bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host CLIC4 expression in the tumor microenvironment is essential for breast cancer metastatic competence
Authors: Sanchez Vanesa C. , Yang Howard H. , Craig-Lucas Alayna , Dubois Wendy , Carofino Brandi L. , Lack Justin , Dwyer Jennifer E. , Simpson R. Mark , Cataisson Christophe , Lee Max P. , Luo Ji , Hunter Kent W. , Yuspa Stuart H.
Published: June 2022

The TGF-β-regulated Chloride Intracellular Channel 4 (CLIC4) is an essential participant in the formation of breast cancer stroma. Here, we used data available from the TCGA and METABRIC datasets to show that CLIC4 expression was higher in breast cancers from younger women and those with early-stage metastatic disease. Elevated CLIC4 predicted poor outcome in breast cancer patients and was linked to the TGF-β pathway. However, these associations did not reveal the underlying biological contribution of CLIC4 to breast cancer progression. Constitutive ablation of host Clic4 in two murine metastatic breast cancer models nearly eliminated lung metastases without reducing primary tumor weight, while tumor cells ablated of Clic4 retained metastatic capability in wildtype hosts. Thus, CLIC4 was required for host metastatic competence. Pre- and post-metastatic proteomic analysis identified circulating pro-metastatic soluble factors that differed in tumor-bearing CLIC4-deficient and wildtype hosts. Vascular abnormalities and necrosis increased in primary tumors from CLIC4-deficient hosts. Transcriptional profiles of both primary tumors and pre-metastatic lungs of tumor-bearing CLIC4-deficient hosts were consistent with a microenvironment where inflammatory pathways were elevated. Altogether, CLIC4 expression in human breast cancers may serve as a prognostic biomarker; therapeutic targeting of CLIC4 could reduce primary tumor viability and host metastatic competence.
Control of nitrogen fixation and ammonia excretion in Azorhizobium caulinodans
Authors: Haskett Timothy Lyndon , Karunakaran Ramakrishnan , Bueno Batista Marcelo , Dixon Ray , Poole Philip Simon
Published: June 2022

Due to the costly energy demands of nitrogen (N) fixation, diazotrophic bacteria have evolved complex regulatory networks that permit expression of the catalyst nitrogenase only under conditions of N starvation, whereas the same condition stimulates upregulation of high-affinity ammonia (NH3) assimilation by glutamine synthetase (GS), preventing excess release of excess NH3 for plants. Diazotrophic bacteria can be engineered to excrete NH3 by interference with GS, however control is required to minimise growth penalties and prevent unintended provision of NH3 to non-target plants. Here, we tested two strategies to control GS regulation and NH3 excretion in our model cereal symbiont Azorhizobium caulinodans AcLP, a derivative of ORS571. We first attempted to recapitulate previous work where mutation of both PII homologues glnB and glnK stimulated GS shutdown but found that one of these genes was essential for growth. Secondly, we expressed unidirectional adenylyl transferases (uATs) in a ΔglnE mutant of AcLP which permitted strong GS shutdown and excretion of NH3 derived from N2 fixation and completely alleviated negative feedback regulation on nitrogenase expression. We placed a uAT allele under control of the NifA-dependent promoter PnifH, permitting GS shutdown and NH3 excretion specifically under microaerobic conditions, the same cue that initiates N2 fixation, then deleted nifA and transferred a rhizopine nifAL94Q/D95Q-rpoN controller plasmid into this strain, permitting coupled rhizopine-dependent activation of N2 fixation and NH3 excretion. This highly sophisticated and multi-layered control circuitry brings us a step closer to the development of a "synthetic symbioses” where N2 fixation and NH3 excretion could be specifically activated in diazotrophic bacteria colonising transgenic rhizopine producing cereals, targeting delivery of fixed N to the crop while preventing interaction with non-target plants.
P450 gene duplication and divergence led to the evolution of dual novel functions and insecticide cross-resistance in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Duarte Ana , Pym Adam , Garrood William T. , Troczka Bartlomiej J. , Zimmer Christoph T. , Davies T. G. Emyr , Nauen Ralf , O’Reilly Andrias O. , Bass Chris
Published: June 2022

The sustainable control of many highly damaging insect crop pests and disease vectors is threatened by the evolution of insecticide resistance. As a consequence, strategies have been developed that aim to prevent or delay resistance development by rotating or mixing insecticides with different modes of action (MoA). However, these approaches can be compromised by the emergence of mechanisms that confer cross-resistance to insecticides with different MoA. Despite the applied importance of cross-resistance, its evolutionary underpinnings remain poorly understood. Here we reveal how a single gene evolved the capacity to detoxify two structurally unrelated insecticides with different MoA. Using transgenic approaches we demonstrate that a specific variant of the cytochrome P450 CYP6ER1, previously shown to confer resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in the brown planthopper,N.lugens, also confers cross-resistance to the phenylpyrazole ethiprole.CYP6ER1is duplicated in resistant strains, and we show that while the acquisition of mutations in two encoded substrate recognition sites (SRS) of one of the parologs led to resistance to imidacloprid, a different set of mutations, outside of known SRS, are primarily responsible for resistance to ethiprole. Epistatic interactions between these mutations and their genetic background suggest that the evolution of dual resistance from the same gene copy involved functional trade-offs in respect to CYP6ER1 catalytic activity for ethiprole versus imidacloprid. Surprisingly, the mutations leading to ethiprole and imidacloprid resistance do not confer the ability to detoxify the insecticide fipronil, another phenylpyrazole with close structural similarity to ethiprole. Taken together, these findings reveal how gene duplication and divergence can lead to the evolution of multiple novel functions from a single gene. From an applied perspective they also demonstrate how cross-resistance to structurally unrelated insecticides can evolve, and illustrate the difficulty in predicting cross-resistance profiles mediated by metabolic mechanisms.
Global sex differences in hygiene norms and their relation to sex equality
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Dickins Thomas E. , Strimling Pontus
Published: June 2022

Strict norms about hygiene may sometimes have health benefits but may also be a burden. Based on research in the United States, it has been suggested that women traditionally shoulder responsibility for hygiene standards and therefore tend to have stricter views on hygiene. However, there is little systematic research on sex differences in hygiene norms at the global scale. We set up two hypotheses: (1) Stricter hygiene norms among women than among men is a global phenomenon. (2) The size of this sex difference varies across nations with the level of sex equality. We examine these hypotheses using data from a recent international survey (N = 17,632). Participants in 56 countries were asked for their views of where it is not appropriate for people to spit and in which situations people should wash their hands. As a measure of sex equality, we use an existing country-level measure of attitudes to equality between the sexes, available for 49 nations in the study. Stricter hygiene norms among women than among men are observed almost everywhere, but there are a few exceptions (most notably Nigeria and Saudi Arabia). The size of the sex difference in hygiene norms varies strongly with the level of sex equality, but in a non-linear way. The sex difference is most pronounced in moderately egalitarian countries with the highest recorded difference being in Chile. In more egalitarian parts of the world, more sex equality is associated with a smaller sex difference in hygiene norms. In the less egalitarian parts of the world, the opposite relation holds. We offer an interpretation in terms of what different levels of sex equality mean for the content of sex roles.
Classification of early-MCI patients from healthy controls using evolutionary optimization of graph measures of resting-state fMRI, for the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative
Authors: Zamani Jafar , Sadr Ali , Javadi Amir-Homayoun
Published: June 2022

Identifying individuals with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) can be an effective strategy for early diagnosis and delay the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many approaches have been devised to discriminate those with EMCI from healthy control (HC) individuals. Selection of the most effective parameters has been one of the challenging aspects of these approaches. In this study we suggest an optimization method based on five evolutionary algorithms that can be used in optimization of neuroimaging data with a large number of parameters. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) measures, which measure functional connectivity, have been shown to be useful in prediction of cognitive decline. Analysis of functional connectivity data using graph measures is a common practice that results in a great number of parameters. Using graph measures we calculated 1155 parameters from the functional connectivity data of HC (n = 72) and EMCI (n = 68) extracted from the publicly available database of the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative database (ADNI). These parameters were fed into the evolutionary algorithms to select a subset of parameters for classification of the data into two categories of EMCI and HC using a two-layer artificial neural network. All algorithms achieved classification accuracy of 94.55%, which is extremely high considering single-modality input and low number of data participants. These results highlight potential application of rs-fMRI and efficiency of such optimization methods in classification of images into HC and EMCI. This is of particular importance considering that MRI images of EMCI individuals cannot be easily identified by experts.
Bilirubin levels and kidney function decline: An analysis of clinical trial and real world data
Authors: Aoki Yasunori , Cabrera Claudia S. , Ouwens Mario , Bamberg Krister , Nyström Jenny , Raz Itamar , Scirica Benjamin M. , Hamrén Bengt , Greasley Peter J. , Rekić Dinko
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate if previously found associations between low serum bilirubin concentration and kidney function decline is independent of hemoglobin and other key confounders.

Research design and methods

Clinical trial data from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial as well as the UK primary care electronic healthcare records, Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), were used to construct three cohorts of patients at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The randomized clinical trial (RCT) cohort from the subset of SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial consisted of 10,555 type-2 diabetic patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The two observational data cohorts from CPRD consisted of 71,104 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes (CPRD-DM2) and 82,065 newly diagnosed hypertensive (CPRD-HT) patients without diabetes. Cohorts were stratified according to baseline circulating total bilirubin levels to determine association on the primary end point of a 30% reduction from baseline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the secondary end point of albuminuria.

Results

The confounder adjusted hazard ratios of the subpopulation with lower than median bilirubin levels compared to above median bilirubin levels for the primary end point were 1.18 (1.02–1.37), 1.12 (1.05–1.19) and 1.09 (1.01–1.17), for the secondary end point were 1.26 (1.06–1.52), 1.11 (1.01–1.21) and 1.18 (1.01–1.39) for SAVOR-TIMI 53, CPRD-DM2, CPRD-HT, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings are consistent across all cohorts and endpoints: lower serum bilirubin levels are associated with a greater kidney function decline independent of hemoglobin and other key confounders. This suggests that increased monitoring of kidney health in patients with lower bilirubin levels may be considered, especially for diabetic patients.
“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program
Authors: Sim Yu Ting , Murray Carolyn , Marotti Sally , Kumar Saravana
Published: June 2022

Background

Practice-integrated education and professional development programs (also known as residencies), have been available to pharmacists in America and the United Kingdom for many years. In 2016, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia launched Australia’s novel Foundation Residency Program to support the development of early-career pharmacists, and has been implemented across many hospitals nationally. This model was adopted by the South Australian (SA) public hospital pharmacy statewide service and was granted full accreditation. The study aimed to explore key stakeholders’ expectations and early perceptions of the structure, role and impact of the SA program and in that process, to identify key influencing factors and strategies informing future program planning and design.

Methods

Purposeful sampling was adopted to recruit participants who oversee preceptors and residents, across all employment levels and pharmacy service sites. Stakeholders participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed dataset was managed using NVivo softwareTM (version 10) and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis through the lens of the PRECEDE-PROCEED logic model framework.

Results

Thirty-three staff consented to participate. Participants were de-identified with a randomly assigned code number. Three key themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis; alignment of program goals and visions, culture shift to prioritising workforce development as core business, program structure supports focused workforce development.

Conclusions

Participants view the residency as beneficial for development of the residents, preceptors, and the hospital pharmacy workforce. The multisite structure was a strength of the program. Whilst it was acknowledged that the rotations, cross-site rotations, and research project presented challenges, they were deemed worth the investment. Overall, it was felt that incremental increases in program capacity will occur over time, as culture changes, and as investing in workforce development becomes core business. The findings have led to several key recommendations to guide program expansion.
Anemia Etiology and the Response to a Gluten-Free Diet in Untreated Patients With Celiac Disease: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Roldan Giovanni A. , Goyes Daniela , Villafuerte-Gálvez Javier A. , Urquiaga Mariana , Dennis Melinda , Murray Joseph A. , Leffler Daniel A. , Kelly Ciarán P.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are common in newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease (CeD). We aim to determine the prevalence and etiology of anemia in a cohort of patients with CeD in the United States and examine the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on the laboratory parameters related to anemia in CeD.

METHODS:

We analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of adults with biopsy-proven CeD followed in a specialized CeD center between January 2000 and June 2016. We used the level of hemoglobin (Hb) and micronutrients suggested by the World Health Organization to establish the diagnosis of anemia or deficiencies. Demographic data and laboratory parameters related to anemia and micronutrients were recorded at the time of diagnosis and on a GFD. A celiac expert nutritionist or gastroenterologist evaluated all patients.

RESULTS:

In 572 patients with laboratory evaluation before starting a GFD, approximately 25% presented with anemia at the time of diagnosis of CeD. Iron deficiency was present in 50.8% of the cohort and in 78.8% of the patients with anemia. Within the anemic population, 84.4% of female patients as compared with 58.3% of male patients (P = 0.02) showed iron deficiency. Folate deficiency (23.2%), vitamin B12 deficiency (11%), and anemia of chronic diseases (7.8%) were also part of both sexes' anemia etiology. Of the initially anemic patients, 81% and 89% normalized their Hb levels within 1 year and 2 years of beginning a GFD, respectively. All patients received appropriate supplementation when needed.

DISCUSSION:

Approximately 25% of individuals have anemia at CeD diagnosis. The anemia etiology included iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, and anemia of chronic diseases. Most of the patients will normalize their Hb levels and the anemia laboratory parameters 1 year after starting a strict GFD.
Reflections, Resilience, and Recovery: A qualitative study of COVID-19's impact on an international adult population’s mental health and priorities for support
Authors: Wong Keri Ka-Yee , Loke Kimberly , Melville Kyleigh Marie Kai-Li
Published: June 2022

The impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on different countries and populations is well documented in quantitative studies, with some studies showing stable mental health symptoms and others showing fluctuating symptoms. However, the reasons behind why some symptoms are stable and others change are under-explored, which in turn makes identifying the types of support needed by participants themselves challenging. To address these gaps, this study thematically analysed 925 qualitative responses from five open-ended responses collected in the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study between 17 April to 31 July 2021 (wave 3). Three key themes comprised of 13 codes were reported by participants across countries and ages regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their health, both mental and physical, and livelihoods. These include: 1)
Outlook on self/life, 2)
Self-improvement, and 3)
Loved ones (friends and family). In terms of support, while 2.91% did not require additional support, 91% wanted support beyond financial. Other unexpected new themes were also discussed regarding vulnerable populations suffering disproportionately. The pandemic has brought into sharp focus various changes in people’s mental health, physical health, and relationships. Greater policy considerations should be given to supporting citizens’ continued access to mental health when considering pandemic recovery.
Neuropsychiatric disorders correction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Koberskaya N. N.
Published: June 2022

Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in 80% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and represent one of the most common reasons for early hospitalization and increased treatment costs. It is believed that the development of mental disorders (MD) is a marker of a number of additional adverse outcomes in patients with AD. The disease is accompanied by the development of other behavioral disorders, the most unpleasant of which are agitation (excitation) and aggression. The article discusses the causes and factors that can provoke the development of MD in AD. Traditionally used pharmacotherapeutic methods for the treatment of MD in AD in this age group have limited efficacy and are characterized by high toxicity. Antipsychotics are often associated with serious side effects and increased mortality in patients with dementia. A clinical case of AD with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders is presented. We discuss the issue of nonpharmacological strategies that have been shown to be more effective than pharmacological treatment and have fewer side effects than antipsychotic pharmacotherapy. On the example of the given clinical case, modern approaches to the correction of such complications and the management of this group of patients are shown. It seems appropriate to use memantine (akatinol memantine) in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. In clinical studies, memantine has shown a positive effect in terms of reducing the rate of deterioration of general, cognitive, functional and behavioral parameters compared with treatment with antipsychotics. The drug is characterized by a minimum number of side effects and a limited range of contraindications.
Approaches to psychotherapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Petelin D. S. , Istomina N. S. , Tsapko D. S. , Magomedov A. A. , Bezrukov V. E. , Kochergina M. S. , Gamirova A. N. , Volel B. A.
Published: June 2022

The management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain is an important biomedical problem due to the prevalence of this pathology and its resistance to therapeutic interventions. Psychosocial factors play a significant role in the formation and maintenance of chronic pain. In this regard, psychotherapeutic assistance is very important in the management of patients with chronic pain within the framework of multidisciplinary treatment. This review discusses the main psychotherapeutic approaches that have been used for chronic musculoskeletal pain: cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness therapy, psychoanalysis, hypnosis. General information about the essence of the discussed methods and the evidence base for their use in chronic pain are presented. A significant effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and techniques based on mindfulness therapy has been demonstrated.
Possibilities of antiplatelet therapy in non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Authors: Maksimova M. Yu. , Airapetova A. S.
Published: June 2022

Most patients survive their first non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (IS), but a significant proportion of them experience a second stroke within the first year. The main directions for the prevention of recurrent IS are antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy, control of glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, and smoking cessation. Clinical guidelines recommend the use of antiplatelet therapy in patients with noncardioembolic IS or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The administration of antiplatelet agents to patients who have had a TIA or stroke reduces their risk of recurrent stroke by 23% and the overall risk of vascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease) by 17% (Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration, 2009). Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the combined use of clopidogrel and ASA, and the combination of ASA with sustained release dipyridamole have been shown to be effective for secondary prevention of non-cardioembolic IS. Intensive antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of recurrent stroke, but increases the frequency of bleeding.
Cognitive and emotional disorders in patients with chronic heart failure: prospects for detection and correction
Authors: Shishkova V. N.
Published: June 2022

The article presents current data on the prevalence of anxiety, depressive disorders and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Data on the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship in the development of emotional and cognitive impairments in patients with CHF are summarized. Recommendations for screening for cognitive and emotional disorders in this patient are given. The prospects for the correction of these disorders in patients with CHF are discussed, including within the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation.
تأثير التشارك في المعرفة على أبداع الموارد البشرية دراسة استطلاعية على عينة من الإدارات الوسطى في ديوان محافظة الديوانية
Authors: Abdul-Mayaly Ashwaq A.
Published: June 2022

يحاول البحث أن يستكشف تأثير التشارك في المعرفة بأبعاده (سلوك التشارك بالمعرفة، واستراتيجية التشارك بالمعرفة) كمتغير مستقل، على أبداع الموارد البشرية بأبعاده (رأس المال البشري، والتقدم التكنولوجي) كمتغير تابع. باستخدام عينة من الإدارات الوسطى مكونة من (43) موظف من الأقسام الإدارية لديوان محافظة الديوانية. واعتمادا على تحليل نتائج الاستبانة ومعالجة المعطيات المتحصل عليها أثبتت نتائج البحث إلى وجود تأثير ذو دلالة إحصائية بين التشارك في المعرفة وأبداع الموارد البشرية، إذ يوجد أثر إيجابي للتشارك في المعرفة على رأس المال البشري، التقدم التكنولوجي. وقد خرج البحث بجملة من التوصيات تمثل أهمها في تصميم قاعدة بيانات تتناسب مع هيكلية ديوان محافظة الديوانية، تسمح بتوثيق المعرفة ضمن أقسام الديوان كافة.
اختبـار العـلاقـة بين إدارة المــوارد البشــرية الخضـراء والأداء العـالي للمـوظفـين: دراسة تحليلية لأراء عينة من الموظفين في جامعة الفرات الأوسط التقنية
Authors: Abdullah Daroon F. , Al-Zabhawi , Amir A. , Al-Kalabi Ameer N. M.
Published: June 2022

من خلال البحث الحالي يراد اختبار العلاقة الارتباط والاثر بين إدارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء من خلال أبعادها (التوظيف الأخضر، التدريب والتطوير الأخضر، إدارة وتقييم الأداء الأخضر، حفظ الطاقة) والأداء العالي للموظفين من خلال أبعاده (القدرة على القيادة، المشاركة، القدرة على التغيير، إدارة المواهب البشرية). وحددت مشكلة البحث في عدة تساؤلات، ولأجل ذلك تم صياغة أنموذج فرضي للبحث، ولأجل التأكد من صحة الفرضية الرئيسة خضعت لاختبارات متعددة للتأكد من مدى صحتها . وقد استعمل البحث الاستبانة وسيلة للحصول على البيانات، واستعمل البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كمنهج له وكان استخدامه لتدعيم وتعزيز هذه المفاهيم والتركيز على الموظفين في البيئة الجامعية ، وطبق البحث العينة العشوائية في اختيار (79) فرداً من الموظفين في جامعة الفرات الأوسط التقنية. وقد جرى تحليل البيانات باستعمال مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية، واستخرجت النتائج باستخدام البرنامج الحاسوب ( SPSS v.23 )، ومن ابرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل إليها البحث إن هنالك وضوح لدى العينة المبحوثة تجاه إدارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء، ما يعكس لنا تطبيق بعض مفاهيمها إلا انه لم توظيفها بصورة مباشرة لغـرض تحسيــن أو تحقيــق الأداء العالــي بسرعــة، وابرز التوصيات إثارة انتباه القيادة العليا الانتقال من الأداء التنظيمي إلى تحقيق أداء عالي وذلك لما له من دور فعال في تحسين مستويات أداء العاملين وإشراكهم في البرامج المختلفة لتحقيق الأهداف الملحة.مفاتيح الكلمات: ادارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء، الاداء العالي، جامعة الفرات الأوسط التقنية
اسهامات متطلبات نظام (ERP) في تعزيز الاداء المنظمي: دراسة استطلاعية لآراء المدراء في مصنع الالبسة الجاهزة – نينوى
Authors: Assamak Bashar E. , Hasan Muslim Q.
Published: June 2022

يهدف البحث الى معرفة وجود العلاقة والاثر بين متطلبات نظام ((ERP والاداء المنظمي في مصنع الالبسة الجاهزة – نينوى ليمثل مجتمع البحث،وشملت عينة البحث (28) مدير واستخدمت استمارة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات من اجل استخدامها للتعرف على العلاقة والاثر بين متطلبات نظام ERP)) المتغير المستقل و الاداء المنظمي المتغير المعتمد من خلال البرنامج الجاهز SPSS.22، ويسعى هذا البحث على اجابة السؤال التالي ماهي العلاقة والاثر بين متطلبات نظام ERP)) والاداء المنظمي؟ وقد توصل البحث الى وجود علاقة الارتباط والتأثير المعنوية بين متطلبات نظام ((ERP والاداء المنظمي، وتم اعطاء مجموعة من التوصيات.
دور القيادة الأخلاقية في تحقيق البراعة التنظيمية: دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من القياديين في عدد من المستشفيات الأهلية في مدينة أربيل
Authors: Lak Salar A. , Ali Fakhradin B. , Ababakr Kosrat M.
Published: June 2022

يهدف البحث الى بيان دور القيادة الأخلاقية في تحقيق البراعة التنظيمية في عدد من المستشفيات الأهلية في مدينة أربيل، ونفذت البحث على عينة مكونة من (40) مسؤلاَ إدارياَ موزعين على المستويات الإدارية المختلفة كمدير مستشفى، وأعضاء المجلس الإدارة، ومديري الإقسام، ومديري الوحدات والشعب، ومديري المكاتب. كما استخدم الإستبانة كالأدات رئيسة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات بالاضافة الى المقابلات الشخصية مع بعض المستجيبين. وإختبار عدد من العلاقات الارتباط والتأثير بين متغيرات البحث من أجل الحصول على الإجابات المتعلقة بمشكلة البحث في تحقيق أهداف البحث من خلال إستخدام مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية في برنامج (SPSS). وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الإستنتاجات من بينها أن العلاقة الإيجابية و المعنوية بين القيادة الأخلاقية والبراعة التنظيمية. كما يوصي البحث ضرورة اعتماد المنظمات على ممارسات القيادة الأخلاقية لإتخاذ القرارات بمشاركة العاملين ذوي الخبرات المتنوعة و المميزة.
Impact of Recent Acute Kidney Injury on Creatinine Clearance Estimation in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Fuentes Amaris , Earla Jagadeswara R. , Iso Tomona , Swan Joshua T.
Published: June 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI), often present in critically ill patients and patients with cardiac dysfunction, may alter estimates of renal function. The impact of recent AKI on the accuracy of the Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance equation (CG-CrCl) before cardiac surgery is unknown.

This single-center, retrospective study included patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 1 January 2006 through 30 June 2012 and whose 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (24hr-CrCl) was measured in the intensive care unit before surgery. We evaluated CG-CrCl accuracy by calculating absolute differences between 24hr-CrCl and CG-CrCl estimates. Clinical impact was signified by discrepancies in United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) renal impairment stage indicated by 24hr-CrCl versus CG-CrCl estimates. Acute kidney injury was evaluated by using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Of 161 patients, 93 (58%) had recent AKI: stage 1, 31 (33%); stage 2, 39 (42%); and stage 3, 23 (25%). In mL/min, the CG-CrCl overestimated 24hr-CrCl (absolute difference: total, −10 ± 25; no AKI, −7 ± 26; stage 1, −8 ± 17; stage 2, −16 ± 28; and stage 3, −10 ± 26; P=0.29). Renal impairment stages assigned by CG-CrCl did not match 24hr-CrCl in 70 (43%) of the 161 patients, especially those with recent AKI: no AKI, 24/68 (35%); stage 1, 13/31 (42%); stage 2, 23/39 (59%); and stage 3, 10/23 (43%).

The CG-CrCl consistently overestimated 24hr-CrCl in critically ill patients before cardiac surgery. Clinicians should use the CG-CrCl cautiously when estimating renal function and medication dosages in this population.
Avaliação da implementação do Programa de Educação Remota em Minas Gerais em tempos de pandemia: O que dizem os usuários?
Authors: Oliveira Breynner Ricardo , Oliveira Ana Cristina Prado , Coelho Jianne Ines Fialho
Published: June 2022

O artigo avalia a percepção dos usuários sobre a implementação do Programa de Educação Remota (Reanp) formulado pelo governo do estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foram monitorados e analisados 388 comentários de professores, alunos e responsáveis relativos a 36 postagens na página oficial do Facebook da Secretaria de Estado de Educação, realizadas entre maio e outubro de 2020. Os dados revelam que a implementação do programa e sua complexidade podem contribuir para a intensificação da desigualdade regional e social, além de apontar para a exclusão de significativa parcela dos usuários. Evidenciam-se tensões em relação às tecnologias, recursos e artefatos, assimetrias de acesso que comprometem o trabalho docente e o desempenho discente. A manifestação dos usuários sobre a implementação do Reanp indica que a emergência da política conduziu a ações verticalizadas e improvisadas, aumento nos níveis de discricionariedade, indução de níveis distintos de comprometimento e motivação.
Unprecedented and unmasked: An analysis of how district policy documents frame special education during the COVID crisis
Authors: Woulfin Sarah L. , Jones Britney
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 school closures disrupted special education. In Fall 2020, districts sought to reopen schools, recover from the shocks of the pandemic, and implement special education to serve students with disabilities. Using policy document data from the United States’ 25 largest school districts, we surface patterns in how districts communicated problems and solutions related to special education for the 2020-21 school year. Drawing on concepts from framing theory, we analyzed messaging on special education embedded in 71 district policy documents. Specifically, we assessed the nature and foci of 520 special education policy frames. The 520 frames contained ideas on problems and solutions regarding special education. Results indicate that this set of districts foregrounded how to implement the compliance and intervention models of special education in their formal communication but devoted less attention to the equity model of special education. Districts rarely defined underlying problems in special education implementation amid pandemic schooling. We discuss potential consequences of these patterns in messaging on special education. Finally, we present evidence- and theory-based recommendations for policy, practice, and scholarship on the implementation of special education with attention to recuperating from pandemic-related impacts.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK, KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP CITRA MEREK DAN KEPERCAYAAN MEREK
Authors: Simbolon Parri Sujodi , Sukresna I Made
Published: June 2022

Gudang Garam is a leading clove cigarette producer which is identical to Indonesia, which is one of the main centers of spice trade in the world. Since 1989 to 2006, PT Gudang Garam Tbk (GGRM) had dominated the market with a share of around 28% to 47%. But since the first quarter of 2007, PT HM Sampoerna Tbk (HMSP), with the support of Philip Morris, takled Gudang Garam down and dominated the national cigarette industry. This study aims to analyze the effect of product innovation, marketing communication and product quality on brand image and brand trust in of Gudang Garam cigarettes. The variables used in this study are product innovation, marketing communication and product quality as independent variables, brand trust as an intervening variable and brand image as the dependent variable. The population used in this study is Gudang Garam branded cigarette consumers in the city of Semarang. The numbers of samples used were 200 respondents. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analytical technique using AMOS 23 analysis application and also assisted with SPSS analysis. The results of this study show that there is an interrelated connection among product innovation, marketing communication, and product quality towards brand image and brand trust., product quality has a positive and significant effect on brand image and brand trust and brand trust has a positive influence and significant towards brand image
Is learning really just believing? A meta-analysis of self-efficacy and achievement in SLA
Authors: Goetze Julia , Driver Meagan
Published: June 2022

The positive psychology movement (Seligman, 1998) has contributed to the proclamation of a positive turn in second language acquisition (SLA) (MacIntyre et al., 2016). Within the context of individual differences, self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997), an individual’s judgment of their capability to achieve goals, has gained particular interest in language learning (e.g., Lake, 2013). The present study meta-analyzes a body of research that has investigated the relationship between second language (L2) self-efficacy and L2 achievement by exploring 1) reporting practices in this domain, 2) the strength and direction of the relationship, and 3) the effects of moderator variables on the self-efficacy-achievement link. A comprehensive literature search uncovered 37 studies, which contributed to a total of 40 independent samples (N = 23,050). The average observed effect in the sample was r = .46. A moderator analysis showed systematic variations in the effect size for learners’ first language, target language, proficiency level, and both self-efficacy and achievement type. We discuss our findings with respect to theoretical constructs and methodological practices and suggest implications for L2 pedagogy and future research into self-efficacy in SLA.
The DPG Method for the Convection-Reaction Problem, Revisited
Authors: Demkowicz Leszek Feliks , Roberts Nathan V. , Muñoz-Matute Judit
Published: June 2022

We study both conforming and non-conforming versions of the practical DPG method for the convection-reaction problem.
We determine that the most common approach for DPG stability analysis – construction of a local Fortin operator – is infeasible for the convection-reaction problem.
We then develop a line of argument based on a direct proof of discrete stability; we find that employing a polynomial enrichment for the test space does not suffice for this purpose, motivating the introduction of a (two-element) subgrid mesh.
The argument combines mathematical analysis with numerical experiments.
Mental Health Strategies Informed by Black Feminist Thought
Authors: Oliphant Vanessa Nicole , Broyles Deja , Clement Déjà N. , Wingate LaRicka R.
Published: June 2022

There is currently a gap in the literature that explicitly connects Black feminist thought with psychological theory, research, or intervention. This article review aims to assist in filling the gap and inspire scholars to actively utilize the knowledge of Black feminism and apply it to culturally specific mental health resources for Black women. There is a need for a new generation of Black feminists to intentionally center Black women’s mental health in psychological research and therapeutic practices. Black women’s mental health is an important part of Black feminism, and accordingly psychological theory, research, and intervention should actively incorporate Black feminist thought. This article seeks to call attention to specific ways Black women can preserve and strengthen their mental health and maintain resiliency. Specifically, this review highlights three Black feminist-informed strategies that can aid in supporting Black women’s mental health: practicing essential/critical affirmations, raising Black consciousness, and intentional self-definition.
Parameter identification for portfolio optimization with a slow stochastic factor
Authors: Hu Lei , Xu Dinghua
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we intend to identify two significant parameters – expected return and absolute risk aversion – in the Merton portfolio optimization problem under an exponential utility function where volatility is driven by a slow mean-reverting diffusion process.
First, we find the approximate solution of the fully nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for the Merton model by the stochastic asymptotic approximation method.
Second, we estimate parameters – expected return and absolute risk aversion – through the approximate solution and prove the uniqueness and stability of the parameter identification problem.
Finally, we provide an illustrative example to demonstrate the capacity and efficiency of our method.
Nonlinear effects on WDM optical communication system
Authors: Rengachary Gopalan Sangeetha , Chandran Hemanth , Ranganath Badikela Srikar , Saketh K. Adithya
Published: June 2022

A dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system improves the capacity of an optical communication system. On the other hand, nonlinear effects are critical issues that limit the performance of the DWDM system. The nonlinear effects of self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing affect optical communication’s capacity. This paper focuses on mitigating the nonlinear effect of cross-phase modulation in the DWDM system with a suitable technique.
The dental-alveolar contrast in Mapudungun: loss, preservation, and extension
Authors: Molineaux Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Dialects of the South American language Mapudungun are claimed to display a dental-alveolar contrast across four manners of consonant articulation: stops, nasals, laterals, and fricatives. Such a full, symmetrical system of distinctions among coronals is typologically unique and, as such, is predicted to be unstable. This paper’s survey of contemporary data, however, shows that, despite lexical contrast being marginal and dentals being morphologically restricted, the distinction is highly salient to native speakers of the more vital dialects. A careful examination of the pattern’s historical roots and diachronic stability, furthermore, allows us to reconstruct it throughout the 400-year textual record. Indeed, the early descriptions and transcriptions shown that, instead of contracting, the contrast expanded, by borrowing the alveolar fricative /s/ from Quechuan and Spanish. The historical and articulatory data shows that while /t̪ n̪ l̪ θ/ are laminal, /t n l/ are apical. Incoming /s/, however, does not follow the pattern, being laminal and prompting a reorganization of featural contrasts among fricatives. As a result of erosion of native fluency under Spanish contact, loss of the dental-alveolar contrast has become commonplace, although there is much variation across speaker, dialect, and manner of articulation. Crucially, dialects which had only voiced fricatives until the borrowing of /s/ seem to have added voicing as a new contrastive feature, helping to preserve the coronal contrast among fricatives, even where vitality is reduced.
How Do You Like Your Justice, Bent or Unbent?
Authors: Moen Lars J. K.
Published: June 2022

Principles of justice, David Estlund argues, cannot be falsified by people’s unwillingness to satisfy them. In his Utopophobia, Estlund rejects the view that justice must bend to human motivation to deliver practical implications for how institutions ought to function. In this paper, I argue that a substantive argument against such bending of justice principles must challenge the reasons for making these principles sensitive to motivational limitations. Estlund, however, provides no such challenge. His dispute with benders of justice is therefore a verbal one over the true meaning of justice, which need not worry those with the intuition that justice should perform a function that requires bending. By focusing on John Rawls’s reasons for bending his justice principles, I point towards a substantive critique of bent justice.
Crystal structure of 4-(((2-(3-(1-(3-(3-cyanophenyl)-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)ethyl)phenyl) pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)methyl)-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium chloride monohydrate, C30H33N6O2Cl
Authors: Yao Han , Yan Ming , Li Xingshu , Hu Jinhui
Published: June 2022

C30H33N6O2Cl monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 13.7983(8) Å, b = 7.3771(3) Å, c = 14.3578(7) Å, β = 101.730(5)°, V = 1430.97(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0525, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1285, T = 170 K.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(η
6-toluene)(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)ruthenium(II) hexafluoridophosphate(V) ─ acetone (1/1) C22H26ClN2ORuPF6
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: June 2022

C22H26ClN2ORuPF6, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.2106(4) Å, b = 10.8139(4) Å, c = 11.1963(4) Å, α = 93.765(2)°, β = 90.418(1)°, γ = 94.324(2)°, V = 1229.98(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0251, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0683, T = 100 K.
A Graduation Approach-Based Program for Victims of Colombia’s Armed Conflict: Lessons for Economic Inclusion
Authors: León-Jurado Viviana , Maldonado Jorge H.
Published: June 2022

Transformando Mi Futuro (Transforming my Future) is a poverty reduction program implemented by the Colombian government as part of the strategy to support and repair the victims of the armed conflict. The program is based on the graduation approach that implies a comprehensive intervention in which the household receives consumption support, financial education, asset transfer, technical training, and instruction in life skills. However, unlike other graduation programs, this one targeted the urban population and did not offer direct transfers. Its primary purpose was to build capacities among those households who reported wanting to invest their legal monetary compensation as victims in productive projects. A before-after approach was employed to evaluate this program. The main results highlight positive changes in well-being and a reduction in the gap between the current perception of well-being, expectations for two and five years in the future, and positive changes in labor income and informal savings. These results suggest that the program contributed to improve the living conditions of participating households. However, a heterogeneity analysis shows that changes are differentiated according to participants’ initial labor status.
A convergent hybrid three-term conjugate gradient method with sufficient descent property for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Diphofu T. , Kaelo P. , Tufa A.R.
Published: June 2022

Conjugate gradient methods are very popular for solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems because of their simplicity to implement and low memory requirements. In this paper, we present a hybrid three-term conjugate gradient method with a direction that always satisfies the sufficient descent condition. We establish global convergence of the new method under the weak Wolfe line search conditions. We also report some numerical results of the proposed method compared to relevant methods in the literature.
Community Belonging in Local Character Anecdotes
Authors: Borland Katherine
Published: June 2022

Local character narratives offer a fruitful corpus for exploring the relation between community belonging, identity and narrator stance. After summarizing North American scholarship on the local character genre, I explore the ways two narrators establish their storytelling rights to a rural Maine narrative tradition. Adopting an interactionist orientation toward discourse, I map the ways that the narrators position themselves with respect to each other and to their internalized other, the local character. I demonstrate that community belonging, and the storytelling rights that such belonging confers, is a discursive accomplishment that transcends stable class and geographic positions. The character story offers narrators a way to simultaneously identify with the most marginal, most emblematic members of their community while at the same time distinguishing themselves as normative citizens. Recognizing identities as plural, multi-voiced and sometimes conflicting, I challenge folklorists to explore how differently situated narrators can participate in a tradition that is attached to a particular place. I suggest we replace the notion of positionality –an enumeration of fixed identity features – with that of positioning – a discursive and social accomplishment – in our discussions of storytelling rights.
Fear of Magically Induced Love in Estonian Traditional and Contemporary Belief Narratives
Authors: Hiiemäe Reet
Published: June 2022

The loss of control over one’s mind, body and behavior is one of the most common psychological fears that is often also expressed in belief narratives. The aim of this article is to comparatively analyse beliefs and narratives of magically-induced love in Estonian older tradition and contemporary folklore in order to find out to what extent the emphases and explanation models related to allowed and forbidden types of such magic intrusion have changed, and which elements are universal in both sources. There are several hundred archival texts about feelings and opinions related to magically-induced love in Estonian older folklore collections, but the topic is also still vital in contemporary folklore, being well visible in women’s internet forums and media narrations, and the ability to impose love magic or protect someone against it are often listed among the skills of modern healers and spiritual practitioners. The aim is to exemplify the important role of belief folklore in formulating and interpreting fears and desires related to feelings, and associated behavior over time in its interplay with societal changes.
What haven't we found? Recognising the value of negative evidence in archaeology
Authors: Thomas Roger , Darvill Timothy
Published: June 2022

Large-scale development-led archaeology has changed the very nature of archaeological datasets. In addition to the familiar positive evidence of structures and deposits, there is now a wealth of ‘true-negative’ evidence: the confirmed absence of archaeological remains. Making good use of such data presents a challenge and demands new ways of thinking. Using case studies based on recent developer-led work in the UK, the authors suggest that focusing on ‘fingerprints’ of past human activity at a landscape scale provides a useful approach. The results argue in favour of changes to existing recording systems, as well as the need to integrate more fully both positive and negative evidence in archaeological interpretation.