bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação de professores/as no sistema prisional do Estado de Alagoas: avanços, limites e possibilidades
Authors: Karla Loureiro da Silva Ana , Da Conceição Valença da Silva Maria
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar dispositivos constantes no Plano Estadual de Educação nas Prisões (PEEP) do Estado de Alagoas relacionados à formação de professores/as das unidades prisionais. É reconhecida a importância de discutir aspectos da formação docente dos/as profissionais que atuam no âmbito prisional, no sentido de evidenciar avanços, limites e possibilidades tanto no que diz respeito à formação, quanto às suas implicações para o exercício da docência. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, respaldada pela perspectiva de investigação analítico-descritiva e interpretativa, com abordagem de complementaridade qualitativa-quantitativa. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram realizados pesquisa e estudo bibliográficos e aplicado um questionário para gestoras vinculados ao processo educacional das unidades prisionais alagoanas. A análise das informações coletadas se deu pela análise documental, bem como buscou interpretar o sentido do evento a partir do significado que as participantes atribuem ao que falam e fazem. Dos resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou como avanço os fundamentos educacionais que referendam o PEEP, a saber: o respeito às identidades, às experiências e aos saberes dos estudantes, a problematização da realidade na qual ocorre o processo educacional e o diálogo como princípio da educação, importantes fatores que podem subsidiar a formação dos/as professores/as das unidades prisionais; um dos limites é o distanciamento entre estes fundamentos e as proposições para a formação e a atuação dos/as professores/as; e como possibilidades uma revisão dos dispositivos constantes no PEEP e a realização de parcerias das instâncias governamentais com universidades púbicas em prol da formação de professores/as que atuam nas unidades prisionais.
Educação em espaços de privação de liberdade no Chile- Entrevista com Violeta Acuña-Collado
Authors: Maria Cammarosano Onofre Elenice , Cristina Rodrigues Caldas Edla , Luiz Pereira Alves dos Santos André
Published: January 2022

Violeta Acuña-Collado, pesquisadora do tema Desenvolvimento de Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Processos Formativos da Universidade de Playa Ancha, Ciencias de la Educación, Val Paraiso, Chile, compartilhou suas experiências e dificuldades no campo da Educação para Jovens e Adultos nos espaços de privação de liberdade em contexto atual, no Chile. Teceu ricas considerações sobre as mudanças ocorridas pela pandemia COVID-19, traçou similaridades e diferenças sobre a Educação para Jovens e Adultos, em uma perspectiva da América Latina e como a pandemia vem (re)significando algumas estruturas na sociedade.
Contação de história associada ao lúdico no ensino e aprendizagem de Inglês
Authors: Mincato Marina Camargo , Spicer-Escalante Maria Luisa , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo visa analisar quais as contribuições que uma prática de ensino fundamentada em uma abordagem lúdica a partir da contação de histórias pode proporcionar para a aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa no 1º Ano do Ensino Fundamental. Tomando-se por base a história The Very Hungry Caterpillar, do autor Eric Carle (1996), o estudo contempla atividades lúdicas em duas turmas de 1º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, sendo uma delas que tem a Língua Inglesa como componente curricular na rede privada de Caxias do Sul, e a outra em uma escola pública de Porto Alegre no âmbito do Projeto BIBLIOTECA VIVA: espaço de apoio aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Buscou-se, ainda, identificar os resultados da aprendizagem dos alunos nas duas realidades, comparando as possibilidades das escolas pública e privada. Com a execução da prática de ensino, evidenciou-se que, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis ou do espaço na grade curricular, o ensino de Língua Estrangeira, no caso a Língua Inglesa, pode acontecer sim no contexto escolar, seja ele público ou privado, uma vez que os alunos, mesmo não dispondo de conhecimento prévio, atingiram os objetivos previamente estipulados a partir do trabalho com os conteúdos propostos em sintonia com a contação de uma história de forma lúdica.
Retratos de (ausências de) práticas educativas utilizando TDIC em aulas de Matemática na Educação Básica
Authors: Antunes Victor Hugo Ricco Bone , Cibotto Rosefran Adriano Gonçales
Published: January 2022

A presente pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, teve como objetivo identificar, na opinião de futuros professores de Matemática em formação inicial, como ocorreu a prática educativa do uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no ensino de Matemática, enquanto estudavam na Educação Básica. Os sujeitos, no momento de realização da pesquisa, cursavam o primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática em uma universidade pública paranaense em quatro campi diferentes. Para a coleta de dados, um questionário foi respondido por 71 sujeitos, dos quais três participaram de uma entrevista para complementar as informações. As análises foram apoiadas na Análise Textual Discursiva, que culminou na criação de três categorias, uma relacionada à forma e dificuldades na utilização das TDIC, outra às vantagens no uso desses recursos e a terceira aos motivos apontados pelos sujeitos para a não utilização de tecnologias digitais em suas aulas de Matemática, enquanto alunos. Os resultados evidenciam que apenas 14 sujeitos tiveram contato com as TDIC na Educação Básica, e que, dentre esses, 11 consideram que o uso dessas tecnologias para o ensino trouxe benefícios para sua compreensão dos conteúdos, tornando as aulas mais dinâmicas e atrativas. Os sujeitos relataram que diversos professores possuíam dificuldades em utilizar as TDIC.
Perspectiva de discentes do curso de Pedagogia sobre a tutoria e interação na EAD
Authors: Soares Deyse Mara Romualdo , Costa Cleide Jane de Sá Araújo , Mercado Luís Paulo Leopoldo
Published: January 2022

A educação a distância (EAD) está fundamentada na interação entre os estudantes e professores, engajados num elo que determina o acesso nesse processo de ensino e conhecimento. Nesse cenário, a tutoria se destaca como uma das relevantes questões a ser estudada e abordada, pois, há a necessidade de formar esses profissionais para atuarem nessa modalidade de ensino. Diante disso, o artigo tem o objetivo analisar o papel da tutoria online e suas interações de narrativas, de acordo com a compreensão dos estudantes em uma disciplina eletiva do curso de Pedagogia, na modalidade presencial, de uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) pública do estado de Alagoas. De abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, o estudo teve como sujeitos, sete estudantes do referido curso. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: questionário e observação das interações dos estudantes nos fóruns. A análise se deu de forma interpretativa utilizando-se do software Sobek para auxiliar na análise, seguindo as categorias: tutoria; interações no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA); interação professor-tutor e estudantes. O estudo mostrou que para os estudantes, a experiência de atuar na tutoria foi um momento de aprendizagem sobre esse papel; consideraram que em alguns momentos não houve interações entre eles; enfatizaram que o papel da tutoria está arraigado na mediação do conhecimento do aluno da EAD. Torna-se relevante refletir sobre a inserção de disciplinas EAD no currículo das universidades, no processo de formação inicial dos professores.
Questionário autoavaliativo como instrumento de avaliação e de aprendizagem de licenciandos em ciências da natureza
Authors: Shaw Gisele Soares Lemos
Published: January 2022

Considerando a complexidade da formação inicial de professores e a insuficiência de testes e provas como instrumentos de avaliação desse processo, objetivou-se analisar as potencialidades de questionário autoavaliativo. O questionário foi desenvolvido e adaptado para avaliação da aprendizagem de vinte licenciandos em ciências da natureza após sua vivência de práticas interdisciplinares. O questionário, composto por seis questões abertas, com base em critérios pré-definidos, foi aplicado aos estudantes de licenciatura que estavam em processo de residência pedagógica em ciências, em escolas do interior da Bahia. Os critérios que basearam as perguntas do instrumento foram: aquisição de conhecimentos e de habilidades para docência; colaboração com a equipe; conteúdos; abordagem interdisciplinar; criatividade e relação com o aluno. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa e teve como método o estudo de caso avaliativo. Os dados foram coletados após a realização de sequências didáticas interdisciplinares pelos licenciandos e foram examinados pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que o referido instrumento possibilitou a autorreflexão dos estudantes sobre suas práticas pedagógicas e propiciou a aferição de suas aprendizagens em relação a: conhecimentos e habilidades docentes, conteúdos, abordagem interdisciplinar, criatividade, colaboração com equipe e relação com seus estudantes. Ponderou-se que a análise auxiliou no refinamento da referida ferramenta avaliativa, melhorando-a para aplicação junto a outros grupos de estudantes em formação interdisciplinar, inclusive no âmbito de programas, tais como o de Residência Pedagógica.
Carta ao leitor
Authors: Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues Reali Aline
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Apresentação do Dossiê Educação em prisões: experiências educativas, formação de professores e de agentes socioeducativos
Authors: Onofre Elenice Maria Cammarosano
Published: January 2022

Apresentação do Dossiê Educação em prisões: experiências educativas, formação de professores e de agentes socioeducativos.
Convite à leitura
Authors: Ireland Timothy Denis
Published: January 2022

Convite à leitura. Dossiê Educação em prisões: experiências educativas, formação de professores e de agentes socioeducativos.
Educação judiciária com adolescentes no Município de São Carlos/SP
Authors: Cesar Francisco Julio , Esquerdo Lopes Roseli
Published: January 2022

Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise e discussão das concepções e das práticas educativas interinstitucionais no funcionamento do Sistema Socioeducativo do Município de São Carlos – São Paulo. O problema de pesquisa é sintetizado pela seguinte questão norteadora: Quais são as concepções e as práticas educativas para o funcionamento do Sistema Socioeducativo no Município de São Carlos? De maneira a responder a essa questão, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo no processo científico, sustentada por uma abordagem epistemológica que visa produzir o concreto pensado no processo de abstração, análise e síntese da realidade, de fundamento materialista histórico-dialético na produção de conhecimento. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam perspectivas de cooperação entre as instituições para o funcionamento dos procedimentos de apuração e de acolhimento aos jovens acusados da prática infracional. Identificou-se uma vontade dos agentes do poder público em congregar as responsabilidades entre instituições e parceiros da sociedade, de modo a buscar uma melhor articulação do trabalho socioeducativo e oferecer uma estrutura mais adequada aos jovens, orientados pelas tendências educativas técnico-científica, repressivo-reprodutivista e humanista-existencial. Na diversidade de concepções e de especificidades nas funções de cada instituição, depreende-se um engajamento para a consolidação de uma pedagogia da cooperação, em vista de minimizar as problemáticas de violências e de infrações que envolvem a população jovem.
Invasion meltdown and burgeoning threats of invasive fish species in inland waters of India in the era of climate change
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Srivastava Sharad C
Published: January 2022

Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus are the most abundantly captured invasive fish species in the mid-stretch of the Ganga river. Fish yield and biomass data based on mean abundance by weight was calculated using algorithms and spatio-temporal population dynamics model for future prediction of these invasive fish species. Temporal biomass forecast based on mean abundance by wieght for the period from 2020 to 2029 was determined. The findings of this study predicted fish yield of 176 ± 16.33 kg km-1 day-1C. carpio and 55.43 ± 6.4 kg km-1 day-1 O. niloticus during 2029 which might result into 117.87% and 116.9% rise in temporal biomass of Common Carp and Tilapia respectively in a decade's time while 139.2% rise in temporal biomass was predicted for the invasive African catfish. The yield of invasive Common Carp, Tilapia and African Catfish was correlated with rainfall and temperature data using ANOVA and we found that variance was F = 1.36; p = 0.263 for C. carpio; F = 1.60; p = 0.326 for O. niloticus and F = 1.63; p = 0.101 for C. gariepinus, indicating that variance was very close for Tilapia and African Catfish. The observed values of variance indicated that climatic changes had more impact to these two species than to the Common Carp. The concrete and forecast values were calculated considering 95% lower and upper level of confidence, which was significant (p <0.05) and the annual regression was found to be p < 0.464, p < 0.419 and p < 0.499 for C. carpio, O. niloticus and C. gariepinus, respectively. Further, interactive performance of invaded C. carpio, O. niloticus and C. gariepinus was also assessed for understanding invasion meltdown. The results of mean abundance by weight based yield forecast of invaded Tilapia, Common Carp and African Catfish for the period of 2020 to 2029 suggest a stable production in the Ganga River in years to come. It also manifests a positive pattern of invasion in the times of climate change displaying invasion meltdown. This suggests increased pressures of fish invasions on temporal and spatial scales, and imposing new management challenges for freshwater ecosystems.
Investigating the Environmental and the Energy Saving Behavior among School Principals through Classification Algorithms
Authors: Ntanos Stamatios , Kyriakopoulos Grigorios L. , Anagnostopoulos Theodoros , Xanthopoulos Theodoros , Kytagias Christos , Drosos Dimitrios
Published: January 2022

Buildings are a significant energy consumption point since they account for 40% of the total energy demand and around 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy-saving measures applied in the residential sector have led to a reduction in energy consumption during the last decade. On the contrary, such measures have not been widely applied in school buildings, although education is the second-largest energy consumer in the service sector. This paper aims to assess school principals' perceptions concerning energy saving and the environment since they are responsible for promoting energy-saving measures and investments and inspiring students and school personnel towards environmentally friendly behavior. Using survey data from Greek schools, we applied predictive classification models to locate the most critical variables that drive principals' perceptions of energy upgrading and energy-saving actions at school. Results revealed that the positive environmental perceptions of principals, the level of knowledge on Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and the active energy-saving behavior are related to energy-saving actions and energy upgrading in school environment. Furthermore, the creation of more RES oriented courses is related to positive energy-saving behavior and actions. Thus, emphasis should be put on educating and informing the school principals concerning RES technologies and energy-saving options since they are critical players in applying energy-saving measures in school buildings
ANALISIS AKURASI DARI PERBEDAAN FUNGSI KERNEL DAN COST PADA SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE STUDI KASUS KLASIFIKASI CURAH HUJAN DI JAKARTA
Authors: Pratiwi Noviana , Setyawan Yudi
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada perbandingan beberapa fungsi kernel, cost dan proporsi data training pada Support Vector Machine terhadap akurasi pengklasifikasian curah hujan di Jakarta. Fungsi-fungsi kernel linier, Gauss dan polynomial digunakan untuk memodifikasi metode Support Vector Machine guna menyelesaikan kasus nonlinier yang sering terjadi pada kondisi real.  Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi temperatur, kelembaban, penyinaran matahari dan kecepatan angin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai support vector terkecil tidak memberikan akurasi yang tertinggi pada masing-masing fungsi kernel. Selain itu, proporsi dataset (training:testing) sebesar  90%:10% memberikan akurasi sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akurasi untuk proporsi 80%:20% untuk masing-masing fungsi kernel. Secara keseluruhan, akurasi tertinggi diperoleh pada proporsi 90%:10% oleh fungsi kernel linier dan polinom untuk cost 1 dan 1000 secara bersamaan yaitu 78,38%.Kata Kunci : Cost, Gauss, Kernel, linear, polynomial, Abstract. This research focuses on the comparison of several kernel functions, costs and proportions of data training on the Support Vector Machine to the accuracy of classifying rainfall in Jakarta. The linear, Gaussian and polynomial kernel functions were applied to modify the Support Vector Machine method to solve non-linear cases that often occur in actual conditions. The variables used in this study comprised of temperature, humidity, sunlight and wind speed. The analysis disclosed that the smallest support vector value did not provide the highest accuracy value for each kernel. In addition, the proportion of the dataset (training:testing) of 90%:10% provided a slightly higher accuracy compared to the accuracy for the proportion of 80%:20% for each kernel function. Overall, the highest accuracy attained at the proportion of 90%:10% by linear and polynomial kernel functions for cost 1 and 1000 simultaneously, which was 78.38%.
FREE CONVECTION FLOW OVER A HORIZONTAL POROUS FLAT PLATE WITH THE EFFECT OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
Authors: Ghani Mohammad
Published: January 2022

We are interested in study of the velocity (𝑓′) and temperature (𝜃) profiles for fluid flow over the surface of porous flat plate with the effect of magnetohydrodynamics. The dimensional equations are first transformed into the non-dimensional equations. Then, we transform the non-dimensional equations into the similar equations using stream functions. The numerical results are based on the discretization of similar equations using the finite difference method of Keller-Box. Based on the numerical results, the velocity profiles (𝑓′) decrease when the viscoelastic parameter (𝐾), Prandtl number (𝑃𝑟), magnetic parameter (𝑀), porosity parameter (𝑃) are increased. Moreover, the temperature profile (𝜃) is increased when the viscoelastic parameter (𝐾) and magnetic parameter (𝑀) are increased. However, the temperature profile (𝜃) decreases when Prandtl number (𝑃𝑟) and porosity (𝑃) are increased.
Analyse épidémiologique de l’émergence et de la disparition du variant Kappa du SRAS-CoV-2 dans une région de la Colombie-Britannique, Canada
Authors: Ghafari Cher , Benusic Michael , Prystajecky Natalie , Sbihi Hind , Kamelian Kimia , Hoang Linda
Published: January 2022

Contexte : Le variant Kappa est désigné comme un variant d’intérêt (VI) du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). Nous avons recensé 195 cas du variant Kappa dans une région de la Colombie-Britannique, au Canada, le plus grand agrégat spatio-temporel publié en Amérique du Nord. Objectifs : Décrire l’épidémiologie du variant Kappa en relation avec d’autres variants préoccupants (VP) du SRAS-CoV-2 en circulation dans la région afin de déterminer si l’épidémiologie du variant Kappa demande un statut de VI ou de VP. Méthodes : Les échantillons cliniques qui se sont avérés positifs pour le SRAS-CoV-2 collectés entre le 10 mars et le 2 mai 2021 ont été examinés pour la détection des VP circulants connus; environ 50 % des échantillons ont ensuite été sélectionnés pour le séquençage du génome entier. Une analyse épidémiologique a été réalisée en comparant les caractéristiques des cas Kappa aux principaux variants circulant dans la région (Alpha et Gamma) et aux cas non VP/VI. Résultats : Au total, 2 079 cas de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ont été signalés dans la région pendant la période d’étude, dont 54 % ont été sélectionnés pour le séquençage du génome entier. Les 1 131 cas séquencés ont été classés en Kappa, Alpha, Gamma et non VP/VI. Alors que les cas Alpha et Gamma se sont avérés avoir un taux d’attaque significativement plus élevé parmi les contacts familiaux par rapport aux cas non VI/VP, ce n’était pas le cas pour le variant Kappa. Conclusion : L’analyse épidémiologique soutient la désignation du variant Kappa comme un VI et non un VP. Les variants Alpha et Gamma se sont avérés plus transmissibles, ce qui explique leur domination ultérieure dans la région et la disparition rapide du variant Kappa. Les stratégies de surveillance des variants doivent mettre l’accent à la fois sur la détection des VP établis et sur la détection de nouveaux VP potentiels.
Escherichia coli O103 outbreak associated with minced celery among hospitalized individuals in Victoria, British Columbia, 2021
Authors: Smith Courtney , Griffiths Allison , Allison Sandra , Hoyano Dee , Hoang Linda
Published: January 2022

Background: In April 2021, a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) (STEC) O103 outbreak was identified among patients at two hospitals in Victoria, British Columbia (BC). The objective of this study is to describe this outbreak investigation and identify issues of food safety for high-risk products prepared for vulnerable populations. Methods: Confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were reported to the Island Health communicable disease unit. The provincial public health laboratory conducted whole genome sequencing on confirmed case isolates, as per routine practice for STEC in BC. Exposure information was obtained through case interviews and review of hospital menus. Federal and local public health authorities conducted an inspection of the processing plant for the suspect source. Results: Six confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were identified, all related by whole genome sequencing. The majority of cases were female (67%) and the median age was 61 years (range 24–87 years). All confirmed cases were inpatients or outpatients at two hospitals and were exposed to raw minced celery within prepared sandwiches provided by hospital food services. A local processor supplied the minced celery exclusively to the two hospitals. Testing of product at the processor was infrequent, and chlorine rinse occurred before mincing. The spread of residual E. coli contamination through the mincing process, in addition to temperature abuse at the hospitals, are thought to have contributed to this outbreak. Conclusion: Raw vegetables, such as celery, are a potential source of STEC and present a risk to vulnerable populations. Recommendations from this outbreak include more frequent testing at the processor, a review of the chlorination and mincing process and a review of hospital food services practices to mitigate temperature abuse.
Bacteriemia por Helicobacter cinaedi en paciente con colitis ulcerosa: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Sidak Kateryna , Pérez-Tanoira Ramón , Gomez-Herruz Peña
Published: January 2022

Objectivos

Helicobacter cinaedi es un bacilo gramnegativo espirilar que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos.

Caso clínico

Varón de 49 años que padece colitis ulcerosa desde 1992 y que acudió a las Urgencias de nuestro hospital por fiebre y dolor testicular. El paciente fue dado de alta con diagnóstico de epididimitis aguda izquierda, con probable transmisión sexual. En las Urgencias se le administró ceftriaxona intravenosa y fue dado de alta con doxiciclina como tratamiento durante 10 días y teniendo buena evolución. Los frascos aerobios de hemocultivos fueron positivos a los tres días de la extracción, en la tinción de Gram se observaron bacilos gramnegativos con morfología espiral en forma de sacacorchos. El análisis realizado tanto del contenido de la botella de hemocultivo como de las colonias crecidas en agar Campylosel incubado en ambiente microaerófilo a 42 °C se identificaron como H. cinaedi mediante el sistema Maldi-TOF Biotyper 3.0 (Bruker Diagnostics Inc.).

Conclusiones

El análisis directo de la botella de hemocultivo utilizando el sistema Maldi-TOF permitió identificar la etiología de la bacteriemia, ya que H. cinaedi no hubiese crecido en los medios habituales de cultivo. No existe ningún consenso con respecto al tratamiento, pero la combinación de ceftriaxona con doxiciclina puede ser eficaz para el tratamiento de la bacteriemia producida por H. cinaedi, la cual se produce debido a la translocación de la bacteria desde el tracto gastrointestinal. Esta bacteriemia va asociada al daño de mucosa intestinal por colitis ulcerosa y tiene lugar principalmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos.
Isolation and characterization of bioactive phenolic compounds from Cinnamomum camphora barks
Authors: Shu Peng-Hua , Fei Ying-Ying , Li Ya-Min , Xu Ting , Lou Yue-Yue , Yang Yuan , Zhang Hui , Li Nian-Ci , Wei Xia-Lan , Xiao Fu-Gang , Huang Ji-Hong
Published: January 2022

Two new phenolic rhamnosides (1–2) and 12 known phenolic compounds (3–14) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum camphora barks by repeated column chromatography. The structures of all isolated compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis such as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, optical rotatory dispersion and chemical method. In vitro assay revealed that compound 8 showed strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, and compounds 1, 3–7, 8–9, 13 showed obvious acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.
Optimizing the two-stage adsorber of NaOH-activated coconut shell carbon for methylene blue removal
Authors: Wong Ada Chu Wen , Lawal Sirajo , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This work was aimed at optimizing the adsorbent mass and contact time and evaluating the performance of two-stage batch adsorber of NaOH-activated coconut shell carbon for methylene blue removal. To decrease the dye concentration from 1000 to 89.4 mg/L at any effluent volumes, the two-stage adsorber displays a small mass saving of 0.33% because of the high adsorbent affinity towards methylene blue at 1.80 L/mg. Meanwhile, the contact time can be minimized by 97.6% as opposed to that in one-stage adsorber. The sensitivity analysis of affinity on mass minimization shows a significant saving of 28.5% when the affinity is reduced to 0.01 L/mg. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the two-stage absorber for methylene blue removal, wherein the most significant parameter is the contact time.
Analyzing the existence of solution of a fractional order integral equation: A fixed point approach
Authors: Saha Dipankar , Sen Mausumi , Roy Santanu
Published: January 2022

This paper signifies the beauty of fixed point theory in the context of attaining the sufficient condition for the existence of the solution of a non-linear functional-integral equation in an unbounded interval. Here a non-linear integral equation (NLIE) involving a fractional operator is taken in the form of an operator equation. Utilizing the perception of measure of noncompactness (MNC) along with certain relevant assumptions, it is proved that the operator equation satisfies the Darbo condition for the product of operators in a Banach algebra. Finally, the result obtained is verified by the assistance of the numerical example.
Existence of solution to a nonlocal biharmonic problem with dependence on gradient and Laplacian
Authors: Shilpa  , Dwivedi Gaurav
Published: January 2022

In this article, we prove the existence of a solution to a nonlocal biharmonic equation with nonlinearity depending on the gradient and the Laplacian. We employ an iterative technique based on the mountain pass theorem to prove our result.
Positive solutions to mixed fractional p-Laplacian boundary value problems
Authors: Guezane-Lakoud Assia , Rodríguez-López Rosana
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a positive
solution for a p-Laplacian differential equation containing left and right
Caputo derivatives. By the help of the Guo–Krasnoselskii theorem, we prove the
existence of at least one positive solution. The existence of a unique
positive solution is established under the assumption that the corresponding
operator is α-concave and increasing.
Numerical examples are given to check the obtained results.
Negotiation of resources in everyday activities of a multilingual Berlin street market: a linguistic ethnography approach
Authors: Duman Çakır İrem
Published: January 2022

The Maybachufer Market is an urban street market in Berlin-Neukölln that constitutes a highly diverse urban context by bringing together people of different social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. Through linguistic ethnography, this paper explores the negotiation of various resources in everyday communicative practices and activities of this urban space. The market setting with its multiethnic and multilingual community constitutes a spatial repertoire with a rich pool of resources. Although German, Turkish, and English are prominent as local and international lingua francas, various other languages and resources are used in the market activities involving different types and modes of interaction. The study shows that the respective communicative practices, which seem random at first glance, in fact follow specific interactional patterns with respect to communicative goals and interactional roles, including different social relations and identity constructions. While exploring everyday activities and the linguistic behaviours at a highly diverse urban market, the study contributes to our understanding of spatial repertoires, metrolingual and convivial practices, and communicative patterns in multilingual and multiethnic interactions in highly diverse urban spaces.
Controlling and probing heat generation in an optical heater system
Authors: Tuxun Hairegu , Cai Zefeng , Ji Min , Zhang Baobao , Zhang Chengyun , Li Jinping , Yu Xudong , Fu Zhengkun , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong
Published: January 2022

Understanding how plasmonic nanostructures generate heat upon exposure to light, and thus increase the local temperature of the surrounding medium is important for many applications. Reliable temperature manipulation requires analyzing the local temperature distribution as a function of laser density. In this work, an optical heating system containing silver nano-islands (Ag NIs) is designed to enable heat generation at the micro/nanometer scale and the local temperature can reach 1458 K. The heat generation by Ag NIs exposed to near-IR laser light, and the temperature distribution, are detected in situ via the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. It was found that the temperature of the system can be controlled by changing the excitation power. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent UCL of a single Y2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ microrod is studied by taking advantage of the controllable local temperature in the optical heating system. It was found that the color of the upconversion luminescence can be tuned by managing the local temperature, and conversely, the local temperature at the optical heater can be monitored by observing the color change of the rare-earth microrod. The real-time manipulation of plasmonic heating offers an opportunity to control outcomes of thermo-plasmonic effects, which then enables a myriad of practical applications.
Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyoxymethylene nanocomposite for application in gears of diaphragm gas meters
Authors: Talebzadeh Malihe , Tavallali M. Sadegh , Aghili Alireza , Heidari Afshin
Published: January 2022

Polyoxymethylene (POM) gears have significant roles in the accuracy, robustness and stability of diaphragm gas meters. Therefore, in an attempt to enhance the properties of POM, four different POM-Cloisite 20A nanocomposites were produced in this study. Later tensile and bending strengths, hardness and Vicat softening temperature test, TGA, DSC, SEM and XRD were employed to experimentally evaluate, compare and contrast the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of those nano-composites. The results proved that proper melt-mixing of 1% nanoparticle into the polymer matrix could lead to an exfoliated nanocomposite that enhanced the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield stress, tensile and bending strengths and hardness) more than the other samples; however it reduced the degradation temperature. Finally, it did not significantly affect the melting temperature. These experimental results provide promising indications that the nano-based POM gears can exhibit better mechanical properties; hence ensuring an extended and robust performance of diaphragm gas meters.
Nuclear fusion: the promise of endless energy
Authors: Hunyadi Murph Simona E. , Murph Melissa A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the reader to the fundamentals and reasoning for exploring fusion energy. Fusion, the reaction of two hydrogen atoms colliding, is the process that powers the Sun and stars. Fusion works by turning small amounts of matter into vast amounts of energy. If realized on Earth, nuclear fusion could solve global energy demands for generations to come.
Small-molecule fluorescence-based probes for aging diagnosis
Authors: Shi Donglei , Liu Wenwen , Wang Guangwei , Guo Yuan , Li Jian
Published: January 2022

Aging is a time-dependent decline in physiological function that affects most organisms and is the major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases. The early diagnosis of aging is critical for the treatment of aging and aging-related diseases. In recent years, extensive efforts have attempted to accurately diagnose aging. To date, multiple types of fluorescent probes for various age-related biomarkers have been developed, with the aims of achieving rapid, precise diagnosis of the aging process and evaluating the efficacy of anti-aging drugs. This review summarizes recent research progress in small-molecule fluorescence-based probes for aging diagnosis, and further discusses the challenges and opportunities in this field.
Medial Temporal Lobe Networks in Alzheimer's Disease: Structural and Molecular Vulnerabilities
Authors: de Flores Robin , Das Sandhitsu R. , Xie Long , Wisse Laura E. M. , Lyu Xueying , Shah Preya , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A.
Published: January 2022

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is connected to the rest of the brain through two main networks: the anterior-temporal (AT) and the posterior-medial (PM) systems. Given the crucial role of the MTL and networks in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the present study aimed at (1) investigating whether MTL atrophy propagates specifically within the AT and PM networks, and (2) evaluating the vulnerability of these networks to AD proteinopathies. To do that, we used neuroimaging data acquired in human male and female in three distinct cohorts: (1) resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) from the aging brain cohort (ABC) to define the AT and PM networks (n= 68); (2) longitudinal structural MRI from Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI)GO/2 to highlight structural covariance patterns (n= 349); and (3) positron emission tomography (PET) data from ADNI3 to evaluate the networks' vulnerability to amyloid and tau (n= 186). Our results suggest that the atrophy of distinct MTL subregions propagates within the AT and PM networks in a dissociable manner. Brodmann area (BA)35 structurally covaried within the AT network while the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) covaried within the PM network. In addition, these networks are differentially associated with relative tau and amyloid burden, with higher tau levels in AT than in PM and higher amyloid levels in PM than in AT. Our results also suggest differences in the relative burden of tau species. The current results provide further support for the notion that two distinct MTL networks display differential alterations in the context of AD. These findings have important implications for disease spread and the cognitive manifestations of AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current study provides further support for the notion that two distinct medial temporal lobe (MTL) networks, i.e., anterior-temporal (AT) and the posterior-medial (PM), display differential alterations in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, neurodegeneration appears to occur within these networks in a dissociable manner marked by their covariance patterns. In addition, the AT and PM networks are also differentially associated with relative tau and amyloid burden, and perhaps differences in the relative burden of tau species [e.g., neurofibriliary tangles (NFTs) vs tau in neuritic plaques]. These findings, in the context of a growing literature consistent with the present results, have important implications for disease spread and the cognitive manifestations of AD in light of the differential cognitive processes ascribed to them.
Opposing Roles of the Dorsolateral and Dorsomedial Striatum in the Acquisition of Skilled Action Sequencing in Rats
Authors: Turner Karly M. , Svegborn Anna , Langguth Mia , McKenzie Colin , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: January 2022

The shift in control from dorsomedial to dorsolateral striatum during skill and habit formation has been well established, but whether striatal subregions orchestrate this shift cooperatively or competitively remains unclear. Cortical inputs have also been implicated in the shift toward automaticity, but it is unknown whether they mirror their downstream striatal targets across this transition. We addressed these questions using a five step heterogeneous action sequencing task in male rats that is optimally performed by automated chains of actions. By optimizing automatic habitual responding, we discovered that loss of function in the dorsomedial striatum accelerated sequence acquisition. In contrast, loss of function in the dorsolateral striatum impeded acquisition of sequencing, demonstrating functional opposition within the striatum. Unexpectedly, the mPFC was not involved; however, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was critical. These results shift current theories about striatal control of behavior to a model of competitive opposition, where the dorsomedial striatum interferes with the development of dorsolateral-striatum dependent behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide the most direct evidence to date that the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum compete for control in the acquisition of habitual action sequences. The dorsolateral striatum was critical for sequencing behavior, but loss of dorsomedial striatum function enhanced acquisition. In addition, we found that the mPFC was not required for the formation of automated actions. Using a task that optimizes habitual responding, we demonstrate that the arbitration of dorsomedial and dorsolateral control is not modulated by medial prefrontal cortical activity. However, we find evidence for the role of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in action sequencing. These results have implications for our understanding of how habits and skills form.
Left Motor δ Oscillations Reflect Asynchrony Detection in Multisensory Speech Perception
Authors: Biau Emmanuel , Schultz Benjamin G. , Gunter Thomas C. , Kotz Sonja A.
Published: January 2022

During multisensory speech perception, slow δ oscillations (∼1–3 Hz) in the listener's brain synchronize with the speech signal, likely engaging in speech signal decomposition. Notable fluctuations in the speech amplitude envelope, resounding speaker prosody, temporally align with articulatory and body gestures and both provide complementary sensations that temporally structure speech. Further, δ oscillations in the left motor cortex seem to align with speech and musical beats, suggesting their possible role in the temporal structuring of (quasi)-rhythmic stimulation. We extended the role of δ oscillations to audiovisual asynchrony detection as a test case of the temporal analysis of multisensory prosody fluctuations in speech. We recorded Electroencephalograph (EEG) responses in an audiovisual asynchrony detection task while participants watched videos of a speaker. We filtered the speech signal to remove verbal content and examined how visual and auditory prosodic features temporally (mis-)align. Results confirm (1) that participants accurately detected audiovisual asynchrony, and (2) increased δ power in the left motor cortex in response to audiovisual asynchrony. The difference of δ power between asynchronous and synchronous conditions predicted behavioral performance, and (3) decreased δ-β coupling in the left motor cortex when listeners could not accurately map visual and auditory prosodies. Finally, both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence was altered when a speaker's face was degraded by a visual mask. Together, these findings suggest that motor δ oscillations support asynchrony detection of multisensory prosodic fluctuation in speech.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpeech perception is facilitated by regular prosodic fluctuations that temporally structure the auditory signal. Auditory speech processing involves the left motor cortex and associated δ oscillations. However, visual prosody (i.e., a speaker's body movements) complements auditory prosody, and it is unclear how the brain temporally analyses different prosodic features in multisensory speech perception. We combined an audiovisual asynchrony detection task with electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to investigate how δ oscillations support the temporal analysis of multisensory speech. Results confirmed that asynchrony detection of visual and auditory prosodies leads to increased δ power in left motor cortex and correlates with performance. We conclude that δ oscillations are invoked in an effort to resolve denoted temporal asynchrony in multisensory speech perception.
An essential role for Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in the mouse ovary
Authors: Prokopuk Lexie , Jarred Ellen G , Blücher Rheannon O , McLaughlin Eileen A , Stringer Jessica M , Western Patrick S
Published: January 2022

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyses the repressive epigenetic modification of histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and functions as a key epigenetic regulator during embryonic development. PRC2 is known to regulate the development of a range of tissues by transcriptional silencing of genes that control cell differentiation, but its roles in female germline and ovarian development remain unknown. Using a mouse model with hypomorphic embryonic ectoderm development (EED) function that reduced H3K27me3 in somatic and germ cells, we found that PRC2 was required for survival, with more than 95% of female animals dying before birth. Although surviving adult EED hypomorphic females appeared morphologically similar to controls and were fertile, Eedhypo/hypo adult ovaries were abnormal, with altered morphology characterised by abnormal follicles. Early Eedhypo/hypo and control fetal ovaries were morphologically similar, and germ cells entered meiosis normally. Immunofluorescent analyses of somatic and germline markers indicated that ovarian development in Eedhypo/hypo ovaries was similar to heterozygous and WT controls. However, TUNEL analyses revealed higher rates of apoptosis in the ovarian surface epithelium, and transcriptional analyses revealed changes in genes regulating epithelial and steroidogenic cell differentiation, possibly foreshadowing the defects observed in adult ovaries of hypomorphic females. While it was possible to analyse early-mid fetal ovarian development, postnatal stages were inaccessible due to the high level of lethality during late fetal stages. Despite this limitation, the data we were able to obtain reveal a novel role for EED in the ovary that is likely to alter ovarian development and ovarian function in adult animals.
Mitochondrial regulation in spermatogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zhaoran , Miao Junru , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2022

The classic roles of mitochondria in energy production, metabolism, and apoptosis have been well defined. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria are also active players in regulating stem cell fate decision and lineage commitment via signaling transduction, protein modification, and epigenetic modulations. This is particularly interesting for spermatogenesis, during which germ cells demonstrate changing metabolic requirements across various stages of development. It is increasingly recognized that proper male fertility depends on exquisitely controlled plasticity of mitochondrial features, activities, and functional states. The unique role of mitochondria in germ cell ncRNA processing further adds another layer of complexity to mitochondrial regulation during spermatogenesis. In this review, we will discuss potential regulatory mechanisms of how mitochondria swiftly reshape their features, activities, and functions to support critical germ cell fate transitions during spermatogenesis. In addition, we will also review recent findings of how mitochondrial regulators coordinate with germline proteins to participate in germ cell-specific activities.
Solid-phase equilibria in the GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system and thermodynamic properties of compounds of the GeTe·mBi2Te3 homologous series
Authors: Alakbarova T.M. , Orujlu E.N. , Babanly D.M. , Imamaliyeva S.Z. , Babanly M.B.
Published: January 2022

The GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system was investigated by XRD and EMF measurements of the reversible concentration cell of the type

(-) GeTe (solid) │glycerol +KCl │ Ge-Bi-Тe (solid) (+)

in the 300-450K temperature range. It was shown that, in the indicated temperature range, elementary tellurium forms tie lines with all telluride phases of the system. Equations for the temperature dependencies of EMF in all phase regions have been obtained from the data of EMF measurements, from which the partial thermodynamic functions of GeTe in alloys have been calculated. The partial molar functions of germanium in alloys were determined by combining obtained data with the thermodynamic functions of GeTe. Standard Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation, as well as the standard entropy of the GeBi2Te4, GeBi4Te7, GeBi6Te10 compounds and solid solutions based on Bi2Te3 have been calculated using these data, solid-phase equilibrium diagram of the GeBi2Te4-Bi2Te3-Te system, and corresponding thermodynamic functions of Bi2Te3.
Reconstruction of Tradition and Religious Imagination in Early Apocryphal Writing
Authors: Ališauskas Vytautas
Published: January 2022

Studies of the Christian apocrypha have paid relatively little attention to the authors' self-awareness and intentions. The authors of the Apocrypha often impersonate characters of the apostolic generation or write about events that could not have been known to them. This leads to the suspicion that they are deliberately trying to manipulate the reader by directly deceiving him. In contemporary scholarship, apocryphal literature is often described as "forgery". We believe that in many cases this is not an accurate characterisation. The aim of the authors was not manipulation, creating a power relationship of authority with the reader, but the reconstruction of tradition by responding to a new Sitz im Leben. The article emphasises the secondary, derivative character of apocryphal literature. The authors of the Apocrypha were convinced of the veracity of their texts because they systematically relied on sources that were reliable from their point of view: the future canonical gospels, the oral contents, often with folkloric features, theological topoi taken over from the previous generation. This made it possible to attribute their work to the apostles or their companions, since the belief of the time was that the work of the disciples could rightly be attributed to the teacher. It is very likely that some of the works reflect the experience of altered states of consciousness.