bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated Inflammatory Response Related to Cartilage Degradation after ACL Injury
Authors: JACOBS CALE A. , HUNT EMILY R. , CONLEY CAITLIN E.-W. , JOHNSON DARREN L. , STONE AUSTIN V. , HUEBNER JANET L. , KRAUS VIRGINIA B. , LATTERMANN CHRISTIAN
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Elevated synovial fluid (SF) concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, degradative enzymes, and cartilage breakdown markers at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are associated with worse postoperative patient-reported outcomes and cartilage quality. However, it remains unclear if this is due to a more robust or dysregulated inflammatory response or is a function of a more severe injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the molecular composition of the SF, patient demographics, and injury characteristics to cartilage degradation after acute ACL injury.

Methods

We performed a cluster analysis of SF concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of cartilage degradation, bony remodeling, and hemarthrosis. We evaluated the association of biomarker clusters with patient demographics, days between injury, Visual Analogue Scale pain, SF aspirate volumes, and bone bruise volumes measured on magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Two clusters were identified from the 35 patients included in this analysis, dysregulated inflammation and low inflammation. The dysregulated inflammation cluster consisted of 10 patients and demonstrated significantly greater concentrations of biomarkers of cartilage degradation (P< 0.05) as well as a lower ratio of anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory cytokines (P= 0.053) when compared with the low inflammation cluster. Patient demographics, bone bruise volumes, SF aspirate volumes, pain, and concomitant injuries did not differ between clusters.

Conclusions

A subset of patients exhibited dysregulation of the inflammatory response after acute ACL injury which may increase the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This response does not appear to be a function of injury severity.
Clinical and Device-based Metrics of Gait and Balance in Diagnosing Youth Concussion
Authors: CORWIN DANIEL J. , MCDONALD CATHERINE C. , ARBOGAST KRISTY B. , MOHAMMED FAIRUZ N. , METZGER KRISTINA B. , PFEIFFER MELISSA R. , PATTON DECLAN A. , HUBER COLIN M. , MARGULIES SUSAN S. , GRADY MATTHEW F. , MASTER CHRISTINA L.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Evaluate the discriminatory ability of two clinical measures and one device-based measure of gait and balance for concussed youth.

Methods

We enrolled 81 cases and 90 controls age 14–18 yr old from August 2017 to June 2018. Controls were recruited from a suburban high school, and cases were recruited from the concussion program of an academic pediatric tertiary care center. Tests included two clinical measures: 1) complex tandem gait, scored as sway/errors walking forward and backward eyes open and closed; 2) Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS), scored as total number of errors on three standing tasks; and one device-based measure; 3) Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) using the Biodex Biosway Balance System, scored as a sway index. Sensitivity, specificity, ideal cutpoint, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for all test components.

Results

Ideal cutpoint for total number of sway/errors for tandem gait = 5, sensitivity 41%, specificity 90%. Ideal cutpoint for total mBESS errors = 4, sensitivity 55%, specificity 75%. Ideal cutpoint for mCTSIB = 1.37, sensitivity 37%, specificity 88%. Among each test, some individual components outperformed overall composites, in particular tandem gait (specificity forward eyes open = 99%, sensitivity backward eyes closed = 81%). Among the 40 cases and 65 controls with all three assessments, AUC (95% CI) for tandem gait = 0.63 (0.52,0.75), mBESS = 0.70 (0.60,0.81), and mCTSIB = 0.54 (0.42,0.66).

Conclusions

A device-based measure of balance did not produce better discriminatory ability than two clinical assessments. Complex tandem gait has the additional benefit of being an easy-to-perform and graded test with highly sensitive and specific individual components.
Diet and Exercise Training Influence Skeletal Muscle Long-Chain acyl-CoA Synthetases
Authors: STIERWALT HARRISON D. , EHRLICHER SARAH E. , ROBINSON MATTHEW M. , NEWSOM SEAN A.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) are implicated as regulators of oxidation and storage of fatty acids within skeletal muscle; however, to what extent diet and exercise alter skeletal muscle ACSL remains poorly understood.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effects of diet and exercise training on skeletal muscle ACSL and to examine relationships between ACSL1 and ACSL6 and fat oxidation and fat storage, respectively.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice consumed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk to induce obesity compared with low-fat diet (LFD). At week 4, mice began aerobic exercise (EX-Tr) or remained sedentary (SED) for 8 wk. At week 12, the protein abundance of five known ACSL isoforms and mRNA expression for ACSL1 and ACSL6 were measured in gastrocnemius muscle, as was skeletal muscle lipid content. Fat oxidation was measured using metabolic cage indirect calorimetry at week 10.

Results

Of the five known ACSL isoforms, four were detected at the protein level. HFD resulted in greater, yet nonsignificant, ACSL1 protein abundance (+18%, P = 0.13 vs LFD), greater ACSL6 (+107%, P < 0.01 vs LFD), and no difference in ACSL4 or ACSL5. Exercise training resulted in greater ACSL6 protein abundance in LFD mice (P = 0.05 LFD EX-Tr vs SED), whereas ACSL4 was lower after exercise training compared with sedentary, regardless of diet. Under fasted conditions, skeletal muscle ACSL1 protein abundance was not related to measures of whole-body fat oxidation. Conversely, skeletal muscle ACSL6 protein abundance was positively correlated with intramyocellular lipid content (P < 0.01, r
2 = 0.22).

Conclusion

We present evidence that ACSL isoforms 1, 4, and 6 may undergo regulation by HFD and/or exercise training. We further conclude that increased skeletal muscle ACSL6 may facilitate increased intramyocellular fat storage during HFD-induced obesity.
Dimensions of neurotic personality and its selected predictors in individuals with arterial hypertension
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Furmańska Joanna , Konieczny Krystian , Widecka Krystyna , Rachubińska Karolina
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Ocena poziomu wymiarów osobowości nerwicowej w grupie chorych na nadciśnienie tętnicze w porównaniu do osób zdrowych. Weryfikacja stopnia zależności między ogólnym wynikiem osobowości nerwicowej a satysfakcją z życia oraz tendencją do zauważania i przywiązywania wagi do pozytywnych aspektów życia, doświadczeń i samego siebie wśród grupy klinicznej.

Metoda

Kwestionariusz Osobowości Nerwicowej (KON-2006) autorstwa Aleksandrowicza, Klasy, Sobańskiego i Stolarskiej (2007), Skala Satysfakcji z Życia (SWLS) autorstwa Dienera i wsp. oraz Skala P autorstwa Caprary (2009).

Wyniki

Osoby z nadciśnieniem tętniczym (N=81) wyróżniają się istotnie wyższym poziomem dwudziestu (z puli dwudziestu czterech) wymiarów osobowości nerwicowej aniżeli osoby bez nadciśnienia tętniczego z grupy kontrolnej (N=88). Istnieje negatywna korelacja pomiędzy ogólnym wynikiem osobowości nerwicowej a satysfakcją z życia i oceną pozytywnych aspektów życia.

Wnioski

Poziom osobowości nerwicowej wiąże się z oceną satysfakcji z życia. Badanie własne wskazuje kierunek ewentualnych modyfikacji z postępowaniu terapeutycznym, nastawionym na poprawę zadowolenia z życia pacjentów. Badanie własne wzbogaca wiedzę z zakresu psychospołecznych aspektów funkcjonowania osób chorych, oraz wyznacza kierunki pracy multidyscyplinarnych zespołów nastawionych na poprawę jakości życia osób chorych.
Deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder – case report of two patients
Authors: Beszłej Jan , Siwicki Damian , Fila-Witecka Karolina , Wieczorek Tomasz , Piotrowski Patryk , Weiser Artur , Tabakow Paweł , Rymaszewska Joanna
Published: September 2019

Zaburzenie obsesyjno-kompulsyjne (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD) występuje u około 2-3% populacji. W związku przewlekłym przebiegiem i dużym procentem oporności na standardowe leczenie poszukuje się alternatywnego postępowania klinicznego bazującego na osiągnięciach neuroscience. Głęboka stymulacja mózgu (DBS - Deep Brain Stimulation) jest nowoczesną i dynamicznie rozwijającą się metodą, stwarzającą szanse na pomoc pacjentom opornym na dotychczasowe leczenie oparte na farmakoterapii i psychoterapii. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiamy dwa przypadki pacjentów z rozpoznaniem opornego na leczenie OCD, u których zastosowano terapię DBS z jednoczesną farmakoterapią i psychoterapią kognitywno- poznawczą (CBT). U obojga pacjentów przeprowadzono zabieg neurochirurgiczny z implantacją elektrod do przedniej odnogi torebki wewnętrznej (ALIC) oraz jądra półleżącego (NAc). Przed i po rozpoczęciu stymulacji prowadzono regularną ewaluację kliniczną w oparciu o badanie psychiatryczne oraz pomiary psychometryczne (Y-BOCS, HAMA, HDRS, GAF, SOFAS). W trakcie okresu obserwacji wykonano ponadto zaślepioną próbę wyłączenia stymulacji. W okresie 6 miesięcznej obserwacji uzyskano znaczną redukcję w zakresie objawów obsesyjno-kompulsyjnych, depresyjnych, lękowych oraz poprawiło się funkcjonowanie pacjentów. Tolerancja terapii DBS była bardzo dobra i nie stwierdzono istotnych objawów niepożądanych. Uzyskane wyniki dają podstawy do wdrażania tej metody u innych, opornych na dotychczasowe leczenie pacjentów z OCD.
Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRD)
Authors: Krzyszkowiak Waldemar , Kuleta-Krzyszkowiak Małgorzata , Krzanowska Eliza
Published: September 2019

Celem artykułu jest przegląd aktualnej wiedzy dotyczącej leczenia zaburzeń obsesyjno- kompulsyjnych i powiązanych (OCRD – wg DSM-5). Dokonano prezentacji powszechnie stosowanych sposobów leczenia farmakologicznego, psychoterapii, jak również metod leczenia chirurgicznego i innych. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że w odniesieniu do OCD, odmienność reagowania na farmakoterapię w zależności od rodzaju objawów nie jest na tyle istotna, by uzasadniało to odmienne leczenie. Wybór leków powinien być raczej podyktowany innymi czynnikami, jak np. stopniem nasilenia objawów, poziomem wglądu w chorobę czy współwystępującymi z natręctwami symptomami innych zaburzeń. Te czynniki odgrywają rolę także w psychoterapii, jednak tu zależność pomiędzy typami obsesji i kompulsji, a rodzajem podejścia terapeutycznego ma większe znaczenie. Ogólnie, w leczeniu OCRD można zaobserwować tendencję do stosowania odmiennych metod w odniesieniu do zaburzeń opartych w głównej mierze na mechanizmie kompulsywności bądź impulsywności. Nadzieje na bardziej skuteczne leczenie wiązane są z poszukiwaniem nowych sposobów farmakoterapii oraz modyfikacji metod psychoterapii w oparciu o rozwój dokonujący się głównie w ramach podejścia poznawczo-behawioralnego.
Anxiety symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Citkowska-Kisielewska Anna , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Sobański Jerzy A. , Dembińska Edyta , Mielimąka Michał
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Z uwagi na współwystępowanie objawów zaburzeń lękowych i zaburzeń obsesyjno-kompulsyjnych (OCD) oraz hipotezy mówiące o wspólnych czynnikach etiopatogenetycznych, poddano badaniu występowanie i nasilenie objawów lękowych, nasilenie grup objawów nerwicowych oraz przeprowadzono analizy czynnikowe w dwóch grupach pacjentów: z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń obsesyjno-kompulsyjnych (OCD) i zaburzeń lękowych uogólnionych (GAD).

Metoda

Badanie przeprowadzono retrospektywnie w dwóch grupach pacjentów: 76 - z rozpoznaniem OCD i 186 - z rozpoznaniem GAD. Źródłem informacji o występowaniu i nasileniu objawów był Kwestionariusz Objawowy „O” (KO). W badaniu uwzględniono wpływ płci oraz istnienia lub nie dysfunkcji poznawczych (testy Bender i Benton), na badane zależności.

Wyniki

Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w nasileniu większości objawów lękowych w grupie pacjentów z rozpoznaniem OCD i GAD. Pacjenci z GAD cechowali się istotnie wyższym średnim nasileniem zaburzeń fobicznych, konwersyjnych, zaburzeń autonomicznych z zakresu serca i układu sercowo-naczyniowego oraz hipochondrycznych, w porównaniu do pacjentów z OCD. Analizy czynnikowe wykazały istnienie zarówno w grupie OCD jak i w GAD istnienie trzech podobnych czynników: „niepokój/depresyjność”, „obsesje” i „kompulsje”. Ponadto w OCD wyodrębniono między innymi czynnik „depresyjności”, natomiast w GAD czynnik odpowiadający lękowi separacyjnemu.

Wnioski

Badanie wskazuje na istotne znaczenie lęku w obrazie OCD, który może osiągać nasilenie podobne jak w GAD. Występowanie i nasilenie objawów lękowych oraz somatyzacyjnych, może być powiązane z występowaniem dysfunkcji poznawczych, co wymaga dalszych badań.
Neurotic personality traits and associated dysfunctional attitudes as factors predisposing patients to suicidal ideations at the end of intensive psychotherapy
Authors: Rodziński Paweł , Ostachowska Anna , Cyranka Katarzyna , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Sobański Jerzy , Citkowska-Kisielewska Anna , Dembińska Edyta , Mielimąka Michał
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Określenie związków pomiędzy cechami osobowości typowymi dla zaburzeń nerwicowych i dysfunkcjonalnymi postawami deklarowanymi przez pacjentów bez MS przed leczeniem a wystąpieniem MS pod koniec cyklu intensywnej psychoterapii prowadzonej w podejściu integracyjnym z przewagą podejścia psychodynamicznego w oddziale dziennym z powodu zaburzeń nerwicowych, behawioralnych lub zaburzeń osobowości.

Metoda

Kwestionariusz objawowy KO„O” pozwalający ocenić MS, Kwestionariusz osobowości nerwicowej KON-2006 pozwalający ocenić cech osobowości nerwicowej i deklarowane postaw pacjentów oraz Ankieta życiorysowa wypełnione przez grupę 680 pacjentów leczonych po raz pierwszy w dziennym oddziale psychoterapeutycznym. Analizie statystycznej poddano wyodrębnioną grupę 466 pacjentów nie zgłaszających wyjściowo MS, z czego u 4% wystąpiły MS pod koniec leczenia.

Wyniki

Stwierdzono szereg postaw deklarowanych przez pacjentów, które w istotnym stopniu predysponowały do wystąpienia MS pod koniec cyklu intensywnej psychoterapii. Należały do nich: agresja fizyczna wobec bliskich (p<0,001), fantazje wielkościowe(p=0,043), skłonności rezygnacyjne(p=0,022), związane z rezygnacją poczucie straty okazji życiowych (p=0,037), a także kierowanie się głównie intuicją (p=0,035). Stwierdzono również, że zadeklarowanie pewnych postaw istotnie wiązało się z mniejszymi niż przeciętne szansami na wystąpienie MS pod koniec leczenia.

Wnioski

U pacjentów deklarujących wymienione postawy, wyższe niż u pozostałych ryzyko wystąpienia MS pod koniec cyklu psychoterapii (10–30% vs 4%) wskazuje na obecność określonych dysfunkcji osobowości, nad którymi intensywna praca psychoterapeutyczna wymaga szczególnej ostrożności – może wyzwalać napięcia emocjonalne prowadzące do wystąpienia MS. Można przypuszczać, że wystąpienie MS jest następstwem przebudowy mechanizmów obronnych podczas pracy nad wglądem, konfrontacją z przyczynami i konsekwencjami własnej agresywności fizycznej wobec bliskich, urealnianiem wielkościowego myślenia na swój temat i wglądem w jego funkcję oraz wglądem w przyczyny postaw rezygnacyjnych.
Neurotic personality and lower urinary tract symptoms in day hospital patients diagnosed at pretreatment between 2004 and 2014
Authors: Klasa Katarzyna , Sobański Jerzy , Skalski Michał , Gołąbek Tomasz , Świerkosz Agata , Przydacz Mikołaj , Dembińska Edyta , Mielimąka Michał , Cyranka Katarzyna , Dudek Dominika , Chłosta Piotr , Rutkowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Ocena powiązania występowania objawów z dolnego odcinka układu moczowego u pacjentów kwalifikowanych do psychoterapii,z nasileniem i profilem ich nerwicowych zaburzeń osobowości.

Metoda

Retrospektywna analiza kwestionariuszy zawartych w historiach chorób 2450 pacjentów kwalifikowanych do leczenia psychoterapią w latach 2004-2014 pod kątem powiązań między zgłaszanymi w kwestionariuszu objawowym symptomami częstego oraz bezwiednego oddawania moczu a globalnym nasileniem objawów nerwicowych,globalnym nasileniem nerwicowych zaburzeń osobowości oraz nieprawidłowymi wartościami 24 skal kwestionariusza KON-2006. Powiązania w postaci współczynników OR z 95% przedziałami ufności oszacowano za pomocą analiz regresji logistycznej.

Wyniki

Objawy z dolnego odcinka układu moczowego wiążą się z istotnie większym nasileniem neurotyczności zarówno opisywanej przez globalne nasilenie objawów jak i współczynnik globalnego nasilenia nerwicowych zaburzeń osobowości oraz z nieprawidłowymi wartościami skal kwestionariusza KON-2006. Dla występowania dla obu objawów stwierdzono powiązania ze skalami: Negatywna samoocena i Zawiść, dla częstomoczu ze skalami Poczucie uzależnienia od otoczenia, Demobilizacja, Przekonanie o niezaradności życiowej i Poczucie braku wpływu, dla moczenia: Poczucie wyobcowania i Egzaltacja – dla obu płci, a jedynie u mężczyzn – Unikanie (niska Skłonność do) ryzyka,Przekonanie o niezaradności życiowej, Trudności w relacjach interpersonalnych. Skrajne nasilenie częstomoczu wiązało się z wieloma wymienionymi skalami silniej, oraz nieco inaczej z innymi np. u mężczyzn z Poczuciem przeciążenia i Wyobraźnią, fantazjowaniem.

Wnioski

Neurotyczne cechy osobowości opisywane przez nieprawidłowe wartości skal kwestionariusza KON-2006 wiążą się z obecnością (a także do pewnego stopnia z nasileniem) psychogennych objawów z dolnego odcinka dróg moczowych. Powiązania mogą być dwukierunkowe - w niektórych przypadkach przeżywanie i samoopis cech osobowości mogą być wtórne do cierpienia związanego z objawami częstomoczu i moczenia.
National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders (NPDC) model - an integrated model of evidence-based practices for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Waligórska Anna , Kucharczyk Suzanne , Waligórski Michał , Kuncewicz-Sosnowska Karolina , Kalisz Karolina , Odom Samuel
Published: September 2019

Spektrum autyzmu (Autism Spectrum Disorders; ASD) jako poważne zaburzenie neurorozwojowe wymaga intensywnych i kompleksowych oddziaływań, szczególnie tych, których skuteczność potwierdziły wysokiej jakości badania naukowe. Celem utworzonego w USA National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders (NPDC) było przeprowadzenie szerokiego przeglądu, wyodrębniającego oddziaływania oparte na dowodach w odniesieniu do spektrum autyzmu, oraz stworzenie modelu wdrażania praktyk opartych na badaniach wobec dzieci, młodzieży i młodych dorosłych z autyzmem (od etapu przedszkolnego do ponadgimnazjalnego). Finalny systematyczny przegląd autorstwa NPDC, jako najszerszy z dotychczasowych (wyjściowa pula obejmowała 29105 artykułów) wyodrębnił 27 technik oddziaływań opartych na dowodach. Poza opracowaną matrycą praktyk opartych na dowodach w odniesieniu do spektrum autyzmu, oraz e-learningowymi szkoleniami nt. zweryfikowanych badawczo technik, model NPDC obejmuje także skalę oceny jakości oddziaływań APERS (Autism Program Environment Rating Scale) do oceny zewnętrznej i samooceny, system oceny postępów GAS (Goal Attainment Scaling) oraz podręcznik do programu coachingu. Model został dotychczas wdrożony w 12 stanach USA oraz jest wprowadzany w innych krajach, m.in. Australii, Szwecji, Arabii Saudyjskiej i Polsce. Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie modelu NPDC i jego elementów, wraz z odnoszącymi się do nich badaniami.
Depressive symptoms among adolescents in non-clinical Krakow’s population – thirty years’ follow-up
Authors: Modrzejewska Renata , Bomba Jacek , Pac Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Ocena predykcyjnej wartości występowania objawów depresyjnych w okresie dorastania. W tym celu oceniono dwukrotnie, w odstępach piętnastoletnich historię życia nieleczonych adolescentów zbadanych przesiewowo na obecność objawów depresyjnych, oceniając ich historię zdrowotną, sytuację rodzinną, zawodową, materialną i społeczną.
Porównanie losów osób depresyjnych w okresie dorastania z losami ich niedepresyjnych wówczas rówieśników miało dać odpowiedź na pytanie o wpływ depresji młodzieńczej na zdrowie w dorosłości.

Metoda

W 1985 roku przebadano w kierunku przesiewowej diagnozy depresji młodzieńczej losową próbę 1035 osób – uczniów w wieku 15 i 17 lat . Wykorzystano kwestionariusze Krakowskiego Inwentarza Depresyjnego (KID) w wersji dla 15-latków (”IOB1”) oraz w wersji dla 17-latków („IOC1”). Po 15-latach uzyskano zwrotnie dane dotyczące 238 osób (23 %). W roku 2015 uzyskano odpowiedź od 101 osób (9,8% przebadanych w roku 1985).

Wyniki

Analiza wyników trzydziestoletniego badania prospektywnego powiązań między depresyjnością w okresie dorastania, u nieleczonych adolescentów, a zdrowiem i funkcjonowaniem w dorosłości, wskazuje, że wbrew przewidywaniom pojawienie się depresji w tej fazie rozwoju nie może być traktowane jako predyktor zaburzeń psychicznych w późniejszym życiu.

Wnioski

Wieloletnia obserwacja w przedstawionym badaniu prospektywnym wspiera hipotezę o rozwojowym charakterze depresji młodzieńczej.
Risk and avoidable harm part 1: recognising risk in paramedicine
Authors: Ebbs Phillip , Gonzalez Prue
Published: September 2019

In this two-part continuing professional development series, we explore the complex and often sensitive topic of clinical mistakes and events of avoidable patient harm (sometimes referred to as iatrogenic harm), which may occur within the paramedic practice environment. Even the very best clinicians will make mistakes, and therefore we introduce the science behind why common unintentional mistakes can be made. We discuss how paramedics can better prepare themselves and their teams to more effectively prevent, respond to, and recover from unintentional mistakes that may occur in paramedic practice environments.
The boundaries of Behavioural Insights: observations from two ethnographic studies
Authors: Ball Sarah , Feitsma Joram
Published: September 2019

Background:

`Behavioural Insights’ has emerged as an increasingly popular approach to policy making in governments across the globe. Practitioners largely present a frontstage narrative of Behavioural Insights as a coherent concept but this article challenges such a description.

Aims & objectives:

This article aims to explore the ongoing process of policy translation that the global Behavioural Insights community is subject to.

Methods:

The data for this project is drawn from two independent ethnographic studies undertaken between 2014 and 2018 studying Behavioural Insights practitioners within Australia, with a focus on federal government (Ball), as well as practitioners within various Dutch central and local government agencies (Feitsma).

Findings:

This exploratory study highlights that Behavioural Insights at one level possesses some consistencies in how it is being translated by Behavioural Insights teams in government. These consistencies include a shared narrative and the use of a family of instruments (primarily nudges) and artefacts. At the same time, however, the field is marked by contingencies. These contingencies include disparities between what theories are considered and how it is applied as well as differing levels of commitment to experimental methodologies.

Discussion and conclusions:

This study raises important questions about how Behavioural Insights is being translated into practice, especially in government policy making. The contingencies present raise concerns about the identity of Behavioural Insights and whether its presentation as a coherent whole is of more value in a discursive sense than in a practical one.
Rezension von Altman, W. The Guardians in Action: Plato the Teacher and the Post-Republic Dialogues from Timaeus to Theaetetus (2016)
Authors: Engler M. R.
Published: September 2019

Rezension von Altman, W. The Guardians in Action: Plato the Teacher and the Post-Republic Dialogues from Timaeus to Theaetetus (2016)
Muscle Architecture and Neuromuscular Changes After High-Resistance Circuit Training in Hypoxia
Authors: Ramos-Campo Domingo J. , Martínez-Guardado Ismael , Rubio-Arias Jacobo A. , Freitas Tomás T. , Othalawa Sanjaya , Andreu Luis , Timón Rafael , Alcaraz Pedro E.
Published: September 2019

Ramos-Campo, DJ, Martínez-Guardado, I, Rubio-Arias, JA, Freitas, TT, Othalawa, S, Andreu, L, Timón, R, and Alcaraz, PE. Muscle architecture and neuromuscular changes after high-resistance circuit training in hypoxia. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3035–3040, 2021—This study aimed to analyze the effect of 8 weeks of high-resistance circuit (HRC) training in hypoxia on muscle architecture, strength, and neuromuscular variables. Twenty-eight resistance-trained subjects were assigned to a hypoxia (FiO2 = 15%; HG: n = 15; age: 24.6 ± 6.8 years; height: 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; and mass: 74.9 ± 11.5 kg) or normoxia group (FiO2 = 20.9%; NG: n = 13; age: 23.2 ± 5.2 years; height: 173.4 ± 6.2 cm; and mass: 69.4 ± 7.4 kg). Each training session consisted of 2 blocks of 3 exercises (block 1: bench press, leg extension, and front lat pulldown; block 2: deadlift, elbow flexion, and ankle extension). Each exercise was performed with a 6 repetition maximum load. Subjects exercised twice weekly and, before and after the training program, vastus lateralis muscle thickness and pennation angle, knee extensors electromyographic activity, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and rate of force development (RFD) and H-Reflex (Hmax), M-wave of the soleus muscle were assessed. Both training groups showed similar improvements in muscle thickness (effect size [ES] = HG: 0.23; NG: 0.41), pennation angle (ES = HG: 0.86; NG: 0.15), MVC (ES HG: 0.63; NG: 0.61), Hmax (ES = HG: 0.96; NG: 0.40), RFD at 200 milliseconds (ES = HG: 0.31; NG: 0.61) and peak RFD (ES = HG: 0.21; NG: 0.66). No significant between-group differences were found. In conclusion, similar morphological and neuromuscular adaptations can be achieved after 8 weeks of HRC training under hypoxic or normoxic conditions.
Contextual Factors Influencing External and Internal Training Loads in Collegiate Men's Soccer
Authors: Curtis Ryan M. , Huggins Robert A. , Benjamin Courteney L. , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Adams William M. , Arent Shawn M. , Jain Rajat , Miller Sayers J. , Walker Alan J. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: September 2019

Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Sekiguchi, Y, Adams, WM, Arent, SM, Jain, R, Miller, SJ, Walker, AJ, and Casa, DJ. Contextual factors influencing external and internal training loads in collegiate men's soccer. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 374–381, 2020—This study investigated factors influencing training loads (TL) in collegiate men's soccer. Total distance, high-speed running distance (>14.4 km·h−1), high-intensity heart-rate zone duration (HI HRZ, >70% heart rate relative to maximum), and session rating of perceived exertion were assessed daily from 107 male soccer players competing for 5 National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I teams. Differences between athlete role (starter and reserve), position (defender, midfielder, and forward), season phase (preseason, in-season, and postseason), days relative to match (MD-1 to MD-5+), days between matches (<4, 4–5, >5 days), previous match outcome (win, loss, and draw), and upcoming opponent relative ranking (weaker, trivial, and stronger) were examined. Mean differences (MD) and effect sizes (ESs) with 90% confidence intervals were reported. There were trivial and insignificant differences by player role, position, or upcoming opponent strength, and small-moderate increases in preseason TL compared with in-season (ES [range] = 0.4–0.9). TLs were lower for MD-1 and higher for MD-5+ (ES [range] = 0.4–1.3) when compared with MD-2-4. External loads (ES = −0.40 ± 0.20) were less after wins compared with losses. TLs are increased in the preseason, when training sessions occur greater than 5 days from a match and after losses. Contextualizing factors affecting TLs has implications for developing workload prescription and recovery strategies.
Effect of Work: Rest Ratio on Cycling Performance Following Sprint Interval Training: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Lloyd Jones Molly C. , Morris Martyn G. , Jakeman John R.
Published: September 2019

Lloyd Jones, MC, Morris, MG, and Jakeman, JR. Effect of work: Rest ratio on cycling performance following sprint interval training: A randomized control trial. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3263–3268, 2019—Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to improve performance measures in a range of individuals, and it is understood that different responses can be elicited from different training protocols. However, consideration of changes in work to rest ratios could offer important insight into optimizing training programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 different work to rest ratios on exercise performance. Thirty-six male and female subjects were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 training groups or a nontraining control group. Training consisted of 10 × 6 second “all-out” sprints on a cycle ergometer, with a 1:8, 1:10, or 1:12 work-to-rest ratio. Performance data, including peak power output, performance decrement, and 10-km time trial performance data were collected before and after 2 weeks of SIT. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in all parameters for the training groups, but no changes were observed in the control condition. Peak power increased by 57.2, 50.7, and 53.7 W in the 1:8, 1:10 and 1:12 groups, respectively, with no significant differences in response between conditions. Time trial performance improved significantly in all 3 training conditions (29.4, 8.7, and 25.1 seconds in the 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12 groups), while worsening in the control group. All training conditions resulted in significant improvements in performance, but there were no significant differences in improvement for any of the groups. Any of the 3 stated that work to rest ratios would be appropriate for use with athletes and allow some level of personal preference for those interested in using the protocol.
Comparison and Characterization of Mutations Induced by Gamma-Ray and Carbon-Ion Irradiation in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Using Whole-Genome Resequencing
Authors: Li Feng , Shimizu Akemi , Nishio Takeshi , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Kato Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

Gamma-rays are the most widely used mutagenic radiation in plant mutation breeding, but detailed characteristics of mutated DNA sequences have not been clarified sufficiently. In contrast, newly introduced physical mutagens, e.g., heavy-ion beams, have attracted geneticists’ and breeders’ interest and many studies on their mutation efficiency and mutated DNA characteristics have been conducted. In this study, we characterized mutations induced by gamma rays and carbon(C)-ion beams in rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant lines at M5 generation using whole-genome resequencing. On average, 57.0 single base substitutions (SBS), 17.7 deletions, and 5.9 insertions were detected in each gamma-ray-irradiated mutant, whereas 43.7 single SBS, 13.6 deletions, and 5.3 insertions were detected in each C-ion-irradiated mutant. The structural variation (SV) analysis detected 2.0 SVs (including large deletions or insertions, inversions, duplications, and reciprocal translocations) on average in each C-ion-irradiated mutant, while 0.6 SVs were detected on average in each gamma-ray-irradiated mutant. Furthermore, complex SVs presumably having at least two double-strand breaks (DSBs) were detected only in C-ion-irradiated mutants. In summary, gamma-ray irradiation tended to induce larger numbers of small mutations than C-ion irradiation, whereas complex SVs were considered to be the specific characteristics of the mutations induced by C-ion irradiation, which may be due to their different radiation properties. These results could contribute to the application of radiation mutagenesis to plant mutation breeding.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Cut-off Score in Admission Examinations
Authors: Malach Josef , Vicherková Dana
Published: September 2019

The cut-off score is an essential construct of the theory of educational assessment and a subject of discussions and clashes among the stakeholders in educational practice: politicians, executive bodies, non-profit organisations, school managers, teachers, students and their parents. This paper presents the theoretical concept of the cut-off score and its application in the admission procedure of secondary schools completed by the school-leaving examination. It presents selected stakeholders views on its use to reduce the failure of pupils to complete secondary school studies. The text presents the results of empirical research among 409 school managers and teachers randomly selected in four regions of the Czech Republic. Respondents expressed their opinion on the usefulness of introducing the cut-off score into educational practice and commented on its proposed boundary. Their opinions were differentiated according to their engagement at the level of the educational system, the length of teaching practice and gender. At the same time, respondents expressed their opinion on the newly introduced uniform entrance examination for secondary schools and its potential to increase the objectivity and fairness of the admission procedure. The main finding of the research is that almost two-thirds of respondents accept the cut-off score procedure. The main aim of the study was to reflect upon the utility of the cut-off score as an essential construct of the theory of educational assessment as well as a subject of professional and public discussions with regards to a search for consensus on the cut-off score implementation in the uniform entrance examination for secondary schools completed by the school-leaving examination in the Czech Republic.
Outlining New Guidelines for the Assessment of the Education Diploma in Music
Authors: Ojala Aleksi , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki , Sepp Anu
Published: September 2019

The intention in this pilot study is to outline the preliminary guidelines for the development of new assessment practices in the education diploma in music at Finnish general upper secondary schools. The rationale for the study arose from the ongoing education policy debate in Finland that suggests that one of the academic subjects in the general upper secondary school graduation examination could soon be replaced by an education diploma in artistic subjects. The study was conducted by asking Finnish general upper secondary school music teachers and students to respond to a semi-structured e-questionnaire that aimed to find out the participants’ perspectives firstly, on the general goals and importance of an education diploma in music, and secondly, on the development of the assessment practices in the diplomas. A small sample of Finnish general upper secondary school’s music teachers (N=13) and students (N=5) answered the questionnaire during the 2019 spring semester. The results of data analysis suggest that participants found it problematic to incorporate different types of assessment tasks and goals in the diplomas in their present form. Against this backdrop, we recommend that the diploma should be re-designed in order to have clear assessment formats for the use of diagnostic, formative, summative and integrative assessment tasks.
Employees’ Empowerment and Engagement in Attaining Personal and Organisational Goals
Authors: Bekirogullari Zafer
Published: September 2019

Employee empowerment and engagement are critical for any given organization as these positively influence workers to produce better results and attain both personal and company gaols. This specific study focuses on LPG Cyprus Company, where the subject of the employee empowerment and engagement is analysed through a qualitative research design using interviews with the management and the employees about how they are treated and what they think about their company with regards to the subject matter. The findings revealed that while there was a cordial relationship among the management and employees, there was a need for the management to strengthen their strategies to empower the employees and engage them more fruitfully in the working processes.
Instruments for quality of life assessment in individuals with human papillomavirus
Authors: Pereira-Caldeira Natália Maria Vieira , Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Almeida-Cruz Maria Cristina Mendes de , Reinato Lílian Andreia Fleck , Reis Renata Karina , Gir Elucir
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify scientific evidence on quality of life measurement instruments used in individuals with infections caused by human papillomavirus. Method: This was an integrative review carried out from April 1995 to March 2017 in the LILACS, SciVerse Scopus, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. The controlled descriptors adopted were: Infecções por Papilomavirus; Qualidade de Vida; Papillomavirus Infections; and Quality of Life. Results: Of the 416 articles found, 12 were selected. Thirteen different types of instruments to evaluate the quality of life of individuals with human papillomavirus were identified, in that nine were generic and four specific. Conclusion: Different generic and specific instruments were used to evaluate the quality of life of individuals with human papillomavirus, which means no consensus or preference among the studies was identified. However, a lack of use of specific instruments to evaluate this construct in this population was observed.
Classification of clinical risk in people with AIDS followed up in specialized care
Authors: Leadebal Oriana Deyze Correia Paiva , Medeiros Leidyanny Barbosa de , Nascimento João Agnaldo do , Monroe Aline Aparecida , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Aim: To develop a clinical risk stratification score for people living with AIDS and to analyze its association with clinical and sociodemographic aspects. Method: Cross-sectional study involving 150 adults with AIDS, in outpatient follow-up. A structured instrument was applied and, sequentially, inferential statistical techniques on the developed score. Results: 45.3% of the participants were classified as in high clinical risk. TL-CD4+ <500cel/mm3 count, detectable viral load, presence of opportunistic diseases, chronic diseases and clinical manifestations were associated with high clinical risk. There was a significant difference in the mean risk between the categories of variables employment status (p = 0.003) and economic class (p = 0.035). There was a higher risk for brown people (OR = 5.55), unemployed status (OR = 16,51) and belonging to classes C (OR = 20.07) and D (OR = 53,32), and a lower risk for individuals with higher schooling (OR = 0.02). Conclusion: The proposed score quantifies clinical situations and points out sociodemographic aspects that predispose to instability and aggravation of AIDS, supporting the qualification of care.
Social representations of HIV/AIDS by older people and the interface with prevention
Authors: Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Valle Andreia Rodrigues Moura da Costa , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito , Moura Maria Eliete Batista
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To apprehend the social representations elaborated by older people about HIV/AIDS and to understand how they relate to the prevention of HIV infection. Method: Descriptive and qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations with 42 older people assisted at primary care. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured instrument, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed by means of the descending hierarchical classification. Results: Five classes emerged: “HIV/AIDS: a problem of young people”; “Quality of life improvement for people living with HIV/AIDS”; “Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among heterosexual women in a stable union”; “HIV/AIDS Information Network: process of creation and transformation of social representations” and “Prevention versus stigma”. Final considerations: The social representations that older people have about HIV/AIDS influence the adoption of preventive measures negatively because stigma is present and HIV/AIDS is attributed to young men, and to men who have sex with other men.
Mothers living with HIV: replacing breastfeeding by infant formula
Authors: Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Leal Camila Lima , Fabbro Marcia Regina Cangiani , Bussadori Jamile Claro de Castro , Melo Simone Santos e Silva , Cartagena-Ramos Denisse , Dupas Giselle
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore factors that interact and shape the meaning and experience of mothers of HIV-exposed children in relation to replacing breastfeeding by infant formula. Method: A qualitative study was carried out with 23 mothers living with HIV, whose children were up to 18 months of age and under follow-up in a specialized care service. Symbolic Interactionism, semi-structured interviews and content analysis were adopted as theoretical framework. Results: The social symbols of breastfeeding, the (un)availability of the milk formula and the (lack of)support of health professionals influenced the mothers’ experience with formula feeding. Social, cultural and economic constraints have proved capable of undermining the conditions necessary for the replacement of breastfeeding. Final considerations: The availability of infant formula, access to lactation inhibitor and quality of health services still represent challenges to eradicate new HIV infections in children.
Strategies for the evaluation of interventions for the control of tuberculosis: integrative review
Authors: Silva Sandy Yasmine Bezerra e , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão , Medeiros Eliabe Rodrigues de , Rebouças Danielle Gonçalves da Cruz , Paiva Alany Carla de Sousa , Nascimento Camila Priscila Abdias do , Souza Nilba Lima de
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Identifying the available evidence in the scientific literature about the strategies used in the evaluations of interventions for the control of tuberculosis. Method: Integrative review with searches in databases Lilacs, CINAHL and PubMed in August 2017. Thirty-three articles were selected and the theoretical referential of health assessment was used for analysis. Results: The prevalent interventions were health programs (60.7%), 69.7% focusing on results and 81.9% having quantitative character (81.9%). Final considerations: The evaluation of interventions for the control of tuberculosis is beneficial for the health services’ users and aids in the decision making of managers and health professionals.
Social representations of the elderly about HIV/AIDS
Authors: Brandão Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo , Angelim Rebeca Coelho de Moura , Marques Sergio Corrêa , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Oliveira Regina Célia de , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the representational content about HIV/AIDS among seropositive elderly people. Method: a qualitative study carried out from April to May 2017, in the city of Recife/PE, with 48 seropositive elderly people, through a semi-structured interview. The Social Representations Theory was used as theoretical framework and the method of lexical analysis through IRAMUTEQ software. Results: it was observed that the social representation of HIV is structured around the proximity of death and that it is a disease of restricted groups, leading to feelings of sadness. On the other hand, it is evident a transformation of the representation linked to the reified knowledge, leading to the process of naturalization of the disease. Final considerations: it is concluded that the elderly living with HIV, when they undergo a process of reframing about the disease, become more flexible to deal with their condition of seropositivity.
Knowledge of sex workers about HIV/AIDS and its influence on sexual practices
Authors: Patrício Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo , Bezerra Valéria Peixoto , Nogueira Jordana Almeida , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Camargo Brígido Vizeu , Santos Jiovana de Souza
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: assess the knowledge of sex workers about HIV/AIDS and its influence on sexual practices. Method: Ninety women participated in the study. The Scientific Knowledge Test about HIV/AIDS and sexual practices was used. The Wald test was applied to verify the relationship between knowledge and sexual practices with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results: the score of 61.7% of correct answers in all three dimensions stands out; 72.2% have sexual intercourse without a condom in exchange for a large amount of money; 53.3% have sex during the menstrual period; 62.2% have sexual intercourse with drug users; 75.6% have sex with clients showing lesions on the penis or anus. The B coefficient (-0.19) showed that the higher the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the lower the practice of risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion: the influence of knowledge about HIV/AIDS on sexual practices was not statistically significant, but the sexual practices and insufficient knowledge about prevention, physiological and behavioral attributes were observed.
Validation of Brazilian educational technology for disseminating knowledge on leprosy to adolescents
Authors: Feitosa Mariana Campos da Rocha , Stelko-Pereira Ana Carina , Matos Karla Julianne Negreiros de
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Elaborate and validate an educational technology for adolescents on leprosy, focusing on preventing the disease and reducing stigma. Method: First, a prototype of the educational technology was elaborated and later analyzed by 17 adolescents and 7 researchers’ experts in the leprosy area and educational technologies who answered a questionnaire with questions related to the subject. Subsequently, the technology has been applied to 43 adolescents, and a questionnaire was handed before and after the use of the game, so that questionnaire scores were compared by a Wilcoxon paired test. Results: After the data collection with researchers and adolescents, the answers received descriptive treatment, and the Content Validity Index was calculated, which reached a good level of agreement, with an overall value (0.86), although there were improvements to the technology, based on the perceptions of researchers and adolescents. Conclusions: There was an increase in knowledge about leprosy.
Temporal trend of leprosy in a region of high endemicity in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Pereira Thayza Miranda , Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da , Dias Maria Socorro de Araújo , Monteiro Lorena Dias , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da , Alencar Olga Maria de
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the temporal trend and epidemiological patterns of leprosy indicators in Sobral, a municipality countryside of the state of Ceará, from 2001 to 2016. Method: a time series study based on data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The time trend analysis was performed using the join point regression model. Results: There were 2,220 new cases of leprosy in Sobral from 2001 to 2016. Of these, 158 (7.2%) in children younger than 15 years of age, the proportion of new male cases was 52.8% (1,162), cases with grade 2 were 7.0% (156), and proportion of cases diagnosed by contact examination 5.7% (126). Final considerations: leprosy remains hyperendemic in adults and children, demonstrating the character of neglected disease. Analysis of the temporal trend allowed to verify that the instability in the detection coefficients, reflect operational problems in the organization of the services