bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization among School Children Aged 9 to 12 Years in Virajpet, Karnataka, India
Authors: Rai Pooja Mali , Jain Jithesh , Raju Ananda Shivamoga , Nair Rohit A. , Shashidhar Keerthan , Dsouza Sheehan
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as a qualitative defect of the enamel characterised by the progressive and simultaneous hypomineralization of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars which is of systemic origin, which may be associated frequently with incisors. Although the reported prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.4% to 40.2% worldwide, very little data is available from India.
AIM: To determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children aged 9 to 12 years in virajpet, Karnataka.
METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 1600 school children aged 9-12 years selected by stratified cluster sampling procedure. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were followed for MIH diagnosis. Chi-square test was used to analyse the categorical data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.
RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH is 13.12% with no gender predilection. Ten-year-old children showed the highest prevalence (15%) among all the age group. Majority of children with MIH (70.2%) have lesions in both molars and incisors with demarcated opacities and atypical restorations being the most frequent defect type.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MIH was 13.12% in the 9-12-year child population in Virajpet. There is a need for a proper planned preventive and restorative program about the increasing prevalence of MIH.
Pharmacological vector of Rudolf Buchheim
Authors: Reznikov Konstantin M.
Published: March 2019

Celebrating the 100th anniversary of Voronezh State Medical University.
Probabilistic small-signal stability analysis of power system with solar farm integration
Authors: GURUNG SAMUNDRA , NAETILADDANON SUMATE , SANGSWANG ANAWACH
Published: March 2019

Currently, large-scale solar farms are being rapidly integrated in electrical grids all over the world. However, the photovoltaic (PV) output power is highly intermittent in nature and can also be correlated with other solar farms located at different places. Moreover, the increasing PV penetration also results in large solar forecast error and its impact on power system stability should be estimated. The effects of these quantities on small-signal stability are difficult to quantify using deterministic techniques but can be conveniently estimated using probabilistic methods. For this purpose, the authors have developed a method of probabilistic analysis based on combined cumulant and Gram– Charlier expansion technique. The output from the proposed method provides the probability density function and cumulative density function of the real part of the critical eigenvalue, from which information concerning the stability of low-frequency oscillatory dynamics can be inferred. The proposed method gives accurate results in less computation time compared to conventional techniques. The test system is a large modified IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus system, which is a benchmark system to study low-frequency oscillatory dynamics in power systems. The results show that the PV power fluctuation has the potential to cause oscillatory instability. Furthermore, the system is more prone to small-signal instability when the PV farms are correlated as well as when large PV forecast error exists.
Understanding attribute and social circle correlation in social networks
Authors: NERURKAR PRANAV , CHANDANE MADHAV , BHIRUD SUNIL
Published: March 2019

Social circles, groups, lists, etc. are functionalities that allow users of online social network (OSN) platforms to manually organize their social media contacts. However, this facility provided by OSNs has not received appreciation from users due to the tedious nature of the task of organizing the ones that are only contacted periodically. In view of the numerous benefits of this functionality, it may be advantageous to investigate measures that lead to enhancements in its efficacy by allowing for automatic creation of customized groups of users (social circles, groups, lists, etc). The field of study for this purpose, i.e. creating coarse-grained descriptions from data, consists of two families of techniques, community discovery and clustering. These approaches are infeasible for the purpose of automation of social circle creation as they fail on social networks. A reason for this failure could be lack of knowledge of the global structure of the social network or the sparsity that exists in data from social networking websites. As individuals do in real life, OSN clients dependably attempt to broaden their groups of contacts in order to fulfill different social demands. This means that ‘homophily’ would exist among OSN users and prove useful in the task of social circle detection. Based on this intuition, the current inquiry is focused on understanding ‘homophily’ and its role in the process of social circle formation. Extensive experiments are performed on egocentric networks (ego is user, alters are friends) extracted from prominent OSNs like Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. The results of these experiments are used to propose a unified framework: feature extraction for social circles discovery (FESC). FESC detects social circles by jointly modeling ego-net topology and attributes of alters. The performance of FESC is compared with standard benchmark frameworks using metrics like edit distance, modularity, and running time to highlight its efficacy.
A Kalman filter application for rainfall estimation using radar reflectivity measurements
Authors: MAŞAZADE ENGİN , BAKIR ALİ KEMAL , KIRCI PINAR
Published: March 2019

The rainfall amount observed at a given location mostly depend on the cloud density, which can be quantified with the reflectivity values observed by meteorology weather radars. In this study, we aim to estimate the rainfall amount using a Kalman filter with radar reflectivity measurements. We first assume that the amount of rainfall observed at automatic weather observation stations (AWOSs) are elements of an unknown state vector and consider the Kalman filter process model as the true rainfall amounts observed at these AWOSs over time. For the measurement model of the Kalman filter, we use the radar reflectivity values observed at each AWOS location. For the execution of the Kalman filter, a number of rainfall amount and radar reflectivity value pairs are first required to learn the process and measurement models of the Kalman filter. The estimation performance of the proposed Kalman filter is then compared with empirical reflectivity (Z) - rainfall (R) relationships. Numerical results show that when the Kalman filter is executed with radar reflectivity measurements observed around a large number of AWOS locations, the mean squared errors of the Kalman filter rainfall estimates are smaller than the ones obtained with empirical ZR relationships.
Lexicon-based emotion analysis in Turkish
Authors: TOÇOĞLU MANSUR ALP , ALPKOÇAK ADİL
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we proposed a lexicon for emotion analysis in Turkish for six emotional categories happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, and surprise. Besides, we also investigated the effects of a lemmatizer and a stemmer, two term-weighting schemes, four lexicon enrichment methods, and a term selection approach for lexicon construction. To do this, we generated Turkish emotion lexicon based on a dataset, TREMO, containing 25,989 documents. We then preprocessed the documents to obtain dictionary and stem forms of each term using a lemmatizer and a stemmer. Afterwards, we proposed two different weighting schemes where term frequency, term-class frequency and mutual information (MI) values for six emotion categories are taken into consideration. We then enriched the lexicon by using bigram and concept hierarchy methods, and performed term selection for efficiency issues. Then, we compared the performance of lexicon-based approach with machine learning based approach by using our proposed lexicon. The experiments showed that the use of the proposed lexicon efficiently produces comparable results in emotion analysis in Turkish text.
Highly Efficient English MOOC Teaching Model Based on Frontline Education Analysis
Authors: Gao Bo
Published: March 2019

The MOOC teaching model is a teaching method emerging with the rapid devel-opment of the Internet, characterized by openness, large scale, interactivity and feedback. However, at present, English is mostly taught in the traditional cram-ming model, which has such problems as fossilized teaching content, small cor-pus, single teaching method and lack of a feedback mechanism. Under this mod-el, students lack the enthusiasm and initiative in English learning. By introducing MOOC, this paper innovates a new teaching model that combines the traditional English teaching model with the MOOC teaching resources. This model proves to be able to increase the classroom efficiency and students’ enthusiasm and awareness of independent learning and also help significantly improve their abili-ties of reading, deep analysis, expression and cooperation. The introduction of the MOOC teaching model is an attempt in English teaching, which is in line with the contemporary education philosophy in this new era.
The Effect of Presenting Anomalous Data on Improving Student’s Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Prayogi Saiful , Muhali Muhali , Yuliyanti Sri , Asy'ari Muhammad , Azmi Irham , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu
Published: March 2019

This study aim to explore the effects of presenting anomalous data on improving student’s critical thinking ability. This study is an experimental research conducting on one-group pretest-posttest design. Purposive sampling was used in this study, where one class group was used as a sample of the study, namely 36 students of senior high school at MA Hidayaturrahmah NW Menggala, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data of CT ability collected by instrument refer to Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test. The data analysis descriptively and statistically were done to process the data of research. Path analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of presenting anomalous data on improving student’s critical thinking ability. The results of this study indicate that the presenting anomalous data at initial learning have an effect and contribute on improving student’s critical thinking ability. Further reviews are described in this article.
Setting Up and Implementation of the Parallel Computing Cluster in Higher Education
Authors: Serik Meruert , Karelkhan Nursaule , Kultan Jaroslav , Zulpykhar Zhandos
Published: March 2019

In this article, we describe in detail the setting up and implementation of the parallel computing cluster for education in the Matlab environment and how we solved the problems arising on this way. We also describe the comparative analysis of parallel computing cluster by the example of matrix multiplication by a vector with large dimensions. First calculations were performed on one computer, and then on a parallel computing cluster. In the experiment, we proved the effectiveness of parallel computing and the necessity of the setting up of the parallel computing cluster. We hope that the creation of a parallel computing cluster for education will help in teaching the subject of parallel computing at higher schools that do not have sufficient hardware resources. This paper presents unique setting up and implementation of the parallel computing cluster for teaching and learning of the parallel computing course and a wide variety of information sources from which instructors can choose.
Les « upgradings stratégiques » des firmes subordonnées dans les CGV : le cas des éleveurs investissant dans des unités de méthanisation
Authors: Berthe Alexandre , Grouiez Pascal , Dupuy Louis
Published: March 2019

Cet article porte sur l’analyse des stratégies d’upgrading en se focalisant sur l’échelle des firmes subordonnées, à la différence de son étude plus classique à l’échelle de la chaîne globale de valeur (CGV). Cette approche conduit à développer le concept d’« upgrading stratégique », à étudier l’environnement institutionnel des firmes subordonnées et à mobiliser les concepts propres à l’économie industrielle tels que les logiques de différenciation, de diversification, de spécialisation pour comprendre les stratégies de ces firmes. Il s’agit de reconsidérer ainsi l’upgrading inter-chaîne, c’est-à-dire l’amélioration de la position d’acteurs au sein d’une CGV en intégrant une autre CGV. Nous confrontons cette proposition à une étude de cas territorialisée sur le développement de la méthanisation par des exploitants agricoles ardennais. Nous montrons que ces agriculteurs s’insèrent dans la CGV-biomasse énergie émergente en fonction de leur expérience d’acteurs « captifs » dans la chaîne CGV agro-industrielle. En particulier, ils ont dimensionné leur unité de méthanisation pour être autonomes vis-à-vis des agro-industriels. Cette nouvelle activité a par ailleurs des effets retour sur leur positionnement dans la CGV agro-industrielle.Classification JEL : L22, L23, Q13, Q16, Q42.
A Reference Architecture for Context-Aware Intelligent Traffic Management Platforms
Authors: Rehena Zeenat , Janssen Marijn , Chattopadhyay Samiran
Published: March 2019

Smart cities have been heralded for improving traffic management by utilizing data for making better traffic management decisions. Multi-sided platforms collect data from sensors and citizen-generated data on one side and can provide input for decision-making using data analytics by governments and the public on the other side. However, there is no guidance for creating developing Intelligent Traffic Management Systems (ITMS) platforms. The involvement of various actors having different interest and heterogeneous datasets hampers development. In this article, the authors design a reference architecture (RA) to support intelligent traffic management systems for providing better a commute, and safety and security during travel based on real-time information. The main three layers of this RA are datasets, processes, and actors. The RA for ITMS provides guidance for designing and overcoming the challenges with: 1) heterogeneous datasets; 2) data gathering; 3) data processing; 4) data management; and 5) supporting various types of data users. The illustration and evaluation of the architecture shows possible solutions of the aforementioned challenges. The RA helps to integrate the activities performed by the various actors. In this way it can be used to reduce traffic queues, increase the efficient use of resources, smooth and safe commute of the citizens.
Shifting Dynamics of Intestinal Macrophages during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adult Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Takahashi Naofumi , Sugimoto Chie , Allers Carolina , Alvarez Xavier , Kim Woong-Ki , Didier Elizabeth S. , Kuroda Marcelo J.
Published: March 2019

The intestinal tract is a primary barrier to invading pathogens and contains immune cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages. We previously reported that CD163+CD206− (single-positive [SP]) interstitial macrophages of the lung are short-lived and succumb early to SIV infection. Conversely, CD163+CD206+ (double-positive [DP]) alveolar macrophages are long-lived, survive after SIV infection, and may contribute to the virus reservoir. This report characterizes analogous populations of macrophages in the intestinal tract of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with SIV/AIDS. By flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and confocal microscopy, CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages predominated in the lamina propria of uninfected animals, compared with CD163+CD206− SP macrophages, which predominated in the lamina propria in animals with SIV infection that were exhibiting AIDS. In submucosal areas, CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages predominated in both SIV-infected and uninfected macaques. Furthermore, BrdU-labeled CD163+CD206+ DP and CD163+CD206− SP macrophages recently arriving in the colon, which are both presumed to be shorter-lived, were observed to localize only in the lamina propria. Conversely, longer-lived CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages that retained dextran at least 2 mo after in vivo administration localized exclusively in the submucosa. This suggests that CD163+CD206+ DP intestinal macrophages of the lamina propria were destroyed after SIV infection and replaced by immature CD163+CD206− SP macrophages, whereas longer-lived CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages remained in the submucosa, supporting their potential role as an SIV/HIV tissue reservoir. Moreover, the DP macrophages in the submucosa, which differ from lamina propria DP macrophages, may be missed from pinch biopsy sampling, which may preclude detecting virus reservoirs for monitoring HIV cure.
Late urinary bladder metastasis from breast cancer
Authors: De Rose Aldo Franco , Balzarini Federica , Mantica Guglielmo , Toncini Carlo , Terrone Carlo
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Breast cancer (BrC) is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in women. It frequently metastasizes to lung, liver and bone, while the urinary bladder is considered as an unusual site for BrC metastases. Materials and methods: Four years after her first oncologic surgical approach, a known BrC patient complained of a left flank pain, dysuria and urgency. Computed tomography (CT scan) imaging showed an irregular thickening of the left bladder wall and bilateral hydronephrosis. Results: A bladder metastases from BrC was diagnosed based on a histological examination of a transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB-T) specimen. Conclusions: In patients with a history of BrC, urinary bladder screening is not needful. However, if low urinary symptoms persist, an evaluation of the bladder should be considered to rule out metastatic involvement.
Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strain causing severe respiratory disease in rabbits
Authors: Wang Jinxiang , Sang Lei , Chen Yanfeng , Sun Shikun , Chen Dongjin , Xie Xiping
Published: March 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is acknowledged as one of the important pathogens isolated from humans and animals. However, the S. aureus causing severe respiratory diseases in rabbits have not been well characterised. A S. aureus named FZHW001, isolated from the lungs of dead rabbits with severe respiratory disease, was characterised by artificial infection of rabbits, detection of virulence factors, multi-locus sequencing typing and antimicrobial susceptibility test. The FZHW001 infected rabbits showed identical respiratory symptoms to those of naturally infected ones, and the isolate could spread through directed contact among rabbits. The isolate was typed into clonal complex 121 and carried 7 of 13 tested virulence factors. Furthermore, the isolate was identified to be methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and was susceptible to 7 of 12 tested antibiotics. This study first describes the characteristics of S. aureus isolated from rabbits causing severe respiratory disease, which will help in further understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of S. aureus in rabbits.
Enterococci from pannon white rabbits: detection, identification, biofilm and screening for virulence factors
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Strompfová Viola , Szabóová Renata , Bónai András , Matics Zsolt , Kovács Melinda , Pogány Simonová Monika
Published: March 2019

Properties of enterococci isolated from the Hungarian breed Pannon White were studied to spread knowledge regarding the properties of microbiota in rabbits from the basic research standpoint and to select a beneficial candidate for application in husbandry. Faeces from 113 Pannon White rabbits (mostly maternal line and some paternal line) were collected. They were sampled from rabbits varying in age and sex (82 kits, 6 does, 6 bucks, 19 adult rabbits), which were aged 2 wk (14 suckling rabbits), 6 and 8 wk (68 weaning and post-weaning rabbits), adult rabbits (31, one year). Faecal mixtures were sampled into sterile packs with faeces from 5-6 animals in each. The total count of enterococci from these Pannon White rabbits reached, on av. 5.28±0.29 colony forming units/g (log10). Among the 19 enterococci, 14 E. faecalis and 5 E. faecium were detected using 3 identification methods. The enterococci were mostly resistant to antibiotics. They were non-haemolytic, Dnase and urease negative. They did not form biofilm. They were free of the hylEfm gene and IS16 genes; the most frequently detected genes were gelE, efaAfm, efaAfs. Based on these results, E. faecium EF9a was selected for further analysis.
Redistribuição ou reconhecimento 15 anos depois. Um balanço do debate entre Nancy Fraser e Axel Honneth e de sua repercussão no Brasil
Authors: De Souza Luiz Gustavo Da Cunha
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como os projetos intelectuais de Fraser e Honneth seguiram vias diversas após o debate que ambos publicaram em 2003 e como estas vias podem ser apropriadas pela teoria social feita no Brasil. Se no momento da discussão, tanto Fraser quanto Honneth pro- curaram demonstrar a maior adequação de suas respectivas teorias para a análise das lutas sociais e a possibilidade de uma apropriação deu seus modelos pelos movimentos sociais, de modo que o caráter político do debate fosse expresso na forma como movimentos sociais, remeteriam aos termos redistribuição e/ou reconhecimento (I); e, ao longo dos últimos, ambos mudaram o foco de suas análises para um entendimento do próprio sistema capitalista, chegando a concepções alteradas da dinâmica de conflitos sociais (II). Na medida em que este potencial analítico mediou sua recepção no Brasil, isso implica, afinal, novas formas de apropriação e diálogo com as ideias de Fraser e Honneth (III).
Povo e Elite no Republicanismo Clássico
Authors: Losso Tiago
Published: March 2019

No bojo do Republican Revival, há um renovado interesse pelo pensamento político romano. A teoria política tem se nutrido das formulações alicerçadas na tradição republicana de pensamento político desde que o argumento neorromano foi incluído no debate sobre o conceito de liberdade. Correlato a este movimento inicial, atualmente está sendo alargado o conjunto de dilemas que poderia contar com a sugestão republicana. Um tema debatido atualmente é o papel conferido pelo republicanismo ao elemento democrático em seus modelos políticos. A intenção deste paper é analisar três autores- -chave do pensamento político romano – Cícero, Salústio e Lívio – e suas respectivas compreensões sobre o papel que cabe ao povo e ao elemento democrático na dinâmica política de Roma. Pretendo convencer o leitor de que a crítica moderna pode estar cometendo um equívoco ao procurar, entre estes autores, justificativas para apontar o povo como protagonista do processo político.
“De que lado estás, Ariel?”: reconhecimento e redistribuição na teoria da emancipação de Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Authors: Da Silva Josué Pereira
Published: March 2019

O artigo lida com a abordagem de Boaventura de Souza Santos a respeito do debate entre reco- nhecimento e redistribuição. Tendo em vista a ideia de Nuestra América, do cubano José Martí e a metáfora shakespeariana de Ariel, Santos elabora o que denomina paradigma subalterno de reconhecimento (diferença) e redistribuição (igualdade), fundado em uma epistemologia do sul que ele contrapõe ao chamado paradigma americano-europeu, cuja expressão é a globalização neoliberal. Ele argumenta, então, que é preciso enfrentar esse paradigma da globalização dominan- te com um paradigma contra-hegemônico de globalização.
The role of chlorine in global tropospheric chemistry
Authors: Wang Xuan , Jacob Daniel J. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Zhu Lei , Chen Qianjie , Alexander Becky , Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mathew J. , Lee Ben H. , Haskins Jessica D. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Thornton Joel A. , Huey Gregory L. , Liao Hong
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine
within the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of oxidant–aerosol–halogen atmospheric
chemistry. The simulation includes explicit accounting of chloride
mobilization from sea salt aerosol by acid displacement of HCl and by other
heterogeneous processes. Additional small sources of tropospheric chlorine
(combustion, organochlorines, transport from stratosphere) are also included.
Reactive gas-phase chlorine Cl*, including Cl, ClO, Cl2, BrCl, ICl,
HOCl, ClNO3, ClNO2, and minor species, is produced by the
HCl+OH reaction and by heterogeneous conversion of sea salt aerosol
chloride to BrCl, ClNO2, Cl2, and ICl. The model
successfully simulates the observed mixing ratios of HCl in marine air
(highest at northern midlatitudes) and the associated HNO3
decrease from acid displacement. It captures the high ClNO2 mixing
ratios observed in continental surface air at night and attributes the
chlorine to HCl volatilized from sea salt aerosol and transported inland
following uptake by fine aerosol. The model successfully simulates the
vertical profiles of HCl measured from aircraft, where enhancements in the
continental boundary layer can again be largely explained by transport inland
of the marine source. It does not reproduce the boundary layer Cl2
mixing ratios measured in the WINTER aircraft campaign (1–5 ppt in the
daytime, low at night); the model is too high at night, which could be due to
uncertainty in the rate of the ClNO2+Cl- reaction, but we have
no explanation for the high observed Cl2 in daytime. The global
mean tropospheric concentration of Cl atoms in the model is 620 cm−3
and contributes 1.0 % of the global oxidation of methane, 20 % of
ethane, 14 % of propane, and 4 % of methanol. Chlorine chemistry
increases global mean tropospheric BrO by 85 %, mainly through the
HOBr+Cl- reaction, and decreases global burdens of tropospheric
ozone by 7 % and OH by 3 % through the associated bromine radical
chemistry. ClNO2 chemistry drives increases in ozone of up to
8 ppb over polluted continents in winter.
Rethinking Craig and Gordon's approach to modeling isotopic compositions of marine boundary layer vapor
Authors: Feng Xiahong , Posmentier Eric S. , Sonder Leslie J. , Fan Naixin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We develop a one-dimensional (1-D) steady-state isotope
marine boundary layer (MBL) model that includes meteorologically important
features missing in models of the Craig and Gordon type, namely height-dependent
diffusion and mixing, lifting to deliver air to the free troposphere, and
convergence of subsiding air. Kinetic isotopic fractionation results from
this height-dependent diffusion that starts as pure molecular diffusion at
the air–water interface and increases with height due to turbulent eddies.
Convergence causes mixing of dry, isotopically depleted air with ambient
air. Model results fill a quadrilateral in δD–δ18O
space, of which three boundaries are defined by (1) vapor in
equilibrium with various sea surface temperatures (SSTs), (2) mixing of vapor
in equilibrium with seawater and vapor in subsiding air, and (3) vapor that
has experienced maximum possible kinetic fractionation. Model processes also
cause variations in d-excess of MBL vapor. In particular, mixing of
relatively high d-excess descending and converging air into the MBL increases
d-excess, even without kinetic isotope fractionation. The model is tested by
comparison with seven data sets of marine vapor isotopic ratios, with
excellent correspondence. About 95 % of observational data fall within the
quadrilateral predicted by the model. The distribution of observations also
highlights the significant influence of vapor from nearby converging
descending air on isotopic variations within the MBL. At least three factors
may explain the ∼5 % of observations that fall slightly
outside of the predicted regions in δD–δ18O and
d-excess–δ18O space: (1) variations in seawater isotopic ratios,
(2) variations in isotopic composition of subsiding air, and (3) influence of sea spray.
Quantifying snow-darkening and atmospheric radiative effects of black carbon and
dust on the South-Asian Monsoon and hydrological cycle: Experiments using
variable resolution CESM
Authors: Rahimi Stefan , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Chenglai , Lau William K. , Brown Hunter , Wu Mingxuan , Qian Yun
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and dust impart significant effects on the south-Asian monsoon (SAM), which is responsible for ~80 % of the region’s annual precipitation. This study implements a variable-resolution (VR) version of Community Earth System Model (CESM) to quantify the impacts of absorbing BC and dust on the SAM. This study focuses on the snow darkening effect (SDE), as well as how these aerosols interact with incoming and outgoing radiation to facilitate an atmospheric response (i.e., aerosol radiation interactions (ARI)). By running sensitivity experiments, the individual effects of SDE and ARI are quantified, and a theoretical framework is applied to assess these aerosols’ impacts on the SAM. It is found that ARI of absorbing aerosols warm the atmospheric column in a belt coincident with the May-June averaged location of the subtropical jet, bringing forth anomalous upper-tropospheric (lower-tropospheric) anticyclogenesis (cyclogenesis) and divergence (convergence). This anomalous arrangement in the mass fields brings forth enhanced rising vertical motion across south Asia and a stronger westerly low-level jet, the latter of which furnishes the Indian subcontinent with enhanced Arabian Gulf moisture. This leads to precipitation increases of +2 mm d−1 or more across much of northern India from May through August, with larger anomalies in the western Indian mountains and southern TP mountain ranges due to orographic and anabatic enhancement. Across the Tibetan Plateau foothills, SDE by BC aerosol drives large precipitation anomalies of >6 mm d−1, comparable to ARI of absorbing aerosols from April through August. Runoff changes accompany precipitation and Tibetan Plateau snow changes, which have consequences for south-Asian water resources.
Development of a Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Growth Model in a Coupled Wave-Current-Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST v3.4)
Authors: Kalra Tarandeep S. , Ganju Neil K. , Testa Jeremy M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The coupled biophysical interactions between submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), hydrodynamics (currents and waves), sediment dynamics, and nutrient cycling have long been of interest in estuarine environments. Recent observational studies have addressed feedbacks between SAV meadows, current velocity, sedimentation, and nutrient cycling and suggest SAV are ecosystem engineers whose growth can be self-reinforcing. To represent these dynamic processes in a numerical model, the presence of SAV and its effect on hydrodynamics (currents and waves) and sediment dynamics was incorporated into the open source model COAWST. In this study, we extend the COAWST modelling framework to account for dynamic changes of SAV and associated epiphyte biomass. Modelled SAV biomass is represented as a function of temperature, light, and nutrient availability and exchanges nutrients, detritus, dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved oxygen with the water-column biogeochemistry model. The dynamic simulation of SAV biomass allows the plants to both respond to and cause changes in water column and sediment bed properties, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport (i.e., a two-way feedback). We demonstrate the behavior of these modelled processes through application to an idealized domain, then apply the model to a eutrophic harbour where SAV dieback is a result of anthropogenic nitrate loading and eutrophication. These cases demonstrate an advance in the deterministic modelling of coupled bio-physical processes and will further our understanding of future ecosystem change.
Invited perspectives: Mountain roads in Nepal at a new crossroads
Authors: Sudmeier-Rieux Karen , McAdoo Brian G. , Devkota Sanjaya , Rajbhandari Purna Chandra Lal , Howell John , Sharma Shuva
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In Nepal and many developing countries around the world, roads are vehicles
for development for communities in rural areas. By reducing travel time on
foot, opportunities are opened for quicker transportation of goods and better
access to employment, education, health care and markets. Roads
also fuel migration and numerous social changes, both positive and negative.
Poorly constructed roads in mountainous areas of Nepal have increased erosion
and landslide risk as they often cut through fragile geology, destabilizing
slopes and altering local hydrological conditions, with costs to lives and
livelihoods. The convergence of the newly constituted decentralized Nepali
government with China's Belt and Road Initiative is likely to bring more
roads to rural communities. The new provincial government administrations now
have the opportunity to develop policies and practices, which can realign the
current trend of poorly engineered, inefficient and hazardous road
construction toward a more sustainable trajectory. This commentary provides
an overview of some of the obstacles along the way for a more sustainable
road network in Nepal and illustrates how good governance, development and
landslide risk are intertwined. The opinion presented in this brief
commentary lends little hope that Nepal's current pathway of unsustainable
road construction will provide the country with the much-needed sustainable
road network, unless checks and balances are put in place to curb
noncompliance with existing laws and policies.
China’s E-Economy: An overview of Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Yao Qiao
Published: March 2019

China is the world biggest country in terms of population. It has the highest number of internet and mobile users. The world most substantial labor forces reside in China. A large proportion of the world is dependent on its exports. Chinas economy grew, in the last decade because of its exports, it got attention all over the world. Economy experts consider China as an economic threat to the USA. However, more studies are mainly focused on China populations, Exports, and labor focus because of the high quantity. The dynamics of the economy has changed in the last decade because of internet penetration across the globe. The Chinas role in digital aspects is least studied. Therefore this paper has focused on providing an overview of E-economy of China. Through literature and world-leading financial and consultancy firms reports it has been observed that just like other aspects of the economy, the e-economy of China is also growing. Today in 2019 where more than 50% of the world has access to the internet, It is considered that the Silicon Valley of USA is deriving the digital age because all big tech companies are located in the USA. USA main exports are Internet-related or Tech products. It is a fact that the USA E-economy contributes more to GDP compared to China. However, China has a potentially bright future in this area and can be the leading country in technology. Exploring the future possibilities, the opportunities which China has to grow in the digital age, the researchers found already there are areas in digital aspects where China has to outnumber the USA. For instance, the Fintech China got more Capital venture investments in 2016 compared to the USA. China is the world second country after the USA in attracting venture capital investment for Virtual Reality, Autonomous Driving, Wearables technologies, Education Technology, Robotics and drones, and 3D Printing. China is in the third position in terms of attracting investment for big data and artificial intelligence. The study concludes that China needs to focus more on big data and AI to continue its growth.  The growing digitalization can improve agriculture and industrial activities as the economy is maturing. The paper is useful for digital experts to view the understand the e-economy in depth, future researchers can narrow down the topic to observe the impact of E-economy on agriculture and industrial sector.
Daniel’s Greek Loanwords in Dialectal Perspective
Authors: Noonan Benjamin J.
Published: March 2019

Scholarship on Daniel’s Greek loanwords exhibits two significant trends. Many scholars since S. R. Driver have expressed agnosticism toward the loanwords’ significance for dating the traditions of Daniel, and most scholars have not investigated the dialectal features of the loanwords. In this article, I argue that at least four of the Greek loans found in the book of Daniel (קִיתָרוֹס, שַׂבְּכָא, פְּסַנְתֵּרִין, and כָּרוֹז) exhibit non-Attic features. Because Greeks speaking dialects other than Attic had the most influence linguistically in the ancient Near East prior to the Hellenistic era, and because Attic increasingly came to supplant the non-Attic dialects beginning with the fifth century BC, Daniel’s Greek loanwords were probably borrowed earlier rather than later. This, in turn, supports an early date for the traditions in Dan 3, an important conclusion to be considered in discussions of the book’s composition.
RECYCLING OF Eucalipto cloeziana UNDER BIOCHAR DIFFERENT PYROLISIS TEMPERATURES
Authors: Siebeneichler Evair Antônio , Figueredo Natália Aragão , Costa Liovando Marciano , Tronto Jairo
Published: March 2019

In the thermal decomposition of the biomass, products which include carbon compounds are generated. Biochar, a by-product of decomposition, has been efficient in retaining carbon, as well for agricultural and environmental management. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the thermal stability and the recalcitrance of eucalyptus-derived bioburden due to different heating rates and pyrolysis temperatures. To do so, biochar were produced from Eucalyptus cloeziana at nine pyrolysis temperatures and three heating rates, and thermogravimetric analysis, determination of C and functional groups by FTIR were performed. Increasing the aromaticity of the biochromes produced, at higher temperatures, results in an increase in their recalcitrance, as demonstrated by the increase in thermal resistance and the oxidation by acid dichromate.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE NITRATE NANOFILMSSE
Authors: Elita Carneiro Mayara , Stygar Lopes Marina , Franco Baumel de Andrade Anna Luisa , Nisgoski Silvana , Inês Bolzon de Muniz Graciela
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work was the characterization of cellulose and cellulose nitrate nanofilms from the mixture of Kraft pulps of  Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. bleached. The production of nanocellulose was made by mechanical processing. To obtain the cellulose nitrate, the nitration was carried out in part of the produced nanocellulose. The characterizations were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy, medium infrared spectroscopy, tensile strength and absorption assay.  The results demonstrate that there was influence of  nitration in the characteristics of the films produced. The nanofilms of cellulose nitrate appear more interesting for the absorption property, indicating the use of this process for uses that require this characteristic.
SPACIAL INDEXES AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF ITANHAÉM, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho Maria Tamara , Biondi Daniela , Zamproni Kendra
Published: March 2019

Many managers have studied the afforestation as a mitigating tool for the problems caused by urbanization, since the specific knowledge of each municipality is fundamental for proper planning in relation to the species used, the number of trees and the location in the municipality. The present research had the objective of evaluating the spatial and biological diversity indexes of the road arborization of the city of Itanhaém - SP. For the accomplishment of the research, a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the arborization was done to obtain the coverage indices and tree density, index of full occupation, current occupation and the deficit of afforestation and the performance index of the species. There is 1 tree for each 100 m² of sidewalk in the municipality, 2.35% of the sidewalks are covered by the crown of the trees and the municipality presents only 21.1% of the ideal afforestation. The municipality had a high diversity index of Shannon H '= 3.45 and Simpson dominance λ = 0.082. The native species with the best performance index was Schinus terebinthifolius. Although there are species diversity in the municipality, the current situation demonstrates the scarcity of trees, indicating the need for intensification in the planting of trees in the road system.
GROWTH OF Pinus glabra IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Dobner Jr. Mário , Nicoletti Marcos Felipe , Novack Jr. Nilton Sergio , Nunes Glaucia Cota
Published: March 2019

Species of the genus Pinus are widely cultivated in Brazil, in the south of the country, mainly P. taeda and P. elliottii are responsible for suppling for diverse industrial segments. Although poorly studied, other species from the same region of natural distribution could also possibly present good growth potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of different dendrometric characteristics of provenances of P. glabra grown in the highlands of south Brazil during 24 years of growth. The values obtained for P. glabra in the studied region was compared with the ones from its natural distribution region and with data of P. taeda in south Brazil. By means of annual dendrometric measurements during almost the entire studied period, especially at age 24 years, the growth and productivity of the species was addressed. All studied provenances shown suitability to the evaluated edaphoclimatic conditions, with initial height growth above 1 m year-1 during the first 5 years. Productivities above 30 m3 ha-1 year-1 at age 24 years, as well as the production of dominant individuals with 30 cm of dbh at age 15 years can be expected. Therefore, the potential for commercial use of P. glabra in the highlands of south Brazil was proven, thus being an interesting alternative to the commonly used species
THE USE OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis AND Eucalyptus urophylla WOOD IN THE PRODUCTION OF EDGE GLUED PANELS
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Trianoski Rosilani , Stüpp Angela , Cabral Bruna Mulinari , Gayer Jéssika Alvares Coppi Arruda
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the shear strength of bonded wood joints of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus urophylla with vinyl polyacetate (PVA) and isocianate polymeric emulsion (EPI) adhesives with the amount of glue of 150 and 180 g/m². The specimens were submitted to shear tests in dry and wet conditions, based on the procedure described in standard EN 13354 (2008). The results of the 5th lower percentile were compared with the requirements of EN 13353 (2008). Among the studied species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed better glue line shear strength when compared to Eucalyptus urophylla. However, both species are potentially viable for the edge glued panel (EGP) production, since they meet the minimum requirement of 2.5 MPa, referring to the 5th lower percentile, as established by EN 13353-2008 standard. Based on the results, it is recommended the use of EPI adhesive with the amount of glue of 150 g/m² for the bonding of the wood of these species, aiming at the production of EGP.
PERFORMANCE OF SPECIES Mabea fistulifera AND Eucalyptus urograndis WITH USE OF CELLULOSE RESIDUE IN DEGRADED AREAS
Authors: Giácomo Romulo Guimarães , Alves Marlene Cristina , Camara Rodrigo , Pereira Marcos Gervasio Gervasio , Souto Filho Sebastião Nilce , Moraes Mario Luiz Teixeira
Published: March 2019

The planting of forest species contributes to the recovery of degraded areas, and the use of industrial waste can favor this process. However, there is still little information on this aspect in Cerrado. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of seedlings of the native species Mabea fistulifera Mart. and of the exotic hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis, under fertilization with residue of the industrial production of cellulose, in monospecific plantations in degraded area. Fertilization treatments, applied in the planting line, were three doses of the residue (10, 15 and 20 Mg ha -1); conventional mineral fertilizer (NPK); absence of fertilization (control). The experimental design was a randomized block design, with a portion of subdivided parts: species in the portions (15 m x 60 m, n = 4 / species) and treatments in the subportions (15 m x 12 m, n = 1 / treatment / portion) total of 18 plants in each subplot. Survival rate and growth attributes (height, crown diameter, stem diameter at ground level) were evaluated for two consecutive years. The largest increases in seedling survival and growth of both species were provided by mineral fertilization, followed by the 10 Mg ha -1 dose of the residue, which should be the recommended.
Religious Identity Politics on Social Media in Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017
Authors: Arsyad Rahmad M. , Asdar A.B. Muhammad
Published: March 2019

This study aims to examine the construction of religious identity politics discourse on Facebook and Twitter social media platforms on the 2017 Jakarta governor election. The researcher uses a constructive perspective by Paul C. Stern who views the use of identity politics as a construction formed from collaboration between the community and the political elite in creating tension and new conflicts in the country. The research methodology used focuses on the discourse of religious identity politics on social media (Facebook and Twitter) is a critical discourse analysis by Teun A Van Dijk. The results of this study revealed the construction of religious identity politics which was adopted in the form of symbolic power "Muslim Governor for Jakarta" as a form of reproduction of the majority discourse of privileges on minority groups.
Inca Inchi Nuts: A Potential Replacement Crop for Opium Among Subsistence Farmers in Kachin State
Authors: Lomethong Jem , Walsh John
Published: March 2019

The Kachin people of northern Myanmar have been fighting for independence for decades. To fund the political and military struggle, the growth and sale of opium has been used. However, narcotics usage has become a scourge in Kachin society as it has been around the world and there have been increasing attempts to eradicate growth and dampen demand. For opium eradication to be successful and sustainable, farmers must be provided with alternative crops that can provide a decent level of income an which are suitable for prevailing agricultural conditions. One possible such crop is the Inca Inchi nut that originally was found in upland South America. The nut provides a nutritious oil with many benefits to health and has been successfully marketed in the form of beverages, cosmetics and medicinal products. This case study considers the possibility of using Inca Inchi nuts across Kachin State as part of an extensive opium replacement programme.
Overcoming Learning Difficulties with Smartphones in an Inclusive Primary Science Class
Authors: Sormunen Kati , Lavonen Jari , Juuti Kalle
Published: March 2019

This paper examines how pupils with learning difficulties (LDs) used smartphones as supportive learning tools in an inclusive science class and how the usage developed over a two-year period. The case study was conducted in a Finnish primary school, where nine LD pupils’ smartphone usage was followed in three science learning practices that supported LDs. The data consisted of repeated smartphone questionnaires, interviews, learning outcomes, and teachers’ memoranda. The content and co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the smartphone usage varied in different practices, and its benefits developed gradually during the research period. Research highlights that teachers’ and pupils’ engagement with a dedicated, collaborative, and long-lasting process of smartphone usage in teaching and learning enables the achievement of change.