bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of serum procalcitonin as a marker for diagnosing neonatal sepsis
Authors: Jafar Haniya , Agarwal Jyotsna , Kalyan Raj Kumar , Radera Shruti , Verma Sheetal , Kumar Mala , Tripathi Shalini
Published: August 2019

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a continuing problem causing significant burden on health care, especially in developing world. As blood culture has low sensitivity in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, strong clinical suspicion along with combination of different laboratory tests is required. The data available for extensively studied acute phase reactant, procalcitonin (PCT) remains controversial. This study was done to assess role of PCT alone and in combination with different tests for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.Methods: Blood samples of 275 neonates (>35 weeks of gestation) admitted to NICU, with suspicion of neonatal sepsis were collected for bacterial culture, serum procalcitonin level and sepsis screen (CRP, mESR, I/T ratio, Total Leucocyte Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count).Results: Blood culture was positive in 30.5% of enrolled neonates. At a cut-off value of 0.5 ng/ml the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of serum PCT in neonatal sepsis cases was 73.8%, 47.1%, 48%, 80.4% respectively. Serum PCT was found raised in 60 (48.8%) clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis where sepsis screen and blood culture both were negative, also it was not raised in 17 (32.7%) of clinically suspected cases of septicemia where both blood culture and sepsis screen were positive. Amongst other individual tests, CRP was found to have best sensitivity (79.7%) and NPV (85%) followed by PCT (73.8% and 80.4%) while best specificity was found for I/T ratio (93.7%) followed by mESR (89%) for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis with positive blood culture. Best NPV was seen for combination of PCT+CRP+I/T ratio (95.6%) for the suspected cases of neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that serum PCT can play a useful role when combined with other test markers but may not find its way as a sole diagnostic marker for diagnosing neonatal sepsis in term/near term babies.
Dental caries and oral hygiene practices among school children in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ramesh Shanthi , Sundari S.
Published: August 2019

Background: Dental caries is commonly seen among school children. The World Health Organization has stated it to be one of the leading non-communicable diseases. Objective of study the prevalence of dental caries among school children and to study the oral hygiene practices in the occurrence of dental caries.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 307 school children aged 10-15 years. Each child was asked about the dental hygiene practices and was examined for the presence of caries.Results: The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 48.9 % with the 95% CI of 43.3% - 54.4%. The prevalence of dental caries was high among children 10-12 years of age 95(53.6%) compared to 55 (42.3%) among children in the age group of 13-15 years (p=0.05). Daily sweet consumption was significantly associated with a higher prevalence 40 (63.5%) of dental caries (p=0.01). Children not consuming vegetables and fruits everyday had a higher prevalence 76.5% dental caries (p = 0.03). Children who are not practicing night brushing had a higher prevalence of 112 (52.8%) of caries (p=0.04). The study showed that only 17.3% of the children visited a dental health care service.Conclusion: Authors found the prevalence of dental caries to be high. Health education regarding the importance of good oral hygiene practices such as night brushing, diet modification and periodic dental visits to all the school children will play a major role in the prevention of dental caries.
Utility of cord blood bilirubin as a predictors of significant neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term neonate
Authors: Meshram Rajkumar M. , Merchant Saira , Bhongade Swapnil D. , Pathan Sartajbegam N.
Published: August 2019

Background: Clinical jaundice is evident in more than two-third neonates in their early neonatal life. Early identification of neonates at risk might allow early intervention and prevent complication. Objective of the study was to assess the cord blood bilirubin level as a tool to screen the risk of development of subsequent significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 2 years on 1040 healthy term neonates. Demographic profile, relevant maternal and neonatal information were recorded. Measurement of cord blood bilirubin, blood group/Rh typing and serum bilirubin at the end of 24 & 72 hours was done to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.Results: Incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was 11.53%. Gender, gestational age, mode of delivery and birth weight had no correlation with development of significant jaundice. 800 (76.93%) neonates had cord blood bilirubin level ≤3.0mg/dl and 240 (23.07%) neonate had cord blood bilirubin level >3.0mg/dl. Out of 240 (23.07%) neonates with higher cord bilirubin (>3.0 mg/dl), 108 (45%) had significant hyperbilirubinemia at the end of 24 hours with sensitivity 90.00%, specificity 85.65%, positive predictive value 45.00% and negative predictive value 98.50% while 110 (45.83%) neonates were observed with serum bilirubin >17mg/dl at the end of 72 hours with cord blood bilirubin >3mg/dl with sensitivity 91.67%, specificity 84.52% positive predictive value 45.83% and negative predictive value-98.61% and this difference was statistically significant.Conclusions: Neonates with cord blood bilirubin level ≤3mg/dl can be safely discharged early whereas neonates with bilirubin >3mg/dl will need close follow up to check for development of subsequent significant jaundice. Hence cord blood bilirubin levels help to determine and predict the possibility of significant jaundice among healthy term neonates.
Study of morbidity pattern and outcome of patients admitted in paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital
Authors: Bhavari Vijay L. , Ambike Deepali A. , Pawar Neil D.
Published: August 2019

Background: The care of the critically ill children remains one of the most demanding and challenging aspects in the field of paediatrics. The main purpose of Paediatric Intensive care unit is to prevent mortality by intensively monitoring and treating critically ill children who are considered at high risk of mortality. In the developing countries, there is a scarce data on paediatric critical care. Evaluation of the outcome of medical interventions can assess the efficacy of treatment. This helps in better decision making, improving the quality of care and modifying the future of management if required. This study will also help to study the causes of morbidity and mortality among paediatric age group in our hospital. Aims and Objectives of the study is to evaluate the morbidity pattern and outcome of admissions in the PICU of a rural teaching hospital, and to take measures to prevent morbidity and mortality by improving critical care facilities.Methods: This was a retrospective study, the cases admitted in paediatric ICU in our teaching hospital in last two and a half considering the estimated sample size. Data will be collected from PICU and Medical record Department. Details will be studied with the help of medical record and will be analysed and interpreted according to the medical record details.Results: During a period of 30 months of the study, total of 417 patients were admitted in our PICU. Of the total cases studied, Maximum i.e. 180(43.2%) had age below 1 year. The minimum – maximum range of age was between 1 day to 18 years. About 228(54.7%) cases were males and 189(45.3%) were females. The most common diagnosis was LRTI which was observed in 61(14.7%) of cases. The most common system involved was respiratory system which was observed in 101(21.8%) cases. Of total cases studied, 357(85.6%) were discharged, 36(8.6%) had DAMA (discharge against medical advice) and 24(5.8%) expired.Conclusions: Mortality was low in our PICU. We conclude based on the present study that in our rural set up PICU, with better treatment protocols, skilled expertise/ Paediatric Intensivist we have chances to facilitate the care of critically ill patients giving desirable outcome.
Neonatal hearing screening- time to make a noise- experience from a private medical college in South Rajasthan
Authors: Bhatia Ravi , Gorwara Rajendra , Gorwara Rajendra
Published: August 2019

Background: Neonatal Hearing Loss has a prevalence that is twice than that of disorders like congenital hypothyroidism, phenyl ketonuria etc. Early detection of hearing impairment is vital since early intervention in form of hearing aids and speech therapy would help lead a child a normal life. The aim of the study was to set up a neonatal hearing screening program and to study the various risk factors which could be associated with hearing loss.Methods: The prospective descriptive study was carried over a period of two years. All neonates before being discharged were subjected to OAE. OAE was done on Oto Read Machine (Intra acoustic) and BERA was done on BERA eclipse machine (Intra acoustic). Babies who failed the first OAE were called back for a repeat OAE at six weeks of age. Babies who failed the second OAE were referred to a trained audiologist for BERA which was performed on BERA Eclipse machine.Results: Out of 1114 neonates screened, 285 neonates failed the first OAE and were called back at six weeks for repeat OAE. Out of the 285 babies who were called for repeat OAE, 258 turned up 27(9.47%) were lost to follow up. Out of the 258 babies who turned up, 245 passed the test while 13 failed the test. 13 Babies who had failed the second OAE screening were called back 1 month later for BERA testing. Out of the 13 babies who turned up for BERA testing, 12 passed the test and 1 failed giving us a prevalence of 0.89 per 1000 population. Of the various risk factors studied only low birth weight was found to be having significant association with hearing loss.Conclusion: Neonatal hearing screening is the need of the hour. Larger multi centric studies are required to establish the prevalence of hearing impairment among newborns.
Inappropriate maternal perception of child’s weight status: a potential threat to nutrition
Authors: Dalal Parima , Thaddanee Rekha , Parikh Arun , Chauhan Hasmukh , Morbiwala Shamim
Published: August 2019

Background: This study was done to know the maternal perception of weight of their children and correlate it with exact weights. We also studied various factors affecting ability of a mother to perceive her child’s weight status.Method: This prospective study was done in Pediatric Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Western Gujarat, India, from January 2018 to September 2018. 897 mothers of children < 5 years of age were included. Socio-demographic and anthropometric details of child and mother were recorded. Maternal perception of their child’s weight status was enquired. A correlation between perceived and actual child weight status was estimated.Results: 897 patients <5 years of age had mean (SD) age of 28.66 (±17.04) months, weight 10.17 (±3.5) kg, height 0.81 (±0.15) meters and BMI 15.74 (±15.26) kg/m2. 34.7% of mothers perceived underweight erroneously as compared to actual weight status being normal (p value=0.00001). Misperception (under or over) of the mothers for their children weight status was significant for girls (p=0.011). Significant difference between perceived and actual weight status was seen in birth orders 1 to 4. 34. 6% actual UW children were perceived as NW by < 40 years age mothers (p=0.0018). 78.2% uneducated and 81% of primary or secondary educated mothers from lower SES felt their children were of NW status whereas actually 43.4% and 50.3% children were of NW status respectively (p=0.00001). Surprisingly, 91.3% of graduate or postgraduate mothers of middle SES perceived their children as NW status while actually only 39.1% were of NW and 52.1% of UW (p=0.00001).Conclusion: Half of the mothers were not able to perceive correct weight status of their children. Misperception was significant for girls. Significant difference between perceived and actual weight status was seen for birth orders 1 to 4. Mothers <40 years of age significantly failed to perceive actual UW status of the children. Both educated and uneducated mothers misclassified their children’s weight status significantly.
Anthropometric surrogates to identify low birth weight babies: hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: D. Jyothi S. , Doddamani Raghavendra
Published: August 2019

Background: Birth weight acts as a crucial sensitive and reliable tool to prevent infant and child morbidity and mortality. There has been a considerable interest in recent years for using simple anthropometric measures as an alternative to birth weight. Objective of the study is to determine the cut off values of the anthropometric measurements and to assess the accuracy of the anthropometric surrogates to identify low birth weight babiesMethods: This is a cross sectional study conducted for a period of one year from 1st Dec 2011 to 31st Nov 2012 at Christian fellowship hospital, Oddanchatram, Dindigal, Tamilnadu. Study population included all the live newborns of term gestation at the hospital. A total of 500 newborns were included in the study during the period. Birth weight of the newborn was measured using spring scale to the nearest 25 grams. Head circumference, Chest circumference, Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Foot Length, Thigh circumference, Calf circumference, Crown-hell length were measured using proper guidelines to the nearest 0.1 cm.Results: In the present study, low birth weight was present in 262 (52.4%) of the newborns. Thigh circumference with cut off value of 15 cm had higher sensitivity and specificity of 97.5% and 80.9% respectively. It was followed by Mid upper arm circumference with cut off value of 10 cm, sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 93.9%. Thigh circumference and mid upper arm circumference had high area under curve of 0.949 and 0.855 respectively. All the anthropometric measurements were statistically significant at 5% level of significance.Conclusions: Thigh circumference with a cut off of 15 cm, followed by mid upper arm circumference of 10 cm were the better surrogate anthropometric measurements with better sensitivity, specificity to identify low birth weight babies.
Integration of case based learning and bedside teaching in undergraduate students in pediatrics
Authors: Kulkarni Suhas P. , Kurane Anil B.
Published: August 2019

Background: Teaching undergraduate students by bedside clinics has remained cornerstone of medical education because it imparts knowledge, teaches proper behaviour and can be used to teach skills effectively. Case based learning (CBL) is a newer modality of teaching in medical education. CBL involves preparing students for clinical practice through use of authentic clinical cases.  Aim of the study is to study the effect of integration of case based learning and bed side clinic on motivation, deep thinking and cognitive improvement in final MBBS studentsMethods: The study group was undergraduate students of final MBBS posted for clinical posting in pediatric ward. The study was carried out on 59 students posted from March 2018 to September 2018. MCQ based pretest was done initially. The students were taught the topic by case based learning method for one hour. They were asked to take the case and bedside clinic was conducted. Relevant clinical examination was demonstrated to the students. Students were asked to practice the skills in front of the teacher. This was followed by the post-test and   questionnaires.Results: 88.67% students thought that this method was motivating. 82.7 % students perceived that it increases deep thinking. 52.83% students showed more than 20% improvement in score of pre-test and post-test.Conclusions: Integration of case based learning with bed side clinic was associated with Better motivation of final year MBBS students and development of deep thinking in students.  3. Significant change in cognitive learning in final MBBS students.
A cross-sectional study of behavioural disorders in children with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immuno deficiency syndrome attending an anti-retroviral therapy centre
Authors: G. Prashantha Kumar , S. Kumaravel K.
Published: August 2019

Background: HIV is a chronic disease which also significantly affects the behavior. This study aims at evaluating behavioral disorders in children with HIV/AIDS.Methods: This Cross-sectional study utilized the Child Behaviour Check List.Results: The overall prevalence of borderline and clinically significant behavioral problems were 69.3% (n=104). The prevalence of behavioral disorders were observed in the eight categories - anxious/depressed (borderline-7.7%, clinically significant-18.3%), withdrawn/depressed (6.7%, 18.3%), somatic problems (7.7%, 6.7%), rule-breaking behavior (7.7%, 18.3%), aggressive behavior (10.6%, 21.1%), attention problems (15.4%, 2.9%) and thought problems (9.6%, 2.9%). No social problems were observed. Internalizing problems were common in girls and externalizing problems were common in boys. As age advanced a simple linear progression in prevalence of Behavior Problems was found. There were 47.1% of Orphans in study and behavioral problems were more common in them.Conclusions: High prevalence of behavioural abnormalities warrants comprehensive management including Behavioural counselling and therapy and not just drugs for these children.
Status of trace elements zinc, copper, and selenium in transfusion dependent beta thalassemic Indian children: a cross sectional study
Authors: Choudhary Babulal , Singh Anurag , Goyal Vishnu K. , Sharma Pramod , Totetja G. S. , Payal Vikas , Gonmei Zaozianlungliu
Published: August 2019

Background: Maintenance of normal levels of copper, selenium, and zinc play an important part in lessening the morbidities associated with thalassemia major. Levels of these elements have been found to be altered in this chronic transfusion dependent disease from all over the world, but with widely variable results.  Besides repeated blood transfusions and use of chelating agents, their levels in thalassemics are affected by genetic and dietary factors also, compelling us to undertake this study in our population. The Objectives of this study was to assessment of serum levels of zinc, copper and selenium in transfusion dependent beta thalassemics.  Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study conducted at Thalassemia Day-care Centre of a teaching hospital. Total 64 transfusion dependent thalassemics in the age group 3-18 years were subjected to serum levels of zinc, copper and selenium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique.   Results: Four (6.25%) had hypozincemia, 15 (23.43%) hypocupremia and one (1.565%) had hypercupremia. Two (3.12%) had higher selenium levels (>190 µgm/l).Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, hypocupremia has been found to be more prevalent than hypozincemia and hyposelenemia in our population.
Public awareness towards first aid management of epilepsy
Authors: M. Chaitra K. , Agrawal Avinash , P. Varshini , H. Anil , Athani Sweta
Published: August 2019

Background: Determination of attitude and awareness towards epilepsy in general population. Despite successfully achievement of management of epilepsy in hospitals, the efforts to assess the awareness and mass education is very limited.Methods: Total 880 participants were required to answer a series of questionnaires related to demographic data, awareness, attitude towards epilepsy with details of their first aid management and their source of information for the same.Results: Concerning attitude, 14.65% would object having their children associated with epilepsy. 72.16% would object to marry or their children marrying an epileptic. 8.86% thought epilepsy as a form of insanity. Concerning knowledge, the 33% will seek others help as a first aid measure and 50% don’t have any source of information regarding first aid management.Conclusions: The results indicate considerable amount of social stigma still exist and alarming fact was even the educated people still think it as a social stigma and are biased. Awareness needs to be enhanced through various knowledge campaigns. Stress on proper first aid measure to a seizing person needs to be addressed to remove fear and anxiety among the public.
Estimating access to drinking water supply in Farta district rural community, Amhara Region, North Central Ethiopia, 2017: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gualie Yilkal T. , Enyew Habtamu D.
Published: August 2019

Background: Water is an essential for lives and development. Ethiopia is endowed with enormous water resources potential but access to water is limited. An uneven spatial distribution of water sources and drinking water demand is big challenge. Therefore objectives of this study were to estimate access for water supply among household of Farta district, Ethiopia.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed in 758 households of Farta district. Interview and observational check lists were used to collect data. Systematic sampling technique was used to select households. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.  

Results: The community has access to improved water supply which was estimated to be 57.1%. The rest 42.9% of the households used unimproved water sources from other unprotected sources like unprotected dug well and river. Nearly the third quartile (74.5%) of the households had access to water within a distance of 1.5 km or less from dwelling. Majority (86%) of households had no access to water within a time of 30 minutes or less. Nearly 92.3% of the households used less than 20 liters per capita per day.

Conclusions: There was a significant gap in accessing water supply for the community within 1.5 km in the district. Nearly half of households used protected well water sources. The per capita water consumption of the households were extremely low. Hence local administrator should expand protected well in all members. The community participation should be encouraged to prepare and maintain the water sources.
FORMAÇÃO INICIAL EM PEDAGOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA DO CURRÍCULO
Authors: SANTOS LEANDRO DOS , SUDBRACK EDITE MARIA , Sousa Carlos Erick Brito de
Published: August 2019

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia não impõem necessariamente a inclusão de uma disciplina específica para a Educação Ambiental, mas apontam que os cursos devem formar seus alunos para a consciência da diversidade de natureza ambiental-ecológica. Assim, objetivamos através de uma revisão bibliográfica, dialogar sobre a Educação Ambiental na formação inicial em Pedagogia, com base na Pedagogia Histórico-crítica, ressaltando a importância do processo de escolha do conteúdo existente no currículo para uma possível prática mais humanizada no exercício do magistério. Sobre o crivo dessa teoria, a formação de professores em Educação Ambiental tem alicerce no referencial teórico da dialética marxista, como forma de entendimento da realidade objetiva, o que proporciona compreender a totalidade que envolve a relação homem-natureza. O pensamento marxista visa contribuir para a emancipação humana, o que deve ocorrer sem negar os conteúdos da própria realidade do aluno; e dentre os conteúdos indispensáveis a esse intento, encontra-se o de enfoque ambiental. A Educação Ambiental crítica e emancipatória idealiza a formação de um sujeito ecológico, capaz de encarar os problemas socioambientais, resultados de uma crise ambiental insustentável. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca contribuir para a reflexão de que é imprescindível que ocorra a inclusão da temática socioambiental na formação de professores no Brasil, para que haja discussão desse assunto em seus aspectos históricos, políticos, ideológicos, sociais e econômicos, almejando que os professores ali formados sejam capacitados para dialogar sobre o assunto no ambiente escolar.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA ESCOLA EM CAZUZA, DE VIRIATO CORRÊA
Authors: Cabral Gladir Da Silva , Proença Magali Naspolini
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho busca analisar a representação da escola no romance infantojuvenil Cazuza, de Viriato Corrêa e suas intersecções com o movimento Escola Nova, em franca efervescência na década de 1930. Acompanha-se a trajetória da personagem Cazuza através das três escolas brasileiras: a escola do povoado, a escola da vida e a escola da cidade. O livro, ainda que de natureza ficcional e desenhado com as tintas da imaginação, é um importante documento da história da educação brasileira no final do século XIX e início do século XX e de como a literatura percebia os retrocessos e avanços da escola no Brasil. O trabalho revelou que em Cazuza, de Viriato Corrêa, aparecem sinais de uma concepção diferente de educação, a Escola Nova, que buscava a autonomia do aluno, a criatividade, a liberdade e a experimentação, algo diverso dos rigores escola tradicional. Entretanto, o livro também apresenta uma visão contraditória, complexa e diversa do Brasil, onde três formas diferentes de educação ainda convivem. A narrativa revela a presente de um discurso patriótico, moralista e nacionalista bastante forte.
DNA de Solenidium lunatum (Lindl.) Kraenzl (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Cardoso Elisa Dos Santos , Lima Joameson Dos Santos , Farias Cyntia Beatriz Magalhães , Dardengo Juliana De Freitas Encinas , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini
Published: August 2019

Estudo de caracterização molecular e de diversidade genética com base em marcadores moleculares requer DNA de qualidade, livre de contaminantes como fenóis e polissacarídeos, e também em quantidade suficiente para realização de reações em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os protocolos de extração de DNA vegetal são, em sua maioria, baseados no método CTAB (Brometo de Cetiltrimetilamônio), contudo devido às particularidades de cada planta, são necessários ajustes quanto aos reagentes utilizados e à quantidade dos mesmos. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes concentrações de CTAB e de β-mercaptoetanol no protocolo de extração de DNA de Solenidium lunatum (Lindl.) Kraenzl (Orchidaceae), visando futuros estudos de diversidade genética com utilização de marcadores moleculares. Para o CTAB foram testadas as concentrações 2% e 5%, enquanto que para o β-mercaptoetanol, foram testados 0% e 2%. Para verificar se o material extraído era passível de amplificação, realizam-se testes com três primers ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). Os resultados indicam que todos os métodos foram eficientes na extração do DNA em quantidade e qualidade necessárias para realização de PCRs. Todavia, recomenda-se a utilização do protocolo CTAB 2% sem adição de β-mercaptoetanol, uma vez que não foram verificadas diferenças significativas nos resultados de amplificações. A utilização desse protocolo produz material de qualidade, passível de amplificação, com redução de custos e de riscos de intoxicação.
Horticultores agroecológicos em ambientes de montanha do município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Elton de , Aquino Adriana Maria de , Assis Renato Linhares de , Mello João Carlos Correia Baptista Soares de
Published: August 2019

O município de Teresópolis, na Região Serrana Fluminense se destaca na produção de hortaliças e tem toda a sua atividade agrícola em ambientes de montanha, onde a grande intensidade de cultivos provoca problemas ambientais preocupantes. As tecnologias de base agroecológica propõem ações que podem melhorar o desempenho da agricultura nesses ambientes. No entanto, para respaldar essas ações, existe necessidade de se estudar e compreender melhor a dinâmica produtiva, nesses ambientes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o desempenho de unidades produtivas (UPs) agroecológicas, usando a metodologia de análise envoltória de dados (DEA), para um estudo de caso. Foram utilizadas as variáveis de área cultivada, insumos externos, horas máquina e dias homem como inputs; faturamento e itens diferentes produzidos, como outputs do modelo DEA aplicado. A UP que apresentou o melhor desempenho produziu 34 itens diferentes, foi eficiente durante nove meses, com índice de eficiência de 96%, no ano de 2017. A combinação ou sequência entre os tipos de culturas, tamanho das áreas destinadas a cada uma e épocas de plantio, constituem uma dinâmica produtiva capaz de promover a eficiência de cada UP. A identificação das unidades eficientes e o entendimento da dinâmica e das boas práticas produtivas, pode auxiliar os agricultores com menor eficiência, na melhoria do desempenho.
Fosfito de potássio como indutor de resistência em mutantes de tomateiro contra Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Tunes Carla Dias , Gonçalves Vanessa Pinto , Rodrigues Daniele Brandstetter , Almeida Andréia Da Silva , Silva Jacqueline Barcelos da , Franco Mariana Salbego
Published: August 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do fosfito de potássio como indutor de resistência no manejo de Phytophthora infestans, agente causal da requeima, em mutantes de tomateiro para tricomas e hormônios, para identificar seu modo de ação e as possíveis vias de sinalização envolvidas. Foram utilizados onze genótipos mutantes (hair absent, Wooly, hairless, Galapagos, notabilis, Never ripe, epinastic, procera, curl3, 35S::nahG e dgt, Nr), que estão no mesmo background genético que o parental selvagem, cultivar Micro-Tom. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema bifatorial, com quatro repetições. O fator A correspondeu aos genótipos utilizados e o fator B a aplicação ou não do indutor. As variáveis analisadas foram: período de incubação (PI), tamanho final da lesão (TFL) e taxa de expansão da lesão (r). Para todas as variáveis houve interação significativa entre os genótipos e a aplicação do fosfito de potássio. Nas plantas tratadas com fosfito de potássio, o PI no genótipo Galapagos foi significativamente menor de 52 até 70% em relação aos genótipos mutantes, exceto Never ripe e 35S::nahG. A aplicação do fosfito de potássio aumentou significativamente em 63, 53, e 70% o TFL para os genótipos Wooly, hairless e procera, respectivamente. A r no genótipo Procera foi significativamente menor em 76% à observada no Micro-Tom, e de 50 até 76% em relação aos genótipos mutantes, quando as plantas não foram tratadas com fosfito de potássio. A rota de sinalização mais provável para indução de resistência por fosfito de potássio é a do ácido salicílico.
Adubação potássica em cultivo protegido de pimentão sob sistema orgânico
Authors: Costa William Ralf Santos , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Máximo de Souza , Pinto Paulo Augusto da Costa
Published: August 2019

As hortaliças cultivadas em ambiente sombreado vêm ganhando mais espaços frente ao sistema de plantio em campo aberto, destaca-se o pimentão, por estar entre as dez culturas mais produzidas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de fontes e fertilizantes potássicos na nutrição de plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), sob sistema orgânico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, sendo utilizadas duas fontes de potássio: sulfato de potássio (50% de K) e cinza de madeira (5,84% de K) em seis blocos, com três plantas cada. O tratamento com cinza de madeira obteve maior desempenho quanto às seguintes variáveis: número de frutos por planta, massa média dos frutos, comprimento dos frutos, espessura de polpa, produtividade comercial. Quanto às variáveis químicas, a adubação com cinza de madeira obteve resultados superiores para sólidos solúveis, vitamina C e acidez titulável. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com adubação com cinza de madeira foi promissor no tocante às características físicas e, apenas para o pH, obteve-se valores inferiores aos demais tratamentos. A utilização da cinza de madeira como fonte de nutrição de plantas de pimentão, resultou em uma maior produtividade comercial.
Compostagem e vermicompostagem como alternativa para tratamento e de destinação de resíduos orgânicos
Authors: Sena Larissa Morais , De Arruda Julyanne Fonteles , Costa Francisca Raíssa Da Silva , Almeida Fabiana Barbosa Bráz de , Brito Paulo Ovídio Batista de , Gondim Franklin Aragão
Published: August 2019

Os solos de regiões semiáridas apresentam naturalmente uma baixa fertilidade, dificultando o crescimento e a produtividade das plantas, aumentando os custos de produção, devido aos investimentos com fertilizantes e defensivos agrícolas. Além disso, globalmente existe grande desperdício de alimentos. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o reaproveitamento dos resíduos orgânicos para a produção de um composto orgânico por meio de compostagem, seguido de vermicompostagem. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas (compostagem seguida de vermicompostagem), no Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará Campus Maracanaú. Foram utilizados resíduos orgânicos alimentares, provenientes da Central de Abastecimento do Ceará, esterco bovino e folhas secas. Aos 51 dias após o início da compostagem, o composto foi colocado em um depósito com capacidade de 310 L e foram adicionadas 100 minhocas californianas adultas (Eisenia foetida), iniciando assim o processo de vermicompostagem. Concluiu-se que é possível utilizar os resíduos alimentares para a produção de composto orgânico fertilizante. A compostagem seguida de vermicompostagem mostrou-se viável e de fácil aplicação. A vermicompostagem diminuiu a granulometria do composto e melhorou a qualidade nutricional do material, aumentando os teores de fósforo, cálcio, zinco, cobre e ferro.
Crescimento do guanandi e produção de mandioca e araruta em sistemas agroflorestais
Authors: Devide Antonio Carlos Pries , Castro Cristina Maria de , Ribeiro Raul De Lucena Duarte
Published: August 2019

No Vale do Paraíba do Sul, entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, a substituição da Mata Atlântica para o cultivo do café degradou os solos e os cursos d’água. O cultivo de espécies florestais pode ajudar a restaurar esse ambiente. O guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) é uma espécie florestal nativa com grande potencial de exploração econômica da madeira. O seu cultivo em sistema agroflorestal – SAF pode tornar-se mais vantajoso devido o seu moderado crescimento. Os objetivos com essa pesquisa foram comparar o crescimento do guanandi em monocultura e na diversificação agroflorestal em SAFs simples e biodiverso, assim como avaliar o desempenho da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) e araruta (Maranta arundinacea L.) nesses sistemas, em ciclos com alta precipitação pluvial e escassez hídrica. O SAF biodiverso foi acrescido de feijão guandu, bananeira, palmeira juçara e diversidade arbórea. Os sistemas agroflorestais não prejudicaram o crescimento do guanandi, que incrementou a circunferência a altura do peito no SAF simples após três anos de conversão. As culturas alimentares de mandioca e araruta apresentaram desempenho compatível com a densidade de plantio utilizada nos SAFs, com produções significativamente superiores no SAF simples. A araruta suportou o estresse ambiental em ambos SAFs e dispensa o replantio, ocupando naturalmente o sub-bosque. O SAF simples é um sistema para agricultores interessados em obter o máximo rendimento de cultivos anuais em associação com a espécie florestal. O SAF biodiverso é adequado para diversificar a produção agrícola e restaurar o ambiente concomitantemente.
Mercado interestadual de carvão vegetal no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Cachoeira Jader Nunes , Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira da , Oliveira Lawrence Nóbrega de , Ganassoli Neto Eduardo , Giongo Marcos , Batista Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2019

A produção de carvão vegetal proveniente das florestas nativas tem pressionado os biomas em especial o Cerrado, cuja devastação da vegetação tem mantido carvoarias com destino para as siderúrgicas brasileiras. A reposição florestal é uma ferramenta de gestão ambiental utilizada para diminuir a pressão sobre os recursos naturais por meio do reflorestamento. Dados da produção de carvão vegetal permitem estipular a quantidade de créditos de reposição florestal original, para compensar a utilização dos recursos naturais. O objetivo com este trabalho foi apresentar o panorama atual da produção e dos principais consumidores e destinos de carvão vegetal proveniente de floresta nativa do estado do Tocantins. Como fonte de dados utilizou-se os Documentos de Origem Florestal cedidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) durante os anos de 2009 a 2016. Com os dados dispostos em planilha eletrônica, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. Para a conversão da quantidade de carvão produzido em áreas de florestas plantadas, originadas da reposição florestal, adotou-se os valores estipulados na Resolução nº. 28, de 22 de novembro de 2011, do Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente do Tocantins (COEMA-TO). Conclui-se que o estado do Tocantins apresentou um cenário de constante crescimento da produção de carvão vegetal nativo, com uma produção média anual de 2009 a 2013 de 546.071,3 metros de carvão, diminuindo para 145.128 m de 2014 a 2016, tendo como principal consumidor o estado de Minas Gerais, que consumiu 77,01% de sua produção no período de 2009 a 2016.
Métodos de assepsia em sementes de feijão
Authors: Tomazi Yasmin , Bonome Lisandro Tomas da Silva , Siqueira Diogo José , Moura Gabriela Silva , Franzener Gilmar Silva
Published: August 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes métodos de assepsia e sua influência na qualidade fisiológica e sanidade de sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. Amostras de sementes inoculadas com os fungos Aspergillus sp. e outra com o Penicillium sp., foram submetidas aos tratamentos: controle com e sem inoculação de fungos, radiação ultravioleta (UV-C) por 1, 3 e 5 min; álcool etílico 70% por 1 e 2 min; hipoclorito de sódio NaClO 2% por 3 min com e sem adição de ácido acético; ácido peracético 1% por 3 e 6 min; termoterapia a 60 e 70 °C a seco por 5 min e a úmido 60 e 70 °C durante 30 min. Avaliou-se a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, crescimento de plântulas, matéria fresca e seca de plântulas e a sanidade das sementes. No teste de sanidade, os tratamentos que melhor controlaram os fungos Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp. foram o álcool etílico 70% por 1 e 2 min, NaClO 2% com e sem ácido acético e a termoterapia úmida a 60 e 70 °C por 30 min. A termoterapia úmida a 60 e 70 °C foi eficiente no controle dos fungos, entretanto, ocasionaram mortalidade de 100 e 70% para sementes inoculadas com Aspergillus sp. e 96,5 e 98,5% para sementes inoculadas com Penicillium sp., respectivamente. A inoculação dos fungos afetou diretamente a germinação e o vigor. Portanto, os tratamentos com álcool etílico e NaClO foram os mais eficientes no tratamento das sementes promovendo inibição dos fungos sem comprometer a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.
Serapilheira em fragmento florestal de caatinga arbustivo-arbórea fechada
Authors: Farias Daniel Tavares de , Barreto Francisco Rodolfo da Silva , Souza Mary Regina de , Silva Carlos José da
Published: August 2019

O estudo da serapilheira bem como sua produção ao longo da sazonalidade, decomposição e processo da ciclagem de nutrientes podem fornecer informações que contribuem para um melhor entendimento da vegetação e como ocorre a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas florestais. Diante do exposto objetivou-se avaliar a produção e acúmulo de serapilheira durante o período de 18 meses em um fragmento florestal de caatinga. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de 18 meses, de abril de 2016 a setembro de 2017, sob condição de bioma Caatinga. Para isso foram instaladas caixas coletoras a 40 cm de altura do solo, e tamanho 100 x 100cm para interceptar as seguintes frações: folhas, galhos, estruturas reprodutivas. Para serapilheira acumulada foi utilizando um quadrante de molde vazado de 50 x 50 cm para retiradas mensais do material disposto sobre o solo. Durante o período de coleta, a produção total de serapilheira foi estimada em 4302,15 kg ha-1 e a acumulação média de serapilheira sobre o solo na área de estudo foi na ordem de 4603,09 kg-1 ha-1 ano-1. Com as maiores deposições no início do período de estiagem de chuvas. Os resultados apresentados demonstram grande relevância para o desenvolvimento de atividades de manejo ligadas a áreas de caatinga.
MANAJEMEN PENDISTRIBUSIAN ZAKAT DI BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Herlita Jumi
Published: August 2019

The management of zakat distribution is very important to ensure that the zakat funds obtained by amil are channeled to the maximum and on target in accordance with sharia principles. This study attempts to analyze the management of zakat distribution in BAZNAS, South Kalimantan Province, covering activities of planning, organizing, implementing / mobilizing, and monitoring the distribution of zakat. This type of research is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show that BAZNAS of South Kalimantan Province has carried out the distribution management function in accordance with management theory and there are several supporting factors and constraints on the distribution of zakat.
PERAN PEREMPUAN SHAHABIYAH DALAM PERIWAYATAN HADITS
Authors: Aslamiah Rabiatul
Published: August 2019

Women in the early days of Islam were given the opportunity as given to mento gain knowledge. To them the Messenger of Allah taught science in the form of his traditions, and they were also permitted to narrate the hadith that they received to others. Women narrated traditions directly from the Prophet, or through friends, both male friends and female friends. The hadiths that they have narrated are many and quite varied, concerning issues of faith and Islam in general, the problem of muamalah, especially matters related to women's issues, family life and household
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT INCLUSION CLASSES
Authors: Husna Atikasari , Multazim Akhmad
Published: August 2019

Writing skill is already taught in school and colleges. The students of Junior High School should retells something that already happened (Recount text). The objective of the study is to identify the students’ difficulties in writing recount text in inclusion classes. The study belongs to a mixed-method research involving 30 students of 8th grade inclusion class. The data collecting techniques was testing. There were several steps to analyze the data: analyzing the students’ work, calculating the average score by using descriptive statistic and the last step is descriptive analysis. The result of the study shows that the students’ difficulties in writing recount text are related to content aspect, organization aspect, grammar aspect, mechanic aspect and generic structure of recount text aspect especially in orientation and reorientation.
Alt solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus İnfluenzae ve Moraxella Catarrhalis suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Yeliz , AVAN Tuğba , BİLGİN Kemal , BİRİNCİ Asuman
Published: August 2019

Amaç:
Bu çalışmada hastanemizin ayaktan ve yatarak takip edilen hastaların alt
solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen ve solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının en
önemli enfeksiyon etkenleri olan Haemophilus
influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis ve Streptococcus pneumoniae suşlarının
antibiyotik duyarlılık oranlarının belirlenmesi ve ampirik antibiyotik
tedavisine yol göstermesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve Yöntemler: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp
Fakültesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyooji Laboratuvarı’na 2015-2017 yıllarında
çeşitli kliniklerden gönderilen alt solunum yolu örnekleri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.
İzolatların tanımlanması Vitek MS (Biomerieux, Fransa) cihazı; antibiyotik
duyarlılıkları Vitek 2 Compact 
(Biomerieux, Fransa)  cihazı ve Mueller-Hinton Fastidious (Biomerieux,
Fransa) agarda disk difüzyon yöntemi ile
belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen duyarlılık oranları EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Testing) kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir

Bulgular:  Alt solunum
yolları örneklerinden izole edilen 2427 adet suş retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Streptococcus pneumoniae izolatlarına
karşı %67 penisilin, %58 eritromisin direnci; Moraxella catarrhalis’e %9 eritromisin, %9 sefotaksim, %3
seftriakson direnci; Haemophilus
influenzae’e %92 eritromisin %33 sefotaksim direnci saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Alt
solunum yolunun en sık izole edilen bu üç bakteriyel patojene karşı rutinde
kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı her geçen gün direnç artmaktadır. Etken
belirlendikten sonra antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinin yapılması tedavinin
yönlendirilmesi açısından önemlidir.
Factors Associated With the Provision of Sexual Health Care by Nursing Students in Hospitals: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Yen-Hui , Rong Jiin-Ru
Published: August 2019

This study examined the knowledge and experiences regarding the execution of sexual health care, as well as the sexual self-concepts, of nursing students and their effects on students' competency in providing sexual health care in general hospitals. This was a cross-sectional study in which data was collected from 428 nursing students attending nursing schools in Northern Taiwan. Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire which collected information on demographic characteristics, sexual self-concept, sexual health care knowledge, skills, and experiences. The results showed that an average of 81.2% of the items in the sexual health care knowledge and skills scale were answered correctly. Although the students' did not have sexual anxiety, they reported mild negative self-evaluations of their sexual consciousness, and uncertainty regarding sexual needs and activities. The variables of receiving sexual health care training, experiences of sexual harassment, sexual self-concept, knowledge of sexual health care, and experiences of the execution of sexual health care were able to effectively explain 66% of the variation in competency in providing sexual health care. Moreover, students’ previous experiences of the execution of sexual health care (β=.784, p<.0001) were found to have the strongest influence on their competency in providing sexual health care. This study showed that nursing students' competence in providing sexual health care in hospitals requires participation, engagement in, and the accumulation of practical care experience in order to develop sexual health care competencies and establish a positive caring attitude.
Investigation of Failure Mechanism of Lungchok Landslide, Sikkim (India)
Authors: Ganta Neharika Rao , Satyam Neelima
Published: August 2019

Globally 30% of landslides occur in the northeastern part of India [1]. One of the major earthquake events in Sikkim, India occurred on 18th September 2011 (Mw 6.9) led to over 300 landslides and 122 human deaths [2]. These landslides not only controlled by natural disasters but initiated due to human activities. The present study considered Lungchok landslide occurred in south district of Sikkim due to 2011 seismic event. The study focused on the failure mechanism of the landslide based on finite element analysis by adopting eight different cases. The deformation characteristic was investigated for dry and saturated slope conditions under static and dynamic behavior considering vehicle loads using GeoStudio software. The FEM analysis has been carried out using load deformation and linear elastic. The analysis shows that the failure of the slope was not sudden due to the 2011 earthquake event, but progressive failure was observed with time and construction activity. The paper demonstrates that, an increase in infrastructure development including construction by hill cutting increased the initiation of landslide with soil erosion. The cracks developed after 2011 earthquake event led to further deformations during future disasters required effective stabilization measures.