bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Virtual Supervised Tooth Brushing on Caries Experience and Quality of Life among Primary School Children: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Alayadi Haya , Alsiwat Areej , Alwadi Maram , AlAkeel Haifa , Alaskar Munirah , Sabbah Wael
Published: November 2022

Background
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Supervised toothbrushing programs are implemented throughout the world to provide young children's developing teeth with additional fluoride as a form of dental caries prevention. While school-based supervised toothbrushing programs have been proven to improve young children's oral health, virtual supervised teeth brushing programs have not been assessed. The purpose of this protocol is to assess the impact of virtual supervised toothbrushing on caries experience and quality of life among primary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Methods
This is a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing virtual supervised tooth brushing program against no intervention applied. A total of 1,092 (546 in each group) children in Riyadh primary schools, Saudi Arabia will be recruited to the trial. Schools (cluster) will be randomly selected and allocated to either group. Clinical assessment for caries experience will be conducted in four points (baseline, + 3 months, + 6 months, + 12 months) by dental hygienist using World Health Organization criteria. Data on socio-demographic behavioural factors and children’s quality of life will be collected with every clinical assessment through a structured questionnaire. The primary outcome is the change in caries experience (the number of teeth with untreated dental caries, filled and missing teeth) in both primary and permanent teeth over 12 months. The secondary outcomes are the change in the frequency of brushing per day and the impact of oral health on the child’s daily life (QoL).
Discussion
Teaching in schools is carried out virtually in Saudi Arabia and with an effective IT infrastructure in place. Virtual supervised tooth brushing is a proposed initiative. It is also an opportunity for targeting a large portion of the population with a high level of disease as a quarter of the Saudi population is younger than 15 years. This project should provide high level evidence on the effectiveness of virtual supervised toothbrushing. The findings should potentially inform policies related to the continuation/implementation of school-based programs in Saudi Arabia.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05217316. Registered on 19 January 2022.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Its Standard Deviation from Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Differentiate Tumor-adjacent and Tumor-distant liver tissues in T3 staged Resectable Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Zhao , Wu Yu-ping , Tan Bang-guo , Chen Xiao-qian , Guo Wen-wen , Zhou Chuanqinyuan , Xu Min , Wu Ke-shan , Zhang Xiao-ming , Chen Tian-wu , Zhou Hai-ying
Published: November 2022

Background
An extended cholecystectomy is generally recommended for patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) at stage T2 or above, and involves cholecystectomy and a limited hepatic resection. It is important to differentiate tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant liver tissues before surgery for surgical strategies decision making. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can provide functional information by depicting the diffusion of water in biological tissue and can be quantitated by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Our study aimed to evaluate feasibility of ADC and its standard deviation (ADCsd) to differentiate between tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant liver tissues in T3 staged resectable GBC.
Methods
A total of 41 consecutive patients with T3 staged resectable GBC were included in this retrospective study and divided into two sets with (n = 27) and without (n = 14) liver invasion. All patients underwent DWI at b-values of 0, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 sec/mm2 with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner before surgery. Mean ADC and ADCsd of tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant liver tissues were measured on DWI, and were compared by Mann-Whitney U tests. If there was a significant difference in any derived parameter, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess performance of this parameter for differentiating tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant liver tissues.
Results
In the set with liver invasion, mean ADC and ADCsd of tumor-adjacent liver tissue were lower than those of tumor-distant liver tissue when b = 0, 800 sec/mm2, and b = 0, 1000 sec/mm2, respectively (all P-values < 0.05). In the set without liver invasion, ADC and ADCsd at all b values had no statistical differences between tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant liver tissues (all P-values > 0.05). To differentiate tumor-adjacent from tumor-distant liver tissues in the set with liver invasion, AUCs of ADC were 0.687 (b = 0, 800 sec/mm2) and 0.680 (b = 0, 1000 sec/mm2), respectively; and those of ADCsd were 0.673 (b = 0, 800 sec/mm2) and 0.731 (b = 0, 1000 sec/mm2), respectively.
Conclusions
In patients with liver invasion by T3 staged GBC, ADC and ADCsd could have potential value in differentiating tumor-adjacent from tumor-distant liver tissues.
Plate on Plate Osteosynthesis in Both Bone Forearm With Concomitant Distal End Radius Fracture - a Rare Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Neetin Pralhad , Patil Tushar Chandrakant , GS Prasanna Kumar , Mhatre Jayesh Anant , Pande Kartik Prashant
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION :
Distal end radius fractures and both bone forearm fractures are quite common upper limb trauma emergency cases. Management gets complicated when both injuries occur concomitantly in same upper limb.
CASE REPORT :
Here we present a rare case of both bone forearm fracture with ipsilateral distal end radius fracture in a 32 years young male after a high velocity trauma. This case of was managed by 2.7mm volar plate and K wire for DER fracture and 3.5mm DCP in both bone forearm fractures with overlapping plates for 2 fractures of radius. 6 months postoperatively there is adequate fracture union and good functional outcome of wrist and forearm.
CONCLUSION :
The concomitant use of 2.7mm volar LCP for DER fracture and 3.5mm DCP in both bone forearm fractures with overlapping plates for long extended or segmental fractures of radius provides a stable construct with homogeneous stress distribution.
Study on the Regional Difference, Dynamic Evolution and Influencing Factors for China’s Carbon emissions
Authors: Tian Yajuan , Zhang Yuying
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of China’s
carbon emissions evolution from the “10th Five-Year”
Plan period to the “13th Five-Year” Plan period from the
perspectives of “east, center and west” and with multiple methods
and viewpoints, and to vividly display the relationship between
carbon emissions and economic growth with half-parameter method.
Kernel density estimation, quadrantal diagram and box plots were
utilized in this paper to analyze the carbon emissions evolution
process in three major regions in China and various provinces, and
Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition method were applied to
study the regional difference and source of carbon emissions. Then,
the half-parameter estimation – generalized additive model was
adopted to study the non-linear relationship between carbon
emissions and economic growth. The results showed that the carbon
emissions in entire China and the eastern, central and western
regions grew year after year, but the growth rate decreased. The
carbon emissions evolution processes in the eastern, central and
western regions featured variably; the difference in carbon
emissions expanded in general and inter-regional difference was the
main cause for the general difference, which declined significantly
during the observation. Since 2011, the intensity of
trans-variation has become the major source of the general
difference. The impact of economic growth on carbon emissions
differed in different regions and control variables led to
different carbon emissions effects in different regions. Fully
reviewing the evolution characteristics and laws of carbon
emissions in the three major regions in China, this paper provides
research support for refined and efficient low carbon emissions
policy-making and decision-making reference for realizing the “dual
carbon” objective: “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization” in
an all-round way.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of motivational interviewing in new hearing aid users (MI-HAT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Alice Q. , Wijesinghe Printha , Lee Melissa , Sun Jane , Lau Carol , Nunez Desmond A.
Published: November 2022

• Background: : Hearing loss is the third leading global cause of disability and is associated with poorer quality of life. Hearing aids are often recommended for hearing loss; however, hearing aid uptake and use rates are perpetually low. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered counselling aimed at addressing desire in the patient to change their behaviour. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of one-on-one MI sessions on hearing aid use among new adult users
• Methods: A multi-center, prospective, randomized patient-blind controlled trial with a pre- and post- tests design. New hearing aid users ≥ 18 years of age will be recruited from Vancouver, Canada. They will be randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. The treatment group will attend a one-on-one MI session hosted by a practicing MI therapist in addition to standard in-person audiological care. The control group will receive standard in-person audiological care. Data is collected at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-ups. The primary outcomes are data-logged hearing aid use hours and patient reported outcomes as measured by the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids questionnaire. Associations between intervention and hearing aid use hours, and self-reported outcome measures will be assessed.
• Discussion: This trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy of one-on-one MI in improving hearing aid use in new adult users in the short- and long- terms. Results will contribute to the evidence on whether MI counselling has an effect on hearing aid use and may guide future clinical practices..
• Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Review Board NCT04673565. Approved: December 17, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04673565?cond=motivational+interviewing&cntry=CA&draw=2&rank=8
In vivo bioluminescence imaging of natural bacteria via ATP-binding cassette sugar transporter
Authors: Zhang Qian , Song Bin , Yang Yunmin , Xu Yanan , Ji Jian , Cao Wenjun , Lu Jianping , Ding Jiali , Cao Haiting , Chu Binbin , Hong Jiaxu , Wang Houyu , He Yao
Published: November 2022

The existing bioluminescence imaging (BLI) methods only visualize the location of engineered bacteriain vivo, hardly imaging natural bacteria. Herein, we leverage bacteria-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sugar transporters to internalize luciferase and luciferin by hitchhiking them on the unique carbon source of bacteria, i.e., glucose polymers. Compared with bacteria with mutations in ABC sugar transporters, which hardly internalize the constructed BLI probes (i.e., ~ 2% of uptake rate), both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria could robustly engulf the constructed BLI probes with a high uptake rate of around 50%. Impressively, the developed strategy enablesex vivobioluminescence imaging of human vitreous containing ten kinds of pathogens collected from patients with bacterial endophthalmitis. By using this platform, we further differentiate bacterial and non-bacterial nephritis and colitis in mice, while their chemiluminescence counterparts (e.g., luminol) are unable to distinguish them. The proposed BLI strategy in non-transgenic bacteria without lysing bacteria expands the pool of bioluminescence applications in the microbial diagnostics within the host organism.
WITHDRAWN: The impact of maternal work-family conflict on problem behaviors among preschoolers during the COVID-19 epidemic: A moderated mediation model of maternal anxiety and trait mindfulness
Authors: Song Zhanmei , Huang Jie , Li Rongqi , Yan Jingfeng , Ye Jiayang , Wu Qiaozhen , Wang Hanyue , Sun Xiaonan
Published: November 2022

Background: Work-family conflict (WFC) can increase maternal anxiety and the risk of children’s problem behaviors, but maternal trait mindfulness level moderates this association during the COVID-19 epidemic. While most studies during the epidemic investigated the relationship between WFC and maternal anxiety in developed countries, no studies were found to examine this association in China. Besides, the mediating effects of maternal anxiety and moderating effects of trait mindfulness on the relationship between WFC and preschool children’s problem behaviors are still unclear. So, this study examined the association between mothers’ WFC and preschoolers’ problem behaviors and identified the roles of maternal anxiety as a mediator and trait mindfulness as a moderator during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1068 Chinese preschoolers and their mothers from coastal cities in southern China were investigated. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Carlson’s WFC scale, Ma’s Parenting Anxiety Scale, Goodman’s SDQ Scale, and Brown and Ryan’s Trait Mindfulness Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Process 3.3.
Results: WFC had a positive and direct association with problem behaviors in preschoolers (β=0.118, t-value=3.880, p<0.001). WFC also had a positive and direct association with maternal anxiety (β=0.480, t-value=18.034, p<0.001). And maternal anxiety had a positive and direct association with preschoolers’ problem behaviors (β=0.415, t-value=13.584, p<0.001). The mediating effect value of maternal anxiety between WFC and preschoolers’ problem behaviors was 0.199, and the moderating effect value of trait mindfulness between maternal anxiety and preschoolers’ problem behaviors was -0.078.
Conclusions: WFC can be positively associated with preschoolers’ problem behaviors, and maternal anxiety is an important mediator of this association. So, WFC can cause maternal anxiety and lead to more problematic behaviors in children. Therefore, relevant departments should pay attention to this problem and adopt practical strategies to help mothers cope with high levels of work-family conflict, so as to alleviate maternal anxiety and reduce the preschoolers’ problem behaviors. Besides, Maternal anxiety can be positively associated with preschoolers’ problem behaviors, and trait mindfulness is an important moderator of this association. Because trait mindfulness can alleviate the negative effects of maternal anxiety on children, mothers should attend more mindfulness training courses to try to improve their mindfulness level.
Repair of Osteochondral Defects: Efficacy of a tissue-engineered hybrid implant containing both human MSC and human iPSC-cartilaginous particles
Authors: Ando Wataru , Nakagawa Shinichi , Shimomura Kazunori , Hart David , Hanai Hiroto , Jacob George , Chijimatsu Ryota , Yarimitsu Seido , Fujie Hiromichi , Okada Seiji , Tsumaki Noriyuki , Nakamura Norimasa
Published: November 2022

Both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer the potential for repair of damaged connective tissues. The use of hybrid implants containing both human MSC and iPSC was investigated to assess their combined potential to yield enhanced repair of osteochondral defects. Human iPSC-CP wrapped with tissue engineered constructs (TEC) containing human MSC attained secure defect filling with good integration to adjacent tissue in a rat osteochondral injury model. The presence of living MSC in the hybrid implants was required for effective biphasic osteochondral repair. Thus, the TEC component of such hybrid implants serves several critical functions including, adhesion to the defect site via the matrix and facilitation of the repair via live MSC, as well as enhanced angiogenesis and neovascularization. Based on these encouraging studies, such hybrid implants may offer an effective future intervention for repair of complex osteochondral defects.
Construction of Risk Prediction Model for Hyponatremia in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Gong Huanhuan , Zhou Ying , Huang Yating , Liao Shengen , Wang Qin
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with Heart failure（HF）commonly have a water-electrolyte imbalance due to various reasons and mechanisms, and hyponatremia is one of the most common types. However, currently, there are very few local studies on hyponatremia risk assessment in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and there is a lack of specific screening tools. The aim of this study is to identify a prediction model of hyponatremia in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and verify the prediction effect of the model.
Methods: A total of 532 patients with ADHF were enrolled from March 2014 to December 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the independently associated risk factors of hyponatremia in patients with ADHF. The prediction model of hyponatremia in patients with ADHF was constructed by R software, and validation of the model was performed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves.
Results: A total of 65 patients (12.2%) had hyponatremia in patients with ADHF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NYHA cardiac function classification (NYHA III vs II, OR = 12.31, NYHA IV vs II, OR = 11.55), systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.978), serum urea nitrogen (OR= 1.046) and creatinine (OR = 1.006) were five independent prognostic factors for hyponatremia in patients with ADHF. The AUC was 0.757; The calibration curve was near the ideal curve, which showed that the model can accurately predict the occurrence of hyponatremia in patients with ADHF.
Conclusions: The prediction model constructed in our study has good discrimination and accuracy and can be used to predict the occurrence of hyponatremia in patients with ADHF.
PRPF19 facilitates colorectal cancer liver metastasis through activation of the Src -YAP1 pathway via K63-linked ubiquitination of MYL9
Authors: Zhou Rui , Chen Jie , Jia Jun , Xu Yunxiuxiu , Ye Yibiao , Zhong Guoping , Chen Tao , Lin Qiu
Published: November 2022

Distant metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases has been implicated acting vital roles in multiple cancers. In this study, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, PRPF19 was positively correlated with liver metastasis, and predicted a worse clinical outcome in CRC. However, the biological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PRPF19 in CRC remain elusive thus far. We illustrated that PRPF19 promoted the migration and invasion capability of CRC cells in both gain- and loss- of- function assays. Mechanistically, we uncovered that myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) was the downstream substrate of PRPF19. PRPF19 enhanced the stability of MYL9 via K63-linked ubiquitination, and promoted the migration and invasion capability of CRC cells in an MYL9-mediated manner. Furthermore, the Src–YAP1 cascade was identified as the downstream effector mechanism by which the PRPF19/MYL9 axis promoted metastasis in CRC. Taken together, our findings highlighted that the PRPF19/MYL9 axis served as a novel mechanism in CRC metastasis, which provided an attractive therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment.
Outcomes of newly referred patients with suspected angle closure: do we need to redefine the clinical pathways?
Authors: Founti Panayiota , Narayan Akshay , Raja Aneela , Nathwani Neil , Tur Sergio Bordajandi , Thomas Rachel , Scott Andrew , Martins Alessandra , Nolan Winifred
Published: November 2022

Background/Objectives: To investigate outcomes of referrals for suspected angle closure and to explore whether anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can be used to tighten triaging criteria in a glaucoma virtual clinic.
Subjects/Methods: Retrospectively collected data. The first audit (04/2018-03/2019) identified referrals for suspected angle closure without other glaucoma-related findings (primary angle closure suspect (PACS) referrals). All patients underwent gonioscopy. The second audit (04-08/2019) identified consecutive patients with suspected angle closure in a virtual clinic. Management outcomes were assessed, using gonioscopy as the reference standard. Outcomes were re-audited after changing the triaging criterion from angle width < 10o to iridotrabecular contact (ITC) in ≥1 quadrants on AS-OCT.
Results: Out of 1754 glaucoma referrals (first audit), 24.6% (431/1754) were PACS referrals. Of these, only 10.7% (42/393) had an occludable angle on gonioscopy, with 97.6% (41/42) being PACS. Of these, 78% (32/41) underwent laser peripheral iridotomy. Out of 137 referrals in the virtual clinic (second audit), 66.4% (91/137) were triaged to the face-to-face clinic. Of these, 31.9% (29/91) were discharged. AS-OCT had positive and negative predictive value of 74.3% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 57.8-86.0) and 82.1% (95% CI 70.0%-90.2%), respectively, in detecting ITC in ≥1 quadrants. In the re-audit 45.9% (45/98) of those with suspected angle closure were triaged for gonioscopy, with 24.4% (11/45) of them being discharged.
Conclusion: PACS referrals represent a substantial burden to hospital-based services and their accuracy is low. ITC in ≥1 quadrants on AS-OCT can be useful in triaging those who need further evaluation with gonioscopy.
Association of IL-10–592A/C Polymorphisms With ASCVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Chai Jie , Cao Xianling , Lu Feng
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-592C/A(rs1800872) polymorphism may play a role in the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS).However,the results remained controversial until now.Therefore, we will plan to reanalyze the relativity between IL-10-592C/A single nucleotide polymorphism and ASCVD in a larger clustered population.
Methods and analysis: We search a comprehensive literature by performing on PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databasesand and Cochrane Library for relevant articles using MeSH terms and related Entry terms (up to 14 Octobor 2022). After removing the duplicates, two reviewers will independently screen the articles for inclusion or exclusion of the study and check titles and abstracts before reading the full text.In addition,the references of the included literature will also be traced to obtain all relevant literature. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess methodological quality of studies, a star-rated rating system ranging from 0 to 9 stars.Funnel plot will be used to analyze publication bias. Finally, We will perform a sensitivity analysis on the results of our meta‐analysis to estimate whether our results would be significantly affected by a single included research.
Ethics and dissemination: The article uses secondary data and will not be restricted by ethical approval. The findings will be published by through publications after peers reviewed. All contributors acknowledged that any potential conflict of interest will be declared.
Strengths and limitations:
①This is the first meta-analysis to explore association between IL-10-592A/C polymorphism and ASCVD.
②Gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions cannot be ignored, and most eligible studies do not consider these potential effects.Thus, our results may be affected to varying degrees.
③There will be a methodological heterogeneity due to different genetic testing techniques and other techniques were used between different studies
FLRT2 plays a critical role in endothelial cell senescence and vascular aging
Authors: Lee Jae-Seon , Hwang Hyun Jung , Kang Donghee , Kim Jae-Ryong , Choi Jun-Hyuk , Ryu Ji-Kan , Herman Allison B. , Ko Young-Gyu , Park Heon Joo , Gorospe Myriam
Published: November 2022

The roles of fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2) in physiological and pathological processes are poorly known. Here, we identify a novel function of FLRT2 in preventing endothelial cell senescence and vascular aging. We found that FLRT2 expression was lower in cultured senescent endothelial cells as well as in aged rat and human vascular tissues. FLRT2 silencing in human endothelial cells induced senescence through mTORC2, but not mTORC1, AKT, and p53. We uncovered that FLRT2 directly associated with ITGB4 and thereby promoted ITGB4 phosphorylation, while inhibition of ITGB4 significantly mitigated the induction of senescence triggered by FLRT2 depletion. Importantly, FLRT2 silencing in mice promoted vascular aging and overexpression of FLRT2 rescued a premature vascular aging phenotype. We propose that FLRT2 could be targeted therapeutically to prevent senescence-associated vascular aging. Subject terms: FLRT2, ITGB4, mTORC2, endothelial cell senescence, vascular aging
Neuroprotective effects of morroniside against Parkinson's Disease via inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis
Authors: Li Mao , Zhang Junli , Jiang Lianyan , Wang Wujun , Feng Xianrong , Liu Meijun , Yang Dongdong
Published: November 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease accompanied by the death of dopaminergic neurons and brain nigrostriatal mitochondrial damage in the elderly population. The features of the disease include tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and motor retardation. The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease is complex, and abnormal lipid metabolism resulting in ferroptosis due to the excessive accumulation of free radicals from oxidative stress in the substantia nigra of the brain was thought to be one of the factors causing the disease. Morroniside has been reported to have significant neuroprotective effects, although it has not been studied in PD. Therefore, this study focused on determining the neuroprotective effects of morroniside (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg)-induced mice models of PD and explored 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium MPP+-induced ferroptosis in PC12 cells. Morroniside restored the impaired motor function in the PD mice models while reducing neuronal injury. The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/ARE) by morroniside promoted antioxidation, the content of reducing agent glutathione (GSH) increased, and the level of the lipid metabolite malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Notably, morroniside inhibited ferroptosis in substantia nigra of the brain and PC12 cells, reduced iron levels, and upregulated the expression of the iron-regulated proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH-1), and ferroportin (FPN). More importantly, morroniside repaired the mitochondrial damage, restored the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data indicated that morroniside could activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to increase the antioxidant capacity, thereby inhibiting abnormal lipid metabolism and protecting dopaminergic neurons from ferroptosis in PD.
Comparatively studies on life cycle, morphometry studies of azuki bean weevil on pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 161 and wild relative accession ICPW 68 in semi-arid tropics
Authors: Kota Sathish , Jaba Jagdish , Mishra Suraj Prashad
Published: November 2022

Legume grains are challenging to store than cereals and infested greatly by insects and microbes. Genus Callosobruchusare one of the most important insects causes both quantitative and qualitative reduction in stored pigeonpea grains. Therefore, the study mainly focused on biological activities of Callosobruchus chinensis on cultivar and wild relative accessions of pigeonpea in the room conditions at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Telanagana, India during 2018-19 and 2019-20. Test insect culture was obtained from insect rearing cell, ICRISAT. Freshly emerged five pairs of adults were allowed to lay eggs on pigeonpea (ICPL 161 and ICPW 68) grains for 24 hours. The grains containing eggs were collected and stored in vials to record the different stages and morphometrics observations of C. chinensis. The study revealed that ample growth and development of larvae, pupa, adults and highest egg laying capacity of azuki bean weevil were observed on ICPL 161 as compared to ICPW 68. This study will help in development of new Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies in combination with host plant resistance, transgenics and pheromones development for management of bruchids.
Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in hospitalized children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Shanghai, China:a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yang Yan , You Yannan , Liu Yazun , Geng Lina , Huang Lirong , Zhou Huan , Piao Xiang , Liu Xiao , Wu Mingyun , Wang Yajuan , Zhou Lili , Wang Peng , Shen Shiping , Hu Mingge , Han Zhaopeng , Xue Zheng
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the related risk factors and potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion by describing the dynamics of viral shedding in infected children admitted to two hospitals from Shanghai during Omicron variant outbreak.
Methods: This retrospective cohort included laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Shanghai between March 28 and May 31, 2022. Clinical characteristics, personal vaccination, household vaccination rates were collected through electronic health records and telephone interviews.
Results: The total of 603 pediatric cases confirmed with COVID-19 was included in this study. Both Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to filter independent factors for the duration to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on cases re-detected SARS-CoV-2after showing negative results on RT-PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analyzed. The median duration of virus shedding was 12(Interquartile Qange,IQR: 10-14) days. The severity of clinical outcome, personal vaccination-2doses, household vaccination rates, abnormal defecation were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting that patient who had abnormal defecation or with more severe condition would delay virological clearance, while patient accepted 2 doses vaccination or with higher household vaccination rates would accelerate virological clearance. Loss of appetite (Odds Ratio (OR) :5.343; 95%CI: 3.307-8.632) and abnormal defecation (OR:2.840; 95%CI: 1.736-4.645) were significantly associated with intermittent negative status.
Conclusion: These findings could provide clues for early identification of pediatric patients with prolonged viral shedding, enriching the evidence for development of prevention and control strategies especially the vaccination policies for children and adolescents.
Trends of uterine cancer burden in 204 countries and regions from 2000 to 2019 and disease burden prediction
Authors: Zhao Zhihan , Huang Guotao , He Yong , Zuo Xiaohu , Han Wuyue , Hong Li
Published: November 2022

Background: Uterine cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and the fourth most common cancer in women. However, the global burden of uterine cancer has not been estimated, and projections of future disease development are lacking.
Methods: Methods: We collected detailed information on the etiology of uterine cancer between 2000 and 2019 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of uterine cancer by region and etiology were calculated to quantify temporal trends in uterine cancer ASR. Predicting future trends in uterine cancer using the EAPC package.
Results: Globally, uterine cancer cases increased from 244,441 in 2000 to 435,041 in 2019, an increase of 78%. During this period, overall ASR increased by an average of 4% per year. The most pronounced increases are usually seen in countries with high sociodemographic indices, such as the United States. The high body-mass index had a significant effect on disability-adjusted life years(DALYs), Deaths, years lived with disability(YLDs), and years of life lost(YLL)s, and 40.2% of DALYs, 39.8% of Deaths, 43.5% of YLDs, and 39.8% of YLLs were attributed to the high body-mass index. EAPC was significantly correlated with ASR (2000) and Human Development Index (HDI) (2019), respectively. Using BAPC models to predict future uterine cancer incidence will continue to rise
Conclusion: The number of uterine cancer cases is on the rise globally. Overall, we observed a higher incidence trend in countries with higher socio-demographic index. High body-mass index is an important risk factor for uterine cancer. This suggests that current prevention strategies should be repositioned and, in some countries, more targeted and specific strategies should be developed to prevent the increase in uterine cancer.
Vitamin D Levels and Left Ventricular Function in Beta Thalassemia Major with Iron Overload
Authors: Pala mrudula , Bhat kamalakshi , Manya Sharath , Joseph Nitin , Harish Sindhu
Published: November 2022

Heart disease is the primary cause of death in patients with Beta Thalassemia Major. The study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D and left ventricular function in patients with Beta-Thalassemia major with iron overload. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted, where the vitamin D and ferritin levels of children living with Beta Thalassemia Major were measured and left ventricular function was assessed utilizing Ejection Fraction (EF) and Fractional Shortening (FS) using 2D Echocardiography. The mean serum ferritin was 4622 ± 2289ng/ml, and the mean serum vitamin D levels were 22 ± 7.7ng/ml. The mean values of EF were 62.30 ± 6.9%, and FS was 31.21 ± 4.8%. Statistically significant negative correlation (r=-0.447, p < 0.001) was found between vitamin D and serum ferritin values, and a significant positive association was found between vitamin D levels concerning EF and FS with a p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively.
DLDH-containing extracellular vesicles from CAFs reduced DOX sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Xu Zhi , Hou Junchen , Ma Hehua , Zhao Yu , Fei Fei , Sun Runbin , Li Juan
Published: November 2022

Chemo-resistance is a major obstacle in the control of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were critical for tumor progression. Herein, we demonstrated that CAFs/TNBC-derived EVs could suppress doxorubicin (DOX) sensitivity in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The protein array revealed that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) was enriched in CAFs/TNBC-derived EVs, which was the E3 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDC). EVs-DLDH was transported into mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial respiration through increasing α-KGDC activity and NADH content. Inhibiting DLDH reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and CAFs-derived EVs-induced drug resistance in the recipient cells. It was also shown that the EVs-reduced sensitivity of DOX was due to increased drug efflux driven by OXPHOS. Additionally, suppression of ATP-binding cassette transporters or mitochondrial respiration conferred the recipient cells with increased susceptibility to DOX. These results elaborated that CAFs-derived EVs inhibit the DOX sensitivity of TNBC through increasing drug efflux driven by DLDH-induced OXPHOS. Inhibiting EVs-DLDH provides a potential therapeutic application to enhance the responsiveness to chemotherapy in TNBC.
Efficacy and tolerability of a specific blend of amino acids in patients with anorexia nervosa treated in a hospital setting. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Grave Riccardo Dalle , Calugi Simona , Ruocco Chiara , Cimini Marco , Segala Agnese , Ragni Maurizion , Carruba Michele , Valerio Alessandra , Nisoli Enzo
Published: November 2022

Background
Specific blends of essential amino acids (EAA) containing a high percentage of branched-chain amino acids preserves mitochondrial metabolism and higher physical resistance in elderly mice, increasing their survival and improving physical performance and cognitive functions in malnourished elderly patients. However, no study has been yet done on patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA on the change in lean body mass (LBM) and other physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders.
Methods
This is a 13-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be randomized to either a mixture of a complex blend of EAA and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (citrate, malate, succinate) supplementation (or placebo) upon admission at the intensive residential and day-hospital treatment for eating disorders. Ninety-two participants with AN aged 16–50 years will be recruited from a specialized intensive treatment of eating disorders. Double-blind assessment will be conducted at baseline (T0) and the end of the 13 weeks of treatment (T1). The study's primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA and TCA intermediates on the change in lean body mass (LBM) with weight restoration in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders. The secondary aims of the study are to assess the effect of dietary supplementation on physical fitness, weight restoration, modification of AN and general psychopathology, and psychosocial impairment.
Discussion
The study’s results will inform researchers and clinicians on whether supplementing a mixture of EAA and TCA cycle intermediates will improve the increase of LBM and other important physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment.
Trial registration: NCT, NCT05290285. Registered 22 March 2022 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05290285
Clinical practice in recurrent pregnancy loss care: identifying possible barriers for the implementation of an evidence-based guideline
Authors: Youssef A. , Lashley E. E.L.O. , Vermeulen N. , Hoorn M. L.P.
Published: November 2022

Background
Practice variation in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) care is common. International guidelines vary in their recommendations for the management of RPL couples, which could lead to an increase of cross border reproductive care. Currently, the Dutch RPL guideline is being adapted from the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guideline. We aim to identify possible barriers in the implementation of evidence-based RPL care as stipulated in the current guidelines. These barriers could be considered in the development of a new guideline to promote adherence to new recommendations.
Methods
A nationwide survey on the management of RPL patients was conducted across all 107 hospital-based obstetrics and gynaecology practices in the Netherlands. The survey was sent via the Dutch Society for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists to all affiliated clinicians. The questionnaire consisted of 36 questions divided in four sections: clinician’s demographics, RPL definition, investigations and therapy. The data were compared to the recommendations given by guideline of the Dutch Society for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and of the ESHRE, and university hospitals were compared to non-university hospitals.
Results
All hospital-based practices (100%; n=107) filled in the online questionnaire, eight of which were university hospitals, 62 teaching and 37 non-teaching hospitals. The majority of respondents defined RPL similarly, as two or more pregnancy losses (87.4%), not obligatory consecutive (93.1%). Biochemical pregnancies were more often included by university hospitals (57.0% (n=49) vs 41.7% (n=128); p=0.012) by non-university hospitals. More than half of respondents routinely perform thrombophilia screening, although not advised by the ESHRE, while thyroid function, thyroid auto-immunity and β2-glycoprotein antibodies in the context of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are recommended but investigated by less than half of respondents. Finally, university hospitals appear to emphasize lifestyle changes more often than non-university hospitals.
Conclusion
While many clinicians perform investigations recommended by the ESHRE, there is a considerable variation of RPL practice in the Netherlands. We identified possible barriers for RPL guideline implementation in the Netherlands, and possibilities for the ESHRE to focus on implementation strategies in collaboration with national societies. This will improve the quality of care provided to RPL patients and may diminish the necessity felt by patients to turn to multiple opinions or cross border reproductive care.
NEXRA: A weather research analysis system based on the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model with a local ensemble transform Kalman filter
Authors: Chen Ying-Wen , Kanemaru Kaya , Kotsuki Shunji , Terasaki Koji , Yashiro Hisashi , Nakano Masuo , Kasami Kyohei , Satoh Masaki , Kubota Takuji , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: November 2022

This article reviews the first version of the NICAM–LETKF JAXA Research Analysis (NEXRA), a weather research analysis system, which was developed from the fusion of the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) using various observational data, such as NCEP PREPBUFR, radiances from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A, and precipitation obtained from Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). The development of NEXRA started in 2017 as a collaboration between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute at the University of Tokyo (AORI), and the RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS). NEXRA routinely provides 2-D graphical weather information on the web site for general users and ensemble analysis data for research purposes. Routine operation of the first version of NEXRA started on the JAXA Supercomputer System Generation 2 (JSS2) in June 2018 and ended in February 2021 when JSS2 ceased operation. Routine operation of the second version of NEXRA (NEXRA_2.0) started in April 2021 on the JAXA Supercomputer System Generation 3 (JSS3). This article reviews the development and operation of the first version of NEXRA and describes the use of the ensemble analysis data produced by NEXRA as the atmospheric initial conditions for predictability research in the analysis of three events: the record-breaking rainfall in Japan that occurred in July 2018, Typhoon Krosa in August 2019, and the rapid intensification of Typhoon Haishen in August 2020. Finally, some details of the collaborations between NEXRA and other projects and of the development of the current version of NEXRA (NEXRA_2.0) are given, and a future vision for NEXRA is outlined.
Robust microscale structural superlubricity between graphite and nanostructured surface
Authors: Huang Xuanyu , Li Tengfei , Wang Jin , Xia Kai , Peng Deli , Xiang Xiaojian , Ma Ming , Zheng Quanshui
Published: November 2022

Structural superlubricity (SSL), a state of nearly zero friction and no wear between two contacted solid surfaces, brought a dawn for the revolutionary solution of friction and wear problems. Recently, SSL was realized between microscale graphite flake with two dimensional single-crystalline surface and various non-van der Waals materials, which greatly broadens its application range. However, the SSL state has a certain probability of failure due to the edge defects of graphite flake. Here, we achieve robust SSL state between microscale graphite flakes and nanostructured silicon surfaces under ambient condition. We find that the friction is always less than 1 μN, the differential friction coefficient is on the order of 10-4, without observable wear. Detailed characterization and simulation show that this is attributed to the edge warping of graphite flake on the nanostructured surface under concentrated force, which eliminate the edge interaction between the graphite flake and the substrate. This study proves that a graphite flake with single crystal surface without edge contact with the substrate can universally realize robust SSL state with any non-van der Waals materials in the atmosphere, which reduce the roughness requirements of SSL technology and provides a new method for SSL technology to generally apply in the atmospheric environment.
Selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains for the capability to use orange peel show significant yield increases in soybean grown under field conditions
Authors: Silva Maria Leticia Pacheco Da , Moen Francesco , Liles Mark , Feng Yucheng , Sanz-Saez Alvaro
Published: November 2022

Background and aims.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can function as biofertilizers to enhance plant growth and crop yield in an environmentally sustainable manner. However, when PGPR are introduced into agricultural soils, their survival is restricted due to limited nutrients available in the rhizosphere. It has been demonstrated that selected Bacillus velezensis (Bv) strains can use pectin-rich orange peel (OP) as a growth substrate, but results have been scarce due to lack of strain screening. Therefore, it is important to select the Bv strains for their capability to utilize OP and test their ability to promote soybean growth when inoculated with OP.
Methods
Six Bv strains were selected by their growth in OP media and then tested for their soybean growth promotion in combination with OP in greenhouse and field experiments.
Results
Among six Bv strains tested in a greenhouse experiment, strains AP191, AP215, and AP216 showed the best results in plant growth promotion when supplemented with OP, where only AP191 with OP significantly enhanced pod dry weight by 15.8%. Inoculation with AP191 + OP showed the greatest yield under field conditions, being the only treatment significantly different from the control treatment (+ 0.5 ton ha− 1, 9.4% yield increase).
Conclusions
These results support the conclusion that soybean seed inoculation with PGPR strains in conjunction with orange peel can produce a yield advantage under field conditions. This research opens the opportunity for more consistent yield increases when using biologics as a seed treatment for the biofertilizer industry.
Chimaeric plant-produced bluetongue virus particles as potential vaccine candidates.
Authors: Gwynn Abigail , Mbewana Sandiswa , Lubisi Alison , Tshabalala Hope , Rybicki Edward , Meyers Ann
Published: November 2022

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes bluetongue disease in ruminants and sheep. The current live attenuated and inactivated vaccines available for prevention pose several risks, and there is thus a need for vaccines that are safer, economically viable and effective against multiple circulating serotypes. This work describes the development of recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates in plants which are assembled by co-expression of the 4 BTV serotype 8 major structural proteins. We showed that substitution of a neutralising tip domain of BTV8 VP2 with that of BTV1 VP2 resulted in the assembly of VLPs which stimulated serotype-specific antibodies, as well as virus-specific neutralising antibodies.