bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pourquoi la philosophie indienne ne doit pas être laissée aux seuls philosophes
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes
Published: September 2017

Des historiens de l’astronomie, de la linguistique ou de la médecine indiennes anciennes, on attend généralement qu’ils soient familiers des contreparties occidentales modernes de ces disciplines. Mais qu’en est-il de la philosophie ? Et tout d’abord, existe-t-il en Inde ancienne quelque chose comme une philosophie dont on pourrait faire l’histoire ? Et si oui, qui en sera le meilleur exégète ? Le philosophe attentif aux enjeux systématiques, ou l’historien sensible aux contextes de production ? L’auteur apporte ici sa contribution à un débat qui agite périodiquement, et aujourd’hui à nouveau, les études indiennes et bouddhiques, en soulignant l’importance de la deuxième approche.
Philosopher en milieu bouddhique
Authors: Eltschinger Vincent
Published: September 2017

Une généalogie de la philosophie en milieu bouddhique indien révèle que celle-ci, loin de prendre racine dans une réflexion exégétique ou dogmatique, prolonge en le consolidant un souci déjà canonique de démontrer l’inanité des doctrines et des pratiques sotériologiques concurrentes du bouddhisme naissant. En d’autres termes, la philosophie en milieu bouddhique – qu’on ne confondra pas avec la « philosophie bouddhique », si cette expression a seulement un sens – possède, dès son origine, un double caractère doxolytique et apologétique qui s’explique par le pluralisme religieux dans lequel elle s’inscrit. Ce constat n’en contredit nullement la sophistication méthodologique, argumentative et terminologique, qu’elle partage avec la philosophie « occidentale ».
Christian anthropology and the National Development Plan: The role of personhood
Authors: Klaasen John S.
Published: September 2017

This article is an attempt to analyse and assess the use of personal responsibility in the National Development Plan (NDP). Some signposts that Christian anthropology can make to the enhancement of the plan will then be suggested. An overview of the development debate will include the development debate after the two world wars, the church and state attempts for social transformation and the contributions of Korten and Sen who represent the peoplecentred and capability approaches. It will be followed by a Christian anthropology that is characterised by personhood and personal responsibility. The fact that constructive and sustainable development is embedded in personal integrity and responsibility will be argued. The NDP acknowledged the shortcomings of the previous attempts by both state and church, and the global development debate. Instead of exclusive economic development, human capital and human capabilities are integral to development. Christian anthropology embeds responsibility within personhood and the two form part of an integral whole.
A stress test for the strong homogeneity thesis
Authors: Mulvihill Joseph R.
Published: September 2017

Over the last 30 years, there has been an attempted return to a particular way of framing and interpreting the primary Jesus narratives. This approach contextualises Jesus against the backdrop of the wider religious world. Proponents claim that the primary Jesus data was culled from a wide pagan template or common stock of ubiquitous religio-mythic concepts. I refer to this position as ‘the strong homogeneity thesis’. Though this way of assigning literary causation and activity to the Gospel tradents has been largely rejected by scholarly community, it has been offered recently by some academics. In what follows, I offer a new way of evaluating this thesis that tends to avoid the shortcomings associated with past and present efforts to establish this way of explicating the Jesus tradition.
A comparison of the antibacterial activity of some African black soaps and medicated soaps commonly used for the treatment of bacteria-infected wound
Authors: Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso O. , Adeoye-Isijola Morenike O. , Adedayo Otunola
Published: September 2017

Background: Black soap is a medicinal product that could be harnessed for economic purpose if properly packaged, and misconception about its traditional use by herbalists is thrown overboard.Aims: To promote the relevance of these soaps for economic development, this study compared the antibacterial activity of black soaps with medicated soaps widely used against bacterial infections.Methods: The antibacterial activities of these soap samples were determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods.Results: In this study, the statistical analysis of the inhibition zones showed that black soaps were significantly (p < 0.05) more active than medicated soaps used against the test bacterial isolates. The black soaps inhibited and killed the isolates better than the medicated soaps at the different concentrations used. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis ranged between 0.125 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus (0.25–4) mg/mL, Escherichia coli (0.125–4) mg/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1–4) mg/mL. The result showed that K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis were the most susceptible, followed by E. faecalis > E. coli > S. aureus > P. aeruginosa.Conclusion: As a valuable medicinal output derivable from organic waste product that could be converted to wealth, African black soap production, utilisation and commercialisation have tremendous economic potentials. These soaps showed significant antibacterial activity greater than those of the medicated soaps. Hence, their use could be a better option in place of commercially available medicated and antiseptic soaps because of the degree of antibacterial activities they exhibited.
Convergence Language Use in Nigerian Prose as a Platform for Human Development: A Study Of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Nzeakor Ngozi C. , Osondu Patience Akunna
Published: September 2017

All human activities are basically language based. This is to say that humans cannot do without language both verbally and nonverbally. Development of any kind cannot take place without language, this is because, it is language that propels human activities and co-operation. Co-operation cannot occur if humans do not observe certain nuances of language use. Language as a two edged sword can either lead to human development or mar it. So, as humans, if we want to develop economically, academically, socially, spiritually, politically etcetera, we should be able to know how to manipulate our language use to bring about cooperation which in turn brings about development. In order to achieve this, the researchers advocate the use of convergence principles in communication. Twenty- convergence conversations and twenty non- convergence conversations were systematically selected from the text. The accommodation theory by Howard Giles formed the theoretical framework of the study. At the end of the textual analysis, it was discovered by the researchers that convergence communication draw communicators closer to their communicants and as a result co-operation is achieved while non- convergence communication eschew communicators. The researchers therefore recommend that language users should endeavour to apply convergence language use because with that, they can achieve any kind of development humanly possible.Key words: Language, communication, convergence, divergence, human development
Philosophy and African Philosophy: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Ukwamedua Nelson Udoka
Published: September 2017

Philosophy is a rational enterprise, which is predicated on culture, wonder and human experience. As a result of this, diverse persons over the yearshave participated in this noble enterprise right from its ancient origins in Egypt and Greece. Hence, it has given birth to scholars who have come into the fray to express and defend their perspective. However, one of the most pressing issues in philosophy in recent past is whether the people of Africa have philosophy i.e., whether they can express themselves like their other counterparts, in other words, is there an African philosophy? This paper in appraising this issue employed the critical analytic method in an attempt to conceptualize philosophy and then African philosophy. From this conceptualization of philosophy, it became palpable that as Africans have culture and experience which are materials for philosophy there is African philosophy; because, Africans like other rational being reflect, express and share their experiences about their world, which can and does give birth to their own philosophy.Keywords: Philosophy, African, African Philosophy, Western Philosophy, Human Experience
Between Traditional Christian Theology and Moral Parables of African Popular Films: Communicating Gospel Values Contextually
Authors: Uwah Innocent Ebere
Published: September 2017

The assumption that films are works of arts that basically create illusion of realities can sometimes be misleading. Like every other communication tool in human history, they do not only interrogate the society but also chart its course as moral compasses leading to self reflection and conscience formation. Thus, they are at times theological communications salvaging the dark themes of human existence with integrating symbols and dramatic parables imbued with didactic narratives that challenge the epistemic ambivalences of traditional theologies. In this chapter that explores the interface between filmic parables and traditional Christian theology, the thrust is to showcase how African cinematic representations resonate with audiences contextually in a fusion of communion and communication that questions the critical faith statements and dogmatic doctrines of theological taxonomies in the presence of people’s everyday hardships. Thus by textualising key scenes in films like Cry Freedom (1987), Act of Faith (2008) and Onyebuchim (2010) this paper reviews the challenges of pastoral and theological communications in Africa and beyond; while calling for revolutionalised demonstration of the ‘search for values’ around cultural meanings.Key Words: Christian theology, Moral parables, Popular films, Communications and Context.
Governance without Conscience in Nigerian Polity: An Edification in Muyiwa Ademola’s Film, Owo Okuta (The Law of Karma)
Authors: Lawal Hameed Olutoba
Published: September 2017

In post independent Nigeria, the perception of political leadership by the politicians and the electorates is that of arquiring power and wealth for self aggrandisement. Political office is thus seen as a short-cut to riches to keep poverty and penury at bay from the families and urborn generations of the politicans. In the bid to occumulate the commonwealth, funds meant for social services and infrastructure are diverted to frivolties. The electorates who should constitute effective checks and balances are collaborators by seeking compensation for their votes through sharing of looted funds, political patronages and appointments. Governance without conscience is what the film, Owo Okuta dramatises. Governor Keshinro (Olu Jacobs) in the film is a personification of selfish leader. The governor who ruled amidst bloodshed planned to enjoy the looted funds with his family after his tenure. But in a twist of fate, that could be described as nemesis, disaster strucks immediately. Governor Keshinro completed his tenure, one calamity after the other befell his immediate family. In his period of trial the former governor regretted not serving the people the way his mandate demanded. The rein lies the need to lead with conscience while in political office.Keywords: Governance, Conscience, Political leadership, Edification.
Quantitative Morphology of High-Redshift Galaxies Using GALEX Ultraviolet Images of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Yeom Bum-Suk , Rey Soo-Chang , Kim Youngkwang , Lee Youngdae , Chung Jiwon , Kim Suk , Lee Woong
Published: September 2017

We present simulations of the optical-band images of high-redshift galaxies utilizing 845 near-ultraviolet (NUV) images of nearby galaxies obtained through the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). We compute the concentration (C), asymmetry (A), Gini (G), and M20 parameters of the GALEX NUV/Sloan Digital Sky Survey r-band images at z ~ 0 and their artificially redshifted optical images at z = 0.9 and 1.6 in order to quantify the morphology of galaxies at local and high redshifts. The morphological properties of nearby galaxies in the NUV are presented using a combination of morphological parameters, in which earlytype galaxies are well separated from late-type galaxies in the G–M20, C–M20, A–C, and A–M20 planes. Based on the distribution of galaxies in the A–C and G–M20 planes, we examine the morphological K-correction (i.e., cosmological distance effect and bandshift effect). The cosmological distance effect on the quantitative morphological parameters is found to be significant for early-type galaxies, while late-type galaxies are more greatly affected by the bandshift effect. Knowledge of the morphological K-correction will set the foundation for forthcoming studies on understanding the quantitative assessment of galaxy evolution.
Chemical Composition of RM_1-390 - Large Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiant
Authors: Yushchenko Alexander V. , Jeong Yeuncheol , Gopka Vira F. , Vasil’eva Svetlana V. , Andrievsky Sergey M. , Yushchenko Volodymyr O.
Published: September 2017

A high resolution spectroscopic observation of the red supergiant star RM_1-390 in the Large Magellanic Cloud was made from a 3.6 m telescope at the European Southern Observatory. Spectral resolving power was R=20,000, with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N > 100. We found the atmospheric parameters of RM_1-390 to be as follows: the effective temperature Teff = 4,250 ± 50 K, the surface gravity log g = 0.16 ± 0.1, the microturbulent velocity vmicro = 2.5 km/s, the macroturbulence velocity vmacro = 9 km/s and the iron abundance [Fe/H] = -0.73 ± 0.11. The abundances of 18 chemical elements from silicon to thorium in the atmosphere of RM_1-390 were found using the spectrum synthesis method. The relative deficiencies of all elements are close to that of iron. The fit of abundance pattern by the solar system distribution of r- and s-element isotopes shows the importance of the s-process. The plot of relative abundances as a function of second ionization potentials of corresponding chemical elements allows us to find a possibility of convective energy transport in the photosphere of RM_1-390.
Development of the Power Simulation Tool for Energy Balance Analysis of Nanosatellites
Authors: Kim Eun-Jung , Sim Eun-Sup , Kim Hae-Dong
Published: September 2017

The energy balance in a satellite needs to be designed properly for the satellite to safely operate and carry out successive missions on an orbit. In this study, an analysis program was developed using the MATLABⓇ graphic user interface (GUI) for nanosatellites. This program was used in a simulation to confirm the generated power, consumed power, and battery power in the satellites on the orbit, and its performance was verified with applying different satellite operational modes and units. For data transmission, STKⓇ-MATLABⓇ connectivity was used to send the generated power from STKⓇ to MATLABⓇ automatically. Moreover, this program is general-purpose; therefore, it can be applied to nanosatellites that have missions or shapes that are different from those of the satellites in this study. This power simulation tool could be used not only to calculate the suitable power budget when developing the power systems, but also to analyze the remaining energy balance in the satellites.
Decoupling of dissolved organic matter patterns between stream and riparian groundwater in a headwater forested catchment
Authors: Bernal Susana , Lupon Anna , Catalán Núria , Castelar Sara , Martí Eugènia
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Streams are important sources of carbon to the atmosphere, though whether they merely outgas terrestrially derived carbon dioxide or mineralize terrestrial inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still a big challenge in ecology. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of riparian groundwater (GW) and in-stream processes on the temporal pattern of stream DOM concentrations and quality in a forested headwater stream, and whether this influence differed between the leaf litter fall period (LLF) and the remaining part of the year (no-LLF). The spectroscopic indexes (fluorescence index, biological index, humification index, and PARAFAC components) indicated that DOM had an eminently protein-like character and was most likely originated from microbial sources and recent biological activity in both stream water and riparian GW. However, paired samples of stream water and riparian GW showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations as well as the spectroscopic character of DOM differed between the two compartments throughout the year. A simple mass balance approach indicated that in-stream processes along the reach contributed to reduce DOC and DON fluxes by 50 % and 30 %, respectively. Further, in-stream DOC and DON uptake were unrelated to each other, suggesting that these two compounds underwent different biogeochemical pathways. During the LLF period, stream DOC and DOC : DON ratios were higher than during the no-LLF period, and spectroscopic indexes suggested a major influence of terrestrial vegetation on stream DOM. Our study highlights that stream DOM is not merely a reflex of riparian GW entering the stream and that headwater streams have the capacity to internally produce, transform, and consume DOM.
Increasing CO2 flux at Pisciarelli, Campi Flegrei, Italy
Authors: Queißer Manuel , Granieri Domenico , Burton Mike , Arzilli Fabio , Avino Rosario , Carandente Antonio
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Campi Flegrei caldera is located in the metropolitan area of Naples (Italy) and has been undergoing different stages of unrest since 1950, evidenced by episodes of significant ground uplift followed by minor subsidence, increasing and fluctuating emission strengths of water vapor and CO2 from fumaroles, and periodic seismic crises. We deployed a scanning laser remote-sensing spectrometer (LARSS) that measured path-integrated CO2 concentrations in the Pisciarelli area in May 2017. The resulting mean CO2 flux is 578 ± 246 t d−1. Our data suggest a significant increase in CO2 flux at this site since 2015. Together with recent geophysical observations, this suggests a greater contribution of the magmatic source to the degassing and/or an increase in permeability at shallow levels. Thanks to the integrated path soundings, LARSS may help to give representative measurements from large regions containing different CO2 sources, including fumaroles, low-temperature vents, and degassing soils, helping to constrain the contribution of deep gases and their migration mechanisms towards the surface.
Sea ice assimilation into a coupled ocean–sea ice model using its adjoint
Authors: Koldunov Nikolay V. , Köhl Armin , Serra Nuno , Stammer Detlef
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Satellite sea ice concentrations (SICs), together with several ocean parameters, are assimilated into a regional Arctic coupled ocean–sea ice model covering the period of 2000–2008 using the adjoint method. There is substantial improvement in the representation of the SIC spatial distribution, in particular with respect to the position of the ice edge and to the concentrations in the central parts of the Arctic Ocean during summer months. Seasonal cycles of total Arctic sea ice area show an overall improvement. During summer months, values of sea ice extent (SIE) integrated over the model domain become underestimated compared to observations, but absolute differences of mean SIE to the data are reduced in nearly all months and years. Along with the SICs, the sea ice thickness fields also become closer to observations, providing added value by the assimilation. Very sparse ocean data in the Arctic, corresponding to a very small contribution to the cost function, prevent sizable improvements of assimilated ocean variables, with the exception of the sea surface temperature.
Do Firm Size Influence Financial Analyst Research Reports and Subsequent Stock Performance
Authors: Lo Huai-Chun
Published: September 2017

This study investigates whether analysts issue more favorable research reports for small stocks than for large stocks. Small stocks tend not to attract investors due to their size, bad liquidity, easily manipulated price, insufficient information, and high-uncertainty risk. If analysts follow a small stock, it might be because the firm is thought to have good prospects. This study finds that analysts report more positively on small stocks, including in their stock recommendations and earnings growth forecasts. The empirical results show that small stocks perform better in the following year than do other stocks but that this is not the case for operating performance. This finding suggests that analysts are more likely to recommend under-valued stocks, but this may not imply that the operating performance of these stocks will improve the following year.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a 13-month-old boy with lysinuric protein intolerance
Authors: Stanley Robert F. , Licata Michael , Sinha Arpan , Wang Yanhua
Published: September 2017

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinical syndrome that can be inherited or acquired. Herein, we report a case of HLH and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in the setting of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) in a male toddler who presented with prolonged fever, respiratory distress, and failure to thrive. On histologic examination, hemophagocytosis was observed in lymph node, bone marrow sections and aspirates. Lung wedge resection was consistent with PAP. LPI was confirmed with genetic sequencing which revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. LPI is a rare inborn error of metabolism and is not widely known beyond the pediatric group. Though the association of LPI with HLH has been previously described, we believe this is the first reported case of HLH and PAP associated LPI with histopathological correlation. Early recognition of HLH is critical to successful treatment and LPI should be considered in any young infant who presents with HLH- and PAP-related symptoms.
The Role of Leverage to Profitability at a Time of Economic Crisis
Authors: Papadeas Panagiotis , Evangelia Kossieri , George Katsouleas
Published: September 2017

This article examines the assets, liabilities, equity, expenses, sales and profits of the Greek technology sector throughout the period 2008-2015. The author is attempting to interpret the effectiveness and profitability of corporations listed in the Athens Stock Exchange in the context of the recent economic crisis through the concepts of operating leverage and Altman z-score. Our results indicate that the above-mentioned theories can be insufficient, when additional factors, such as the degree of expenses-to-sales adjustment, or a more qualitative approach in financial statements analysis is not taken into account as well.
What Works? The Culture of Evidence in University Teaching
Authors: Romero-Perez Clara , Mateos-Blanco Tania , Heras-Monastero Bárbara De las
Published: September 2017

This article analyses the culture of evidence in university teaching and its implications in the professional training of teachers in higher education. The new culture of organisation and assessment introduced into university teaching has brought about the configuration of a management model geared towards results and accountability based on solid evidence. Its implementation means that both administrators and teachers are asking themselves: what works? This study shows that the implementation of a culture of evidence requires the adoption of a pluralist vision of evidence, as well as clear criteria for determining the validity of evidence. In addition, teachers should be trained to mobilise systematic pedagogic knowledge and transform their practice, using available institutional support, the systematic analysis of their own experience, and the promotion of best practice.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 10
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: September 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 10, 2017.
Self-Efficacy, Adversity Quotient, and Students’ Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Suryadi Bambang , Santoso Teguh Iman
Published: September 2017

Indonesian students’ achievement in mathematics is generally still low compared with other countries. Many psychological factors, both internal and external, influence this poor performance. This study aimed to measure the effect of self-efficacy and the adversity quotient of Grade IX students regarding achievement in mathematics. Both of these internal variables have been selected because students’ success in mathematics is determined more by internal factors than by external factors. A survey method was used. The sample included 140 students and was drawn using a probability sampling technique. A self-efficacy scale and an adversity quotient scale were used to collect the data. Students’ mathematics achievement was determined based on school test results. The data were analyzed using multiple regressions. The findings reveal significant effects of self-efficacy and the adversity quotient but no significant effects of gender on students’ academic mathematics achievement. Therefore, an implication of the study is that we must investigate how to improve students’ self-efficacy and adversity quotient in mathematics. The results may be of interest to other developing countries, especially those in Southeast Asia that share similar concerns with Indonesia regarding students’ mathematics achievement.
Symbolic and Verbal Representation Process of Student in Solving Mathematics Problem Based Polya’s Stages
Authors: Anwar Rahmad Bustanul , Rahmawati Dwi
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this research was to reveal how the construction process of symbolic representation and verbal representation made by students in problem solving. The construction process in this study referred to the problem-solving stage by Polya covering; 1) understanding the problem, 2) devising a plan, 3) carrying outthe plan, and 4) looking back. This research was qualitative research by getting involved 4 students of Junior High School class VIII. This study obtained results that the construction process of symbolic representation made by students since in the process of understanding the problem. In understanding the problem, students were able to identify the problem well. Then students could make the symbol used as a variable that the value was not known. By using the symbol students could perform a series of calculation to obtain the value of the symbol. Symbols created by students were very helpful and facilitated students in solving problems. While in the construction process, verbal representation was done by students since the process of understanding the problem. The form of verbal representation was manifested by writing down all information known from a slightly changed problem because they used a language that they understood more. Based on the known information, students could plan and performed a series of calculations using written sentences so that the problems could be solved properly.
The Application of Carousel Feedback and Round Table Cooperative Learning Models to Improve Student’s Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Social Studies Learning Outcomes
Authors: Yusmanto Harry , Soetjipto Budi Eko , Djatmika Ery Tri
Published: September 2017

This Classroom Action Research aims to improve students’ HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) and Social Studies learning outcomes through the application of Carousel Feedback and Round Table cooperative learning methods. This study was based on a model proposed by Elliott and was implemented for three cycles. The subjects were 30 female students of the eight graders of Junior High School Islam Terpadu Darul Azhar, South East Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. The data collection instruments include observation, test, interview, and documentation. The data were obtained from pre and post-test of each cycle. The findings revealed that Carousel Feedback and Round Table cooperative learning models could increase students’ HOTS and Social Studies learning outcomes. The habit of giving time to the students to think, providing scaffolding, observing students’ activity, asking questions, discussing in groups, analyzing the results and providing feedback are the examples of activities that should be familiarized.
Interdisciplinarity in Education: Overcoming Fragmentation in the Teaching-Learning Process
Authors: Santos Carla Madalena , Franco Rubia Amanda , Leon Diego , Ovigli Daniel Bovolenta , Colombo Junior Pedro Donizete
Published: September 2017

The importance of interdisciplinarity in the teaching-learning process has been much debated. This topic has challenged schoolteachers, who do not always manage to integrate interdisciplinarity into the school routine. This paper emerged from the discipline Research Methodology taught at the postgraduate course in education of Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. During this course, we sought to gain knowledge about the academic production related to interdisciplinarity in the teaching-learning process, mainly in terms of teacher training and teaching practice, published in dissertations and theses. We explored contents published from 2011 to 2016 in Brazil. The covered period was based on a search for recent productions on the proposed theme, conducted by using the database of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Analyses of the documents pointed to the need to work interdisciplinarity during teacher training courses and to adopt an interdisciplinary posture in daily teaching practice in schools. These practices should help to overcome compartmentalization of the teaching-learning process and to provide students with a global view of the world.
Simulation Analysis of Impact of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy on GHG Emission
Authors: Zhu Yucheng , Lu Keyu , Li Zhaoling , Nozaki Noriko , Mizunoya Takeshi
Published: September 2017

China once again promises to manage energy consumption and peak CO2 emission around 2030 in Paris Agreement in 2016 that expresses her ambition of mitigating emission. Using renewable energy to optimize energy structure is recognized as effective countermeasure to reduce GHG emission. Additionally, it is inevitable that improving energy efficiency is still core issue in energy usage. Smart Grid (SG) and renewable energy are collectively introduced in this research. Power supply and demand model is constructed to analyze the effect of SG and renewable energy on energy usage. Input-Output (I-O) simulation model is applied to make dynamic analysis based on extended I-O framework. Comprehensive model is constructed to evaluate the impact of SG and renewable energy on economic growth, energy usage and environmental improvement under different emission limitation. The proper policies covering carbon tax and subsidy are proposed to mitigate GHG emission, improve energy usage and optimize economic structure. Trade-off among economic growth, energy conversation and environmental improvement is realized in the study area.
Understanding Social Capital, Networks & Institutions: A Guide to Support Compost Entrepreneurship for Rural Development
Authors: Silberg Timothy Robert , Lopez Maria Claudia , Richardson Robert B. , Pesl Murphrey Theresa , Wingenbach Gary , Lombardini Leonardo , Brown Taya
Published: September 2017

Compost micro-entrepreneurship has been used as strategy to increase the incomes of poor and rural farming communities. Nevertheless, several difficulties can arise to sustain these small businesses. The conversion of organic material into compost requires labor, tools and infrastructure. Many poor and rural microenterprises cannot afford all of these inputs to sustain operations. Literature suggests that social capital and collective action can address challenges related to limited resources for communities and small businesses. Little research, however, has explored how coworker characteristics and their cooperative efforts affect the financial sustainability of compost micro-enterprises. The objective of this study was to unveil whether rural compost microenterprises use social capital and/or collective action to address various challenges related to natural and financial capital, and if so, in what manner. A multisite case study framework was implemented using participant observation to identify common challenges faced by compost microenterprises in Chimaltenanago, Guatemala. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine if coworker characteristics (related to social capital) addressed these challenges, and if so, how. Four characteristics related to social capital emerged from a thematic analysis, including 1) raw material access based on coworker occupation, 2) overhead savings from human capital, 3) credit/market-entry granted from social networks, and 4) consumer trust gained from social capital/gender. It appears the investigation and development of compost microenterprises should be more cognizant of opportunities related to coworker characteristics, especially those related to social capital and collective action. As a result, management training can be integrated within entrepreneurship development to sustain urban and rural economies.
Altruism and Primary Healthcare Workers’ Job Satisfaction: Findings from Central Vietnam
Authors: Matsushima Midori , Yamada Hiroyuki , Shimamura Yasuharu , Tam Nguyen Minh
Published: September 2017

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly to promote healthy living and well-being for all ages, we must ensure a high quality of healthcare services at primary facilities. However, the shortage of healthcare workers in primary facilities is a problem in many countries, including Vietnam. Despite concerns about the low job satisfaction of health workers and value of altruism in this field, no existing research has thus far addressed its effect on job satisfaction. This study thus contributes to the body of knowledge on healthcare workers’ job satisfaction by observing the role of altruism.We conducted a quantitative analysis by using data collected from healthcare workers employed at primary facilities in central Vietnam in 2014. The survey administered to healthcare workers (n=241) included a hypothetical dictator game questionnaire to elicit their level of altruism. We then used an ordered probit model to examine the factors associated with healthcare workers’ job satisfaction, focusing particularly on altruism by controlling for both individual-level attributes and the condition of their workplaces.We found that a higher level of altruism is associated with lower job satisfaction. Further analysis revealed that more altruistic workers are also likely to have a stricter self-evaluation of healthcare quality, including the availability of drugs. Altruistic healthcare workers may be frustrated when working in environments in which resources are constrained and workers cannot perform to their full ability despite a wish to help others.
An improved encapsulation protocol for regrowth and conservation of four ornamental species
Authors: Benelli Carla , Micheli Maurizio , De Carlo Anna
Published: September 2017

The encapsulation technology, initially developed for clonal propagation through the production of synthetic seeds with somatic embryos, is currently proposed for use with non-embryogenic explants, such as buds and nodal segments (unipolar propagules). In the present study, the encapsulation procedure and its effect on shoot regeneration were evaluated. Apical buds isolated from shoot cultures of four ornamental species (Photinia × fraseri Dress., Polygala myrtifolia L., Metrosideros excelsa Soland. ex Gaertn., and Rosa) were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate. Effects of complexation time, sucrose concentration, and storage temperature on the regrowth ability of propagules were assessed. With the appropriate combination of sucrose concentration and polymerization time, the encapsulated explants proved to have a better regrowth (80–100%) after sowing than the naked ones. In addition, medium-term storage of Metrosideros encapsulated explants promoted a high level of regrowth (74%) after 4 months in the dark at 10°C; while polygala beads were preserved up to 8 months regardless of storage temperatures. Potential current applications of encapsulation technology and the future use of beads in vivo conditions are also discussed.
Branch and Bound method for binary problems with the procedure that reduces dimension of problems
Authors: Chudy Marian
Published: September 2017

The relationships between elements aij of coefficient matrix, elements di of vector d and elements cj of vector c in general binary problem are considered. Some of them allow us to establish the values of selected elements of feasible or optimal vector x. This procedure reduces the dimension of basic problem and can be install in branch and bound method. It gives positive effects.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica in Association with Remitting Seronegative Sinovitis with Pitting Edema: a Neoplastic Warning
Authors: Manzo Ciro , Natale Maria
Published: September 2017

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CCSS Collaboration: How Librarians Can Collaborate with Teachers on Common Core
Authors: Lawson Cody , LaDuke-Pelster Faye
Published: September 2017

Librarians play a crucial part in planning and implementing effective literacy instruction that serves the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for both ELA (English Language Arts) and social studies. The CCSS are a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and ELA, developed by a collaborative group of teachers, school chiefs, administrators, and other education experts.
Editor's Note: Growing a Reader
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: September 2017

It’s hard for me to believe that by the time you get this issue, my “baby,” my only child, Holland, will be eleven years old. She’s grown up with me as CAL editor—even travelled with me, in vitro!—to the ALA Annual Conference two months before she was born in 2006.
The World (of Warcraft) through the eyes of an expert
Authors: Marzouki Yousri , Dusaucy Valériane , Chanceaux Myriam , Mathôt Sebastiaan
Published: September 2017

Negative correlations between pupil size and the tendency to look at salient locations were found in recent studies (e.g., Mathôt et al., 2015). It is hypothesized that this negative correlation might be explained by the mental effort put by participants in the task that leads in return to pupil dilation. Here we present an exploratory study on the effect of expertise on eye-movement behavior. Because there is no available standard tool to evaluate WoW players’ expertise, we built an off-game questionnaire testing players’ knowledge about WoW and acquired skills through completed raids, highest rated battlegrounds, Skill Points, etc. Experts (N = 4) and novices (N = 4) in the massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft (WoW) viewed 24 designed video segments from the game that differ in regards with their content (i.e, informative locations) and visual complexity (i.e, salient locations). Consistent with previous studies, we found a negative correlation between pupil size and the tendency to look at salient locations (experts, r =  − .17, p < .0001, and novices, r =  − .09, p < .0001). This correlation has been interpreted in terms of mental effort: People are inherently biased to look at salient locations (sharp corners, bright lights, etc.), but are able (i.e., experts) to overcome this bias if they invest sufficient mental effort. Crucially, we observed that this correlation was stronger for expert WoW players than novice players (Z =  − 3.3, p = .0011). This suggests that experts learned to improve control over eye-movement behavior by guiding their eyes towards informative, but potentially low-salient areas of the screen. These findings may contribute to our understanding of what makes an expert an expert.
Trichoplax adhaerensreveals a network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution
Authors: Novotný Jan Philipp , Chughtai Ahmed Ali , Kostrouchová Markéta , Kostrouchová Veronika , Kostrouch David , Kaššák Filip , Kaňa Radek , Schierwater Bernd , Kostrouchová Marta , Kostrouch Zdenek
Published: September 2017

Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known species of Placozoa is likely to be closely related to an early metazoan that preceded branching of Cnidaria and Bilateria. This animal species is surprisingly well adapted to free life in the World Ocean inhabiting tidal costal zones of oceans and seas with warm to moderate temperatures and shallow waters. The genome ofT. adhaerens(sp. Grell) includes four nuclear receptors, namely orthologue of RXR (NR2B), HNF4 (NR2A), COUP-TF (NR2F) and ERR (NR3B) that show a high degree of similarity with human orthologues. In the case of RXR, the sequence identity to human RXR alpha reaches 81% in the DNA binding domain and 70% in the ligand binding domain. We show thatT. adhaerensRXR (TaRXR) binds 9-cisretinoic acid (9-cis-RA) with high affinity, as well as high specificity and that exposure ofT. adhaerensto 9-cis-RA regulates the expression of the putativeT. adhaerensorthologue of vertebrate L-malate-NADP+oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) which in vertebrates is regulated by a heterodimer of RXR and thyroid hormone receptor. Treatment by 9-cis-RA alters the relative expression profile ofT. adhaerensnuclear receptors, suggesting the existence of natural ligands. Keeping with this, algal food composition has a profound effect onT. adhaerensgrowth and appearance. We show that nanomolar concentrations of 9-cis-RA interfere withT. adhaerensgrowth response to specific algal food and causes growth arrest. Our results uncover an endocrine-like network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-RA inT. adhaerensand support the existence of a ligand-sensitive network of nuclear receptors at the base of metazoan evolution.
Unraveling the diversification history of grasshoppers belonging to the “Trimerotropis pallidipennis”(Oedipodinae: Acrididae) species group: a hotspot of biodiversity in the Central Andes
Authors: Guzmán Noelia Verónica , Pietrokovsky Silvia Mónica , Cigliano Maria Marta , Confalonieri Viviana Andrea
Published: September 2017

The Andean Mountain range has been recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The proposed mechanisms for such species diversification, among others, are due to the elevation processes occurring during the Miocene and the intensive glacial action during the Pleistocene. In this study we investigated the diversification history of the grasshopperTrimerotropis pallidipennisspecies complex which shows a particularly wide latitudinal and altitudinal distribution range across the northern, central and southern Andes in South America. Many genetic lineages of this complex have been so far discovered, making it an excellent model to investigate the role of the central Andes Mountains together with climatic fluctuations as drivers of speciation. Phylogenetics, biogeographic and molecular clock analyses using a multi-locus dataset revealed that in Peru there are at least two, and possibly four genetic lineages. Two different stocks originated from a common ancestor from North/Central America—would have dispersed toward southern latitudes favored by the closure of the Panama Isthmus giving rise to two lineages, the coastal and mountain lineages, which still coexist in Peru (i.e.,T. pallidipennisandT. andeana). Subsequent vicariant and dispersal events continued the differentiation process, giving rise to three to six genetic lineages (i.e., clades) detected in this study, which were geographically restricted to locations dispersed over the central Andes Mountains in South America. Our results provide another interesting example of “island diversification” motored by the topography plus unstable climatic conditions during the Pleistocene, pointing out the presence of a hotspot of diversification in the Andean region of Peru.
Sustentabilidade ambiental: nível de conscientização e atuação de estudantes de odontologia acerca da biossegurança e dos riscos provocados pelo descarte inadequado de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Orestes Cardoso Silvana Maria , Passos Kamilla Karla Mauricio , Orestes Carneiro Raíssa
Published: September 2017

Introdução: São enormes os desafios da sociedade moderna frente ao diagnóstico ambiental sombrio e seus efeitos para a saúde das populações. Destaca-se o papel dos profissionais da Odontologia na construção de um mundo ecologicamente sustentável. Objetivo: o estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo identificar o nível de conscientização e atuação de estudantes de Odontologia acerca da biossegurança e dos riscos provocados pelo descarte inadequado de resíduos sólidos. Metodologia: A amostra se constituiu de estudantes matriculados nos 5º e 10º períodos do curso de Odontologia da UFPE. Resultado: A análise dos dados identificou que os alunos apresentam conhecimentos básicos, porém com nível de reflexão bastante simplificado, apesar de os estudantes do 5º período terem cursado disciplinas que abordam a questão. Para eles, a Biossegurança está associada apenas aos procedimentos que evitam a contaminação de pessoas em decorrência do descarte inadequado dos resíduos. Para ambos os períodos, a maioria dos profissionais exercem atividades clínicas sem adotar medidas de Biossegurança. Segundo eles, a responsabilidade pelo gerenciamento desses materiais é das empresas especializadas. Conclusão: Os autores concluem que, apesar da mudança curricular, esforços devem continuar a ser feitos para que docentes e discentes desenvolvam maior sensibilidade para as questões ambientais, a fim de poderem atuar de modo ecologicamente sustentável.
Prevalência de Síndrome de Turner e comparação de parâmetros hormonais e bioquímicos em pacientes com suspeita clínica da síndrome atendida no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
Authors: Abreu Fabiana Guichard de , Dani Caroline , Maluf Sharbel Weidner
Published: September 2017

Introdução: A síndrome de Turner (ST) é uma doença genética caracterizada pela monossomia do cromossomo X, cujas características incluem alterações no desenvolvimento sexual e malformações congênitas, como baixa estatura. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de ST em mulheres com suspeita clinica da doença através do cariótipo de sangue periférico, bem como comparar parâmetros hormonais e bioquímicos entre pacientes não portadoras da síndrome e de pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de ST. Metodologia: Foram analisados prontuários de 129 pacientes com idade entre 15 e 45 anos encaminhadas ao Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com suspeita clínica de ST. Resultados: Das 129 pacientes avaliadas, 98 (76%) apresentavam cariótipo 46,XX consideradas pacientes não portadoras da síndrome, e 31 (24%) apresentavam cariótipo 45, X / 46,X,i(X) / 46,X,r(X), com diagnóstico confirmado da síndrome. Duas (6,4%) das pacientes com ST faziam uso de hormônio do crescimento (HC), sendo que todas apresentavam estatura diminuída e três (9,6%) tinham ausência de úteros e ovários. Quando comparados os parâmetros hormonais foi verificado que o hormônio folículo estimulante e o hormônio luteinizante estavam aumentados nas pacientes com ST, já o estradiol encontrou-se diminuído (p<0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa nos parâmetros idade, peso, índice de massa corporal, prolactina, glicose, tiroxina livre, hormônio estimulante da tireoide e cálcio total entre as pacientes avaliadas. Conclusão: Não foi observada uma frequência maior de alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hormonais devido ao baixo número de mulheres adultas avaliadas, poucas faziam tratamento com HC, e grande parte ainda sem completa reposição estrogênica. Entretanto, foi evidenciada a alteração dos hormônios sexuais e a baixa estatura características de portadoras de ST e uma prevalência de ST que corrobora com dados recentes da literatura através do diagnóstico citogenético. 