bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Games as a Factor in the Cognitive Development of Preschoolers
Authors: Klopotova E.E. , Romanova Y.A.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the impact of computer games on the cognitive development of older preschool children. As significant parameters that affect the cognitive development of the child, the time spent on a computer game and the genre of computer games is considered. The study involved 200 preschool children and their parents. The results of the study made it possible to say that the level of cognitive development of children playing computer games moderately in almost all cognitive processes exceeds the level of development of non-playing and multi-playing children. The exception was only indicators of the development of imagination. The various effects of computer games of various genres on the development of cognitive processes in preschoolers were revealed. So, games of the arcade genre negatively affect the formation of all cognitive processes studied in the article. In turn, developing computer games have a positive impact on the development of cognitive processes. Based on the data obtained, the article concludes that it is necessary, on the part of adults, to control and regulate the time that an older preschool child spends on computer games, as well as choose the genre of computer games.
INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL
Authors: Dikusar Ya. S.
Published: August 2020

The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
EVOLUTION OF PUNISHMENT IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW:PROBLEMS OF CONSISTENCY AND IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Rozenko S. V.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the evolution of punishment in Russian criminal law and scientific doctrine. The article considers the dynamics of development and improvement of the definition of punishment in the Soviet and Russian criminal legislation. The refusal of punishment in punishment is analyzed, which is explained by the development of several trends of mitigation of punishment. Changes in many provisions on punishment confirm that this institution has a social and legal necessity and importance for society and the state. Is considered a long process of exclusion from the punishment uncharacteristic of regulations and the formation of the criminal code of legal structure, where the punishment has ceased to be an obligatory consequence of the crime, as embodied and other measures of criminal-legal nature, like legal consequences of the crime. The essence of criminal punishment is recognized as a historically variable category, since it is determined by the objectives of criminal policy implemented by the state. Punishment includes legal restriction of the person, its rights and freedoms, but it is caused by system interaction with other measures of criminal-legal character.
SYSTEM OF THE GENERAL PART OF THE CRIMINAL CODEOF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shchelkonogova E. V.
Published: August 2020

The article examines the General part of the Criminal Code. It is considered from the point of view of a systematic approach, questions are raised about the meaningful relationship between the norms of the General Part and the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The historical aspect of the formation of the current structure of the Code is given, and the question of whether the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are identical parts or not. The sections of the General Part are analyzed in order to identify their functional load and significance for law enforcement.
A case of a double uterus and a double vagina
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

This case of a double uterus and a double vagina is noticeable only because the author found this anomaly only during the second childbirth of the patient, although he himself provided obstetric care during the first childbirth of it (along with another obstetrician).
Childbirth complicated by cervical carcinoma, presentation of childbirth and weakness of attempts
Authors: Soloviev A.
Published: August 2020

Woman 32 years old, married 4 years, 3 years ago - normal childbirth. Pregnant 9 months, cranial position, dance presentation. The cervix is loosened, hypertrophied, especially in the lower part, the pharynx passes a finger. Short-lived but severe bleeding.
Scope of surgical treatment of uterine folds back
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: August 2020

The author distinguishes between mediocre and direct methods: the first ones include: 1) stitching of perineal ruptures, operations during the prolapse and prolapse of the vagina and uterus; 2) suturing of deep ruptures of the neck; 3) wedge-shaped excision and amputation of the neck; 4) Removal of tumors that displace the uterus posteriorly by means of celiac disease; 5) Castration. - There are a large number of direct methods.
The third ovaryotomy performed on the same patient
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

Mrs F. 42 years old. In 1877, the author removed a single-cavity cyst from the patient. The leg is tied with silk and immersed. Fast recovery. Months continued. (According to the author, it was a vaporous cyst, the long stem of which was tied far from the ovarian tissue).
MATERIALS ON EXTRAUTERY PREGNANCY
Authors: Ivanov A. I.
Published: August 2020

Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, especially in the first 2-3 months, is so difficult that many doctors consider it possible in extremely rare cases. Bandl doubts the possibility of diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy up to 3 months, if it is not accompanied by any complications. Professor NF Tolochinov says that "recognition of an ectopic pregnancy in the first half of it is possible only in exceptional cases, under especially favorable circumstances." Professor Krassovskiy claims that the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy, especially in the early stages of her pregnancy, can only be made with a certain probability. Spiegelberg, Schrder and many others hold the same view on the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, and Depaul considers it almost completely impossible to recognize this anomaly in the first 4-5 months of its development.
Lizol in surgery
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

The author, by means of precise studies, stated that lysol from the point of view of killing bacteria is at least equivalent to carbolic acid, being at the same time much less toxic.
A case of early menstruation
Authors: Rutkovskiy A.
Published: August 2020

By the end of the 1st year of life, girl I., the daughter of relatively healthy parents, who was born on time and had no illnesses during this period, developed a fever in February 1891, on the second day a rash appeared all over her body, mistaken for hives; on the 3rd day the fever decreased, but the child was very restless and clutched at the lower abdomen with his hands.
Caesarean section due to pelvic tumor
Authors: Rutkovskiy A.
Published: August 2020

Primiparous, 20 years old. Childbirth lasted three days under the supervision of a simple midwife, and then a city grandmother, and only on the 4th day the woman in labor was in the maternity hospital. 6 weeks before giving birth, the pregnant woman fell on the sacrum and was badly hurt since then she had severe pains in the lower abdomen with severe fever with tremendous chills, which kept her in bed all the time. When examined through the vagina, a tumor is low in the pelvic cavity, round, slightly painful, certainly motionless, dense, filling the entire sacral cavity; the upper border of the tumor is not defined behind the presenting head.
The case of the Porro operation
Authors: Rutkovskiy A.
Published: August 2020

T.V., 20 years old, primiparous. She started to walk early and walked well until 2 years old. From 2 to 4 years old, the gait was with a strong transshipment.
Surgical complications of peritoneal dialysis in children with acute kidney failure
Authors: Dobroserdov Dmitrii A. , Shchebenkov Mikhail V. , Shavkin Alexey L.
Published: August 2020

The dialysis department of the Childrens City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center for High Medical Technologies has been operating since 1977 and is the only specialized department in the North-West Region of the Russian Federation that provides assistance to children with both acute and chronic renal failure. Peritoneal dialysis is the treatment of choice for children with acute renal failure, the most common cause of which is hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite widely used measures to improve the results of peritoneal dialysis, complications are extremely common. The article analyzes the complications of peritoneal dialysis in children with acute renal failure who were treated in a hospital from 2008 to 2018. The emphasis in the study is on the analysis of complications of peritoneal dialysis, in the treatment of which the surgeon actively participated or should have taken part in. If the problem of acute renal failure is multidisciplinary in the sense that it requires the participation of nephrologists, resuscitators, infectious disease specialists, then if necessary, renal replacement therapy requires the surgeon to become not only a specialist providing access, but also a full-fledged participant in the treatment process. As follows from the foregoing, the surgeons actions depend not only on the quality of dialysis, but also the timeliness and adequacy of treatment of complications, which ultimately improves or worsens the quality of medical care in general.
Contemporary diagnosis of HIV infection in pediatrician’s practice
Authors: Hakizimana Jean-Claude , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Yastrebova Elena B. , Nasyrov Ruslan A. , Gusev Denis A. , Timchenko Vladimir N. , Bulina Oksana V.
Published: August 2020

The objective of the study: evaluation of the effectiveness of clinico-epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics of HIV infection in pediatric practice.

Materials and methods. Under the supervision of pediatricians of the Department of motherhood and childhood of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center, there were 388 HIV-infected children aged from one month to 17 years inclusive. Due to the reasons of late detection and HIV dissidence of parents, 18 children (4%) died cumulatively among the children observed in St. Petersburg center for AIDS. The object of the immunohistochemical study was randomly selected HIV-infected children who applied to the center for prevention and control of AIDS for return visits. Material for testing for the presence of HIV-1 P24 antigen was taken from the back wall of the nasopharynx.

Results. When analyzing the ways of HIV infection in children registered at the maternity and childhood Department of the Saint Petersburg AIDS Center, it turned out that 363 children were infected perinatally (93,6%), 23 (5,9%) sexually infected and 2 children through injecting drugs (0.5%). The proposed method of immunocytochemistry for the diagnosis of HIV infection in children can find its application, especially for primary diagnostics, which may simplify and reduce the cost of laboratory diagnostics.
Non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay I. , Romanova Elena S.
Published: August 2020

The lecture is devoted to non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection. Various measures are described to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to both the public and healthcare providers. The characteristic of various measures for the disinfection of medical and household waste is given. A detailed description of various personal protection methods with a description of the rules for their use is given. Attention is drawn to the rules for the use of personal protective equipment during a pandemic. Attention is drawn to common errors encountered when using personal protective equipment. The importance of their use in order to prevent the spread of infection outside medical institutions is emphasized.
Conceptual features of a public contract in modern civil law
Authors: Ananev Andrey G.
Published: August 2020

The civil legislation reform affects the provisions on public contracts. This article deals with the issues surrounding public contract qualification under the conditions of modern regulation. A characteristic feature of modern regulation and theoretical provisions of civil law is the lack of unified approaches to defining the public contract concept, its essence, and accompanying conditions. In practice, there are various situations wherein the legislator does not give clear instructions on certain aspects of contracts that have a public character. This determines the theoretical and practical relevance of examining this area. The article analyzes the main defining features of the designated contractual structure and examines the features of expression of public-legal principles in legal regulation in these contractual relations. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of normative material, civil law theory and certain aspects of law enforcement on public contracts norms. The article highlights the legal and conceptual aspects of public contract institution in the context of modern legal regulation. The task of further research on this issue is not so much to find one correct definition of this agreement for the legislator, but rather to fix the individualizing features in the law, by integrating them either into the conceptual apparatus or by directly fixing them in the normative act text. The author attempts to systematize the relevant features and to identify the distinct principles for differentiating a public contract with the related contractual structures. The article also presents clear criteria for differentiation and the hierarchy of the application of certain rules to relations arising from a public contract. This paper concludes by highlighting the need to proceed not only from the definition of law, but also from specific features of a public contract, when identifying the designated contractual structure.
Procedural problems of alienation of shares and shares of business entities
Authors: Maksurov Aleksey A.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the practice of observing the pre-emptive rights of shareholders of non-public joint-stock companies and business company participants when alienating shares (stocks) of business companies, including third parties. We are talking about protecting the interests of participants (shareholders) and the company as well as persons alienating the shares. The material is of interest in the formation of a civilized and effective corporate culture. The law provides not only for the right to alienate shares in business companies and non-public joint-stock companies, but also for the forms (methods) of exercising such a right (power). These forms (methods) have an approximate list. Based on the concept of civil law dispositivity, the rightholder can use any method of shares (stocks) alienation that is not prohibited by law. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation1 mentions the ways of transferring shares only in relation to a limited liability company (Article 93). The norms of this Code do not contain any specifics in this regard, thus leaving the issue to special (corporate) legislation. However, corporate legislation does not fully regulate the entire mechanism for transferring a share in the authorized capital or shares to another person.

The most common method of share alienation is a share purchase and sale agreement; other methods that are not prohibited by law are considered auxiliary methods. The paper deals with procedural issues involved in using methods of shares alienation in practice.

1 The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part one) from 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (as amended on 16.12.2019, Rev. from 12.05.2020) / / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1994. No. 32. St. 3301.
Game genesis of justice in the teachings of Huizinga
Authors: Tsvetkov Yury A.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the concept of the game origin of justice, developed by the Dutch historian and philosopher Johan Huizinga, in the context of the general teaching about human culture as a game. From the work of the historian, the game signs are distinguished, and the definition of its concept is formulated. The highlighted game signs correlate with the justice signs. The interpretation of some proto-legal phenomena and statements about their gaming origin are compared with the points of view of other legal historians, namely, J. Davi and V. Ehrenberg. This paper presents the author's interpretation in relation to contemporary developments in the law. An explanation is given for why the theory about the game origin of justice has not received support and development in the lawyers work. The identification of justice with a religious cult is carried out through similar gaming practices. The paper concludes by stating that there are direct genetic links among the game, justice, and religious worship. It is hypothesized that the theory about the game origin of justice can be considered a special case of a higher-level theory about the origin of state and law from the game.
The importance of information in modern society
Authors: Kolesov Mikhail V.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes changes that have occurred in public life and legal practices during the period of rapid development of information and communication technologies. On the basis of the presented facts and observations, the need for normative regulation of actions and statements on the internet is substantiated. It is concluded that information in modern society increases in value, since it can be used not only as a product, but also as a means of influencing public opinion and institutions.
Yoğun Bakımda Ateşin Nadir Bir Nedeni: Trafik Kazası Sonrası Yağ Embolisi Sendromu
Authors: ALKAN ÇEVİKER Sevil , YILDIZ Emel , GEDİK Mehmet Ali , ÜZÜMCÜGİL Alaaddin Oktar , ÖNER Süleyman Kaan
Published: August 2020

Yağ embolisi sendromu (YES), solunumsal,
hematolojik, nörolojik ve cilt belirtileri ile seyredebilen mikro dolaşımdaki
yağ embolisinin sistemik belirtilerinden kaynaklanan klinik bir tablodur.
Genellikle uzun kemik kırıklarından sonra ve 24-72 saat sonra ortaya çıkar.
YES, insidansı, uzun kemik fraktürü sonrası % 0,5–3,5, pelvik fraktür veya çoklu
uzun kemik fraktürü sonrası % 5–10 arasında değişmekte olan nadir bir klinik
tablodur. Hastalarda ateş, ciddi solunum sıkıntısı, bilinç değişikliği, yaygın
peteşi ve döküntülere ilaveten multiorgan yetmezliği görülebilir. Tanı
genellikle klinik bulgulara dayansa da biyokimyasal değişiklikler yararlı
olabilir. Sunulan olgu pat pat kazası sonrası ateş etyolojisi araştırılırken
saptanan yağ embolisi sendromu olgusudur.
ISTIHDAMU BARNÂMIJI “SPARKOL VIDEOSCRIBE” LILWASÂILI ATTA’LÎMIYYAHI LILLUGHATI AL ARABIYYATI
Authors: Dariyadi Moch Wahib
Published: August 2020

الملخص : Sparkol VideoScribe هو البرنامج الذي يمكن استخدامه لإنشاء الوسائل التعليمية تعتمد على الوسائل المتعددة(multimedia)  والتعلم الإلكتروني(e-learning) . من مزايا هذا البرنامج أنه يمكن إنتاج فيديو العرض والرسوم المتحركة (animation) الجذابة. وكيفية استخدامه سهلة، بحيث يمكن لمدرسي اللغة العربية ممن ليس لديهم من المعرفة بالكمبيوتر، يستطيع إنتاج الوسائل للرسوم المتحركة وتطبيقها في عملية التعليم في الفصل الدراسي. يعد هذا البرنامج أحد العروض البديلة التي يمكن استخدامه لإنشاء الوسائل التعليمية والتفاعلية والمبتكرة لزيادة اهتمام الطلاب في تعليم اللغة العربية. Abstract:  Sparkol VideoScribe is a software that can be used to create multimedia- and e-learning based media. The software is able to design presentation videos and interesting animations and is also easy to be used by teachers even with basic skills in computer program. Therefore, the software is practical to be used in teaching Arabics. The software can also be used to create interactive and innovative learning media. Thus, it may appeal attractive to students and develop their involvement in learning Arabic language. Abstrak : Sparkol VideoScribe adalah sebuah software  yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat  media  pembelajaran  berbasis  multimedia  dan  e-learning.  Kelebihan    dari  software    ini    adalah    dapat    menghasilkan    video    presentasi  dan  animasi  yang menarik serta cara penggunaannya  yang sangat  mudah, sehingga guru Bahasa Arab yang  minim  pengetahuan  komputer  pun  bisa  memproduksi  media  animasi  berbasis video  dengan  mudah  dan  menerapkannya  pada  proses  pembelajaran      dikelas.   Software   ini   adalah   salah      satu   alternatif penawaran yang dapat digunakan   untuk  membuat  media  pembelajaran  video  yang  interaktif  dan  inovatif  sehingga mampu      meningkatkan  perhatian  dan  aktivitas  siswa  dalam  pembelajaran  Bahasa Arab. Kata kunci: sparkol, videoscribe, media, video, pembelajaran
Al-QASHRU FÎ KHAMSATI AJZÂI MIN AL-QUR’ÂN AL-KARÎMI
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad
Published: August 2020

مستخلص البحث:أهداف هذا البحث هي وصف أهداف القصر ووصف طرقه وأنواعه مع تحليله الموجودة في خمسة أجزاء من القرآن الكريم. ومدخل هذا البحث البحث الوصفي الكيفي. وبيانات هذا البحث ومصادرها هي الآيات القرآنية في خمسة أجزاء التي تشتمل على القصر. وطريقة جمع البيانات في هذا البحث هي التوثيق. وأدواته الباحث نفسه. وأما نتائج هذا البحث هي أهداف القصر في خمسة أجزاء من القرآن الكريم هدفان وهما تمكين الكلام وتقريره في الذهن والتعريض. وأما طرق القصر المستخدمة فيها أربع وهي القصر بالنفي والاستثناء والقصر بأداة إنما والقصر بالعطف والقصر بتقديم ما حقه التأخير. وأنواع القصر الموجودة فيها ثلاثة أنواع، وهي القصر من حيث طرفيه وباعتبار الواقع ومن حيث المخاطبين.الكلمات الرئيسة: القصر; خمسة أجزاء; القرآنAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah medeskripsikan ahdafu al-qashri, mendeskripsian cara bentuk qashr, jenis qashr beserta analisisnya yang ditemukan didalam 5 juz alquran. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripstif kualitatif. Adapun data dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah ayat-ayat alquran didalam 5 juz yang mengandung qashr. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah peneliti (human instrument). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah tujuan-tujuan qashr didalam 5 juz alquran ada dua, yaitu tamkin alkalam wa taqririhi fi adzdzihni dan atta’ridl. Adapun bentuk-bentuk qashr yang digunakan didalam 5 juz alquran ada 4, yaitu qashr dengan annafu wa alistitsna, qashr dengan innama, qashr dengan athaf, dan qashr dengan taqdimu ma haqqahu atta’khir. Sedangkan jenis-jenis qashr didalam 5 juz alquran ada 3, yaitu alqashru min haitsu tharfaihi, alqashru bi’tibari alwaqi’, dan alqashru min haitsu almukhathabin.Kata Kunci: Qashr, 5 Juz, QuranAbstractThe purposes of this research are describing ahdafu al-qashr, describing shapes of qashr, kinds of qashr in the analysis found in 5 sections of quran. The research approaching used in this research is qualitative descriptive research, the data and source of data used is letter of quran in five sections concist qashr. The method of data collecting used instrument documentation used is researcher (human instrument). And the result of this research is in five sections of quran there are: The purpose of qashr is in 5 sections of quran consist with purpose kinds tamkin alkalam wa taqririhi fi adzdzihni and atta’ridl. (2) Shapes of qashr are used in 5 sections of quran consists of 4 shapes, there are: qashr with annafu wa alistitsna, qashr with innama, qashr with athaf, and qashr with taqdimu ma haqqahu atta’khir.. (3) Kinds of qashr are in 5 sections of quran with the analysis consists of  3 kinds, there are: alqashru min haitsu tharfaihi, alqashru bi’tibari alwaqi’, and alqashru min haitsu almukhathabin.Keywords : Qashr, Five Sections, Quran
Análisis de Calidad de la Energía y Estado de Carga en un Puesto de Seccionamiento y Transformación de Energía
Authors: Sousa Santos Vladimir , Gómez Sarduy Julio
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de un procedimiento para el análisis de calidad de la energía, específicamente de desvío y desbalance de tensión, en un puesto de seccionamiento y transformación de energía (PT), así como se evalúa el estado de carga de sus principales elementos. Para la ejecución del procedimiento no es necesaria la realización de pruebas invasivas o muy costosas.
En el trabajo se describen los pasos del procedimiento y se tratan los principales aspectos teóricos aplicados tales como los problemas de la calidad de energía, haciéndose énfasis en el desbalance y desvío de tensión.
El procedimiento es aplicado en el (PT) del barrio Torre do Tombo, en la ciudad de Namibe, perteneciente a la Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (ENE) de la República de Angola. Se determinó para cada lectura de tensión y corriente, los parámetros y curvas que permitieron evaluar el estado de carga del transformador, de los disyuntores y de los conductores de cada circuito del (PT), así como realizar un análisis de la calidad de energía de uno de los circuitos, detectándose problemas de calidad de la energía y mala selección de disyuntores.
Balance de energía y exergía de un horno de cuba vertical para la producción de cal
Authors: Sagastume Gutiérrez Alexis , Cogollos Martínez Juan B.
Published: August 2020

El trabajo trata las metodologías y los indicadores para la evaluación de los impactos de uso del agua dulce, los métodos existentes analizan fundamentalmente la cantidad de agua usada con relación a los impactos ocasionados. Teniendo en cuenta que hay una necesidad reconocida para considerar los impactos, específicamente sobre bases del ciclo de vida, la problemática es que se consideran insuficientes los datos o no son confiables en las bases de datos del ciclo de vida del uso del agua, además no coincide el método de valoración del impacto del ciclo de vida para lo relacionado con los impactos estimados en el uso del agua dulce, se resaltan estas dificultades y se analizan las ventajas, limitaciones, diferencias en los resultados entre diversos métodos y se observa la necesidad de una metodología perfeccionada para la evaluación de los impactos del uso del agua sobre bases del ciclo de vida. La producción de cal viva es un alto consumidor de energía que además se caracteriza por elevadas emisiones de CO2. Este trabajo se propone desarrollar el balance energético y exergético del proceso de calcinación de calizas con el objetivo de identificar los factores más influyentes en el consumo de combustible. Los resultados muestran que la destrucción de exergía durante debido a la combustión del combustible y a la transferencia de calor y momento del proceso son los procesos más irreversibles. Los resultados además muestran que la energía y la exergía contenida en los gases de escape representan la principal pérdida del proceso. La combinación de estos factores representa más del 50% de la energía suministrada al proceso.
From the urban project to the participative public space project: A historical approach.
Authors: Padilla Llano Samuel Esteban
Published: August 2020

This article makes a chronological tour of the main city-making models, from classic to current times, to arrive at the conclusion that citizen participation in decision-making processes on urban projects has ended up conditioning the current working models of the territory, particularly in terms of urban production. Despite the inconsistency between what the broad body of knowledge on cities (Lexis) establishes for the development of citizenship and the often defended and cited citizen rights, and the practice (praxis) of participation, we find that processes that are promoted as being inclusive and with a collective work approach end up becoming, either through omission, lack of knowledge, inexperience or despotism, models that conceal hierarchical power structures and that deny urban equity and justice in public space projects.
Especulaciones de la vivienda y el urbanismo
Authors: Lasprilla Martha Ligia
Published: August 2020

En un mundo donde más de la mitad de la población habita en espacios urbanos, el conocimiento de la organización, el crecimiento, el orden jerárquico que conforman estos espacios, ha pasado a ser uno de los hechos geográficos de gran interés, por sus implicaciones políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales, espaciales (Bottino, 2009). De cierto, la mayoría de las ciudades han sido construidas basándose en las necesidades de espacios habitacionales y urbanos por parte de la población, sin embargo, desde hace unas décadas los intereses personales, políticos y financieros de muchas personas han primado de la construcción de una ciudad, especialmente, en los espacios habitacionales y de recreación.
Las 3R, el patrimonio y el lugar
Authors: Ocampo Hurtado Juan Gabriel
Published: August 2020

Reducir, reutilizar y reciclar, componentes de la regla de las 3R propuesta en la cumbre del G8 de 2004 como estrategia de desarrollo social, se plantean como diferentes niveles de intervención al patrimonio¿ arquitectónico donde la condición fundamental es la protección al sentido de lugar
La gestión del riesgo bajo un enfoque sostenible y de derechos
Authors: Meza Carmen
Published: August 2020

El riesgo está implícito en cada dinámica de ocupación, producción y transformación que impone el ser humano en los territorios; el enfoque de derechos implica aumentar las competencias y capacidades de acción de las personas, organizaciones y sociedades para tomar decisiones asociadas al desarrollo. Promover la sostenibilidad ambiental, social y económica debe ser el principio que guíe la formulación de las políticas públicas locales para la gestión de un plan de ordenamiento territorial que logre por medio de acciones estratégicas disminuir los factores de riesgo. El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación elaborada en el marco de los proyectos de desarrollo y paz en la Región Caribe, una apuesta a la construcción de escenarios colectivos de participación para la construcción de estrategias de fortalecimiento institucional, rol que desempeñan las organizaciones públicas y privadas para el manejo de la gestión del riesgo en cada municipio.
Towards educability mediated by the PARCE model as a social-emotional strategy
Authors: Yepes Gomez Sandra Kelly
Published: August 2020

This article comes from the research entitled: Educability mediated by the PARCE model as a social-emotional strategy in the classrooms of local public educational institutions. Its main objective was this: to identify the impact of teachability and educability generated by this pedagogical proposal, and how its effect is evidenced in the local school system of the department of Quindío, Colombia. To achieve this, it is necessary to delve deeper into the problems presented by practicum teachers in the public institutions of the area under study, within the framework of teachability, which allows proposing other didactic perspectives in pedagogical activities, as an input to promote learner’s emotional development and social skills. To this end, it is necessary to identify the problematic situations in classrooms that directly or indirectly affect school performance and environment in educational institutions.
Chemosensitizing effect of maitake mushroom extract on carmustine cytotoxicity in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Hillelsohn Joel , Stern Michael , Iskander Mina , Choudhury Muhammad , Konno Sensuke
Published: August 2020

Background: Despite several therapeutic options available for bladder cancer, the outcomes are less satisfactory.  To find a more effective modality, we were interested in the bioactive mushroom extract, PDF, which has been shown to sensitize certain anticancer drugs.  Accordingly, we investigated if cytotoxic effects of several anticancer drugs used on bladder cancer patients could be enhanced with PDF in vitro.Methods: Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with four anticancer drugs, carmustine (BCNU), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), cisplatin (CPL), and doxorubicin (DOX) alone, their combinations, or in combination with PDF, and cell viability was determined.  To explore the anticancer mechanism, the status of glyoxalase I (Gly-I), an enzyme involved in the drug resistance of cancer cells, and oxidative stress that can cause severe cellular injury/damage was also assessed.Results: BCNU and 5FU alone resulted in a >50% reduction in cell viability but CPL and DOX had no such effects.  Only a combination of BCNU and PDF led to a drastic (~90%) cell viability reduction, accompanied by inactivation of Gly-I and an increase in oxidative stress.  However, any combinations of other drugs and PDF had little effects on cell viability, Gly-I activity, or severity of oxidative stress.Conclusions: This study shows that anticancer activity of BCNU is significantly potentiated with PDF in T24 cells.  This is rather attributed to inactivated Gly-I and increased oxidative stress.  Therefore, PDF appears to have a chemosensitizing effect capable of enhancing BCNU cytotoxicity, which may offer an alternative, improved therapeutic option for bladder cancer.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE CARTILHA EDUCATIVA SOBRE CUIDADOS COM CRIANÇAS FRENTE A PANDEMIA COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Ramires da Silva Rita De Cássia , De Lima Raimundo Adrielly Cristina , Oliveira dos Santos Camila Thayná , Santana Vieira Ana Carolina
Published: August 2020

Resumo: Objetivo: Relatar experiência da produção e divulgação de tecnologia em forma de cartilha educativa para informar e orientar sobre  cuidados a serem tomados com as crianças frente a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência que busca relatar  a construção de uma cartilha digital, online e gratuita contendo informações sobre cuidados a serem tomados com crianças e lactentes na prevenção ao coronavírus. A construção foi realizada por estudantes de enfermagem, em Maio de 2020. Resultados: A construção da cartilha possibilitou a integração entre pesquisadoras, educadores e comunidade. O produto foi amplamente divulgado e houve retorno positivo das orientações passadas de forma lúdica, fidedignas e acessíveis. Conclusão: A experiência oportunizou a integração das pesquisadoras à comunidade e, por ter surgido de uma necessidade da própria comunidade, amplia-se o vínculo extramuros da Universidade, fator imprescindível para a atuação junto à população.
The effect of methenamine on vascular development: Experimental investigation using in vivo and insilico methods
Authors: Tavakkoli Hadi , Imani Masoud , Mohammad Rahchamani Seyyed , Rezvani Mohsen
Published: August 2020

Background: Methenamine is a worldwide antibacterial agent for urinary system infections in human and animals. The effect of methenamine consumption during early phase of pregnancy is not fully clarified in previous studies. Vascular development is the essential part of the early embryonic growth.
Objective: In this study, we used chicken chorioallantoic membrane to evaluate the effects of methenamine administration on angiogenesis process as a model.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 Ross 308 eggs (mean weight 55 ± 4) were incubated. The eggs were divided into two equal groups (n = 10/each). In the first group, methenamine (150 mg/kg egg weight) was injected on the shell membrane, and in the second group (control group) phosphate-buffered saline as injected. Methenamine was inoculated at 96 and 120 hr after incubation; 24 hr after the last inoculation, the eggs were removed and the egg’s shell was incised. Then, the development of vascular network and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was evaluated.
Results: Angiogenesis was significantly decreased after methenamine treatment. The indexes such as areas containing vessels, the vessels’ length, the percentage of angiogenesis developing areas, and vascular complexity in the treatment group receiving methenamine were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was suppressed in the methenamine treated group.
Conclusion: According to the achieved results, it was defined that methenamine could have an inhibitory effect on the growth and development procedures of extraembryonic vasculature.
Key words: Methenamine, Angiogenesis modulating agents, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Extraembryonic membranes.
Effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on CatSper1 and CatSper2 genes expression in the seminiferous tubules of BALB/c mice: An experimental study
Authors: Sadeghi Saeed , Jalali Mahdi , Reza Nikravesh Mohamad , Sankian Mojtaba
Published: August 2020

Background: CATSPER 1 (Cation Channel Sperm Associated 1) and CATSPER2 channels have an important role in sperm motility. In this study, the effects of hyperthyroidism on Catsper1 and 2 genes of seminiferous tubules in mice testes were investigated.
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on the expression of CATSPER1 and CATSPER2 genes in the seminiferous tubules of mice.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 BALB/C male mice divided into two groups - experimental and control. The experimental group was administered with 500 mg/l levothyroxine (L-thyroxine) liquid solution for two months for inducing hyperthyroidism, which was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. On the other hand, the control group was kept in animal houses under a normal condition. The implementation of real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical studies was accomplished after the removal of the testes of the mice under anesthesia induced by chloroform.
Results: Results showed that there was no significant difference in CATSPER1 (p = 0.45) and CATSPER2 (p = 0.34) gene expression between groups. At the same time, the color intensity showed no significant enhancement in the hyperthyroidism group (CATSPER1 p = 0.17 and CATSPER2 p = 0.22) as compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Considering the key role of CATSPER in the molecular structure of the sperm, our findings showed that the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland has no significant effects on the function of these components. Therefore, it might be concluded that hyperthyroidism has no considerable effects on the seminiferous tubules.
Key words: CATSPER1, CATSPER2, Hyperthyroidism, Mice, Sperm.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases and Interleukin-10 reduces with increase in body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mercy Sylus Angel , Nandeesha Hanumanthappa , Chitra Thiagaraju
Published: August 2020

Background: Obesity, inflammation and alterations in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and nitric oxide (NO) levels are involved in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Objective: To investigate the relationship of MMP-9, NO and interleukin-10 (IL-10) with the increase in body mass index (BMI) in women with PCOS.
Materials and Methods: Sixty two infertile PCOS women were included in the study. Serum levels of NO, IL-10 and MMP-9 were assessed in the women with increase in BMI.
Results: MMP-9 was significantly increased (p = 0.029) and IL-10 (p = 0.015) was significantly reduced in obese PCOS subjects compared to those with lesser BMI. MMP- 9 levels positively correlated with the duration of infertility (r = 0.253, p = 0.047) and negatively correlated with NO levels (r = - 0.259, p = 0.042). A significant negative correlation between the interleukin-10 levels and the BMI (r = - 0.272, p = 0.033) was also found in the PCOS subjects.
Conclusion: MMP-9 levels are increased in obese PCOS women and it is associated with NO levels and the duration of infertility.
Key words: Body mass index, Interleukin-10, Nitric oxide, Matrix metalloproteinase-9.
Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Berberis integerrima and resveratrol on ovarian morphology and biochemical parameters in Letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model: An experimental study
Authors: Ashkar Fatemeh , Hassan Eftekhari Mohammad , Tanideh Nader , Koohpeyma Farhad , Mokhtari Maral , Irajie Cambyz , Iraji Aida
Published: August 2020

Background: Resveratrol and Berberis integerrima (B. integerrima) are known to be natural antioxidants and regulators of human metabolism. However, the effects of resveratrol and B. integerrima on the ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not obvious.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. integerrima in combination with resveratrol on some biochemical parameters and ovarian morphology in the letrozole-induced PCOS rat.
Materials and Methods: Seventy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks weighing 200 ± 20 gr were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10/each). Group I): normal; Group II): vehicle; Group III): letrozole-induced PCOS 1 mg/kg letrozole orally, rats receiving 1 cc normal saline orally; Group IV): PCOS + receiving 150 mg/kg metformin orally; Group V): PCOS + receiving 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally; Group VI): PCOS + 3 gr/kg barberry orally; and Group VII): PCOS + receiving 3 gr/kg barberry and 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally. All animals were followed-up for 63 days. The biochemical parameters and histological assessments of ovaries were performed.
Results: Resveratrol alone and/or in combination with B. integerrima treatment in rats led to a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, malondialdehyde , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (p = 0.02). The groups IV, V, VI, and VII showed a decrease in insulin resistance and an increase in the superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the level of serum glucose in the treatment groups. Number of cystic follicles had a significant decrease in barberry, resveratrol, and their combination groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Resveratrol, B. integerrima, and their combination as natural products with fewer side effects might be effective as an alternative medicine in treatment of PCOS.
Key words: Barberry, Resveratrol, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Ovary, Rat.
Protective effects of Ceratonia siliqua extract on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated adult rats: An experimental study
Authors: MehdiKhani Hengameh , Shariati Mehrdad , Forouzanfar Mohsen , Ebrahim Hosseini Seyed
Published: August 2020

Background: Spermatogenesis is a complex process that takes place under the influence of many different genes.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Ceratonia siliqua hydroalcoholic extract (CSHAE) on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated rats.
Materials and Methods: 56 adult male rats with a age range of 2.5 to 3 months (210 ± 10 gr) were divided into seven groups (n = 8/each). A) Control group was left untreated; B) Sham group received 0.3 ml distilled water intraperitoneally, C) Negative control group received 3 mg/kg doxorubicin, intraperitoneally once a week for 28 days; and D) Positive control group received 600 mg/kg of CSHAE orally for 48 days; E, F, G) the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of CSHAE respectively orally, for 48 days, as well as 3 mg/kg doxorubicin once a week for 28 days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used in the histological study of testes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in measuring serum levels of testosterone. Protamine gene expression was determined by real-Time PCR method.
Results: The mean body weight, testicular weight, testicular volume, testosterone level (p = 0.022), the count of Leydig, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid cells, as well as protamine gene expression (p = 0.008) were significantly increased in the experimental group 2 compared to the negative control group. The regeneration of testicular tissue was observed in the experimental group 2.
Conclusion: CSHAE has protective effect on doxorubicin-induced testicular injuries.
Key words: Ceratonia siliqua, Doxorubicin, Protamine, Testicular injuries, Rat.
FROM RITUAL TO ENTERTAINMENT: THE CHANGING ROLE OF BARONGAN PERFORMANCE ARTS
Authors: Jazuli Muhammad , Alam Samsul
Published: August 2020

Purpose of the study: The aim of the study is to 1) describe the Barongan Performance Arts presented in the form of parades and dance-drama on aspects of motion, accompaniment, makeup, fashion, and venue; 2) describe the role of Barongan Performance Arts in Blora society, namely the role of ritual and the role of entertainment that has lasted a long time; and 3) describe the changing role of Barongan Performance Arts from ritual to entertainment in Blora society. Methodology: This research is based on qualitative analysis—the data collected by observation, interview, and documentation. Data validity is using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data of the form of Barongan Performance Arts were analyzed used the ethnocoreology approach, and the data of the changing role of the Barongan Performance Arts were analyzed used the social action method. Main Findings: Barongan Performance Arts are displayed in two forms, namely the form of a procession or parade and dance-drama. Barongan Performance Arts from ritual to entertainment because, the development of social and cultural life of the Blora people, this is influenced by economic and globalization factors. The growth and development of Barongan Performance Arts as an entertainment center is inseparable from the participation of artists and managers in introducing Barongan Performance Arts. Applications of this study: The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for the development of Barongan Performance Arts so that it still exists that is loved by the community, as a reference for local governments in the effort to develop and preserve Barongan Performance Arts, to be an appreciation for and development of Barongan Performance Arts teaching materials and to be an additional aesthetic experience that sourced from Barongan Performance Arts. Novelty/Originality of this study: The conflict between ritual and entertainment interests in Barongan Performance Arts is definite. Reflection of the conflict can be seen from the existence of competing with each other, influencing each other in its presentation and strategies attracting the attention of a broad audience. While the comparison seems they can live and develop side by side.