bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annual Economic Burden of Productivity Losses Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancers
Authors: Guy Gery P. , Berkowitz Zahava , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Rim Sun Hee , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although adult survivors of childhood cancers have poorer health and greater health limitations than other adults, substantial gaps remain in understanding the economic consequences of surviving childhood cancer. Therefore, we estimated the economic burden of productivity losses among adult survivors of childhood cancers.

METHODS:

We examined health status, functional limitations, and productivity loss among adult survivors of childhood cancers (n = 239) diagnosed at ≤14 years of age compared with adults without a history of cancer (n = 304 265) by using the 2004–2014 National Health Interview Survey. We estimated economic burden using the productivity loss from health-related unemployment, missed work days, missed household productivity, and multivariable regression models controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, comorbidities, and survey year.

RESULTS:

Childhood cancer survivorship is associated with a substantial economic burden. Adult survivors of childhood cancers are more likely to be in poorer health, need assistance with personal care and routine needs, have work limitations, be unable to work because of health, miss more days of work, and have greater household productivity loss compared with adults without a history of cancer (all P < .05). The annual productivity loss for adult survivors of childhood cancer is $8169 per person compared with $3083 per person for individuals without a history of cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings underscore the importance of efforts to reduce the health and economic burden among adult survivors of childhood cancer. In addition, this study highlights the potential productivity losses that could be avoided during adulthood from the prevention of childhood cancer in the United States.
Potential Intervention Targets in Utero and Early Life for Prevention of Hormone Related Cancers
Authors: Schooling C. Mary , Houghton Lauren C. , Terry Mary Beth
Published: November 2016

Hormone-related cancers have long been thought to be sensitive to exposures during key periods of sexual development, as shown by the vulnerability to such cancers of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. In addition to evidence from human studies, animal studies using new techniques, such as gene knockout models, suggest that an increasing number of cancers may be hormonally related, including liver, lung, and bladder cancer. Greater understanding of sexual development has also revealed the “mini-puberty” of early infancy as a key period when some sex hormones reach levels similar to those at puberty. Factors driving sex hormones in utero and early infancy have not been systematically identified as potential targets of intervention for cancer prevention. On the basis of sex hormone pathways, we identify common potentially modifiable drivers of sex hormones, including but not limited to factors such as obesity, alcohol, and possibly nitric oxide. We review the evidence for effects of modifiable drivers of sex hormones during the prenatal period and early infancy, including measured hormones as well as proxies, such as the second-to-fourth digit length ratio. We summarize the gaps in the evidence needed to identify new potential targets of early life intervention for lifelong cancer prevention.
Childhood Leukemia: A Preventable Disease
Authors: Metayer Catherine , Dahl Gary , Wiemels Joe , Miller Mark
Published: November 2016

In contrast to most pediatric cancers, there is a growing body of literature, nationally and internationally, that has implicated the role of several environmental indoor and outdoor hazards in the etiology of childhood leukemia. For example, exposures to solvents, traffic, pesticides, and tobacco smoke have consistently demonstrated positive associations with the risk of developing childhood leukemia. Intake of vitamins and folate supplementation during the preconception period or pregnancy has been demonstrated to have a protective effect. Despite the strength of these findings, the dissemination of this knowledge to clinicians has been limited. Some children may be more vulnerable than others as documented by the high and increasing incidence of childhood leukemia in Hispanics. To protect children’s health, it is prudent to establish programs to alter exposure to those factors with well-established associations with leukemia risk rather than to suspend judgment until no uncertainty remains. This is particularly true because other serious health outcomes (both negative and positive) have been associated with the same exposures. We draw from historical examples to put in perspective the arguments of association versus causation, as well as to discuss benefits versus risks of immediate and long-term preventive actions.
The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Cancer in Adulthood: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Holman Dawn M. , Ports Katie A. , Buchanan Natasha D. , Hawkins Nikki A. , Merrick Melissa T. , Metzler Marilyn , Trivers Katrina F.
Published: November 2016

CONTEXT:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect health and well-being across the life course.

OBJECTIVE:

This systematic review summarizes the literature on associations between ACEs and risk of cancer in adulthood.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched PubMed to identify relevant publications published on or before May 31, 2015.

STUDY SELECTION:

We included original research quantifying the association between ACEs and adult cancer incidence. Case reports and reviews were excluded.

DATA ABSTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently abstracted and summarized key information (eg, ACE type, cancer type, risk estimates) from included studies and resolved all discrepancies.

RESULTS:

Twelve studies were included in the review. In studies in which ACE summary scores were calculated, significant associations were observed between the scores and an increased risk of cancer in adulthood. Of the different types of ACEs examined, physical and psychological abuse victimization were associated with risk of any cancer in 3 and 2 studies, respectively. Two studies also reported significant associations with regard to sexual abuse victimization (1 for cervical cancer and 1 for any cancer). However, 2 other studies reported no significant associations between childhood sexual or physical abuse and incidence of cervical or breast cancer.

LIMITATIONS:

Because of heterogeneity across studies, we were unable to compute a summary effect estimate.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that childhood adversity in various forms may increase a person’s cancer risk. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving this relationship and to identify opportunities to prevent and mitigate the deleterious effects of early adversity on long-term health.
‘Grow the Scorched Ground Green’
Authors: Boudinot F. Garrett , LeVasseur Todd
Published: November 2016

The Transition Movement is based on the premise that the dual threats of Peak Oil and anthropogenic climate change require humans to re-think and re-design how they live, with the focus becoming the creation of resilient, sustainable communities. The first Transition Town was created in Totnes, UK in 2005, and there are now Transition Towns worldwide. Using qualitative research methods, we explore the understudied affective, normative, and religio-ethical motivations of those engaged in the Transition Movement located in Totnes. Our research suggests that the Movement is guided by norms and ethics that are ecocentric, where nature is seen to be sacred and worthy of reverent care, and members can be classified as being part of a larger, emergent terrapolitan citizenry. We also briefly explore how the values and ethics of those in the Transition Movement trigger lifestyle changes which are more ecologically responsible than those offered by contemporary industrial societies.
Brahman and Dao: Comparative Studies of Indian and Chinese Philosophy and Religion, edited by Ithamar Theodor and Zhihua Yao
Authors: Younger Paul
Published: November 2016

Brahman and Dao: Comparative Studies of Indian and Chinese Philosophy and Religion, edited by Ithamar Theodor and Zhihua Yao. Studies in Comparative Philosophy and Religion; Lanham, MD, USA and Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 2014. 308 pp., £65 (hb), £32.95 (pb, epub). ISBN 978-0-7391-7172-1 (hb), 978-1-4985-2591-6 (pb), 978-0-7391-8814-9 (epub).
The Daoist Tradition: An Introduction, by Louis Komjathy and Daoism: A Guide for the Perplexed, by Louis Komjathy
Authors: Younger Paul
Published: November 2016

The Daoist Tradition: An Introduction, by Louis Komjathy. London: Bloomsbury, 2013. 375 pp., £70 (hb), £20.29 (pb, epub). ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hb), 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pb), 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub).
Daoism: A Guide for the Perplexed, by Louis Komjathy. London: Bloomsbury, 2014. 272 pp., £45.50 (hb), £15.39 (pb, epub). ISBN 978-1-44115-795-9 (hb), 978-1-44114-815-5 (pb), 978-1-44113-468-4 (epub).
From Yoga to Kabbalah: Religious Exoticism and the Logics of Bricolage, by Véronique Altglas
Authors: Pokazanyeva Anna
Published: November 2016

From Yoga to Kabbalah: Religious Exoticism and the Logics of Bricolage, by Véronique Altglas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 408 pp., £64.00 (hb), £22.99 (pb). ISBN 978-0-19-999762-6 (hb), 978-0-19-999763-3 (pb).
Recursos de cooperativas que levam à vantagem competitiva sustentável
Authors: Vieira Fernando , Dalfovo Michael Samir , Machado Mirian Magnus , Gonçalves Andressa
Published: November 2016

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como os recursos organizacionais contribuem para as cooperativas alcançarem vantagem competitiva sustentável. Este estudo tem uma abordagem teórica da Visão Baseada em Recursos e o modelo VRIO preconizado por Barney e Hesterly (2007). A pesquisa caracterizou-se como descritiva e quantitativa, através da coleta de dados por fontes secundárias e survey. O instrumento de coleta foi o questionário de Pavão, Sehnem e Hoffmann (2011). A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período dos meses de Setembro de 2014 a Março de 2015. Um total de 215 cooperativas do território nacional distribuídas em 13 segmentos compuseram a amostra da pesquisa. Com os dados secundários foi realizada a análise de conteúdo. Os dados primários foram analisados por meio de inferência estatística, quais sejam: estatística descritiva, média, correlação de Pearson, rotação Varimax e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Como principais resultados obtidos, observou-se que o recurso humano é visto como importante para o alcance de vantagem competitiva sustentável. A presente pesquisa contribuiu e possibilita novos estudos referente ao crescimento das cooperativas levando em consideração a utilização dos recursos internos possam ser realizados.
Mind the gap: implementation challenges break the link between HIV/AIDS research and practice
Authors: MacCarthy Sarah , Reisner Sari , Hoffmann Michael , Perez-Brumer Amaya , Silva-Santisteban Alfonso , Nunn Amy , Bastos Leonardo , Vasconcellos Mauricio Teixeira Leite de , Kerr Ligia , Bastos Francisco Inácio , Dourado Inês
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Sampling strategies such as respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) offer unique opportunities to access key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. Limited work has assessed implementation challenges of these methods. Overcoming implementation challenges can improve research quality and increase uptake of HIV services among key populations. Drawing from studies using RDS in Brazil and TLS in Peru, we summarize challenges encountered in the field and potential strategies to address them. In Brazil, study site selection, cash incentives, and seed selection challenged RDS implementation with MSM. In Peru, expansive geography, safety concerns, and time required for study participation complicated TLS implementation with MSM and transgender women. Formative research, meaningful participation of key populations across stages of research, and transparency in study design are needed to link HIV/AIDS research and practice. Addressing implementation challenges can close gaps in accessing services among those most burdened by the epidemic.
Development policy for the Brazilian health industry and qualification of national public laboratories
Authors: Viana Ana Luiza d'Ávila , Silva Hudson Pacifico da , Ibañez Nelson , Iozzi Fabíola Lana
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Technological innovations play a decisive role in societies' development by contributing to economic growth and the population's welfare. The state has a key role in this process by inducing innovative behavior, strategies, and decisions. This study addresses Brazil's current policy for development of the health industry and its effects on qualification of national public laboratories by contextualizing different cycles of interaction between health policy and the industrial base, discussing the government's development strategy and the transfer and absorption of health technology (through Industrial Development Partnerships), and presenting two current partnerships involving public laboratories in the production of medicines and vaccines.
Gender on the growth of Criollo foals from birth to three years of age
Authors: Pimentel Anelise Maria Hammes , Rodrigues Walvonvitis Baes , Martins Charles Ferreira , Montanez Nathanael Ramos , Boligon Arione Augusti , Souza João Ricardo Malheiros de
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gender on the growth of Criollo foals, in order to use this information as a reference for breeding as well as in future research. Body height, thoracic perimeter, and cannon bone perimeter of 75 foals were measured from two farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Lat. 32°, 33′, 58″, Long. 53°, 22′, 33″) and from three generations over three years. In both farms, animals were kept under the same range and feeding conditions. Nonlinear regression models were applied to describe the growth curves for the three traits over the experimental period. Cannon bone perimeter was greater in males than in females (P<0.001) but the predicted curves for body height and thoracic perimeter did not differ between genders. For all traits, the highest rate of increase was achieved in the first year of life (body height = 74%, thoracic perimeter = 76%, and cannon bone perimeter = 63% for males and 83% for females). Results of this study indicated that changes in body height and thoracic perimeter can be predicted using nonlinear models in both male and female foals, until they reach three years of age; whereas, changes in cannon bone perimeter should be modeled separately for each gender.
Alocação do uso da terra dos colonos da Rodovia Transamazônica e sua relação com a capacidade do suporte humano
Authors: Fearnside Philip M. ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil
Published: November 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho trata do comportamento da alocação de recursos dos colonos em uma parte da área de colonização da Rodovia Transamazônica, e esboça os procedimentos usados para modelar este comportamento como uma simulação em computador realizada para produzir estimativas da capacidade de suporte humano. Para o propósito de reproduzir as alocações dos colonos o mais fielmente possível na simulação de computador, as decisões podem ser divididas entre alocações de subsistência e de cultura comercial. As estratégias de alocação para cultura comercial podem ser classificadas em quatro padrões de uso da terra: culturas comerciais anuais, culturas perenes, pecuária de gado, e trabalho externo. Estes padrões estão fortemente relacionados aos antecedentes do colono. Mudanças na população de colonos através de substituições, resultam em mudanças das alocações de cultura comercial, ao longo do tempo. Colonos com antecedentes rurais e sem experiência anterior de possuir ou administrar terras, conhecidos como agricultores trabalhadores, fazem menores alocações do que as populações mistas que incluem outros colonos. Diferenças nas probabilidades de insucesso entre os tipos são inconclusivas, mas são extremamente altas em todos os casos. Do ponto de vista de recomendar modificações no planejamento dos projetos de colonização, a interpretação de informação sobre alocação de uso da terra, probabilidade de insucesso, e capacidade de suporte é inteiramente dependente de uma formulação clara dos objetivos de qualquer projeto específico.
INSERÇÃO DO TÉCNICO EM SAÚDE BUCAL NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE: A INSTABILIDADE DOS VÍNCULOS DE TRABALHO E A DESVALORIZAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Lima Arinilson Moreira Chaves , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Aragão Elis Regina Vasconcelos Farias , Lima Betânia Moreira Chaves , Canuto Ondina Maria Chagas , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba
Published: November 2016

Resumo A Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal destaca a importância da formação de pessoal auxiliar para a sua consolidação. Este estudo avaliou a inserção de técnicos em saúde bucal formados pela Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará no Sistema Único de Saúde. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira, traçou-se o perfil profissional de 573 técnicos em saúde bucal ex-alunos da Escola. Na segunda, foram realizados grupos focais e utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. A pergunta direcionadora foi: que aspectos influenciam na inserção dos técnicos em saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde? Verificou-se que 73,3% estavam no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Destes, 20,7% estavam cadastrados como técnico em saúde bucal e 67,9% como auxiliar de saúde bucal. Nos grupos focais, foram identificadas três categorias temáticas: interesse dos gestores; tipo de vínculo de trabalho; e valorização profissional. Concluiu-se que a maioria estava inserida no Sistema Único de Saúde, mas como auxiliar de saúde bucal. Na visão dos egressos, faltam interesse por parte dos gestores para contratação de técnicos em saúde bucal, vínculos de trabalho mais estáveis e maior valorização profissional.
Ultrastructural analysis of the spermatogenesis in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Simões Luciana S. , Rici Rose E.G. , Favaron Phelipe O. , Sasahara Taís Harumi de Castro , Barreto Rodrigo S.N. , Borghesi Jessica , Miglino Maria A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract: al for both, the establishment of appropriate management systems, and for the use of new species as animal models. In this study, we used light and electron microscopy to characterize the sexual development stages of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) in specimens of 30, 45 and 90 days of age. We observed the differentiation of spermatocytes only through transmission electron microscopy in the leptotene, zygotene and pachytene phases of meiosis, in 30-day-old animals. During puberty, there was differentiation of the germinative epithelium and formation of the acrosome. Spermatozoa, however, were not detected. Thus, we could infer that puberty happens after 45 days of age. Sexual maturity was evident in 90-day-old specimens. Our results showed that changes in the testicular germinative epithelium during the postnatal sexual development in guinea pig led to morphological changes, including the ones related to the development of Leydig and Sertoli cells, which are directly related to puberty. In this work, we provide new morphological subsidies for a better understanding of reproductive parameters of this species, enabling its use as an animal model in the field of the reproductive biology.
Improving the prediction of scour around submarine pipelines
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Shi Bing , Guo Yakun , Chen Daoyi
Published: November 2016

Local scour around seabed oil, gas or water pipelines can critically affect their stability. Accurate estimation of scour around pipelines is therefore a key topic of research for marine engineers. This paper presents results from a numerical study of clear-water scour depth below a submarine pipeline for a range of steady flow conditions. The flow field around a pipeline under scour equilibrium conditions was numerically simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the standard k–ε turbulence closure. The flow discharge through the scour hole for various flow conditions was then investigated, and the results were used to establish the relationship between the flow discharge and the maximum scour depth. By incorporating the Colebrook–White equation, the bed shear stress was obtained and an iterative method was developed to predict the scour depth around the pipeline. The calculated scour depths using the proposed method agreed well with laboratory measurements, with the average absolute relative error being smaller than that obtained by using previous methods. Therefore, this proposed method can be used to predict the clear-water scour around submarine pipelines with improved accuracy.
Protein Kinase Cδ Suppresses Autophagy to Induce Kidney Cell Apoptosis in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Dongshan , Pan Jian , Xiang Xudong , Liu Yu , Dong Guie , Livingston Man J. , Chen Jian-Kang , Yin Xiao-Ming , Dong Zheng
Published: November 2016

Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse effect in cisplatin chemotherapy, and renoprotective approaches are unavailable. Recent work unveiled a critical role of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity and further demonstrated that inhibition of PKCδ not only protects kidneys but enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin in tumors; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that cisplatin induced rapid activation of autophagy in cultured kidney tubular cells and in the kidneys of injected mice. Cisplatin also induced the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70S6 kinase downstream of mTOR, and serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1, a component of the autophagy initiating complex. In vitro, pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR, directly or through inhibition of AKT, enhanced autophagy after cisplatin treatment. Notably, in both cells and kidneys, blockade of PKCδ suppressed the cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, p70S6 kinase, and ULK1 resulting in upregulation of autophagy. Furthermore, constitutively active and inactive forms of PKCδ respectively enhanced and suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis in cultured cells. In mechanistic studies, we showed coimmunoprecipitation of PKCδ and AKT from lysates of cisplatin-treated cells and direct phosphorylation of AKT at serine-473 by PKCδ
in vitro. Finally, administration of the PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin with cisplatin protected against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in wild-type mice, but not in renal autophagy–deficient mice. Together, these results reveal a pathway consisting of PKCδ, AKT, mTOR, and ULK1 that inhibits autophagy in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. PKCδ mediates cisplatin nephrotoxicity at least in part by suppressing autophagy, and accordingly, PKCδ inhibition protects kidneys by upregulating autophagy.
Renal Fanconi Syndrome and Hypophosphatemic Rickets in the Absence of Xenotropic and Polytropic Retroviral Receptor in the Nephron
Authors: Ansermet Camille , Moor Matthias B. , Centeno Gabriel , Auberson Muriel , Hu Dorothy Zhang , Baron Roland , Nikolaeva Svetlana , Haenzi Barbara , Katanaeva Natalya , Gautschi Ivan , Katanaev Vladimir , Rotman Samuel , Koesters Robert , Schild Laurent , Pradervand Sylvain , Bonny Olivier , Firsov Dmitri
Published: November 2016

Tight control of extracellular and intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels is critical to most biochemical and physiologic processes. Urinary Pi is freely filtered at the kidney glomerulus and is reabsorbed in the renal tubule by the action of the apical sodium-dependent phosphate transporters, NaPi-IIa/NaPi-IIc/Pit2. However, the molecular identity of the protein(s) participating in the basolateral Pi efflux remains unknown. Evidence has suggested that xenotropic and polytropic retroviral receptor 1 (XPR1) might be involved in this process. Here, we show that conditional inactivation of Xpr1 in the renal tubule in mice resulted in impaired renal Pi reabsorption. Analysis of Pi transport in primary cultures of proximal tubular cells or in freshly isolated renal tubules revealed that this Xpr1 deficiency significantly affected Pi efflux. Further, mice with conditional inactivation of Xpr1 in the renal tubule exhibited generalized proximal tubular dysfunction indicative of Fanconi syndrome, characterized by glycosuria, aminoaciduria, calciuria, and albuminuria. Dramatic alterations in the renal transcriptome, including a significant reduction in NaPi-IIa/NaPi-IIc expression, accompanied these functional changes. Additionally, Xpr1-deficient mice developed hypophosphatemic rickets secondary to renal dysfunction. These results identify XPR1 as a major regulator of Pi homeostasis and as a potential therapeutic target in bone and kidney disorders.
As índicas águas da (na) poesia moçambicana
Authors: Secco Carmen Lucia Tindó
Published: November 2016

O objetivo principal desta conferência consiste em demonstrar a importância do oceano Índico para a poesia de Moçambique. Fundamentada pelos Estudos Culturais, pelos estudos sobre a Nova História e a teoria da poesia, nossa leitura tenciona provar que os “poetas do Índico” se agrupam em torno de dois eixos: um que subverte a história oficial; outro que, direcionado aos sonhos e afetos, realiza uma cartografia lírica e existencial do sujeito poético.
Variação e o estatuto de variedades do português
Authors: Brandão Silvia Figueiredo
Published: November 2016

Focaliza-se, na perspectiva sociolinguística, à luz da Teoria da Variação e Mudança, a concordância de plural com base em estudos realizados pela autora, desde a década de 1990. Tais estudos abarcam a fala de comunidades pesqueiras do Rio de Janeiro e, ainda, variedades urbanas do Rio de Janeiro, de Lisboa e de São Tomé. As observações desenvolvem-se em duas etapas. Na primeira, centrada no Sintagma Nominal, parte-se da hipótese de que a análise comparativa do Português do Brasil (PB) com outras variedades não europeias é fundamental para que se possam melhor compreender as motivações que determinaram os padrões de concordância nelas registrados. Tecem-se, ainda, comentários sobre o papel do contato multilinguístico como elemento detonador dos padrões variáveis e discutem-se os conceitos de simplificação e complexificação linguísticas. Na segunda etapa, depois de mostrar o que se observa quanto à concordância nominal no Português Europeu (PE), centralizam-se as análises no PB e no PE, de modo a esboçar um quadro do estatuto das variedades do Português com base na tipologia de regras proposta por Labov (2003).
Perspectivas teóricas e críticas nas literaturas africanas & a perspectiva pós-colonial
Authors: Leite Ana Mafalda
Published: November 2016

O ensaio discute duas linhas de força nos estudos críticos africanos, a afrocentrista e a eurocentrista,  que aglutinam vários e diferentes períodos do século XX, e contribuíram para uma certa  percepção e constituição de um cânone crítico africano e aponta para  a inovação dos estudos pós-coloniais.
L'argumentation, une stratégie discursive sous surveillance
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick
Published: November 2016

Cet article fait une description de la mécanique discoursive argumentative sous-jacente a toute activité de langage, pour montrer comme le sujet du discours peut faire œuvre de stratégies dans une situation de communication particulière. On peut en tirer certains enseignements: cet acte argumentative ne peut être jugé et validé qu’en fonction des contraintes de la situation de communication et du projet de parole que le sujet met en oeuvre dans des stratégies; car les textes sont pluriels, relevant le plus souvent de types discursifs différents, ne pas chercher des types de textes qui seraient définis comme uniquement argumentatifs; enfin, faut-il préciser, qu’à traiter l’argumentation comme une pratique sociale dont on cherche à déterminer les conditions d’énonciation, on voit mieux comment peuvent s’exercer les jeux de manipulation et de contre-manipulation dans les échanges langagiers.
HERANÇA ROMÂNTICA NO TEATRO DE FRANÇA JÚNIOR
Authors: De Abreu Wagner Coriolano
Published: November 2016

A dramaturgia de França Júnior aparece no capítulo da história do teatro realista, mesmo que considerada continuação da comédia de costumes, realizada no período romântico. Este artigo aponta traços românticos nas primeiras peças de França Júnior (1838-1890), como ponto de partida a um reposicionamento perante a crítica do passado e uma releitura de sua contribuição ao teatro brasileiro do século XIX.
O NASCIMENTO DO ROMANTISMO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Guerreiro Emanuel
Published: November 2016

Este estudo procura analisar as origens do movimento romântico em Portugal. Assim, destacar-se-á o papel inovador de Almeida Garrett e Alexandre Herculano e o contexto histórico-político que, no início do século XIX, motivou uma nova produção literária. Também se pretende ver como, nas décadas de 40 e 50, a degenerescência do ideal romântico, com os poetas ultra-românticos à sombra de António Feliciano de Castilho, fez levantar a voz de uma geração combativa, com relevo para Antero de Quental, que afirma uma sensibilidade moderna, aliando
poesia e filosofia e fazendo da arte experiência do absoluto.
UMA BREVE HISTÓRIA DOS CONSTITUINTES PROSÓDICOS
Authors: Gayer Juliana Escalier Ludwig
Published: November 2016

Neste trabalho, faremos uma breve retrospectiva de alguns trabalhos que se debruçaram sobre o tema dos constituintes prosódicos e apresentaremos a teoria que inova na representação das unidades fonológicas, a Fonologia Autossegmental, pois propõe uma forma não-linear de organização, e a teoria que deu origem ao estudo de um componente fonológico independente que pode se comunicar com qualquer outro componente da gramática, a Fonologia Prosódica. Além disso, apresentaremos os constituintes prosódicos considerados em Selkirk (1978; 1986) e Nespor e Vogel (1986) e a proposta da hierarquia prosódica. Dentre os constituintes propostos, focaremos no caso da delimitação da frase fonológica, constituinte mapeado a partir de informação sintática, e percorreremos ainda abordagens mais recentes sobre o tema, incluindo a relativização dos princípios da hierarquia prosódica e os questionamentos levantados em relação à universalidade dos constituintes que realmente compõem tal hierarquia.
TUBERCULOSE: ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO E OS FATORES QUE DESENCADEIAM EM ABANDONO.
Authors: Santos Júnior Gilberto Menezes , Santos Diego Oliveira , Gibaut Mariana De Almeida Moraes , Bispo Tânia Christiane Ferreira
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa, que se caracteriza como uma emergência mundial. O tratamento dessa doença no Brasil é oferecido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde gratuitamente. O abandono do tratamento é um dos aspectos que mais repercutem no aumento dos índices de mortalidade, incidência e aumento da resistência às drogas. Conhecer os fatores de adesão e abandono do tratamento da tuberculose pode guiar práticas de saúde no controle da doença. Objetivo: Descrever fatores de adesão e abandono do tratamento da tuberculose, de acordo com a literatura nacional. Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica sistemática de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, através de busca online na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), sendo incluídos artigos disponíveis em texto completo, publicados em português, e excluídos os que não abordavam o tema proposto, artigos repetidos nas bases de dados e revisões bibliográficas. Resultados: Os principais fatores de adesão encontrados foram a oferta de medicação, a consulta em menos de 24 horas e a oferta de vale transporte e cesta básica ou vale alimentação. Já os fatores de abandono foram a acessibilidade, o uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, a baixa escolaridade, a coinfecção tuberculose/HIV, a baixa classe econômica e os efeitos adversos das medicações. Considerações finais: Para o aumento da adesão e consequentemente, a diminuição do abandono, são necessários profissionais capacitados, disponibilidade dos serviços, medicações e auxílios. Com esses incentivos, espera-se uma efetiva procura do serviço e continuidade do tratamento, levando à cura dos pacientes.
EDITORIAL: VULNERABILIDADE E SAÚDE
Authors: Ferreira Bispo Tânia Christiane , Costa Cardoso Augusto Cesar
Published: November 2016

A proposta da presente edição da Revista Enfermagem Contemporânea continua sendo valorizar a diversidade e atualidade na saúde, apresentando uma temática extremamente relevante acerca da vulnerabilidade e saúde. A ênfase está na reflexão sobre as pessoas em situações de vulnerabilidade em relação aos agravos aos quais estão expostas.
The Application of Projected Visuals in Teaching Collocations to Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Rad Zohre Asgari , Saniei Andisheh
Published: November 2016

The present study is an attempt to investigate the effective of using projected visuals, pictures in the form of slides displayed through projectors, in teaching English collocations on students’ learning. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL learners were selected out of 90 based on their performance on a language proficiency test, PET, and were assigned randomly into two homogeneous groups of control and experimental. Both groups took a 40-item researcher-made, validated pretest of collocations whose reliability was calculated as 0.74 through KR-21. 130 collocations were presented to each group in ten sessions through ten tables which consisted of 10 to 15 collocations with their L2 definitions and L1 (Persian) equivalents. The control group was required to make sentences, including the newly instructed collocations following the examples provided by the instructor, while the experimental group was shown a set of slides related to the newly-instructed collocations and was asked to determine the intended collocation related to each picture. After receiving ten treatment sessions, both groups took the posttest. The collected data were analyzed through ANCOVA and the results indicated that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group. Therefore, the use of visuals as instructional aids in teaching English collocations is proved helpful and recommended to those EFL instructors who are seeking for enhancing their students’ learning through more effective materials.
Construction of Hybrid Identity in Samuel Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners and Moses Ascending
Authors: Liu Tingxuan
Published: November 2016

Samuel Selvon (1923-1994) is an outstanding figure in Caribbean literature. His Moses trilogy is very famous because of his preoccupation with issues of identity and culture. His two representative works The Lonely Londoners and Moses Ascending giving a vivid description of Creole immigrants’ life in London, have a far-reaching influence on postcolonial literature. The thesis attempts to employ Homi Bhabha’s theory of hybridity to elaborate the formation of cultural identity. The thesis consists of three parts. Part One is Introduction, which gives a brief introduction to the author, his two works, the theoretical framework. Part Two presents the dilemma in which the Creoles have to face on cultural identity. In the aspect of cultural identity, the Creoles experience the process from identical crisis to the construction of hybrid identity. Part Three is Conclusion. Based on the above analyses, the thesis draws the conclusion that different cultures can influence each other. The effective way to solve identical crisis is to build the hybrid identity.
Relationship between Child and Parental Dental Anxiety with Child's Psychological Functioning and Behavior during the Administration of Local Anesthesia
Authors: Boka Vasiliki , Arapostathis Konstantinos , Kotsanos Nikolaos , Karagiannis Vassilis , van Loveren Cor , Veerkamp Jaap
Published: November 2016

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine: 1) the relationship between children's psychological functioning, dental anxiety and cooperative behavior before and during local anesthesia, 2) the relationship of parental dental anxiety with all the above child characteristics. Study design: There was a convenient sample of 100 children (4–12 years). Child dental anxiety and psychological functioning were measured using the “Children's Fear Survey Schedule” (CFSS-DS) and the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” (SDQ) respectively. Parental dental anxiety was measured using the “Modified Dental Anxiety Scale” (MDAS). All questionnaires were completed by parents. Before and during local anesthesia, the child behavior was scored by one experienced examiner, using the Venham scale. Non-parametric tests and correlations (Mann-Whitney, Spearman's rho) were used for the analysis. Results: The mean SDQ score was 10±5.6 for boys (n=60) and 8.3±4.8 for girls (n=40) (p=0.038), but there was no correlation with children's age. The mean CFSS-DS score was 33.1±11.86 and there was no correlation with age or gender. Children with higher levels in the pro-social subscale of the SDQ had significantly less anxiety and better behavior before local anesthesia. Higher mean CFSS-DS scores were significantly associated with uncooperative behavior during local anesthesia (p=0.04). There was no correlation between parents' and their children's dental anxiety, psychological functioning and behavior. 46% of the children had previous dental experience in the last 6 months. As time since the last dental treatment increased, an improvement was found in children's behavior during local anesthesia. Conclusions: Child psychological functioning was related to dental anxiety and behavior during dental appointment involving local anesthesia.
The Role of Feeding Practices as a Determinant of the pufa Index in Children with Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Gandeeban K , Ramakrishnan M , Halawany HS , Abraham NB , Jacob V , Anil S
Published: November 2016

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of untreated dental caries among young children (aged <6 years) with early childhood caries (ECC) using the pufa index and to examine the relationship between caries and feeding practices. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of children with ECC was undertaken in two stages: a questionnaire survey based on interviews and an intraoral examination using the defs and pufa indices. Results: The overall prevalence of untreated dental caries in our sample of 238 ECC-affected children was 72.3%. The abscess component (code a) was the most common condition. There was an increase in the ECC patterns and the severity of untreated dental caries with increasing age for all teeth groups. ECC and untreated caries lesions for the various teeth groups and study sites varied inversely with current feeding status. The majority of the children had posterior ECC, and the fewest were affected by ulceration (code u) as a consequence of untreated dental caries. Except for the posterior caries pattern, all other caries patterns and pufa components (code u alone, p<0.05) had a significantly higher prevalence among children with nocturnal feeding practices (p<0.001). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that older age (p<0.05) and nocturnal feeding practices (p<0.001) were significantly associated with pufa scores>0. Conclusion: These data provide valuable evidence of the effect of nocturnal feeding as an important determinant of the increased prevalence of untreated caries lesions among children with ECC.
Novel Intranasal Delivery of Sumatriptan as a Route to Rapid and Sustained Relief in the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Friedman Deborah I ,   University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, US
Published: November 2016

Migraine remains a common debilitating condition that exerts a high social and economic burden worldwide. Despite the widespread availability of various medications for migraine, many patients are dissatisfied with their treatment. Rapid and effective treatment at an early stage in an attack is vital in migraine to prevent central sensitization leading to attacks that are difficult to treat. Most migraineurs prefer oral medications but this is not always the most rapid or efficient route into the bloodstream. Intranasal administration of migraine treatment provides a rapid, convenient and reliable alternative to oral and other routes. AVP-825 is an intranasal medication delivery system approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2016 as ONZETRA™ Xsail™ (sumatriptan nasal powder [Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Aliso Viejo, CA]) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. AVP-825 contains low dose sumatriptan powder and takes advantage of some unique aspects of the nasal anatomy to confer rapid pain relief in the acute treatment of migraine. In two Phase III trials, AVP-825 was well tolerated and showed significantly faster migraine pain relief and relief from other symptoms including photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea than placebo or oral sumatriptan. This benefit was achieved with substantially lower drug exposure than oral sumatriptan. Additional analyses of data from the Phase III trials show that significantly more patients with migraine receiving AVP-825 reported clinically meaningful relief, sustained relief, pain freedom, lower migraine-related disability and more consistent relief across multiple attacks than those receiving oral sumatriptan. The rapid and sustained action of AVP-825 and its convenience creates the potential for this unique treatment to reduce the burden of migraine in many patients.
A New Perspective in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis
Authors: Pahwa Rajesh ,   University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US, Lyons Kelly E ,   University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US
Published: November 2016

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis, are well described in Parkinson’s disease (PD); most appear to be due to disease pathology with exacerbation caused by dopaminergic treatment. More than 50% of patients with PD develop psychosis at some point throughout their disease course. Clinicians need to routinely assess patients with PD for psychotic symptoms, particularly hallucinations. Treatment of psychotic symptoms in PD is an unmet need as there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications specifically for PD psychosis (PDP). Current treatments for PDP have been adapted from dopamine antagonists used to treat psychosis in other conditions, such as schizophrenia. Typical antipsychotics, as well as some atypical antipsychotics, worsen PD motor symptoms due to blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. Quetiapine and clozapine have been studied in PDP and are the most commonly used treatments for PDP. Clozapine has been shown to be effective; however, regular bloodwork is required, while data for quetiapine are inconsistent. Pimavanserin, a highly selective serotonin (5HT2A subtype) receptor inverse agonist, is not associated with motor worsening in PDP patients due to the absence of dopamine blockade. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, pimavanserin showed significant improvement in moderate to severe psychosis compared to placebo, with good tolerability and without worsening of PD motor symptoms. These data suggest that pimavanserin is a safe and efficacious treatment for PDP psychosis and could be a potential new treatment option for PDP.
Alvar Aalto en México. Aproximación a la difusión de su obra en publicaciones nacionales
Authors: Ovando Grajales Fredy
Published: November 2016

Aalto estuvo México en 1963 durante las Jornadas Internacionales de Arquitectura de la UIA. Una escueta reseña en una revista registra aquella visita a tierras aztecas. Ni su participación en una exposición en este país, ni la entrega de una distinción local tuvieron repercusión mediática. Göran Schildt tampoco brindó amplia cobertura al viaje limitándose a contar una anécdota intrascendente. Sorpresivamente, Aalto no hace dibujos durante su estancia en México. En este contexto, en el presente escrito se hace un recorrido por algunas publicaciones mexicanas para dar seguimiento a la presencia que en medios impresos ha tenido el arquitecto finlandés más famoso del siglo XX.
Arquitectos en primera instancia. Una experiencia en Mozambique
Authors: Lizancos Mora Plácido
Published: November 2016

La experiencia que aquí se describe surge del encargo por un consorcio de agencias de un singular proyecto arquitectónico: el diseño de un instrumento con el que construir desarrollo en comunidades preindustriales con rasgos aborígenes en el interior de Mozambique.Responsabilizarse como arquitecto de los primeros trazos exógenos de una colectividad nos sitúa lejos de las coordenadas habituales del trabajo profesional.En este artículo se narra el proceso completo de una acción arquitectónica que llamamos proyecto simplemente por convención. Se trata del diseño de un catastro multifinalitario, que será aplicado para apoyar acciones urbanísticas y sociales fundamentales y de carácter inclusivo.Explicaremos aquí todas sus vicisitudes, desde la formulación del proyecto, el diseño del cuestionario y la definición de las siguientes etapas a abordar para testear la herramienta antes de su aplicación sistemática.
Correlation of Coagulation Pathway Parameters with BNP, Ejection Fraction and NYHA Class in Heart Failure
Authors: Nair Nandini , Gongora Enrique
Published: November 2016

Abstract

 

Background

The upregulation of inflammation and coagulation in addition to the sympathetic nervous system is known and reported in congestive heart failure. This study was undertaken to assess the correlations of the changes in coagulation parameters with functional class, ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide levels.

 

Methods

A small prospective study was conducted in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients.

The protocol was approved by the Hospital IRB ( Scott and White Memorial, Temple, TX 76508). Statistical analysis was conducted using the online Vassar stats system . Spearman’s rank order correlation was derived for all the correlations mentioned in this paper.

 

Results

PT, PTT, INR and d-dimer levels were significantly different in the two groups and correlated positively and significantly with BNP and New York Heart Association class . Statistically significant negative correlation was noted with ejection fraction. fibrinogen levels did not correlate significantly with BNP, New York Heart Association class or ejection fraction.

 

Conclusions

Coagulation pathway parameters correlate significantly with BNP, functional class and ejection fraction in this study. The study is limited by its size and the fact that only dilated non- ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were included.   Larger studies are required to further understand the complex interactions of biochemical pathways noted in heart failure.

 
An Unexpected Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Iatrogenic Right Coronary Dissection as a Delayed Complication after Valve Replacement Surgery
Authors: Redondo Palacios Ana , López Menéndez José , Varela Barca Laura , Martín García Miren
Published: November 2016

Highlights

Coronary artery dissection is an unfrequent complication, which in an important number of cases has a iatrogenic cause. Most of them occur after a percutaneous procedure, and usually the right coronary artery is the one affected.

We report the case of a iatrogenic right coronary dissection after valve replacement surgery. The cause was assumed to be the antegrade cannulation of the ostium for cardioplegic perfussion.

What we consider particularly interesting about this case is that it had a delayed clinical manifestation, 9 days after surgery, having a normal immediate post-operative course. The diagnosis was achieved by coronary angiography, and no interventional treatment was performed.