bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emotional Bank Account and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in Romantic Relationships of People With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Dyadic Observational Study
Authors: Beeney Joseph E. , Hallquist Michael N. , Scott Lori N. , Ringwald Whitney R. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Lazarus Sophie A. , Mattia Alexis A. , Pilkonis Paul A.
Published: April 2019

Few studies have examined behaviors in romantic relationships associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We assessed critical variables from marital research: the emotional bank account (positive-to-negative behaviors) and the four horsemen of the apocalypse (criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling). Couples ( N = 130, or 260 participants) engaged in a conflict task and reported relationship satisfaction at intake and 12 months. Clinician-rated BPD and avoidant PD (APD) criteria were examined. People with more BPD symptoms and their partners were less satisfied, which worsened by follow-up. Conflict behaviors partially explained these associations. Partners of people with more BPD symptoms had a worse emotional bank account, which then predicted (a) poorer satisfaction for both members and (b) worsening partner satisfaction. People with more BPD symptoms criticized more; their partners defended and stonewalled more. APD predicted worsening satisfaction. BPD appears to link specifically with relationship dysfunction, partly through associations with partner behavior.
Cognitive Modeling Suggests That Attentional Failures Drive Longer Stop-Signal Reaction Time Estimates in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Weigard Alexander , Heathcote Andrew , Matzke Dóra , Huang-Pollock Cynthia
Published: April 2019

Mean stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) is frequently employed as a measure of response inhibition in cognitive neuroscience research on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, this measurement model is limited by two factors that may bias SSRT estimation in this population: (a) excessive skew in “go” RT distributions and (b) trigger failures, or instances in which individuals fail to trigger an inhibition process in response to the stop signal. We used a Bayesian parametric approach that allows unbiased estimation of the shape of entire SSRT distributions and the probability of trigger failures to clarify mechanisms of stop-signal task deficits in ADHD. Children with ADHD displayed greater positive skew than their peers in both go RT and SSRT distributions. However, they also displayed more frequent trigger failures, which appeared to drive ADHD-related stopping difficulties. Results suggest that performance on the stop-signal task among children with ADHD reflects impairments in early attentional processes, rather than inefficiency in the stop process.
Not So Different? Student and Professional Perceptions of Mobile Phone Etiquette in Meetings
Authors: Towner Emil B. , Everett Heidi L. , Klemz Bruce R.
Published: April 2019

Previous studies have noted the difficulties students have in understanding and adapting to professional workforce policies, especially mobile device usage and e-etiquette. This study focuses on determining how closely students and working professionals align in their perceptions of appropriate mobile phone usage during business meetings. After comparing the 476 student responses from our survey with a previous study, we found that student and professional perceptions aligned frequently; however, gender, age, and year in school influence student perceptions. The article concludes with suggestions for teaching and future research.
Quantifying the magnitude of pharyngeal obstruction during sleep using airflow shape
Authors: Mann Dwayne L. , Terrill Philip I. , Azarbarzin Ali , Mariani Sara , Franciosini Angelo , Camassa Alessandra , Georgeson Thomas , Marques Melania , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Messineo Ludovico , Redline Susan , Wellman Andrew , Sands Scott A.
Published: April 2019

Rationale and objectives

Non-invasive quantification of the severity of pharyngeal airflow obstruction would enable recognition of obstructiveversuscentral manifestation of sleep apnoea, and identification of symptomatic individuals with severe airflow obstruction despite a low apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI). Here we provide a novel method that uses simple airflow-versus-time (“shape”) features from individual breaths on an overnight sleep study to automatically and non-invasively quantify the severity of airflow obstruction without oesophageal catheterisation.

Methods

41 individuals with suspected/diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (AHI range 0–91 events·h−1) underwent overnight polysomnography with gold-standard measures of airflow (oronasal pneumotach: “flow”) and ventilatory drive (calibrated intraoesophageal diaphragm electromyogram: “drive”). Obstruction severity was defined as a continuous variable (flow:drive ratio). Multivariable regression used airflow shape features (inspiratory/expiratory timing, flatness, scooping, fluttering) to estimate flow:drive ratio in 136 264 breaths (performance based on leave-one-patient-out cross-validation). Analysis was repeated using simultaneous nasal pressure recordings in a subset (n=17).

Results

Gold-standard obstruction severity (flow:drive ratio) varied widely across individuals independently of AHI. A multivariable model (25 features) estimated obstruction severity breath-by-breath (R2=0.58versusgold-standard, p<0.00001; mean absolute error 22%) and the median obstruction severity across individual patients (R2=0.69, p<0.00001; error 10%). Similar performance was achieved using nasal pressure.

Conclusions

The severity of pharyngeal obstruction can be quantified non-invasively using readily available airflow shape information. Our work overcomes a major hurdle necessary for the recognition and phenotyping of patients with obstructive sleep disordered breathing.
Circulating free DNA concentration as a marker of disease recurrence and metastatic potential in lung cancer
Authors: Mirtavoos‐Mahyari Hanifeh , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Khosravi Adnan , Motevaseli Elahe , Esfahani‐Monfared Zahra , Seifi Sharareh , Salimi Babak , Oskooei Vahid Kholghi , Ghadami Mohsen , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2019

Background

Plasma circulating cell‐free (cf) DNA is regarded as a source of tumor DNA. Based on availability of blood tissue for the purposes of early detection of cancer and patients’ follow‐up, several studies have evaluated concentration of cf DNA in cancer patients in association with tumor features. In the present study, we assessed concentration of cf DNA in lung cancer patients with two commercial kits (MN and QIAGEN) to find whether it can be used as a prognostic biomarker.

Results

Primary cf DNA concentrations as measured by QIAGEN kit was significantly higher in patients who died in the follow‐up period compared with alive patients (P = 0.007). Moreover, the concentrations as measured by both methods were higher in patients who experienced recurrence in the follow‐up period compared with patients without recurrence (P = 0.008 and 0.007 for MN and QIAGEN kits respectively). Significant associations were also found between cf DNA concentrations and tumor stage (P = 0.005 and 0.02 for MN and QIAGEN kits respectively). Notably, cf DNA concentration was higher in metastatic tumors compared with non‐metastatic tumors in association with number of involved organs. Based on the AUC values, both kits could differentiate metastatic cancers from non‐metastatic ones with accuracy of 98%.

Conclusions

The current study highlights the accuracy of cf DNA concentrations for prediction of disease course in lung cancer patients.
What is the Smallest Earthquake Magnitude that Needs to be Considered in Assessing Liquefaction Hazard?
Authors: Green Russell A. , Bommer Julian J.
Published: April 2019

Probabilistic assessments of the potential impact of earthquakes on infrastructure entails the consideration of smaller magnitude events than those generally considered in deterministic hazard and risk assessments. In this context, it is useful to establish if there is a magnitude threshold below which the possibility of triggering liquefaction can be discounted because such a lower bound is required for probabilistic liquefaction hazard analyses. Based on field observations and a simple parametric study, we conclude that earthquakes as small as moment magnitude 4.5 can trigger liquefaction in extremely susceptible soil deposits. However, for soil profiles that are suitable for building structures, the minimum earthquake magnitude for the triggering of liquefaction is about 5. We therefore propose that in liquefaction hazard assessments of building sites, magnitude 5.0 be adopted as the minimum earthquake size considered, while magnitudes as low as 4.5 may be appropriate for some other types of infrastructure.
Impacts of Simulated M9 Cascadia Subduction Zone Motions on Idealized Systems
Authors: Marafi Nasser A. , Eberhard Marc O. , Berman Jeffrey W. , Wirth Erin A. , Frankel Arthur D.
Published: April 2019

Ground motions have been simulated for a magnitude 9 (M9) Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake, which will affect the Puget Lowland region, including cities underlain by the Seattle, Everett, and Tacoma sedimentary basins. The current national seismic maps do not account for the effects of these basins on the risk-targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER). The simulated motions for Seattle had large spectral accelerations (at a period of 2 s, 43% of simulated M9 motions exceeded the MCER), damaging spectral shapes (particularly at periods near 1 s), and long durations (5%–95% significant durations near 110 s). For periods of 1 s or longer, the resulting deformation demands and collapse likelihood for four sets of single-degree-of-freedom systems exceeded the corresponding values for motions consistent with the conditional mean spectra at the MCER intensity (MCER). The regional variation of damage was estimated by combining probabilistic characterizations of the seismic resistance of structures and of the effective spectral acceleration, Sa,eff, which accounts for the effects of spectral acceleration, spectral shape, and ground-motion duration. For high-strength, low-ductility systems located above deep basins ( Z2.5 > 6 km), the likelihood of collapse during an M9 earthquake averaged 13% and 18% at 1.0 s and 2.0 s periods, respectively. For low-strength, high-ductility systems, the corresponding likelihoods of collapse averaged 18% and 7%.
Interperiod Correlation Model for Mexican Interface Earthquakes
Authors: Jaimes Miguel A. , Candia Gabriel
Published: April 2019

This article presents a correlation model for pseudo-acceleration, peak ground acceleration, and peak ground velocity residuals using a database of Mexican subduction interface earthquakes at rock sites (NEHRP Class B). A mixed-effect regression model, a ground motion model, and 40 event recordings (418 records) with moment magnitude between five and eight were used to develop a magnitude-independent correlation model. This region-specific model yields consistently higher correlation values compared with similar studies developed for shallow crustal regions and other subduction zones worldwide, particularly for pseudo-acceleration values at distant periods. These results support the idea of using a region-specific and mechanism-specific correlation model for Mexico's subduction zone.
Higher incubation temperatures produce long-lasting upward shifts in cold tolerance, but not heat tolerance, of hatchling geckos
Authors: Abayarathna Theja , Murray Brad R. , Webb Jonathan K.
Published: April 2019

Heatwaves are a regular occurrence in Australia, and are predicted to increase in intensity and duration in the future. These changes may elevate temperatures inside lizard nests, shortening the incubation period, so that hatchlings are more likely to emerge during heatwaves. Potentially, developmental plasticity or heat hardening could buffer hatchings from future warming. For example, higher incubation temperatures could shift critical thermal maxima upwards, enabling lizards to withstand higher temperatures. To investigate whether developmental plasticity affects hatchling thermal tolerance, we incubated eggs of the velvet gecko Amalosia lesueurii under two fluctuating incubation treatments to mimic current (mean=24.3°C, range 18.4–31.1°C) and future ‘hot’ (mean=28.9°C, range 19.1–38.1°C) nest temperatures. We maintained the hatchlings under identical conditions, and measured their thermal tolerance (CTmax) aged 14 days and 42 days. We then released hatchlings at field sites, and recaptured individually marked lizards aged 6 months, to determine whether incubation induced shifts in thermal tolerance were transitory or long-lasting. We found that at age 14 days, hatchlings from hot-temperature incubation had higher CTmax [mean=39.96±0.25°C (s.d.)] than hatchlings from current-temperature incubation [mean=39.70±0.36°C (s.d.)]. Hatchlings from the current-incubation treatment also had significantly higher heat hardening capacity [mean=0.79±0.37°C (s.d.)] than hatchlings from hot-temperature incubation treatment [mean=0.47±0.17°C (s.d. )]. However, both of these incubation-induced effects did not persist into later life. By contrast, incubation treatment had significant and long-lasting effects on the cold tolerance of hatchlings. At age 14 days, current-incubated hatchlings tolerated colder temperatures [CTmin=11.24±0.41°C (s.d.)] better than hot-incubated hatchlings [CTmin=14.11±0.25°C (s.d.)]. This significant difference in cold tolerance persisted into the juvenile life stage, and was present in 6-month-old lizards that we recaptured from field sites. This finding indicates that upward shifts in cold tolerance caused by higher incubation temperatures might affect overwinter survival of lizards, but field studies linking fitness to thermal tolerance are necessary to test this idea. Overall, our results suggest that developmental plasticity for heat tolerance is unlikely to buffer lizard populations from higher temperatures.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
НРАВСТВЕННАЯ САМОДИАГНОСТИКА В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ОПТИКЕ
Authors: Malieva Tatiana Ivanovna , Totrova Zalina Hazbiyevna
Published: April 2019

Самодиагностика – необходимый этап в развитии личности независимо от времени, места и пространства. Этим определяется историко-философский срез данной проблемы в качестве темы исследования.Цель статьи – анализ нравственной самодиагностики в исторической оптике, что предполагает рассмотрение следующих аспектов проблемы: какова специфика постановки этого вопроса в истории философии, зачем человеку необходима нравственная самодиагностика, чем определяется сложность и трудность данной процедуры, какова роль религии в решении этой проблемы.Методы исследования – аналитический, сравнительно-исторический.Результаты. Понятия – самопознание, самооценка и самодиагностика, несмотря на сходство, различаются по смыслу. Самопознание своей целью имеет знание человеком своих особенностей, в основном морфологических. Самооценка нацелена на осознание индивидом своего «Я» в русле социально-нравственных нормам. Самодиагностика направлена на оценку личностью своей духовной зрелости. В истории философии эта проблема преимущественно рассматривалась как антитеза личности и общества, эгоизма и альтруизма. Христианство предложило иное измерение личности, а именно: способность индивида к принятию Бога. Нравственность и духовность не отождествлялись, но рассматривались как ступени духовной зрелости индивида.Выводы. 1. Созидающие человека факторы не равноценны, решающим является сам человек, ставя самого себя объектом критического анализа. 2. Самопознание, самооценка, самодиагностика различаются по смыслу, как телесное, социально-нравственное и духовное. 3. Самопознание, самооценка и самодиагностика – ступени духовной зрелости человека.
Fundamentals of human security sociology
Authors: Вражнова Марина , Vrazhnova Marina , Терновая Людмила , Tyernovaya Lyudmila
Published: April 2019

The training manual reveals the reasons for the expansion of the security space, the formation of its new dimension, associated with increasing threats to the security of the individual as a basis for personnel security. The main directions of the institutionalization of personal security and the approval of its legal foundations are analyzed, and the specific features of personnel security of certain categories of employees are revealed. The manual is intended for teachers and students studying in the specialties "Personnel Management", "Human Development Management", "Project Management" and "Organization Management".
Significados la muerte e inmigración en la película Biutiful
Authors: Petrescu Olivia Narcisa
Published: April 2019

Starting from the hermeneutics of the plot identifiable in the movie Biutiful, directed by the Mexican Alejandro González Iñárritu in 2010, our study aims to analyse the multicultural connections among the characters, in terms of their tragic destinies, of the death, illegal immigration and poverty in an unusual framework as it is that of a sordid and marginal Barcelona.Even if the story concerns only a film, one could embody multiple intertextual references which allude to fantasy literature. Besides, the harsh reality and the anxieties experienced by the main protagonist establish a credible insight of some real ethnic, social and spiritual phenomena, specific for XXI century Europe, but also universal for all ages of humanity. From this perspective, our exegesis is meant to be a cultural interpretation of the life-death significance, as perceived through three crisscrossing communities in the motion picture: the Spanish, Chinese, and Senegalese communities, which metaphorically represent three very different continents and cultures.
Herramientas discursivas y comunicacionales del discurso político. El caso de las campañas electorales españolas
Authors: Varchetta Jacopo
Published: April 2019

The existing literature on political parties describes election campaigns as the mechanism by which candidates and parties compete in order to reach and obtain political power. Such campaigns are characterized by a series of formal, organizational and communicative activities, they represents indeed candidates and party leader's effort in order to obtain as many votes as possible. Today campaigns represent a new type of political marketing, a set of technical research, planning, management and communication used in a set of strategic actions. The article aims to analyze the main discursive and communicative tools used in Spanish political campaigns propaganda, emphasizing those strategies related with media and storytelling.
La literatura como impronta en la conformación de la historia
Authors: Garnica Jacqueline Murillo
Published: April 2019

This article proposes to highlight the importance and influence of the literary gatherings of Domingo Del Monte in the formation of a national identity originated by nineteenth century Cuban literature. Its relevance consists in how this movement has been fundamental in laying the foundations of a national consciousness and served as platform based on the narrative as testimony in the context of a colonialist situation that prevailed in the isle of Cuba in the nineteenth century. The Del Monte literary gatherings were responsible for the support of a small group of writers and accomplished a representation of a certain sector of minorities of color, not in the sense of being subject to studies, but conferring them a featured place in Cuban literature, because of their literary value and testimonies of reality. The relationships that were built between history and literature left a permanent mark in the Cuban anti-slavery narrative.The relation developed in the investigation between history and literature formed the basis of the study and analysis that had its genesis in the investigative work leading to a dissertation in Spanish and Hispanic American literature.
España y Cataluña: historia de un desencuentro (1700-2017)
Authors: Girón Garrote José
Published: April 2019

Desde la unión dinástica de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón en 1479, las relaciones siempre han sido complejas. A partir de 1715, España intentó construir un Estado centralizado, chocando con las tradiciones históricas, políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales de Cataluña. En el artículo se aborda el análisis sintético de dieciséis temas concretos a lo largo de trescientos años. A través de ellos se pueden estudiar las cuestiones de discordia entre ambas comunidades, desde los Decretos de Nueva Planta de 1715 hasta el reciente intento frustrado de independencia de octubre de 2017.
América Latina según Whitney y Disney. El cine interamericano de la Política de Buena Vecindad en los años 1930 y 40
Authors: Lénárt András
Published: April 2019

La representación de otras naciones en el cine estadounidense se ha adherido siempre a las líneas generales de la política exterior del país. En cuanto a América Latina –a lo largo del siglo XX–, la aparición de los latinos en el cine de Hollywood también dependía de las relaciones diplomáticas vigentes entre las dos regiones. En mi artículo presento los aspectos cinematográficos de la nueva actitud de los EE.UU. hacia América Latina en los años 30 y la primera mitad de los 40, dentro del marco de la Política de Buena Vecindad, formulada por el presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt. En esta misión tenía un papel clave John Hay Whitney, director de la División Cinematográfica de una oficina especializada (OIAA), contando con el apoyo de varios cineastas famosos, entre otros, Walt Disney.
Ser “carioca” / ser “fluminense”: la creación de identidades por las fronteras político-administrativas en el espacio sudamericano
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Augusto César
Published: April 2019

La creación de las identidades territoriales dase desde una historicidad espacial asociada a los movimientos político-administrativos y económicos en el tiempo y el espacio. Una de las características más destacadas de esta creación es la frontera, un mecanismo de límite y definición de proyectos de política territorial, cuyos agentes pueden y deben ser identificados en las investigaciones académicas de las ciencias sociales y políticas. La ciudad-estado Río de Janeiro, en Brasil, posee una historia bastante sui generis en relación a la creación de sus identidades expresadas no solamente en sus distintos territorios sino en perspectivas antropológicas y sociológicas diferenciadas, con fuerte impacto espacial. El ser “carioca” o ser “fluminense” en Brasil implica condiciones espaciales que refuerzan la idea de que hoy, frente a la metropolización en el mundo, las fronteras territoriales necesitan ser revisadas y repensadas para que una nueva condición de pertenencia a los territorios sea creada y fortalecida para la calidad de vida en ambientes demográficamente millonarios de las grandes metrópolis del mundo.
Browsing and Experiencing Repositories of Spatially Oriented Historic Photographic Images
Authors: Bruschke Jonas , Maiwald Ferdinand , Münster Sander , Niebling Florian
Published: April 2019

Many institutions archive historical images of architecture in urban areas and make them available to scholars and the general public through online platforms. Users can explore these often huge repositories by faceted browsing or keyword-based searching. Metadata that enable these kinds of investigations, however, are often incomplete, imprecise, or even wrong. Thus, retrieving images of interest can be a cumbersome task for users such as art and architectural historians trying to answer their research questions. Many of these images, often containing historic buildings and landscapes, can be oriented spatially using automatic methods such as “structure from motion” (SfM). Providing spatially and temporally oriented images of urban architecture, in combination with advanced searching and exploration techniques, offers new potential in supporting historians in their research. We are developing a 3D web environment useful to historians enabling them to search and access historic photographic images in a spatial context. Related projects use 2D maps, showing only a planar view of the current urban situation. In this paper, we present an approach to create interactive views of 4D city models, i.e., 3D spatial models that show changes over time, to provide a better understanding of the urban building situation regarding the photographer’s position and surroundings. A major feature of the application is to make it possible to spatially align 3D reconstruction models to photogrammetric digitized models based on historical photographs. At the same time, this mixed methods approach is used for validation of the 3D reconstructions.
Can We Predict Maxillary Sinus Mucosa Perforation?
Authors: Kasabah Samer , Krug Jiří , Šimůnek Antonín , Lecaro Miguel Cevallos
Published: April 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of sinus mucosa perforation occurred during maxillary sinus mucosa elevation surgery, its relation to objective conditions and to the causative medical history, and its influence on postoperative sinusitis, as well. One hundred and forty-six sinus lift procedures have been evaluated in 118 patients. The prevalence of the sinus mucosa perforation was evaluated and subdivided into four groups according to its size and way of treatment. No relation was observed between the perforation and the presence of sinus septa, smoking, radiographic thickening and cyst-like lesions of the maxillary sinus, and previous sinus allergy (P<0.05). Despite of high prevalence of the perforation of the mucosa (56.16%), no signs of bone graft infection or maxillary sinusitis were noted in any of our patient.
Posttranslational modifications and proteinopathies: how guardians of the proteome are defeated
Authors: Olzscha Heidi
Published: April 2019

Protein folding is one of the fundamental processes in life and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Many cellular quality control systems are in place to ensure that proteostasis is optimally adjusted for a changing environment, facilitating protein folding, translocation and degradation. These systems include the molecular chaperones and the major protein degradation systems, namely the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. However, the capacity of the quality control systems can be exhausted and protein misfolding and aggregation, including the formation of amyloids, can occur as a result of ageing, mutations or exogenous influences. There are many known diseases in which protein misfolding and aggregation can be the underlying cause of the pathological condition; these are referred to as proteinopathies. Over the last decade, it has become clear that posttranslational modifications can govern and modulate protein folding, and that aberrant posttranslational modifications can cause or contribute to proteinopathies. This review provides an overview of protein folding and misfolding and the role of the major protein quality control systems. It focusses on different posttranslational modifications and gives examples of how these posttranslational modifications can alter protein folding and cause or accompany proteinopathies.
Usefulness of transcutaneous bilirubin assessment measured in non-photo-exposed skin to guide the length of phototherapy: an observational study
Authors: Castro Abdón , Zozaya Carlos , Cuesta Mª Teresa , González Marina , Villar Gema , Alcaraz Andrés
Published: April 2019

Background

Transcutaneous bilirubinometers are a non-invasive tool to estimate serum bilirubin. However, once on phototherapy (PHT) and after PHT, its usefulness is precluded. The objective of this study was to prove the hypothesis that transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) assessment in a covered skin area during PHT could be used to guide the duration of PHT in term and moderate-late preterm infants with non-isoimmune hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods

A small area of parasternal skin was covered before starting on PHT. Total serum and TcB (both in exposed and non-exposed areas) were determined before starting treatment, every 12 h once on PHT and 12 h after its discontinuation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired mean differences between TcB and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were calculated. Bland-Altman plots were obtained. The percentage of correct treatment decisions made based on non-exposed TcB values was calculated.

Results

During PHT, there was a relatively good correlation between TSB and non-exposed TcB (0.74) estimates, in contrast to exposed TcB estimates (0.52). However, even when comparing non-exposed TcB with TSB, there was a wide range of agreement limits (−3.8 to 4.6 mg/dL). Decisions based on non-exposed TcB values would have been incorrect in 26.6% of the cases.

Conclusion

Although there is a relatively strong correlation between total serum and TcB in non-PHT-exposed regions, the difference is not narrow enough to be utilized in guiding clinical decisions on the duration of PHT.
Reflections on the relation between direct/indirect methods and explicit/implicit attitudes
Authors: Pharao Nicolai , Kristiansen Tore
Published: April 2019

The paper discusses the relation between direct/indirect methods and explicit/implicit attitudes against the background of how the issue of consciousness (or awareness) is understood and treated in a great deal of research. We focus on the use of techniques that purport to probe the implicit language attitudes held by respondents, and discuss some recent suggestions to modifications of traditional indirect methods. Our main point is that the use of indirect methods does not per se tap into implicit language attitudes in the sense of unconscious language attitudes. In that regard, aspects of how the indirect elicitation is designed and conducted are of pivotal importance. Our insistence on adding the consciousness perspective to the methods-and-attitudes issue derives from our experiences with describing and explaining the recent radical linguistic transformation (homogenization) of the Danish language and speech community. We have found unconscious attitudes – or what we prefer to call subconsciously offered attitudes – to have been a main driving force in that transformation. In investigations with other research interests than sociolinguistic change, an insistence on the importance of securing subconsciously offered attitudes in addition to the consciously offered ones may be of less relevance.
Solvent issues in the Baylis-Hillman reaction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and 5-glucosyloxymethyl furfural (GMF). Towards no-solvent conditions
Authors: Wang Lianjie , Tan Jia-Neng , Ahmar Mohammed , Queneau Yves
Published: April 2019

The possibility to apply solventless conditions for the Baylis-Hillman reaction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and its glucosylated analog, glucosyloxymethyl furfural (GMF) has been investigated. This study shows that highly functionalized adducts can be obtained in fair to good yields, under the conditions combining the renewability of the substrates, the straightforwardness of the strategy, and the lowered cost and toxicity of the solvent conditions. The issue of the polarity of the furanic substrate is addressed by comparing HMF with furfural and GMF.
Radiation effects of nuclear physics rays on hepatoma cells
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Cong Lu , Guerrero-Sánchez Yolanda
Published: April 2019

The traditional method of cloning formation is used to study the radiation effect of nuclear physics rays on hepatoma cells, and the results obtained are not reliable. Therefore, a new method of studying the radiation effect of nuclear physics rays on hepatoma cells is proposed. PCC method is used to study the radiation effect of γ-rays on hepatoma cells. Radiation effects of X-rays on hepatoma cells were studied by radionuclide formation assay, neutral comet electrophoresis and γH2AX focal detection. The results showed that the survival curves of HepG2 hepatoma cells irradiated by γ-rays were well fitted by linear squares. There was a linear relationship between the survival rate and irradiation dose of HepG2 hepatoma cells irradiated by γ-rays. HepG2 hepatoma cells showed strong tolerance to X-ray irradiation, and the positive rate of γH2AX cells reached 100% in each dose group only 0.5 h after X-ray irradiation.
Synthesis and molecular structure of [Rh(η
5-C5H5)(coe)(PtBu2H)] (coe=cis-cyclooctene)
Authors: Böttcher Hans-Christian , Mayer Peter , Beck Daniel
Published: April 2019

The synthesis and structural characterization of the new olefinic complex [Rh(η
5-C5H5)(coe)(PtBu2H)] (2, coe = cis-cyclooctene) is reported. The title compound was easily prepared in good yield by a thermolytic approach using [Rh(η
5-C5H5)(coe)2] (1) and the secondary phosphane in toluene under reflux conditions. The compound 2 has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and microanalysis. Single crystals of 2 were grown from n-hexane and the molecular structure has been established by X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Silver Doped Polyvinyl Acetate/Graphene Nanocomposites: A Novel Humidity Sensor
Authors: Khan Hizb Ullah , Jan Muhammad Tariq , Iqbal Mahmood , Shah Mutabar , Ullah Inam , Khan Jehangeer , Mahmood Kalsoom , Niaz Abdul , Tariq Muhammad
Published: April 2019

In the present study, we have synthesized conducting polymer nanocomposites consist of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), graphene, and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by UV/Vis, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM techniques. SEM images showed that AgNPs and graphene sheets are well dispersed in the PVAc matrix. The electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites were examined using the impedance analyzer instrument. It was ascertained that polymer composite containing silver nanoparticles and graphene exhibit higher conductivities. The PVAc-AgNPs/Graphene nanocomposite was also used as potential conducting materials for humidity measurement.
Analysis of an Unusual Failure in a Brazed Tube Assembly
Authors: Capo Jerry C. , Bagnall Chris , Moorhead Walter J.
Published: April 2019

A tube assembly with a through-wall fracture at a brazed bracket joint was investigated to determine the cause for component failure. The product was made from 1008 cold-rolled steel sheet, shaped into 12.7-mm diameter tubing and seam welded axially. The material was manufactured and shipped as a straight tube. During component manufacture, an approximately 650-mm length of the tubing was bent at two locations to form an “S”-shaped component. Four different mounting brackets were then brazed onto it. The fully assembled part fractured adjacent to one of the brackets, within the “S”-bend of the tube assembly, prior to entering service. Failure analysis revealed that premature fracture was related to excessive infusion of copper into the tube wall along grain boundaries. Metallography of tube sections demonstrated exposure of the joint to excessively high temperature, sufficient to cause partial dissolution of some grains. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the braze metal appears to be a copper-manganese (Cu-Mn) base alloy. The widespread intergranular dispersion of braze metal in the tube wall adjacent to the brazed bracket indicated excessive temperature exposure and liquid metal embrittlement. Possible causes for the anomalies observed at the bracket braze failure site are discussed.
Utility of Stereology for Quantitative Metallography
Authors: Gokhale Arun M.
Published: April 2019

Metallographers typically characterize microstructure observed in two-dimensional (2D) metallographic sections through the three-dimensional (3D) material microstructure, although 3D microstructure governs material properties. Stereology utilizes statistics and stochastic geometry to relate important properties of 3D microstructure to the measurements that can be performed in 2D metallographic sections. Furthermore, stereology provides statistical techniques for unbiased sampling and characterization of microstructure observed in 2D metallographic sections. Consequently, stereology is a useful tool for metallographers. Two important stereological techniques that are useful for quantitative metallography are reviewed in this paper.
Role of Nodal signalling in testis development and initiation of testicular cancer
Authors: Harpelunde Poulsen Katrine , Jørgensen Anne
Published: April 2019

Testicular development from the initially bipotential gonad is a tightly regulated process involving a complex signalling cascade to ensure proper sequential expression of signalling factors and secretion of steroid hormones. Initially, Sertoli cell specification facilitates differentiation of the steroidogenic fetal Leydig cells and establishment of the somatic niche, which is critical in supporting the germ cell population. Impairment of the somatic niche during fetal life may lead to development of male reproductive disorders, including arrest of gonocyte differentiation, which is considered the first step in the testicular cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we will outline the signalling pathways involved in fetal testis development focusing on the Nodal pathway, which has recently been implicated in several aspects of testicular differentiation in both mouse and human studies. Nodal signalling plays important roles in germ cell development, including regulation of pluripotency factor expression, proliferation and survival. Moreover, the Nodal pathway is involved in establishment of the somatic niche, including formation of seminiferous cords, steroidogenesis and Sertoli cell function. In our outline of fetal testis development, important differences between human and mouse models will be highlighted to emphasise that information obtained from mouse studies cannot always be directly translated to humans. Finally, the implications of dysregulated Nodal signalling in development of the testicular cancer precursor, germ cell neoplasia in situ, and testicular dysgenesis will be discussed – none of which arise in rodents, emphasising the importance of human models in the effort to increase our understanding of origin and early development of these disorders.
Learners’ Feedback Regarding ASR-based Dictation Practice for Pronunciation Learning
Authors: McCrocklin Shannon
Published: April 2019

Although early ASR-based dictation programs were criticized for lack of accuracy and explicit feedback for L2 pronunciation practice, teachers and researchers have shown renewed interest. However, little is known about student reactions to ASRbased dictation practice. This qualitative study examines student perspectives, identifying advantages and challenges to working with dictation software and generating ideas for the ideal ASR dictation program. Advanced ESL participants (n=16) worked with Windows Speech Recognition in a three-week hybrid pronunciation workshop. The study identifies many themes, including advantages such as ease of use, usefulness for pronunciation learning due to feedback provided, and heightened awareness of pronunciation issues, but also disadvantages, such as frustrating levels of recognition, particularly in the first attempt, doubts of the program’s transcription abilities, and lack of convenience. Participants reported that convenience and greater support in pronunciation practice would be important for an ideal program.
A direct simple shear device for static liquefaction triggering under constant shear drained loading
Authors: Reid D. , Fourie A.
Published: April 2019

The development of a direct simple shear device to carry out constant shear drained (CSD) tests is outlined. The purpose of the device is to study static liquefaction instability triggered by a rising phreatic surface under principal stress directions representative of conditions below a slope. A series of tests on a laboratory-standard sand are outlined, indicating (a) brittle instability under a drained increasing phreatic surface, (b) a reasonable trend between the instability stress conditions and the sample density and (c) a general agreement between the qualitative behaviour seen in the new device and the previous CSD testing carried out on saturated samples under dead weight. The sensitivity of the instability stress conditions to sample density is emphasised.
Principio de legalidad y prevaricato
Authors: López-Quiroz Alexander
Published: April 2019

Propósito: determinar si el prevaricato es posible, al no acatar lo que se ha denominado “precedente judicial” por la Corte Constitucional. Descripción: se analiza la existencia normativa del precedente judicial y, sobre esta base, si es procedente juzgar por prevaricato a un servidor público por alejarse de la doctrina de las altas cortes. Punto de vista: el precedente judicial o legislación judicial no es ley legítima en Colombia, no existe el prevaricato cuando un juez se aleja de las sentencias de las altas cortes. Conclusiones: desde el principio de legalidad y a través de la inducción, se logra demostrar que la Corte Constitucional carece de la competencia funcional para legislar, y al hacerlo, prevarica. El hecho de no darle poder vinculante a la doctrina de las altas cortes no se constituye en prevaricato, como lo ha afimado la Corte Constitucional colombiana.
Un análisis histórico de los mecanismos no penales centroamericanos para Colombia
Authors: Ulrich William Eugene
Published: April 2019

Propósito. El presente artículo propone un acercamiento histórico-comparativo con la historia, desarrollo y formas de solución implementadas en los conflictos internos que vivieron en los años 80´s y 90´s Guatemala, El salvador y Nicaragua contrastándolo con la actual finalización de conflicto que vive Colombia con las FARC. Descripción. La naturaleza de irregularidad de los conflictos centroamericanos y su inmensa similitud con el conflicto colombiano que al igual que aquellos se enfrentó a una guerrilla organizada es un punto fuerte que autoriza el desarrollo de un análisis que permita observar de manera critica los eventos históricos y traerlos al presente donde lo vivido suele repetirse de forma casi inevitable Punto de vista. Los conflictos centroamericanos ofrecen un inmejorable espacio de análisis para el actual trabajo ya que su impresionante semejanza con el conflicto colombiano provee de inmensa cantidad de material que debe ser tenido en cuenta y que ofrece a cambio un gran número de propuestas que no pueden ignorarse Conclusiones. Se hace necesario exponer los diferentes casos y experiencias para extraer los aprendizajes necesarios para no repetir los errores cometidos en el pasado.
Análisis de la Sentencia T-025 de 2004 que declara el estado de cosas inconstitucional por parte de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia frente a la protección tutelar de los derechos de las víctimas de desplazamiento armado en el marco del conflicto interno colombiano
Authors: Palacios- Salcedo Cleider Andrés
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: realizar un análisis exhaustivo sobre la Sentencia T-025 de 2004 y los respectivos autos de seguimiento emitidos por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, tendiente a establecer si a la fecha la declaratoria de estado de cosas inconstitucional por parte de la Corte ha servido para que el ejecutivo implemente políticas serias para mejorarla calidad de vida de las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado.Metodología: se realizó una compilación de información originada en fuentes formales y en documentos reconocidos internacionalmente como literatura de consulta, se analizó la información recolectada. En discusiones grupales, se dirimieron los asuntos más profundos relacionados con el tema, unificando criterios interpretativos que derivaron enconclusiones y recomendaciones grupales, para finalmente concretar la redacción del presente artículo.Resultados: se nota claramente cómo después del fallo T-025/04 el Gobierno se ha visto en la obligación de impulsar políticas orientadas a atender a las víctimas, el seguimiento que ha hecho la Corte ha sido vital para que se pueda materializar todo lo estipulado en la sentencia.Conclusiones: la declaratoria del estado de cosas inconstitucional ha significado un avance importante para el reconocimiento de las víctimas como sujetos de derecho y de especial protección, hoy se han logrado importantes avances en la materia.
Mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual, su derecho a la reparación en el proceso de transición de la Ley de Justicia y Paz en la Inspección El Placer, departamento de Putumayo, 2010-2015
Authors: Calderón-Robledo Lady Andrea
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: el presente artículo muestra cómo las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual en el marco del conflicto armado continúan a la espera de ser reparadas, pese a lo dispuesto por la normativa colombiana, que desde la Ley de Justicia y Paz ha promovido un esquema en materia de reparación que sigue siendo frágil, debilitando la respuesta del Estado colombiano en cuanto a la protección de los derechos humanos.Metodología: para tal fin, la investigación se llevó a cabo en la Inspección El Placer, jurisdicción del municipio del Valle del Guamuez, en el departamento de Putumayo, a través de un método mixto –cualitativo-cuantitativo– acompañado de un estudio de caso, con una muestra focalizada que permitió encuestar a víctimas y a funcionarios de la inspección.Resultados: se estableció que las víctimas en el proceso penal tendrían tres garantías: el derecho a la verdad, el derecho a la justicia y el derecho a que no haya impunidad.Conclusiones: se concluyó que en la Inspección El Placer las mujeres que han sido víctimas de violencia sexual en su mayoría no han sido reparadas, que la transición entre la Ley de Justicia y Paz y la justicia transicional no ha reflejado sus frutos en la materia y que continúa la invisibilización de las víctimas.
El software como servicio y el habeas data: una aproximación desde el derecho privado y constitucional en Colombia
Authors: Mendoza- Munar Lainiver
Published: April 2019

Tema y alcance: el presente es un artículo de reflexión y busca revisar el manejo de datos personales, en Colombia, de las compañías que ofrecen software como servicio (SaaS - software as a service), examinando especialmente la regulación referente a habeas data en Colombia y los principios establecidos en este sentido vía jurisprudencial. Características: se analizan diversos tipos contractuales desde el derecho privado y se determina la importancia de la regulación del manejo de datos personales en las plataformas que prestan el servicio de SaaS, partiendo no solo de principios constitucionales, sino también de la utilización de normas de derecho privado. Hallazgos: la aplicación de principios constitucionales juega un papel relevante al momento de reglamentar los tipos contractuales de las empresas de tecnología, siendo al mismo tiempo importante los contratos según los principios estipulados en la ley y la jurisprudencia que tratan sobre datos personales.Conclusiones: se pudo evidenciar la importancia de determinar la propiedad sobre el producto y la propiedad sobre la información, así como la relevancia de estipular estos aspectos en las plataformas tecnológicas que utilizan el modelo SaaS para operar en Colombia.
Guido de arezzo: entre el error y la serendipia
Authors: Castillo García Francisco
Published: April 2019

Pocas ideas han perdurado e impactado tanto en la historia de la música occidental como la propuesta de Guido de Arezzo en materia de notación musical, cercana a cumplir mil años desde su formulación inicial. En este trabajo se contextualiza el aporte del monje arentino desde una perspectiva política, en el marco del cristianismo primitivo y su búsqueda de dogmas unitarios. Desde ahí se eleva una observación crítica a sus resultados, relacionando sus intenciones con el desarrollo posterior de sus ideas; al señalar Guido las características de su sistema da un impulso al enfoque pitagórico de la música, con lo cual configura sin saberlo muchas de los principios que operan en nuestra vida musical de hoy. Con ese objetivo en mente, se analiza lo que lo que Guido no hizo y cómo esas carencias abrieron la posibilidad de desfigurar sus propósitos iniciales