bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Irminger Rings for biogeochemical tracer advection in the Labrador Sea.
Authors: Dilmahamod Ahmad Fehmi , Fennel Katja , Laurent Arnaud , Karstensen Johannes
Published: March 2022

The Labrador Sea is one of two major sites of the subpolar North Atlantic where deep convection occurs in wintertime as the ambient stratification is weakened through surface cooling and the water column homogenized to up to 2000 m depth. Deep convection has important biogeochemical implications, for example, the ventilation of the deep ocean through the formation of Labrador Sea Water, when convective mixing brings deep-water, undersaturated in oxygen, in contact with the atmosphere. Oceanic eddies in the Labrador Sea, in particular Irminger Rings, are known to transport heat and freshwater from the boundary current towards the central basin. This process regulates the strength of convection by influencing the preconditioning and restratification processes, hence modulating the production of Labrador Sea Water. However, the impact of these eddies on lateral biogeochemical fluxes between the coastal and open Labrador Sea, including the regions where deep convection is most pronounced, remains elusive. In this study, a high-resolution (1/12°) coupled biogeochemical-physical model of the northwest North Atlantic is employed to investigate the role of these eddies for lateral transport of biogeochemical constituents in the three distinct regions: eastern and western boundary and the central Labrador Sea. Oxygen, nutrient, and carbon budgets for these regions will be presented with an emphasis on horizontal and vertical transports, and mean and eddy-driven advection. The results of the biogeochemical budgets will be compared with those from the heat and freshwater budgets.
A new service providing sea level height data using GNSS sensors from around the globe
Authors: Bradshaw Elizabeth , Matthews Andrew , Williams Simon , Hibbert Angela
Published: March 2022

The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) is the internationally recognised global sea level data bank for long-term sea level change information from tide gauges, responsible for the collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data. There is a need both for more records in data sparse regions such as Antarctica, the Arctic and Africa, and for a low cost method for monitoring climate change through sea level. 

While tide gauge sensors themselves are not very expensive, the costs in operating them over a long period of time can be considerable. Sensors based in the water are prone to biofouling, and can require divers to access. Meanwhile, land-based sensors are exposed to damage from accidents, storms, and vandalism. 

The emerging field of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou) interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) provides an alternative way to measure sea level. Permanent GNSS receivers are routinely installed near the coast to monitor land movements, and we can infer sea level by comparing the direct signal to a GNSS with those reflected off the surface of the water. GNSS-IR does not yet match the accuracy of traditional tide gauges, but has the potential to be part of an affordable, effective monitoring system of water levels. 

Here we present a new data portal of sea level measured using GNSS-IR, developed as part of the EuroSea project. So far, we have extracted sea level data from over 250 GNSS receivers worldwide. At each site we provide a file of calculated sea levels, along with metadata about the site, some diagnostic plots, and links to the source of the original GNSS data. We have also created an interactive map to help investigate the footprint of a GNSS installed at any location. 

At present the portal is in a beta stage of development, and we hope to continue to make improvements, including hosting the data on a server with an API (ERDDAP) to allow interoperable access to data and metadata in a wide range of formats. We have carried out proof-of-concept tests that demonstrate that data can be provided in near real time, and aim to secure funding to allow us to add this in the future. 
Investigating hydrology and carbon cycling connections in peatland permafrost, northern Norway.
Authors: Knutson Jacqueline , Clayer François , Dörsch Peter , Westermann Sebastian , de Wit Heleen A.
Published: March 2022

Permafrost in northern Norway is characterized by peat plateaus and palsas and is among the fastest degrading permafrost areas in the world. Changes in these ecosystems with sporadic permafrost can be viewed as possible future states for currently stable permafrost regions. The thawing of permafrost at large scale has the potential to release stored carbon into atmospheric cycling and becomes a source of greenhouse gases. Lateral export of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from thawing permafrost could be an important pathway for loss of formerly stable organic matter (OM), and is controlled by temperature, soil moisture and local hydrology. We aim to study thermokarst ponds and the lateral flux of water, heat, organic carbon and greenhouse gases from a rapidly thawing permafrost peat plateau using high-frequency sensors, floating chambers, measurements of dissolved gases and water chemistry, and assessment of DOM. We analyzed water chemistry and extracted gas samples on 5 sampling campaigns of the Iškoras peat plateau located in the Finnmarksvidda in northern Norway between Sept 2020 and Oct 2021. We investigated production and consumption rates of gases at 3 campaigns by dark incubations between 36-50 hours. We present early data of the peat plateau and the hydrologically connected adjacent wetland.

We explore three hypotheses to better understand the role of hydrology and biogeochemistry in lateral transport of organic matter from the active peat plateau area to the larger catchment. First, there is seasonal changes in the lability of DOM in thermokarst ponds. Second, there is seasonal connection and transport of OM from the peat plateau to the wetland stream that connects to the catchment. Finally, we focus on identifying the areas in the landscape that are hotspots for greenhouse gas production and transport.

The thermokarst ponds were very acidic and high in dissolved gases and TOC compared with the wetland stream system. High emissions from the thermokarst ponds are a key source of CO2 and CH4. Aquatic processing of DOM and turbulence in streams both affect level of GHG emissions. There are also differences in parameters such as CO2 evasion and DIC concentration when there is connection of the wetland stream to the peat plateau. The early data indicate high rates of DOM processing and GHG production in the thermokarst ponds and high variability in DOM export from the peat plateau.
Timing and pacing of the Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary) in the Chanxhe sections, Belgium 
Authors: Da Silva Anne-Christine , Franck Léonard , Arts Michiel , Denayer Julien
Published: March 2022

The Hangenberg Crisis, at the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary, severely affected the marine realm. The crisis is characterised by several events associated with change in the sedimentation and biotic extinctions and turnovers. The Hangenberg Black Shale event that recorded the extinction peak in the pelagic realm corresponds to a widespread development of oceanic anoxia and/or dysoxia. The Hangenberg Sandstone event is associated with an extinction of neritic fauna in shallow-water settings, including the final demise of several classical Devonian faunas (stromatoporoids, quasiendothyrid foraminifers, placoderms, etc.). The succession of these events is nowadays explained by a combination of sea level fluctuations (third order transgressive sequence, out-of-sequence regression) and global climatic changes. Through the identification of Milankovitch cycles in the Chanxhe record, we aim at getting a better understanding of the timing and orbital forcing of the different events of the Hangenberg Crisis in shallow-water settings.

The sedimentary record of the interval of interest at Chanxhe is composed of 16 m of alternating decimetre-thick carbonate beds with shaly siltstones, which displays a clear cyclicity. The carbonate-siliciclastic alternations (~0.8 m) are bundled into larger cycles (~5 m) which are separated by intervals dominated by the shaly facies. This is followed by 11 m of carbonate dominated lithology with thin shale layers displaying a less clear cyclicity with ~3 m thick cycles. Then the equivalent of the Hangenberg dark shales is recorded as two dark shaly intervals separated by a carbonate bed. After the Hangenberg dark shales, the section displays carbonates, with the Devonian Carboniferous boundary in massive carbonates 7 m above the top of the black shales.

Samples have been collected along the record every 10 cm which were measured by the portable X-Ray Fluorescence device (Tracer 5, Bruker), allowing to provide elemental data throughout the record. Spectral analysis is applied on Ca and Al, to identify the main cyclicity in the record. The 0.8 meter-thick limestone/shale alternations is clearly recorded in the Ca and Al records and are associated with precession cycles (18 kyr), while the 5 m-cycles are associated with short eccentricity (100 kyr). Prior to the Hangenberg anoxic events, the 100-kyr cycles became less clear and shorter (~ 3 m) which is interpreted as a minimum eccentricity. During the Hangenberg, the cyclicity returns. However, after the Hangenberg and near the Devonian Carboniferous boundary, the facies become very homogeneous, consisting of massively bedded carbonates with no observable cyclicity,  which is also  other contemporaneous sedimentary successions (e.g. China, Poland).   

 
Comparing the performances of Pedotransfer Functions with Hydrus 1D Inverse Parameters Estimation in a deep cultivated sahelian soil
Authors: Diongue Djim M L , Do Frederic C , Stumpp Christine , Orange Didier , Jourdan Christophe , Sow Sidy , Faye Serigne , Roupsard Olivier
Published: March 2022

Knowledge about soil water balance and ecosystem water partitioning is crucial for managing soils in semi-arid areas like the Sahel, but hydraulic parameters are hardly available to run either parsimonious or detailed process models. This study aims at bridging this parameterization gap in a typical deep (> 2m) loamy sand soil from the groundnut basin in Senegal[1]. Five approaches of soil hydraulic parameterization with a range of different complexity were compared: (1) the lookup table of Carsel and Parrish (1988) that use only the soil texture class known as “Class PTFs”, (2) Rosetta PTFs from only topsoil characterization, (3) Rosetta PTFs with a detailed multilayer soil characterization, and inverse estimation from soil moisture using Hydrus-1D, considering the soil column either as (4) a single soil material and (5) with three-layered soil material. We compared the predicted (i) soil water content (SWC) with high-frequency measurements from 15 cm down to 200 cm deep and (ii) actual evapotranspiration (ET) with Eddy Covariance (EC) data during four consecutive growing seasons under a rotation of pearl millet and peanut crops. The simplest methods (1 & 2) resulted in a significant bias of the predicted SWC, with, however, some predictive ability of Method 2 to simulate the general trends of Swc, especially under peanut crops. Method 3 behaved reasonably with average RMSE for SWC, varying between 0.029 and 0.023 cm-3 cm-3. Method 4 further improved the predictions with RMSE ranging from 0.013 to 0.020 cm-3 cm-3. The best agreement was found under peanut using Method 5 (RMSE ≤ 0.013 cm3 cm-3). Methods 3, 4 or 5 behaved satisfactorily for predicting ET whatever the crop, e.g. Method 4 (RMSE= 0.05 cm day-1, NSE= 0.9 and R²= 0.93) for pearl millet.

We showed that inverse modelling should be preferred over using PTFs when studying water fluxes and evapotranspiration in cultivated Sahelian soils.

[1] Faidherbia-Flux (FLUXNET: SN-Nkr): https://lped.info/wikiObsSN/?Faidherbia-Flux
The System of Supercompact Equations for Two-Dimensional Waves Propagating on the Surface of a Three-Dimensional Deep Fluid
Authors: Dremov Sergey , Kachulin Dmitry , Dyachenko Alexander
Published: March 2022

The hydrodynamics of potential flows of a 3D ideal incompressible fluid with a free surface in a gravitational field is considered in the approximation of the Zakharov equation. In the case of one-dimensional waves a special property of the four-wave interaction coefficient in the Zakharov equation allows it to be written in a simple form of the so-called supercompact equations for one-dimensional counterpropagating waves. We generalize the system of equations to the case of two-dimensional surface waves and study the problem of modulation instability for a monochromatic and standing wave, as well as resonant interactions of such waves within the framework of this model. The work was supported by Grant No. 19-72-30028 of the Russian Science Foundation.
Investigating extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines
Authors: Abramian Sophie , Muller Caroline , Risi Camille
Published: March 2022

Squall lines are the consequence of the interaction of low-level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts, and beyond a critical shear, squall lines tend to orient themselves. It has been shown that this orientation has the effect of reducing the incoming wind shear to the squall line and maintains equilibrium between wind shear and cold pool spreading (Abramian et al 2021).

While the mechanisms behind squall line orientation seem to be increasingly well understood, few studies have focused on the implications of this organization. Yet, Roca and Fiolleau 2020 shows that mesoscale convective systems, including squall lines, are disproportionately involved in rainfall extremes in the tropics. One may then question whether the orientation of squall lines has an impact on the rainfall extremes, and if so, how and why.

Using a CRM, we perform simulations of tropical squall lines by imposing a vertical wind shear in radiative convective equilibrium. Our results show that the extreme precipitation in the squall lines is more intense in the critical organized case. It seems that when the condensation rate increases with the shear, the precipitation efficiency decreases strongly. The critical case appears to be the most favorable compromise between these two contributions, a hypothesis that we further investigate here.
Climate-change impacts and adaptation for Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture
Authors: Droppers Bram , Supit Iwan , Leemans Rik , van Vliet Michelle , Ludwig Fulco
Published: March 2022

Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable counties in terms climate-change impacts on its agricultural productivity. Agriculture is not only the largest sector in Pakistan’s economy, the food security of its over 220 million inhabitants also strongly depends on its production. As Pakistan’s arid croplands are extensively irrigated, agricultural productivity is affected by increasing temperatures (projected to increase up to 6°C between 2000 and 2100 under a limited climate-change mitigation scenario), changes in water availability (i.e. river streamflow and groundwater resources) and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]; affecting both crop productivity and water use efficiency).

Here we present the impacts of climate change on Pakistan’s primary cereal crops: wheat and rice. Impacts are quantified by combining several climate-change scenarios with a process-based coupled hydrological-crop model, VIC-WOFOST. VIC-WOFOST comprehensively estimates changes in crop growth, water resources and their interactions under climate change. Moreover, the role of elevated [CO2] on agricultural productivity and sustainable water use is specifically assessed. We then explore the possibilities and limitations of agricultural adaptation to enable sustainable food security for Pakistan under various climate-change and population growth scenarios.

Our results show that climate-change will severely affect Pakistan’s agriculture, especially due increased temperatures and crop heat stress. However, climate-change adaptation can potentially mitigate some of these effects, especially for wheat production. Moreover, with sufficient agricultural adaptation, climate-change can even be beneficial for Pakistan’s agriculture due to the benefits of elevated [CO2]. While our study is focussed on  Pakistan, it indicates pathways for sustainable food production under climate change that may also be important for other regions that strongly depend on irrigated agriculture.
Characterising the dynamic physical vulnerability of Tomorrow’s Cities to multiple natural hazards
Authors: Gentile Roberto , Manandhar Vibek , Cremen Gemma , Jenkins Luke , Mentese Emin , Guragain Ramesh , Galasso Carmine , McCloskey John
Published: March 2022

During their expansion, cities are increasingly exposed to various risks from different natural hazards. Moreover, different drivers of these risks may evolve over time due to several endogenous and exogenous factors. In the context of proactive risk-informed, people-centred, and pro-poor urban planning and design, capturing the above dynamic effects is crucial. This study focuses on modelling the time-dependent physical fragility and vulnerability (i.e., the likelihood of damage and losses as a function of a hazard intensity measure) of building stocks. Given a set of relevant hazards for a case-study region, this research combines existing methodologies and datasets to 1) match the relevant building classes (i.e., construction types) in the case-study database with existing fragility and/or vulnerability models; 2) use state-of-the-art numerical and/or empirical methods to develop fragility/vulnerability models not already available, supplementing existing models; 3) identify and account for the factors affecting the time dependency of the above fragility/vulnerability models (e.g. ageing of buildings, the interaction of different hazards); 4) create a Geographic Information System (GIS) vulnerability database for integration within a broader risk model. The proposed approach offers a reasonable trade-off between the refinement of the considered time-dependent vulnerability assessment and the expected computational complexity of a building portfolio multi-hazard risk model. The proposed approach is demonstrated for the realistic urban prototype “Tomorrowville”, considering earthquakes, floods, and debris flows as case-study hazards.
The subseasonal to seasoanl predictability of marine heatwave in Indian Ocean
Authors: Yu Yue
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, worldwide marine heat wave events have become stronger and more frequent. Especially in the Indian Ocean, where occurs the most significant sea surface temperature warming trend. We use observation and reanalysis data to extract the Indian Ocean marine heatwave events since 1981. And then analyzing the temporal and spatial characteristics of marine heatwave events through feature indicators. According to the different period of the development of the marine heatwave, the sources of predictability from the atmospheric and ocean circulation anomaly are revealed. Then five representative heat wave events will be selected, and multi-member ensemble hindcast with different lead times will be conducted for each event with CESM2 model. Based on the hindcast results, we evaluate the prediction skills for the Indian Ocean marine heatwaves. The capability of models to simulate the sub-seasonal to seasonal signals that affect the heat wave event will be examined eventually.
Land evaluation for olive growing after tobacco and its implication on soil erosion
Authors: Fiorucci Federica , Mariotti Roberto , Pandolfi Saverio , Moussavi Soraya , Baldoni Luciana , Rossi Mauro
Published: March 2022

Fruit and crop cultivation represents the main food source and produce important incomes in many countries worldwide but, in many cases, they can cause soil erosion and lead to extreme land degradation. Understanding and quantifying the impact of land use on soil erosion is essential to achieve sustainable land management. In Umbria region in Central Italy, olive and tobacco are two of the most profitable crops, spread on the slopes of mountains and hills or in the Tiber river valley, respectively. In particular, tobacco production, spread in the last decades along the plains and foothills of the northern part of the region, posed serious threats to the ecosystem, causing soil erosion and representing an alarming source of chemical pollution.

In this study, the environmental advantages of replacing tobacco crop with perennial olive groves were evaluated. For this purpose, a method is proposed, initially, to evaluate land suitability for olive cultivation based on machine learning methods and on a set of geomorphological and climatic variables, and then to evaluate the impact of land use conversion from arable crops to olive groves on soil erosion, using LANDPLANER model and considering different rainfall scenarios. LANDPLANER is able to estimate the effects of rainfall on the triggering of landslides and erosion processes and their competition on the slopes. Results show that such conversion is sustainable for more than 40% of the current tobacco production area and it may reduce soil erosion up to 50%. This study provides a framework that starting from a statistical model for land evaluation for new agricultural purposes, assesses the impact of land use change on soil erosion. It provides a method useful to promote a sustainable use of soil, taking into account also effects of agricultural changes effect on soil erosion and degradation.
Detecting trends in flood series and shifts in flood timing across Kenya
Authors: Wanzala Maureen , Cloke Hannah , Stephens Elisabeth , Ficchi Andrea , Harrigan Shaun
Published: March 2022

The frequency and magnitude of flood events in Kenya have increased over the past decade. Observations show a shift in timing and variability in flood occurrences in most parts of the country. Trend analysis is useful in detecting and supporting the evidence of change in flow series, as well as variability in flood timing. In this study, the frequency and magnitude of floods observed in the annual maximum flood (AMAX) and peak over threshold (POT) flood series from 1981 to 2016 are compared in 19 Kenyan catchments. Flood peaks are identified using a threshold technique from Kenyan daily discharge data, and notable patterns in the AMAX series are compared to those in the POT series, which is created for three distinct exceedance criteria. The timing and variability of the annual floods is determined from the AMAX flow. Our findings show that, the AMAX series detects more trends in flood magnitude than the POT series, while the POT series detects more significant trends in flood frequency than flood magnitude. Sensitivity of trends to different exceedance thresholds selection reveal variable trend patterns across the stations. The timing of inter-annual floods occurs in peak rainfall months of April, May and November and shows a higher variability index in most of the coastal and western stations, and a low variability in stations whose annual floods occur in dry months of June, July, and August. This information is useful to hydrological applications such as flood protection facility design, risk assessment, and risk management for improved livelihoods in Kenya
Late to Post-Variscan tectonics in the Sardinia Einstein Telescope candidate site (Italy): insights from Structural Survey and Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Cardello Giovanni Luca , Casini Leonardo , D'Urso Domenico , Longo Vittorio , Oggiano Giacomo
Published: March 2022

In north-eastern Sardinia, due to the present-day geodynamic quiescence of the island and its very low seismicity and anthropogenic seismic noise, an area has been candidate for hosting the Einstein Telescope (ET). ET is the European third-generation underground interferometric detector of gravitational waves, whose functioning requires a rocky volume virtually devoid of permeable fractures ideally not crossed by main regional faults. Hereby, we present the structural and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) features of the most relevant brittle structures in the ET candidate site.

The late- to post-Variscan tectonics in Sardinia is accompanied by extensive magmatism giving way to the Corsica-Sardinia Batholith emplacement. This is followed by a dense dyke swarm of bimodal mafic-felsic composition. These dykes are hosted in the batholith and its host metamorphic basement, being their trends reflecting the stress field of the new-formed Variscan crust during early Permian. Field evidence, shows that a ductile to brittle fault network affects both the Variscan metamorphic basement and the late-Variscan plutons. Fault zones are generally NNW-, and WSW-striking and are associated with more altered bedrock and/or occasionally pseudotachylite-bearing cataclastic bands that have been locally injected by hydrothermal fluids, as testified by thick quartz veins and chlorite-rich selvedges. Near two new drilling sites (ca. 250 m total depth), ERT shows a stratified resistivity array, that consists of up to three electrolayers with variable distribution and thickness. As supported by field observation, we have interpreted the more conductive electrolayer as regolith and alluvial units associated with minor faults, while the most resistive electro-layers correspond with the less-fractured granitoids. Overall, the large deep conductive anomalies are bounded by suddenly graded resistivity drops tracing fault systems that are NNW-, N(NE)- and WSW-striking. Upscaling the local results, which provide an accurate estimate of satured fault geometry at depth, we recognize that: i)  the post-Variscan brittle structures mirror the trend of Permian dykes, sills and veins; ii) the main fault zones that underwent strike-slip reactivation were site of later hydrothermal circulation possibly related to Oligocene-Aquitanian tectonics. Further studies are needed to constrain the actual pattern of differential uplift to exclude the presence of neotectonics in the area. Thus, direct dating of faults and dykes and new Global Navigation Satellite System data acquisition could constrain the age of faulting and the differential uplift contribution into the eventual current reactivation of the inherited Variscan structures.
Beach-face slope dataset for Australia
Authors: Vos Kilian , Deng Wen , Harley Mitchell Dean , Turner Ian Lloyd , Splinter Kristen Dena Marie
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sandy beaches are unique environments composed of unconsolidated
sediments that are constantly reshaped by the action of waves, tides,
currents, and winds. The most seaward region of the dry beach, referred to
as the beach face, is the primary interface between land and ocean and is of
fundamental importance to coastal processes, including the dissipation and
reflection of wave energy at the coast and the exchange of sediment between
the land and sea. The slope of the beach face is a critical parameter in
coastal geomorphology and coastal engineering, as it is needed to calculate the
total elevation and excursion of wave run-up at the shoreline. However,
datasets of the beach-face slopes along most of the
world's coastlines remain unavailable. This study presents a new dataset of beach-face slopes
for the Australian coastline derived from a novel remote sensing technique.
The dataset covers 13 200 km of sandy coast and provides an estimate of the
beach-face slope every 100 m alongshore accompanied by an easy-to-apply
measure of the confidence of each slope estimate. The dataset offers a
unique view of large-scale spatial variability in the beach-face slope and
addresses the growing need for this information to predict coastal hazards
around Australia. The beach-face slope dataset and relevant metadata are
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606216 (Vos et al., 2021).
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China in the past decade
Authors: Chang Xiaoli , Jin Huijun , He Ruixia , Zhang Yanlin , Li Xiaoying , Jin Xiaoying , Li Guoyu
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Under a pronounced climate warming, permafrost has been degrading in most areas, but it is still unclear in the northwestern part of the Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China. According to a ten-year observation of permafrost and active-layer temperatures, the multi-year average of mean annual ground temperatures at 20 m was -2.83, -0.94, -0.80, -0.70, -0.60 and -0.49 °C, respectively, at Boreholes GH4, MG3, MG1, MG2, GH5 and YTLH2, with the depths of permafrost table varying from 1.1 to 7.0 m. Ground cooling at shallow depths has been detected, resulting in declining thaw depths in Yituli’he during 2009–2020, possibly due to relatively stable mean positive air temperature and declining snow cover and dwindling local population. In most study areas (e.g., Mangui and Genhe), permafrost warming is particularly pronounced at larger depths (even at 80 m). These results can provide important information for regional development and engineering design and maintenance.
EVALUATION OF PRACTICAL PREDICTABILITY OF BLOCKING ANTICYCLONES USING MODERN HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, KULIKOVA I. A. , KRUGLOVA E. N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, KHAN V. M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

The problem of predictability of atmospheric processes such as blocking in the Northern Hemisphere on intraseasonal timescales is considered using the operational version of the semi-Lagrangian atmosphere model for long-rahge forecasting (SL-AV) of the Hydrometcenter of Russia, as well as the U.K. Met Office coupled atmosphere-ocean model (UKMO) and the reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ERA5). It is shown that beyond the first forecast week, the quality of deterministic forecasts drops sharply, and the forecast error grows rapidly. The use of probabilistic formulations makes it possible to extend the time interval of the skillful forecast from a week to a month. The dependence of the forecast quality on initial data of the model, as well as on spatiotemporal scales of blocking systems, is demonstrated by the case study (the summer of 2010 in the European part of Russia). Some specific features of the verification of forecasts of rare events, such as blocking, are noted. The results can be used for preparing long-range meteoroloical forecasts on intraseasonal timescales.
KAJIAN MACAM DOSIS PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Al Hafidh Ari Bahttiar , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Amiroh Ana
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted in Kadungrembug, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern with 3 replications, consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of npk fertilizer 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha and The second factor is: without drum fertilizer, goat manure, chicken manure fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving a dose of NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and production of tomato. The application of goat manure and a dose of 100 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer was thought to have a better effect on the growth and production of tomato plants. So that the growth of tomato plants can grow optimally. The results of research that has been carried out on the treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants  treatment of doses of NPK fertilizer and manure on the growth and production of tomato plants can be concluded that there is an interaction with the combination manure and dose of NPK fertilizer parameters were plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after planting, number of leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days after fruit number and fruit weight. The best treatment was obtained in the treatment of goat manure and NPK fertilizer dose of 100 kg/ha.
Kajian Macam Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutencens L.)
Authors: Qibtiyah Mariyatul , Kholiq Hasan , Anam Choirul
Published: March 2022

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutencens L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran penting yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan cocok untuk di kembangkan di daerah tropica seperti di Indonesia. Upaya peningkatan produksi cabai rawit dengan memanfaatkan Kotoran kambing secara umum akan memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi kesuburan tanah dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk kandang kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan poduksi tanaman cabe rawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lowayu Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Gresik. Ketinggian tempat ± 0-500 meter dpl. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Mei 2021.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). faktor perlakuan yaitu Pupuk kandang kambing dan Jarak tanam. Faktor Pupuk Kandang kambing terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, dan 10 t/ha. Faktor Jarak tanam terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: 50 x 50 cm, 50 x 60 cm, dan 50 x 70 cm. Indikator pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati meliputi: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, diameter batang, jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, diameter buah, berat buah, berat buah per hektar. Analisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Hasil pengamatan dan perhitungan melalui analisa sidik ragam dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa yang memberikan produksi tinggi pada tanaman Cabai rawit yaitu perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing 10 t/ha (P3) dan Jarak tanam 50 x 70 cm (J3) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lainnya.
Analisis Konsep dan Implementasi Penilaian Kinerja Guru
Authors: Hasanah Siti Muawanatul
Published: March 2022

Islam menganjurkan pada setiap pemeluknya untuk melaksanakan proses pendidikan, bahkan menganjurkan melaksanakan proses tersebut sampai pada ahir hayatnya, itulah salah satu anjuran yang disampaikan lewat Rosulnya yaitu Nabi Muhammad SWA. Negara Indonesia juga memberikan kesempatan setiap warganya untuk mendapatkan hak belajar dengan baik. Maka Pendidikan itu sendiri merupakan kebutuhan yang mutlak dibutuhkan oleh manusia sepanjang hayatnya, baik secara individu, kelompok sosial.

Dari sinilah proses pendidikan dapat di jalankan dengan baik tentunya dengan bimbingan seorang guru. Untuk menjadi guru juga wajib memenuhi beberapa kompetensi yang disyaratkan seperti yang termaktub dalam peraturan dalam undang-undang guru dan dosen, dan harus memenuhi criteria yang dipersyaratkan. Oleh karenanya analisis konsep dan implementasi penilaian kinerja guru menjadi tawaran penulis, dalam hal ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian hasil kinerja guru yang telah dilaksanakan dan diusahakannya.

Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian library research, merupakan jenis penilitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan ketajaman cara penulis membaca dan mentelaah dari berbagai literature dan sumber yang dijadikan sumber, selanjutnya penulis reduksi.

Konsep penilaian kinerja guru (PKG) Guru mempunyai dua ranah, yaitu pertama Untuk menilai kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan semua kompetensi dan keterampilan yang diperlukan pada proses pembelajaran, pembimbingan, atau pelaksanaan tugas tambahan yang relevan dengan fungsi sekolah/madrasah. Yang kedua Untuk menghitung angka kredit yang diperoleh guru atas kinerja dalam proses pembelajaran, pembimbingan, atau pelaksanaan tugas tambahan yang relevan dengan fungsi sekolah/madrasah yang dilakukannya pada tahun tersebut. Terlepas dari dua ranah tersebut PKG dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas SDM Guru. Sedangkan Analisis implementasi kinerja guru dapat di implementasikan dari empat kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang guru, yaitu: kompetensi pedagogi, kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi sosial, dan kompetensi profesional.
Teknik dan Penyusunan Insrumen Evaluasi Kognitif
Authors: . Syahri
Published: March 2022

In the learning process, evaluation is needed to know the learning results obtained by learners to develop their potential both knowledge (cognitive), attitude (affective), and skills (Psychmotor). The most basic thing that must be seen is in terms of knowledge (Cognitive). To make a good assessment in terms of knowledge, techniques and ways of preparing good instruments are also needed, especially in terms of knowledge (cognitive). In this scientific work will be discussed several techniques and preparation of knowledge evaluation (cognitive) including: a) Steps for The Preparation of Instruments Assessment of Learning Outcomes of Knowledge/Cognitive, b) Techniques for The Preparation of Learning Outcome Tests of Knowledge / Cognitive, and c) Non-Test Techniques for Assessment of Learning Outcomes of Knowledge / Cognitive Based on analysis of steps of preparing cognitive domain instruments, among others:  1) Defines the purpose and region of the test, 2) Outlines the material and behavioral limits to be measured, 3) Arranges a grid grid, 4) Selects the form of the test, 5) Determines the length of the test.
An Analysis of The English Textbook Entitled “Pathway to English” for Second Grade Students of Senior High School Based on Tomlinson’s Theory
Authors: Sholah Hanif Maulaniam , Rohma Cholifatur
Published: March 2022

English is one of the most widely spoken international official languages worldwide. In Indonesia, English is used as a subject at various school levels. Teaching English itself is not an easy thing, so the role of media is very important in the learning process. One of the learning media that is often used and easy to find is textbooks. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the textbook entitled Pathway to English with Tomlinson's theory. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a focus on library research. The object of research is an English textbook entitled Pathway to English. The theory used to analyze is Tomlinson's theory. Data collection technique is obtained by in-depth observation of English textbooks. The technique of analyzing data is by reading, reducing data, presenting data, and verifying data. The results of this study indicate that the Pathway to English textbook meets the sixteen criteria contained in Tomlinson's theory. So that the textbook is declared fit for use as a learning medium. The author provides suggestions to several parties, including the teacher to pay more attention when choosing textbooks to be used during learning. To the publisher, it is suggested to publish quality books so that it can help the learning process to reaches the intended target.
Socioeconomic and livelihood status of floodplain fish farmers in Kotalipara upazila, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Authors: HALIM MD ABDUL
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the socio-economic and livelihood status of adjacent floodplain fish farmers in Kotalipara upazila, Gopalganj, Bangladesh. A survey was conducted from July to December, 2020 to assess the present socio-economic status of the fish farmers in a floodplain of Gopalganj district. The survey revealed that the average age and experience of fish farmers were 40.50±14.5 and 17.5±7.15 years, respectively. It was also found that 76.64% of farmers were married, 21.50% were unmarried and 1.87% were widows. It was found that 62.60% fish farmers had a kacha house, 6.20% had a paka house, 26.60% had semi-paka house and only 4.70% had two storied. Sixty percent fish farmers have kacha toilets, 20 % semi-paka and 10% have no sanitary facilities. About 27% of fish farmers practiced monoculture fish culture and 73% farmers followed polyculture culture. It was tracked down that 48% of the fish farmers gathered fries/fingerlings from the fry merchants, 5% from the Govt. farms, 25% from the neighborhood nursery, 10% from personal nursery and extra 12% from local hatcheries. In the survey region about 15% fish farmers manage aquatic weeds, 25% fish farmers dried out their water reservoir, 55% fish farmers refit the pond dykes and 5% fish farmers eradicate the bed sludge. At the end of the study, 25% fish farmers said that economic well-being has improved exceptionally, 55% fish farmers said that social situations have improved marginally and 20% fish farmers are static. In the final part of the study, 73% fish farmers reported that they used loose feed, 9% used pellets and 18% used both types. In the survey location, fish production was 2,964 kg/ha. All fish farmers were fully dependent on floodplain fishery for their livelihood. It is possible to uplift their socioeconomic status by managing the floodplain with improved technology.
Main directions of detection of malignant neoplasms of leading localizations in rural municipal districts
Authors: Novikova S. V. , Vazhenin A. V. , Tyukov Yu. A. , Kotov A. A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The leading localizations of malignant neoplasms in terms of detection frequency in Russia are breast cancer (BC) and uterine cancer by women (RTM) — 51.8 and 18.3%, accordingly, by men — lung cancer (RL) and prostate cancer (PC) — 47.4 and 41.4%, respectively. Study objective was the identification of the main reasons of the high level of neglect of cancer of the leading localizations among residents of rural municipalities of the Chelyabinsk region. Material and methods. The study was carried out on the general population of people living in 5 rural municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk region, included by the Ministry of Health of the region in the Magnitogorsk oncological cluster, with malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland and the body of the uterus, lung and prostate gland (total 1696 observation units). Results. During medical examinations in basic rural municipal areas, the detection of breast cancer and RTM  is in the range from 0.1  to 0.3 cases and 0.04 to 0.1 cases per 100 examined women, prostate cancer — 0.04-0.1 per 100 examined men. In medical examination suits, the detection is even lower — from 0.005 to 0.03 cases and 0.007 to 0.02 cases per 100 women and 0.01 to 0.05 cases per 100 men. The levels of cancer detection in rural areas are substantially lower than similar indicators among the urban population. Only when RL is detected, medical examinations of the rural population do not lag behind the indicators of the townspeople in their effectiveness. Discussion. The oncological epidemiological situation in municipal areas of the Magnitogorsk oncological cluster can be characterized as extremely unsatisfactory, due to a lower level of registered morbidity than in the city and to the low efficiency of active methods for detecting cancer. Conclusion. The lower incidence of malignant neoplasms in rural areas compared to urban indicators is due to the low efficiency of active methods for detecting neoplasms. The main way to identify malignant neoplasms of the leading localizations, with the exception of individual years of follow-up, is the independent appeal of rural patients to an oncologist, which causes a high level of neglect.
Clinical and functional characteristics and comorbidity in postmenopausal patients taking low doses of cholecalciferol
Authors: Izmozherova N. V. , Popov A. A. , Ryabinina A. V. , Vikhareva A. A. , Safianik E. A. , Spevak A. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Vitamin D supplementation has been globally reported to be of paramount importance in treating and preventing a wide range of comorbid diseases in postmenopausal women but population-based screening for 25(OH)D levels is not currently part of recommendations.The aim of the studywas to assess the low doses cholecalciferol supplementation impact on the 25 (OH) D status, clinical and functional status and comorbidity in late postmenopausal residents of Ekaterinburg.Material and methods. During the period from October 2018 to March 2020, 145 independently living postmenopausal residents of Ekaterinburg were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Two groups were identified: 32 persons of Group 1 reported taking 400-2000 IU per day cholecalciferol during at least 6 months (n = 32) before enrollement and 113 women of Group 2 reported no previous cholecalciferol supplementation. Serum 25(OH)VitD level was assessed by the ECLIA method. Known comorbid conditions were registered. Modified menopausal index (MMI), HADS anxiety and depression scales, short form for quality of life evaluation (SF36), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), hand dynamometry, 6-minute walk test, standing up test and tandem test were performed.Results. Supplementation of 400 to 2000 IU of cholecalciferol during at least 6 months was associated with significantly higher serum 25(OH)D level (p <0.00001, Mann-Whitney test), but in 46.7% of cases (p <0.001; χ2= 31.49). Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were significantly less frequent in Group 1 (p = 0.038, χ2= 6.548). In this setting, there were no associations of cholecalciferol supplementation with cognitive function, the severity of menopausal disorders, anxiety and depression, and the quality of life in late postmenopausal patients.Discussion. In general, the results obtained are consistent with the data of previous studies in postmenopausal women, but cannot be extrapolated to the general population.Conclusion. 400 to 2000 IU per day cholecalciferol supplementation for 6 months did not ensure adequate serum vitamin D level in 46.7% late postmenopausal women but was associated with significantly higher serum vitamin D level than in a comparison group.
Dexmedetomidine in anesthesia for planned endovascular myocardial revascularization
Authors: Tsarkov A. V. , Levit A. L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Endovascular stenting of coronary arteries is an effective, minimally invasive and rapidly developing method of coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment. The question regarding the choice of a drug for adequate and safe monitoring sedation in patients during this type of surgical procedures remains open. The aim of the study was to discuss a clinical case of dexmedetomidine in elective endovascular stenting of coronary arteries. Materials and methods. A clinical case of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia during elective stenting of the right coronary artery and its analgesic effect in the development of right coronary artery (RCA) dissection are described. Results. Patient S., 72 years old, after planned endovascular stenting of the right coronary artery with 3 stents at the time of his admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) had no angina pains and sternal discomfort. The patient was transferred to the specialized department 8 hours after stenting in a stable condition. Serum cardiospecific troponin T level was less than 0.2 ng/ml 6 hours after RCA stenting. No negative dynamics was described on the control ECG after surgical intervention. Discussion. Dexmedetomidine has a proven analgesic effect due to its direct effect on the peripheral nervous system. Conclusion. The use of dexmedetomidine has its place in periprocedural sedation in patients with coronary heart disease during planned endovascular coronary artery stenting, including patients with significant (over 90%) and extended coronary artery stenoses. The clinical use of dexmedetomidine in elective minimally invasive coronary interventions requires closer attention and study.