bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language Patterns on Social Media Predict Winners of US Congressional Races
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew
Published: July 2022

Political races are often predicted by polls, but such investigations are costly to conduct and the results can be elusive because of their self-report nature. Alternative quantitative modeling approaches are promising to alleviate the prior concerns and therefore, this paper predicted outcomes of the 2020 US Congress elections from computational analyses of language data. Psychological profiles of 918 candidates were created from their social media records (N = 2,836,114 Tweets) and three preregistered dimensions — common words, analytic thinking, and affect — were associated with race outcome. Congressional race winners wrote with common words, communicated in an analytic style, and used more positive affect than congressional race losers. The predictive accuracy of these language dimensions alone was substantial (AUC = 0.844; 79.8% 10-fold cross-validated accuracy, 95% CI [73.2%, 85.4%]), values consistent with or exceeding most polling accuracies. Together, social media language data reveal psychological information about politicians and can indicate race outcomes.
Agrammatic output in non-fluent/Broca’s aphasia as a rational behavior
Authors: Fedorenko Evelina , Ryskin Rachel Anna , Gibson Edward
Published: July 2022

Speech of individuals with non-fluent, or Broca’s, aphasia is often characterized as “agrammatic” because their output mostly consists of nouns and, to a lesser extent, verbs and lacks function words, like articles and prepositions, and correct morphological endings. Among the earliest accounts of agrammatic output in the early 1900s was the “economy of effort” idea whereby agrammatic speech is construed as a way of coping with increases in the cost of language production: production-related effort is reduced by saying only the most important (meaning-carrying) elements in the sentence. This idea resurfaced in the 1980s, but in general, the field of language research has largely focused on accounts of agrammatism that postulated core deficits in syntactic knowledge. We here revisit the economy of effort hypothesis in light of increasing emphasis in cognitive science on rational and efficient behavior. Although economy of effort is unlikely to provide a unifying account of agrammatic output in all patients—the relevant population is too heterogeneous and the empirical landscape too complex for any single-factor explanation—we argue that the idea of agrammatic output as a rational behavior was dismissed prematurely. The rational account of expressive agrammatism should be evaluated more carefully and systematically, especially given that accounts based on syntactic knowledge loss have not lived up to their initial promise.
Increasing Psychotherapists’ Adoption and Implementation of the Evidence-based Practice of Progress Monitoring
Authors: Persons Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

Evidence-based practices (EBPs) reach consumers slowly because practitioners are slow to adopt and implement them. We hypothesized that giving psychotherapists a tool + training intervention that was designed to help the therapist integrate the EBP of progress monitoring into his or her usual way of working would be associated with adoption and sustained implementation of the particular progress monitoring tool we trained them to use (the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales on our Online Progress Tracking tool) and would generalize to all types of progress monitoring measures. To test these hypotheses, we developed an online progress monitoring tool and a course that trained psychotherapists to use it, and we assessed progress monitoring behavior in 26 psychotherapists before, during, immediately after, and 12 months after they received the tool and training. Immediately after receiving the tool + training intervention, participants showed statistically significant increases in use of the online tool and of all types of progress monitoring measures. Twelve months later, participants showed sustained use of any type of progress monitoring measure but not the online tool.
Adult Depression
Authors: Persons Jacqueline , Fresco David Marc
Published: July 2022

We begin this chapter with an overview of the current diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), the epidemiology of MDD, and current theories of and therapies for MDD. We review assessment tools for obtaining a diagnosis, developing a case conceptualization and treatment plan, and monitoring change in therapy. We end with a brief discussion of some future directions of assessment of depression.
What is a Leading Tone?
Authors: Willimek Bernd , Willimek Daniela
Published: July 2022

In the literature, a leading tone or striving tone is described as a tone which, due to its striving, is coupled with the expectation or desire to continue a melody in a certain way. By transferring such descriptions to extra-musical situations, it will be shown that a experience of striving in the conventional sense is impossible. Instead, in this paper a different conception of the leading tone experience should be shown, which is compatible with the laws of nature: a leading tone experience is the identification with the will to keep the leading tone in question unchanged. Furthermore, it will be shown that the conception of the leading tone experience presented here makes it possible to explain the emotional effect of musical harmonies.
Relationship to CBT outcome and dropout of decision support tools of the written case formulation, list of treatment goals, and plot of symptom scores
Authors: Persons Jacqueline , Gates Vael
Published: July 2022

Many patients who receive cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for mood and anxiety disorders fail to respond or drop out of treatment. We tested the hypotheses that therapist use of each of three decision support tools, a written case formulation, a list of treatment goals, and a plot of symptom scores, was associated with improved outcome and reduced dropout in naturalistic CBT provided to 845 patients in a private practice setting. We conducted regression analyses to test the hypotheses that the presence of each tool in the clinical record was associated with lower end-of-treatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Burns Anxiety Inventory (BurnsAI), and lower rates of premature and uncollaborative dropout. We found that the presence of a written case formulation in the clinical record was associated with lower rates of both types of dropout. A list of treatment goals was associated with lower end-of-treatment scores on the BDI and the Burns AI, and a lower rate of uncollaborative but a higher rate of premature dropout. A plot of symptom scores was associated with lower end-of-treatment scores on the BDI, and lower rates of both types of dropout. Results suggest that therapist use of a written case formulation, list of treatment goals, and a plot of symptom scores can contribute to improved outcome and reduced dropout in CBT.
The experience of home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in families of children with a neurodevelopmental condition
Authors: Kouroupa Athanasia , Allard Amanda , Gray Kylie , Hastings Richard , Heyne David , Melvin Glenn A , Tonge Bruce , Totsika Vasiliki
Published: July 2022

The preprint describes a study that aimed to describe the experience of home schooling /home learning in families of children with a neurodevelopmental condition in the UK approximately one year from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (2021)
Known horizons, as future-oriented cues, help individuals to manage vulnerable resources
Authors: Rauwolf Paul , Rogers Robert D
Published: July 2022

Research into improving poor resource management has tended to focus on social interventions that mitigate so-called 'Tragedy of the Commons' outcomes. Less work has investigated interventions to help individuals better manage their personal resources. Over three studies (N=1,597), we test whether informational cues can improve resource management strategies while individuals harvest from a replenishing but depletable resource, returning monetary rewards. To succeed, individuals need to learn about the dynamics (and vulnerability) of the resource while avoiding the long-term costs of early bad decisions. We find little evidence that outcomes are improved by knowledge of the potential monetary returns of the resource or by prior encounters with its dynamics. By contrast, future-orienting information about the potential availability of a resource; its horizon – operationalized as the maximum number of remaining harvesting opportunities – dramatically improves individual resource outcomes (in Experiments 1 and 2). This future-oriented cue did not provide information about the dynamics of the resource that could be used to infer an improved resource management strategy and its benefits are not transitory: informational 'nudges' about the resource horizon continue to improve outcomes over multiple encounters (Experiment 3). These findings indicate that when individuals try to explore and manage a personal resource in uncertain environments where early missteps have long-term adverse consequences, simple future-orienting cues about potential resource longevity improve harvesting decisions. Our findings also highlight how variability in how individuals approach resource management problems per se might contribute to resource difficulties at the group-level.
Perspectives on Scientific Error
Authors: van Ravenzwaaij Don , Bakker Marjan , Heesen Remco , Romero Felipe , van Dongen Noah N'Djaye Nikolai , Crüwell Sophia , Field Sarahanne , Held Leonhard , Munafo Marcus Robert , Pittelkow Merle-Marie , Tiokhin Leonid , Traag Vincent , Van den Akker Olmo , van 't Veer Anna Elisabeth , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: July 2022

Theoretical arguments and empirical investigations indicate that a high proportion of published findings are false or do not replicate. The current position paper provides a broad perspective on this scientific error, focusing both on reform history and on opportunities for future reform. Talking points are organised along four main themes: methodological reform, statistical reform, publishing reform, and institutional reform. For each of these four themes, we discuss the current state of affairs, existing knowledge gaps, and opportunities for future reform. The resulting agenda should provide a useful resource for ushering in an era that is marked by a lower prevalence of scientific error.
Dynamics of Hierarchical Task Representations
Authors: Cellier Dillan , Petersen Isaac T. , Hwang Kai
Published: July 2022

Task representations are critical for cognitive control and adaptive behavior. The hierarchical organization of task representations allows humans to maintain goals, integrate information across varying contexts, and select potential responses. In this study we characterized the structure and interactive dynamics of task representations that facilitate cognitive control. Human participants (both males and females) performed a hierarchical task that required them to select a response rule while considering the contingencies from different contextual inputs. By applying time- and frequency-resolved representational similarity analysis to human electroencephalography data, we characterized properties of task representations that are otherwise difficult to observe. We found that participants formed multiple representations of task-relevant contexts and features from the presented stimuli, beyond simple stimulus-response mappings. These disparate representations were hierarchically structured, with higher-order contextual representations dominantly influencing subordinate representations of task features and response rules. Furthermore, this cascade of top-down interactions facilitated faster responses. Our results describe key properties
The Search for Mode-Specific Effects of Cognitive and Other Therapies: A Methodological Suggestion
Authors: Persons Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

The hypothesis that the unique mechanism of action of cognitive therapy ( CT) for depression involves change in underlying cognitions (schema) has not been supported by empirical studies; instead, many therapies seem to produce cognitive change. Likewise, evidence fails to support the hypothesis, drawn from the cognitive theory, that change in underlying cognitions protects patients from relapse. We argue that methodological problems may explain these empirical disconfirmations of the cognitive theory. In particular, the failure to activate latent underlying cognitions before assessing them prevents investigators from adequately testing mode specific hypotheses about the mechanism of action of CT. A similar difficulty may plague tests of mode-specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of action of other therapies.
Morphometric Analysis of Patella and Patellar Ligament in the Cadavers of Nepalese Origin
Authors: Sah Surendra Kumar , Pandey Nivedita , Chaudhary Deepak , Ghosh Shubrato , Yadav Sudeep Kumar
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body which develops within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The patellar ligament is the continuation of distal part of the quadriceps femoris which finally ranges from the tip of patella to the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. The objectives of the study was to establish the morphometry of the Patella and Patellar ligament in correlation with gender and prevalence of types of patella.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted at the department of Anatomy of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal from Jan 2018 to June 2021. Twenty-six well embalmed adult cadavers (n=52) of known sex (13 Females and 13 Males) without any gross damage to the lower limbs were considered for the study.
RESULTS: Out of the 52 limbs studied, the mean value of the length of patella, width of patella, thickness of patella in male were respectively 36.23±4.20mm, 37.15±6.09mm, 17.00±1.87mm. In female the values were 33.53±4.80mm, 34.53±6.07mm, 16.00±1.95mm which are highly significantly (p<0.005). In contrast it was also observed that the length of patellar ligament did not showed the significance differences between the male 45.92mm and female 44.92mm (p>0.05). So from here we can conclude that the morphometry of the patella plays an important role in the gender determination.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data will be useful for the Comparative anatomy, Anthropology, Forensic Science and Evolutionary biology, anthropological records in context of Nepal and reference for the Orthopaedic surgeons in conducting the Knee replacement surgery as well.
Blood Bank Service: An Experience at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal
Authors: Jha Krishna Kumar , Rajput Prabhat Singh
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: In January 2016, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS) began providing blood bank services to the Red Cross Society of Jumla. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most prevalent blood group in the study area. We must know the blood group based on the demand for blood in order to store the most common blood group and compile a donor list.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study was done between 1 June 2021 and 30 November 2021 at KAHS JUMLA. We are required to donate whole blood to various departments at Karnali Academy of Health Science (KAHS), Jumla. Blood group and socio-demographic profile was collected. Descriptive analysis performed using Excel software.
RESULTS: Out of 500 transfusion units dispatched, 416 (83.2%) were male and 84(16.8%) were female. Out of 500 units of blood, most common blood group is A +ve which was 175 and 2nd most common blood group was O+ve which was 115 (23.0%) followed by B+ve which was 111 (22.2%).The rarest blood group was B-ve which is 5 (1.0%).
CONCLUSIONS: The most common blood group demand by patient was B +ve. The most frequent demand came from gynecological department followed by surgery and orthopaedics department. Hence, the findings may help for the planning and storing the required amount of blood by blood group for KASH to meet the future demand.
Etnologia to wielka pasja, która trwa przez całe życie. Z Profesorem Zygmuntem Kłodnickim rozmawia Agnieszka Pieńczak
Authors: Kłodnicki Zygmunt , Pieńczak Agnieszka , Księżnik Kamilla
Published: July 2022

Prezentowany wywiad został przeprowadzony 12 lipca 2021 roku w ramach cyklu „Rozmowy z Mistrzami”, z okazji 50-lecia istnienia cieszyńskiej filii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Transkrypcji dokonała Kamilla Księżnik.
Accessing glue through photoproduction measurements at GlueX
Authors: Pauli Peter
Published: July 2022

Photoproduction experiments are a key tool in the investigation of the spectrum of hadronic states and the way gluons contribute to this spectrum. The GlueX experiment, located at Jefferson Lab, features a linearly polarized tagged photon beam and its detector system is optimized to measure a wide range of neutral and charged final states. GlueX offers unique capabilities to study the spectrum of hadrons and is dedicated to the search for hybrid mesons, states with gluonic degrees of freedom. This talk presents first results from our initial campaign of data taking which finished in 2018.
Analisis Konsep Nilai Hasil Dengan Metode Time Cost Trade-Off pada Proyek Rumah Susun
Authors: Natalia Monika , Atmaja Jajang , Putri Dini Sekar , Helena Putri
Published: July 2022

Konsep nilai hasil memberikan informasi kinerja proyek dan menghasilkan estimasi biaya dan waktu untuk penyelesaian seluruh pekerjaan proyek. Proyek rumah susun PIK Pulo Gadung Tahap II Jakarta Timur mengalami deviasi sebesar -12,70% pada hari ke-441 (minggu ke-63) pelaksanaan dari total durasi 569 hari akibat pandemi Covid-19. Hal ini karena pembatasan tenaga kerja, pembatasan pemasokan material, dan pembatasan waktu kerja instansi pemerintahan menyebabkan kepengurusan administrasi tidak maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja proyek rumah susun PIK Pulo Gadung Jakarta Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan analisis konsep nilai hasil menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Project untuk mendapatkan kinerja proyek. Selanjutnya untuk percepatan waktu penyelesaian proyek dilakukan dengan metode Time Cost Trade-Off (TCTO) menggunakan crashing program. Hasil analisis didapat perkiraan waktu penyelesaian proyek adalah 666 hari atau selisih 97 hari dibandingkan rencana awal. Sisa durasi untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang tersisa sebesar 225 hari dengan proyeksi biaya akhir sekitar 57 milyar rupiah atau terjadi penyimpangan sekitar 6 milyar rupiah dibandingkan biaya awal. Alternatif percepatan durasi proyek dengan metode TCTO yaitu dengan menambah shift kerja dimana proyek selesai lebih cepat tiga hari daripada penambahan jam kerja dan biaya lebih hemat sebesar 1,8 milyar rupiah.
Évolution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour intoxications aiguës lors des périodes de confinement de Covid-19 en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Authors: Seydou A. , Hachelaf M. , Thiébaud D. , Barondeau-Leuret A.
Published: July 2022

Objectif: Estimer l’évolution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour intoxications aiguës (IA) lors des périodes de confinement en 2020 par rapport à l’année précédente.

Matériels et méthode: Une étude rétrospective multicentrique de type transversale a été menée en utilisant les données des résumés de passages aux urgences. Deux périodes ont été étudiées en 2020 : période 1 = 1erconfinement et période 2 = 2econfinement et ont été comparées aux mêmes périodes en 2019. Les diagnostics pour IA volontaires ou accidentelles toutes causes ont été définis à partir du code CIM-10. Le critère de jugement principal a été la variation du nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA entre les périodes de confinement en 2020 et les périodes de référence en 2019.

Résultats: Comparé à la même période en 2019, le nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA a baissé de 31 % (p = 0,001) pendant le premier confinement et de 18 % (p = 0,07) pendant le deuxième confinement. Le nombre de passages pour IA médicamenteuse a baissé de 3 % (p = 0,035) pendant le deuxième confinement en comparaison à 2019. Les caractéristiques des patients consultant pour IA étaient comparables dans chacune des périodes.

Conclusion: Dans cette étude, une diminution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA a été observée pendant les périodes de confinement en 2020 par rapport aux mêmes périodes l’année précédente.
PMA, de l’enclavement à la responsabilité interdisciplinaire
Authors: Roegiers L.
Published: July 2022

Après presque un demi-siècle de recul, la procréation médicalement assistée (PMA) reste une pratique plutôt isolée du reste de la pratique médicale. L’infertilité est une souffrance peu reconnue. Elle est considérée comme une blessure narcissique, une frustration personnelle et relationnelle, une revendication de non-discrimination. La PMA n’est pas reconnue comme un secteur de soin prioritaire. À ses débuts, elle était même considérée comme transgressive. En conséquence, deux tendances opposées ont caractérisé les centres de PMA : celle de s’autonomiser dans un modèle libéral commercial et celle au contraire de contrôler et de filtrer les demandes. Ces deux évolutions n’ont pas permis une meilleure ouverture. L’interdisciplinarité y est restée souvent limitée au seul psy, chargé selon les options de coacher ou de sélectionner les candidats. Une troisième perspective plus porteuse est celle de profiter de la PMA comme véritable occasion d’entretien préconceptionnel ouvert sur le contexte des usagers en les accueillant de façon personnalisée et « capabilisante » pour coévaluer leurs limites et leurs besoins afin d’anticiper ensemble la faisabilité et leurs ressources disponibles. Cette interdisciplinarité est plus complexe et tient compte d’autres acteurs : le médecin traitant, l’équipe infirmière, parfois les professionnels d’aval en obstétrique et en néonatologie. Elle désenclave la PMA et la rend plus responsable.
Factors affecting ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision: a post hoc analysis of the British Antibiotic and Silver Impregnated Catheter Shunt multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sunderland Geraint J. , Conroy Elizabeth J. , Nelson Alexandra , Gamble Carrol , Jenkinson Michael D. , Griffiths Michael J. , Mallucci Conor L.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The British Antibiotic and Silver Impregnated Catheter Shunt (BASICS) trial established level I evidence of the superiority of antibiotic-impregnated catheters in the prevention of infection of newly implanted ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs). A wealth of patient, shunt, and surgery-specific data were collected from trial participants beyond that of the prespecified trial objectives.

METHODS

This post hoc analysis of the BASICS survival data explores the impact of patient age, hydrocephalus etiology, catheter type, valve type, and previous external ventricular drain on the risk of infection or mechanical failure. Time to failure was analyzed using Fine and Gray survival regression models for competing risk.

RESULTS

Among 1594 participants, 75 patients underwent revision for infection and 323 for mechanical failure. Multivariable analysis demonstrated an increased risk of shunt infection associated with patient ages < 1 month (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 4.48, 95% CI 2.06–9.72; p < 0.001) and 1 month to < 1 year (sHR 2.67, 95% CI 1.27–5.59; p = 0.009), as well as for adults with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (sHR 2.75, 95% CI 1.21–6.26; p = 0.016). Age ≥ 65 years was found to be independently associated with reduced infection risk (sHR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.69; p = 0.007). Antibiotic-impregnated catheter use was also associated with reduced infection risk (sHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.84; p = 0.014). Independent risk factors predisposing to mechanical failure were age < 1 month (sHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03–2.21; p = 0.032) and 1 month to < 1 year (sHR 1.31, 95% CI 0.95–1.81; p = 0.046). Age ≥ 65 years was demonstrated to be the only independent protective factor against mechanical failure risk (sHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40–0.94; p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS

Age is the predominant risk for VPS revision for infection and/or mechanical failure, with neonates and infants being the most vulnerable.
Prediction of hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after direct bypass surgery in adult nonhemorrhagic moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors
Authors: Pang Chang Hwan , Lee Si Un , Lee Yongjae , Kim Woong-Beom , Kwon Min-Yong , Sunwoo Leonard , Kim Tackeun , Bang Jae Seung , Kwon O-ki , Oh Chang Wan
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (hCHS) after direct bypass surgery in adult nonhemorrhagic moyamoya disease (non-hMMD) using quantitative parameters on rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID) perfusion CT software.

METHODS

A total of 277 hemispheres in 223 patients with non-hMMD who underwent combined bypass were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative volumes of time to maximum (Tmax) > 4 seconds and > 6 seconds were obtained from RAPID analysis of perfusion CT. These quantitative parameters, along with other clinical and angiographic factors, were statistically analyzed to determine the significant predictors for hCHS after bypass surgery.

RESULTS

Intra- or postoperative hCHS occurred in 13 hemispheres (4.7%). In 7 hemispheres, subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred intraoperatively, and in 6 hemispheres, intracerebral hemorrhage was detected postoperatively. All hCHS occurred within the 4 days after bypass. Advanced age (OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.039–1.163, p = 0.001) and a large volume of Tmax > 6 seconds (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.004–1.018, p = 0.002) were statistically significant factors in predicting the risk of hCHS after surgery. The cutoff values of patient age and volume of Tmax > 6 seconds were 43.5 years old (area under the curve [AUC] 0.761) and 80.5 ml (AUC 0.762), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In adult patients with non-hMMD older than 43.5 years or with a large volume of Tmax > 6 seconds over 80.5 ml, more prudence is required in the decision to undergo bypass surgery and in postoperative management.
Sacrifice or preserve the superior petrosal vein in microvascular decompression surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sattari Shahab Aldin , Shahbandi Ataollah , Xu Risheng , Hung Alice , Feghali James , Yang Wuyang , Lee Ryan P. , Bettegowda Chetan , Huang Judy
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

In microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery through the retrosigmoid approach, the surgeon may have to sacrifice the superior petrosal vein (SPV). However, this is a controversial maneuver. To date, high-level evidence comparing the operative outcomes of patients who underwent MVD with and without SPV sacrifice is lacking. Therefore, this study sought to bridge this gap.

METHODS

The authors searched the Medline and PubMed databases with appropriate Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. The primary outcome was vascular-related complications; secondary outcomes were new neurological deficit, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and neuralgia relief. The pooled proportions of outcomes and OR (95% CI) for categorical data were calculated by using the logit transformation and Mantel-Haenszel methods, respectively.

RESULTS

Six studies yielding 1143 patients were included, of which 618 patients had their SPV sacrificed. The pooled proportion (95% CI) values were 3.82 (0.87–15.17) for vascular-related complications, 3.64 (1.0–12.42) for new neurological deficits, 2.85 (1.21–6.58) for CSF leaks, and 88.90 (84.90–91.94) for neuralgia relief. The meta-analysis concluded that, whether the surgeon sacrificed or preserved the SPV, the odds were similar for vascular-related complications (2.5% vs 1.5%, OR [95% CI] 1.01 [0.33–3.09], p = 0.99), new neurological deficits (1.2% vs 2.8%, OR [95% CI] 0.55 [0.18–1.66], p = 0.29), CSF leak (3.1% vs 2.1%, OR [95% CI] 1.16 [0.46–2.94], p = 0.75), and neuralgia relief (86.6% vs 87%, OR [95% CI] 0.96 [0.62–1.49], p = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS

SPV sacrifice is as safe as SPV preservation. The authors recommend intentional SPV sacrifice when gentle retraction fails to enhance surgical field visualization and if the surgeon encounters SPV-related neurovascular conflict and/or anticipates impeding SPV-related bleeding.
Simple wound closure compared with surgery for civilian cranial gunshot wounds
Authors: Krueger Evan M. , Benveniste Ronald J. , Lu Victor M. , Taylor Ruby R. , Kumar Rahul , Cordeiro Joacir G. , Jagid Jonathan R.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

A carefully selected subset of civilian cranial gunshot wound (CGSW) patients may be treated with simple wound closure (SWC) as a proactive therapy, but the appropriate clinical scenario for using this strategy is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare SWC and surgery patients in terms of their neurological outcomes and complications, including infections, seizures, and reoperations.

METHODS

This was a single-center, retrospective review of the prospectively maintained institutional traumatic brain injury and trauma registries. Included were adults who sustained an acute CGSW defined as suspected or confirmed dural penetration. Excluded were nonfirearm penetrating injuries, patients with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3, patients with an initial GCS score of 4 and nonreactive pupils, and patients who died within 48 hours of presentation.

RESULTS

A total of 67 patients were included; 17 (25.4%) were treated with SWC and 50 (74.6%) were treated with surgery. The SWC group had a lower incidence of radiographic mass effect (3/17 [17.6%] SWC vs 31/50 [62%] surgery; absolute difference 44.4, 95% CI −71.9 to 16.8; p = 0.002) and lower incidence of involvement of the frontal sinus (0/17 [0%] SWC vs 14/50 [28%] surgery; absolute difference 28, 95% CI −50.4 to 5.6; p = 0.01). There were no differences in the frequency of Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended scores ≥ 5 between the SWC and surgery groups at 30 days (4/11 [36.4%] SWC vs 12/35 [34.3%] surgery; OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.3–4.5; p > 0.99), 60 days (2/7 [28.6%] SWC vs 8/26 [30.8%] surgery; OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3–3.4; p > 0.99), and 90 days (3/8 [37.5%] SWC vs 12/26 [46.2%] surgery; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.1–3.6; p > 0.99). There were no differences in the incidence of infections (1/17 [5.9%] SWC vs 6/50 [12%] surgery; OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–4.1; p = 0.67), CSF fistulas (2/11 [11.6%] SWC vs 3/50 [6%] surgery; OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.3–13.7; p = 0.60), seizures (3/17 [17.6%] SWC vs 9/50 [18%] surgery; OR 1, 95% CI 0.2–4.1; p > 0.99), and reoperations (3/17 [17.6%] SWC vs 4/50 [8%] surgery; OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.5–12.4; p = 0.36) between the SWC and surgery groups.

CONCLUSIONS

There were important clinically relevant differences between the SWC and surgery groups. SWC can be considered a safe and efficacious proactive therapy in a carefully selected subset of civilian CGSW patients.
The importance of thoracolumbar junctional orientation, change in thoracolumbar angle, and overcorrection of lumbar lordosis in development of proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Ham Dae-Woong , Kim Ho-Joong , Park Sang-Min , Park Se Jin , Park Jiwon , Yeom Jin S.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Changes in the thoracolumbar angle (TLA) would play a pivotal role in the reciprocal changes following spine realignment surgery, thereby leading to the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). This study aimed to investigate the association between TLA and the development of PJK following adult spinal deformity surgery.

METHODS

A total of 107 patients were divided into PJK+ and PJK− groups according to the development of PJK within 12 months after surgery. The TLA and spinopelvic radiological parameters were compared between the PJK+ and PJK− groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for PJK. The receiver operating characteristic curves of the regression models were used to investigate the cutoff values of significant parameters needed so that PJK would not occur.

RESULTS

The change in TLA (ΔTLA) in the PJK+ group was significantly larger than in the PJK− group (6.7° ± 7.9° and 2.2° ± 8.1°, respectively; p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, postoperative pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis, and ΔTLA were significant risk factors for PJK. The risk of developing PJK was higher when the postoperative pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis was < 5.2 and the ΔTLA was > 3.58°.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study highlights the thinking that extensive correction of TLA and lumbar lordosis should be avoided in patients with adult spinal deformity. Overcorrection of TLA of > 3.58° could result in higher odds of PJK.
Novel artificial intelligence algorithm: an accurate and independent measure of spinopelvic parameters
Authors: Orosz Lindsay D. , Bhatt Fenil R. , Jazini Ehsan , Dreischarf Marcel , Grover Priyanka , Grigorian Julia , Roy Rita , Schuler Thomas C. , Good Christopher R. , Haines Colin M.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The analysis of sagittal alignment by measuring spinopelvic parameters has been widely adopted among spine surgeons globally, and sagittal imbalance is a well-documented cause of poor quality of life. These measurements are time-consuming but necessary to make, which creates a growing need for an automated analysis tool that measures spinopelvic parameters with speed, precision, and reproducibility without relying on user input. This study introduces and evaluates an algorithm based on artificial intelligence (AI) that fully automatically measures spinopelvic parameters.

METHODS

Two hundred lateral lumbar radiographs (pre- and postoperative images from 100 patients undergoing lumbar fusion) were retrospectively analyzed by board-certified spine surgeons who digitally measured lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, and sacral slope. The novel AI algorithm was also used to measure the same parameters. To evaluate the agreement between human and AI-automated measurements, the mean error (95% CI, SD) was calculated and interrater reliability was assessed using the 2-way random single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC values larger than 0.75 were considered excellent.

RESULTS

The AI algorithm determined all parameters in 98% of preoperative and in 95% of postoperative images with excellent ICC values (preoperative range 0.85–0.92, postoperative range 0.81–0.87). The mean errors were smallest for pelvic incidence both pre- and postoperatively (preoperatively −0.5° [95% CI −1.5° to 0.6°] and postoperatively 0.0° [95% CI −1.1° to 1.2°]) and largest preoperatively for sacral slope (−2.2° [95% CI −3.0° to −1.5°]) and postoperatively for lumbar lordosis (3.8° [95% CI 2.5° to 5.0°]).

CONCLUSIONS

Advancements in AI translate to the arena of medical imaging analysis. This method of measuring spinopelvic parameters on spine radiographs has excellent reliability comparable to expert human raters. This application allows users to accurately obtain critical spinopelvic measurements automatically, which can be applied to clinical practice. This solution can assist physicians by saving time in routine work and by avoiding error-prone manual measurements.
A phase 1/2a dose-escalation study of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in individuals with subacute cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Fessler Richard G. , Ehsanian Reza , Liu Charles Y. , Steinberg Gary K. , Jones Linda , Lebkowski Jane S. , Wirth Edward D. , McKenna Stephen L.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of 3 escalating doses of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (LCTOPC1; previously known as GRNOPC1 and AST-OPC1) administered at a single time point between 21 and 42 days postinjury to participants with subacute cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIs). The secondary objective was to evaluate changes in neurological function following administration of LCTOPC1.

METHODS

This study was designed as an open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter clinical trial. Twenty-five participants with C4–7 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A or B injuries received a single dose of either 2 × 106, 1 × 107, or 2 × 107 LCTOPC1 delivered via intraparenchymal injection into the spinal cord at the site of injury using a custom-designed syringe positioning device. Low-dose tacrolimus was administered until day 60. Outcome measures included adverse event (AE) monitoring and neurological function as measured by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury.

RESULTS

All 25 participants experienced at least one AE, with a total of 534 AEs (32 study-related vs 502 study-unrelated anticipated complications of SCI) reported at the completion of 1-year follow-up. There were 29 serious AEs reported. Two grade 3 serious AEs (CSF leak in one participant and a bacterial infection in another) were considered related to the injection procedure and to immunosuppression with tacrolimus, respectively. The CSF leakage resolved with sequelae, including self-limited altered mental status, and the infection resolved with antibiotic therapy. For all participants, MRI scans demonstrated no evidence of an enlarging mass, spinal cord damage related to the injection procedure, inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord, or masses in the ventricular system. At 1-year follow-up, 21/22 (96%) of the intention-to-treat group recovered one or more levels of neurological function on at least one side of their body, and 7/22 (32%) recovered two or more levels of neurological function on at least one side of their body.

CONCLUSIONS

LCTOPC1 can be safely administered to participants in the subacute period after cervical SCI. The injection procedure, low-dose temporary immunosuppression regimen, and LCTOPC1 were well tolerated. The safety and neurological function data support further investigation to determine the efficacy of LCTOPC1 in the treatment of SCI.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02302157 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Simple and actionable preoperative prediction of postoperative healthcare needs of single-level lumbar fusion patients
Authors: Borja Austin J. , Farooqi Ali S. , Golubovsky Joshua L. , Glauser Gregory , Strouz Krista , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , McClintock Scott D. , Malhotra Neil R.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Preoperative prediction of a patient’s postoperative healthcare utilization is challenging, and limited guidance currently exists. The objective of the present study was to assess the capability of individual risk-related patient characteristics, which are available preoperatively, that may predict discharge disposition prior to lumbar fusion.

METHODS

In total, 1066 consecutive patients who underwent single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion at a university health system were enrolled. Patients were prospectively asked 4 nondemographic questions from the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool during preoperative office visits to evaluate key risk-related characteristics: baseline walking ability, use of a gait assistive device, reliance on community supports (e.g., Meals on Wheels), and availability of a postoperative home caretaker. The primary outcome was discharge disposition (home vs skilled nursing facility/acute rehabilitation). Logistic regression was performed to analyze the ability of each risk-related characteristic to predict likelihood of home discharge.

RESULTS

Regression analysis demonstrated that improved baseline walking ability (OR 3.17), ambulation without a gait assistive device (OR 3.13), and availability of a postoperative home caretaker (OR 1.99) each significantly predicted an increased likelihood of home discharge (all p < 0.0001). However, reliance on community supports did not significantly predict discharge disposition (p = 0.94).

CONCLUSIONS

Patient mobility and the availability of a postoperative caretaker, when determined preoperatively, strongly predict a patient’s healthcare utilization in the setting of single-level, posterior lumbar fusion. These findings may help surgeons to streamline preoperative clinic workflow and support the patients at highest risk in a targeted fashion.
Biomechanical assessment of the effect of sublaminar band tensioning on lumbar motion
Authors: Park Brian J. , Gold Colin J. , Christianson David , DeVries Watson Nicole A. , Nourski Kirill V. , Woodroffe Royce W. , Hitchon Patrick W.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Adjacent-segment disease (ASD) proximal to lumbosacral fusion is assumed to result from increased stress and motion that extends above or below the fusion construct. Sublaminar bands (SBs) have been shown to potentially mitigate stresses in deformity constructs. A similar application of SBs in lumbar fusions is not well described yet may potentially mitigate against ASD.

METHODS

Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric spine specimens were instrumented with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cages at L3–4 and L4–5, and pedicle screws from L3 to S1. Bilateral SBs were applied at L2 and tightened around the rods extending above the L3 pedicle screws. After being mounted on a testing frame, the spines were loaded at L1 to 6 Nm in all 3 planes, i.e., flexion/extension, right and left lateral bending, and right and left axial rotation. Motion and intradiscal pressures (IDPs) at L2–3 were measured for 5 conditions: intact, instrumentation (L3–S1), band tension (BT) 30%, BT 50%, and BT 100%.

RESULTS

There was significant increase in motion at L2–3 with L3–S1 instrumentation compared with the intact spine in flexion/extension (median 8.78°, range 4.07°–10.81°, vs median 7.27°, range 1.63°–9.66°; p = 0.016). When compared with instrumentation, BT 100% reduced motion at L2–3 in flexion/extension (median 8.78°, range 4.07°–10.81°, vs median 3.61°, range 1.11°–9.39°; p < 0.001) and lateral bending (median 6.58°, range 3.67°–8.59°, vs median 5.62°, range 3.28°–6.74°; p = 0.001). BT 50% reduced motion at L2–3 only in flexion/extension when compared with instrumentation (median 8.78°, range 4.07°–10.81°, vs median 5.91°, range 2.54°–10.59°; p = 0.027). There was no significant increase of motion at L1–2 with banding when compared with instrumentation, although an increase was seen from the intact spine with BT 100% in flexion/extension (median 5.14°, range 2.47°–9.73°, vs median 7.34°, range 4.22°–9.89°; p = 0.005). BT 100% significantly reduced IDP at L2–3 from 25.07 psi (range 2.41–48.08 psi) before tensioning to 19.46 psi (range −2.35 to 29.55 psi) after tensioning (p = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONS

In this model, the addition of L2 SBs reduced motion and IDP at L2–3 after the L3–S1 instrumentation. There was no significant increase in motion at L1–2 in response to band tensioning compared with instrumentation alone. The application of SBs may have a clinical application in reducing the incidence of ASD.
Protocolized management of isolated linear skull fractures at a level 1 pediatric trauma center
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca A. , Kelly Katherine A. , Ahluwalia Ranbir , Zhao Shilin , Vance E. Haley , Lovvorn Harold N. , Hanson Holly , Shannon Chevis N. , Bonfield Christopher M.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Isolated linear skull fractures without intracranial findings rarely require urgent neurosurgical intervention. A multidisciplinary fracture management protocol based on antiemetic usage was implemented at our American College of Surgeons–verified level 1 pediatric trauma center on July 1, 2019. This study evaluated protocol safety and efficacy.

METHODS

Children younger than 18 years with an ICD-10 code for linear skull fracture without acute intracranial abnormality on head CT were compared before and after protocol implementation. The preprotocol cohort was defined as children who presented between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017; the postprotocol cohort was defined as those who presented between July 1, 2019, and July 1, 2020.

RESULTS

The preprotocol and postprotocol cohorts included 162 and 82 children, respectively. Overall, 57% were male, and the median (interquartile range) age was 9.1 (4.8–25.0) months. The cohorts did not differ significantly in terms of sex (p = 0.1) or age (p = 0.8). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (193 patients [79%]). After protocol implementation, there was a relative increase in patients who fell from a height > 3 feet (10% to 29%, p < 0.001) and those with no reported injury mechanism (12% to 16%, p < 0.001). The neurosurgery department was consulted for 86% and 44% of preprotocol and postprotocol cases, respectively (p < 0.001). Trauma consultations and consultations for abusive head trauma did not significantly change (p = 0.2 and p = 0.1, respectively). Admission rate significantly decreased (52% to 38%, p = 0.04), and the 72-hour emergency department revisit rate trended down but was not statistically significant (2.8/year to 1/year, p = 0.2). No deaths occurred, and no inpatient neurosurgical procedures were performed.

CONCLUSIONS

Protocolization of isolated linear skull fracture management is safe and feasible at a high-volume level 1 pediatric trauma center. Neurosurgical consultation can be prioritized for select patients. Further investigation into criteria for admission, need for interfacility transfers, and healthcare costs is warranted.
Milling Fractions of Rice and Their Impact on Final Product Quality: A Review
Authors: Shamim Farah , Ali Raza Mohsin , Riaz Misbah , Sultan Ali Syed , Sarfraz Samina , Tehseen Saima
Published: July 2022

Rice is rich in genomic variety with huge number of assortments developed everywhere. It is man’s most leading food sources. It supports through two-third of the world’s occupants and established in the social legacy of many association. Above 90% of production and intake of rice on the planet happen in Asia and 87% is used worldwide. The volume of worldwide rice trade has enhanced just about six overlap from 1960s to date. Around 80% rice are yielded by limited scope ranchers and are consumed locally. Development of Rice needs to raise 40% by 2030 to meet the normal utilization need of individuals, which must be faced with reduce land and prohibitive water alongside the environmental change circumstances. Manipulation is the course to alter the grain into a structure adept for human utilization, hence, it must be achieved with outrageous consideration to stay away from breakage of the piece and extend the recovery extent. Present paper explains rice handling practices, its results and their importance with unique spotlight on dietary benefit and cooking quality
Геноцид єврейського населення на Донеччині під час нацистської окупації: деякі дискусійні аспекти проблеми
Authors: Титаренко Д. М.
Published: July 2022

В статье освещены дискуссионные аспекты уничтожения еврейского населения на территории Донецкой области в период нацистской оккупации. Исследование базируется на материалах украинских и российских государственных архивов, архива управления Службы безопасности Украины в Донецкой области, федеральных архивов Германии, воспоминаниях очевидцев. В работе рассматриваются проблемы статистики числа жертв, ответственности вермахта за геноцид, основания и функционирования гетто в Сталино (Юзовке), реакции местного населения на геноцид, содержания антисемитской пропаганды. The article is aimed at characterizing the peculiarities, the most controversial aspects of the destruction of the Jews in the Donets’k oblast during the Nazi occupation. The investigation is based on the materials of the Ukrainian central and oblast’s state archives, the archives of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) in Donets’k oblast, the Federal archives of Germany, the state archives of Russian Federation as well as the recollections by eyewitnesses. The problems of the statistics of the sacrifices, the responsibility of the Wehrmacht for the genocide, the conditions of the establishment and functioning of ghetto in Stalino (Iuzivka), the reaction of the local population to the genocide, the essence of the anti-Semitic propaganda are emphasized.