bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternatives aux traitements anthelminthiques en élevage biologique des ruminants
Authors: HOSTE H. , CABARET J. , GROSMOND G. , GUITARD J.P.
Published: April 2020

En termes de gestion sanitaire des troupeaux, les recommandations du règlement de la commission européenne du 5 septembre 2008 (CE 889/2008), remplaçant le REPAB, visent à restreindre le recours aux traitements chimiques pour gérer les pathologies. Elles privilégient en contre-partie les règles d’hygiène et le développement de la réponse immune de l’animal. Ces principes généraux se retrouvent et sont illustrés dans la gestion du parasitisme helminthique par les strongles gastro-intestinaux qui constitue une des dominantes pathologiques de l’élevage des ruminants en systèmes AB et conventionnel au pâturage. Cette démarche a conduit à développer (ou à redécouvrir) des solutions techniques. Elles visent à fournir les bases agronomiques pour limiter le parasitisme par une gestion raisonnée du pâturage, à stimuler la réponse de l’hôte par divers moyens, à évaluer l’efficacité de thérapeutiques naturelles ou alternatives (homéopathie, aromathérapie, phytothérapie et nutricament) et enfin à proposer de nouveaux concepts d’application des anthelminthiques de synthèse. A terme, cette démarche analytique devrait fournir aux éleveurs une «offre de solutions» à adapter aux diverses situations afin d’aboutir à une approche intégrée du parasitisme, compatible avec les principes de l’agriculture durable.
Recherches en élevage biologique : enjeux, acquis et développements
Authors: BELLON S. , PRACHE S. , BENOIT M. , CABARET J.
Published: April 2020

Au regard des objectifs de développement de l’agriculture biologique (AB) affichés au niveau français, l’élevage est potentiellement un contributeur important. Le modèle de polyculture-élevage est un des fondamentaux de l’AB et a fait la preuve de sa robustesse. Mais aujourd’hui, on constate une diversité d’intégrations de l’élevage dans des unités de production, et des exigences nouvelles s’imposent à l’AB en termes de performances, du fait d’évolutions réglementaires ou de la situation des marchés. Quatre thématiques de recherche sont jugées prioritaires : i) concevoir des systèmes d’élevage plus autonomes et économes en intrants, en combinant expérimentations et suivis en ferme ; ii) évaluer l’état sanitaire des troupeaux et les outils thérapeutiques alternatifs, conformément aux attendus réglemen- taires en termes de santé et de bien-être des animaux ; iii) améliorer la maîtrise des qualités nutritionnelles, sensorielles et sanitaires des produits animaux ; iv) renforcer les interactions entre élevage biologique et environnement, en privilégiant ses impacts sur la biodiversité et sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, ainsi que les consommations énergétiques et les transferts de fertilité dans ou entre les unités de production. Les enseignements méthodologiques de projets de recherche sont précisés dans une dernière partie, en distinguant évaluation des performances et contributions au développement de l’AB.
PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN ANTOSIANIN PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa ‘cempo ireng’) DENGAN PUPUK KANDANG
Authors: Dewi, M.Sc.St Dr. Kumala
Published: April 2020

Nowdays people tend to consume good healthy diets such as black rice. Black rice contain anthocyanin that acts as antioxidant. High demand of black rice in the market need to synchronize with high production that can be fulfil by fertilizer application. This research conducted to evaluated growth and yield of black rice ‘Cempo Ireng’ by cytokinin and manure application. Research was start in November 2015-Mei 2016 at Sangihe District. The treatment was arranged by dosage of manure 0, 5, 10, 15 ton ha-1 and incubated for two week. The results of this study showed that manure can affect the growth and yield of black rice.
Nutritional Characteristics and Quality of Eggs from Laying Hens Fed on a Dried Papaya Peel Meal Diet
Authors: Leke Jein Rinny , Sompie Florencia Nery , Wantasen Erwin , Tallei Trina Ekawati
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study were to analyze the eggs nutritional characterics and quality from laying hens fed with diried papaya (Carica papaya L) peel meal diets. A total 200 brown laying hens strain MB 402 (42 week-old). The design used in this study was  a The objectives of this study were to analyze the eggs’ nutritional characteristics and quality from laying hens fed with dried papaya (Carica papaya L) peel meal diets. A total of 200 brown laying hens strain MB 402 (42 week-old) were used in this experiment. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications (10 hens each). The treatments consisted of dried papaya peel meal (DPPM) 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. Total feeding trial was 8 weeks. The parameters recorded included egg weight (g/bird)), egg yolk weight (g/bird), yolk index (%), albumen index (%), egg yolk color, egg cholesterol (mg/100g), egg crude protein (%), egg crude fat (%), egg white crude protein (%), egg yellow fat (%),  eggshell calcium (%), eggshell phosphorus (%), blood cholesterol (mg/dl), blood LDL cholesterol (mg/dl), and blood HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) of the laying hens. The results showed that feeding birds with 12 %   increased egg yolk weight, egg yolk color, egg crude fat, egg yellow fat, egg cholesterol, egg shell calcium, egg shell phosphor, blood cholesterol, blood HDL. Moreover there were no significant differences in egg weight, yolk index , albumen index, egg crude protein, egg white crude protein and blood LDL. In Conclusion, DPPM diets can be fed to the laying hens up to 12 % to produce eggs without negative effects on the egg quality.ransomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications (10 hens each). The treatments made use of dried papaya peel meal (DPPM) 0%, 3%, 6 %, 9 % and 12 %. Total feeding trial was 8 weeks . The parameters recorded included egg weight (g/bird), egg yolk weight (g/bird), yolk index (%), albumen index(%), egg yolk calor, egg cholesterol (mg/100g), egg crude protein (%), egg crude fat (%), egg white crude protein (%), egg yellow fat (%), eggshell calsium (%), eggshell phosphorus (%), blood cholesterol (mg/dl), blood LDL Cholesterol  (mg/dl), and blood HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) of the laying hens, The results showed that feeding dried papaya peal meal in cinclusion 12 % increased egg yolk weight, egg yolk color, egg crude fat, egg yellow fat, egg cholesterol,  egg shell calsium, egg shell prosphor, blood cholesterol, blood HDL. Moreover there were no significant diffirence in egg weight, yolk index, albumen index, egg crude protein, egg white crude protein and blood LDL. In conclusion DPPM diets can be fed to the laying hens up to 12 % to produce eggs without negative effects on the egg quality.
The Use of “Fermeherbafit” (Mixed Herbs) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Performance and Cholesterol profile
Authors: Hartoyo Bambang , Iriyanti Ning , Rimbawanto Efka Aris
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to imporve of broiler chiken performance and reduce the blood, meat and liver cholesterol levels.  This research used 100 female broilers MB 200 Platinum DOC which were reared for 5 weeks at battery-postal cages. The treatments were R0= control/ 0% fermeherbafit; R1= used 2% fermeherbafit;  R2= used 4% fermeherbafit; R3= used 6% fermeherbafit. The experimental design was carried out using a complete randomized design. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use fermeherbafit did not showed any significant differences (P>0.05) in feed consumption, absolute growth, relative growth and carcas percentage. However, it showed  significant differences (P<0.05) in blood and breast meat cholesterols. The average for Performance (feed consumption by 3268.775±293.421 g/bird; absolute growth by 1684.92±126.12; relative growth by 0.3682±0.0019; carcas percentage by 74.61± 1.12%).  Blood cholesterol  89.20+12.76 mg/dl (R3) up to 111.80+17.02 mg/dl (R0); Breast meat cholesterol 150.03+11.64 mg/g (R3) up to 174.88+8.53 mg/g (R0); Leg meat cholesterol 173.00+7.21 (R1) up to 152.15+17.83 mg/g (R3); Liver cholesterol 83.37+31.01  mg/g (R0) up to 102.75+1.68 mg/g (R3). Conclusion of this research was that the Fermeherbafit could be used in broiler feed up to 6% which could reduce blood and breast meat cholesterols.
Hematology Profiles and Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Commercial Feed
Authors: Sufiriyanto Sufiriyanto , Iriyanti Ning , Susanti Emmy
Published: April 2020

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of commercial feed on hematological and carcass profiles of broiler chickens. A total of 1800 day old chick (DOC) broilers were administered in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) furthered by Duncan test. The treatments consisted of Feed A, B, C, D, E, and F.  The observed variables included hematology profiles (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, leukocyte, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte) and performance (live weight, carcass percentage, breast, thigh, wings, shank, and head). The result showed that feed treatment did not significantly affect (P>0,05) hematology profiles and performance of broiler chickens, but significantly affected live weight (P<0,05). Conclusively, different types of commercial feed did not render physiological effect to DOC and safe for feeding until 35 days old to increase the live weight of broiler chickens.
TREM2-Positive Lipid-Associated Macrophages (LAMs) Control White Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity
Authors: Worthmann Anna , Heeren Joerg
Published: April 2020

White adipose tissue (WAT) depots are populated with a large range of immune cells under both normal and obese conditions. During the progression of obesity, these immune cells increase in total abundance and in particular macrophage subpopulations change dramatically. However, origin, characteristics, and functions of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity are poorly understood. In a recent publication, Jaitin et al. develop an immune cell atlas of obese fat and identify a subclass of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-positive, so called lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) which are critical determinants of adipose tissue homeostasis.
The Al-Abiadh Valley Drainage Basin Environmental Aspects Extraction Using Quantitatively Morphometric Analyses of Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Data
Authors: Et al. Jawad
Published: April 2020

The accurate extracting, studying, and analyzing of drainage basin morphometric aspects is important for the accurate determination of environmental factors that formed them, such as climate, tectonic activity, region lithology, and land covering vegetation.

This work was divided into three stages; the 1st stage was delineation of the Al-Abiadh basin borders using a new approach that depends on three-dimensional modeling of the studied region and a drainage network pattern extraction using (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) data, the 2nd was the classification of the Al-Abiadh basin streams according to their shape and widenings, and the 3rd was extracting then taking up the quantitative analysis technique to estimate the basin morphometric aspects and the basin's environmental parameters that created them.

         The Al-Abiadh valley basin is a six-order one with a dendritic, parallel, and deranged drainage network. The flood hazard is absent at the basin mouth because the valley runoff takes a long time to reach the sink (Al-Razaza Lake), located in the middle part of Iraq, with a low flow peak due to the high permeability soil, the arid to semi-arid climate, and the low annual precipitation rate.

         The region studied is an alluvial basin with similar geological structural solidity in most places. The drainage network was found to be controlled by lineaments and fracture traces; the basin has passed its youth geomorphic phase.
Desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios brasileiros: uma análise do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM)
Authors: Vieira Michelle Aparecida , Abrantes Luiz Antônio , De Almeida Fernanda Maria
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar os efeitos do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM) na redução das desigualdades de desenvolvimento econômico e social existentes entre os municípios brasileiros. Para tal, os efeitos do FPM sobre o desenvolvimento municipal foram analisados por meio da estimação de regressões quantílicas com dados em painel para o período de 2008 a 2012. Os resultados demonstram que, de modo geral, o FPM influenciou positivamente o desenvolvimento dos municípios brasileiros, exceto para aqueles já considerados altamente desenvolvidos (q.90), cujos coeficientes foram negativos, sinalizando que tais recursos contribuem para a melhoria dos indicadores socioeconômicos até um determinado nível de desenvolvimento. Logo, conclui-se que a partilha de recursos do FPM, por si só, pode ser apenas um acessório na dinâmica de promoção do desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional integrado, mas não o principal instrumento.
Xeno-free, chemically defined and scalable monolayer differentiation protocol for retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Lanner Fredrik , Reyes Alvaro , Petrus-Reurer Sandra , Sánchez Sara , Kumar Pankaj , Douagi Iyadh , Bartuma Hammurabi , Aronsson Monica , Westman Sofie , Lardner Emma , Falk Anna , Nandrot Emeline , Kvanta Anders
Published: April 2020

With cell therapies advancing towards the patients’ bedside, there is an increased need for robust and up-scalable protocols to generate clinical grade stem cell-derived products.The protocol we present in the study provides a xeno-free, chemically defined, scalable and robust retinal pigment epithelial cell monolayer differentiation without the need for manual isolation that uses either human embryonic stem cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells as a starting material.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Patients with Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy：A Case Control Study
Authors: Chang Lingzhi , Wang Ming , Liu Haixia , Meng Qinghua , Yu Hongwei , Wu Yu-mei , Zhu Yunxia
Published: April 2020

Background : Limited data exists regarding the pregnancy and infant outcomes of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP). Methods: Retrospectively collected mothers with AFLP and mothers without AFLP in our center from 1/2008 to 6/2018. The primary assessment was to analyze and compare the frequency of negative maternal and fetal outcomes. The secondary assessment was to investigate the role of intrauterine balloon tamponade in reducing negative maternal outcomes. Results: Compared to 220 matched mothers, 55 AFLP mothers were younger (P<0.001), with fewer pregnancies (P=0.033), complicated with more pregnancy induced hypertension (P<0.001), twins(P=0.002), fetal growth restriction (P=0.044) and male fetus (P<0.001). 3 (5.5%) of AFLP patients were diagnosed in the postpartum period. Mean gestational week of AFLP diagnosis was 35.25±5.80 weeks. Jaundice (89.1%), nausea or vomiting (58.2%), anorexia (49.1%), fatigue (45.5%) and polydipsia (30.9%) were the main prodromal symptoms. The median duration from diagnosis to delivery was 1.55±4.62 days and 75% (39/52) pregnancy were terminated the pregnancy at the day of diagnosis. 78.8% (41/52) patients received cesarean section, 53.6% (22/41) of which received preventive plasma transfusion before surgery and no one received artificial liver support during the treatment. In comparison, higher frequency of 16 maternal complications, severe negative outcomes (27.3% vs. 0.9%) and newborn asphyxia (24.6% vs.0.9%) were observed in AFLP population. 3 mothers (mortality rates: 5.5%) died of multiple organ system failure and 6 fetus/infants (death rates: 9.8%) died of distress. When compared to those without negative outcomes, patients with negative fetal outcomes were younger (P=0.042), had more singleton rates (p=0.041), increased mean value of ALT(P=0.011) and T-Bilirubin (P=0.014), decreased prothrombin activity (P=0.011). Although no statistical significance for the small sample size, there were less refractory postpartum hemorrhage (0% vs.31.3%), hysterectomy (0% vs.12.5%), negative maternal outcomes (16.7% vs.56.3%) in patients underwent intrauterine balloon tamponade when postpartum hemorrhage exceeded 500ml. Conclusions: Several symptoms were found to be the main prodromal symptoms of AFLP. Higher frequency of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes was observed in mothers with AFLP than mothers without AFLP.We found five potential risk factors of negative fetal outcomes.
Fluoroquinolone resistance and mutational profile of gyrA in pulmonary MDR tuberculosis patients
Authors: Kabir Saba , Tahir Zarfishan , Mukhtar Nadia , Sohail Muhammad , Saqalein Muhammad , Rehman Abdul
Published: April 2020

Background Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. In recent years, a high proportion of FQ resistance has been observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The development of FQ resistance in multidrug-resistant TB negatively impacts patient treatment outcome and is a serious threat to control of TB. Methods The study included a total of 562 samples from patients with pulmonary TB that had been on anti-tuberculosis therapy. MTBDRsl assays were performed for the molecular detection of mutations. Sequence analysis was performed for the characterization and mutational profiling of FQ-resistant isolates. Results FQ resistance was observed in 104 samples (18.5%), most of which were previously treated and treatment failure cases. A total of 102 isolates had mutations in DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA), while mutations in gyrB were observed in only two isolates. Mutational analysis revealed that the mutations mostly alter codons 94 (replacing aspartic acid with glycine, D94G) and 90 (replacing alanine with valine, A90V). In MDR and treatment failure cases, resistance to FQs was most commonly associated with the D94G mutation. In contract, a high proportion of A90V mutations were observed in isolates that were newly diagnosed. Conclusion The findings suggest that genotypic assays for FQ resistance should be carried out at the time of initial diagnosis, before starting treatment, in order to rule out mutations that impact the potential use of FQs in treatment and to control drug resistance.
Prophylactic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) decreased the incidence of interstitial pneumonia in B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving combined chemotherapy plus rituximab
Authors: Li Cong , Lu Fangxiao , Tao Lei , Yu Haifeng , Chen Xi , Peng Shuailing , Han Shuiyun , Yang Haiyan
Published: April 2020

Background Several studies have reported the incidence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that are undergoing combination chemotherapy plus rituximab; however, the effective prophylactic treatment for IP remains unclear. This study aims to explore the prophylactic effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) on IP and identify IP-associated risk factors in NHL patients.Methods Between March 2013 and April 2018, 498 patients (264 males, 53%) with B-cell NHL undergoing first-line RCHOP-like chemotherapy treatment with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone were enrolled in this study.Results These patients had a median age of 56 years, and 311 of the 498 patients (62.4%) were administered once daily with the prophylactic treatment of TMP-SMX. IP occurred in 65 patients (13.1%), indicating a significant reduction in the IP incidence rate (21.4% vs. 8.0%; p<0.001). Among patients treated with TMP-SMX, 2 (1.2%) exhibited rashes, 38 (12.2%) suffered from nausea and vomiting, 52 (16.7%) showed signs of neutropenia, and 18 (5.8%) suffered from kidney dysfunction. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that gender (male), history of diabetes, and absence of prophylactic TMP-SMX treatment were significant risk factors associated with IP. Disease progression was observed in 55/311 (17.7%) patients that underwent prophylactic TMP-SMX treatment and in 63/187 (33.7%) patients that did not (p<0.001).Conclusions This study revealed that the occurrence of IP was common in B-cell NHL patients undergoing combined chemotherapy plus rituximab treatment. IP could be reduced with prophylactic treatment of once-daily oral TMP-SMX.
The effect of body mass index and creatinine clearance on serum trough concentration of vancomycin in adult patients
Authors: Pan Yuyan , He Xiaomei , Yao Xinyu , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Fengjiao , Ding Xinyuan , Wang Wenjuan
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient body mass index (BMI) and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) on serum vancomycin concentrations to define a possible optimal dosage regimen in overweight patients based on data obtained during therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods: This retrospective study used data collected from January 2017 to January 2019. Adult patients (n=204) received vancomycin treatment at a dose of 1000 mg every 12 h and underwent serum monitoring. Data collected included patient disease category, sex, age, height, weight, vancomycin concentrations, and serum creatinine. The CrCl values were estimated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula. In this study, statistical comparisons were performed on the results of patients according to serum vancomycin concentration. Results: Serum vancomycin concentration was significantly related to BMI (P < 0.001) and CrCl (P < 0.05) in adult patients. Furthermore, the trough serum vancomycin concentration showed a logarithmic correlation with BMI (R = -0.5108, 95% CI: -0.6082 to -0.3982, P < 0.001) and CrCl (R = -0.5739, 95% CI: -0.6616 to -0.4707, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that BMI and CrCl are independent contributors to the trough vancomycin concentration. Moreover, some of the patients with higher BMI (≥ 24 kg/m2) met the goal trough concentration after an adjustment from 1000 mg every 12 h to 1000 mg every 8 h. Conclusions: Serum vancomycin concentration decreases progressively with increasing BMI and the augmentation in CrCl in adult patients. The trough concentration of vancomycin should be continuously monitored for patients with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, and the dosage regimen should be adjusted to reach the target trough concentration in these patients to reduce the impact of BMI.
Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program in the antimicrobial-resistant and prevalence of clostridioides difficile infection and amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients
Authors: Mardani Masoud , Abolghasemi Sara , shabani shiva
Published: April 2020

Objective: The The impact of a hospital antimicrobial stewardship was determined on antimicrobial-resistant, Clostridioides difficile rates and the amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients.The intervention effects of antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) plans in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were respectively evaluated among hematology/oncology and bone marrow transplant patients in Ayatollah Taleghani University Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this interventional quasi-experimental study, the ASP repository was utilized to capture four survey questions encompassed in these immunocompromised patients: amount of antibiotics (meropenem and vancomycin) consumption gr-year, the number of positive Clostridioides difficile infection and multidrug-resistant positive cases in blood cultures. Results: The number of MDR cases in the periods of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were 145 and 75, respectively (p = 0.011). A significant reduction in all positive blood cultures from 2017–2018 to 2018–2019 was found (p = 0.001). 574 patients admitted to our hospital in these periods of 2017- 2018 and 2018- 2019were assessed for MPM and VMN use. The amounts of MPM prescriptions in 2018–2019 was significantly decreased from 22464 to 17262 g (p = 0.043). The significant reduction in antibiotic consumption, MDR organisms, and CDI can highly promote patients’ health and decreasing medical costs and long-term defects for patients.
Biomarker roles identification of miR-106 family for predicting the risk and poor survival of colorectal cancer
Authors: Peng Qiliang , Shen Yi , Zhao Peifeng , Cheng Ming , Zhu Yaqun , Xu Bo
Published: April 2020

Background: Recent studies have extensively investigated the roles of miR-106 in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the associations and molecular mechanism underlying the roles of miR-106 in CRC remain unclear. We aimed to thoroughly investigate the biomarker roles of miR-106 for predicting the risk and survival outcome in CRC.Methods: We first conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the roles of miR-106 in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Then, we qualitatively explored the biomarker roles of miR-106 in CRC through an integrative bioinformatics analysis. Results: The results indicated that miR-106 yielded a combined AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83), with a pooled sensitivity of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.32–0.68) and a pooled specificity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.79–0.98) for discriminating CRC cases from normal controls. Moreover, patients with higher expression of miR-106 were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (HR: 1.73; 95%CI: 1.23-2.44) and overall survival (HR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.09-1.77). Finally, gene ontology and pathway analysis demonstrated that miR-106 family was highly involved in the initiation and progression of CRC and indicated the potential molecular mechanism for miR-106 in CRC.Conclusions: Our results indicated that miR-106 showed promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-106 family involved in CRC requires further investigation.
NT-4 attenuates neuroinflammation via TrkB/PI3K/FoxO1 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhang Junyi , Li Peng , Ding Yan , Tang Jiping , Chen Gang , Zhang John
Published: April 2020

Background: Neuroinflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a member of the neurotrophin family, and it interacts with the tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor. It has been studied that NT-4 has neuroprotective effects following cerebral ischemia. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective function of NT-4 and it’s high affinity receptor TrkB as well as its downstream mediator phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) following GMH in neonatal rats, with a specific focus on inflammation. Methods: GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase (0.3U) in P7 rat pups. A total of 163 seven-day-old pups were used in this study. The recombinant human NT-4 was administered intranasally at 1 hour after the collagenase injection. The selective TrkB antagonist ANA-12, selective PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and FoxO1 activating CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 24 hours prior to NT-4 treatment to investigate the potential mechanism. Short-and-long-term neurobehavior assessments, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl’s staining and Western blot were performed. Results ： The expression of p-TrkB increased after GMH with a peak at day3. The TrkB receptor was expressed by neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. The administration of rh-NT-4 increased phosphorylation of TrkB, expression of PI3K, phosphorylation of Akt and decreased FoxO1, IL-1beta and IL-6 levels. Selective inhibition of TrkB/PI3K/Akt signaling in microglia increased the expression levels of FoxO1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The use of FoxO1 activation CRISPR increased the expression of IL-6, suggesting that FoxO1 might potentially induce pro-inflammatory factors. These results demonstrated that PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 may be the downstream pathway of TrkB phosphorylation. The rat pups treated with rh-NT-4 performed better than untreated animals both in short-and-long-term behavior test. Conclusion： These data showed that rh-NT-4 can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improve neurological function, attenuate neuroinflammation and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after GMH by promoting TrkB/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results indicated that rh-NT-4 could be a promising therapeutic target to ameliorate neuroinflammation and hydrocephalus after GMH or other similar brain injuries.
The impact of increasing land productivity on groundwater dynamics: a case study of an oasis located at the edge of the Gobi Desert
Authors: Wu Lei , Changbin Li , Xie Xuhong , He Zhibin , Wang Wanrui , Zhang Yuan , Wei Jianmei , Lv Jianan
Published: April 2020

Background: Intensification of agricultural systems may result in overexploitation of water resources in arid regions because enhanced productivity of crops is often associated with increased actual evapotranspiration (AET). The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of increased regional AET on the groundwater level in a case study of the oasis located within the Shiyang River Basin near the edge of the Gobi Desert.Result: The results of the study show that regional AET increased during the period from 1981 to 2010 due to increasing oasis area and air temperature. The water losses due to AET exceeded the water supply from the mountainous discharges of the basin by the end of this period, leading to groundwater overexploitation in the oasis area.Conclusions: This case study shows the importance of considering the effect of climate change on water losses associated with increasing agricultural production for the sustainable agricultural development of arid regions.
Potential Prognostic Roles of Serum Lactate and Creatine Kinase Levels in Poisoned Patients
Authors: Golaghaei Alireza , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Shadnia Shahin , ZAMANI NASIM , Amraei Fatemeh
Published: April 2020

Background Examination of serum lactate Level and its changes, as an indicator of tissue oxygenation, as well as level of creatine kinase (CK) inhibitors, as a factor of mortality which partially expresses heart, brain, and muscle damage, may be considered as tools to determine prognosis in critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate these two factors as potential prognostic factors in critically poisoned patients admitted to our toxicology ICU.Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that was performed on poisoned patients referred to emergency department of Loghman Hakim Hospital. One-hundred critically poisoned patients who had been admitted to ICU were conveniently chosen using a random number table and included into the study after obtaining consent forms form their next of kin. Their serum lactate and CK levels were checked on admission. These levels were compared subsequently between survivors and non-survivors to seek for their potential prognostic role.Results: In a total of 100 patients enrolled, 61 were male. Serum level of lactate (with a cut off of 26 mg/dL) and serum CK with a cutoff point of 169 U/L could have prognosticated death with sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 77% (for lactate) and 74% and 62% (for serum CK), respectively.Conclusions: In poisoned patients, serum lactate and CK can be used as possible prognostic factors because they rapidly increase in the serum and are easily detectable.
Risk factors for and clinical outcomes of carbapenem non-susceptible gram negative bacilli bacteremia in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Shin Dong-Yeop , Kang Chang Kyung , Park Suhyeon , Park Jieun , Jun Kang Il , Kim Taek Soo , Koh Youngil , Hong Jun Shik , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam-Joong , Yoon Sung-soo , Kim Inho , Oh Myoung-don
Published: April 2020

Background: Carbapenem is frequently used when gram negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia is detected especially in neutropenic patients. Consequently, appropriate treatment could be delayed in GNB bacteremia cases involving organisms which are not susceptible to carbapenem (carba-NS), resulting in a poor clinical outcomes. Here, we explored risk factors for carba-NS GNB bacteremia and its clinical outcomes in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that underwent chemotherapy. Methods: We reviewed all GNB bacteremia cases that occurred during induction or consolidation chemotherapy, over a 15-year period, in a tertiary-care hospital. Results: Among 489 GNB bacteremia cases from 324 patients, 45 (9.2%) were carba-NS and 444 (90.8%) were carbapenem susceptible GNB. Independent risk factors for carba-NS GNB bacteremia were: carbapenem use at bacteremia onset (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 91.2; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 29.3-284.1; P<0.001); isolation of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (aOR: 19.4, 95%CI: 3.4-112.5; P=0.001) in the prior year; and days from chemotherapy to GNB bacteremia (aOR: 1.1 per day, 95%CI: 1.1-1.2; P<0.001). Carba-NS bacteremia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (aOR: 6.6, 95%CI: 3.0-14.8; P<0.001). Conslusion: Carba-NS organisms should be considered for antibiotic selection in AML patients having these risk factors.
Establishing the HLS-M-Q18 short version of the European Health Literacy survey questionnaire for the Malaysian context
Authors: Mohamad Emma , Kaundan Manimaran Krishnan , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Azlan Arina Anis , Ayub Suffian Hadi , Sern Tham Jen , Ahmad Abdul Latiff
Published: April 2020

Background: The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is becoming a widely used tool to measure health literacy (HL), including in Malaysia. There are efforts to reduce the 47-item scale to parsimonious short item scales that still reflect the assumptions and requirements of the conceptual model. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the 47-item scale to a short scale that can offer a feasible HL screening tool with sufficient psychometric properties. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the Malaysian population based on ethnic distribution to ensure that the short version instrument reflects the country’s varied ethnicities. The survey was administered by well-trained interviewers working for the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A total of 866 responses were obtained. Data was analysed using multi-factorial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with categorical variables.Results: The analysis resulted in a satisfactory 18-item model. There were high correlations among the 18 items. The internal consistency reliability was robust, with no floor/ceiling effects. These results represented equivalence and consistency among the responses to items, suggesting that these items were homogenous in measuring Malaysian health literacy. The strong convergent and discriminant validity of the model makes the proposed 18 items a suitable short version of the health literacy instrument for Malaysia.Conclusions: The researchers propose the 18-item instrument to be named HLS-M-Q18. This short version instrument may be used in measuring health literacy in Malaysia as it achieved robust reliability, structural validity and construct validity that fulfilled goodness-of-fit criteria.
Comparison of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, ultrasound, and mammography for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 category lesions
Authors: liu hongbiao , Zhan Hongwei , Sun Da
Published: April 2020

Background: We sought to determine the diagnostic efficacy of Breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in Chinese women with BI-RADS 4 category lesions and to compare this efficacy to that of ultrasound/mammography. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 177 women that had undergone BSGI of BI-RADS 4 category lesions originally detected via ultrasound and/or mammography. Results: Of these 177 cases, 117 (66.1%) were malignant lesions and 60 (33.9%) were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of BSGI were 94.9% (111/117), 78.3% (47/60), 89.5% (111/124), and 88.7% (47/53), respectively. The specificity and positive predictive values for mammography were 48.3% (29/60) and 77.5% (107/138), while for ultrasound they were 53.3% (32/60) and 79.6% (109/137), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of BSGI for the detection of lesions ≤1 cm in size were 90.9% (10/11) and 88.0% (22/25), respectively, while for breast lesions ＞1cm in size these values were 94.3% (100/106) and 71.4% (25/35), respectively. In addition, BSGI sensitivity and specificity values for dense breast tissue were 94.0% (79/84)and 78.0% (39/50), respectively, whereas for non-dense breast tissue these vales were 97.0% (32/33) and 80.0% (8/10), respectively. The sensitivity of BSGI for invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) was 98.9% (95/96) and 75.0% (9/12), respectively. The tumor to normal tissue ratio of BSGI for malignant lesions was significantly higher than for benign lesions (2.18±1.17 vs 1.66±0.40, t=7.56, P＜0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that BSGI is highly sensitive for the detection of such lesions, achieving good positive/negative predictive values. This suggests that for IDC in particular, BSGI is superior to ultrasound and mammography for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 category lesions, although this was less apparent for the diagnosis of DCIS lesions. BSGI exhibited excellent performance in dense breast tissue and for the detection of lesions ≤ 1 cm in size.
Community-Based Outreach associated with Increased Health Utilization among Navajo Individuals living with Diabetes: a Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Franz Calvin , Atwood Sidney , Orav John , Curley Cameron , Brown Christian , Trevisi Letizia , Nelson Adrianne Katrina , Begay Mae-Gilene , Shin Sonya S
Published: April 2020

Background: Navajo community members face high rates of diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases. The Navajo Community Health Representative Outreach Program collaborated with healthcare providers and academic collaborators to implement structured and coordinated outreach to patients living with diabetes. The intervention, called Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment or COPE, provides home-based health coaching and community-clinic linkages to promote self-management and engagement in healthcare services among patients living with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how outreach by Navajo Community Health Representatives (“COPE Program”) to affected utilization of health care services among patients living with diabetes. Methods: De-identified data from 2010 to 2014 were abstracted from electronic health records at participating health facilities. In this observational cohort study, 173 cases were matched to 2,880 controls. Healthcare utilization was measured as the number of times per quarter services were accessed by the patient. Changes in utilization over four years were modeled using a difference-in-differences approach, comparing the trajectory of COPE patients’ utilization before versus after enrollment with that of the control group. The model was estimated using generalized linear mixed models for count outcomes, controlling for clustering at the patient level and the service unit level. Results: COPE enrollees showed a 2.5% per patient per quarter (pppq) greater increase in total utilization (p = 0.001) of healthcare services than non-COPE enrollees; a 3.2% greater increase in primary care visits (p = 0.024); a 6.3% greater increase in utilization of counseling and behavioral health services (p = 0.013); and a 9.0% greater increase in pharmacy visits (p < 0.001). We found no statistically significant differences in utilization trends of inpatient, emergency room, specialty outpatient, dental, laboratory, radiology, or community encounter services among COPE participants versus control.Conclusions: A structured intervention consisting of Community Health Representative outreach and coordination with clinic-based providers was associated with a modest increase in health care utilization, including primary care and counseling services, among Navajo patients living with diabetes. Community health workers may provide an important linkage to enable patients to access and engage in clinic-based health care. Trial Registration: NCT03326206, registered 10/31/2017, retrospectively registered
Myelination- and immune mediated MR-based brain network correlates
Authors: Cerina Manuela , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Gallus Marco , Koirala Nabin , Dik Andre , Wachsmuth Lydia , Hundehege Petra , Schiffler Patrick , Tenberge Jan-Gerd , Fleischer Vinzenz , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Narayanan Venu , Krämer Julia , Faber Cornelius , Budde Thomas , Groppa Sergiu , Meuth Sven G
Published: April 2020

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Despite demyelination being a hallmark of the disease, how it relates to neurodegeneration has still not been completely unraveled, and research is still ongoing into how these processes can be tracked non-invasively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived brain network characteristics, which closely mirror disease processes and relate to functional impairment, recently became important variables for characterizing immune-mediated neurodegeneration, however their histopathological basis remains unclear. Methods: In order to determine the MRI-derived correlates of myelin dynamics and to test if brain network characteristics derived from diffusion tensor imaging reflect microstructural tissue reorganization, we took advantage of the cuprizone model of general demyelination in mice and performed longitudinal histological and imaging analyses with behavioral tests. By introducing cuprizone into the diet, we induced targeted and consistent demyelination of oligodendrocytes, over a period of 5 weeks. Subsequent myelin synthesis was enabled by reintroduction of normal food. Results: Using specific immune-histological markers, we demonstrated that two weeks of cuprizone diet induced a 52% reduction of myelin content in the corpus callosum (CC) and a 35% reduction in the neocortex. An extended cuprizone diet increased myelin loss in the CC, while remyelination commenced in the neocortex. These histologically determined dynamics were reflected by MRI measurements from diffusion tensor imaging. Demyelination was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values and increased modularity and clustering at the network level. MRI-derived modularization of the brain network and FA reduction in key anatomical regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus and analyzed cortical areas, were closely related to impaired memory function and anxiety-like behavior. Conclusion: Network specific remyelination, shown by histology and MRI metrics, determined amelioration of functional performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Taken together, we illustrate the histological basis for the MRI-driven network responses to demyelination, where increased modularity leads to evolving damage and abnormal behavior in MS. Quantitative information about in vivo myelination processes is mirrored by diffusion based imaging of microstructural integrity and network characteristics.
Combined Use of Intravenous and Topical Tranexamic Acid Efficiently Reduce Blood Loss in Patients Aged over 60 operated with 2-level lumbar fusion
Authors: Li Jianjiang , Wang Long , Bai Tao , Liu Yanlu , Huang Yifei
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The current study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the intravenous (IV) administration combined with topical administration of tranexamic acid （TXA）in patients (aged over 60) scheduled for 2-level lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: 280 patients scheduled for 2-level lumbar fusion surgery were randomized into four groups, including an IV group, a local group, a combined group, and a control group. Patients in the combined group, in the IV group, in the topical group, and in the control group were administrated with 15 mg/kg of IV-TXA + 2 g TXA in local,15 mg/kg IV-TXA, 2 g TXA in local ,and 100 ml IV, respectively. The results of total blood loss (TBL) , maximum hemoglobin drop, the transfusion rate, and the number of allogeneic blood units were compared. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) events were monitored and recorded. Results: The TBL was 635.49 ± 143.60, 892.62 ± 166.85, 901.11 ± 186.25, and 1,225.11 ± 186.25 mL for the combined group, the IV group, the topical group, and the control group, respectively.(p = 0.015, p = 0.001 respectively).The average maximum hemoglobin drop in the four above groups was 2.18 ± 0.24, 2.80 ± 0.37, 2.40 ± 0.64 ，and 3.40 ± 1.32 g/dL, respectively. No PE event was reported during the follow-up. Although asymptomatic DVT events was reported by 1, 2, and 2 patients in the combined group, topical group, and control group, respectively, there is no intergroup difference. Conclusions: The combined use of TXA effectively reduced total blood loss and blood transfusion rate in patients aged over 60 scheduled for 2-level lumbar fusion, without increasing the incidence of DVT and PE formation.
Lifestyle factors and reversion to normoglycaemia by prediabetes type in PREDAPS study.
Authors: Giráldez-García Carolina , SORIANO LUCIA CEA , Albadalejo Romana , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mata-Cases Manel , Díez-Espino Javier , Artola Sara , Serrano Rosario , Regidor Enrique
Published: April 2020

Background: Healthy lifestyle interventions and drug therapies are proven to have a positive preventative influence on normal glucose regulation in prediabetes; however, there is little evidence to support the role of these factors according to the various stage of the prediabetes stateAims: This study aims to investigate the role of lifestyle factors on the reversion to normal glucose regulation according to the different stage of the prediabetes state based on most up-to-date American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines.Design and Setting: Observational prospective cohort study. The Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes from 2012-2015Methods: A total of 1184 individuals aged 30 to 74 years old were included and classified based on the ADA in three mutually exclusive groups using either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (from 100-125 mg/dl, FPG group), HbA1c (5.7%–6.4%, HbA1c group) or both impaired parameters group. Information on lifestyle factors and biochemical parameters were collected at baseline Reversion to normal glucose regulation was calculated at third year of follow-up. Relationship of lifestyle factor and type of prediabetes with reversion were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting by different groups of confounders.Results: Proportion of reversion rates were 31% for FPG group, 31% for HbA1c group and 7.9% for both altered parameters group, respectively. Optimal life style factors such as BMI<25 kg/m2[OR (95% CI): 1.90 (1.20-3.01)], high adherence to Mediterranean diet 1.78 (1.21-2.63) and absence of abdominal obesity 1.70 (1.19-2.43) were the strongest predictors for reversion to normal glucose. ORs of reversion to normal glucose were 4.87 (3.10-7.65) for FPG group and 3.72 (2.39-5.78) for HbA1c group, taking as reference those with both impaired parameters. These estimates remained almost the same after further adjustment for biochemical parameters and lifestyle factors.Conclusions: Although optimal lifestyle factors showed to be a positive predictor for reversion to normal glucose regulation, they do not seem to explain the differences according to the type of prediabetes.