bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the heat mitigation potential of unsealing measures in cities by parameterizing grass grid pavers for urban microclimate modelling with ENVI-met (V5)
Authors: Eingrüber Nils , Domm Alina , Korres Wolfgang , Schneider Karl
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Many urban areas are characterized by both a growing population and an intensification of summer heat events in the context of climate change. Thus, more and more people are exposed to heat stress and corresponding health consequences. Measures for climate change adaptation, such as unsealing strategies, are needed in the existing urban fabric to reduce sensible heat flux by increasing latent heat flux to cool down the urban environment without requiring additional space or changing the basic function of the area. Unsealing measures like grass grid pavers (GGPs) can also help to reduce flooding risks due to increased infiltration and water storage capacities. Up to now, a parameterization of GGPs for microclimatic simulations is not available. To fill this research gap, we present a new GGP model parameterization developed for the fluid dynamics microclimate ENVI-met model based on field measurements with double-ring infiltrometers, etc., which can also be implemented in other microscale models in the field of urban climatology. To analyse the microclimatic effects and the cooling potential of this GGP parameterization, scenario analyses were performed using a validated ENVI-met model setup for an urban high-density study area in Cologne, Germany. An extreme scenario was designed to address the maximum cooling potential of the GGPs in comparison to the dominant sealed asphalt surfaces in the study area, along with a more realistic scenario with a usage-compatible installation of GGPs in the model domain only in side streets and inner courtyards while main streets remain sealed. We found a maximum cooling potential of up to −20.1 K for ground surface temperature and up to −7.1 K for air temperature at 1 m above ground level for the hottest hour of a simulated 3 d heat wave in summer 2022, which represents a 20-year heat event in Cologne. On spatial average, a decrease of up to −11.1 K for surface temperature and up to −2.9 K for air temperature was determined. On temporal average for the 3 d heat event, statistically significant mean temperature differences of −5.8 K for surface temperature and −1.1 K for air temperature were simulated. Cooling effects are more pronounced during the daytime for surface temperature, especially in unshaded areas, while cooling effects for air temperature are strongest during the nighttime. Model results also show that the entire air volume in the study area is cooled down due to this adaptation measure, even in areas of the domain where no surfaces have been unsealed in the scenario design. The more realistic GGP scenario shows cooling effects of a comparable magnitude to the extreme GGP scenario. Thus, even partial GGP unsealing is an effective adaptation measure for reducing extreme temperatures in cities if water availability is not limited.
Analysis of borehole strain anomalies before the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 earthquake based on a graph neural network
Authors: Li Chenyang , Qin Changfeng , Zhang Jie , Duan Yu , Chi Chengquan
Published: January 2025

Abstract. On 8 August 2017, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province, China. To assess pre-earthquake anomalies, we utilized variational mode decomposition to preprocess borehole strain observation data and combined them with a graph WaveNet neural network model to process data from multiple stations. We obtained 1-year data from four stations near the epicenter as the training dataset and data from 1 January to 10 August 2017 as the test dataset. For the prediction results of the variational mode decomposition–graph WaveNet model, the anomalous days were extracted using statistical methods, and the results of anomalous-day accumulation at multiple stations showed that an increase in the number of anomalous days occurred 15–32 d before the earthquake. The acceleration effect of anomalous accumulation was most obvious 20 d before the earthquake, and an increase in the number of anomalous days also occurred in the 1 to 3 d post-earthquake. We tentatively deduce that the pre-earthquake anomalies are caused by the diffusion of strain energy near the epicenter during the accumulation process, which can be used as a signal of pre-seismic anomalies, whereas the post-earthquake anomalies are caused by the frequent occurrence of aftershocks.
Cooperative Management Innovation as a Strategy to Encourage the Competitiveness of MSMES: Analyzing Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Era
Authors: Wicaksono M. Fadli , Meha Nurmala Lutfi , Lestari Yara , Chairane Chairane , Hayati Fitri
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze cooperative management innovations as a strategy to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs in facing the digital era, with a case study at KSP Nasari Medan. The method used in this study is a descriptive case study, which describes and analyzes the implementation of management innovations at KSP Nasari as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by its member MSMEs in transforming to the digital world. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with cooperative administrators and members, as well as observation of programs implemented by cooperatives. The results of the study show that KSP Nasari has identified various challenges faced by its member MSMEs, such as limited digital knowledge, inadequate infrastructure, and difficulties in accessing the digital market. To address this, cooperatives are implementing various management innovations, including digital skills training and increased access to technology. KSP Nasari also leverages collaboration with the government, the private sector, and educational institutions to support the development of MSMEs. However, obstacles in digital transformation still exist, especially related to infrastructure limitations and costs. The conclusion of this study is that cooperative management innovations, such as digital training and external collaboration, play an important role in strengthening the competitiveness of MSMEs. A more integrated and sustainable follow-up strategy is needed to support the development of MSMEs in the digital era. The suggestion of this research is to strengthen digital training programs, improve infrastructure, and expand cooperation with various related parties.
The Concept of Ta'lim in the Qur'an and its Implementation Among Students of UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Ritonga Anni Kholidah
Published: January 2025

The concept of ta'lim in the Qur'an emphasizes the importance of knowledge, understanding, and teaching for humanity, as reflected in various verses. This study investigates the concept of ta'lim in the Qur'an and its implementation among students at UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan, focusing on both theoretical and practical aspects and their role in shaping student character. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through observations and interviews with relevant informants. The findings indicate that ta'lim, as understood by these students, involves the process of learning and teaching both religious and general knowledge in accordance with Islamic teachings. Implementation occurs through educational content that integrates theoretical knowledge with Islamic values. Supporting factors include an Islamic campus environment, the role of lecturers in integrating Islamic values into teaching, students' intentions to seek knowledge as worship, and policies emphasizing Islamic principles. However, challenges such as limited student awareness, negative environmental influences, and academic workload hinder implementation. Strategies to enhance ta'lim include strengthening the Islamic-based curriculum, improving teaching quality, fostering an Islamic campus environment, empowering student organizations, and using personal and motivational approaches. These efforts aim to foster students who embody both knowledge and Islamic values.
Investigation of The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bitumen Binder from Oil Sludge Tar for Road Construction
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», KROPACHEV Pyotr , TKACH Evgeniya ,   NRU «Moscow State University of Civil Engineering», SADUAKASSOVA Zhansulu ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», RAKHTAYEV Abilgazy ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», IMANOV Yedil ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: January 2025

The authors consider the issues of utilization of oil waste in demand in practice for
the production of bitumen binders widely used in road construction. To solve this urgent problem,
it is necessary to study the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties
of the bitumen binder obtained from oil sludge tar. The aim of the study is to select the optimal
conditions for the fractional separation of oil sludge components with the release of tar,
as well as to determine the technological conditions for obtaining high-quality road bitumen from tar. A physico-chemical analysis of oil sludge samples was carried out. A step-by-step
selection of the distillation product was carried out with its further physico-chemical analysis.
The main technological parameters of bitumen binder production have been selected. The
physical and mechanical properties of the obtained bitumen samples have been studied and
their corresponding grades have been established in accordance with the standard in force in
Kazakhstan. By the methods of infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography
of tar samples, satisfactory indicators were obtained for the presence of asphaltene
compounds that contribute to improving the quality of the road surface. The analysis of the
research results showed the prospects of oil sludge processing technologies in order to obtain
tar, the raw material for the production of road bitumen. The use of oil sludge as a raw
material for the production of road bitumen is economically advantageous due to the relative
cheapness of the product and the technological simplicity of the processes of distillation of oil
waste and tar oxidation.
Developing an Experimental Automobile Muffler for Studying the Process of Increasing the Efficiency of Cleaning Exhaust Gases of An Internal Combustion Engine
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», PAK Igor , SADIRBAYEV Abai ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: January 2025

The existing methods of cleaning exhaust gases of vehicles, their advantages and
drawbacks are considered. Particular attention is paid to the promising ultrasonic method of
cleaning exhaust gases. This is one of the few cleaning methods in which the operating mode
of the ultrasonic equipment can be adapted to the operating mode of the engine. To obtain
optimal cleaning results, the authors provide a diagram and appearance of the developed
experimental vehicle muffler with a set of measuring devices for determining the indicators
needed to optimize the cleaning mode of the vehicle exhaust gases with ultrasound.
Homeownership and Environmental Attitudes
Authors: Liu E Jen
Published: January 2025

Homeownership is associated with financial stability, middle-class status, and the good life in the United States. On the national level, homeownership has been touted to improve social stability, generate wealth, and foster citizenship and solidarity. If true, expanding homeownership could help to solve the nation’s social, political, and thus environmental challenges. However, despite the popular currency of these ideas, existing research has mixed findings on the political consequences of homeownership. While previous research has linked homeownership to conservative political orientation, there is reason to believe that this may not apply to environmental attitudes. The conservatizing hypothesis is supported primarily by research on homeowners’ attitudes toward macroeconomic or local development policies, not environmental ones. The two mechanisms from the literature — social integration and locally dependent financial investment— can be expected to increase environmental concern among homeowners. Through six semi-structured interviews and a multivariate regression analysis using the General Social Survey 2021 Cross-section Study, this paper finds that homeowners tend to be more concerned about the environment than renters, especially if their neighborhood is highly exposed to environmental risks.
Blocking Oil Development in Yasuní National Park: Ecuador’s Unprecedented Strides Towards Environmental Justice
Authors: Prime Lillian
Published: January 2025

This paper explores Ecuador's proposal to protect Block 43 of the Yasuní National Park from oil drilling through the Yasuní-ITT Initiative proposed in 2007. The paper will examine why the initiative failed and how community activists responded. Ultimately, it will argue that the Yasuní-ITT Initiative upheld environmental justice through its assertion of a moral economy and its potential to help Ecuador step away from oil dependency and protect the rights of Indigenous communities, particularly the two tribes living in voluntary isolation in the Yasuní region. When the initiative was terminated and Indigenous communities were not consulted in the decision to begin drilling for heavy crude oil, citizen activism and mobilization of democracy through a referendum reasserted environmental justice and Indigenous rights.
Motivators and Hindrances of Consuming Reusable Water Bottles: An Exploratory Case Study at Columbia University
Authors: Yoo Jung Ha
Published: January 2025

This pilot study explores the factors that motivate and hinder tap water consumption and reusable water bottle usage among students at Columbia University. Despite Manhattan's tap water being among the highest quality globally, the prevalence of single-use plastic water bottles on campus remains significant. Choosing reusable water bottles over single-use plastics is a pro-environmental behavior that can reduce plastic production and waste. This research investigates the underlying reasons behind students' choices regarding tap water consumption and reusable bottle usage. The data were collected from 58 students selected through convenience sampling utilizing questionnaires and participant observation. The questionnaire responses were thematically coded, and descriptive statistics, including percentages and frequencies, were used to analyze the data. Findings indicate that, while a relatively high percentage of students consume tap water compared to other universities, hygiene concerns related to water quality are the main hindrances. In terms of bottle usage, the primary motivation for carrying a reusable water bottle was to increase water intake. The major barrier was the inconvenience and lack of portability of reusable bottles. Notably, students overestimated the positive environmental impact of using reusable water bottles, which could potentially lead to greater environmental harm due to misconceptions. This pilot study underscores the need for further in-depth research to identify and address the misconceptions and barriers affecting students' pro-environmental behaviors.
Beyond Income and Education: Unveiling the True Catalysts of Green Behavior in Pakistan and South Asia
Authors: Zulfiqar Fasih
Published: January 2025

There is extensive literature on the progress of green alternatives in Pakistan, but there is no evaluation of how the people of Pakistan will respond to these proposed solutions. After conducting a literature review on green alternatives, this paper employs the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. It utilizes data from the World Values Survey (WVS) in conjunction with logistic regression to assess the viability of sustainable practices in Pakistan and whether specific demographic groups, such as women, highly educated individuals, and high-income citizens, exhibit a greater inclination to adopt sustainable practices. Our regression analysis indicates that people’s income, religiosity level, and age do not affect their likelihood of adopting sustainable practices. In contrast, their attitude towards free market ideology, self-provision, and cultural values such as power distance and global connectedness have a significant impact. The paper shows Pakistan’s education system does not instill environmental values in people like other South Asian systems. Women in South Asia are less likely to adopt sustainable practices than men. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions, guiding a nuanced restructuring of green alternative approaches in Pakistan and South Asia.
A User-Centered Account of Urban Energy Transitions in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kersey Jessica
Published: January 2025

The rapid and complex effects of urbanization are shifting energy production and consumption patterns on the African continent. Energy poverty is manifesting to an increasing degree and in diverse forms in low-income, vulnerable urban populations like informal settlements and/or “slums.” This photo essay shows the lived realities of the urban energy transitions unfolding across Kampala, Uganda’s many informal communities. Though residents are almost universally connected to the grid, 97% of households and businesses rely on expensive and polluting charcoal. Electricity access is precarious and residents develop personalized fuel-stacking strategies to balance the competing demands of affordability, health, convenience, etcetera. Redundancy, hybridity, and improvisation are key features of the strategies that low-income communities use to meet their daily energy needs in the face of an unreliable, unaffordable, or inaccessible grid. This essay contributes to a growing body of research that aims to center users within discussions of urban energy transitions and sustainable development broadly.
Evaluating a Decade of Mangrove Restorations in Mumbai: Success or Failure?
Authors: Shaham Adam
Published: January 2025

From 2012-2022, more than US $5 million was invested in the restoration of Mumbai’s mangrove forests. The present study is the first published evaluation of these restorations. Mangrove restoration is critical for coastal communities, rehabilitating forests that guard against floods and absorb eight times the CO2 of any other ecosystem. Mumbai has 150 km of shoreline and 65 km2 of mangroves. Heavy pollution, industrialization, and major infrastructure development have led to the clearance of thousands of mangrove trees over the last two decades. A sample of 25 mangrove restoration sites were assessed through a remote sensing, time-series analysis. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data were collated in Google Earth Engine and mangrove extent was determined through a random forest, machine learning model. Restoration failed at 13 of the 25 sites (52%) which saw no mangrove growth from their restoration start year until 2022. Across the 25 sites, there was an increase of 30.44 hectares (ha) of mangrove coverage, from 67.19 ha of cover prior to restoration, to 97.63 ha by 2022. Despite strong conservation laws and compensatory afforestation mechanisms, Mumbai’s mangroves remain vulnerable to urbanization and land-use land-cover changes. Policy recommendations, including public transparency around mangrove restoration locations, long-term forest monitoring, and improved enforcement of the existing coastal regulation zone, are outlined at the local, national, and international levels to improve mangrove restoration outcomes in Mumbai.
A Looming Crisis: Exploring the Precarious Legal Status of ‘Climate Refugees’ Under International and Human Rights Law
Authors: Sachs Claudia
Published: January 2025

As climate change worsens, millions of people around the world will be displaced, further exacerbating conflicts and resource scarcity. In recent years, individuals displaced by climate change have sought legal recognition as 'climate refugees' under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1951. This paper argues that the Convention, originally designed to address persecution-based displacement, lacks provisions for those fleeing environmental crises. This paper explores alternative legal frameworks relating to the status of 'climate refugees' under international and domestic law, with a focus on recent judicial opinions. It also examines alternative frameworks for refugee claims, including human rights treaties, as well as regional agreements such as the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees and the 2009 African Union Kampala Convention. These mechanisms offer potential pathways for recognizing and protecting those displaced by climate change beyond the narrow definition of the 1951 Refugee Convention. The paper concludes that regional agreements, modeled after the Kampala Convention, provide the most practical and enforceable solutions for addressing the complex legal challenges posed by climate-induced displacement.
Firm money in the approach to shariah economic law
Authors: Nurnafilah Hikmahtian , Kurniawati Fitri
Published: January 2025

The swift and unprecedented progress of scientific inquiry and technological innovation in the contemporary digital landscape has ushered in transformative and revolutionary shifts in the realm of financial transactions, whereby individuals no longer find it necessary to endure the tedious process of queuing in order to establish a savings account or to bide their time awaiting the issuance of an ATM card; instead, in this modern age, all that is required is the simple act of downloading an application and replenishing one’s balance, which facilitates immediate transactional capabilities. The outcomes derived from the comprehensive analysis indicate that the four electronic money platforms, namely BCA Sakuku, Link Aja, OVO, and GoPay, serve as significant representatives of their growing presence within the Indonesian market, warranting not only heightened scrutiny from regulatory authorities but also necessitating an in-depth examination from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, especially considering that a substantial proportion of the users engaging with these electronic monetary systems identify as Muslim. The emergence and proliferation of electronic money is an undeniable phenomenon that cannot be dismissed or overlooked, as it is intrinsically linked to the rapid pace of technological advancement, compelling the legal framework to adapt and align itself with the exigencies of progress inherent in this millennial epoch characterized by digitalization, speed, and precision; it is conceivable that physical currency may, in certain contexts, be rendered obsolete.
E-money and card payment instruments affect money speed in Indonesia
Authors: Sitanggang Romauli , Tiawon Harin , Beatris Diana
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive study is meticulously designed to thoroughly examine and elucidate the profound impact that electronic money, commonly referred to as e-money, along with various payment instruments that utilize cards, has on the dynamics of money circulation within the economic landscape of Indonesia. To achieve this objective, the research methodology employed in this investigation is a rigorous multiple linear regression analysis, which is conducted with the sophisticated statistical software known as EViews 9, and it is imperative to note that the type of data utilized in this research is categorized as secondary data. The secondary data, which has been meticulously gathered for the purposes of this analysis, has been sourced from reputable institutions, specifically the Central Statistics Agency and Bank Indonesia, both of which provide a wealth of information that has been systematically collected and organized for analytical scrutiny. The findings derived from this extensive study reveal that, whether examined in isolation or collectively, the total volume of electronic money currently in circulation, the quantity of Electronic Data Capture (EDC) machines operational in the market, and the various Card Payment Instruments (APMK) all exert a significant and positive influence on the overall money circulation within the Indonesian economy. Furthermore, this research contributes valuable insights into the transformative role that these modern financial instruments play in shaping monetary flows, thereby enhancing our understanding of contemporary financial practices in Indonesia. Ultimately, the implications of these findings underscore the necessity for stakeholders in the financial sector to recognize and adapt to the evolving landscape of digital payment mechanisms as they continue to permeate and redefine traditional notions of currency circulation.
Analysis of the influence of entrepreneurial behavior on business performance
Authors: Sastra Dian , Raysharie Puput Iswandyah , Benius Benius , Giopingki Erwin , Heldo Heldi , Reyna Laura , Sirait Adelia , Simandalahi Lusiana , Cahnia Murny , Azzahra Nadya , Mawardani Rizka
Published: January 2025

This scholarly investigation is specifically designed to thoroughly explore and analyze the multifaceted influence exerted by entrepreneurial behavior on the overall performance of businesses across various sectors. By engaging in a comprehensive literature review, this research endeavors to construct an intricate and nuanced understanding of the ways in which entrepreneurial behavior can effectively shape, mold, and influence a diverse array of dimensions related to business performance, including profitability, market share, and customer satisfaction. In this academic discourse, the research delineates the principal findings derived from a meticulous examination of related literature, with a focused emphasis on identifying the pivotal factors that serve to mediate and facilitate the correlation between entrepreneurial behavior and the resultant business performance outcomes. The abstract conclusions drawn from this investigation can serve as a foundational basis for subsequent research endeavors aimed at further elucidating this critical relationship. The empirical results generated through this rigorous research methodology indicate a significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial behavior and enhanced business performance, underscoring the importance of proactive entrepreneurial initiatives. Specifically, initiatives designed to uncover and capitalize on new business opportunities, coupled with innovative approaches to marketing strategies and a prudent capacity for risk management, all contribute fundamentally to the enhancement of business productivity and long-term sustainability. This research ultimately provides profound and comprehensive insights that are invaluable for business stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers, thereby equipping them with the knowledge necessary to navigate the complexities of the entrepreneurial landscape effectively.
influence of service quality and trust on customer satisfaction
Authors: Benius Benius , Raysharie Puput Iswandyah , Roy Ignatius Hapiktoran , A Vioni , Wani Yesra , Meilyadina Yessyka , Yetno Yetno , Sepditami Yuafni , Tamil Yuyun , Zahra Zahra
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive examination meticulously illustrates the profound ramifications of trust and the caliber of administration on consumer satisfaction, thereby shedding light on the intricate dynamics at play. It is evident that there exist both notable differences and significant similarities among the various journals that have been scrutinized, as well as the diverse perspectives that each of these scholarly publications presents. In addition to delving into several critical aspects concerning the constructs of trust and administration quality, a multitude of viewpoints will be explored in depth and with great consistency throughout the course of this Research Journal. The Learning Writing Research Methodology is employed as the primary approach for the systematic collection of data within this Research Journal, ensuring a robust analytical framework. This methodological approach aggregates information from a variety of distinct published journals, which are then synthesized into a singular comprehensive journal that will be subjected to thorough analysis and interpretation in this Research Journal. Through this rigorous examination, the study aims not only to contribute to the existing literature but also to foster a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between trust, administration quality, and the resultant levels of consumer satisfaction. Ultimately, this research endeavors to illuminate the complexities of these interrelationships, offering valuable insights for both academics and practitioners in the field
Review of financials, sales, and marketing strategy for micro, small, and medium enterprises in Palangka Raya City
Authors: Giovanni Jonathan , Subianto Pratiwi
Published: January 2025

This academic investigation is meticulously designed with the primary objective of categorizing and analyzing the performance metrics of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) situated within the urban confines of Palangka Raya City, with a particular emphasis on financial dimensions, product sales figures, and the efficacy of marketing strategies employed by these enterprises. Through the utilization of this systematic methodology, it becomes feasible to discern and identify groups of MSMEs that exhibit homogeneity in their operational characteristics, thereby facilitating the development of more precise and tailored strategies aimed at fostering their growth and development. To gather relevant primary data that would underpin this analysis, a comprehensive survey was administered to a total of 100 respondents, utilizing a well-structured questionnaire designed to elicit detailed information regarding their business operations. The analytical process employed in this study incorporated descriptive statistical tests, which were instrumental in not only processing the collected data but also in effectively visualizing the results, thus enhancing the interpretability of the findings. The outcomes derived from the clustering analysis revealed significant patterns that can be leveraged to inform management strategies for MSMEs, particularly in relation to enhancing operational efficiency and augmenting the effectiveness of their marketing endeavors. It is the aspiration of this scholarly work that the insights garnered herein will serve as a valuable resource for government entities and various stakeholders, enabling them to make informed decisions that are grounded in empirical data and that contribute positively to the economic growth of the local community. Furthermore, by providing a clearer understanding of the operational landscape of MSMEs, this study aims to encourage the implementation of supportive policies that are conducive to sustainable development within the region. Ultimately, the research endeavors to bridge the gap between academic inquiry and practical application, thereby fostering a collaborative environment in which both theory and practice can thrive in the pursuit of economic advancement. In conclusion, the findings of this study hold the potential to significantly influence the strategic direction of MSMEs in Palangka Raya City, ultimately contributing to a more robust local economy.
Analysis Of E-Marketing Implementation In Enhancing The Sales Of Mudharabah Savings Products From An E-Commerce Perspective: A Case Study Of BSI Kc Metro A Yani
Authors: Purnama Sari Anisa , Novita Sari Linda , Nur Cahyati Nur , Tiara Sari Putri , Alfiansyah Alfiansyah Imanda Putra
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the implementation of e-marketing in enhancing the sales of Mudharabah savings products from an e-commerce perspective, using BSI KC Metro A Yani as a case study. The research adopts a qualitative method, using data from BSI KC Metro A Yani’s customers and gathering in-depth information from its employees. Data collection techniques included interviews and document analysis, while data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman approach.. The findings reveal that the implementation of e-marketing at BSI KC Metro A Yani has significantly increased the sales of Mudharabah savings products. Through effective strategies, the bank successfully expanded its market reach, attracted new customers, and boosted transaction volumes. Despite encountering several challenges, the solutions implemented effectively addressed these issues. By continuously innovating and adapting to technological advancements, BSI KC Metro A Yani has been able to sustain and even enhance its success in leveraging e-commerce for marketing Islamic banking products
Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability - Current Theoretical Situation in Japan
Authors:   Korean Civil Law Association, NAKAHARA Taro
Published: January 2025

Faced with the development of the artificial intelligence-based technologies, do we need to modify our civil liability (tort liability) system or compensation system in general? Although an AI system has several features compared to other technologies, it is its “autonomy” which poses the essential question whether a harm caused by its output can be attributed to a human. The aim of this paper is to overview and to analyze the current theoretical situation regarding this topic in Japan.
Just like in other countries, the adaptability of the existing civil liability regime to the accidents caused by autonomous vehicles is considered as a question to be solved as immediately as possible in Japan. Although the liability regime established by the Act on Securing Compensation for Automobile Accidents in 1955 will work acceptably well for the SAE Level 4 (High Driving Automation) vehicles, there are worries that it won’t for the SAE Level 5 (Full Driving Automation) vehicles because of the eventual disappearance of the person responsible according to this regime. This is why the Japanese government and law scholars have started to discuss the alternative regimes aiming to reinforce the civil liability of manufactures of autonomous vehicles such as renewing the compulsory liability insurance, elaborating an independent liability regime for autonomous vehicles, creating a compensation fund, etc.
How about AI systems in general? The modernization of the common civil liability regimes will be inevitable: the traditional fault liability regime should be reinforced by introducing the general measures of the presumption of fault and/or causality; the existing product liability regime established by the Product Liability Act in 1994 should be modified to be adapted to the digitalization. However, these solutions might be nothing more than stopgap measures, considering the inherent limits of these regimes (necessity to identify a “misconduct” of a human using an AI system, difficulty in defining a “defect” of an AI system, etc.). Three new regimes are to be further discussed: no fault liability focusing on the uncontrollability of autonomous AI systems, vicarious liability regarding AI systems as auxiliaries of humans, and compensation fund intended to indemnify victims of the outputs of AI systems. Each regime poses a lot of theoretical questions to which the current Japanese civil liability doctrine is not yet ready to answer satisfactorily.
Vertragsrücktritt - Eine kleine Erklärung über den endgültigen Entwurf des Gründungskomitees für die Novellierung des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs -
Authors:   Korean Civil Law Association, Ahn Byung Ha
Published: January 2025

Der Vertragsrücktritt stützt sich auf das Synallagma des gegenseitigen Vertrags, sodass das Koreanische Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch(KBGB) die Vorschriften über den Vertragsrücktritt im Teil des allgemeinen Vertragsrechts bereitstellt. Trotzdem orientieren sich diese Vorschriften nicht an dem Vertragsrücktritt selbst, sondern eher an den Typen der Nichterfüllung, was der einheitlichen Systematisierung des Rücktrittsrechts kaum hilft. Im Bewusstsein dieser Problematik schlägt der Entwurf des Gründungskomitees neue Vorschriften vor, welche sich wie folgt zusammenfassen lassen.
1. Zunächst verrechtlicht der Entwurf die Lehre der Geschäftsgrundlage. Bei der Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage erlaubt er die Vertragsanpassung und nur nachrangig den Vertragsrücktritt. Da dieses Rechtsinstitut aus dem Grundsatz von Treu und Glauben stammt, kann man nicht alle Punkte der Voraussetzungen bzw. der Rechtsfolgen absolut klar bestimmen. Die Vorschriften des Entwurfs bieten jedoch genügende Kriterien für plausible Entscheidungen in der Praxis.
2. In Bezug auf des gesetzlichen Rücktritts, der bei der Nichterfüllung der vertraglichen Leistungspflicht erfolgt, ist der Verzicht auf das Verschulden des Schuldners am auffälligsten. Dafür stehen nicht nur das Wesen des Rücktritts, sondern auch die internationale Tendenz. Nach dem Entwurf kann der Gläubiger grundsätzlich nur dann vom Vertrag zurücktreten, wenn er dem Schuldner erfolglos eine angemessene Frist zur Leistung bestimmt hat. Hierdurch werden die Interessen der Vertragsparteien gut ausgeglichen. Der Entwurf stellt auch klar fest, dass der Gläubiger gegebenenfalls bereits vor dem Eintritt der Fälligkeit der Leistung zurücktreten. Der Entwurf gibt aber keinen Aufschluss darüber, wie weit der Gläubiger für die Nichterfüllung verantwortlich sein muss, damit der Rücktritt ausgeschlossen werden kann. Darüber hinaus fehlt es an der Vorschrift über den Rücktritt wegen der Teilleistung.
3. Im Hinblick auf die Wirkungen des Rücktritts sieht der Entwurf von der theoretischen Frage ab. Er konzentriert sich auf die praktische Lösung der Probleme. Im Prinzip haben die Vertragsparteien die empfangenen Leistungen zurückzugewähren und die gezogenen Nutzungen herauszugeben. In Ausnahmefällen ist der sog. Wertersatz möglich. Die bisher mangelnde Vorschrift über die Herausgabe der Früchte sieht der Entwurf auch vor. Mithilfe der neu vorgeschlagenen Vorschriften werden das Rückgewährschuldverhältnis gegenüber dem Bereicherungsrecht im erforderlichen Maße selbständig.
Exploring the evolution of scientific publication on portfolio optimization in the light of artificial intelligence: A bibliometric study
Authors: Shabani Mostafa , Ghousi Rouzbeh , Mohammadi Emran
Published: January 2025

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) has profoundly influenced various domains, including portfolio optimization. In today’s dynamic and interconnected global economy, understanding the development of scientific publications in this field is crucial for both academics and practitioners. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric study of the scientific literature on portfolio optimization, focusing on the impact of AI, ML, and DL advancements. By analyzing key trends, influential publications, and emerging research areas, this study provides valuable insights into the progression of portfolio optimization research in the context of these transformative technologies, helping to map future directions and identify knowledge gaps in the field. This paper endeavors to present an exhaustive synthesis of the most recent advancements and innovations within the domain of portfolio optimization, particularly as influenced by progressive developments in AI, ML and DL from 1996 to 2024. Employing a rigorous bibliometric analysis, this study scrutinizes the structural and global paradigms governing this field. The analytical framework integrates several dimensions, including: (1) comprehensive dataset interrogation, (2) critical evaluation of source repositories, (3) contributions of seminal authors, (4) geographical and institutional affiliations, (5) document-centric analysis, and (6) exploration of keyword dynamics. A corpus of 745 bibliographic entries, meticulously curated from the Web of Science database, forms the basis of this inquiry, which utilizes advanced Scientometric network methodologies to extrapolate substantive research insights. The discourse culminates in a robust critique of the inherent strengths and methodological limitations, while delineating strategic avenues for future research, with the objective of steering ongoing scholarly discourse in the realm of portfolio optimization. The empirical outcomes of this study enhance the understanding of prevailing intellectual trajectories, thus laying a fortified foundation for future investigative pursuits in this critically evolving discipline.
The impact of audit software on quality of audit in Kuwait: Insights from auditors
Authors: Alnesafi Awwad
Published: January 2025

This research tries to find a relationship between audit quality and audit software, impacted by the latter. In this study, multiple sentiments of audit professionals and finance executives on the relation of audit software and quality of audit in Kuwait are examined where, on the basis of agreed perspectives of professionals, it was found that audit software positively influences audit quality. This particular article tries to extend the previous works and emphasizes on the observation of audit professionals and their perspectives through a well-structured survey and semi-structured interviews. This study is to identify the distinctiveness of the audit industry in Kuwait comparing market size and available inadequate local auditors. The authors try to establish the relationship between audit quality and audit software considering the fact that acceptance of audits software will definitely give a more effective and robust audit process to cover market needs. The paper also considers the auditors’ training and experience as a moderating factor for the adoption and usage of audit software in auditing practices in Kuwait, resulting in useful insights on the effects of the adoption and use of auditing software in enhancing the quality of audit reports as well as suggesting resources for the use of technological developments in auditing practices. Thus, the study contributes to the extant literature on the dynamics for the adoption and usage of computerized systems in auditing practices to improve the quality of audit reports.
Gross domestic product, savings, investment and inflation, an ARDL approach and Toda-Yamamoto causality: Evidence from Zimbabwe
Authors: Kondo Talent , Mutsvanga Simba , Kanyekanye Tonderai
Published: January 2025

This study examined the causal relationships between inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), domestic savings, and investment in Zimbabwe using Toda-Yamamoto causality tests and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach with secondary data spanning from 1990-2022. The Granger causality analysis revealed a bidirectional causal effect between inflation and GDP, indicating that inflation significantly impacts the country's economic growth. Additionally, the analysis showed a unidirectional causal relationship from inflation to domestic savings, suggesting that high and persistent inflation can erode the value of existing savings and discourage individuals from saving. Furthermore, the study found a distinct causal flow from savings to investment, without feedback in the opposite direction, highlighting the crucial role of a robust savings culture in providing the necessary foundation for sustained investment and economic growth. The ARDL approach provided further insights into the dynamic relationships between these variables. In the short run, lagged GDP and current and lagged savings positively influenced GDP, while the second lag of savings had a negative impact, supporting the Carroll-Weil hypothesis that savings typically follow, rather than precede, economic growth in the short run. The analysis also found a positive short-run and long-run relationship between investment and GDP, supporting the view that investment is an important factor of economic growth. The study recommends that the policy makers can leverage the synergies between savings, investment, and inflation management to foster sustained economic growth and development in line with the government development policies. Developing policies to attract savings and reduce the cost of savings, as well as promoting long-term savings over transactional savings, can increase the country's overall savings base.
Mobility Challenges and Inclusive Solutions for People with Physical Disabilities in India
Authors: Jay Pandya, Jay Kumar Joshi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the complex mobility challenges encountered by individuals with physical disabilities in India and seeks to identify inclusive solutions that can improve their accessibility and autonomy. Significant barriers to their full societal participation include inadequate infrastructure, limited transportation options, societal stigma, economic constraints, and gaps in policy implementation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research incorporates surveys, interviews, and field observations to analyze these issues. The findings underscore the critical need for enhanced accessibility standards and their enforcement, increased investment in accessible transportation, greater affordability and availability of assistive devices, as well as inclusive educational and employment opportunities. Additionally, public awareness campaigns are essential to address social stigma. The research advocates for a comprehensive framework of inclusive solutions, which encompasses universal design principles, accessible transportation systems, assistive technologies, support services, policy advocacy, and participatory design methodologies. By adopting these strategies, India can foster a more inclusive and equitable society, enabling persons with physical disabilities to fully exercise their right to mobility and engage meaningfully in all facets of life. The researchers are collaborating with a prominent NGO active in the field of disability in Bengaluru, and a study involving beneficiaries of CSR Program driven in association of NGO partner is planned.
Customer Relationship Management initiatives in Pharmaceutical Industry in India: The Newer and emerging trends of CRM & their impact
Authors: Jatin Trivedi, Shrikant Ratley
Published: January 2025

Pharmaceutical industry in India is one of the fastest growing industries in the country today, growing with an average CGAR of 8.5% with an approx. market size of approx. 2 trillion. The relevance of the Indian Pharmaceutical industry can be measured by the fact that today India is considered as the Pharmacy of the World. However, the industry is now experiencing a rapid change because of the changing scenario in the field of Pharmaceutical Marketing. The dependence of marketing strategies on Key Opinion leaders or decision maker Doctors had given rise to newer trends of marketing strategies to win over the confidence of KOLs. In the current scenario the most important tool which Pharma companies use to retain their KOLs is Customer Relationship management initiatives. Although Indian Pharmaceutical companies are practicing these CRM based marketing since last 2-3 decades or so, there seems a huge paradigm shift from traditional mode of customer relationship management (CRM) to the highly advanced and intuitive means of CRM initiatives, which are in practice now a days. This paradigm shift which was happening at a steady pace, have been hastened due to the sudden emergence of Covid-19. This paper tries to explore these changing trends of CRM marketing strategies adapted by the Indian Pharmaceutical industry, in the field of pharmaceutical marketing in India & the extent of their impact on medical practitioners in India, for whom they are designed.