bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTEXTO ESCOLAR E SINTOMAS DE TRATO URINÁRIO INFERIOR: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Souza Bruna Marcela de Lima , Salviano Cristiane Feitosa , Martins Gisele
Published: May 2015

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com o objetivo de identificar fatores associados à ocorrência de sintomas de trato urinário inferior em crianças no contexto escolar. A busca foi realizada em novembro de 2013, nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, sem emprego de limite temporal. A amostra foi composta por 12 artigos. A maioria dos estudos abordou medidas de prevalência segundo sexo, faixa etária e sintoma investigado. Também foram identificadas três categorias temáticas: fatores associados aos sintomas urinários, condições para uso do toalete na escola, e percepção de professores e enfermeiros escolares quanto a padrões de eliminação infantil. A literatura aponta a influência do contexto escolar no comportamento miccional da criança, sendo o enfermeiro escolar citado como um agente estratégico na promoção de hábitos miccionais saudáveis na infância.
AVALIAÇÃO DE USUÁRIOS DE CRACK SOBRE OS GRUPOS DE FAMILIARES NO CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Duarte Lourdes Custódio , Viana Kelly , Olschowsky Agnes
Published: May 2015

A pesquisa buscou avaliar qualitativamente a percepção de usuários de crack sobre grupos de familiares. Trata-se de um recorte de um estudo de avaliação qualitativa realizado no ano de 2012, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas do Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico da Avaliação de Quarta Geração, tendo como dispositivo metodológico o Círculo Hermenêutico-Dialético, através de observações e entrevistas com doze usuários de crack. Na análise foi utilizado o Método Comparativo Constante, que gerou a unidade de significado Grupo de Família. O grupo foi avaliado pelos usuários como espaço importante para os familiares, servindo como fonte de escuta, desabafo e de informação, instrumentalizando-os na forma de lidar com os usuários no domicílio. Sugere-se que os serviços substitutivos proporcionem horários diversificados de grupos de familiares para fidelizar as famílias nestes espaços, promover a continuidade do tratamento e os efeitos benéficos para o usuário de crack.
O CUIDADO AO RECÉM-NASCIDO SUBMETIDO À DIÁLISE PERITONEAL: DESAFIOS PARA A EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Silva Rosane Munhak , Carvalho Karina Xavier , Zilly Adriana , Carvalho Fernanda Ferreira , Santos Marieta Fernandes
Published: May 2015

Objetivou-se neste estudo caracterizar recém-nascidos que apresentaram Lesão Renal Aguda e necessitaram de diálise peritoneal em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do sul do Brasil no período de 2007 a 2010. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso, no primeiro semestre de 2012, a partir da busca de dados em prontuários, coletados por meio de um instrumento estruturado. Identificaram-se dez recém-nascidos com Lesão Renal Aguda; destes, dois foram submetidos à diálise peritoneal, pois eram prematuros extremos, porém apresentaram complicações e evoluíram a óbito. Conclui-se que conhecer os impasses no cuidado em diálise peritoneal leva à compreensão da necessidade de capacitação profissional e da educação continuada nos serviços de saúde neonatais.
HEMÓLISE DE ERITRÓCITOS EM DISPOSITIVOS DE INFUSÃO INTRAVENOSA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Pardo Larissa Perez , Kusahara Denise Miyuki , Peterllini Maria Angélica Sorgini , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Pedreira Mavilde Da Luz Gonçalves
Published: May 2015

Hemólise extracorpórea pode ser identificada durante processos hemoterápicos. O enfermeiro é um dos profissionais responsáveis pela administração de hemocomponentes e controle de possíveis riscos, portanto deve apropriar-se de conhecimentos que respaldem a prática clínica. O objetivo foi identificar na literatura aspectos relacionados à hemólise em concentrados de hemácias decorrentes de administração de sangue por dispositivos de infusão intravenosa. Realizou-se Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Incluídos artigos na língua inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, sem delimitação da data, indexados em quatro bases de dados. Foram selecionadas 12 (100,0%) produções científicas, sendo que em sete (58,3%) foram analisadas bombas de infusão, em duas (16,7%) a manipulação de eritrócitos, em duas (16,7%) a hemólise com combinações de dispositivos e em uma (8,3%) cateter intravenoso. Os resultados de quatro (33,3%) destes estudos evidenciaram ocorrência de hemólise. Os estudos apontaram que pode ocorrer hemólise durante a passagem do componente por bombas de infusão e cateteres.
“NÃO ESPERAVA QUE NASCESSE ANTES” - VIVÊNCIA MATERNA DIANTE DA INTERNAÇÃO NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL
Authors: Tronco Caroline Sissy , Padoin Stela Maris De Mello , De Paula Cristiane Cardoso , Rodrigues Andressa Peripolli , Terra Marlene Gomes , Aldrighi Juliane Dias
Published: May 2015

Objetivou-se compreender a vivência decorrente da gestação interrompida pelo nascimento prematuro do bebê que necessita de internação em Unidade Neonatal. Investigação fenomenológica com referencial heideggeriano, realizada no período de dezembro de 2010 a maio de 2011, por meio de entrevista, com sete mães cujos filhos estavam internados na Unidade Neonatal de um hospital universitário. Diante do fato de ter um bebê pré-termo e que precisou ser internado, as mulheres indicam os problemas de saúde da gestação que levaram ao parto prematuro e querem entender o que está acontecendo. Além disso, permanecem assustadas mesmo que estejam habituadas com a internação do filho. Dessa forma, é necessário possibilitar uma relação dialógica e de apoio às mães, a fim de desenvolver estratégias para reestabelecer o vínculo com o bebê e o cuidado às demandas específicas da prematuridade.
Measurement and Mismeasurement of Social Development in Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Klin Ami , Jones Warren
Published: May 2015

Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a common and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origins defined by challenges in social communication and clusters of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. An emerging hypothesis of autism pathogenesis describes symptoms as the results from deviations from normative developmental processes. In this account, symptoms represent the outcome of variable instantiation of genetic liabilities – in terms of dosage and timing – leading to disruptions in the developmental trajectories of foundational social adaptive skills. Given the fast pace of change in behavior and brain development in the first two years of life, we pose that the currently prevalent cross-sectional experimental designs are ill-suited to capture changes from normative benchmarks that might be small at any data point but which inexorably and cumulatively increase divergences in developmental trajectories that ultimately culminate in the unmistakable cluster of atypical behaviors we now call autism. We argue that only densely-sampled longitudinal experimental designs can capture the underlying dynamic processes moving the individual child’s development towards or away from normative benchmarks. We illustrate this phenomenon via a detailed example in which a cross-sectional comparison between a clinical and a control cohort failed to find differences, which could only be detected by ascertaining that the developmental trajectory of one cohort was moving upwards while the other was moving downwards, with the developmental lines intersecting at the cross-sectional data point. We conclude by magnifying Karmiloff-Smith’s assertion, oft-quoted but seldom followed, that “development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders” [1].
Predicting Upcoming Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Modelling Approach
Authors: Paul Sanjoy K. , Samanta Mayukh
Published: May 2015

Continuous blood glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) capture interstitial glucose levels at frequent intervals over time, and are used by people with diabetes and their health care professionals to assess glycaemic variability. This information helps to adjust treatment to achieve optimum glycaemic control, as well as potentially providing early warning of imminent and dangerous hypoglycaemia. Although a number of studies has reported the possibilities of predicting hypoglycaemia in insulin dependent type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, the prediction paradigm is still unreliable, as glucose fluctuations in people with diabetes are highly volatile and depend on many factors. Studies have proposed the use of linear auto-regressive (AR) and state space time series models to analyse the glucose profiles for predicting upcoming glucose levels. However, these modelling approaches have not adequately addressed the inherent dependencies and volatility aspects in the glucose profiles. We have investigated the utility of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to explore glucose time-series trends and volatility, and possibility of reliable short-term forecasting of glucose levels. GARCH models were explored using CGMS profiles of young children (4 to <10 years) with T1DM. The prediction performances of GARCH approach were compared with other contemporary modelling approaches such as lower and higher order AR, and the state space models. The GARCH approach appears to be successful in both realizing the volatility in glucose profiles and offering potentially more reliable forecasting of upcoming glucose levels.
Reliability Analysis for Two Components Connected in Parallel with Lindley Probability Model
Authors: Hussain Ehtesham , Haq Masood ul
Published: May 2015

Reliability of structures has been discussed by several authors using probability models. Some of the early researches have been discussed by Birnbaum (1956) [1] in which two independent variables X and Y are defined as “Strength” and “Stress” respectively.
This research is an extension of Mann- Whitney paper (1947) [2] on P(Y<X). Beg (1979c, 1980b, 1980c) [3-5] estimated reliability i.e R = P(Y bY) by Maximum likelihood and MVUE of R. In the present paper we have considered R=P(Y<X) where X and Y independently follow Lindley distribution. The MLE and Moment estimators of the distribution and then that of R have been found. A simulation study has been done to estimate biasedness and Confidence interval of R.
Non-Parametric Test for Ordered Medians: The Jonckheere Terpstra Test
Authors: Ali Arif , Rasheed Abdur , Siddiqui Afaq Ahmed , Naseer Maliha , Wasim Saba , Akhtar Waseem
Published: May 2015

In clinical trials, sample size is usually lesser as compared to other epidemiological studies to make it more feasible and cost effective. Small sizes of such trials discourage the use of parametric test due to violation of the assumption under which they are applicable. Therefore, the use of nonparametric test is substantial in clinical trials to test two or more independent samples. The Kruskal-Wallis h test is an alternative to one-way ANOVA and can be used to identify significant differences among different populations. When we have several independent samples and assumed to be arranged orderly, Jonckheere Terpstra test is a best choice to compare population medians instead of means. For the application of Jonckheere Terpstra test the data from the study of cleaning methods for ultrasound probes are used. The Jonckheere Terpstra test is recommended over Kruskal-Wallis h test as it compares and provides significant difference between more than two population medians when they arranged in order. Therefore, the aim of this research paper was to explore the use and significance of Jonckheere-Terpstra test with the use of practical example.
Control Charts for Skewed Distributions: Johnson’s Distributions
Authors: Lahcene Bachioua
Published: May 2015

In this study, some important issues regarding process capability and performance have been highlighted, particularly in case when the distribution of a process characteristic is non-normal. The process capability and performance analysis has become an inevitable step in quality management of modern industrial processes. Determination of the performance capability of a stable process using the standard process capability indices (Cp, Cpk) requires that the quality characteristics of the underlying process data should follow a normal distribution. Statistical Process Control charts widely used in industry and services by quality professionals require that the quality characteristic being monitored is normally distributed. If, in contrast, the distribution of this characteristic is not normal, any conclusion drawn from control charts on the stability of the process may be misleading and erroneous. In this paper, an alternative approach has been suggested that is based on the identification of the best distribution that would fit the data. Specifically, the Johnson distribution was used as a model to normalize real field data that showed departure from normality. Real field data from the construction industry was used as a case study to illustrate the proposed analysis.
Intervalling-Effect Bias and Competition Policy
Authors: Fotis Panagiotis N. , Pekka-Oikonomou Victoria , Polemis Michael L.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to investigate whether the security's systematic risk beta estimates change as the infrequent trading phenomenon appears. Second, it attempts to provide useful insight on the impact of mergers and acquisitions on competition policy. For this reason, we employ the models of Scholes and Williams (1977), Dimson (1979), Cohen et al. (1983a) and Maynes and Rumsey (1993) on a small stock exchange with thickly infrequent trading stocks. The empirical results reveal that for some securities the models employed by Scholes and Williams (1977) and Cohen et al. (1983a) improve the biasness of the Ordinary Least Squares Market Model (Maynes and Rumsey, 1993). We argue that competitors gain while merged entities loose or at least do not gain from the clearness of the investigated mergers.
Disproportionality and Business Cycle from Tugan-Baranovskij to Spiethoff
Authors: Ferlito Carmelo
Published: May 2015

In the second half of the 19th century, German-speaking countries developed a very intense economic debate about crises. Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovskij's analysis may be considered as the point of transition between different crisis theories and the development of organic thinking about the business cycle. It was an integral part of the German debate and had a decisive influence on Arthur Spiethoff's elaboration - perhaps the most organic analysis of the cycle developed within the German historical school.
Arthurs Spiethoff's influence was recognized by important authors such as Friedrich A. von Hayek and Joseph A. Schumpeter. Both the Austrian economists admitted their debt toward the German scholar in elaborating their business cycle theories. The present paper aims to illustrate one of the important roots in Spiethoff's approach, an approach that in turn became a crucial reference for other important economists.
Bibliometric Rankings of Journals Based on the Thomson Reuters Citations Database
Authors: Chang Chia-Lin , McAleer Michael
Published: May 2015

Virtually all rankings of journals are based on citations, including self citations by journals and individual academics. The gold standard for bibliometric rankings based on citations data is the widely-used Thomson Reuters Web of Science (2014) citations database, which publishes, among others, the celebrated Impact Factor. However, there are numerous bibliometric measures, also known as research assessment measures, based on the Thomson Reuters citations database, but they do not all seem to have been collected in a single source. The purpose of this paper is to present, define and compare the 16 most well-known Thomson Reuters bibliometric measures in a single source. It is important that the existing bibliometric measures be presented in any rankings papers as alternative bibliometric measures based on the Thomson Reuters citations database can and do produce different rankings, as has been documented in a number of papers in the bibliometrics literature.
Kova dėl žemės: dvaro ir laisvųjų žmonių santykiai sprendžiant žemės nuosavybės klausimą XIX a. II pusėje
Authors: Bairašauskaitė Tamara
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje gilinamasi į stambių dvarų savininkų ir laikinųjų žmonių, nuomojusių dvarų žemę, santykius po baudžiavos panaikinimo. Aptariama šiuos santykius reguliavusi imperijos valdžios politika, dvarų savininkų ir laisvųjų žmonių laikysena atsižvelgiant į luominės visuomenės socialinės struktūros neišbaigtumą, komplikuotą valdinių socialinę identifikaciją, privačios nuosavybės neliečiamumo sampratą. Straipsnyje aptariama bajorų žemvaldžių situacija XIX a. antrojoje pusėje, kurią galima apibūdinti kaip žemėvaldos krizę, ir mėginimai ją įveikti taikiomis priemonėmis.
Nostalginis diskursas lietuvių memuaristikoje
Authors: Popovienė Vilma
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje, remiantis rusų literatūrologo Ilono Fraimano teorinėmis įžvalgomis ir jo pateikta memuarinių tekstų tipologija, analizuojama lietuvių memuaristikos diskursyvinė raiška (diskurso strategijos), bandant pritaikyti pagal žanro specifiką naratologijos teorinius principus. Diskursas čia suprantamas kaip įvykių visumą iš tam tikros pozicijos perteikiantis pasakojimas. Analizuojami diskurso fragmentai – konkretūs kalbiniai (gramatiniai) pasakojimo požymiai: 1) nurodantys memuarų rašymo tikslus (intencijas) ir pasakotojo ir / arba veikiančio subjekto požiūrį bei santykį su aprašomuoju objektu, 2) žymintys pasakojimo laiko logikos pažeidimus ir / arba pasakojimo lygmenų pažeidimus, 3) atskleidžiantys vidinės (pasakotojo-veikiančio subjekto) ir išorinės (pasakotojo-adresato) komunikacijos santykį. Straipsnyje apžvelgti literatūrologės Svetlanos Boym teoriniai nostalgijos tyrinėjimai svarbūs analizuojant konkrečius memuarinius tekstus, kuriuose nostalginis pasakojimo pradas yra itin ryškus ir iš esmės veikiantis diskursyvinę jo raišką. Siekiant atskleisti autoriaus (pasakotojo, veikiančio subjekto) santykį su pasakojimo objektu, nagrinėjama nostalgijos, kaip specifinio, su vaizduote susijusio atminties aspekto, raiška. Memuariniuose pasakojimuose veikiančio subjekto sąmonėje nostalgija iškyla įvairiais pavidalais – ir kaip netiesioginė patirtis, formuojanti subjekto santykį su praeities erdvėlaikiu, ir kaip paties subjekto būsena, atsiskleidžianti arba refleksyvia meditacija ir skausmingu iliuzinio objekto ilgesiu, arba praeities atkūrimu ne tik individualioje, bet ir kolektyvinėje atmintyje mito ar simbolio pavidalu.
Implementation of community‐based adherence clubs for stable antiretroviral therapy patients in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Grimsrud Anna , Sharp Joseph , Kalombo Cathy , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Myer Landon
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Community‐based models of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery have been recommended to support ART expansion and retention in resource‐limited settings. However, the evidence base for community‐based models of care is limited. We describe the implementation of community‐based adherence clubs (CACs) at a large, public‐sector facility in peri‐urban Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods

Starting in May 2012, stable ART patients were down‐referred from the primary care community health centre (CHC) to CACs. Eligibility was based on self‐reported adherence, >12 months on ART and viral suppression. CACs were facilitated by four community health workers and met every eight weeks for group counselling, a brief symptom screen and distribution of pre‐packed ART. The CACs met in community venues for all visits including annual blood collection and clinical consultations. CAC patients could send a patient‐nominated treatment supporter (“buddy”) to collect their ART at alternate CAC visits. Patient outcomes [mortality, loss to follow‐up and viral rebound (>1000 copies/ml)] during the first 18 months of the programme are described using Kaplan–Meier methods.

Results and Discussion

From June 2012 to December 2013, 74 CACs were established, each with 25–30 patients, providing ART to 2133 patients. CAC patients were predominantly female (71%) and lived within 3 km of the facility (70%). During the analysis period, 9 patients in a CAC died (<0.1%), 53 were up‐referred for clinical complications (0.3%) and 573 CAC patients sent a buddy to at least one CAC visit (27%). After 12 months in a CAC, 6% of patients were lost to follow‐up and fewer than 2% of patients retained experienced viral rebound.

Conclusions

Over a period of 18 months, a community‐based model of care was rapidly implemented decentralizing more than 2000 patients in a high‐prevalence, resource‐limited setting. The fundamental challenge for this out of facility model was ensuring that patients receiving ART within a CAC were viewed as an extension of the facility and part of the responsibility of CHC staff. Further research is needed to support down‐referral sooner after ART initiation and to describe patient experiences of community‐based ART delivery.
Asymmetric magnetospheric compressions and expansions in response to impact of inclined interplanetary shock
Authors: Samsonov A. A. , Sergeev V. A. , Kuznetsova M. M. , Sibeck D. G.
Published: May 2015

We use global MHD simulations to model the magnetospheric response to an inclined shock that first strikes the duskside magnetosphere. The simulations predict several phenomena related specifically to the inclined shocks. The magnetospheric compression on the duskside exceeds that on the dawnside, and the geocentric distance to the dusk magnetopause varies in a simple step‐like form. The compression on the dawnside is preceded and followed by expansions. For a moderately strong shock, the expansion magnitude reaches severalREbehind the terminator plane. The magnetopause and cross‐tail currents in the magnetotail are significantly deformed during and after the shock passage. The position of the magnetotail magnetopause moves by more than 10 RE. This asymmetric magnetopause deformation is mainly related to a strong |Vy| downstream from the inclined shock. The magnetospheric expansion results in a decrease in the horizontal magnetic field at low‐latitude stations, as confirmed by observations.
Repulsive hydration forces between calcite surfaces and their effect on the brittle strength of calcite‐bearing rocks
Authors: Røyne Anja , Dalby Kim N. , Hassenkam Tue
Published: May 2015

The long‐term mechanical strength of calcite‐bearing rocks is highly dependent on the presence and nature of pore fluids, and it has been suggested that the observed effects are due to changes in nanometer‐scale surface forces near fracture tips and grain contacts. In this letter, we present measurements of forces between two calcite surfaces in air and water‐glycol mixtures using the atomic force microscope. We show a time‐ and load‐dependent adhesion at low water concentrations and a strong repulsion in the presence of water, which is most likely due to hydration of the strongly hydrophilic calcite surfaces. We argue that this hydration repulsion can explain the commonly observed water‐induced decrease in strength in calcitic rocks and single calcite crystals. Furthermore, this relatively simple experimental setup may serve as a useful tool for analyzing surface forces in other mineral‐fluid combinations.
Postseismic relaxation in Kashmir and lateral variations in crustal architecture and materials
Authors: Bendick R. , Khan S. F. , Bürgmann R. , Jouanne F. , Banerjee P. , Khan M. A. , Bilham R.
Published: May 2015

Thirty horizontal displacement time series from GPS sites in the area around the 2005 Kashmir earthquake show lateral spatial variations in displacement magnitude and relaxation time for the postseismic interval from 2005 to 2012. The observed spatial pattern of surface displacements can only be reproduced by finite element models of postseismic deformation in elastic over viscoelastic crust that include lateral differences in both the thickness of the elastic layer and the viscosity of the viscoelastic layer. Solutions reproducing the sign of horizontal displacements everywhere in the epicentral region also require afterslip on the portion of the fault dislocation in the viscoelastic layer but not in the elastic lid. Although there are substantial tradeoffs among contributions to postseismic displacements of the surface, the observations preclude both crustal homogeneity and shallow afterslip. In the best family of solutions, the thickness of the elastic upper crust differs by a factor of 5 and the viscosity of the middle and lower crust by an order of magnitude between domains north and south of a suture zone containing the Main Boundary Thrust and Main Mantle Thrust.
Hydraulic sealing due to pressure solution contact zone growth in siliciclastic rock fractures
Authors: Lang P. S. , Paluszny A. , Zimmerman R. W.
Published: May 2015

Thermo‐hydro‐mechanical‐chemical simulations at the pore scale are conducted to study the hydraulic sealing of siliciclastic rock fractures as contact zones grow driven by pressure dissolution. The evolving fluid‐saturated three‐dimensional pore space of the fracture results from the elastic contact between self‐affine, randomly rough surfaces in response to the effective confining pressure. A diffusion‐reaction equation controls pressure solution over contact zones as a function of their emergent geometry and stress variations. Results show that three coupled processes govern the evolution of the fracture's hydraulic properties: (1) the dissolution‐driven convergence of the opposing fracture walls acts to compact the pore space; (2) the growth of contact zones reduces the elastic compression of the pore space; and (3) the growth of contact zones leads to flow channeling and the presence of stagnant zones in the flow field. The dominant early time compaction mechanism is the elastic compression of the fracture void space, but this eventually becomes overshadowed by the irreversible process of pressure dissolution. Growing contact zones isolate void space and cause an increasing disproportion between average and hydraulic aperture. This results in the loss of hydraulic conductivity when the mean aperture is a third of its initial value and the contact ratio approaches the characteristic value of one half. Convergence rates depend on small‐wavelength roughness initially and on long‐wavelength roughness in the late time. The assumption of a characteristic roughness length scale, therefore, leads to a characteristic time scale with an underestimation of dissolution rates before and an overestimation thereafter.
Understanding the Association of Fatigue With Other Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: Development of a Cluster Model
Authors: Lukkahatai Nada , Walitt Brian , Espina Alexandra , Gelio Alves , Saligan Leorey N.
Published: May 2015

Objective

To develop a symptoms cluster model that can describe factors of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) associated with fatigue severity as reported by the sample and to explore FMS clinical symptom subclusters based on varying symptom intensities.

Methods

FMS individuals (n = 120, 82% ages 31–60 years, 90% women, 59% white) diagnosed with the 1990 or 2010 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Participants completed multiple validated self‐report questionnaires to measure fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, and FMS‐related polysymptomatic distress. Cluster analysis using SPSS 19.0 and structural equation modeling using AMOS 17.0 were used.

Results

Final structural equation modeling the symptoms cluster model showed good fit and revealed that FMS fatigue was associated with widespread pain, symptoms severity, pain intensity, pain interference, cognitive dysfunction, catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression (χ2 = 121.72 (98df), P > 0.05, χ2/df = 1.242, comparative fit index = 0.982, root mean square error of approximation = 0.045). Two distinct clinical symptom subclusters emerged: subcluster 1 (78% of total subjects), defined by widespread pain, unrefreshed waking, and somatic symptoms, and subcluster 2 (22% of total subjects), defined by fatigue and cognitive dysfunction with pain being a less severe and less widespread occurrence.

Conclusion

Overall, subcluster 1 had more intense symptoms than subcluster 2. FMS symptoms may be categorized into 2 clinical subclusters. These findings have implications for an illness whose diagnosis and management are symptom dependent. A longitudinal study capturing the variability in the symptom experience of FMS subjects is warranted.
Association of Anemic Hypoxia and Increased Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kim Ki‐Jo , Baek In‐Woon , Yoon Chong‐Hyeon , Kim Wan‐Uk , Cho Chul‐Soo
Published: May 2015

Objective

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chronic hypoxia is known to cause PAH resulting from pulmonary vascular remodeling. We investigated the association between anemic hypoxia and PAH in SLE patients.

Methods

Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was measured in 132 SLE patients by echocardiography. Increased PAP was defined as resting PAP > 40 mm Hg. Oxygen delivery (DO2) was estimated as the product of cardiac output and arterial oxygen content.

Results

Of 132 patients, 17 (12.9%) had increased PAP, and these patients had significantly lower DO2 values than patients with normal PAP (P = 0.002). The DO2 values inversely correlated with PAP values (γ = −0.308, P < 0.001) and plasma N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels (γ = −0.323, P = 0.001), but positively correlated with hemoglobin levels (γ = 0.402, P < 0.001). Compared to those with normal PAP, patients with increased PAP had significantly longer durations of anemia over the preceding 6–24 months. Patients with anemia of longer durations (≥3 months) in the preceding 6 months had a higher risk of increased PAP compared to those with shorter durations (P < 0.001). When SLE patients were divided into 3 groups according to hemoglobin and PAP, serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels increased across groups with higher PAP (P = 0.001 for trend), but decreased across tertiles of hemoglobin levels (P = 0.008 for trend).

Conclusion

Our data indicate an association between chronic anemic hypoxia and increased PAP in SLE patients and suggest that increased IL‐6 might participate in this process.
Locally Welded Silver Nano‐Network Transparent Electrodes with High Operational Stability by a Simple Alcohol‐Based Chemical Approach
Authors: Lu Haifei , Zhang Di , Cheng Jiaqi , Liu Jian , Mao Jian , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: May 2015

As an indispensable aspect of emerging flexible optoelectronics, flexible transparent electrodes, especially those comprised of metal nanowires, have attracted great attentions recently. Welding the nanowire junctions is an effective strategy for reducing the sheet resistance and improving the operational stability of flexible nanowire electrode in practical applications. Herein, a simple alcohol‐based solution approach is proposed to weld crossed silver nanowires by chemically growing silver “solder” at the junctions of the nanowires, forming transparent silver nano‐network electrodes with improved electrical conductivity and operational stability. Remarkably, silver nano‐networks can be rapidly formed by this simple approach under ambient condition and room temperature, requiring no assistance from heat, light, electrical current, or mechanical pressure. Furthermore, our results show that the nano‐network electrode formed from large diameter nanowires offers a better operational stability, whose trend is opposite to that of the untreated electrodes. To demonstrate the potential application of the highly stable silver nano‐network from large diameter nanowires, organic solar cells fabricated on the nano‐network electrode incorporated with silicon dioxide nanoparticles achieve comparable performance to the ITO control device. Consequently, strategy demonstrated in this work can contribute to low‐cost and highly stable transparent electrodes in emerging flexible optoelectronics.
Merging Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis: The Direct Synthesis of Ketones by the Decarboxylative Arylation of α‐Oxo Acids
Authors: Chu Lingling , Lipshultz Jeffrey M. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: May 2015

The direct decarboxylative arylation of α‐oxo acids has been achieved by synergistic visible‐light‐mediated photoredox and nickel catalysis. This method offers rapid entry to aryl and alkyl ketone architectures from simple α‐oxo acid precursors via an acyl radical intermediate. Significant substrate scope is observed with respect to both the oxo acid and arene coupling partners. This mild decarboxylative arylation can also be utilized to efficiently access medicinal agents, as demonstrated by the rapid synthesis of fenofibrate.
Prometabolites of 5‐Diphospho‐myo‐inositol Pentakisphosphate
Authors: Pavlovic Igor , Thakor Divyeshsinh T. , Bigler Laurent , Wilson Miranda S. C. , Laha Debabrata , Schaaf Gabriel , Saiardi Adolfo , Jessen Henning J.
Published: May 2015

Diphospho‐myo‐inositol phosphates (PP‐InsPy) are an important class of cellular messengers. Thus far, no method for the transport of PP‐InsPy into living cells is available. Owing to their high negative charge density, PP‐InsPy will not cross the cell membrane. A strategy to circumvent this issue involves the generation of precursors in which the negative charges are masked with biolabile groups. A PP‐InsPy prometabolite would require twelve to thirteen biolabile groups, which need to be cleaved by cellular enzymes to release the parent molecules. Such densely modified prometabolites of phosphate esters and anhydrides have never been reported to date. This study discloses the synthesis of such agents and an analysis of their metabolism in tissue homogenates by gel electrophoresis. The acetoxybenzyl‐protected system is capable of releasing 5‐PP‐InsP5 in mammalian cell/tissue homogenates within a few minutes and can be used to release 5‐PP‐InsP5 inside cells. These molecules will serve as a platform for the development of fundamental tools required to study PP‐InsPy physiology.
Pharmakokinetik von Medikamenten durch Echtzeit‐Analyse der Atemluft von Mäusen
Authors: Li Xue , Martinez‐Lozano Sinues Pablo , Dallmann Robert , Bregy Lukas , Hollmén Maija , Proulx Steven , Brown Steven A. , Detmar Michael , Kohler Malcolm , Zenobi Renato
Published: May 2015

Mittels sekundärer Elektrosprayionisation und hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie wurde eine nichtinvasive Bestimmung der Pharmakokinetik (PK) von Ketamin, Propofol und Valproinsäure sowie deren Metaboliten in der Atemluft von Mäusen erzielt. Das PK‐Profil eines Medikaments beeinflusst dessen Wirksamkeit und Toxizität, weil es die Exposition und effektive Dosis bestimmt. Das Antidepressivum und Anästhetikum Ketamin und vier seiner Metaboliten wurden im Detail untersucht, und ihre PK gleichzeitig nach Verabreichen verschiedener sub‐anästhetischer Dosen von Ketamin bestimmt. Die Bioverfügbarkeit nach oraler Einnahme und intraperitonealer Injektion wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Studien, bei denen selbst für PK‐Kurven niederer Auflösung viele Tiere geopfert werden müssen, ergibt die hier vorgestellte Echtzeit‐PK‐Bestimmung eine bisher unerreichte Zeitauflösung (10 s), und keines der Tiere musste getötet werden. Dies stellt somit einen wichtigen Schritt nicht nur für den Tierschutz, sondern auch eine große Kosten‐ und Zeitersparnis dar.
Thin‐Layer Chemical Modulations by a Combined Selective Proton Pump and pH Probe for Direct Alkalinity Detection
Authors: Afshar Majid Ghahraman , Crespo Gastón A. , Bakker Eric
Published: May 2015

We report a general concept based on a selective electrochemical ion pump used for creating concentration perturbations in thin layer samples (∼40 μL). As a first example, hydrogen ions are released from a selective polymeric membrane (proton pump) and the resulting pH is assessed potentiometrically with a second membrane placed directly opposite. By applying a constant potential modulation for 30 s, an induced proton concentration of up to 350 mM may be realized. This concept may become an attractive tool for in situ titrations without the need for sampling, because the thin layer eventually re‐equilibrates with the contacting bulk sample. Acid–base titrations of NaOH and Na2CO3 are demonstrated. The determination of total alkalinity in a river water sample is carried out, giving levels (23.1 mM) comparable to that obtained by standard methods (23.6 mM). The concept may be easily extended to other ions (cations, anions, polyions) and may become attractive for environmental and clinical applications.
Biocatalytic Pathway Selection in Transient Tripeptide Nanostructures
Authors: Pappas Charalampos G. , Sasselli Ivan R. , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: May 2015

Structural adaption in living systems is achieved by competing catalytic pathways that drive assembly and disassembly of molecular components under the influence of chemical fuels. We report on a simple mimic of such a system that displays transient, sequence‐dependent formation of supramolecular nanostructures based on biocatalytic formation and hydrolysis of self‐assembling tripeptides. The systems are catalyzed by α‐chymotrypsin and driven by hydrolysis of dipeptide aspartyl‐phenylalanine‐methyl ester (the sweetener aspartame, DF‐OMe). We observed switch‐like pathway selection, with the kinetics and consequent lifetime of transient nanostructures controlled by the peptide sequence. In direct competition, kinetic (rather than thermodynamic) component selection is observed.
Kinetic Cooperativity in Human Pancreatic Glucokinase Originates from Millisecond Dynamics of the Small Domain
Authors: Larion Mioara , Hansen Alexandar L. , Zhang Fengli , Bruschweiler‐Li Lei , Tugarinov Vitali , Miller Brian G. , Brüschweiler Rafael
Published: May 2015

The hallmark of glucokinase (GCK), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose during glycolysis, is its kinetic cooperativity, whose understanding at atomic detail has remained open since its discovery over 40 years ago. Herein, by using kinetic CPMG NMR spectroscopic data for 17 isoleucine side chains distributed over all parts of GCK, we show that the origin of kinetic cooperativity is rooted in intramolecular protein dynamics. Residues of glucose‐free GCK located in the small domain displayed distinct exchange behavior involving multiple conformers that are substantially populated (p>17 %) with a kex value of 509±51 s−1, whereas in the glucose‐bound form these exchange processes were quenched. This exchange behavior directly competes with the enzymatic turnover rate at physiological glucose concentrations, thereby generating the sigmoidal rate dependence that defines kinetic cooperativity.
Cage‐Like B41+ and B422+: New Chiral Members of the Borospherene Family
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Su‐Yan , Bai Hui , Tian Wen‐Juan , Gao Ting , Li Hai‐Ru , Miao Chang‐Qing , Mu Yue‐Wen , Lu Hai‐Gang , Zhai Hua‐Jin , Li Si‐Dian
Published: May 2015

The newly discovered borospherenes B40−/0 and B39− mark the onset of a new class of boron nanostructures. Based on extensive first‐principles calculations, we introduce herein two new chiral members to the borospherene family: the cage‐like C1 B41+ (1) and C2 B422+ (2), both of which are the global minima of the systems with degenerate enantiomers. These chiral borospherene cations are composed of twelve interwoven boron double chains with six hexagonal and heptagonal faces and may be viewed as the cuborenes analogous to cubane (C8H8). Chemical bonding analyses show that there exists a three‐center two‐electron σ bond on each B3 triangle and twelve multicenter two‐electron π bonds over the σ skeleton. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that C1 B41+ (1) fluctuates above 300 K, whereas C2 B422+ (2) remains dynamically stable. The infrared and Raman spectra of these borospherene cations are predicted to facilitate their experimental characterizations.
Microfluidic Formation of Membrane‐Free Aqueous Coacervate Droplets in Water
Authors: van Swaay Dirk , Tang T.‐Y. Dora , Mann Stephen , de Mello Andrew
Published: May 2015

We report on the formation of coacervate droplets from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) with either adenosine triphosphate or carboxymethyl‐dextran using a microfluidic flow‐focusing system. The formed droplets exhibit improved stability and narrower size distributions for both coacervate compositions when compared to the conventional vortex dispersion techniques. We also demonstrate the use of two parallel flow‐focusing channels for the simultaneous formation and co‐location of two distinct populations of coacervate droplets containing different DNA oligonucleotides, and that the populations can coexist in close proximity up to 48 h without detectable exchange of genetic information. Our results show that the observed improvements in droplet stability and size distribution may be scaled with ease. In addition, the ability to encapsulate different materials into coacervate droplets using a microfluidic channel structure allows for their use as cell‐mimicking compartments.
Pd–Pb Alloy Nanocrystals with Tailored Composition for Semihydrogenation: Taking Advantage of Catalyst Poisoning
Authors: Niu Wenxin , Gao Yongjun , Zhang Weiqing , Yan Ning , Lu Xianmao
Published: May 2015

Metallic nanocrystals (NCs) with well‐defined sizes and shapes represent a new family of model systems for establishing structure–function relationships in heterogeneous catalysis. Here in this study, we show that catalyst poisoning can be utilized as an efficient strategy for nanocrystals shape and composition control, as well as a way to tune the catalytic activity of catalysts. Lead species, a well‐known poison for noble‐metal catalysts, was investigated in the growth of Pd NCs. We discovered that Pb atoms can be incorporated into the lattice of Pd NCs and form Pd–Pb alloy NCs with tunable composition and crystal facets. As model catalysts, the alloy NCs with different compositions showed different selectivity in the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Pd–Pb alloy NCs with better selectivity than that of the commercial Lindlar catalyst were discovered. This study exemplified that the poisoning effect in catalysis can be explored as efficient shape‐directing reagents in NC growth, and more importantly, as a strategy to tailor the performance of catalysts with high selectivity.
Fabrication and characterization of natural rubber/Imperata cylindrica cellulose fiber biocomposites
Authors: Thulasimani Chellon , Ramesh Subramaniam , Ramesh Kasi , Salmah Husseinsyah
Published: May 2015

Imperata cylindrica (IC) is one of the most abundantly found agricultural wastes that have been used to produce lignocellulose fiber and nanocellulose. Cellulose fiber from IC leaves has been isolated and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Biocomposite was prepared using Imperata cylindrica cellulose fiber (ICCF) as reinforcing filler and natural rubber (NR) as the matrix. The NR vulcanizates were cured with conventional vulcanization (CV) and efficient vulcanization (EV) curing system using two roll mills. The effect of ICCF content on curing characteristic, tensile properties, and morphology of ICCF‐filled NR vulcanizates was studied. The results indicated that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of EV system were higher compared with CV system. The tensile strength and modulus at 300% increased as the ICCF content increased accompanied by a moderate decrease in elongation at break. The morphology study of biocomposites showed that ICCF were dispersed better in the NR matrix. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of highly emissive, thermally stable, UV‐cured polysilsesquioxane/ZnO nanoparticle composites
Authors: Jeon Hyeonyeol , Lee Albert Sung Soo , Kim Hyun‐Ji , Cho So‐Hye , Baek Kyung‐Youl , Hwang Seung Sang
Published: May 2015

A high molecular weight polysilsesquioxane (LPMSQ)/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by blending a methacryl‐substituted polysilsesquioxane and PMMA‐coated ZnO nanoparticle (NP) followed by UV‐curing process. These LPMSQ/ZnO nanocomposites gave high thermal and mechanical stabilities originated from the rigid ladder structured siloxane backbone of LPMSQ. The polysilsesquioxane and surface‐modified ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent compatibility between MMA groups in LPMSQ‐ and PMMA‐capped ZnO nanoparticles to give well‐dispersed LPMSQ/ZnO nanocomposites. Mechanically pliant and flexible free standing films were obtained, and the photo and optical properties of these hybrid nanocomposites were examined. The high photoluminescent properties were maintained even after severe thermal treatments exceeding 400°C. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42333.
Permeability of small molecules through vapor deposited polymer membranes
Authors: Tufani Ali , Ince Gozde Ozaydin
Published: May 2015

Free‐standing, thin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), p(HEMA), membranes deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technique are presented. Systematic studies of permeation of model dye molecules through these free‐standing thin films are performed and effects of process parameters on the permeability and selectivity of the membranes synthesized using an all‐dry process are demonstrated for the first time. Permeation studies of model dye molecules show that the diffusion of large dye molecules through the membrane is faster than the smaller dye molecules, due to loss of conformation entropy. Mesh sizes of the membranes are controlled by tuning the crosslink ratio of the polymer and diffusion coefficients of alizarin yellow model dye molecules are obtained as 0.44 × 10−7 and 1.71 × 10−7 cm2/s for high and low crosslinked membranes, respectively. Selectivity of the membranes is also demonstrated by the permeation studies of dyes with similar sizes but different polarities and the permeability coefficient of the hydrophilic dye is observed to be 30 times larger than that of the hydrophobic dye of similar size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42453.
Simulation of liquid physical blowing agents for forming rigid urethane foams
Authors: Al‐Moameri Harith , Zhao Yusheng , Ghoreishi Rima , Suppes Galen J.
Published: May 2015

A computer‐based simulation for rigid polyurethane foam‐forming reactions was compared with experimental data for six blowing agents including methyl formate and C5‐C6 hydrocarbons. Evaporation of blowing agent was modeled as an overall mass transfer coefficient times the difference in activity of the blowing agent in the gas foam cells versus the resin walls of the cells. Successful modeling hinged upon use of a mass transfer coefficient that decreased to near zero as the foam resin approached its gel point. Modeling on density agreed with experimental measurements. The fitted parameters allowed for interpretations of the final disposition of the blowing agent, especially, if the blowing agent successfully led to larger foam cells versus being entrapped in the resin. The only component‐specific fitted parameters used in the modeling was the activity coefficient that was lower for methyl formate than the value used for hydrocarbons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42454.