bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fenomena Coffe Shop Di Kalangan Konsumen Remaja
Authors: Safitri Dini , Nurikhsan Farhan , Indrianie Webby Salsabila , Indrianie Webby Salsabila
Published: October 2020

Berdasarkan data dari International Coffee Organization, di Indonesia jumlah konsumsi kopi meningkat, khususnya di kalangan remaja. Banyak remaja, khususnya di Jakarta hampir setiap hari melakukan kegiatan ngopi di coffee house favorit mereka. Sayangnya kebiasaan tersebut menimbulkan pola hidup konsumtif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan trend coffee shop di kalangan remaja di Jakarta. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori fenomenologi dari Alfred Schutz. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metodologi kualitatif dengan perspektif fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keberadaan coffee shop banyak digemari konsumen remaja, karena faktor kenyamanan tempat, konsep yang diberikan oleh pemilik coffee shop, dan harga yang dapat dijangkau.
The Influence of CSR Program "Desa Wisata Buah Diwak" on the Image of PT Industri Jamu Dan Farmasi Sido Muncul. Tbk Company
Authors: Latunagari Ega Karismabumi
Published: October 2020

Sebagai organisasi bisnis yang hidup berdampingan dengan masyarakat, maka sebuah perusahaan perlu menjalankan konsep triple bottom line (Profit, Planet, People). Program CSR berbasis Community Development merupakan salah satu saluran komunikasi antara perusahaan dengan lingkungan. Sehingga, diharapkan mampu memberikan dampak positif bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat sekaligus menciptakan citra positif perusahaan di mata stakeholder. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas program CSR Desa Wisata Buah Diwak terhadap citra PT Industri Jamu Dan Farmasi. Tbk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada kelompok tani. Melalui hasil olah data, diketahui bahwa nilai R square sebesar 0.101 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 1.130. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh antara efektivitas program CSR dengan citra perusahaan belum maksimal. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya karena program CSR baru berjalan selama 3 tahun. Padahal hasil dan manfaat dari program CSR baru dapat dirasakan secara langsung oleh kelompok tani minimal dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun.

Keywords : corporate social responsibility, community development, citra perusahaan
The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter semiSWEET
Authors: Thomas Sunil
Published: October 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the disease COVID-19 that has decimated the health and economy of our planet. The virus causes the disease not only in people but also in companion and wild animals. People with diabetes are at risk of the disease. As yet we do not know why the virus is highly successful in causing the pandemic within 3 months of its first report. The structural proteins of SARS include, membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N) and the spike protein (S). The structure and function of the most abundant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, the membrane (M) glycoprotein is not fully understood. Using in silico analyses we determined the structure and potential function of the M protein. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is 98.6% similar to the M protein of bat SARS-CoV, maintains 98.2% homology with pangolin SARS-CoV, and has 90% homology with M protein of SARS-CoV; whereas, the similarity was only 38% with the M protein of MERS-CoV. In silico analyses showed that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a triple helix bundle, form a single 3-transmembrane domain (TM), and are homologous to the prokaryotic sugar transport protein semiSWEET. SemiSWEETs are related to the PQ-loop family that function as cargo receptors in vesicle transport, mediates movement of basic amino acids across lysosomal membranes, and is also involved in phospholipase flippase function. The advantage and role of the M protein having a sugar transport-like structure is not clearly understood. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with S, E and N protein. The S protein of the virus is glycosylated. It could be hypothesized that the sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein influences glycosylation of the S protein. Endocytosis is critical for the internalization and maturation of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Sucrose is involved in endosome and lysosome maturation and may also induce autophagy, pathways that help in the entry of the virus. Overall, it could be hypothesized that the semiSWEET sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein may be involved in multiple functions that may aid in the rapid proliferation, replication and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Biological experiments would validate the presence and function of the semiSWEET sugar transporter.
Why Blood Group A Individuals Are at Risk Whereas Blood Group O Individuals Might Be Protected from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Hypothesis Regarding How the Virus Invades the Human Body via ABO(H) Blood Group-Determining Carbohydrates
Authors: Arend Peter
Published: October 2020

While the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein is defined as the primary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, the viral serine molecule might be mobilized by the host's transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme from the viral spike (S) protein and hijack the host’s N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) metabolism. The resulting hybrid, serologically A-like/Tn (T-nouvelle) structure potentially acts as a host–pathogen functional molecular bridge. In humans, this intermediate structure will hypothetically be replaced by ABO(H) blood group-specific, mucin-type structures, in the case of infection hybrid epitopes, implicating the phenotypically glycosidic accommodation of plasma proteins. The virus may, by mimicking the synthetic pathways of the ABO(H) blood groups, bind to the cell surfaces of the blood group O(H) by formation of a hybrid H-type antigen as the potential precursor of hybrid non-O blood groups, which does not affect the highly anti-glycan aggressive anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin activities, exerted by the germline-encoded nonimmune immunoglobulin M (IgM). In the non-O blood groups, which have developed from the H-type antigen, these IgM activities are downregulated by phenotypic glycosylation, while adaptive immunoglobulins might arise in response to the hybrid A and B blood group structures, suggesting the exertion of autoreactivity. The non-O blood groups thus become a preferred target for the virus, whereas blood group O(H) individuals, lacking the A/B phenotype-determining enzymes and binding the virus alone by hybrid H-type antigen formation, have the least molecular contact with the virus and maintain the critical anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin activities, exerted by the ancestral IgM, which is considered the humoral spearhead of innate immunity.
Cheating in Education: A Focus on Plagiarism
Authors: Ahmadi Hemayatullah
Published: October 2020

Cheating is a kind of fraud or attempts to get dishonest advantages in an academic institution, it has been increasing dramatically for the last 50 years with the growth of technology. In some countries, this phenomenon has changed to a problematic factor in schools. Plagiarism is also considered as a type of cheating if it occurs intentionally. More efforts are made to mitigate the severity of cheating in an academic institution using technological-based devices. Besides, technology has an effective role in the detection of plagiarism by several detection platforms, however, still, there are some types of plagiarism which cannot be detected by these platforms efficiently, that authors should treat honestly during his/her scientific writing. This work aims to conceptualize and characterize cheating and plagiarism in an academic institution, also it is tried to indicate the relationship of cheating and plagiarism that in which cases, plagiarism becomes cheating. To achieve the purposes, relevant literature including scientific papers, monographs, reports, and authorized website were reviewed, and the literature output are integrated with the observation and experience of author during the teaching and learning in academic institutions.The findings and direct observation from close contact of classrooms show that cheating is felt mostly in classes with large numbers of students, that institution policy, instructor control, and using of technology have the most effect on the controlling cheating. Plagiarism as academic dishonesty is a widespread phenomenon among the students and even the authors. In some cases, the poor understanding of students and authors in scientific writing rules causes plagiarism and is measurable by some available detection platforms.
Mechanisms of Ras Membrane Organization and Signaling: Ras Rocks Again
Authors: Abankwa Daniel , Gorfe Alemayehu
Published: October 2020

Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene and recent drug development efforts have spurred significant new research interest. Here we will review progress toward understanding how Ras functions in nanoscale, proteo-lipid signaling complexes on the plasma membrane, called nanocluster. We will discuss how G-domain reorientation is plausibly linked to Ras-nanoclustering and -dimerization. We will then look at how these mechanistic features could cooperate in the engagement and activation of RAF by Ras. Moreover, we will show how this structural information can be integrated with microscopy data that provide nanoscale resolution in cell biological experiments. Synthesizing the available data, we propose to distinguish between two types of Ras nanoclusters, an active, immobile RAF-dependent type and an inactive/ neutral membrane anchor-dependent. We conclude that it is possible that Ras reorientation enables dynamic Ras dimerization, while the whole Ras/ RAF complex transits into an active state. These transient di/oligomer interfaces of Ras may be amenable to pharmacological intervention. We close by highlighting a number of open questions including, whether all effectors form active nanoclusters and whether there is an isoform specific composition of Ras nanocluster.
Magnetorheological Elastomer Stress Relaxation Behaviour During Compression: Experiment and Modelling
Authors: Kukla Mateusz , Warguła Łukasz , Talaśka Krzysztof , Wojtkowiak Dominik
Published: October 2020

Materials characterised by magnetorheological properties are non-classic engineering materials. A significant increase in the interest of scientific community in materials from this group can be observed over the recent several years. The results of research presented in this article are oriented on the examination of said materials’ mechanical properties. In order to do so, stress relaxation tests were conducted on cylindrical samples of magnetorheological elastomers loaded with compressive stress for various values of magnetic induction (B1 = 0 mT, B2 = 32 mT, B3 = 48 mT, and B4 = 64 mT) and temperature (T1 = 25° C, T2 = 30° C, and T3 = 40° C). The results of these tests indicate that the stiffness of examined samples increases along with the increase of magnetic field induction and decreases along with the increase of temperature. On this basis, it has been determined that: the biggest stress amplitude change caused by the influence of magnetic field was σ0ΔB = 12.7% and the biggest stress amplitude change caused by the influence of temperature was σ0ΔT = 11.3%. As a result of applying a mathematical model, it has been indicated that the stress relaxation in the examined magnetorheological elastomer for the adopted time range (t = 3600 s) has a hyperbolic decline nature. The collected test results point to examined materials being characterised by extensive rheological properties, which leads to a conclusion that it is necessary to conduct further tests in this scope.
The Non-Metric Solution to Graviton as Goldstone Boson
Authors: Verma Aayush
Published: October 2020

The study of Graviton as Goldstone bosons appeared in the 1960s, after Bjorken interacting idea of Electrodynamics. However, no recent advancement has been done in the field, because of very constraints as well as low-attractiveness of the theory. We do the non-metric tensor (covariant derivative of the metric tensor) case of Gravitation and eventually get SO(1,3) broken in the vacuum state of quantized field theory, then find the Graviton as Goldstone Boson. We, in final, see that Gravitons can have appearances in many modified (and extended) theories of Gravitation.
Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed B.
Published: October 2020

The Planck Legacy recent release revealed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background, which confirms the early universe positive curvature with a confidence level exceeding 99%. Besides, the observed gravitational lensing within several galaxy clusters is higher than that estimated through the standard lambda cold dark matter model by an order of magnitude. While general relativity works perfectly well in the present universe where the spacetime is almost flat, it should be enhanced to account for the pre-existing universal curvature. This study presents new enhanced field equations utilising Einstein–Hilbert action. The enhanced field equations are reduced to Einstein field equations in a flat universe.
Physical and psychological effects related to food habits and lifestyle changes derived from Covid-19 home confinement Spanish population.
Authors: Miguel López-Moreno , Teresa Iglesias López María , Marta Garcés-Rimón , Marta Miguel
Published: October 2020

As consequence of COVID-19, millions of households suffered mobility restrictions and changes in their lifestyle during several months. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 home confinement in food habits, lifestyle and emotional balance of the Spanish population. This cross-sectional study used data collected via an anonymous online questionnaire during the last month before lockdown finished in Spain in a total of 675 participants. 38.8% of the respondents experienced weight gain while 31.1% lost weight during confinement. The increase in body weight was positively correlated with the age (Rs = 0.14, p <0.05) and BMI (Rs = 0.20, p <0.05). We also identified that 39.7% reported poorer quality sleep, it was positively correlated with BMI (Rs = -0.18, p <0.05) and with age (Rs = -0.21, p <0.05). 44.7% of the participants had not performed physical exercise during confinement with differences by sex (p <0.05), by age (p <0.05), by BMI (p <0.05) and sleep quality (p <0.05). According to emotional-eater questionnaire, 21.8% and 11% were classified as emotional eater and very emotional eater, respectively. We emphasize the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, as the COVID-19 pandemic nowadays is ongoing.
Role of healthcare professionals in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections in surgical departments
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Goloverova Yu.А.
Published: October 2020

In the present review, we analyzed publications describing healthcare professionals who were found to be the sources of hepatitis B and C, influenza A (H3N2), adenovirus type 1 pneumonia, and parvovirus B19. These healthcare-associated outbreaks were registered in inpatient facilities. The article discusses the role of healthcare professionals in the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. All healthcare institutions have to implement a number of preventive and antiepidemic measures, including the system of strict control and regular laboratory testing of healthcare professional for timely identification of infectious diseases in them and their suspension from work, with particular attention paid to healthcare-associated infections. Key words: healthcare professionals, source of infection, outbreaks, healthcare-associated infections.
Some molecular mechanisms of development typhoid fever persistence infection
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Boichenko M.N. , Budanova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kravtsova E.O. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Volchkova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Belaya O.F. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The overview presents data on the development of typhoid fever persistence infection associated with the expression of genes specific for S. Typhi pathogenicity island 7 (OSP7). Development of is linked with expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (SPI7), which is specific for S. Typhi. Expression of the gene tviA from SPI7 promotes S. Typhi to escape recognition by immune system. Other 4 genes of SPI7 are linked with synthesis and secretion of typhoid genotoxin, which by inducing demage of immune cells DNA, is putative cause development of persistence infection. Key words: S. Typhi, SPI7, gene tviA, typhoid genotoxin, chronic infection
Nifuroxazide in the treatment of acute intestinal infections in children: results of meta-analysis
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ruzhentsova T.A. , Khavkina D.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chukhlyaev P.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Garbuzov A.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Key words: nifuroxazide, acute intestinal infections, diarrhea, intoxication, children
New Robotics Pioneered by Fluid Power
Authors: Suzumori Koichi ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
Published: October 2020

The history of robotics began with fluid power around 1960, at which time, all robots were driven by pneumatic or hydraulic actuators. Subsequently, in the mid-1980s, electromagnetic motors replaced the mainstay of robot actuators, while fluid-powered robots almost completely disappeared. However, in recent years, by utilizing the unique features of flexibility and lightness of pneumatics and the high power and robustness of hydraulics, several robots with unique characteristics, which cannot be realized with conventional electrical motors, are being developed. The author has developed various types of new fluid power actuators, including pneumatic and hydraulic types, to realize novel robots with unique features. This paper reviews the author’s previous works on fluid power actuators and robots driven by them. Furthermore, it presents prospective robots that can be realized using fluid power.
A Sliding Mode Controller Using an LS-SVM Model for a Water-Hydraulic Artificial Rubber Muscle
Authors: Kosaki Takahiro ,   Department of Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University 3-4-1 Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan, Kawahara Yuta , Li Shigang
Published: October 2020

We describe a sliding mode controller design for an artificial rubber muscle driven by tap-water pressure. The hysteretic characteristics of this water-hydraulic artificial rubber muscle (WARM) often deteriorate its control accuracy. To cope with this complicated hysteresis, a modeling approach based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) with nonlinear kernel functions is first applied to a WARM. By employing this LS-SVM-based WARM model, a sliding mode controller is then derived for the WARM drive system. We verify the control performance of the proposed controller and compare its tracking accuracy with our previously developed controller through experiments.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal and Infant Outcomes Among Opioid-Exposed Mother–Infant Dyads in Massachusetts (2017–2019)
Authors: Peeler Mary , Gupta Munish , Melvin Patrice , Bryant Allison S. , Diop Hafsatou , Iverson Ronald , Callaghan Katherine , Wachman Elisha M. , Singh Rachana , Houghton Mary , Greenfield Shelly F. , Schiff Davida M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives. To examine the extent to which differences in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in pregnancy and infant neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) outcomes are associated with maternal race/ethnicity.

Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of a statewide quality improvement database of opioid-exposed deliveries from January 2017 to April 2019 from 24 hospitals in Massachusetts. We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to model the association between maternal race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic) and prenatal receipt of MOUD, NOWS severity, early intervention referral, and biological parental custody at discharge.

Results. Among 1710 deliveries to women with opioid use disorder, 89.3% (n = 1527) were non-Hispanic White. In adjusted models, non-Hispanic Black women (AOR = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.66) and Hispanic women (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.68) were less likely to receive MOUD during pregnancy compared with non-Hispanic White women. We found no statistically significant associations between maternal race/ethnicity and infant outcomes.

Conclusions. We identified significant racial/ethnic differences in MOUD prenatal receipt that persisted in adjusted models. Research should focus on the perspectives and treatment experiences of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women to ensure equitable care for all mother–infant dyads.
Effectiveness of Penalties for Lockdown Violations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany
Authors: Chae Seung Hoon , Park Hyung Jun
Published: October 2020

Objectives. To investigate whether the imposition of fines can mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

Methods. We used quasi-experimental difference-in-difference models. On March 20, 2020, Bavaria introduced fines as high as €25 000 (US $28 186) against citizens in violation of the Bundesland’s (federal state’s) lockdown policy. Its neighboring Bundesländer (federal states), on the other hand, were slow to impose such clear restrictions. By comparing 38 Landkreise (counties) alongside Bavaria’s border from March 15 to May 11 using data from the Robert Koch Institute, we produced for each Landkreis its (1) time-dependent reproduction numbers (Rt) and (2) growth rates in confirmed cases.

Results. The demographics of the Landkreise were similar enough to allow for difference-in-difference analyses. Landkreise that introduced fines on March 20 reduced the Rt by a further 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.46, −0.18; P < .001) and decreased the growth rate in confirmed cases by an additional 6 percentage points (95% CI = −0.11, −0.02; P = .005) compared with the control group.

Conclusions. Imposing fines may slow down the spread of COVID-19.

Public Health Implications. Lockdowns may work better when governments introduce penalties against those who ignore them.
Open Reduction and Long Locking Plate Fixation of Complex Proximal Humeral Metadiaphyseal Fractures
Authors: Robinson C. Michael , Stirling Paul H.C. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Strelzow Jason A. , Goudie Ewan B.
Published: October 2020

Background:

A minority of proximal humeral fractures extend into the diaphysis and their optimal treatment remains controversial. We evaluated the outcomes and risk of complications in patients with these injuries, treated by a protocol of open reduction and long locking plate fixation (LPF).

Methods:

Between 2007 and 2014, all locally resident patients with a proximal humeral fracture extending into the diaphysis were referred to a specialist shoulder clinic. Operative treatment using a protocol of open reduction and LPF was offered to medically fit patients. Those with 2-year radiographic follow-up were included in the study, and standardized assessments of clinical and radiographic outcomes were performed during the first 2 years postoperatively. At a mean of 8.8 years (range, 5 to 12 years) after LPF, the functional outcomes and satisfaction of surviving, cognitively intact patients were assessed with a questionnaire study.

Results:

One hundred and two patients met the inclusion criteria; the majority were older women who had incurred the injury during a simple fall. Fractures were divided into 2 types depending on the pattern of diaphyseal extension. The pain levels, functional scores, and satisfaction with treatment were satisfactory both at the 2-year follow-up and at the longer-term follow-up at a mean of 8.8 years postsurgery. Complications were predominantly due to postsurgical stiffness (in 7 patients, with 3 undergoing additional surgery) and nonunion or fixation failure (in 7 patients, with 6 undergoing additional surgery).

Conclusions:

Proximal humeral fractures with diaphyseal extension are rare. The results of our study support the use of LPF in medically stable patients in centers with the expertise to perform these procedures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cartographic Extrapolation as Method for Forecasting Natural Phenomena and Processes
Authors: Mikhailov V. I. , Myslivchi E. Yu
Published: October 2020

All known forecasting methods cannot do without the help of maps when it comes to natural phenomena and processes. Geographic forecasting can be considered as predicting geographic phenomena or processes that cannot  be explored. Identity of the methodology for forecasting the dynamics of phenomena in time and their propagation in space makes it possible to transfer the patterns that are true for time sequences to spatial series. In contrast to specialized forecasting methods developed by individual sciences, cartography provides a researcher with a general forecasting method called cartographic extrapolation. In this case the extrapolation is understood as the spread of patterns obtained in the course of cartographic analysis of  a  phenomenon  or  a  process to an unexplored part of  this  phenomenon or process to another territory, for the future. The foregoing is considered on the example of a map of Modern vertical movements of the Earth’s crust in the Republic of Belarus which is compiled according to geophysical data and repeated leveling. Predictive patterns and expectations are highlighted while applying the method of cartographic extrapolation on the map. The efficiency of cartographic extrapolation is increased with the complex use of different methods. The interaction of cartographic and remote methods is of particular importance. Joint analysis of maps, aerial and satellite images obtained from different heights and in different ranges helps to predict general global, regional or local patterns. An example of this is geological and geomorphological research. Maps of different contents and the results of interpretation of aerial photographs have been used to predict the neo-tectonic structure of the territory in the zone of junction of the Mikashevich ledge of the crystalline basement and the Turov depression in the Belarusian Polesie.
Method for Determining Elements of Internal Orientation Calibration in Multi-Matrix Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Starasotnikau M. A. , Padskrebkin I. V. , Feodortsau R. V.
Published: October 2020

In the operation schemes of optical electronic devices (OED), such as digital autocollimators, direction finders, Shack-Hartmann sensors, as well as astro-orientation systems, projection measuring systems, geometric calibration schemes for OED, the photo-detector acts not only as a receiving device, but also as a measuring device. The tasks facing the OED photo-detectors. The solution to the problem is the use of several photo-detectors installed on one electronic board. Since OED photo-detectors act, inter alia, as measuring devices, it is necessary to perform their geometric calibration. Geometric calibration involves the measurement of interior orientation parameters used in the processing of OED images. Geometric calibration makes it possible to eliminate errors in mutual exposure of photo-detectors on one electronic board installed in the focal plane, as well as distortions introduced by the OED lens, primarily by distortion. The correctness of the interior orientation parameter determination is influenced by the relative position of the collimator, with the help of which the geometric calibration is performed, and the calibrated OED itself, i. e. the external orientation elements. The task is to separate the interior orientation parameters and the elements of external orientation. This is achieved using the method of mathematical processing of measured data in the forward and inverted positions of the collimator. This method of geometric calibration allows to use it for geometric calibration of OED with a large number of photo-detectors. The paper presents the results of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters when the collimator projects a test object onto three photo-detectors of the OED layout. The factors influencing on the accuracy of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation elements for OED are determined in the paper. The developed method for geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters for multi-matrix OED provides high measurement accuracy – not more than 0.1''–0.2''.
Psychometric Properties of an English Short Version of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Braehler Elmaer , Schmalbach Bjarne , Hinz Andreas , Bastianon Christina , Ritz Thomas
Published: October 2020

Background: Although a variety of instruments are available that capture stress experience, the assessment of chronic stress has been hindered by the lack of economical screening instruments. Recently, an English-language version of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS-EN) consisting of 57 items according to a systemic-requirement-resource model of health in nine subdomains of the chronic stress experience has been introduced. Methods: We constructed a new 9-item short version of the TICS covering all nine subdomains and evaluated it in two samples (total N=685). We then used confirmatory factor analysis to check factorial validity.Results: This version showed a highly satisfactory model fit, was invariant across participant gender, demonstrated a very high correlation with the original TICS (r=.94), and showed a moderate correlation (r=.58) with a measure of perceived stress in the past month. Conclusions: Therefore, this theoretically driven instrument can be recommended as a short version of the TICS in English language.
Anxiety Disorders and PTSD in Palestine: Litreture review
Authors: Marie Mohammad Mohammad-Zeyad , SaadAdeen Sana , Battat Maher
Published: October 2020

Background The WHO reports that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide. Most people who experience such events recover from it; however, people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be severely depressed and anxious for several months or even years following the event. Palestinians are particularly at a higher risk for developing anxiety disorders and PTSD due to the continuous exposure to political violence, prolonged displacement, and other limitation on professional, educational, financial opportunities, and mental health services. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the literature and established studies concerning Anxiety disorders besides PTSD in Palestine.Methods PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar was used to search for materials for the critical analysis of empirical articles. The following aspects were taken into consideration: study type, sample, and key findings.Results In this review, we included about twenty-four studies from Palestine (West Bank and Gaza). Five studies relate to children, five relate to adolescents, three relate to women, three relate to physical diseases, and four relate to gender and age differences. Results show that anxiety disorders and PTSD are one of the most common mental disorders in Palestine. Anxiety and PTSD develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics, personality, and life events. They are mostly associated with low quality of life and disability. The results indicate that a significant proportion of Palestinian experiencing serious issues that deal with several challenges, distinct barriers including; inconsistent availability of medications, absence of multidisciplinary teamwork, insufficient specialists, fragmented mental health system, and occupation.Conclusion As primary prevention, the occupation has to have considered as the main source of anxiety and other mental health disorders in Palestine. Besides, there is a need to implement a mental health care system through multidisciplinary work and raising awareness regarding the prevalence of mental disorders.
Identification of LINC02310 as an enhancer in lung adenocarcinoma and investigation of its regulatory network via comprehensive analyses
Authors: Zhao Wenyuan , Wang Jun , Luo Qingxi , Peng Wei , Li Bin , Wang Lei , Zhang Chunfang , Duan Chaojun
Published: October 2020

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has one of the highest mortality rates. An increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were reported to be associated with the occurrence and progression of LADC. Thus, tt is necessary and reasonable to find new prognostic biomarkers for LADC among LncRNAs.Methods: Differential expression analysis, survival analysis, PCR experiments and clinical feature analysis were performed to screen out the LncRNA which was significantly related to LADC. Its role in LADC was verified by CCK-8 assay and colony. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network construction, enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed to investigate the downstream regulatory network of the selected LncRNA.Results: A total of 2431 differentially expressed LncRNAs (DELncRNAs) and 2227 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analysis results indicated that lnc-YARS2-5, lnc-NPR3-2 and LINC02310 were significantly related to overall survival. Their overexpression indicated poor prognostic. PCR experiments and clinical feature analysis suggested that LINC02310 was significantly correlated with TNM-stage and T-stage. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay demonstrated that LINC02310 acted as an enhancer in LADC. In addition, 3 targeted miRNAs of LINC02310 and 414 downstream DEmRNAs were predicted. The downstream DEmRNAs were then enriched in 405 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 11 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, which revealed their potential functions and mechanisms. The PPI network showed the interactions among the downstream DEmRNAs. Conclusions: This study verified LINC02310 as an enhancer in LADC and performed comprehensive analyses on its downstream regulatory network, which might benefit LADC prognoses and therapies.
The Impact of General Self-efficacy and the Severity of Malocclusion on Acceptance of Removable Orthodontic Appliances in 10- to 12-year-old Patients
Authors: Naseri Navid , Baherimoghadam Tahereh , Bassagh Niloofar , Hamedani Shahram , Bassagh Elmira , Hashemi Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background: The patients’ acceptance of a treatment plan and their subsequent cooperation play a crucial role in achieving the best results in orthodontic treatments. Evidences show some personality traits such as general self-efficacy (GSE) and some dental traits such as severity of malocclusion are correlated with motivation of orthodontic treatment. These factors may predict the patients’ compliance and acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation of GSE and the severity of malocclusion with patients’ acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. Methods: This study recruited 50 patients aged 10-12 years who required removable orthodontic appliances. The severity of malocclusion was determined using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) before the onset of treatment and GSE of participants were assessed using GSE scale self-report. The acceptance questionnaire was proposed to the patients on first (T1), third (T2), and sixth (T3) month after the delivery of the appliance. Results: The GSE score had a statistically significant correlation with the total score of the acceptance questionnaire, subscale score of satisfaction with the appliance during eating and oral hygiene practice, duration of usage of the appliance, and interest in using it (P<0.05). The IOTN had no significant correlation with the acceptance questionnaire. Conclusions: Our findings substantiate the role of the GSES, concurrently declining the role of the IOTN in prediction of 10-12-year-old children's acceptance and cooperation in treatment of malocclusion with removable appliances.
CILP2 overexpression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study
Authors: Huang Feng , Peng Yuanfei , Ye Qing , Chen Jinhu , Li Yangming , Liu Shengyuan , Xu Yangmei , Huang Lijie
Published: October 2020

Background: Genetic alterations play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying new biomarkers to assess the prognosis of patients with CRC is critical. Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 2 (CILP2) gene, screened from the TCGA database by bioinformatics, may be closely related to the progression of CRC. CILP2 was barely reported with clinical features of tumors.Materials and methods: Clinical information and RNA-seq data were derived from the TCGA colorectal carcinoma cohort. CILP2 expression at mRNA level was estimated by bioinformatical analysis of TCGA cases. Tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed containing paraffin-embedded 64 pairs of CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues. The expression at the protein level was detected in 64 pairs of CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. CILP2 expression level and its clinical value were estimated by bioinformatical analysis with linear and logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed between high and low groups of CILP2 expression by Cox regression analysis, and the P-value was calculated by the log-rank test. Kaplan-Meier curves were tested by the log-rank test.Results: CILP2 was statistically significantly higher expressed in the CRC tissues when compared with paired adjacent normal tissues in the TCGA cohort (P<0.001) and in the TMA cohort (P=0.001). Also, CILP2 high-expression was strongly correlated with T3/4 stage (P=0.001), N1/2/3 stage (P=0.005), M1 stage (P=0.048), and higher clinical stage (UICC 2010 stage) (P<0.001) in TCGA cohort, and also positively associated with T3/4 stage (P=0.022) and higher clinical stage (UICC 2010 stage) (P=0.03) in TMA cohort. Furthermore, CILP2 overexpression predicted poor prognosis and could be as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.003).Conclusion: We revealed that CILP2 is associated with advanced stages and could play a role as an independent predictor of poor survival in CRC.
Factors associated with undernutrition among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda: a secondary analysis of the Uganda demographic health survey 2016
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Mukunya David , Habumugisha Theogene , Mutisya Linet M. , Tuke Robert , Olal Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

Background: Women are at risk of undernutrition due to biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Undernourished women have higher risk of poor obstetric outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Uganda.Methods: We used Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 4,640 women aged 20 to 49 years excluding pregnant and post-menopausal women. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with underweight and stunting among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda. Results: The prevalence of underweight and stunting were 6.9% (318/4640) and 1.3% (58/4640) respectively. Women who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 1.85–7.00) were more likely to be underweight compared to those who belonged to the richest wealth quintile. Women residing in rural areas were less likely to be underweight (AOR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.96) compared to women in urban areas. Women in Western (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44), Eastern (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and Central regions (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.72) were less likely to be underweight compared to those in the Northern region. Women belonging to Central (AOR 4.37, 95% CI 1.44-13.20) and Western (AOR 4.77, 95% CI 1.28-17.78) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to those in the Northern region.Conclusion: The present study showed wealth index, place of residence and region to be associated with undernutrition among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda. There is need to address socio-economic determinants of maternal undernutrition mainly poverty and regional inequalities.
Deep Learning Accelerators: A Case Study with MAESTRO
Authors: Bolhasani Hamidreza , Jassbi Somayyeh Jafarali
Published: October 2020

In recent years, deep learning has become one of the most important topics in computer sciences. Deep learning is a growing trend in the edge of technology and its applications are now seen in many aspects of our life such as object detection, speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Currently, almost all major sciences and technologies are benefiting from the advantages of deep learning such as high accuracy, speed and flexibility. Therefore, any efforts in improving performance of related techniques is valuable. Deep learning accelerators are considered as hardware architecture, which are designed and optimized for increasing speed, efficiency and accuracy of computers that are running deep learning algorithms. In this paper, after reviewing some backgrounds on deep learning, a well-known accelerator architecture named MAERI (Multiply-Accumulate Engine with Reconfigurable interconnects) is investigated. Performance of a deep learning task is measured and compared in two different data flow strategies: NLR (No Local Reuse) and NVDLA (NVIDIA Deep Learning Accelerator), using an open source tool called MAESTRO (Modeling Accelerator Efficiency via Spatio-Temporal Resource Occupancy). Measured performance indicators of novel optimized architecture, NVDLA shows higher L1 and L2 computation reuse, and lower total runtime (cycles) in comparison to the other one.
The Kickstart Walk Assist system for improving balance and walking function in stroke survivors: a feasibility study
Authors: Yao Jiajia , Sado Takashi , Wang Wenli , Gao Jiawen , Zhao Yichao , Qi Qi , Mukherjee Mukul
Published: October 2020

Background: Compared with traditional physical therapy for stroke patients, lower extremity exoskeletons can provide patients with greater endurance and more repeatable and controllable training, which can reduce the therapeutic burden of the therapist. However, most exoskeletons are expensive, heavy or require active power to be operated. Therefore, a lighter, easy to wear, easy to operate, low-cost technology for stroke rehabilitation would be a welcome opportunity for stroke survivors, caregivers and clinicians. One such device is the Kickstart Walk Assist system and the purpose of this study was to determine feasibility of using this unpowered exoskeleton device in a sample of stroke survivors. Methods: Thirty stroke survivors were enrolled in the study and experienced walking with the Kickstart exoskeleton device that provided spring-loaded assistance during gait. After 5 days of wearing the exoskeleton, participants were evaluated in the two states of wearing and not wearing the exoskeleton. Outcome measures included: a) spatio-temporal gait measures, b) balance measures and c) exoskeleton-use feedback questionnaire. Results: In comparison to not wearing the device, when participants wore the Kickstart Walk Assist system, weight bearing asymmetry was reduced. The time spent on the 10-meter walk test was also reduced, but there was no difference in the timed-up-and-go test (TUGT). Gait analysis data showed reduction in step time and double support time. Stroke survivors were positive about the Kickstart Walk Assist system’s ability to improve their balance, speed and gait. In addition, their confidence level and willingness to use the device was also positive.Conclusions: These findings show the feasibility of using the Kickstart Walk Assist system for improving walking performance in stroke survivors. Our future goal is to perform a longer duration study with more comprehensive pre- and post-testing in a larger sample of stroke survivors. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000032665. Registered 5 May 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=53288
Identifying research priorities for Health Professions Education Research in Sub-Saharan Africa using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Schalkwyk Susan C van , Kiguli-Malwadde Elsie , Budak Jehan Z , Reid Michael JA , De Villiers Marietjie Rene
Published: October 2020

Background: Recent increases in health professions education (HPE) research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), though substantial, have predominantly originated from single institutions and remained uncoordinated. A shared research agenda can guide the implementation of HPE practices to ultimately influence the recruitment and retention of the health workforce. Thus, the authors aimed to generate and prioritise a list of research topics for HPE research (HPER) in SSA. Methods: A modified Delphi process was designed to prioritise a shared agenda. Members of the African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) technical working group (TWG) were asked to first list potential research topics. Then, members of the same TWG and attendees at the annual AFREhealth academic symposium held in Lagos, Nigeria in August 2019 rated the importance of including each topic on a 3-point Likert scale, through two rounds of consensus seeking. Consensus for inclusion was predefined as ³ 70% of respondents rating the topic as “must be included.”Results: Health professions educators representing a variety of professions and 13 countries responded to the survey rounds. Twenty-three TWG members suggested 26 initial HPER topics; subsequently 90 respondents completed round one, and 51 completed round 2 of the modified Delphi. The final list of 12 research topics which met predetermined consensus criteria were grouped into three categories: (1) creating an enabling environment with sufficient resources and relevant training; (2) enhancing student learning; and (3) identifying and evaluating strategies to improve pedagogical practice.Conclusions: Establishing research priorities for HPE is important to ensure efficient and appropriate allocation of resources. This study serves as a reminder of how the prevailing context within which HPE, and by implication research in the field, is undertaken will inevitably influence choices about research foci. It further points to a potential advocacy role for research that generates regionally relevant evidence.