bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of length-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias (Cuvier, 1816) in River Komadougou, Northeast, Nigeria
Authors: Segun Ashley-Dejo S. , Abubakar Idi-Ogede M. , Abubakar Idi-Ogede M. , Sabo Mohammed , Sabo Mohammed , Musa Musa A. , Musa Musa A. , Ijabo Ogah S. , Ijabo Ogah S. , Prince Ogo M. , Prince Ogo M. , Lucy Isaku , Lucy Isaku
Published: April 2023

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias (Cuvier, 1816) was studied between June to November 2020 in River Komadougou, Northeast, Nigeria. A total of 350 fish species were collected from artisanal fishermen at selected landing sites within the study area. The morphometric and meristic characteristics examined varies whereas some meristic features such as pelvic and dorsal fin spine had a constant value of 1 each. The mean condition factor shows no significant difference (P 0.05) throughout the sampling period. A linear relationship was established W = -0.82L1.91 and significant at P 0.01 with b value indicating a negative allometric growth pattern.  The correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.7904) indicated that LWR model is reliable. This study provides baselines on length-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias in River Komadougou, thus further research should be encouraged on the water body for sustainable utilization, decision making and policy formulation.
An analysis of the uptake of anti-retroviral treatment among pregnant women in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Ikpeazu Akudo E. , Anya Samuel E. , Amenyah Richard N. , Ijaodola Olugbenga A. , Bashorun Adebobola T. , Ndukwe Chinwendu Daniel , Davies Abiola , Mobolaji-Bello Mojisola , Ukanwa Chioma , Anosike Adaoha O. , Daniel Uduak , Ogbang Doris A. , Takpa Koubagnine V. , Ojo Olumuyiwa A. , Ogorry Otse , Akpu Murphy , Ashefor Gregory , Ogundipe Alex , Aliyu Gambo G. , Morah Erasmus
Published: April 2023

The percentage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive pregnant women that receive anti-retroviral treatment in Nigeria is low and has been declining. Consequently, 14% of all new infections among children in 2020 occurred in Nigeria. A detailed analysis of available data was undertaken to generate evidence to inform remedial actions. Data from routine service delivery, national surveys and models were analyzed for the six-year period from 2015 to 2020. Numbers and percentages were calculated for antenatal registrations, HIV testing, HIV positive pregnant women and HIV positive pregnant women on antiretroviral treatment. The Mann-Kendall Trend Test was used to determine the presence of time trends when the p-value was less than 0.05. In 2020, only 35% of an estimated 7.8 million pregnant women received antenatal care at a health facility that provided and reported PMTCT services. Within these facilities, the percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women on anti-retroviral treatment from 71% in 2015 to 88% in 2020. However, declining HIV positivity rates at these antenatal clinics and an absence of expansion of PMTCT services to other pregnant women due to cost-efficiency considerations contributed to a progressive decline in national PMTCT coverage rates. To achieve elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, all pregnant women should be offered a HIV test, all who are HIV positive should be given anti-retroviral treatment, and all PMTCT services should be reported.
Important steps for PrEP uptake among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil
Authors: Soares Fabiane , Magno Laio , Eustorgio Filho Marcos , Duarte Filipe Mateus , Grangeiro Alexandre , Greco Dirceu , Dourado Inês ,   PrEP1519 Brazil study group
Published: April 2023

HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool, but there are still few studies about PrEP uptake among adolescents. We aimed to analyze the PrEP uptake process and factors associated with daily oral PrEP initiation among adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and transgender women (aTGW) in Brazil. Baseline data from the first demonstration PrEP cohort study among aMSM and aTGW 15–19 years old (yo) ongoing in three large Brazilian cities (PrEP1519). After completing informed consent procedures, participants were enrolled in the cohort from February/2019 to February/2021. A socio-behavioral questionnaire was applied. Factors associated with PrEP initiation were assessed using a logistic regression model with adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among recruited participants, 174 (19,2%) were aged 15–17 yo and 734 (80,8%) 18–19 yo. The rate of PrEP initiation was 78.2% and 77.4% for 15–17 yo and 18–19 yo, respectively. Factors associated with PrEP initiation were: black or mixed race (aPR 2.31; 95%CI: 1.10–4.84) among the younger adolescents 15–17 yo; experienced violence and/or discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity (aPR 1.21; 95%CI: 1.01–1.46); transactional sex (aPR 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04–1.68); and having had between 2 to 5 sexual partners in the previous three months (aPR 1.39; 95%CI: 1.15–1.68) among those 18–19 yo. Unprotected receptive anal intercourse in the previous six months was associated with PrEP initiation in both age groups (aPR 1.98; 95%CI: 1.02–3.85 and aPR 1.45; 95%CI: 1.19–1.76 among 15–17 yo and 18–19 yo, respectively). The biggest challenge to promoting PrEP use for aMSM and aTGW was in the first steps of the PrEP uptake process. Once they were linked to the PrEP clinic, initiation rates were high.
Inulin alleviates offspring asthma by altering maternal intestinal microbiome composition to increase short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Yuan Guifang , Wen Song , Zhong Xuemei , Yang Xiaotong , Xie Linrui , Wu Xiuli , Li Xiaoyu
Published: April 2023

Technically, symptom of offspring asthma is also closely reliant on its maternal high-fiber diet as well as the intestinal microbiome. Fruits and vegetables are abundant in inulin, and this naturally soluble dietary fiber is endowed with a potential value on offspring asthma control through the maternal intake, but the mechanism now remains less studied. In this study, rats were given with inulin-included drinking water, whereas in normal group rats were allowed with normal water. Afterwards, we analyzed both the formations of the offspring intestinal microbiome ahead of asthma model establishment and of the maternal intestinal microbiome through high throughput sequence and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by metabolomic analysis. Subsequently, lung inflammation indexes were detected by Elisa, and the expression of short-chain fatty acid receptors (GPR41, GPR43) in the offspring of asthma models were evaluated through qPCR assay. Inulin intake resulted in altered maternal intestinal microbiome composition, with a significant increase in SCFAs-producing bacteria (mainly Bifidobacterium), attenuating the asthmatic inflammatory response in the offspring. Meanwhile, inulin intake during pregnancy modulates the composition of the intestinal microbiome of the offspring, and this alteration appears before the onset of asthma, hence, there should be further studies onto the impacts of offspring’s intestinal microbiome on asthma procession.
Unconsciousness and amnesia after cross-body electric shocks not involving the head–A prospective cohort study
Authors: Biering Karin , Kærgaard Anette , Carstensen Ole , Nielsen Kent J.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Little is known about how electrical current passes through the human body except that it follows the physical rule of least resistance. Whether organs remote from the shortest route of the current can be affected is unknown, as different types of tissue vary in resistance. This may explain why some people exposed to electrical injury report symptoms from the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we examined the association between exposure to cross-body electrical current and immediate CNS symptoms.

Material and methods

In a prospective cohort study, we followed 6960 members of the Danish Union of Electricians for 26 weeks using weekly questionnaires. We identified 2356 electrical shocks, and for each shock we asked whether the exposure was cross-body or same-side. We excluded those who reported exposure to the head as well as those who could not report the entry and exit points of the current. We examined two outcomes: becoming unconscious or having amnesia of the event. We use percentages to describe the data and logistic regression to analyze the results.

Results

We found that unconsciousness and amnesia following electric shocks were rare events (0.6% and 2.2%, respectively). We found an increased risk of reporting unconsciousness and amnesia in those exposed to cross-body electrical shock exposure compared to those with same-side exposure (Odds Ratio 2.60[0.62 to 10.96] and Odds Ratio 2.18[0.87 to 5.48]).

Conclusion

Although the outcomes investigated are rare, we cannot rule out a possible effect on the CNS when persons are exposed to cross-body electrical current even though it does not pass through the head.
종합병원 및 요양병원 간호사의 코로나바이러스감염증-19 감염관리 업무 경험
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeon Mi-Kyeong , Son Sookyeon , Yu Juyoun , Lee Insook , Jin Boyoung , Seo Kyoung-sun , An Su-Ra , Hwang Hyejin
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of nurses in general and long-term care hospitals in infection management related to COVID-19. The participants were 10 nurses working at general and long-term care hospitals located in G province. Data were collected through interviews with three focus groups conducted from June to July 2021. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. As a result, 62 codes, 9 subcategories, and 4 categories were extracted. The four themes were as follows: (1) the sudden emergence of COVID-19 and the unending uncertainty, (2) various efforts to prevent and manage COVID-19, (3) facilitators and barriers in managing COVID-19, and (4) suggestions for strengthening infection management. Based on the results, an educational program to enhance the infection management competency of nurses should be developed and applied considering the characteristics of general and long-term hospitals. Moreover, practical policies such as preparing a network for infection management should be prepared.
신종감염병 위기에서 간호사의 임종간호 경험: 질적주제분석
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Yoo Myung Sook , Chae Young Son , Choi Su Jung , Heo Young Mi , Ahn Eun Hee , Lee Ju Lee
Published: April 2023

This study aims to explore and understand nurses’ end of life experiences during care for critical COVID-19 patients. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 nurses working at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in ‘D’ Metropolitan City. The 11 nurses all had experience in end of life care for critical COVID-19 patients. Collected data was examined using qualitative thematic analysis. The results showed the four categories were: trauma from end of life care, overwhelming nursing responsibilities for critical COVID-19 patients, role as guardians and supporters of critical COVID-19 patients, growth of professional identity and professional competency as a nurse. An inadequate infectious disease management system burdened nursing practitioners with many responsibilities during the early stages of the pandemic. However, This experience gave nurses an opportunity to re-think the value of caring and re-establish their professional identity. Institutional support and social interest are required to improve the quality of end of life care and work processes and provide psychological support and recovery for nursing practitioners.
Consumersâ€™ Perspectives toward Car Financing Application: The Case of MIKA Application
Authors: Diva Muhammad Fadel , Aprianingsih Atik
Published: April 2023

Considering that critical factors driving consumer intention to use car financing applications are still unclear, we empirically aim to investigate how substantial perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust, perceived risk, social influence, and attitude influence consumer intention to use car financing. We involved 101 active car financing application users in estimating our proposed research framework and analyzed it through a two-stage PLS-SEM approach using SmartPLS software. We revealed that perceived ease of use has the strongest correlation with attitude toward using car financing applications, and perceived trust has the most substantial influence on the intention to use car financing applications. However, perceived risk is the most determinant factor that should be improved because consumers felt a moderate level of risk when using a car financing application. Practically, this research recommends that car financing providers focus on increasing consumersâ€™ trust and decreasing the risk consumers feel about their application services.
Financial Constraints of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Indonesia Creative Industries
Authors: Nareswari Ninditya , Nurmasari Nuraini Desty , Putranti Latifah
Published: April 2023

The creative industry has a significant role in the economy. The existence of a creative industry causes advanced innovations, increases job availability, and improves the value and quality of a product. However, MSMEs in the creative industry still face constraints related to finance because they have different types of business patterns. The business pattern is unpredictable and will have an impact on strategy. This study aims to identify and explore the financial constraints of MSMEs in the creative industry in Surabaya. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the owner of 8 MSMEs. Using an explanatory pilot study, the result found five themes of the financial constraints of MSMEs in the creative industry: working capital management, access to credit, financial support from the government, cost efficiency, and the financial literacy of the owners. This study has several implications for the creative economy to develop the financial aspect for MSMEs in the creative industry.
The Impacts of Board Characteristics and Size on Risk Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesian Mining Firms
Authors: Viola Belicia , Aryanto Josephine , Marsetio Nany Chandra , Yuliati Retno
Published: April 2023

This study examines how board characteristics (gender, education, and age) and board size can impact corporate risk disclosure (CRD) in quantity and coverage. This research differs from previous studies because we use the newest COSO framework (2017) to measure CRD. We analyzed the data using multiple regression analysis. The results show no relationship between the composition of female directors in both CRD coverage and quantity. Board size positively affects CRD coverage and quantity, while board age negatively affects those two types of CRD. However, board education does not influence CRD quantity and coverage. This study also indicates that board size and age substantially impact the level of risk disclosure. For investors, the board's age and size become an essential consideration in investment decisions related to risk information. While policymakers in Indonesia urgently need a further discussion of the implementation of guidelines to promote higher levels of risk disclosure among firms since the difference in the basis for disclosing risk will reduce the company's competitiveness in the same industry.
Enseignements à échelle 1/1
Authors: Massart Catherine , Pauporté Elie , Raucent Marie-Christine , Vandernoot Cécile
Published: April 2023

Résumé. Des étudiant·es qui fabriquent et construisent, dansent ou plantent des arbres. Autant de scènes inaccoutumées dans une faculté universitaire et qui pourtant se sont multipliées ces dernières années au sein de LOCI. Alors, à quoi rime tout ce remue-ménage ? Cet article vise modestement à mieux faire connaître et à encourager ce que notre Faculté a pris l'habitude de désigner comme enseignement à échelle 1/1. Les doubles pages qui suivent présentent trois activités d'enseignement à échelle 1/1, respectivement sur les sites de Bruxelles, Louvain-la-Neuve et Tournai.

Abstract. Students who fabricate and construct, dance or plant trees. As many unexpected activities in the context of a university faculty, which have nevertheless proliferated in recent years at LOCI. What is behind this movement? This article aims to inform and encourage what our faculty has come to call 1/1-scale teaching. The following double-page spreads present 3 teaching activities at scale 1/1, respectively on the sites of Brussels, Louvain-la-Neuve and Tournai.
Site-surveying
Authors: Llaguno-Munitxa Maider
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Regarded as both a science and an art, site-surveying has become one of the most fascinating and arguably important tasks in the fields of architecture, urban design and planning. This is particularly the case today, in our post-truth society, where questions of urban sustainability, ecology, and inequality have become central to our agendas as designers, and the search for evidence has become imperative. This paper highlights the advantages of detailed site-surveying practices – i.e. the documentation of geographic, topographic, environmental, and social factors – for the construction of local urban ecologies.

Résumé. Considéré à la fois comme une science et un art, l'étude de sites est devenue l'une des tâches les plus fascinantes et sans doute les plus importantes dans le domaine de l'architecture ainsi que de la conception et de la planification urbaines. C'est particulièrement le cas aujourd'hui, dans notre société de la post-vérité, où les questions de durabilité urbaine, d'écologie et d'inégalité sont devenues centrales dans nos agendas de concepteurs, et où la recherche de preuves est devenue impérative. Cet article met en évidence les avantages des pratiques d'étude détaillée des sites – c'est-à-dire la documentation des facteurs géographiques, topographiques, environnementaux et sociaux – pour la construction d'écologies urbaines locales.
Mixed Messages
Authors: Fisher Rick
Published: April 2023

Efforts to promote disciplinary literacy can help students integrate knowledge with ways of doing and being within disciplinary settings. Yet, effectively facilitating disciplinary literacy, even within an upper-level undergraduate physics course like the one studied here, is surprisingly hard. This article qualitatively analyzes an instructor’s responses to student lab reports and finds that his comments to students focused on issues of correctness, often at the expense of larger rhetorical concerns of the text. Analysis also suggests that the instructor was thinking about many rhetorical aspects beyond surface-level errors as he read. Together, these findings suggest that efforts to promote disciplinary literacy, especially related to writing instruction, benefit from recognizing the layered contexts of activity in which writing and responding to lab reports take place. These findings hold value for secondary and post-secondary literacy instruction; in broad terms, this study may serve as a cautionary tale by illuminating the overlapping and competing value systems involved in disciplinary literacy efforts
Model for Implementing Learner-Generated Filmmaking into Undergraduate Teaching and Assessment
Authors: Murray Rose , Bell Emily , Wakefield Andy
Published: April 2023

This quick hit article describes the creation of an open-access tool which guides both staff and students in how to generate films for assessment, as well as a model for implementation complete with marking guidelines. The rationale behind the guide was to enable staff with very little, or no, experience in filmmaking to embed a novel assessment activity into their programmes whilst still providing students with enough technical and stylistic support in film creation. Sustainability is key, and all techniques presented in the guide can be implemented within a variety of degree programmes at minimal financial cost.
The Human Resource Management Practices for the Implementation of TQM in Indian Manufacturing Industries
Authors: T S Nanjundeswaraswamy , Kulenur Sridevi , Nagesh P
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Examine the association between human resource management(HRM) practices and the total quality management (TQM) practices in the meppchanical manufacturing industries.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data and information were gathered using a survey instrument. Data were collected from the managerial level employees working in the HR, quality and production departments. Collected data and information were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and structural equation modelling.   
Findings: Human resource management practices are associated with total quality management practices. The result of the study also reveals that Functional Leadership (FL), Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS), Employee Involvement (EI), Empowerment (EMP) and Employee Training (ET) are the predominant factors of human resource management. At the same time, Benchmarking (BEN), Customer Satisfaction (CS), Top Management Commitment (TMC) and Supplier Relations (SR) are the critical success factors of TQM practices. “Functional Leadership” has the most significant impact on Benchmarking.
Research limitations/implications: The empirical research was on mechanical manufacturing industries in India only. Further, the study can be extended to other sectors to gather relevant TQM and HRM associations.
Practical implications: Successful implementation of HRM practices enhances employees' motivation level; this will significantly help to implement the organization's TQM practices. Overall implementation of HRM and TQM practices will improve employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction level and continuous improvement.
Originality/value: The research tender imminent into associations between HRM and TQM practices focusing on Indian manufacturing organizations. This conceptual framework is a valuable reference for future research.
Merchandise Imports of Asia-Pacific: Role of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dyomina Yana , Mazitova Marina ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: April 2023

Based on the analysis of import flows of the Asia-Pacific (NEA-3 and ASEAN) in the period 2015–2021, it is shown that a stable commodity-geographical structure of supplies has developed in the region. About half of the volume of imports in USD falls on computers, communications equipment, parts and components used in their production; mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes; iron ores and concentrates. At the same time, there is a high level of interdependence of mutual trade flows within the region. Such an import structure is based on the complementarity of the supply and demand of the Asia-Pacific countries. It is shown that only the USA, Australia and Saudi Arabia are large-scale external exporters for ASEAN+3. Of the traditional exports of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), only fuel and energy products had a stable niche with a steady but small-scale demand for fish, forestry and metallurgical products. Thus, for the NEA-3 countries, the Russian Federation was an important supplier of energy resources, and Japan and the Republic of Korea got about half of fuel and energy products from the Russian Far East. Russia was also the largest supplier of fish and seafood for China and the Republic of Korea. Moreover, almost all Russian exports of fish products to the ASEAN+3 countries were supplied from the FEFD. Despite the fact that since 2007 the Russian Federation has gradually increased export customs duties on round wood, which had strong demand in the region, during the study period, Russia remained a key supplier for China, and for Japan it was in the top ten. Approximately 25% of Russian exports of wood and articles of wood to the Asia-Pacific were supplied from the Russian Far East
Transport in the Northern Regions of the Russian Far East: Dynamics in the Conditions of Shocks
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Bardal Anna
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the transport complex of the northern regions of the Russian Far East during the period of negative non-economic shocks of 2020–2022. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was adopted as the object of the study, the work of transport of which was considered against the background of the general indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation. The specifics of the passenger segment of the region are shown, manifested in a smaller rate of decline in traffic in 2020 and higher rates of their recovery in 2021 compared to the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. This dynamics confirms the importance and lack of alternatives to public transport in ensuring the mobility of the population of the republic. Differences in the growth (decrease) rates of transportation in the cargo segment of transport of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Far Eastern Federal District are revealed, which are determined by the non-participation of the northern regions of the Far East in servicing the annually increasing flows of foreign economic cargo, which have a key impact on the formation of region-wide trends. The growth in the volume of work of the microregion’s transport is associated with the reorientation of Russia’s foreign trade to Asian countries and a change in the logistics chains of foreign economic interactions bypassing unfriendly countries. Changes in the conditions for the functioning of the transport complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are indirectly manifested in the formation of new projects for the development of transport infrastructure, creating alternative routes for entering the foreign market for manufacturers in the region (Elga – Chumikan railway), and in increasing the importance of infrastructure projects that minimize the use of overloaded facilities of the transport complex of the Far Eastern Federal District for intraregional transportation (railway bridge across the Lena River, Yakutsk – Magadan railway)
The course of complicated injury of the cervical spine with the development of neurogenic shock
Authors: Lebedeva M. N. , Statsenko I. A. , Palmash A. V. , Ivanova E. Yu. , Rerikh V. V.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To establish the effect of neurogenic shock (NS) on the course of acute complicated injury of the cervical spine.

Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 96 patients with acute complicated injury of the cervical spine. The criteria for the presence of NS were determined as mean blood pressure (BP) < 70 mm Hg, and heart rate (HR) < 60 per minute. Two groups were distinguished: Group 1 included 13 patients with NS, and Group 2 – 83 patients without NS. The main characteristics of patients and the course of spinal cord injury were analyzed from the moment of admission to the 30th day of follow-up.

Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of gender, age, level of spinal injury, severity of spinal cord injury and comorbidity. Admission BP and HR in patients with NS were below the reference values and had statistically significant differences in comparison with similar indicators in patients of Group 2. On the first day of treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), hemodynamic support was required for all patients of Group 1, and for 69 patients of Group 2 (83.1 %). The duration of hemodynamic support in Group 1 was 11 days [6; 15], and in Group 2 – 7 days [4; 14]; p = 0.231. Blood lactate and pH levels were consistent with reference values at all stages, with no intergroup differences. Differences in the severity of organ dysfunctions (SOFA scale) were registered only on the seventh day of treatment in the ICU (p = 0.010); there were no significant differences in the severity of the patients’ condition (APACHE II scale). The presence of NS was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the complication rate. The duration of treatment in the ICU was 28 days [22; 57] in Group 1, 23.5 days [11; 37] in Group 2 (p = 0.055), and that in the hospital – 58 days [44; 70] in Group 1 versus 41.5 [24; 59.5] in Group 2 (p < 0.025). Positive dynamics in the neurological status was noted at discharge in 15.0 % of Group 1 patients and in 19.3 % of Group 2 patients.

Conclusion. The prevalence of NS in isolated injury of the cervical spine was 13.5 %. The development of NS significantly increases the complication rate and duration of hospital stay, but does not exclude the possibility of regression of existing neurological disorders.
The use of transforaminal epidural block in patients with herniated discs and radicular pain
Authors: Krivoshapkin A. L. , Savitskiy I. D. , Gushcha A. O. , Klimov V. S. , Sergeyev G. S. , Savitskaya I. A. , Gaitan A. S. , Abdullaev O. A.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To  study the efficacy and safety of transforaminal epidural block (TEB) in patients with herniated intervertebral discs, as well as to compare the results of their treatment with those achieved in patients who were treated with other methods.

Material and Methods. The results of treatment of 248 patients with herniated intervertebral discs and persistent radicular pain syndrome, who had indications for surgical treatment, were studied. In 70 cases, the TEB was performed, and in case of its low efficacy (less than 50 % reduction in pain severity), surgical intervention was suggested. In 178 cases, surgical treatment was performed – microsurgical or endoscopic discectomy. The state of patients was followed-up during two years using VAS, Oswestry questionnaire and MRC scale for motor dysfunction in the limb.

Results. After 1 month, a decrease in the intensity of radicular pain (by 50 % or more) was determined in the TEB group with a lower frequency (84.3 %) than in the surgical treatment group (93.8 %), without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.526). At the same time, a stable reduction in radicular pain (by 50 % or more) without the need for surgical treatment was achieved in 62.9 % of patients in the TEB group. Also, there was not significant difference in VAS score for local low back pain (p = 0.179) and ODI score (p = 0.348) between groups. After 24 months, the benefits of functional outcomes in the TEB group as compared with the surgical treatment group were confirmed by median ODI (4 [0; 8] vs 12 [4; 20], respectively)  and median VAS for low back pain (0 [0; 1] vs 1 [0; 3], respectively), p < 0.001. A significant (50 % or more) decrease in VAS score for radicular pain was achieved in all patients of the TEB group, while in the surgical treatment group – in 88.8 % (p > 0.05). In the TEB group, a stable analgesic effect without subsequent surgical intervention was achieved in 42 (60.0 %) patients, and the  number of repeated surgical interventions performed for various reasons was significantly  lower (p = 0.001), with a comparable incidence of disc herniation recurrence among operated patients who required repeated surgical treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion. The use of transforaminal epidural block (TEB) in the treatment of patients with herniated intervertebral discs at the lumbar level and persistent radicular pain makes it possible to avoid surgical treatment in 62.9 % of patients in the short term, and in 60.0 % during two year follow-up after the procedure, while maintaining a high quality of life.
METODE ANALISIS SWOT BERBASIS ECOTOURISM DAN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN DESA WISATA LEREP, KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sintawati Harum , Umam Muhammad Mufti , Ulkhaq M. Mujiya
Published: April 2023

Desa Wisata Lerep merupakan objek wisata yang berada di Kecamatan Ungaran Barat, Kabupaten Semarang, yang berpotensi sebagai destinasi pariwisata apabila dikembangkan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal pada kawasan Desa wisata Lerep berbasis ekowisata (ecotourism), mengembangkan strategi ecotourism dengan menggunakan strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis, dan memprioritaskan strategi ecotourism dengan menggunakan model multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pengisian kuesioner. Pihak yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perwakilan dari Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Semarang, pengelola tempat wisata yang ada di desa wisata, warga lokal, dan wisatawan yang mengunjungi desa wisata. Hasil pengolahan menunjukkan bahwa Kawasan Desa Wisata Lerep memiliki delapan faktor yang merupakan kekuatan, sembilan faktor yang merupakan kelemahan, empat faktor yang merupakan peluang, dan tiga faktor merupakan ancaman terhadap pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata Lerep. Hasil pengolahan data juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima strategi yang menjadi prioritas untuk pengembangan objek wisata Kawasan Desa Wisata Lerep.  Abstract[ECOTOURISM-BASED SWOT ANALYSIS AND MULTI-ATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEREP TOURIST VILLAGE, SEMARANG] Lerep Tourist Village is a tourist attraction in Semarang which has a potential to be a tourist destination if it is well developed. This study aims to identify internal and external factors in the Lerep Tourist Village based on ecotourism, to develop ecotourism strategies using strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis, and to prioritize ecotourism strategies using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The respondents were the representatives of the Government Tourism Office of Semarang, managers of tourist attractions, local residents, and tourists. The result shows that the Tourist Village has eight strong factors, nine weak factors, four factors which are opportunities, and three factors which are threats to the development of the Tourist Village. The result also shows that there are five strategies to be prioritized for the development of the tourist destination.Keywords: business strategy; ecotourism; MAUT model; SWOT; tourist destination
Początki misji kameruńskich w kleszczach polityki kolonialnej
Authors: Różański Jarosław
Published: April 2023

Christian missions in Cameroon were quite closely related to European colonization. It came with noble slogans of bringing civilization and freedom. But it had primarily economic and political goals. Although missionary activity was born from other motives, it was nolens volens entangled in the politics of the colonial states. The Cameroonian coast nominally belonged forcenturies to Portugal. At the end of the 18th century the missionary activity in Africa had almost completely disappeared. The beginnings of the mission in Cameroon were entangled in the intricate politics of England, Germany, and France in particular. Without this political dimension it is impossible to fully understand the contemporaneity of the various Christian denominations in Cameroon.
Ewangelizacja w kontekście kultury górskich rejonów Papui-Nowej Gwinei. Część 2
Authors: Kajzer Dariusz
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is to show the dynamics of evangelization in the context of the culture of the peoples living in the mountainous areas of Papua New Guinea. The starting point is the history of Christianization of these areas and the rooting of Churches of various denominations there. The analysis reveals the tools of evangelization used by Catholic missionaries to penetrate the culture and traditions of the local inhabitants, which resulted in the formation of new Christian communities.
Demokracja i religia w trosce o wartości
Authors: Szulakiewicz Marek
Published: April 2023

For quite a long time it was considered that it is the easiest to build democracy through the exclusion of religion and all religious content from the public sphere. This separation resulted in the crisis of religion that we experience nowadays and the degra­dation of democracy. The article is an attempt to rethink these relationships. It is pointed out that such a postulated separation, the exclusion of religion from the formation of the public sphere and participation in democracy, leads in this area to the subordination of everything to the majority rule, while with respect to religion per se to a dangerous reli­gious fundamentalism. Religion provides the information that democracy cannot be lim­ited only to institutions, procedures and the majority rule, but must also be rooted in the rules of law, the principle of justice and values. Religion is also important with respect to the condition of a democratic state and the fate of democracy. Democracy, on the other hand, is also of significant importance with regard to religion because it protects it from destructive fundamentalism.
最低工資有幾低? 貧窮新一代的就業困境報告
Authors:   Lingnan University, Department of Cultural Studies, CHUI Man Kit , YANG Haocheng , WONG Nga Man , CHEN Peier , SONG Xinmiao , LEUNG Shi Chi , PUN Ngai ,   Lingnan University, Institute of Policy Studies,   Lingnan University, Centre for Cultural Research and Development,   嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊
Published: April 2023

為了解香港青年對就業、貧窮、體面生活、相關政策的看法，以及他們收入和支出的情況，嶺南大學政策研究院、文化研究及發展中心聯合進行一項題為《最低工資有幾低？貧窮新一代的就業困境報告》的調查。結果發現，四成接受深度訪談的青年自認貧窮，而絕大部分已有全職工作的受訪青年認為，最低工資調整幅度太低，自己未能受惠。 嶺大研究團隊從2022年5月至12月，先後透過兩輪深度訪談，訪問了67位18至29歲、收入低於2萬元、有工作經驗的青年。另外，團隊亦透過兩輪問卷調查，分別收集到164份及253份有效回覆。 調查結果發現，絕大部分年輕人覺得自己的工資太低，待遇與工作不相稱。受訪青年的收入來源包括全職工作、兼職工作。深度訪談年輕人的收入中位數為15,200元，而問卷調查的收入中位數結果則是6,000至9,999元。一方面，大部分有全職工作的青年認為自己工時長、部分行業長期低薪，比不上任職其他行業的同輩，而覺得不滿。壓力同時來自高昂的生活成本和遙不可及的人生目標，包括置業。 大約四成接受第二輪深度訪談的青年自認是貧窮，他們對於貧窮有多元化的理解。有青年認為三餐不繼才算得上貧窮，有些人覺得人工未達到港人月入中位數就算是貧窮，亦有人認很多目標未能達成，導致「精神貧窮」。其餘自覺不貧窮的青年部分歸因於家庭支援，可以滿足基本需求以外的消費，例如購物和旅遊。 絕大部分已有全職工作的受訪青年覺得最低工資調整幅度太低，自己未能受惠。無論認為自己屬於中產或基層的受訪者，均有共識，認為即使法定最低工資水平提升至40元依然是太低，與市場脫節，調整幅度不合理。不少人往往將最低工資時薪和「一餐飯」的開支掛鉤，認為最低工資水平要吃得起「一餐飯」才合理。受訪者認為最低工資如有合理升幅及政策檢討，對基層家庭及兼職工作者有很大幫助。 問卷調查結果推算，受訪青年要滿足現時的生活開支水平，時薪應該要達到71.6元。問卷調查的結果顯示青年的個人月均生活支出為16,789元，扣除教育開支，平均每月支出約14,894元，按一個月工作26日，每日8小時計算出時薪水平為71.6元，與目前最低工資水平相距很遠。 研究團隊建議，政府應從多方面著手解決此迫切的社會問題。首先，當局應檢討最低工資政策的定位，使它與其他扶貧政策互相配合，以保障不同需要的群體；第二，當局應透明化最低工資的調整過程，改為「一年一檢」；第三，團隊建議重啟標準工時立法程序，訂明標準工時應為每周40小時，加班工資應為正常工資的1.5倍，每月亦應設有加班和總工時上限，並以此為基礎制定「過勞死」的法律定義，把過勞死定為僱主須按《僱員補償條例》（第282章）作出補償的事故。最後，團隊建議政府主動開展設立失業保障制度的工作，包括探討供款式失業保險、檢討現行失業綜援、遣散費／長期服務金，並重視年輕人對相關政策的意見。
Predicting the performance of retaining structure under seismic loads by PLAXIS software
Authors: Badr Mustafa Maadh , Mohammed Shafiqu Qassun S.
Published: April 2023

The dynamic response of the retaining structures is a complex issue, and a major challenge in their design, especially under seismic loading conditions. So a reliable and efficient solution following a computational approach, closer to reality, is required to obtain satisfactory results. Hence, this study came to clarify the effectiveness of the PLAXIS 3D program in predicting the performance, accuracy, and reliability of retaining walls. A case study of placing compressed materials as the backfill of the retaining wall soil is analyzed in this study using PLAXIS 3D software. The results are compared with the experimental results and the results of PLAXIS 2D software. The purpose is to predict the performance of retaining walls under seismic loads. As a result, the research stated that the displacement with time was less than the results recorded depending on the program PLAXIS 2D. According to the comparison of the different analytical tools, the researchers concluded that the adoption of the PLAXIS 3D program gives results that are closer to reality, more accurate, and more reliable.
Active 3D positioning and imaging modulated by single fringe projection with compact metasurface device
Authors: Jing Xiaoli , Li Yao , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: April 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) information is vital for providing detailed features of the physical world, which is used in numerous applications such as industrial inspection, automatic navigation and identity authentication. However, the implementations of 3D imagers always rely on bulky optics. Metasurfaces, as the next-generation optics, shows flexible modulation abilities and excellent performance combined with computer vision algorithm. Here, we demonstrate an active 3D positioning and imaging method with large field of view (FOV) by single fringe projection based on metasurface and solve the accurate and robust calibration problem with the depth uncertainty of 4 μm. With a compact metasurface projector, the demonstrated method can achieve submillimeter positioning accuracy under the FOV of 88°, offering robust and fast 3D reconstruction of the texture-less scene due to the modulation characteristic of the fringe. Such scheme may accelerate prosperous engineering applications with the continued growth of flat-optics manufacturing process by using metadevices.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-3-[2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-ylidene)-ethylideneamino]-but-2-enedinitrile, C17H17N5
Authors: Lian Ze-Yi , Wu Wei-Na
Published: April 2023

C17H17N5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.4347(9) Å, b = 15.6392(15) Å, c = 11.0939(11) Å, β = 

100.215

(
2
)

°

$100.215(2){}^{\circ}$

, V = 1611.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0392, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1105, T = 296 K.
Culturally Responsive Librarians: Shifting Perspectives Toward Racial Empathy
Authors: Burns Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2023

Libraries are charged with being inclusive spaces for all patrons. Library (library and information science [LIS]) preparation programs, by extension, must prepare the next generation of librarians to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population. It is imperative that today’s librarians are equipped to infuse diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) theory with best practice when establishing policy and procedure for the library environment, staff, and programing. With little research and no established protocol in LIS education, it is unclear how pre-service librarians are trained in DEI to meet the needs of all users. This exploratory study used a participatory action research model to examine how a library educator-researcher might begin to develop a framework centered on cultural competence and implement it with one class of emerging librarians to explore issues impacting racial DEI in library services. Findings suggest that the framework provided a structure by which the LIS students could interrogate their own bias, gain greater empathy toward understanding DEI and racial issues, and begin to shift their beliefs toward creating a culturally responsive library setting.
Functionally distinct promoter classes initiate transcription via different mechanisms reflected in focused versus dispersed initiation patterns
Authors: Serebreni Leonid , Pleyer Lisa‐Marie , Haberle Vanja , Hendy Oliver , Vlasova Anna , Loubiere Vincent , Nemčko Filip , Bergauer Katharina , Roitinger Elisabeth , Mechtler Karl , Stark Alexander
Published: April 2023

Recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to promoters is essential for transcription. Despite conflicting evidence, the Pol II preinitiation complex (PIC) is often thought to have a uniform composition and to assemble at all promoters via an identical mechanism. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells as a model, we demonstrate that different promoter classes function via distinct PICs. Promoter DNA of developmentally regulated genes readily associates with the canonical Pol II PIC, whereas housekeeping promoters do not, and instead recruit other factors such as DREF. Consistently, TBP and DREF are differentially required by distinct promoter types. TBP and its paralog TRF2 also function at different promoter types in a partially redundant manner. In contrast, TFIIA is required at all promoters, and we identify factors that can recruit and/or stabilize TFIIA at housekeeping promoters and activate transcription. Promoter activation by tethering these factors is sufficient to induce the dispersed transcription initiation patterns characteristic of housekeeping promoters. Thus, different promoter classes utilize distinct mechanisms of transcription initiation, which translate into different focused versus dispersed initiation patterns.
Diseño de modelo para generación de código para C# y SQL Server
Authors: Rojas Torres Juan M. , Calderon-Vilca Hugo D.
Published: April 2023

En la actualidad existen herramientas que generan código fuente de forma automática. En este trabajo se propone un modelo de generación de código fuente enfocada en la arquitectura de 3 capas abarcando el lado del backend utilizando data driven, adicionalmente construimos una herramienta de generación de código fuente. La Herramienta permite cargar un esquema de base de datos y a partir de este genera el código fuente para el lenguaje SQL Server y C#, utilizamos un archivo .xls para importar o exportar el esquema de la base de datos. Hemos utilizado 5 requerimientos de generación de códigos y sus esquemas de base de datos para la prueba, obteniendo como resultado ha generado código fuente sin errores. Realizando el análisis de tiempo nuestro modelo genera 6,998 líneas de código por segundo, en total hemos generado 13 283 líneas de código fuente en 1472 milisegundos que corresponden a 5 requerimientos de generación de códigos fuente con sus respectivas bases de datos.
Editor’s word
Authors: Dunajevas Eugenijus
Published: April 2023

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VALIDITAS LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BIOLOGI SMA BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADAKONSEP SISTEM REGULASI
Authors: Ariana Rikah , Amintarti Sri , Hardiansyah Hardiansyah
Published: April 2023

Learning in the curriculum 2013 provides a learning model that facilitates critical thinking skills. The material for the Sub-Regulatory System in biology learning is still conceptual, so it is necessary to develop a learning material. Learning materials in the form of student worksheet (LKPD) function to facilitate students to actively shape their knowledge according to the demands of the curriculum 2013. The research uses the EDR model and aims to develop student worksheet (LKPD) based on valid critical thinking skills. The research method used Tessmer design, by going through stages 1) self-evaluation; 2) expert review; 3) individual test; 4) small group test and 5) field test. Expert review research subjects consisted of 2 supervisors and 1 high school biology teacher. Individual test subjects were 3 students of class XI MIA 1. Data collection techniques for the validity and practicality of the content used the mean technique. The data analysis technique for the validity and practicality of the content was determined with a final score of 4 in the very valid category. The results showed the validity of LKPD based on expert review obtained the valid category with an overall average of 3.73.    Abstrak. Pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2013 menyediakan model pembelajaran yang memfasilitasi keterampilan berpikir kritis. Materi Sub Sistem Regulasi dalam pembelajaran biologi masih berupa konseptual sehingga perlu dikembangkan sebuah bahan pembelajaran. Bahan pembelajaran berupa LKPD berfungsi untuk memfasilitasi peserta didik untuk aktif membentuk pengetahuannya sesuai tuntutan kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan model EDR dan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD berdasarkan keterampilan berpikir kritis yang valid. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain Tessmer, dengan melalui tahapan 1) Evaluasi diri; 2) uji pakar; 3) uji perorangan; 4) uji kelompok kecil dan 5) uji lapangan. Subjek penelitian uji pakar terdiri dari 2 dosen pembimbing dan 1 orang guru Biologi jenjang SMA. Subjek uji perorangan adalah 3 orang peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1. Teknik pengumpulan data validitas dan kepraktisan isi menggunakan teknik rerata. Teknik analisis data validitas dan kepraktisan isi ditetapkan dengan skor akhir 4 dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) validitas LKPD berdasarkan uji pakar mendapatkan kategori valid dengan rata-rata keseluruhan 3,73; 2) kepraktisan isi LKPD mendapatkan kategori baik dengan rata-rata keseluruhan 3,95.