bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the disparities of the population exposed to flood hazards in Nigeria
Authors: Eseosa Halima Ighile , Hiroaki Shirakawa
Published: April 2022

The increased frequency and intensity of flooding and related disasters result from changing climatic conditions and other socio-economic factors. As flooding can be highly destructive and negatively impact human lives, this study attempts to estimate the population, capital stock and disparities in exposure to flooding hazards in Nigeria using GIS and Statistical methodologies. First, the study assessed the spatial distribution of the population and capital stock exposed to flood by utilising population and socio-economic datasets. Then, the distribution of the vulnerable groups affected is estimated by superimposing the population and socio-economic datasets onto the flood hazard maps. The results show that approximately 24.7 million (8.3%) of Nigeria’s Population were exposed to floods in 2015. Most exposed groups were primarily in urban areas irrespective of the income class. Additionally, the clusters of communities within the high-risk flood hazard zones had significantly increased, evident in the number of residents exposed to flood within the 15 years (2000-2015) growing exponentially. These findings further highlight a disturbing state of localities where people are generally less responsive to climate change and natural hazards. Overall, this study provides essential information for disaster risk management and policy formation at different levels of administration and identifies areas where varied and informal strategies are needed to mitigate flood risk and climate change in regions with diverse socio-economic conditions. In addition, this study provides empirical proof of the socio-economic disparities associated with flood exposure in Nigeria and presents valuable insights into the underlying factors.
Determination of zinc speciation in soil using synchrotron radiation and its effects on cellular organelles of Phragmites australis
Authors: Minkina Tatiana , Nevidomskaya Dina , Fedorenko Grigoriy , Fedorenko Aleksei , Rajput Vishnu D. , Shuvaeva Victoria , Tsitsuashvili Victoria , Chaplygin Victor , Rajput Priyadarshani
Published: April 2022

It is necessary to apply modern approaches to prevent the spread/toxic effects of pollution caused by a changing climate; especially metal pollutants to the soil. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to examine chemical speciation of soil samples collected from the River floodplain and its effects on native plant species; Phragmites australis. Synchrotron radiation (SR) tools for Zn speciation in soil and scanning electron microscopy for anatomical changes in plants were applied. Speciation of Zn was a dominant pollutant in Technosols. Two local surroundings were observed for Zn corresponding to its coordination by O and by S, close to ZnS. Whereas, the mixed local surrounding was noted with Zn–S and Zn–O bonds. The analysis of X-ray absorption fine structure results revealed that Technosols contained 70 and 30% of Zn–S and Zn–O bonds, respectively. SR results could be summarized that the main contribution in Technosols was from the authigenic minerals of metals with S: würtzite (hexagonal ZnS), sphalerite (cubic ZnS), bornite (Cu5FeS4), and covellite (CuS). The investigation on growth and modifications in the ultrastructure of P. australis roots and stems showed changes in cellular tissues such as in epidermis and mesoderm, and in subcellular organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, cell membrane, etc. It is established that the soil contamination with exceeded limits slows down the ontogenetic developments of P. australis. Our findings could provide insight into the physiochemical characteristics of polluted soil as well as information on the toxic effects of pollutants on plants based on non-destructive approaches.
Nitrogen uptake in fully organic, semi-organic and conventional rice fields in Madiun Regency
Authors: Herdiansyah Ganjar , Suntoro  , Farid Muhammad , Aziz Mahafid , Dewi Febridita sari , Slamet Rahayu Adin
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for rice plants. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers can pollute the environment caused by the loss of N to groundwater and the atmosphere so that it can increase the nitrate content in the soil and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, optimal management of N nutrients is needed so that fertilization is in accordance with the needs of rice plants. This research aims to determine the estimation of nitrogen uptake in full organic, semi organic, and conventional rice fields. This research was conducted in Kab. Madiun, East Java. The research was conducted using qualitative, descriptive, and comparative methods as well as survey methods. Soil sampling used a stratified random sampling approach. Nitrogen uptake analysis was carried out by the Kjeldahl method. Data analysis was carried out by T-test. The results showed that the application of a fully organic system had a higher response than a semi organic system to plant biomass. The increase in plant biomass in full organic reached 20.36%, while semi-organic reached 2.91%. The highest tissue N content was in semi-organic. The application of semi-organic was able to increase the N uptake by 11.67% compared to the conventional system, while the full organic system was able to increase the N uptake by 1.87%.
Study of potential plant of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) with combination of bacteria, organic matter, and inorganic fertilizer for bioremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil
Authors: Rosariastuti Retno , Ayu Astuti Hapsari , Sudadi
Published: April 2022

Heavy metal pollution from anthropogenic sources is a serious problem for the environment, one of these Pb. Besides industrial waste, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture sector can increase heavy metal concentration in the soil. One impact of climate change is the change of rainfall patterns. Some areas suddenly experienced a long drought, forcing farmers to irrigate their fields using industrial wastewater which contains hazardous compounds such as Pb. Bioremediation technology using the plant in combination with microorganisms and organic matter as the bioremediation agent is one way to restore polluted soil as an effort to improve the environment carried out in this study. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of inorganic fertilizers and bioremediation agents on efforts to reduce soil Pb levels with Biduri and the ability of Biduri as Pb hyperaccumulator plants. This study used a factorial experimental design with a completely randomized design with three factors and three replicates. The use of Biduri with a combination of inorganic fertilizers, bioremediation agent, and doses of Pb is able to reduce Pb levels in the soil so that it can be used as an alternative to reduce soil pollution, one of the consequences of climate change which has an impact on agriculture and Biduri in this study have potential as hyperaccumulator plants for Pb.
Vegetative growth of Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea) on mycorrhiza and azolla application
Authors: Tetrani Sakya Amalia , Samanhudi  , Prakoso M M
Published: April 2022

Climate change is causing many environmental problems that impact human health. Extreme environmental conditions affect the immune of the human body. It is easily exposed to the disease. The community takes various precautions to improve the immune system. One of them is to use medicinal plants as an endurance enhancer because some medicinal plants contain immunomodulators. Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea) is one of the medicinal plants that allegedly serves as an immune stimulator or immunosuppressive antibody production. Biduri has not been cultivated by the community, growing wildly. Research using Azolla and mycorrhizal was conducted as an effort to domesticize Biduri and prepare the source of medicinal raw material. The research aims to study the effect of Azolla and mycorrhiza on the vegetative growth of biduri. The study used 5 levels of Azolla, namely 0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 tons ha−1, and 4 levels mycorrhizal, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 tons ha−1. Treatment combinations are arranged based on a Randomized Complete Block Design and repeated 6 times. The vegetative growth including the plant height, number of leaves, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length was measured at 12 weeks after transplanting. The response of vegetative growth on Azolla and mycorrhizal application showed the same pattern, the application of mycorrhizal has not shown a difference in height or development of biduri leaves, while the application of Azolla 12.5 tons ha−1 increases the height of plants and leaves development significantly compared to without Azolla.
Leaf nutrient content and corn growth with application of liquid organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer
Authors: Syamsiyah Jauhari , Herdiansyah Ganjar
Published: April 2022

Plants have an important role in mitigating climate change because plants are able to absorb carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases. Good plant growth and high yields are a reflection of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide gas, so various efforts aimed at this, such as fertilization can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. This research aims to determine the use of liquid organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in the Jumantono experimental field, Karanganyar. The research used the Randomized Block Design method, 9 treatments (A = Control, B = NPK standard, C = ¼ NPK + 1 POC, D = ½ NPK + 1 POC, E = ¾ NPK +1 POC, F = 1 NPK + 1 POC, G = ¾ NPK + ¼ POC, H = ¾ NPK + ½ POC, I = ¾ NPK + ¾ POC) with 3 replications, so we get 27 samples. The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer doses of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 1 combined with inorganic fertilizers gave no different results on nutrient uptake and increased plant growth, especially in the number of leaves and stem diameter, but differed in plant height. The application of 1 dose of liquid organic fertilizer and 3/4 dose of inorganic fertilizer gives higher yields compared to standard inorganic fertilizers.
Learning invention using satellite observations to support sustainable development goals (SDG): A use case on disaster risk reduction in Sei Serelo Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan B , Hastuti E W , Saleh E
Published: April 2022

The morphological pattern of the Sei Serelo was investigated to infer the impact of land use and climate change. Two sets of areal Landsat (1990 and 2019) identified the morphological changes to reduce the disaster risk and ideally reverse this prevailing situation. This paper presents a scalable and flexible approach to monitoring land-use change at the local level using various components of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) platform. Increasing mining area has contributed to land-use change and the loss of agricultural land in many rural areas. In many cases, it worsens the poverty levels of smallholder farmers who depend on subsistence farming – an issue that Sustainable Development Goals number one seeks to address. A multi-criteria evaluation is applied using morphometric indicators, geology, and contours to identify the areas vulnerable to drainage and relief conditions. This learning invention has developed decision tools to apply GIS utilization to support disaster risk reduction. The devices are iterative and can be updated as new events occur to maximize GIS benefit, reducing disaster risk reduction and their potential consequences.
Development of a web application for climate change adaptation in Thailand
Authors: Shirakawa Hiroaki , Suanpaga Weerakaset
Published: April 2022

There is no doubt about the warming of the climate system, and it is widely accepted by a society that adaptation measures are important to reduce the negative impact of climate change on society. However, there are socio-economic obstacles to the promotion of climate change countermeasures. In other words, to implement climate change adaptation measures, not only the economic efficiency of the measures, but also fairness, consistency with existing policies, and cultural acceptability must be considered. Moreover, future forecasts contain uncertainty. Therefore, it is very difficult to formulate adaptation measures and consider policy priorities. The purpose of the study is to create a web application that shows the risk of natural disasters and the socioeconomic status of the region, targeting Thailand, which is one of the countries affected by climate change to solve the above problems. We basically developed web applications using freeware. As the result, the user can grasp the risk situation of natural disasters in Thailand as a whole, and grasp the industrial structure, agricultural production structure, and poverty situation in each region. This application is expected to promote understanding of the impacts of climate change among stakeholders and to support discussions on policy priorities.
Local food development strategy in hilly areas of Gunungkidul Indonesia
Authors: Susanawati  , Wijaya Oki , Barik Rizqi Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Agriculture is one of the sectors affected by climate change. Gunungkidul is one of the areas in Indonesia vulnerable to climate change because most of its population depends on the agricultural sector. Some of the agricultural land in this region is dryland with low food crop productivity. Therefore, research aiming to analyze local food development strategies in hilly areas is necessary. The sample in this study consisted of several households and key figures in three districts of Gunungkidul Regency: Semin, Wonosari, dan Saptosari. Descriptive analysis was applied to identify the potential of local food, consumption, and processed products. The results discovered 11 food commodities in Gunungkidul, encompassing rice, brown rice, cassava, sweet potato, corn, soybean, peanuts, green beans, vegetables, fruits, and animal foods. The strategies are (1) increasing the productivity of local food ingredients, (2) farming assistance in improving the quality of harvested raw materials for local food products, (3) increasing farming technology for local raw material, (4) increasing technology in IKM local food products, (5) massive promotion of local food products, (6) creating a brand identity for superior local food products, (7) developing local food industry groups, (8) massive socialization of food diversification, (9) developing microfinance institutions, and (10) formulating regulations for the use of local food as consumption in agencies or institutions in Gunungkidul. Meanwhile, the priority strategy that should be carried out is to create a brand identity for superior local food products.
Brand activism on the digital public sphere: campaign content analysis of #BringBackOurBottle on Instagram
Authors: Hartika Martania , Pawito  , Utari Prahastiwi
Published: April 2022

Brand activism is one of the organizational initiative practices voluntarily conducted to promote social, economic, environmental, and cultural issues which are considered as important matter and have wide impact for society aligned with the company’s vision and mission. Recently, this kind of activity mostly carried on social media as public sphere which becomes media communication, such as campaign to reduce plastic wastes conducted by The Body Shop Indonesia as effort to reduce environmental disaster and climate change impact. In this research, the researcher focused on the #BringBackOurBottle campaign carried by The Body Shop Indonesia by identifying messages through content visualization on Instagram account @thebodyshopindo.impact. Furthermore, the research used qualitative content for both photo and video post with hashtag #BringBackOurBottle. The research finding emphasized on two main messages within the content #BringBackOurBottle; the first, plastic threat for survival and the second is the drive for sustainable living. Besides, this research also showed that brands have power to create the consumer’s behaviour; it can encourage the consumers to participate in taking care of the environment through the program they continue to campaign.
Pollution load capacity of the Larangan/Premulung River Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia in 2020
Authors: Edi Minarno Purwo , Suprapto Agus , Harsono
Published: April 2022

Climate change has a negative impact on surface water quality. This is influenced by the increase in human activities in the use of water. The resulting water output is discharged directly into water bodies and can increase the pollutant load of river water. One of the recipients of the burden of surface water pollution is the Larangan/Premulung River, which is indicated to have decreased quality due to liquid waste originating from domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the load carrying capacity of water pollution in the Larangan River in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts. The water samples taken amounted to 10 sample points. The data was collected in the form of physical parameters (flow rate, water temperature, and TSS) and chemical parameters (pH, COD, BOD, and DO). The method of calculating the carrying capacity of the pollution load uses the mass balance method. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the carrying capacity of the Larangan/Premulung River pollution load: (1) the upstream part could no longer accept the pollutant load in the moderate to the heavy category in the quality standard class II; (2) the middle and downstream parts for COD and BOD parameters are no longer able to accept the pollutant load in the medium to large category.
Paving the way for more accurate earth system modelling in Malaysia
Authors: M Suhari T A S T , Wimalasiri Eranga M , Jahanshiri Ebrahim
Published: April 2022

Variations in soil structural and physiochemical properties can impact earth system models related to climate change. However, in most of the countries including Malaysia, soil data are available as low resolution and semi-detailed soil series maps, which hinder their applicability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a framework to compare the conventional soil mapping with digital soil databases and to determine the accuracy of digital soil mapping. Kedah province located in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia was selected as the study area. Observed soil (Cation exchange capacity – CEC, pH, organic matter as chemical and clay, sand and silt content as physical properties) data published by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia was compared with SoilGrid (soillgrid.org) dataset. The depths of observed data were harmonised to international standard soil depths as; 0-5, 5-15, 15-30, s30-60, 60-100, and 100-200 cm using the equal quadratic spline approach. Global data were compared with harmonised 16 selected soil series data in Malaysia. Observed soil chemical properties (CEC, pH, and organic carbon) were within the range of SoilGrids data which allows the selected chemical properties to be used where observed data are limited or not available. In contrast, most of the soil physical properties from SoilGrids were not accurate when compared with the observed data. The developed framework in this study can be used to strengthen the accuracy of the available soil data in Earth system models, particularly those that are related to organic carbon and soil structural properties.
Impact of climate change adaptation on paddy yield in dry zone Sri Lanka: A case study using agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) model
Authors: Wimalasiri Eranga M , Ampitiyawatta A D , Dissanayake P K , Karunaratne A S
Published: April 2022

Climate change in terms of increased temperature and variation of rainfall patterns is evident in Sri Lanka. Being a country with an agro-based economy, the impact of the changes of the climate negatively affects crop production and a possesses threat to food security. Using a crop modelling approach, the impact of climate change adaptation on paddy, which is the major crop in the country was assessed in Thanamalwila (6.43ºN, 81.09ºE), Sri Lanka. The calibrated and validated Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model was used for yield simulations. Bias-corrected future (2040-2069) climate data were obtained from 3 general circulation models; BNU-ESM, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, and GFDL-ESM2M under the RCP4.5 scenario. Short season (BG300) and long season (BG358) cultivar, late and early planting (both by two weeks) were used as adaptation methods. Average paddy yield under baseline (1980-2009) climate for BG300 and BG358 were 3711 and 4524 Kg ha−1, respectively. In BG300, the average future yield decreased in all 3 GCMs while in BG358 (long season), the average yield increased under 2 GCMs except CSIRO-Mk3-6-0. On average, delayed planting by 14 days as an adaptation measure increased the yield of BG300 (2.43%), the short season cultivar while in BG358, the average yield decreased by 3.55%. Except for CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (in BG358), paddy yield in both cultivars decreased on early planting. This simple crop modelling exercise has shown the possibility of selection of cultivar and planting dates as climate change adaptation strategies. Further, field experiments and detailed crop model simulations are essential to validate the findings.
The readiness of local regulations in supporting low carbon development in Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Djamal Rachman , Handayani Alfina , Risandewi Tri
Published: April 2022

During the last two decades, Indonesia has experienced rapid economic progress and a reduction in poverty rates. On the other hand, the impact of economic growth causes many problems to the environment. Therefore, the Central Government developed the concept of low-carbon development. Low Carbon Development is a new development platform that aims to sustain economic and social growth through low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission development activities and minimize natural resource exploitation. This study aims to determine what extent the regulation readiness of Central Java Province on supporting low carbon development. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Three administrative regions (Semarang City, Sukoharjo Regency, and Cilacap Regency) were empirical observation areas. FGDs were carried out in the three regions to explore various information on programs related to LCD readiness and its implementation. The results indicate that local governments already have regulations and policies that support low-carbon development. However, they still often encounter many problems, such as limited authority and resources of local government, the dualism of interest, policy implementation was still in the planning stage, and there is no synergy between regional agencies.
The impact of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on greenhouse gas emission disclosures of highly emitted industry in Indonesia
Authors: Widagdo A K , Rahanyamtel B A , Ika S R
Published: April 2022

Greenhouse gas or carbon emissions produced by manufacturing operations and other highly emitted industries are causes of global warming. Therefore, either in the sustainability reporting or in the corporate social and environmental reporting section, as stated in the annual report, the company usually discloses its activities related to carbon emission handling for sustainable business. In Indonesia, however, the extent of carbon emission disclosures is voluntary. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on carbon emissions reporting of highly emitted companies in Indonesia. Audit committee characteristics were measured by the number of audit committee members and the number of audit committee meetings, while Altman financial distress model measured financial performance. A checklist based on the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions disclosures. This study uses 99 companies of highly emitted industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the number of audit committee meetings positively affects the greenhouse gas emissions report. The result suggests that the more active the audit committee in the company in conducting meetings, the higher the company’s incentives to disclose carbon emission in the company’s annual report or the sustainability reporting. The study provides insight into the regulation released by the capital market authority agency regarding strengthening factors that may influence listed companies to report their carbon emission.
Mapping land use and surface water quality for urban clean water resource
Authors: Fitria Rini Erma , Rahayu Paramita , Mukaromah Hakimatul
Published: April 2022

The population growth and water needs, cumulated with climate change will aggravate the global water scarcity crisis. Surakarta city initiated to use their three rivers across the city as one of the surface water resources to ensure water availability and preserve the environment. This paper aims to give an understanding of the riverbanks’ land use characteristics and river water quality in Surakarta’s three major rivers. The land use data was gathered from satellite images, while the river water quality was gathered from secondary data. Spatial grouping analysis by geographic information system was used to examine the characteristic based on land use and water quality in three major rivers across Surakarta. The results show that there are some different typologies of land use that affect water quality. Therefore, the government needs to improve the land use management to improve the surface water capacity to become one of the urban clean water resources.
Reservoir to ecotourism and its climate change mitigation type development: Challenges and opportunities in North Sumatra’s Botanic Garden Samosir Areas
Authors: Sitanggang Netty Demak H , Ervizal Zuhud M A , Burhanuddin Masy’us , Rinekso Soekmadi
Published: April 2022

Optimizing reservoirs for ecotourism development is one way to increase local or national economics without impairing environmental conditions, alongside as an adapting or mitigating process to climate change, which is part of sustainable development goals, especially in the Aek Natonang’reservoir, where there is also a botanic garden and a conservation zone function. Hence, this research tried to explore, investigate, and analyze the role of reservoirs in ecotourism and their coping with climate change impacts, as well as their hopefully positive welfare impact on the welfare of the local people. The direct observation and in-depth individual interviews with some of the respondents collected data in the field, alongside assessment of environmental aspects or conditions. The result of this research has shown that the reservoir of Aek Natonang areas as a water conservation paradigm that would support the local activities in their daily lives as well as act as an adapting and mitigating process to climate change impacts. Hence, ecotourism development is one way to cope with it, and it is part of the challenges and opportunities in Aek Natonang areas management to ecotourism development in the framework of local or national economic growth based on the reservoir of potential.
Understorey species diversity and its effect on soil temperature and relative humidity in the Riparian Zone of Pusur River
Authors: Febry Anggana Alvian , Mujiyo
Published: April 2022

Climate change has had a negative impact on all of life aspects. Currently, we have seen frequent occurrences of droughts, rising temperatures, floods, landslides. Therefore, mitigation and adapatation efforts are needed to reduce climate change. One of these efforts is Identify the diversity of riparian understorey plants todetermine their role in the riparian microclimate.This study aims to determine the diversity of understorey plants and their effect on temperature and soil moisture in the Riparian Pusur. It was carried out along the Pusur River, from the upstream to the downstream (administratively included in Boyolali Regency and Klaten Regency) in August 2021. A vegetation analysis method was employed. Sample was obtained from nine observation stations in which 10 plots (2 m × 2 m in size) were established in each station, at elevation 100-800 m asl. This study identifies 9364 individuals that belong to 74 species and 35 families. The lower Upstream has the highest species diversity (30 species), while the mid Downstream has the lowest (14 species). Based on the measurement of the soil temperature, the lowest temperature is in the upper Upstream of 27°C, while the highest is in the lower Downstream of 33°C. The average relative humidity ranges from 39 to 60%. This study concludes that the maximum H’ is identified at soil temperature of 27-28.8°C and relative humidity of 59-61% with the species diversity of riparian understorey ranges from 2.9 to 3.08.
Effect of various types and doses of biochar on hybrid maize growth
Authors: Rahayu M , Nurmalasari A I , Aini N N
Published: April 2022

Climate change also has an impact on agriculture, especially at Mediterranean red-yellow soil which is characterized with low fertility. The application of biochar is an alternative to increase soil fertility, as well as promoting the growth and yield of maize in red-yellow Mediterranean soil. The study aimed it determining the appropriate type and dose of biochar in red-yellow Mediterranean soil to support the growth of hybrid maize. The study used a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the type of biochar which consisted of 3 levels, namely coconut shell biochar (B1), rice husk biochar (B2), and maize cob biochar (B3). The second factor was the dose of biochar which consists of 5 levels, namely 0 ton.ha−1 (D0), 5 ton.ha−1 (D1), 10 ton.ha−1 (D2), 15 ton.ha−1 ( D3), and 20 ton.ha−1 (D4). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at level 5% were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the application of biochar had a significant effect on the growth of hybrid maize, especially on some observational variables. The application of biochar rice husks significantly affected the stem diameter, leaves number, and dry weight of 7 week after plant (WAP). The dose of 15 tons.ha−1 significantly affected the dry weight of 4 WAP, while the interaction of rice husk biochar with a dose of 15 tons.ha−1 significantly affected the leaves width.
The bidirectional interaction between climate change and type 2 diabetes burden
Authors: Dewi Yudhani Ratih , Nurwening Sholikhah Eti , Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Dwi , Primaningtyas Widana
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and climate change are the most urgent issues that being the focus worldwide. Interestingly, T2D directly or indirectly affects climate change and vice versa, climate change also contributes to the increased risk and the mortality of various non-communicable diseases (NCD), including T2D. This review aims to synthesis and give the comprehensive understanding related to interaction between climate change and T2D burden, which still being a limited subject in the Indonesian healthcare sector. It also explores those mechanisms for considering the right strategies and policies addressing those issues, especially the proper strategies for the prevention and management of diabetes. This review was conducted by screening from Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed with keywords “diabetes AND climate change”, “diabetes AND extreme temperature”, “diabetes AND cold weather”. Various predisposing factors for the rapid growth of diabetes prevalence (urbanization, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and obesity) are also act as a risk vector that triggering climate change. While extreme temperature increases the susceptibility of the diabetic subjects to get life-threatening complications like dehydration and heatstroke. There is bidirectional interaction between climate change and T2D burden, which should be a priority for the government’s attention to achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goal (SDG), especially for NCD including type 2 diabetes.
Review on the effect of climate change on ecosystem services
Authors: Zawude Bakure Berhanu , Hundera Kitessa , Abara Magarsa
Published: April 2022

Currently, ecosystem services (the benefits society drive from the ecosystem) are under pressure from climate change. With increasing climate change over time, the influence that it can cause ecosystem service attracted the attention of the world more than ever. In our daily life, directly or indirectly we rely on benefits gained from the ecosystem. This review paper was aimed to address the effects of climate change on ecosystem services with its possible mitigation and adaptation measures by analyzing articles, books, and reports collected from trusted journals and websites. The range and extents of ecosystem service can be affected in quality and quantity both directly and indirectly due to climate change over time. Supporting services of the ecosystem like biomass production, nutrient cycling, soil formation, atmospheric oxygen, production, and the water cycle were affected. Similarly, provisioning services such as food, drinking water, timber, wood fuel, fodder, wood, fibers, plants, and animal species are affected. Regulating services like cross-pollination, seed dispersal, decomposition, water regulation, flood control, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation are affected. Furthermore, cultural services like tourism and recreation, aesthetic values, cultural heritage, spiritual and religious values, educational values, social relations, and ecotourism are going to decline. Generally, understanding the effects of climate changes on ecosystem services became fundamentally important adaptation and mitigation of effect. Hence, conservation, protection, restoration, and appropriate management ecosystem are required for adaptation and mitigation of climate change effect.
Assessment of current solid waste management practices, community perceptions, and contributions in the City of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Iraguha Fidele , Handono Ramelan Ari , Setyono Prabang
Published: April 2022

Socioeconomic development, urbanization, an uncontrollable massive population rate, and higher living standards in cities increase the amount and variety of solid waste generated. If it accumulates, it degrades the urban environment, affects natural resources, and causes health problems. Dumping sites are becoming an increasing source of concern for Rwanda municipalities, particularly in Kigali City, and they are a significant source of pollution in the air, water, and land. This article aims to assess current solid waste treatment practices in the City of Kigali and evaluate the local community attitudes, participation, and perception in waste management. This research uses a mixed method to understand better how the waste management system performs in Kigali City. The data was collected by distributing a questionnaire to respondents, conducting interviews with communities, and contacting all companies that collect and recycle waste, government institutions, and other sources such as national household surveys and reports. The quantity and type of municipal solid waste (MSW) varies in each identified district. The findings indicate that personal attitude and perception are essential while engaging in waste management practices. There are poorly implemented WM laws and regulations. Due to incomplete combustion, open landfill fire produces smoke, hazardous gases, and particles that pollute the air. In addition, methane concentrations can reach up to 50 percent of landfill gas composition at the maximum anaerobic decomposition. These gases participate in the increase of greenhouse gas effect, global warming, and climate change.
Vulnerability analysis of coastal communities in Merauke as impact of climate change
Authors: Untari  , Darma Rahim , Betaubun Philipus , Fudjaja Letty , Adri Arief Andi
Published: April 2022

The coastal area of Merauke is already experiencing the impact of climate change which causes community vulnerability which can lead to structural poverty. The purpose of the study conducted in the coastal area of Merauke Regency with a sample of 2 observation areas namely Merauke and Naukenjerai Districts using a qualitative research approach with survey methods. Research data were collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews with expert respondents who have competencies related to the topic being studied. Data were analyzed using vulnerability analysis which measures exposure, sensitivity, and resilience in community groups who work as fishermen, farmers, and become fishermen/farmers, traders, and transportation workers. The results of the study indicate that the groups of people who have vulnerability as a result of climate change are fishermen and farmers. The level of vulnerability is caused by pressure from natural resources, namely tidal water disasters and floods due to high rainfall intensity which has an impact on the loss of income and work of the community. While the highest level of pressure caused by human activities, namely from sand excavation and land conversion into settlements and public facilities, population growth, and activities to dispose of garbage and household waste on the coast have the biggest impact on decreasing the carrying capacity of the region, coastal ecosystems, reducing livelihoods. livelihoods and sources of income.
Recent advances in near infrared upconverting nanomaterials for targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: del Valle Carla Arnau , Hirsch Thomas , Marín María J
Published: April 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment of cancer that uses the toxic reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen (1O2), generated by photosensitiser (PS) drugs following irradiation of a specific wavelength to destroy the cancerous cells and tumours. Visible light is commonly used as the excitation source in PDT, which is not ideal for cancer treatment due to its reduced tissue penetration, and thus inefficiency to treat deep-lying tumours. Additionally, these wavelengths exhibit elevated autofluorescence background from the biological tissues which hinders optical biomedical imaging. An alternative to UV–Vis irradiation is the use of near infrared (NIR) excitation for PDT. This can be achieved using upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) functionalised with photosensitiser drugs where UCNPs can be used as an indirect excitation source for the activation of PS drugs yielding to the production of singlet 1O2 following NIR excitation. The use of nanoparticles for PDT is also beneficial due to their tumour targeting capability, either passively via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively via stimuli-responsive targeting and ligand-mediated targeting (i.e. using recognition units that can bind specific receptors only present or overexpressed on tumour cells). Here, we review recent advances in NIR upconverting nanomaterials for PDT of cancer with a clear distinction between those reported nanoparticles that could potentially target the tumour due to accumulation via the EPR effect (passive targeting) and nanoparticle-based systems that contain targeting agents with the aim of actively target the tumour via a molecular recognition process.
Parallel Kähler submanifolds and 𝑅-spaces
Authors: Ohnita Yoshihiro
Published: April 2022

Parallel Kähler submanifolds here mean complex submanifolds immersed in complex projective spaces with parallel second fundamental form. The classification of such submanifolds was done first by Hisao Nakagawa and Ryoichi Takagi (1976) and reproduced secondly and thirdly by Masaru Takeuchi (1978, 1984) by two different methods of unitary representation theory and Jordan triple systems. In this article we briefly survey such related submanifold theory and give the fourth proof for the classification theorem by a different approach based on the differential geometric characterization of

R
R

-spaces due to Carlos Olmos and Cristián U. Sánchez (1991).
A commutativity condition for subsets in quandles — a generalization of antipodal subsets
Authors: Kubo Akira , Nagashiki Mika , Okuda Takayuki , Tamaru Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we introduce some commutativity condition for subsets in quandles, which we call the s-commutativity. Note that quandles can be regarded as a generalization of symmetric spaces, and the notion of s-commutative subsets is a generalization of antipodal subsets. We study maximal s-commutative subsets in quandles, and show that they have some nice properties. As one example, any maximal s-commutative subsets in quandles are subquandles. We also determine maximal s-commutative subsets in spheres, projective spaces, and dihedral quandles. In these quandles, maximal s-commutative subsets turn out to be unique up to automorphisms.
Polars of disconnected compact Lie groups
Authors: Tanaka Makiko , Tasaki Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

A compact Lie group is a Riemannian symmetric space with respect to a biinvariant Riemannian metric. We give an explicit description of the polars of a compact Lie group. We show that if a connected component of a compact Lie group contains a polar, it generates a subgroup isomorphic to a certain semidirect product. We determine the polars of some disconnected compact Lie groups.
Bifurcations of minimal surfaces via index theory
Authors: Brubaker Nicholas
Published: April 2022

We present a method for constructing new families of minimal surfaces from an existing minimal surface by applying techniques for proving bifurcations from a simple eigenvalues to the minimal surface equation

H
=
0

H = 0

. Although there is no explicit free parameter in

H
=
0

H = 0

, we consider surfaces over compact domains and then vary the effective radius of the domain, which relates the method to the index of a complete minimal surface. We demonstrate the method for the standard catenoid and degree

n
n

Enneper surfaces, although it is certainly more widely applicable.
MultiWaverX: modeling latent sex-biased admixture history
Authors: Zhang Rui , Ni Xumin , Yuan Kai , Pan Yuwen , Xu Shuhua
Published: April 2022

Sex-biased gene flow has been common in the demographic history of modern humans. However, the lack of sophisticated methods for delineating the detailed sex-biased admixture process prevents insights into complex admixture history and thus our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of genetic diversity. Here, we present a novel algorithm, MultiWaverX, for modeling complex admixture history with sex-biased gene flow. Systematic simulations showed that MultiWaverX is a powerful tool for modeling complex admixture history and inferring sex-biased gene flow. Application of MultiWaverX to empirical data of 17 typical admixed populations in America, Central Asia, and the Middle East revealed sex-biased admixture histories that were largely consistent with the historical records. Notably, fine-scale admixture process reconstruction enabled us to recognize latent sex-biased gene flow in certain populations that would likely be overlooked by much of the routine analysis with commonly used methods. An outstanding example in the real world is the Kazakh population that experienced complex admixture with sex-biased gene flow but in which the overall signature has been canceled due to biased gene flow from an opposite direction.
KIMGENS: a novel method to estimate kinship in organisms with mixed haploid diploid genetic systems robust to population structure
Authors: Wang Yen-Wen , Ané Cécile
Published: April 2022

Motivation

Kinship estimation is necessary for evaluating violations of assumptions or testing certain hypotheses in many population genomic studies. However, kinship estimators are usually designed for diploid systems and cannot be used in populations with mixed haploid diploid genetic systems. The only estimators for different ploidies require datasets free of population structure, limiting their usage.

Results

We present KIMGENS (Kinship Inference for Mixed GENetic Systems), an estimator for kinship estimation among individuals of various ploidies, that is robust to population structure. This estimator is based on the popular KING-robust estimator but uses diploid relatives of the individuals of interest as references of heterozygosity and extends its use to haploid–diploid and haploid pairs of individuals. We demonstrate that KIMGENS estimates kinship more accurately than previously developed estimators in simulated panmictic, structured and admixed populations, but has lower accuracy when the individual of interest is inbred. KIMGENS also outperforms other estimators in a honeybee dataset. Therefore, KIMGENS is a valuable addition to a population geneticist’s toolbox.

Availability and implementation

KIMGENS and its association simulation tool are implemented and available open-source at https://github.com/YenWenWang/HapDipKinship.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
HiFine: integrating Hi-C-based and shotgun-based methods to refine binning of metagenomic contigs
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Sun Fengzhu
Published: April 2022

Motivation

Metagenomic binning aims to retrieve microbial genomes directly from ecosystems by clustering metagenomic contigs assembled from short reads into draft genomic bins. Traditional shotgun-based binning methods depend on the contigs’ composition and abundance profiles and are impaired by the paucity of enough samples to construct reliable co-abundance profiles. When applied to a single sample, shotgun-based binning methods struggle to distinguish closely related species only using composition information. As an alternative binning approach, Hi-C-based binning employs metagenomic Hi-C technique to measure the proximity contacts between metagenomic fragments. However, spurious inter-species Hi-C contacts inevitably generated by incorrect ligations of DNA fragments between species link the contigs from varying genomes, weakening the purity of final draft genomic bins. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a binning pipeline to overcome the shortcomings of both types of binning methods on a single sample.

Results

We develop HiFine, a novel binning pipeline to refine the binning results of metagenomic contigs by integrating both Hi-C-based and shotgun-based binning tools. HiFine designs a strategy of fragmentation for the original bin sets derived from the Hi-C-based and shotgun-based binning methods, which considerably increases the purity of initial bins, followed by merging fragmented bins and recruiting unbinned contigs. We demonstrate that HiFine significantly improves the existing binning results of both types of binning methods and achieves better performance in constructing species genomes on publicly available datasets. To the best of our knowledge, HiFine is the first pipeline to integrate different types of tools for the binning of metagenomic contigs.

Availability and implementation

HiFine is available at https://github.com/dyxstat/HiFine.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.