bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE & PRACTICE ABOUT ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH ALERT MEDICATION IN THE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN LAHORE
Authors: Younis Ishrat , Shaheen Nabeela , Bano Sumaira
Published: August 2021

Purpose: High alert medications are enlightened as those medicines that bear the maximum threat of causing major patient harm when administered incorrectly. Nurses are accountable for the administration of high alert medication; inappropriate administration can show a substantial clinical result and at times can be deadly for the patients. High Alert Medication is commonly used in the emergency room, intensive care unit, pediatric ward and medical ward. Because high alert medication is used in emergency situations, they bear a heightened risk of causing patient harm when used incorrectly. Some high alert medication has a narrow therapeutic index e.g., warfarin, when used improperly, rapidly causes the undesirable side effect of bleeding. Further, well-known chemotherapeutic agents, such as vincristine, require special handling, and should be administered according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. Current investigation targeted to evaluate the level of knowledge of high alert medication among nurses in tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to explore the level of knowledge and regulations of high alert medication and obstacles faced by nurses during the administration of high alert medication in tertiary care hospital. The instrument used for the data collection was adopted questioner and convenient sampling technique was used.

Results: Outcome of current study deliver confirmation that nurses have deficient knowledge of high alert medication and its administration and regulation. Deficiency of knowledge was the significant obstacles that nurses faced during administration of high alert medication. Participants reported that conflicting views between nurses and doctors, were the most commonly encountered obstacles during administration of high alert medication these contribute to the possibility of Medicine Errors.
De regreso a casa: homeschooling versus educación escolar
Authors: Marín-Díaz Dora Lilia , León-Palencia Ana Cristina
Published: August 2021

El año 2020 nos recordó la fragilidad humana debido a los efectos de la pandemia generada por el virus Sars-Cov-2 y que se conoce por el nombre de la enfermedad que genera: Covid-19. La cuarentena declarada en muchos países para mitigar el contagio, generó transformaciones en la manera de llevar a cabo la educación formal, la principal de ellas es su desarrollo en aulas remotas, lo que reforzó la idea de la enseñanza doméstica o el Homeschooling como una alternativa a la educación escolar. En esta dirección, en este articulo se argumenta que si bien algunas de las transformaciones sufridas en las prácticas escolares durante este tiempo quizá modifiquen los modos de hacer escuela, también es cierto que la forma escuela es un cronotopo, un espacio-tiempo que permite a los niños y jóvenes la construcción de herramientas para acceder al mundo y construir mundos posibles.
Novel formulation, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-human lung cancer properties of gold nanoparticles containing Verbascum thapsus L. leaf aqueous extract
Authors: Lu Kaijin , Ou Yan , Jiang Lihao , Xiao Yijia , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Wainwright Milton
Published: August 2021

Introduction

In the present study, gold nanoparticles were prepared and synthesized in aqueous medium using V. thapsus leaf extract. We assessed the anti-human lung cancers potentials of these nanoparticles against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines.

Material and methods

AuNPs were characterized and analyzed by common nanotechnology techniques including FT-IR and UV-Vis. Spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. For determining of anti-human lung cancer properties of HAuCl4, V. thapsus, and AuNPs, MTT assay was used on normal (HUVECs), well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1), moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung (LC-2/ad), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung (PC-14) cell lines.

Results

In the FT-IR test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for reducing of gold in the gold nanoparticles. In UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 548 nm indicated the formation of gold nanoparticles. AuNPs had excellent anti-human lung cancer effects dose-dependently against HLC-1, LC-2/ad, and PC-14 cell lines. The best result of anti-human lung cancer activities of AuNPs against above cell lines was observed in the case of the PC-14 cell line.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the synthesized AuNPs showed significant anti-human lung cancer properties against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines in a dose depended on manner.
Design of a Compact Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications
Authors: Mukta Chaitali , Rahman Mahfujur , Islam Abu Zafor Md. Touhidul
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed
A Trust-Based Predictive Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Divya K. , Srinivasan B.
Published: August 2021

The Internet of things (IoT) is a heterogeneous network of different types of wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and RFID. To make IoT a reality for smart environment, more attractive to end users, and economically successful, it must be compatible with WSNs and MANETs. In light of this, the present paper discusses a novel quantitative trust model for an IoT-MANET. The proposed trust model combines both direct and indirect trust opinion in order to calculate the final trust value for a node. Further, a routing protocol has been designed to ensure the secure and reliable end-to-end delivery of packets by only considering trustworthy nodes in the path. Simulation results show that our proposed trust model outperforms similar existing trust models.
Trust and Accountability in a Business Consortium: a case of coopetition
Authors: Do Nascimento Eder Bruno Cavalcanti , Outtes Wanderley Lilian Soares , Pires Duarte Raabe
Published: August 2021

This study in a business consortium at SERVTEC - PE, in Recife/Brazil, aimed at analyzing various aspects of trust in a coopetitive environment. This is a descriptive, exploratory and  qualitative study, including semi-structured interviews with the five companies directors who have decided for the formation of the consortium. Combining the literature of coopetition and trust, the research had as main objective, to better understand relations of trust in a business consortium, considering that participants cooperate and compete in the same industry. The results showed that trust is essential in a business consortium relationship and it strongly contributes to achieving good results in a project. It was evident that the duration of this relationship determined the confidence levels of the consortium and therefore ensured longevity of the consortium for other projects. The study identified key attributes of trust considered by consortium members as competence, trustworthiness and mutual respect.  These three are the core attributes of trust at SERVTEC. Finally, it became clear that accountability in a business consortium and clear division of responsibilities, together with financial results of the project can contribute to the achievement of higher levels of inter-organizational trust.
GASTOS PÚBLICOS COM DIÁRIAS E PASSAGENS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE PROCEDIMENTOS DE CONTROLE INTERNO NO ÂMBITO MUNICIPAL
Authors: Soares Cristiano Sausen , Moreira Simone Müller
Published: August 2021

A concessão de diárias e passagens no serviço público deve obedecer normas de finanças públicas e a Teoria Institucional pode auxiliar no entendimento de procedimentos para controle e concessão desse gastos. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como ocorre o processo de concessão e controle de gastos com diárias e passagens no âmbito municipal. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Santa Maria/RS, a partir dos dados divulgados no portal de transparência, pesquisa documental e entrevista. Os resultados denotam a existência de legislação específica, identificando-se que o controle interno é efetivo. A institucionalização de práticas para a concessão de diárias e passagens está constituída em normativas que atendem as prescrições legais. Na visão do orçamento, constatou-se que os valores gastos apresentam baixa representatividade frente à receita. Foram comparados os valores gastos entre os cinco municípios com maior população do estado gaúcho, verificando que em Santa Maria/RS, no ano de 2014, o valor gasto com diárias e passagens foi de R$ 2,34 por habitante. Por fim, entende-se que os resultados podem contribuir com os entes públicos municipais, servidores, sociedade e demais entidades na fiscalização e instrumentalização de procedimentos realizados na concessão e controle de gastos com diárias e passagens.
Variabilidade decadal da precipitação em Microrregiões do Piauí – Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar
Published: August 2021

As variabilidades decadais e a comparação com a média histórica pluviométrica para as microrregiões de coleta de precipitações no Estado do Piauí, baseando-se em séries históricas de 1912 a 2011 e de 1962-2011, poderão contribuir nas decisões de setores como a economia, agropecuária, irrigação, produção de energia, recursos hídricos, aos técnicos agrícolas e tomadores de decisões, principalmente em casos de eventos extemos. Os fatores provocadores de chuvas para a área em estudo demostram suas variabilidades dependendo das atividades de sistemas atmosféricos atuantes como: Zona de convergência do Atlântico Sul, Zona de Convergência Intertropical, vestígios de frentes frias, Linhas de instabilidades e as formações dos ciclones de altos níveis, contribuindo para maiores ou menores variabilidades pluviométricas. As contribuições locais e a Zona de Convergência Intertropical atuam com intensidade no setor norte e provocaram chuva acima da normalidade em algumas décadas. As influencias dos fenômenos El Niño (La Niña) para as décadas em estudo na forma de fenômenos adversos apresentaram contribuições isoladas.Palavras-chaves: Oscilações decadal, irrigação, fatores provocadores e/ou inibidores de chuvas.
Espaço Geográfico vivido socialmente: uma aproximação da Geografia Crítica com o Horizonte Humanista
Authors: Brule David Melo van Den
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo examina como o conceito de espaço, fundamento da análise geográfica, consolidou-se ao longo do tempo. A opção de análise visa aqui privilegiar duas linhas de abordagens: a da Geografia Crítica, tendo como referência a obra de Milton Santos, e a escola de pensamento da Geografia Humanista, com as noções de espaço vivido. Este artigo, fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, se propõe especificamente a trabalhar principalmente com as formulações de Milton Santos contidas nas obras Por uma Geografia Nova: Da Crítica da Geografia a uma Geografia Crítica, publicada em 1978 e A natureza do Espaço: Técnica e Tempo, Razão e Emoção, publicada em 1996. Considera-se importante também a contribuição da Geografia Humanista na abordagem do que seja o espaço, pois esta perspectiva validou questões subjetivas do ser humano, como o sentimento, a percepção, a identidade, a alteridade, o místico. Palavras Chaves: Espaço Social; Milton Santos; valores.Palavras Chaves: Espaço Social; Milton Santos; valores.
UMA LEITURA SOBRE AS ORIGENS DO MOVIMENTO DA MATEMÁTICA MODERNA (MMM) NO BRASIL
Authors: Alves Antônio Maurício Medeiros , Silveira Denise Nascimento
Published: August 2021

A partir do final dos anos de 1950, diferentes debates sobre a necessária renovação do ensino da Matemática, nos diferentes níveis de ensino, ocuparam professores, pedagogos e outros sujeitos envolvidos com a educação, no Brasil e no mundo. Tais debates desencadearam um movimento que no Brasil ficou conhecido como Movimento da Matemática Moderna (MMM). O MMM tem sido temática de diferentes estudos de pesquisadores que têm, como foco, as mudanças ocorridas na disciplina de Matemática. Esse texto procura contribuir para a superação da representação de “importação” de um modelo imposto, pois os elementos aqui problematizados indicam que, na verdade, a adesão ao MMM no Brasil se deu pelo convencimento da maioria dos professores de que havia necessidade de uma reforma para superação dos problemas enfrentados no ensino dessa disciplina e de que a proposta da Matemática Moderna, com base na aproximação dos estudos do Grupo Bourbaki aos estudos da psicologia, poderia ser um meio para isso.
SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO E PLANEJAMENTO ESCOLAR: DESCONTINUIDADES DO PDE-ESCOLA
Authors: Machado Carla Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o PDE-Escola (Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola) enquanto uma política que visa instrumentalizar os gestores escolares para o planejamento da gestão das escolas. Para isso traça-se um breve panorama do processo de descentralização da educação no Brasil, um histórico do PDE-Escola até os dias atuais. A seguir apresenta-se um levantamento das dissertações e teses do banco de teses do Portal Capes, identificando as principais discussões ocorridas sobre o tema, utilizando análise de conteúdo para interpretar o material coletado. Para o presente estudo nosso corpus de análise foram 15 dissertações e teses disponíveis no Portal de teses da Capes. A pesquisa nos levou a identificar o PDE-Escola como uma política contraditória e permeada de descontinuidades.
OS POVOS INDÍGENAS E O ENSINO: REFLEXÕES E QUESTIONAMENTOS ÀS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Silva Edson
Published: August 2021

Um dos maiores desafios, de uma forma em geral, para tratar a temática indígena no ensino é a superação de imagens exóticas e folclorizadas por visões críticas sobre os povos indígenas. As mobilização sociopolíticas indígenas contemporâneas, a presença de índios estudando nas universidades, bem como a Lei nº 11.645/2008 que determinou a inclusão da história e culturas indígenas nos currículos da Educação Básica, vem exigindo maiores conhecimentos sobre os povos indígenas para novas reflexões e abordagens, a produção de subsídios didáticos específicos e provocando questionamentos sobre a formação de professores e as práticas pedagógicas.
ENUNCIADOS SOBRE OBSERVAÇÃO E REGISTRO NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Oliveira Camila Maria
Published: August 2021

O artigo em tela tem como objeto enunciados sobre observação e registro expressos em artefatos pedagógicos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). O nosso objetivo é ao desenvolver esta análise identificar como tais discursos sobre observação e registro podem estar implicados em processos de subjetivação de sujeitos da EJA. Sob o enfoque dos estudos sobre discurso e modos de subjetivação na perspectiva foucaultiana, temos como corpus de análise o terceiro caderno temático da coleção trabalhando com a EJA: observação e registro; diários de classe; fichas de matrícula e fichas individuais de registro das notas. Na análise do corpus identificamos enunciados de descritibilidade; como técnica de poder o mecanismo de visibilidade expresso no registro e como técnicas de si, apontamos a auto-reflexão e narrativas de si, expressas na auto-observação e no registro da prática pedagógica. A análise realizada nesses artefatos indicam efeitos na subjetividade de estudantes e professores da EJA.
Marketing Verde: Fatores da geração Z sobre questões ambientais
Authors: Pereira Glauber Ruan , Veiga Alípio Ramos , Oliveira Júnior Jonilson Carvalho de , Oliveira Heitor César
Published: August 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os fatores determinantes do interesse em questões ambientais entre consumidores da geração “Z”. Estratégias de marketing ambiental têm sido aplicadas para promover vantagem competitiva em um mercado preocupado com questões ambientais. Conhecer como se comportam os consumidores que estarão em cena nas próximas décadas pode auxiliar empresas a antecipar-se, adequando-se às necessidades de um público favorável às questões ambientais. Este estudo adotou um instrumento com 67 variáveis selecionadas da literatura, onde se investigou 342 adolescentes selecionados  por  conveniência  de  acesso. Através da análise fatorial exploratória foram encontrados 10 fatores que determinam o comportamento desses indivíduos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam uma percepção ambiental singular no que concerne a responsabilidade ambiental da empresa como preponderante na decisão de compra. Sugere-se que possa haver continuidade da pesquisa para que seja desenvolvido um modelo teórico contribuindo para percepção do interesse em questões ambientais entre consumidores da geração “Z”.
Justiça Social e Transformative Consumer Research: A proposição de uma reflexão teórica
Authors: Ássimos Bruno Medeiros , Pinto Marcelo De Rezende , Batinga Georgiana Luna , Almeida Gustavo Tomaz
Published: August 2021

Quando algo é classificado como socialmente injusto, fica apontado que alguém possui menos do que deveria ter. Este ensaio possui o intuito de provocar uma reflexão inicial sobre as possibilidades de enlace entre a discussão de justiça social e os estudos baseados nas diretrizes da Transformative Consumer Research (TCR), haja vista sua intenção de trazer para os estudos do consumo, públicos e questões de pesquisa historicamente marginalizados, buscando a promoção do bem-estar por meio da mudança social. É preciso que diferentes tipos de interseções que formam um problema sejam investigados para que, de fato, uma discussão aprofundada promova a minimização da injustiça social. Dessa forma, este trabalho aponta que a TCR pode ajudar na promoção da justiça social, dadas as oportunidades que oferece a ampliação de discussões envolvendo o estado e a sociedade civil, principalmente com a adoção de uma abordagem realista crítica de pesquisa.
Molecular characterization of filamentous bacteria isolated from full-scale activated sludge processes
Authors:   , Marrengane Zinhle
Published: August 2021

Activated sludge flocs are responsible for flocculation, settling and dewaterability. It is important to maintain the growth off loc-forming bacteria for efficient sludge settleability and compaction for good quality effluent. Filamentous bacteria on the other hand are believed to provide rigid support network or backbone upon which floc-forming bacteria adhere to form stable activated sludge flocs (Wilderer et al., 2002; Ramothokang et al., 2003). Filamentous bacteria can also be detrimental to the process when they outgrow floc-forming bacteria. Morphologically filamentous bacteria are at an advantage as they have higher outward growth velocity and can extend freely to bulk liquid substrate. Proliferation of filamentous bacteria causes foaming and bulking (Martins et al., 2004). Although chemical alleviation measures to circumvent bulking are present, they are symptomatic (Chang et al., 2004). Eikelboom (1975) developed the first identification keys for the classification of filamentous bacteria that is primarily based on morphological characteristics and microscopic examination. Although very useful, this type of identification has its limitations. For instance some filamentous bacteria can change morphology in response to changes in the environment and although some of them can be morphologically similar they may vary considerably in their physiology and taxonomy (Martins et al., 2004). A vast number of filamentous bacteria are still very poorly understood which could be due to the problems of cultivation due to their slow growing nature and maintenance of cultures (Rossetti et al., 2006). This limitation necessitates a molecular approach to resolve the taxonomy of filamentous bacteria as it is a culture-independent technique which is highly accurate. This project was undertaken to verify the identity of pure cultures of filamentous bacteria isolated previously through the application of molecular techniques. The 16S rDNA are conserved regions in bacterial cells and they can be extracted and specific nucleic acid fragments amplified. Denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis enabled the separation of fragments of identical length but different size and served as an indication of purity (Muyzer et al., 1993).
AB initio studies of a pentacyclo-undecane cage lactam
Authors:   , Singh Thishana
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to utilize computational techniques in the determination of the mechanistic pathways for the one-pot conversion of a pentacyclo-undecane (PCU) dione 1.1 to a pentacyclo-undecane cage lactam 1.2.
PHÂN TÍCH TÌNH HÌNH BIẾN ĐỘNG VỀ SỬ DỤNG ĐẤT GIAI ĐOẠN 2014-2020 TẠI XÃ THỊNH HƯNG, HUYỆN YÊN BÌNH, TỈNH YÊN BÁI
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hồng
Published: August 2021

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tổng hợp kết quả và phân tích tình hình biến động về sử dụng đất giai đoạn 2014-2020 xã Thịnh Hưng, huyện Yên Bình, tỉnh Yên Bái. Để đạt được kết quả nghiên cứu đề tài sử dụng phương pháp thu thập số liệu tài liệu nhằm thu thập số liệu về diện tích các loại đất. Phương pháp thống kê, so sánh số liệu năm 2014 và 2020 để thấy được sự biến động, thay đổi về cơ cấu các loại đất. Phương pháp phân tích, đánh giá tổng hợp với mục đích phân tích làm rõ tình hình biến động đất. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy biến động đất của xã Thịnh Hưng có sự thay đổi theo chiều hướng gia tăng, cụ thể tổng diện tích tự nhiên của toàn xã năm 2020 là 2.572,18 ha tăng 2,38 ha so với năm 2014 (2.569,80 ha). Nguyên nhân biến động chủ yếu do chuyển đổi mục đích sử dụng đất giữa các loại đất thành phần, tổng diện tích đất nông nghiệp và đất phi nông nghiệp có sự biến động rõ ràng. Trên cơ sở phân tích tình hình biến động, nghiên cứu cũng đề xuất những giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả quản lý và sử dụng đất ở xã Thịnh Hưng, huyện Yên Bình, tỉnh Yên Bái.
MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA MẬT ĐỘ HANG VÀ MẬT ĐỘ CUA (BRACHYURA) TRONG HỆ SINH THÁI RỪNG NGẬP MẶN HUYỆN HẬU LỘC, TỈNH THANH HOÁ
Authors: Hoàng Ngọc Khắc , Hoàng Anh Dũng , Vương Thị Kim Dung , Phạm Tú Uyên
Published: August 2021

Nghiên cứu về mối quan hệ giữa mật độ hang và mật độ cua trong hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn huyện Hậu Lộc được thực hiện vào 12/2020 tại 19 điểm đại diện cho 3 sinh cảnh trong khu vực nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy mật độ hang và mật độ cua có sự thay đổi rõ rệt theo chiều hướng tăng dần từ các sinh cảnh ven rừng về phía biển (rừng thưa, cây thấp dưới 5 tuổi), sinh cảnh rừng mới trồng (rừng từ 5 – 9 tuổi) đến các sinh cảnh rừng trồng lâu năm (trên 9 tuổi). Tại các điểm khảo sát, các sinh cảnh có tuổi rừng càng cao, độ che phủ lớn, lượng mùn bã hữu cơ từ lượng vật chất rơi rụng nhiều thì mật độ hang cua càng nhiều, có thể tới hơn 150 hang/m2 và mật độ cua có thể tới gần 50 con/m2. Đã xác định được mối tương quan giữa mật độ hang và mật độ cua ở các sinh cảnh và trong toàn hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn. Trong đó tương quan giữa mật độ hang và mật độ cua ở rừng mới dưới 5 tuổi trồng là không chặt chẽ, ở rừng 5-9 tuổi và rừng trên 9 tuổi là tương quan thuận và khá chặt chẽ (với R² = 0.6636 và R² = 0.6734). Tương quan giữa mật độ hang, mật độ cua trong toàn bộ khu vực rừng ngập mặn huyện Hậu Lộc cũng là tương quan thuận và chặt chẽ (với R² = 0.8481).
Uçuş Korkusu Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: Özant Nihan , Kelleci Merve
Published: August 2021

Zamandan tasarruf etmesi ve konforlu seçenekler sunması sayesinde havayollarının kullanım oranı gün geçtikçe artmaya devam etmektedir. Uçuş sektörü; iş dünyası, seyahat dünyası ve küreselleşen dünyaya hizmet eden bir çatı haline gelmiştir. Bu sebepledir ki, uçuştan korkmak ve eylemden kaçınmanın kişisel ve mesleki sonuçları olacaktır. Literatürde uçuş korkusuna bir fobi olarak bakılmış ve çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Bu araştırmada uçuş korkusunun oluşumunda etkili olan faktörler incelenmek istenmiş ve literatüre nitel bulgular sunulmuştur. Çalışma grubu, 12 kadın 4 erkek toplamda 16 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 32,18’dir. Katılımcılar ikişerli gruplar halinde yarı yapılandırılmış sorularla odak görüşmeye alınmıştır. Görüşmeler kayıt altına alındıktan sonra datalara içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Uçuş korkusunun oluşum sürecini etkileyen; ölüm riski, değerlendirme, önceki ve benzer deneyim, fizyolojik etkiler, diğer korkularla ilişki, yeniliğe açıklık olmak üzere altı temel kategori bulgulanmıştır.
Kentsel Hava Taşımacılığı Kabul ve Kullanım Modeli: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Yavaş Volkan , Yavaş Tez Özge
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, havacılığın geleceği olarak gösterilen ve uçan araba olarak da bilinen “Kentsel Hava Taşımacılığı” sisteminin tüketici açısından kabulü ve kullanımına yönelik tutumların belirlenebilmesi amacıyla bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Çalışma iki grup üzerinde yürütülmüştür. İlk grup yaşları 17 ile 59 arasında değişen 230 katılımcıdan oluştururken; ikinci grubu benzer özelliklere sahip 279 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılardan toplanan veriler ile tanımlayıcı istatistikler, normal dağılıma ilişkin çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri ve aykırı uç değer, yapı geçerliği için AFA ve DFA, madde analizi, güvenirlik için Cronbach Alfa ve iki yarı test güvenirliği (Split-Half), yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik için Ortalama Açıklanan Varyans (AVE), Ortalama AçıklananVaryansın Karekökü (√AVE) ile Birleşik Güvenirlik (CR) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen AFA sonucunda 7 faktör ve 30 maddelik bir yapı ortaya çıkmış ve ortaya çıkan yapının doğrulanması için DFA gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda Kentsel Hava Taşımacılığı Kabul ve Kullanım Modeli Ölçeği’nin (UAM-AUM) 30 madde ve 7 faktörlü yapısı (avantaj ve algılanan kolaylık, uçmaya istekli olma, niyet, kullanım için davranışsal niyet, kullanım niyeti, güven, çevre) için verilerin mükemmel uyum iyiliği değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kentsel Hava Taşımacılığı Kabul ve Kullanım Modeli Ölçeği’nin (UAM-AUM) tüketici açısından kabulü ve kullanımına yönelik tutumların belirlenebilmesi için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Constant Flux Layers with Gravitational Settling: with links to aerosols, fog and deposition velocities over water
Authors: Taylor Peter Allan
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Turbulent boundary layer concepts of constant flux layers and surface roughness lengths are extended to include the effects of gravitational settling. These impact vertical profiles and surface deposition of aerosols, including fog droplets, especially over water. Simple profile solutions are possible in neutral and stably stratified atmospheric surface boundary layers.
Molecular-level evidence for marine aerosol nucleation of iodic acid and methanesulfonic acid
Authors: Ning An , Liu Ling , Ji Lin , Zhang Xiuhui
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Both iodic acid (HIO3, IA) and methanesulfonic acid (CH3S(O)2OH, MSA) have been identified by field studies as important precursors of new particle formation (NPF) in marine areas. However, the mechanism of NPF in which IA and MSA are jointly involved is still unclear. Hence, we investigated the IA-MSA nucleation system under different atmospheric conditions and uncovered the corresponding nucleating mechanism at a molecular level for the first time using quantum chemical approach and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). The findings showed that MSA can stabilize IA clusters via both hydrogen and halogen bonds. Moreover, the joint nucleation rate of IA-MSA system is significantly higher than that of IA self-nucleation, particularly in relatively cold marine regions with sparse IA and rich MSA. For the IA-MSA nucleation mechanism, in addition to self-nucleation of IA, the IA-MSA-involved clusters can also directly participate in the nucleation process, and their contribution is particularly prominent in the polar regions with rich MSA and sparse IA. The IA-MSA nucleation mechanism revealed in this work may help to elucidate some missing sources of marine NPF.
Can we assess the value meteorological ensembles add to dispersion modelling using hypothetical releases?
Authors: Leadbetter Susan Janet , Jones Andrew R. , Hort Matthew C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric dispersion model output is frequently used to provide advice to decision makers, for example, about the likely location of volcanic ash erupted from a volcano or the location of deposits of radioactive material released during a nuclear accident. Increasingly scientists and decision makers are requesting information on the uncertainty of these dispersion model predictions. One source of uncertainty is in the meteorology used to drive the dispersion model and in this study ensemble meteorology from the Met Office ensemble prediction system is used to provide meteorological uncertainty to dispersion model predictions. Two hypothetical scenarios, one volcanological and one radiological, are repeated every 12 hours over a period of 4 months. The scenarios are simulated using ensemble meteorology and deterministic forecast meteorology and compared to output from simulations using analysis meteorology using the Brier skill score. Adopting the practice commonly used in evaluating numerical weather prediction models (NWP) where observations are sparse or non-existent we consider output from simulations using analysis NWP data to be truth. The results show that on average the ensemble simulations perform better than the deterministic simulations although not all individual ensemble simulations outperform their deterministic counterpart. The results also show that greater skill scores are achieved by the ensemble simulation for later time steps rather than earlier time steps and at those later time steps for deposition than for air concentration. For the volcanic ash scenarios it is shown that the performance of the ensemble at one flight level can be different to that at a different flight level, e.g. a negative skill score might be obtained for FL350-550 and a positive skill score for FL200-350. This study does not take into account any source term uncertainty but it does take the first steps towards demonstrating the value of ensemble dispersion model predictions.
Impact of second trip echoes for space-borne high PRF nadir-looking W-band cloud radars
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The appearance of second trip echoes generated by mirror images over the ocean and by multiple scattering tails in correspondence of deep convective cores has been investigated for space-borne nadir-looking W-band cloud radar observations. Examples extracted from the CloudSat radar are used to demonstrate the mechanisms of formation and to validate the modeling of such returns. A statistical analysis shows that, for CloudSat observations, second trip echoes are rare and appear only above 20 km (thus easy to remove). CloudSat climatology is then used to estimate the occurrence of second trip echoes in the different configurations envisaged for the operations of the EarthCARE radar, which will adopt pulse repetition frequencies much higher than the one used by the CloudSat radar in order to improve its Doppler capabilities. Our findings predict that the presence of such echoes in EarthCARE observations cannot be neglected: in particular, over the ocean, mirror images will tend to populate the EarthCARE sampling window with a maximum frequency at its upper boundary. This will create an additional fake cloud cover in the upper troposphere (of the order of 3 % at the top of the sampling window and steadily decreasing moving downwards) and, in much less frequent instances, it will cause an amplification of signals in areas where clouds are already present. Multiple scattering tails will produce also second trip echoes but with much lower frequencies: less than one profile out of 1000 in the Tropics and practically no effects at high latitudes. At the moment Level-2 algorithms of the EarthCARE radar do not account for such occurrences. We recommend to properly remove these second trip echoes and to correct for reflectivity enhancements, where needed. More generally this work is relevant for the design of future space-borne Doppler W-band radar missions.
On the tuning of plateaus in atmospheric and oceanic 14C records to derive calendar chronologies of deep-sea cores and records of 14C marine reservoir age changes
Authors: Bard Edouard , Heaton Timothy J.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We assess the methodology of the so-called 14C plateau tuning (PT) technique used to date marine sediment records and determine 14C marine reservoir ages (MRAs) as recently reviewed by Sarnthein et al. (2020). The main identified problems are linked to the assumption of constant MRA
during 14C age plateaus; the lack of consideration of foraminifera
abundance changes coupled to bioturbation that can create spurious plateaus
in marine sediments; the assumption that plateaus have the same shapes and
durations in atmospheric and oceanic records; the implication that
atmospheric 14C / 12C peaked instantaneously from one plateau to the next; that the 14C plateaus represent 82 % of the total time spent between 14 000 and 29 000 cal yr BP, whereas during the remaining 18 % of
the time, the radiocarbon clock was running almost 5 times faster than the
radioactive decay; that the sparsity, combined with the level of analytical
uncertainties and additional noise, in both atmospheric and marine data do
not currently allow one to reliably or robustly identify plateaus (should
they exist) beyond 15 000 cal yr BP; and that the determination and
identification of plateaus in the deep-sea cores is reliant upon significant
changes in sedimentation rate within those marine sediments which are, a
priori, unknown and are not verified with an independent method. The concerns we raise are supported and strengthened with carbon cycle
box model experiments and statistical simulations of pseudo-atmospheric and
pseudo-marine records, allowing us to question the ability to identify and
tune 14C age plateaus in the context of noisy and sparse data.
Automated geological map deconstruction for 3D model construction using map2loop 1.0 and map2model 1.0
Authors: Jessell Mark , Ogarko Vitaliy , de Rose Yohan , Lindsay Mark , Joshi Ranee , Piechocka Agnieszka , Grose Lachlan , de la Varga Miguel , Ailleres Laurent , Pirot Guillaume
Published: August 2021

Abstract. At a regional scale, the best predictor for the 3D geology of the
near-subsurface is often the information contained in a geological map. One
challenge we face is the difficulty in reproducibly preparing input data for
3D geological models. We present two libraries (map2loop and map2model) that automatically
combine the information available in digital geological maps with conceptual
information, including assumptions regarding the subsurface extent of faults
and plutons to provide sufficient constraints to build a prototype 3D
geological model. The information stored in a map falls into three
categories of geometric data: positional data, such as the position of faults, intrusive, and
stratigraphic contacts; gradient data, such as the dips of contacts or faults; and
topological data, such as the age relationships of faults and stratigraphic units or their
spatial adjacency relationships. This automation provides significant
advantages: it reduces the time to first prototype models; it clearly
separates the data, concepts, and interpretations; and provides a homogenous
pathway to sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification, and value of
information studies that require stochastic simulations, and thus the
automation of the 3D modelling workflow from data extraction through to
model construction. We use the example of the folded and faulted Hamersley
Basin in Western Australia to demonstrate a complete workflow from data
extraction to 3D modelling using two different open-source 3D modelling
engines: GemPy and LoopStructural.
Choosing between post-processing precipitation forecasts or chaining several uncertainty quantification tools in hydrological forecasting systems
Authors: Valdez Emixi Sthefany , Anctil François , Ramos Maria-Helena
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This study aims to decipher the interactions of a precipitation post-processor and several other tools for uncertainty quantification implemented in a hydrometeorological forecasting chain. We make use of four hydrometeorological forecasting systems that differ by how uncertainties are estimated and propagated. They consider the following sources of uncertainty: A) forcing, B) forcing and initial conditions, C) forcing and model structure, and D) forcing, initial conditions, and model structure. For each system's configuration, we investigate the reliability and accuracy of post-processed precipitation forecasts in order to evaluate their ability to improve streamflow forecasts for up to seven days of forecast horizon. The evaluation is carried out across 30 catchments in the Province of Quebec (Canada) and over the 2011–2016 period. Results are compared using a multicriteria approach, and the analysis is performed as a function of lead time and catchment size. The results indicate that the precipitation post-processor resulted in large improvements in the quality of forecasts with regard to the raw precipitation forecasts. This was especially the case when evaluating relative bias and reliability. However, its effectiveness in terms of improving the quality of hydrological forecasts varied according to the configuration of the forecasting system, the forecast lead time, and the catchment size. The combination of the precipitation post-processor and the quantification of uncertainty from initial conditions showed the best results. When all sources of uncertainty were quantified, the contribution of the precipitation post-processor to provide better streamflow forecasts was not remarkable and, in some cases, it even deteriorated the overall performance of the hydrometeorological forecasting system. Our study provides an in-depth investigation on how improvements brought by a precipitation post-processor to the quality of the inputs to a hydrological forecasting model can be cancelled along the forecasting chain, depending on how the hydrometeorological forecasting system is configured and on how the other sources of hydrological forecasting uncertainty (initial conditions and model structure) are considered and accounted for. This has implications for the choices users might make when designing new or enhancing existing hydrometeorological ensemble forecasting systems.
On constraining a lumped hydrological model with both piezometry and streamflow: results of a large sample evaluation
Authors: Pelletier Antoine , Andréassian Vazken
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The role of aquifers in the seasonal and multiyear dynamics of streamflow is undisputed: in many temperate catchments, aquifers store water during the wet periods and release it all year long, making a major contribution to low flows. The complexity of groundwater modelling has long prevented surface hydrological modellers from including groundwater level data, especially in lumped rainfall–runoff models. In this article, we investigate whether using groundwater level data in the daily GR6J model, through a composite calibration framework, can improve the performance of streamflow simulation. We tested the new calibration process on 107 French catchments. Our results show that these additional data are superfluous for streamflow simulation, since for catchments, model performance is not significantly improved. However, parameter stability is ameliorated and the model shows a surprising ability to simulate groundwater level with a satisfying performance, in a wide variety of hydrogeological and hydroclimatic contexts. Finally, we make several recommendations regarding the model calibration process to be used in a given situation.
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes
Authors: Landrum Laura L. , Holland Marika M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In the high latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes will be dominated by the insulating effect of snow and sea-ice covering the ocean until the sea ice thins enough or sea ice concentrations decrease enough such that direct ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes become more important. Simulated wintertime conductive heat fluxes in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean increase ~7–11 W m−2 by mid-21st century and are due to both thinning sea ice and snow on sea ice. Surface heat flux estimates calculated using grid-cell mean values of sea ice thicknesses underestimate mean heat fluxes by ~16–35 % and overestimate changes in conductive heat fluxes by up to ~36 % in the wintertime Arctic basin even while sea ice concentrations remain above 90 %.
Alignment of scanning lidars in offshore wind farms
Authors: Rott Andreas , Schneemann Jörge , Theuer Frauke , Trujillo Quintero Juan José , Kühn Martin
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Long-range Doppler wind lidars are applied more and more for high resolution areal measurements in and around wind farms. Proper alignment, or at least knowledge on how the systems are aligned, is of great relevance here. The paper describes in detail two methods that allow a very accurate alignment of a long-range scanning lidar without the use of extra equipment or sensors. The well-known so-called Hard Targeting allows a very precise positioning and north alignment of the lidar using the known positions of the surrounding obstacles, e.g. wind turbine towers. Considering multiple hard targets instead of only one with a given position in an optimization algorithm allows to increase the position information of the lidar device and minimizes the consequences of using erroneous input data. The method, referred to as Sea Surface Leveling, determines the leveling of the device during offshore campaigns in terms of roll and pitch angle based on distance measurements to the water surface. This is particularly well suited during the installation of the systems to minimize alignment error from the start, but it can also be used remotely during the measurement campaign for verification purposes. We applied and validated these methods to data of an offshore measurement campaign, where a commercial long-range scanning lidar was installed on the transition piece platform of a wind turbine. In addition, we present a model that estimates the quasi-static inclination of the device due to the thrust loading of the wind turbine at different operating conditions. The results show reliable outcomes with a very high accuracy in the range of 0.02° in determining the leveling. The importance of the exact alignment as well as the possible applications are discussed in this paper. In conclusion, these methods are useful tools that can be applied without extra effort and contribute significantly to the quality of successful measurement campaigns.
Development of a Curled Wake of a Yawed Wind Turbine under Turbulent and Sheared Inflow
Authors: Hulsman Paul , Wosnik Martin , Petrović Vlaho , Hölling Michael , Kühn Martin
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A potential technique to reduce the negative wake impact is to redirect it away from a downstream turbine by yawing the upstream turbine. The present research investigated the wake behaviour for three yaw angles [−30°, 0°, 30°] at different inflow turbulence levels and shear profiles under controlled conditions. Experiments were conducted using a model wind turbine with 0.6 m diameter (D) in a wind tunnel. A short-range dual-Doppler Lidar WindScanner facilitated mapping the wake with a high spatial and temporal resolution in vertical, cross-stream planes at different downstream locations and in a horizontal plane at hub height. This versatile equipment enabled the fast measurements at multiple locations in comparison to the well known hot-wire measurements. The flow structures and the energy dissipation rate of the wake were measured from 1D up to 10D, and for one inflow case up to 16D, downstream of the turbine rotor. A strong dependency of the wake characteristics on both the yaw angle and the inflow conditions was observed. In addition, the curled wake that develops under yaw misalignment due to the counter-rotating vortex pair was more pronounced with a boundary layer (sheared) inflow condition than for uniform inflow with different turbulence levels. Furthermore, the lidar velocity data and the energy dissipation rate compared favourably with hot-wire data from previous experiments with a similar inflow condition and wind turbine model in the same facility, lending credibility to the measurement technique and methodology used here. The measurement campaign provided a deeper understanding of the development of the wake at different inflow conditions, which will advance the process to improve existing wake models.
Corpus-Based Methods for Recognizing the Gender of Anthroponyms
Authors: Nazar Rogelio , Renau Irene , Acosta Nicolas , Robledo Hernan , Soliman Maha , Zamora Sofıa
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a series of methods for automatically determining the gender of proper names, based on their co-occurrence with words and grammatical features in a large corpus. Although the results obtained were for Spanish given names, the method presented here can be easily replicated and used for names in other languages. Most methods reported in the literature use pre-existing lists of first names that require costly manual processing and tend to become quickly outdated. Instead, we propose using corpora. Doing so offers the possibility of obtaining real and up-to-date name-gender links. To test the effectiveness of our method, we explored various machine-learning methods as well as another method based on simple frequency of co-occurrence. The latter produced the best results: 93% precision and 88% recall on a database of ca. 10,000 mixed names. Our method can be applied to a variety of natural language processing tasks such as information extraction, machine translation, anaphora resolution or large-scale delivery or email correspondence, among others.