bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of altitude and duration of different hypoxia exposure on HIF-1α in the rat brain, lung and heart tissues
Authors: Li Xiao-lin , Li Maoxing , Tian Xiu-yu , Wu Lan , Chen Li-Ping , Tao Wen-di , Yang Zhi-qiang
Published: March 2020

Objective: To explore the effects of hypoxic at different altitude and duration on the expression of HIF-1α in the rat tissues. Methods: A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=12 in each group): normoxic group and 5 experimental groups. Normoxia group was placed in the normal circumstances of Lanzhou (1500 m altitude), rats in the experimental groups were exposed to hypoxia in the hypobaric hypoxic animal experiment chamber simulating the altitudes of 3000, 4500, 6000, 7500, and 8000 m for 12 h, respectively. HE staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of hippocampus tissues and the expression of HIF-1α in the rat brain, lung and heart tissues under the condition of hypoxia was detected by RT-PCR and Western Blotting. A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =12 in each group): normoxic group and 5 experimental groups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to hypoxia in the hypobaric hypoxic animal experiment chamber simulating the altitudes of 7500 m for 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 h, respectively. Detect the same indicator after dissection. Results: We demonstrated that with the increased of hypoxia altitude and prolonged hypoxia, the expression of HIF-1α in the rat showed rising tendency (P<0.05) and the severe damage was revealed by pathological biopsy. Conclusion: We conclude that the expression of HIF1α in the rat was enslaved to the different altitude and duration of altitude hypoxia exposure.
Prognostic value of an autophagy-related gene expression signature for endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Wang Hui , Ma Xiaoling , Liu Jinhui , Wan Yicong , Jiang Yi , Xia Yankai , Cheng Wenjun
Published: March 2020

Background Autophagy is associated with cancer development. Autophagy-related genes play significant roles in endometrial cancer (EC), a major gynecological malignancy worldwide, but little was known about their value as prognostic markers. Here we evaluated the value of a prognostic signature based on autophagy-related genes for EC. Methods First, various autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained via the Human Autophagy Database and their expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Second, key prognostic autophagy-related genes were identified via univariat, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Finally, a risk score to predict the prognosis of EC was calculated and validated by using the test and the entire data sets. Besides, gene set enrichment and somatic mutation analyses were also used for these prognostic ARGs. Results A total of 40 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in EC were screened and five of them were prognosis-related (CDKN1B, DLC1, EIF4EBP1, ERBB2 and GRID1). A prognostic signature was constructed based on these five genes using the train set, which stratified EC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups (P<0.05). In terms of overall survival, the analyses of the test set and the entire set yielded consistent results (test set: p < 0.05; entire set: p < 0.05). Time-dependent ROC analysis suggested that the risk score predicted EC prognosis accurately and independently (0.674 at 1 year, 0.712 at 3 years and 0.659 at 5 years). A nomogram with clinical utility was built. Patients in the high-risk group displayed distinct mutation signatures compared with those in the low-risk group. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed high risk score was associated with tumor initiation and progression associated pathways. Conclusions Based on five autophagy-related genes (CDKN1B, DLC1, EIF4EBP1, ERBB2 and GRID1), our model can independently predict the OS of EC patients by combining molecular signature and clinical characteristics.
Microbiome variation during culture growth of the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Nesvorna Marta , Molva Vit , Pekar Stano , Shcherbachenko Elena , Erban Tomas , Green Stefan J , Klimov Pavel , Hubert Jan
Published: March 2020

Background: The house mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is an important allergen source. In mite cultures used for anti-allergic vaccine production, both mite population growth patterns and microbiome composition can affect the level of allergen production. Here we analyzed mite microbial communities: “internal community” inside mites (ingested) and “environmental community” from culture environment) and their temporal changes during mite culture growth. To explain the microbiome temporal changes in mites and mite culture, the microbial profiles were correlated to the concentration of mite nitrogenous waste products (i.e., guanine) and mite population density.Results: The population dynamic of D. pteronyssinus showed a nonlinear humped-shaped pattern during mite culture growth, and a nonlinear pattern was also observed for the mite nitrogenous waste product guanine. Mite microbial communities were remarkably consistent between replicates within the same treatment and composed of relatively few dominant taxa – 11 bacterial and 3 fungal OTUs. Significant changes over time in microbial community structure in the bulk culture environment and internal mite microbiome were observed. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a main component of the yeast extract used in the mite diet, gradually disappeared during the mite culture growth and was replaced by operational taxonomic units derived from the genera Aspergillus and Candida in both the internal mite community and the environment culture samples. In the ingested community, an OTU derived from the putative fungal pathogen Malasszia was detected at low relative abundance. In internal mite community, the relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Kocuria positively correlated with mite density but negatively correlated with guanine content. The relative abundance of the bacteria Virgibacillus pantothenticus was negatively correlated with mite density in the internal community. In the culture environment, the bacterial species Lactobacillus fermentum and yeast S. cerevisiae were present in high abundance in diet, but a significant negative relationship with guanine was observed. The fungal taxa Aspergillus penicillioides and Candida mucifera increased with the amount of guanine in the culture.Conclusion: The temporal changes in the internal and environmental microbiomes of the D. pteronyssinus culture are related to mite population density and guanine contents. The detection of an OTU derived from fungi of the genus Malassezia suggests that mites could serve as vectors for dissemination. The dominant bacterial species observed here were Gram-positive bacteria, indicating a limited source for potential vaccine contamination by endotoxins (heat-stable lipopolysaccharides produced mostly by Gram-negative bacteria) in the experimental design used in this study.
Different squatting positions after total knee arthroplasty: a video-based observational study
Authors: Sun Jing-yang , Zhang Guo-qiang , Li Tie-jian , Shen Jun-min , Du Yin-qiao , Zheng Qing-yuan , Ni Ming , Zhou Yong-gang , Wang Yan
Published: March 2020

Aims There are no methods to assess patient’s squatting ability after TKA (total knee arthroplasty), this study aimed to evaluate the different squatting position of a series of patients who underwent primary TKA.Methods From May 2018 to October 2019, we retrospectively reviewed 154 videos recording the squattin-related motions of patients after TKA. Among the included patients, 119 were women and 35 were men. Their mean age at the index surgery was 61.4 years (range, 30 to 77). The median follow-up was 12 months (range, 6 to 156). We classified those squatting-related motions into three major variations according to squatting depth: half squat, parallel squat, and deep squat. The angle of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion were measured in the screenshots captured from the videos at the moment of squatting nadir.Results A total of 26 patients were classified as half squat, 75 as parallel squat, and 53 as deep squat. The angle of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion all differed significantly among the three squatting positions (p<0.001). In the parallel squat group, the mean knee flexion angle(°) was 116.5 (SD, 8.1; range, 97 to 137). In the deep squat group, the mean knee flexion angle(°) was 132.5 (SD, 9.3; range, 116 to 158). Among the three squatting positions, deep squat showed the highest hip, knee and ankle flexion angle. And the next was parallel squat.Conclusion Our squatting position classification offers a pragmatic approach to evaluating patient’s squatting ability after TKA. However, the relation between squatting position and daily activity requires further investigation.
Utility of Ferritin, Procalcitonin, and C-reactive Protein in Severe Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Zhou Bo , She Jianqing , Wang Yadan , Ma Xiancang
Published: March 2020

Objectives It is of clinical significance to evaluate the disease severity and investigate possible biomarkers of 2019 Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, we aim to describe the clinical characteristics of infection makers in severe and very severe patients with COVID-19. Methods This is a single center, observational analysis. We enrolled 48 in-hospital severe patients with COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College and analyzed infection biomarkers in 20 patients who had been tested for ferritin, PCT, CRP, etc. Results The median age was 59yrd (inter quartile range [IQR]:46-61) among severe COVID-19 group and 57yrd (IQR:45-71.5) among very severe group. We noted significantly increased CRP (1.48mg/L [IQR: 16.69-2.74] vs. 57.98mg/L [IQR: 38.335-77.565], P<0.05), PCT(0.05ng/ml [IQR: 0.03-0.06] vs. 0.21ng/ml [IQR: 0.11-0.42], P<0.05) and ferritin (291.13ng/ml [IQR: 102.1-648.42] vs. 1006.16ng/ml [IQR: 408.265-1988.25]). For blood count, significant increase was noticed in neutrophil percentage (67.6% [IQR: 61.8-76.4] vs. 86.7% [IQR: 82-92.35], P<0.01) and neutrophil count (3.75*10^9/L [IQR: 3.42-4.93] vs. 8.11*10^9/L [IQR: 5.675-8.905], P<0.05); and decrease was seen in lymphocyte percentage (22.7% [IQR: 17.4-27.4] vs. 8% [IQR: 4.85-13], P<0.05), lymphocyte count (1.62*10^9/L [IQR: 0.7-1.73] vs. 0.68*10^9/L [IQR: 0.385-1.04], P<0.05), and platelet count (214*10^9/L [IQR: 184-247] vs. 147*10^9/L [IQR: 126-202.5], P<0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of CRP, PCT and ferritin are markedly increased in very severe compared with severe COVID-19. Increased CRP, PCT and ferritin level might correlate to secondary bacterial infection and associated with poor clinical prognosis.
Los poderes excepcionales y los medios de control a las facultades extraordinarias al jefe de estado: del consulado a los estados de excepción
Authors: Valencia Grajales José Fernando
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación pretende contextualizar históricamente las consecuencias histórico-jurídico-políticas de los poderes extraordinarios concedidos al jefe de estado y como han evolucionado desde los tiempos romanos como cónsul, dictador a poderes excepcionales concedidos por los legislativos o las constituciones vigentes a los jefes de estado, conforme a las coyunturas de guerra o de imprevisión, enfocándonos en el caso colombiano. Para lo anterior se realizará un recuento histórico de dichos poderes en los estados más emblemáticos y como dichos estados han intentado controlar dichos poderes por medio de instituciones como el parlamento y las cortes de justicia. Para ello el estudio de las normas a la luz del análisis del discurso será el referente de contrastación, aunado a los fenómenos histórico-políticos que conllevaron a dichas legislaciones.
Determinants of price reversal in high-frequency trading: empirical evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Wahyu Santosa Perdana
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes whether the factors of the mechanism of high-frequency trading (HFT) or intraday trading affect the process of price reversal and continuation. The price reversal phenomenon is gaining importance rapidly due to the increasingly intensive use of IT/Fintech-based trading automation facilities on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. However, one knows little about how their trading affects volatility and liquidity pressures that cause price reversals. A new research approach uses the factors of market microstructure mechanism based on high-frequency data (HFD-intraday). The research method uses purposive random sampling, which classified price fractions into three groups, specifically low price, medium price, and high price, which are analyzed by logistic panel regression. The research variables used include price reversal (dependent), stock return, trading volume, transaction frequency, volume/frequency (V/F) proxy, volatility, and liquidity. According to low price model research findings, all variables show a significant effect on price reversal; for medium price model, all variables except liquidity show a significant effect on price reversal; and for high price model, all variables have a significant effect on price reversal, except trading volume and volatility. In conclusion, low price shares tend to have higher price reversal probability compared to continuity because they tend to be liquid, low institutional ownership, and minimal reporting/analysis and are controlled by HFTs (uninformed traders). Some variables are not significant because of the bounce effect around the bid-ask spread.
AcknowledgmentMany thanks to Armida S. Alisjahbana, Roy H. Sembel, Budiono, Rahardi S. Rahmanto, and the anonymous referee/reviewer for valuable inputs and feedback.
Hybrid contact lenses for the correction of primary and induced ametropias
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Myagkov A. V. , Guryanova O. V. , Khandzhyan A. T. , Yakunina A. I.
Published: March 2020

The review presents the data on the use of hybrid contact lenses (HCL), a modern method of contact correction of ametropias of diverse origins. A HCL has a central rigid optical zone made of highly gas-permeable material and a flexible peripheral part made of hydrophilic material. These lenses combine the optical effect of gas-permeable corneal lens with the comfort and stable fitting of soft contact lenses. Compared with the corneal (RGP) lenses, HCLs are more comfortable, often are better centrated and more stably fit on the eye. HCLs are successfully used in various refractive disorders: ametropias (with regular cornea), irregular astigmatism, presbyopia, including that combined with astigmatism. This type of lens is a good option of contact correction for patients who have high requirements to the quality of vision.
The effect of phacoemulsification of bilateral cataracts, performed at different intervals, on the macular area of the retina
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Tolchinskaya A. I. , Bagirov A. M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose. A comprehensive assessment of the state of macular retina after phacoemulsification of two eyes performed at different intervals between operations according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) data. Materials and methods. We examined 93 patients (186 eyes) aged 65.7 ± 1.6 years with bilateral age cataract after phacoemulsification of both eyes performed at different intervals between the operations: 1–5 days — 22 patients (44 eyes), 1–3 weeks — 31 patients (62 eyes), 4 or more weeks — 40 patients (80 eyes). Before surgery, visual acuity of the first eye was, on average, 0.38 ± 0.05, while that of the second eye averaged 0.41 ± 0.05. The operations were performed on the «Infiniti Vision System» (Alcon) phacoemulsifier by Ozil technology through a corneal tunnel 2.2 mm long by one and the same surgeon with no complications. The Phaco chop technique was used. All patients underwent retinal examination by Optovue Avante OPT (OPTOVUE, USA) according to the scanning Protocol Raster and, partly, by Retina map (including central retinal thickness and volume of the macula in the 5 mm zone) before the operation, and 1, 2, 4, 12 weeks after surgery, on both eyes. Results. Before surgery, the average central retinal thickness and the volume of the retina in the area of 5 mm, in both operated eyes were almost identical: the first eye revealed 271.0 ± 7.5 μm, and 5.625 ± 0.040 mm3, the second one revealed 270.0 ± 8.5 μm, and 5.628 ± 0.040 mm3. In the postoperative period, the results showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the central retinal thickness and volume in the 5 mm zone before and after surgery in both eyes, regardless of the intervals between operations. Conclusion. The absence of a significant difference in the macular retina response to surgery, confirmed by OCT data, indicated the safety of operations on both eyes regardless of the intervals between them.
Using of modern types of drainage in glaucoma surgery: our experience
Authors: Gavrilova T. V. , Lyubimov K. S. , Mukhamadeeva S. N. , Chereshneva M. V.
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To evaluate antihypertensive efficiency and safeness of Xenoplast, Glautex, and Ex-PRESS drainage during glaucoma surgery. Material and methods. 249 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (253 eyes) underwent antihypertensive operations with Xenoplast (group I, 121 patients aged 68.6 ± 7.7 yrs), Glautex (group II, 49 patients aged 66.8 ± 7.7 yrs) and Ex-PRESS (group III, 79 patients aged 67.9 ± 8.3 yrs). In groups I and II, drainages were implanted during penetrating and non-penetrating surgery. Long-term results were traced for 2 years. Results. In the early postoperative period, all groups had complications typical for antiglaucoma surgery without drainage: I — 14.8 %, II — 16.8 %, III — 16.8 %. An absolute success of the operation (normalization of IOP without additional antihypertensive therapy) was achieved as follows. In group I for patients with non-penetrating deep sclerectomy it was achieved in 98.4 % of cases at the moment of discharge from hospital, whereupon the figure fell to 15.4 % in 18 months. In group I patients, with trabeculectomy the success was achieved in 96.7 %, dropping to 6.7 %. In group II for patients with non-penetrating deep sclerectomy the success claimed 96.3 %, but after 12 months it vanished completely. In group II with trabeculectomy the success reached 95.7 %, but dropped to 16.7 % after 24 months. In group III the success rate at the moment of discharge was 96.3 % but it dropped to 16.7 % after 24 months. In cases if target pressure could not be achieved the surgery was repeated. Conclusion. The absolute success originally achieved in all groups (96.3–98.4 %) was not persistent and after a 2-year observation, tended to disappear. The effect lasted longer in eyes after trabeculectomy with Glautex and Ex-PRESS. The hypotensive effect of primary antiglaucoma surgery was higher in penetrating operations.
Retinal plasticity in retinopathy of prematurity, and phototherapy prospects
Authors: Zueva M. V. , Kogoleva L. V. , Katargina L. A.
Published: March 2020

In premature babies, plastic changes develop in the neural retina, which, depending on the severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), are a manifestation of adaptive or non-adaptive plasticity. In various experimental studies on animal ROP models, the conditioning effects of intermittent white light stimulation and various mechanisms of the positive effect of red and ultraviolet radiation on the plasticity of the retina have been demonstrated, which allows phototherapy to be considered as a promising modifying treatment for ROP supplementing the main therapy. Taking into account that light-dependent processes are involved in the pathogenesis of ROP, we also hypothesize that fractal phototherapy with complex-structured optical stimuli, as a method of activating adaptive neuroplasticity, can be most effective in the complex of methods for preventing and treating ROP.
Facilities of diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 2
Authors: Kiseleva O. A. , Balatskaya N. V. , Bessmertny A. M. , Yakubova L. V. , Kotelin V. I.
Published: March 2020

The first part of the review was focused on modern methods of instrumental diagnostics of primary open-angle glaucoma [1]. Diagnostic possibilities and informativeness of objective measurable parameters were discussed with regard to special criteria, called clinical endpoints. The second part of the review is dedicated to finding methods of early diagnosis and criteria of the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Clinical forms of allergic eye manifestations: prospects of therapy
Authors: Kovalevskaya M. A. , Filina L. A.
Published: March 2020

The review presents the main clinical forms of eye allergy. The modern classification of conjunctival allergic diseases (CAD) divides them into several types according to the presence or absence of proliferative changes complicated by atopic dermatitis or mechanical artifactual irritation. These include: 1) allergic conjunctivitis (AC) without proliferative changes, including seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and chronic allergic conjunctivitis, in which the symptoms persist the whole year; 2) atopic keratoconjunctivitis, a chronic allergic conjunctival disease affecting patients with atopic dermatitis, 3) spring keratoconjunctivitis with conjunctival and proliferative changes — papillary conjunctival hyperplasia with the involvement of the cornea (superficial punctate keratitis, erosion, persistent epithelial defect, sterile corneal ulceration), 4) giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) accompanied by proliferative changes in the upper lid and the arch of the conjunctiva of the eyeball, caused by mechanical irritation factors (contact lenses, eye prostheses, or surgical sutures). To treat these conditions, the following groups of medications are used: artificial tears; topical antihistamine drugs; mast cell membrane stabilizers; dualaction drugs, preferably without preservatives, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medications and vasoconstrictors having side effects. Olopatadin 1 mg/1 ml, preservative free (Olofadin -ECO), has certain advantages due to the fact that it combines antihistamine and membrane stabilizing action. Due to the presence of an antihistamine component in the composition, an acute reaction is stopped, while the effect of the drug is accumulated due to the presence of a membrane-stabilizing component. It is safe for long-term therapy.
Sulu Çözeltilerden Fosfor Gideriminde Demir ile Kaplanmış Aktif Karbonun Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: YEŞİLTAŞ Hasan Kıvanç , YILMAZ Turan
Published: March 2020

﻿Fosfor canlılar için temel bir nütrient olmasının yanı sıra sucul ortamlarda çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda ötröfikasyon adı verilen çevresel bir probleme sebep olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada ticari olarak satışı olan aktif karbon malzemesi demir ile kaplanarak sentezlenen yeni malzeme (DKK) ile fosfor giderimi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda DKK’nın sulu çözeltilerde fosfor gideriminde işlevsel olarak kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca malzemenin fosfor tutma kapasitesinin 4,26 mg PO43-/g DKK olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Adsorpsiyonun Langmuir matematiksel modeline uyduğu ve üretim için uygun şartların sağlanması ile birlikte ticari olarak üretiminin gerçekleştirilerek fosfor gideriminde yaygın olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performans Analizinde CRITIC-EDAS Yaklaşımı
Authors: YALÇIN Neşe , KARAKAŞ Esra
Published: March 2020

Ülke ekonomisindeki rolleri ve stratejik önemleri nedeniyle enerji sektöründeki şirketler sadece ekonomik değerlerini artırmaya değil aynı zamanda kurumsal sürdürülebilirliklerini bütün boyutları ile geliştirmeye de odaklanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performans değerlendirmesi için CRITIC ve EDAS yöntemlerinin entegre edildiği bütünleşik bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemle bir enerji firmasının 2010-2018 yılları itibariyle kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik kriterlerinin ağırlıklarının hesaplanmasında kriterlerin gerçek değerinin kullanılmasına dayanan objektif ağırlıklandırma yöntemlerinden biri olan CRITIC yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hesaplanan kriter ağırlıkları girdi olarak EDAS yönteminde kullanılmış ve firmanın yıllar itibariyle kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, firmanın kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının istikrarlı bir durum sergilemediği ancak 2018 yılı itibariyle tekrar yükselişe geçtiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, farklı kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemleriyle EDAS yöntemi entegre edilerek elde edilen sonuçlar kıyaslanmıştır. Mevcut yaklaşımın, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının değerlendirilmesinde uygun bir araç olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
İğne Çapı ve Besleme Hızının Elektro Çekim Tekniğiyle Üretilmiş Poliakrilonitril Nanoliflerinin Morfolojisine Etkisi
Authors: İÇOĞLU Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2020

Elektro çekim tekniği, sahip olduğu avantajlar sayesinde nanolif üretiminde en çok kullanılan ve araştırılan yöntemdir. Üretilen nanolif morfolojisi üzerinde etkili olan elektro çekim parametrelerinde, bazı parametreler (viskozite, yüzey gerilimi vb.) birinci dereceden önemliyken bazıları (voltaj, çözelti besleme hızı vb.) da ikinci derece öneme sahiptir. Çeşitli polimerler için özellikle iğne çapı ve ortalama nanolif çapı arasında birbirinden farklı ilişkilerin gözlemlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, poliakrilonitril (PAN) polimeri için dört farklı iğne çapı ve dört farklı çözelti besleme hızı kullanılarak elektro çekim tekniğiyle üretilen nanoliflerin morfolojisi incelenmiştir. Üretilen nanoliflerin taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) görüntüleri alınarak, bir görüntü analiz programı yardımıyla ortalama nanolif çapları ve varyasyonları ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak iğne çapındaki ve çözelti besleme hızındaki artışın ortalama nanolif çaplarında artışa neden olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla beraber kalın iğnelerde daha düşük nanolif çap varyasyonu elde edilmiştir. Özellikle 60 µL/min besleme hızı için iğne çapı artışının boncuklanmayı artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.
The status and quantification of de facto water reuse in South Africa – a review
Authors: Swana Umhle U. , Feleni Usisipho , Malefetse Tshepo J. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Schmitz Peter , Nkambule Thabo T. I.
Published: March 2020

The practice of discharging insufficiently treated wastewater to surface water used for potable use (de facto reuse) is common globally. Although de facto reuse provides a sustainable supply of water, it also affects the environment and human health negatively because the inadequately treated effluents contain contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Therefore, there is a need to determine the extent of de facto reuse in water bodies of South Africa (SA) and thus assess the potential environmental and health risks associated with the reuse of insufficiently treated wastewater in the country. This review summarizes the status of de facto reuse in SA and its negative impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the review provides background information on water reuse and as well as the current treatment technologies available in the country for potable water reuse. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) model in combination with caffeine (a wastewater tracer that is abundant in SA surface water systems) for the quantification of de facto reuse is also cited. Such methods, it is envisaged, will enable water management authorities to make well informed decisions regarding water quality issues in SA.
Potential effects and impacts of a coal spill on sensitive aquatic habitat: a weight-of-evidence sediment quality assessment
Authors: Trowell J. , Gilron G. , Graf K. , Patterson L. , Chan C. , Perelló F. , Bard S.
Published: March 2020

On 11 January 2014, a Canadian Pacific Railway train derailed on the Canadian National Railway Company's Yale Subdivision, Mile 122.7, in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. This derailment resulted in the partial release of metallurgical coal from three rail cars into, and adjacent to, Silver Creek. Following the derailment and subsequent spill, a comprehensive coal recovery program was implemented. As part of the program, coal deposits were removed from the Silver Creek mainstem in the right-of-way during the stabilization work. A total of approximately 143 tonnes of mixed coal, organic and mineral fines were removed during this program. Subsequently, using a weight-of-evidence sediment quality triad approach, a two-year Aquatic Impact Assessment was conducted to evaluate whether the remaining residual coal in Silver Creek and Burnaby Lake presented the potential for impact to the aquatic environment. Lines-of-evidence (LOEs) were evaluated, including sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity, bioaccumulation potential and coal content. The majority of the data from exposed sampling locations indicated that there was low potential for impact, based on the assessed LOEs. Hence, given the overall low potential for residual impacts from the coal deposits in the Silver Creek–Burnaby Lake ecosystem, no further clean up or monitoring was recommended.
Половозрастные особенности содержания субъективного опыта психических состояний детей с нарушениями в развитии
Authors: Артищева Лира В.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. This study addresses age-related and gender characteristics of subjective experiences of mental states in children with developmental disorders.

Methods. The authors examined subjective experiences of mental states such as joy, anger, and calmness. Children were asked to retrospectively and prospectively describe their mental states. The method of content analysis of texts was employed to identify semantic units and calculate the frequency of their occurrence.

Results. Subjective experiences of mental states in children with developmental disorders depend on their gender and age. Subjective experiences of certain mental states may have similar content in boys and girls. Subjective experiences of mental states are more pronounced in younger boys with infantile cerebral palsy than in younger girls and in adolescent boys. Experiences of mental states are significantly enriched in adolescent girls with infantile cerebral palsy. Adolescents’ subjective experiences depend on gender and mental state. Subjective experiences of the state of joy are significantly more pronounced in younger boys with severe speech impairments than in adolescent boys. Boys’ experiences of calmness have a similar content. Younger girls’ experiences of calmness are much more intense than that of the boys of the same age. Projecting into the future, subjective experiences of mental states are transformed, losing some substantial components.

Discussion. The study of subjective experiences of mental states in children with developmental disorders expands the format of available research in the field of psychology of mental states. The present study appears to be the first on characteristics of the experience of mental states in children of different nosological groups. The results of this study do not contradict the available data on mental states in school-age children provided earlier by A. O. Prokhorov.
Особенности типов отношения к болезни у женщин с разной продолжительностью течения соматизированных расстройств
Authors: Богушевская Юлия В. , Бакина Юлия А.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. This article discusses types of attitudes towards the disease in women with different durations of somatization disorders. The results from this study can be useful for achieving successful therapeutic interaction between secondary care medical specialists and patients with somatization disorders. Changes in disharmonious attitudes towards the disease are the factors contributing to the recovery of patients.

Methods. The sample was comprised of women with somatization disorder duration less than 1 year and those with somatization disorder duration between 1 year and 5 years. To determine the types of attitudes towards the disease in women with different durations of diseases this study employed the technique for assessing the Type of Attitudes Towards the Disease by L. I. Wassermann et al.

Results. There are significant differences in the types of attitudes towards the disease in women with somatization disorder duration less than 1 year and those with somatization disorder duration between 1 year and 5 years. The results of this study showed that women with somatization disorder duration of more than 1 year are characterized by a sensitive type of attitudes towards the disease, which manifests itself in an increased anxiety towards their disease. This indicates problems in social adaptation. The types of attitudes towards the disease with an intrapsychic orientation, accompanied by flight into illness predominate in women with somatization disorder duration for less than 1 year.

Discussion. This study provides evidence for disharmonious attitudes towards the disease in women with different durations of somatization disorders. Knowledge of the characteristics of attitudes towards the disease could also be useful for the implementation of psychocorrectional measures.
Особенности смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций молодежи в период формирования семейных отношений
Authors: Кара Жанна Ю. , Крутелева Людмила Ю.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article is dedicated to values and life meanings in the young people in course of familial relationships formation. The relevance of the topic results from the interest in the relationship of young people, in their building of their own personal life course. The study aims to study the value-meaning characteristics of young people married or searching partners. 61 subjects have been enrolled in the study, aged 18 to 35 years. The authors compared values and life-meanings in youths being married or seeking for a partner.

Methods. Comparative analysis and generalization of theoretical principles were applied; diagnostic techniques were also used: the “System of life meanings technique”, “Schwartz’s Values Survey”, “Questionnaire of self-relation”; Methods of mathematical processing of empirical data: to analyze the main characteristics of the distribution, we used descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results and Discussion. In the group of young men looking for a partner, preferred life meanings were such as searching for life purpose, existential understanding of the one’s being, one’s place in the society, self-development and self-realization, active interactions with other people. For the married youth, the value “self-development” was not relevant, what could influence the family integrity, according to authors. Significant values for the married young people were personal safety, protection against external conditions, a tendency towards achievements within the personal or professional field. For the young people looking for a partner, important values were achievement as the evidence of personal growth, self-sufficiency as acceptance, and responsibility for oneself and one’s life.

Statistically significant interrelations between values and life meaning in the youth in a period of the familial relationships formation are presented. The study is novel in that it revealed and characterized the life meanings and values of the modern youth, married or looking for a partner.
Содержание приоритетных ценностей у военных и гражданских пенсионеров с разными уровнями самоактуализации
Authors: Лаврова Ольга А.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. This paper deals with the issues of personal values in relation to the late periods of personal ontogenesis. Self-actualization is a criterion for retirees’ adaptive readiness for new conditions of life related to changes in social status. The characteristics of retirees’ self-actualization should be considered in the context of the subjective approach. An empirical analysis of the value and meaning characteristics in military retirees tests the hypothesis of their dependence on the level of retirees’ self-actualization.

Methods. This study employed the Schwartz Value Survey and the Short Index of Self-actualization. The sample comprised 130 individual participants. The design of this study involved the experimental (n = 65 military retirees) and the control (n = 65 civil retirees) groups.

Results and Discussion. The author compared the characteristics of value and meaning sphere in military and civil retirees. Conformity, traditions, and security are value priorities of military retirees. A significant differentiation of individual value choices was observed in the group of civil retirees. The control and experimental subjects demonstrated statistically significant differences in the following value choices: power, achievement, stimulation, universalism, benevolence, traditions, and conformity.

Independence is a value priority for both military and civil retirees with a high level of self-actualization. Power and stimulation are value priorities for retirees with a low level of self-actualization.
Возможности и ограничения опросника «Мастер организации групповой работы»
Authors: Базаров Тахир Ю. , Райков Александр В. , Шайхутдинов Ринат Р.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The concept of three roles of the organizer of group work (facilitator, mediator, and moderator) underlies the FaMeMo Inventory, which expands our understanding of the psychology of leadership. This study aims at developing and testing a modified version of the Inventory, which provides an external evaluation of the leader’s competencies by members of his/her group.

Methods. We tested the Inventory in a quasi-experiment and examined how the components of the organizer’s competence influence the efficiency of joint intellectual activity. To check the validity of the modified version of the tool we used the following questionnaires: Diagnostics of Group Motivation (I. D. Ladanov), Diagnostics of a Team’s Business, Creative, and Moral Climate (N. P. Fetiskin, V. V. Kozlov, G. M. Manuylov), Technique for Assessing Psychological Atmosphere in a Team (A. F. Fidler), Technique for Determining the Group Cohesion Index (K. I. Sishor), and Technique for Studying the Subject-activity and Socio-psychological Cohesion of a Group (A. V. Sidorenkov, A. L. Mondrus).

Results. The results of the empirical study in a sample of 97 individual participants aged 18–25 years indicate the normality in the distribution for the ‘mediator’ scale, the negative asymmetry for the ‘facilitator’ and ‘moderator’ scales, and a high degree of internal consistency reliability of the Inventory scales (0.846–0.854). Structural modeling provided evidence for the factor validity of the Inventory. We identified and analyzed the items that reduced psychometric characteristics and proposed their reformulations. The hypotheses of the convergent validity of the Inventory scales were verified and mainly confirmed.

Discussion. The proposed version of the technique demonstrated good psychometric properties, which determines the possibility of investigating competence components in masters of group work organization by means of external evaluation of their group members and also prospects of further development of the tool.
POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI MORAL PADA ANAK KELUARGA PEMULUNG DI DESA WINONG, KECAMATAN BAWANG, KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA (STUDI KASUS KELUARGA PEMULUNG)
Authors: Hidayati Tutik
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang 1) Pola asuh orang tua keluarga pemulung dalam menanamkan nilai moral pada anak. 2) Faktor penghambat dan faktor pendorong orang tua keluarga pemulung dalam menanamkan nilai moral pada anak khususnya keluarga pemulung di Desa Winong Kecamatan Bawang Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini meliputi 5 keluarga pemulung yang mempunyai anak umur 0 - 18 tahun di Desa Winong Kecamatan Bawang Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Dari 5 (lima) keluarga pemulung di Desa Winong, Kecamatan Bawang, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, 3 (tiga) keluarga pemulung mengarah pada pola asuh permisif. Sedangkan 2 (dua) keluarga diantaranya menggunakan pola asuh demokratis. Pola asuh demokratis ditandai dengan adanya sikap terbuka antara orang tua dengan anaknya, menghargai setiap pendapat anak, memusyawarahkan dengan anak untuk keputusan yang baik. Sedangkan pola asuh permisif ditandai dengan orang tua memberikan kebebasan secara mutlak kepada anak dalam bertindak tanpa ada arahan, orang tua terkesan membiarkan anak tanpa pengawasan untuk anak. 2) Faktor Penghambat : a).  Pengalaman pola asuh orang tua b). Lingkungan tempat tinggal c). Sikap orang tua yang belum sesuai nilai moral. Sedangkan Faktor Pendorong : a) Adanya TPQ di lingkungan tempat tinggal dan Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan yang didapatkan di sekolah.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA MADRASAH DINIYAH DI PONDOK PESANTREN WAHID HASYIM SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Faisal Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan: 1) Bentuk Pelaksanaan Madrasah Diniyah; 2) Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Diniyah; 3)Faktor pendukung dan penghambat Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Diniyah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kualitatif deskriptif. Informan penelitian adalah Kepala Madrasah Diniyah, Ustadz/pengelola Madrasah Diniyah, Pengurus, dan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Wahid Hasyim. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun tehnik yang digunahkan dalam analisis data adalah display data, reduksi data dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Trianggulasi yang dilakukan dengan menggunahkan trianggulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Madrasah Diniyah merupakan lembaga pendidikan nonformal pesantren tingkat dasar dan menengah dengan kurikulum agama islam yang diajarkan melalui Kutubut tsurat. Mempunyai 4 jenjang jenjang pendidikan yaitu I’dadiyah(dasar), ula (awal), wustha(menengah) dan ulya (tinggi). 2) Kepala Madrasah Diniyah cenderung menggunakan kepemimpinan parsitipatif yang lebih mengutamakan musyawarah serta merangkul setiap anggotanya. Komunikasi yang digunakan ada 2 cara yaitu global dan individual. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Kepala Madrasah Diniyah santai tetapi serius dan juga dikenal disiplin. 3) Faktor pendukung: Madrasah Diniyah berada di lingkungan pesantren, adanya kerjasama yang baik antar lembaga, para ustadz berlatar pendidikan yang bagus, tingkat kepercayaaan santri dan pihak lain yang tinggi. Faktor penghambat: gedung merupakan milik yayasan yang digunakan bersama oleh semua lembaga, itu masih adanya rasa pekewuh terhadap santri senior dan terdapat beberapa santri yang juga aktif di lembaga lain
PERAN KARANG TARUNA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN PEMUDA MELALUI PELATIHAN KARAWITAN GAMELAN JAWA DUSUN PLUMBON KELURAHAN NGADIREJO KECAMATAN EROMOKO WONOGIRI
Authors: Arifianto Riris
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan: (1) Peran Karang Taruna dalam pemberdayaan pemuda melalui pelatihan karawitan gamelan jawa oleh Karang Taruna Milik Anak Plumbon Sejati (MAPS) 03; (2).Poses pemberdayaan pemuda melalui karawitan gamelan jawa oleh Karang Taruna Milik Anak Plumbon Sejati (MAPS) 03; (3) Faktor penghambat maupun faktor pendukung pemberdayaan pemuda melalui pelatihan karawitan gamelan jawa oleh Karang Taruna MAPS 03 di Dusun Plumbon. Penelitian  ini  menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian adalah pengurus, anggota dan tokoh masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis data adalah reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Trianggulasi yang digunakan dalam keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber  dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) peran Karang Taruna dalam program pemberdayaan melalui pelatihan karawitan gamelan jawa  ini adalah sebagai media dan fasilitasi kelompok (group facilitation) ; (2) proses pemberdayaan pemuda melalui karawitan gamelan jawa meliputi tahap perencanaan kegiatan yaitu dengan penyusunan jadwal dan sosialisasi. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi kegiatan pelatihan. Tahap evaluasi meliputi diskusi dan sharing; (3) faktor pendukung khususnya dari orang tua dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Faktor penghambat rasa malas dan jam belajar pelatihan.
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PARENTING DI PAUD TERPADU YAYASAN PUTRA PUTRI GODEAN, SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nurjanah Kholisatul
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) pelaksanaan program parenting, 2) faktor pendukung pelaksanaan program parenting 3) faktor apakah yang menghambat pelaksanaan program parenting yang ada di Paud Terpadu Yayasan Putra Putri Godean. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, dan mengambil lokasi di Jalan Sokonilo, godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendidik, tenaga kependidikan dan orangtua siswa Paud terpadu yayasan putra putri godean.  Pengumpulan  data  menggunakan  metode observasi,  wawancara,  dan dokumentasi. Peneliti merupakan instrumen utama dalam melakukan penelitian, yang dibantu dengan pedoman observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara.  Teknik yang digunakan dalam melakukan analisis data adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan.Keabsahan data yang dilakukan untuk menjelaskan data dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Proses pelaksanaan program parenting dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu program terencana yang terdiri dari pojok gizi dan kelas parenting, sementara program insidental yaitu  konsultasi orangtua dan kunjungan rumah.  2) Faktor pendukung Faktor internal antara lain komitmen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dalam menjalakan program didukung dengan tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai serta turut aktifnya orangtua. 3) Faktor penghambat untuk kelas parenting yaitu waktu pelaksanaan yang belum pasti, sehingga sering terjadi kemunduran dari target semula dan kekurangan SDM.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN PKBM BERBASIS BUDAYA GUNA MENDUKUNG PELESTARIAN BUDAYA DI PKBM WIRATAMA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Felani Noni
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Implementasi pembelajaran  PKBM berbasis budaya dengan cara mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan kegiatan, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat PKBM berbasis budaya guna mendukung pelestarian budaya di PKBM Wiratama Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan  dengan teknik pengamatan atau observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan subyek ketua PKBM, pengelola, tutor dan warga belajar. Pembuktian keabsahan data menggunakan teknik trianggulasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dengan langkah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Implementasi pembelajaran  pendidikan berbasis budaya di PKBM Wirtama yang terdiri dari;  (a) Persiapan  dalam pembelajaran pendidikan berbasis budaya, merencanakan proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran membatik (b) Pelaksanaan pendidikan berbasis budaya dalam hal ini adalah membatik dimulai dengan cara tutor menyampaikan materi tentang membatik baik secara materi maupun praktik. Tutor menjelaskan tentang materi dan media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran, serta mendampingi warga belajar dalam proses pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung. (c) Evaluasi dilaksanakan diakhir pembelajaran pendidikan berbasis budaya dilakukan dengan cara berdiskusi mengenai permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi serta mencari solusi permasalahan. (2) faktor pendukung pelaksanaan pendidikan berbasis budaya di PKBM Wiratama adalah sebagai berikut: kompetensi tutor yang memadai dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran membatik, strategi pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi warga belajar, sarana dan prasana pembelajaran yang sudah tersedia. Faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pendidikan berbasis budaya di PKBM Wiratama adalah kurangnya dana untuk membeli alat dan bahan keperluan untuk pembelajaran dan cuaca buruk atau hujan.