bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-depth characterization of minor 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone oligomers from Chinese agarwood by integrating offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography and hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Huo Huixia , Zhang Hang , Liu Huiting , Ma Jiale , Zhang Qian , Zhao Yunfang , Zheng Jiao , Tu Pengfei , Song Yuelin , Li Jun
Published: February 2025

Those minor, even trace natural products sometimes exhibit exciting activities and possess unique structures; however, it is challenging to pursue and identify such components using routine LC−MS/MS platforms attributing to their low distribution levels in herbs, the overlapping effects from the abundant ingredients and the high-level structural diversity. Here, an off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography hook up hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry program was exploited to facilitate the exposure of those minor components in chromatographic domain and to acquire high-resolution multi-stage mass spectra, and the less abundant 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (PEC) oligomers from Chinese agarwood that is one of the most precious herbal medicines were concerned to illustrate and assess the applicability towards capturing and structurally annotating those minor components. The mass fragmentation pathways of PEC dimers, in particular the linkage fission between monomers, were proposed by assaying eighteen authentic compounds that covered different conjugation manners, and subsequently applied for the tentative structural identification of observed components. Thereafter, targeted purification was conducted to generate eight new, trace PEC dimers to justify the annotated structures. As a result, heterocyclic ring fission was the diagnostic fragmentation pathways for PEC dimers. In total, 199 PECs were discovered and characterized, consisting of 74 dimers and five trimers. Noteworthily, after structural identification with NMR assays, the confirmative structures of those eight new PEC dimers agreed well with the identities suggested by mass fragmentation rules. Above all, PEC derivatives, notably trace oligomers, in Chinese agarwood were profiled in depth, resulting in a number of interesting structures.
Folium Hibisci Mutabilis extract suppresses M1 macrophage polarization through mitochondrial function enhancement in murine acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Zhang Jiahui , Yan Wei , Jiang Ping , Li Juncheng , He Haojun , Ma Honghong , Zhang Yuxin , Yang Kai , Jiang Min , Xi Xiaobing
Published: February 2025

Background

Acute gout arthritis (AGA) is a common metabolic joint disease and urgently needs a safer alternative therapy due to the significant side effects from long-term use of primary medications. Folium Hibisci Mutabilis, a traditional medicinal herb, has demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in the clinical management of AGA, but its pharmacological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Methods

Folium Hibisci Mutabili was isolated and refined into the Folium Hibisci Mutabilis Extract (FHME). Then, monosodium urate-induced AGA animal models were applied to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of FHME in vivo through various techniques, including ultrasonography, Paw withdrawal thresholds, histological staining, etc. We used RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry to evaluate the efficacy of FHME on M1 polarization. Utilizing transmission electron microscope and oxygen consumption rate examinations in conjunction with Mito-Tracker staining, we observed the effects of FHME on mitochondrial morphology and function. Finally, we employed proteomics analysis, siRNA, qRT-PCR, western blot and other techniques to investigate the underlying mechanism of FHME's actions between the two phenotypes and the key targets.

Results

We observed a notable reduction in inflammation and pain, as well as the decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of IL-1β in synovial tissue of AGA mice upon treatment with FHME. FHME suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-18 expression in BMDM-derived macrophages and inhibited the formation of F4/80+CD86+ cells. Mechanically, FHME protected mitochondrial morphology and stimulated the expression of key oxidative phosphorylation proteins, such as Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein I (UQCRC1), UQCRC2, CYCS, and NDUFA4. Additionally, it enhanced the activity of respiratory complex III, recovered cellular aerobic respiration under LPS and MSU induction. FHME lost its effect to downregulate M1 macrophage polarization with the presence of rotenone or si-UQCRC1. Finally, 10 compounds were identified from FHME having potential binding affinity with the UQCRC1 protein.

Conclusions

The therapeutic potential of FHME for AGA is associated with the maintenance of mitochondrial function to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization, which is intimately linked to the UQCRC1. Our findings highlight the potential of Folium Hibisci Mutabilis as a safe and effective approach for AGA.
Moral distress among inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry staff: a mixed-methods study of experiences and associated factors
Authors: Eder Nora , Nordenberg Kristin , Långström Niklas , Rozental Alexander , Moell Astrid
Published: February 2025

Background

Moral distress among healthcare staff is associated with emotional strain and workforce attrition but remains insufficiently explored in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). We investigated the experiences and factors contributing to moral distress among staff in inpatient CAP.

Methods

We conducted a 2023 nationwide mixed-methods survey with 106 staff members from CAP inpatient units in Sweden. Quantitative data on moral distress were collected using the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, while open-ended questions provided qualitative data on perceptions of moral distress and the impact of working with coercive measures. Findings were integrated using triangulation.

Results

Staff reported high levels of moral distress, with physicians experiencing the highest. Triangulation revealed converging findings with younger and less experienced staff experiencing more moral distress. Aligning with the qualitative theme “Providing care one does not believe in”, moral distress was also strongly associated with quantitative data of a demanding work environment, low social support, and intention to resign from job. The theme “Ethical dilemmas about coercive measures” indicated how coercive measure use could contribute to moral distress, while a more positive attitude to coercive measures was associated with lower moral distress.

Conclusions

Moral distress among CAP inpatient staff in Sweden was pronounced, particularly among younger, less experienced professionals, and physicians. Addressing moral distress appears critical in supporting staff well-being, promoting workforce retention, and maintaining high-quality patient care.
Prognostic significance of systemic immune inflammation index for ovarian cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Boliang , Chen Yingying , Pan Jiewei
Published: February 2025

Objective

Several inflammatory indices have been used to assess the prognosis of ovarian cancer, with variable results. This review assessed whether the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) can predict outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods

Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched by the two reviewers from inception to 15th October 2024 for studies assessing the relationship between SII and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

Ten studies with eleven cohorts were included. Pooled analysis showed that higher SII was a significant predictor of poor OS (HR: 2.35 95% CI: 1.56, 3.55 I2 = 88%) and worse DFS (HR: 2.51 95% CI: 1.71, 3.67 I2 = 80%) after ovarian cancer. Sensitivity analysis failed to change the significance of the results. No publication bias was noted. Most results remained significant on subgroup analyses based on location, sample size, FIGO stage, treatment, adjusted outcomes, cut-off of SII, method of determining cut-off, and quality score.

Conclusions

SII can be a potential predictor of OS and DFS after ovarian cancer. Further studies are required to improve the evidence.
Micafungin versus Amphotericin B in treatment of invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates: a randomized control trial
Authors: Ibrahim Mariam John Amin , Mohammed Fathy Marwa Saad , Ghobrial Mertte Ashraf Thabet , Mohamed Maha Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background

Micafungin, Amphotericin B, and Fluconazole are the primary therapeutic agents employed to address invasive fungal candidiasis in neonates. Resistance to fluconazole is gradually developing in neonatal intensive care units. We aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of Micafungin and Amphotericin B in terms of their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in neonates.

Methods

Fifty-six preterm neonates with invasive fungal infection proven by fungal culture and who had received fluconazole for at least one week were included in our study and were divided randomly into two groups. Micafungin group: twenty-eight preterms received Micafungin at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Amphotericin B group: twenty-eight preterms received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg /kg/day for 14 days. Clinical and laboratory follow up by fungal culture were performed after 14 days.

Results

Neonates in the Micafungin group showed significant increased percentage for complete cure of the fungal infection compared to Amphotericin B group 18(64.3%) vs. 10(35.7%) respectively and decreased percentage of incomplete cure 10(35.7%) vs. 18(64.3%) respectively with p-value 0.030. A higher percentage of neonates were completely cured for both candida albicans (65.2%) and non-albicans (60%) in the micafungin group. Duration of respiratory and circulatory support was significantly shorter also. No additional drug side effects were observed with Micafungin except for mild hypomagnesemia. There was an increase in blood urea nitrogen with Amphotericin B.

Conclusion

Micafungin is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in preterm neonates.

Trial registration

The current study was approved by clinicaltrials.org and the protocol ID NCT06413056 was retrospectively registered in on 11th of march 2024. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06413056?cond=micafungin%20in%20neonates&rank=2.
Success rates of video vs. direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in anesthesiology residents: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (JuniorDoc-VL-Trial)
Authors: Uzun Davut D. , Eicher Simge , Mohr Stefan , Weigand Markus A. , Schmitt Felix C. F.
Published: February 2025

Background

Tracheal intubation is a core skill in airway management for anesthesiologists as well as for other medical professionals involved in advanced airway procedures. Traditionally, tracheal intubation in hospitals has been performed using a Macintosh blade for direct laryngoscopy (DL). However, recent literature increasingly supports the potential benefits of routine video laryngoscopy (VL). The aim of this study was to assess whether primary training in hyperangulated VL improves the first-pass success rate of tracheal intubation among first-year anesthesiology residents, compared to conventional DL training, in the operating room.

Methods

The JuniorDoc-VL Trial is a randomized, controlled, patient-blinded clinical trial of novice anesthesiology residents trained in DL and VL. Thirty residents will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (VL group) or the control group (DL group) with a 1:1 allocation. The first-pass-success (FPS) rates (primary endpoint) and complication rates (secondary endpoint) will be compared between groups.

Discussion

We hypothesize that the primary use of hyperangulated video laryngoscopy (VL) in the experimental group will increase first-pass-success rates among inexperienced residents and reduce complication rates associated with advanced airway management in a mixed patient population. This study may provide an opportunity to develop strategies that allow physicians not routinely involved in anesthesia to effectively learn and maintain their skills in tracheal intubation.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT06360328). Registered on 09.04.2024.
The Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves DCP1A to attenuate its antiviral effects
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Li Zijian , Ma Ruiyi , Xie Shijie , Wang Dan , Quan Rong , Wen Xuexia , Song Jiangwei
Published: February 2025

Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new member of Picornaviridae, causes idiopathic vesicular symptoms in pregnant sows and acute death in neonatal piglets, considerably damaging the swine industry. The viral protease 3C (3Cpro) cleaves host immune-related molecules to create a favorable environment for viral replication. In this study, we found that mRNA decapping enzyme 1A (DCP1A) is a novel antiviral effector against SVV infection that targets 3D viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for OPTN-mediated autophagic degradation. To counteract this effect, SVV 3Cpro targets DCP1A for cleavage at glutamine 343 (Q343), resulting in the cleaved products DCP1A (1–343) and DCP1A (344–580), which lose the ability to restrict SVV replication. In contrast, the 3C cleavage-resistant DCP1A-Q343A mutant exhibited stronger antiviral effects than the wild-type DCP1A. Additionally, the degradation of the viral 3D protein targeted by DCP1A was abolished after its cleavage by SVV 3Cpro. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro is a pivotal ISG antagonist that cleaves DCP1A. These results offer novel insight into how viruses evade host immunity.
Elucidating the causal relationship of mechanical power and lung injury: a dynamic approach to ventilator management
Authors: Wu ChaoPing , Canakoglu Arif , Vine Jacob , Mathur Anya , Nath Ronit , Kashiouris Markos , Mathur Piyush , Ercole Ari , Elbers Paul , Duggal Abhijit , Wong Ken Koon , Bhattacharyya Anirban
Published: February 2025

Background

Mechanical power (MP) serves as a crucial predictive indicator for ventilator-induced lung injury and plays a pivotal role in tailoring the management of mechanical ventilation. However, its application across different diseases and stages remains nuanced.

Methods

Using AmsterdamUMCdb, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the causal relationship between MP and outcomes of invasive mechanical ventilation, specifically SpO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) and ventilator-free days at day 28 (VFD28). We employed causal inferential analysis with backdoor linear regression and double machine learning, guided by directed acyclic graphs, to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) in the whole population and conditional average treatment effect (CATE) in the individual cohort. Additionally, to enhance interpretability and identify MP thresholds, we conducted a simulation analysis.

Results

In the study, we included 11,110 unique admissions into analysis, of which 58.3% (6391) were surgical admissions. We revealed a negative and significant causal effect of median MP on VFD28, with estimated ATEs of −0.135 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.15 to −0.121). The similar effect was not observed in Maximal MP and minimal MP. The effect of MP was more pronounced in the medical subgroup, with a CATE of −0.173 (95% CI: −0.197 to −0.143) determined through backdoor linear regression. Patients with cardio, respiratory, and infection diagnoses, who required long-term intubation, sustained higher impact on CATEs across various admission diagnoses. Our simulations showed that there is no single MP threshold that can be applied to all patients, as the optimal threshold varies depending on the patient’s condition.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the importance of tailoring MP adjustments on an individualized basis in ventilator management. This approach opens up new avenues for personalized treatment strategies and provides fresh insights into the real-time impact of MP in diverse clinical scenarios. It highlights the significance of median MP while acknowledging the absence of universally applicable thresholds.
Assessment of changes in menstrual pattern, menstrual volume, and sex hormones (FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, and AMH) in women of childbearing age with COVID-19 in Semnan, Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vafaeinezhad Zahra , Sarandili Sadra , Mousavi Safa , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Rahmanian Mojgan
Published: February 2025

Introduction and objectives

Women’s reproductive and fertility health may be influenced by COVID-19. However, data on whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects menstrual pattern, menstrual volume, and sex hormone levels remain limited. This study aimed to investigate changes in the pattern and volume of menstruation as well as levels of FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, and AMH in women of reproductive age following COVID-19.

Patients and methods

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 30 healthy women (aged 18–36 years) who presented with male-factor infertility. Participants were included if they were non-menopausal, had negative pregnancy test results, and no history of significant medical illness or drug treatment. Women using contraceptive treatments or who had undergone specific therapeutic procedures or medications for infertility were excluded. Additionally, women who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were excluded. All participants had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (positive PCR test). To minimize acute-phase fluctuations, we re-evaluated participants 5- to 7-month post-infection. We compared pre- and post-infection hormone levels from their medical records, and we used a screening checklist to assess menstrual pattern (e.g., oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea) and menstrual volume. Each participant effectively served as her own control. Data were analyzed at a 95% confidence level with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

The mean (± SD) age was 29.23 ± 3.45 years. Nearly one-third (33%) reported new-onset changes in menstrual pattern after COVID-19, including oligomenorrhea (20%) and polymenorrhea (13%). No participants experienced amenorrhea. Post-infection hormone levels showed a slight increase in FSH, LH, TSH, and prolactin and a decrease in AMH; however, only TSH exhibited a statistically significant rise. Changes in hormone levels were not associated with treatment methods, hospitalization, or pulmonary involvement. By contrast, those with a history of hospitalization had more frequent alterations in menstrual volume and pattern (P = 0.041 and P = 0.006, respectively). Pulmonary involvement did not significantly impact menstrual volume or pattern.

Conclusion

COVID-19 may be linked to significant increases in TSH and notable shifts in menstrual pattern and volume among healthy women of reproductive age, while other sex hormones remained largely unchanged. Further research with larger sample sizes and a formal control group is needed to clarify these observations.
Epicardial fat volume assessment via cardiac computed tomography: a novel indicator in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Abdelaziz Hanaa Mahmoud Mohammad , Hamdi Mohamed , Mahfouz Essam Mohamed Elsaid , Zidan Sahar Gamal El-din Ibrahim , Hatata Ahmad , Elfadl Hend Gamal Abu
Published: February 2025

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality, frequently within multiple comorbidities like obesity. Pathophysiology of HFpEF is implicated by emerging evidence that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) or epicardial fat serves an essential function. This research intends to determine the association between EAT volume and HFpEF using cardiac computed tomography and correlate it with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction.

Results

This case–control study included 80 participants (40 HFpEF patients and 40 matched controls). HFpEF patients exhibited significantly higher EAT volume (147.9 ± 28.6 cm3) compared to controls (98.3 ± 20.4  cm3, P ≤ 0.001). EAT volume showed a strong positive correlation with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.9, P ≤ 0.001) and mean E/e′ ratio (r = 0.9, P ≤ 0.001). ROC analysis exhibited an optimal cutoff value of > 124 cm3 for EAT volume, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9, yielding a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 95% for diagnostic accuracy of HFpEF.

Conclusions

EAT volume is significantly elevated in HFpEF patients and correlates with diastolic dysfunction severity, and is independent predictor for HFpEF highlighting its potential as a noninvasive marker for diagnosing and monitoring HFpEF. EAT assessment may offer new insights into targeted therapeutic strategies for managing HFpEF.
Enhanced structural, dielectric, and antibacterial properties of Sr(1−x)CuxO2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel method
Authors: Atlam Ahmed S. , Talha Abeer T. , Meaz Talaat M. , Hasanin Mohamed S. , El Nahrawy Amany M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigated the preparation, characterization, and antibacterial properties of strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles doped with different ratios of copper oxide (CuO) (1, 2, 3, and 4 mol.%). The SrO@CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel method, which is known for producing highly homogeneous and pure nanoparticles in a versatile and cost-effective manner. The study investigates the impact of CuO on the growth of the nanoparticles and their antibacterial and dielectric properties. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, and dielectric spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphological, crystallographic, and electric properties of the SrO@CuO nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles were performed to study the polarization at the interface, energy loss (tan ε), and conductivity from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz. Koop's two-layer model was suggested to explain the changes in impedance with frequency. The model suggests that the samples contain well-directing grains detached by some insulating grain boundary. As the frequency increases, the impedance decreases, and the interfacial polarization goes down. This happens when the dielectric dipoles stop following the applied reciprocating electric field. The antibacterial effects of CuO nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were also observed. The samples showed antibacterial efficacy. The study found that the concentration of CuO significantly affects the structure, spectroscopic properties, and antibacterial efficacy of the CuO nanoparticles. The results indicate that SrO@CuO nanoparticles are appropriate for energy storage, recording media, microwaves, and antimicrobial agents.
Direction effect of vertical ground motion on seismic damages of friction-based isolated RC piers
Authors: Shid Golshid , Shiravand Mahmoud R. , Mahboubi Shima
Published: February 2025

The major focus in earthquake analysis is typically on the excitation caused by two in-plane horizontal components. However, the direction of vertical ground motion (VGM) is a critical aspect of an earthquake’s inherent nature that has received less attention in recent research. Accordingly’, the present study investigates the effects of VGM direction on the responses of a multi-span continuous concrete bridge pier seismically isolated with a friction pendulum system (FPS). The friction-based isolator is chosen because vertical force influences the coefficient of friction through variations in the normal force. To precisely assess the impact of vertical ground motion, a coefficient is proposed based on the ratio of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the vertical component in the upward and downward directions. The incremental dynamic analysis approach for the vertical component of an earthquake (IDA-V) is introduced and applied using a set of ground motion records. These records are categorized by their predominant vertical acceleration direction to emphasize the vertical impacts of inertia forces on the overall bridge responses. Fragility curves for substructure components are then developed. The results indicate that when the predominant direction of VGM is upward, it can cause compression-based damage in structural components, such as column compression failure and increased displacement of the friction pendulum systems (FPS). Conversely, when the predominant direction of VGM is downward, it can lead to tension-based damage, including tensile forces along the columns and a higher probability of isolator uplift. In general, incorporating the effects of VGM in the analysis increases the probability of failure across all structural components and damage states. Additionally, accounting for the upward or downward direction of VGM results in distinct types of damage.
Automated model for fault detection in grid-connected solar systems
Authors: Singh Vinay , Beniwal Ruby
Published: February 2025

This research presented an automated model for fault detection of grid grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with an improvement in fault detection in grid-connected solar power systems with the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm using feature selection. The dataset consists of data in two modes, i.e., low power point tracking (LPPT) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each fault. Seven faults are considered in the research which includes a vast range of complexity which is a challenge for the practical grid-connected PV systems. Using feature selection, the number of independent variables is reduced as well as the performance of the algorithm is enhanced to 0.999995 in terms of F1 score. Profiles for parameters for each fault in the solar PV system have been created. A comparison of the KNN algorithm is also done with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm on the same dataset to verify the performance. The method outperforms principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction which is a computationally heavy process. Therefore, the research overall improves the performance of solar systems by automatically fault detection and it reduces complexity and reduces cost too in solar power generation.
RMS velocity estimation by a deep-learning method
Authors: Liu Yu , Yilmaz Oz , Zhang Ji , Wang Han , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

Migration velocity analysis is often a crucial yet labor-intensive step in seismic data processing, traditionally involving iterative manual picking of semblance spectra. This process is subjective and can lead to inconsistent results from different analysts. Despite advancements in automated velocity estimation, most methods process a single common-midpoint gather or semblance spectrum individually, neglecting lateral continuity between midpoints. We propose a novel approach using a 3D U-Net to extract the entire 2D root-mean-square (RMS) velocity field from a 3D constant-velocity migration (CVM) volume of any size. The 3D convolutions in the U-Net enable feature extraction across three dimensions of the CVM volumevelocity, time, and midpoint. The training and validation processes utilize a diverse collection of synthetic and field data to ensure robustness and real-world applicability. Initial tests on synthetic examples indicate that this method can handle the RMS velocity field generated by horizontal layers, undulating layers, and simple faults. Leveraging the transfer learning strategy, we apply our model to the Marmousi dataset and two field datasets. The predicted velocity fields and corresponding prestack time migration images demonstrate that this deep learning method efficiently produces stable and geologically plausible RMS velocity fields, closely matching conventional manual picking results. These findings suggest that neural networks have the potential to process large-scale and complex field seismic datasets.
Space-charge driven Second Harmonic Generation in nanometric conductors
Authors: Szeftel Jacob , Sandeau Nicolas , Lévy Jean-Claude Serge
Published: February 2025

The properties of harmonic waves, carrying a \textit{longitudinal} electric field and a \textit{space-charge} density, made up of conduction electrons, are investigated in metals and semi-conductors with help of a \textit{classical} analysis. The associated dispersion curve is worked out. These findings are further applied to unravel a \textit{novel} second harmonic generation mechanism for an electromagnetic wave shone on a \textit{nanometric} wire, with frequency ranging from the \textit{IF} up to \textit{UV} domain. The calculated efficiency in semi-conductors might be higher by $12$ \textit{orders of magnitude} than in metals. \textit{Observable predictions} are made.
Optical analysis of single- and double-layer thin film using nickel and chromium transition metal as a neutral density filter
Authors: Yadav Mini , Shankar Ajay , Rani Mamta
Published: February 2025

Nickel, Nichrome and Cr/Ni double layer thin film with optimum thickness 10nm was fabricated using E-Beam evaporation coating system at same deposition parameter. The deposition was operated in a high vacuum environment (5×10-5 mbar) on the borosilicate glass substrate. The optical analysis was done using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (LAMBDA 750 (Perkin Elmer) with step of 1nm in the visible range of spectrum. The transmittance data were used to calculate the optical density of filter. The optical density of Cr/Ni double layer was found to be higher than another sample i.e. 0.84 and has more neutrality i.e. ΔOD = 0.06. The variation in transmission of Nickel, Nichrome and Cr/Ni was 9%, 6% and only 2% respectively. The transmittance was uniform throughout the visible range. The optical parameter such as refractive index and extinction coefficient were derived from the reflectance and absorbance data. From AFM analysis it was depicted that surface roughness and RMS value were also decreases with double layer of transition metal for stable and durable Neutral Density Filter (NDF). The reduced roughness indicates that there is no loss of scattering of light in the filter. The topographical analysis of thin films was confirmed that uniform and smooth coating was achieved.
Design and Staged Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Preoperative Anemia Clinic at a Tertiary Care Medical Center
Authors: Crispell Ethan H. , Cassianni Claire E. , Burt Jennifer M. , Gonzalez Jessica A. , Petsch Jamie L. , Hanson Andrew C. , Robbins Kellie A. , Go Ronald S. , Crestanello Juan A. , Jacob Adam K. , Kor Daryl J. , Warner Matthew A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Preoperative anemia is common and associated with adverse outcomes in surgical patients. There is limited information to guide the design and implementation of preoperative anemia clinics (PAC), which represents a critical barrier to entry for many practices.

METHODS:

This is a descriptive observational study highlighting the design and implementation of a multidisciplinary PAC, including key steps in planning, stakeholder engagement, organizational structure, identification of target populations, establishing anemia treatments, information technology and electronic health record integration, provider training, and data infrastructure. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and anemia treatments for individuals evaluated in the PAC from November 4, 2019 through September 15, 2023 are enumerated. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessing changes in anemia symptoms and well-being after surgery are evaluated for 2 subsets of patients (one before PAC implementation [pre-PAC], another after PAC implementation [post-PAC]), without formal statistical comparison given limited sample sizes.

RESULTS:

The PAC was initiated as a multidisciplinary effort under support from a Mayo Clinic Practice Transformation Award in 2019, including broad representation from anesthesiology, surgery, and medical practices, along with institutional project management support (eg, project manager, information technologists, systems engineers). While initially limited to cardiac surgery patients, the PAC underwent planned incremental expansion to include other surgical services. Over the study period, 1188 PAC consultations across 1159 unique patients met eligibility criteria, with a median age of 66 (57–73) years and 58.1% women. The most common etiology of anemia was iron deficiency (69.1%) followed by anemia related to cancer (17.3%). Anemia-directed therapies were recommended in 1038 (87.4%) encounters, with 730 (70.3%) of those receiving recommended treatment preoperatively. Seven hundred nine (97.1%) treatments included intravenous iron and 146 (20.0%) included erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Fifteen pre-PAC and 38 post-PAC implementation patients completed PROs. PAC implementation was accompanied by earlier resolution of anemia symptoms and less pronounced declines in postoperative well-being scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

This report highlights the key steps for successful PAC implementation. Treatment is possible for most patients and may be accompanied by improvements in patient-important outcomes.
Neuraxial Analgesia and Anesthesia for Labor and Cesarean Delivery in a Patient with Juvenile Huntington Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Soloniuk Leonard J. , Jones Jonathan , Baker Christopher , Bishawi Mira , Pasca Ioana , Sinha Ashish
Published: February 2025

The rarity of Huntington’s disease (HD) parturients implies that anesthesiologists have little exposure to the management of these patients. We explore techniques for the management of a 21-year-old parturient with symptomatic HD who underwent successful neuraxial anesthesia for labor and subsequent cesarean delivery. We provide guidance on perioperative medications for comorbidities associated with HD. Dexmedetomidine, which we administered neuraxially, appears to have significant potential for the perioperative diminution of choreiform movements. Current anesthetic management of HD cannot be informed by traditional research methodology and therefore much information must be gleaned from the limited available case reports.
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of sensory-dependent gene expression in developing mouse visual cortex
Authors: Xavier Andre M. , Lin Qianyu , Kang Chris J. , Cheadle Lucas
Published: February 2025

Sensory experience drives the maturation of neural circuits during postnatal brain development through molecular mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. One likely mechanism involves the sensory-dependent expression of genes that encode direct mediators of circuit remodeling within developing cells. To identify potential drivers of sensory-dependent synaptic development, we generated a single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset describing the transcriptional responses of cells in mouse visual cortex to sensory deprivation or stimulation during a developmental window when visual input is necessary for circuit refinement. We sequenced 118,529 nuclei across sixteen neuronal and non-neuronal cell types isolated from control, sensory deprived, and sensory stimulated mice, identifying 1,268 sensory-induced genes within the developing brain. While experience elicited transcriptomic changes in all cell types, excitatory neurons in layer 2/3 exhibited the most robust changes, and the sensory-induced genes in these cells are poised to strengthen synapse-to-nucleus crosstalk and to promote cell-type-specific axon guidance pathways. Altogether, we expect this dataset to significantly broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which sensory experience shapes neural circuit wiring in the developing brain.
Breaking the Cycle of Shame: Understanding and Exploring Solutions to Fitness Shaming
Authors: Lippold Joseph , Kaplan Hannah , Broome Jessica , Rosenbloom Christine
Published: February 2025

Apply It!

By reading this article, health and exercise professionals will:

• Learn about the prevalence and effects of fitness shaming.

• Recognize the cycle of shame that inhibits clients from meeting their fitness goals.

• Identify actionable suggestions for exercise professionals to help combat shaming.
AIIMS ICU Rehabilitation (AIR): development and description of intervention for home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients
Authors: Tripathy Swagata , Shetty Asha P. , Hansda Upendra , P Nanda Kumar , Sahoo Alok Kumar , V Mahalingam , Mahapatra Sujata , Mitra Jayanta Kumar , Rao P Bhaskar , Sanyal Kasturi , Panda Itimayee , N Guruprasad , Sahoo Jagannath , Eborral Helen , Lone Nazir , Haniffa Rashan , Beane Abi
Published: February 2025

Background The paucity of state-supported rehabilitation for chronically ill patients with long-term tracheostomies has ramifications of prolonged hospital-stay, increased burden on acute-care resources, and nosocomial infections. Few interventions describe home rehabilitation of adult tracheostomized patients. Almost none involve stakeholders. This paper describes the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) ICU rehabilitation (AIR) healthcare intervention developed to facilitate home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients. Methods The AIR intervention development was based on the experience-based codesign theory (EBCD). A core research-committee studied prevalent knowledge and gaps in the area. Patients-carer and health-care stakeholders’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to home care resulted in an intervention with interlinked components: family-carer training, equipment bank, m-health application, and follow-up, guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. Healthcare stakeholders (doctors, nurses, medical equipment vendors) and patient-carer dyads were engaged to gather experiences at various stages to form smaller codesign teams for each component. Multiple codesign meetings iteratively allowed refinement of the intervention over one year. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was used to report the AIR intervention. Results The first component comprised a minimum of three bedside hands-on training sessions for carers relating to tracheostomy suction, catheter care, monitoring oxygenation, enteral feeding, skincare, and physiotherapy, buttressed by pictorial-books and videos embedded in a mobile-application. The second was an equipment-bank involving a rental-retrieval model. The third component was a novel m-health tool for two-way communication with the core group and community of other patient-carers in the project for follow-up and troubleshooting. Home visits on days 7 and 21 post-discharge assessed patient hygiene, nutrition, physiotherapy, and established contact with the nearest primary healthcare facility for the future. Conclusions Findings support the EBCD-based development using active feedback from stakeholders. Assessment of feasibility, process and effectiveness evaluation will follow.
The genome sequence of the lesser sand-eel, Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934
Authors: Vang Helga Bára Mohr , Salter Ian , Mikalsen Svein-Ole , í  Kongsstovu Sunnvør ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Ammodytes marinus (the lesser sand-eel; Chordata; Actinopteri; Uranoscopiformes; Ammodytidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 777.80 megabases. Most of the primary assembly (95.51%) is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.53 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22,410 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Flame Carpet moth, Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. , Sivess Laura , Holt Steph ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a female Xanthorhoe designata (Flame Carpet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 351.47 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.45%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.55 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,291 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of the wood gnat, Sylvicola cinctus (Fabricius, 1787)
Authors: Sivell Duncan , Sivell Olga , Blagoderov Vladimir ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a female Sylvicola cinctus (Wood gnat; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Anisopodidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 179.14 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.93%) is scaffolded into 3 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.23 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of a mirid bug, Stenodema calcarata (Fallen, 1807)
Authors: McCulloch James , Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Stenodema calcarata (mirid bug; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Miridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 575.35 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.42%) is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.31 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of a long-legged fly, Scellus notatus (Fabricius, 1781)
Authors: Falk Steven , Crowley Liam M. , McCulloch James , Akinmusola Ruth Y. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a female Scellus notatus (long-legged fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Dolichopodidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 446.83 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.72%) is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.7 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of an ichneumonid wasp, Paraperithous gnathaulax (Thomson, 1877)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. , Barnes Ian , Fletcher Chris , Crowley Liam M. , Januszczak Inez ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of Paraperithous gnathaulax (ichneumonid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 500.93 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.89%) is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 31.02 kilobases.
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Robust Drone-Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Joo Jaegwan , Lee Chungmok
Published: February 2025

This paper considers a cooperative routing problem in which trucks and multiple drones serve a set of customers collaboratively. A truck can operate as a drone station, dispatching and collecting multiple drones for nearby customers to overcome the drone’s short operation range. Each customer has a time window, so either a truck or a drone must serve the customer within the time window. The travel time uncertainties of the truck and drone are addressed by adopting the robust optimization approach. We first present a compact mathematical formulation for the problem. Then, we develop a decomposition approach based on the branch-and-price framework. After defining extended variables for trucks and drones separately, we decompose the column generation subproblem into two optimization problems, resulting in a two-phase column generation algorithm. We also develop a heuristic algorithm based on the proposed column generation scheme for larger instances. The results of numerical experiments, including real-life benchmark instances, show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming solver.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete.

Funding: Financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [Grant NRF-2021R1F1A1 048540] is gratefully acknowledged. C. Lee was supported by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0484 ), as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0484 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .