bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Marketing
Authors: Desai Alpana M. , Forrest Edward
Published: May 2013

We are living in a world wherein there soon will be more mobile phone subscriptions than people. In 2000 there were less than a billion mobile subscriptions worldwide. Today, there are more than 6 billion. Accordingly, it is predicted by the World Bank that mobile subscription “will soon exceed that of the human population…as it is common in many countries for one person to own multiple SIM cards” (Rosen, 2012). The socio-economic effect of this rapid and expansive diffusion of mobile communication is being experienced more than understood. The focus of this chapter is to examine the emerging character of smartphone usage from both the user and marketing practitioner’s perspective. Specifically, from the consumer perspective, profiles of smartphone ownership and use patterns will be delineated. From the marketer’s and business practitioner’s perspectives, strategic and tactical marketing applications of smartphone technologies will be documented. In addition, speculation on the near future impact of emerging mobile technologies on consumer and practitioner applications will be addressed. The chapter concludes with analysis and discussion of the current state of mobile analytics and mobile measurement. Mobile analytics and mobile measurement have not evolved as rapidly as the proliferation of mobile devices. Measurement and analysis of data generated from mobile usage remains in its nascent state due to the technological challenges of multiple operating systems, devices, and carriers as well as the lack of standards for technology and advertising specifications.
Does IT Bring Hope for Wellbeing?
Authors: Novák Daniel , Štepánková Olga , Rousseaux Sébastien , Busuoli Massimo , Carulli Marco , D’Agosta Gianluca , Gallelli Teresa , Uller Miroslav , Mráz Miloš , Haluzík Martin , Richter Paul , Martin Mike , Wilson Rob , Bettocchi Marzia , Mucci Tiziana , Pipitone Emanuela , Lamberti Claudio , Siena Annunziata , Descovich Carlo , Dvorácek Boris , Petioky Christine , Babic František , Lenart Marek , Wöhrer Alexander
Published: May 2013

The first part of this chapter reviews the design, implementation, and customer experience with the OLDES SW tele-care platform developed within the EU project Older people’s e-services at home. The OLDES solution has been successfully tested at two different locations: in Italy with the participation of a group of 100 seniors (including 10 senior citizens suffering from heart disease), and in the Czech Republic, with the involvement of a group of 10 diabetic patients. The suggested OLDES approach proved to be an effective solution for municipalities, hospitals, and their contact centres for providing health and social services. The project partners therefore decided to develop a second generation of the system called SPES (Support to Patients through E-Service Solutions), which started in April 2011. The SPES project aims at transferring the original approach and results achieved in implementing the OLDES focusing on new target problem domains: dementia, mobility-challenged persons, respiratory problems, and social exclusion.
Cyber Capability Framework
Authors: Dasgupta Shib Shankar
Published: May 2013

This chapter discusses a new theoretical framework, the Cyber Capability Framework, to broaden discussions on ICT for development projects in developing countries from simple growth and access through information infrastructure to an understanding of the complexities involved in the social developments of ordinary citizens. The six dimensions of the Framework, namely, information, technology, process, vision, skills, and management dimension, help in locating the ICT for development projects within the political, economic, and social contexts in particular developing countries.
A Conceptual Framework for the Design and Development of AAL Services
Authors: Queirós Alexandra , Alvarelhão Joaquim , Silva Anabela G. , Teixeira António , Pacheco da Rocha Nelson
Published: May 2013

A digital environment with a pervasive and unobtrusive intelligence able to proactively support elderly people in their daily lives, enabling them to live independently for longer, and reducing the need for long term care is the fundamental idea of the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). After considerable research investment, there is a good understanding of the domain problem. However, the need to broaden the scope of problems being addressed is undeniable. Ecological approaches for design and development of AAL services are required in order to reinforce a strong focus on people. The chapter presents a comprehensive model based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to characterize users, theirs contexts, activities, and participation, and to structure a semantic framework for AAL services.
Cost Estimation in E-Learning Design Project Management
Authors: Tezcan Mediha
Published: May 2013

The Internet is a revolutionary development of dimensions equivalent to those of the Industrial Revolution. All aspects of life are being radically influenced by this, sectors are being re-structured, professions are being re-defined, and modes of handling business, economy, education, public administration, politics, entertainment, and culture are being changed. Inclusion of the internet in the education technologies has led to radical changes in both formal education and also in remote education. E-learning, instructional design, and project management are three important concepts of increasing significance. In this chapter, the cost estimations aimed for the preparation of project management plans of e-learning systems, including education design, are discussed. Cost estimations aimed for project management, cost management, e-learning, education design, organization characteristics of e-learning systems, issues to be taken into consideration in e-learning project management, and preparation of e-learning project management plan preparation are made. The economic impacts of e-learning instructional design project management are discussed.
ERP Systems in Arab Education Sector
Authors: Al Kilani Bashaer , Adlouni Souha , Al Ahbabi Sara , Al Yahyaei Zainab
Published: May 2013

Education leaders are challenged with maintaining high level information systems that are capable of generating real time complex reports which help in planning an institute’s resources and take the risk of decision making. To meet this challenge, an effective ERP system could help schools manage their resources and time. The main goal of this chapter is to develop a better understanding of the best practices and effective methodologies associated with the implementation and utilization of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the Arab Education sector. The chapter is also intended to familiarize Arab educational leaders with the key challenges and issues that could be encountered while implementing ERP systems in their educational institutions, and how to adequately cope with such challenges and issues to ascertain the acceptance and satisfaction of end users and stakeholders. It also tries to potentially contribute to enhancing the institutions’ performance and quality of education and learning as well as promoting organizational efficiency, institutional transparency, flexibility and mobility for students and staff access to services, and data anytime and anywhere.
Flexibility for Distributed Workflows
Authors: Reichert Manfred , Bauer Thomas , Dadam Peter
Published: May 2013

This chapter shows how flexibility can be realized for distributed workflows. The capability to dynamically adapt workflow instances during runtime (e.g., to add, delete or move activities) constitutes a fundamental challenge for any workflow management system (WfMS). While there has been significant research on ad-hoc workflow changes and on related correctness issues, there exists only little work on how to provide respective runtime flexibility in an enterprise-wide context as well. Here, scalability at the presence of high loads constitutes an essential requirement, often necessitating distributed (i.e., piecewise) control of a workflow instance by different workflow servers, which should be as independent from each other as possible. This chapter presents advanced concepts and techniques for enabling ad-hoc workflow changes in a distributed WfMS as well. Our focus is on minimizing the communication costs among workflow servers, while ensuring a correct execution behavior as well as correctness of ad-hoc workflow changes at any time.
HLA Class I Antibodies Trigger Increased Adherence of Monocytes to Endothelial Cells by Eliciting an Increase in Endothelial P-Selectin and, Depending on Subclass, by Engaging FcγRs
Authors: Valenzuela Nicole M. , Mulder Arend , Reed Elaine F.
Published: May 2013

Ab-mediated rejection (AMR) of solid organ transplants is characterized by intragraft macrophages. It is incompletely understood how donor-specific Ab binding to graft endothelium promotes monocyte adhesion, and what, if any, contribution is made by the Fc region of the Ab. We investigated the mechanisms underlying monocyte recruitment by HLA class I (HLA I) Ab–activated endothelium. We used a panel of murine mAbs of different subclasses to crosslink HLA I on human aortic, venous, and microvascular endothelial cells and measured the binding of human monocytic cell lines and peripheral blood monocytes. Both anti–HLA I murine (m)IgG1 and mIgG2a induced endothelial P-selectin, which was required for monocyte adhesion to endothelium irrespective of subclass. mIgG2a but not mIgG1 could bind human FcγRs. Accordingly, HLA I mIgG2a but not mIgG1 treatment of endothelial cells significantly augmented recruitment, predominantly through FcγRI, and, to a lesser extent, FcγRIIa. Moreover, HLA I mIgG2a promoted firm adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through Mac-1, which may explain the prominence of monocytes during AMR. We confirmed these observations using human HLA allele-specific mAbs and IgG purified from transplant patient sera. HLA I Abs universally elicit endothelial exocytosis leading to monocyte adherence, implying that P-selectin is a putative therapeutic target to prevent macrophage infiltration during AMR. Importantly, the subclass of donor-specific Ab may influence its pathogenesis. These results imply that human IgG1 and human IgG3 should have a greater capacity to trigger monocyte infiltration into the graft than IgG2 or IgG4 due to enhancement by FcγR interactions.
Metabolic Adaptation of Neutrophils in Cystic Fibrosis Airways Involves Distinct Shifts in Nutrient Transporter Expression
Authors: Laval Julie , Touhami Jawida , Herzenberg Leonore A. , Conrad Carol , Taylor Naomi , Battini Jean-Luc , Sitbon Marc , Tirouvanziam Rabindra
Published: May 2013

Inflammatory conditions can profoundly alter human neutrophils, a leukocyte subset generally viewed as terminally differentiated and catabolic. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, neutrophils recruited to CF airways show active exocytosis and sustained phosphorylation of prosurvival, metabolic pathways. Because the CF airway lumen is also characterized by high levels of free glucose and amino acids, we compared surface expression of Glut1 (glucose) and ASCT2 (neutral amino acids) transporters, as well as that of PiT1 and PiT2 (inorganic phosphate transporters), in blood and airway neutrophils, using specific retroviral envelope-derived ligands. Neither nutrient transporter expression nor glucose uptake was altered on blood neutrophils from CF patients compared with healthy controls. Notably, however, airway neutrophils of CF patients had higher levels of PiT1 and Glut1 and increased glucose uptake compared with their blood counterparts. Based on primary granule exocytosis and scatter profiles, CF airway neutrophils could be divided into two subsets, with one of the subsets characterized by more salient increases in Glut1, ASCT2, PiT1, and PiT2 expression. Moreover, in vitro exocytosis assays of blood neutrophils suggest that surface nutrient transporter expression is not directly associated with primary (or secondary) granule exocytosis. Although expression of nutrient transporters on CF blood or airway neutrophils was not altered by genotype, age, gender, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, oral steroid treatment decreased Glut1 and PiT2 levels in blood neutrophils. Thus, neutrophils recruited from blood into the CF airway lumen display augmented cell surface nutrient transporter expression and glucose uptake, consistent with metabolic adaptation.
Monocyte-Derived IL-5 Reduces TNF Production byMycobacterium tuberculosis–specific CD4 T Cells during SIV/M. tuberculosisCoinfection
Authors: Diedrich Collin R. , Mattila Joshua T. , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: May 2013

HIV-infected individuals are significantly more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) than uninfected individuals. Although it is established that HIV reduces Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific T cell responses, the causes of this dysfunction are not known. We used the cynomolgus macaque model of TB to demonstrate that ex vivo SIV reduces the frequency of M. tuberculosis–specific TNF and IFN-γ–producing T cells within 24 h after infection. In vivo, T cell IFN-γ responses in granulomas from animals with SIV/M. tuberculosis coinfection were lower than SIV-negative animals with active TB. The SIV effects on the inhibition of T cell responses were primarily on APCs and not the T cells directly. Specifically, reductions in the frequency of TNF-producing M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells were caused, at least in part, by SIV-induced production of monocyte derived IL-5.
Mutated PPP1R3B Is Recognized by T Cells Used To Treat a Melanoma Patient Who Experienced a Durable Complete Tumor Regression
Authors: Lu Yong-Chen , Yao Xin , Li Yong F. , El-Gamil Mona , Dudley Mark E. , Yang James C. , Almeida Jorge R. , Douek Daniel C. , Samuels Yardena , Rosenberg Steven A. , Robbins Paul F.
Published: May 2013

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma. However, most of the Ag targets recognized by effective melanoma-reactive TILs remain elusive. In this study, patient 2369 experienced a complete response, including regressions of bulky liver tumor masses, ongoing beyond 7 y following adoptive TIL transfer. The screening of a cDNA library generated from the autologous melanoma cell line resulted in the isolation of a mutated protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3B (PPP1R3B) gene product. The mutated PPP1R3B peptide represents the immunodominant epitope recognized by tumor-reactive T cells in TIL 2369. Five years following adoptive transfer, peripheral blood T lymphocytes obtained from patient 2369 recognized the mutated PPP1R3B epitope. These results demonstrate that adoptive T cell therapy targeting a tumor-specific Ag can mediate long-term survival for a patient with metastatic melanoma. This study also provides an impetus to develop personalized immunotherapy targeting tumor-specific, mutated Ags.
Superantigen-Induced Steroid Resistance Depends on Activation of Phospholipase Cβ2
Authors: Verhaar Auke P. , Wildenberg Manon E. , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Vos Anne Christine W. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Löwenberg Mark , Hommes Daniel W. , van den Brink Gijs R.
Published: May 2013

The glucocorticoid receptor is present in a TCR-associated complex, which includes the Src family tyrosine kinase Lck. Glucocorticoids rapidly dissociate this complex, resulting in the inhibition of canonical Lck-phospholipase C (PLC)γ–dependent TCR signaling. The relative importance of this nongenomic role for the glucocorticoid receptor compared with its direct transcriptional effects is not known. Superantigens induce a state of steroid resistance in activated T cells. It was reported that, in addition to canonical Lck-PLCγ signaling, superantigens can activate a noncanonical G protein–PLCβ–dependent signaling pathway. In this study, we show that staphylococcal enterotoxin B activates a Gαq and PLCβ2–dependent pathway in human T cells. We find that this pathway bypasses the need for canonical Lck-PLCγ signaling in T cell activation and renders superantigen-stimulated T cells insensitive to glucocorticoids in vitro. We show that the PLCβ inhibitor U-73122 sensitizes staphylococcal enterotoxin B–treated mice to dexamethasone in vivo. In conclusion, we find that effects of glucocorticoids on TCR-induced T cell proliferation are mainly nongenomic and can be bypassed by the activation of an Lck-independent signaling pathway.
Pleiotropic Potential of Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin for NF-κB Suppression via Reactive Oxygen Species and Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Nakajima Shotaro , Kato Hironori , Gu Liubao , Takahashi Shuhei , Johno Hisashi , Umezawa Kazuo , Kitamura Masanori
Published: May 2013

Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) is a low-m.w. compound that strongly inhibits NF-κB. Previous reports showed that DHMEQ directly binds to specific cysteine residues of NF-κB subunits and thereby inhibits their nuclear translocation and DNA binding. In this work, we describe novel mechanisms by which DHMEQ suppresses cytokine-triggered activation of NF-κB. We found that sustained exposure of renal tubular cells to DHMEQ blocked TNF-α– and IL-1β–induced TGF-β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation, a crucial event for NF-κB activation upstream of IκB kinase. This inhibition was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), because of the following: 1) DHMEQ caused generation of ROS; 2) pretreatment with ROS generator inhibited cytokine-induced TAK1 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation; and 3) scavenging of ROS attenuated the suppressive effects of DHMEQ on TAK1 and NF-κB. We also found that DHMEQ caused the unfolded protein response (UPR) through generation of ROS. Alleviation of the UPR by chemical and genetic chaperones partially attenuated the suppressive effect of DHMEQ on NF-κB. The UPR-mediated inhibition of NF-κB occurred downstream of degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of p65. Subsequent experiments revealed the following: 1) DHMEQ caused selective induction of C/EBPβ through the UPR; 2) overexpression of C/EBPβ suppressed activation of NF-κB; 3) knockdown of C/EBPβ attenuated the inhibitory effect of DHMEQ; and 4) DHMEQ-induced expression of C/EBPβ did not affect TNF-α–triggered degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of p65. These results suggest that, in addition to its known effect on nuclear translocation of NF-κB, DHMEQ interferes with the cytokine-induced NF-κB signaling via generation of ROS at both upstream and downstream of the IκB kinase–IκB level.
Y Chromosome–Linked B and NK Cell Deficiency in Mice
Authors: Sun Shu-lan , Horino Satoshi , Itoh-Nakadai Ari , Kawabe Takeshi , Asao Atsuko , Takahashi Takeshi , So Takanori , Funayama Ryo , Kondo Motonari , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi , Nakayama Keiko , Ishii Naoto
Published: May 2013

There are no primary immunodeficiency diseases linked to the Y chromosome, because the Y chromosome does not contain any vital genes. We have established a novel mouse strain in which all males lack B and NK cells and have Peyer’s patch defects. By 10 wk of age, 100% of the males had evident immunodeficiencies. Mating these immunodeficient males with wild-type females on two different genetic backgrounds for several generations demonstrated that the immunodeficiency is linked to the Y chromosome and is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Although multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the Y chromosome in the mutant male mice was one third shorter than that in wild-type males, exome sequencing did not identify any significant gene mutations. The precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Bone marrow chimeric analyses demonstrated that an intrinsic abnormality in bone marrow hematopoietic cells causes the B and NK cell defects. Interestingly, fetal liver cells transplanted from the mutant male mice reconstituted B and NK cells in lymphocyte-deficient Il2rg−/− recipient mice, whereas adult bone marrow transplants did not. Transducing the EBF gene, a master transcription factor for B cell development, into mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells rescued B cell but not NK cell development both in vitro and in vivo. These Y chromosome–linked immunodeficient mice, which have preferential B and NK cell defects, may be a useful model of lymphocyte development.
The Proto-Oncogene c-mycRegulates Antibody Secretion and Ig Class Switch Recombination
Authors: Fernández David , Ortiz Maitane , Rodríguez Lorena , García Arancha , Martinez Dolores , Moreno de Alborán Ignacio
Published: May 2013

The immune response involves the generation of Ab-secreting cells and memory B cells through a process called terminal B lymphocyte differentiation. This program requires the transcriptional repressor Blimp-1, which inhibits c-myc expression and terminates proliferation. Although the role of c-Myc in cell proliferation is well characterized, it is not known whether it has other functions in terminal differentiation. In this study, we show that c-Myc not only regulates cell proliferation, but it is also essential for Ab-secreting cell function and differentiation in vivo. c-Myc–deficient B lymphocytes hypersecrete IgM and do not undergo Ig class switch recombination (CSR). CSR has been previously linked to proliferation, and in this study we mechanistically link class switching and proliferation via c-Myc. We observed that c-Myc regulates CSR by transcriptionally activating the B cell–specific factor activation-induced cytidine deaminase. By linking cell proliferation and CSR, c-Myc is thus a critical component for a potent immune response
Mapping onto the mathematics curriculum – an opportunity for teachers to learn
Authors: Shalem Yael , Sapire Ingrid , Huntley Belinda
Published: May 2013

Curriculum mapping is a common practice amongst test designers but not amongst teachers. As part of the Data Informed Practice Improvement Project’s (DIPIP) attempt to de-fetishise accountability assessment, teachers were tasked to investigate the alignment of a large-scale assessment with the South African mathematics curriculum. About 50 mathematics teachers from Grade 3–9 worked in groups together with subject facilitators from the Gauteng Department of Education and a university postgraduate student or lecturer who acted as group leader. The first project activity, curriculum mapping, provided a professional development opportunity in which groups mapped mathematical assessment items to the assessment standards of the curriculum. The items were taken from three sources: the 2006 and 2007 International Competitions and Assessments for Schools tests and from ‘own tests’ developed by the groups in the last term of the project. Groups were required to analyse the knowledge base underlying test items and to reflect on what they teach in relation to what the curriculum intends them to teach. They used a protocol (mapping template) to record their responses. This article deals with the question of how to transform data collected from large- scale learner assessments into structured learning opportunities for teachers. The findings were that through the curriculum mapping activity, groups became more aware of what is intended by the curriculum and how this differs from what is enacted in their classes. The findings were also that the capacity of groups to align content was better when they worked with leaders and that with more experience they gained confidence in mapping test items against the curriculum and made better judgments in relation to curriculum alignment. Involving teachers in the interpretation of both public assessment data and data from their own classroom activities can build their own understanding of the knowledge base of test items and of the curriculum.
An Update on Global Tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Talip Balkis A. , Sleator Roy D. , Lowery Colm J. , Dooley James S.G. , Snelling William J.
Published: May 2013

Tuberculosis globally results in almost 2 million human deaths annually, with 1 in 4 deaths from tuberculosis being human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related. Primarily a pathogen of the respiratory system, aerobic Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infects the lungs via the inhalation of infected aerosol droplets generated by people with pulmonary disease through coughing. This review focuses on M. tuberculosis transmission, epidemiology, detection methods and technologies.
K-theory of Furstenberg Transformation Group C*-algebras
Authors: Reihani Kamran
Published: May 2013

This paper studies the K-theoretic invariants of the crossed product C*-algebras associated with an important family of homeomorphisms of the tori Tn called Furstenberg transformations. Using the Pimsner–Voiculescu theorem, we prove that given n, the K-groups of those crossed products whose corresponding n × n integer matrices are unipotent of maximal degree always have the same rank an. We show using the theory developed here that a claim made in the literature about the torsion subgroups of these K-groups is false. Using the representation theory of the simple Lie algebra sl(2;C), we show that, remarkably, an has a combinatorial significance. For example, every a2n+1 is just the number of ways that 0 can be represented as a sum of integers between–n and n (with no repetitions). By adapting an argument of van Lint (in which he answered a question of Erdős), a simple explicit formula for the asymptotic behavior of the sequence {an} is given. Finally, we describe the order structure of the K0-groups of an important class of Furstenberg crossed products, obtaining their complete Elliott invariant using classification results of H. Lin and N. C. Phillips.
Curvature of K-contact Semi-Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Perrone Domenico
Published: May 2013

In this paper we characterize K-contact semi-Riemannian manifolds and Sasakian semi- Riemannian manifolds in terms of curvature. Moreover, we show that any conformally flat K-contact semi-Riemannian manifold is Sasakian and of constant sectional curvature κ = ɛ, where ɛ = ± denotes the causal character of the Reeb vector field. Finally, we give some results about the curvature of a K-contact Lorentzian manifold.
Interruption of Onchocerca volvulus Transmission in the Abu Hamed Focus, Sudan
Authors: Higazi Tarig B. , Zarroug Isam M. A. , Mohamed Hanan A. , ElMubark Wigdan A. , Deran Tong Chor M. , Aziz Nabil , Katabarwa Moses , Hassan Hassan K. , Unnasch Thomas R. , Mackenzie Charles D. , Richards Frank , Hashim Kamal
Published: May 2013

Abu Hamed, Sudan, the northernmost location of onchocerciasis in the world, began community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) in 1998, with annual treatments enhanced to semiannual in 2007. We assessed the status of the parasite transmission in 2011 entomologically, parasitologically, and serologically. O-150 pool screening showed no parasite DNA in 17,537 black flies collected in 2011 (95% confidence interval upper limit [95% CI UL] = 0.023). Skin microfilariae, nodules, and signs of skin disease were absent in 536 individuals in seven local communities. Similarly, no evidence of Onchocerca volvulus Ov16 antibodies was found in 6,756 school children ≤ 10 years (95% CI UL = 0.03%). Because this assessment of the focus meets the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for interrupted transmission, treatment was halted in 2012, and a post-treatment surveillance period was initiated in anticipation of declaration of disease elimination in this area. We provide the first evidence in East Africa that long-term CDTI alone can interrupt transmission of onchocerciasis.
An Occupational Therapy Intervention Service to Hostels for Homeless People: An Overview
Authors: Parmenter Vanessa , Fieldhouse Jon , Barham Ruth
Published: May 2013

This evaluation of an Occupational Therapy Intervention Service within homeless persons' hostels in Bristol, England, highlights the efficacy of occupational therapy with this service user group and reflects on the practicalities of delivering such a service in an inter-agency context.

Occupational therapy engaged homeless individuals with complex needs who were often defended against change in their own lives. Over 7 months an Occupational Therapy Intervention Service provided an individual service for 16 residents and made a further 542 contacts through group work. The creation of psychosocial microenvironments within hostels allowed individuals to experience themselves differently and contemplate the possibility of change. The importance of collaborative working between occupational therapists and hostel staff is examined in the light of the psychologically informed environments agenda.
Competing with Costco and Sam's Club: Warehouse Club Entry and Grocery Prices
Authors: Courtemanche Charles , Carden Art
Published: May 2013

Prior research shows that grocery stores reduce prices to compete with Walmart Supercenters. This study finds evidence that the competitive effects of two other big‐box retailers—Costco and Walmart‐owned Sam's Club—are quite different. Using city‐level panel grocery price data matched with a unique data set on Walmart and warehouse club locations, we find that Costco entry is associated with higher grocery prices at incumbent retailers and that the effect is strongest in cities with small populations and high grocery store densities. This is consistent with incumbents competing with Costco along nonprice dimensions, such as product quality or quality of the shopping experience. We find no evidence that Sam's Club entry affects grocery stores' prices, consistent with Sam's Club's focus on small businesses instead of consumers.
Density and distribution of megafauna at the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (the Barents Sea) based on image analysis
Authors: Rybakova (Goroslavskaya) E. , Galkin S. , Bergmann M. , Soltwedel T. , Gebruk A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. During a survey of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV), located on the Bear Island fan in the southwest Barents Sea at ∼1250 m water depth, different habitats inside the volcano caldera and outside it were photographed using a towed camera platform, an Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS). Three transects were performed across the caldera and one outside, in the background area, each transect was ∼2 km in length. We compared the density, taxa richness and diversity of nonsymbiotrophic megafauna in areas inside the volcano caldera with different bacterial mat and pogonophoran tubeworm cover. Significant variations in megafaunal composition, density and distribution were found between considered areas. Total megafaunal density was highest in areas of dense pogonophoran populations (mean 52.9 ind. m−2) followed by areas of plain light-coloured sediment that were devoid of bacterial mats and tube worms (mean 37.7 ind. m−2). The lowest densities were recorded in areas of dense bacterial mats (mean ≤1.4 ind. m−2). Five taxa contributed to most of the observed variation: the ophiuroid Ophiocten gracilis, lysianassid amphipods, the pycnogonid Nymphon macronix, the caprellid Metacaprella horrida and the fish Lycodes squamiventer. In agreement with previous studies, three zones within the HMMV caldera were distinguished, based on different habitats and megafaunal composition: "bacterial mats", "pogonophoran fields" and "plain light-coloured sediments". The zones were arranged almost concentrically around the central part of the caldera that was devoid of visible megafauna. The total number of taxa showed little variation inside (24 spp.) and outside the caldera (26 spp.). The density, diversity and composition of megafauna varied substantially between plain light-coloured sediment areas inside the caldera and the HMMV background. Megafaunal density was lower in the background (mean 25.3 ind. m−2) compared to areas of plain light-coloured sediments inside the caldera. So the effect of the mud-volcano environment on benthic communities is expressed in increasing of biomass, changing of taxa composition and proportions of most taxonomic groups.
A bulk parameterization of melting snowflakes with explicit liquid water fraction for the COSMO model version 4.14
Authors: Frick C. , Seifert A. , Wernli H.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. A new snow melting parameterization is presented for the non-hydrostatic limited-area COSMO ("consortium for small-scale modelling") model version 4.14. In contrast to the standard cloud microphysics of the COSMO model, which instantaneously transfers the meltwater from the snow to the rain category, the new scheme explicitly considers the liquid water fraction of the melting snowflakes. These semi-melted hydrometeors have characteristics (e.g., shape and fall speed) that differ from those of dry snow and rain droplets. Where possible, theoretical considerations and results from vertical wind tunnel laboratory experiments of melting snowflakes are used as the basis for characterizing the melting snow as a function of its liquid water fraction. These characteristics include the capacitance, the ventilation coefficient, and the terminal fall speed. For the bulk parameterization, a critical diameter is introduced. It is assumed that particles smaller than this diameter, which increases during the melting process, have completely melted, i.e., they are converted to the rain category. The values of the bulk integrals are calculated with a finite difference method and approximatively represented by polynomial functions, which allows an efficient implementation of the parameterization. Two case studies of (wet) snowfall in Germany are presented to illustrate the potential of the new snow melting parameterization. It is shown that the new scheme (i) produces wet snow instead of rain in some regions with surface temperatures slightly above the freezing point, (ii) simulates realistic atmospheric melting layers with a gradual transition from dry snow to melting snow to rain, and (iii) leads to a slower snow melting process. In the future, it will be important to thoroughly validate the scheme, also with radar data and to further explore its potential for improved surface precipitation forecasts for various meteorological conditions.
The State of Cardiovascular Disease in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Kydyralieva Ryskul B.
Published: May 2013

Using the methods of estimation of economic efficiency we have made calculation of the economic losses connected to cardiovascular diseases. It was shown that the economic damage from premature death rate and physical inability from CVD in our country totaled more than 14 billions soms (near 360 millions $ USA) in 2007 (2). It dictates necessity of the urgent organization of struggle against cardiovascular diseases for stop the deterioration of health parameters of Kyrgyz population and prevention of serious social consequences with negative economic effect.
Postoperative Complications Associated with Caudectomy in Brachycephalic Dogs with Ingrown Tails
Authors: Knight Shanna M. , Radlinsky MaryAnn G. , Cornell Karen K. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: May 2013

Surgical correction of an ingrown tail is indicated to relieve clinical signs of intertriginous dermatitis. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the type and frequency of complications following caudectomy in dogs with ingrown tails. Medical records of dogs with ingrown tails treated with caudectomy from 2000 to 2010 at the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, preoperative infection status, surgical procedures performed, prophylactic antibiotic use, complications noted both during hospitalization and at suture removal, treatments instituted, and owner satisfaction. Seventeen dogs were identified for inclusion. At presentation, 4 of the 17 dogs (23.5%) were receiving antibiotics. Infection was present in 7 of the 17 dogs (41%), and 6 of the 7 cases resolved immediately postoperatively. All dogs received perioperative antimicrobial therapy, and 13 of the 17 dogs (76%) received antibiotics after surgery for an average of 13.5 days ± 5.2 days. Complications occurred in 2 of the 17 cases (12%) immediately after surgery, including decreased rectal sensation with adequate anal tone, failure to posture to defecate, and postoperative draining tracts. Complications were reported in 2 of 15 dogs (13%) at suture removal, including delayed wound healing and wound inflammation, persistent tail chasing behavior, and temporary changes in defecation habits. Caudectomy provided resolution of clinical signs with no long-term complications.
Diagnostic Utility of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Routine Staging at Diagnosis of Skeletal OSA in Dogs
Authors: Wallace Mandy , Selmic Laura , Withrow Stephen J.
Published: May 2013

The rate of soft tissue metastases and the importance of abdominal ultrasonography in initial staging of canine skeletal osteosarcoma (OSA) are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether abdominal ultrasonography should be performed routinely at initial diagnosis of skeletal OSA or if certain abnormal physical examination or diagnostic findings would provide greater indication to perform ultrasonography. Eighty dogs with OSA that had an abdominal ultrasonogram performed at diagnosis were included. Abnormal findings were present in 36 of 80 dogs. Twenty-three abnormalities were evaluated with either fine-needle aspirate or biopsy and 19 were benign. None of the ultrasonograms revealed abdominal OSA metastases; however, 4 of the 80 ultrasonograms (5%) revealed another primary neoplasia. Further, 2 of the 9 cases that received an ultrasonogram due to a palpable abdominal mass were diagnosed with another primary neoplasia compared with only 1 of the 49 cases that received an ultrasonogram for routine staging. Abdominal ultrasonography as a part of staging is unlikely to reveal metastases from OSA and may not be a useful routine staging tool; however, in certain populations of dogs, such as those with palpable abdominal masses, abdominal ultrasonography may reveal abnormalities that may influence treatment decisions.
Efficacy of Serosal Patching in Dogs with Septic Peritonitis
Authors: Grimes Janet , Schmiedt Chad , Milovancev Milan , Radlinsky MaryAnn , Cornell Karen
Published: May 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of serosal patching in dogs with existing septic peritonitis with continued postoperative septic peritonitis and death. Records were collected from dogs that underwent intestinal surgery from 1998 to 2007 at four veterinary teaching hospitals and one private referral clinic. Dogs were included if they were diagnosed with septic peritonitis and had subsequent surgery of either the small intestine or cecum. Eighty-two surgeries were evaluated. Eighteen dogs (22%) received a serosal patch during surgery. Of those, three dogs (16.7%) had septic peritonitis postoperatively. Sixty-four dogs (78%) did not receive a serosal patch, and 19 of those dogs (29.7%) had postoperative septic peritonitis (P = 0.27). Of the 18 cases with serosal patching, 6 (33.3%) died prior to discharge. Of the 63 cases that did not receive a patch and had information regarding survival, 14 (22.2%) died prior to discharge (P = 0.34). Use of a serosal patch did not protect dogs from either postoperative septic peritonitis or failure to survive.
Successful Treatment of Intracardiac and Intraocular Blastomycosis in a Dog with Combination Azole Therapy
Authors: Langlois Daniel K. , Pelosi Augusta , Kruger John M.
Published: May 2013

A 4 yr old spayed female Labrador retriever with clinical signs of blindness, cutaneous lesions, coughing, inappetence, and lethargy was diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis based on cytologic (skin and lymph node aspirates) and histopathologic (skin biopsy) examinations of tissue samples. The dog deteriorated clinically during hospitalization and developed sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, a nodule associated with the left ventricular papillary muscle, and a right atrial mural lesion. Therapy for myocardial performance and glaucoma was initiated. A combination of itraconazole and fluconazole successfully treated the dog. The dog regained vision in the left eye (oculus sinister [OS]) and had no residual cardiac disease detectable by either electrocardiography or echocardiography. This report is unique in documenting survival from intracardiac blastomycosis and in the use of combination azole therapy for treating disseminated disease with intraocular involvement.
Multiple Congenital PSS in a Dog: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Leeman Jessica J. , Kim Stanley E. , Reese David J. , Risselada Marije , Ellison Gary W.
Published: May 2013

A 4 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented with a 2 yr history of recurring increases in liver enzymes. Two congenital portosystemic shunts (PSSs) were identified using computed tomography (CT) angiography, which included a portoazygous and portorenal extrahepatic shunt. Double right renal veins were also identified. The shunts were successfully identified and attenuated with cellophane banding. Multiple congenital PSS is a rare phenomenon, but should be considered during exploratory laparotomy for PSS and in dogs with poor response to surgical attenuation of a single PSS. CT proved to be a crucial part of accurate diagnosis and surgical planning for this dog with multiple congenital PSS.
Programa nacional de crédito da agricultura familiar e impactos nas economias locais no estado do Paraná
Authors: Antunes Rodrigo Lopes , Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo , Nascimento Sidnei Pereira do , Sereia Vanderlei José , Anhesini João Amilcar Rodrigues
Published: May 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o impacto do programa nacional de crédito para a agricultura familiar (PRONAF) na economia de 60 municípios paranaenses que contrataram crédito entre 2000 e 2005. A evolução do crédito rural mostra que a partir da década de 1990,  há expansão dos contratos e dos recursos; sua intensificação ocorre após 1999, quando introduz a diferenciação entre os agricultores familiares. A agricultura familiar tem grande importância para a economia paranaense, respondendo por 45% da produção das principais culturas e 65% dos animais. O estudo é empírico, de natureza econométrica, de corte transversal, tem por finalidade verificar o efeito dos recursos do PRONAF sobre as dimensões sociais, tributária e produtiva do Estado. Conclui-se que há relações estatisticamente significativas entre o PRONAF e as variáveis selecionadas para análise  e que após 13 anos de sua institucionalização, continua cumprindo o objetivo de promover o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar.
New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic
Authors: Berning Björn
Published: May 2013

Based on newly designated type material, four poorly known NE Atlantic cheilostome bryozoan species are redescribed and imaged: Cellaria harmelini d’Hondt from the northern Bay of Biscay, Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters) from Madeira, Myriapora bugei d’Hondt from the Azores, and Characodoma strangulatum, occurring from Mauritania to southern Portugal. Moreover, Notoplites saojorgensis sp. nov. from the Azores, formerly reported as Notoplites marsupiatus (Jullien), is newly described. The genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler is transferred from the lepraliomorph family Escharinidae Tilbrook to the umbonulomorph family Romancheinidae Jullien.
Characterize Your System for Heavy Metals
Authors: Consolvo John
Published: May 2013

With an increased focus on distribution systems, now may be a good time for utilities to begin fully characterizing their water quality for metals and exploring whether metals are found in their distribution systems.
A Collaborative Approach to Providing Best-Practice Childhood Feeding Guidance
Authors: Freedman Marjorie R. , Gogol Sally J.
Published: May 2013

Objective: To examine whether training on Division of Responsibility, provided to members of a childhood feeding collaborative, increased familiarity, knowledge, and confidence in disseminating information to parents of young children.
Methods: Training was provided to 47 public health nurses and 22 breastfeeding task force members. A within-group pretest, posttest, follow-up design assessed changes in familiarity, knowledge and confidence.
Results: Amongst public health nurses, training resulted in a significant increase in familiarity (P < .001); knowledge that restricting amount of food provided to overweight infants and/or children is inappropriate (P < .05); and that children need frequent exposure to new foods (P < .05). Confidence in disseminating information also significantly increased (P < .001).
Conclusions and Implications: Health care providers who counsel parents about childhood feeding practices should be trained to increase familiarity with, knowledge of, and confidence in disseminating best practice feeding guidelines to help ensure provision of consistent, accurate messaging.
La franco-américanité de Louis Dantin vue à travers son amitié littéraire avec Marine Leland
Authors: Godbout Patricia
Published: May 2013

Cet article met en relief l’importance de l’amitié littéraire entre Louis Dantin et Marine Leland, professeure de français du Smith College, au Massachusetts. Leland fait la connaissance de Dantin à Boston au début de la décennie 1940, c’est-à-dire vers la fin de la vie de Dantin. La découverte de l’oeuvre critique et poétique de cet écrivain par Leland sera très importante. Cette amitié littéraire est l’occasion d’examiner notamment ici le rapport qu’a entretenu Louis Dantin avec la « franco-américanie ».
Le Lascaux Mont-Royal de Normand de Bellefeuille et la honte du passé québécois
Authors: Laforest Daniel
Published: May 2013

Cet article examine un motif central de l’oeuvre de Normand de Bellefeuille — le temps immémorial de la caverne de Lascaux — afin de montrer comment celui-ci contribue à une conception originale de la situation de l’écrivain québécois dans l’histoire sociale des cinquante dernières années. Le temps d’avant ayant été occupé par la misère historique indépassable des aïeux, comment interroger d’où l’on vient avec l’écriture sans produire une relativité qui aurait pour effet d’enterrer définitivement ceux-ci ? Comment accepter, au-delà du soupçon et des architectures théoriques du formalisme, que l’on est soi-même pétri d’histoire ?
Les apports combinés de l’enseignement par essais distincts et des stratégies « naturalistes » en intervention précoce auprès des enfants ayant un trouble dans le spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Paquet Annie , Rivard Mélina , Dionne Carmen , Forget Jacques
Published: May 2013

Chez les enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), l’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI), qui repose sur l’analyse appliquée du comportement (AAC), est retenue par la communauté scientifique et par le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) comme le programme d’intervention qui doit être privilégié compte tenu des données fournies par la littérature scientifique. Dans le cadre de l’ICI, les intervenants doivent faire des choix parmi différentes stratégies d’intervention qui seront appliquées en fonction des besoins et des particularités de l’enfant. À cet effet, nous proposons une réflexion en regard de stratégies se situant sur un continuum allant d’une intervention très contrôlée dans un local dédié exclusivement à l’ICI à une intervention plus “naturaliste”. Cette réflexion sera alimentée par des résultats préliminaires d’une étude portant sur les comportements sociaux d’enfants ayant un TSA. Une description des projets de recherche développés par les auteurs est finalement présentée.