bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-Based Direct Care Workers
Authors: Hamadi Hanadi , Probst Janice C. , Khan M. Mahmud , Bellinger Jessica , Porter Candace
Published: March 2016

The objectives of the study were to profile occupational injury patterns across home health and hospice care (HHC), organization characteristics, and home health aides’ (HHAs) individual characteristics, and examine how worker training affects HHAs’ risk of reporting an injury using the model of human factors of health care in the home. The authors measured training knowledge using an 11-item scale and conducted univariate and bivariate analyses to describe injury patterns across individual, occupational, and organizational factors using STATA 12.0. The researchers found that work-related injuries and type of injury were associated with increased likelihood of reporting one or more injuries, full-time employment, high hourly pay, and working in an inpatient or mixed setting. Overall, HHAs perceived that they received “excellent” and “good” training on key topics that promoted safety and job knowledge. Furthermore, the results suggested linkages between worker’s complex personal, occupational, and organizational characteristics.
Coronary Artery Aneurysmal Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ostwani Wesam , Fleming Holly , Roldan Carlos A.
Published: March 2016

The patient is a 70-year-old male with no other atherogenic risk factors who presented with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) of unstable angina subsequently complicated by a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The patient’s presentation posed 3 unique features: (1) cardiac catheterization demonstrated nonobstructive 3-vessel multi-aneurysmal coronary artery disease with sluggish antegrade coronary flow; (2) a nonobstructive aneurysmal dissection flap based on contrast staining of the mid left anterior descending artery, which may have led to in situ nonocclusive thrombosis and distal microvascular embolization; and (3) successful conservative medical therapy of coronary artery aneurysmal disease (CAAD) complicated with ACS. CAAD has an incidence of 1.5% to 4.9% in adults. The most common etiology of CAAD is atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. There are no guidelines for the management of CAAD complicated by ACS, and controversies exist as to whether conservative, catheter-based, or surgical management should be pursued.
Transient Hypocalcemia in a Dialysis Patient With Paget’s disease and Presumed Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Phelps Kenneth R. , Mo Jay , Czerwinskyj Chrystina , Mathew Roy O.
Published: March 2016

A 68-year-old man with end-stage renal disease was hospitalized because of radicular pain and weakness in the left arm and hand. Sonography and computed tomography had recently shown a large right renal mass. On admission, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated vertebral metastases with epidural extension, and radiotherapy was directed to the spine and kidney. Hypocalcemia was first noted on the fourth hospital day. A second computed tomography scan showed bleeding into and around the kidney, and arterial embolization was required to halt the bleeding. Hypocalcemia persisted for at least 27 days at values between 6.0 and 7.7 mg/dL and was consistently associated with ionized calcium concentrations less than or equal to 4.44 mg/dL. After an unrevealing search for a recognized cause, we attributed hypocalcemia to persistent sequestration of calcium in the right retroperitoneum. Exogenous supplementation eventually restored the concentration to normal. In the absence of renal and intestinal loss, hypocalcemia reflects abnormal flux of calcium from the extracellular compartment into tissue. Our patient’s repository appears to have been a necrotic and hemorrhagic cancer. Tumor-induced sequestration of calcium should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia.
The Content of Our #Characters
Authors: Graham Roderick , Smith ‘Shawn
Published: March 2016

Much media attention has been placed on “Black Twitter,” a collective composed primarily of African Americans who have managed to effect change through the microblogging platform Twitter. Organized around the hashtag #BlackTwitter, this collection of users has been credited with injecting uniquely black concerns and perspectives into the national discourse. However, Black Twitter as an entity has not been theoretically contextualized and grounded in empirical research. In this research, the authors situate Black Twitter within the public sphere–counterpublic literature and ask the question: can Black Twitter be understood as a counterpublic? The authors compare Black Twitter, as indicated by the #BlackTwitter hashtag, with hashtags indicating the public sphere—#TCOT (Top Conservatives on Twitter) for conservatives and #UniteBlue for progressives—and with a hashtag indicating another potential counterpublic—#BCOT (Black Conservatives on Twitter). Using a corpus of 16,000 tweets collected during a 10-day period, comparisons were made in interaction patterns (tweets, favorites, and replies) and thematic content. The findings suggest that compared with other hashtags and the publics they represent, #BlackTwitter possesses more of the characteristics of a counterpublic.
Effect of “add-on” interventions on exercise training in individuals with COPD: a systematic review
Authors: Camillo Carlos A. , Osadnik Christian R. , van Remoortel Hans , Burtin Chris , Janssens Wim , Troosters Thierry
Published: March 2016

The aim of this review was to identify the effectiveness of therapies added on to conventional exercise training to maximise exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Electronic databases were searched, identifying trials comparing exercise training with exercise training plus “add-on” therapy. Outcomes included peak oxygen uptake (V′O2peak), work rate and incremental/endurance cycle and field walking tests. Individual trial effects on exercise capacity were extracted and collated into eight subgroups and pooled for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the stability of effect estimates across studies employing patient-centred designs and those deemed to be of “high” quality (PEDro score >5 out of 10).

74 studies (2506 subjects) met review inclusion criteria. Interventions spanned a broad scope of clinical practice and were most commonly evaluatedviathe 6-min walking distance andV′O2peak. Meta-analysis revealed few clinically relevant and statistically significant benefits of “add-on” therapies on exercise performance compared with exercise training. Benefits favouring “add-on” therapies were observed across six different interventions (additional exercise training, noninvasive ventilation, bronchodilator therapy, growth hormone, vitamin D and nutritional supplementation). The sensitivity analyses included considerably fewer studies, but revealed minimal differences to the primary analysis.

The lack of systematic benefits of “add-on” interventions is a probable reflection of methodological limitations, such as “one size fits all” eligibility criteria, that are inherent in many of the included studies of “add-on” therapies. Future clarification regarding the exact value of such therapies may only arise from adequately powered, multicentre clinical trials of tailored interventions for carefully selected COPD patient subgroups defined according to distinct clinical phenotypes.
Policy levers to increase jobs and increase income from work after the Great Recession
Authors: Neumark David
Published: March 2016

The depth of the Great Recession, the slow recovery of job creation, the downward trend in labor force participation, high long-term unemployment, stagnant or declining wages for low-to-medium skill jobs owing to adverse labor demand shifts, and a greater rebound in low-wage than mid- or higher-wage jobs raised concerns that the normal business cycle dynamics of recovery from the recession will be insufficient to offset the diminished labor market prospects of many workers. These concerns have spurred serious consideration of policies to encourage job creation and higher income from work beyond the more immediate countercyclical policies that were adopted in response to the Great Recession. Among the policies generating continuing or renewed interest are hiring credits, higher (sometimes much higher) minimum wages, and a more substantial earned income tax credit (EITC) for childless individuals. This paper discusses these policy options, what we know about their likely effects and trade-offs, and what the unanswered questions are; the focus is on US evidence.

JEL codes:J2, J3, J6
Undeletable Text: Eric Hobsbawm
Authors: Wark McKenzie
Published: March 2016

Eric Hobsbawm's historiography is rooted in his biography, which begins with the struggle against fascism in Vienna and Berlin, which he experienced in his youth. He remained loyal to a popular front view of historical action throughout his life and career. His books divide into two kinds. Firstly, histories from below, in which he narrates the heroic failure of mostly premodern forms of resistance; secondly, histories of the totality, in which he tries to narrate the rise and spread of capitalism and its internal contradictions, particularly with organized labor. His last work, The Age of Extremes, is different, in that it is structured in terms of the effects on the West of the simulacrum of Soviet Communism, rather than its threat or actuality. Hobsbawm remains a figure of the twentieth century to the extent that his work missed the rise of new productive forces, the centrality of China, and the problems of the Anthropocene, such as climate change. And yet he at least remained loyal to a vision of enlightenment and liberation, even as his own personal communism was reduced to loyalty to the memory of fallen comrades.
Hijacking Translation: How Comp Lit Continues to Suppress Translated Texts
Authors: Venuti Lawrence
Published: March 2016

Despite the increased attention that translation has received in conjunction with the newly revived topic of “world literature,” translation research and practice continue to be marginal in comparative literature as the field has developed in the United States. The evidence for this marginality takes various forms, institutional and intellectual, including reports on the state of the field, the curricula of departments and programs of comparative literature, and recent research that promulgates a discourse of “untranslatability” among comparatists. A key factor in this questionable situation is an instrumental model of translation that preempts a more productive understanding of translation as an interpretive act while maintaining a critical orthodoxy in literary studies. This article examines several influential publications in an effort to consider the cultural and political costs of suppressing translated texts.
Three dimensional imaging of the intracellular assembly of a functional viral RNA replicase complex
Authors: de Castro Isabel Fernández , Fernández José J. , Barajas Daniel , Nagy Peter D. , Risco Cristina
Published: March 2016

Positive-strand RNA viruses, which can be devastating pathogens in humans, animals and plants, replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes. Here we describe the three-dimensional ultrastructural organization of a tombusvirus replicase in yeast, a valuable model for exploring virus-host interactions. We visualized the intracellular distribution of a viral replicase protein using metal-tagging transmission electron microscopy, a highly sensitive nanotechnology whose full potential remains to be developed. These three-dimensional images show how viral replicase molecules are organized when they are incorporated into the active domains of the intracellular replication compartment. Our approach provides a means to study protein activation mechanisms in cells and to identify targets for new antiviral compounds.
In vitro evidence supports the presence of glucokinase-independent glucosensing mechanisms in hypothalamus and hindbrain of rainbow trout
Authors: Otero-Rodiño Cristina , Velasco Cristina , Álvarez-Otero Rosa , López-Patiño Marcos A. , Míguez Jesús M. , Soengas José L.
Published: March 2016

We previously obtained evidence in rainbow trout for the presence and response to changes in circulating levels of glucose (induced by intraperitoneal hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic treatments) of glucosensing mechanisms dependent on liver X receptor (LXR), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria inducing enhanced expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and sweet taste receptor in hypothalamus, and on sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) in hindbrain. However those effects of glucose might be indirect. Therefore, we evaluated in a first experiment in pools of hypothalamus and hindbrain incubated for 6h at 15 °C in modified Hanks' medium containing 2, 4, or 8 mM D-glucose the response of parameters related to these glucosensing mechanisms. The responses observed in some cases were consistent with glucosensing capacity. In a second experiment, pools of hypothalamus and hindbrain were incubated for 6h at 15 °C in modified Hanks' medium with 8 mM D-glucose alone (control) or containing 1 mM phloridzin (SGLT-1 antagonist), 20 μM genipin (UCP2 inhibitor), 1 μM trolox (ROS scavenger), 100 μM bezafibrate (T1R3 inhibitor), and 50 μM geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (LXR inhibitor). The response observed in the presence of these specific inhibitors/antagonists further supports that critical components of the different glucosensing mechanisms are functioning in rainbow trout hypothalamus and hindbrain.
Cell biology and genetics of minimal change disease
Authors: Saleem Moin A. , Kobayashi Yasuko
Published: March 2016

Minimal change disease (MCD) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and is characterized by massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, resulting in edema and hypercholesterolemia. The podocyte plays a key role in filtration and its disruption results in a dramatic loss of function leading to proteinuria. Immunologic disturbance has been suggested in the pathogenesis of MCD. Because of its clinical features, such as recurrent relapse/remission course, steroid response in most patients, and rare familial cases, a genetic defect has been thought to be less likely in MCD. Recent progress in whole-exome sequencing reveals pathogenic mutations in familial cases in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and sheds light on possible mechanisms and key molecules in podocytes in MCD. On the other hand, in the majority of cases, the existence of circulating permeability factors has been implicated along with T lymphocyte dysfunction. Observations of benefit with rituximab added B cell involvement to the disease. Animal models are unsatisfactory, and the humanized mouse may be a good model that well reflects MCD pathophysiology to investigate suggested “T cell dysfunction” directly related to podocytesin vivo. Several candidate circulating factors and their effects on podocytes have been proposed but are still not sufficient to explain whole mechanisms and clinical features in MCD. Another circulating factor disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and it is not clear if this is a distinct entity, or on the same spectrum, implicating the same circulating factor(s). These patients are mostly steroid resistant and often have a rapid relapse after transplantation. In clinical practice, predicting relapse or disease activity and response to steroids is important and is an area where novel biomarkers can be developed based on our growing knowledge of podocyte signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss recent findings in genetics and podocyte biology in MCD.
Eph-ephrin signaling in nervous system development
Authors: Cramer Karina S. , Miko Ilona J.
Published: March 2016

Ephrins and Eph receptors enable contact-mediated interactions between cells at every stage of nervous system development. In spite of their broad binding affinities, Eph proteins facilitate specificity in neuronal migration and axon targeting. This review focuses on recent studies that demonstrate how these proteins interact with each other, and with other signaling pathways, to guide specificity in a diverse set of developmental processes.
Modern Russian language: Morphemics. Word-formation
Authors: Пантелеев Андрей , Panteleev Andrey , Ковтуненко Инна , Kovtunenko Inna
Published: March 2016

The textbook contains theoretical information on morphemics and word formation of the modern Russian language; Glossary of terms, plans of practical classes, tasks and exercises for them; tasks for self-control, options for tests and tests; schemes and samples of analysis of language units, a list of scientific and educational literature; questions for the exam. Prepared in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of higher education in directions of preparation "Pedagogical education", "Philology", in accordance with the approximate program of the course "Modern Russian language" and is intended for students enrolled in the profile "Russian language and literature, Russian language and foreign language", "national Philology", for students of the specialist degree, students majoring in "Russian language and literature", master of Philology, as well as for foreign students studying Russian language.
Ethics Issues Arising in the Transition to Learning Health Care Systems: Results
from Interviews with Leaders from 25 Health Systems
Authors: Morain Stephanie R. , Kass Nancy E.
Published: March 2016

Introduction: There is increased interest in transitioning to a “learning health
care system” (LHCS). While this transition brings the potential for significant
benefits, it also presents several ethical considerations. Identifying the ethical
issues faced by institutions in this transition is critical for realizing the goals of
learning health care so that these issues can be anticipated and, where possible,
resolved.Methods: 29 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with leaders
within 25 health care institutions. Respondents were recruiting using purposive
sampling, targeting institutions considered as LHCS leaders. All interviews were
audiorecorded and transcribed. NVIVO10 software was used to support qualitative
analysis.Results: Respondents described seven ethical challenges: (1) ethical oversight
of learning activities; (2) transparency of learning activities to patients; (3)
potential tensions between improving quality and reducing costs; (4) data sharing and
data management; (5) lag time between discovery and implementation; (6) transparency to
patients about quality; and (7) randomization for quality improvement
initiatives.Discussion: To move towards LHCS, several ethical considerations require
further attention, including: the continued appropriateness of the research-treatment
distinction; policy frameworks for privacy and data sharing; informing patients about
learning activities; obligations to share data on quality; and the potential for
trade-offs between quality improvement and cost control.Conclusion: To our knowledge,
this is the first project to ask leaders from health care systems committed to ongoing
learning about the ethical issues they have faced in this effort. Their experiences can
provide guidance on relevant ethical issues, and what might be done to resolve
them.
Comparison of Predictive Immunohistochemical Marker Expression of Primary Breast Cancer and Paired Distant Metastasis using Surgical Material
Authors: Kulka Janina , Székely Borbála , Lukács Lilla V. , Kiss Orsolya , Tőkés Anna-Mária , Vincze Eszter , Turányi Eszter , Fillinger János , Hanzély Zoltán , Arató Gabriella , Szendrői Miklós , Győrffy Balázs , Szász A. Marcell
Published: March 2016

Parallel studies of primary breast carcinomas and corresponding distant metastases samples reveal considerable differences. Our aim was to highlight this issue from another perspective and provide further data based on 98 patient samples: 69 primary breast carcinoma and 85 distant metastases from bone, central nervous system (CNS) and lung (56 paired). Two independent series of immunohistochemical reactions with different antibodies for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), along with HER2 fluroscence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on tissue microarrays to classify breast carcinoma and distant metastases samples into Luminal A, Luminal B-proliferating, Luminal B-HER2+, HER2+ and triple negative (TNBC) surrogate breast cancer groups. Correlation and agreement between the two assessments of ER and PgR were fair-to-moderate, and almost perfect for HER2 and Ki67. There was 40% discordance concerning immunophenotype between breast carcinomas and distant metastases. Most common metastatic site of ER+ breast carcinoma was the skeletal system (59.2%), whereas that of TNBCs was the CNS (58.8%) and lungs (23.5%). Distant metastases in bones were mostly luminal (54.3%), in the CNS, Luminal B (53.2%), and in the lung, TNBC (37.5%). The change of drugable properties of primary breast cancers in the respective bone and CNS metastases suggests that characterization of the metastasis is necessary for appropriate treatment planning.
Detection of Phenotypic Alterations Using High-Content Analysis of Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Shirinifard Abbas , Thiagarajan Suresh , Vogel Peter , Sablauer András
Published: March 2016

Tumors exhibit spatial heterogeneity, as manifested in immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining patterns. Current IHC quantification methods lose information by reducing this heterogeneity in each whole-slide image (WSI) or in selective fields of view to a single staining index. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of an IHC quantification method that uses this heterogeneity to reliably compare IHC staining patterns. We virtually partitioned WSIs by a grid of square tiles, and computed the staining index distributions to quantify heterogeneities. We used samples from these distributions as inputs to non-parametric statistical comparisons. We applied our grid method to fixed tumor samples from 26 tumors obtained from a double-blind preclinical study of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of pediatric neuroblastoma in CD1 nude mice. We compared the results of our grid method to the results based on whole-slide indices, the current practice. We show that our grid method reliably detects phenotypic alterations that other tests based on whole-slide indices fail to detect. Based on robustness and increased sensitivity of statistical inference, we conclude that our method of whole-slide grid quantification is superior to existing whole-slide quantification techniques.
A Systematic Characterization of Aquaporin-9 Expression in Human Normal and Pathological Tissues
Authors: Lindskog Cecilia , Asplund Anna , Catrina Anca , Nielsen Søren , Rützler Michael
Published: March 2016

AQP9 is known to facilitate hepatocyte glycerol uptake. Murine AQP9 protein expression has been verified in liver, skin, epididymis, epidermis and neuronal cells using knockout mice. Further expression sites have been reported in humans. We aimed to verify AQP9 expression in a large set of human normal organs, different cancer types, rheumatoid arthritis synovial biopsies as well as in cell lines and primary cells. Combining standardized immunohistochemistry with high-throughput mRNA sequencing, we found that AQP9 expression in normal tissues was limited, with high membranous expression only in hepatocytes. In cancer tissues, AQP9 expression was mainly found in hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting no general contribution of AQP9 to carcinogenesis. AQP9 expression in a subset of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue samples was affected by Humira, thereby supporting a suggested role of TNFα in AQP9 regulation in this disease. Among cell lines and primary cells, LP-1 myeloma cells expressed high levels of AQP9, whereas low expression was observed in a few other lymphoid cell lines. AQP9 mRNA and protein expression was absent in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Overall, AQP9 expression in human tissues appears to be more selective than in mice.
At Face Value and Beyond
Authors: Schwärzler Monika
Published: March 2016

How to account for the peculiar attraction of certain photos? How to deal with the specific use of images in particular contexts? Monika Schwärzler presents a variety of photographic case studies exploring visual phenomena from the point of view of media analysis as well as from sociological, aesthetic, and psychoanalytic perspectives. The topics range from a new reading of Thomas Struth's street photographs to CERN photos with their charged rhetoric, from the assault of photographic close-ups to speculations on an anonymous slide collection featuring a woman with an ever-present white handbag. The book is intended for an audience receptive to the analytical appeal of images, prepared to go beyond what can be taken at face value.
endlos
Authors: Stöhr Franziska
Published: March 2016

Die Geschichte des Film- und Videoloops ist zugleich eine Geschichte der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung von künstlerischen Experimenten, technischen Möglichkeiten und der Entwicklung der Ausstellungsgeschichte. Franziska Stöhrs umfassende Studie analysiert entscheidende Ausstellungen wie »Information« (MoMA, New York 1970), »Prospect 71: Projection« (Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1971) und »documenta 5-10« (Kassel, 1972-1997) mit Werkbeispielen u.a. von Bruce Nauman, Dennis Oppenheim, Paul Sharits oder Bill Viola. Am Beispiel etwa von Teresa Hubbard/Alexander Birchler, Stan Douglas und Björn Melhus wird zudem eine umfassende Typologie künstlerischer Strategien in Film- und Videoloops entwickelt.
Kodokushi - Lokale Netzwerke gegen Japans einsame Tode
Authors: Dahl Nils
Published: March 2016

Das japanische Wort »kodokushi« beschreibt Todesfälle von sozial isolierten Personen, die erst nach längerer Zeit aufgefunden werden. Derartige Fälle widersprechen weit verbreiteten Vorstellungen eines guten Todes und werden tendenziell negativ bewertet. In gegenwärtigen Diskussionen über die Alterung der Gesellschaft nimmt das Wort »kodokushi« eine zentrale Rolle ein: Es steht für die abnehmende Bedeutung traditioneller Sozialbeziehungen in Japan und erscheint als Ausdruck einer allgemeinen Krisenstimmung. Anhand theoretischer Arbeiten und empirischer Daten untersucht Nils Dahl, wie der »einsame Tod« in Japan als gesellschaftliches Problem konstruiert wird und welche Folgen dies für den Aufbau eines Wohlfahrtssystems auf der lokalen Ebene haben kann.
Sisters - Cyborgs - Drags
Authors: Mertlitsch Kirstin
Published: March 2016

Feministische und queere Theorien sind mit ganz besonderen Figuren ausgestaltet: die »Sister« der zweiten Frauenbewegung, die »Cyborg« von Donna Haraway, das »Nomadic Subject« von Rosi Braidotti, die »New Mestiza« von Gloria Anzaldúa und die »Drag« von Judith Butler. Welche Funktionen erfüllen Begriffspersonen innerhalb von Genderdiskursen? Welche Wirkungen haben sie auf Leser_innen und Denker_innen? Und vor allem: Wo liegen die Potenziale dieser Figuren für Denken, Erkennen und politisches Handeln? Kirstin Mertlitsch zeigt auf, welche wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Schlüsselkonzepte queer-feministische Begriffspersonen verkörpern und ausagieren. Sie analysiert erstmals, in welchen rationalen, emotional-affektiven und körperlich-materiellen Dimensionen Wissen vermittelt und Erkenntnisprozesse ermöglicht werden.
Geographies of Love
Authors: Lenz Christian
Published: March 2016

»Geographies of Love« is the first study to explore the cultural lifeworlds of British, Australian and Indian chick- and ladlit characters. Offering unique case studies including »Bridget Jones's Diary«, »About a Boy« and »Almost Single«, the book explores how women and men search for love and how they commit themselves to romances in specific spaces and places: the home and the office as well as shops, clubs and bars. This cross-disciplinary study provides scholars, students and keen readers with multiple points of access and easily-relatable situations. It applies the complex phenomenon of cultural geographies within the field of literary studies and sheds new light on a most passionate feeling.
Houses, Secrets, and the Closet
Authors: Bauer Gero
Published: March 2016

»Houses, Secrets, and the Closet« investigates the literary production of masculinities and their relation to secrets and sexualities in 18th and 19th century fiction. It focusses on close readings of Gothic fiction, Sensation Novels, and tales by Horace Walpole, Ann Radcliffe, William Godwin, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Wilkie Collins, and Henry James. The study approaches these texts through the lens of domestic space, gender, knowledge, and power. This approach serves to investigate the cultural roots of the ›closet‹ - the male homosexual secret - which reveals a more general notion of male secrecy in modern society. The study thus contributes to a better understanding of the cultural history of masculinities and sexualities.
Perceção de acontecimentos de vida negativos, depressão e risco de suicídio em jovens adultos
Authors: Sobrinho Ana Teresa , Campos Rui C.
Published: March 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar dois modelos de previsão do risco de suicídio que assumem que a depressão medeia a relação entre a frequência de acontecimentos de vida percebidos como negativos e o risco de suicídio e a intensidade dos acontecimentos de vida percebidos como negativos e o risco de suicídio. Foi controlado o efeito da idade e do género dos participantes. Os dados foram recolhidos em dois momentos diferentes com um intervalo de cinco meses. Participaram 165 jovens adultos (41 homens e 121 mulheres) que responderam ao Life Experiences Survey, à Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos e ao Questionário de Comportamentos Suicidários - Revisto. Os dois modelos de equações estruturais testados ajustam-se aos dados de forma satisfatória. Os resultados são discutidos nas suas implicações para a prática clínica.
Espiritualidade: Contributos para uma clarificação do conceito
Authors: Costa Catré Maria Nazarete , Ferreira Joaquim Armando , Pessoa Teresa , Catré Acácio , Catré Maria Costa
Published: March 2016

Os estudos sobre espiritualidade têm proliferado, nestes últimos anos, no campo científico. Os investigadores tentam perceber em que medida é que ela afeta o comportamento humano, quer individual, quer coletivamente. A controvérsia reside, no entanto, em torno do constructo da espiritualidade e se este é ou não (in) dissociável de dois outros que remontam às suas origens conceptuais: os constructos da religião e da religiosidade. Com este artigo, pretendemos contribuir para uma clarificação daquele conceito, apontando os caminhos geradores de possíveis consensus capazes de abarcar distintas sensibilidades e ultrapassar a dispersão das definições que grassam os estudos, por forma a tornar os constructos mais consistentes, em prol da cientificidade das investigações nesta área.
On the density function on moduli spaces of toric 4-manifolds
Authors: Figalli Alessio , Pelayo Álvaro
Published: March 2016

The optimal density function assigns to each symplectic toric manifoldMa positive numberd ≤1 obtained by considering the ratio between the maximum volume ofMwhich can be filled by symplectically embedded disjoint balls and the total symplectic volume ofM. In the toric version,Mis toric and the balls need to be embedded respecting the toric action onM. We give a brief survey of toric symplectic manifolds and the recent constructions of moduli space structure on them, and then we recall how to define a natural density function on this moduli space. We review previous work which explains how the study of the density function can be reduced to a problem in convex geometry, and use this correspondence to to give a simple description of the regions of continuity of the maximal density function when the dimension is 4.
Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia: A Literature Review of an Old Overlooked Problem
Authors: Lotfi Fatemi Seyed Naser , Armat Mohammad Reza , Emami Zeydi Amir , Soleimani Aria , Hasanzadeh Kiabi Farshad
Published: March 2016

Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a common anesthesia-related complication in patients undergoing surgery. This could possibly lead to several clinical consequences, which adversely affect the surgery outcome, particularly in high risk patient. The combination of anesthetic drugs and cold operating room environment are among the most common predisposing factors of perioperative hypothermia. The aim of this comprehensive literature review is to describe the importance, monitoring techniques, potential complications, appropriate pharmacologic interventions and modalities to manage perioperative hypothermia.
Morphometric Analysis of the Upper Premolars
Authors: Stošić Nenad , Dačić Stefan , Ranđelović Marina , Jovančić Andrijana , Đorđević Ivana , Cvetković Maja , Ilić Dušan , Petrović Aleksandra , Simonović Dragica Dačić
Published: March 2016

Morphological and anatomical characteristics of the tooth are of great importance for clinical dentistry. These aspects of the tooth can be better conceptualized from the perspective of external and internal morphology of dental crowns and roots.

The aim of this study was to determine the average total length of the upper first and second premolars, the average length of crowns, the average length of roots and to determine the most common number of the roots and root canals of these teeth.

We used 41 first and 48 second extracted upper premolars.The length of these teeth was measured by a digital micrometer. The number of roots was determined visually, and each tooth was longitudinally dissected across the vestibular-palatal plane for determining the number of root canals.

The average total length of the upper first premolars was 22.5 mm, the average crown length was 8.8 mm, the mean root length was 13.7 mm. The upper first premolars usually have two roots in 53.7% and two root canals in 82.9%. The average total length of the upper second premolars was 22.5 mm. The average crown length was 8.4 mm and the mean root length was 14.1 mm. The upper second premolars usually have one root in 89.6% and one root canal in 79.2%.

The determined average values of the length of these teeth and the length of their crowns and roots were similar to the values of the same population reported by other authors.
How Likely Is It for a Nurse Student to Become a Competent Nurse? A Protocol for Scale Development and Validation Using a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Heydari Abbas , Kareshki Hossein , Armat Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2016

The aim of the paper was to develop and validate a scale for estimating the likelihood of a nurse student to become a competent nurse.

Admitting students to nursing schools without assessing their personal characteristics has led to serious consequences, including low quality of nursing care. Early detection of students who are at risk of attrition or becoming non-competent nurses can save the time, money, and energy devoted to educating and training the future nurses.

A mixed methods design will be employed. Using literature review and interviews with nurse students, clinical nurses, nurse experts, and nurse managers during the first qualitative phase, we will build a comprehensive item pool that has a focus on nurse students’ personal characteristics. To increase the trustworthiness of interview findings, we will distinguish competent versus incompetent nurses by measuring their competence levels. In the second quantitative phase, the Nurse Competence Predicting Scale will be developed and tested for psychometric properties.

We believe that Nurse Competence Predicting Scale may help in early identification of nurse students who are at risk of not acquiring expected nurse competencies on graduation or joining the workforce. In such cases, educational managers may take timely remedial interventions.
Effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of inulinase from strain Bacillus sp. SG113
Authors: Gavrailov Simeon , Ivanova Viara
Published: March 2016

The effects of the carbon and nitrogen substrates on the growth of Bacillus sp. SG113 strain were studied. The use of organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, casein) leads to rapid cellular growth and the best results for the Bacillus strain were obtained with casein hydrolysate. From the inorganic nitrogen sources studied, the (NH4) 2SO4 proved to be the best nitrogen source. Casein hydrolysate and (NH4) 2SO4 stimulated the invertase synthesis. In the presence of Jerusalem artichoke, onion and garlic extracts as carbon sources the strain synthesized from 6 to 10 times more inulinase.
Incident reporting to BfArM – regulatory framework, results and challenges
Authors: Seidel Robin , Stößlein Ekkehard , Lauer Wolfgang
Published: March 2016

Medical devices are manifold and one of the most innovative fields of technology. As technologies advance, former limits cease to exist and complex devices become reality. Medical devices represent a very dynamic field with high economic relevance. The manufacturer of a medical device is obliged to minimize product-related risks as well as to demonstrate compliance with the so-called “essential requirements” regarding safety and performance before placing the device on the market. Any critical incident in relation to the application of a medical device has to be reported to the competent authority for risk assessment, which in Germany is either the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) or the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI) depending on the type of device. In this article, the German regulatory framework for medical devices and the resulting tasks for BfArM are described as well as the topics of its recently installed research and development group on prospective risk identification and application safety for medical devices. Results of failure mode and root cause analyses of incident data are presented as well as further data on cases with the result “root-cause analysis not possible”. Finally an outlook is given on future challenges regarding risk assessment for medical devices.
Sequential separation of twin pregnancy electrocardiograms
Authors: Kotas M. , Leski J.M. , Wrobel J.
Published: March 2016

We propose to tackle the problem of maternal abdominal electric signals decomposition with a combined application of independent component analysis and projective or adaptive filtering. The developed method is employed to process the four-channel abdominal signals recorded during twin pregnancy. These signals are complicated mixtures of the maternal ECG, the ECGs of the fetal twins and noise of various origin. Although the independent component analysis cannot separate the respective signals, the proposed combination of the methods deals with this task successfully. A simulation experiment confirms high efficiency of this approach.
The effect of rotation on the onset of electrohydrodynamic instability of an elastico-viscous dielectric fluid layer
Authors: Rana G.C. , Chand R. , Sharma V.
Published: March 2016

In this paper the combined effect of uniform rotation and AC electric field on the onset of instability in a horizontal layer of an elastico-viscous fluid stimulated by the dielectrophoretic force due to the variation of dielectric constant with temperature is studied. Walters’ (model B’) fluid model is used to describe rheological behaviour of an elastico-viscous fluid. The onset criterions for stationary and oscillatory convection are derived for the case of free-free boundaries. It is observed that Walters’ (model B’) fluid behaves like an ordinary Newtonian fluid and rotation has stabilizing influence whereas AC electric field has destabilizing influence on the stability of the system. The necessary condition for the occurrence of oscillatory convection is also obtained. The present results are in good agreement with the earlier published results.
A switched reluctance motor control method limiting the maximum dc source current in the low-speed range
Authors: Bogusz P.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a proposal of a new control method of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) in the low-speed range. The proposed method limits the maximum value of SRM drive supply current. The application of this method results also in improvement of the drive efficiency compared to the classical current control method, so it can be applied to control switched reluctance motors designed to the electric vehicles drive. The method may be effective especially in congested traffic. Nowadays, the urban traffic is characterized by frequent occurrence of traffic jams in which cars move at low speeds. The sources of supply for electric vehicles are mainly electrochemical batteries. Reduction of the maximum value of supply current allows to extend the service life of batteries and improvement of the drive efficiency extends the vehicle range.
Approximate mechanical behavior analysis of a thick-wall metallic liner reinforced with composites, submitted to internal pressure
Authors: Vargas-Rojas E. , Palacios-Montúfar C. , Hernández-Moreno H. , González-Velázquez J.L.
Published: March 2016

This study aims to simulate and to analyze the elastic and the damage behavior of a reinforced metallic liner (RML) by means of a computational tool, in order to aid in the design of high specific-stiffness and -strength barrels for heavy-duty hydraulic applications. Case studies for the program validation are undertaken using an AISI 1026 or St52.3 steel tubing reinforced with a polymeric composite of glass fiber and epoxy resin, wound in a hoop pattern. The mechanical behavior of the RML under internal pressure with no-end effects is predicted by means of strain measurements at the outermost layer. The mathematical model is based on the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) improved with kinematic relationships that allow to introduce curvature effects. Numerical results based on experimental measurements show that the reinforcement is effective, allowing to considerably augment the maximum bearable pressure with respect to a non-reinforced metallic liner (nRML), without important weight or cost increase.
Verification of the harmonization of human epididymis protein 4 assays
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Borille Simona , Carnevale Assunta , Frusciante Erika , Bassani Niccolò , Panteghini Mauro
Published: March 2016

Background:

Serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has gained relevance as an ovarian cancer (OC) biomarker and new automated methods have replaced the first released manual EIA by tracing results to it. We verified agreement and bias of automated methods vs. EIA as well as possible effects on patients’ management.

Methods:

One hundred and fifteen serum samples were measured by Abbott Architect i2000, Fujirebio Lumipulse G1200, Roche Modular E170, and Fujirebio EIA. Passing-Bablok regression was used to compare automated assays to EIA and agreement between methods was estimated by Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The bias vs. EIA was estimated and compared to specifications derived from HE4 biological variation.

Results:

Median (25th–75th percentiles) HE4 concentrations (pmol/L) were 84.5 (60.1–148.8) for EIA, 82.7 (50.3–153.9) for Abbott, 89.1 (55.2–154.9) for Roche, and 112.2 (67.8–194.2) for Fujirebio. Estimated regressions and agreements (95% confidence interval) were: Abbott=1.01(0.98–1.03) EIA–4.8(–7.5/–2.6), CCC=0.99(0.99–1.00); Roche=0.91(0.89–0.93) EIA+5.7(4.2/8.0), CCC=0.98(0.98–0.99); Fujirebio=1.20(1.17–1.24) EIA+ 2.4(–0.6/4.9), CCC=0.97(0.96–0.98). The average bias vs. EIA resulted within the desirable goal for Abbott [–3.3% (–6.1/–0.5)] and Roche [–0.2% (–3.0/2.5)]. However, while for Abbott the bias was constant and acceptable along the measurement concentration range, Roche bias increased up to –28% for HE4 values >250 pmol/L. Lumipulse showed a markedly positive bias [25.3% (21.8/28.8)].

Conclusions:

Abbott and Roche assays exhibited a good comparability in the range of HE4 values around the previously recommended 140 pmol/L cut-off. For patient monitoring, however, the assay used for determining serial HE4 must not be changed as results from different systems in lower and higher concentration ranges can markedly differ.
Distribution of antiphospholipid antibodies in a large population-based German cohort
Authors: Manukyan Davit , Rossmann Heidi , Schulz Andreas , Zeller Tanja , Pfeiffer Norbert , Binder Harald , Münzel Thomas , Beutel Manfred E. , Müller-Calleja Nadine , Wild Philipp S. , Lackner Karl J.
Published: March 2016

Background:

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the most common acquired thrombophilia. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) above the 99th percentile of a reference group. Data on the distribution of aPL in the population are limited. The distribution of aPL including diagnostic cutoffs should be determined in a population-based cohort.

Methods:

The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based cohort aged 35–74 years. We determined the presence of antibodies against cardiolipin (aCL, IgG, and IgM), β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI, IgG, and IgM), and domain 1 of β2-glycoprotein I (anti-domain 1, IgG) in a sample of 4979 participants.

Results:

aPL titers were similar in the whole sample and in an apparently healthy subgroup of 1049 individuals. There was a strong age-dependent increase of both aCL and anti-β2GPI IgM, while aPL IgG titers were stable or tended to decrease with age. A relevant decrease was observed for aCL IgG in women and anti-domain 1 IgG in both sexes. There was no association of aPL titers with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Conclusions:

Our data show that for IgM aPL, age-dependent reference ranges should be used. In fact, the controversy regarding the clinical utility of IgM aPL might be related to the use of inappropriate reference ranges among other causes. In our population, aPLs were not associated with a history of VTE.
De la linéarité énumérative à la configuration descriptive : le discours littéraire des crivains roumains d’expression française
Authors: Condei Cecilia
Published: March 2016

The present study bases on the problem of the description, the type of text whose heterogeneousness is unanimously recognized, to observe the functioning of the enumeration under its base forms (list and inventory) in touch with the description cleanly said. Two perspectives guide us: discursive and textual, their necessity is imposed by the consideration of the speech and the text as inseparable and by the constitution of the corpus of study: the romantic literary speech of the Rumanian writers of French expression. Our way confirms two operating criteria in the classification of the forms of the enumeration and insists on the discursive aspects associated to the expressions of the point of view and to the discursive changes required by sequences - photographic images.
Aesthetic medicine tourism – nature and scope of the services
Authors: Panfiluk Eugenia
Published: March 2016

The article discusses the issues of development of aesthetic medicine tourism. Its aim is to identify the essence and scope of services related to aesthetic medicine tourism and its location within the health tourism. The article is based on the theoretical study of literature from the field of health tourism and aesthetic medicine as well as empirical research results. The article discusses the issues of conditions of social changes that contribute to the creation of new trends in the tourism market. Further, it characterises aesthetic medicine. The article presents the results of empirical research indicating the need to expand the segment of health tourism to include aesthetic medicine tourism. Then the differentiators of aesthetic medicine tourism were identified, which may qualify it as a separate segment of health tourism. The theoretical added value of the article is the indication of the development of a new trend in health tourism and the identification of traits that allow the isolation of a new trend - aesthetic medicine tourism.