bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhythm Politics in a Changing Brazil: A Study of the Musical Mobilization of Voters by Bolsonaro and Haddad in the 2018 Election
Authors: Bøhler Kjetil Klette
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the role of music in presidential election campaigns and political movements inspired by theoretical arguments in Henri Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis, John Dewey ́s pragmatist rethinking of aesthetics and existing scholarship on the politics of music. Specifically, it explores how musical rhythms and melodies enable new forms of political awareness, participation, and critique in an increasingly polarized Brazil through an ethnomusicological exploration of how left-wing and right-wing movements used music to disseminate politics during the 2018 election that culminated in the presidency of Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Three lessons can be learned. First, in Brazil, music breathes life, energy, and affective engagement into politics—sung arguments and joyful rhythms enrich public events and street demonstrations in complex and dynamic ways. Second, music is used by right-wing and left-wing movements in unique ways. For Bolsonaro supporters and right-wing movements, jingles, produced as part of larger election campaigns, were disseminated through massive sound cars in the heart of São Paulo while demonstrators sang the national anthem and waved Brazilian flags. In contrast, leftist musical politics appears to be more spontaneous and bohemian. Third, music has the ability to both humanize and popularize bolsonarismo movements that threaten human rights and the rights of ethnic minorities, among others, in contemporary Brazil. To contest bolsonarismo, Trumpism, and other forms of extreme right-wing populism, we cannot close our ears and listen only to grooves of resistance and songs of freedom performed by leftists. We must also listen to the music of the right.
Experiencing Change: Rhythms of Everyday Life Between Continuities and Disruptions
Authors: Awad Sarah H.
Published: June 2021

Change is a constant condition of everyday life that we experience and transition through while often maintaining a sense of stability and continuity. But inevitably we come across disruptive changes that call into question the meanings we take for granted and thereby rupture life as we know it. How do those changes affect our rhythms of living? How do we make meaning of the changes and subsequently act upon them? How do individual, social, and environmental changes reciprocally influence one another? These are the guiding questions of this paper. The questions are explored by means of a sociocultural psychological approach to ruptures in the life-course coupled with Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis. It is argued that those questions can be investigated within five interrelated analytical domains; time, space, the body, social others, and symbolic resources. Rather than primarily emphasizing adaptation to change, the analytical framework’s key focus is meaning-making, looking at how we integrate or resist new rhythms in our lives.
Validation of the Dutch-Language Version of the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: van Doorn Tess , Groenendijk Ilse M. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F.M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD), like fecal incontinence and constipation, is a common symptom of disease in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The NBD score is a validated symptom-based questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions. The aim of this study was to validate the Dutch version of the NBD score in patients with MS, creating an objective measuring tool of bowel dysfunction.

Methods:

Translation and validation of the NBD score was performed according to standardized guidelines. Adult patients with MS visiting a urology department completed a set of questionnaires (test): the NBD score, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scale (FIQL), the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI), and the EQ-5D 3-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). After 1 to 2 weeks, the questionnaires were completed again (retest). A control group recruited at a general practitioner’s practice completed the questionnaires once. Data were analyzed for measurement properties.

Results:

Sixty-one patients and 50 controls were included. Content validity was adequate, internal consistency was moderate (Cronbach α = 0.57 and 0.41), and reproducibility was excellent (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.78). Criterion validity was confirmed; the NBD score correlated moderately/strongly with the FIQL, FISI, and EQ-5D-3L. The NBD scores in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group, demonstrating good construct validity.

Conclusions:

The Dutch version of the NBD score showed moderate to good validity and good reliability for assessment of NBD in patients with MS.
Wideband circularly-polarized bifunction devices employing composite metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hai-Peng , Wu Xiao , Ding Hai-Yang , Xin Ke-Wei , Wang Guang-Ming ,   College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi’an 710106, China,   Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China,   Zhengzhou Campus, PLA Army Academy of Artillery and Air Defense, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Published: June 2021

 Multifunctional device is powerful for promoting the development of a new generation of electromagnetic systems, and the metasurface has attracted much attention in this field due to its flexible control of amplitude, phase, and polarization of the electromagnetic wave.

 It is very important to achieve different and arbitrary phase distributions for left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves in designing circularly polarized lenses. Here, a strategy to control the propagating phase and the geometrical phase simultaneously and independently is proposed by using a gap-loaded ring-shaped composite element. Through adjusting the arm length and the orientation of the unit cell, the propagating phase and geometric phase for the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can be controlled independently. The combination of above two phases is used to break the inherent relationship between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, which provides a new method of designing bifunctional devices for circular polarization. On this basis, a circularly polarized deflector with reflections in different planes and a generator with directional and vortex-shape beams are built by using the proposed composite elements. Simulated and measured results show that the bifunctional devices for circular polarization proposed in this paper can work well in a wide frequency range of 9–13 GHz.
Evolution of electron density of pin-to-plate discharge plasma under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Feng Bo-Wen , Wang Ruo-Yu , Ma Yu-Peng-Xue , Zhong Xiao-Xia ,   State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,   Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: June 2021

Based on the Stark broadening method and the imaging method, the electron densities of the plasma generated at different pulse frequencies, gap distances and inner diameters of the electrodes are diagnosed. The experimental results indicate that reducing the pulse frequency, shortening the gap distance between the electrodes, and using thinner diameter electrode are all in favor of enhancing the electron density. With the help of the global model, we perform the numerical simulation to explore the factors that influence the variation of the electron density. According to the simulations results, we find that the reduced discharge volume results in the increase of electron density with the increase of pulse frequency. When the gap distance between the electrodes is reduced, although the increased absorbed power and the reduced discharge volume both have an effect on the electron density, the reduced discharge volume plays a decisive role in these two factors. Moreover, using a thinner inner diameter electrode can also reduce the discharge volume, which is of benefit to obtaining the plasma with high electron density.
In-situ diagnosis of Ar/CH4 helicon wave plasma for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Ji Pei-Yu , Huang Tian-Yuan , Chen Jia-Li , Zhuge Lan-Jian , Wu Xue-Mei ,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   Key Laboratory of Thin Films of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   Analysis and Testing Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Published: June 2021

A variety of carbon-based thin films are prepared by self-developed helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HMHX, HWP-CVD) through changing the parameters of plasma discharge. The Ar/CH4 plasma discharge is diagnosed in situ by Langmuir probe, emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The carbon thin films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman). The results show that under the given parameters, the plasma discharge modes are all helicon wave discharge modes. Under a given CH4 flow rate, the energy distribution in the plasma is enough to dissociate the methane molecules and form carbon free radicals. The preparation of different carbon-based films is realized by adjusting the CH4 fluence. The research result shows that when the plasma is rich in CH and H radicals, it is suitable for growing diamond-like carbon films. When the plasma is rich in C2 radicals and less H, it is favorable for growing vertical graphene nanosheets. According to the results of plasma diagnosis and material characterization, the decomposition mechanism of methane molecules under the action of Ar helicon wave plasma (HWP) is proposed, and the growth model of carbon-based materials is established, the feasibility of Ar/CH4-HWP in the preparation of carbon-based nanomaterials is verified, which provides a reference for preparing the carbon-based materials by HWP-CVD technology.
Standardisation Versus Cultural Adaptation: The Case of Language of Advertisements in Turkish and German
Authors: Rezvani Kalajahi Seyed Ali , Kizilduman Elif Capan , Hayran Vedia , Ückayabasi Sehnaz
Published: June 2021

In the course of globalization, there are more and more companies that sell their products internationally. In particular international branded products have achieved a major upturn in the Turkish and German markets in recent years. A functioning international advertising is one domain where it is significant to distinguish between standardized - formally and content wise identical - and differentiated -adapted to the respective country. On the other hand, it is questionable whether standardization can be successfully implemented in all countries. Numerous factors with regard to country-specific characteristics - such as culture, underlying values and the form of society - play an important role here. The foundation of standardization is formed by an identical core message in all countries and has the goal of addressing and indirectly influencing the audience. Thus, an advertising message represents the decision-maker about the (in) efficiency of the advertisement or (non-) consumption of the product. Today, the product is attached to less functional, but mainly subjective characteristics that are supposed to cause emotions. This is especially true for branded products, as they try to build trust and build a bond with the consumer. Nevertheless, since often formal and content elements of the commercial - depending on the culture - can cause different interpretations and emotions, special attention must be paid to country-specific features and differences, especially when designing standardized commercials. However, it is possible to circumvent these cultural peculiarities by resorting to universal appeals. With this viewpoint, the present study aims to find out to what extent commercials are standardized or culturally adapted within the context of international comparison between Turkey and Germany.
Vovel metrics—novel coupling metrics for improved software fault prediction
Authors: Muhammad Rizwan , Nadeem Aamer , Azam Sindhu Muddassar
Published: June 2021

Software is a complex entity, and its development needs careful planning and a high amount of time and cost. To assess quality of program, software measures are very helpful. Amongst the existing measures, coupling is an important design measure, which computes the degree of interdependence among the entities of a software system. Higher coupling leads to cognitive complexity and thus a higher probability occurrence of faults. Well in time prediction of fault-prone modules assists in saving time and cost of testing. This paper aims to capture important aspects of coupling and then assess the effectiveness of these aspects in determining fault-prone entities in the software system. We propose two coupling metrics, i.e., Vovel-in and Vovel-out, that capture the level of coupling and the volume of information flow. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Vovel metrics in determining the fault-prone classes using five projects, i.e., Eclipse JDT, Equinox framework, Apache Lucene, Mylyn, and Eclipse PDE UI. Model building is done using univariate logistic regression and later Spearman correlation coefficient is computed with the existing coupling metrics to assess the coverage of unique information. Finally, the least correlated metrics are used for building multivariate logistic regression with and without the use of Vovel metrics, to assess the effectiveness of Vovel metrics. The results show the proposed metrics significantly improve the predicting of fault prone classes. Moreover, the proposed metrics cover a significant amount of unique information which is not covered by the existing well-known coupling metrics, i.e., CBO, RFC, Fan-in, and Fan-out. This paper, empirically evaluates the impact of coupling metrics, and more specifically the importance of level and volume of coupling in software fault prediction. The results advocate the prudent addition of proposed metrics due to their unique information coverage and significant predictive ability.
Presenting a Series of Royal Portraits in Fifth-Century Malwa
Authors: Salomon Richard
Published: June 2021

The Chhoti Sadri inscription of the Mānavāyaṇi king Gauri (490–91 CE) of Malwa is a most unusual specimen of a Sanskrit verse praśasti. Its remarkably poor Sanskrit has attracted the most attention, but its rhetorical structure is also quite abnormal. It is proposed here that such unusual features as the first person presentation and the fronting of subjects with demonstrative pronouns suggest a setting involving an actual, or perhaps only an imagined, presentation of a royal portrait gallery, such as are attested both in Sanskrit literature and in Indian archaeology.
Internal Reduplication among the t-Derived Verbal Stems of Akkadian
Authors: Testen David
Published: June 2021

In formal terms, the Dtr-Stem of Akkadian mirrors and partially overlaps the more familiar Dt-Stem, albeit with an additional medial reduplicated syllable (cf., e.g., Dtr ūtelelle vs. Dt ūtelle). It is suggested in the following that the Dtr did not arise as a deviant form of the Dt but represents a survival of the Dt’s morphology in early East Semitic. Similarly, the Št2-Stem (the so-called “lexical Št”), which shows a comparable added syllable (contrast Št1 uštapras and Št2 uštaparras), offers us evidence of the prehistory of the Št-Stem. The diffuse semantics of both the Dtr and the Št2 testifies to their antiquity; the cohesive passive-voice sense of the Dt and the Št1, by contrast, marks these stems as relatively late analogical creations.
Curious Case of the Jewish Sasanian Queen Šīšīnduxt
Authors: Gross Simcha
Published: June 2021

The Provincial Capitals of Ērānšahr, a medieval Zoroastrian Middle Persian text, recounts how the daughter of the Jewish exilarch married the Sasanian king Yaz- dgird I and gave birth to Wahrām Gōr, his successor. While the historicity of the text has been largely undermined, scant attention has been given to its authorship and purpose. This article proposes that the story’s creators were members of the exilarch’s household in the tenth through eleventh century who internalized the broader concern with (invented) Sasanian pedigree during the period known as the Iranian intermezzo in an effort to appeal to Iranian Jews and other elites alike. Studying this text and its origins provides evidence of contact between Jews and Zoroastrians during this period and offers a new suggestion about the cultural context of the Zoroastrians who produced The Provincial Capitals.
Effectiveness of Exercises in Glycaemic Control and Maternal Outcome among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus- A Pilot study
Authors: Frank Reena Wilma , Gopal Kaipangala Raja , Rodrigues Devina E
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a common medical problem that is very often seen in pregnancy in the present era. Pregnant women should keep in mind their health and lifestyle considerations or else pregnancy will end up with many complications. Pre-existing factors and pregnancy factors will be contributing and make pregnancy more complicated. Exercises are recommended as a healthy practice which prevents many diseases and provides a healthy life. Aim: To evaluate the glycaemic level by focusing on exercises to improve the maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A Pilot study with Quasi-experimental pre-post control group design with 30 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) women (15 in each group) were selected who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in tertiary care Hospital between June 2019 and December 2019. Based on the convenience sampling technique, the setting was selected and a simple random technique was adopted to select the subjects. The 15 subjects were included in each groups, both intervention and control group. Exercises were taught for the interventional group of women for 12 weeks. Regular treatment was continued for both groups which include medication, diet and regular walking. Pre-test and post-test glycaemic scores were done for both the groups. Mann-whitney test, ANOVA, post-hoc test, paired Eta square were also used and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used. Results: The study shows there was a significant difference in the pre-Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and post FBS values in the intervention group p-value <0.027. The paired Eta square value was 0.303 which showed a moderate effect of the exercise on the glycaemic value in the interventional group. There was a significant difference in the pre glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and post HbA1c values in both the intervention and control group was p-value <0.023 and p-value <0.025, respectively. The maternal outcome shows increased severity of the complications in the control group while comparing with the intervention group such as pre-eclampsia, operative interference, and preterm deliveries. But there was no significant difference in the maternal outcome observed between intervention and control group p-value >0.05. Conclusion: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy is associated with lower blood glucose level. Thus, study concluded that exercise has a moderate effect on glycaemic control.
A Study of Fuzzy Relation and Its Application in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Kumar Shishir , Gangwal Chhaya
Published: June 2021

Objective: Medical diagnosis process extends within the degree to which they plan to affect different complicating aspects of diagnosis. In this research work, the concept of fuzzy relation with medical diagnosis is studied and the application of fuzzy relations to such problems by extending the Sanchez’s approach is introduced.

Method: An application of fuzzy relation with Sanchez's approach for medical diagnosis is presented. Based on the composition of the fuzzy relations, an algorithm for medical diagnosis as follows- first input the number of objects and attributes to obtain patient symptom matrix, symptom-disease matrix and the composition of fuzzy relations to get the patient-diagnosis matrix. Then find the maximum value to evaluate which patient is suffering from what disease.

Result: Using the algorithm for medical diagnosis, the disease for which the membership value is maximum gives the final decision. If almost equal values for different diagnosis in composition are obtained, the case for which non-membership is minimum and hesitation is least is considered. The output matched well with the doctor’s diagnosis.

Conclusion: In the process of medical diagnosis, state of patient are given by the patient through linguistic terminology like as temperature, cough, stomach pain etc., consideration of fuzzy sets as grades for association instead of membership grades in [0,1] is more advantageous to model the state of the patient. Similarly fuzzy relation has been introduced representing the association between symptoms and diseases. Sanchez’s approach has been extended for medical diagnosis in this reference. The approach used to form fuzzy matrix showing the association of symptoms and diseases is based on the sanchez’s approach.
Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Endothelial Function: Useful Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: El-Sehly Riham A. , Shahba Abeer A. , Elsheik Raghda G. , Selim Mahmoud F.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in RA disease. In active RA patients, the majority of cardiovascular deaths result from accelerates atherosclerosis.

Aim of the Work: The aim of this work is to assess carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) and endothelial function by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in Rheumatoid arthritis patients and relation to the disease activity.

Subjects and Methods: Our study included 50 RA patients, from Tanta University Hospital. 47 women and 3 men and their age ranged from 30-62 years.  They were divided into group 1:  25 active RA patients, group 2:  25 inactive RA patients who were   diagnosed by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for diagnosis of RA 1987 and disease activity was evaluated using disease activity score 28(DAS28). Group 3: 25 normal subjects as a control group.  We measured C-IMT and FMD in all groups.

Results: By comparing the groups, we found that active RA patients had increased C-IMT compared to inactive rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls which is indicator of atherosclerosis. FMD of the brachial artery impaired in RA patients compared to controls which is indicator of endothelial dysfunction. There was highly statistically significant relation between duration, activity of RA disease and atherosclerosis in RA patients.

Conclusion: With increasing the frequency of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic RA patients, carotid IMT increased and FMD impaired when compared with general population. Active RA patients have increased carotid IMT and impaired FMD compared with inactive RA patients.
Empowering nurses in angola: the transformative outcome of training pioneer heroes / Empoderando enfermeiros em angola: as transformações resultantes da educação de heróis pioneiros
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amelia Costa , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Marchi-Alves Leila Maria , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Godoy Simone , Almeida Emerson Willian Santos
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Revisitar a história de cooperação de dois países de língua portuguesa, que resultou na formação dos primeiros enfermeiros de Angola ; Caracterizar os alunos angolanos que participaram do acordo de cooperação ; Identificar suas perspectivas e sentimentos ao final do programa, as influências da educação recebida, motivações para continuarem estudando e satisfação no trabalho. Método: estudo exploratório conduzido com alunos angolanos que graduados em Escola de Enfermagem pública do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores,  culturalmente validado com dois especialistas enfermeiros de Angola. Resultados: os esforços, desafios e realizações de heróis de ambos os lados do Atlântico são reconhecidos e se refletem na realidade social do país africano. Conclusão: Acordos de cooperação são recomendados como um caminho para a sustentabilidade das políticas de saúde a partir de uma perspectiva global.
Ribosome‐associated quality control mediates degradation of the premature translation termination product Orf1p of ODC antizyme mRNA
Authors: Pradhan Ashis Kumar , Kandasamy Ganapathi , Chatterjee Upasana , Bharadwaj Anushree , Mathew Sam J. , Dohmen R. Jürgen , Palanimurugan R.
Published: June 2021

Decoding ofOAZ1(Ornithine decarboxylaseAntiZyme 1) mRNA, which harbours two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) interrupted by a naturally occurring Premature Termination Codon (PTC), produces an 8 kDa truncated polypeptide termed Orf1p, unless the PTC is bypassed by +1 ribosomal frameshifting. In this study, we identified Orf1p as an endogenous ubiquitin‐dependent substrate of the 26S proteasome both in yeast and mammalian cells. Surprisingly, we found that the ribosome‐associated quality control factor Rqc1 and the ubiquitin ligase Ltn1 are critical for Orf1p degradation. In addition, the cytosolic protein quality control chaperone system Hsp70/Hsp90 and their corresponding co‐chaperones Sse1, Fes1, Sti1 and Cpr7 are also required for Orf1p proteolysis. Our study finds that Orf1p, which is naturally synthesized as a result of a premature translation termination event, requires the coordinated role of both ribosome‐associated and cytosolic protein quality control factors for its degradation.
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utler,
S
idney
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oshua
Authors: Ederer Fred
Published: June 2021

Born in 1917 in Odessa, Russia; died in 1993 in Silver Spring, MD. Helped investigate the effects of environmental factors on cancer incidence, including breast cancer and lung cancer.
Confidence Intervals for Two Independent Binomial Proportions
Authors: Fagerland Morten W. , Lydersen Stian , Laake Petter
Published: June 2021

Numerous confidence intervals for two independent binomial proportions exist. This article presents several intervals – both well‐known ones and less commonly used ones – for three effect measures: difference between proportions, ratio of proportions, and odds ratio. Many of the commonly used intervals perform poorly, especially in small samples, but with just a small amount of additional effort, more precise and reliable intervals can be obtained. This article provides recommendations and illustrates the methods on data from a clinical trial.
Microfluidic Printing of Tunable Hollow Microfibers for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wu Zhuhao , Cai Hongwei , Ao Zheng , Xu Junhua , Heaps Samuel , Guo Feng
Published: June 2021

Bioprinting of vascular tissues holds great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, challenges remain in fabricating biocompatible and versatile scaffolds for the rapid engineering of vascular tissues and vascularized organs. Here, novel bioink‐enabled microfluidic printing of tunable hollow microfibers is reported for the rapid formation of blood vessels. By compositing biomaterials including sodium alginate, gelatin methacrylate, and glycidyl‐methacrylate silk fibroin, a novel composite bioink with excellent printability and biocompatibility is prepared. This composite bioink can be printed into hollow microfibers with tunable dimensions using a microfluidic co‐axial printing device. After seeding human umbilical vein endothelial cells into the hollow chambers via a microfluidic perfusion device, these cells can adhere to, grow, proliferate, and then cover the internal surface of the printed hollow scaffolds to form vessel‐like tissue structures within 3 days. By combining the unique composite bioink, microfluidic printing of vascular scaffolds, and microfluidic cell seeding and culturing, the strategy can rapidly fabricate vascular‐like tissue structures with high viability and tunable dimensions. The presented method may engineer in vitro vasculatures for the broad applications in basic research and translational medicine including in vitro disease models, tissue microcirculation, and tissue transplantation.
UV‐Shielding and Clusteroluminogenic Cellulose‐Based Films with Tuneable Wettability and Permeability for Dually Self‐Indicating Food Packaging
Authors: Lai Wing‐Fu , Yip Wan , Wong Wing‐Tak
Published: June 2021

Food packaging plays a vital role not only in extending the shelf‐life and ensuring the safety and quality of food, but also in reducing the occurrence of food loss and waste. This study reports the generation of biocompatible and tuneable cellulose‐based films, which show strong UV absorbing capacity in both UVA and UVB regions to protect the packaged food from UV degradation. By taking advantage of the process of clusterization‐triggered emission, the films can indicate, by displaying changes in the intensity of luminescence, not only their properties but also the status of the packaged food. The protective and dually self‐indicating capacity of the films in food packaging is demonstrated by using frozen chicken breast as a food model. Together with their negligible toxicity, good barrier properties, and high tunability, the films warrant further development as dually self‐indicating materials for food packaging applications.
tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Initiated Radical Cyclization of 1‐(Allyloxy)‐2‐(1‐Arylvinyl)Benzenes with Sulfinic Acids to Access Sulfonated Benzoxepines
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Kuang Kaimo , Wu Meixia , Wu Sixin , Xu Qiankun , Xia Ziqin , Zhang Man
Published: June 2021

A tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐initiated radical cyclization of 1‐(allyloxy)‐2‐(1‐arylvinyl)benzenes with sulfinic acids for the construction of sulfonated benzoxepines is developed. This reaction involves a radical pathway and offers a straightforward route to the formation of seven‐membered ring via sulfonylation/cyclization process. This methodology features mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

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LET’s CONNECT Community Mentorship Program for Adolescents with Peer Social Problems: A Randomized Intervention Trial
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Gipson Polly Y. , Arango Alejandra , Lernihan Deanna , Clark Michael , Ewell Foster Cynthia , Caldwell Cleopatra , Ghaziuddin Neera , Stone Deborah
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effectiveness of LET’s CONNECT (LC), a community mentorship program based on the positive youth development model. Participants were 218 youth (66.5% girls), ages 12 to 15, who reported peer victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. These youth were randomized to LC or the control group (community resource information). The LC program linked youth to community mentors who connected with youth and facilitated their involvement in social growth activities across a 16‐month period. Outcomes were assessed at 6 and 16 months with self‐report measures of social and community connectedness, thwarted belongingness, depression, self‐esteem, and suicidal ideation and behavior. In intent‐to‐treat analyses, LC was associated with modest positive effects for social connectedness, self‐esteem, and depression. It had no effects on suicidal ideation or behavior. Results suggest that LC has the potential to positively impact the developmental trajectories of youth dealing with the interpersonal challenges of victimization, bullying perpetration, or low social connectedness. LC implementation challenges and directions for further research are also discussed.
Organocatalytic Cascade Synthesis of Peroxy‐Substituted Cyclic Carbonates from CO2‐Sourced α‐Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates and Hydroperoxides
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Yi‐Feng , Chen Wei , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: June 2021

The first cascade reaction between CO2‐sourced α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates and hydroperoxides is reported. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions using 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene as an effective commercially available organocatalyst, thus providing a sustainable methodology for the formation of a wide variety of peroxy‐substituted cyclic carbonates in moderate to high yields. Control experiments, in situ FTIR measurements, and density functional theory calculations reveal that the catalytic reaction is a three‐step process, including intermolecular transesterification, peroxyhemiacetalization, and intramolecular transesterification, with the second step being rate determining.
Chiral Induction in Buckminsterfullerene Using a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Lo Shao‐Wei , Kitao Takashi , Nada Yusuke , Murata Kei , Ishii Kazuyuki , Uemura Takashi
Published: June 2021

Chiral induction is an emerging topic of interest in various areas of chemistry because of its relationship to the elusive mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in nature. Buckminsterfullerene (C60) with the shape of a highly symmetric truncated icosahedron has rarely been referred for chiral induction due to the difficult symmetry breaking. In this work, we demonstrate that a chiral metal–organic framework (MOF) can provide a key field for chiral induction. C60 could be incorporated into the chiral nanochannels of the MOF using an in situ self‐assembly strategy. The circular dichroism spectra of the resulting nanocomposites showed an intense chiral signal in the absorption region of C60. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that this unprecedented chiral induction of C60 was attributed to hybridization of the molecular orbitals through a close association with the pore surface of the MOF. Our method can endow highly symmetric achiral compounds with chirality, paving the new way toward fabrication of novel chiral nanomaterials.
Highly Selective CO2 Conversion to Methanol in a Bifunctional Zeolite Catalytic Membrane Reactor
Authors: Yue Wenzhe , Li Yanhong , Wei Wan , Jiang Jianwen , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng
Published: June 2021

The hydrogenation of sequestrated CO2 to methanol can reduce CO2 emission and establish a sustainable carbon circuit. However, the transformation of CO2 into methanol is challenging because of the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation and the deactivation of catalysts by water. In the present work, different reactor types have been evaluated for CO2 catalytic hydrogenation to methanol. Best results have been obtained in a bifunctional catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) based on a zeolite LTA membrane and a catalytic Cu‐ZnO‐Al2O3‐ZrO2 layer on top. Due to the in situ and rapid removal of the produced water from the catalytic layer through the hydrophilic zeolite LTA membrane, it is effective to break the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation, thus significantly increasing the CO2 conversion (36.1 %) and methanol selectivity (100 %). Further, the catalyst deactivation by the produced water can be effectively inhibited, thus maintaining a high long‐term activity of the CMR.
Deformylierung von 5‐Formylcytidin in unterschiedlichen Zelltypen
Authors: Korytiaková Eva , Kamińska Ewelina , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas
Published: June 2021

Die epigenetische Programmierung von Zellen erfordert die Methylierung von Desoxycytidinen (dC) zu 5‐Methyl‐dC (mdC) mit anschließender Oxidation zu 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐dC (hmdC), 5‐Formyl‐dC (fdC) und 5‐Carboxy‐dC (cadC). Die anschließende Transformation von fdC und cadC zurück zu dC etabliert einen chemischen intragenetischen Regelkreis. Einer der diskutierten Wege enthält die Tdg‐unabhängige Deformylierung von fdC direkt zu dC. Hier berichten wir über die Synthese einer fluorierten fdC‐Fütterungssonde (F‐fdC), um die direkte Deformylierung zum F‐dC zu untersuchen. Die Synthese wurde entlang eines neuartigen Weges durchgeführt, der jegliches F‐dC als Zwischenprodukt umgeht, um Kontaminationsstörungen zu vermeiden. Die Zufuhr von F‐fdC und die Beobachtung der F‐dC‐Bildung in vivo gaben Einblicke in den Tdg‐unabhängigen Umwandlungsprozess. Wir liefern Daten, die die Deformylierung auch in somatischen Zelltypen belegen, nicht nur in Stammzellen. Wir untersuchten zudem die aktive Demethylierung in einem nicht‐teilenden Neurogenin‐induzierbaren System von iPS‐Zellen, die sich zu bipolaren Neuronen differenzieren.
Deformylation of 5‐Formylcytidine in Different Cell Types
Authors: Korytiaková Eva , Kamińska Ewelina , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas
Published: June 2021

Epigenetic programming of cells requires methylation of deoxycytidines (dC) to 5‐methyl‐dC (mdC) followed by oxidation to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐dC (hmdC), 5‐formyl‐dC (fdC), and 5‐carboxy‐dC (cadC). Subsequent transformation of fdC and cadC back to dC by various pathways establishes a chemical intra‐genetic control circle. One of the discussed pathways involves the Tdg‐independent deformylation of fdC directly to dC. Here we report the synthesis of a fluorinated fdC feeding probe (F‐fdC) to study direct deformylation to F‐dC. The synthesis was performed along a novel pathway that circumvents any F‐dC as a reaction intermediate to avoid contamination interference. Feeding of F‐fdC and observation of F‐dC formation in vivo allowed us to gain insights into the Tdg‐independent removal process. While deformylation was shown to occur in stem cells, we here provide data that prove deformylation also in different somatic cell types. We also investigated active demethylation in a non‐dividing neurogenin‐inducible system of iPS cells that differentiate into bipolar neurons.
Fabrication of fibrous poly (ɛ‐caprolactone) nano‐fibers containing cerium doped‐bioglasses nanoparticles encapsulated collagen
Authors: Sahrapeyma Hamed , Asefnejad Azadeh , Azami Mahmoud , Sadroddiny Esmaeil
Published: June 2021

Novel nanosized designed ceramic powders, cerium (Ce) doped bioglass (BG) with various doped Ce content, were synthesized by sol–gel method in order to be employed in the development of PCL fibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. Characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the developed Ce doped BG powders. The results confirmed successful doping of Ce inside BG structure. 0, 1, 3, and 10 wt% Ce doped 58S BG were successfully encapsulated in the collagen microspheres by water‐in‐oil emulsion method and the average particle size and hydrodynamic diameter of microspheres were determined using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis, respectively. Next, 0, 1, 3, and 10 wt% Ce doped 58S BG encapsulated collagen microspheres were loaded inside the Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) fibrous scaffold and their in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility properties were evaluated. The results of soaking samples in the simulated body fluid showed that all Ce doped 58S BG encapsulated collagen microspheres loaded PCL fibrous scaffold have acceptable bioactivity and apatite formation ability over time. The biocompatibility evaluation of developed scaffolds showed high viability and proliferation of MG63 cells cultured on the surface of 3% Ce doped 58S BG encapsulated collagen microsphere loaded in the PCL fibrous scaffold and its high potential ability for bone tissue engineering applications. These results potentially open new aspects for scaffolds aimed at the regeneration of bone defects.
A rapid RP‐HPLC stability‐indicating method development and validation of moxifloxacin hydrochloride–related substances in finished dosage forms
Authors: Vankalapati Krishna Rao , Algete Pallavi , Boodida Sathyanarayana
Published: June 2021

A reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of moxifloxacin hydrochloride–related substances in finished dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase (0.01 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate as buffer and methanol in the ratio of 70:30) eluted in isocratic mode. The HPLC flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1, and peaks were monitored at 230 nm using a photodiode array (PDA) detector. The column temperature was kept constant at 30°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The run time of the method was 16 min. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Linearity was recorded at various concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 μg mL−1 for all the moxifloxacin impurities. Linearity, regression value, recovery, %relative standard deviation (RSD) of method precision values were found within the acceptance limits. The method for related substances (RS) in moxifloxacin was found to be specific, linear, accurate, precise, rugged, and robust. The validated method was suitable for the quantification of the RSs in moxifloxacin drug products. The method was applied in quality control lab for the analysis of moxifloxacin impurities in stability analysis.
Development and validation of a stability‐indicating UPLC method for the determination of olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide degradation impurities in their triple‐combination dosage form using factorial design of experiments
Authors: Marisetti Vishnu Murthy , Katakam Prakash , Siddhani Vijaya Krishna , Katari Naresh Kumar
Published: June 2021

The current work describes the development and validation of a stability‐indicating UPLC method for the determination of olmesaratan medoxomil (OLM), amlodipine besylate (AMB), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and their degradation products in the triple‐combination tablet dosage form. The separation was achieved using a Zorbax Eclipse plus C8 RRHD (100 mm × 3.0 mm), 1.8 μm column with gradient elution of mobile phase A containing 0.02 m of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.35) and mobile phase B as acetonitrile and water (90:10, v/v). The detector signal was monitored at UV 250 nm. Analytical performance of the optimized UPLC method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The linearity ranges for OLM, AMB and HCT were 0.59–240, 0.30–60 and 0.37–150 μg/ml, respectively, with correlation coefficients >0.999. The dosage form was subjected to forced‐degradation conditions of neutral, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal and photodegradation. The method was proved to be stability indicating by demonstrating the specificity of the drugs from degradation products. The robustness of the method was evaluated through a two‐level, three‐factorial design with a multivariate approach. Statistical data analysis with best model fit P‐value < 0.05 from an ANOVA test indicated that the influence of individual factors is relatively higher than the interaction effects. The method is useful for the analysis of drug products.
Cognitive and behavioral associated changes in manifest Huntington disease: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Migliore Simone , D’Aurizio Giulia , Maffi Sabrina , Ceccarelli Consuelo , Ristori Giovanni , Romano Silvia , Castaldo Anna , Mariotti Caterina , Curcio Giuseppe , Squitieri Ferdinando
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Behavioral and cognitive changes can be observed across all Huntington disease (HD) stages. Our multicenter and retrospective study investigated the association between cognitive and behavioral scale scores in manifest HD, at three different yearly timepoints.

Methods

We analyzed cognitive and behavioral domains by the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) and by the Problem Behaviors Assessment Short Form (PBA‐s), at three different yearly times of life (t0 or baseline, t1 after one year, t2 after two years), in 97 patients with manifest HD (mean age 48.62 ± 13.1), from three ENROLL‐HD Centers. In order to test the disease progression, we also examined patients’ motor and functional changes by the UHDRS, overtime.

Results

The severity of apathy and of perseveration/obsession was associated with the severity of the cognitive decline (p < .0001), regardless of the yearly timepoint. The score of irritability significantly and positively correlated with perseveration errors in the verbal fluency test at t0 (r = .34; p = .001), while the psychosis significantly and negatively correlated with the information processing speed at t0 (r = −.21; p = .038) and significantly and positively correlated with perseveration errors in the verbal fluency test at t1 (r = .35; p < .0001).

The disease progression was confirmed by the significant worsening of the UHDRS‐Total Motor Score (TMS) and of the UHDRS‐Total Functional Capacity (TFC) scale score after two‐year follow‐up (p < .0001).

Conclusion

Although the progression of abnormal behavioral manifestations cannot be predicted in HD, the severity of apathy and perseveration/obsessions are significantly associated with the severity of the cognitive function impairment, thus contributing, together, to the disease development and to patients’ loss of independence, in addition to the neurological manifestations. This cognitive‐behavior pattern determines a common underlying deficit depending on a dysexecutive syndrome.
YB1 regulates miR‐205/200b‐ZEB1 axis by inhibiting microRNA maturation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiumei , Chen Di , Chen Huan , Wang Wen , Liu Yu , Wang Yawei , Duan Chao , Ning Zhen , Guo Xin , Otkur Wuxiyar , Liu Jing , Qi Huan , Liu Xiaolong , Lin Aifu , Xia Tian , Liu Hong‐xu , Piao Hai‐long
Published: June 2021

Background

Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB1 or YBX1) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, whether YB1 affects malignant transformation by modulating non‐coding RNAs remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between YB1 and microRNAs and reveal the underlying mechanism by which YB1 impacts on tumor malignancy via miRNAs‐mediated regulatory network.

Methods

The biological functions of YB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were investigated by cell proliferation, wound healing, and transwell invasion assays. The miRNAs dysregulated by YB1 were screened by microarray analysis in HCC cell lines. The regulation of YB1 on miR‐205 and miR‐200b was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and pull‐down assay. The relationships of YB1, DGCR8, Dicer, TUT4, and TUT1 were identified by pull‐down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. The cellular co‐localization of YB1, DGCR8, and Dicer were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The in vivo effect of YB1 on tumor metastasis was determined by injecting MHCC97H cells transduced with YB1 shRNA or shControl via the tail vein in nude BALB/c mice. The expression levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers were detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry assays.

Results

YB1 promoted HCC cell migration and tumor metastasis by regulating miR‐205/200b‒ZEB1 axis partially in a Snail‐independent manner. YB1 suppressed miR‐205 and miR‐200b maturation by interacting with the microprocessors DGCR8 and Dicer as well as TUT4 and TUT1 via the conserved cold shock domain. Subsequently, the downregulation of miR‐205 and miR‐200b enhanced ZEB1 expression, thus leading to increased cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, statistical analyses on gene expression data from HCC and normal liver tissues showed that YB1 expression was positively associated with ZEB1 expression and remarkably correlated with clinical prognosis.

Conclusion

This study reveals a previously undescribed mechanism by which YB1 promotes cancer progression by regulating the miR‐205/200b‒ZEB1 axis in HCC cells. Furthermore, these results highlight that YB1 may play biological functions via miRNAs‐mediated gene regulation, and it can serve as a potential therapeutic target in human cancers.