bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Just one of the guys” An application of the Occupational Wellbeing framework to graduates of a Men’s Shed Program for young unemployed adult males with intellectual disability
Authors: Milbourn Benjamin , Mahoney Natasha , Trimboli Concettina , Hoey Ciarain , Cordier Reinie , Buchanan Angus , Wilson Nathan J.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Conceptualisation of occupation requires understanding of subjective wellbeing and experiences of occupation. Opportunities for participation in productivity activities, such as employment, may be limited for people with intellectual disability (ID). An occupational wellbeing framework was recently re‐imagined to focus on the subjective meaning of a person's occupational life rather than occupational performance. This study analysed experiences and possible benefits to occupational wellbeing of young adult men with ID in an intergenerational mentoring program based on Australian Men's Sheds using this revised occupational wellbeing framework.

Methods

A qualitative approach was used to gather individual semi‐structured interviews at the end of an intergenerational mentoring program to explore occupational wellbeing experiences. Eight individual mentees and five parents of mentees (n = 13) from the different Men's Sheds sites agreed to participate in an individual interview about their experiences of the program. All mentees were male aged between 17 and 24 years. Family members included four female mothers and one male father. Data were highlighted, selected and deductively coded using content analysis according to the five occupational wellbeing domains of the framework.

Results

Mentees reflected upon their experience with their mentor, the program, activities and environment of the Men's Shed. Findings were organised in relation to each of the five domains of occupational wellbeing, including contentment, competence, belonging, identity and autonomy. Experiences of mentees and their family members reflected the positive impact of participation on each domain and occupational wellbeing, including opportunities for socialisation outside of the program, mastery of skills and knowledge and validation of belief in self.

Conclusion

Mentees involved in an intergenerational mentoring program in Australian Men's Sheds report benefits of participation in activities that foster and increase occupational wellbeing experiences. The experience of such domains should be considered when attempting to understand the quality of life and function for people with disabilities.
Uncertainty work as ontological negotiation: adjudicating access to therapy in clinical psychology
Authors: Pickersgill Martyn
Published: November 2019

Across the UK, wide‐ranging efforts have been made to enhance citizen access to psychological therapy. Clinical psychologists are key providers of and gatekeepers for therapy. This article is concerned with how clinical psychologists foster access (or not) to psychological care. More specifically, it interrogates how psychologists manage, and make decisions around, patient referrals. Following a referral, psychologists must resolve an uncertain situation: should they accept a referral and continue with an assessment? Thereafter, they must decide whether a patient is suitable for their service – and for therapy more generally. Certainty is synthesised against a backdrop of sometimes powerful pressures to meet service targets. Taking cues from medical sociology and science and technology studies (STS), this article interrogates some of the uncertainties around access to psychological therapy, and how decisions made by clinical psychologists involve negotiations of patient, service and professional ontologies. To do so, it draws on interviews with 40 psychologists across England and Scotland. The paper spotlights a professional group that is often absent from or only dimly lit within sociological observation and analysis: clinical psychology. Through attending to the discourses of psychologists, I extend conversations about uncertainty through a distinctive case study.
Modelling multilocus selection in an individual‐based, spatially‐explicit landscape genetics framework
Authors: Landguth Erin L. , Forester Brenna R. , Eckert Andrew J. , Shirk Andrew J. , Menon Mitra , Whipple Amy , Day Casey C. , Cushman Samuel A.
Published: November 2019

We implemented multilocus selection in a spatially‐explicit, individual‐based framework that enables multivariate environmental gradients to drive selection in many loci as a new module for the landscape genetics programs, CDPOP and CDMetaPOP. Our module simulates multilocus selection using a linear additive model, providing a flexible platform to evaluate a wide range of genotype‐environment associations. Importantly, the module allows simulation of selection in any number of loci under the influence of any number of environmental variables. We validated the module with individual‐based selection simulations under Wright‐Fisher assumptions. We then evaluated results for simulations under a simple landscape selection model. Next, we simulated individual‐based multilocus selection across a complex selection landscape with three loci linked to three different environmental variables. Finally, we demonstrated how the program can be used to simulate multilocus selection under varying selection strengths across different levels of gene flow in a landscape genetics framework. This new module provides a valuable addition to the study of landscape genetics, allowing for explicit evaluation of the contributions and interactions between gene flow and selection‐driven processes across complex, multivariate environmental and landscape conditions.
Intraoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules to assist surgical resection: A novel approach using a surgical navigation puncture robot system
Authors: Zhou Gang , Chen Xiangqian , Niu Baolong , Yan Yadong , Shao Fan , Fan Yubo , Wang Yu
Published: November 2019

Background

Localization and resection of nonvisible, nonpalpable pulmonary nodules during video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery is challenging. In this study we developed a surgical navigation puncture robot system in order to locate small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods

Four pigs were divided into group A and group B and underwent positioning puncture with the aid of the robotic system. The pigs in group A breathed freely during the experiment, whilst mechanical ventilation was used on the pigs in group B.

Results

Using the robotic system to locate nodules achieved good results. For group A, a total of nine simulated nodules were created and successfully localized. The mean positioning accuracy was 9.6 ± 4.9 mm (range, 3.2–17.4 mm), and the time required for system positioning was 7.1 ± 1.0 minutes (range, 5.6–8.2 minutes). For group B, a total of 23 simulated nodules were created and successfully localized. The mean positioning accuracy was 2.9 ± 1.5 mm (range, 0.7–5.9 mm), and the time required for system positioning was 7.8 ± 1.1 minutes (range, 6.3–9.7 minutes).

Conclusions

The new method using a surgical navigation puncture robot system to locate small pulmonary nodules is feasible and safe, and its positioning accuracy is sufficient to meet clinical requirements. In addition, results indicated that breathing had a great influence on the positioning accuracy, mainly in the longitudinal direction. Our surgical navigation puncture robot system has wide future applications for accurately locating small pulmonary nodules in a clinical setting.

Key points

Significant findings of the study: A new method using a surgical navigation puncture robot system was developed to locate small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery. The results indicated that this method can provide accurate localization and permit smaller and more precise resections.

What this study adds: A surgical navigation puncture robot system has wide future applications for accurately locating small pulmonary nodules in a clinical setting.
Addiction‐Focused Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy as an Adjunct to Regular Outpatient Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Markus Wiebren , Hornsveld Hellen K. , Burk William J. , de Weert – van Oene Gerdien H. , Becker Eni S. , DeJong Cornelis A.J.
Published: November 2019

Background

This study examined the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of addiction‐focused eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (AF‐EMDR) treatment, as an add‐on intervention to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods

Adult outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) (N = 109) who already received or had just started with TAU (Community Reinforcement Approach) were recruited at 6 outpatient addiction care facilities. They were randomly assigned to either TAU + 7 weekly 90‐minute sessions of AF‐EMDR (N = 55) or TAU‐only (N = 54). Assessments were made at baseline, after AF‐EMDR therapy (+ 8 weeks in the TAU‐only group), and at 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. The primary outcomes were changes in drinking behavior as reported by the participant and biomarker indices.

Results

Data were analyzed as intent‐to‐treat with linear mixed models. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed. No group or interaction effects were found for any of the outcome variables. Only limited change over time was seen with regard to indices of personal and societal recovery and in some secondary indices of clinical recovery (craving, desire thinking, and rumination). Reliable Change Index calculations showed that more TAU‐only participants showed clinical improvement with regard to alcohol consumption while a somewhat higher proportion of participants in the TAU + AF‐EMDR group experienced less craving. The acceptability, safety, and feasibility of the treatments received in both groups were comparable.

Conclusions

There was no add‐on effect of AF‐EMDR on TAU with regard to drinking behavior in outpatients with an AUD. Possible explanations are discussed. Future studies should first establish proof of principle regarding the potential of AF‐EMDR therapy to disrupt operant learning and habits relevant in addiction.
The Role of State‐Owned Enterprises in an Artificial Monopoly Market: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Coşar Bora , Yilmaz Hakan , Altindağ Erkut
Published: November 2019

State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from many privileges based on their unique structure, their substantial capital, and their position in the economic system. Like all business corporations, they have no fixed duration, which makes them effectively immortal. In addition, they are adjuncts of the state, which enables them to survive in noncompetitive markets with little effort. Therefore, under today's ruthless global market conditions, SOEs engage in unfair competition with privately financed businesses. By relying on their identity as state operations, they do not follow the rules of the market—they define those rules. In addition to SOEs, which are direct arms of the state, some privately financed businesses dominate markets in which the state allows them to develop an artificial monopoly and thus increase their power day by day. These artificial monopolies distort market processes and create conditions that frequently give rise to corruption. This study examines the problems associated with monopolies, with a special emphasis on establishing more efficient market structures for SOEs in Turkey. The original mission of SOEs was to balance markets through regulation and to be transparent and accountable to the public. Simply striving to meet those criteria would go a long way toward preventing the abuse of power and unfair competition. In addition, SOEs and artificial monopoly markets distort public institutions by promoting rent‐seeking behavior that corrupts politics and blocks innovation from potential competitors. Privatization has been employed by international financial institutions in recent decades, but it has mostly transferred monopolies from the public sector to private owners, which has made the problem worse and done little to enhance competition. Establishing genuinely competitive economies will require a new political culture around the world.
The Impact of Monopolies on Small Business Development in Russia
Authors: Mierin L. A. , Korostyshevskaya E. M. , Ragimova N. S.
Published: November 2019

The imposition of economic sanctions on Russia by other countries has raised interest rates, diminished the working capital of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and led to the restoration of state‐owned companies in many sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the Russian Federation continues to make efforts to develop a market‐oriented economy based on open competition. This article considers the current situation with SMEs in Russia from the standpoint of market competition and the influence of monopolies on this process. It analyzes bottlenecks in the interaction of monopolies with SMEs. For example, the wires and pipelines required to distribute energy, heat, and electricity over large geographic areas are natural monopolies: only one company can provides each service efficiently in a given area. The companies that control those natural monopolies are able to extract payments far in excess of cost from small businesses. In this and other ways, monopolies are able to dominate the Russian economy and restrict competition from SMEs.
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal requirements for ultraprotective mechanical ventilation: Mathematical model predictions
Authors: Leypoldt John Kenneth , Goldstein Jacques , Pouchoulin Dominique , Harenski Kai
Published: November 2019

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (ECCO2R) facilitates the use of low tidal volumes during protective or ultraprotective mechanical ventilation when managing patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, the rate of ECCO2R required to avoid hypercapnia remains unclear. We calculated ECCO2R rate requirements to maintain arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) at clinically desirable levels in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients using a six‐compartment mathematical model of CO2 and oxygen (O2) biochemistry and whole‐body transport with the inclusion of an ECCO2R device for extracorporeal veno‐venous removal of CO2. The model assumes steady state conditions. Model compartments were lung capillary blood, arterial blood, venous blood, post‐ECCO2R venous blood, interstitial fluid and tissue cells, with CO2 and O2 distribution within each compartment; biochemistry included equilibrium among bicarbonate and non‐bicarbonate buffers and CO2 and O2 binding to hemoglobin to elucidate Bohr and Haldane effects. O2 consumption and CO2 production rates were assumed proportional to predicted body weight (PBW) and adjusted to achieve reported arterial partial pressure of O2 and a PaCO2 level of 46 mmHg at a tidal volume of 7.6 mL/kg PBW in the absence of an ECCO2R device based on average data from LUNG SAFE. Model calculations showed that ECCO2R rates required to achieve mild permissive hypercapnia (PaCO2 of 46 mmHg) at a ventilation frequency or respiratory rate of 20.8/min during mechanical ventilation increased when tidal volumes decreased from 7.6 to 3 mL/kg PBW. Higher ECCO2R rates were required to achieve normocapnia (PaCO2 of 40 mmHg). Model calculations also showed that required ECCO2R rates were lower when ventilation frequencies were increased from 20.8/min to 26/min. The current mathematical model predicts that ECCO2R rates resulting in clinically desirable PaCO2 levels at tidal volumes of 5‐6 mL/kg PBW can likely be achieved in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients with current technologies; use of ultraprotective tidal volumes (3‐4 mL/kg PBW) may be challenging unless high mechanical ventilation frequencies are used.
The impact of metamorphosis on the cranial osteology of giant salamanders of the genus Dicamptodon
Authors: Schoch Rainer R. , Pogoda Peter , Kupfer Alexander
Published: November 2019

Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon) rank among the largest terrestrial caudates. Their ontogeny produces two distinct morphs—larval‐neotenic and metamorphosed—which differ in many morphological traits. We identified changes that are initiated by metamorphosis (distinguishing transformed from neotenic specimens) and also recognized age‐related changes occurring irrespective of transformation. During metamorphosis, specimens remodel the palate, rearrange the vomerine dentition, expand the maxilla, broaden the cheek, foreshorten the posterior skull table and develop specific serrated suture patterns in the dermal bones. Instead, large larvae grow a robust pterygoid sutured with a fully ossified trapezoidal vomer and a short maxilla. Small larvae are readily distinguished by tooth count, morphology and arrangement from more advanced larvae. Age‐related features, irrespective of metamorphosis, include pedicellate teeth, morphological differentiation of parasphenoid, enlargement of the orbitosphenoid, distal expansion of columella, and loss of coronoid teeth.
Mapping soil profile depth, bulk density and carbon stock in Scotland using remote sensing and spatial covariates
Authors: Aitkenhead Matt , Coull Malcolm
Published: November 2019

The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon is an important factor in land management decision making, climate change mitigation and landscape planning. In Scotland, where approximately one‐quarter of the soils are peat, this information has usually been obtained using field survey and mapping, with digital soil mapping only carried out recently. Here a method is presented that integrates legacy survey data, recent monitoring work for peatland restoration surveys, spatial covariates such as topography and climate, and remote sensing data. The aim of this work was to provide estimates of the depth, bulk density and carbon concentration of Scotland's soils in order to allow more effective carbon stock mapping. A neural network model was used to integrate the existing data, and this was then used to generate a map of soil property estimates for carbon stock mapping at 100‐m resolution over Scotland. Accuracy assessment indicated that the depth mapping to the bottom of the organic layer was achieved with anr2of .67, whereas carbon proportion and bulk density were estimated with anr2of .63 and .79, respectively. Modelling of these three properties allowed estimation of soil carbon in mineral and organic soils in Scotland to a depth of 1 m (3,498 megatons) and overall (3,688 megatons).

Highlights

Scotland's soil organic carbon was mapped using a digital soil mapping approach.

This provides a high‐resolution map available for scientists, regulatory bodies and policymakers.

The method largely agreed with previous work but improved the spatial resolution of the mapping.

Significant soil carbon stocks are held in both organic (peat) and non‐peat soils.
Evaluation of the Atellica COAG 360 coagulation analyzer in a central laboratory of a maximum care hospital
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Lehmann Rainer , Peter Andreas
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Fully‐automated coagulation analyzers are key components of a high‐throughput central laboratory. The novel Atellica COAG 360 (Siemens Healthineers) is a high‐volume coagulation analyzer approved for hemostasis diagnostics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the analytical performance of this coagulation analyzer in a central laboratory.

Methods

Intra (n = 10)‐ and inter (n = 20)‐assay precision of the Atellica COAG 360 was determined using commercially available control samples. Patient samples (n = 74‐104) were used for comparison analyses with the Sysmex CS‐5100 (Siemens Healthineers). Effects of visual interferences on coagulation testing were assessed and the sample throughput rate of the Atellica COAG 360 was determined.

Results

Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision of the Atellica COAG 360 showed coefficient of variations (CVs) < 5% for most of the coagulation parameters comparable to CVs of the Sysmex CS‐5100. Passing‐Bablok and Bland‐Altman analyses revealed high correlation and good agreement between both coagulation analyzers in determination of coagulation parameters. Results of coagulation measurements determined in optically abnormal samples were comparable between the Atellica COAG 360 and the Sysmex CS‐5100 and were confirmed by mechanical measurements on a STart Max (Stago Diagnostics) coagulation analyzer. A sample throughput rate of about 190 tests per hour in a routine setting including five coagulation parameters was determined for the Atellica COAG 360 integrated in a total laboratory automation system.

Conclusion

The Atellica COAG 360 provides high analytical performance as high‐throughput analyzer for routine and specific coagulation parameters and is suitable to be connected to a total laboratory automation.
Creating Spaces for Reflection with Digital Autoethnography: Students as Researchers into Their Own Practices
Authors: Neil Joanna
Published: November 2019

This article discusses how digital technologies give students agency in creating new spaces for their reflective activity. Undergraduate art and design students from across fine art, textiles, fashion, interiors, graphics and illustration and animation degree programmes experimented with digital tools, platforms and social media to document and examine their own making. The research took place at a further education college with externally validated higher education provision in the North West of England. Thirteen students signed up as research participants and shared blogs and documentation, had tutorials recorded and completed in‐depth interviews. The research project investigated how and what technologies students used and whether their use stimulated in‐depth reflection on their art and design practices and developing professional identities. This student‐led pedagogy evidences an inclusive approach where they used autoethnography to support themselves as researchers into their own practices; the methodology became a strategy for critical and dialogic reflection. Participants took part in several unstructured interviews providing a wealth of rich phenomenological data. Thematic analysis as defined by Braun & Clarke (2006), was used as a method to analyse and identify patterns of experience, interpretations and descriptions across the data set, enabling me to see and make sense of these collective and shared meanings.
The 6Rs: Inclusive Creative Methodology for Design Research
Authors: White Tanya
Published: November 2019

In fashion design, pedagogy balancing a strong technical foundation with a more disruptive attitude during the ideation and development procedures provides the potential for diverse, emergent, aesthetically and critically poignant outputs. The ultimate goal in this is to offer a learning environment that is inclusive and accesses dormant design curiosity, also, as a teacher, to devise methods that will lead to discovering a personal and distinct aesthetic vocabulary. ‘Ratio’, ‘resize’, ‘repeat’, ‘reduce’, ‘remix’ and ‘rearrange’ are the 6Rs that can challenge the creative design process and reprogramme the design brain into unearthing radical new forms, concepts and aesthetics. This article will address the established literature on the ways of nurturing creative thinking as it supports the methodology of serious play directed by the 6R terms to exercise ideation generation in fashion education. This discussion will be evidenced with a case study to show that the 6Rs can successfully introduce and/or expand creative thinking in fashion design processes. The aim of this is to provide students with tools, habits and tasks that empower a creative mindset when approaching the early conceptual and compositional stages of garment development, while also addressing the tutor’s role in establishing and exemplifying a creative ethos that is integral to initiating these methods and pedagogy. Most importantly, this approach is fundamentally driven by the need to invest in a more diverse student body to potentially reach unnoticed and less privileged fashion talent.
Anton Ehrenzweig, the Artist Teacher and a Psychoanalytic Approach to School Art Education
Authors: Walton Neil
Published: November 2019

In the 1960s Anton Ehrenzweig devised an experimental course for school art teachers based on his deep knowledge of British psychoanalytic theory, especially Melanie Klein’s ideas of projection and introjection. Ehrenzweig’s early advocacy for the idea of an artist teacher, which formed a key element of his Art Teachers Certificate course at Goldsmiths, could be seen as ahead of its time, anticipating some of the ideas and practices of the past couple of decades. However, his claim that good teachers use their pupils as a medium for the teacher’s own creativity raises ethical questions that still resonate today. In this article, I will draw out some comparisons between Ehrenzweig’s theories of creativity and art education, and recent writing on the artist teacher. I will consider ways in which Ehrenzweig’s development of Kleinian psychoanalytic theory can both complement and challenge current thinking about the merging and differentiation of artist, teacher and student identities.
Developing Place‐Based Pedagogies to Challenge Institutional Authority
Authors: Riding Deborah , Talbot‐Landers Catherine , Grimshaw Nichola , O’Keeffe Helen
Published: November 2019

This article discusses a current research project being undertaken by Tate Liverpool with a local university. The study is exploring the impact of a school‐in‐residence programme on children, teachers and the gallery. The invitation to schools to undertake these residencies fits with current agendas within the museum and galleries sector where institutions internationally have increasing ambitions towards handing over to their audiences, encouraging them to take ownership of their physical and intellectual spaces. However, the power dynamics at play, in terms of who makes the invitation and on what terms, have ethical implications that make taking up this offer challenging and potentially limiting. This article will begin to explore the possibilities of Place‐Based Education and its pedagogy as a practice to challenge these positions for both the teacher and gallery.
How mothers feel: Validation of a measure of maternal mood
Authors: Savage McGlynn Emily , Martin Colin R. , Redshaw Maggie
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Low mood may affect developing relationships with a new baby, partner and family. Early identification of mood disturbance is crucial to improve outcomes for women perinatally. Instruments such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) are used routinely, with evidence that some women do not feel comfortable with how they are asked about their mental health.

Objective

To develop a mood checklist as a user‐friendly, effective measure of well‐being in post‐partum women, for use by health professionals.

Methods

Cognitive interviews with women who had recently given birth assessed response format and face validity of a prototype measure. A cross‐sectional survey followed. A random split‐half instrument development protocol was used. Exploratory factor analysis determined factor structure with the first sample,. The second sample confirmed factor structure and evaluationof key psychometric variables and known‐groups discriminant validity (KGDV), requiring a supplementary between‐subjects design with stratification based on case negative/case positive classification using EPDSscreening cut‐off criteria.

Results

Cognitive interview data confirmed the face validity of the measure. Exploratory factor analysis indicated an 18 item two‐factor model with two (negatively) correlated factors. Factor 1 loaded with items reflecting positive mood and factor 2 negative items. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the two‐factor model across the full spectrum of fit indices. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed in relation to as EPDS caseness classification. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the positive and negative subscales revealed acceptable internal consistency of 0.79 and 0.72, respectively.

Conclusion

The outcome checklist may be appropriate for use in clinical practice. It demonstrated effective psychometric properties and clear cross‐validation with existing commonly used measures.
Variation in cownose ray Rhinoptera neglecta abundance and group size on the central east coast of Australia
Authors: Tagliafico Alejandro , Butcher Paul A. , Colefax Andrew P. , Clark Graeme F. , Kelaher Brendan P.
Published: November 2019

Here, we provide baseline information about the relative abundance and group size of the Australian cownose ray Rhinoptera neglecta on the central east coast of Australia. Using drone monitoring over 2 years, we completed 293 transects, each 2 km in length, at four locations distributed along c.100 km of coast. In total, 5979 R. neglecta were observed with overall relative abundance (±SE) of, 20.4 (±3.3) individuals per transect. The numbers of R. neglecta varied among locations, with the highest density found off the beach adjacent to the river mouth at Evans Head. The number of rays observed also decreased with increasing wind speed. While some of this relationship was probably associated with visibility, R. neglecta may also move offshore during strong winds. We found no evidence that R. neglecta was under significant threat. Additionally, our cost‐effective surveys demonstrate the utility of aerial drones in fisheries conservation biology.
β‐Carotene‐fortified gari: Processing variables effect on nutritional and sensory qualities
Authors: Abano Ernest E. , Quayson Enoch T. , Bosompem Martin , Quarm Margaret
Published: November 2019

Different proportions of orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) were used to substitute cassava mash and fermented spontaneously to produce composite gari—a gritty‐crispy ready‐to‐eat food product. Both the amount of OFSP and the fermentation duration (FD) caused significant increases in the β‐carotene content of the composite gari. OFSP addition reduced the luminance while roasting made the composite gari yellower when compared with the cake used. Addition of OFSP negatively affected the swelling capacity of the gari although not significant. The taste, texture, flavor, and the overall preferences for the composite gari decreased due to the addition of the OFSP but FD improved them. The sample with 10% OFSP and FD of 1.81 days was found to produce the optimal gari. One portion of the optimal gari would contribute to 34.75, 23.2, 23.2, 27, 17, and 16% of vitamin A requirements among children, adolescent, adult males, adult females, pregnant women, and lactating mothers, respectively. The study demonstrated that partial substitution of cassava with OFSP for gari production would have the potential to fight the high prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency among less developed regions of Africa.

Practical applications

Gari is a major staple for Ghanaians and people in the West African subregion due to its affordability and swelling capacity. It is mainly eaten raw with water, sugar, groundnut, and milk as gari‐soakings or with hot water to prepare gelatinized food called gari‐kai in Ghana or “eba” among Nigerians. However, gari is limited in β‐carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. Orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is known to contain a large amount of β‐carotene, a vitamin A precursor. There is severe clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence among Ghanaians and many African countries. Therefore, addition of OFSP to gari would have the potential to fight the high prevalence rate of VAD among less developed regions of Africa.
Living in one's own world, while life goes on: Patients' experiences prior to a kidney transplantation with a living donor
Authors: Kristensen Ingrid V. , Birkelund Regner , Henriksen Jette , Agerskov Hanne , Norlyk Annelise
Published: November 2019

Aims and objectives

To investigate patients' existential experiences in everyday life prior to a kidney transplantation with a living donor.

Background

Kidney transplantation is a well‐established treatment for patients with end‐stage kidney disease. The prevalence of patients living with end‐stage renal disease is increasing. Simultaneously, kidney transplantations with a living donor are increasing. However, patients experience challenging existential aspects concerning kidney transplantation.

Design

A qualitative study with a hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach inspired by Ricoeur was chosen.

Methods

Fourteen interviews with patients living with end‐stage kidney disease were conducted 7–14 days before a planned kidney transplantation with a living donor. Analysis and interpretation were based on Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. We applied the Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (see Appendix S1).

Results

Four themes were identified: living with subjective feelings of illness while objectifying the body; living in one's own world while the world outside goes on; feeling grateful while being concerned for the donor; and hoping for the best, while preparing for the worst.

Conclusion

Patients' existential challenges are multifaceted. Patients articulate their kidney function in numeric terms, trying to make the invisible visible for themselves and others. Sustaining normality becomes important for patients, and the waiting time from donor evaluation to transplantation triggers excitement, hope and frustration.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results increase insights into individuals' existential experiences in their everyday lives. Hereby, the results articulate the need for support from health professionals prior to a kidney transplantation.
Situational awareness in the outpatient encounter between patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma and healthcare professionals: Patients’ perceptions
Authors: Jørgensen Lone , Kastrup Jensen Susanne , Brogaard Bettina
Published: November 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore patients’ experiences of situational awareness in the outpatient encounter when they are informed about the diagnosis of breast cancer or malignant melanoma.

Background

Patients enter a stressful situation when receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer or malignant melanoma, and research indicates that needs are most prominent at this time. However, healthcare professionals often fail to address these needs adequately. It is unclear how patients experience situational awareness practised to meet their fundamental needs in the encounter when they are informed about the diagnosis of cancer.

Design

This study used a phenomenological hermeneutical approach.

Methods

Nine semi‐structured interviews with patients being diagnosed with breast cancer or malignant melanoma were performed. The interpretation theory of Paul Ricoeur guided the analysis. The study is presented in line with the COREQ checklist.

Results

The analysis resulted in three themes: 1) “Being accompanied” refers to how patients need information to be targeted to them as individuals. 2) “Being seen” points to HCPs’ exploration of the patients’ perspectives to get an understanding of their preferences. 3) “Being taken care of” indicates that patients feel supported if situational awareness is practised by the healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

Practicing situational awareness in the outpatient encounter is essential to patients’ experience of feeling accommodated or rejected. Patients feel rejected when their fundamental needs are not met while experiencing situational awareness seems to accommodate fundamental needs and pre‐empt an inappropriate patient outcome.

Relevance to clinical practice

HCPs need to acknowledge the importance of using a structured approach to meeting patients’ fundamental needs in a stressful situation. Each patient is different and may experience different needs in encounters where they are receiving the diagnosis of breast cancer or malignant melanoma. Therefore, treatment and care must be tailored to the individual patient based on a caring relationship.
A single oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®) in dogs rapidly kills 100% of blood‐fed Phlebotomus perniciosus, a main visceral leishmaniasis vector, for at least 1 month after treatment
Authors: Bongiorno G. , Meyer L. , Evans A. , Lekouch N. , Bianchi R. , Khoury C. , Chiummo R. , Thomas E. , Gradoni L.
Published: November 2019

Dogs are the reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). Both subclinically‐infected and sick animals can be infectious to competent phlebotomine vectors. The degree and duration of insecticidal efficacy of an oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®; Merck Animal Health) was determined in dogs exposed to bites of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae), a main Mediterranean vector of VL. Twelve dogs allocated to two groups of six animals each were included in a parallel‐group designed, negative‐controlled, randomized, blinded, single‐centre efficacy study. Group 2 was treated with fluralaner on day 0, and sand‐fly exposure of both groups was performed on days 1, 28 and 84. Viability of blood‐fed females was assessed up to 96 h after exposure and efficacy was measured as the survival rate of specimens fed on Group 2 versus those fed on Group 1. A mortality of 100% was recorded at 24 h in females fed on Group 2 at both days 1 and 28. Significant insecticidal efficacy was still observed on day 84, with > 50% mortality recorded by 48 h post blood meal in Group 2. Fluralaner treatment of dogs represents a promising and affordable method for reducing the pool of infected vectors in endemic settings of zoonotic VL.
Therapeutic Enhancement of Verteporfin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy by mTOR Inhibitors
Authors: Kraus Daniel , Palasuberniam Pratheeba , Chen Bin
Published: November 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer verteporfin is a clinically approved vascular disrupting modality that is currently in clinical trial for cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated PDT in combination with either mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or mTORC1/C2 dual inhibitor AZD2014 for therapeutic enhancement in SVEC endothelial cells. Verteporfin‐PDT alone induced cell apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, it increased the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein MCL‐1 and the phosphorylation of S6, a downstream molecule of mTOR signaling. In contrast, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and AZD2014 did not induce apoptosis in SVEC cells. They suppressed MCL‐1 expression and S6 phosphorylation and imposed a potent inhibition on cell proliferation. PDT in combination with mTOR inhibitors activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and resulted in increased apoptosis. Combination treatments also led to sustained inhibition of cell proliferation. Although AZD2014 was more effective for cell growth inhibition and PDT enhancement than rapamycin at the higher concentrations examined in the study, both inhibitors effectively enhanced PDT response, suggesting that inhibition of mTORC1 is crucial for PDT enhancement. Our results indicate that mTOR inhibitors mechanistically cooperate with PDT for enhanced cell death and sustained growth inhibition, supporting a combination approach for therapeutic enhancement.
Patterns of Policy Integration and Administrative Coordination Reforms: A Comparative Empirical Analysis
Authors: Trein Philipp , Maggetti Martino
Published: November 2019

During the last two decades, scholars have pointed to a process of “denationalization,” or the delegation of competencies away from the center of the nation‐state—upward, downward, and sideward. At the same time, scholars have observed a transformation of the central state aimed at strengthening its steering capacity by means of integrating sectoral public policies and coordinating administrative units. Little systematic comparative evidence is available regarding this second phenomenon and its relationship with denationalization. The authors contribute to this line of research by presenting a comparative analysis of cross‐sectoral reforms concerning public policies and public sector organizations, covering four policy fields in 13 countries, from 1980 to 2014. Using descriptive statistics and Bayesian change point estimation, this article shows that policy integration and administrative coordination reforms configure a powerful trend, which displays considerable variation across time, policy fields, and countries.
Does lean body mass equal health despite body mass index?
Authors: Colpitts Benjamin H. , Bouchard Danielle R. , Keshavarz Mohammad , Boudreau Jonathan , Sénéchal Martin
Published: November 2019

Objective

To determine the association between having simultaneously high body mass index (BMI) and high relative lean body mass (LBM) and cardio‐metabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and diabetes in adults.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis was performed on 4982 adults aged 19‐85 years that participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (cycles 1999‐2000‐2005‐2006). The primary exposure variable was categorization into four groups: (a) Low‐BMI/Low‐LBM, (b) Low‐BMI/High‐LBM, (c) High‐BMI/Low‐LBM, and (d) High‐BMI/High‐LBM. LBM was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The primary outcome measures were cardio‐metabolic risk factors, MetS based on the ATP III definition; participants were required to have at least three of the following five criteria: high waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglyceride levels, high resting blood pressure, and self‐reported diabetes.

Results

Compared to the High‐BMI/High‐LBM, most cardio‐metabolic risk factors were significantly different among groups (P < .05) while no such differences were observed for the High‐BMI/Low‐LBM (P > .05). Exception of waist circumference (OR [95%]: 21.8 [8.84‐53.82]), there was no increased odds of having cardio‐metabolic risk factors in the High‐BMI/Low‐LBM compared with the High‐BMI/High‐LBM (P > .05). The odds of having MetS and diabetes for the High‐BMI/Low‐LBM compared with the High‐BMI/High‐LBM were OR (95% CI): 1.68 (0.84‐3.36) and 0.59 (0.26‐1.34), respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that having a high‐BMI as well as high relative LBM levels is not associated with cardio‐metabolic risk factors, MetS, and diabetes. Therefore, maintaining a BMI below 30 kg/m2 appears to be clinically relevant, regardless of LBM levels.
‘Homeland farming’ or ‘rural emancipation’? The discursive overlap between populist and green parties in Hungary
Authors: Lubarda Balsa
Published: November 2019

In their attempts to associate the nationalistic ideology with speculative promises to emancipate the people from malevolent ‘outsiders’, right‐wing populists often engage with rural and agricultural topics. Meanwhile, green parties, commonly associated with the progressive ideas of environmentally friendly agriculture, occasionally employ the binary logic of agrarian populism. This paper has three objectives. First, to identify the discursive features of rural (right‐wing and agrarian) populism. Second, to examine how these discursive differences unfold in agricultural, party politics. Third, to examine the implications of overlapping ideas of populist and green parties for emancipatory rural politics. The study is predominantly based on the analysis of political discourses in Hungary: Jobbik (right‐wing populist) and LMP (green party), while the agricultural discourse of Fidesz, the ruling right‐wing populist party will serve as the background to the analysis. Particular attention is given to the aesthetic, symbolic, and material dimensions of land in discourse, including environmentally friendly farming and the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Capital controls and the location of industry
Authors: Wiberg Magnus
Published: November 2019

This paper studies capital controls on the outflow of capital in a two‐region new economic geography model. Capital controls are set in a non‐cooperative or cooperative manner by social planners. Capital controls are relatively higher in the North in the non‐cooperative equilibrium. This leads to relatively more firms located in the region where more consumers reside under the non‐cooperative equilibrium. The locational bias towards the North in the non‐cooperative equilibrium becomes larger as trade barriers are reduced. That is, firms locate to the North at a relatively higher rate in the non‐cooperative equilibrium as trade is liberalised. Contrary to previous findings, it follows that global welfare is relatively higher in the non‐cooperative equilibrium, although the social planner sets capital controls by maximising joint regional welfare in the cooperative equilibrium.
Lifestyles of Populations of Extractive Reserves of Rondônia - Brazil
Authors: Haddad Rogério Delbone , Madi Rubens Riscala , Coelho Andressa Sales
Published: November 2019

Extractive Reserves (Resex) are a category of sustainable use conservation unit that aims to protect the livelihoods and culture of their populations, and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. This article aims to analyze a set of social, economic and environmental indicators aimed at the sustainable development of the populations, protected areas and the “Extractive Reserves” located in the State of Rondônia - Brazil under an ethnographic perspective. The methodological procedures were delineated in an epistemological perspective of ethnography recognition in 2017 and 2018 , where the different ways of life and the dynamics in the construction of spaces of these populations were observed and experienced, of (re)consideration of individuals in environmental, social and economic policies and to form the basis for the  interdisciplinary approaches,  in the study indicators and in  the intervention and management of the territory and its resources. The results showed that the Resex populations need a broader view of the State and Society, because their lives are, with few perspectives, one can perceive the vulnerability of many in relation to poverty, lack of basic assistance and consequently the generation of social exclusion. In this sense, the analysis of the study indicators and the interconnections with authors on the socio-environmental and economic scenarios of the Amazon identified that the Resex public policies need to be rethought in order to build a fairer and more equitable society.
Data-Driven ILC for Trajectory Tracking in Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
Authors: Lee Yu-Hsiu , Tsao Tsu-Chin
Published: November 2019

The aim of this work is to propose a data-driven ILC algorithm that features fast convergence for nonlinear dynamic systems. This idea utilizes adaptive filtering that implicitly identifies the time-varying system inverse along the trajectory being tracked. By feeding the error signal through the copied inverse filter, it results in a rapidly convergent inversion-based ILC. This approach is compared to a nonlinear extension of the data-driven ILC that uses system adjoint as the learning filter. The developed algorithm is validated through simulation on a fully actuated 2 DOF Furuta pendulum.
Trajectory Tracking of 3D Autonomous Vehicles Using Backstepping Control
Authors: Fetzer Karl Ludwig , Nersesov Sergey G. , Ashrafiuon Hashem
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the authors derive backstepping control laws for tracking a time-based reference trajectory for a 3D model of an autonomous vehicle with two degrees of underactuation. Tracking all six degrees of freedom is made possible by a transformation that reduces the order of the error dynamics. Stability of the resulting error dynamics is proven and demonstrated in simulations.