bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthaud's theory and its double: Peter Shaffer's The royal hunt of the sun
Authors: Diniz Thaïs Flores Nogueira
Published: July 2015

This is a study of Peter Shaffer's play, The royal hunt of the sun, in the light of Antonin Arthaud's theatrical theory, made explicit in his book, The theatre and its double, where two main points become evident: the use of the language of the mise-en-scène and the use of the stage-auditorium as a single whole. Both lead to a single aim, the experience of the theatre as a kind of ritual. The elements of the play, from the non-linguistic to the most evidently verbal ones, constitute a particular theatre language. While it is being uttered, it serves the purpose to rouse special feelings in the spectators, who then will be identified with the actors. As a consequence, the performance becomes a ritual, which illustrates Arthaud's influence.
Insight into truth: based on Lillian Hellman's play The Autumn Garden
Authors: Ferreira Maria José
Published: July 2015

This work consists of a summary of The autumn garden, followed by some considerations on the title, which then lead to an analysis of the theme "Truth," pointing out that the cataclysm which emerges has its origin not in the main character, but in a minor one; the dénouement of the play has some relation to truth: either by its presence or by its absence. Este trabalho consta de um resumo de The autumn garden, seguido de considerações sobre esse título; a seguir analisa o tema "Verdade", salientando que o cataclisma final resulta de ação não do personagem principal, mas de um personagem secundário; o desfecho da peça relaciona-se com a presença ou ausência da verdade.
Peter Shaffer's The Royal Hunt of the Sun
Authors: Diniz Thaïs Flores Nogueira
Published: July 2015

This paper aims at an illustration of the use of the Double in Shaffer’s play, The Royal Hunt of the Sun. The concept is discussed in two senses: as it was defined and suggested by Artaud, and as it is defined and employed in Psychology. The use of this device in the play serves an ultimate end: to illustrate the relationship between conquerors and conquered people. Esse trabalho visa a ilustrar o conceito de Duplo na peça de Peter Shaffer, The Royal Hunt of the Sun. A autora tenta mostrar que o duplo, usado como recurso literário, é empregado tanto no sentido definido e sugerido por Artaud, como no usado pela Psicologia. O uso desse recurso na peça presta-se, enfim, para ilustrar a relação conquistador-conquistado.
A interdição do discurso em Dutchman
Authors: Martins Leda Maria
Published: July 2015

Análise do conflito na relação inter-racial em uma peça do Teatro Revolucionário do Negro, conflito este determinado peIa reversão de expectativa na decodificação da linguagem operada pelos personagens. This paper analyses the conflict in a racial relationship in a play of the Black Revolutionary Theatre. The conflict studied is caused by the reversal of expectation occurred with the characters in their process of decodification of the discourse.
The objective correlative of filth in T. S. Eliot's plays
Authors: Vieira Else Ribeiro Pires
Published: July 2015

This paper analyses Eliot's use, in his plays, of the objective correlative of filth to evoke in the reader the thought of a world whose order has been disrupted. As his plays grow less overtly religious, this objective correlative intermingles with further variants such as illness, sterility (both physical and in human relationship), food shortage and so on. This paper also raises the question as to whether the secularization of Eliot's plays actually implies a declining concern with religious experience. O presente trabalho analisa o uso feito por Eliot em suas peças, do "objective correlative" de impureza para sugerirão leitor a idéia de ruptura da ordem do mundo. A medida que suas peças se tornam menos ostensivamente religiosas, esse "objective correlative" aparece ao lado de outras variantes, tais como doença, esterilidade (tanto física quanto nas relações humanas), escassez de alimentos, etc. 0 trabalho levanta também a questão de a secularização das peças de Eliot realmente revelar uma preocupação decrescente com a experiência religiosa.
Conrad: light in darkness
Authors: Lobo Suely Maria De Paula e Silva
Published: July 2015

This essay presents an analysis of the several stages Marlow, the main character in Joseph Conrad's Heart of darkness passes by in his search for truth and self-understanding. It also questions the nature and extent of his achievement and success. Este ensaio apresenta uma análise dos diversos estágios por que passa Marlow, o narrador principal em Heart of darkness de Joseph Conrad, na sua busca de verdade e auto-conhecimento. Também questiona a natureza e o sucesso dos resultados dessa busca.
Voice and choice: a study of polyphony and its relation to the problem of free will in William Goldin’s Free fall
Authors: Vilela Lúcia Helena De Azevedo
Published: July 2015

In this study of William Golding’s Free fall, the polyphonic structure of the novel is analyzed through the stylistic marks that separate different and opposing voices incorporated in the narrator's discourse: Since the narrator is also the protagonist, those voices are a reflection of the central character's perspective of events at different phases of his life, the philosophical questioning of the problem of free will is what moves the central character's retrospective examination of his life. So the present work also includes an analysis of the philosophical frame that underlies his transition from a naive to a mature viewpoint. The stilistics analysis of the mix of discourses in the central character's narrative is based on Mikhail Bakhtin's dynamic view of the polyphonic novel. Bakhtin's polyphonic structure is here associated with Sartre's existential philosophy, the central character of Free fall is analyzed as a consciousness in the process of defining itself through moral choices associated with the events narrated; it has been possible to link Bakhtin's and Sartre's ideas since both theoreticians see man in a process of becoming.
Emily Dickinson and the psychoanalyst
Authors: Tanner Stephen L.
Published: July 2015

This essay is a consideration of John Cody's book After great pain: the inner life of Emily Dickinson. It reveals not only the distortions created when psychoanalysis is applied to Dickinson, but also the kinds of distortions that can result when the method is applied to authors in general. Este artigo é uma ponderação sobre o livro de autoria do psiquiatra John Cody, After great pain: the inner life of Emily Dickinson. O artigo revela não só as distorções criadas quando a psicanálise é aplicada à poetisa, mas também os tipos de distorções que podem resultar da aplicação do método a escritores em geral.
"Präteritum" e "Perfekt"
Authors: Ribeiro Tarcísia Múcia Lobo
Published: July 2015

Partindo de uma afirmação geral, segundo a qual não existe correspondência entre o «Präteritum» e o Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo e nem entre o «Perfekt» e o Pretérito Perfeito do Indicativo, analiso, neste trabalho, o significado e emprego destes dois tempos verbais do Alemão, apontando alguns traços semânticos que possibilitam uma aproximação entre estes dois tempos verbais do Alemão e os Pretéritos Imperfeito e Perfeito do Indicativo do Português (parte I). Através das regras estabelecidas para tal aproximação, passo a um estudo de sua aplicabilidade em sala de aula, analisando a apresentação do «Präteritum» e do «Perfekt» em dois livros didáticos de Alemão para estrangeiros (parte II a). Encerrando o trabalho, apresento um estudo da transposição do Pretérito Perfeito do Indicativo do Português para o Alemão, usando a tradução alemã de Curt Meyer-Clason do poema «Confidência do Itabirano» de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, evidenciando a relevância dos estudos teóricos, empreendidos na parte I, na área da tradução (parte II b). Von einer didaktischen Schwterigkeit ausgehend, nach der es keine Entsprechung zwischen Präteritum und «Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo» und zwischen Perfekt und «Pretérito Perfeito do Indicativo» gibt, untersuche ich im theoretischen Teil dieser Arbeit die Bedeutung und den Gebrauch von Präteritum und Perfekt im Deutschen, mit dem Ziel, dle zwei Vergangenheitstempora des Deutschen den erwähnten Vergangenheitstempora des Portugiesischen anzunähern (Teil I). Anhand der festgelegten Regem, analysiere ich die Einführung von Präteritum und Perfekt in zwei Lehrbuchern, wobei die Anwendung dieser Regeln geprüft wird (Teil n a). Zum Abschluss wird die Übersetzung eines Gedichts vom Portugiesischen ins Deutsche analysiert («Vertraulichkeiten eines Itabiraners» von Carlos Drummond de Andrade; Übersetzung von Curt Meyer-Clason), wobei auf die Relevanz der theoretischen Untersuchungen im Teil I auch im Bereich der Übersetzung hingewiesen wird. Starting with the general statement that there is no correspondence between the «Präteritum» and the «Pretérito imperfeito do indicativo» nor between the «Perfekt» and the «Pretérito perfeito do indicativo», I analyse, in this paper, the meaning and the usage of these two verbal tenses of German, pointing out some semantic characteristics which make it possible to approximate these two German verbal tenses to the Portuguese «Pretérito imperfeito» and «Perfeito do indicativo" (part I). With the rules established for such an approximation in mind, I move to a study of their applicability in the class-room, analysing the presentation of «Präteritum» and «Perfekt» in two textbooks of German as a foreign language (part Ha). As a conclusion to this paper, I present an analysis of the transposition of «Pretérito perfeito do indicativo» from Portuguese to German, using Curt Meyer-Clason's translation of Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poem «Confidência do Itabirano» to demonstrate the importance of the theoretical studies referred to in part I to translation work (part II b).
Recent trends in critical reading methodology
Authors: Pimenta Sônia Maria De Oliveira
Published: July 2015

This paper makes a survey of recent approaches in critical reading methodology. I start with the discussion of the role of the language teacher and his responsibility as an educator; he must lead students to a critical evaluation of texts, that is, to acquire a critical sense. The present situation of Brazilian schools does not encourage students to read critically. However, important contributions have tried to deal with the problem. Consequently, in this article I review part of the current literature which deals with the teaching of critical reading. The survey contains theoretical issues as well as pedagogical suggestions which give evidence to the need for critical education and thus critical reading. O presente trabalho faz uma resenha dos enfoques recentes em metodologia do ensino de leitura critica. Começo com a discussão sobre o papel do professor de língua e sua responsabilidade como educador; ele deve levar os alunos a uma avaliação critica de textos, quer dizer, a adquirir um senso critico. A situação atual das escolas brasileiras não incentiva os alunos a lerem criticamente. Contudo, contribuições importantes têm aparecido para tentar sanar o problema. Conseqüentemente, neste artigo eu considero parte da literatura existente sobre o assunto, ensino de leitura critica. A resenha contém questões teóricas assim como sugestões pedagógicas que evidenciam a necessidade de uma educação critica e por tanto de uma leitura critica.
Critical reading: how familiarity and distance affect reader — text interaction
Authors: Pimenta Sônia Maria De Oliveira
Published: July 2015

This dissertation is aimed at the teaching of critical reading in English to foreign language students. Accordingly it analyses familiarity or distance as well as interest in topics in the light of reader-text interaction. Previous research based on the product of reading has revealed that in first language excess or lack of familiarity with the contents of texts has a negative influence in their evaluation thus hindering critical reading. Our experiment which presents subject informants (foreign language learners) with texts of different degrees of familiarity and interest elicits data by means of an introspective technique, the think aloud while reading a text. This technique served best for the verbalization of the learners' reading processes. Qualitative as well as a quantitative analysis of the subjects' reading processes are further compared to their anticipation of content (data of a title study task) and to their product of reading. This experiment led us to posit the existence of an optimal degree of familiarity or distance, namely, a medium degree (for foreign language reading) which avoids dominance or submission from the readers' part and thus best permits interpretation and evaluation. Both aspects are imperative in critical reading which is central to a critical education.
The absence of the rose: Emily, Faulckner and the reader
Authors: Santos Maria de Fátima Marçal dos
Published: July 2015

The objective of this paper is to analyze some aspects of William Faulkner's short story "A rose for Emily" using as basic theoretical reference some of the concepts developed by C. S. Peirce in his theory of signs and also some of the ideas found in the psychoanalytical work of J. Lacan. As theoretical instruments of analysis they will be used with the specific purpose of elucidating the process of reading and interpreting the literary text. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar alguns aspectos do conto A rose for Emily de William Faulkner usando como referência teórica básica alguns dos conceitos desenvolvidos por C. S. Peirce em sua teoria dos signos, assim como algumas das idéias encontradas no trabalho psicanalítico de J. Lacan. Enquanto instrumentos teóricos de análise tais conceitos serão utilizados com o propósito especifico de elucidar aspectos do processo de leitura e interpretação do texto literário.
Sobre a tradução de Cien años de soledad para o inglês: a crítica de uma crítica
Authors: Assumpção Lúcia Maria Resende
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho é uma crítica a uma crítica de tradução Tomou-se a tradução de Cien años de soledad para o inglês, feita por Gregory Rabassa. A crítica de Gerardo Vásquez-Ayora (1978) sobre o trabalho de Rabassa é aqui o objeto de estudo. Para Ayora, a tradução feita por Rabassa é inadequada por não utilizar procedimentos técnicos chamados avançados e se circunscrever apenas àqueles chamados elementares. Neste trabalho, considera-se que a "tradução próxima", que caracteriza o trabalho" de Rabassa, é uma exigência do texto de partida e se mostra adequada. Busca-se na crítica literária evidências para confirmar tal ponto de vista, tomando como base a análise de Rodrigues (1985) sobre o fenômeno do espelhismo em Garcia Márquez e aplica-se à teoria da tradução considerações de Possenti (1987) sobre a importância da questão formal na literatura. A principal sustentação deste trabalho é que a tradução é essencialmente um processo de produção de textos, rejeitando-se qualquer segmentação desse processo em fases estanques.
Pushing the boat from within: analysis of historical and sociological factors in EFLT
Authors: Bastos Herzila Maria De Lima
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho, composto de uma parte teórica e outra empírica, trata do ensino do Inglês como língua estrangeira no Brasil sob uma perspectiva histórica e sócio-cultural. Quanto ao seu embasamento teórico, esta tese apresenta três divisões: a) a teoria sobre motivação e atitudes na aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira, de acordo com Gardner e Lambert (1972); b) estudos de autores brasileiros e africanos sobre o colonialismo e/ou neocolonialismo sob o ponto de vista da formação de imagens estereotipadas do dominador e do próprio dominado; c) MacBride Report, trabalho da UNESCO sobre a comunicação mundial. Os três grandes grupos teóricos acima mencionados informam e são utilizados na interpretação dos dados coletados através de questionários. Estes foram aplicados em colégios particulares e em cursos de inglês em Belo Horizonte, numa amostragem que envolve apenas a classe média. Chegou-se à conclusão que a ênfase na motivação integrativa, ou seja, a identificação do aluno com os valores da cultura estrangeira não é desejável neste contexto de terceiro mundo no qual o Brasil se insere.
Left atrial strain rate estimates PCWP
Authors: Henein Michael , Tossavainen Erik , Söderberg Stefan , Grönlund Christer , Gonzalez Manuel , Lindqvist Per
Published: July 2015

Objective: Raised left atrial (LA) pressure is a common pathway for many pathologies and is known for its complications. It has a direct effect on LA cavity size and potentially also its function. We hypothesized that raised LA pressure, as shown by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), correlates with severity of global LA deformation abnormalities during atrial systole (LASRa).

Design and Patients: We prospectively studied 46 consecutive patients, mean age 61 +/-13 years, 17 males, of various etiologies who underwent right heart catheterization and simultaneous Doppler echocardiography using spectral, tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography techniques for assessing LA structure and function.

Results: PCWP correlated with direct measurements of LA structure and function: LA volume (r= 0.43, p<0.01) and LASRa (r=0.79, p<0.001). PCWP correlated also with other indirect measures of LA pressure such as E/A (r=0.65, p<0.001), E wave deceleration time (r=0.54, p<0.001), E/e’ (r=0.49, p<0.001) and LA systolic filling fraction (r=0.52, p<0.001). However, LASRa together with LA systolic filling fraction, had the highest areas under the curve (0.83 and 0.87, respectively) for identifying patients with PCWP > 15 mmHg.

Conclusion: PCWP correlates with LA deformation rate during atrial systole and to a higher extent than conventional Doppler measures of raised LA pressures. These findings should have significant clinical implications in correctly identifying breathless patients due to raised LA pressure.

 
Left ventricular global dyssynchrony is exaggerated with age
Authors: Bajraktari Gani , Lindqvist Per , Henein Michael
Published: July 2015

Background and Aim: Total isovolumic time (t-IVT) and Tei index both reflect global left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. They have been shown to be sensitive in responding to myocardial revascularization and in predicting clinical outcome in heart failure patients. Since most these patients are senior, determining the exact effect of age on such parameters remains mandatory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on LV t-IVT and Tei index compared with conventional systolic and diastolic parameters in normal individuals.

Methods: We studied 47 healthy individuals, mean age 62+/-12 years (24 female), who were arbitrarily classified into three groups: M (middle age), S (seniors), and E (elderly), using spectral Doppler echocardiography and tissue-Doppler imaging. We studied the interrelation between age, LV systolic and diastolic function parameters as well as t-IV [60 – (total ejection time + total filling time) in s/min], and Tei index (T-IVT/ejection time).

Results: LV ejection fraction was 68+/-6%, E/A ratio 1+/-0.4, filling time 538+/-136ms, ejection time 313+/-26ms, t-IVT 7.7+/-2.6 s/min and Tei index 0.41+/-0.14. Age strongly correlated with t-IVT (r=0.8, p<0.001) and with Tei index (r=0.7, p<0.001) but not with QRS duration. Age also correlated with E/A ratio (r=-0.6, p<0.001), but not with global or segmental systolic function measurements. Mean values for t-IVT were 5.5 (95% CI, 4.6-6.3 s/min) for M, 6.9 (95% CI, 6.0-7.8 s/min) for S and 9.5 (95% CI, 8.4-10.6 s/min) for E groups. The corresponding upper limit of the t-IVT 95% normal CI (calculated as mean +/-2SD) for the three groups was 8.3 s/min, 10.5 s/min and 14.5 s/min, respectively. The upper limit of normal t-IVT 95% CI was significantly shorter in the S compared with the E group (p=0.001). T-IVT correlated with A wave (r=0.66, p<0.001), E/A ratio (r=-0.56, p<0.001), septal e’ (r=-0.49, p=0.001) and septal a’ (r=0.4, p=0.006), but not with QRS.

Conclusion: In normals, age is associated with exaggerated LV global dyssynchrony and diastolic function disturbances, but systolic function remains unaffected. The strong relationship between age and t-IVT supports its potential use as a marker of global LV dyssynchrony. In addition, variations in the upper limit of normal values, particularly in the elderly may have significant clinical applications in patients recommended for CRT treatment.
Antithrombotic treatments for patients with atrial fibrillation and a requirement for a coronary artery stent
Authors: Owen Andrew
Published: July 2015

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation and a coronary artery stent require anticoagulation to provide prophylaxis

against stroke and dual antiplatelet therapy to provide prophylaxis against stent thrombosis (triple therapy).

This combination increases the risk of major bleeding complications compared to either treatment alone. It is

suggested that an alternative to triple therapy is high dose dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 325mg/day and

clopidogrel 75 mg/day), which would have similar efficacy to triple therapy in relation to prophylaxis against

both stroke and stent thrombosis with a lower risk of bleeding complications.

Summary: 1. Patients with atrial fibrillation and a coronary artery stent require triple therapy, which is associated with

increased bleeding risk.

2. In everyday practice 50% of patients do not receive this, because of the excess bleeding risk.

3. It is suggested that for patients at increased bleeding risk and for whom it is felt that triple therapy is not

suitable, Aspirin (325mg daily) and clopidogrel (75mg daily) should be considered.

 
Significant beat-to-beat variability of E/e’ irrespective of respiration
Authors: Gronlund Christer
Published: July 2015

The E/e’ ratio is commonly used in Doppler echocardiographic examinations to estimate the pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure. The rationale of using this ratio is to combine left ventricular (LV) filling (E) and relaxation (e’) velocities to indirectly
assess left atrial pressure. However, the accuracy of this index has recently been questioned, particularly in patients with
controlled heart failure1. Likewise, the potential beat-to-beat variability of such measurements remains undetermined.
The cardiovascular system is subject to several oscillations with the potential of influencing LV function and its intra-cavitary
pressures, hence measurements of its filling and relaxation velocities. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the beatto-
beat variability of the E/e’ ratio in one minute long examination in healthy subjects, and patients with various severity of
amyloid heart disease.
The results show that despite critical application of the standard echocardiographic recording recommendations, E/e’ beatto-
beat variability was 36 % (22 to 50%) in healthy subjects and 17 % (11-26%) in patients, and where the most severe
amyloid heart disease had the least variability. Thus, clinical use of a single or few cardiac beats might not necessarily reflect
an accurate ratio between the two velocities, and hence casts doubt over their diagnostic value.
Emergence of ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main cause of heart failure in urban Sudanese population
Authors: Khalil Siddiq Ibrahim , Khalil Suha , Albadri Hajir Khalid , Ali Mohamed Khalid , Albashir Hiba Abdalla , Mohamed Sara Ibrahim , Alhaj Amna Moawia , Abdelwahid Khalid Gaafar
Published: July 2015

 

Heart failure is a rapidly growing cardiovascular (CV) problem in Sudan due to affluence and lifestyle changes producing high rates of CV risk factors and consequent coronary heart disease in addition to the historical causes of hypertension and rheumatic heart disease.

This study is intended to measure the prevalence of heart failure (HF) among hospital admissions and study the recent trends in etiology, clinical features and methods of treatment.

Methods: All admissions at Sudan Heart Institute between January 2000 and June 2011 were studied. Patients went through detailed history taking and physical examination. Investigations included 12 lead ECG and chest X-ray, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization was also carried out where indicated.

Results: A total of 12453 cases were collected and 1073 were verified by the authors and an independent cardiologist, constituting 8.6% of CV disease admissions. Female to male ratio was 1:1.6 and age 15 to 96 years (median 58 years). 74.6 % of all patients were urban dwellers. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction accounted for 71.6% and preserved systolic function 28.4%.  Ischemic aetiology accounted for 44.6% of cases, hypertension 24.8 %, RHD 14.4% and idiopathic 12.4%. 

Conclusion: Ischemic cardiomyopathy emerged as the main cause of HF among urban population probably due to changes in lifestyle. Treatment and prevention of these risk may reduce the prevalence of heart failure. 
Concomitant significant mitral regurgitation in patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing valve replacement: Practical indications
Authors: Lo Iudice Francesco , Galderisi Maurizio
Published: July 2015

Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) - either of structural or functional origin - is a frequent condition in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), candidate to aortic valve replacement (AVR), and raises the problem whether or not to intervene on mitral valve at the same time. Surgical risk related to the double valve intervention is still significantly higher compared to isolated AVR and international guidelines do not always give definite indications in the presence of multiple valve disease. Furthermore, the increasing diffusion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients at high surgical risk has risen the problem of leaving the concomitant MR untreated. This review is an attempt to give a practical guide for the decision-making process about the treatment strategy of patients with concomitant severe AS and significant MR, analyzing the impact of a persistent MR on prognosis after surgical or transcatheter AVR, the main predictors of MR improvement after isolated AVR - according to the current literature – and displaying the emerging approach involving transcatheter treatment of both AS and MR.

 
Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais no município de Poço de José de Moura – PB
Authors: Andrade Jaily Kerller Batista de , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de , Azevêdo Sócrattes Martins Araújo de , Pessoa Rosa Maria Dos Santos , Costa Júnior Djailson Silva da
Published: July 2015

A utilização de plantas com fins medicinais é umas das práticas mais antigas da humanidade. No estado da Paraíba, estudos etnobotânicos ainda são escassos, mas em alguns lugares, pesquisas estão sendo realizadas com a finalidade de se conhecer a relação homem/planta. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais de uso tradicional no município de Poço de José de Moura - PB. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com 50 habitantes do município no período de maio de 2013. Os dados mostraram que a maioria dos entrevistados (94%) utiliza algum tipo de planta medicinal e 68% tem interesse pelo cultivo, porém nenhum deles conhece as contraindicações para sua utilização. Grande parte dos entrevistados foi representante do sexo feminino, onde 34% possuem o ensino médio completo e apenas 14% não chegaram a concluir. Em relação à renda familiar, 71% sobrevivem com até um salário mínimo, e uma pequena porção (2%) possui uma renda de 4 a 5 salários mínimos. Constatou-se que 87,2% dos envolvidos na pesquisa utilizam a folha para o preparo medicinal, já a raiz não foi citada de forma alguma. Flor, casca e semente apresentaram percentuais iguais (4,3%). O estudo mostrou que a utilização das plantas para a cura de enfermidades é uma prática bastante utilizada pelos moradores do município.
Sistemas de captação de água "in situ" sobre crescimento de pinhão manso
Authors: Laime Eduardo Maciel Oliveira , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Wanderley José Alberto Calado , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de
Published: July 2015

O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma planta oleaginosa, da família das euforbiáceas, nativa das Américas e, atualmente, considerada uma alternativa para produção de biodiesel, exigente a insolação e resistente à seca. Nesta pesquisa, os estudos foram voltados para a avaliação do desenvolvimento da cultura do pinhão-manso, testando técnicas de plantio que contribuem para maior eficiência de captação de água de chuvas in situ. O experimento foi desenvolvido nas instalações da Estação Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Semiárido - INSA, localizada no município de Campina Grande-PB. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo estudados cinco técnicas de captação de água in situ. Ao longo do ciclo as variáveis de crescimento são beneficiadas pelas formas de preparação do solo, para favorecer a captação de água in situ, em comparação ao tratamento com ausência de técnica de captação.
Post-depositional history of the Miocene Gorgoglione Formation (southern Apennines, Italy): inferences from mineralogical and structural analyses
Authors: Cavalcante Francesco , Prosser Giacomo , Agosta Fabrizio , Belviso Claudia , Corrado Giuseppe
Published: July 2015

The Gorgoglione Formation represents the infill of a thrust-top basin, which records the tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines (Italy) since Upper Miocene times. The Upper Miocene basin was divided into two main sub-basins, showing both about NNW-SSW elongation. During ongoing contractional deformation, the Gorgoglione basin was incorporated into the allochthonous units of the Apennine fold-and-thrust belt, as outlined by the emplacement of thrust sheets of internal provenance (Sicilide Unit) and by the development of two main generations of tight to open folds. In this work, the modalities of deformation associated to the incorporation of the Gorgoglione Formation into the fold-and-thrust belt has been documented by means of mineralogical and structural analyses. Mineralogical data show that, in the northeastern sub-basin of the Gorgoglione Formation, the illite content and the order of illite/smectite mixed layer increase near the contact with the overlaying Sicilide Unit. These data are hence used to estimate the relative tectonic load produced by thrusting of the aforementioned tectonic unit. Structural data are consistent with tight, NNW-trending, meso-scale folds particularly frequent in the upper pelitic/arenaceous portion of the Gorgoglione Formation. Within these folded pelitic levels, a well-developed axial-plane foliation, and an ordered I/S (R1 and R3) with higher illite content, is documented. Instead, other folds developed far away from the Sicilide klippen show an incipient axial-plane foliation and a random I/S (R0) with lower illite amount is found in pelites. The data suggest that the eastern sub-basin of the Gorgoglione Formation underwent variable tectonic load, increasing from E to W, as well as deformation produced by thrusting of Sicilide sheet. The mineralogical data also indicate that illitization process is favoured for the high availability of potassium due to the dissolution of k-feldspar. High potassium availability affects the samples subjected to the highest diagenetic degree, characterized by kaolinite illitization process.
Evidence for transform motion along the South Balearic margin and implications for the kinematics of opening of the Algerian basin
Authors: Driussi Olivier , Briais Anne , Maillard Agnès
Published: July 2015

Two major types of kinematic models have been proposed to explain the opening of the western Mediterranean basins (Liguro-Provençal and Algerian basins, and Valencia trough). In one type of models, all continental blocks bounding the basins drift to the southeast, driven by the rollback of the Tethys subduction slab. In the other type of models, the Alboran domain drifts to the southwest, implying a westward rollback of the broken subducting slab and a NE-SW opening of the Algerian basin. In most models, however, the structure of the Balearic promontory was not taken into account, despite its key location at the boundary of the three major basins. We used the interpretation of a large seismic database coupled to gravity and magnetic anomaly analyses to characterize the nature and structure of the South Balearic margin. The constraints brought by the new analyses allow us to suggest a new scenario for the opening of the Algerian basin.

Seismic profiles show that the South Balearic margin is composed of four segments with different morphologies and crustal structures. Two segments, the Mazarron and the Emile Baudot escarpments, are characterized by steep scarps and sharp crustal thinning. Two other segments, the South Ibiza and South Menorca margins, have a smoother bathymetry and crustal thinning. We interpret the former in terms of transform margins, and the latter as divergent margins. The distribution of faults on the passive margin segments suggests that they have recorded at least two phases of deformation. A first phase of opening, probably in a NW-SE direction, affected the south Balearic margin, and possibly created some oceanic floor. The existence of the transform margin segments and the prominent NW-SE orientation of the magnetic lineations in the eastern Algerian basin suggest that most of this basin opened in a NE-SW direction, in different oceanic corridors. The two eastern corridors formed by the southwestward drift of the Kabylies. The western corridor, bounded by the transform segments of the South Balearic margin and the Algerian margin, results from the southwestward drift of the Alboran domain, as suggested by previous studies.
Quantifying Growth and Developmental Responses of Sweetpotato to Mid‐ and Late‐Season Temperature
Authors: Gajanayake Bandara , Raja Reddy K. , Shankle Mark W.
Published: July 2015

The growth and developmental responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] to a wide range of temperatures have not been addressed extensively. The objectives of this study were to quantify temperature effects on growth, development, and biomass yield of sweetpotato during mid and late season. Four day/night temperature treatments, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27, and 40/32°C, were imposed after the storage root initiation stage, 17 d after transplanting (DAT). Growth and developmental parameters were recorded from plants harvested at 91 DAT. Vine length and nodes showed sigmoidal and linear patterns, respectively, with time across all temperatures. The vine elongation rate during the linear growth phase and node addition rate during the whole season increased linearly with temperature. Temperature optimum for whole‐plant leaf area was 26.7°C. Leaf area declined more sharply at higher than at lower temperatures relative to rates at the optimum temperature. The total biomass showed a quadratic trend with maximum biomass yield at optimum temperature, 26.5°C, and declined linearly at higher temperatures. The optimum temperatures for storage root fresh and dry weights were 24.0 and 25.6°C, respectively, and weights declined by 101.5 and 13.1 g °C−1, respectively, at temperatures higher than optimum. The fraction of biomass partitioned to various plant parts showed quadratic trends. High temperatures during mid and late season promoted more shoot but less root growth, affecting the final storage root yield. The quantified temperature‐dependent growth and developmental responses will be useful for crop production management decisions and for the development of sweetpotato crop models.
Dryland Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after Thirty Years of Tillage and Cropping Sequence Combination
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett A. , Caesar‐TonThat Thecan , Lenssen Andrew W.
Published: July 2015

Little is known about the long‐term management impact on soil C and N contents in the northern Great Plains. We evaluated the 30‐yr effect of tillage and cropping sequence combination on dryland crop biomass yield and soil bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), soil total nitrogen (STN), NH4–N, and NO3–N contents at the 0‐ to 120‐cm depth in a Dooley sandy loam (fine loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Argiboroll) in eastern Montana. Treatments were no‐till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring till continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall and spring till continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall and spring till spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L., 2000‐2013) (FSTW–B/P), and spring till spring wheat–fallow (STW–F, traditional system). Mean annualized crop biomass returned to the soil was 23 to 30 % greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW–B/P than STW–F. At 0 to 7.5 cm, bulk density was 13 to 21% greater in STW–F, but SOC, SIC, and STN were 12 to 98% greater in STCW than other treatments. Ammonium‐N and NO3–N contents were 25 to 74 % greater in FSTCW than other treatments. At other depths, SOC, SIC, STN, NH4–N and NO3–N contents varied among treatments. Reduced tillage with increased crop residue returned to the soil increased soil C and N storage in NTCW and STCW, but increased tillage intensity increased mineral N content in FSTCW compared with STW–F. Improved management practices, such as NTCW and STCW, may be adopted to improve dryland soil C and N stocks.
Natural Glyphosate Tolerance in Sweetvetch Hedysarum boreale
Authors: Peel Michael D. , Ransom Corey V. , Mott Ivan W. , Waldron Blair L.
Published: July 2015

Sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale Nutt.) is purported to tolerate glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine]. Eight rates of glyphosate were tested for their effect on biomass (BM) and survival of seedlings and mature plants. Rates were 0, 210, 420, 841, 1681, 3363, 6725, and 13,450 g a.e. ha–1. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) was included as a susceptible check. Doses required to cause 50% reduction (GR50) in sweetvetch seedling BM was 5025 and 1636 g a.e. ha–1 at first and second harvests, respectively. Tall fescue seedling BM GR50 values were 373 and 512 g a.e. ha–1 at first and second harvests, respectively. Seedling mortality in sweetvetch was not sufficient to estimate an LD50; however, in tall fescue the seedling LD50 was 987 g a.e. ha–1. Four weeks after spring field treatments, sweetvetch and tall fescue BM GR50 values were 3467 and 549 g a.e. ha–1, respectively. Thirteen months later BM GR50 estimates were 11,595 and 886 g a.e. ha–1 for sweetvetch and tall fescue, respectively. Fall‐applied glyphosate did not reduce BM in the sweetvetch sufficient to estimate a GR50. Tall fescue estimated BM GR50 was 413 g a.e. ha–1. At the three lowest treatments BM of sweetvetch mature plants was unaffected. Survival of mature sweetvetch plants was ≥70% precluding estimates of LD50 values. The LD50's for tall fescue spring and fall treatments was 751 and 541 g a.e. ha–1, respectively. Based BM GR15 values sweetvetch will withstand a glyphosate rate of 670 g a.e. ha–1 with no mortality or negative effect on subsequent harvests.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of White Mold Avoidance in Pinto Bean
Authors: Hoyos‐Villegas Valerio , Mkwaila Wezi , Cregan Perry B. , Kelly James D.
Published: July 2015

White mold is a major disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in temperate production areas. The objective of this study was to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the BARCBean6K_3 BeadChip to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with traits related to white mold resistance in common bean. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross of disease‐tolerant pinto line AN‐37 and disease‐susceptible line P02630 was evaluated in Michigan for 4 yr under white mold pressure. Traits evaluated included disease incidence, the numbers of days to flower and to maturity, canopy height, lodging, seed yield, and 100‐seed weight. A linkage map of the RIL population spanning 1499 cM was constructed using 447 SNP markers. The map covered all 11 bean chromosomes with an average distance of 3.6 cM between markers. A total of 13 QTL for agronomic and disease traits were consistently identified in different years. A major QTL WM3.1AN associated with white mold avoidance was validated on chromosome Pv03. The QTL is associated with disease avoidance traits such as canopy porosity, plant height, stay green stem trait, and maturity. Quantitative trait loci for maturity and canopy height also mapped to the same genomic region on Pv03. Finding strong associations between maturity, lodging, canopy height, and disease incidence offers alternative strategies to improve levels of white mold avoidance over greenhouse screening. The validation of the WM3.1AN, AP630 QTL for white mold avoidance should provide bean breeders with the opportunity to introgress avoidance traits into their germplasm.
Beyond the gats: Implicit engines in services RTAs
Authors: Daniltsev Alexander , Biryukova Olga
Published: July 2015

In the last 15 years the reciprocity of regional trade agreements on services
has become a global phenomenon. Whereas main provisions regulating access to
the services market are fixed by specific obligations under the General
Agreement on Trade in Services, RTAs have been considered a flexible means
for liberalization and an expedient to protect national service providers.
This article explores the role of the GATS and other agreements, both under
and not under the mandate of the World Trade Organization, in trade blocs.
The econometric model developed by the authors shows that the removal of
restrictions for foreign suppliers under domestic regulation (consumer
protection, regulation of labor market) and the elimination of discriminatory
measures on foreign investments that affect trade in goods are likely to be
more important for the expansion of services trade on a preferential basis
than the GATS-type liberalization.
Gradient Ricci solitons on almost Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Wang Yaning , De Uday , Liu Ximin
Published: July 2015

If the metric of an almost Kenmotsu manifold with conformal Reeb foliation is
a gradient Ricci soliton, then it is an Einstein metric and the Ricci
soliton is expanding. Moreover, let (M2n+1,?,?,?,g) be an almost
Kenmotsu manifold with ? belonging to the (k,?)?-nullity distribution and h
h?0. If the metric g of M2n+1 is a gradient Ricci soliton, then M2n+1 is
locally isometric to the Riemannian product of an (n+1)-dimensional manifold
of constant sectional curvature -4 and a at n-dimensional manifold, also,
the Ricci soliton is expanding with ? = 4n.
Finite groups with three conjugacy class sizes of certain elements
Authors: Jiang Qinhui , Shao Changguo
Published: July 2015

Let G be a finite group. Let m and n be two positive coprime integers. We
prove that the set of conjugacy class sizes of primary and biprimary
elements of G is {1,m,n} if and only if G is quasi-Frobenius with abelian
kernel and complement.
Geometry of pentagonal quasigroups
Authors: Vidak Stipe
Published: July 2015

Pentagonal quasigroups are IM-quasigroups in which the additional identity of
pentagonality holds. Motivated by the example C(q), where q is a solution of
the equation q4?3q3+4q2?2q+1=0, some basic geometric concepts are introduced
and studied in a general pentagonal quasigroup. Such concepts are
parallelogram, midpoint of a segment, regular pentagon and regular decagon.
Some theorems of Euclidean plane which use these concepts are stated and
proved in pentagonal quasigroups.
On generalizations of injective modules
Authors: Türkmen Burcu
Published: July 2015

As a proper generalization of injective modules in term of supplements, we
say that a module M has the property (SE) (respectively, the property (SSE))
if, whenever M ( N, M has a supplement that is a direct summand of N
(respectively, a strong supplement in N). We show that a ring R is a left and
right artinian serial ring with Rad(R)2 = 0 if and only if every left
R-module has the property (SSE). We prove that a commutative ring R is an
artinian serial ring if and only if every left R-module has the property
(SE).
Independence complexes of comaximal graphs of commutative rings with identity
Authors: Milosevic Nela
Published: July 2015

We study topology of the independence complexes of comaximal (hyper)graphs of commutative rings with identity. We show that the independence complex of comaximal hypergraph is contractible or homotopy equivalent to a sphere, and that the independence complex of comaximal graph is almost always contractible.
Further results on images of metric spaces
Authors: Dung Van
Published: July 2015

We introduce the notion of an ls-?-Ponomarev-system to give necessary and
sufficient conditions for f:(M,M0) ? X to be a strong wc-mapping
(wc-mapping, wk-mapping) where M is a locally separable metric space. Then,
we systematically get characterizations of weakly continuous strong
wc-images (wc-images, wk-images) of locally separable metric spaces by means
of certain networks. Also, we give counterexamples to sharpen some results
on images of locally separable metric spaces in the literature.
On a type of semisymmetric metric connection on a Riemannian manifold
Authors: De Uday , Barman Ajit
Published: July 2015

We study a type of semisymmetric metric connection on a Riemannian manifold
whose torsion tensor is almost pseudo symmetric and the associated 1-form of
almost pseudo symmetric manifold is equal to the associated 1-form of the
semisymmetric metric connection.
The semiring variety generated by any finite number of finite fields and distributive lattices
Authors: Shao Yong , Ren Miaomiao , Crvenkovic Sinisa , Mitrovic Melanija
Published: July 2015

In this paper we study the semiring variety V generated by any finite number
of finite fields F1,..., Fk and two-element distributive lattice B2, i.e., V
= HSP{B2, F1,..., Fk}. It is proved that V is hereditarily finitely based,
and that, up to isomorphism, the two-element distributive lattice B2 and all
subfields of F1,..., Fk are the only subdirectly irreducible semirings in V.
Optimal power flow for distribution networks with distributed generation
Authors: Radosavljevic Jordan , Jevtic Miroljub , Klimenta Dardan , Arsic Nebojsa
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach for the solution
of the optimal power flow (OPF) in distribution networks with distributed
generation (DG) units, including fuel cells, micro turbines, diesel
generators, photovoltaic systems and wind turbines. The OPF is formulated as
a nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem with equality and inequality
constraints. Due to the stochastic nature of energy produced from renewable
sources, i.e. wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, as well as load
uncertainties, a probabilisticalgorithm is introduced in the OPF analysis.
The Weibull and normal distributions are employed to model the input random
variables, namely the wind speed, solar irradiance and load power. The 2m+1
point estimate method and the Gram Charlier expansion theory are used to
obtain the statistical moments and the probability density functions (PDFs)
of the OPF results. The proposed approach is examined and tested on a
modified IEEE 34 node test feeder with integrated five different DG units.
The obtained results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach to solve
both deterministic and probabilistic OPF problems for different forms of the
multi-objective function. As such, it can serve as a useful decision-making
supporting tool for distribution network operators.