bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a full-scale slope failure test on a sludge embankment
Authors: Verreydt Kristof , Van Gemert Dionys , Rauwoens Pieter , Houtmeyers Jules , Claes Tom
Published: March 2019

In the framework of the reorganisation of several historical wet deposits of a chemical processing plant, one of the oldest wet deposits was cleared because of environmental and economic considerations. The stored sludge (around 350 000 m3) was transported to the neighbouring environmentally controlled deposit, Veldhoven (Ham, Belgium), and stacked on top of existing sludge, using the sludge itself as dyke construction material. To calibrate the embankment stability analysis procedure, a full-scale slope failure test was conducted on an embankment built with industrial calcium fluoride (CaF2) sludge. The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute–active, direct simple shear, passive (NGI–ADP) material model was used to perform a finite-element back-analysis of the full-scale slope failure test. Anisotropic conversion factors are suggested to convert the in situ measured vane shear strengths to shear strengths at different anisotropic stress states, which can then be implemented in the NGI–ADP model. The simple and quickly executable in situ vane shear test was used to master the uncertainties linked to the heterogeneity of the sludge. Sludge heterogeneity not only depends on sludge composition, but also on manipulations during transport and handling of the sludge at the construction of the elevations. The results of the full-scale slope failure test support the proposed modelling of the embankment stability problem.
Effects of temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration on concrete carbonation
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Ying , Yu Zhiwu
Published: March 2019

The influences of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on concrete carbonation in a simulated environment were investigated. The carbonation depth, compressive strength and surface strain of concrete under different simulated environments were tested. The results showed that the effects of temperature, RH and carbon dioxide concentration on carbonation depth and compressive strength were significant. There was a linear relation between temperature and carbonation depth as well as compressive strength of concrete. A power function existed between carbon dioxide concentration and carbonation depth, and there was an exponential function between carbon dioxide concentration and compressive strength. The carbonation of concrete was more significant when the RH was within the range 60­–80%. Significant differences of phase composition and hydration products were observed before and after the carbonation, mainly manifested as attenuation and disappearance of diffraction peaks of hydration products.
Livros literários em sala de aula: possibilidades de leitura e
Authors: Hessel Silveira Rosa Maria , Fonseca Richthofen de Freitas Letícia
Published: March 2019

O artigo objetiva analisar a recepção de três obras dos acervos para anos iniciais do Programa Nacional Biblioteca na Escola (PNBE) 2012, com a finalidade de contribuir para a reflexão sobre possíveis práticas de leitura literária em anos iniciais. A análise foi feita no material gerado em sessões de leitura de tais livros em três escolas públicas do Rio Grande do Sul, abordando os seguintes tópicos: as possibilidades de enriquecimento da leitura compartilhada, quando feita de forma interativa em sala de aula; a importância de uma leitura multissemiótica (multimodal) dos livros; a importância de uma articulação entre o universo ficcional da obra e as experiências pessoais, culturais e sociais das crianças; a produtividade de instrumentalizar o aluno para manipular elementos paratextuais do objeto livro
A leitura do conto The Happy Prince, de Oscar Wilde, como prática norteadora do ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua adicional
Authors: Pereira Tiago Ferreira , Stefani Monica
Published: March 2019

Este artigo trata do ensino da ILA no contexto da educação básica e pública brasileira por meio de uma prática pedagógica desenvolvida com base na utilização de textos literários, no caso o conto The Happy Prince (1888) de Oscar Wilde. O objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer um relato dessa prática pedagógica, bem como reflexões acerca do benefício da utilização da literatura no ensino da ILA. A justificativa é pautada sobre a descrença dos professores quanto à utilização de textos literários frente ao ensino da ILA. Importantes teóricos na área da linguagem e ensino, como Violetta-Irene (2015), Corchs (2006), Brumfit & Carter (1996), Festino (2011), entre outros, subsidiaram os apontamentos teóricos dessa pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam que é possível um ensino de língua por meio do texto literário, já que este oferece um ensino mais contextualizado, reflexivo, crítico, motivador, e que desenvolve as aptidões linguísticas dos alunos ao mesmo tempo em que enriquece seu conhecimento social, histórico e cultural.
O espaço do texto literário na Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Porto Ana Paula Teixeira , Porto Luana Teixeira
Published: March 2019

Considerando-se a relevância da leitura de textos literários para a formação humana e para o desenvolvimento do hábito de leitura e a necessidade de se oportunizar, na Educação Básica, o acesso ao texto literário e a práticas leitoras que possam despertar a fruição estética e a proposição de sentido para os textos lidos, este artigo discute uma recente orientação do Ministério da Educação (MEC) para o ensino fundamental brasileiro e avalia a perspectiva sobre a literatura constante no documento. Trata-se da Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC, aprovada em 2017, e que deve nortear a prática docente do primeiro ao nono ano do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas do país. Interessa, sobretudo, discutir a concepção de ensino de literatura na BNCC e avaliar a proposição de abordagem na segunda etapa do ensino fundamental O estudo toma por base reflexões sobre relações entre ensino e literatura e analisa o documento do MEC, apontado no artigo como elemento que ratifica um crescente apagamento do espaço da literatura na formação escolar.
Tried and True: Fair Use Tales for the Telling
Authors: McCleskey Sarah E. , Selby Courtney
Published: March 2019

On Thursday, March 1, 2018, the Harvard Library Office for Scholarly Communication hosted “Tried and True: Fair Use Tales for the Telling,” a one-day program celebrating Harvard’s Fifth Anniversary of Fair Use Week. Leading fair use scholars and practitioners shared their stories and engaged in lively discussion about the powerful and flexible fair use provision of the Copyright Act and its applications. Topics included treatment of the fair use doctrine in recent jurisprudence, conflicts over the use of visual works in remixes and mash-ups, academic work and social commentary, filmmaking, controlled digital lending practices in libraries, software preservation, and more. This article discusses the examples and ideas presented during the program and offers resources for further study in the application of fair use.
Differentiation of dendritic cells from human monocytes v1
Authors: Goyal Girija
Published: March 2019

This protocol describes the steps conventionally used to differentiate dendritic cells from human monocytes isolated from fresh whole blood or leukopaks. While these DC mimic many of the functions of the dendritic cell lineage, they are not considered classical DC which are a different lineage and very rare. By day 4 CD1c+ cells are emerging with a reduction in CD14 positivity
Serial killer pore investigation: protocol for analyzing fatigue failure pores in additively manufactured Ti6Al4V v1
Authors: Tshibalanganda Muofhe , Du Plessis Anton , Le Roux Stephan
Published: March 2019

This protocol outlines the steps followed to determine a potential "killer pore" in the area of failure of DMLS Ti6Al4V specimen. The methodology can be used more generally for positively identifying and quantifying small isolated pores in additively manufactured metals. In this case the focus was on analysis of a 4 mm region near the eventual fracture surface, to identify all pores in the vicinity of the "killer pore" - the one causing failure by fatigue tests. This protocol was developed for Ti6Al4V with 99.99% density (only small amount of porosity, very small pores only), tensile fatigue specimen round dogbone geometry with 5 mm gauge width.
Chiral Peculiar Properties of Self-Organization of Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotubes: Modeling Of Structure and Properties
Authors: Bystrov V.S. , Zelenovskiy P.S. , Nuraeva A.S. , Kopyl S. , Zhulyabina O.A. , Tverdislov V.A.
Published: March 2019

The structure and properties of diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes based on phenylalanine were investigated by various
molecular modeling methods. The main approaches were semi-empirical quantum-chemical methods (PM3 and AM1), and
molecular mechanical ones. Both the model structures and the structures extracted from their experimental
crystallographic databases obtained by X-ray methods were examined. A comparison of optimized model structures and
structures obtained by naturally-occurring self-assembly showed their important differences depending on D- and L-chirality.
In both the cases, the effect of chirality on the results of self-assembly of diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes was established:
peptide nanotubes based on the D-diphenylalanine (D-FF) has high condensation energy E0
in transverse direction and forms
thicker and shorter peptide nanotubes bundles, than that based on L-diphenylalanine (L-FF). A topological difference was
established: model peptide nanotubes were optimized into structures consisting of rings, while naturally self-assembled
peptide nanotubes consisted of helical coils. The latter were different for the original L-FF and D-FF. They formed helix
structures in which the chirality sign changes as the level of the macromolecule hierarchy raises. Total energy of the optimal
distances between two units are deeper for L-FF (–1.014 eV) then for D-FF (–0.607 eV) for ring models, while for helix coil are
approximately the same and have for L-FF (–6.18 eV) and for D-FF (–6.22 eV) by PM3 method; for molecular mechanical methods
energy changes are of the order of 2–3 eV for both the cases. A topological transition between a ring and a helix coil of
peptide nanotube structures is discussed: self-assembled natural helix structures are more stable and favourable, they have
lower energy in optimal configuration as compared with ring models by a value of the order of 1 eV for molecular mechanical
methods and 5 eV for PM3 method.
Estudar, entender e falar português na Polônia – as possíveis linhas de investigação pelos pesquisadores poloneses
Authors: Bloch Agata
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e analisar as possíveis linhas de investigação tomadas pelos pesquisadores e acadêmicos poloneses em torno da língua portuguesa. Na primeira parte do artigo, discute-se os desafio linguísticos que têm que enfrentar os investigadores da Polônia enquanto analisam a história dos países lusófonos. Em seguida, menciona-se os principais cursos de língua e estudos portugueses na Polônia que visam o aprofundamento do contexto ibero-americano pelos poloneses. Na segunda parte, porém, apresenta-se a personagem do historiador polonês Marian Małowist, que, na época da ditadura soviética, iniciou as investigações comparativas acerca o passado colonial do império português. Małowist foi também um precursor da teoria do sistema mundial, sendo este conceito essencial para o desenvolvimento dos estudos pós-coloniais.
Discursos cruzados entre Brasil e Portugal: emigração, colonização e escravatura branca
Authors: Alves Jorge Fernandes
Published: March 2019

Neste artigo, partimos do reconhecimento de uma importante corrente migratória de Portugal para o Brasil e da possibilidade de diversas leituras sobre este facto social. Como exercício, procuramos evidenciar as dissonâncias na produção de discursos sobre essa emigração: abordamos as posições de alguns autores brasileiros que desejavam promover a colonização do Brasil com europeus; revisitamos autores portugueses que avaliavam a relevância da corrente migratória: um deles mais favorável às partidas, distinguindo os vários tipos de emigração, outro contrário a essa emigração e a defender a sua restrição. Sublinhamos a persistência da emigração, não obstante os discursos. Apresentamos um caso de estudo com base em documentação remanescente nos Arquivos.
Great Britain in European External and Security Policy: Review of Western Historiography
Authors: Hrubinko Andrii
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the achievements of Western historical science in research of the problem of Britain’s participation in the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author classified scientific publications into three groups: 1) general works on the history of formation the EU’s CFSP; 2) publications on the history of participation the United Kingdom in European integration as a direction of European foreign policy of the state; 3) works, which devoted specifically to the topic of British participation in European foreign and security policy. The results of monitoring the leading foreign scientific publications, the most frequently published materials on European integration and European policy of the United Kingdom are presented. A list of leading scientific centers for the research of the identified issues is also presented. The historical experience of British involvement in the formation and implementation of the EU’s CFSP in Western historiography is mainly covered in general context of the British government’s position on European integration. It was stated that the United Kingdom’s participation in the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union was included in the list topics of research of European (including British) and American scientists, but remains poorly developed. Major scientific developments by European continental and British researchers are presented. Instead, in American historiography, these issues, especially Britain’s role in the CFSP, haven’t been adequately researched. In British historiography, there is a marked opposition between the “Euro-skeptic” and “Euro-optimistic” (pro-European) paradigms. In the published works the analysis of theoretical and conceptual principles, strategic approaches of British governments to the foreign policy component of European integration prevails at different stages of its development. In all three historiographic groups preference is given to research the history of military-political cooperation within the EU, development of ESDP / CSDP. The issues of British participation in the EU CFSP in the period of D. Cameron’s government (2010-2016), practical foreign policy activities of the Community remain insufficiently researched. The topics of the role of British governments in shaping and developing the Eastern European policy of the EU and the Neighborhood policy remain though basically unexplored.
Evsel Organik Atıklardan Biyogaz Üretiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: Şenol Halil
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada biyogaz farklı organik evsel katı atıklardan (EKA) üretilmiştir.
Rastgele seçilen organik evsel katı atıkların önce elementel analiz cihazı ile
karbon (C) /azot (N) oranı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra kuru madde ve organik
ucuçu madde oranı tayini yapılmıştır. 
Evsel atıkların C içeriği N içeriğinden çok fazla olması nedeniyle
ortalama C/N oranı ortalama 45 olarak bulunmuştur.  Sonra bu atık karışımı C/N oranları anaerobik
fermantasyon için uygun aralık olan 20- 35 aralığına göre ayarlanacak şekilde sığır
gübresi (SG) ile karıştırılmıştır. Bu evsel atıklar: sığır gübresi kütlece
karışım oranları 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 0:1 şeklinde 5 faklı karışım oranları
oluşturulmuştur. Anaerobik fermantasyon 500 ml’lik 2 yan boyunlu kapaklı
şişelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bütün deneyler 3 tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür.
Biyogaz oluşumu 40 °C ‘de mezofilik şartlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir.
En yüksek biyogaz oluşum hızı 280 ml/g toplam katı madde  olarak EKA: SB 2:1 olan karışım
oranındaki reaktörde gerçekleşmiştir. Anaerobik fermantasyondaki KOİ
giderimleri her 7 günde bir ölçülmüştür ve toplam KOİ giderimi en fazla % 48,9
olarak kütlece 2:1 oranında karıştırılan reaktörde bulunmuştur. Çalışma
sonucunda evsel katı atıkların sığır gübresi ile anaerobik fermantasyonda iyi
bir karışım olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
BiTeI Kristalinde Spin-Yörünge Yarılmasının Gerinim ile Değişimi
Authors: GÜLER KILIÇ Sümeyra , KILIÇ Çetin
Published: March 2019

BiTeI kristalinin elektronik bant yapısında, güçlü spin-yörünge
etkileşmesi Rashba tipi spin ayrışmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, dar bant
aralıklı bir yarıiletken olan BiTeI potansiyel bir spintronik malzeme olarak ilgi
çekmektedir. Bu makalede, BiTeI’deki Rashba tipi spin yarılmaların gerinim ile
nasıl değiştiği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi
çerçevesinde kristal yapısı optimizasyonları ve bant yapısı hesaplamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bu hesaplamaların sonuçları, BiTeI’deki Rashba tipi spin yarılmasının gerinim
ile kontrol edilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu, BiTeI kristalinde gerinimin
spin-yörünge etkileşimini arttırdığı (kristal sıkıştırıldığında) ya da azalttığı
(kristal genleştiğinde) bulgusu ile açıklanmıştır.
Atıksuların Arıtılmasında Elektrokoagülasyon Uygulamaları
Authors: YILMAZ Zinnur , KARAGÖZOĞLU Mustafa Bünyamin
Published: March 2019

Elektrokoagülasyon
(EC), yüksek giderme etkinliği ile su ve atıksuların arıtımı açısından basit ve
etkili bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, bulanıklık,
amonyak, renk ve katı madde gibi çeşitli kirleticilerin giderilmesinde
potansiyele sahiptir. Elektrokoagülasyon yönteminin etkinliği elektrot türü,
bağlantı tipi, akım yoğunluğu, işletme süresi ve pH gibi çeşitli faktörlere
bağlıdır. Son yıllarda birçok araştırma özellikle çıkış atıksularındaki
çevresel kısıtlamaların artması nedeniyle elektrokoagülasyonun kullanımına
odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada EC yöntemi ile yapılan araştırmalar
incelenerek  EC proses performansını
etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir (atıksu karakteristikleri, pH, iletkenlik,
işletme değişkenleri, akım yoğunluğu ve arıtma süresi gibi). Çalışma, çeşitli
su ve atıksulardaki kirleticilerin EC prosesi kullanılarak giderimleri
açısından prosesi etkileyen faktörlerin tanımlanması, karşılaştırılması ve
tartışılmasını amaçlamaktadır.
Gaussian (𝒔, 𝒕)-Pell and Pell-Lucas Sequences and Their Matrix Representations
Authors: KARAASLAN Nusret , YAĞMUR Tülay
Published: March 2019

In this study, we define the Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas sequences. Then, by using
these sequences we define Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas matrix sequences. Thereafter,
we give generating functions, Binet’s formulas and some summation formulas of
these sequences. Finally, we obtain some 
relationships between Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas matrix sequences.
Some Exact Solutions of Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) Equation and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov Equation
Authors: İÇ Ünal
Published: March 2019

Nonlinear partial differential equations have an important place in applied mathematics and physics. Many analytical methods have been found in literature. Using these methods, partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. These nonlinear partial differential equations are solved with the help of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we implemented an improved tanh function Method for some exact solutions of Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) Equation and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov Equation.
Investigation of Oxidative Stress in Van Fish (Alburnus tarichi Guldenstadt, 1814) During Reproductive Migration
Authors: OĞUZ Ahmet Regaib , ÖZOK Necati , OMAR Aso , ALKAN Zehra , KIRAÇÇAKALI Ayşe Nur
Published: March 2019

Van Fish is an anadromous species of endemic to
Turkey's largest lake. The fish migrate to the freshwater pouring from the
alkaline Lake Van to the lake for the reproduction every year. Fish are exposed
to different stress factors such as fasting, salt and pH adaptation during
migration. In this study, total oxidant and antioxidant, lipid peroxidation and
DNA damages in tissues such as gill, liver, plasma, brain and muscle were
compared before and after reproductive migration. Total oxidant status (TOS) of
the fish caught in the lake before reproduction, liver and kidney tissues,
total antioxidant status (TAS), fish liver caught from freshwater, fish from
the lake were observed to be high in the brain and kidney tissues (P <0.05).
Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be higher in the liver and kidney of
the fish sampled from the freshwater and lake, respectively. (P <0.05). DNA
damage was found only in the liver of fish sampled from freshwater. As a result,
the reactions of the organs against stress effects encountered during
reproduction migration were determined.
Desidratação Osmótica de Guapeva
Authors: Godinho Pinto Ellen , De Lima Luiz Felipe , Dos Santos Fabio Junior , De Oliveira Fernando Luiz , Silva Batista Soares Dayana
Published: March 2019

Os frutos do cerrado em geral apresentam sabores próprios e elevados teores de nutrientes, no entanto, grande parte desses frutos são pouco conhecida e comercializada, estando a guapeva entre estes. Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização do fruto in natura da guapeva e avaliando a influência da temperatura, tempo e concentração da solução de sacarose na desidratação osmótica da guapeva, e se investigaram variações de propriedades físicas, químicas e dos parâmetros da desidratação osmótica. Foram utilizadas as temperatura de 25, 45 e 60 ºC e tempos de 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 e 360 minutos e a concentração 35 e 50 °Brix da solução osmótica e se fixando a razão mássica fruta: xarope 1:6 e formato dos pedaços (metades). Na análise física e química foram realizadas: peso, comprimento, umidade, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e vitamina C.  Conclui-se que na desidratação osmótica em temperatura de 25 ºC e concentração da solução de 50ºBrix apresentaram menor degradação da vitamina C, portanto na temperatura de 45 ºC e 50ºBrix no tempo de 360 minutos teve uma maior incorporação sólidos solúveis totais e na temperatura de 60ºC teve uma redução linear da umidade com o tempo. Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Incorporação de Sólidos. Vitamina C. Pouteria cf. guardneriana Radlk. AbstractThe fruits of the cerrado usually have their own flavors and high levels of nutrients; however, most of these fruits are still little known and marketed, and guapeva among them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature, time and concentration of the sucrose solution on guapeva osmotic dehydration, and to investigate variations in physical, chemical and dehydration parameters osmotic. The temperatures of 25, 45 and 60 ºC and 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes and the 35 and 50 ° Brix concentration of the osmotic solution were used and the fruit mass ratio was fixed: 1: 6 syrup and format of the pieces (halves). In the physical and chemical analysis were carried out: weight, length, humidity, total soluble solids content and vitamin C. It was concluded that in osmotic dehydration at 25 ºC and concentration of 50ºBrix solution showed lower degradation of vitamin C, of 45 ºC and 50ºBrix in the time of 360 minutes had a greater incorporation total soluble solids and in the temperature of 60 ºC had a linear reduction of the humidity with the time. Keywords: Cerrado. Incorporation of Solids. Vitamin C. Pouteria cf. guardneriana Radlk.
Influência do CO2 no Crescimento de Haematococcus Pluvialis e na Produção de Carotenoides
Authors: Reis Daiane Felix , Machado Junior Francisco Roberto da Silva , Ores Joana Da Costa , Lemes Ailton Cesar , Burkert Carlos Andre Veiga , Burkert Janaina Fernandes de Medeiros
Published: March 2019

O crescimento celular da microalga de água doce Haematococcus pluvialis e a bioprodução de carotenoides são influenciados pelas diferentes condições de cultivo, como deficiência de nutrientes, iluminância, aeração, agitação, temperatura e pH, alterando sua morfologia celular e produzindo cistos avermelhados (carotenogênese). A aeração nos cultivos de microalgas está relacionada a alguns fatores que influenciam no crescimento celular. As microalgas absorvem e utilizam CO2 como a principal fonte de carbono no crescimento celular. Logo, a biossíntese de pigmentos pode ocorrer pela limitação do nitrogênio em presença de excesso de fontes de carbono. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a influência do emprego de CO2 na aeração do cultivo da microalga Haematococcus pluvialis sob o crescimento celular e a bioprodução de carotenoides. No cultivo foi utilizado o meio mixotrófico BBM (Bold Basal Medium) e acetato de sódio, empregando 20% de inóculo em pH inicial de 7,0, aeração de 0,30 L.min-1, com 30% de injeção de CO2 uma vez ao dia durante 1 h, sob iluminância de 6 klux, à 25 ºC durante 22 dias. Nestas condições o crescimento celular alcançou o máximo de 1,13±0,39 g.L-1 (10 dias) e os carotenoides totais 2949,91±988,65 µg.g-1, onde foi observado que a suplementação de CO2 como fonte de carbono dissolvida no meio de cultivo pode influenciar o crescimento celular e os carotenoides totais. Palavras-chave: Microalga. Pigmento. Aeração. Cultivo. AbstractThe cellular growth of the freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and the bioproduction of carotenoids are influenced by the different culture conditions, such as nutrient deficiency, illuminance, aeration, agitation, temperature and pH, altering its cellular morphology and producing reddish cysts (carotenogenesis). Aeration in microalgae cultures is related to some factors that influence cell growth. Microalgae absorb and utilize CO2 as the main source of carbon in cell growth. Therefore, the biosynthesis of pigments can occur by the limitation of nitrogen in the presence of excess carbon sources. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the use of CO2 on the aeration of the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis under cell growth and bioproduction of carotenoids. In the culture, mixotrophic medium BBM (Bold Basal Medium) and sodium acetate were used, using 20% of inoculum at initial pH of 7.0, aeration of 0.30 L.min-1, with 30% of CO2 injection once a day for 1 h under 6 Klux illuminance at 25 ° C for 22 days. Under these conditions the cell growth reached a maximum of 1.13 ± 0.39 g. L-1 (10 days) and the total carotenoids 2949.91 ± 988.65 μg.g-1, where it was observed that CO2 supplementation as a source of carbon dissolved in the culture medium may influence cell growth and total carotenoids. Keywords: microalgae; pigment; aeration; cultivation.
Verificação de Boas Práticas de Fabricação e Utilização de Análise Sensorial em Indústria Processadora de Biscoitos
Authors: Lemes Ailton Cesar , Egea Mariana Buranelo , Takeuchi Katiuchia Pereira , Danesi Eliane Dalva Godoy
Published: March 2019

O crescente aumento da oferta de produtos alimentícios tem levado a um nível de exigência cada vez maior. Assim, é cada vez mais urgente e necessário a implantação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) nas indústrias alimentícias, procedimentos que tem como finalidade garantir a qualidade dos alimentos e, principalmente, a segurança alimentar dos produtos. Além disso, a utilização de ferramentas de análise sensorial é essencial para o desenvolvimento e reformulação de produtos, identificação das preferências dos consumidores e melhoria constante da qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a verificação de conformidade das BPF e realizar análise sensorial de um biscoito tipo Wafer sabor Limão desenvolvido por uma indústria processadora de biscoitos do Noroeste do estado do Paraná. O diagnóstico da indústria foi realizado através da aplicação de uma lista de verificação (RDC) 275/2002 – ANVISA contendo aspectos relacionados às BPF. A análise sensorial foi realizada através de escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos e intenção de compra dos biscoitos tipo Wafer. Foi verificado que a empresa se enquadra no grupo 3, atendendo de 0-50% aos itens exigidos na lista de verificações das BPF. Em relação a análise sensorial, foi observado que não há grandes diferentes do produto avaliado em relação a marcas concorrente. Os resultados destacaram a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento e melhoramento das Boas Práticas de Fabricação durante todo o processo de elaboração dos produtos. Palavras-chave: Segurança Alimentar. Qualidade. Sensorial. AbstractThe increase in the supply of food products has led to an ever increasing level of demand. Thus, it is increasingly urgent implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) procedures that aims to ensure food quality and especially the safety of food products. In addition, the use of sensory analysis is essential for the development and reformulation of products, identification of consumer preferences and constant quality improvement. The aim of this work was to verify the conformity of the GMP and to perform sensorial analysis of a wafer type biscuit developed by a biscuit processing industry in the Northwest of the state of Paraná. The industry diagnosis was performed through the application of a checklist (RDC) 275/2002 - ANVISA containing aspects related to GMP. The sensorial analysis was carried out through a structured hedonic scale of 9 points and the purchase intention. It was verified that the company falls in group 3, attending 0-50% to the items required in the list of GMP checks. In relation to the sensory analysis, it was observed that there were no large differences of the evaluated products in relation to the competitors. The results highlight the need to improve and improve Good Manufacturing Practices throughout the entire product development process. Keywords: Food Safety. Quality. Sensory.
Descripción del mercado de los snacks saludables en Villavicencio, Meta
Authors: Chacón Orduz Gabriel , Muñoz Rincón Alejandra , Quiñónez Mosquera Guillermo Alejandro
Published: March 2019

El mercado de los snacks saludables cada día presenta un crecimiento importante a nivel mundial. En América Latina, según los estudios realizados por EuroMonitor Internacional, se ubican los mayores consumidores de este tipo de alimentos, quienes han encontrado en los snacks una alternativa para alimentarse que no requiere de mucho tiempo y dinero; ahora con las nuevas tendencias de alimentación sana y cuidado de la salud, los snacks saludables llegan para satisfacer esa necesidad de conseguir alimentos nutritivos y sanos que se puedan consumir en forma práctica. Por esta razón, las industrias se están adaptando de manera oportuna ante esta preferencia de consumo. Colombia tiene la mayor demanda de este tipo de productos en Latinoamérica; y en busca de una oportunidad en el mercado de los snacks saludables a nivel local se ha realizado una investigación sobre preferencias de consumo de snacks saludables en Villavicencio. Esto permite hacer una descripción de la situación de este mercado e identificar posibles oportunidades, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos para la creación de proyectos o planes de negocio enfocados al desarrollo y lanzamiento de snacks saludables para su comercialización en la ciudad de Villavicencio.
Waste of Optical Fiber — Raw Material Base of Secondary Germany
Authors: Tanutrov I.N. , Sviridova M.N.
Published: March 2019

Utilization of optical fiber involves two problems: the use of a protective shell (mainly various types of plastics) and the actual optical fibersquartz filaments with an admixture of germanium dioxide coated with a protective layer of polyethylene. The aim of the work was to study the physical and chemical properties of samples of optical fiber wastes. The behavior of the components of this material has been studied by thermography: a quartz germanium-containing glass and a polyethylene sheath during heat treatment. It has been established that in the temperature range from 20 to 700 °С in the atmosphere of the air quartz fiber does not undergo changes, and the polyethylene shell of the optical fiber passes through the stages of sorption of water vapor and air oxygen at 125 and 200 °С during melting, and above 300 °С – destruction with a mass loss of up to 55 % and the release into the gas of products of oxidative degradation.
Utilization of Oxo-unstable Waste in the Production of Polymer Compositions
Authors: Studenikina L.N. , Popova L.V. , Korchagin V.I.
Published: March 2019

Investigated spent microcellulose (MC) of the stage of winterization of the production of refined vegetable oils (spent adsorbent). The stability of the MC composition was evaluated under various storage conditions (with and without access to oxygen, at temperatures of 20 and 4°C). A technological scheme for the disposal of MC as a plasticizer additive for polymer compositions is proposed. It was found that the melt viscosity index of the composition “polyethylene: microcellulose” (70:30% by weight) decreases by 14% with the introduction of an MC-based plasticizer and stretch polyethylene (50: 50% by weight) in an amount of 20% by weight.
بررسی رابطه استرس های تحصیلی دوران دانشجویی در برقراری ارتباط با بیمار
Authors: طالبی سعید , رستگار احمد , صیف محمدحسن
Published: March 2019

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر در پی بررسی رابطه استرس­های تحصیلی دوران دانشجویی بر شکل­گیری ارتباط صحیح با بیمار می­باشد
روش بررسی: تحقيق حاضر از نظر روش، توصیفی است جامعه آماري پژوهش شامل تمامي دانشجويان علوم پزشکی شیراز می­باشند. در این پژوهش، از پرسشنامه­های عوامل استرس­زای آموزشی و درسی دوران دانشجویی و مهارت­های ارتباطی، استفاده شد پس از بررسی روایی محتوایی، الفای کرونباخ پرسشنامه ها (۸۷/۰) و (۷۹/۰) محاسبه و سپس داده­های حاصل از پرسشنامه­ها به روش آماری رگرسیون تجزيه و تحليل شد.
نتایج: مقدار ضريب استاندارد مربوط به متغیرهای استرس محیط اموزشی (363/0- = ß)، استرس فارغ­التحصیلی (205/0- = ß) و استرس شرایط تحصیلی (126/0- = ß) با برقراری ارتباط با بیمار معنی­دار است بنابراین بیشترین مقادیر بتای متغیرهای پیش بین به ترتیب مربوط به استرس محیط آموزشی و پس از آن استرس فارغ­التحصیلی و در نهایت شرایط تحصیلی می­باشد همچنین اکثر دانشجویان موافق تدریس درس روانشناسی در رشته­های تحصیلی پزشکی هستند.
نتیجه‌گیری: دانشجویان پزشکی هنگام برخورد با عوامل استرس­زای دوران دانشجویی، چنان تحت تاثیر افکارشان قرار می­گیرد که نسبت به ارتباط با بیماران و وضعیت بالینی آنان، حساسیت کمتری نشان می­دهد یا گاها در تشخیص بیماری دچار اشتباه می­شوند لذا پيشنهاد مي­شود برنامه ریزان، به بازنگری برنامه رسمي آموزش پزشكي ايران که مهارت­های روانشناسی در آن گنجانده نشده است، بپردازند همچنین پيشنهاد مي­گردد مطالعات بيشتري در زمينه مهارت­های روانشناسی نظیر مهارت­های ارتباطی،کنترل استرس و غیره انجام پذيرد.
RETRATOS DA INCLUSÃO: O ATENDIMENTO AO SURDO EM DISTINTOS ESPAÇOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Pereira Chaves Taline , Sonali Pereira Tonin Gisleine , Graff Patrícia
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo tem como tema de pesquisa a acessibilidade direcionada aos surdos, com objetivo de compreender como os distintos espaços sociais se organizam para atender as pessoas surdas. Trata de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio análise de estudos acadêmicos, disponíveis no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e no IBICT, que abordam a acessibilidade às pessoas surdas, em diferentes espaços da sociedade. Os dados coletados a partir da leitura de cada uma das pesquisas selecionadas foram categorizados, interpretados e analisados. Os estudos apontam para as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas pessoas surdas nos diferentes setores da sociedade, como educação, saúde, lazer e trabalho. Evidenciam a ausência de tradutores e intérpretes de Libras/Língua Portuguesa e de profissionais capacitados em Libras nos espaços sociais, utilizando outras formas de comunicação pouco eficazes para assegurar a inclusão social.
Instructional goal structure, gender and second language motivation affecting English language achievement
Authors: Wariyo Lemecha Geleto
Published: March 2019

This study opted to 1) investigate a difference between cooperative and competitive learning modes in affecting English language achievement; 2) find gender, intra-gender and inter-gender differences in English language achievement within and across the three learning conditions and 3) study relationship between studentsâ€™ motivation to learn English language and English language achievement. An English language test was administered to 120 Arsi Negelle Shala Secondary School grade 9 students. The 12 items Mini-Attitude/Motivation test battery (Mini-AMTB) was administered to the students. Different parametric tests were used in the pre-test and post-test data analysis. Post-test analysis result revealed that cooperative learners significantly outperformed both competitive learners and control group, but the control group significantly outperformed competitive learners. Both groups of male and female students favoured cooperative learning mode; however, males favoured more. The aggregate measures of Mini-AMTB produced significant positive correlations with English language achievement, but language anxiety produced significant negative correlation. Keywords: Cooperative learning, competitive learning, instructional goal structure, second language motivation.
Iranian EFL students’ perceptions of criteria for assessing students’ written performance
Authors: Tajgozari Mostafa , Alimorad Zahra
Published: March 2019

In the history of language teaching and learning, writing in general and the assessment of writing in particular have always been the topic of controversy. Listening to the voice of students with regard to the process of writing and its assessment is of crucial importance. Doing so, the present study intended to explore Iranian EFL students’ perceptions of criteria for assessing students’ written performance. To this aim, a convenient sample of students (N = 30) from different classes and institutes in Darab, Iran, was recruited to participate in the study. All of the participants were interviewed to determine their perceptions of criteria for writing assessment. Results indicated that based on students’ perceptions, grammar and spelling are the important factors in the assessment of a piece of writing, respectively. They also mentioned that the ability to write can be assessed through composition writing and their teachers should utilise their own perceptions rather than utilising a standard rubric.
Keywords: Assessing writing, criteria, perceptions, students
The impact of CLIL implementation on Lebanese students’ attitudes and performance
Authors: ELDaou Badrie , Abdallah Abir
Published: March 2019

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been verified as an effective pedagogical approach by a lot of research studies carried out in many European countries. However, modest attempts have been made to prove its efficacy in Lebanon, where English Language is taught in many schools and universities as a first foreign language. The participants (n = 21) were first year university students enrolled in the Faculty of Pedagogy at the Lebanese University and majoring in teaching Math at elementary schools. Quantitative as well as qualitative data were collected by means of two questionnaires, pre-post tests and reflection logs. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a series of t-tests were conducted in order to address the questions raised in the study. The results of the study showed positive attitudes of students towards the implementation of CLIL and they revealed the efficacy of CLIL as a pedagogical approach in enhancing students’ self-efficacy and academic performance.
Keywords: CLIL implementation, self-efficacy, attitude, academic achievement
EDITORIAL
Authors: Garcia Jesus Laborda
Published: March 2019

Dear Readers,

It is a great honor for us to publish 9th volume, 1th  issue of Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT).

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT) welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related to linguistics. The journal is an international journal published quarterly and it is a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments in foreign language teaching in an international arena.

A total number of twenty (20) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of six (6) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,
Concentraciones de metales pesados en sangre de gallo (Gallus gallus domesticus), en Cumaná, Venezuela
Authors: García Rondón Anolaima Pilar , Muñoz Gil Jorge Rafael , Marín Espinoza Gedio
Published: March 2019

Las concentraciones de metales pesados en aves están influenciadas por factores como dieta, migración y tiempo de residencia. En el presente estudio se midieron las concentraciones (en μg∙g-1 de peso seco) de los metales pesados cadmio (Cd), níquel (Ni), cobre (Cu), plomo (Pb), cromo (Cr) y zinc (Zn) en sangre de gallo (Gallus gallus domesticus). Para ello se le extrajeron 2 ml de sangre a ocho adultos y siete juveniles, y luego se procesaron con técnicas rutinarias de digestión, vertiendo 0,5 g de sangre en tubos de digestión con 5 ml de una mezcla ácida (180 ml de ácido nítrico y 100 ml de ácido clorhídrico), para lo cual se usó un bloque de calentamiento. Se analizaron en un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica con flujo de aire-acetileno y corrector de fondo de deuterio. Las concentraciones promedio de metales pesados determinados en la sangre de los gallos adultos y juveniles no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, pero se pudo evidenciar que el patrón de las concentraciones se distribuyó de distinta manera en cada grupo. En orden descendente: Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd, en adultos; mientras que para los juveniles fue: Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd. Las concentraciones promedio para cada uno de los metales pesados analizados obtenidos en sangre de gallo fueron similares o estuvieron por debajo de los límites permisibles a los señalados en estudios realizados en otros países. En general, las concentraciones de los metales pesados obtenidos en los gallos no se consideran alarmantes.
Efecto del aceite esencial de orégano (Lippia origanoides) sobre metabolitos sanguíneos en pollos de engorde
Authors: Madrid Garcés Tomás Antonio , López Herrera Albeiro , Parra Suescún Jaime Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: evaluar parámetros sanguíneos en pollos de engorde de la línea genética Cobb500, luego de la administración de aceite esencial de orégano (Lippia origanoides) (AEO). Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron 200 pollos de línea genética Cobb 500 y se realizaron mediciones los días 14, 28 y 42. Los animales fueron aleatorizados a una de dos dietas: dieta comercial con antibiótico y sin este. A esta última se adicionaron diferentes concentraciones de AEO (75 ppm, 100 ppm o 200 ppm AEO). Se realizó un diseño estadístico de bloques al azar en un arreglo de parcelas dividas. Resultados: los pollos del grupo D5 (200 ppm) presentaron mayores valores en glucosa, fosfatasa y fósforo que los pollos alimentados con antibiótico (D2) a lo largo del experimento. Conclusión: la adición de 200 ppm de AEO en el alimento de pollos de engorde de la línea genética Cobb 500 induce una mejora en metabolitos sanguíneos. Este trabajo permitió evaluar las variables metabólicas de pollos que consumieron AEO.
Encuesta sobre el uso de la metadoxina en hepatopatías de pequeños animales en Colombia
Authors: Bermúdez Duarte Paula María , Rivera Rojas José Alfredo
Published: March 2019

La metadoxina es un fármaco con potencial efecto antioxidante y antifibrótico suministrado en medicina humana esencialmente en el tratamiento para esteatohepatitis aguda o crónica por etanol. Numerosos ensayos clínicos e investigaciones experimentales soportan su indicación; no obstante, en medicina veterinaria no hay estudios de campo con tal propósito, pese a que reportes aislados de su indicación en hepatopatías secundarias existen en bases de datos latinoamericanas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue reportar la prescripción de metadoxina en hepatopatías de caninos y felinos en la práctica rutinaria en Colombia. Aplicando herramientas de la web en línea, se realizó una encuesta orientada a establecer algunas pautas de tratamiento con metadoxina en dicho campo. Los resultados demostraron que el 55 % de los veterinarios participantes instauraron al menos una vez la metadoxina en caninos y felinos. El 74,6 % de estos reportó una evolución favorable. Como terapia conjunta, modificaciones en la dieta, silimarina y ácido ursodeoxicólico fueron prescritos en el 80, 45,5 y 38,2 % de los casos, respectivamente. Se detectó una amplia variación respecto a la dosis, la vía, la frecuencia y la duración del protocolo terapéutico. En cuanto a la prescripción oral, la dosis fue 17,3 ± 11,4 mg/dl cada 12 h. Los resultados obtenidos confirman el uso de la metadoxina como tratamiento de hepatopatías en caninos y felinos en Colombia. De aquí se resalta la necesidad de efectuar ensayos clínicos que pongan a prueba el efecto de la metadoxina sobre la evolución clínica y paraclínica y el pronóstico de determinadas hepatopatías en caninos y felinos.
Concentraciones basales de plomo en sangre de catártidos en cautiverio
Authors: Mateus-Anzola Jessica Paola , Arias-Bernal Leonardo , Vargas-Melo Billy Armando
Published: March 2019

Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals for living beings, which is a problem on a global scale. This metal is found naturally in the environment. It can remain for long periods in animal tissues, and produce physiological and behavioral alterations, even death. One of the most affected taxonomic groups are birds, especially those species that are at the top of the food chain, due to their susceptibility to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals. However, in South America, there is little information on lead exposure in birds from the New World vulture (Cathartidae) family. This research aimed to determine basal concentration levels of lead in birds from the Cathartidae family kept in captivity conditions in Colombia. To the effect, blood samples of nine king vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) and seven Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) were analyzed from three zoos using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results suggest that 15 out of 16 specimens contain blood lead concentrations. Zoo B had the highest average (2.65 ± 1.00 μg/dL), followed by Zoo C (1.87 ± 0.63 μg/dL), and zoo A (0.8 ± 0.89 μg/dL). The average for S. papa was 2.11 ± 0.42 μg/dL, while for V. gryphus it was 1.89 ± 1.52 μg/dL. It is concluded that although there is a significant difference (p = 0.01) among the sampled zoos, and lead concentrations were detected in 93.75% of the population, these are low compared to levels reported by other studies
Prevalence of Crib-Biting and Weaving in Stabled Horses Tie Stalls
Authors: Muñoz Alonzo Lisandro , Torres González Victor , Briones Luengo Mario
Published: March 2019

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of crib-biting and weaving in horses stabled in tie stalls and to investigate the relationship between gender, age, and stereotypies. One hundred and seventy-seven half-bred saddle horse residents of a riding school, of both genders and between the ages of 3 and 20, distributed in three buildings with the same management conditions, were observed. For the statistical analysis according to gender, the horses were classified into 2 groups: geldings (n = 110) and mares (n = 67). According to age, the horses were classified into 2 groups: namely, 3 to 7 years old (n = 31) and 8 to 20 years old (n = 146). During three consecutive days, a single evaluator spent one day per building observing the presence or absence of crib-biting and weaving. Each given day was divided into 2 periods of observation: from 7:30 to 13:00 and from 14:30 to 20:00. Stereotypies were observed in 4.5 % of the horses, i.e., 3.4 % of the horses showed crib-biting and 1.1 % showed weaving. We did not find horses showing crib-biting and weaving at the same time. No association was found between the prevalence of stereotypies and either gender or age of the horses. Our results suggest that visual and tactile contact with other horses, which occurs in tie-stall housing, could reduce the risk of developing weaving in tie-stall horses but not crib-biting