bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Production and Consumption: The Role for Fish and Seafood in a Healthy and Sustainable Australian Diet
Authors: Bogard Jessica R. , Farmery Anna K. , Baird Danielle L. , Hendrie Gilly A. , Zhou Shijie
Published: August 2019

Fish and seafood consumption in Australia has been growing, yet the implications of this trend across the food system, from both a health and sustainability perspective have not been fully explored. This paper aims to map out the fish and seafood food system in Australia, linking production and consumption, to articulate challenges and opportunities for enhancing the sector’s contribution to future healthy and sustainable diets. We conducted a secondary analysis of publicly available datasets on fish and seafood production and consumption, triangulated and supplemented with peer-reviewed and grey literature on environmental, economic and social sustainability issues throughout the food system. A key challenge for health is the high proportion of fish and seafood consumed as discretionary food, particularly among children. Key challenges for sustainability include the narrow focus on environmental sustainability (with little consideration of the other domains), and the focus on production with little consideration for sustainability throughout post-harvest handling, processing, retail, distribution and consumption. Key opportunities for health and sustainability include the innovative use of processing and packaging technology to maximise nutritional quality; creation of markets and supply chains for a greater diversity of underutilised fish and seafood species and processing by-products; and reductions in waste and loss throughout the entire supply chain.
Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4–5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study
Authors: Gonzalez-Palacios Sandra , Navarrete-Muñoz Eva-María , García-de-la-Hera Manoli , Torres-Collado Laura , Santa-Marina Loreto , Amiano Pilar , Lopez-Espinosa Maria-Jose , Tardon Adonina , Riano-Galan Isolina , Vrijheid Martine , Sunyer Jordi , Vioque Jesus
Published: August 2019

The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4–5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1–7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14–2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09–2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76–3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.
Testing Emotional Eating Style in Relation to Willingness to Pay for Nutritional Claims
Authors: López-Galán Belinda , de-Magistris Tiziana
Published: August 2019

In face of the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, nutritional claims represent a useful tool to help people to make healthier food choices. However, recent research notes that when some people experience an intense emotional state, they increase their food consumption, particularly of energy-dense and sweet foods. In consequence, this study aims to assess whether emotional eating (EE) style influences the purchase of food products carrying these claims. To this end, a real choice experiment (RCE) was conducted with 306 participants who were asked to evaluate different types of toast. An error component random parameter logit (ECRPL) was used to analyze their preferences for reduced-fat and low-salt claims toast and the effects of the variation of the EE score on individual preferences. Findings of this study suggest that emotional eating negatively impacts purchasing behavior related to nutritional claims. In particular, a decrease of the willingness to pay between 9% and 16% for every unit of toast with nutritional claims was noted when an increase of EE individual score was registered. In this regard, to increase the effectiveness of the nutritional claims, policymakers and private sectors should consider the management of individuals’ emotional states in designing public health policies and marketing strategies, respectively.
Energy Expenditure, Carbohydrate Oxidation and Appetitive Responses to Sucrose or Sucralose in Humans: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chern Christine , Tan Sze-Yen
Published: August 2019

Background: In light of obesity, replacing sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners is commonly used to reduce sugar content of food products. This study aimed to compare human energy expenditure (EE), carbohydrate oxidation and food intake after the ingestion of test foods sweetened with sucrose or a non-nutritive sweetener. Methods: This was an acute crossover feeding study that entailed consumption of three test foods: jelly sweetened with 50 g sucrose (SUCROSE), with 120 mg of sucralose only (NNS), or 120 mg sucralose but matched in carbohydrate with 50 g maltodextrin (MALT). On test days, participants arrived at the research facility after an overnight fast. Resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimeter) was measured for 30 min followed by jelly consumption. Participants’ EE and substrate oxidation were measured for 90 min subsequently. After EE assessment, participants completed a meal challenge before leaving the research facility, and recorded food intake for the remaining day. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed before and after test foods and meal challenge. Results: Eleven participants completed the study. EE was higher in SUCROSE and MALT than NNS, but not statistically significant. Carbohydrate oxidation was SUCROSE > MALT > NNS (p < 0.001). Earlier and bigger rise in carbohydrate oxidation was observed in SUCROSE than MALT, although both were carbohydrate-matched. NNS did not promote energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation or stimulate appetite. Conclusions: Foods sweetened with sucrose or non-nutritive sweeteners but matched in carbohydrate content have different effects on human EE and carbohydrate oxidation. Sucralose alone did not affect EE, but lower energy in the test food from sugar replacement was eventually fully compensated. Findings from this pilot study should be verified with bigger clinical studies in the future to establish clinical relevance.
Analytical and Computational Methods for the Estimation of Drug-Polymer Solubility and Miscibility in Solid Dispersions Development
Authors: Medarević Djordje , Djuriš Jelena , Barmpalexis Panagiotis , Kachrimanis Kyriakos , Ibrić Svetlana
Published: August 2019

The development of stable solid dispersion formulations that maintain desired improvement of drug dissolution rate during the entire shelf life requires the analysis of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility. Only if the drug concentration is below the solubility limit in the polymer, the physical stability of solid dispersions is guaranteed without risk for drug (re)crystallization. If the drug concentration is above the solubility, but below the miscibility limit, the system is stabilized through intimate drug-polymer mixing, with additional kinetic stabilization if stored sufficiently below the mixture glass transition temperature. Therefore, it is of particular importance to assess the drug-polymer solubility and miscibility, to select suitable formulation (a type of polymer and drug loading), manufacturing process, and storage conditions, with the aim to ensure physical stability during the product shelf life. Drug-polymer solubility and miscibility can be assessed using analytical methods, which can detect whether the system is single-phase or not. Thermodynamic modeling enables a mechanistic understanding of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility and identification of formulation compositions with the expected formation of the stable single-phase system. Advance molecular modeling and simulation techniques enable getting insight into interactions between the drug and polymer at the molecular level, which determine whether the single-phase system formation will occur or not.
A Mini-Review on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Where Do We Stand, and Where Should We Go?
Authors: Quaresima Valentina , Ferrari Marco
Published: August 2019

This mini-review is aimed at briefly summarizing the present status of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and predicting where the technique should go in the next decade. This mini-review quotes 33 articles on the different fNIRS basics and technical developments and 44 reviews on the fNIRS applications published in the last eight years. The huge number of review articles about a wide spectrum of topics in the field of cognitive and social sciences, functional neuroimaging research, and medicine testifies to the maturity achieved by this non-invasive optical vascular-based functional neuroimaging technique. Today, fNIRS has started to be utilized on healthy subjects while moving freely in different naturalistic settings. Further instrumental developments are expected to be done in the near future to fully satisfy this latter important aspect. In addition, fNIRS procedures, including correction methods for the strong extracranial interferences, need to be standardized before using fNIRS as a clinical tool in individual patients. New research avenues such as interactive neurosciences, cortical activation modulated by different type of sport performance, and cortical activation during neurofeedback training are highlighted.
Cationic Polymers with Tailored Structures for Rendering Polysaccharide-Based Materials Antimicrobial: An Overview
Authors: Pan Yuanfeng , Xia Qiuyang , Xiao Huining
Published: August 2019

Antimicrobial polymers have attracted substantial interest due to high demands on improving the health of human beings via reducing the infection caused by various bacteria. The review presented herein focuses on rendering polysaccharides, mainly cellulosic-based materials and starch to some extent, antimicrobial via incorporating cationic polymers, guanidine-based types in particular. Extensive review on synthetic antimicrobial materials or plastic/textile has been given in the past. However, few review reports have been presented on antimicrobial polysaccharide, cellulosic-based materials, or paper packaging, especially. The current review fills the gap between synthetic materials and natural polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, and cyclodextrin) as substrates or functional additives for different applications. Among various antimicrobial polymers, particular attention in this review is paid to guanidine-based polymers and their derivatives, including copolymers, star polymer, and nanoparticles with core-shell structures. The review has also been extended to gemini surfactants and polymers. Cationic polymers with tailored structures can be incorporated into various products via surface grafting, wet-end addition, blending, or reactive extrusion, effectively addressing the dilemma of improving substrate properties and bacterial growth. Moreover, the pre-commercial trial conducted successfully for making antimicrobial paper packaging has also been addressed.
Viscoelastic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Swollen with Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: Parveen Nagma , Jana Pritam Kumar , Schönhoff Monika
Published: August 2019

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) obtained by layer-by-layer assembly can be doped with ionic liquid (IL) via the swelling of the films with IL solutions. In order to examine the mechanical properties of IL-containing PEM, we implement a Kelvin-Voigt model to obtain thickness, viscosity and elastic modulus from the frequency and dissipation shifts determined by a dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D). We analyze the changes in the modeled thickness and viscoelasticity of PEI(PSS/PADMAC)4PSS and PEI(PSS/PAH)4PSS multilayers upon swelling by increasing the concentration of either 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, which are water soluble ILs. The results show that the thickness of the multilayers changes monotonically up to a certain IL concentration, whereas the viscosity and elasticity change in a non-monotonic fashion with an increasing IL concentration. The changes in the modeled parameters can be divided into three concentration regimes of IL, a behavior specific to ILs (organic salts), which does not occur with swelling by simple inorganic salts such as NaCl. The existence of the regimes is attributed to a competition of the hydrophobic interactions of large hydrophobic ions, which enhance the layer stability at a low salt content, with the electrostatic screening, which dominates at a higher salt content and causes a film softening.
The Relationships between the Working Fluids, Process Characteristics and Products from the Modified Coaxial Electrospinning of Zein
Authors: Wang Menglong , Hai Tao , Feng Zhangbin , Yu Deng-Guang , Yang Yaoyao , Annie Bligh SW
Published: August 2019

The accurate prediction and manipulation of nanoscale product sizes is a major challenge in material processing. In this investigation, two process characteristics were explored during the modified coaxial electrospinning of zein, with the aim of understanding how this impacts the products formed. The characteristics studied were the spreading angle at the unstable region (θ) and the length of the straight fluid jet (L). An electrospinnable zein core solution was prepared and processed with a sheath comprising ethanolic solutions of LiCl. The width of the zein nanoribbons formed (W) was found to be more closely correlated with the spreading angle and straight fluid jet length than with the experimental parameters (the electrolyte concentrations and conductivity of the shell fluids). Linear equations W = 546.44L − 666.04 and W = 2255.3θ − 22.7 could be developed with correlation coefficients of Rwl2 = 0.9845 and Rwθ2 = 0.9924, respectively. These highly linear relationships reveal that the process characteristics can be very useful tools for both predicting the quality of the electrospun products, and manipulating their sizes for functional applications. This arises because any changes in the experimental parameters would have an influence on both the process characteristics and the solid products’ properties.
Influence of Reinforcement Structures and Hybrid Types on Inter-Laminar Shear Performance of Carbon-Glass Hybrid Fibers/Bismaleimide Composites under Long-Term Thermo-Oxidative Aging
Authors: Li Juanzi , Fan Wei , Ma Yanli , Xue Lili , Yuan Linjia , Dang Wensheng , Meng Jiaguang
Published: August 2019

The effects of reinforcement structures and hybrid types on the inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon-glass hybrid fibers/bismaleimide composites under thermo-oxidative aging conditions were investigated. The process resulted in progressive deterioration of the matrix and fiber/matrix interfaces, in the form of chain scissions, weight loss, and fiber/matrix debonding, which significantly led to the decrease of the ILSS of composites. Moreover, the three-dimensional orthogonal woven hybrid composites (3D composites) showed higher ILSS retention rate than those of the laminated orthogonal hybrid composites (laminated composites). No delamination occurred in the aged 3D composites like in the aged laminated composites. This was because the Z-binder yarns in the 3D composites resisted the inter-laminar shear load, although the resin was damaged and the adhesive force between fiber bundles and resin decreased seriously after thermo-oxidative aging. Meanwhile, the ILSS retention rate of the laminated composites with the carbon fiber as intermediate layers was higher than that of the laminated composites with the glass fiber as the intermediate layers. This was because the carbon fiber/bismaleimide interface bonding performance was stronger than that of the glass fiber/bismaleimide at the same thermo-oxidative aging condition.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’ Apple Pomace
Authors: Dranca Florina , Oroian Mircea
Published: August 2019

The use of an ultrasonic treatment for the extraction of pectin from Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’ apple pomace, its effects on extraction yield and galacturonic acid content, and degree of esterification of the extracted pectin were investigated. The optimization of the extraction process showed that the highest yield of 9.183% pectin, with a 98.127 g/100 g galacturonic acid content and 83.202% degree of esterification, was obtained at 100% amplitude, pH of 1.8, SLR of 1:10 g/mL, and 30 min. The pectin obtained in optimal extraction conditions was compared to commercial citrus and apple pectin in terms of chemical composition (determined by FT-IR), thermal behaviour (analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry), rheological properties, and morphological structure (analyzed by scanning electron microscopy). By comparison to commercial citrus and apple pectin samples, the FT-IR analysis of pectin extracted by ultrasound treatment confirmed the high degree of esterification and showed similarity to that of apple pectin (88.526%). It was found that the thermal behaviour of the pectin obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction was influenced by the narrower distribution of molecular weights and the orderly molecular arrangement, while the rheological properties (high viscosity, G0, and G1) of this sample were influenced by the morphological structure and the galacturonic acid content. The correlation coefficient showed a strong positive relationship between viscosity and galacturonic acid content (r = 0.992**).
Extraction Process of Polyphenols from Soybean (Glycine max L.) Sprouts: Optimization and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Le Xuan Tien , Lan Vi Vo Luu , Toan Tran Quoc , Bach Long Giang , Truc Tran Thanh , Hai Ha Pham Thi
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to optimize the total polyphenol content (TPC) extracted from soybean sprout powder under different experimental parameters, including ethanol concentration (60–100% v/v), extraction temperature (40–80 °C), extraction time (15–150 min), material:solvent ratio (1:4–1:10 g/mL), the number extraction cycles (1, 2 and 3 times), the age of sprout (0–7 days), and the used part of the sprout (cotyledon, hypocotyl, or radicle). The obtained results were used in response surface methodology, in combination with a central composite design, to model the total polyphenol content (TPC) with respect to three variables, including ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and material:solvent ratio. The experimental conditions for optimal recovery of TPC consisted of ethanol concentration of 88% (v/v), extraction temperature of 59 °C, material:solvent ratio of 1:6.5 g/mL, extraction time of 60 min, and 2 cycles of maceration. In addition, for maximal TPC, the sprout should undergo the germination of 5 days and the radicle fraction should be used. Based on the suggested optimum conditions, the obtained and verified TPC was 19.801 mg genistein (GE)/g dry weight (d.w.). The obtained dried extract also exhibited low antioxidant activity.
The Veiling Issue in 20th Century Iran in Fashion and Society, Religion, and Government
Authors: Shirazi Faegheh
Published: August 2019

This essay focuses on the Iranian woman’s veil from various perspectives including cultural, social, religious, aesthetic, as well as political to better understand this object of clothing with multiple interpretive meanings. The veil and veiling are uniquely imbued with layers of meanings serving multiple agendas. Sometimes the function of veiling is contradictory in that it can serve equally opposing political agendas.
Logarithmic Asymptotics for Probability of Component-Wise Ruin in a Two-Dimensional Brownian Model
Authors: Dȩbicki Krzysztof , Ji Lanpeng , Rolski Tomasz
Published: August 2019

We consider a two-dimensional ruin problem where the surplus process of business lines is modelled by a two-dimensional correlated Brownian motion with drift. We study the ruin function P ( u ) for the component-wise ruin (that is both business lines are ruined in an infinite-time horizon), where u is the same initial capital for each line. We measure the goodness of the business by analysing the adjustment coefficient, that is the limit of − ln P ( u ) / u as u tends to infinity, which depends essentially on the correlation ρ of the two surplus processes. In order to work out the adjustment coefficient we solve a two-layer optimization problem.
Do Urban Functional Zones Affect Land Surface Temperature Differently? A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Feng Yuning , Du Shihong , Myint Soe W. , Shu Mi
Published: August 2019

The non-uniformity of the relationships between urban temperature and landscape has attracted board attention. The non-uniformity in urban areas is reflected in the spatial landscape’s heterogeneity and the difference of socio-economic functions. The former is shown as the spatial differentiation of land-cover, land-use, landscape composition, and configuration, while the latter leads to the difference of the intensity of human activities and population density, which are closely related with anthropogenic heat emission. Therefore, this study introduces urban functional zones (UFZs) to express urban spatial heterogeneity. This study also attempts to comprehend urban heat island (UHI) effects and discloses the variability of urban surface temperature (LST)–landscape relationships in different kinds of UFZs. There are two main technical difficulties—how to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of UFZs and how to quantify non-uniform LST effects. A three-level variable system is established from their attributes, inner structures, and interrelationships to characterize UFZs and their LST effects hierarchically. Considering the multi-collinearity among high-dimensional variables, the Elastic Net regression method is selected for quantitative analysis. The experimental results reveal the deficiency of uniform LST analysis for heterogeneous urban areas and verify the variable relationships of LST-landscaped with different kinds of UFZs.
Named-Entity-Recognition-Based Automated System for Diagnosing Cybersecurity Situations in IoT Networks
Authors: Georgescu Tiberiu-Marian , Iancu Bogdan , Zurini Madalina
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper was to enhance the process of diagnosing and detecting possible vulnerabilities within an Internet of Things (IoT) system by using a named entity recognition (NER)-based solution. In both research and practice, security system management experts rely on a large variety of heterogeneous security data sources, which are usually available in the form of natural language. This is challenging as the process is very time consuming and it is difficult to stay up to date with the constant findings in the areas of security threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, countermeasures, and risks. The proposed system is conceived as a semantic indexing solution of existing vulnerabilities and serves as an information tool for security management experts. By integrating the proposed system, the users can easily discover the potential vulnerabilities of their IoT devices. The proposed solution integrates ontologies and NER techniques in order to obtain a high rate of automation with the scope of reaching a self-maintained and up-to-date system in terms of vulnerabilities and common exposures knowledge. To achieve this, a total of 312 CVEs (common vulnerabilities and exposures) specific to the IoT field were identified. CVEs are arguably one of the most important cybersecurity resources nowadays, containing information about the latest discovered vulnerabilities. This set is further used as data corpus for an NER model designed to identify the main entities and relations that are relevant to IoT security. The goal is to automatically monitor cybersecurity information relevant to IoT, and filter and present it in an organized and structured framework based on users’ needs. The taxonomies specific to IoT security are implemented via a domain ontology, which is later used to process natural language. Relevant tokens are marked as entities and the relations between them identified. The text analysis solution is connected to a gateway which scans the environment and identifies the main IoT devices and communication technologies. The strength of the approach proposed within this research is that the designed semantic gateway is using context-aware searches in the modeled IoT security database and can identify possible vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
Acute Metabolic Changes with Thigh-Positioned Wearable Resistances during Submaximal Running in Endurance-Trained Runners
Authors: Field Allister P. , Gill Nicholas , Macadam Paul , Plews Dan
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of different magnitudes of wearable resistance (WR) attached to the thigh during submaximal running. Twenty endurance-trained runners (40.8 ± 8.2 years, 1.77 ± 0.7 m, 75.4 ± 9.2 kg) completed six submaximal eight-minute running trials unloaded and with WRs of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% body mass (BM), in a random order. The use of a WR resulted in a 1.6 ± 0.6% increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) for every 1% BM of additional load. Inferential based analysis found that the loading of ≥3% BM was needed to elicit any substantial responses in VO2, with an increase that was likely to be moderate in scale (effect size (ES) ± 90% confidential interval (CI): 0.24 ± 0.07). Using heart rate data, a training load score was extrapolated to quantify the amount of internal stress. For every 1% BM of WR, there is an extra 0.17 ± 0.06 estimated increase in training load. A WR ≥3% of BM was needed to elicit substantial responses in lactate production, with an increase which was very likely to be large in scale (ES ± 90% CI: 0.41 ± 0.18). A thigh-positioned WR provides a running-specific overload with loads ≥3% BM, resulting in substantial changes in metabolic responses.
Preventive Archaeology Based on Open Remote Sensing Data and Tools: The Cases of Sant’Arsenio (SA) and Foggia (FG), Italy
Authors: Abate Nicodemo , Lasaponara Rosa
Published: August 2019

Sentinel-2 data have been used in various fields of human activity. In cultural heritage, their potential is still to be fully explored. This paper aims to illustrate how remote sensing and open source tools are useful for archaeological investigations. The whole issue revolves around the application of satellite (Sentinel-2) and accessory tools for the identification, knowledge and protection of the cultural heritage of two areas of southern Italy: Sant’Arsenio (SA) and Foggia (FG). Both study cases were selected for a specific reason: to demonstrate the usefulness of open data and software for research and preservation of cultural heritage, as in the case of urban sprawl, development of public works (gas- and oil-pipelines, etc.) or intensive use of land for agricultural purposes. The results obtained are relevant for the knowledge improvement and very useful to operate in the field of preventive archaeology, for the evaluation and management of risk, the planning of city-expansion or infrastructures that could damage the buried heritage.
Becoming a Global Citizen through Participation in the Global Storylines Program
Authors: Křepelková Šárka , Činčera Jan , Kroufek Roman
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the effect of the Global Storylines educational program which aims to increase primary school students’ sustainability competences and their awareness of global problems. To obtain the data, we organized seven focus groups with a total of 52 students (25 girls, 27 boys) of an average age of 8.55 years, and conducted 7 interviews with 8 teachers (all women). The findings demonstrate the program’s likely effect on students’ improved inter- and intra-personal skills, better social climate in the classes, and students’ increased sensitivity to global issues noticeable in local communities. However, the program’s effect on student self-efficacy in mitigating the presented issues in real life does not seem to be supported. Further, this study analyzes the constraints perceived by the teachers in implementing the program in primary schools. The teachers found the program rather time-consuming and the topic more appropriate for older students. Finally, the study discusses the implications of these results for implementing and running the program in the future.
A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments
Authors: Liu Jiying , Zhu Shengwei , Kim Moon Keun , Srebric Jelena
Published: August 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an effective analysis method of personalized ventilation (PV) in indoor built environments. As an increasingly important supplement to experimental and theoretical methods, the quality of CFD simulations must be maintained through an adequately controlled numerical modeling process. CFD numerical data can explain PV performance in terms of inhaled air quality, occupants’ thermal comfort, and building energy savings. Therefore, this paper presents state-of-the-art CFD analyses of PV systems in indoor built environments. The results emphasize the importance of accurate thermal boundary conditions for computational thermal manikins (CTMs) to properly analyze the heat exchange between human body and the microenvironment, including both convective and radiative heat exchange. CFD modeling performance is examined in terms of effectiveness of computational grids, convergence criteria, and validation methods. Additionally, indices of PV performance are suggested as system-performance evaluation criteria. A specific utilization of realistic PV air supply diffuser configurations remains a challenging task for further study. Overall, the adaptable airflow characteristics of a PV air supply provide an opportunity to achieve better thermal comfort with lower energy use based on CFD numerical analyses.
Distribution and Management of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Populations in South Korea
Authors: Kim Young-Chae , Kim Areum , Lim Jongpyo , Kim Tae-Su , Park Su-Gon , Kim Minhan , Lee Jung-Hyo , Lee Jung Ro , Lee Do-Hun
Published: August 2019

In 2014, the South Korean government initiated the “Nutria Eradication Project” to actively manage and control populations of nutria, an invasive alien species that threatens national biodiversity. In the present study, we examined domestic nutria habitats in 2014 to 2018 and analyzed spatial shifts in habitat distribution to develop management policies and eradication strategies for the South Korean Ministry of Environment. A total of 27,487 nutria individuals were captured over five years upon the initiation of the eradication project. We found that the number of habitat tracks decreased from 1510 in 19 administrative districts in 2014 to 176 in 14 districts in 2018. We examined the distribution of nutria habitat tracks and found a northwestward shift at an average angle of 313.9° and 46,656.9 m. This distribution shift prompted improvements in control policies focused on nutria capture to suppress rodent movement and shifting distributions. We redefined the spatial scope of our control regions accordingly and established isolated environments in each region to prevent further spread. Additionally, resource management was focused in areas showing habitat expansion. Overall, we observed an estimated 54% decrease in nutria habitat tracks from 2016 to 2017. Our results have since been enacted in government policies and provide a basis for establishing flexible strategies for effectively controlling nutria habitats and populations. In 2017, the South Korean government allocated additional funds for research and for the development of further control strategies working toward the project’s goals.
Weak Embeddable Hypernear-Rings
Authors: Dakić Jelena , Jančić-Rašović Sanja , Cristea Irina
Published: August 2019

In this paper we extend one of the main problems of near-rings to the framework of algebraic hypercompositional structures. This problem states that every near-ring is isomorphic with a near-ring of the transformations of a group. First we endow the set of all multitransformations of a hypergroup (not necessarily abelian) with a general hypernear-ring structure, called the multitransformation general hypernear-ring associated with a hypergroup. Then we show that any hypernear-ring can be weakly embedded into a multitransformation general hypernear-ring, generalizing the similar classical theorem on near-rings. Several properties of hypernear-rings related with this property are discussed and illustrated also by examples.
A New Second-Order Tristable Stochastic Resonance Method for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Lu Lu , Yuan Yu , Wang Heng , Zhao Xing , Zheng Jianjie
Published: August 2019

Vibration signals are used to diagnosis faults of the rolling bearing which is symmetric structure. Stochastic resonance (SR) has been widely applied in weak signal feature extraction in recent years. It can utilize noise and enhance weak signals. However, the traditional SR method has poor performance, and it is difficult to determine parameters of SR. Therefore, a new second-order tristable SR method (STSR) based on a new potential combining the classical bistable potential with Woods-Saxon potential is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the envelope signal of rolling bearings is the input signal of STSR. Then, the output of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used as the fitness function of the Seeker Optimization Algorithm (SOA) in order to optimize the parameters of SR. Finally, the optimal parameters are used to set the STSR system in order to enhance and extract weak signals of rolling bearings. Simulated and experimental signals are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of STSR. The diagnosis results show that the proposed STSR method can obtain higher output SNR and better filtering performance than the traditional SR methods. It provides a new idea for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
On the Complex Interaction between Collective Learning and Social Dynamics
Authors: Burini Diletta , De Lillo Silvana
Published: August 2019

This paper is motivated by the perspective ideas proposed in our previous studies, where some challenging problems, for instance qualitative analysis of the solution to nonlinear problems and micro-macro asymptotic analysis, where posed. Our work focuses on the study of the interactions between learning dynamics and other types of dynamics which can be modeled by kinetic theory methods. The contents are presented in three parts. First, a general description of different theories of learning dynamics within the framework of cognitive sciences is critically analyzed with the aim of capturing the main features of the system towards modeling. Subsequently, the class of systems which are the object of the modeling approach is defined by showing how the previous structure can be developed, thanks to new conceptual ideas, including the concept of symmetric and asymmetric learning, towards modeling. Finally, some applications are selected to show how the approach can be methodologically applied.
Secure D2D Group Authentication Employing Smartphone Sensor Behavior Analysis
Authors: Tan Haowen , Song Yuanzhao , Xuan Shichang , Pan Sungbum , Chung Ilyong
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, with rapid advancement of both the upcoming 5G architecture construction and emerging Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication provides a novel paradigm for mobile networking. By facilitating continuous and high data rate services between physically proximate devices without interconnection with access points (AP) or service network (SN), spectral efficiency of the 5G network can be drastically increased. However, due to its inherent open wireless communicating features, security issues and privacy risks in D2D communication remain unsolved in spite of its benefits and prosperous future. Hence, proper D2D authentication mechanisms among the D2D entities are of great significance. Moreover, the increasing proliferation of smartphones enables seamlessly biometric sensor data collecting and processing, which highly correspond to the user’s unique behavioral characteristics. For the above consideration, we present a secure certificateless D2D authenticating mechanism intended for extreme scenarios in this paper. In the assumption, the key updating mechanism only requires a small modification in the SN side, while the decryption information of user equipment (UEs) remains constant as soon as the UEs are validated. Note that a symmetric key mechanism is adopted for the further data transmission. Additionally, the user activities data from smartphone sensors are analyzed for continuous authentication, which is periodically conducted after the initial validation. Note that in the assumed scenario, most of the UEs are out of the effective range of cellular networks. In this case, the UEs are capable of conducting data exchange without cellular connection. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme can provide adequate security properties as well as resistance to various attacks. Furthermore, performance analysis proves that the proposed scheme is efficient compared with state-of-the-art D2D authentication schemes.
TNF Family Cytokines Induce Distinct Cell Death Modalities in the A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cell Line when Administered in Combination with Ricin Toxin
Authors: Hodges Alexa L. , Kempen Cody G. , McCaig William D. , Parker Cory A. , Mantis Nicholas J. , LaRocca Timothy J.
Published: August 2019

Ricin is a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins and is classified as a biothreat agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Inhalation, the most potent route of toxicity, triggers an acute respiratory distress-like syndrome that coincides with near complete destruction of the lung epithelium. We previously demonstrated that the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; CD253) sensitizes human lung epithelial cells to ricin-induced death. Here, we report that ricin/TRAIL-mediated cell death occurs via apoptosis and involves caspases -3, -7, -8, and -9, but not caspase-6. In addition, we show that two other TNF family members, TNF-α and Fas ligand (FasL), also sensitize human lung epithelial cells to ricin-induced death. While ricin/TNF-α- and ricin/FasL-mediated killing of A549 cells was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, evidence suggests that these pathways were not caspase-dependent apoptosis. We also ruled out necroptosis and pyroptosis. Rather, the combination of ricin plus TNF-α or FasL induced cathepsin-dependent cell death, as evidenced by the use of several pharmacologic inhibitors. We postulate that the effects of zVAD-fmk were due to the molecule’s known off-target effects on cathepsin activity. This work demonstrates that ricin-induced lung epithelial cell killing occurs by distinct cell death pathways dependent on the presence of different sensitizing cytokines, TRAIL, TNF-α, or FasL.
Human Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutics for Viral Infections
Authors: Ahmed Aslaa , Siman-Tov Gavriella , Hall Grant , Bhalla Nishank , Narayanan Aarthi
Published: August 2019

Successful in vivo infection following pathogen entry requires the evasion and subversion of multiple immunological barriers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immune pathways upregulated during infection by multiple pathogens, in multiple organs in vivo. In humans, there are many classes of AMPs exhibiting broad antimicrobial activities, with defensins and the human cathelicidin LL-37 being the best studied examples. Whereas historically the efficacy and therapeutic potential of AMPs against bacterial infection has been the primary focus of research, recent studies have begun to elucidate the antiviral properties of AMPs as well as their role in regulation of inflammation and chemoattraction. AMPs as therapeutic tools seem especially promising against emerging infectious viral pathogens for which no approved vaccines or treatments are currently available, such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this review, we summarize recent studies elucidating the efficacy and diverse mechanisms of action of various classes of AMPs against multiple viral pathogens, as well as the potential use of human AMPs in novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
Abordaje fisioterapéutico en las alteraciones funcionales producidas por la cirugía del cáncer de amígdalas palatinas: reporte de caso
Authors: Baimason Pérez Amanda , Rivera Vargas Juan
Published: August 2019

La rehabilitación oncológica es dirigida a aquellos pacientes con un diagnóstico de cáncer, el cual deriva discapacidad debido a la cirugía, la quimioterapia y la radioterapia. El reporte de caso corresponde a un paciente masculino, de 63 años de edad, diagnosticado en 2017 de un carcinoma epidermoide de amígdalas palatinas T3N2M0 al cual le realizaron una amigdalectomía un mes después del diagnóstico. Posterior a ello recibió 30 sesiones de radioterapia y 2 sesiones de quimioterapia en total. Fue remitido al servicio de Terapia física de la Clínica Santa Paula 4 meses después de la cirugía debido a las alteraciones posturales que ésta produjo. Asistió a rehabilitación una vez a la semana, durante un año. El abordaje consistió en la aplicación de crioterapia, drenaje linfático manual, masaje liberador de cicatriz, liberación de puntos gatillo, electroterapia, estabilidad espinal y técnicas de terapia manual logrando mejorar ampliamente la evaluación inicial. La rehabilitación oportuna pero a la misma vez continuada (al menos 1 año) en pacientes post cirugía de cáncer de amígdala podría ser beneficiosa para el manejo de las alteraciones posturales que ésta provoca, siendo más efectiva la combinación de técnicas fisioterapéuticas que el uso aislado de las mismas.
¿Desde cuándo sentimos?, un recorrido por la evidencia desde la vida intrauterina
Authors: Román-Garita Norbel
Published: August 2019

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PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN BIAYA DAN EFISIENSI MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LABA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Priatna Husaeri , Ajam Ajam
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini menganalisis gambaran serta Pengaruh Efektivitas Pengendalian Biaya dan Efisiensi Modal Kerja terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Perusahaan (Studi Kasus pada PT. Adi Caraka Tirta Containerline).

Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui gambaran masing-masing variabel serta analisis regresi linear berganda untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dua variabel independen terhadap satu variabel dependen yang kemudian dilakukan uji hipotesis t serta uji hipotesis f untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikansi pengaruhnya. Adapun populasi penelitian ini yaitu karyawan PT. Adi Caraka Tirta Containerline sebanyak 62 orang serta sampel diambil dengan menggunakan rumus slovin yaitu sebanyak 38 orang.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskripif bahwa Efektivitas Pengendalian Biaya, Efisiensi Modal Kerja dan Pertumbuhan Laba berada pada kategori cukup baik. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis, bahwa secara simultan Efektivitas Pengendalian Biaya dan Efisiensi Modal Kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba dengan hasil Koefisien Determinasi sebesar 67,0% dan sisanya sebesar 33,0% merupakan variabel lain yang turut mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Laba tetapi tidak diteliti. Adapun secara parsial Efektivitas Pengendalian Biaya dan Efisiensi Modal Kerja masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba.
Desafios e reflexões na apreensão afetiva da cidade: a deriva como procedimento metodológico
Authors: Chaparim Matheus Alcântara Silva , Oliveira Eduardo Romero de
Published: August 2019

O procedimento da psicogeografia e sua técnica exploratória da deriva, desenvolvidos pelo movimento Internacional Situacionista nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, fizeram do ato de caminhar um meio de apreensão dos afetos urbanos. Ao longo dos últimos anos podemos observar muitas das ideias e práticas situacionistas serem adotadas e adaptadas em diversos âmbitos da sociedade. Inserido nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta reflexões metodológicas e epistemológicas sobre como a deriva possibilita reconhecer o relevo psicogeográfico, buscando contribuições da teoria das emoções e afetos. Relata a experiência da disciplina “Emotions and Affect from a Spatial Perspective”, fornecida pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da FCT-UNESP, no segundo semestre de 2018, na qual foi realizada uma deriva no Camelódromo de Presidente Prudente (São Paulo). Ao final, diante dos desafios e potencialidades encontrados, verificamos como os estudos psicogeográficos podem auxiliar na compreensão dos processos de mediação afetivos que emergem e se organizam no espaço urbano.
Secondary Analysis of the NLST data with simpler comparative methods between CXR and LDCT
Authors: Al-Janabi Wissam
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

The death rate from lung cancer is highest amongst all cancers; it comprises approximately 20% of all cancer death. After decades of striving to find a screening tool similar to Chest x-ray (CXR) and blood biomarkers for the deadliest cancer in the world, three decades ago, the screening with Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) began. Unless the patient becomes symptomatic with a cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, this cancer was hard to detect.
Even though smoking cessation is the best way to reduce mortality and morbidity from lung cancer, LDCT showed its ability to identify lung cancer earlier and thus decrease the death rate from lung cancer in countries that can afford to use this tool. LDCT can decrease all-cause mortality by approximately 7% and lower lung cancer mortality by about 20%. LDCT has high sensitivity when compared to the CXR. In addition to detecting late-stage cancer, LDCT can also detect early-stage lung cancer (stage I), which can decrease mortality as well as morbidity. When first introduced as a screening tool for lung cancer, clinicians and scientists raised concerns about radiation exposure, cost, psychological effects, and high false positive rates. Due to these concerns, countries like the USA and some European countries were hesitant to approve LDCT as a screening tool for two decades. Notwithstanding, in 2013, the United State Preventive Services Task Forces (USPSTF) gave the LDCT a B recommendation as a screening tool for lung cancer.