bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sacrifice as One
Authors: Balberg Mira
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the rabbinic construction of a taxonomy of “congregational offerings” as opposed to “individual offerings,” and the rabbis’ use of this taxonomy to create a clear sacrificial hierarchy, guided by a collectivistic ideology. While the distinction between individual and congregational offerings has its roots in the Hebrew Bible, the rabbis present a novel interpretation of this distinction by prohibiting any kind of private funding for congregational offerings. They insist that congregational offerings must be attained strictly and exclusively through the half-shekel tribute to the temple that each member of the community must pay annually. Congregational sacrifices are thus portrayed in rabbinic texts as expressions of a unified, collective agency of the people as a whole, and their portrayal as such serves both to reject the prevalent Hellenistic and Roman model of euergetism (that is, benefactions of wealthy individuals) and to paint an idyllic picture of religious and social solidarity.
Conclusion
Authors: Balberg Mira
Published: May 2018

The conclusion builds on the analyses presented in the book’s chapters to integrate the rabbinic sacrificial corpus into the trans-religious and trans-regional story of the gradual decline and ultimate demise of sacrifice in the course of the first Millennium C.E. It argues that a serious consideration of this corpus allows us to identify important correspondences between rabbinic ideas and developments and contemporaneous Greek, Roman, and early Christian ideas and developments, and that these correspondences go well beyond the paradigm of “substitution” according to which sacrifices were progressively replaced with alternative forms of worship. The conclusion shows that the discursive persistence of sacrifice in Jewish literature and art despite the inapplicability of sacrificial practice to the audience’s lives, the elaborate theory of sacrifice that the rabbis construct in defiance of earlier biblical precepts, and the utilization of sacrifice in creating an idealized public religion, are all manners in which the rabbis participate in, contribute to, and appropriate existing ancient and late ancient conversations on sacrifice.
Health
Authors: Kramm Robert
Published: May 2018

Bio-political regulation and its limits is the major topic of chapter 3, addressing intimacy and the transnational circulation of knowledge in the control of venereal disease. Two major regulatory tools implemented by the occupiers are at the center of this chapter: venereal disease contact tracing and prophylactic stations. Their analysis uncovers that the contact tracing system, although medically ineffective, helped the occupiers to measure, quantify, and map occupied Japan and its people—and simultaneously to maintain their internal color line by distinguishing venereal infection rates between white and black servicemen. Prophylactic stations, in which servicemen were compelled to clean and protect themselves after sexual exposure, enable insights into the most private spaces of servicemen’s lives.
Morale
Authors: Kramm Robert
Published: May 2018

The global legacy of moral reform, its intersection with social hygienic knowledge, and its impact on the Cold War is the main theme of chapter 4. It analyzes sex education and character-guidance programs, a terrain in which moral reformers and social hygienists clashed but occasionally also cooperated, which incorporated specific ideals of masculinity, middle-class family values, and white community building that American Cold War ideology popularized and military educators propagated to occupation personnel. Secondly, chapter 4 discusses morality concerning sexuality and prostitution among Japanese contemporaries. Moral debates focused especially on the streetwalking prostitute, embodied by the panpan girl. She became a famous symbol, who vividly represented the revolutionary changes of democratizing Japan but was also perceived as incarnation of moral and social decay.
The Inventions of China
Authors: Luk Sharon
Published: May 2018

Chapter One first elaborates the significance of letters to constitute racial capitalism and dominant forms of nation, state, and empire on both sides of the East Asian and North American Pacific. As battles over international infrastructures of letter conveyance and circulation mediated global wars to secure territorial domination, the practice of letter writing itself also played a central role in these struggles: serving as the standard medium of both government and business administration throughout the modernizing world as well as the primary mode of training modern subjectivity and proper citizenship. In this context, and amidst the globalization of colonial and civil warfare, this chapter examines how engagements with paper, print, and postal technologies thus significantly shaped forms of both U.S. white supremacist and incipient Chinese nationalisms as well as evolving forms of Chinese and U.S. imperialisms in this period.
“Detained Alien Enemy Mail: Examined”
Authors: Luk Sharon
Published: May 2018

Chapter Three investigates systematic efforts to dismantle Japanese diasporic communities living on the U.S. West coast alongside the broader emergence of a U.S. wartime security or surveillance state. This chapter explores the expansion of infrastructures to control the limits of human knowledge and information, as it occurred through two interlocked and evolving movements: first, intensified experiments with mass incarceration as dominant mode of organizing public life and culture; and second, the transforming production of racial distinction through conflated languages of geopolitics and nation-state citizenship, culture or ethnicity, and moral affect. In particular, Chapter Three elaborates these movements as they unfolded within a longer history of U.S. warfare in the East Asian Pacific and as they established the physical, administrative, discursive, and subjective forms of censorship conditioning the life of paper for the “Interned.”
Ephemeral Value and Disused Commodities
Authors: Luk Sharon
Published: May 2018

Chapter Five clarifies theoretically the overlaps and distinctions between problematizing contemporary mass incarceration in terms of capitalist production, on the one hand, and in terms of social reproduction, on the other. Greater precision in this regard opens out the question rather than assumption of “racial” significance and signification today, specifically with reference to the “prison industrial complex” as a process of genocide—systematic extermination through arrested life and social incapacitation. Chapter Five concludes by examining the manipulation of prison mail in acts of retaliation and torture: wherein punishment does not operate primarily to discipline a labor force but to deaden those who refuse to be neutralized. Considering the letter as sign of living potential in this context, this chapter ultimately views the violence it magnetizes not as the negation but as the most apparent “evidence” of the letter’s social force.
Advances in adrenal tumors 2018
Authors: Crona J , Beuschlein F , Pacak K , Skogseid B
Published: May 2018

This review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a condensed update on the most important studies in the field during 2017. We present the academic output measured by active clinical trials and peer-reviewed published manuscripts. The most important and contributory manuscripts were summarized for each diagnostic entity, with a particular focus on manuscripts that describe translational research that have the potential to improve clinical care. Finally, we highlight the importance of collaborations in adrenal tumor research, which allowed for these recent advances and provide structures for future success in this scientific field.
Limited Mutation-Rate Variation Within the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex
Authors: Long Hongan , Doak Thomas G , Lynch Michael
Published: May 2018

Mutation is one of the most fundamental evolutionary forces. Studying variation in the mutation rate within and among closely-related species can help reveal mechanisms of genome divergence, but such variation is unstudied in the vast majority of organisms. Previous studies on ciliated protozoa have found extremely low mutation rates. In this study, using mutation-accumulation techniques combined with deep whole-genome sequencing, we explore the germline base-substitution mutation-rate variation of three cryptic species in the Paramecium aurelia species complex—P. biaurelia, P. sexaurelia, and P. tetraurelia. We find that there is extremely limited variation of the mutation rate and spectrum in the three species and confirm the extremely low mutation rate of ciliates.
Repeated Selection of Alternatively Adapted Haplotypes Creates Sweeping Genomic Remodeling in Stickleback
Authors: Bassham Susan , Catchen Julian , Lescak Emily , von Hippel Frank A , Cresko William A
Published: May 2018

After the catastrophic 1964 Alaskan earthquake, marine stickleback colonized newly created ponds on seismically uplifted islands. Bassham and Catchen et al. show that, in replicate populations, as much as a quarter...

Heterogeneous genetic divergence can accumulate across the genome when populations adapt to different habitats while still exchanging alleles. How long does diversification take and how much of the genome is affected? When divergence occurs in parallel from standing genetic variation, how often are the same haplotypes involved? We explore these questions using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing genotyping data and show that broad-scale genomic repatterning, fueled by copious standing variation, can emerge in just dozens of generations in replicate natural populations of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). After the catastrophic 1964 Alaskan earthquake, marine stickleback colonized newly created ponds on seismically uplifted islands. We find that freshwater fish in these young ponds differ from their marine ancestors across the same genomic segments previously shown to have diverged in much older lake populations. Outside of these core divergent regions the genome shows no population structure across the ocean–freshwater divide, consistent with strong local selection acting in alternative environments on stickleback populations still connected by significant gene flow. Reinforcing this inference, a majority of divergent haplotypes that are at high frequency in ponds are detectable in the sea, even across great geographic distances. Building upon previous population genomics work in this model species, our data suggest that a long history of divergent selection and gene flow among stickleback populations in oceanic and freshwater habitats has maintained polymorphisms of alternatively adapted DNA sequences that facilitate parallel evolution.
Surgical outcomes for lumbar spinal canal stenosis in elderly patients
Authors: Mirzashahi Babak , Aghajani Mohammad , Mirbazegh Fatemeh , Zebardast Jayran , Ghasemi Elham
Published: May 2018

Purpose of the study: To understand surgical outcomes, based on standardized tools, after surgery of lumbar spinal canal stenosis in patients aged 65 years and older.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 58 elderly patients before and after surgery. Demographic data, procedures, perioperative comorbidities, preoperative and postoperative pain intensity, primary activities of daily living, quality of life, and fear avoidance were collected at baseline. All patients were followed up to 6 and 12 months after operation.

Results: Following surgery, there was a significant reduction in the VAS scale (for pain severity) and fear avoidance beliefs (FAB) questionnaire scale (P<0.001), and a significant increase in the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) index and the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), which assesses functional independence) (P<0.001).

Implication: The present study suggests that surgery in elderly patients is effective for the treatment of spinal stenosis, in those patients who did not respond well to conservative treatment.
Maestros y profesores en la Costa Rica del período 1923 - 1933: Tres bases de datos.
Authors: Molina Jiménez Iván
Published: May 2018

Maestros y profesores en la Costa Rica del período 1923 - 1933: Tres bases de datos. Por Iván Molina Jiménez
Risk mitigation in translator decisions
Authors: Pym Anthony , Matsushita Kayo
Published: May 2018

The translator’s risk management while translating can involve several general dispositions, of which risk taking, risk avoidance, and risk transfer have been modeled previously (Pym 2015). In this paper we propose a fourth type of disposition, risk mitigation, which was identified by Matsushita (2016) through empirical research based on Pym’s model. Risk mitigation is a disposition where the translator incurs one kind of risk in order to reduce another. Analyzing authentic examples in multiple languages, we ask whether mitigation is fundamentally different from the other three types, whether it involves a specific restriction on how much effort should rationally be invested by the translator, and whether a general logic of trade-offs is applicable. We further propose that mitigation correlates with factors both on the production side of the translator’s discourse, where it enhances translatorial visibility, and on the reception side, where it can respond to imprecise identification of the target public.
Results of PACTE group’s experimental research on translation competence acquisition. The acquisition of the instrumental sub-competence
Authors: Kuznik Anna , Olalla-Soler Christian
Published: May 2018

During the second decade of the twenty-first century, documentation in electronic format has come to form a normal part of the workplace for all professional translators. The aim of this article is to present the results of the acquisition of the instrumental sub-competence, which is based on the use of electronic resources. These results are part of empirical-experimental research carried out by the PACTE group on Translation Competence Acquisition. In this study, the evolution of the acquisition of this sub-competence for five groups of translation students, from the first year of their degree course to their entry into the labour market, was measured using a methodological design that simulates a longitudinal study. The experiment was carried out in 2011 with 130 students on the Translation and Interpreting degree course. Five indicators related to the direct and inverse translation processes are analysed: number of resources, time taken on searches, time taken on searches at each stage, number and variety of searches. These indicators are then correlated with the quality of the final product of the translation process: translation acceptability. The results produced by the translation students are compared with those obtained in the Translation Competence experiment, carried out by the PACTE group in 2005−2006 with 35 professional translators.1
A preliminary scale for assessing translators’ self-efficacy
Authors: Bolaños-Medina Alicia , Núñez Juan L.
Published: May 2018

Although applied self-efficacy research currently offers some promising avenues of study for Translatology (Jiménez Ivars and Pinazo Calatayud 2001; Atkinson 2012; Bolaños-Medina 2014), no specific translation self-efficacy scale (TSE) with adequate psychometric properties has been devised until now. The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to develop a scale for assessing translators’ self-efficacy following the recommended standard guidelines (Bandura 2006) and a rigorous statistical testing process which will allow us to determine its factor structure and psychometric properties in undergraduate students (n = 74). On the other hand, by doing so, we will also illustrate the process of developing psychometric instruments specifically designed for cognitive, empirical-experimental research in Translatology, in order to promote more efforts in this direction within our discipline. A conceptual analysis of the relevant domain of functioning was performed and a preliminary pool of 52 items was initially suggested, and later refined into 20. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, descriptive statistics and distributions of the items were obtained. Next, the internal consistency and the concurrent validity of TSE’s five subscales were evaluated. The results indicate that TSE shows adequate levels of reliability and validity, and support its five-factor structure.
Secondary sample corpora in contrastive linguistics and translation studies
Authors: Sánchez Nieto María Teresa
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to show that conceptualizing and defining those subsets of data that the researcher extracts from an online searchable corpus constitutes a step forward towards more methodological transparency, especially in those settings where researchers do not build their own corpora, but use those that can be searched online. To that end, in Section 2 a succinct typology of online searchable corpora for the study of language-pair related or translation-related phenomena will be drawn. In Section 3, the concept of secondary sample corpus will be put forward, which, in turn, will shed new light on the status of web-based parallel (and parallelized) corpora. Section 4 will be devoted to general methodological requirements and to requirements of the quantitative approach as the main – but not the only – approach shaping the research work in the fields of Corpusbased Descriptive Translation Studies and Corpus-based Contrastive Linguistics; the focus will lie on issues of replicability, comparability, availability and usability. In Section 5, some brief conclusions will be drawn.
Juventude na América Latina e no Caribe. Imaginários, tendências e questões críticas
Authors: Quapper Klaudio Duarte
Published: May 2018

a ideia presente neste texto defende que a construção social da juventude e do juvenil é condicionada pelos imaginários sobre a juventude que reproduzimos na sociedade. Dessa forma certas elaborações limitam a profundidade e o dinamismo de leituras das realidades juvenis, bem como os modos de conexão que estabelecemos com eles. A leitura popular da Bíblia por aqueles que se relacionam com as comunidades de jovens é influenciada por esses imaginários. Por isso é relevante colocá-las em evidência e criticá-las para mostrar algumas tendências que atualmente ocorrem nas dinâmicas juvenis na região e favorecer questionamentos críticos que contribuam com sua transformação para novas epistemologias, como também para relações geracionais libertadoras. Este artigo é um ensaio que sistematiza um conjunto de seminários de análise sociopolítica, realizados com jovens de diferentes países da região nos últimos cinco anos.
Conversão pentecostal de membros de gangues: Construção de masculinidades não violentas em contextos pentecostais
Authors: Dollinger Angel Eduardo Román-López
Published: May 2018

em contextos masculinos extremamente violentos, como as gangues juvenis guatemaltecos, as comunidades de base pentecostais oferecem aos jovens membros de gangues alternativas interessantes para sair da violência. Refletir biblicamente e teologicamente sobre o impacto dessas alternativas pode ajudar a igreja a enfrentar os desafios pastorais de construir masculinidades alternativas em contextos de violência.
Interpretação bíblica em comunidades de fé virtuais
Authors: Rodríguez Ana María
Published: May 2018

este artigo apresenta uma análise de como as relações se transformaram nas comunidades cristãs atuais graças à internet e às redes sociais e como a mudança nessas relações modificou a hermenêutica bíblica, simplificando seu conteúdo e alcançando mais pessoas através de imagens e memes.
Levítico 19, 9-13: uma proposta contestatória ao sistema social capitalista e sua proposta de ser humano no mundo
Authors: Lara Flor Elizabeth Borda
Published: May 2018

O tema abordado neste artigo é uma aproximação entre Lv 19,9-13 e o mandamento de Yahweh “sejam santos”, levando em conta Lv 19,1-2, a fim de iluminar um tempo em que a indiferença pelo outro, “os anawin de nossos tempos”, é marcado pela proposta de homem que defende o sistema capitalista, que a partir de seus principios reforça a condenação da vida e a aprovação de qualquer ato que torne possível o poder sobre o outro.
Znaczenie rozsądku i umiaru w życiu jednostki i społeczeństwa
Authors: Żardecka Magdalena
Published: May 2018

Artykuł rozpoczyna się od rozważań natury ogólnej na temat pojęcia cnoty oraz etyki cnót. Następnie omówione są dwie podstawowe cnoty etyczne – umiar i rozsądek – w wersjach typowych dla filozofii antycznej oraz myśli chrześcijańskiej. W kolejnej odsłonie ukazany jest rozsądek jako mądrość tragiczna, o której poucza nas antyczna tragedia, po czym prezentowana jest współczesność jako okresu kryzysu etyki cnót. Wskazuje się na kilka możliwych źródeł tego kryzysu. Skutkiem kryzysu jest triumf kultury konsumpcyjnej. Można powiedzieć, że zatomizowane, schorowane społeczeństwo i osamotniona, infantylna jednostka cierpią na chroniczny brak rozsądku i umiaru. W zakończeniu formułuje się wniosek, że remedium na tę dolegliwość może być sztuka, która porusza umysły i serca i dociera do licznych odbiorców, w szczególności zaś poezja, która jest w stanie skutecznie doprowadzić do konwersji naszego spojrzenia na życie.
Umiar i rozsądek jako cnoty efektywnego altruisty
Authors: Synowiec Jakub
Published: May 2018

W artykule została podjęta próba zrekonstruowania znaczenia cnót umiarkowania i rozsądku dla powstania ruchu filozoficzno­‑społecznego: Efektywnego Altruizmu i praktyki życia efektywnych altruistów w oparciu o publikacje jego kluczowych przedstawicieli: Petera Singera i Williama MacAskilla. W pierwszej części artykułu krótko referuję genezę i filozoficzne podstawy Efektywnego Altruizmu. Następnie staram się określić rolę rozsądku i umiarkowania w teoretycznych rozważaniach nad efektywnym altruizmem oraz w praktyce życia osób utożsamiających się z ruchem, w odniesieniu do rozumienia tych cnót zaprezentowanego przez Arystotelesa. Przedstawione rozumowanie wspiera tezę, że cnoty te mają kluczowe znaczenie dla praktyki codziennego życia efektywnych altruistów. Ostatnia część koncentruje się wokół spostrzeżenia, że Efektywny Altruizm może być w pewnym sensie alternatywą dla postawy konsumpcjonistycznej i przyczynić się do rehabilitacji tytułowych cnót w życiu publicznym.
Reasoning and Moderation as Principles of International Humanitarian Law (Part 1)
Authors: Baran Magdalena M.
Published: May 2018

Myślenie o wojnie oznacza stawianie czoła ideom i teoriom znacznie odmiennym od tych, które napotykamy w codziennym życiu. Nawet dobrze znane koncepcje wymagają redefinicji. Pośród idei, które możemy uznać za intelektualne narzędzia wojny, należy wskazać dwie zasadnicze, towarzyszące każdemu rozważaniu o wojnie jako takiej. Są to umiar i rozsądek. Obie powinny być obecne w myśleniu o wojnie, niezależnie od tego, czy analizie poddawany jest jej polityczny, prawny, etyczny czy ludzki wymiar; i z drugiej strony niezależnie od tego, czy rozważamy jej znaczenie dla całej wspólnoty czy dla życia/losu jednostki. Przedłożona tu pierwsza część artykułu skupia się na teoretycznych rozważaniach, podczas gdy dalsze analizy będą wskazywały na konsekwencje, jakie myślenie w duchu umiaru i rozsądku wnosi do prawa dotyczącego konfliktów zbrojnych.
Evaluation of Wheat Flour Dough Rheological Properties by Magnesium Lactate Salt Addition
Authors: CODINĂ Georgiana Gabriela , ZAHARIA Dumitru , MIRONEASA Silvia , ROPCIUC Sorina
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the magnesium ions from lactate salt at the level of 100, 150 and 200 mg/100g addition on the rheological properties of the wheat flour dough of 550 type. For this purpose, the empirical dough rheological properties were investigated during mixing, pasting and fermentation process by using the Farinograph, Falling Number, Amylograph and Rheofermentometer devices. During mixing dough hydration capacity decreases with the increased level of magnesium ions addition whereas the dough stability and dough development time decreases at low levels of magnesium ions addition and increases at high levels. The temperature at peak viscosity, total CO2 volume production and the total volume of CO2 lost decreases with the increased level of magnesium addition. PCA analysis shows that the wheat flour with 100 mg and 150 mg /100g magnesium ions addition presents a similar behaviour slightly different to those with 200 mg /100g magnesium ions addition (P < 0.05).
White muscle disease in three selenium deficient beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro Martín , Schild Carlos Omar , Cantón Germán José , Riet-Correa Franklin , Armendano Joaquín Ignacio , Caffarena Rubén Darío , Brambilla Emilio César , García Juan Agustín , Morrell Eleonora Lidia , Poppenga Robert , Giannitti Federico
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: White muscle disease (WMD), nutritional myodegeneration or enzootic muscular dystrophy, is a nutritional condition associated with selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency in ruminants. These elements are constituents of the major body antioxidant systems. Depletion of selenium results in oxidative damage to cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, resulting in myodegeneration and myonecrosis, typical lesions of WMD. Selenium deficiency is common in South America, but WMD is underreported. This research describes clinical, biochemical and pathological findings in two episodes of WMD associated with selenium deficiency in beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay with concurrent copper deficiency in one of them, which resulted in spontaneous calf mortality. Further studies are necessary to estimate the true incidence and economic impact of clinical and subclinical mineral deficiencies in livestock production systems in the southern cone of South America.
Mineral supplement with pre- and probiotic improves respiratory immune status in yearling racing Thoroughbred horses: preliminary results
Authors: Michelotto Júnior Pedro Vicente , Barussi Fernanda Cristina Mendes , Bastos Fernanda Zettel , Michelotto Ana Lúcia Lacerda , Weber Saulo Henrique
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: There are evidences of intestinal flora influence on the airway immune response. However, this information is scarce with regard to horses. The present preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercial mineral supplement containing probiotics and prebiotics on the respiratory immune response of horses supplemented with them during the first months of stabling and race training. Twelve TB yearlings were examined at the breeding farm at the beginning of the study (June 2016, henceforth M0) and then reexamined one (July 2016, henceforth M1) and five (November 2016, henceforth M2) months after being stabled at a racetrack in Curitiba, Brazil. Clinical and hematological examinations, airway endoscopy, and tracheal wash (TW) cytology were performed. After the initial examination, horses were randomly divided between the treatment group (TG), which received 10 grams of the supplement daily, and the control group (CG). There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical parameters; in the hematological examination, eosinophil count was lower in the TG in M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.045). Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) improved in the TG during M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.007). However, on the CG, PLH remained unchanged. Relative number of eosinophils in the TW was 86.1% higher in M1 than M0 for the CG; in the TG; however, eosinophils were absent and remained within normal limits until M2. In conclusion, this study revealed a positive influence of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on the respiratory immune response of young TB race horses. Further investigations are recommended.
Identification and selection of non-Saccharomyces strains isolate from brazilian apple must
Authors: Pietrowski Giovana Arruda Moura , Bittencourt Juliana Vitória Messias , Brandão Luciana Rocha , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Alberti Aline , Nogueira Alessandro
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to know the biodiversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in Brazilian apples must with potential to improve of the aromatic quality of ciders. The strains were isolated from thirty-five (35) Gala and Fuji apple musts from different locations from south region of Brazil. Forty-five (45) strains were isolate and identified by PCR analysis. Results indicated ten (10) species: Candida oleophila, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Pichia anomala, Pichia fermentans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The genus Rhodotorula sp., Lodderomyces sp. and Clavispora sp. constituted 71.2% of the strains identified. The following strains, C. oleophila, R. mucilaginosa, P. fermentans, H. uvarum and H. guilliermondii were selected in qualitative tests due the fruity aroma production by trained team in the aromatic assessment of cider.
Labor and Employment in Brazilian Northeastern Agriculture: a look at the 2004-2014 period
Authors: Balsadi Otavio Valentim , DelGrossi Mauro Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The labor market in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture is characterized by many forms of occupation, ranging from the salaried work to the various forms of family work. In a heterogeneous and diverse agriculture, there is a complex labor market, with changes in recent times. Therefore, it is necessary to keep a watchful eye on important structural features. As a result, this paper aims to analyze the main aspects related to work and employment relations in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture in the 2004-2014 period. The sources of information are special tabulations from the National Survey by Household Sample (PNAD), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results pointed to a continuing decline in Northeastern PEA (Economically Active Population) occupied in agriculture, partially offset by the growth of Northeastern rural residents occupied in non-agricultural activities, in addition to the people occupied in self-consumption production. Women and young people were the ones who mostly left the agricultural activities, reinforcing the “ageing” process of the occupied PEA. The crops with the largest reduction in the occupied in agricultural PEA were: cassava, rice, coffee, banana, sugarcane, cocoa, vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, the number of occupied people increased in: corn and grape cultivation, services for agriculture, swine and poultry farming and integrated agricultural and livestock production systems. An increase in schooling of the occupied PEA was registered, though it is still below the national average.
Regionalização da Sober: a experiência do Nordeste
Authors: Vital Tales , Sampaio Yony , Baiardi Amilcar , Lima João Ricardo , Melo André
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a estratégia de descentralização adotada a partir de 2005 pela Coordenação Regional Nordeste da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia Administração e Sociologia Rural (Sober) através da realização de encontros anuais da sociedade em cidades de porte médio de estados do Nordeste. Essa iniciativa teve como propósito a interiorização dessa sociedade científica, cujos efeitos são analisados à luz do método histórico aplicado à gerência de organizações, como caminho para verificar os impactos sobre a organização desse procedimento adotado. Os resultados obtidos indicam efeitos positivos de crescimento da sociedade na região, podendo ser um caminho de melhoria das condições de sustentabilidade dessa organização no País.
Fatores associados a quedas recorrentes em uma coorte de idosos
Authors: Cruz Danielle Teles da , Moreira da Cruz Felipe , Chaoubah Alfredo , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: May 2018

Resumo Introdução Quedas de idosos configuram-se como importante causa de morbimortalidade. Objetivo Verificar a reincidência de quedas e identificar fatores associados a quedas e a quedas recorrentes. Metodologia Estudo de seguimento de 4 anos, por meio de duas ondas de inquérito (2010 e 2014/2015), com uma coorte de 218 idosos, de ambos os sexos e não institucionalizados em Juiz de Fora, MG. Utilizou-se regressão logística multinomial para estimar a associação de cada variável independente com os desfechos analisados. No modelo final foram mantidas as variáveis com p ≤ 0,05. Para cálculo de odds ratio (OR), foi considerado intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados 33,5% das pessoas relataram ter caído no ano anterior ao primeiro inquérito. No segundo inquérito, essa frequência foi de 38,5%. Durante o seguimento, 44,5% não relataram quedas, 39% sofreram queda em pelo menos um dos inquéritos e 16,5% manifestaram ter sofrido queda nas duas ondas. Não foram encontradas associações para queda recorrente. Queda no seguimento associou-se a sexo feminino e idade (71 a 80 anos). Conclusão Os resultados evidenciam e ratificam a magnitude com que quedas e quedas recorrentes atingem a população idosa e apontam para a necessidade de estratégias preventivas a partir da identificação de grupos de riscos.
Prostituição, HIV/Aids e vulnerabilidades: a “cama da casa” e a “cama da rua”
Authors: Sousa Renata Mota Rodrigues Bitu , Frota Myrna Maria Arcanjo , Castro Camila , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Kendall Bernard Carl , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
Published: May 2018

Resumo Introdução Este estudo busca compreender os limites e barreiras associados à prevenção e ao teste de diagnóstico do HIV entre profissionais do sexo feminino. Métodos Foram analisadas as narrativas sobre a relação entre práticas sexuais, prostituição, amor e família, associadas à prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa do Rapid Anthropological Assessment (Avaliação antropológica rápida). A população pesquisada foi de 37 mulheres profissionais do sexo com idade entre 18 e 50 anos de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados A análise apontou que a decisão de realizar ou não o teste anti-HIV está muito mais vinculada à construção subjetiva sobre quem é o parceiro, cliente ou não, do que ao risco de se ter uma relação desprotegida. A compreensão provocou junto às participantes uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de gerenciar seus riscos de modo integral. Conclusão Conclui-se que estudar a produção de sentido pode contribuir para uma maior adesão dessas mulheres a práticas que, ao mesmo tempo, sejam seguras e viáveis, independentemente do parceiro.
Ichthyofauna of the Mamanguape river basin, Northeastern, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira-Silva Leonardo , Ramos Telton Pedro Anselmo , Carvalho-Rocha Yuri Gomes Ponce , Viana Katherine Morais Porto , Avellar Raizze da Costa , Ramos Robson Tamar da Costa
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The Mamanguape River Basin is located in a peripheral semi-arid area of South America, with its headwaters and middle reaches running through the Caatinga (from wetter to drier) and its lower reaches through the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this study was to inventory the fish fauna of the Mamanguape river basin through a comprehensive sampling and to discuss its ichthyofaunal dominance pattern. Sampling was conducted between 2015 and 2016 at 38 points throughout. The main river course was sampled at 18 fixed points during two expeditions (dry and wet seasons) using traw nets, cast nets, and dip nets, with a standardized effort. The tributaries were sampled during the dry season at 20 points using an adaptaptation of the AquaRAP methodology. A total of 32 freshwater fish species belonging to 26 genera, 16 families and six orders were recorded, predominantly from the order Characiformes and the family Characidae. Astyanax fasciatus had widest distribution and greatest abundance in the basin. Siluriformes were the second most prevalent order, with five species recorded. Cichla cf. monoculus, Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus were non-native records for the basin. Apareiodon davisi, an Endangered species, was recorded.
Feeding style of adolescent mothers and complementary feeding practice of their infants
Authors: COSTA Karla Adriana Oliveira da , ANTUNES Margarida Maria de Castro , CABRAL Poliana Coelho , SILVA Giselia Alves Pontes da
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate feeding styles of adolescent mothers and complementary feeding practices of their infants. Methods A cross-sectional study comparing a group of dyads of 50 adolescent mothers (ages 15 to 19) with 62 adult mothers (ages 24 to 44) and their infants (9 to 24 months) was performed. All mothers and infants were assisted by three basic health family units in the city of Recife, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured interview on socioeconomic conditions, maternal styles of feeding the child, and evaluation of infant feeding practices. The food styles were classified as responsive, authoritative, and passive, according to the adapted form of Carvalhaes, Perosa and Silveira of 2009. The frequency of food intake was calculated for six food groups (1. Bread and cereals; 2. Fruits and vegetables; 3. Meat, eggs, and beans; 4. Milk and dairy products; 5. Sugars, sweets, and fats; 6. Industrialized food). Children’s anthropometry and body mass index by age were classified into Z-score according to the World Health Organization Standard Curves, 2006. Results Adolescent mothers began complementary feeding more frequently before the seventh month (.=0,02), presented less responsive (.=0.04) and more authoritarian feeding styles (.=0.01), and their children received more foods with sugars, oils, and fats (.=0.02), and less meat, eggs, and beans (.=0.06) than the children of adult mothers. Conclusion Adolescent mothers adopt less responsive eating styles and offer more inadequate complementary feeding for their infants.
The role of educator in food and nutrition by health professionals in the context of Family Health Care
Authors: CARVALHO-GEBRAN Fernanda Werbicky , VINCHA Kellem Regina Rosendo , CERVATO-MANCUSO Ana Maria
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to understand the role of health professionals in educational groups that have food and nutrition as their theme. Methods Qualitative research was conducted in the city of São Paulo, with professionals from the Family Health Strategy. Interviews were conducted to understand the professionals’ perceptions of the roles played in groups. These were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. The groups’ observations on the performance of the professionals in their mediations were analyzed, based on the following items: meeting organization, communication, support, participation, confirmation of messages, and encouragement to ask questions. Results Twenty-two professionals from different backgrounds were interviewed, and 23 groups of different configurations were observed. The speeches showed that the professionals recognize themselves as organizers, mediators, and evaluators of the groups. Under the topic of organization, teamwork was highlighted. In mediation, there was an assumption of different types of performance that are inserted in conceptions of banking education and dialogical education. In the theme of evaluation, conflict and contradiction arose, pointing out the complexity of approaching a group theme when professionals seek a more horizontal posture with users. Observation of the groups revealed a duality between discourse and professional practice, which is surrounded by contradictions inserted into academic formation and the work process of the teams. Conclusion It was possible to understand the complexity of the practice of professionals when approaching the theme in groups, evidencing the need for spaces of care and for permanent education, especially when regarding professionals who use problematic and active approaches.
Labeling of packaged foods in Brazil: Use of terms such as homemade, traditional, and the like
Authors: MACHADO Priscilla Corrêa Inácio , SANTOS Andréia Martins dos , UGGIONI Paula Lazzarin , FABRI Rafaela Karen , MÜLLER Jéssica
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective The study aimed to shed light on the use of the terms “homemade”, “traditional”, and other similar terms in the front-of-pack labels of industrialized foods. Methods Labels of all packaged foods products (n=5,506) available for sale in a Brazilian supermarket were analyzed. The analysis verified the relative and absolute frequency of terms according to the similarity of expressions and semantics by food groups according to Brazilian regulation (nº 359/2003). A chi-square test identified differences in the total food terms with terms between food groups (.<0.001). Results Of all foods analyzed, 14.1% (n=778) presented the target terms. On the analyzed labels, the age of the brand or product was found more frequently (58.1%, n=495), followed by the terms “traditional” (20.1%, n=175) and “original” (11.0%, n=94). The groups that presented the highest relative frequency were groups I (baking goods) and II (canned vegetables), both with 21.4%. Conclusion The study confirmed the commercialization of packaged foods with terms that refer to a traditional and homemade production with different connotations. The information contained in the labels should be clear and correct to ensure that the consumer can make informed choices. The findings indicate the importance of investigating consumers’ perception of the presence of these terms on labels and clarifying the composition of these foods.
O pêndulo invertido sob diferentes perspectivas
Authors: Luchese Thiago de Cacio
Published: May 2018

Resumo Três diferentes explanações sobre o fenômeno da oscilação invertida de um pêndulo com pivô verticalmente forçado são apresentadas. Duas destas abordagens estão descritas na literatura e uma compilação de resultados é apresentada, enquanto que a terceira visa estimular estudantes a associarem ferramentas matemáticas com a descrição do fenômeno físico observado, em uma busca de quantificá-lo, mesmo que de modo aproximado. A possibilidade de separação em distintas escalas de tempo de um único fenômeno factível em sala de aula torna-se muito nítida, sendo a utilidade e as limitações desse tipo de descrição temporalmente escalonada explicitadas. Ao término da apresentação das diferentes explanações alguns resultados numéricos são comparados com a terceira abordagem, trazendo a realidade atual de investigação científica: as simulações computacionais. Trata-se de uma oportunidade ímpar para estudantes terem contato com ferramentas matemáticas diversas tendo a intuição física guiando suas aplicações.
Gênese do Laboratório de Física da Universidade Federal do Pará
Authors: Crispino Luís Carlos Bassalo , Serra Victor Façanha
Published: May 2018

Resumo Neste artigo tratamos do processo de instalação, composição inicial de equipamentos e capacitação de pessoal do Laboratório de Física da Universidade Federal do Pará, com ênfase nos experimentos recebidos da Alemanha, na década de 1970.
Representación visual y simbólica de la militancia en las campañas electorales de Cristina F. de Kirchner (2007 y 2011) y Dilma Rousseff (2010 y 2014)
Authors: Rivarola Dolores Rocca , Moscovich Nicole Marina
Published: May 2018

Resumen El trabajo se propone interpretar de modo comparativo el lugar visualmente asignado en las campañas electorales de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007 y 2011) y Dilma Rousseff (2010 y 2014) a la militancia oficialista en tanto colectivo movilizado y sustento organizado. Ello, luego de sucesivas campañas que privilegiaron una imagen diferente: la del candidato en un vínculo directo, y sin mediaciones, con la ciudadanía. El material empírico relevado se compone de una selección de spots argentinos y la totalidad de los programas electorales del HGPE (Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral) en Brasil. A partir del análisis cualitativo de contenido de la propaganda electoral, se argumentará una mayor jerarquización visual del colectivo militante en las campañas de 2011 (Argentina) y 2014 (Brasil), respecto de las dos anteriores (2007 y 2010). Y, para el caso brasilero, asimismo, se postula la introducción en la campaña de 2014 de un segundo modo de representación de la militancia, a través de referencias a la trayectoria de Dilma como militante juvenil durante la dictadura militar.
ZONA PORTUÁRIA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: ENTRE AS “CONCHAS VAZIAS” E A POTENCIALIDADE DAS DINÂMICAS CRIATIVAS URBANAS COTIDIANAS
Authors: Herschmann Micael , Fernandes Cíntia Sanmartin
Published: May 2018

Resumo A partir não só de levantamento de matérias veiculadas na mídia tradicional e de dados socioeconômicos do território, mas também de observações de campo, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas (realizadas com lideranças, moradores, autoridades, produtores e frequentadores), buscou-se neste artigo fazer um balanço da situação socioeconômica e cultural após a gentrificação da Zona Portuária. Vale salientar que essa área foi considerada em um determinado momento como uma localidade emblemática e estratégica do projeto que procurava converter a cidade do Rio em uma cidade criativa. Nos últimos anos, nesta microrregião, vem sendo possível identificar dinâmicas de articulação e tensão entre investimentos que visam promover megaeventos espetaculares e pequenos eventos culturais que tradicionalmente ocorriam nesta localidade organizados pelos atores através das redes sociais. Este balanço, que coloca em destaque o valor da música ao vivo como uma riqueza que pode trazer benefícios socioeconômicos para a Zona Portuária e para o Rio, visa avaliar o resultado do aprofundamento da crise econômica do país sobre esse território: com a recessão (especialmente do estado do Rio de Janeiro) e as políticas públicas colocadas em curso, essa área vem sofrendo um processo de perda de vitalidade, lançando dúvidas sobre o futuro do projeto de conversão desta metrópole em uma cidade criativa.
Mapeando as relações de coprodução e codistribuição no cinema brasileiro: uma análise pela ótica da teoria de redes
Authors: Rocha Daniela Torres da , Bonfim Leandro Rodrigo Canto , Citadin Michael William , Gimenez Fernando Antonio Prado
Published: May 2018

Resumo A formação de redes entre empresas e stakeholders do setor de comunicação com os ambientes de interesse da atividade econômica se destaca como tema de interesse na área. Assim, o presente artigo se propõe a mapear e analisar as interações sociais na produção e distribuição cinematográfica no Brasil, apresentando as relações em rede como forma de gestão dos atores econômicos atuantes na indústria brasileira de cinema. Para tanto, foram coletadas informações disponibilizadas no Observatório Brasileiro do Cinema e do Audiovisual sobre os filmes brasileiros lançados entre 1995 a 2015. Como resultado, verificou-se que nesse período foram lançados 1.251 filmes, sendo identificadas 613 produtoras e 218 distribuidoras. Apenas 53 produtoras se envolveram em coproduções e em apenas 137 filmes houve codistribuição. Por meio da análise das medidas estruturais da rede foi possível verificar que o mercado cinematográfico brasileiro é concentrado e possui poucas relações de cooperação.
Disputas sobre performance nos estudos de Comunicação: desafios teóricos, derivas metodológicas
Authors: Amaral Adriana , Soares Thiago , Polivanov Beatriz
Published: May 2018

Resumo O presente artigo discute o termo “performance” nos estudos de Comunicação e mídia a partir de um resgate crítico-teórico do mesmo. Partimos de uma reconstituição conceitual do termo em suas vertentes das Ciências Humanas e Sociais francesa e anglo-saxã para apresentarmos seus desdobramentos no campo comunicacional brasileiro, sobretudo no que tange a temáticas como a música e o entretenimento, os fãs e os sites de redes sociais. Argumentamos que os estudos de performance são relevantes para entender as ações humanas, bem como suas mediações com os corpos, aparatos, ambientes, materialidades e audiências tão corriqueiras no cotidiano da vida contemporânea. Contudo, indicamos a necessidade de rediscussão do conceito para a análise de distintos objetos e ambientes mediados pelas tecnologias de comunicação e apontamos a possibilidade de entender a performance enquanto método de pesquisa.