bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Abnormal Crowd Behavior Recognition Technology Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Zhao Rongyong , Hua Feng , Wei Bingyu , Li Cuiling , Ma Yulong , Wong Eric S. W. , Liu Fengnian
Published: October 2024

Abnormal crowd behavior recognition is one of the research hotspots in computer vision. Its goal is to use computer vision technology and abnormal behavior detection models to accurately perceive, predict, and intervene in potential abnormal behaviors of the crowd and monitor the status of the crowd system in public places in real time, to effectively prevent and deal with public security risks and ensure public life safety and social order. To this end, focusing on the abnormal crowd behavior recognition technology in the computer vision system, a systematic review study of its theory and cutting-edge technology is conducted. First, the crowd level and abnormal behaviors in public places are defined, and the challenges faced by abnormal crowd behavior recognition are expounded. Then, from the dimensions based on traditional methods and based on deep learning, the mainstream technologies of abnormal behavior recognition are discussed, and the design ideas, advantages, and limitations of various methods are analyzed. Next, the mainstream software tools are introduced to provide a comprehensive reference for the technical framework. Secondly, typical abnormal behavior datasets at home and abroad are sorted out, and the characteristics of these datasets are compared in detail from multiple perspectives such as scale, characteristics, and uses, and the performance indicators of different algorithms on the datasets are compared and analyzed. Finally, the full text is summarized and the future development direction of abnormal crowd behavior recognition technology is prospected.
Editorial of Special Issue on Power Transmission and Control in Power and Vehicle Machineries
Authors: Li Yunhua , Sepehri Nariman , Ito Kazuhisa , Cai Maolin , Xu Bing , Shi Yan
Published: October 2024

Power transmission and control include the conversion, transmission, and distribution of power, and the actuating of control in the end implement block; it plays an important part in the power and the vehicle of machines [...]
A New Prediction Model of Annular Pressure Buildup for Offshore Wells
Authors: Xie Renjun , Zhang Laibin
Published: October 2024

Subsea wellheads and Christmas trees are commonly utilized in deepwater oil and gas development. However, the special structure of subsea wellheads makes it difficult to monitor casing–casing annular pressure buildup, which in turn poses a greater risk to the integrity of the wellbore. In order to analyze the effect of changes in the casing-free section and the sealed section on the variation in annulus volume, a new annular pressure buildup model of casing-cement sheath-formation deformation was established and verified according to the elastic deformation theory. Furthermore, the influence of casing deformation on annulus pressure buildup was analyzed. Results indicate that the error of annulus pressure buildup predicted by the multi-string mechanical model proposed in this paper that considers the deformation of the casing sealing section is approximately 13% lower than the one that does not consider this factor. This paper provides guidance for the design of casing strings in deepwater oil and gas wells, ensuring safe production.
Dynamic Optimization of Exclusive Bus Lane Location Considering Reliability: A Case Study of Beijing
Authors: Kou Weibin , Zhang Shijie , Liu Fei , Pang Lan
Published: October 2024

For metropolises like Beijing, heavy congestions cause transit passengers’ unreliable travel time, including in vehicle time and waiting time. Comparing with other managerial measures, designing a lane for bus use only is an effective method to improve travel reliability, for it can eliminate the influence on bus-driving conditions. This paper proposes a reliable and practical method to determine exclusive bus lanes (EBL). A reliability-based optimization model is established, in which the tradeoff among bus and private car passengers’ travel time, reliability, and EBL construction cost are considered. Based on the actual network, a user equilibrium demand assignment model is applied to estimate the dynamic bus flow distribution. Since the model is nonlinear, a two-step method is proposed where tangent lines are introduced to constitute an envelope curve to linearize the model. This work conducts the statistical modeling and fitting analysis with actual bus trajectory data, collected on EBL in Beijing during peak hours. Passenger travel time distributions are fitted to estimate the statistical passenger travel time; Lognormal distribution and Gaussian distribution are the best fit. The optimization results indicate that the passenger travel time reliability can be improved by 5.5% by the optimized EBL location scheme. This study will provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for improving the service level of the public transportation system in large cities through the scientific planning of exclusive bus lanes.
EMB-YOLO: A Lightweight Object Detection Algorithm for Isolation Switch State Detection
Authors: Chen Haojie , Su Lumei , Shu Riben , Li Tianyou , Yin Fan
Published: October 2024

In power inspection, it is crucial to accurately and regularly monitor the status of isolation switches to ensure the stable operation of power systems. However, current methods for detecting the open and closed states of isolation switches based on image recognition still suffer from low accuracy and high edge deployment costs. In this paper, we propose a lightweight object detection model, EMB-YOLO, to address this challenge. Firstly, we propose an efficient mobile inverted bottleneck convolution (EMBC) module for the backbone network. This module is designed with a lightweight structure, aimed at reducing the computational complexity and parameter count, thereby optimizing the model’s computational efficiency. Furthermore, an ELA attention mechanism is used in the EMBC module to enhance the extraction of horizontal and vertical isolation switch features in complex environments. Finally, we proposed an efficient-RepGDFPN fusion network. This network integrates feature maps from different levels to detect isolation switches at multiple scales in monitoring scenarios. An isolation switch dataset was self-built to evaluate the performance of the proposed EMB-YOLO. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved superior detection performance on our self-built dataset, with a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.2%, while maintaining a computational cost of only 6.5×109 FLOPs and a parameter size of just 2.8×106 bytes.
Survival 1.0: A Novel Autonomous Industrial Mobile Warehouse (AIMW) for Industrial Environments
Authors: Garcia Eduardo , Montaña Miguel , Montés Nicolás
Published: October 2024

This article presents the design, implementation and start-up of the first AIMW (Autonomous Industrial Mobile Warehouse) in the industry, in particular, in the factory located at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes (Valencia). This first version has been given the name of “Survival”, due to its ability to survive the industrial environment commonly known as “the jungle”. The motivation for the design of the first AIMW was due to the management of spare warehouses for maintenance tasks. In all factories there is a central warehouse where replacement materials with a higher probability of use are placed near the warehouse exit, thus reducing the time to obtain the replacement. However, in large factories, such as automobile manufacturing, the distance between the central warehouse and the place where the breakdown occurs may cause very long delays. For this reason, there are smaller warehouses distributed throughout the plant that replicate the part of the central warehouse where the most used materials are kept. The objective of our research is to make that part of the central warehouse mobile with the AIMW design, thus eliminating the fixed warehouses. In the factory at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes there are 170 of these warehouses distributed in a homogeneous way. In this first proposal of an AIMW, and with the primary objective of reducing costs, Survival 1.0 has been designed based on a commercial AMR. For its choice, commercial AMRs were tested in real situations within the Ford factory (Almussafes). As a result, none of them were able to pass all the tests. In addition, the current regulations for AMRs, the ANSI/ITSDF B56.5:2019 and the EN 1525:1997 standard, only define minimum test standards to describe how manufacturers and users must carry out the safety measurements of AGVs and AMRs. However, from an industry point of view, these regulations are not adequate. Therefore, there are extensions of these regulations generated by the companies themselves that imply additional developments of commercial AMRs. This paper shows the developments made to be able to integrate the first AIMW into the production line, but it also shows the gap between research and standardization of AMRs with respect to the demands and needs of the industry. There are currently three Survival 1.0 AIMWs in operation in the factory at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes.
Initial Coefficient Bounds for Bi-Close-to-Convex Classes of n-Fold-Symmetric Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Gurusamy P. , Çağlar M. , Cotirla L. I. , Sivasubramanian S.
Published: October 2024

In this article, the strong class of bi-close-to-convex functions of order α and β in n-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions, which is the subclass of σ, is introduced. The upper bound value for an+1, a2n+1 for functions in these classes are obtained. Moreover, the Fekete–Szegö relation for our classes of functions are established.
A Heuristic Attribute-Reduction Algorithm Based on Conditional Entropy for Incomplete Information Systems
Authors: Bao Yanling , Cheng Shumin
Published: October 2024

With the continuous expansion of databases, the extraction of information has been an urgent research topic in many fields. As an effective method to remove redundant attributes, attribute reduction demonstrates extraordinary ability in simplifying information systems. This paper applies a novel form of conditional entropy to investigate the attribute reduction in incomplete information systems. Firstly, a novel definition of conditional entropy is introduced based on tolerance relation. Additionally, in order to reduce time complexity, we propose a binsearch heuristic attribute-reduction algorithm with conditional entropy as heuristic knowledge. Furthermore, two examples are used to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the reduction algorithm.
Kinematic Patterns of Different Loading Profiles Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Brendle Saskia A. , Krueger Sven , Fehrenbacher Janno , Grifka Joachim , Müller Peter E. , Mihalko William M. , Richter Berna , Grupp Thomas M.
Published: October 2024

One of the major goals of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to restore the physiological function of the knee. In order to select the appropriate TKA design for a specific patient, it would be helpful to understand whether there is an association between passive knee kinematics intraoperatively and during complex activities, such as ascending stairs. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare the anterior–posterior (AP) range of motion during simulated passive flexion and stair ascent at different conditions in the same knees using a six-degrees-of-freedom joint motion simulator, and secondary, to identify whether differences between TKA designs with and without a post-cam mechanism can be detected during both activities, and if one design is superior in recreating the AP translation of the native knee. It was shown that neither TKA design was superior in restoring the mean native AP translation, but that both CR/CS and PS TKA designs may be suitable to restore the individual native kinematic pattern. Moreover, it was shown that passive and complex loading scenarios do not result in exactly the same kinematic pattern, but lead to the same choice of implant design to restore the general kinematic behavior of the native individual knee.
Post-Flowering Photoperiod Sensitivity of Soybean in Pod-Setting Responses
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Yuan Limei , Wang Yulin , Fang Ran , Lin Xiaoya , Li Haiyang , Chen Liyu , Wu Yichun , Huang Xin , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui , Lu Sijia , Kong Lingping
Published: October 2024

The development of soybean (Glycine max) is regulated by the photoperiod, with genes related to photoperiod sensitivity primarily focused on the flowering time. However, their roles in post-flowering reproductive development and the mechanisms by which the photoperiod affects them are not yet determined. In this study, we found that pod formation is sensitive to the photoperiod. Long-day conditions tended to extend the time from flowering to pod formation, and the first wave of flowers tended to fall off. Additionally, the photoperiod affected the pistil morphology; under short-day conditions, the stigma had a curved hook-like structure that facilitated better interaction with the filaments when pollen was released, ultimately influencing the timing of pod formation. Photoperiod-insensitive mutants, lacking E1 family and Evening Complex (EC) genes, showed no difference in the pod formation time under long-day or short-day conditions. Hormone content analysis and transcriptome data analysis indicated that various hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst pathway signals, and the application of sucrose solution in vitro might influence floral organ abscission.
RNA Interference Applied to Crustacean Aquaculture
Authors: Fajardo Carlos , De Donato Marcos , Macedo Marta , Charoonnart Patai , Saksmerprome Vanvimon , Yang Luyao , Purton Saul , Mancera Juan Miguel , Costas Benjamin
Published: October 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool that can be used to specifically knock-down gene expression using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effector molecules. This approach can be used in aquaculture as an investigation instrument and to improve the immune responses against viral pathogens, among other applications. Although this method was first described in shrimp in the mid-2000s, at present, no practical approach has been developed for the use of dsRNA in shrimp farms, as the limiting factor for farm-scale usage in the aquaculture sector is the lack of cost-effective and simple dsRNA synthesis and administration procedures. Despite these limitations, different RNAi-based approaches have been successfully tested at the laboratory level, with a particular focus on shrimp. The use of RNAi technology is particularly attractive for the shrimp industry because crustaceans do not have an adaptive immune system, making traditional vaccination methods unfeasible. This review summarizes recent studies and the state-of-the-art on the mechanism of action, design, use, and administration methods of dsRNA, as applied to shrimp. In addition, potential constraints that may hinder the deployment of RNAi-based methods in the crustacean aquaculture sector are considered.
Consumption of a Probiotic Blend with Vitamin D Improves Immunity, Redox, and Inflammatory State, Decreasing the Rate of Aging—A Pilot Study
Authors: Félix Judith , Baca Adriana , Taboada Luz , Álvarez-Calatayud Guillermo , De la Fuente Mónica
Published: October 2024

There is evidence of the effect of probiotic intake on the immune system. However, the effect probiotics may have on the rate of aging is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a probiotic blend on immunity, redox state, inflammation, and the rate of aging or biological age. A group of 10 men and 14 women took, daily for 2 months, a sachet with three probiotics (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BSO1, Lactobacillus reuteri LRE02, Lactobacillus plantarum LP14) and vitamin D. Before starting the treatment and after 2 months, peripheral blood was collected. Immune functions were assessed in isolated immune cells, and cytokine concentrations were also measured both in mononuclear cell cultures and plasma. Redox state parameters were also analyzed in whole blood cells. Finally, the Immunity Clock was applied to determine the biological age. Results show that the intake of this probiotic blend in general, in both men and women, improves immunity and decreases the oxidative and inflammatory state. In addition, it rejuvenates the biological age by 10 years on average. It can be concluded that this probiotic blend could be proposed as a good strategy to slow down the aging process, and to achieve healthy aging.
Establishing Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Head Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: Modlińska Sandra , Rojek Marcin , Bielówka Michał , Kufel Jakub
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Head Computed Tomography (CT) is an essential diagnostic tool for identifying brain pathologies and visualizing blood vessels. However, CT exposes patients to ionizing radiation, making it necessary to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) to ensure patient safety. This study aimed to establish DRLs for head CT scans and assess the influence of patient characteristics on radiation dose. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2043 non-contrast and 488 contrast-enhanced head CT scans performed between 1 July 2023 and 31 March 2024 using a SIEMENS SOMATOM Definition Edge machine. Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose-Length Product (DLP) values were analyzed, with DRLs set at the 75th percentile. The influence of gender, height, and weight on radiation dose was also evaluated. Results: The DRL for both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced scans was 58.18 mGy for CTDIvol and 1018.11 mGy·cm for DLP per acquisition. Total DLP was 2046.09 mGy·cm for contrast-enhanced and 1027.99 mGy·cm for non-contrast scans. No significant correlation was found between patient characteristics and radiation dose, allowing for a uniform DRL to be established. Conclusions: Uniform DRLs were successfully established for head CT scans, ensuring safe radiation doses for both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced studies. The lack of correlation between patient-specific factors and dose supports the use of standardized DRLs, contributing to optimized radiation safety in head CT diagnostics.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Understanding Motor Impairments
Authors: Andrade-Guerrero Jesús , Martínez-Orozco Humberto , Villegas-Rojas Marcos M. , Santiago-Balmaseda Alberto , Delgado-Minjares Karen M. , Pérez-Segura Isaac , Baéz-Cortés Mauricio T. , Del Toro-Colin Miguel A. , Guerra-Crespo Magdalena , Arias-Carrión Oscar , Diaz-Cintra Sofía , Soto-Rojas Luis O.
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, profoundly impacts health and quality of life. While cognitive impairments—such as memory loss, attention deficits, and disorientation—predominate in AD, motor symptoms, though common, remain underexplored. These motor symptoms, including gait disturbances, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and impaired balance, are often associated with advanced stages of AD and contribute to increased mortality. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that motor symptoms may be present in earlier stages and can serve as predictive markers for AD in older adults. Despite a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving these motor symptoms, several key pathways have been identified, offering avenues for further investigation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of motor symptoms in AD, discussing its progression, potential mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Addressing motor symptoms alongside cognitive decline may enhance patient functionality, improve quality of life, and support more comprehensive disease management strategies.
Gold Coast Criteria in ALS Diagnosis: A Real-World Experience
Authors: Ferullo Lucia , Risi Barbara , Caria Filomena , Olivieri Emanuele , Poli Loris , Gazzina Stefano , Leggio Ugo , Bertella Enrica , Giovanelli Giorgia , Labella Beatrice , Padovani Alessandro , Filosto Massimiliano
Published: October 2024

Background: Revised El Escorial (rEEC) and Awaji criteria are currently used for diagnosing and categorizing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, they are complex; their sensitivity is still not optimal for research purposes, and they present high inter-rater variability in clinical practice. To address these points, in 2019, a new set of diagnostic criteria was proposed, namely the Gold Coast criteria (GCC), characterized by a dichotomous diagnostic categorization, i.e., ALS or not ALS. Methods: In order to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical usefulness of GCC in a practical clinical setting, we retrospectively evaluated 131 patients diagnosed with ALS and 104 control subjects. ALSFRS-R score, electrophysiological tests, neuroradiological investigations, and CSF analysis were obtained. rEEC, Awaji, and GCC were applied at the first and last evaluations. Results: The sensitivity of GCC (93.1%; 96.1%) was greater than rEEC (71.8%; 87%) and Awaji criteria (77.8%; 89.3%) both at the first visit and last follow-up. The GCC’s specificity (28.8%) is lower than that of the other two criteria (rEEC 45.2%; Awaji 43.3%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that in a real-world setting, the GCC are more sensitive and have substantially lower risk of false negative diagnoses than rEEC and Awaji criteria. Although rEEC had the highest specificity, they may delay the diagnosis. Systematically using the GCC could help to achieve an earlier diagnosis and quickly refer patients to the correct management. The low specificity of GCC is likely to not significantly impact patient recruitment in clinical trials; therefore, its use might allow a faster and earlier enrollment.
Focal Vibration Therapy for Motor Deficits and Spasticity Management in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Giorgi Federica , Donati Danilo , Platano Daniela , Tedeschi Roberto
Published: October 2024

Background: Focal mechanical vibration therapy has gained attention as a potential intervention to improve motor function while decreasing spasticity and pain in post-stroke patients. Despite promising results, there remains variability in study designs and outcomes, warranting a review of its clinical efficacy. Methods: A review was conducted to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of focal mechanical vibration therapy on post-stroke rehabilitation. Six studies were included, assessing outcomes such as spasticity reduction (using the Modified Ashworth Scale), motor function recovery (Wolf Motor Function Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment), and pain management (Visual Analog Scale, Numerical Rating Scale). The quality of studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale and RoB-2 tool. An overview review was conducted to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. Results: The included studies demonstrated significant reductions in spasticity and improvements in motor function in most patients receiving focal vibration therapy. Notable improvements were observed when focal vibration was combined with other rehabilitation techniques, such as progressive modular rebalancing or robotic rehabilitation. Pain levels were also reduced in several studies. However, differences in vibration parameters (frequency, amplitude), small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods limit the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions: Focal mechanical vibration therapy appears to be an effective adjunct in post-stroke rehabilitation, particularly for reducing spasticity and improving motor function. Although short-term benefits are promising, further research is required to determine long-term efficacy and optimal treatment parameters. This review evaluates the effectiveness of focal vibration therapy in treating motor deficits and spasticity in post-stroke patients. The results suggest its potential to improve these conditions, though further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy.
Navigating Time-Inconsistent Behavior: The Influence of Financial Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitude on Hyperbolic Discounting
Authors: Bawalle Aliyu Ali , Lal Sumeet , Nguyen Trinh Xuan Thi , Khan Mostafa Saidur Rahim , Kadoya Yoshihiko
Published: October 2024

Hyperbolic discounting is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals prioritize smaller immediate rewards over larger future rewards. Time-inconsistent behavior is deemed irrational as it negatively impacts savings and investment, investment in financial knowledge, and long-term financial and personal well-being. This study hypothesizes that improving financial knowledge, promoting positive financial behavior, and fostering a future-oriented financial attitude can mitigate hyperbolic discounting bias and that these three components of financial literacy enable investors to make long-term economic decisions maximizing utility. We analyzed the responses of 114,170 active investors in Japan to examine the interactions between financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude. Our findings reveal a strong negative relationship between these dimensions and hyperbolic discounting, underscoring their crucial role in shaping individuals’ intertemporal preferences. For researchers, our results highlight the need to integrate multidimensional aspects of financial literacy into investigations of intertemporal discounting behaviors. Policymakers should implement holistic financial education programs that improve knowledge, transform behavior, and shape attitudes. Financial institutions and advisors should prioritize programs that mitigate hyperbolic discounting tendencies among clients. This study represents a significant advancement in the research on financial literacy, offering a comprehensive framework for future studies and practical applications aimed at improving financial decision-making outcomes.
Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement of Youth Living in Poverty
Authors: Khodor Rasha Mahmoud , Valero Coppin Oliver , Alvarez Canovas Isabel
Published: October 2024

Graduating from secondary education for adolescents living in poverty is challenging. Strong entrepreneurial intention and student engagement among youth living in poverty often play a protective role in reducing school dropout and fostering school completion, which results in improved educational attainment. However, research on this topic is scarce. A total of 1135 adolescents took part in this cross-sectional study, 50.9% of which were females. On average, they were 16.4 years old. They were all upper secondary school students from ten public and private schools in Lebanon. They completed instruments measuring entrepreneurial intention and student engagement. This study explored the covariate associations between risk and promotive factors through four dimensions of entrepreneurial intention and two components of student engagement (cognitive and psychological engagement). It shows positive associations for entrepreneurial intention with both individual factors (age) and social factors (working mother and private school). Negative associations for student engagement were found in all (individual and social) factors with the exception of the father’s job, which did not present any association. The findings provide insight for policymaking to empower schools to promote school completion and educational attainment among these youth by providing policy initiatives and school-based interventions that target entrepreneurial exposure and engagement strengthening, hence meeting young people’s individual, family, and school community needs.
Age-Friendly Street Construction: The Synergy of the Physical Environment in Old Urban Communities in Suzhou
Authors: Xia Zhengwei , Wang Xuanxuan , Wang Huixin , Jiang Jiayi , Chen Shi , Cao Hongshi
Published: October 2024

Community streets play a crucial role in promoting healthy aging and encouraging active behaviors among older adults. This study focuses on two types of activities of older adults: walking and social interaction. We explored the relationship between physical environmental factors and different activity types using a multiple linear regression model. Eye-level green visibility (GSVN) was used to represent the diversity of facilities (DFN), while betweenness (ABN) accounted for the mixed degree of functions (PNi), enhancing model stability. The results indicate that community environmental factors, both individually (R2 = 0.390) and in combination (R2 = 0.409), have significant effects on active behaviors. Notably, the combined variable model demonstrated greater stability. Moreover, the model’s explanatory power for social interaction (R2 = 0.567) was much higher than for walking behavior (R2= 0.137), underscoring the stronger influence of combined variables on social engagement. The results suggest that creating age-friendly urban environments requires a holistic approach that improves infrastructure, green visibility, and functional diversity to promote both mobility and social interaction. These insights provide valuable guidance for designing inclusive urban spaces that support active aging.
Research on the Loss Rule of the Leakage Problem in Residential Construction Based on Water Spray and Storage Tests
Authors: Yan Xikang , Chen Zeyu , Cheng Peng , Yan Yunhan
Published: October 2024

Leakage issues have received increasing attention as the most common and significant source of complaints in residential construction quality problems. In this study, based on the classification of residential construction leakage problems, 1947 water spray tests and 2333 water storage tests were conducted on 18 construction projects. An empirical analysis of 432 leakage cases was conducted to determine the loss law for a single leakage point as well as the loss laws for different grades of leakage problems. Through empirical analysis, it can be concluded that more than 90% of the leakage problems are third-level. To better understand the quantitative law of the residential construction leakage problem, a total loss law model was developed. Finally, the law of leakage loss in residential construction is summarized, and measures to reduce leakage loss in residential construction are proposed. This research can provide a theoretical basis and model tools for inherent defect insurance and help insurance companies control insurance risks and drive the promotion of inherent defect insurance.
Optimization of Neighborhood Public Space Design Based on Physical Environment Simulation and Crowd Simulation—A Case Study of Xiaomi’s Changping Campus
Authors: Ye Ziyun , Cao Xiaoyu , Gao Xiong , Wang Kun
Published: October 2024

Digital technology has brought drastic changes to the design methods, values, and design tools of neighbourhood public spaces, thereby changing the behavioural patterns of people in neighbourhood public spaces. Therefore, people’s requirements for urban public space have changed and are characterised by high efficiency, high precision, humanization, and high aesthetics. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted many studies and practises on the application of digital technology to neighbourhood design, but there is a lack of systematic research practises on the use and analysis of multi-faceted data. This paper selects the Xiaomi Beijing Changping II design project, simulates and deduces the physical environment of its location, simulates the results of the natural environment by using the data of sunshine, wind, and water catchment in the physical environment, and then simulates the crowd’s action paths by combining kinetic algorithms and ant algorithms to optimise the design methods, processes, and results of the neighbourhood public space on the basis of this research. The research team designed five groups of programmes for the project based on different design methods and processes, and conducted a comparative study of the five groups of programmes through the hierarchical analysis method in conjunction with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, as well as discussing them in conjunction with the actual bidding results of the project and the scoring conclusions of the industry experts. The results of the study show that the design scheme for neighbourhood public space based on physical environment simulation and crowd simulation is better able to take advantage of the analytical and predictive advantages of the technology and unite with the designer’s aesthetic interests, balancing the data objectivity and aesthetic subjectivity in the design process. The method is more likely to achieve a design solution that combines systematicity, foresight, rationality, and aesthetics, and provides an empirical case for the application of data simulation in public space, aiming to improve the rationality of public space design and solve the data-objective problems faced by the design of public space at this stage.
Blast-Resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Auxetic-Shaped Reinforcement Layout
Authors: Genç Oğuz Kağan , Kong Zhengyi , Keshtegar Behrooz , Thai Duc-Kien
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a numerical study of a blast-resistant design of reinforced concrete panels with a novel auxetic reinforcement layout inspired by auxetic materials, which have a negative Poisson’s ratio, i.e., shrink under compression and expand under tension. A series of two-way supported panels reinforced with re-entrant auxetic-shaped rebars were numerically tested under a TNT explosion. The high-fidelity multi-physics explicit solver of LS-DYNA was utilized to analyze the efficiency of the proposed design. Firstly, the incident pressure of a TNT explosion data and the structural response of a conventional reinforced concrete panel under a TNT explosion were successfully validated by comparing with the experimental and empirical results. Secondly, the blast-resistant capacity of the proposed model was evaluated in comparison to two different conventional designs. Moreover, a parametric study was carried out to reveal the driving parameters of the newly proposed auxetic-shaped reinforcement design. It has been proved that the proposed auxetic reinforcement layout significantly reduces the spalling radius and increases the energy absorption capacity of panels. As a result of the parametric study, the increased reinforcement volume ratio was ineffective on the spalling radius, although the cell size of auxetic reinforcement was found to be quite effective for the blast-resistant design of concrete panels. Overall, the proposed re-entrant auxetic reinforced panel performed far better than conventional designs under blast load. With the recent developments in 3D printing technology, the proposed auxetic reinforcement layout is a strong candidate to deal with blast-resistant designs of concrete panels.
Research and Case Application of Zero-Carbon Buildings Based on Multi-System Integration Function
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Lin Yuting , Wang Lan , Wang Qiankun , Zhu Ke , Yang Shize , Guo Guoqing
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on developing and implementing zero-carbon buildings through the integration of multiple systems to meet China’s carbon neutrality goals. It emphasizes the significant role of the building sector in carbon emissions and highlights the challenge of increasing energy consumption conflicting with China’s “dual carbon” targets. To address this, the research proposes a comprehensive framework that combines multifunctional envelope structure (MES) systems, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, direct current (DC) systems, flexible energy management (PEDF), and regional energy stations. This framework integrates different technologies such as phase change materials, radiation cooling, and carbon mineralized cement, aiming to reduce carbon emissions throughout the building’s lifecycle. The method has been successfully applied in the Yazhou Bay Zero Carbon Post Station project in Sanya, Hainan, with precise calculations of carbon emission reductions. The carbon emission calculations revealed a reduction of 44.13 tons of CO2 annually, totaling 1103.31 tons over 25 years, primarily due to the rooftop photovoltaic systems. It demonstrates that the multi-system integration can reduce carbon emissions and contribute to China’s broader carbon neutrality goals. This approach, if widely adopted, could accelerate the transition to carbon-neutral buildings in China.
Impact of Residual Vein Venous Thrombosis in Consecutive Patients with Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Treated with Tinzaparin—A Cohort Study
Authors: Rosa-Linares Carmen , Barca-Hernando Maria , Garcia-Garcia Victor , Lopez-Ruz Sergio , Elias-Hernandez Teresa , Otero-Candelera Remedios , Gutierrez-Campos David , Andrade-Ruiz Henry , Jara-Palomares Luis
Published: October 2024

Background: The role of residual venous thrombosis (RVT) as a risk factor for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) remains controversial. Methods: We conducted a cohort study on consecutive patients with CAT treated with tinzaparin recruited between 2007 and 2022. Primary outcome: RVT. Secondary outcomes: identification of variables associated with RVT and the role of RVT in VTE recurrences or clinically relevant bleeding (CRB). Results: Among 511 patients with CAT (age 64.1 years ± 13.4 years; 53.5% males) followed for 17.6 months (p25–75: 7.9–34), 35.8% (n = 183) presented RVT (at 6 months, 55.5%). Variables identified as being associated with RVT were ECOG performance status > 1, metastasis, and cancer location. Within 5 years, there were 57 CRB (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.6–14.2) and 67 VTE recurrences (13.1%, 95%CI: 10.3–16.4). Competing risk analysis identified that RVT at 6 months was associated with VTE recurrence within 5 years (sub-hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.7; p = 0.006), but not with CRB. Multivariate analysis confirmed that RVT at 6 months (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.7) and metastases (HR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.9) were associated with VTE recurrence within 5 years. Conclusions: RVT is high in patients with CAT. The presence of RVT at 6 months was associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE over 5 years.
Effect of Neoadjuvant Therapy on Endoluminal Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy (EVAC) for Anastomotic Leakage After Oesophagectomy
Authors: Fahrenkrog Catharina , Miftode Sorin , Al-Mawsheki Ahmed , Alfarawan Fadl , Wilters Stella , Bockhorn Maximilian , El-Sourani Nader
Published: October 2024

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a dreaded complication after oesophagectomy. Endoluminal vacuum-assisted closure therapy (EVAC) has been increasingly used as a first-line treatment for AL. We aimed to identify any potential adverse effects of a neoadjuvant therapy (chemotherapy (CT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT)) on EVAC. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at our tertiary centre between 2013 and 2024. All patients who underwent EVAC for AL after oesophagectomy were included in this study. Parameters such as success rate, length of therapy, number of sponges needed, changes in treatment, and survival were analysed. Results: A total of 29 patients were included, 19 of whom received CT/RCT and 10 of whom received no neoadjuvant treatment (NT). There was no significant difference in patient survival (30-day survival rate CT/RCT n = 1 (5.3%) vs. NT n = 1 (10%), p = 0.632), success rate (CT/RCT n = 15 (78.9%) vs. NT n = 9 (90%), p = 0.454), and length of therapy (CT/RCT vs. NT 24.11 vs. 23.8, p = 0.681), the number of sponges required (CT/RCT vs. NT 6.26 vs. 6.6, p = 0.835), and the need for changing treatment (CT/RCT n = 5 (26.3%) vs. NT n = 1 (10%), p = 0.303). Conclusions: NT did not affect the success rate or length of therapy. Thus, we found no significant influence of CT/RCT on EVAC for AL after oesophagectomy.
Rac1 GTPase Regulates the βTrCP-Mediated Proteolysis of YAP Independently of the LATS1/2 Kinases
Authors: Palanivel Chitra , Somers Tabbatha N. , Gabler Bailey M. , Chen Yuanhong , Zeng Yongji , Cox Jesse L. , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Dong Jixin , Yan Ying , Batra Surinder K. , Ouellette Michel M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are detected in >90% of pancreatic cancers (PC). In genetically engineered mouse models of PC, oncogenic KRAS drives the formation of precursor lesions and their progression to invasive PC. The Yes-associated Protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator required for transformation by the RAS oncogenes and the development of PC. In Ras-driven tumors, YAP can also substitute for oncogenic KRAS to drive tumor survival after the repression of the oncogene. Ras oncoproteins exert their transforming properties through their downstream effectors, including the PI3K kinase, Rac1 GTPase, and MAPK pathways. Methods: To identify Ras effectors that regulate YAP, YAP levels were measured in PC cells exposed to inhibitors of oncogenic K-Ras and its effectors. Results: In PC cells, the inhibition of Rac1 leads to a time-dependent decline in YAP protein, which could be blocked by proteosome inhibitor MG132. This YAP degradation after Rac1 inhibition was observed in a range of cell lines using different Rac1 inhibitors, Rac1 siRNA, or expression of dominant negative Rac1T17N mutant. Several E3 ubiquitin ligases, including SCFβTrCP, regulate YAP protein stability. To be recognized by this ligase, the βTrCP degron of YAP (amino acid 383–388) requires its phosphorylation by casein kinase 1 at Ser384 and Ser387, but these events must first be primed by the phosphorylation of Ser381 by LATS1/2. Using Flag-tagged mutants of YAP, we show that YAP degradation after Rac1 inhibition requires the integrity of this degron and is blocked by the silencing of βTrCP1/2 and by the inhibition of casein kinase 1. Unexpectedly, YAP degradation after Rac1 inhibition was still observed after the silencing of LATS1/2 or in cells carrying a LATS1/2 double knockout. Conclusions: These results reveal Rac1 as an oncogenic KRAS effector that contributes to YAP stabilization in PC cells. They also show that this regulation of YAP by Rac1 requires the SCFβTrCP ligase but occurs independently of the LATS1/2 kinases.
Deciphering the Metabolic Basis and Molecular Circuitry of the Warburg Paradox in Lymphoma
Authors: Ravi Dashnamoorthy , Kritharis Athena , Evens Andrew M.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Warburg’s metabolic paradox illustrates that malignant cells require both glucose and oxygen to survive, even after converting glucose into lactate. It remains unclear whether sparing glucose from oxidation intersects with TCA cycle continuity and if this confers any metabolic advantage in proliferating cancers. This study seeks to understand the mechanistic basis of Warburg’s paradox and its overall implications for lymphomagenesis. Methods: Using metabolomics, we first examined the metabolomic profiles, glucose, and glutamine carbon labeling patterns in the metabolism during the cell cycle. We then investigated proliferation-specific metabolic features of malignant and nonmalignant cells. Finally, through bioinformatics and the identification of appropriate pharmacological targets, we established malignant-specific proliferative implications for the Warburg paradox associated with metabolic features in this study. Results: Our results indicate that pyruvate, lactate, and alanine levels surge during the S phase and are correlated with nucleotide synthesis. By using 13C1,2-Glucose and 13C6, 15N2-Glutamine isotope tracers, we observed that the transamination of pyruvate to alanine is elevated in lymphoma and coincides with the entry of glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle. Finally, by using fludarabine as a strong inhibitor of lymphoma, we demonstrate that disrupting the transamination of pyruvate to alanine correlates with the simultaneous suppression of glucose-derived nucleotide biosynthesis and glutamine carbon entry into the TCA cycle. Conclusions: We conclude that the transamination of pyruvate to alanine intersects with reduced glucose oxidation and maintains the TCA cycle as a critical metabolic feature of Warburg’s paradox and lymphomagenesis.
Audiological and Subjective Benefits in a Child with Microtia and Atresia After Sequential Bilateral Implantation with Active Bone Conduction Devices: A Case Study
Authors: Cywka Katarzyna , Ratuszniak Anna , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk
Published: October 2024

Background: With bilateral hearing loss, the main problems for the patient are speech understanding in noise and, especially in asymmetrical hearing loss, an inability to correctly localize sound sources. There are multiple methods of treatment and rehabilitation for people with conductive hearing loss, and one of them is to use an active bone conduction implant. This case study is designed to evaluate the auditory benefits and sound localization accuracy with active bilateral bone conduction implants—in comparison to unilateral ones—in a patient with congenital bilateral conductive hearing loss caused by a congenital malformation. We assess subjective and audiological benefits (functional, directional hearing, speech comprehension in quiet and noise). Case report: This study describes the results in a 15-year-old patient with bilateral congenital malformation of the outer ears and associated conductive hearing loss who was treated with two Bonebridge active bone conduction implants. Speech recognition ability, hearing thresholds, and sound localization were tested under three conditions: unaided, unilateral on the right-side, and bilateral on both sides. The patient filled in an Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaire (APHAB) to evaluate limitations in daily life caused by hearing impairment. The results show an improvement in free-field hearing thresholds and the ability to discriminate speech, both in quiet and in noise after implantation. Subjectively, the patient had significantly fewer problems with two implants than with one (or with no implant) in terms of hearing in everyday situations. Conclusions: Unilateral use of the Bonebridge device in a patient with congenital bilateral conductive hearing loss did not provide full benefits. However, bilateral implantation improved speech understanding in noise and sound localization.
Patterns, Barriers, and Preferences of Treating Migraine Within the School Setting: A Survey Study of Students
Authors: Hershey Andrew D. , Shmuely Sharon , Stark-Inbar Alit , Asmar Yara , Ironi Alon , Strong Eric , Kabbouche Marielle
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Migraine affects 10% of adolescents and children. Typical school protocols in the USA require pharmacological medications to be administered by school nurses, often resulting in treatment delays or omissions when migraine attacks occur during school hours. The Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) wearable is an FDA-cleared smartphone-controlled device delivering acute and preventive treatment of migraine attacks in patients aged 8 and above, allowing safe, effective, discreet, and independent usage. Methods: This retrospective study (NCT06180577) evaluates treatment patterns, barriers, and preferences among school-age students. REN users < 18 years old were invited to complete an online survey. Participants signed an assent form, and their parents/legal guardians signed an informed consent form. Results: 332 patients aged 7–17 (15.5 ± 2.1) participated (80.4% female). After being prescribed the REN wearable, the percentage of students who treated their headaches at school increased from 78.3% to 89.8%. Most participants (65.4%) treated with either REN standalone (38.0%) or in combination with medications (27.4%). Common barriers to treatment included the need to leave class for the nurse’s office (64.2%), concerns about standing out (42.2%), and one barrier unique to REN–permission needed to use a smartphone in class (22.9%). The most common reasons given for preferring REN treatment at school are the ability to avoid going to the nurse’s office (42.5%) and to treat discreetly (39.2%). Conclusions: This study underscores the challenges of managing migraine at school while suggesting the importance of the REN wearable as a discreet and independently used first-line treatment for children and adolescents.