bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordenamento territorial e conflitos por terra no Amapá – Amazônia – Brasil
Authors: Lomba Roni Mayer , Schweitzer Alejandro Fabian , Porto Jadson Luís Rebelo
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa os conflitos agrários envolvendo o campesinato tradicional e as grandes atividades capitalistas no Estado do Amapá, Amazônia brasileira. Buscamos desvendar, a partir da geografia agrária e do avanço da fronteira, as características da ocupação, a gênese dos povos locais, as políticas de ordenamento fundiário e como elas tem beneficiado determinados grupos no acesso a terra e exploração dos recursos naturais. Essencialmente, os conflitos encontram-se estabelecidos pela expansão da agropecuária em terras públicas ocupadas por camponeses posseiros, pela construção de barragens para hidrelétricas, afetando populações ribeirinhas, pelo desmatamento de florestas e exploração mineral, atingindo povos indígenas e outros. A pesquisa percorre uma análise crítica via materialismo dialético com a revisão teórica e histórica do lugar, da dinâmica da fronteira, realização de entrevistas qualitativas e construção de dados quali-quantitativos. Conclui-se que a existência de um projeto político local atende aos grandes interesses privados, frente à uma sociedade que reivindica seus direitos ao território enquanto meio de vida.
The Evolution of Mortgage Lending Institutions
Authors: Kovalevskaya Natalya
Published: January 2021

The present article describes opportunities for seeking the forms of housing finance, which closely conform to the current needs of the society. The author analyses evolutionary developments of the two main mortgage lending systems, provided either by savings-and-loans banks or by mortgage credit banks. Historical development of loan associations and thrift institutions for housing construction is also in focus of the study. It explores the stages of transferring or, that is also called in literature, “transplantation” of the institutions from the country of origin to other countries. As a consequence of that, the modern studies contain such terms as “donor country” and “recipient country” of the financial institution, which reflect the nature of the transferring (transplantation) process. The evolution scheme of the two main mortgage institutions is considered. Criteria and stages of the institutions’ development in different countries are identified and described in the text. The author also analyses the impact of environment on the institutions’ development, which are dependent on different initial conditions of the institute implementation as well as on social and socio-economic conditions existing in the countries, which choose a certain model of mortgage institutions. The author evaluates the opportunity and attempts to develop the German construction thrift institution model in comparison to classic American mortgage model. The opportunities for developing different forms of mortgage lending in the modern context are under review in the article. They will depend on criteria of difference that financial institutions present as well on conditions of their activity.
Construction Program of the First and the Second Five-Year Plans in Timber Industry of the USSR: Experience in the Study
Authors: Zykin Ivan
Published: January 2021

Timber industry was a very meaningful component element of the «social industrialization» project in the Soviet Union of the late 1920s and the early 1940s. The national economy and the population of the country were in urgent need of products provided by the industry; timber resources and materials generated much revenue from their export. The main directions and parameters of the forest-timber complex were the subject of the first soviet five-year plans. They included establishing timber-industry centers in the European North, Ural, Siberia and the Far East. The plans also contained the itemized lists of the main construction sites made by the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR (for the First Five-Year plan), as well as by the Peoples Commissariat of Timber Industry of the USSR (for the Second Five-Year Plan). The present paper introduces for the first time the analysis of timber industry construction program: investments, dynamics of quantity and value of new construction sites, plan target timelines and completion dates of the construction sites. The analysis was based on the materials of the first and the second five-year plans, in reference to timber industry components and regions of the Soviet Union. The study identified the main investment priorities in regional levels, such as sawmilling and wood processing industries as well as pulp and paper industry. The article also contains conclusions about underperformance of some projects and readjustment of tasks for the Soviet timber industry in 1933-1934 (after failure of the First-Year Plan), while remaining the baselines of the industry.
Shadow Economy in Logging Activities (on the Example of the Irkutsk Region)
Authors: Davydova Galina , Tagiev Mikhail , Tagiev Ismail , Ryabinina Elena
Published: January 2021

Currently, the development in the forestry industry is limited by various negative economic phenomena, the analysis of which does not allow us to determine the direct and immediate problems of the shadow economy associated with the size of the tax burden. The urgency of this problem is associated with the scale of the shadow economy, which violates the forestry and tax legislation of the country. One of such forms that violates the laws and reduces tax payments of the logging industry is tax evasion through the customs structure, which is used by the taxpayer. This appears to be an extremely negative economic factor and a serious problem limiting the amount of Russia's financial resources. The article also provides a general assessment of the shadow economy of the forest industry in the Irkutsk region.
A review of carbon-based refractory materials and their applications
Authors: Thethwayo B.M. , Steenkamp J.D.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS Although carbon is typically considered a reductant in pyrometallurgical smelting processes, it can also be applied as refractory material in the furnace containment system. The paper introduces researchers, new to the field, to refractory materials and the role they play in the design of the furnace containment system. It also provides an overview of carbon-containing and carbon-based refractory materials and their respective applications, including the refractory lining of the furnace containment system. The industries discussed include iron and steel making, ferro-alloys (silicomanganese), and platinum group metals. Keywords: refractories, carbon-containing, carbon-based, graphite, carbon.
Integrated optimization and simulation models for short-term open-pit mine planning
Authors: Torres V.F. Navarro , Mateus G.R. , Martins A.G. , Carneiro W. , Chaves L.S.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS Operational mine planning is a fundamental activity in mine operations and should take into account various characteristics of the material, the available mining faces, the requirements of discharge points, and production hiatuses due to reduced equipment operational efficiency, in order to efficiently allocate shovels and trucks and deliver the required tonnage and quality to the proper destinations. This paper presents an approach for optimizing short-term day-to-day mining operations using simulation. A mathematical model based on integer linear programming is developed. The solution is obtained through two different software packages using discrete event simulation (Arena) and a mathematical optimization model (Lingo). The two integrated models search an efficient solution to optimize a set of criteria by applying goal programming to hierarchically optimize five objective functions in a logical priority order under the operator's standpoint and by simulating mining operations and unproductive events to evaluate how closely the optimized results are actually achieved. The integrated models are applied to a real large-scale iron ore mine in southeastern Brazil. A decision support system (DSS) prototype that meets the production requirements is also applied. The results show that an increase in the available loading equipment will not result necessarily in increased production, as expected. The models show satisfactory results and applicability to real and complex mining situations, and the formulation allows for easy adaptation to other mine situations. Keywords: discrete event simulation, optimization, decision support system, mine planning, linear programming.
Beszámoló a XIII. Képzés és Gyakorlat Nemzetközi Neveléstudományi Konferenciáról
Authors: Földi Fanni
Published: January 2021

A Kaposvári Campus Pedagógiai Kar és a Soproni Egyetem Benedek Elek Pedagógiai Kar együttműködésének köszönhetően valósult meg a 13. Képzés és Gyakorlat Nemzetközi Neveléstudományi Konferencia 2020. október 1–3. között. A tudományos rendezvény a „Neveléstudomány – Válaszlehetőségek az új évezred kihívásaira” címet viselte. A konferencia eredeti helyszíne Kaposvár lett volna, de a jelenlegi vírushelyzet miatt egy online platformon keresztül követhettük az előadásokat. Ez a rendezvény volt hazánkban az első, nagy létszámú résztvevőt fogadó online konferencia a neveléstudomány területén. A konferencia elnöke Józsa Krisztián, titkára Bencéné Fekete Andrea volt.
Anyanyelvfejlesztés nyelvjárási háttérrel
Authors: Frang Gizella
Published: January 2021

The language of students entering third level education institutes is continuously influenced by the media, the spoken everyday language and terminologies which can have negative and positive effects on their language and as a result a kind of pidginization of the Hungarian language can occur. Consequently, it is crucial for students taking part in the nursing and tutoring education to get acquainted with the rich phonological, lexical, syntactical and structural phenomena of the various Hungarian dialects. The various methods of anthropological linguistics can also be helpful in their studies. The observation, description and understanding of elements of the dialect supports not just the understanding of text in relation to pre-school teacher training but it also helps to accept one’s own native tongue ordialect. The determinant source of native language education is the traditional Hungarian language and its linguistic specialities. The first sounds a child perceives are the voices of their environment – the sounds of articulation and intonation in a dialectal background. These special idiomatic and vernacular features appear in the nursery rhymes and folk tales as well. These features help pre-school children to improve their mother language skills.
Interviewing very young children on multilingualism
Authors: Kitzinger Arianna
Published: January 2021

Interviewing is a usual research method in qualitative research which is widely used in pedagogy as well. Yet, interviewing very young children is rather rare as it carries special difficulties and researchers find it better not to overcomplicate the research process for the sake of potentially not useful material. While this might be true, it is worth focussing on the hardships and special features of this research technique, too. Therefore, the study shows the difference between interviewing children and adults, and at the same time, it also deals with a timely topic, multilingualism, which the present study will examine from the point of view of the kindergarteners. The originality of the study lies not in conducting interviews as a part of qualitative research but in the intention according to which the author wants to concentrate on this method, i.e. interviewing very young children (between 3 and 6) showing that it is a special job which demands more attention in educational linguistics.
Vízbiztonság és úszáskompetenciák megjelenése az iskolai tantervekben, utasításokban és tervezetekben
Authors: Kovács Zsófia , Prisztóka Gyöngyvér
Published: January 2021

Our study aiming to define the term ‘swimming ability’ is based on international literature and examines the competency-based school swimming education system, taking into consideration the blueprints and paradigms of our times. We are comparing public-school instructions, schemes and the curriculum of elementary and civic schools to our previously collected data processed with the help of historical analysis extending from 1918 to 2020. The classification of the analysed documents is based on how much data they specifically store about water safety and swimming competencies. As a result, we are going to showcase the curriculums that were built mostly around the mentioned competencies and the direction in which the swimming education is developing in Hungary.
A szabadidőeltöltés és a pszichés stressz kapcsolatának vizsgálata az egészségnevelés folyamatában
Authors: Dinnyés Katalin Julianna , Pusztafalvi Henriette
Published: January 2021

Health is multidimensional - it is influenced by physical, mental and social elements as well as by the natural environment, the feeling of success and satisfaction and by a positive self-image. (Tarkó, Benkő 2005). In the two most important social environments – at home and at school – can we acquire the knowledge and values that are essential to health and the close connection between these two environments is necessary to convey the benefits of health. (Meleg, 2002). Health education became part of the school curriculum in the 19th century and was taught by school GPs and health educators. Currently, health education does not appear in the curriculum as an individual subject (Pusztafalvi, 2013), although the importance of health education is not only justified by the historical past but also by the state of health of the population and by the goals of NAT2020. Our aim is to examine the connection between fighting the effects of stress and the choice of leisure activities.
Recenzió Perjés István–Héjja-Nagy Katalin (szerk.) (2015): Tanulástámogatás a felsőoktatásban c. művéről
Authors: Lantos Tünde
Published: January 2021

Prof. dr. Perjés István egyetemi tanárként a neveléstudomány jeles képviselője. Kutatási témái többek között a tanártovábbképzés megújítására, a komplex iskolakutatásra, a tanulási környezet fontosságára, a hallgatók kompetenciáinak fejlesztésére irányulnak. A neveléstudományok mellett a média- és kommunikációs tudományokra is fókuszál.
A digitális oktatás tapasztalatai a COVID-19 járvány idején
Authors: Adorján Balázs
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the spread of information technology has significantly reshaped our world, opening up opportunities in both everyday life and education that we could not have imagined before. In the course of the year 2020 COVID-19 epidemic, the society was able to take advantage of the opportunities offered by IT in online communication, home office and digital education. But these possibilities are not taken for granted, we must learn to take advantage of them. Excessive adherence to the usual solutions and bureaucracy, in the ordinary sense, can lead to unnecessary extra work and administration. This year, the advantages and disadvantages of digital education were also experienced by the participants of the education system. If this knowledge were used wisely, traditional education could become much easier. That is the reason why I considered it necessary to conduct research to find out how students lived through this new situation: which courses went smoothly, what they think about the services they have used and how useful they have felt them.
A vezetésfejlesztés kiemelt szerepe a köznevelési intézményekben
Authors: Gál Edit
Published: January 2021

The leadership development of public educational institutions has been a current issue and task to be solved for years. I carried out a mini-research related to the topic in 2012 and the purpose of my current paper is to analyse the changes that have taken place since then. The study aims to answer the following questions: Why is this field difficult and unable to develop? Why is this significant knowledge not highlighted in the system of public education and trainings of institute management? Why does it appear only on a theoretical level in most of the trainings? I would like to reflect on the reasons why leaders do not use their theoretical knowledge in practice and what kind of help they get from the maintainer to develop their attitude, method and style of leading. In the research, kindergarten leaders and school principals answered related questions.
Pedagógiai innováció az óvodában – az éjszakai óvoda ötlete Szolnokon
Authors: Hóbor Dorina
Published: January 2021

My study is about a pedagogical innovation which seems to be quite strange and divisive at first hearing: a nocturnal kindergarten. Several questions may arise when using these two words together. Kindergarten? At night? What purpose does it serve? Is there need for this? In my research, we can also get answers to these questions. Using a questionnaire, I examined these issues with two target groups, parents and kindergarten teachers. The topic, as I predicted, was completely divisive, opposing views were expressed, the analysis of which was very interesting. It is puzzling how differently the topic was approached. What can be said for sure is that this pedagogical innovation will also have a long way to go to be possibly accepted widely in the future.
A szülői példamutatás szerepe a sportolás tekintetében, s ennek hatása a kisgyermekkori mozgástevékenységekre
Authors: Tamás Barbara Anna
Published: January 2021

I consider that parents have a high responsibility in forming a child’s attitude towards sports and physical exercise essential to health promotion, as they shape their child’s need for exercise and influence the preservation of the child’s health by setting a good example. In my research I focus on the influence of the parents’ example when establishing their pre-school child’s routine related to sports. As a conclusion, based on my research, we can say without bias that those children are more likely to do sports regularly, whose parents do regular exercise themselves ever since they were children. On the other hand, those children are less likely to start sporting activities, whose parents do not do physical exercise regularly or did not do sports when they were children.
Fenntarthatósággal kapcsolatos attitűdök feltárása különböző célcsoportokban
Authors: Kollarics Tímea , Hartl Éva , Molnár Katalin
Published: January 2021

In our survey on sustainable living, we aimed to learn about respondents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sustainability in six target groups. The areas of the research were the UN 2015 Sustainable Development Goals that can be related to sustainable living. In the framework of this publication, due to space constraints, we only try to present attitudes related to sustainability, we analyze the results of the answers to the related questions.
Heterogeneous Immunological Landscapes and Medieval Plague: An Invitation to a New Dialogue between Historians and Immunologists
Authors: Crespo Fabian , Lawrenz Matthew B.
Published: January 2021

Efforts to understand the differential mortality caused by plague must account for many factors, including human immune responses. In this essay we are particularly interested in those people who were exposed to the Yersinia pestis pathogen during the Black Death, but who had differing fates—survival or death—that could depend on which individuals (once infected) were able to mount an appropriate immune response as a result of biological, environmental, and social factors. The proposed model suggests that historians of the medieval world could make a significant contribution to the study of human health, and especially the role of human immunology in past environments and societies, by helping to reconstruct these conditions.
Noble Polish Sexuality and the Corrupted European Body
Authors: Gressgård Randi , Smoczynski Rafał
Published: January 2021

This article attends to the instrumentalization of gender and sexuality in recent Polish political campaigns. Locating current political debates in a cultural-historical context of long-established hierarchical divides, it conceives of gender and sexuality as ‘empty signifiers’ deployed in political struggles (for hegemony) over notions of civic responsibility, good citizenship and articulations of Europeanness. Similarly, it takes ‘Europeanness’ as an empty signifier, without any essential meaning, arguing that these signifiers are key to understanding recent mobilizations around moral frontiers in Polish politics. Illustrative examples serve to elaborate how LGBT rights and sex education are instrumentalized among self-proclaimed liberals as well as rightwing nationalists, seeking to guarantee the moral integrity of the nation according to an antagonistic logic. On both sides of the political divide, we witness a self-orientalizing positioning towards the European ‘core’, whether phrased in terms of sexual modernity or Christian civilization.
Ecology of Meiobenthos Inhabiting the Local Biotopes of Gas Seeps in Coastal Waters of Crimea: Taxonomic Composition and Distribution in Bottom Sediments
Authors: Ivanova Ekaterina A. , Gulin Maksim B.
Published: January 2021

The present study reports results of investigation of meiobenthos from shallow-water gas seeps of Cape Tarkhankut (North-Western Crimea). The meiobenthic communities at the gas seeps have been found to be suppressed and less abundant than the zoobenthos in the surrounding seabed substrates. The density peaks of seep meiofauna are confined to the upper 0–3 cm layer, in contrast to the surrounding sands, where much more abundant meiofauna is located deeper in the sediment layer. Dominant and subdominant meiobenthic taxa are Nematoda, Foraminifera (Allogromiida), and Polychaeta. It is highly likely that among the meiofauna that was found in the seep marine sediments, there was a significant percentage of dead bodies from the surface layers, trapped inside the microbial mat because of the high growth rate of the bacterial substrate. Sulfidic seep sediments reduce the concentration of oxygen within the 1.5 m near-bottom layer. Seep sediments form specific “extreme” biotopes, where the environment rich in organic matter is combined with high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and lack (or complete absence) of oxygen
Deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases genes (GSTT1, GSTM1) in patients with breast cancer in Primorye region
Authors: Gulyan I. S. , Bystritskaya E. P. , Chernysheva N. Yu. , Eliseeva E. V. , Apanasevich V. I. , Isaeva M. P.
Published: January 2021

Background. Breast cancer (BC) refers to multifactorial polygenic diseases that occur as a result of the combined interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Glutathione-mediated detoxification is of key importance in ensuring the resistance of body cells to the damaging effect of xenobiotics.

Objective: to study the prevalence of deletion polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and to establish their influence on the formation of cancer risk in patients with BC in the Primorye region (Russia).

Materials and methods. The study involved 176 women with BC, aged 23 to 79 years (mean age 48 ± 13 years) and 66 conditionally healthy individuals without cancer. The detection of deletion (null) genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by analysis of the melting curves of the reaction products.

Results. The frequency of GSTT1-0 genotype among BC patients was higher than in the control group (14.77 % versus 6.06 %), significantly exceeding the indicators in the control group by more than 2.5 times (p <0.1), indicating an association between the carriage of the GSTT1-0 genotype and the risk of developing BC. At the same time, the frequencies of the GSTM1-0 genotype in the study groups were comparable; no statistically significant association with the risk of developing BC was found.

Conclusions. Homozygous deletion of GSTT1 (GSTT1-0) can potentially be considered as a low-penetrant risk factor for developing BC in the population of Primorye region.
Comparison of cosmetic results after treatment in women with breast cancer who received additional radiation to the tumor bed
Authors: Akulova I. A. , Novikov S. N. , Tseluyko A. I. , Chernaya A. V. , Bryantseva Zh. V. , Krivorotko P. V. , Kanaev S. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective: to compare cosmetic result of two techniques of boost delivery to the tumor bed after breast concerving treatment.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of patients with stage IA–IIIA breast cancer from three groups was carried out: 1) 45 women received tumor bed boost with interstitial brachytherapy; 2) 48 women with electrons (energies from 6 to 18 MeV); 3) 59 women did not receive additional irradiation of the removed tumor bed. The analysis of the cosmetic results of treatment was carried out using subjective and objective methods using mammographic data, including information about the most common complications from the skin, subcutaneous fat and remaining breast tissue, such as telangiectasias, fibrosis, and fatty necrosis.

Results. According to the results of self-assessment by patients and assessment by independent expert (oncologist), carried out on a 4-point Harvard scale, the cosmetic result in most cases was characterized as “excellent” or “good”. Frequency and grade of telangiectasia were used for objective evaluation of skin complications and were similar in all 3 groups. The incidence of localized fibrosis also did not differ and was most often observed as absent or moderate (grade 1–2). There were no significant differences between the severity and incidence of fatty necrosis on both physical examinations and when it was evaluated on mammography.

Conclusions. additional irradiation of the tumor bed does not compromise cosmetic result of the treatment. In most cases (57–78 %) estimated as “good” and “excellent”. The cosmetic result of the treatment does not depend on the technology of boost delivery.
Molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers
Authors: Pospekhova N. I. , Golovina D. A. , Filippova M. G. , Semyanikhina A. V. , Dranko S. L. , Danishevich A. M. , Stroganova A. M.
Published: January 2021

Background. According to the literature, BRCA1-associated breast cancer (BC) most often belongs to the triple negative (TNBC) molecular subtype. The data on the contribution of other molecular subtypes to this group of patients differ among different studies.

The study objective is to evaluate the frequency of different tumor molecular subtypes in BC patients with BRCA1 gene mutation treated in N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2017 to 2020.

Materials and methods. The study included BC patients with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene (n = 209) identified as a result BRCA1 mutation screening of patients with BC. DNA diagnostics was carried out on blood samples of patients using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. After analyzing the patients primary documentation clinical and morphological data were taken into account: the age of diagnosis, the stage of the disease, the results of immunohistochemical studies (estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 expression, Ki-67 proliferation index). The assignment to the particular molecular tumour subtypes was performed according to estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 status and Ki67 value.

Results. Clinical and pathomorphological data of 209 patients with BRCA1-associated BC were analyzed. The age at diagnosis ranged from 23 to 72 years, the median age was 40 years, the mean age was 41.46 ± 9.82 years. BC associated with BRCA1 was found to be TNBC in 71.3 % and luminal B, HER2 negative (LumB–) in 19.1 % of the cases. Other tumour subtypes were much less common: luminal B, HER2 positive (LumB+) in 7.2 %, luminal A (LumA) in 1 % and HER2-positive (HER2+) in 1.4 % of the cases. The frequency of subtypes was estimated in different age groups (1st – patients 23–34 (n = 53), 2nd – 35–49 (n = 111), and 3rd – 50–72 (n = 45) years old). TNBC frequency was 81.1 % in the 1st group, 73.9 % in the 2nd and 53.4 % in the 3rd group; LumB– frequency was 15.1, 15.3 and 33.3 % respectively. Using the Fisher test it was shown that the differences in frequencies were statistically significant between groups 1st and 3 rd, as well as between groups 2 nd and 3 rd (p <0.05).

Conclusion. TNBC was the main molecular subtype in all age groups of BC patients with BRCA1 germinal mutation, TNBC frequency was lower in the older age group. LumB– subtype was also common in BRCA1-associated tumors especially in older women.
I. Séglas and Heitz. Treatment of epilepsy by the Flechsig method. — Arch. neurology, № 56
Authors: Toporkov N.
Published: January 2021

Among the numerous methods of treatment of epilepsy, especially three have aroused attention over the past years: surgical intervention in the form of sympathetic nerve transection and pharmacological methods of Bekhterev and Fleksig.
On June 17, 1901, the Director of the Vinnytsia Regional Medical Hospital Vasily Petrovich Kuznetsov died at the age of 42 from septic diphtheria
Authors: Mayevskiy M.
Published: January 2021

Vasily Petrovich Kuznetsov is the son of an official, a native of Perm. After graduating from the course at the Perm gymnasium, V.P. entered the Military Medical Academy, and, having received the title of doctor in 1882, until 1888 studied at the Doctor Frey's Medical Center in St. Petersburg. In 1888, he received a doctorate in medicine and in the same year was determined. the senior physician of the Hospital of All Sorrows.
İNDİRİM MARKETLERİNİ KİMLER, NEDEN TERCİH EDER?
Authors: YILMAZ Aykut , AYKAÇ Ömer , YOLCU Tarık , ÖZKAYNAR Kürşad
Published: January 2021

Organize perakendeciliğin sektör içerisinden aldığı pay artmaya devam etmektedir. Organize perakendeciliğin en önemli oyuncularından biri de hem geleneksel kanala hem de organize kanaldaki büyük oyunculara rakip olarak ortaya çıkan indirim marketleridir. Türkiye’de tüketicilerle 90’lı yıllarda tanışan bu iş modeli 2019 yılı sonu itibariyle 30 bin mağaza sayısı ile ülke geneline yayılmayı da başarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, indirim marketlerini tercih eden tüketicilerin demografik profilini çıkarmanın yanı sıra bu marketleri neden tercih ettiklerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye nüfusunun yaş ve cinsiyete göre dağılımı dikkate alınarak kota örnekleme yöntemiyle Sakarya, Kocaeli ve İstanbul illerinde yaşayan 1.291 kişiye anket uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, indirim marketlerinin başlıca tercih nedenleri fiyat (%42,84), yakınlık (%36,87) ve kalite (%14,87) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca indirim marketlerinin müşteri profillerindeki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya çıkarıldığı gibi demografik özelliklere göre tercih nedenlerinde farklılaşma olup olmadığı da incelenmiştir.
An Analysis on the Ways Brands Are Featured in Celebrity Posts on Instagram and the Level of Sponsorship Disclosure
Authors: ZENGİN Güldane , ZENGİN A. Mücahid
Published: January 2021

Brands are partnering with celebrities in both traditional and new media. Instagram is one of the widely used social media platforms where brands are trying to reach their target audiences. Celebrities are using this platform not only to connect with their fans, but also partner with brands. This study examines the posts made by Turkish celebrities on Instagram and aims to reveal the ways brands are featured in these posts. In addition, this study aims to reveal the level of sponsorship disclosure on these posts. 354 posts of 36 celebrities were found to include a visible or audible brand name, logo, slogan or an identifiable product and product package. Most prominent way of featuring a brand in a post was found to be “@mention” with 62,7%. It was also found that in 66,9% of the posts, celebrity was pictured with the brand. Out of the 354 branded posts made by celebrities, only 3,7% found to be including a sponsorship disclosure although regulations prohibit covert advertising and stipulates disclosure of product placement.
The Characteristics of Limestone and Anthracite Coal as Filter Media in Treating Pollutants from Groundwater
Authors:   the Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Penang, Malaysia, Akbar N. A. , Aziz H. A. , Adlan M. N.
Published: January 2021

The performance of limestone and anthracite coal were evaluated for the removal of pollutants from groundwater. The physical and chemical properties of two filter materials were characterised through X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis showed that the main peaks of calcite (CaCO3) are the predominant phase of limestone, whereas quartz and graphite are the crystalline phase of anthracite coal. The presence of calcium oxide (CaO) as the major composition indicated that limestone demonstrates a good ability for cation exchange. FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the functional groups present on the limestone surface are mostly hydrophilic groups, and anthracite exhibits hydrophobic characteristic. Limestone has the potential to adsorb heavy metal pollutants, whereas anthracite has the capability to adsorb organic pollutants. Therefore, the two filter materials can be used as alternatives to remove pollutants in treating groundwater.
The Impact of Water-Related Challenges on Rural Communities Food Security Initiatives
Authors: Nephawe Ndivhoniswani , Mwale Marizvikuru , Zuwarimwe Jethro , Tjale Malose Moses
Published: January 2021

Water scarcity has been a critical concern in many countries of the world. The same concern has been discussed, analyzed and researched at different platforms to find better solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, and in most cases water scarcity directly influence food security in terms of food production. South Africa, being one of the water scarce countries that derives its food from the agricultural sector; water scarcity remains at the centre stage of the national socioeconomic debate. Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in many countries such as Zimbabwe and Ethiopia particularly for the farmers. However, there is insufficient information on the impact of water scarcity challenges on rural communities’ food security initiatives. This review is focused on unearthing water scarcity challenges in rural communities, their impact on agriculture and ultimately food security initiatives. This paves way for possible research areas, practical implications and strategies to mitigate water security effects on food security.
Biochemical markers in differentiating gallstones pancreatitis from non-gallstone pancreatitis
Authors: Alghamdi Masoud , Alrashdi Afnan Hassan , Almaghamsi Addi Hatem , Alamri Atif Essa , Abdulrashid Bushra Ahmad , Sabban Zaini Mohammedsaeed , Alhassan Abdullah Lafi , Alanazi Fahad Salem , Abanmi Sulaiman Abdelaziz , Alghamdi Fayez Dhyefallah , Alshammari Layla Khalid , Hussein Al-Hassan Mohammed Ba
Published: January 2021

Acute pancreatitis has many causes; however, the most common cause of pancreatitis is gallstones globally. We have searched for relevant studies in this field aiming at establishing a short review about the usefulness of biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and the relevant biomarkers and tests that can differentiate acute gallstone pancreatitis from other etiologies. It is worth mentioning that for the diagnosis and prognosis of biliary pancreatitis, radiological and laboratory diagnosis plays a major role in this field. Three biomarkers including serum amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen are the most important and most frequently noticed biomarkers in association with acute pancreatitis. Serum amylase has a specificity rate of 95% and a sensitivity of 61% when it measures more than 1000 IU/l which is three times as high as the normal level. However, it can be also found in other intrabdominal inflammatory conditions, and therefore, it cannot be used alone in the diagnosis. It has been reported that the specificity and sensitivity were 95% and 94%, respectively, for detecting high trypsinogen-2 levels in the patients’ urinary samples, which were indicative of acute pancreatitis. For the diagnosis of biliary pancreatitis, liver function tests should be assessed. Although they might be specific, they are not always diagnostic in some cases, and therefore, other approaches for detecting gallstones as ultrasonography and MRCP should be considered together with the liver enzymes for an appropriate diagnosis.
Effect of COVID-19 on congenital heart disease children: a literature review
Authors: Ali Mahmoud Ibrahim , Alkhuzaie Hisham Fayiz , Alhashim Saleh Abbas , Hassan Hadeel Abdulhameed , Tawhari Amal Hassan , Al Aqili Mariam Ali , Abdulqader Ahmad Khaled , Hegaze Mohamed Sadek , Alturkistani Saleh Mahdi , Hameed Abdulrahman Muneer , Radin Aishah Ahmad , Shabrawishi Mlouk Bassam , Almadani Shrouq Abdulaziz
Published: January 2021

Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth defects and have variable levels of severity. Some studies showed that CHD increases the odds of COVID-19 realted complications; however, others suggested that there is no such a correlation. Due to the aforementioned lack of evidence, we aim in this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of COVID-19 infection on CHD patients. For that, an extensive literature search of Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases was performed using the medical subject headings or a combination of all possible related terms. Patients diagnosed with both CHD and COVID-19 infection has reported that CHD patients, especially those with a genetic syndrome, are at high risk to develop moderate to severe symptoms. Moreover, CHD surgeries were postponed or even canceled, with a decline in overall admission days, due to hospital protocol or pateints’ decisions. Also, the findings suggested that congenital heart surgeries can be safely done during the pandemic when there is case volume limitation, with the safety precautions are followed by both surgical staff and patients. In conclusion, the scarce evidence along with the variety in CHD types and their different clinical presentations; makes it hard to predict the outcomes and to manage CHD-COVID-19 co-morbid children. More studies are needed to guide management plans in this particular context.
Attenuation of Haemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation with Three Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine - A Randomised Prospective Control Trial
Authors: Das Mousumi , Das Saswati , Mishra Debashish , Maharana Pradip Kumar
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND We wanted to study the attenuation of haemodynamic stress responses during laryngoscopy and intubation using safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidine. METHODS In this prospective double-blind placebo control interventional study, 120 patients of ASA-I and ASA-II scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were divided randomly into four equal groups. Group A, group B, and group C received 0.5 mcg / Kg, 0.75 mcg / Kg and 1 mcg / Kg of dexmedetomidine intra venous (IV) respectively and Group D received 10 mL normal saline (NS) IV as bolus prior to induction of anaesthesia. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded before administration of the study drug, at 5 min with ongoing infusion of study drug, after completion of the study drug (at 10 min.), immediately after induction, during intubation, every minute thereafter up to 5 mins then 10 min after intubation. Data was analysed using SPSS. RESULTS Groups were well matched for their demographic data. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among different doses of dexmedetomidine and normal saline in haemodynamics from infusion of drugs to tracheal intubation and up to 10 minutes after intubation. There were no such adverse effects (hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and fall in oxygen saturation) in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg / Kg loading dose is the safe and effective dose to attenuate haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. KEYWORDS Haemodynamic Responses, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, General Anaesthesia, Dexmedetomidine
Assessment of Masseter Muscle Thickness in OSMF Patients - A Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Naik Choubarga , Panda Bimal Krishna , Avijeeta Anisha , Pattnaik Barnanshu , Dany Subha Soumya , Panda Sujata , Agrawal Akriti , Sasmal Alok Ranjan
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is the most common precancerous lesion, prevalent mostly in South East Asia. The habit of betel nut or gutkha chewing is the main cause for this. There is a direct association between gutkha chewing habit and development of OSMF, the reason being exaggerated forces on the masseter muscle due to vigorous chewing for prolonged period of time. So, the present study was done to evaluate the thickness of masseter muscle in OSMF patients. METHODS A total of 25 subjects were included in the study from January 2015 to December 2017. 25 OSMF patients belonging to the age group of 25-50 years who attended the outpatient department of Veer Surendra Sai Medical College and Hospital, Burla, with masseteric hypertrophy and betelnut or gutkha chewing habit for more than 5 years, were included in the study. The computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained using Siemens Somatom Sensation 4-slice CT scanner. During the scanning period, the patients were asked to keep their mouth gently closed and relaxed. Axial sections of the CT scans were assessed for masseter muscles. The thickness of the muscle was calculated using image-analysing software and the measurements made were in millimeter (mm). Tabulation was done and statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The thickness of masseter muscle of right side was found to be more than the left side in all patients except for one patient and the outcome was statistically significant with one tailed p value < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS The duration and frequency of the habit were found to be directly proportional to masseter muscle thickness and also with the clinical progression of the disease. Similarly, we also concluded from our study that there exists an association of masseter muscle hypertrophy with OSMF, and CT scan meas KEYWORDS OSMF, Masseter Muscle, CT Scan
Environmental Vector Control Practices among Households of Patients with Dengue Fever during the Epidemic of 2018 in Kerala, India
Authors: Sujatha Chintha , Sudha Reshma Rajan , Krishnankutty Sreejith Lalitha , Chandrasekharan Prajitha Kannamkottapilly
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Kerala. Vector control measures practiced at household level is the most cost-effective way of controlling dengue. This study aims to assess environmental measures of vector control practised among households of suspected or confirmed dengue patients in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. METHODS A cross sectional study was done among households of patients diagnosed with dengue fever and reported in Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) in Thiruvananthapuram district from June to December 2018. Investigators interviewed the household members and made direct observations to collect data on vector control practices using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 108 houses were surveyed. Potential breeding habitats were found in 58 (53.7 %) houses. Aedes larva was found in containers from four (3.7 %) houses. Dry day observance was not regular with only 5 (4.6 %) houses practicing it weekly. Waste management practiced was proper in 47 (43.5 %) houses. Community level pre monsoon preparedness for epidemics was done in the vicinity of 53 (49.1 %) houses and it was found to be a protective factor against presence of breeding habitats in and around houses (p = 0.013). Low education (p = 0.012) and low occupational status (p = 0.017) were found to be significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Even during an epidemic, with occurrence of infections in the family, only half of the households are practising adequate vector control methods. Community level interventions and targeted information education campaign will help improve practice of environmental methods of vector control in dengue. KEYWORDS Dengue, Vector Control, Aedes Control, Environmental Methods, Community Interventions
Clinical and immunological comparisons of the results of testing for COVID-19 of employees of an outpatient medical organization of a large industrial centre during a pandemic
Authors: Obukhova O. O. , Trunov A. N. , Gorbenko O. M. , Shvayuk A. P. , Ryabichenko T. I. , Skosyreva G A. , Obukhov A. V.
Published: January 2021

Aim. To determine the presence or absence of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens in outpatient clinic staff and to compare clinical and immunological features from April to August 2020.Materials and Methods. The control group comprised 386 employees of the Novosibirsk City Clinical Polyclinic №13.The determination of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens in blood serum was performed by using the ELISA method. A real time method of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction was used to extract RNA SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs.Results. Specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens were detected in 32 (8.42%) employees of the polyclinic. Antibodies were not detected in 91.58% of employees. 9 members (28.12%) had clinical symptoms of varying degrees of disease severity in the group of employees with the presence of antibodies, 4 members of this group (12,51%) had bilateral community-acquired pneumonia with signs of COVID infection, another 5 members (15.61%) with antibodies had signs of ARVI of mild and moderate severity. RNA SARS-CoV-2 in the group of employees with the presence of antibodies and clinical implications was not detected in any case; 23 (71.88%) members with the presence of IgG-antibodies did not have clinical implications of the disease.Conclusion. The presence of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in employees with clinical implications of COVID-19 without detection of the RNA virus in the biological material is a retrospective confirmation of the etiology of the transferred infection. The detection of specific antibodies in persons who did not have clinical implications can serve as confirmation of the asymptomatic course of the transferred coronavirus infection.