bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carriage is a Protective Factor of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Ying , Lin Jialing , Li Linghua , Cai Weiping , Ye Jiaping , He Suiping , Zhang Wencui , Liu Ning , Gong Zijun , Ye Xiaohua , Yao Zhenjiang
Published: January 2021

Background. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) is regarded as the repository of mecA gene for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and may develop methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) to MRSA. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether MRCoNS carriage is a risk factor of MRSA colonization. Phenotypic characteristics were performed to further assess the associations between MRSA and MRCoNS. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for further analysis. The risk factors of MRSA colonization were analyzed using nonconditional logistic regression models. The phenotypic characteristics between MRSA and MRCoNS were compared by Chi-square test. Results. Among the 1001 HIV-infected patients, a total of 119 (11.89%) participants were positive for MRSA, and 34.45% (41/119) of all MRSA carriers were positive for MRCoNS. We found MRCoNS carriage was a protective factor of MRSA colonization (adjusted odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.38–0.91). A significant difference in the proportions of antibiotic resistance between MRSA and MRCoNS isolates was found except for penicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and teicoplanin. The main STs and CC types of MRSA isolates in this population were ST188 (15.1%) and CC59 (17.6%), respectively. Conclusions. HIV-infected patients remain a highly vulnerable population for MRSA colonization. Though who carried MRCoNS is less likely to have MRSA colonization, similarity of some antibiotic resistance between MRSA and MRCoNS was found in this study. Regular surveillance on the colonization and antibiotic patterns of MRSA and MRCoNS is still necessary.
Gastrodin Promotes the Survival of Random‐Pattern Skin Flaps via Autophagy Flux Stimulation
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Chen Baoxia , Li Baolong , Luo Xiaobin , Wu Hongqiang , Zhang Chenxi , Liu Junling , Jiang Jingtao , Zhao Bin
Published: January 2021

The random‐pattern flap has a significant application in full mouth restoration (reconstructive surgery) and plastic surgery owing to an easy operation with no axial vascular restriction. However, distal necrosis after flap operation is still considered the most common complication which makes it the Achilles heel in the clinical application of random‐pattern flaps. A Chinese medicinal herb named gastrodin is an effective active ingredient of Gastrodia. Herein, the existing study explored the significant potential of gastrodin on flap survival and its underlying mechanism. Our obtained results show that gastrodin will significantly improve flap survival, reduce tissue edema, and increase blood flow. Furthermore, our studies reveal that gastrodin can promote angiogenesis and reduce the apoptotic process as well as oxidative stress. The results of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting revealed that gastrodin has a role in the elevation of autophagy flux which results in induced autophagy. The use of 3MA (3‐methyladenine) for the inhibition of induced autophagy significantly weakened the underlying benefits of gastrodin treatment. Taken together, our obtained results confirmed that gastrodin is an effective drug that can considerably promote the survival rate of flaps (random pattern) via enhancing autophagy. Enhanced autophagy is correlated with the elevation of angiogenesis, reduced level of oxidative stress, and inhibition of cell apoptosis.
Donor Preconditioning with Inhaled Sevoflurane Mitigates the Effects of Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in a Swine Model of Lung Transplantation
Authors: Bertani Alessandro , Miceli Vitale , De Monte Lavinia , Occhipinti Giovanna , Pagano Valeria , Liotta Rosa , Badami Ester , Tuzzolino Fabio , Arcadipane Antonio
Published: January 2021

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) occur in up to 30% of patients undergoing lung transplantation and may impact on the clinical outcome. Several strategies for the prevention and treatment of PGD have been proposed, but with limited use in clinical practice. In this study, we investigate the potential application of sevoflurane (SEV) preconditioning to mitigate IRI after lung transplantation. The study included two groups of swines (preconditioned and not preconditioned with SEV) undergoing left lung transplantation after 24‐hour of cold ischemia. Recipients’ data was collected for 6 hours after reperfusion. Outcome analysis included assessment of ventilatory, hemodynamic, and hemogasanalytic parameters, evaluation of cellularity and cytokines in BAL samples, and histological analysis of tissue samples. Hemogasanalytic, hemodynamic, and respiratory parameters were significantly favorable, and the histological score showed less inflammatory and fibrotic injury in animals receiving SEV treatment. BAL cellular and cytokine profiling showed an anti‐inflammatory pattern in animals receiving SEV compared to controls. In a swine model of lung transplantation after prolonged cold ischemia, SEV showed to mitigate the adverse effects of ischemia/reperfusion and to improve animal survival. Given the low cost and easy applicability, the administration of SEV in lung donors may be more extensively explored in clinical practice.
Modeling and Vibration Analysis of a Porous Rotational Shell Based on Biot Theory
Authors: Lu Jing , Xiang Yu , Chen Sha , Jin Hao , Chen ZhengXuan
Published: January 2021

Combining the Biot theory and classical elastic theory for thin shells, a new dynamic model of a thin fluid‐saturated porous rotational shell is proposed. First‐order ordinary differential control equations of the porous rotational shell are derived in the frequency domain. These equations are then solved by using the precise element method. The accuracy of this model has been verified by comparing with a vibration experiment. Moreover, the comparisons between the present model and two equivalent property models are carried out. Because the present approach considers the fluid‐solid coupling effect and makes no assumptions for the fluid displacements, it is more accurate in the high‐frequency range. Lastly, the dynamic characteristics of porous rotational shells are demonstrated by the proposed method.
Corrosion Characteristics of Anchor Cables in Electrolytic Corrosion Test and the Applicability of the Test Method in Study of Anchor Cable Corrosion
Authors: Yin Tao , Sun Xingsong , Wang Yujie , Zhao Yufei , Wang Shuangjing , Liu Lipeng , Chen Hongjie
Published: January 2021

The selection of corrosion test method in the corrosion study of the prestressed anchors is an important issue. In this paper, the corrosion test of anchors was conducted with electrolytic corrosion test method. The corrosion characteristics of the anchor cables were examined. The effects of sodium chloride solution concentration, current, test time, and prestress level on corrosion were studied. The applicability of electrolytic corrosion method in anchor cable corrosion study is discussed subsequently. The results show that the corrosion of the anchor appears to be uniform corrosion. With the corrosion of the anchor, the central wire of the cable was basically not corroded, and the cross‐sectional shape of the outer wire changes from a round to fan shape. The sodium chloride concentration and prestress level have no obvious effects on the corrosion of the anchor. The variation of test time does not affect the difference between the measured and theoretical calculated results, while a proper current in the electrolysis test may help reduce the difference. The measured corrosion rate fluctuates from −4% to 10% and tends to be higher compared with calculated results based on Faraday’s law. The study indicates that the electrolytic corrosion test is applicable in the anchor corrosion study.
Rupture of Rudimentary Horn Pregnancy at 16 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Houmaid Hanane , Hilali Abderraouf
Published: January 2021

Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn is rare and a life-threatening. Rupture of pregnant rudimentary horn in the second trimester is a usual presentation. Early diagnosis and fast management are necessary to decrease the mortality and the morbidity of this pathological entity. This report confirms the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of the pregnant rudimentary horn. An emergency laparotomy was taken, and ruptured right rudimentary horn was diagnosed. A hemi-hysterectomy was carried out. The patient’s postoperative follow-up was uneventful, and she left the hospital 5 days after.
Improved Lightweight Cloud Storage Auditing Protocol for Shared Medical Data
Authors: Yang Haibin , Yi Zhengge , Wang Xu An , Su Yunxuan , Tu Zheng , Yang Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2021

Now, it is common for patients and medical institutions to outsource their data to cloud storage. This can greatly reduce the burden of medical information management and storage and improve the efficiency of the entire medical industry. In some cases, the group‐based cloud storage system is also very common to be used. For example, in an medical enterprise, the employees outsource the working documents to the cloud storage and share them to the colleagues. However, when the working documents are outsourced to the cloud servers, how to ensure their security is a challenge problem for they are not controlled physically by the data owners. In particular, the integrity of the outsourced data should be guaranteed. And the secure cloud auditing protocol is designed to solve this issue. Recently, a lightweight secure auditing scheme for shared data in cloud storage is proposed. Unfortunately, we find this proposal not secure in this paper. It’s easy for the cloud server to forge the authentication label, and thus they can delete all the outsourced data when the cloud server still provide a correct data possession proof, which invalidates the security of the cloud audit protocol. On the basis of the original security auditing protocol, we provide an improved one for the shared data, roughly analysis its security, and the results show our new protocol is secure.
Compaction Quality Inspection Method of Soil‐Rock Filled Embankment Based on Continuous Compaction Control Technology
Authors: He Zhuoling , Zhang Junyun
Published: January 2021

Affected by the site construction conditions, the measurement passes of the Taihang Expressway K8 + 105 ∼ K8 + 341 (K8 worksite) in the Taihang Expressway did not meet the requirements of data analysis, and the quantity of the control points was insufficient so that the linear correlation between the dynamic deformation modulus () and the vibratory compaction value (VCV) was not strong. Therefore, the target value of VCV cannot be used to diagnose the Ev d compaction quality of soil‐rock filler. This paper analyzes the roller measurement VCV value and in situ measurements Ev d value separately. Results reveal the difference between the VCV mean measured in the last two passes and the standard deviation of the measured VCV mean in the last pass are used as the main basis for the actual compaction quality. In addition, the Ev d mean in the last rolling can be used as an auxiliary judgment basis for the quality control of the compaction.
Morpholexical Processes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Artificial Word Learning
Authors: Ferman Sara
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the ability of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder and normal language (ALN) to learn artificial words, and to investigate their ability to use their knowledge of morphophonological patterns for this learning. Methods: Children with ALN and typically developing (TD) children, matched for cognitive and language measures, learned 8 artificial Hebrew words during two daily practice sessions by means of identification and naming tasks. Half the words were constructed from existing morphophonological patterns, and the other half were constructed from pseudo-morphophonological patterns. The two types of words allowed the investigation of the participants’ ability to use their knowledge of morphophonological patterns (morpholexical processes) for word learning. Both accuracy and speed were measured. Results: The ALN group improved incrementally at a rate (slope) similar to that of the TD group in identifying and naming the artificial words, in both accuracy and speed. However, the ALN group were slower than their TD peers in learning to identify the artificial words. Both groups demonstrated higher accuracy and faster speed in both tasks in learning the artificial words with existing morphophonological patterns than those with pseudo-patterns. However, this gap was smaller in the ALN group in the accuracy of naming and marginal in speed of identification. Conclusions: Children with ALN possess a lexical learning mechanism that is qualitatively not atypical but may be less efficient than that of their TD peers, including exploiting knowledge of morphophonological patterns – where such patterns exist – for word learning.
АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ НАСЛІДКІВ БОЙОВОЇ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ В УЧАСНИКІВ ОПЕРАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ СИЛ
Authors: Batulenko V. I. , Glynianiy Ya. S. , Shitikov T. O. , Bakaliuk T. H.
Published: January 2021

У статті описано результати застосування програм реабілітації з включенням мануальної терапії та рефлексотерапії у пацієнтів із наслідками черепно-мозкової травми. Підтверджено ефективність і безпечність мануальних маніпуляцій на хребцевих сегментах краніовертебрального переходу та багатоголкової терапії в даної групи пацієнтів.
ПЕРЕВAГИ І НЕДOЛІКИ ДИСТAНЦІЙНOГO НAВЧAННЯ В ЦІЛOМУ ТA ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ГІСТOЛOГІЯ, ЦИТOЛOГІЯ ТA ЕМБРІOЛOГІЯ»
Authors: Shuturma O. Ya. , Kramar S. B. , Nebesna Z. M. , Getmanyuk I. B.
Published: January 2021

Сучaсні реaлії життя вимaгaють ширoкoгo викoристaння дистaнційнoгo нaвчaння у ВНЗ Укрaїни, що має свoї перевaги тa недoліки. У стaтті описано oсoбливoсті виклaдaння дисципліни «Гістoлoгія, цитoлoгія тa ембріoлoгія» в умoвaх кaрaнтину. Бaгaтoрічний дoсвід викoристaння нoвітніх іннoвaційних технoлoгій у Тернoпільськoму нaціoнaльнoму медичнoму університеті імені І. Я. Гoрбaчевськoгo МОЗ України сприяв ефективній oргaнізaції дистaнційнoгo нaвчaння нa кaфедрі гістoлoгії тa ембріoлoгії. Викoристaння особистісного підхoду дo кoжнoгo студентa сприялo крaщoму зaсвoєнню нaвчaльнoгo мaтеріaлу. При викoнaнні індивідуaльних зaвдaнь студенти кoристувaлися мaтеріaлaми СДO Moodle ТНМУ, рекомендованими викладачем дoступними інтернет-джерелaми, друкoвaнoю літерaтурoю, щo дoзвoлилo їм oтримaти якісні та глибoкі знaння.
АНАЛІТИЧНА ХІМІЯ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ
Authors: Mykhalkiv M. M. , Ivanusa I. B. , Zahrychuk H. Ya.
Published: January 2021

Аналітична хімія належить до базових дисциплін у фармацевтичній освіті. Вона є підґрунтям для подальшого вивчення таких дисциплін, як фармацевтична хімія, токсикологічна та судова хімія, стандартизація лікарських засобів тощо, та передбачає формування умінь застосування одержаних знань для вивчення спеціальних дисциплін та у професійній діяльності. Навички виконання якісного та кількісного аналізу хімічними й інструментальними методами вкрай необхідні для подальшого успішного засвоєння фізичної та колоїдної, органічної, біологічної, фармацевтичної, токсикологічної та судової хімії, технології ліків й інших спеціальних дисциплін.

У рамках проєкту “New and innovative teaching methods in pharmacy” доценти Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України (ТНМУ) М. М. Михалків, І. Б. Івануса та Г. Я. Загричук відвідали Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie. Ми мали можливість відвідати кафедри, на яких навчаються студенти фармацевтичного факультету, та поспілкуватися із професорсько-викладацьким складом цих кафедр щодо методик викладання дисциплін, у тому числі й аналітичної хімії, та познайомитися із напрямками їх наукових досліджень.

В Україні, відповідно до навчального плану підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоровʼя», спеціальності 226 «Фармація, промислова фармація» (другий (магістерський) рівень вищої освіти), кваліфікації «Магістр фармації», аналітична хімія належить до нормативних навчальних дисциплін, а саме до циклу загальної підготовки. Дану дисципліну студенти вивчають на другому курсі навчання (3 та 4 семестри).

У Польщі, а саме в Люблінському медичному університеті до 2019 р. аналітичну хімію на фармацевтичному факультеті (спеціальність «Фармація») студенти вивчали також на другому курсі навчання (3 та 4 семестри), тоді як з 2019–2020 навчального року студенти вивчатимуть аналітичну хімію на першому курсі (2 семестр). Спільні підходи та відмінності у викладанні аналітичної хімії в Україні та Польщі наведено в даній статті.
An annotated list of moss species of Serbia
Authors: PANTOVIĆ JOVANA , VELJIĆ MILAN , GRDOVIĆ SVETLANA , SABOVLJEVIĆ MARKO  S.
Published: January 2021

Exploration of Serbian bryophyte flora considerably intensified during last decades, which brought valuable new data on species distribution for the country. Compiled chorological data from Bryo database allowed preparing updated list of moss species occurring in Serbia. Recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes were taken into account, and taxa critically approached. Total of 638 species and 35 infraspecific taxa are reported for the country. List of taxa includes data on their presence in separate regions and counties of the country.
First record of the invasive Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae) in Europe
Authors: RUZZIER ENRICO , MARTÍNEZ-MUÑOZ CARLOS A.
Published: January 2021

The lagriid beetle Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), an invasive species of African origin, is recorded for the first time in Europe. A single specimen was found in November 2020 in Turku (Finland) inside a box of table grapes from a local supermarket. This species, included in the EPPO Global Database and in the CABI Invasive Species Compendium, is widely recognized as a significant pest of crops.
Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Combined Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) and Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Peng Bo , Qiu Di , Wu Xiaogang
Published: January 2021

To efficiently treat landfill leachate, we prepared a new integrated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and oxidation technology. Our results, under organic loading rates of 2.0–2.3 kg COD/(m3 ·d), showed that through SMBR we can acquire removal efficiencies
of 91.2% and 87.3% for ammonia and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. A Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anode and stainless-steel cathode combination was engaged to carry out electrochemical oxidation of SMBR permeate. Ammonia and COD were removed after 3 h electrochemical
oxidation (at 40 mA/cm2 current density), and achieved 93.5% and 66.9% removal efficiency with activated carbon particle electrode introduced in the three-dimensional electrodes, respectively. The higher removal efficiency for ammonia nitrogen than COD can be rendered by excited
chloride ions, as they affect the competition between organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. Thus, SMBR combined with electrochemical oxidation possesses good prospects to be applied for efficient reduction of ammonia and COD in landfill leachates.
Sintering Properties of Magnetic Separation Nonferrous Metallurgical Tailings
Authors: Zhou Xiaolei , Zhang Chuang , Pu Song , Yang Kai , Shi Zhe
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the tailings produced by non-ferrous metallurgy were magnetically separated to obtain magnetic separation tailings. The sintering performance of magnetic separation tailings was studied by sintering cup experiment platform. In the research process, the differences in
sintering process of different magnetic separation tailings were compared, including vertical sintering speed, sintering coefficient, drum strength, finished product rate, end point temperature and other sintering indexes. At the same time, the obtained sinter was subjected to chemical analysis
to obtain its specific components. The influence of magnetic separation tailings with different contents on sintering was obtained by ore blending. The experimental results showed that the copper tailings are not sintered and the yield is only 0%. Tin tailings are not sintered and the yield
is only 22.30%. The aluminum tailings can be sintered into lumps with a yield of only 57.10%. As the proportion of magnetic separation tailings increases, the vertical sintering speed decreases, the sintering utilization coefficient decreases, the sinter drum index decreases, the yield decreases,
the sinter grade decreases, and the SiO2, S and P contents increase. In actual production, the proportion of magnetic separation tailings should be controlled below 10%.
Evaluation of Scoring Systems for Airway Management After Oral Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Umemura Eri , Hayashi Hiroki , Ito Yu , Adachi Moriyasu
Published: January 2021

Objective:

Postoperative airway obstruction following oral cancer surgery is difficult to predict. Scoring systems used to assess the need for tracheotomy use risk factors as criteria. We aimed to examine whether these clinical scoring systems can predict airway obstruction following oral cancer surgery.

Methods:

We assessed 95 patients who underwent oral cancer surgery without tracheotomy under general anesthesia between January 2007 and April 2019. We reviewed multiple factors from the patients’ medical records, including age, sex, tumor site, body mass index, tumor stage, type of surgery, airway management method, Cameron and Gupta scores, and postoperative airway complications.

Results:

Tumors were located in the maxilla ( n = 14), buccal mucosa ( n = 13), mandible ( n = 14), floor of the mouth ( n = 6), and tongue ( n = 48). Twenty-seven patients (28.4%) were graded as Stage 1, 37 patients (38.9%) as Stage 2, 9 patients (9.5%) as Stage 3, and 3 (3.2%) patients as Stage 4. Nine patients (9.5%) had local recurrences, and ten patients (10.5%) had neck metastases. Postoperative oxygen administration alone failed to improve dyspnea in 4 patients (4.2%). The median Cameron scores between patients with and without airway trouble were not significantly different ( P = 0.226). However, a significant difference was observed in median Gupta scores between patients with and without airway trouble ( P = 0.01). We created a receiver operating characteristic curve to predict postoperative airway trouble based on the preoperative Gupta score; the area under the curve was 0.856 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-1). A Gupta score cutoff value of 3.0 had a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 75.0%.

Conclusions:

Screening based on the Gupta score appears to be effective in predicting postoperative airway obstruction. We propose that this screening tool can be used to better plan tracheotomy and other airway management strategies during preoperative patient assessment.
Common Ownership and the Corporate Governance Channel for Employer Power in Labor Markets
Authors: Steinbaum Marshall
Published: January 2021

This article combines two relatively new subjects of antitrust scholarly interest: labor market power and corporate governance. In so doing, it speaks to a number of recent debates that have grown up both inside the scholarly antitrust literature and adjacent to it. First, this article interprets the shift in the balance of power within corporations favoring shareholders at the expense of workers, both in economic-theoretical and historical terms. Second, it lays out the role of shareholders and the common ownership channel as a vector for anticompetitive conduct arising between firms, not just within firms, thanks to profit maximization at the portfolio level rather than the firm level. Third, it evaluates the claim that employer market power has increased, relative to other current explanations for labor market trends. Fourth, it ties rising employer power in labor markets to the increasing significance of common ownership. And finally, it contends that antitrust is a suitable policy remedy to the dual problems of anticompetitive common ownership and increased employer power, provided it abandons the consumer welfare standard and instead elevates worker welfare to an equivalent juridical status.
Augmented system model-based online collaborative determination of lead–acid battery states for energy management of vehicles
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Huang Fei , Pan Bin , Li Yang , Liu Baijun
Published: January 2021

State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of batteries are the indispensable control decision variables for online energy management system (EMS) in modern internal combustion engine vehicles. The real-time and accurate determination of SOC and SOH is essential to the reliability and safety of EMS operation. Obtaining good accuracy for the SOC estimation is difficult without considering SOH because of their coupling relationship. Although several works on the joint estimation of SOC and SOH of lithium–ion batteries are available, these studies cannot be applied to lead–acid batteries because of the differences in physical structure and characteristics. This study handles the problem of modeling the relationship between SOC and SOH of lead–acid battery and their online collaborative estimation. First, the structure and control strategy of a bus-based EMS is discussed, and the improper energy control actions of EMS due to the inaccurate SOC estimation are analyzed. Second, an instantaneous correlation factor β for SOC and SOH is defined as a new state estimating variable, and the simplified linear relationship model between β and open circuit voltage is established through the battery experiments. Third, a discretized augmented system equation of β is deduced according to the relationship model and the Randles circuit model. The least square circuit parameter identification (LSCPI) algorithm is presented to identify the time-varying circuit model parameters, while the adaptive Kalman filter for augmented system (AKFAS) algorithm is employed to estimate β online. A collaborative estimation algorithm is proposed on the basis of the LSCPI and AKFAS to determine SOC and SOH of lead–acid battery in real time, and a demo intelligent battery sensor is developed for its implementation. The results of battery charging and discharging experiments indicate that the proposed method has high accuracy. The estimation accuracy of SOC of this method reaches 3.13%, which is 7% higher than that of the existing method.
Progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CFRPI-metal joint subjected to tensile loading at RT and 350°C
Authors: Zhu Yun-Tao , Xiong Jun-Jiang , Luo Chu-Yang , Du Yi-Sen
Published: January 2021

This paper outlines progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CFRPI-metal joints subjected to tensile loading at RT (room temperature) and 350°C. Quasi-static tensile tests were performed on screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint at RT and 350°C, and the load versus displacement curve, strength and stiffness of joint were gauged and discussed. With due consideration of thermal-mechanical interaction and complex failure mechanism, a modified progressive damage model (PDM) based on the mixed failure criterion was devised to simulate progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint, and simulations correlate well with experiments. By using the PDM, the effects of geometry dimensions on mechanical characteristics of screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint were analyzed and discussed.
The Immediate Effect of COVID-19 Policies on Social-Distancing Behavior in the United States
Authors: Abouk Rahi , Heydari Babak
Published: January 2021

Objective

Although anecdotal evidence indicates the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social-distancing policies, their effectiveness in relation to what is driven by public awareness and voluntary actions needs to be determined. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 6 most common social-distancing policies in the United States (statewide stay-at-home orders, limited stay-at-home orders, nonessential business closures, bans on large gatherings, school closure mandates, and limits on restaurants and bars) during the early stage of the pandemic.

Methods

We applied difference-in-differences and event-study methodologies to evaluate the effect of the 6 social-distancing policies on Google-released aggregated, anonymized daily location data on movement trends over time by state for all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 6 location categories: retail and recreation, grocery stores and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residences. We compared the outcome of interest in states that adopted COVID-19–related policies with states that did not adopt such policies, before and after these policies took effect during February 15–April 25, 2020.

Results

Statewide stay-at-home orders had the strongest effect on reducing out-of-home mobility and increased the time people spent at home by an estimated 2.5 percentage points (15.2%) from before to after policies took effect. Limits on restaurants and bars ranked second and resulted in an increase in presence at home by an estimated 1.4 percentage points (8.5%). The other 4 policies did not significantly reduce mobility.

Conclusion

Statewide stay-at-home orders and limits on bars and restaurants were most closely linked to reduced mobility in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the potential benefits of other such policies may have already been reaped from voluntary social distancing. Further research is needed to understand how the effect of social-distancing policies changes as voluntary social distancing wanes during later stages of a pandemic.
Juvenile Probation Supervision Contacts in a Reforming State: Rise of the Street-Level Expert?
Authors: Miller Joel , Harding Courtney S.
Published: January 2021

We examined juvenile probation officers’ use of evidence-based principles in routine supervision contacts in five counties of a reforming state, focusing on relationship quality, attention to criminogenic needs, and the use of structuring activities. We did this using ethnographic observations of 112 routine supervision contacts, supplemented by qualitative interviews and a practitioner survey. Analysis showed officers typically applied some evidence-based principles in supervision meetings, though encounters varied in their focus on rehabilitation, and whether rehabilitative work used specialized techniques. Variations were shaped by client circumstances and meeting contexts. They also reflected officers’ affinity for specialized approaches, with evidence suggesting the existence of a group of “experts” within the officer population committed to using specialized techniques. The presence of experts was related, in part, to offices’ leadership, organizational practices, and history with evidence-based reforms. Findings offer cautious optimism about the prospects for mainstreaming these evidence-based principles within community corrections agencies.
A Culture of Organizational Grit From the Perspective of U.S. Military Officers: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Luning Celeste Raver , Attoh Prince A. , Gong Tao , Fox James T.
Published: January 2021

With the backdrop of the utility of grit at the individual level, speculation has begun to circulate that grit may exist as an organizational level phenomenon. To explore this potential construct, this study used an exploratory, qualitative research design. This study explored grit at the organizational level by interviewing leaders’ perceptions of what may be a culture of organizational grit. Participants included 14 U.S. military officers. Seven themes emerged relative to the research question: “What do U.S. military officers perceive as a culture of organizational grit?” Themes included professional pride, team unity, resilience-determination, mission accomplishment, core values, growth mindset, and deliberate practice. This study indicated that a culture of organizational grit is likely a combination of converging organizational elements. Overall, findings indicate that there may be a culture of organizational grit in the military and at the least, more research examining the concept is warranted.
When “global talents” struggle to become local workers: The new face of skilled migration to corporate Japan
Authors: Hof Helena , Tseng Yen-Fen
Published: January 2021

Although more Japanese companies are recruiting foreign employees, few studies have paid attention to foreign workers’ struggles in the workplace and their perceptions of their career over the long term. This study qualitatively explores the experiences of Asian and European locally hired white-collar employees in Japanese firms. It finds that although their numbers are rising, foreigners struggle with Japanese firms’ expectations for foreigners to assimilate regardless of nationality or ethnicity. Overall, firms focus on the assimilation of foreign employees. Thus, while the migrants are hired as “global talents,” Japanese firms expect them to act like local workers.
Successful Hypoglossal Nerve Upper Airway Stimulator Implantation After Chemoradiotherapy for Oropharynx Malignancy Complicated by Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Hoshal Steven G. , Fuller Scott C.
Published: January 2021

This case demonstrates the first successful treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with hypoglossal nerve upper airway stimulation in a patient with prior radiation for oropharynx cancer complicated by osteoradionecrosis of the mandible.
The Consequences of Fickle Federal Policy: Administrative Hurdles for State Cannabis Policies
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Hannah A. Lee , Cunningham Gideon
Published: January 2021

Under the Controlled Substances Act (1970), the federal government classifies cannabis as a Schedule I drug with high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. Meanwhile, thirty-five states have defied federal prohibition and approved cannabis use for either medical or medical and recreational purposes. States are chipping away at War on Drugs policies with little clear guidance from the federal government. The starkly divergent approaches to cannabis regulation lead to administrative challenges for adopting states and the budding industry. We examine how the federal government’s rhetorical and regulatory fickleness on cannabis policy has led to several downstream administrative consequences in banking, taxes, social equity, and bankruptcy protections. We also discuss whether recent events like the coronavirus pandemic and more state adoptions can accelerate change at the federal level. Finally, we argue for additional research attention to cannabis policy by federalism and public administration scholars.
Marriage to the Same Kind: Organizational Political Ideology and Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Chow Dawn Yi Lin , Louca Christodoulos , Petrou Andreas P. , Procopiou Andreas
Published: January 2021

This study contributes to the growing literature on organizational political ideology by positing that acquiring firms choose targets with similar organizational political ideology in their effort to retain employees post-merger. Using a sample of M&A announcements in the United States from 1996 to 2014, we find a positive relationship between the similarity of political ideologies of the merging organizations and the likelihood of M&A announcement. In addition, we find that our main relationship is stronger the more homogeneous the organizational political ideology of the acquirer, and the more the human capital intensity of the merging firms. In addition, we find support for the proposed mechanism that drives the main relationship. We thus introduce the concept of organizational political ideology into the debate over the influence of organizational values in M&As, and we extend the theoretical application of political ideology to settings with inter-organizational partnerships.
The Role of Young Adult Children’s Income in the Relationship between Single Mothers’ Poverty and Their Young Adult Children’s Depression
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Allen Jennifer
Published: January 2021

This study examined the relationship between single mother’s poverty and their young adult children’s depression, and it examined the mediating effect of young adults’ income on the relationship. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) were used. A total of 4,224 dyads were selected and the mediation model was conducted. Single mother’s poverty was related to low income and depression among their young adult children. The relationship between mother’s poverty and their young adult children’s depression was partially mediated by their young adult children’s income. Poverty prevention or reduction programs for female-headed households should be provided to single mothers to reduce future levels of depression among their young adults. Improving inequality in intergenerational economic mobility is one way to address depressive symptoms among the young adult children of single mothers in poverty.
Proof of Concept: The Use of Whole-Slide Images (WSI) for Peer Review of Tissues on Routine Regulatory Toxicology Studies
Authors: Bradley Alys E. , Cary Maurice G. , Isobe Kaori , Naylor Stuart , Drew Stephen
Published: January 2021

This Proof of Concept (POC) study was to assess whether assessment of whole slide images (WSI) of the 2 target tissues for a contemporaneous peer review can elicit concordant results to the findings generated by the Study Pathologist from the glass slides. Well-focused WSI of liver and spleen from 4 groups of mice, that had previously been diagnosed to be the target tissues by an experienced veterinary toxicologic pathologist examining glass slides, were independently reviewed by 3 veterinary pathologists with varying experience in assessment of WSIs. Diagnostic discrepancies were then reviewed by an experienced adjudicating pathologist. Assessment of microscopic findings using WSI showed concordance with the glass slides, with only slight discrepancy in severity grades noted. None of the lesions recorded by the Study pathologist were “missed” and no lesions were added by the pathologists evaluating WSIs, thus demonstrating equivalence of the WSI to glass slides for this study.
Broadening perspectives on regional quarry-related studies
Authors: Michael Stewart R
Published: January 2021

Any productive or technological activity takes place in a social context and is embedded in a history of native practices, perceptions, and use of multiple landscapes. This paper explores topics that supplement and build upon technological and cultural historical approaches to quarry research. Briefly considered are: quarries as common ground and loci of group interaction; a taskscape/landscape approach to quarry selection and history of use; color and the selection of toolstone; and the relationship between settlement patterns, landscape learning, lithic preferences, quarry selection, social memory, and changing lithic technologies.
“The Migrated Others”: Mission as Practicing Compassionate Presence
Authors: Bangun Maraike Joanna Belle
Published: January 2021

One of the popular missional consensuses in the context of migration is seeing migrants as “moving targets” for evangelism. There is an urge to respond differently realising that migrants are not merely workers for economic welfare but persons created in the image of God. To reconstruct a model of mission that is embedded in the complex reality of migration, this paper will look into the details of three narratives of Indonesian and Filipino migrants who live and attend a Charismatic church in Sabah, Malaysia. It will give insights into the process of othering and discover the quality of compassion in their lives. Based on their experiences, I argue mission as a compassionate presence provides a sound theological basis for churches to respond to the continuous othering of migrants. It invites us to rethink evangelism, not solely as winning souls for Christ, but to embody Christ by being present.
Management of superficial venous thrombosis in unevaluated situations: Cancer, severe renal impairment, pregnancy and post-partum
Authors: Ghenassia-Fouillet Léa , Morel Antoine , Frappé Paul , Le Hello Claire , Lerche Vanessa , Sevestre Marie-Antoinette , Bertoletti Laurent
Published: January 2021

Background

Information is lacking as to the management of patients with superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) whose profile has been excluded from trials, such as patients with active cancer, severe renal impairment, or pregnancy.

Objectives

To describe the frequency and management of SVT occurring in these situations.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the frequency, management and evolution of all patients with isolated SVT associated with either active cancer, severe renal impairment, or pregnant or postpartum women, diagnosed in 2 university hospital between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016.

Results

Of the 594 isolated SVTs individualized from the 7941 reports screened, 149 SVTs (105 in the upper extremity, 44 in the lower extremity) were analyzed: 94 (63%) associated with active cancer, 27 (18%) with severe renal impairment and 30 (20%) pregnant or postpartum women. SVT was treated with anticoagulant in 34 (36%) patients with cancer, 3 (11%) patients with severe renal impairment and 19 (63%) pregnant or postpartum women. At 3-month, 16 patients (10.8%) had a further venous thromboembolic event, 8 (5.4%) major bleeding, and 9 (6.1%) died.

Conclusion

SVT in patients with active cancer, severe renal impairment and pregnant or postpartum women represents a quarter of isolated SVTs diagnosed. Heterogeneity of treatment patterns mainly affects patients with cancer and severe renal impairment. Poor outcomes, although probably linked to morbidity, call for dedicated research in these specific situations.
Performers of the night: Examining the mental health of electronic music artists
Authors: Kegelaers Jolan , Jessen Lewie , Van Audenaerde Eline , Oudejans Raôul RD
Published: January 2021

Despite growing popular interest for the mental health of electronic music artists, scientific research addressing this topic has remained largely absent. As such, the aim of the current study was to examine the mental health of electronic music artists, as well as a number of determinants. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, a total of 163 electronic music artists participated in this study. In line with the two-continua model of mental health, both symptoms of depression/anxiety and well-being were adopted as indicators for mental health. Furthermore, standardized measures were used to assess potential determinants of mental health, including sleep disturbance, music performance anxiety, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, occupational stress, resilience, and social support. Results highlighted that around 30% of participants experienced symptoms of depression/anxiety. Nevertheless, the majority of these participants still demonstrated at least moderate levels of functioning and well-being. Sleep disturbance formed a significant predictor for both symptoms of depression/anxiety and well-being. Furthermore, resilience and social support were significant predictors for well-being. The results provide a first glimpse into the mental health challenges experienced by electronic music artists and support the need for increased research as well as applied initiatives directed at safeguarding their mental health.
Return to Work After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Haunschild Eric D. , Gilat Ron , Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Fu Michael C. , Tauro Tracy , Forsythe Brian , Cole Brian J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Rotator cuff tears are a prevalent pathology in injured workers, causing significant economic ramifications and time away from work. To date, published articles on work outcomes after rotator cuff repair have not been cumulatively assessed and analyzed.

Purpose:

To systematically review reports on return to work after rotator cuff repair and perform a meta-analysis on factors associated with improved work outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of return-to-work investigations was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Individual studies reporting rates of return to previous work with level of evidence 1 to 4 were independently screened by 2 authors for inclusion, and study quality was assessed using the Methodologic Index for Non-randomized Studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Work outcome data were synthesized and analyzed using random effects modeling to identify differences in rates of return to previous work as a function of operative technique, work intensity, and workers’ compensation status.

Results:

Thirteen retrospective investigations comprising 1224 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair met inclusion criteria for this investigation. Across all investigations, a weighted average of 62.3% of patients returned to previous level of work at 8.15 ± 2.7 months (mean ± SD) after surgery. Based on random effects modeling, higher rates of return to previous work were identified with decreasing work intensity ( P < .001), while rates were similar between open and arthroscopic repair technique ( P = .418) and between workers’ compensation and non–workers’ compensation cohorts ( P = .089). All shoulder pain and functional outcome assessments demonstrated significant improvements at final follow-up when compared with baseline across all investigations.

Conclusion:

The majority of injured workers undergoing rotator cuff repair return to previous work at approximately 8 months after surgery. Despite this, >35% of patients are unable to return to their previous work level after their repair procedure. Similar rates of return to work can be anticipated regardless of workers’ compensation status and operative technique, while patients in occupations with higher physical intensity experience inferior work outcomes.