bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic Architecture and Relationships of a Turning Tools Database
Authors: Florea Emilia Roxana , Neculache Cristina
Published: May 2015

Cutting tools selection is a very important and time consuming activity in production systems. It influences parts quality, productivity and timing, therefore production cost. Computer-based approach is conditioned by programming structures and information concentrated in databases. This paper presents the basic architecture and relationships for a tool selection management system in turning processes, which is under development. Relational implementation defined by internal links, is highlighted. The system is constructed using macros and Microsoft Visual Basic. Considering input data provided by user, different solutions for machines, toolholders and indexable inserts are generated. The database is designed to support manufacturing requests.
The Analysis of Performances of an Assembly Line in Strike-Zone Supply Method Managed with Kanban and Conwip
Authors: Gavriluţă Alin , Rotaru Ana , Niţu Eduard
Published: May 2015

The present paper is part of a larger study of the authors, which consists in the analysis of performances of several production systems. On a multiproduct assembly line supplied in Strike-Zone, are made researches on the influence of the method of production flow management, the method of launching in production and by varying the clients demand size on several performance indicators. The assembly line has mainly manual activities, divided in 5 workstations. The line produces two types of similar products. Using dynamic simulation (Arena software) that mimics the lines functioning mode, different experimental conditions are created, determined by the variation of the above mentioned parameters, following the evolution of the performance indicators: average work in process, cost per unit, systems reactivity to client demand and throughput. The obtained results were interpreted and structured, in a manner to help the process managers to take adequate decisions considering the wanted objectives.
New Polymer Assembles with Potential Use as Solid Electrolytes Type Membranes
Authors: Maior Ioana , Albu Ana Maria , Gabor Raluca
Published: May 2015

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes with varying composition ratios were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(metacrylic acid) (PMMA). The acrylic acid monomer with cross-linker was first blended with PVA polymer. A free radical polymerization was then carried out to form an alkaline polymer electrolyte. The solution casting method was used to form the solid polymer membranes. The solid polymer membranes were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM morphology analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that at room temperature the highest ionic conductivity for the PVA/PAA/KOH solid polymer membrane electrolyte system was 4.54·10-8Ω-1cm-1. The PVA/PAA polymer membrane had good mechanical strength and ductility and would be a suitable polymer membrane electrolyte for the alkaline batteries and other electrochemical systems.
Ultrasonic System Design and Calculation for Polymer Metallization
Authors: Amza Gheorghe , Nitoi Dan , Amza Cătălin , Apostolescu Zoia , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: May 2015

Paper presents ultrasonic system design and calculation for metallization process of the polymer pieces. Because of some bad properties like: very low hardness, very low wear resistance, no electrical conductivity and no open fire resistance, polymer parts has to be reinforced with different materials. A new method is represented by ultrasonic field metallization process which has certain advantages. The work presents the analytic calculation for the ultrasonic field and vibration modes of the ultrasonic system used for a polymer base material ultrasonic activation.
Evaluation of Shear Debonding in Double Lap Joints of Sandwich Type
Authors: Apostol Dragos Alexandru , Constantinescu Dan Mihai , Sandu Marin , Sandu Adriana , Stuparu Florin
Published: May 2015

Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to characterize the joint strength and failure modes in adhesively bonded double lap shear type specimens. As bonded joints are more efficient when designed for pure shear, the used specimens consisted of double lap joints to be used for moderately thick to thick foam core sandwich components. The foam thickness and overlap length are parameters investigated hereby. For such an experimental testing setup, in which peeling is reduced considerably, we combined finite element (FE) simulations and digital image correlation (DIC) for obtaining a more complete insight on the peeling and shear strain distribution in the foam, at the interface with the adherend and in the whole overlap region.
The Automotive Vibrations Effect on the Comfort Degree Determined at the Level of Foot-Shoe Composite Structure
Authors: Baritz Mihaela , Balcu Ion , Cotoros Laura Diana , Stanciu Anca Elena
Published: May 2015

A number of issues related to the effect of vibration analysis, developed inside a car, the comfort level led to the composite structure of the whole foot and shoes is presented in this paper. Variants of composite structures consisting of biomechanical system - the human body, foot and shoe variants that undergo analysis are presented in the first part of the paper. Also human body models are presented and analyzed in connection with the surface and place inside the car driving. This study aims to determine the physiological limits of stability of the locomotor system, barefoot and wearing shoes, with or without insoles, over a period of time the car is driven. The experimental system and methodology for analysis are described in the second part of the paper. The third part of the paper presents the results and conclusions obtained from this study and determining the postural comfort degree (PCD).
Considerations in Low-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Cotae Stefan , Popescu Constantin , Iancau Horatiu
Published: May 2015

In this paper it has been sought to highlight the mechanical behavior of composite structures at low temperatures compared to mechanical behavior at room temperature. For researches an experimental program has been conceived and built using factorial method. In this method, as dependent variable was taken the tensile strength (σr), while as independent variables were taken: the fiber orientation angles (θ), the degree of reinforcement (Mf) of the composite structure and the temperature (t) at which the tests were carried out (+25°C,-25°C and-50°C respectively). It has been used a complex experimental installation, specific to tests at low temperatures.
Preparation of Bulk Polycrystalline MnGexSby (x = 0.5-1.0; y = 1.5-2.2) Doped with Co or Fe
Authors: Rusu Madalin Ion , Tenciu Daniel , Zoita Nicolae Catalin , Notonier Roger , Tonetto Alain , Grigorescu Cristiana Eugenia Ana
Published: May 2015

Bulk polycrystalline MnGexSby materials doped with Co or Fe were prepared and investigated with the aim of obtaining new diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) materials. An innovative preparation method was also established. Investigation techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) have been employed to derive the structural properties and the composition of the bulk material.
Basic Conditions for 5-Axis Milling of Impeller Specific Surfaces
Authors: Ciocan Ion , Datcu Daniel , Gheorghe Marian
Published: May 2015

The milling of blade surfaces has been treated in different works, with focus on tool type, process and system conditions, CNC programs, simulation for 3D machining, etc. This paper presents some basic theoretical and practical aspects related to the milling of blades and other associated surfaces of parts like rotors/ impellers, which are found in components of aviation, industrial turbo engines or turbochargers. The relevant analyze has been performed concerning the distinction of specific surfaces of impellers, the distinction, basic relations and determination of critical geometrical parameters associated to impeller and, correspondently, to the milling tool, as well the geometrical parameters for adjusting relative position of certain system parts.
Dimensional Variation of Aluminum Honeycomb Panel on Circular Cutting with Abrasive Jet Machining Technology
Authors: Bulea Horatiu , Paunescu Rodica , Filip Alexandru Catalin
Published: May 2015

The manufacturing of aluminum honeycomb panel are usually difficult. The abrasive waterjet method can offer a suitable solution. This paper presents the results of some experiments on waterjet cutting of circular holes into aluminum honeycomb panel, which can be further used for cutting holes in aluminum honeycomb panel . The main problem which occurs is the tapered shape of the hole, due to the mechanics of the process and the control of the kerf produced by the waterjet. The experiments considered several values of the main process parameters like the pump pressure and the feed rate which have a direct influence on the part machineability. After measuring the parts, there were analyzed the main dimensional parameters of precision to reveal the proper solution for obtaining the required quality of the process.
Mathematical Model Regarding the Processing Accuracy in Milling of Spherical Surfaces
Authors: Neagu Corneliu , Ulmeanu Mihaela Elena , Tonoiu Sergiu
Published: May 2015

The paper presents a mathematical model that allows the determination of sphericity deviation for milling of kinematic generated spherical surfaces, considering the influence of the adjustment errors of the technological system over the processing accuracy. The model highlights the importance of diminishing the adjustment errors and the clearances in the technological system. Also, the mathematical model allows the selection of a processing technological system according to the desired accuracy for the manufactured spherical parts.
Tolerance Allocation Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Banciu Felicia Veronica , Grozav Ion , Turc Cristian Gheorge
Published: May 2015

Tolerance design plays a very important in any manufacturing process because this activity directly influences products cost and quality. In design activity the designer solve the quality problems selecting tight tolerances for components but this generates cost increasing. The practical problem is to assure the high quality characteristics using the maximum tolerances for components that influence them. The paper’s aim is to find optimal parameters setting which assure the desire value of quality characteristics using the DoE (Design of Experiments), and to find a mathematical model and a respective quality characteristic function of the parameters that it was influenced. Using the mathematical function, by imposing the desired tolerance for quality characteristic, it will be allocated the optimal tolerance for components. This tolerance allocation will be verified using Monte-Carlo method.
Structure and Components of a Turning Database System
Authors: Florea Emilia Roxana , Gheorghe Marian
Published: May 2015

Design and deployment of the manufacturing processes are based on complex data concerning product development, process structures, planning, costs. Applications within the computer-based engineering are conditioned by the information system. Storage and use of specific data are concentrating in databases. The present contribution is on the development of basic elements for creation a database system on turning processes, usable in engineering activities. The main part presents the information model that provides neutral data interfaces system for machining processes. Implemented under Microsoft Visual Basic macros, this database system supports the integration of manufacturing requests. Based on stored information and initial data provided by user, the designed database system offers variants of technological elements. Structures and relationships are provided.
Development of Powders for Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Băilă Diana Irinel , Doicin Cristian Vasile , Mocioiu Oana Cătălina
Published: May 2015

The selective laser sintering is a technique used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design CAD data. This technique is used to obtain complex pieces in different domains like machine building industry, automotive industry, foundry and medicine. The selective laser sintering process is used to obtain different prototypes, medical instruments or personalized implants in medicine. The powders used to obtain the medical instruments and for implants must to be very resistant to corrosion, non-toxic and present good fatigue resistance. The powders used are in generally, stainless steel, alloy titan TA6V, alloy Co-Cr and different polyamides.
Experimental Results Regarding Metal Plating by Welding Method in Ultrasonic Field for High Corosed Base Metal Piece
Authors: Amza Gheorghe , Niţoi Dan Florin , Apostolescu Zoia , Tasca Gabriel Dan
Published: May 2015

Paper presents necessity of metal plating in the case of highly corosion process acting on metal pieces. By authors researches, the welding plating method has some disadvantages, possible to be eliminated by using the ultrasonic field. The work presents a series of experimental results obtained in the case of metal plating using welding method [10] with or without ultrasonic field. There were analised the main coupled material resulted functional properties and the final microstructure in the distinctive zone: base material, thermal influenced zone, and addition material.
Theoretical and Experimental Cladding Technological Process of Spare Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Amza Gheorghe , Apostolescu Zoia , Amza Cătălin Gheorghe , Teodorescu Marius , Dragomir-Groza Adrian Ioan
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the process of cladding surfaces required strong corrosion of parts in the chemical, petrochemical and engineering industry. The phenomenon of the factors that influence the dilution that occurs between the filler material and the base material and the technological processes possible to achieve efficient plating. Following technical and economic analysis establishes that process arc welding argon environment is a process that can be used optimally to plating. It presents experimental results obtained after plating surfaces of parts of the petrochemical industry, the functional characteristics of materials resulting torque in all three major areas (base material, heat affected zone and weld material), structural analysis and possible defects that may occur after the plating process.
A Model Regarding Material Removal Using FEM at Ultrasonic Aided EDM of Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Pupaza Cristina , Ghiculescu Daniel , OPRAN Constantin Gheorghe
Published: May 2015

The paper deals with phenomena occurring at the ultrasonic aided electrical discharge machining (EDM-US) of electro-conductive metal matrix composites materials (EC-MMCs-Al/Al2O3p). Starting from the analysis of the cavitational phenomena due to the forced ultrasonic longitudinal vibrations of the electrode and the phenomena caused by the thermal shock, a physical-mathematical model of the material removal process was developed consisting mainly by boiling, vaporization and spalling. Based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), the thermal shock phenomenon, as well as its influence on the material removal process, is described.
Study on Improving the Functional Performance of Linear Motion Systems
Authors: Barbu Stefan , Telea Dorin , Popp Ilie Octavian
Published: May 2015

In the construction of high performance mechanical transmission with high precision in movement and positioning are used ball screws with preloaded double nuts. Among the factors that influence the performance of these transmissions are friction idle torque and friction load torque. Because, theoretically, the friction idle torque is influenced only by the preload force that loading, the double nut of the ball screw, was experimentally determined dependence of that torque of screw speed. Given the set was determined and exposed in the present work, the relation of dependency, idle friction torque, preload force and screw speed. From the relationship thus obtained can determine the instantaneous friction coefficient of the ball screw, a value that is found in the expression of power lost through friction - default transmission efficiency.
Elements Design of the Equipment for the Closing of Shock Absorbers through the Rolling Method
Authors: Telea Dorin , Popp Ilie Octavian
Published: May 2015

The objective of this paper is the design of some elements of equipment for the closing of shock absorbers through the rolling method with a wide range of tank tube lengths and also of the functional structure of the equipment with the shifting/settlement of the damper in the sertization process. Closing damper device is intended by the deflection of the upper reservoir tube. In the paper, the author present his concerns regarding the study and design (parts CAD, the crimping devices) of this equipment which use this proposed technology [1, 2] for the crimping rolling method for shock absorbers reservoir cylinders.
Constructive-Functional Optimization for Modular Structure Configuration
Authors: Costea Aurel , Georgescu Tatiana , Babă Alexandru
Published: May 2015

The industry dynamics in relation to the requirements of technological optimization involves setting the technical means for each objective and stage during the manufacturing processes. For these reasons, development of tools, devices, work and control equipment, as well as modernization of machine tools represent important measures to rationalize production systems and a substantial material effort. Modern technological concepts require multi-criteria optimization, ranking in importance with associated criteria, processes and production equipment. Our theoretical, experimental research and industrial applications in recent years have aimed at developing high performance and flexible processing equipment able to adapt quickly and effectively to changes in production tasks. As an original approach and objective of this paper a mathematical model has been defined, starting from the utility method, which describes and quantifies the performance level of technological equipment according to the chosen optimization criteria. Several solutions have been developed with higher characteristics and certain novelty elements of constructive-functional configuration of modular structures to create supports, devices, mechanisms, equipments and processing systems. Some are already in use as industrial applications.
Design and Testing of Improved Test Bars for Measuring the Rigidity of Spindles of Normal Lathes
Authors: Tonoiu Sergiu , Catană Mădălin Gabriel , Tarbă Cristian
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the design and testing of three test bars for measuring the rigidity of spindles of normal lathes. Differences of the three designs and their direct influences of measuring accuracy are discussed. Both computer-aided and practical experiments were performed for the three test bars to evaluate their deformations upon loads. The last design proved to be superior over the others in terms of accuracy ensured for rigidity measurement of machine-tool spindles.
Organisational Architectures Modelling
Authors: Iliescu Dragoș , Diaconu Ion , Mateias Ion , Gheorghe Marian
Published: May 2015

The Virtual Organisation and Enterprise Modelling have become important topics starting with the mid 1990’s. This relevance comes from the positive combined effects expected by a business process reengineering and the particularities of the virtual organizations that fit very well to market challenges. A more advanced specialization, often found in the virtual organisations, gives a plus in terms of efficiency and productivity by an optimized business process. A particular well developed domain, for such type of organisations, is the informational system that can be seen as foundation for the business process reengineering. The paper presents relevant data and results for organisation architecture modelling. The architecture referred herein apply to enterprise and virtual organisation too, meaning that the improvements obtained by applying the business process reengineering for enterprise, can be foreseen, even with amplified effects, in the case of a virtual organisation.
Analysis of the Product Cost and Price Variation
Authors: Tiriplica Petre Gheorghe , Doicin Cristian , Tarba Cristian , Ghionea Ionut Gabriel , Draganescu Florian
Published: May 2015

The paper presents a method for analysing the variance of manufacturing cost and price components using a scenario method. The analysis model is based on the usual relations for calculus of the total manufacturing cost and final price of the product, by integrating relationships that take into account complex dependencies between different components of a product cost and selling price.
Development of an Information System for the Modern Business Environment, Adapted to SMEs
Authors: Neicu Marian Ştefan , Savii George Gustav
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the development of special information systems for the modern business environment by including new functions and modules developed based on last generation technical means. The research results are of great value especially for SMEs, which have the capability of best adapting to such an evolution of the information system, and, by their particularities, are the most motivated in approaching such an improvement strategy of their own information system. The research proved the possibility to develop a completely new integrated information system, at the highest technological level, aiming to completely support all the information processing in a SME.
A Review of Transition to Mass Customization in Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Mazilu Traian , Tarara Aurel
Published: May 2015

In this paper we have presented some of the major technical and economic challenges for companies that address mass customization as a new strategy. The need to approach this concept and the increasingly larger trend towards mass customization is due to the demand from individual clients of customized products. The importance of the interaction between customer and manufacturing companies that use or want to introduce mass customization as the new strategy brings the client in the middle of the action from the first stage of the process. Increased efficiency can be achieved when innovative methods and techniques are pursued and implemented. Some of the most important capabilities that companies must posses in order to have complete success in their transition towards mass customization are presented in this paper.
An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Servitization on Customer Perceived Value
Authors: Militaru Gheorghe
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to explore how manufacturers becoming service providers by adding service offerings to their total offering. We investigate the extent to which existing internal capablity of manufacturing companies and external factors affect the level of servitization. This paper presents the state-of-the art of servitization within a manufacturing context. Our findings indicate a need for recursive iterations between different elements of separated and integrated processes in line with new business model. Thus, servitization is pozitiviley related to business model and product complexity. There is a need to improve the connective mechanisms and dynamics involved in business model development. Finally, this paper contributes to the development and rafinement of the process to shift from selling products to selling integrated products and services that deliver value in use for customers.
Process Planning in Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Tarba Cristian , Tonoiu Sergiu , Tiriplica Petre Gheorghe , Ghionea Ionut Gabriel
Published: May 2015

The process of the product design consists in a plan for the product, its components and subassemblies. To obtain the physical entity building a manufacturing plan is needed. The activity of developing such a manufacturing plan is name process planning. Process planning is the relation between design and manufacturing. Process planning consists in defining the sequence of the steps that should be taken to make the product. Process planning is referring to the engineering and technological issues of how to make it.
Technological Process Design for the Flanged Parts Using a LabVIEW Application
Authors: Spânu Paulina , Abaza Bogdan Felician , Cazacu Daniel
Published: May 2015

The metal-forming processes provide a high degree of material utilization, a high working capacity, a high quality of the parts and so on. Taking in account the characteristics of these processes and the current requirements of the market economy, it is necessary to extend the research in the metal-forming field in order to develop new solutions that lead to optimization of the metal-forming technologies and, implicit, to obtain the best quality-price ratio. Also, the software for the simulation, data acquisition, data processing and computer aided design are necessary. This paper presents an application developed ​​using a graphical programming language called LabVIEW, through which, the dimensions of the sheet blank for the flanged parts are calculated based on the specifications of the work drawing, checks the hole flangeability and calculates the force required by the metal-forming processes.
CAD Based Drilling Simulations for Al7075
Authors: Kyratsis Panagiotis , Manavis Athanasios
Published: May 2015

Drilling is considered to be one of the mostly used processes for holemaking. Researchers have followed three different approaches for its simulation i.e. analytic, experimental and numerical. Nowadays the direct access of scientists to the Application Programming Interface (API) of several CAD systems led to an increased number of finite element simulations based on CAD 3D models of drilling tools. The present paper uses a CAD system and via its API a kinematic model is created. Different tool parameters and cutting conditions are introduced; a series of 3D solid models for the tool, the workpieces and the undeformed chips are created and the resulted thrust forces are predicted in both the main edges and the chisel edge. The proposed methodology is experimentally verified using Al7075 for the workpiece and HSS for the tool material. In addition, it provides the basis for a series of new applications in other manufacturing processes based on CAD created geometries.
Infrastructure for Integrated Collaborative Product Development in Distributed Environment
Authors: Draghici George
Published: May 2015

The tools used for collaborative product design is based on PLM solutions, integrating BOM, CAD, CAE, CAPP, CAM and PDM software. The PLM platforms are distributed in virtual project team of partners. Currently, the integrated collaborative and distributed product design and manufacture can be supported by the cloud technology, given advances in Cloud Computing. The objective of our research is to develop an infrastructure for integrated collaborative and distributed product design and manufacturing, including software applications, CNC machine tools, additive manufacturing machines etc., dispersed in different universities labs for students’ education.
An Algorithm for Generating Product’s Structure in a Simulation Framework
Authors: Savu Tom , Abaza Bogdan
Published: May 2015

The paper is describing an algorithm for randomly generating the orders received by a simulated manufacturing system. Based on a previously defined Petri Net type representation of the product, there is presented the proposed structure generation algorithm.The algorithm was implemented in a graphical programming environment which will serve also for developing the manufacturing system simulator, so the paper is describing the procedures for generating the records from the proposed data structure.Running the implemented procedure generated a product’s structure with the main components graphically represented complying with the data definition to be used in the simulation framework.
A New Object Recognition Approach Using Combination of Texture, Color and Shape Features
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Aziz K.A.A. , Irianto Irianto
Published: May 2015

This paper reports a new approach for recognizing objects by using combination of texture, color and shape features. Texture features were generated by applying statistical calculation on the image histogram. Color features were computed by using mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Shape features were generated using combination of Shen features and basic shapes such as eccentricity and dispersion. The total features were used much less compared to approaches that involve orthogonal moments such as Krawtchouk moments, Zernike moments, or Tchebichef moments. Testing was done by using a dataset that contains 53 kinds of objects. All objects contained in the dataset were various things that can be found in supermarkets or produced by manufacturing. The result shows that the system gave 98.11% of accuracy rate.
Force Characterization of a Rotary Motion Electrostatic Actuator Based on Finite Element Method (FEM) Analysis
Authors: Md Ghazaly Mariam , Choon Tan Aik , Aliza Che Amran , Kaiji Sato
Published: May 2015

Two types of rotary motion electrostatic actuators were designed and analyzed using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. This paper discussed the comparisons and detailed thrust force analysis of the two actuators. Both designs have similar specifications; i.e the number of rotor’s teeth to stator’s teeth ratio, radius and thickness of rotor, and gap between stator and rotor. Two structures were designed & evaluated; (a) Side-Driven Electrostatic Actuator and (b) Bottom-Driven Electrostatic Actuator. The paper focuses on comparing & analyzing the generated electrostatic thrust force for both designs when the electrostatic actuator’s parameters are varied. Ansys Maxwell 3D software is used to design and analyze the generated thrust force of the two rotary motion electrostatic actuators. The FEM analyses have been carried out by (i) varying the actuator size; (ii), varying the actuator thickness and (iii) varying the actuator teeth ratio. The FEM analysis shows that the Bottom-Drive Electrostatic Actuator exhibit greater thrust force, 4931.80μN compared to the Side-Drive Electrostatic Actuator, 240.96μN; when the actuator’s radius is 700μm, thickness is 50μm, gap between the stator and rotor is 2μm and the teeth ratio is 16:12.
Tool Life and Wear Mechanism when Machining LM6 Aluminium (MMC) with Coated and Uncoated High Speed Steel
Authors: Siti Sarah A. , Mohd Hadzley A.B. , Izamshah Raja , Abdullah Abu
Published: May 2015

This paper aims to study the tool life of coated and uncoated high speed steel (HSS) when machining LM6 aluminium. The experiment was carried out in dry condition with spindle speed of 5000 rpm and 6000 rpm, and feed rate of 90 mm/min and 120 mm/min. Axial and radial depth of cut remain constant at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively during the experiment. Throughout the experiments, coated HSS showed higher tool life as compared to uncoated HSS due to the coating layer of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) provides protection from rapid wear during machining. For both cutting tools, the optimum cutting parameter was recorded at 5000 rpm spindle speed, 90 mm/min feed rate, 0.5 mm axial depth of cut and 1.0 mm radial depth of cut. Some evidence of built up edge (BUE) formation were observed at most of cutting tools, showing the dominant wear mechanisms appear to be adhesive wear.
Mechanical Properties of Rubber Mat Compound via Two Factors Modelling Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ahsan Qumrul , Mohamad Noraiham , Soh Tiak Chuan
Published: May 2015

Mechanical properties of an industrial based rubber mat compound were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). Interaction between two factors: accelerators (0.04-3.50 phr) and fillers (0-18.29 phr) were investigated using a full factorial design. The accelerators consisted of a combination of mercaptobenzothiazole disulphide (MBTS) as the primary accelerator, and diphenyl guanidine (DPG) and Zn-2-mercaptobenzo thiazole (ZMBT) as the secondary accelerators. Meanwhile, silane functionalized hybrid precipitated silica/calcined clay (f-PSi/ClCy) was used as the fillers. Regression models for optimum mechanical properties against the accelerator and filler factors were generated by Design Expert software. It was recommended that the level of accelerators and fillers at 1.77 phr and 0.65 phr as the optimum parameter to achieve tensile strength of ~14 MPa and ~2 N/mm, respectively. Further, a comparison between the recommended formulation and the original rubber mat formulation affirmed that the mechanical properties via statistical design were in good agreement with the experimental results with deviations of only + 8.8 % and 0 % for tensile strength and tear strength respectively.
Electrochemical Performance of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Composite Films Using Electrophoretic Deposition Technique
Authors: Talib Elyas , Lau Kok Tee , Zaimi Muhammad , Bistamam Mohd Shahril Amin , Abdul Manaf Nor Syafira , Raja Seman Raja Noor Amalina , Zulkapli Nor Najihah , Azam Mohd Asyadi
Published: May 2015

This study aims to investigate multi-walled carbon nanotube and graphene composite thin films fabricated using cathodic electrophoretic deposition in aqueous solution. The deposition mechanism and films microstructure were investigated using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and field emission scanning electron microscope. The depositions yield varied by the deposition time and deposition voltage. The composite films were studied for its application in the electrochemical capacitor. The electrochemical performance showed the capacitive behavior of the films in 6 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte. CV scans were verified from 0 to 1 V at different scan rates. The specific capacitance of 29 Fg-1 was achieved at the scan rate of 1 mVs-1.
The Effect of Fiber Size on the Mechanical Properties of Bertam/Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Norhidayah M.H. , Ariff Arep , Yuhazri M.Yaakob
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper was the effects of different fiber size on tensile and flexural properties. Preparation of thermoset unsaturated polyester reinforced with particle Bertam (Eugeissona tristis) was done by hand layout method. Bertam/polyester composites containing Bertam fiber of different sizes, i.e., 15, 120 and 284 μm were prepared. For each composite, eight specimens were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties. It was found that composite reinforced with Bertam having the shortest fiber length, i.e, 15 μm showed the highest tensile and flexural modulus, which were 204.14 MPa and 1826.78 MPa, respectively.
A Conceptual Framework in Determining Manufacturing Complexity
Authors: Wan Mahmood Wan Hasrulnizzam , Mohd Rosdi Mohd Noor Hanif , Muhamad Mohd Razali
Published: May 2015

This paper proposes a conceptual framework in determining manufacturing complexity. Manufacturing complexity is divided into five main components which are product behaviour, infrastructure capability, production planning, information management and personnel perception. These five main components then divided into twelve sub components. Lastly all these components are classified in two categories which are internal complexity and external complexity. These components are interrelated, such that a bi-directional relationship exists between internal and external complexity. The conceptual framework initiated in this paper can be used by manufacturers to gain more understanding on manufacturing complexity. Thus manufacturers can take proper actions to align themselves with the issues brought forth by manufacturing complexity.
The Relation between Manufacturing Sustainability and Lean Production in Malaysian Industries - An Initial Study
Authors: Wan Mahmood Wan Hasrulnizzam , Yusup Muhamad Zaki , Salleh Mohd Rizal , Mohd Yusof Azrul Shahimy
Published: May 2015

A diversity of techniques and practices in Lean Production (LP) as a tool for cultivating a culture of continuous improvement has successfully produced a holistic approach in achieving a high level of sustainability in manufacturing. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the current performance of manufacturing sustainability in manufacturing industry in Malaysia, and the contribution of Lean in manufacturing sustainability. The findings show that manufacturing industry in Malaysia has a high sustainability in social competency, followed by economic and environmental competency. Even though the environmental sustainability is ranked lowest, the result reveals that aiming to have better control in environment and labour safety is crucial in producing high quality products. In addition, the correlation analysis reveals that this situation has a high relation to the adoption of Lean in production operations. A high competency in adapting Lean does not just increase the manufacturing efficiency, but also has a substantial influence in producing a sustainable product. This indicates that Lean is not just suitable in fulfilling the manufacturing function, but has the potential to be adapted comprehensively, primarily in achieving high manufacturing sustainability.
Self-Excited Small Scale Hydropower Generator in Malaysia: A Brief Review
Authors: bin Mat Daud Khairul Azhar , Sapian Nik Fazli , Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Wan Ismail Wan Azlina
Published: May 2015

Houses and small farms in remote area typically use batteries or generator for their lighting and electricity needs. However, with the use of generators, the availability and cost of fuel to power the generators are of the main concerns. Other type of renewable energy such as wind and solar, which is only available for several hours per day; are also very costly. Hence, a cheaper and reliable option is needed. Although large hydropower plant provides electricity for industry and domestic use, small scale hydropower plant does contributes toward providing this basic need to remote, off-grid areas and backup power particularly in developing countries. Thus, this paper focuses on small scale hydropower, self-excited application which does not require river-run-off or dam for water storage. It is cost effective, environmentally friendly and the turbine system can be manufactured locally. Several existing research in Malaysia are highlighted and small scale hydropower is reviewed based on their application on rural environment.
Understanding Time Loss in Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Ebrahim Zuhriah , Abdul Rasib Amir Hamzah , Muhamad Mohd Razali
Published: May 2015

Nowadays, manufacturing high product variety is essential for manufacturing companies in order to be sustainable in a volatile market. However, maintaining a shorter lead time in manufacturing operations is also crucial as the speed delivery becomes one of the manufacturing competitive priorities. Motivated by this issue, this study aims to develop a model of Time Loss (TL) for sub-assembly processes in automotive industry. In relation to this, critical elements of TL will be clearly justified through a thorough analysis of literature study in the aspects of Man, Machine, Method, and Material (4M). In this study, the critical elements of TL is defined as an unnecessary activity that needs to be eliminated or minimized. The relationships between the critical elements of TL are clarified through the flow of activities involved in the concept of manufacturing input-output. Finally, the critical elements of TL are compared to the existing non-financial manufacturing performance measures presented in isolated models (e.g. leanness, agility, responsiveness, etc.). Results of the analysis show that the critical elements of TL can be represented as a holistic performance measure of manufacturing operations that includes leanness, agility, fitness, responsiveness, flexibility, and sustainability.
Conceptual Design of Kenaf Polymer Composites Automotive Spoiler Using TRIZ and Morphology Chart Methods
Authors: Mansor Muhd Ridzuan , Sapuan S.M. , Ariff Arep , Zainudin Edi Syam , Nuraini A.A.
Published: May 2015

Spoilers are part of an automotive exterior bodywork system that acts to create additional down force for higher traction. In this paper, a new conceptual design of automotive spoiler component using kenaf polymer composites was developed using integrated TRIZ and morphology chart design method. The aim is to enable direct application of kenaf polymer composites to the spoiler design to achieve better environmental performance of the component while maintaining the required structural strength for safe and functional operation. The overall process involved two major stages, which are the idea generation and concept development. TRIZ method was applied in the idea generation stage where specific solution strategies for the design were created. In the concept development stage, the specific TRIZ solution strategies obtained were later refined into relevant alternative system elements using Morphology chart method. Finally, a new conceptual design of an automotive spoiler was developed using the combination of the identified system elements. The integrated TRIZ and morphology chart method were found to be new tools that can be used effectively in the concept design stage, especially in cases where direct material substitution is given the main focus for the new product development.
The Implementation of Genetic Algorithm in the Manufacturing Process of a Product for Reduced Environmental Impact: A Case Study of a Pulley Crankshaft
Authors: Syafiq Hazwan , Taha Zahari , Muhamad Razali
Published: May 2015

Life Cycle Assessment or LCA method is believed to be a good solution to improve sustainability in a manufacturing process. This method allows designers to identify opportunities to improve the environmental aspects of products at various points in their life cycle. In this paper, the implementation of LCA through the development of an Environmental Impact Assessment Tool (EIAT) is demonstrated via a case study of Volkswagen pulley crankshaft. EIAT is a tool that aids designers to improve the environmental impact in a manufacturing process by designing or producing products with minimal environmental impact and minimal use of resources, such as the material and energy. EIAT also offers the optimization of design solutions to reduce potential environmental impact of a specific product according to its design features. A pulley crankshaft was modelled in a CAD system where the form is fixed to maintain its function. Pulley crankshaft features, such as the type of material, diameter of pocket, stock thickness and diameter are the parameters that were optimized through the Genetic Algorithm encoded in EIAT. EIAT was validated with Eco-It (an established LCA tool) and with actual experiments. Results show a difference of less than 9% error between EIAT with the results produced by Eco-It and the actual experiments.
The Influence of the Microwave Plasma Nitrided Ti6Al4V Substrate Properties to the Duplex Coating Performance
Authors: Yusuf Yusliza , Rosli Zulkifli , Mohd Juoi Jariah , Nooririnah Omar , Azlan Umar Al Amani
Published: May 2015

Titanium alloys, especially TI6Al4V has been used in many industries such as aerospace applications, medical application and automotive applications. This is because it has beneficial properties such as low density, high strength to weight ratio, low modulus elasticity, excellent corrosion resistance and etc. However, titanium and its alloys have limited use in mechanical engineering applications involving sliding wear or abrasion due to poor wear resistance. Therefore, the duplex coating concept was introduced with the intention of the surface modification process as a pre-treatment of the substrate prior to the deposition of hardcoating process. In this study, plasma nitriding of the Ti6Al4V was performed using a microwave plasma technique at 600°C and 700°C for 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours, then followed by deposition of chromium nitrate (CrN) on plasma nitrided samples for duplex coating purposes. Microstructural analysis and mirohardness measurement revealed that formation of Ti2N and TiN phase indicating the formation of the compound layer was observed for substrate nitrided at temperature as low as 600°C for 1 hour and a substantial increase on the case depth obtained on plasma nitrided Ti6Al4V was observed with an increase of process temperature and time. The duplex coating obtained in this study has superior surface hardness property and improved load carrying capacity of the coating – substrate system compared to CrN coatings deposited on as received Ti6Al4V which was observed in the penetration depth analysis.
Integration of Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Improve the Packaging Process for Automotive Stamping Part
Authors: Azroy M.R. , Ariff Arep , Rahman M. Ab , Isa H. , Sivaraos Sivaraos , Masni A.A. , Zolkarnain M. , Ahmad Y.
Published: May 2015

In the business world today, organizations must be able to respond promptly and efficiently to the changing market needs. Therefore, the flaw in the conventional approach such as inefficiency and time consumption can contribute to product failure in the marketplace. This hinders organizations to provide the performance required and should be improved to respond to the current situation. Concurrent engineering should be adopted to overcome the problems associated with the conventional approach. This paper focuses on minimizing the conventional method by implementing concurrent engineering tools and techniques. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to reduce the wastage of time and costs, as well as labor during packaging process, by identifying the failure of the existing process and choosing a new concept for the packaging process using the integration of FMECA and AHP approach. Failures in the current procedure of packaging process were identified by using FMECA analysis, and 4 new concepts were proposed to improve the packaging process. To select the best concept, AHP was used due to the variety aspects to be considered, such as performance, maintenance, time of development, cost of development and potential cause of failure, in the selection of new concepts. The result shows that the proposed new concept for the packaging process can reduce the time, costs, and labor, in addition to the various aspects considered in the selection of a new concept. This paper presents the importance of considering the concurrent engineering tools in the manufacturing industry.
Controlled Encapsulation of Micron-Sized Beads in a Droplet Based on Pulse Inertia Force Driving of Micro-Fluids
Authors: Wang Hong Cheng , Yang Li Jun , Liu Jia , Dai Zhen Dong
Published: May 2015

Loading drops with discrete objects, such as particles and cells, is often necessary when performing chemical and biological assays in microfluidic devices. The vast majority of reported encapsulating methods of particles into monodisperse picolitre droplets are based on micro-fluidic chip using the standard soft lithography technique are necessary. This paper presents a new approach, not based on micro-fluidic chip, for encapsulating particles into droplets actuated by microfluidic pulse inertia force. The polystyrene bead suspension can be ejected out of a tapered glass capillary in mineral oil drop by drop actuated by an enough pulse inertia force which is produced by a hollow PZT stack. The polystyrene beads will be randomly encapsulated in monodisperse picolitre droplets. The tapered glass capillary has the advantages of good chemical resistance, low friction, easy to manufacture and low cost and is suitable for chemical and biological analysis. The minimum size of the spherical droplets can reach 12 μm in diameter and about 1 picolitre in volume. The percentage of the droplets with single 5 μm-diameter polystyrene bead can reach 40% when the droplet size is 40 μm and the concentration of the bead suspension is 1×107 beads per milliliter. The experiment result can be applied in droplet-based single cell encapsulating and analyzing.