bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Boron Source Activation Strategy for the Low-Temperature Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Kai , Ding Liping , Wu Liyun , Songfeng E , He Qian , Wang Nanyang , Zuo Hui , Zhou Zhengyang , Ding Feng , Hu Yue , Zhang Jin , Yao Yagang
Published: September 2024

Lowering the synthesis temperature of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is crucial for their development. The primary reason for adopting a high temperature is to enable the effective activation of high-melting-point solid boron. In this study, we developed a novel approach for efficiently activating boron by introducing alkali metal compounds into the conventional MgO–B system. This approach can be adopted to form various low-melting-point AM–Mg–B–O growth systems. These growth systems have improved catalytic capability and reactivity even under low-temperature conditions, facilitating the synthesis of BNNTs at temperatures as low as 850 °C. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory theoretically demonstrate that the systems maintain a liquid state at low temperatures and interact with N atoms to form BN chains. These findings offer novel insights into the design of boron activation and are expected to facilitate research on the low-temperature synthesis of BNNTs.
Bioinspired Passive Tactile Sensors Enabled by Reversible Polarization of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: He Feng , Chen Sitong , Zhou Ruili , Diao Hanyu , Han Yangyang , Wu Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots. Compared to active sensing devices, passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power, but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli. Here, we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired, passive, and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli. Specifically, to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells, conjugated polymers (including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, or polypyrrole) are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences. The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized. Then, a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs. Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices, the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition, high sensitivity (up to 773 mV N−1), ultralow power consumption (nW), as well as superior bio-friendliness. As demonstrations, both single point tactile perception (surface texture perception and material property perception) and two-dimensional tactile recognitions (shape or profile perception) with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms. This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.
Methods in causal inference. Part 1: causal diagrams and confounding
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A.
Published: September 2024

Causal inference requires contrasting counterfactual states under specified interventions. Obtaining these contrasts from data depends on explicit assumptions and careful, multi-step workflows. Causal diagrams are crucial for clarifying the identifiability of counterfactual contrasts from data. Here, I explain how to use causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to determine if and how causal effects can be identified from non-experimental observational data, offering practical reporting tips and suggestions to avoid common pitfalls.
A qualitative study exploring the acceptability of a telehealth intervention for family members of people experiencing a first episode psychosis: PERCEPTION
Authors: Marshall David , Keeffe Donal O’ , Carroll Megan , Cleary Emily , Ryan Dearbhail , Counihan Eimear , Naughton Sean , Geary Eoin , Clarke Mary
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Family members of people experiencing a first-episode psychosis (FEP) can experience high levels of carer burden, stigma, emotional challenges, and uncertainty. This indicates the need for support and psychoeducation. To address these needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a multidisciplinary, blended, telehealth intervention, incorporating psychoeducation and peer support, for family members of FEP service users: PERCEPTION (PsychoEducation for Relatives of people Currently Experiencing Psychosis using Telehealth, an In-person meeting, and ONline peer support). The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of PERCEPTION for family members of people who have experienced an FEP.

Methods:

Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted online via Zoom and audio recorded. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit a sample balanced across age, gender, relatives’ prior mental health service use experience, and participants’ relationship with the family member experiencing psychosis. Data were analysed by hand using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results:

Four themes were produced: ‘Developing confidence in understanding and responding to psychosis’; ‘Navigating the small challenges of a broadly acceptable and desirable intervention’; ‘Timely support enriches the intervention’s meaning’; and ‘Dealing with the realities of carer burden’.

Conclusions:

Broadly speaking, PERCEPTION was experienced as acceptable, with the convenient, safe, and supportive environment, and challenges in engagement being highlighted by participants. Data point to a gap in service provision for long-term self-care support for relatives to reduce carer burden. Providing both in-person and online interventions, depending on individuals’ preference and needs, may help remove barriers for family members accessing help.
Private Revelations: Warp and Woof
Authors: Martindale C. C.
Published: September 2024

At times, reading the strange stories of the Saints, we may feel: ‘This incident cannot be true: it jars on my artistic sense; it conflicts with my knowledge of history; it is “out of keeping” with theology'. Then we may feel irreverent; that it may be we who are ‘out of tune’ with sanctity. On the one hand, ever since the future Benedict XIV's De. • • beatiftcatione etc., ii. c. 32, it has been clear that the Church does not and cannot demand the assent of faith to any ‘private revelation'; but ecclesiastical approbation can ask our human belief in them according to the rules of prudence which offer them to us as probable and piously believable. The encyclical Pascendi (ASS; vol. xl; p. 649: 1907) says that the Church, when allowing the publication of such events, does not go guarantee for their truth, but simply does not prevent matters being published for which motives of human belief are not lacking.
What I saw at Konnersreuth
Authors: Ukban Hubert J.
Published: September 2024

Have the courage of your own convictions': this is the sense of the above maxim. From it follows logically the duty of expressing one's own opinion even if it differs fundamentally from ‘official medicine'. For there are situations in which silence does not represent a virtue but a fault.

The judgment upon Theresa Neumann of Konnersreuth (Bavaria, Germany), pronounced in 1927 (Erlangen) by Professor Dr G. Ewald, late director of the ‘Psychiatrisch-Neuiologisehen Universitiitsklinik’ at Gottingen, is still today looked upon as a ‘dogma’ in medical quarters. His verdict is hysteria.

In my view that diagnosis is wrong, as I myself was able to ascertain at Konnersreuth on 12th and 13th October, 1944, with my own observations. As a pupil of the ‘Psychiatrische Klinik', at the University of Vienna, Paris, etc., I also may venture a judgment on this question, since, as is known, the famous researches into hysterias started from Vienna.
Entry into the Night of the Senses
Authors: Pepler Conrad
Published: September 2024

If we are right in supposing that when Richard Rolle describes the third and highest degree of love he is really considering the illuminative rather than the unitive way, we can fit him very neatly into a pattern of spiritual development. Thus we discover his own personal experiences of burning love and heavenly sound entering into his description of ‘Singular Love’ which is in his own eyes the most perfect state. The special but accessory favours which he had received from God at the beginning of this new way of life were the love in his breast, which was so fervent as to convey even a physical sensation of heat, and an interior sound of heavenly music. And these we find as part of the permanent state of love which he calls ‘Singular'.
Two Treatises of St Augustine
Authors: Ross Anthony
Published: September 2024

Sometime in the first few years of the fifth century a deacon at Carthage began to feel discouraged about his work and wrote for advice to St Augustine. His letter prompted the short treatise known as De Gatechizandis Rudibus, a book on the matter and method to be used the preliminary instruction of would-be Catholics, which was to become one of the best known and influential of Augustine's works. Io considering the personal worries of the deacon Deogratias, he laid down principles whose force has in no way lessened with time. The treatise has all the psychological wisdom and the epigrammatic vigour which so often make Augustine's writings sound almost contemporary in modern ears. It springs from experience, as its illustrations show, and the repeated assurance that the problems of Deogratias were common to all engaged in routine instruction.
Resignation
Authors: Jarrett Bede
Published: September 2024

The object of our creation is union with God and that is the sole reason that justifies our being here. God's creation of us is a very great mystery; we cannot understand how this union can possibly be. God's infinite perfection, our imperfection; God in his splendour, we in our misery. And yet we believe, and the bridge that unites us is our blessed Lord. We must ask ourselves how it is possible that God can be united to such, worthless human beings. We could understand union as a reward to chosen spirits, faithful, undeviating, precious souls, but that we should be of that company seems astonishing. If it were a reward for heroic sanctity; but just ordinary souls…. And yet we realise that. Union is not easier between precious things, but between yielding things. It is impossible to mix diamonds with anything. It may be our very worthlessness that makes union possible.
The Way and The Means
Authors: Pepler Conrad
Published: September 2024

X is usually taken as the symbol of the unknown in modern thought. If a man wishes to discover an unknown figure or fact, he begins by positing ‘X’ as the object of his enquiry and then he proceeds to argue in such a way as to reveal the nature of that unknown. In the ‘argument’ of the spiritual life the process is largely reversed. Having begun with a ‘clear idea’ of God, derived partly from reason and partly from faith, the Christian gradually ascends the holy mount until this sun disappears behind the luminous cloud and he finds himself surrounded thickly on all sides by the Unknown. It is in many ways the conclusion of his search.

But having become aware that he is enveloped in this cloud of unknowing, the Christian may well take the opportunity to run over in his mind the way he came into this place and the means he had taken to ensure that he should ascend at every pace.
Job, God's Witness
Authors: Steinmann J.
Published: September 2024

Job is not a witness to God by the same title and in the same way as Abraham, David, Isaias or St Paul, for Job is a poetic creation like Oedipus or King Lear. Job did perhaps exist, just as did many of Sophocles's or Shakespeare's characters. But of the man Job, of the old Edomite sheik who lived at the time of the Patriarchs, the Bible tells us almost nothing.

Job comes into the sacred books as the creature of imagination and of a poet's dream. The man whose voice is heard behind the voice of the hero is the author. For Job is not only the fictitious character of a drama, he is witness to a religious crisis in the Jewish, soul. He utters the believer's cry of confidence in God. What he says is inspired by God. As such his grandiose figure, even though it be imaginary, which bears within itself the secrets of one of the.noblest of Jewish, minds, ought to find a place amid the Saints, Prophets and Sages who constitute the company of God's witnesses.
The Immaculate Heart of Mary and Fatima
Authors: Wainewright R. M. D.
Published: September 2024

As early as the Second, or the June, Apparition, our Blessed Lady said to Lucia, ‘Jesus wishes to make use of you to have me acknowledged and loved. He wishes to establish in the world the devotion to my Immaculate Heart'. She added, later in the interview, ‘Don't be discouraged. I will never forsake you. My Immaculate Heart will be your refuge and the road that will lead you to God'. In Dr Marchi's account, he writes, ‘With these last words she opened her hands, as she had on the previous occasion, and again communicated to them the light that streamed in two rays from her palms, enveloping the children in its heavenly radiance'.

In her Memoir (IV) Lucia records: ‘Before the palm of the right hand of our Lady was a heart encircled by thorns which seemed to have pierced it like nails'.
Parochial Spirituality
Authors: Evans Illtud
Published: September 2024

The parish church is the place of God's meeting with his children. God's house is the Christian's home, and home is the place to which you return.

The life of grace is for the members of Christ a common life, whose redemptive source is one, whose end is one. Its unity is symbolised by, indeed is effected on, that altarstone of sacrifice which gives to the church its meaning and reveals to the people of God their destiny.

Within the single circle of Christian life there are infinite varieties of Christian living. Each soul unique: but for all alike the need and fact of redemption, of incorporation in Christ the Lord of all. The irony is that the life of the Spirit, which is primarily the common life of unity, of being made one with and through Christ our Lord, should so largely be considered in terms of individual perfection.
Devotion for Every Man
Authors: Woollen C. J.
Published: September 2024

Christ's message, being for every man, is for the large body of unthinking as well as the more intellectual. In these days it must be admitted that the average man is not disposed to reason much; he prefers to accept mental fare that is given him without examining too closely its quality. He does not necessarily accept the conclusions of others, but that is because he has not troubled to make judgments about them. His mental attitude is more that of one who is willing to be entertained as an observer at an intellectual feast, and with a pronounced respect for the dictum of the expert. There is a general mental laziness making for mass-passivity, which provides the grand opportunity for the demagogue and dictator.

The unresponsiveness of the man in the street to a message that. demands mental exercise on his part has led us, in our campaign for the conversion of others to the Faith, to appeal more particularly to the intellectual.
Human and Divine Love
Authors: Norman George
Published: September 2024

Holiness on the heroic scale is sufficiently rare in itself, or so we believe; in conjunction with a profound and passionate love for a human being we believe it rarer still, almost a contradiction in terms. In our own times one whom, from the standpoint of our colder, more tepid lives, we may well consider a saint, has shown us the ways of sanctity, of active zeal so constant as to constitute heroism, and of human love, all united in a short life. This human and divine lover was Mario Chiri, one of the pioneers of Catholic Action which in Italy has produced an astounding crop of young men and young women of outstanding holiness; Mario Chiri is, humanly speaking, one of the most attractive of them.

Among the ways of Providence which may seem to our presumption least comprehensible is the early dying of men and women whose influence for good we feel has been abruptly extinguished. The simple answer is that death'does not end influence; on the contrary it often extends it; the radiation, more or less restricted, may by death become world-wide.
The Lump of Sin
Authors: Pepler Conrad
Published: September 2024

If we compare ‘The Cloud’ with Walter Hilton's Scale of Perfection or any other of the spiritual writings contemporary with that classic we shall be struck by the impersonal character of The Cloud. The Scale refers constantly to Jesus, the person, to whom everything returns in contemplation, and even a writer like St John of the Cross is really none the less personal in his approach to the source of faith and love. The Cloud does not often use the holy Name in spite of the great popularity of the devotion in those days; it is far more abstract and philosophical in tone. Struck by this difference we might be tempted to say that this latter was a natural, a metaphysician's, approach. A great deal of emphasis is laid on a quasi-metaphysical apprehension of Being as such, which might seem to depend on the personal exercise of the worshipper.
Development of a predictive scoring system for vitamin D deficiency ‘Vitamin D Deficiency Predicting Scoring (ViDDPreS)’ based on the vitamin D status in young Japanese women: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Kuwabara Akiko , Nakatani Eiji , Nakajima Hideaki , Sasaki Satoshi , Kohno Kenichi , Uenishi Kazuhiro , Takenaka Masaru , Takahashi Kyoko , Maeta Akihiro , Sera Nobuko , Kaimoto Kaori , Iwamoto Masako , Kawate Hisaya , Yoshida Mayumi , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Tsugawa Naoko
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common among young women and causes various health problems, including those that occur during pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, we investigated the risk factors for VDD in young Japanese women and developed a simple risk scoring system called Vitamin D Deficiency Predicting Scoring (ViDDPreS).

Design:

A cross-sectional study, using the following factors for multivariate logistic regression analysis to create the ViDDPreS score: residential area, season, cumulative ambient ultraviolet-B irradiation, BMI, vitamin D supplement use, sun exposure habits, frequency of habitual food intake and eating habits. The subjects were randomly divided into development and test sets for analysis. Serum 25-hydroxivitamin D concentration of less than 20 ng/ml was defined as VDD.

Setting:

Four regions (Hokkaido/Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu/Kinki/Shikoku and Kyushu/Okinawa) in Japan.

Participants:

Five hundred and eighty-three healthy women aged 18–40 years.

Results:

In the development set, the VDD group (68·4 %) had higher proportions of the following variables than the non-VDD group: residential area outside the Kanto region; blood samples obtained in winter; low BMI (<18·5 kg/m2); vitamin D supplement non-users; short time regularly spent outside on weekdays; intake of fish, vitamin D-abundant fish, dried fish and redfish less than once a week. VDD risk was classified as low, medium or high according to the ViDDPreS scores including these contributing factors, with a test set C-index of 0·671.

Conclusion:

We identified the risk factors for VDD in young Japanese women and developed a simple risk scoring system that enables us to assess VDD risk and aid in the development of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for this population.
A US perspective on special operations and the law of armed conflict
Authors: Coble Kevin , Tramazzo John C.
Published: September 2024

This article outlines and evaluates several unique challenges associated with legal support to special operations. It describes the essential differences between special tactics, techniques and procedures and conventional military operations. It offers a US perspective on how treaty and customary international laws apply to various special operations, including precision attacks against “high-value targets”, hostage rescue missions, and support to partner and proxy forces. It examines the benefits and drawbacks of heavy reliance on special operations during armed conflict, including an assessment of the legal challenges that arise when special operations forces become a primary feature of a military campaign. Finally, it highlights how the assumption of substantial military and political risk impacts the application of international law to special operations at the tactical level.
Zur Beziehung von Bullying, psychologischen Grundbedürfnissen und bedürfnisbezogener Wettbewerbsorientierung
Authors: Drengk Christian , Börnert-Ringleb Moritz
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Schülerinnen und Schüler, die bei Bullying-Prozessen als Täter auftreten, verfolgen bestimmte persönliche Ziele. Dabei kann es darum gehen, die psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse nach sozialer Eingebundenheit, Kompetenzerleben und Autonomie zu befriedigen. Entsprechend geht eine Frustration dieser Bedürfnisse oft mit Bullyingverhalten einher. Es ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass des Weiteren auch Wettbewerbsorientierung eine erklärende Rolle einnimmt. Daher wird die Hypothese untersucht, dass Bullyingverhalten neben einer erhöhten Bedürfnisfrustration mit einer gesteigerten bedürfnisbezogenen Wettbewerbsorientierung einhergeht. Zum Prüfen der Hypothese wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 561 Jugendlichen der Klassenstufen sieben bis zehn mittels Selbstauskunftsfragebögen hinsichtlich der zentralen Variablen befragt. Im Rahmen von gemischten hierarchischen Regressionsmodellen wurden sowohl die Beziehung zwischen Bedürfnisfrustration und bedürfnisbezogener Wettbewerbsorientierung als auch die Effekte der Bedürfnisfrustration und der bedürfnisbezogenen Wettbewerbsorientierung auf Bullyingverhalten geprüft. Die Analysen berücksichtigen dabei die genestete Datenstruktur. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Verbindung von Bedürfnisfrustration und bedürfnisbezogener Wettbewerbsorientierung hin und deuten an, dass die bedürfnisbezogene Wettbewerbsorientierung wesentlich zur Aufklärung von Varianz im Bullyingverhalten beiträgt. Dieser Befund kann hinsichtlich aller betrachteten psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse beschrieben werden.
Testing Obtrusiveness and Addressing as Determinants of the Intensity of Parasocial Interactions
Authors: Schreyer Tobias , Gleich Uli
Published: September 2024

Abstract: With the Two-Level Model of PSI, Hartmann et al. (2004) intended to overcome shortcomings in the field of research on parasocial phenomena. However, the model’s conceptualization of PSI and its implications have not been empirically tested yet. The study aims to test two central assumptions of the model. In an experiment with 128 participants, obtrusiveness and addressing of a persona were manipulated and the effects on experienced perceptual-cognitive, affective, and conative parasocial interaction were tested. As expected, obtrusiveness appeared as a significant predictor of the intensity of parasocial interactions. An effect of addressing could not be found. The study partially supports the assumptions of the Two-Level Model.
Multi‐Scale Soil Salinization Dynamics From Global to Pore Scale: A Review
Authors: Shokri Nima , Hassani Amirhossein , Sahimi Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Soil salinization refers to the accumulation of water‐soluble salts in the upper part of the soil profile. Excessive levels of soil salinity affects crop production, soil health, and ecosystem functioning. This phenomenon threatens agriculture, food security, soil stability, and fertility leading to land degradation and loss of essential soil ecosystem services that are fundamental to sustaining life. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in soil salinization at various spatial and temporal scales, ranging from global to core, pore, and molecular scales, offering new insights and presenting our perspective on potential future research directions to address key challenges and open questions related to soil salinization. Globally, we identify significant challenges in understanding soil salinity, which are (a) the considerable uncertainty in estimating the total area of salt‐affected soils, (b) geographical bias in ground‐based measurements of soil salinity, and (c) lack of information and data detailing secondary salinization processes, both in dry‐ and wetlands, particularly concerning responses to climate change. At the core scale, the impact of salt precipitation with evolving porous structure on the evaporative fluxes from porous media is not fully understood. This knowledge is crucial for accurately predicting soil water loss due to evaporation. Additionally, the effects of transport properties of porous media, such as mixed wettability conditions, on the saline water evaporation and the resulting salt precipitation patterns remain unclear. Furthermore, effective continuum equations must be developed to accurately represent experimental data and pore‐scale numerical simulations.
Overcoming bubble formation in polydimethylsiloxane-made PCR chips: mechanism and elimination with a high-pressure liquid seal
Authors: Gao Shiyuan , Xu Tiegang , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoyue , Wang Xuefeng , Jian Xiaohong , Li Xinxin
Published: September 2024

The thermal expansion of gas and the air permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were previously thought to be the main causes of bubbles and water loss during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), resulting in a very complex chip design and operation. Here, by calculating and characterizing bubble formation, we discovered that water vapor is the main cause of bubbling. During PCR, heat increases the volume of the bubble by a factor of only ~0.2 in the absence of water vapor but by a factor of ~6.4 in the presence of water vapor. In addition, the phenomenon of “respiration” due to the repeated evaporation and condensation of water vapor accelerates the expansion of bubbles and the loss of water. A water seal above 109 kPa can effectively prevent bubbles in a bare PDMS chip with a simple structure, which is significant for the wide application of PDMS chips.
Cocaine-induced destruction of the palate: a diagnostic and management challenge
Authors: Maloney Brian , Hinchion Kate , Conlon Niall , Omer Osama , Pierse Dermot
Published: September 2024

Cocaine usage is increasing at a rate faster than population growth worldwide. The habitual and chronic insufflation of pulverised cocaine is associated with the progressive destruction of the osseocartilaginous structures of the midface, termed cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDLs). These entities present a challenging diagnostic picture, mimicking other infectious, malignant and inflammatory conditions associated with midface destruction. CIMDLs can present along a wide spectrum of disease, with minimal palatal perforation to extensive sinonasal destruction. With the increasing usage of cocaine, there is likely to be a concurrent increase in patients presenting to emergency departments with these destructive entities. Therefore, there is a need to create awareness of this uncommon entity and to document a systematic approach that must be adopted to reach a definitive diagnosis which will subsequently inform management. We report four clinical cases of CIMDLs at varying stages of the disease process which presented to the Dublin Dental University Hospital between January 2023 and June 2024 and document their multidisciplinary management from initial presentation to eventual treatment.
Minimum intervention oral care: staging and grading dental carious lesions in clinical practice
Authors: Molyneux Lorraine Emma , Banerjee Avijit
Published: September 2024

Developmental staging of carious lesions is pivotal for appropriate ethical clinical decision-making in contemporary caries management. Accurate assessment of lesion extent/severity (staging) and activity (grading) allows practitioners to provide the most appropriate preventive advice and suitable interventions, enabling the implementation of evidence-based, person-focused, prevention-based, team-delivered and susceptibility-related phased minimum intervention oral care. Minimally invasive dentistry remains an important operative interventive option for cavitated lesions, but intervening at the right stage ensures patients are not started on an irreversible, destructive restorative cycle unnecessarily. This article provides an update on recommended practical methods for staging the extent/severity and grading the activity of dental carious lesions, especially for those clinical teams delivering primary care and needing to navigate remuneration systems.
Socialization causes long-lasting behavioral changes
Authors: Gil-Martí Beatriz , Isidro-Mézcua Julia , Poza-Rodriguez Adriana , Asti Tello Gerson S. , Treves Gaia , Turiégano Enrique , Beckwith Esteban J. , Martin Francisco A.
Published: September 2024

In modern human societies, social isolation acts as a negative factor for health and life quality. On the other hand, social interaction also has profound effects on animal and human, impacting aggressiveness, feeding and sleep, among many other behaviors. Here, we observe that in the fly Drosophila melanogaster these behavioral changes long-last even after social interaction has ceased, suggesting that the socialization experience triggers behavioral plasticity. These modified behaviors maintain similar levels for 24 h and persist up to 72 h, although showing a progressive decay. We also find that impairing long-term memory mechanisms either genetically or by anesthesia abolishes the expected behavioral changes in response to social interaction. Furthermore, we show that socialization increases CREB-dependent neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the mushroom body, the main insect memory center analogous to mammalian hippocampus. We propose that social interaction triggers socialization awareness, understood as long-lasting changes in behavior caused by experience with mechanistic similarities to long-term memory formation.
Egalitarian cooperation linked to central oxytocin levels in communal breeding house mice
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Duffield Callum , Swaney William T. , Bolton Rhiannon L. , Davidson Amanda J. , Hurst Jane L. , Stockley Paula
Published: September 2024

Relationships between adult females are fundamental to understanding diversity in animal social systems. While cooperative relationships between kin are known to promote fitness benefits, the proximate mechanisms underlying this are not well understood. Here we show that when related female house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) cooperate to rear young communally, those with higher endogenous oxytocin levels have more egalitarian and successful cooperative relationships. Sisters with higher oxytocin concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus weaned significantly more offspring, had lower reproductive skew and spent more equal proportions of time in the nest. By contrast, PVN oxytocin was unrelated to the number of weaned offspring produced in the absence of cooperation, and did not vary in response to manipulation of nest site availability or social cues of outgroup competition. By linking fitness consequences of cooperation with oxytocin, our findings have broad implications for understanding the evolution of egalitarian social relationships.
The Crime Scene
Authors: Butler Mark
Published: September 2024

Many specialists and agencies attend crime scenes; however, it is the Crime Scene Investigator who is the cornerstone at these incidents in terms of: observing, recording, enhancing, recovering, and managing forensic evidence and intelligence. This chapter includes updates to the continuing and unfolding history of the training and governance these professionals go through. An explanation is presented on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) accreditation, each United Kingdom police force is required to implement for ISO 17025 and 17020. In essence quality assurance markers of this forensic practice. The landscape of the Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) training and role has continued to evolve, this update incorporates these changes with further indication that digital evidence is becoming more engrained into the definition of trace evidence, with the CSI needing to adapt and expand on their knowledge into more digitally focused work. Changes that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic are discussed along with the softer skills the CSI has that are becoming increasingly important in Situation Crime Prevention and Harm Focused Policing.
Forensic Collision Investigation
Authors: Crouch Mark
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the different types of collisions that are investigated by forensic collision investigators. A wide variety of aspects are discussed including how the examination and management of the scene is undertaken, the types of evidence that may be recovered from the vehicles involved and the importance of human factors in any collision event.
Body Fluids
Authors: Crawford C. , Jarman C.
Published: September 2024

This chapter details an overview of the role of the forensic biologist. Within it we explore a wide range of current and future body fluid examination and testing methods. We detail the basics of DNA and its use in forensic science, describing the standard DNA profiling methods as well as considering more specialised techniques. This includes the interpretation of DNA profiles and their statistical analysis as well as the use of the National DNA Database. The chapter moves on to discuss the evaluation of body fluid evidence and ‘touch DNA’ and the intricacies of interpreting this evidence. Throughout the chapter we describe a Case Assessment and Interpretation approach within a Bayesian framework and detail how this is used to develop case strategies and assess the evidence through the life of a case, thus ensuring robust and balanced interpretations.
Firearms
Authors: Mastaglio Mark , Shaw Angela
Published: September 2024

An overview of the basics of forensic firearms examination and firearms chemistry is presented. Firearms and ammunition nomenclature, design and manufacture are detailed in relation to the work of the firearms forensic scientist whose work at the scene, post-mortem examination and in the laboratory is explained. Updated UK firearms legislation together with advances in laboratory and firearms manufacturing technology are also referenced. Particular attention is paid to the study of gunshot residue (GSR), its analysis, composition, persistence and its evidential value are discussed.
Forensic Entomology
Authors: Gennard Dorothy
Published: September 2024

Forensic entomology is a valuable tool and potentially the only means of identifying the post-mortem interval of a dead human or animal, when time of death determination is beyond the time frame in which the forensic pathologist can operate. It can provide a means of determining the time since infestation of a product or location where food contamination or nuisance is alleged as well as in cases of murder or suicide. Forensic entomology can additionally help provide a means of determining the length of time an individual, human or animal has been neglected or abused and as a result is infested with evidence of insects, mites, lice, or ticks. The insect, or indeed, arthropod life cycle, and its ecology combined with knowledge of how environmental conditions influence insect growth, provides information which allows evidential interpretation of crimes – both civil and criminal. Flies are the most frequent initial coloniser, especially where the body has been left or hidden on land. It is their life cycles which have been most comprehensively researched by forensic entomologists. Recent studies have focussed on differences in fly ecology due to geography and also the development of new identification techniques. Such developments, together with attempts to refine the current methods used to determine the post-mortem interval and reduce levels of error relative to the actual time of death, have increased the range of arthropods besides flies used to solve crimes and have provided further insights into determining time of death of an individual.
Forensic Examination of Documents and Handwriting
Authors: Stockton Anthony
Published: September 2024

The forensic examination of documents includes the examination of handwriting to identify authorship and the examination of signatures to establish authenticity. In addition, Forensic Document Examiners utilise a broad range of non-destructive techniques to study inks, paper, indented impressions and a host of other features to address legal issues. This chapter provides a summary of how handwriting and document examination is undertaken.
The Courts and Expert Evidence
Authors: Priston Ann
Published: September 2024

For any person, whether expert or lay, giving evidence in a criminal trial can be an intimidating experience. Apart from an extensive knowledge of their own specialty, its procedures and techniques, the forensic scientist should be able to present their findings in a manner that is fair and comprehensible in both written and oral form to the variety of recipients of the report. Even a scant understanding and awareness of the people and procedures in the court room will help the witness to deliver a better presentation. This chapter will introduce the reader to the different offences, the courts where they are dealt with and the people who deal with them. It will discuss the way findings should be presented in written form so as to comply with the demands of the Criminal Justice System as well as clarifying some aspects of court procedure, specifically in relation to forensic scientists giving expert evidence. It is entirely appropriate that this final chapter concentrates on the system used in the English Courts and the part played by the Expert Witness within that system. As most attendance by scientists is to the Crown Court its place within the legal system is emphasized.
CyaY and TusA regulate ISC- and SUF-mediated l-cysteine desulfurase activity
Authors: Olivieri Paolo , Crack Jason C. , Lehmann Angelika , Le Brun Nick E. , Leimkühler Silke
Published: September 2024

CyaY, the frataxin homolog of Escherichia coli, is known to regulate ISC iron–sulfur cluster assembly through binding to IscS. It also interacts with the SUF system, through binding to, and attenuating activity of, SufS.
Assessing the biocompatibility and stability of CeO2 nanoparticle conjugates with azacrowns for use as radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Khabirova Sofia , Menshikov-Tonyan Mikhail , Aleshin Gleb , Prikhodko Anastasia , Kozlov Daniil , Anokhin Evgeny , Babeshkin Konstantin , Titchenko Nikolay , Zubenko Anastasia , Shchukina Anna , Fedorov Yuri , Kalmykov Stepan
Published: September 2024

The application of nanoparticles is promising for the purposes of nuclear medicine due to the possibilities of using them as vectors and transporters of radionuclides.
Calcium chloride as an ionic response modulator in metal–organic framework-modified nanochannels (MOF@SSNs): enhancing ionic current saturation and selectivity
Authors: Huamani Angel L. , Laucirica Gregorio , Allegretto Juan A. , Toimil-Molares María Eugenia , Picco Agustín S. , Ceolín Marcelo R. , Passos Aline R. , Azzaroni Omar , Mamisollé Waldemar A. , Rafti Matías
Published: September 2024

Ionic transport in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanochannels modified with UiO-66 MOF was modulated by CaCl2. Ca2+ selective binding to carboxylate moieties enhances surface charge triggering an ionic current saturation regime.
1,2,3-Triarylazulenes as precursors of azulene-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Biesaga Justyna , Szafert Sławomir , Pigulski Bartłomiej
Published: September 2024

Scholl-type oxidation of 1,2,3-triarylazulenes, depending on the substitution pattern, yields either azulen-1(8aH)-ones or conjugated azulene-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Sustainable development goals of water preservation based on myths and local community wisdom around Penanggungan Mount, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Bambang Sigit , Segara Nuansa Bayu , Kerr Thor
Published: September 2024

Clean water for the world’s entire population is one of the SDGs. The local community around Mount Penanggungan, East Java, has a way to utilize and preserve water resources in its environment. This article will show how local communities’ myths, traditions, and values can conserve water. This research uses a qualitative approach. The research site is on Mount Penanggungan, the most popular destination, Tetek Belahan, and Jolotundo Temple. The subjects of this study were caretakers, village leaders, indigenous figures, tourists, and local communities. The object of this study focuses on extracting the meaning of myths and local wisdom relating to the SDGs. This study shows that some myths or mythologies significantly affect people’s view of water on Mount Penanggungan to this time. Some local traditions and values can maintain the preservation of springs located at ancient sites on Mount Penanggungan.
Fostering local SDGs performance with green government initiative: Insights from Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Megawati Suci , Alfarizi Muhammad , Eprilianto Deby Febriyan , Hilmi Ahmad Nizar , Fitrie Revienda Anita
Published: September 2024

Implementing Green Government Practices has become a significant focus in efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) locally, including in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia. Government policies and actions toward environmental sustainability positively impact integrating economic, social, and ecological aspects. This study aims to analyze the role of green government practices in the Sidoarjo Regency on the performance of Local SDGs with government information system moderation interventions. This study chose a survey-based quantitative approach in the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) of Sidoarjo Regency. Data collected from 140 respondents were analyzed using PLS-SEM analysis techniques. The results showed that Green Service Design and Sustainability Governance Orientation significantly influenced the performance of SDGs in Sidoarjo Regency. The implementation of green services and sustainable governance orientation by local governments help achieve SDG targets, such as health, sanitation, and energy sustainability. Government information systems are essential in moderating this relationship, highlighting the importance of investing in information technology to support sustainable practices.
Modelling Indonesian student pro-environmental behaviour: Empirical study of value believe norm theory
Authors: Feriady Muhammad , Farliana Nina , Kardoyo Kardoyo
Published: September 2024

Higher education has an essential role in improving the quality of the environment. In addition to research and scientific aspects, the habituation of environmentally friendly living behaviour must also start from campus. This is related to efforts to realize the goal of SDG 11, which is to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, which starts from habituation in schools. This research will focus on the structural modelling of various determinants in the Value belief norm (VBN) theory that determine environmentally friendly consumption behaviour. Next, this research will empirically test the factors in each determinant prepared to test this theory in economic behaviour. This research involved 277 students at Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. This research shows that altruism and bio-values exist in conservation activities, and conservation values have a very high role in influencing environmental awareness and environmentally friendly behaviour. Furthermore, environmental awareness continues to be vital to increasing environmentally friendly behaviour.
Predicting the potential of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract as an antibacterial agent for Escherichia coli: A crucial step towards realizing the Good Health and Well-being goal
Authors: Amaliah Afrida , Lailiyyah Hidayatul , Rifda Rifda , Pakpahan Okta Pringga , Purnama Erlix Rakhmad , Lisdiana Lisa
Published: September 2024

Using natural compounds to treat diarrhea is a local wisdom practice in several countries. Interest in plants with antimicrobial properties, such as holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaves, has revived due to bacterial resistance associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics. The use of natural compounds as potential affordable medicine may also support achieving the goal of good health and well-being. In this current study, selected compounds of basil leaves, i.e., eugenol, caryophyllene, and geranylgeraniol, were subjected to docking simulation to disclose their potential as an antibacterial agent to Escherichia coli. Molecular docking analysis was performed using AutoDockTools. It revealed that the geranylgeraniol compound had the lowest binding affinity energy (-6.3 kcal/mol) and RMSD value close to 2Å (1.889Å). Eugenol and geranylgeraniol have identical amino acid binding site residues as reference antibiotic ciprofloxacin and native ligand ON2. Based on these results, it can be concluded that geranylgeraniol can potentially be an antibacterial agent for E. coli
Mapping teacher problem-solving research: A bibliometric review of the literature in two decades and the trend to support the SDGs
Authors: Prakoso Albrian Fiky , Subroto Waspodo Tjipto , Andriansyah Eka Hendi , Sari Vina Budiarti Mustika , Ghofur Muhammad Abdul , Ginanjar Ardhita Eko , Srisuk Prattana
Published: September 2024

This research aims to use bibliometric methods to explore Problem-Solving by Teachers over the last twenty years. Furthermore, this research also wants to understand how problem-solving can develop and achieve conceptual and practical understanding in accordance with the quality education points in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study utilized the Scopus database as a source of literature metadata and then analyzed it using Bibliometrix software with Bibioshiny tools. 562 articles were initially identified, with 115 meeting specific inclusion criteria. This research reveals important themes in problem-solving by teachers, providing information that is easy to understand through pictures, tables, and maps. This research also analyzes the productivity of articles, journals, authors, and countries. This research also provides information on crucial research directions regarding problem-solving, including its application to teachers and students. The findings are valuable for future researchers as they inform practical implications for educators and policymakers. Thus, the contribution of this article specifically is that teachers can analyze problemsolving trends that are suitable to be presented in the learning process so that they remain in line with existing developments, while in general, this article helps develop strategies for implementing problem-solving according to 21st-century education.