bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-attribute group decision making algorithm based on (p, q)-rung interval-valued orthopair fuzzy set and weight optimization model
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Kong Xiangzhi
Published: August 2023

With the aim of addressing the complexity of decision environments, uncertainty of decision information and weight determination of mutual influence between decision makers, a (p, q)-rung interval-valued orthopair fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making algorithm based on weight optimization is proposed. First, in order to improve the ability of decision makers to capture their judgment in a wider space, the concept of a (p, q)-rung interval-valued orthopair fuzzy set is proposed, and its related definition and properties are studied. Second, considering the mutual influence between decision makers and the relationship between attributes, the analytic network process (ANP) and entropy method are employed to determine the subjective and objective weights, respectively. Considering the influence of subjective and objective weights on the combination weights, the deviation degree and dispersion degree of the subjective and objective weights are taken as objective functions, and the optimal solution of the combination weights is iteratively solved by genetic algorithm. Then, based on the (p, q)-rung interval-valued orthopair fuzzy set and weight optimization model, an improved (p, q)-rung interval-valued orthopair fuzzy ELECTRE method is proposed. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm, the algorithm is applied to the example analysis of investment enterprise evaluation, and the results demonstrate that the algorithm has definite theoretical and application value.
Exact solutions and superposition rules for Hamiltonian systems generalizing time-dependent SIS epidemic models with stochastic fluctuations
Authors: Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig , Fernández-Saiz Eduardo , Herranz Francisco J.
Published: August 2023

Using the theory of Lie-Hamilton systems, formal generalized time-dependent Hamiltonian systems that extend a recently proposed SIS epidemic model with a variable infection rate are considered. It is shown that, independently on the particular interpretation of the time-dependent coefficients, these systems generally admit an exact solution, up to the case of the maximal extension within the classification of Lie-Hamilton systems, for which a superposition rule is constructed. The method provides the algebraic frame to which any SIS epidemic model that preserves the above-mentioned properties is subjected. In particular, we obtain exact solutions for generalized SIS Hamiltonian models based on the book and oscillator algebras, denoted by $ \mathfrak{b}_2 $ and $ \mathfrak{h}_4 $, respectively. The last generalization corresponds to an SIS system possessing the so-called two-photon algebra symmetry $ \mathfrak{h}_6 $, according to the embedding chain $ \mathfrak{b}_2\subset \mathfrak{h}_4\subset \mathfrak{h}_6 $, for which an exact solution cannot generally be found but a nonlinear superposition rule is explicitly given.
Process of Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Kocyigit Hulya
Published: August 2023

The field of machine learning (ML) has grown to be a prominent subject within developed businesses while aiming to implement data-driven techniques to better day-to-day business activities. The reader is introduced to the most popular learning models in this chapter. Although unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and semi-supervised learning are incredibly important, the authors won't go into further detail about them here. This section will go into great length about supervised learning environments. The authors propose the following as a summary of the contributions to this chapter: Emphasizing some of the earlier works of literature that tackled these problems and discussing their limitations. In order to do so, the authors propose to review the regression family (i.e., simple regression and multiple linear regression) and decision tree family (i.e., CART, ID3, C4.5, chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID), bagging and boosting). Examining the function and promise of ML techniques to resolve dilemmas and present potential implementation strategies.
A Discussion on Non-Convex Optimization Problems Arising in Supply Chain Design and Finance
Authors: Das Arka
Published: August 2023

Non-convex optimization problems belong to a class of classical nonlinear optimization problems, which are often difficult to solve. An optimization problem becomes non-convex due to the presence of non-convex functions in the objective function or constraints. A function is a convex function if its Hessian matrix is positive and semi-definite for all values; otherwise, it is a non-convex function. A Hessian matrix is called positive semi-definite when the eigenvalues of the matrix are non-negative. A non-convex function can be either a concave function or a function that is neither a concave nor a convex function. A concave function is always negative semi-definite, indicating that the eigenvalues of the matrix are non-positive. This chapter starts with a short introduction to non-convex problems, followed by a discussion on different non-convex problems arising in supply chain and finance. Thereafter, the authors discuss different algorithms used for solving non-convex problems. Finally, the chapter conclude with the limitations of different algorithms.
Quality Improvement of Healthcare Services Through Data Analytics Processes
Authors: Damali Uzay , Ozkul Ahmet Semih
Published: August 2023

Improving quality of care is one of the priorities of policymakers in the U.S. While the spending on quality of care in the U.S. is the highest among all the developed nations, the desired health outcomes achieved have been below many of them. The largest portion of personal health care spending in 2019 went toward hospital care (37.2%), which was followed by physician and clinical services (24.1%). In this chapter, the authors focus on these direct care services, specifically explaining how hospitals and clinics can improve health and financial outcomes using data analytics. Specifically, building on CRISP-DM, a data mining process model, the authors explain the healthcare data analytics processes for hospitals and clinics to improve quality and financial performance.
Blockchain and Machine Learning Framework for Financial Performance in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains
Authors: Sadeghi Russell , Hajian Ava , Rabiee Meysam
Published: August 2023

Financial performance assesses how well a company can manage resources from its primary line of business and create income. Financial performance is critical for the healthcare sector, especially pharmaceutical supply chains. Medicine shortage is the main problem in healthcare management. Medicine shortages negatively affect patient care and financial performance. This chapter explains how blockchain technology and machine learning framework can contribute to pharmaceutical supply chains regarding financial performance. The proposed framework contributes to business analytics tools by presenting a hybrid machine learning method to improve financial performance.
Maximizing Returns Through Investment Analysis
Authors: Kondaveeti Hari Kishan , Vatsavayi Valli Kumari , Yasaswini Reddy M , Mangapathi Srileakhana
Published: August 2023

Investment analysis is a systematic process of evaluating various investment opportunities and choosing the best solutions. It involves the analysis of financial metrics such as past performance, earnings, cash flows, and market trends to make informed decisions. Analytical tools such as financial ratios, time value of money calculations, capital budgeting techniques, and portfolio analysis are used to simplify complex financial data, identify trends, and make informed investment decisions. Financial ratios offer a straightforward and uncomplicated approach to analyzing the financial performance of various investments. Investors can estimate the future value of an investment and its prospective return using time value of money formulas. Long-term investments are assessed for viability using capital budgeting. Portfolio analysis helps investors to diversify their investments and manage risk by analyzing the relationships between different investments. This chapter proposal aims to provide an overview of investment analysis and the various analytical tools used in this process.
Chronic Protracted Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint in a Trauma Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Navaneetham Romir , Navaneetham Anuradha , Pugazhendi Satish Kumaran , Nara Gnapika , Umarani Priyanka Jagadish
Published: August 2023

Rationale:

Chronic protracted temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation refers to a condition that persists for more than one month without reduction.

Patient Concerns:

A 47-year-old male patient first presented to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of the inability to close his mouth for nine months.

Diagnosis:

Chronic protracted dislocation of the temporomandibular joint.

Treatment:

An initial conservative approach was attempted to reduce the condyle, which was unsuccessful. As literature suggests, open-joint surgery with eminectomy and condylectomy of bilateral joints was performed.

Outcomes and Take-away Lessons:

A stagewise treatment is essential for such cases of long-standing TMJ dislocations. A conservative approach is first attempted followed by surgery if the conservative approach is unsuccessful. Postsurgery physiotherapy is essential for a better prognosis.
Metallo β- lactamase producing pseudomonas aeruginosa: a worrisome situation to handle
Authors: Rajguru Manisha , Sande Suvarna , Khekade Amit Padmakar
Published: August 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous and very commonly found in hospital settings. In individuals with weakened immune systems, it can cause a number of ailments, inclusive of lung pneumoniae, gastrointestinal infections, keratitis, otitis media, and bacteremia. It is multi drug–resistant organism which is a worrisome situation. Multi-drug resistance is due to various factors like enzyme production, target mutation, expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, phosphotransferases) mediating aminoglycoside resistance, biofilm formation, but, among all of these, carbapenemases being one of most clinically significant. The most clinically significant carbapenemases are the Metallo β-lactamases (IMP, VIM, SPM, NDM, AIM and GIM genes). Understanding the epidemiology, resistance mechanism, molecular features, and for infection management and to prevent a potential global health crisis, techniques for identifying Carbapenem-Resistant-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are essential. For this review article, initial peer-review of publications from the various search engines (‘Google search engine’, ‘Science direct’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Cross references’ and ‘Scopus’) yielded a total of 97 papers. After reviewing the abstracts of the papers, 37 were eliminated and 60 were retained. Full text reading was undertaken to assess the quality of the articles, which resulted in the exclusion of 39 publications. After final peer-review screening, 17 publications were included in the study.
Stem cell mechanism of action in neuroplasticity after stroke
Authors: Yani Sri , Pawitan Jeanne A.
Published: August 2023

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world that may cause a permanent disability. In recent years, stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has made great progress. Currently, there have been several studies on stem cell therapy in stroke that provide benefits for neuroplasticity using various cell sources and transplant procedures, but the mechanisms are still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the various mechanisms of stem cells in enhancing neuroplasticity. Stem cell mechanism that increases neuroplasticity can be through various signaling pathways, namely the endothelin-3/EDNRB, SRY-related HMG-box 10 (SOX10), Wnt/β-Catenin, GF1R+ and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) pathways, and through neurotrophic factor (NT-3), specialized extracellular matrix perineuronal net (ECM PNN), microRNA (miR-133b and Ex-miR-17-92+ cluster), as well as modulation of proteins namely phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and increased regulation of phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and synaptophysin (SYP). In conclusion, various signaling pathways and other factors contribute in neuroplasticity increase due to stem cell therapy in stroke.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy: Eight Years of Experience on 183 Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al Tamimi Mohamed Abduljalil J. , Al Atraqchi Ahmed A. S. , Tahseen Ahmed , Qatran Hayder
Published: August 2023

Background:

Vagus nerve stimulation has been broadly known as one of treatment lines for refractory epilepsy, especially in poor applicants for resection surgeries or in whom resection has failed. Its use for different seizure-types control is increasing.

Aims:

We aimed to assess the efficacy of Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy outcome predictive aspects utilizing subgroup analysis.

Materials and Methods:

From 2008 until 2016, 183/190 refractory epilepsy cases with specific inclusion criteria were selected. All underwent pre- and postimplantation assessment of response utilizing Engel criteria and Chalfont seizure severity scoring system for 2 years. Descriptive and statistical data analysis was accomplished for the data of age at epilepsy start and VNS insertion, seizures nature, device stimulation parameters, and peri-surgical antiepileptic medicines.

Results:

At 12 months follow-up period (29.5%), patients were assigned to a Class I and II outcome (representing very good seizure outcome) especially among patients with G. T. C seizure. 38.8% had a “worthwhile” improvement and consigned as Class III outcome mostly among P. S. G patients. The response was better at 24 months’ follow-up period. Patients <10 years of age with pre surgery mean duration of epilepsy of 10 (+5) years and mean age at onset of epilepsy of 7 (+5) years showed better response. Mean seizure frequency reduction was 69.8% (+18).

Conclusions:

Stimulation parameters needed was lower for class I and II with significant reduction of required anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Our study may help to provide response predictive characteristics.
Blood Lead Level and Renal Function: Sample of Iraqi Patients Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital in 2022
Authors: Fadhil Aseel Hussein , Al-Rubaey Mazin Ghazi
Published: August 2023

Background:

Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Most of the time, lead poisoning builds up slowly. It follows repeated exposures to small quantities of lead. Signs of repeated lead include high blood pressure, numbness or tingling in the extremities, memory loss, anemia, and kidney dysfunction.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to measure the blood lead level (BLL) among sample of adult patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital aged ≥30 years old and to find if there is any association between BLL and renal impairment.

Subjects and Methods:

Across sectional study was conducted from January 2 to May 31, 2022. Sample involved selection of adults of both sexes who attend Baghdad Teaching Hospital outpatient clinic for nonrenal medical problems. Inclusion criteria include adults aged ≥30 years old, with no history of drugs that change creatinine level and not malnourished. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for all participants according to the Cockcroft equation depending on serum creatinine, age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index. Blood sample was taken for measure lead level in toxicology center in Baghdad medical city using whole blood samples not <2.5 ml for each participant, and the collection of data was taken by interview using especial questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken as ethical issue from each participant in the study.

Results:

A total of 239 participants were involved in this study. The mean BLL was 23.57 μg/dl. BLL for all was ranged between the values 17 μg/dl and 33 μg/dl for both sexes. The study showed a significant association between BLL and GFR rate.

Conclusions:

BLL was higher than normal cut point used in the study which is 10 μg/dl. About one-third of participants had risk of kidney disease with GFR (60–90) ml/min/1.73 m2; they were considered asymptomatic renal impairment.
The Significance of Different Obesity Parameters in Obese Participants with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Ali Ban Hussein , Hussein Ismail Ibrahim , Almaliky Ali Khalid
Published: August 2023

Background:

Studies found a link between visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Numerous attempts made to discover a link between fat lipotoxicity and IR by measuring waist circumference (WC) or body mass index (BMI). This study investigates the relationship between body adiposity index [BAI], a body shape index [ABSI], BMI, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], TGI-WC = Triglyceride glucose index-× WC, and TGI-BMI = Triglyceride glucose index-BMI. Homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) is utilized to examine the significance of those indices in the target population with obesity-linked IR in Iraq.

Objective:

The aim is to identify the most relevant obesity index by examining the relationship between multiple obesity indices and IR in obese healthy individuals.

Design and Methods:

100 obese and nonobese patients’ height, weight, and hip circumference were taken. Triglycerides (TGs), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum insulin, and fasting plasma glucose were obtained to calculate HOMA-IR, TGI-WC, and TGI-BMI.

Results:

Healthy adults 18–50 years were divided (obese and not-obese), clinical features were averaged, and standard errors of the mean calculated. Results for the first obese group were blood pressure [BP] = 114 ± 2/75 ± 9, HbA1c=5.76 ± 0.09, TG = 175.26 ± 3.66, fasting blood glucose [FBG] = 111.84 ± 1.57, WC = 106.62 ± 1.68, BMI = 32.02 ± 0.69, while those for the second group were BP = 111 ± 8/70 ± 6, HbA1c = 4.41 ± 0.06, TG = 96.36 ± 2.02, FBG = 82.40 ± 1.48, WC = 83.76 ± 0.85, and BMI = 22.84 ± 0.22. The relationships between obesity indices were analyzed with HOMA-IR being judged to be IR when it acquired a score value of ≥ 2. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient® used to represent was WHR: r = 0.58, P = 0.0001, ABSI: r = 0.44, P = 0.04, BAI: r = 0.50, P = 0.02, TGI-WC: r = 0.89, P = 0.0001, and TGI-BMI: r = 0.74, P = 0.74.

Conclusion:

All of the obesity and lipid-related indices investigated were positively correlated with IR. The use of TGI-WC is recommended since it is straightforward to calculate using accessible laboratory tests; it showed the highest (Pearson’s) coefficient (r = 0.89; P = 0.0001).
The Use of Megaprostheses in Severe Bone Loss due to Nononcological Indications: Three Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Alaqrabawi Ihab , Elifranji Zuhdi Osama , Alshrouf Mohammad Ali , Karam Abdulrahman M. , Abdin Aseel N. , Al-Ajlouni Jihad
Published: August 2023

Reconstruction of severe bone loss and large skeletal defects using biologic materials with autograft or allograft and using tumor endoprostheses (megaprostheses) helped orthopedic surgeons as well as patients in the sparing of limbs. Several types of megaprostheses have been described in the literature for oncological indications with unpredictable outcomes and complication rates. We review single-centered experience of three nononcological cases to assess the safety of using megaprostheses in patients with severe bone loss without malignant disease. In addition, a literature review on the previous use of megaprostheses as treatment modality, their outcome, and complications was done until August 2022. All the participants were found to be good candidates for megaprostheses implants after their refusal of amputation. Their infections were eradicated before the implants, and also, the range of movement and improvements are satisfactory. In addition, according to the literature compared to the alternative of amputation, this operation has proven to be life-altering and revolutionary for many patients. We believe that megaprostheses might be a good limb salvage alternative in patients with significant bone loss and massive skeletal deformities, even in nononcological situations. Future studies should focus on ways to improve the material and design of the megaprostheses and study the long-term complications and survival rate of the implants.
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Recovery in Cold Pressor Hyper-Reactor Young Males
Authors: Adnan Suzan Kameran , Neda Feza Shalal , Al-Gailani Bassam T.
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The exaggerated cardiovascular response (hyper-reaction) to the cold pressor test (CPT) can predict whether hypertension will develop later on. The study aims to assess the profile blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes during CPT and the recovery from the pressor stimulus.

Subjects and Methods:

Thirty-four participants were asked to immerse their left hand in chilly water for 2 min, and the pressor response in terms of BP and HR changes during the ice-cold water immersion test and for 3 min (at 1-min interval) after the cessation of the test was recorded. The result of BP changes was expressed as a mean BP (MBP). The volunteer responses to CPT were classified as hyper-reactants if the change in BP (∆systolic BP/∆diastolic BP) was ≥22/18 mm.

Results:

The MBP of the systolic hyper-reactor (SHR) and diastolic hyper-reactor (DHR) volunteers was sustained at significantly high levels (by 20% and 25%, respectively) for a longer time (3 min) after the end of CPT relative to normal reactors (NRs). There was no change in MBP upon CPT in NR within the DHR group. The same general behavior was observed with heart rate in both groups (i.e. SHR and DHR).

Conclusion:

The hyper-reactors are characterized by an exaggerated increase in MBP and HR and a longer time for the MBP and HR to return to their baseline levels.
Outcome of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Adult Patient with Sinonasal Polyposis
Authors: Ali Ali Abbas , Ahmed Ahmed Salah , Abdul-Aziz Riyadh Sagban
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nasal polyps are a common condition. Their etiology remains unclear. Surgical treatment has been refined significantly over the past 20 years with the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in an adult patient with sinonasal polyposis, by measuring the improvement in symptoms during 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, record complications and recurrence of nasal polyps.

Patients and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted between November 2018 to January 2021, which included (39) patients whom attended the Outpatient Otorhinolaryngological Department of AL-Karkh General Hospital and AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and suffered from sinonasal polyposis. This study included patients above 18 years (of either sex) with bilateral nasal polyposis and whom medical treatment failed. Those patients were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination, and computer tomography scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses. All patients had functional endoscopic sinus surgery and visual analog scale assessments was done (both pre- and postoperatively), which followed up for up to 24 weeks.

Results:

About 79.5% of the patient get improvement in nasal blockage and (66.7%) for hyposmia, (90.5%) for nasal discharge, and (80%) for both headache and postnasal drip associated with significant improvement of symptoms score 24 weeks postoperative to preoperative score for nasal block, hyposmia, nasal discharge, and facial pain, except postnasal drip showed no significant difference. The most frequent complication was a recurrence of polyps, followed by synechiae and minor epistaxis. No major complication was recorded.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic sinus surgery for sinonasal polyposis is an efficient surgical procedure for nasal polyposis, because it provides an approximate field of vision and illumination, good access, and is associated mostly with minor complications.
The Association Zinc Alpha 2 Glycoprotein Levels with Newly Diagnosed of Thyroid Dysfunction in Iraqi Women
Authors: Saeed Haider Ridha Mohammed , Aabdulsattar Sura Ahmed , Al-Samarriae Abdilkarim Y.
Published: August 2023

Background:

A recently discovered lipolytic adipokine called zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has been linked to the control of lipid and glucose metabolism in a variety of metabolic diseases. Studies in vivo and in vitro indicate that thyroid hormones (THs) increase the production of ZAG in hepatocytes. Yet, there is little information on how TH might interact with ZAG in a human hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism model. This study aimed to assess the effect of THs on serum ZAG and its relation to lipid disorder in Iraqi women, who have recently been diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study was performed at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Medicine College in cooperation with National Diabetes Center/University of Mustansiriyah from January 2021 to February 2022. One hundred thirty-two samples were included in this study, all participants are women aged between 21 and 54 years, which were divided into three groups: (44) subjects serve as a control group, (44) patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism, and (44) patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism.

Results:

The results of the current study had shown that the levels of serum ZAG elevated in the patients who have been newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism (P ≤ 0.001) and decreased in patients with hypothyroidism (P ≤ 0.001) when compared with control. Patients with hyperthyroidism have low levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), while patients with hypothyroidism have higher levels of cholesterol, TG, HDL, and VLDL. Nonetheless, there were no significant correlations between the ZAG and TH with lipid profile in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Conclusion:

ZAG levels were elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism and decreased in patients with hypothyroidism. There is no correlation between the ZAG and TH with lipid profile in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Analysis of Correlation between the Important Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes (CagA, SabA and Oip) and Gastric Epithelial Stem Cells (LGR5) in Patients with Gastric Disease
Authors: Abdullah Safyia Khalid , Bakir Wasan Abd , Alsikafi Mais Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

Background:

Gastric diseases are commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori, by colonizing the mucosa of the gastric epithelium in more than half of the population worldwide. It has the ability for adhering to gastric epithelium, with an important aspect of the pathogenicity of the microorganism facilitating the transport of certain proteins such as CagA, sialic acid-binding adhesion (SabA), and outer inflammatory protein (Oip) into that epithelium. The LGR5 are markers that were recognized as cancer stem cells marker that have prognostic value in some disorders such as gastric cancers (GCs), metaplasia, and inflammation of gastric mucosa. This study aimed for determining the association between expression of LGR5 in patients with gastric diseases and the presence of some virulence genes (CagA, SabA and Oip).

Patients, Material and Methods:

For the 140 patients enrolled H. pylori virulence factors including (CagA, SabA and Oip) was detected using Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, while LGR5 expressions were carried out via immunohistochemistry.

Results:

SabA and Oip was significant difference with gastric disease such as GC, gastric metaplasia and gastritis with and without H. pylori. While no significant difference Cag gene with gastric disease due to all patient have Cag gene. LGR5 stem cell marker expression has significant difference with GC and gastric metaplasia.

Conclusion:

There was a significant increase in H. pylori Ag (SabA and Oip) expression among patients with gastric disease compared to the apparently normal individuals this might be able to be that H. pylori as one of the risk factor for developing cancer. However, no significant between H. pylori Cag Ag expression among patients with gastric disease due to all the patients infected with H. pylori has Cag gene (100%). It is suggested that LGR5 may play an important role in gastric carcinoma formation and may be used as a potential marker for the progression in patients with gastric disease.
Study of the Link between Ligament Laxity and the Occurrence of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents
Authors: Belabbassi Hanène , Ziane Sarrah Ait , Bouamra Abderezzak , Kaced Houria
Published: August 2023

Background:

The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) within other risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a matched case–control study in adolescents aged 9–15 years. We matched the age and sex of adolescents with AIS to their healthy controls. The AIS is defined by a Cobb angle of 10° and the ligament hyperlaxity is defined by a Beighton score ≥4. The two parameters were identified blindly. Other risk factors for AIS were analyzed. The multivariate analysis by simple logistic regression was carried out.

Results:

We analyzed 430 adolescents, among them 215 subjects with AIS were paired with 215 healthy controls. The sex ratio (female/male) is 1.46. Scoliotics showed a significantly higher rate of joint hyperlaxity than controls, P < 0.003 (61.4% vs. 46.5%) with an odds ratio (Orb) of 1.83 confidence interval (CI) (1.25–2.68). The multivariate analysis by logistic regression revealed three predictors of AIS which are ligament hyperlaxity ORa = 1.82 CI (1.23–2.69) P < 0.003, the existence of similar cases in the ORa family = 1.94 (1.24–3.03) P < 0.002 and a trunk growth spurt ≥4 cm/6 months ORa = 1.62 (1.09–2.4) P < 0.02.

Conclusion:

There is a potential relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Two other predictors were detected, similar cases of scoliosis in the family and the trunk growth spurt.
Caudal Septal Deviation Surgical Techniques
Authors: Hassen Nasir Usama
Published: August 2023

Background:

Caudal septal repair is hard to confront in otolaryngology and plastic surgeon, due to cartilage memory. It causes nasal obstruction or esthetical problems to the nasal base and columella. Although different modalities have been described for the treatment of this abnormality, these techniques not only improve the function but also preserve or improve the appearance of the nose.

Objective:

The objective was to discuss the different surgical conservative procedures that can be used to treat alterations of the caudal septum and change the position of the cartilage in the midline and find which is the best.

Patients and Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients who aged 20–40 years, had attended the Otolaryngology Outpatient Clinic in Al Karama Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, between October 2016 and March 2020, and with a history of obstructed nose; conservative nasal septal surgery was done for them depending on the severity.

Results:

Regarding the result of the type of surgery, the patients were satisfied with their esthetic and functional perfection; patients with preoperative nasal obstruction reported improved breathing. In scoring technique with (NOSE) score pre and postoparative results were 58.21 and 22.66, in reshaping technique were 60.66 and 17.21 as a pre and postoparative results and in batten graft the results were 62.34 and 20.26 as a pre and postoparative results alternatively. Reshaping and batten graft techniques are better results than the scoring technique.

Conclusion:

The study outcomes that the approaches for improvement of caudal septal deviation are safe and effective. The approach of surgery will depend on the severity of the deviation.
Exploring the Category and Use Cases on Digital Therapeutic Methodologies
Authors: An Sunhee , Ko Jieun , Yu Kyung-Sang , Kwon Hyuktae , Kim Sungwan , Hong Jeeyoung , Kong Hyoun-Joong
Published: August 2023

Objectives: As the Fourth Industrial Revolution advances, there is a growing interest in digital technology. In particular, the use of digital therapeutics (DTx) in healthcare is anticipated to reduce medical expenses. However, analytical research on DTx is still insufficient to fuel momentum for future DTx development. The purpose of this article is to analyze representative cases of different types of DTx from around the world and to propose a classification system.Methods: In this exploratory study examining DTx interaction types and representative cases, we conducted a literature review and selected seven interaction types that were utilized in a large number of cases. Then, we evaluated the specific characteristics of each DTx mechanism by reviewing the relevant literature, analyzing their indications and treatment components. A representative case for each mechanism was provided.Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy, distraction therapy, graded exposure therapy, reminiscence therapy, art therapy, therapeutic exercise, and gamification are the seven categories of DTx interaction types. Illustrative examples of each variety are provided.Conclusions: Efforts from both the government and private sector are crucial for success, as standardization can decrease both the expense and the time required for government-led DTx development. The private sector should partner with medical facilities to stimulate potential demand, carry out clinical research, and produce scholarly evidence.
Simulation Method for the Physical Deformation of a Three-Dimensional Soft Body in Augmented Reality-Based External Ventricular Drainage
Authors: Koo Kyoyeong , Park Taeyong , Jeong Heeryeol , Khang Seungwoo , Koh Chin Su , Park Minkyung , Kim Myung Ji , Jung Hyun Ho , Shin Juneseuk , Kim Kyung Won , Lee Jeongjin
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Intraoperative navigation reduces the risk of major complications and increases the likelihood of optimal surgical outcomes. This paper presents an augmented reality (AR)-based simulation technique for ventriculostomy that visualizes brain deformations caused by the movements of a surgical instrument in a three-dimensional brain model. This is achieved by utilizing a position-based dynamics (PBD) physical deformation method on a preoperative brain image.Methods: An infrared camera-based AR surgical environment aligns the real-world space with a virtual space and tracks the surgical instruments. For a realistic representation and reduced simulation computation load, a hybrid geometric model is employed, which combines a high-resolution mesh model and a multiresolution tetrahedron model. Collision handling is executed when a collision between the brain and surgical instrument is detected. Constraints are used to preserve the properties of the soft body and ensure stable deformation.Results: The experiment was conducted once in a phantom environment and once in an actual surgical environment. The tasks of inserting the surgical instrument into the ventricle using only the navigation information presented through the smart glasses and verifying the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid were evaluated. These tasks were successfully completed, as indicated by the drainage, and the deformation simulation speed averaged 18.78 fps.Conclusions: This experiment confirmed that the AR-based method for external ventricular drain surgery was beneficial to clinicians.
Influence of Practice Characteristics on the Adoption of Electronic Dental Records in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Majid Irfan Adil , Alikutty Fazeena Karimalakuzhiyil , Qadah Hadeel Zuhair , Kofiyh Kadejh Abdulsalam , Alsaadi Reema Abdulaziz D. , Alsubhi Rahaf Musaad , Irfan Anaum Naila
Published: August 2023

Objectives: The adoption of electronic dental records (EDRs) is less extensively studied than electronic medical records (EMRs) in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a multivariate analysis was conducted to calculate the adoption of EDRs and determine the practice characteristics that influence adoption.Methods: An online survey was conducted with 220 dental practices in Jeddah from August to December 2021. The questionnaire contained 10 items that measured the adoption of EDRs and identified the region, district, practice characteristics, and practice size. A regression analysis was used to ascertain the relationships between EDR adoption and the predictor variables.Results: About 93% of the dental practices, we surveyed in Jeddah had adopted EDRs. Public dental practices and large practices were associated with higher rates of adoption (respectively, 97.0%, p = 0.016; 97.8%, p = 0.009). The logistic regression model showed statistically significant results regarding practice characteristics, practice size, and the acceptance of insurance patients. EDR adoption was 89% less likely for private dental practices, 99% less likely for smaller dental practices (≥2 dentists), and 98% less likely in dental practices that did not treat patients with insurance.Conclusions: Our study sample showed a high rate of EDR adoption. Among the participants, public practices, large practices, and practices that treat patients with insurance were the most positively inclined toward EDR adoption.
Sentiment and Topic Modeling Analysis on Twitter Reveals Concerns over Cannabis-Containing Food after Cannabis Legalization in Thailand
Authors: Lerksuthirat Tassanee , Srisuma Sahaphume , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , Kueanjinda Patipark
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Twitter has been used to express a diverse range of public opinions about cannabis legalization in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to observe changes in sentiments after cannabis legalization and to investigate health-related topics discussed on Twitter.Methods: Tweets in Thai and English related to cannabis were scraped from Twitter between May 1 and June 13, 2022, during cannabis legalization in Thailand. Sentiment and topic-modeling analyses were used to compare the content of tweets before and after legalization. Health-related topics were manually grouped into categories by their content and rated according to the number of corresponding tweets.Results: We collected 21,242 and 6,493 tweets, respectively, for Thai and English search terms. A sharp increase in the number of tweets related to cannabis legalization was detected at the time of its public announcement. Sentiment analysis in the Thai search group showed a significant change (p < 0.0001) in sentiment distribution after legalization, with increased negative and decreased positive sentiments. A significant change was not found in the English search group (p = 0.4437). Regarding cannabis-containing food as a leading issue, topic-modeling analysis revealed public concerns after legalization in the Thai search group, but not the English one. Topics related to cannabis tourism surfaced only in the English search group.Conclusions: Since cannabis legalization, the primary health-related concern has been cannabis-containing food. Education and clear regulations on cannabis use are required to strengthen oversight of cannabis in the Thai population, as well as among medical tourists.
Contrubution to the earthworm fauna of Edirne province Türkiye (Clitellata, Megadrili)
Authors: KOÇ Kübra , MISIRLIOĞLU İbrahim Mete , ÇALIŞKAN Hakan
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted between September 2019 - June 2021 to determine the earthworm fauna of Edirne province. For this purpose, 79 samples were collected from 14 localities within the borders of Edirne Province. Identification of the samples collected resulted in recording 9 species belonging to 5 genera as follows; Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826), Aporrectodea dubiosa dubiosa (Örley, 1881), Aporrectodea jassyensis jassyensis (Michaelsen, 1891), Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges, 1828), Eiseniella tetraedra tetraedra (Savigny, 1826), Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, 1843, Octodrilus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884), Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881).

The species Aporrectodea dubiosa dubiosa (Örley, 1881) and Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881) were recorded for the first time from the Thracian part of the Marmara region.
Antalya’daki bazı Lagoecia cumminoides L. popülasyonlarının uçucu yağ içerikleri
Authors: ELMASULU Safinaz , ÇINAR Ahu , ÇINAR Orçun
Published: August 2023

Umbelliferae ailesinde yer alan Lagoecia cinsi ülkemiz doğal florasında cinse ait tek tür olan L. cuminoides ile temsil edilmektedir. Tek yıllık otsu bir bitki olan L. cuminoides ülkemizde Nisan-Haziran aylarında çiçeklenmekte ve deniz seviyesinden 1100 m yüksekliklere kadar yayılış göstermektedir. Yabani kimyon olarak adlandırılan bitkinin uçucu yağında ana bileşen olarak yüksek miktarda thymol bulunmaktadır. Geçmişte kimyon yerine kullanılan bitkinin diş ağrısında bir çeşit analjezik olarak, anti-epileptik ve safra taşı önleyici ilaç olarak kullanılmasının yanısıra yayılış gösterdiği yerlerde çay olarak tüketiminin olduğu da bilinmektedir.

Antalya’nın batı (Kemer), merkez (Aksu) ve doğusunu (Alanya) temsil eden üç farklı lokasyondan toplanan örneklerden su distilasyonu ile elde edilen uçucu yağlara ait uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin GC/-MS-FID ile analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre uçucu yağ verimleri 1.66 (Kemer), 0.47 (Aksu) ve 0.93 % (Alanya) ve uçucu yağ ana bileşeni thymol ise sırasıyla 89.57, 83.54 ve 72.55, % oranlarında tespit edilmiştir. Dikkat çeken diğer uçucu yağ bileşenleri ise sırasıyla cymene için (4.66, 5.29 ve 7.39%) ve γ-terpinene için (3.74, 7.24 ve 14.97%) olarak belirlenmiştir.
Researches on determination of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) on old hollow broad-leaved tree species in Cataldag (Balıkesir-Bursa) in Western Türkiye
Authors: SÜRGÜT Hakan
Published: August 2023

With this study, Cataldag province extending at the provincial borders of Balıkesir and Bursa, the field studies were performed at 11 different study areas per three weeks using pitfall traps and window traps with old and hollow seven different original forest tree species (Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Platanus orientalis, Fagus orientalis, Quercus petreae, Q. cerris, Q. cerris x Q. infectoria) in between April and November months during 2014-2015. At the result of the study, 112 saproxylic beetles species belonging to 83 genus of 25 families were identified. Anobium hederae Ihssen, Gastrallus corsicus Schilsky, Hemicoelus canaliculatus (Thomson), Cryptophagus pubescens Sturm, Symbiotes gibberosus (Lucas), Triplax russica (Linnaeus), T. scutellaris Charpentier, Hylis cariniceps (Reitter), Isorhipis marmottani (Bonvouloir), Phloiotrya tenuis (Hampe), Litargus balteatus (LeConte), Sacodes flavicollis (Kiesenwetter), Tetratoma desmarestii Latreille and Synchita undata Guérin-Méneville are the new records for Turkish beetles fauna. 89 saproxylic beetles of 22 families are recorded for Balıkesir and Bursa provinces for the first time. 35 species in red list prepared for endangered saproxylic beetle species in Europe and Mediterrenean basin were determined. Podeonius acuticornis endangered (EN), Cardiophorus gramineus, Megapenthes lugens, Mycetochara quadrimaculata near threatened (NT), Ischnodes sanguinicollis and Lucanus ibericus vulnerable (VU) categories are included. 88 saproxylic beetle species were determined in Susurluk and the most species were collected from P. orientalis (32 species), nonetheless 56 saproxylic beetle species were determined in Mustafakemalpaşa and the most species were collected from Q. cerris (20 species). Saproxylic beetle species were collected with 82 % window trap and 25 % pitfall trap.
Construção de Tarefas de Matemática como Tarefas de Aprendizagem Profissional: Exemplos do PIBID/MAT/UnB
Authors: Grebot Guy
Published: August 2023

Este artigo descreve como eram elaboradas as tarefas de matemática no âmbito do projeto pioneiro do programa PIBID do departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Brasília, entre 2009 e 2015. Cinco tarefas, produzidas no âmbito desse projeto, são apresentadas. Apesar de dividirem os mesmos preceitos metodológicos - todas são tarefas exploratórias que visam o desenvolvimento do raciocínio - elas diferem tanto na determinação do contexto utilizado quanto nos conceitos matemáticos abordados. A primeira tarefa apresentada poderia se enquadrar no âmbito da Educação Matemática Realística. Com objetivos distintos, duas das tarefas descrevem jogos. Uma tarefa está inserida num contexto puramente matemático e a última propõe a construção de aproximações de uma esfera. Todas essas tarefas passaram por pelo menos um ciclo de aplicação e revisão/correção. A aplicação ocorreu em escolas de ensino básico em turmas reduzidas.
Unidades de Referência e Frações Unitárias em Tarefas Matemáticas: uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura
Authors: Amaral Camila Augusta do Nascimento , Rodrigues Poliana Figueiredo Cardoso , Souza Maria Alice Veiga Ferreira de , Powell Arthur Belford
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta revisões sistemática e narrativa de literatura sobre professores em serviço e em formação que ensinam ideias matemáticas emergentes de tarefas sobre unidades de referência e frações unitárias. Usando descritores em inglês sem limite de tempo, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática em bancos de dados contendo artigos revisados por pares sobre Educação Matemática. Para a revisão sistemática, nove artigos atenderam aos nossos critérios de inclusão e mostraram o papel fundamental das unidades de referência para a compreensão de números racionais e frações unitárias para a resolução de problemas matemáticos. Além disso, os artigos indicaram as limitações demonstradas pelos professores em sua concepção da unidade de referência. Uma revisão narrativa incluiu dois artigos sobre o mesmo tópico de periódicos brasileiros. Nossa análise revela a necessidade de aumentar a compreensão dos professores sobre unidades de referência e frações unitárias e de ampliar as discussões sobre esses tópicos nos cursos de aprendizagem profissional de professores de matemática, tanto antes quanto durante o serviço.
Der "Washington-Code": Zur Heroisierung amerikanischer Präsidenten, 1775–1865
Authors: Butter Michael
Published: August 2023

Die Heroisierung amerikanischer Präsidenten von George Washington bis Abraham Lincoln in Gedichten und Liedern. Mit der Heroisierung des ersten Präsidenten der USA, George Washington, entstand ein neues Modell von republikanischem Heldentum, das auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse des gerade unabhängig gewordenen Landes zugeschnitten war. Dieses wurde in einer bestimmten »Sprache« des Heroischen, dem »Washington-Code«, artikuliert. Alle Präsidenten und Präsidentschaftskandidaten bis zur Zeit des Bürgerkriegs wurden mehr oder weniger erfolgreich nach diesem Modell heroisiert und mitunter sogar explizit zu »neuen« oder »zweiten« Washingtons erklärt. Mit Washington assoziierte Werte und Eigenschaften wurden dabei seinen Nachfolgern zugeschrieben und, da Fremd- und Selbstheroisierung Hand in Hand gingen, von diesen für sich reklamiert. Erst die Verehrung Abraham Lincolns bediente sich anderer Formen. Anhand eines Korpus von knapp 2000 Liedern und Gedichten, die zum großen Teil noch nie untersucht worden sind, zeichnet Michael Butter diesen Prozess nach.