bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentskriterien als Selektionsmerkmale in Schweinezuchtprogrammen (Kurzmitteilung)
Authors: Krieter J. , Presuhn U.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Linear scoring System of legs as selection tool in swine breeding programmes (short communication) A linear scoring system was used to describe leg traits of two pure breed lines of a swine breeding program. Seven Traits were defined on a scale of −3 to +3. Standard deviations, min- and max-values indicate a high variation of the traits. The estimated heritabilities ränge from h2 = 0.10 to 0.25. The genetic correlations between performance traits (live daily gain, backfat thickness) and exterior traits are antagonistic. Therefore further selection pressure for better Performance traits should take account selection for leg traits.
A comparison of different methods of estimating sire transmitting ability of some milk traits in a herd of Holstein Friesian cattle
Authors: Atil H. , Khattab A. S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A total of 1931 normal first lactation records of Holstein Friesian cows kept at Dena Farm in Egypt during the period from 1987 to 1994 were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for 90 day milk yield (90 dMY), 305 day milk yield (305 dMY) and lactation period (LP). In addition, 76 bulls with at least ten daughters were used to compare three methods of sire transmitting ability. A least Squares analysis of variance show significant effect of month and year of calving and age at first calving for different traits studied, except the effect of age at first calving on LP. Heritability estimates for 90 dMY, 305 dMY and LP were 0.39 ± 0.08, 0.27 ± 0.07 and 0.14 ± 0.05, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between different traits were positive and significant. Sires with at least ten daughters were evaluated by best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), least Squares means (LSM) and regression of the future daughters mean on the present daughters mean. The product moment correlations between different traits studied were positive and high (= 0.96).
Genetische Analyse der kongenitalen Hypotrichose mit Anodontie beim Rind
Authors: Drögemüller C. , Neander S. , Klippert H. , Kuiper H. , Kutschke L. , Guionaud S. , Ueberschär S. , Scholz H. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic analysis of congenital hypotrichosis with anodontia in cattle In three male German Holstein calves, black and white spotted, congenital hypotrichosis and nearly complete anodontia was observed. The pedigree of the probands being maternal halfsibs and grandmatemal grandsons supports a monogenic, X-linked recessive inheritance. Chromosomal Xq-deletions were not detected. Similar congenital anomalies are known in tabby mice and in humans as anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDI, EDA). The human gene causative for EDI and the Tabby gene are located on the X-chromosome. Therefore, the moleculargenetic marker analysis in our material was restricted on the X-chromosome. Using identical by descend mapping based on 20 microsatellites, we were able to identify an exclusively Joint genomic region on the long arm of the X-chromosome among the affected calves. The putative location of the gene locus for congenital hypotrichosis with anodontia maps into the region of the marker BM4604 on position 76.5 cM of the X-chromosome.
Einfluß von Kunst- und Naturlicht auf das Verhalten beim Absamen und die spermatologischen Parameter von Rammlern
Authors: Schüddemage M. , Hoy S. , Lange K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of artificial and natural light on behaviour during collection of semen and on spermatological parameters in rabbit bucks 39 bucks of New Zealand White hybrids were kept Single over one year under three different light conditions (natural light – NL – with window – floor – relation of 1 : 20 and 27 Lux; artificial light – AL – with 8 or 16 hours light a day and a mean intensity of 60 Lux) and semen was collected once fortnight to analyse parameters of quality. At the same time sexual activity of bucks during collection of semen was assessed. Under NL conditions the highest sexual activity of male rabbits was found. But, decreasing length of day light in autumn led to a decrease in sexual activity. Best results for nearly all investigated semen parameters were detected in bucks kept under AL with 8 hours light a day.
Langzeitselektion bei asymmetrischer Merkmalsverteilung
Authors: Mielenz N. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Long-term selection by asymmetric trait distribution A quantitative trait is assumed to be genetically affected by a polygenic effect and a major effect of a Single dialellic locus. Such a model is called mixed model of inheritance and the identified gene is denoted as quantitative trait locus (QTL). By choosing the part of the QTL-variance, the degree of dominance and the frequency of the favourable allele it is possible to generate distributions with given level of asymmetry characterised by skewness and kurtosis. If the ratio of QTL- and phenotypic variance is small (less than 8%), then genotype-environment interaction can be used in the mixed inheritance model to explain values of skewness and kurtosis estimated with poultry data. The Situation is considered where the environmental variances given for the three QTL-genotypes show a wide ränge. In most of these cases the short- and long-term selection does not effects the high values for skewness and kurtosis over multiple generations. Further the ratio of response to selection and the difference of selection depends on the selection intensity.
Untersuchungen zum Milchfluss aus Eutervierteln
Authors: Naumann I. , Fahr R.-D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigation of milk flow from udder quarters 672 milk flow curves of 30 cows from the milkings of one quarter and from the corresponding complete milkings of the respective following day were registered. With the aid of the ultrasound technique and an imaging analysis system the teat Channel lengths, the teat wall thickness and the teat tissue areas were meseared before and after milking. The duration of decreasing flow rate of the complete milking can be explained by the traits of the milk flow curves of the quarter milkings. The maximum flow rate and the average flow rate were influenced by the shape traits of the teat apex.
Bedeutung der Varianzkomponentenschätzung für die Zucht von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren – eine Übersicht
Authors: Röhel R. , Krieter J. , Preisinger R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The importance of variance components estimation in breeding of farm animals – a review The present paper showed the importance of variance components estimation in animal breeding. Beside the use of variance components for estimation of breeding values, the components have a high importance on further breeding aspects, such as indication of selection limits, optimisation of test period, change of Performance during growth, and determination of the best selection traits. Maternal and non-additive genetic variance components can be estimated and their high influence on choice of the optimal selection strategy are explained. Standard errors of crossbreeding parameters are influenced by genetic relationships and are only unbiased when using all genetic variances and covariances among animals. Genotype-environmental-interaction and heterogeneous variances, which result in high reduction in selection response, can be obtained in a variance components estimation. The high value of Bayesian methods in order to describe the sampling variance of variance components and to account for the Standard error of estimation of variance components in the estimation of breeding values is explained.
Die Wirkung von psychischem Streß auf das Immunsystem. Ein weiterer Grund für tiergerechte Haltung (Übersichtsreferat)
Authors: Tuchscherer M. , Manteuffel G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The effect of psycho stress on the immune System. Another reason for pursuing animal welfare (Review) Stress can be seen as the body's most important and complex reaction to ensure survival. Thus, stress must be considered a fundamentally positive type of adaptive reaction and concepts of stress have to be integral parts in considering animal well-being. It is widely recognized that acute and chronic stress have an impact on the neuroendocrine and immune system, the latter being of special interest with respect to health and welfare of animals. This review intends to provide an integrative approach to the complex relationships between stress, behaviour, neuroendocrine and immune system of farm animals. Physiological mechanisms that mediate the effects of stress on immune function including basic mechanisms of neuroendocrine-immune network and principles of immuno-modulation are presented and discussed in consideration of their practical impact for livestock production.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Geburtsmasse auf die Lebendmasseentwicklung von Hundewelpen bis zum 20. Lebenstag
Authors: Böhm A. , Hoy S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigations on influence of birth weight on live weight development up to 20th day of age in dog pups Investigations with 102 litters and 715 alive born and 581 individually controlled up to 20th day of age dog pups have shown a highly significant influence of birth weight (x) on weight at the end of third week of age (y) (r = .457; y = 299.9 + 1.99x; p < 0.01). Birth weight of pups died (281 g) was highly significant lower compared to pups who were not lost up to 20th day of age (328 g). Pups with birth weight of more than 451 g reached without losses live weight at day 20 of age which was appr. twice higher compared to pups with birth weight of less than 200 g. Those pups with low birth weight (< 200 g) had a percentage of losses of 83.3 %. Increasing litter size leads to highly significant reduce both in birth weight from 361 to 396 g (litter size = 2 to 5) to 286 g (litter size = 12) and live weight at day 20 of age from 1292 g (litter size = 3) to 748 g (litter size =11). Male dog pups had a less higher live weight compared to female siblings at all points.
Genetic and phenotypic parameters for individual cow somatic cell counts in Zimbabwean Holstein-Friesian cattle
Authors: Imbayarwo-Chikosi E. V. , Makuza S. M. , Wollny C. B. A. , Banda J. W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for lactation average individual cow SCC in Holstein cattle were estimated. Records from the Zimbabwe Dairy Services Association included a total of 7912 lactation records, from which were 1453 first lactation, 2211 second lactation and 4248 third and later lactation records for the period 1994 to 1998. SCC were transformed through a base 2 logarithm. Genetic parameters were estimated with the AIREML Programme. A univariate mixed animal model was used to estimate heritabilities and repeatabilities. The heritability estimates for log2SCC were 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 for the respective first, second, third and subsequent lactations. Estimate of repeatability for log2SCC was 0.17. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated with a multivariate mixed animal model. Genetic correlation estimates between log2SCC and the production traits were low to medium and negative (−0.05 to −0.55) whilst the phenotypic correlation estimates were low and negative (−0.04 to −0.22). As individual cow SCC data collection continues in Zimbabwe, there are opportunities for genetic re-evaluation of this trait with a larger data set. This could possibly include udder type traits, most of which have been reported to be associated with SCC.
Zusammenhang zwischen κ-Casein und ß-Lactoglobulin-Varianten mit der Milchleistung und der Nutzungsdauer von Rindern der Rassen Schwarzbuntes Rind und Polnisches Rotvieh
Authors: Juszczak J. , Erhardt G. , Kuczaj M. , Zieminski R. , Panicke L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relations between genetic variants of κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin and Performance of Black and White and Polish Red cattle Performance of 184 cows from 4 herds of Black and White (SR) and 178 cows from 4 herds of Polish Red breed (RP) was compared due to genotype encoding milk proteins: κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin. Frequence of inividual genotypes differend significantly both between herds within the breed. Statistically significant influence of genotype was found in relation to milk fat content in SR cattle (κ-CNAA> κ-CNBB and ß-LGBB >ß- LGAB > ß-LGAA) and in RP cattle milk protein yield (κ-CNBB > κ-CNAA) and fat content (ß-LGAA > ß-LGAB and ß-LG ). The highest protein content and protein yield in milk was found in cows of both breeds carrying KCNBB genotype (P>0.05). Significant relation with the age of first calving was stated in SR cows: κ-CNAA > KCNAB, in RP cows κ-CNBB > κ-CNAB and in SR cows ß-LGBB >ß-LGAB. Other traits such as longevity, life-time number of calvings and lactations, life-time yield were not found significantly related to searched genotypes although some trends were observed.
Lactation and Sample Test-Day Multi-trait animal model for genetic evaluation of somatic cell scores in Hungarian Holstein-Friesian crossbreeds
Authors: Amin A. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for means of log2 SCC (somatic cell scores: SCS) with milk production traits using complete lactation and sample test-day data sets. Data of SCS and milk production traits for six genetic groups of Holstein-Friesian (HF), Hungarian Native Breed (NHB) and four of their crossbreeds were used. Multi trait animal model was used for the estimation of all genetic and phenotypic (co)-variances All estimates of correlations either genetic (Rg) or phenotypic (Rp) between SCS and milk production traits were mostly negative except with protein percentage. Lactation (L) estimates of Rg between SCSL and total milk yield (MY), fat (FL), protein (PL) and lactose (LcL) percentages were -.11 ±10, -.12 ± .04, .09 ± .03, and -.18 ± .09, respectively and the corresponding sample test-day estimates (STD) were -. 13 ± .07, -. 13 ± .08, -.11 ± 04, -.11 ± 08 respectively. L and STD Rp estimates of SCS with MY and protein were higher than the corresponding R. L-Rg of SCS with MY and protein and L-Rp with fat and lactose were increased with parity. Rg either L or STD with fat decreased with the parity. The highest estimates of L-Rg of SCS with MY were negative for HF in the 2nd and the 3rd parity and were ranged from −0.13 to −0.17. Rg of SCSSTD with daily milk yield (DY) across parity in different genetic groups were higher than the corresponding with MY. All correlations of SCS with protein were positive. L-Rg ranged from .17 to .22 for HF vs. .01 to .04 for NHB. While L-Rp ranged from 06 to 15 for HF vs. .04 to .11 for NHB. It could be concluded that, trend of the relationship for SCS with milk production may had some change in crossbred than purebred aecording to percentage of crossing.
Zum Einfluss des Wachstums und der Seitenspeckdicke auf die Fruchtbarkeits- und Aufzuchtleistung von Jungsauen – 2. Mitteilung: Beziehungen zwischen den Merkmalen und Diskussion
Authors: John A. , Wähner M. , Hoffmeyer C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of growth and side fat thickness on reproduction and rearing performance of gilts. II Relations between characteristics and discussion Influence of growth and side fat thickness on reproduction and breeding performance were analysed in two piglet farms with gilts of Leicoma (farm B) and German Landrace (farm M). Parameters body weight and side fat thickness measured to selection (180. living day) and insemination (236. day farm B; 242 day farm M), body weight gain, pregnancy rate and appropriated boars were correlated. Whereas the race resp. farm differences of growth phases burn to selection and selection to insemination and side fat thickness were highest significantly, the results of reproduction and breeding performance were not different. Significant influences of growth intensity and side fat thickness within the basic groups of farms were only sporadically, however it was not identifiable any trend. The side fat dynamic from selection till insemination had a significant positive influence on litter size, the side fat thickness to the date of insemination showed a positive correlation to pregnancy rate in both farms.
Somatic nuclear transfer in livestock species
Authors: Kühholzer B. , Brem G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) in sheep, cattle, goats, swine and rabbits. Numerous advances have been reported as this technique has developed over the last five years. In the first part of this review, we describe the reported data pertaining to each of the species mentioned above. Theories are offered to explain the different results seen between different species and cell types. One of the main aspects of somatic cell NT, the production of transgenic animals will also be reviewed. Future applications of this powerful technique are discussed. This review concludes with a discussion of some of the problems observed in animals produced using NT as well as possible Solutions for these challenges.
Die Bedeutung von Gesundheitsmerkmalen in der Zucht von Milchrindern
Authors: Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Implications of health traits in breeding of dairy cattle Genetic improvement of health and fertility traits has gained major importance in dairy cattle breeding. Despite many physiological, immunological and biochemical traits proposed, the epidemiological approach provides an efficient tool to achieve genetic progress. Using datasets from Bavaria, Israel and Sweden heritabilities for liability of disease resistance were estimated. These estimates mainly were in the range of h2 = 1 to 4%. Reaction norm to fertility diseases estimated by using insemination parameters showed much higher heritability estimates of h2 = 10 to 19 %. These analyses demonstrate the large genetic variability in disease resistance, and that the genetic variance within breeds can be efficiently used for breeding highly resistant breeds. In order to make use of the genetic variance for disease resistance, a databank for health traits should be built up for German cattle breeds.
Suitability of microsatellites BM1329 and OarAElOl as markers for the introgression of the FecB locus into different sheep breeds
Authors: Weimann C. , Leyhe-Horn B. , Gauly M. , Erhardt G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Litter size in sheep can be improved by introgression of the FecB gene. Genetic markers closely linked to the FecB locus can be used to detect gene carriers. The efficiency of introgression can be increased by using marker assisted selection. Individuals of the prolific breeds Tyrolean Mountain sheep (n = 41), Romanov (n = 43), East Friesian Milksheep (n = 35) and Merinoland sheep (n = 265) were genotyped with the microsatellite markers OarAElOl and BMI 329 linked to the FecB gene to estimate allele frequencies of both microsatellites in these breeds. The frequencies of the microsatellite alleles linked to the FecB gene in Merinoland sheep were 0.07 and 0.1 respectively. The alleles occured also in the other breeds (Tyrolean Mountain sheep, Romanov and East Friesian Milksheep) but with mostly higher frequencies. Furthermore the segregation of the microsatellite alleles was studied in families produced by mating Merinoland sheep ewes (Fec+/Fec+) with two heterozygous Booroola Merino rams (Fec+/FecB) in order to use these markers within an indirect gene test. The recombination rate between BM 1329 and OarAElOl was 13 cM (LOD score 14.6).
Effect of bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) on pigs bone marrow cells
Authors: Matoušek J. , Hruban V. , Hradecky J. , Hrubá A. , Soućek J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The effect of bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS RNase) on bone marrow cells in miniature pigs was studied. BS RNase at the concentration 20 and l00 ug/ml preincubated 1 h with bone marrow cells from normal miniature pigs did not influence the formation of CFU-GM and BFU-E colonies cultivated in methylcellulose medium. The bone marrow cells kept in 4 °C survived better in the presence of BS RNase than control cells cocultivated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). There was proved that pig bone marrow cells are able to bind the BS RNase on their surface without any morphological damage. For the experimental bone marrow transplantation in miniature pigs the whole body irradiation of 8G with a cobalt source was used. Two recipients from seven accepted semi-incompatible bone marrow cells preincubated 2 h with BS RNase (10 mg/5 x l08 cells). No recipient from eight transplanted control animals accepted semi-incompatible bone marrow cells preincubated with BSA.
Milchleistung und -qualität von Fleischrindkühen während der Säugeperiode
Authors: Scholz H. , Kovács A. Z. , Stefler J. , Fahr R.-D. , von Lengerken G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk yield an milk quality of beef cows during the suckling period The milk yield of suckling cows is an important requirement for the growth of weaning calves. The daily milk yield of 57 suckling cows was recorded in different stages of suckling period. As methods of the milk recording were used "weigh – suckle – weigh" and machine milking with application of oxytocin. The means of the 200 days milk yield were 1,754 kg in suckling cows of the Red Angus breed at Hungarian farm and 2,868 kg for different genotypes on a grassland location in the North of Germany. On average, the percentage of milk fat was x = 4.26 % ± 1.17 %, of protein x = 3.62 % ± 0.39 % and of lactose x = 4.80 % + 0.35 %, respectively. Significant relations were recorded between the milk yield in the first 6th months of suckling period and the daily weight gain (coefficients from r = 0.541 to r = 0.581).
Beziehungen zwischen Futteraufnahme, Seitenspeckdicke und ausgewählten Merkmalen der Aufzuchtleistung laktierender Sauen
Authors: Wähner M. , Scholz H. , Kämmerer B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between feed intake, side fat thickness and special parameters of rearing Performance of lactating sows A total of 106 Camborough sows were used to study the relationship between feed intake, side fat thickness at the end of pregnancy, their change during lactation and special parameters of rearing Performance. Sows with a high side fat thickness at the end of pregnancy realised a lower feed intake during lactation (r = −0.206*) but a higher loss of side fat thickness (r = −0.499**) than sows with worse body condition. High feed intake during lactation stimulates a high number of weaned piglets (r = 0.299*) and the weight of weaned litter (r = 0.321*). The amount of feed intake in first week of lactation is most important for it. Generally, sows with a high predisposition for mobilisation of body fat and high intake of food during lactation realised the significant highest rearing Performance (r = 0.436***).
Einfluss von Inzucht und Selektion auf die Fruchtbarkeit und das Wachstum der Maus
Authors: Sallah Issa B. , Seeland G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of inbreeding and selection on fertility and growth in mice The experiment comprised 3 lines of outbred mice: An inbred line without selection (1), an inbred line with selection (2) and a non inbred control line with random mating (3). In line 1 and 2 half sister mating was used. In line 2, 20 % of the females are selected for litter size and stillbirths of their dam. The males are selected at two stages: 50 % for body weight at the age of 10 days and 50 % for body weight at the age of 21 days. Inbreeding depressions seems to depend non linear on the degree of inbreeding. Selection within the line 2 could compensate inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. Epistatic effects and natural selection are discussed as a cause of the non linear inbreeding depression.
Physiologie effects of individual fatty acids in animal and human body, with particular attention to coronary heart disease risk modulation
Authors: Pfeuffer M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Dietary fatty acids have a wide spectrum of functions in the body. They may all serve as energy source, but polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferably incorporated into cell membranes and affect membrane composition and functionality. Some fatty acids may change gene transcription, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, released from cell membranes, serve as precursors of eicosanoid synthesis. Fatty acids affect lipid and lipoprotein levels. Lipoproteins may be modified in several ways, e.g. become oxidized or glycated, which in turn affects their metabolic fate. Fatty acids affect endothelial function via inflammatory, oxidative and haemostatic processes. This shows that fatty acids exert regulatory functions in many ways beyond plasma cholesterol level changes. Effects of individual fatty acids are not necessarily one-directional, i.e. there may be both negative and positive aspects to them. Omega3 polyunsatureated fatty acids have a particularly wide spectrum of favourable effects.
Testing a continuous variation in preweaning expression of muscular hypertrophy in beef cattle using field data
Authors: Goyache F. , Royo L. J. , Alvarez I. , Gutierrez J. P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The hypothesis of a continuous variation in the expression of muscular hypertrophy has been tested using field data. A modification of NEUVY and VISSAC's cularity index method (Culard Index) was assayed. Expression of muscular hypertrophy showed a broad phenotypical variability. Environmental factors affecting expression of muscular hypertrophy characterised by Culard Index were calving season, age of dam, sex of calf, muscularity of dam, muscularity of sire and age of calf at weaning. In addition, Culard Index influences significantly preweaning growth traits confirming double muscled calves’ higher preweaning growth ability. Culard Index score showed moderate heritability. Expression of muscular hypertrophy could be a relatively different trait with respect to latent muscular hypertrophy that would be, in turn, determined by a partially dominant major gene. Culard Index could be an interesting tool to make use of the observable differences in expression of muscular hypertrophy.
Fütterungs- und nicht fütterungsbedingte Einflüsse auf den Milchharnstoffgehalt von Milchkühen – 3. Mitteilung: Vorschlag für ein dynamisches Modell zur Einschätzung der Rohproteinversorgung an Hand des Milchharnstoffgehaltes
Authors: Richardt W. , Jeroch H. , Spilke J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The impact of nutrition and non nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. III. A new milk urea model to indicate the dietary crude protein / energy balance in dairy cows The object of this study was to determine the impact of dietary crude protein / energy balance, stage of lactation, parity, milk protein yield, somatic cell count on milk urea concentration under the conditions of routine milk yield recording. From this data a model was created to predict the milk urea concentration for a single dairy cow or a feeding group. The relationship between dietary crude protein/energy balance, milk protein yield, stage of lactation, somatic cell count and milk urea concentration can be described by the following equation: first lactation period y = 156.7 + 42.52 * milk protein yield + 0.34 * day in milk -0.017 * somatic cell count second lactation period y = 186.2 + 43.23 * milk protein yield + 0.04 * day in milk - 0.019 * somatic cell count third lactation period y = 188.3 + 31.17 * milk protein yield + 0.06 * day in milk - 0.015 * somatic cell count The approximate confidence interval for a predicted milk urea content is ± 15 mg/l. If the analyzed milk urea concentration is greater than the predicted milk urea content (interval), this could indicate dietary crude protein excess. If the analyzed milk urea concentration is lower this might be due to a lack of dietary crude protein.
Assoziation von Polymorphismen im Promotorbereich des porcinen HSP 70.2-Gens bei Ebern mit der Wurfgröße
Authors: Schlingmann C. , Dietl G. , Räder I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Association of polymorphisms in the promotor region of porcine HSP70.2-gene of boars to litter size Heat shock protein genes 70 are candidate genes for the general constitution of farm animals because the physiological function of their proteins in the stress processing. Polymorphisms in the promotor region of the porcine HSP 70.2 gene could be usable as indicators of this function for breeding. This work studied the dispersion of the genotypes of two polymorphisms and their association to the number of living born piglets per litter and to the number of weaned piglets per litter using a material of 169 boars with more than 22000 litters. Differences of the distributions of genotypes and alleles within and between breeds indicate a general importance of these polymorphisms for breeding with pigs. The estimated gene substitutions effects show an improved fertility if the mutated alleles appear in heterozygous genotypes. The substitution effects were however low and could not be secured statistically.
An experimental approach for studying the genetic and physiological background of nutrient transformation in cattle with respect to nutrient secretion and accretion type
Authors: Kühn C. , Bellmann O. , Voigt J. , Wegner J. , Guiard V. , Ender K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Identifying the genetic and physiological background of phenotypic variability between animals of different nutrient turnover is a well recognised prerequisite for efficient breeding strategies. Published results relevant for our recently initiated project on properties of the nutrient transformation in cattle with respect to secretion type and accretion type are reviewed. For a deeper insight into the genetic and physiological background of both types, an experiment has been initiated using segregating F2 offspring's of crosses of Charolais bulls and German Holstein cows. It will be shown that, with respect to their phenotypic and physiological properties, these two breeds are especially suitable for a study of the accretion and secretion type. The basis of the experimental design and the intended investigations are described.
Is there linkage between supernumerary teats in cattle and BTA3 markers?
Authors: Brka M. , Reinsch N. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. From 1997 to 1999 1005 new born German Holstein calves were investigated for the incidence of supernumerary teats. Age at inspection varied from 1 to 4 weeks. In total 110 affected calves (20 male and 90 female) and their 21 sires were genotyped for five chromosome 3 microsatellites. The average size of half-sib families was 5.2 ranging from 2 to 17. A non-parametric multipoint linkage analysis showed no evidence for linkage.
Zufütterung von Getreide an männliche Kälber aus der Mutterkuhhaltung während der Weideperiode
Authors: Scholz H. , Mörchen F. , Schäfer S. , Fahr R.-D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Supplementation of grain to suckling beef calves during the grazing period A study on 65 beef cow-calf pairs was conducted to investigate the intake of a feed supplementation with grain and its interrelations to performance and behaviourial characteristics of suckling calves, as well as the development of body condition and milk yield of the dam. The intake of grain in the group receiving the supplementation (group B) was on average 2.7 kg/ calf/day during the grazing period. A substantial individual variation of feed intake from 1.8 kg to 7.7 kg grain/calf/day was determined. In this period, the daily gains and the weaning weights of the calves in group B were higher (15.4% resp. 7.4%). The advantage of the calves of the group B could be proven only in the second half of the grazing period. The supplementation of grain caused significantly lower suckling activities and grazing periods per day. Effects of a grain supplementation in the feeding of suckling calves on pasture could not be determined on both the body condition and the milk yield of the cows.
Nutzung von QTL-Information bei der Langzeitselektion
Authors: Mielenz N. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Long-term selection by using QTL-information A quantitative trait is assumed to be genetically affected by a polygenic effect and a major effect of a single dialellic locus. Such an identified gene is denoted as quantitative trait locus (QTL). A population characterized by infinite population size, heritability equal to 0.4, ratio of QTL-variance and total genetic variance equal to 20 % and complete dominance at the QTL was considered. The objective of the study was to investigate the genetic changes in the population over 20 generations of selection in five different environmental situations. The scenarios differed in the environmental variation of the three QTL-genotypes and also in heritability level after the favourable allel being fixed. To selection over generations indexes were constructed including the breeding value for the known QTL, the genotypic value of the QTL and the estimated polygenic breeding value. Beside of selection on phenotype and standard-indexes a sub-optimal index contracted the environmental variances at the QTL was considered in the model. If the favourable QTL-genotype is highly affected by the environment than it can be of advantage to select against the favourable allel. Deterministic calculations confirmed greater long-term response for sub-optimal strategies over standard indexes and phenotypic selection, not only for the up-selection but for the down-selection as well. The results from the deterministic approach showed good agreements with the results obtained by stochastic simulation.
Follicular dynamic and ovulation in cattle – a review
Authors: Kanitz W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A review is given about follicular populations and aspects of follicular development in cattle. Ovaries of cattle contain two different pools of follicles, the non-growing pool and the growing pool. Entry of primordial follicles into the growth phase occurs throughout the reproductive life. Once follicles are recruited to grow, they are destined to undergo atresia or ovulation. Growth of obligatory gonadotropin-dependent follicles occurs in a wave like pattern. The growth waves are characterised by the processes of recruitment, selection and dominance. The known mechanisms responsible for these three processes are discussed.
Analyse der Fettsäurenzusammensetzung des Rohfettes von Prüffutter für Schweine (Kurzmitteilung)
Authors: Müller S. , Reichardt W. , Hartung H. , Eckert B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the raw fat from the feed of pigs which are examined to her performance (short communication) The raw fat of 14 examining feeds from 13 German performance testing centres for pigs was extracted 2001 and analysed for the fatty acid composition by means of gas chromatography. Besides a great variation of the raw fat content (s % = 42) was to state that with 14.4 g/kg feed on average the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was high. Examinations of the raw fat of wheat, rye and barley showed that the high proportions in linoleic and linolenic acid are brought in the fattening rations primarily by the cereal components. A limitation of the PUFA proportions below 15 g/kg feed therefore doesn't seem to be practicable in the examining feed of performance testing centres for pigs. The additional variation in the fatty acid composition of examining feeds caused by added fats or oils should however be limited according to a better standardization.
Comparative study of the body composition of different turkey genotypes by means of CT (short communication)
Authors: Andrássy-Baka G. , Romvári R. , Sütő Z. , Szabó A. , Horn P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Male and female BUT Big 6 and Bronze turkeys (type 1967) kept in a gene reserve were in vivoL investigated with non-invasive high resolution computerized tomography by means of a sipral CT scanner. The imaging procedure was carried out at the ages of 5, 12, 16 and 21 weeks on two turkeys, in both sexes. All animals were kept under intensive conditions according to the demands of the conformation and the body weight of the relevant group average. On the basis of 30–50 scans gathered from each bird during the scanning procedure the volumetric measurement of the total body muscle content was performed. These values were at the 5th week 0.9 and 0.8 vs. 0.3 and 0.2 dm3 in BUT male and female vs. Bronze male and female birds. At the 21st week the respective values were: 12.65 and 7.66 vs. 3.60 and 2.28 dm3. The total body fat content was characterised by the so called "fat index", a value independent of the live weight. This indices were at the 21st week: 0.12 and 0.20 vs. 0.12 and 0.13 following the above order. The investigation of the tissue development in the body was carried out by means of 3D histograms. The morphologic properties of the breast muscles were compared based on real 3D reconstructed images at the age of 21 weeks where the major differences concerned the m. pectoralis superficialis. The applied imaging methods are well applicable to describe the anatomic and body compositional differences in the excessively different genotypes.
Comparison of different statistical-genetic approaches of QTL detection by Evaluating results from a real dairy cattle data set
Authors: Freyer G. , Kühn C. , Weikard R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recent reports on estimating QTL positions and effects on milk production traits show several chromosomal regions, for example on BTA6, being putative QTL regions, for milk yield and traits of ingredients. The statistical methods and genetic models on which these results were based on, show different advantages and limits. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to compare and evaluate such results. Confirmation studies are inevitable, before drawing conclusions towards finemapping analyses or practical use of such results. We compared three published approaches, realizing up to five different genetic models of QTL estimation analysing the traits fat yield (kg) and fat content (%) based on a real data set of five granddaughter families from the German Holstein dairy cattle population. The marker map contained 16 microsatellite markers, distributed across chromosome BTA6. The focus was mainly on the most likely map positions of the putative QTL and on its character. The significant results obtained from using different methods and adapting several genetic models were conclusive and comparable to QTL positions reported elsewhere.
The process of embryonic mortality in seven initial laying strains during incubation
Authors: Máchal L. , Zatloukal M. , Jeřábek S. , Molnárová Z.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In five segments of incubation (within the 4th day, on the 7th, 14th, 20th days and in the stage of breaking through the shell) we studied the fertility of hatching eggs, the hatchability and embryonic mortality of seven initial laying strains (RIR – 1, RIR – 2, RIR – 3, RIW – 1, SU – 1, BPR – 1 and BPR – 2) in the course of three egg sets of individual pedigree hatching. The average hatchability of all the seven strains was 71.5%, the proportion of unfertilised eggs was 11.3% and embryonic mortality reached 17.2%. The embryonic mortality of all the seven strains culminated in two periods, i.e. within the 4th day of incubation (36.9% of the total embryonic mortality) and at the end of incubation (from the 15th to 20th day of incubation – 23.4% and during breaking through the shell – 18.1%). In terms of the inter-line differences, the embryonic mortality was the highest in three lines, which had a higher coefficient of inbreeding (Fx < 12.5%), i.e. RIR – 1 (20.9%), BPR – 2 (20.3%) and RIW – 1 (23.7%). All the three lines bear the recessive gene (k+) on locus K, which is responsible for the rapid type of feathering using feathersexing. Within the 7th day of incubation the embryonic mortality was higher in both BPR lines (BPR – 1–58.1%, BPR – 2–53.6% of the total embryonic mortality), while in the last trimester of incubation and in the period of breaking through the shell it was the lowest (BPR – 1–30.8%, BPR – 2–36.2% of the total embryonic mortality).
Relative importance of risk factors concerning the introduction and spread of classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease in Germany
Authors: Nissen B. , Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper describes the results of an expert survey in Germany to obtain the relative importance of risk factors for the introduction and spread of classical swine fever (CSF) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). 41 experts from five different fields were interviewed face-to-face, and 151 questionnaires were sent to experts working in the veterinary departments of five selected German federal states. In the questionnaire, experts were asked to estimate and rank situations presenting various degrees of danger. These situations were created by the respective risk factors being either "present" or "not present". The relative importance of each single risk factor was evaluated on the basis of Conjoint Analysis. The results of Conjoint Analysis were subjected to Cluster Analysis to determine whether the similarities in the experts' evaluation of risk situations might have been influenced by their working in the same field or in the same region. The evaluation of the risk factors indicates that for the introduction of CSF and FMD the import of livestock was seen as a great risk with relative importance at 26.1 % / 27.0 % (interview / questionnaire) for CSF and 25.3 % / 27.7 % for FMD, respectively. For CSF, wild boars present an additional risk at 26.8 % / 20.8 %. The danger of spreading both animal diseases rests in indirect contacts in connection with high animal density (32.8 % / 26.9 % for CSF and 39.5 % / 40.9 % for FMD). Animal trade at 27.2 % / 29.3 % was also seen as a danger for the spread of FMD. Cluster Analysis did not show any influence by mutual external conditions. Results were validated by comparing to findings in the literature.
Biotechnische Fortpflanzungssteuerung bei Sauen und mögliche verdeckte Genfrequenzänderung für das Brunstverhalten
Authors: Fischer K. , Wähner M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Biotechnical control of reproduction in sows and the opportunity of a hidden change of gene frequency for estrous behaviour Since more than three decades hormones have been used for the synchronisation of ovulation in sows often combined with timed artificial insemination. This will be done without considering the estrous behaviour. A selection with regard to symptoms of standing behaviour is not necessary. Regarding to that it is possible to breed pigs that are not suitable for that purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the opportunity of hidden gene frequency changes in the genetics of pigs in two herds of German Landrace. This will be shown by the example of the standing behaviour and especially the time they need to come in heat after weaning of the piglets. The basic datas was provided by two pig-breeding farms. The calculation is based only on the information to the 2nd and 3rd litter of these sows in order to reduce the influence of selection. It is assumed that the path of heredity is monofacturial. Only pigs with the genotype “aa” will be negatively affected. At the beginning the father of boars (SS) is the sole carrier of the defect gene. The gene frequency, frequency for homozygotes and the correct number of concerned pigs after 10 generations will be calculated for a more accurate description of the expansion of this gene. The gene frequency results in the balance of 0.4 %. This figure has already been achieved after eight generations. According to this value the frequency of homozygotes is 0.0017 % on all paths of heredity. After ten generations the population will contain 0.0093 animals of the homozygot recessive genotype “aa”. There will be 0.0055 male and 0.0038 female pigs of the negative genotype. Finally, no negative effect of the usage of hormones for the synchronisation of ovulation in pigs has been proved.
The influence of calf rearing methods and milking methods on performance traits of crossbred dairy cattle in Thailand – 2. Reproductive performance and cow body weight
Authors: Boonbrahm N. , Peters K. J. , Intisang W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Forty Thai x Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred dairy cows (75 % and 87.5 % HF upgrade level) with calves were used in experiments to investigate restricted suckling (RS) versus bucket rearing (BR) and hand versus machine milking in Thailand. Calves were kept indoors and remained with their dams during the first 4 days and were then allocated to the RS or BS treatment. Milking was done twice daily and RS-calves were allowed to suckle for 15 minutes after milking. All experimental animals were fed according to requirements with concentrate supplements, minerals and water ad lib. This paper reports effects on reproductive performance and weight of cows. Calving to first oestrus interval in cows with RS and BR calves were 72.2 ± 2.5 and 54.7 ± 2.5 (p < 0.001), respectively, and days open 114.2 ± 6.68 and 86.5 ± 6.7 (p < 0.01). Milking method (hand or machine) had no effect on days to first oestrus and days open. Primiparous cows had a longer calving to first oestrus interval than multiparous cows (p < 0.001) (72.3 ± 2.8 vs 54.5 ± 2.3) and a longer days open period (p < 0.01) (114.4 ± 7.4 vs 86.2 ± 6.1). Body weight change of cows during the first 2 months of lactation was not affected by any treatment or systematic factor tested.
Polymorphism of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase and the profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the first of lactation trimester of cows naturally-infected with bovine leukaemia virus
Authors: Kaczmarczyk E. , Bojarojć-Nosowicz B. , Fiedorowicz A. , Demianowicz W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study covered a population of 91 cows aged 3–6 years. Enzootic bovine leukaemia (EBL) was diagnosed with ELISA and PCR tests. The assays were performed in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month after calving. Use was made of anti-bovine monoclonal antibodies (Mab), (VMDR Inc. Pullman-USA) and conjugates of FITC and R-PE (Medac – Germany) with an indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IMF). A differentiation observed between the population numbers of CD19 + B lymphocytes and CD2 + T lymphocytes as well as the CD8 + T lymphocyte sub-population was found to be significant between cows with different genotypes of AcP. Moreover, a correlation was found between the polymorphism of AcP and EBL incidence in cows with reference to the number and percentage of CD19 + B lymphocytes (AcP polymorphism x EBL interaction). A significant differentiation in the profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed between EBL-positive and EBL-negative cows as well as over the first three months after calving. The results reported in this study seem to indicate the potential contribution of a genetic predisposition connected with the expression of biological functions of the blood leukocyte acid phosphatase system in the activation and proliferation of these cells.