bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the relationship between morphological lesions of lupus nephritis with demographic and biochemical findings
Authors: Tavassoli Nasrin , Nasri Hamid , Valizadeh Rohollah
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Lupus nephritis is one of the important aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate possible relationship between pathological lesions of lupus nephritis classes and demographic and biochemical findings among patients. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on a group of renal biopsy proven lupus nephritis patients using lupus nephritis classification of ISN/RPS 2003. We collected demographic data of all patients including age, gender serum creatinine and 24h proteinuria. Results: Data of 101 patients, of whom 78 (77.23%) were females and mean age of 33.54±13.15 years. The mean serum creatinine and proteinuria were 1.54±0.88 mg/dL 2502.5±1495.05 mg/d. Based on our data, IV-G (class IV, diffuse lupus nephritis-global) lupus nephritis class was the most common (39.6%) followed by class III (23.8%). The mean crescent and sclerotic glomeruli were 1.66±3.32 and 2.27±5.32, respectively. In this study, 24 hours proteinuria, serum creatinine, activity percent, chronicity percent, crescent and glomerular sclerosis between genders showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The correlation between plasma creatinine and activity was directly positive and significant (r=0.381, P=0.001). In addition, a significant correlation between C1q deposits and glomerular sclerosis (P=0.031) was detected. Accordingly, a significant correlation between IgG deposits and lupus nephritis classification (P=0.025) was seen. Conclusion: Lupus nephritis of IV-G and III classes of lupus nephritis were most common among patients and higher IgG deposits were observed in patients with IV-G classification. We found a significant correlation between glomerular sclerosis and C1q deposits that could be an indicator of lupus nephritis activity and severity. However, we recommend further studies in this regard.
The survival rate of Iranian breast cancer patients with focus on prognostic factors
Authors: Talaiezadeh Abdolhasan , Babadi Saghar , Nazari Pedram
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Several studies showed that TNM stage, grade cancer, lymph node involvement, and the status of hormone receptors are the most important factor of breast cancer prognosis. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival rate in patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 561 patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer between May 1997 and June 2016. Clinical characteristics, pathological profile, stage, and treatments of the patients were recorded. The prognostic factor, two and five-year overall survival (OS) rates, disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier test, respectively. Results: The two and five-year OS rates were 92.1% and 81.7%, respectively. The most important prognostic factors in breast cancer survival were age, the size of the tumor, regional lymph node involvement, metastasis, stage, relapse, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and hormone therapy. There was no significant relationship between tumor type, tumor site, metastasis, surgery kind, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and the status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and the five-year survival rate. Conclusion: This study showed that the most important factors affecting the high survival rate of patients with breast cancer are hormonal receptors, non-involvement of the lymph nodes, early-stage cancer, no recurrence, and no metastasis.
Исследование взаимосвязи продовольственных, энергетических и водных ресурсов с помощью трехсекторальной модели Лоренца
Authors: Атоев Константин Леонович , Вовк Лилия Борисовна , Шпига Сергей Петрович
Published: November 2021

Работа посвящена проблеме создания новых методов для комплексного моделирования и управления риском, которые позволят исследовать синергетические взаимодействия между источниками рисков различного происхождения в условиях неопределенности. Предложен подход к исследованию взаимосвязи продовольственных, водных и энергетических ресурсов с помощью трехсекторальной модели Лоренца, которая объединяет в единой структуре однотипным образом описанные сектора экономики, каждый из которых рассматривается в сроках уровня производительности, количества рабочих мест. и уровня структурных нарушений В результате математического моделирования определены условия возникновения детерминированного хаоса в минимальной модели экономического развития и выявлены возможные причины возрастающей уязвимости глобальной экономики к малым изменениям параметров управления. Рассмотрена задача определения эффективных управлений с целью минимизации суммарных структурных нарушений за выбранный интервал времени. В результате модельных экспериментов обнаружены траектории изменения параметров управления, позволяющие уменьшить число структурных нарушений. Это достигается за счет изменений соотношения уровней пропозиции и спроса продукции, спроса и предложения на создание рабочих мест. Рассмотрено влияние случайных возмущений на стохастическую деформацию детерминированных аттракторов модели Лоренца. Показано, что при случайных возбуждениях траектории стохастической системы покидают детерминированный аттрактор и образуют вокруг него некоторый пучок с соответствующим вероятностным распределением. Рассмотрена возможность дальнейшего усложнения модели за счет учета других секторов экономики с помощью модели Лоренца в комплексной форме. Задача исследования n секторов экономик в этом случае сводится к рассмотрению поведения ансамбля n связанных осцилляторов, генерирующих колебания с частотами ωn соответственно. Коллективная синхронизация данных осцилляторов может быть исследована с помощью модели Курамото. Задача управления социально-экономическим развитием в условиях возникновения хаотических режимов сводится для комплексной модели к управлению частотой поля с ненулевым средним, генерируемым связанными осцилляторами.
Методы моделирования и идентификация параметров неоднородных анормальных неврологических движений многокомпонентных нейробиосистемах с когнитивными обратными связями
Authors: Петрик Михаил Романович , Чикрий Аркадий Алексеевич , Мудрик Иван Ярославович
Published: November 2021

Разработаны основы математического моделирования и идентификации параметров неоднородных анормальных неврологических движений (АНР) в многокомпонентных нейробиосистемах с обратными когнитивными связями. На основе развитых авторами методов интегральных превращений и спектрального анализа для неоднородных сред предложен новый подход к построению гибридных моделей распространения волнового сигнала, описывающего нежелательные дрожания конечности руки пациента (Т-объекта) в результате самопроизвольного сокращения скелетных мышц. за счет когнитивных воздействий отдельной группы нейронных узлов коры головного мозга (КГМ). Разработана гибридная модель нейробиосистемы, описывающая состояние и поведение Т-объектов, а именно посегментное описание 3D-элементов траекторий АНР Т-объекта с учетом матрицы когнитивных воздействий групп нейроузлов КГМ. На основе гибридных интегральных преобразований Фурье получено высокоскоростное аналитическое векторное решение модели, описывающей элементы траекторий на каждом АНР-сегменте. Предложена новая методика вычисления гибридной спектральной функции, спектральных значений и матрицы когнитивных воздействий нейроузлов КГМ, определяющих гибридное интегральное преобразование построения решения. Сформулированы и решены новые неклассические задачи многопараметрической идентификации нейросистем с обратной связью в неоднородных средах на основе минимизации функционала-невязки между траекториями наблюдения и их модельными аналогами. Построены высокопроизводительные алгоритмы идентификации амплитудно-частотных характеристик систем обратной связи для компонентной оценки влияния когнитивных обратных связей, позволяющих распараллелировать вычисления для многоядерных компьютеров. Выполнено компьютерное моделирование и идентификацию АНР-траекторий нейросистем обратной связи.
Association of plasma DNA integrity and long fragment ALU247 in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Sherif Feryal Farouk , El Desouky Mohamed Ali , Gebril Mona , Azmy Osama Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

DNA Integrity index (DNA Int) and cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) represent promising biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) detection. Tumor necrosis produces DNA fractions of different sizes, which contrasts apoptosis in normal tissue that releases smaller and more regular DNA fragments. Using ALU gene primers in quantitative PCR, the amplified cf-DNA is supposed to be either short fragments of 115 bp (ALU 115) or long fragments of 247 bp (ALU 247). ALU levels and DNA Int were determined in the plasma of 30 EOC patients, 30 benign cysts, and 15 healthy individuals. The mean values of DNA Int, ALU115, and ALU247 were elevated in malignant patients (0.51±0.09, 3.93 ng/ul ±1.93, 2.35 ng/ul ±1.1) respectively in comparison to healthy females (0.37±0.05; p < 0.001, 2.56 ng/ul ±0.9; p=0.027, 1.26±0.44; p< 0.01). A significant increase was shown in the mean values of DNA Int and ALU247 of EOC patients compared to those with benign cysts (0.4±0.06, p <0.001; 1.69±0.66, p =0.008) respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for EOC versus healthy females achieved 0.913 (DNA Int), 0.696 (ALU115), and 0.809 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (86.7% and 93.3%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 86.7%) for ALU115 and (76.7% and 86.7%) for ALU247 respectively. Furthermore, comparing patients with EOC versus those with benign cysts gave AUC of 0.834 (DNA Int), 0.564 (ALU115), and 0.681 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (80% and 80%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 60%) for ALU115 and (60% and 80%) for ALU247 respectively. Higher DNA Int and plasma ALU247 could help in the assessment of EOC, and their measurements seem to have clinical value in diagnosis.
Critical Bridge: Learning Practice / Teaching Practice
Authors:   University of Michigan
Published: November 2021

The bridge between two apparently opposite poles, the academy and the profession, isn’t a relationship where one underpins the other. Instead it should be seen as a continuum that establishes a system of checks and balances where in order to thrive, one needs the other. In his book ‘New Essentialism / Material Architecture’ Borden discuss-es this relationship between the ‘practice of architecture’ and the ‘practice of teaching’. “Leading practitioners and design thinkers are associated with academic institutions. This connection to teaching represents a critical bridge that endows the academy with an experimental and investigative validity while providing the ever renewing energy, experimentation, and inquiry that feeds and validates a professional office.” The association between these two poles produce a symbiosis with one learning from and teaching the other. The academy is validated through the accountability of the profession, while at the same time, the profession is nourished through the curious and investigative environment that only the academy can provide. On the one hand, professional practice is primarily seen as a service-based profession that wrestles with the pressures of societal demands that influence its outcomes whether they be in the form of research or a product/commodity. Practice is the point of translation of ideation to reality, a process dominated by pragmatics and constraints. This process, in some respects, is the validation of disciplinary experimentation and speculation that can be undertaken in both the profession or academy. The academy, on the other hand has the option of freeing itself of societal demands and pragmatic constraints, and serves as the guardian of the disciplinary calling which separates architecture from building. The design studio is a place where knowledge in generated in a diverse, equitable and inclusive manner. However, this freedom can be seen in two ways. Some view the work produced in an academic environment lacking rigor and not grounded in reality. This view leads to a questioning of its validity and the beneficial implications that it might have for the betterment of the profession and society at large. However, without this freedom and ability to speculate severely limits the possibilities for innovation in the field.
Analysis of overgrowing of agricultural lands on the Perm region based on Landsat satellite images
Authors: Belousova Anna , Bryzhko Ilya
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problem of overgrowing trees and shrubs of abandoned agricultural land in the Perm Region. The widespread occurrence of overgrowth processes in the non-chernozem zone is associated with the close proximity of agricultural land and forested areas. Also, a significant reason for widespread occurrence of this process is the non-use of land by agricultural producers in the region, due to financial problems and lack of funds to carry out work to return agricultural land to use. The method is based on the use of Landsat satellite imagery data. Analysis has been performed over a 30-year period, from the time of a maximum use of agricultural land to the present day. The processes of overgrowing of agricultural land on the territory of the Perm Region are used quite actively, this is due to the close proximity of agricultural land, as well as, often, with the non-use of the region’s land by agricultural producers due to financial difficulties and the lack of work to return agricultural land into circulation. The results are presented for the municipal districts of the Perm Region. The total area of overgrown agricultural land in 2020 is 138,610 km2 (58.8 % of the total area of agricultural land in the Perm Region). Early stages of forest regeneration are not identified on satellite images due to their low spatial resolution. Approximately 68,950 km2 of agricultural land are covered by closed forest vegetation, its return to agricultural use has extremely low economic efficiency for agricultural manufacturers of the region. Young unclosed forest vegetation covers 69,660 km2. Accuracy assessment is performed based on reference sites with ground survey and high-resolution satellite images from public services (Google Earth and ESRI Imagery).
The use of morphometric indicators of the relief for soil mapping of around plants in the conditions of the middle taiga in the northern part of the Perm region
Authors: Chashchin Aleksey , Samofalova Iraida , Mudrykh Natalya
Published: November 2021

The digital elevation model (DEM) matrix allows to reveal the relationship of the soil cover with morphometric parameters. Therefore, in the absence of the possibility of a large-scale field survey of soils, for territories with a high degree of erosion hazard, the data on the relief make it possible to carry out predictive large-scale soil maps. The aim of the work is to create a cartographic model of the soil cover of agricultural land based on the extrapolation of the results of DEM processing and to compare it with the existing large-scale soil map in similar natural conditions. The object of research is the territory of LLC “Selskoe” located in the Solikamsk urban district of the Perm region. Agricultural land use belongs to the northernmost agricultural lands in the region. The total area of research was 429 hectares of arable land. The plot includes 8 fields. For soil mapping, a digital elevation model ALOS 30 and a large-scale soil map of the key site were used, which characterizes part of the land use of the subsidiary farm “Voskhod”. Using the results of the classification of the relief according to the GIS SAGA TPI based landform classification algorithm as a contour base and the existing soil map of the key site, a soil map of LLC “Selskoe” was made by the extrapolation method. The steepness of the slopes and the topographic moisture index were used as auxiliary data. In conditions of complex relief, a clear dependence of the location of soils on relief elements has been established. By extrapolating data from a large-scale soil survey, 10 soil cartographic units were identified. According to the relief elements, podzolic, sod-podzolic, bog-podzolic and alluvial soils were identified. In terms of granulometric composition, light soils prevail, a small area is occupied by medium loamy soils.
Environmental assessment of the territories on the example of municipalities of the Smolensk region
Authors: Tikunov Vladimir , Vatlina Tamara
Published: November 2021

The article discusses approaches to assessing the health status of children on the example of a model research region—the Smolensk region. A description of the data set for an 18-year observation period is given in order to identify territorial differences in the incidence rates of ecologically caused diseases. When assessing the health of the population at the regional level, first of all, it is necessary to select a population group, formalize and standardize the base of parameters characterizing health, and also apply such data processing methods that will allow unambiguous interpretation of the results. All these requirements can be taken into account by applying mathematical and cartographic modeling. The cartographic component is a continuation and development of a mathematical model that ensures the processing of initial data in accordance with the goals and objectives of medical and geographical research. The subsequent cartographic interpretation of mathematical calculations leads to the creation of spatial visualization, which also serves as a tool for multilateral analysis of the results. For the analysis were taken indicators of the general morbidity of children, following the International Classification of Diseases, in the following classes: respiratory diseases; diseases of the digestive system; diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. As a result, the ranking of the studied territorial units (25 municipal districts and 15 cities) was obtained according to four morbidity indicators. Based on these data, a series of maps was created, reflecting the spatial distribution of health characteristics over an 18-year observation period. The results obtained using absolute indicators revealed a gap in the values of the integral indices. The application of the methodology can contribute to the formulation of goals and objectives of strategies for the socio-economic development of regions and municipalities, measures to improve the health of children.
Cartographic analysis of the components of the agricultural landscape in the formation of sustainable land management in the context of land degradation Volgograd region
Authors: Denisova Elena
Published: November 2021

Modern geoinformation studies of the structural components of the agricultural landscape allow us to quickly assess the state, the degree of preservation and the impact of its individual elements on the environment, and the sustainability of each land use. The preservation of the quality of land resources is the most important task for agricultural production and socio-economic development of the region. Mapping of the test site “Catchment area of the Kasarka River” made it possible to determine the agricultural landscape as a typical one, with an area of 78.55 thousand square meters. ha, with a predominance of arable land—60.3 %, woodlands—11.3 % and protective forest strips of artificial origin—3.6 %. The remaining area—19.39 thousand hectares—is occupied by hayfields and pastures, lands of settlements, roads and allotments. The terrain features a height difference of 86 m and a maximum slope angle of 7.5°. 456 plots of arable land were surveyed, the system of protective forest stands includes 581 forest strips and 21 forest stands, with a total area of 11.75 thousand hectares. 74.3 % of forest strips and massifs are degraded, the share of fallen forest belts was 34.3 %, the effectiveness of the protective action of forest stands is only 67 %, and this does not ensure the integrity of the agricultural landscape. The dependence of the slope angle (X) on the value of the potential washout (M) was determined, which made it possible to calculate the soil washout for each plot of arable land, which varies from 4.8 t/ha to 34.7 t/ha. The total flushing of the soil at the maximum values of the slope angles of the test site will be 823750.3 tons. For individual test plots of arable land, the spread of the calculated value of the average nutrient flushing is also significant from 3.1 t (test plot P67, area 0.943 ha), to 1655.5 t (test plot H142, area 296.86 ha).
GIS-based support for precision farming on the example of the Tyumen region
Authors: Bryzhko Ilya , Shabalina Tatyana
Published: November 2021

Precision farming technologies are used all over the world and are promising for the territory of Russia. The need for their implementation is determined by the need to increase agricultural production and improve food security. Precision farming can significantly improve the quality and quantity of products, while maintaining the quality of the soil and its potential.

This article discusses the implementation of precision farming technologies at an agricultural enterprise using the results of soil surveys, Earth remote sensing materials and soil scanning, using the equipment of the company “Veris”.

In the course of the work and the implementation of precision farming technologies, an inventory of lands was made, layers and attributes were created, maps of the enterprise’s lands were updated, soil scanning tools were investigated, various maps were built and posted on the special web service, and recommendations were given to improve soil fertility. When performing the work, open source software products were used, such as QGIS, SAGA, OneSoil web service.

The result of the study showed that the inventory of agricultural land allows you to quickly identify areas with inappropriate use, automatically update data on changes in agricultural land areas, store spatial information on crop rotation, allowing you to keep records of agricultural land. Building a web map allowed farmers to actively use web mapping tools to analyze crops, highlighting relationships between soil indicators and productivity zones in the field. Based on the results of soil scanning, vegetation index and soil sampling, it is possible to obtain recommendations for improving soil fertility and productivity.

The introduction of these technologies at an agricultural enterprise makes it possible to effectively use all precision farming tools and analyze spatial information. As a result of the work, the prospects were identified and the practical use of this direction at the enterprise was checked.
Assessment of agricultural land plots using a risk-based approach based on geoinformation technologies
Authors: Bondar Elena , Skripchinsky Andrey , Burym Yuri , Movsesova Victoria
Published: November 2021

The risk-based approach in the control and supervisory activities in the field of land use remains relevant despite significant experience in this area. Since the issues related to the interaction of the branches of supervisory and control bodies from the federal to the municipal level have not yet been resolved. There are no uniform criteria for assigning objects to a particular risk group, considering regional conditions.

To analyze the performance of the Rosselkhoznadzor (the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance) in the field of agricultural land assessment for the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, geoinformation technologies were used, which made it possible to give an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the risk-based approach system. Four hundred seventy eight land plots were identified, most of them belongs to land plots that are not classified as medium or moderate risk (68.6 %), about 28 % of all plots are considered as moderate risk, and 3.1 % of land plots are classified as medium risk.

Using publicly available sources of information, a land plots database was created with the definition of the risk category. A geoinformation model of the density of land plots (heat map) is constructed using the QGIS software. The thematic maps created made it possible to identify the features of land plots with medium and moderate risk categories.

The main feature of the risk-based approach is the absence of land plots subject to routine inspection in the forest zone, foothill subalpine and high-altitude subalpine and alpine meadows, Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, where there are two natural biosphere reserves and many protected natural areas of regional significance. A small number of inspected land plots were also identified within the boundries of specially protected ecological and resort region of the Russian Federation, Caucasian Mineral Waters, which is geographically located in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic.
ECONOMIC MATTER AND STRUCTURE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Yereshko Julia
Published: November 2021

Introduction. One of the properties of the modern developed economy is the predominance of employment in the intangible and technological spheres, i.e., the neo-industrial economic system, as well as strengthening the role of intangible components: high-tech production and, in part, the active dependence of "simple" goods on the intellectual component of the enterprise: brands, reputation, competence (sometimes, even their personal qualities) of employees, PR, etc. Like any other resource, knowledge will acquire the properties of capital, only embodied as a productive force in the production process: the existence of knowledge, by itself, does not give it the characteristics of a value-generating mean, only its use by resource carriers turns this knowledge into capital.
The aim of the article is to form a comprehensive view of intellectual capital as a factor of production from the standpoint of determining its role in the system of productive forces of society and value creation.
The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific theoretical methods of categories essence cognition, namely: dialectical analysis of phenomena causality, synthesis, methods of logical generalization; hypothesis.
Results. To form a holistic view of the studied category, it is necessary to consider intellectual capital as a factor of production in the composition of "related" such factors in terms of defining not only singular, but also special and general for the systems of different orders, the objective source of which is human, i.e.: intellectual, human, social and labour capital. At the same time, the knowledge and labour, already separated from the carrier, that is, embodied in the "nonhuman" factors of production, we consider to be singular – inherent in the first of all above mentioned. It was determined that quite often intellectual capital is associated with intangible assets, however, a number of researchers identify it with human capital, social capital, and even "quality of labour". There was proved a necessity of structuring "human" productive factors, based on singular, special and general of these systems, which will allow a clear idea of intellectual capital and its structure.
Using the concept of intellectual capital, in terms of its structure, its economic content and structure were concretized, namely: personal capital; human capital; structural capital; consumer capital; materialized capital.
The study gives reason to talk about the intellectual capital as a source of innovative development and the new value creation. Thus, the prospect of further research is to substantiate the concept of intellectual economy as an economic system, the source of gross product of which is intellectual capital.
FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF THE MECHANISM OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY
Authors: Poltoratska Alona , Stovba Tetiana , Hrebennikova Alona
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Introduction. Innovation is an integral factor of social and economic development, which accompanied mankind from the beginning of civilization. Over the past decade, you can observe a significant increase in expenditures for innovation activity and growing interest in the topic of innovation, since technological changes and innovations are often perceived as an influential process that opens opportunities for the benefits of society, as well as social security.
Particular attention is paid to the commercialization of innovation, since they are a fundamental condition for the development of both micro-and macroeconomic aspects in the context of their impact on the creation of competitive advantages and economic development.
Moreover, the commercialization of innovation is, apparently, the most important challenge faced by all companies. innovations go beyond science or technology; this is what can create value through the commercialization process.
The theme of commercialization of innovation apparently paid increased attention Recently, but this subject of research is quite fragmented and distributed between various fields of research and disciplines. As a result, it is necessary to investigate, arrange and aggregate various theoretical and empirical conclusions, the purpose of the article is to determine theoretical principles of commercialization of the results of innovation activity in order to formulate the relevant mechanism.
Method (methodology). The study used a number of general scientific and specially scientific methods: analysis and synthesis to find out the essence of the mechanism of commercialization of the results of innovation activity; systematization – determination of the main levels of the mechanism of commercialization; Gnoseology – outlining the main contradictions for understanding commercialization.
The results. The main purpose of the article is to form a model of the mechanism of commercialization of the results of innovation activity. The existing connection between phenomena is taken into account: commercialization of innovation and internationalization. A conceptual approach to the formation of a mechanism for commercialization of innovation results depending on management levels is proposed. The toolkit for implementing the proposed mechanism is determined.
ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ITS FORMATION
Authors: Lysiаk Olena
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The economic security of a country depends on the function and level of development of the economic system, including all components of relations and interdependence. Due to the lack of a scientifically sound national development strategy based on the guiding principles of economic security, negative economic phenomena are becoming more frequent, which creates conditions for developing theoretical foundations and using other scientific methods in public administration to form economic security. Avoiding economic security will lead to negative socio-economic consequences, negative economic conditions, increased dependence on imports, and so on. Therefore, it is important to study the factors affecting the economic security of the country, which are systematized by different areas of development.
Goal. Analysis of the achievements of economic security of the state through the study of factors influencing it, in accordance with certain areas of its development; substantiation of the factor of investment and innovation security as a factor of economic security of the state.
Method (methodology). Scientific research was conducted through analysis and synthesis in order to study the state and achievements of economic security of the state; tabular and graphical methods for visual presentation of the material.
The results. The level of economic security is systematized in the article. The periodicity of development of national economic security of the state in different conditions of its formation is studied. The stages of development of economic security of Ukraine are analyzed. The definition and importance of economic security of the state are confirmed. The need to improve the state of economic security of the state in order to accelerate the exit of our country from the protracted socio-economic and political crisis was emphasized. The essence of the model of economic security with further creation of preconditions for introduction and maintenance of economic security at the state level is specified. The own explanation of the term "economic security of the state" is made. It is proposed to create an effective system of economic security, which will avoid negative consequences, eliminate the threat of rapid opening of the national economy in the context of globalization, to ensure its competitiveness. It is proposed to create a new factor of economic security and introduce it into the structure of state economic security, in order to increase state capital.
STRATEGIC DOMINANTS OF THE ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ASYMMETRIC GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kravchuk Nataliya , Lutsyshyn Oleh
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Since the beginning of the XXI century, the integration of the vast majority of countries into a single geoeconomic space is accompanied by the latest global trends, permanent systemic risks, and their asymmetric effects. All the factors mentioned above have a multi-vector and contradictory impact on modern global development. As well as they encourage the international community to develop preventive measures and restart the institution of diplomacy in general, and economic diplomacy particularly.
Goal. The aim of this research is to scientifically substantiate the asymmetric impact of global development risks on economic diplomacy while taking into account external and internal environmental factors to differentiate possible strategic dominants of state economic diplomacy considering its "geoeconomic location" and "strategic zone of presence" in the global economic space.
Methods. With the use of PESTEI, SWOT, and SNW-analysis, the matrix of scenarios for the formation of the state “strategic zone of presence” in the global economic space is developed, as well as the strategic dominants of economic diplomacy of the state are outlined accordingly.
Results. The research has shown that the asymmetric effect of global risks in the process of geoeconomic space network formation encourages the international community to develop preventive measures and reset the institution of economic diplomacy. It has been proved that in this context, economic diplomacy, as one of the key vectors of the institution of diplomacy, acquires the status of "dominant" in the process of formation of the state’s geostrategic positioning in the international arena, taking into consideration the current geopolitical and geoeconomic processes. Also, it has been argued that the development of major strategic decisions in the field of economic diplomacy is based on the results of strategic analysis, while considering the achievements of the "expert diplomacy”. Moreover, it has been proved that the formation of strategic dominants of economic diplomacy should take into account the results of the strategic analysis of systemic determinants, specifically risks of global development and asymmetric challenges for economic diplomacy, as well as endogenous factors of the internal environment. Finally, it has been emphasized that the national interests of the state along with the guarantees of state’s economic security should be the absolute priorities while choosing the strategic dominants of economic diplomacy
Perspectives. Further scientific research on the studied issues primarily aims to analyze the systemic determinants of the formation of Ukraine’s "geoeconomic location" in the global economic space as well as outline the strategic dominants of its economic diplomacy, taking into account national interests and targets of economic security.
BUDGET CONTROL IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BUDGET POLICY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES
Authors: Hrynchyshyn Iryna
Published: November 2021

Introduction. A systematic approach to the organization of budgetary control in terms of compliance with the law and the efficient use of budgetary resources is designed to promote the effectiveness of fiscal policy of local governments.
Goal. Determining the features of budget control in the context of formation and implementation of budget policy of local governments.
Method (methodology). Methods of logical generalization, analysis, comparison and synthesis are used to determine the features of budget control in the context of formation and implementation of budget policy.
Results. It is established that budget control is considered by scientists from a certain research position, namely as: a kind of specialized state financial control, a component of management activities of government and local government, financial control function of authorized entities and the public. The peculiarities of budget control in the context of formation and implementation of budget policy of local governments are described and the following directions of its improvement are offered: formation of complex system of budget control in the context of formation and implementation of budget policy; unification of functions of state budget control bodies in order to prevent excessive and unjustified interference in the activities of local self-government bodies with the provision of information and communication exchange between local self-government bodies and external controlling bodies; creation of a subdivision of internal budget control in accordance with the determined organizational structure of local self-government bodies with appropriate documentary support of the procedure for its implementation; use of tools of public control along with the state in order to increase the efficiency of government, minimize the risks of violations and abuses in the financial sector, which in turn will increase the level of trust of residents of the local community and their direct participation in local government.
METHODOLOGY OF GAS STATIONS EVALUATION
Authors: Kalynichenko Yuliia , Shvets Veronika
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In Ukraine, the transit traffic flow, the number of freight, passenger and private vehicles is growing every year, which leads to a constant increase in the number of gas stations. The gas station market is a market of stiff competition, closed to beginners. It is almost impossible for non-affiliated persons to obtain information on real purchase and sale agreements. In view of this fact, the issue of developing methodological and applied principles for estimating the cost of gas stations and identifying generalizing trends in its dynamics is relevant.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the methodological provisions and develop methodological and practical recommendations for determining the cost of gas stations.
Method (methodology). To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: factor analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization, the method of causation, system analysis, graphical method.
Results. In the paper the factors that affect the cost of gas stations is identified, the determinants of which are the location, brand, number of filling stations, storage capacity and speed of service. It is substantiated that the main conditions for adequate assessment of gas stations are a practical understanding of the peculiarities of doing business, the state of the industry, prospects and forecasts of its development, as well as a detailed analysis of the market. An analysis of the gas station market was carried out, based on the results of which the level of fuel prices, minimum and maximum prices for different types of fuel in Ukraine were determined. It is proved that the main methodological approach used in the evaluation of gas stations is the income approach. An algorithm for calculating the cost of gas stations has been developed. It is not possible to build a cash flow model if there is no qualitative forecast of the expected amount of profit, which is directly affected by the past experience of the entity. Therefore, when evaluating gas stations, it is necessary to use the data contained in the financial reporting forms. To confirm the stability of income, it is useful to analyze the stable ratios and general trends between turnover (potential gross income) and key cost items, such as procurement, staff costs, etc. The necessity of determining the size of the share of the value of the land plot in the total cost of gas stations is substantiated. The value of the land is determined by the balance of income that falls on it. The formula for calculating this ratio is given. The components of costs for the construction of gas stations are determined.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE BANK’S DEFAULT CLIENTS BY MACHINE LEARNING METHODS ON THE BASIS OF BINNING
Authors: Kleban Yurii , Horoshko Nataliia
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In the current global crisis, the problem of the quality of banks’ loan portfolios is a topical issue. Among the methods of effective credit risk management is the assessment of the borrower’s creditworthiness. Improving the quality of analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the counterparty will reduce the occurrence of unforeseen risks in the process of conducting credit operations. Given the importance of the role of creditworthiness assessment for decision-making, there is a need to improve and choose a methodology that will ensure the most accurate classification of the bank’s clients. Purpose. The aim of the work is to choose the best method for predicting the probability of default of commercial bank customers based on the analysis of approaches and testing of the built models. Method (methodology). The paper considers methodological approaches to modeling the insolvency of bank customers and determining the probability of repayment of loans based on binning indicators. Also, the credit risk assessment models based on the use of logit and probit regressions, the algorithm of extreme gradient boosting and artificial neural networks are constructed. The comparative analysis of the efficiency of the application of the used approaches is carried out. Results. The obtained results demonstrated the high accuracy of the models and their ability to identify non-creditworthy customers. The findings of the study and evaluation of mathematical approaches can be implemented in the work of banking structures and other credit institutions to spread the amount of problem fees in their loan portfolios.
METHODOLOGICAL AND METHODS PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING THE COST PRICE OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Authors: Korytnyk Liliya
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Reforming the public financial management system envisages a transition from the mechanism of retention of public sector entities to the financing of quality public services and performance management. This causes a change in the ideology of the distribution of budget funds between public sector actors. The key indicator that characterizes the efficiency of public resources and provides an assessment of the activities of any entity is the aggregate costs that form the economic indicator "cost". However, the problems of methodological and methodological nature in the formation of the cost of public services to ensure a rational and reasonable amount of funding and effective management of the use of budget funds remain unresolved.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the methodological and methodological features of the formation of the cost of educational services to provide economic justification of public funding for free economic development and promote effective management of budget funds in the field of education.
Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, methods of causal analysis, tabular method.
Results. The conceptual and terminological apparatus used in the process of calculating the cost of training specialists has been improved, which specified the study of the technological process of calculating educational services and became the basis for determining the constitutive indicators for calculating their value. The expediency of determining universal approaches to the method of cost accounting and costing within the main administrator of budget funds, taking into account the industry characteristics and technology of production activities. It was established that the most acceptable for institution of higher education of all the studied methods is out-of-order, revealed the essence of out-of-order method and determined the sequence of out-of-order calculation, which allowed to establish the feasibility of calculating educational services in stages (stages) within the order. In this case, the stages (stages) are directly the academic years as technological processes of the production cycle of training. This approach will ensure the formation of the total cost of educational services for the entire period of the production cycle within the "order", as well as allow to determine the actual cost, which will establish the optimal, cost-effective cost of training, provide accounting and analytical relevant information for decision-making on the quality and economic feasibility of providing a certain type of educational services.
DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE MOVEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Muhina Iryna
Published: November 2021

One of the reasons for writing this article was the need to reconsider the situation regarding the prospects for the development of events in Ukraine carried out in 2011. Then the opinion was expressed that most likely, our country will be swallowed up by Russia - a large state that owns significant natural resources and has a huge population, but that did not happen!
On the contrary, the Ukrainian people showed courage, strength and determination in the confrontation with Russia. He continues to defend his right to national self-identification. This shows that Ukraine as a country has the potential for growth and development.
The aim of the study is to expand and clarify previous forecasts of the development of events in Ukraine based on the analysis of demographic indicators and the level of passionarity of socially active segments of the population.
The theoretical basis of the research was the works of Lev Gumilyov, Pitirim Sorokin and other scientists.
The methodological basis was the data of statistical reporting, historical description of events in Ukraine, personal observations.
The following tasks were set: analysis of the demographic situation regarding the signs of aging of the Ukrainian nation; forecast of the demographic situation in Ukraine for the next 5-6 years; assessment of the types of aspirations of individuals dominating in the Ukrainian ethnic system; determination of the nature and characteristics of this impact on the ecological and economic situation in the country.
For this, the following types of methods: statistical analysis, studies of historical processes, abstract-logical, grouping, comparison, analysis and synthesis, and the like.
The results of the study can serve as informative support of cause-and-effect relationships between social, economic and environmental components in the development of a strategy for the functioning and development of economic objects, environmental management and social sphere in the regions of Ukraine.
The changes in the ecological and economic situation are taking place in Ukraine towards a more economical consumption of natural resources. They are associated with the entry of the ethno-social system into the inertial phase of ethnogenesis and the aging of the Ukrainian nation.
The consequence of these changes will be the restoration of the natural environment, the elimination of the influence of oligopolies on the economy and politics, and so democratization of society.
This study is the basis for the further development of criteria for formalizing forecasts of the movement of ecological and economic processes.