bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Resveratrol in Attenuating Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male adult Rats
Authors: Memon Dr. Shahnaz , Almani Dr. Sajjad Ali , Baloch Dr. Muhammad Saqib , Dr. Samreen Ali  , Talpur Tanveer Ahmed , Harender Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxyphenol plant toxin that alleviates oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels and prevents tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical methods in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar Albino rats.

Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, normal adult Wistar albino rats were recruited and distributed equally into; Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre and post-experimental body weight, analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology were carried out in all three groups. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the analysis of Data.

Results: A statistically significant decline in the body weight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While reduction in sperm count, motility and viability was observed in Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-B in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Evident changes were observed in the testicular histology of Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Irregular, regressive, and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-B. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-C while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly.

Conclusion: Resveratrol is a potent protective agent with promising results in attenuating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and eventually testicular toxicity.
Determination of Difficulty Index in End of Block Examinations of Preclinical Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Ifra Saeed  , Arsalan Manzoor Mughal  , Sidra Hamid  , Tehmina Qamar  , Ayesha Yousaf  , Aneela jamil
Published: March 2022

Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are considered a good choice for undergraduate formative assessment as they have higher reliability and are generally feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulty index of Multiple-Choice Questions in the end of block examination of preclinical undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University. End of Block assessment data was collected from Department of Medical Education, RMU. A total of 60 MCQs scores were randomly selected and the difficulty index was calculated after entering data in MS Excel. Data was then entered in SPSS version 24. Means and standard deviations of Difficulty indices were calculated and compared between first-year and second-year students by independent samples students t-test and between subjects by ANOVA.

Results: Out of 120 Multiple Choice Items analyzed, in the first year MBBS block exam, 30% were easy, 65% were acceptable and 5% were difficult. In the second year MBBS block exam, 36.67% were easy, 56.67% were acceptable and 6.67% were difficult. There was no significant difference (p=0.986) between the mean difficulty index of first-year MBBS students and second-year MBBS students. However, the mean difficulty index was highest in physiology (66.53 ± 16.262) followed by biochemistry (64.36 ± 16.756) and anatomy (54.80 ± 17.665), and the mean difference between the subjects was statistically significant (p=0.005). The mean difficulty index in first-year MBBS students was highest for Biochemistry followed by Physiology and Anatomy. In second-year MBBS students, the mean difficulty index was highest in Physiology followed by Biochemistry and Anatomy.

Conclusion: The difficulty index of Anatomy MCQs was lower indicating that the students find them more difficult than the other two subjects i.e., Physiology and Biochemistry in the first two years of their undergraduate medical studies.
Intussusception: Diagnosis and Management According to the Competence of Primary Service Doctors
Authors: Al Ammari Nazzirah , Lampus Harsali , Kurniawan Andreas
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Intussusception is defined as the invagination of a bowel segment into another. Intussusception can occur at any age but it is most common in children aged three months to two years. In children, the cause of intussusception is idio-pathic and is assumed to be associated with uncoordinated intestinal peristalsis or lymphoid hyperplasia, which may be due to gastrointestinal infection. Clinical findings include intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and red currant jelly stools. The diagnosis of intussusception is confirmed by using contrast enema, ultrasound, and CT-Scan. Improving condition must be done before performing a surgery. In conclusion, intussusception has a good prognosis with early diagnosis and treat-ment. Surgery is an option if the intussusception is followed with complication or if the enema reduction fails.Keywords: intussusception; invaginationAbstract: Intussusception is defined as the invagination of a bowel segment into another. Intussusception can occur at any age but it is most common in children aged three months to two years. In children, the cause of intussusception is idiopathic and is assumed to be associated with uncoordinated intestinal peristalsis or lymphoid hyperplasia, which may be due to gastrointestinal infection. Clinical findings include intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and red currant jelly stools. The diagnosis of intussusception is confirmed by using contrast enema, ultrasound, and CT-Scan. Improving condition must be done before performing a surgery. In conclusion, intussusception has a good prognosis with early diagnosis and treatment. Surgery is an option if the intussusception is followed with complication or if the enema reduction fails.Keywords: intussusception; invagination
Deep learning model for 3D profiling of high-aspect-ratio features using high-voltage CD-SEM
Authors: Sun Wei , Goto Yasunori , Yamamoto Takuma , Hitomi Keiichiro
Published: March 2022

High-aspect-ratio (HAR) channel holes were developed for competitive cost-per-bit 3D-NAND memory. High-throughput and in-line monitoring solutions for 3D profiling of the HAR features are the key to improving yields. We previously proposed an exponential model to identify the cross-sectional profile of the HAR features using backscattered electron (BSE) images of a high-voltage critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). However, the 3D profiling accuracy was insufficient when the depth of the HAR features was far greater than the focus depth of the electron beam. To address this issue, we developed a deep learning (DL) model, which takes account of the aperture angle and the aberration of the electron beam, to predict the 3D profile from BSE images. The predicted cross-sections of the HAR holes with different bowing geometries were compared with field-emission SEM measurements. The results show that the DL model provides higher sensitivity than the exponential model does.
Analysis and simulation of MOSFET-based gate-voltage-independent capacitor
Authors: Li Shuowei , Ojima Naoki , Xu Zule , Iizuka Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we analyze the gate capacitance of a MOSFET (Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) and propose a method of realizing the capacitance less dependent on the gate voltage. We analyze the mechanism of capacitance formation in the cases of short-circuiting the source and drain to the ground and floating them. The analysis also reveals the influence of channel length on gate capacitance. By floating the terminals of source and drain and tuning for an optimum channel length, the voltage dependence of the gate capacitance can be largely reduced. Simulation results verify our analysis, suggesting a possibility of applying a MOSFET capacitor for sample-and-hold circuits in analog-to-digital converters.
Substituição de restaurações de resina composta em incisivos superiores: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Machado Alexandre Coelho , Rezende Vilela Ana Laura , Melo Mesquita Caio , Silva Peres Thiago , Resende Allig Gabriela , Nishihara Pinto Rodrigues João Flávio , Rodrigues Reis Bruno , Oliveiros Cardoso Igor
Published: March 2022

As restaurações em resina composta têm sido a escolha em diversos tratamentos restauradores estéticos, pois possuem relativa simplicidade da técnica restauradora e suas propriedades ópticas se assemelham às da estrutura dentária. No entanto, as diversas etapas como adesão, inserção e manipulação da resina, acabamento e polimento, fotoativação e hábitos deletérios pós-operatórios do paciente, têm contribuído para trocas prematuras das restaurações em dentes anteriores. Dentre os principais fatores que podem ocasionar as substituições destas restaurações, destacam-se a fratura e critérios estéticos, como a pigmentação marginal e do material. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de substituição de restaurações nos dentes 11 e 21 com acompanhamento de 12 meses. Após a remoção das restaurações antigas, foi realizado preparo para auxiliar no mascaramento de leve alteração de cor, para em seguida, ser realizado o protocolo de adesão, estratificação das restaurações com resina composta e a finalização (acabamento e polimento). Após 12 meses de acompanhamento, houve necessidade de realizar o repolimento das restaurações. Conclui-se, que a utilização da resina composta permitiu um excelente resultado estético; e que o acompanhamento periódico é importante para evitar envelhecimento acelerado das restaurações.
Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by association of chemical desensitizing agents: a case report
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda Fróes , Oliveira Falyne Pinheiro de , Carvalho Carlos Rogério Pimenta de , Almeida Souza Torres Silvério , Barbosa Junior Edwaldo de Souza , Coelho Filho Deicola , Mendes Danilo Cangussu
Published: March 2022

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is an increasingly common complaint, especially among young people. It manifests as painful symptoms in areas of exposed dentinal tubules and is related to the patients' lifestyle. Aim: The present work aimed to address a protocol with chemical desensitizing agents in treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity. Case report: The treatment was performed in a 22-year-old female patient who presented as the main complaint a moderate to intense degree sensitivity in anterior and posterior teeth. In the 1st and 2nd week, a neural action desensitizer based on potassium nitrate (Ultra EZ™ - Ultradent Products Inc) was used, while in the 3rd and 4th week, a desensitizer with an obliterating action based on calcium phosphates (Nano P™ - FGM Dental Products) was chosen. In the 5th week, another chemical occlusal desensitizer agent was applied, the 5% sodium fluoride varnish (Enamelast™ - Ultradent Products Inc). Results: The patient was successfully treated by the associative technique through neural and blocker desensitizers obtaining effective pain control in a18-month follow-up. Conclusion: The associative technique of different chemical desensitizers has shown extremely satisfactory results, which can be confirmed in the present case report.
REFLEXOS DA COVID-19 NA EXECUÇÃO PENAL
Authors: SANTOS RAFAEL ADELINO GUIRRA , NERES ADELINA PRADO CALDAS , PEREIRA MARIA GABRIELLA ALVES
Published: April 2022

O Brasil vive, desde março de 2020, em estado de pandemia que evidenciou suas mazelas políticas, econômicas e, sobretudo, sociais. Com alto índice de contaminação, a COVID-19 chega ao sistema prisional brasileiro denunciando a sua fragilidade, sobrecarga e falta de políticas públicas que garantam efetivamente a dignidade do encarcerado. Este artigo objetiva, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, em analisar as estratégias implementadas pelo Conjunto Penal de Itabuna/Bahia, para evitar a contaminação em massa da população carcerária. Tem como recorte temporal o período de 18 de março a 05 de agosto de 2020. Verificou-se que, a despeito de toda a normatização e orientações para boas práticas nos presídios, a realidade exposta na Ação Coletiva de natureza humanitária examinada, revela que o presídio de Itabuna, mesmo estando longe de ter condições para manter a saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade, seja pela iminente necessidade de combate à COVID-19, seja pelo controle de outras doenças resultantes do confinamento, ou mesmo pela fata de condições básicas de saúde e higiene, tem conseguido implementar medidas no âmbito da execução penal que se revelaram parcialmente satisfatórias, dentro dos limites possíveis dessa esfera, sobretudo em relação à minimização da superlotação. Tais medidas tem impactos significativos não apenas para a segurança e bem-estar da população carcerária, mas também para a saúde de toda a população, extrapolando os limites internos do confinamento.
Characteristics of Rainfall in Dry and Wet Seasons in Iraq
Authors: Abdul Rahman Maisara Adnan
Published: March 2022

This research aims at making a comparative survey between the dry season in (2017-2018) and the wet season (2018-2019) in Iraq concerning the variation of rainfall and pressure systems responsible for such a difference. In this paper, seven climatological stations have been selected: Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin, Baghdad, Rutba, Diwaniyah and Basra. Results have shown that the first category of rainfall of the two seasons has recorded a higher number of rainy days in comparison with the second and third categories with a total of 274 day in a dry season and 403 day of a wet season. Further, the total amount of the annual continuous rain is higher than the total of thunderstorms in a dry season as well as in the majority of wet season stations except in Khanaqin, Baghdad. As for the highest daily precipitation, Kirkuk station has recorded 102.9 mm in a dry season, whereas Mosul station has recorded 308.2 in the wet season. It further occupied the highest monthly precipitation; it reached 291 mm in a dry season and 884.3 in a wet season. The study have found that El Nino phenomenon, which represents the negative values, has occurred during December and February while La Nina, which represents the positive values, has occurred during the rest of the year in the dry season. On the other hand, in wet seasons, the negative values (El Nino) continued for seven months while the positive ones (La Nina) continued for two months. Findings of surficial maps analysis have revealed that the highest overall frequencies and continuation have been for the Sudanese depression individually or jointly with the three categories of the dry season. Cold anticyclones and the Sudanese depression (individually or jointly) have recorded the highest frequencies, and continuation for the first category and the latter depression for the second and third categories of the wet season.
The Phonetic Connotation of the Appending Letter Alef in the Holy Qur’an
Authors: Sulttan Alqaseer Ebtisam Abdulhusayn
Published: March 2022

Appending is a morphological term which means the addition of one or two letters to a structure to be similar to other structures of well-known abstractor additional nouns and verbs constructions. The goal of appending is to organize what have been expanded linguistically and collect similarities to reduce the syntactic rules. This is because the appended word exists for expanding purposes; however, it has no construction of its own. An appending was included with another construction with mentioning the additional letter. This by itself means that appending as a process is a term that helps organize rather than expand language. Scholars further noticed that the appending letter is not semantically significant, and so it differs from the increasing letter (letters of sa’altomoniha).  However, since every addition in the structure has an additional meaning, the appending letter must have a benefit as well. Besides, the hypothesis here is having an audio suggestive connotation adds to the different lexical, contextual and figurative connotations of a word. This connotation is the connotation of multiplication, exaggeration and amplification of the appending letters in general, and the connotation of extension and lengthening in the letters of extension in particular. The approach adopted follows the words attached to the Holy Qur’an and the scholars’ sayings of appending descriptively and analytically.
Spatial Variation of the Manifestations of Visual Pollution in the Municipality of Shula
Authors: Al-Khazraji Helen Anwar Hassan , Talib Rafal Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

The research deals with the problem of visual pollution, as it is one of the most important urban problems that cities suffer from. The concept of visual pollution has recently emerged to describe the deformation and degradation of the urban environment. Visual pollution is defined as any component of the surrounding environment that is inconsistent and not homogeneous with its natural and human components. The volume of visual pollution has doubled due to the non-compliance with the laws, regulations and controls set by the Municipality of Baghdad by the citizens, and to the weak municipal role that the municipality plays in implementing these laws. Therefore, it has become necessary to know the manifestations of visual pollution and their geographical distribution, and the variations between the neighborhoods of the Shuala. The research has adopted the field work to document the manifestations of visual pollution through photography. It has further involved using a questionnaire that was distributed on a random stratified sample of (400 questionnaires) distributed among the four districts of Al-Shula, Al-Hurriya, Al-Harbiya, and Al-Abbasiya). The number of questionnaires for each neighborhood reached (100 questionnaires), to find out the various manifestations of visual pollution within the neighborhoods of Al-Shula. The spread of the manifestations of visual pollution in the municipality of Al-Shula is considered part of the daily life of the citizens. It has also found that some variables have effectively contributed to the spread of the phenomenon of visual pollution through the division of heterogeneous residential units and heights of the non-buildings.  Moreover, there have been signs of harmonization and the exploitation of balconies in a non-civilized manner and asymmetry of the urban fabric of Al-Shula.
Approaches of Artificial Regeneration of K. anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC in the Forest Massif of the South-West of Central African Republic
Authors: Deguene Bruce , Touckia Gorgon Igor , Yongo Olga Diane , Loumeto Jean Joël
Published: April 2022

In southwestern Central African Republic, natural stands of K. anthotheca are difficult to regenerate due to numerous pressures related to industrial exploitation and ethnobotanical uses. In order to identify the best approach for artificial regeneration of this species, two reproduction methods (seed sowing and cuttings) were evaluated. In particular, the effects of seed pre-treatment on germination and seedling growth as well as the effect of the type of cuttings on bud recovery and seedling growth of K. anthotheca were tested. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) was performed using XLSAT 2008 software. From the results obtained, the control seeds of K. anthotheca were significantly more successful (64.44±7.33%) compared to the pre-treated seeds (F= 2.261 and p= 0.001). Seedlings from control seeds grew faster than from pre-treated seeds with a highly significant difference (F=10.690 and p=0.000). The wild type cuttings were more successful (55.33±7.39%) than the cuttings from the seeds (11.92±0.75%) with a highly significant difference (p=0.0001). All seedlings from basal cuttings died after budding. Overall, the control seeds of K. anthotheca had the highest success rate (64.44±7.33%) followed by the wild type cuttings (55.33±7.39%). Artificial regeneration of K. anthotheca could be done by sowing the seeds without pre-treatment and cutting the wildings. However, further investigations on the survival of seedlings in the field is needed to determine the most viable option for planting.
Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocin of Bifidobacterium longum against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Nyoto Abigail , Amarantini Charis , Budiarso Tri Yahya , Prakasita Vinsa Cantya
Published: April 2022

Salmonella typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis. Until now, antibiotics have been used to treat gastroenteritis. Nowadays, some antibiotics have become resistant to a variety of pathogens. Therefore, alternative treatments based on natural ingredients need to be explored. Lactic acid bacteria, or so-called probiotics, that are naturally found in human digestion have been studied for their antibacterial properties, such as bacteriocins. The purpose of this study is to see if bacteriocin from Bifidobacterium longum FNCC 0210 has any inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 in vitro. Bacteriocin was extracted from B. longum as cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) in MRS broth, which was neutralized at pH 6.5 with 1 N NaOH and heated at 100°C for 10 minutes. The antibacterial assay of B. longum bacteriocin against S. typhimurium was performed with the agar-well diffusion method with concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25% (v/v), and determined based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition (mm). The results of the tests revealed that B. longum CFCS 100% (v/v) had the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium with intermediate category. This study provides information on the ability of B. longum bacteriocin that has antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens.
The Challenges of Afro-Caribbean and African American Diasporas within the Celebrated Lynching Mechanisms in the New Status as Sub-Set of Human Beings 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Fonju Dr. Njuafac Kenedy
Published: April 2022

The present paper brings out clear evidence of what constitute the essential challenges of Afro-Caribbean and African American challenges and popular slogans from the late 19th to the mid- 20th Centuries which actually de-humanised the Black race whose ancestors were harshly used as slaves in the opening and development of the Americas plantations between 1619 and 1850. In spite of their long efforts in the struggle for racial equality and granting of full civil rights, different secret societies were formed alongside open police actions to frequently terrorised other races in the American Continent. The phenomenon became wide spread across the 20th Century which also suffered from the aftermaths of the two world Wars while prominent African Americans also kept American authorities busy in their struggle to end segregationist practices of the Century. Our findings show that police kill African Americans more than twice as often as the general population. Across all racial groups, 65.3 percent of those killed possessed a firearm at the time of their death. In addition, Millions of African Americans live in communities that lack access to good jobs and good schools and suffer from high crime rates. African American adults are about twice as likely to be unemployed as whites, black students lag their white peers in educational attainment and achievement, and African American communities tend to have higher than average crime rates. These issues have been persistent problems. A bronze statue called ‘Raise Up’, part of the display at the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, a memorial to honor thousands of people killed in lynchings, in Montgomery, Alabama. Therefore, the scrutiny of specialized sources and other related documentations enable us to use historical analytical methods to bring out evidences as changed of status from slavery to Afro-Caribbean and African America path the way forward to legalized segregationist system.
To Determine the Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features, Bacteriological, Radiological Features of Community Acquired Pneumonia and its Complications
Authors: Dhedeepyaa Dr. Kothapally Sai , Kumar Dr. K. Ramesh , D Dr. Ranganath , Hussain Dr. Mohd Ansar , Reddy Dr. G. Shreya
Published: April 2022

Community acquired pneumonia is one the most common acute infections requiring admission in hospital. It is major cause of mortality and morbidity. Incidence of community acquired pneumonia is increased with age, Smoking and Diabetes. Communtiy acquired Pneumonia with Parapneumonic effusion is common feature. High index of suspicion, good clinical examination and necessity intervention in ICU are life saving with low mortality. We made an attempt to understand the mode of presentation, its clinical features, bacteriological and radiological features for the early detection of disease and emphasis is given to know causative agent and its complications.
The Prevalence of Fetal Growth Restriction in Pre-Eclampsia Patients Kustia Medical College and Hospital
Authors: Sarkar Dr. Monorama , Biswas Dr. Bipul Kumar , Akhtar Dr. Jesmeen , Sultana Dr. Mst. Jesmin
Published: April 2022

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the prevalence of fetal growth restriction in pre-eclampsia patients Kustia Medical college and hospital. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to 1st May 2019. A total of 312 with complicated pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia were included as sample populations. During data collection, severe pre-eclampsia was defined according to the ACOG guidelines were followed. Results: During the study, majority were belonging to 18-21 years age group. 96.15% patients were housewife and 48.72% patients just passed their secondary level of educations. 73.3% cases were 35-37 weeks of gestational age. According conditions they were faced where 48.07% patients undergone disturbance of sleep followed by 48.07% cases face oedema of leg, 46.47% had headache, 48.71% had Epigastria pain, 9.62% had eye symptoms. Conclusion: While severe early-onset pre-eclampsia is a rare pregnancy complication, concurrent FGR complicates a large proportion. In terms of clinical reassurance, the presence of FGR was not related with a more severe maternal pre-eclamptic presentation in our group, but it was associated with newborn mortality. The precise underlying aetiology that results in their common appearance is still being studied.
Study on Repeat CT Scans in the Traumatic Brain Injury Management
Authors: Bhuiyan Dr. Tofael Hossain , Sultana Dr. Hafiza , Moktadir Dr. Md. Ruhul , Rahman Dr. Md. Taifur
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In recent trauma practice, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan is the initial study of choice to regulate the type, extent and severity of traumatic brain injury as well as to control the management protocol. There are no guidelines on the necessity of repeat CT scan. Objective: Our main aim in this present study was to determine whether serial CT scans demonstrated momentous change from the findings in the first CT scan and whether repeat scans had influence on management possibilities. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Neurosurgery, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, from January 2016 to June 2017 where 80 patients’ data were evaluated on the basis of their history, clinical examination. On admission, a detailed history of the illness was taken from the patient or attendant, thorough neurological and general examinations were carried out, and findings of the performed investigations were recorded. On admission GCS were recorded. Result: In the study, out of all patients of group I maximum 40% patients belonged to 25 to 34 years age range and in group II maximum 35% belonged to 25 to 34 years age group. Also group I, 95% were male and 5% were female and in group II, 92.5% were male and 7.5% were female. Conclusion: From our result, we can conclude that for detecting new lesions or enlargement of existing lesions in traumatic brain injury repeat CT scans were found to be of significance which results in changing of management in a substantial percentage of patients.
Seroprevalence of HIV Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in General Hospital Kumo, Gombe State Nigeria
Authors: JO Ajobiewe , HF Ajobiewe , CD Ajobiewe , NA Yashim , C Oguji , AA Ogundeji , II Sidi , PO Omogah
Published: April 2022

Seroprevalence of HIV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Kumo General Hospital was studied in 350 sera. The sera were obtained from women of different age group, occupation, social background including tradition (by tradition we mean people’s ways of life common in that locality). Screening was carried out using Abbot determine test strips and Gene 11 HIV 1 and 2. The Bio-data information of the women was gathered through questionnaire administration. Out of the 350 sera collected, 12(3.4%) were reactive for HIV. There was high prevalence among age group 21-30 (2.1%) followed by age group 11-20 (0.9%). High prevalence was also observed among the unemployed pregnant women (2.1%). Women who had no risk factor were also noted to have had high prevalence (1.7%); Spouses of seropositive pregnant women and those with no risk factor had 42% and (33%) prevalence respectively.
An Interesting Case of Acute Chorioretinitis Due to Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Vendhan Dr. K. Ezhil , Gautam Dr. Aparajita , Logesh Dr. Harshitha S , Balakrishnan Dr. Kamala
Published: April 2022

Ocular Toxoplasmosis is a recurrent and progressive necrotizing retinitis that can cause blindness. In most cases, it manifests as a localised retinochoroidal lesion and is the most prevalent cause of posterior uveitis worldwide. Ocular infection is relatively common, with the majority of cases being asymptomatic. As a result, it's important to draw attention to this blinding disease that might go undetected, as well as the preventative actions that can be taken to avoid vision impairment. We report a case of a 35 years old female came with complaints of defective vision in both eyes for past 2 months which was acute in onset and painless in nature. There was history of similar episode 1 year back with no history of any treatment taken and there was a history of eating undercooked meat in the past. Right eye fundus showed a typical headlight in the fog appearance and left eye fundus showed exudative sheathing of vessel wall and multiple pigmented old retinochoroidal scars. Blood investigation showed elevated total count and an elevated ESR level. Peripheral smear report suggested dimorphic anemia and thrombocytosis. Antinuclear antobody- positive.Toxoplasm igG antibody- 511.90IU/ml (positive for toxoplasmosis).
Preference of Types of Oil for Oil Massage among Infant Caregivers
Authors: Al-Amin Dr. Abu Naser Mohammad , Ghosh Dr. Ashis Kumar , Zannat Dr. Ismot Ara , Panna Dr. Marufa Akter
Published: April 2022

Background: Since time immemorial, most Asian cultures have practiced baby massage.[1],[2] Studies employing massage alone as a kind of tactile stimulation or massage with some type of vegetable oil revealed the effect of massage on development in preterm newborns.[1] Depending on area availability, several oil-based formulations have been utilized.[2] However, the oils utilized may range from possibly useful to potentially poisonous. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was conducted to observe the preference of different oil types among the caregivers for infant massage. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Out Patient Department of Pediatrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year, from July 2010 to June 2011. All the mothers/caregivers of infants who attended Pediatric OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka during the study period were initially selected for this study. Result: The mean ±SD age of the babies was 6.04+3.97 months. The age range of the babies was 8 days-12 months. Fifty-four (37.0%) participant babies were in age group 9-12 months, 52(35.6%) babies in age group 0-4 months and 40(27.4%) in age group 5-8 months. Among the participants 82 (56.9%) babies were male and 62 (43%) babies were female. The male-female ratio is 1.3:1. Majority of the caregivers found no problem with massage oil (94.44%). Rashes developed in 3(2.08%) cases, vomiting in 2(1.39%) cases and fever in 2(1.39%) cases and cold in 1(0.69%) case. Conclusion: The study showed a preference of using mustard oil for oil massage among participants. Most of the infants received oil massage twice or thrice daily.
Anatomical Measurement of Kidneys, Liver and Spleen by Ultrasonography among Children 6 months to 15 Years Old
Authors: Hossain Dr. Md. Alamgir , Rafy Dr. Md. Kamrul Hasan , Rahman Dr. Afsana , Akter Dr. Aliza , Sharif Dr. Rashed Md.
Published: April 2022

Objective: In this study our main objective is to develop a standard chart of anatomical measurement value of kidneys, liver and spleen by ultrasonography in children age group, so that Sonologist can use this chart as a standard reference of pediatrics age group. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Patuakhali Medical College Hospital, Patuakhali. 100 patients were enrolled in this study aging between 6 months to 15years-visiting the outpatient and inpatient department of pediatrics of this college for different health problems. In this study 6months to 1year old children regarded as Group-1(n=7), 1years to 5 years old children regarded as Group-2(n=31), 5years to 10 years old children regarded as Group-3(n=51) and 10 years to 15 years old children regarded as Group-4(n=11). Result: In group -1 and group-4 majority children were male and in group -2 and group-3 majority children were female. Assessments of size of liver, both kidneys and spleen according to age and gender-shows more significant variation of size with the variation of age, less significant variation of size with gender and between left and right kidneys. In Age Group-1: Male -Liver span varies from 4.56 cm to 8.02 cm, Spleen 4.59x3.38 cm to 6.40 x3.45cm, Right kidney 5.11x2.20cm to 6.45x3.14 cm, Left kidney 5.04 x1.82cm to 6.02x3.03 cm. Female- Liver span varies from 4.2 cm to 7.6cm, Spleen4.68x1.6cm to 6.68 x3.02cm, Right kidney 5.1x2.58 cm to 5.59x2.67 cm, Left kidney4.96 x2.67 cm to 5x2.68 cm. In Age Group-2: Male-Liver span varies from 6.45 cm to10.2 cm, Spleen 5.71x3.29 to7.56x4.46cm, Right kidney 5.51x2.42 cm to 6.88x3.1cm, Left kidney 5.15x319 cm to7.21x3.43cm. Female- Liver span varies from 7.17 cm to10.5 cm, Spleen 5.29x3.12cm to 7.74x4.99 cm, Right kidney 5.55x3.19cm to 8.08x2.91cm, Left kidney 4.96x2.67 cm to 8.86x3.74 cm. In Age Group-3: Male-Liver span varies from 7.65 cm-11.8 cm, Spleen4.42x3.95 cm to 9.45cm x4.68cm, Right kidney 6.79x2.73cm to 9.11x3.76 cm, ..........
Ptosis Repair with Additional Blepharoplasty
Authors: Qurban Qirat , Kamil Zeeshan , Mahmood Khalid
Published: March 2022

Purpose:  To share the results of Levator resection with additional blepharoplasty in patients with ptosis.
Study Design:  Interventional case series.
Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at Khalid eye clinic, Karachi, from January 2019 to June 2019.
Methods: We recruited twelve patients belonging to either gender with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years. Patients with moderate to severe ptosis with fair to good Levator function were included in the study. Whereas, patients with previous history of eyelid procedure or any bleeding diathesis were excluded. All patients were briefed about the study dynamics and complete ocular examination along with ptosis evaluation were performed. Levator resection was done with additional blepharoplasty. The amount of skin removal was solely dependent upon the surgeon’s clinical judgment. Main outcome measure was cosmetic appearance by assessing the vertical fissure height as compared to the contra lateral eye, and the amount of overhanging skin at the lid crease as judged by the patients and the oculoplastic surgeon.
Result:  This study included thirteen eyes of both genders with a mean age of 23.7±4.19 years. Twelve out of thirteen eyes had a satisfactory final cosmetic appearance, and were also graded as excellent by another oculoplastic surgeon. One patient required revision of surgery for the overhanging skin at the lid crease.
Conclusion:  Additional blepharoplasty with Levator resection can be a good option for ptosis correction and it provides a good aesthetic appearance.
Key Words:  Ptosis, Levator resection, Blepharoplasty.
Delayed Surgical Management of the Patients with Chronic Dacryocystitis: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Batool Bazla , Iqbal Usama , Iqbal Hamza , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Jabran Aamna
Published: March 2022

Purpose:  To determine the factors that cause delay in Dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis.
Study Design:  Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study:  Ophthalmology Department DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from February 2021 to May 2021
Methods:  Sixty five ophthalmologists were included in this study. Questionnaire was designed on Google Forms and it composed of four parts. First part included the title and purpose of this study. Second part included professional information regarding qualification and place of practice. Third part included 18 questions that were divided in three sub-sections in terms of factors related to the patient (5 questions), ophthalmologist (9 questions), and health resources provided (4 questions). Responses were recorded in yes/no answers.  Last part comprised of blank space for remarks. The electronic link of questionnaire was shared with the participants of ophthalmology educational groups on WhatsApp, Facebook and E-mail. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.00 software and results were derived based on questionnaire.
Results:  Out of 65 ophthalmologists, 48 (72.7%) agreed that patients suffered from delay in surgical management. Among the hospital related factors, 45 (69.23%) ophthalmologists believe that busy Out patient department accounted for most of the delay. Among patient related factors, 51 (78.46%) ophthalmologists were of the view that patients took the disease lightly as it was not vision-threating. Forty one ophthalmologists (63.07%) reported that there was lack of surgical exposure during training years to learn DCR.
Conclusion:  There are various patient related, surgeon related and hospital related factors which play a significant role in delay of surgical management of chronic dacryocystitis.
Key Words:  Dacryocystitis, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Epiphora.
Effect of Pupil Dilation on Ocular Biometric Measurements in High Myopes
Authors: Haider Nida , Parveen Nighat , Rani Sadaf , Hussain Anwar Sarfraz
Published: March 2022

Purpose:  To determine the effect of pupil dilation on different biometric measurements of eye in high myopes.
Study Design:  Descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of Study:  The study was carried out eye out-patient department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore from August 2018 to December 2018.
Methods:  We recruited 72 (144 eyes) young, non-cataractous myopes of -6 diopters or more (mean spherical equivalent -7.41 ± 1.35) and age above 15 years (range 15 – 38 years). Sampling was based on non-probability convenient sampling whereas those with any ocular pathology and history of surgery were excluded. Biometric measurements were taken with non-contact biometer Len Star (LS900) with Haigis formula used for IOL power calculation, before and after pupil dilation  Data was analyzed on SPSS (v25) and P < .001 was taken as significant.
Results:  Mean axial length (AL) difference between pre- and post-dilation was -0.006 ± 0.17 (p = 0.66), mean central corneal thickness (CCT) difference was -1.70 ± 8.95 (p = 0.024), mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) difference was -0.018 ± 0.04 (p = 0.001), mean lens thickness (LT) difference was 0.001 ± 0.53 (p = 0.81), mean Keratometry difference was 0.0013 ± 0.14 (p = 0.91), mean white to white (WTW) difference was 0.003 ± 0.01(p = 0.67) and mean IOL power difference was 0.000 ± 0.22 (p = 1.00). Bland Altman plots were drawn to indicate the 95% limits of agreement between pre- and post-dilation measurements.
Conclusion:  There was a statistically significant difference between pre and post dilation measurements of ACD but no clinically significant change was noted in IOL power calculations indicating that pupil dilation does not affect the biometric measurements.
Key Words:  Biometry, Len Star, Myopia, Axial length, Anterior chamber depth.
عناية الرسل -عليهم الصلاة والسلام- بأولادهم في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: شواهنة حمزة
Published: March 2022

تعدّ الأسرة النواة الأولى لبناء المجتمع، ويعتبر الأولادُ رجال َالمستقبل، وهذا يستوجب مزيد عناية بالأولاد، وإن العلاقات القائمة بين الرسل عليهم السلام مع أولادهم تُعدّ منهجاً تربوياً متكاملاً في تربية الأبناء؛ كونها صادرة عن أفضل البشر.

      ولذا جاء هذا البحث لدراسة هذا الموضوع التربوي، وهو عناية الرسل عليهم السلام بأولادهم، وكيف تمّ تناوله في الآيات الكريمة، وذلك وفق المنهجين الاستقرائي والاستنباطي.

     ويهدف البحث إلى إبراز اعتناء القرآن الكريم بموضوع عناية الرسل عليهم السلام بأولادهم، وبيان أساليب تلك المعاملة، وتسليط الضوء على النصوص الشرعية التي اهتمت بهذا الجانب؛ وذلك لاستنباط أنجع الأساليب في إصلاح الذرّية.

    وتتجلّى أهمية الدراسة أنها عرضت موضوعاً من الموضوعات القرآنية التي لم يُكتب فيها بشكل مستقل على شكل رسالة جامعية أو بحث محكّم، وذلك حسب اطلاع الباحث، ناهيك عن كثرة المخاطر التي تهدّد أبناء المسلمين في هذا الزمان، فضلاً عن تفشي ظاهرة الإهمال التربوي.

     وقد تبيّن مكانة نعمة الأولاد في الإسلام، وضرورة العناية بتربيتهم، ولا أدلّ على ذلك من بيان القرآن الكريم لمكانة هذه الهبَة الربانية، وذكره لعناية الرسل عليهم السلام بهذه النعمة.
التَّمثيل والتَّخييل في تفسير أبي السعود دراسة تحليلية ونقد
Authors: حقي عائشة , أبو زيد نايل
Published: March 2022

تعالج هذه الدراسة استعمال لفظتي (التَّمثيل، والتَّخييل) في تفسير (إرشاد العقل السليم إلى مزايا الكتاب الكريم) المسمى بتفسير أبي السعود من خلال استعمال هاتين اللفظتين عند هذا العالم الجليل دراسة تحليلية قائمة على التحليل والنقد البناء. 

وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة لتركز على استخراج تطبيقات عملية عند أبي السعود من خلال تفسيره في استعماله لمصطلح التخييل والتمثيل، ومدى صواب هذا الاستعمال في نماذج، منها: مسألة أخذ العهد على الذرية والإشهاد بالربوبية، ومسألة عرض الأمانة على السماوات والأرض والجبال، ووصف جهنم بالقول وإسناد القول إلى الأرض والسماوات، وغيرها من المسائل مع ترجيح مذهب السلف بذلك مع الدليل.
مَنْهج النَّقْد الفِقْهِي عِند الإمامِ النَّوَوي من خِلال كتابه المجموع
Authors: الحمودي هند , العيساوي اسماعيل
Published: March 2022

نسعى في هذا البحث للكشف عن ملامح المنهج النقدي، عند الإمام النووي من خلال كتابه المجموع. فنَسْتَفْتِحه بتمهيد عن حياة الإمام ومكانته العلمية، يليها ثلاثة مباحث نروم من خلالها بيان مفهوم وحقيقة النقد الفقهي، مروراً بأنواعه وأغراضه، وانتهاء بالجانب التطبيقي بإبراز الأدوات التي استعان بها الإمام في نَقَداته، وما سبق جاء مقروناً بالنماذج والتطبيقات التي تُثْبت كيف سار وبماذا استعان النووي في نقده.

    ومن خلال استقراء انتقادات النووي بأنواعها، تتجلى جهوده في خدمة المذهب الشافعي والعناية به تصحيحاً وتقويماً، بكل ما يتمتع به من عقلية فقهية فذَّة، حيث أحكم وأجاد وفق نسق منهجي متكامل.
اعتبار المآل عند الإمام الجويني وتطبيقاته في السياسات المالية للدولة من كتاب "غياث الأمم في التياث الظلم"
Authors: المطوع مها , الزنكي نجم الدين
Published: March 2022

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تأصيل (اعتبار المآل) عند الإمام الجويني، واستشفاف تطبيقاته في السياسة المالية للدولة من خلال كتابه "غياث الأمم"، متبعة منهجاً استقرائياً استنباطياً مقارناً، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الجويني يرى باعتبار مآلات الأفعال؛ إذ بدت كتاباته في العلل الشرعية، ومقاصد الأحكام، ناطقة بذلك، كما صرح في كثير من عباراته بألفاظ تدل على اعتداده بما يؤول إليه الفعل من جلب مصلحة أو دفع مفسدة، وما يتوقع في المستقبل على ضوء ما هو واقع في حقيقة الأمر، واستعرض في كتابه "غياث الأمم" فقهاً تطبيقياً لأصل اعتبار المآل، تعرض البحث إلى أهمها وأبرزها دلالة على تمسك الإمام بهذا الأصل، ففي الوقت الذي آثر فيه معاصرو الإمام الخوض في الحديث عن الأحكام المتعلقة بالسياسة العامة مع التحفظ، اقتحم الجويني الباب، وكتب في الأحكام السياسية، وما يتعلق بشؤون الدولة الخارجية والداخلية، ومنها القضايا المالية، وما يتعين على ولي الأمر من ضمان ملاءة بيت مال المسلمين في وقتي الرخاء والشدة، وفي حالتي العجز والوفرة، وكل ذلك بناء على اعتبار ما هو واقع حالاً وما هو متوقع مآلاً.
EFEK PAPARAN RADIASI PENGION TERHADAP JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PEKERJA DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT DI KUPANG, NTT
Authors: Selly Jannes Bastian , Roga Anderias Umbu , Berek Noorce Christiani
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

 

LATAR BELAKANG : Pekerja pada instalasi radiologi rumah sakit, memiliki resiko terpaparan radiasi pengion selama bekerja. Radiasi pengion berpotesi menyebabkan ionisasi dalam tubuh, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi pekerja. Salah satu upaya untuk meminimalisir resiko paparan radiasi adalah dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala.

 

TUJUAN : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentikasi efek dari paparan radiasi, khususnya radiasi pengion yang diterima selama bekerja terhadap jumlah leukosit pekerja

 

METODE : Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 orang pekerja pada instalasi radiologi di 3 rumah sakit di Kupang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan. Variabel bebas (X) dalam, penelitian ini adalah dosis paparan radiasi dalam satuan milisievert (mSv), sedangkan variabel terikat (Y) adalah jumlah leukosit darah pekerja 

 

HASIL :  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan paparan radiasi terhadap jumlah leukosit pekerja pada instalasi radiologi menurut persamaan  dengan p-value 0.001 dan R2 = 0.455

 

KESIMPULAN : Paparan radiasi pengion yang diterima oleh pekerja memberikan dampak sebesar 45.5% terhadap penurunan jumlah leukosit sebesar 0.03 , setiap peningkatan 1 unit dosis.

 

Kata Kunci    : Dosis paparan radiasi, instalasi radiologi, leukosit, pekerja radiasi, radiasi pengion
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGGUNAAN SHOULDER BAG DENGAN KEJADIAN TRAPEZIUS MYALGIA
Authors: Ramadhini Amira Alya Cendekia , Adji Raden Mas Soerjo , Kesoema Tanti Ajoe , Wajdi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

LATAR BELAKANG : Trapezius Myalgia merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi yang meningkat, khususnya pada kelompok usia produktif (15-64 tahun). Di Indonesia kasus trapezius myalgia kurang mendapat perhatian karena kurangnya publikasi dan sering tidak terdiagnosis. Trapezius Myalgia terjadi karena kurangnya oksigen pada otot trapezius sehingga memicu metabolisme anaerobik dan menyebabkan pelepasan mediator nyeri. Beberapa faktor risiko diyakini dapat menimbulkan trapezius myalgia, antara lain jenis kelamin, beban berat, gerakan repetitif, postur, dan bekerja dengan komputer. Penggunaan shoulder bag termasuk pembebanan yang bersifat statis dan dilakukan terus menerus sehingga dapat memicu trapezius myalgia.

 

TUJUAN : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag dengan kejadian trapezius myalgia pada pekerja di Toko Ananda Pojok Semarang.

 

METODE : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode cross-sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer berupa hasil pengisian kuesioner Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) dan palpasi menggunakan algometer manual. Sejumlah 54 pekerja wanita di Toko Ananda Pojok menjadi subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 30 pengguna shoulder bag  dan 24 subjek tidak menggunakan shoulder bag. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji Pearson Chi-Square.

 

HASIL :  Dari hasil kuesioner NMQ, sebanyak 30 orang (55,6%) memiliki masalah pada leher, 35 orang (64,8%) memiliki masalah pada bahu, 30 orang (55,6%) memiliki masalah pada trapezius bagian atas, dan 20 orang (37%) memiliki masalah pada trapezius bagian bawah. Uji Korelasi Pearson Chi-Square pada penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia menunjukkan hasil  p = 0,036 (p<0,05) yang berarti signifikan atau menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia.

 

KESIMPULAN : Terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan shoulder bag terhadap kejadian trapezius myalgia.