bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Approach towards the Sex Pheromone of the Female Oleander Scale Aspidiotus Nerii
Authors: Schmidt Arndt W , Suresh Joghee R , Theumer Gabriele , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2007

We report a synthetic approach to the sex pheromone of the female oleander scale Aspidiotus nerii using our Lewis acid promoted [2 + 2] cycloaddition of allylsilanes in combination with the modified Fleming–Tamao oxidation.
Synthetic Studies on Mycalolide B: Synthesis of the C7–C35 Fragment
Authors: Kimura Tomoyuki , Kuribayashi Satomi , Sengoku Tetsuya , Matsui Keita , Ueda Shoko , Hayakawa Ichiro , Suenaga Kiyotake , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: November 2007

Mycalolide B, a cytotoxic macrolide isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Mycale, has an actin depolymerizing activity. This paper reports the synthesis of C7–C35 fragment of mycalolides via cross olefin metathesis reaction between trisoxazole fragment and side-chain fragment.
2H- and 13C-Labelling Studies on Skeletal Reorganization of 1,6-Enynes
Authors: Nakai Hiromi , Chatani Naoto
Published: November 2007

2H- and 13C-labelling studies on skeletal reorganization of 1,6-enynes having a terminal alkyne moiety have been performed with various catalysts. The products are 1-vinylcyclopentenes, but two possible isomers, type I and II products, can be formed. The formation of type I involves the cleavage of the original C–C double bonds and migration of the terminal alkene carbon atom to the terminus of the alkyne. On the other hand, the formation of type II involves a double cleavage of the C–C double bond and the C–C triple bond, which is an anomalous bond connection. The product ratio is affected by the nature of the catalyst used. Type II is obtained as a major isomer in the case of late transition metal halides. On the other hand, the type I product forms exclusively in the presence of a typical element halide, such as InCl3.
DFT Calculation of Site-specific Acid Dissociation Constants of Purine Nucleobases
Authors: Jang Yun Hee , Hwang Sungu , Chung Doo Soo
Published: November 2007

The intrinsic proton affinities of individual basic sites, so-called micro acid dissociation constants, of purine nucleobases in aqueous solution are calculated using an ab initio quantum-mechanical method in combination with the Poisson–Boltzmann continuum solvation model. Calculated micro acid dissociation constants as well as macro acid dissociation constants (pKa) agree with recent experimental measurements mostly within a pH unit.
Single-Leg Air-Cargo Revenue Management
Authors: Amaruchkul Kannapha , Cooper William L. , Gupta Diwakar
Published: November 2007

We consider a cargo booking problem on a single-leg flight with the goal of maximizing expected contribution. Each piece of cargo is endowed with a random volume and a random weight whose precise values are not known until just before the flight's departure. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). Exact solution of the formulation is impractical, because of its high-dimensional state space; therefore, we develop six heuristics. The first four heuristics are based on different value-function approximations derived from two computationally tractable MDPs, each with a one-dimensional state space. The remaining two heuristics are obtained from solving related methematical programming problems. We also compare the heuristics with the first-come, first-served (FCFS) policy. Simulation experiments suggest that the value function approximation derived from separate “volume” and “weight” problems offers the best approach. Comparisons of the expected contribution under the heuristic to an upper bound show that the heuristic is typically close to optimal.
Heuristic Approaches for the Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Dell'Amico Mauro , Monaci Michele , Pagani Corrado , Vigo Daniele
Published: November 2007

The fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows (FSMVRPTW) is the problem of determining, at the same time, the composition and the routing of a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles aimed to serve a given set of customers. The routing problem requires us to design a set of minimum-cost routes originating and terminating at a central depot and serving customers with known demands, within given time windows. This paper develops a constructive insertion heuristic and a metaheuristic algorithm for FSMVRPTW. Extensive computational experiments on benchmark instances show that the proposed method is robust and efficient, and outperforms the previously published results.
The European Air Traffic Flow Management Problem
Authors: Lulli Guglielmo , Odoni Amedeo
Published: November 2007

Air traffic flow management in Europe has to deal as much with capacity constraints in en route airspace as with the more usual capacity constraints at airports. The en route sector capacity constraints, in turn, generate complex interactions among traffic flows. We present a deterministic optimization model for the European air traffic flow management (ATFM) problem. The model designs flow management strategies involving combinations of ground and airborne holding. The paper illustrates the complex nature of European (EU) ATFM solutions, the benefits that can be obtained by purposely assigning airborne holding delays to some flights, and the issues of equity that arise as a result of the interactions among traffic flows. In particular, we show that, in certain circumstances, it is better, in terms of total delay and delay cost, to assign to a flight a more expensive airborne holding delay than a ground delay. We also show that in the EU ATFM context, fundamental conflicts may often arise between the objectives of efficiency and equity (or “fairness”). This finding may have profound implications for the possibility of developing a “collaborative decision-making” environment for air traffic flow management in Europe.
The Salaried Middle Class and the Welfare State in Sweden and Japan
Authors: Gould Arthur
Published: November 2007

This paper is an attempt to explore the ways in which the salaried middle class (SMC) in Sweden and in Japan, benefit from and influence social welfare policies. It is argued that in both countries members of the SMC benefit as consumers and producers of education, medical care and social security service; and that they advance their interests through corporatist institutions. Sweden’s SMC would seem to be larger, more cohesive and more powerful than that of Japan. The author concludes that where a working class is weak and divided, as in Japan, the SMC is largely a creature of capital; but that where a working class is strong and well-organised, as in Sweden, the SMC grows in response to the needs and demands of both labour and capital, and thereby achieves greater influence, autonomy and power.
Rural Services: Change in North-East Norfolk
Authors: Harman Reg
Published: November 2007

Based on detailed survey work, the paper charts the trends between 1975 and 1981 of various local services in a defined rural area of Northeast Norfolk: these include shops, sub-post offices, garages, pubs and cafes, and public transport. The trends show that market forces dominate provision of these commercial services: economics of scale mean that smaller settlements especially lack services. This pattern causes direct disadvantages for the less mobile, and also stands to harm society as a whole. The paper goes on to review stated policies aimed at offsetting these problems; notably Norfolk’s Structure Plan; it then illustrates how the approach taken by the relevant local authorities has largely fallen well short of the Structure Plan’s intentions. The author concludes that the policy guidelines and actual management practice of public authorities need to be brought properly in line, and that responsibility for public projects should be delegated to a local level, albeit in line with guidelines and funding established at national or county level.
Pressure Groups and Policy Formation in the European Communities
Authors: Philip Alan Butt
Published: November 2007

The author considers the role of pressure groups within the established decisionmaking framework of the European Communities and the internal pressures to which European pressure groups are subjected. Two case studies are then examined: the agreement of the 1977 directive harmonising banking laws which was achieved only after making great concessions to the banking lobby, especially in Britain; and the organisation of the European Regional Development Fund where initial pressure group interest has been stilled by the insistence of national governments on controlling the Fund’s day-to-day administration but over which the European Parliament has exercised some decisive influence. The author concludes that pressure group activity in E.C. policy formation largely reflects the extent to which Brussels rather than national governments is in control of policy and administration on any subject, and that there are more opportunities for significant pressure group influence on policy development than adherents to the ‘intergovernmentalist’ model of the E.C. suggest.
Tripartism and the New Technology
Authors: Richardson J. J.
Published: November 2007

It is reasonable to argue that the impact of new technology could produce an important challenge to the political system’s capacity to adapt to change. The impact of the new technology may also produce new interests and alliances. Already there has been an interesting example of attempted co-operation between the CDI and the TUC, against a background of government encouragement in the context of the NEDC. Discussions between the CDI and the TUC on the development of a joint approach to new technology initially went well. At one stage it appeared that an agreement on new technology had been reached. In the event, the CDI Council failed to ratify the ‘agreement’ and this particular initiative collapsed. However, a tripartite approach to new technology is now firmly established in the NEDC framework. Benefits of such an approach are unlikely to be spectacular though more gradual changes in attitudes to technological change may result.
Social Assistance: The Reality of Open Government
Authors: Walker Carol
Published: November 2007

The major changes to the supplementary benefits scheme introduced by the Conservative Government under the provisions of the Social Security Act 1980 emanated from a review of the scheme set up by the previous Labour Administration. The article examines how the structure and approach adopted for the SB review allowed the policy making process to survive a change of Government. In particular, the article examines why it was decided to carry out the review as ‘an exercise in open government’; what ‘open government’ meant in practice and finally the extent to which participants in the exercise were able to affect the nature of the changes which were introduced.
Priorities and Resource Allocation in the Scottish Health Service: Some Problems in ‘Planning and Implementation’
Authors: Gray Alastair M. , Hunter David J.
Published: November 2007

Recent years have witnessed a growing concern in the NHS to devise and implement policies which explicitly recognise that certain client groups and services should receive a higher priority. The paper points to problems arising from the formulation and implementation of the Scottish health priorities documents, drawing where appropriate on related developments in England. Three areas are highlighted for analysis: the policy ambiguity inherent in the documents; problems of collaboration in implementing the policies; and problems posed by central-local relations. The paper concludes that there is a need for a more sophisticated response to the present fiscal squeeze than simply defending the status quo and suggests that the squeeze could provide the necessary stimulus for change.
Master of Fate or Victim of Circumstance — The Exercise of Corporate Power in Environmental Policy-making
Authors: Blowers Andrew
Published: November 2007

Pluralist and political economy theories provide alternative interpretations of corporate power. These are evaluated against a case study of conflict over pollution control between the London Brick Company and environmental opponents. Four phases in the conflict are identified — non decision making, negotiation, confrontation and resolution. The political economy approach suggests that the company was first able to suppress the issue, then to manipulate its plans to divide the opposition and finally to secure its objectives through investment withdrawal. The pluralist argument is that the company’s strategy can be explained as a reaction to changing and unforeseen circumstances with the outcome uncertain. The impact of recession is either regarded as fortuitous or a determining factor. Neither explanation is fully confirmed by the evidence though both contribute to an understanding of corporate power.
Administrative Plurality in a Unitary State: The analysis of public organisational pluralism
Authors: Toonen Theo A. J.
Published: November 2007

Despite variety, plurality and complexity, analysis of (inter) organisational arrangements in the mixed economy of unitary states is still dominated by the centralistic frame of reference suggested by the formal-legal characteristics of these systems. Despite a growing sense of discomfort with this situation, and a growing critique of the unwarrantability of assumptions of uniformity and centralised control, an alternative theoretical approach does not yet seem to have been developed. This article explores the field of public administration in order to see what perspectives can be offered to the analysis of plural public structures. It distinguishes between a policy-instrumental and a political perspective. Differences are outlined in confronting these perspectives with respect to some analytical and normative issues to be resolved.
Theory and Practice in Public Policy and Administration
Authors: Minogue Martin
Published: November 2007

The complexity of the relationships between government and society, and the wide range of activities characteristic of the modern state, inevitably give rise to disagreement over what constitutes the proper mode of analysis of public administration. This problem of theory is closely linked to the problem of establishing and explaining what goes on in practice; and it is the practice of politics which creates the greatest theoretical hurdle. The response of one dominant approach to the study and practice of governmental activity, characterized here as ‘managerialism’, is to leave out both policy and politics. The argument of the article is that, not only can politics not be ‘left out’, but that political analysis offers a superior approach to ‘managerial’ analysis both as a form of explanation and as a prescriptive mode.
‘A Tale of Two Quangocracies’: Membership of Commercial Public Boards in Britain — 1950-style and 1980-style
Authors: Hood Christopher
Published: November 2007

‘This article compares the 1950 membership structure of British commercial public boards with that of 1980. In order to explore the extent of change in that structure over this thirty-year period, the analysis covers size and composition of boards, characteristics of board chairmen, “births, deaths and marriages” among public boards, and the 1950 and 1980 structures of four “surviving” boards. The picture which emerges is by no means one of total inertia, but there are some clear continuities.’
School Governing Bodies: A Case of Uncertainty
Authors: Packwood Tim
Published: November 2007

School governing bodies provide the most common opportunity for citizens to participate in government in this country, but their role is singularly unclear and variable. Their past history shows that lack of clarity is not a recent phenomenon and that they have been used to stress different objectives at different times. The findings from a recent research project investigating the role of governing bodies within the local educational system are drawn on to explain the reasons for this uncertainty which, it is suggested, lie in the structural position governing bodies occupy within local educational systems and in the weakness of the power at their disposal. As a result of these factors, the role of governing bodies varies according to the strength of authority they exercise and the focus of their attention. Finally, it is suggested that one way to provide governing bodies with a more positive role and build upon the strengths of their pluralist nature would be to define their purpose with more precision.
McKinsey at the Met (and a Tale of Two Cities)
Authors: Lustgarten Laurence
Published: November 2007

Laurence Lustgarten reviews the recent multi-volume study of the Metropolitan Police and an earlier study taking a broader view of the police, their powers under law and the politics of police governance.
The Perception of Poverty in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ditch John
Published: November 2007

This paper extracts data from the EEC’s public opinion survey entitled ‘The Perception of Poverty’ and presents previously unpublished data relating to Northern Ireland respondents. It suggests a relatively low awareness of the existence of poverty; a suspicion of state intervention to alleviate its causes and consequences; a tendency to attribute ‘need’ to individual or pathological rather than social causes. Differences in attitude and perception between Protestants and Catholics are also presented and discussed. Overall, respondents in Northern Ireland are closer in their attitudes to respondents in Great Britain than they are to respondents in the Republic of Ireland.

The data relates to 312 cases in the province but because of the characteristics of the survey and the high non-response rate to certain questions (for example, voting intentions) the discussion is entirely descriptive. This is recognised to be a major deficiency in the paper, but it is believed that in the absence of any comparable data, and as an exercise in exploration rather than explanation it does provide an illustrative basis for subsequent work using a more satisfactory survey.
Taxation and Social Security Reform: Reflections on Advising a House of Commons Select Committee
Authors: Atkinson A. B.
Published: November 2007

This paper draws four main lessons about the process of policy reform in the field of taxation and social security, based on the experience of the recent House of Commons Select Committee investigation. The first lesson concerns the barriers to understanding raised by the complexity of the system and the way in which apparently simple reforms turn out on closer examination to reveal a large number of difficulties. Secondly, it can be quite misleading to conduct the analysis in terms of hypothetical examples, and household survey information is essential. Third, account should ideally be taken of changes in behaviour, and understanding of this means that one has to examine a whole range of different possible decisions. Finally, it is important that the analysis should be accessible, and the article discusses the contribution of micro-computer programs to this end.
Housing Policy and Alternative Housing Tenures: Some Scandinavian Examples
Authors: Lundqvist Lennart J.
Published: November 2007

Two strategies for increasing tenant influence and decreasing the need for state housing subsidies are discussed: 1) conversion of rental dwellings into cooperatives or condominiums, and 2) changes in the content of rental tenure. Some Scandinavian examples are presented as a basis for discussion of the viability of the two strategies. The conversion strategy does increase tenant influence, but may cause a less equitable distribution of housing standards and costs. Changing the content of rental tenure gives relatively less influence to tenants, but guarantees access for all to high quality, cost-rent housing.
‘Only Connect … ’: tightrope walking and joint working in the care of the elderly
Authors: McKeganey Neil , Hunter David
Published: November 2007

Repeated calls for improved joint working between agencies and professionals providing social care have had limited success. Following a brief review of possible reasons for this, it is argued that joint working cannot truly succeed unless it does so at street level at the professional/user interface. Yet this level has received little attention. Taking the example of a mechanism created to ease communications and negotiate transitions between a range of services for the elderly, the paper demonstrates that there exists an important but neglected role for brokers or mediators (so-called ‘reticulists’) who display an awareness of the political realities and power dimension of organisational life and who operate on the margins and in the interstices of services. Of the lessons to be learned from this initiative in joint working the most important is that a direct transplant is likely to suffer rejection. The mechanism reported on is a product of its environment—a ‘bottom-up’ response to a perceived problem—and tailored accordingly.
Performance Measurement in Public Sector Services
Authors: Flynn Norman
Published: November 2007

This paper argues that there are four influences on the development of performance measures in the public services: a belief by the government that reward should be linked to performance and that financial incentives can be developed which bring about the link; a belief in the superiority of management in the private sector compared with the public; performance measures are inevitably linked by those engaged in service provision to attempts to cut expenditure; the measurement approaches being adopted imply the accountability of local services to a higher body, rather than the users of the services. Because of these influences, there is confusion among managers about the meaning of performance measurement and this reduces its value as an aid to good management in the public services.
The Future of Welfare: a review article
Authors: Hill Michael
Published: November 2007

The article looks at four edited collections of essays on issues about the current state of welfare and its future.
Linking Policy Areas: IT education, training and youth unemployment in the UK and West Germany
Authors: Moon Jeremy , Webber Douglas , Richardson J. J.
Published: November 2007

This paper is concerned with examining the extent to which governments in West Germany and the UK have attempted to achieve linkages between these adjacent policy areas. As a result of traditional labour market and educational practices, Germany enjoys comparatively low levels of youth unemployment and of IT skill shortages, and there has been no great imperative to ‘link’ these policy areas at the Federal level; a mainly ‘decentralised rationality’ has persisted. By contrast, the UK’s record on youth unemployment and skill shortages is poor, prompting attempts to achieve a ‘co-ordinated rationality’ by linking these areas. The paper examines reasons for these differences and discusses possible implications thereof.
‘Corporate Bias’ in Central-Local Relations: a case study of the Consultative Council on Local Government Finance
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W.
Published: November 2007

This paper presents a case study of the Consultative Council on Local Government Finance during the years 1974-79 and explores the usefulness of corporatist theory for explaining its origins and subsequent evolution. In addition the paper is an exercise in contemporary history and it is argued that the analysis of developments in the 1970s is essential for understanding current problems, whatever theory is adopted. It concludes that corporatist theory is both too rigid and too inclusive, failing to recognise variations between policy areas in the pattern of government-interest group relations. A more productive concept for analysing such relationships is that of the policy network.
Petit Bourgeois Care: Private residential care for the elderly
Authors: Phillips David R. , Vincent John A. , Blacksell Sarah
Published: November 2007

This paper seeks to explain the oscillation in government policy towards the private sector of residential care of the elderly. It draws on empirical material from a survey of private homes in Devon and employs theoretical concepts from work on small businesses and the petit bourgeoisie. The paper explores the ideological use of such concepts as ‘family’ and the ‘self-made man’, and points to inherent ambiguities in applying those concepts to the sphere of private residential care as it is currently practised. Within the rhetoric of the political right, proprietors of private homes can be labelled both as paragons of virtue and as moral degenerates, which underlies an inability of government to maintain a coherent policy towards this sector of care.
Manufacturing Variability, Microstructure, and Deformation of Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tubes
Authors: Bickel G. A. , Griffiths M.
Published: November 2007

The time-dependent deformation behavior of pressure tubes in CANDU™ (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactors is an important property that has to be predicted for reactor life management. Measurements accumulated over many years have shown that there is considerable variability in deformation rates between different tubes. The deformation behavior not only varies from tube to tube but also varies along the length of each tube; this axial variation in itself is unique to each tube. The deformation behavior is determined by the microstructure and this is a function of the manufacturing history. An exhaustive study has been conducted to collect and compile deformation and manufacturing data for tubes in many different reactors. The manufacturing data have been analyzed with respect to the measured in-reactor performance of the pressure tubes. Data from pressure tubes fabricated over a 30-year period have been analyzed. During this time the manufacturing parameters have evolved to improve the workability and mechanical properties and also reduce tube-to-tube variability. The effect of manufacturing variables on in-reactor performance has been assessed for tubes that have been in service for many years and approaching the end of their design life. The analysis shows that the two most important factors that affect the deformation behavior of pressure tubes are the material source (ingot) and the extrusion conditions. These are related by the microstructure (texture, grain size, and dislocation density) to the deformation. The results of the statistical analyses will be presented and discussed in terms of the manufacturing conditions that bring about specific microstructures.
Developing an Empirical Yield-Prediction Model Based on Wheat and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Density, Nitrogen and Herbicide Rate, and Growing-Season Precipitation
Authors: Wagner N. C. , Maxwell B. D. , Taper M. L. , Rew L. J.
Published: November 2007

To develop a more complete understanding of the ecological factors that regulate crop productivity, we tested the relative predictive power of yield models driven by five predictor variables: wheat and wild oat density, nitrogen and herbicide rate, and growing-season precipitation. Existing data sets were collected and used in a meta-analysis of the ability of at least two predictor variables to explain variations in wheat yield. Yield responses were asymptotic with increasing crop and weed density; however, asymptotic trends were lacking as herbicide and fertilizer levels were increased. Based on the independent field data, the three best-fitting models (in order) from the candidate set of models were a multiple regression equation that included all five predictor variables (R2= 0.71), a double-hyperbolic equation including three input predictor variables (R2= 0.63), and a nonlinear model including all five predictor variables (R2= 0.56). The double-hyperbolic, three-predictor model, which did not include herbicide and fertilizer influence on yield, performed slightly better than the five-variable nonlinear model including these predictors, illustrating the large amount of variation in wheat yield and the lack of concrete knowledge upon which farmers base their fertilizer and herbicide management decisions, especially when weed infestation causes competition for limited nitrogen and water. It was difficult to elucidate the ecological first principles in the noisy field data and to build effective models based on disjointed data sets, where none of the studies measured all five variables. To address this disparity, we conducted a five-variable full-factorial greenhouse experiment. Based on our five-variable greenhouse experiment, the best-fitting model was a new nonlinear equation including all five predictor variables and was shown to fit the greenhouse data better than four previously developed agronomic models with anR2of 0.66. Development of this mathematical model, through model selection and parameterization with field and greenhouse data, represents the initial step in building a decision support system for site-specific and variable-rate management of herbicide, fertilizer, and crop seeding rate that considers varying levels of available water and weed infestation.
Heterologous Hybridization of Cotton Microarrays with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Reveals Physiological Responses Due to Corn Competition
Authors: Horvath David P. , Llewellyn Danny , Clay Sharon A.
Published: November 2007

Microarray analysis was used to identify changes in gene expression in velvetleaf that result from competition with corn. The plants were grown in field plots under adequate N (addition of 220 kg N ha−1) to minimize stress and sampled at the V6 growth stage of corn (late June). Leaf area, dry weight, and N and P concentration were similar in velvetleaf plants grown alone or with corn. Competition, however, did influence velvetleaf gene expression. Genes involved in carbon utilization, photosynthesis, red light signaling, and cell division were preferentially expressed when velvetleaf was grown in competition with corn. A less clear picture of the physiological impact of growth in monoculture was provided by the data. However, several genes involved in secondary metabolism and a gene preferentially expressed in response to phosphate availability were induced. No differences were observed in genes responsive to water stress or sequestering/transporting micronutrients.
Fate of Prohexadione Calcium in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Three Turfgrasses
Authors: Beam Josh B. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: November 2007

Prohexadione calcium is an experimental turfgrass growth regulator that selectively controls or suppresses annual bluegrass in desirable turfgrass such as creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. To help explain interspecific differences in turfgrass and weed response to prohexadione calcium, two laboratory trials were conducted to measure 14C-prohexadione calcium absorption, translocation, and metabolism in these four species. Annual and Kentucky bluegrass absorbed more prohexadione calcium than creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass when averaged over harvest timing and trial. Radioactivity partitioning to other foliage did not differ between species but annual bluegrass and Kentucky bluegrass translocated more radioactivity to roots and evolved more radioactive CO2 than creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass. Thin-layer chromatographic separations indicate radioactivity was translocated predominately as prohexadione calcium. When averaged over species and trial, 25 and 16% of recovered prohexadione calcium was metabolized within 1 h after treatment in treated leaves and other foliage, respectively. The rate of metabolic degradation was 0.7% h−1 in treated leaves and 0.4% h−1 in other foliage. Previous research indicates that annual and Kentucky bluegrass growth is suppressed more by prohexadione calcium than is growth of creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass. Increased prohexadione calcium absorption partially explained these interspecific differences in growth suppression.
Diffuse osteolytic lesions in leukemic transformation of myelofibrosis
Authors: Jurisic Vladimir , Colovic Natasa , Pavlovic Sonja , Colovic Milica
Published: November 2007

Myelofibrosis is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, abnormal deposition of reticulin and collagen in the bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis, dacryocytosis and leukoerythroblastic blood smear. Development and sustainment of fibrosis are mediated by complex network of several cytokines. Osteosclerosis is the most frequently observed bone change in myelofibrosis. We present an atypical case of leukemic transformation in myelofibrosis associated with diffuse osteolytic lesions and extremely elevated lactate dehydrogenase in serum, which indicates high bone turnover during leukemic infiltration and bone destruction.
Device for calibration of low pressure gauges development
Authors: Nikitovic Z.D.
Published: November 2007

Vacuum system set-up is presented and used for calibration of pressure gauges in the region of rough vacuum, from 103 mbar to 10-1 mbar, with dry air. The capacitance manometer is used for the calibration of piezoresistant manometer, oil, mercury and mercury micrometers U manometers. The applicability of the experimental set-up and obtained results for the low pressure gauges calibration in the medium and high vacuum region is approved. It was shown how calibration of some cheaper pressure gauges might be performed and reliable measurements of the pressure may be made in the region that is of interest for atomic and molecular collision physics and low-pressure gas discharges. It was also shown that mentioned calibration procedure could be used for calibration of different U manometer types in order to renormalize older atomic and molecular collision data.
Experiment of water aerosol estimations of droplet parameters
Authors: Sarkovic Dragan , Babovic Vukota
Published: November 2007

Recently we developed two types of ultrasonic sprayers, one operating in megahertz domain and the other aimed to work in kilohertz domain. This paper is devoted to droplet sizing for aerosols produced by both apparatuses. Two independent methods of physical characterizations are applied, microscopic method and static light scattering method. We conclude that water aerosols generated with a 1.7 MHz piezoelectric plate are rich with droplets of very fine and fine classes (diameters D < 2 ?m). The same is valid for 40 kHz generator, except the relevant groups are those with D < 20 ?m. Because our starting intentions was relating to possible applications of aerosols in tobacco industry and similar branches, these result must be evaluated as sufficiently encouraging. In the paper we present data, figures and tables for water as a working fluid, but a comment is made in order to relate conclusions with expected results for other (low-viscous) liquids. Finally a short remark is done concerning a simple theoretical model of probability functions for droplet sizing in aerosols.
Radionuclidic generators for the production of technetium-99m and rhenium-188
Authors: Vucina Jurij , Lukic Dragoljub
Published: November 2007

The paper deals with production and application of open radioactive sources in modern diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. In principle, besides adequate physical, chemical and biological properties a reliable route for the routine production of both radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical should be on disposal. The favorite route are radionuclidic generators as they enable simple production of shorter-lived radionuclides at relatively low costs. The main radionuclide in diagnosis is technetium-99m. Its advantages are favorable nuclear properties, availability of large activities of high quality 99mTc at reasonable prices by using (n,f)99Mo/99mTc generators and versatile chemistry. It is used in the investigation of practically all organs and tissues in the human body. Among the betaemitters the radionuclides of rhenium have been recently proposed as suitable candidates for therapeutic applications. The most important is 188Re which is obtained from 188W/188Re generator. Some of the important radiopharmaceuticals labeled with rhenium radionuclides used for certain specific indications are also shown. The activities performed in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes (Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences) are also enclosed.
Physical parameters of the ventilated filter cigarette
Authors: Djurdjanovic O.D. , Miljkovic Ljupce
Published: November 2007

The main physical parameter of all ventilated filter cigarettes is the filter ventilation. It has been known for many years that these cigarettes have a possibility to achieve major reductions in all noxious smoke components including those in the gas phase, and that filter ventilation is a practical tool for controlling smoke deliveries. The term filter ventilation in this case describes the supply of diluting air to the main-stream smoke via the ventilated cigarette filter. Smoking of a lit cigarette is a nonlinear dynamic process, and filter ventilation depends on the interrelationship between a number of factors. Fortunately, the total ventilation measured on an unlit cigarette during constant and standard air flow at mouth end is somewhat lower than for a lit cigarette. It was shown that linear models used here make it possible to estimate filter ventilation degree for various commercial unlit cigarettes from nondestructive pressure measurements and geometrical data.
Some transport properties in plasmas containing argon and fluorine
Authors: Novakovic R.N.V. , Milic B.S. , Stojilkovic S.M. , Gajic Dragan
Published: November 2007

In this paper some results of numerical evaluation of transport coefficients in plasmas in the mixtures of argon and fluorine are presented. These transport characteristics are given in the function of the temperature for low pressures ranging from 0,1 kPa to 1,0 kPa and for low temperatures between 500 K and 5 000 K in argon plasmas with 20% and 30% of the fluorine added. It is assumed that the system is kept under constant pressure and that a corresponding state of local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) is attained in it. The equilibrium plasma composition, necessary for the evaluations, was determined on the ground of the Saha equations for ionization processes and the law of mass action for the thermal dissociation of F2, combined with the charge conservation relation and the assumption that the pressure remained constant in the course of temperature variations. The ionization energy lowering, required in conjunction with the Saha equations, was obtained with the aid of a modified expression for the plasma Debye radius proposed previously. A previously derived expression for the modified Debye radius, offering the possibility to treat the plasmas considered as weakly non-ideal in the whole temperature range, is used. The cut-off at the Landau length rather than of the smallest of ionic radii is introduced. This alteration in the evaluation procedure brings different considerable changes in the final numerical results for the all relevant quantities.
Propagator for the free relativistic particle on Archimedean and no Archimedean spaces
Authors: Dimitrijevic Dejan , Djordjevic Goran , Nesic Ljubisa
Published: November 2007

We consider dynamics of a free relativists particle at very short distances treating space-time as Archimedean as well as no Archimedean one. Usual action for the relativistic particle is nonlinear. Meanwhile, in the real case, that system may be treated like a system with quadratic (Hamiltonian) constraint. We perform similar procedure in p-adic case, as the simplest example of a no Archimedean space. The existence of the simplest vacuum state is considered and corresponding Green function is calculated. Similarities and differences between obtained results on both spaces are examined and possible physical implications are discussed. .
Generation of the sheared radial electric field by a magnetic island structure
Authors: Mancic Ana , Maluckov Aleksandra , Masayoshi Yokoyama , Masao Okamoto
Published: November 2007

The effect of the presence of a magnetic island structure on the am bipolar radial electric field is studied in the context of the belt island model. It is shown that the sheared radial electric field region exists on the island position. Depending on the model parameters, the single (ion root) or multiple (one ion and two electron roots) solutions for the radial electric field are obtained at different radial positions. The radially non-local treatment is developed proposing the steady-state plasma conditions. The numerical calculations show that the diffusion of the radial electric field is significant only near the island boundaries. As a result the discontinuities in the am bipolar electric field profile are smoothed.
Uniform plasma oscillations in ellipsoid of conductive material
Authors: Kornyushin Yuri
Published: November 2007

The influence of the shape of a sample on the type of uniform dipole collective electrons oscillations is discussed. In samples of a bulk shape uniform bulk dipole oscillation (Langmuir oscillation) cannot exist. It exists in samples of a thin slab shape only. As uniform bulk dipole oscillations cannot penetrate ellipsoidal samples of conductive material they exist in the surface layer of a sample only (Mie oscillations). Frequencies of Mie oscillations are calculated for a sample of the shape of an arbitrary ellipsoid.
Destabilization and aggregation of aqueous humic acids solution by metal ions
Authors: Andjelkovic Tatjana , Perovic Jelica , Purenovic Milovan , Andjelkovic Darko
Published: November 2007

The aggregation of soil humic acid (HA) after addition of cations was investigated by nephelometric measurements of HA solution turbidity. Here we show that aggregation is promoted by the presence of positive ions in the solution and that the order of increasing effectiveness in turbidity follows Schulze-Hardy rule. Also, the obtained results indicate that the cation with the largest ionic radius within a common valence is the most effective coagulant. Influence of unions follows the sequence: chloride < nitrate < sulphate, but it is insignificant comparing the influence of cation. This confirms that HA molecules are of negative charge.
Studying thermodynamics of metastable states
Authors: Kornyushin Yuri
Published: November 2007

Simple classical thermodynamic approach to the general description of metastable states is presented. It makes it possible to calculate the explicit dependence of the Gibbs free energy on temperature, to calculate the heat capacity, the thermodynamic barrier, dividing metastable and more stable states, and the thermal expansion coefficient. Thermodynamic stability under mechanical loading is considered. The influence of the heating (cooling) rate on the measured dynamic heat capacity is investigated. A phase shift of the temperature oscillations of an ac heated sample is shown to be determined by the relaxation time of the relaxation of the metastable nonequilibrium state back to the metastable equilibrium one. This dependence allows one to calculate the relaxation time. A general description of the metastable phase equilibrium is proposed. Metastable states in AB3 alloys are considered. Reasons for the change from the diffusional mechanism of the supercritical nucleus growth to the martensitic one as the heating rate increases are discussed. The Ostwald stage rule is derived.
Dynamic response of some atoms: Many-body calculations
Authors: Tancic Aleksandar , Nikolic M.
Published: November 2007

The frequency-dependent polarizability in the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation has been corrected for true correlation effects by means of many-body theory. The polarizability has been computed in the Random Phase Approximation with Exchange (RPAE) for He, Ar Xe, Kr, Li, Ca through the second (and some higher) order in the correlation potential. With this polarizability as input we obtained the values of some atomic interaction constants.
Elastic scattering of low-energy positron by atom
Authors: Nikolic M.R. , Tancic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

In this paper, we present our calculation for the elastic scattering of the slow positron from atoms. The calculation is performed for He, Ne, Xe and Kr. In the calculations we used Random phase approximation. By slowing Dyson equation we take into account the correlation effects. Our results are consistent with experimental and other theoretical results.
Characterization of pesticide-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in aqueous solution
Authors: Petrovic Goran , Stojceva-Radovanovic Blaga , Jovanovic O.
Published: November 2007

The solubility of four different pesticides, "dimethoate", "simazine" "linuron" and "thiram", poorly soluble or non-soluble in water, were measured in water and in aqueous solution of ?-cyclodextrin by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Standard water solutions of pesticides were prepared in the range of concentrations up to the maximum solubility of each pesticide in water. Concentrations of the pesticides were determined as absorbance on the absorption maximum. The obtained results show that the aqueous solution of ?-cyclodextrin was a powerful solubilizer of investigated pesticides due to the formation of inclusion complexes. Effective solubility of some of the pesticides in aqueous ?-cyclodextrin solution was up to three orders of magnitude higher than those in water. Thermodynamic parameters and complex stability constant of the obtained inclusion complexes were determined by the calorimetric measurements.
Global warming and SF6 molecule
Authors: Gajevic Jelena , Stevic Marija , Nikolic Jelena , Rabasovic Mihailo , Markushev Dragan
Published: November 2007

In this paper the basic SF6 molecule physical characteristics are given concerning its influence on global warming and green house effect. Absorption and relaxation characteristics of this molecule have been investigated within the frame of nonlinear molecule ? strong laser field interaction in different gas mixtures. All experiments have been performed on a different gas mixture pressures to analyze and investigate relaxation and energy transfer characteristics of absorbing molecules and non-absorbing collision partners. To show the SF6 absorption and relaxation and energy transfer capability comparison between SF6 and C2H4 was given using the same experimental conditions and argon as a buffer gas. All measurement points and their calculated values presented in this paper have been obtained using the infrared-pulsed photoacoustics technique adopted for atmospheric and subatmospheric pressures.
Radiation protection in the world and in former Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro since discovering of the x-rays to nowadays
Authors: Ninkovic M.M.
Published: November 2007

Harmful effects of radiation and call for protection against it were recognized practically immidiatly upon the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity. A chronological review of some key events in development of radiation protection is given in this paper. First, the main activities of the ICRP since its establishment to nowadays are presented. Afterwards, a general description of some, according to the author's opinion, important events in the field of radiation protection in the former Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro are given as: Vinca accident; Organization of Radiation Protection Laboratory in Vinca Institute; International Vinca Dosimetry Experiment; First Symposium and organization of the Yugoslav Radiation Protection Association; the French - Yugoslav Colloquium on radiation protection; International intercomparison experiment on nuclear accident dosimetry, and the International Summer Schools and Symposium on Radiation Protection organized in Yugoslavia. Some comments on the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents are given as well. Bioindicators of low dose and dose intensity exposure are cited as one of the main problems that have to be resolved in radiation protection in the near future. Finally, as one of the main problems that, according to the author's opinion, physicists have to resolve in this field in the near future would be development of the operational dosimeter for high energy neutrons.