bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hiponatremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática
Authors: Lema Lino María Virginia , Salazar Monar Francisco Xavier , Fajardo Menoscal Cristóbal Lenin , Sarango Coronel Maryuri Guicella
Published: May 2024

La interacción entre la cirrosis hepática y la hiponatremia es crucial en la atención médica. La hiponatremia, común en pacientes con cirrosis, conlleva riesgos graves, como la encefalopatía hepática. Se origina por diversos procesos, como la retención de sodio y agua y cambios hormonales. Detectar y tratar la hiponatremia tempranamente es esencial. Se necesitan más investigaciones para mejorar los enfoques terapéuticos y los resultados clínicos. Se realizó una metodología de revisión bibliográfica sobre hiponatremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, en donde, primero se estableció un protocolo de búsqueda que incluyó bases de datos electrónicas como PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus. Se utilizaron términos de búsqueda específicos como "cirrosis", "hiponatremia", "enfermedad hepatica" y sus combinaciones. Se seleccionaron estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024, priorizando revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos controlados. Se examinaron los títulos y resúmenes para identificar la relevancia con el tema de interés, y se procedió a la lectura completa de los artículos seleccionados. Se extrajeron datos sobre la prevalencia de hiponatremia en pacientes cirróticos, sus posibles causas, impacto en la morbimortalidad y estrategias de manejo. La interacción entre la cirrosis hepática y la hiponatremia evidencia una relación clínica crucial. La hiponatremia, presente en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, implica riesgos considerables para su salud, incluyendo el desarrollo de complicaciones graves como la encefalopatía hepática y la ascitis refractaria, así como una reducción en la esperanza de vida
Estado de conciencia animalista en la aplicación de plataformas comunicacionales digitales en Ecuador
Authors: Moyano Morán Gina Pamela , López Ruiz Javier Ricardo , Moyano Morán Gabriel Fernando , Morán Cárdenas Gina Arsenia
Published: May 2024

El estudio « Estado de conciencia animalista y su aplicación en plataformas comunicacionales digitales en Ecuador » busca obtener un panorama claro de cómo las organizaciones enfocadas al bienestar animal están utilizando las plataformas digitales para lograr los objetivos de generar conciencia sobre los derechos de los animales, fomentar cambios de comportamiento en la ciudadanía alineados al respeto de los animales, asegurar el bienestar de los animales y encontrar hogares de adopción para los animales rescatados a la vez de generar un cambio en la sociedad para que no se abandonen a los animales. Además, se pretende otorgar pautas para que las organizaciones, de manera independiente o de forma colaborativa con demás entidades, desarrollen sus portales digitales con información que va a ser un potencializador para el impacto de sus acciones. Este estudio inicia con una revisión de los trabajos científicos realizados respecto a plataformas digitales comunicacionales del bienestar animal en Ecuador, así como también se revisan publicaciones de América Latina para tener como referente. Luego, a través de las metodologías de investigación exploratoria y conclusiva descriptiva se procede inicialmente a entender el estado de conciencia actual de la sociedad en cuanto al respeto de los derechos de los animales y el aseguramiento de su bienestar; para luego analizar los portales digitales de la organizaciones enfocadas al bienestar animal en Ecuador, identificando las areas y actividades que en esos portales se comunican. Con esa comprensión, se mencionan actividades y rubros que se podrián comunicar en mayor medida en los portales digitales y se plantea un esquema de portal web sugerido.
Thrombocytopenia and its Severity in Plasmodium Vivax Positive Patients
Authors: Shah Mujtaba , Rani Shabnam , Kumari Komal , Memon Nadeem , Memon Zaheer Husain , Kumar Rutesh
Published: May 2024

Background: Plasmodium vivax, one of the four species of human malaria parasites, is responsible for a considerable portion of malaria cases. While P. vivax is often considered less severe than Plasmodium falciparum, it is not without its complications. Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological complication associated with malaria infections, including those caused by P. vivax. Objective: To evaluate the severity of thrombocytopenia and relationship between thrombocytopenia and demographic factors, such as age and gender, in Plasmodium vivax positive patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Medicine OPD of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences / Jamshoro and Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas Pakistan. Duration: Six months from May 2022 to October 2022. Methods: Individuals aged over 12 years of either gender with a confirmed diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax were included. A single blood sample was collected from each participant for platelet count analysis, and demographic details and platelet counts were recorded using standardized data collection forms. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count below a predetermined threshold (e.g., <150,000 platelets/μL). All the information was collected via study proforma and SPSS version 26 was used for the analysis. Results: The participants had a mean age of 29.07 years. 122 individuals (61.3%) were male, and 77 individuals (38.7%) were female. Thrombocytopenia was highly prevalent in patients with a positive diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax, with a frequency of 83.4%. Among the affected individuals, 18.6% had mild thrombocytopenia, 38.2% had moderate thrombocytopenia, and 25.6% were observed with severe thrombocytopenia. According to the thrombocytopenia and its severity based on age and gender the p-values of 0.069 and 0.656 indicates no significant association of age and gender with thrombocytopenia severity. Conclusion: Study revealed a significant frequency of moderate to severe thrombocytopenia in individuals diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax infection and tends to be of moderate to severe intensity, without significant correlation of age and gender.
Lung Function Indices among Marble Workers with Age Matched Healthy Individuals in Lahore
Authors: Butt Imran Maqsood , Hasnain Seema , Chaudhary Aneela , Iqbal Javeid , Butt Ammara , Farooq Muhammad Umar
Published: May 2024

Background: Marble dust predominantly comprises of free silica which is a principal constituent of Earth’s crust. Production of toxic substances, chemicals, and respirable dust in marble industry offers an occupational threat to the workers. Free silica dust is generated during quarrying, grinding cutting and polishing of marble and is responsible for occupational pulmonary diseases. Objective: This study was conducted to compare pulmonary function test results among the workers of marble industry and healthy persons of same age in district, Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Study was conducted in marble workshops workers, located in Township area College Road, Institute of Public Health, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: Six months from 05 May 2021 to 04 August 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 225 individuals. Forty-five male persons, each were selected from cutting, grinding and polishing sections along with office workers from the marble workshop. Forty-five age matched healthy individuals selected from the same community. After getting approval from the Institutional Review board, the data was collected in a pretested standardized questionnaire after taking informed written consent by the respondents. Lung function tests were conducted by a Spiro Lab Spirometer which included forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity. Results: The mean years of work experience of respondents was 11.58 ±5.92 and that of non-exposed healthy individuals was 11.23±5.32 years. A significant relationship of marble dust and deranged pulmonary function tests (p-value≤0.001) was noted which was normal in case of non-exposed individuals. Duration of work in marble industry and age in years had significant relationship with reduction in pulmonary function tests (p- value<0.001 in each). About 83 (46%) marble workers working in different sections had reported abnormal spirometry as compared to non-exposed individuals (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: According to the current study, individuals who had worked in the marble industry for more than 15 years had a steady reduction in their lung function indices, which ultimately had a detrimental effect on their health and when compared to healthy individuals of the same community, marble workers' pulmonary function tests showed significant impairments.
Effectiveness of Less Invasive Surfactant Administration in Preterm with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ali Muneera , Khan Mustansir Ali , Sultana Razia , Azhar Muhammad , Yasmeen Nuzhat , Riaz Sadia
Published: May 2024

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency is associated with high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. While studies have should that early treatment with surfactant therapy has markedly reduced mortality. There are certain methods by which surfactant can be given, the most common initially used was intubation and mechanical ventilation which itself is also associated with many complications. LISA i.e. less invasive surfactant administration is an emerging technique in which surfactant is given via soft tube without intubation and oxygen support given with nasal CPAP, which has been internationally studied and preferred with significantly reduced need of mechanical ventilation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Study Design: Descriptive, case series. Settings: Department of neonatology of children hospital, PIMS Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: Total 6 months duration from 31st August 2019 to 28th February 2020. Methods: A total of 85 preterm babies with respiratory distress 2 syndrome fulfilling the following criteria were selected. Extremely and very low birth weight i.e. <1.5kg and extremely sick were excluded. Patients were given surfactant through the soft nasotracheal tube and put on CPAP and the children's condition was assessed during 72 hours of procedure for improvement and related complications like pneumothorax, need of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Neonates having earlier clinical improvement with no prolonged need of mechanical ventilation and having fewer complications were considered effective. Results: Mean gestational age was 33.08 ± 1.35 weeks. Out of the 85 patients, 46 (54.12%) were male and 39 (45.88%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Mean birth weight was 2.50 ± 0.73 kg. The effectiveness of LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome was found in 63 (74.12%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that the effectiveness of LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is quite high.
Role of C-Reactive Proteins at Early Gestational Age in Predicting Pre-Eclampsia in Pregnant Females
Authors: Ahsan Amna , Waheed Khadija , Javaid Amna , Rasul Noureen , Hussain Warda , Hussain Mugheera
Published: May 2024

Background: Pre-eclampsia remains a significant concern in obstetrics due to its potential complications for both mother and fetus. Early detection of pre-eclampsia (PE0 is crucial for timely intervention and management. C-Reactive Protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, has shown promise as a potential predictor of pre-eclampsia when assessed during early gestational age. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of raised serum CRP levels in early gestation to predict the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant females. Study Design: Prospective validation Study. Settings: Outdoor Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Lady Atchison Hospital Lahore. Duration: 02-September 2021 to 01-March-2022. Methods: A total of 130 pregnant females having gestational age 16 to 20 weeks and presenting in the hospital for regular antenatal visits were included. A five ml venous blood sample was drawn and was sent to the central hospital laboratory for determination of CRP levels from each case. Patients having CRP ≥5.0 mg/L were labelled as high risk of pre-eclampsia. All patients followed till delivery to determine the development of pre-eclampsia. Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 28.16±4.74 years, with a mean BMI of 26.27±5.05 kg/m². Among the 130 patients, 12 (9.23%) were identified as having elevated CRP levels, while the remaining 118 (90.77%) showed normal CRP levels. Additionally, pre-eclampsia was diagnosed in 11 (8.46%) of the patients. Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of CRP levels revealed a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 97.5%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated at 75%, while the negative predictive value (NPV) stood at 98.3%. Conclusion: The study observed that elevated CRP levels in early pregnancy serve as a significant predictor of pre-eclampsia, with sensitivity of 81.8%, indicating its ability to correctly identify those with pre-eclampsia, while the specificity was 97.5%, suggesting its accuracy in ruling out those without the condition.
Assessing the Relationship between Fingerprints and Lip Prints Patterns with Gender and Blood Group at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aziz Ijaz , Tanoli Aftab Alam , Rasheed Aisha , Ullah Faqir , Irshad Nasim , Samad Abdul
Published: May 2024

Background: Fingerprints and lip prints are unique biometric markers extensively studied in forensic science for individual identification. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between fingerprints and lip print patterns concerning gender and blood group characteristics within a tertiary care hospital setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Forensic Medicine Loralai Medical College, Loralai Pakistan. Duration: From August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: Total 150 patients involving the collection of fingerprints and lip prints from participants were enrolled. Gender and blood group information were also recorded. Statistical analysis, including correlation tests and chi-square analysis, was employed to examine associations between biometric patterns and demographic variables. Results: The mean age of the sample population was 37.53 years, with a standard deviation of 3.2 years. Approximately 53.33% of the participants were male, while 46.67% were female. Groups A and O each comprised 26.67% of the sample, while group AB accounted for 16.67%. Type II and Type III patterns followed, accounting for 23.33% and 20.00%, respectively, while Type I patterns were least common at 16.67%. In terms of fingerprint types, loops were the most prevalent at 46.67%, followed by whorls at 30.00% and arches at 23.33%. The correlation indicates significant associations between lip prints and fingerprints with gender (χ² = 7.128, df = 3, p < 0.001*) and between lip prints and fingerprints with blood group (χ² = 5.454, df = 3, p = 0.001*). These findings suggest that gender and blood group may influence the distribution of lip prints and fingerprints. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant associations between fingerprints, lip prints, gender, and blood group characteristics among individuals at a tertiary care hospital. These findings underscore the potential utility of integrating biometric parameters for enhanced forensic identification and medical diagnostics.
An Analysis of Patients' Knowledge and Experience Associated with Metallic Dental Implant Material
Authors: Manzoor Faryal , Khayyam Umer , Baqai Haifa Saquib , Siddiqui Aman Ullah , Jehan Farhat , Daheri Safiullah
Published: May 2024

Background: Metallic dental implant materials play a pivotal role in modern dentistry, serving as a key component in the restoration of missing teeth. Patients' knowledge and experiences related to these metallic materials are essential aspects in understanding the overall success and acceptability of dental implant procedures. Objective: To determine the patients' knowledge and experience (satisfaction and problems) associated with Metallic Dental Implant Material. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey-based study. Settings: Bhittai Dental Hospital Mirpur Khas and Hamdard University, Dental Hospital, Karachi Pakistan. Duration: Six months from march 2021 to August 2021. Methods: All the patients above 18 years of age, both gender, individuals who have previously undergone dental implant procedures involving metallic materials, those who are considering dental implant procedures with metallic materials were included. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions regarding patients' knowledge and experience associated with metallic dental implant material. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 89 individuals were interviewed; out of them 55.15 were females and 44.9% were males. Most of the cases had heard about dental implant by medicos, random people and relatives. 37.1% patients had financial issues regarding dental implants, 25.8% had pain/discomfort after having an implant, 31.5% cases were facing to infection, 67.4% cases had limitation regarding meals after having a dental implant. Out of all 57.3% individuals were satisfied regarding their dental implants. Conclusion: Patients' knowledge and experience associated with metallic dental implant material observed to be average. Financial, fear of surgery, discomfort and infection issues were a major concern for a significant proportion of patients, indicating that cost may be a barrier to receiving dental implants for some patients. Despite these challenges, the majority of patients expressed satisfaction with their dental implants, indicating that the benefits of the procedure may outweigh the challenges.
Rate of Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis and Access Recirculation among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Hassan Irfana , Khan Adil , Haroon Anita , Mahmud Mahvesh , Awan Muhammad Farrukh Abbas , Fatima Masooda
Published: May 2024

Background: Arteriovenous fistula stenosis and access recirculation in hemodialysis represent critical challenges, influencing the efficiency of vascular access and dialysis treatment outcomes. Objective: The objective is to assess the prevalence of arteriovenous fistula (the AVF) stenosis as well as access recirculation (AR) in patients of hemodialysis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of Nephrology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta. Duration: From 1st April 2022 to 1st September, 2022. Methods: Adult patients having age 18 years to 80 years receiving maintenance hemodialysis 3 times in a week were included in this study. Patients who were willing to provide informed consent participated in the study. Patients with active infections or sepsis, with a history of vascular access interventions within the last three months, pregnant or lactating women as well as patients with cognitive impairment were excluded from study. Outcome variables will be incidence of AVF Stenosis which was determined by regular ultrasound assessments and monitoring of clinical symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using SPS version 22. Results: The study comprised 150 maintenance hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 55±10. Age distribution showed that 20% were between 18-40 years, 53.3% between 41-60 years, 23.3% between 61-80 years, and 3.3% were older than 80 years. Sixty percent (60%) of the participants were male, while 40% were female. The mean duration of AV fistula use was 3.21± 2.65 years, with 14.66% having duration of 6-12 months, 41.33% between 1-3 years, and 44% using AV fistulas for more than 3 years. Seventy-five point three percent (75.3%) of patients had hypertension, 40.0% had diabetes mellitus, and 28.0% had cardiovascular disease. Additionally, 16.7% of patients presented with other comorbidities. Out of total 25 (16.7%) patients were affected by arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis, while access recirculation was observed in 20 patients (13.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals a notable incidence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis and access recirculation among maintenance hemodialysis patients. The observed associations with age and AVF duration underscore the complexity of vascular access complications.
Delegation and its Relationship to Job Involvement as Perceived by Staff Nurses in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aslam Ayesha , Farooq Zambeel , Zafar Misbah , Naz Shabana , Kanwal Anmol , Habib Nusrat , Amjad Rehmana
Published: May 2024

Background: Delegation is a critical ability for nurses; they must become more aware and diligent. It is a crucial component of routine nursing tasks one of the many reasons why every company should have explicit rules and procedures surrounding delegation. Job involvement satisfies a person's conceptual demands, allowing him or her to work more and function better. Objective: To investigate the delegation and its relationship to job involvement as perceived by staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Quantitative Correlational study design. Settings: Institute of Public Health, Services Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: 05 May 2021 to 04 August 2021. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Sample size of 146 nurses working in a tertiary care hospital Lahore (as charge nurse, head nurse or specialist nurse) was taken. Study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore. Charge nurses more than 5 years of experience, having specialty (ICU, CCU, ER, and ICN) were included. Licensed practice nurses, lady health visitors, Student nurses, head nurses and charge nurses having experience less than 5 years will be excluded. Results: Results reveal that 88.571% were females and 11.429% males in this study. The results revealed that there was strong positive correlation between delegation and job involvement (r=0.804, p-value= 0.021). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is positive relationship between delegation and job involvement.
Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Patients with Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Mumtaz Arif , Din Siraj Ud , Islam Umair Ul , Qasim Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism poses a concealed threat to reproductive health. With evidence hinting at its prevalence in recurrent miscarriages, this study delves into unraveling the intricacies of this relationship for comprehensive understanding and improved clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with recurrent miscarriages. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Settings: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat Pakistan. Duration: 6 months period from Jan-Jun, 2023. Methods: A total of 224 women meeting inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking informed written consent. Blood samples were taken as per standard hygiene protocol and send hospital lab for thyroid profile. Subclinical hypothyroidism was labeled when serum TSH level was ≥4.0 mIU/L and the patients didn’t have clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism. All the data was collected in a predesigned format and data analysis was done using SPSS 27.0. Results: Mean age of the patients in this study was 29.01±6.61 years wherein 58.0% (n=130) patients were in the age group of 18-30 years while remaining 42% (n=94) were in the age group of 31-40 years. As regards parity, 50.9% (n=114) patients were nulliparas, 28.1% (n=63) were primiparas and 21.0% (n=47) were multiparas. Mean BMI of the study sample was 24.87±3.7 kg/m2 wherein 52.7% (n=118) participants were normal weight, 37.9% (n=85) were overweight and only 9.4% (n=21) were obese. Previous number of miscarriages were almost same amount all the three groups as 3 miscarriages (33.5%), 4 miscarriages (35.7%) and 5 miscarriages (30.8%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in 18.3% (n=41) patients. Frequency of mischarge was stratified on the basis of age, parity, BMI and previous number of miscarriage, it produced insignificant different for all the subgroups (p-value=0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study highlights a consistent prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (18.3%) in women with recurrent miscarriage. This aligns with global findings, emphasizing the significance of thyroid dysfunction. These insights underscore the importance of routine thyroid screening in the management of recurrent miscarriage, guiding targeted interventions for improved reproductive outcomes.
Characteristics and Frequency of Hyponatremia in Newborns
Authors: Hamayoon Sidra , Anjum Haniya , Gul Rafia , Anwer Zahid , Sidiqque Ayesha , Iqbal Fahad
Published: May 2024

Background: Hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium level below 135 meq/L, is a significant and often overlooked problem in neonatal intensive care unit. Local data on the severity and chronicity of hyponatremia in neonates is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the features, risk factors, and frequency of hyponatremia in infants admitted to our NICU. Objective: To determine the incidence, identifying potential risk factors, assessing its severity, as well as understanding the recovery period and the duration of hospital stay associated with hyponatremia in neonates. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Study was conducted in Neonatal ICUs of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: January to December 2022 (1 Year). Methods: Sample size was 300, calculated with 95% confidence interval, 10% margin of error and 5% level of significance. It was done by using formula; n=Zs (p)(1-p)/d2 by using consecutive, non-probability sampling technique. After IRB approval all neonates meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study after seeking informed consent from parents and relevant data was collected on the predesigned proforma. Results: Among 300 neonates included in final study 42% had mild hyponatremia and 58% had moderate-severe hyponatremia. Risk of severe hyponatremia were GA 28-32+6 weeks, IUGR and APGAR-5<7. PIH increased the risk of chronic hyponatremia. Conclusion: In our study population 58% neonates had moderate to severe hyponatremia. Among 73.1% neonates born at GA 28-32+6 had moderate to severe hyponatremia. APGAR-5 of <7 and IUGR increases the risk of moderate-severe hyponatremia by 42374 and 200 times respectively. Whereas maternal PIH is associated with increased risk of chronic hyponatremia.
Empathy Levels of Dental Undergraduate Towards Their Patients During Practice – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rehman Atiq Ur , Muhammad Niaz , Afzal Muhammad , Anwaar Ali , Ahmad Fareed , Rana Adeel Ijaz
Published: May 2024

Background: Empathy in dental practice is pivotal for establishing trust, enhancing patient satisfaction, and promoting overall well-being. Objective: To assess the empathy levels of dental undergraduate towards their patients during practice. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of Prosthodontics, CMH Lahore Medical College. Duration: From December 2022 to May 2023. Methods: Total 225 dental undergraduates currently enrolled in a dental program and students those actively engaged in clinical practice or patient interactions during the study period were included in this study. Patients with a history of behavioral or mental health conditions that may significantly impact empathy levels were excluded from study. Empathy levels were assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Healthcare Providers Version (JSE-HP), a widely recognized and validated instrument for measuring empathy in healthcare professionals. Results: The patients had a mean age of 23.5±3.1 years. The age range varied from 24 to 34 years. In terms of gender distribution, 57.8% were male, while 42.2% were female. Regarding the participant’s year of under graduation the majority were distributed across different years like 26.7% in the 1st year, 31.1% in the 2nd year, 24.4% in the 3rd year, and 17.8% in the 4th year. Among the undergraduate participants, 37.77% fell into the category of Moderate Empathy (JSE scores between 70 and 79), with a mean empathy score of 77.5 ± 6.3. The High Empathy category (JSE scores between 80 and 89) comprised 46.66% of the participants, and their mean empathy score was 82.3 ± 5.7. The quantitative data from the JSE-HP were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 23.0. Conclusion: The study revealed a decline in the mean empathy scores (JSE–HPS) among dentistry students as students advance through the years of their dental education. Highlighting the importance of empathy in the dentistry curriculum is essential for strengthening the bond between dentists and patients, which in turn leads to better treatment results.
Gingival Health after Surgical Exposure of Impacted Maxillary Canines with Orthodontic Traction
Authors: Nazir Samar , Haider Muhammad Usman , Khan Muhammad Athar , Khan Nousheen , Hameed Marij , Bajwa Asfa
Published: May 2024

Background: Impaction of the maxillary canines is a common clinical issue. Canine impaction may develop from a localized, systemic, or hereditary source. Interdisciplinary approaches are frequently necessary for the treatment of impacted maxillary canines. Objective: This study's objectives were to describe a surgical technique for surgically revealing a labially affected maxillary canine, elaborate on how to take care of soft tissue to promote aesthetic results, and evaluate periodontal health following the procedure. Study Design: Prospective study. Settings: CIMS institute of Medical Sciences. Duration: 24 months. Methods: A total of 53 patients who had orthodontic treatment as well as surgical exposure treatment for a unilaterally labially impacted maxillary canine were included. There was no history of periodontal disease or periodontal collapse in any of the individuals. Informed consent was gained from each patient after thorough explanations of the ambitions, potential advantages, and potential dangers of this clinical study were given to all patients. All cases' gingival health was evaluated following the conclusion of fixed orthodontic treatment. Results: There were majority 35 (66.03%) females and 18 (43.97%) males among all cases. 17 (32.1%) cases were aged between 16-20 years, 15 (28.3%) patients had age 21-25 years and 21 (39.6%) cases had age 26-30 years. On the first postoperative day, only 6 patients (13.3%) complained of minor pain, and only 2 patients complained of visible edema and inflammation in 1 patient. Four patients had gingival scars visible. In general, gingival index values were 0.39. By visual inspection or periodontal probing, significant pathologic periodontal illnesses were not found. Conclusion: We found in this study that the maintenance of dental follicles encourages soft tissue management following combined surgery and orthodontics procedures for labially impacted maxillary canines to improve periodontal health.
Aesthetic Evaluation Post Fibroadenoma Excision with Periareolar Incision
Authors: Khanzada Iqra , Khatoon Shahida , Memon Zahid Ali , Dal Nawaz Ali , Khatti Shahnawaz , Akbar Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Fibroadenomas, benign breast tumors, often necessitate surgical excision for diagnostic confirmation and symptom relief. The periareolar incision technique has gained popularity due to its ability to provide access for tumor excision while minimizing visible scarring and preserving breast aesthetics. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the cosmetic results following fibroadenoma removal via periareolar incision. Study Design: Prospective, observational study. Settings: Department of Surgery - Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad Pakistan. Duration: Three years from 2017 to 2020. Methods: The study included women aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of fibroadenoma through imaging and biopsy, who were scheduled for fibroadenoma excision using a periareolar incision technique. All patients underwent excision of the fibroadenoma using the periareolar incision method. Dissection was carefully performed to access the fibroadenoma while minimizing disruption to surrounding tissues. The fibroadenoma was excised with precision to minimize trauma to adjacent structures. Aesthetic assessment was conducted using a scoring system ranging from 1 to 4, with patients providing subjective ratings of their cosmetic outcomes. Data collection was done through a specially designed proforma. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.76 years, with a standard deviation of 5.51 years. The majority of patients, comprising 45.10%, reported perceiving a good aesthetic outcome during their final follow-up, indicating almost complete satisfaction. Additionally, 43.70% of patients perceived the outcome as fair, expressing partial satisfaction. Conversely, 11.30% of patients perceived the outcome as poor, reflecting dissatisfaction. The p-values for both age group and residence are above 0.05, indicating that there is no statistically significant relationship between these factors and aesthetic condition. Conclusion: The use of periareolar incision for excising fibroadenomas shows promising potential for favorable outcomes. The aesthetic acceptance of the surgical results was generally perceived as good. Rare instances of unfavorable outcomes were associated with factors such as incision extension.
Prevalence of Hearing Loss Associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Khan Nadia , Ikram Aamir , Akaash Haitham , Ahmad Zahid Mahmood , Tahir Muhammad , Fareed Ghulam
Published: May 2024

Background: The relationship between hearing loss and metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, has emerged as a critical research focus. The intricate interplay between these systemic conditions and auditory health poses significant implications for global public health, warranting comprehensive exploration and intervention strategies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss associated with diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of ENT, CMH, Multan Pakistan. Duration: From November 2022 to April 2023. Methods: Total 153 adult patients aged 18 years and above of either gender with known history of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia although without a history of pre-existing auditory disorders, congenital hearing impairment, or any other systemic conditions known to affect hearing were included. Patients with a history of known auditory disorders, pre-existing hearing impairment, or other systemic conditions such as autoimmune diseases or neurodegenerative disorders affecting hearing were excluded. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before their inclusion in the study. Fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of metabolic parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.2 ± 8.7 years. Gender distribution revealed that 78 patients (51%) were male, while 75(49%) were female. Of the total patients, 27 (18%) had hearing loss, while the majority, 126(82%), had normal hearing. Mild hearing loss was identified in 15(10%), moderate hearing loss in 8(5%), and severe hearing loss in 4(3%) patients. Regarding the type of hearing loss, sensorineural impairment was the most common, affecting 20(13%), followed by conductive hearing loss in 5(3%), and mixed hearing loss in 2(1%) patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss associated with diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia underscores the multifaceted nature of health conditions and their impact on sensory functions.
Epidemiological Trends in Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Frequency: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Moeed Khalida , Ahmad Waqar , Haris Muhammad , Muzadar Saadia , Wazir Noman Ullah , Imran Shazia
Published: May 2024

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represents a common congenital anomaly characterized by incomplete fusion of facial structures during embryonic development. Objective: To assess the epidemiological trends in cleft lip and cleft palate frequency: an analytical perspective. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Settings: Department of Anatomy, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan. Duration: From October 2022 to March 2023. Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with cleft lips, cleft palate, or both, who presented to the hospital. Medical records of both pediatric and adult patients were reviewed to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and associated factors. Anatomical perspectives were assessed through clinical examination and imaging studies such as photographs and radiographs. Results: The mean age of the study population was 18.5±5.12 years. In terms of gender, males constituted 60.0% of the population, while females accounted for 40.0%. The distribution of cleft types among the study population revealed that 60% (n=105) were diagnosed with cleft lip only, while 25.7% (n=45) presented with cleft palate only. Additionally, 14.3% (n=25) of individuals had both cleft lip and palate. The anatomical description of clefts among the study population was as follows: For cleft lip, 40% (n=70) were classified as mild, 35% (n=61) as moderate, and 25% (n=44) as severe, indicating a varied spectrum of severity in lip involvement. Regarding cleft palate, 60% (n=105) were categorized as incomplete, while 40% (n=70) were classified as complete, reflecting the predominance of incomplete palatal clefts in the sample. In terms of cleft distribution, 55% (n=96) of cases were unilateral, 35% (n=61) were bilateral, and 10% (n=18) were midline, indicating diverse patterns of cleft distribution observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study contributes to the understanding of the anatomical variations and distributions of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) within our population, emphasizing the spectrum of severity and patterns of cleft involvement.
Assessing Methylprednisolone Acetate Injection Adjunct to Casting Versus Casting Alone in De-Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Management: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shafi Muhammad Kamran , Khan Muhammad Zeb , Rana Saad Sultan , Awan Malik Mohammad Yasin , Kashmiri Muhammad Nadeem , Bilal Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a prevalent source of wrist pain that results in impaired function of the affected hand. Objective: To assess the efficacy of methylprednisolone acetate injection adjunct to casting versus casting alone in de-quervain’s tenosynovitis management. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trail. Settings: Department of Orthopedic Nishtar Hospital, Multan Pakistan. Duration: From Nov 2022 to April 2023. Methods: Our study enrolled patients of both genders, aged between 30 to 50 years, who presented with De Quervain’s disease, diagnosed based on operational definitions. Subsequently, these patients were randomly allocated into two groups using a lottery approach. In our study, we divided participants into two groups, Group A: Consisting of 40 cases, participants received treatment with a Thumb Spica cast along with Methylprednisolone acetate injection. Group B: Also comprising 40 cases, participants were treated solely with a Thumb Spica cast without additional medication. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 30 to 50 years, with a mean age of 37.16±5.15 years. The study group comprised 23 male patients, representing 28.8% of the total, and 57 female patients, representing 71.2% of the total. The male to female ratio was 1:2.5. The initial pain VAS score ranged from 1 to 10, with a mean of 5.25±2.40. The rate of successful therapy was markedly greater in patients who had a thumb spica cast combined with an injection of methylprednisolone acetate (85.0% vs. 37.5%; p=0.000) compared to those who only received a thumb spica cast. Conclusion: Patients treated with thumb spica cast along with methylprednisolone acetate injection had a considerably greater success rate of 85.0% compared to 37.5% in patients treatment with thumb spica cast alone (p=0.000). This discrepancy was notable in all age groups, genders, and baseline pain severity categories.
Exploring Unexpected Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities in Dental CBCT Scans
Authors: Manzoor Usman , Saif Sarmad Ur , Shoaib Muhammad , Khalid Basil , Muddassar Muhammad , Farooq Ali
Published: May 2024

Background: Incidental maxillary sinus pathologies refer to unexpected findings of abnormalities within the maxillary sinuses discovered during routine dental imaging examinations. Objective: To determine the frequency of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in dental patients on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of Dentistry Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan Pakistan. Duration: From August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: This study included 132 adult patients presenting with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images for dental assessment. Exclusion criteria comprised maxillofacial trauma, previous surgery, or congenital anomalies. Patient demographics and radiographic findings were recorded, with two radiologists independently assessing CBCT images for incidental maxillary sinus pathologies. Descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses were performed in SPSS. Results: The mean age was 46.3±10.2 years. In gender distribution, 60 patients (45.5%) were male, while 72 patients (54.5%) were females. The overall prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies was present in 75 cases, accounting for 56.81% of the total. Among the pathologic findings, mucous retention cysts were the most common, present in 35 patients (63.6%), followed by polyps in 15 patients (27.3%), sinusitis in 10 patients (18.2%), and anatomical variations in 20 patients (36.4%). Conclusion: The study identified an overall prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in 56.81% of the dental patient population, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive evaluation during routine dental assessments.
Evaluation of Nitazoxanide versus Metronidazole in Pediatric Giardia lamblia-Induced Diarrhea: A Comparative Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Najeeb Sara , Shah Muhammad Kaleem Raza , Jamil Muhammad Shahid , Iftikhar Nosheen , Sultan Allah Nawaz
Published: May 2024

Background: The choice between shorter-duration Nitazoxanide and longer-duration Metronidazole regimens for treating Giardia lamblia-induced diarrhea in children requires careful consideration of efficacy, safety, and treatment adherence. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of a 3-day treatment regimen with Nitazoxanide to a 5-day treatment regimen with Metronidazole in children with diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Settings: Department of Paediatric, Shahida Islam Medical College, Lodhran Pakistan. Duration: From 1st September, 2022 to February 2023. Methods: Pediatric patients aged 1 to 12 years diagnosed with diarrhea attributed to Giardia lamblia infection. Exclusion criteria were children suffering from chronic gastrointestinal diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, or those who had undergone anti-parasitic medication in the last month. Subjects were randomised to one of two treatment groups in a random manner: Nitazoxanide Group: The patients were administered a 3-day regimen of Nitazoxanide at a dosage of 15 mg/kg/day, split into two separate doses. Metronidazole Group: Patients were administered a 5-day regimen of Metronidazole at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day, which was divided into three equal doses. The primary outcome measure was the resolution of diarrhea, assessed by the absence of loose or watery stools for at least 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to compare outcomes between the two treatment groups. Results: The mean age of patients in the Nitazoxanide group was 6.7 ± 2.3 years, while in the Metronidazole group, it was slightly lower at 6.3±2.1 years. In terms of gender distribution, there were 40 males (53.3%) and 35 females (46.7%) in the Nitazoxanide group, whereas in the Metronidazole group, there were 35 males (46.7%) and 40 females (53.3%). In the Nitazoxanide group, 90% of patients achieved resolution, with 68 patients. In contrast, 85% of patients in the Metronidazole group had resolved diarrhea, totaling 64 patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study found comparable efficacy between nitazoxanide and metronidazole for treating Giardia lamblia-induced diarrhea with 95% parasite clearance in nitazoxanide and 90% in metronidazole. However, nitazoxanide exhibits superior parasite clearance, suggesting its potential as a promising alternative in pediatric clinical practice.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Organizational Citisenship Behavior Pada Pegawai Kantor Pengadilan Negeri Mataram
Authors: Haryati Putri , Suryatni Mukmin , Sakti Dwi Putra Buana
Published: May 2024

This research is entitled the influence of organizational culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Mataram District Court office employees. Aims to determine the influence of organizational culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior. The type of research used is causal associative research with a quantitative approach. The data collection method used is the census method. The population and respondents in the research were 83 employees of the Mataram District Court office. The analytical tool used is Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS versions 25 and 26. The results of the analysis show that: (1) organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (2) organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (3) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior
Javanese Language Lesson at School as a Form of Strengthening Cultural Identity in Yogyakarta
Authors: Astri Wulandari  , Nurdiati Rosalia Prismarini
Published: May 2024

Culture and communication are concepts that are closely related to human life because culture can be connected with all variables when humans establish interpersonal relationships with different individuals. Cultural identity is a communicative process of an individual to build and negotiate cultural background in a certain contexts, situations, topics and relationships as part of his identity in a cultural group. This research will look at strengthening cultural identity through Javanese language lessons in Yogyakarta. Qualitative methods were used in this study using in-depth interview techniques with the head of the subject teacher deliberation who was also one of the Javanese language teachers at Yogyakarta 5 State Junior High School. Based on the results of observations and interviews, Javanese language subjects as local content lessons must be able to become a forum for preserving and strengthening local wisdom in accordance with the Regulation of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 64 of 2013 which states that Javanese is a regional language used by the Javanese community as a means of communication. Functionally, Javanese language subjects are also mandatory for all schools in Yogyakarta. The Javanese language also functions as an ethical, aesthetic, moral, spiritual and character education value, and the last is for students to be able to communicate with good and correct ethics and grammar, use the Javanese language as a means of communication and regional identity, improve intellectual abilities, and refine manners.