bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty in the Armamentarium of Bariatric Treatment in Thailand: A TAGE-TSMBS Joint Addendum Statement to TSMBS Consensus Guideline
Authors: Kongkam Pradermchai , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Taweerutchana Voraboot , Techagumpuch Ajjana , Udomsawaengsup Suthep , Yimcharoen Panot , Linananda Sutdhachit
Published: April 2021

The Thai bariatric surgery Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (TSMBS) has recently published a consensus guideline for the treatment of obesity, which has become an emerging health crisis in Thailand. As endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) lately became available in the country, the TSMBS and the Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (TAGE) then agreed to propose this addendum statement that aims to standardize the patient selection protocol, physician credentialing, and procedural data monitoring in order to safely and effectively incorporate ESG into the armamentarium of bariatric treatment of Thailand.
Social Phenomena Between Local Transmigrant Communities and Regional Transmigrant Communities (1994-2020) in Kasimpa Jaya Village, Kec. South Tiworo, Kab. West Muna)
Authors: Ridayat Ridayat , Rochmat Saefur , Basri Laode Ali
Published: April 2021

Writing this paper aims to provide an overview or social phenomena on the pattern of community relations from social interactions between local transmigrant communities and regional migrants. Social interactions are dynamic social relationships that involve the relationship between people and individuals, between groups of people, as well as individuals and groups of people. The formulation of the problem in writing this scientific paper is how the social phenomena in the relationship pattern of social interactions that occur between the indigenous transmigrant community (Muna) and the immigrant transmigrant community (Bali). The method used in this writing uses qualitative exploratory research with observation data collection techniques, interviews and documentation.   The result of this paper is that the social phenomena in the relationship patterns of social interactions that exist in Kasimpa Jaya Village run very well and harmoniously between local transmigrant communities influenced by their development by the regional transmigrant community both in adopting the behavior, mindset and lifestyle of the local community itself, vice versa.
Some aspects of the development of empathy capabilities in officers of the armed forces of Ukraine
Authors: Litvinenko Irina , Pshenicina Anastasiya
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of development of empathic abilities of officers of the Armed Forces. An officer of the modern Armed Forces must be a holistic personality, capable of constant self-development and selfimprovement, with a certain set of moral qualities; his personality should be leadership-oriented, which includes the
skills to lead subordinates, take responsibility for them and have a sufficient level of empathic abilities, manifested in empathy, interest in improving the moral and psychological condition of subordinate personnel and each subordinate individually. The concepts of personality, leadership and empathy as a communicative and organizational component of leadership qualities are covered. The level of empathy ability among the officers of a unit of a separate military unit is analyzed and recommendations for its increase are given.
Regarding the problem of developing empathic abilities among officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, we can say that this topic is unfairly underestimated. This is due to the specifics of military-professional activities, which are clearly regulated by the statutory relationship. "Living by statute" implies the mandatory fulfillment of all its requirements, and does not provide any recommendations for the establishment of interpersonal relations in the military. However, as the experience of recent years has shown, the Armed Forces of Ukraine needed an immediate increase in mobilization
resources, which led to conscription of Ukrainian troops, with different motivational factors, different levels of life experience, different age groups.
Empathy is one of the important communicative and organizational components of leadership. The chief officer must have an average level of empathic abilities, which allows you to create the most comfortable psychological climate in the subordinate department, without violating military discipline. Analyzing the level of empathy on the example of one of the military units, we saw that not all officers have formed it enough, so it was suggested training exercises to improve it. We also stressed the importance of awareness of the participants about empathy, as well as its development in terms of its various components.
VALIDASI BISNIS ARSITEKTUR MODEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORMAL (STUDI KASUS: MANUFAKTURING)
Authors: Annastasia Syifa , Nur Fajrilah Asti Amalia , Izzati Berlian Maulidya
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Roeleven and Broer reveal that more than 66% of EA programs do not live up to expectations due to a failure to demonstrate sufficient value for the business. Business architecture has an important role to help companies achieve the desired business values. An organization also depends on how well the information provided on each artifact especially in the architectural business phase. That way, failure in business modeling can also have an impact on EA implementationw. Modeling artifacts in a good architectural business phase can help to avoid mistakes from the start, because the quality of the business modeling model will have an impact on the quality of information system design. Therefore, it need to test the quality of the model on every artifact in the architectural business, because many business models are not always of high quality. To have a high quality EA, one of them is by identifying a conceptual quality framework approach. There are six principles that must be considered when assessing the quality of a company model, in this study using the quality of the business architecture validity model with six attributes using the formal Petri net method.            Keywords: Enterprise Architecture; Business Architecture; Business Process; Validity,Attribute Quality  Abstrak: Roeleven dan Broer mengungkapkan bahwa lebih dari 66% program EA tidak memenuhi harapan karena kegagalan untuk menunjukkan nilai yang cukup untuk bisnis. Arsitektur bisnis memiliki peran penting untuk membantu perusahaan mencapai nilai bisnis yang diinginkan. Sebuah organisasi juga bergantung pada seberapa baiknya informasi yang diberikan pada setiap artefak terutama pada fase bisnis arsitektur. Dengan begitu kegagalan pemodelan bisnis juga dapat berdampak pada implementasi EA. Memodelkan artefak pada fase bisnis arsitektur yang baik dapat membantu untuk menghindari kesalahan sejak awal karena kualitas model pemodelan bisnis akan berdampak pada kualitas desain sistem informasi. Maka dari itu, kualitas dari pemodelan bisnis model telah diakui sebagai faktor penting untuk pemodelan sukses di perusahaan, serta perlunya untuk melakukan pengujian kualitas model pada setiap artefak pada bisnis arsitektur, karena banyak model bisnis yang tidak selalu berkualitas tinggi. Untuk memiliki EA yang berkualitas tinggi salah satunya dengan mengidentifikasi pendekatan kerangka kualitas konseptual. Terdapat enam prinsip yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika menilai kualitas model perusahaan, dalam kajian ini menggunakan kualitas model validity arsitektur bisnis dengan enam atribut menggunakan metode formal Petri net. Kata kunci: Arsitektur Perusahaan; Bisnis Arsitektur; Proses Bisnis; Validitas; Kualitas Atribut
PENGEMBANGAN PROTOTIPE TOMBOL DARURAT PERUMAHAN BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Nuryasin Ilyas
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Environmental safety is a shared responsibility between the community and the officers who are specially authorized to secure an area. For this reason, the role of the community in informing actions that interfere with safety is important. This study aims to develop a prototype of an environmental safety system using an emergency button application to inform certain safety conditions. This research is developed by conducting a Research and Development model through requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and functional testing. This prototype offers a basic function of the security system at a residence, such as a button for hazard emergency, stranger alert, notification when out of town, and needing assistance. This prototype is connected to the account of each resident with the security officer at the post guard. This prototype has been tested and works well as expected.            Keywords: emergency button; security; residence;   Abstrak: Keamanan lingkungan merupakan tanggung jawab bersama antara masyarakat dan petugas yang diberi wewenang secara khusus menjaga keamanan sebuah wilayah. Untuk itu, peranan masyarakat dalam menginformasikan tindakan-tindakan yang mengganggu keselamatan  menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototipe sistem keamanan lingkungan menggunakan aplikasi tombol darurat bagi masyarakat untuk menginformasikan kondisi keamanan tertentu. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan pendekatan model Research and Development dengan melakukan analisis kebutuhan selanjutnya dirancang dan diimplementasikan dalam bentuk situs web yang selanjutnya diuji coba fungsionalitasnya. Fungsi yang ditawarkan dalam model ini meliputi tombol darurat bahaya, waspada orang asing, keluar kota dan bantuan. Sistem terhubung pada akun masing-masing warga dengan petugas keamanan di pos keamanan. Prototipe telah diuji fungsionalitasnya dan bekerja baik sesuai dengan fungsinya.  Kata kunci: keamanan; perumahan; tombol darurat
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI FIREWALL SEBAGAI KEAMANAN SERVER DARI SYN FLOOD ATTACK
Authors: Sahren Sahren
Published: April 2021

Abstract: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the centralized academic information system is very vulnerable to various forms of attacks, such as SYN Flood, ICMP Flood, DoS, etc. This attack will cause the server to slow down, so that it takes a long time to access the application. For this reason, a method is needed so that server security is guaranteed. The method used is packet filtering firewall. The results obtained from this study can improve server security and capturing traffic that leads to the server. So this method can be used to increase security on the server.            Keywords: DoS; Firewall; ICMP Flood; Packet Filtering; SYN Flood; Server Abstrak: Dimasa pandemi Covid-19 saat ini sistem informasi akademik secara terpusat sangat rawan terhadap berbagai bentuk serangan, seperti SYN Flood, ICMP Flood, DoS, dll. Serangan ini akan mengakibatkan server menjadi lambat, sehingga lama dalam mengakses aplikasi. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan suatu metode agar keamanan server lebih terjamin. Metode yang digunakan adalah packet filtering  firewall. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat meningkatan kemanan server dan capturing traffic yang mengarah kepada server. Sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keamanan pada server. Kata kunci: DoS; Firewall; ICMP Flood; Packet Filtering; SYN Flood; Server
Perfil sociodemográfico de mulheres vítimas de violência no período de 2008 a 2017
Authors: Duffrayer Karoline Moreira , Mota Cristina Portela da , Silva Jorge Luiz Lima da , Messias Cláudia Maria , Moura Ana Carolina Cardoso Arruda Carvalho de , Silva Vitor Gabriel de França e , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Silva Natália Viana Marcondes da
Published: April 2021

A violência contra a mulher consiste em qualquer ato baseado no gênero, que resulte, ou que venha a resultar em dano físico, sexual, psicológico ou sofrimento para a mulher e deve ser abordada como problema de saúde, no qual é necessária a visão interdisciplinar para acompanhamento ou solução do mesmo. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de múltiplos grupos, que visa descrever o perfil sociodemográfico da violência contra a mulher a partir de notificações no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do município do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2008 a 2017. Foram notificados 29.629 casos de violência contra as mulheres, com predominância na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (29,1%), pertencentes a etnia parda (35,90%) e com ensino médio completo (11,30%). Houve predomínio de violência física com 58,9% dos casos em residência da vítima (53,6%). A violência contra as mulheres constitui grave problema de saúde pública. Devido a magnitude das consequências, o seu enfrentamento é desafiador, sendo necessário atuação interprofissional e intersetorial, planejamento, aplicabilidade e avaliação das políticas públicas.
Repercussões psicológicas em adultos ante expectativa de acometimento pelo Corona vírus
Authors: Pimentel Adelma do Socorro Gonçalves , Silva Maria de Nazareth Rodrigues Malcher de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: apresentar repercussões psicológicas em adultos ante expectativa de acometimento pelo Corona vírus. Método: estudo qualitativo narrativo interpretativo. Resultados: o estudo apontou a preocupação e medo de 96% dos participantes em ser atacado pelo Corona vírus; e 4% disseram que não; tais indicadores assinalam a percepção da gravidade da doença, sobretudo dos possíveis efeitos derivados das comorbidades; portanto, a aflição dos participantes independeu do gênero, e a narrativa demonstrou a magnitude do sofrimento manifesto na esfera da saúde psicológica e mental ressaltando ansiedade, pânico e depressão, estresse, temor, medo, falta de ar, taquicardia, aperto no peito, formigamentos, queda ou elevação da pressão arterial, dor de cabeça como sintomas psicossomáticos associados e derivados das emoções descritas e potencializadas pelas notícias veiculadas nos telejornais brasileiros e redes sociais virtuais. Há, ainda sintomas físicos: dor muscular, "embrulhos no estômago"; tensão; sobrepeso e anorexia. Quanto ao humor, agravou-se a impaciência, irritabilidade e sensação de impotência. Conclusão: O significado da palavra expectativa depreendido nas narrativas remete a uma antítese vivida cotidianamente, ou seja, transitar entre a possibilidade do acometimento da Covid-19, o adoecimento dos entes queridos; e a esperança da vacinação como fonte de cura e de superação das incertezas, dos pensamentos irracionais que nutrem o medo e a ansiedade.
Observações sobre a germinação de Struthanthus marginatus (Desr.) G.Don (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Santos Lucas de Andrade , Caires Claudenir Simões
Published: April 2021

O gênero Struthanthus Mart. compreende ervas-de-passarinho conhecidas por suas características daninhas, cuja germinação ocorre sobre os ramos dos seus hospedeiros. O presente trabalho objetivou-se a analisar a geminação de S. marginatus (Desr.) G.Don sobre Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P.Queiroz (Fabaceae) crescendo na arborização do campus de Vitória da Conquista da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto às dimensões (n = 10), teor de umidade (n = 50), fixados na hospedeira pela viscina (n = 60) e acompanhados de 31 de agosto a 06 de novembro de 2018. Os diásporos apresentaram-se com 0,75‒0,90 × 0,41‒0,61 cm, umidade de 58,01% na semente e 48,79% no pericarpo. Nas 30 primeiras sementes, a germinação iniciou-se no 16º dia, com pico no 20º dia. Destas, 40% (n = 12) germinaram, uma (3%) formou plântula no 34º dia, morrendo no 48º dia. No plantio seguinte (n = 30), 11 germinaram no 3º dia, com pico no 6º dia, sete formaram plântula até o 20º dia, morrendo no 35º dia. Nossas observações mostram baixa taxa germinativa para S. marginatus.
Leksičke nepodudarnosti kolokacijskih obrazaca u njemačkome, engleskome i hrvatskome općeznanstvenom jeziku te njihov prikaz u e-rječnicima općeznanstvenoga
nazivlja
Authors: Šnjarić Mirjana
Published: April 2021

Rad se bavi transdisciplinarnim općeznanstvenim
glagolsko-imeničkim kolokacijama i njihovim leksičkim nepodudarnostima u
njemačkome, engleskome i hrvatskome općeznanstvenom jeziku – npr. Aspekt(e)/Problem(e) herausstellen; (to)
highlight/emphasize point out aspects; istaknuti//naglasiti
aspekt(e)/problem(e). Kontrastivna i prijevodna analiza ograničena je na
odabrane primjere kolokacija u njemačkome i engleskome općeznanstvenom jeziku
te na usporedbu s njihovim kontrastivnim korespondentima u hrvatskom jeziku i
uspostavu prijevodnih ekvivalenata u trima jezicima.
Jedan od ciljeva rada jest uputiti na potrebu izrade novih vrsta
višejezičnih i višenamjenskih elektroničkih rječnika s poboljšanom obradbom
općeznanstvenih glagolsko-imeničkih kolokacija. Drugi cilj jest rasvijetliti
kolokocijsku problematiku u tom području jezika i ponuditi prijedlog da se
nepodudarni kolokacijski obrasci iscrpnije prikažu u novom trojezičnom
e-rječniku općeznanstvenoga jezika na temelju potvrda stvarne primjene u širem
sintagmatskom okruženju u suvremenom znanstvenom korpusu. Takvo sintagmatsko
okruženje prikazivalo bi i opisivalo tip znanstvene djelatnosti koja se
ostvaruje u suodnosu glagola i imenice ispod razine izolirane pojedinačne
prijevodne istovrijednice i zauzima odgovarajuće mjesto u strukturi
znanstvenoga teksta u trima jezicima. Krajnji cilj prvoga šireg istraživanja glagolsko-imeničkih
kolokacija triju jezika jest predstaviti i prikazati popis tipičnih i
karakterističnih općeznanstvenih kolokacija s prijevodnim istovrijednicama ili
mogućim prijevodnim rješenjima koja bi na kraju trebala biti opisana i
prikazana u novom trojezičnom elektroničkom rječniku transdisciplinarnoga općeznanstvenog
nazivlja triju jezika.
Kao izvor hrvatskih glagolsko-imeničkih
kolokacija korišten je suvremeni korpus hrvatskoga znanstvenoga jezika.
Njemački mrežni rječnik Digitales
Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) poslužio je kao izvor kolokacijskih
obavijesti za njemački jezik, dok je mrežni rječnik Glosbe korišten kao izvor
za engleske kolokacije.
Mammon in the Market; or, How Ben Jonson Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Capitalism
Authors: Krumm Bernard
Published: April 2021

I will argue that the “middle comedies” of Ben Jonson, specifically The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair, address concerns that are not only social and economic but also political in nature. Or, to put it another way, the economic issues that these plays address are also political. As the economic landscape shapes social life in city comedy, so too do political concerns exert an important, if perhaps less apparent, influence over the plays that I will examine here. In The Alchemist, Sir Epicure Mammon fantasizes about relocating to a “free state” so that he may enjoy the pleasures that his newly acquired capital can afford him without drawing the ire and suspicion of the monarch (4.1.156). In Bartholomew Fair, Justice Overdo proclaims that he acts on behalf of king and commonwealth when trying to regulate the capitalistic chaos of the local fair. The prevalence of the language of politics (of commonwealth, monarchy, republicanism) in these plays suggests that their economic concerns have significant political implications. Each play offers a resolution to this conflict in accordance with dramatic propriety, what is appropriate given the circumstances. The justice that is done and the order that is achieved at the conclusion of each play is not carried out by politicians or magistrates but rather shaped by the market society in which the characters operate. The characters who try to regulate the market or expose its corruption fail miserably, while the characters who triumph at the end of each play work the system and manipulate the circumstances to their advantage.
Zinc and Boron Application Improves Yield, Yield Components and Gross Returns of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Mubeen Aniqa , Saeed Muhammad Tariq , Saleem Muhammad Farrukh , Wahid Muhammad Ashfaq
Published: April 2021

Among pulses, mungbean is being considered as valuable cash crop in Pakistan but its productivity is under stress due to various agronomic and nutrient related management factors. Current study was planned to assess the interactive effect of soil applied zinc (Zn) and boron (B) under both field and pot managed conditions. Experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad which is located at 31ᵒ North latitude and 73ᵒ East longitude with an altitude of 185 meters above sea level. The experimental treatments were comprised of three Zn (0, 2 and 4 kg Zn ha-1) and three B (0, 2 and 4 kg Zn ha-1) rates which were applied in nine combinations viz., B0Zn0, B0Zn2, B0Zn4, B2Zn0,B2Zn2,B2Zn4, B4Zn0, B4Zn2, B4Zn4. Results revealed that, variations between field and pot trials as treatment B0Zn4 helped to increase plant height (60.66 cm) and pod length (10.17 cm) in field trials while B2Zn4 positively affected plant height (56.8 cm 27 cm), number of pods per plant (38.78 20.66), pod length (9.28 cm 10.18 cm), number of nodules (12.56 9) and seed yield (1402 t ha-1 6.42 g plant-1) in both field and pot trials, respectively. Moreover, B2Zn4 treatment also improved the number of pod bearing branches per plant (9.03) and number of seeds per pod (8.36) in field trial as compared to control and other set of treatments. Yield related attributes were also significant with B2Zn2 treatment under field conditions but negative effects in terms of low yield and its related attributes were witnessed with other set of treatments under both experimental conditions. Based on this data, B2Zn4 isrecommended to farmers facing soil related Zn and B deficiency problems, to get maximum economic returns of mungbean.
IS LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY BECOMING THE FIRST CHOICE IN TREATMENT OF PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER?
Authors: Popa Laura , Mușat Florentina , Păduraru D.N. , Bolocan Alexandra , Andronic O.
Published: April 2021

Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU), a significant complication of peptic ulcer disease, has proven to be associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity and to this day, it remains a clear indication of emergency surgery. Whilst open repair remains a feasible treatment option for this complication, the development of laparoscopic surgery has brought along new perspectives, by revealing the benefits and drawbacks of this procedure and therefore raising the question whether it should be the first choice in treatment of a PPU. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, with the selection of relevant articles from the last 15 years. By comparing the two surgical approaches, conventional and laparoscopic, we aimed to identify the reasons laparoscopy is gaining ground as a mean of treatment of a PPU. Outcomes such as hospital stay, complication rates, use of postoperative analgesics and visual analogue scale favored laparoscopy. The most heterogeneous result was dictated by the operation time, which seems to correlate with multiple factors, a major one being the learning curve and skills this procedure requires. In addition, a significant number of papers had developed patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, which impacted the results of outcomes like morbidity and mortality. There is a lot of evidence that points to laparoscopy becoming the preferred method of treatment of a PPU, however further research is needed in order to reach a consensus.
Traumatic penile fracture with bilateral corporeal rupture
Authors: NEDELEA SORIN , SLAVU IULIAN , SIN ANDREI , PATRASCANU OCTAVIAN , TULIN ADRIAN , SOCEA BOGDAN , LUCIAN ALECU
Published: April 2021

A 24-year-old man with no urological history presented to the emergency room for rapid onset severe penile pain, tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis during vaginal sexual intercourse. Clinical examination was suggestive of penile fracture with a high suspicion of bilateral corporeal involvement. Urethrography excluded an injury to the corpus spongiosum. Surgical exploration confirmed the bilateral laceration of the corpora and tunica albuginea which was repaired with absorbable sutures. 

Penile fractures are true urological emergencies whose surgical treatment must not be delayed to prevent long-term sequelae. Bilateral corporal rupture represents only 2-10% percent of penile fractures and usually involves the urethra, especially when the lacerations are situated ventrally.
THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN PREVENTING THE LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATED CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Roxana Sucu , Ion Bordeianu
Published: April 2021

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the hysterorrhaphy scar is an extremely important element in current obstetrical practice, especially in patients who still want a future pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ultrasound findings of the cesarean scar in the third trimester of pregnancy that can reduce the life-threatening emergencies caused by repeated cesarean section such as uterine rupture of abnormal placental adhesions. We conducted a prospective study that included patients who gave birth by caesarean section and presented at a subsequent pregnancy to be monitored during pregnancy. The study was realized during 2016-2020at the Bucur Maternity Hospital, 'Saint John', Bucharest.  A number of 57 patients were included in the analyzed group. A number of 12 pregnant women (21%) monitored both in weeks 30-34 and intraoperatively presented contractions and areas of dehiscence, while 30 (52.6%) pregnant women showed neither contractions nor areas of dehiscence. Women with contractions had an average scar thickness measured in the third trimester of 3.81 mm (SD 1.62, CI: [3.32; 4.30]), and those without contractions a thickness of 4.58 mm (SD 1.25, CI: [3.78; 5.37]. Intraoperatively we identified 3 cases with incomplete uterine rupture. Those cases were previously diagnosed with hysterorraphy scar between 0.15-0.5 cm. The repeated ultrasound evaluation of the cesarean scar is a good predictive factor for the intraoperative quality of the cesarean scar. With the third trimester ultrasound measurement of the uterine scar thickness, the uterine rupture may be avoided.
KINDS OF TRANSLATION METHOD USED BY THE STUDENT'S IN TRANSLATING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM ENGLISH TO INDONESIAN
Authors: Sipahutar Susi Rosalina , Marpaung Elen Magdalena , Sianturi Ester Riska , Rambe Kartina Rahmadhani
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to analyze the kinds of translation method used by the eight grade students at SMP Yayasan Perguruan Karya Bhakti. The method of this research was descriptive qualitative. The sample of this research was the eight grade students at SMP Yayasan Karya Bhakti. There are two instruments of this research, namely the first test is about translating the English text into Bahasa and the second test is interview test, there are 10 questions in interview test. In translation analysis process, the researchers used theory of translation method based on Newmark theory. The findings of this research showed that there are only four method used by the students in translating the text. They are Literal Translation, Faithful Translation, Word-for-Word Translation and Free Translation. It can be seen from the table that the most dominat method used by 10 students was literal translation and faithful translation method. The second dominant was word-for-word translation and free translation method. Here, the students used more than one method to tranlate the descriptive text.
Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene: Kinetic Study in a Spinning Disc Reactor (SDR)
Authors: Vicevic Marija , Novakovic Katarina , Boodhoo Kamelia
Published: April 2021

Free-radical polymerization of styrene conducted in a spinning disc reactor (SDR) results in significant increases in conversion in one disc pass, equivalent to a few seconds of residence time, with little change in the number average and weight average molecular weights and polydispersity compared to a SDR feed pre-polymerized in a batch reactor. Results of our experimental studies are presented in this paper and a rationale, based on simulation studies, is offered to explain these observations. It is shown that phenomena such as large increases in conversion that do not impact on molecular weights and molecular weight distribution is a result of a simultaneous increase in both the initiator decomposition rate and the propagation rate. The increases in these rate constants, predicted by our modeling studies, provide the driving forces that characterize a polymerization process in a SDR reactor, with the centrifugal force having different degrees of influence on individual reaction steps. This is attributed to different molecular sizes being involved in each of the polymerization reaction steps. The highest impact is observed on the initiator decomposition rate constant, as this reaction step involves a small molecule. Lesser impact is observed on the propagation rate constant, as this reaction step involves interaction of one small molecule and one large reactive species, whilst no or very small effect is seen in the case of the termination rate constant as large reactive species are involved. Developed constant variance model was used to estimate reaction parameters at different temperatures (i.e., initiator efficiency f, rate constants kd, kp, and kt) from the acquired experimental data in order to estimate activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) in a SDR. Data analysis at various SDR operating temperatures suggested activation energy for the styrene polymerization in the SDR as 40.59 ± 1.11 kJ mol−1.
Coronarin K and L: Two Novel Labdane Diterpenes From Roscoea purpurea: An Ayurvedic Crude Drug
Authors: Singamaneni Venugopal , Lone Bashir , Singh Jasvinder , Kumar Pankaj , Gairola Sumeet , Singh Shashank , Gupta Prasoon
Published: April 2021

The main objective of cancer treatment with chemotherapy is to kill the cancerous cells without affecting the healthy normal cells. In the present study, bioactivity-guided purification of the n-chloroform soluble fraction from the methanol extract of Roscoea purpurea resulted in the identification of two new labdane diterpenes: coronarin K (1) and coronarin L (2), along with eight known compounds, coronarin A (3), bisdemethoxycurcumin (4), kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether (5), kaempferol (6), fenozan acid (7), 3-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid ferulic acid (8), caffeic acid (9), and gallic acid (10). The structural identification of new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by detailed analysis of 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined with the help of NOESY correlations and comparison of optical rotations with known labdane diterpenes, with established stereochemistry, while structure of known compounds was established by direct comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of isolation of this labdane diterpenes and phenolic classes of secondary metabolites in R. purpurea. In the preliminary screening, the methanol extract and its fractions were tested for the cytotoxic activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines (A549, HCT-116, Bxpc-3, and MCF-7); extract and its chloroform fraction were found to be active against the lung cancer cell line, A-549, with IC50 value <25 μg/ml. Owing to the notable cytotoxic activity of the chloroform fraction, the compounds (1–5) were screened for their cytotoxicity against all the cell lines by MTT assay. Coronarin K, 1 showed significant cytotoxic potential against lung cancer cell lines (A-549), with IC50 value of 13.49 μM, while other compounds did not show activity below 22 μM.
Prognostic Factors and Overall Survival After Pericardiocentesis in Patients With Cancer and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wilson Nathaniel R. , Lee Michelle T. , Gill Clarence D. , Serauto Canache Astrid , Donisan Teodora , Balanescu Dinu V. , Song Juhee , Palaskas Nicolas , Lopez-Mattei Juan , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Iliescu Cezar A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Pericardiocentesis is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool for cancer-associated pericardial effusion. Limited safety and outcomes data exists regarding the management of malignancy-related pericardial effusion in patients with thrombocytopenia.

Objectives: Our study aimed to analyze prognostic factors and overall survival (OS) after pericardiocentesis in thrombocytopenic cancer patients.

Methods and Results: A retrospective review of 136 thrombocytopenic cancer patients who underwent primary percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed. Degree of thrombocytopenia was classified by platelet count recorded on day of pericardiocentesis: 75–149 × 103 cells/μL (41%); 50–74 × 103 cells/μL (10%); 25–49 × 103 cells/μL (24%); <25 × 103 cells/μL (25%). Median OS was 2.6 months and median follow-up was 37.4 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant OS differences among thrombocytopenia severity groups (p = 0.023), and worse OS with platelets <100 vs. ≥100 × 103 cells/μL (p = 0.031). By univariate analysis, thrombocytopenia severity was associated with increased risk of death (HR 0.993; 95% CI 0.989–0.997; p = 0.002). Poor prognostic factors for OS were advanced cancer, malignant effusion, elevated international normalized ratio (INR), quantity of platelet transfusions, and platelet transfusion resistance. However, thrombocytopenia severity became insignificant for OS (p = 0.802), after adjusting for advanced cancer and INR.

Conclusions: For patients with malignancy-related large pericardial effusion and thrombocytopenia, pericardiocentesis is a feasible intervention and should be considered due to low complication rates. There is no absolute contraindication to pericardiocentesis in case of hemodynamic instability, even with severe thrombocytopenia.
Enhancing the Transient State Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Variable Speed Wind Turbines Using Power Converters Excitation Parameters
Authors: Okedu Kenneth E. , Barghash Hind
Published: April 2021

One of the ways of generating electrical power from wind energy is by employing the promising technology of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) variable speed wind turbine (VSWT). With the daily increase and integration of wind farms into traditional power grids, it is imperative to carry out transient stability studies of wind generators in wind farms, in order to fulfill the operational grid codes. To solve the transient stability intricacies posed by the stochastic nature of wind energy during transient states or grid faults, this paper presents the enhancement of PMSG wind turbine considering the excitation parameters of the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) of the wind generator. The investigation was carried out using the turn on and turn off resistances of the IGBTs of the power converters of the PMSG wind turbine, considering different scenarios, with and without over voltage protection scheme. A severe three-line-to-ground fault was used to test the robustness and rigidity of the controllers of the wind generator during transient state. Furthermore, the results obtained using the PMSG wind turbine were compared to those using the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine. The evaluation of the system performance was done using the power system computer “aided” design and electromagnetic transient including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) platform. The same conditions of operation were used in investigating the various scenarios considered in this study.
What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California
Authors: Mendel Zvi , Lynch Shannon C. , Eskalen Akif , Protasov Alex , Maymon Marcel , Freeman Stanley
Published: April 2021

This study examined the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera; Scolytinae) native to Southeast Asia and concentrated on its wide host range in two of the invaded areas, California and Israel. Among the 583 examined tree species, 55.9% were characterized as “non-reproductive hosts” and only 13.8% were characterized as “reproductive hosts,” suitable for the E. fornicatus reproduction. Families that included ≥20 species and genera with ≥10 were considered for further analysis. The highest percentage of tree species suitable for reproduction was obtained for Salicaceae and Sapindaceae, whereas the lowest percentage of tree species belonging to this category were within the Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, and Magnoliaceae. The genera Acer, Quercus and Acacia displayed the highest percentage within the “reproductive host” category, with the former significantly higher from all seven of the studied genera. We found that all Brachychiton and Erythrina were attacked and none of the examined 20 Eucalyptus spp. were suitable for E. fornicatus reproduction. The results suggest discordance between host tree phylogeny and susceptibility to the E. fornicatus, indicating that trait correlation of susceptibility of different tree species to the E. fornicatus are the results of convergent evolution and not of a common descent. A theoretical model, suggesting the different possibilities of potential tree species becoming attractive or non-attractive to E. fornicatus attack, is described. It is suggested that the beetle reproduction success rate over a wide host range, as well as the long list of species belonging to the “non-reproductive host” category, is the outcome of interactions between the beetle fungal symbiont, F. euwallaceae, and sapwood of the attacked tree. The model suggests that a tree selected by the E. fornicatus may fall in one of three groups, (i) those in which F. euwallaceae is unable to develop, (ii) those tree species that slow the development of the fungus, and (iii) those that enable F. euwallaceae to thrive. Hence, the host range suitable for beetle reproduction is determined by development of F. euwallaceae. In general, PSHB does not distinguish between host species of the “non-reproductive host” and “reproductive host” categories.
Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Techniques for Melanoma Detection: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Blundo Alessia , Cignoni Arianna , Banfi Tommaso , Ciuti Gastone
Published: April 2021

Melanoma has the highest mortality rate among skin cancers, and early-diagnosis is essential to maximize survival rate. The current procedure for melanoma diagnosis is based on dermoscopy, i.e., a qualitative visual inspection of lesions with intrinsic limited diagnostic reliability and reproducibility. Other non-invasive diagnostic techniques may represent valuable solutions to retrieve additional objective information of a lesion. This review aims to compare the diagnostic performance of non-invasive techniques, alternative to dermoscopy, for melanoma detection in clinical settings. A systematic review of the available literature was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases (2010-September 2020). All human, in-vivo, non-invasive studies using techniques, alternative to dermoscopy, for melanoma diagnosis were included with no restriction on the recruited population. The reference standard was histology but dermoscopy was accepted only in case of benign lesions. Attributes of the analyzed studies were compared, and the quality was evaluated using CASP Checklist. For studies in which the investigated technique was implemented as a diagnostic tool (DTA studies), the QUADAS-2 tool was applied. For DTA studies that implemented a melanoma vs. other skin lesions classification task, a meta-analysis was performed reporting the SROC curves. Sixty-two references were included in the review, of which thirty-eight were analyzed using QUADAS-2. Study designs were: clinical trials (13), retrospective studies (10), prospective studies (8), pilot studies (10), multitiered study (1); the remain studies were proof of concept or had undefined study type. Studies were divided in categories based on the physical principle employed by each diagnostic technique. Twenty-nine out of thirty-eight DTA studies were included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of studies' types, testing strategy, and diagnostic task limited the systematic comparison of the techniques. Based on the SROC curves, spectroscopy achieved the best performance in terms of sensitivity (93%, 95% CI 92.8–93.2%) and specificity (85.2%, 95%CI 84.9–85.5%), even though there was high concern regarding robustness of metrics. Reflectance-confocal-microscopy, instead, demonstrated higher robustness and a good diagnostic performance (sensitivity 88.2%, 80.3–93.1%; specificity 65.2%, 55–74.2%). Best practice recommendations were proposed to reduce bias in future DTA studies. Particular attention should be dedicated to widen the use of alternative techniques to conventional dermoscopy.
Perinatal Outcomes and Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Twin Pregnancies in a Chinese Population: A Multi-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Sijian , Gao Jinsong , Liu Juntao , Hu Jing , Chen Xiaoxu , He Jing , Tang Yabing , Liu Xinghui , Cao Yinli
Published: April 2021

Background: Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, mainly owing to prematurity. Few studies have evaluated the risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) in Chinese population. The objective of this study is to present the short-term maternal-neonatal outcomes, investigating the potential risk factors associated with preterm birth in Chinese twin pregnancies.

Methods: A multi-center retrospective study of women pregnant with twins ≥28 weeks of gestation was conducted. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for PTB before 37, 34, and 32 weeks, respectively.

Results: A total of 3,288 twin pregnancies and 6,576 neonates were included in 99,585 pregnancies. The rate of twin pregnancy was 3.3%, while the PTB rate before 37, 34, and 32 weeks among this population were 62.1, 18.8, and 10.4%, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that monochorionicity [Odds ratio (OR) 3.028, 95% confident interval (CI) 2.489–3.683, P < 0.001], gestational weight gain (GWG) <10 kg (OR 2.285, 95% CI 1.563–3.339, P < 0.001) and GWG between 10 and 15 kg (OR 1.478, 95% CI 1.188–1.839, P < 0.001), preeclampsia (PE) (OR 3.067, 95% CI 2.142–4.390, P < 0.001), and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) (OR 3.122, 95% CI 2.121–4.596, P < 0.001) were the risk factors for PTB before 37 weeks. Monochorionicity (OR 2.865, 95% CI 2.344–3.501, P < 0.001), age < 25 years (OR 1.888, 95% CI 1.307–2.728, P = 0.001), and GWG <10 kg (OR 3.100, 95% CI 2.198–4.372, P < 0.001) were risk factors for PTB before 34 weeks. Monochorionicity (OR 2.566, 95% CI 1.991–3.307, P < 0.001), age younger than 25 years (OR 1.964, 95% CI 1.265–3.048, P = 0.003), and GWG <10 kg (OR 4.319, 95% CI 2.931–6.364, P < 0.001) were the risk factors for PTB before 32 weeks.

Conclusions: Monochorionicity and GWG <10 kg were two major risk factors for PTB before 32, 34, and 37 weeks, whereas maternal age, PE, and ICP were also risk factors for PTB in specific gestational age.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Tomato and Pepper Seeds by Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays (Real Time and Visual) and Comparison With RT-PCR End-Point and RT-qPCR Methods
Authors: Rizzo Domenico , Da Lio Daniele , Panattoni Alessandra , Salemi Chiara , Cappellini Giovanni , Bartolini Linda , Parrella Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) represents an emerging viral threat to the productivity of tomato and pepper protected cultivation worldwide. This virus has got the status of quarantine organism in the European Union (EU) countries. In particular, tomato and pepper seeds will need to be free of ToBRFV before entering the EU and before coming on the market. Thus, lab tests are needed. Here, we develop and validate a one-step reverse transcription LAMP platform for the detection of ToBRFV in tomato and pepper leaves, by real-time assay [reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)] and visual screening (visual RT-LAMP). Moreover, these methods can also be applied successfully for ToBRFV detection in tomato and pepper seeds. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of both RT-LAMP and visual RT-LAMP are both 100%, with a detection limit of nearly 2.25 fg/μl, showing the same sensitivity as RT-qPCR Sybr Green, but 100 times more sensitive than end-point RT-PCR diagnostic methods. In artificially contaminated seeds, the proposed LAMP assays detected ToBRFV in 100% of contaminated seed lots, for up to 0.025–0.033% contamination rates in tomato and pepper, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the proposed LAMP assays are simple, inexpensive, and sensitive enough for the detection of ToBRFV, especially in seed health testing. Hence, these methods have great potential application in the routine detection of ToBRFV, both in seeds and plants, reducing the risk of epidemics.
Second-Order Conditioning and Conditioned Inhibition in Different Moments of the Same Training: The Effect of A+ and AX− Trial Number
Authors: Muñiz-Diez Clara , Muñiz-Moreno Judit , Loy Ignacio
Published: April 2021

The feature negative discrimination (A+/AX−) can result in X gaining excitatory properties (second-order conditioning, SOC) or in X gaining inhibitory properties (conditioned inhibition, CI), a challenging finding for most current associative learning theories. Research on the variables that modulate which of these phenomena would occur is scarce but has clearly identified the trial number as an important variable. In the set of experiments presented here, the effect of trial number was assessed in a magazine training task with rats as a function of both the conditioning sessions and the number of A+ and AX− trials per session, holding constant the total number of trials per session. The results indicated that SOC is most likely to be found at the beginning of training when there are many A+ and few AX− trials, and CI (as assessed by a retardation test) is most likely to be found at the end of training when there are few A+ and many AX− trials. Both phenomena were also found at different moments of training when the number of A+ trials was equal to the number of AX− trials. These results cannot be predicted by acquisition-focused associative models but can be predicted by theories that distinguish between learning and performance.