bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk-Based Approach in Composite Repair Integrity Assessment
Authors: Abdul Nasir Mohd Aizuddin , Ramli Siti Haslina , Razak Mohd Hasbi , Chik Hambali , Karim Khairol Hazman , M. Suhot M. Afiq , Ahiruddin Abdul Rahman
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the methodology in addressing composite repair integrity management through a qualitative risk-based approach based on Petronas Technical Guidelines, best practices, lessons learned, manufacturing data, design, application, and presence of defects. Recommendations for monitoring intervals and techniques are generated as the outcome of the assessment.

The overall approach of this assessment consists of 5 major steps which include post-application inspection of composite repair, inspection report analysis and evaluation, the risk-based assessment, determination of risk profile, and the development of an Integrity Management Plan. Risk is typically defined as a factor of the probability of failure and the consequence of failure. In this risk-based approach, the probability of failure takes into consideration four hazard categories which are, Manufacturing, Design & Engineering, Application, and In-Service Factor. The consequence of failure on the other hand takes into consideration the effect on four categories namely people, environment, assets, and reputation. The final risk is represented in a 5x5 risk matrix whereby risk can be categorized into four major groups which are LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, and VERY HIGH.

As an outcome of the RBI analysis, Integrity Management Plan (IMP) prescribes an inspection method for a composite repair at a specific interval based on its risk profile. Distinctions are made between application locations to promote optimization and comprehensiveness of the integrity management plan deployed. For the above-ground piping section and vessel, for LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, and VERY-HIGH risk categories, inspection intervals of 2 years, 1 year, 6 months, and 3 months are recommended respectively. It involves inspection methods like visual inspection, coin tap test, hardness test and NDT with prescription depending on risk profile. For buried external corrosion with Low and medium risk, pipe to soil potential measures are recommended at an aligned interval with OPU IMP or 2 years whichever comes first. Meanwhile, for High and very high, CIPS, DCVG, and defect verification are advised depending on the risk level. In offshore topsides and risers applications, is also recommended to conduct a visual inspection, coin tap test, hardness test, and NDT, with prescription based on respective risk profiles.

Through this approach, a comprehensive integrity management plan can be established to monitor the performance of the composite repair while providing an evidential and qualifiable basis for composite repair design life extension. This will be a platform for the digitalization of composite repair databases which can be an accelerator towards automation in integrity management, especially in composite repair applications.
Protecting Shoreline Sensitive Areas and Communities from Oil Spill Risk: Plan an Effective Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP) for Oil & Gas Offshore Facilities Near Most Populated Island in the World
Authors: Mukmin Yuniria , Harjanto Meddy , Setiawan Setiawan , Wagianto Eko Hari , Sahli Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Java Island is the most populated island in the world and consists of many sensitive areas include community, fishery site, mangrove and recreational beach. Pertamina EP Cepu Regional 4 (East Indonesia Region) has 2 major offshore oil & gas platform facilities near Java Island shoreline which are Pertamina Hulu Energi WMO Field (WMO Field) and Pertamina EP Sukowati Field (Sukowati Field) that have the potential of releasing more than 100.000 Barrel (total) of crude oil into sea in case of emergency. Learning from previous oil spill event, it is crucial for the company to control risk that could occurs by establishing an effective Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP) document in order develop an effective countermeasure to define action plan to control and clean oil spill.

The OSCP starts by identifying operation activities with significant oil spill risk (scenarios). Based on PHE WMO and PEP Sukowati oil spill risk assessment, 8 oil spill scenarios (3 scenario for WMO Field and 5 scenarios for Sukowati Field) are identified as threats related with potential oil spill direct impact to sensitive area and communities. Scenarios identified are then simulated in Oil Spill Trajectory Model Software that involves sea current and wind of local condition to predict oil spill trajectory throughout different seasons of the year resulting calculation of estimated time and place of oil spill impact. The OSCP include sensitivity map to identify resources needed. In addition of risk analysis and oil spill simulation, the OSCP also consists of methodology and technique to specify monitoring, evaluation, mechanical/chemical handling, shoreline protection at different type of area.

Major event identified through risk assessment are FSO spill, vessel collision, subsea/export pipeline rupture and well blowout. Major oil spill scenarios occur during West Season (Dec-Feb). According to Field oil spill trajectory simulation, oil spill will reach shoreline 2 to 144 hours after oil spill released. Based on exercise and terrain assessment, the impacted area could be reached in max 60 minutes (Sukowati Field scenario) and 2-3 hours (WMO Field). Each scenario is assessed for oil spill strategy based on time and place of impact, sensitivity, equipment mobilization interval and environment surrounding and determine action needed to contermeasures oil spill impact. The accuracy of the OSCP document implementation and effective emergency intervention will be able to provide a promising responding method to control oil spill pollution.
An Integrated Approach in Pore Pressure Prediction Contributes to Drilling Success of a HPHT Wildcat Well in South China Sea
Authors: Guan Lijun , Wang Xiannan , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Yongsheng , Ong See Hong , Ghosh Amitava , Wiprut David
Published: October 2022

An accurate pore-pressure prediction plays an important role in well planning as exploration targets shift to deeper over-pressured reservoirs. Pore pressure related problems in high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells include well control, lost circulation, formation breathing, differential sticking, reduced penetration rate, and reservoir damage, many of which can potentially lead to expensive sidetracks, underground blowouts and early well abandonment.

An integrated approach can help with better understanding the pore pressure regimes, including generating mechanisms as well as pressure preservation and dissipation processes through geologic time. This improved understanding provides invaluable insight into the different drilling challenges and the strategy to mitigate or minimize pore pressure related problems. Once the pore pressure model is established, the in-situ stress tensor needs to be constrained following a well-developed geomechanical modeling workflow. Both the pore pressure and in-situ stress models are required for wellbore stability analyses to understand wellbore failure mechanisms as well as the design of optimum mud weights. Additional considerations include drilling through faults, which due to the field's unique structural characteristics could further complicate the already difficult drilling condition in a HPHT environment.

This paper presents a case study to highlight the utilization of an integrated approach for pore pressure prediction to reduce drilling risks and costs of a HPHT well located in South China Sea. Prior to drilling, the major risk anticipated for this well, which was required to explore a deep-play at 5 Km MD, was high-pressure (1.53 sg at 4800 m TVD) and high-temperature (172 ºC at 4800 m) with narrow margin drilling conditions. Geomechanical studies that include both pre-drill and real-time (RT) drilling components provided inputs for effective well designs and drilling operation supports. Compared to the drilling of an offset well which had to be prematurely terminated due to continuous high total gas encountered despite increased mud weights, the planned well was successfully drilled to the target zone with no issues even drilling at high rate of penetrations (ROP). This new drill was the best well ever recorded in the block.

The adaptation of the integrated approach in pore pressure prediction has successfully reduced the occurrence of borehole instability related problems and the associated non-productive time (NPT). The drilling performance and well delivery efficiency of future wells will improve with additional operational experience and geomechanical understanding obtained from additional drilling. This continuous learning process will be the key aspect of this project, ultimately contributing to the overall success of the field development.
In-Depth Rheological Evaluation of Gas Tight Cement for Shallow Gas Application
Authors: Agista Madhan Nur , Khalifeh Mahmoud , Saasen Arild
Published: October 2022

Short-term gas migration during the cementing process has been a challenge in the oil and gas industry. During the curing process, the cement slurry will slowly lose its hydrostatic pressure allowing gas from the formation to enter the annulus. The ideal cement should generate gel structure rapidly after the pumping is finished to hold gas from entering the slurry. Therefore, the rheological properties of cement play a key role in designing reliable gas tight cement. Sets of rheological evaluations were performed on four different zonal isolation materials (neat G cement, geopolymer, gas tight cement, and rapid hardening cement). The cement samples used in the evaluation are industrially used for cementing jobs in the North Sea. The flow rotation and oscillation test were executed at 25°C by using a rheometer. The flow rotation test was performed initially and followed by the oscillation test. In the flow rotation test, the slurry was pre-sheared at 100 1/s for 60 sec, continued ramp-up (0.01-511 1/s) and ramp-down (511-0.01 1/s). The hysteresis area between ramp-up and ramp-down shows the degree of thixotropy of each material. Afterward, an amplitude sweep test was performed at a constant frequency of 10 rad/sec under oscillation movement. The test showed the behavior of materials under a deformation phase. The set of tests measured the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) at elevated strain. It also shows the elasticity of the material and its internal strength which could be important parameters for handling the gas invasion. Of four different types of cementitious material, the commonly used gas tight cement had the highest thixotropy and good elasticity compared to other cementitious materials which could explain how it has been widely used for shallow gas cementing. This paper provides an in-depth rheological evaluation of gas tight cementitious material to better understand the importance of rheological parameters for shallow gas and water bearing zones.
Comparison of Porosity and Permeability from Drill Cuttings and Core Samples for Mudrocks: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Sazali Wan Muhammad Luqman bin , Busch Andreas
Published: October 2022

Understanding CO2 migration through the reservoir seal is one of the main challenges in assessing caprock integrity, thereby ensuring safe and long-term CO2 containment and storage. The determination of seal rock properties using core sample analysis or well data is important to predict matrix migration of CO2 to minimise the risk of capillary leakage. However, core samples and continuous well log data of caprock sections are expensive and limited. This issue can potentially be resolved by using cuttings, that are readily available from drilling, with no additional coring cost. However, before drill cuttings can be used as an alternative, rock properties (porosity and permeability) values from drill cuttings must be correlated with rock properties from the preserved core data, for proof-of-concept purposes. In CO2 storage sites, the caprock zone is usually comprised of low permeability mudrocks. Due to the low permeability of caprocks with values <1 microDarcy (10−18 m2) conventional core analysis is insufficient to determine porosity and permeability. We here use helium pycnometry for porosity determination on plugs and mercury porosimetry on cuttings. Meanwhile, the selected methods for permeability determination is an unsteady-state technique for plugs, and pressure decay / GRI method for cuttings, as both methods can measure permeability down to or even below nanoDarcy (10−21 m2). For the proof-of-concept study, we expect a correlation between plug and cuttings permeabilities of R2> 0.8 as indication of success criteria, based on strong effect size from statistics point of view. Using data from literature, permeability and porosity values from core samples match the permeability from cuttings with R2 >0.9. The R2 value for cutting versus plug porosity is 0.95, which is satisfies the success criteria as well. The correlations show that porosity and permeability values from cuttings are comparable to values from plugs and can be used as an approximation for the uncored zone. This proof-of-concept study marks the beginning of a full fledge research study to establish porosity and permeability relationships in caprocks, which can be used as inputs in predicting CO2 matrix migration for safe geological storage of CO2. In addition, this approach can be applied to unconventional oil and gas studies, with potential cost saving from coring operations.
The Impact of Initial Oil Saturation on Wormhole Propagation in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Abdelmoneim Sherif S. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: October 2022

Carbonate acidizing has been used for nearly a century in the oil and gas industry. Despite the numerous research efforts to understand the acid effect on carbonate reservoirs, the majority of the work only considered fully water saturated samples, which does not accurately duplicate the situations encountered in the field. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of oil saturation on the acid volume requirements and the optimum injection rate.

Coreflood experiments were used to examine the effect of the presence of oil on both the pore volume to breakthrough and the optimum injection rate. Three saturations were considered: fully water-saturated, residual oil saturated, and connate water saturated cores. Six different flow rates were tested: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 cm3/min. Cores were tested under both aged and unaged conditions to investigate the wettability effect. The pore volumes of acid injected to reach breakthrough were used to identify the optimum injection rate for each set of experiments. The wormhole shape was inspected using computed tomography.

Experimental results show that the oil saturation improves the efficiency of limestone acidizing by decreasing the volume requirements to achieve breakthrough. The pore volume to breakthrough for all flow rates decreased from the fully saturated conditions, with the connate water saturation condition showing the lowest acid volume required. A correlation between the oil saturation, the pore volume to breakthrough for fully water saturated cores, and the pore volume to breakthrough for oil saturated cores is proposed. This correlation can predict the acid requirements for oil saturated conditions, in agreement with the current literature. Additionally, the oil saturation decreased the optimum injection flow rates due to the change in the area available to flow, and thus, the effective acid velocity in the pores. Lastly, the rock wettability effect was minimal on both the volume and the optimum injection rate.

This work explains the contradicting observation in the literature and determines the effect of the initial oil saturation on the wormhole process. In addition, a new correlation is suggested that can help industry professionals better design acid field treatments to account for the effect of oil present in the near-wellbore area.
Comparison of the Time-Lapse 4D Seismic Characteristics in MMV Between Carbonate and Clastic Reservoirs as CO2 Storage in Malay and Sarawak Basins, Malaysia
Authors: Tiwari Pankaj Kumar , Das Debasis Priyadarshan , Widyanita Ana , Leite Renato Jordan , Chidambaram Prasanna , Patil Parimal Arjun , Masoudi Rahim , Tewari Raj Deo
Published: October 2022

There are many gas fields associated with large amount of CO2 concentrations (>50 mol%) in offshore Malaysia. Development of the contaminated gas fields is only possible if a geologically safe storage site is identified for the storage of produced CO2. The critical component of CCS project field development plan is monitoring of the storage site for the long-term containment and conformance security. 4D time-lapse seismic is key in monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) plan.

The time-lapse 4D seismic has been traditionally used to identify the potential threats associated with reservoirs with enhanced oil recovery plan. The application of 4D seismic would benefits CCS project for monitoring CO2 plume migration along existing or induced fractures. The study was conducted on identified CO2 storage sites in both depleted carbonate gas reservoir and clastic saline aquifer. It highlights two methods applied in the 4D AVO analysis, that quantifies the changes in CO2 saturation within reservoir during injection. The Aki and Richards’ approximation were analyzed for the effect of changes in gas saturations on the seismic amplitudes and the Smith and Gidlow's approximation for the reflection coefficient relationship between the AVO gradient/intercept attributes and reservoir fluid/properties.

The application of 4D seismic would benefits CCS project for monitoring CO2 plume migration along existing or induced fractures. The study was conducted on identified CO2 storage sites in both depleted carbonate gas reservoir and clastic saline aquifer. It highlights two methods applied in the 4D AVO analysis, that quantifies the changes in CO2 saturation within reservoir during injection. The Aki and Richards’ approximation were analyzed for the effect of changes in gas saturations on the seismic amplitudes and the Smith and Gidlow's approximation for the reflection coefficient relationship between the AVO gradient/intercept attributes and reservoir fluid/properties. This study focuses on the different characteristics on 4D seismic attributes for carbonate and clastic reservoirs and discusses to effectively utilize for MMV.
Breakthrough Stimulation Method: Dilation Cyclic Extended Breakdown to Enhance Well Injection Performance and Stimulation Cost Efficiency in South Sumatra -Indonesia
Authors: Proboseno Nayung Galih , Demak Ridwan Kiay , Riviana Rina , Yanuardi Ayi , Parsaulian Sakti , Surya Dayanara , Setiawan Rudhy
Published: October 2022

Water injection is an essential part of brown oilfield development plan both of pressure maintenance or water production management. The high cost and often tight economic margins associated with injection wells capacity require that the chosen stimulation technique not only provides an effective result to maximize injection well capacity but also carries an acceptable risk in term of the project cost and safety. Many well known techniques, such as fracturing and matrix acidizing have been developed over the years to achieve this result and are common in most water injection well operations. The objective of this paper is to show a new approach of stimulation technique can be maximized both of injection capacity and cut operational cost Dilation Cyclic Breakdown is a breakthrough stimulation technique through hydraulic treatment by injected high volume of formation water into the reservoir below tensile stress and above shear stress. The primary design that have led to these technique include the following steps : Certain criteria were used for pilot well such as hall plot and single well of nodal analysis. Operation can be performed by rigless operation and no chemical additive needed, equipment selection is approached by 3D fracture simulator both surface pressure and injection rate correlated to mechanical earth model syntethic. Pumping schedule and the number of cycle is optimized by pressure calibration analysis during Breakdown test, Step Rate Test and decline pressure analysis. It was critical that Step Rate Test and decline pressure analysis procedure be performed to determine fracture gradient as upper bound pressure and shear gradient as lower bound pressure.

Various procedures were used in handling data recorded. Injection and pressure data from each well were plotted to observe the trend in the rate - pressure relationship. Nine injection wells were stimulated during 2020 - 2021. It has been an attractive result both of cut operational cost and increase injection capabilities. The operational cost per well can be reduced to $ 46,000 or 72% cheaper than matrix acidizing stimulation and the total incremental injection rate reach to 14,907 Bwipd or 1,656.3 Bwipd per well. A half of those injection wells were previously stimulated by matrix acidzing method but has not yet improved significantly. In addition, this method is also applied for two oil producer wells in sandstone reservoir as a pilot test. The increasing of Productivity Index greater 6.5 - 8x than initial as a result and has still been observed. Furthermore, this paper should be beneficial to all engineers currently working in brown and marginal Oil Field with tight economic margins to increase the production.
Data Fusion based on Big Data Techniques in Intrusion Detection Context
Authors: Jemili Farah
Published: October 2022

Intrusion detection is seen as the most promising way for computer security. It is used to protect computer networks against different types of attacks. The major problem in the literature is the data classification problem in two main classes: normal or intrusive. To solve this problem, several approaches have been proposed but the problem of false alarms is still present. To provide a solution to this problem we have proposed a new intrusion detection approach based on Big data techniques. The objective of this work is to present an approach of data fusion using Big Data techniques in order to detect intrusions. This article presents how to merge two or more intrusion detection datasets using the Hadoop ecosystem and Neo4j graph database. The main objective of this paper is to build one dataset which combines various datasets and contains all the attack types. This research consists in merging the heterogeneous datasets and removing redundancy information using Hadoop and Neo4j. In final step fuzzy decision tree algorithm is implemented for learning. This algorithm is called SSDM (Semantically Similar Data Miner), it is to classify the data detected in intrusive or normal classes and uses fuzzy logic whose purpose is to generate association rules between the different elements extracted from the database. The K2 algorithm is also implemented in order to learn from data and detect intrusions. Experimentation results prove that data fusion contributes to have better results in terms of detection rates and false positives.
Parallel interrogation of the chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Pan Jingshun , Li Qiang , Feng Yaoming , Zhong Ruifeng , Fu Zhihao , Yang Shuixian , Sun Weiyuan , Zhang Bin , Sui Qi , Chen Jun , Shen Yuecheng , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2022

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), also known as optoacoustic tomography, is an attractive imaging modality that provides optical contrast with acoustic resolutions. Recent progress in the applications of PAT largely relies on the development and employment of ultrasound sensor arrays with many elements. Although on-chip optical ultrasound sensors have been demonstrated with high sensitivity, large bandwidth, and small size, PAT with on-chip optical ultrasound sensor arrays is rarely reported. In this work, we demonstrated PAT with a chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array containing 15 elements, while each element supports a bandwidth of 175 MHz and a noise-equivalent pressure of 2.2 mPaHz− 1/2. Moreover, by synthesizing a digital optical frequency comb (DOFC), we further developed an effective means of parallel interrogation to this sensor array. As a proof of concept, parallel interrogation with only one light source and one photoreceiver was demonstrated for PAT with this sensor array, providing images of fast-moving objects, leaf veins, and live zebrafish. The superior performance of the chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array and the effectiveness of the DOFC-enabled parallel interrogation offer great prospects for advancing applications in PAT.
A Constrained Robust Switching MPC Structure for Tilt-Rotor UAVs Trajectory Tracking Problem
Authors: Eskandarpour Abolfazl , Mehrandezh Mehran , Gupta Kamal , Ramirez-Serrano Alejandro , Soltanshah Mohammad
Published: October 2022

In tilt-rotor UAVs, both the fuselage and tilting rotors contribute to the vehicle's rotational motion. Consequently, the system's dynamics rise to a highly-nonlinear system, making it challenging to find feasible and desired control solutions. The common control practices devise a logic-based controller to switch between different flight modes or map the control inputs to the conventional helicopter-type control inputs. However, they fail to provide energy-efficient fast trajectory tracking, especially in the presence of external disturbances. This paper proposes a general-model dynamic formulation and a two-layered constrained Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy to tackle the trajectory tracking problem for tilt-rotor UAVs. After splitting the vehicle's dynamics into translational and rotational parts, a constrained Linear MPC (LMPC) is designed for the translational dynamic to follow a reference trajectory. We formulate the LMPC as a Quadratically-Constrained Quadratic Problem (QCQP) that leads to a feasible set-point solution for the rotational control layer without violating the physical constraints. Also, an optimizer is designed to generate a thrust vector, which leverages the vehicle's full potential via a continuous transition between the rotation in the fuselage and that in tilting rotors. In the second layer, the nonlinear rotational dynamics are approximated via piecewise affine (PWA) subsystems. A constrained Robust Switching MPC (RSMPC) is then designed to follow the first layer's generated trajectories (Euler angles and the thrust vectors) while preserving the system's stability, feasibility, and robustness in the presence of external disturbances. Furthermore, by providing an augmented dynamic model, this control design would allow for directly incorporating actuator constraints into the problem formulation. We demonstrate the controller's performance and effectiveness via simulations.
Mechanical properties and energy-absorption of integrated AlSi10Mg shell structures with BCC lattice infill
Authors: Bai Yingchun , Gao Jiayu , Huang Chengxiang
Published: October 2022

Shell-infill structures consist of exterior solid shell and interior lattice infill, whose closed feature leads to superior comprehensive mechanical performances yet light weight. Additive manufacturing (AM) increases the industrial popularities of shell-infill structures due to its capability to fabricate such complicated integrated structures. However, mechanical performances of integrated manufactured shell structures with lattice infill are still lack of systematic investigation to guide practical application. In this paper, mechanical properties and energy absorption of AlSi10Mg shell structures with BCC (Body Center Cubic) lattice infill by additive manufacturing are investigated. Both quasi-static compressive experiments and corresponding finite element analysis are conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviors. In addition, two different finite element modelling methods are compared to determine the appropriate modelling strategy because combination of shell structures and BCC lattice infill increases the simulations challenges to predict the shell and lattice deformation simultaneously. The results show that the shell-infill structures have a large improvement compared to the lattice structure. The exterior solid shell can enhance the equivalent Young’s modulus by up to 2.3 times. Meanwhile, increasing the infill strut diameter is more conducive to improvement of specific energy absorption by up to 1.6 times.
Identification of sequence mutations in Phytophthora cactorum genome associated with mefenoxam resistance and development of a molecular assay for the mutant detection in strawberry (F. ×ananassa)
Authors: Marin Marcus Vinicius , Baggio Juliana S. , Oh Youngjae , Han Hyeondae , Chandra Saket , Wang Nan-Yi , Lee Seonghee , Peres Natalia A.
Published: October 2022

Phytophthora crown rot (PhCR) caused by P. cactorum is one of the most damaging diseases of strawberry worldwide. Mefenoxam is one of the major fungicides currently applied to manage PhCR. However, the emergence and spread of resistant isolates have made controlling the pathogen in the field problematic. In the present study, using whole genome sequencing analysis, mutations associated with mefenoxam-resistant isolates were identified in six different genomic regions of P. cactorum. The 95.54% reads from a sensitive isolate pool and 95.65% from a resistant isolate pool were mapped to the reference genome of P. cactorum P414. Four point mutations were in coding regions while the other two were in noncoding regions. The genes harboring mutations were functionally unknown. All mutations present in resistant isolates were confirmed by sanger sequencing of PCR products. For the rapid diagnostic assay, SNP-based high-resolution melting (HRM) markers were developed to differentiate mefenoxam-resistant P. cactorum from sensitive isolates. The HRM markers R3-1F/R3-1R and R2-1F/R2-1R were suitable to differentiate both sensitive and resistant profiles using clean and crude DNA extraction. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance of mefenoxam in oomycetes as well as contribute to the monitoring of P. cactorum populations for the sustainable use of this product.
An information entropy-based risk assessment method for multiple-media gathering pipelines
Authors: Qin Guojin , Tang Shengyu , Li Ruiling , Xia Ailin , Zhang Zhenwei , Wang Yihuan
Published: October 2022

Upstream unrefined petroleum resources and complex operating environments pose a significant threat to the integrity and safety of gathering pipelines. In this work, we proposed a novelty risk assessment method for gathering pipelines. Specifically, the historical failure data were used to develop the fishbone diagram of hazard factors and quantitatively analyze the primary indexes of internal corrosion failure. The risk assessment method was established combined the KENT method and information entropy theory, including models of failure probability and failure consequence coefficient. Subsequently, The welding institute (TWI) risk classification method was adopted to develop the risk classification calculation method for different areas, combined with the area-level safety design coefficient. Finally, the proposed method was applied to 81 gathering pipelines. Research results showed that the risk assessment method proposed in this paper could meet the real safe operation of gathering pipelines, improving upstream energy security.
Radiopacity evaluation of calcium silicate sealers using digital radiography
Authors: Sen Havva Gozde , Yigit Dilek Helvacioglu , Yilmaz Ayca
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity of calcium silicate sealers using a digital imaging method.

Methods

Four calcium silicate-containing sealers, NeoMTA2, BioMTA, ProRoot MTA, and Biodentine, were used in this study. Standard disk-shaped samples were prepared from each root canal filling material and placed on a plexiglass plate. An aluminum penetrometer was placed on a digital radiograph to obtain the irradiation parameters of 70 kVp, 8 mA, and 0.32 seconds. The object-beam distance was adjusted to 30 cm. The grayness values of the tested materials were measured digitally with the system software and compared with a penetrometer to determine the equivalent aluminum thickness.

Results

The radiopacity values of the studied materials in decreasing order, expressed in millimeters of aluminum equivalent, were ProRoot MTA (4.32), Biodentine (2.29), Bio MTA (3.92), and NeoMTA2 (3.83). Statistically significant differences were found between the mean radiographic density values of the tested materials (p < 0.005).

Conclusion

ProRoot MTA was the most radiopaque root canal filling material among the tested materials in this study. All materials, except Biodentine, are compliant with the minimum radiopacity standard recommended by the International Organization for Standardization and the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association.
Cost-effective climate mitigation via conservation incentives targeting poverty: Bolsa Verde's impact in Brazilian Amazonia settlements
Authors: Costedoat Sebastien , Pfaff Alexander , Coutinho Bruno , Mascia Michael
Published: October 2022

Conservation incentives have been implemented globally to support forests and the ecosystem services they provide (e.g., greenhouse-gas sequestration). Paying forest managers can increase local acceptance of conservation, while also targeting local poverty. Evidence shows that the impacts of incentives vary across contexts and scheme designs, from zero to high. We assess whether deforestation is avoided in sites where households enrolled in Bolsa Verde, a Brazilian governmental conservation program implemented between 2011 and 2018. For enrolled settlements in Amazonia, we estimate that Bolsa Verde reduced deforestation by a total of ~80’000 ha, implying 35 megatons fewer CO2 emissions over the program’s duration and with no evidence of a rebound in forest loss after the program. We find no evidence of avoided deforestation in other program sites – either settlements outside Amazonia or protected areas inside or outside Amazonia. Still, the monetized value of the climate-mitigation benefits for settlements in Amazonia only may well exceed the program’s cost across all its regions.
The mediating effects of positive coping for the relationship between anxiety, depression and job involvement among medical staff for emergency assistance in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yang Yupei , Luo Chengwen , Jiesisibeike Zhu Liduzi , Zhang Wei , Cheng Fengmin , Tung Tao-Hsin
Published: October 2022

Objective: We aim to investigate the mediating effects of positive coping for the relationship between anxiety, depression and job involvement among medical staff for emergency assistance in Shanghai, China.
Methods: A total of 69 medical staff for emergency assistance were studied in April 2022.We analyzed the data using the multivariate regression model and mediation analysis method.
Results: Anxiety (r=-0.54, p<0.001) and depression (r=-0.63, p<0.001) are negatively correlated with job involvement. It was found that positive coping was significantly correlated with job involvement (r=0.46, p<0.001). The mediation effect of positive coping on the relationship between anxiety and job involvement (=0.87, 95% CI: 0.39~1.34), as well as between depression and job involvement (=0.63, 95% CI: 0.16 ~1.11).
Conclusion: Our results revealed that anxiety/depression could directly affect job involvement. Positive coping played a mediating role between anxiety/depression and job involvement among medical staff. Public health implications: Hospital administrators should provide professional mental health interventions to relieve the anxiety/depression of medical staff , increase their self-confidence and coping ability in handling COVID- 19 practice, enhance positive coping and motivate job involvement.
Improving the productivity and marketability of Anna apples in response to specific growth regulator sprays under abiotic stresses
Authors: Marzouk Mahmoud , Al-Obeed Rashid S. , Lisek Anna , Eshra Dalia H.
Published: October 2022

In order to improve Anna apples resistance to hot and dry summer stresses (abiotic stresses) to enhancement the productivity and marketability, Anna apple trees were treated with three growth regulators [naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1-methlcyclopropen (1-MCP), and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)] alone or in combination in two successive seasons. All treatments significantly increased the yield per tree, average fruit volume, fruit diameter and fruit weight compared to control (growing under hot and dry summers which received no treatment). All treatments significantly reduced apple, total soluble solid (TSS) content, fruit softening, anthocyanin content, carotenoid content, total sugar solids, and sugar percentage compared to control. Trees treated with 320-ppm 1-MCP + 250-ppm AVG exhibited maximum yield per tree, fruit firmness, and no-reducing sugars and starch. While 20-ppm NAA produced the maximum TSS content, total sugars, and reducing sugar percentage, carotenoid and anthocyanin fruit content, and (TSS)/acidity ratio. In terms of fruit marketability, the application of all growth regulators remarkably declines the fruit weight loss, fruit firmness loss, and breakdown percentage, as well as decreasing polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity at 1-week post-harvest, except for 20-ppm NAA. Additionally, the application of 320-ppm 1-MCP + 250-ppm AVG effectively delayed the harvest for 14 days, whereas the application of NAA effectively moved the harvest date 2 days forward with respect to control. Our results show that specific growth regulator sprays have a significant effect on the productivity and marketability of Anna apples under abiotic stresses
Late-life high blood pressure is associated with enlarged perivascular spaces in community-dwelling Japanese older persons: The Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD) study
Authors: Tachibana Ayumi , Iga Jun-ichi , Tatewaki Yasuko , Thyreau Benjamin , Chen Hongkun , Ozaki Tomoki , Yoshida Taku , Yoshino Yuta , Shimizu Hideaki , Mori Takaaki , Furuta Yoshihiko , Shibata Mao , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hata Jun , Taki Yasuyuki , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Maeda Tetsuya , Ono Kenjiro , Mimura Masaru , Nakashima Kenji , Takebayashi Minoru , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ueno Shu-ichi
Published: October 2022

Background
Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) of the brain may be involved in dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Hypertension has been reported to be a risk factor for dementia and CSVD, but the association between blood pressure (BP) and perivascular spaces is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BP and EPVS volumes and to examine the interactions of relevant factors.
Methods
A total of 9,296 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥ 65 years participated in a brain magnetic resonance imaging and health status screening examination. Perivascular volume was measured using a software package based on deep learning that was developed in-house. The associations between BP and the EPVS volumes were examined by analysis of covariance and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The mean EPVS volumes increased significantly with rising systolic and diastolic BP levels (p for trend = 0.003, p for trend < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the mean EPVS volumes increased significantly for every 1-mmHg-increment in systolic and diastolic BPs (both p values < 0.001). These significant associations were still observed in the sensitivity analysis after excluding subjects with dementia.
Conclusions
The present data suggest that higher systolic and diastolic BP levels are associated with greater EPVS volumes in cognitively normal older people.
Association between with Serum neurofilament light and neurochemistry deficits in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Chen Yuchao , Jin Yi , Hu Zhouyao , Qiu Mengqiu , Li Dan , Cai Qiusi , Tao Chenjuan , Lou Danning , Qi Le , Chen Sidan , Yu Hao , Gao Zhongming
Published: October 2022

Extensive evidence supports the claim that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) can be used as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). However, little is known about the associations between sNfL levels and neurochemical alterations in SCA3 patients. Serum samples were collected from ATXN3 mutation carriers (n = 20) and normal controls (n = 14). sNfL levels, measured by a single-molecule array, were compared between SCA3 patients and controls. We explored the relationship between sNfL levels and metabolic changes via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans. sNfL levels in SCA3 patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and these levels were correlated with disease severity. Associations emerged between the elevation of sNfL levels and lower brain metabolite changes, reflected as N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr). These associations remained significant after multiple comparison corrections. Our results confirmed that serum sNfL levels are increased in SCA3 and are correlated with cerebellar hemisphere metabolic changes. Brain metabolic changes and sNfL levels show promise as potential complementary biomarkers for clinical trials for patients with SCA3.
Abusive head trauma: current practice of investigation and management in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Frank Leigh , Chu Yen-Ju , Kuo Meng-Fai
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a worldwide leading cause of fatal head injuries in children under 2 years. This study aims to present the development of child protection medical service in Taiwan in the past decade.
Material and methods
This study reviews the evolution of the pediatric protection network and the cross-system professional training in Taiwan from 2013 to 2022. The recommendations of Taiwan Pediatric Association on the prevention and management of AHT and the Medical professionals Manual of Child Abuse and Neglect proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare were reviewed.
Results
Considering the impact of the high incidence of severe sequelae and the mortality caused by of AHT, 10 regional centers for child protection medical service were founded in Taiwan to identify, recognize, and properly manage cases of AHT, which is easily overlooked by the healthcare providers. The child protection network across the healthcare, social welfare administration, and judicial systems facilitate the early detection, management, and proper disposition of the children with AHT.
Conclusion
An increasing of the incidence of AHT is expected after the setting up of the child protection network and the continuing cross-system professional trainings. There is more consensus of the diagnosis and management of AHT than before in Taiwan. However, there is no end to protecting children from AHT.
Preparation and Characterization of Carex meyeriana KunthCellulose Nanofibers by Electrospinning
Authors: SUN Ying , YU Yang , LI Duanxin , KONG Weishuai , YANG Feng
Published: October 2022

Carex meyeriana Kunth is a renewable cellulose resource with abundant reserves in nature and has a large research space, but its application is limited and still under development. Hence, Carex meyeriana Kunth is worth developing. Carex meyeriana Kunth's cellulose is abbreviated as CMKC. This study aims to produce cellulose nanofibers (CMKN) from CMKC by electrostatic spinning. The electrostatic spinning solution was prepared by mixing the self-made cellulose solution with 15% polyacrylonitrile, and a CMKN was obtained by electrostatic spinning. The influence of adding cellulose concentration, voltage, the receiving distance, and the pushing speed on the fiber surface morphology was considered. In the tests, the feed rate of the spinning parameters varied in the range of 0.2–1.0 mL/h, the distance from the tip to the acquisition board varied in the range of 10–25 cm, the voltage was 15–25 kV, and the relative humidity was 65%. The fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimal process route was explored. At 21 kV, 20-cm receiving distance, and 0.5 mL/h pushing speed, the spun nanofibers have a smooth surface, a high overall orientation, strong uniformity, and fiber diameter. According to XRD, infrared spectroscopy, and the single-fiber tensile strength test, the crystallinity of cellulose decreases and the tensile strength increases after the transformation from cellulose to nanofiber. Through chemical and mechanical means, we effectively removed the non-cellulose components and increased the cellulose content. The cellulose in the nanofiber is type I. Response surface diagrams help to understand the interaction of these parameters. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is the best fitting model for MB removal by CMKN. The kinetic model is better explained using a pseudo-second-order model. It can be seen from the experiment that the best dye removal conditions are 30℃, MB solution concentration 40mg/L, shock time 90min, 15% cellulose nanofilm removal rate is 63.24%.
Analysis of changes in the infection patterns in black rockcod Notothenia coriiceps helminth community in West Antarctica over a six-year term
Authors: Syrota Yaroslav Y. , Kuzmin Yuriy I. , Lisitsyna Olga I. , Salganskiy Oleksander O. , Dykyy Igor V. , Korol Eleonora M. , du Preez Louis H. , Dmytrieva Ivanna G. , Kuzmina Tetiana A.
Published: October 2022

Patterns of the rockcodNotothenia coriicepsinfection with helminths were analysed to understand the dynamics of helminth communities in Antarctic fish and to test their stability over time. The study was performed using helminth samples (30,951 specimens in total) collected from 183N. coriicepsin 2014–2015 and 2020–2021 in the vicinity of the Ukrainian Antarctic station (UAS) "Akademik Vernadsky", Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, West Antarctica. Overall, 25 helminth taxonomical categories (nine trematodes, four cestodes, five nematodes, and seven acanthocephalans) were distinguished and analysed. A direct comparison of the helminth taxonomic categories' prevalences and intensities showed that nine significantly changed their infection parameters during the six years between the samples. Seven of them (Pseudoterranovasp.,Contracaecumsp.,Ascarophis nototheniae, monolocular metacestodes, bilocular metacestodes,Metacanthocephalus rennicki, andDiphyllobothriumsp.) were found to have a significant impact on the differences between helminth infracommunities in 2014–2015 and 2020–2021. The range of changes in meteorological parameters (water and air temperature and water salinity) was not sufficient to significantly impact the helminth community’s patterns; most community patterns showed a stable trend and observed fluctuations were close to the steady trend. Slight but significant changes in the infection patterns observed in this study might have been caused by changes in the populations of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts of helminths (marine invertebrates, mammals, and birds), which participate in helminth transmission in Antarctic ecosystems.
On the Metabolic Conversion of Salicortin-like Chemical Defenses (Salicortinoids) in the Lepidopteran Specialist Herbivore Cerura vinula (Notodontidae)
Authors: Schnurrer Florian , Paetz Christian
Published: October 2022

The lepidopteran specialist herbivore Cerura vinula (Notodontidae) has adapted to thrive on poplar and willow species (Salicaceae). Previous research showed that C. vinula uses a unique mechanism to detoxify the host plant’s defense compounds. After discovering a reductively transformed derivative of tremulacin (6’-O-benzoyl-salicortinol) isolated from the frass of C. vinula, we assessed the chemical stability of salicortin-like defenses (salicortinoids) and analyzed their decomposition products over time and at different pH values. We then incubated uniformly 13C-labeled compounds in vitro with mid-gut homogenates of C. vinula larvae to determine the metabolism of salicortinoids. The key to the metabolic process, we found, is the initial reductive transformation of the salicortinoids; this step reduces the formation of toxic catechol.