bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Indicators of Hepatotoxicity in Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients Undergoing Arsenic Trioxide Treatment
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Shunji , Zhang Fan , Zhang Qian , Wei Hong , Xiu Ruolin , Zhao Yanhong , Sui Meijuan
Published: April 2023

Arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced hepatotoxicity is often observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients and decreases therapeutic effect of ATO. Thus, concerns over hepatotoxicity have been raised. The aim of this study was to explore some noninvasive clinical indicators that can be used to guide the individualized application of ATO in the future. APL patients treated with ATO were identified retrospectively via electronic health records at our hospital from August 2014 through August 2019. APL patients without hepatotoxicity were selected as controls. The association between putative risk factors and ATO-induced hepatotoxicity was estimated with ORs and 95% CIs, which were calculated using the chi-square test. The subsequent multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. In total, 58.04% of patients experienced ATO-induced hepatotoxicity during the first week. Elevated hemoglobin (OR 8.653, 95% CI, 1.339–55.921), administration of nonprophylactic hepatoprotective agents (OR 36.455, 95% CI, 7.409–179.364), non-single-agent ATO to combat leukocytosis (OR 20.108, 95% CI, 1.357–297.893) and decreased fibrinogen (OR 3.496, 95% CI, 1.127–10.846) were found to be statistically significant risk factors for ATO-induced hepatotoxicity. The area under the ROC curve values were 0.846 for “overall ATO-induced hepatotoxicity” and 0.819 for “early ATO-induced hepatotoxicity.” The results revealed that hemoglobin ≥ 80 g/L, nonprophylactic hepatoprotective agents, and non-single-agent ATO and fibrinogen < 1 g/L are risk factors for ATO-induced hepatotoxicity in newly diagnosed APL patients. These findings can enhance the clinical diagnosis of hepatotoxicity. Prospective studies should be performed in the future to validate these findings.
Potential of ultrasonics for energy saving in the household washing process
Authors: Kimmel Tobias , Kunkel Christian , Ait Sghir Maryam , Kessler Arnd
Published: April 2023

In the past few years, small household devices have appeared on the market for ultrasonic cleaning of textiles. In this study, the focus is on devices that can be immersed in a water tub for cleaning textiles by ultrasonics. These new devices were tested to see if they presented an opportunity to save electrical energy. Cleanliness levels were judged by comparison to conventional programs in household washing machines. The two devices tested demonstrated a higher effect than soaking without ultrasonics but a lower effect than any wash program. To get a better overview of what ultrasonics were capable of, additional experiments were conducted, i.e., in an ultrasonic bath for cleaning metal parts. It had a higher ultrasonic intensity and showed that there was still potential to get a higher cleaning effect for textiles at a low energy consumption level. It is concluded that, as far as household washing is concerned, ultrasonic treatments provide opportunities for the reduction of energy demand in low-temperature washing programs with a small textile load.
The (Co)Evolution of Language and Music Under Human Self-Domestication
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Nikolsky Aleksey
Published: April 2023

Together with language, music is perhaps the most distinctive behavioral trait of the human species. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain why only humans perform music and how this ability might have evolved in our species. In this paper, we advance a new model of music evolution that builds on the self-domestication view of human evolution, according to which the human phenotype is, at least in part, the outcome of a process similar to domestication in other mammals, triggered by the reduction in reactive aggression responses to environmental changes. We specifically argue that self-domestication can account for some of the cognitive changes, and particularly for the behaviors conducive to the complexification of music through a cultural mechanism. We hypothesize four stages in the evolution of music under self-domestication forces: (1) collective protomusic; (2) private, timbre-oriented music; (3) small-group, pitch-oriented music; and (4) collective, tonally organized music. This line of development encompasses the worldwide diversity of music types and genres and parallels what has been hypothesized for languages. Overall, music diversity might have emerged in a gradual fashion under the effects of the enhanced cultural niche construction as shaped by the progressive decrease in reactive (i.e., impulsive, triggered by fear or anger) aggression and the increase in proactive (i.e., premeditated, goal-directed) aggression.
Miocene Wood Assemblage from the Saurashtra Basin, Gujarat and Its Climatic Significance
Authors: Shukla Anumeha , Chandra Kajal , Shukla Samiksha , Mehrotra R.C.
Published: April 2023

The plant fossil record of Bhavnagar is poorly documented despite its importance in understanding the evolution of Asian monsoonal ecosystems through time. Three genera of the families Fabaceae and Combretaceae are described from the Gaj Formation of Saurashtra Basin, Gujarat. The sediments of this formation are exposed around Lakhanka-Mithi Virdi villages in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat and considered of early to middle Miocene in age. This is the first plant fossil record from the region of this age. The described fossil woods i.e. Hopeoxylon speciosum (Navale) Awasthi, Millettioxylon palaeopulchra Lakhanpal et al., and Terminalia tomentosa Wight and Arn. are found similar to the modern genera Sindora Miq., Millettia Wight & Arn (Fabaceae) and Terminalia L. (Combretaceae), respectively. The present distribution of modern comparable forms of the fossil taxa suggests existence of tropical to subtropical forests and warm and humid climatic conditions in the region during the Miocene in contrast to the sub-humid to dry climate seen today.
Chemical Speciation and Leaching of Trace Metals in Groundwater from the Depleted Landfills, India
Authors: Srivastava Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2023

The poor groundwater quality through the leaching of contaminants from depleted landfill is a concern to the scientific community. Therefore, the role of landfills on groundwater quality cannot be neglected in an urban area. The factors influencing the leaching of trace metals in groundwater are soil profile, geochemical and environmental condition of disposed of refuse materials, groundwater-table depth, and climatic factors. This research work delineates landfill role in contaminating groundwater through the chemical speciation of trace metals.

Analyzed groundwater quality data indicate most of the samples were classified under Ca2+-Na+ type cation and Cl- type of anion hydrogeochemical facies. The investigations of the mineral equilibrium indicate equilibrium with silicate minerals, which favors kaolinite formation. Saturation index indicates that hematite, goethite, chrysotile, dolomite, ferric-hydroxide, hydro-xyapatite, jarosite-K, cerussite, vivianite, and willemite are reactive minerals in the aquifer water and control their hydrogeochemistry. The study of chemical speciation of trace metals indicates the high possibility of oxidation-reduction, ion-exchange, and chemical-weathering reaction mechanism, which causes the release of trace metal ions and further contaminated aquifer water through leaching. It also justifies through study of contaminant movement in vertical profile of the soil.

The chemical speciation of trace metals indicates a reducing atmosphere in the aquifer due to the dominance of Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions in aquifer water. Mn2+ and Zn2+ concentration decreases with depth, while Fe2+ and Pb2+ ion concentration low in the middle layer of the aquifer indicate the contribution through anthropogenic input since it is not available in geology of study area.
Landslide Susceptibility Zonation along National Highway 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, North Western Himalaya
Authors: Nanda Aadil M. , ul Hassan Zahoor , Ahmed Pervez , Kanth T. A.
Published: April 2023

The National Highway 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil is known as one of the most landslide susceptible areas in Kashmir and Ladakh divisions. The present study aims to delineate landslide susceptibility zones along National Highway 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, northwestern (NH) Himalaya. Based on landslide influencing geo-environmental factors such as slope angle, land use/land cover, distance to faults, precipitation, soil, slope aspect, lithology, altitude, distance to streams, and distance to road, a detailed landslide susceptible map is prepared. A weighted pairwise comparison matrix is generated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The geo-environmental factors and their derived weights through AHP were then overlaid using the index overlay module in ArcGIS 10.2 supplemented by MS Excel and MATLAB. The relationships between the conditional and trigger factors was carried out by analyzing landslide events. The results show that the area of 913.55 km2 is covered by high and very high landslide susceptibility zones constituting 55% along NH 1D from Sonmarg to Kargil. These are the most tortuous and rugged zones with high occurrence and impact of landslides. The study also identified and mapped a total of 317 landslides along National Highway 1D through rigorous multiple field surveys and secondary sources. There is a frequent incidence of traffic disruptions along the road. Thus there is an urgent need to mitigate the landslide hazard particularly to avert the disruption from Sonamarg to Kargil road, which causes huge inconvenience in terms of human and economic losses.
Characterization of groundwater aquifers using hydrogeophysical and hydrogeochemical methods in the eastern Nile River area, Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Mohammed Musaab A. A. , Szabó Norbert P. , Szűcs Péter
Published: April 2023

The primary goals of this research are to detect the spatial variation of the hydrogeological characteristics and evaluate the groundwater quality in the eastern Nile River, Khartoum state, Sudan, using geophysical and hydrochemical methods. Thirteen Vertical electrical soundings (VES), using Schlumberger configuration, were measured along three profiles to characterize the groundwater aquifer. VES findings denoted that the study area comprises two hydraulically connected aquifers. The upper aquifer of sand has an average thickness of 50 m, and the lower aquifer is composed of sandstone of a thickness of up to 300 m. The results of VES inversion were further used to measure aquifer characteristics, including transverse resistance, longitudinal conductance, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity. The detected average values of these parameters were 6690 Ωm2, 1.4 Ω−1, 264 m2/d and 4 m/day, respectively. In addition, regression analysis was performed to suggest local relationships for estimating aquifer characteristics within the study area. On the other hand, total longitudinal conductance was used to predict the protective strength of the hydrogeological columns, ranging from 1.7 to 5.8 Ω−1; as a result, the protective capacity of the aquifer ranged from good to very good, suggesting potable water quality. This result was subsequently confirmed by the groundwater quality index (GWQI) model. Eleven physiochemical parameters analyzed for nine boreholes were used in GWQI estimation to assess groundwater quality in the study area. The primary analysis of the hydrochemical parameters indicated that almost all parameters are below permissible limits prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The computed GWQI varies between 34.8 and 148, and the majority of groundwater samples, precisely 55.5%, are good water types, while 22.2% of the samples are in an excellent quality state. This research concluded that the groundwater aquifer in the study area is ideal for groundwater exploitation. However, applying a detailed geophysical and hydrochemical survey is recommended to reduce the uncertainty of the resulting models.
Building for the Future: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Measures of Physical Performance in Youth Athletes
Authors: Bright Thomas E. , Handford Matthew J. , Mundy Peter , Lake Jason , Theis Nicola , Hughes Jonathan D.
Published: April 2023

Background

Eccentric resistance training is recognised as an effective stimulus for enhancing measures of muscular strength and power in adult populations; however, its value in youth athletes is currently not well understood.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance (i.e. muscular strength, jump, sprint and change of direction) in youth athletes 18 years of age and under.

Methods

Original journal articles published between 1950 and June 2022 were retrieved from electronic search engines of PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar’s advanced search option. Full journal articles investigating the acute and chronic effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance in youth athletes (i.e. a person 18 years of age or under who competes in sport) were included. The methodological quality and bias of each study were assessed prior to data extraction using a modified Downs and Black checklist.

Results

The search yielded 749 studies, of which 436 were duplicates. Three-hundred studies were excluded based upon title and abstract review and a further 5 studies were removed following the modified Downs and Black checklist. An additional 14 studies were identified during backward screening. Accordingly, 22 studies were included in our systematic review. The Nordic hamstring exercise and flywheel inertial training were the most frequently used eccentric resistance training methods in youth athletes. Improvements in physical performance following the Nordic hamstring exercise are dependent upon an increase in the breakpoint angle, rather than training volume (sets and repetitions), and are further elevated with the addition of hip extension exercises or high-speed running. A minimum of 3 familiarisation trials is necessary to elicit meaningful adaptations following flywheel inertial training. Furthermore, an emphasis should be placed upon decelerating the rotating flywheel during the final one to two thirds of the eccentric phase, rather than gradually throughout the entire eccentric phase.

Conclusions

The findings of this systematic review support the inclusion of eccentric resistance training in youth athletes to improve measures of muscular strength, jump, sprint and change of direction performance. The current eccentric resistance training methods are predominantly limited to the Nordic hamstring exercise and flywheel inertial training; however, the efficacy of accentuated eccentric loading to improve jump performance warrants attention in future investigations.
Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk?
Authors: Barton Diane P. , Fahey Hannah , Jenkins David J. , Shamsi Shokoofeh
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review

Consumption of wild game meat is traditionally associated with rural, remote and poor areas around the world, but there has been a recent rise in the consumption of wild game meat in urban and higher socio-economic regions such as Australia. Along with its unique animal fauna, Australia has a wide diversity of feral animals, many of which are hunted for food, although little is known about the levels of consumption of this meat across Australia. Corresponding with this is the lack of information on the parasites within these animals, particularly those of potential zoonotic concern through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and organs. This review aimed to determine the level of knowledge of parasites of feral animals regularly consumed in Australia.

Recent Findings

Online databases were searched for publications on feral animals and their parasites. For the purpose of this review, only protozoal and helminth parasites that infest the muscle and organ systems and are infective to humans upon ingestion were considered as potential zoonotic parasites. A total of 5 records were found based on host and 27 based on parasite, showing a lack of information available.

Little information was available on the parasites of the major groups of feral animals hunted in Australia for food (pigs, deer, rabbits and hares, and goats) as well as on the parasites themselves, except for sparganosis caused by the cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei which has been widely reported in feral pigs. Sparganosis appears to be an underreported disease in Australia, with only 8 confirmed cases, highlighting the need for education of medical practitioners, especially in rural and remote areas, on the diagnosis of this infection.
Electron Beam Welding of Hot-Rolled Fe–Mn–Al–Ni Shape Memory Alloy Sheets
Authors: Bauer A. , Wiegand M. , Wicke P. , Sommer N. , Vollmer M. , Böhm S. , Niendorf T.
Published: April 2023

The present study focuses on the weldability of hot-rolled Fe–Mn–Al–Ni shape memory alloy sheets by vacuum electron beam welding. Tailored process-specific welding parameters, such as preheating with electron beam or beam oscillation during welding, allowed defect-free joining with very thin weld seams and heat-affected zones. By applying a post-weld cyclic heat treatment, abnormal grain growth can be promoted across the weld seams. However, regardless of the selected welding parameters, some specimens are characterized by the formation of smaller grains within the former fusion zone. In situ incremental strain tests reveal that the former fusion zone has only a minor influence on the functional properties and is not responsible for structural failure. Thus, electron beam welding is a promising welding technology for joining Fe–Mn–Al–Ni shape memory alloys.
Effects of land use land cover change on streamflow of Akaki catchment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Ephrem Derso , Asfaw Wegayehu , Walsh Claire L. , Mengistie Getahun Kebede , Haile Alemseged Tamiru
Published: April 2023

Evaluation of the hydrological impact of urbanization-induced land use land cover (LULC) changes for medium to large catchments is still an important research topic due to the lack of evidence to conclude about how local changes translate to impacts across scales. This study aims to provide evidence on the effects of LULC change on the streamflow of the Akaki catchment that hosts Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Since the comparative performance of classification algorithms is poorly understood, we compared the performance of one parametric and five non-parametric machine learning methods for LULC mapping using Landsat imageries. To investigate the effect of LULC changes on streamflow, a semi-distributed HEC-HMS model was calibrated and validated using daily discharge data at multiple sites. Findings of this study showed that: (i) the accuracy of classification and regression tree (CART) was superior to the other classifiers, (ii) from 1990 to 2020, urban and forest cover increased at the expense of agricultural and bare land, (iii) the performance of the HEC-HMS model was acceptable at all stations during both the calibration and validation periods, and (iv) the mean annual and main rainy seasonal streamflow of the catchment experienced significant increases due to LULC change but the simulated streamflow changes highly varied with the type of LULC classifier. This study contributes to the limited evidence on how catchments, with rapidly developing cities are prone to hydrological regime changes that need to be recognized, understood and quantified, and incorporated into urban planning and development.
Kompetenzerhalt für Nicht-Routine-Situationen an hochautomatisierten Arbeitsplätzen der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Produktion
Authors: Conein Stephanie , Felkl Thomas
Published: April 2023

Mit fortschreitender Digitalisierung wurden zahlreiche Studien zur Identifizierung neuer Kompetenzanforderungen durchgeführt. Nur wenige jedoch beschäftigten sich mit bestehenden Kompetenzanforderungen, die vor allem in Nicht-Routine-Situationen (NRS) weiterhin aktuell sind. In NRS müssen Fachkräfte eine Fülle von Kenntnissen und Fähigkeiten ad hoc mobilisieren, um schnell und kompetent Entscheidungen zu treffen. Diese Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten werden jedoch aufgrund der Automatisierung im Routinefall nur noch selten benötigt und sind daher in Gefahr, vergessen zu werden. Die Problematik wurde bereits in Hochrisikobranchen mit hohem Automatisierungsgrad erforscht, für die chemische oder pharmazeutische Produktion gibt es jedoch bisher keine empirischen Untersuchungen. Das vorliegende Forschungsprojekt möchte diese Lücke schließen.

Praktische Relevanz: Wenn in Nicht-Routine-Situationen (NRS) der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Produktion nicht kompetent gehandelt wird, so kann dies zu (teilweise hohen) Kosten oder auch zur Gefährdung von Personen führen. Durch das vermehrte Arbeiten in automatisierten Arbeitsumgebungen steigt die Gefahr des Verlustes eben jener Kompetenzen, die in den NRS relevant sind. Diese Problematik genau zu erfassen (welche Kompetenzen sind betroffen etc.) und die möglichen Einflussfaktoren (Art der Arbeitsaufgabe, individuelle Dispositionen der Fachkräfte etc.) zu erkennen, ist Grundlage dafür, mögliche Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung des Kompetenzverlustes zu planen und zu implementieren.
The Impact of Job Similarity Along the Career Path on the Firm’s Promotion Strategy
Authors: Infuehr Jakob , Kronenberger Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Firms use job promotions to incentivize hard work from low-level employees and to sort employees according to their skills. Since these two functions are often in conflict, a firm’s promotion strategy tries to balance them. Our model extends prior research by identifying job similarity between current and future job as a driver of a firm’s promotion strategy. When compensation costs are high or external hiring options poor, then higher job similarity leads to fewer internal promotions. Otherwise, higher job similarity can lead to more internal promotions. These results help to explain why firms with different structures or from different industries apply different promotion strategies.
Inflation and Valuation Practice: German Evidence
Authors: Schüler Andreas , Wünsche Sebastian
Published: April 2023

The objective of our paper is to analyze, how valuation practice deals with inflation especially for the terminal value, and how company value is influenced by assumptions set by practitioners. For that reason, we examine how vulnerable companies could be regarding struggles to pass on inflationary effects to their customers. We analyze the inflation rates assumed for the steady-state (terminal value) by comparing them to different estimators for the inflation rate expected at the valuation date (Survey of Professional Forecasters, inflation rates derived by comparing real and nominal rate of returns, inflation swaps). We quantify the implications of using different inflation rates for future cash flow development, terminal value and the company value at the valuation date, and compare nominal reported values with company values in a (hypothetical) world without inflation. Our sample consists of 263 valuation reports written by German auditors with valuation dates between 2000 to 2021. Most of the reports aim at determining the price per share to compensate minority shareholders during a squeeze-out. Our results question inter alia the preference for a constant company specific inflation rate of around 1% on average, and we quantify a number of value effects.
Vulnerable Women: Negotiations Among Migrant Women in the Aftermath of the Ukraine War
Authors: Boman Björn
Published: April 2023

Women, in the past and to different extents in the present, have typically constituted a vulnerable although heterogenous social group. After the foundation of a “new” sovereign post-Soviet Union Ukraine in 1991, large numbers of women in poverty were exposed to human trafficking, prostitution, and labor. Since Russia’s war in Ukraine in 2014, many internally displaced persons and migrants have left their places of sojourn for other cities in Ukraine or to go overseas. This situation is exacerbated after Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. The current situation constitutes a double-edged sword: on the one hand opportunities to seek more profitable work environments in wealthier cities and countries, but on the other hand a risk of being exploited. Others want to leave but cannot not due to constraining factors such as financial difficulties. With the aid of proculturation theory,N = 5 Ukrainian women were interviewed. Their discourses highlight a negotiation between the Ukrainian and the European in regard to familiar/unfamiliar spheres.
Exploring the Burden of Cancer in Pakistan: An Analysis of 2019 Data
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Wu Changxin
Published: April 2023

Cancer has become a growing burden in Pakistan in recent times, posing a significant cause for concern. The World Health Organization has reported a steady increase in the incidence of cancer in Pakistan. According to the present study, breast cancer (24.1%), oral cavity (9.6%), colorectum (4.9%), esophagus (4.2%), and liver cancer (3.9%) were the five most prevalent cancers. Males were more likely to have oral cavity cancer (14.9%), colorectum cancer (6.8%), liver cancer (6.4%), prostate cancer (6.0%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In women (41.6%), breast (6.9%), oral cavity (5.5%), cervix (4.7%), and uterus cancer (4.1%) were the most common cancers. Middle-aged people (43.0%) were most likely to develop cancer, followed by seniors (30.0%) and adults (20.0%). Children and adolescents were most likely to develop cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), leukemia (18.7%), and Hodgkin (17.3%), followed by breast, oral cavity, colorectum, and prostate at other ages. Most patients were from Punjab (40.4%) and Sindh (32.2%). Approximately 30.0% of patients were diagnosed at stage III and stage IV. In terms of registered cases, breast cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and liver cancer are among the highest. In the future, this information may prove useful for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
Recent Advances in Assembly of Complex Plant Genomes
Authors: Kong Weilong , Wang Yibin , Zhang Shengcheng , Yu Jiaxin , Zhang Xingtan
Published: April 2023

Over the past 20 years, tremendous advances in sequencing technologies and computational algorithms have spurred plant genomic research into a thriving era with hundreds of genomes decoded already, ranging from those of nonvascular plants to those of flowering plants. However, complex plant genome assembly is still challenging and remains difficult to fully resolve with conventional sequencing and assembly methods due to high heterozygosity, highly repetitive sequences, or high ploidy characteristics of complex genomes. Herein, we summarize the challenges of and advances in complex plant genome assembly, including feasible experimental strategies, upgrades to sequencing technology, existing assembly methods, and different phasing algorithms. Moreover, we list actual cases of complex genome projects for readers to refer to and draw upon to solve future problems related to complex genomes. Finally, we expect that the accurate, gapless, telomere-to-telomere, and fully phased assembly of complex plant genomes could soon become routine.
Penny Ur's 77 Tips for Teaching Vocabulary
Authors: Ur Penny
Published: April 2023

This concise, but comprehensive book draws on Penny Ur's extensive teaching experience as well as insights from research in applied linguistics. It explores a wide range of topics including introducing new vocabulary, reviewing and practising new words and expressions, and ways of expanding and enriching learner vocabulary. The author also provides practical classroom illustrations and ideas for implementation, helping teachers to ensure more effective learning. Penny Ur's 77 Tips for Teaching Vocabulary is an essential reference for teachers of all levels of experience.
New Religious Movements and Science
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano
Published: April 2023

This Element shows how New Religious Movements variously conceptualize science and provides readers with an overview of the scholarly conversation surrounding this phenomenon. The first section describes five movements that, in different ways, include relevant references to science in their doctrines: Dianetics/Scientology, the Raëlian Movement, Falun Gong, Stella Azzurra (an Italian Santo Daime group), and Bambini di Satana (an Italian Satanist group). The conceptualization of science within such movements is examined in reference to official beliefs conveyed by the writings and claims of their respective leaders, but ethnographic work among affiliates is included as well. The second section reconstructs academic contributions by scholars who identify notable trends in the conceptualization of science within new religious movements, or have developed typologies to describe that very understanding. The third section concludes the discussion of new religious movements and science by offering suggestions regarding novel directions that the study of their relationship may take.
Romanticism and the Biopolitics of Modern War Writing
Authors: Ramsey Neil
Published: April 2023

Military literature was one of the most prevalent forms of writing to appear during the Romantic era, yet its genesis in this period is often overlooked. Ranging from histories to military policy, manuals, and a new kind of imaginative war literature in military memoirs and novels, modern war writing became a highly influential body of professional writing. Drawing on recent research into the entanglements of Romanticism with its wartime trauma and revisiting Michel Foucault's ground-breaking work on military discipline and the biopolitics of modern war, this book argues that military literature was deeply reliant upon Romantic cultural and literary thought and the era's preoccupations with the body, life, and writing. Simultaneously, it shows how military literature runs parallel to other strands of Romantic writing, forming a sombre shadow against which Romanticism took shape and offering its own exhortations for how to manage the life and vitality of the nation.
Collecting “Remembrances of these Isles”: Tracing the Post-1880 History of a Taíno Cotton Cemí in the Dominican Republic and Italy
Authors: Ostapkowicz Joanna , Pennacini Cecilia
Published: April 2023

This article charts the collection history of the only surviving precolumbian cotton reliquary (cemí) from the Dominican Republic, establishing its provenance from the mid-nineteenth century through a previously unpublished manuscript written by the collector, Rodolfo Domingo Cambiaso Sosa, and using archival documents in Italy. The cemí, found in a cave in the southwest of the country near the town of Petitrou (Enriquillo), was purchased in 1882 by Admiral Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Cambiaso, one of the founders of the Dominican Navy. It emerged in international publications commemorating the quadricentennial of the Spanish–Indigenous encounter in 1892 and shortly thereafter was sent to Genoa, Italy. It entered the collections of Turin's Royal Museum of Antiquities in 1928 before being passed to the newly established Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. It was rediscovered by Dominican scholars in the 1970s and has inspired numerous investigations since, including renewed collaborative links between the Dominican Republic and Italy.
Between an Unreachable Future and an Irretrievable Past
Authors: Pérez Louis A.
Published: April 2023

Los cubanos de la isla han construido un futuro nunca alcanzado y los cubanos del exilio se encuentran ante la posibilidad de regresar a una ciudad muy diferente a la que ha perdurado en su memoria.

—Iván de la Nuez, La balsa perpetua: Soledad y conexiones de la cultura cubana —Barcelona, 1998
JARNÍK TYPE THEOREMS ON MANIFOLDS
Authors: HUSSAIN MUMTAZ , SCHLEISCHITZ JOHANNES
Published: April 2023

Let
$\psi $
be a decreasing function. We prove zero-infinity Hausdorff measure criteria for the set of dual
$\psi $
-approximable points and for the set of inhomogeneous multiplicative
$\psi $
-approximable points on nondegenerate planar curves. Our results extend theorems of Huang [‘Hausdorff theory of dual approximation on planar curves’, J. reine angew. Math.740 (2018), 63–76] and Beresnevich and Velani [‘A note on three problems in metric Diophantine approximation’, in: Recent Trends in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, Contemporary Mathematics, 631 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2015), 211–229] from s-Hausdorff measure, where
$s\in \mathbb R$
, to the more general g-Hausdorff measure, where g is a suitable class of dimension functions.
Christianity in the Propaganda of ZANU and ZAPU, 1965–1980
Authors: PATTENDEN HUGH
Published: April 2023

This article looks at how ZANU and ZAPU, the two main Zimbabwean nationalist groups in UDI-era Rhodesia, sought to present and engage with Christianity in their propaganda. Given that the Rhodesians cast themselves as defenders of ‘Christian civilisation’, it was inevitable that the media war would touch heavily upon ecclesiastical issues. It is contended here that the nationalists developed a powerful argument: that the Rhodesian government and the Churches of southern Africa were falling far short of the ideals of Christianity. This message then in turn served as an important part of their critique of the white minority regime.
Comparing LiDAR and IMU-based SLAM approaches for 3D robotic mapping
Authors: Tiozzo Fasiolo Diego , Scalera Lorenzo , Maset Eleonora
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a comparison of open-source LiDAR and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approaches for 3D robotic mapping. The analyzed algorithms are often exploited in mobile robotics for autonomous navigation but have not been evaluated in terms of 3D reconstruction yet. Experimental tests are carried out using two different autonomous mobile platforms in three test cases, comprising both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The 3D models obtained with the different SLAM algorithms are then compared in terms of density, accuracy, and noise of the point clouds to analyze the performance of the evaluated approaches. The experimental results indicate the SLAM methods that are more suitable for 3D mapping in terms of the quality of the reconstruction and highlight the feasibility of mobile robotics in the field of autonomous mapping.
The Myth of “Just” Nuclear Deterrence: Time for a New Strategy to Protect Humanity from Existential Nuclear Risk
Authors: Rohlfing Joan
Published: April 2023

Nuclear weapons are different from every other type of weapons technology. Their awesome destructive potential and the unparalleled consequences of their use oblige us to think critically about the ethics of nuclear possession, planning, and use. Joe Nye has given the ethics of nuclear weapons deep consideration. He posits that we have a basic moral obligation to future generations to preserve roughly equal access to important values, including equal chances of survival, and proposes criteria for achieving conditional or “just deterrence” to minimize the risk of nuclear use and help preserve these values. While Nye's conditions are laudable, they are not achievable. They rely on flawed assumptions about the nature of nuclear weapons and the inherent risks of the nuclear deterrence system. Since the Cold War ended, the strategy and practice of nuclear deterrence has grown riskier, more urgent, more dangerous, and less stable. It is time to rethink how we manage nuclear risks. A new nuclear security system must be built on the design principle that the consequences of system failure cannot threaten to end or fundamentally disrupt civilization. We owe the future a new nuclear security strategy that can prevent an existential global nuclear event.
Ramsey upper density of infinite graphs
Authors: Lamaison Ander
Published: April 2023

For a fixed infinite graph$H$, we study the largest density of a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to$H$that can be found in every two-colouring of the edges of$K_{\mathbb{N}}$. This is called the Ramsey upper density of$H$and was introduced by Erdős and Galvin in a restricted setting, and by DeBiasio and McKenney in general. Recently [4], the Ramsey upper density of the infinite path was determined. Here, we find the value of this density for all locally finite graphs$H$up to a factor of 2, answering a question of DeBiasio and McKenney. We also find the exact density for a wide class of bipartite graphs, including all locally finite forests. Our approach relates this problem to the solution of an optimisation problem for continuous functions. We show that, under certain conditions, the density depends only on the chromatic number of$H$, the number of components of$H$and the expansion ratio$|N(I)|/|I|$of the independent sets of$H$.
A teenager with adenoviral myocarditis mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Aydin Aybike , Ali Farwa , Khariton Megan , Spencer Robert
Published: April 2023

A 14-year-old previously healthy female presented with chest pain and dyspnoea for 2 days in the setting of a recent upper respiratory infection. She had elevated inflammatory markers and troponin, resulting in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated mild systolic dysfunction and a moderate pericardial effusion. Additionally, her echocardiogram showed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy raising concern for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Serial echocardiograms revealed rapid resolution of her ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the diagnosis of myocarditis.
Multivariate analysis and selection indices to identify superior cultivars and influential yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Talekar Sidramappa Channappa , Viswanatha Kannalli Paramashivaiah , Lohithaswa Hirenallur Chandappa , Rathod Santhosh
Published: April 2023

Genetic diversity is essential for the development of more efficient plant types. In the present study, 529 chickpea accessions were evaluated for their agronomic performance, genetic divergence and identification of promising accessions through the use of a simple lattice design. These accessions varied widely in all agronomic traits. The first three principal components (PCs) explained 78.35% variation. The PC1 and PC2 explained 38.05 and 24.30% of total variations. Three traits namely, branches per plant, pods per plant and seed yield per plant contributed to maximum variation. The hierarchical clustering analysis carried out on PCs grouped the accessions into eight clusters. Among 127 selection indices formulated, higher relative efficiency (422.52%) coupled with high genetic advance (34.31%) was exhibited by the combination involving six characters. Based on the index score of greater than 100, 15 genotypes were promising for improving the grain yield. The results of both PC analysis (PCA) and selection indices suggested that branches per plant, pods per plant and 100-seed test weight traits have to be considered for any genetic yield gains. Both the techniques (PCA and selection indices) identified three genotypes (GAG 0733, IC 268988 and IC 269031) as the best performers, suggesting that the two techniques are equally efficient in the identification of superior germplasm that can be used in chickpea hybridization programmes for yield improvement.
Multivariate Drought Monitoring, Propagation, and Projection Using Bias‐Corrected General Circulation Models
Authors: Adeyeri Oluwafemi E. , Zhou Wen , Laux Patrick , Ndehedehe Christopher E. , Wang Xuan , Usman Muhammad , Akinsanola Akintomide A.
Published: April 2023

Understanding how droughts are characterized, propagated, and projected, particularly multivariate droughts, is necessary to explain the variability and changes in drought characteristics. This study aims to understand multimodel global drought monitoring, propagation, and projection by utilizing a multivariate standardized drought index (MSDI) during the historical (1959–2014) and future (2045–2100) periods under two socioeconomic pathways SSPs (370 and 585), derived from the bias‐corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Based on the energy metrics, the multivariate bias correction method outperformed other techniques in correcting the biases in the CMIP6 drought representation. The drought indicators demonstrate distinct categories for meteorological, hydrological, and multivariate droughts. There were significant high cross correlations between Heatwave Total Length (HWTL) and MSDI in Africa and South America for all lagged times. Europe and North America generally saw the maximum MSDI drought duration (228 months) during the historical period. For future projections, Africa recorded the maximum drought duration (197 months), while Europe witnessed the minimum drought duration for SSP 370 (171 months), and North America (149 months) for SSP 585. Furthermore, during the historical period in tropical Africa, the propagation of meteorological to hydrological drought was slower during the wet months than during the dry months. Under the SSP 370 future projection, there was a shift in the long period of meteorological‐hydrological propagation from the middle and late wet months to the beginning of the wet months in tropical Africa. Therefore, tracking and projecting drought characteristics is vital for understanding the risk of drought‐related consequences.
Tracking the Provenance of Aeolian Loess in Northeastern China by Uranium Isotopes
Authors: Li Le , Li Gen K. , Li Tao , Yi Shuangwen , Lu Huayu , Hedding David William , Chen Jun , Li Gaojun
Published: April 2023

The aeolian loess deposits in northeastern China have substantial potential for reconstructing the paleoclimate in the East Asian monsoon boundary zone. Identifying the source of the aeolian dust is crucial to interpret the paleo‐proxies recorded in the loess deposits in northeastern China; however, traditional geochemical tracers such as Nd and Sr isotopes cannot discriminate between the potential source areas, that is, the Otindag Sandy Land, Horqin Sandy Land, and Hulun Buir Sandy Land regions. In this study, the (234U/238U) activity ratio is used to constrain the provenance of the loess deposits in northeastern China. The (234U/238U) of the studied loess‐paleosol sequences (from 0.935 to 0.910) decreases with increasing depositional age (from 10 to ∼1,000 ka), which is consistent with predictions from uranium isotope comminution age model. A derived (234U/238U) of 0.935 ± 0.003 for the newly deposited loess (zero depositional age) is most similar to that of the Otindag Sandy Land positioned at a proximal upwind direction, suggesting that the Otindag Sandy Land is the most likely source of the aeolian dust that formed the loess deposits in northeastern China. A transportation time of 432 ± 65 ka was calculated for these deposits, indicating extensive mixing of the fine dust in the source regions, which could partially explain the relative homogeneity of loess deposits in northeastern China. The transportation time longer than several glacial‐interglacial cycles suggests that reconstructions of regional paleoclimate on orbital timescales should be viewed with caution because the potential influence of climatic changes could largely be buffered.
Spatial Changes in Gas Transport and Sediment Stiffness Influenced by Regional Stress: Observations From Piezometer Data Along Vestnesa Ridge, Eastern Fram Strait
Authors: Plaza‐Faverola A. , Sultan N. , Lucchi R. G. , El bani Altuna N. , Ramachandran H. , Singhroha S. , Cooke F. , Vadakkepuliyambatta S. , Ezat M. M. , Rasmussen T. L.
Published: April 2023

Gas transport through sediments to the seabed and seepage occurs via advection through pores, faults, and fractures, and as solubility driven gas diffusion. The pore pressure gradient is a key factor in these processes. Yet, in situ measurements for quantitative studies of fluid dynamics and sediment deformation in deep ocean environments remain scarce. In this study, we integrate piezometer data, geotechnical tests, and sediment core analyses to study the pressure regime that controls gas transport along the Vestnesa Ridge in the eastern Fram Strait. The data show a progressive westward decrease in induced pore pressure (i.e., from c. 180 to c. 50 kPa) upon piezometer penetration and undrained shear strength of the sediments, interpreted as a decrease in sediment stiffness. In addition, the data suggest that the upper c. 6 m of sediments may be mechanically damaged due to variations in gas diffusion rates and exsolution. Background pore pressures are mostly at hydrostatic conditions, but localized excess pore pressures (i.e., up to 10 kPa) exist and point toward external controls. When analyzed in conjunction with observations from geophysical data and sediment core analyses, the pore pressure data suggest a spatial change from an advection dominated to a diffusion dominated fluid flow system, influenced by the behavior of sedimentary faults. Understanding gas transport mechanisms and their effect on fine‐grained sediments of deep ocean settings is critical for constraining gas hydrate inventories, seepage phenomena and sub‐seabed sediment deformations and instabilities.
The Inner Structure of STEVE‐Linked SAID
Authors: Mishin Evgeny V. , Streltsov Anatoly V.
Published: April 2023

We found the inner electromagnetic structure of subauroral ion drifts (SAID) in the SAID‐STEVE events documented by the Swarm spacecraft and numerically simulated the ionospheric feedback instability (IFI) development for one of the four similar events. Good quantitative agreement of the modeling results with the observed features shows that the ionospheric feedback mechanism captures their basic underlying physics. Simulations require nonlinear saturation of the IFI‐generated dispersive Alfvén waves. That is, a strong driving field of STEVE‐linked SAID with a deep density trough leads to a nonlinear system of dispersive Alfvén waves coupled with the density perturbation and parallel electric fields. As shown earlier, these fields produce the suprathermal electron population and energy balance necessary for the STEVE and Picket Fence radiation. Therefore, our results predict their inner structure.