bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Crying in Psychotherapy: Who Cries and Why?
Authors: Capps Kristen L. , Fiori Katherine , Mullin Anthony S. J. , Hilsenroth Mark J.
Published: December 2013

Aim

The aim of the present study is to further the understanding of who cries in therapy and the relation of technique with crying behaviour in therapy.

Method

Psychological assessment feedback sessions, prior to the initiation of formal therapy for 52 patients beginning psychotherapy at a university‐based clinic were coded for discrete crying segments. Data about patient characteristics and the process of the session were collected at the time of the session. Therapist's interventions were recorded verbatim and independently rated.

Results

The number of times a patient cried during their session correlated negatively with global assessment of functioning scores and positively with measures of borderline personality disorder pathology as well as a measure of severity of childhood sexual abuse. Patients' crying behaviour demonstrated significant negative correlations with the overall experience of the session (bad/good), smoothness and positivity. Group differences between criers and non‐criers reflected these trends as well. No significant correlations or group differences were found with regard to patient‐rated or therapist‐rated alliance as it relates to crying behaviour. Analysis indicates that therapist intervention prior to patient crying most often encouraged the exploration and expression of difficult affect, new perspectives on key issues or the patient's fantasies and wishes.

Discussion

Our study addresses a significant gap in the clinical literature on crying. Crying behaviour seems to be related to certain clinical variables and has a negative impact on patient experience of the session in which they cry, although the alliance remained unaffected.

Limitations

Small sample, outpatients with mild/moderate psychopathology and graduate trainees provided therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Patients with greater problems in emotional dysregulation, borderline personality disorder symptoms and greater severity of childhood sexual abuse are more likely to display greater affective intensity during the beginning of treatment.

Results suggest that the alliance may remain strong despite patients experiencing a session in which they cried as difficult.

Therapeutic interventions that focus on affect, new understanding of old patterns and patient fantasies with outpatient clinical populations appeared to be associated with crying in session.
Ionic Liquid with a Dual‐Redox Couple for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chu Te‐Chun , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Lee Chuan‐Pei , Hsu Chih‐Yu , Shih Pei‐Chieh , Lin Ray , Li Sie‐Rong , Sun Shin‐Sheng , Lin Jiann T. , Vittal R. , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: December 2013

A new type of ionic liquid that contains a nitroxide radical (NO.) and iodide as two redox couples, JC‐IL, has been successfully synthesized for high‐performance dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Both of the redox couples exhibit distinct redox potentials and attractive electrochemical characteristics. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of JC‐IL shows a low‐intensity peak compared to the strong absorption of I2 in the wavelength region of 350–500 nm. The high open‐circuit voltage of DSSCs with JC‐IL is over 850 mV, which is approximately 150 mV higher than that of the DSSCs with a standard iodide electrolyte. The dramatic increase in the standard heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate constant leads to an increase in the short‐circuit current for JC‐IL compared to that of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO). DSSCs with the JC‐IL electrolyte show promising cell efficiencies if coupled with dyes CR147 (8.12 %) or D149 (6.76 %). The efficiencies of the DSSCs based on the JC‐IL electrolyte are higher than those of DSSCs based on either TEMPO electrolyte or standard iodide electrolyte alone.
Quantifying habitat impacts of natural gas infrastructure to facilitate biodiversity offsetting
Authors: Jones Isabel L. , Bull Joseph W. , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor J. , Esipov Alexander V. , Suttle Kenwyn B.
Published: December 2013

Habitat degradation through anthropogenic development is a key driver of biodiversity loss. One way to compensate losses is “biodiversity offsetting” (wherein biodiversity impacted is “replaced” through restoration elsewhere). A challenge in implementing offsets, which has received scant attention in the literature, is the accurate determination of residual biodiversity losses. We explore this challenge for offsetting gas extraction in theUstyurtPlateau,Uzbekistan. Our goal was to determine the landscape extent of habitat impacts, particularly how the footprint of “linear” infrastructure (i.e. roads, pipelines), often disregarded in compensation calculations, compares with “hub” infrastructure (i.e. extraction facilities). We measured vegetation cover and plant species richness using the line‐intercept method, along transects running from infrastructure/control sites outward for 500 m, accounting for wind direction to identify dust deposition impacts. Findings from 24 transects were extrapolated to the broader plateau by mapping total landscape infrastructure network usingGPSdata and satellite imagery. Vegetation cover and species richness were significantly lower at development sites than controls. These differences disappeared within 25 m of the edge of the area physically occupied by infrastructure. The current habitat footprint of gas infrastructure is 220 ± 19 km2across theUstyurt (total ~ 100,000 km2), 37 ± 6% of which is linear infrastructure. Vegetation impacts diminish rapidly with increasing distance from infrastructure, and localized dust deposition does not conspicuously extend the disturbance footprint. Habitat losses from gas extraction infrastructure cover 0.2% of the study area, but this reflects directly eliminated vegetation only. Impacts upon fauna pose a more difficult determination, as these require accounting for behavioral and demographic responses to disturbance by elusive mammals, including threatened species. This study demonstrates that impacts of linear infrastructure in regions such as theUstyurt should be accounted for not just with respect to development sites but also associated transportation and delivery routes.
A meta‐analysis of declines in local species richness from human disturbances
Authors: Murphy Grace E. P. , Romanuk Tamara N.
Published: December 2013

There is high uncertainty surrounding the magnitude of current and future biodiversity loss that is occurring due to human disturbances. Here, we present a global meta‐analysis of experimental and observational studies that report 327 measures of change in species richness between disturbed and undisturbed habitats across both terrestrial and aquatic biomes. On average, human‐mediated disturbances lead to an 18.3% decline in species richness. Declines in species richness were highest for endotherms (33.2%), followed by producers (25.1%), and ectotherms (10.5%). Land‐use change and species invasions had the largest impact on species richness resulting in a 24.8% and 23.7% decline, respectively, followed by habitat loss (14%), nutrient addition (8.2%), and increases in temperature (3.6%). Across all disturbances, declines in species richness were greater for terrestrial biomes (22.4%) than aquatic biomes (5.9%). In the tropics, habitat loss and land‐use change had the largest impact on species richness, whereas in the boreal forest and Northern temperate forests, species invasions had the largest impact on species richness. Along with revealing trends in changes in species richness for different disturbances, biomes, and taxa, our results also identify critical knowledge gaps for predicting the effects of human disturbance on Earth's biomes.
Plant diversity effects on the water balance of an experimental grassland
Authors: Leimer Sophia , Kreutziger Yvonne , Rosenkranz Stephan , Beßler Holger , Engels Christof , Hildebrandt Anke , Oelmann Yvonne , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wirth Christian , Wilcke Wolfgang
Published: December 2013

In the literature, contrasting effects of plant species richness on the soil water balance are reported. Our objective was to assess the effects of plant species and functional richness and functional identity on soil water contents and water fluxes in the experimental grassland of the Jena Experiment. The Jena Experiment comprises 86 plots on which plant species richness (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 60) and functional group composition (zero to four functional groups: legumes, grasses, tall herbs, and small herbs) were manipulated in a factorial design. We recorded meteorological data and soil water contents of the 0·0–0·3 and 0·3–0·7 m soil layers and calculated actual evapotranspiration (ETa), downward flux (DF), and capillary rise with a soil water balance model for the period 2003–2007. Missing water contents were estimated with a Bayesian hierarchical model. Species richness decreased water contents in subsoil during wet soil conditions. Presence of tall herbs increased soil water contents in topsoil during dry conditions and decreased soil water contents in subsoil during wet conditions. Presence of grasses generally decreased water contents in topsoil, particularly during dry phases; increased ETa and decreased DF from topsoil; and decreased ETa from subsoil. Presence of legumes, in contrast, decreased ETa and increased DF from topsoil and increased ETa from subsoil. Species richness probably resulted in complementary water use. Specific functional groups likely affected the water balance via specific root traits (e.g. shallow dense roots of grasses and deep taproots of tall herbs) or specific shading intensity caused by functional group effects on vegetation cover. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercalation of Diverse Organic Guests into Layered Europium Hydroxides – Structural Tuning and Photoluminescence Behavior
Authors: Gu Qingyang , Chu Nankai , Pan Guohua , Sun Genban , Ma Shulan , Yang Xiaojing
Published: December 2013

Organic anions of two benzenepolycarboxylic acids [1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTA) and 2,2′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA)], two pyridinecarboxylic acids [quinolinic acid (QA) and 2,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA)], and two amino acids [phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr)] were intercalated into the galleries of NO3–‐type layered europium hydroxide (NO3–LEuH). All the prepared products displayed XRD patterns with series of diffractions due to layered materials. The composite structures and the arrangement of the guests in the galleries were investigated in detail. The structure of the organic guests (such as the number and position of carboxyl groups) affects the arrangement in the interlayer. SEM observations showed that the NO3–LEuH precursor and its intercalates crystallize in a columnar or layered stacking structure composed of hexagonal thin platelets. The luminescence study indicated that all samples display the typical red emission of Eu3+. Efficient energy transfer between intercalated BTA/BDA anions and Eu3+ centers takes place, markedly enhancing the Eu3+ luminescence, whereas QA–LEuH and PDA–LEuH with pyridinedicarboxylic acid anions show no obvious change in luminescence intensity. When amino acid anions such as Phe and Tyr were introduced into the interlayer, the Eu3+ emission was strongly quenched. The simple soft chemical method can open great opportunities for developing organic–inorganic multifunctional luminescent materials or biological probes for detecting certain amino acids.
Photosensitive Metal(II) Perchlorates with 1,2‐Bis[5‐(1‐methylhydrazinyl)tetrazol‐1‐yl]ethane as Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization and Laser Ignition
Authors: Joas Manuel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Szimhardt Norbert
Published: December 2013

The synthesis and characterization (including NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and sensitivity measurements) of 1,2‐bis[5‐(1‐methylhydrazinyl)tetrazol‐1‐yl]ethane (1) and its corresponding metal [Cu2+(2), Co2+(3), Ni2+(4)] complexes is presented. The crystal structure of the copper(II) complex was determined and infrared spectra of all three coordination compounds were recorded. Furthermore, the behaviour of the metal(II) complexes towards single‐pulsed laser irradiation was investigated and it was shown that all three perchlorate complexes detonated after initiation by monopulsed laser light. The initiation mechanism seems to be of thermal nature.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of the Proposed Structure of Piperazirum, Its Stereoisomers and Analogues
Authors: Sudhakar Gangarajula , Bayya Shruthi , Reddy Karla Janardhan , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Sharma Komal , Bathula Surendar Reddy
Published: December 2013

Piperazirum, a new biologically active alkaloid isolated from Arum palaestinum Bioss, is described, starting from commercially available α‐amino acids. Two synthetic strategies were developed for the synthesis of the enantiomeric pair of compounds corresponding to the proposed structure of piperazirum. The first strategy was used in the synthesis of stereoisomers, and the second one was used in generating the analogues. The compounds synthesized were screened against different cell lines to evaluate their cytotoxicity profiles.
Synthesis of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tri‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinides
Authors: Sinisi Valentina , Boronová Katarína , Colomban Silvia , Navarini Luciano , Berti Federico , Forzato Cristina
Published: December 2013

Tri‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinide was synthesized and fully characterized by a direct synthesis from quinic acid and a large excess of 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride. Mono‐ and di‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinides were also obtained from the direct coupling of 1,5‐γ‐quinide and 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride in different molar ratios. Moreover, a hypothetical mechanism of the direct lactonization is proposed.
Tasks and challenges of geochemical monitoring
Authors: May Franz , Waldmann Svenja
Published: December 2013

A variety of monitoring tools are available for the various purposes of supervision and verification of underground geological CO2 storage. Geophysical tools can provide an indirect indication of the migration of substances in the subsurface or leakage through overburden. Geochemical techniques have to be applied though for verification of the nature of substances involved. Chemical species may be indicators for storage processes. Some can be harmful to the environment outside of the storage complex and thus appropriate monitoring of affected or endangered environments may be required. Natural CO2 reservoirs, CO2‐rich groundwater, and saline springs can be used to study fluid transport processes that could be similar to the migration and leakage associated with underground CO2 storage. Natural sites have been used for testing monitoring tools and learning about natural background variations. Experience gained from natural analogs and from pilot CO2 storage monitoring reveals the potential and limitations of chemical monitoring methods. Based on these experiences, the use of baseline functions and different thresholds are recommended in order to optimize detection and quantification of geochemical deviations from variable backgrounds. Chemical monitoring tools have to be incorporated into comprehensive concepts for CO2 storage monitoring. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repetitive noxious neonatal stimuli increases dentate gyrus cell proliferation and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels
Authors: Malheiros J.M. , Lima M. , Avanzi R.D.T. , Gomes da Silva S. , Suchecki D. , Guinsburg R , Covolan L.
Published: December 2013

Neonatal noxious stimulation has been proposed to model pain triggered by diagnostic/therapeutic invasive procedures in premature infants. Previous studies have shown that hippocampal neurogenesis rate and the behavioral repertoire of adult rats may be altered by neonatal noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether noxious stimulation during neonatal period alters the nociceptive response and dentate gyrus neurogenesis when compared to rats subjected to a single noxious stimulus in late infancy. Plasma corticosterone and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was evaluated in adolescent rats (postnatal day 40; P40) exposed twice to intra‐plantar injections of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on P1 and P21 (group P1P21) or P8 and P21 (P8P21) or exposed once on P21 (pubertal). On P21, one subset of animals received 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and was euthanized on P40 for identification of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus. Another subset was sampled for thermal response or plasma corticosterone measurement and hippocampal BDNF levels. Proliferative cell rate in dentate gyrus was the highest in all re‐exposed groups (P < 0.001), except for P8 females (P8P21F), revealing also a sex difference, where P8P21 males showed higher rate than females (P < 0.001). Stimulated groups took longer than CTL animals to lick the paws (P < 0.001), regardless of the age when the noxious stimulus was applied. Re‐exposed groups had lower corticosterone plasma level (P1P21 M and F, P8P21M) than controls. On the contrary, hippocampal BDNF was increased in males from both re‐exposed groups. These results show that infant noxious stimulation in neonatally previously stimulated rats is related to high proliferation in the DG and this association seems to be modified by the animal's sex. The new generated dentate granule cells in the hippocampus may have a role in the long‐term behavioral responses to neonatal nociceptive stimulation. Noxious stimulation in the neonatal period results in sex‐dependent neurogenic response. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins related to organophosphorus‐induced delayed neuropathy in the brains of hens
Authors: Jiang Ying , Liu Xiaohui , Li Shuangyue , Zhang Yanning , Piao Fengyuan , Sun Xiance
Published: December 2013

Some organophosphorus compounds can cause organophosphate‐induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). Incidents have been documented for decades, however, little is known about which proteins contribute to the initiation, progression and development of OPIDN. In this study, 51 hens were divided into three groups. The tri‐ortho‐cresyl‐phosphate (TOCP) group was treated with 1000 mg kg–1 TOCP whereas the control group was treated with an equivalent volume of vehicle. The PMSF + TOCP group was treated subcutaneously with 40 mg kg–1 phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), followed by 1000 mg kg–1 TOCP 24 h later. Proteins in the brains of hens were separated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on day 5 after TOCP administration. Mass spectrometry identified eight differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins, downregulated expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the brains of hens after TOCP treatment was further confirmed by real time RT‐PCR and ELISA. Moreover, the brains of hens exposed to TOCP exhibited increased levels of glutamate (Glu) and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and a decreased level of glutamine (Gln). However, there were no significant differences in GS expression or levels of Glu, Gln, and [Ca2+]i in the brains of hens among the groups on day 21 after TOCP administration. These results indicate that TOCP exposure downregulates GS expression in the brains of hens, and that downregulation of GS is accompanied by increased levels of Glu and [Ca2+]i in the early stage after TOCP administration. It is also suggested that the downregulated expression of GS might be associated with OPIDN through the disruption of homeostasis of the Glu–Gln cycle and [Ca2+]i. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of endocytic uptake in transfection efficiency of solid lipid nanoparticles‐based nonviral vectors
Authors: Ruiz de Garibay Aritz Perez , Solinís Aspiazu María Ángeles , Rodríguez Gascón Alicia , Ganjian Haleh , Fuchs Renate
Published: December 2013

Background

As has been shown for different vector systems, the entry pathway(s) impacts upon the transfection efficiency. The present study aimed to explore the cellular uptake mechanisms of three different vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in HeLa cells. The use of endocytosis inhibitors that affect specific internalization pathways provides a tool for the study of these routes.

Methods

We prepared three vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles: without protamine, with protamine, and with protamine and dextran. Uptake, percentage of transfected HeLa cells and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) production were all analyzed in the presence or absence of different endocytosis inhibitors. In addition, co‐localization studies using lysosomal markers were carried out to determine the influence of the trafficking to late endosomal compartments on the transfection capacity of the vectors.

Results

Uptake and transfection of each vector was affected differently by each endocytosis inhibitor. Ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) did not affect uptake of the DNA‐SLN vector, whereas all of the inhibitors affected transfection. In the case of protamine‐DNA‐SLN and dextran‐protamine‐DNA‐SLN vectors, EIPA affected uptake and dynasore did not decrease transfection.

Conclusions

DNA‐SLN vector appear to enter productively by multiple pathways in HeLa cells. By contrast, dynamin does not appear to be essential in the productive entry of protamine‐containing vectors. In addition, enhancement of the macropinocytic route increases EGFP production when dextran is added to the vector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated PET/MR
Authors: Quick Harald H.
Published: December 2013

Integrated whole‐body PET/MR hybrid imaging combines excellent soft tissue contrast and various functional imaging parameters provided by MR with high sensitivity and quantification of radiotracer metabolism provided by positron emission tomography (PET). While clinical evaluation now is under way, integrated PET/MR demands for new technologies and innovative solutions, currently subject to interdisciplinary research. Attenuation correction of human soft tissues and of hardware components has to be MR‐based to maintain quantification of PET imaging because computed tomography (CT) attenuation information is missing. This brings up the question of how to provide bone information with MR imaging. The limited field‐of‐view in MR imaging leads to truncations in body imaging and MR‐based attenuation correction. Another research field is the implementation of motion correction technologies to correct for breathing and cardiac motion in view of the relatively long PET data acquisition times. Initial clinical applications of integrated PET/MR in oncology, neurology, pediatric oncology, and cardiovascular disease are highlighted. The hybrid imaging workflow here has to be tailored to the clinical indication to maximize diagnostic information while minimizing acquisition time. PET/MR introduces new artifacts that need special observation and innovative solutions for correction. Finally, the rising need for appropriate phantoms and standardization efforts in PET/MR hybrid imaging is discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:243–258. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of normal regional myocardial function by MRI cardiac tagging
Authors: Del‐Canto Irene , López‐Lereu María P. , Monmeneu José V. , Croisille Pierre , Clarysse Patrick , Chorro Francisco J. , Bodí Vicente , Moratal David
Published: December 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to establish reference values for segmental myocardial strain measured by magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac tagging in order to characterize the regional function of the heart.

Material and Methods

We characterized the left ventricular (LV) systolic deformation in 39 subjects (26 women and 13 men, age 58.8 ± 11.6 years) whose cardiological study had not revealed any significant abnormality. The deformation was measured from MR‐tagged (Siemens 1.5T MR) images using an algorithm based on sine wave modeling. Circumferential and radial peak systolic strain values along with the torsion angle and circumferential‐longitudinal (CL) shear were determined in 16 LV segments in order to settle the reference values for these parameters.

Results

Circumferential strain was highest at the anterior and lateral walls (−20.2 ± 4.0% and −21.8 ± 4.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and was lowest at the base level (−17.2 ± 3.1% vs. −20.1 ± 3.1% “mid level,” P < 0.05; −17.2 ± 3.1% vs. −20.3 ± 3.0% “apical level,” P < 0.05). Radial strain highest values were from inferior and lateral walls (13.7 ± 7.4% and 12.8 ± 7.8%, respectively; P < 0.05) and it was lowest medially (9.4 ± 4.1% vs. 13.1 ± 4.1% “base level,” P < 0.05; 9.4 ± 4.1% vs. 12.1 ± 4.4% “apical level,” P < 0.05). Torsion angle (counterclockwise when viewed from the apex) increased with the distance from the base (7.9 ± 2.4° vs. 16.8 ± 4.4°, P < 0.05), and the highest and lowest values were found at lateral (medial lateral: 12.0 ± 4.4°, apical lateral: 25.1 ± 6.4°, P < 0.05) and septal wall (medial septal: 3.6 ± 2.1°, apical septal: 8.3 ± 5.3°, P < 0.05), respectively. These differences were found again in CL shear values, around the LV circumference. However, CL shear remained constant with increasing distance from the base (9.1 ± 2.6°, medium and 9.8 ± 2.4°, apex).

Conclusion

In summary, this study provides reference values for the assessment of regional myocardial function by MR cardiac tagging. Comparison of patient deformation parameters with normal deformation patterns may permit early detection of regional systolic dysfunction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:83–92. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mind, Machine, and Creativity: An Artist's Perspective
Authors: Sundararajan Louise
Published: December 2013

Harold Cohen is a renowned painter who has developed a computer program, AARON, to create art. While AARON has been hailed as one of the most creative AI programs, Cohen consistently rejects the claims of machine creativity. Questioning the possibility for AI to model human creativity, Cohen suggests in so many words that the human mind takes a different route to creativity, a route that privileges the relational, rather than the computational, dimension of cognition. This unique perspective on the tangled web of mind, machine, and creativity is explored by an application of three relational models of the mind to an analysis of Cohen's talks and writings, which are available on his website: www.aaronshome.com.
Perioperative ketorolac increases post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adults but not children
Authors: Chan Dylan K. , Parikh Sanjay R.
Published: December 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the risk of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage associated with perioperative ketorolac use.

Study Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of primary articles reporting individual‐level post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates in subjects receiving perioperative ketorolac and matched controls. Retrospective and prospective studies were both included.

Methods

PubMed search was performed for “[ketorolac OR toradol] AND tonsillectomy.” Articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected to meta‐analysis to determine summary relative risk (RR).

Results

Adults are at five times increased risk for post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage with ketorolac use (RR: 5.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08–15.27; P < .001). In contrast, children under 18 are not at statistically significantly increased risk (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.84–2.30; P = .20). Both retrospective and prospective studies yield consistent findings. There is no association of RR with pre‐ or postoperative administration of ketorolac.

Conclusions

Ketorolac can be used safely in children, but is associated with a five‐fold increased bleeding risk in adults.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 124:1789–1793, 2014
Nemaline myopathy caused by TNNT1 mutations in a Dutch pedigree
Authors: van der Pol W. Ludo , Leijenaar Jolien F. , Spliet Wim G. M. , Lavrijsen Selma W. , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Braun Kees P. J. , Mulder Marcel , Timmers‐Raaijmakers Brigitte , Ratsma Kimberly , Dooijes Dennis , van Haelst Mieke M.
Published: December 2013

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by early onset muscular weakness and sarcoplasmatic or intranuclear inclusions of rod‐shaped Z‐disk material in muscle fibers. Thus far, mutations in seven genes have been identified as cause of NM. Only one single TNNT1 nonsense mutation has been previously described that causes autosomal recessive NM in the old order Amish with a very specific clinical phenotype including rapidly progressive contractures. Here, we report a patient who is compound heterozygous for a c.309+1G>A mutation and an exon 14 deletion in the TNNT1 gene. This report confirms the specific clinical phenotype of TNNT1 NM and documents two new TNNT1 mutations outside the old order Amish.
Association study in three different populations between the GPR88 gene and major psychoses
Authors: Del Zompo Maria , Deleuze Jean‐François , Chillotti Caterina , Cousin Emmanuelle , Niehaus Dana , Ebstein Richard P. , Ardau Raffaella , Macé Sandrine , Warnich Louise , Mujahed Mustafa , Severino Giovanni , Dib Colette , Jordaan Esme , Murad Ibrahim , Soubigou Stéphane , Koen Liezl , Bannoura Issam , Rocher Corinne , Laurent Claudine , Derock Murielle , Faucon Biguet Nicole , Mallet Jacques , Meloni Rolando
Published: December 2013

GPR88, coding for a G protein‐coupled orphan receptor that is highly represented in the striatum, is a strong functional candidate gene for neuropsychiatric disorders and is located at 1p22‐p21, a chromosomal region that we have previously linked to bipolar disorder (BD) in the Sardinian population. In order to ascertain the relevance of GPR88 as a risk factor for psychiatric diseases, we performed a genetic association analysis between GPR88 and BD in a sample of triads (patient and both parents) recruited in the Sardinian and the Palestinian population as well as between GPR88 and schizophrenia (SZ) in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. We found a positive association between GPR88 and BD in the Sardinian and Palestinian triads. Moreover, we found a positive association between GPR88 and SZ in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. When these results were corrected for multiple testing, the association between GPR88 and BD was maintained in the Palestinian population. Thus, these results suggest that GPR88 deserves consideration as a candidate gene for psychiatric diseases and requires to be further investigated in other populations.
Whole‐brain three‐dimensional T2‐weighted BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Hua Jun , Qin Qin , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Pekar James J. , Jones Craig K.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

A new acquisition scheme for T2‐weighted spin‐echo BOLD fMRI is introduced.

Methods

It uses a T2‐preparation module to induce blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast, followed by a single‐shot three‐dimensional (3D) fast gradient‐echo readout with short echo time (TE). It differs from most spin‐echo BOLD sequences in that BOLD contrast is generated before the readout, which eliminates the “dead time” due to long TE required for T2 contrast, and substantially improves acquisition efficiency. This approach, termed “3D T2prep‐GRE,” was implemented at 7 Tesla (T) with a typical spatial (2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm3) and temporal (TR = 2.3 s) resolution for functional MRI (fMRI) and whole‐brain coverage (55 slices), and compared with the widely used 2D spin‐echo EPI sequence.

Results

In fMRI experiments of simultaneous visual/motor activities, 3D T2prep‐GRE showed minimal distortion and little signal dropout across the whole brain. Its lower power deposition allowed greater spatial coverage (55 versus 17 slices with identical TR, resolution and power level), temporal SNR (60% higher) and CNR (35% higher) efficiency than 2D spin‐echo EPI. It also showed smaller T2* contamination.

Conclusion

This approach is expected to be useful for ultra‐high field fMRI, especially for regions near air cavities. The concept of using T2‐preparation to generate BOLD contrast can be combined with many other sequences at any field strength. Magn Reson Med 72:1530–1540, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Promising Impact of Ibrutinib, a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, for the Management of Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Bhatt Valkal , Alejandro Linh , Michael Angela , Ganetsky Alex
Published: December 2013

Lymphoid malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders originating from clonal proliferation of B or T lymphocytes. Treatment of lymphoid neoplasms has traditionally been pursued with cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve efficacy and ameliorate the adverse effects associated with classic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy has been developed. At the forefront of clinical development is ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk is a protein tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in regulating B‐cell signaling. Dysregulated Btk results in uncontrolled B‐lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ibrutinib is currently being studied in numerous malignancies of lymphoid origin including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Thus far, ibrutinib has demonstrated very promising results in treatment‐naive patients as well as those with relapsed or refractory disease with an acceptable safety profile. In this article, we describe the pharmacology, efficacy, and toxicity profile of ibrutinib and depict the potential role that ibrutinib will play in the treatment paradigm of lymphoid neoplasms.
Enzymatically synthesized polyesters with pendent OH groups as macroinitiators for the preparation of well‐defined graft copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Jbeily Mark , Naolou Toufik , Bilal Muhammad , Amado Elkin , Kressler Jörg
Published: December 2013

A family of polyesters, poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA), poly(sorbitol adipate) and PGA‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone), bearing OH groups on their backbones were synthesized by enzymatic polycondensation. They were successfully converted into macroinitiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by esterification with α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. As a proof of concept, glycerol monomethacrylate was polymerized by ATRP from a PGA backbone yielding the amphiphilic graft copolymer PGA‐graft‐poly(glycerol monomethacrylate). Its self‐assembly in aqueous solution was studied using dynamic light scattering. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
High saturation ferromagnetic behavior of Fe:BN nanoceramic
Authors: Oganisian Karen , Gluchowski Pawel , Vogt Andrzej , Strek Wieslaw
Published: December 2013

We report on the magnetic iron boron nitride (BN) nanoceramic fabricated by a hot‐pressing (HP) method. Structural, magnetic and ac electrical conductivity studies have been performed. It was found that the material has core–shell structure where BN layers coat Fe cores. The iron cores consist of the mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases or are single crystalline. The magnetization measurements showed the expected high values of magnetic saturation and neither BN coating, nor increased strain affect the magnetic properties of this material, whereas other physical properties such as resistivity or hardness are significantly improved. The high magnetic saturation of the Fe:BN nanoceramic combined with relatively high resistivity makes this material very promising for radiofrequency application.
First‐trimester uterine artery Doppler and adverse pregnancy outcome: a meta‐analysis involving 55 974 women
Authors: Velauthar L. , Plana M. N. , Kalidindi M. , Zamora J. , Thilaganathan B. , Illanes S. E. , Khan K. S. , Aquilina J. , Thangaratinam S.
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To determine the accuracy with which uterine artery Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy predicts pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, particularly early‐onset disease.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (1951–2012), EMBASE (1980–2012) and the Cochrane Library (2012) for relevant citations without language restrictions. Two reviewers independently selected studies that evaluated the accuracy of first‐trimester uterine artery Doppler to predict adverse pregnancy outcome and performed data extraction to construct 2 × 2 tables. We synthesized sensitivity and specificity for various Doppler indices using a bivariate random‐effects model.

Results

From 1866 citations, we identified 18 studies (55 974 women). The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal uterine artery flow velocity waveform (FVW) in the prediction of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia were 47.8% (95% CI: 39.0–56.8) and 92.1% (95% CI: 88.6–94.6), and in the prediction of early‐onset fetal growth restriction were 39.2% (95% CI: 26.3–53.8) and 93.1% (95% CI: 90.6–95.0), respectively. The sensitivities for predicting any pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction were 26.4% (95% CI: 22.5–30.8) and 15.4% (95% CI: 12.4–18.9), respectively, and the specificities were 93.4% (95% CI: 90.4–95.5%) and 93.3% (95% CI: 90.9–95.1), respectively. The number needed to treat (NNT) with aspirin to prevent one case of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia fell from 1000 to 173 and from 2500 to 421 for background risks varying between 1% and 0.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

First‐trimester uterine artery Doppler is a useful tool for predicting early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, as well as other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Based on the NNT, abnormal uterine artery Doppler in low‐risk women achieves a sufficiently high performance to justify aspirin prophylaxis in those who test positive. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Remarks and a Correction of Ligtvoet’s Treatment of the Isotonic Partial Credit Model
Authors: Ligtvoet Rudy
Published: December 2013

This note contains some remarks on Ligtvoet’s (Psychometrika, 77:479–494, 2012) treatment of the isotonic partial credit model. The Proposition relating to the observable property MWI is shown to be false.
Outreach and integration programs to promote family planning in the extended postpartum period
Authors: Sonalkar Sarita , Mody Sheila , Gaffield Mary E.
Published: December 2013

Background

WHO recommends birth spacing to improve the health of the mother and child. One strategy to facilitate birth spacing is to improve the use of family planning during the first year postpartum.

Objectives

To determine from the literature the effectiveness of postpartum family‐planning programs and to identify research gaps.

Search strategy

PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for articles published between database inception and March 2013. Abstracts of conference presentations, dissertations, and unpublished studies were also considered.

Selection criteria

Published studies with birth spacing or contraceptive use outcomes were included.

Data collection and analysis

Standard abstract forms and the US Preventive Services Task Force grading system were used to summarize and assess the quality of the evidence.

Main results

Thirty‐four studies were included. Prenatal care, home visitation programs, and educational interventions were associated with improved family‐planning outcomes, but should be further studied in low‐resource settings. Mother–infant care integration, multidisciplinary interventions, and cash transfer/microfinance interventions need further investigation.

Conclusions

Programmatic interventions may improve birth spacing and contraceptive uptake. Larger well‐designed studies in international settings are needed to determine the most effective ways to deliver family‐planning interventions.
Microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus)
Authors: Loudon Andrew H , Woodhams Douglas C , Parfrey Laura Wegener , Archer Holly , Knight Rob , McKenzie Valerie , Harris Reid N
Published: December 2013

Beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field or sterile media. The captive conditions led to different trajectories of bacterial communities. Eight OTUs present on >90% of salamanders in the field, through time, and in both treatments were defined as the core community, suggesting that some bacteria are closely associated with the host and are independent of an environmental reservoir. One of these taxa, a Pseudomonas sp., was previously cultured from amphibians and found to be antifungal. As all host-associated bacteria were found in the soil reservoir, environmental microbes strongly influence host–microbial diversity and likely regulate the core community. Using PICRUSt, an exploratory bioinformatics tool to predict gene functions, we found that core skin bacteria provided similar gene functions to the entire community. We suggest that future experiments focus on testing whether core bacteria on salamander skin contribute to the observed resistance to chytridiomycosis in this species even under hygenic captive conditions. For disease-susceptible hosts, providing an environmental reservoir with defensive bacteria in captive-rearing programs may improve outcomes by increasing bacterial diversity on threatened amphibians or increasing the likelihood that defensive bacteria are available for colonization.
Distinct microbial communities associated with buried soils in the Siberian tundra
Authors: Gittel Antje , Bárta Jiří , Kohoutová Iva , Mikutta Robert , Owens Sarah , Gilbert Jack , Schnecker Jörg , Wild Birgit , Hannisdal Bjarte , Maerz Joeran , Lashchinskiy Nikolay , Čapek Petr , Šantrůčková Hana , Gentsch Norman , Shibistova Olga , Guggenberger Georg , Richter Andreas , Torsvik Vigdis L , Schleper Christa , Urich Tim
Published: December 2013

Cryoturbation, the burial of topsoil material into deeper soil horizons by repeated freeze–thaw events, is an important storage mechanism for soil organic matter (SOM) in permafrost-affected soils. Besides abiotic conditions, microbial community structure and the accessibility of SOM to the decomposer community are hypothesized to control SOM decomposition and thus have a crucial role in SOM accumulation in buried soils. We surveyed the microbial community structure in cryoturbated soils from nine soil profiles in the northeastern Siberian tundra using high-throughput sequencing and quantification of bacterial, archaeal and fungal marker genes. We found that bacterial abundances in buried topsoils were as high as in unburied topsoils. In contrast, fungal abundances decreased with depth and were significantly lower in buried than in unburied topsoils resulting in remarkably low fungal to bacterial ratios in buried topsoils. Fungal community profiling revealed an associated decrease in presumably ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The abiotic conditions (low to subzero temperatures, anoxia) and the reduced abundance of fungi likely provide a niche for bacterial, facultative anaerobic decomposers of SOM such as members of the Actinobacteria, which were found in significantly higher relative abundances in buried than in unburied topsoils. Our study expands the knowledge on the microbial community structure in soils of Northern latitude permafrost regions, and attributes the delayed decomposition of SOM in buried soils to specific microbial taxa, and particularly to a decrease in abundance and activity of ECM fungi, and to the extent to which bacterial decomposers are able to act as their functional substitutes.
Intranuclear verrucomicrobial symbionts and evidence of lateral gene transfer to the host protist in the termite gut
Authors: Sato Tomoyuki , Kuwahara Hirokazu , Fujita Kazuma , Noda Satoko , Kihara Kumiko , Yamada Akinori , Ohkuma Moriya , Hongoh Yuichi
Published: December 2013

In 1944, Harold Kirby described microorganisms living within nuclei of the protists Trichonympha in guts of termites; however, their taxonomic assignment remains to be accomplished. Here, we identified intranuclear symbionts of Trichonympha agilis in the gut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. We isolated single nuclei of T. agilis, performed whole-genome amplification, and obtained bacterial 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Unexpectedly, however, all of the analyzed clones were from pseudogenes of 16S rRNA with large deletions and numerous sequence variations even within a single-nucleus sample. Authentic 16S rRNA gene sequences were finally recovered by digesting the nuclear DNA; these pseudogenes were present on the host Trichonympha genome. The authentic sequences represented two distinct bacterial species belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and the pseudogenes have originated from each of the two species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that both species are specifically localized, and occasionally co-localized, within nuclei of T. agilis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that they are distorted cocci with characteristic electron-dense and lucent regions, which resemble the intranuclear symbionts illustrated by Kirby. For these symbionts, we propose a novel genus and species, ‘Candidatus Nucleococcus trichonymphae’ and ‘Candidatus Nucleococcus kirbyi’. These formed a termite-specific cluster with database sequences, other members of which were also detected within nuclei of various gut protists, including both parabasalids and oxymonads. We suggest that this group is widely distributed as intranuclear symbionts of diverse protists in termite guts and that they might have affected the evolution of the host genome through lateral gene transfer.
Optical investigation of the natural electron doping in thin MoS2 films deposited on dielectric substrates
Authors: Sercombe D. , Schwarz S. , Pozo-Zamudio O. Del , Liu F. , Robinson B. J. , Chekhovich E. A. , Tartakovskii I. I. , Kolosov O. , Tartakovskii A. I.
Published: December 2013

Two-dimensional (2D) compounds provide unique building blocks for novel layered devices and hybrid photonic structures. However, large surface-to-volume ratio in thin films enhances the significance of surface interactions and charging effects requiring new understanding. Here we use micro-photoluminescence (PL) and ultrasonic force microscopy to explore the influence of the dielectric environment on optical properties of a few monolayer MoS2 films. PL spectra for MoS2 films deposited on SiO2 substrates are found to vary widely. This film-to-film variation is suppressed by additional capping of MoS2 with SiO2 and SixNy, improving mechanical coupling of MoS2 with surrounding dielectrics. We show that the observed PL non-uniformities are related to strong variation in the local electron charging of MoS2 films. In completely encapsulated films, negative charging is enhanced leading to uniform optical properties. Observed great sensitivity of optical characteristics of 2D films to surface interactions has important implications for optoelectronics applications of layered materials.
Saddling up copper – new twists on a metallo-wheel
Authors: Zarrabi Niloofar , Hayward John J. , Clegg William , Pilkington Melanie
Published: December 2013

An octanuclear copper(ii) cluster assembled from a large, flexible polydentate ligand reveals an unusual saddle-shaped structural topology.
Carbon nanotube-copper exhibiting metal-like thermal conductivity and silicon-like thermal expansion for efficient cooling of electronics
Authors: Subramaniam Chandramouli , Yasuda Yuzuri , Takeya Satoshi , Ata Seisuke , Nishizawa Ayumi , Futaba Don , Yamada Takeo , Hata Kenji
Published: December 2013

A composite that synergistically combines the best thermal properties of carbon nanotubes and copper is developed for efficient cooling of microelectronics.