bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Degrading Poly-Containing Wastewater Conditions of Mixed Bacteria by Orthogonal Experiments
Authors: Liu Jiang Hong , Xu Rui Dan , Pan Yang , Wang Yuan Ying
Published: July 2012

The factor influencing on the mixed bacteria to degrade wastewater containing poly-containing conditions were optimized. Crude oil as a source of carbon, the effects of nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, time, inoculation amount, temperature, mineralization content, initial pH value and activation time on degrading poly-containing wastewater were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimum process conditions were as follows: polyacrylamide (HPAM) which comes from waste water as a source of nitrogen, without other nitrogen source, K2HPO4 was phosphorus sources, the microorganisms activation time was 2, incubation time was 3d, initial pH value was 7, the inoculum size was 5%(v/v), incubation temperature was 35°C, the mineralization degree was 4000 mg•L-1. The main factors affecting degradation rate was nitrogen sources, time, pH, activation time, inoculum size and mineralization content.
Development of Industrialization Process of Pesticide Residue Analysis Grade n-Hexane
Authors: Quan Can , Li Hong Mei , Yan Xiong Wei , Jin Jun Su
Published: July 2012

Pesticide residue grade solvents have the characteristic of ultra high purity, low UV value, low pH value, low moisture content and low evaporation residue, which do not have those controlled impurity peak in pesticide chromatographic detection. This project is funded by the China government to develop the industrialization process of pesticide residue grade n-hexane, in which the industrial n-Hexane is used as crude purified by decoloration, distillation and filtration process. The products are validated by National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement (CNEAC), National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and other government originations for polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticide or chiral pesticides analysis and further confirmed that it’s competitive to all others imported n-Hexane currently occupied in China. The optimized process parameters are: firstly utilizing 2% of silicon dioxide as decoloration agent then rinsed with distillation water before distillation. The heating temperature of two distillation towers is 88°C with reflux ratio of 15:1 and 4:1 respectively, the discharge rate of heavy component is 20 mL/min, the yield of this process is approximately 70%. This patented technique will meet pesticide residue grade n-Hexane market in China and seek for cooperation globally.
The Regeneration of the Spent Catalyst Resulted from 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloropyridine-2-Carbonitrile Synthesis
Authors: Li Yang , Ai Qiu Hong , Wang Hao Xin , Luo He’an
Published: July 2012

In order to optimize the process conditions for regeneration of activated carbon form spent catalyst resulted from 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropyridine-2-carbonitrile synthesis. A two-step process involving the thermal desorption of spent activated carbon and the activation of activated carbon treated by thermal desorption with steam was designed. The influence of desorption temperature, time and the flow rate of nitrogen on the yield of chlorides, the iodine adsorption capacity and the yield of activated carbon were investigated, respectively . The optimal desorption conditions were: temperature of 650°C, time of 90min and the flow rate of nitrogen of 30ml/min. The yield of the chlorides obtained under the optimal conditions was 14.85%. The regeneration of activated carbon treated by thermal desorption with steam; the optimized conditions analyzed by RSM were regeneration temperature of 696°C, time of 84 min and flow rate of steam of 0.58g/min. The experimental results on the optimized conditions were iodine adsorption value of 1003.59mg / g, These methods can not only recover chloride in the spent activated carbon, but also the regeneration activated carbon could partially replace the fresh activated carbon, which would bring an obvious economical benefit and social benefit.
The Reuse of Oligomeric Materials from the Waste of Poly(phenylene sulfide) Production
Authors: Zhu Li , Li Xiang Jie , Xu Hai Bing , Gu Ai Qun , Yu Zi Li
Published: July 2012

In order to reuse the waste originated from poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) production in stead of combustion, the oligomeric materials in the waste were recovered as raw materials. The recovered materials, then, were used to react with sulfur in molten state to produce polymeric resin. The structure and thermal property of oligomeric materials and their derived polymer were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that oligomeric materials are a series of PPS oligomers, and their derived polymer is poly(arylene sulfide)s (PAS). The thermal transition temperatures of obtained PAS are higher than those of PPS oligomers, which are attributed to the increase of molecular weight. It is desired that the yielding PAS has potential applications as plastic, coating, or filler materials.
Runoff Fractal Dimension of Songhua River Basin in Harbin Station Based on Db4 Wavelet
Authors: Gu Hai Yan , Wang Yong , Yu Lei
Published: July 2012

The wavelet analysis and fractal theory into the analysis of hydrological time series, fluctuations in hydrological runoff sequence given the complexity of the measurement methods--- fractal dimension. The real monthly runoffs of 28 years from Songhua River basin in Harbin station are selected as research target. Wavelet transform combined with spectrum method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of runoff. Moreover, the result demonstrates that the runoff in Songhua River basin has the characteristic of self-similarity, and the complexity of runoff in the Songhua River basin in Harbin station is described quantificationally.
Method on Distinguishing Permafrost and Talik Regions in the Great Khingan Mountains by Analyzing the Characteristics of Specific Plants
Authors: Guo Wei Wei , Du Shao Min , Sun Yong Quan , Wang Di
Published: July 2012

In the fieldwork in the Great Khingan Mountains, it is practical and easy to distinguish permafrost region or talik region by analyzing the characteristics of the plants growing on them. Generally speaking, permafrost there tends to degenerate from south to north, but there are some individual places where remind original ecology of permafrost. After permafrost degenerate into the talik region, the condition of plant growth has changed. We can distinguish permafrost and talik region by the difference of plants growing status there. Some common species that specifically grow in permafrost or talik region have also been listed and introduced in this paper. Specifically, plants growing in permafrost region include larix gmelini, birch, vaccinium uliginosum, ledum palustre, vaccinium vitis-idaea, bilberry, pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv, low birch thicket, adina racemosa and so on. Meanwhile the plants live in talik region include peridium aquilinum, xylosma racemosum, daylily, milkvetch. The list of plants can be used to distinguish permafrost region and talik in the field. It is crucial for constructions to recognize if the construction area is permafrost or talik region. The change of talik has its two sides to constructions. On the upside, it can increase groundwater storage, and we can regard the future projects as thawing projects. On the downside, existing projects would arise thawing settlement.
Application of Water Poverty Index in the Evaluation of Regional Water Resources Utilization
Authors: Jiang Ning , Fu Qiang , Sun Ying Na
Published: July 2012

It is important to build the accurate internal relationship between the utilization degree of water resources and parameters of local economy in the evaluation of regional water resources utilization. Water poverty index (WPI) can solve this question properly. The WPI of every three years during 2000-2009 of Harbin is calculated by using weighted average method. The results show that WPI appears in an increasing trend during past 10 years in Harbin. If the following aspects can be improved in the future including controlling the pesticide and fertilizer, reducing water loss and soil erosion, increasing forest coverage, irrigation efficiency and investment in hydraulic construction, the utilization rate of water resources will be further improved.
Improved Swat Model and Application in Simulation of Snowmelt Runoff
Authors: Zhou Zhen Min , Bi Yan Jie , Wang Xue Chao
Published: July 2012

The improved model for double layer snowpack melting was put forward to overcome the disadvantages of the DG (Degree-Day) model which had simple principle and neglected the relevant factors which could be important to the simulation of snowmelt runoff. The surface snowpack model, improved top layer snowpack model and model parameters calculation were studied. The structure and calculation method were put forward to improve double layer snowpack runoff model. Finally, taking the Lancangjiang River as an example, the snowmelt runoff was calculated by the improved SWAT model. Through comparison, it revealed that between two models that the simulation results of the improved double layer snow melting model was obviously better than that of the DG model in evapo-transpiration loss, the distinguish among cover layer, snowfall, rainfall and snowpack water equivalent calculation, and melting snowpack refrozen as well as adaption condition.
Application of Inkjet Printing to Fabricate Controllable Pt Catalyst Patterns for Low Temperature Catalytic Combustion
Authors: Liu Tian , Zeng Zhi Gang , Wang Xiao Hong , Yan Xiao Xia , Hu Zhi Yu
Published: July 2012

Different platinum catalysts patterns such as dots array and films were successfully fabricated by directly inkjet printing of catalyst precursor inks on the substrate. It offers a feasible way for platinum catalyst deposition by precise control of catalyst loading, deposition position, and morphology. The effects on drying behavior of printed catalyst droplet on the catalytic performance of low temperature methanol catalytic combustion were investigated. The results show that the conversion of methanol over printed Platinum patterns in the catalytic combustion is approximately 85% at 100°C.
Prediction of Groundwater Inundation Based on GMS - With Example of Inundation-Affected Areas in Upstream of Dadingzishan Reservoir
Authors: Sun Si Miao , Dai Chang Lei , Liu Chun Li , Liang Li Qing
Published: July 2012

To deal with specific groundwater inundation problems such as large-scale study area, complicated recharge and discharge terms and special aquifer structures, there may be some inappropriateness or limitation in accuracy, range or flexibility when using traditional methods, including the experience analysis method, water balance method and the principle of Hydrodynamics. However, the numerical modeling method, which can break the constraints of space, time and accuracy, can conquer the problems above, even though there have been very few utilizations of the numerical simulation method on inundation prediction. With the real case of the inundation-affected areas located in the upstream of the Dadingzishan Reservoir, firstly, it analyzed and listed out the major controlling elements, including fundamental controlling elements (location and range, topography, land utilization, hydrology and meteorology, reservoir operation, and human activities, etc.) and key controlling elements (structures, boundaries, functions, input features of the aquifer) in this paper. Secondly, a hydrogeological conceptual model and numerical simulation model had been established to serve for the prediction of inundation range and degree. After the identification and verification of the model and calculating the future recharge and discharge, the fully qualified model had made a forecasting of the inundation situations in 2015 and 2020. This paper is expected to provide practical example and method application for the relative reservoir inundation research.
Design and Thermodynamic Analysis on One-Step Amination of Benzene to Aniline Systems
Authors: Yang Chun Hua , Chen Gang , Zhang Long
Published: July 2012

Seven systems of one-step synthesis of aniline were designed, and it was determined which one could occur spontaneously through the calculation of Gibbs free energy of it. Among the seven systems, the Gibbs free energy of the one with ammonia as the aminating agent and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant was the lowest, thus its process driving force was the largest, that is, .For this system just mentioned above, the standard Gibbs free energies, the equilibrium constant and the equilibrium conversions of benzene under different conditions were discussed ,which was expected to provide a theoretical basis for further development and application of the system.
Thermodynamic Study of Removing Boron from Metallurgical Silicon by Si – Al Melt Refining
Authors: Sun Yan Hui , Wang Bo , Lin Tao , Lang Xu , Chen Hong Yu
Published: July 2012

The distribution of boron between solid silicon and melt Si-Al alloy (KB) and the interaction coefficients between aluminum and boron in solid silicon were investigated by establishing the equilibrium between Si–B alloy and aluminum at 1623 K ~ 1723 K for 4 h and then quenching them to obtain the content of boron and aluminum in silicon and Si-Al melt. The results shown that the distribution coefficients of boron KB are 0.139~0.325 (1623K), 0.332~0.587 (1673K), 0.684~0.956 (1723K), and the interaction coefficients are 32.8±2.34 (1623K), 16.3±1.17 (1673K) and 8.2±0.6 (1723K).
Nano-TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation N-Amyl Alcohol Research
Authors: Zhu Xiu Hui , Liu Jian Zhen , Zhang Ming Ming , Kou Li Hong
Published: July 2012

Nano-TiO2 powder was synthesized by the continous-orderly-controlled-explosive nucleation method [1]. The experiment has effectively degenerated the n-amyl alcohol gas, and investigated its influencing factor by using the Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic activity[2]. When the initial density of the n-amyl alcohol gas is 1714.7mg/m3, the TiO2 calcination temperature is 450°C, the dosage of catalyst is 9.98g. The experiment reacts 40 minutes later, degeneration rate of the n-amyl alcohol achieves above 98%, and the degeneration rate increases constantly with the extension of reaction time. This study provides a solution for the environment pollution problem which the n-amyl alcohol produces.
Calculation of Thermodynamic and Thermoelastic Properties for Ductile B2-YAg Intermetallics with Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Wu Yu Rong , Hu Wang Yu , Xu Long Shan
Published: July 2012

The thermodynamic and thermo-elastic properties of ductile intermetallic compounds YAg with B2 structure are investigate with molecular dynamics. The thermodynamic properties at various temperatures, such as lattice parameter, cohesive energy, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity, vibrational entropy and vibrational free energy are computed. The present calculated results show good agreements with available experimental and previous calculated data. At high temperature, the heat capacity tends to a constant with obeys the classical equipartition law. At 300K, the heat capacity of YAg is 23.91 J mol-1 K-1. And those data enrich thermodynamic data-base for YAg. At the whole range 0-600K, the elastic constants follow a normal behavior with temperature that those decrease with increasing temperature, and satisfy the stability conditions for YAg compound. The Cauchy pressure and B/G for YAg increase with elevating temperature. Our results mean that increasing temperature may improve ductility of YAg.
Degradation Pathway and Kinetics of Vanillin with Gordonia sp.
Authors: Yao Liping , Song Wenzhe , Chen Yuan Cai
Published: July 2012

This study is to discuss the reaction pathways of vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde) degradation by Gordonia sp.The product structure was analyzed by spectroscopic technique. Vanillin removal kinetics could be best described by a simple recalcitrant first order model:-dS/dt=k s,1 X(S-S∞),k s,1 is the vanillin removal rate constant.
Experimental Research on Cyanidation Leaching of a Gold Ore
Authors: Wang Wei Zhi , Han Miao Miao , Yang Chun Guang
Published: July 2012

The gold ore is oxidized ores, and it is not suitable for flotation separation. The cyanide leaching is used for the recovery of gold. Experimental studies of cyanidation leaching for a oxidized gold ore were carried out. The factors that influence leaching such as grinding size, sodium cyanide quantity, pulp density, extraction time and segmentation leaching were conducted. And experiment pretreatment test with the copper ion which influences leaching. The results demonstrated that the good index of leaching rate 90.11% could be reach.
Characteristic Study of Kaolin on Agglomeration Caused by Burning Black Liquor in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Zhao Ying , Cheng Gui Shi
Published: July 2012

Experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristic of kaolin on agglomeration mechanism of the black liquor combusted in a bench-scale fluidized bed. The combustion experiments were focused on the influence of different operating conditions at three temperatures (700°C, 750°C and 800°C), and at three kaolin additive dosages(0, 10% and 30%). Sinter of the bed material collected after experiments were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results show that kaolin is a significant additive in improving the black liquor combustion in a fluidized bed. With the kaolin dosage increases, the degree of agglomeration decreases.
Synthesis of Epoxy Sulfonated Phenolic Resin and it's Effects on the Coal-Water Slurry
Authors: Zhang Guang Hua , Shang Ting , Liu Long
Published: July 2012

As a kind of raw material, phenol was sulfonated by sulfuric acid, polymerized by fomaldehyde, and grafted by epoxy chloropropane to get the epichlorohydrin modified sulfonated phenolic resin dispersant, which is used in coal water slurry (CWS). Studies on rheological behaviours of CWS with different concentrations and syneresis rates during 72h storing were carried out to analyze the interaction between the dispersants and the surfaces of Shenhua coal of Shaanxi in China. The results show that the CWS had a syneresis rate of 5.9% and an apparent viscosity of 725mPa.S at a shearing rate of 100S-1 when the mass fractions of coals and dispersants are 64% and 0.5% respectively. Epoxy chains of the dispersant combine with the hydrophobic groups on coal surfaces and sulfonic acid groups of the dispersant are hydrophilic. This dispersant increases the stabilities of CWS effectively through steric hindrance effect to keep the coal particles from gathering.
Study on the New Technique for High-Sulfur Lead-Zinc Ore of Laos
Authors: Jian Sheng , Hu Yue Hua
Published: July 2012

This study presents sulfide ores with lead 0.71%, Zinc5.07% from Laos, using a grinding (grinding fineness -0.075mm, 80%). Then, the lead ores is recovered by flotation first. Second, the middling ores is returned in preferential floatation. The mixed collector is used in all flotation such as ethyl xanthogenate , butyl xanthate and SN-9.After flotation, the grade of lead concentrate is 63.63%, and a recovery is 83.26% .In addition, the grade of zinc is 56.33%,a recovery is 86.63%. It can result in obvious increase in yields of mineral processing and economic better effect in production, compared to the old technology.
The Oxidation Pretreatment of a Sulfidic Refractory Gold Ore with Pyrolusite
Authors: Hu Su Rong , Wang Chao , Wei Qi Feng
Published: July 2012

An attempt has been made to study the pretreatment of sulfidic refractory gold ore with pyrolusite. The inﬂuences of various parameters were studied to optimize the conditions. The optimum leaching conditions were pyrolusite/gold ore mass ratio of 3.0, H2SO4concentration of 3.0 M, temperature of 100°C, particle size of 45μm, stirring speed of 200 rpm. After the pretreatment, gold and silver were exposed, these made the extraction of the precious metal in the gold ore much easier.
Experimental Study on the Liquid Distributor of Horizontal Tube Falling Film Evaporator
Authors: Hu Bai Song , Zhang Fan , Wang Xin Liang , Sun Hui Peng , Shi Xiao Ping
Published: July 2012

A calandria liquid distributor device was designed for horizontal falling film evaporation. The guide plate was introduced in this, which is easy to manufacture and can effectively reduce splash phenomenon. This paper studies the liquid distribution from the relation between distributive unwell-distributed coefficient and liquid flux of distributor tube and distributor hole. The result showed that the distributive unwell-distributed coefficient of in liquid distributor was decreased along with accretion of liquid flux, as apposed to homogeneous perforated. The unwell-distributed hole coefficient of distributor tube No.0 was increased along with accretion of flux, as apposed to distributor tube No.1 and distributor tube No.2.
Effects of Different Processing Techniques on the Properties of PLA
Authors: Zheng Hong Juan , Wang Yan Rong , Zhao Zhi Wei , Zhang Lin Qi
Published: July 2012

PLA has excellent processing property and good thermal stability, which are closely related to the processing technology, and the general processing temperature can be controlled in 170~230°C. Effects of different processing conditions (internal mixing temperature, internal mixing time and internal mixing speed) on the properties of PLA were discussed. The results show that the mechanical properties and other performance of PLA can be obviously enhanced by internal mixing. Internal mixing time and internal mixing speed have little effects on the performance of PLA, but the internal mixing temperature has obvious effect on the properties of PLA. PLA has the optimum properties when the internal mixing time is 5min, internal mixing speed is 20r/min and internal mixing temperature is 190°C. The spherocrystal size and spherocrystal rate of PLA are influenced strongly by the mixing conditions.
Study on the Mean Value of Particle Concentration Signal in Silicon Power Fluidized Bed
Authors: Liu Xing Yong , Yang Hu , Wang You Cheng , Deng Zhuo Xu
Published: July 2012

The particle concentration signals of silicon powder in the fluidizing gas i.e. air under different operating conditions were determined. The diameter of silicon particles, operating velocity, radial distance and axial distance are used as input vector; the mean value of particle concentration signal in the silicon power fluidized bed is used as a target vector. The RBF neural network is applied to build the predicted model of the mean value in silicon power fluidized bed. The result shows that the prediction of mean value through the RBF neural network is prior to that by BP neural network, and its error is less than 0.2%.
Study on Intrinsic Safety and Volume Expansion Ratio of Liquefied Gas Cylinder
Authors: Yue Zhong , Tian Xin Li
Published: July 2012

Overfilling or full liquid is the main cause of liquefied gas cylinder explosion accidents; great volume expansion ratio (VER) of cylinder can efficiently prevent explosion accidents arising from overfilling or full liquid. This paper studies the change in pressure in overfilled or full-liquid liquefied gas cylinders as a function of temperature and the relationship between temperature and VER, and puts forward measures of increasing the VER of liquefied gas cylinders.
Cationic Polymerization of β-Pinene Using Keggin Phosphotungstates as Catalysts
Authors: Liu Zu Guang , Zeng Wei , Zhang Tai Shun , Wang Shuo , Zhu Hua Long , Lei Fu Hou
Published: July 2012

Polymerization of β-pinene was investigated in the presence of various Keggin phosphotungstates. The experiments show that cetyltrimethylammonium phosphotungstate with molar ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to phosphotungstatic acid equal to 0.5 indicate efficient catalytic performance for the polymerization of β-pinene. The catalyst was easily removed from reaction mixture by filtration. Therefore, a clean and environmental friendly strategy for synthesis of terpene resin is developed.
Formation Mechanism and the Solving Measures of Sediments in Surface Pipelines of ASP Flooding
Authors: Gao Qing He , Wang Bao Hui , Guo Chun Hui , Meng Fan Kun , Wang Yi Can
Published: July 2012

As a result of the base-rock corrosion effects and the suspension-carrying capability of polymer in the system of strong base ASP flooding, the concentration of silicon ions in reservoir liquid increases. As the liquid flows into the surface pipelines with tracer heating water injecting, thermodynamics and kinetics conditions change. Suspending power and pH value also decrease. Heavy oil (which content is more than 25%), silts, carbonates and silicates co-deposite, which can cause surface pipelines jamming and even production stopping. Physical or chemistry methods can prolong the rinsing cycles of surface pipelines. Pilot tests indicated that injecting resistance sedimentation agents cost little which had a long rinsing cycle above one year. Hot washing technology had a low cost but with a short rinsing cycle about 2-4 months and the treatment efficiency was easy influenced by the content of oil in blockages. Cavitating water jets technology had good effects and its rinsing cycle were 6 months but cost was high.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Four Channel Hot Air Gun Heating System
Authors: Wang Bo Ping , Dong Wei , Guo Min Chen , Yuan Zun Dong
Published: July 2012

In the spectral emissivity measurement of material, one domain uncertainty source is the measurement of the actual sample surface temperature. This paper presents a novel method on heating the sample—the four channel hot air heating method, with the purpose of making sure that the heat flux is nearly equal to zero inside the sample, which is essential for the low thermal conductive materials. So the temperature difference between the sample surface and inside can be neglected. The FEA (Finite Element Analysis) method, through using FLUENT, was adopted to numerically simulate the temperature profile of the new heating system. The simulation results showed that temperature profile at the direction of X in ±15 mm ranges at the central area of exits of the air-guide duct is almost at ±5°C and at the direction of Y in ±15 mm ranges is nearly ±10°C. The temperature profile was experimentally studied by using thermocouples, the numerical simulation and experimental results were in good coherence.
Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Alkyl Polyoxypropylene Sulfonate for Chemical Combination Flooding
Authors: Zhu You Yi , Ning Zhang Lei , Hou Qing Feng , Lei Ming , Jian Guo Qing
Published: July 2012

A serious of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was synthesized. The O/W interfacial activity of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial tension of Indonesia crude oil/formation water could reach ultralow level (10-3mN/m order of the magnitude) under weak alkali (Na2CO3) concentration from 0.4wt% to 1.0wt% with C16PO8S, C16PO10S, C18PO8S and C18PO10S alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate respectively. These surfactants showed good interface activity and salt and divalent cation tolerance ability. Combinations of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfanate homologies with different carbon chain length could significantly improve the interface activity. The IFT of Indonesia oil/formation water could reach ultralow interfacial tension under alkali free conditions. The combination of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant with petroleum sulfonate could improve the salt tolerance ability of formula.
Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation with CO2 over V2O5-Fe2O3/Al2O3-TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Shu Jiao , Li Xiao Hong , Feng Jie , Li Wen Ying , Wang Qian , Fan Hong Xia
Published: July 2012

The oxidative ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene with CO2 has been studied using various catalysts to enhance its activity and stability. The type of V2O5-Fe2O3/Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is studied to fit for this process. It is found that different TiO2 loadings can lead to the activity difference. Compared with the results happened in N2 atmosphere, both activity and selectivity were lower than that in the CO2. Hence, CO2 was chosen as a soft oxidant by improving activity and selectivity in the process of oxidative ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene with CO2 over the investigated catalysts.
The Mechanism Design of Sieve-Tray Tower Based on SW6
Authors: Yi Deng Li
Published: July 2012

The mechanical and structure designs are carried out in this paper for Sieve-tray tower used in chemical unit operations. Through the use of SW6 soft based on GB150, JB4710,the thickness of the equipment determined and the calculating for load, bending, axial stress are dealt. The strength and stable are checked for every dangerous section. For inner components of tower structure designs are carried out, assembly drawings and parts drawings are given according to the designed results.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Fields in Different Baffled Flocculation Reactors
Authors: Sun Jiao , Cui Shao Hua , Sun Ze Zhan , Kang Yong
Published: July 2012

The flow fields of the flocculators with different baffle which shape is vertical, perforated, arc and sine respectively were numerically simulated. The simulation parameters such as velocity, turbulent intensity, shaft power were compared in different types of baffled reactor. It shows that the calculated flow field matched the experiment results. Compared with the vertical baffles, the other three baffles such as perforated, arc and sine baffles, in varying degrees increased the average velocity and turbulence, and reduce energy consumption, in which the enhancement effects of sine baffles on flow field were especially prominent. In the sine baffled flocculator the average velocity and turbulent intensity was raised 2.6% and 3.8% respectively, and the shaft power was saved 5.78%. Reasonable structure of baffles can effectively resolve the problem of non-homogeneous mixture, intensify the flow field of flocculation reaction, improve flocculating effect, and reduce energy consumption.
Paper Machine Bearing’s Temperature and Air-Velocity Optimization under Air-Oil Lubrication
Authors: Zhang Feng , Han Gong Bo , Duan Su Xia
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this resarch was investigated the air-oil temperature field distribution under air-oil lubrication and oil lublubrication, meanwhile also study the air-oil lubrication effect under different air velocity inlet the bearing cavities of the high-speed paper machine dryer section. Base on the CFD theory, the temperature field of CARB bearing outer ring and the velocity field of the bearing cavities were simulated by the FLUENT software.Result show that air-oil lubricatin can reach the same cooling effect is contras with oil lubrication in the same heat production by roller; the best air-velocity value of air-oil lubrication system is obtain for the change of temperature and pressure in bearing cavities. It is confirm that the air-oil lubrication is viable in the high-speed paper machine dryer section.
Liquid Lifting Capability of Directed Combined Trapezoid Spray Tray
Authors: Liu Ji Dong , Jiang Kai , Dong Zhong Zhe , Xu Jian Xin
Published: July 2012

The liquid lift-up of directed combined trapezoid spray tray (CTST) was studied. The relationship between Liquid lifting capability of combined CTST and clear liquid height on the plate, F-factor based on tray hole was concluded. In single cap and combined several caps, the change of relative and absolute lift-up was also studied. The effect of F-factor to absolute elevating amount was determined by clear liquid height. On the condition of the higher or the lower clear liquid height, the influence of the F-factor to absolute lift-up was considerable. The relation between the pressure drop inside/outside of the bottom gap and liquid lift-up was studied.
Research of Inconel 600 Pipe Cracking Phenomena Caused by Activated-Sulfur in a Sealed Waste Alkali System
Authors: Zhao Jiang Ping , Ma Li Fa
Published: July 2012

Pipe is inevitable to be eroded under long-term operation. This research focus on metallurgy analysis about a cracked Inconel 600 pipe, EDS analysis and X-ray structure analysis were applied. Results proven the inner pipe-wall was seriously eroded by activated-sulfur. Results also discovered several areas of this pipe had been suffered from high temperature which exceeded its material re-crystallized temperature. Bumps evolved also increase the shear stress of the material (plastic) causing fracture. These means were adopted to increase corrosion resistance ability: making operation temperature shall be lower than 205°C and the PH value of the media in pipe above 8,increasing thickness of pipe elbow, using composite or ceramic as alternative material of pipe elbow, using inconel 600 with addition of Nb and Ti.
Structural and Fluid Flow Analysis of X-Style Blade Static Mixing Device
Authors: Wu Qing , Liu Xue Jun , Wang Xiao Bei , Yang Yan Xiang
Published: July 2012

A static mixing device with X-style blade structure is designed, and internal structure is described in this paper. Fluid flows through sparse X-style blade static mixing unit, and dense X-style blade static mixing unit. The fluid is subjected impact, separation, circumfluence and merging, and the mixing effects are augmented, and the applicable scope of the mixing device can be widened, and mixing can be more efficient, and structural size can be reduced. The actual turbulent flow inside the mixing units of the static mixing device will be taken into account. The paper can provide foundations for structural improvement, parameters design and optimization of X-style blade static mixing device.
The Analysis & Optimization of the Landing Stage Structure of Hydraulic Axis Car
Authors: Yang Gong Sheng
Published: July 2012

At the process of lading large structure with vehicle, the landing stage connects the barges and the dock, it needs to meet a requirement to make the car can be driven to the barges smoothly. Here, on the working condition that lading with hydraulic axis car, finite-element analysis and optimization were taken on the force of the landing stage, then optimized the structure of the landing stage to make it and it’s force distribution more reasonable, and reduced the weight of the landing stage.
Fatigue Analysis of Light Aircraft Landing Gear
Authors: Chen Pu Woei , Sheen Quen Yaw , Tan Harn Wen , Sun Tai Sing
Published: July 2012

Material fatigue is an important issue in structural design, especially for aircraft that undergo long-term alternating stress. Composite materials have been used extensively in aircraft because of their high specific strength ratio. Using composites made from different reinforcing materials and matrices through various manufacturing methods can yield different levels of performance when structures undergo long-term cyclic stress. Currently, composite materials are extensively used to build aircraft for large commercial carriers such as the Boeing 787 and the Airbus A380. Composite materials are also used in newly-developed small business jets and light aircraft to reduce weight and fuel consumption. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the reaction of light aircraft landing gear under cyclic stress. This study uses finite element analysis software to conduct simulations, and compares the fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced composites used in light sport aircraft (LSA) landing gear. We also explore the maximum stress, maximum strain and displacement of landing gear of different shapes (plate and column shapes). Among all the samples tested, column-shaped aluminum alloy landing gear has the lowest maximum stress under a static load; it also has the smallest maximum strain and y-axis displacement. However, column-shaped carbon fiber reinforced composites landing gear sustains approximately twice as much maximum stress under static loads and maximum alternating stress under fatigue loads than those made of aluminum alloy. All landing gear test samples can withstand cyclic stresses of over 108 cycles, except those made of aluminum alloy under 600 kg of load.
Experimental Investigation of a Solar Photovoltaic DC Refrigerator with Cold Storage
Authors: Liu Zhong Bao , Wang Bao Hong , Yang Shuang
Published: July 2012

This paper carried out comparative experimental investigation to test the operation performances of a solar photovoltaic(SPV) direct current(DC) refrigerator using a phase change material(PCM)、a photovoltaic DC refrigerator without PCM and a conventional household one. The solar photovoltaic DC refrigerator with PCM has many advantages on start-stop frequency of the compressor、operation ratio and heat insulation time during the motor stopped. Furthermore, the system is powered by solar energy completely without consuming any grid electricity for running, and is " the green household electric appliance” on real significance, that especially suitable for remote mountains and nomadic areas of fresh food and medical supplies of vaccine, etc.
Study of Manufacturing High Pure Chlorine Dioxide with Multi-Stage Compound Chlorine Dioxide Generator
Authors: Zhang Ji Ku , Dai Lu Lu , Tan Wei
Published: July 2012

Based on the status that conversion rate of Single-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator is not high in the market，we designed a multi-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator and discussed the best reaction conditions. At the same time ,we also focused on the reaction temperature, reactor pressure, concentration of raw materials and raw materials ratio on the performance of generator. The results show that the best reaction conditions of water bath temperature was 70°C、gas pressure was 60 ml • min-1、mass fraction of HCl was 24%、mass fraction of NaClO3 was 26%、Molar ratio of HCl and NaClO 3was 3. Under these conditions, the Index ,such as production of ClO2、production of effective chlorine、yield and purity of ClO2、consumption rate of NaClO3 and the ratio of ClO2/Cl2,reached a higher level, providing the technical basis for the mass production of Multi-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Heat Pipe Network
Authors: Lv Yu Kun , Liu Hai Feng , Song Bao Jun , Zhao Kai
Published: July 2012

The urban heat pipe network fault diagnosis was studied in this paper. According to differential equations and boundary conditions, the author deduces the function relations between pressure and flow in unsteady flow. On the base of above investigations, a heat pipe network leak pipeline diagnosis method and a leak positioning method are proposed here, the pipeline alarm valve ε0 and the leak alarm valve εF are designed. We can judge whether heat pipe network leaks or not through the law of flow conservation, and search out the leak pipeline by judging the size relation of pressure drop, ε1 and ε0, before and after pipeline leaks. It then locates the leak point by judging the size relation of ε2 and εF before and after the pipeline leaks. Moreover, the location accuracy is 5%.
Technique Design of Full-Condenser to the Rectification
Authors: Yan Shao Feng , Sui Bo Yuan , Bian Xiu Juan
Published: July 2012

An introduction is made of the total procedures in designing full-condenser to the rectification device for producing PVC, which mainly involves material balance calculation, heat balance calculation and the equipment choice. Practice shows the VC amount being contained in the afterbay gases measures up to the standard requested by this technique, and is in line with discharging standard
Dynamic Instability of Slender Sucker Rod String Vibration Characteristic Research
Authors: Jiang Min Zheng , Dong Kang Xing , Xin Min , Liu Ming Xing
Published: July 2012

The vibration of oil well sucker rod is one of the main reasons that cause breaking and disengaging to the pumping well. According to vibration mechanics theory and nonlinear theory, building the vibration mechanics model of the subsurface rod system, combined with finite element theory, using spatial beam element to establish the finite element of the rod. And according to the interface ingenerating conditions, adopt augmented Lagrange multiplier method to embed it into the finite element equations, tracing the contact friction state of the rod and tubing, to obtain the rod vibration characteristics and the contact state with the tubing during work process, to analyze the change law and influencing factors, providing the theoretical support to the vibration control of the rod.
Influence of Different Outlet Diameters on Atomization Performance of Liquid Beset Gas Nozzles
Authors: Liu Ding Ping , Zhang Bing Jie
Published: July 2012

The wet FGD system with the characteristics of stable and mature, which had been widely used in the large thermal power plants. In this system, spray nozzle plays a key role, and the atomization performance of the spray nozzle affects the desulfurization reaction rate and efficiency directly. A new type spray nozzle, liquid beset gas nozzle was came up with in this article. It makes use of compressed gas in the internal pipeline to crush the liquid flowed out of the external pipeline into small particles. To optimize the nozzle's structure and develop its atomization performance, then considered outlet diameters of nozzle as one of the main influencing factors, sets three outlet diameters of nozzles: 4mm, 5mm and 6mm. This experiment with water for medium uses a laser particle size analyzer and a high speed camera for analysis to take atomization performance's tests of liquid beset gas nozzles under different outlet diameters and working conditions. The results of experimental studies were concluded. Firstly, when the outlet diameter is 5mm, the total spraying performance was the best. Because this outlet diameter can make the nozzle be in a balance between effective crush, fully mixing and jams preventing. Secondly, the new type nozzle had certain adaptability, when working pressures changed, and can be widely used in the wet FGD system.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Dense Granular Flow between Two Waved Plates
Authors: Liu Feng Xia , Wei Wei , Liu Zhi Jun , Leng Tao Tian , Li Zhi Yi
Published: July 2012

Using a two-dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) computer simulation, dense granular flows with the particle size range of 2-3 mm were studied between two vertical waved plates. The hydrodynamic characteristics, such as flow pattern, distribution of stress, velocity and trajectory of particles were analyzed in the process of granular flow. The results were compared to those of the flows between two vertical flat plates. The results indicated that the transient stress between waved plates was heterogeneous; the zigzag-like pressure profiles on the waved pate increased. Conclusions could be drawn that the formation of dense particle clusters disturbed spatial homogeneity and resulted in collisional anisotropy which was propitious to enhance the process of momentum, heat and mass transmission.
Fiber Modification by Laccase and a Hydrophobic Compound
Authors: Liu Na , Hu Jie
Published: July 2012

The hydrophobicity characteristic of lignocellulosic fibers is an advantage for some paper or paperboard. In this work, the unbleached kraft pulp was treated by laccase and lauryl gallate (LG). The sizing degree, water retention value (WRV) and the wet strength of the treated fibers were studied. The optimal process conditions such as the beating degree of pulp, the drying time and drying temperature of the resulting paper for improving the sizing degree and wet strength were discussed. The results showed that the sizing degree of pulp with beating degree of 25 °SR could be increased by 4.6 times after laccase/LG treatment. The optimal drying time and temperature of the resulting handsheet was 30 min and 105°C for improving the sizing degree of pulp, respectively. The water retention value of pulp with beating degree of 25 °SR decreased. The wet/dry tensile index value of the treated pulp increased after laccase/LG treatment. The high drying temperature (above 105 °C) of handsheet helped to enhance the wet strength of pulp.
Research on the Prehydrolysis Technology of Poplar and Bamboo Dissolving Pulp
Authors: Zhou Shu Fang , Zhao Chuan Shan , Wu Chao Jun , Han Wen Jia , Bing Li Juan
Published: July 2012

The aims of prehydrolysis are mainly removing pentose and decreasing viscosity in the preparation process of dissolving pulp. In this paper, the effect of prehydrolysis in the preparation process of poplar and bamboo dissolving pulp were investigated under different prehydrolysis conditions. The optimum prehydrolysis process conditions of poplar were obtained as followings: the liquid ratio of 1:6, the highest temperature of 160±2°C, heating time of 90min, holding time of 120min, H2SO4 of 1.0%, the P-factor was 1537. Under this condition, the results showed that the content of pentosan decreased from 24.10% to 7.85%. The optimum prehydrolysis process conditions of bamboo were obtained as followings: the liquid ratio of 1:8, the highest temperature of 160±2°C, heating time of 90min, holding time of 120min, H2SO4 of 1.0%, the P-factor was 1549.And the content of pentosan was also decreased from 19.64% to 6.76% by the prehydrolysis process.
Preparation of the Modified Polyamide Polyamine Enhancer and its Application in Tube Roll Base Paper
Authors: Zhu Qing , Zhao Chuan Shan , Han Wen Jia
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we proposed the method to synthesize the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, which takes PAE, styrene and acrylic as raw materials. Factors that would affect the preparation of the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, such as monomer amount, reaction time, initiator amount and emulsion concentration, were discussed in detail. Experimental results showed that the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer achieved optimum effect the strength of tube roll base paper under the conditions: the amount of acrylic is 6%, the ratio of styrene and PAE is 2:1, holding time 4h, and the amount of initiator 0.7%. The modified polyamide polyamine enhancer applied to tube roll base paper. The optimum amount of modified polyamide enhancer was 1%. The ring crush strength of paper prepared in this condition can be increased by 44% and the stiffness can be increased by 46%.
Some Properties and Disposal Process of Paper Sludge
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Chao Jun , Chen Jia Chuan , Yang Gui Hua
Published: July 2012

Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, ﬁber content, ash content,C,H,O,N,S and metal content in dried sludge. The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value was in a neutral level, metal elements were varied. Besides, calorific value was detected in a thermal power plant.Disposal of residue wastes from pulp and paper mills is a paramount issue facing the world today. Paper sludge is the solid waste from papermaking industry. The sludge treatment and disposal process will bring about environmental pollution. Therefore,much attentions should be paid to disposal of paper sludge. It is expected that this paper can provide deep insights into the disposal of paper sludge.