bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egg consumption and health effects: A narrative review
Authors: Sanlier Nevin , Üstün Dilara
Published: September 2021

This study was planned and conducted to investigate the effects of egg consumption on metabolic syndrome components and potential mechanisms of action on humans. Egg, an important source of animal protein, is defined as a functional food containing various bioactive compounds that can affect the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory pathways. As a matter of fact, the egg can show immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antihypertensive effects with its bioactive components. It is claimed that egg consumption may protect individuals against metabolic syndrome by increasing HDL‐C levels and reducing inflammation. The increase in egg consumption creates the perception that it may lead to cardiovascular diseases due to its cholesterol content. However, there is insufficient evidence as to whether dietary cholesterol‐lowers LDL‐C. The possible potential mechanisms of egg impact on human health, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and selected websites including) and databases were examined in this regard. With a view to delving into the rather mysterious relationship between egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the absorption of cholesterol from the egg and to know the functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Studies conducted to date have generally yielded inconsistent results regarding egg consumption and risks of CVD, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Women, work and pandemic: An impact study of COVID‐19 lockdown on working women in India
Authors: Jasrotia Amithy , Meena Jigyasa
Published: September 2021

The first wave of the pandemic caused due to COVID‐19 was marked by a complete lockdown in India in March 2020. This unprecedented time and global health crisis pushed everyone indoors and compelled all employees to work from home (WFH). This study is an attempt to explore the challenges and possibilities of the WFH scenario in the context of working women in India. Around 203 women professionals participated through Google form questionnaire from May–June 2020 to fathom the impact of lockdown while working in the WFH format. This study employs the ‘the Standpoint theory’ and the theory of ‘Performative action’ by Judith Butler to grasp the work‐life balance and gender roles in family spaces. The results of the study have shown that although the spouses of these women are sharing some responsibilities of household and children, but still the main onus rests on women's shoulders. The identities attached with their working and non‐working status have been fused with the arrival of paid work at home. The majority of the respondents reported that they have to give a big share of their time to household activities by compromising their work efficacy on the job.
Which adults with sickle cell disease need an evaluation for pulmonary embolism?
Authors: El‐Amin Nadirah , Lauzon Steven D. , Nietert Paul J. , Kanter Julie
Published: September 2021

Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an increased risk of venous thrombo‐embolism (VTE) including pulmonary embolisms (PEs). There is a high mortality associated with PE in individuals with SCD. It can be difficult to diagnose PE since presenting symptoms of PE often mimic those of other forms of vaso‐occlusive crisis in SCD. Currently, there are no validated models for predicting PEs in patients with sickle cell disease, which often leads to frequent CT scans and exposure to harmful radiation and intravenous contrast. The aim of this study was to evaluate different host variables and potential clinical biomarkers of patients with SCD including those used in the Wells score to assess predictability for PE in order to create a more accurate diagnostic algorithm to predict PE. A retrospective chart review was performed on 349 patients with SCD who underwent testing for a PE with a CT scan of the chest. Forward and backward stepwise model selection was performed to obtain a parsimonious model of the predictors of PEs. The incidence of PE in this population was 9·7%. Of the factors evaluated for this study, the Wells score was the only one with clinical significance. A Wells score greater than 4 had a sensitivity and specificity of 72·5% and 70·1%, respectively, and a score greater than 6 had a sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 87%, respectively. The Wells score is an acceptable clinical tool which may prove useful in individuals with SCD to predict who is most likely to have a PE and therefore should undergo a CT scan. A prospective study is needed to further confirm these findings.
The convoluted history of haem biosynthesis
Authors: Kořený Luděk , Oborník Miroslav , Horáková Eva , Waller Ross F. , Lukeš Julius
Published: September 2021

The capacity of haem to transfer electrons, bind diatomic gases, and catalyse various biochemical reactions makes it one of the essential biomolecules on Earth and one that was likely used by the earliest forms of cellular life. Since the description of haem biosynthesis, our understanding of this multi‐step pathway has been almost exclusively derived from a handful of model organisms from narrow taxonomic contexts. Recent advances in genome sequencing and functional studies of diverse and previously neglected groups have led to discoveries of alternative routes of haem biosynthesis that deviate from the ‘classical’ pathway. In this review, we take an evolutionarily broad approach to illuminate the remarkable diversity and adaptability of haem synthesis, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, showing the range of strategies that organisms employ to obtain and utilise haem. In particular, the complex evolutionary histories of eukaryotes that involve multiple endosymbioses and horizontal gene transfers are reflected in the mosaic origin of numerous metabolic pathways with haem biosynthesis being a striking case. We show how different evolutionary trajectories and distinct life strategies resulted in pronounced tensions and differences in the spatial organisation of the haem biosynthesis pathway, in some cases leading to a complete loss of a haem‐synthesis capacity and, rarely, even loss of a requirement for haem altogether.
A single bout of cycling exercise induces nucleosome repositioning in the skeletal muscle of lean and overweight/obese individuals
Authors: Devarshi Prasad P. , Pereyra Andrea S. , Ellis Jessica M. , Henagan Tara M.
Published: September 2021

Aim

To compare the molecular and metabolic effects of a single exercise bout in the skeletal muscle between lean and overweight/obese (Ov/Ob) individuals.

Materials and Methods

Participants recruited were men, aged 19‐30 years, who were either lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25, 18.5−24.1 kg/m2; n = 15) or Ov/Ob (BMI ≥ 25, 25.5−36.9 kg/m2; n = 15). Four hours after a high‐carbohydrate breakfast (7 kcal/kg; 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein), participants performed a cycling exercise (50% VO2max, expending ~650 kcal). Muscle biopsies and peripheral blood samples were collected 30 minutes before the meal and immediately after exercise. Blood analysis, and muscle acylcarnitine profiles, transcriptomics, and nucleosome mapping by micrococcal nuclease digestion with deep sequencing were performed.

Results

A single exercise bout improved blood metabolite profiles in both lean and Ov/Ob individuals. Muscle long‐chain acylcarnitines were increased in Ov/Ob compared with lean participants, but were not altered by exercise. A single exercise bout increased the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondria and insulin signalling in both lean and Ov/Ob participants. Nucleosome mapping by micrococcal nuclease digestion with deep sequencing revealed that exercise repositioned the ‐1 nucleosome away from the transcription start site of thePGC1apromoter and of other mitochondrial genes, but did not affect genes related to insulin signalling, in both lean and Ov/Ob participants.

Conclusion

These data suggest that a single exercise bout induced epigenetic alterations in skeletal muscle in a BMI‐independent manner.
Exploring the prevalence and profile of epilepsy across Europe using a standard retrospective chart review: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Linehan Christine , Benson Ailbhe , Gunko Alex , Christensen Jakob , Sun Yuelian , Tomson Torbjorn , Marson Anthony , Forsgren Lars , Trinka Eugen , Iliescu Catrinel , Althoehn Sonderup Julie , Werenberg Dreier Julie , Sandu Carmen , Leanca Madalina , Rainer Lucas , Kobulashvili Teia , Granbichler Claudia A. , Delanty Norman , Doherty Colin , Staines Anthony , Shahwan Amre ,   ESBACE Consortium and Collaborators
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in four European countries (Austria, Denmark, Ireland, and Romania) employing a standard methodology. The study was conducted under the auspices of ESBACE (European Study on the Burden and Care of Epilepsy).

Methods

All hospitals and general practitioners serving a region of at least 50 000 persons in each country were asked to identify patients living in the region who had a diagnosis of epilepsy or experienced a single unprovoked seizure. Medical records were accessed, where available, to complete a standardized case report form. Data were sought on seizure frequency, seizure type, investigations, etiology, comorbidities, and use of antiseizure medication. Cases were validated in each country, and the degree of certainty was graded as definite, probable, or suspect cases.

Results

From a total population of 237 757 in the four countries, 1988 (.8%) patients were identified as potential cases of epilepsy. Due to legal and ethical issues in the individual countries, medical records were available for only 1208 patients, and among these, 113 had insufficient clinical information. The remaining 1095 cases were classified as either definite (n = 706, 64.5%), probable (n = 191, 17.4%), suspect (n = 153, 14.0%), or not epilepsy (n = 45, 4.1%).

Significance

Although a precise prevalence estimate could not be generated from these data, the study found a high validity of epilepsy classification among evaluated cases (95.9%). More generally, this study highlights the significant challenges facing epidemiological research methodologies that are reliant on patient consent and retrospective chart review, largely due to the introduction of data protection legislation during the study period. Documentation of the epilepsy diagnosis was, in some cases, relatively low, indicating a need for improved guidelines for assessment, follow‐up, and documentation. This study highlights the need to address the concerns and requirements of recruitment sites to engage in epidemiological research.
Measurement of histological clearance margins in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rimbert Johan , Deshayes Chloé , Battistella Maxime , Cribier Bernard , Vergier Béatrice , Migeot Virginie , Frouin Eric
Published: September 2021

Aims

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common cancer, with a high risk of local recurrence. A quantifiable measurement of the histological margins of BCC in excisions is a recurrent demand of clinicians; however, there are currently no international guidelines indicating its value.

Methods and results

A questionnaire validated by four experts in dermatopathology and formatted under a ‘Google Forms’‐type interface was sent by e‐mail to physicians specializing in surgical pathology or dermatopathology and practising in France from 20 March 2018 to 20 May 2018. The results were compared between subgroups according to age and subspecialisation, especially dermatopathology. The questionnaire was completed by 225 practitioners. Microscopic margins were systematically measured in 77.3% of cases, sometimes in 19.6% and never in 3.1%. The main reason was to report factually insufficient margins (66.5%), followed by laboratory routine (45%) or clinician requests (43.1%). For 72% of respondents, the clinical or histopathological criteria did not influence their practice. The most used tool was a graduated ruler placed under a microscope (44.3% of cases). Compared to other groups, dermatopathologists measured BCC margins less systematically [only in certain situations (33.3 versus 14.9%) or never (10.5 versus 0.6%) (P < 0.001)] and used an eyepiece reticle more extensively (53.1 versus 29.8%; P = 0.0029).

Conclusion

The measurement of histological margins in BCC is common practice in France, although there are no recommendations. Our survey suggests that it represents a way for pathologists to specify an insufficient margin and therefore the need for scar revision.
Metabolic syndrome and body weight in people living with HIV infection: analysis of differences observed in three different cohort studies over a decade
Authors: Taramasso Lucia , Bonfanti Paolo , Ricci Elena , Maggi Paolo , Orofino Giancarlo , Squillace Nicola , Menzaghi Barbara , Madeddu Giordano , Molteni Chiara , Vichi Francesca , Riguccini Erika , Saracino Annalisa , Santoro Carmen , Guastavigna Marta , Francisci Daniela , Di Biagio Antonio , De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio ,   for the CISAI study group
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of being overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV (PHIV) in three different cross‐sectional studies conducted over three different periods: 2005, 2011 and 2015.

Methods

This was a multi‐centre, nationwide study. Data were collected in three studies from the CISAI group – SIMOne, HIV‐HY and STOPSHIV – and included a total of 3014 PHIV.

Logistic regression [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] was used to account for age and gender difference among three groups when comparing MS prevalence and being overweight; potential confounders were accounted for by including them in the regression equation.

Results

Overall, the mean age was 46.9 ± 10.2 years, and men comprised 73.3% of participants. Comparing 2005, 2011 and 2015, MS was present in 34.5%, 33.0% and 29.3% of PHIV, respectively. Adjusted OR for MS was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52–0.78) in 2011 and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46–0.69) in 2015 compared with 2005, while BMI (kg/m2) increased from 23.6 in 2005, 24.5 in 2011 and 24.5 in 2015, with a concomitant increase of being overweight from 29.4% to 39.5% to 39.6% (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In recent years, PHIV have had a significantly improved metabolic profile compared with previously, despite increasing weight and BMI.
Functionalized few‐layered graphene nanoplatelets for superior thermal management in heat transfer nanofluids
Authors: Wilhelm Michael , Ludwig Tim , Fischer Thomas , Yu Wenhua , Singh Dileep , Mathur Sanjay
Published: September 2021

The superior thermal conductivity and lightweight of graphene flakes make them materials of choice for advanced heat transfer applications, especially for transport of electricity from sustainable power stations such as concentrating solar power plants. In view of the excellent thermal conductivity of graphene or graphene‐like nanomaterials (3000–5000 W m−1 K−1), their dispersion into conventional host fluids such as water (0.613 W m−1 K−1) or ethylene glycol (0.25 W m−1 K−1) can significantly improve fluid heat transfer characteristics. The two‐dimensional structure and high surface area as well as the cost‐efficient carbon‐based material make graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) suitable for large‐scale applications in colloidal thermal conductive fluids. For an efficient dispersion of GNPs in base fluids, intrinsically hydrophobic GNPs were acid treated to obtain highly concentrated (4 wt.%) graphene‐based nanofluids. Investigations on various GNP sizes and reaction parameters showed significant influences on the resulting thermal conductivity values of the nanofluid. After 14 h measurements in a dormant system, the most efficient nanofluid reached a thermal conductivity of 0.586 W m−1 K−1 (the base fluid of 0.391 W m−1 K−1) and a low viscosity of 6.39 cP resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of 77%, when compared to the base fluid without particles.
Novel Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA‐16 catalysts for liquid‐phase phenol oxidation
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Li Zhuowei , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: September 2021

Novel catalysts of Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA‐16 (SBA‐16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) were synthesized, and their catalytic activities for phenol decomposition in the liquid phase were investigated. Lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) was selected as the promoter due to its contribution to the smooth migration of oxygen species in the lattice and the acceleration of phenol adsorption on the catalyst surface. Reducible Bi3+ ions were introduced in the LaOF lattice to provide oxygen supply ability to LaOF. Among the prepared catalysts, the highest activity was obtained for the 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% La0.99Bi0.01OF/SBA‐16 catalyst, which could remove 97% of phenol after 5 h of reaction at 80°C in an open‐air atmosphere.
Practice What You Preach: The Gender Pay Gap in Labor Union Compensation
Authors: Aleks Rachel , Saksida Tina , Kolahgar Sam
Published: September 2021

The existence of a gender pay gap has been well established in the literature but has remained unexplored within unions. Using 2000–2019 LM‐2 data, our study quantifies the gender pay gap among union officers and staff in United States national and local unions. We find evidence that women face a gender wage penalty, with female officers in local unions and female staff in both national and local unions being paid significantly less than their male counterparts.
A new methodological approach for simulating water deficit in soybean genotypes
Authors: do Nascimento Heloisa Rocha , Moura Lorena de Oliveira , Duarte Anunciene Barbosa , Dantas Stênio Andrey Guedes , Ferreira Dalton de Oliveira , Rosmaninho Lucas Barbosa de Castro , Cavallin Isabella Cristina , da Cunha Fernando França , da Silva Felipe Lopes
Published: September 2021

Methodologies for imposing stress and reproducible results are a bottleneck for breeding programmes, and this is due to the lack of consensus between the existing methodologies. The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a new methodology for imposing water deficit in soybean that allows the identification of water deficit‐tolerant genotypes, at different harvest times and phenological stages. The methodology was based on the construction of a water retention curve in the soil to determine the water stresses that indicate the field capacity and the permanent wilt point and, thus, define the water regime in the conditions of control and stress. Seven trials were carried out to validate the methodology. In trials 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the water deficit was imposed in the reproductive phase and the components of production were evaluated. In addition to these variables, leaf water potential was evaluated in trial 6. In trial 7, the plants were subjected to water deficit in the vegetative phase and the morphological traits were evaluated. The efficiency of the methodology was confirmed by the distinction between the conditions of control and stress, affirmed by the statistical differences in most of the traits evaluated in the reproductive and vegetative phases.
External validation and comparison of the predictive performance of 10 different tooth‐level prognostic systems
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Dukka Himabindu , Troiano Giuseppe , Ravidà Andrea , Galli Matthew , Qazi Musa , Greenwell Henry , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: September 2021

Aim

Tooth‐level prognostic systems can be used for treatment planning and risk assessment. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of 10 different tooth‐level risk assessment systems in terms of their ability to predict periodontal‐related tooth loss (TLP).

Materials and methods

Data were retrieved retrospectively from patients who received surgical and non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Data on medical history and smoking status at baseline and the last maintenance visit were collected. Ten tooth‐level prognostic systems were compared using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to analyse the prognostic capability of each system for predicting TLP risk.

Results

One‐hundred and forty‐eight patients with 3787 teeth, followed‐up for a mean period of 26.5 ± 7.4 years, were evaluated according to 10 different tooth‐level prognostic systems, making up a total of 37,870 individual measurements. All compared prognostic systems were able to stratify the risk of TLP at baseline when different classes of association were compared. After controlling for maintenance, age, and gender, all systems exhibited excellent predictive capacity for TLP with no system scoring a Harrell's C‐index less than 0.925.

Conclusions

All tooth‐level prognostic systems displayed excellent predictive capability for TLP. Overall, the Miller and McEntire system may have shown the best discrimination and model fit, followed by the Nunn et al. system.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens isolated from diseased fish in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Zhen , Han Qing‐Dian , Fu Long‐Wei , Wang Yong‐Xing , Sui Zhi‐Hai , Liu Yun‐Guo
Published: September 2021

The outbreaks of fungal diseases in cultured fish have been severe in recent years, which is harmful to the healthy and sustainable development of fish farming. In this study, an investigation was conducted for significant fungal infections of 12 species of fish in four regions in Xinjiang, China, to understand the distribution of local fish fungal pathogens. Twenty‐six fungal strains with pathogenicity were isolated, and the challenge experiment showed that eight strains from Changji area had high infection rate to fish eggs. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence data and molecular analysis, the 26 strains were classified into nine different species of six fungal genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clades, namely Cluster 1 (contains only the genusMucor) and Cluster 2 (consists of five small branches), and the distribution of strains from the same region was scattered in two clusters. There is no strict host selectivity for these fungi to infect fish.Mucorsp. are the main fungal pathogen of fish in these four regions, whereasHypophthalmichthys molitrixandCarassius auratusare two types of fish that were susceptible to pathogen. In addition, the environmental adaptability experiments showed that eight highly pathogenic strains have different adaptability to the environment, and their optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and 7.0, respectively, whereas the concentration of NaCl was negatively correlated with the growth of strains. Therefore, these results indicated that the coinfection of multiple fungal pathogens in a culture region should be considered in the future study.
“Ploughing the land five times”: Opium and agrarian change in the ceasefire landscapes of south‐western Shan State, Myanmar
Authors: Meehan Patrick
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the relationship between the illicit opium economy and processes of agrarian change in south‐western Shan State, Myanmar. This is a region where opium production has risen significantly since the 1990s despite the declining territorial control of insurgent groups long blamed for the country's illegal drug economy and alongside the deepening integration of the region's agriculture sector into national and global markets. This paper reveals how illicit opium cultivation has offered distressed smallholders a way to mitigate the worsening livelihood insecurities that have accompanied the commercialization of smallholder agriculture. Yet at the same time, opium cultivation has locked farmers into a set of highly unequal social relations that has enabled militias, businesspeople with ties to local (armed) authorities, moneylenders, and agricultural brokers to accumulate capital through their control over rural markets and credit systems while leaving poppy cultivators with little more than the means to reproduce their livelihoods. This paper thus shows how opium cultivation has enabled farmers to respond to worsening precarity by sustaining smallholder farming despite the worsening “reproduction squeeze” facing many households, although the opium economy has simultaneously played an instrumental role in reinforcing and deepening agrarian class relations.
How to Build a Network that Facilitates Firm‐level Innovation: An Integration of Structural and Managerial Perspectives
Authors: Reck Fabian , Fliaster Alexander , Kolloch Michael
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we examine to what extent the firm’s propensity to be embedded in a network with advantageous structural attributes is driven by its capabilities for network management. Specifically, we discern network management practices on two organizational levels (relationship management (RM) and portfolio management (PM)) and explore their effects on three dimensions of local network structure (network centrality (NC), knowledge complementarity (KC), and tie strength (TS)). To test our hypotheses, we collect sociometric survey data from the largest inter‐firm network in the German energy industry. The results indicate that intra‐firm processes for network management indeed are key enablers of structural network advantages. Further, we demonstrate that RM and PM exert distinct effects: PM helps the firm improve NC, RM leads to increased TS, and KC results from an additive effect of the two capabilities. In all, our work contributes to theory on strategic networks by providing an integrated perspective on how network structure and network management benefit innovation performance.
Retrospective study of aldosterone and progesterone secreting adrenal tumors in 10 cats
Authors: Harro Cailin C. , Refsal Kent R. , Shaw Nicole , Alston Samantha M. , Folger William , Gross Carolyn , Cousins W. Mark , Monahan Colleen F. , Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Langlois Daniel K.
Published: September 2021

Background

Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by adrenal neoplasia has been well described in cats. Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in a subset of affected cats, but characterizations of this syndrome are limited to several case reports.

Objectives

To describe a series of cats with adrenal tumors secreting aldosterone and additional corticosteroids.

Animals

Ten cats with multiple corticosteroid secreting adrenocortical tumors.

Methods

Retrospective case series. Medical records of cats with adrenal tumors secreting both aldosterone and progesterone were identified. Data concerning historical findings, clinicopathologic features, treatments, and outcomes were retrieved from medical records.

Results

All 10 cats had diabetes mellitus in addition to biochemical features of hyperaldosteronism such as hypokalemia. High corticosterone concentrations were observed in all 3 cats in which this corticosteroid was measured. Ultrasound examinations revealed unilateral adrenal tumors in all 10 cases, and the contralateral adrenal gland was either atrophied or not identified in 5 cats. Three of 4 cats developed hypoadrenocorticism after surgical adrenalectomy. Three cats achieved diabetic remission after adrenalectomy. Two cats treated with adrenalectomy survived >1 year, 1 cat survived 6.5 months, and 1 cat was alive 5.5 months after diagnosis. Survival >1 year occurred in 2 of 4 cats treated with medical management alone. Two cats were not treated.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The presence of multiple corticosteroid abnormalities should be considered in cats with aldosterone secreting adrenal tumors, especially those with concurrent diabetes mellitus. Both surgical and medical management can result in long‐term survival, although diabetic remission was documented only in cats undergoing adrenalectomy.
Cutaneous adenomyoepithelioma with histopathological heterogeneity: A case report
Authors: Shiomi Tatsushi , Matsuno Takeshi , Nishimura Hirotake , Moriya Takuya
Published: September 2021

Some skin adnexal tumors display both epithelial and myoepithelial cell populations and can be broadly categorized as biphasic tumors. These include apocrine hidrocystoma, mixed tumor, adenomyoepithelioma (AME), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Myoepithelioma is the myoepithelial cell‐predominant type in this category. Cutaneous AME is exceedingly rare and usually has a benign prognosis, but it is considered to have the potential for local recurrence and metastasis. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old man with a 1‐year history of an ulcerated nodule on his scalp. Microscopically, it was a defined cutaneous nodule with a focal lobulated architecture, composed of epithelial cells forming ducts and myoepithelial cells distributed around the ducts. In addition to these findings of typical AME, the present case focally revealed atypical features, such as increased mitotic activity (7/10 high power fields), invasive growth, and necrosis. However, cytological atypia was not significant. We conclusively diagnosed cutaneous AME with atypical features, suggesting malignant potential. Moreover, areas showing appearances similar to apocrine hidrocystoma, mixed tumor, myoepithelioma, and ACC were focally observed. We present a unique case of cutaneous AME exhibiting histopathological heterogeneity. The recognition of morphological variation could be helpful in appropriately diagnosing and treating AME of the skin.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals and blood cell morphology in South American pit vipers (Bothrops pubescens)
Authors: Bilhalva Lina C. , Winter Acácia B. , Oberrather Karina , Toso Marina R. , Oliveira Thaiane A. , Almeida Bruno A. , Soares João Fabio , Valle Stella F.
Published: September 2021

Background

The maintenance of snakes in captivity for venom extraction and antivenom production is essential due to the high incidence of snake envenomation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Hematology and biochemistry are valuable in the laboratory evaluation of these animals, which indirectly improves their health and welfare.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine the reference intervals for hematologic and plasma biochemistry variables inBothrops pubescenssnakes kept in captivity and to examine sex variation.

Methods

Blood samples from 20 healthyB pubescenssnakes were collected for hematologic and biochemistry evaluations and compared between sexes. The sample analysis consisted of a complete blood count using manual methods previously described, and blood cell morphology evaluation. Plasma biochemistry consisted of albumin, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total plasma protein measurements.

Results

Hematologic and biochemical variables were demonstrated to be different when compared with previously published values. A difference between the sexes was not observed forB pubescens.

Conclusions

Given that many illnesses can lead to laboratory alterations, knowledge about the reference intervals of healthy captive animals is essential to evaluate the health status and correct management of these snakes.
Cytologic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in an Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus): Papanicolaou stain and immunocytochemistry using liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Ueda Keiichi , Minakawa Tomoko , Oshiro Mariko , Kamoshida Shingo , Sugiura Yuki , Suzuki Miwa , Nishiyama Akira
Published: September 2021

Although oral cytology using Papanicolaou stain is useful for the early detection of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in people, little work has been conducted on this topic in veterinary medicine. This paper describes the features of oral cytology using Papanicolaou stain and immunocytochemistry on liquid‐based cytology slides in a case of oral SCC in an Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). In this case, dysplastic cells with koilocyte‐like changes and SCC cells were identified using the Papanicolaou stain. These cells were positive for p53 using an immunocytochemistry analysis. A cytologic diagnosis of SCC was made. We believe that the early detection of premalignant oral lesions and SCC in dolphins can be significantly improved with cytology using liquid‐based cytology, Papanicolaou staining, and immunocytochemistry.
Mapping and Estimation of Above-ground Grass Biomass using Sentinel 2A Satellite Data
Authors: Muhammad Zumo Isa , Hashim Mazlan , Hassan Noor Dyana
Published: September 2021

Above-Ground Grass Biomass (AGGB) mapping and estimation is one of the important parameters for environmental ecosystem and grazing-lands management, particularly for livestock farming. However, previous models for estimation of AGGB with satellite imagery has some difficulty in choosing a particular satellite and vegetation index that can build a good estimation model at a higher accuracy. This study explores the potentiality of Sentinel 2A data to derive a satellite-based model for AGGB mapping and estimation. The study area was Skudai, Johor in Malaysia Peninsular. Grass parameters of forty grass sample units were measured in the field and their corresponding AGGB was later measured in the laboratory. The samples were used for modelling and assessment. Four indices were tested for their fitness in modelling AGGB from the satellite data. The result from the grass allometric analysis indicates that grass height and volume demonstrate good relationship with the measured AGGB (R² = 0.852 and 0.837 respectively). Vegetation Index Number (VIN) has the best fit for modeling AGGB (R2 = 0.840) compared to other vegetation indices. The derived satellite AGGB estimate was validated with the assessment field and allometry derived AGGB at RMSE = 15.89g and 44.45g, respectively. This study demonstrate that VIN derived from Sentinel 2A MSI satellite data can be used to model AGGB estimation at a good accuracy. Therefore, it will contribute to providing reliable information on AGGB of grazing lands for sustainable livestock farming.
The Riyadh Urban Growth Boundary: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting its Efficiency on Restraining Sprawl
Authors: Amer Mohamed Saleh , Majid Mohammad Rafee , Ledraa Tahar A.
Published: September 2021

Recently, research on sprawl was increasing due to its impacts on the economy, society, and environment. Several studies have focused on the application of containment strategies to curb urban sprawl. Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) were among the containment policies adopted to tackle the issue of sprawling cities. This paper set out to undertake an analysis of the factors influencing the performance of the UGB of Riyadh City. A qualitative data analysis using NVivo12 software was adopted. To collect the required data of UGB, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine experts involved in urban management, Riyadh city development, and other planning agencies. If the application of UGB policy in the western countries has managed to restrain more or less city sprawl, its replication to the case of Riyadh seems to have had some adverse impacts. That is, instead of controlling urban sprawl, it has stimulated it. The reasons may lie in the deficiency of monitoring and evaluation of urban studies, free provision of infrastructure, and lack of coordination between different city planning agencies. Understanding the factors affecting the UGB efficiency​will assist policymakers and urban planners in reducing the spread of scattered and leapfrog residential development, lowering the cost of service supply and promoting infill development
Application of the INDI Model of the HQE²R Approach to Assess the Sustainability of a Neighbourhood: Case of Jijel City in Algeria
Authors: Roula Fouad , Bouchair Ammar
Published: September 2021

Increased interest in developing sustainable urban areas has become an important feature in recent urban development studies. In fact, the question of neighbourhood sustainability assessment is a major part of this interest. Accordingly, a number of methods and tools for evaluating sustainable development projects in the urban areas have emerged particularly at district level. However, the urban development in Algeria is far from having achieved a clearly defined frame. This work therefore aims to demonstrate the contribution of sustainability assessment to any development project as well as the importance of the district level as a lever for local sustainable development. For this study, the district of the “Beach” formerly known as “Casino” located Jijel city centre, in Algeria, is chosen as a case study. We will focus on the assessment of its current state in relation to the principles and objectives of sustainable development, through a shared diagnosis of the Heritage, environmental Quality, Diversity, Integration, social Link (HQDIL) method and the INDicators Impact (INDI) model of the High Environmental Quality (HQE2R) approach. Along the same lines, a comparison between its initial state and the proposed development project by the land use plan study was made. The results obtained enabled us to draw up a detailed representation of each indicator on a sustainability scale. This led to deduce the degree of sustainability of the “Beach” district, thus to define the weak points, the strong points and to lead to a reflection on the issues and the action plan to be taken into account during a sustainable intervention on the latter. This work provides an aid to decision-making for researchers and urban actors, in order to orient urban development or renewal projects towards sustainability
The Aggressive Behaviour in Sports Among Athletes In A Public University
Authors: Bazli Nur Nabila , Mohd Sukor Mohammad Saipol , Mahfar Mastura , Abu Bakar Thuaibah@Suaibah
Published: September 2021

Collegiate athletes displayed different aggressive tendencies in an off-field situation based on the sports that they play. This study was conducted to identify the level and differences of aggressive behavior among athletes in a public university in Malaysia. A total of 91 student-athletes that represented different types of sports participated in this study. The instrument used to measure the aggressive behaviour among athletes was the Aggression Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the level of aggressive behaviour and the independent t-test was used to analyze the differences of aggressive behaviour based on demographic factors such as gender and types of sports. The findings revealed that the level of aggressive behaviour among athletes in the university are at a low level and there is no significant differences in aggressive behaviour based on gender and types of sports. This study contributes to the literature on the aggressive behavior in the context of student-athletes in higher education institution.
Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi Pemimpin dan Kesejahteraan Psikologi Pekerja
Authors: Ahmad Tulis Hairunisak , Mohd Yusof Halimah
Published: September 2021

Leadership style is often mentioned in organizational behavioral sciences because leaders plays an important role in deciding the success of an organization. This research focuses on identifying the transformational leadership style practiced by the leader, identifying the level of employee psychological well-being, and examining the relationship between the leader's transformational leadership style and employee psychological well-being. In this study, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 software was used to analyze data from the questionnaire. The quantitative method used to obtain information and data, which is to distribute questionnaire among the leaders at a developer company in Johor Bahru. A total of 80 respondents were selected to participate in this research. Respondents are subordinate workers who evaluate their leader. The results show that the level of transformational leadership among the leaders in that company is at high level.  The findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between the transformation of style leadership and well-being of psychological well-being. This study will provide information to the organization and assist leaders and leaders in creating a work environment that enhance the psychological well-being of employees.
The Attitude of Muhammadiyah Smokers Towards Smoking Illicit (Haram) Fatwas
Authors: Hamzah Imam Faisal , Akbar Zaldhi Yusuf
Published: September 2021

This study aims to understand the dynamics of smoking attitudes and behavior in Muhammadiyah residents. This research uses qualitative research methods by using case studies. The three informans are the management of the Regional Leader Major Islamic non Govermental Organization in Indonesia (Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah - PDM) of the Banyumas region and the Muhammadiyah Tobacco Control Center (MTCC) of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, where three participants are smokers of Muhammadiyah residents. The study found four factors that caused Muhammadiyah residents to smoke after the issuance of the prohibited fatwa on smoking, namely the meaning of the fatwa that was still being prepared, subjective, faith that was still weak, and fatwa added more in accordance with medical assistance.
Reading Interest to Millennial Students: Reading Self-Concept and Perceptions of Parental Involvement as Predictors
Authors: Tupen Ama Roy Gustaf , Widyana Rahma
Published: September 2021

Purpose - this study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept of reading with reading interest in elementary school students; to determine the relationship between perceptions of parental involvement with reading interest in elementary school students; and to find out the relationship between self-concept of reading and perceptions of parental involvement in stimulants with reading interest. Methods - This research uses a correlational quantitative method. In this study, researchers used a scale, there are reading interest scale, the scale of self-concept reading, and the scale of perception of parental involvement. The sample in this study was 47 elementary school students. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the characteristics of male and female students of elementary school, grades 3, 4 and 5, ages 8 to 11 years, living with parents and having good reading fluency. The analysis used is Pearson product moment correlation analysis and regression analysis. Findings - the results of the analysis show (1) There is a positive relationship between self-concept of reading with reading interest in students with a correlation coefficient (rxy) of 0.652 (p <0.01) with a contribution of 42.5%; (2) there is a positive relationship between the perception of parental involvement with reading interest in students with a correlation coefficient (rxy) of 0.697 (p <0.01) with a contribution of 48.6% and there is a relationship between the concept of self-reading and perception of parental involvement stimulants with interest in reading with a value of r = 0.690; F = 28,383; (p <0.01) with a contribution of 56.3% to interest in reading. The score of reading interest category is in the medium category with 83.00%, while the self-concept reading variable is in the high category with 59.70% and the perception variable of parental involvement is in the medium category with 93.00%. The findings of this study indicate that the importance of parental involvement and reading self-concepts in students increases student reading interest.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Determinants of Entrepreneurship Career Inclination among Entrepreneurship Club Members in Secondary School/ Analisis Faktor Pengesahan Bagi Peramal Kecenderungan Kerjaya Keusahawanan dalam Kalangan Ahli Kelab Keusahawanan Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Wan Nawang Wan Mohd Zaifurin , Wan Mohamad Wan Izyani Adilah , Mamat Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurship is a tool that the Malaysian Governmentsed to uplift income from the middle-income trap. Therefore, this study aims to identify the predictor factors that influence the inclination of entrepreneurship club members towards the entrepreneurship career by using factor analysis to achieve the Government goal through the Ministry of Education Malaysia.  In other words, this study uses several tests related to validation factor analysis to determine the predictor factors that influence the propensity of entrepreneurship club members towards entrepreneurship careers. This study involved 161 respondents who were members of secondary school entrepreneurship clubs in the State of Terengganu who were randomly selected.  Data gathered were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) involving factor analysis and descriptive test. The factor analysis has identified nine predictor factors. The first predictor factor is role model, followed by a barrier, social identity, personality, entrepreneurship skill, social norm, financial, entrepreneurship knowledge, and prosperity. Prosperity was the new predictor factor that was identified using factor analysis in this research. The descriptive test found that the most influenced predictor factor of the entrepreneurship career inclination was finance, followed by personality, social identification, role model, social norm, prosperity, and barrier. Meanwhile, entrepreneurship knowledge was found as a predictor factor which uncertain in influencing the entrepreneurship career inclination among secondary school entrepreneurship club members in the State of Terengganu. The results of this study imply that the Government should give financial factors the priority through the Ministry of Education in formulating policies towards producing more young generation of entrepreneurs in Malaysia because that predictor has a positive impact on secondary school students who were the members of entrepreneurship clubs.
Numerical Exploration on Snap Buckling of a Pre-Stressed Hemispherical Gridshell
Authors: Huang Weicheng , Qin Longhui , Chen Qiang
Published: September 2021

Motivated by the observations of snap-through phenomena in pre-stressed strips and curved shells, we numerically investigate the snapping of a pre-buckled hemispherical gridshell under apex load indentation. Our experimentally validated numerical framework on elastic gridshell simulation combines two components: (i) discrete elastic rods method, for the geometrically nonlinear description of one-dimensional rods, and (ii) a naive penalty-based energy functional, to perform the non-deviation condition between two rods at joint. An initially planar grid of slender rods can be actuated into a three-dimensional hemispherical shape by loading its extremities through a prescribed path, known as buckling-induced assembly; next, this pre-buckled structure can suddenly change its bending direction at some threshold points when compressing its apex to the other side. We find that the hemispherical gridshell can undergo snap-through buckling through two different paths based on two different apex loading conditions. The structural rigidity increases as the number of rods in the gridshell structure becomes denser, which emphasizes the mechanically nonlocal property in hollow grids, in contrast to the local response of continuum shells. The findings may bridge the gap among rods, grids, knits, and shells, for a fundamental understanding of a group of thin elastic structures, and inspire the design of novel micro-electro-mechanical systems and functional metamaterials.