bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic study of carbon-free oxide-based lining for preventing submerged entry nozzle clogging in continuous casting of rare earth steel
Authors: Ma Fei-xiang , Gu Qiang , Liu Guo-qi , Zhang Yi , Li Hong-xia
Published: October 2024

The reaction of carbon-free oxide-based (corundum, spinel, zirconia, and mullite) submerged entry nozzle (SEN) lining with rare earth inclusions and its anti-clogging effects under near working conditions were systematically studied. A variety of lining composite test methods were innovatively used to ensure the consistency of test conditions. The experimental results showed that the mullite (acidic oxide) has strong reactivity with rare earth inclusions, and the spinel (basic oxide) has stable chemical properties and weak reactivity with rare earth inclusions. Because alumina is one of the main reactants of clogging formation, corundum is not suitable for SEN lining. There are less clogs on the surface of zirconia, but it will be exsoluted and unstable. Therefore, solving the problem of zirconia exsolution will greatly strengthen its application in SEN lining.
A New History of Theatre in France
Authors: Biet Christian
Published: October 2024

Theatre in France was the first in Europe to be written in the vernacular as opposed to Latin. It has provided the English language with the medieval word farce, the early-modern word role, and the modern term mise en scène. Molière is single-handedly responsible for launching European-style playwriting in North Africa. Today, it is only a slight exaggeration to say that it's harder to get tickets for the Festival d'Avignon, one of the world's largest theatre festivals, than for the Rolling Stones' farewell tour. Containing chapters by globally eminent theatre experts, many of whom will be read in English for the first time, this collaborative history testifies to the central part theatre has played for over a thousand years in both French culture and world culture. Crucially, too, it places centre-stage the genders, ethnicities and classes that have had to wait in the wings of theatres, and of theatre criticism.
Universal versus targeted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrival antigen testing on subsequent COVID-19 infections in military trainees
Authors: Westbrook Marquise D. , Aden James , Kieffer John W. , Winkler Erin L. , Osuna Angela B. , Casey Theresa M. , Frankel Dianne N. , Kiley John L. , Yun Heather C. , Marcus Joseph E.
Published: October 2024

In this retrospective cohort study of military trainees, symptomatic-only coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrival antigen testing decreased isolation requirements without increasing secondary cases compared to universal antigen testing. Symptomatic-only arrival antigen testing is a feasible alternative for individuals entering a congregant setting with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 anti-N antibodies among healthcare personnel without previous known COVID-19
Authors: Tiwary Sajal , O’Neil Caroline A. , Peacock Kate , Cass Candice , Amor Mostafa , Wallace Meghan A. , McDonald David , Arter Olivia , Alvarado Kelly , Vogt Lucy , Stewart Henry , Park Daniel , Fraser Victoria J. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Farnsworth Christopher W. , Kwon Jennie H. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To measure SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody seropositivity among healthcare personnel (HCP) without a history of COVID-19 and to identify HCP characteristics associated with seropositivity.

Design:

Prospective cohort study from September 22, 2020, to March 3, 2022.

Setting:

A tertiary care academic medical center.

Participants:

727 HCP without prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing were enrolled; 559 HCP successfully completed follow-up.

Methods:

At enrollment and follow-up 1–6 months later, HCP underwent SARS-CoV-2 anti-N testing and were surveyed on demographics, employment information, vaccination status, and COVID-19 symptoms and exposures.

Results:

Of 727 HCP enrolled, 27 (3.7%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 anti-N test at enrollment. Seropositive HCPs were more likely to have a household exposure to COVID-19 in the past 30 days (OR 7.92, 95% CI 2.44–25.73), to have had an illness thought to be COVID-19 (4.31, 1.94–9.57), or to work with COVID-19 patients more than half the time (2.09, 0.94–4.77). Among 559 HCP who followed-up, 52 (9.3%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 anti-N antibody test result. Seropositivity at follow-up was associated with community/household exposures to COVID-19 within the past 30 days (9.50, 5.02–17.96; 2.90, 1.31–6.44), having an illness thought to be COVID-19 (8.24, 4.44–15.29), and working with COVID-19 patients more than half the time (1.50, 0.80–2.78).

Conclusions:

Among HCP without prior positive SARS-CoV-2 testing, SARS-CoV-2 anti-N seropositivity was comparable to that of the general population and was associated with COVID-19 symptomatology and both occupational and non-occupational exposures to COVID-19.
Epigenetic changes in patients with post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (PACS) and long-COVID: A systematic review
Authors: Shekhar Patil Madhura , Richter Emma , Fanning Lara , Hendrix Jolien , Wyns Arne , Barrero Santiago Laura , Nijs Jo , Godderis Lode , Polli Andrea
Published: October 2024

Background

Up to 30% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 report disabling symptoms 2 years after the infection. Over 100 persistent symptoms have been associated with Post-Acute COVID-19 Symptoms (PACS) and/or long-COVID, showing a significant clinical heterogeneity. To develop effective, patient-targeted treatment, a better understanding of underlying mechanisms is needed. Epigenetics has helped elucidating the pathophysiology of several health conditions and it might help unravelling inter-individual differences in patients with PACS and long-COVID. As accumulating research is exploring epigenetic mechanisms in PACS and long-COVID, we systematically summarized the available literature on the topic.

Methods

We interrogated five databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and medXriv/bioXriv) and followed PRISMA and SWiM guidelines to report our results.

Results

Eight studies were included in our review. Six studies explored DNA methylation in PACS and/or long-COVID, while two studies explored miRNA expression in long-COVID associated with lung complications. Sample sizes were mostly small and study quality was low or fair. The main limitation of the included studies was a poor characterization of the patient population that made a homogeneous synthesis of the literature challenging. However, studies on DNA methylation showed that mechanisms related to the immune and the autonomic nervous system, and cell metabolism might be implicated in the pathophysiology of PACS and long-COVID.

Conclusion

Epigenetic changes might help elucidating PACS and long-COVID underlying mechanisms, aid subgrouping, and point towards tailored treatments. Preliminary evidence is promising but scarce. Biological and epigenetic research on long-COVID will benefit millions of people suffering from long-COVID and has the potential to be transferable and benefit other conditions as well, such as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). We urge future research to employ longitudinal designs and provide a better characterization of included patients.
The influence of static versus dynamic pressure distribution strategies for modelling nonlinear waves generated by ships
Authors: Yao Jinyu , Bingham Harry B. , Zhang Xinshu
Published: October 2024

A moving static pressure distribution is commonly used to simulate a travelling ship. However, the ship movement changes the fluid velocity around the hull, inducing pressures on the hull surface that are no longer equal to the static pressure. Therefore, we introduce a dynamic pressure correction strategy, which can accurately simulate the impact of the ship movement on the hull-surface pressure and preserve the desired hull shape under both stationary and transient conditions. The strategy is applied to a high-order spectral model and used to investigate ship-induced waves and wave resistance over a both flat and variable topography. We explore various parameters in our study, including the average water depth to ship draft ratio (

$h_0/d$

), the channel width to ship width ratio (

$W/B$

), the Froude number (

$Fr_0=U/\sqrt {gh_0}$

) and variations in bathymetric slope. Compared with experiments on a flat bottom, the numerical results with dynamic correction show better accuracy in the simulation of ship-induced waves and wave resistance than those obtained using a static pressure distribution. The correlation coefficient for wake waves between the numerical and experimental results is improved by approximately 0.25 with the dynamic correction strategy. The amplitude and wavelength of ship-induced mini-tsunamis over a variable topography are found to be reduced when employing a dynamic correction compared with a static pressure distribution, and this effect becomes more pronounced with higher Froude number. The static pressure approach is shown to allow large deformations of the desired hull shape and changes in ship volume which are responsible for the different wave patterns from the two approaches.
Effects of asymmetric rough boundaries on turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Cheng Bu-Ying-Chao , Zhang Lu , Xia Ke-Qing , Xie Yi-Chao
Published: October 2024

We report on an experimental study of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with asymmetric top and bottom plates. The plates are covered with pyramid-shaped roughness elements whose aspect ratios are

$\lambda =1$

or

$\lambda =4$

. In the low-Rayleigh-number regime (

$Ra<1.9\times 10^9$

), the heat transport efficiencies in the asymmetric cells, characterized by the Nusselt number, are smaller than those measured in a symmetric

$\lambda = 1$

cell and are greater than those for a symmetric

$\lambda = 4$

cell, whereas in the high-Rayleigh-number regime (

$Ra>1.9\times 10^9$

), the Nusselt numbers of the asymmetric cells are, in turn, greater than those for the symmetric cell with

$\lambda = 1$

and smaller than those for the symmetric cell with

$\lambda = 4$

. In addition, the heat transports of individual plates are studied based on the temperature drops across both halves of the cell. In the low-

$Ra$

regime, the

$\lambda =1$

plate shows higher heat transfer than the

$\lambda =4$

plate, while for the high-

$Ra$

regime, the

$\lambda =4$

plate shows a higher heat transport ability. In both regimes, the individual Nusselt number of the plate with lower heat transfer is insensitive to the topology of the other plate. Besides, it is found that the symmetry of the centre temperature distribution is robust to the symmetry breaking of boundary topographies. For the

$Ra$

range explored, a weak temperature inversion is observed in the bulk of asymmetric rough cells. Finally, we remark that the temperature fluctuation at the cell centre and the Reynolds number associated with the large-scale circulation show universal power laws in terms of the flux Rayleigh number as

$\sigma _{T_{c}}\sim Ra_F^{0.68}$

and

$Re_{LSC}\sim Ra_F^{0.36}$

, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Drug Shortages in the US and Germany (2016 – 2023)
Authors: Nussli Emanuel , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Vokinger Kerstin N.
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes trends in drug shortages in the US and Germany, the largest pharmaceutical market in Europe, between 2016 and 2023. It assesses the commonalities and differences between the countries in terms of active substances in shortage, time duration in shortage, and cyclic trends.
USPTO’s Lax Policy Leads to Humira Formulation Thicket
Authors: Chao Bernard
Published: October 2024

Biosimilar drugs enter the United States market well after they enter the European market. That is likely because pharmaceutical companies have many more patents in the United States than in Europe. But why is patent coverage of biological drugs so much more extensive in United States? This case study seeks to answer this question for drug formulation patents.
The Bridge Builder: Charity Scott’s Expansive Vision for Lawyers, Health, and Society
Authors: Silverman Ross D. , Tobin-Tyler Elizabeth , Berman Micah L.
Published: October 2024

Balancing on a tightrope twenty feet above the ground is outside the comfort zones of many health law professors. Being there forces you to consider in new ways yourself, your skills, and your surroundings. Fears arise, and yet you must still act. And you must trust that the person who offered you this opportunity cared about you and your well-being, and that they would ensure there was a way to get from where you began to the other side.
The angular correlation function as measured by the GLEAM-X survey
Authors: Venville Brandon , Parkinson David , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Galvin Timothy James , Ross Kathryn
Published: October 2024

The angular correlation is a method for measuring the distribution of structure in the Universe, through the statistical properties of the angular distribution of galaxies on the sky. We measure the angular correlation of galaxies from the second data release of the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended survey (GLEAM-X) survey, a low-frequency radio survey covering declinations below

$+30^\circ$

. We find an angular distribution consistent with the

$\Lambda$

CDM cosmological model assuming the best fitting cosmological parameters from Planck Collaboration et al. (2020, A&A, 641, A6). We fit a bias function to the discrete tracers of the underlying matter distribution, finding a bias that evolves with redshift in either a linear or exponential fashion to be a better fit to the data than a constant bias. We perform a covariance analysis to obtain an estimation of the properties of the errors, by analytic, jackknife, and sample variance means. Our results are consistent with previous studies on the topic, and also the predictions of the

$\Lambda$

CDM cosmological model.
The Enderby Bark Shield: A New Model for the Ancient World
Authors: ADAMS SOPHIA , BEAMISH MATTHEW , CARTWRIGHT CAROLINE , WILLS BARBARA
Published: October 2024

A 2300 year old bark shield found in Enderby, Leicestershire, in 2015 is the only known example of its type. Made from the bark of a willow tree, it has a woven basket boss, a roundwood handle, and a rim of split roundwood edging and lime bast bindings. Pre-Roman shields made from organic materials rarely survive in Britain and Ireland and those without metal components are exceptionally rare. Contemporaneous wooden shields are known from anaerobic environments in Scandinavia but, unlike Enderby, none of these has a body of tree bark. The complexity of the design of the Enderby shield, the skill with which it was made, and the similarities between this and metal examples suggests it was a tried and tested design, rather than a one-off. With no other example against which to compare it, experiments in reproducing the shield have been used as a tool for interpretation and have proved vital to understanding the original design. As a result of this research, it is proposed that this single artefact represents a more commonly available form of shield in the 1st millennium bc than does any metal enhanced version.
A necessary condition for breakeven in dipole-confined plasmas
Authors: Di Vita A.
Published: October 2024

We have derived a necessary condition for the achievement of breakeven in axisymmetric plasmas with zero toroidal field and confined by a dipole magnetic field (B. Lehnert, Nature, vol. 181, 1958, p. 4605; A. Hasegawa, Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol. 11, no. 3, 1987). Excellent MHD stability, high values of

$\beta$

(up to

$26$

 %) and good confinement properties awaken the interest of private investors after years of neglect due to lack of public funding and competing alternative lines of research like the tokamak. Starting from a requirement of self-consistency between the balances of momentum and energy in a dipole-confined, two-species plasma and assuming a Maxwellian distribution function for ions and electrons, we derive a necessary condition for breakeven. This condition is more stringent than the Lawson criterion because of the lack of a stabilizing toroidal field. For a given current flowing across the toroidal coil internal to the plasma, the crucial factor at stake is the ratio between the radius of the main toroidal coil and the radius of the vacuum chamber.
Conference on ‘nutrition and wellbeing in Oceania’
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M. , Smith Claire , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , von Hurst Pamela , Gibbs Michelle , Flood Victoria M. , MacKay Sally
Published: October 2024

Oceania is currently facing a substantial challenge: to provide sustainable and ethical food systems that support nutrition and health across land and water. The Nutrition Society of Australia and the Nutrition Society of New Zealand held a joint 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting on ‘Nutrition and Wellbeing in Oceania’ attended by 408 delegates. This was a timely conference focussing on nutrition challenges across the Pacific, emphasising the importance of nutrition across land and water, education settings, women’s health and gut health. Cutting-edge, multi-disciplinary and collaborative research was presented in a 4-day programme of keynote presentations, workshops, oral and poster sessions, breakfast and lunch symposiums and early career researcher sessions. The conference highlighted the importance of collaboration between nations to address the challenge facing nutrition and wellbeing across Oceania. A systems approach of collaboration among scientists, industry and government is vital for finding solutions to this challenge.
The development and applications of multidimensional biomolecular spectroscopy illustrated by photosynthetic light harvesting
Authors: Fleming Graham R. , Scholes Gregory D.
Published: October 2024

The parallel and synergistic developments of atomic resolution structural information, new spectroscopic methods, their underpinning formalism, and the application of sophisticated theoretical methods have led to a step function change in our understanding of photosynthetic light harvesting, the process by which photosynthetic organisms collect solar energy and supply it to their reaction centers to initiate the chemistry of photosynthesis. The new spectroscopic methods, in particular multidimensional spectroscopies, have enabled a transition from recording rates of processes to focusing on mechanism. We discuss two ultrafast spectroscopies – two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy – and illustrate their development through the lens of photosynthetic light harvesting. Both spectroscopies provide enhanced spectral resolution and, in different ways, reveal pathways of energy flow and coherent oscillations which relate to the quantum mechanical mixing of, for example, electronic excitations (excitons) and nuclear motions. The new types of information present in these spectra provoked the application of sophisticated quantum dynamical theories to describe the temporal evolution of the spectra and provide new questions for experimental investigation. While multidimensional spectroscopies have applications in many other areas of science, we feel that the investigation of photosynthetic light harvesting has had the largest influence on the development of spectroscopic and theoretical methods for the study of quantum dynamics in biology, hence the focus of this review. We conclude with key questions for the next decade of this review.
Intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms: Maternal socialization of infant positive affect as a mediator
Authors: Schmitt Gabrielle , Jamieson Brittany , Lim Danielle , Atkinson Leslie
Published: October 2024

Parenting behaviors play an important role in the transmission of depressive symptoms from mothers to children. Although reduced positive affect is a central feature of depression, models of intergenerational transmission have neglected maternal socialization of positive affect as a mediating mechanism. This study investigated whether maternal responses to infant positive affect mediate the link between mothers’ and toddlers’ depressive symptoms. A community sample of 128 mothers (58% White) and their infants (Mage = 6.65 months, SD = 0.53 at first visit) participated in 3 assessments over a 1-year period. Assessments included self-reports of postpartum depressive symptoms, observational measures of maternal responses to infant positive affect and maternal sensitivity, and mother report of toddlers’ depressive problems. Mediation analyses revealed that mothers with elevated postpartum depressive symptoms displayed fewer supportive responses to their infants’ positive affect. In turn, infants who received fewer supportive responses had more depressive problems in toddlerhood. The indirect effect of postpartum depressive symptoms on toddlers’ depressive problems via maternal supportive responses remained significant after controlling for maternal sensitivity. Findings suggest that maternal responses to infant positive affect play a unique role in the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Food acquisition and consumption by NOVA food classification and lived poverty index among rural and urban households in South Africa and Ghana
Authors: Agyapong Nana Ama Frimpomaa , Annan Reginald Adjetey , Kroll Florian , Apprey Charles , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Aidoo Robert , Swart Elizabeth Catherina
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to determine differences in food consumption by the NOVA food categories in South Africa and Ghana and how they relate to poverty and food supply systems.

Design:

This study used a cross-sectional design to assess household food acquisition and lived poverty index.

Setting:

The study was conducted in Khayelitsha and Mount Frere, urban and rural communities in South Africa, respectively, and Ahodwo and Ejuratia, urban and rural communities in Ghana, respectively.

Participant:

An adult in charge of or knowledgeable about household food acquisition and consumption was selected to participate in the study.

Results:

A total of 1299 households participated in the study. Supermarkets were a prominent source of ultra-processed foods for households in South Africa, while informal outlets were an important source of ultra-processed foods in Ghana. Consumption of unprocessed foods was higher among South African households (58·2 %) than Ghanaian households (41·8 %). In South Africa, deprivation was associated with increased odds of infrequent consumption of both unprocessed foods (OR 3·431 P < 0·001) and ultra-processed foods (OR 2·656 P < 0·001) compared with non-deprivation. In Ghana, no significant differences were observed between deprived households and non-deprived households in relation to the consumption of the NOVA food classes.

Conclusion:

Different food supply systems and poverty are associated with household acquisition of the different NOVA food classes. Policies should be geared towards formal shops in South Africa and informal shops in Ghana to reduce the consumption of key obesogenic foods.
Environmental house calls can reduce symptoms of chemical intolerance: a demonstration of personalized exposure medicine
Authors: Rincón Rodolfo , Perales Roger , Palmer Raymond F. , Forster Jackie F. , Hernandez Jessica F. , Bayles Bryan , Grimes Carl , Jaén Carlos R. , Miller Claudia S.
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The goals of this investigation were to 1) identify and measure exposures inside homes of individuals with chemical intolerance (CI), 2) provide guidance for reducing these exposures, and 3) determine whether our environmental house calls (EHCs) intervention could reduce both symptoms and measured levels of indoor air contaminants.

Background:

CI is an international public health and clinical concern, but few resources are available to address patients’ often disabling symptoms. Numerous studies show that levels of indoor air pollutants can be two to five (or more) times higher than outdoor levels. Fragranced consumer products, including cleaning supplies, air fresheners, and personal care products, are symptom triggers commonly reported by susceptible individuals.

Methods:

A team of professionals trained and led by a physician/industrial hygienist and a certified indoor air quality specialist conducted a series of 5 structured EHCs in 37 homes of patients reporting CI.

Results:

We report three case studies demonstrating that an appropriately structured home intervention can teach occupants how to reduce indoor air exposures and associated symptoms. Symptom improvement, documented using the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory Symptom Star, corresponded with the reduction of indoor air volatile organic compounds, most notably fragrances. These results provide a deeper dive into 3 of the 37 cases described previously in Perales et al. (2022).

Discussion:

We address the long-standing dilemma that worldwide reports of fragrance sensitivity have not previously been confirmed by human or animal challenge studies. Our ancient immune systems’ ‘first responders’, mast cells, which evolved 500 million years ago, can be sensitized by synthetic organic chemicals whose production and use have grown exponentially since World War II. We propose that these chemicals, which include now-ubiquitous fragrances, trigger mast cell degranulation and inflammatory mediator release in the olfactory-limbic tract, thus altering cerebral blood flow and impairing mood, memory, and concentration (often referred to as ‘brain fog’). The time has come to translate these research findings into clinical and public health practice.
Forging the Resistive Republic: Social Capital, Institutional Stability, and Civic Virtue in Pluralist Democracies
Authors: Dumitru Adelin-Costin
Published: October 2024

Republicans too often take for granted features not easy to bring about in the absence of social capital. Lovett and Pettit (2009) consider that it is through collective political actions that citizens shed light on acts of domination. For Pettit (2012), civic vigilance is the only guarantee that “the government will be forced to remain responsive to popular inputs”. As Kimpell (2023) mentions, one of the weak points of republican theories remains the lack of an account of norm generation. I aim to show how this could occur in a way that does not constitute itself an arbitrary interference of the government in the people’s lives. The kind of generalized reciprocity which is of utmost importance for republicanism often depends on the presence of ties that connect different socio-economic groups within communities and, “where such interactions do not naturally occur, forums for interaction can be intentionally created and designed to encourage development of social capital” (Warner 2001). More specifically, I argue that such forums for interaction could be represented by polycentric systems. Furthermore, I argue that embracing polycentricity constitutes a non-dominating way in which we could promote the “resistive community” (Pettit 2012) required by republicanism. I consider that the empirical results extensively documented in the Institutional Analysis and Development framework are an appropriate starting point for designing novel republican policies and institutions that can function alongside sufficient levels of trust.
Attributing Responsibility to Big Tech for Mass Atrocity: Social Media and Transitional Justice
Authors: Espíndola Juan
Published: October 2024

Big Tech companies such as Meta, the owner of Facebook, are increasingly accused of enabling human rights violations. The proliferation of toxic speech in their digital platforms has been in the background of recent episodes of mass atrocity, the most salient of which recently transpired in Myanmar and Ethiopia. The involvement of Big Tech companies in mass atrocity raises multiple normative and conceptual challenges. One is to properly conceptualize Meta’s responsibility for the circulation of toxic speech. On one view, endorsed by the corporation itself, Meta can be absolved from any significant share of responsibility for these atrocities because toxic speech is the speech of some (rogue) users, hosted but neither created nor endorsed by the company; if anything, Meta is responsible for failing to anticipate and swiftly remove that speech. I will argue that this view is misleading, as it misses the underlying forces crafting toxic speech. Meta’s business model relies on what one might call the algorithmic capture of attention, which it achieves by manipulating its users and by creating an environment in which manipulative practices of some users thrive over others. This fact alone turns the company into a co-creator of toxic speech rather than a mere conduit of the toxic speech of others. As a result, it is safe to claim that Meta bears significant causal responsibility and sufficient moral responsibility for the dissemination of toxic speech, such that it justifies its inclusion in transitional justice processes and grounds its moral obligation to act in ways that advance these processes.
To what extent can oracy education and student dialogue support historical thinking skills in Year 7?
Authors: Low Kitty
Published: October 2024

During the course of my teacher training, I have encountered two distinct classroom contexts for oracy: a term that refers to the ability to express oneself in speech. At my first placement school, very few students were willing to answer questions or present arguments in front of their peers. Conversely, the majority of students at my second placement school are keen to demonstrate their knowledge, yet often speak over one another during discussion tasks. In both schools, dialogue is mainly directed towards the teacher; students rarely offer extended answers during lessons, and oral reasoning and argumentation generally take place as a precursor to written work. I therefore wanted to implement a sequence of lessons where the learning was intentionally carried out and measured through student talk and cooperation. In particular, I wanted to examine how far teaching specific oracy skills and providing informal scaffolded opportunities for presentational and exploratory talk can support the development of historical thinking skills in Year 7 (age 11): in other words, students' ability to consider multiple historical perspectives; to appreciate the difference between modern and ancient values; to critically engage with historical terminology, and to present and justify an argument. Students' responses were generally positive and engagement raised. I conclude with further thoughts about future practice.
Lack of Water Quality Data Is a Form of Environmental Injustice
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: October 2024

There’s a dearth of information on the health of lakes in marginalized communities.
Down in the Slumps: Tracing Erosion Cycles in Arctic Permafrost
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: October 2024

Climate change is altering permafrost thaw cycles and leading to unique Arctic erosional problems.
Soil Salinization: A Rising Threat to Ecosystems and Global Food Security
Authors: Shokri Nima , Hassani Amirhossein , Sahimi Muhammad
Published: October 2024

As soil salinization intensifies, it poses serious threats to ecosystems, soil health, global food security and socio-economic stability.
Convectively Induced Secondary Circulations and Wind‐Driven Heat Fluxes in the Surface Energy Balance Over Land
Authors: Colston Seth , Williams Ian N.
Published: October 2024

Increased resolution has enabled kilometer‐scale weather and climate models to partially resolve secondary circulations, including horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cold pool gust fronts. Although these circulations are ubiquitous in convective boundary layers over land, their impacts on the surface energy balance are largely unknown. Doppler lidar and surface observations were combined with DOE E3SM land model experiments, revealing increased surface winds (5 m/s) and heat fluxes (50 W/m2) in convergent branches of HCRs. Larger wind‐driven flux responses (up to 150 W/m2) were found along gust fronts. Surface energy balance shifts to accommodate wind‐driven fluxes, reducing ground heat conduction and longwave cooling. Our findings from the US Southern Great Plains are broadly relevant to modeling convective boundary layers. In particular, widely used subgrid wind gust parameterizations were found to be physically inconsistent with resolved secondary circulations and could worsen climate prediction biases at kilometer‐scales.
The needs of families of pediatric cancer survivors: challenges and developments in psychosocial support services
Authors: Paul Verena , Inhestern Laura , Sigmund Désirée , Winzig Jana , Rutkowski Stefan , Escherich Gabriele , Bergelt Corinna
Published: October 2024

Impact

Caru et al. emphasize the positive of physical activity during and after treatment for children with cancer, highlighting its significance for improving health outcomes.

In Germany, exercise therapy has not yet been integrated into standard post-treatment care; however, efforts are underway to establish a nationwide framework that enhances these services.

Given the complexity of the challenges faced by families, a family-centered approach to psychosocial support services is essential for effectively addressing their multifaceted needs.
A longitudinal single-cell atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Thomas Tom , Friedrich Matthias , Rich-Griffin Charlotte , Pohin Mathilde , Agarwal Devika , Pakpoor Julia , Lee Carl , Tandon Ruchi , Rendek Aniko , Aschenbrenner Dominik , Jainarayanan Ashwin , Voda Alexandru , Siu Jacqueline H. Y. , Sanches-Peres Raphael , Nee Eloise , Sathananthan Dharshan , Kotliar Dylan , Todd Peter , Kiourlappou Maria , Gartner Lisa , Ilott Nicholas , Issa Fadi , Hester Joanna , Turner Jason , Nayar Saba , Mackerodt Jonas , Zhang Fan , Jonsson Anna , Brenner Michael , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Kulicke Ruth , Ramsdell Danielle , Stransky Nicolas , Pagliarini Ray , Bielecki Piotr , Spies Noah , Marsden Brian , Taylor Stephen , Wagner Allon , Klenerman Paul , Walsh Alissa , Coles Mark , Jostins-Dean Luke , Powrie Fiona M. , Filer Andrew , Travis Simon , Uhlig Holm H. , Dendrou Calliope A. , Buckley Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires a cellular understanding of treatment response. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following adalimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies (41 subjects), revealing disease-specific differences. A systems biology-spatial analysis identified granuloma signatures in CD and interferon (IFN)-response signatures localising to T cell aggregates and epithelial damage in CD and UC. Pretreatment differences in epithelial and myeloid compartments were associated with remission outcomes in both diseases. Longitudinal comparisons demonstrated disease progression in nonremission: myeloid and T cell perturbations in CD and increased multi-cellular IFN signalling in UC. IFN signalling was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium with a lymphoid pathotype. Our therapeutic atlas represents the largest cellular census of perturbation with the most common biologic treatment, anti-TNF, across multiple inflammatory diseases.
Numerical study of magneto convective ag (silver) graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanofluid in a square enclosure with hot and cold slits and internal heat generation/absorption
Authors: Rajenderan Elayaraja , Prasad V. Ramachandra
Published: October 2024

Energy transmission is widely used in various engineering industries. In recent times, the utilization of hybrid nanofluids has become one of the most popular choices in various industrial fields to increase thermal performance and enhance power generation, entropy reduction, solar collectors, and solar systems. Motivated by this wide range of applications, the present article explores the mixed convection flow and heat transfer of magnetohydrodynamic $$\:Ag$$ (Silver) and $$\:GO$$ (Graphene) nanofluids hybrid nanofluids in a square enclosure with heat generation/absorption by using the MAC method. The vertical walls of the enclosure are assumed to be adiabatic. The horizontal walls are also assumed adiabatic except for the center portion of the top and bottom walls of the cavity. The center portion of the horizontal upper wall is maintained as a cold is $$\:{(T}_{c})$$and the lower wall is maintained as hot $$\:\left({T}_{h}\right)$$. The dimension equations are transformed into dimensionless form and then discretized and solved with the finite difference Marker and cell (MAC) method. Numerical modelling is implemented, by changing Richardson number $$\:\left(Ri\right)$$, The results are located graphically using MATLAB software. The Nusselt number graph was displayed for the Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number$$\:\:\left(Ri\right)$$, and Hartmann number $$\:\left(Ha\right)$$. The findings show that enhancing the values of the Richardson number and Reynolds number enhances the Nusselt number values except for the Hartmann number. The findings indicate that the combination of the new model is very good at predicting thermal conductivity and correlates experimental results well. The augmenting strength of magnetic force diminishes fluid flow. Developing the coefficients for the heat source and sink improves energy transmission and heat transfer enhancement. Hybrid nanofluids like $$\:Ag-GO$$ enhance heat transfer and efficiency. They improve cooling in heat exchangers, radiators, and electronics, boost solar energy systems, aid in cancer treatment and drug delivery, enhance geothermal and wind turbine efficiency, and improve manufacturing processes. Overall, they optimize thermal management in various applications.
A novel model of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome combining unilateral nephrectomy and high-salt–sugar–fat diet in mice
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Rannier R. A. , Shimari Miho , Boeder Ariela Maína , Zhuge Zhengbing , Cai Min , Leijding Cecilia , Gastaldello Stefano , Kleschyov Andrei L. , Schiffer Tomas A. , Guimarães Drielle Dantas , Picozzi Gaia , Lund Lars H. , Fellström Bengt , Weitzberg Eddie , Lundberg Jon O. , Hagberg Carolina E. , Pironti Gianluigi , Andersson Daniel C. , Carlström Mattias
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to explore biological interaction and pathophysiology mechanisms in a new mouse model of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome, induced by chronic moderate renal failure in combination with consumption of a customized Western diet rich in carbohydrates, fat and salt. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to unilateral nephrectomy, fed a customized Western diet rich not only in sugar and fat but also in salt, and followed for 12 weeks or 20 weeks. Sham-operated mice on a standard chow served as healthy controls. Body composition, weight gain, glucose metabolism, fat distribution, blood pressure, cardiac function, vascular reactivity, renal function, inflammation and mitochondrial function were measured and combined with biochemical and histopathological analyses. The novel triple-hit model of CKM syndrome showed signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome, disturbed glucose metabolism, impaired adipocyte physiology and fat redistribution, cardiovascular dysfunction, renal damage and dysfunction, systemic inflammation, elevated blood pressure and cardiac remodeling. The pathological changes were more pronounced in mice after prolonged exposure for 20 weeks, but no deaths occurred. In the present mouse model of CKM syndrome, profound and significant metabolic, cardiac, vascular and renal dysfunctions and injuries emerged by using a Western diet rich not only in fat and carbohydrates but also in salt. This multisystem disease model could be used for mechanistic studies and the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies.
Efficient H2O2 production from a SrTiO3-based thermoelectrocatalyst for harvesting low-grade waste heat
Authors: Yang Qian , Gu Yuheng , Liu Yucen , Wang Xin , Li Shun , Zhang Jianming , Liu Weishu , Zhang Long , Zhang Yuqiao
Published: October 2024

Oxygen vacancy engineered SrTiO3 exerts an efficient and stable H2O2 production by the thermoelectrocatalytic (TECatal) effect under temperature gradients.
Hydrogen tunneling with an atypically small KIE measured in the mediated decomposition of the Co(CH3COOH)+ complex
Authors: Okafor Simon U. , Pinto Gabriele , Brdecka Michael , Smith William , Lewis Tucker W. R. , Gutierrez Michael , Bellert Darrin J.
Published: October 2024

Rate-limiting hydrogen/deuterium tunneling rate constants are measured in the photon initiated decay of Co(CH3COOH)+ with small KIE values.
Unravelling the stabilization mechanism of mono-, di- and tri-cholinium citrate–ethylene glycol DESs towards α-chymotrypsin for preservation and activation of the enzyme
Authors: Yadav Bindu , Yadav Niketa , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: October 2024

The present study demonstrates the biocompatibility of new green solvents to achieve increased stability, activity and prolonged storage of α-CT.
Recent advances in graphdiyne for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fan Yu , Hao Xuqiang , Jin Zhiliang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the synthesis, properties and applications of GDY are reviewed, and the progress of photocatalysts based on GDY is summarized. The challenges and future opportunities in the advancement of GDY-based photocatalysts are discussed.
Gold nanoparticle-decorated amorphous carbon for oxidative cyclization of anthranilamide and aryl alcohols
Authors: Nguyen The Thai , Nguyen Huyen-Tran Thi , Nguyen Thu Anh , Vo Khuong Quoc , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: October 2024

Various 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were produced in moderate-to-good yields (44–80%) via the oxidative cyclization of anthranilamide and benzyl alcohols using gold nanoparticle-decorated amorphous carbon as an efficient catalyst.
CO2 reduction efficiency through electrolyte immersion in hierarchical bismuth–nickel catalysts
Authors: An Yongsu , Lee Yongju , Ji Yujing , Kim Young Dok , Seo Hyun Ook , Jung Duk-Young
Published: October 2024

Hierarchical bismuth–nickel (BiNi) catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formate exhibit enhanced efficiency and selectivity through the interaction between the electrolyte and the catalyst surface through a pre-immersion process.
Monolayers of a thiacalix[3]pyridine-supported molybdenum(0) tricarbonyl complex on Au(111): characterisation with surface spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Clausen Kai Uwe , Meng Xiangzhi , Reisig Katrin , Näther Christian , Strunskus Thomas , Berndt Richard , Tuczek Felix
Published: October 2024

This study describes the synthesis of a molybdenum(0) tricarbonyl complex supported by a thiacalixpyridine ligand. Monolayers of this complex on noble metal surfaces (Ag, Au) are investigated employing a range of surface spectroscopy methods.
Light switchable Ir(iii)-based photosensitizers: a dual-state system for non-invasive, reversible ROS control in tumor therapy
Authors: Chu Zhitong , Xu Na , Su Yan , Fang Hongbao , Su Zhi
Published: October 2024

We crafted an innovative Ir(iii)-based photosensitizer linked to a photochromic group, enabling non-invasive, reversible control of ROS for tumor therapy.
Insights into the linear and non-linear optical characteristics of substituted bi-naphthyl-2-pyrazolines
Authors: El Karout Houda , Labassi Chiraz , Waszkowska Karolina , Fournier-Le Ray Nicolas , Gatri Rafik , Gauffre Fabienne , Fihey Arnaud , Sahraoui Bouchta , Fillaut Jean-Luc
Published: October 2024

Donor/acceptor substituants in binaphthyl-2-pyrazolines significantly alter their optical properties. DFT calculations confirm that the arrangement of the electron-releasing units is key to modulating 2d- and 3rd-order susceptibilities in PMMA films.
Retraction: A supramolecular nanotube used as a water-degradable template for the production of protein nanotubes with high thermal/chemical stabilities
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Ding Wuxiao
Published: October 2024

Retraction of ‘A supramolecular nanotube used as a water-degradable template for the production of protein nanotubes with high thermal/chemical stabilities’ by Naohiro Kameta and Wuxiao Ding, Mater. Chem. Front., 2022, 6, 3174–3178, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QM00661H.
Stochastic migrations of Marangoni surfers between two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped confinement
Authors: Upadhyaya Alakesh , Akella V. S.
Published: October 2024

We report an experimental investigation on the stochastic migration dynamics of Marangoni surfers (camphor-infused paper disks) between the two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped chamber.
Correction: A simple melamine-assisted exfoliation of polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides for highly efficient hydrogen production from water under visible light
Authors: Ma Longtao , Fan Huiqing , Li Mengmeng , Tian Hailin , Fang Jiawen , Dong Guangzhi
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘A simple melamine-assisted exfoliation of polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides for highly efficient hydrogen production from water under visible light’ by Longtao Ma et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 22404–22412, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA05850C.
Variability of young stellar objects in the Orion nebula
Authors: Noroozi S. , Chen Z. , García-Díaz Ma. T. , González-Buitrago D. H.
Published: October 2024

Context. The Orion Nebula is one of the best-studied star-forming regions in our Galaxy and provides an ideal laboratory to study the early stages of star formation. Understanding the variability of young stellar objects (YSOs) can provide valuable insights into the underlying physical processes that occur during this crucial phase of stellar evolution. In this context, we have conducted a photometric survey with high temporal resolution of a six-square-degree region centered on NGC 1980. We used two filters (R and I) between 2012 and 2015 with the 15 cm twin telescope RoBoTT at the Universitätssternwarte Bochum in Chile.

Aims. Our goal is to identify and characterize the variable objects in this sample using a unique observational setup that allows us to obtain high-quality light curves with time sampling on the order of minutes. This is the first time such an intensive ground-based photometric campaign has been conducted in the Orion Nebula.

Methods. After careful quality control, more than 13 000 light curves were produced in either R or I; the total number of matched light curves is 11 889. The corresponding stars were subsequently matched with the 2MASS point source catalog, resulting in 8197 stars with I < 16.5 mag and AAA quality flags. We employed three methods – amplitude, standard deviation, and the Stetson J index – to identify variable objects in our sample, successfully classifying 561 stars as variables (irregular, periodic, and quasi-periodic). These stars serve as the foundation for further analysis. We confirmed 456 of these as known pre-main-sequence stars through cross-referencing with existing YSO catalogs, supported by spectroscopic and photometric data. The youth of the remaining stars was established based on their optical and infrared color signatures.

Results. The period, P, could be determined for 147 sources and ranges from 0.2 days to several weeks. The frequency of very short periods (<1 day) is two to four times higher than reported in previous studies. A significant population (10%) comes primarily from weak-line T Tauri stars, which are characterized by rotation periods of less than 1 day. These results emphasize the advantages of observations with an exceptional time sampling strategy that allows the identification of variability on scales from hours to years.