bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recomendações aos cuidadores e familiares de idosos mediante o COVID-19
Authors: Monteiro Joana  Kátia de Mendonça Flexa , Sá Selma Petra Chaves , Bezerra Danielle Rachel Coelho , Borges William Dias
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Propor recomendações para os cuidadores e familiares durante o cuidado com os idosos em meio a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão narrativa com análise reflexiva da literatura vigente A procura das informações ocorreram no mês de setembro e outubro de 2020, na biblioteca virtual de saúde, Biblioteca eletrônica Scielo, no portal do Ministério da Saúde, da OPAS, e também da SBGG. Resultados: Para que o cuidado seja possível, é necessário que os cuidadores estejam em condições físicas, psíquicas e emocionais adequadas. Para tanto, devido à pandemia da Covid-19, velhos e novos hábitos precisam ser estabelecidos por todos no convívio com os idosos. Conclusão: A COVID-19 tornou-se um grande desafio de saúde, principalmente para a população idosa, é atualmente, uma das mais vulneráveis, precisando que os cuidados sejam redobrados para que seja possível resguarda a saúde dessa população, assim, entram em foco o papel dos cuidadores, sejam eles formais ou informais.
Dinâmica participativa com cipeiros prisionais: prática de saúde no combate à desinformação e estigmatização da tuberculose
Authors: Boni Fernando Nunes Gavióli , Aguia Amanda Aparecida Silva de , Teixeira Regina Rafael , Santos Tamires de Oliveira , Adélia Fernandes Daniela , Franco Paulo Henrique Marques , Ueno Priscilla Yukari , Murgo Camelia Santina , Peresi-Lordelo Eliana
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Narrar a experiência de uma metodologia ativa aplicada para verificar e difundir o conhecimento sobre a tuberculose entre os cipeiros prisionais do Oeste Paulista. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre atividade aplicada de forma dinâmica e lúdica, na qual eixos temáticos sobre a tuberculose (contágio, defesa, profilaxia, sintomatologia, tratamento e aspecto social) eram sorteados dando início a um debate coletivo. Vinte e seis profissionais da CIPA (Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes) participaram da atividade e, ao final, preencheram um pequeno questionário para narrarem discursivamente sua experiência com a atividade, acerca da pertinência e aplicabilidade da temática discutida. Resultados: A atividade promoveu debates bem produtivos, demonstrando que muitos ainda possuem dúvidas sobre a tuberculose. Apesar de satisfeitos com a metodologia, os participantes sentiram falta de material impresso, ou, do fechamento com uma palestra. Além disso, ficou clara a necessidade de envolver as unidades prisionais e os privados de liberdade nas práticas de saúde. Conclusão: Verificou-se que o conhecimento sobre tuberculose ainda é defasado entre os cipeiros prisionais e que atividades deste gênero têm potencial para ser um bom instrumento disseminador de conhecimento.
CO2 Capture From Air in a Radial Flow Contactor: Batch or Continuous Operation?
Authors: Schellevis Michel , Jacobs Tim , Brilman Wim
Published: November 2020

The capture of CO2 from the atmosphere via Direct Air Capture using solid supported-amine sorbents is an important option to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2. It addresses CO2 emissions from dispersed sources and delivers a location independent, sustainable carbon source. This study evaluates the possibility for a continuous adsorption process for direct air capture in a radial flow contactor, using both batch and continuous mode of operation. Gas and solid flow were varied to determine hydrodynamic feasible operating conditions. The operation modes are compared by their capture efficiencies in the optimal adsorption time range of 0.5 tstoB and 1.5 tstoB. A 15–25% lower capture efficiency is found for a continuous process compared to a batch process in the relevant range for direct air capture. This decline in gas-solid contact efficiency is more pronounced at longer adsorption time and higher superficial gas velocity. Overall, a batch process is preferred over a continuous process in the majority of operating conditions.
Highly Selective Optical Sensor Eu (TTA)3 Phen Embedded in Poly Methylmethacrylate for Assessment of Total Prostate Specific Antigen Tumor Marker in Male Serum Suffering Prostate Diseases
Authors: Garoub Mohannad , Hefny A. H. , Omer W. E. , Elsaady Mostafa M. , Abo-Aly Mohamed M. , Sayqal Ali A. , Alharbi Ahmed , Hameed Ahmed , Alessa Hussain , Youssef A. O. , Mohamed Ekram H. , Gouda Ayman A. , Sheikh R. El , Abou-Omar M. N. , El-Kemary Maged A. , Attia M. S.
Published: November 2020

A low-cost, simple, and highly selective method was used for the assessment of total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) in the serum of prostate cancer patients. This method is based on quenching the intensity of luminescence displayed by the optical sensor Eu (TTA)3 phen/poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin membrane or film upon adding different concentrations of tPSA. The luminescent optical sensor was synthesized and characterized through absorption, emission, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and is tailored to present red luminescence at 614 nm upon excitation at 395 nm in water. The fabricated sensor fluorescence intensity is quenched in the presence of tPSA in aqueous media. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is the main mechanism by which the sensor performs. The sensor was successfully utilized to estimate tPSA in the serum of patients suffering prostate cancer in a time and cost effective way. The statistical results of the method were satisfactory with 0.0469 ng mL−1 as a detection limit and 0.99 as a correlation coefficient.
Deployment of Negative Emissions Technologies at the National Level: A Need for Holistic Feasibility Assessments
Authors: Thoni Terese , Beck Silke , Borchers Malgorzata , Förster Johannes , Görl Knut , Hahn Alena , Mengis Nadine , Stevenson Angela , Thrän Daniela
Published: November 2020

The 2015 Paris Agreement aims to strengthen the global response to climate change, and to maintain an average global temperature well below 2°C, with aspirations toward 1.5°C, by means of balancing sources and sinks of greenhouse gas emissions. Following this, the importance of carbon dioxide removal in global emission pathways has been further emphasized, and Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) that capture carbon from the atmosphere and remove it from the system have been put in the spotlight. NETs range from innovative, engineered technologies, to well-known approaches like afforestation/reforestation. These technologies essentially compensate for a shrinking carbon budget coupled with hard-to-abate future emissions, and a historical lack of action. However, none has been deployed at scales close to what is envisioned in emission pathways in line with the Paris Agreement goals. To understand the potential contribution of NETs to meet global emission goals, we need to better understand opportunities and constraints for deploying NETs on a national level. We examine 17 Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS), and discuss them in the context of available NETs feasibility assessments. Our mapping shows that most countries include NETs in their long-term strategies, and that enhancement of natural sinks is the most dominating type of NET in these strategies. In line with many feasibility assessments, LT-LEDS focus on technical and biophysical considerations, and neglect socio-cultural dimensions. We suggest that feasibility assessments at the national level need to be more holistic; context-specific and comprehensive in terms of aspects assessed.
Ready for Prime Time? Using Normalization Process Theory to Evaluate Implementation Success of Personal Health Records Designed for Decision Making
Authors: Davis Selena
Published: November 2020

Personal health records designed for shared decision making (SDM) have the potential to engage patients and provide opportunities for positive health outcomes. Given the limited number of published interventions that become normal practice, this preimplementation evaluation of an integrated SDM personal health record system (e-PHR) was underpinned by Normalization Process Theory (NPT). The theory provides a framework to analyze cognitive and behavioral mechanisms known to influence implementation success. A mixed-methods investigation was utilized to explain the work required to implement e-PHR and its potential to integrate into practice. Patients, care providers, and electronic health record (EHR) and clinical leaders (n = 27) offered a rich explanation of the implementation work. Reliability tests of the NPT-based instrument negated the use of scores for two of the four mechanisms. Participants indicated that e-PHR made sense as explained by two qualitative themes: game-changing technology and sensibility of change. Participants appraised e-PHR as explained by two themes: reflecting on value and monitoring and adapting. The combined qualitative and quantitative results for the other two NPT mechanisms corroborated. Participants strongly agreed (score = 4.6/5) with processes requiring an investment in commitment, explained by two themes: sharing ownership of the work and enabling involvement. Weak agreement (score = 3.6/5) was observed with processes requiring an investment in effort, explained by one theme: uncovering the challenge of building collective action, and three subthemes: assessing fit, adapting to change together, and investing in the change. Finally, participants strongly agreed (score = 4.5/5) that e-PHR would positively affect engagement in self-management decision-making in two themes: care is efficient, and care is patient-centered. Overall, successful integration of e-PHR will only be attained when systemic effort is invested to enact it. Additional investigation is needed to explore the collective action gaps to inform priorities and approaches for future implementation success. This research has implications for patients, care providers, EHR vendors, and the healthcare system for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of patient-centric services. Findings confirm the usefulness of NPT for planning and understanding implementation success of PHRs.
Wooden Stepping Stones: Diversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Wood Boring Xylophagaidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, With the Description of a New Genus
Authors: Romano Chiara , Nunes-Jorge Amandine , Le Bris Nadine , Rouse Greg W. , Martin Daniel , Borowski Christian
Published: November 2020

Wood boring bivalves of the family Xylophagaidae inhabit sunken wood on the deep-sea floor where they play a key role in the degradation of this organic matter in the ocean. The patchiness of wood-fall habitats is impeding targeted sampling and little is therefore known on xylophagaid biology. We investigated for the first time the diversity and biogeography of Xylophagaidae in the NE-Atlantic and the Mediterranean over a broad geographic range and in various water depths using experimental wood deployments. We combined morphological and molecular analyses for species discrimination. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on 18S and 28S rRNA and COI genes revealed non-monophyly of the type genus, XylophagaTurton (1822), and led us to revise the taxonomy and erect the genus Xylonora gen. nov. COI haplotypes of the most abundant species revealed broad Atlanto-Mediterranean genetic connectivity for Xylophaga dorsalis and Xylonora atlantica new comb., while genetic connectivity appears limited for Abditoconus brava across the entrance of the Mediterranean. We provide the first COI barcode data for Xylophagaidae as a solid base for future taxonomic work. Wood deployments in a broad geographic range provided a powerful tool for research on Xylophagaidae allowing for conclusions on ecological requirements of xylophagaid species.
Known Evolutionary Paths Are Accessible to Engineered ß-Lactamases Having Altered Protein Motions at the Timescale of Catalytic Turnover
Authors: Alejaldre Lorea , Lemay-St-Denis Claudèle , Perez Lopez Carles , Sancho Jodar Ferran , Guallar Victor , Pelletier Joelle N.
Published: November 2020

The evolution of new protein functions is dependent upon inherent biophysical features of proteins. Whereas, it has been shown that changes in protein dynamics can occur in the course of directed molecular evolution trajectories and contribute to new function, it is not known whether varying protein dynamics modify the course of evolution. We investigate this question using three related ß-lactamases displaying dynamics that differ broadly at the slow timescale that corresponds to catalytic turnover yet have similar fast dynamics, thermal stability, catalytic, and substrate recognition profiles. Introduction of substitutions E104K and G238S, that are known to have a synergistic effect on function in the parent ß-lactamase, showed similar increases in catalytic efficiency toward cefotaxime in the related ß-lactamases. Molecular simulations using Protein Energy Landscape Exploration reveal that this results from stabilizing the catalytically-productive conformations, demonstrating the dominance of the synergistic effect of the E014K and G238S substitutionsin vitroin contexts that vary in terms of sequence and dynamics. Furthermore, three rounds of directed molecular evolution demonstrated that known cefotaximase-enhancing mutations were accessible regardless of the differences in dynamics. Interestingly, specific sequence differences between the related ß-lactamases were shown to have a higher effect in evolutionary outcomes than did differences in dynamics. Overall, these ß-lactamase models show tolerance to protein dynamics at the timescale of catalytic turnover in the evolution of a new function.
Platelet-Adherent Leukocytes Associated With Cutaneous Cross-Reactive Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Jurado-Escobar Raquel , Doña Inmaculada , Bogas-Herrera Gador , Pérez-Sánchez Natalia , Salas María , Laguna José J. , Muñoz-Cano Rosa , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres María J. , Cornejo-García José A.
Published: November 2020

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most highly consumed drugs worldwide and the main triggers of drug hypersensitivity reactions. The most frequent reaction, named cross-reactive NSAID-hypersensitivity, is due to the pharmacological activity of these drugs by blocking the cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme. Such inhibition leads to cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis, mainly LTE4, which are responsible for the reaction. Although the complete molecular picture of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive, the participation of platelet-adherent leukocytes (CD61+) and integrins have been described for NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). However, there is a lack of information concerning NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA), by far the most frequent clinical phenotype. Here we have evaluated the potential role of CD61+leukocytes and integrins (CD18, CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c) in patients with NIUA, and included the other two phenotypes with cutaneous involvement, NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD) and blended reactions (simultaneous skin and airways involvement). A group NSAID-tolerant individuals was also included. During the acute phase of the reaction, the three clinical phenotypes showed increased frequencies of CD61+neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes compared to controls, which correlated with urinary LTE4 levels. However, no correlation was found between these variables at basal state. Furthermore, increased expressions of CD18 and CD11a were found in the three CD61+leukocytes subsets in NIUA, NECD and blended reactions during the acute phase when compared with CD61−leukocyte subpopulations. During the acute phase, CD61+neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes showed increased CD18 and CD11a expression when compared with CD61+leukocytes at basal state. No differences were found when comparing controls and CD61+leukocytes at basal state. Our results support the participation of platelet-adherent leukocytes and integrins in cutaneous cross-hypersensitivity to NSAIDs and provide a link between these cells and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our findings also suggest that these reactions do not involve a systemic imbalance in the frequency of CD61+cells/integrin expression or levels of LTE4, which represents a substantial difference to NERD. Although further studies are needed, our results shed light on the molecular basis of cutaneous cross-reactive NSAID-hypersensitivity, providing potential targets for therapy through the inhibition of platelet-leukocyte interactions.
A Framework of Single-Session Problem-Solving in Elite Sport: A Longitudinal, Multi-Study Investigation
Authors: Pitt Tim , Thomas Owen , Lindsay Pete , Hanton Sheldon , Bawden Mark
Published: November 2020

In this 6-year, multi-study paper we summarize a new and effective framework of single-session problem-solving developed in an elite sport context at a world leading national institute of sport science and medicine (English Institute of Sport: EIS). In Study 1, we used ethnography (3.5 years) to observe how single-session problem-solving methods were being considered, explored, introduced and developed within the EIS. In Study 2, we used case-study methods split into two parts. A multiple case-study design (10 cases) was employed in Part one to evaluate how the approach was refined into an effective framework of practice. An individual case-study is then illustrated to detail the framework in-action. Collectively, findings realized a framework of single-session problem-solving for use both inside and outside of elite sport that focused on ways to reframe clients’ problems into more ‘solvable’ descriptions. Guidance for psychologists wishing to integrate these problem-solving techniques into their practice are offered.
Assessments of Acoustic Environments by Emotions – The Application of Emotion Theory in Soundscape
Authors: Fiebig André , Jordan Pamela , Moshona Cleopatra Christina
Published: November 2020

Human beings respond to their immediate environments in a variety of ways, with emotion playing a cardinal role. In evolutionary theories, emotions are thought to prepare an organism for action. The interplay of acoustic environments, emotions, and evolutionary needs are currently subject to discussion in soundscape research. Universal definitions of emotion and its nature are currently missing, but there seems to be a fundamental consensus that emotions are internal, evanescent, mostly conscious, relational, manifest in different forms, and serve a purpose. Research in this area is expanding, particularly in regards to the context-related, affective, and emotional processing of environmental stimuli. A number of studies present ways to determine the nature of emotions elicited by a soundscape and to measure these reliably. Yet the crucial question—which basic and complex emotions are triggered and how they relate to affective appraisal—has still not been conclusively answered. To help frame research on this topic, an overview of the theoretical background is presented that applies emotion theory to soundscape. Two latent fundamental dimensions are often found at the center of theoretical concepts of emotion: valence and arousal. These established universal dimensions can also be applied in the context of emotions that are elicited by soundscapes. Another, and perhaps more familiar, parallel is found between emotion and music. However, acoustic environments are more subtle than musical arrangements, rarely applying the compositional and artistic considerations frequently used in music. That said, the measurement of emotion in the context of soundscape studies is only of additional value if some fundamental inquiries are sufficiently answered: To what extent does the reporting act itself alter emotional responses? Are all important affective qualities consciously accessible and directly measurable by self-reports? How can emotion related to the environment be separated from affective predisposition? By means of a conceptual analysis of relevant soundscape publications, the consensus and conflicts on these fundamental questions in the light of soundscape theory are highlighted and needed research actions are framed. The overview closes with a proposed modification to an existing, standardized framework to include the meaning of emotion in the design of soundscapes.
HRM 4.0 and New Managerial Competences Profile: The COMAU Case
Authors: Fregnan Ezio , Ivaldi Silvia , Scaratti Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

The digital revolution has generated huge changes in the world of work, with relevant implications for the Human Resources Management (HRM) function. New challenges arise in facing digital work, digital employees, and digital management, such that the connection between new technologies and HRM is now described as electronic HRM (e-HRM). Challenges and connection entail the possibility to review the notion of HRM itself, examining new research perspectives and lines of interpretation following a Critical Management Studies approach, thus developing a more contextualized view in conceiving HRM, a more expansive consideration of stakeholders, and a longer-term perspective in approaching the results of digital transformation and HRM outcomes. The article analyzes a specific organizational case, involving a multinational enterprise, and explores how the case study enhances the understanding of HRM as a social practice embedded in specific situated contexts. Such a conception enables the engagement of multiple rationalities, related to both internal and external stakeholders, overcoming a “mere antiperformance stance” and achieving forms of reconstructive reflexivity concerning the interconnection between the digital age, HRM, and the innovative generation of social value through an authentic corporate responsibility.
Excessive Exercise—A Meta-Review
Authors: Colledge Flora , Cody Robyn , Buchner Ursula G. , Schmidt André , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus , Wiesbeck Gerhard , Lang Undine E. , Walter Marc
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims: While a number of studies have reported on individuals who exercise excessively, and feel unable to stop despite negative consequences, there is still insufficient evidence to categorize exercise as an addictive disorder. The aim of this meta-review is to summarize the published articles and to compile a list of symptoms reported in the qualitative literature in conjunction with excessive exercise. This list is compared with the DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder, and initial diagnostic criteria for exercise addiction are suggested.

Methods: The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycInfo were searched for qualitative studies or case reports, in which excessive exercise was the main focus. All symptoms reported in conjunction with excessive exercise were extracted from each study and documented. Symptoms were also compared to the diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder.

Results: Seventeen studies were included in the review, yielding 56 distinct symptoms. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool showed that the majority of the studies were of acceptable quality. Exercise-related symptoms corresponded with seven of the nine DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder. The ten suggested criteria for exercise addiction are: increasing volume, negative affect, inability to reduce, preoccupation, exercise as coping, continuation despite illness/injury, minimization, jeopardized relationships, continuation despite recognizing consequences, guilt when exercise is missed.

Discussion: Our results suggest that excessive exercise may constitute a behavioral addiction, based on the criteria of the DSM-5.

Conclusions: Subsequent studies should aim to systematically classify symptoms of excessive exercise; in addition, it should be noted that basic questionnaires may be need to be supplemented with detailed clinical examinations.
Co-designing eHealth and Equity Solutions: Application of the Ophelia (Optimizing Health Literacy and Access) Process
Authors: Cheng Christina , Elsworth Gerald R. , Osborne Richard H.
Published: November 2020

Background: The unequal access, challenges and outcomes related to using technology have created the digital divide, which leads to health inequalities. The aim of this study was to apply the Ophelia (Optimizing Health Literacy and Access) process, a widely used systematic approach to whole of community co-design, to the digital context to generate solutions to improve health and equity outcomes.

Methods: This was a mixed method study. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at 3 health organizations in Victoria, Australia using the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) as a needs assessment tool. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify subgroups with varying eHealth literacy needs. These data, combined with semi-structured interviews with clients, were used to generate vignettes representing different eHealth literacy profiles. The vignettes were presented at co-design workshops with clients and health professionals to generate solutions for digital health services improvement. Expert validation and proof-of-concept testing was explored through mapping the process against Ophelia guiding principles.

Results: The cluster analyses identified 8 to 9 clusters with different profiles of eHealth literacy needs, with 4 to 6 vignettes developed to represent the eHealth literacy strengths and weaknesses of clients at each of the 3 sites. A total of 32, 43, and 32 solutions across 10 strategies were co-created based on ideas grounded in local expertise and experiences. Apart from digital solutions, non-digital solutions were frequently recommended as a strategy to address eHealth literacy needs. Expert validation identified at least half of the ideas were very important and feasible, while most of the guiding principles of the Ophelia process were successfully applied.

Conclusion: By harnessing collective creativity through co-design, the Ophelia process has been shown to assist the development of solutions with the potential to improve health and equity outcomes in the digital context. Implementation of the solutions is needed to provide further evidence of the impact of the process. The suggested inclusion of non-digital solutions revealed through the co-design process reminds health organizations and policymakers that solutions should be flexible enough to suit individual needs. As such, taking a co-design approach to digital health initiatives will assist in preventing the widening of health inequalities.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates From Dogs With Ulcerative Keratitis in Midwestern United States
Authors: Hewitt Joshua S. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Kenne Danielle E. , Sebbag Lionel
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to describe bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility results in 476 dogs presenting with suspected bacterial keratitis in Iowa and surrounding Midwestern states, further detailing trends in patient characteristics, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance. Corneal swabs yielded 465 bacterial isolates and 220 cultures (46.2%) with no apparent growth (0–5 isolates per culture). The most frequent bacterial genera were Staphylococcus (32.3%), Streptococcus (19.1%), and Pseudomonas (12.5%), while the most common bacterial species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (26.7%), Streptococcus canis (12%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). Compared to mixed-breed dogs, canine breeds most likely to be examined for ulcerative keratitis included Boston terrier, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, miniature pinscher, pug, rat terrier, Saint Bernard, shih tzu, and silky terriers. In summer, the likelihood to yield a negative culture was reduced while the likelihood to culture Pseudomonas species was increased. Bacteria considered multidrug resistant (MDR, resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes) represented 20% of all canine isolates and were most prevalent for Staphylococcus species (33%). An alarming, escalating trend of MDR prevalence was noted between 2016 (5%) and 2020 (34%). Individual ophthalmic preparations (i.e., single antibiotics or commercially available antibiotic combinations) with highest efficacy against all bacterial isolates included chloramphenicol (83%), ceftiofur (79%), amikacin (77%), neomycin-polymyxin B-bacitracin (77%), and gentamicin (74%). Efficacy of systemic antibiotics and combinations of ophthalmic preparations was also evaluated. Based on the present findings, triple antibiotic (Neo-Poly-Bac) is recommended as empirical monotherapy for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs with simple corneal ulcers, while a chloramphenicol-ciprofloxacin combination is empirically recommended for therapeutic management of infected corneal ulcers. Pending culture and susceptibility results, appropriate selection of empiric antibiotic therapy is important to enhance therapeutic outcome and reduce antibacterial resistance in dogs with corneal ulceration.
Floral Biology and Pollination Efficiency in Yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Mondo Jean M. , Agre Paterne A. , Edemodu Alex , Adebola Patrick , Asiedu Robert , Akoroda Malachy O. , Asfaw Asrat
Published: November 2020

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous herbaceous vine cultivated for its starchy underground or aerial tubers in the tropics and subtropics. It is an allogamous and polyploid species that reproduces by both sexual and asexual mechanisms. However, many of the landrace cultivars, including most of the popular varieties, reproduce exclusively by vegetative propagation (planting the tubers). These varieties are either sterile or produce sparse and irregular flowering with high flower abortion rate, low fruit and seed set. Production of crossbreed seeds for genetic improvement and for maintaining genetic diversity in yams is, therefore, mainly achieved through natural or managed pollination. Flowering in yam is mostly dioecious and, in some instances, monoecious. Flowering asynchrony, sticky nature of the pollen grains, and cross incompatibility are among the challenges in making genetic progress in yam breeding. There are many limitations in basic and applied knowledge of yam flower biology and pollination. This paper, therefore, reviews the flowering biology, pollination, and methods of improving pollination efficiency in yam breeding programs.
Estimation of Tunisian Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Livestock Species
Authors: Ammar Hajer , Abidi Sourour , Ayed Mediha , Moujahed Nizar , deHaro Martí Mario E. , Chahine Mireille , Bouraoui Rachid , López Secundino , Cheikh M’hamed Hatem , Hechlef Haikel
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from seven Tunisian livestock species and their evolution over eleven consecutive years (2008–2018). The species of animals used were cattle (dairy and others), sheep, goats, camelids, horses, donkeys and mules, and poultry. The estimations of CH4 and N2O emissions were based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories, using Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches, with its default emission factors (EFs). The Tier 2 approach was applied only for the calculation of EF to estimate CH4 emissions related to livestock manure management. CH4 emission represented more than 92% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) from livestock emissions. Moreover, 53% of the total CH4 emissions from livestock were derived from cattle, followed by sheep, goats, other mammals (camelids, horses, mules, and donkeys), and poultry. During the period covered by the study (2008–2018), a slight and continuous decrease of both livestock population and total GHG emissions was observed, mainly in terms of CH4. In mammals, CH4 emissions were greater than N2O emissions, whereas in poultry, N2O emissions were up to 2.6 times greater than CH4 emissions. The aggressive drive of the government to increase cattle and sheep production might affect CH4 emissions in the future. Therefore, periodic estimations of GHG emissions from livestock are required to follow the time trends for more rational decision-making regarding livestock and GHG emissions policies.
Mechanical Devices for Mass Distribution Adjustment: Are They Really Convenient?
Authors: Varani Massimiliano , Mattetti Michele , Maraldi Mirko , Molari Giovanni
Published: November 2020

Since the introduction of four-wheel drive (4WD) and especially front wheel assist (FWA), many studies have been conducted on the optimal weight distribution between tractor front and rear axles because this influences traction efficiency. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traction and efficiency advantages in the adoption of mechanical ballast position adjustment devices. The tested device is an extendable ballast holder mounted on the front three-point hitch of the tractor, able to displace the ballast up to 1 m away from its original position. An estimation of the fuel consumption during ploughing with the extendable ballast holder in different configurations was performed. Tractive performance was evaluated through drawbar tests, performed on loam soil with a 4WD tractor having a maximum engine power of 191 kW and a ballasted mass of 9590 kg. Results show that changing the tractor weight distribution over the range allowed by the extendable ballast holder produces limited effects in terms of tractive performance and fuel saving. The adoption of such devices is thus ineffective if other fundamental factors such as tyre pressure, choice of the front-to-rear wheel combination and lead of the front wheels are not considered during tractor setup.
Insight into the Microbiological Control Strategies against Botrytis cinerea Using Systemic Plant Resistance Activation
Authors: Poveda Jorge , Barquero Marcia , González-Andrés Fernando
Published: November 2020

Botrytis cinerea is a polyphagous necrotrophic fungus and is the causal agent of grey mold diseases in more than 1400 different hosts. This fungus causes serious economic losses in both preharvest and post-harvest—mainly in grape, strawberry, and tomato crops—and is the second most important pathogen worldwide, to our knowledge. Beneficial bacteria and fungi are efficient biocontrol agents against B. cinerea through direct mechanisms, such as parasitism, antibiosis, and competition, but also indirectly through the activation of systemic plant resistance. The interaction between plants and these microorganisms can lead to the development of defensive responses in distant plant organs, which are highly effective against foliar, flower, and fruit pathogens, such as B. cinerea. This review aimed to explore the systemic plant defense responses against B. cinerea by compiling all cases reported (to the best of our knowledge) on the use of beneficial bacteria and fungi for agriculture, a subject not yet specifically addressed.
African Plant-Based Natural Products with Antivirulence Activities to the Rescue of Antibiotics
Authors: Mahavy Christian Emmanuel , Duez Pierre , ElJaziri Mondher , Rasamiravaka Tsiry
Published: November 2020

The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the thread of widespread superbug infections have led researchers to constantly look for novel effective antimicrobial agents. Within the past two decades, there has been an increase in studies attempting to discover molecules with innovative properties against pathogenic bacteria, notably by disrupting mechanisms of bacterial virulence and/or biofilm formation which are both regulated by the cell-to-cell communication mechanism called ‘quorum sensing’ (QS). Certainly, targeting the virulence of bacteria and their capacity to form biofilms, without affecting their viability, may contribute to reduce their pathogenicity, allowing sufficient time for an immune response to infection and a reduction in the use of antibiotics. African plants, through their huge biodiversity, present a considerable reservoir of secondary metabolites with a very broad spectrum of biological activities, a potential source of natural products targeting such non-microbicidal mechanisms. The present paper aims to provide an overview on two main aspects: (i) succinct presentation of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation as well as their entanglement through QS mechanisms and (ii) detailed reports on African plant extracts and isolated compounds with antivirulence properties against particular pathogenic bacteria.
The Effect of Physical Training on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Ex Vivo Proliferation, Differentiation, Activity, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Racehorses
Authors: Witkowska-Piłaszewicz Olga , Pingwara Rafał , Winnicka Anna
Published: November 2020

Physical activity has an influence on a variety of processes in an athlete’s organism including the immune system. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies regarding racehorse immune cells, especially when the horse model is compared to human exercise physiology. The aim of the study was to determine changes in immune cell proliferation, lymphocyte populations, and monocyte functionality in trained and untrained racehorses after exercise. In this study, field data were collected. The cells from 28 racehorses (14 untrained and 14 well-trained) were collected before and after exercise (800 m at a speed of about 800 m/min) and cultured for 4 days. The expression of CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. The creation of an anti-inflammatory environment in well-trained horses was confirmed. In contrast, a pro-inflammatory reaction occurred in untrained horses after training. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory state occurs in well-trained racehorses, which is an adaptational reaction to an increased workload during training.
Possible A2E Mutagenic Effects on RPE Mitochondrial DNA from Innovative RNA-Seq Bioinformatics Pipeline
Authors: Donato Luigi , Scimone Concetta , Alibrandi Simona , Pitruzzella Alessandro , Scalia Federica , D’Angelo Rosalia , Sidoti Antonina
Published: November 2020

Mitochondria are subject to continuous oxidative stress stimuli that, over time, can impair their genome and lead to several pathologies, like retinal degenerations. Our main purpose was the identification of mtDNA variants that might be induced by intense oxidative stress determined by N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), together with molecular pathways involving the genes carrying them, possibly linked to retinal degeneration. We performed a variant analysis comparison between transcriptome profiles of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to A2E and untreated ones, hypothesizing that it might act as a mutagenic compound towards mtDNA. To optimize analysis, we proposed an integrated approach that foresaw the complementary use of the most recent algorithms applied to mtDNA data, characterized by a mixed output coming from several tools and databases. An increased number of variants emerged following treatment. Variants mainly occurred within mtDNA coding sequences, corresponding with either the polypeptide-encoding genes or the RNA. Time-dependent impairments foresaw the involvement of all oxidative phosphorylation complexes, suggesting a serious damage to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis, that can result in cell death. The obtained results could be incorporated into clinical diagnostic settings, as they are hypothesized to modulate the phenotypic expression of mtDNA pathogenic variants, drastically improving the field of precision molecular medicine.
Unsupervised 3D Motion Summarization Using Stacked Auto-Encoders
Authors: Protopapadakis Eftychios , Rallis Ioannis , Doulamis Anastasios , Doulamis Nikolaos , Voulodimos Athanasios
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a deep stacked auto-encoder (SAE) scheme followed by a hierarchical Sparse Modeling for Representative Selection (SMRS) algorithm is proposed to summarize dance video sequences, recorded using the VICON Motion capturing system. SAE’s main task is to reduce the redundant information embedding in the raw data and, thus, to improve summarization performance. This becomes apparent when two dancers are performing simultaneously and severe errors are encountered in the humans’ point joints, due to dancers’ occlusions in the 3D space. Four summarization algorithms are applied to extract the key frames; density based, Kennard Stone, conventional SMRS and its hierarchical scheme called H-SMRS. Experimental results have been carried out on real-life dance sequences of Greek traditional dances while the results have been compared against ground truth data selected by dance experts. The results indicate that H-SMRS being applied after the SAE information reduction module extracts key frames which are deviated in time less than 0.3 s to the ones selected by the experts and with a standard deviation of 0.18 s. Thus, the proposed scheme can effectively represent the content of the dance sequence.
Optimization of Inspection Period in Natural Stone Claddings
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Silva Ana , de Brito Jorge , Dias Ilídio S. , Flores-Colen Inês
Published: November 2020

In condition-based maintenance plans, the schedule of inspections is an important step. Condition-based actions are performed according to prescribed condition criteria (i.e., condition, cost, availability, among other factors), and the main purpose of inspections is to evaluate the façade’s condition and plan its correction in order to reduce the risk of failure of the cladding. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to implement multi-objective optimization to understand whether there is an optimal time interval for performing the inspections. For that purpose, a Petri-net condition maintenance model is used to assess the influence of different maintenance plans on the overall degradation of natural stone claddings. In this model, the maintenance activities can only be performed after an inspection has been carried out. The definition of the best maintenance policy results in a conflict of objectives. Owners/managers seek to achieve a maintenance strategy that minimizes service life costs and maintain the cladding in a safe and minimal degradation condition. Multi-objective optimization procedures are capable of considering several conflicting objectives. In this paper, the objective functions considered are minimization of the service life costs, maximization of the efficiency index, maximization of the service life, and minimization of the total number of replacements over the time horizon.
Heatwave Damage Prediction Using Random Forest Model in Korea
Authors: Park Minsoo , Jung Daekyo , Lee Seungsoo , Park Seunghee
Published: November 2020

Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, causing significant human and material losses every year. Big data, whose volumes are rapidly increasing, are expected to be used for preemptive responses. However, human cognitive abilities are limited, which can lead to ineffective decision making during disaster responses when artificial intelligence-based analysis models are not employed. Existing prediction models have limitations with regard to their validation, and most models focus only on heat-associated deaths. In this study, a random forest model was developed for the weekly prediction of heat-related damages on the basis of four years (2015–2018) of statistical, meteorological, and floating population data from South Korea. The model was evaluated through comparisons with other traditional regression models in terms of mean absolute error, root mean squared error, root mean squared logarithmic error, and coefficient of determination (R2). In a comparative analysis with observed values, the proposed model showed an R2 value of 0.804. The results show that the proposed model outperforms existing models. They also show that the floating population variable collected from mobile global positioning systems contributes more to predictions than the aggregate population variable.
Performance-Related Assessment of the Potential Use of Sawing Sludge in Cementitious Fluidized Thermal Backfills
Authors: Zichella Lorena , Choorackal Eldho , Airoldi Michela , Riviera Pier Paolo , Bellopede Rossana , Santagata Ezio
Published: November 2020

The management of sawing sludge originated from cutting operations of ornamental stones represents a challenging task as a consequence of its peculiar composition that includes non-negligible amounts of heavy metals resulting from the wear and tear of cutting tools. The aim of the research work presented in this paper was to investigate the feasibility of using these by-products as supplementary constituents of cementitious mixtures employed for the formation of Fluidized Thermal Backfills (FTB). These mixtures are designed and produced for filling operations in pavement subgrades in which high-voltage electrical transmission cables are buried for protection purposes. Two different types of sawing sludge were thoroughly analyzed from a physical and chemical point of view and thereafter employed for the laboratory production of four FTB mixtures. Then, these were subjected to thermal, mechanical, and environmental tests in order to verify their suitability for their intended use. All investigated FTB mixtures exhibited a satisfactory and stable thermal conductivity, and they also displayed enhanced stiffness properties in comparison to standard subgrade and sub-base materials. Controversial results were obtained with respect to environmental properties resulting from leaching tests, thus suggesting that further investigations are needed before any full-scale application can take place.
Optimization Design of the Spaceborne Connecting Structure for a Lightweight Space Camera
Authors: Shao Mengqi , Zhang Lei , Jia Xuezhi
Published: November 2020

For a lightweight space camera installed vertically with a satellite platform, due to the different conditions between ground and orbit, the relative deformation between the camera and the satellite platform results in a drift of the camera line of sight (LOS), which affects the imaging quality. This paper proposed an optimization method for the spaceborne connecting structure considering the camera LOS drift. By using a variable density topology optimization method, the configuration of the connecting structure was obtained. Based on the configuration, the sensitivity of its size parameters to the system’s performance was analyzed. Analysis data showed that the size parameters have an obvious influence on the camera LOS shift. In order to obtain the optimal combination of size parameters, a multi-objective parametric optimization model was established. Finally, engineering analysis of the optimized structure showed that the system performances meet the design requirements of the satellite, and the lightweight ratio of the connecting structure reaches 54%. This study provides a reference for the design of other similar structures for space cameras.