bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Α-Asarone Protects CCL4 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and cytokines
Authors: Tathe Prafulla R. , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Pathan Amjadkhan , Biyani Kailas
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to study the protective effect of alpha- Asarone in CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each containing six rats. CCL4 was given at a dosage of 0.5 mL/kg to produce hepatotoxicity, and serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and albumin, as well as hepatic hydroxyproline (HP), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), cytokines, and NO, were assessed. CCL4 treatment resulted in a decrease in body weight and an increase in liver weight in rats, while treatment with α- Asarone resulted in normal body and liver weight. Serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, HP, GSH, MDA, and cytokines were increased in CCL4 treated rats. α- Asarone-treated rats showed a reduction in oxidative stress as well as inhibited the release of cytokines in dose dependent manner and showed protection against hepatotoxicity. From the study, we conclude that, α- Asarone has a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4.

Keywords: CCL4; Hepatotoxicity; ALT; oxidative stress; α- Asarone; Cytokine.
Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eriocitrin: A Review
Authors: Rustam Muhanifa , Ifora Ifora , Fauziah Fitra
Published: May 2022

Background: Inflammation is a natural reaction that the body has when exposed to physical damage. Inflammation in numerous organs implies atherosclerosis, diabetes, dermatitis, arthritis, obesity, and cancer. The review's objective was to summarize the currently known eriocitrin's anti-inflammatory effects. Methods:  A review was conducted on a study of the anti-inflammatory effects of eriocitrin conducted from January 2010 to April 2021. Results: Based on eligibility criteria, six studies were included in this study consisting of in vitro and in vivo studies. Some pharmacological studies have suggested that eriocitrin has the potential to treat diseases involving inflammatory responses. Nitric Oxide (NO), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, MPO, MAPK, and MMP-9 secretion were reduced by eriocitrin, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but increases the content of IL-10, Nrf2, DUSP14, HO-1, and NQ01. Conclusions: Eriocitrin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Keywords: eriocitrin; flavonoids; inflammation
Determination of the survivability parameters of a reinforced concrete spatial frame operating under conditions of a complex stress state
Authors: Osovskikh Olga E. , Osovskikh Evgeny V. , Travush Vladimir I.
Published: May 2022

The calculation for stability against progressive collapse in a dynamic setting, regulated by the norms, contains general recommendations on the possibility of taking into account a pliable foundation and including non-load-bearing elements in the calculation model without determining the limits of their applicability. The results of experimental studies and numerical analysis of a reinforced concrete experimental design of a spatial frame - a fragment of the frame of a multi-storey building in limiting and transcendental states are compared. The features of deformation of the structural system before and after the beyond-design impact, which causes its sudden structural restructuring, are established. Numerical studies were performed with and without considering the pliable foundation, as well as including or not including non-load-bearing elements in the calculation. Satisfactory agreement between the data of experimental studies and the results of dynamic calculation has been obtained. As one of the variants of the calculation model, a modified scheme was adopted, the constituent part of which are the elements of the calculation model of the second level - a fragment of the frame, modeled by volumetric and flat finite elements. It has been established that the results of the dynamic calculation of the experimental fragment are consistent with the experimental data only when taking into account the elements of the load device and real boundary conditions, including the deformable base.
A method for strengthening arched buildings with insufficient bearing capacity of supports for the perception of the strut
Authors: Khusainov Damir M. , Salimov Aydar F. , Khabibulina Albina G.
Published: May 2022

A new way to strengthen arched buildings with insufficient bearing capacity of the supports for the perception of the strut is proposed. That method can be implemented in the conditions of architectural and structural solutions of buildings with the presence of zones which prevent the traditional placement of puffs. There are no research results on this problem in the literature. On the example of a frameless arched building with insufficient bearing capacity of the supports for the perception of the strut, the application of the anticipated reinforcement method is considered with the reduction of two options for anchoring the supports of the arched building with puffs installed for the perception of the strut to semi-buried and sunken ground anchor. For the arched building under consideration, theoretical studies were carried out to determine the prestress value in the installed puffs, at which the load-bearing capacity of the arched building is provided for the variant of the asymmetric snow design load. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry is that for the first time a method of strengthening arched buildings with insufficient bearing capacity of supports for the perception of the strut is suggested. The projected method of reinforcement is an effective, novel way to increase the load-bearing capacity of structures and supports of arched buildings and can be used in the conditions of architectural and structural solutions of buildings with the presence of zones that prevent the traditional placement of puffs.
Models equivalent in damping in experiments for determining the parameters of internal friction in materials
Authors: Zylev Vladimir B. , Platnov Pavel O.
Published: May 2022

The work is devoted to improving the methods of experimental determination of internal friction parameters in materials. The aim of the laboratory experiments is to obtain physical parameters of the material that allow to take into account the damping forces in a uniaxial stress state. The research is focused on the internal friction model, which is based on the use of the generalized Prandtl model, that gives frequency-independent internal friction and allowing for the dependence of internal friction on the level of time-varying stresses. Damped oscillations during pure bending are recorded on a specially made laboratory installation. The description of the installation, the reference points of which coincide with the fixed points of the realized form of natural oscillations, is provided. The algorithm of cameral processing of experimental data is obtained. It is proposed to use a virtual system equivalent in damping. This is a system with one dynamic degree of freedom. The involvement of an imaginary system permits, after performing tests of the sample for pure bending, to acquire data corresponding to stretching - compression. The technique grants the use of long samples, which reduces the negative effect of stress concentration in the anchorages. The damping equivalent scheme makes it possible to use samples with an arbitrary cross-section. The found damping parameters for low-carbon steel are given.
Use of natural compounds as a nutrition for bacteria in self-healing mortar
Authors: Galishnikova Vera V. , Elroba Sherif M. , Dayoub Nbras , Sakna Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation, or calcium carbonate CaCO3, is used in remediating cracks and fissures in concrete. Since the microbial activity is pollution-free, natural, that process is extremely desired and may solve concrete cracking without sacrificing mechanical properties. The effects of different nutrient on the self-healing process are elucidated. Nutrients provide the required sources of energy for the bacterial growth and metabolic activities. A species of bacteria Bacillus sphaericus was added to the cement mix at a ratio of 0.6% of cement weight with three organic compounds for nutrients (calcium lactate, yeast extract and peptone) at 0.30% of cement weight. Effects on setting time, rate of water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength were studied. It was found that bacteria nutrition acts as an accelerator for cement pastes for initial setting time mortar, while acts as a retarder of cement pastes for final setting time for all bacterial compared to control mortar. Finally, bacterial mortars with different types of nutrients showed an increase in compressive and flexural strengths with yeast extract showing the most promising enhancements, resulting in 26.5 and 60% increase in compressive and flexural strength respectively.
Memorial stele on a compact spherical support: design-and-engineering solutions, design-basis justification
Authors: Petrov Dmitrii V. , Yudov Aleksandr G. , Dotsenko Vladislav V. , Zhabunina Olga Yu. , Kalaturov Egor V. , Natynchik Nadezhda M. , Abramov Aleksei V. , Nikulshin Maksim V.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the design of the architectural and artistic composition “Memorial stele on a local spherical support” (KB-1 Stele), as well as the analysis of design solutions and the calculated justification of the strength and stability of the KB-1 Stele to external influences in conditions of the most intense climatic influences with parameters set according to building codes and regulations. The design of the KB-1 Stele is a vertically installed overall mass model of a peaceful nuclear explosive device weighing 2.8 tons and 2.8 meters high with hemispherical covers. In accordance with the terms of reference, it was required to preserve the appearance of the device as accurately as possible by placing it on a small local support. The peculiarity of the design lies in its angular mobility relative to the support. To ensure a stable equilibrium state of the stele, a hinge is organized at the place of support, the stele is installed freely by the lower sphere on an intermediate stand with a specially selected spherical surface. Additionally, the center of mass of the stele is significantly reduced by lightening (thinning the walls) of the upper part of the body and installing additional cargo in its lower part. As a result, under the action of external lateral loads, the stele acquires a stable position with possible fluctuations in the tumbler type and with a return to its original state. Analytical and numerical computational studies were performed to substantiate the strength and stability of the KB-1 Stele under external loads. It is shown that the developed design meets the regulatory requirements and is safe in operation.
Outbreak of abomasal bloat in goat kids due to Clostridium ventriculi and Clostridium perfringens type A in Brazil
Authors: Balaro Mário Felipe , Gonçalves Fernanda , Leal Felipe Seabra , Cosentino Isabel , Vignoli Júlia , Silva Nathalia , Brandão Felipe , Nassar Alessandra Figueiredo , Miyashiro Simone , Cunha Nathalie , Fava Claudia Del
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to describe an outbreak of abomasal bloat in kid goats
and its clinical, pathological, microbiological, molecular, and
epidemiological characteristics. In the kidding season, increased
mortality of kid goats with a history of abdominal bloating, dullness,
and death was reported. Clinical examinations were carried out, and
biological samples from necropsied kids (n = 11) were collected for
pathological, microbiological, and molecular diagnosis. Likewise, an
epidemiological survey was carried out in order to verify possible
associated factors related to the disorder. A therapeutic protocol was
also implemented. The main necropsy findings were dehydration, pale
mucosa, ascites, abomasal and intestinal meteorism and congestion,
emphysematous abomasitis, and cranial areas of lung consolidation.
Through staining techniques for cytological evaluations of the abomasum,
it was possible to identify Gram positive bacteria, coccoid, with a
cuboid shape suggestive of Clostridium ventriculi, Gram positive bacilli
suggestive of Clostridium perfringens and ovoid basophilic yeasts
compatible with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By anaerobic culture and
molecular tests, C. ventriculi and C. perfringens type A were confirmed.
The main histopathological findings were cholangiohepatitis, nephrosis,
emphysematous abomasitis, hyalinization of the gastric and intestinal
walls, gastroenteritis, intestinal thromboembolism, pulmonary edema, and
non-purulent pneumonia, overall suggesting a systemic enterotoxemia
picture. The early detection of sick kids and quick initiation of
treatment were the primary determinants of the prognosis of each case.
There was a final mortality rate of 24.4% (20/82), and the agents C.
perfringens type A and C. ventriculi were identified as the main ones
involved, with the possible participation of S. cerevisiae. Among the
possible associated factors, the erroneous use of the milk replacer
associated with inadequate kid management was verified. Among the
prophylactic measures, hygiene care, proper use of milk replacer,
vaccination plan containing C. perfringens alpha toxoid associated with
a good colostrum management were suggested.
Leveraging circadian rhythms to study host-gut microbe interactions in wildlife
Authors: Schmid Dominik W. , Capilla-Lasheras Pablo , Dominoni Davide M. , Müller-Klein Nadine , Sommer Simone , Risely Alice
Published: May 2022

Daily light-dark cycles shape the physiology and activity patterns of
nearly all organisms. Recent evidence that gut microbial oscillations
synchronise circadian rhythms in host immunity and metabolism indicate
that diurnal dynamics is a crucial component of microbiome function.
However, their prevalence and functional significance are rarely tested
in natural populations. Here we summarize the hallmarks of gut
microbiota oscillations and the mechanisms by which they synchronise
rhythms in host immunity and metabolism. We discuss the consequences for
diverse biological processes such as host pathogen susceptibility and
seasonal switches in metabolism, and outline how the breakdown of these
circadian interactions, for example during senescence and as a
consequence of urbanisation, may affect wildlife infection risk and
disease. Lastly, we provide practical guidelines for the measurement of
microbial oscillations in wildlife, highlighting that whilst wild
animals are rarely available over a 24-hour period, characterising even
parts of the cycle can be informative. Light-dark cycles are an almost
universal environmental cue and provide a rare opportunity to generalise
gut microbial responses across species. An improved understanding of how
microbial rhythms manifest in wildlife is essential to fully comprehend
their ecological significance.
A new three-point linearized conservative compact difference scheme based on reduction order method for the RLW equation
Authors: Zhong Ruihua , Wang X.F. , He Yuyu
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new fourth-order compact difference scheme based on the
reduction order method is proposed for solving the regularized long wave
(RLW) equation. The compact finite difference scheme is three-level and
linear. The discrete mass and discrete energy, boundedness and
uniqueness of the present compact scheme are proved. Convergence and
stability of the compact scheme are also analyzed by using the discrete
energy method. Our compact scheme has the rates of convergence of
second-order in temporal direction and fourth-order in spatial
direction, respectively. Numerical examples are carried out to verify
the reliability of the theory analysis.
Approximation of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for problems of diffraction by planar obstacles covered with thin dielectric multilayers
Authors: Alliti Bachir , Laadj Toufik , M'hamed-messaoud Khaled
Published: May 2022

We are interested in problems of diffraction of an acoustic or
electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting planar obstacle coated
with thin multilayers of dielectric materials. The aim is to obtain
boundary condition that replaces the effect of dielectric thin layers.
This condition is constructed from an approximation of the
Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. In this paper, we analyze the
construction and the approximation of this operator.
Potential biomarkers for clinical outcomes: screening in follicular fluid and embryo culture fluid in PCOS patients
Authors: Guan Shanyue , Liu Yuanyuan , Guo Yuhan , Shen Xiaoxue , Liu Yan , Jin Haixia
Published: May 2022

Objective: To analyze the different metabolites and related metabolic
pathways in follicular fluid and embryo culture fluid of polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS groups. Finding markers predictable
for clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)
treatment. Design: Single center cross-sectional study Setting: Center
for Reproductive Medicine, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated
Hospital. From September 2019 to October 2019 Population and sample: 60
women who underwent IVF-ET were selected, including 30 with PCOS and 30
with the fallopian tubal issues only. We collected the first tube of
follicular fluid (FF) and the wasted embryo culture medium (ECM) of all
women. Methods: All samples were performed nontargeted Ultra High
Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS)
analysis. Related metabolic pathways were screened by KEGG annotation.
To search potential indicators, the logistic regression was made
combined with clinical data. Mean outcome measures: Predictive
performance of markers for clinical outcomes (pregnancy rate, delivery
rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate). Results: Comparing the PCOS
group against the non-PCOS group, we found 11 significantly different
metabolites in the FF and 56 in the ECM. And a total of 11 kinds of
biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes. Androsterone sulfate,
Glycerophosphocholine, and Elaidic carnitine seem robust to predict the
abortion rate of the PCOS group, with AUC of 0.941, 0.933, 0.933,
respectively. The glycerol phospholipid metabolic pathway is enriched in
both the follicular fluid and embryo culture fluid. Conclusions: The
differential metabolites were mainly a variety of lipids. Some of them
can predict clinical outcomes to a certain extent.
Transient Cortical Blindness, a Rare Complication During Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography: A Case Report and Literature review
Authors: Sarkodie Benjamin , Jimah Bashiru , Anim Dorothea , Brakohiapa Edmund , Jackson Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Transient cortical blindness (TCB) is a rare cerebral angiography
complication with unknown etiology. A patient with a wide-neck cavernous
aneurysm developed TCB. Vision restored spontaneously one hour after
angiography, with no lasting neurological deficit. Three hours after the
incident, MRI indicated no abnormalities.
Ovarian torsion masquerade as appendicitis in 8–10 weeks’ pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Harumsari Stefani , Mustofa Edy
Published: May 2022

Ovarian torsion in pregnancy is an emergency, but it is frequently
misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific symptoms. We report a pregnancy
with ovarian torsion, which was previously misdiagnosed as acute
appendicitis in 33-year-old G2P1 woman with the last menstrual period at
8–10 weeks.
Ovarian torsion masquerade as appendicitis in 8–10 weeks pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Harumsari Stefani , Mustofa Edy
Published: May 2022

Ovarian torsion in pregnancy is an emergency, but it is frequently
misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific symptoms. We report a pregnancy
with ovarian torsion, which was previously misdiagnosed as acute
appendicitis in 33-year-old G2P1 woman with the last menstrual period at
8–10 weeks.
The synergic effect of garlic extract and astragalus extract-green synthesized CuO nanoparticles on tuberculosis infection: An in vivo study
Authors: Zamanian Zohreh , Tajbakhsh Elahe , ArbabSoleimani Nazila
Published: May 2022

In this study, the effect of garlic and astragalus extract’s-synthesized
copper oxide nanoparticles (A-CuO NPs) on the expression of ESAT6
protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) was evaluated. After
isolating herbal extracts and synthesis of the NPs, the susceptibility
of the strains to the prepared mixture was measured using Minimal
Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
(MBC). Then, Clark et al.’s method was used to induce TB infection in
rats. After induction of the disease, rats received a mixture of garlic
extract and A-CuO NPs at a concentration of 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for
21 days. The antimicrobial studies of garlic extract and A-CuO NPs
indicated the susceptibility of the bacterial strain to the studied
extract. Biochemical, antioxidant assessment and pathological evaluation
was also determined. ESAT6 gene sequences was determined by PCR method.
The results showed negative tuberculin test in half of the rats treated
with the prepared mixture at a concentration of 100 mg/kg body weight of
rats. In conclusion feeding of infected rats with the mixture of garlic
extract and A-CuO NPs. On the contrary, in the group fed with the
prepared mixture at the concentration of 100 mg/kg half of the rats
showed negative test.
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MSCs-derived Exosomes for Treatment of Resistant Perianal Fistula in IBD patients; Clinical Trial Phase I
Authors: Nazari Hojjatollah , Heirani Asieh , Soleimani Masoud , Asbagh Reza Akbari , behboudi behnam , Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Rahimi Mojgan , Keramati Mohammad Reza , Keshvari Amir , Kazemeini Alireza , Alborzi Foroogh , tafti seyed mohsen ahmadi
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives:

Exosomes therapy is a promising technique that can decrease the concern
related to the fate of transplanted stem cells to the fistula location.
The unique properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes
can improve fistula healing because of their high ability to regulate
and modify immune responses. This project aims to examine the safety and
efficacy of implementing MSCs-exosomes in treating refractory fistulas
in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods:

The exosomes were isolated from umbilical cord-derived MSCs and
characterized using flow cytometry, western blotting, and transmittance
electron microscope (TEM). Five patients (three men and two women) with
refractory perianal Crohn’s disease with an average age of 35.4 years
old were included. The patients did not match the exclusion criteria,
and the presence of refractory fistulas was the main inclusion criteria.
These patients have their exosomes injections in the operation room. The
therapy responses of patients were assessed using physical examination,
face-to-face interviews, computerized tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) six months later.

Result:

The Following injection, patients reported a 70% improvement on
average. Two patients claimed complete healing after exosome injections,
while one patient reported no improvement and active discharge from the
fistula site. In addition, five patients reported no adverse effects,
both systemic or on the injection site.

Conclusion: Injection of exosomes extracted from MSCs shows
total safety and a satisfactory therapeutic impact, as shown in this and
other research, and could play a significant role in the treatment of
gastrointestinal fistulas in the future.
Humidity during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared to intermittent positive pressure ventilation in extremely preterm neonates: an in-vitro and in-vivo observational study.
Authors: Danan Claude , Tauzin Manon , Jung Camille , Durrmeyer Xavier , Caeymaex Laurence , Treussart Charles , Decobert Fabrice , Louis Bruno
Published: May 2022

Background: Inappropriate humidification of inspired gas during
mechanical ventilation can impair lung development in extremely low
birthweight (ELBW) infants. Humidification depends on multiple factors,
such as the heater-humidifier device used, type of ventilation, and
environmental factors. Few studies have examined inspired gas
humidification in these infants, especially during high-frequency
oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Our objective was to compare humidity
during HFOV and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), in
vitro and in vivo. Methods: In-vitro and in-vivo studies used
the same ventilator during both HFOV and IPPV. The bench study used a
neonatal test lung and 2 heater-humidifiers with their specific
circuits; the in-vivo study prospectively included preterm infants born
before 28 weeks of gestation.  Results: On bench testing, mean
absolute (AH) and relative (RH) humidity values were significantly lower
during HFOV than IPPV (RH = 79.4% ± 8.1% vs 89.0% ± 6.2%,
P<0.001). Regardless of the ventilatory mode, mean relative
humidity significantly differed between the 2 heater-humidifiers (89.6%
± 6.7% vs 78.7% ± 6.8%, P=0.003). The in-vivo study included 10
neonates (mean ± SD gestational age: 25.7 ± 0.9 weeks and birth weight:
624.4 ± 96.1 g). Mean relative humidity during HFOV was significantly
lower than during IPPV (74.6% ± 5.7% vs 83.0 ± 6.7%, P=0.004). 
Conclusion: Relative humidity was significantly lower during
HFOV than IPPV, both in vitro and in vivo. The type of heater-humidifier
also influenced humidification. More systematic measurements of humidity
of inspired gas, especially during HFOV, should be considered to
optimize humidification and consequently lung protection in ELBW
infants.
Effects of pH and calcium salt stress on the seed germination performance of three herbage species
Authors: Wang Zhaoyi , Tian Sihui , Wang Jigao , Shuai Honggang , Zhang Yaoyao , Wang Yuefeng , Jin Baocheng , Zhao Xuechun
Published: May 2022

Seed germination is critical for successful crop production, and the
sensitivity to pH and salt stress depends on the plant’s tolerance
mechanisms. In view of the characteristics of calcium-rich and acidic
soils in the karst areas of Guizhou Province, China, the effects of pH
stress and calcium stress on the seed germination characteristics of
three herbages were studied with the goal of exploring and revealing the
mechanism of adaptation of the three herbages to an acidic soil
environment and providing a theoretical basis for the selection and
cultivation of acid-tolerant herbages in southwest China. In this study,
six concentration gradients of CaCl2, including 0, 25 mmol/L, 50 mmol/L,
100 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L, and 200 mmol/L, and seven pH gradients,
including 4.55, 5.35, 6.61, 7.03, 8.0, and 9.18 were established,
respectively. The germination rate, germination potential and
germination index of the seedlings were measured for each seed
germination and seedling growth stage of orchardgrass, perennial
ryegrass, and alfalfa, respectively. The results showed that when the
concentration of salt stress began to change, the herbage seeds could
adapt to salt stress at an appropriate pH condition. When only the pH
value or CaCl2 concentration changes, the increase in pH and CaCl2 will
inhibit the growth of shoots and roots. Weak acid can promote the growth
of shoots and young roots, while alkaline conditions can inhibit their
growth. The effect of a low concentration of CaCl2 was not apparent,
while a high concentration of CaCl2 clearly inhibited the plants. The
optimal pH and CaCl2 of the bud and root lengths changed after the
interaction. In conclusion, there is a substantial difference between pH
and calcium salt stress, and the interaction between pH and calcium salt
concentration has a substantial influence on the salt and alkali
tolerance of the three types of seeds.
The role of Turkey in the second Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh as a reflection of continuity and change in its foreign policy
Authors: Jovic-Lazic Ana
Published: May 2022

The article examines Turkey?s role in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh that erupted between Azerbaijan and Armenia in September 2020. It analyses how changes and continuity in Turkey?s foreign policy have influenced the conflict?s outcome, as well as the extent to which it has been exploited to fulfil Turkey?s foreign policy objectives. Thus, unlike most research on Nagorno-Karabakh, this article focuses on the role of one external actor, and not on the conflict itself or possible hypotheses for its resolution. The article?s special focus was influenced by the fact that Turkey?s participation resulted in a change in the long-standing status quo in Nagorno-Karabakh, allowing the situation to turn dramatically in Baku?s favour. Turkey, along with Russia, has emerged as one of the most important regional players in this conflict. This is the result of Turkey?s emphasised foreign policy ambitions, which were influenced by changes in its international security environment as well as changes in the country?s domestic policy. In any case, with its role in the second conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey has once again shown its determination to pursue its foreign, and especially regional, policy independently and in accordance with its national interests, despite being a member of NATO.
Analysis of outcome predictors in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Lucic-Prokin Aleksandra , Cvjetinovic Jelena , Spasic Aleksandar , Zivanovic Zeljko
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is not a monophasic event,
but a condition characterized by hematoma expansion with mechanical damage
to the surrounding tissue. The development of multiple complications is
associated with a high mortality rate of 40%. In order to make therapeutic
decisions, it is important to know what factors predict the outcome in these
patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome prediction scales in
patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage according to functional
outcome at 7 and 30 days after the onset. Material and Methods. A three-year
retrospective study (2017 - 2019) included 116 patients treated at the
Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. The
collected data included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the
original intracerebral hemorrhage score, the modified Graeb score and
Glasgow coma scale. Demographic data, localization, shape and volume of
hematomas, as well as occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage were
compared. Results. In the group of 116 patients, male gender was dominant
(82%) as well as the age over 65 years (56%); Glasgow coma scale: 1.5
interquartile range = 1 - 2 points, National Institutes of Health Stroke
Scale 24, interquartile range = 15 - 32, intracerebral hemorrhage score 3 -
4 (68.1%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was found in 82.3% and oval hematoma
in 71.6% of patients. The mortality rate was highest in the first 7 days
(41.4%). The 7-day and 30-day mortality was significantly associated with
the intracerebral hemorrhage score (p = 0.000) and the intracerebral
hemorrhage volume (p = 0.014). Conclusion. Elderly men with known vascular
risk factors are prone to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The
intracerebral hemorrhage score and hematoma volume may be the potential
indicators of poor outcome in the first 7 days of spontaneous intracerebral
hemorrhage.
Real-world Methotrexate Use in a Prospective Cohort of Paediatric Patients with Plaque Psoriasis: Effectiveness, Adverse Events and Folic Acid Regimen
Authors: Bruins Finola M. , Van Acht Maartje R. , Bronckers Inge M.G.J. , Groenewoud Hans M.M. , De Jong Elke M.G.J. , Seyger Marieke M.B.
Published: May 2022

In paediatric psoriasis, few studies have evaluated methotrexate effectiveness, adverse events and folic acid regimen. Therefore this study prospectively assessed methotrexate adverse events and effectiveness in paediatric patients with psoriasis in a real-world setting. Furthermore, gastrointestinal adverse events and methotrexate effectiveness were compared between folic acid regimens (5 mg once weekly vs 1 mg 6 times weekly). Data for paediatric patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate from September 2008 to October 2020 were extracted from Child-CAPTURE, a prospective, daily clinical practice registry. Effectiveness was determined by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Comparison of persistent gastrointestinal adverse events between folic acid regimens were assessed through Kaplan–Meier analysis. A total of 105 paediatric patients with plaque psoriasis (41.0% male, mean age 14.1 years) were included. At week 24 and 48, an absolute PASI ≤ 2.0 was achieved by approximately one-third of all patients. During follow-up, 46.7% reported ≥ 1 persistent adverse events. After 1 and 2 years, approximately one-quarter of patients achieved a PASI ≤ 2.0 without persistent adverse events. Although non-significant, a possible trend towards lower occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse events was found for folic acid 1 mg 6 times weekly (p = 0.196), with similar effectiveness between folic acid regimens. These findings show that a subgroup of paediatric patients with psoriasis responded well to methotrexate treatment without considerable side-effects during a 2-year follow-up.
Sonidegib in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Herms Florian , Baroudjian Barouyr , Delyon Julie , Laly Pauline , Tetu Pauline , Lebbe Celeste , Basset-Seguin Nicole
Published: May 2022

Sonidegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, is indicated for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, based on the results of the BOLT study. However, to date, no real-world study of sonidegib has been reported. An observational, retrospective, single-centre study (PaSoS study) was conducted. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of sonidegib for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma in a real-world setting. Secondary objectives included modalities of use, tolerability, tumour evolution, and management after discontinuation. A total of 21 patients treated with sonidegib were included from March 2018 to January 2021. The median follow-up was 18.7 months and median exposure 7.0 months. Objective response (OR) rate was 81.0% (n = 17) including 6 (29%) patients with a complete response (CR). Disease control rate was 100%. First tumour response was rapid, with a median time of 2.3 months. Nine (43%) patients underwent surgery after sonidegib discontinuation, and no relapse was observed. All the patients experienced at least 1 adverse event (AE). Muscle spasms were the most frequent AE (n = 14; 67%), followed by dysgeusia (n = 8; 38%) and alopecia (n = 12; 57%). The efficacy and safety profile of sonidegib in this first-to-date real-life trial are consistent with prior results. Overall, real-world evidence corroborated sonidegib efficacy and tolerability as a first-line treatment for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum Infection
Authors: Linse Kai-Philipp , Bogdan Christian , Haenssle Holger A. , Toberer Ferdinand
Published: May 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communcation)
An overview on synthetic administrative data for research
Authors: Kokosi Theodora , De Stavola Bianca , Mitra Robin , Frayling Lora , Doherty Aiden , Dove Iain , Sonnenberg Pam , Harron Katie
Published: May 2022

Use of administrative data for research and for planning services has increased over recent decades due to the value of the large, rich information available. However, concerns about the release of sensitive or personal data and the associated disclosure risk can lead to lengthy approval processes and restricted data access. This can delay or prevent the production of timely evidence. A promising solution to facilitate more efficient data access is to create synthetic versions of the original datasets which do not hold any confidential information and can minimise disclosure risk. Such data may be used as an interim solution, allowing researchers to develop their analysis plans on non-disclosive data, whilst waiting for access to the real data. We aim to provide an overview of the background and uses of synthetic data, describe common methods used to generate synthetic data in the context of UK administrative research, propose a simplified terminology for categories of synthetic data, and illustrate challenges and future directions for research.
Acquaintance and Descriptions in Early Philosophy of Bertrand Russell
Authors: Stoenescu Constantin
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to offer an analysis of early Russell’s theories of acquaintance and description. He tried to offer a solution to the Meinong’s problem of non-existent entities and used formal logic to develop a theory of definite descriptions which was related to the epistemological principle of acquaintance. I agree the view that the historical Russell changed some of his views but the principle of acquaintance remained “the structural core” in his philosophy. I try to argue that acquaintance is also a regulative principle in his logical atomism, even if at the first glance his main interest was another. The problem of the so called propositional constituents brings to light this hidden presupposition and reveals again his empiricist view fixed in a relational framework.
The Ability of Language to Reflect Reality: Reference Theory and Dictionary Theory
Authors: Koval Anatolii
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the fundamental problem of hermeneutics and the whole study of language as a means of communication - the ability of language to reflect reality. The study begins with an overview of the problem and the authors who dealt with it. This is followed by a detailed review of referential theory as the main and oldest theory in the study of language functions. The next part of the article discusses one of the modern theories in philosophy – the theory of dictionaries by Richard Rorty. It is concluded that the referential theory, although useful and fundamental, is very far from a full and comprehensive explanation of the functioning of language. It is correct in its basis, but does not explain most cases of language use, when the meanings of words and expressions are variable, ambiguous and contextually adaptive. Instead, Richard Rorty's theory of dictionaries is more flexible, broad, and explains those aspects of language use that are not covered by reference theory. The theory of dictionaries is essentially a pragmatic theory. It reflects the attempts of postmodern philosophers to free all spheres of human activity (including speech) from authoritarianism and the fixation of more traditional approaches.
Kasimir Twardowski: From Local Philosophical School to Global Recognition. Review of: “Rozum i wola. Kazimierz Twardowski i jego wpływ na kształt kultury polskiej XX wieku”. Jacek Jadacki (red.). Lublin: Wydawnictwo Academicon, 2021. 574 s.
Authors: Karivets' Ihor
Published: May 2022

A new collective monograph on the founder of the Lviv-Warsaw School Kazimierz Twardowski, edited by Jacek Jadacki, a professor at the University of Warsaw, deepens our knowledge of this outstanding figure in Polish culture and science. This collective monograph reveals Kazimierz Twardowski as a multifaceted personality: a patriot, a philosopher, a teacher, and a scholar. The review examines all sections of the collective monograph, which are united by a common goal – to show the uniqueness of the figure of Kazimierz Twardowski. He managed to create a philosophical school with its methodology and approaches to solving philosophical problems, which gradually changed its meaning from local to global, pan-European and even global within the framework of analytical philosophy.
Introduction
Authors: Hiruta Kei
Published: May 2022

This chapter traces the development of the unfortunate relationship between the historical figures of Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin. It explores Arendt's and Berlin's life stories and reconstructs the relevant contexts to illuminate the two thinkers' ideas and their comparative strengths and weaknesses. The chapter also elaborates their ideas in the abstract, bracketing the contexts in which these were produced, circulated and consumed. The chapter discusses a set of fundamental issues that simultaneously connected and divided the protagonists. They connected in that they were central to both Arendt's and Berlin's thought; and they divided in that they were answered by the two thinkers in conflicting ways. The chapter then assesses the two thinkers' individual arguments on their own merits, instead of supporting either of them indiscriminately.
The Shifting Logics of Historical Fiction
Authors: Koenigs Thomas
Published: May 2022

This chapter evaluates how the antebellum period sees the widespread acceptance of fiction as an important branch of American letters and the increasing ascendance of an understanding of fiction reading as a private leisure activity oriented toward moral and aesthetic self-culture. It focuses on historical fiction, because its enduring popularity allows it to capture a subtle, but significant, transformation in how fiction was discussed, debated, and valued across this period. Historical fiction's important role in the widespread acceptance of fiction in the antebellum United States has been well documented. What has been overlooked is a related shift in how historical fictionality was justified across this period that crystallizes the terms of this wider acceptance. The evolving justifications for historical fiction reveal a gradual but decisive shift in the discourse about fiction, as a set of intertwined aesthetic and moral standards for valuing and evaluating fiction increasingly supplanted the intertwined epistemological and moral questions that had predominated in earlier debates.
Hoaxing in an Age of Novels
Authors: Koenigs Thomas
Published: May 2022

This chapter assesses how modern scholarship's tendency to treat most fabricated narratives as self-evidently fictional novels has obscured how Jacksonian writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Robert Montgomery Bird, developed new liminal modes of fictional and nonfictional address to encourage readers to scrutinize the tacit assumptions shaping their reading. Their literary hoaxes capture fictionists' simultaneous participation in and disavowal of the “artful deception” that featured so prominently in antebellum popular culture. Poe and Bird eschewed conventional fictionality to raise anew the very epistemological questions about delusion, credulity, and fraud that were becoming more marginal to discussions of fiction over this very decade. While the chapter situates these hoaxes in relation to this era's general fascination with humbug, it focuses more narrowly on two texts: Bird's Sheppard Lee, Written by Himself (1836) and Poe's Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838). These texts reveal, in an especially vivid way, how the dominant history of the novel paradigm has obscured the widely differing varieties of fictional address circulating in the antebellum United States.
The Roman Republic of Letters
Authors: Volk Katharina
Published: May 2022

This book explores a fascinating chapter of intellectual history, focusing on the literary senators of the mid-first century BCE who came to blows over the future of Rome even as they debated philosophy, history, political theory, linguistics, science, and religion. It was a period of intense cultural flourishing and extreme political unrest—and the agents of each were very often the same people. Members of the senatorial class, including Cicero, Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Cato, Varro, and Nigidius Figulus, contributed greatly to the development of Roman scholarship and engaged in a lively and often polemical exchange with one another. These men were also crucially involved in the tumultuous events that brought about the collapse of the Republic, and they ended up on opposite sides in the civil war between Caesar and Pompey in the early 40s. The book treats the intellectual and political activities of these “senator scholars” as two sides of the same coin, exploring how scholarship and statesmanship mutually informed one another—and how the acquisition, organization, and diffusion of knowledge was bound up with the question of what it meant to be a Roman in a time of crisis. By revealing how first-century Rome's remarkable “republic of letters” was connected to the fight over the actual res publica, the book captures the complexity of this pivotal period.
The Lady Chatterley’s Lover Trial
Authors: Hilliard Christopher
Published: May 2022

This chapter covers Lady Chatterley's Lover Trial. The 1960 Penguin Books trial was a contest over the authority of a patrician elite that Mervyn Griffith-Jones personified. Griffith-Jones' infamous question about wives and servants discredited class-based variable obscenity. The contemporary efforts to reform the laws of divorce, homosexuality, and obscene publications were spearheaded by liberalizing elites challenging traditions important for their class. Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart became influential interpreters of contemporary Britain while being also testimony to the heft of literary criticism in the mid-twentieth century. D. H. Lawrence's novels had a profound influence on Leavisite thinking about life under “industrial society.”
Jews and Their Roman Rivals
Authors: Berthelot Katell
Published: May 2022

Throughout their history, Jews have lived under a succession of imperial powers, from Assyria and Babylonia to Persia and the Hellenistic kingdoms. This book shows how the Roman Empire posed a unique challenge to Jewish thinkers such as Philo, Josephus, and the Palestinian rabbis, who both resisted and internalized Roman standards and imperial ideology. The book traces how, long before the empire became Christian, Jews came to perceive Israel and Rome as rivals competing for supremacy. Both considered their laws to be the most perfect ever written, and both believed they were a most pious people who had been entrusted with a divine mission to bring order and peace to the world. The book argues that the rabbinic identification of Rome with Esau, Israel's twin brother, reflected this sense of rivalry. It discusses how this challenge transformed ancient Jewish ideas about military power and the use of force, law and jurisdiction, and membership in the people of Israel. The book argues that Jewish thinkers imitated the Romans in some cases and proposed competing models in others. Shedding new light on Jewish thought in antiquity, the book reveals how Jewish encounters with pagan Rome gave rise to crucial evolutions in the ways Jews conceptualized the Torah and conversion to Judaism.
The Unique Challenge of the Roman Empire
Authors: Berthelot Katell
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines how the Jews lost their political independence, saw foreign military forces occupying Judea, and were subject to taxes under the Romans. It describes specific changes at the beginning of the Roman period at the regional or local level. The Roman rules in Egypt brought negative changes for the Jews in social and fiscal status, with the introduction of a personal tax called the laographia or capitatio. The chapter explains that the personal tax was a consequence of the Roman redefinition of the category of “Hellenes” and did not target the Jews as such. The chapter recounts the Jews' political situation that changed most significantly during the first century BCE and the first century CE in Judea. In 37 BCE, Judea had a king again, in the person of Herod the Great, but he was a client king of Rome, including his descendants.