bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF STORM SURGE CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON TYPHOON PROPERTIES
Authors: Yang Jung-A , Mori Nobuhito
Published: October 2023

A storm surge is an abnormal sea level rise caused by low pressure and strong winds. About two-thirds of the world’s population live in coastal areas with high risk natural disasters, and among them, coastal flooding caused by storm surges caused the highest number of deaths. In particular countries located in the Northwest Pacific suffer various damages from storm surge every year due to the effects of typhoons that accompany low pressure and storm winds at the same time, and Korea is no exception. So an analysis of the characteristics of storm is important tasks in disaster mitigation in coastal areas. Two approaches are commonly used for storm surge studies: dynamical method and statistical method. The dynamical approach uses a numerical model, which has the advantage of being able to reproduce the complex physical processes of the ocean and simulating the propagation and influence of storm surges, and the disadvantage of being expensive and time-consuming for modeling. On the other hand, the statistical approach using a statistical model is reasonable in cost and time for modeling, but it is greatly affected by the reliability of the input data and has the disadvantage that it is suitable only for a specific single point.
SEISMIC AND TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL BUILDINGS IN WEST COAST OF JAPAN
Authors: Miyashita Takuya , Suganuma Ryosuke , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya
Published: October 2023

Coastal cities are exposed to various types of disaster risks, such as tsunamis and storm surges. In particular, a megathrust earthquake has a potential to cause severe damage to cities almost simultaneously in terms of both seismic ground shaking and tsunami damage. However, in the countermeasures against future disasters, seismic and tsunami damage are generally assessed separately, and different source models are assumed for different types of disasters. This study aims to calculate damage probabilities of ground motion and tsunami for buildings in a coastal city under the same earthquake scenarios and to make an intercomparison between these two kinds of hazards.
INFLUENCE OF SALINITY WEDGE ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT DIVERSION THROUGH A COMPLEX DELTAIC SYSTEM
Authors: Everett Thomas , Agarwal Arpit , Carter Joshua , Sadid Kazi
Published: October 2023

The Bird’s Foot Delta (BFD) is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico in southeast Louisiana, USA. It is a 521,000-acre delta located around the three main distributaries (Southwest Pass, South Pass, and Pass-a-Loutre) off the terminal end (Head of Passes) of the Mississippi River. Here, the delta is a highly productive ecosystem that serves as a refuge for migratory birds, harbors fisheries, and acts as defense mechanism against storm surge for the city of New Orleans. Over the past several decades, the wetlands of the eastern BFD have experienced severe degradation. The primary cause of wetland loss in this area is the combination of relative sea level rise (RSLR) and decreased hydrologic connection to the Mississippi River, which results in insufficient sediment deposition and increased salinity. The BFD restoration project proposes to restore the hydrology and improve the freshwater and sediment delivery to the Eastern Bird’s Foot Delta through dredging some combination of the three largest distributaries south of Head of Passes (HOP). To inform restoration efforts, Mott MacDonald (MM) performed extensive modeling efforts to evaluate the influence of salt wedge on hydraulic and morphological patterns across the BFD.
SCALABLE REAL-TIME DATA ASSIMILATION WITH VARIOUS DATA TYPES FOR ACCURATE SPATIOTEMPORAL NEARSHORE BATHYMETRY ESTIMATION
Authors: Lee Jonghyun Harry , Hesser Tyler , Farthing Matthew , Bak Spicer , DeVore Katherine
Published: October 2023

Immediate estimation of nearshore bathymetry is crucial for accurate prediction of nearshore wave conditions and coastal flooding events. However, direct bathymetry data collection is expensive and time-consuming, while accurate airborne lidar-based survey is limited by breaking waves and decreased light penetration affected by water turbidity. Several recent efforts have been made to apply interpolation and inverse modeling approaches to indirect remote sensed observations along with sparse direct survey data points. Example indirect observations include video-based observations such as time-series snapshots and time-averaged (Timex) images across the surf zone taken from tower-based platforms and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs), while stationary LiDAR tower and UAS flights with infrared camera capability or imagery-based structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithms have been used to provide beach topographic data. In this work, we present three bathymetry estimation tools for real-time nearshore characterization using different types of information.
UNDERSTANDING THE COASTAL RROCESSES WITHIN GUICHEN BAY AND CAPE DOMBEY THROUGH AIRBORNE LIDAR BATHYMETRY
Authors: Hawkins Mick , Seaton Paul , Hesp Patrick , Silva Graziela Miot da
Published: October 2023

The South East Coastline of South Australia is a dynamic environment, with numerous beaches, shallow reef areas and exposed limestone cliffs. As such, it is a highly susceptible area to the impacts of climate change and coastal erosion. The Robe Council and Flinders University are conducting research on the seabed surrounding Cape Dombey and Guichen Bay to better understand and ultimately determine appropriate coastal management plans for the area. Bathymetry within the region is out of date and unreliable for accurate modelling for their research and Fugro will work with both parties to deliver high resolution topographic and bathymetric data over the town, coastline and the associated waters.
ANALYSIS OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND CURRENT INFORMATION BY ADCP AND WATERCRAFT
Authors: Inukai Naoyuki , Minamihara Mitsuru
Published: October 2023

In August 2017, when some high school students swam at Zenibako beach in Hokkaido, three students carried away and drowned. The several other accidents occurred at this beach in recently years. Firstly, we check the weather condition and the wave condition. Secondary, we conducted the field survey in August 2018. In the field survey, we used ADCP, and we got the water depth information and the current information. When we used the ADCP, this device and GPS device attached to a watercraft. During conducting the field survey, we got the aerial photographs by the UAV. The photographs were used to make a grid topographic data. Thirdly, we simulated the wind driven current in Ishikari Bay, and the wave current around Zenibako Beach. Finally, we considered the reason why the accident occurred. Our final purpose of this research is to obtain the knowledge for preventing the occurrence of water accidents. To obtain the knowledge, we grasped the mechanism of drowning by grasping the topography of the field and dynamics of the seawater when the water accident occurred.
SUBMESOSCALE SURFACE TIDAL, VORTICAL, AND RESIDUAL CIRCULATIONS IN A SEMI-ENCLOSED BAY
Authors: Kim Sung Yong , Won S. I. , Kim K. O.
Published: October 2023

We scrutinize three different components of submesoscale surface tidal, vortical, and residual circulations in a semienclosed bay using (1) observations of high-frequency radar-derived surface current maps and (2) numerical model simulations run under realistic vertical stratification and boundary conditions at O(1)-km spatial and 1-hourly temporal resolutions over a 2-year period. Based on the spatial statistics of the identified submesoscale eddies and eddy kinetic energy budget analysis, the submesoscale eddies are primarily generated by the detachment of shoreline-following tidal currents at the coastal boundaries, persist for less than 1.5 days, and are dissipated dominantly via vertical buoyancy fluxes associated with bottom bathymetric interactions of the tidal currents. The residual circulation is clearly shown with the nontidal geostrophic currents associated with the pressure gradients generated by wind-driven Ekman transports against the coast and the ageostrophic low-frequency currents.
EROSION HOTSPOTS AND BAR DYNAMICS ON THE DANISH WESTCOAST
Authors: Sørensen Nikolai Heath , Sørensen Per
Published: October 2023

Focused local beach and dune erosion hamper coastal safety in certain vulnerable areas. Erosion hotspots are observed as 300-500 m stretches of coastline with greater levels of erosion than adjoining coastlines. Two erosion hotspots are identified, one on the mid Danish west coast (Ndr. Thorsminde Tange) and one on a north-facing beach in northern Jutland (Tversted). Two erosion hotspots, with different wave climates, are observed and analysed to better understand their controlling mechanisms. Forecasting erosion hotspots’ location and behaviour could be valuable for coastal safety in these areas.
INNOVATIVE COASTAL CLIFF STABILISATION - THE SCARBOROUGH CLIFFS STABILISATION PROJECT
Authors: King Sam , Mulcahy Martin , Corbett Bobbie , Jackson L. Angus , Stewart Jared , Smith Loughlin
Published: October 2023

Coastal cliff erosion and retreat is a common problem worldwide. Long-term erosion due to natural coastal processes have caused the iconic vibrant red cliffs of the Redcliffe peninsular (Scarborough, Queensland, Australia), to retreat landwards, which posed a potential risk to public safety and infrastructure. Investigations into coastal processes and geotechnical conditions at the site found that the retreat of the 320m long section of cliffs was largely driven by the slow notch erosion of the cliff base resulting in translational block failure of the overlying laterized cliff face and rotational collapse of the weaker cliff crest soils. To prevent continued notch erosion of the cliff base and subsequently improve the overall stability of the cliffs, a ‘lower cliff hardening’ solution was developed. This solution comprised of a coloured and textured, soilnailed, glass-fibre reinforced polymer reinforced shotcrete wall, which aimed to replicate the natural form and aesthetic of the existing lower cliff.
PORT OF NEWCASTLE, NSW, AUSTRALIA – MAINTENANCE DREDGING AND UNCONFINED SEA DISPOSAL OF DREDGE MATERIAL
Authors: Britton Greg , Watters Ali
Published: October 2023

The Port of Newcastle is the largest port on the East Coast of Australia and the world’s largest coal export port. The port is located on the Hunter River, a major river in NSW having a catchment area of approximately 37,000km2 and a length of approximately 460km. The river is subject to freshwater flows and major flooding which introduce fluvial sediments to the port. Marine sediments are also introduced into the port entrance area by coastal processes. Continual maintenance dredging is required within the port to ensure safe navigation. It is fundamental to the continued operation and viability of the port.
ANALYTICAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF TIDE ON STORM SURGE DEVIATIONS
Authors: Yoshihiko Ide , Masaru Yamashiro , Noriaki Hashimoto , Mitsuyoshi Kodama , Yoshihisa Sugimura
Published: October 2023

Elucidating the mechanism of storm surge generation and gaining new knowledge is important for the advancement of numerical simulations and the consideration of disaster prevention measures. Previous studies have shown that even when the external forces (wind and pressure) of a typhoon are the same, the storm surge deviations generated change when the tidal phase at the time the typhoon strikes is different. This is because the difference in the tidal phase causes a change in water depth. In this study, we quantitatively examined the change in storm surge deviation with water depth and derived an analytical solution that is more accurate than the conventional equation. Subsequently, parameters indicating the effect of changes in water depth on storm surge deviation were derived, and the characteristics of major bays in Japan were examined using these parameters.
MULTI-YEAR MONITORING TO DISTINGUISH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO WATERFRONT CONSTRUCTION FROM AMBIENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Authors: MacIntosh Kevin , Agardy Tundi , Brewster Dr. Leo
Published: October 2023

In tropical marine systems, water quality, coral health, fish habitat productivity and various other factors (e.g.: water temperature, salinity, turbidity) are all inter-related. Therefore, shoreline development, and the related design and construction of waterfront projects, may have a significant impact on the marine environment, both positive and negative, depending on the location and quality of science, engineering, and marine ecology undertaken during design, construction, and monitoring. Evaluating the physical, ecological, and social impacts of coastal projects after construction is rarely undertaken in any quantitative manner, if at all. As part of our standard process, we include monitoring for a period of 2- 5 years to quantify shoreline stability, water quality impacts, and increases in biological production as well as biodiversity. To determine when environmental arguments against development are valid and to counter those against research due to time and cost pressures, the goal is to identify what is important for minimizing environmental impacts of development.
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT – USEFUL OR FLAWED?
Authors: Cox Ron , Horton Peter , Rajaratnam Nigel , Carley James
Published: October 2023

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has become an important tool for evaluating coastal management actions in Australia, and various coastal CBA studies have been completed. However, some of these studies have produced contradictory outcomes, and some assumptions on which they were based have been questioned. In the presentation, various assumptions frequently used in coastal CBA’s are considered and assessed with reference to specific case studies.
TOPOGRAPHIC OBSERVATION OF THE TIDAL FLAT AT THE MOUTH OF THE SHIRAKAWA RIVER DURING THE PASSAGE OF TYPHOON NO.9 AND NO.10 USING OPTICAL FIBERS
Authors: Yamano Takashi , Tsujimoto Gozo , Hokamura Takaomi , Kim Sooyoul , Sakai Daiki
Published: October 2023

The authors developed a new method for long-term and high frequency measurement of tidal flat using optical fibers and conducted continuous observation from October 2019 and March 2020, confirming the validity of the optical fiber observations. In September 2020, typhoons No.9 and No.10 approached the observation site. Typhoon No.10 was said to be one of the largest and strongest typhoons on record, and an emergency warning was launched. In this study we focused on the periods before and after these typhoons to clarity the validity of this observation method and the tidal flat topographic response during typhoon.
DEVELOPING DIGITAL TOOLS FOR PLANNING, COORDINATION AND VISUALISATION OF DATA AND DESIGNS FOR DARWIN MIDDLE ARM
Authors: Mackenzie Beau , Parkinson Joshua
Published: October 2023

The Darwin Middle Arm Sustainable Development Precinct (MASDP) is a Whole of Government Project led by the Northern Territory (NT) Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics (DIPL). Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) has been working with DIPL on the maritime infrastructure design elements of the Precinct and has also been assisting with environmental planning and approvals. The communication of complex planning, design, environmental and commercial factors to various nontechnical stakeholders is a significant challenge for major infrastructure projects like MASDP. Digital tools, including online Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and 3D Visualisation/Building Information Modelling (BIM) modelling software, have been utilised for effective management and communication of planning and design information.
CASE STUDY - WYE RIVER, VIC GEOCONTAINER SHORT TERM PORTECTION WORKS
Authors: Nickson Oliver
Published: October 2023

Between winter 2019 and 2021 riverine and coastal erosion collectively caused 14.8m of landward recession of the Wye River foreshore in Victoria. The resulting reduction in sand dune buffer from 25m to 10m in front of the Wye River Surf Life Saving Club (WRSLSC) significantly increased the buildings vulnerability to erosion. Sand nourishment was used as a ‘low impact and nature based’ first attempt management option however this proved ineffective due to the significance of the riverine erosion component. A shift in management approach to the emergency installation of a 0.75m3 geo-container seawall and three groynes had an immediate influence by diverting the river away from the WRSLSC and halting further erosion. A significant quantity of sand has been deposited within the groyne compartments in the 9 months following their installation.
MONITORING OF THE PALM BEACH ARTIFICIAL REEF
Authors: Prenzler Paul , Hunt Shannon , Elliott-Perkins Zoe , Hamilton Dan , Messiter Dan , Wharton Courtney , Watterson Evan
Published: October 2023

Palm Beach is located on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Infrastructure along Palm Beach is exposed to high coastal hazard risks. The City of Gold Coast (City) delivered the Palm Beach Shoreline Project (PBSP) in 2019, involving beach nourishment stabilised by an artificial reef, as a sustainable solution to coastal hazards threats and provide improved surfing amenity. This Paper presents the results of post-construction monitoring of the PBSP, assessing the project benefits against the project objectives.
HOW MUCH LONGER CAN AN OLD SEAWALL LAST? DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE LESSONS TAUGHT BY NORTH CRONULLA’S PRINCE STREET SEAWALL
Authors: Turnbull Adrian , Sellers Erin , Cai Patrick
Published: October 2023

Within the traditional lands of the Dharawal people, the headlands, beaches and sandy dunes of Gunnamatta / Cronulla are long recognised as important regional environmental, social and economic assets. With early settlers holding large tracts of land, once connected to Sutherland by a steam train from 1911, the seaside holiday village of Cronulla was quickly subdivided and became a permanent town, with increasingly expensive infrastructure built along the foreshore. The sandy beach and dunes of North Cronulla, where the main settlement was established, has a well-documented history of being impacted by coastal erosion events over the past 100 years. Modification of the foreshore started around 1919, using dune sand to infill the low-lying swamp in the hind-dune, creating more ‘useable’ land. The recommendations and forward plan to prolong the life of the Prince Street Seabee seawall will be the subject of this presentation.
RECENT ADVANCES IN TSUNAMI DESIGN OF COASTAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Robertson I.N.
Published: October 2023

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami initiated a rapid increase in tsunami research, particularly as it relates to the performance of coastal structures during tsunami inundation. The subsequent Chile tsunami in 2010 and Great Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (or Tohoku Tsunami) in 2011 re-invigorated the urgency of developing design provisions for tsunami loading on coastal structures. The culmination of this experimental and theoretical research, and field reconnaissance after damaging tsunamis, resulted in the development of a new Chapter 6 “Tsunami Loads and Effects” in the ASCE7-16 Standard “Minimum Design Loads and Asso-ciate Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures”. This paper briefly reviews the ASCE7-16 tsunami design provisions. The application of these provisions to the design of new tsunami vertical evacuation refuge struc-tures in Oregon and Washington States, and new multistory residential buildings in Waikiki, Hawaii, will be presented. This paper also introduces recent modifications to the tsunami design provisions approved for the ASCE7-22 Standard published in December 2021. These modifications were prompted by recent laboratory research, observations after the earthquake and tsunami in Palu, Indonesia, and updates to numerical model-ing procedures for tsunami inundation.
INCORPORATING CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE INTO A BREAKWATER REPAIR: A CASE STUDY AT HILO, HAWAII
Authors: Podoski Jessica H. , Goody Chris , Smith David
Published: October 2023

The original breakwater at Hilo Harbor was completed in 1930 and consisted of a 10,080-foot-long rubble-mound breakwater built over Blonde Reef, protecting a 35-foot-deep basin. Recent repairs were completed in 1973, 1975, and 1981. The 1981 repair consisted of a layer of 7.5-ton tribar armor units along 900 feet of the breakwater along the trunk of the structure. The USACE Honolulu District intends to conduct repairs to the Hilo Harbor breakwater within the next 5 to 10 years. A multifaceted analysis has been conducted to optimize future repair design from both an economic investment standpoint, as well as to incorporate evaluation of risk of failure and reliability-based design under projected future forcing conditions. The results of this analysis will be presented including the following: 1) evaluation of breakwater damage using both visual inspection and remote sensing data; 2) an in-depth analysis of present and future breakwater overtopping rates due to extreme waves and sea level rise through the use of spectral phase-averaged wave modeling, Boussinesq phase-resolving models, and high fidelity, fully three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) wave modeling; and 3) initial results of reliability-based design to assess past and present performance and damage modes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CORAL REEF RESTORATION IN WAVE ATTENUATION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Geldard Justin , Lowe Ryan , Draper Scott , Ghisalberti Marco , Westera Sonia , Ellwood George , Cuttler Michael , Smith David , McArdle Alicia
Published: October 2023

Coral reefs are not only one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems, but they also deliver critical ecosystem services to millions of people worldwide, for example coastal hazard mitigation. Extreme surface waves associated with storm systems generate coastal flooding and erosion that can impact coastal populations and infrastructure. The large roughness of healthy coral reefs has the potential to significantly attenuate this wave energy prior to reaching the shoreline through the drag forces that coral roughness exerts on the water column. The magnitude of these drag forces is dependent on how the complex geometries of corals interact with wave-driven oscillatory flows. This interaction is most commonly described both physically and numerically with idealised models of canopies, typically using arrays of submerged cylinders that lack the natural complexity of coral reef roughness. A physical modelling approach with a canopy of complex coral shapes is needed to sufficiently investigate the properties of the canopy which best represent their interaction with wave-driven oscillatory flows resulting in the attenuation of wave energy. In this study we investigated the performance of a coral reef restoration approach developed by MARS Inc. to attenuate wave energy across a range of incident wave conditions, water depths and coral cover.
PHYSICAL MODELLING OF ROCK BAGS FOR COASTAL PROTECTION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Messiter Dan , Coghlan Ian , Carley James , Lumiatti Gabriela
Published: October 2023

Storms in 2020 caused significant erosion at numerous locations along the NSW, Australia coast, including evacuation of many houses. Emergency responses included the deployment of a 250 tonne crane to lift 2 and 4 tonne Kyowa Rock Bags onto Wamberal Beach, which overcame significant emergency constructability constraints. This formed a protective toe and was the first use of this technique on the open coast of NSW. Furthermore, a 120 m, 4 tonne Rock Bag structure was constructed at Stockton. Consideration of the potential broader use of Rock Bags for short to medium term protection prompted more research into the engineering effectiveness of the technology.
THE EFFECT OF REEF GEOMETRY ON BREAKING WAVE SHAPE. COMPUTATIONAL AND FIELD DATA COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Fincham Adam , Pieszka Michal
Published: October 2023

Detailed investigation, accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and understanding of surf-zone processes are essential for recreating world-class surfing wave conditions. Parametric studies of different reef shapes have been carried out to analyze the effects on the barrel vortex ratio for a solitary-type wave. The computational models are based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and are compared against field data from the WSL Surf Ranch facility in Lemoore, CA. Results from these studies highlight the importance of reef shape and have implications to the quality of surfing experiences in both coastal regions and artificial wave environments.
Análise longitudinal dos parâmetros ventilatórios e escore SOFA de pacientes com covid-19 hospitalizados em uma UTI no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ramos Suelen Souza , Kock Kelser de Souza
Published: October 2023

Introdução: embora o Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seja mais conhecido por causar patologias respiratórias substanciais, o vírus também pode resultar em várias manifestações extrapulmonares, sobretudo nas alas de cuidados intensivos. Frente a essas implicações multissistêmicas, a monitoração do suporte ventilatório e utilização do escore Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) foram fundamentais no manejo do paciente crítico com COVID-19 nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) durante a pandemia. Objetivo: esse estudo pretende analisar os parâmetros ventilatórios e escore SOFA de pacientes com COVID-19 numa UTI no sul do Brasil e as principais complicações ocasionadas. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que analisou prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19 na UTI do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, no estado deSanta Catarina, entre março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: foram incluídos 448 pacientes, com média de idade de 58,5 (±15,1) anos, mediana de internação de 15 (9-24) dias e média de ventilação mecânica de 15 (±8,7) dias, evoluindo para óbito 63,3%. Durante a internação, 86,4% das pessoas sofreram complicações, dentre as mais prevalentes Insuficiência Renal Aguda (46,8%) seguida por Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação (41,9%) e Choque séptico (22%). Na evolução clínica, o escore SOFA e a relação da pressão parcial de oxigênio pela fração de oxigênio inspirado (PaO2/FiO2) foram fatores de desfecho desfavorável nas três semanas de internação, com SOFA ≥ 5 e relação PaO2/FiO2 < 200. Além disso, 3 dos 6 componentes do SOFA (renal, respiratório e coagulação) tiveram relação com a ocorrência de complicações. Conclusão: o escore SOFA e a relação PaO2/FiO2 tiveram relação no prognóstico de pacientes com COVID-19 durante as três semanas de internação na UTI. Além disso, o SOFA se mostrou um possível indicador de complicações intra-hospitalares durante a evolução clínica.
Feasibility of Emulating Clinical Trials Supporting US FDA Supplemental Indication Approvals of Drugs and Biologics
Authors: Janda Guneet S. , Wallach Joshua D. , Dhodapkar Meera M. , Ramachandran Reshma , Ross Joseph S.
Published: October 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates the supporting clinical trials for supplemental new drug applications and supplemental biologics license applications from 2017 to 2019.
Prevalence, Severity, and Measures of Anxiety in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meade Tanya , Joyce Caroline , Perich Tania , Manolios Nicholas , Conaghan Phillip G. , Katz Patricia
Published: October 2023

Objective

Many studies have reported high rates of anxiety in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this systematic review was to examine those findings and determine the overall prevalence, severity, and commonly used measures of anxiety in individuals with RA.

Methods

Six databases were searched from January 2000 without restrictions on language/location, study design, or gray literature. All identified studies that examined anxiety prevalence and severity in adults with RA, as assessed with clinical diagnostic interview and/or standardized self‐report measures, were considered for inclusion. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using a modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Evaluation Scale, and the findings were synthesized via a narrative approach.

Results

Across the 47 studies (n = 11,085 participants), the sample size ranged from 60 to 1,321 participants with seven studies including healthy controls or groups with other health conditions. The studies were conducted across 23 countries, and anxiety prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 77%, predominantly determined with standardized self‐report measures, of which Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was used most frequently; only eight studies used a clinical diagnostic interview to confirm a specific anxiety diagnosis. Notable associations with anxiety in RA were physical disability, pain, disease activity, depression, and quality of life.

Conclusion

The reported prevalence of anxiety in RA varied widely potentially because of use of different self‐report measures and cutoff points. Such cutoff points will need to be standardized to clinical thresholds to inform appropriate interventions for anxiety comorbidity in RA.
A Soft, Adhesive Self‐Healing Naked‐Eye Strain/Stress Visualization Patch
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Liu Junjie , Wu Mengfei , Yao Xuan , Wang Haibin , Liu Xuemei , He Zhibin , Song Xiaoyan
Published: October 2023

Learning about the strain/stress distribution in a material is essential to achieve its mechanical stability and proper functionality. Conventional techniques such as universal testing machines only apply to static samples with standardized geometry in laboratory environment. Soft mechanical sensors based on stretchable conductors, carbon‐filled composites, or conductive gels possess better adaptability, but still face challenges from complicated fabrication process, dependence on extra readout device, and limited strain/stress mapping ability. Inspired by the camouflage mechanism of cuttlefish and chameleons, here an innovative responsive hydrogel containing light‐scattering “mechano‐iridophores” is developed. Force induced reversible phase separation manipulates the dynamic generation of mechano‐iridophores, serving as optical indicators of local deformation. Patch‐shaped mechanical sensors made from the responsive hydrogel feature fast response time (<0.4 s), high spatial resolution (≈100 µm), and wide dynamic ranges (e.g., 10–150% strain). The intrinsic adhesiveness and self‐healing material capability of sensing patches also ensure their excellent applicability and robustness. This combination of chemical and optical properties allows strain/stress distributions in target samples to be directly identified by naked eyes or smartphone apps, which is not yet achieved. The great advantages above are ideal for developing the next‐generation mechanical sensors toward material studies, damage diagnosis, risk prediction, and smart devices.
Direct Generation of N‐Alkoxycarbonyl Nitrones from Oximes: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Oximes Having Alkene Moieties
Authors: Sagara Hiroto , Suzuki Yoshio , Morita Nobuyoshi , Ban Shintaro , Tanaka Kosaku , Yamamoto Ayaka , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Tamura Osamu
Published: October 2023

δ,ϵ‐Unsaturated oximes, on heating with O‐alkyl S‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)carbonothioates (PySCO2R) in refluxing toluene, undergo intramolecular cycloaddition to give N‐alkoxycarbonylated multi‐cyclic compounds. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves direct generation of N‐alkoxycarbonyl nitrones followed by cycloaddition, instead of intramolecular oxime‐olefin cycloaddition (IOOC) followed by alkoxycarbonylation. DFT calculation indicates that N‐alkoxycarbonylation of oxime with PySCO2R is a concerted reaction. The reaction of oxime with a chiral alkoxycarbonylation reagent exhibits a reasonably high diastereo‐face selectivity.
Aggregation induced edge sites actuation of 3D MoSe2/rGO electrocatalyst for high‐performing water splitting system
Authors: Janani Gnanaprakasam , Surendran Subramani , Lee Dong‐Kyu , Shanmugapriya Sathyanarayanan , Lee Hyunjung , Subramanian Yuvaraj , Sim Uk
Published: October 2023

2D materials are regarded as promising electrocatalysts for water splitting because of their advances in providing ample active sites and improving electrochemical reaction kinetics. 2D MoSe2 has a greater intrinsic electrical conductivity and lower Gibbs free energy for reactant adsorption. However, there is still room for improvement in the electrocatalytic performance of MoSe2 for high‐performance electrochemical water splitting devices. Herein, the in situ preparation of heterostructure made of covalently bonded MoSe2 and rGO is reported. The obtained electrocatalyst contains the aggregated 3D structured MoSe2 over rGO, which is covalently bonded together with more edge sites. The active edge sites of MoSe2/rGO are dynamically involved in the electrocatalytic activity while facilitating electron transfer. Hence, the MoSe2/rGO heterostructure requires a low cell voltage of 1.64 V to reach 100 mA cm−2 in water splitting with high reaction kinetics. The aggregated MoSe2 over rGO with more edge sites exposed by the 3D structure of MoSe2 and the interfacial covalent bond in between them provides a favorable electronic structure for the HER and OER with low overpotentials and high current densities and enhances the stability of the electrocatalyst. This work presents an attractive and cost‐effective electrocatalyst suitable for industrial‐scale hydrogen fuel production.
Black Rain: a kaupapa Māori (a Māori approach) to addressing family violence and intergenerational trauma
Authors: Pouesi Fay , Dewerse Rosemary
Published: October 2023

In working with Māori to address family violence and the trauma that arises when it is occurring across generations, three elements are essential. The first is helping whānau (family members) to recognise and reconnect with the impact of the violence they are caught up in. The second is to do so in a way that contextualises this because it never involves and affects individuals alone. And third is to do so by being conscious of the whole of a person's being and being aware that the spiritual realm is the entry point. For 30 years, Fay Pouesi has been working with Māori whānau, initiating kaupapa (approaches) that include these three elements. This article details one kaupapa, known as Black Rain, which has been successfully helping men and women to break the cycles of intergenerational violence within their whānau since 2010. To do this, we will draw upon Fay's work and that of two colleagues who now work with her.
Identification of priority cetacean areas in the north‐east Atlantic using systematic conservation planning
Authors: Giménez Joan , Waggitt James J. , Jessopp Mark
Published: October 2023

Mobile marine protected areas have been proposed for the conservation of highly seasonal or mobile marine megafauna. However, seasonal data on the distribution of marine wildlife to inform protected areas are generally scarce worldwide, especially for cetaceans, which makes dynamic solutions difficult to implement.

Furthermore, conservation objectives are often set at the level of individual species rather than at the community level, despite many species having similar or overlapping habitat requirements, and a comparison of the effectiveness of mobile vs. static Marine Protected Areas options has rarely been done.

Systematic conservation planning was used to identify priority areas of cetacean biodiversity in the north‐east Atlantic accounting for seasonal changes in distribution. Consistent hotspots across seasons at a community level, in particular along the shelf edge, suggest that fixed priority areas for cetacean biodiversity may be appropriate.

The area required for protection to meet conservation targets (i.e. 20% of a population occurring within a protected area) is minimized when considering populations at basin scale rather than national level. Highly mobile megafauna normally exploit persistent and predictable oceanographic features, so a habitat suitability rather than a jurisdiction‐based approach is more appropriate.
Impact of bacterial admixtures on the compressive and tensile strengths, permeability, and pore structure of ternary mortars: Comparative study of ureolytic and phototrophic bacteria
Authors: Aceituno‐Caicedo David , Shvarzman Asia , Zhutovsky Semion , Dittrich Maria
Published: October 2023

The addition of bacterial biomass to cementitious materials can improve strength and permeability properties by altering the pore structure. Photoautotrophic bacteria are understudied mortar bio‐additives that do not produce unwanted by‐products compared to commonly studied ureolytic species. This study directly compares the impact of the addition of heterotrophic Bacillus subtilis to photoautotrophic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 on mortar properties and microstructure. Cellulose fibers were used as a bacteria carrier. A commercial concrete healing agent composed of dormant bacterial spores was also tested. Strength, water absorption tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were applied to experimental mortar properties. The photoautotrophic modifications had a stronger positive impact on mortar strength and permeability properties than sporulated heterotrophic modifications due to differences in surface properties and production of exopolysaccharides. The findings provide support for photoautotrophic species as additives for mortars to move away from ammonia‐generating species.
Evoking surface‐driven capacitive process through sulfur implantation into nitrogen‐coordinated hard carbon hollow spheres achieves superior alkali metal ion storage beyond lithium
Authors: Wang Gongrui , Gao Jingyu , Wang Wentao , Tao Zongzhi , He Xiaoyue , Shi Liang , Zhang Genqiang
Published: October 2023

Owing to the specific merits of low cost, abundant sources, and high physicochemical stability, carbonaceous materials are promising anode candidates for K+/Na+ storage, whereas their limited specific capacity and unfavorable rate capability remain challenging for future applications. Herein, the sulfur implantation in N‐coordinated hard carbon hollow spheres (SN‐CHS) has been realized for evoking a surface‐driven capacitive process, which greatly improves K+/Na+ storage performance. Specifically, the SN‐CHS electrodes deliver a high specific capacity of 480.5/460.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, preferred rate performance of 316.8/237.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, and high‐rate cycling stability of 87.9%/87.2% capacity retention after 2500/1500 cycles at 2 A g−1 for K+/Na+ storage, respectively. The underlying ion storage mechanisms are studied by systematical experimental data combined with theoretical simulation results, where the multiple active sites, improved electronic conductivity, and fast ion absorption/diffusion kinetics are major contributors. More importantly, the potassium ion hybrid capacitor consisting of SN‐CHS anode and activated carbon cathode deliver an outstanding energy/power density (189.8 Wh kg−1 at 213.5 W kg−1 and 9495 W kg−1 with 53.9 Wh kg−1 retained) and remarkable cycling stability. This contribution not only flourishes the prospective synthesis strategies for advanced hard carbons but also facilitates the upgrading of next‐generation stationary power applications.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Migratory Tsuji‐Trost Reaction
Authors: Chen Xian‐Xiao , He Zhi‐Tao
Published: October 2023

Beyond the scope of classical Tsuji‐Trost reaction, an alkene bearing a remote leaving group is not considered as a potential substrate for allylation. The concept of migratory Tsuji‐Trost reaction focuses on the transformations with this type of substrates. Two pathways including olefin migration and leaving group migration to form typical allyl intermediate for following substitution have been explored to demonstrate the feasibility of this new concept.
Strong Antiferromagnetic Exchange‐Coupling Observed in Hydride‐Bridged Dimeric Dysprosium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet
Authors: Luo Qian‐Cheng , Yu Ke‐Xin , Jin Peng‐Bo , Liu Ye‐Ye , Zhai Yuan‐Qi , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive Summary

One dihydride‐bridged dimeric Dy(III) guanidinate complex, formulated as [{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Dy(μ‐H)]2 (1Dy), was successfully isolated and the introduction of hydride bridges significantly reduces the intramolecular Dy(III)···Dy(III) distance to only 3.688(1) Å. To investigate the effect of such a short Dy(III)···Dy(III) distance on magnetism, we also prepared its dibromide‐bridged analogue [{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Dy(μ‐Br)]2 (2Dy), which has a much longer Dy(III)···Dy(III) distance of 4.605(4) Å. Surprisingly, 2Dy demonstrates much larger effective energy barrier for magnetization reversal (Ueff) and higher blocking temperature (TB). The worse performance of 1Dy is attributed to the concerted effect of strong antiferromagnetic interactions between Dy(III) ions (Jtotal = –2.683 cm–1) and the unparallel arrangement of magnetic principle axes of the Dy(III) ions for 1Dy.
Soft‐switched full‐bridge light‐emitting diode driver with reduced rectifier components
Authors: Chandrasekhar Valluru , Vishwanathan Neti , Kolla Hemasundara Rao
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a new light‐emitting diode (LED) driver based on full‐bridge series resonant converter (SRC) is presented. In the proposed converter LED, load is placed in between DC source and the input side of the full‐bridge inverter which reduces the rectifier components of the SRC. The proposed converter reduces the number of diodes used for rectification and ensures zero voltage switching of the power switches which improves the efficiency of the converter. LED lamp current is regulated with phase‐shift pulse width modulation (PWM) of full‐bridge. Lamp illumination is controlled with PWM dimming. The operation and mathematical analysis of LED driver is presented. To validate the proposed concept, a 40‐W laboratory prototype is developed. Experimental results are presented. Peak efficiency of 93% is obtained.
Evolution of five environmentally responsive gene families in a pine‐feeding sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Vertacnik Kim L. , Herrig Danielle K. , Godfrey R. Keating , Hill Tom , Geib Scott M. , Unckless Robert L. , Nelson David R. , Linnen Catherine R.
Published: October 2023

A central goal in evolutionary biology is to determine the predictability of adaptive genetic changes. Despite many documented cases of convergent evolution at individual loci, little is known about the repeatability of gene family expansions and contractions. To address this void, we examined gene family evolution in the redheaded pine sawfly Neodiprion lecontei, a noneusocial hymenopteran and exemplar of a pine‐specialized lineage evolved from angiosperm‐feeding ancestors. After assembling and annotating a draft genome, we manually annotated multiple gene families with chemosensory, detoxification, or immunity functions before characterizing their genomic distributions and molecular evolution. We find evidence of recent expansions of bitter gustatory receptor, clan 3 cytochrome P450, olfactory receptor, and antimicrobial peptide subfamilies, with strong evidence of positive selection among paralogs in a clade of gustatory receptors possibly involved in the detection of bitter compounds. In contrast, these gene families had little evidence of recent contraction via pseudogenization. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in response to novel selection pressures, gene families that mediate ecological interactions may expand and contract predictably. Testing this hypothesis will require the comparative analysis of high‐quality annotation data from phylogenetically and ecologically diverse insect species and functionally diverse gene families. To this end, increasing sampling in under‐sampled hymenopteran lineages and environmentally responsive gene families and standardizing manual annotation methods should be prioritized.
Complex nonmonotonic responses of biodiversity to habitat destruction
Authors: Zhang Helin , Bearup Daniel , Barabás György , Fagan William F. , Nijs Ivan , Chen Dongdong , Liao Jinbao
Published: October 2023

It has typically been assumed that habitat destruction, characterized by habitat loss and fragmentation, has consistently negative effects on biodiversity. While numerous empirical studies have shown the detrimental effects of habitat loss, debate continues as to whether habitat fragmentation has universally negative effects. To explore the effects of habitat fragmentation, we developed a simple model for site‐occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. With the model, we demonstrate that a competition–colonization trade‐off can result in nonlinear oscillatory responses in biodiversity to both habitat loss and fragmentation. However, the overall pattern of habitat loss reducing species richness is still established, in line with empirical observations. Interestingly, the existence of localized oscillations in biodiversity can explain the mixed responses of species richness to habitat fragmentation per se observed in nature, thereby reconciling the debate on the fragmentation–diversity relationship. Therefore, this study offers a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for empirically observed biodiversity patterns in response to habitat destruction.
Influences of nonlinear parameters on the performance of a free‐piston Stirling engine
Authors: Ye Wenlian , Wang Weijie , Yan Yuqin , Kong Lingxuan , Liu Yingwen
Published: October 2023

This study presents a thermodynamic–dynamic model of a free‐piston Stirling engine (FPSE) with nonlinear coefficients of spring, load damping, and pressure for working spaces. The effects of the nonlinear coefficients of hardening and softening springs on the movement and operating frequency of a displacer and piston are investigated. Subsequently, the influences of the nonlinear pressure terms of the working space and buffer spaces, as well as the nonlinear coefficients of the load on the amplitudes of the two pistons, frequency, and output powers are discussed. The results indicate that the low nonlinear coefficients of the spring have a minor effect on the amplitudes and frequency. As the high nonlinear coefficients of the hardening spring increase, the amplitudes and output power decrease, while the frequency increases. As the nonlinear terms of the softening spring increase, the amplitudes and output power reach maximum values, but the frequency is reduced by 3.55%. The effects of the nonlinear pressure terms on the amplitudes and output power are not evident. However, an increase in the nonlinear load leads to a significant decrease in the FPSE's performance.