bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinan perilaku merokok pada siswa MTSS Alue Bilie Kecamatan Darul Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya
Authors: Andi Rahmad Fajri
Published: January 2022

Background: Smoking behavior is the main cause of adolescent health problems in the world such as upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Adolescent smoking behavior is influenced by knowledge, attitudes, extracurricular activities, cigarette advertisements, the influence of parents and peers.Objective: This study aims to determine the determinants of smoking behavior in MTSS Alue Bilie students, Darul Makmur District, Nagan Raya Regency.Method: The research method uses comprehensive analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population is all class students at MTSS Alue Bilie from grades VII and VIII totaling 40 male students. Sampling using the total population technique. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.Results: Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between knowledge and smoking behavior (ρ=0.001), there was a relationship between attitudes towards smoking behavior (ρ= 0.004, there was a relationship between cigarette advertising and smoking behavior (ρ= 0.003), there was a peer relationship with smoking behavior. (ρ= 0.004), and there is a parental relationship to smoking behavior (ρ= 0.042). The determinant factor that has the greatest relationship to smoking behavior is knowledge with an OR=  13.9.Conclusion: Positive attitudes had a 2.24 times relationship to the participation of pregnant women in hepatitis B screening than negative attitudes.
Hubungan perilaku kepala keluarga dengan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (PSN-DBD)
Authors: Hidayat Fatwa , Siagian Mindo Tua , Sitorus Mido Ester
Published: January 2022

Background: The 3M Plus mosquito nest eradication movement is the most effective activity to prevent the occurrence of dengue disease and to realize environmental hygiene and healthy living behavior. The purpose of the 3M Plus mosquito nest eradication activity is to eradicate the breeding places of the Aedes mosquito through efforts to foster community participation so that dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can be optimally prevented.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the behavior of the head of the family with the implementation of eradicating the mosquito nests of dengue hemorrhagic fever.Method: This type of research uses a descriptive analytic approach with a cross sectional study design with a sampling technique using simple random sampling. The sample in this study were 73 heads of families from a population of 264 families. This research was conducted in March-September 2021. The data was collected by interview using a questionnaire, and supported by observational data. Data processing is carried out in a computerized manner starting with the stages of editing, coding, tabulating. Data analysis was performed bivariate (Chi-square test) and multivariate (Binary Logistics Regression) at 95% CI.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between attitudes (p= 0.000) and the role of community leaders (p= 0.039) with the eradication of dengue mosquito nests. There was no relationship between knowledge (p= 0.767) and the eradication of dengue mosquito nests. The attitude variable is the dominant predictor of its relationship with the implementation of the eradication of dengue mosquito nests in Seunagan District, Nagan Raya Regency (Exp (B) = 7.2).Conclusion: There is a relationship between attitudes and the role of community leaders in eradicating dengue mosquito nests, but knowledge does not show a relationship. The success of eradicating dengue mosquito nests is dominated by the positive attitude of the local community.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ANAK DALAM MENGENAL WARNA MELALUI KEGIATAN FINGER PAINTING DI TK RAHAYU SAMARINDA
Authors: Haryani Wiwik , Meliawati Dita , Muslifar Rury
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan mengenal berbagai warna dengan kegiatan finger painting di Anak Usia Dini. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dilaksanakan pada III siklus 3 kali pertemuan setiap siklus maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa kegiatan finger painting pada siswa di TK Rahayu Samarinda mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal warna melalui kegiatan finger painting. Tahap awal pra siklus berjumlah 35% pada siklus I pertemuan 1, 2, 3 dari hasil observasi anak dengan penilaian  proses 39% dan penilaian hasil 39% pada siklus, siklus ke II pertemuan 1, 2, 3 pada penilaian proses 56% dan penilaian hasil 53%, siklus III  pertemuan 1, 2, 3 penilaian proses 84% dan penilaian hasil 84%.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG 1-20 MELALUI PERMAINAN PUZZLE DI TK TUNAS MUDA KOTA BANGUN
Authors: Sunarno  , Indah Pitriani Gina , Jafar Farny Sutriany
Published: January 2022

Untuk mengetahui peningkatkan kemampuan berhitung 1-20 melalui permainan puzzle di TK Tunas Muda Kota Bangun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Muda Kota Banguan semester 2 tahun 2016/2017. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah anak di TK Tunas Muda Kota Bangun. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran adalah penelitian, Teknik pengumpulan data di lakukan melaui dokumentasi dan lembar observasi. Observasi di lakukan padasaat proses pembelajaran, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus, yaitu siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III, setiap siklusnya sebanyak 2 kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata yaitu 49,65% (Kurang), pada siklus II nilai rata-rata 61,45% (Cukup), pada siklus III niali rata-rata 77,08% (Baik). karean kriteria sudah baik dan nilai yang diperoleh adalah 70% sesuai target sehingga pada siklus III dikatakan berhasil. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berhitung melalui permainan puzzle di TK Tunas Muda mengalami peningkatan.
Stochastisation of microwave oscillations in microstrip log-periodic antenna-generator with LF noise-like modulation.
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Yunevich E.O. , Kalinin V.I. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Kotov V.D. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Lyubchenko V.E. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Marechek S.V. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1, Radchenko D.E. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo 1
Published: January 2022

Microwave solid-state oscillators of noise-like signals are of the great interest for wireless telecommunication systems, imaging systems and electronic warfare. In the paper, the possibility of power combining in the array of three independent noise-like oscillators is investigated. The noise-like oscillators are based on the microstrip log-periodic antennas which are integrated with field-effect transistors. As an active element, NE350184С field-effect transistor with 13.5 dB gain at 12 GHz is chosen. It was previously shown that single-frequency, multifrequency or noise-like generations are possible in the active antennas. The main factors that affect the generation type are the current in the drain-source circuit of the transistor and the distance between the antenna plane and reflecting screen. It is experimentally shown, that using of the noise-like oscillator arrays makes possible the spectrum and power combining, but the construction is not enough stable and reliable.
The interferometric system mathematical model development for the Doppler frequency shift determination.
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Rostov-on-Don Scientific Research Institute of Radio Communication» (FSUE «RNIIRS»), 344038, Rostov-on-Don, Nansena st. 130., Barabolya B.A. , Gabrieljan D.D. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Rostov-on-Don Scientific Research Institute of Radio Communication» (FSUE «RNIIRS»), 344038, Rostov-on-Don, Nansena st. 130., Karavaev S.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Rostov-on-Don Scientific Research Institute of Radio Communication» (FSUE «RNIIRS»), 344038, Rostov-on-Don, Nansena st. 130., Petukhov A.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Rostov-on-Don Scientific Research Institute of Radio Communication» (FSUE «RNIIRS»), 344038, Rostov-on-Don, Nansena st. 130., Prygunov A.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Rostov-on-Don Scientific Research Institute of Radio Communication» (FSUE «RNIIRS»), 344038, Rostov-on-Don, Nansena st. 130.
Published: January 2022

This work presents the result of the received signal measuring system for processing Doppler frequency theoretical research. In the researching device means of controlling laser frequency whose amplitude is proportional to the Doppler frequency shift of the received RF signal is realized. The coherent laser beam is divided in two forming interference pattern. In this case, one of the beams passes through the delay line, which leads to a phase shift in the optical wave. The rate of this phase shift is proportional to the laser frequency, changes in which cause corresponding changes in the interference pattern. Changes in the interference pattern in center analysis makes it possible to determine the changes of the laser frequency, which depends on Doppler frequency shift of the received RF signal. In this work opposition of the requirements for the Doppler frequency shift determination interferometric system parameters (the coefficient of proportionality to conversion Doppler frequency shift of the received RF signal in laser frequency and time delay) is discovered: large dynamic measurement range and high Doppler frequency shift measurement resolution. The processing the received RF signal method is proposed. This method take into consideration these requirements. The proposed measurement algorithm implements the multiscale principle. It is pointed that the proposed processing the measurements results method can be implemented both the parallel processing in channels with different values of conversion coefficients, and sequential – with their iterative change.
Frequent Flyer Cost Estimation
Authors: Zhukov V. E.
Published: January 2022

The marketing activity of a modern airline is quite diverse. Under the conditions of an oligopoly, airlines develop their business in competition for a passenger.

In modern conditions in Russia, the use of dumping methods of the early 1990s is very ineffective. There are no weak airlines left on the long-distance air transportation market, and in regional markets large companies lose to small regional carriers due to the high cost of performing flights on large-capacity aircrafts of the airline’s fleet.

Generally, non-price methods of competition come out on top. Flexible tariff policy, advertising, and high service in servicing passengers remain leading traditional methods of competing for a passenger.

This article is devoted to the study of another marketing method for attracting passengers, or rather retaining passengers on the airline’s flights, which is development of bonus programs, frequent flyer programs. PJSC Russian Airlines (Aeroflot) was chosen as the object for the study. The subject of the research is the «Aeroflot Bonus» program.

The objective of the study is to study the cost of the program. For research purposes, this is the value of the frequent flyer program point. The problem proposed to be solved is to determine the amount of expenses for implementation of the bonus program of frequent flyers. When solving the problem in its staging part, the assessment is not limited to direct costs associated with the costs of marketing efforts in the form of costs for organising a special advertising department, issuing bonus cards, software, and wages. The estimation refers also to indirect costs in the form of unreceived proceeds from free bonus tickets. Besides, a rough estimate has been made of the airline’s hidden costs due to an unpaid seat on the plane. The study conclusions indicate that hidden costs will be taken into account in calculating the cost of a flight and the bonus program has a right to exist.
The European Union, Financial Crises and the Regulation of Hedge Funds: A Policy Cul-de-Sac or Policy Window?
Authors: Lutton David John
Published: January 2022

A series of financial crises involving hedge funds has created a general perception that action needs to be taken. A number of key member states and political actors favour tighter regulation. Traditional bureaucratic theory suggests that the European Commission would seek to maximise this ‘policy window’, and yet there remains no single unified European Union (EU) regulatory framework specifically targeting hedge funds. The nature of the regulatory regime, which has generally demanded a ‘light touch’ approach, means there are strict limits the EU’s ability to act. From an EU perspective, hedge fund regulation appears to be a policy cul-de-sac. However, the relationship between hedge funds and financial crisis is complex and less straightforward than is often portrayed. Hedge fund regulation cannot, however, be considered in isolation but should be viewed in the context of a wider programme to integrate European financial services markets. Viewed from this perspective, EU regulation is in fact changing the landscape of the hedge fund industry through a process of negative integration.
Teaching in a Global World: Challenges and Opportunities for Small-Sized Universities - Insights from Italy
Authors: Zagaglia Barbara
Published: January 2022

Today’s academic institutions are strongly involved in the modern globalization process. The aim of the paper is to investigate if small-sized universities face particular challenges and if they obtain some advantages or are adversely affected by the ongoing process. The focus is on Europe and, specifically, on Italy, one of the signatory countries of the Bologna Declaration, that has implemented the European international reform process. Based on official data from the Italian Ministry of University and Research, first we analyse university characteristics and then we calculate performance selected indicators that are informative of a few key aspects, such as teaching quality and internationalisation and look at student satisfaction. Results show that teaching quality in small-sized public universities is similar to that in big-sized public ones whereas small-sized private universities perform better than big-sized private ones. Attractiveness for students abroad is greater for smaller and more specialized universities, and this is especially evident for private universities. Satisfaction as well is higher for students studying in small-sized universities. However, doubts exist for the future due to the possible negative effects of the very complex and strict administrative procedures of the current organization and evaluation system. Keywords: universities, small-sized, teaching, performance, Europe, Italy
Between Halal and Haram: The Challenges and Adaptation of Halal Dietary Consumption Indonesian Muslim Immigrants in Japan
Authors: Iklima Arina Lintang , Yuliati Yayuk , Chawa Anif Fatma
Published: January 2022

This study examines the challenges and adaptation strategies of Halal food consumption by Indonesian Muslim immigrants in Japan. Since April 2019, Japan’s government decided to accept foreign workers under Specified Skills Visa Program to address the labor shortages in the country. This new policy will encourage more Muslim immigrants from Indonesia to search for higher income in Japan. The growing population of Muslim immigrants in Japan and inbound tourists from Islamic countries has triggered the development of Halal food products in Japan. The research uses a qualitative approach supplemented with semi-structured interviews of Indonesian Muslim Immigrants from various locations in Japan. This study has found that the Indonesian Muslim immigrants face three challenges to maintain their Halal dietary consumption. The different culture of social life has put social pressure on Muslim immigrants to follow the Japanese drinking and hangout habits. The difficulties of accessibility and a lack of variety of Halal food products make it a less appealing choice for busy-scheduled people. There is no legal body that has the authority to give Halal certification. Theory of deviance typology is used to analyze the adaptation strategy formed as the result of these challenges. There are four types of adaptation strategy formed by Indonesia Muslim immigrants: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, and Retreatism.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang tantangan dan strategi adaptasi konsumsi makanan halal oleh imigran Muslim Indonesia di Jepang. Sejak April 2019, pemerintah Jepang memutuskan untuk menerima pekerja asing di bawah Program Visa Keterampilan Khusus untuk mengatasi kekurangan tenaga kerja di Jepang. Kebijakan baru ini akan mendorong lebih banyak imigran Muslim dari Indonesia untuk mencari penghasilan yang lebih tinggi di Jepang. Meningkatnya populasi imigran Muslim di Jepang dan masuknya turis dari negara-negara Islam telah memicu berkembangnya produk makanan Halal di Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap Imigran Muslim Indonesia dari berbagai lokasi di Jepang. Studi ini menemukan bahwa para imigran Muslim Indonesia memiliki tiga tantangan untuk mempertahankan konsumsi makanan halal mereka. Budaya kehidupan sosial yang berbeda telah memberikan tekanan sosial bagi imigran Muslim untuk mengikuti kebiasaan minum alkohol dan cara pergaulan orang Jepang. Kesulitan aksesibilitas dan kurangnya variasi produk makanan halal menjadikannya pilihan yang kurang menarik bagi orang-orang dengan jadwal sibuk. Tidak ada satu pun badan hukum yang berwenang memberikan sertifikasi halal. Teori tipologi penyimpangan digunakan untuk menganalisis strategi adaptasi yang terbentuk akibat tantangan tersebut. Ada empat jenis strategi adaptasi yang dibentuk oleh Imigran Muslim Indonesia: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, and Retreatism.
Religion, Constitution, and Human Rights: An Overview of Muslim Life and Religious Freedom in the United States
Authors: Ramadhan Suci
Published: January 2022

The United States Constitution affirms that religious freedom is a fundamental human right regardless of religion. It is upheld by every citizen and the country. However, the political policies in a particular country are often considered to paralyze fundamental rights in religion, causing various problems in Muslim life at the social and political levels. This research aims to analyze the intersectional dynamic of religion, constitution, and Muslim human rights towards life and religious freedom in the United States. This qualitative research uses the lens of political approach. Primary data are taken from the United States Constitution and policies, and supported by secondary data from various books, scientific articles, and news. The results suggest that religious sentiment (Islam) is found in the political policies of the United States. Currently, unconstitutional and discriminative policies are gradually removed because it triggers the social and political chaos. The United States constitution strives towards a pluralist and multi-religious country rebuilding that is safe and peaceful for religion as guaranteed by the constitution. In fact, the public and political spaces have been occupied by many Muslims in an effort to resolve the problems of state and human rights, including the religious sentiment issues.
HUBUNGAN REGULASI EMOSI DENGAN BULLYING PADA SISWA KELAS XII SMA NEGERI 2 MAKASSAR
Authors: Prasetio Novadri , Daud Muh , Hamid Andi Nasrawati
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBullying is a negative behavior that many students do. This behavior occurs a lot in the school environment carried out by senior students against juniors. The individual's ability to control emotions is low causing behavioral disturbances, so they choose to do bullying behavior. One of the factors that influence bullying behavior is emotion regulation. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional regulation and bullying in class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Makassar. Respondents in this study were 202 students using a simple random sampling technique. This study uses a quantitative approach with data analysis techniques Spearman rank correlation and t-test. The study used a bullying scale and an emotion regulation scale. The results showed there was a significant relationship between emotion regulation and bullying (p=0.001, r=-0.230). Its means that the higher the emotional regulation, the lower the bullying in class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Makassar and there are differences in bullying behavior based on gender. The implication of this research for students is that they need to improve their ability to regulate emotions to avoid bullying or other negative behavior.Keywords: Emotion Regulation, Bullying, Students. ABSTRAKBullying merupakan perilaku negatif yang banyak dilakukan siswa. Perilaku ini banyak terjadi di lingkungan sekolah yang dilakukan oleh siswa senior terhadap junior. Kemampuan individu dalam mengontrol emosi yang rendah menyebabkan gangguan perilaku, sehingga memilih melakukan perilaku bullying. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku bullying yaitu regulasi emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan regulasi emosi dengan bullying pada siswa kelas XII di SMA Negeri 2 Makassar. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 202 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data spearman rank correlation dan t-test. Penelitian menggunakan skala bullying dan skala regulasi emosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara regulasi emosi dengan bullying (p=0,001, r=-0,230). Artinya semakin tinggi regulasi emosi maka semakin rendah bullying pada siswa kelas XII di SMA Negeri 2 Makassar dan terdapat perbedaan perilaku bullying berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Implikasi penelitian ini bagi siswa yaitu perlu lebih meningkatkan kemampuan dalam meregulasi emosi sehingga terhindar dari perilaku bullying atau perilaku negatif lainnya.Kata Kunci: Regulasi Emosi, Bullying, Siswa.
Upaya Meningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Tema “Peduli Terhadap Makhluk Hidup” Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di Kelas IV SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera
Authors: Ramayani Siska
Published: January 2022

This study aims to disclose information and discuss Efforts to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on the Theme of Caring for Living Creatures through Problem Based Learning Models in Class IV SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera. This research is included in the type of classroom action research (CAR). This research was carried out in this research was carried out at SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera. The time of this research was carried out in the odd semester of the academic year 2021 - 2022, which began in October 2021. The subjects in this study were class IV students, totaling 16 people. The research procedure consisted of two cycles with four stages of research starting from planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection in this study was carried out using observation sheets, learning outcomes test sheets, and documents. The data were analyzed using the percentage formula. The results of this study indicate that through use of Problem Based Learning Learning Model on the Theme of Caring for Living Creatures can improve student learning outcomes in grade IV SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera which is marked by an increase from pre-cycle (31%), cycle I (56%), cycle II (94%).
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Melalui Supervisi Klinis di SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera Tanjung Jabung Timur
Authors: Sukanto Sukanto
Published: January 2022

This study aims to disclose information and discuss the Efforts to Improve Teacher Ability in Using Learning Models through Clinical Supervision at SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera Tanjung Jabung Timur. This research is included in the type of school action research (PTS). This research was carried out in this research was carried out at SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera. The time of this research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2021 - 2022 school year, which began in July 2021. The subjects in this study were 8 teachers of SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera. The research procedure consisted of two cycles with four stages of research starting from planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Data collection in this study was carried out using instruments, observations and documents. The data were analyzed using the percentage formula. The results of this study indicate that clinical supervision can improve the ability of teachers in using the learning model of SD Negeri 168/X Pandan Sejahtera which is marked by an increase from pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II.
Early Detection of ARI Disease and First Aid in Children with Fever Seizures at Posyandu Cadres at Kantil Depok, Sleman
Authors: Handayani Sri -
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the problems of death in children in developing countries. ARI is an upper or lower respiratory tract disease, usually contagious, which can cause a wide spectrum of disease that ranges from asymptomatic disease or mild infection to severe and deadly disease.Objective: Yandu cadres can improve knowledge, attitudes and skills in handling ARI and febrile seizures in children, so as to optimize growth and development in children optimally.Methods: socialization and simulation of the handling of ARI and febrile seizures in children through cadres. Cadres were given material about ARI and febrile seizures, followed by interactive activities about the steps taken to overcome/handle ARI and febrile seizures in children. The cadres were divided into three groups and accompanied by one trainer.Results: the cadres stated that they understood, and seemed capable of handling febrile seizures in children.Suggestion: The existence of counseling and training to parents/mothers about ARI and handling febrile seizures in children, providing first aid kits and simple medicines for handling febrile seizures at Posyandu, also in families who have children and often experience febrile seizures under the supervision of a doctor, it is necessary the existence of socialization in physical form contains the importance of handling febrile seizures in children.
Updating species diversity of Colletotrichum, with a phylogenomic overview
Authors: Liu F. , Ma Z.Y. , Hou L.W. , Diao Y.Z. , Wu W.P. , Damm U. , Song S. , Cai L.
Published: January 2022

The genus Colletotrichum includes important plant pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and human pathogens. Even though the polyphasic approach has facilitatedColletotrichum species identification, knowledge of the overall species diversity and host distribution is largely
incomplete. To address this, we examined 952Colletotrichum strains isolated from plants representing 322 species from 248 genera, or air and soil samples, from 87 locations in China, as well as 56 strains from Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, and the UK. Based on morphological characteristics
and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, the strains were assigned to 107 species, including 30 new species described in this paper and 18 new records for China. The currently most comprehensive backbone tree ofColletotrichum, comprising 16 species complexes (including a newly introduced
C. bambusicola species complex) and 15 singleton species, is provided. Based on these analyses, 280 species with available molecular data are accepted in this genus, of which 139 have been reported in China, accounting for 49.6 % of the species.Colletotrichum siamense, C.
karsti, C. fructicola, C. truncatum, C. fioriniae, and C. gloeosporioides were the most commonly detected species in China, as well as the species with the broadest host range. By contrast, 76 species were currently found to be associated with
a single plant species or genus in China. To date, 33 Colletotrichum species have been exclusively reported as endophytes. Furthermore, we generated and assembled whole-genome sequences of the 30 new and a further 18 known species. The most comprehensive genome tree comprising 94
Colletotrichum species based on 1 893 single-copy orthologous genes was hence generated, with all nodes, except four, supported by 100 % bootstrap values. Collectively, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation ofColletotrichum diversity and host occurrence to
date, and greatly enhances our understanding of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in this genus.
Convergence analysis and validation of a discrete element model of the human lumbar spine
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Eremina Galina , Smolin Alexey ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Martyshina Irina ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

Degenerative diseases of the spine can lead to or hasten the onset of additional spinal problems that significantly reduce human mobility. The spine consists of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The most degraded are intervertebral discs. The vertebral body consists of a shell (cortical bone tissue) and an internal content (cancellous bone tissue). The intervertebral disc is a complex structural element of the spine, consisting of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous plates. To develop numerical models for the vertebral body and intervertebral disc, first, it is necessary to verify and validate the models for the constituent elements of the lumbar spine. This paper, for the first time, presents discrete elements-based numerical models for the constituent parts of the lumbar spine, and their verification and validation. The models are validated using uniaxial compression experiments available in the literature. The model predictions are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the data of those experiments. The loading rate sensitivity analysis revealed that fluid-saturated porous materials are highly sensitive to loading rate: a 1000-fold increase in rate leads to the increase in effective stiffness of 130 % for the intervertebral disc, and a 250-fold increase in rate leads to the increase in effective stiffness of 50 % for the vertebral body. The developed model components can be used to create an L4-L5 segment model, which, in the future, will allow investigating the mechanical behavior of the spine under different types of loading.
O papel do futebol no combate às desigualdades e na afirmação do papel da mulher: uma análise das estratégias de comunicação dos clubes de Portugal e Brasil no Dia Internacional da Mulher
Authors: Rocha Fernando Jesus da , Morais Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo procuramos verificar a importância que os clubes de futebol atribuem ao combate das desigualdades e em particular à afirmação do papel da mulher. Consideramos, para esse efeito, os 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, mas focamo-nos em particular no quinto, que versa sobre a igualdade de género e o empoderamento feminino. Através de um estudo de caso múltiplo, procedemos a uma análise comparativa das publicações realizadas pelos clubes de Portugal e Brasil, na rede social Facebook, para assinalar o Dia Internacional da Mulher. Os resultados evidenciam que os clubes estão atentos à data e procuram, através das diferentes publicações, alertar para o papel da mulher, numa estratégia de comunicação orientada para a responsabilidade social.
SAFAR BATH IN THE VALUE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE ATINGGOLA COMMUNITY
Authors: Mohamad Nursidik I. , El-Ghifary Rifdah Ibtisam , ibnuanengo
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out; The value of Islamic education and traditional values contained in the Mandi Safardi procession, Jin City Village, Atinggola District, North Gorontalo Regency.The method used is a qualitative method, the data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using reduction, display, and verification techniques, while the validity of the data was obtained by using triangulation techniques with methods and sources.The results of this study indicate that the Safar Bathing Tradition is believed to have existed since their ancestors first occupied the Jin City Village area. The Safar Bathing tradition carried out by the Jin City Village community contains Islamic educational values, namely: Worship Values, Moral Values, Moral Values, and Aqidah Values, 4) The Safar Bathing Tradition is maintained and passed down from generation to generation by the Jin City Village community. can be seen as an expressive symbol of the Jin City Village community Inspired by constitutive (religious) symbols that have a corelative-integrative and dynamic relationshipSuggestions from this research include; The Mandi Safar tradition as an ancestral cultural heritage should continue to be preserved for future generations by not eliminating the local Indonesian religious and cultural values contained in it as a medium for introducing ancestral traditions that are full of moral and religious values without ignoring the shari'ah. Islam in practice.
Ajaran Pirukunan Purwa Ayu Mardi Utomo (Pamu) di Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Maknun Moch Lukluil
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini secara kualitatif mendeskripsikan perihal salah satu organisasi penghayat yang ada di Jawa, yaitu Pirukunan Purwo Ayu Mardi Utomo (PAMU). PAMU didirikan oleh RM Djojopoernomo yang merupakan cucu Hamengkubuwono II dan Nyi Ageng Serang. Beberapa sumber ajarannya adalah: 1) AD ART Kawruh Pirukunan PAMU; 2) Suluk macapat, yang terdiri dari lima suluk: Suluk Jaka Lonthang, Suluk Roro Jinem, Suluk Jabur Kresno Murco, Suluk Purnomo Royo, dan Suluk Petho Praloyo; 3) Kitab Adamakna. PAMU bukanlah agama layaknya enam agama yang sudah diakui di Indonesia, tetapi sebuah ajaran kawruh pranataning kamanungsan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui asal muasal manusia berikut perannya di dunia sehingga dapat menjalani hidup yang berguna sesuai kehendak Tuhan.
MAKALAH ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN (ANALISIS PERKREDITAN)
Authors: Ali Annisya Wahdania , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: January 2022

Untuk menjalankan kegiatan operasional perusahaan, kebutuhan akan dana mutlak harus tersedia karena tanpa ketersediaan dana, tidak akan mungkin kegiatan perusahaan akan berjalan lancar. Dalam praktiknya dana yang dibutuhkan perusahaan ada dua macam, yaitu untuk keperluan modal kerja dan investasi.Apabila kebutuhan dana besar, sementara dana yang dibutuhkan tidak tersedia, jalan keluar untuk pemenuhan dana tersebut adalah melalui dana pinjaman (modal asing) dari lembaga keuangan seperti bank. Pemenuhan dana melalui pinjaman relative lebih mudah dan cepat dibandingkan dari modal sendiri, selama memenuhi persyaratan yang dipersyaratkan oleh bank. Hanya saja yang perlu diperhitungkan adalah bahwa pinjaman dana dari pihak perbankan memiliki ongkos (biaya) yang harus ditanggung, yaitu beban bunga. Besarnya beban bunga ini tergantung dari perusahaan yang membiayai, jangka waktu pinjaman, jaminan dan faktor lainnya.Setiap pengajuan kredit yang disetujui akan dinilai melalui semua persyaratan. Bagi bank hal ini penting agar dana yang dikucurkan tidak mengalami kerugian atau macet. Di lain sisi, bank juga tidak ingin pinjaman yang diberikan justru menjadi beban bagi perusahaan yang pada akhirnya dapat mengancam kelangsungan hidup perusahaan itu sendiri.Oleh karena itu, sebelum pinjaman atau kredit dikucurkan, bank terlebih dulu menganalisis kelayakan usahanya yang salah satunya adalah dengan menganalisis laporan keuangan perusahaan untuk beberapa priode tertentu. Hasil analisis ini akan dijadikan pedoman disetujui atau tidaknya usaha tersebut untuk dibiayai, serta besar pinjaman yang akan diberikan, serta persyaratan lainnya.
Research Coach: Khi nghiên cứu cũng cần “huấn luyện viên”
Authors: Thanh Thái
Published: January 2022

Từ ý tưởng “người làm nghiên cứu, giống như người chơi thể thao, cũng cần huấn luyện viên để tiến lên chuyên nghiệp”, TS Phạm Hiệp đã khởi xướng Chương trình Research Coach (researchcoach.edu.vn) với mục tiêu hỗ trợ các bạn trẻ muốn tìm học bổng du học sau đại học hoặc dấn thân vào con đường nghiên cứu trong lĩnh vực KHXH&NV.
COMPARING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES USED BY COMPANIES INTERGRATING AI IN LITIGATION Kevin Muriithi Mirera
Authors: Mirera Kevin Muriithi
Published: January 2022

Data mining is a way to extract knowledge out of generally large data sets; in other words, it is an approach to discover hidden relationships among data by using artificial intelligence methods. This has made it an important field in research. Law is one of the most important fields for applying data mining given the plethora of data from law cases stenographer data to lawsuit data. Text summarization in NLP (Natural Language Processing) is the process of summarizing the information on large texts for quicker consumption it is an extremely useful technique in NLP. Identifying law case characteristics is the first step for developing further analysis. An approach based on data mining techniques is discussed in this paper to extract important entities from law cases which are written in plain text. The process will involve different Artificial intelligence techniques including clustering or other unsupervised or supervised learning techniques.
Patient with False Negative RT-PCR for COVID-19 referred to Cancer Hospital for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Gnawali Suman , Mandal Sandip Kumar , Shrestha Gyan Bahadur , Yuan Gangbiao
Published: January 2022

Background: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and false-negative SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and develop and internally validate a diagnostic risk score to predict risk of COVID-19 (including RT-PCR-negative COVID-19) among medical treatment. 
Case presentation: Herein, we report a 42-year-old male patient from myagdi district Nepal presenting with high grade fever, dry cough, headache and dizziness on the August 10, 2021 during second phase of COVID-19 pandemic. There is no history of hypertension and diabetes. He went for RT-PCR test at local COVID-19 screening center and reported as negative for RT-PCR test. After that he referred to Lumbini Zonal hospital for further evaluation. RT-PCT swab test was performed again and reported negative. On the chest X-Ray, there was opacity on both lungs and the patient was referred to cancer hospital for lung cancer screening. The patient underwent for HRCT chest and biochemical laboratory tests for further evaluation. The chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) indicated ground grass opacity (GGO) with crazy paving a typical COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. In the biochemical laboratory test, there were elevation in Leukocyte (Total WBC count), Neutrophil, Glucose, Bilirubin Direct, Bilirubin Total, SGOT/AST, SGPT/ALT and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). There was low count found in Lymphocyte, Eosinophil and Monocyte. These laboratory parameters findings are typical sign of COVID-19 patients. Then patient was isolated and treatment of given according to COVID-19 treatment guidelines. On September 12, 2021, all diagnostic tests showed that patient recovered from COVID-19. 
Conclusion: It is safe to suggest that a symptomatic patient with typical chest HRCT and lab findings for COVID-19 should be quarantined or isolated even with 2 negative RT-PCR tests.
The correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor and prostate cancer with and without metabolic syndrome
Authors: Zhou Ya-nan , Song Jin-qi , Tu Gang-liang , Xu Hui , Ding Meng
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metabolic syndrome and its components and degree of differentiation of prostate cancer. 
Methods: The clinical data of 49 PCa cases treated during October, 2018 to February, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including patients’ height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Gleason score. 
Results: Compared with simple PCa group, BMI, the MS group had higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP, FGB, TG) and VEGF (P<0.05), and higher Gleason score (P<0.05). MS group had a higher degree of malignancy (Gleason≥8). 
Conclusion: This suggests that MS may promote the progression of PCa, and the increase of VEGF level can indicate the presence of MS in PCa patients, reflecting the progression of PCa to a certain extent.
Histopathological Spectrum of Non-neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Gautam Dipti , Shah Prakriti , Shrestha Prateek Krishna
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Urinary bladder is a site of various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, both of which can present with hematuria. Cystoscopy allows for direct visualization of the bladder mucosa and also obtaining tissue for histopathologic evaluation. The most common non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion of the urinary bladder is non-specific cystitis and urothelial carcinoma respectively.
Materials and methods: This study is a 4-year retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Patan Hospital, Nepal. All cases from the urinary bladder i.e., both cystoscopic and cystectomy samples were included in the study. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were re-evaluated whenever required.
Results: A total of 145 cases were included which consisted of 17 cystectomy specimens and 128 cystoscopic biopsies. There was a male predominance. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic cases consisted of 32% and 68% respectively. Chronic non-specific cystitis and high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma were the most common non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. 56.1% of cystoscopic biopsies had the presence of detrusor muscle with 21.7% showing its invasion.
Conclusions: Urinary bladder lesions have a wide spectrum ranging from non-neoplastic to neoplastic conditions. The presence of detrusor muscle in a cystoscopic biopsy, and its evaluation for invasion helps in diagnosis and further planning of patient management.
Political Representation of Gender in Nepal
Authors: Sijapati Dipendra Bikram
Published: January 2022

This paper is based on qualitative methods and discusses women's struggle for equal political participation, currently successful in the political representation of gender in Nepal. The aim of this paper is to examine the establishing equal representation in all sectors of elected government and to find out the inclusive participation of male and female in Nepalese, politics and parliament in together. It is based on completely secondary sources of data through the published in different governmental (election commission, 2074) and non-governmental organization. Nepal has been undergoing tremendous socio-political transformations over the past three decades, unitary to federal and monarchical government to the current republican political system; Nepali women have established themselves as key actors of socio-political changes. Nepali women began their struggle during the Rana Regime and advanced since the 1950s, by engaging both in popular peaceful political movements to armed insurgency and parliamentary competition with their male political counterparts. As a result, latest constitution of Nepal ensured 33% of seats are guaranteed to the parliaments and all other government positions as well as provision of male-female alternates eat provisions. As a result, from the national and local elections of 2017-18, women have come to occupy 41.8 percent political positions across the country. One of the key factors to ensure higher and meaningful participation of women in politics was these favorable electoral provisions. Women have demonstrated success in achieving higher participation in political positions. However, what has been achieved so far is not enough and continued rigorous action among all actors is essential.
Mistica: A Marxist Praxis
Authors: Gyanwali Gokarna Prasad
Published: January 2022

The Mística is the symbolic or dramatic social movement of Marxism initiated by Brazilian Landless Rural Workers. It is the popular movement practiced by the Communist parties and socialist organizations of the world. It was developed from Latin American liberation doctrine and interpreted as love for a cause, solidarity experienced in collectivity, symbolic presentation of the socialist movement, and belief in radical change. It is one type of philosophical movement which has a demonstrative attachment, praxis of pedagogy, behavioral collectivity, and cultural movement to change the social world guided by the theory of Karl Marx. It has political roots against the homogenization of culture, imperialism, and capitalist domination of the world. It uses art, music, drama, activity, symbol, media, and other modern tools which help the people for emancipation. This article will demonstrate some of the major aspects of mistica based upon the field observation of Brazil and Nepal.
“Accompanying Migrants” as a Touchstone of the Realisation of the Synodal Church Idea. A Canonist’s Remarks
Authors: Pastwa Andrzej
Published: January 2022

“Synodality is a style, it is walking together, and it is what the Lord expects of the Church in the third millennium” (Francis). The specific motto and wording of this study in the quoted “programme” thought of Pope Francis, articulated in the Address to Members of the International Theological Commission (2019). The Pope expresses appreciation for the extensive work of the Commission crowned with the “theological clarification” of the mentioned idea, and above all by demonstrating the importance in the perception of the mission of the Church today. If, in the opinion of the Holy Father, factual and competent expert argumentation, step by step, reveals the truth that “a synodal Church is a Church of participation and co-responsibility,” such a determination cannot remain without impact on the praxis of undertaking the most serious pastoral challenges of the present time — on various levels of realization: local, regional, and universal, including ecumenical commitment. This applies in its entirety to the creation of strategies and specific actions of the Church towards the growing phenomenon of human mobility, especially in its forms that manifest themselves as dramatic and devastating to families and individuals. What we mean here is the Church’s multi-track postulate — or more precisely: communion, synodal — efficiency (with its determinants: dynamics, efficiency, effectiveness), for which in 2016 Francis coined the term: “accompanying migrants”. Consequently, in recent years there have been a number of normative and operational activities of the present successor of St. Peter, which in our time — rightly called: “the era of migration” (Francis) — set a new trend of clothing/embellishing the aforementioned critical area of salus animarum with synodal accents. As it is showed in the study, a canonist, with the horizon of the principle of ius sequitur vitam before his eyes, cannot remain passive towards the pressing challenges delineated here. Indeed, within the orbit of the study of canon law a weighty question appears — what conclusions of a canonical nature stem from the “millennium” project of the realization of the Synodal Church Idea.