bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bait-attending amphipods of the Tonga Trench and depth-stratified population structure in the scavenging amphipod Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959
Authors: Wilson James P.A. , Schnabel Kareen E. , Rowden Ashley A. , Peart Rachael A. , Kitazato Hiroshi , Ryan Ken G.
Published: December 2018

Background

The hadal zone encompasses the deepest parts of the world’s ocean trenches from depths of ∼6,000–11,000 m. The communities observed at these depths are dominated by scavenging amphipods that rapidly intercept and consume carrion as it falls to the deepest parts of the trenches. New samples collected in the Tonga Trench provide an opportunity to compare the amphipod assemblages and the population structure of a dominant species, Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959, between trenches and with earlier data presented for the Tonga Trench, and other trenches in the South Pacific.

Methods

Over 3,600 individual scavenging amphipods across 10 species were collected in seven baited traps at two sites; in the Horizon Deep site, the deepest part of the Tonga Trench (10,800 m) and a site directly up-slope at the trench edge (6,250 m). The composition of the bait-attending amphipods is described and a morphometric analysis of H. dubia examines the bathymetric distribution of the different life stages encountered.

Results

The amphipod assemblage was more diverse than previously reported, seven species were recorded for the first time from the Tonga Trench. The species diversity was highest at the shallower depth, with H. dubia the only species captured at the deepest site. At the same time, the abundance of amphipods collected at 10,800 m was around sevenfold higher than at the shallower site. H. dubia showed clear ontogenetic vertical structuring, with juveniles dominant at the shallow site and adults dominant at the deep site. The amphipods of the deeper site were always larger at comparable life stage.

Discussion

The numbers of species encountered in the Tonga Trench is less than reported from the New Hebrides and Kermadec trenches, and six species encountered are shared across trenches. These findings support the previous suggestion that the fauna of the New Hebrides, Tonga and Kermadec Trenches may represent a single biogeographic province. The ontogenetic shift in H. dubia between the two Tonga Trench sites supports the hypothesis of interspecific competition at the shallower bathymetric range of the species, and the presence of competitive physiological advantages that allow the adults at the trench axis to exploit the more labile organic material that reaches the bottom of the trench.
RIP-MD: a tool to study residue interaction networks in protein molecular dynamics
Authors: Contreras-Riquelme Sebastián , Garate Jose-Antonio , Perez-Acle Tomas , Martin Alberto J.M.
Published: December 2018

Protein structure is not static; residues undergo conformational rearrangements and, in doing so, create, stabilize or break non-covalent interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a technique used to simulate these movements with atomic resolution. However, given the data-intensive nature of the technique, gathering relevant information from MD simulations is a complex and time consuming process requiring several computational tools to perform these analyses. Among different approaches, the study of residue interaction networks (RINs) has proven to facilitate the study of protein structures. In a RIN, nodes represent amino-acid residues and the connections between them depict non-covalent interactions. Here, we describe residue interaction networks in protein molecular dynamics (RIP-MD), a visual molecular dynamics (VMD) plugin to facilitate the study of RINs using trajectories obtained from MD simulations of proteins. Our software generates RINs from MD trajectory files. The non-covalent interactions defined by RIP-MD include H-bonds, salt bridges, VdWs, cation-π, π–π, Arginine–Arginine, and Coulomb interactions. In addition, RIP-MD also computes interactions based on distances between Cαs and disulfide bridges. The results of the analysis are shown in an user friendly interface. Moreover, the user can take advantage of the VMD visualization capacities, whereby through some effortless steps, it is possible to select and visualize interactions described for a single, several or all residues in a MD trajectory. Network and descriptive table files are also generated, allowing their further study in other specialized platforms. Our method was written in python in a parallelized fashion. This characteristic allows the analysis of large systems impossible to handle otherwise. RIP-MD is available at http://www.dlab.cl/ripmd.
The Role of an Array of Routine Clinical Variables to the Occurrence and Severity of Postoperative Pneumonia in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Shen Qingwei , LAI Yutian , Li Xiaoqu , Ji Yanli , Zhou Kun
Published: December 2018

Background and purpose:

Data of an array of preoperative/intraoperative clinical variables may carry significant information for predicting the probability of postoperative pneumonia or chest infection in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We aimed to investigate the association between those variables and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia (POP) as well as the severity of POP, based on routine laboratory tests, basic characteristics, and perioperative variables during the in-hospital period.

Methods:

A consecutive series of NSCLC patients undergoing lung cancer lobectomy at our department from January 2014 and December 2015 was used as the target patient group and stratified into 2 groups: pneumonia (POP) and non-pneumonia (N-POP), according to occurrence of pneumonia after lobectomy in 30 days. The POP was classified into 5 severity grades, based on the Clavien-Dindo complication classification system.

Results:

Regarding binary logistic regression analysis for risk factors of POP, the following were found to be the independent risk factors of the occurrence of POP: postoperative predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second [ppoFEV1%; odds ratio (OR): 0.996, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.993–0.999; P = 0.021]; Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score >3 (OR: 2.694, 95% CI: 1.462–4.965; P = 0.001); American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)score >3 (OR: 2.066, 95% CI: 1.060–4.029; P = 0.033); postoperative predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung (ppoDlco%; OR: 0.458, 95% CI: 0.090–0.809; P = 0.014); and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; OR: 2.171, 95% CI: 1.721–2.737; P < 0.001). With regard to risk factors analysis of pneumonia severity via ordinal polytomous logistic regression, the following were the independent risk factors: early stage (OR: 0.626, 95% CI: 0.422–0.929, P = 0.020); CCI score >3 (OR: 1.914, 95% CI: 1.058–3.459, P = 0.032); ppoDlco% (OR: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.445–0.914, P = 0.014); and NLR (OR: 1.218, 95% CI: 1.031–1.436, P = 0.020).

Conclusion:

Among an array of clinical variables in the hospital, major risk factors for POP following LC surgery were ppoFEV1%, ppoDlco%, NLR, ASA score >3, and CCI score>3; meanwhile, ppoDlco%, CCI score>3, NLR, and early tumor stage were the key predictors of POP severity.
Preoperative Chemotherapy on Functional Liver Regeneration for Colorectal Liver Metastases Assessed With 99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT Imaging
Authors: Beppu Toru , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yoshida Morikatsu , Nitta Hidetoshi , Imai Katsunori , Okabe Hirohisa , Miyata Tatsunori , Higashi Takaaki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Masuda Toshiro , Hashimoto Daisuke , Miyamoto Yuji , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Shiraishi Shinya , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Baba Hideo
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To investigate the functional liver regeneration after chemotherapy and liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Background/Purpose:

Preoperative chemotherapy followed by liver resection for CRLM has been increasing; however, its negative impact on liver regeneration remains unknown.

Methods:

From January 2009 to December 2013, we enrolled 40 selected patients who underwent major hepatectomy without viral hepatitis and severe liver fibrosis. CRLM patients with preoperative chemotherapy (CT-CRLM group, n = 12) and patients without preoperative chemotherapy (control group, n = 28) were evaluated. Liver volume (LV) and functional liver volume (FLV) was assessed using Tc-99m–labeled galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), CT-fused images. Preoperative, future remnant liver, and post 1-month values were compared.

Results:

Median course of preoperative chemotherapy was 8 (range: 6–16). Preoperative background factors were almost identical including resection rate and functional resection rate. In the CT-CRLM group and in the control group, the percentage increases in LV were 39.3% ± 29.0% and 23.2% ± 23.5% (P = 0.037), and FLV were 79.4% ± 43.1% and 57.0% ± 33.4% (P = 0.417), respectively; absolute differences in LV were 216.2 ± 155.7 cm3 and 148.7 ± 134.7 cm3 (P = 0.086) and FLV were 19.4% ± 8.5%/m2 and 17.4% ± 7.9%/m2 (P = 0.235), respectively. We found no obvious tendency for negative influence on liver functional regeneration by the preoperative regimens for CRLM.

Conclusions:

Several courses of preoperative chemotherapy may not affect functional liver regeneration for CRLM patients after major hepatectomy.
Time‐resolved interaction proteomics of the GIGANTEA protein under diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis
Authors: Krahmer Johanna , Goralogia Greg S. , Kubota Akane , Zardilis Argyris , Johnson Richard S. , Song Young Hun , MacCoss Michael J. , Le Bihan Thierry , Halliday Karen J. , Imaizumi Takato , Millar Andrew J.
Published: December 2018

The plant‐specific protein GIGANTEA (GI) controls many developmental and physiological processes, mediating rhythmic post‐translational regulation. GI physically binds several proteins implicated in the circadian clock, photoperiodic flowering, and abiotic stress responses. To understand GI's multifaceted function, we aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively identify potential interactors of GI in a time‐specific manner, using proteomics on Arabidopsis plants expressing epitope‐tagged GI. We detected previously identified (in)direct interactors of GI, as well as proteins implicated in protein folding, or degradation, and a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR6 (CDF6). We verified CDF6's direct interaction with GI, and ZEITLUPE/FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX 1/LIGHT KELCH PROTEIN 2 proteins, and demonstrated its involvement in photoperiodic flowering. Extending interaction proteomics to time series provides a data resource of candidate protein targets for GI's post‐translational control.
Stretchable Thermoplastic Elastomer Optical Fibers for Sensing of Extreme Deformations
Authors: Leber Andreas , Cholst Beth , Sandt Joseph , Vogel Nicolas , Kolle Mathias
Published: December 2018

The design of advanced materials with coupled optical and mechanical properties is an important challenge in materials science; especially, the implementation of soft materials in optics has recently gained significant interest. Soft optical systems are particularly versatile in sensing, where large and repeated deformations require dynamically responsive materials. Here, stretchable step‐index optical fibers, which are capable of reversibly sustaining strains of up to 300% while guiding light, are demonstrated. A continuous and scalable melt‐flow process is used to coextrude two thermoplastic elastomers, thereby forming the fibers' high index core‐low index cladding structure. Deformation of the fibers through stretching, bending, and indentation induces detectable, predictable, reversible, and wavelength‐dependent changes in light transmission. Quantitative knowledge about the coupling of the fibers' mechanical and optical properties forms the basis for the design of fiber‐based sensors that are capable of reliably assessing extreme mechanical stimuli. The fibers utility in sensing scenarios is demonstrated in a knee brace for continuous knee motion tracking, a glove for control of a virtual hand model, and a tennis racket capable of locating ball impacts. Such devices can greatly improve quantitative assessment of human motion in rehabilitation, sports, and anywhere else where large deformations need to be monitored reliably.
Extremely Light Carrier‐Effective Mass in a Distorted Simple Metal Oxide
Authors: Kim Gowoon , Zhang Yu‐Qiao , Min Taewon , Suh Hoyoung , Jang Jae Hyuck , Kong Hyeonjun , Lee Joonhyuk , Lee Jaekwang , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Lee Inwon , Cho Jinhyung , Ohta Hiromichi , Jeen Hyoungjeen
Published: December 2018

Exotic electron transport properties such as quasi 1D conductivity are useful to realize advanced electronic devices showing unique properties. Anisotropic electron transport properties are often found in complex metal oxides due to their complicated crystal structures. Although simple metal oxides with distorted crystal structures could also be expected to show anisotropic electron transport properties, it is rarely studied most likely due to the lack of their high‐quality epitaxial films. Here anisotropic electron transport properties, showing “fast electron transport path,” in a simple distorted metal oxide, NbO2, is reported. High‐quality NbO2 epitaxial films with different crystallographic orientations on (0001) and (102) α‐Al2O3 single crystal substrates are fabricated, and the electron transport properties at room temperature are measured. Both the resistivity and absolute value of the thermopower along the [11] NbO2 is pretty small as compared with other directions. Experimentally obtained electron carrier effective mass in the [11] direction is surprisingly small, only 0.051 me, which is similar to that of high‐mobility GaAs. Since simple metal oxides have several advantages against complex oxides in view of easy fabrication, the present results will be beneficial for realizing advanced electronic devices using simple metal oxides.
Ein maskiertes Kupferhydrid als Katalysator für die Carbonylhydrosilylierung in wässrigen Lösungen
Authors: Ritter Florian , Mukherjee Debabrata , Spaniol Thomas P. , Hoffmann Alexander , Okuda Jun
Published: December 2018

Ein redoxinstabiles Kupferhydridotriphenylborat konnte als thermisch stabiles, N‐heterocyclisches Carbenaddukt [(IPr)Cu(HBPh3)] (IPr=1,3‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐yliden) isoliert werden. Obwohl eine Kontaktionenpaar‐Struktur vorliegt, konnte bei der Hydrosilylierung von Carbonylen eine CuIH‐artige katalytische Aktivität beobachtet werden. Eine ausreichende Stabilität gegenüber Feuchtigkeit ermöglichte die Katalyse in wässrigen organischen Lösungsmitteln. Bei mechanistischen Untersuchungen konnte eine Abstraktion einer Phenylgruppe des [(IPr)Cu]+‐Kations von einem Borat‐Anion beobachtet werden, wobei [(IPr)2Cu2(μ‐Ph)][BPh4] als kationischer Organokupferkomplex erhalten wurde.
Alkalimetallamid‐stabilisierte Titancarben‐Komplexe
Authors: Osseili Hassan , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Englert Ulli , Okuda Jun
Published: December 2018

Die α‐H‐Eliminierung in Tetrakis(trimethylsilylmethyl)titan‐Vorstufen unter Bildung von (Alkyliden)bis(alkyl)titan‐Komplexen wird durch Metallamide leichter Alkalimetalle mit makrozyklischen Liganden Me3TACD [(Me3TACD)H=1,4,7‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan] vom NNNN‐Typ hervorgerufen. Im Kristall wechselwirkt das Alkalimetall mit dem Carben‐Kohlenstoffatom oder der CH2‐Gruppe des Trimethylsilymethylliganden. Der nukleophile Charakter des Carben‐Kohlenstoffatoms wurde durch die Reaktionen mit Benzophenon und mit terminalen Acetylenen gezeigt.
Subsurface Carbon: A General Feature of Noble Metals
Authors: Piqué Oriol , Koleva Iskra Z. , Viñes Francesc , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Illas Francesc
Published: December 2018

Carbon moieties on late transition metals are regarded as poisoning agents in heterogeneous catalysis. Recent studies show the promoting catalytic role of subsurface C atoms in Pd surfaces and their existence in Ni and Pt surfaces. Here energetic and kinetic evidence obtained by accurate simulations on surface and nanoparticle models shows that such subsurface C species are a general issue to consider even in coinage noble‐metal systems. Subsurface C is the most stable situation in densely packed (111) surfaces of Cu and Ag, with sinking barriers low enough to be overcome at catalytic working temperatures. Low‐coordinated sites at nanoparticle edges and corners further stabilize them, even in Au, with negligible subsurface sinking barriers. The malleability of low‐coordinated sites is key in the subsurface C accommodation. The incorporation of C species decreases the electron density of the surrounding metal atoms, thus affecting their chemical and catalytic activity.
Fluorescent boron Schiff bases dyes for staining silk fibroin: Green synthesis, structural characterization, DFT, and photophysical properties
Authors: Molina‐Paredes Areli A. , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor M. , Lara‐Cerón Jesús A. , Moggio Ivana , Arias Eduardo , Santillán Rosa , Sánchez Mario , Saucedo‐Yañez Alma , Muñoz‐Flores Blanca M.
Published: December 2018

Five novel organoboron complexes were synthesized in just 15 min via microware irradiation, by one pot multicomponent reactions between diverse aryl aldehydes with benzoylhydrazide, or 4‐nitrobenzoylhidrazine and diphenyl boronic acid, in a 1:1:1 ratio in benzene. The products were characterized by 1H, 13C, 11B NMR, UV, IR, spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The molecular structure was also determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction for two complexes, which showed the tetra‐coordination of the boron atoms giving rise to distorted tetrahedral molecular geometry with a strong intermolecular C‐H···π interactions. In spite of the low quantum yields exhibited by the series in solution, some complexes stained uniformly the silk fibroins emitting enough fluorescence to allow its characterization by confocal microscopy. Boron as chelate center of the five complexes resulted not to be toxic for B16F10 cells, these compounds are appropriate for their used in medical applications.
Geometrical structure, electronic and nonlinear optical properties of square‐planar heteroleptic complexes containing bypridine and pyrazine dithiolate derivatives as dye‐sensitized solar cell: A DFT study
Authors: Samiee Sepideh , Taghvaeian Samira
Published: December 2018

The structural stability, optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the designed heteroleptic complexes [M (diimine)(dithiolate)] {M = Ni, Pd and Pt; diimine = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy); dithiolate = pyrazine‐2,3‐dithiolate (pdt), uinoxaline‐2,3‐dithiolate (qdt) and 2,5‐dicyano‐2,3‐dithiolatepyrazine (dcdmp)} were determined by means of the density functional theory (DFT) method and time‐dependent‐DFT calculations. Natural bond orbital analyses are also performed for scrutinizing the structural properties of the considered heteroleptic complexes. This study compared the sensitization properties of all complexes in terms of their electronic properties, such as molecular orbital distribution, gap energy (Eg), absorbed wavelength (λmax), light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), charge transfer descriptors, dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and first hyperpolarizability (β0). Based on the obtained results, it can be induced that the change of metal center and dithiolate ligands plays a key role in tuning optoelectronic properties, especially the LHE and hyperpolarizability. Also the results reveal that Pt as metal center with qdt ligand considerably increases their electronic and NLO properties. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis showed that the formation of these complexes is exothermic, and the synthesis of all considered complexes will be possible at 298 K and 1 atm. To sum up, it seems that these designed complexes could be introduced as promising new electro‐optical materials.
Lysosome‐targeted Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Anticancer Complexes Bearing Phosphine‐Sulfonate Ligands
Authors: Du Qing , Zhao Liping , Guo Lihua , Ge Xingxing , Zhang Shumiao , Xu Zhishan , Liu Zhe
Published: December 2018

The synthesis, characterization and biological activity of four cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes (Ir1‐Ir4) containing different phosphine‐sulfonate ligands are reported. Most of these complexes showed good activity against A549 cancer cell lines and the human HeLa cervical cell lines. Spectroscopic properties study displays that all four complexes show rich fluorescence with emission maxima in the range of 474–510 nm. Fluorescence property of these complexes provides a tool to investigate the microscopic mechanism by confocal microscopy. Notably, the typical Ir (III) complex Ir4 can specially localize to lysosome, damage it and induce cell death via apoptosis. In addition, Ir4 enters into A549 cancer cells dominantly through energy‐dependent pathway.
Myofibril Assembly in Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes
Authors: White Jennifer , Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Dube Dipak K. , Sanger Joseph W. , Sanger Jean M.
Published: December 2018

The formation of myofibrils was analyzed in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes grown in culture and stained with fluorescent antibodies directed against myofibrillar proteins. The cardiomyocyte cultures also were exposed to siRNA probes to test the role of nonmuscle myosin IIB expression in the formation of myofibrils. In culture, new myofibrils formed in the spreading cell margins surrounding contractile myofibrils previously assembled in utero. Observations indicated that assembly of mature myofibrils occurred in three‐stages, as previously reported in cultured mouse skeletal muscle. Premyofibrils, characterized by minisarcomeres with nonmuscle myosin IIB and muscle‐specific alpha‐actinin bound to actin filaments, formed in the first stage; followed by nascent myofibrils, the second stage when muscle myosin II and titin were first detected. In the mature myofibril stage muscle myosin II filaments aligned in periodic A‐Bands; late assembling proteins, including myomesin and telethonin, were integrated in the sarcomeres, and nonmuscle IIB was absent from the sarcomeres. Treatment of the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes with gene‐specific siRNAs for nonmuscle myosin IIB, led to a marked decrease in the formation of premyofibrils, and subsequently of mature myofibrils. Anat Rec, 301:2067–2079, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing Multivalent Ligands to Control Biological Interactions: From Vaccines and Cellular Effectors to Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Arsiwala Ammar , Castro Ana , Frey Steven , Stathos Mark , Kane Ravi S.
Published: December 2018

Multivalent interactions in which multiple ligands on one object bind to multiple receptors on another are commonly found in natural biological systems. In addition, these interactions can lead to increased strength and selectivity when compared to the corresponding monovalent interaction. These attributes have also guided the design of synthetic multivalent ligands to control biological interactions. This review will highlight the recent literature describing the use of multivalent ligand display in the design of vaccines, immunomodulators, cell signaling effectors, and vehicles for targeted drug delivery.
50‐Hz MF does not affect global DNA methylation of SH‐SY5Y cells treated with the neurotoxin MPP+
Authors: Benassi Barbara , Santangeli Stefania , Merla Caterina , Tarantini Letizia , Bollati Valentina , Butera Alessio , Marino Carmela , Consales Claudia
Published: December 2018

Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) has been associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still debated. Since epigenetics play a key role in the neurodegenerative process, we investigated whether exposure to ELF‐MF (50 Hz, 1 mT) might affect global DNA methylation of SH‐SY5Y dopaminergic‐like neuroblastoma cells. We assessed the percentage of 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) of three repetitive interspersed sequences (ALU, LINE‐1, or SATα), through pyrosequencing analysis. We demonstrated that ELF exposure (up to 72 h) does not induce any change in the methylation pattern of ALU, LINE‐1, and SATα in both proliferating and differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells. Furthermore, when administered in combination with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurotoxin mimicking the Parkinson's Disease (PD) phenotype, ELF‐MF exposure does not trigger any modulation in the percentage of 5‐mC of the repetitive elements. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to 50‐Hz MF does not affect global DNA methylation in proliferating and dopaminergic differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells, either under basal culture conditions or under neurotoxic stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:33–41, 2019. © 2018 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Spontane Geschichten, spontane Philosophien. Wissenschaftskonzepte im akademischen Unterricht
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph
Published: December 2018

Spontaneous Histories, Spontaneous Philosophies: Concepts of Science in Academic Training. Science studies and history of science usually focus on exploring scientific research activities. Academic training does not garner much attention by contrast. However, what scientists think and do in the course of research activities is not completely independent of what they once have learned. I suggest that in academic training, beneath everything else, a kind of ‘spontaneous philosophy of the scientists’ (Louis Althusser) is established. Textbooks mark one entry point to approach the concepts of science students are confronted with. As an example, I rely on a chapter on the “history of macroeconomics” from a recent textbook.
Eine Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte liegt in der Institution
Authors: Malich Lisa
Published: December 2018

A Future of the History of Science Is in the Institution. In this article, I warn against a tendency seen in the history of science towards very particular and isolating microhistories. The call for contextualization should be more than mere lip service and taken seriously. I suggest that a stronger focus on the history of institutions could be one particularly productive way to contextualize knowledge. There are at least five benefits that an analysis of institutions might bring for the history of science: The history of scientific institutions offers the potential for (1) entangled histories that (2) include longer time periods and pay not only attention to (3) the dissemination of knowledge but also to (4) the field of law and the mechanisms of vocational bureaucracy. In this way, (5) questions of power and politics come into view.
Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte? Ein (wissenschaftspolitischer) Einwurf mit medizinhistorischem Fokus
Authors: Fangerau Heiner
Published: December 2018

Future for the History of Science? An Interjection Oriented towards Science Policies Inspired by the History of Medicine. The author argues that diversity is the great strength of the history of science. It allows for flexible reactions to intellectual challenges posed by its various reference disciplines. This strength, however, might turn into a weakness, if diversity results in arbitrariness. These claims are illustrated by the example of the history of medicine as a sub‐discipline of the history of science: The history of medicine is currently able to acquire project funding because it is diverse and flexible. Simultaneously, it experiences the risks of flexibility and third‐party funding. Basic funding, scholarly interaction, and organized exchange seem necessary to ensure professional standards. It is concluded that the future for the history of science is bright, if it is able to preserve both its diverse creativity and a disciplinary sense for academic standards.
Im Trubel bleiben – einige Hyper‐/Hypolinks mit Kommentaren zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Wahrig Bettina
Published: December 2018

Staying in Trouble – some Hyper‐/Hypolinks Commenting on the Future of the History of Science. This essay explores the possible future of the history of science, going through a number of motifs that I hold to be essential in this discussion. I argue that the history of science should continue to rely on narrative techniques that include multiple perspectives and humor. The questionable identity of historians of science, situated between the sciences, whose history we write, and our own methodological toolbox, will remain productive if we consciously deal with the challenges caused by “troubles” (as explained by Donna Haraway) of unclear identity, mixed methods, and perspective changes. All these constitute a chance to co‐write entangled histories and enact entangled politics of science.
‚Little by Little‘. Datensammlung und Skalierung in der Rechtsethnologie des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Echterhölter Anna
Published: December 2018

‘Little by Little’. Data Collection and Scales in Nineteenth‐Century Legal Anthropology. With the growing possibilities to measure and accumulate data, two strategies for a small discipline like the history of science are suggested: (1) It should facilitate and maintain the cooperation of specialists who pursue different subject matters and methods. (2) It should invite the recent history of quantification as an essential perspective. A large data collection on the anthropology of law by the German colonial office serves as example.
Ansichten der Wissenschaftsgeschichte II
Authors: Hagner Michael
Published: December 2018

Views on History of Science II. This essay makes a claim for a new political awareness in the history of science, which goes beyond the practical turn that shaped the field in the last 25 years. This revision should take into consideration both new hostile political circumstances and new conditions for academic publishing after the digital revolution.
Zukunftsfelder der Wissenschaftsgeschichte – aus technikhistorischer Gegenwartsperspektive
Authors: Weber Heike
Published: December 2018

Fields for Innovative Future Research in History of Science – A Historian of Technology's Perspective. The observations at hand present a historian of technology's perspective and sketch three fields for innovative future research: (past) ‘futures’ and future scenarios in themselves; the challenges as imposed by recent developments in science, technology, and society (e.g. digitization, climate change); and the twisting and flipping of established perspectives (e.g. by focusing on ‘failed’ or ‘old’ science and technology and their declension). Moreover, historians of science, technology, and medicine should participate in emerging transdisciplinary fields such as Environmental Humanities.
Wissenschaftsgeschichte als Übersetzung. Von Netzwerken, gescheiterten Versuchen und Gedankenexperimenten
Authors: Macho Thomas
Published: December 2018

Translational History of Science: On Networks, Failed Trials and Thought Experiments. Starting with the question, why it could be difficult to write a history of history of science, the paper summarizes problems and risks of traditional concepts of interdisciplinarity. The essay postulates different modes of transgressive thinking and focuses on future topics of history of science, e.g. early networks of scientists, missed encounters, case studies of errors and failed experiments or methods of thought experiments.
Determination of ospemifene in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yadlapalli Siva Sankara Rao , Katari Naresh Kumar , Manabolu Surya Surendra Babu
Published: December 2018

A highly sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of ospemifene in human plasma using ospemifene‐d4 as an internal standard. Solid‐phase extraction technique with Phenomenex Strata X‐33 μm polymeric sorbent cartridges (30 mg/1 mL) was used to extract the analytes from the plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Eclipse XDB‐Phenyl, 4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 μm column using the mobile phase composition of methanol and 20 mm ammonium formate buffer (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the calibration curve obtained was linear (r2 = 99) over the concentration range 5.02–3025 ng/mL. The API‐4500 MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode during the analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers after oral administration of an ospemifene 60 mg tablet under fed conditions.
What information do patients want across their cancer journeys? A network analysis of cancer patients’ information needs
Authors: Tran Yvonne , Lamprell Klay , Nic Giolla Easpaig Brona , Arnolda Gaston , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: December 2018

Background

Patients want information across their cancer journeys. We investigated what sort of information they want and at what stage in the cancer journey by examining English patients’ satisfaction derived from ratings of their care.

Methods

Using patient experience data from 209 Clinical Commission Groups (CCGs) involving 72 788 respondents in 2016, overall patient satisfaction ratings and information needs questions were extracted. Novel network analysis techniques were used to construct an undirected weighted concentration network to assess the relationship between information needs and patient satisfaction.

Results

From the network analysis, we found that patients value information early in the pathway; there were higher associations between patient satisfaction and when information needs are met in earlier phases of the cancer journey. Across the stages of the cancer journey, strong associations between information needs and patient satisfaction emerged during diagnostic testing and also at those points when patients received information provided by the clinical nurse specialists. A mixture of strong and weak associations between patient satisfaction and information needs was found during later phases of the cancer journey, specifically when patients move from treatment to home care. Our study identified that meeting needs for information related to supportive care may be a weaker factor in patient satisfaction than meeting needs for information related to the patient's disease, its treatment and the side effects of treatment.

Conclusion

If patients have their information needs met, especially during stages within the cancer journey when information needs are highest, they are more likely to be satisfied with their care. Our study has implications for information giving and improving patient satisfaction in cancer care.
Reducing radiation dose: Equipment, procedure, and operator Perfecting the Trifecta
Authors: Chambers Charles E. , Awuor Stephen
Published: December 2018

Key Points

This article illustrates the positive impact of fluoroscopic imaging equipment on radiation dose reduction in CTO PCI.

The reader should recognize the importance of purchasing and maintaining the best equipment, understanding procedure/patient complexity, and assuring operator training in radiation dose reduction.

Future efforts/studies should focus upon all three areas of dose reduction for best results.
A Nanostructured Si/SiOC Composite Anode with Volume‐Change‐Buffering Microstructure for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Ze , Lv Weiqiang , Cheng Xinqun , Gao Jinlong , Qian Zhengyi , Tian Dong , Li Ji , He Weidong , Yang Chunhui
Published: December 2018

Si/SiOC composites are promising high‐capacity anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries since the SiOC matrix can effectively buffer the volumetric change of Si during cycling. However, a structure of Si nanoparticles (NPs) enwrapped by a continuous SiOC phase typically shows poor cyclic stability and low charge/discharge rate due to structure failure of bulk SiOC shells derived from carbon‐rich organosilicon. To address this issue, in this work, an Si/SiOC nanocomposite with volume‐change‐buffering microstructure, in which Si NPs are uniformly dispersed in a matrix of SiOC nanospheres, has been synthesized. Our results show that the space between Si and SiOC NPs can accommodate the large volume change of Si during cycling and facilitate infiltration of the electrolyte. The nanostructured SiOC skeleton serves as both a mechanically robust buffer to alleviate the intrinsic expansion of Si and an effective electron conductor. The Si/SiOC NP composite displays significantly increased capacity and cyclic stability compared with pure SiOC, and delivers reversible capacities of around 800 mA h−1 g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 (approximately 100 % capacity retention after 100 cycles) and around 600 mA h−1 g−1 at 500 mA g−1 (capacity retention about 80 % after 500 cycles).
Capping N‐Donor Ligands Modulate the Magnetic Dynamics of DyIII β‐Diketonate Single‐Ion Magnets with D4d Symmetry
Authors: Cen Peipei , Liu Xiangyu , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Xie Gang , Chen Sanping , Pardo Emilio
Published: December 2018

A family of four mononuclear DyIII β‐diketonate complexes with formulas [Dy(tmhd)3(Br2‐bpy) (1), [Dy(tmhd)3(Br‐bpy)] (2), [Dy(tmhd)3(dppz)] (3), and [Dy(tmhd)3(mcdpq)] (4) (tmhd=2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione, Br2‐bpy=5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bipyridine, Br‐bpy=5‐bromo‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido [3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine, mcdpq=2‐methoxyl‐3‐cyanodipyrido[3,2‐f:2,3′‐h]quinoxaline) were prepared by modifying the capping N‐donor coligands. DyIII centers in these complexes feature an N2O6 octacoordinate environment with distorted square‐antiprismatic D4d symmetry. Magnetic investigations evidenced single‐ion magnet behavior in all complexes with energy barriers Ueff of 42.10 (1), 61.47, (2), 77.53 (3), and 2.51 K (4) in the absence of static field, as well as 206.03 (1), 224.13 (2), 247.76 (3), and 49.70 K (4) under applied dc field (Hdc=1500 Oe for 1 and 2; Hdc=1200 Oe for 3 and 4). The different natures of the N‐donor ligands induce changes in both the coordination geometry and their intermolecular interactions, which severely impact their magnetic dynamics. The disparities in their magnetic behaviors and the uniaxial anisotropies are also explained and substantiated by theoretical calculations.
Rapid Prototyping for Photochemical Reaction Engineering
Authors: Guba Fabian , Tastan Ümit , Gugeler Katrin , Buntrock Melanie , Rommel Tobias , Ziegenbalg Dirk
Published: December 2018

This contribution gives an overview of the general aspects of photochemical reaction engineering, discusses these aspects in the context of rapid prototyping and evaluates the constraints of current additive manufacturing technologies. Subsequently, possible approaches to utilize the benefits of rapid prototyping for process intensification of photochemical reactions are described. Furthermore, the advantageous application of rapid prototyping is demonstrated with the help of four examples.
Microreaction Technology for Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Deng Jian , Zhang Jisong , Wang Kai , Luo Guangsheng
Published: December 2018

Microreaction technology as an emerging tool for synthetic chemistry has been extensively applied in academic and industrial researches. Normally, synthetic chemists used to running reactions in the classical glassware for centuries are unfamiliar and unaccustomed to use microreaction technology for routine synthetic work. This review tries to give a general introduction of the capabilities of microreaction technology. After introducing the origin and history of microreaction technology, we review and discuss mainly several synthetic examples of high T‐P reactions, hazardous reactions, flash chemistry, polymerization, photochemistry, electrochemistry and multistep API's syntheses to demonstrate the capabilities of microreactors. A summary and perspectives on microreactor technology are also given in this paper. It is anticipated that more and more chemists will understand the capabilities and limitations of microreaction technology, and could work together with chemical engineers for the synergic development of chemistry and chemical engineering.
A novel systematic algorithm paradigm for the electric vehicle data anomaly detection based on association data mining
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Mengnan
Published: December 2018

The electric automobile electric regenerative braking control strategy request achieves two goals, namely, enhances the entire vehicle the energy returns‐ratio as well as optimizes the pilot to the feel. When the former request brake the electric regenerative braking first, it can satisfy the brake request under the premise first to then use the electric regenerative braking recycling brake energy, and before, the latter request rational distribution the trailing wheel braking force uses in tracking pilot's deceleration intention. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel systematic algorithm paradigm for the electric car data anomaly detection based on association data mining. With the continuous improvement of the intelligent vehicle and the continuous improvement of the function of the system, the system can be used as a hybrid vehicle detection and vehicle maintenance standard equipment and has broad application prospects. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified through the experiment.
Methylene Group Transfer in Carbonyl Compounds Discovered in silico and Detected Experimentally
Authors: Gridnev Ilya D. , Zherebker Alexander , Kostyukevich Yury , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: December 2018

A previously unknown transformation of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid derivatives leads to the formation of substituted oxiranes, aziridines, and azirines as shown by DFT and MP2 computations. Formations of 2,2‐dimethyloxirane‐d8 from acetone‐d6, phenylazirine‐d2 from benzonitrile and 2‐methyl‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐oxirane from 4‐hydroxyacetophenone were detected experimentally by electrospray ionization mass‐spectrometry with a heated desolvating capillary. This reaction is a truly concerted process characterized by high activation barriers (activation enthalpies 320–480 kJ mol−1).
Acceptable “Real‐Life” Variability for Lymphocyte Counts by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ticchioni Michel , Brouzes Chantal , Durrieu Françoise , Lambert Claude ,   on behalf of the Association Française de Cytométrie accreditation working group (AFC‐AG)
Published: December 2018

Background

As part of quality assurance in laboratories (labs) offering clinical cell analysis by flow cytometry (FCM), cell counting precision and robustness are evaluated but international desirable ranges are still missing. The aim of this study was to provide desirable interlaboratory variability reference values.

Methods

A prospective survey on monthly quality assessment was proposed to all French laboratories routinely performing lymphocyte subpopulation quantification, over one arbitrarily selected month (June 2017), regardless of instrument, counting system and quality controls used. Relative variabilities of the commercially available internal quality control (IQC) used locally were collected. Robust mean, standard deviation and CV were calculated on relative and absolute counts.

Results

Sixty‐two labs participated, providing 91 sets of data on 82 instruments. All but three were enrolled in external quality assessment (EQA) and 46 in externalized IQA. The mean CV of five repeats ranged from 1.00 ± 0.33 for T cells to 4.78 ± 1.92 for NK cells and from 2.88 ± 1.46 to 5.87 ± 1.83 for relative and absolute counts, respectively. The precision correlated directly to the concentration of cells rather than the phenotype. Negligible differences were observed between IQC material: Multicheck™ (3.36 ± 1.30, n = 11); Immunotrol™ (3.62 ± 3.24, n = 21) and Statusflow™ (3.63 ± 1.87, n = 24) on CD4+ T cell, for example. Little difference was observed between counting systems such as Flowcount™ (4.55 ± 3.45, n = 19), Trucount™ (3.17 ± 1.40, n = 30) and the fully automated Aquios™ system (1.87 ± 0.75, n = 5) on single platforms, while dual platform CV was at 2.00 ± 0.58 (n = 2) on CD4+ T cell, as example. Robustness was measured on 21 ± 11 consecutive analyses of the same IQC material, providing CVs ranging from 4.45 ± 1.74 for T cells to 7.57 ± 2.19 for NK absolute counts. Average residuals calculated from the different low count IQC samples for CD4 T cells (median value below 200 cells/μl) were below 10 cells/μl, demonstrating their robustness for medical decisions.

Conclusions

Real life variabilities in cell counting are directly related to the cell concentration and not to their phenotype. Desirable ranges within three SD are proposed according to different cell levels, based on 62 labs, different IQC material and systems. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Spatiotemporally explicit model averaging for forecasting of Alaskan groundfish catch
Authors: Correia Hannah E.
Published: December 2018

Fisheries management is dominated by the need to forecast catch and abundance of commercially and ecologically important species. The influence of spatial information and environmental factors on forecasting error is not often considered. I propose a forecasting method called spatiotemporally explicit model averaging (STEMA) to combine spatial and temporal information through model averaging. I examine the performance of STEMA against two popular forecasting models and a modern spatial prediction model: the autoregressive integrated moving averages with explanatory variables (ARIMAX) model, the Bayesian hierarchical model, and the varying coefficient model. I focus on applying the methods to four species of Alaskan groundfish for which catch data are available. My method reduces forecasting errors significantly for most of the tested models when compared to ARIMAX, Bayesian, and varying coefficient methods. I also consider the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on the forecasting of catch, as multiple studies reveal a potential influence of water temperature on the survival and growth of juvenile groundfish. For most of the preferred models, inclusion of SST in the model improved forecasting of catch. It is advisable to consider both spatial information and relevant environmental factors in forecasting models to obtain more accurate projections of population abundance. The STEMA method is capable of accounting for spatial information in forecasting and can be applied to various types of data because of its flexible varying coefficient model structure. It is therefore a suitable forecasting method for application to many fields including ecology, epidemiology, and climatology.