bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key processes for the eastward propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation based on multimodel simulations
Authors: Jiang Xianan
Published: January 2017

As a prominent climate variability mode with widespread influences on global weather extremes, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in the latest generation of general circulation models (GCMs), with a particular challenge in simulating its eastward propagating convective signals. In this study, by analyzing multimodel simulations from a recent global MJO model evaluation project, an effort is made to identify key processes for the eastward propagation of the MJO through analyses of moisture entropy (ME) processes under a “moisture mode” framework for the MJO. The column‐integrated horizontal ME advection is found to play a critical role for the eastward propagation of the MJO in both observations and good MJO models, with a primary contribution through advection of the lower tropospheric seasonal mean ME by the MJO anomalous circulations. By contrast, the horizontal ME advection effect for the eastward propagation is greatly underestimated in poor MJO GCMs, due to model deficiencies in simulating both the seasonal mean ME pattern and MJO circulations, leading to a largely stationary MJO mode in these GCMs. These results thus pinpoint an important guidance toward improved representation of the MJO in climate and weather forecast models. While this study mainly focuses on fundamental physics for the MJO propagation over the Indian Ocean, complex influences by the Maritime Continent on the MJO and also ME processes associated with the MJO over the western Pacific warrant further investigations.
Multiinstrument observations of a geomagnetic storm and its effects on the Arctic ionosphere: A case study of the 19 February 2014 storm
Authors: Durgonics Tibor , Komjathy Attila , Verkhoglyadova Olga , Shume Esayas B. , Benzon Hans‐Henrik , Mannucci Anthony J. , Butala Mark D. , Høeg Per , Langley Richard B.
Published: January 2017

We present a multiinstrumented approach for the analysis of the Arctic ionosphere during the 19 February 2014 highly complex, multiphase geomagnetic storm, which had the largest impact on the disturbance storm‐time index that year. The geomagnetic storm was the result of two powerful Earth‐directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It produced a strong long lasting negative storm phase over Greenland with a dominant energy input in the polar cap. We employed global navigation satellite system (GNSS) networks, geomagnetic observatories, and a specific ionosonde station in Greenland. We complemented the approach with spaceborne measurements in order to map the state and variability of the Arctic ionosphere. In situ observations from the Canadian CASSIOPE (CAScade, Smallsat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer) satellite's ion mass spectrometer were used to derive ion flow data from the polar cap topside ionosphere during the event. Our research specifically found that (1) thermospheric O/N2 measurements demonstrated significantly lower values over the Greenland sector than prior to the storm time. (2) An increased ion flow in the topside ionosphere was observed during the negative storm phase. (3) Negative storm phase was a direct consequence of energy input into the polar cap. (4) Polar patch formation was significantly decreased during the negative storm phase. This paper addresses the physical processes that can be responsible for this ionospheric storm development in the northern high latitudes. We conclude that ionospheric heating due to the CME's energy input caused changes in the polar atmosphere resulting in Ne upwelling, which was the major factor in high‐latitude ionosphere dynamics for this storm.
TSC2/Rheb signaling mediates ERK‐dependent regulation of mTORC1 activity in C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Miyazaki Mitsunori , Takemasa Tohru
Published: January 2017

The enhanced rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells results in a net increase in total protein content that leads to skeletal muscle growth/hypertrophy. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐dependent regulation of the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and subsequent protein synthesis has been suggested as a regulatory mechanism; however, the exact molecular processes underlying such a regulation are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate regulatory mechanisms involved in the MEK/ERK‐dependent pathway leading to mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle cells. Treatment with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), a potent agonist of protein kinase C (PKC) and its downstream effector in the MEK/ERK‐dependent pathway, resulted in the activation of mTORC1 signaling and phosphorylation of the upstream regulator tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) in C2C12 myoblasts. PMA‐induced activation of mTORC1 signaling was partially prevented by treatment with U0126 (a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2) or BIX‐02189 (a selective inhibitor of MEK5) and completely blocked with BIM‐I (a selective inhibitor of upstream PKC). TSC2 phosphorylation at Ser664 (an ERK‐dependent phosphorylation site) was prevented with U0126, and BIM‐I treatment blocked PMA‐induced phosphorylation of TSC2 at multiple residues (Ser664, Ser939, and Thr1462). Overexpression of Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), a downstream target of TSC2, and an mTORC1 activator, was sufficient to activate mTORC1 signaling. We also identified that PMA‐induced activation of mTORC1 signaling was significantly inhibited in the absence of Rheb with siRNA knockdown. These observations demonstrate that the PKC/MEK/ERK‐dependent activation of mTORC1 is mediated through TSC2 phosphorylation and its downstream target Rheb in C2C12 myoblasts.
A Generic Conversion Strategy: From 2D Metal Carbides (MxCy) to M‐Self‐Doped Graphene toward High‐Efficiency Energy Applications
Authors: Kou Zongkui , Meng Tian , Guo Beibei , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Li Wenqiang , Zhang Jie , Mu Shichun
Published: January 2017

This study first presents a subtle thermal‐chlorination strategy for a universal transformation of abundant 2D metal carbides (MxCy, e.g., Cr3C2, Mo2C, NbC, and VC) to 2D graphene and M‐self‐doped graphene (MG). The as‐obtained MG endows a transparent sheet architecture of one to four atomic layers. Simultaneously, MG with different M amounts is synthesized by tuning the chlorination parameters. Among them, the novel and representative Cr‐self‐doped graphene with optimal Cr amount (4.81 at%) demonstrates the outstanding electrochemical performance. It presents an energy density of 686 W h per kg electrode and a power density of more than 391 W per kg electrode as anode material of Li ion batteries, and four‐fold activity against the commercial iridium oxide electrode toward oxygen evolution reaction as well as a comparable oxygen reduction reaction performance to the commercial platinum catalyst. Moreover, this method is readily scalable to produce graphene and MG electrode materials on industrial levels.
Design of Hierarchical NiCo@NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide Core–Shell Structured Nanotube Array for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Battery‐Type Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yan , Fu Nianqing , Zhang Guoge , Xu Ming , Lu Wei , Zhou Limin , Huang Haitao
Published: January 2017

A novel hierarchical nanotube array (NTA) with a massive layered top and discretely separated nanotubes in a core–shell structure, that is, nickel–cobalt metallic core and nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide shell (NiCo@NiCo LDH), is grown on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) by template‐assisted electrodeposition for high‐performance supercapacitor application. The synthesized NiCo@NiCo LDH NTAs/CFC shows high capacitance of 2200 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1, while 98.8% of its initial capacitance is retained after 5000 cycles. When the current density is increased from 1 to 20 A g−1, the capacitance loss is less than 20%, demonstrating excellent rate capability. A highly flexible all‐solid‐state battery‐type supercapacitor is successfully fabricated with NiCo LDH NTAs/CFC as the positive electrode and electrospun carbon fibers/CFC as the negative electrode, showing a maximum specific capacitance of 319 F g−1, a high energy density of 100 W h kg−1 at 1.5 kW kg−1, and good cycling stability (98.6% after 3000 cycles). These fascinating electrochemical properties are resulted from the novel structure of electrode materials and synergistic contributions from the two electrodes, showing great potential for energy storage applications.
Impact of achievement of complete cytogenetic response on outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with hypomethylating agents
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Strati Paolo , Cabrero Monica , O'Brien Susan , Ravandi Farhad , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Wei Qiao , Hu Jianhua , Abi Aad Simon , Short Nicholas J. , Dinardo Courtney , Daver Naval , Kadia Tapan , Wierda William , Wei Yue , Colla Simona , Borthakur Gautam , Cortes Jorge , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Two hundred and sixteen consecutive patients with MDS and abnormal karyotype treated with hypomethylating agents between 4/04 and 10/12 were reviewed. Median follow‐up was 17 months. Using IWG criteria, best responses were complete response (CR) in 79 patients (37%), partial response (PR) in 4 (2%), and hematologic improvement (HI) in 10 (5%). Cytogenetic response (CyR) was achieved in 78 patients (36%): complete (CCyR) in 62 (29%) and partial in 16 (7%). CyR was achieved in 48 of 79 patients (61%) with CR, 1 of 14 (7%) with PR/HI, and in 29 of the 123 (24%) with no morphologic response. Median overall survival (OS) and leukemia‐free survival (LFS) for patients with and without CCyR were 21 and 13 months (P = .007), and 16 and 9 months (P = .001), respectively. By multivariate analysis, the achievement of CCyR was predictive for better OS (HR = 2.1; P < .001). In conclusion, CyR occurs at a rate of 36% (complete in 29%) in patients with MDS treated with HMA and is not always associated with morphological response. The achievement of CCyR is associated with survival improvement and constitutes a major predictive factor for outcome particularly in patients without morphologic response. Therefore, the achievement of CCyR should be considered a milestone in the management of patients with MDS.
Characterization of Giant Modular PKSs Provides Insight into Genetic Mechanism for Structural Diversification of Aminopolyol Polyketides
Authors: Zhang Lihan , Hashimoto Takuya , Qin Bin , Hashimoto Junko , Kozone Ikuko , Kawahara Teppei , Okada Masahiro , Awakawa Takayoshi , Ito Takuya , Asakawa Yoshinori , Ueki Masashi , Takahashi Shunji , Osada Hiroyuki , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Ikeda Haruo , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Abe Ikuro
Published: January 2017

Polyketides form many clinically valuable compounds. However, manipulation of their biosynthesis remains highly challenging. An understanding of gene cluster evolution provides a rationale for reprogramming of the biosynthetic machinery. Herein, we report characterization of giant modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) responsible for the production of aminopolyol polyketides. Heterologous expression of over 150 kbp polyketide gene clusters successfully afforded their products, whose stereochemistry was established by taking advantage of bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of highly homologous but functionally diverse domains from the giant PKSs demonstrated the evolutionary mechanism for structural diversification of polyketides. The gene clusters characterized herein, together with their evolutionary insights, are promising genetic building blocks for de novo production of unnatural polyketides.
Genome‐Wide Association Analysis Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity of Sjögren's Syndrome According to Ancestry
Authors: Taylor Kimberly E. , Wong Quenna , Levine David M. , McHugh Caitlin , Laurie Cathy , Doheny Kimberly , Lam Mi Y. , Baer Alan N. , Challacombe Stephen , Lanfranchi Hector , Schiødt Morten , Srinivasan M. , Umehara Hisanori , Vivino Frederick B. , Zhao Yan , Shiboski Stephen C. , Daniels Troy E. , Greenspan John S. , Shiboski Caroline H. , Criswell Lindsey A.
Published: January 2017

Objective

The Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) is an international data registry and biorepository derived from a multisite observational study of participants in whom genotyping was performed on the Omni2.5M platform and who had undergone deep phenotyping using common protocol‐directed methods. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic etiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) across ancestry and disease subsets.

Methods

We performed genome‐wide association study analyses using SICCA subjects and external controls obtained from dbGaP data sets, one using all participants (1,405 cases, 1,622 SICCA controls, and 3,125 external controls), one using European participants (585, 966, and 580, respectively), and one using Asian participants (460, 224, and 901, respectively) with ancestry adjustments via principal components analyses. We also investigated whether subphenotype distributions differ by ethnicity, and whether this contributes to the heterogeneity of genetic associations.

Results

We observed significant associations in established regions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), IRF5, and STAT4 (P = 3 × 10−42, P = 3 × 10−14, and P = 9 × 10−10, respectively), and several novel suggestive regions (those with 2 or more associations at P < 1 × 10−5). Two regions have been previously implicated in autoimmune disease: KLRG1 (P = 6 × 10−7 [Asian cluster]) and SH2D2A (P = 2 × 10−6 [all participants]). We observed striking differences between the associations in Europeans and Asians, with high heterogeneity especially in the MHC; representative single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from established and suggestive regions had highly significant differences in the allele frequencies in the study populations. We showed that SSA/SSB autoantibody production and the labial salivary gland focus score criteria were associated with the first worldwide principal component, indicative of higher non‐European ancestry (P = 4 × 10−15 and P = 4 × 10−5, respectively), but that subphenotype differences did not explain most of the ancestry differences in genetic associations.

Conclusion

Genetic associations with SS differ markedly according to ancestry; however, this is not explained by differences in subphenotypes.
Evaluation of Photocurrent Generation from Different Photosynthetic Organisms
Authors: Hasan Kamrul , Grippo Valentina , Sperling Eva , Packer Michael A. , Leech Dónal , Gorton Lo
Published: January 2017

Biological photovoltaics (BPVs) are emerging as a potential sustainable energy‐generating technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Although a great variety of photosynthetic biomaterials were studied in BPVs, cyanobacteria are considered as superior candidates because of their simpler physiology. To facilitate extracellular electron transfer (EET) from cyanobacteria to electrodes is the greatest challenge to improving the performance of BPVs. However, a systematic study comparing the photo‐excited EET from such organisms is not yet reported. Here we report on a comparison of photocurrent density generated by benthic cyanobacteria, that is, two species of Leptolyngbya sp. (CAWBG62 and CAWBG100), one species from the order Chroococcales (CAWBG64), and a eukaryotic algae, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox (UKE). This algae and CAWBG100 were sourced from New Zealand, CAWBG62 and CAWBG64 were from Antarctica. We demonstrate EET mediated by three different electron transfer (ET) mediating systems on graphite electrodes. These are as follows: (I) [Os(2,2’‐(bipyridine)2(polyvinyl‐imidazole)10Cl]+/2+ (1:9) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] (II) p‐benzoquinone (PBQ) (III) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] together with PBQ. The maximum photocurrent density of 47.2 μA cm−2 was obtained from CAWBG64 mediated by (III) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] together with PBQ.
Pyrrolidine‐Containing Bisphosphonates as Potential Anti‐Resorption Bone Drugs
Authors: De Luca Lorena , Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Strukul Giorgio , Scarso Alessandro
Published: January 2017

Bisphosphonates, particularly those with N‐substituted groups, are currently the most popular drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, their chemical structures are still rather simple and new synthetic methods are needed to expand their molecular complexity and also improve their specificity of action towards other targets as anticancer, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Herein, we report a new class of potential antiresorption bisphosphonate drugs that have a pyrrolidine unit with different substituents, obtained through a simple dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azomethine ylides and vinylidenebisphosphonate derivatives as precursors. The methodology led to the efficient preparation of a wide range of (1‐methylpyrrolidine‐3,3‐diyl)bis(phosphonic esters) derivatives with different substituents in position 4.
Systems pharmacology modeling of drug‐induced hyperbilirubinemia: Differentiating hepatotoxicity and inhibition of enzymes/transporters
Authors: Yang K , Battista C , Woodhead JL , Stahl SH , Mettetal JT , Watkins PB , Siler SQ , Howell BA
Published: January 2017

Elevations in serum bilirubin during drug treatment may indicate global liver dysfunction and a high risk of liver failure. However, drugs also can increase serum bilirubin in the absence of hepatic injury by inhibiting specific enzymes/transporters. We constructed a mechanistic model of bilirubin disposition based on known functional polymorphisms in bilirubin metabolism/transport. Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model‐predicted drug exposure and enzyme/transporter inhibition constants determined in vitro, our model correctly predicted indinavir‐mediated hyperbilirubinemia in humans and rats. Nelfinavir was predicted not to cause hyperbilirubinemia, consistent with clinical observations. We next examined a new drug candidate that caused both elevations in serum bilirubin and biochemical evidence of liver injury in rats. Simulations suggest that bilirubin elevation primarily resulted from inhibition of transporters rather than global liver dysfunction. We conclude that mechanistic modeling of bilirubin can help elucidate underlying mechanisms of drug‐induced hyperbilirubinemia, and thereby distinguish benign from clinically important elevations in serum bilirubin.
Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) Levels in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Tuimala R.
Published: January 2017

Ylikorkala, O. and Tuimala, R. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland).
Non‐Acceptance of Puerperal Sterilization
Authors: Palaniappan B.
Published: January 2017

Palaniappan, B. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kilpauk Medical College, Madras, India 600010). Non‐acceptance of puerperal sterilization. A study.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14:505–508, 1976.

This is an analysis of reasons given by 800 women who were hospitalized for deliveries at the Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital in Madras for refusing puerperal sterilization. The cases are analysed by socio‐demographic characteristics, age and parity. The most common reasons given were “inability to do manual work after the operation”, “husband objects”, and “necessity for prolonged rest”. The author suggests ways of dealing with these barriers to sterilization.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in a Rural Area in Nigeria
Authors: Oluboyede O. A. , Ogunbode O.
Published: January 2017

Oluboyede, O. A. and Ogunbode, O. (Depts. of Haematology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria). Iron deficiency anaemia in a rural area in Nigeria. Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment with Imferon.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 529–532, 1976.

In 32 pregnant women with packed cell volume (PCV) of 30% or less (Hb 10 g/100 ml or below), iron depletion was present in 87.5% and megaloblastic changes in 84.5% as judged by bone marrow findings. Parenteral iron gave statistically significant rise in the PCV (p<0.001) in those who received iron therapy compared with control group with no iron therapy. Routine iron administration during pregnancy is therefore indicated in this population.
The Needlescope and Other Small Diameter Laparoscopes for Sterilization and Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Dingfelder James R. , Brenner William E.
Published: January 2017

The recent expanded popularity of gynecologic endoscopy has been accompanied by a proliferation of instrumentation which aims to satisfy the diverse requirements of laparoscopists for improving operative safety as well as developing novel or improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. One major trend in the diversification of equipment has been toward a reduction in the diameters of both telescopes and operative apparatus. It appears that such miniaturization may reduce operative complications as well as postoperative discomfort. A new dual‐puncture sterilization technique which utilizes a diagnostic endoscope and a bipolar electrosurgical instrument, each of less than 3 mm diameter, is presented. The advantages and limitations of this procedure are discussed and the cosmetic and psychological aspects of patient acceptance are considered.
Treatment of Post‐Pill Amenorrhea
Authors: Dickey Richard P.
Published: January 2017

Post‐pill amenorrhea, a relatively rare but important sequela of oral contraceptive use, is often accompanied by galactorrhea. A review of women with post‐pill amenorrhea‐galactorrhea (PPAG) showed that it has more than one cause. Clinical and laboratory methods of evaluation are reviewed, and appropriate methods of treatment are suggested.
Small Dose Anti‐Rh Therapy After First Trimester Abortion
Authors: Keith Louis , Bozorgi Nader
Published: January 2017

The standard prophylactic dose of anti‐Rh immunoglobulin used in the United States is 300 μg. For use after spontaneous or induced abortion and diagnostic amniocentesis, this dose represents immunological “overkill”. A 50 μg dose has been effectively used for these patients in other countries but the specific products used were not equivalent to the products available in the USA. No evaluation of this 50 μg dose has been conducted in the USA. This is a pilot study of 315 patients given a 50 μg dose or a 300 μg dose of anti‐Rh immunoglobulin after first trimester abortion. No patient in either treatment group developed atypical blood group antibodies within 6 months. This finding confirms that 50 μg of the American product is protective after first trimester abortion.
Rupture of the Uterus
Authors: Paydar Mehdi , Hassanzadeh Abass
Published: January 2017

Sixty‐four cases of rupture of the uterus were managed from March 1967 to March 1977. The maternal morbidity was 81.0%, and there were six maternal deaths (9.4%). Fifty‐five patients (85.5%) had hysterectomies. The average hospital stay for patients who survived was 15.5 days. The fetal mortality rate was 89%. The etiology, diagnostic evaluation and the mode of prevention are discussed.
Risks and Benefits of Culdoscopic Female Sterilization
Authors: McCann Margaret F. , Cole Lynda Painter
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the risks and benefits of the culdoscopic approach to female sterilization in an analysis of 2153 culdoscopic sterilization procedures performed at 11 centers in nine countries. Inability to occlude the tubes as planned was reported for approximately 6.0% of the cases including 1.4% in which one or both tubes could not be occluded by any technique. Surgical difficulties were reported for about 13.0% of the procedures, and surgical complications, of which the most frequent was torn or bleeding tubes, occurred in 2.0% of the cases. Pregnancy rates were significantly higher for patients whose tubes were occluded by tantalum clips (7.7 per 100 women at 12 months), indicating that this is not the preferred technique of tubal occlusion; the 12‐month life table pregnancy rates were 0.1 per 100 women for tubal ring and 0.0 for Pomeroy and fimbriectomy. Comparison of these data with similar pooled data on laparoscopy and minilaparotomy indicates that culdoscopy is associated with greater technical difficulty and morbidity. Thus, abdominal procedures will continue to be preferred for use in most large‐scale programs.
An Ultrastructural and Clinical Study of Theca and Granulosa Cell Tumors
Authors: Klemi P. J. , Grönroos M.
Published: January 2017

To establish the cell type responsible for the production of estrogens in an ovarian tumor, seven thecomas, three granulosa cell tumors and one fibroma were studied with electron microscopy. The secretion of estrogens by the tumor was determined by measuring the plasma levels of estrogens in the ovarian and cubital veins of some patients and examining the histology of the endometria. Polygonal cells with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) at the ultrastructural level were found in the tumors of patients with clinical signs of hyperestrogenism. It is likely that these cells are the site of steroidogenesis, which is known to be reflected by SER in the cells of the human corpus luteum.
International Forum Update: Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: McDaniel Edwin B. , Potts Malcolm
Published: January 2017

In response to a recent report (Fam Plann Perspect 11: 47, 1979) that two of 12 rhesus monkeys given 50 times the human dose of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), by body weight, for ten years had developed endometrial carcinoma (CA), a retrospective survey of all hospital admissions for proven endometrial CA in two Thai provinces where DMPA contraceptive injections have been widely used since 1965 was made. From 1974 through 1978, 16 women were hospitalized with confirmed diagnoses of endometrial CA. None of the nine women successfully followed up had previously used oral or injectable contraceptives, nor has the recorded incidence of endometrial CA increased in these provinces. Base on the available evidence, the authors conclude that (a) the data on monkeys given very large doses of DMPA for ten years do not apply to women given normal doses of DMPA for prolonged periods and (b) widespread and long‐term use of DMPA can and should be continued.
Jaundice During Pregnancy in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode O.
Published: January 2017

The clinical features of hepatitis during pregnancy and the effect of this complication on the mother and the fetus were evaluated in 45 patients with jaundice who were treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from July 1976 to January 1978. Viral hepatitis was the cause of jaundice in 23 of the 45 patients in this prospective study. Three of these patients had the fulminant type of jaundice which resulted in maternal deaths. The peak incidence of the disease occurred in the last trimester. Hepatitis had a deleterious effect on the outcome of pregnancy; the effect was directly related to the severity of the disease, especially when associated with pyrexia. It is postulated that, by lowering resistance to infection, malnutrition may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis during pregnancy.
A New Instrument for the Management of Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Chavis William M.
Published: January 2017

Shoulder dystocia is a serious obstetric complication and remains an enigma to most obstetricians. Because of its rarity (1:10 000), improvements in management can hardly be gained through the experience of a single individual. However, a new obstetric instrument (shoulder horn) has been developed by the author that may prove to be of value in the management of shoulder dystocia by forming a channel which facilitates delivery of the anterior shoulder with minimal trauma.
Clonidine in the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Salmi Tuula , Punnonen Reijo
Published: January 2017

Thirty‐seven women complaining of hot flushes, sweating and other menopausal symptoms were treated with clonidine. A double‐blind crossover trial with placebo controls was undertaken. The clonidine dose was 2 × 0.025 mg/24 hours–0.075 mg/24 hours, increased if necessary at intervals of two weeks. The effect of clonidine did not differ significantly from placebo effect in the treatment of the symptoms. Side effects during clonidine management were slight and no difference was seen in their incidence compared with that in the patients treated with the placebo. A definitive placebo response was perceivable in the decreasing of symptoms.
Pseudocyesis in Infertile Patients
Authors: Ladipo O. A.
Published: January 2017

In the African population, pseudocyesis is not an uncommon gynecologic disorder. The high premium on childbearing, as well as the deep‐rooted cultural belief that children are a “security of old age” and continuation of the family, exposes the infertile woman to constant stress. The social and psychological satisfaction of parenthood is very important in this culture; while, for some patients, perception of the economic implication of children enhances the desire to have children.
Gonorrhea, Trichomonas and Candida Among Gravid and Nongravid Women in Cameroon
Authors: Nasah Boniface T. , Nguematcha Roger , Eyong Martha , Godwin Sama
Published: January 2017

A case‐control study of 1358 pregnant and nonpregnant women with and without symptoms of a lower genital tract infection were investigated for evidence of venereal disease. The prevalence of gonorrhea, Trichomonas and Candida in pregnancy was 15.0%, 20.6% and 41.3%, respectively, while the equivalent percentages in the nonpregnant women varied from 16.5% to 21.6%, 2.4% to 22.8% and 33.3% to 39.3%. However, these differences are not statistically significant. The implications of the findings are discussed and a screening program suggested.
Maternal Glycemia and Birth Weight
Authors: Luqman W. , Smith M. , Saunders C. , Moore W. , Kulwin R.
Published: January 2017

A study of 96 high‐risk, but uneventful pregnancies was performed. Overt hyperglycemia was excluded after 24 weeks of gestation by fasting serum glucose <110 mg, serum glucose of <140 mg two hours after a large breakfast (group 1, 44 subjects) or <140 mg two hours after a standard glucose load (group 2, 52 subjects). A significant linear correlation between the two‐hour postprandial serum glucose and birth weight was found in group 1 (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). There was a random correlation (r = −0.002, p > 0.4) in group 2. It is suggested that the dietary habits were an important variable.
Irregular Fetal Bradycardia: A Case Report
Authors: Batzer Frances
Published: January 2017

The importance of fetal heart rate patterns in the evaluation of fetal well‐being is discussed in relation to a case of antenatal documentation of a grossly irregular fetal bradycardia in a mother with congenital heart disease. A rare form of conduction disturbance, sinus bradycardia with resultant arterial‐venous dissociation is documented as an antenatal finding and etiology to irregular fetal bradycardia.
Nonprescription Vaginal Contraception
Authors: Edelman David A.
Published: January 2017

Data on the efficacy of vaginal contraceptive suppositories and foams available in the United States are reviewed, and data on a new vaginal contraceptive, the Collatex sponge, is presented. The efficacy of this device appears to be similar to that of the diaphragm.
Suppression of osteogenic activity by regulation of WNT and BMP signaling during titanium particle induced osteolysis
Authors: Nam Ju‐Suk , Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Jagga Supriya , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Sharma Garima , Nguyen Lich Thi , Lee Yeon Hee , Chang Jun‐Dong , Chakraborty Chiranjib , Lee Sang‐Soo
Published: January 2017

Periprosthetic osteolysis remains the leading obstacle for total joint replacements. Primarily, it was thought that aseptic loosening is mainly caused by macrophage mediated inflammatory process arising from production of wear debris. The role of osteoclasts and its sequential bone resorption ability has been extensively studied, but little is known about impaired osteogenesis during osteolysis. In the current study, we have tried to delineate the regulatory mechanism of osteogenic signals by Ti particles in osteoprogenitor cells as well its participatory role in wear debris induced osteolysis. Implantation of Ti particles on mice calvaria induced pro‐inflammatory response, elevated expression of COX2 and reduced the expression of Osterix. Treatment of Ti particles to MC3T3 E‐1 cells displayed decreased osteogenic activity including ALP activity, mineralization and mRNA levels several osteogenic genes. Moreover, the basal activity of WNT and BMP signaling pathways was suppressed in MC3T3 E‐1 cells treated with Ti particles. As an early response to Ti particles, MC3T3 E‐1 cells showed activation of ERK and JNK. Co‐inhibition of ERK and JNK with their specific inhibitors resulted in partial recovery of WNT and BMP signaling activity as well as ALP activity and collagen synthesis. Finally, LiCl mediated activation of WNT signaling pathway demonstrated rescue of Ti particle facilitated suppression of Osterix expression in mice calvaria. Our results provide evidences that WNT signaling pathway is regulated by ERK, JNK, and BMP signaling pathway during wear debris induced inflammatory osteolysis and may be considered as suitable therapeutic targets for the treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 912–926, 2017.
The Coordination Structure of the Extracted Nickel(II) Complex with a Synergistic Mixture Containing Lix63 and Versatic10
Authors: Shan Zhu , Hui‐ping Hu , Ji‐yuan Li , Fang Hu
Published: January 2017

In the present work, the nickel(II) synergist complex with isobutyric acid (HLI
) and 5‐hydroxy‐4‐octanone oxime (HBI
), which were the corresponding short‐chain analogs of the active synergistic mixture of Versatic10 (HL) and Lix63 (5,8‐diethyl‐7‐hydroxy‐6‐dodecanoneoxime, HB), was prepared and studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The crystal structure of the nickel(II) synergist complex showed that the composition of the complex was Ni(LI
)2(HBI
)2 with a cis‐form octahedron geometry structure. Both intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding were observed in the crystal lattice. Compared with the free ligands, similar band shifts of Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra assigned to the stretching vibration of carbon–oxygen single bond (CO), the stretching vibration of carbon–nitrogen double bond (CN), and the disappearance of the scissoring vibration of α‐hydroxy (OH) were correspondingly found in both the nickel(II) synergist complex and the extracted nickel(II) complex in the nonpolar organic phase. Combined with the results from ESI‐MS, XRD, and slope analysis, it was concluded that the major species of the extracted nickel(II) complex in the nonpolar organic phase might possess a similar coordination structure [Ni(HB)2(L)2] as the nickel(II) synergist complex, along with the neutral complex [Ni(HB)(B)2].
Supplementing diet with Manitoba lingonberry juice reduces kidney ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Isaak Cara K , Wang Pengqi , Prashar Suvira , O Karmin , Brown Daniel CW , Debnath Samir C , Siow Yaw L
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) contains high levels of anthocyanins which are bioavailable in the kidney and may be protective against ischemia–reperfusion (IR)‐induced acute kidney injury. This study investigated the effect of lingonberry juice on the IR‐induced stress‐activated signalling pathway and inflammatory response in the kidney.

RESULTS

Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to kidney IR had significantly impaired kidney function, with increased activation of the JNK signalling pathway and increased inflammatory response, measured using a multiplex panel containing an extensive array of inflammatory biomarkers. In rats fed 1 mL lingonberry juice daily for 3 weeks prior to IR, kidney function was protected and attenuation of inflammatory response and JNK signalling was reflected in the reduction of the measured biomarkers. In vitro results in cultured HK‐2 cells confirmed that lingonberry anthocyanins reduced JNK signalling and inflammatory gene expression after IR.

CONCLUSION

This study shows, for the first time, that daily supplementation with lingonberry juice may protect against loss of kidney function induced by IR injury by modulating JNK signalling and inhibiting the subsequent inflammatory response. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Population genetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis: genetic diversity and haplotype sharing between clinical and environmental sources
Authors: Durigan Mauricio , Ciampi‐Guillardi Maisa , Rodrigues Ricardo C. A. , Greinert‐Goulart Juliane A. , Siqueira‐Castro Isabel C. V. , Leal Diego A. G. , Yamashiro Sandra , Bonatti Taís R. , Zucchi Maria I. , Franco Regina M. B. , de Souza Anete P.
Published: January 2017

Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated intestinal protozoan responsible for infections in various hosts including humans and several wild and domestic animals. Few studies have correlated environmental contamination and clinical infections in the same region. The aim of this study was to compare groups of Giardia duodenalis from clinical and environmental sources through population genetic analyses to verify haplotype sharing and the degree of genetic similarity among populations from clinical and environmental sources in the metropolitan region of Campinas. The results showed high diversity of haplotypes and substantial genetic similarity between clinical and environmental groups of G. duodenalis. We demonstrated sharing of Giardia genotypes among the different populations studied. The comparison between veterinary and human sequences led us to identify new zoonotic genotypes, including human isolates from genetic assemblage C. The application of a population genetic analysis in epidemiological studies allows quantification of the degree of genetic similarity among populations of Giardia duodenalis from different sources of contamination. The genetic similarity of Giardia isolates among human, veterinary, and environmental groups reinforced the correlation between clinical and environmental isolates in this region, which is of great importance for public health.
A Comparison of the Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Cis‐9, Trans‐11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid to Celecoxib in the Collagen‐Induced Arthritis Model
Authors: Olson Jake M. , Haas Alexander W. , Lor Jennifer , McKee Holly S. , Cook Mark E.
Published: January 2017

Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, for chronic inflammatory disease are associated with adverse health events, while cis‐9, trans‐11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is anti‐inflammatory without adverse events attributed to pure intake. Mechanistically, celecoxib and c9t11 disrupt the arachidonic acid cascade; however, the equivalency of anti‐inflammatory effects between these compounds is unknown. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that 0.5% dietary c9t11 reduces inflammation equivalently to a celecoxib dose intended to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 5 mg/kg bw), arthritic mice received diets containing one of the following supplements: 1% corn oil (CO, w/w), 0.5% c9t11 (>91% purity) +0.5% CO, or 1% CO + 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg bw celecoxib, and were assessed for changes in arthritic severity over 6 weeks. Overall, arthritic severity in mice fed c9t11 was reduced (34%, P < 0.01) while celecoxib doses (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg) reduced arthritic severity (16, 56, 48%, respectively) compared to CO‐fed arthritic mice. Linear regression of the celecoxib dose‐response showed 0.5% c9t11 (570 mg/kg bw) reduced arthritic severity equivalently to 1.5 mg/kg celecoxib. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was increased in paws of arthritic mice fed CO compared to shams, but was decreased in arthritic groups fed 0.5% c9t11 and 5 mg/kg celecoxib, compared to arthritic mice fed CO (Ps ≤ 0.05). Additionally, paw and plasma IL‐10 levels in arthritic mice were decreased by 5 mg/kg celecoxib, but were unaffected by c9t11 compared to CO. Results suggest dietary c9t11 may be an effective adjunct to COX‐2 inhibition for treating chronic inflammation.
Natalizumab for Achieving Relapse-Free, T1 Gadolinium-Enhancing-Lesion-Free, and T2 Lesion-Free Status in Japanese Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Phase 2 Trial Subanalysis
Authors: Saida Takahiko , Kira Jun-Ichi , Kishida Shuji , Yamamura Takashi , Ohtsuka Nobuhisa , Dong Qunming , Tibung J. T.
Published: January 2017

Introduction

In a phase 2 trial of natalizumab in Japanese patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), treatment-related changes in relapses, brain lesions, and disability worsening were found to be comparable with those observed in the phase 3 studies of natalizumab in primarily non-Asian RRMS patients.

Methods

This subanalysis of the placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of natalizumab in Japanese RRMS patients (n = 94) evaluated the effects of natalizumab versus placebo on the proportion of patients who achieved relapse-free, T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesion-free, and new/newly enlarged T2 lesion-free status, defined as “no evidence of inflammatory disease activity” (NEDA)–like status, after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results

In this subanalysis, significantly more natalizumab-treated than placebo-treated patients achieved NEDA-like status (76.6% vs. 31.9%;P < 0.0001). In addition, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for patients on natalizumab to reach NEDA-like status was 6.98 (2.80–17.38) compared with placebo patients.

Conclusion

These results confirm previous findings indicating that natalizumab is efficacious in Japanese patients with RRMS.

Funding

Biogen.

Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01440101.
On the evolution of topology in dynamic clique complexes
Authors: Thoppe Gugan C. , Yogeshwaran D. , Adler Robert J.
Published: January 2017

We consider a time varying analogue of the Erdős–Rényi graph and study the topological variations of its associated clique complex. The dynamics of the graph are stationary and are determined by the edges, which evolve independently as continuous-time Markov chains. Our main result is that when the edge inclusion probability is of the formp=nα, wherenis the number of vertices and α∈(-1/k, -1/(k+ 1)), then the process of the normalisedkth Betti number of these dynamic clique complexes converges weakly to the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process asn→∞.
Assemblages and Scale in Archaeology
Authors: Harris Oliver J.T.
Published: January 2017

The growing interest in assemblages has already opened up a number of important lines of enquiry in archaeology, from the morphogenetic capacities of matter through to a rethinking of the concept of community. In this paper I want to explore how assemblages allow us to reconceptualize the critical issue of scale. Archaeologists have vacillated between expending energy on the ‘great processes’ of change like the evolution of humanity, the colonization of the globe or the origins of agriculture, and focusing on the momentary, fleeting nature of a small-scale ethnographic present. Where archaeologists have attempted to integrate different scales the result has usually been to turn to Annales-influenced or time perspectivism-driven approaches and their fixed, linear and ontologically incompatible layers of history. In contrast, I will use assemblages to examine how we can rethink both the emergence of multiple scales and their role in history, without reducing the differences of the small-scale to an epiphenomenal outcome of larger events, or treating large-scale historical processes as mere reifications of the ‘real’ on-the-ground stuff of daily life. As we will see, this approach also has consequences for the particular kind of reality we accord to large-scale archaeological categories.
Strategisches Verhalten in der Personalauswahl
Authors: Kanning Uwe P.
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals differenziert konkrete Strategien, die Bewerber in der Phase der Vorbereitung sowie der Durchführung von Auswahlverfahren einsetzen. In einer Befragung von 999 Personen wird sowohl nach der Einstellung bezüglich derartiger Strategien als auch nach deren Umsetzung bezogen auf Bewerbungsunterlagen, Einstellungsinterview, Testverfahren und Assessment Center gefragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Mehrheit der Bewerber in starkem Maße strategisch agiert. In der Vorbereitungsphase bezieht sich dies insbesondere auf die Sichtung von Ratgeberliteratur und den Austausch mit Freunden / Bekannten. Bewerbungstrainings haben demgegenüber eine untergeordnete Bedeutung. Bei der Verfassung von Bewerbungsunterlagen greift die Mehrheit unter anderem auf Vorlagen zurück, die nur noch angepasst werden. Im Einstellungsinterview wird unter anderem die Darstellung der eigenen Stärken an die Stellenanforderungen angepasst. Fast alle Befragten wenden wenigstens eine Strategie an. Bewerber, die sich in den letzten fünf Jahren beworben haben, agieren insgesamt aktiver als Personen, deren letzte Bewerbung länger zurückliegt.
S100A8/A9 and S100A9 reduce acute lung injury
Authors: Hiroshima Yuka , Hsu Kenneth , Tedla Nicodemus , Wong Sze Wing , Chow Sharron , Kawaguchi Naomi , Geczy Carolyn L
Published: January 2017

S100A8 and S100A9 are myeloid cell‐derived proteins that are elevated in several types of inflammatory lung disorders. Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory properties are reported and these proteins are proposed to activate TLR4. S100A8 and S100A9 can function separately, likely through distinct receptors but a systematic comparison of their effects in vivo are limited. Here we assess inflammation in murine lung following S100A9 and S100A8/A9 inhalation. Unlike S100A8, S100A9 promoted mild neutrophil and lymphocyte influx, possibly mediated in part, by increased mast cell degranulation and selective upregulation of some chemokine genes, particularly CXCL‐10. S100 proteins did not significantly induce proinflammatory mediators including TNF‐α, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6 or serum amyloid A3 (SAA3). In contrast to S100A8, neither preparation induced S100A8 or IL‐10 mRNA/protein in airway epithelial cells, or in tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Like S100A8, S100A9 and S100A8/A9 reduced neutrophil influx in acute lung injury provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge but were somewhat less inhibitory, possibly because of differential effects on expression of some chemokines, IL‐1β, SAA3 and IL‐10. Novel common pathways including increased induction of an NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin‐1 that may reduce NF‐κB signalling, and increased STAT3 activation may reduce LPS activation. Results suggest a role for these proteins in normal homeostasis and protective mechanisms in the lung.
The mito-DAMP cardiolipin blocks IL-10 production causing persistent inflammation during bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Chakraborty Krishnendu , Raundhal Mahesh , Chen Bill B. , Morse Christina , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Khare Anupriya , Oriss Timothy B. , Huff Rachael , Lee Janet S. , St. Croix Claudette M. , Watkins Simon , Mallampalli Rama K. , Kagan Valerian E. , Ray Anuradha , Ray Prabir
Published: January 2017

Bacterial pneumonia is a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Failure to resolve inflammation after infection precipitates lung injury and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative bacteria are common in pneumonia and increased levels of the mito-damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) cardiolipin can be detected in the lungs. Here we show that mice infected withKlebsiella pneumoniaedevelop lung injury with accumulation of cardiolipin. Cardiolipin inhibits resolution of inflammation by suppressing production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by lung CD11b+Ly6GintLy6CloF4/80+cells. Cardiolipin induces PPARγ SUMOylation, which causes recruitment of a repressive NCOR/HDAC3 complex to the IL-10 promoter, but not the TNF promoter, thereby tipping the balance towards inflammation rather than resolution. Inhibition of HDAC activity by sodium butyrate enhances recruitment of acetylated histone 3 to the IL-10 promoter and increases the concentration of IL-10 in the lungs. These findings identify a mechanism of persistent inflammation during pneumonia and indicate the potential of HDAC inhibition as a therapy.