bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term persistence of treatment after hip fracture in a fracture liaison service
Authors: Naranjo Antonio , Molina Amparo , Quevedo Adrián , Rubiño Francisco J. , Sánchez-Alonso Fernando , Rodríguez-Lozano Carlos , Ojeda Soledad
Published: June 2022

Long-term adherence to antiosteoporosis medication (AOM) in the setting of a fracture liaison service (FLS) are not well known. Patients ≥ 50 with hip fracture seen in an FLS and recommended for treatment to prevent new fractures were analyzed. Baseline data included demographics, identification mode, previous treatment and FRAX items. Patient records were reviewed 3–8 years later, and these data were collected: (1) survival; (2) major refracture; (3) initiation of treatment, proportion of days covered (PDC) and persistence with AOM. 372 patients (mean age, 79 years; 76% women) were included. Mean follow-up was 47 months, 52 patients (14%) had a refracture (22 hip) and 129 (34.5%) died. AOM was started in 283 patients (76.0%). Factors associated with initiation of AOM were previous use of bisphosphonate (OR 9.94; 95% CI 1.29–76.32) and a lower T-score lumbar (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–0.99). Persistence decreased to 72.6%, 60% and 47% at 12, 36 and 60 months. A PDC > 80% was confirmed in 208 patients (55.7%) and associated with previous use of bisphosphonate (OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.34–8.53), treatment with denosumab (OR 2.69; 95% CI:1.37–5.27), and inpatient identification (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.18–4.34). Long-term persistence with AOM was optimal in patients with hip fracture seen at an FLS. A PDC > 80% was associated with inpatient identification and prescription of denosumab.
Large-scale placenta DNA methylation integrated analysis reveals fetal sex-specific differentially methylated CpG sites and regions
Authors: Andrews Shan V. , Yang Irene J. , Froehlich Karolin , Oskotsky Tomiko , Sirota Marina
Published: June 2022

Although male–female differences in placental structure and function have been observed, little is understood about their molecular underpinnings. Here, we present a mega-analysis of 14 publicly available placenta DNA methylation (DNAm) microarray datasets to identify individual CpGs and regions associated with fetal sex. In the discovery dataset of placentas from full term pregnancies (N = 532 samples), 5212 CpGs met genome-wide significance (p < 1E−8) and were enriched in pathways such as keratinization (FDRp-value = 7.37E−14), chemokine activity (FDRp-value = 1.56E−2), and eosinophil migration (FDRp-value = 1.83E−2). Nine differentially methylated regions were identified (fwerArea < 0.1) including a region in the promoter ofZNF300that showed consistent differential DNAm in samples from earlier timepoints in pregnancy and appeared to be driven predominately by effects in the trophoblast cell type. We describe the largest study of fetal sex differences in placenta DNAm performed to date, revealing genes and pathways characterizing sex-specific placenta function and health outcomes later in life.
Subfascial infiltration of 0.5% ropivacaine, but not 0.25% ropivacaine, exacerbates damage and inflammation in surgically incised abdominal muscles of rats
Authors: Shen Dandan , Sugiyama Yuki , Ishida Kumiko , Fuseya Satoshi , Ishida Takashi , Kawamata Mikito , Tanaka Satoshi
Published: June 2022

Ropivacaine-induced myotoxicity in surgically incised muscles has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the effects of infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine on damage, inflammation and regeneration in the incised muscles of rats undergoing laparotomy. Ropivacaine or saline was infiltrated below the muscle fascia over the incised muscles. Pain-related behaviors and histological muscle damage were assessed. Macrophage infiltration at days 2 and 5 and proliferation of satellite cells at day 5 were detected by CD68 and MyoD immunostaining, respectively. Pain-related behaviors were inhibited by 0.25% and 0.5% of ropivacaine for 2 h after surgery. Single infiltration of 0.5% ropivacaine did not induce injury in intact muscles without incision, but single and repeated infiltration of 0.5% ropivacaine significantly augmented laparotomy-induced muscle injury and increased the numbers of CD68-positve macrophages and MyoD-positive cells compared to those in rats with infiltration of saline or 0.25% ropivacaine. In contrast, there were no significant differences in them between rats with saline infusion and rats with 0.25% ropivacaine infiltration. In conclusion, single or repeated subfascial infiltration of 0.25% ropivacaine can be used without exacerbating the damage and inflammation in surgically incised muscles, but the use of 0.5% ropivacaine may be a concern because of potentially increased muscle damage.
Experimental study on rubber concrete filled steel tube members under pure bending
Authors: Wu Hongshuang , Wang Cong , Bai Yikui , Tong Shiyu , Liu Yanhua
Published: June 2022

The test of four rubber concrete filled steel tube (RuCFST) members, one concrete filled steel tube (CFST) member and one empty member were conducted under pure bending. The main parameters were the shear span ratio (λ) from 3 to 5, and the rubber replacing ratio (r) from 10% to 20%. The bending moment-strain curves, the bending moment-deflection curves and the bending moment–curvature curves were obtained. The failure modes of core rubber concrete were analyzed. The failure mode of RuCFST members was bending failure from the results. The cracks of rubber concrete were distributed evenly and sparsely, and the filling of rubber in core concrete prevented the development of cracks. The shear span ratio has little effect on the behavior of the tested specimens. While the rubber replacing ratio had little effect on the bending moment capacity, but had some influence on the bending stiffness of the tested specimens. After filling in rubber concrete, the bending moment capacity and the bending stiffness can be improved compared with the empty steel tube specimen.
Statistics of antibody binding to the spike protein explain the dependence of COVID 19 infection risk on antibody concentration and affinity
Authors: Williams David E.
Published: June 2022

The increase of COVID-19 breakthrough infection risk with time since vaccination has a clear relationship to the decrease of antibody concentration with time. The empirically-observed dependence on blood IgG anti-receptor binding domain antibody concentration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy against infection has a rational explanation in the statistics of binding of antibody to spike proteins on the virus surface, leading to blocking of binding to the receptor: namely that the probability of infection is the probability that a critical number of the spike proteins protruding from the virus are unblocked. The model is consistent with the observed antibody concentrations required to induce immunity and with the observed dependence of vaccine efficacy on antibody concentration and thus is a useful tool in the development of models to relate, for an individual person, risk of infection given measured antibody concentration. It can be used to relate population breakthrough infection risk to the distribution across the population of antibody concentration, and its variation with time.
Machine learning generalizability across healthcare settings: insights from multi-site COVID-19 screening
Authors: Yang Jenny , Soltan Andrew A. S. , Clifton David A.
Published: June 2022

As patient health information is highly regulated due to privacy concerns, most machine learning (ML)-based healthcare studies are unable to test on external patient cohorts, resulting in a gap between locally reported model performance and cross-site generalizability. Different approaches have been introduced for developing models across multiple clinical sites, however less attention has been given to adopting ready-made models in new settings. We introduce three methods to do this—(1) applying a ready-made model “as-is” (2); readjusting the decision threshold on the model’s output using site-specific data and (3); finetuning the model using site-specific data via transfer learning. Using a case study of COVID-19 diagnosis across four NHS Hospital Trusts, we show that all methods achieve clinically-effective performances (NPV > 0.959), with transfer learning achieving the best results (mean AUROCs between 0.870 and 0.925). Our models demonstrate that site-specific customization improves predictive performance when compared to other ready-made approaches.
An activatable near-infrared hemicyanine-based probe for selective detection and imaging of Hg2+ in living cells and animals
Authors: Li Min , Li Ruiyu , Chen Xuefei , Liu Jin , Shao Yong , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2022

A near-infrared hemicyanine-based probe (CyP) was designed for selective detection and imaging of Hg2+ in living cells and animals.
Rapid quantification of microRNA-375 through one-pot primer-generating rolling circle amplification
Authors: Smith Lucas D. , Nalla Siva , Kuo Chia-Wei , Kohli Manish , Smith Andrew M.
Published: June 2022

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is enhanced by a primer-generating nickase for detection of prostate cancer-associated microRNA-375. The method improves the detection limit 61-fold compared to standard RCA.
Iron phosphate hydroxide hydrate as a novel anode material for advanced aqueous full potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Chang , Deng Wenjun , Li Yibo , Zhou Zhuqing , Hu Jun , Zhang Man , Yuan Xinran , Li Rui
Published: June 2022

One kind of iron phosphate hydroxide hydrate Fe1.19PO4(OH)0.18(H2O)0.3 was introduced and synthesized as an anode material in aqueous potassium-ion batteries, which exhibits 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Atropisomerism in a polyglutamate-based thermoresponsive alignment medium
Authors: Schirra Dominic S. , Götz Philipp , Lehmann Matthias , Thiele Christina M.
Published: June 2022

PBPM3LG: A glutamate-based alignment medium with atropisomeric biphenyl sidechains induces different alignments in the LLC phase, allowing the extraction of multiple sets of linearly independent RDCs.
An iodine-containing probe as a tool for molecular detection in secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Kabatas Glowacki Selda , Agüi-Gonzalez Paola , Sograte-Idrissi Shama , Jähne Sebastian , Opazo Felipe , Phan Nhu T. N. , Rizzoli Silvio O.
Published: June 2022

We developed here an iodine-containing probe that can be used to identify the molecules of interest in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) by simple immunolabelling procedures.
A Hg(i) corrugated sheet assembled by auxiliary dioxole groups and Hg⋯π interactions
Authors: Sánchez-Férez Francisco , Solans-Monfort Xavier , Calvet Teresa , Font-Bardia Mercè , Pons Josefina
Published: June 2022

Comproportionation between Hg0 and Hg2+ resulted in the formation of [Hg2(Pip)2] supported by Hg⋯Odioxole and Hg⋯π interactions. Structural and computational assessment determined the tendency of Hg(i) to partake in Hg⋯π interactions.
The soluble N-terminal autoinhibitory module of the A1 domain in von Willebrand factor partially suppresses its catch bond with glycoprotein Ibα in a sandwich complex
Authors: Zhao Yunduo Charles , Li Zhenhai , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: June 2022

The von Willebrand factor A1 domain-derived polypeptide sequence Q1238-E1260 forms a hairpin-like structure in trans. Soluble Q1238-E1260 partially inhibits A1–GPIbα binding while retaining its catch-bond behavior in a sandwich complex.
A volume plasmon blueshift in thin silicon films embedded within Be/Si periodic multilayer mirrors
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Nezhdanov Aleksey V. , Smertin Rushlan M. , Polkovnikov Vladimir N. , Chkhalo Nikolay I. , Golyashov Vladimir A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E.
Published: June 2022

Plasmon loss in Be/Si multilayer mirrors was comprehensively investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
PROTACs: past, present and future
Authors: Li Ke , Crews Craig M.
Published: June 2022

This review highlights important milestones in the evolution of PROTACs, briefly discusses recent lessons about targeted protein degradation, and conjectures on the efforts still needed to expand the toolbox for PROTAC discovery.
Collaborative enhancement in charge separation and photon harvesting of 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts by horizontal loading of SnS2 nanosheets on g-CN films
Authors: Baqi Sabah , Deng Bei , Oo May Thawda , Ullah Naeem , Zhang Rui-Qin
Published: June 2022

Highly efficient photocatalysts based on van der Waals 2D type heterojunctions were fabricated by horizontal loading of ultrathin hexagonal SnS2 nanosheets on the surface of g-CN film via spin coating followed by annealing treatment.
A self-driving laboratory designed to accelerate the discovery of adhesive materials
Authors: Rooney Michael B. , MacLeod Benjamin P. , Oldford Ryan , Thompson Zachary J. , White Kolby L. , Tungjunyatham Justin , Stankiewicz Brian J. , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: June 2022

This self-driving laboratory combines a robot for preparing and testing adhesive bonds with an optimizer to rapidly improve adhesive formulations.
π-Delocalization in phosphaphthalimide and its ambident reactivity (O/P) toward main-group electrophiles
Authors: Shen Qi , Xu Jiashi , Chen Xiaodan
Published: June 2022

NBO analysis of phosphaphthalimide (1) reveals that π-delocalization and hyperconjugation in 1 should be noticed. Additionally, the reactions of 1 with various main-group electrophiles prove the ambident reactivity (O/P) of 1 experimentally.
Reversible binding of dinitrogen on a thiolate-bridged cobalt–ruthenium complex supported by a flexible bidentate phosphine ligand
Authors: Dong Wenjing , Yang Dawei , Mei Tao , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping
Published: June 2022

Reversible N2 coordination was achieved on a thiolate-bridged cobalt–ruthenium scaffold supported by a flexible bidentate phosphine ligand.
Pd doped carbon nitride (Pd-g-C3N4): an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogenation via an Al–H2O system and an electrocatalyst towards overall water splitting
Authors: Sharma Priti , Mukherjee Debdyuti , Sarkar Sujoy , Mandler Daniel , Varma Rajender S. , Gawande Manoj B. , Zbořil Radek , Sasson Yoel
Published: June 2022

A straightforward and mild protocol for photochemical in situ selective hydrogenation is described via an Al–H2O system as a hydrogen donor and deploying a Pd-g-C3N4 photocatalyst under visible light and ambient conditions.
N-Doped holey graphene assembled on fibrous aluminum silicate for efficient carbocatalysis in fixed-bed systems
Authors: Hu Hanyu , Du Shuaihu , Xi Jiangbo
Published: June 2022

A fixed-bed based catalytic system is ideal for a green organic synthesis process, benefitting from the advantages of easy product purification, simple operation, and convenient catalyst recycling.
Thiamine analogues as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase and discovery of a thiamine analogue with non-thiamine related antiplasmodial activity
Authors: Chan Alex H. Y. , Fathoni Imam , Ho Terence C. S. , Saliba Kevin J. , Leeper Finian J.
Published: June 2022

A series of derivatives of a triazole analogue of thiamine has been synthesised.
Novel, degradable, and cytoactive bone cements based on magnesium polyphosphate and calcium citrate
Authors: Ouyang Yalan , Zhang Rongguang , Chen Hong , Chen Lichao , Xi Wenjing , Li Xiaodan , Zhang Qiyi , Yan Yonggang
Published: June 2022

Ideal bone-filling materials should be degradable and efficient for fast bone remodeling.
Pyrone and isocoumarin derivatives from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Zhang Yanjiang , Chen Yuchan , Liu Zhaoming , Tan Haibo , Zhang Weimin
Published: June 2022

Cytospone A, a pyrone and isocoumarin hetero-dimer possessing an unprecedented skeleton with a polyoxygen-hetero 6/6/6/6 fused tetracyclic ring system, and three other biosynthetic precursors cytospones B–D were purified from Cytospora rhizophorae.
C-Methylation controls the biosynthetic programming of alternapyrone
Authors: Phakeovilay Jaiyfungkhong , Imaram Witcha , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai , Bunnak Waraporn , Lazarus Colin M. , Wattana-Amorn Pakorn
Published: June 2022

Mutations of the C-methyltransferase (C-MeT) domain of alternapyrone polyketide synthase (AltPKS) resulted in no production of any non-methylated polyketides indicating the importance of C-methylation for biosynthetic programming of alternapyrone.
Antimicrobial ‘inks’ for 3D printing: block copolymer-silver nanoparticle composites synthesised using supercritical CO2
Authors: Larder Ryan R. , Krumins Eduards , Jacob Philippa L. , Kortsen Kristoffer , Cavanagh Robert , Jiang Long , Vuotto Claudia , Francolini Iolanda , Tuck Christopher , Taresco Vincenzo , Howdle Steven M.
Published: June 2022

A new synthetic methodology to produce polymer-AgNP composite microparticles using scCO2 is presented. These microparticle possessed long-lived antimicrobial activity and were tested for compatibility in the Laser Sintering 3D printing process.
Low temperature magnetic behavior and thermal expansion anomaly of cubic CeTiO3
Authors: Li Jiandi , Gong Aijun , Qiu Lina , Yang Xin , Zhang Zongren , Feng Weixiong , Bai Yuzhen , Wang Yiwen , Fan Rongrong
Published: June 2022

An unusual thermal expansion anomaly with magnetic ordering in cubic CeTiO3 was found. A magnetic ordering–disordering transition at 300 K and a change of the magnetic component near 32 K were noted. A magnetovolume effect was found below the magnetic ordering temperature.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics to identify the origin of Chinese medicinal materials
Authors: Fang Huan , Chen Yue , Wu Hai-Long , Chen Yao , Wang Tong , Yang Jian , Fu Hai-Yan , Yang Xiao-Long , Li Xu-Fu , Yu Ru-Qin
Published: June 2022

The flow chart for geographical origin traceability of AMK based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics.
Preparation and performance of chlorfenapyr microcapsules with a degradable polylactide-based polyurethane wall material
Authors: Zhu Linfang , Jiang Guangqi , Cen Jun , Li Linhuai
Published: June 2022

Preparation of chlorfenapyr microcapsules with a degradable polylactide-based polyurethane wall material is described in this paper, the microcapsules improve the utilization rate of chlorfenapyr and are safe for humans and the environment.
Electronic structure of strongly correlated systems: recent developments in multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory and multiconfiguration nonclassical-energy functional theory
Authors: Zhou Chen , Hermes Matthew R. , Wu Dihua , Bao Jie J. , Pandharkar Riddhish , King Daniel S. , Zhang Dayou , Scott Thais R. , Lykhin Aleksandr O. , Gagliardi Laura , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: June 2022

This feature article overviews recent work on active spaces, matrix product reference states, treatment of quasidegeneracy, hybrid theory, density-coherence functionals, machine-learned functionals, spin–orbit coupling, gradients, and dipole moments.
Cu-catalyzed carboboration of acetylene with Michael acceptors
Authors: Cheng Tairan , Liu Boxiang , Wu Rui , Zhu Shifa
Published: June 2022

A copper-catalyzed three-component carboboration of acetylene with B2Pin2 and Michael acceptors was achieved. The small acetylene molecule enabled faster rate of borylcupration and easier C–C bond formation compared with substituted alkynes.
Layering and packing in confined colloidal suspensions
Authors: Villada-Balbuena Alejandro , Jung Gerhard , Zuccolotto-Bernez Angel B. , Franosch Thomas , Egelhaaf Stefan U.
Published: June 2022

Confinement modifies the properties of a fluid. We investigated the inhomogeneous density profiles and the anisotropic packing of colloidal fluids confined between parallel rough walls using experiments, computer simulations and theory.
Dynamics of a colloid-in-tube host–guest system
Authors: Huang Danmin , Huang Yangkun , Zheng Shuqin , Tu Mei , Jiang Lingxiang
Published: June 2022

The authors approach the dynamics of hosts and guests by direct imaging and tracking in a colloid-in-tube system.
Advances in pseudocapacitive and battery-like electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Sahoo Sumanta , Kumar Rajesh , Joanni Ednan , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Shim Jae-Jin
Published: June 2022

Systematic survey on the fabrication and electrochemical performance of the most promising classes of pseudocapacitive/battery-type electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Investigation of heparin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Zhang Meili , Chan Chris H.H. , Pauls Jo P. , Semenzin Clayton , Ainola Carmen , Peng Hui , Fu Changkui , Whittaker Andrew K. , Heinsar Silver , Fraser John F.
Published: June 2022

Heparin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) by combining the anti-fouling capability of a PEG hydrogel and anticoagulant effect of heparin.
Metal-phenolic networks as tuneable spore coat mimetics
Authors: Wasuwanich Pris , Fan Gang , Burke Benjamin , Furst Ariel L.
Published: June 2022

Bacillus subtilis are probiotic microbes that are difficult to formulate when they are not in their spore form. Using self-assembling coatings, these cells were successfully protected during the freeze-drying process.
n-Type conjugated polymers comprising bithiophene imide and multifluorinated thiophene moieties synthesized by direct arylation polycondensation
Authors: Cai Houji , Zhang Xuwen , Shi Yibo , Xu Chenhui , Wang Tianzuo , Wang Cheng , Du Tian , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: June 2022

n-Type conjugated polymers were synthesized by environmentally benign direct arylation polycondensation. With these polymers, OTFTs with μe of up to 0.72 cm2 V−1 s−1 were fabricated.
Interlayer cation engineering to regulate the photoelectric properties of lead bromide Dion–Jacobson hybrid perovskites
Authors: Fu Dongying , Wu Shichao , Cao Wei , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: June 2022

The photodetection ability of Dion–Jacobson hybrid perovskites is regulated by interlayer cation engineering.
Comparing the folding landscapes of evolutionarily divergent procaspase-3
Authors: Yao Liqi , Clark A. Clay
Published: June 2022

All caspases evolved from a common ancestor and subsequently developed into two general classes, inflammatory or apoptotic caspases. The caspase-hemoglobinase fold has been conserved throughout nearly one billion years of evolution and is utilized for both the monomeric and dimeric subfamilies of apoptotic caspases, called initiator and effector caspases, respectively. We compared the folding and assembly of procaspase-3b from zebrafish to that of human effector procaspases in order to examine the conservation of the folding landscape. Urea-induced equilibrium folding/unfolding of procaspase-3b showed a minimum three-state folding pathway, where the native dimer isomerizes to a partially folded dimeric intermediate, which then unfolds. A partially folded monomeric intermediate observed in the folding landscape of human procaspase-3 is not well-populated in zebrafish procaspase-3b. By comparing effector caspases from different species, we show that the effector procaspase dimer undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change, and that the conformational species in the folding landscape exhibit similar free energies. Together, the data show that the landscape for the caspase-hemoglobinase fold is conserved, yet it provides flexibility for species-specific stabilization or destabilization of folding intermediates resulting in changes in stability. The common pH-dependent conformational change in the native dimer, which yields an enzymatically inactive species, may provide an additional, albeit reversible, mechanism for controlling caspase activity in the cell.
An improved bearing fault detection strategy based on artificial bee colony algorithm
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Yue Wenxuan , Wen Shengjun , Xu Xiaobin , Haasis Hans‐Dietrich , Su Menghao , liu Ping , Zhang Shanshan , Du Panpan
Published: June 2022

The operating state of bearing affects the performance of rotating machinery; thus, how to accurately extract features from the original vibration signals and recognise the faulty parts as early as possible is very critical. In this study, the one‐dimensional ternary model which has been proved to be an effective statistical method in feature selection is introduced and shapelet transformation is proposed to calculate the parameter of one‐dimensional ternary model that is usually selected by trial and error. Then XGBoost is used to recognise the faults from the obtained features, and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is introduced to optimise the parameters of XGBoost. Moreover, for improving the performance of intelligent algorithm, an improved strategy where the evolution is guided by the probability that the optimal solution appears in certain solution space is proposed. The experimental results based on the failure vibration signal samples show that the average accuracy of fault signal recognition can reach 97%, which is much higher than the ones corresponding to traditional extraction strategies. And with the help of improved ABC algorithm, the performance of XGBoost classifier could be optimised; the accuracy could be improved from 97.02% to 98.60% compared with the traditional classification strategy.
Cross‐domain sequence labelling using language modelling and parameter generating
Authors: Zhou Bo , Chen Jianying , Cai Qianhua , Xue Yun , Yang Chi , He Jing
Published: June 2022

Sequence labelling (SL) tasks are currently widely studied in the field of natural language processing. Most sequence labelling methods are developed on a large amount of labelled training data via supervised learning, which is time‐consuming and expensive. As an alternative, domain adaptation is proposed to train a deep‐learning model for sequence labelling in a target domain by exploiting existing labelled training data in related source domains. To this end, the authors propose a Bi‐LSTM model to extract more‐related knowledge from multi‐source domains and learn specific context from the target domain. Further, the language modelling training is also applied to cross‐domain adaptability facilitating. The proposed model is extensively evaluated with the named entity recognition and part‐of‐speech tagging tasks. The empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the cross‐domain adaption. Our model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods used in both cross‐domain tasks and crowd annotation tasks.
Unexplored outflows in nearby low luminosity AGNs
Authors: Cazzoli S. , Hermosa Muñoz L. , Márquez I. , Masegosa J. , Castillo-Morales Á. , Gil de Paz A. , Hernández-García L. , La Franca F. , Ramos Almeida C.
Published: June 2022

Context.Multi-phase outflows play a central role in galaxy evolution shaping the properties of galaxies. Understanding outflows and their effects in low luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs), such as low ionisation nuclear emission line regions (LINERs), is essential. LINERs bridge the gap between normal and active galaxies, being the most numerous AGN population in the local Universe.

Aims.Our goal is to analyse the kinematics and ionisation mechanisms of the multi-phase gas of NGC 1052, the prototypical LINER, in order to detect and map the ionised and neutral phases of the putative outflow.

Methods.We obtained Very Large Telescope MUSE and Gran Telescopio Canarias MEGARA optical integral field spectroscopy data for NGC 1052. In addition to stellar kinematics maps, by modelling spectral lines with multiple Gaussian components, we obtained flux, kinematic, and excitation maps of both ionised and neutral gas.

Results.The stars are distributed in a dynamically hot disc (V/σ∼ 1.2), with a centrally peaked velocity dispersion map (σc= 201 ± 10 km s−1) and large observed velocity amplitudes (ΔV= 167 ± 19 km s−1). The ionised gas, probed by the primary component is detected up to ∼30″ (∼3.3 kpc) mostly in the polar direction with blue and red velocities (∣V∣ < 250 km s−1). The velocity dispersion map shows a notable enhancement (σ> 90 km s−1) crossing the galaxy along the major axis of rotation in the central 10″. The secondary component has a bipolar morphology, velocity dispersion larger than 150 km s−1, and velocities up to 660 km s−1. A third component is detected with MUSE (and barely with MEGARA), but it is not spatially resolved. The broad-line region (BLR) component (used to model the broad Hαemission only) has a full width at half maximum of 2427 ± 332 and 2350 ± 470 km s−1for MUSE and MEGARA data, respectively. The maps of the NaD absorption indicate optically thick neutral gas with complex kinematics. The velocity field is consistent with a slow rotating disc (ΔV= 77 ± 12 km s−1), but the velocity dispersion map is off-centred without any counterpart in the (centrally peaked) flux map.

Conclusions.We found evidence of an ionised gas outflow (secondary component) with a mass of 1.6 ± 0.6 × 105 M⊙, and mass rate of 0.4 ± 0.2M⊙yr−1. The outflow is propagating in a cocoon of gas with enhanced turbulence and might be triggering the onset of kiloparsec-scale buoyant bubbles (polar emission), both probed by the primary component. Taking into account the energy and kinetic power of the outflow (1.3 ± 0.9 × 1053erg and 8.8 ± 3.5 × 1040erg s−1, respectively) as well as its alignment with both the jet and the cocoon, and that the gas is collisionally ionised (due to gas compression), we consider that the most likely power source of the outflow is the jet, although some contribution from the AGN is possible. The hints of the presence of a neutral gas outflow are weak.
Asteroseismology of evolved stars to constrain the internal transport of angular momentum
Authors: Moyano F. D. , Eggenberger P. , Meynet G. , Gehan C. , Mosser B. , Buldgen G. , Salmon S. J. A. J.
Published: June 2022

Context.Asteroseismology provides constraints on the core rotation rate for hundreds of low- and intermediate-mass stars in evolved phases. Current physical processes tested in stellar evolution models cannot reproduce the evolution of these core rotation rates.

Aims.We investigate the efficiency of the internal angular momentum redistribution in red giants during the hydrogen-shell and core-helium burning phases based on the asteroseismic determinations of their core rotation rates.

Methods.We computed stellar evolution models with rotation and model the transport of angular momentum by the action of a sole dominant diffusive process parameterised by an additional viscosity in the equation of angular momentum transport. We constrained the values of this viscosity to match the mean core rotation rates of red giants and their behaviour with mass and evolution using asteroseismic indicators along the red giant branch and in the red clump.

Results.For red giants in the hydrogen-shell burning phase, the transport of angular momentum must be more efficient in more massive stars. The additional viscosity is found to vary by approximately two orders of magnitude in the mass rangeM ∼ 1–2.5M⊙. As stars evolve along the red giant branch, the efficiency of the internal transport of angular momentum must increase for low-mass stars (M ≲ 2 M⊙) and remain approximately constant for slightly higher masses (2.0 M⊙ ≲ M ≲ 2.5M⊙). In red clump stars, the additional viscosities must be an order of magnitude higher than in younger red giants of similar mass during the hydrogen-shell burning phase.

Conclusions.In combination with previous efforts, we obtain a clear picture of how the physical processes acting in stellar interiors should redistribute angular momentum from the end of the main sequence until the core-helium burning phase for low- and intermediate-mass stars to satisfy the asteroseismic constraints.
Comparative study on thermally evaporated and solution processed cathode modifying layers in organic solar cells
Authors: Feng Shang , Liu Zichen , Zhao Hailiang , Yang Qingqing , Zhang Jidong , Qin Dashan
Published: June 2022

Organic solar cells have been fabricated using cathode modifying layers of thermally evaporated bathophenanthroline (Bphen), ytterbium doped Bphen (Bphen:Yb), and solution processed (N,N-dimethyl-ammonium N-oxide) propyl perylene diimide (PDINO). Compared to pristine Bphen, Bphen:Yb shows higher electron mobility and thereby increases fill factor of device, demonstrating the weak n-doping of Yb in Bphen. As a result of Fermi level pinning, Bphen:Yb forms an ohmic contact with photoactive layer, underpinning efficient electron injection and extraction of device. Compared to conventional PDINO, despite lower electron mobility, Bphen:Yb enables increased optical absorption of device and smoother morphology of device, thereby improving power conversion efficiency of device. The current research points out that the integration of thermally evaporated weakly n-doped cathode modifying layer and solution processed photoactive layer is a promising method to fabricate high-efficiency and low-cost organic solar cells.
Vitamin E – von der Entdeckung zu biologischen
Funktionen
Authors: Birringer Marc
Published: June 2022

Seit der Entdeckung von Vitamin E und seiner antioxidativen Wirkung in Tieren und
im Menschen hat es sehr viele Studien darüber gegeben. Dennoch sind
trotz der Fülle an Daten noch einige Zusammenhänge
ungeklärt. Dieser Artikel soll ein geschichtlicher Abriss zu der
Entdeckung des Vitamins und den Meilensteinen zur Vitamin-E-Forschung sein.
Darüber hinaus werden Forschungslücken aufgedeckt und ein Blick
in die Zukunft der Vitamin-E-Forschung gewagt.
100 Jahre Vitamin E – eine Kurzreise von der Entdeckung 1922
bis zu heutigen Produktformen
Authors: Müller Marc-André , Schäfer Christian , Bonrath Werner
Published: June 2022

Vitamin E ist das wichtigste fettlösliche Antioxidans in biologischen
Systemen. Es verhindert radikal induzierte Kettenreaktionen von Lipidoxidationen
und ist dadurch essenziell für die Funktion und den Erhalt von
Membranen. Der Begriff Vitamin E umfasst historisch eine Substanzklasse, die
qualitativ die gleichen biologischen Eigenschaften wie α-Tocopherol
besitzt, die sogenannten Tocole und Tocotrienole. Für die Anwendung in
der Futtermittel-, Pharma-, Lebensmittel- und Kosmetikbranche werden
jährlich über 75000 Tonnen α-Tocopherylacetat und
α-Tocopherol verarbeitet.
Sicherheit von Vitamin E – oft hinterfragt und falsch
kommuniziert
Authors: Péter Szabolcs
Published: June 2022

Widersprüchliche Ergebnisse von Metaanalysen haben zu einer
Verunsicherung hinsichtlich der Sicherheit von Vitamin-E-Supplementationen
geführt. Ein genauer Blick auf die Studien zeigt, dass oft
unterschiedliche Einschlusskriterien und verschiedene Methoden für die
statistischen Analysen zugrunde lagen und daher die heterogene Datengrundlage
keine eindeutige Evidenzbewertung zulässt. Bei Einnahmemengen von
1000 mg/Tag gilt Vitamin E als sicher.
Wechselwirkungen von Vitamin E mit Arzneistoffen
Authors: Frank Jan , Podszun Maren C.
Published: June 2022

Über ein Viertel der Bevölkerung in Deutschland nimmt
regelmäßig Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ein, von denen
wiederum 11% Vitamin E enthalten [1]. Diese Supplemente können
bis zu 1000 I.E. pro Dosis enthalten, was ca. 60-mal höher ist als die
empfohlenen 16–22 I.E. pro Tag [2]. Da gerade ältere Menschen
häufig Medikamente einnehmen müssen, sind mögliche
Wechselwirkungen von Vitamin E mit Arzneistoffen von zunehmender Bedeutung.
Head Injury Assessment in the Elite Level Rugby Union in Japan:
Review of 3 Seasons
Authors: Tajima Takuya , Ota Osamu , Nagayama Masataka , Takahashi Masayasu , Yamada Mutsuo , Ishiyama Nobuo , Yoshida Ichiro , Takemura Masahiro , Hara Kenji , Akama Takao , Mitsumori Norio , Higashihara Junichiro , Toyama Yukimasa , Furuya Masahiro , Chosa Etsuo , Nakamura Akihiko
Published: June 2022

Head Injury Assessment (HIA) is the screening tool for head injury during a rugby
game. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIA in
the Japan Rugby Top League (JRTL). The incidences of HIA, defined concussion
(per 1,000 player-hours) and repeated concussions were evaluated in three
seasons (2016-17, 2017–18, 2018–19; total 360 games). The HIA
incidence rates were 12.7 (95% confidence interval 9.5–15.9),
20.8 (16.8–24.9), and 25.0 (20.5–29.5) in each season. HIA-1
criteria 2, which is applied for suspected concussion cases, was performed for
46 cases in the 2016–17 season, 81 cases in the 2017–18 season,
and 88 cases in the 2018–19 season. The concussion incidence rates were
significantly greater in the 2017–18 season (9.6/1000
player-hours, 95% confidence interval 6.8–12.4) and the
2018–19 season (14.4, 11–17.8) compared to the 2016–17
season (4.8, 2.8–6.8). The number of repeated concussion cases in the
same season was 1 in the 2016–17 season and 4 in both the
2017–18 and 2018–19 seasons. This study confirmed significantly
higher HIA and concussion incidence rates over time. Although the HIA system
might have been established in the three seasons in JRTL, comprehensive
management needs to be improved to prevent repeated concussions.
Antikoagulation bei linksatrialer Katheterablation
Authors: Zink Matthias D. , Häusler Karl Georg , Schotten Ulrich , Kirchhof Paulus
Published: June 2022

Die linksatriale Katheterablation ist eine etablierte rhythmuserhaltenden Behandlung bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und anderen supraventikulären Rhythmusstörungen. Es verdichten sich Hinweise, dass eine rhythmuserhaltende Therapie zusätzlich zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Linderung von vorhofflimmerassozierten Symptomen kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wie etwa ischämische Schlaganfälle verhindern und zum Erhalt der kognitiven Funktion beitragen kann. Allerdings finden sich bei etwa einem Viertel der Patienten nach linksatrialer Vorhofflimmerablation mittels Kernspintomografie klinisch stumme akute zerebrale Ischämien und etwa 0,2–0,3 % aller abladierten Patienten erleiden periinterventionell eine zerebrale Ischämie mit manifesten neurologischen Defiziten. Eine optimale Antikoagulation zur Prävention thrombembolischer Ereignisse im Zuge einer linksatrialen Katheterablationen ist daher ein zentraler Bestandteil in einem ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzept. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Artikels soll die Datenlage und insbesondere die Ergebnisse der vom AFNET koordinierten AXAFA-AFNET-5-Studie vorgestellt werden.
Orale Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern und stark eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Breithardt Günter
Published: June 2022

Vorhofflimmern ist die häufigste Herzrhythmusstörung. Weltweit ist die Prävalenz steigend und mit Komorbiditäten wie Niereninsuffizienz verbunden. Zur Prävention von Schlaganfällen sind Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) und Nicht-VKA orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) in nierenadaptierter Dosis nur bis zu einer Nierenfunktion mit einer glomerulären Filtrationsrate bis 15 mL/min verfügbar. Unterhalb dieser Nierenfunktion sowie für Patienten mit chronischer Hämodialyse gibt es keine hinreichende Evidenz für oder wider einer OAK. Große Observationsstudien aus den USA und skandinavischen Ländern zeigen Hinweise für ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko ohne signifikante Verbesserung von Mortalität oder Schlaganfällen. Die randomisierte kontrollierte VALKYRIE-Studie zeigte eine deutliche Überlegenheit von 10 mg Rivaroxaban (NOAK) im Vergleich zu VKA zur Prävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse bei Patienten mit VHF und chronischer Dialyse. Die randomisiert-kontrollierte AXADIA-AFNET-7-Studie vergleicht 2,5 mg Apixaban (NOAK) 2-mal täglich mit VKA in VHF-Patienten mit Dialyse und wird Mitte 2022 abgeschlossen sein. Dadurch werden wichtige neue Erkenntnisse in diesem sensiblen Bereich gewonnen.
Entzündlich-rheumatische Gelenkerkrankungen und funktionelle Syndrome der oberen Thoraxapertur
Authors: Emmerich Jan
Published: June 2022

In der rheumatologischen Praxis stellen sich regelmäßig Patienten wegen Schwellungsgefühlen der Hände und Morgensteifigkeit zum Ausschluss einer rheumatoiden Arthritis vor, bei denen eine Arthritis nicht oder nicht sicher nachweisbar ist. Andere Patienten mit der Diagnose einer rheumatoiden Arthritis werden unter eigentlich suffizienter medikamentöser Entzündungshemmung nicht vollständig beschwerdefrei. In diesen Fällen werden die Symptome häufig durch eine komplexe manualmedizinische Funktionsstörung im Bereich der oberen Thorxapertur und des Schultergürtels verursacht – das Syndrom der oberen Thoraxapertur (SOT). Die Kenntnis und fachgerechte Behandlung dieses Syndroms kann dazu beitragen, Beschwerden zu lindern, Fehldiagnosen oder eine inadäquate Steigerung der immunsuppressiven Therapie zu vermeiden.
Lyme-Arthritis
Authors: Morbach Henner , Holl-Wieden Annette , Dirks Johannes , Forster Johannes , Liese Johannes
Published: June 2022

Die Lyme-Arthritis ist die häufigste Spätmanifestation einer Infektion durch Borrelia burgdorferi und manifestiert sich meist als mono- oder oligoartikuläre Arthritis. Serologisch ist sie durch positive IgG-Antikörper und in der Regel negative IgM-Antikörper gegen Borrelien gekennzeichnet. Das Ansprechen auf eine initiale antibiotische Therapie (Doxycyclin oder Amoxicillin) ist in der Regel gut mit Ansprechraten von 80–90 %. Bei etwa 10 % der Patienten entwickelt sich trotz erneuter antibiotischer Therapie eine persistierende Arthritis. Bei diesem postinfektiösen („Antibiotika-refraktären“) Verlauf stehen immunopathologische Mechanismen im Vordergrund. Eine Persistenz nicht lebender Borrelienbestandteile (Peptidoglykane) scheint hierbei die Entzündung zu unterhalten. Entzündungshemmende bzw. immunmodulatorische Therapien können den postinfektiösen Verlauf der Lyme-Arthritis verkürzen. Als weitere Therapieoption kann bei refraktären Verläufen eine arthroskopische Synovektomie erwogen werden.
Point-of-Care Assessment of Direct Oral Anticoagulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Sedghi Annahita , Heubner Lars , Klimova Anna , Tiebel Oliver , Pietsch Jörg , Mirus Martin , Barlinn Kristian , Minx Tabea , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Puetz Volker , Spieth Peter , Siepmann Timo
Published: June 2022

Background Treatment of ischemic stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) must be delivered within a narrow time window after symptom onset. This effective hyperacute treatment can be administered after ruling out active anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Whenever this is impractical, e.g., due to aphasia, plasmatic DOAC levels are measured with a consequent delay in the IVT decision-making process ranging from 30 to 60 minutes of time. This study will test the hypothesis that hyperacute point-of-care assessment of clotting time in the patient's whole blood has sufficient diagnostic accuracy to determine immediately whether stroke patients are pretreated with DOAC.

Methods and Design This will be a prospective single-center diagnostic accuracy study in 1,850 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients at a tertiary stroke center in Saxony, Germany. Presence of active anticoagulation with DOAC will be determined by point-of-care quantification of clotting time via whole blood viscoelastic testing (ClotPro) using Russell venom viper and ecarin assay compared with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as the reference standard.

Discussion Viscoelastic point-of-care assessment of clotting time in whole blood might improve swift delivery of time-sensitive hyperacute treatment with IVT in stroke patients.
Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy for the treatment of symptomatic pancreatic duct stones: a prospective multicenter cohort trial
Authors: Gerges Christian , Albers David , Schmitz Lukas , Goni Elisabetta , Cappello Annalisa , Schirra Jörg , Casper Markus , Dormann Arno J. , Hartmann Dirk , Hollenbach Marcus , Schneider Markus , Denzer Ulrike W. , Dechene Alexander , Dollhopf Markus , Mayerle Julia , Schumacher Brigitte , van Geenen Erwin-Jan M. , Neuhaus Horst , Siersema Peter D. , Ellrichmann Mark , Beyna Torsten ,   on behalf of the German Cholangioscopy Group
Published: June 2022

Background Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy (DSOP)-guided lithotripsy is a novel treatment modality for pancreatic endotherapy, with demonstrated technical success in retrospective series of between 88 % and 100 %. The aim of this prospective multicenter trial was to systematically evaluate DSOP in patients with chronic pancreatitis and symptomatic pancreatic duct stones.

Methods Patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis and three or fewer stones ≥ 5mm
in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) of the pancreatic head or body were included. The primary end point was complete stone clearance (CSC) in three or fewer treatment sessions with DSOP. Current guidelines recommend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for MPD stones > 5 mm. A performance goal was developed to show that the CSC rate of MPD stones using DSOP was above what has been previously reported for ESWL. Secondary end points were pain relief measured with the Izbicki pain score (IPS), number of interventions, and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Results 40 chronic pancreatitis patients were included. CSC was achieved in 90 % of patients (36/40) on intention-to-treat analysis, after a mean (SD) of 1.36 (0.64) interventions (53 procedures in total). The mean (SD) baseline IPS decreased from 55.3 (46.2) to 10.9 (18.3). Overall pain relief was achieved in 82.4 % (28/34) after 6 months of follow-up, with complete pain relief in 61.8 % (21/34) and partial pain relief in 20.6 % (7/34). SAEs occurred in 12.5 % of patients (5/40), with all treated conservatively.

Conclusion DSOP-guided endotherapy is effective and safe for the treatment of symptomatic MPD stones in highly selected patients with chronic pancreatitis. It significantly reduces pain and could be considered as an alternative to standard ERCP techniques for MPD stone treatment in these patients.