bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rate Optimization of Two-Way Relaying with Wireless Information and Power Transfer
Authors: Do Thinh , Jeong Yeonjin , Kim Yun
Published: November 2017

We consider the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in two-phase decode-and-forward two-way relaying networks, where a relay harvests the energy from the signal to be relayed through either power splitting or time splitting. Here, we formulate the resource allocation problems optimizing the time-phase and signal splitting ratios to maximize the sum rate of the two communicating devices. The joint optimization problems are shown to be convex for both the power splitting and time splitting approaches after some transformation if required to be solvable with an existing solver. To lower the computational complexity, we also present the suboptimal methods optimizing the splitting ratio for the fixed time-phase and derive a closed-form solution for the suboptimal method based on the power splitting. The results demonstrate that the power splitting approaches outperform their time splitting counterparts and the suboptimal power splitting approach provides a performance close to the optimal one while reducing the complexity significantly.
Computational Modelling of Materials for Wind Turbine Blades: Selected DTU Wind Energy Activities
Authors: Mikkelsen Lars , Mishnaevsky Jr. Leon
Published: November 2017

Computational and analytical studies of degradation of wind turbine blade materials at the macro-, micro-, and nanoscale carried out by the modelling team of the Section Composites and Materials Mechanics, Department of Wind Energy, DTU, are reviewed. Examples of the analysis of the microstructural effects on the strength and fatigue life of composites are shown. Computational studies of degradation mechanisms of wind blade composites under tensile and compressive loading are presented. The effect of hybrid and nanoengineered structures on the performance of the composite was studied in computational experiments as well.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Genus Agelas
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Dong Menglian , Chen Jianwei , Wang Hong , Tenney Karen , Crews Phillip
Published: November 2017

The marine sponge genus Agelas comprises a rich reservoir of species and natural products with diverse chemical structures and biological properties with potential application in new drug development. This review for the first time summarized secondary metabolites from Agelas sponges discovered in the past 47 years together with their bioactive effects.
Seasonal Variation in Essential Oil Compositions and Antioxidant Properties of Acorus calamus L. Accessions
Authors: Parki Archana , Chaubey Pinky , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Pant Anil K.
Published: November 2017

Background: Acorus calamus (Sweet flag) is a known herbal drug commonly used in traditional medicine. Our aim was to perform seasonal and altitudinal phytochemical screening to assess the antioxidant activity of the essential oils in the rhizome and leaves of A. calamus from three different altitudes. Methods: Phytochemical screening was performed using GC/MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant assay was done by different methods. Results: The essential oils mainly contained α-asarone, β-asarone (35.3–90.6%), and Z-isoelemicin (1.7–7.3%) as the major constituents, besides linalool, Z-methyl isoeugenol, shyobunone, kessane, etc. All the oils exhibited vast molecular diversity in terms of quantitative ingredients. All essential oils were studied for their antioxidant activity by different methods, including their effect on the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, and chelating properties of Fe2+. The oils isolated in all the different seasons exhibited antioxidant activity as a function of concentration, with IC50 values ranging from 475.48 ± 0.08 to 11.72 ± 0.03 compared to standards. Conclusion : From the results obtained it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative deterioration in food. The data provide a basis for its in-situ investigation for judicious exploitation.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design Strategies beyond Primary Structure and Amphipathicity
Authors: Kalafatovic Daniela , Giralt Ernest
Published: November 2017

Efficient intracellular drug delivery and target specificity are often hampered by the presence of biological barriers. Thus, compounds that efficiently cross cell membranes are the key to improving the therapeutic value and on-target specificity of non-permeable drugs. The discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the early design approaches through mimicking the natural penetration domains used by viruses have led to greater efficiency of intracellular delivery. Following these nature-inspired examples, a number of rationally designed CPPs has been developed. In this review, a variety of CPP designs will be described, including linear and flexible, positively charged and often amphipathic CPPs, and more rigid versions comprising cyclic, stapled, or dimeric and/or multivalent, self-assembled peptides or peptido-mimetics. The application of distinct design strategies to known physico-chemical properties of CPPs offers the opportunity to improve their penetration efficiency and/or internalization kinetics. This led to increased design complexity of new CPPs that does not always result in greater CPP activity. Therefore, the transition of CPPs to a clinical setting remains a challenge also due to the concomitant involvement of various internalization routes and heterogeneity of cells used in the in vitro studies.
How Can a Taxonomy of Stances Help Clarify Classical Debates on Scientific Change?
Authors: Barseghyan Hakob , Shaw Jamie
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we demonstrate how a systematic taxonomy of stances can help elucidate two classic debates of the historical turn—the Lakatos–Feyerabend debate concerning theory rejection and the Feyerabend–Kuhn debate about pluralism during normal science. We contend that Kuhn, Feyerabend, and Lakatos were often talking at cross-purposes due to the lack of an agreed upon taxonomy of stances. Specifically, we provide three distinct stances that scientists take towards theories: acceptance of a theory as the best available description of its domain, use of a theory in practical applications, and pursuit (elaboration) of a theory. We argue that in the Lakatos–Feyerabend debate, Lakatos was concerned with acceptance whereas Feyerabend was mainly concerned with pursuit. Additionally, we show how Feyerabend and Kuhn’s debate on the role of pluralism/monism in normal science involved a crucial conflation of all three stances. Finally, we outline a few general lessons concerning the process of scientific change.
A General State-Space Formulation for Online Scheduling
Authors: Gupta Dhruv , Maravelias Christos
Published: November 2017

We present a generalized state-space model formulation particularly motivated by an online scheduling perspective, which allows modeling (1) task-delays and unit breakdowns; (2) fractional delays and unit downtimes, when using discrete-time grid; (3) variable batch-sizes; (4) robust scheduling through the use of conservative yield estimates and processing times; (5) feedback on task-yield estimates before the task finishes; (6) task termination during its execution; (7) post-production storage of material in unit; and (8) unit capacity degradation and maintenance. Through these proposed generalizations, we enable a natural way to handle routinely encountered disturbances and a rich set of corresponding counter-decisions. Thereby, greatly simplifying and extending the possible application of mathematical programming based online scheduling solutions to diverse application settings. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this model on a case study from the field of bio-manufacturing.
Optimal Claiming Strategies in Bonus Malus Systems and Implied Markov Chains
Authors: Charpentier Arthur , David Arthur , Elie Romuald
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the accident reporting strategy of drivers, within a Bonus-Malus system. We exhibit the induced modification of the corresponding class level transition matrix and derive the optimal reporting strategy for rational drivers. The hunger for bonuses induces optimal thresholds under which, drivers do not claim their losses. Mathematical properties of the induced level class process are studied. A convergent numerical algorithm is provided for computing such thresholds and realistic numerical applications are discussed.
Balance Performance as Observed by Center-of-Pressure Parameter Characteristics in Male Soccer Athletes and Non-Athletes
Authors: Thompson Lara , Badache Mehdi , Cale Steven , Behera Lonika , Zhang Nian
Published: November 2017

Static balance has a relevant influence on athletic performance as well as on reducing the risk of injury. The main goal of this study was to assess soccer athlete versus non-athlete balance performance via displacement and velocity parameters extracted from the center-of-pressure (COP) position time series. In order to accomplish our goal, we investigated standing balance in two male groups with unimpaired balance: non-athletes (n = 12) and collegiate varsity soccer athletes (n = 12). In order to make the standing balancing task more or less difficult, we altered participant base-of-support, as well as vision, yielding static (quiet stance) test conditions increasing in difficulty. From the COP position time series, displacement and velocity parameters were computed and plotted as a function of increasing test condition difficulty level. COP parameters showed steeper increases with increased test difficulty in non-athletes compared to athletes; this demonstrated athletes’ better ability to control their balance. We concluded that balance performance could be characterized via COP displacement and velocity response curves. This study lends new insights into how COP parameters can be utilized to determine and characterize improvements in balance between un-impaired subject populations (athletes versus non-athletes).
Femtoscopy with Identified Hadrons in pp, pPb, and PbPb Collisions in CMS
Authors: Siklér Ferenc
Published: November 2017

Short-range correlations of identified charged hadrons in pp ( s = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV), pPb ( s NN = 5.02 TeV), and peripheral PbPb collisions ( s NN = 2.76 TeV) are studied with the CMS detector at the LHC. Charged pions, kaons, and protons at low momentum and in laboratory pseudorapidity | η | < 1 are identified via their energy loss in the silicon tracker. The two-particle correlation functions show effects of quantum statistics, Coulomb interaction, and also indicate the role of multi-body resonance decays and mini-jets. The characteristics of the one-, two-, and three-dimensional correlation functions are studied as a function of transverse pair momentum, k T , and the charged-particle multiplicity of the event. The extracted radii are in the range 1–5 fm, reaching highest values for very high multiplicity pPb, also for similar multiplicity PbPb collisions, and decrease with increasing k T . The dependence of radii on multiplicity and k T largely factorizes and appears to be insensitive to the type of the colliding system and center-of-mass energy.
An Investigation into Sub-Basin Rainfall Losses in Different Underlying Surface Conditions Using HEC-HMS: A Case Study of a Loess Hilly Region in Gedong Basin in the Western Shanxi Province of China
Authors: Ren Juanhui , Zheng Xiuqing , Chen Pan , Zhao Xuehua , Chen Yanping , Shen Yu
Published: November 2017

Basins located in loess hilly–gully regions often suffer flood disasters during the flood season. Meanwhile, the underlying surface of the region can increase the rainfall losses, thereby reducing the flood volume. Therefore, the prediction of rainfall losses on the underlying surface is necessary for scientifically and reasonably forecasting the flood volume. The relationship between the rainfall losses and underlying characteristics was investigated and a method for predicting the rainfall losses using HEC-HMS was presented in this paper with a case study in the Gedong basin, a typical loess hilly region of western Shanxi Province in northern China. Results showed that HEC-HMS could be applied to loess hilly–gully regions. The loss computation results suggested that the losses of sub-basins varied with the density of rainfall. The analysis of influences of rainfall losses, including forestland percentage and slope, indicated that the former had a positive impact, while the latter had a negative influence. The impact of forestland percentage is larger than that of slope. Furthermore, with the increase of forestland percentage, its correlation with rainfall losses was enhanced, and the correlation coefficient ranged between 0.64 and 0.84 from the 1970s to the 2010s.
Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite
Authors: Gant Patricia , Ghasemi Foad , Maeso David , Munuera Carmen , López-Elvira Elena , Frisenda Riccardo , De Lara David Pérez , Rubio-Bollinger Gabino , Garcia-Hernandez Mar , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: November 2017

We study mechanically exfoliated nanosheets of franckeite by quantitative optical microscopy. The analysis of transmission-mode and epi-illumination-mode optical microscopy images provides a rapid method to estimate the thickness of the exfoliated flakes at first glance. A quantitative analysis of the optical contrast spectra by means of micro-reflectance allows one to determine the refractive index of franckeite over a broad range of the visible spectrum through a fit of the acquired spectra to a model based on the Fresnel law.
Emission from Magnetized Accretion Disks around Young Stars
Authors: Tapia C. , Lizano S.
Published: November 2017

We calculate the emission of protoplanetary disks threaded by a poloidal magnetic field and irradiated by a central star. The radial structure of these disks was studied by Shu and collaborators and the vertical structure was studied by Lizano and collaborators. We consider disks around low-mass protostars (LMPs), T Tauri stars, and FU Ori stars with different mass-to-flux ratios

. We calculate the spectral energy distribution and the antenna temperature profiles at 1 and 7 mm convolved with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Very Large Array (VLA) beams. We find that disks with weaker magnetization (high values of

) emit more than disks with stronger magnetization (low values of

). This happens because the former are denser, hotter, and have larger aspect ratios, receiving more irradiation from the central star. The level of magnetization also affects the optical depth at millimeter wavelengths, being larger for disks with high

. In general, disks around LMP and T Tauri stars are optically thin at 7 mm, while disks around FU Ori are optically thick. A qualitative comparison of the emission of these magnetized disks, including heating by an external envelope, with the observed millimeter antenna temperature profiles of HL Tau indicates that large cm grains are required to increase the optical depth and reproduce the observed 7 mm emission at large radii.
First NuSTAR Limits on Quiet Sun Hard X-Ray Transient Events
Authors: Marsh Andrew J. , Smith David M. , Glesener Lindsay , Hannah Iain G. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Caspi Amir , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S. , Madsen Kristin K. , White Stephen M. , Kuhar Matej , Wright Paul J. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Hailey Charles J. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Zhang William W.
Published: November 2017

We present the first results of a search for transient hard X-ray (HXR) emission in the quiet solar corona with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) satellite. While NuSTAR was designed as an astrophysics mission, it can observe the Sun above 2 keV with unprecedented sensitivity due to its pioneering use of focusing optics. NuSTAR first observed quiet-Sun regions on 2014 November 1, although out-of-view active regions contributed a notable amount of background in the form of single-bounce (unfocused) X-rays. We conducted a search for quiet-Sun transient brightenings on timescales of 100 s and set upper limits on emission in two energy bands. We set 2.5–4 keV limits on brightenings with timescales of 100 s, expressed as the temperature T and emission measure EM of a thermal plasma. We also set 10–20 keV limits on brightenings with timescales of 30, 60, and 100 s, expressed as model-independent photon fluxes. The limits in both bands are well below previous HXR microflare detections, though not low enough to detect events of equivalent T and EM as quiet-Sun brightenings seen in soft X-ray observations. We expect future observations during solar minimum to increase the NuSTAR sensitivity by over two orders of magnitude due to higher instrument livetime and reduced solar background.
Gas Mass Tracers in Protoplanetary Disks: CO is Still the Best
Authors: Molyarova Tamara , Akimkin Vitaly , Semenov Dmitry , Henning Thomas , Vasyunin Anton , Wiebe Dmitri
Published: November 2017

Protoplanetary disk mass is a key parameter controlling the process of planetary system formation. CO molecular emission is often used as a tracer of gas mass in the disk. In this study, we consider the ability of CO to trace the gas mass over a wide range of disk structural parameters, and we search for chemical species that could possibly be used as alternative mass tracers to CO. Specifically, we apply detailed astrochemical modeling to a large set of models of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars to select molecules with abundances correlated with the disk mass and being relatively insensitive to other disk properties. We do not consider sophisticated dust evolution models, restricting ourselves to the standard astrochemical assumption of 0.1 μm dust. We find that CO is indeed the best molecular tracer for total gas mass, despite the fact that it is not the main carbon carrier, provided reasonable assumptions about CO abundance in the disk are used. Typically, chemical reprocessing lowers the abundance of CO by a factor of 3, compared to the case where photodissociation and freeze-out are the only ways of CO depletion. On average, only 13% C atoms reside in gas-phase CO, albeit with variations from 2% to 30%. CO2, H2O, and H2CO can potentially serve as alternative mass tracers, with the latter two only applicable if disk structural parameters are known.
The Fraction of Stars That Form in Clusters in Different Galaxies
Authors: Chandar Rupali , Michael Fall S. , Whitmore Bradley C. , Mulia Alexander J.
Published: November 2017

We estimate the fraction of stars that form in compact clusters (bound and unbound),

, in a diverse sample of eight star-forming galaxies, including two irregulars, two dwarf starbursts, two spirals, and two mergers. The average value for our sample is

. We also calculate the fraction of stars in clusters that survive to ages between

and

, denoted by

, and find

and

, significantly lower than

for the same galaxies. We do not find any systematic trends in

or

with the star formation rate (SFR), the SFR per unit area (

), or the surface density of molecular gas (

) within the host galaxy. Our results are consistent with those found previously from the CMF/SFR statistic (where CMF is the cluster mass function), and with the quasi-universal model in which clusters in different galaxies form and disrupt in similar ways. Our results, however, contradict many previous claims that the fraction of stars in bound clusters increases strongly with

and

. We find that the previously reported trends are largely driven by comparisons that mixed

and

, where

was systematically used for galaxies with higher

and

, and

for galaxies with lower

and

.
An Isolated Microlens Observed from K2, Spitzer, and Earth
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Udalski A. , Huang C. X. , Novati S. Calchi , Sumi T. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Gould A. , Henderson C. B. , Shvartzvald Y. , Yee J. C. ,   (Spitzer Team), Bond I. A. , Bennett D. P. , Suzuki D. , Rattenbury N. J. , Koshimoto N. , Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. K. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Evans P. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Kawasaki K. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Miyazaki S. , Munakata H. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA Collaboration)
Published: November 2017

We present the result of microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-290, which received observations from the two-wheel Kepler (K2), Spitzer, as well as ground-based observatories. A joint analysis of data from K2 and the ground leads to two degenerate solutions of the lens mass and distance. This degeneracy is effectively broken once the (partial) Spitzer light curve is included. Altogether, the lens is found to be an extremely low-mass star or brown dwarf (

) located in the Galactic bulge (

kpc). MOA-2016-BLG-290 is the first microlensing event for which we have signals from three well-separated (∼1 au) locations. It demonstrates the power of two-satellite microlensing experiment in reducing the ambiguity of lens properties, as pointed out independently by S. Refsdal and A. Gould several decades ago.
Generation of Suprathermal Electrons by Collective Processes in Collisional Plasma
Authors: Tigik S. F. , Ziebell L. F. , Yoon P. H.
Published: November 2017

The ubiquity of high-energy tails in the charged particle velocity distribution functions (VDFs) observed in space plasmas suggests the existence of an underlying process responsible for taking a fraction of the charged particle population out of thermal equilibrium and redistributing it to suprathermal velocity and energy ranges. The present Letter focuses on a new and fundamental physical explanation for the origin of suprathermal electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) in a collisional plasma. This process involves a newly discovered electrostatic bremsstrahlung (EB) emission that is effective in a plasma in which binary collisions are present. The steady-state EVDF dictated by such a process corresponds to a Maxwellian core plus a quasi-inverse power-law tail, which is a feature commonly observed in many space plasma environments. In order to demonstrate this, the system of self-consistent particle- and wave-kinetic equations are numerically solved with an initially Maxwellian EVDF and Langmuir wave spectral intensity, which is a state that does not reflect the presence of EB process, and hence not in force balance. The EB term subsequently drives the system to a new force-balanced steady state. After a long integration period it is demonstrated that the initial Langmuir fluctuation spectrum is modified, which in turn distorts the initial Maxwellian EVDF into a VDF that resembles the said core-suprathermal VDF. Such a mechanism may thus be operative at the coronal source region, which is characterized by high collisionality.
UGC 4703 Interacting Pair Near the Isolated Spiral Galaxy NGC 2718: A Milky Way Magellanic Cloud Analog
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Sengupta C.
Published: November 2017

We present an analysis of physical and morphological properties of an interacting pair of dwarf galaxies, UGC 4703, located in the vicinity of an isolated Milky Way (MW) type spiral galaxy NGC 2718. Based on the comparison of physical and morphological properties with that of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC), we report that the UGC 4703 pair–NGC 2718 system is probably an LMC–SMC–MW analog. Located at a sky-projected distance of 81 kpc from NGC 2718, we find that UGC 4703 is clearly interacting with its nearby lower-mass companion UGC 4703B, forming a bridge of stellar stream between them. Total B-band luminosity of UGC 4703 and its companion is −17.75 and −16.25 mag, respectively. We obtained H i 21 cm line data of UGC 4703 using the GMRT to get a more detailed view of neutral hydrogen (H i) emission. The H i image revealed evidence of interaction between the dwarf galaxy pair but no extended emission, such as the Magellanic Stream. We also detected star-forming regions along the UGC 4703/4703B bridge with stellar mass exceeding 107
M
☉. While comparing the optical and H i morphology of the interacting dwarf pairs (UGC 4703–4703B and LMC–SMC), we discuss possible differences in interaction histories of these systems.
Real-World Evidence for Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues in a 5-Year Multicentre Study of Antiviral-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in China: 52-Week Results
Authors: Jia Jidong , Tang Hong , Ning Qin , Jiang Jiaji , Dou Xiaoguang , Zhang Mingxiang , Zhang Shuqin , Shang Jia , Lu Wei , Ye Yinong , Wang Xin , Li Mingshu , Liu Jie , Bo Qingyan , Tan Wenzhong ,   the EVOLVE Study Group
Published: November 2017

Background

In China, the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is complicated by the use of various-nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NUC) regimens in treatment-naive patients, including NUCs with low genetic barriers to resistance, with/without add-on therapy and de novo NUC combinations. This longitudinal observational study therefore investigated the real-world clinical management and efficacy of NUC therapy in treatment-naive CHB patients in China.

Methods

Treatment-naive CHB patients initiated on NUC therapy were enrolled from 63 hospitals in tier-2 Chinese cities. Demographic and treatment-specific data were collected, with the objective of reporting real-world treatment patterns and comparing the effectiveness of entecavir (ETV) treatment and lamivudine (LAM)-based treatment. We herein report the first-year data.

Results

3,408 NUC-naive patients were enrolled and treated with NUCs (53% ETV, 18% LAM-based, 29% other). Overall, 6.6% of patients modified their initial treatment, with ETV having lower rates of treatment modification than other major NUCs ( P<0.05). At week 52, the virological response rate was higher with ETV than with LAM-based treatment (77.0% versus 61.4%; P<0.0001). LAM-based treatment was associated with a higher probability of virological breakthrough and genotypic resistance (21.4% and 19.6%, respectively) than ETV (1.6% and 0.1%, respectively; P<0.0001). Treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events were uncommon.

Conclusions

In this nationwide observational study, more than 50% of patients with CHB in tier-2 city hospitals in China initially received ETV therapy. Consistent with clinical trial results, ETV was more effective than LAM-based treatments in a real-world setting, with the rate of treatment modification being relatively low in ETV-treated patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifer: NCT01726439.
Le meurtre de Mathilde de Flandre par Guillaume le Conquérant : itinéraire d’une légende dans la littérature islandaise médiévale
Authors: Lebouteiller Simon
Published: November 2017

Les sagas islandaises du xiii e  siècle rapportent un témoignage surprenant au sujet de Mathilde, l’épouse du duc de Normandie Guillaume le Bâtard. Juste avant la traversée de la Manche par l’armée normande en 1066, la duchesse le supplie de ne pas partir combattre Harold Godwinson. Furieux, il lui donne un coup d’éperon qui la tue aussitôt. Cette histoire entre évidemment en contradiction avec nos connaissances de la vie de Mathilde qui meurt en réalité de causes naturelles en 1083. Nous proposons donc dans cet article de réfléchir à l’origine et à l’évolution de cette légende dans la littérature islandaise. Après avoir détaillé les textes nordiques la mentionnant, nous reviendrons vers les documents normands et anglo-normands ayant pu constituer des sources directes ou indirectes pour les auteurs islandais. Plus généralement, ce sujet invitera à s’interroger sur les transferts de matières littéraires entre les régions et l’écriture de l’histoire dans la Scandinavie médiévale.
Le Miracle par lequel la Vierge porte secours à Guillaume Crespin l’Ancien (1 re moitié du xii e siècle) : entre hagiographie et généalogie
Authors: Trân-Duc Lucile
Published: November 2017

Au xii e siècle, le préchantre de l’abbaye du Bec, Milon Crespin, compose un texte à la croisée du récit hagiographique et de la généalogie, le Miraculum quo B. Maria subvenit Guillemo Crispino seniori . Il y met en scène plusieurs membres de sa famille, sauvés du danger par la Vierge. Le présent article se propose de réfléchir aux enjeux qui guident la composition de cette œuvre. D’une part, il s’agit de montrer que cette dernière s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une relation d’amicitia établie entre le monastère de la vallée de la Risle et les Crespin. D’autre part, il convient de montrer que son auteur cherche à soutenir la patrimonialisation de l’honneur du lignage.
Digital Tomography for Detection of Acute Occult Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Barcia Anthony M. , Zhou Liang , Cook Jay B. , Lindell Kenneth K. , Gumboc Rey D. , Dykstra Aaron D. , Lachky Robert J. , Shaha Steven H. , Taylor Kenneth F.
Published: November 2017

Diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures remains a challenge. Traditional management consisting of 2 weeks of immobilization and repeat radiographs results in unnecessary immobilization of many patients without fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive but expensive. Digital tomography (DT) is an imaging technique that provides fine-cut visualization with minimal radiation exposure and may be used when there is high clinical suspicion despite negative findings on initial radiographs. The authors compared the ability of DT vs MRI to detect acute occult scaphoid fractures. This was an institutional review board–approved, prospective series. Adults for which clinical suspicion for acute scaphoid fracture (presenting within 96 hours of trauma) and negative findings on initial radiographs existed were included. Both a wrist tomogram and MRI were obtained. Wrists were immobilized and reevaluated at 10 to 14 days with repeat radiographs as a control. Studies were interpreted by a radiologist in a blinded fashion. Forty consecutive extremities in 39 patients met the inclusion criteria. Six (15%) of the 40 scaphoids were determined to be fractured on repeat radiographs. Digital tomogram yielded positive findings in 4 of these. Magnetic resonance imaging yielded positive findings in 8 (20%) of the 40 extremities. Sensitivities were 67% and 100% for digital tomogram and MRI, respectively (
P
=.0001). The positive predictive value was 100% for DT and MRI. The authors found that DT detects more occult scaphoid fractures than initial standard radiographs but is less sensitive than MRI. This is the first study to compare DT with MRI. Digital tomography can be used to augment radiographs and may increase diagnostic efficiency, minimize unnecessary immobilization, and reduce health care costs. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):e1092–e1095.]
Effect of Psychiatric Symptoms on Employment Outcomes for Individuals Receiving Supported Employment Services: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Dolce Joni N. , Waynor William R.
Published: November 2017

Psychiatric symptoms are often cited by community-based providers as barriers to employment for individuals with mental health conditions. The current study assessed whether psychiatric symptoms and hospitalization in the past year predicted employment outcomes for participants receiving supported employment (SE) services. A total of 105 participants enrolled in SE services were assessed on their level of psychiatric symptoms, hospitalization in the past year, and employment outcomes. Simultaneous logistic regression was used. Eighty-two participants met for the 6-month follow up. Findings indicate that higher overall scores on the 6-month Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) are predictive of an employment outcome, and suggest that psychiatric symptoms were not a barrier to employment. Participants with higher overall scores on the BSI, thus suggesting greater symptoms, were more likely to gain employment than individuals with lower BSI scores. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(3), 33–38.]
Secondary Lenticule Remnant Removal After SMILE
Authors: Ng Alex L.K. , Kwok Peter S.K. , Chan Tommy C.Y.
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

The authors report four cases of residual intrastromal lenticule after seemingly uneventful small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and the outcome after a secondary procedure to remove the lenticule remnant.

METHODS:

Case reports.

RESULTS:

All four cases presented with suboptimal corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and refractive surprise. Irregularities in the corneal curvature and elevation were detected on corneal topography and tomography. Careful review of the intraoperative video showed an incomplete removal of the SMILE lenticule. All four cases underwent a secondary surgical procedure to remove the residual lenticule remnant. All cases had improvements in the CDVA, refraction, and topography, with the CDVA returning to the preoperative value (20/20) in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Performing an early, secondary lenticular remnant removal operation is feasible, safe, and can result in improvement in both refraction and visual acuity. During the original SMILE surgery, surgeons should routinely examine the removed lenticule for completeness.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):779–782.]
Keratoconus Screening With Dynamic Biomechanical In Vivo Scheimpflug Analyses: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Steinberg Johannes , Amirabadi Nazanin Eslami , Frings Andreas , Mehlan Juliane , Katz Toam , Linke Stephan J.
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

This proof-of-concept study was designed to analyze the ability of in vivo biomechanical corneal analyses with the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (CorvisST; Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) to differentiate between normal eyes and eyes with manifest keratoconus after strictly eliminating the potential confounding factors intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT).

METHODS:

In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, after pairwise matching for CCT and IOP, 29 normal eyes and 29 keratoconic eyes (one eye from each patient) were selected as study population. Older CorvisST parameters and the new Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), including several biomechanical and one tomographic parameter, as well as an adjusted CBI (aCBI) (including only biomechanical parameters), were compared regarding their discriminative ability between both groups.

RESULTS:

None of the CorvisST parameters of the former software version demonstrated statistically significant differences between normal and keratoconic eyes. On the other hand, the CBI and aCBI reached accuracies of 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, to discriminate between CCT- and IOP-matched normal and keratoconic eyes (CBI: [AUC/sensitivity/specificity]: 0.961/0.90/0.93; aCBI: [AUC/sensitivity/specificity]: 0.986/0.93/0.93).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrated that the concept of keratoconus screening with the CorvisST is effective in differentiating keratoconic from non-keratoconic eyes. The next steps will be testing the indices in subclinical keratoconus cases and hopefully combining biomechanical analyses with already established topography and tomography indices to further improve current keratoconus screening.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):773–778.]
The AMA Communication Techniques Survey: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Walker Danielle , Howe Carol
Published: November 2017

Background:

Health care providers are continually seeking to improve patient communication to improve patient outcomes. The American Medical Association (AMA) developed a set of recommended communication practices and an instrument to evaluate health care providers' use of and perceived effectiveness of these techniques.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to assess factor structure of the AMA Communication Techniques Survey using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate reliability of the instrument among nurses and allied health professionals who provide diabetes education.

Methods:

A national convenience sample of 522 diabetes educators completed the survey; this sample was split into two subsamples—the EFA (
n
= 302) and CFA (
n
= 220). Of this sample, 60.2% (
n
= 314) were nurses. Factor structure and reliability analysis of the AMA Communication Techniques Survey was conducted.

Key Results:

EFA with varimax rotation revealed two internally consistent subscales labeled basic and advanced communication techniques. CFA determined that basic and advanced technique subscales were a good fit for the factors. Basic techniques included items such as speaking slowly and using simple words. Advanced techniques included the Teach-Back method, underlining words in printed materials, and presenting 2 to 3 concepts at a time. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was .81 and .70 (basic subscale) and .74 (advanced subscale), indicating good reliability.

Conclusions:

The AMA Communication Techniques Survey appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to examine communication practices of diabetes educators. Additionally, EFA confirms previously hypothesized basic and advanced subscales. However, the factors included in each scale differ from previous conceptualization.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(4):e208–e215.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study established reliability and validity for the American Medical Association Communication Technqiues Survey among diabetes educators. Data support the creation of two separate groups of items: basic and advanced techqniues.
Gaming Literacies and Learning
Authors: Hsu Hui-Yin , Wang Shiang-Kwei
Published: November 2017

This book chapter summarizes an extensive literature review on gaming literacies and learning. It carefully examines the definition of gaming literacies from both message consumption and production perspectives, stemming from the definition of foundational literacies and information communication and technology (ICT) literacies. We establish a framework based on Bloom's taxonomy to explore the role of gaming literacies on learners' cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. We discuss the implications for teachers to adopt games in the classroom, possible problems and concerns to have learners play games, synthesize practices for using games in educational context, and provide suggestions for future research.
Social Responsibility, Shared Value, and Business Modelling
Authors: Giosi Alessandro , Zaccaro Eleonora , Testarmata Silvia
Published: November 2017

While more and more businesses incorporate sustainability in their core business strategy, there has recently been a shift from corporate social responsibility (CSR) to the notion of creating shared value (CSV). This thesis investigates the emergence of new hybrid enterprises and innovative business models. Starting from a literature review about CSR and its evolution into the “Big Idea” proposed by Porter and Kramer, the chapter will analyse the link between business and society, especially in the developing countries where this link is stronger. The main aim is to identify the most effective business models that enhance the competitiveness of a company, while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. The general idea is that enterprises should have longer-term perspective on how they operate in relation to the external society and environment, addressing societal needs and challenges through the business itself, within a business model.
Increased Value Through Sharing in Multi-Sided Markets
Authors: Tura Nina , Kuitunen Aino , Lättilä Lauri , Kortelainen Samuli
Published: November 2017

The demand for more sustainable business models is increasing the need for current businesses to develop their business processes and value creation mechanisms. One way to improve sustainability is sharing resources and services in a new sharing economy paradigm. This chapter builds a conceptual model for taxi ridesharing to describe the value potential that is born by increasing the efficiency of taxi businesses. First, a framework for multisided markets is built to understand the different value elements of taxi ridesharing. Then, a conceptual mathematical model is introduced to understand the value symmetries including the cost saving potential and allocation from the perspectives of the customer and the supplier. The model shows that it is possible to have a system that creates value for both the taxi driver and the passenger, while simultaneously leading to significant reduction in CO2 emissions.
Campus-Wide Initiatives
Authors: Squires Maureen E. , Martin Melissa , Mockry Jean , Puliatte Alison , Simard Denise A.
Published: November 2017

In this chapter, the authors situate mental health issues in the context of U.S. institutes of higher education. They provide a brief history of the provision of mental health services on campus and contends that postsecondary schools should shift to a campus-wide, preventive, proactive approach to promote student flourishing. Four specific areas for interventions are discussed. These include academic or curricular adjustments, increased awareness and knowledge, supportive environments, and appropriate policies and procedures. These initiatives (which are not only the responsibility of “experts”) rely on the open communication and collaboration of all members of the campus community.
Workplace Culture as a Driver for Social Change
Authors: Loverock Deanne Turnbull , Kool Richard , Kajzer-Mitchell Ingrid
Published: November 2017

An individual's employer can be a strong authority within an influential milieu. This chapter examines the impact employers committed to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can have on their staff, as measured by the type and extent of Pro-Environmental Behaviors (PEBs) practiced by staff at work and at home. Empowered internal stakeholders self-report that they adopt pro-environmental behaviors at work, find that they become habits, and report that they pass these new behaviors on to their family and members of the community. Tracking the development and diffusion of PEBs demonstrates the efficacy of CSR in action, confirming the workplace as an important leverage point that governments, businesses, and NGOs can use to encourage rapid social change.
The Art and Science in Communication
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: November 2017

One of the challenges facing the modern workforce is the increased diversity of the workforce and similarly complex prospective customers with disparate cultural backgrounds. Language barriers, cultural nuances, and value divergence can easily cause unintended misunderstandings and how low efficiency in internal communication in a multinational environment. It leads to conflict among employees and profit loss in organizational productivity. Therefore, effective communication by people from different cultures stands out significantly in the modern workforce who want to make inroads into international markets, take advantage of multiculturalism, and avoid possible side effects. The purpose of this chapter is on communication, specifically, the art and science in communication, resulting in communication skills and competencies in the modern workforce. The chapter will cover the meaning of communication, language, and history/philosophy of communication and will conclude with factors to be sensitive about when becoming effective cross cultural managers in the modern workforce.
Mastering Employee Turnover Intention in the Modern Workforce
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: November 2017

This chapter indicates the advanced issues of employee turnover intention; employee turnover intention, job satisfaction, and Human Resource Information System (HRIS); employee turnover intention and job burnout; employee turnover intention and mobbing; employee turnover intention, psychological capital, and work-family conflict; employee turnover intention and job engagement; and employee turnover intention in the health care industry. Turnover intention is a measurement of whether the organization's employees plan to leave their positions or whether that organization plans to remove employees from positions. Employee turnover is a natural part of business in any industry. Replacing employees can affect the organization's productivity, expenses, and overall performance. Understanding the effects of losing a high number of employees serves as a motivator to work toward reducing the employee turnover rate for the higher profits in the modern workforce.
Well-Being at Work
Authors: Karapinar Pinar Bayhan , Camgoz Selin Metin
Published: November 2017

Well-being is defined as individuals' subjective and global judgment whether the individual is experiencing the relative presence of positive emotions, the relative absence of negative emotions, and satisfaction with their life. This chapter addresses individuals' well-being at work, since work composes an important part of individuals' life experiences and has important effects on both employees' and organizations' effectiveness. For this purpose, this book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of well-being with respect to its predictors as well as its outcomes. More specifically, personality factors, job characteristics, and occupational stress are explored in terms of individual and organizational antecedents, whereas job satisfaction and work performance are utilized as outcomes of well-being. This chapter will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and organizational consultants in providing a comprehensive guideline about the implications of well-being at work settings.
Workplace Perceptions and Workplace Incivility in Egypt
Authors: Ewis Mamdouh Zaky
Published: November 2017

Using a sample of two hundred and ninety two administrative employees from five universities in Egypt completed the survey, the survey response rate was 58.4%, this study examined whether organizational cynicism mediated the effects of workplace perceptions represented in distributive, procedural, interactional justice (DJ, PJ and IJ), perceived organizational support (POS), and Perceived of Psychological Contract Breach (PPCB) on workplace incivility. DJ, PJ, IJ and POS were found to significantly and negatively influence both organization cynicism and workplace incivility. PPCB was found to significantly and positively influence both organization cynicism and workplace incivility. Results from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) also showed that organizational cynicism partially mediates the relationship among DJ, PJ, IJ, POS, and PPCB and workplace incivility. Implications for research and practice of our findings are discussed.
Information Privacy Concerns and Workplace Surveillance
Authors: Connolly Regina
Published: November 2017

Consumers' privacy concerns have escalated in parallel with our increasing dependence on technology and its pervasiveness into social and work environments. Many of these concerns emanate from the paradox that is the willingness of consumers to provide personal information in order to achieve a specific outcome, whilst equally harbouring the contradictory desire for such personal information to be treated as private. Although examinations of information privacy have tended to focus on the transaction environment, the computer-mediated work environment has emerged as a new and significant area of concern due to increased awareness of the ways in which technologies are now being used to monitor employee email, Internet interactions, and work productivity. Such surveillance concerns are likely to negatively impact employee morale and consequent productivity. However, little attention has been paid to this issue to date. This chapter examines a number of emerging issues concerning technology-enabled workplace surveillance and considers whether the privacy concerns of employees can be successfully balanced against managements' justification for the employment of such technologies in the workplace. In doing so, it provides a balanced perspective that will be of assistance to academics and practitioners alike in dealing with this emerging and contentious issue.