bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and wear properties of epoxy matrix composite reinforced with varying ratios of solid glass microspheres
Authors: Bhatia Sunny , Angra Surjit , Khan Sabah
Published: August 2019

This research work is carried out to study the mechanical and wear behaviour of inorganic particle filled polymers. Epoxy matrix filled with varying ratios of Solid glass microspheres (SGM) were fabricated using mechanical stirring process. The weight percentage of SGM were varied from 0 – 30, with a step size of 5wt%. Effect of weight percentage of SGM particles on bending strength, compression strength and compression modulus of the composites was evaluated. The Wear resistance of the composites against En-32 steel disk, was evaluated in terms of mass loss for various ratios of SGM using pin-on-disk test rig. Besides these, density of the composites was also evaluated. Mechanical and wear properties of the composites were improved by adding suitable percentage of the filler. Moreover density increased with the increase in percentage of SGM particles in the composites.
A Theoretical analysis on Electro Chemical Discharge Machining using Taguchi Method
Authors: Charak Abhishek , Jawalkar C S
Published: August 2019

The Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a growing machining process that develops from the processes like electrochemical machining (ECM) and electric discharge machining (EDM), used in micro machining of usually non-conductive materials such as quartz, glass, composites and ceramics. In recently time the need of non-conductive materials has been grown rapidly in the field of aerospace, medical, electrical and optical applications. Such as these applications implicate machining with higher reliability and higher accuracy, ECDM process has lavish scope in this area. Some further methods also that can machine non-conductive materials but they have certain limitations. In the current time ECDM is an emerging process, continuously researchers are trying to improve and amend it as a better way for non-conducting materials. Currently this paper carried out a study on continuous improvements in ECDM in machining of glass in the ECDM, has been show their effect on material removal (MR). A Taguchi analysis on machining of borosilicate glass has also been obtained, wherein it is illustrated that increase in feed rate and electrolyte concentration increases the MR.
Optimal location of cutout within a cross-ply laminated cantilever beam for maximum lateral buckling load
Authors: Choudhary Prashant Kumar , Mahato PK , Jana Prasun
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the location optimization of a cutout within a laminated cantilever beam for maximizing the lateral buckling load. Various shapes of cutout, such as circular, elliptical, triangular, are generally used in structural components as a design requirement or sometime to reduce the overall weight of the structures. In this study, a laminated cantilever beam, with a single cutout, is considered. The beam is subjected to a concentrated load at the free end. The objective is to obtain the optimal location of the cutout which resist maximum lateral buckling load. For this an optimization routine has been used in which a finite element calculation of critical lateral buckling load in ANSYS is coupled with an in-built global optimization tool (Genetic Algorithm) in MATLAB. The optimal results are reported for various cases arising from change of geometry and material properties of the plate. It has been concluded that the position of cutout in the laminated beam plays a significant role while designing against lateral buckling load.
Assessment of desiccant assisted compression and absorption based air-conditioning systems for hot-dry and composite climates
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Das Ranjan
Published: August 2019

Air-conditioning inside residential and commercial buildings shows considerable amount of energy consumption among other energy consuming components. The present study is aimed at discussing the performance of desiccant integrated air-conditioning systems using solar energy and biomass resources through EnergyPlus simulations. Validations of the selected building and system are done with codes and standards available in the literature. Conventionally available high grade electricity is used as an auxiliary source. In this work, the study is carried out for hot-dry and composite climates using desiccant and indirect evaporative cooling assisted compression and absorption based air-conditioning systems. Performance parameters in terms of heat energy, electricity consumption and the coefficient of performance are studied. From the simulation results, it is envisaged that absorption-based air-conditioning system possesses more electricity saving potential than compression-based system for achieving the same thermal comfort condition. It is found that, as compared to compression-based system, 46.57% and 46.14% electricity savings can be acquired using absorption-based technology for hot-dry and composite climates, respectively.
Effect of thermal performance on melting and solidification of lauric acid PCM in cylindrical thermal energy storage
Authors: Yadav C , Sahoo R R
Published: August 2019

In this experimental study, a designed vertical shell and tube type thermal energy storage system, with the effect of natural convection during melting and solidification process is investigated. The temperature variation at different positions both in axial and radial locations are measured during melting and solidification process of lauric acid PCM. Results revealed that 0.4 kg of lauric acid PCM required the time of 4800 seconds for completion of the melting process (i.e., liquid fraction=1) within the predicted designed cylindrical thermal energy storage system. Fourier number, Rayleigh number, and Nussult number justified that natural convection occurs in the designed thermal energy storage system. Due to 7.91% increment in the thermal gradient, energy storage rate is greater 8.012% at axial height 0.0846m than the axial height 0.0423m. It also observed, after 4800 seconds heat transfer rate decreases gradually and within the time range of 4200-5400 seconds, it is decreased with 6.72%.
Modeling and simulation of rotary-rotary planer inverted pendulum
Authors: Gupta Neha , Dewan Lillie
Published: August 2019

There exist different mechanical structures of inverted pendulum system. This paper presents mathematical modeling of rotary-rotary-planer inverted pendulum system (R-R-P inverted pendulum system), which is a highly nonlinear unstable system. In this planer inverted pendulum configuration, the pendulum is attached to its rotary-rotary actuating base with a pin joint. This configuration of planer inverted pendulum is taken into account, as the configuration can best describe the balancing of broomstick in one’s hand, by considering the shoulder and elbow as revolute joints and such configuration will also help in the study of underactuated robotic systems. The dynamical equation of R-R-P inverted pendulum is derived by using Lagrangian equation of motion. To validate the mathematical model, simulation of nonlinear mathematical model of the system is performed via MATLAB Simulink.
Experimental investigation on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement for nano-structured copper oxide coated heating surface
Authors: Patel G , Gajghate S S , Pal A , Nath U , Bhaumik S , Das S
Published: August 2019

The present paper is based on experimental studies of augmentation of pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of unlike surfaces using water as a working fluid at atmospheric pressure. The test surfaces for the experiments include untreated, treated, copper oxide (CuO) thin film coated copper heating surfaces having coating thickness of 200 nm and 400 nm. The thin film coating is fabricated by sol-gel spin coating technique. The characterization of surfaces is done by considering wettability, surface roughness and topography study by the sessile droplet method, optical surface profile meter and X-ray diffraction [XRD]. The experiment is conducted in a closed boiling chamber and heat flux varied from 526.3 kW/m2 to 2546.689 kW/m2. The augmentation of heat transfer coefficients is found more than 40.60% of the higher thickness of copper oxide thin film coated copper heating surfaces. This is happened due to enhanced wettability, roughness and increase in active nucleation site density.
Impact behavior of pine needle fiber/pistachio shell filler based epoxy composite
Authors: Gairola Sandeep , Gairola Somit , Sharma Hitesh , Rakesh Pawan Kumar
Published: August 2019

Natural filler/fiber based composites are material focusing on the use of natural reinforcement material for fabrication process. In present research two different composites are developed using (i) pine needle fiber and epoxy (ii) pistachio shell filler and epoxy. Impact strength of developed composites is studied which shows that with addition of pistachio shell filler and pine needle fibers in composites, there is increase in impact strength as compared to neat epoxy sample. In addition, hybrid composite with natural filler and pine needle fiber has shown the highest impact strength of 23.33 kJ/m2. Investigating samples further in different conditions (petrol, kerosene, water) for impact strength, research shows that there is substantial decrease in strength in comparison to the samples subjected to ambient conditions.
A study on microwave susceptor material for hybrid heating
Authors: Bhoi Neeraj Kumar , Singh Harpreet , Pratap Saurabh
Published: August 2019

Efficient use of available resources at controlled and potential manner required a systematic approach for the technological advancement and creating product solutions. The proper choice of susceptor material for the desired heating rate is a prime concern for the effective utilization of microwave radiation and lower down the energy requirement. The present paper presents a comparative analysis of three different susceptor materials namely graphite boat, charcoal, and silicon carbide for the use in microwave hybrid heating (MHH). These susceptor materials are tested experimentally with 900W and 2.45GHz electromagnetic frequency to highlight the key role of a hybrid mode during microwave processing. The results claimed that the maximum temperature achieved in case of graphite boat is 350 0C with 70 minutes of exposure. However, in the case of charcoal and silicon carbide, the maximum achieved temperature is 410 0C and 255 0C respectively at duration of 10 minutes.
Crashworthiness of automobile made of HDPE/kenaf and HDPE/MWCNT polymer composites
Authors: Pundhir Nayan , Pathak Himanshu , Zafar Sunny
Published: August 2019

The present work deals with the crashworthiness of high-density polyethylene/kenaf and high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube polymer composites. The purpose of using polymer composites for the crashworthiness is their high specific energy absorption due to the low weight of the polymer composites. The various mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength) of the stated polymer composites have been predicted by a uniaxial tensile test. Further, these properties have been used as the input for the crash simulation. A widely known finite element method (FEM) package ANSYS has been used for the crashworthiness of the automobile. In the present study, HDPE/kenaf and HDPE/MWCNT polymer composites with 20 wt. % of reinforcement have been considered. The CAD geometry of automobile structure is modelled in SolidWorks and further analyze in ANSYS-explicit dynamics. Numerical results are presented in the form of equivalent (von Mises) stress and directional deformation of the automobile’s body panel with respect to time. It has been observed that the body panel made of HDPE/kenaf polymer composite induces relatively higher magnitude of equivalent (von Mises) stress and lower directional deformation by 42.85 %.
The modal analysis of a double disc flexible rotor-bearing system with isotropic stiffness and damping properties
Authors: Bhuyan Abhigyan , Verma Rajiv
Published: August 2019

This paper shows the analysis of the modal characteristics of a flexible rotor system having two non-identical discs mounted on it using the finite element method. It uses the Timoshenko beam elements theory including shear deformation, rotary bending effects and gyroscopic effects. The bearing is considered to be isotropic having translational stiffness and damping values constant in x and y directions. There are no cross-coupling terms. The conduct of the framework is investigated by reference to natural frequency maps and mode shape diagrams. A comparative study has been conducted between this system having isotropic bearings of stiffness and damping properties and the one in which the bearings have only stiffness keeping other parameters same. The gyroscopic effect is seen to be prominent at higher rotating speeds for both the cases which cause the splitting of frequency pairs into forward and backward whirls. The Campbell diagram is computed which helps in finding the critical speeds associated with each pair of diverging natural frequencies. The bearing system represented by stiffness and damping properties shows a comparatively better control over the critical speed range.
Experimental Investigation on Large Scale Diesel Pool Fire in a Vertically Ventilated Compartment
Authors: Tiwari M K , Gupta A , Kumar R , Sharma P K
Published: August 2019

An experiment was performed for pool diameter 1 m located at the center of a compartment which has a size of 4 m x 4 m x 4 m (l x w x h). The door size was 2 m x 1 m (Height x Width) which was fully open during the experiment. The purpose of experiment was to obtain a data of burning characteristic of diesel fuel within the compartment. The large scale heat release calorimeter measure the heat release rate (HRR) and concentration of O2, CO2& CO. The thermocouple arrays are installed at different places to measure the ceiling temperatures; centerline temperatures above the pool, doorway temperatures.The maximum HRR has found 1 MW and during steady period average hot gas layer temperature reaches to 400 0C. The average mass burning rate was maintained to 0.037 kg/m2s, which was compared with other previous conducted experiments for diesel pool fire.
Multi-scale modeling and simulation of natural fiber reinforced composites (Bio-composites)
Authors: Jagath Narayana K , Burela Ramesh Gupta
Published: August 2019

This work presents the numerical analysis of natural fiber reinforced composites (from renewable sources), to evaluate the mechanical behavior of Bio-composites and elucidated the role of micro-mechanical analytical models (Rule of Mixtures and Halpin-Tsai models). Specifically, this study is carried out to perform the Multi-scale modeling and simulation of Biocomposite that constitute of sisal fiber reinforcement and Epoxidized Soybean-Oil (ESO) based matrix. In general, it is difficult to predict the effective properties of natural fiber reinforced composites due to its heterogeneous properties. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) model is capable to estimate the effective properties of Bio-composites. Therefore, RVE model is designed and analyzed based on micro-mechanics by taking the individual properties of fiber and matrix as an input. As a result, the effective properties of Bio-composite can be obtained. Subsequently, a 3-D model of Bio-composite laminated plate behavior is analyzed based on macro-mechanics by taking the effective properties of Bio-composite obtained from micro-mechanical analysis. The obtained effective properties of Bio-composite are validated with the theoretical (Rule of Mixtures) results. The micro-mechanical analysis is carried out using the Digimat (Multi-scale modeling and simulation tool) and macro-mechanical analysis is performed using Ansys software.
Impact response of basalt composite pipe using filament winding
Authors: ManojPrabhakar M. , Rajini N. , Mayandi K. , Subash K. , Subramanian S. , RamaBala Seelan S. Vignesh , Ayrilmis Nadir
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work was to study the energy absorption of composite pipesunder different level of low velocity impact test. The basalt fiber is used for making filament wound composite pipe. Because it offer more strength and a reduction in density when compared to existing fibres such as glass fibres, carbon fibre and etc. Moreover the fibre has higher breaking strength compare to other fibre. The basalt composite pipe is manufactured under filament winding process with the help of epoxy resin and undergoesimpact tests. The pipe is manufactured with 100mm diameter, 6mm thickness and filament winding angle is set as 55degree. In this pipes are tested under drop weight low velocity impact machine and strength of the pipe was examined in different energy level. Impact force, displacement, energy absorption were measured.
Investigation the effect of electroplating and filler material on the tensile properties of wollastonite reinforced ABS composites
Authors: Prapul Chandra A C , Byregowda H V , Gangadhar T G , Angadi Gangadhar , Krishna M
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with effects of wt. % of wollastonite (CaSiO3) filler in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers prepared by injection moulding process and electroplating on the specimens. The influence of filler was examined by the different wt. % (3, 5 and 7) of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in ABS. Filler was mixed with ABS polymer by twin screw extrusion process and pelletized. The composite pellets are used for the injection moulding process and specimens are prepared as per ASTM. The specimens are coated with nickel, copper and chromium with a thickness of 0.8 microns each by electroplating technique. The dispersion of fillers are studied by SEM. The improvements in tensile properties of 5 wt. % of filler in ABS and same wt. % of filler with electroplating components were 66% and 87 % respectively when compared with pure ABS.
Friction and wear characterization of graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene composites against stainless steel: A comparative investigation under different environments
Authors: Khan M Jebran , Wani M F , Gupta Rajat
Published: August 2019

The friction and wear characteristics of Polytetrafluoroethylene composites filled with 15 wt.% and 25 wt.% graphite were investigated against stainless steel under dry sliding and in aqueous environments. A pin on disc tribometer was employed for experimentation at room temperature. The friction performance of 15 wt.% Graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene proved better than 25 wt.% Graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene under all conditions, however the wear performance was better for 25 wt. % Graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene. Moreover, the tribological behaviour of all the composites enhanced in natural sea water environment. An average COF (0.02) and wear rate (1.27 × 10-5mm3/Nm) were attained for 15 wt. % Graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene in sea water; and an average COF (0.0293) and wear rate (5.2 × 10-6mm3/Nm) were obtained for 25 wt. % Graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene in sea water. From SEM analysis it was revealed that the better tribological performance of graphite/Polytetrafluoroethylene in sea water is due to the formation of lubricious films on the surfaces in sea water.
Tribological Characterization of Iron Based Ceramic Reinforced Self- lubricating Material
Authors: Parveez Bisma , Wani M.F. , Ali Md.firdos , Banday Summera , Junaid Mir M. , Mushtaq S.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the effect of ZrO2 reinforcement and MoS2 as solid lubricant on tribological properties of iron-copper-tin composite for plain bearing application have been investigated. This paper includes two studies, one in which wt% of MoS2 is varied keeping wt% of ZrO2 constant and in another wt% of ZrO2 is varied keeping wt% of MoS2 constant to see the effect of ZrO2 as reinforcement and MoS2 as a solid lubricant for improving tribological properties of sintered Fe-Cu-Sn material. The material was prepared by sintering at temperature of 1150° C. The tribological properties of developed materials were analysed by ball on disk test.Least value of COF 0.0421 is shown by sample with 2 wt.% of MoS2 and 2 wt.% of ZrO2. Least wear rate of 0.4581x10-4 mm\Nm for sample with 2 wt.% of MoS2 and 2 wt.% ZrO2.Characterization of worn surfaces revealed abrasive and adhesive wear including third body abrasive wear, delamination and micro-ploughing in reinforced composites. The addition of MoS2 has improved tribological properties, whereas ZrO2 addition not only improved tribological properties, but also improved strength and hardnessof the composite. Maximum hardness value 208HV (701.4MPa) is shown by the composite with 2 wt.% of MoS2 and 2 wt. % of ZrO2. The findings show that the developed material could be used for antifriction andantiwear plain bearing applications.
3-E analyses of a natural gas fired multi-generation plant with back pressure steam turbine
Authors: Mondal P , Samanta S
Published: August 2019

Energetic, exergetic and environmental (3-E) analyses of a natural gas fired multigeneration (NGFMG) plant is carried out in this study. The plant is consisting of a topping gas turbine (GT) block with fixed 30 MWe output, bottoming back pressure steam turbine (ST) block with variable electrical output and utility hot water generation block with variable generation capacity. Variation of topping cycle pressure ratio (rp=2-18) and gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT=750-850 °C) as plant operational parameters on the 3-E performance of the plant of are reported here. Base case performance (at rp=4 & TIT=800°C) of the plant shows that the plant is about 33% electrically efficient at base case with fuel energy savings ratio (FESR) value of 40 %. Electrical efficiency of the plant along with FESR increases with either increase in rp or in TIT. However ST output and hot water production rate decreases with increase in the value of plant operational parameters. Exergy analysis of the plant shows that maximum exergy destruction occurs at the combustion chamber. Exergy analysis also signifies that isentropic efficiency of the GT can also be a plant influencing parameter. From emission point of view it is observed that electrical specific CO2 emission is 0.6 kg/kWeh at base case. Specific CO2 emission rate gets lowered with either increase in rp or in TIT.
Modelling of MRR during Wire-EDM of Ballistic grade alloy using Artificial Neural Network Technique
Authors: Singh T , Kumar P , Misra J P
Published: August 2019

This research work presents an incorporated approach to modelling of WEDM of AA6063using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. The experimental investigation has been carried out with four input variables namely pulse-on time (PON), pulse-off time (POFF), servo-voltage (VS) and peak-current (IP). Material removal rate are measured as response parameter. 3k full factorial design is used to design the experimental runs. It is apparent from this study that values anticipated by developed model are found closer to experimental results. Thus, it ensures appropriateness of model for prediction purpose and smart manufacturing. Machined surfaces are also examined by SEM to critically evaluate the process.The first section in your paper.
Effect of preheating and water-cooling on the wear properties of FS welded AA6082 joint
Authors: Verma S , Misra JP , Gupta M
Published: August 2019

This manuscript presents the effect of preheating and water-cooling on the wear properties of friction stir welded AA6082 joints. Experimentation has been carried out for varying preheating temperature and the temperature of water. After that, wear properties of FSW joints are evaluated using pin-on-disc apparatus. It is observed that FSW joints exhibit better wear properties than the parent metal owing to the recrystallization of nugget zone. Furthermore, it is evident that FSW joint obtained without preheating and water-cooling has better wear resistance property than the parent metal but this can be further enhanced by preheating and water-cooling. The minimum coefficient of friction (0.27) is obtained for the joint fabricated at 1000C preheating temperature.
Numerical study on swirl flow analysis of a modified dump combustor for different vane angles
Authors: Mandal Chandan , Ganguly Aritra , Chakarbarti Somnath
Published: August 2019

A numerical study has been carried out on flow characteristics for turbulent swirl flow in a modified dump combustor with central restriction of vertical ellipsoidal (VE) dome shape. Here, four different swirlers with different vane angle (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) have been considered. In this study, the flow is considered to be highly turbulent and accordingly, the value of Reynolds number is chosen as 1.2x105. The governing realizable k-ε model and Reynolds stress model (RSM) have been used to solve the turbulent parameters for the considered cases. The relevant governing differential equations for the conservation of mass and momentum have been solved by using SIMPLE algorithm with the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent 16.0. From the study, it is observed that width and strength value of recirculating zone increase with the increase of vane angle of swirler up to a certain value. Variation of axial and tangential velocities with radial distance at different locations, have been studied in details for considered four swirlers. Under turbulent swirl flow condition, 45° vane angle swirler is suitable to create both primary re-circulation zone before the restriction and secondary recirculation zone after the restriction.
A study on effect of tool tip temperature on wear of ceramic cutting tools
Authors: Qadri S I A , Harmain G A , Wani M F
Published: August 2019

This work reflects the effects of tool tip temperature on flank wear of ceramic cutting tools during the turning of nickel alloy 718 (HRC 45). Two types of ceramic cutting inserts were used Al oxide (620) and mixed oxide (6050), during the turning operation under dry environmental conditions at various cutting speeds of 145 m/min, 230 m/min and 360 m/min respectively. The Al oxide inserts showed better results at cutting speed of 145 m/min and 230 m/min than mixed oxide. The worn out edges of inserts and micro structural properties were obtained by using SEM and tool makers microscope. The results were obtained after analyzing each test. The wear resistance of cutting inserts were affected by the tool tip temperature at the cutting zone.
Optimization of process parameters during machining of Ti6Al7Nb by grey relational analysis based on Taguchi
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Harmesh , Garg Harry
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the optimization of parameters considering multiple response characteristics during turning of Ti6Al7Nb under the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) conditions by Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) based on Taguchi. The parameters chosen in this study are type of cutting oil, flow rate of cutting fluid and cutting speed. Response characteristics selected to evaluate the machining performance are tool flank wear and surface roughness. Firstly, the experiments designed on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) are conducted and then grey relational analysis is used to optimize both the tool flank wear and surface roughness simultaneously. Further, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been carried out to find significant process parameters. All the three process parameters are found significant and the most significant factor found is cutting oil with 66.37% contribution towards grey relational grade.
Development and comparison of tensile and compressive strength and percentage shrinkage of glass- jute hybrid fibre reinforced polymer composites
Authors: kumar Navin , Angra Surjit , Walia R S
Published: August 2019

Glass-jute hybrid fibre reinforced polymer composites were developed by using pultrusion process. In order to carry out these experiments, an experimental setup for pultrusion process was developed. Reinforcement of natural jute fibre and glass fibre was done in the developed composites. Unsaturated polyester resin as matrix and coconut coir ash, carbon black and egg shell ash as filler were used. The variation in tensile strength of pultruded Hybrid FRP composites were observed due to variation in weight percentage of coconut coir ash, carbon black and eggshell ash as filler. Filler’s weight percentage was variable while weight percentage of unsaturated polyester resin as matrix and glass and jute as fibre reinforcement were fixed. Single filler with variable percentage was used in the development of composite specimens with fixed weight percentage of matrix and fibres. Total fifteen hybrid composite specimens (samples) were developed, out of which carbon black, coconut coir ash and egg shell ash fillers have five samples of each with their variable weight percentage. Maximum tensile strength was observed 76 MPa in hybrid composite specimen namely hybrid composite specimen with 9% carbon black filler and maximum compressive strength was observed 99.44 MPa in hybrid composite specimen with 15% Eggshell ash as filler.
Experimental Study of a Solar Oven based on Evacuated Tube Collector in Indian Climatic Conditions
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Yadav Avadhesh
Published: August 2019

A solar oven system of evacuated tube collector using copper food tray was fabricated and experimental analysis was done to evaluate its performance. The experiments conducted on clear sunny days in the month of December in NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana. The maximum temperature obtained from the food tray was 84°C. Food items can be cooked, fry or bake with this solar oven. Potatoes were baked with this solar oven and kept warm for a time period of about 5 hours and water is heated up to 81°C within 1 hour. The testing of solar oven was carried with and without cooking load. Without any cooking load, the maximum temperature of food tray observed was 84°C. With cooking load, the maximum temperature observed was 81°C. In this solar oven, reflecting sheet is being used beneath the evacuated tube to increase the absorption rate of the evacuated tube. This paper gives experimental results from portable solar oven for water heating and baking potatoes.
Computational investigation of slot jet impinging on a heated flat plate using low-Reynolds number modeling
Authors: Kumar Rathore Sushil , Singh Rathore Sanjay , Singh Sudarshan
Published: August 2019

The present work reports the computational investigation of turbulent slot jet impinging on a heated plate subjected to isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions. The eddy viscosity based 2-equation low-Reynolds number k − ε model of Yang and Shih has been considered. Low-Reynolds number (LRN) modeling employ near-wall integration which solves the entire boundary layer using very find grid near the wall to handle the sharp gradient of variables prevailing in these regions. The Reynolds number of jet at the inlet is 9900 and the non-dimensional distance between the top and bottom plate i.e. H/w is 7.5. The variation of centerline axial velocity, variation of local maximum axial velocity, profile of non-dimensional wall shear stress along impingement and confinement wall, distribution of local Nusselt number along impingement wall and confinement wall, and distribution of Reynolds shear stress in the domain are discussed.
Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable, Fruit and Cafeteria Wastes with Cow Dung by Chemical Pretreatment for Biogas Production in Batch Digester
Authors: Sandhu Sonam , Kaushal Rajneesh
Published: August 2019

Co-processing of organic product, vegetable and cafeteria squander with cow manure by mean of pretreated chemically under anaerobic condition for research facility scale creation of biogas was under taken. The pH and temperature ranges for this investigation were 5.5 – 7.1 and 40°C-50°C, respectively under hydraulic retention time of 42 days. The objective of this research work was to fructify the execution of biological products, vegetable and cafeteria waste in batch anaerobic digester for biogas production.
Tribological Characterization of Cu-Ni Metal Matrix Composites Using MoS2 Nano- lubricant
Authors: Firdos Ali Md , Wani M.F. , Banday Summera , Parveez Bisma , Junaid Mir M. , Mushtaq S.
Published: August 2019

In this study, Cu-5wt.%Ni and Cu-10wt.%Ni two metal matrix of copper having 5%,10% of Ni, reinforced with divergent percentages of titanium carbide (0, 3, 6, and 9wt.%) were synthesized with the help of high-energy ball milling, compaction, sintering. The coefficient friction and wear characteristic were examined at various normal loads of 30N, 60N, 90N, and 120 N, at fixed sliding speed of 0.25 m/s against a harder counter face made of steel, EN8 (HRC 46 - 48) ball under boundary lubrication using a ball-on-disk test equipment. The Cu10wt.%Ni-3TiC composite has a higher value of micro-hardness of 117(HV) and sintered density of 8.036gm/cm3 at 3wt% of TiC. The wear rate and coefficient of friction have been elaborated on the basis of micro-hardness and presence of nano MoS2 in lubricant. At 3wt% TiC in metal matrix have optimum performance of friction and wear caused. The wear mechanism of the Cu5Ni and Cu10Ni metal matrix was a combination of adhesive and oxidative wear and composites had mainly abrasive wear.
Study of effects of various parameter on thermal efficiency of porous burner with kerosene pressure stove
Authors: Sagar Sinha Gyan , Muthukumar P
Published: August 2019

Energy scarcity and pollutants emission are the main concern for world. It is mandatory to develop a device to tackle the energy crisis and pollutants emissions. This paper covers about the thermal demonstration of porous burner with pressure kerosene stove in terms thermal efficiency. This paper also discusses about the effect of vessel diameter and on thermal efficiency. Effects of gap between vessel’s bottoms to burner’s surface on thermal efficiency also have been discussed in this paper. Porous burner with kerosene stove enhance 15 % thermal efficiency as compared to conventional kerosene pressure stove. Maximum thermal efficiency obtained at lower input power. Parametric study have been done in certain operating condition like room temperature, stable combustion, lower power input etc.
Rub impact response analysis of Jeffcott rotor for simply supported end conditions and fluid film bearings: a comparative study
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Bhore Skylab P
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a comparative study on rub-impact responses of rotor for simply supported end conditions and fluid film bearings is presented. A 2 degree of freedom (dof) Jeffcott rotor model is used. Fluid film bearing is modelled using short bearing approach given by Ocvirk theory. Stiffness damping coefficients of the bearings are incorporated in the rotor equation of motion. The equation of motion is solved by using Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. Rub-impact responses are analysed by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and orbit plots. It is found that with compare to simply supported end conditions 6X, 7X, 8X and 9X frequency components are absent in the Y direction response at operating speed ω = 1.3ωn for the rotor supported on fluid film bearings. In addition, 2X and 3X frequency components are present in the Z direction response at operating speed ω = 1.3ωn.
Fabrication of AA2014 with B4C and Graphite hybrid composite by Stir-casting method: study of mechanical and welding properties
Authors: Sekar K.
Published: August 2019

Aluminium metal matrix composites have high strength to lightweight ratio. The AA2014/B4C/Graphite Hybrid Composites fabricated with different wt. % of reinforcement by stir casting. The Welding and Mechanical properties of hybrid composites were studied, and those results revealed that the SEM microstructure had shown the uniform dispersion of the reinforcement particles in the AA2014 with the addition of reinforced B4C and Graphite particles. The impact strength of the composite material is increased from 20 joules to 25 joules in the case of Izod test. Increase the tensile strength of welded composites up to 15.64% compared to base alloys. The hardness increased before welding 12.98% and after welding 38.32% compared to base alloys.
Design of controllers for omnidirectional robot based on the ystem identification technique for trajectory tracking
Authors: Amudhan A N , Sakthivel P , Sudheer A P , Sunil Kumar T K
Published: August 2019

Omnidirectional wheeled mobile robots are gaining a lot of importance owing to its widespread applications in healthcare, industries and various other service sectors. Most of these applications demand the mobile base to track the desired trajectory with the desired speed, optimal time and energy consumption. This work focusses on the trajectory tracking of the four-wheeled mobile robot with omnidirectional wheels. Most of the existing works make use of the models developed using first principles but in this work, system modeling is carried out by the system identification technique using the data obtained from the fabricated mobile base. Trajectory tracking is then carried out using PID and Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) based controllers. The simulation results are compared for tracking errors and energy consumption and the results obtained in real time are presented.
Finite Element Modelling of Temperature in Machining of Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205
Authors: Subhash N , Prakash Marimuthu K , Jagadeesha T
Published: August 2019

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are a group of austenitic – ferritic stainless steels featuring an excellent resistance to corrosion and mechanical strength, which makes them the most suitable material to be used in highly corrosive environments. The superior chemical and mechanical properties of DSSs are a result of excessive alloying which renders them very poor machinability. Low machinability combined with high hardness of DSSs generate high temperatures during machining. Exposure to elevated temperatures induces embrittlement, the formation of unwanted intermetallic precipitates and microstructural changes. The high amount of heat generated also shortens the tool life, leads to higher surface roughness and dimensional sensitivity. Hence it is important to study the temperature distribution generated during machining of DSS. In this work, Finite Element modelling and simulation (ABAQUS) for orthogonal and oblique cutting of DSS 2205 was developed using explicit temperature dynamic analysis and meshing was based on Lagrangian formulation. Johnson-Cook material model has been utilized for defining flow stress of the work material. The model developed was validated by experiments conducted using coated WC cutting inserts and the temperatures were measured using thermal camera and thermocouple setup. It was found that the simulated values were able to follow the pattern of the experimental results. The change in temperature distribution due to the coating on the tool was studied.
Behavioral analysis and availability optimization of complex repairable industrial system using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Vinod , Modgil Vikas
Published: August 2019

The complexity in industrial system design under specific practical constraints has a great impact on the range of prediction in system behavior. The data collected in such conditions lead to the high range of uncertainties and the consequence is a possibility of low system performance. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to analyze the system behavior and remove the uncertainties up to the desired accuracy. For this, the mathematical formulation of the system is carried out using probabilistic approach i. e. Markov process. The input failure and repair rate parameters of various sub-systems used in the mathematical expression are considered as constant and statistically independent. Further, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has been used to optimize the system performance in order to improve the system efficiency. A complex repairable system of ton container manufacturing plant has been considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methodology.
Role of Co-Solvent in the Super Critical Esterification process of Bio-Diesel Production through Karanja oil
Authors: Shekhar Singh Chandra , Kumar Naveen
Published: August 2019

Biofuel is necessity for the today’s era for developing country like India to fulfil its growing energy demand and concern towards the environment pollution. Bio fuel production involve following major steps such as preparation of feed stock, selection of conversion technology and the up-gradation techniques. Conventional method of bio diesel production is of time consuming and sensitive to the feed stock quality. And due to these limitations in conventional esterification processes, Supercritical Esterification has now become one of the most attractive conversion technologies for bio diesel production due to its flexibility towards the feed stock quality, high conversion rate and fast reaction time. Although, it is costlier process as compare to the conventional processes because of its extreme condition of pressure and temperature requirement. So in the present study, the Super Critical Trans-esterification of Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) oil with Methanol is investigated. And the effect of co-solvent on the reaction condition is studied. It has been observed from the results that use of co-solvent could be a potential means to reduce the critical condition required in the Super Critical Esterification process for the bio diesel production.
Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA5086 and AA7039
Authors: Sharma Chaitanya , Upadhyay Vikas
Published: August 2019

Friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5086 and AA7039 were carried out and results are presented. The specific attention was given to microstructure evolution in welds after dissimilar friction stir welding. Single pass, dissimilar butt welds were made using optimized parameters and threaded cylindrical tool, keeping AA5086 plate on retreating side. Integrity of welds was assessed by visual inspection. Initial microstructure of base metals was transformed and zones specific to friction stir welding were observed in stir zone. Microstructure was heterogeneous in the stir zone. The transition boundary had large population of strengthening precipitates than region rich in Zn or Mg. The selected dissimilar aluminum alloys are weldable by friction stir welding with attractive weld properties.
Effect of argon flow rate and standoff distance on the microstructure and wear behaviour of WC-CoCr TIG cladding
Authors: Singh Jasbir , Thakur Lalit , Angra Surjit
Published: August 2019

This study examines the micro-hardness and abrasive wear resistance of WC-CoCr cladding produced by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. The effect of argon flow rate and standoff distance on the microstructure and properties of the cladding was also investigated. The morphology of WC-CoCr powder and its corresponding claddings was examined by FE- SEM analysis. The tribological behaviour of cladding was analysed by using pin-on-disc wear tribometer. High hardness and wear resistance were observed at higher values of standoff distance and argon flow rate. Wear in the cladding is mainly due to pull out of tungsten carbide particles along with plastic flow caused by yielding and extrusion of CoCr binder.
Hygrothermal degradation of mechanical properties of nanoclay based stainless steel and glass fibre-epoxy laminate
Authors: Singh S , Angra S
Published: August 2019

Fibre metal laminates (FML’s) are the multilayer composite laminates of metallic sheets and fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites. The stacking sequence of metallic sheets and FRP prepregs in FML’s vary as per the type of fibre metal laminate and its application. FML’s are the most suitable materials for shipbuilding, aerospace and aeronautical structural use due to better mechanical properties over traditional materials. In the present research, the mechanical properties of nanoclay based stainless steel and glass fibre-epoxy laminate (SS FML) have been investigated. Hygrothermal conditioning of specimens was performed in two aqueous environments at 40 °C and 70 °C for three months. After hygrothermal conditioning, tensile, flexural, compression and Izod impact tests were performed as per ASTM standards. It is concluded that the nanoclay addition in the epoxy matrix of SS FML improves its mechanical properties drastically. It is due to the fact that the nanoclay in the epoxy matrix improves the interfacial bonding between the composite layers. It is observed that the mechanical properties were reduced more in distilled water due to the salts available in seawater that reduces the moisture absorption in epoxy matrix of SS FML. It is also noticed that the temperature has the considerable effect on the degradation of mechanical properties. Higher temperature of water softens the epoxy, results in highest degradation in distilled water at 70°C.
Elastohydrodynamic analysis of couple stress lubricated cylindrical journal bearing
Authors: Kumar Lambha Sanjeev , Kumar Vinod , Verma Rajiv
Published: August 2019

The elastohydrodynamic analysis of plain cylindrical rotor bearing system lubricated with couple stress fluid is performed in this paper. The hydrodynamic pressure is generated entirely by the motion of the journal and depends on the viscosity of the lubricated fluid. In this analysis the static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed against the flexibility of bearing liner. The modified Reynold equation and three dimensional elasticity equations are solved using an iterative approach. A non-dimensional parameter ‘l’ has been used for couple stress fluid. An increase in couple stress parameter with flexibility causes the enhancement of load carrying capacity. The static and dynamic characteristics of journal bearing system with flexible liner are improved with use of couple stress fluid as lubricant.
Pre and post annealing effect on dissimilar friction stir welding of Al 5083/6063 using new pedal shape pin tool
Authors: Suri A , Setia R , Raj K H
Published: August 2019

In the present work dissimilar friction stir welding (DFSW) is performed using a newly developed pedal shape tool at selected parameters to produce joints with good joint efficiency due to pulsating effect and superior stirring action of the tool in the nugget zone (NZ). Dissimilar Al 5083/6063 plates of 6.35mm thickness were welded using friction stir welding (FSW) at variable tool rotational speed ranging between 800 rpm to 1200 rpm and a constant feed rate of 25 mm/min and the weld joints were analysed for mechanical properties and microscopy of fractured surface. Al 5083 was kept on the advancing side during the process and results in terms of Tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS) and hardness of nugget zone (NZ) were compared for pre- annealed (PRA) and post- annealed (POA) plates at 2500C and 3000C respectively. Defect free joint were observed at 1200 rpm for post annealed plates which represents 90% tensile strength of similar 5083/5083 with 30% increase in hardness at nugget zone. Fracture morphology analysed through scattered electron morphology (SEM) images also represents superior strength and ductility combination at 1200 rpm.