bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex and Sanctity in the Apocryphal Acts of Andrew : A Christian Bedtrick and Its Biblical Bedrock
Authors: Hadjittofi Fotini , Sivan Hagith
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In the apocryphal Acts of Andrew , a familiar double plot of sex and mistaken identity features Maximilla, a recently converted wife, tricking her pagan husband, Aegeates, into bedding her masked maid in order to retain the purity of her own bed. In resorting to this stratagem of sexual deception, the heroine of this tale behaves in a manner that contemporary Christians would (and did) find scandalous and unacceptable. This article investigates how this unique, sanctified bedtrick mobilizes different traditions (both Greco-Roman and biblical), subverts the predominant model of the Christian wife, and constructs a peculiar, alternative ideal. The Christian bedtrick evokes mythical and novelistic patterns but presents its instigator as paradoxically chaste—the opposite of her depraved analogues in myth and novel. The text also evokes biblical bedtricks, but only to challenge the emphasis on survival through procreation at all cost that underpins most of the bedtricks in Genesis. The article argues, finally, that the bridal switch between Rachel and Leah in Genesis 29 provides the closest biblical parallel for Maximilla's strategy. The striking apocryphal bedtrick also bears intriguing similarities to two texts that clearly hark back to the bridal switch of Genesis 29: an ancient Jewish "novel" (Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 12.154–236) and an exegetical vignette from rabbinic midrash ( Lamentations Rabbah proem 24) that employ "holy" bedtricks in the interests of individual or collective salvation.
Balancing the uncertain and unpredictable nature of possible zoonotic disease transmission with the value placed on animals: Findings from a qualitative study in Guinea
Authors: Gurman Tilly A. , Diallo Kendela , Larson Elizabeth , Sugg Kathryn , Tibbels Natalie
Published: March 2024

Zoonoses, or diseases that pass between animals and humans, represent a major threat to global health and global economies. In Guinea, zoonotic diseases (e.g. rabies, Lassa fever) have been at the forefront due to recent outbreaks and government priorities. Much like many other diseases, zoonotic disease prevention demands a thorough and culturally nuanced understanding of the factors that influence preventive behaviors. To gain this knowledge and enhance risk communication for priority zoonotic diseases, this qualitative study conducted focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations in three Guinean prefectures. Study participants included individuals who interact with animals or influence human-animal interactions, (e.g., veterinarians, local leaders, human health providers, butchers, hunters, general population). A total of 229 individuals participated in the study. Data analysis, which combined deductive and inductive coding, found that although individuals generally had basic knowledge about zoonotic diseases, a gap existed between knowledge and practice. In exploring possible reasons behind this gap, several key themes arose, the two most novel being the focus of this paper. First, participants described living in an uncertain world where they lack control over the behaviors of others. Many participants described uncertainty over the vaccine status of stray dogs or even those of their neighbors, making them feel powerless over rabies. Second, animals serve as a main source of livelihood (income, investment, or savings) for individuals. The value placed on livestock may, in turn, drive and impede prevention behaviors such as vaccinating animals or avoiding the sale of unsafe meat. Given that the Guinean government’s list of priority zoonotic diseases continues to evolve, the need to discover ways to effectively promote multiple related prevention behaviors remains pertinent. The insights from this study can inform existing and future programs for the prevention, control, and surveillance of zoonotic disease in Guinea and other similar countries.
A qualitative inquiry on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Kenya
Authors: Orangi Stacey , Mbuthia Daniel , Chondo Elwyn , Ngunu Carol , Kabia Evelyn , Ojal John , Barasa Edwine
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 vaccination rates have been low among adults in Kenya (36.7% as of late March 2023) with vaccine hesitancy posing a threat to the COVID-19 vaccination program. This study sought to examine facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccinations in Kenya. We conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study in two purposively selected counties in Kenya. We collected data through 8 focus group discussions with 80 community members and 8 in-depth interviews with health care managers and providers. The data was analyzed using a framework approach focusing on determinants of vaccine hesitancy and their influence on psychological constructs. Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake were related to individual characteristics (males, younger age, perceived health status, belief in herbal medicine, and the lack of autonomy in decision making among women ‐ especially in rural settings), contextual influences (lifting of bans, myths, medical mistrust, cultural and religious beliefs), and COVID-19 vaccine related factors (fear of unknown consequences, side-effects, lack of understanding on how vaccines work and rationale for boosters). However, community health volunteers, trusted leaders, mandates, financial and geographic access influenced COVID-19 vaccine uptake. These drivers of hesitancy mainly related to psychological constructs including confidence, complacency, and constraints. Vaccine hesitancy in Kenya is driven by multiple interconnected factors. These factors are likely to inform evidence-based targeted strategies that are built on trust to address vaccine hesitancy. These strategies could include gender responsive immunization programs, appropriate messaging and consistent communication that target fear, safety concerns, misconceptions and information gaps in line with community concerns. There is need to ensure that the strategies are tested in the local setting and incorporate a multisectoral approach including community health volunteers, religious leaders and community leaders.
Safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Peike , Yu Xiaohui , Song Tao , Hou Xiaoli
Published: March 2024

Objective

To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42023382824) was carried out by using R Studio 4.2.1.

Results

48 studies involving 12 antioxidant drugs (resveratrol, pycnogenol, omega-3, omega-6, quercetin, phosphatidylserine, almond, vitamin D, zinc, folic acid, ginkgo biloba, Acetyl-L-carnitine) were finally included, with 3,650 patients. Network meta-analysis showed that omega-6 (0.18), vitamin D (0.19), and quercetin (0.24) were the top three safest drugs according to SUCRA. The omega-3 (SUCRA 0.35), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.36), and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.27) were the most effective in improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners’ parent rating scale (CPRS), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners’ teacher rating scale (CTRS), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), phosphatidylserine+omega-3 (SUCRA 0.26), and zinc (SUCRA 0.34) were the most effective, respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Parent, the optimal agents were phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.39), resveratrol+MPH (SUCRA 0.24), and phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.34), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Teacher, pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), vitamin D (SUCRA 0.31) and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.18) were the optimal agents, respectively. The response rate of omega-3+6 was the highest in CGI (SUCRA 0.95) and CPT (SUCRA 0.42).

Conclusion

The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary. Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution. More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
Pricing decision and channel selection of fresh agricultural products dual-channel supply chain based on blockchain
Authors: Wang Di , Tian Xiaoyue , Guo Mengchao
Published: March 2024

The application of blockchain can effectively improve the efficiency of fresh agricultural product circulation and consumer trust, but it can also increase investment costs. In this context, this paper introduces parameters such as blockchain unit variable cost, the level of blockchain technology investment, and consumer channel preference in two dual-channel supply chain systems dominated by fresh agricultural product manufacturers: online direct sales and distribution. It compares and analyzes pricing and channel selection strategies in both cases of not using and using blockchain. The research shows that when blockchain is used, manufacturer profits are higher in the direct sales model than in the distribution model. Traditional retailers’ profits are lower in the direct sales model than in the distribution model. Total supply chain profits are higher in the direct sales model than in the distribution model, and they exhibit an inverted "U" shape as the level of blockchain investment increases. In the online direct sales model, if the blockchain technology unit variable cost is within a certain threshold range, manufacturer profits, traditional retailer profits, and total supply chain profits are all higher than when blockchain technology is not used. In the online distribution model, when the blockchain variable cost and blockchain usage level meet certain conditions, manufacturers, traditional retailers, and online distributors all have higher profits when using blockchain technology than when not using it. This study provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of blockchain technology in dual-channel fresh agricultural product supply chains.
Aesthetic preference for artificially selected color variant affects mate choice copying behavior in female Poecilia latipinna
Authors: MacLaren Ronald David
Published: March 2024

Three experiments were conducted examining whether an artificially selected “gold” color variant in female “models” affects mate choice copying behavior in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). Experiment I consisted of a pair of female preference assays, first assessing preference for male body size, followed by a mate choice copying assay that paired a model female with the smaller, non-preferred male from the initial preference test. Female subjects were divided into three groups that used either a wildtype female model, an artificially selected “gold” variant (cultivated within the aquarium fish trade) model, or control wherein no model was presented. Results showed females consistently copied the model’s choice, switching preferences from the larger to smaller male when paired with a model regardless of color. In the second experiment wildtype females were presented with a pair of size-matched dummy males both of which paired with model females (one gold and the other wild type). Subjects consistently preferred the male previously paired with the gold- over the male with the wildtype-model, suggesting pre-existing sensory/perceptual biases may have affected their mate choice copying behavior. Previous studies have offered evidence for the spread of novel traits in males via sensory exploitation. However, these results indicate such biases may influence courtship behavior in circumstances where the novel trait is expressed in females as well. For the third experiment, wildtype females were presented with a choice between gold vs wildtype dummy males, the results of which revealing significant preferences for gold. In a follow-up assay pairing a wild type model with the non-preferred wildtype male, females maintained their preference for gold males despite the conflicting social driver of mate choice copying. These data offer evidence for the existence of a perceptual/cognitive bias in the context of mate choice copying, favoring the gold phenotype and/or novelty in general.
The effect of real-time EF automatic tool on cardiac ultrasound performance among medical students
Authors: Aronovitz Noam , Hazan Itai , Jedwab Roni , Ben Shitrit Itamar , Quinn Anna , Wacht Oren , Fuchs Lior
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a sensitive, safe, and efficient tool used in many clinical settings and is an essential part of medical education in the United States. Numerous studies present improved diagnostic performances and positive clinical outcomes among POCUS users. However, others stress the degree to which the modality is user-dependent, rendering high-quality POCUS training necessary in medical education. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI) based quality indicator tool as a teaching device for cardiac POCUS performance.

Methods

The authors integrated the quality indicator tool into the pre-clinical cardiac ultrasound course for 4th-year medical students and analyzed their performances. The analysis included 60 students who were assigned to one of two groups as follows: the intervention group using the AI-based quality indicator tool and the control group. Quality indicator users utilized the tool during both the course and the final test. At the end of the course, the authors tested the standard echocardiographic views, and an experienced clinician blindly graded the recorded clips. Results were analyzed and compared between the groups.

Results

The results showed an advantage in quality indictor users’ median overall scores (P = 0.002) with a relative risk of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.10, 4.93, P = 0.03) for obtaining correct cardiac views. In addition, quality indicator users also had a statistically significant advantage in the overall image quality in various cardiac views.

Conclusions

The AI-based quality indicator improved cardiac ultrasound performances among medical students who were trained with it compared to the control group, even in cardiac views in which the indicator was inactive. Performance scores, as well as image quality, were better in the AI-based group. Such tools can potentially enhance ultrasound training, warranting the expansion of the application to more views and prompting further studies on long-term learning effects.
Movement-goal relevant object shape properties act as poor but viable cues for the attribution of motor errors to external objects
Authors: Modchalingam Shanaathanan , Ayala Maria N. , Henriques Denise Y. P.
Published: March 2024

When a context change is detected during motor learning, motor memories—internal models for executing movements within some context—may be created or existing motor memories may be activated and modified. Assigning credit to plausible causes of errors can allow for fast retrieval and activation of a motor memory, or a combination of motor memories, when the presence of such causes is detected. Features of the movement-context intrinsic to the movement dynamics, such as posture of the end effector, are often effective cues for detecting context change whereas features extrinsic to the movement dynamics, such as the colour of an object being moved, are often not. These extrinsic cues are typically not relevant to the motor task at hand and can be safely ignored by the motor system. We conducted two experiments testing if extrinsic but movement-goal relevant object-shape cues during an object-transport task can act as viable contextual cues for error assignment to the object, and the creation of new, object-shape-associated motor memories. In the first experiment we find that despite the object-shape cues, errors are primarily attributed to the hand transporting the object. In a second experiment, we find participants can execute differing movements cued by the object shape in a dual adaptation task, but the extent of adaptation is small, suggesting that movement-goal relevant object-shape properties are poor but viable cues for creating context specific motor memories.
Characterization of a hemolytic and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3 pathogenic to fish isolated from Mahananda River in India
Authors: Ghosh Dipanwita , Mangar Preeti , Choudhury Abhinandan , Kumar Anoop , Saha Aniruddha , Basu Protip , Saha Dipanwita
Published: March 2024

Virulent strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Mahananda River exhibited the highest hemolytic activity and virulence factors and was pathogenic to fish as clinical signs of hemorrhagic spots, loss of scales, and fin erosions were found. S3 was cytotoxic to the human liver cell line (WRL-68) in the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Genotype characterization using whole genome analysis showed that S3 was similar to P. aeruginosa PAO1. The draft genome sequence had an estimated length of 62,69,783 bp, a GC content of 66.3%, and contained 5916 coding sequences. Eight genes across the genome were predicted to be related to hemolysin action. Antibiotic resistance genes such as class C and class D beta-lactamases, fosA, APH, and catB were detected, along with the strong presence of multiple efflux system genes. This study shows that river water is contaminated by pathogenic P. aeruginosa harboring an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes which warrants periodic monitoring to prevent disease outbreaks.
Etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant: Budget impact analysis based on the Brazilian private healthcare system
Authors: Lopes da Silva Filho Agnaldo , Luis Pereira Bueno Ricardo , Ramires Yohanna , Lino Lara Marina Cruz
Published: March 2024

High rates of unplanned pregnancies persist despite pharmacological developments and advancements in contraceptive methods. Here, we demonstrate that the etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant (IMP-ETN) may be an appropriate and cost-effective alternative to levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs) for women in Brazil. For our pharmacoeconomic analysis, we reviewed the literature on IMP-ETN regarding its acceptance, eligibility criteria, choice, relations with age, adverse events and, finally, the unmet need in the fee-for-service private healthcare sector. We considered qualitative observations in combination with quantitative analysis and performed a deterministic sensitivity analysis to investigate whether this technology can be self-sustainable over a period of five years. The target population for this analysis comprised 158,696 women. Compared with the continued use of LNG-IUSs, adopting the IMP-ETN can result in a cost avoidance of $ 7.640.804,02 in the first year and $ 82,455,254.43 in five years. Disseminating information among physicians will promote this change and strengthen the potential cost avoided by private health system payers. These savings can be used to improve other healthcare programs and strategies. Moreover, the principles of care can be promoted by improving and adapting healthcare systems and expanding treatment and follow-up strategies. This would also provide support to women’s reproductive rights and improve their quality of life. Our results suggest that the IMP-ETN has a favorable cost-effectiveness profile. Given all its advantages and negative incremental cost impact over a period of five years, the IMP-ETN may be a more favorable alternative to LNG-IUSs. Therefore, it should be offered to beneficiaries with a private healthcare plan. This analysis overcomes previous barriers to the use of cost-benefit models, and our results may help balance decision-making by policymakers, technical consultants, and researchers.
Factors related to a sense of economic insecurity among older adults who participate in social activities
Authors: Inoue Yuriko , Nakatani Hisae , Ono Ichie , Peng Xuxin
Published: March 2024

Japan has the highest life expectancy worldwide. Older adults who experience economic insecurity may refrain from seeking medical consultation or using long-term care insurance, and these behaviors may increase the incidence and progression of frailty. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify factors related to a sense of economic insecurity among older adults who participate in social activities, and identified support measures. In total, 1,351 older adults aged ≥65 years who had participated in social activities voluntarily completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire encompassed their physical, cognitive, social, and psychological conditions, and economic insecurity. We performed univariate analysis considering a sense of economic insecurity as the dependent variable, and conducted multiple logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) considering the independent variables with p<0.1 as the covariates. Among the 872 filled questionnaires, 717 were analyzed as they had no missing data with respect to the responses to survey questions (valid response rate was 53.1%). Analysis results showed that 43.6% of the older adults had a sense of economic insecurity, which was most common among those aged 75–84 years, accounting for 47.3%, followed by those aged 65–74 years accounting for 44.1%, and those aged ≥85 years accounting for 31.5% (p<0.05). The sense of economic insecurity was not associated with physical conditions, subjective symptoms of dementia, or social conditions; however, it grew with increased loneliness (OR: 1.71, 1.002–2.92, p = 0.049) and decreased with an increased subjective sense of well-being (OR: 0.86, 0.81–0.92, <0.001). Economic insecurity among older adults was not associated with physical, cognitive, or social aspects, as reported in previous studies. The survey respondents constituted older adults who participate in social activities. Maintaining interactions within the community, even in old age, may prevent loneliness and improve subjective health.
Swimwear longevity: A comprehensive analysis of factors affecting durability and replacement
Authors: Afifi Soha Rafek Ibrahim , Qurashi Wafaa Abdel-Rady , Gabr Bahira Gebaly
Published: March 2024

Swimwear has gained significant popularity as a fashion item that serves a spectrum of needs, from pure functionality to vanity. However, the production and disposal of swimwear can harm the environment. This article explores the relationship between unfulfilled needs, consumer behaviour and the role of the need-based design approach in swimwear consumption and sustainability. It identifies the various types of clothing obsolescence that also apply to swimwear and highlights the importance of designing for swimwear longevity, both in terms of physical and emotional durability. A survey was conducted among 135 female participants from Egypt to better understand local consumers’ swimwear purchasing habits and requirements. The survey results revealed various factors that affect swimwear replacement, including unfulfilled needs, quality degradation, seeking improved functionality and change in fit. The article concludes by emphasizing strategies designers can rely on to enhance swimwear longevity, such as achieving customization, visual appeal, comfort, positive emotional attachment, improved functionality, high quality, added value components and classic designs. All this is to accomplish more responsible swimwear consumption and production.
Apresentação do dossiê
Authors: Narahara Karine Lopes , Cardoso Thiago Mota
Published: March 2024

A ideia de que vivemos no Antropoceno – termo formulado pelo químico Paul Crutzen e pelo biólogo Eugene Stoermer para se referir ao que seria uma nova era geológica na qual a agência dos seres humanos ou da “humanidade” tem gerado transformações significativas na Terra – tem inspirado diversas reflexões e escritas antropológicas nos últimos anos.
Waradzu höimana ware õdi, a vida dos brancos é muito complicada
Authors: Urebete Oscar Wa’rãiwẽ , Monteiro Eduardo Gonçalves Santos , Ribeiro Maíra Taquiguthi
Published: March 2024

O objetivo principal deste artigo é apresentar elementos de uma reflexão original a’uwẽ sobre o nexo causal que conecta o que se convencionou chamar Antropoceno e o jeito de viver não indígena. A partir dos depoimentos de quatro anciãos (ĩhi), buscaremos ressoar narrativas dessas mudanças radicais numa reflexão sobre as consequências das atitudes waradzu frente ao mundo e ao povo A’uwẽ Uptabi. Os ĩhi dizem-nos que o jeito de viver não-indígena é inadequado, que se desvia do rumo e, portanto, imprevisível, traiçoeiro e não confiável: waradzu höimanadzé ware’õdi. Nesse sentido, buscaremos circunscrever o campo semântico desta expressão, buscando reverberar a potência desestabilizadora de suas palavras e evidenciar possíveis convergências entre o discurso a’uwẽ e uma recente abordagem crítica ao conceito de Antropoceno, que desloca para o centro do debate os processos históricos de (neo)colonialismo, imperialismo e destruição e concentração de riquezas necessárias para a consolidação do sistema capitalista.
Mundos em ruínas, humanidades múltiplas, olhares Tikmũ´ũn/Maxakali para mundos possíveis
Authors: Estrela da Costa Ana Carolina , Rocha da Silva Barbara Viggiano
Published: March 2024

Diante do confronto entre as lógicas de produção e consumo das relações de dominação impostas pelo capitalismo e preocupações com o "fim do mundo" devido a um colapso ambiental em curso, o potencial dos modos de vida indígenas para evitar o sombrio avanço da conclusão da era humana no planeta tem sido sugerido por determinados discursos. No entanto, algumas questões precisam ser consideradas. As "boas (ou más) escolhas" adotadas por esses povos na verdade emanam de diferenças radicais nas lógicas que relacionam "os humanos" e "a natureza". Quem são os humanos responsáveis pela sinistra era geológica atual, batizada como Antropoceno? Antes de imaginarmos um pensamento indígena como solução para o adiamento do fim do mundo, não seria o caso de examinarmos sua diversidade? É preciso questionar quais humanidades agenciam transformações em quais mundos, e colocar em perspectiva outras escalas e pontos de vista da(s) história(s) do mundo, para além de eras geológicas. Afinal, os colapsos, aniquilamentos e recomposições são realidade para muitos povos e seres submetidos a relações de exploração, abuso e extermínio. A distopia que para alguns parece se aproximar já é realidade para outros há muito tempo. Percorrendo os territórios da Bahia, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo há mais séculos do que querem reconhecer os registros fundiários nacionais, os Tikmũ’ũn, em seus corpos e cantos, circulam por mundos produzindo subjetividades, dando vida a seus territórios devastados. Este contexto etnográfico nos leva a reflexões sobre a viabilidade da universalização de um modelo único de vida e pensamento, diante de uma infindável multiplicidade de mundos possíveis.
Intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Navigation Versus 2-Dimensional Fluoroscopy in Single-Level Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Vadalà Gianluca , Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Russo Fabrizio , Brigato Paolo , Ambrosio Luca , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

Objective: Several studies have advocated for the higher accuracy of transpedicular screw placement under cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy. The superiority of navigation systems in perioperative and postoperative outcomes remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to compare operative time, screw placement time and accuracy, total radiation dose, perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent transpedicular screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) using intraoperative CBCT navigation versus 2D fluoroscopy.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients affected by single-level DLS who underwent posterior lumbar instrumentation with transpedicular screw fixation using surgical CBCT navigation (NV group) or 2D fluoroscopy-assisted freehand technique (FH group). Demographics, screw placement time and accuracy, operative time, total radiation dose, intraoperative blood loss, screw revision rate, complications, and length of stay (LOS) were assessed.Results: The study included a total of 30 patients (NV group: n = 15; FH group: n = 15). The mean screw placement time, operative time, and LOS were significantly reduced in the NV group compared to the FH group (p < 0.05). The total radiation dose was significantly higher in the NV group (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found in terms of blood loss and postoperative complications.Conclusion: This study suggests that intraoperative CBCT-navigated single-level lumbar transpedicular screw fixation is superior in terms of mean screw placement time, operative time, and LOS compared to 2D fluoroscopy, despite a higher intraoperative radiation exposure.
Advancements and Challenges in Robot-Assisted Bone Processing in Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Kitahama Yoshihiro , Shizuka Hiroo , Nakano Yuto , Ohara Yukoh , Muto Jun , Tsuchida Shuntaro , Motoyama Daisuke , Miyake Hideaki , Sakai Katsuhiko
Published: March 2024

Objective: Practical applications of nerve decompression using neurosurgical robots remain unexplored. Our ongoing research and development initiatives, utilizing industrial robots, aim to establish a secure and efficient neurosurgical robotic system. The principal objective of this study was to automate bone grinding, which is a pivotal component of neurosurgical procedures.Methods: To achieve this goal, we integrated an endoscope system into a manipulator and conducted precision bone machining using a neurosurgical drill, recording the grinding resistance values across 3 axes. Our study encompassed 2 core tasks: linear grinding, such as laminectomy, and cylindrical grinding, such as foraminotomy, with each task yielding unique measurement data.Results: In linear grinding, we observed a proportional increase in grinding resistance values in the machining direction with acceleration. This observation suggests that 3-axis resistance measurements are a valuable tool for gauging and predicting deep cortical penetration. However, problems occurred in cylindrical grinding, and a significant error of 10% was detected. The analysis revealed that multiple factors, including the tool tip efficiency, machining speed, teaching methods, and deflection in the robot arm and jig joints, contributed to this error.Conclusion: We successfully measured the resistance exerted on the tool tip during bone machining with a robotic arm across 3 axes. The resistance ranged from 3 to 8 Nm, with the measurement conducted at a processing speed approximately twice that of manual surgery performed by a surgeon. During the simulation of foraminotomy under endoscopic grinding conditions, we encountered a -10% error margin.
Types of perception of the disease in patients with pituitary adenomas.
Authors: Yaltonsky V. M. , Sirota N. A. , Abrosimov I. N. , Sednev A. Y.
Published: March 2024

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Influência do preparo endodôntico cervical na resistência à fratura de pré-molares com preparo MOD submetidos a diferentes protocolos restauradores
Authors: Ferri Marla Kneib , Luisi Simone Bonato , Melara Rafael , Burnett-Junior Luiz Henrique , Melo Tiago André Fontoura de
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a influência do preparo cervical, realizado no tratamento endodôntico, na resistência à fratura de pré-molares superiores submetidos a diferentes procedimentos restauradores. Métodos: Cinquenta e seis primeiros pré-molares superiores com duas raízes foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em sete grupos (n = 8 cada): S – dentes hígidos; C – tratamento endodôntico com preparo cavitário MOD; CR – grupo C + restauração com resina; HPCR – grupo CR + pino de fibra de vidro horizontal; CC – grupo C + preparo cervical; CCR – grupo CC + restauração com resina; e HPCCR – grupo CCR + pino de fibra de vidro horizontal. Após alocação aos grupos, as amostras foram termocicladas e submetidas ao ensaio de resistência à fratura em máquina universal de ensaios. Os dentes foram, então, inspecionados quanto ao tipo de fratura dentária: 1) fratura do assoalho da câmara pulpar associada ou não à cúspide e 2) fratura apenas da cúspide. Resultados: Na análise dos dados, houve diferença estatística no teste de Tukey (p>0,05) entre os grupos testados. Os grupos HPCR e HPCCR apresentaram os melhores comportamentos de resistência à fratura entre os grupos em que houve intervenção, embora inferiores estatisticamente ao grupo S. O grupo HPCR apresentou mais de 25% de fraturas no nível da câmara pulpar. O grupo HPCCR apresentou 62,5% de fraturas do assoalho das câmaras pulpares. Conclusões: O preparo cervical está associado à menor resistência à fratura. Dentes restaurados com pinos de fibra transfixados, independentemente do preparo cervical, apresentaram melhor resistência à fratura.
Polish Anthropological Terminology in Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej from 1881
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna
Published: March 2024

The aim of the article is to preliminarily analyse the Polish anthropological terminology included in the most important 19th-century Kraków Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej [Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology] by S. Janikowski, J. Oettinger and A. Kremer, which was created during the period when anthropology was emerging as a new science. Anthropological terms had appeared in Kraków’s medical dictionaries before (over 40%), but it was in S 1881 that they were first distinguished from medical terminology and marked with the qualifier antr. The anthropological terminology for S 1881 was prepared by prominent anthropologists who were also physicians: I. Kopernicki and J. Majer. Out of 195 Polish terms, over 70% apply to craniology and craniometry, reflecting the main direction of the development in Polish anthropology. The Polish terms are definitely indigenous. More than 80% are one- (55.4%) and two-element terms (26.2%). Synonymy is present in the analysed terminology (40.4%), although there is a visible tendency to limit the number of Polish terms in synonymic series to two (73.7%).
Analiza bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w zakresie dostaw gazu ziemnego w latach 2015–2021 w powiązaniu z działaniami politycznymi oraz prawnymi
Authors: Chmielarz Patryk
Published: March 2024

Autor skoncentrował się na analizie strategii umożliwiających zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na tle polityki bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Unii Europejskiej. Dokonano przeglądu celów oraz założeń postulowanych przez rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz przez Unię Europejską. Sformułowano wnioski dotyczące współpracy polskiego rządu z państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej. Scharakteryzowano zagadnienie miksu energetycznego Unii Europejskiej oraz znaczenie samego bezpieczeństwa energetycznego dla społeczeństwa oraz bezpieczeństwa gospodarczego.
European Space Programme for the Arctic
Authors: Czachór Zbigniew , Sójka Arkadiusz Jan
Published: March 2024

Space technology is among the most rapidly developing sectors. It is also significant for the Arctic. Space technology requires international cooperation, and the effectiveness of European space policy depends on the commitment of its member states.The Arctic and space exploration are essential topics in EU policies, given the recently defined strategies and programmes such as the European Green Deal, where the protection of the Arctic and its many ecosystems is emphasised. They have become an important element of the European space programme. Copernicus Sentinel satellites are already playing a significant role in the Arctic.This activity resulted in the EU Council adopting the conclusions on “Space solutions for a sustainable Arctic” in 2019. Space instruments are fundamental to the implementation of the priorities of the European Union’s integrated Arctic policy on climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation measures and the protection of the Arctic ecosystem.
Conceptualizing European Strategic Autonomy
Authors: Rekowski Michał
Published: March 2024

Since the Global Strategy of 2016 which presented European Strategic Autonomy (ESA) a global “ambition” of the European Union, the concept of ESA became increasingly embedded in the EU policymaking. However, its meaning remains elusive due to a plurality of competing definitions and interpretations. The aim of this article is to show and analyse how the concept of European Strategic Autonomy is being defined and to verify the hypothesis: despite many competing conceptualizations of ESA, a common understanding of the notion is emerging in the EU. It traces how the concept of ESA is received and evolves in relation to European think-tanks and EU institutions. The research behind this article is based on an extensive review of academic literature, think-tank publications and official EU documents, as well as interviews conducted with EU officials and members of the European think-tank community.
Piotr Idczak, Ida Musiałkowska, Financial engineering in sustaible funding of urban development in the EU. Reflections on the JESSICA Initiative, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2022, ss. 243.
Authors: Małuszyńska Ewa
Published: March 2024

Oceny i omówienia: Piotr Idczak, Ida Musiałkowska, Financial engineering in sustaible funding of urban development in the EU. Reflections on the JESSICA Initiative, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2022, ss. 243.(Ewa Małuszyńska)
Influence of epicardial adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte size on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Natsui Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masaya , Yokota Takashi , Tsuneta Satonori , Fumoto Yoshizuki , Handa Haruka , Matsushima Shouji , Koya Jiro , Nishino Kotaro , Tatsuta Daishiro , Koizumi Takuya , Kadosaka Takahide , Nakao Motoki , Koya Taro , Temma Taro , Ito Yoichi M. , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Hatanaka Yutaka , Shingu Yasushige , Wakasa Satoru , Miura Shuhei , Masuda Takahiko , Nishioka Naritomo , Naraoka Shuichi , Ochi Kayoko , Kudo Tomoko , Ishikawa Tsugumine , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: March 2024

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an active endocrine organ that is closely associated with occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role of EAT in the development of postoperative AF (POAF) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between EAT profile and POAF occurrence in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery. We obtained EAT samples from 53 patients to evaluate gene expression, histological changes, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity in the EAT, and protein secretion in EAT‐conditioned medium. EAT volume was measured using computed tomography scan. Eighteen patients (34%) experienced POAF within 7 days after surgery. Although no significant difference was observed in EAT profile between patients with and without POAF, logistic regression analysis identified that the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were positively correlated and adipocyte size in the EAT was inversely correlated with onset of POAF, respectively. Mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in the EAT was not associated with POAF occurrence; however, it showed an inverse correlation with adipocyte size and a positive correlation with adiponectin secretion. In conclusion, changes in the secretory profile and adipocyte morphology of the EAT, which represent qualitative aspects of the adipose tissue, were present before the onset of AF.
Examining the Interrelationships Among Curiosity, Creativity, and Academic Motivation Using Students in High Schools: A Multivariate Analysis Approach
Authors: Mahama Inuusah , Asamoah-Gyimah Kenneth , Dramanu Bakari Yusuf
Published: March 2024

Psychological variables are a key component of the general outcome of students. In this sense, their complementary role in the academic lives of students is not doubtful. Therefore, this study examined the interrelationship among curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation of students in high school. A total of 568 students were surveyed using the correlational design (purposive, simple random, stratified-proportionate, and systematic sampling techniques). Adapted and confirmed curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation scales were used to gather the data for the study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the interrelationships. The study found that curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation predicted among themselves, where curiosity predicted higher, followed by creativity, and academic motivation. In this, curious behaviours, creative abilities, and motivation of students are related. It is recommended among others that the Ghana Education Service, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Curriculum Developers, should harmonise curiosity, creativity, and motivation in the High School syllabus so that teachers can guide students to become curious, creative, and motivated.
Acquisition of collocations under different glossing modalities and the mediating role of learners’ perceptual learning style
Authors: Yuan Xin , Tang Xuan
Published: March 2024

The current study investigated how different glossing modalities (textual and auditory) and learners’ perceptual learning style (visual and auditory) influenced collocation learning. A total of 212 college students in China were first assigned to either a visual or auditory group based on their performance on a perceptual learning style questionnaire. Each style group was subsequently subdivided into three groups who were exposed to a series of reading texts containing 15 unknown collocations under one of the glossing conditions: textual glosses, auditory glosses or no glosses (control). Results of the study indicated that both textual, and that auditory glosses led to gains in productive and receptive collocation knowledge and auditory glosses were more effective than textual glosses. In addition, this study provided empirical evidence that perceptual learning style has a moderating effect on collocational learning. The auditory learners in the auditory glossing condition showed the highest rate of collocational learning among all treatment subgroups.
On groups with large verbal quotients
Authors: Lisi Francesca , Sabatini Luca
Published: March 2024

Suppose that

w
=

w
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

w=w(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})

is a word, i.e. an element of the free group

F
=

⟨

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

⟩

F=\langle x_{1},\ldots,x_{n}\rangle

.
The verbal subgroup

w
⁢

(
G
)

w(G)

of a group 𝐺 is the subgroup generated by the set

{

w
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

:

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

∈
G

}

\{w(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n}):x_{1},\ldots,x_{n}\in G\}

of all 𝑤-values in 𝐺.
Following J. González-Sánchez and B. Klopsch, a group 𝐺 is 𝑤-maximal if

|
H
:
w

(
H
)

|

<

|
G
:
w

(
G
)

|

\lvert H:w(H)\rvert<\lvert G:w(G)\rvert

for every

H
<
G

H<G

.
In this paper, we give new results on 𝑤-maximal groups, and study the weaker condition in which the previous inequality is not strict.
Some applications are given: for example, if a finite group has a solvable (resp. nilpotent) section of size 𝑛, then it has a solvable (resp. nilpotent) subgroup of size at least 𝑛.
The exact implementation of a spherical harmonic model for gravimetric quantities
Authors: Jekeli Christopher
Published: March 2024

This note presents formulas to evaluate a spherical harmonic model of Earth’s gravitational potential for essential gravimetric quantities without spherical and linear approximation. Typically, 10–13 significant digits of numerical accuracy for such computations are obtained over the globe using EGM2008 with FORTRAN 77 code that is also provided.
What We Talk About When We Talk About the Duty of Care in Negligence Law: The Utah Supreme Court Sets an Example in Boynton v. Kennecott Utah Copper
Authors: Bublick Ellen M.
Published: March 2024

Every day, state common law courts define the duty of care in negligence law. There is no formula for how courts should determine duty. Yet when judges are charged with important decisions about whether to open or shut the courthouse doors to whole categories of claimants, judges need some framework for decision. This article commends as an exemplar, the Utah Supreme Court’s decision in Boynton v. Kennicott Utah Copper, a take-home asbestos exposure case. The power of Boynton is not only the answer it provides, but also the coherent framework for analysis that Justice Constandinos Himonas’ opinion sets forth. The opinion’s framework incorporates established principles as well as important tort policies such as harm prevention. Boynton’s structure at once provides the stability and consistency of precedent befitting common law adjudication while also incorporating the public policy and pragmatic concerns that have long guided tort law’s development. Boynton’s framework achieves a similar result to the one in the Third Restatement—creating duty and no-duty rules with possibility of exception based on principle and policy factors. However, Boynton does so through traditional terminology that has aquired meaning through repeated historical application. Courts, scholars and students would be well advised to examine the Utah Supreme Court’s approach to duty analysis.
Competition Law in the E-Commerce Platforms Market Post-Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis of the European Union, China, and Malaysia
Authors: Ong Tze Chin , Lee Mei Fei
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the global economy, resulting in increased digitalisation of commercial businesses. This has contributed positively to the global gross domestic product (GDP) in the post-pandemic era. However, studies have shown that the competition dynamic in the e-commerce platforms market creates new challenges that impact the fundamental rights of digital service users and the level playing field in the digital market. To overcome these challenges, it is crucial to prioritise competition law and policy in supporting digital economic recovery post-pandemic. In line with the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Competition Action Plan 2025, Malaysia is part of the broader digital transformation plan in the ASEAN region that aims to standardise competition policies and laws in the digital market.

On a regional approach, the European Union adopted the Digital Markets Act which aims to complement existing competition laws codified under Articles 101 to 109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to address the competition dynamic in the digital market. In China, the E-commerce Law was enacted in 2019 to complement the Anti-Monopoly Law in addressing the competition challenges in the e-commerce platforms market. In comparison, the competition law framework in the context of e-commerce platforms markets in Malaysia does not have the same level of coordination.

This research seeks to compare the general approaches taken in each of these jurisdictions to address fairness and contestability issues in terms of the assessment and enforcement towards enforcing their respective competition laws and policies. The research employs systematic content and qualitative comparative analysis based on relevant laws, reports, and scholarly articles. The analysis will demonstrate that despite the legal developments’ differences in each jurisdiction, it has been significant to address the recent rise of competition issues in the online platforms market to ensure a fairer and more contestable digital market.