bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) for pulmonary tuberculosis to community-based active case finding
Authors: Okada Kosuke , Yamada Norio , Takayanagi Kiyoko , Hiasa Yuta , Kitamura Yoshiro , Hoshino Yutaka , Hirao Susumu , Yoshiyama Takashi , Onozaki Ikushi , Kato Seiya
Published: August 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence-based computer aided-detection (AI-CAD) for tuberculosis (TB) has become commercially available and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of AI-CAD for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in clinical settings. However, little is known about its applicability to community-based active case-finding (ACF) for TB.
Methods
We analysed an anonymized dataset obtained from a community-based ACF in Cambodia, targeting persons aged 55 years or over, persons with any TB symptoms such as chronic cough, and persons at risk of TB including household contacts. All of the participants in the ACF were screened by chest radiography (CXR) by Cambodian doctors, followed by Xpert test when they were eligible for sputum examination. Interpretation by an experienced chest physician and abnormality scoring by a newly developed AI-CAD were retrospectively conducted for the CXR images. With a reference of Xpert-positive TB or human interpretations, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the AI-CAD performance by area under the ROC curve (AUROC). In addition, its applicability to community-based ACFs in Cambodia was examined.
Results
TB scores of the AI-CAD were significantly associated with the CXR classifications as indicated by the severity of TB disease, and its AUROC as the bacteriological reference was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.89). Using a threshold for triage purposes, the human reading and bacteriological examination needed fell to 21% and 15%, respectively, detecting 95% of Xpert-positive TB in ACF. For screening purposes, we could detect 98% of Xpert-positive TB cases.
Conclusion
AI-CAD is applicable to community-based ACF in high TB burden settings where experienced human readers for CXR images are scarce. The use of AI-CAD in developing countries has the potential to expand CXR screening in community-based ACFs, with a substantial decrease in the workload on human readers and laboratory labour. Further studies are needed to generalize the results to other countries by increasing the sample size and comparing the AI-CAD performance with that of more human readers.
Impact of Stress hyperglycemia on Long-Term Prognosis in Acute Pancreatitis without diabetes
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Xiaoyuan , lv Yingqi , Hou Jiaying , Zhang Chi , Su Xianghui , Li Ling
Published: August 2023

Background
Stress hyperglycemia has been confirmed as a strong predictor of poor short-term prognosis in acute pancreatitis. However, whether stress hyperglycemia affects the long-term prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of stress hyperglycemia on the long-term prognosis of non-diabetic patients with acute pancreatitis.
Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted on 4055 patients with acute pancreatitis from 1 January 2016 to 31 October 2020. The association between Stress hyperglycemia and the prognosis was evaluated using regression modeling.
Results
There were 935(71.5%) normoglycemic and 373(28.5%) Stress hyperglycemia patients. 46(12.3%) patients with Stress hyperglycemia had evidence of diabetes compared with 33(3.5%) patients without stress hyperglycemia (P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, patients with Stress hyperglycemia were more likely to have evidence of diabetes (OR 2.905, 95% CI 1.688–4.999) compared with normoglycemic. However, Stress hyperglycemia is not associated with the recurrence of pancreatitis and progression to chronic pancreatitis.
Conclusions
Stress hyperglycemia was independently associated with diabetes secondary to acute pancreatitis. Accordingly, a follow-up diabetes-screening program for AP with stress hyperglycemia is an important part of identifying the disease as soon as possible, delaying islet damage, and improving the prognosis of post-acute pancreatitis diabetes mellitus.
Validation of Gestational Weight Gain Records on South Carolina Birth Certificate Data
Authors: Momodu Oluwatosin A. , Horner Ronnie D. , Liu Jihong , Crouch Elizabeth , Chen Brian
Published: August 2023

Objective
To examine the accuracy of gestational weight gain (GWG) reported on birth certificates (BCs) in comparison with electronic medical records (EMRs), the gold standard.
Methods
BC data and EMR data were from a random sample of pregnant women who enrolled in CenteringPregnancy program, a type of group-based prenatal care, at three obstetric clinics in South Carolina between 2015 and 2019 (n = 206). Retrospective review of EMR data on patients’ prepregnancy BMI and GWG according to 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines was conducted. Analyses involved summarizing the variables by their mean and mean differences per data source, and then calculating percent-weighted agreement and kappa statistics.
Results
The mean values of BMI, delivery weight and total weight gain were similar between BC and EMRs. Data correlation for variables was high for both data sources (height: r = 0.94, prepregnancy weight: r = 0.93, prepregnancy BMI: r = 0.92, delivery weight: r = 0.96, total weight gain: r = 0.60). The BCs slightly underestimated the proportion of women in the normal-weight BMI category but overestimated the proportion in the overweight BMI category. Additionally, BCs slightly overestimated women with inadequate GWG and underestimated those with excessive GWG. Overall, the BC and EMR data were in agreement regarding prepregnancy BMI (weighted-agreement = 90%, Kappa = 0.78) and GWG categories (weighted-agreement = 84%, Kappa = 0.63).
Conclusion
BC estimates of prepregnancy BMI and GWG categories were similar to those recorded in the EMRs. The South Carolina BC database is a valid database for gestational weight and can provide reasonable estimates for the state in the evaluation of the CenteringPregnancy program.
Neuromarketing applied to communication as neurocommunication in WOS: bibliometric reviews and a guide to the first twenty years of the 21st century, from 2001 to 2020
Authors: González-Morales Antonio , Muñoz-Leiva Francisco , Sánchez-González Hada , Fernández-Páramo Elena , Aranda-Cuenca María Inmaculada , Gómez-Plaza Alicia , García-Rivera Isadora , Ovando-Gil María
Published: August 2023

The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric study on the scientific publications on neuromarketing applied to communication as neurocommunication that have been indexed in the WOS database, from the year 2001 to the year 2020 (inclusive). Initially, a search was carried out in said database with the terms neurocommunication, neuromarketing and consumer neuroscience, filtering the last two terms with the word neurocommunication, to later carry out a basic bibliometric study. Subsequently, the articles that effectively dealt with neuroscience applied to the evaluation of business communication, whether external or internal, were selected and a brief description of them was made. It is hoped that it will be a document that serves as a practical guide for readers who wish to get a global idea of the existing knowledge in WOS about this new neurodiscipline and that will help them select the papers that may interest them if they so wish to get started in this area of knowledge or if you are looking for the procedure to perform a particular type of experiment with any neurocomunication techniques.
Facial Reconstruction of a Deformed Skull from the Roman Period of Juliopolis
Authors: Sertalp Evren , Moraes Cicero , Bütün Erge
Published: August 2023

The use of digital technologies in archaeological research has become considerably more widespread in recent years. While the earliest records of the use of electronic data in archaeology date from the 1950s and 1960s, the field has kept growing with the increasing interest in digital tools such as digital photography, three-dimensional imaging, GIS, virtual and artificial reality applications, CAD and facial reconstruction. Such digitization practices are used frequently for documenting, record keeping, and preserving and representing the data recovered from archaeological contexts, and are linked to other fields, such as cultural heritage studies and museology. Facial reconstruction is used to recreate the faces of individual from the past using their skeletal remains. It has been practiced for different reasons in the fields of forensics, anthropology, and archaeology. This study focuses on the facial reconstruction of a skull unearthed from Juliopolis. The reason for choosing this skull in this study is that it is the first and only known deformed skull dated to the Roman period in Anatolia. For the facial reconstruction application, authors created a 3D modelling of the skull by photogrammetry. Then, the missing parts of the skull are completed using the virtual donor library. The results are presented in different forms, as grayscale, in colour with eyes closed or open. Also, the type of deformation is demonstrated in the skull. The benefit of facial reconstruction is especially important since it is a way of preserving and presenting archaeological and anthropological data.
Clinical evolution and mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia treated with Remdesivir in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of Paraguay
Authors: Figueredo Jessica , López Lorena Fontclara , Leguizamon Belinda Figueredo , Samudio Margarita , Pederzani Marcelo , Apelt Federico Valentin Fretes , Añazco Patricia , Caballero Ricardo , Bianco Hugo
Published: August 2023

Background: The health crisis due to Covid-19 led to the search for therapeutics that could improve the evolution of the disease. Remdesivir, an antiviral that interferes with viral replication, was one of the first to be used for the treatment of this pathology.
Objective: To determine clinical course and mortality of patients with severe SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir, in comparison of those who didn't receive the medication.
Patients and methods: Retrospective cohort study, with medical records review of COVID‐19 patients, between August 2020 and August 2021. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who received remdesivir before or after admission to intensive care and those who didn’t. The primary outcome variable was mortality in intensive care.
Results: Of 214 subjects included, 109 (50,9%) received remdesivir. The median of days for the drug administration was 8 (2-20), IQR: 3. The bivariate analysis prove that the use of remdesivir was related with lower risk of develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (p = 0,019; OR: 0,521) and lower requirement of mechanical ventilation (p=0,006; OR:0,450). Additionally, patients treated with remdesivir develop less kidney failure (p=0,009; OR: 0,441). There was a total of 82 deaths, 29 (26,6%) in the remdesivir group and 53 (50,5%) in the control group [p <0,001; OR: 0,356 (0,201-0,630)]. All the risk factors associated with mortality in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the use of remdesivir remained associated as an independent protective factor to mortality (p=0.034; OR: 0.429).
Conclusion: Critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir had a lower risk of death and need for mechanical ventilation and develop less ARDS as compared to the control group. No differences were found in the presentation of adverse effects.
High doses of cannabidiol induce neurotoxicity in cell culture systems
Authors: Romariz Simone A. A. , Sanabria Viviam , Silva Karina Ribeiro da , Quintella Miguel L. , de Melo Bruna A.G. , Porcionatto Marimélia , de Almeida Danilo Candido , Longo Beatriz M.
Published: August 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids are potentially effective in treating various neurological conditions, and cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most studied compounds, has been proposed as a non-toxic option. However, the adverse effects of CBD on neurodevelopmental processes have rarely been studied in cell culture systems. To gain a better understanding of CBD's impact on neuraldevelopment, we exposed neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to different concentrations of CBD (1 µM, 5 µM, and 10 µM) and investigated the morphology, migration, differentiation, cell death, and gene expression in 2D and 3D bioprinted models. Our results showed that CBD was more toxic at higher concentrations (5 µM and 10 µM) and affected the viability of NPCs than at lower concentration (1µM), in both 2D and 3D models. Moreover, our study identified that higher concentrations of CBD drastically reduced the size of neurospheres and the number of NPC within neurospheres, impaired the morphology and mobility of neurons and astrocytes after differentiation, and reduced neurite sprouting. Interestingly, we also found that CBD alters cellular metabolism by influencing the expression of glycolytic and β-oxidative enzymes in the early and late stages of metabolic pathways. Therefore, our study, demonstrated that higher concentrations of CBD promote important changes in cellular functions that are crucial during CNS development.
Cu/Gd co-doped hydroxyapatite/PLGA composites enhance MRI imaging and bone defect regeneration
Authors: Lu Lu Wei , Xia Xin , Ma Yihang , He Hongtao , Don O Kikkawa , Zhang lu , Zhang Bo , Xiangji Liu Xiangji Liu
Published: August 2023

Background The hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) composite material is one of the most widely used orthopedic implant materials with good biocompatibility and plasticity. In recent years, cation doping has increased the number of its possible biological applications. Conventional HA/PLGA composite cannot be observed using X-rays after implantation in vivo and does not lead to good osteogenic induction results. Cu can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while Gd can effectively enhance the magnetic resonance imaging ability of materials.Methods In this study, a Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite was prepared to explore whether the introduction of Cu and Gd into a HA/PLGA composite could enhance the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts, the in vivo bone defect repair ability, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics.Results The characterization of materials confirmed that the Cu/Gd@HA has HA morphology and crystal structure. The Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite material has excellent nuclear magnetic imaging ability, porosity and hydrophilicity, which can promote cell adhesion and implant detection.The results of in vitro experiments confirmed that the Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite enhanced the proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion ability of MC3T3-E1 cells and upregulated the expression of COL-1 and BMP-2 at the gene and protein levels. In vivo, the Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite still showed good T1-weighted MRI abilities and effectively enhanced the bone defect healing rate in rats.Conclusion These findings indicate that the Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites can effectively improve the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ability of the materials, promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro, and increase the rate of bone defect healing in vivo.
Tannic acid treatment of natural fibers and its effect on moisture absorption and mechanical properties of subsequent composites
Authors: Butt Muhammad Shoaib , Shaker Khubab , Asghar Muhammad Ayub , Abbas Adeel
Published: August 2023

Composite materials enduring the rising needs of modern era have gained significant market share. However, the environmental burdens caused by the excessive consumption of synthetic material has become a crucial constraint. Natural fiber reinforced composites having biodegradable nature are being focused nowadays to make chain sustainable. Though reducing the performance gap between synthetic and natural fiber reinforcements always remains an area of interest. Natural fibers modifications are being performed using various treatments. Hence the study focused on analyzing influence of tannic acid treatment on moisture absorption and mechanical characteristics of flax and jute reinforced composites. Three different tannic acid concentrations were employed with two different processing times to check the effect of such treatment parameters. FTIR spectroscopy revealed attachment of aromatic rings and carbon double bond formation in the composites serving for properties enhancement. However, the mechanical properties elevated up to an optimum limit of concentration and processing time i.e., 1% concentration and 30 minutes of processing time were found feasible in obtaining viable tensile, flexural, and impact characteristics.
Zenith sky brightness, stellar and planets visibility during lunar eclipses at Kottamia Observatory
Authors: Aboushelib Mohamed F. , Nawar S. , Morcos A.B. , Shalabiea O. M. , Awad Z.
Published: August 2023

Observations of sky brightness at zenith during the total lunar eclipse of July 27th, 2018 and partial lunar eclipse of July 16th, 2019 were carried out at Kottamia Observatory site in Egypt using a Sky Quality Meter photometer. A variation of the zenith sky brightness with time was observed with average values of 20.3 and 19.44 magSQM/arcsec2 at the maximum eclipse of the total and partial lunar eclipses, respectively. The visibility of stars and planets during different phases of the two eclipses are discussed.
The present results of the total lunar eclipse are compared with those obtained during the total lunar eclipse of April 14th, 2014, the total solar eclipse of March 9th, 2016 and the total lunar eclipse of January 2019. We found similarities in the variation in the sky brightness during the different phases of the eclipses with respect to the different sites and atmospheric conditions.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) among Indonesian adolescents
Authors: Haywood Sharon , Garbett Kirsty M , Craddock Nadia , Hayes Chloe , Saraswati L Ayu , Nasution Kholisah , Medise Bernie Endyarni , Vitoratou Silia , Diedrichs Phillippa C
Published: August 2023

Background
Although mental health issues among Indonesian adolescents are of growing concern, a psychometrically valid measure of affect in Indonesia to inform related research and prevention and treatment efforts does not exist.
Methods
The present study’s aim was to culturally adapt and validate the widely used Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) among Indonesian adolescents. The original 30-item PANAS-C in English underwent forward and back translations to Bahasa Indonesia (the national language of Indonesia) followed by cognitive interviews with private and public school students ages 12–15 (n = 18). The adapted PANAS-C and measures to assess convergent validity were completed by 704 Indonesian adolescents from Greater Jakarta and the Javanese city of Surabaya (Mage = 13.56, SD = 0.906) (56.96% girls; 42.75% boys; 0.28% other). Most participants identified their ethnicity as Javanese (72.59%), Betawi (8.24%), or Sundanese (3.41%).
Results
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which resulted in 26 items with a two-factor structure consistent with the original PANAS-C: A 12-item Positive Affect subscale and a 14-item Negative Affect subscale. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the Positive Affect subscale (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88; McDonald’s omega was 0.88) and excellent for the Negative Affect subscale, (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90; McDonald’s omega was 0.89). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for all items, and convergent validity was confirmed by significant correlations with measures of distress and well-being.
Conclusion
The adapted PANAS-C was found to be a reliable and valid measure of positive and negative affect that can be used with Indonesian adolescent girls and boys. This is the first validated measure of positive and negative affect for young people in Indonesia, which fills a need in mental health research and practice.
MyData Cloud: Secure Cloud Architecture for Strengthened Control Over Personal Data
Authors: Heo Seungmin , Kwon Yonghee , Kim Beomjoong , Jeon Kiseok , Lee Junghee
Published: August 2023

MyData is a personal data management approach that allows data subjects to control their data and service providers to utilize it. The data subjects can decide how to use and where to provide their data. With the explicit consent of the participants, service providers can collect scattered data from data sources and offer personalized services based on the collected data. MyData services are commercialized using two main approaches: the operator and device models. In the operator model, a centralized data controller collects the personal data of all data subjects. In the device model, a data controller located on the personal device collects the personal data of only one subject. Personal data from both models are provided to the data processors with the explicit consent of the data subjects. However, in practice, tracing and controlling personal data are difficult for subjects once it is transferred to third-party processors. In this paper, we propose a cloud model in which personal data are collected and processed only in the cloud. As both the data controllers and processors are hosted on a cloud, personal data remains confined to the cloud. However, a data breach could endanger all the data. The threat analysis showed that cloud-only approaches could not reduce this risk. We propose a cloud- device cooperative architecture that minimizes data leakage by encrypting personal data using a key managed by a user device. This architecture poses a similar level of risk to the device model while allowing data subjects to easily control their data.
A new (p, q)− rung orthopair fuzzy SIR method with a multi-criteria decision making approach
Authors: Shahzadi Gulfam , Luqman Anam , Shahzadi Sundas , Deveci Muhammet
Published: August 2023

In comparison to Fermatean, Pythagorean, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy sets have a wider range of displaying membership grades and can therefore provide with more confusing situations. The accuracy of (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy numbers is investigated using sine trigonometric functions. First, the (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy data are extended to the sine trigonometric operational laws (STOLs). In order to aggregate the (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy data, a number of additional aggregation operators are offered, based on the STOLs that are put forth. We also go over some of the features of these aggregation operators and examine how the various operators relate to one another. These operators are also used to create a mechanism for multi-attribute decision-making for (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy numbers. A variation of the well-known PROMETHEE approach that can be more effective in handling multi-attribute decision-making problems (MADM) is the superiority and inferiority ranking (SIR) method. In this study, we suggest a novel (p; q)—rung orthopair fuzzy SIR approach to address the uncertainty group MADM problem. This strategy handles unclear information, incorporates individual perspectives into group viewpoints, makes conclusions based on many criteria, and ultimately structures a specific decision map. The suggested method is demonstrated in a simulation of a situation involving group decision-making and the choice of the best journal.
Multiscale modelling of fluid transport in vascular tumours subjected to electrophoresis anti-cancer therapies
Authors: Fülöp Zita Borbála , Penta Raimondo , Ramírez-Torres Ariel
Published: August 2023

Electrophoresis facilitated cancer treatment has demonstrated experimental efficacy in enhancing drug delivery within vascularised tumours. However, the lack of realistic mathematical models with direct measurements in the context of eletrochemotheraphy poses a challenge. We investigate the impact of an applied electric potential on the flow of Darcian-type fluid occurring in two distinct phases: the tumour and healthy regions. We employ the asymptotic homogenisation technique, assuming that the macroscale of the tumour domain is larger than the microscale characterised by vessel heterogenities. We retain information about the microstructure by encoding information in the homogenised coefficients. We take into account both vascularisation and the microscale variations of the leading order and fine scale electric potential. The resulting effective differential problem reads as a Darcy-type system of PDEs, where the flow is driven by an effective source. The novel model can be used to predict the effect of an applied electric field on cancerous biological tissues, paving a new way of improving current electrochemotherapy protocols.
Fragmentation Analysis to Quantify the Changes in Forest Cover after the Massive Rohingya Refugee Influx in Bangladesh
Authors: Mitra Juthi Rani , Ahmed Tanzia Tasneem
Published: August 2023

This study aims to quantify the changes in forest cover in the Rohingya refugee camp areas after the highest influx of refugees. Rohingya refugee migration in 2017 broke the previous records when hundreds of thousands of people fled to Bangladesh with the hope of saving their lives. To respond to this humanitarian emergency, densely populated Bangladesh had few choices other than to clear a forest area to make temporary shelters for Rohingya refugees. Hence, this study applied land use land cover classification techniques, and fragmentation analysis to detect and quantify the changes occurred because of sudden migration. Sentinel 2 images for 2016 and 2022 were classified into four classes: Forest, Water, Agriculture/Open field, and Settlement. Moreover, considering spatial aspects, landscape patterns were analyzed based on seven class-level metrics and two landscape-level metrics. From 2016 to 2022, results showed a decline in total forest areas from 1581 to 737.01 hectares, whereas settlement areas increased (3.71 to 63.09%) dramatically after the establishment of new camps. An increase in the number of patches (804 to 2642), patch density (32.2 to 105.83), and division index (0.81 to 0.99) for the Forest class indicates that the forest area became more fragmented in 2022 than in 2016. In addition, landscape-level metrics revealed an increase in the number of patches, and patch densities also exhibited fragmented landscape in 2022. Over the last six years, the establishment of refugee camps has noticeably changed the landscape and created adverse effects on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystem balance.
Factors influencing the joint practice of evidence-based medicine and shared decision-making: A qualitative study of junior doctors and consultants
Authors: Simons Mary , Fisher Georgia , Spanos Samantha , Zurynski Yvonne , Davidson Andrew , Stoodley Marcus , Rapport Frances , Ellis Louis A.
Published: August 2023

Evidence based medicine (EBM) and shared decision making (SDM) are traditionally taught separately in health sciences education. However, recognition is gradually increasing for the importance of EBM training that includes SDM, whereby practitioners incorporate all steps of EBM, including person-centred decision making using SDM. Yet little progress has been made in understanding whether training that integrates EBM and SDM (EBM-SDM) can benefit junior doctors, and the factors that may influence this. We developed and ran a series of EBM-SDM courses for junior doctors within a private healthcare setting, which had protected time for educational activities. Using an emergent qualitative design, we first conducted pre- and post-course interviews with 12 junior doctors to describe the influence of an EBM-SDM course on their attitudes and practice of both EBM and SDM, and the barriers and facilitators to the integrated practice of EBM and SDM. We then conducted interviews with ten of the supervising consultants to understand their influence on junior doctors’ EBM-SDM learning and practice. From thematic analysis medical hierarchy, time factors, and lack of prior training were deemed barriers by junior doctors, whilst the private healthcare setting and supportive consultants were considered facilitators to the learning and practice of EBM-SDM. Junior doctors appreciated EBM-SDM training that involved patient participation and intended to improve their skills in person-centred decision-making including SDM. These findings suggest that future medical education and research should include training opportunities focused on EBM-SDM, and strategies to overcome barriers to the implementation of EBM-SDM learning and practice.
Integration analysis of miRNA-mRNA pairs between two contrasting genotypes reveals the molecular mechanism of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) response to high-temperature stress
Authors: Jin Juan , Yang Lei , Fan Dingyu , Li Lili , Hao Qing
Published: August 2023

With global warming, high temperature (HT) has become one of the most common abiotic stresses resulting in significant yield losses in crops, especially for jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) which is an important temperate economic crop cultivated worldwide. This study explored the coping mechanism of jujube to HT stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. High-throughput sequencing analyses of miRNA and mRNA were performed on jujube leaves which were collected from “Fucumi” (heat-tolerant) and “Junzao” (heat-sensitive) cultivars subjected to HT stress (42℃) for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. The results showed that 45 known miRNAs, 482 novel miRNAs and 13884 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, integrated analysis of miRNA target genes prediction and mRNA-seq obtained 1306 differentially expressed miRNAs-mRNAs pairs, including 484, 769, and 865 DEMIs-DEMs pairs discovered in “Fucuimi”, “Junzao” and two genotypes comparative groups, respectively. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of 1306 DEMs revealed that plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, spliceosome, and plant hormone signal transduction were crucial pathways in jujube leaves response to HT stress. This study further proved the regulatory role of miRNAs in the response to HT stress in plants and will provide a theoretical foundation for the innovation and cultivation of heat-tolerant varieties.
A three-dimensional functional data geometric morphometrics approach for exploring shape variation
Authors: Pillay Aneesha Balachandran , Dabo-Niang Sophie , Pathmanathan Dharini
Published: August 2023

This research introduces a new method for analysing shape variation for 3D landmark coordinate data, called functional data geometric morphometrics (FDGM). FDGM uses functional data analysis (FDA) to treat landmark coordinates as continuous curves or functions. This allows for a more exhaustive description and analysis of shape variation compared to geometric morphometrics (GM), which treats landmark coordinates as discrete points. A simulation study was conducted to demonstrate the general effectiveness of FDGM compared to the GM. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to both the landmark coordinates and the functional form of the landmark coordinates. The analyses favoured FDGM. The reconstruction error for FDGM was smaller when smoothed data was considered in generating the data. FDGM and GM were then applied to distinguish dietary categories of kangaroos (omnivores, mixed feeders, browser, and grazer) using landmarks obtained from crania of 41 kangaroo extant species. The results demonstrate that FDGM is a powerful method for analysing shape variation in 3D landmark coordinate data. FDGM can substantially enhance the domain of morphometrics, providing a valuable resource for driving future progress within this realm.
Corrosion and wear performance of Si face of single-crystal SiC based on metal electrochemical corrosion
Authors: Hu Da , Lu Jiabin , Luo Yingrong , Yan Qiusheng , Luo Ziyuan
Published: August 2023

Herein, we proposed a chemical mechanical polishing method for single-crystal SiC based on metal electrochemical corrosion and investigated the corrosion and wear performance of the Si face of single-crystal SiC. By comparing the corrosion performance of Al, Cu, and Fe metals on the Si face in a Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, it was found that only Al can generate a noticeable corrosion layer. The EDS and XPS analyses of the Si face confirmed that the corrosion is due to the formation of the SiO2 layer. Frictional wear experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of solution composition on the wear behavior of Si face. Increasing the concentration of the Na2SO4 electrolyte solution resulted in higher wear, with a maximum wear value of 7.19 µm2 obtained in 1 mol/L Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. In an acidic corrosive solution, the Si face exhibited the highest material removal, with a wear value of 11.97 µm2 achieved at pH 3. The material removal mechanism of single-crystal SiC via metal electrochemical corrosion involved the corrosive reaction involving Al at the cathode, which generated a corrosion current, and the subsequent oxidation of the SiC surface at the anode, forming a SiO2 oxide layer leading to material removal.
Identification of key extracellular proteins as biomarkers for prediction and assessment of preeclampsia
Authors: Ran Xiaoxia , Xue Qing , Zhang Miaoxian , Ye Haowen , Jiang Junxiu , Chen Xiangli , Zeng Xiongying , Li Meng
Published: August 2023

Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and neonatal death, and its pathogenesis is related to extracellular proteins (EPs) secreted by the placenta. However, there are no objective indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of PE. We hope to contribute to the clinical work by studying the role of extracellular proteins in PE.
Methods
Differential expression analysis and WGCNA were used to preliminary screening the extracellular proteins and differential expression genes (EP-DEGs). Machine learning algorithms were used to further identify key EP-DEGs. GO and KEGG were used to analyze the function and pathway of EP-DEGs. Immune infiltration, ROC curve and correlation analyses were performed to assess EP-DEGs and immune cells, diagnostic and prognostic abilities respectively.
Results
245 up-regulated and 233 down-regulated DEGs in GSE75010 were found and four thousand and six EPs were gained from HPA and Uniprot. 172 EP-DEGs were selected from the intersection of DEGs and EP. 5 genes (FSTL3, FLNB, P4HA1, CST6, EFNB1) were defined as the hub EP-DEGs by taking intersection of 6 candidate genes from Lasso regression algorithm and the top 10 most important genes from RF algorithm.
Conclusion
This study identified 5 key genes in PE and performed ROC curve and correlation analyses, indicating that EPs play important roles in signaling, cell adhesion, inflammation and immune response in PE.
ARID1B maintains mesenchymal stem cell quiescence via inhibition of BCL11B-mediated non-canonical Activin signaling
Authors: Chai Yang , Zhang Mingyi , Guo Tingwei , Pei Fei , Feng Jifan , Jing Junjun , Xu Jian , Yamada Takahiko , Du Jiahui , Ho Thach-Vu , Sehgal Prerna
Published: August 2023

ARID1B haploinsufficiency in humans causes Coffin-Siris syndrome, associated with developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability. The role of ARID1B has been widely studied in neuronal development, but whether it also regulates stem cells remains unknown. Here, we employ scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to dissect the regulatory functions and mechanisms of ARID1B within mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using the mouse incisor model. We reveal that loss of Arid1b in the GLI1+ MSC lineage disturbs MSCs’ quiescence and leads to their proliferation due to the ectopic activation of non-canonical Activin signaling via p-ERK. Furthermore, loss of Arid1bupregulates Bcl11b, which encodes a BAF complex subunit that modulates non-canonical Activin signaling by directly regulating the expression of activin A subunit, Inhba. Reduction of Bcl11b or non-canonical Activin signaling restores the MSC population in Arid1b mutant mice. Notably, we have identified that ARID1B suppresses Bcl11b expression via specific binding to its third intron, unveiling the direct inter-regulatory interactions among BAF subunits in MSCs. Our results demonstrate the vital role of ARID1B as an epigenetic modifier in maintaining MSC homeostasis and reveal its intricate mechanistic regulatory network in vivo, providing novel insights into the linkage between chromatin remodeling and stem cell fate determination.
Hidden Information Discovery in the JWST Selfie Through Statistical Separation of Outliers
Authors: Banerjee Shataneek , Ghosh Amardip , Dey Avijit , Pal Prasanta
Published: August 2023

The ability of a recently developed, computational filter to reveal hidden information in images is demonstrated by applying it to a selfie image of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Data is decontaminated by the filter through an iterative, parametrically tuned sequence of operations involving the conditional flagging of outliers, followed by the curation of the flagged pixels. Every iteration produces a decontaminated image and an outlier image, till the sequence converges asymptotically producing a final decontaminated image that represents the ground-truth as accurately as possible. The intermediate outlier images are shown to contain a wealth of information about the original image. An iteration-by-iteration approach of deriving insight out of the intermediate outlier images is described. This is in sharp contrast to traditional filtering methods that discard outliers causing irreversible loss of information contained therein. The effect of kernel size on detecting outliers at different length scales is also demonstrated. The study indicates that by cascading through properly chosen kernel sizes and thresholds, the filter can not only produce a sanitized version of a raw image but can also reveal a wealth of information hidden in the input image at all possible scales.
Prevalence and factors associated with placental malaria in Lira District, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Epuitai Joshua , Ndeezi Grace , Nabirye Rose Chalo , Kabiri Lydia , Mukunya David , Tumuhamye Josephine , Oguttu Faith , Tumwine James K
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Malaria has stable perennial transmission across Uganda. Placental malaria is associated with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The magnitude and the factors associated with placental malaria are poorly studied in our setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of placental malaria and to explore associated factors among parturient women in Lira District, Uganda.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study among 366 pregnant women who delivered at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, obstetric characteristics, and malaria preventive practices of the participants. Standard Diagnostic Bioline Rapid Diagnostic Tests were used to detect placental malaria present in the placental blood. We used microscopy to quantify the severity of placental malaria infection and multivariable Odds ratios were used to report associations between selected independent variables and placental malaria.
Results
The prevalence of placental malaria was 16/366 (4.4%). Microscopy revealed 13% (2/16) moderate severity and 31% (5/16) mild severity of malaria parasitaemia. Women aged less than 20 years (AOR 3.483, 95% CI 1.131–10.726), and those not taking iron supplements during pregnancy (AOR = 3.548, 95% CI = 1.022–12.315) were associated with an increased likelihood of having placental malaria parasitaemia at the time of birth. Uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent prevention of malaria during pregnancy and low parity were not associated with placental malaria.
Conclusion
Nearly, one in every 22 women had placental malaria infection at the time of delivery. Placental malaria infection was associated with younger age and not taking iron supplements during pregnancy.
Developing the “Language Profile Test” for Greek Students aged 11-15 Years.
Authors: Thoma Ralia
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses the development of the “Language Profile Test,” a tool for assessing the underlying component skills of reading fluency and comprehension for students aged 11–15 in the context of Greek as L1. The test consists of five subtests: three reading subtests (isolated words, pseudowords, and text), spelling (single-word spelling), comprehension, and vocabulary (cloze test). The paper aims to present the development of the test, which was based on previous research on lexical representations, specialized corpora, word-frequency lists, and cloze tests as a measure of vocabulary assessment and comprehension, reading fluency, and spelling. Special emphasis has been given to the asymmetry in the transparency of Greek orthography between the feedforward (reading) and feedback (spelling) directions that were considered for the test creation. The “Language Profile Test” was tested on a sample of 346 students. Our findings revealed that students fell into three performance categories for each subtest: high, average, and low. This classification can give teachers more insights into students’ challenges regarding the underlying components of reading fluency and comprehension.
COMPARISON OF HYPERBARIC LEVOBUPIVACAINE/ BUPIVACAINE FOR CESEREAN SECTION
Authors:   Professor H.G in Anaesthesia, Narendra Modi Medical Collage, Ahmedabad., Kapdi Manisha , Shah Vandana ,   Associate Professor H.G in Anaesthesia, Narendra Modi Medical Collage, Ahmedabad., Soni Ekta ,   Associate Professor H.G in Anaesthesia, Narendra Modi Medical Collage, Ahmedabad., Bhagwani Dharmeshkumar ,   Tutor in Anaesthesia, Narendra Modi Medical Collage, Ahmedabad., Vaghamshi Kinjal ,   Ex Resident in Anaesthesia, Narendra Modi Medical Collage, Ahmedabad.
Published: August 2023

Background : Bupivacaine is the most popular local anesthetic agent in obstetric practice Levobupivacaine showed a lower risk of cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity compared to Bupivacaine The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of levobupivacaine compared with hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Methods: 60 pregnant women in ASA I - II group scheduled to have elective cesarean operation were allocated into the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. 10 mg levobupivacaine (0.5%) for Group L (n = 30) patients, 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) for B (n = 30) patients were intrathecally administrated a total of 2.0cc. Sensory and motor block characteristics of the groups were assessed with pinprick and Bromage scale observed hemodynamic changes and side effects were recorded. Results: The time to reach maximum dermatome for the sensory block, time to regression by two dermatomes and time to regress to T12 dermatome was found to be significantly long in Group B. It was observed that in Group B, the motor block was faster and lasted longer. Where as hypotension, bradycardia and nausea were less in Group L, the need for ephedrine was higher in Group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Since motor block time is shorter, and side effects like hypotension, bradycardia and nausea are less, levobupivacaine can be a good alternative in cesarean sections.
GENERAL SOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROJECTILE MOTION WITH AIR RESISTANCE
Authors:   The Arab Academic Institute of Education, Beit-Berl College, Kfar Saba 44905, Israel., Huleihil Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

In this study, two-dimensional projectile motion is considered under the effect of a general power law model of air resistance. Classically, a projectile is treated as a point mass with mass m moving in a uniform gravitational field. The projectile is launched from the ground with an angle Î± to horizon. the drag force is assumed to be proportional to the speed raised to the power n. The analysis of the problem is performed using Cartesian coordinates. A general exact parametrical solution (with respect to the angle of motion) is derived for any power n, following simple steps: 1) find the speed in the direction of the axis x (horizontal â€“ no gravity) 2) find the vertical component of the speed 3) find the time 4) find the horizontal position of the projectile and finally,5) find the vertical position of the projectile. Steps 1) and 2) give explicit closed form equations and the rest are given by exact integrals which can be solved numerically. In this study spreadsheet calculation are performed using trapezoidal rule of integration. The cases of motion in avacuum and linear drag law are used to check the accuracy of the numerical calculations.The importance of the proposed study is three-fold: a) The method of the derived solution is new, and couldnt be found elsewhere b) The derived equations make it possible to use spreadsheets for presenting the subject (no programming is required), and thus, serve as a tool to enhance teaching c) The derived equations are general for any power n thus, the same procedure could be used to find the position of the projectile at any time.
MENOPAUSE AND ITS TREATMENT IN HOMOEOPATHY
Authors:   HOD of OBG Dept. at Bakson HMC&Hospital, Greater Noida., Mukhi Gupta Chandra , Kanwar Manjeet ,   Dept of OBG at Bhargava Homoeopathic Medical College, Anand., Kant Singh Krishna ,   Dept of OBG at Shaheed Raja Hariprasad Mall, State Government Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Gorukhpur.
Published: August 2023

Menopause is a natural process in women life. It is not a disease. It is a natural part of aging. It marks the end of menstrual cycle. Menopause is also known as climacteric. Some women dont have any trouble. For other women, the menopausal transition can bring symptoms like hot flashes, trouble sleeping, and pain during sex, depression, moodiness, irritability, and low energy. There are many effective treatments available from lifestyle adjustments to hormone therapy. As new data shows that the commonly prescribed combination drug containing estrogen and progestin may cause more harm than good. Homoeopathy is effective alternative to HRT. Homoeopathic medicines have no side effects and can be safely given. Homoeopathic remedies serve as a catalyst. They kick start the bodys own appropriate production of hormones. Medicines strengthen the immune system to restore the health balance and sense of well being.
scSDSC: Self-supervised Deep Subspace Clustering for scRNA-seq Data
Authors: Zhao Jian-Ping , Yang Bo , Wang Hai-Yun , Zheng Chun-Hou
Published: August 2023

background:

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) data can identify heterogeneity between cells, thereby identifying cell types and discovering rare cell types. Clustering is often used to identify cell types, but the high noise and high dimension of scRNA-seq lead to the degradation of clustering performance and impact downstream analysis. Deep learning is widely used in this field, which provides promising performance in feature learning.

objective:

Most deep learning models only consider the relationship between genes, ignore the relationship between cells. We try to use the relationships between cells and the relationships between genes to construct clustering models.

method:

We proposed scSDSC: a deep subspace cluster architecture that considers the relationships between genes and cells at the same time. Similar to deep subspace clustering (DSC), we added a fully connected layer after the embedding layer to obtain the self-expression matrix. In addition, we also added a fully connected SoftMax layer to generate the pseudo-label and used the information carried by the pseudo-label for model training. Finally, the affinity matrix is obtained for spectral clustering.

result:

Experimental results on eight real datasets show that scSDSC outperforms existing methods in downstream analysis.

conclusion:

Our method plays an important role in improving clustering accuracy and downstream analysis.