bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic features and pathological information of lymphoepithelial carcinomas of the salivary gland with ferroferric oxide nanometer ultrasound contrast agent
Authors: Shao Qi , Xu Dong , Yang Chen , Peng Chanjuan , Li Wei , Chen Liyu
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the ultrasonic features and pathological information of lymphoepithelial carcinomas of the salivary gland using ultrasound. The general clinical information of 62 patients with lymphoepithelial carcinomas of the salivary gland and the ultrasonic
features and pathological information of 28 patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed and compared with ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanometer lipid microbubble contrast agent using Minitab software with P < 0.005 to indicate statistical significance.
Similarly, inflammatory nodules, lymphomas, and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinomas were identified using ultrasound. Lymphoepithelial carcinomas were often observed in the parotid glands, with hypoechoic nodules. Network-like or cord-like hyperechoes were often observed in the nodules, with
unclear boundaries, irregular morphologies, and significantly less invasion into the surrounding tissues. Differences in the incidence in the right and left glands, blood flow signal, nerve invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and tumor volume were insignificant. Lymphatic metastasis was often
noted in ipsilateral neck level II, followed by the periparotid region or ipsilateral neck level I. The diagnoses of inflammatory nodules and lymphomas had a combined pathology, while the diagnosis of nasopharynx cancer was dependent on the result of nasopharyngoscopy. The ultrasonic features
of lymphoepithelial carcinomas of the salivary gland are network-like or cord-like hypoechoic nodules that possess the ultrasonic and biological features of malignant tumors.
Savi Scout Radar Localization Versus Wire Localization for Breast Biopsy Regarding Positive Margin, Complication, and Reoperation Rates
Authors: Tingen Joseph S. , McKinley Brian P. , Rinkliff John M. , Cornett Wendy R. , Lucas Claiborne
Published: July 2020

Background

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy and remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The Savi Scout (Cianna Medical, Merit Medical Systems, Inc. South Jordan, UT) is a wireless, nonradioactive, wave reflection implant system that enables surgeons to remove targeted breast lesions. Our study aims to be the largest comparison of wire and Savi Scout localization techniques for positive margin, complication, and reoperation rates.

Methods

Single-institution retrospective review of 512 patients that had Savi Scout Surgical Guidance System breast lesion biopsy or wire localized breast biopsy from May 2017 to December 2018. A RedCaps database was created and reviewed for outcomes.

Results

For 320 Savi scout patients, margins were positive or less than 1 mm in 18 cases (5.6%). 17 (5.3%) patients required reoperation. Surgical site occurrence was found in 7 (2.1%) patients, and 2 patients required intervention (0.6%). For 175 wire localization patients, margins were positive or less than 1 mm in 24 patients, and all required reoperation (13.7%). A surgical site occurrence was found in 13 (7.4%) patients and 5 patients required intervention (2.8%).

Discussion

In our series, the Savi Scout localization system resulted in a lower rate of positive margins, reoperation, and surgical site occurrence. These data suggest that Savi Scout localization is a reasonable replacement to wire localization for breast lesions and might produce superior results.
Pelvic Binder Utilization in Combat Casualties: Does It Matter?
Authors: Parker William J. , Despain Robert W. , Delgado Adam , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Baird Dean , Elster Eric A. , Bradley Matthew J.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of pelvic binders, the proper placement of binders, and to determine any differences in blood product transfusions between combat casualties with and without a pelvic binder identified on initial imaging immediately after the injury.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all combat-injured patients who arrived at our military treatment hospital between 2010 and 2012 with a documented pelvic fracture. Initial imaging (X-ray or computed tomography) immediately after injury were evaluated by 2 independent radiologists. Young-Burgess (YB) classification, pelvic diastasis, correct binder placement over the greater trochanters, and the presence of a pelvic external fixator (ex-fix) was recorded. Injury severity score (ISS), whole blood, and blood component therapy administered within the first 24-hours after injury were compared between casualties with and without a pelvic binder.

Results

39 casualties had overseas imaging to confirm and radiographically classify a YB pelvic ring injury. The most common fracture patterns were anteroposterior (53%) and lateral compression (28%). 49% (19/39) did not have a binder or ex-fix identified on initial imaging or in any documentation after injury. Ten patients had a binder, with 30% positioned incorrectly over the iliac crest. ISS (34 ± 1.6) was not statistically different between the binder and the no-binder group. Pubic symphysis diastasis was significantly lower in the binder group (1.4 ± 0.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.5, P < .001). There was a trend toward decreased 24-hour total blood products between the binder and no-binder groups (75 ± 11 vs 82 ± 13, P = .67). This was due to less cryoprecipitate in the binder group (6 ± 2 vs 19 ± 5, P = .01).

Conclusions

Pelvic binder placement in combat trauma may be inconsistent and an important area for continued training. While 24-hour total transfusions do not appear to be different, no-binder patients received significantly more cryoprecipitate.
A Comparison of Prehospital Nonphysician and Hospital Physician Placed Tube Thoracostomy
Authors: Harrell Kevin N. , Brooks Dylan E. , Palm Preston H. , Cowart Jonathan T. , Maxwell Robert , Barker Donald
Published: July 2020

Background

Prehospital chest decompression can be a lifesaving procedure in severe chest trauma. Studies investigating prehospital chest decompression are mostly European where physicians are assigned to prehospital care units. This report is one of the first to compare demographics and outcomes in patients undergoing prehospital chest decompression by trained aeromedical nonphysician personnel to hospital chest decompression by physicians.

Methods

Prehospital tube thoracostomy (PTT) patients were identified from January 2014 to January 2019 and were matched in a 1:2 ratio based on age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and chest Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) to patients who underwent hospital tube thoracostomy (HTT) within 24 hours of admission.

Results

Forty-nine PTT patients were matched to 98 HTT patients. PTT patients had lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), a higher rate of pre-chest tube needle decompression, and higher level 1 trauma activation. PTT were placed sooner (21.9 vs 157.0 minutes, P < .001). Rates of tube malposition, organ injury, tube dislodgement, empyema, and hospital-acquired pneumonia over the course of hospital admission were not significantly different between the 2 groups. PTT patients had longer intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), but similar hospital LOS, and overall mortality.

Discussion

This report demonstrates that PTT is performed sooner than hospital placed tubes. Complication rates associated with tube thoracostomy and patient outcomes were not statistically different between PTT and HTT groups.
Positive mental health and burnout in first to fourth year medical students
Authors: Morgan Tamara L , McFadden Taylor , Fortier Michelle S , Tomasone Jennifer R , Sweet Shane N
Published: July 2020

Background:

Medical students are at risk of poor mental health and burnout compared to general population age- and education-matched peers, which has future implications for patient care. Research has suggested that demographic factors can predict mental illness and burnout among medical students. However, less is known about predictors of mental health and how they compare to predictors of burnout, and few studies have examined multiple demographics simultaneously.

Objectives:

This study examined and compared demographic predictors (gender, ethnicity, age, level of education, year of study and proposed specialty) of mental health and burnout in first to fourth year Canadian medical students.

Method:

Medical students ( n = 129) completed online surveys comprised of validated questionnaires.

Results:

Multiple regression indicated that third year (β = −.243, p = .013) negatively predicted mental health ( R2 = 15.0%). Female gender (β = .242, p = .005), ‘other’ ethnicities (β = .189, p = .028), third year (β = .391, p < .001) and fourth year (β = .212, p = .023) positively predicted burnout ( R2 = 32.7%). Female gender and fourth year predicted mental health and burnout differently. ‘Other’ ethnicity, second year and third year predicted mental health and burnout similarly.

Conclusion:

Findings fill gaps in the literature and may inform medical stakeholders in developing targeted programmes for improving medical students’ mental health and burnout. Medical students with greater well-being can progress into physicians who will be more likely to promote well-being in their patients.
A consensus-based square-root cubature Kalman filter for manoeuvring target tracking in sensor networks
Authors: Zhong Zenan , Zhao Enjiao , Zheng Xin , Zhao Xinhua
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a novel distributed tracking method is proposed for the problem of manoeuvring target tracking in sensor networks. Firstly, an adaptive adjustment tracking model is established by extended state observer (ESO) theory. Then, the consensus-based square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) algorithm is proposed in order to improve the global accuracy and stability. In addition, the integrated model could reduce the influence of measurement noise. Finally, simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the scheme, whereby comparison results show that the estimation accuracy of the method proposed is higher than that of the traditional ESO and SCKF.
Hearing Vital Signs: Mobile Audiometry in the Emergency Department for Evaluation of Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Lubner Rory J. , Barbarite Eric , Kondamuri Neil , Knoll Renata M. , Ota H. Gregory , Lewis Rebecca M. , Franck Kevin , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D.
Published: July 2020

Emergency departments (EDs) are a common location for patients to present with sudden hearing loss (SHL). Unfortunately, high‐quality, rapid quantitative measurement of hearing loss is challenging. Herein, we aim to evaluate the accuracy of tablet‐based audiometry in patients complaining of SHL. Prospective tablet‐based testing was completed in the ED in patients complaining of SHL. Air conduction thresholds (ACTs) obtained via tablet‐based audiometry were compared to same‐day measurements with a clinical‐grade audiometer. Hearing loss (HL) was defined as >20 dB ACT for any frequency. In participant‐level analysis, 30+ dB HL in 3 consecutive frequencies was used to define SHL. In the ED, mobile audiogram ACTs were within 5 dB (77%) and 10 dB (89.6%) of those determined by conventional audiometry. The sensitivity and specificity for mobile audiometry to detect 3 or more consecutive thresholds with 30+ dB HL were 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Findings have implications for increasing access to high‐quality audiometry.
Diverse MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute Marchiafava-Bignami disease
Authors: Li Wei , Ran Chao , Ma Jun
Published: July 2020

Background

The acute onset of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is difficult to capture, and its clinical manifestations are overlapped. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very useful in the diagnosis of acute MBD.

Purpose

To investigate the MRI features and clinical outcomes of acute MBD.

Materials and Methods

Sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) or T1-weighted (T1W) imaging, axial T1W and T2W imaging, and axial FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were performed in 17 patients with acute MBD on 1.5-T MR. According to the different ranges of callosal restricted diffusion, MBD was divided into Type I (n = 7, the completely involved), Type II (n = 5, the mostly involved), and Type III (n = 5, the partly involved). The MRI findings and outcomes of each type were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

With the reduced range of the callosal restricted diffusion, the callosal atrophy or cavitation was more common: no case of Type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; and 3 (60%) cases of Type III. With the increased range of callosal restricted diffusion, the extracallosal involvement was more common: 6 (86%) cases of Type I; 3 (60%) cases of Type II; and 1 (20%) case of Type III. During the follow-up, five cases had neuropsychiatric sequelae: 1 (14%) case of type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; 3 (60%) cases of Type III.

Conclusion

The MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute MBD are regular. The extensive restricted diffusion of acute MBD may present the curable condition. Callosal heterogeneity may affect the outcome of acute MBD.
MiR-28-5p mediates the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of curcumin on human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Kang Tian , Sun Wei-Li , Lu Xiao-Fei , Wang Xin-Liang , Jiang Lian
Published: July 2020

Objective

To investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of curcumin on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells and explore the mechanism.

Methods

OCI-LY7 cells were treated with curcumin (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining, respectively. MiR-28-5p expression was detected via qRT-PCR. The binding site of miR-28-5p was predicted using online databases and verified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-28-5p overexpression and inhibition were achieved via transfection with an miR-28-5p mimic and inhibitor, respectively.

Results

Curcumin decreased the viability of OCI-LY7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and these effects were attenuated by miR-28-5p inhibition. MiR-28-5p expression was upregulated by curcumin. Curcumin increased the numbers of apoptotic cells and upregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression, and these effects were attenuated by miR-28-5p inhibition. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-28-5p directly targets the 3′-untranslated region of BECN1. Curcumin downregulated BECN1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II/I expression and upregulated p62 expression.

Conclusions

Our results described the curcumin exerted anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on OCI-LY7 cells through a mechanism potentially involving miR-28-5p.
The AD1835 eruption at Robinson Crusoe Island discredited: Geological and historical evidence
Authors: Lara Luis E , Moreno Rodrigo , Valdivia Valentina , Aránguiz Rafael , Lagos Marcelo
Published: July 2020

A submarine eruption in Cumberland Bay, Robinson Crusoe Island, was reported by Thomas Sutcliffe, the former British Governor, shortly after the earthquake that struck the coast of Chile on 20 February 1835. This episode was described by Charles Darwin in his Voyage of the Beagle and extensive mention has been made since then, especially stimulated by a renowned painting by J.M. Rugendas. Because of the apparent causal relation, this event has also been widely cited as an example of remote tectonically triggered eruption. However, there are inconsistencies that pose doubts about the actual occurrence of an eruption. Here we present evidence against the hypothetical eruption based on both the absence of any geological evidence and a reinterpretation of the historical accounts. We first observe that no bathymetric anomaly is present immediately below the place of the depicted ‘eruptive column’. We also note the absence of any deposit or recent volcano morphology and then unravel some incompatibility between the expected volcanological parameters and the featured column. In addition, we analyse the historical records and conclude that they are compatible with a tsunami entering the bay. By means of numerical simulations we further demonstrate that the accounts well match with the expected behaviour of a distant earthquake-triggered tsunami. We infer that some tsunami-related processes (sound waves, rockfalls, lightning) may have been misunderstood at that time. The latter corresponds to the current knowledge of natural processes but also could have been deliberatively amplified in Sutcliffe’s report. Our multidisciplinary approach provides full consistent geographical evidence of a fact that did not happen. This finding is relevant from the hazard’s perspective, but also for the science of earthquakes and eruptions, or the knowledge of processes that control the late secondary volcanism at oceanic islands and seamounts.
Assessment of the Effects of Volume Completeness and Spatial and Temporal Correlation on Hourly Freeway Crash Prediction Models
Authors: Dutta Nancy , Fontaine Michael D.
Published: July 2020

Traditional traffic safety analyses of crash frequency usually use highly aggregated cross-sectional data and ignore the time-varying nature of some critical factors. This research used 7 years of hourly data from 110 rural four-lane segments and 80 urban six-lane segments to develop hourly level crash prediction models and contrasted them with traditional annual average daily traffic (AADT)-based models. To account for the overdispersion of data and unobserved heterogeneity, generalized linear mixed-effect models were contrasted with negative binomial models. The models used average hourly volume as a measure of exposure, and the quantity of volume data available for the sites ranged from continuous counts to locations where only a couple of weeks of data were available every other year (short counts). While developing disaggregated models, the difference in data availability from these sources can be a potential source of error, so evaluating the change in performance of prediction models with changes in volume data availability was examined. The results showed that the best models include a combination of average hourly volume, selected geometric variables, and speed related parameters. Hourly models that included speed parameters consistently outperformed AADT models. Further investigation revealed that the positive effect of using a more inclusive and larger dataset was larger than the effect of accounting for data correlation. This showed that using short count stations as a data source does not diminish the quality of the developed models, thus indicating that these methods could be applied broadly across agencies, even when volume data is relatively sparse.
First-Mile-Last-Mile Collector-Distributor System using Shared Autonomous Mobility
Authors: Gurumurthy Krishna Murthy , Kockelman Kara M. , Zuniga-Garcia Natalia
Published: July 2020

High costs of owning fully-automated or autonomous vehicles (AVs) will fuel the demand for shared mobility, with zero driver costs. Although sharing sounds good for the transport system, congestion can easily rise without adequate policy measures. Many or all public transit lines will continue to exist, and carefully-designed policies can be implemented to make good use of fixed public assets, like commuter- and light-rail lines. In this study, a shared AV (SAV) fleet is analyzed as a potential solution to the first-mile-last-mile (FMLM) problem for access to and from public transit. Essentially, SAVs are analyzed as collector-distributor systems for these mass-movers and compared with a door-to-door (D2D) service. Results from an agent-based simulation of Austin, Texas, show that SAVs have the potential to help solve FMLM transit problems when fare benefits are provided to transit users. Restricting SAV use for FMLM trips increases transit coverage, lowers average access and egress walking distance, and shifts demand away from park-and-ride and long walk trips. When SAVs are available for both D2D use and FMLM trips, high SAV fares help maintain transit demand, without which the transit demand may decrease significantly, affecting the transit supply and the overall system reliability. Policy makers and planners should be wary of this shift away from transit and may be able to increase transit usage using policies tested in this study.
Modernity, praxis and the work of art: Contemporary themes in Eastern European critical theory
Authors: Dorahy J.F.
Published: July 2020

Throughout the world, Eastern European critical theory is enjoying a moderate, yet exciting, resurgence. From its oppositional roots in praxis philosophy and critical sociology, this diffuse and dynamic tradition has expanded its field of concern to encompass, among other problems, the aporias of democracy, the Holocaust and legacies of totalitarianism, the vicissitudes of modern culture and the ethical imperatives of living after the grand narrative. In the process, Eastern European thought has come to figure as a vital alternative to the dominant tendencies emanating from Frankfurt and Paris. This essay surveys and introduces a collection of papers delivered at The International Conference of Marxist Critical Theory in Eastern Europe held in Chengdu, P.R.C., in November 2018. It both highlights the thematic range of contemporary scholarship on Eastern European critical theory and signals potential directions in future research.
Finding the future: The role of the International Maritime History Association
Authors: Tull Malcolm
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to review the state of the International Maritime History Association (IMHA) and to consider its future directions. First, it outlines the history of the organisation; second, it considers the challenges facing the IMHA today; and finally it offers some preliminary ideas about planning for the future.
History of the Ports
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: July 2020

This article explores port typography and historiography. It reviews the expansion of port history as a field over the last 50 years, with increasing focus on the Early Modern, Medieval and Classical periods. Concentration on leading players has been replaced by interest in a range of ports, and comparisons at a local and regional level, although regrettably usually not at international or global level, for reasons considered. The author takes issue with suggestions that port history sits uncomfortably at a nexus of local, national and international historiography, arguing that this is a strength, providing both basic coherence and wider perspective.
Inter-, multi- and trans-disciplinarity in maritime history: Potentialities and limits
Authors: Polónia Amélia
Published: July 2020

Following an ongoing debate, this paper argues that the future of the encompassing field of maritime history might proceed in three main directions: (1) convergence with the debates and the societal challenges for 2020–2030 and beyond, as defined by the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals; (2) merger with a broad field of maritime studies, multidisciplinary by nature; and (3) dialogue with different disciplines to develop transdisciplinary methods. Even if not totally new at the current stage in maritime history’s development, these challenges are expected to emerge as crucial in the next decades.
Analysis of tribological behavior of medical-grade UHMW polyethylene under dry and lubricated conditions with human body fluids using Taguchi and GRA techniques
Authors: Hussain Omar , Ahmad Babar , Saleem Shahid
Published: July 2020

The present work focuses on evaluating the tribological behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V under dry and lubricated sliding conditions using human body fluids (synovial fluid and human serum). Eighteen trials of experiments were performed using a reciprocating sliding tribometer (pin-on-disc) at 37°C based on Taguchi’s L18 (21 × 32) array. The in-vitro experimental results revealed that UHMWPE offers better tribological performance under synovial fluid lubrication conditions irrespective of the counterface material. The optimization of the response variables (coefficient-of-friction (COF) and specific wear rate (WR)) was performed using optimization techniques (Taguchi and Grey relational analysis). It was revealed that Ti6Al4V counterface material under synovial fluid lubrication and normal load of 52 N exhibits the optimal tribological performance with UHWMPE. The contribution of process parameters on the COF and WR was evaluated using analysis of variance. It was established that load is the most significant parameter, affecting COF and WR.
The unexpected American origins of sexology and sexual science: Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard, Orson Squire Fowler, and the scientification of sex
Authors: Kahan Benjamin
Published: July 2020

In spite of the fact that the term ‘sexology’ was popularized in the United States by Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard and that the term ‘sexual science’—which is usually attributed to Iwan Bloch as ‘Sexualwissenschaft’—was actually coined by the American phrenologist Orson Squire Fowler in 1852, the archives of American sexology have received scant attention in the period prior to Alfred Kinsey. In my article, I explore the role of Transcendentalism and phrenology in the production and development of American sexology and sexual science. In particular, I argue that shifting the origins of sexology and sexual science away from Karl Heinrich Ulrichs and Karl-Maria Kertbeny and the more familiar narratives of the German invention of sexuality furnishes a radically different account of early sexology and sexual science. Rather than the unevenly homophilic sympathies of early German activists, their American counterparts promote marital, reproductive, loving sex and vilify prostitution, polygamy, masturbation, contraception, sex for pleasure, and, if they think to mention it, sodomy. In addition to this less progressive story, however, I argue that early American sexologists provide the first theories of gender and help to provide a fuller description of the politics of sexology and sexual science.
A novel approach to predict the precision sustainability of ball screw under multidirectional load states
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , Lin Mingxing , Song Xianchun , Zhao Yanfeng , Wei Nan
Published: July 2020

The accurate model of the load state for all balls under multidirectional load is very helpful for the design process of ball screws. The contact deformation model of the ball screw without consideration of the stress difference of all balls is inaccurate. In this paper, a novel contact load model of the ball screw is established by considering coupled axial, radial load to study the elastic deformation displacement and position accuracy. The deviation and variation of axial elastic deformation with the dimension errors of all balls are investigated to obtain the influence of load state on the precision sustainability of the ball screw. The position precision including travel deviation and variation by considering load distribution of all balls is studied under the different load conditions. In addition, a new working bench is designed to study the position precision of the ball screw. The experimental study is carried out to obtain the relationship between the position precision and the contact load state of all balls, which is a reference to compensate for the precision loss of the ball screw.
Rapid prototyping of custom radiocontrast agent markers for computed tomography–guided procedures
Authors: Li Rui , Taylor Austin J , Tse Zion Tsz Ho
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate a method for printing a custom radiocontrast agent mixture to develop computed tomography markers of various shapes and sizes for assisting physicians in computed tomography–guided procedures. The radiocontrast agent mixture was designed to be bright in a computed tomography image, able to be extruded from a nozzle as a liquid and transition into a solid, and sufficiently viscous to be extruded through the tip of a needle in a controlled manner. A mixture printing method was developed using a syringe to house the mixture, a syringe pump to extrude the mixture, and a computer numeric control laser cutter to direct the nozzle in the desired path. To assess the efficacy of printing the radiocontrast agent mixture, we printed several designs, collected computed tomography images, and evaluated various physical properties of the printing method and the resulting computed tomography markers. The average line thickness was 1.56 mm (standard deviation of 0.19 mm, n = 30), the infill percentage was 99.9%, and the deviation in roundness was 0.23 mm ( n = 30). These results demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to create various types of skin markers, such as dots, lines, and hollow or solid shapes. Additionally, flat printed patterns can be folded to form three-dimensional structures that can be used to guide and support needle insertions.
Quality of network support for the deliberate practice of popular musicians
Authors: Längler Manuel , Nivala Markus , Brouwer Jasperina , Gruber Hans
Published: July 2020

To become an expert in music, an individual goes through different phases of deliberately practising domain-specific activities with the support of actors within his or her network. These network actors are often referred to in the research literature as “persons in the shadow,” because they are for the most part unnoticeable to an audience. Systematic research on popular music does not touch upon who these persons in the shadow are and how they support deliberate practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine which network actors have supported popular musicians to deliberately practice their craft during childhood, the period of apprenticeship, and throughout their careers, along with the type of support that was provided. A mixed-method egocentric network analysis, combined with quantitative and qualitative analyses of data from interviews with five experts and five intermediate-level popular musicians, has shown that band members and instrumental teachers were perceived as being most supportive of musicians’ deliberate practice during childhood and period of apprenticeship. However, during the musicians’ careers, band members were perceived as being most supportive. Experts differed from intermediate-level musicians as follows: (a) experts had contact with a larger pool of band members and instrumental teachers during their careers; (b) their networks, especially of band members in different formations and instrumental teachers, changed constantly and frequently throughout their careers; (c) they were regularly confronted with unfamiliar musical content, which expanded their musical knowledge. In this article we suggest that future research should investigate how change in networks influences deliberate practice and the acquisition of expertise.
Landing efficiency control of a six-degree-of-freedom aircraft model with magnetorheological dampers: Part 1—Modeling
Authors: Kang Byung-Hyuk , Yoon Ji-Young , Kim Gi-Woo , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: July 2020

This work presents landing efficiency control of a six-degree-of-freedom aircraft model, which has a controllable landing gear system with magnetorheological damper. Due to lengthy contents, this work is divided into two parts. In Part 1, both the kinematic and dynamic equations of the six-degree-of-freedom aircraft model are derived. After determining the principal design parameters of magnetorheological damper based on commercial Beechcraft Baron B55 (passive oleo-strut type) damper, the kinematic equations are derived using the aircraft body coordinate frame and homogeneous coordinates of the reference frame, while the dynamic equations are derived using Euler–Lagrange equation to represent the heave, roll, and pitch motions of the aircraft model. In Part 2, the landing performance based on landing efficiencies is analyzed through the landing motions using various controllers.
The Firm Value and Marketing Intensity Decision in Conditions of Financial Constraint: A Comparative Study of the United States and Latin America
Authors: Palomino-Tamayo Walter , Timana Juan , Cerviño Julio
Published: July 2020

Marketing managers generally have to make marketing decisions under financial constraints (i.e., the firm’s inability to generate cash flow for investments and marketing), with limited assurance of the outcomes. Little investigation has been made into the effect of financial constraints on marketing intensity and the subsequent effect on firm value and performance, particularly when it is a volatile environment (e.g., Latin America) that creates the financial constraints. Using a conceptual framework grounded in agency theory, the authors develop a model and test it using a panel data set from the United States and five Latin American countries. The results indicate that financial constraints have a negative effect on marketing intensity and ultimately negatively affect firm value and performance. Furthermore, this study confirms the effect of three moderators—market sensitivity, country governance quality, and country economic development distance—on the relationship between financial constraint and marketing intensity and helps explain differences across the United States and Latin America.
Predicting Intentions to Engage With Scientific Messages on Twitter: The Roles of Mirth and Need for Humor
Authors: Yeo Sara K. , Su Leona Yi-Fan , Cacciatore Michael A. , McKasy Meaghan , Qian Sijia
Published: July 2020

Although humor is a recommended strategy for scientists to connect with publics, there is a lack of empirical evidence concerning its effectiveness. We conduct an experiment to test how funny science on Twitter affects engagement intentions. We find that different humor types caused viewers to experience different levels of mirth, which mediated the relationship between our experimental manipulation and engagement intentions. We also find need for humor, an individual trait, to moderate the relationship between mirth and engagement intentions. These findings extend our understanding of humor in science communication and offer empirical evidence on which practical advice can be grounded.
A Field Guide to Academic Becoming
Authors: Cannon Susan Ophelia
Published: July 2020

This article twists, folds, iterates, and proliferates figurations of field in/of/outside the academy as it works to undercut the taken-for-granted assumptions about the field and its borders and boundaries. I question how making boundaries fuzzy might work to open up radical possibilities for knowledge production and becoming with/in fields. Furthermore, the article considers how the way in which we tell ourselves stories of fields and our place(s) in them matters. How might we do different research or do research differently if we reconsider the cuts we always already make between field/researcher/researched? Can fieldness disappear and would we want it to?
Stepwise analysis of pantographic beams subjected to impulsive loads
Authors: Turco Emilio
Published: July 2020

Materials based on pantographic unit cells have very interesting mechanical peculiarities. For these reasons they are largely studied from a theoretical, experimental, and numerical point of view. Numerical simulations furnish an important contribution for the the design and optimization of such materials and, more generally, for metamaterials. Here, we consider the influence of inertial forces, removing the hypothesis of quasistatic loading. By using an intrinsically discrete model, inspired by Hencky’s ideas, already tested in a series of published works, here we add the contribution of inertial forces and, in the framework of stepwise schemes, we re-experience an adaptive integration scheme capable of reconstructing the best structural response corresponding to a prefixed time step. Several numerical simulations, although preparatory, inspire some remarks on materials based on pantographic cells and outline the way for future challenges.
The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Microbiome Composition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pathare Nihar , Sushilkumar Sandhra , Haley Lauren , Jain Shivani , Osier Nicole (Nico)
Published: July 2020

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a significant health problem, impacting millions of people every year. Although emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the gut microbiome is altered after TBI, no systematic review has been published on this topic. The objective of the present systematic review is to analyze publications that evaluate the impact of TBI on gut microbiome composition. Research articles were pulled from seven databases. The systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In order for publications to be eligible for this review, they had to (1) report on original human- or animal-subjects research, (2) evaluate the impact of TBI on the microbiome, and (3) be written in English and (4) be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Of the seven articles that met these criteria, one involved human participants, while the other six reported on experimental animal studies. All studies found changes in the gut microbiome following TBI, with similar changes in bacterial populations observed across studies. The limitations of these studies included the use of primarily male animals, limitations of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and small sample sizes. This review was also limited by the small pool of studies conducted in this area. In summary, changes in bacterial populations of the gut microbiome, specifically increases in proteobacteria and firmicutes, were observed across the studies. By evaluating the changes in the microbiome resulting from TBI, potential therapeutic interventions could be explored.
Huge peripapillary staphyloma with craniofacial clefts: A case report
Authors: Yu Fei , Fu Yao
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

We reported the occurrence of a congenital unilateral huge peripapillary staphyloma in association with craniofacial clefts for the first time.

Case report:

A 1-year-old boy presented with a large defect on his left eyelid, a wide oblique columella nasi and an atypical wedge-shaped extension of the unilateral anterior hairline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations revealed there were cracks on his nasal septum, palate, and superior alveolar midline. Moreover, we surprisingly uncovered a gourd-shaped eyeball with the compressed optic nerve on the right side, while the right eye seemed normal from appearance. Under anaesthesia, fundus examination of the right eye showed a 15 mm-deep excavation surrounding the optic disc with defective choroid and dysplastic optic papilla. We reconstructed the left eyelid of the patient to protect his cornea and would make other solutions according to the results of follow-up.

Conclusion:

Peripapillary staphyloma and craniofacial clefts are two dissimilar rare congenital anomalies. In this patient, we firstly observed the co-existence of the two defects, which may provide the experience to the diagnosis and treatment of peripapillary staphyloma and craniofacial clefts. This case also gives us the pathogenic inspiration for further studies of peripapillary staphyloma and craniofacial clefts.
Gendered morality in the sex toy market: Entitlements, reversals, and the irony of heterosexuality
Authors: Ronen Shelly
Published: July 2020

This article characterizes norms of sexual morality in the sex toy market, revealing a core contradiction in the morality of gendered heterosexuality. Taking a novel approach to the study of the sex industry, the study’s data focus on producers rather than consumers of sex toys. Sex toy professionals understand women as ideal users whose sexual desire and consumption are morally defensible. Not only do girl-power sex positivity discourses valorize women’s orgasms, but men’s sex toy use is disavowed and even openly reviled by producers. This seems to upend existing configurations of heterosexual privilege, which ordinarily benefit men’s sexual desire. However, the reversal reveals a shared moral feature of gendered heterosexuality, which privileges women as sexually purer than men, who are encumbered with tainting lasciviousness.
Quantitative effects of glass roof system parameters on energy and daylighting performances: A bi-objective optimal design using response surface methodology
Authors: Yu Fei , Leng Jiawei
Published: July 2020

In regions with a hot-summer/cold-winter climate, a balance between energy-saving and better daylighting performance is often required for the design of a glass roof system. This research aims to reduce the total energy demand and to increase the useful daylight illuminance (UDI), by introducing a response-surface-methodology-based bi-objective optimization approach for three glass roof system models (no shading, exterior blinds, interior shades). Surrogate models were generated to quantify the effect of the glazing material and shading parameters. Our findings have revealed that, in hot-summer/cold-winter climate regions like Nanjing, properties of the glazing material could substitute the effect of shading parameters to enhance energy-saving potentials. However, the use of glazing cannot make up for the effect on the daylight performance. Glass roof systems with a low U-value glazing material and small-slat exterior blinds are generally recommended as the balanced solution to lower the energy demand and raise the UDI200–2000. The substitute relations introduced in the surrogate models and optimal solutions have indicated that there are multiple choices to attain a relatively similar goal to produce an energy-efficient building design for construction.
Changing how archaeology is done in Native American contexts: An Ndee (Apache) case study
Authors: Laluk Nicholas C
Published: July 2020

The White Mountain Apache Tribe Cultural Heritage Resource Best Management Practices (WMATCHRBMPs) present and delineate in guideline form cultural heritage resource definitions, management, and necessary steps before, during, and after project implementation for any ground-disturbing projects potentially adversely affecting cultural heritage resources on Ndee (Apache) trust lands. However, since the tribe’s adoption of the practices, the application of Ndee tenets found within the guidelines to real-world cultural and archaeological methods and practices remains scant. Embedded in the Ndee cultural tenets is the tenet of “respect,” which I will argue can be used as a tool by non- Ndee researchers to critically reflect on their own research agendas and to guide research projects with Ndee communities. By foregrounding respect within various ongoing archaeological project-related occurrences, contemporary Ndee experiences, defining Ndee material trait lists, superiority statements, archaeological categorizations, and stereotypical underpinnings, better paths forward for collaborative research with Ndee and other Native American communities can be highlighted.
Optimal Tournament Design: Lessons From the Men’s Handball Champions League
Authors: Csató László
Published: July 2020

This paper challenges the traditional seeding regime of round-robin tournaments that aims to create balanced groups. In particular, the design of the most prestigious European men’s handball club competition is compared to two alternative formats with equally strong groups via simulations. We find that it is possible to increase the quality of all matches played together with raising the uncertainty of outcome, essentially without sacrificing fairness. Our results have useful implications for the governing bodies of major sports.
SNHG7 Facilitates Glioblastoma Progression by Functioning as a Molecular Sponge for MicroRNA-449b-5p and Thereby Increasing MYCN Expression
Authors: Chen Yaogang , Yuan Shaoyong , Ning Tieying , Xu Huiqing , Guan Bo
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims:

Long noncoding RNA (small nucleolar RNA host gene 7) has been reported to be involved in multiple malignancies and acts as an oncogene. However, the potential mechanism of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 in glioblastoma is rarely known. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the biological effects of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 and the possible molecular mechanism in glioblastoma.

Methods:

The expression level of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 in glioblastoma tissues and corresponding tumor cell lines was evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to verify the correlation among small nucleolar RNA host gene 7, miR-449b-5p, and MYCN. The role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 on cell viability, migration, and invasion was measured.

Results:

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 expression was markedly increased in glioblastoma tumor tissue. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 can sponge miR-449b-5p and negatively regulate miR-449b-5p expression. MiR-449b-5p was remarkably repressed in glioblastoma tissues. Reduction of miR-449b-5p reversed the repressive effects of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 knockdown on cellular behaviors in glioblastoma. In addition, miR-449b-5p can directly bind with MYCN. Compared with normal samples, MYCN expression was increased. The MYCN expression was negatively related to miR-449b-5p expression while positively related to small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 expression. Rescue experiments revealed that MYCN overexpression reversed the repressive role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 knockdown on viability, migration, and invasion of U251 cells.

Conclusion:

In summary, our results demonstrated that small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 regulates glioblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasion via regulating miR-449b-5p and its target gene MYCN, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
Five-Year Experience with VATS Versus Thoracotomy Segmentectomy for Lung Tumor Resection
Authors: Sabra Michel J. , Alwatari Yahya , Bierema Christine , Wolfe Luke G. , Cassano Anthony D. , Shah Rachit D.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Segmentectomy for lung tumors has been performed with either video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or thoracotomy; however, there is a lack of contemporary, multicenter study that compares both approaches. The aim of this study was to compare the 30-day surgical outcomes of VATS versus thoracotomy for segmentectomy using a large national database.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who underwent segmentectomy for benign or malignant tumors between 2013 and 2017 were included and divided into 2 groups based on whether they received a thoracotomy or VATS approach. All VATS patients were then into 2 subgroups: early (2013 to 2015) and late (2016 to 2017). Propensity-matched analysis was conducted, and the perioperative variables and outcomes were compared.

Results

A total of 1,785 patients met the inclusion criteria. VATS segmentectomy was associated with shorter hospital stays (3.9 vs 5.8 days, P < 0.001) and higher rates of home discharge (94% vs 89%, P = 0.002) compared to thoracotomy segmentectomy. VATS was also associated with less postoperative pneumonia (2.8% vs 5.8%, P = 0.007), unplanned intubation (1.5% vs 3.5%, P = 0.016), prolonged intubation (0.6% vs 2.7%, P = 0.001), transfusion requirement (1.7% vs 5.8%, P < 0.001), and deep venous thrombosis (0.1% vs 1.1%, P = 0.03). Compared to the earlier VATS group, the late group was associated with less cardiac arrests (0% vs 0.8%, P = 0.025) and shorter hospital stays (3.3 vs 4.2 days, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

When compared with thoracotomy, VATS segmentectomy is associated with less postoperative complications and shorter hospital length of stay. VATS segmentectomy has been used more frequently and with improved outcomes.