bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Regional Investment Policy Using an Integrated Programme of Rural Development
Authors: Esina Yulia L. , Stepanenkova Natalya M.
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, authorities pay more attention to the problems of regional development, reduction of socio-economic inequality of rural and urban areas, improvement of the efficiency of the agriculture, and degradation of rural population. All those issues are considered in the state programme of the Russian Federation «Integrated Development of Rural Areas». Thus, we assess whether the goals set in the state programme were achieved and substantiate the priority areas for future investment. We hypothesise that the achievement of the goals set at the federal level depends on the quality and implementation of rural development programmes adopted at the regional level. We revealed the uneven economic, social, infrastructural development, investment imbalances in various areas, changing sources of funding in the process of problem solving, lack of clear goals of agricultural policy and statistical information on its indicators of achievement. Classification and generalisation of views of other researchers on the topic allowed us to scientifically prove the existence of social problems, income inequality between urban and rural population, poor infrastructure and insufficient funds allocated to support rural areas. Further, we developed an algorithm for comparing the main parameters of rural development in Lipetsk oblast and nearby regions, complying with the criteria set by the federal programme. Using this algorithm, we assessed the effectiveness of the measures taken. We identified the most sensitive problems to be solved for reducing territorial inequality and the lag in socio-economic development, and increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of Lipetsk oblast in terms of living conditions and investment. Finally, we proposed and substantiated the main directions of improving the regional investment policy. Regional authorities can use the research results in the implementation of the rural development policy
Relationship between Regional Socio-Economic Development and Corporate Ratings of Russian Companies
Authors: Makeeva Elena Y. , Ivashkovskaya Irina V. , Ruzhanskaya Liudmila S. , Popov Konstantin A.
Published: April 2021

The search for new sources of regional development is important due to the slowdown in economic growth and the need to shift the emphasis of industrial policy from the macro level to the level of regions and individual companies. In this regard, we consider the participation of companies in reputation ratings as a new source for increasing the investment attractiveness of regions. Additionally, we examine the relationship between corporate and regional ratings: corporate ratings demonstrate a company’s compliance with the sustainable development goals, which, in turn, improves the socio-economic performance of regions. We revealed the positive influence of high corporate ratings on the socio-economic development of regions, opening a new area for interdisciplinary research combining corporate finance and regional economics. On the example of 130 biggest Russian public non-financial companies, we obtained several significant results that allow determining the impact of corporate ratings on the socio-economic situation of regions and corporate financial performance. The ratings include Sustainable development Index of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE), Environmental responsibility rating of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Russia, and Corporate social responsibility rating of the Association of Managers of Russia (AMR). The calculations showed that the participation of companies in the ratings of WWF Russia and RUIE positively affects the indicators sustainable development of regions where these companies are located. Simultaneously, the influence of companies’ participation in the rating of WWF Russia is higher than the influence of participation in the RUIE rating. In addition, reputation ratings have a positive impact on the return on assets and market capitalisation of Russian companies. Thus, we proved that participation in corporate ratings leads to an increase in performance. However, the effects of participation in various ratings differ. For example, to increase its conditions and performance, a company should be a leader of the rating of RUIE and just participate in the rating of WWF Russia. The rating of AMR influences the market capitalisation the most. The obtained findings indicate the need for expanding the participation of Russian companies in corporate ratings and enable research in the field of sustainable development of companies.
Stimulating Domestic Demand as a Key Factor of Economic Growth
Authors: Ershov Mikhail V. , Tanasova Anna S. , Sokolova Elena Yu.
Published: April 2021

World economy shows a high level of uncertainty. There are considerable risks of economic slowdown and stock market collapse. For many years, the Russian economy has been dependent on external factors. Recently, when anti-Russian sanctions are imposed, it is particularly important to find internal sources of growth, including domestic demand as the most significant factor. However, environment for the development of the Russian economy remains unfavourable due to high interest rates, volatile exchange rate, increasing tax rates, and ambiguous economic policy. Based on the analysis of regional statistics (including some regions of the Central Federal District), we confirmed the weak relationship between investments and gross regional product (GRP) revealed by other scientists. This may be the result of poor investment efficiency and its low multiplier effect. In this situation, the right choice of sectors with high multipliers and investment efficiency creates the potential for increasing domestic demand. Simultaneously, mechanisms for the expansion of resources ensuring regional economic growth play an important role. In this regard, we developed approaches aimed at the creation of conditions for the expansion of regional financial resources to support economic activity, domestic demand and economy in general, considering a social aspect of these processes. Some of the proposed mechanisms stimulate the participation of banks in financing economic processes, federal or regional bond issuance (the Bank of Russia would be the main buyer), etc. These proposals consider the experience of other countries in stimulating economic growth, including at the regional level. Financial regulators and relevant regional agencies can use the research results for developing economic policies.
Caracterización de los pacientes menores de un año con diagnóstico de displasia de cadera atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Sogamoso
Authors: Camargo-Ramírez Julián Fernando , López-Vanegas Cesar David , Araque-García Dylan Julián , Ramírez-Cifuentes Mónica Viviana , Garzón-Martínez Nicolay Jacobo , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar J.
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La displasia de cadera, incluye un amplio espectro de alteraciones donde el acetábulo y fémur proximal no se encuentra en su posición anatómica normal. Estemanuscrito tiene como objetivo caracterizar a los pacientes con diagnóstico de displasia del desarrollo de las caderas atendidas en un hospital de Boyacá. Metodología: Estudioobservacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientespediátricos con DDC (Displasia del Desarrollo de la Cadera) atendidos entre 2015 al 2016.Resultados: Se encontró mayor proporción en el sexo femenino con 66,88% (103pacientes), con nacimiento entre las 37 y 40 semanas de gestación determinadas por fecha de última menstruación materna, un peso estimado de 2500 a 4000 gramos en el 71,43%, el 75,32% eran madres primigestantes, el 85,71% presentaron presentación podálica. Se identificó que 1.3% (2 pacientes) tuvieron diagnóstico de síndrome de Down, 3,3% (5 pacientes) con torticolis congénita, y de metatarsus adductus 2% (3 pacientes), genurecurvatum se halló en 3,1% de los casos (6 pacientes). Conclusión: Podemos concluir de esta forma que son múltiples los factores que se asocian con la presencia o no de esta patología, iniciando en antecedentes genéticos, pasando por antecedentes relacionados con la gestación y finalmente, es importante tener en cuenta que esta patología puede ser el indicativo de otras enfermedades ortopédicas o de alteraciones genéticas.
TÜRKİYE DE COVİD 19 PANDEMİSİ; FİLYASYON, SÜRVEYANS VE TEMASLI TAKİBİ
Authors: ÖNAL Özgür , KALAYCI Ömer
Published: April 2021

Covid 19 pandemisi sürecinde, tanıdan tedaviye, bireysel koruyucu yöntemlerden toplumsal koruyucu müdahalelere çeşitli uygulamalar ile salgın kontrol altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü önerileri doğrultusunda ülkelerin, genel salgın kontrolü stratejileri bulunmasıyla birlikte, kendilerine özgü stratejileri de bulunmaktadır. Bu stratejilerin başında gelen, enfekte bireye temaslı kişileri tespit etme, kritik öneme sahiptir. Pandemi başlangıcında hastalığın kuluçka süresi ve bulaştırıcılık süresi kesin olarak bilinmiyordu. Çeşitli ülkelerden gelen araştırma verileri bu konuda standart oluşturmaya yaramıştır. Türkiye’de pandemi başlangıcından itibaren enfekte kişiler ve bu kişilere hastalığın belirli bir kuluçka süresi boyunca temas edenler kayıt altına alınarak takip edilmektedir. Temaslı tanımıyla ilgili çeşitli kriterler bulunmaktadır ve bu kriterler ülkeler arası farklılık gösterebilir. Pandemide ayrıca etkin bir bildirim sistemi (sürveyans) oluşturmak önemlidir. Ayrıca bildirim sistemi sonucundan toplumun bilgilendirilmesi ve dinamik bir süreç işleterek hızlı müdahele programları geliştirmek zorunludur. Ayrıca hava yoluyla bulaşan hastalıklarda çok önerilmese de Covid 19 salgınında süper bulaştırıcıların olmasına bağlı olarak enfeksiyonun kaynağının bulunması (filyasyon) salgının kontrolünde önemli hale gelmiştir. Korunma, tanı, tedavi, rehabilitasyon ve sosyal müdahaleler sonucu yapılan yanlışlar ve doğrulardan ders almak bizlere yeni salgınlara erken müdahaleyle kontrolünün sağlanmasında etkili olacaktır.
Instrumental Means for Managing the Rational Behavior of Self-Organizing Autonomous Intelligent Agents
Authors: Melekhin V. B. , Khachumov M. V.
Published: April 2021

We formulate the basic principles of constructing a sign-signal control for the expedient behavior of autonomous intelligent agents in a priori undescribed conditions of a problematic environment. We clarify the concept of a self-organizing autonomous intelligent agent as a system capable of automatic goal-setting when a certain type of conditional and unconditional signal — signs appears in a problem environment. The procedures for planning the expedient behavior of autonomous intelligent agents have been developed, that imitate trial actions under uncertainty in the process of studying the regularities of transforming situations in a problem environment, which allows avoiding environmental changes in the process of self-learning that are not related to the achievement of a given goal. Boundary estimates of the proposed procedures complexity for planning expedient behavior are determined, confirming the possibility of their effective implementation on the on-board computer of the automatic control system for the expedient activity of autonomous intelligent agents. We carry out an imitation on a personal computer of the proposed procedures for planning purposeful behavior, confirming the effectiveness of their use to build intelligent problem solvers for autonomous intelligent agents in order to endow them with the ability to adapt to a priori undescribed operating conditions. The main types of connections between various conditional and unconditional signal — signs of a problem environment are structured, which allows autonomous intelligent agents to adapt to complex a priori undescribed and unstable conditions of functioning.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: LD Palaniswamy
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Exercise plays significant role in the health outcomes of patients with diabetes; however, little is known about the knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 165 patients with T2D (male = 85; female = 80) using convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise among patients. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 51.9 + 9.8 years. A majority, 139(84.24%) were married individuals and around than half, 76(46.1%) were in the low SES. One hundred and thirty (78.7%) had good knowledge and attitude towards exercise practice. More than half, 95(57.6%) engaged in regular exercise practice. There was significant association between knowledge and practice of exercise (p<0.05). No significant associations were found between knowledge and gender, and socioeconomic status (p>0.05). Low physical activity was associated with poor glycemic control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude towards exercise and a relatively poor practice of exercise. Additional methods are needed to encourage regular physical activity among patients.
The impact of ultrafiltration, diuretic therapy, heart failure and diabetes mellitus on sodium homeostasis in patients with ESRD: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: AR Madhura , PM Jayaraj
Published: April 2021

Background: Sodium homeostasis is significantly altered in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Higher inter-dialytic weight gain, larger volume of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis, presence of heart failure and associated diabetes mellitus increase the risk of hyponatremia in these patients. Severity of hyponatremia can predict morbidity and mortality in ESRD. Objectives: To study the impact of average weight gain, average ultrafiltrate removed per dialysis, associated heart failure and diabetes mellitus on serum sodium levels in ESRD patients. Methods: We studied 60 patients of ESRD undergoing hemodialysis. History of co-morbidities, duration of hemodialysis, diuretic usage, dialysis records were obtained and their impact on serum sodium levels were analysed statistically. Results: Among 60 participants, 18% had mild, 38% had moderate and 44% had severe hyponatremia. The average inter-dialytic weight gain was 1.86±0.55 L in mild, 2.19±0.56 L in moderate and 2.80±0.44 L in severe hyponatremia groups (p=0.0001). The average ultrafiltration per hemodialysis was 1.69±0.56 L in mild, 2.02±0.53 L in moderate and 2.62±0.36 L in severe hyponatremia groups (p=0.0001). 53% patients were on furosemide out of whom 72% had severe hyponatremia (p=0.0001). 58% patients had chronic heart failure (CHF) out of whom 74% had severe hyponatremia (p=0.0001). 70% patients had diabetes mellitus (DM) out of whom 62% had severe hyponatremia (p=0.0001). Conclusion: There was a significant negative correlation between average weight gain/average ultrafiltration per dialysis and serum sodium levels. The study strongly established the impact of heart failure and diabetes mellitus on serum sodium levels in ESRD.
Political Discourse Through Literary Quotations
Authors: Muradyan A.A.
Published: April 2021

This article touches upon some of the main singularities of the political discourse in its connection with classical and modern literature. A brief overview of the main terms used in the article is provided. The analysis of quotes and literary works used in political speeches is carried out to identify the most significant factors in the selection of certain intertextual elements depending on the communication.
kValue, Meaning and Knowledge Classification Categories as a Language of Science
Authors: Mikhalkin N.V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To Inthe firstplace, the traitsand properties ofе categories as the language of science included in them are knowledge and present, on this basis, a variant of their classification, so that they are used effectively in the research activities of students, undergraduates and graduate students. Methodology. The article analyzedandevaluated the categories as the language of science from the point of view of identifying different kinds and types of knowledge. In the study methods are used: analogies, comparative, generalization, system, interpretation of the results, thought experiment. Results. The paper clarifies the content of knowledge, which includes categories, disclosed their types and types, revealed the actual role of categories in the formation of competencies in the trainees, in their cognitive and transformative activities of graduates, presented the variant of knowledge classification of categories as a language of science and means of interaction of people. Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the language of science, to the methodology of organizing and implementing the teaching and education of all kinds of students at the university.
Single-endoscopist Experience: ERCP Results, Complications, and Related factors
Authors: KARAOĞULLARINDAN Ümit
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background / Aims: This study aimed to report our single-endoscopist endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) experience, including ERCP success rate, complication rates and factors affecting them.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 573 patients who underwent ERCP from 2018 to 2020 at our clinic. Patients aged under 18 years, patients who had previously undergone ERCP at another center, patients using rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, patients with sedation-related complications , and patients using pancreatoxic medication were not included.

Results: The average age of the 573 patients included in the study was calculated as 58.6 (min. 18 - max. 104) years. In the examination of the success of cannulation, target duct was intubated in 93.9% (538/573) of the patients. In our study, the rate of post ercp pancreatitis was seen 7% , post ercp bleeding was observed as 1.2% , the rate of post ercp cholangitis was 0.9% , the post ercp perforation rate was 0.5% .When we compared the complications between successful and unsuccessful groups, there was a statistically significant difference in perforation and cholangitis (p
Demir Eksikliği Anemisi Nedeniyle Endoskopi ve Kolonoskopi Yapılan Hastalarda Malignite Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKKUZU Mustafa Zanyar , SEZGİN Orhan , YARAŞ Serkan , ÖZDOĞAN Osman , RIZAOĞLU BALCI Hatice , AYDIN Ferzan , ÜÇBİLEK Enver , ALTİNTAS Engin , ATES Fehmi
Published: April 2021

Giriş ve Amaç

Anemilerin çoğu gibi demir eksikliği anemisi de kendi başına bir hastalık değildir ve etyolojinin her hastada araştırılıp ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Demir eksikliği anemisi yaş gruplarına göre etyolojik nedenlerin sıklığı değişmektedir. Demir eksikliği anemisinin en önemli sebebi premenapozal kadınlarda menstrüel kanamalar iken; postmenapozal kadınlar ve erişkin erkeklerde ise gastrointestinal sistemden olan kronik kan kayıpları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada demir eksikliği nedeniyle endoskopi ve kolonoskopi yaptığımız hastaların malignite sıklığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Materyal ve Metod

2018 Aralık ve 2019 Temmuz ayları arasında demir eksikliği anemisi etyoloji taraması nedeniyle kolonoskopi ve endoskopi yaptığımız hastalarımızı çalışmaya aldık. Kolonoskopi uygun hazırlık sonrası terminal ileum da değerlendirilecek şekilde uygulanmıştı. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, anamnez bilgileri ve işlem sonuçlarına dosyaları araştırılarak geriye dönük olarak incelendi.

Bulgular

Bu sürede demir eksikliği anemisi nedeniyle 142 hastada kolonoskopi yapılmıştı. Bunların 130’una endoskopi de yapılmıştı. Hastaların %52,81’i erkek ve %47,18‘i kadındı. Erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 61,4±11,8, kadınların yaş ortalaması 55,2 ± 13,6 idi. Bunlardan %15,5 hastada kolonda polip saptandı ve bunların % 80,5'i adenomatöz polipti. % 7 hastada kolonda karsinom saptandı. Bu hastaların toplam %57,7’ünde de mide adenokanseri, ülser, gastrit, özofajit, özofagus varisi, polip ve özofafit gibi anemiyi açıklayabilecek patoloji saptandı. Toplam %64,8 hastada anemiyi açıklayabilecek ya endoskopik bulgu ya da kolonoskopik bulgu mevcuttu.

Tartışma ve Sonuç

Demir eksikliği anermisi labaratuar çalışmaları ile doğrulandıktan ve diyete bağlı demir eksikliği, demir ihtiyacında artış ve gastrointestinal sistem dışı kan kaybına bağlı anemi dışlandıktan sonra, gastrointestinal traktüsün endoskopik incelemesine geçilmelidir. Bu çalışmada olguların %15,5’inde kolonda polip , %7,04 hastada da adenokarsinom tespit ettik. Midede de %0,7 adenokarsinom tespit edildi. Bu da demir eksikliği anemisi etiyolojisinde hem endoskopi hem de kolonoskopinin önemini göstermektedir.
Relationship Between Acanthosis Nigricans and Fungal
Infection: Clinical and Histopathological findings
Authors: Jung Joon Woo , Hong Eun Hye , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Joong , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: April 2021

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition that presents clinically with hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic, and velvety skin changes, especially in the intertriginous areas. The intertriginous areas are also susceptible to superficial cutaneous fungal infections. The potential relationship between AN and cutaneous fungal infection has not been investigated.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship, if any, between AN and fungal infection, both clinically and pathologically.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed using electronic medical records and histology of biopsy slides obtained from 29 patients who were diagnosed with AN by two dermatopathologists. Comparison was made between the clinical and pathological findings of AN with fungal infection (ANFI+) and AN without fungal infection
(ANFI-).
Results: Among the 29 patients with AN, fungal spores were detected on the biopsy slides of 18 patients (62.1%) and appeared in the epidermal furrow more often than in the epidermal ridge. No significant clinical difference was found between the ANFI+ and ANFI- groups; however, in the ANFI+ group, lesions were more prevalent in the neck area (p = 0.048). In addition, the ANFI+ biopsy slides revealed more papillomatosis than ANFI- biopsy slides (p = 0.006).
Conclusion: Fungal infection tends to appear in combination with AN when more severe papillomatosis is also present.
Skin Infection Caused by Serratia marcescens in a
Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Dong Heon , Jang Dong Hyek , Park Mi Youn , Ahn Jiyoung , Jung Hye Jung
Published: April 2021

Serratia marcescens is an uncommon gram-negative bacterium strain that does not cause skin infections in healthy individuals. However, it is rarely reported as the causative agent of infection in immunosuppressed patients or in nosocomial infections. A 51-year-old man was admitted to a hospital presenting with pus and pain that had developed a month ago on a hypertrophic scar area of the back. Although he was on medication for diabetes mellitus, his blood sugar level was poorly controlled. In addition, two months earlier, he received an intralesional injection of 40 mg/mL triamcinolone twice for the hypertrophic scar of the back. S. marcescens was identified in the wound culture. His condition improved after ceftriaxone administration, debridement, and split-thickness skin grafts. Although S. marcescens is an infrequent cause of skin infections, it is important to remember that it may cause infection in some patients and that the course of the disease may be worse than that in a typical skin infection with poor prognosis.
The Main Patterns of Disorders of the Visual System in Patients with Retinal Detachment in Pediatric and Adult Practice in Terms of the Level of Antioxidant Protection
Authors: Sergienko A. A. , Malyshev A. V. , Apostolova A. S.
Published: April 2021

The study included patients with a verified diagnosis of “Traction retinal detachment” (RD) in pediatric (50 patients, mean age 13.8 ± 1.1 years, age range from 11 to 18 years) and adults (50 patients, mean age 54, 6 ± 2.2 years, age range 19 to 72 years). The control groups included 25 children (mean age 13.1 ± 1.2 years) and 25 adults (mean age 52.8 ± 1.6 years) patients without pathology of the organ of vision. A comprehensive examination of the functional state of the visual analyzer was performed, including the assessment of clinical (maximum corrected distance visual acuity, BCVA), subjective (Quality of Life, QOL), hemodynamic (pulsation index in the central retinal artery, PI), electrophysiological (threshold of electrical sensitivity of the retina (PESR); threshold of electrical lability of the retina; critical frequency of fusion and flashing (presentation of a red object); photostress test) and biochemical (antioxidant activity in the lacrimal fluid, AOA; superoxide dismutase indicator, PS in the lacrimal fluid) indicators of the visual system. The data obtained indicate some differences in the studied parameters in patients with OS in pediatric and adult practice. In particular, a higher level of BCVA in adults was found (by 18.8 %, p < 0.001). Along with this, it was determined that RD in children is accompanied by more pronounced disorders of hemodynamic and antioxidant parameters, which is associated with a more pronounced degree of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and preservation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The results of stepwise discriminant analysis of the statistical characteristic F, which determines the weighting coefficient of the relationship in the regression equation of the basic AOA parameter with each indicator in the general array, determined the following most informative indicators (F > 3.0) of the visual system of patients with OS associated with antioxidant protection: in an adult practice — BCVA, QOL, PI, PESR, PS; in pediatric practice — BCVA, PI, PESR, PS. The obtained similar results of statistical analysis for children and adults are actualized by research in pediatric practice aimed at increasing the clinical effectiveness of vitrectomy for RD based on antioxidant protection methods tested in adult practice.
Veniamin Vasilievich Volkov (to the 100th Anniversary of His Birth)
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Reituzov V. A. , Sobolev A. F. , Kirillov Yu. A. , Shamrey D. V.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the main milestones in the creative life of the Hero of Socialist Labor, the USSR State Prize Laureate, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy Professor V.V. Volkov.
Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography in Pediatric Ophthalmological Practice (Review)
Authors: Tereshchenko A. V. , Trifanenkova I. G. , Panamareva S. V.
Published: April 2021

Data from sources of domestic and foreign literature for 2016–2019 is presented in the review of literature. This data concerned of applying the method of optical coherent tomography-angiography in pediatric ophthalmic practice. OCT-A is a non-invasive research method, without the use of fluorescent dyes. The procedure is performed relatively quickly, with the possibility of additional repetition. The method allows to conduct visualization of the vascular network of the retina layer-by-layer, perform its quantitative analysis: to evaluate the density of the microvascular bed and measure the area of non-perfusion zones. Having appeared as a result of a qualitative modernization of OCT, a new method of visualization of vessels OCT-A is actively used in the diagnosis of pathologies such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, post-thrombotic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, etc. In present time OCT-A being performed in adult medicine, it is actively used in various areas of pediatric ophthalmology. Presently, pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, amblyopia, retinal artery occlusion, and coats disease have been performed with OCT-A studies. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is required a special attention among children’s eye diseases. However, mentioning about OCT angiographic studies in patients with ROP are quite rare in the literature. Nevertheless, the available data indicate the enormous diagnostic potential of OCT-A in this severe vasoproliferative disease. The method give possibility for fully control the pathological process, to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and timely prevent the development of severe stages of ROP. Due to the information and diagnostic potential, it is necessary to continue research on the possibilities of the OCT-A method in the diagnosis, analysis of treatment results and prediction of ROP.
A Variant of Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Calibrated Reverse Meridional Cyclodialysis ab interno Involving Implantation of a Non-Absorbable Collagen Implant
Authors: Kumar V. , Shradqa A.S. S. , Abo Zaalan K. A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To assess safety and effectiveness of calibrated cyclodialysis ab interno involving implantation of a non-absorbable collagen implant in the suprauveal space in decreasing IOP in glaucoma patients.

Methods. Forty-three patients (43 eyes; 16 male and 27 females; average age — 70.4 ± 10.0 years) were included in this pilot study. A 6 mm long and 2.0 mm wide cyclodialysis cleft was created ab interno in one of the lower quadrants of the eye using a specially designed spatula followed by insertion of a strip of implant in the cleft. In 19 eyes (44.3 %) the procedure was performed as standalone procedure and in 24 eyes (55.7 %) along with cataract surgery. Outcome measures were IOP change, use of hypotensive medication(s), complications, and need for a second surgery. Decrease in IOP by >20 % and IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg without hypotensive medication(s) constituted complete success; similar changes in IOP with medication(s) constituted partial success. Need for second surgery constituted failure.

Results. At 6 months, baseline IOP decreased from 20.6 ± 7.4 mmHg to 12.9 ± 4.9 mmHg (a decrease by 37.4 %; р < 0.001) and hypotensive medication use reduced from 2.6 ± 0.8 to 1.0 ± 1.1 (a reduction by 57.7 %; р < 0.001). Complete success was achieved in 19 eyes (44.2 %), partial in — 15 eyes (34.9 %). Nine eyes had unsuccessful outcomes (20.9 %); among these, seven eyes (78 %) had severe glaucoma and five eyes (55 %) had undergone previously glaucoma surgeries. Hemorrhaging at the cleft site was the most common intraoperative complication — 18 eyes (41.9 %). Postoperative complications included hyphema, which was completely resorbed within one week.

Conclusion. Calibrated cyclodialysis ab interno procedure involving implantation of a non-absorbable collagen implant in the suprauveal is safe and easy to perform. It effectively decreases IOP in patients with moderate glaucoma but is less effective in patients with severe glaucoma and in patients with previously failed glaucoma surgeries. Complications were found to be minimal.
Characterization of Shifts of the Cellular Component the Immune Status of Patients with Long-Term Course of Chronic Post-Traumatic Uveitis
Authors: Balatskaya N. V. , Filatova I. A. , Kulikova I. G. , Denisyuk V. O. , Mohammad I. M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: to study the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with long — term chronic post-traumatic uveitis (CPT).

Patients and Methods. There were 131 people aged 17 to 87 years, who received the surgical treatment in the Department of plastic surgery and eye prosthetics in NMITS eye diseases Helmholtz of the Ministry of health, Russia, where the removal of the eyeball by evisceration was carried out in 101 patients (70.3 %), 30 patients (29.7 % of cases) were enucleated. The study identified two groups: the Ist group– with the outcome of the injury, including non-penetrating (n = 46) and penetrating wounds (n = 51) of the eyes, were 97 patients; group II included 34 patients with complications due to single (n = 8) or repeated (n = 26) ophthalmic surgery (development of glaucoma and retinal detachment).

Results. When analyzing the mean values, we found a decrease in the relative number of CD3+ CD4+ helpers/inducers in the blood of patients of both groups (up to 43.5 ± 0.81 and 42.19 ± 1.29 % versus 45.7 ± 1.19 % in the control), statistically confirmed for the 2nd group. Individual analysis revealed multidirectional shifts from the norm of cellular immune status of patients with PU in both groups. The most interesting, in our opinion, results were obtained by analyzing the relative number of effector cytotoxic cells of adaptive and nonspecific immunity. The increase in the relative content of t-cytotoxic lymphocytes CD3+ /CD8+ and NK-lymphocytes CD16+ /CD56+ was revealed with the same frequency, approximately in 18.5 and 19.5 % of cases in the PU group at the outcome of injury, in the 2nd group the increased number of these subpopulations was observed more often, amounting to 23.5 and 20.5 %, respectively.

Conclusions. The results of the study on a large clinical material indicate that in long-term CPTU there is a pronounced systemic imbalance in the immunoregulatory subpopulations of lymphocytes, revealed by individual analysis in groups of patients.
Ne Umdular Ne Buldular? Taraflar Açısından Birinci İnönü Savaşı
Authors: TOPUZ Ercüment
Published: April 2021

I. İnönü Savaşı, istiklaline ve istikbaline yönelik tehditleri tenkil etme niyetine sahip olanlar ile tarihi bir arka plana istinat ettirdikleri ütopik tahayyüllerini İtilaf Kuvvetleri’nin yardımıyla gerçekleştirme sevdasına tutulmuşlar arasında meydana gelen bir muharebedir. Tarafların kendi iç çelişkilerini çözümlemeden savaşa iştirakleri (Yunanistan’ın taarruzu keyfi, Millî Mücadele taraftarlarının müdafaası ise zaruridir) harbin nitelik olarak küçük ölçekli bir çarpışma olarak değerlendirilmesine neden olmuştur. Yunanistan’ın “Megali İdea” idealine ve İtilaf Kuvvetleri nezdindeki itibarına hizmet etmesi niyetiyle başlatmış olduğu taarruz, Millî Mücadele taraftarlarının mukavemeti ile karşılanmıştır. Taarruz taraftarlarının Atina ve Londra’da yaptıkları hesaplar İnönü sırtlarında hayal kırıklığına uğratılırken harpten elde edilen hasılat Ankara’nın siyasi ve askeri çelişkilerinin çözümüne olanak sağlamıştır. Çalışma, meclis zabıt cerideleri, dönem neşriyatından ilgili gazeteler ve savaşta yer almış ve komuta merkezinde bulunmuş müşahitlerin hatıraları başta olmak üzere ikincil kaynaklar dikkat-ı nazara alınarak hazırlanmıştır. Harbin tarafı olan Yunanistan’ın durumuna ilişkin değerlendirmelerde ise mezkûr ülkede veya Avrupa’da neşredilen gazetelerin savaşla ilgili bölümlerini tercüme ederek okurlarıyla paylaşan İstanbul neşriyatının paylaşımları dikkate alınmıştır.
İnönü Muharebeleri Esnasında İki Din Adamı: Müftü Mehmet Nuri (Kırıkkanat) ve Müftü Mustafa (Kileci) Efendiler
Authors: SARIKOYUNCU DEĞERLİ Esra , SARIKOYUNCU Ali
Published: April 2021

Millî Mücadele’de pek çok din adamı gibi, Bilecik Müftüsü Mehmet Nuri (Kırıkkanat) ile Söğüt Müftüsü Mustafa Lütfi (Kileci) Efendiler de görev almışlardır. Mücadele fikrinin doğuşunda ve Kuva-yı Milliye’nin kuruluş ve faaliyetlerinde adı geçenlerin üstün hizmetleri olmuştur. Ayrıca Mehmet Nuri ve Mustafa Lütfi Efendilerin Türk milletinin makûs talihini yendiği “İnönü Muharebeleri” esnasında da çok önemli katkıları olmuştur. Çalışmamızda arşiv belgelerinden de yararlanarak, onların söz konusu hizmetlerinden söz edilmiştir.
Asociaciones público-privadas en el sector de agua potable y saneamiento en América Latina y el Caribe: Entorno, factores críticos de éxito y recomendaciones
Authors: García L. Javier , Vieitez Daniel , Berto Maria Eduarda Gouvea , Mascle-Allemand Anne Laure , Hinojosa Sergio , Benavente Fernando , Muñoz-Jofré Jaime
Published: April 2021

La participación del sector privado en agua y saneamiento en América Latina y el Caribe ha demostrado ser efectiva en diferentes contextos y circunstancias. Es clave identificar los factores críticos de éxito (FCE) para promover proyectos de Agua y Saneamiento preparados e implementados bajo modelos de APP.
Estratégias para Detecção de Falhas em Rolamentos de Motores de Indução Trifásicos
Authors: Nóbrega Sobrinho Carlos Alberto , Sena Alexander Patrick Chaves de , Lima Filho Abel Cavalcante
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a detecção de falhas na pista externa dos rolamentos de um motor de indução trifásico, utilizando-se a análise de variáveis mecânicas (vibração e emissão acústica) e elétricas (eficiência energética). Especificamente, é proposta a avaliação da expressividade dos sinais na presença da avaria, aplicando-se, como ferramentas de análise para a vibração e a emissão acústica, as transformadas de Fourier e Wavelet. A estimação da eficiência energética, a partir da medição das tensões e correntes estatóricas, é sugerida como técnica alternativa para detecção da avaria. Resultados experimentais são apresentados para observação das estratégias sugeridas, avaliando-se a credibilidade da detecção da avaria com motor funcionando na rede sem carga, com carga estática (vibração e emissão acústica) e dinâmica (eficiência energética).
Isotermas e calor isostérico de dessorção das sementes de tungue
Authors: Costa Lílian Moreira , Resende Osvaldo , Ferreira Junior Weder Nunes , Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de , Silva Igor Olacir Fernandes
Published: April 2021

The tung is a species that has potential for biodiesel production, so for safe storage there is a need to get to know its hygroscopicity. The objective of this work was to determine the desorption isotherms based on the recommendation of a mathematical model, to define the safe moisture content for storage, and to obtain the isosteric heat for the tung seeds. In order to obtain the hygroscopic equilibrium water content, the static method was used, with 20g of seeds surrounded by a permeable tissue, and placed inside the desiccators containing salt solutions, in a BOD chamber with temperatures of 20, 25, At 30 and 35 ºC, water activity ranged from 0.14 to 0.812 decimal.The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Schwarz information criterion (BIC) were used to adjust the mathematical models and to help choose the best one. Among the tested models, ChungPfost was  elected to represent the desorption isotherms of tung seeds. Integral isosteric desorption heat values in the equilibrium moisture content range from 2.08 to 8.35 (% b.s.) ranged from 3754 to 2555 kJ kg-1
An Update on the Leading COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors:   University of Louisville, Eladely Ahmed
Published: April 2021

We reviewed the COVID-19 vaccines that reached phase III of clinical development. For each of the 10 vaccines identified, we described the technology used for vaccine development, the available data from phase III clinical trials, data on vaccine safety, and the role of new SARS-CoV-2 variants on vaccine efficacy.
H1N1 Influenza Virus (Swine Flu): A Comprehensive Insight into Escalating Catch-22 Scenarios
Authors:   University of Sargodha, Shahzaib Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Viruses have always been a major cause of various disastrous pandemics in mankind’s history. H1N1 became a threat when its original strain was first discovered back in the swine flu pandemic of 2009. It became highly catastrophic on a large scale because none of the therapeutic interventions and methodologies that were already present at the time were effective against the virus. Methods: A vast amount of literature and research is available regarding H1N1 influenza from different reputable sources online. The data was gathered following the contrasting and relative situations of 1918 as well as the 2009 pandemic in mind. The overall extracted material provides comprehensive insights into the ups and downs of H1N1 influenza from 1918 up to 2009. Results: H1N1 virus comprises of a huge potential to cause a pandemic of Influenza type A. The illness caused by the virus has a varying degree of severity depending on the immune function of the individual being under attack. The virus exploits droplet-based transmission mode for its spread from one host to another. The major center of escalation of the subtypes of virus mostly originates from different avian and swine species. Most notably subtypes H9N2 and H5N1 of influenza A, which aren’t easily transmissible among humans. Furthermore, the droplet-based transmission takes comparably less time to infect a population of thousands if not millions. This ultimately increases the overall death toll by several folds by initiating a constant wave of pro-inflammatory cytokine release among affected hosts. Conclusions: Since its discovery in 2009, researchers have developed antiviral drugs and vaccines to fight the virus, most of which have proven to be very successful in treating the interconnected complications. The present-day strategies are only efficacious until the current strains of influenza A do not produce resistance against these drugs. All the therapeutic techniques and methodologies that have been developed to confront the virus up until now have been described in this ample review.
Ritmo do Desempenho Motor de Crianças com Síndrome de Down: Série de Casos Clínicos
Authors: Bérgamo Stéfanny Paula , Da Silva Thuany Cristina Morais , Do Amaral Júlia Buzinaro Liberato , Queiroz Letícia Marino , Pereira Karina
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o ritmo do desempenho motor de crianças com síndrome de Down, dos 12 meses até a aquisição da marcha independente, nas posturas prona, sentada  e em pé. Descrição do Caso: Participaram cinco crianças com síndrome de Down, sendo três prematuras (idade gestacional de 33 semanas). Elas foram avaliadas mensalmente de acordo com a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), no Laboratório de Desempenho Neuromúsculo-esquelético e Postura da Universidade. Aos 29 meses, todas as crianças completaram a pontuação total da AIMS, que corresponde a marcha independente e a manutenção na posição de cócoras. Conclusões: O ritmo do desempenho motor nas posturas prona e em pé foi mais lento, sendo o engatinhar adquirido entre 16 e 24 meses e a marcha independente entre 21 e 29 meses.
Resistência Antimicrobiana e os Impactos na Sociedade
Authors: Machado Caroline Da Silva
Published: April 2021

RESUMOIntrodução: A resistência antimicrobiana é considerada um problema de saúde mundial e nos últimos anos vem gerando ameaça para o tratamento de infecções. Em vista disso, se faz necessário adotar medidas de cuidado na utilização, bem como na prescrição de Antibióticos.Objetivo: Dessa maneira, busca-se identificar o que ocasiona o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e a ocorrência de resistência antimicrobiana, evidenciar os impactos que esse desequilíbrio ocasiona na sociedade e alertar sobre a relevância de adotar medidas profiláticas.Metodologia: Esta pesquisa foi realizada com base em 16 documentos, envolvendo artigos e documentos governamentais, utilizando as bases de dados Bireme, Lilacs e Scielo, o portal do Ministério da Saúde (MS), portal da Organização Pan Americana de Saúde (OPAS) e da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA).Resultados: O presente estudo demonstra os elevados índices de resistência antimicrobiana e sua rápida proliferação, pontua as principais causas que contribuem para o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, os impactos financeiros gerados por esse desequilíbrio e identifica a importância de instruir os profissionais para a expansão de orientações.Conclusão: De acordo, com os resultados dessa pesquisa foi possível identificar a necessidade de ponderar estratégias a fim de minimizar os impactos gerados por tal problema. Palavras- chave: Antibióticos, Bactéria, Impactos, Resistência, Sociedade. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global health problem and in recent years has been generating a threat to the treatment of infections. In view of this, it is necessary to take care in the use, as well as in the prescription, of antibiotics.Objective: To identify what causes the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, to highlight the impacts that this imbalance causes on society and to warn about the relevance of adopting prophylactic measures.Methodology: This research was based on 16 documents, involving articles and government documents, using the databases Bireme, Lilacs and Scielo, the portal of the Ministry of Health (MS), portal of the Pan American Health Organization (OPAS) and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA).Results: This study demonstrates the high rates of antimicrobial resistance and its rapid proliferation, points out the main causes that contribute to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the financial impacts generated by this imbalance and identifies the importance of instructing professionals for the expansion of guidelines.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it was possible to identify the need to consider strategies in order to minimize the impacts generated by this problem. Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacteria, Impacts, Resistance, Society.
Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental à Acidentes Escorpiônicos: análise a partir do caso do município de Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: LISBOA NEREIDE SANTOS , Boere Vanner , Neves Frederico Monteiro
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: propor e testar um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental (IVSA) a acidentes escorpiônicos em Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil.Método: foi realizada análise multivariada, georreferenciamento e análise espacial, utilizando-se de dados do Censo Demográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) -2010 e do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) para o período de 2010 a 2017.Resultado: Corroborando a hipótese, os resultados deste trabalho mostram que quanto mais vulnerável está a população, maior é a frequência de acidentes escorpiônicos.Conclusão: Com base nos resultados pode-se afirmar que o IVSA possui grande versatilidade quanto ao seu uso e se constitui como uma ferramenta de fácil utilização e baixo custo para o planejamento das estratégias de políticas públicas mais eficazes.
Depressão na Adolescência: Representações Sociais de Acadêmicos de Psicologia
Authors: Amâncio Nadia Paula Vieira , Da Siva Jean Paulo , Vitali Marieli Mezari
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Atualmente, em um contexto global, observa-se um crescente aumento de diagnósticos de depressão na adolescência, o que a torna uma demanda importante para o contexto das políticas públicas de saúde. Dessa forma, considera-se a necessidade de compreender o pensamento social de futuros profissionais da saúde mental sobre esse fenômeno. Objetivo: Investigar a estrutura das representações sociais de acadêmicos de psicologia sobre a depressão na adolescência. Materiais e Métodos: Constitui-se em uma pesquisa de levantamento de dados com caráter exploratório e descritivo. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado e técnica de evocação livre para obtenção dos dados. Participaram da pesquisa 80 acadêmicos de psicologia divididos em fases iniciais e finais. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Evoc 2000. Resultados: A análise dos dados permitiu verificar que a estrutura da representação social da depressão na adolescência para os acadêmicos é composta por um núcleo central que envolve os elementos tristeza, suicídio, solidão, isolamento e desânimo. Enquanto o sistema periférico corresponde a elementos relativos à angustia, baixa autoestima, família, sofrimento, bullying, conflitos, exclusão, medicamentos e medo. Conclusão: Observou-se que as representações sociais dos acadêmicos de psicologia se relacionam às esferas psicoafetivas e psicossociais da sintomatologia do transtorno depressivo na adolescência.