bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of collaborative decision‐making in discharge planning: Perspectives from patients, family members and health professionals
Authors: Gledhill Kate , Bucknall Tracey K. , Lannin Natasha A. , Hanna Lisa
Published: July 2023

Aim

To explore discharge planning with a range of key stakeholders in subacute care, including consumers.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Patients (n = 16), families (n = 16), clinicians (n = 17) and managers (n = 12) participated in semi‐structured interviews or focus groups. Following transcription, data were analysed thematically.

Results

The overarching facilitator of effective discharge planning was collaborative communication, leading to shared expectations by all stakeholders. Collaborative communication was underpinned by four key themes: patient‐ and family‐centred decision‐making, early goal setting, strong inter‐ and intra‐disciplinary teamwork, and robust patient/family education.

Conclusion

Effective planning for discharge from subacute care is enabled by shared expectations and collaborative communication between key stakeholders.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Effective discharge planning processes are underpinned by effective inter‐ and intra‐disciplinary teamwork. Healthcare networks should foster environments that promote effective communication between and within multidisciplinary team members as well as with patients and their families. Applying these principles to discharge planning may assist in reducing length of stays and rates of preventable readmissions post‐discharge.

Impact

This study addressed a lack of knowledge about effective discharge planning in Australian subacute care. It found that collaborative communication between stakeholders was an overarching facilitator of effective discharge planning. This finding impacts subacute service design and professional education.

Reporting method

COREQ guidelines were followed in reporting this study.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution in the design, data analysis or preparation of the manuscript.
Efficacy of Adding Acetaminophen to Preemptive Multimodal Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double‐blinded Randomized Study
Authors: Wang Qiuru , Ma Ting , Wang Liying , Zhao Chengcheng , Kang Pengde
Published: July 2023

Objective

Preemptive multimodal analgesia is a frequently utilized method for controlling pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). So far, no studies have specifically examined the efficacy of adding acetaminophen to preemptive multimodal analgesia in TKA. The current work aimed to assess the efficacy of adding acetaminophen to preemptive multimodal analgesia for clinical pain management after TKA.

Methods

This was a double‐blinded randomized study including 80 cases randomized to the acetaminophen and control groups, respectively. The acetaminophen group was administered celecoxib at 400 mg, pregabalin at 150 mg, and acetaminophen at 300 mg 2 h before TKA. Control patients were administered celecoxib, pregabalin, and placebo. The primary outcome was postsurgical use of morphine hydrochloride for rescue analgesia. Secondary outcomes included the time to the initial rescue analgesia, postsurgical pain as determined by a visual analogue scale (VAS), functional recovery as reflected by the range of knee motion and ambulation distance, hospitalization duration, and complication rates. Continuous data with normal and skewed distributions were compared by the Student's t test and the Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. Categorical variables were compared by the Pearson's chi‐squared test.

Results

The control and acetaminophen groups were comparable in postoperative 0–24 h morphine consumption (11.3 ± 6.5 mg vs 12.3 ± 7.7 mg, P = 0.445) and total morphine consumption (17.3 ± 10.1 mg vs 19.3 ± 9.4 mg, P = 0.242). Additionally, time to the initial rescue analgesia, postoperative VAS score at any time point, postoperative functional recovery of the knee, and hospitalization duration were similar in both groups. Both groups also had similar occurrence rates of postoperative complications.

Conclusions

In this study, adding acetaminophen to preoperative preemptive multimodal analgesia did not decrease postoperative morphine use or ameliorate pain relief. The efficacy of adding acetaminophen to preemptive multimodal analgesia in TKA need to be further explored in future studies.
Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Chemotherapy of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Yu Tianci , Cai Zongyan , Chang Xingyu , Xing Chengwei , White Sylvia , Guo Xiaoxue , Jin Jiaxin
Published: July 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone tumor that occurs mostly in children and adolescents. At present, surgery after chemotherapy or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is the main treatment plan. However, the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is limited by the occurrence of chemotherapeutic resistance, toxicity to normal cells, poor pharmacokinetic performance, and drug delivery failure. The delivery of chemotherapy drugs to the bone to treat OS may fail for a variety of reasons, such as a lack of selectivity for OS cells, initial sudden release, short‐term release, and the presence of biological barriers (such as the blood‐bone marrow barrier). Nanomaterials are new materials with at least one dimension on the nanometer scale (1–100 nm) in three‐dimensional space. These materials have the ability to penetrate biological barriers and can accumulate preferentially in tumor cells. Studies have shown that the effective combination of nanomaterials and traditional chemotherapy can significantly improve the therapeutic effect. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the use of nanomaterials in OS chemotherapy.
Effect of central venous pressure on fluid delivery during start‐up of syringe infusion pumps for microinfusion
Authors: Weiss Markus , Wendel‐Garcia Pedro David , Cannizzaro Vincenzo , Buehler Philipp K. , Kleine‐Brueggeney Maren
Published: July 2023

Background

Intravenous administration of highly concentrated and potent drugs at low flow rates is common practice, particularly in critically ill children. Drug delivery during infusion start‐up can be considerably delayed by intrinsic factors of syringe infusion pump assemblies. The impact of central venous pressures on the course of start‐up fluid delivery of such microinfusions remains unknown.

Methods

Infusion volumes delivered after activation of the start button in a conventional 50 mL syringe infusion pump assembly equilibrated (representing classical in vitro testing) and not equilibrated (representing real clinical conditions) to central venous pressure levels of 0, 10 and 20 mmHg at a set infusion flow rate of 1 mL/h were measured using a fluidic flow sensor.

Results

The experimental setup mimicking real life conditions demonstrated considerable differences in fluid delivery during pump start‐up depending on central venous pressure. A central venous pressure of 0 mmHg resulted in massive fluid delivery at infusion start‐up, while central venous pressure levels of 10 and 20 mmHg resulted in retrograde flows with related mean (95% CI) zero‐drug delivery times of 3.22 (2.98–3.46) min and 4.51 (4.33–4.69) min, respectively (p < .0001).

Conclusion

Depending on central venous pressure level, connection and starting a new syringe pump can result in significant antegrade or retrograde fluid volumes. In clinical practice, this can lead to hemodynamic instability and hence requires clinical alertness. Further research and methods to improve start‐up performance in syringe infusion pump systems are desirable.
Structure, function and immune evasion strategies of aquareoviruses, with focus on grass carp reovirus
Authors: Li Peng Wei , Zhang Jie , Chang Ming Xian
Published: July 2023

Aquareoviruses (AqRVs) can infect various wild or cultured bony fishes with serious muscle and viscera haemorrhage syndrome and have caused severe economic losses worldwide. Accumulating evidences have revealed the functions of viral proteins of AqRVs in RNA transcription, virion assembly, cell attachment and/or viral replication. In addition, structural information and transcription mechanism of AqRVs have been in‐depth studied through cryo‐electron microscopy combined with three‐dimensional image reconstruction. Although far from enough, structural and functional studies of AqRVs provide substantial insights into how viral proteins coordinate the replication of AqRVs and escape the host immune response. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most pathogenic AqRV isolated from aquatic animals. The completion of GCRV lifecycle requires the participation of host proteins. So far, many host factors involved in the entry and replication of GCRV have been identified. Based on the function of viral proteins and the viral lifecycle, many vaccines and antiviral agents have been developed to prevent the replication and infection of GCRV. This review summarises the structural characteristics and the composition of core proteins of AqRVs, as well as synergistic mechanisms of structural proteins on genome transcription and virus entry of AqRVs. In addition, the review highlights our current knowledge for the infection and replication, functions of non‐structural proteins, immune escape mechanisms, as well as the vaccines and antiviral agents of AqRVs, especially for GCRV. A better understanding of structure, function and immune evasion strategies of AqRVs will offer new targets for prevention and control of AqRVs in aquaculture.
Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Respiratory Effects among Mosquito Control Workers in Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan
Authors: Hamzah Nurul Ainun , Zahari Nur’ Adilah , Yhaya Mohd Firdaus , Anua Siti Marwanis , Abdul Samad Nurul Izzah , Mamat Mohd Noor , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nasrom , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nazhari
Published: July 2023

Pesticides have been widely used in public health to control mosquito breeding, causing occupational exposures. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between pesticide exposure and respiratory health among 43 mosquito control workers in two vector control units in Kelantan by using purposive sampling. Pesticide risk assessment was based on the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA). A British Medical Research Questionnaire (BMRC) was used to assess respiratory symptoms and lung function was measured using a spirometer. The cumulative pesticide exposure of the individuals was calculated by taking the average number of fogging sessions per month. The risk level for all pesticides was moderate, except for Actellic 50EC. The most common respiratory symptoms were dyspnea (25.6%), cough (18.6%), phlegm (18.6%), and chest tightness (14.0%). Lung function was normal in 30%, restrictive in 45%, and obstructive in 25%. None of the reported respiratory symptoms and lung function values were associated with cumulative pesticide exposure (p>0.05). Past respiratory illness had a significant relationship with chest tightness (Adj OR=0.009, 95%CI: < 0.001 – 0.834). Age had a significant relationship with phlegm (Adj OR=1.259, 95% CI: 1.010 – 1.569). In conclusion, cumulative pesticide exposure did not relate to respiratory effects. However, mosquito control workers should be given proper training on pesticide handling and the effective usage of PPE to reduce occupational pesticide exposure.
Operational Conditions affecting Biohythane Production and its Kinetic Model: A Review
Authors: Mohd Kopli Puteri Nur Syazwani , Hassim Mimi Haryani
Published: July 2023

Recently, the global carbon footprint issue is rising significantly due to fossil fuel demand. Biohythane, which is produced from anaerobic digestion is found as an alternative fuel to address this problem. Even though quite a number of reviews have been done before on biohythane production process, an in-depth review particularly on biohythane kinetic study is not available until now. Therefore, this review paper discusses the general anaerobic digestion process of biohythane production as well as its operating factors such as temperature, pH, and microbial population in improving the productivity. In addition, this paper also discusses kinetics modeling, which is commonly used in biohythane production to improve or analyse the effect, relationship, and function of the parameter, as well as to investigate the performance of biohythane during the process. These kinetic models provide a variety of functional goals depending on the experiment's objective, such as determining the kinetics of cell growth, describing the effect of different operating parameters on biohythane production, studying substrate utilisation and inhibition, and product formation. All models are classified in a table by their equation for further reference.
Qualitative Inherent Safety Assessment for Flammability Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Syaza Izyanni Ahmad  , Nur Aiesya Faris  , Saffri Sa’dan  , Mardhati Zainal Abidin  , Mimi Haryani Hassim
Published: July 2023

Due to the increasing demand for green and sustainable analytical methods, many researchers have been using various attempts to improve and design environmentally friendly chemical processes. Based on the literature, most of the researchers agreed that DESs is one of the attractive solutions to environmentally friendly chemicals due to its classification as a green solvent and safe to use due to its low flammability characteristic. Although studies on the benefits and advantageous implementation of DESs are extensive, investigation on the safety level of DESs is still lacking. This paper aims to introduce a simple qualitative inherent safety assessment method for flammability evaluation of DESs. Flash point values of the HBA and HBD component of DES are used in evaluating the flammability level of the DES. Subjective score assignment was utilized based on the flash point data as well as mixing temperature in the production of DES. In this scoring method, higher score represents higher flammability hazard. The resulted scoring method has five level of hazards representing five range of flash point values with 5 indicates the highest and most hazardous score while 1 is the lowest and the least hazardous score. Implementation on a simple case study shows that this scoring method is easy to use and can be easily improved for future usage as more safety information on DES emerge.
SIZING ALGORITHM OF SOLAR-POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATION USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Hong Jing Siang , Hussin Siti Maherah , Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norzanah Rosmin  , Mat Said Dalila , Nawabjan Amirjan , Md Rasid Madihah
Published: July 2023

Due to some issues faced in rural areas such as increasing water demand, the limited reach of electricity, as well as the scarcity of fossil fuel and its negative impact on the environment, renewable energy water pumping systems emerges as an excellent solution to solve those problems. In this case, the components in the renewable energy water pumping system ought to be optimized to improve the effectiveness of the system. This study was aimed at developing and analyzing an optimization model for the sizing of solar-powered water pumping systems for domestic applications. The sizing algorithm was developed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in MATLAB software. As a result of optimization, a summary of the main findings was provided, which include the optimal values for the number of solar panels, water tank capacity, and water pump power that minimize system costs and fulfill the water demand simultaneously. To investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm, several case studies have been evaluated by varying the total dynamic head (TDH) and water demands. In summary, TDH value primarily affects the number of PV panels and pump power, leaving the water tank capacity unchanged. However, the variations in water demand can impact all three parameters: the number of PV panels, water tank capacity, and water pump power. Overall, by applying the PSO method in the sizing algorithm of a solar-powered water pumping system, the cost could be minimized, and it would be able to cover the cost of water storage that supports the water demand of a certain application.
EFFECTIVE CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF MALUS SIEVERSII FROM SEEDS
Authors: Yerbolova L. , Baizhumanova S. , Rakhatkyzy A. , Aubakirova K. , Bakytzhanova Zh. , Kazybayeva S. , Kadirsizova Zh. , Galiakparov N.
Published: July 2023

Wild apple tree, Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. is a valuable genetic resource that requires various methods of conservation. The influence of various concentrations of hormones on the regeneration of wild apple from seeds under in vitro conditions was studied to create an optimal regeneration system.
Seeds of Malus sieversii, prior to introduction into in vitro culture, were stratified in various substrates for 1,5 months under conditions of low temperature and relatively high humidity to accelerate seed germination and increase their germination. Using various concentrations of hormones, an efficient method for the regeneration of Malus sieversii obtained from seeds in in vitro culture has been optimized. The best indicators of shoot development were on C9 nutrient medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of BAP and NAA, respectively. The introduction of 1.2 mg/l of IAA and 1 mg/l of NAA into the rooting medium resulted in a significant increase in the number of roots, the length of the root and shoot in the studied sample of M. sieversii.
Milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine and camel chymosin for cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk
Authors: Akishev Zh. , Aktayeva S. , Shamsiyeva Yu. , Tursunbekova A. , Kalemshariv B. , Tultabayeva T. , Khassenov B.
Published: July 2023

Goats and sheep were domesticated during the Neolithic Revolution. Since then, various breeds of goats and sheep have been bred, including dairy ones. In this work, we tested the milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine (Bos taurus) and camel (Camelus bactrianus) chymosins in cow, goat, and ewe milk. The milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine chymosin for cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk was 12 854 ± 0,61, 5385 ± 0,25 and 14 811 ± 0,72 U/mg. The activity of recombinant camel chymosin was higher by 29%-46% and amounted to 16 590 ± 0,82, 7850 ± 0,34 and 20 700 ± 0,85 U/mg. Proteolytic activity was 1679.97 ± 9.54 and 10 767 ± 54.56 U/mg for recombinant camel and bovine chymosins, respectively. With the recombinant camel chymosin, cheeses were obtained from cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk. The yield of cheese from cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk was 18.0%, 17.3% and 15.3%, respectively. The results indicate the prospects for the use of recombinant camel chymosin as the coagulation enzyme in the processing of cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk to cheeses.
Revisiting wave–particle duality in Bohr–Einstein debate
Authors: Maleki Yusef , Suhail Zubairy M.
Published: July 2023

The notion of wave–particle duality remains one of the most debated subjects in the history of quantum physics. The most famous debate on the subject occurred between Bohr and Einstein. In this work, we revisit the wave–particle duality in the Bohr–Einstein debate from the viewpoint of the recently established duality-entanglement relation. We show that the duality-entanglement relation can provide a valuable framework for quantitative analysis of the Einstein's gedanken double-slit experiment and clarify some of its fundamental aspects.
Assessing subclinical hearing loss in musicians and nonmusicians using
auditory brainstem responses and speech perception measures
Authors: Patro Chhayakanta , Srinivasan Nirmal Kumar
Published: July 2023

In this study, the physiological and perceptual correlates of auditory function in student musicians and nonmusicians with normal hearing thresholds were investigated. The measures involved were auditory brainstem responses as a function of stimulation rate, spatial release from masking, and word intensity rollover functions. The results indicated that as the stimulation rate was increased, the wave I amplitude reductions were more abrupt in musicians than in nonmusicians. However, no significant group differences were observed for speech tasks. There were also no significant correlations between the results of speech perception and the measures of peripheral neural function.
Proteomics of brain, CSF, and plasma identifies molecular signatures for distinguishing sporadic and genetic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sung Yun Ju , Yang Chengran , Norton Joanne , Johnson Matt , Fagan Anne , Bateman Randall J. , Perrin Richard J. , Morris John C. , Farlow Martin R. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Schofield Peter R. , Chui Helena , Wang Fengxian , Novotny Brenna , Eteleeb Abdallah , Karch Celeste , Schindler Suzanne E. , Rhinn Herve , Johnson Erik C. B. , Oh Hamilton Se-Hwee , Rutledge Jarod Evert , Dammer Eric B. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Wyss-Coray Tony , Harari Oscar , Cruchaga Carlos
Published: July 2023

Proteomic studies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are instrumental in identifying AD pathways but often focus on single tissues and sporadic AD cases. Here, we present a proteomic study analyzing 1305 proteins in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma from patients with sporadic AD,
TREM2
risk variant carriers, patients with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), and healthy individuals. We identified 8 brain, 40 CSF, and 9 plasma proteins that were altered in individuals with sporadic AD, and we replicated these findings in several external datasets. We identified a proteomic signature that differentiated
TREM2
variant carriers from both individuals with sporadic AD and healthy individuals. The proteins associated with sporadic AD were also altered in patients with ADAD, but with a greater effect size. Brain-derived proteins associated with ADAD were also replicated in additional CSF samples. Enrichment analyses highlighted several pathways, including those implicated in AD (calcineurin and Apo E), Parkinson’s disease (α-synuclein and LRRK2), and innate immune responses (SHC1, ERK-1, and SPP1). Our findings suggest that combined proteomics across brain tissue, CSF, and plasma can be used to identify markers for sporadic and genetically defined AD.
Variability in Donor Lung Culture and Relative Humidity Impact the Stability of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus on Nonporous Surfaces
Authors: Qian Zhihong , Morris Dylan H. , Avery Annika , Kormuth Karen A. , Le Sage Valerie , Myerburg Michael M. , Lloyd-Smith James O. , Marr Linsey C. , Lakdawala Seema S.
Published: July 2023

Seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics of influenza cause a large public health burden. Although influenza viruses disseminate through the environment in respiratory secretions expelled from infected individuals, they can also be transmitted by contaminated surfaces where virus-laden expulsions can be deposited.
Impact of HIV-1 Vpu-mediated downregulation of CD48 on NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Marchitto Lorie , Benlarbi Mehdi , Prévost Jérémie , Laumaea Annemarie , Descôteaux-Dinelle Jade , Medjahed Halima , Bourassa Catherine , Gendron-Lepage Gabrielle , Kirchhoff Frank , Sauter Daniel , Hahn Beatrice H. , Finzi Andrés , Richard Jonathan
Published: July 2023

HIV-1 evades antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses not only by controlling Env conformation and quantity at the cell surface but also by altering NK cell activation via the downmodulation of several ligands of activating and co-activating NK cell receptors. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, which includes NTB-A and 2B4, act as co-activating receptors to sustain NK cell activation and cytotoxic responses. These receptors cooperate with CD16 (FcγRIII) and other activating receptors to trigger NK cell effector functions. In that context, Vpu-mediated downregulation of NTB-A on HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells was shown to prevent NK cell degranulation via an homophilic interaction, thus contributing to ADCC evasion. However, less is known on the capacity of HIV-1 to evade 2B4-mediated NK cell activation and ADCC. Here, we show that HIV-1 downregulates the ligand of 2B4, CD48, from the surface of infected cells in a Vpu-dependent manner. This activity is conserved among Vpu proteins from the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage and depends on conserved residues located in its transmembrane domain and dual phosphoserine motif. We show that NTB-A and 2B4 stimulate CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and contribute to ADCC responses directed to HIV-1-infected cells to the same extent. Our results suggest that HIV-1 has evolved to downmodulate the ligands of both SLAM receptors to evade ADCC.

IMPORTANCE

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) can contribute to the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells and HIV-1 reservoirs. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms used by HIV-1 to evade ADCC might help develop novel approaches to reduce the viral reservoirs. Members of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, such as NTB-A and 2B4, play a key role in stimulating NK cell effector functions, including ADCC. Here, we show that Vpu downmodulates CD48, the ligand of 2B4, and this contributes to protect HIV-1-infected cells from ADCC. Our results highlight the importance of the virus to prevent the triggering of the SLAM receptors to evade ADCC.
Supplemental Material: Field calibration of 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar multiple diffusion domain (MDD) thermal histories at the Grayback normal fault block, Arizona
Authors: Wong Martin S. , al. et
Published: July 2023

Sample collection and processing, 40Ar/39Ar analyses, modeling procedure, Tables S1–S8, and Figures S1–S10.  
How to solve a clinical conundrum: Have you tried a trio exome analysis?
Authors: Beal Felicity , Coward Richard , Platt Caroline
Published: July 2023

The following report describes the clinical journey of a 5-month-old male infant who presented with a significant kidney injury following a diarrhoeal illness. His course was complicated by severe hypertension and a number of acute life-threatening events necessitating periods of time on the intensive care unit, where he received ventilatory support and underwent renal replacement therapy and treatment with a monoclonal antibody therapy.

We take the reader on a stepwise journey from presentation through to final diagnosis, discussing important biochemical, haematological and radiological features where learning points are discussed. Guidance on the use of genomic testing strategies for the non-geneticist is provided in some detail with a particular focus on the trio exome analysis that identified the diagnosis for this young boy.

This complex case not only provides a number of excellent learning opportunities but also highlights the importance of early involvement of the clinical genetics team and the relevance of the trio exome analysis for rapid identification of rare monogenic diseases.
Variation in the rate of detection of minute and small early gastric cancers at diagnostic endoscopy may reflect the performance of individual endoscopists
Authors: Murakami Daisuke , Yamato Masayuki , Amano Yuji , Nishino Takayoshi , Arai Makoto
Published: July 2023

Objective

The documented variation in gastric cancer (GC) detection among endoscopists has often been dismissed as a coincidental artefact of the low incidence of gastric neoplasms; it is not considered associated with differences in physicians’ performance of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure. This study is to confirm whether significant variations among endoscopists in early GC detection suggest the individual performance of the upper endoscopy.

Design

A retrospective observational study at a single centre in Japan assessed the results of 218 early GCs detected during 25 688 routine esophagogastroduodenoscopies by 12 endoscopists. The main outcome was the rate of early GC detection for each endoscopist under the same circumstances. Other measures included the major diameters and locations of the lesions,Helicobacter pyloriinfection status, and baseline patient characteristics that could affect the prevalence of GC.

Results

The early GC detection rates exhibited wide variation among endoscopists (0.09%–2.87%) despite performing routine esophagogastroduodenoscopies in a population with a similar background. Endoscopists were assigned to a low-detection group (n=6; detection rate: 0.47% (range: 0.09%–0.55%)) and a high-detection group (n=5; detection rate: 0.83% (range: 0.63%–1.12%)), with the single highest detector analysed separately due to his distinct detection rate (2.87%). Endoscopists in the high-detection group had better detection rates for minute (major diameter ≤5 mm) and small (major diameter 6–10 mm) GCs than the low-detection group (0.19%/0.23% vs 0.085%/0.098%). These differences were significant (p<0.01), although there were no significant differences in detection of larger tumours (major diameter ≥11 mm; 0.40% vs 0.28%; p=0.13). The tumour location andH. pyloristatus were similar in the low-detection group, high-detection group and for the highest detector.

Conclusion

Significant variation in the detection of hard-to-find, smaller GCs may reflect individual performance of the examination.
Wasting and its associated factors among children aged from 6 to 59 months in Debre Tabor town, Amhara region of Ethiopia, 2019: a multicentre community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Getu Bisrat Dessie , Azanaw Kefyalew Amogne , Zimamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Adal Gashaw Mekete , Tibebu Nigusie Selomon , Emiru Tigabu Desie , Atalell Kendalem Asmare
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Wasting is acute malnutrition that has harmful short-term consequences for children and is determined by an inadequate diet. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Debre Tabor town, Ethiopia.

Design

This study was a community-based cross-sectional.

Setting

The study was conducted at Debre Tabor town, Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 436 children aged 6–59 months participants were enrolled.

Outcome measures

A weight-for-height z-score, which is below −2 SD of the WHO median standard curve, was used to measure wasting. Logistic regression analyses were done to see which independent variables have an association with the dependent variable and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant at the 95% CI.

Results

The result revealed that wasting in children aged 6–59 months was 6.2%. Children in the age group of 6–11 months were 4.3 times more likely to have wasted than those in the age group of 24–59 months (adjusted OR (AOR): 4.3; 95% CI: 1.5 to 12.5). Similarly, parents who have poor wealth status in their family are 3.1 times more likely to have wasted children than those who have rich wealth status in their family (AOR: 3.1 (1.01 to 9.35)). Moreover, mothers who gave birth at the age group of 20–25 years were 4.3 times more likely to have wasted children than those who gave birth at an age group of greater than 30 years (AOR: 4.3 (4.3 (1.56 to 12.5)).

Conclusion

Wasting is still an important public health problem for children in the age group of 6–59 months. The age of the child, the wealth status of the family, and giving birth before 20 years of age were significantly associated with wasting. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia should pay further attention to the wealth status of the family; create awareness among the mothers regarding childhood undernutrition care, and design further nutritional intervention programmes.
Measurement of and training for NCD guideline implementation in LMICs: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Faro Elissa , Adeagbo Oluwafemi , Mpinganjira Mafuno Grace , Chirwa Tobias , Matanje Beatrice , Mayige Mary , Kavishe Bazil Baltazar , Mmbaga Blandina , Francis Joel M
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with an estimated 41 million deaths (74% of all global deaths) annually. Despite the WHO’s Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs since 2013, progress on implementation of the guidelines has been slow. Although research has shown success of some NCD prevention and treatment interventions, there is a dearth of research on NCD care delivery approaches, cost-effectiveness and larger implementation research, especially in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this scoping review is to identify the existing variation in how, why and by whom implementation of NCD guidelines is measured as part of implementation research or non-research programme improvement.

Methods and analysis

Using the methods established by Arksey and O’Malley, the search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian together with stakeholder feedback from content experts. We will apply the search to multiple electronic databases and grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen title and abstract for inclusion followed by a full-text screening and all included records will be abstracted using a standardised tool that will be piloted with a sample of articles before application to all records. We will conduct a narrative synthesis of abstracted data and simple quantitative descriptive statistics.

Dissemination

The results will enable stakeholders in LMICs to leverage existing tools and resources for implementation and ongoing evaluation of NCD guidelines, to improve education and capacity building, and ultimately NCD care across the lifespan.
Differences in psychological readiness for return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament injury is evident in thigh musculature motor unit characteristics
Authors: Schilaty Nathan D , McPherson April L , Nagai Takashi , Bates Nathaniel A
Published: July 2023

Background

Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, many athletes that undergo surgery and 6–9 months of rehabilitation struggle to return to sport. Evidence suggests that psychological factors contribute to this failure to return-to-sport.

Objective

Determine the motor control relationship between thigh musculature motor unit characteristics and psychological readiness to return to sport between ACL-injured and healthy controls.

Study design

A longitudinal cohort study.

Methods

Athletes longitudinally completed the ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) survey and isometric strength measures with a measurement of electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. A score cut-off of 61 on the ACL-RSI was used to divide ACL-injured groups. EMG was decomposed to provide each identified motor unit’s characteristics (amplitude, average firing rate, etc).

Results

Data demonstrated increased average firing rate for hamstrings (p<0.001), decreased average firing rate for vastus lateralis (p<0.001) and decreased motor unit size for both the quadriceps and hamstrings at return-to-sport post-ACL reconstruction compared with sex-matched and age-matched healthy controls (p<0.001). Furthermore, there were marked differences in disparate ACL-RSI scores between ACL-injured athletes.

Conclusions

At return to sport, ACL-injured athletes have major alterations of thigh musculature motor control, with smaller motor units used by those with low ACL-RSI scores. This study uniquely demonstrates objective thigh muscle motor unit characteristics that coincide with subjective reports of psychological readiness. This information will be important to address psychomotor complexes of injury for future rehabilitation protocols.
Do fatty lesions explain the effect of inflammation on new syndesmophytes in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis? Results from the SIAS cohort and ASSERT trial
Authors: Stal Rosalinde , Ramiro Sofia , van der Heijde Desirée , van Gaalen Floris A , Baraliakos Xenofon , Machado Pedro M , de Hooge Manouk , van den Berg Rosaline , Reijnierse Monique , Braun Juergen , Landewé Robert , Sepriano Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To determine how much of the effect of vertebral corner inflammation on development of syndesmophytes is explained by vertebral corner fat deposition.

Methods

Patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) from the SIAS (Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis) cohort and ASSERT (Ankylosing Spondylitis Study for the Evaluation of Recombinant Infliximab Therapy) trial were assessed at T0, T1 (SIAS: 1 year; ASSERT: 24 weeks) and T2 (2 years). Syndesmophytes assessed in each vertebral corner by whole spine low-dose CT (SIAS) or spinal radiographs (ASSERT) at T0 and T2 were considered present if seen by two of two readers. Inflammation (T0) and fat deposition (T0 and T1) on MRI were present if seen by ≥2 of 3 readers (SIAS) or 2 of 2 readers (ASSERT). Vertebral corners showing fat deposition or a syndesmophyte at baseline were ignored. Mediation analysis was applied to determine what proportion of the total effect of inflammation on syndesmophyte formation could be explained via the path of intermediate fat deposition.

Results

Forty-nine SIAS patients (with 2667 vertebral corners) and 168 ASSERT patients (with 2918 vertebral corners) were analysed. The presence of inflammation at T0 increased the probability of a new syndesmophyte in the same vertebral corner at T2 by 9.3%. Of this total effect, 0.2% (2% (0.2 of 9.3) of the total effect) went via intermediate new fat deposition. In ASSERT, the total effect was 7.3%, of which 0.8% (10% of the total effect) went via new fat deposition.

Conclusion

In r-axSpA, vertebral corner inflammation may lead to syndesmophyte formation but in a minority of cases via visible fat deposition.
Inelastic N$$_2$$+H$$_2$$ collisions and quantum-classical rate coefficients: large datasets and machine learning predictions
Authors: Hong Qizhen , Storchi Loriano , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pirani Fernando , Sun Quanhua , Coletti Cecilia
Published: July 2023

Rate coefficients for vibrational energy transfer are calculated for collisions between molecular nitrogen and hydrogen in a wide range of temperature and of initial vibrational states ($$v\le 40$$

v
≤
40

for N$$_2$$

2

and $$w\le 10$$

w
≤
10

for H$$_2$$

2

). These data are needed for the modelling of discharges in N$$_2$$

2

/H$$_2$$

2

plasma or of atmospheric and interstellar medium chemistry in different temperature ranges. The calculations were performed by a mixed quantum-classical method, to recover quantum effects associated with the vibrational motion, on a refined potential energy surface. The obtained rates present striking discrepancies with those evaluated by first-order perturbation theories, like the SSH (Schwartz, Slavsky, Herzfeld) theory, which are often adopted in kinetic modelling. In addition, we present a detailed, though preliminary, analysis on the performance of different Machine Learning models based on the Gaussian Process or Neural Network techniques to produce complete datasets of inelastic scattering rate coefficients. Eventually, by using the selected models, we give the complete dataset (i.e., covering the whole vibrational ladder) of rate coefficients for the $$\textrm{N}_2(v)+\textrm{H}_2(0) \longrightarrow \textrm{N}_2(v-\Delta v)+\textrm{H}_2(0)$$

N
2

(
v
)

+

H
2

(
0
)

⟶

N
2

(
v
-
Δ
v
)

+

H
2

(
0
)

, $$\Delta v=1,2,3$$

Δ
v
=
1
,
2
,
3

processes.

Graphical abstract
An Intelligent Traffic Analysis and Prediction System Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Sasikala S. , Neelaveni R. , Jose P. Sweety
Published: July 2023

Accurate identification of vehicles and estimating density in traffic surveillance systems is a challenging task, particularly in scenarios with closely spaced lanes. Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) is introduced in vehicle detection and classification due to its speed and accuracy. It utilizes a transfer learning technique that enables them to utilize features from pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Although the utilization of multi-scale feature maps in SSD has achieved efficient results in vehicle detection, it struggles to identify key features of vehicles due to its one-stage detection approach. Furthermore, the use of VGG16 as the backbone network in these approaches leads to the loss of fine-grained details, posing challenges in accurately localizing and classifying small vehicles. Also, there is no interaction between high- and low-level features, which restricts the networks ability to effectively integrate and utilize both features for accurate vehicle detection. To overcome these limitations, an improved SSD approach is introduced in this paper, leveraging interactive multi-scale attention characteristics to accurately detect and classify vehicles. This approach utilizes ResNet50 as the network backbone to overcome the limitations of traditional SSDs in detecting small vehicles. Also, an attention block is incorporated into it to focus on key details and assign higher attention to relevant pixels within the feature map. Also, the network employs a parallel detection framework and shares multi-scale layers (both high and low), enabling efficient detection of vehicles with various sizes. Then, traffic density is estimated based on the weights assigned to the categorized vehicles obtained from the improved SSD and the recorded area. Finally, traffic is classified as high, low, or moderate by comparing the estimated density to a threshold value. By adding attention characteristics of different scales to the original detection branch and replacing the VGG16 with ResNet50 of the SSD technique using our method, the feature representation capability and detection accuracy are both significantly improved.
Dependent Misconfigurations in 5G/4.5G Radio Resource Control
Authors: Zhang Zhehui , Liu Yanbing , Li Qianru , Liu Zizheng , Peng Chunyi , Lu Songwu
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study an important, yet unexplored problem of configuration dependencies in 5G/4.5G radio resource control (RRC). Different from the previous studies in 3G/4G networks, 5G/4.5G allows more than one cells to serve a mobile device, resulting in more configuration dynamics and complexity that vary with all the serving cells. We analyze inter-dependency among configurations, categorize dependent misconfigurations, uncover their root causes, and quantify negative performance impacts. Specifically, we formulate configuration updates into a delta state machine (DSM) and unveil two types of dependent misconfigurations among states (inter-state) and within a state (intra-state); They stem from structural dependency and cross-parameter dependency. We further show that such misconfigurations incur service disruption and performance degradation. Our findings have been largely validated with three US operators and one Chinese operator; Our study has uncovered 644 instances of problematic dependencies.
Flock: Accurate Network Fault Localization at Scale
Authors: Harsh Vipul , Meng Tong , Agrawal Kapil , Godfrey Philip Brighten
Published: July 2023

Inferring the root cause of failures among thousands of components in a data center network is challenging, especially for "gray" failures that are not reported directly by switches. Faults can be localized through end-to-end measurements, but past localization schemes are either too slow for large-scale networks or sacrifice accuracy. We describe Flock, a network fault localization algorithm and system that achieves both high accuracy and speed at datacenter scale. Flock uses a probabilistic graphical model (PGM) to achieve high accuracy, coupled with new techniques to dramatically accelerate inference in discrete-valued Bayesian PGMs. Large-scale simulations and experiments in a hardware testbed show Flock speeds up inference by >10000x compared to past PGM methods, and improves accuracy over the best previous datacenter fault localization approaches, reducing inference error by 1.19-11x on the same input telemetry, and by 1.2-55x after incorporating passive telemetry. We also prove Flock's inference is optimal in restricted settings.
CIKM 2022 Conference Report
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Al , Xiong Li
Published: July 2023

The 31
st
ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2022) was held in a hybrid format from the 17
th
to the 21
st
of October 2022. The physical venue of the conference was Westin Peachtree Plaza hotel in Atlanta Downtown. All the CIKM 2022 events besides the poster sessions were live streamed over Underline, an Internet-based virtual platform, which enabled attendees to attend the conference remotely---with two-way live communication, and real-time interactions, the virtual attendees enjoyed the full conference experience, making it the very first true hybrid (Physical and Virtual) edition of CIKM conference. CIKM traditionally holds once a year at different locations all over the world. It remains the only conference that focuses on the management of both structured and unstructured data accepting research papers covering database, information retrieval, and knowledge management sub-disciplines of Computer Science. Since it was first held in the United States in 1992, 30 previous editions of CIKM had been hosted in 11 countries.
Interview with Sam Brooker
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: July 2023

Dr Sam Brooker is a Senior Lecturer and course leader specialising in digital communication. His research explores the relationship between digital technologies and theories of literature and culture. Recent published work explores the relationship between digital technology and authorship, alongside creating sustainable value chains for marginalised groups.
The Hyperlinked Syllabus and Beyond: Promoting Student Engagement through Technology
Authors: Blair Linda Nicole
Published: July 2023

This research concerns how instructors can empower student learning through three types of technology: 1) the hyperlinked syllabus, 2) a reading and annotating platform called
Hypothes.is
, and 3) through a professional digital exhibit platform called
Omeka.
Upcoming Sigweb Supported Conferences
Authors: Roßner Daniel
Published: July 2023

The Special Interest Group on Hypertext and the Web, SIGWEB was created in 1989 to support the community participating in the annual ACM Hypertext Conference. In its fourth decade, SIGWEB continues its efforts to support a wide range of communities and eight annual conferences. SIGWEB supports several specialized conferences, short courses, and workshops of different sizes, as well as the annual Hypertext Conference. SIGWEB sponsored conferences focus on timely topics in applied and computational hypertext and Web disciplines and provide a place for members and the entire applied Hypermedia and Web community to exchange ideas and to meet with and expand their network of colleagues. In this article, we provide a brief overview of SIGWEB sponsored conferences, in addition to events that are in cooperation with SIGWEB.
Privacy-Preserving Graph Machine Learning from Data to Computation: A Survey
Authors: Fu Dongqi , Bao Wenxuan , Maciejewski Ross , Tong Hanghang , He Jingrui
Published: July 2023

In graph machine learning, data collection, sharing, and analysis often involve multiple parties, each of which may require varying levels of data security and privacy. To this end, preserving privacy is of great importance in protecting sensitive information. In the era of big data, the relationships among data entities have become unprecedentedly complex, and more applications utilize advanced data structures (i.e., graphs) that can support network structures and relevant attribute information. To date, many graph-based AI models have been proposed (e.g., graph neural networks) for various domain tasks, like computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we focus on reviewing privacypreserving techniques of graph machine learning. We systematically review related works from the data to the computational aspects. We rst review methods for generating privacy-preserving graph data. Then we describe methods for transmitting privacy-preserved information (e.g., graph model parameters) to realize the optimization-based computation when data sharing among multiple parties is risky or impossible. In addition to discussing relevant theoretical methodology and software tools, we also discuss current challenges and highlight several possible future research opportunities for privacy-preserving graph machine learning. Finally, we envision a uni ed and comprehensive secure graph machine learning system.