bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Self-interaction of Dark Matter from Gravitational Scattering
Authors: Loeb Abraham
Published: April 2022

I show that gravitational scattering of dark matter objects of mass ∼104
M
⊙ and speeds of ∼10 km s−1, provides the cross section per unit mass required in self-interacting dark matter models that alleviate the small-scale structure challenges to the collisionless cold dark matter model. For primordial objects of mass 104
M
4
M
⊙, moving at the velocity dispersion characteristic of dwarf galaxies, 10v
1 km s−1, the cross section per unit mass for gravitational scattering is

∼
10

(

M

4

/

v

1

4

)

cm

2

g

−
1

. The steep decline in interaction with increasing velocity explains why self-interaction is not evident in data on massive galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
Assessment of PAHs accumulation in Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia, Donacidae) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Georgieva Stanislava K. , Stancheva Mona D. , Peteva Zlatina V. , Ivanova Tsveteslava I. , Alexandrova Albena V.
Published: April 2022

Anthropogenic pollution of marine ecosystems is one of the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Marine bivalves are often used as bioindicators of environmental pollution due to their wide distribution and capability of xenobiotic bioaccumulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of PAHs in soft tissues of wedge clams Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758), collected from sublittoral sandy habitats at different locations off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Wedge clams from the different locations showed variations in the content of accumulated PAHs’ compounds. The concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The total PAHs content (sum of 13 PAHs’ compounds) measured was in the range from 5.59 to 50.50 ng/g wet weight and was comparable with other European studies. The compounds phenanthrene and fluorene were most abundant in all analyzed samples. The results showed that low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (2 and 3 aromatic rings) were predominant, accounting for 91% of the total PAHs levels, while high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (4–5- and 6- rings) presence was 8.9% on average. The ratio LMW/HMWPAHs was higher than one, suggesting predominant pollution of petrogenic origin. The concentrations of benzo (a)pyrene did not exceed the limit set in EC Regulation although it was detected in 20% of the analyzed samples. In conclusion, maximum overall PAHs content was found in clams from Arkutino, while minimum PAHs content was present in samples from Elenite. The Sum PAH4 (sum of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: benzo[a]pyrene, chrisene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) in the wedge clams for all localities studied was below legislation limits. Data from the present research can be used for assessing pollution levels in the marine environment and also risk of human exposure to PAHs using D. trunculus as bioindicator species.
Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L
Authors: Doycheva Iva
Published: April 2022

Drought, salinization and heavy metal pollution of soils are main stress factors with an increasing impact on the deterioration of soil quality, yield and crop quality. Seed priming shows good results in improving seed germination, seedling growth and plant development. Proline (Pro) and metyl jasmonate (MeJA) show stimulating activity and help plants overcome stress. The study investigated the effect of Pro, MeJA and hydropriming on seeds sown on water agar supplemented with different concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) (HM), NaCl or Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). Chelidonium majus is a medicinal species which is grown as a crop in some parts of Europe. It is an ingredient in some remedies and is becoming an increasingly popular object of research regarding its biological activities. The low concentrations of all heavy metals applied increased the germination of all variants of seeds – control, hydroprimed and those which were Pro and MeJA primed. Seed priming with Pro and MeJA promoted high germination percentage of seeds germinated on water agar with NaCl. PEG 6000 at its higher concentration (5%) slightly increased the seed germination of all variants. The growth of roots and hypocotyls was inhibited by HM and NaCl. However, PEG 6000 slightly influenced their growth.
Pre-monitoring geochemical research of the river sediments in the area of Ada Tepe gold mining site (Eastern Rhodopes)
Authors: Zhelev Dimitar , Penin Rumen
Published: April 2022

The article depicts the geochemical properties of the landscapes in the Ada Tepe gold mine area before its launching. The research is conducted by examining the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni) content in samples of river sediments in the local landscapes. The research aims to analyse the concentration of heavy metals before the launch of gold mining. The study implements the coefficient of Clarke concentration. The deviation from the background concentrations is a ratio between the element concentration in the collected environmental samples and the Clarke value of the element. The coefficient has a scale from 0 to a particular positive value, corresponding to the level of enrichment of the sample in comparison to the background Clarke value. The values corresponding to the Clarke concentration are equal to 1, the lower values are between 0 and 1 (dispersion) and any value higher than 1 is a case of concentration (enrichment). The obtained results display the researched territory as a natural background area. The content of heavy metals in the river sediments of the researched area (mg/kg, median value) by chemical elements is Cu (15), Zn (72), Pb (17), Mn (461), Ni (35), Co (8) and Cr (60). That is the reason it could be defined as not impacted by human activities and it is not influenced by natural geochemical anomalies. Heavy metals do not pollute the researched landscapes before mining. This outcome is obtained by the geochemical content of the investigated heavy metals in the river sediments.
Psychologie sociale, communication et langage
Authors: Piperini Marie-Christine
Published: April 2022

Résumé introductif Les représentations exprimées par les individus dans un groupe ne peuvent pas être considérées seulement comme des perceptions de la réalité, elles participent aussi à la construction des rapports sociaux. Notre étude clinique porte sur sept focus groups composés de formateurs ayant pour tâche d’échanger et d’analyser leurs pratiques. Une analyse catégorielle des représentations sociales exprimées par les participants croisées avec l’identification des différents moments dans l’évolution socio-affective des groupes, a permis de dégager les rapports entre les opinions exprimées et parfois modifiées dans un contexte de discussion avec d’autres personnes et la progression des phases de maturation ou de régression socio-affective
Psychologie sociale, communication et langage
Authors: Rey Jean-Pierre , Jebrane Moulay-Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Résumé introductif Il s’agissait dans le cas de cette étude d’explorer par une technique d’associations verbales comment des entraîneurs et des jeunes joueurs percevaient l’idée de cohésion, avec l’hypothèse largement vérifiée par ailleurs que les mots que les sujets associent à certains phénomènes, comme la cohésion dans l’équipe entre autres, pourraient être considérés comme porteurs des traces (d’indicateurs) de l’univers représentationnel des sujets et des opérations cognitives sous-jacentes. L’étude a consisté en un recueil de données qui visait à mettre au jour les différents lexèmes (mots) utilisés par des entraîneurs et des jeunes joueurs pour exprimer l’idée de « cohésion dans l’équipe ». L’échantillon (N = 480) était composé de 240 entraîneurs et de 240 joueurs de 14/17 ans. À l’aide de classifications ascendantes hiérarchiques (méthode de Ward) nos résultats sont présentés sous forme de dendogrammes et laissent apparaître que les entraîneurs perçoivent la cohésion au travers de comportements nettement interactifs (parler, communiquer et échanger). Quant aux jeunes joueurs ils expriment la cohésion surtout à travers des sentiments tels qu’être indulgents, disciplinés, compréhensifs, respectueux, solidaires et soudés .
Psychologie sociale, communication et langage
Authors: Chabrol Claude
Published: April 2022

Résumé introductif Si tous les processus psychologiques sont latents et contextualisés, ils sont donc inférés à partir de leurs manifestations comportementales et langagières. Il en découle que l’étude des interactions communicatives interlocutives (conversations) ou monolocutives (réception de discours sans rétro-action immédiate), nécessite des modèles interdisciplinaires qui devraient être indispensables pour toute la psychologie sociale et en particulier dans le champ de l’influence persuasive. Ainsi leurs fondements seront situés dans une pragmatique du discours, leurs concepts psycho-socio-sémiotiques et discursifs et leurs méthodologies recourreront à l’expérimentation, comme à l’enquête et à l’observation .
Psychologie sociale, communication et langage
Authors: Mange Jessica , Lepastourel Nadia
Published: April 2022

Résumé introductif Ce chapitre explore le lien entre le langage et l’identité sociale (Tajfel, 1978, 1981 ; Tajfel et Turner, 1979) à travers le concept de marqueurs socio-langagiers (Scherer et Giles, 1979). Les deux études présentées portent sur l’effet des marqueurs socio-lexicaux sur les attitudes des participants, selon qu’elles soient structurées préalablement ou non. Les résultats mettent en évidence 1/ l’emploi de lexiques différents selon le groupe d’appartenance du locuteur ; 2/ un effet des marqueurs socio-lexicaux dans la construction d’opinion ; 3/ un effet des marqueurs socio-lexicaux, proche d’une menace de l’identité sociale, dans le cas d’attitude structurée par une appartenance groupale. Les implications théoriques et appliquées de ces résultats sont discutées .
Une cartographie des recrutements du personnel de la banque centrale européenne en temps de crise (2005-2011)
Authors: Dufour Julien
Published: April 2022

La crise financière de 2007-2009 survient dans un contexte de ralentissement des recrutements du personnel de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) en comparaison des périodes précédentes marquées par son déploiement institutionnel. De par son ampleur mondiale et son intensité, elle suscite un accroissement considérable de la charge de travail de son personnel et conduit l’institution à accroître sensiblement le rythme de ses recrutements. L’analyse des profils recrutés donne à voir un espace social spécifique, préfigurant notamment l’un des changements institutionnels majeurs qu’est l’ajout de la surveillance bancaire en 2014.
Pediatric Eyelid and Canalicular Lacerations: Epidemiology and Outcomes
Authors: Huang Jonathan , Rossen Jennifer , Rahmani Bahram , Mets-Halgrimson Rebecca
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

To characterize the epidemiology of eyelid lacerations, identify risk factors for canalicular involvement, and describe postoperative complications following laceration repair.

Methods:

All patients undergoing eyelid laceration repair at a tertiary care, level I trauma center children's hospital from November 2010 to April 2021 were identified by a Current Procedural Terminology code search. Patient characteristics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were collected via chart review. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for canalicular involvement and postoperative complication.

Results:

A total of 165 patients were identified, of whom 136 had at least 1 week of follow-up and were further assessed for postoperative complications. The most common mechanisms of injury were dog bites (62, 38%), falls (33, 20%), and being struck by an object (22, 13%). Eyelid margin involvement was present in 108 patients (65%) and canalicular involvement in 77 patients (47%). Risk factors for canalicular involvement were hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury. Thirty-three patients (24%) had postoperative complications, most commonly ptosis (7, 5%), premature stent loss (7, 5%), and eyelid margin notching (6, 4%). There was no association between postoperative complication and antibiotic use, delayed repair, or wound class.

Conclusions:

Hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury are risk factors for canalicular involvement. Postoperative complications of eyelid lacerations are generally minor and are not associated with perioperative factors. Close postoperative follow-up is needed to monitor for complication development.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(1):33–38.]
Effects of drying techniques on bioactivity of ginger (Zingiber officinale): A meta-analysis investigation
Authors: Kurniasari Hesti , David Wahyudi , Cempaka Laras , Ardiansyah
Published: April 2022

Ginger is a spice with various uses for humans, such as flavoring agents and nutraceuticals. Drying is commonly used in the processing and preserving of ginger and affects the characteristics of the final ginger product. This study aimed to review the studies that have evaluated the effects of drying techniques on the bioactivity of ginger. A meta-analysis investigation was conducted to identify a study that evaluated the effects of drying techniques on the levels of bioactivity in ginger. The database search found 113 results. There are 13 articles from 2010 to 2020 that met the inclusion criteria. The drying techniques have different effects on the optimum levels of ginger characteristics. After drying treatment there were significant different on total flavonoid and antioxidant activity and there were not significant on total phenolic content and 6-gingerol content of ginger. In conclusion, drying has different effects on ginger in terms of bioactivity. Therefore, choosing the best method must be made based on the purpose of the process and the final product criteria.
Upper semi-continuity of non-autonomous fractional stochastic $ p $-Laplacian equation driven by additive noise on $ \mathbb{R}^n $
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Xuping
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the solutions to a class of non-autonomous fractional stochastic \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}-Laplacian equation driven by linear additive noise on the entire space \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^n $\end{document}. We firstly prove the existence of a continuous non-autonomous cocycle for the equation as well as the uniform estimates of solutions. We then show pullback asymptotical compactness of solutions as well as the existence and uniqueness of tempered random attractors and the uniform tail-estimates of the solutions for large space variables when time is large enough to surmount the lack of compact Sobolev embeddings on unbounded domains. Finally, we establish the upper semi-continuity of the random attractors when noise intensity approaches zero.
Sandhill Crane Colt Survival in Minnesota
Authors: Severud William J. , Wolfson David , Fieberg John , Andersen David E.
Published: April 2022

Age-structured population models require reliable estimates of cohort-specific survival rates, yet vital rates of younger age classes are often difficult to estimate because of the logistical challenges of monitoring young animals. As part of a study of sandhill cranes Antigone canadensis in the zone of contact between breeding distributions of the Eastern Population and Midcontinent Population in Minnesota, we monitored first summer survival of 34 sandhill cranes (hereafter colts) by using very-high-frequency and global positioning system–global system for mobile communications transmitters. We estimated daily survival probabilities from 19 to 120 d posthatch by using a generalized linear model accounting for interval censoring, resulting in an estimated period survival rate of 0.52 (90% CI, 0.36–0.71) over summer (100 d). Estimated daily probabilities of survival increased as colts became older and fledged (at 70–75 d posthatch), when they presumably became less vulnerable to predation. Causes of mortality were mostly unknown aside from one case of a collision with a vehicle. There is a scarcity of published colt survival rate estimates for sandhill cranes, and what is available varies widely by study site. Region-specific sandhill crane colt survival rate estimates can inform future management efforts and inform population dynamics research and overall natural history knowledge of sandhill cranes.
(Dé)coder la sécurité de l’information entre maintenance et innovation : le cas d’OpenPGP
Authors: Besençon Sylvain
Published: April 2022

La sécurité de l’information est devenue un enjeu majeur des sociétés contemporaines. Cet article vise à mieux comprendre comment la sécurité est codée dans les programmes informatiques en s’appuyant sur une étude de cas autour du standard OpenPGP, notamment utilisé pour protéger les emails. Globalement peu étudié du point de vue des sciences sociales, le travail ordinaire et routinier de soin du code est au cœur de l’analyse. Celle-ci se base sur la manière dont les différentes personnes impliquées dans la maintenance du code tâchent de réaliser leur « projet-sécurité » tout en faisant face à la constante émergence de bugs. Le propos suit particulièrement la trajectoire de la série de vulnérabilités EFAIL rendue publique en mai 2018. Cet article montre comment le code informatique, en tant qu’objet de sollicitude, est collectivement produit et sans cesse transformé dans un souci constant de vigilance, d’attention et de soin. Issu d’une recherche ethnographique de plusieurs années parmi des codeur·se·s et chercheur·se·s en sécurité, l’article insiste sur les pratiques collaboratives et peu visibles de maintenance et d’innovation qui assurent la sécurité du code. Cet article commente ainsi le cycle qui lie sécurité et insécurité et propose la notion de processus d’(in)sécurisation pour rendre compte de ces transformations quotidiennes.
Writing code, making software
Authors: Alcaras Gabriel , Larribeau Antoine
Published: April 2022

Digital infrastructures often appear as fascinating devices, both incredibly complex and perfectly ordered. While these infrastructures are the subject of much discourse, we know little about their production and maintenance practices, especially given their scope and diversity. How is the software we use every day created? Who builds the IT infrastructures of our contemporary societies? What is the digital world made of? This text provides a theoretical backdrop to introduce the contributions of the special issue. In order to go beyond the mythical figures (hacker, geek, entrepreneur) and to escape the algorithmic reduction, studying software as it is written offers multiple outlets for empirical investigation. This object is also at a fruitful intersection between several research traditions. It opens up promising avenues of inquiry into software know-how, performativity and the process of codification.
Les collèges de proximité en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Idrissa Kouyate
Published: April 2022

La Côte d’Ivoire s’est engagée, avec l’appui de ses partenaires techniques et financiers, dans un ambitieux programme de construction de petits collèges ruraux, dits « de proximité » (moins de 5 km de trajet), afin de répondre à la croissance rapide des effectifs en 6ème et de réduire les inégalités villes-campagnes. La loi instituant la scolarité obligatoire jusqu’à 16 ans (2015) fait du collège le cycle terminal de l’école de base et induit une réforme profonde, dont les collèges de proximité sont le laboratoire et la préfiguration.
Art and Environment Seen Through the Lens of Politics in Japan
Authors: Merviö Mika Markus
Published: April 2022

This chapter analyses the changing diversity of politically and socially relevant interpretations, ideas, and opinions concerning the environment in Japan with a special reference given to visual arts and how environment and environmental issues have been dealt with in Japanese art. Politics involves constant reinterpretation and rearranging of everything around us. Art and especially visual images allow endless opportunities for reconstruction and to be used, recomposed, and combined rhizomatically. The art world in Japan has been directly influenced by the changing political and social context, but within the art community in Japan, power relations have deeply influenced what ideas reach the public. Politicization of environment and art has a long history in Japan as environment and art both are an indispensable part of Japanese society and history. Shaping the interpretations for them has always had profound political and social significance. Moreover, the digitizing and internet together have made the spreading of images much easier and have made visual images more important than ever.
Japanese Visual Arts
Authors: Merviö Mika Markus
Published: April 2022

In this chapter, the author has analysed the Japanese visual traditions in the context of changing social, cultural, and political environment. He has provided detailed discussions about different phases of Japanese art history, and towards the end of the chapter, he has focused especially on the present situation of Japanese visual art scene. In addition, he has tried to add something new to the analysis by applying the concept of mimēsis in the sense that the human beings are mimetic beings and feeling an urge to create texts and art that reflect and represent reality. The Japanese visual art does much more than just copies the reality: it represents the reality and perfections it, and by accomplishing these acts, Japanese art remains dynamic and provides a means for artists in Japan to express themselves and the society around them.
Negotiated Morality, Families, and Communicating About Menstruation
Authors: Kartch Falon
Published: April 2022

In the Western world, menstruation has been branded a taboo topic. The purpose of this chapter is to build an argument for the use of morality as a fruitful lens for understanding menstruation communication within families. This chapter frames familial communication about menstruation as sites for the process of moral communication that have implications for the experiences, communication, and (dis)embodiment of menstruators through analysis of original, qualitative data using the concealment imperative framework and negotiated morality theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with mothers (n =30) who identified as either current or former menstruators. Results indicated family functioned as a site for moral communication when discussing menstrual products and in dialogues attempting to normalize menstruation. Framing family conversations as sites for the co-creation of moral understandings of menstruation offer an avenue from which menstruation can be re-storied, not as a shameful or embarrassing taboo, but as an embodied and powerful experience.
Challenging the Taboo Against Personal Abortion Accounts
Authors: Comparini Lisa
Published: April 2022

The present chapter is an analysis of how 10 women described their positions on abortion prior to and after deciding to terminate an unplanned pregnancy. The discursive features of their pre- and post-decision accounts are contrasted, noting the ways their pre-abortion accounts resembled the generalized, impartial, simplistic accounts that characterize political abortion rhetoric, and how they reframed and reconstructed more experiential, complex, integrated, and objective accounts, which then informed their changed position on the issue of abortion.
Securing Web Applications
Authors: Arifuzzaman B. M. , Mahmud S. M. Niaz , Muniat Ayman , Haque A. K. M. Bahalul
Published: April 2022

Web-based services are common targets for hackers, and the need for ensuring their security keeps on rising. Attackers often take advantage of the vulnerabilities of different web applications using several mechanisms and thus steal and manipulate valuable information. Therefore, the attack vectors are also increasing since there is a wide variety of internet users. Exploitations caused by different types of cyberattacks results in data loss, identity theft, financial loss, and various other adversaries on both humans and infrastructure. Therefore, investigating various attack vectors and countermeasures can facilitate and encourage future research and create awareness among web application users and developers.
A Hybrid EM-Based Boosting Classification Model for Microarray Somatic Disease Prediction
Authors: Basha Shaik Mahaboob , Devarakonda Nagaraju
Published: April 2022

As the size of the micro-array disease databases increase, finding an essential feature set for the classification problem is complex due to the large data size and sparsity problems. Traditional feature subset models are based on static clustering and classification models due to the fixed sized dimensions cluster-based disease prediction process. Sparsity, missing values, and imbalance are the major issues that affect the selection of essential feature clusters for data classification process. In this chapter, a hybrid cluster-based Bayesian probability estimation model is proposed in order to predict the disease class label on high dimensional databases. The proposed cluster-based classification model selects optimal clusters for feature ranking and classification problems to improve the true positive rate and accuracy. Experimental results are simulated on different training datasets for accuracy prediction. The results proved that the gene-disease-based patterns have better optimization than the conventional methods in terms of statistical metrics and classification models.
An Experiment to Find Disease Detection for Rice Plants Using ResNet
Authors: R. Sekar , Godavarthi Hema Likhitha , Bandi Satya Deepika , Dadi Sri Vandhana , Praghash K.
Published: April 2022

In India, around 70% of the populace depends on agribusiness. The identification of plant infections is significant to forestall misfortunes inside the yield. It's problematic to notice plant illnesses physically. It needs a colossal amount of work, skill inside the plant infections, and conjointly needs an unreasonable time stretch. Subsequently, picture handling models can be utilized for the location of plant illnesses. In this venture, the authors have depicted the procedure for the discovery of imperfections of plant illnesses with the assistance of their leaves pictures. Here they are utilizing the rice plant for recognizing the deformities. Picture handling is a part of sign handling, which can separate the picture properties or valuable data from the picture. The shade of leaves, measure of harm to leaves, space of the leaf, surface boundaries are utilized for arrangement. In this task, the authors have examined diverse picture boundaries or highlights to recognize distinctive plant passes on infections to accomplish the best accuracy.
Introduction to Different Kinds of Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Dev Priya
Published: April 2022

According to WHO, around 50 million people are affected with cognitive disorders with nearly 10 million new cases per year. It is a neuropsychiatric disorder that mainly affects the elderly, and it leads to deterioration in memory, thinking ability, behaviour, attention, executive dysfunction, perception, and activities of daily living. The etiology of cognitive disorders is multifactorial including structural damages to brain, genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Three major categories include delirium, mild neurocognitive disorders, and major neurocognitive disorders. Some common examples of these disorders are dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, etc. Therefore, the chapter will emphasize the different types of cognitive disorders along with their causes and symptoms.
An Intersectional Study of the Funding Experiences of South African University Students After Majority Rule
Authors: Chakabwata William
Published: April 2022

The funding experiences of university students in South Africa is explored in this chapter looking at race, gender, and socio-economic status. South Africa higher education was built on a foundation of racial inequality under apartheid. Any intersectional lens is employed to illustrate ways in the funding model crafted, before democratic rule is failing to meet the needs of Black male and female students who are marginalised by race, gender, and socio-economic status. A critical race theory displays how ANC-led government adoption of neo-liberal ideology has served to legitimise power differentials in higher education based on gender, race, and socio-economic status, nullifying the government efforts to transform higher education. Funding higher education in South Africa doesn't have a quick fix solution. It will take a multifaceted approach that takes into account historical disadvantages based on race, gender, and socio-economic status to come up with new funding approaches.
Training Future Health Professionals in Communication Skills
Authors: Rodrigues Susana , Baptista Ana Catarina , Nascimento Tânia , Galinha Vera
Published: April 2022

Communicating effectively is essential to any human interaction and especially relevant in the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, as communication difficulties in these contexts can affect the quality of healthcare delivery. Training future health professionals regarding their communicative skills, namely on how they should inform patients about their health status, diseases, and/or treatments; on establishing empathic relationships; and on promoting personal reflection on their actions, is extremely important. This chapter illustrates how communicative skills can be promoted in the training of future health professionals, aided by the experience and expertise gained in training future professionals in a degree course in Pharmacy at the School of Health in the University of Algarve, Portugal.
The Multiplicities of an Ethics Committee in Higher Education
Authors: Tavares Diana Leal , Cruz Agostinho , Cabral Ana Paula , Machado Alberto , Sousa Helena , Curado Henrique , Faria Isabel , Amorim Manuela , Gonçalves Maria João , Lopes Paula Maria da Costa , Monteiro Pedro R.
Published: April 2022

In the academic context, the main activity of ethics committees is evidently to regulate and monitor any investigation carried out within the institution, if the object of study is a person or biological material. However, it is important to note that ethics committee activity does not end, and cannot end, in this sphere of action. These entities are fundamental in raising awareness of the academic community for the assumption and incorporation of certain principles and values in their practices and in those of their members. Those principles and values include professional secrecy, respect for integrity and privacy, principles that become even more relevant when they refer to vulnerable people, such as health users. In a constantly changing world, ethics committees must identify new challenges and anticipate, as far as possible, action strategies. Having an ethics committee in a higher educational institution provides opportunities to, in a timely manner, be aware of the state of the art in bioethics or have access to recent research in healthcare.
New Challenges in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Education
Authors: Carramate Lara F. N. D. , Pinto Serafim , Pereira Rui , De Francesco Silvia , Martins Paula , Santos Milton
Published: April 2022

Medical imaging and radiotherapy professionals develop a crucial role at healthcare institutions in providing diagnostic images or deliver radiation treatment. As characteristic in the healthcare field, this work is performed in a multidisciplinary team and environment, which requires soft skills to contribute for the good team functioning and healthcare provided. The technological equipment and information and communication systems are a strong facet of the professional practice, which is in constant evolution, leading to changes in the clinical workflow and in the essential personal competencies in these contexts. Consequently, the training of these professionals is demanding and requires a continuous adaptation of teaching and learning strategies. Active teaching and learning, which should promote the search for knowledge and skills acquisition, and developing a “learning to learn” philosophy may be applied in schools and expand through a lifelong learning context to deal with the professional scenarios in a constantly evolving world.
Teleworker Experiences in #COVID-19
Authors: García-Contreras Rigoberto , Muñoz-Chávez J. Patricia , Valle-Cruz David , López-Chau Asdrúbal
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a critical and disruptive event that has substantially changed the way people live and work. Although several studies have examined the effects of remote work on organizational outcomes and behaviors, only a few have inquired into how its opportune implementation impacts aggregate emotions over time. This chapter aims to conduct a sentiment analysis with public reactions on Twitter about telework during the pandemic period. The results showed fluctuations in emotional polarity, starting with a higher positive charge in the early pandemic scenarios that became weaker, and the negative polarity of emotions increased. Fear, sadness, and anger were the emotions that increased the most during the pandemic. Knowledge about people's sentiments about telework is important to complement organizational research and to complement the framework for the development of efficient telework implementation strategies.
Analysis of the Perception of Professionals in Municipalities of Dammam Metropolitan Area Towards Introducing E-Participation in Saudi Urban Planning
Authors: Bouregh Adel Saleh
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to investigates the e-participation in urban planning in Saudi Arabia (KSA). It further investigates the perception of the employed professionals in the municipalities of Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) towards introducing e-participation. The study adopts a quantitative research method. The data is collected through a structured self-administrated survey. The sample for survey is drawn from the municipalities in DMA, KSA. The target population of the study is defined as professionals working in municipalities in DMA. The findings of the study indicate that the professionals in municipalities have optimistic attitudes toward e-participation in urban planning. They believe that e-participation in urban planning will contribute in having: high representation of public, positive contribution, and speeding up the decision-making. The findings also show that there is almost complete agreement in the views regarding the e-participation feasibility in planning process during crises (such as COVID-19).
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Citizen Travel Rules Related to Intelligent Mobility Use in Algeria
Authors: Mekhtoub Yasmine Keltoum , Baouni Tahar
Published: April 2022

The study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICT-related travel policy, based on a statistical analysis of the uptake and use of smart mobility services by the Algerian population before and during the crisis. A questionnaire distributed via the internet on social networks was used to assess ICT use and evaluate the influence of personal factors on the choice and frequency of use of technologies in mobility. The sample consisted of 368 valid individuals. Several parametric and non-parametric tests were performed to address the hypotheses posed. The results suggest that the diffusion of COVID-19 would influence Algerian citizens' mobility, which differs by gender, age group, location, and status. This work also examines the effectiveness of restrictions and tests ICT services in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although mobility changes according to need, some modes of transport adapt to circumstances and others do not. Policymakers should therefore consider these changes in travel policy to develop adequate services for future disasters.
Homocysteine and atrial fibrillation: novel evidences and insights
Authors: Ivanov Valeriy , Smereka Yuliia , Rasputin Volodymyr , Dmytriiev Kostiantyn
Published: April 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent rhythm disorders worldwide, with around 37.574 million cases around the globe (0.51 % global population).  Different studies showed a high informative value of different biomarkers, including such related to the systemic inflammation, biomechanical stress and fibrosis. In this review article we aimed to study only the relation of homocysteine to the AF development. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, that is produced in the process of methionine metabolism. Which is a non-canonical amino acid, that is derived from the food proteins. From the scientific point of view there is a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial fibrosis, but these mechanisms are complicated and not sufficiently studied. Homocysteine regulates activity of the ion channels through their redox state. Elevated homocysteine level can condition electrical remodeling of the cardiomyocytes through the increase of sodium current and change in the function of rapid sodium channels, increase of inwards potassium current and decrease in amount of rapid potassium channels. High homocysteine concentration also leads to the shortening of the action potential, loss of the rate adaptation of the action potential and persistent circulation of the re-entry waves. In a series of experimental studies on mice there was an association found between the homocysteine level and activity of vascular inflammation. Elevation of homocysteine level is an independent factor of the thromboembolic events and AF relapses. Population studies showed, that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for AF. So, homocysteine is an interesting target for up-stream therapy.
Geomorphic feature inventory along the Dempster and Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk highway corridor, Yukon and Northwest Territories
Authors: Sladen W E , Parker R J H , Morse P D , Kokelj S V , Smith S L
Published: April 2022

Thaw of permafrost and associated ground ice melt can reduce ground stability, modify terrain, and reconfigure drainage patterns affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and presenting challenges to northern infrastructure and societies. The integrity of
ground-based transportation infrastructure is critical to northern communities. Geomorphic features can indicate ground ice presence and thaw susceptibility. This Geological Survey of Canada Open File presents the digital georeferenced database of landforms identified in continuous permafrost
terrain using high-resolution satellite imagery. The database is for a 10 km-wide corridor centered on the Dempster and Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk highways. This 875 km-long transect traverses a variety of geological and physiographic terrain types, including glaciated and non-glaciated terrain, in the
northcentral Yukon and northwestern Northwest Territories, where variation in climate, relief, ecology, and disturbance have produced a variety of periglacial conditions. We identified geomorphic features in high-resolution (0.6 m) satellite imagery visualized in 3D, and digitized them in ArcGIS. We
used custom Python scripts to populate the attributes for each geomorphic feature. A total of 8746 features were mapped by type and categorized within three main classes: hydrological (n = 1188), mass movement (n = 2435), and periglacial (n = 5123). Features were identified at 1:10 000 and mapped at
1:5000. This report presents the geospatial database in ESRI shapefile, Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and comma-delineated formats.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in 1048 Health Care Workers Hospitalised with COVID 19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital, India
Authors: Dhikale Prasad Tukaram , Chavhan Smita Santosh , Adsul Balkrishna , Gokhale Chinmay , Ingale Aniket , Kinge Kirti
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

We aim to study the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of doctors and nurses hospitalized with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. All doctors and nurses positive on reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction test of nasopharyngeal or/and oropharyngeal samples for COVID-19 who were admitted in this designated COVID hospital from April 2020 to January 2021 and with a definite outcome (death or discharge) till the end of January 2021 were included in this study. To explore the risk factors associated with mortality of health-care workers (HCWs), bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done.

Results:

Out of 1048 HCWs, 846 (80.7%) were doctors and 202 (19.3%) were nurses. Majority (619, 59.15%) of the HCWs were young (18–30 years). Most (185, 91.6%) of the nurses were female, while majority (533, 63%) of the doctors were male. The 11 (1%) HCWs who died were all doctors, but the difference was not statistically significant. Total 121 (11.54%) HCWs had comorbidities, and hypertension 70 (6.7%) and diabetes 62 (5.9%) were most common. Age >60 years (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] [confidence interval (CI)] = 36.01 [3.45–375.5]) and suffering from diabetes mellitus (AOR [CI] = 10.4 [1.82–59.51]) were found to be significant predictors for the death of HCWs after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion:

The mortality rate due to COVID-19 in doctors and nurses was lower (1%) as compared to the general population as most of the HCWs were young and with a low prevalence of comorbidities. Age >60 years and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for death; such HCWs should avoid contact with COVID-19 patients. Screening of HCWs for COVID-19 is important to reduce its transmission.
Removal of turbidity and color in domestic wastewater using aqueous seed extract of Cassia fistula
Authors: Dunoyer Arnulfo Antonio Tarón , Carrillo Luis Enrique Guzmán , Cuello Rafael Emilio González
Published: April 2022

Many substances of plant origin are extracted for use in the primary treatment of domestic wastewater. In most cases, they are used as coagulating and flocculating agents and are derived from seeds, leaves, bark or sap, roots, and fruits of trees and plants. In this research, the use of Cassia fistula seed was evaluated for the removal of turbidity and color in domestic wastewater from a pumping station in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). The optimal dose of C. fistula seed powder was determined by jar test using an E&Q F6-300 digital flocculator. Physicochemical parameters such as turbidity and color were determined, following the recommendations of APHA (Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater), expressing the results in UNT (Total Nephelometric Units) for turbidity, and UPt-Co (Platinum-Cobalt Units) for the color.  The results obtained show that with a dose of 160 mgL-1 of the coagulant extracted from the C. fistula seed, a value of 34.14 NTU is reached for removal of 62.18% with respect to the initial turbidity value. The color decreases reaching a minimum value of 88.59 UPC for removal of 64%, at a dose of 160 mgL-1 of natural coagulant.  The seed C. fistula exhibited good coagulating properties at low doses and can be an important alternative for the removal of color and turbidity in wastewater.

Keywords: color, removal, turbidity, water treatment.
Common Ground When Choosing Wisely® for Patients
Authors: Sibicky Stephanie L.
Published: April 2022

Since 2012, the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, in collaboration with the National Physicians Alliance and Consumer Reports, have compiled a list of evidence-based statements from approximately 80 organizations to advise clinicians, patients, and their caregivers about optimization of care and avoiding unnecessary medical testing and therapies through the Choosing Wisely® (CW) campaign. Although started in the Unites States, similar initiatives were created across the globe demonstrating and recognizing CW's importance in improving global patient care. Pharmacists are specifically in tune to the use of medications in older people, but they also consider the complexity and holistic view of the patient. In many ways, the goals of the CW initiative mirror those of senior care pharmacy, but in reading through the nearly 740 statements currently published through www.ChoosingWisely.org, the number of overlapping recommendations produced between organizations is striking. Outside of regulations and mandates from federal and state governments, could CW assist interprofessional teams to find additional "common ground" while caring for older people?
Whose Problem Is It?
Authors: Dodd Jerrica
Published: April 2022

Pharmacist Jerrica Dodd highlights the issues with insulin access, affordability, and the health disparities that exist for older minority patients living with diabetes.
ASCP’s 2021 Choosing Wisely® Recommendations: A Proud Accomplishment
Authors: Beier Manju T. , Brodeur Michael R.
Published: April 2022

Choosing Wisely® (CW) is a campaign to engage physicians and patients in conversations about unnecessary tests, treatments, and procedures. The campaign began in the United States in 2012 and in Canada in 2014, and now many countries around the world are adapting the campaign and
implementing it. Currently, approximately 80 societies in the United States have published CW recommendations. Each recommendation is supported by clinical guidelines (when necessary), evidence-based ratinale, including information about when these tests or procedures may be appropriate. A
deprescribing task force led by Chair Beier was created by ASCP in November 2018 after several conversations between ASCP leadership (notably, President J. Hirshfield) and Beier. Task force members comprise pharmacists practicing in academia, community, and long-term care settings. The chair
also invited pharmacists from international countries (Canada and Australia) where deprescribing initiatives have a strong focus and scientific literature base. One of the primary goals for Chair Beier was to add ASCP’s voice to the ABIM CW Campaign. Because ASCP is a membership association
that represents pharmacists, health care professionals, and students serving the unique medication needs of older patients, by adding its name to the list of supporting partners, the organization makes a compelling argument to address deprescribing initiatives, tools, scientific literature,
and resources to assist in initiating deprescribing conversations and their subsequent implementation.
Part Two: Diabetes Part 2: A Review of Insulin Therapy in Older Patients
Authors: Phillippe Haley , Pogge Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease state among older people, with type 2 diabetes making up most cases. As the disease progresses, many patients will need to transition to insulin therapy. Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in the care of older people with diabetes by providing
recommendations related to insulin therapy. Senior care pharmacists need to be knowledgeable about the pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and cost concerns related to insulin therapy.