bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in Using Diagnosis Codes for Defining Age-Related Macular Degeneration Cohorts
Authors: Kalaw Fritz Gerald Paguiligan , Chen Jimmy S. , Baxter Sally L.
Published: May 2024

Data harmonization is vital for secondary electronic health record data analysis, especially when combining data from multiple sources. Currently, there is a gap in knowledge as to how studies identify cohorts of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness. We hypothesize that there is variation in using medical condition codes to define cohorts of AMD patients that can lead to either the under- or overrepresentation of such cohorts. This study identified articles studying AMD using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9, ICD-9-CM, ICD-10, and ICD-10-CM). The data elements reviewed included the year of publication; dataset origin (Veterans Affairs, registry, national or commercial claims database, and institutional EHR); total number of subjects; and ICD codes used. A total of thirty-seven articles were reviewed. Six (16%) articles used cohort definitions from two ICD terminologies. The Medicare database was the most used dataset (14, 38%), and there was a noted increase in the use of other datasets in the last few years. We identified substantial variation in the use of ICD codes for AMD. For the studies that used ICD-10 terminologies, 7 (out of 9, 78%) defined the AMD codes correctly, whereas, for the studies that used ICD-9 and 9-CM terminologies, only 2 (out of 30, 7%) defined and utilized the appropriate AMD codes (p = 0.0001). Of the 43 cohort definitions used from 37 articles, 31 (72%) had missing or incomplete AMD codes used, and only 9 (21%) used the exact codes. Additionally, 13 articles (35%) captured ICD codes that were not within the scope of AMD diagnosis. Efforts to standardize data are needed to provide a reproducible research output.
Barriers and Facilitators for Usage of Self-Compacting Concrete—An Interview Study
Authors: Mikhaltchouk Inga , Eklund Jörgen , Forsman Mikael
Published: May 2024

Workers in the construction industry must endure different weather conditions, long working hours, and engage in repetitive and strenuous jobs with unrealistic deadlines. Sick leaves, caused by accidents and by work-related diseases, are common in the construction industry. Hand–arm vibration from hand-held power tools is a cause of significant ill health (disorders of the blood vessels, nerves, and joints). Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a fluid concrete and does not need to be vibrated. Despite the health advantages of SCC, its market share in Sweden is lower than in comparable countries. The aim of this article is to describe views, opinions, and knowledge concerning the work environment and health in concrete casting and to identify barriers and facilitators of SCC usage. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 interviewees from the construction industry in Sweden. The answers were analysed from a human–technology–organisation (HTO) perspective in order to identify barriers and facilitators for a broader usage of SCC. The results indicate that knowledge about SCC is low within the Swedish construction industry, including educational institutions; when SCC is chosen, it is chosen exclusively due to its technical characteristics, and not because it eliminates vibrations. Barriers to a broader usage of SCC comprise an incomplete knowledge base, clients who never choose it, recipes that are said to be too demanding, and workplace traditions. Facilitators comprise large companies investing in knowledge development about SCC and engaged persons promoting it. This study used an HTO-based model (BTOH) to identify barriers and facilitators for a broader usage of SCC, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of reasons for the low usage of SCC and ways of increasing it.
Revolutionizing Banking: Neobanks’ Digital Transformation for Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Shanti Riris , Siregar Hermanto , Zulbainarni Nimmi , Tony
Published: May 2024

Changes in customer behaviors after the COVID-19 pandemic have encouraged the transformation of banking systems. Neobanks have emerged as an innovation and entered the banking system to compete with traditional banks by offering new customer experiences. Neobanks transform traditional banking products and services which are delivered through physical interactions into those delivered via digital channels. This paper analyzes traditional banks that have transformed into neobanks, specifically their efficiency after digital transformation. Efficiency was measured using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), as it is highly accurate in estimating efficiency scores. This study also used a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation of the Panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), as this approach is useful for analyzing the relationship between variables in panel data, to investigate digital transformation as a determinant of neobanks’ efficiency and examine the existence of short-term and long-term relationships between digital transformation and efficiency. We found that the efficiency of neobanks increases after digital transformation. Furthermore, it can be concluded that digital transformation is a determinant of efficiency and that there is long-term relationship between digital transformation and efficiency. In the short term, digital transformation has a significant negative correlation with efficiency, but in the long term, it has a significant positive relationship; this is because the cost of digital transformation initially decreases the profit efficiency, but afterwards, it increases the efficiency.
Hierarchical Symmetry-Breaking Model for Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Voulgarakis Nikolaos K.
Published: May 2024

Waddington envisioned stem cell differentiation as a marble rolling down a hill, passing through hierarchically branched valleys representing the cell’s temporal state. The terminal valleys at the bottom of the hill indicate the possible committed cells of the multicellular organism. Although originally proposed as a metaphor, Waddington’s hypothesis establishes the fundamental principles for characterizing the differentiation process as a dynamic system: the generated equilibrium points must exhibit hierarchical branching, robustness to perturbations (homeorhesis), and produce the appropriate number of cells for each cell type. This article aims to capture these characteristics using a mathematical model based on two fundamental hypotheses. First, it is assumed that the gene regulatory network consists of hierarchically coupled subnetworks of genes (modules), each modeled as a dynamical system exhibiting supercritical pitchfork or cusp bifurcation. Second, the gene modules are spatiotemporally regulated by feedback mechanisms originating from epigenetic factors. Analytical and numerical results show that the proposed model exhibits self-organized multistability with hierarchical branching. Moreover, these branches of equilibrium points are robust to perturbations, and the number of different cells produced can be determined by the system parameters.
Metric Dimension of Circulant Graphs with 5 Consecutive Generators
Authors: Knor Martin , Škrekovski Riste , Vetrík Tomáš
Published: May 2024

The problem of finding the metric dimension of circulant graphs with t generators 1,2,…,t (and their inverses) has been extensively studied. The problem is solved for t=2,3,4, and some exact values and bounds are known also for t=5. We solve all the open cases for t=5.
A Time-to-Digital Converter for Low-Power Consumption Single Slope Analog-to-Digital Converters in a High-Speed CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Li Ziyi , Gao Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

To reduce the power consumption of a TDC in high-speed applications, a TDC architecture applied to SS ADC is proposed to reduce redundant counting. This structure can remove the identical part between two rows of pixel signals in a CMOS image sensor by adjusting the start and stop signal of the TDC, which will reduce the number of flipping of D flip-flops in the TDC. This structure requires the simultaneous readout of two rows of pixels in the high-speed CMOS image sensor. In the 110 nm CMOS process, simulation results show that the designed 5-bit TDC achieves an effective number of bits (ENOB) at 4.72 bits and a figure-of-merit (FOM) at 104.7–162.3 fJ/step, with a power consumption ranging from 60 µW to 93 µW. Compared with traditional counting methods, the proposed TDC can reduce counting power consumption by 30%.
High-Precision Semiconductor Substrate Thickness Gauge Based on Spectral-Domain Interferometry
Authors: Zhong Shuncong , He Renyu , Deng Yaosen , Lin Jiewen , Zhang Qiukun
Published: May 2024

The flatness of semiconductor substrates is an important parameter for evaluating the surface quality of semiconductor substrates. However, existing technology cannot simultaneously achieve high measurement efficiency, large-range thickness measurement, and nanometer-level measurement accuracy in the thickness measurement of semiconductor substrates. To solve the problems, we propose to apply the method that combines spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with the Hanning-windowed energy centrobaric method (HnWECM) to measure the thickness of semiconductor substrates. The method can be employed in the full-chip thickness measurement of a sapphire substrate, which has a millimeter measuring range, nanometer-level precision, and a sampling rate that can reach up to 80 kHz. In this contribution, we measured the full-chip thickness map of a sapphire substrate by using this method and analyzed the machining characteristics. The measurement results of a high-precision mechanical thickness gauge, which is widely used for thickness measurement in the wafer fabrication process, were compared with the proposed method. The difference between these two methods is 0.373%, which explains the accuracy of the applied method to some extent. The results of 10 sets of repeatability experiments on 250 measurement points show that the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) at this point is 0.0061%, and the maximum fluctuation is 71.0 nm. The above experimental results prove that this method can achieve the high-precision thickness measurement of the sapphire substrate and is of great significance for improving the surface quality detection level of semiconductor substrates.
Naskh (“Abrogation”) in Muslim Anti-Jewish Polemic: The Treatise of Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadānī (1247–1318)
Authors: Langermann Y. Tzvi
Published: May 2024

A strong case can be made that the concept of naskh, “abrogation” or “annulment”, was the most potent weapon in the arsenal of Muslim polemicists seeking to convert Jews (Burton‘s Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān is highly informative but deals almost exclusively with naskh in its internal Islamic contexts, e.g., hermeneutics and legal theory). Naskh did not necessarily involve any rejection of Jewish scripture or tradition as fraudulent or corrupt. It rested on the simple premise, explicitly confirmed by the Qur’an, that the deity may alter or replace His legislation over the course of time. In the first part of this paper, I will briefly review the topic, adding some texts and observations that, to the best of my knowledge, have not appeared in the academic literature (comprehensively surveyed in Adang’s Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm, 1996; also in Adang and Schmidtke’s Polemics (Muslim-Jewish) in Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, 2010). The bulk of this paper will consist of a fairly detailed summary of an unpublished tract on naskh written by Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī (RD) (1247–1318), himself a Jewish convert to Islam and a monumental politician, cultural broker, historian, and author.
Preface to the Special Issue “Sufism in the Modern World”
Authors: Zarrabi-Zadeh Saeed
Published: May 2024

“Sufism is the major sacrifice offered by Islam on the altar of its modernization”, declares a contemporary scholar while explaining the modern challenges faced by Sufism (Weismann 2015, p [...]
There’s a Basilisk in the Bathwater: AI and the Apocalyptic Imagination
Authors: Isbrücker Avery
Published: May 2024

Deciding what to make of secular, religious, and spiritual speculations about AI and digital technologies can be overwhelming, and focusing on the extreme utopic or dystopic outcomes may be obscuring the larger facts. Is this technology a beautiful blessing or a damning curse? What can paying close attention to these technologies and the discourse surrounding them show? How founded are our anxieties? By following the apocalyptic throughline in this rhetoric across fields in recent years, this essay seeks to consider the effect of apocalyptic thought on recent developments in tech, and consider how this worldview orients our future. The deterministically utopic, dystopic, and apocalyptic rhetoric surrounding these technologies obscures their function and efficacy, giving agency to what is functionally still just a tool, the use for which depends on its designers and users.
Maternal Practice and the Chuetas of Mallorca: The Inquisitorial Trials of Pedro Onofre Cortés
Authors: Cairns Emily Colbert
Published: May 2024

In the inquisitorial archive of Pedro Onofre Cortés, alias Moixina, we see fellow practitioner protesting his son’s marriage to Clara Sureda because she was an Old Christian. The poor match was blamed on the breast milk that was ingested as an infant, “andaba con cristianos porque había mamado leche de una mujer cristiana” (he went with Christians because of the milk drunk milk from a Christian woman) (Picazo y Muntaner). In early modern Spain, breastmilk was seen as responsible for transmitting virtues and vices, religious expressions of faith and moral traits. Following Galenic medical understanding equating milk with blood, it was women who were responsible for the transmission of purity, impurity (Alexandre-Bidon 175), for contamination and difference (Martínez 47). This brief citation reflects the hybrid environment and the dual practices that deeply informed the lives of the converso Jews. Moreover, the understanding of the hereditary nature of these traits, and the traditions of Judaism and Christianity, so often mixed in unique combinations are clearly demonstrated in the Inquisition trials of Cortés and his Chueta brethren. As regulation over the mother and the female body became increasingly important in controlling Iberian subjects and its empire, conversos complicate the feminization of impurity. This article explores how the conversos known as the Chuetas of Mallorca understood their religiosity and difference as seen through the lens of hybridity, breast milk and maternal care.
The Politics of Memory: Tradition, Decolonization and Challenging Hindutva, a Reflective Essay
Authors: Sarkar Bihani
Published: May 2024

This self-reflective essay explores the wider implications of the BJP’s inauguration of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya, from the perspective of a scholar of Sanskrit and classical Indian religions. What questions does it raise about our relationship with history, heritage, decolonization and the politics of memory? How can one decolonize oneself and society by reclaiming tradition and heritage, without political agendas and misinterpretations of the past? The article argues for a critical, non-passive, creative, reclamation of tradition for the formation of a truly free decolonized political consciousness.
FusionVision: A Comprehensive Approach of 3D Object Reconstruction and Segmentation from RGB-D Cameras Using YOLO and Fast Segment Anything
Authors: El Ghazouali Safouane , Mhirit Youssef , Oukhrid Ali , Michelucci Umberto , Nouira Hichem
Published: May 2024

In the realm of computer vision, the integration of advanced techniques into the pre-processing of RGB-D camera inputs poses a significant challenge, given the inherent complexities arising from diverse environmental conditions and varying object appearances. Therefore, this paper introduces FusionVision, an exhaustive pipeline adapted for the robust 3D segmentation of objects in RGB-D imagery. Traditional computer vision systems face limitations in simultaneously capturing precise object boundaries and achieving high-precision object detection on depth maps, as they are mainly proposed for RGB cameras. To address this challenge, FusionVision adopts an integrated approach by merging state-of-the-art object detection techniques, with advanced instance segmentation methods. The integration of these components enables a holistic (unified analysis of information obtained from both color RGB and depth D channels) interpretation of RGB-D data, facilitating the extraction of comprehensive and accurate object information in order to improve post-processes such as object 6D pose estimation, Simultanious Localization and Mapping (SLAM) operations, accurate 3D dataset extraction, etc. The proposed FusionVision pipeline employs YOLO for identifying objects within the RGB image domain. Subsequently, FastSAM, an innovative semantic segmentation model, is applied to delineate object boundaries, yielding refined segmentation masks. The synergy between these components and their integration into 3D scene understanding ensures a cohesive fusion of object detection and segmentation, enhancing overall precision in 3D object segmentation.
Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Imaging of Integrated Circuits Using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer
Authors: Nakamura Nathan , Szypryt Paul , Dagel Amber L. , Alpert Bradley K. , Bennett Douglas A. , Doriese William Bertrand , Durkin Malcolm , Fowler Joseph W. , Fox Dylan T. , Gard Johnathon D. , Goodner Ryan N. , Harris James Zachariah , Hilton Gene C. , Jimenez Edward S. , Kernen Burke L. , Larson Kurt W. , Levine Zachary H. , McArthur Daniel , Morgan Kelsey M. , O’Neil Galen C. , Ortiz Nathan J. , Pappas Christine G. , Reintsema Carl D. , Schmidt Daniel R. , Schultz Peter A. , Thompson Kyle R. , Ullom Joel N. , Vale Leila , Vaughan Courtenay T. , Walker Christopher , Weber Joel C. , Wheeler Jason W. , Swetz Daniel S.
Published: May 2024

X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomography is predominantly performed at large synchrotron facilities. We present a laboratory-scale nanotomography instrument that achieves nanoscale spatial resolution while addressing the limitations of conventional tomography tools. The instrument combines the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the precise, broadband X-ray detection of a superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter. The electron beam generates a highly focused X-ray spot on a metal target held micrometers away from the sample of interest, while the TES spectrometer isolates target photons with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This combination of a focused X-ray spot, energy-resolved X-ray detection, and unique system geometry enables nanoscale, element-specific X-ray imaging in a compact footprint. The proof of concept for this approach to X-ray nanotomography is demonstrated by imaging 160 nm features in three dimensions in six layers of a Cu-SiO2 integrated circuit, and a path toward finer resolution and enhanced imaging capabilities is discussed.
YOLOv8-RMDA: Lightweight YOLOv8 Network for Early Detection of Small Target Diseases in Tea
Authors: Ye Rong , Shao Guoqi , He Yun , Gao Quan , Li Tong
Published: May 2024

In order to efficiently identify early tea diseases, an improved YOLOv8 lesion detection method is proposed to address the challenges posed by the complex background of tea diseases, difficulty in detecting small lesions, and low recognition rate of similar phenotypic symptoms. This method focuses on detecting tea leaf blight, tea white spot, tea sooty leaf disease, and tea ring spot as the research objects. This paper presents an enhancement to the YOLOv8 network framework by introducing the Receptive Field Concentration-Based Attention Module (RFCBAM) into the backbone network to replace C2f, thereby improving feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, a mixed pooling module (Mixed Pooling SPPF, MixSPPF) is proposed to enhance information blending between features at different levels. In the neck network, the RepGFPN module replaces the C2f module to further enhance feature extraction. The Dynamic Head module is embedded in the detection head part, applying multiple attention mechanisms to improve multi-scale spatial location and multi-task perception capabilities. The inner-IoU loss function is used to replace the original CIoU, improving learning ability for small lesion samples. Furthermore, the AKConv block replaces the traditional convolution Conv block to allow for the arbitrary sampling of targets of various sizes, reducing model parameters and enhancing disease detection. the experimental results using a self-built dataset demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv8-RMDA exhibits superior detection capabilities in detecting small target disease areas, achieving an average accuracy of 93.04% in identifying early tea lesions. When compared to Faster R-CNN, MobileNetV2, and SSD, the average precision rates of YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8 have shown improvements of 20.41%, 17.92%, 12.18%, 12.18%, 10.85%, 7.32%, and 5.97%, respectively. Additionally, the recall rate (R) has increased by 15.25% compared to the lowest-performing Faster R-CNN model and by 8.15% compared to the top-performing YOLOv8 model. With an FPS of 132, YOLOv8-RMDA meets the requirements for real-time detection, enabling the swift and accurate identification of early tea diseases. This advancement presents a valuable approach for enhancing the ecological tea industry in Yunnan, ensuring its healthy development.
Bat2Web: A Framework for Real-Time Classification of Bat Species Echolocation Signals Using Audio Sensor Data
Authors: Mahbub Taslim , Bhagwagar Azadan , Chand Priyanka , Zualkernan Imran , Judas Jacky , Dghaym Dana
Published: May 2024

Bats play a pivotal role in maintaining ecological balance, and studying their behaviors offers vital insights into environmental health and aids in conservation efforts. Determining the presence of various bat species in an environment is essential for many bat studies. Specialized audio sensors can be used to record bat echolocation calls that can then be used to identify bat species. However, the complexity of bat calls presents a significant challenge, necessitating expert analysis and extensive time for accurate interpretation. Recent advances in neural networks can help identify bat species automatically from their echolocation calls. Such neural networks can be integrated into a complete end-to-end system that leverages recent internet of things (IoT) technologies with long-range, low-powered communication protocols to implement automated acoustical monitoring. This paper presents the design and implementation of such a system that uses a tiny neural network for interpreting sensor data derived from bat echolocation signals. A highly compact convolutional neural network (CNN) model was developed that demonstrated excellent performance in bat species identification, achieving an F1-score of 0.9578 and an accuracy rate of 97.5%. The neural network was deployed, and its performance was evaluated on various alternative edge devices, including the NVIDIA Jetson Nano and Google Coral.
Advancements in Polymer-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring
Authors: Jin Meiqing , Shi Peizheng , Sun Zhuang , Zhao Ningbin , Shi Mingjiao , Wu Mengfan , Ye Chen , Lin Cheng-Te , Fu Li
Published: May 2024

Recent advancements in polymer-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication have revolutionized the development of wearable sensors for health monitoring. LbL self-assembly has emerged as a powerful and versatile technique for creating conformal, flexible, and multi-functional films on various substrates, making it particularly suitable for fabricating wearable sensors. The incorporation of polymers, both natural and synthetic, has played a crucial role in enhancing the performance, stability, and biocompatibility of these sensors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of LbL self-assembly, the role of polymers in sensor fabrication, and the various types of LbL-fabricated wearable sensors for physical, chemical, and biological sensing. The applications of these sensors in continuous health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and management are discussed in detail, highlighting their potential to revolutionize personalized healthcare. Despite significant progress, challenges related to long-term stability, biocompatibility, data acquisition, and large-scale manufacturing are still to be addressed, providing insights into future research directions. With continued advancements in polymer-assisted LbL fabrication and related fields, wearable sensors are poised to improve the quality of life for individuals worldwide.
Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Plasma and Red Blood Cell Omega Fatty Acids: A Useful Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Farczádi Lénárd , Dobreanu Minodora , Huțanu Adina , Imre Silvia
Published: May 2024

Background: LC-MS is an ever-increasingly used methodology for clinical applications. Due to the superior selectivity and sensitivity, in certain situations, it can offer an advantage or be the only option for diagnostics and biomonitoring applications. Methods: A high selectivity sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for direct quantification of free plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as conjugated membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids, using isocratic reverse phase elution. A quick and simple sample purification method was used in order to ensure high-throughput analysis of biological samples. The method was validated with regard to selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, carryover, and recovery, as well as other relevant parameters. Results and Conclusions: The method was developed and validated with respect to all relevant parameters and was successfully used in a number of clinical diagnostics and biomonitoring applications. The simple sample purification process allowed for an easy learning curve for analysts and other users, while ensuring a low chance of systematic or random errors and thus reliable results usable in a clinical setting.
Meeting Stakeholder Needs: Who Should Managers Pay Close Attention To? Evidence from Listed Chinese Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Oino Isaiah , Yekini Sina
Published: May 2024

Meeting the needs of stakeholders, as an element of CSR, requires a delicate balance of meeting these needs and ensuring profitability. Guided by the legitimacy theory and the stakeholder theory, this paper assesses the significance of meeting stakeholder needs and examines the types of stakeholders that managers pay close attention to. Using a fixed-effects model on 859 Chinese manufacturing firms and a regression analysis, the results show a positive link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and organisational financial performance via both accounting and market measures in the Chinese manufacturing market. Furthermore, the primary objective of companies is to maximise shareholder returns while also meeting societal needs. The results also indicate that responsibility to shareholders and employees and growth potential have significant positive impacts on a company’s market value. This research demonstrates the need for companies to engage in CSR activities, as this can establish an elevated level of financial performance. Furthermore, attention needs to be paid to other stakeholders in corporate CSR activities to engage them and sustain their commitments towards an organisation’s productivity, growth, and sustainability. This is the first study to examine the power of influence from different stakeholders using legitimacy theory. Secondly, it is the first study to evaluate this influence using the Chinese manufacturing industry, which is, arguably, one of the largest in its field.
Community-Based Intervention for Active Detection and Provision of Single-Dose Rifampicin Post-Exposure Prophylaxis to Household Contacts of Leprosy in Bolivia
Authors: Baptista Mora Abundio , Ortuño-Gutiérrez Nimer , Zurita Paniagua Deisy , Hurtado Solares Carlos , Fastenau Anil , Kasang Christa
Published: May 2024

Background: To achieve zero leprosy cases in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, we designed a community-based active detection and provision of single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) to household contacts with new leprosy patients. Methods: From July to August 2021, we assessed the current knowledge, attitude, and practices through structured interviews and focus group discussions with community representatives and health staff. This was followed by sensitization sessions, the training of health staff, and the reinforcement of referral mechanisms. Teams, including health staff and community volunteers, visited all new leprosy patients detected in 2021–2023 and household contacts. Results: Among 115 community representatives, knowledge about leprosy etiology was attributed to non-biological factors (74%); fear accounted for 77%, and access to care was perceived as weak (74%), but the outlook was improved by SDR-PEP (80%). Among the 217 health staff interviewed, the programmatic barriers identified were a lack of referral feedback (67%), limited supplies for diagnosis and prevention, and ineffective training (64%). We visited 70 new patients and 258 household contacts. The median age in household contacts was 25 years old; 49% were women, 98% were eligible for SDR-PEP, and all who were eligible accepted it. Those who were non-eligible included one tuberculosis patient and six newly detected leprosy patients (23‰). Conclusions: A community-based intervention was successful in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Misbeliefs and a lack of knowledge were identified as barriers. Programmatic components should be reinforced for SDR-PEP extension.
Enhancing Urban Resilience: Strategic Management and Action Plans for Cyclonic Events through Socially Constructed Risk Processes
Authors: Pérez-Arévalo Raúl , Jiménez-Caldera Juan , Serrano-Montes José Luis , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Therán-Nieto Kevin , Caballero-Calvo Andrés
Published: May 2024

Cities will face increasing challenges due to the impacts of global climate change, particularly in the form of cyclonic events, necessitating a deeper understanding and the establishment of effective response mechanisms at both institutional and citizen levels. In this research, we tested the efficiency of crowdsourcing in fostering participatory resilience and improving urban management. The main aim was to design novel and accurate proactive response strategies and mitigate the adverse effects of cyclonic wind events through volunteerism, citizen science, and urban science. To achieve this goal, as a case study, the municipality of Soledad, Colombia was used. This research employed a two-phase methodological approach: (i) initially evaluating the spatial distribution of emergency response resources, and (ii) developing a geo-referenced survey to map, systematize, and categorize data and outcomes. A total of three hundred and seventy-eight residents across five neighborhoods in Soledad, which have experienced a high frequency of atmospheric wind phenomena over the past two decades, were surveyed. The results indicate that the crowdsourcing mechanism effectively enhanced the empirical understanding of atmospheric wind events in Soledad, facilitating the establishment of a geo-referenced volunteer network for real-time responses. Additionally, this study shed light on previously undocumented challenges, in terms of reducing the number of people affected, and the actions that would lead to improved urban development to reduce the impacts of cyclonic events, emphasizing the significance of citizen science in the social construction of risk and disaster risk reduction (DDR) efforts.
Impact of the Universal Implementation of Adolescent Hepatitis B Vaccination in Spain
Authors: Domínguez Angela , Avellón Ana , Hernando Victoria , Soldevila Núria , Borràs Eva , Martínez Ana , Izquierdo Conchita , Torner Núria , Pericas Carles , Rius Cristina , Godoy Pere
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the introduction of universal adolescent HBV vaccination on the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Acute HBV cases reported to the Spanish National Epidemiological Surveillance Network between 2005 and 2021 were included. For regions starting adolescent vaccination in 1991–1993 and in 1994–1996, HBV incidence rates were compared by calculating the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We also analysed the 2017 Spanish national seroprevalence survey data. The overall acute HBV incidence per 100,000 persons was 1.54 in 2005 and 0.64 in 2021 (p < 0.001). The incidence in 2014–2021 was lower for regions that started adolescent vaccination in 1991–1993 rather than in 1994–1996 (IRR 0.76; 95% CI 0.72–0.83; p < 0.001). In the 20–29 age group, incidence in regions that started adolescent vaccination in 1991–1993 was also lower (IRR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.98; p = 0.02 in 2005–2013 and IRR 0.71; 95% CI 0.56–0·90; p < 0.001 in 2014–2021). Anti-HBc prevalence in the 35–39 age group was lower in the regions that started vaccination earlier, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Acute HBV incidence decreased more in the young adult population in regions that began adolescent vaccination earlier. Maintaining high universal vaccination coverage in the first year of life and in at-risk groups is necessary to achieve HBV elimination by 2030.
HARMONI MANUSIA–AI: PERSPEKTIF HEIDEGGER TENTANG KODRAT AI DAN DAMPAK POSITIFNYA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA
Authors: Pranoto Tito , Riyanto Armada , Jebaru Adon Mathias
Published: May 2024

Kecerdasan buatan (AI) memungkinkan mesin belajar dari pengalaman, menyesuaikan diri dengan masukan baru, dan melakukan tugas seperti manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dampak perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (AI) terhadap hubungan antara manusia dan teknologi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami secara mendalam kodrat AI, khususnya dalam konteks pandangan filsafat Martin Heidegger, serta untuk mengidentifikasi dampak positif dan negatifnya dalam kehidupan manusia. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam studi ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan studi literatur. Pendekatan deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan fenomena hubungan manusia–AI, sementara pendekatan kualitatif mengeksplorasi secara mendalam pemikiran Heidegger tentang teknologi dan eksistensi manusia. Studi literatur dilakukan dengan merinci konsep–konsep Heidegger yang relevan dan kajian terkini tentang perkembangan AI. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa manusia memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk kodrat AI. Kebijakan pembuat keputusan selama pengembangan AI akan menentukan bagaimana AI digunakan. Kemudian, AI dapat digunakan untuk menciptakan harmoni antara manusia dan teknologi. AI dapat membantu manusia melakukan pekerjaan dengan lebih efisien dan kreatif. Yang terakhir, AI juga dapat memiliki dampak eksistensial pada manusia. AI dapat membuat manusia merasa tergantikan atau kehilangan identitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perspektif Heidegger dapat membantu kita mengembangkan AI secara positif. Dengan memahami kodrat dan etika AI, kita dapat menciptakan masa depan yang lebih baik untuk kehidupan manusia.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR EGO TOKOH BRENDA DALAM NOVEL LOVE ME LEAVE ME KARYA IDA ERNAWATI
Authors: Faturrohman Ulfa Hani , Faiza Fadila Nur , Kurniawan Eva Dwi
Published: May 2024

Pada dasarnya setiap manusia lahir dengan memiliki ciri khas masing-masing dan sudah memiliki struktur kepribadian. Kepribadian adalah bagian dari jiwa yang membangun keberadaan manusia menjadi satu kesatuan, tidak terpecah–belah dalam fungsi–fungsi. Memahami kepribadain berarti memahanmi aku, diri, self, atau memahami manusia seutuhnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan struktur kepribadian ego pada tokoh utama, Brenda pada novel Love Me Leave Me karya Ida Ernawati menggunakan teori struktur kepribadian menurut Freud(2016). Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Masalah yang diangkat berkaitan dengan bagaimana aspek ego pada tokoh Brenda. Sumber data yang digunakan dari teks novel Love Me Leave Me Karya Ida Ernawati (2020) melalui perkataan, pemikiran, dan perasaan tokoh utama. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan teknik baca dan catat bacaan novel sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Hasil yang disimpulkan adalah struktur kepribadian yang mendominasi tokoh utama yaitu aspek ego. Aspek ego dalam diri Brenda berperan dalam keterpurukannya yang menggambarkan Brenda menjadi sosok yang menunda kebahagiaannya sendiri. Sering kali Brenda memikirkan penyesalan dan kegelisahannya akibat keputusan yang dia pilih sendiri. Dibalik ketekunannya dalam bekerja di kantor selama bertahun–tahun dia menyimpan kesedihan yang mendalam, yang pada akhirnya berujung ke perceraian pada hubungan pernikahannya.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDITS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Hudáková Stašová Lenka
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The feedback supreme audit institutions (SAI) provide from their audits of public funds and property owned by the national and local governments is critical to the audited governments and public authorities, while also important information for both the professional and general public. The article seeks to assess the performance of the SAIs in the Visegrád Four (V4) countries by evaluating hypotheses that assess the effectiveness of the audits they conduct. Data for the analysis came from annual reports of the institutions and interviews conducted with their staff. The evaluation covers sixteen years (2005-2020) and the five hypotheses established in this article were assessed using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. In general, a conclusion could be drawn from the analysis that the volume of new audit findings was not influenced by the number of audits from previous years or the number of recommendations made therein. On the other hand, the relationship between the number of audits conducted and the number of criminal complaints filed was seen as statistically significant. The public sector works slightly differently in all countries, but the SAI needs to be able to identify and point out the most significant systemic issues concerning the various areas of the state economy.

Keywords: public administration; audits conducted; audit findings; Supreme audit office, Visegrád Four (V4) countries.
Efektivitas Program Penyuluhan Pertanian Terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani Kakao Di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Asyiqin Nur , Haeruddin Haeruddin , Kandatong Hasanuddin
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Efektivitas Proram Penyuluhan Pertanian di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Dibawah bimbingan Haeruddin, S.Pi.,M.Si. dan Ir. H Hasanuddin Kandatong, MM, MMA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Program Penyuluhan Pertanian Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani Kakao di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. 2) Untuk Mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat dan Pendukung program penyuluhan pertanian dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani kakao di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriftif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan, meringkas berbagai kondisi dan mengangkat fenomena kepermukaan sebagai suatu ciri, karakter, model, gambaran, mengenais situasi, kondisi, ataupun fenomena tertentu. Lokasi penelitian ini bertempat di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dari obsevasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data terdiri dari 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan criteria kredibilitas melalui teknik pemeriksaan berupa triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program penyuluhan pertanian dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani kakao di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang, dapat dilihat dari 5 indikator, yaitu pemahaman program, ketepatan sasaran, ketepatan waktu, tercapainya tujuan, dan perubahan nyata. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas program penyuluhan pertanian dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani kakao dii Desa Kuajang cukup membantu petani dalam mengetahui tentang program penyuluhan pertanian, namun Program Penyuluhan Pertanian ini belum bisa dikatakan efektif, seperti dalam hal permodalan yang masih kurang dan pengawalan pendistribusian pupuk maupun bibit dari pemerintah.
Aplikasi Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L) Terhadap nilai Overrun, Daya Leleh dan Uji Organoleptik pada Es Krim
Authors: Yahya Andi , Mahmud Andi Tenri Astuti Bau , Burhan Hasniar
Published: May 2024

Es krim dengan tambahan bahan alami terus berkembang. Pigmen alami yang terdapat pada wortel dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami yang aman untuk membuat es krim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan wortel terhadap kualitas es krim,  mengetahui pengaruh penambahan wortel terhadap nilai organoleptik es krim. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran karakteristik kuat luluh, luapan dan uji  organoleptik. Rancangan  acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3  ulangan (0%, 10%, 15% dan 20%) digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak wortel dalam es krim dapat memperbaiki rasa, tekstur, aroma, warna dan kesukaan. Uji leleh berpengaruh nyata (0,05), sedangkan luapan berpengaruh nyata (0,001) Penambahan ekstrak wortel yang berbeda menyebabkan penurunan struktur aromatik es krim, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kenikmatan es krim. Penambahan ekstrak wortel pada P3 (20%) pada pembuatan es krim wortel memberikan kualitas es krim  terbaik
DAMPAK PENJUALAN KERBAU PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KECAMATAN PANA KABUPATEN MAMASA
Authors: Wiranto Muh Ari , Fausiah Andi , Rahman Mahyuddin
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak penjulan kerbau yang ada di Kecamatan Pana Kabupaten Mamasa. Metode penelitian mengunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani ternak kerbau yang terdapat di Kecamatan Pana Kabupaten Mamasa sebanyak 20 responden Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dampak penjualan kerbau pada masa pandemi covid 19 di Kacamatan Pana Kabupaten Toraja. Perubahan Jumlah Penjualan Dalam Kota sebelum 4,75 sesudah 1,95, perubahan jumlah enjualan luar kota 4,8 sesudah 2,95, jumlah penjualan kerbau dalam kota 4,85 ebelum 2,3 sesudah covid, rata-rata penjulan ternak 4,65 sebelum dan sesudah covid 2 , bagaimana penjualan kerbau sejak adanya isu PMK sebelum covid 4 seudah 2 , Data perubahan pengeluaran dan pendapatan rumah tangga peternak sebelum dan sesudah selama covid 19 adapun pembahasan sebagai brikut, pendapatan rumah tangga sebelunn covid 4,9 dan sesudah 2,15 , Kondisi pengeluran rumah tangga sebelum covid 4,95 dan sesudah 2,2 , kondisi pengeluran dalam rumah tangga seblum covid 5,76 dan setelah covid 2,25, pendapatan dari pedangan sebelum covid 5,75 setelah covid 2,1, pendapatan pekerja utama sebelum covid 4,4 setlah covid 2,05 , perubahan pendapatan pekerja sampingan sebelum covid 5,7 sesudah 2,05
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN INSEMINASI BUATAN MELALUI METODE THAWING DI DESA KUAJANG KECAMATAN BINUANG KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Maulana Akhwan , Fausiah Andi , Rahman Mahyuddin
Published: May 2024

Penelitian tentang “Analisis Tingkat Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan melalui Metode Thawing di Desa Kuajang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2022 di Desa Kuajang, Kecamatan. Binuang, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.Sampel dalam penelitian adalah akseptor IB yaitu sebanyak 20 ekor.. metode dalam pengumpulan data observasi,wawancara, dokumentasi dan analisis data. Penelitian ini lebih menekankan pada pengungkapan makna yang terkandung di dalam deskripsi data tersebut, karena itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Pada table 1 umur ternak 2-3 tahun 7 ekor, 3-4 tahun 8 ekor, 4-5 tahun 5 ekor dan table 2 karakteristik bangsa sapi, sapi bali sebnayak 13 ekor, sapi limousin 4 ekor dan sapi simental 3 ekor. jarak antara tempat penampungan strauw dengan rumah peternak berkisar 20-30 menit  dengan jarak 10-15 Km., parameter untuk mengetahui keberhasilan inseminasi buatan ternak diukur dengan menghitung Service Per Conception  (S/C) dan Conception Rate (CR). CR IB 1 10%, IB 2 22,22%, IB 3 0% sedangkan S/C IB ke 1 dari 20 ekor yang bunting 2 ekor tidak bunting 18 ekor S/C 1 , dari 18 ekor di IB 2 bunting 4 ekor tidak bunting 14 ekor S/C 2 dan dari IB ke 3 dari 14 ekor yang bunting 0 ekor tidak bunting 14 ekor S/C 0  Dengan nilai S/C keseluruhan 2,22 memiliki tingkat fertilitas yang cukup baik dengan menggunakan metode thawing ditempat penampungan straw dengan jarak waktu tempuh 20-30 menit.
Pengaruh dosis dan interval pemupukan unsur hara makro phospor P (SP36) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai (Glycine max l.)
Authors: Irwanto Irwan , Fatman Masdar , Jamal Abd
Published: May 2024

Kedelai merupakan salah satu bahan pangan terpenting ketiga di Indonesia setelah beras dan jagung. Kedelai berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati. Hal ini sangat penting dari segi peningkatan gizi manusia karena aman bagi kesehatan dan relatif murah dibandingkan dengan sumber protein hewani. Tanaman kedelai juga merupakan tanaman dengan konsumsi kalsium, kalium, natrium, besi dan fosfor tertinggi di Indonesia. Survei dilakukan di Desa Salubalo, Kecamatan Sumarolong, Kabupaten Mamasa Sulawesi Barat. Maksud dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kedelai dengan pemberian unsur hara utama berupa fosfor (P). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu dosis dan interval. Elemen pertama adalah dosis, yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan: masing-masing 4 gram, 6 gram dan 8 gram untuk dua aplikasi pertumbuhan. Elemen kedua adalah interval, yang terdiri dari tiga tahap: 2 minggu, 3 minggu, dan 4 minggu. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara dosis pupuk fosfor tinggi (P) dan interval aplikasi nyata untuk parameter berikut: tinggi tanaman, waktu berbunga, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong isi, jumlah polong kosong dan biji. untuk tidak berpengaruh. Berat per 100 biji. Hasil penelitian dan analisis statistik menghasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Interaksi antara takaran aplikasi dan selang waktu aplikasi pupuk P cukup baik dengan takaran aplikasi 3 gram saja untuk berat benih per 100 biji per tanaman. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, waktu berbunga, jumlah polong berisi dan jumlah polong hampa tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pengamatan ini,dan interval waktu pemberian pupuk phosphor juga tidak terdapat pengaruh nyata.