bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary rehabilitation for obstructive lung disease
Authors: Osadnik Christian R. , Singh Sally
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly effective, established therapy to improve exercise intolerance, impaired quality of life and limb muscle weakness associated with a range of chronic respiratory diseases. The evidence base for PR is largest in the area of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet its role in other obstructive lung diseases such as asthma is less well defined. Despite several features being common across both COPD and asthma, factors such as younger age or employment may affect the potential applicability of traditional PR models for patients with asthma. This review examines the current evidence regarding PR for the obstructive lung diseases of COPD and asthma. It offers appraisal of some of the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature, identifies areas in need of future research and details some of the issues facing clinicians responsible for the clinical management and rehabilitation of patients with these diseases.
Interventions Targeting Deep Tissue Lymph Nodes May Not Effectively Reduce the Risk of Salmonellosis from Ground Pork Consumption: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Authors: Zhang Yangjunna , O'Connor Annette M. , Wang Chong , Dickson James S. , Hurd H. Scott , Wang Bing
Published: May 2019

The inclusion of deep tissue lymph nodes (DTLNs) or nonvisceral lymph nodes contaminated with Salmonella in wholesale fresh ground pork (WFGP) production may pose risks to public health. To assess the relative contribution of DTLNs to human salmonellosis occurrence associated with ground pork consumption and to investigate potential critical control points in the slaughter‐to‐table continuum for the control of human salmonellosis in the United States, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was established. The model predicted an average of 45 cases of salmonellosis (95% CI = [19, 71]) per 100,000 Americans annually due to WFGP consumption. Sensitivity analysis of all stochastic input variables showed that cooking temperature was the most influential parameter for reducing salmonellosis cases associated with WFGP meals, followed by storage temperature and Salmonella concentration on contaminated carcass surface before fabrication. The input variables were grouped to represent three main factors along the slaughter‐to‐table chain influencing Salmonella doses ingested via WFGP meals: DTLN‐related factors, factors at processing other than DTLNs, and consumer‐related factors. The evaluation of the impact of each group of factors by second‐order Monte Carlo simulation showed that DTLN‐related factors had the lowest impact on the risk estimate among the three groups of factors. These findings indicate that interventions to reduce Salmonella contamination in DTLNs or to remove DTLNs from WFGP products may be less critical for reducing human infections attributable to ground pork than improving consumers’ cooking habits or interventions of carcass decontamination at processing.
Which exercise prescriptions optimize V̇O2max during cancer treatment?—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bjørke Ann Christin Helgesen , Sweegers Maike G. , Buffart Laurien M. , Raastad Truls , Nygren Peter , Berntsen Sveinung
Published: May 2019

The aims of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis were to investigate the effect of exercise on maximal oxygen uptake () and to investigate whether exercise frequency, intensity, duration, and volume are associated with changes in among adult patients with cancer undergoing treatment. Medline and Embase through OvidSP were searched to identify randomized controlled trials. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The overall effect size and differences in effects for different intensities and frequencies were calculated on change scores and post‐intervention data, and the meta‐regression of exercise duration and volumes was analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review, comprising 1332 patients with various cancer types receiving (neo‐)adjuvant chemo‐, radio‐, and/or hormone therapy. Exercise induced beneficial changes in compared to usual care (effect size = 0.46, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.23‐0.69). Longer session duration (P = 0.020), and weekly duration (P = 0.010), larger weekly volume (P < 0.001), and shorter intervention duration (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with more beneficial changes in . No differences in effects between subgroups with respect to frequency and intensity were found. In conclusion, exercise has beneficial effects on in patients with cancer undergoing (neo‐)adjuvant treatment. As interventions with larger exercise volumes and longer session durations resulted in larger beneficial changes in , exercise frequency, intensity, and duration should be considered carefully for sufficient exercise volume to induce changes in for this patient group.
The Globalization of Resentment: Antisemitism in an Inter‐ and Transnational Context
Authors: Beyer Heiko
Published: May 2019

Objective

The article presents a global comparison of antisemitic attitudes and their functions.

Methods

The sample of the study consists of 18 countries from five continents surveyed in 2011 by the Pew Research Center (n = 13,975). These data are analyzed using multilevel analyses.

Results

It can be shown that antisemitism, on the one hand, offers a pseudo‐explanation for rapid social change by equating capitalism, “American imperialism,” and globalization with Jews, and on the other hand is used for the construction of nationalistic boundaries. Nationalism and anti‐globalization views are particularly important predictors in countries with higher GDP per capita. Those countries, however, have comparatively low base rates of antisemitism whereas Muslim countries have rather high ones. Cross‐level parameters show that especially Muslims living in countries that are rather democratic but have low GDP and where Muslims are a minority report negative views of Jews.

Conclusion

There is a significant global variation of negative attitudes toward Jews. The theoretical approaches at hand best describe the situation in economically stable regions.
From the Murray to the Mekong: Grant Evans' life and fieldwork
Authors: Cox Peter , Sweet Kathryn
Published: May 2019

This article presents glimpses of the life and fieldwork of Grant Evans, the foremost anthropologist and historian to work on Laos in recent decades. It explores his youth in rural Australia, his tumultuous student years, and the challenges he faced as a professional scholar negotiating the Lao PDR bureaucracy. It draws insights from some of his early writing for alternative publications in Australia, as well as extensive discussions and correspondence with family, friends, professional counterparts and former students. It identifies factors in Grant's early life that were instrumental in his ability to research the Lao PDR. Ultimately, Grant possessed wide‐ranging academic and non‐academic interests. He was highly respected as a scholar and was a very decent human being.
Ultra‐frequent HRAS p.Q61R somatic mutation in canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma reveals pathogenic similarities with human ameloblastoma
Authors: Peralta Santiago , McCleary‐Wheeler Angela L. , Duhamel Gerald E. , Heikinheimo Kristiina , Grenier Jennifer K.
Published: May 2019

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumour that occurs in humans and dogs. Most ameloblastomas (AM) in humans harbour mutually‐exclusive driving mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS or FGFR2 that activate MAPK signalling, and in SMO that activates Hedgehog signalling. The remarkable clinical and histological similarities between canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) and AM suggest they may harbour similar driving mutations. In this study, aimed at characterizing the mutational status of SMO, BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and FGFR2 in CAA, we used RNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to demonstrate that 94% of CAA (n = 16) harbour a somatic HRAS p.Q61R mutation. The similarities in MAPK‐activating mutational profiles between CAA and AM implicate conserved molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, thus, qualifying the dog as a potentially useful model of disease. Given the relevance of RAS mutations in the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumours and other types of cancer, the results of this study are of comparative, translational, and veterinary value.
External ear cytological results and resident flora of clinically normal alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Mazulis Christina A. , Erb Hollis N. , Thachil Anil , Miller William H.
Published: May 2019

Background

Otitis is common in alpacas. Suppurative otitis media/interna can be an extension from the external ear canal or from a respiratory infection. Cytological evaluation provides rapid and inexpensive information to assist in therapeutic decision; to date, there is no published information regarding the normal cytological results and flora of the alpaca external ear canal.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe normal resident cytological findings and flora and possible variation over time, we sampled clinically normal alpaca external ear canals during two different seasons.

Animals

Fifty privately owned, healthy alpacas of different ages and sexes in two northeastern United States flocks.

Methods and materials

One ear per alpaca had both cytological swabs (ectoparasites, inflammatory and epithelial cells, bacteria and yeast) and sterile swabs (bacterial and fungal cultures) taken. This was done in August 2017 and repeated in January 2018.

Results

Yeast organisms were noted cytologically in 2–4% of the samples. Prevalence of total yeast genera was 6% in August and 30% in January. Cytologically, rod‐shaped bacteria [maximum 4–10/high power field (HPF); median 0–0.5/HPF] were seen in 50% of alpacas in August and 26% in January. Coccal bacteria (maximum 6‐10/HPF; median 0/HPF) were seen in 32% of alpacas in August and 16% in January. No statistically significant findings were noted between sampling months. Common bacterial genera isolated in August were Bacillus (44%), Arthrobacter (40%) and nonhaemolytic Staphylococcus (26%), and in January were Bacillus (42%) and Pantoea (38%).

Conclusions and clinical importance

This information may be useful when evaluating alpaca external ear canal samples, which subsequently may help dictate empirical therapy.
Dose‐dependent pruritogenic and inflammatory effects of intradermal injections of histamine, compound 48/80 and anti‐canine IgE in healthy dogs
Authors: Banovic Frane , Denley Tara , Blubaugh Amanda
Published: May 2019

Background

Scratching behaviours associated with intradermal (i.d.) injection of pruritogens such as histamine and compound 48/80 into the skin of mice and humans is the commonly used model to advance itch research and drug development. The predictive validity of this model is poorly documented in dogs.

Objectives

To evaluate the dose‐dependent effects of pruritogenic substances, each with a different mechanism of action, in healthy dogs.

Animals

Ten healthy laboratory beagles.

Methods and materials

All dogs were video‐recorded for 30 min post‐injection (mpi) of i.d. goat anti‐canine IgE (4 and 25 μg/site), histamine and compound 48/80 (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/site); two buffered saline injections served as controls. Two blinded investigators reviewed the pruritic behaviours of all video recordings. Global wheal scores were evaluated at 30 min by a blinded investigator.

Results

All dogs showed wheal and erythema at the pruritogen injection site; global wheal scores at 30 min of each substance significantly increased at all concentrations compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). A blinded evaluation revealed that all pruritogens induced mild acute pruritic behaviours at the site of injection. There was no injection site pain seen in any dog. Compared to controls, injections of pruritogens did not significantly affect the pruritic seconds or occurrence of pruritic episodes for any of the substances.

Conclusions and clinical significance

These preliminary results suggest that i.d. injections of the studied pruritogens can induce cutaneous wheal and flare response in healthy dogs; but inconsistencies occur in the induction of itch, even with the different concentrations of pruritogens.
Multicenter investigation of hemostatic dysfunction in 15 dogs with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Nielsen Lindsey , Holm Jennifer , Rozanski Elizabeth , Meola Dawn , Price Lori Lyn , de Laforcade Armelle
Published: May 2019

Objective

To characterize hemostatic profiles in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Design

Prospective and observational study.

Setting

Tertiary referral centers.

Animals

Fifteen client‐owned dogs with acute pancreatitis enrolled between December 1, 2011 and June 1, 2012.

Materials and methods

Blood samples were collected on admission for measurement of platelet count, PCV, thromboelastography (TEG), antithrombin, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D‐dimer, von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen values, which were compared to reference intervals derived from healthy dogs. The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to test for differences in continuous variables between study subjects and reference intervals.

Measurements and main results

Dogs with acute pancreatitis were globally hypercoagulable using TEG when compared with reference intervals. Dogs with acute pancreatitis had significantly higher D‐dimers (1,144 μg/L vs 251 μg/L [6264.5 vs 1374.5 nmol/L];P = 0.001), fibrinogen (837 vs 232 mg/dL [8.37 vs 2.32 g/L];P < 0.001), and von Willebrand factor (92.9% vs 65.1%;P = 0.02) as well as significantly lower antithrombin (85.7% vs 120%;P < 0.001) and prothrombin time values (3.8 vs 7.6 sec;P < 0.001) than reference intervals.

Conclusions

Laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability was present in dogs with acute pancreatitis. TEG may be useful in dogs with acute pancreatitis for monitoring response to therapy and guiding therapeutic interventions.
Comparison of hydroalcoholic rubbing and conventional chlorhexidine scrubbing for aseptic skin preparation in dogs
Authors: Asimus Erik , Palierne Sophie , Blondel Margaux , Pollet Valentine , Ferran Aude , Bousquet‐Melou Alain , Rousselot Jean‐François , Autefage André
Published: May 2019

Objective

To compare preparation time, ease of application, and elimination of skin contamination of 3 skin preparation methods for asepsis.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Healthy dogs (n = 6) with no clinical signs of skin disease.

Methods

Three sites on each dog were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 preparation protocols for asepsis: (1) 5 scrubbings with chlorhexidine gluconate and rinsing (CHXG), (2) washing with mild soap prior to 3 rubbings with hydroalcoholic solution (soap‐HAR), or (3) 3 rubbings with hydroalcoholic solution (HAR). The duration of each method of skin preparation was recorded. A Count‐Tact agar plate was placed in the center of each site before, immediately after, 1 hour after, and 3 hours after antiseptic application. Plates were cultured, and colony forming units (CFU) were counted.

Results

Skin preparation lasted an average of 375 seconds for CHXG, 240 seconds for soap‐HAR, and 190 seconds for HAR (P = .00049). Nine CFU (median) were cultured from the skin prior to preparation, with no difference between sites on any animal or for any method. Colony forming units were not detected at any time on any site in any dog after antiseptic application.

Conclusion

Rubbing with hydroalcoholic (HA) solution was as effective as CHXG and prevented bacterial growth for at least 3 hours under these experimental conditions. Rubbing with hydroalcoholic solution was also faster and easier to perform.

Clinical significance

Because there is currently no known resistance to HA solution, preparation of the surgical site with HAR should be considered to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance to chlorhexidine as well as potential cross‐resistances to antibiotics. Transfer to clinical animals requires additional investigation.
Effectiveness of parenting education for expectant primiparous women in Asian countries: a quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Mori Emi , Iwata Hiroko , Maehara Kunie , Sakajo Akiko , Ina Kei , Harada Nami
Published: May 2019

Review question:

What is the effect of antenatal parenting education on parenting stress, maternal depressive symptoms and maternal confidence, compared to usual care, for expectant primiparous women in Asian countries?
Core indicators of quality in practice education placements in allied health and social care professions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hills Caroline , Quigley Duana , Bennett Annemarie E. , Haughey Fiona , McMahon Sinead
Published: May 2019

Review objectives/question:

The objectives of this scoping review are: i) to explore quality practice education placements from the perspective of allied health stakeholders including students and professional organizations, and to conceptually map the evidence within a quality framework; and ii) to identify any gaps in the literature.

The researchers seek to answer the specific research question: what are the core indicators of quality in practice education as reported by stakeholders across allied health and social care professions?
Wave Theory of Heat Transfer in Film Boiling
Authors: Chang Yan Po
Published: May 2019

This paper is an extension of a previous one [1] in which heat transfer has been analyzed by the wave theory for natural convection and for nucleate boiling in detail and for film boiling in principle. In the present paper, heat transfer in saturated and subcooled film boiling from horizontal and vertical surfaces is analyzed from the viewpoint of the previously presented idea. By means of the concept of equivalent thermal diffusivity a generalized Prandtl number is recommended. Thus a general formula is obtained for both convection and boiling. The predicted results agree well with the experiments of previous investigators.
Hippos (
Hippopotamus amphibius
): The animal silicon pump
Authors: Schoelynck Jonas , Subalusky Amanda L. , Struyf Eric , Dutton Christopher L. , Unzué-Belmonte Dácil , Van de Vijver Bart , Post David M. , Rosi Emma J. , Meire Patrick , Frings Patrick
Published: May 2019

Grazing hippos are key species in transfer of silicon from terrestrial grasses to lake diatoms.
A light-driven burst of hydroxyl radicals dominates oxidation chemistry in newly activated cloud droplets
Authors: Paulson Suzanne E. , Gallimore Peter J. , Kuang Xiaobi M. , Chen Jie Rou , Kalberer Markus , Gonzalez David H.
Published: May 2019

Freshly formed cloud droplets produce a burst of highly reactive radicals, which increases their importance in the climate system.
Oxytocin antagonism prevents pregnancy-associated aortic dissection in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Habashi Jennifer Pardo , MacFarlane Elena Gallo , Bagirzadeh Rustam , Bowen Caitlin , Huso Nicholas , Chen Yichun , Bedja Djahida , Creamer Tyler J. , Rykiel Graham , Manning Maurice , Huso David , Dietz Harry C.
Published: May 2019

Protection from pregnancy-associated aortic dissection is achieved by decreasing oxytocin-induced ERK signaling in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome.
Exacting Edward Jenner’s revenge: The quest for a new tuberculosis vaccine
Authors: Porcelli Steven A. , Jacobs William R.
Published: May 2019

Recent experimental and clinical work has reinvigorated the pursuit of a better tuberculosis vaccine.
Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data To Support Cefoxitin Nebulization for the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Mehta Shachi , Aranzana-Climent Vincent , Rammaert Blandine , Grégoire Nicolas , Marchand Sandrine , Couet William , Buyck Julien M.
Published: May 2019

Mycobacterium abscessus
is responsible for difficult-to-treat chronic pulmonary infections in humans. Current regimens, including parenteral administrations of cefoxitin (FOX) in combination with amikacin and clarithromycin, raise compliance problems and are frequently associated with high failure and development of resistance.
Nonhelical Helicobacter pylori Mutants Show Altered Gland Colonization and Elicit Less Gastric Pathology than Helical Bacteria during Chronic Infection
Authors: Martínez Laura E. , O’Brien Valerie P. , Leverich Christina K. , Knoblaugh Sue E. , Salama Nina R.
Published: May 2019

Half of all humans harbor
Helicobacter pylori
in their stomachs. Helical cell shape is thought to facilitate
H. pylori
’s ability to bore into the protective mucus layer in a corkscrew-like motion, thereby enhancing colonization of the stomach.
RIG-I Activation by a Designer Short RNA Ligand Protects Human Immune Cells against Dengue Virus Infection without Causing Cytotoxicity
Authors: Ho Victor , Yong Hui Yee , Chevrier Marion , Narang Vipin , Lum Josephine , Toh Ying-Xiu , Lee Bernett , Chen Jinmiao , Tan Ern Yu , Luo Dahai , Fink Katja
Published: May 2019

Short hairpin RNA ligands that activate RIG-I induce antiviral responses in infected cells and prevent or control viral infections. Here, we characterized a new short hairpin RNA molecule with high efficacy in antiviral gene activation and showed that this molecule is able to control dengue virus infection. We demonstrate how structural modifications of minimal RNA ligands can lead to increased potency and a wider window of RIG-I-activating concentrations before regulatory mechanisms kick in at high concentrations. We also show that minimal RNA ligands induce an effective antiviral response in human skin dendritic cells and macrophages, which are the target cells of initial infection after the mosquito releases virus into the skin. Using short hairpin RNA as RIG-I ligands could therefore be explored as antiviral therapy.
Genome Sequence of Tilapia Lake Virus Associated with Syncytial Hepatitis of Tilapia in an Ecuadorian Aquaculture Facility
Authors: Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Ferguson Hugh W. , Kabuusu Richard , Waltzek Thomas B.
Published: May 2019

Here, we report the complete coding sequences of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) associated with syncytial hepatitis of tilapia (SHT). The TiLV strain was sequenced from the liver RNA extract of a moribund Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) fingerling from an Ecuadorian aquaculture facility in 2012.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Siphophage Siskin
Authors: O’Leary Chandler , Xie Yicheng , Kongari Rohit , Gill Jason J. , Liu Mei
Published: May 2019

Bacteriophage Siskin is a member of the χ-like siphovirus phage cluster that infectsSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strain LT2. Here, we report the complete 58,476-bp sequence of the Siskin genome, provide confirmation of its genomic termini, and describe a potentially new class of holins and endolysins found in the lysis cassette.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus parasuis 4253, the First Available for the Species
Authors: Stevens Marc J. A. , Cernela Nicole , Corti Sabrina , Stephan Roger
Published: May 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptococcus parasuis
strain 4253. This is the first publicly available genome sequence of a
S. parasuis
strain.
Genome Sequence of Pigmented Siderophore-Producing Strain Serratia marcescens SM6
Authors: Khilyas Irina V. , Tursunov Kanat A. , Shirshikova Tatiana V. , Kamaletdinova Leysan K. , Matrosova Lilia E. , Desai Prerak T. , McClelland Michael , Bogomolnaya Lydia M.
Published: May 2019

Here we present a draft genome sequence of laboratory strain
Serratia marcescens
SM6. Using the antiSMASH 5.0 prediction tool, we identiﬁed five biosynthetic gene clusters involved in secondary metabolite production (two siderophores and a biosurfactant serratamolide, a glucosamine derivative, and a thiopeptide).
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Avian Influenza Virus Strain A/mallard/Balkhash/6304/2014 (H1N1) from Kazakhstan
Authors: Karamendin Kobey , Kydyrmanov Aidyn , Asanova Saule , Khan Elizaveta , Daulbayeva Klara , Kasymbekov Yermukhammet , Sayatov Marat
Published: May 2019

An avian influenza virus strain, A/mallard/Balkhash/6304/2014 (H1N1), was isolated during a wild bird monitoring study in Kazakhstan in 2014. The virus was isolated from a wild mallard duck (
Anas platyrhynchos
) in eastern Kazakhstan.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Monokaryotic Isolates of the White-Rot Basidiomycete Fungus Dichomitus squalens
Authors: Casado López Sara , Peng Mao , Daly Paul , Andreopoulos Bill , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Riley Robert , Ahrendt Steven , Ng Vivian , Barry Kerrie , Daum Chris , Grigoriev Igor V. , Hildén Kristiina S. , Mäkelä Miia R. , de Vries Ronald P.
Published: May 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three isolates of the wood-decaying white-rot basidiomycete fungus
Dichomitus squalens
. The genomes of these monokaryons were sequenced to provide more information on the intraspecies genomic diversity of this fungus and were compared to the previously sequenced genome of
D. squalens
LYAD-421 SS1.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Enterobacter
sp. Strain A8, a Carbazole-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Skinner Kelly A. , Khan Samiya , Edirisinghe Janaka N. , Henry Christopher S.
Published: May 2019

We present here the draft genome sequence of a carbazole-degrading
Enterobacter
species. The draft genome sequence will provide insight into various genes involved in the degradation of carbazole and other related aromatic compounds.
Complete Genome Segment Sequences of Tomato Chlorotic Spot Virus from Peanut in Haiti
Authors: Adegbola Raphael O. , Kemerait Robert C. , Adkins Scott , Naidu Rayapati A.
Published: May 2019

Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) is emerging as a significant constraint to vegetable and legume crops in the Americas. The complete genome sequence of a TCSV isolate naturally infecting peanut (
Arachis hypogea
) in Haiti was determined in the effort to build epidemiological knowledge of the virus.
Genome Sequences of Two Choline-Utilizing Methanogenic Archaea,
Methanococcoides
spp., Isolated from Marine Sediments
Authors: Webster Gordon , Mullins Alex J. , Watkins Andrew J. , Cunningham-Oakes Edward , Weightman Andrew J. , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar , Sass Henrik
Published: May 2019

The genomes of two
Methanococcoides
spp. that were isolated from marine sediments and are capable of carrying out methanogenesis from choline and other methylotrophic substrates were sequenced. The average nucleotide identity and
in silico
DNA-DNA hybridization analyses demonstrate that they represent species different from those previously described.
Draft Genome Sequences of Seven Legionella pneumophila Isolates from a Hot Water System of a Large Building
Authors: Gomez-Alvarez Vicente , Boczek Laura , King Dawn , Pemberton Adin , Pfaller Stacy , Rodgers Mark , SantoDomingo Jorge , Revetta Randy P.
Published: May 2019

Public health data show that a significant fraction of the nation’s waterborne disease outbreaks are attributable to premise plumbing. We report the draft genome sequences of seven
Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 isolates from hot water lines of a large building.
Laryngotracheal Microbiota in Adult Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Hillel Alexander T. , Tang Sharon S. , Carlos Camila , Skarlupka Joseph H. , Gowda Madhu , Yin Linda X. , Motz Kevin , Currie Cameron R. , Suen Garret , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: May 2019

The laryngotracheal region resides at the intersection between the heavily studied nasal cavity and lungs; however, examination of the microbiome in chronic inflammatory conditions of the subglottis and trachea remains scarce. To date, studies have focused on the microbiota of the vocal folds, or the glottis, for laryngeal carcinoma, as well as healthy larynges, benign vocal fold lesions, and larynges exposed to smoking and refluxate. In this study, we seek to examine the structure and composition of the microbial community in adult laryngotracheal stenosis of various etiologies. Due to the heterogeneity among the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms and clinical outcomes seen in laryngotracheal stenosis disease, we hypothesized that different microbial profiles will be detected among various stenosis etiology types. Understanding differences in the microbiota for subglottic stenosis subtypes may shed light upon etiology-specific biomarker identification and offer novel insights into management approaches for this debilitating disease.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC): cutaneous and renal manifestations requiring a multidisciplinary team approach
Authors: Adams Agnieszka , Sharpe Kendall Katie , Peters Peter , Freeman Michael
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous leiomyomasare rare tumours of smooth muscle origin associated with disorders such as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. HLRCC is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by loss of function mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene. Sufferers of this disorder are predisposed to the development of tumours of the skin and/or uterus, with a further subset of HLRCC families at risk of renal cell carcinoma with papillary features. This syndrome is rare and carries with it a significant rate of mortality. A multidisciplinary approach to care is critical in the management of these patients and their families. The dermatologist can play a central role in this process, coordinating care between specialist medical and allied health teams.
Giant fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Roy Sanjeet , Wann Cornerstone , Eapen Anu
Published: May 2019

Giant fibroepithelial polyp is a rare cause of ureteric/ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. We report a rare case of giant fibroepithelial polyp in a 32-year-old woman involving the whole length of the ureter, reaching up to the UPJ which was clinically and radiologically considered to be urothelial carcinoma. Frozen section showed a polypoid lesion lined by urothelium with no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. Subsequently, nephroureterectomy was done as there was marked renal hydronephrosis and it was impossible to separate the polyp from the wall of the ureter. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of giant fibroepithelial polyp, ruling out malignancy.
Chapter 8 Mid–Late Permian Upukerora Formation, South Island, New Zealand: fault-controlled mass wasting of the Early Permian Dun Mountain ophiolite and initiation of the Permian–Triassic Maitai continental margin forearc basin
Authors: Robertson Alastair H. F.
Published: May 2019

The Dun Mountain ophiolite and related oceanic-arc rocks (Otama Complex) formed above a westward-dipping subduction zone within Panthalassa, with implications for the emplacement of Cordilleran-type ophiolites and arcs elsewhere. The ophiolite is overlain by the Mid–Late Permian Upukerora Formation (up to 850 m), a predominantly very coarse breccia-conglomerate that mainly accumulated by mass flow. Lesser amounts of sediment accumulated from turbidity currents and as background hemipelagic sediments. The succession unconformably overlies ophiolitic basaltic or, rarely, gabbroic rocks after a regional hiatus. Much of the coarse clastic debris was derived from the underlying ophiolite. However, clasts of plagioclase-phyric basalt, felsic volcanics and quartz-bearing intrusive rocks, including plagiogranite, are over-represented compared to the ophiolite. The evolved igneous material was derived from an incipient oceanic arc (the Otama Complex) that bordered or covered the ophiolite, especially in the south. The coarse clastic material accumulated following the activation of north–south-trending, subaqueous, extensional growth faults within the underlying oceanic crust. Large blocks of mainly basalt, diabase and gabbro were also shed down fault scarps from relatively shallow-water to deeper-water settings. Fault-controlled talus accumulated soon after Mid-Permian docking of the ophiolite and oceanic arc with SE Gondwana to initiate the Mid-Permian–Mid-Triassic Maitai continental margin forearc basin.
Chapter 14 Crossing Cook Strait: terranes of the Marlborough Schist, Kapiti Island and Wellington
Authors: Adams C. J. , Campbell H. J. , Mortimer N. , Griffin W. L.
Published: May 2019

U–Pb detrital zircon age patterns in sandstones from the Wellington and eastern Cook Strait area have broad Permian–Triassic and Precambrian–early Paleozoic age groups that confirm a previously established Triassic Rakaia Terrane correlation. Along the western Cook Strait coast, meta-psammitic Marlborough Schist samples have zircon patterns with a single age group, either Late Triassic or Jurassic, indicating a Waipapa Terrane ancestry. Similar data from the central Cook Strait region suggest that Waipapa Terrane basement continues northeastwards from Marlborough through Fishermans Rock to Kapiti Island. The Rakaia–Waipapa terrane boundary thus lies east of Kapiti Island and Fishermans Rock. The position of a Caples–Waipapa terrane boundary within the Marlborough Schist is less certain but most of the eastern Marlborough Schist is Waipapa Terrane.
Chapter 9 Sedimentary development of the Mid-Permian–Mid-Triassic Maitai continental margin forearc basin, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Robertson Alastair H. F. , Palamakumbura Romesh
Published: May 2019

The Mid-Late Permian–Mid-Triassic Maitai Group is interpreted as the distal forearc basin of the SE Gondwana active continental margin. The basin initially received very coarse detritus (Upukerora Formation) from the recently emplaced, nearby Dun Mountain ophiolite and related oceanic-arc rocks. Early tectonic subsidence accommodated up to 1000 m of bioclastic gravity-flow deposits from an adjacent carbonate platform, together with terrigenous and volcanic arc-derived material (Wooded Peak Formation). Basin-levelling turbidites then accumulated, composed of mixed terrigenous and arc-derived igneous material, with bottom-current reworking (Tramway Formation). Latest Permian–earliest Triassic gravity-flow deposits (locally absent) are characterized by relatively basic volcanic material (Little Ben Formation). Overlying turbidites accumulated in a relatively oxygen-poor, deeper-water setting (Greville Formation). Fine-grained background sedimentation then switched to well-oxidized, with traction-current reworking (Waiua Formation). The overlying Early–Mid Triassic Stephens Subgroup included the accumulation of lenticular sandstone turbidites, channelized conglomerate, well-oxidized deep-sea mud and felsic tuff. Permian and Early Triassic marginal carbonate platforms collapsed and were emplaced as localized exotic blocks. Extrusive and intrusive clasts within channelized conglomerates (Snowdon Formation) were derived from the adjacent continental margin arc. The forearc basin was subsequently displaced to its present position, possibly with up to 3000 km of southwards translation.
A Comprehensive Survey on Parallelization and Elasticity in Stream Processing
Authors: Röger Henriette , Mayer Ruben
Published: May 2019

Stream Processing (SP) has evolved as the leading paradigm to process and gain value from the high volume of streaming data produced, e.g., in the domain of the Internet of Things. An SP system is a middleware that deploys a network of operators between data sources, such as sensors, and the consuming applications. SP systems typically face intense and highly dynamic data streams. Parallelization and elasticity enable SP systems to process these streams with continuous high quality of service. The current research landscape provides a broad spectrum of methods for parallelization and elasticity in SP. Each method makes specific assumptions and focuses on particular aspects. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview and categorization of the state of the art in SP parallelization and elasticity, which is necessary to consolidate the state of the research and to plan future research directions on this basis. Therefore, in this survey, we study the literature and develop a classification of current methods for both parallelization and elasticity in SP systems.
A Multi-Vocal Review of Security Orchestration
Authors: Islam Chadni , Babar Muhammad Ali , Nepal Surya
Published: May 2019

Organizations use diverse types of security solutions to prevent cyber-attacks. Multiple vendors provide security solutions developed using heterogeneous technologies and paradigms. Hence, it is a challenging rather impossible to easily make security solutions to work an integrated fashion. Security orchestration aims at smoothly integrating multivendor security tools that can effectively and efficiently interoperate to support security staff of a Security Operation Centre (SOC). Given the increasing role and importance of security orchestration, there has been an increasing amount of literature on different aspects of security orchestration solutions. However, there has been no effort to systematically review and analyze the reported solutions. We report a Multivocal Literature Review that has systematically selected and reviewed both academic and grey (blogs, web pages, white papers) literature on different aspects of security orchestration published from January 2007 until July 2017. The review has enabled us to provide a working definition of security orchestration and classify the main functionalities of security orchestration into three main areas—unification, orchestration, and automation. We have also identified the core components of a security orchestration platform and categorized the drivers of security orchestration based on technical and socio-technical aspects. We also provide a taxonomy of security orchestration based on the execution environment, automation strategy, deployment type, mode of task and resource type. This review has helped us to reveal several areas of further research and development in security orchestration.
Regularizing Output Distribution of Abstractive Chinese Social Media Text Summarization for Improved Semantic Consistency
Authors: Wei Bingzhen , Ren Xuancheng , Zhang Yi , Cai Xiaoyan , Su Qi , Sun Xu
Published: May 2019

Abstractive text summarization is a highly difficult problem, and the sequence-to-sequence model has shown success in improving the performance on the task. However, the generated summaries are often inconsistent with the source content in semantics. In such cases, when generating summaries, the model selects semantically unrelated words with respect to the source content as the most probable output. The problem can be attributed to heuristically constructed training data, where summaries can be unrelated to the source content, thus containing semantically unrelated words and spurious word correspondence. In this article, we propose a regularization approach for the sequence-to-sequence model and make use of what the model has learned to regularize the learning objective to alleviate the effect of the problem. In addition, we propose a practical human evaluation method to address the problem that the existing automatic evaluation method does not evaluate the semantic consistency with the source content properly. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which outperforms almost all the existing models. Especially, the proposed approach improves the semantic consistency by 4% in terms of human evaluation.
ICER 2019 preview
Authors: McCartney Robert , Petersen Andrew , Robins Anthony , Moskal Adon
Published: May 2019

You are warmly invited to the fifteenth annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference, which will be held in Toronto, Canada, 12-14 August 2019. ICER provides a forum for presenting and publishing high-quality research in computing education. ICER 2019 will continue to feature its traditional single-track format, which is designed to encourage the authors and audience to engage in lively discussion about each work presented.
WiPSCE 2019 call for participation
Authors: Cutts Quintin
Published: May 2019

We invite you to submit a paper, report, or poster for the 14th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (WiPSCE 2019) and join us in Glasgow, Scotland, 23-25th October 2019.
Member spotlight
Authors: Davis Karen
Published: May 2019

In this feature of the Bulletin, we highlight members of the SIGCSE community. In this issue, Bulletin co-editor Karen Davis interviewed Maureen Doyle. Maureen Doyle is Professor and Chair of Computer Science at Northern Kentucky University in greater Cincinnati. Maureen currently serves as a co-Chair of the Academic Alliance for NCWIT, serves on the ACM-W TRIWIC conference committee, and is a past co-editor of the SIGCSE Bulletin. Maureen earned a BS in Mathematics from the UMass Lowell and an MS in Mathematics at Northeastern University. At the age of 38, she returned to graduate school so hoping to help others benefit from an education in computing. In 2004, she earned her PhD in Scientific Computing and Computational Mathematics from Stanford.
SIGCSE 2018 travel grant program awards
Authors: Decker Adrienne
Published: May 2019

The SIGCSE Board is pleased to announce the recipients of the 2018 Travel Grant Program awards (to attend SIGCSE Technical Symposium 2019). The Travel Grant Program was created thanks to the generosity of Henry Walker and provides faculty and teachers who have not previously attended the Symposium with up to $500 in travel support to do so. This year, to honor the 50th anniversary of the Technical Symposium, the SIGCSE Board authorized additional funds to allow for the awarding of 50 travel grants.
SIGCSE top ten symposium papers of all time award winners
Authors: Decker Adrienne
Published: May 2019

The SIGCSE Board created the SIGCSE Top Ten Symposium Papers of all Time Award to commemorate the 50th SIGCSE Technical Symposium held in Minneapolis, MN February 27-March 2, 2019. This award was created to recognize the outstanding papers published in the first 49 proceedings of the Annual ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.
Announcing the SIGCSE test of time award
Authors: Decker Adrienne , Weiss Mark Allen , Sheard Judithe
Published: May 2019

The SIGCSE Board is pleased to announce the creation of an ACM-approved SIG award, the SIGCSE Test of Time Award. This award will recognize an outstanding paper published in the SIGCSE community that has had meaningful impact on computing education practice and research. Unlike the Top Ten Symposium Papers award, this award will not be restricted to Technical Symposium papers; however, papers will need to have been published at least ten years prior to the award.
Paradigm Shifts in Global Higher Education and e-learning: An ecological perspective
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Hilbelink Amy
Published: May 2019

The digital knowledge age has changed our world in inexplicable ways, and education is not immune to these changes. In a time when online technologies, networked learning spaces, mobile devices, cloud computing, and many other innovative tools have resulted in a paradigm shift, we need to revisit what is known about the current state of the art in higher education and e-learning. This special issue aims to reflect the changes in global higher education with a special focus on e-learning.
Long noncoding RNAs in intestinal epithelium homeostasis
Authors: Xiao Lan , Gorospe Myriam , Wang Jian-Ying
Published: May 2019

The epithelium of the mammalian intestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through well-controlled mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a variety of biological functions and are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases. Here we highlight the roles of several lncRNAs expressed in the intestinal epithelium, including uc.173, SPRY4-IT1, H19, and Gata6, in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, focusing on the emerging evidence of lncRNAs in the regulation of intestinal mucosal regeneration and epithelial barrier function. We also discuss recent results that the interactions between lncRNAs with microRNAs and the RNA-binding protein HuR influence epithelial homeostasis. With rapidly advancing knowledge of lncRNAs, there is also growing recognition that lncRNAs in the intestinal epithelium might be promising therapeutic targets in our efforts to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium in response to stressful environments.
Diaphragm contractile weakness due to reduced mechanical loading: role of titin
Authors: van der Pijl Robbert J. , Granzier Henk L. , Ottenheijm Coen A. C.
Published: May 2019

The diaphragm, the main muscle of inspiration, is constantly subjected to mechanical loading. Only during controlled mechanical ventilation, as occurs during thoracic surgery and in the intensive care unit, is mechanical loading of the diaphragm arrested. Animal studies indicate that the diaphragm is highly sensitive to unloading, causing rapid muscle fiber atrophy and contractile weakness; unloading-induced diaphragm atrophy and contractile weakness have been suggested to contribute to the difficulties in weaning patients from ventilator support. The molecular triggers that initiate the rapid unloading atrophy of the diaphragm are not well understood, although proteolytic pathways and oxidative signaling have been shown to be involved. Mechanical stress is known to play an important role in the maintenance of muscle mass. Within the muscle's sarcomere, titin is considered to play an important role in the stress-response machinery. Titin is a giant protein that acts as a mechanosensor regulating muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion. Thus titin is an attractive candidate for sensing the sudden mechanical arrest of the diaphragm when patients are mechanically ventilated, leading to changes in muscle protein expression. Here, we provide a novel perspective on how titin and its biomechanical sensing and signaling might be involved in the development of mechanical unloading-induced diaphragm weakness.
Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects
Authors: Chatterjee Shampa , Tao Jian-Qin , Johncola Alyssa , Guo Wensheng , Caporale Alessandra , Langham Michael C. , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: May 2019

The effects of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosol inhalation by nonsmokers have not been examined to date. The present study was designed to evaluate the acute response to aerosol inhalation of non-nicotinized e-cigarettes in terms of oxidative stress and indices of endothelial activation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC). Ten smoking-naïve healthy subjects (mean age ± SD = 28.7 ± 5.5 yr) were subjected to an e-cig challenge, following which their serum was monitored for markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)] and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). The oxidative stress and inflammation burden of the circulating serum on the vascular network was also assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induction of ICAM-1 expression on HPMVEC. Our results show that serum indices of oxidative stress and inflammation increased significantly ( P < 0.05 as compared with baseline), reaching a peak at approximately 1–2 h post-e-cig aerosol inhalation and returning to baseline levels at 6 h. The circulatory burden of the serum (ICAM-1 and ROS) increased significantly at 2 h and returned to baseline values 6 h post-e-cig challenge. ROS production by HPMVEC was found to occur via activation of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathways. These findings suggest that even in the absence of nicotine, acute e-cig aerosol inhalation leads to a transient increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. This can adversely affect the vascular endothelial network by promoting oxidative stress and immune cell adhesion. Thus e-cig inhalation has the potential to drive the onset of vascular pathologies.