bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of fully oral modified shorter treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, 2019-2020
Authors: Avaliani Teona , Sereda Yuliia , Davtyan Hayk , Tukvadze Nestani , Togonidze Tamar , Kiria Nana , Denisiuk Olga , Gozalov Ogtay , Ahmedov Sevim , Hovhannesyan Arax
Published: January 2021

Tuberculosis treatment is challenging, especially among people with drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. The introduction of fully oral modified short treatment regimen has a great potential to shorten duration of treatment, improve safety and ultimately increase treatment success rate. In 2019 Georgia has piloted the modified fully oral shorter treatment regimen in a routine programmatic condition. Our study aimed to evaluate effectiveness and safety of the modified shorter treatment regimen in Georgia among the first 25 consecutively enrolled patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis with proven sensitivity to fluoroquinolone and without prior exposure to second-line tuberculosis drugs. Regimen consisted of 9-month daily administration of bedaquilline, linezolid, levofloxacin, clofazimine and cycloserine. Study patients were enrolled between March-August 2019. We used a national electronic surveillance system, medical records and active TB drug-safety monitoring and management database to extract study related data. The mean age of the study participants was 48 years, 68% were male, 8% were HIV positive, 16% had diabetes and 12% tested positive for hepatitis C infection. The median time to culture conversion among 16 patients who were culture positive at treatment initiation was 1.0 (95% CI: 1.0-2.0) month. Of those, by the end of treatment 15 patients converted to negative. Out of the 25 patients in the study cohort 22 (88%) had successful treatment outcome, one patient (4%) died and two (8%) were lost to follow up. The regimen was largely well tolerated. Three patients (12%) experienced serious adverse events, of which in two cases were possibly related to TB drugs in the regimen. Seven patients developed adverse events of interest in eight instances, including musculoskeletal (twice), psychiatric, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression (once each). In four patients (16%) the duration of the treatment was extended beyond nine months due to insufficient radiological improvements. Our findings demonstrate that good treatment outcomes are achievable in people with fluoroquinolone-sensitive tuberculosis within routine programmatic conditions using fully oral modified short treatment regimen. The extensive use of fully oral modified shorter treatment regimen in Georgia and other high priority countries in the World Health Organization European Region is warranted.
The effect of diagnostic assessment programs on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Habbous Steven , Khan Yasir , Langer Deanna L. , Kaan Melissa , Green Bo , Forster Katharina , Darling Gail , Holloway Claire M. B.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Diagnostic assessment programs (DAPs) were implemented in Ontario, Canada, to improve the efficiency of the lung cancer care continuum. We compared the efficiency and effectiveness of care provided to patients in DAPs relative to usual care (non-DAPs).

METHODS:

Lung cancer patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Using administrative databases, we identified various health-care encounters 6 months before diagnosis until the start of treatment and compared utilization patterns, timing, and overall survival between DAP and non-DAP patients.

RESULTS:

DAP patients were younger (P < 0.0001), had fewer comorbidities (P = 0.0006), and were more likely to have early-stage disease (36% vs. 25%) than non-DAP patients. Although DAP patients had a similar time until diagnosis as non-DAP patients, the time until treatment was 8.5 days shorter for DAP patients. DAP patients were more likely to receive diagnostic tests and specialist consultations and less likely to have duplicate chest imaging. DAP patients were more likely to receive brain imaging. Among early-stage lung cancers, brain imaging was high (74% for DAP and 67% for non-DAP), exceeding guideline recommendations. After adjustment for clinical and demographic factors, DAP patients had better overall survival than non-DAP patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79 [0.76–0.82]), but this benefit was lost after adjusting for emergency presentation (HR: 0.96 [0.92–1.00]). A longer time until treatment was associated with better overall survival.

CONCLUSION:

DAPs provided earlier treatment and better access to care, potentially improving survival. Quality improvement opportunities include reducing unnecessary or duplicate testing and characterizing patients who are diagnosed emergently.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: January 2021

The ongoing Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has already been given a Pandemic status and also continues to be a public health emergency of international concern. The epidemiological analysis and the trends of mortality clearly suggests that even though, the disease is quite common in all age-groups, the disease has manifested in severe forms among elderly and those people who are having pre-existing medical illnesses. It is the need of the hour to ensure that both these high-risk groups are offered additional attention, without subjecting them to isolation or stigmatization, which decreases their overall probability of access to health care services. Further, it is extremely important to strengthen the risk communication mechanism and take appropriate steps for the relay of timely and trustworthy measures to the entire community, with special attention to the two high-risk groups. In conclusion, as the COVID-19 continues to increase in magnitude and geographical distribution, it is our responsibility to take appropriate steps to improve the wellbeing of community, with an additional support to the high-risk population groups.
Assessment of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents for Anemia Treatment among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Elamin Zeinab Mohamed , Badi Safaa , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig
Published: January 2021

Background:

Renal anemia is a cause of significant morbidity, and to lesser extent mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the leading causes of anemia in CKD primarily are the lack of erythropoietin (EPO) and iron. Thus, effective management is possible using oral and intravenous (IV) iron preparation and genetically engineered erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO. This study aimed to assess the effect of EPO in the treatment of anemia among hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods:

A descriptive, retrospective hospital-based study was conducted in Elshaheeda Salma Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. All patients who were anemic or had a history of anemia and undergoing HD during the period (January to June 2018) were recruited. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results:

A total of 191 anemic patients were included: 60% of them were males, and more than half of the participants were aged between 41 and 65 years. Clinically, the average duration of the dialysis among participants was 7.7 ± 5 years, and 97% of them had two dialysis sessions per week. Patients were used either IV or subcutaneous injection of EPO. 8000 IU/week were the most prescribed (52.2%) EPO dose. Whereas, only 6% and 18% were taking 100 mg IV and 150 mg oral ferrous sulfate, respectively. Furthermore, 70% of them were taking 5 mg folic acid. Moreover, the mean hemoglobin level among the participants at the end of the study was 10 ± 2.1 g/dl.

Conclusion:

EPO was effective in treating renal anemia in HD patients. Among the studied patients, 8000 IU/week was the most frequently used dose. The present study highlights significant low adherence to international guidelines in the management of anemia in patients on HD.
Cable Marking for Circuit Identification in Multi-Voltage Power Distribution Systems
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: January 2021

This SAE Standard establishes the minimum circuit identification and requirements for Multi-Voltage Power Distribution Systems (MVPDS) for use on trucks and buses. A Multi-Voltage Power Distribution System is one that distributes two or three voltages, up to 60 VDC, to power the controls, instruments, and devices.
Ceny leków – teoria i praktyka
Authors: Zawada Aleksandra , Korecka-Polak Anna , Kobuszewski Bartosz
Published: January 2021

Drug prices – theory and practice Prices of reimbursed drugs in Poland are regulated by law and closely monitored, which has been specified in reimbursement act. It contains, among others, rules regarding drug pricing, payments, limit groups and it also defines mechanisms of access to reimbursed medicines. In addition to aforementioned reimbursement act, the important role in drug policy in Poland plays the Economic Commission operating at the Ministry of Health and the European Commission. Current rules of drug financing from public funds in Poland are precisely detailed, and therefore may be incomprehensible to a large part of society. The aim of this publication is to present theoretical aspects of drug reimbursement and associated with this most common problems in practice.
Kluczowe zagadnienia dotyczące projektowania i realizacji programów polityki zdrowotnej
Authors: Patyna Monika , Płusa Aneta , Ziębińska Anna
Published: January 2021

The design, assessment, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of health policy programs Health policy programs (HPP) are since 2004 one of the available paths of implementing public health tasks by local government units (LGUs). The design, assessment, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of HPP is regulated by the Act on the provision of health services financed from public funds. In 2009 an obligation to receive opinions on HPP projects from the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariffs (AOTMiT, agency) has been introduced. Considering the increasing trend of HPP projects numbers sent for opinionizing by the Agency, this form of healthrelated activity is more frequently and willingly chosen by local government units. The experience of both LGUs and the Agency related to previously executed HPP in Poland indicates, that despite statutory changes and attempts to clarify the entries regarding this form of public health tasks in Poland, questions and doubts regarding the design, assessment and implementation of HPP still occur. Another issue discussed by the experts is whether HPP should become a mandatory task of local governments or whether they only supplement the public health system. In addition, an important subject of discussion by public health experts concerns the evaluation of health policy programs. There is an emphasis on the importance of designing HPP in a way that ensures implementation and performing actions that bring long-term health effects in the population. It also seems important to support this form of local governments activity in both substantive and financial terms. The Agency is one of the institutions that has an important role to play in supporting local government units in developing HPP projects of the highest quality, which has a direct impact on their effectiveness, satisfying health needs and improving the health of the population.
Good practice for guidance development – review of consensus methods
Authors: Siwiec Jacek , Konieczna Magdalena , Koperny Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The process of synthesizing scientific evidence and translating elaborate scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice is one of the most complex and significant initiatives in health care. In connection with the increasing number of recommendations, previously unformalised elements such as the process of consensus decision-making require developing a methodological approach. The use of consensus methods serves to reduce the impact of psychosocial factors in the formulation of recommendations and to increase the degree of process transparency. The aim of the publication is to present formal methods of achieving consensus used in the process of developing clinical practice guidelines. Materials and methods. The review focuses on results of reports analyzing the procedure and methods of developing clinical recommendations, with particular emphasis on the identification of consensus methods. Results. Many international and national organizations and institutions develop recommendations or adapt guidelines developed by others. They use both informal and formal instruments to deal with divergent expert opinions. The most popular formal methods of achieving consensus identified in the review are the Delphi method, the nominal group technique, the RAND/UCLA method, the consensus conference, and the combinations of individual approaches. Formal methods have been shown to lead to less biased and more reliable recommendations. Regardless of the method used, the guidelines should clearly define the quorum and document the process of agreeing a common standpoint on recommendations, guidelines and recommendations. Conclusions. Clinical guidelines have become an important tool influencing clinical practice. The participation of many experts representing the opinions and interests of different groups makes it necessary to apply a methodological and structured approach so that all participants have the opportunity to voice their opinion and to ensure process transparency, deal with misunderstandings and achieve a consensual position. The consensus methods allow to provide a wide range of stakeholders clinicians, policy makers, patients – with agreed rules of conduct in a given topic. The formal consensus methods and recommendations based on these methods combine scientific evidence with the practice and experience of experts.
The use of valuations of healthcare services in other countries (basic benefits basket) in the tariffing process
Authors: Fedoryszak-Rodź Magdalena , Świderek Maria , Tyszka Norbert
Published: January 2021

The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System is national institution supervised by Minister of Health. Agency is an advisory body in the reimbursement process. One of the Agency’s roles is setting a tariff for publicly funded healthcare services. Determining the cost of medical services is one of the most important conditions for valuating these tariffs. As in most European countries, the system of financing in-patient care in Poland is based on the Diagnosis Related Group system (DRG). DRG systems were created to increase efficiency in the use of available resources, and consequently to improve the quality of medical care. In order to compare the method and level of financing healthcare services with their equivalent abroad, the Agency analyzes information from other countries, especially those with GDP per capita similar to that of Poland. The Agency searches for patient group classification methods, payment methods, the shape of services and all factors affecting the valuation of services. The article describes the Polish inpatient services system against the background of solutions functioning in the world. The pricing process was presented, with particular emphasis on the process of obtaining data on foreign tariffs and their impact on the construction and pricing of healthcare services in Poland.
XVII-wieczne macewy z Chęcin – aspekty historyczne i kulturowe
Authors: Trzciński Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Seventeenth-century matzevot from Chęciny: Historical and cultural aspects The article focuses on the seventeenth-century Jewish tombstones made of a decorative limestone (the so-called Chęciny marble) in stonecutters’ workshops operating from the early seventeenth century in Chęciny. It discusses matzevot produced in this town both for clients from other localities (including Lublin and Kraków) and for local population (matzevot preserved at the local Jewish cemetery). It analyzes their artistic and technical values as well as the situation of producers and clients in a broader historical context (such as wars and epidemics in the mid-century). It also explores the tombstones preserved in Chęciny itself as historical sources for the study of the local Jewish community and the cemetery as such. The last part of the article includes a catalogue of eleven best preserved matzevot from the Jewish cemetery at Chęciny.
Unwarranted Notoriety? The Ritter Trials, 1882–1886
Authors: Kozińska-Witt Hanna
Published: January 2021

Moses and Gitla Ritter were accused of murdering the charwoman Franciszka Mnichówna. The accusation and trials which followed revoked the blood libel. In three circumstantial trials (1882–1886), despite the lack of evidence, the Ritters were found guilty and sentenced to death. Owing to the “ritual” nature attributed to the presumed murder, the trials became media events, followed by an international audience. The author discusses the course of the trials, considering whether and how the municipalities in which they took place exploited their unexpected popularity for promotional purposes. What importance did the urban elites attach to the trials? How can we interpret the three guilty verdicts, and what symbolic significance can be assigned to them?
Homoerotyka i autocenzura. Nowe spojrzenie na wczesną twórczość poetycką Szmuela Jankewa Imbera
Authors: Stepnowski Adam
Published: January 2021

Homoerotics and self-censorship: New views on the early poetry of shmuel yankev imber This article explores queer traits in the early poetry of Shmuel Yankev Imber. The paper identifies those spaces, where the sexual identity of the lyrical “I”was fluid and defied the sexual, social and literary norms of the poet’s time. The article emphasizes acts of self-censorship that occurred within Imber’s oeuvre in the short period between 1909 and 1914 when the poet published his second book. The article also discusses the social and literary context in which Imber lived and worked.
Rzemiosło żydowskie w Lublinie i jego instytucje w latach trzydziestych XX wieku
Authors: Sewruk Piotr
Published: January 2021

Jewish crafts in Lublin and their institutions in the 1930s The paper attempts to reconstruct the condition of Jewish crafts in Lublin in the 1930s after the new legal regulations for industry were introduced in 1927 (“The act on industry law”). Crafts in Lublin in this period were ethnically strongly polarized between the two groups. Jews owned 60 percent of all the workshops in the city, while Poles held the rest of the crafts and services. Jewish craftsmen dominated mainly in textile (tailoring) and leather (shoemaking) industries and services like hairdressing or photography. The article focuses primarily on quantitative and statistic aspects of the discussed topic. Jewish craft organizations (craft guilds), supporting institutions (credit institutions for craftsmen) and Jewish personnel of the Lublin Chamber of Crafts are also presented.
One-step Oxidation of Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorous using Wet Chemical Oxidation
Authors: Choi Jeong-Hwan , Shin Dong-Hun , Kim Hye-Bin , Kim Jong-Gook , Baek Kitae
Published: January 2021

Objective:This study proposed the simultaneous multi-oxidation of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous using modified wet chemical oxidation method.Methods:The multi oxidation process was based on the dual radical system with sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were activated at 40℃ and UV irradiation with 254 nm to generate the sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical. The organic matters were oxidized by the dual radicals, and TOC, TN, and TP values were compared with the control group.Results and Discussion:The dual radical system oxidized organic carbon to carbon dioxide effectively, and the TOC values were similar to the value obtained from the high-temperature combustion technique. However, the residual persulfate after oxidation process interfered the absorbance for TN and inhibit the complexation in TP measurement. The residual persulfate was effectively converted to sulfate by longer heating and UV irradiation, and the interferences were more sensitive to reaction temperature than UV irradiation time. As a result, a higher temperature condition was more effective and enhanced the applicability of multi-oxidation.Conclusions:The multi oxidation of TOC, TN, and TP was demonstrated by wet chemical oxidation, and the proposed method is expected to secure the sample and reduce the analytic time. However, the more suitable condition to enhance the accuracy of TOC, TN, and TP in the multi-oxidation system should be studied further.
Development of GHG Emission Factors for the Life Cycle of the Animal Manure Treatment Systems
Authors: Park Yoosung , Yeon Sung-Mo , Park Kyu-Hyun
Published: January 2021

Objectives:A whole process greenhouse gas emission factor was developed considering the direct greenhouse gas emission from the decomposition of livestock manure provided by the IPCC guidelines and the energy consumption of manure management systems.Methods:Greenhouse gas generated by animal manure management is divided into direct greenhouse gas emission by decomposition of manure and greenhouse gas effect in the entire process due to energy use by operating manure management systems. By obtaining and summing them, the whole process greenhouse gas emission factor for the livestock manure treatment system was calculated.Results and Discussion:Among the pig manure management systems, the greenhouse gas emission factors for composting, purification and liquefaction were calculated as 128 kgCO2-eq./ton, 123 kgCO2-eq./ton, 119 kgCO2-eq./ton, respectively. It was analyzed that 20.7% to 24.1% of greenhouse gas emissions generated in the process of managing manure were due to electricity use. As a result of analyzing the change in the emission factor according to the change in GHG emissions of the national electric power according to the 8th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, a change in emission of about 6% was confirmed. Based on the results of this study and analysis of direct GHG emissions from manure management in three major Western European countries, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, based on the manure management emission factor in 2017, GHG emissions of 48.9% to 70% compared to this study in all countries.Conclusions:In the greenhouse gas emission factor for the pig manure management system, the greenhouse gas emission from energy used in the manure management system operation represents a contribution of more than 20%, so improvement of energy efficiency of the manure management system in the future can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. As the GHG emissions of the pig manure management system are expected to change substantially according to the change in the power grid composition ratio according to the 8th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, it is necessary to study the application plan in preparation for the implementation of product environmental footprint certification for livestock products in the future. As a result of comparing direct GHG emissions by manure management with major Western European countries, the difference in emissions was found to be large, suggesting the need to develop a Tier 2 emission factor suitable for the situation in Korea.
PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DEL PROCESO BUFFET DEL HOTEL TRYP CAYO COCO
Authors: Becerra-Viera Yanelis , González-De la Cruz Idania , Espinosa-Nieto Leticia , Valdés-Vaillant Yailén de la Caridad
Published: January 2021

Los requerimientos del sistema turístico demandan cada día replantear los procesos, la forma, la estructura y todo lo que interviene en la organización del proceso productivo o de servicio. En este sentido el presente trabajo parte de la necesidad, de lograr la mejora continua de los procesos que conforman el servicio buffet, por lo que tiene como objetivo, proponer un plan de mejoramiento del proceso buffet para lograr la efectividad en la atención al cliente. En el trabajo se utilizaron métodos y técnicas como revisión documental, revisión de encuestas a clientes en el período comprendido enero – julio 2019 , entrevistas no estructuradas a directivos y trabajadores del área, revisión de documentos del grupo CUBANACAN y observaciones, para la aplicación de una propuesta metodológica que comprende cuatro pasos: diagnóstico del proceso actual, definición de las actividades críticas, rediseño de los puntos críticos y propuestas de mejoras, con un resultado de proceso mejorado y rediseñado, el cual fortalece su enfoque al cliente y posibilita tomar mejores decisiones en el desarrollo del servicio, todo lo que podría ser aplicado a otras áreas de la instalación y la hotelería en sentido general.

Palabras claves: mejora continua, enfoque a proceso, servicio buffet.
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA EL DISEÑO Y DESARROLLO DE LA GESTIÓN POR PROCESOS DE ALIMENTOS Y BEBIDAS
Authors: Hernández-Enríquez Osmany , Matos-Mosqueda Luisa , Benítez-Cortés Isnel
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo se realiza con el objetivo de diseñar e implementar un Sistema de Gestión por Procesos en el Área de Alimentación y Bebidas en el Hotel Tryp Cayo Coco. Se parte de todos los servicios de restaurantes, bares y cafeterías y se aplican los pasos recomendados por Lara (2004): Estos incluyen los requerimientos, necesidades y expectativas de los clientes, así como el continuo entendimiento de estos. El mercado y las políticas a desarrollar al respecto. Por otra parte, de determinan los procesos necesarios y la cadena de procesos para lograr su efectividad. Esto incluye el cliente, entradas y salidas del proceso, interacciones, así como el uso de herramientas para ayudar al desarrollo de la cadena de procesos. Como resultado, se presenta el sistema de gestión con el propósito, el responsable el cliente y sus requisitos. También incluye las entradas, salidas y recursos humanos y materiales, así como los controles del proceso. Se presenta el diagrama de flujo de bufé y especializados. Se evalúan los resultados de su implementación en dos años demostrando su efectividad.

Palabras clave: gestión de procesos, alimentos, bebidas.
TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE PÚBLICO Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA DEMANDA TURÍSTICA DEL CANTÓN SUCRE – MANABÍ
Authors: Zambrano-Cedeño Jessica Mariela , Nevárez-Barbarán José Víctor , Caicedo-Coello Jimmy Alberto
Published: January 2021

Los medios de transporte juegan un papel preponderante en el mercado turístico para tal efecto se realizó una investigación usando el método analítico descriptivo donde se abordó las definiciones del transporte terrestre y mercado turístico en general y específicamente del cantón Sucre, lo que permitió conocer el objeto de estudio y su movilidad en el espacio. Se desarrolló un diagnóstico de la oferta y demanda del transporte terrestre en la oferta se tomó como muestra los transportes: Moto taxis, cooperativas de taxi y cooperativa de transporte Tosagua; las dos primeras del servicio interno y la tercera de trasporte inter cantonal; el 40% viaja por trabajo y no son del cantón Sucre y les gustaría recibir información en las unidades de transporte, un 20% se dirige a las playas son extranjeros ,40% son habitantes del lugar. En la encuesta a los prestadores de servicio de transporte resultó que desconocen los recursos y atractivos turísticos del cantón Sucre un 25%, promocionan como ciudad de descanso 25 % y promocionan solo las playas el 50%. Se direccionó una entrevista dirigida a los representantes de las cooperativas de transporte en cuestión un 86 % están dispuestos a recibir orientaciones turísticas por parte de los organismos competentes y un 14% solo que sea una exigencia para laborar. Por medio de la observación se ratifica que no hay material publicitario de Turismo en las unidades de transporte. Se concluye que los actores del transporte terrestre deben aportar orientaciones claras y precisas al viajero, pues la calidad de información recibida por estos medios influye significativamente en la receptividad del turismo para el cantón Sucre.

Palabras claves: Transporte público, Turismo, Demanda turística, Turista, Excursionista.
Kişisel Sağlık Verilerinin Korunmasında İdarenin Hukuki Sorumluluğu
Authors: DURMUŞ Veli
Published: January 2021

Sağlık kuruluşları, kişisel sağlık verilerinin yoğun olarak işlendiği ve muhafaza edildiği yerlerdir. Her muayene ve tedavi esnasında bu veriler yeniden toplanmakta ve işlenmektedir. Bir kişinin ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığına ilişkin her türlü bilgi kişisel sağlık verisi kapsamında değerlendirilebilir. Bu nedenle, her hastanın muayene ve tedavi sürecinde idare ile paylaşmak zorunda olduğu veriler bulunmaktadır. Bu veriler bireyin sağlık ve cinsel durumuna ait olabileceği gibi sosyo-demografik nitelikte de olabilir. Dijital teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte, kişisel sağlık verilerinin elde edilmesi ve işlenmesi de kolaylaşmıştır. Ancak bu durum aynı zamanda kişisel sağlık verilerinin rahatlıkla ihlal edilmesine yol açmıştır. Hassas veri niteliğinde olan bu bilgilerin korunması Anayasada ve uluslararası düzeyde çeşitli sözleşmelerde temel hak olarak düzenlenmiştir. Bilişim teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte, kişisel veri güvenliğinin sağlanması ve idare tarafından kapsamlı koruma önlemlerinin alınması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde idarenin veya veri sorumlularının kişisel sağlık verilerinin korunmasında hukuki sorumluluğu doğacaktır. Bu derleme makalenin amacı, sağlık kurum ve kuruluşlarında kişisel sağlık verilerinin korunması ve mahremiyetin sağlanmasının önemini ortaya koyarak Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Danıştay kararları ışığında idarenin hukuki sorumluluğunu açıklamaktır. Ayrıca, idari sağlık faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi sırasında kişisel sağlık verilerinin korunmasına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROCK SLOPE STABILITY ALONG THE PROPOSED LERABIRE ROAD IN THE MERGASUR CITY, KURDISTAN, IRAQ
Authors: Qader Rebaz
Published: January 2021

The study of slope stability along the proposed Lerabire road in the Mergasur town, in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of NE-Iraq is carried out. To evaluate the stability of slopes, twenty stations were selected along the mentioned road, two stations in the rock slopes of the Shiranish Formation, eleven stations in the Bekhme Formation, six stations in the Qamchuqa Formation, and one station in the Sarmord Formation. In this study, the stability of rock slopes has been evaluated by the Landslide Possibility Index system. The results of the Landslide Possibility Index category in the rock slopes along the proposed Lerabire road ranges from a very low to low for rock slopes in stations 1 and 2 (marl and marly limestone of the Shiranish Formation, Moderate for rock slopes in stations 3, 4 and 19 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), High for rock slopes in the stations 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), stations 12, 17 (limestone and marly limestone of the Qamchuqa Formation), station 20 (limestone of the Sarmord Formation and very high for rock slopes in the stations 13, 14, 15, 16 (limestone and marly limestone of the Qamchuqa Formation), station 18 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation). According to Landslide Possibility Index category, the hazard category is Low in station 1 in the Shiranish Formation, but in station 2, 3, 4 and 19 are Moderate, moreover, in the station 5, 11, 12, 17, 18 and 20 are high. The rock slope assessment indicated that the height of the slope face, slope angle, a high degree of weathering, and discontinuities spacing are the factors that increase the failure possibility. To prevent landslide the ditch method is used in the Shiranish Formation rock slopes, the reinforcement techniques are used in the Behkme Formation rock slopes and rock removal methods are used in Qamchuqa and Sarmord Formation rock slopes.
HYDROCHEMICAL FACIES DESCRIPTION TO ASSESS THE WATER QUALITY OF HABBANIYA LAKE, IRAQ
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Mahmood
Published: January 2021

The present study depicts the hydrochemical processes controlling the variance in the hydrochemical facies for sixteen samples obtained from Habbaniya Lake. The water samples were analyzed for the major ions (cations and anions) data in mg/l, total dissolved solids in mg/l, pH unitless, electrical conductivity in μS/cm, and temperature in °C. Piper trilinear (three-line) diagram indicates the overall of samples belongs to class 1 (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-), category I (SO42- - Cl- and Ca2+ - Mg2+), and permanent total hardness (calcium chloride type). The contribution of cations in the Habbaniya lake was almost the same percentage (no dominant cation), while the SO42- is the dominant ion of the surface water in the Habbaniya lake. The analytical values showed that overall the samples were freshwater and low enrichment salts within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization standards. Irrigation parameters and water quality index were calculated for samples to assess water for agricultural and drinking uses for the inhabitants of the study area. The basic exchange is the exchange of Na+ and K+ ions in water with Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in materials which is exposed to weathering.
El tutor virtual y el aprendizaje colaborativo en ambientes tecnológicos
Authors: Méndez Vásquez Edvin Antonio
Published: January 2021

En las actividades que promueve el tutor virtual en los entornos de aprendizaje cooperativo se encuentran, especificar los objetivos de aprendizaje y socialización, formar los grupos de aprendizaje, explicar la tarea y estructura de las metas a alcanzar, monitorear la efectividad y apoyar a los grupos, a aumentar las habilidades interpersonales y de grupo de los estudiantes, y evaluar los logros de aprendizaje. El Aprendizaje Colaborativo en ambientes tecnológicos se refiere tanto a conectar a estudiantes remotos entre sí, como al uso de las tecnologías para diseñar las interacciones cara a cara. Las categorías de interacciones que facilitan la productividad en el aprendizaje son la explicación, la argumentación y la regulación, es el tutor virtual quien diseña y asegura la efectividad del aprendizaje colaborativo en ambientes tecnológicos.
Conviviality in Unequal Societies: Perspectives from Latin America Thematic Scope and Preliminary Research Programme
Authors:   Joaquim Elói Cirne de Toledo Júnior, Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America Maria Sibylla Merian Centre
Published: January 2021

The Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America (Mecila) will study past and present forms of social, political, religious and cultural conviviality, above all in Latin America and the Caribbean while also considering comparisons and interdependencies between this region and other parts of the world. Conviviality, for the purpose of Mecila, is an analytical concept to circumscribe ways of living together in concrete contexts. Therefore, conviviality admits gradations – from more horizontal forms to highly asymmetrical convivial models. By linking studies about interclass, interethnic, intercultural, interreligious and gender relations in Latin America and the Caribbean with international studies about conviviality, Mecila strives to establish an innovative exchange with benefits for both European and Latin American research. The focus on convivial contexts in Latin America and the Caribbean broadens the horizon of conviviality research, which is often limited to the contemporary European context. By establishing a link to research on conviviality, studies related to Latin America gain visibility, influence and impact given the political and analytical urgency that accompanies discussions about coexistence with differences in European and North American societies, which are currently confronted with increasing socioeconomic and power inequalities and intercultural and interreligious conflicts.
Assessment of the Role of Laparoscopic Management in Patients with Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Patel Priyank , Jaiswal Jaimini
Published: January 2021

Background: Present research aimed to evaluate the wellbeing and the effectiveness of laparoscopy for managing complicated appendicitis. Subjects and Methods: Present descriptive research was carry out on 50 patients at tertiary care institution of Gujarat for the period of 1 year. This study is including patients of complicated appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic management. Parameters studied included Age, Gender, WBC count, wound infection and hospital stay. Results: There was increase of total leucocytic count (leukocytosis) in most of the patients; Mean WBCs was 12.71 5.37. 33 patients had pus free IPF collection and perforated appendicitis (PA), 11 patients had turbid free IPF collection with AA (highly inflamed appendix), 2 case was mucocele of the appendix, 2 cases of appendicular abscess (3.3%) and 2 cases of gangrenous appendix. Conclusion: management of complicated appendicitis laparoscopically is practicable, secure and can present a small occurrence of infectious impediments, fewer post-operative pain, fast revival and improved cosmesis on the cost of extended operating time than OA.
Correlation of Hepatic Steatosis with Hepatic Fibrosis in NAFLD Patients by Fibroscan
Authors: Sehgal Rishabh , Mittal Jyotisterna , Singh Inderpal
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant cause of liver injury in the world. Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is now days commonly used as a non-invasive modality to quantify liver steatosis and stage of Fibrosis in the Liver. This study was done to the correlation of hepatic Steatosis with hepatic Fibrosis in NAFLD Patients by fibroscan. Subjects and Methods: All NAFLD patients coming to DMCH from 1/1/18 to 30/11/18 were retrospectively analysed for the presence of any correlation between Steatosis and Fibrosis using a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (kPa), respectively by Fibroscan. Patients with a history of significant alcohol intake, viral infection, severe weight loss, on TPN, on drugs like amiodarone, diltiazem, steroids were excluded. Along with this history of hypertension, diabetes and smoking were noted from the available data. Results: The mean CAP of all 446 patients was 310.58  53.55 and the mean kPa was 7.14   4.75. Overall there was a significant correlation between CAP and kPa in all NAFLD patients (p <0.000). This was also true in patients who were more than 20 years of age, who have increased levels of triglycerides and were obese. Patients with S0 steatosis had a mean kPa value of 5.33 and as the steatosis stage worsened to S3 mean kPa value also increased to a maximum of 7.63. Conclusion: Quantification of Steatosis by CAP has a significant correlation with the stage of Fibrosis, especially in patients with increasing age, obese and who have high triglyceride levels.
Eﬃcacy of Ultrasound Intrinsic Compression Strain Elastography in Prediction of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Correlation
Authors: Rapelli Ramakrishna  , Madhavi Thatipamula
Published: January 2021

Background: Different diagnostic modalities are used to evaluate and diagnose efficiently thyroid nodules. These include Clinical Examinations, Thyroid Function Test (TFT), Scintiscan, Ultrasonography (USG), Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), and Histopathological examination. However, clinical assessment, TFT and USG have been poor parameters for assessing thyroid nodules. The objective is to this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Ultrasound Elastography for the prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodule. Subjects and Methods:After obtaining written informed consent, demographic data such as age, sex and clinical features like, swelling, mode of onset, difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in breathing, hoarseness of voice obtained through an interview and recorded on predesigned and pretested proforma (Annexure II). Further these patients were subjected Grayscale Ultrasound, Ultrasound Elastography and FNAC. Results: Malignant lesions were noted in 19 patients on FNAC. Among them, 16 (84.21%) patients had malignant lesions while 3 (15.79%) patients had benign lesions based on combined USE and ECI criteria. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The sensitivity of combined USE and ECI criteria in the diagnosis of malignant lesions was 84.21% with Specificity of 81.69%, PPV 55.17% and NPV 95.08%. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study it may be concluded that, USE as determined by the Ragos criteria, TI RADS score are highly associated with malignant thyroid lesions and useful in differentiating the malignant thyroid lesions from benign ones.
Поліпшення експлуатаційних показників суднових дизелів шляхом кавітаційної обробки палива
Authors: Solodovnikov V.
Published: January 2021

Розглянуто можливість поліпшення експлуатаційних показників суднових дизелів шляхом кавітаційної обробки палива. Наведена схема системи підготовки палива з урахуванням можливості додаткового використання кавітаційної обробки палива. Вказано, що кавітаційна обробка палива сумісно з додатковою подачею повітря в зону кавітації сприяє розриванню C-C та C-S зв’язків палива. Експериментально встановлено, що при цьому забезпечується 3,2-4,7-е кратне зниження зносу поршневих кілець і циліндрових втулок дизеля, а також покращується технічний стан циліндропоршневої групи дизеля.
Визначення розподілу тиску в шарі неньютонівських мастил у суднових енергетичних установках
Authors: Sagin S. , Kryvyi M.
Published: January 2021

Проблема визначення тиску в мастильному шарі пари ковзання суднових енергетичних установок сформульована у вигляді граничної задачі для диференційного рівняння Рейнольдса. Отримано точне розв’язання вказаної задачі для неньютонівських мастил, що дозволило визначити розподіл питомого тиску в мастильному шарі пари ковзання. Виявлено ряд важливих закономірностей вказаного розподілу, зокрема залежність максимального значення тиску від радіального зазору і ексцентриситету в парі ковзання.
Обоснование параметров мелкосидщих нефтеналивных несамоходных судов дедвейтом 6000 тонн для реки Белая
Authors: Yegorov G. , Llnytskyi I. , Egorov A.
Published: January 2021

Обоснован концепт несамоходной нефтеналивной баржи типа «Белмакс» проекта ROB20. Проанализированы путевые условия реки Белая. Определены основные характеристики, разработана конструкция корпуса баржи с учетом выполнения требований МАРПОЛ. Получены габаритные размеры (длина х ширина х высота борта) 118 м х 22,6 м х 3,0 м, что позволило обеспечить при озерном классе «О 2,0» при осадке 2,20 м грузоподъемность в 4575 тонн, при осадке 1,80 м – 3544 тонн, а при максимальной осадке 2,75 м – 6000 тонн. Выполнен сравнительный анализ разработанного концепта с баржами-аналогами. Старые баржи типа «Бельская» проекта Р-27 с речным классом «Р» (либо неполноклассном «О 1,5») в исходном однокорпусном варианте при осадке 1,80 м берут на борт 2960 тонн груза, а при максимальной осадке 2,60 м – 4590 тонн. Характеристики баржи проекта ROB20 – 6000 тонн груза (осадка 2,75 м) при массе порожнем 880 тонн вполне позволяют причислить проект к ряду уникальных.
Richard Faltin ja Viipurin taidemusiikkielämän rakentuminen 1856–1869
Authors: Siltanen Riikka
Published: January 2021

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Tanssia ja tanssijoita Viipurissa
Authors: Laakkonen Johanna
Published: January 2021

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Ristimäen hautausmaan kirkon elämänkaari ja Viipurin ortodoksinen kulttuuri
Authors: Kemppi Hanna
Published: January 2021

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Jac. Ahrenberg ja rajamaan kansa
Authors: Ripatti Anna
Published: January 2021

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Epidemiology of maternal mortality in the Wilaya of Sétif, from 2014 to 2019
Authors:   Service épidémiologie et médecine préventive CHU de Sétif, Abdoun Meriem , Merabet Nadia , Nouiouet Nesrine , Rezig Fouzi , Saoudi Souad
Published: January 2021

Objectif. L’objectif de notre étude est de décrire le profil épidémiologique des décès maternels dans la Wilaya de Sétif durant les années 2014–2019. Matériels et méthodes. Les définitions utilisées sont celles de l’OMS. L’analyse porte sur les données observées à partir des statistiques des déclarations obligatoires des décès maternels par la mise en place d’un Audit National des Décès Maternels depuis 2014. Il s’agit d’étude descriptive desdécèsmaternels survenusdans la wilaya de Sétif, durant les années 2014–2019. Résultats. 141 décès maternels ont eu lieu entre 2014 et 2019. L’âge moyen des femmes décédées était de 32 ans (écart-type 5,7 ans). La tranche d’âge 25–29 ans est la plus touchée (33,3%). 79% des décès maternels ont eu lieu dans un établissement hospitalier public, 20% dans une clinique privée et seulement 1% à domicile. La première cause des décès maternels est due aux hémorragies obstétricales avec un taux de 37,6%, suivie par les complications de l’hypertension artérielle (22%) et l’embolie amniotique (15,6%). Les infections sont impliquées dans 5% des décès. Conclusion. De nombreuses améliorations sont encore possibles, d’une part pour connaître la cause exacte conduisant à ce drame, d’autre part, pour optimiser les soins notamment en matière d’hémorragie obstétricale et de complications hypertensives étant donné qu’elles demeurent les premières causes de décès.
Evaluation of EHO Algorithm’s in solving various real-life problems
Authors: Ridwan Ahmed R.
Published: January 2021

Abstract:  This paper, presents a new swarm-based metaheuristic search algorithm, known as Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO), which is proposed for solving various daily real-life problems such as benchmark problems, Service Selection in QoS-Aware Web Service Composition, Energy-Based Localization, PID controller tuning, Appliance Scheduling in Smart Grid identification and other problems. The EHO method is inspired by the herding behavior of elephant group. In nature, elephants live in clans under the leadership of a matriarch (female elephant), while the male elephants separate from their family when they grow up. These two behaviors are used by EHO as two operators: clan updating operator and separating operator, which will be used in the optimizing process. Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) is used to solve NP-Hard problems.
Use of Healthy Life Expectancy to Estimate Future Provision of Household and Personal Use Services
Authors: Foster Edward
Published: January 2021

Healthy life expectancy (HLE) combines a measure of morbidity with life expectancy to measure the average years of healthy life (YHL) projected for a cohort based on age, sex, and perhaps race or other characteristics, developed by public health officials to set goals and measure accomplishments in improving public health. Some forensic economists have adopted this data source to project how far into the future lost household or personal services should appropriately be claimed in case of death or injury. The measure of YHL adopted for the U.S. by the Department of Health and Human Services is not well suited to this forensic economic application; in the author's opinion, it is likely to overstate years of lost provision of household or personal services for an average member of the cohort; whether or not this opinion is correct, use of HLE invites vigorous cross-examination. The note concludes with suggested modification that would remove two objections to use of the measure for forensic economic application.