bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Increased Vegetation on Dust in Ghudhai
Authors: Al-Dousari Noor , Elrawy Mohamed , Ahmed Modi , Sara William Teena
Published: October 2024

The most dominant wind in Kuwait is the north western wind. Ghudhai is an undulating area costal sabkha with smooth sand sheet. The area was fenced in 2019 and monitored for 44 months from September 2019 till April 2023. NDVI index was achieved showing significant enhanced vegetation cover in 2023 due to increased rain precipitation to 143 mm. Dust collectors were placed in the area to roughly estimate and demonstrate the settlement of dust over the area. A total of eight dust collectors were placed upwind and down wind. The most dominant plants in the area is Zygophyllum sp., Nitraria retusa and Lycium shawii. Because of active wind and the presence of native plants, Ghudhai is considered a dominated area of nabkha formation. The size and dimension of nabkhas were calculated for 60 nabkhas. and data showed that single nabkhas were capable to trap 2.55 m3, compound nabkha can trap 3.86 m3 and complex nabkha formed by more than 3 plants can trap 6.68 m3. Due to effect of increased vegetation cover after fencing the area and native plant capabilities of capturing sediments of sand and dust that has fallen, dust was reduced by 38.56%.
Analysis of strategic factors towards improving the quality and quantity of stakeholders on the Bogor city creative economy forum
Authors: Yusri Doni , Mulyati Heti , Apriadi Fadli , Marcello Georgian
Published: October 2024

The establishment of the Bogor City Creative Economy Forum aims to develop an action plan for creative economy development while strengthening the network and coordination between actors from local to international levels. This research aims to provide recommendations for strategy formulation to strengthen the existence of the Forum based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. This study used a triangulation method approach, namely indepth interviews, field observations, and focus group discussions to collect data and information. Data were processed and analysed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were five indicators in each of these factors which were then grouped into two categories, namely internal and external strategic factors. Strength factors are the potential of business actors, location, infrastructure, regulations, and networks. Weakness factors are awareness, coordination, quality of human resources, information technology support, and investment. Opportunity factors are the following markets, entrepreneurial spirit of MSMEs, government support, location The City, and advances in information technology. Threat factors are product choice, products outside Bogor City, consumer perceptions, formal institutions, and government programmes. The construction of the assessment on the weight, rating, and score on each indicator on the four factors is based on the opinion of deliberately selected experts.
Potential and strategy for tourism development of Panjang and Lima islands in Banten bay
Authors: Darmawan Rizky , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Yulianto Gatot , Wildan Dudi Muhammad , Ervinia Ayu
Published: October 2024

Panjang and Lima Islands are island tourism areas with coastal and marine resources. Tourism resources should be well developed because they are a community income source. This study aims to analyze and map the island’s resource potential and design alternative development strategies in Banten Bay. The research was conducted from October to December 2022. Data collection was carried out using field observations and interviews with questionnaires. Data analysis includes regional carrying capacity (CC), Willingness to pay (WTP), Travel Cost Method (TCM), and SWOT analysis. The results showed that CC of Panjang and Lima Islands obtained 283 people/day and 116 people/day, respectively. The average WTP of Panjang and Lima Island is Rp. 5,000, and Rp. 5,277.78, respectively. The average TCM tourist visitor to Panjang and Lima Islands earns IDR. 110,500, and IDR. 102,987, respectively. The alternative strategy for Panjang Island is to provide diving and snorkeling services for marine tourism and underwater archeology and use the beaches around the Panjang Island as a tourist attraction. The alternative strategy for Lima Island is to utilize the ecosystem around the Lima Island to become a tourist attraction, arrange facilities, and provide photo spots around that island
The role of green human resource management in promoting sustainable tourism practices
Authors: Sitohang Ance Marintan D. , Absah Yeni , Harahap Hamdani , Sibarani Robert
Published: October 2024

The tourism industry increasingly acknowledges sustainability as crucial for long-term success and environmental stewardship. This study examines the role of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) in promoting sustainable tourism practices. Green HRM integrates environmental management into HR policies, fostering a sustainabilityoriented organizational culture. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this research evaluates the impact of Green HRM practices on sustainable tourism development. Key areas include ecofriendly recruitment, training, performance management, and employee engagement strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of these practices in enhancing organizational sustainability, reducing the carbon footprint of tourism operations, and cultivating environmental responsibility among employees. Findings indicate that Green HRM significantly contributes to sustainable tourism by encouraging responsible behavior, improving resource efficiency, and supporting community-based tourism. The research also identifies challenges and opportunities in implementing Green HRM in the tourism sector, offering practical recommendations for industry stakeholders. This study underscores the necessity for tourism organizations to adopt Green HRM as a strategic approach to achieve sustainability goals. The implications extend to policymakers, tourism managers, and HR professionals aiming to enhance their organizations’ environmental performance while promoting sustainable tourism practices.
Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of robusta coffee plant (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Farha Aulia , Fatimah Istiqomah Nur , Ade Muliasari Astri , Hidayati Rohmah Fatchur , Lili Dahliani , Merry Meliala Gloria , Aidil Azhar
Published: October 2024

In this study arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in the soil at the Bangelan Robusta coffee plantation, Malang, East Java was observed in two different locations with different plant ages, 49 and 10-year-old. The soil and root samples were collected from 0-50 cm and >100 cm from the plant base to observe the variation in the genus of AMF, the number of spores in the soil, and AMF infection in the roots of robusta coffee. A wet screening method was applied to observe the AMF spores in the soil. 250 µm, 125 µm, and 63 µm sieve meshes were used to collect the AMF spores from the 10 g soil sample. Root infection was observed using Philips and Hayman’s staining roots method. The results show that AMF has a root infection in the coffee roots of both 49-year-old and 10-year-old coffee plants. A higher spore number trend in the soil was found in the coffee farm with 49-year-old coffee plants than in the soil with 10year-old coffee plants. Higher root infection was found in the roots collected from 0-50 cm from the plant-based. Morphologically, the AMF genera found in the robusta coffee plantation were Glomus and Acaulospora, while the Acaulospora spore number was found to be higher than Glomus. The AMF infection rate in the robusta coffee roots was relatively low, ranging from 20% to 30%.
AI-driven sustainable cities: A Nordic-inspired requirement framework
Authors: Labonnote Nathalie
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the integration of AI and data technologies into sustainable urban development, emphasizing Norway's unique cultural and environmental context. It first explores how concepts like trust and sustainability inform urban planning and operations. Then, the study assesses AI's potential to enhance urban development, and, through case studies, it identifies challenges and opportunities in adopting these technologies. Finally, it proposes a Nordic requirement framework for AI and data integration, promoting sustainability aligned with Norway's values and adaptable for broader European contexts.
Analyse de la qualité de l’exportation des propriétés des matériaux et de la capacité à les consulter après conversion en IFC : une étude comparative
Authors: Nassimos Meray , De Prins Megan , Jeunejean Aurélie , Leclercq Pierre
Published: October 2024

Dans le domaine de la modélisation et de la gestion des informations du bâtiment (BIM), l’interopérabilité des logiciels est cruciale pour assurer une bonne collaboration entre partenaires de projet et un échange d’informations efficaces. Cet article présente une analyse comparative de la capacité de deux logiciels de modélisation BIM, Revit et ArchiCAD, à exporter des données de matériaux des éléments « mur » au format IFC (Industry Foundation Class), un format ouvert permettant l’interopérabilité des logiciels BIM. La méthodologie de recherche implique la création de projets identiques dans les deux logiciels, définissant les noms des objets modélisés, les noms de leurs matériaux et leurs propriétés personnalisées et natives, ainsi que l’épaisseur de chaque couche de matériau. Les géométries et les informations associées sont exportées selon les normes IFC4 et IFC 2×3, avec des exportations itératives impliquant des variations de paramètres. BIMData et IfcConvert sont étudiés afin de mesurer la fiabilité de ces outils pour la lecture d’un IFC exporté à partir du Revit ou d’ArchiCAD. Cette recherche apporte des conclusions précieuses sur la possibilité d’exporter vers l’IFC les caractéristiques des matériaux à partir d’un projet BIM. Cette recherche aide les professionnels à comprendre chaque paramètre de configuration d’export IFC ainsi que la capacité de consulter ces informations à travers BIMData et IfcConvert.
NS-„Euthanasie“ – Geschichte und Erinnerungsarbeit
Authors: Ude-Koeller Susanne , Freund Sabrina , Voggenreiter Marion , Rettig Dorothea , Winkler Jürgen , Leven Karl-Heinz
Published: October 2024

Während der „Aktion T4“ (Erste Phase des NS-Krankenmordes an Patienten psychiatrischer Heil- und Pflegeanstalten) wurden aus der Erlanger Heil- und Pflegeanstalt (HPA) 905 Patienten in Tötungsanstalten abtransportiert und dort ermordet. In der Anstalt selbst starben 1939–1945 sehr wahrscheinlich mindestens 700 behinderte und psychisch kranke Menschen, darunter auch Kinder und Jugendliche, an systematischer Mangelversorgung („Hungerkost“) und viele weitere an durch Unterversorgung und Vernachlässigung hervorgerufenen Mangelerkrankungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse des gemeinsam vom Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg und dem Stadtarchiv Erlangen durchgeführten Projektes „NS-Euthanasie in Franken“ 1. In einem ersten Abschnitt werden die Ereignisse der „Aktion T4“ und des „Hungersterbens“ beschrieben. Sodann geht es um die 1945 beginnende, in verschiedenen Phasen verlaufende regionale „Aufarbeitung“ der historischen Ereignisse und deren Kontext. Ausblickend werden schließlich Konzepte und Zielsetzungen des in Erlangen aktuell geplanten Erinnerungs- und Zukunftsortes vorgestellt. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, dass die „Aufarbeitung“ der nationalsozialistischen Patientenmorde für Erlangen Besonderheiten aufweist, da der Bezug von Stadt, Universitätsklinikum und Universität Erlangen zur HPA räumlich und strukturell sehr eng war.

Als Quellen für den Beitrag dienten die umfangreichen Bestände an Krankenakten der HPA Erlangen und eine Vielzahl korrespondierender Akten unterschiedlichster Provenienz. Der Artikel betont den hohen Stellenwert wissenschaftlicher Forschung für die Erinnerungskultur(en).
5-Jahres-Daten des interdisziplinären Riesenzellarteriitis-Registers des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg: Stellenwert der Temporalisbiopsie
Authors: Winter Carla , Theuersbacher Johanna , Guggenberger Konstanze , Fröhlich Matthias , Schmalzing Marc , Bley Thorsten , Hillenkamp Jost
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Die Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) erfordert unverzügliche Diagnostik und Therapie. Am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg wurde zur Optimierung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit das Zentrum für Riesenzellarteriitis (ZeRi) gegründet.

Ziel der Arbeit Retrospektive Auswertung der 5-Jahres-Daten zur Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der einzelnen angewendeten diagnostischen Methoden, insbesondere der Temporalisbiopsie.

Patienten und Methoden Retrospektive Auswertung von 101 Patienten, die zwischen 2017 und 2022 mit Verdacht auf RZA interdisziplinär untersucht wurden und eine Biopsie der A. temporalis erhielten. Spezifität und Sensitivität von klinischer Symptomatik, BSG, CRP, MRT-Diagnostik, Sonografie und Biopsie der A. temporalis wurden analysiert.

Ergebnisse Bei 75 von 101 Patienten mit Verdacht auf RZA wurde mithilfe o. g. Diagnostik die Diagnose RZA gestellt. Die Biopsie hatte definitionsbedingt einen positiv prädiktiven Wert von 100% bei einer Spezifität von 84,6%, der negativ prädiktive Wert betrug 51,2%. Die Sonografie der A. temporalis und die MRT hatten einen positiven prädiktiven Wert von über 93% bei einer Sensitivität von 62,5% bzw. 76,1%. Die höchste Sensitivität hatte die klinische Symptomatik mit 92% bei einer Spezifität von 57,7%. Die BSG und das CRP waren bei den RZA-Patienten signifikant höher als bei den Patienten ohne RZA, wobei die Vorhersagekraft der CRP-Werte höher war als die der BSG.

Diskussion Mit einer gezielten Anamnese sowie der Bestimmung von BSG und CRP können die meisten Fälle von RZA detektiert werden. Die Sonografie und MRT der Kopfschwarte können RZA-Verdachtsfälle i. d. R. bestätigen, sodass eine Biopsie der A. temporalis nur noch in Ausnahmefällen erforderlich ist.
Multifocal Optics for Myopia Control
Authors: Schmucker Christine , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander
Published: October 2024

The rising prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents necessitates effective interventions to mitigate long-term risks, such as retinal detachment and macular degeneration. Traditional approaches like undercorrection with single-vision lenses have proven ineffective. Recent research underscores the significance of peripheral vision in managing myopia progression. While hyperopic defocus in the peripheral retina may encourage axial elongation, multifocal lenses designed to induce peripheral myopic defocus can potentially curb this elongation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that spectacle lenses with peripheral modifications, such as highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) or defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS), reduce myopia progression and axial elongation over 2 years. Similarly, multifocal contact lenses, especially those with high-add power (+ 2.50 D), have shown comparable reductions over 3 years. Safety is a critical consideration in
myopia control. Multifocal spectacle lenses with peripheral plus designs are generally well tolerated, with only transient side effects, like dizziness and blurred vision. Soft multifocal contact lenses also exhibit a favorable safety profile, with low rates of serious adverse events. Thorough monitoring and reporting in these studies are essential to provide assurance about the safety of these interventions for children. Future research should aim to include more diverse populations in order to ensure the generalizability of findings across various demographic groups. Additionally, real-world data would offer valuable insights into the performance of these treatments in everyday scenarios. Observational studies, less influenced by industry sponsorship, could further validate these findings. Lastly, the clinical significance of the observed effects should be critically assessed to confirm that the reported benefits lead to meaningful reductions in myopia progression.
The Ongoing U.S. Struggle with Maternal Mortality
Authors: O'Brien James A. , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Main Elliot K. , Adashi Eli Y.
Published: October 2024

Despite significant efforts over the past two decades, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in the United States remains at least double that of most other high-income countries (HICs). In addition, substantial racial disparities exist with MMRs among Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women two to three times higher than White, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander counterparts. Of the three surveillance systems currently in place, Maternal Mortality Review Committees (MMRCs) are widely considered to provide the highest quality data. MMRCs in combination with Perinatal Quality Collaboratives and other successful initiatives provide the best hope of reversing these concerning trends. The state of maternal health in the United States is at a critical juncture. To reach the ultimate goal of rendering the United States as one of the “safest countries in the world to give birth” will require greater coordination and consolidation of national efforts across the entire prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum continuum. The authors make suggestions to create a robust federal infrastructure to finally provide equitable high-quality maternal care and bring U.S. maternal mortality into alignment with other HICs.

Key Points
Evaluating Nutritional Selection and Outcomes in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Gallegos Juan A. , Serke Laura , Feygin Yana , Jawad Kahir , Robinson Tonya , Telang Sucheta
Published: October 2024

Objective The rising incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has amplified the importance of nonpharmacological interventions in its management, which include the selection of feedings. With the goal of obtaining an accurate assessment of the effects of current feeding practices in NAS infants in our neonatal intensive care unit, we conducted a retrospective review of NAS infants at our hospital over a 3-year period to determine their nutritional selections and evaluate their length of stay (LOS), length of treatment (LOT), and growth outcomes.

Study Design Retrospective chart review of term infants (≥37 weeks of gestation) with NAS. Maternal and infant demographics and characteristics were recorded. Infants were grouped based on majority (>50% of total feeding) nutritional selections and LOS, LOT, and growth parameters were evaluated. Linear regression was used to compare group outcomes. Significance was set at a p-value <0.05.

Results A total of 70 infants were included and grouped based on majority feeds into maternal breast milk (MBM), standard term formula (STF), low lactose formula (LLF), and extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) groups. Feeding selections were provider-dependent and infants were placed on MBM or STF as an initial selection. In all infants included in our review, LLF was selected as the first choice following MBM or STF for increased gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance-related Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring scores and changed to EHF if LLF failed to improve the GI-related symptoms. The STF-fed infants had the shortest LOS, and none of these infants required pharmacological treatment. The LOT and LOS were similar in the MBM- and LLF-fed groups. Infants who were EHF fed had the longest LOT and LOS. All feeding groups demonstrated appropriate growth.

Conclusion Nutritional selections in our NAS infants were modified for the severity of their withdrawal symptoms. All nutritional modifications driven by severity of withdrawal symptoms supported favorable growth outcomes in the infants.

Key Points
ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations, Part IV: Organization of Care and Communication between Providers
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Irvine Willemijn , Aminoff Dalia , de Blaauw Ivo , Cascio Salvatore , Cretolle Célia , Iacobelli Barbara Daniela , Lacher Martin , Mantzios Konstantinos , Midrio Paola , Miserez Marc , Sarnacki Sabine , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Sloots Cornelius , Stenström Pernilla , Schwarzer Nicole , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik
Published: October 2024

Introduction Being born with an anorectal malformation (ARM) can have profound and lifelong implications for patients and parents. Organization of care and communication between health care providers is an overlooked area of patient care. The European Reference Network eUROGEN for rare and complex urogenital conditions assembled a panel of experts to address these challenges and develop comprehensive guidelines for the management of ARM.

Methods The Dutch Quality Standard for ARM served as the basis for the development of guidelines. Literature was searched in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. The ADAPTE method was utilized to incorporate the newest available evidence. A panel of 15 experts from seven European countries assessed currency, acceptability, and applicability of recommendations. Recommendations from the Dutch Quality Standard were adapted, adopted, or rejected and recommendations were formed considering all available evidence, expert consensus, and the European context.

Results Aspects pertaining to organization of care, patient/parent/health care provider communication, and referral and collaboration between providers caring for ARM patients were assessed. Two new studies were identified. In total, the panel adapted 12 recommendations, adopted 7, and developed 2 de novo. The overall level of newly found evidence was considered low and most recommendations were based on expert opinion.

Conclusion Collaborative care and organization of care are gaining importance in the field of ARM. This guideline gives practical guidance on how to achieve better communication and collaboration between all involved parties, applicable at the European level.
Prevalence of Varicose Veins among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Naik Chetan , Monteiro Priya Jyothi
Published: October 2024

Introduction Millions of individuals worldwide spend significant portions of their workdays standing or in static positions, which can pose health risks such as varicose veins. Globally, varicose vein prevalence ranges from 20 to 60%, with women being at two to three times higher risk compared to men. Varicose veins are characterized by dilated, palpable veins with a diameter larger than 3 mm. Nurses face a 16% risk of developing varicose veins, highlighting the importance of health care professionals' well-being for the effective functioning of the health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to provide insights into the prevalence of varicose vein symptoms among nurses.

Methods A descriptive prospective study was conducted among 210 nurses with more than 1 year of experience, using purposive sampling. Demographic information and varicose vein symptoms were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis.

Results The study found that 8.6% of nurses were diagnosed with varicose veins. The majority of participants were female (97.6%) with a normal body mass index (86.7%). Prevalent symptoms included worsened leg pain (77.6%), night cramps (62.4%), and throbbing in lower legs (37.6%). Visible spider veins (19.5%) and other symptoms were reported less frequently.

Conclusion A lower prevalence of varicose veins among nurses was identified, possibly due to demographic factors of the study population. It is recommended to conduct health education campaigns tailored for health care professionals, particularly nurses, and implement regular health checkups to screen for varicose veins. These proactive measures are essential for promoting occupational health and ensuring the well-being of the nursing workforce.
Splenic Trauma: Concepts and Technique for Interventional Management
Authors: Dev Rahul , Uniyal Madhur , Prajapati Tripti , Sharma Pankaj , Chauhan Udit
Published: October 2024

The spleen is the most commonly involved organ in abdominal trauma, especially in blunt mode of injury. High vascularity and a thin capsule predispose to rapid and fatal bleeding, which could be acute as well as delayed at onset. FAST is usually the first line of investigation required to see for fluid and screen patients suffering abdominal trauma. Triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen further aids in diagnosing and grading splenic trauma as per the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) guidelines. Hemodynamic stability and AAST grade are the main guiding parameters for management. Treatment options include surgical and nonsurgical (endovascular intervention) management. The recent concept of endovascular resuscitation and trauma management, which dwells on creating a hybrid suite, is coming up fast and will play a pivotal role in offering splenic preserving management in trauma cases. In this review article, authors have bought insights about managing splenic trauma as a multidisciplinary concept to achieve splenic preservation and maintain this vital organ's immunological functions.
Simulated and experimental study of the chip deformation mechanisms of monocrystalline Cu
Authors: Liu Bing , Jiang Kai , Chen Yuxiang , Yang Haijie , Wang Yurong , Sun Keyu , Li Haiyang
Published: October 2024

Monocrystalline Cu exhibits excellent electrical and signal-transmission properties due to its absence of grain boundaries, making it a critical material for the production of micro-machinery and micro-components; however, achieving ultrahigh precision and ultralow damage machining of functional devices using traditional techniques such as grinding and polishing is extremely challenging. Consequently, nanocutting has emerged as an efficient means to fabricate monocrystalline materials with complex surface characteristics and high surface integrity. Nevertheless, the macroscopic cutting theory of metal materials cannot be applied to nanocutting. Accordingly, in this paper, both simulations and experiments were conducted to examine the chip deformation mechanisms of monocrystalline Cu. First, large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior during nanocutting. This included examining the influencing factors and the variation patterns of the chip deformation coefficient, cutting force, and minimum cutting thickness. Subsequently, nanocutting experiments were performed using a specially designed nanocutting platform with high-resolution online observation by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results served to verify the accuracy and reliability of the MD modeling, as they exhibited excellent consistency with the simulated results. Although this work considered monocrystalline Cu, it is believed that the elucidated chip deformation mechanisms could also be applied to other face-centered-cubic metals. These results are of great value for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of ultraprecision cutting.
Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)
Authors: Moriarty Patrick , Bodini Nicola , Letizia Stefano , Abraham Aliza , Ashley Tyler , Bärfuss Konrad B. , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Brewer Alan , Brugger Peter , Feuerle Thomas , Frère Ariane , Goldberger Lexie , Gottschall Julia , Hamilton Nicholas , Herges Thomas , Hirth Brian , Hung Lin-Ya (Lilian) , Iungo Giacomo Valerio , Ivanov Hristo , Kaul Colleen , Kern Stefan , Klein Petra , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Lampert Astrid , Lundquist Julie K. , Morris Victor R. , Newsom Rob , Pekour Mikhail , Pichugina Yelena , Porté-Angel Fernando , Pryor Sara C. , Scholbrock Andrew , Schroeder John , Shartzer Samuel , Simley Eric , Vöhringer Lilén , Wharton Sonia , Zalkind Daniel
Published: October 2024

The American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) is a multi-institutional field campaign focused on gathering critical observations of wind farm–atmosphere interactions. These interactions are responsible for a large portion of the uncertainty in wind plant modeling tools that are used to represent wind plant performance both prior to construction and during operation and can negatively impact wind energy profitability. The AWAKEN field campaign will provide data for validation, ultimately improving modeling and lowering these uncertainties. The field campaign is designed to address seven testable hypotheses through the analysis of the observations collected by numerous instruments at 13 ground-based locations and on five wind turbines. The location of the field campaign in Northern Oklahoma was chosen to leverage existing observational facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program in close proximity to five operating wind plants. The vast majority of the observations from the experiment are publicly available to researchers and industry members worldwide, which the authors hope will advance the state of the science for wind plants and lead to lower cost and increased reliability of wind energy systems.
Energy release in electrical wire explosions coupled with energetic materials
Authors: Wang Hangyu , Wei Ding , Gan Yundan , Jiao Wenjun , Lin Qindong , Yang Ying , Ou Yinzhe , Wang Cheng , Zhang Guodong
Published: October 2024

To exceed the power density limit of conventional CHON energetic materials (carbon, hydroxide, and nitrogen based energetic materials), we utilize electrical wire explosions, which generate plasma that drives energetic materials and produces coupling effects. An electrochemically coupled experimental setup and a measurement diagnosis system are used to investigate the energy release characteristics of the explosion of an electrical wire coupled with energetic materials. At ordinary temperature and atmospheric pressure in an air environment, the electrical explosion of an aluminum wire coupled with HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) can be divided into four distinct stages: phase transition, current pause, plasma discharge, and loop oscillation discharge. The plasma discharge phase generates over 63% of the deposition energy. Images captured by a framing camera indicate that the expansion velocity of the energetic materials is significantly smaller than the expansion velocity of the metal wire at 3.92 μs. At 5.92 μs, the energetic materials in the metal plasma expand under the action of detonation, and their expansion velocity rapidly exceeds that of the metal wire. At 10.92 μs, coupling of the electrical explosion and chemical explosion energies is achieved. When the charging voltage is increased by 5 kV, the current pause time is reduced by 37.2%, and the expansion process of the electrochemically coupled explosion products is faster, effectively improving the deposition energy velocity. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the energy release efficiency of high-energy materials.
Periodic forces combined with feedback induce quenching in a bistable oscillator
Authors: Kato Yusuke , Kori Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

The coexistence of an abnormal rhythm and a normal steady state is often observed in nature (e.g., epilepsy). Such a system is modeled as a bistable oscillator that possesses both a limit cycle and a fixed point. Although bistable oscillators under several perturbations have been addressed in the literature, the mechanism of oscillation quenching, a transition from a limit cycle to a fixed point, has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyze quenching using the extended Stuart–Landau oscillator driven by periodic forces. Numerical simulations suggest that the entrainment to the periodic force induces the amplitude change of a limit cycle. By reducing the system with an averaging method, we investigate the bifurcation structures of the periodically driven oscillator. We find that oscillation quenching occurs by the homoclinic bifurcation when we use a periodic force combined with quadratic feedback. In conclusion, we develop a state-transition method in a bistable oscillator using periodic forces, which would have the potential for practical applications in controlling and annihilating abnormal oscillations. Moreover, we clarify the rich and diverse bifurcation structures behind periodically driven bistable oscillators, which we believe would contribute to further understanding the complex behaviors in non-autonomous systems.
Vector angular spectrum model for light traveling in scattering media
Authors: Liu Kaige , Zhang Hengkang , Liu Zeqi , Zhang Bin , Fu Xing , Yuan Qiang , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Strongly scattering media disrupt both the wavefront distribution and the polarization state of the incident light field. Controlling and effectively utilizing depolarization effects are crucial for optical applications in highly scattering environments, such as imaging through dense fog. However, current simulation models have difficulty simulating the evolution of vector light fields within scattering media, posing challenges for studying vector light fields in strongly scattering environments. Here, we propose the Vector Angular Spectrum (VAS) model for simulating the propagation of vector light fields within scattering media. By introducing the angular spectrum distribution of vector light scattering and polarization conversion mechanisms, this model can simulate the depolarization effects of vector light propagating through strongly scattering media. The VAS model has also been used to investigate the focusing of vector scattered light through scattering media. Furthermore, the simulation results of the model have been validated through experiments. The proposed VAS model is expected to play a role in the theoretical research of vector scattered light and optical applications in strongly scattering environments.
The Arrhenius law prefactor in permalloy mesoscale systems
Authors: Delles J. T. , Dan Dahlberg E.
Published: October 2024

The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the dynamics of two-state switching in mesoscale, ferromagnetic particles. Using square permalloy dots as an idealized two-state switching system, measurements of the prefactor of the Arrhenius law changed by 26 decades over barrier heights from 30 to 700 meV. Measurements of the prefactor ratios for a two well system revealed significant deviations from the common interpretation of the Arrhenius law. The anomalous Arrhenius prefactors and the prefactor ratios can be fitted to a modified model that includes entropic contributions to two-state transitions. Similar considerations are likely for the application of the Arrhenius law to other mesoscale systems.
A review of structural diversity design and optimization for lattice metamaterials
Authors: Askari Aghil , Jamalzadeh Mansoureh
Published: October 2024

Metamaterials are a type of groundbreaking engineered materials with unique properties not found in natural substances. Lattice metamaterials, which have a periodic lattice cell structure, possess exceptional attributes such as a negative Poisson’s ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratios, and outstanding energy dissipation capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive examination of lattice metamaterials. It covers their various structures and fabrication methods. The review emphasizes the crucial role of homogenization methods and multi-scale modeling in assessing metamaterial properties. It also highlights the advancement of topology optimization through advanced computational techniques, such as finite element analysis simulations and machine learning algorithms.
Application of a novel stall margin improvement indicator in optimizing casing treatment for a transonic compressor
Authors: Ba Dun , Fan Zhong-gang , Du Juan , Zhang Min , Xu Xiao-bin
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a multi-objective design optimization of axial slot casing treatments in a 1.5 stage transonic compressor. To perform the optimization, an in-house optimization design platform is constructed using genetic algorithm and Kriging surrogate model. The optimization objectives are the peak efficiency at the design rotating speed and the stall margin improvements at both design and off-design rotating speeds. Instead of massive unsteady simulations that are required to accurately predict the stall margin, a stall margin improvement indicator is introduced based on the time-averaged axial momentum budget analysis at the rotor tip region. With this indicator, only one steady simulation is needed to evaluate the stall margin enhancement ability of a new casing treatment design at a given rotating speed. The axial slots are parameterized with a total of eight design parameters. The meridional profiles are described with two B-spline curves to define parameters such as the size, axial position, and shape of the slots. Circumferential parameters include the open area ratio and inclination angle. When the optimization finally converges, different optimal variants are selected from the database and their effects are investigated with both experiments and numerical simulations. The detailed flow fields are analyzed in depth with results from unsteady simulations. The application of the optimal casing treatments exerts a suction and re-injection effect, pushes the interface between tip leakage flow and incoming main flow downstream and reduced flow blockage in the blade tip region. Consequently, the stability of the compressor is significantly improved.
Finite-size effect in Kuramoto oscillators with higher-order interactions
Authors: Suman Ayushi , Jalan Sarika
Published: October 2024

Finite-size systems of a Kuramoto model display intricate dynamics, especially in the presence of multi-stability where both coherent and incoherent states coexist. We investigate such a scenario in globally coupled populations of Kuramoto phase oscillators with higher-order interactions and observe that fluctuations inherent to finite-size systems drive the transition to the synchronized state before the critical point in the thermodynamic limit. Using numerical methods, we plot the first exit-time distribution of the magnitude of a complex order parameter and obtain numerical transition probabilities across various system sizes. Furthermore, we extend this study to a two-population oscillator system, and, using the velocity field of the associated order parameters, show the emergence of a new fixed point corresponding to a partially synchronized state arising due to the finite-size effect, which is absent in the thermodynamics limit.
A local–global principle for nonequilibrium steady states
Authors: Calvert Jacob , Randall Dana
Published: October 2024

The global steady state of a system in thermal equilibrium exponentially favors configurations with lesser energy. This principle is a powerful explanation of self-organization because energy is a local property of configurations. For nonequilibrium systems, there is no such property for which an analogous principle holds, hence no common explanation of the diverse forms of self-organization they exhibit. However, a flurry of recent empirical results has shown that a local property of configurations called “rattling” predicts the steady states of some nonequilibrium systems, leading to claims of a far-reaching principle of nonequilibrium self-organization. But for which nonequilibrium systems is rattling accurate, and why? We develop a theory of rattling in terms of Markov processes that gives simple and precise answers to these key questions. Our results show that rattling predicts a broader class of nonequilibrium steady states than has been claimed and for different reasons than have been suggested. Its predictions hold to an extent determined by the relative variance of, and correlation between, the local and global “parts” of a steady state. We show how these quantities characterize the local-global relationships of various random walks on random graphs, spin-glass dynamics, and models of animal collective behavior. Surprisingly, we find that the core idea of rattling is so general as to apply to equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems alike.
Negative existentials and presentationals in Chinese
Authors: Lena Ludovica
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the translation strategies for the negated counterparts of yǒu rén ‘there
is someone, there are people’ in a parallel corpus composed of Chinese-to-English aligned narrative texts. It specifically
explores the distinction between existentials and presentationals in negative contexts. The analysis shows that negative
existentials convey human absence in a given location, with the English translation often thematizing the location and
implicitizing the human entity to varying degrees. The study contributes to the debate on whether presentationals can be negated,
arguing that while negative presentationals do not introduce discourse referents, they express the occurrence of nonevents tied to
spatiotemporal coordinates just like events. These sentences often establish Set-Member relationships with discourse-old groups,
visible in English translations through partitive nouns (e.g., none, no one of them) or referring expressions
referencing the Set (e.g., they, everyone). In other instances, negative presentationals convey
counterexpectational meaning, indicating the non-occurrence of an expected event. In all cases, negative presentationals are thus
strongly tied to the cotext and cannot be uttered “out of the blue”
Quantum geometrical properties of topological materials
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: October 2024

The momentum space of topological insulators and topological superconductors is equipped with a quantum metric defined from the overlap of neighboring valence band states or quasihole states. We investigate the quantum geometrical properties of these materials within the framework of Dirac models and differential geometry. Their momentum space is found to be always a maximally symmetric space with a constant Ricci scalar, and the vacuum Einstein equation is satisfied in 3D with a finite cosmological constant. For linear Dirac models, several geometrical properties are found to be independent of the band gap, including a peculiar straight line geodesic, constant volume of the curved momentum space, and the exponential decay form of the nonlocal topological marker, indicating the peculiar yet universal quantum geometrical properties of these models.
Unusual spin dynamics in the van der Waals antiferromagnet FeGa2S4
Authors: Tang Yifei , Umemoto Yoshihiko , Kawamoto Yo , Kawamata Masahiro , Asai Shinichiro , Ikeda Yoichi , Fujita Masaki , Nambu Yusuke
Published: October 2024

Spin dynamics in the van der Waals antiferromagnet FeGa2S4 with triangular lattices are investigated using magnetometry, neutron scattering, and muon spin relaxation measurements. The characteristic spin relaxation time is thoroughly clarified over thirteen orders of magnitude. Although the temperature dependence of DC and AC susceptibilities recalls a conventional spin-glass transition, nonlinear susceptibilities showing no divergences at the anomalous temperature,

T

∗

=
16.87
(
7
)

 K, deny that and instead hint at other mechanisms. Elastic neutron scattering together with previously measured muon results depict a slowly fluctuated (

∼

10

−
5

 s) spin state above

T

∗

. In juxtaposing the underlying simplest structure among frustrated magnets with an intricate hierarchy of time scales, FeGa2S4 can be a playground for studying temporal spin correlations in the two-dimensional limit.
Real-time non-invasive control of ultrasound hyperthermia using high-frequency ultrasonic backscattered energy in ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal studies
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Agarwal Ayushi , Kumaradas J Carl , Kolios Michael C , Peyman Gholam , Tavakkoli Jahangir (Jahan)
Published: October 2024

Objective. A reliable, calibrated, non-invasive thermometry method is essential for thermal therapies to monitor and control the treatment. Ultrasound (US) is an effective thermometry modality due to its relatively high sensitivity to temperature changes, and fast data acquisition and processing capabilities. Approach. In this work, the change in backscattered energy (CBE) was used to control the tissue temperature non-invasively using a real-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. A clinical high-frequency US scanner was used to acquire radio-frequency echo data from ex vivo porcine tissue samples and in vivo mice hind leg tissue while the tissue was treated with mild hyperthermia by a focused US applicator. The PID controller maintained the focal temperature at approximately 40 °C for about 4 min. Main results. The results show that the US thermometry based on CBE estimated by a high-frequency US scanner can produce 2D temperature maps of a localized heating region and to estimate the focal temperature during mild hyperthermia treatments. The CBE estimated temperature varied by an average of ±0.85 °C and ±0.97 °C, compared to a calibrated thermocouple, in ex vivo and in vivo studies, respectively. The mean absolute deviations of CBE thermometry during the controlled hyperthermia treatment were ±0.45 °C and ±0.54 °C in ex vivo and in vivo, respectively. Significance. It is concluded that non-invasive US thermometry via backscattered energies at high frequencies can be used for real-time monitoring and control of hyperthermia treatments with acceptable accuracy. This provides a foundation for an US mediated drug delivery system.
Quantum algorithms for scientific computing
Authors: Au-Yeung R , Camino B , Rathore O , Kendon V
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing promises to provide the next step up in computational power for diverse application areas. In this review, we examine the science behind the quantum hype, and the breakthroughs required to achieve true quantum advantage in real world applications. Areas that are likely to have the greatest impact on high performance computing (HPC) include simulation of quantum systems, optimization, and machine learning. We draw our examples from electronic structure calculations and computational fluid dynamics which account for a large fraction of current scientific and engineering use of HPC. Potential challenges include encoding and decoding classical data for quantum devices, and mismatched clock speeds between classical and quantum processors. Even a modest quantum enhancement to current classical techniques would have far-reaching impacts in areas such as weather forecasting, aerospace engineering, and the design of ‘green’ materials for sustainable development. This requires significant effort from the computational science, engineering and quantum computing communities working together.
Bandgap estimation and broadening of piezoelectric metamaterial beams undergoing longitudinal vibration
Authors: Wang Y , Wang K F , Wang B L
Published: October 2024

In the realm of acoustic metamaterials, two crucial challenges have attracted significant interests: (1) How to predict the bandgap range fast and accurately? (2) How to achieve a broader bandgap at a relatively low cost? This paper addresses these challenges by analyzing a type of piezoelectric (PZT) metamaterial beams comprising unit cells with sub-cells undergoing longitudinal vibration. The longitudinal bandgap estimation relationship based on the effective medium theory is proposed for the first time to estimate the bandgap range of PZT metamaterial beams with unit cells containing sub-cells, and verified with the transfer matrix method. Moreover, novel methods are introduced to construct graded PZT metamaterial beams by combining different sub-cells within a single cell. The proposed graded PZT metamaterial beams occupy significantly less space than conventional graded counterparts and exhibit wider longitudinal bandgaps compared to uniform PZT metamaterial beams.