bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architectural styles of curiosity in global Wikipedia mobile app readership
Authors: Zhou Dale , Patankar Shubhankar , Lydon-Staley David M. , Zurn Perry , Gerlach Martin , Bassett Dani S.
Published: October 2024

Intrinsically motivated information seeking is an expression of curiosity believed to be central to human nature. However, most curiosity research relies on small, Western convenience samples. Here, we analyze a naturalistic population of 482,760 readers using Wikipedia’s mobile app in 14 languages from 50 countries or territories. By measuring the structure of knowledge networks constructed by readers weaving a thread through articles in Wikipedia, we replicate two styles of curiosity previously identified in laboratory studies: the nomadic “busybody” and the targeted “hunter.” Further, we find evidence for another style—the “dancer”—which was previously predicted by a historico-philosophical examination of texts over two millennia and is characterized by creative modes of knowledge production. We identify associations, globally, between the structure of knowledge networks and population-level indicators of spatial navigation, education, mood, well-being, and inequality. These results advance our understanding of Wikipedia’s global readership and demonstrate how cultural and geographical properties of the digital environment relate to different styles of curiosity.
Atmospheric particulates over the northwestern Pacific during the late Holocene: Volcanism, dust, and human perturbation
Authors: Marx Samuel K. , Hooper James , Irino Tomohisa , Stromsoe Nicola , Saunders Krystyna M. , Seki Osamu , Dosseto Anthony , Johansen Andrea , Hua Quan , Dux Florian , Jacobsen Geraldine , Zawadzki Atun
Published: October 2024

Mineral aerosols form a key component of Earth’s dynamic biogeochemical systems, yet their composition and mass are variable in time. We reconstruct patterns in mineral aerosol flux from East Asia, the second largest global dust source, in a peat mire in northern Japan. Using geochemical fingerprinting, we show for the past ~3600 years that high but variable tephra flux dominated regional aerosol loads. A human signal was discernible as elevated pollutant metals, along with East Asian mainland dust, identifiable by its geochemical signature. After ~700 years before the present, dust flux increased as the westerly jet intensified and moved south, the summer monsoon strength reduced, and agriculture expanded. From the 20th century, dust flux increased by two times. Attributable largely to human activity, this demarks a major change in aerosol export to the northwestern Pacific with accompanying increases in fluxes for key micronutrients and increased pollution flux by 16 times.
Continental crustal growth in the post-collisional setting: Insights from the Late Triassic high-Mg andesites in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhang Liying , Huang Feng , Xu Jifeng , Liu Xijun , Yang Xuli , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Man , Zeng Yunchuan , Zattin Massimiliano
Published: October 2024

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt represents the most important site of crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. However, the intricate evolution of multi-ocean regimes has given rise to uncertainties surrounding the processes of Mesozoic tectonic evolution and the dynamics of crustal growth. In this study, we conducted detailed geochronological and geochemical analyses of andesites collected from the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Zircon U-Pb dating results show that these andesites formed during the Late Triassic (ca. 235 Ma), and the Ti-in-zircon thermometer reveals high magma temperatures (>1100 °C) during their genesis. The elevated Mg# values at moderate SiO2 content of these Late Triassic andesites indicate an affinity with high-Mg andesites (HMAs). Notably, the andesites exhibit relatively low K2O/Na2O ratios, high Sr/Y ratios, significant depletion of Nb and Ta, and trace element patterns resembling typical HMAs from the western Aleutian Islands. These characteristics suggest that they likely originated from the partial melting of subducted eclogite. Furthermore, the HMAs display relatively high zircon εHf(t) values and depleted whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, which is indicative of a depleted mantle source. Therefore, we propose that these andesites were generated through the interaction of the subducting slab–derived melts and overlying mantle wedge. Considering that the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean took place before the Late Triassic, these andesites probably erupted in a post-collisional setting. The formation of these HMAs could be best explained by the upwelling asthenosphere triggered by the break-off of the oceanic slab, which also contributed to continental crustal growth in Northeast China.
Intramyocardial right ventricular hydatid cyst in a young female with typical radiological features
Authors: Kumari Madhuri , Tekkali Kundhan Pavan Kumar , Prasad Surya Nandan , Meena Anamika
Published: October 2024

We report a rare case of isolated cardiac involvement by hydatid disease in a young female patient, who presented with a recent onset of chest pain and discomfort. The radiological investigations showed an intramyocardial hydatid cyst in the right ventricle-free wall, protruding into the right ventricular cavity. The lesion exhibited characteristic MRI findings of crumpled serpiginous detached membranes within it and delayed peripheral enhancement on dynamic postcontrast late-phase MRIs. The positive hydatid serology consolidated the imaging findings. The patient underwent surgical excision of the hydatid cyst.
Cholecystocolonic fistula: an incidental intraoperative discovery managed laparoscopically
Authors: Thariq Ajmal Imran , Anand Felix , Selvam Pavithra , Muralidhar Venkiteswaran
Published: October 2024

Cholecystoenteric fistula is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, occurring in 3%–5% of patients with cholelithiasis. The symptoms are typically minimal and vague, with either acute or subacute presentations, rarely leading to bowel obstruction, and occasionally manifesting as chronic abdominal pain. In this case, a male patient in his early 30s presented with epigastric and right hypochondrial pain. On evaluation, he was diagnosed with gallstone disease and adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a cholecystocolonic fistula was unexpectedly discovered. The fistula was managed laparoscopically using ENDOLOOP (prelooped chromic catgut ligature) ligation of the fistulous tract. The patient recovered without complications and was discharged on the third postoperative day. This case emphasises the importance of intraoperative vigilance and demonstrates a successful minimally invasive management approach.
Unilateral hemichorea and hemiballismus in a woman in her late 70s
Authors: Herath Tharuka Milinda , Ahmed Faraaz , Saleh May , Nithi Kannan
Published: October 2024

Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterised by involuntary, brief, random and irregular contractions. Acquired chorea can present acutely or subacutely and may be asymmetrical or unilateral. A detailed history and examination are crucial to identify triggering factors and underlying cause. In this case, a woman in her late 70s presented with progressively increasing involuntary movements in her right upper and lower limbs, triggered by active movements but ceasing with rest. Her medical history included a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) 3 years prior. Examination revealed choreoathetoid movements on the right side, occasionally manifesting as ballismus, which disappeared with rest. MRI showed small areas of restricted diffusion in the left parietal lobe suggestive of a microbleed, and carotid duplex ultrasonography revealed significant stenosis in the left carotid artery. The differential diagnosis included secondary paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and limb-shaking TIA/haemodynamic factors. In this report, we discuss both these differentials and how to approach.
Targeting CDCP1 boost CD8+ T cells-mediated cytotoxicity in cervical cancer via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Mai Qiuwen , Zhang Chunyu , Du Qiqiao , Liao Yuandong , Qin Shuhang , Chen Yili , Huang Jiaming , Li Jie , Liu Tianyu , Zou Qiaojian , Zhou Yijia , Yuan Li , Wang Wei , Liang Yanchun , Pan Chao Yun , Liu Junxiu , Yao Shuzhong
Published: October 2024

Background

Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge. The identification of new immunotherapeutic targets may provide a promising platform for advancing cervical cancer treatment.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the role of CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) in cervical cancer progression and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods

We performed comprehensive analyses using patient cohorts and preclinical models to examine the association between CDCP1 expression and cervical cancer prognosis. Then in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models, we further investigated the impact of CDCP1 on the tumor immune microenvironment, focusing on its effects on tumor-infiltrating T cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistic studies were performed to elucidate the pathways involved in CDCP1-mediated immune modulation, in particular its interaction with the T cell receptor CD6 and the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Results

Our results show that CDCP1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and T cell infliction in cervical cancer. Specifically, it affects the activity of CTLs and Tregs. Mechanistically, CDCP1 binds to CD6 and inhibits the JAK-STAT pathway of T cells. The study further demonstrates that targeting CDCP1 with the inhibitor 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo and enhances antitumor immunity.

Conclusions

CDCP1 plays a critical role in cervical cancer progression by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Targeting CDCP1 offers a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of patients with cervical cancer.
SPI1+CD68+macrophages as a biomarker for gastric cancer metastasis: a rationale for combined antiangiogenic and immunotherapy strategies
Authors: Deng Guofei , Wang Pengliang , Su Rishun , Sun Xuezeng , Wu Zizhen , Huang Zhangsen , Gu Liang , Yu Hong , Zhao Zhenzhen , He Yulong , Huo Mingyu , Zhang Changhua , Yin Songcheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been demonstrated to be associated with tumor progression. However, the different subpopulations of TAMs and their roles in gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood. This study aims to assess the effects of Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1)+CD68+TAMs in GC.

Methods

The distribution of SPI1+CD68+TAMs in GC tissue was estimated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Single-cell transcriptome analysis and multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry were applied to explore the role of SPI1+CD68+TAMs in an immune contexture. SPI1 overexpression or knockdown cells were constructed to evaluate its role in macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to verify the mechanism of SPI1 transcriptional function. The effect of combined antiangiogenic and immunotherapy was further validated using mouse peritoneal metastasis models.

Results

Single-cell transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SPI1 was expressed in macrophages, with a higher enrichment in metastatic lesions than in primary tumors. Higher SPI1+CD68+TAMs infiltration was associated with poor overall survival. Mechanically, SPI1 promoted the M2-type macrophage polarization. SPI1 could bind to the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor A and facilitate angiogenesis. Moreover, the level of SPI1+CD68+TAMs infiltration was closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy, especially when combined with antiangiogenic therapy.

Conclusions

The present study showed that SPI1+CD68+TAMs are a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis, antiangiogenic drug sensitivity, and combination target of immunotherapy in patients with GC.
Leveraging mitochondrial-programmed cell death dynamics to enhance prognostic accuracy and immunotherapy efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Lianmin , Cui Yanan , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Zhenfa , Zhang Pengpeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, posing significant challenges to accurate prognosis prediction. Mitochondria play a central role in the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells and can influence programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms, which are critical in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic significance of the interplay between mitochondrial function and PCD in LUAD requires further investigation.

Methods

We analyzed data from 1231 LUAD patients across seven global cohorts to develop a mitochondrial-related PCD signature (MPCDS) using machine learning. Validation was done using six immunotherapy cohorts (LUAD, melanoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; n=935) and a pan-cancer cohort of 21 tumor types. An in-house LUAD tissue cohort (n=100) confirmed the prognostic significance of nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4 (NME4). In vivo and in vitro experiments explored NME4’s role in immune exclusion.

Results

The MPCDS demonstrated strong predictive performance for prognosis in LUAD patients, surpassing 114 previously published LUAD signatures. Additionally, MPCDS effectively predicted outcomes in immunotherapy patients (including those with LUAD, melanoma, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma). Biologically, MPCDS was significantly associated with immune features, with the high MPCDS group exhibiting reduced immune activity and a tendency towards cold tumors. NME4, a key gene within the MPCDS (correlation=0.55, p<0.05), was associated with poorer prognosis in LUAD patients with high expression, particularly in CD8 desert phenotypes, as validated by our in-house cohort. Multiplex immunofluorescence confirmed the spatial colocalization and exclusion relationship between NME4 and immune cells such as CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. Further experiments revealed that NME4 regulated the proliferation and invasion of LUAD cells both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, inhibiting NME4 increased the abundance and activity of CD8+ T cells and enhanced the antitumor immunity of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 therapy in vivo.

Conclusion

The MPCDS provides personalized risk assessment and immunotherapy interventions for individual LUAD patients. NME4, a key gene within the MPCDS, has been identified as a novel oncogene associated with immune exclusion and may serve as a new target for LUAD intervention and immunotherapy.
Stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis with different qualifying arteries: a preplanned pooled individual patient data analysis
Authors: Li Tianhua , Luo Jichang , Bai Xuesong , Almallouhi Eyad , Gao Peng , Liu Delin , Xu Ran , Xu Wenlong , Lu Guangdong , Gong Haozhi , Zhang Xiao , Lu Taoyuan , Wang Jie , Yang Renjie , Xing Zixuan , Liu Guangjie , Dai Yufu , Derdeyn Colin P , Jiao Liqun , Wang Tao
Published: October 2024

Background

The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) relative to medical management in treating symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) varies based on the qualifying artery. This study aims to evaluate PTAS compared with medical therapy alone in cases of ICAS involving the internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA).

Methods

This study involves a thorough pooled analysis of individual patient data from two randomised controlled trials, evaluating the efficacy of PTAS in comparison to medical management for symptomatic ICAS with different qualifying arteries. The primary outcome was stroke or death within 30 days postenrolment, or stroke in the region of the qualifying artery beyond 30 days through 1 year. A methodology based on intention-to-treat was employed, and HR accompanied by 95% CIs were used to convey risk estimates.

Results

The data of 809 individuals were collected from Stenting vs Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis trial and China Angioplasty and Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Severe Stenosis trial. Four hundred were designated for PTAS, while 409 were assigned to medical therapy alone. For the primary outcome, patients with symptomatic BA stenosis had a significantly higher risk of receiving PTAS compared with medical therapy (17.17% vs 7.77%; 9.40; HR, 2.38 (1.03 to 5.52); p=0.04). However, PTAS had no significant difference in patients with symptomatic ICA (26.67% vs 16.67%; HR, 1.68 (0.78 to 3.62); p=0.19), MCA (8.28% vs 9.79%; HR, 0.85 (0.42 to 1.74); p=0.66) and VA stenosis (9.52% vs 10.71%; HR, 0.91 (0.32 to 2.62); p=0.86) compared with medical therapy.

Conclusions

PTAS significantly increases the risk of both short-term and long-term stroke in patients with symptomatic BA stenosis. Without significant technological advancements to mitigate these risks, PTAS offers limited benefits. For symptomatic ICA, MCA and VA stenosis, PTAS provided no significant advantage.
Study of the axial-vector and tensor resonant contributions to the $$D \rightarrow VP\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$ decays based on SU(3) flavor analysis
Authors: Qiao Yi , Liu Yue-Xin , Xu Yuan-Guo , Wang Ru-Min
Published: October 2024

Semileptonic three-body $$D \rightarrow M\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

D
→
M

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

decays, non-leptonic $$M \rightarrow VP$$

M
→
V
P

decays, and semileptonic four-body $$D \rightarrow M(M \rightarrow VP)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

D
→
M

(
M
→
V
P
)

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

decays are analyzed using the SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking approach, where $$\ell =e/\mu $$

ℓ
=
e
/
μ

, $$M=A/T$$

M
=
A
/
T

, and A/T/V/P denote the axial-vector/tensor/vector/pseudoscalar mesons, respectively. In terms of SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking, the decay amplitudes of the $$D \rightarrow M \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$

D
→
M

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

decays and the vertex coefficients of the $$M \rightarrow VP$$

M
→
V
P

decays are related. The relevant non-perturbative parameters of the $$D \rightarrow A\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

D
→
A

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

, $$A \rightarrow VP$$

A
→
V
P

, and $$T \rightarrow VP$$

T
→
V
P

decays are constrained by the present experimental data, and the non-perturbative parameters of $$D \rightarrow T\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

D
→
T

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

decays are taken from the results in the light-front quark model since no experimental data are available at present. The branching ratios of the $$D \rightarrow M \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$

D
→
M

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

, $$M \rightarrow VP$$

M
→
V
P

, and $$D\rightarrow M(M\rightarrow VP)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

D
→
M

(
M
→
V
P
)

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

decays are then predicted. We find that some processes receive both tensor and axial-vector resonant contributions, while other processes receive only axial-vector resonant contributions. In cases where both kinds of resonant contributions exist, the axial-vector contributions are dominant. Some branching ratios with axial-vector resonance states are large, and they may be measured experimentally in the near future. In addition, the sensitivities of the branching ratios of $$D \rightarrow A \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$

D
→
A

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

and $$A \rightarrow VP$$

A
→
V
P

decays to the parameters are also investigated, and some decay branching ratios are found to be sensitive to the non-perturbative parameters.
Sparse Spike Feature Learning to Recognize Traceable Interictal Epileptiform Spikes
Authors: Cheng Chenchen , Shi Yunbo , Liu Yan , You Bo , Zhou Yuanfeng , Aarabi Ardalan , Dai Yakang
Published: October 2024

Interictal epileptiform spikes (spikes) and epileptogenic focus are strongly correlated. However, partial spikes are insensitive to epileptogenic focus, which restricts epilepsy neurosurgery. Therefore, identifying spike subtypes that are strongly associated with epileptogenic focus (traceable spikes) could facilitate their use as reliable signal sources for accurately tracing epileptogenic focus. However, the sparse firing phenomenon in the transmission of intracranial neuronal discharges leads to differences within spikes that cannot be observed visually. Therefore, neuro-electro-physiologists are unable to identify traceable spikes that could accurately locate epileptogenic focus. Herein, we propose a novel sparse spike feature learning method to recognize traceable spikes and extract discrimination information related to epileptogenic focus. First, a multilevel eigensystem feature representation was determined based on a multilevel feature representation module to express the intrinsic properties of a spike. Second, the sparse feature learning module expressed the sparse spike multi-domain context feature representation to extract sparse spike feature representations. Among them, a sparse spike encoding strategy was implemented to effectively simulate the sparse firing phenomenon for the accurate encoding of the activity of intracranial neurosources. The sensitivity of the proposed method was 97.1%, demonstrating its effectiveness and significant efficiency relative to other state-of-the-art methods.
A Modified Transformer Network for Seizure Detection Using EEG Signals
Authors: Hu Wenrong , Wang Juan , Li Feng , Ge Daohui , Wang Yuxia , Jia Qingwei , Yuan Shasha
Published: October 2024

Seizures have a serious impact on the physical function and daily life of epileptic patients. The automated detection of seizures can assist clinicians in taking preventive measures for patients during the diagnosis process. The combination of deep learning (DL) model with convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer network can effectively extract both local and global features, resulting in improved seizure detection performance. In this study, an enhanced transformer network named Inresformer is proposed for seizure detection, which is combined with Inception and Residual network extracting different scale features of electroencephalography (EEG) signals to enrich the feature representation. In addition, the improved transformer network replaces the existing Feedforward layers with two half-step Feedforward layers to enhance the nonlinear representation of the model. The proposed architecture utilizes discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the original EEG signals, and the three sub-bands are selected for signal reconstruction. Then, the Co-MixUp method is adopted to solve the problem of data imbalance, and the processed signals are sent to the Inresformer network for seizure information capture and recognition. Finally, discriminant fusion is performed on the results of three-scale EEG sub-signals to achieve final seizure recognition. The proposed network achieves the best accuracy of 100% on Bonn dataset and the average accuracy of 98.03%, sensitivity of 95.65%, and specificity of 98.57% on the long-term CHB-MIT dataset. Compared to the existing DL networks, the proposed method holds significant potential for clinical research and diagnosis applications with competitive performance.
Numerical simulations of scaling exponents in moving organisms: A comparative study within and across species
Authors: Cambui Dorilson Silva , De Arruda Alberto Sebastião
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the metabolic rates of living organisms in motion through numerical simulations, employing a modified equation that accounts for the combined effects of kinetic energy and temperature via the Boltzmann factor. This approach provides a comprehensive analysis of metabolic processes. The metabolic scaling exponent was calculated for organisms both within the same species and across different species. For organisms of the same species, the scaling exponent was consistent with the expected value of 0.75, as predicted by the [Formula: see text] Law of Metabolism. In contrast, for organisms across different species, a scaling exponent of approximately 0.8 was observed. The results suggest that metabolic scaling may differ when comparing across species.
Stability and Bifurcations in Time-Delay Systems: A Novel and Efficient Blend of Methods
Authors: Itovich Griselda R. , Gentile Franco S. , Moiola Jorge L.
Published: October 2024

The goal of this paper is to introduce a hybrid technique, combining two existing methods conveniently, to analyze the stability and bifurcations of equilibrium points and periodic orbits in delay-differential equations of retarded type. One method is called the frequency-domain approach, an analytical tool based on control theory allowing to detect and represent periodic solutions emerging from the Hopf bifurcations, via Fourier series and harmonic balances. The second one, the so-called semi-discretization method, provides a numerical scheme to approximate the monodromy operator of a periodic solution, thus permitting to establish the stability and bifurcations of limit cycles as well as analyzing the equilibrium points. It is shown that a proper combination of these methods provides a straightforward strategy to study both local and global bifurcations in time-delay systems. The usefulness of the proposed approach is shown by three examples, where the results are compared with those given by the software DDE-BIFTOOL.
L-Fuzzy Rough G-Proximity Spaces
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Tiwari Surabhi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the concept of nearness between [Formula: see text]-fuzzy rough sets using [Formula: see text]-fuzzy rough grills. We introduce the concept of Čech [Formula: see text]-fuzzy rough [Formula: see text]-proximity spaces and [Formula: see text]-fuzzy rough [Formula: see text]-LO-proximity spaces. On this new nearness structure, we prove some basic topological results and to support the proposed approach, examples are given.
Multiplicity of solutions for p-Laplacian Kirchhoff problems with singular nonlinearity
Authors: Ouerghi Haikel , Benali Khaled
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions for [Formula: see text]-Laplacian Kirchhoff problems with singular nonlinearity. More precisely, we use the Nehari manifold method and the analysis of the fibering maps in order to prove the existence of nonnegative solutions for such problem.
On the exponential Diophantine equation Pm2 + Pn2 = 2a
Authors: Emin Ahmet , Ateş Fırat
Published: October 2024

This study investigates numbers that are powers of two and can be expressed as the sum of the squares of any two Pell numbers. We apply Baker’s theory of linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers, along with a variation of the Baker–Davenport reduction method, to solve the Diophantine equation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are non-negative integers, as presented here. Furthermore, the maple[Formula: see text] codes used in the computations made throughout the paper are also shared.
Theoretical and numerical bifurcation analysis in a prey–predator model with prey harvesting effort
Authors: Gümüş Özlem Ak , Elsadany A. A. , Yousef A. M. , Agiza H. N.
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the influence of harvest efforts on a discrete-time prey–predator model. We established the stability criteria for fixed points in the proposed model. We investigate codim-1 and codim-2 bifurcations, exploring a range of multiple and generic bifurcations within the discrete model. The model demonstrates fold, flip, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, as well as resonances such as 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 at distinct fixed points. Through the application of the critical normal form theorem and bifurcation theory, we calculate normal form coefficients for each bifurcation. Our results show that an excessive prey harvest rate can actually destabilize the model dynamics. Numerical simulations validate our findings, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of the system.
The Role of Digital Coast Analysis Technology (DSAS) in Coastal Assessment — East Coast Case of the City of Mohammedia-Morocco
Authors: Abderrahmane Jadouane , Sghiouri Abderrafia , Elhanchaoui Youssef , Boumeaza Taieb , Saidi Jamila
Published: October 2024

Coastal regions around the world are undergoing significant changes due to a complex interplay of natural processes and human activities. The city of Mohammedia, located along the Atlantic Ocean coast of Morocco, is no exception to these coastal dynamics. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the morphological evolution of the Mohammedia coastline from 1969 to 2023, focusing on shoreline erosion and the factors influencing these changes. the research identifies significant erosion along Monika Beach and Sablette Beach, reaching an alarming rate of approximately −2.15[Formula: see text]m per year between 1996 and 2023. Human activities, including urban expansion and port development, have played a central role in these coastal changes.
The Intention to Use Mobile Banking Services in Vietnam During COVID-19 Period
Authors: Manh Phan Dinh , Le Tran Thi Huynh
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study explores the applications of the UTAUT model in the users’ intention to use mobile banking in the context of Vietnam. We also extend the applicability of UTAUT with two new concepts of curiosity and self-esteem in the users’ intention to use mobile banking. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the survey-based methodology and SEM analysis technique with the sample collected in Vietnam. Findings: Our data support three hypotheses of the influence of ease of use, facilitating conditions, and curiosity on the intention to use mobile banking. It does not support two hypotheses of the impact of perceived benefits and social influence on the intention to use mobile banking. Additionally, the findings show contradicting results compared with our hypothesis in that the data indicate self-esteem negatively impacts the intention to use mobile banking. Originality: We contribute to the flexibility in applications of the current technology acceptance theories with the UTAUT model. We also extend the theories with two new indicators of curiosity and self-esteem, elements of psychology and personality domains. It proves the logic behind the effects of curiosity and self-esteem: the more curiosity people have, the more likely they will try new things to explore, while the more self-esteem people have, the less likely they will try new things like mobile banking. The implications and future research are also suggested in our paper.
Chloride in the Chalk aquifer of East Anglia, UK. Part 1: distribution of chloride in brackish and saline groundwater
Authors: Heathcote John A.
Published: October 2024

The Chalk aquifer of East Anglia is heavily exploited as a groundwater source. During exploration and exploitation, it has become clear that some of the groundwater in the Chalk is brackish and unsuitable for drinking (>250 mg l
−1
chloride). Data comprising chemical analyses of pumped water samples and borehole depth samples (more than 900 results in total), and downhole geophysical surveys have been used to assemble maps of the distribution of chloride areally and with depth. Brackish or saline water is probably present at depth in the Chalk, even where shallow freshwater is present, over much of the area where Crag Group marine sediments have been deposited. The depth below surface at which brackish water is encountered varies between 50 and more than 100 m, and the elevation of the transition varies from below −91 to +16 m above ordnance datum (AOD). From its chemistry, it is deduced that most of the brackish water is of ancient marine origin but that there has been localized intrusion of modern seawater in coastal areas, especially around Ipswich. Saline water most probably entered the aquifer during Crag Group times (late Pliocene–early Pleistocene) and its chemistry has been modified subsequently. The most saline old water that has been encountered has full marine salinity.
Chloride in the Chalk aquifer of East Anglia, UK. Part 2: causes of elevated chloride in freshwater
Authors: Heathcote John A.
Published: October 2024

Fresh groundwaters (<250 mg l
−1
Cl) in the Chalk of East Anglia have a range of chloride concentrations that are higher than the 10–20 mg l
−1
level that is conventionally expected from the evaporative concentration of rainfall chloride, with a median concentration of 46 mg l
−1
being observed. This is also higher than the typical median chloride concentration in other English aquifers (i.e. 20–30 mg l
−1
). Three possible explanations are explored: increased evaporative concentration in a region with very low effective rainfall, agricultural inputs, and the effects of old saline water known to be present at depth. Saline intrusion is discounted as a significant cause. Nitrate and potassium are possible indicators of agricultural impact, with chloride being associated with the latter, but neither is an entirely satisfactory indicator. De-nitrification is possibly widespread. The three processes considered are not mutually exclusive and none is decisively eliminated but the balance of evidence favours the influence of saline water at depth, from which chloride is diffusing up into the active aquifer. There are clearly some observations affected by agricultural input but evidence for the effect of increased evaporative concentration is weak.
An AI Learning Hierarchy
Authors: Denning Peter J. , Lewis Ted G.
Published: October 2024

A hierarchy of AI machines organized by their learning power shows their limits and the possibility that humans are at risk of machine subjugation well before AI utopia can come.
Controllable Human Trajectory Generation Using Profile-Guided Latent Diffusion
Authors: Song Yiwen , Ding Jingtao , Yuan Jian , Liao Qingmin , Li Yong
Published: October 2024

Trajectory generation is a vital element in AI applications. Firstly, it enables simulation such as traffic simulation and epidemic spreading modeling. Secondly, it can provide synthetic privacy-preserving data for training AI models. Notably, trajectory generation featuring controllable user profiles holds substantial value in generating customized mobility trajectories tailored to diverse requirements. However, relevant work is still lacking. On the one hand, traditional deep generative models fall short in guiding controllable trajectory generation due to the statistical nature of human mobility patterns and the corresponding insufficient control mechanisms. On the other hand, though the diffusion model has demonstrated strong generative capabilities in many fields, to achieve controllable generation on discrete trajectory data, we still need to redesign the structure of the continuous diffusion model. In this article, we introduce a controllable trajectory generation framework that leverages a continuous diffusion model and classifier guidance for more robust condition control. Our proposed framework comprises two modules: a latent trajectory diffusion model and a trajectory classifier for profile guidance. Experiments on two real-world mobility datasets consistently demonstrate its capability of generating trajectories matching given user profiles and conforming to human mobility patterns. Our source code and trained models are released at
https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/User-Profile-Guided-Latent-Diffusion
.
Differential effects of myosin activators on myocardial contractile function in nonfailing and failing human hearts
Authors: Choi Joohee , Wood Patrick T. , Holmes Joshua B. , Dominic Katherine L. , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Campbell Kenneth S. , Stelzer Julian E.
Published: October 2024

This is the first study to provide a detailed mechanistic comparison of omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) and danicamtiv (DN) in failing and nonfailing human myocardium. These findings have clinical implications and the potential to inform the clinical utility of myosin activators in the heart failure setting.
A Curve Fitting–Based Directional Protection of Transmission Lines Using Genetic Programing
Authors: Daniar Sabah , Karami Mojtaba , Khosravi Sarvenoee Amirhossein
Published: October 2024

In modern power systems, there is a growing need for protection techniques that are fast, precise, and stable to enhance the reliability and stability of power networks. This paper introduces an advanced technique for fault direction estimation that addresses key limitations in existing methods. Our proposed algorithm eliminates the dead‐zone issue, effectively handling both forward and reverse faults regardless of their location, including faults near relay regions. Using genetic programing (GP), we derive a closed‐form equation to drive the fault direction estimation algorithm, ensuring accurate and reliable results. The algorithm demonstrates exceptional speed and reliability in fault detection and direction estimation, even under challenging conditions such as current transformer (CT) saturation, power swing, and source strength variations. It is also insensitive to fault resistance and fault inception angle, increasing its robustness. A notable advantage of this algorithm is its efficiency at low sampling frequencies, making it highly adaptable for industrial applications and compatible with modern software and hardware requirements. We validated the algorithm through simulations on the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP‐RV) platform and with field data from the Manesht 230 kV substation in Ilam province, Iran. The results confirm the algorithm’s impressive speed and high reliability.
ESTS‐GCN: An Ensemble Spatial–Temporal Skeleton‐Based Graph Convolutional Networks for Violence Detection
Authors: Janbi Nourah Fahad , Ghaseb Musrea Abdo , Almazroi Abdulwahab Ali
Published: October 2024

Surveillance systems are essential for social and personal security. However, monitoring multiple video feeds with multiple targets is challenging for human operators. Therefore, automatic and smart surveillance systems have been introduced to support or replace traditional surveillance systems and build safer communities. Advancements in artificial intelligence techniques, particularly in the field of computer vision, have boosted this area of research. Most existing works have focused on image‐based (RGB‐based) machine learning and deep learning algorithms for detecting anomalous and violent events. In this study, we propose a unique Ensemble Spatial–Temporal Skeleton‐Based Graph Convolutional Networks (ESTS‐GCNs) model for violence detection that automatically uses spatial and temporal data to detect violence in surveillance videos. Skeleton‐based algorithms are less sensitive to pixel‐based noise and background interference, making them excellent candidates for activity and anomaly detection. Our proposed ensemble‐based architecture utilizes Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and comprises multiple spatial and temporal modules. Three different spatial pipelines are exploited: channel‐wise topologies, self‐attention mechanism, and graph attention networks. The models were trained and evaluated using two skeleton‐based datasets introduced by us: Skeleton‐based Real‐Life Violence Situations (RLVS) and NTU‐Violence (NTU‐V). Our model achieved a maximum accuracy of around 93% and outperformed existing models by more than 10%.
First WGS Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolated From a Case of Human Meningitis in Southern Italy
Authors: Fusco Giovanna , Dodaro Saveria , Mauro Maria Vittoria , Greco Francesca , Barca Lorella , Paradiso Rubina , Limone Antonio , Garzi Cosentino Maria , Campione Agata , De Luca Giovanna , Cecere Bianca , Greco Sonia , Vangeli Valeria , De Carlo Esterina , Borriello Giorgia , Mastroianni Antonio
Published: October 2024

This study is the first report in Italy on the molecular characterization by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of a Streptococcus suis strain isolated from a human case of meningitis in Italy. The characterized S. suis strain was classified as a serotype 2 (SS2), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence type ST1. The strain exhibited the presence of several virulence genes and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin. Finally, we found a frameshift mutation in the gene mrp determining the translation of two truncated forms of the corresponding muramidase‐release protein. These results highlight the importance of complete genomic data to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this bacterium, capable to pose serious risks to human health.
Current Epidemiological Status of Chikungunya Virus Infection in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ali Mude Abdirasak Sharif , Nageye Yahye Ahmed , Bello Kizito Eneye
Published: October 2024

Background: The incidence of Chikungunya in tropical Africa is still of major epidemiological significance. This study aims to determine the prevalence of chikungunya in East Africa through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across six electronic databases—Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar—using specific keywords to address the worldwide impact of chikungunya following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A meta‐analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the random effect model.

Results: Our search returned 40 eligible articles involving 4122 Chikungunya cases in 13 East African nations. These studies, conducted between 2014 and 2024 across 13 East African nations, provided diverse data on chikungunya prevalence. The overall pooled prevalence of chikungunya in East Africa was 20.6% (95% CI: 18.8%–22.5% and I2 = 99.62%). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in prevalence across different countries, study designs, detection methods, and publication years. Notably, Rwanda and Djibouti exhibited high prevalence rates of 63.0% and 50.4%, respectively, while Kenya and Somalia reported a moderate prevalence of 12.2%. The detection methods also influenced prevalence rates, with RT‐PCR studies indicating a higher prevalence (28.3%) compared to ELISA (19.3%).

Conclusion: The study highlights the significant burden of chikungunya in East Africa, and the findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and improved surveillance to manage and control chikungunya outbreaks in the region.
Figure 5 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

SAR’245 drives signaling pathways similar to rhIL-2. Bulk PBMC were treated with high-dose rhIL-2 or SAR’245 for 45 minutes and stained with a panel of 120 phosphoproteins. The fold change in MFI from untreated wells at (A–C) 45 minutes, (D–F) 24 or 48 hours was calculated and sorted from high to low in (A and D) NK cells, (B and E) CD8 T cells, and (C and F) CD4 Tregs. Dashed lines at 1 and 1.2. N = 1 donor. Data representative of one or more independent experiments. MFI, median fluorescence intensity; NK, natural killer; rhIL-2, recombinant interleukin-2; Treg, regulatory T cell.
Figure 3 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

SAR’245 alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies enhances IFNγ secretion from activated T cells. A, Purified CD4 T cells were cocultured with allogeneic monoDCs in the presence of varying concentrations of SAR’245, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab. Supernatants were collected after 5 days of culture and measured for IFNγ production by ELISA. Representative data from multiple healthy donor pairs are shown (N = 3). B, Whole blood samples were coincubated with varying concentrations of SAR’245 alone or in combination with 90 or 180 μg/mL pembrolizumab for 24 hours. Cytokine released into culture supernatants was measured by MSD (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-5, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-8). TNF α, IL-4, and IL-8 are not shown. Plotted as average ± SEM. N = 4 donors. IFNγ, interferon gamma.
The Biggest Struggle: Navigating Trust and Uncertainty in Genetic Variant Interpretation
Authors: Griffen Zachary , Asfaha Dina M. , Owens Kellie
Published: October 2024

Introduction: As the utility of genomic sequencing increases, its use in healthcare will continue to expand beyond expert clinics toward nonspecialist practices such as primary care. At the same time, discordance in genetic variant identification and classification between laboratories remains a concern for the field. This research assesses how clinicians with and without genetics expertise understand and trust genetic test results, underscoring how variation in the handling of genetic test results can have real impact on patient care. Methods: We conducted 40 interviews with genetics experts, including clinical geneticists and genetic counselors, and nonexpert clinicians including primary care providers and cardiologists. Results: Clinical geneticists and genetic counselors reported spending significant time assessing the validity of results from genetic testing laboratories, conversing with laboratories about those results, and potentially reinterpreting results. Conversely, primary care providers and cardiologists without specific genetics expertise reported high levels of trust in laboratory accuracy and variant interpretation, and did not reassess results. Conclusion: We find significant variation in how genetics experts and nonexperts understand the trustworthiness of genetic laboratory reports. This variation could lead to differences in patient care between clinical settings and requires additional guidance for clinicians regarding the handling of genetic test results.
Analysis of high-voltage silicon vertical multi-junction solar cells: under concentrated illumination
Authors: Khalis Mohamed , Masrour Rachid
Published: October 2024

We analyze the J-V characteristics of silicon vertical multi-junction solar cells. The J-V characteristic data includes J0, RS, Rsh, n, and Jph, representing saturation current density, series resistance, shunt resistance, ideality factor, and photocurrent density, respectively, and are utilized to extract the parameters of these multi-junction solar cells. These parameters were recently acquired in a previous investigation. In our research, we developed a MATLAB code to investigate the efficiency variation with concentration using the nonlinear least-squares method, following a similar approach as the previous study. Our findings reveal that the algorithm effectively utilizes electrical parameters obtained through the nonlinear least-squares method, ensuring stable convergence and faithful replication of experimental J-V characteristics. Our findings indicate that an increase in light concentration from 1 to 100 suns leads to an efficiency improvement from 19.4 to 26.2%. However, beyond 100 suns, the efficiency declines from 26.2 to 17.3%. The most influential parameter in determining solar cell efficiency is the open-circuit voltage, Voc. Our experiments have shown an increase in this voltage with light concentration. For instance, its value changes from around 19.147 V at 1 sun to approximately 25.491 V at 500 suns.