bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MJO Cycle Forcing of the North Atlantic Circulation: Intervention Experiments with the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Straus David M. , Swenson Erik , Lappen Cara-Lyn
Published: October 2014

A three-dimensional evolution of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) diabatic heating for October–March from satellite data is constructed: the heating propagates eastward for three cycles, modulated by the likelihood for a given MJO phase to occur on a given calendar day. This heating is added to the temperature tendencies of each member of an ensemble of 48 (1 October–31 March) simulations with the Community Earth System Model.

The leading two most predictable modes of the planetary wave vertically integrated total (added plus model generated) heating capture 81% of the ensemble-mean variance and form an eastward-propagating oscillation with very high signal-to-noise ratio. The two most predictable modes of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere 200-hPa height form an oscillation, as do those of the 300-hPa height tendency due to synoptic vorticity flux convergence, the 200-hPa Rossby wave source, and the envelope transient kinetic energy. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) occurs 15–25 days after the MJO convection crosses the 90°E meridian, supported by synoptic vorticity flux convergence and a distinct pattern of Rossby wave source.

The daily North Atlantic circulation anomalies are categorized into four circulation regimes with a cluster analysis. The NAO+ and NAO− are equally likely in the control model runs, but the NAO+ is 10% more likely in the model runs with heating, compared to a difference of 14% in reanalyses. The daily occurrence of the NAO+ regime in the heating ensemble shows maxima at times when the leading two optimal modes of height also indicate NAO+ but also shows maxima at other times.
Role of Resolved and Parameterized Eddies in the Labrador Sea Balance of Heat and Buoyancy
Authors: Saenko Oleg A. , Dupont Frédéric , Yang Duo , Myers Paul G. , Yashayaev Igor , Smith Gregory C.
Published: October 2014

Deep convection in the Labrador Sea is an important component of the global ocean ventilation. The associated loss of heat to the atmosphere from the interior of the sea is thought to be mostly supplied by mesoscale eddies, generated either remotely or as a result of convection itself—processes that are not resolved by low-resolution ocean climate models. The authors first employ a high-resolution (°) ocean model forced with high-resolution (33 km, 3 h) atmospheric fields to further elaborate on the role of mesoscale eddies in maintaining the balance of heat and buoyancy in the Labrador Sea. In general agreement with previous studies, it is found that eddies remove heat along the coast and supply it to the interior. Some of the eddies that are generated because of the barotropic instability off the west coast of Greenland are recaptured by the boundary current. In the region of deep convection, the convergence of heat and buoyancy by eddies significantly increases with the deepening of the winter mixed layer. In addition, the vertical eddy flux plays an important part in the heat budget of the upper Labrador Sea, accounting for up to half of the heat loss to the atmosphere north of 60°N. A low-resolution (1°) model with parameterized eddies is then applied to show that it does capture, qualitatively, the general structure of eddy buoyancy advection along the Labrador Current. However, the 1° model is deficient in this regard in the most eddy active region off the west coast of Greenland, although some improvements can be made by forcing it with the high-resolution atmospheric fields.
Continuous Daily Observation of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Kuroshio by a Helicopter Shuttle Service
Authors: Tanimoto Youichi , Shimoyama Kou , Mori Shoichi
Published: October 2014

This paper describes a new initiative in which in situ observations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) are made by a helicopter shuttle connecting six islands south of Tokyo. This observation method aims to make frequent measurements of temperature and moisture in the MABL across an ocean front, where direct measurements of the MABL have been limited. An onboard observation system to meet flight regulations was developed. Observed temperature and moisture as a function of pressure at 1-s intervals provided vertical profiles up to the 900-hPa level above each of the islands, from 24 December 2010 to 6 April 2011, with the exception of an accidental power down in mid-February 2011. The observed values are validated by intercomparison with surface measurements from weather stations, atmospheric soundings, and mesoscale weather analysis provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Temperature and moisture values obtained using the system described here at the surface are significantly correlated with those from the weather station. The meridional changes revealed by the observed vertical profiles depict rich MABL structures, such as a cold-air intrusion and a strong near-surface inversion, that are not captured by the mesoscale weather analysis. However, this discrepancy is probably due to insufficient treatment in the mesoscale numerical model rather than observational errors. Additional intercomparisons indicate no influence from either artificial mixing by the helicopter rotor or by dynamic pressure caused by the fast-moving helicopter when obtaining the vertical profiles. Following these validations, the continuation of the initiative will allow for examining the influence of the ocean front on the overlying MABL on a synoptic time scale.
The Kinematic and Microphysical Characteristics and Associated Precipitation Efficiency of Subtropical Convection during SoWMEX/TiMREX
Authors: Chang Wei-Yu , Lee Wen-Chau , Liou Yu-Chieng
Published: October 2014

Dual-Doppler, polarimetric radar observations and precipitation efficiency (PE) calculations are used to analyze subtropical heavy rainfall events that occurred in southern Taiwan from 14 to 17 June 2008 during the Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-Influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX) field campaign. Two different periods of distinct precipitation systems with diverse kinematic and microphysical characteristics were investigated: 1) prefrontal squall line (PFSL) and 2) southwesterly monsoon mesoscale convective system (SWMCS). The PFSL was accompanied by a low-level front-to-rear inflow and pronounced vertical wind shear. In contrast, the SWMCS had a low-level southwesterly rear-to-front flow with a uniform vertical wind field. The PFSL (SWMCS) contained high (low) lightning frequency associated with strong (moderate) updrafts and intense graupel–rain/graupel–small hail mixing (more snow and less graupel water content) above the freezing level. It is postulated that the reduced vertical wind shear and enhanced accretional growth of rain by high liquid water content at low levels in the SWMCS helped produce rainfall more efficiently (53.1%). On the contrary, the deeper convection of the PFSL had lower PE (45.0%) associated with the evaporative loss of rain and the upstream transport of liquid water to form larger stratiform regions. By studying these two events, the dependence of PE on the environmental and microphysical factors of subtropical heavy precipitation systems are investigated by observational data for the first time. Overall, the PE of the convective precipitation region (47.9%) from 14 to 17 June is similar to past studies of convective precipitation in tropical regions.
The Use and Non-Use of Japanese Names by Non-Japanese
Authors: Unser-Schutz Giancarla
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhile Japan is often said to be homogenous in population, recent years have seen an increase in foreign residents, making it interesting to consider if the same patterns of adaptation of names found in other countries could be observed. A survey amongst foreign residents of Japan showed that while adaptation of names in their pronunciation was common, it was generally uncommon to use Japanese personal names. However, people of Asian heritage used them more commonly. It is suggested that the binary positioning of Japanese identities may make it difficult for some foreigners to take Japanese names, with additional factors such as racial expectations for foreigners possibly influencing some groups’ ability to take Japanese names.
Alphabetical Effects on Political Careers
Authors: Urbatsch R.
Published: October 2014

AbstractPersonal names have important consequences for many life outcomes, but their influence on political success is relatively unexplored. Yet widespread biases towards outcomes early in the alphabet and the propensity for some seniority lists (such as those in the United States House of Representatives) to privilege alphabetical position when politicians assume office simultaneously suggest that alphabetically early surnames may promote electoral success. Examining American governors and members of the federal Congress reveals that prominent elected politicians are, on average, earlier alphabetically than their average constituent. Furthermore, members of the House of Representatives are more likely to assume party leadership positions when they are earlier in alphabetical order, whereas members of the Senate (where alphabetical position plays no role in determining seniority) show no such relationship.
Ordered and ultrathin reduced graphene oxide LB films as hole injection layers for organic light-emitting diode
Authors: Yang Yajie , Yang Xiaojie , Yang Wenyao , Li Shibin , Xu Jianhua , Jiang Yadong
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we demonstrated the utilization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films as high performance hole injection layer in organic light-emitting diode (OLED). By using LB technique, the well-ordered and thickness-controlled RGO sheets are incorporated between the organic active layer and the transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO), leading to an increase of recombination between electrons and holes. Due to the dramatic increase of hole carrier injection efficiency in RGO LB layer, the device luminance performance is greatly enhanced comparable to devices fabricated with spin-coating RGO and a commercial conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer. Furthermore, our results indicate that RGO LB films could be an excellent alternative to commercial PEDOT:PSS as the effective hole transport and electron blocking layer in light-emitting diode devices.
Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae)
Authors: González-Gutiérrez Alejandra G , Gutiérrez-Mora Antonia , Rodríguez-Garay Benjamín
Published: October 2014

Agave tequilanais an angiosperm species that belongs to the family Asparagaceae (formerly Agavaceae). Even though there is information regarding to some aspects related to the megagametogenesis ofA. tequilana, this is the first report describing the complete process of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the early embryo and endosperm development process in detail. The objective of this work was to study and characterize all the above processes and the distinctive morphological changes of the micropylar and chalazal extremes after fertilization in this species. The agave plant material for the present study was collected from commercial plantations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Ovules and immature seeds, previously fixed in FAA and kept in ethanol 70%, were stained based on a tissue clarification technique by using a Mayer’s-Hematoxylin solution. The tissue clarification technique was successfully used for the characterization of the megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, mature embryo sac formation, the early embryo and endosperm development processes by studying intact cells. The embryo sac ofA. tequilanawas confirmed to be of the monosporic Polygonum-type and an helobial endosperm formation. Also, the time-lapse of the developmental processes studied was recorded.
Determination of superoxide dismutase mimetic activity in common culinary herbs
Authors: Chohan Magali , Naughton Declan P , Opara Elizabeth I
Published: October 2014

Background

Under conditions of oxidative stress, the removal of superoxide, a free radical associated with chronic inflammation, is catalysed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thus in addition to acting as an antioxidant, SOD may also be utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent. Some plant derived foods have been shown to have SOD mimetic (SODm) activity however it is not known if this activity is possessed by culinary herbs which have previously been shown to possess both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the study was to ascertain if the culinary herbs rosemary, sage and thyme possess SODm activity, and to investigate the influence of cooking and digestion on this activity. Transition metal ion content was also determined to establish if it could likely contribute to any SODm activity detected.

Findings

All extracts of uncooked (U), cooked (C) and cooked and digested (C&D) herbs were shown to possess SODm activity, which was significantly correlated with previously determined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these herbs. SODm activity was significantly increased following (C) and (C&D) for rosemary and sage only. The impact of (C) and (C&D) on the SODm for thyme may have been influenced by its transition metal ion content.

Conclusions

SODm activity may contribute to the herbs’ antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities however the source and significance of this activity need to be established.
Environmental impacts of nanomaterials: providing comprehensive information on exposure, transport and ecotoxicity - the project DaNa2.0
Authors: Kühnel Dana , Marquardt Clarissa , Nau Katja , Krug Harald F , Mathes Björn , Steinbach Christoph
Published: October 2014

Background

Assessing the impact of new technologies or newly developed substances on our environment is a challenge, even more so if the applied test methods - both toxicological and analytical - are often found to be inadequate and need amendments or even new developments as it is in the case of nanotechnology. This is illustrated by numerous publications in the field of nano-ecotoxicology which although they have been investigating the impact of a number of nanomaterials on several organisms almost never allow for explicit statements on potential hazards of these nanomaterials. This fact not only hampers the knowledge communication to all non-scientists (e.g. consumers) but it also complicates the transfer of the obtained results for other scientists.

Results

Risk communication is an essential and thus integral part of risk management. For this purpose, the project DaNa2.0 (Data and knowledge on nanomaterials - processing of socially relevant scientific facts) provides processed and hence easy accessible information on the potential safety issues of nanomaterials, mainly via the project website http://www.nanoobjects.info. This will allow various stakeholder groups to get impartial information on potential effects of nanomaterials and help consumers to make informed decisions. DaNa2.0 is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and supported by the Swiss government as well as by the European InterReg IVb programme. The DaNa2.0 team is an interdisciplinary group of scientists from different areas such as materials science, chemistry, biology and human and environmental toxicology. Extending the project team in DaNa2.0 with European experts allows for broadening of the existing knowledge portfolio by adding further cross-cutting topics and increasing our expertise, e.g. in the field of environmental exposure and fate.

Conclusions

On the project website http://www.nanoobjects.info, a unique link between nanomaterials in practical applications (e.g. environmental remediation) and their potential impacts is provided. The focus of this publication will be on all issues with environmental relevance, which are addressed in the ‘Knowledge Base Nanomaterials’ on the project website. These issues include environmental exposure and behaviour of nanomaterials and nano-ecotoxicology.
A large scale expression study associates uc.283-plus lncRNA with pluripotent stem cells and human glioma
Authors: Galasso Marco , Dama Paola , Previati Maurizio , Sandhu Sukhinder , Palatini Jeff , Coppola Vincenzo , Warner Sarah , Sana Maria E , Zanella Riccardo , Abujarour Ramzey , Desponts Caroline , Teitell Michael A , Garzon Ramiro , Calin George , Croce Carlo M , Volinia Stefano
Published: October 2014

Background

There are 481 ultra-conserved regions (UCRs) longer than 200 bases in the genomes of human, mouse and rat. These DNA sequences are absolutely conserved and show 100% identity with no insertions or deletions. About half of these UCRs are reported as transcribed and many correspond to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Methods

We used custom microarrays with 962 probes representing sense and antisense sequences for the 481 UCRs to examine their expression across 374 normal samples from 46 different tissues and 510 samples representing 10 different types of cancer. The expression in embryonic stem cells of selected UCRs was validated by real time PCR.

Results

We identified tissue selective UCRs and studied UCRs in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Among the normal tissues, the uc.283 lncRNA was highly specific for pluripotent stem cells. Intriguingly, the uc.283-plus lncRNA was highly expressed in some solid cancers, particularly in one of the most untreatable types, glioma.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that uc.283-plus lncRNA might have a role in pluripotency of stem cells and in the biology of glioma.
Eyelid and brow asymmetry in patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty
Authors: Macdonald Kristian I , Mendez Adrian I , Hart Robert D , Taylor S Mark
Published: October 2014

Introduction

In evaluation for blepharoplasty, patients often desire improved cosmesis and/or correction of visual field deficits. However, patients are usually unaware of eyelid or brow asymmetry. Furthermore, the prevalence of eyelid and brow asymmetry is infrequently reported in the medical literature.

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of brow and eyelid asymmetry in patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty were included in the study. Standard pre-operative photographs were taken of all patients using consistent background and photographic equipment. Two of the authors (KM & AM) independently recorded the margin pupil (MPD), central eyebrow (CED), nasal eyebrow (NED) and temporal eyebrow (TED) distances. To test the inter-observer reliability, the senior author (SMT) recorded the same measurements for 10% of randomly selected patients. We calculated 95% confidence intervals to compare symmetry between the right and left sides.

Results

One hundred patients (94 female, mean age 57.7) were included in the study. The average MPD, CED, NED and TED distances were 0.55  mm (95% CI 0.45-0.65), 1.77  mm (95% CI 1.47-2.07), 1.34  mm (95% CI 1.14-1.54), and 1.78  mm (95% CI 1.50-2.06), respectively. Ninety-three percent of patients had at least one asymmetric measurement of greater than 1  mm. Seventy-five percent of patients studied had at least one measurement greater than 2  mm while 37 percent had at least one greater than 3  mm.

Conclusion

Brow and eyelid asymmetry is common in patients being evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty. The facial plastic surgeon should identify and document facial asymmetry pre-operatively, and discuss it with prospective blepharoplasty patients. This will improve informed consent and patient expectations.
A finite-element-based domain-decomposition approach for plane wave 3D electromagnetic modeling
Authors: Ren Zhengyong , Kalscheuer Thomas , Greenhalgh Stewart , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: October 2014

We developed a novel parallel domain-decomposition approach for 3D large-scale electromagnetic induction modeling in the earth. We used the edge-based finite-element method and unstructured meshes. Unstructured meshes were divided into sets of nonoverlapping subdomains. We used the curl-curl electric field equation to carry out the analysis. In each subdomain, the electric field was discretized by first-order vector shape functions along the edges of tetrahedral elements. The tangential components of the magnetic field on the interfaces of the subdomains were defined as a set of Lagrange multipliers. The unknown Lagrange multipliers were solved from an interface problem defined on the interfaces of the subdomains. With the availability of the Lagrange multipliers, the electric field values in each subdomain were solved independently. Three synthetic examples were evaluated to verify our code. Excellent agreement with previously published solutions was obtained. Synthetic examples revealed that our domain decomposition technique is scalable with respect to the number of subdomains and robust with regard to frequency and the heterogeneous distribution of material parameters, i.e., electric conductivity, electric permittivity, and magnetic permeability.
Attenuation compensation for least-squares reverse time migration using the viscoacoustic-wave equation
Authors: Dutta Gaurav , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: October 2014

Strong subsurface attenuation leads to distortion of amplitudes and phases of seismic waves propagating inside the earth. Conventional acoustic reverse time migration (RTM) and least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) do not account for this distortion, which can lead to defocusing of migration images in highly attenuative geologic environments. To correct for this distortion, we used a linearized inversion method, denoted as [Formula: see text]-LSRTM. During the least-squares iterations, we used a linearized viscoacoustic modeling operator for forward modeling. The adjoint equations were derived using the adjoint-state method for back propagating the residual wavefields. The merit of this approach compared with conventional RTM and LSRTM was that [Formula: see text]-LSRTM compensated for the amplitude loss due to attenuation and could produce images with better balanced amplitudes and more resolution below highly attenuative layers. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data illustrated the advantages of [Formula: see text]-LSRTM over RTM and LSRTM when the recorded data had strong attenuation effects. Similar to standard LSRTM, the sensitivity tests for background velocity and [Formula: see text] errors revealed that the liability of this method is the requirement for smooth and accurate migration velocity and attenuation models.
Inversion of gravity data with isostatic constraints
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Green Chris , Stewart Matthew , De Lerma Davide
Published: October 2014

We have developed a simple iterative gravity-inversion approach to map the basement and Moho surfaces of a rift basin simultaneously. Gravity anomalies in rift basins commonly consist of interfering broad, positive crustal-thinning anomalies and narrow, negative sedimentary-basin anomalies. In our model, we assumed that the Moho and basement surfaces are in Airy isostatic equilibrium. An initial plane-layered model was iterated to fit the gravity data. We applied the process to a model in which the inverted basement and Moho surfaces matched the model surfaces well and to a gravity profile across the Kosti Basin in Sudan.
Teaching and learning the mental state exam in an integrated medical school. Part II: Student performance
Authors: Huline-Dickens Sarah , Heffernan Eithne , Bradley Paul , Coombes Lee
Published: October 2014

Aims and method

To investigate medical students' performance at and perceptions of the mental state examination (MSE) at a medical school with a modern integrated curriculum. We undertook an evaluative case study comprising a survey and analysis of performance data. The study is presented in two parts: part 2 reports the students' performance data as assessed by integrated structured clinical examination (ISCE).

Results

About a third of students (32.7%) thought that the MSE ISCE was more difficult than the non-MSE ISCE from the questionnaire data. The evidence from the ISCE performance data indicates that there are no significant differences between the scores of students in the MSE station and the non-MSE stations.

Clinical implications

Most studnets do not find the MSE ISCE station more difficult than other ISCE stations. Perhaps therefore students should be reassured that assessments in psychiatry are just like other assessments in medicine. For some students, however, performing at the MSE ISCE station is a more complex challenge.
The electronic cigarette: a knight in shining armour or a Trojan horse?
Authors: Schluger Neil W.
Published: October 2014

Electronic cigarettes have caused a sharp debate in the public health community, with some promoting them as a means of harm reduction for tobacco users and some taking a strong stand against them because of fear of renormalising smoking behaviour and interrupting tobacco control progress. People with mental health problems smoke at high rates and e-cigarettes seem a potentially attractive method of cessation in this population, and their use should be studied carefully.
Feces on the Philosophy of History!
Authors: Carpenter Bennett , Goldblatt Laura , Hanson Lenora , Vitale Anna , Wissa Karim , Yale Andrew
Published: October 2014

Through a series of theses about the current academic landscape, this manifesto rejects the naturalized assumption that such phenomena as administrative bloat, student debt, segregation, and privatization in higher education are an inexorable fact of involuntary market forces. In closing, the authors encourage readers to transform higher education through collective action.
“Moves” Toward Rhetorical Civility
Authors: Rood Craig
Published: October 2014

I theorize four civility moves—opening up, searching for sameness, examining differences, and listening deeply. Although I ultimately offer these as rhetorical strategies to be taught and practiced explicitly, I use them here as a framework for interpreting student writing that emerged from an assignment to produce a collaborative anthology of arguments.
Food for Critical Thought
Authors: Murray Sean
Published: October 2014

Margaret Atwood’s recent dystopian fiction depicts a troubled food system that calls into question our own patterns of production and consumption. These matters of food politics provide fertile ground for a pedagogy that is both critical and grounded in real-world pragmatics.
Literary Discipline in the Margins
Authors: Schreibersdorf Lisa
Published: October 2014

Survey responses suggest that students in introductory literature classes perceive a mismatch between what they believe is important to do in assignments and what they learn from comments on their papers. Survey questions focused on the relative importance of key concepts in literary study: accurate understanding, independent insight, and written expression.
Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation
Authors: McDonald Andrew G. , Hayes Jerrard M. , Bezak Tania , Gluchowska Sonia A. , Cosgrave Eoin F.J. , Struwe Weston B. , Stroop Corné J.M. , Kok Han , van de Laar Teun , Rudd Pauline M. , Tipton Keith F. , Davey Gavin P.
Published: October 2014

Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted novel control points for glycan branching. Galactosyltransferase, which occurs downstream of the glycan branching points, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. To further investigate the biological consequences for glycan branching of nascent protein we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of HCG activity. Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which may ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein.
MFN1 deacetylation activates adaptive mitochondrial fusion and protects metabolically challenged mitochondria
Authors: Lee Joo-Yong , Kapur Meghan , Li Ming , Choi Moon-Chang , Choi Sujin , Kim Hak-June , Kim Inhye , Lee Eunji , Taylor J. Paul , Yao Tso-Pang
Published: October 2014

Fasting and glucose shortage activate a metabolic switch that shifts more energy production to mitochondria. This metabolic adaptation ensures energy supply, but also elevates the risk of mitochondrial oxidative damage. Here we present evidence that metabolically challenged mitochondria undergo active fusion to suppress oxidative stress. In response to glucose starvation, mitofusin 1 (MFN1) becomes associated with the protein deacetylase HDAC6. This interaction leads to MFN1 deacetylation and activation, promoting mitochondrial fusion. Deficiency in HDAC6 or MFN1 prevents mitochondrial fusion induced by glucose deprivation. Unexpectedly, failure to undergo fusion does not acutely affect mitochondrial adaptive energy production; instead, it causes excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage, a defect suppressed by an acetylation-resistant MFN1 mutant. In mice subjected to fasting, skeletal muscle mitochondria undergo dramatic fusion. Remarkably, fasting-induced mitochondrial fusion is abrogated in HDAC6 knockout mice, resulting in extensive mitochondrial degeneration. These findings show that adaptive mitochondrial fusion protects metabolically challenged mitochondria.
Gluing the ‘unwettable’: soil-dwelling harvestmen use viscoelastic fluids for capturing springtails
Authors: Wolff Jonas O. , Schönhofer Axel L. , Schaber Clemens F. , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: October 2014

Gluing can be a highly efficient mechanism of prey capture, as it should require less complex sensory–muscular feedback. Whereas it is well known in insects, this mechanism is much less studied in arachnids, except spiders. Soil-dwelling harvestmen (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae) bear drumstick-like glandular hairs (clavate setae) at their pedipalps, which were previously hypothesized to be sticky and used in prey capture. However, clear evidence for this was lacking to date. Using high-speed videography, we found that the harvestman Mitostoma chrysomelas was able to capture fast-moving springtails (Collembola) just by a slight touch of the pedipalp. Adhesion of single clavate setae increased proportionally with pull-off velocity, from 1 μN at 1 μm s−1 up to 7 μN at 1 mm s−1, which corresponds to the typical weight of springtails. Stretched glue droplets exhibited characteristics of a viscoelastic fluid forming beads-on-a-string morphology over time, similar to spider capture threads and the sticky tentacles of carnivorous plants. These analogies indicate that viscoelasticity is a highly efficient mechanism for prey capture, as it holds stronger the faster the struggling prey moves. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy of snap-frozen harvestmen with glued springtails revealed that the gluey secretions have a high affinity to wet the microstructured cuticle of collembolans, which was previously reported to be barely wettable for both polar and non-polar liquids. Glue droplets can be contaminated with the detached scaly setae of collembolans, which may represent a counter-adaptation against entrapment by the glue, similar to the scaly surfaces of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera (Insecta) facilitating escape from spider webs.
Dynamic MR urography in children with uropathic disease with a combined 2D and 3D acquisition protocol—comparison with MAG3 scintigraphy
Authors: Boss A , Martirosian P , Fuchs J , Obermayer F , Tsiflikas I , Schick F , Schäfer J F
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate combined two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) dynamic MR urography with respiratory compensation in children with anomalies of the genitourinary tract, allowing for computation of split renal function and assessment of urinary tract obstruction.

Methods:

Dynamic MR urography was performed in 53 children (3 months–16 years of age) with anomalies of the urinary tract. A protocol for dynamic MR urography and nephrography was implemented at 1.5 T using a navigator-triggered 2D TurboFLASH sequence. Split renal function and contrast-medium excretion were assessed after the bolus injection of 0.05 mmol kg−1 body weight of gadolinium dimeglumine. In the excretory phase, a 3D gradient-echo data set with high spatial resolution was acquired. In all patients, mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) scintigraphy was obtained as a reference standard.

Results:

In all children, dynamic MR nephrography and urography could be performed with excellent compensation of breathing artefacts providing region of interest analysis in nearly identical kidney positions. The assessment of contrast-medium excretion into the ureter allowed for discrimination of functional from non-functional stenosis. Split renal function assessed by MRI showed an excellent agreement with the MAG3 reference standard with a correlation coefficient r = 0.95. Additionally recorded 3D data sets offered good depiction of anatomical anomalies in all patients.

Conclusion:

The proposed protocol provides a robust technique for assessment of ureteral obstruction and split renal function with compensation of breathing artefacts, short post-processing time and excellent 3D spatial resolution.

Advances in knowledge:

The combined protocol of 2D and 3D MR urography is an efficient technique for assessment of renal morphology and function.
Mesenteric panniculitis: prevalence, clinicoradiological presentation and 5-year follow-up
Authors: van Putte-Katier N , van Bommel E F H , Elgersma O E , Hendriksz T R
Published: October 2014

Objective:

To determine prevalence, clinicoradiological characteristics and outcome of patients with mesenteric panniculitis (MP) in a large hospital-based population.

Methods:

Consecutive abdominal CT examinations of 3820 patients were evaluated for MP. Clinical characteristics, therapy and outcome of patients with MP were evaluated during a 5-year follow-up period. A matched pair analysis was performed to further investigate the relation between MP and malignancy.

Results:

94 (2.5%) patients with MP were identified (mean age, 66.6 ± 11.2 years, 70.2% male). MP coexisted with malignancy (especially prostatic carcinoma) in 48.9% of patients, and this was slightly but significantly higher than in age- and sex-matched control patients (n = 188, 46.3%). In 48 patients, MP was presumed to be idiopathic. The most frequent presenting symptom was pain (54.3%). Laboratory findings revealed increased acute-phase reactants in half of the patients with MP. CT findings included increased density of mesenterial fat (mean, −56.8 ± 10.8 HU), fat ring sign, tumoural pseudocapsule and small soft-tissue nodules. Patients with MP (14.6%) developed significantly more malignancies during a 5-year follow-up than did the control group (6.9%). One patient was treated with prednisone without satisfactory response.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of MP in this study was 2.5%. In most patients, radiologic features included increased mesenteric fat density, fat ring sign and small soft-tissue nodules. MP was associated with a significant higher prevalence of coexisting malignancies and a higher prevalence of future cancer development.

Advances in knowledge:

A more accurate prevalence of MP on CT is demonstrated. An underlying malignancy may play a role.
Suitability of L- and U-Curve Methods for Calculating Reasonable Adsorption Energy Distributions from Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms
Authors: Arnrich Steffen , Bräuer Peter , Klauck Mandy , Kalies Grit
Published: October 2014

Adsorption energy distributions (AEDs) can be calculated from measured adsorption isotherms by numerical methods upon regularization of the adsorption integral equation. The regularization solves the ‘ill-posed problem’ of the adsorption integral equation. In this paper, the so-called U- and L-curve methods and the modified U-curve method for estimating the optimal regularization parameter are tested with synthetic nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The isotherms are calculated from AEDs with one (minimum) to five (maximum) peaks using a simple gas adsorption model. To verify the U- and L-curve methods, the originally generated AED functions with different number of peaks are compared with those obtained back from the synthetic isotherms using the INTEG regularization method. The results show that the L-curve method is superior to the U-curve methods for finding the optimal regularization parameter.
How to Become an Innovative Company: A Case Study
Authors: Silva Alberto
Published: October 2014

A case study of a large food and beverage corporation is presented to show why and how this company changed from very conservative to very innovative. As a result of the study a company innovation development model is suggested, based on resources and capabilities to change and innovate, market orientation, leadership, free exchange of ideas, a climate favorable to change and innovation, and research and development projects.
Περιεχόμενα
Authors: Eranistes Eranistes
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Άγνωστες εκδόσεις του 16ου αιώνα
Authors: Πατρινέλης Χ. Γ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Γράμμα του πατριάρχη Παρθενίου Α΄ στο βασιλιά της Γαλλίας Λουδοβίκο ΙΔ΄. Επίλυση χρονολογικών και άλλων προβλημάτων
Authors: Μανούσακας Μ. Ι.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
“Αόρατος πόλεμος” (1796), “Γυμνάσματα πνευματικά” (1800). Η πατρότητα των «μεταφράσεων» του Νικόδημου Αγιορείτη
Authors: Φραγκίσκος Εμμ. Ν.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Επιστολές Κοραή προς Thiersch
Authors: Στασινοπούλου Μαρία Α.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
An unpublished letter of Korais
Authors: Koster D.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Μεταφραστικές δοκιμές και προϋποθέσεις στα όρια του Νεοελληνικού Διαφωτισμού
Authors: Πάτσιου Βίκυ
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Η αλληλογραφία του Θεόφιλου Καΐρη με την αδελφή του Ευανθία
Authors: Πολέμης Δημήτριος Ι.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Αρχειακές έρευνες για τον Ανδρέα Λασκαράτο. Τα τέσσερα τελευταία τεύχη του “Λύχνου” (1894, 1896)
Authors: Αλισανδράτος Γιώργος Γ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Τέσσερις αβιβλιογράφητες μεταφράσεις (16ος-18ος αι.)
Authors: Σφοίνη Αλεξάνδρα
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ένα μαθηματάριο «Μεταφυσικής» του Αθανασίου Ψαλίδα
Authors: Νούτσος Παναγιώτης
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Άγνωστο μουσικό έντυπο του 1830
Authors: Χατζηγιακουμής Μανόλης Κ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Η αυτοβιογραφική επιγραφή του Νικόδημου Β΄ Μεταξά στα Μεταξάτα της Κεφαλονιάς (1642)
Authors: Αλισανδράτος Γ. Γ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Leonardos Kapetanakis corrispondente di Beccaria e di Frisi
Authors: Di Salvo Ines
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Le philhellénisme en France: partitions de musique
Authors: Amandry Angélique
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Κριτική βιβλιογραφία του «Κρητικού Θεάτρου» (1965-1979)
Authors: Κακλαμάνης Στέφανος Ε.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ο αλφαβητισμός στην Πρέβεζα κατά τον 18ο αιώνα (1742-1784)
Authors: Σταμούλη Ρόδη
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Βιοτεχνίες βαφής στην Αγιά και αγορές πρώτης ύλης (1780-1800)
Authors: Σταματογιαννοπούλου Μαρία
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Δύο μεταφράσεις του Ανδρέα Λασκαράτου στο κερκυραϊκό Almanacco per l'anno 1831
Authors: Ανεμούδη–Αρζόγλου Κρίστα
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Βιβλιογραφικά τεκμήρια
Authors: Πολίτης Αλέξης
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ευρετήριο
Authors: Eranistes Eranistes
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Πρωτοσέλιδα
Authors: Eranistes Eranistes
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνική Βιβλιογραφία 1800-1863. Προσθήκες – Συμπληρώσεις
Authors: Παπαχριστοπούλου Λέλια
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Χαρακτηριστικές όψεις του εξωτερικού εμπορίου της Κρήτης (τέλος 18ου και αρχές 19ου αιώνα)
Authors: Κρεμμυδάς Βασίλης
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Η «Πρόοδος» του Σοφιανόπουλου
Authors: Λάππας Κώστας
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Χρονικά
Authors: Eranistes Eranistes
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνική Βιβλιογραφία 1800-1863. Άγνωστα μονόφυλλα
Authors: Πολέμης Δημήτριος Ι.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Οι παλιές εκδόσεις της «Θυσίας του Αβραάμ»
Authors: Bakker W. F.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνικά βιβλία στη Βουλγαρία
Authors: Ηλιού Φίλιππος
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ειδήσεις για την κίνηση του ελληνικού βιβλίου στις αρχές του 18ου αιώνα
Authors: Λιάτα Ευτυχία
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνικά διαβήματα στον Βοναπάρτη. Η περίπτωση του Γεωργίου Παλατίνου
Authors: Κατσιαρδή Όλγα
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ο κώδικας της Εκκλησίας του Αγίου Αχιλλείου. Ειδήσεις για τα σχολεία της Λάρισας στον 19ο αιώνα
Authors: Κόντη Βούλα
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνική Βιβλιογραφία 1800-1863. Άγνωστα έντυπα στο Ιστορικό Αρχείο της Εθνικής Τράπεζας
Authors: Λιάτα Ευτυχία Δ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Claire , Regan Martin
Published: October 2014

Claire Regan and Martin Regan present an ECG for you to analyse
Total artificial hearts: an overview of post-implantation nursing care for recipients
Authors: Brodie Lyndell , Winyard Lucy
Published: October 2014

Heart failure affects more than 750 000 people in the UK ( British Heart Foundation, 2014 ). For many years, heart transplantation has been the definitive end-stage treatment once medical therapy no longer provides adequate symptom management and acceptable quality of life for people experiencing heart failure. The scarcity of donor organs means heart transplantation is not always immediately available so, for those patients with biventricular failure, the options for improving quality and longevity of life are limited. However, an alternative is now available in the form of the total artificial heart (TAH). This article provides an understanding of the history and available models of the TAH, the recipient selection criteria and how TAHs actually function. As the only TAH currently commercially in use in the UK, Australia and the USA, the implantation and nursing care of the SynCardia TAH recipient in both the intensive care unit and ward setting will then be discussed, with consideration given to discharging patients home with a TAH in situ.
Rate versus rhythm control in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Moss Angela
Published: October 2014

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is growing and is accompanied by additional health-care burdens, with advances in cardiovascular care, increasing age and lifestyle factors contributing. Arrhythmia management is not always straightforward. While rate control involves less invasive procedures and uses typically fewer toxic drugs, this does not treat the rhythm abnormality and consequential remodelling. Rhythm control may be preferred, often dependent on symptoms and lifestyle impact. Anticoagulation is required where stroke risk stratification dictates but can be stopped inappropriately, resulting in potential thromboembolic complications. Exploring the debate over rate vs rhythm control has encouraged a critical review of the evidence while appreciating the influence practical experiences can have. This article provides a critique of the evidence and contemporary literature with a synthesis incorporating local practice and experience. A reasoned argument will be presented while combining legal, ethical and professional aspects of decision making and care delivery.
Heart Rhythm Congress: uniting nurses and patients
Authors: Linker Nick
Published: October 2014

Nick Linker outlines what delegates at the 2014 Heart Rhythm Congress, taking place in Birmingham, should be looking forward to
Mastering the art of lip rejuvenation: identifying patterns and techniques
Authors: Fletcher Leslie
Published: October 2014

Dermal fillers can correct age-related perioral volume loss, augment lips that are ‘caving in’ and add definition to thinning lips. In this article, the author will review factors associated with lip ageing, outline ideal lip proportions and introduce a variety of techniques to enhance lip shape. The author will aim to educate aesthetic nurses on the unique intricacies of artistic lip enhancement with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. After reading this article, it is hoped that practitioners will be able to identify different lip patterns and distinguish different injection techniques to produce different aesthetic outcomes.
Expressive writing interventions for individuals with appearance concerns
Authors: Pilkington Melissa
Published: October 2014

Individuals with a negative body image often present with low self-esteem and psychological distress. Supported by Pennebaker and Beall's (1986) paradigm, expressive writing can offer an effective, low-cost intervention for many patients, as it requires no face-to-face contact with a therapist. Melissa Pilkington discusses the health benefits associated with this therapy for those with appearance concerns
Interpreting clinical papers: a guide to understanding research and data
Authors: Cartwright Annie
Published: October 2014

One of the greatest challenges to all practitioners working in modern healthcare is simply keeping ahead of the tsunami of information that threatens to bury them under a mountain of paper—or perhaps the modern equivalent, an electronic reading list that only ever increases in length. In an article written in the 1990s, Sackett et al estimated then that the required reading for a doctor working in general medicine was equivalent to 19 articles per day, 365 days a year ( Sackett et al 1996 ). In 2014, the advent of the internet has vastly increased the potential information overload. This article discusses the transition from ‘eminence-based medicine’ to ‘evidence-based medicine’, outlines the six levels of the hierarchy of evidence and educates aesthetic nurses on interpreting clinical research papers.
‘It all started with laser hair removal, and I have been progressing ever since’
Authors: Barton Cheryl , Griffiths Sally
Published: October 2014

In the field of medical aesthetics, it is common for nurses to work in isolation and meet only at annual conferences and association meetings. To get to know your peers, the Journal of Aesthetic Nursing's consultant editor Cheryl Barton has undertaken a series of ten interviews with both new and experienced aesthetic nurses, exploring their lives in and out of the clinic. This interview is with Sally Griffiths
What to consider when introducing new products and treatments to your clinic
Authors: Deakin Barbara
Published: October 2014

Offering your clients new products and treatments is a great way to increase your revenue and attract new business. Barbara Deakin offers her top tips on assessing your existing treatment portfolio, evaluating whether a product or procedure is right for your clinic, and considering your resources. She will also cover issues relating to cost-effectiveness, training and product research
The voice of aesthetic nursing hit the nationals, but the true message was lost
Authors: Collier Helena
Published: October 2014

When the national press published a news story based on a paper discussing injecting young people with botulinum toxin in the Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, the whole world took note. Helena Collier discusses how the coverage of her paper advanced the profession of aesthetic nursing in the UK and beyond, and highlights the real clinical message she wanted to get across to practitioners
Testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Thomas Susan
Published: October 2014

Susan Thomas explains how practice nurses can use the Simon Broome register to diagnose a case of familial hypercholesterolaemia and its severity