bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verfahrenskonzept zur Überwachung von Klebverbindungen im Glasbau
Authors: Thiede Holger , Kahlmeyer Martin , Böhm Stefan
Published: April 2013

Die Klebtechnik ist seit vielen Jahren ein etabliertes Fügeverfahren. Jedoch unterliegen die Klebverbindungen Alterungsprozessen, die insbesondere im Bereich des Glas‐ und Stahlbaus, wo eine hohe Sicherheitsrelevanz vorausgesetzt wird, eine adäquate Überwachung und Kontrolle unerlässlich machen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Konzept für ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt, bei dem eine Schädigung vor dem Versagen durch den Einsatz mikroverkapselter Zusatzstoffe angezeigt werden kann. Die Zusatzstoffe, die sowohl Duft‐ als auch Farbstoffe sein können, werden verkapselt in die Klebstoffe eingebracht. Bei Schädigung oder Überlast der Fügeverbindung werden die Kapseln zerstört und somit die Zusatzstoffe freigesetzt. Die ausgetretenen Stoffe können mittels geeigneter Messsysteme nachgewiesen und so eine beginnende Schädigung der Fügeverbindung frühzeitig angezeigt werden. Der Beitrag zeigt die Ergebnisse von Vorversuchen einer ersten Machbarkeitsuntersuchung.

Method for monitoring of adhesive bonds in glass constructions. For many years the bonding technology has been an established joining technology. Unfortunately, these adhesive bonds are exposed to ageing processes, which make adequate surveillance and controls necessary. Especially in the field of glass or steel constructions, were demands on security are very high. In this article, we would like to introduce a concept of a new technology, which allows to detect damages in the joint before the joint collapses, using micro‐encapsulated additional substances. These additional substances, that can consist of either fragrant substances or dyestuffs, are formulated into the specific adhesive. If the bond is either damaged or overloaded, the micro‐capsules break and the substances are set free. Using the right techniques, these substances can then be detected and the damage in the joint can be identified at an early stage. The article shows results of a first feasibility study.
Projektbericht: Leichte Vorsatzschale aus geklebtem Acrylglas an der Vitra VSL Factory
Authors: Michel Matthias , Techen Holger
Published: April 2013

Acrylglas ist in der industrialisierten Welt allgegenwärtig, als Baumaterial ist es Architekten, Fassadenplanern und Ingenieuren dennoch fremd. Die Autoren konnten in den Jahren des digitalen Aufbruchs immer wieder unkonventionelle Glas‐ und Acrylglas‐Projekte auf der Ingenieurseite betreuen. Dieser Aufsatz soll anhand des jüngsten Projektes, der Fassade an der Vitra VSL Factory von SANAA Architekten aufzeigen, welche Potenziale das Material insbesondere im Zusammenwirken mit einer innovativen Klebetechnik hat.

Project report: lightweight bonded Acrylic facing at the Vitra VSL Factory. In the industrialized world, acrylic glass is omnipresent, however as material for building components it is rarely known by architects and engineers. During the years of the digital revolution, the authors could gather experience in engineering of numerous free form glass and acrylic facades and envelopes. By presentation of their work for the most recent project, the Vitra VSL Factory façade by SANAA Architects, the authors show the potential as well as the constraints of the work with silicone‐bonded acrylic glass.
Sonnenschutz im Scheibenzwischenraum
Authors: Fahrion Marc‐Steffen , Dörr Waldemar , Stiglauer Werner , Reich Stefan
Published: April 2013

Im Zuge des Klimawandels wird die Bedeutung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes weiter zunehmen. Um die Behaglichkeit im Sommer mit geringem Energiebedarf sicherstellen zu können, sind wirkungsvolle Sonnenschutzsysteme von zentraler Bedeutung. Hierbei kann den Sonnenschutzsystemen im Scheibenzwischenraum wegen der witterungsunabhängigen Betriebsweise und der Möglichkeit zur Automation eine wichtige Rolle zufallen. Der aktuelle Stand der Technik und die Grenzen der Systeme werden vorgestellt. Zudem werden Planungsempfehlungen aus der langjährigen praktischen Erfahrung gegeben. Ein umgesetztes Projekt, das die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung im denkmalgeschützten Bereich aufzeigt, rundet die Betrachtung ab.

Insulating glazing units with integral blinds. In the context of climate change the importance of protection against summer overheating is going to rise. To ensure comfortable internal conditions with little energy demand effective sun protection is essential. Integral blinds can be operated regardless of the weather conditions and they can be automatized. The state of the art and the limitations of the systems are presented. Based on practical experience planning recommendations are formulated. The application to a listed building is explained.
Schallschutz mit Glas
Authors: Elstner Michael , Broich Markus , Goldau Denise , Schäfer Steffen
Published: April 2013

Mit zunehmender Lärmbelastung von Anwohnern in Innenstädten nimmt der Wunsch nach ausreichendem Schallschutz zu. Die Reduzierung der Lärmbelästigung ist schon bei der Planung zu beachten. Somit kommt dem baulichen Schallschutz eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Der Baustoff Glas erfreut sich zunehmender Beliebtheit, was sich an größer werdenden Glasflächen in der Gebäudehülle darstellt. Es gibt mittlerweile viele Anforderungen an Fassade, Fenster und Glas in Gebäudehülle und Innenausbau. Neben der Wärmedämmung sollte ein ausreichender Schallschutz erfüllt werden. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, auf Basis eines aktuellen Merkblatts des Bundesverbandes Flachglas “Schallschutz mit Glas“, Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten der Schalldämmung mit Glas, um in der Planungs‐ und Ausführungsphase die richtigen Hinweise zu geben, wie der Schallschutz mit Glas verbessert wird und welche Einflüsse Schallschutzmaßnahmen haben.

Acoustic Insulation with Glass. As a result of increasing noise pollution in inner‐city areas affecting residents the demand also increases for adequate acoustic insulation. The reduction of noise pollution must be taken into account already at concept stage. As a result structural components are of special importance. Glass is more and more favoured as a building material, a development which finds visible expression in larger proportions of transparent envelopes. Nowadays many requirements exist not only on facades and windows but also as an element for interior design. In addition to thermal insulation adequate acoustic insulation shall also be provided. The present paper points out, based on the Fact Sheet “Acoustic Insulation With Glass” issued by the Bundesverband Flachglas, both the foundations and possibilities of sound insulation with glass, in order to provide the right hints already at the concept and design stage and during execution. This includes how sound insulation with glass can be improved and the influence of the different measurements on it.
Primärenergieeinsparung durch edelgasgefüllte Isolierverglasungen
Authors: Reich Stefan , Weller Bernhard , Fahrion Marc‐Steffen
Published: April 2013

Durch den Einsatz von modernen Mehrscheiben‐Isolierverglasungen lässt sich der Primärenergiebedarf von Gebäuden senken. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Verglasungen werden anhand eines typischen Einfamilienhauses dargelegt und auf volkswirtschaftliche Größen extrapoliert. Besondere Beachtung erfordert die Sicherstellung einer dauerhaften Edelgasfüllung, die stark von der Fertigungsqualität des Randverbundes, der aus einer Vielzahl von Komponenten und Materialien hergestellt wird, abhängt.

Energy saving by means of gas filled insulating glazing. The use of modern insulating glazing enables a reduction of the energy consumption of buildings. The general economic effect of different glazing types on the German economy is derived by means of energy consumption calculations of a single house. Especially the production quality of the edge sealing with its numerous components and materials influences the long term insulation effect of the gas filling.
Tragverhalten von nicht‐monolithischen Glasverbundträgern für große Spannweiten
Authors: Trösch Erich , Baumgärtner Thomas
Published: April 2013

In der modernen Architektur wird Glas verstärkt als Konstruktionsmaterial eingesetzt. So werden Glasschwerter, Dachträger, Fassadenstützen und sogar ganze Glasbrücken aus Verbundsicherheitsglas hergestellt. In der Vergangenheit war man jedoch von den realisierbaren Dimensionen sehr eingeschränkt. Glas Trösch hat die Herausforderung angenommen und hat erstmals auf der glasstec 2010 in Düsseldorf einen 21 m langen Verbundglasträger präsentiert. (Bild 1‐1 und 1‐2) Diese Weltneuheit traf bei Architekten und Bauherrn auf sehr großes Interesse. Dies hat das Unternehmen Glas Trösch dazu bewegt, das Tragverhalten von derartig großen Trägern wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen.

Load‐bearing behaviour of non‐monolithic glass laminate beams for wide spans. In modern architecture, glass is increasingly being used as a structural material. For example, glass fins, roof beams, facade supports and even entire glass bridges are being made from laminated safety glass. In the past, however, this was much restricted by the achievable dimensions. Glas Trösch took up the challenge, presenting for the first time a 21 meter long laminated glass beam at the glasstec 2010 in Düsseldorf. (Figures 1‐1 and 1‐2) This world‐first met with considerable interest from architects and builders. That prompted the company to conduct a scientific investigation on the load‐bearing behaviour of large beams of this type.
Analytic probability distributions for snow‐dominated streamflow
Authors: Schaefli B. , Rinaldo A. , Botter G.
Published: April 2013

Key Points

Analytic model for the probability distribution of snow‐dominated streamflow

Stochastic framework to link precipitation (rain, snow) and streamflow dynamics

14 case studies confirm progress in statistical characterization of streamflow
Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: The Safety and Efficacy of Conversion Therapy Using Hepatic Arterial Infusion Immunochemotherapy with 5‐Fluorouracil and Polyethylene Glycol‐Interferon α‐2a
Authors: Nakai Takuya , Okuno Kiyotaka , Kitaguchi Hiroshi , Ishikawa Hajime , Yamasaki Mitsuo
Published: April 2013

Background

Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) or systemic chemotherapy has been used to treat unresectable colorectal liver metastases. The prognosis of the disease in recent years has been improved because chemotherapy is performed before hepatectomy to reduce tumor size (conversion therapy). The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of conversion therapy following HAI immunochemotherapy.

Methods

Hepatic arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐IFNα‐2a was performed in 21 patients. The primary endpoint was the safety of HAI and hepatectomy. The secondary endpoints were response rate, rate of conversion to hepatectomy, survival rate, and prognostic factors.

Results

With regard to side effects, drugs were discontinued temporarily in one patient because of a decrease in white blood cell count; however, other patients continued chemotherapy. The response rate with HAI was 61.9 %, and the conversion rate was 38.1 %. Hepatectomy was completed successfully without mortality. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 11.5 months (with and without conversion, 16.7 and 4.8 months, respectively; p = 0.021). Median overall survival was 34.6 months (with and without conversion, 48.4 and 26.6 months, respectively; p = 0.003). Prognosis was poor when the number of metastatic tumors was ≥10 [PFS: hazard ratio (HR) 32.21, p = 0.003; overall survival (OS): HR 9.13, p = 0.07], but prognosis improved after hepatectomy (OS: HR 0.08, p = 0.09).

Conclusions

Hepatic arterial infusion immunochemotherapy with 5‐FU/PEG‐IFNα‐2a was performed safely without major side effects. Prognosis is expected to improve after successful conversion to hepatectomy.
It Takes a Village: The Effects of 10th Grade College‐Going Expectations of Students, Parents, and Teachers Four Years Later
Authors: Gregory Anne , Huang Francis
Published: April 2013

Adolescents are surrounded by people who have expectations about their college‐going potential. Yet, few studies have examined the link between these multiple sources of college‐going expectations and the actual status of students in postsecondary education years later. The study draws on data collected in the 2002–2006 Educational Longitudinal Study and employs an underutilized statistical technique (cross‐classified multilevel modeling) to account for teacher reports on overlapping groups of students (typical of high school research). Results showed that positive expectations of students, parents, English, and mathematics teachers in the 10th grade each uniquely predicted postsecondary status 4 years later. As a group, the four sources of expectations explained greater variance in postsecondary education than student characteristics such as socioeconomic status and academic performance. This suggests positive expectations are additive and promotive for students regardless of their risk status. Teacher expectations were also found to be protective for low income students. Implications for future expectancy research and equity‐focused interventions are discussed.
Carnitine supplementation attenuates myocardial lipid accumulation in long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase knockout mice
Authors: Bakermans Adrianus J. , van Weeghel Michel , Denis Simone , Nicolay Klaas , Prompers Jeanine J. , Houten Sander M.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

Elevation of long‐chain acylcarnitine levels is a hallmark of long‐chain mitochondrial β‐oxidation (FAO) disorders, and can be accompanied by secondary carnitine deficiency. To restore free carnitine levels, and to increase myocardial export of long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoA esters, supplementation of L‐carnitine in patients has been proposed. However, carnitine supplementation is controversial, because it may enhance the potentially lipotoxic buildup of long‐chain acylcarnitines in the FAO‐deficient heart. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the effects of carnitine supplementation in an animal model of long‐chain FAO deficiency, the long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) knockout (KO) mouse.

Methods

Cardiac size and function, and triglyceride (TG) levels were quantified using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in LCAD KO and wild‐type (WT) mice. Carnitine was supplemented orally for 4 weeks starting at 5 weeks of age. Non‐supplemented animals served as controls. In vivo data were complemented with ex vivo biochemical assays.

Results

LCAD KO mice displayed cardiac hypertrophy and elevated levels of myocardial TG compared to WT mice. Carnitine supplementation lowered myocardial TG, normalizing myocardial TG levels in LCAD KO mice. Furthermore, carnitine supplementation did not affect cardiac performance and hypertrophy, or induce an accumulation of potentially toxic long‐chain acylcarnitines in the LCAD KO heart.

Conclusion

This study lends support to the proposed beneficial effect of carnitine supplementation alleviating toxicity by exporting acylcarnitines out of the FAO‐deficient myocardium, rather than to the concern about a potentially detrimental effect of supplementation‐induced production of lipotoxic long‐chain acylcarnitines.
The Ancient Dancer in the Modern World: Responses to Greek and Roman Dance edited by Fiona Macintosh; Modernism's Mythic Pose: Gender, Genre, Solo Performance by Carrie J. Preston
Authors: Bassi Karen
Published: April 2013

Perhaps the best-known dancer from Greek antiquity is Hippocleides, who was a suitor for the hand of the daughter of Cleisthenes, the tyrant of Sicyon in the sixth century BCE. According to Herodotus, Hippocleides was “the most outstanding man in Athens for his wealth and good looks,” and Cleisthenes preferred him for his son-in-law “because of his courage” (or “manly virtue,” andragathiê) and because he was related to the Cypselidae of Corinth (Histories 6.127–8). On the day Cleisthenes was to make his decision, however, things took a wrong turn (Histories 6.129.2–4; trans. Waterfield 1998):

After the meal, the suitors competed with one another at singing and at public speaking. As the drinking progressed, Hippocleides had a clear lead over the others, but then he told the pipe-player to strike up a tune, and when the musician did so he began to dance (orchêsato). Now, although Hippocleides liked his own dancing a lot, Cleisthenes was beginning to look on the whole business askance. After a while, Hippocleides stopped momentarily and asked for a table to be brought in. When the table arrived there, he first danced a Laconian dance on it, then some Attic figures, and finally stood on his head on the table and waggled his feet around. Hippocleides' uninhibited dancing of the first and second sets of figures had already put Cleisthenes off having him as a son-in-law, but he kept silent because he did not want to scold him. When he saw him making hand gestures with his legs (echeironomêse), however, he could no longer restrain himself. “Son of Tisander,” he said, “you have danced away (aporchêsao) your marriage.” The young man replied, “Hippocleides doesn't care! And that is how the proverb arose.
The Colossi from the Early Shrine at Coptos in Egypt
Authors: Kemp Barry , Boyce Andrew , Harrell James
Published: April 2013

For more than a hundred years the three colossal limestone figures from Coptos have challenged anyone wishing to write on the development of culture and society in early Egypt. Beginning from a fuller documentation of the three, a reconstruction of their original context is proposed, namely, an array of standing stones, a type of sacred structure of which a growing number of examples are known in the region. A study of the signs carved on their sides answers recent speculations that they record the names of early kings. Both the colossi and the system of symbols to which the signs belong represent a culture which, in consequence of a thoroughgoing ancient process of redefinition, was subsequently overlaid by the significantly different culture of Pharaonic Egypt.
Normal Numbers and the Normality Measure
Authors: AISTLEITNER CHRISTOPH
Published: April 2013

In a paper published in this journal, Alon, Kohayakawa, Mauduit, Moreira and Rödl proved that the minimal possible value of the normality measure of an N-element binary sequence satisfies

\begin{equation*}
\biggl( \frac{1}{2} + o(1) \biggr) \log_2 N \leq \min_{E_N \in \{0,1\}^N} \mathcal{N}(E_N) \leq 3 N^{1/3} (\log N)^{2/3}
\end{equation*}

for sufficiently large N, and conjectured that the lower bound can be improved to some power of N. In this note it is observed that a construction of Levin of a normal number having small discrepancy gives a construction of a binary sequence EN with (EN) = O((log N)2), thus disproving the conjecture above.
The interplay between RPGR, PDEδ and Arl2/3 regulate the ciliary targeting of farnesylated cargo
Authors: Wätzlich Denise , Vetter Ingrid , Gotthardt Katja , Miertzschke Mandy , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Wittinghofer Alfred , Ismail Shehab
Published: April 2013

Defects in primary cilia result in human diseases known as ciliopathies. The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR), mutated in the most severe form of the eye disease, is located at the transition zone of the ciliary organelle. The RPGR‐interacting partner PDEδ is involved in trafficking of farnesylated ciliary cargo, but the significance of this interaction is unknown. The crystal structure of the propeller domain of RPGR shows the location of patient mutations and how they perturb the structure. The RPGR·PDEδ complex structure shows PDEδ on a highly conserved surface patch of RPGR. Biochemical experiments and structural considerations show that RPGR can bind with high affinity to cargo‐loaded PDEδ and exposes the Arl2/Arl3‐binding site on PDEδ. On the basis of these results, we propose a model where RPGR is acting as a scaffold protein recruiting cargo‐loaded PDEδ and Arl3 to release lipidated cargo into cilia.
Viscous cavities
Authors: Le Goff Anne , Quéré David , Clanet Christophe
Published: April 2013

We study experimentally the impact of solid spheres in a viscous liquid at moderate Reynolds numbers (Re ∼ 5–100). We first determine the drag force by following the slowdown dynamics of projectiles. We then focus on the shape of the free surface: such impacts generate cavities, whose original shape is described and modeled.
Deep level defects in n-type GaAsBi and GaAs grown at low temperatures
Authors: Mooney P. M. , Watkins K. P. , Jiang Zenan , Basile A. F. , Lewis R. B. , Bahrami-Yekta V. , Masnadi-Shirazi M. , Beaton D. A. , Tiedje T.
Published: April 2013

Deep level defects in n-type GaAs1−xBix having 0 < x < 0.012 and GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at substrate temperatures between 300 and 400 °C have been investigated by Deep Level Capacitance Spectroscopy. Incorporating Bi suppresses the formation of an electron trap with activation energy 0.40 eV, thus reducing the total trap concentration in dilute GaAsBi layers by more than a factor of 20 compared to GaAs grown under the same conditions. We find that the dominant traps in dilute GaAsBi layers are defect complexes involving AsGa, as expected for MBE growth at these temperatures.
Role of electron-electron interference in ultrafast time-resolved imaging of electronic wavepackets
Authors: Dixit Gopal , Santra Robin
Published: April 2013

Ultrafast time-resolved x-ray scattering is an emerging approach to image the dynamical evolution of the electronic charge distribution during complex chemical and biological processes in real-space and real-time. Recently, the differences between semiclassical and quantum-electrodynamical (QED) theory of light-matter interaction for scattering of ultrashort x-ray pulses from the electronic wavepacket were formally demonstrated and visually illustrated by scattering patterns calculated for an electronic wavepacket in atomic hydrogen [G. Dixit, O. Vendrell, and R. Santra, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 11636 (2012)]10.1073/pnas.1202226109. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of time-resolved x-ray scattering from a sample containing a mixture of non-stationary and stationary electrons within both the theories. In a many-electron system, the role of scattering interference between a non-stationary and several stationary electrons to the total scattering signal is investigated. In general, QED and semiclassical theory provide different results for the contribution from the scattering interference, which depends on the energy resolution of the detector and the x-ray pulse duration. The present findings are demonstrated by means of a numerical example of x-ray time-resolved imaging for an electronic wavepacket in helium. It is shown that the time-dependent scattering interference vanishes within semiclassical theory and the corresponding patterns are dominated by the scattering contribution from the time-independent interference, whereas the time-dependent scattering interference contribution do not vanish in the QED theory and the patterns are dominated by the scattering contribution from the non-stationary electron scattering.
Direct synthesis of large size ferromagnetic SmCo5 nanoparticles by a gas-phase condensation method
Authors: He Shihai , Jing Ying , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: April 2013

Ferromagnetic SmCo5 nanoparticles with large size have been directly synthesized by a magnetron-sputtering-based gas-phase condensation method. Based on this method, we studied the effect of thermodynamic environment for the growth of SmCo5 nanoparticles. It was found that the well-crystallized SmCo5 nanoparticle tends to form a hexagonal disk shape with its easy axis perpendicular to the disk plane. More importantly, under the condition of high sputtering current, well-crystallized nanoparticles were found to be formed through a three-stage growth process: aggregation, coalescence, and second crystallization.
Conceptual design of the tangentially viewing combined interferometer-polarimeter for ITER density measurements
Authors: Van Zeeland M. A. , Boivin R. L. , Brower D. L. , Carlstrom T. N. , Chavez J. A. , Ding W. X. , Feder R. , Johnson D. , Lin L. , O’Neill R. C. , Watts C.
Published: April 2013

One of the systems planned for the measurement of electron density in ITER is a multi-channel tangentially viewing combined interferometer-polarimeter (TIP). This work discusses the current status of the design, including a preliminary optical table layout, calibration options, error sources, and performance projections based on a CO2/CO laser system. In the current design, two-color interferometry is carried out at 10.59 μm and 5.42 μm and a separate polarimetry measurement of the plasma induced Faraday effect, utilizing the rotating wave technique, is made at 10.59 μm. The inclusion of polarimetry provides an independent measure of the electron density and can also be used to correct the conventional two-color interferometer for fringe skips at all densities, up to and beyond the Greenwald limit. The system features five chords with independent first mirrors to reduce risks associated with deposition, erosion, etc., and a common first wall hole to minimize penetration sizes. Simulations of performance for a projected ITER baseline discharge show the diagnostic will function as well as, or better than, comparable existing systems for feedback density control. Calculations also show that finite temperature effects will be significant in ITER even for moderate temperature plasmas and can lead to a significant underestimate of electron density. A secondary role TIP will fulfill is that of a density fluctuation diagnostic; using a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode as an example, simulations show TIP will be extremely robust in this capacity and potentially able to resolve coherent mode fluctuations with perturbed densities as low as δn/n ≈ 10−5.
From organic single crystals to solution processed thin-films: Charge transport and trapping with varying degree of order
Authors: Willa K. , Häusermann R. , Mathis T. , Facchetti A. , Chen Z. , Batlogg B.
Published: April 2013

We have fabricated single crystal, thermally evaporated, and spin-coated thin-film transistors (TFTs) from the same organic semiconductor N,N′-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylene carboxydiimide (PDIF-CN2) using various combinations of deposition methods and gate dielectrics to investigate how the charge transport properties vary with the degree of crystalline order. Never before has a semiconductor been studied in such a wide variety of processing methods, allowing cross-comparison of the microscopic factors influencing the charge transport, and in particular the trap density of states (DOS). Excellent transistor performance was achieved for PDIF-CN2 single crystals in combination with Cytop as a dielectric layer resulting in a mobility of up to 6 cm2/Vs, an on/off-ratio exceeding 108, and a subthreshold swing of 0.45 V/dec. Furthermore, gate-bias-stress effects are not present in these transistors and we observed low stress effects in the evaporated TFTs with Cytop as the gate dielectric. These findings are reflected in the trap DOS. The single crystal field-effect transistor with Cytop has a low trap DOS, whereas in evaporated TFTs, the trap DOS is higher by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, the trap DOS of the spin-coated TFT is similar to that in evaporated TFTs, except for additional discrete trap states centered around 0.24 eV below the conduction band.
Quantum critical behaviour in the (Cr97.8Si2.2)100−yMoy alloy system
Authors: Sheppard C. J. , Prinsloo A. R. E. , Fernando P. R. , Venter A. M. , Strydom A. M. , Peterson V. K.
Published: April 2013

The Cr-Si system offers an ideal reference alloy as a case study to follow the evolution of the well-known first-order magnetic transition in dilute Cr-Si by doping with Mo, which is iso-electronic with Cr. This alloy system, in addition, then also offers the opportunity to search for effects of quantum criticality (QC) associated with the process of driving the Néel transition temperature (TN) to zero. Previous investigations on the ternary (Cr97.8Si2.2)100−yMoy alloy system (0 ≤ y ≤ 9) indicated possible quantum critical behaviour at a critical concentration yc ≈ 3.8. The present paper extends these studies to additional concentrations in the alloy series, as well as to explore key indicators of QC, such as Hall coefficient (RH) and magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements. Recent results indicate the possible existence of two critical points in the (Cr97.8Si2.2)100−yMoy alloy system. The first critical point at yc1 is postulated to be related to the concentration where the first-order transition gives way to a second-order-like continuous magnetic phase transition. Behaviour normally associated with QC is observed at the second critical concentration yc2, accompanying a transition to paramagnetism.
FONO: A difficult case for theory. The ELF and ELI-D topological studies on the chemical bonding using correlated wavefunctions
Authors: Berski Slawomir , Gordon Agnieszka J. , Latajka Zdzislaw
Published: April 2013

The complicated nature of the chemical bonding in cis and trans isomers of F–O–N=O is discussed based on the results obtained from the topological analysis of electron localization function (η) (ELF), electron localizability index (${\rm Y}_D^\sigma$YDσ), and electron density (ρ). The calculations have been performed for correlated wavefunctions using the CCSD and CASSCF methods. The F–O1 bond with non-bonding basins, V(F) and V′(O1), belongs to the protocovalent type (η,${\rm Y}_D^\sigma$YDσ) and its total population ranges between 0.2 and 0.4e. The central N–O1 bond in the cis form is protocovalent (η, ${\rm Y}_D^\sigma$YDσ) with two basins, V(N) and V(O1). The total population oscillates between 0.7 and 0.9e. In the trans isomer, topology of ELF depends on used method. At the CCSD level only one non-bonding basin, V(N), is observed (η). Its population is about 0.5e. According to the definition of a heteronuclear charge-shift (CS) bond, only N–O1 bond in trans-FONO belongs to the CS class. A relation between η- and ρ-topology and N–O1 bond length is discussed.
Ab initio ro-vibrational spectroscopy of the group 11 cyanides: CuCN, AgCN, and AuCN
Authors: Grant Hill J. , Mitrushchenkov Alexander O. , Peterson Kirk A.
Published: April 2013

Accurate near-equilibrium potential energy and dipole moment functions have been calculated for the linear coinage-metal cyanides CuCN, AgCN, and AuCN using coupled cluster methods and sequences of correlation consistent basis sets. The explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12b method is used for the potential energy surfaces (PESs) with inclusion of core correlation, and is combined with contributions from molecular spin-orbit coupling, scalar relativity, and effects due to higher order electron correlation. The resulting composite PESs are used in both perturbative and variational calculations of the ro-vibrational spectra. In addition to accurate equilibrium geometries, the ro-vibrational spectra are predicted, which are found to be relatively intense in the 200–600 cm−1 range due to the bending and metal–carbon stretching modes. The CN stretch near 2165 cm−1 is also predicted to carry enough intensity to allow its observation by experiment. A strong Fermi-resonance is predicted between the first overtone of the bend and the fundamental of the metal–carbon stretch for both CuCN and AgCN. The heats of formation at 0 K are predicted from their calculated atomization energies to be 89.8, 88.6, and 104.5 kcal mol−1 for CuCN, AgCN, and AuCN, respectively.
High-pressure synthesis of noble metal hydrides
Authors: Donnerer Christian , Scheler Thomas , Gregoryanz Eugene
Published: April 2013

The formation of hydride phases in the noble metals copper, silver, and gold was investigated by in situ x-ray diffraction at high hydrogen pressures. In the case of copper, a novel hexagonal hydride phase, Cu2H, was synthesised at pressures above 18.6 GPa. This compound exhibits an anti-CdI2-type structure, where hydrogen atoms occupy every second layer of octahedral interstitial sites. In contrast to chemically produced CuH, this phase does not show a change in compressibility compared to pure copper. Furthermore, repeated compression (after decomposition of Cu2H) led to the formation of cubic copper hydride at 12.5 GPa, a phenomenon attributed to an alteration of the microstructure during dehydrogenation. No hydrides of silver (up to 87 GPa) or gold (up to 113 GPa) were found at both room and high temperatures.
An experimental apparatus for simultaneously measuring Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity from 100 K to 600 K
Authors: Guan Aiqiang , Wang Hanfu , Jin Hao , Chu Weiguo , Guo Yanjun , Lu Guiwu
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we report a fully automated experimental apparatus for measuring Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of a sample simultaneously in a temperature range of 100–600 K. The Seebeck coefficient is measured using a quasi-steady temperature differential method in which two ceramic heaters are employed to alternately heat the sample. The sample holder is designed to reduce temperature disturbance on its base during a measurement cycle. To demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the experimental setup, we have performed tests on reference materials including constantan and platinum.
Finger-like pattern formation in dilute surfactant pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether solutions
Authors: Kubo Yoshihide , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shinpei
Published: April 2013

We report here peculiar finger-like patterns observed during the phase separation process of dilute micellar pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether solutions. The patterns were composed of parallel and periodic threads of micelle-rich domains. Prior to this pattern formation, the phase separation always started with the appearance of water-rich domains rimmed by the micelle-rich domains. It was found that these rims played a significant role in the pattern formation. We explain this pattern formation using a simple simulation model with disconnectable springs. The simulation results suggested that the spatially inhomogeneous elasticity or connectivity of a transient gel of worm-like micelles was responsible for the rim formation. The rims thus formed lead rim-induced nucleation, growth, and elongation of the domains owing to their small mobility and the elastic frustration around them. These rim-induced processes eventually produce the observed finger-like patterns.
Band gaps from the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson approach: A systematic investigation
Authors: Jiang Hong
Published: April 2013

The semi-local Becke-Johnson (BJ) exchange-correlation potential and its modified form proposed by Tran and Blaha (TB-mBJ) have attracted a lot of interest recently because of the surprisingly accurate band gaps they can deliver for many semiconductors and insulators. In this work, we have investigated the performance of the TB-mBJ potential for the description of electronic band structures in a comprehensive set of semiconductors and insulators. We point out that a perturbative use of the TB-mBJ potential can give overall better results. By investigating a set of IIB-VI and III-V semiconductors, we point out that although the TB-mBJ approach can describe the band gap of these materials quite well, the binding energies of semi-core d-states in these materials deviate strongly from experiment. The difficulty of the TB-mBJ potential to describe the localized states is likely the cause for the fact that the electronic band structures of Cu2O and La2O3 are still poorly described. Based on these observations, we propose to combine the TB-mBJ approach with the Hubbard U correction for localized d/f states, which is able to provide overall good descriptions for both the band gaps and semi-core states binding energies. We further apply the approach to calculate the band gaps of a set of Ti(IV)-oxides, many of which have complicated structures so that the more advanced methods like GW are expensive to treat directly. An overall good agreement with experiment is obtained, which is remarkable considering its little computational efforts compared to GW.
A critical re-assignment of the Rydberg states of iodomethane based on new polarization data
Authors: Donovan Robert J. , Hennessy John T. , Lawley Kenneth P. , Ridley Trevor
Published: April 2013

2- and 3-photon excitation of components of the lower Rydberg states of iodomethane (CH3I) using linearly and circularly polarized light, followed by ionization with one more photon, is used to determine their molecular term symbol, Ω, values as well as quantum defects. These Ω values, together with a detailed theoretical analysis, require a re-assignment of the 7s and 8s states to various components of the 5d and 6d states, but there is evidence of (n+2)s/nd hybridization in the pairs of Ω = 1 states. Predissociation sets in for all Rydberg states beyond 6d based on the ground (2Π3/2) state of the core, but sharp autoionizing resonances based on the 2Π1/2 core state are assigned to the 9s, 7d, and 5f states. The dominant effect of the singlet/triplet character of the Rydberg states on their accessibility from the ground state, seen in bromomethane and chloromethane, is again apparent and a concordant interpretation of the Rydberg spectra of CH3I can now be presented. Evidence for coupling of some Ω = 1 and Ω = 0+ Rydberg states with a repulsive valence state and an ion-pair state, respectively, is also put forward.
Impact of heat dissipation on quantum cascade laser performance
Authors: Monastyrskyi G. , Elagin M. , Klinkmüller M. , Aleksandrova A. , Kurlov S. , Flores Y. V. , Kischkat J. , Semtsiv M. P. , Masselink W. T.
Published: April 2013

We describe a simple and convenient method to analyze the impact of heating in a quantum-cascade laser on its basic performance characteristics. This method has only one fitting parameter, the thermal resistance of the laser, Rth, while the other parameters can be directly measured in pulsed mode. Furthermore, the method can be applied even in the case when lasers do not reach continuous-wave operation. The method was used to analyze a quantum-cascade laser emitting at λ=10.6μm and based on InGaAs-InAlAs material system, lattice-matched to InP. The thermal resistance of Rth = 10 K/W determined using the described method and the flat active region shape imply a vertical thermal conductivity value of κ⊥=0.53 W/m·K for the lattice-matched InGaAs-InAlAs active region, which agrees well with literature values.
Structural and band alignment properties of Al2O3 on epitaxial Ge grown on (100), (110), and (111)A GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Hudait M. K. , Zhu Y. , Maurya D. , Priya S. , Patra P. K. , Ma A. W. K. , Aphale A. , Macwan I.
Published: April 2013

Structural and band alignment properties of atomic layer Al2O3 oxide film deposited on crystallographically oriented epitaxial Ge grown in-situ on (100), (110), and (111)A GaAs substrates using two separate molecular beam epitaxy chambers were investigated using cross-sectional transmission microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High-resolution triple axis x-ray measurement demonstrated pseudomorphic and high-quality Ge epitaxial layer on crystallographically oriented GaAs substrates. The cross-sectional TEM exhibited a sharp interface between the Ge epilayer and each orientation of the GaAs substrate as well as the Al2O3 film and the Ge epilayer. The extracted valence band offset, ΔEv, values of Al2O3 relative to (100), (110), and (111) Ge orientations using XPS measurement were 3.17 eV, 3.34 eV, and 3.10 eV, respectively. Using XPS data, variations in ΔEv related to the crystallographic orientation were ΔEV(110)Ge>ΔEV(100)Ge≥ΔEV(111)Ge and the conduction band offset, ΔEc, related to the crystallographic orientation was ΔEc(111)Ge>ΔEc(110)Ge>ΔEc(100)Ge using the measured ΔEv, bandgap of Al2O3 in each orientation, and well-known Ge bandgap of 0.67 eV. These band offset parameters are important for future application of Ge-based p- and n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor design.
Magnetic vortex generated by Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Kwon H. Y. , Kang S. P. , Wu Y. Z. , Won C.
Published: April 2013

We demonstrate that a magnetic vortex generated by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is stable state in a spatially confined system. The properties of the locally confined magnetic vortex structure are investigated by performing Monte-Carlo simulations and theoretical calculations. The results reveal the relationship between the confinement size and the magnetic vortex size. We obtain the structural size of the most stable magnetic vortex as well as the critical size above which the magnetic vortex becomes unstable. The field required to flip the vortex core was estimated theoretically and compared with simulation results. The thermal stability of the magnetic vortex is also discussed.
Review of microfluidic microbioreactor technology for high-throughput submerged microbiological cultivation
Authors: Hegab Hanaa M. , ElMekawy Ahmed , Stakenborg Tim
Published: April 2013

Microbial fermentation process development is pursuing a high production yield. This requires a high throughput screening and optimization of the microbial strains, which is nowadays commonly achieved by applying slow and labor-intensive submerged cultivation in shake flasks or microtiter plates. These methods are also limited towards end-point measurements, low analytical data output, and control over the fermentation process. These drawbacks could be overcome by means of scaled-down microfluidic microbioreactors (μBR) that allow for online control over cultivation data and automation, hence reducing cost and time. This review goes beyond previous work not only by providing a detailed update on the current μBR fabrication techniques but also the operation and control of μBRs is compared to large scale fermentation reactors.
Enhancement of resonant magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric heterostructure by end bonding
Authors: Lu Caijiang , Li Ping , Wen Yumei , Yang Aichao , He Wei , Zhang Jitao
Published: April 2013

We report large magnetoelectric (ME) effects in heterostructures (HSs) by attaching Metglas at the free ends of piezoelectric Pb(Zr1−x,Tix)O3 (PZT) plates. With this configuration, the influences of non-magnetic interfacial layer decrease and the cantilever structural Metglas with free vibrations generate large magnetic forces to drive PZT mechanically, instead of shear forces. Consequently, the heterostructure exhibits a ∼3.6 times larger magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (αME) than that of previous bilayer laminate structure. The largest αME is 535 (V/cm Oe) when the length and the thickness of Metglas are 18 mm and 75 μm, respectively. This heterostructure is of interest for high-sensitive dc magnetic field sensors.
Generation of propagating backward volume spin waves by phase-sensitive mode conversion in two-dimensional microstructures
Authors: Brächer T. , Pirro P. , Westermann J. , Sebastian T. , Lägel B. , Van de Wiele B. , Vansteenkiste A. , Hillebrands B.
Published: April 2013

We present the generation of propagating backward volume (BV) spin waves in a T shaped Ni81Fe19 microstructure. These waves are created from counterpropagating Damon Eshbach spin waves, which are excited using microstrip antennas. By employing Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we show how the phase relation between the counterpropagating waves determines the mode generated in the center of the structure, and prove its propagation inside the longitudinally magnetized part of the T shaped microstructure. This gives access to the effective generation of backward volume spin waves with full control over the generated transverse mode.
Stress-mediated magnetic anisotropy and magnetoelastic coupling in epitaxial multiferroic PbTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures
Authors: Tsai C. Y. , Chen H. R. , Chang F. C. , Tsai W. C. , Cheng H. M. , Chu Y. H. , Lai C. H. , Hsieh W. F.
Published: April 2013

This study reports a self-assembled multiferroic nanostructure, composed of PbTiO3 (PTO) pillars embedded in a CoFe2O4 (CFO) matrix, deposited on MgO(001) by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial relationship in the PTO-CFO nanostructure is (100)[101]PTO∥(001)[101]CFO∥(001)[101]MgO, confirming the in-plane aligned polarization of PTO. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of this thin film results from the magnetoelastic anisotropy that exceeds the shape anisotropy. The increased frequency and the enhanced intensity of the tetrahedral (T-) site phonon modes by increasing the magnetic field indicate strong magnetoelastic coupling through magnetostriction in this multiferroic nanostructure. The anisotropic Raman strength enhancement of the T-site phonon along different directions suggests the magnetoelastic coupling is most efficient in the in-plane direction.
Jet meandering by a foil pitching in quiescent fluid
Authors: Shinde Sachin Y. , Arakeri Jaywant H.
Published: April 2013

The flow produced by a rigid symmetric NACA0015 airfoil purely pitching at a fixed location in quiescent fluid (the limiting case of infinite Strouhal number) is studied using visualizations and particle image velocimetry. A weak jet is generated whose inclination changes continually with time. This meandering is observed to be random and independent of the initial conditions, over a wide range of pitching parameters.
Phase-tunable colossal magnetothermal resistance in ferromagnetic Josephson valves
Authors: Giazotto F. , Bergeret F. S.
Published: April 2013

We propose a heat valve based on the interplay between thermal transport and proximity-induced exchange splitting in Josephson tunnel junctions. We demonstrate that the junction electron heat conductance strongly depends on the relative alignment of the exchange fields induced in the superconductors. Colossal magnetothermal resistance ratios as large as ∼107% are predicted to occur under proper temperature and phase conditions, as well as suitable ferromagnet-superconductor combinations. Moreover, the quantum phase tailoring, intrinsic to the Josephson coupling, offers an additional degree of freedom for the control of the heat conductance. Our predictions for the phase-coherent and spin-dependent tuning of the thermal flux can provide a useful tool for heat management at the nanoscale.
Influence of spacer layer on enhancement of nanoplasmon-assisted random lasing
Authors: Heydari Esmaeil , Flehr Roman , Stumpe Joachim
Published: April 2013

Threshold reduction and emission enhancement are reported for a gold nanoparticle-based waveguided random laser, exploiting the localized surface plasmon resonance excitation. It was experimentally found that a proper thickness of the spacer layer between the gold nanoparticles and the gain layer enhances the random laser performance. It tunes the coupling between the gain polymer and the gold nanoparticles and avoids the quenching of emission in close contact to the gold nanoparticles which is considered as one of the main sources of loss in the current laser system.
Phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source by millisecond flash lamp annealing for shallow emitter solar cells
Authors: Normann H. B. , Vines L. , Privitera V. , Skorupa W. , Schumann T. , Svensson B. G. , Monakhov E. V.
Published: April 2013

We have investigated in-diffusion of phosphorus into monocrystalline silicon by depositing a phosphorus source on the surface followed by millisecond flash lamp annealing (FLA) to form shallow emitters for solar cells. By varying both the energy density of a 20 ms flash in the range from 62 to 132 J/cm2 and the sample preheating, it is observed that FLA treatments can in-diffuse a high concentration of phosphorus atoms becoming electrically active. The most promising emitters are obtained after FLA in the energy range from 110 to 128 J/cm2 including preheating at 300 °C with a peak concentration of 4−6×1020cm−3. The emitter junction depth for these treatments is in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm, respectively.