bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Earnings Reports for Stock Predictions: A QLoRA-Enhanced LLM Approach
Authors: Ni Haowei , Meng Shuchen , Chen Xupeng , Zhao Ziqing , Chen Andi , Li Panfeng , Zhang Shiyao , Yin Qifu , Wang Yuanqing , Chan Yuxi
Published: November 2024

Accurate stock market predictions following earnings reports are crucial for investors. Traditional methods, particularly classical machine learning models, struggle with these predictions because they cannot effectively process and interpret extensive textual data contained in earnings reports and often overlook nuances that influence market movements. This paper introduces an advanced approach by employing Large Language Models (LLMs) instruction fine-tuned with a novel combination of instruction-based techniques and quantized low-rank adaptation (QLoRA) compression. Our methodology integrates `base factors', such as financial metric growth and earnings transcripts, with `external factors', including recent market indices performances and analyst grades, to create a rich, supervised dataset. This comprehensive dataset enables our models to achieve superior predictive performance in terms of accuracy, weighted F1, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), especially evident in the comparison with benchmarks such as GPT-4. We specifically highlight the efficacy of the llama-3-8b-Instruct-4bit model, which showcases significant improvements over baseline models. The paper also discusses the potential of expanding the output capabilities to include a `Hold' option and extending the prediction horizon, aiming to accommodate various investment styles and time frames. This study not only demonstrates the power of integrating cutting-edge AI with fine-tuned financial data but also paves the way for future research in enhancing AI-driven financial analysis tools.
Search for Sources of Systematic Error in Astrometric Measurements of the Cosmological Constant
Authors: Overholt Michael
Published: November 2024

Among the theoretical problems with the prevailing theory of cosmology, Lambda Cold Dark Matter (λCDM), the most serious appears to be the twofold problem with the cosmological constant lambda: Dark Energy and Hubble Tension. Despite a two-decade search for systematic errors in astrometry the problems have not been resolved. This paper posits a potential source of error that may have affected astrometry related to the current and past measurements of lambda.
Bacillus lumedeiriae sp. nov., a Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Rod Isolated from a Pharmaceutical Facility Production Environment and Added to the MALDI Biotyper® Database
Authors: Costa Luciana Veloso da , Ramos Juliana Nunes , Albuquerque Leticia de Sousa , Miranda Rebeca Vitoria da Silva Lage de , Valadao Talita Bernardo , Veras Joao Flavio Carneiro , Vieira Erica Miranda Damasio , Forsythe Stephen James , Brandão Marcelo Luiz Lima , Viana Vieira Verônica
Published: November 2024

A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and spore forming bacterium strain designation B190/17, was isolated from an air monitoring sample of a Brazilian immunobiological production facility in 2017. The strain was not identifiable by biochemical methodology VITEK® 2 or by MALDI-TOF MS with VITEK® MS RUO and MALDI Biotyper®. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed 98.51% similarity with Bacillus wudalianchiensis FJAT 27215T, 98.28% with ‘Bacillus aerolatus’ CX 253T, 97.96% with Bacillus badius MTCC 1458T, 97.63% with Bacillus xiapuensis FJAT 46582T and 97.21% with Bacillus thermotolerans SGZ8T. Biochemical data showed the strain was alanine arylamidase, Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase, ELLMAN (cysteine residues), leucine arylamidase, phenyalanine arylamidase and tyrosine arylamidase positive. The genomic DNA G+C% content of B190/17 was 41.6 mol%. The phylogenetic, genomic taxonomy and biochemical tests suggested that B190/17 represents a novel species and should be classified as the type strain of a novel Bacillus species. The name Bacillus lumedeiriae sp. nov. is proposed. After characterization, B190/17 was added to the MALDI Biotyper® database as Bacillus lumedeiriae sp. nov.
A Review of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Motor Function in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sriram Srinidhi
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the use of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study motor function in patients affected with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explore moderate to severe TBI (Galgano et al., 2017), an injury negatively affecting and impacting a person's ability to perform regular and familiar tasks. TBI significantly affects motor function, primarily speech and movement. The purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of various studies, summarize important information, determine whether results from similar studies using different fNIRS methods show consistent results, explain discrepancies in the data, and learn from the common limitations found while studying motor impairment in patients with TBI, with the help of fNIRS.
"Advaita, Quantum Physics, and the Nature of Consciousness: A Philosophical Dialogue"
Authors: Verma Ranjeet Kumar
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the intersection between Advaita Vedanta's non-dualistic conception of consciousness and the evolving field of quantum physics, offering a dialogue between ancient metaphysical insights and modern scientific thought. Advaita Vedanta, an Indian philosophical tradition, posits that consciousness is the fundamental reality, transcending the material world, which it views as an illusion, or Maya. Similarly, contemporary developments in quantum physics challenge the classical materialistic worldview by revealing that reality, at its most fundamental level, is interconnected, probabilistic, and observer-dependent. This philosophical dialogue aims to bridge these two domains by examining how quantum phenomena, such as wave-particle duality, non-locality, and the observer effect, resonate with Advaita’s concept of Brahman as the ultimate, non-dual consciousness.
By exploring parallels between these seemingly disparate fields, this paper questions the limitations of materialistic interpretations of consciousness and proposes that quantum physics could offer a scientific framework to support Advaita’s assertion that consciousness is the substratum of reality. The discussion further investigates how the observer effect in quantum mechanics might align with the Advaitic principle that reality is shaped by consciousness. This study contributes to contemporary debates in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of science by proposing a unified model of consciousness that transcends dualistic divisions between mind and matter, advancing the possibility of a deeper metaphysical understanding of the universe.
Assessing the Impact of Barthes' Semiotic Theory on Floods: A Case Study of the River Vez Basin in Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Glória Salgado , Trindade Jorge Manuel
Published: November 2024

This study uses Barthes' Semiotic Theory to examine flood narratives in Portugal’s River Vez basin, emphasizing the cultural dimensions of flood perception and mythmaking. By analysing local narratives, specialized literature, and comparative data-driven studies, it decodes the symbolic meanings that shape community responses and resilience to floods. Findings reveal that, while predictive science is crucial for flood management, integrating socio-cultural insights and strategic policy planning enriches resilience by aligning technical measures with local perceptions. The se-miotic approach not only enhances communication between authorities and affected communities but also offers a critical perspective for evaluating technical models that may overlook social im-pacts. Future research should expand on interdisciplinary methods that merge technology with cultural insights, supporting inclusive, adaptive flood risk management in a changing climate.
Using the Expectancy-Value-Cost Framework for Making More Engaging and Motivating Decisions on Tech-Based Innovation Education Teams
Authors: Neto Alvaro Magnum Barbosa , Araujo Cristiano , Tedesco Patricia , Carvalho Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a model and tool designed to aid undergraduate students in making
better team-based decisions by considering their motivation and engagement. Collaborative tech-
based projects require numerous decisions impacting team dynamics, including expectations, values,
and costs, potentially causing demotivation and disengagement. Supported by theories like Self-
Determination Theory and the Conflict-Theory Model of Decision-Making, this study identifies
decision-related factors contributing to negative outcomes such as delays, dissatisfaction, low grades,
and dropouts. The proposed MO-DM (Motivation-Oriented Decision-Making) model assesses how
project decisions affect student motivation and engagement. For example, choosing a programming
language by evaluating its impact on team motivation. This model anticipates demotivation, allowing
monitoring by teachers and peers. Based on a systematic literature review and research involving
209 students, tools like EVC, AMS, SCEQ, and AI for analyzing student interactions were used.
Results showed a 12.51% increase in overall student motivation and engagement, with a 16.67% rise
in intrinsic motivation (SDI). Student feedback was 82.86% positive, with 85.71% agreement (Fleiss’
Kappa). Pearson correlation coefficients exceeded 0.92, indicating strong consistency. The model
is effective in enhancing motivation and engagement in collaborative decision-making contexts,
applicable in academic and professional environments. An open-source, public tool was created to
implement the model, with a presentation available here.
Quantifying the Rainy Season in the Brazilian Northeast Through a Modification of the Relative Entropy Method
Authors: Stosic Borko , Djurdjević Vladimir , Tošić Ivana , Silva Antonio Samuel Alves da , Stosic Tatijana
Published: November 2024

In this work we introduce a modification of the Relative Entropy method in order to perform geographically explicit quantification of the rainy season across the Brazilian Northeast (NE). We apply this novel approach to data from the ERA5-land project for the period 1980 to 2022, with ~9 km spatial resolution, to obtain the strength of seasonality, duration of the rainy season (in months), and center of the rainy season, throughout the NE, on both the ERA5-Land grid and municipality level. Our results agree well with results of a number of other works for several municipalities and regions within the NE. We also provide user-friendly software with Graphical User Interface for ease of extraction of rainy season parameters (strength, duration and the center of the rainy season), together with the monthly precipitation series for any point, or municipality average.
Zn-Ferrite and Hematite Dispersed by SBA-15 Silica Grains: Nature, Accessibility and Shape of Supported Oxides Particles: Activity Tests Performed with Visible Light for Advanced Oxidation Process (in Water) on One Antibiotic AMX
Authors: Jezzini Aya , Davidson Anne , Wallez Gilles , Greneche Jean-Marc , Hamieh Tayssir , Toufaily Joumana
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles of ZnFe2O4 or hematite of different sizes and shapes are obtained using the two-solvent method (cyclohexane, water) on SBA-15 silica batches. Calcination is performed in air at 700°C with a rate of 2°C by min and quenching for a rapid cooling down until room-temperature. The two inorganic oxides varieties are selected because they are less soluble in water than magnetite and a true heterogeneous reaction can be studied without having a significant parallel homogeneous reaction occurring because of the formation of Fe (II) ions by corrosion (limited Fenton reaction). Their photocatalytic activity is compared under visible light irradiation from a LED lamp, using O2 from air as an oxidizing agent. No H2O2 addition is necessary. We have studied the decomposition of the broad-spectrum antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) by following the intensity of its signature peak in UV visible spectra and by HPLC chromatography with a C18 column. The photocatalytic activation was demonstrated by measurements performed in the dark also for 225 min. The photocatalytic reaction generates hydroxyl (°OH) and superoxide radicals that yield to a rapid AMX decomposition. An absorption of 7% of AMX occurs within the first 30 minutes of the catalytic test.
Perspectives on the Use of Echinocandins in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dermitzaki Niki , Balomenou Foteini , Gialamprinou Dimitra , Giapros Vasileios , Rallis Dimitrios , Baltogianni Maria
Published: November 2024

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population, especially low birth weight and critically ill neonates, is at risk of invasive Candida infections, which are associated with high mortality rates and unfavorable long-term outcomes. The timely initiation of an appropriate antifungal treatment has been demonstrated to enhance the prognosis. Factors that should be considered in the choice of an antifungal agent include the causative Candida strain, the presence and location of deep tissue infection, previous use of antifungal prophylaxis, and the presence of implanted devices. Amphotericin B and fluconazole, the first-line drugs for neonatal candidiasis, are not always suitable due to several limitations in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. Therefore, alternative antifungals have been studied and used in neonates when conventional antifungals are ineffective or contraindicated. This review aims to provide an overview of the current literature regarding the use of echinocandins in the neonatal population. The three echinocandins, micafungin, caspofungin, and anidulafungin, share characteristics that make them useful for the treatment of neonatal candidiasis, including activity against a wide range of Candida strains and Candida biofilms and a favorable safety profile.
Dietary Phytic Acid, Dephytinisation and Phytase Supplementation Alter Micronutrient Bioavailability – a Literature Review of Human Interventions
Authors: Chondrou Thiresia , Adamidi Nikoleta , Lygouras Dimosthenis , Hirota Simon A , Androutsos Odysseas , Svolos Vaios
Published: November 2024

Background: Phytic acid is abundant in plant-based diets and acts as a micronutrient inhibitor for humans and non-ruminant animals. Phytases are enzymes that break down phytic acid, releasing micronutrients and enhancing their bioavailability, particularly iron and zinc. Deficiencies in iron and zinc are significant public health problems, especially among populations with disease-associated malnutrition or those in developing countries consuming phytic acid-rich diets. This literature review aimed to summarize findings from human intervention studies on the interactions between phytic acid, phytase and micronutrient bioavailability. Methods: An extensive PubMed search (01/01/1990 to 08/02/2024) was conducted using MeSH terms (phytic acid, phytase, IP6, "inositol hexaphosphate," micronutrient, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc). Eligible studies included human intervention trials investigating the bioavailability of micronutrients following a) phytase supplementation, b) consumption of phytic acid-rich foods, or c) consumption of dephytinised foods. In vitro, animal, cross-sectional, and non-English studies were excluded. Results: 3055 articles were identified. After title and full-text review, 40 articles were eligible. Another 2 were identified after cross-checking reference lists from included papers, resulting in 42 included articles. Most studies exploring the efficacy of exogenous phytase (9 of 11, 82%) or the efficacy of food dephytinisation (11 of 14, 79%) demonstrated augmented iron and zinc bioavailability. In agreement with this, most phytic acid-rich food feeding studies (13 of 17, 77%) showed compromised iron and zinc bioavailability. Conclusions: Strong evidence supports decreased iron and zinc bioavailability in phytic acid-rich diets and significant improvements with phytase interventions. Studies exploring these effects for longer periods and within larger populations are needed.
A Paradigm Shift for Computer Science Curriculum: How CS Faculty Can Effectively Incorporate Generative AI Tools into the Classroom
Authors: Schultz Brittney
Published: November 2024

OpenAI launched a tool in the Fall of 2022 that would, intentionally or otherwise, threaten the educational system at its foundation. As students gained access to ChatGPT on their browsers and mobile phones, the temptation to ask for help with schoolwork and the resulting impact raised concerns for student learning and accusations of plagiarism. These tools disrupt the very definition of what it means to write code, challenging the perception that software developers create human-authored original works. Two years later and educators are still resisting generative AI as a learning tool while strategies for adoption are sparse. It is imperative that faculty gain an informed perception of generative AI as a learning tool in their field of study, as these tools are not going away, students are desiring to use them, and employers are specifically hiring for these skills. Without proper guidelines, the advantages for students with generative AI vs students without it creates an equity gap that cannot be allowed. Therefore, proper studies must be conducted where students are empowered with generative AI and early results are shared. In a Fall 2024 pilot, Computer Science students in a second semester programming course completed project work by collaborating with generative AI. The vast majority of these students claimed to have experienced improved learning with generative AI and recommend its continued use in the course for future students. In this study, strategies for educators to adopt generative AI as a learning tool are explored and students’ impressions and desires for the use of generative AI are showcased.
The Use of Potent Populations of Expanded Fetal Human Placental Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate Induced Colitis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Gorodetsky Raphael , Hailu Lazmi Astar , Volinsky Evgenia , Adani Boaz , Papo Orit , Israeli Eran
Published: November 2024

Inflammatory Bowel Diseas21e (IBD) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal condition that encompasses two major forms of intestinal inflammation: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both conditions are linked to auto-inflammatory reactions and genetic predispositions, Various drug therapies and biological treatments proposed to reduce IBD associated inflammation. We induced IBD in a mouse model by stimulating bowel inflammation with oral dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) beverage. Our novel cell therapy approach for IBD involves intramuscular (IM) and intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of non-matched, expanded, potent xenogeneic fetal human mesenchymal stromal cells (f-hPSCs) in 2 × 10⁶ cell injections. This cell therapy has already shown previously to induce pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects in different systemic and local disorders. In the current study, IP-injected f-hPSCs, following DSS-induced IBD, enhanced the regenerative processes of the damaged bowel and reduced inflammation, leading to rapid weight regain and decreased inflammation-associated parameters, such as colon edema, bowel shortening, and a threefold increase in bowel mass. Although both IP and IM delivery of f-hPSCs were effective, IP injections produced a superior response. The f-hPSCs injected mice lost only ~15% of their weight at the peak of the IBD damage, compared to ~25% in untreated mice. A reduction in the inflammatory response of the gut was observed, evidenced by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration as measured by a myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Additionally, a significant improvement in the histological score of the gut and faster recovery to 90% of its original size were recorded. These findings suggest that f-hPSCs treatments could serve as an effective and safe anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative treatment for IBD.
Advancements and Challenges in Malaria Diagnostics
Authors: Chauhan Vinit , Anand Rajesh , Singh Agam P.
Published: November 2024

Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium spp. and it is transmitted to humans when infected female Anopheles mosquito bite or feed for blood meal. According to World Health Organization, an estimated 249 million malaria incidences were reported in 2022. Diagnostic methods are vital for dealing with the global malaria burden and declining malaria incidence. The diagnosis by microscopy is considered a gold standard; however, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become a primary diagnostic test in many malaria endemic areas. RDT have many advantages like fast preparation and diagnosis results, easy handling, low-cost diagnosis, species identification. But this most implemented method is also not free of disadvantages. The deletion of pfHRP2/3, low sensitivity with low parasite levels, cross-reactivity and prozone effect are certain disadvantages of RDTs. In addition to microscopy and RDTs molecular methods have also been developed. The Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) has fast preparation and diagnosis results with high specificity, however, the requirement of fluorescent microscope and expert personnel along with the low sensitivity under field conditions are the disadvantages. Another molecular technique such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provides results with higher specificity and sensitivity but have drawbacks in terms of requirements of specialized instrumentation and difficult implementation in endemic areas. On the other hand the mass spectrometry based diagnostic have certain drawbacks like low sensitivity and requirement of specialized costly instruments and reagents. Another molecular method based on flow cytometry has advantages like quantification of infected erythrocytes and automated parasite level calculations. However, low sensitivity, specialized instrumentation and difficult implementation in endemic areas are the dragging forces behind its large scale implications in diagnosis of malaria. Recently malaria diagnosis based on artificial intelligence system such as Artificial intelligence based object detection system (AIDMAN), Automated AI-based Microscopy (Easy Go scan) and smart phone based application for malaria diagnosis (Malaria Screener & PVF-Net) have been developed which can be implemented in the fields once the high sensitivity and specificity is achieved. Thus, there is an urgent need of the development of malaria diagnostic tools which has minimal disadvantage and show high sensitivity and specificity on the one hand and low cost on the other hand. Recently the gene deletions events have created a vacuum which can be filled with more advanced RDT. Recently we have identified a T-cell immunomodulatory protein which is secreted in the blood of infected mice and can be detected by ELISA. The RDT implying the T-cell immunomodulatory protein of P. falciparum is being developed in our lab, which may have advantages over other RDTs.
Bio-Engineered Plant-produced Antigens, Self-Administered for Oral Vaccination: A Cottage Industry for Vaccines for Less Affluent Nations?
Authors: Datta Shoumen Palit Austin
Published: November 2024

In this unconventional and non-systematic re-view, we re-present published results indicating that transgenic plants engineered to express (foreign) antigens show significant levels of mRNA (from viral coding region) and viral antigen (protein) in plant tissues (leaves). Oral administration of plant-produced antigens were immuno-stimulatory in humans, capable of conferring immunity from the viral infection (specific for the viral antigen bioengineered for expression in plant). Use of antigen-containing plant products for oral (or sublingual) administration does not require purification. The plant “paste” may be sufficient (?) for immunizing humans (and animals). Scientific evidence supports advocacy for oral administration of “raw” plant-based products (sublingual) without purification. Implementing this proposal may accelerate the pace of global vaccination and preventive healthcare for less affluent communities by [0] eliminating the need for purification,[1] eliminating the need for “cold” supply chain logistics, [2] eliminating the dependency on medical professionals for vaccination and [3] eliminating supply chain fulfillment dependencies by growing the antigen-producing “potted plants” in community gardens or at home, as a vaccine cottage industry. Communities may also brew the cottage industry for transgenic plants producing antigens as an entrepreneurial innovation endeavor and/or social business for vaccines. The latter, if built on pillars of ethical profitability, is expected to prioritize science as a service to society to improve access to global public goods with respect to health and healthcare.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Olfactory Bulb in the Cat
Authors: Alvites Rui , Caine Abby , Cherubini Giunio Bruto , P. Varejão Artur  Severo , Maurício Ana C.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to morphologically and dimensionally characterize the cat's olfactory bulb and to establish potential relationships with the cranial conformation, based on the study of in vivo MRI images. Midsagittal and transverse T2-weighted images of the head of 40 cats subjected to MRI were selected. For each animal, the skull index was calculated to classify the cranial conformation. Then, for the olfactory bulb, the angle was calculated, the orientation was determined, and the sagittal section area was measured. It was established that animals classified as brachycephalic have more compact olfactory bulbs, with smaller cross-sectional areas, ventral orientation and smaller angles established with the line that goes from the hard palate and the intercondylar notch of the foramen magnum. Animals classified as dolichocephalic have more globose and wider olfactory bulbs, dorsal orientation and larger angles. Mesocephalic animals present an intermediate position. Males and younger adult animals have olfactory bulbs with larger cross-sectional areas than females and older animals. This work allowed to characterize the olfactory bulb in the cat, and the correlations identified with other head structures open doors for the use of the bulb as an early indicator for the establishment of alterations of varied etiology.
Celiac Disease—New Insights in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Kowalski Marek , Domżał-Magrowska Danuta , Malecka-Wojciesko Ewa Izabela
Published: November 2024

Celiac disease is defined as a systemic immunological disorder caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, who have a variety of gluten-dependent symptoms, specific antibodies, HLA DQ2 and DQ8 histocompatibility antigen presence and enteropathy. Celiac disease is considered one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Its prevalence, depending on the studied population and methodology, is estimated at 0.75-1.6% of the general population.Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that develops as a result of the interaction of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. During the complex immune reaction, most of the cells involved in inflammatory processes are activated, which leads to the gradual atrophy of intestinal villi and the proliferation of enterocytes within the intestinal crypts. The pathogenesis of celiac disease is extremely complicated and is still being studied.According to the current guidelines, in order to correctly diagnose celiac disease, the following criteria should be taken into account: clinical symptoms (intestinal and extraintestinal), presence of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase in the IgA class, taking into account the level of total IgA and presence of typical histological changes in a duodenal bioptates.The important clinical challenge is the diet-resistant celiac disease, causing the severe complications,Currently, the basic method of treating celiac disease is an elimination diet (i.e. exclusion of products that may contain gluten from the diet), however, new therapeutic strategies are still being sought, mainly based on supplementation of exogenous endopeptidases, modification of the immune response, the use of zonulin inhibitors and transglutaminase 2 inhibitors. Clinical trials of new drugs are ongoing. The gradually expanding knowledge of the pathogenesis of celiac disease may allow the development of new therapeutic strategies both for patients with a mild course of the disease as well as those diet-resistant.
Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Spodoptera Frugiperda Reveals Stage-Specific Gene Expression and P450-Mediated Adaptation Mechanisms
Authors: Cheng Ziqi , Huang Zhe , Yan Bin , Huang Xing , Mei Yang
Published: November 2024

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a significant agricultural pest with a broad host range and adaptability, posing challenges to pest management worldwide. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning their development and resilience, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis across nine developmental stages, spanning from the 1st instar larvae to adult forms. Utilizing differential expression analysis and time-series clustering, we identified 6,834 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), uncovering key stage-specific expression patterns. Notably, 3,072 stage-specific genes (SSGs) were defined using the Tau index, highlighting their roles in development and physiological adaptation. Functional enrichment revealed that the 6th instar stage prioritizes pathways related to growth and tissue remodeling, while adult males emphasize reproductive and sensory functions. Furthermore, we characterized 104 cytochrome P450 (P450) genes, showcasing distinct temporal expression patterns critical for detoxification and metabolic processes. A tandem array of P450 genes on chromosome 13 was identified, suggesting a coordinated mechanism enhancing insecticide resistance. Our findings shed light on the complex genetic regulation that facilitates the developmental transitions and adaptive capabilities of S. frugiperda. These insights offer potential molecular targets for innovative pest management strategies aimed at mitigating the widespread impact of this pest.
First report of the peach leaf spot caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in China
Authors: Li Huan , Wang Han , Ishfaq Shumila , Guo Wei
Published: November 2024

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a globally significant fruit valued for its high edible and ornamental qualities. Peach leaf spot disease has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, negatively affecting fruit quality and aesthetic appeal. During the summer of 2024, symptoms of leaf spots were observed on peach trees in an orchard in Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, China. Leaf samples displaying typical spot symptoms were collected from peach orchards, and the pathogenic agents were isolated. Based on their morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, the isolated and purified fungus SCBZPP6 was identified as Nigrospora sphaerica. Fur-thermore, the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus was verified via Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. sphaerica causing leaf spot on peach in China.
Shedding of GPP130 by PC7 and Furin: Implication in Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Prabhala Priyanka , Duval Stephanie , Evagelidis Alexandra , Le Dévéhat Mailys , Sachan Vatsal , Seidah Nabil
Published: November 2024

From a previously performed proteomics screen, GPP130, or Golgi phosphoprotein of 130 kDa, was identified as a potential substrate of the proprotein convertase 7 (PC7; PCSK7). GPP130 is a type-II transmembrane protein with a luminal domain containing endosomal and Golgi-retrieval determinants, enabling a unique trafficking route. Most of the previous work on GPP130 relates to its binding and retrograde trafficking of the Shiga toxin. Recently, GPP130 was reported to be implicated in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in head and neck cancer cells. This led us to analyze the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, revealing that the GPP130/GOLIM4 gene is amplified in up to 35% of patients with lung cancer. This observation led us to use the A549 lung cancer cell line to investigate the growth-regulating roles of endogenous and overexpressed GPP130 and to analyze the impact of its cleavage/shedding by PC7 and/or Furin on cellular growth. Our cell-based assays suggest that GPP130 increases cell proliferation and that the latter activity is enhanced following its cleavage by PC7 and/or Furin into a membrane-bound N-terminal product and secreted C-terminal fragments. This work sheds light on the proliferative activity of GPP130 and its modulation upon its shedding by PC7 and Furin in lung cancer progression.
100K SNP Panel Identifies the Genetic Characteristics of Spring Wheat Cultivars from a High-Altitude Region of China
Authors: Yao Yanlin , Liu Na , Ma Wenyan , Liang Yunlong , Li Yun , Cao Dong , Liu Baolong
Published: November 2024

Uncovering the genetic characteristics of important traits in wheat cultivars is essential for targeted wheat breeding. Here, a liquid 100K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip panel, integrating markers of known function, was selected and used to analyze genetic characteristics for 115 spring wheat cultivars from a high-altitude region of China. A total of 102 reported functional markers closely related to important traits were identified, including 54 related to yield and grain quality and 33 associated with disease resistance and stress tolerance. Of the cultivars, 58.3% contained multiple marker genes, ranging in number between 20 and 29. Genetic structure analysis revealed that the cultivars were grouped into five subgroup. Genome-wide association studies identified 218 significant loci on 20 chromosomes, with the exception of chromosome 3D, associated with nine traits and which explained 14.15%–29% of phenotypic variance, with 199 potential candidate genes being annotated for the nine traits studied. Notably, 21 previously unidentified candidate genes, with associated SNPs, were closely associated with seven traits, explaining 14.26%–19.86% of the phenotypic variance. The current study revealed the genetic characteristics of spring wheat cultivars from a high-altitude region of China. This will provide a reference for spring wheat breeding for high-altitude regions and promote the fine-mapping of new genetic loci controlling important traits.
High Background Radiation, Lower Risks: Rethinking Radiation's Role in Cancer through a Novel Murine Study
Authors: Mortazavi SJM , Azarpira Negar , Arshadi Maryam , Baha'addin Batool Faegheh , Baigy Zarandi Baigy Zarandi , Welsh James S , Haghani Masood , Jooyan Najmeh , Nematollahi Samaneh , Fallah Amir Ali , Mortazavi Alireza , Farshidfar Zahra , Sihver Lembit
Published: November 2024

Natural background radiation, a ubiquitous environmental component, varies geographically due to factors such as geological formations and human activities. Radionuclides within the Earth's crust, contributing to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), undergo spontaneous decay, impacting biological systems. This study investigates the effects of natural radiation in high-level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs), particularly examining its potential impact on cancer development and progression. This study utilized 32 C57BL/6 mice, exposed to varying levels of natural radiation in Ramsar, Iran. The mice were divided into four groups, each exposed to different radiation intensities for two months. Following exposure, 1×10^6 B16-F10 melanoma cells were injected into each mouse. Tumor growth was monitored over 24 days, with MRI imaging used to evaluate tumor morphology and progression. Our findings challenge the prevailing Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model by demonstrating that high background radiation does not necessarily correlate with increased cancer growth. In fact, mice in the highest radiation group (100X Bkg) showed non significant reductions in tumor size and rates of progression compared to the control group. Furthermore, survival rates in the 100X Bkg group were markedly higher, suggesting a potential protective effect against melanoma progression under high-radiation conditions. The implications of our study are profound, suggesting that enhanced natural radiation exposure may exert a protective biological effect against the growth of certain cancers. These results not only invite a reevaluation of current radiation safety standards but also contribute to the broader oncological discourse by challenging established radiobiological paradigms. This research underscores the necessity of revisiting public health policies regarding radiation safety and highlights the potential for natural radiation exposure to influence cancer biology in ways previously unrecognized.
Machine Learning-Enhanced Monitoring and Anomaly Detection in DWDM Networks
Authors: Abisheva Tolganai , Kaldybek Damira , Baikenov Alimzhan , Yermekbayev Muratbek , Abramkina Olga
Published: November 2024

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) networks are pivotal in modern optical communications, facilitating high data capacity by transmitting multiple wavelengths along a single optical fiber. Ensuring optimal network performance and reliability requires close monitoring of crucial signal characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), chromatic dispersion, nonlinear effects, and modulation types. However, traditional monitoring approaches often demand sophisticated and costly equipment, limiting their scalability. This paper proposes an innovative machine learning (ML)-based solution for enhanced signal monitoring and anomaly detection within DWDM networks. Utilizing K-means clustering for data categorization and feature extraction, alongside Support Vector Machine (SVM) for effective signal classification and anomaly detection, this approach provides scalable real-time monitoring while minimizing dependency on complex hardware. Additionally, this ML-driven framework allows for proactive network management, offering dynamic adaptability to network fluctuations. Our study emphasizes the promise of machine learning in optical network monitoring, paving the way for intelligent, self-optimizing systems that can support evolving communication demands and maintain superior service quality.
A STEMI Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock due to Simultaneous Acute Thrombosis of Two Coronary Vessels in the ‘Deadly Double Infarct Syndrome’: A Case Report and Discussion of Literature
Authors: Guarnieri Gianluca , Mele Daniela , Briguglia Daniele , Medda Massimo , Conte Edoardo , Bartorelli Antonio Luca , Andreini Daniele
Published: November 2024

Introduction: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, commonly caused by acute thrombosis over atherosclerotic plaques. This report presents a rare case of simultaneous acute thrombosis in two coronary arteries, leading to STEMI associated with cardiogenic shock.
Case Presentation: A 58-year-old male with a history of hypertension, type II diabetes, and heavy smoking presented with two days of chest pain and was found in cardiogenic shock upon arrival. His ECG showed ST-segment elevation in AVR and ischemia, while echocardiography revealed severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF 20%). Emergency coronary angiography identified significant occlusions in both the proximal circumflex branch and left anterior descending artery (LAD). Despite successful thrombus aspiration and stenting, the patient developed serious complications, including infections, pleural effusions, and paralytic ileus. After nearly two months in the intensive coronary care unit with persistent heart failure, he was referred for evaluation of left ventricular assist device implantation.
Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges of managing cardiogenic shock in simultaneous thrombotic events in STEMI, underscoring the need for rapid intervention and tailored management strategies in critically ill patients. Further research is necessary to optimize revascularization approaches and improve outcomes in similar cases.
Effects of Lack of Basic Sanitation in Maricá Municipality (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil) and Resulting Endocrine Disruptors Dissemination Through Local Environments: Subsidies for Local Environmental Management
Authors: Gil Moises Leão , da Fonseca Estefan Monteiro , Pierri Bruno Silva , Delgado Jessica de Freitas , Lima Leonardo da Silva , Cunha Danieli L. , Correa Thulio Rigeti , Neves Charles Vieira , Bila Daniele Maia
Published: November 2024

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are emerging pollutants that can potentially accumulate in aquatic ecosystems at significant levels, with the potential to impact the health of both animals and humans. Many scientists have correlated human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with critical physiological impacts, including infertility, thyroid imbalance, early sexual development, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Several substances, such as heavy metals, belong to this family, ranging from natural to synthetic compounds, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds. Domestic sewage represents a significant source of EDCs in the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. To this day, most rural and urban domestic wastewater in the municipality of Marica is directly discharged into local aquatic environments without any treatment. The present study aimed to assess the potential contamination of the riverine and lagoonal environment in the municipality of Marica. Water and sediment samples were collected seasonally at 18 sites along the Maricá watershed and the main lagoon, where most of the watershed contributors flow. Water physico-chemical parameters (pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen levels, salinity, turbidity, temperature, and fecal coliforms) were analyzed to characterize the urban influence on the aquatic environment. Simultaneously, sediment samples were analyzed for grain size, total organic carbon percentage, and the potential bioavailable fraction of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, and As). Finally, the sediment toxicity was assessed using YES assays. The results obtained already demonstrate the presence of estrogenic effects and raise concerns about water quality. The findings from the present study suggest that, despite the absence of agricultural and industrial activities in the city of Maricá, EDCs are already present and have the potential to impact the local ecosystem, posing potential risks to human health.
The RNA Revolution in the Central Molecular Biology Dogma Evolution
Authors: Haseltine William A. , Patarca Roberto
Published: November 2024

Human genome projects in the 1990s identified about 20,000 protein-coding sequences. We are now in the RNA revolution, propelled by the realization that genes determine phenotype beyond the foundational central molecular biology dogma stating that inherited linear pieces of DNA are transcribed to RNAs and translated into proteins. Crucially, over 95% of the genome, initially considered junk DNA between protein-coding genes, encodes essential, functionally diverse non-protein-coding RNAs, raising the gene count by at least one order of magnitude. Most inherited phenotype-determining changes in DNA are in regulatory areas that control RNA and regulatory sequences. RNAs can directly or indirectly determine phenotypes by regulating protein and RNA function, transferring information within and between organisms, and generating DNA. RNAs also exhibit high structural, functional, and biomolecular interaction plasticity and are modified via editing, methylation, glycosylation, and other mechanisms, which bestow them with diverse intra- and extracellular functions without altering the underlying DNA. RNA is, therefore, currently considered the primary determinant of cellular to populational functional diversity, disease-linked and biomolecular structural variations, and cell function regulation. As demonstrated by RNA-based coronavirus vaccines’ success, RNA technology is transforming medicine, agriculture, and industry, as did the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1980s.
Unifocalization of Major Aorto-Pulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCAs) and Native Pulmonary Arteries in Infancy – Application of 3D Printing and Virtual Reality
Authors: Kolcz Jacek , Szeliga Judyta , Rudek - Budzyńska Anna , Grandys Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Background. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are rare remnants of pulmonary circulation embryological development usually associated with complex congenital anomalies of the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary arteries. Effective management requires surgical unifocalization of MAPCAs and native pulmonary arteries (NPAs). Traditional imaging may lack the spatial clarity needed for precise surgical planning.
Aim. This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual reality (VR) into preoperative planning to improve surgical precision, team communication, and parental understanding. In a prospective cohort study, nine infants undergoing MAPCAs unifocalization were included. Four patients underwent conventional imaging-based planning (control), while five were additionally assessed using VR and 3D-printed models (intervention). Outcomes measured included operative times, team confidence, collaboration, and parental satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using standard tests.
Results. The intervention group had shorter operative and cardiopulmonary bypass times compared to the control group. Intraoperative complications were absent in the VR/3D group but occurred in the control group. Medical staff in the VR/3D group reported significantly improved understanding of anatomy, surgical preparedness, and team collaboration (p < 0.05). Parents also expressed higher satisfaction, with better comprehension of their child’s anatomy and surgical plan.
Conclusion. VR and 3D printing enhanced preoperative planning, surgical precision, and communication, proving valuable for complex congenital heart surgery. These technologies offer promising potential to improve clinical outcomes and patient-family experiences, meriting further investigation in larger studies.