bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morpho-anatomical description of new Begonia species (sect. Baryandra, Begoniaceae) from Butuan City, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: BUCAY MARK ANGELO C. , TANDANG DANILO N. , CHEN HONG-WUN , RUBITE ROSARIO R. , CHUNG KUO-FANG
Published: January 2025

Begonia butuanensis, a new species of Begonia sect. Baryandra endemic in northeastern Mindanao is described. We compared it to another species endemic to southern Mindanao, B. copelandii. Both species have ciliate leaf margins, rounded outer tepals, and lanceolate inner tepals of staminate flowers. However, B. butuanensis is distinct in its smaller perianth size, triangular capsule lateral wing with subfalcate apex (vs. rectangular with subacute to truncate apex in B. copelandii), puberulous peduncles (vs. glabrous), and orbicular to slightly ovate lamina with rounded to obtuse apices (vs. ovate to orbicular lamina with obtuse to acuminate apex). The species is observed only from the type locality, and we recommend the species to be listed as Critically Endangered (CR) following the 2024 IUCN guidelines.
Taxonomic redescription and molecular confirmation of Lutjanus rufolineatus (Acanthuriformes: Lutjanidae) from the Andaman Islands, India
Authors: PS FAHMEEDA PARVEEN , ARJUNAN JAYARAJ K , VENU SASIDHARAN , ERANHOTTU SHIBIN , UMMATH AMEEN , KALITA SAMRAT , PV MOHAMMED RAMEES , SADAKA SHEHIN
Published: January 2025

We provide a detailed taxonomic redescription of Lutjanus rufolineatus, based on six specimens collected from the Andaman Islands, India. The species’ taxonomic status and distribution have historically been misinterpreted within Indian waters due to close similarities with congeners, leading to frequent misidentification. To address this, we performed comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses, including DNA barcoding and phylogenetic reconstruction, to confirm the identity of L. rufolineatus and clarify its relationships with related species. Our findings emphasize the value of thorough taxonomic assessment in delineating species boundaries, particularly for understudied marine fauna. Additionally, this research fills critical gaps in the taxonomy of Indian marine fishes, addressing past ambiguities and enhancing regional biodiversity records. By integrating morphological and molecular data, this study underscores the importance of precise species identification for improved biodiversity conservation and management efforts in the Indo-Pacific.
New records of hygrobatid water mites from SE Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae) with the description of ten new species
Authors: SMIT HARRY , PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR
Published: January 2025

New records are given of hygrobatid water mites of SE Australia. The following new species are described: Australiobates curvisetus sp. nov., A. dictyodermis sp. nov., A. papillatus sp. nov., A. tasmanicus sp. nov., Gondwanabates obtusus sp. nov., G. ninguis sp. nov., Kallimobates inusitatus sp. nov., Procorticacarus denticulatus sp. nov., Rhynchaustrobates capitalis sp. nov. and Rhynchaustrobates uncinatus sp. nov. The male of Australiobates ombates Cook and the female of Rhynchaustrobates truusae Smit are described for the first time.
How do I diagnose headache?
Authors: Davies MB
Published: January 2025

The lifetime risk of headache in the population is greater than 90% in European populations. Headache (although often mild and self-limiting) thus represents the most common neurological complaint presenting to primary care physicians as well as neurologists. The ability to recognise and manage headache is necessary for all physicians. The second International Classification of Headache Disorders was published in 2004;6 although useful as a framework for research, this classification needs simplification for everyday practice. In general, most patients will have a primary (or idiopathic) headache syndrome (e.g. migraine, tension type, or cluster headache), but many patients (and doctors) are concerned about missing a sinister secondary headache.
Clinical cancer genetics
Authors: Berg JN , Dunlop J
Published: January 2025

Over the past 14 years, since the discovery of the first gene for breast cancer (BRCA1), cancer genetics has become an increasingly important part of the workload of clinical genetics services, now accounting for approximately half of all referrals. Such referrals may occur for a number of different reasons – where a healthy patient is concerned that their family history of cancer places them at a significant risk of cancer themselves; where a patient with cancer is worried about the risk of cancer to their relatives; where a clinician feels that a patient has a strong family history that suggests a genetic predisposition; and where a clinician feels that a patient has an unusual form of cancer that suggests a genetic predisposition.The role of the clinical geneticist is to assess cancer risk, develop individualised management strategies for those at increased risk of cancer, offer genetic testing if appropriate and facilitate family communication.
Unraveling antibody-induced structural dynamics in the ADAMTS13 CUB1-2 domains via HDX-MS
Authors: Bonnez Quintijn , Legan Emily R , Pareyn Inge , Boudry Febe , Anckaert Jennifer , Tersteeg Claudia , De Meyer Simon F , Li Renhao , Vanhoorelbeke Karen
Published: January 2025

Allosteric regulation of ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin type-1 motif, member 13) activity involves an interaction between its Spacer (S) and CUB1-2 domains to keep the enzyme in a closed, latent conformation. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) uncouple the S-CUB interaction to open the ADAMTS13 conformation and thereby disrupt the global enzyme latency. The molecular mechanism behind this mAb-induced allostery remains poorly understood. To gain insights in the mAb-induced S-CUB uncoupling and global latency disruption, we combined hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS) with structural analysis of ADAMTS13 CUB1-2 mutants. Thereby, the CUB1 L3 and L9 loops were fine-mapped as the 17G2 mAb binding epitope. Indirect S-CUB uncoupling was observed as mAb binding induced extensive structural dynamics within both CUB1-2 domains without directly targeting the contiguous CUB1 surface that engages with the ADAMTS13 S domain. HDX MS analysis revealed the short interdomain linker to structurally cover the central CUB1-2 domain interface, which also showed some protein regions that became more exposed upon mAb binding. Therefore, repositioning of the central CUB1-2 interface appears crucial to transfer structural dynamics between both domains. Nevertheless, mutagenesis of the short linker did not disrupt the ADAMTS13 global latency as its closed conformation was preserved. Presumably, allosteric disruption of the global latency requires a structural impact extending beyond the central interface repositioning. As anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies from immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) patients also induce an open ADAMTS13 conformation, our novel insights in the antibody-mediated global latency disruption boost our understanding of the iTTP disease pathology.
A metric and its derived protein network for evaluation of ortholog database inconsistency
Authors: Yang Weijie , Ji Jingsi , Fang Gang
Published: January 2025

Background

Ortholog prediction, essential for various genomic research areas, faces growing inconsistencies amidst the expanding array of ortholog databases. The common strategy of computing consensus orthologs introduces additional arbitrariness, emphasizing the need to examine the causes of such inconsistencies and identify proteins susceptible to prediction errors.

Results

We introduce the Signal Jaccard Index (SJI), a novel metric rooted in unsupervised genome context clustering, designed to assess protein similarity. Leveraging SJI, we construct a protein network and reveal that peripheral proteins within the network are the primary contributors to inconsistencies in orthology predictions. Furthermore, we show that a protein's degree centrality in the network serves as a strong predictor of its reliability in consensus sets.

Conclusions

We present an objective, unsupervised SJI-based network encompassing all proteins, in which its topological features elucidate ortholog prediction inconsistencies. The degree centrality (DC) effectively identifies error-prone orthology assignments without relying on arbitrary parameters. Notably, DC is stable, unaffected by species selection, and well-suited for ortholog benchmarking. This approach transcends the limitations of universal thresholds, offering a robust and quantitative framework to explore protein evolution and functional relationships.
Preferences for and acceptability of long-acting HIV prevention products among pregnant and lactating women accessing health services in Kenya: a mixed method cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ogello Vallery , Mwangi Paul , Kwena Zachary , Thuo Nicholas , Makokha Catherine , Owidi Emmah , Muteti Nelson , Kiptinness Catherine , Mugo Nelly R. , Ngure Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Background

Increased risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and lactation among women is evident, necessitating their inclusion in the evaluation of new HIV prevention interventions. Pregnant and postpartum women specifically face challenges with oral PrEP associated with stigma, and the burden of using other tablets. Long-acting products may address challenges related to oral PrEP, however, there is limited data on product-specific preferences and acceptability among pregnant and lactating women.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-method study to assess the preferences and acceptability of long-acting PrEP modalities either under development or already established among pregnant and lactating women. We conducted quantitative surveys (n = 434) and in-depth interviews (n = 80) in central and western Kenya. We used descriptive statistics and categorical variables to summarize frequencies and proportions. Inductive and deductive content analytic approaches were used for in-depth interviews.

Results

The median age of respondents was 25 years (IQR 19.3–31.0). Majority were married (263/434, 61%), had completed high school (222/434, 51%), with no condoms use in the prior 3 months (348/434, 80%). The most preferred PrEP formulations were injectable (251/434, 57%) and implantable (175/434, 40%) options. Participants who preferred injectable PrEP had 8.56 times higher odds of considering ease of use as a reason. (aOR = 8.56, 95% CI [3.81–20.48]) and 3.71 odds of choosing perceived discreteness (aOR = 3.71, 95% CI (1.57–9.97)) as their preference reasons. Participants who preferred Implant for HIV prevention had 2.31 odds of considering it due to perceived effectiveness in preventing HIV as a preference reason (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI (1.21—4.66)) and 2.53-fold of considering discreteness as a preference reason (aOR = 2.53, 95% CI (1.46—4.59)). From the in-depth interviews, women reported prospective acceptability due to the perceived convenience of LA products, perceived effectiveness, reduced cost, improved privacy, and reduced stigma. Women had concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of the products during pregnancy and lactation.

Conclusion

Acceptability of LA products underscores the importance of considering the unique needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women in the development of future prevention interventions. Aligning preferences and needs would enhance the uptake and adherence outcomes of HIV prevention products.
Consistency analysis of two US techniques for evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Chen Fei , An Jingjing , Deng Long , Wang Jing , He Ruiling
Published: January 2025

Background

US tools to quantify hepatic steatosis have recently been made clinically available by different manufacturers, but comparative data on their consistency are lacking.

Objective

US tools to quantify hepatic steatosis have recently been made clinically available by different manufacturers, but comparative data on their consistency are lacking. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic consistency for evaluating hepatic steatosis by two different US techniques, hepatorenal index by B-mode Ratio and attenuation coefficient by attenuation imaging (ATI).

Methods

Patients with suspicion or previously diagnosed of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) who attended fatty liver consulting room from June 2023 to September 2023 were prospectively recruited. Patients underwent two different US techniques of B-mode Ratio and ATI, and laboratory test were collected. According to previously proposed cut-off values, B-mode Ratio ≥ 1.22, 1.42, 1.54, and ATI ≥ 0.62, 0.70, and 0.78 dB/cm/MH were used for assessing of mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis, respectively. Kappa consistency test was used to evaluate the consistency of hepatic steatosis.

Results

A total of 62 patients were enrolled, including 44 males (71.0%) with an age of (41 ± 13) years and a body mass index of (27.0 ± 3.5) kg/m2. In the hyperlipidemia group, the B-mode Ratio and ATI were significantly higher than those in the non-hyperlipidemia group, with values of 1.68 ± 0.39 vs. 1.28 ± 0.35 (p = 0.001) and 0.74 ± 0.12 dB/cm/MH vs. 0.64 ± 0.11 dB/cm/MH (p = 0.005), respectively. The correlation coefficient between B-mode Ratio and ATI was 0.732 (p < 0.001). Using B-mode Ratio and ATI as diagnostic criteria for MASLD, the proportion of patients with MASLD was 79% and 82%, respectively. The Kappa coefficient for assessing MASLD was 0.90 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, these two different US techniques were used for grading hepatic steatosis, with no, mild, moderate, and severe steatosis accounting for 21%, 18%, 13%, and 48%, as well as 18%, 29%, 22%, and 31%, respectively. The linear weighted Kappa coefficient for staging hepatic steatosis was 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.87, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The non-invasive methods of two different US techniques based on B-mode Ratio and ATI have good consistency for evaluating hepatic steatosis, and can be used for large-scale community screening.
Awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and care received among Australian women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Slater Kaylee , Taylor Rachael , Collins Clare E. , Hutchesson Melinda
Published: January 2025

Background

Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current research suggests that general practitioners are unaware of women’s HDP history, and although ideally placed to follow-up with these women, there is limited understanding of current CVD prevention practices in women after HDP. Additionally, preeclampsia confers a higher CVD risk compared to other types of HDP, and Australian research suggests that lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher incidence of both HDP and CVD. Therefore, the aim of the analysis was to investigate awareness of CVD risk and care received from health professionals among women with a history of HDP and examine differences between type of HDP and SES.

Methods

Analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 293 Australian women with a history of HDP (from 2017 onwards). Data were analysed using basic descriptive statistics. To assess differences in HDP type and SES, one-way ANOVA was used to assess continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Most women with a history of HDP were unaware of their increased CVD risk (68%). Women with a history of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia were more aware of CVD risk compared to those with chronic hypertension (p = 0.02). Regardless of HDP type or SES, women post-HDP were less likely to receive assessment and management of lifestyle CVD risk factors compared to blood pressure. Most women felt supported in managing stress and mental health, but not for managing body weight, smoking and sleep.

Conclusions

Women with a history of HDP are unaware of their increased CVD risk and are not receiving recommended CVD preventative care, irrespective of HDP type and/or SES. Findings should be used to inform development of tailored CVD prevention interventions in the primary care setting for women following HDP.
Fracture resistance and mode of failure of modified Polyether-ether-ketone versus lithium disilicate endocrowns
Authors: Kharboush Mohamed G. A. , Othman Hesham I. , Aldamaty Mohamed F. , Alameldin Ahmed M. L.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The current study aimed to compare modified Polyether-ether-ketone's fracture resistance and failure mode versus lithium disilicate glass–ceramic endocrowns.

Materials and methods

A total of 16 butt-joint endocrown specimens on mandibular second molar teeth were fabricated and divided into two equivalent groups; Pressable modified Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) (BioHPP®) and Pressable lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max® Press). A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system was used to digitally create and milled wax patterns. Final restorations were cemented each to its corresponding prepared tooth. Thermomechanical cycling loading representing one year of clinical service was done in a chewing simulator. Fracture resistance was evaluated utilizing a universal testing machine. The failure mode was evaluated by inspecting fractured surfaces using a Stereomicroscope and further examined by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) amongst both groups.

Results

A statistically significant variation in fracture resistance was recorded with a mean load of (2762.96 ± 216.15 N) for modified PEEK and (2175.91 ± 267.72 N) for lithium disilicate glass–ceramic endocrowns.

Conclusion

Modified PEEK endocrowns have higher fracture resistance than lithium disilicate glass–ceramic endocrowns. Moreover, the likeliness of catastrophic fracture in molars receiving endodontic treatment restored by modified PEEK is less than teeth restored with lithium disilicate glass ceramics.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of supportive and palliative care indicators tool (SPICT-CH) to identify cancer patients with palliative care needs
Authors: Xie Zhishan , Tang Siyuan , Johnson Claire E. , Xiao Lin , Ding Jinfeng , Huang Chongmei
Published: January 2025

Introduction

People diagnosed with cancer are the most frequent users of palliative care. However, there are no specific standards for early identifying patients with palliative care needs in mainland China. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators tool (SPICT) can identify patients with cancer who are in need of palliative care across healthcare settings.

Objective

To translate, cross-cultural adapt the SPICT and validate it among cancer patients with palliative care needs in a Chinese healthcare context.

Method

We translated and culturally adapted the SPICT from English into Chinese, following both Beaton’s and WHO’s recommendations: (1) initial translation, (2) synthesis, (3) back translation, (4) expert committee review, and (5) pretest. The psychometric properties (e.g., content validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability) were analyzed. Convenience sample was used to recruit 212 hospitalized cancer patients between January and August 2023. Their needs were assessed by two nurses within 24hours to determine the inter-rater reliability and stability of the Mandarin version of SPICT (SPICT-CH).

Results

All of 36 items were retained in response to expert review. The Scale-Content Validity Index/Ave (S-CVI/Ave) of the SPICT-CH was 0.98, demonstrating very strong content validity. The SPICT-CH exhibited good coherence (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76) and reliability (Kappa = 0.71, 95% CI 0.71-0.72, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The SPICT-CH has good content validity and acceptable reliability among cancer patients within a Chinese hospital setting. This instrument can be effectively integrated into routine clinical practice to early identify patients who need palliative care in mainland China.
Unraveling the power of sense of coherence: a key predictor of symptom severity among depressive disorders clients
Authors: Taha Samah Mohamed , El-Sayed Mona Metwally , Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , El-Ashry Ayman Mohamed , Abdelraof Azza Ibrahim , Sonbol Hassan Mohammed , Hawash Manal Mohammed , Elhay Eman Sameh Abd
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite advancements in therapies, the severity of depressive symptoms continues to challenge psychiatric nurses. However, research has indicated that a higher sense of coherence (SOC) can act as a protective factor against the development of diseases and promote faster recovery.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether SOC could serve as an indicator of depressive symptom severity among clients with depression.

Design

The study employed a cross-sectional design and followed the STROBE checklist for reporting observational studies.

Methods

A convenient sample of 169 clients with depression participated in the study. The researchers utilized the Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Scale-29 and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to assess SOC and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Results

The study findings indicated that a substantial proportion of the participants (35.5%) had low Sense of Coherence (SOC) levels, associated with higher depressive symptoms. The severity of depression showed a significant negative correlation with difficulties in understanding and finding meaning in life and challenges in effectively coping with life’s demands (r = -0.626, p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that for every one-unit increase in SOC, there was a corresponding decrease of 0.5 units in depressive symptoms. The SOC variable accounted for 39.1% of the variance in depressive symptoms severity.

Conclusion

Psychiatric nurses should consider implementing interventions to enhance SOC, such as Life Skills Training (LST), psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness practices, particularly for depressive disorder clients with a poor sense of coherence.
Multimorbidity clusters and their associations with health-related quality of life in two UK cohorts
Authors: Steell Lewis , Krauth Stefanie J. , Ahmed Sayem , Dibben Grace O. , McIntosh Emma , Hanlon Peter , Lewsey Jim , Nicholl Barbara I. , McAllister David A. , Smith Susan M. , Evans Rachael , Ahmed Zahira , Dean Sarah , Greaves Colin , Barber Shaun , Doherty Patrick , Gardiner Nikki , Ibbotson Tracy , Jolly Kate , Ormandy Paula , Simpson Sharon A. , Taylor Rod S. , Singh Sally J. , Mair Frances S. , Jani Bhautesh D. ,   the PERFORM research team
Published: January 2025

Background

Identifying clusters of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, and their associated burden may facilitate the development of effective and cost-effective targeted healthcare strategies. This study aimed to identify clusters of MLTCs and their associations with long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in two UK population-based cohorts.

Methods

Age-stratified clusters of MLTCs were identified at baseline in UK Biobank (n = 502,363, 54.6% female) and UKHLS (n = 49,186, 54.8% female) using latent class analysis (LCA). LCA was applied to people who self-reported ≥ 2 LTCs (from n = 43 LTCs [UK Biobank], n = 13 LTCs [UKHLS]) at baseline, across four age-strata: 18–36, 37–54, 55–73, and 74 + years. Associations between MLTC clusters and HRQoL were investigated using tobit regression and compared to associations between MLTC counts and HRQoL. For HRQoL, we extracted EQ-5D index data from UK Biobank. In UKHLS, SF-12 data were extracted and mapped to EQ-5D index scores using a standard preference-based algorithm. HRQoL data were collected at median 5 (UKHLS) and 10 (UK Biobank) years follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for available sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates.

Results

LCA identified 9 MLTC clusters in UK Biobank and 15 MLTC clusters in UKHLS. Clusters centred around pulmonary and cardiometabolic LTCs were common across all age groups. Hypertension was prominent across clusters in all ages, while depression featured in younger groups and painful conditions/arthritis were common in clusters from middle-age onwards. MLTC clusters showed different associations with HRQoL. In UK Biobank, clusters with high prevalence of painful conditions were consistently associated with the largest deficits in HRQoL. In UKHLS, clusters of cardiometabolic disease had the lowest HRQoL. Notably, negative associations between MLTC clusters containing painful conditions and HRQoL remained significant even after adjusting for number of LTCs.

Conclusions

While higher LTC counts remain important, we have shown that MLTC cluster types also have an impact on HRQoL. Health service delivery planning and future intervention design and risk assessment of people with MLTCs should consider both LTC counts and MLTC clusters to better meet the needs of specific populations.
Real-time PCR detection of Coxiella burnetii in dairy products in Kwara State, Nigeria: a public health concern
Authors: Elelu Nusirat , Chinedu Nwachukwu Raymond , Yakub-Obalowu Balkees A. , Odetokun Ismail A. , Al-Mustapha Ahmad I.
Published: January 2025

Background

Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever in humans, a zoonosis of increasingly important public health concern. The disease results in significant economic losses to livestock farmers and its presence in ready-to-eat dairy products poses a public health threat to consumers.

Aim

This study aimed to detect Coxiella burnetii in dairy products in Kwara State, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the apparent and true prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy cattle in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 51 traditional Fulani transhumance farms were sampled across three regions: 27 farms in Ifelodun LGA, 9 in Ilorin East LGA, and 15 in Moro LGA. Four pooled milk samples were collected aseptically from lactating cows on each farm, totaling 204 milk samples. We screened the pathogen using real-time PCR that targeted the IS1111 element in the 51 pooled raw milk samples from selected farms and 18 cheese samples from rural markets within the study area.

Results

The overall apparent prevalence of C. burnetii in milk and cheese was 18.8%. Both dairy products showed similar prevalence with a relatively higher positivity rate in cheese (22.2%, n = 4/18) than in raw milk samples (17.6%, n = 9/51). There were significant differences in the burden of C. burnetii in milk between the three LGAs with higher prevalence in Moro LGA (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The presence of C. burnetii in dairy products poses a direct risk of milk-borne zoonotic disease transmission to humans. Public education for the stakeholders in the dairy value chain should be intensified and the public should desist from consumption of unpasteurized milk. More molecular studies are needed to further study and characterize the C. burnetii genotypes in Nigeria.
The association between individual radiographic findings and improvement after chiropractic spinal manipulation and home exercise among older adults with back-related disability: a secondary analysis
Authors: Maiers Michele J. , Albertson Andrea K. , Major Christopher , Mendenhall Heidi , Petrie Christopher P.
Published: January 2025

Background

Some chiropractors use spinal x-rays to inform care, but the relationship between radiographic findings and outcomes is unclear. This study examined the association between radiographic findings and 30% improvement in back-related disability in older adults after receiving 12 weeks of chiropractic spinal manipulation and home exercise instruction.

Methods

This IRB-approved secondary analysis used randomized trial data of community-dwelling adults age ≥ 65 with chronic spinal pain and disability. Data were collected during the parent trial between January 2010-December 2014. The primary outcome of the parent study was ≥ 30% improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 12 weeks, a clinically important response to care. In this secondary analysis, two chiropractic radiologists independently assessed digital lumbar radiographs for pre-specified anatomic, degenerative, and alignment factors; differences were adjudicated. The unadjusted association between baseline radiographic factors and 30% ODI improvement was determined using chi-square tests.

Results

From the parent trial, 120 adults with baseline lumbar radiographs were included in this study. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65–81); 59.2% were female. Mean baseline disability (ODI = 25.6) and back pain (5.2, 0–10 scale) were moderate. Disc degeneration (53.3% moderate, 13.3% severe), anterolisthesis (53.3%), retrolisthesis (36.6%) and scoliosis (35.0%) were common among the participant sample. After 12-weeks of treatment, 51 (42.5%) participants achieved 30% improvement in back disability. No alignment, degenerative, or anatomic factors were associated with ODI improvement at 12 weeks (all p > 0.05), regardless of severity of radiographic findings.

Conclusion

We found no association between a predetermined subset of radiographic findings and improvement in back-related disability among this sample of older adults. As such, this study provides preliminary data suggesting that imaging may be unhelpful for predicting response to chiropractic spinal manipulation and home exercise.
Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elainein Mohamed A. Abu , Whdan Mohamad Mahmoud , Samir Mahmoud , Hamam Nada G. , Mansour Mohamed , Mohamed Mohamed Abdel Mohsen , Snosy Mahmoud Mostafa , Othman Mahmoud Ayman , Sobieh Ahmed Sayed , Saad Mahmoud Gamal , Labna Mohamed A. , Allam Salma
Published: January 2025

Background

As the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases, the incidence of non-healing wounds in diabetic patients is expected to rise significantly, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), around 537 million adults currently suffer from diabetes mellitus worldwide and 20% to 30% of individuals with diabetes are hospitalized due to diabetic foot ulcers. Conventional treatments such as traditional dressings often fall short in ensuring satisfactory wound healing, this Meta-analysis investigates the therapeutic potential of Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) as a promising strategy for addressing this challenge.

Aims

To Assess the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers compared to conventional lines of treatments.

Methods

The PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. databases were searched from January 2000 and December 2023, articles were primarily evaluated regarding their titles and abstracts, then full-text screening was assessed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria by utilizing Rayyan software. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) assessment tool was used to identify the risk of bias in our included studies. A statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5 software. Dichotomous data was subjected to risk ratio analysis, while continuous data underwent Mean Difference (MD) evaluation, all was reported with 95% confidence intervals, P value is considered statistically significant if less than 0.05.

Results

Regarding the total healing state, five studies reported that more participants healed completely at the end of the follow-up period in the ADSCs group (Risk ratio = 1.56, 95% CI [1.32, 1.86], P < 0.00001), for the healing rate the overall effect estimate favors the ADSCs group (pooled effect estimate = 1.84, 95% CI [1.51, 2.89], P < 0.00001), and regarding the healing time the pooled mean difference of the studies demonstrated that the ADSCs group required fewer days to heal than the standard care group. (pooled mean difference = −19.33, 95% CI [−37.36, −1.29], P = 0.04).

Conclusion

ADSCs provide favorable healing results and safety compared to standard care for diabetic foot ulcers.
A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of ultra-processed food consumption with DNA methylation in European children
Authors: Llauradó-Pont Joana , Stratakis Nikos , Fiorito Giovanni , Handakas Evangelos , Neumann Alexander , Barros Henrique , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Chang Kiara , Chatzi Leda , Felix Janine F. , Grazuleviciene Regina , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Karachaliou Marianna , Lecorguillé Marion , Lopes Carla , Millett Christopher , McEachan Rosemary R. C. , Papadopoulou Eleni , Slama Remy , Vamos Eszter P. , Vineis Paolo , Vrijheid Martine , Wright John , Voortman Trudy , Bustamante Mariona , Robinson Oliver , Lassale Camille
Published: January 2025

Background/objective

There is limited knowledge on how diet affects the epigenome of children. Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is emerging as an important factor impacting health, but mechanisms need to be uncovered. We therefore aimed to assess the association between UPF consumption and DNA methylation in children.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) from a total of 3152 children aged 5–11 years from four European studies (HELIX, Generation XXI, ALSPAC, and Generation R). UPF consumption was defined applying the Nova food classification system (group 4), and DNA methylation was measured in blood with Illumina Infinium Methylation arrays. Associations were estimated within each cohort using robust linear regression models, adjusting for relevant covariates, followed by a meta-analysis of the resulting EWAS estimates.

Results

Although no CpG was significant at FDR level, we found suggestive associations (p-value < 10–5) between UPF consumption and methylation at seven CpG sites. Three of them, cg00339913 (PHYHIP), cg03041696 (intergenic), and cg03999434 (intergenic), were negatively associated, whereas the other four, cg14665028 (NHEJ1), cg18968409 (intergenic), cg24730307 (intergenic), and cg09709951 (ATF7), were positively associated with UPF intake. These CpGs have been previously associated with health outcomes such as carcinomas, and the related genes are mainly involved in pathways related to thyroid hormones and liver function.

Conclusion

We only found suggestive changes in methylation at 7 CpGs associated with UPF intake in a large EWAS among children: although this shows a potential impact of UPF intake on DNAm, this might not be a key mechanism underlying the health effects of UPFs in children. There is a need for more detailed dietary assessment in children studies and of intervention studies to assess potential epigenetic changes linked to a reduction in UPF in the diet.

Graphical abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies)
Authors: Kim Vy H. D. , Upton Julia E. M. , Derfalvi Beata , Hildebrand Kyla J. , McCusker Christine
Published: January 2025

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID), now often referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are a large heterogeneous group of disorders that result from deficiencies in immune system development and/or function. IEIs can be broadly classified as disorders of adaptive immunity (e.g., combined or humoral immunodeficiencies) or of innate immunity (e.g., phagocyte and complement disorders). Although the clinical manifestations of IEIs are highly variable, traditionally many disorders involve an increased susceptibility to infection. Research in recent years has underscored how IEI can present with features other than infection such as: severe atopy, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, lymphoproliferation, and/or malignancy resulting from immune dysregulation. Early consultation with a clinical immunologist is essential, as timely diagnosis and treatment are imperative for preventing significant disease-associated morbidity and mortality. The treatment of IEIs is complex and generally requires both supportive and definitive strategies, including but not limited to, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, immune response modifiers, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This article provides an overview of the major categories of IEIs and strategies for the appropriate diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Immediate management of a cirrhosis-induced severe pericardial effusion: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Taheri Maryam , Dargah Arash Hassanpour , Ramezani Pedram , Anafje Mohsen , Nasrollahizadeh Amir , Ebrahimi Pouya , Mandegar Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition resulting from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output and shock. Various etiologies can cause cardiac tamponade, including liver cirrhosis, which may be induced by autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by interface hepatitis, elevated transaminase levels, autoantibodies, and increased immunoglobulin G levels. This case report details a 60-year-old male with autoimmune hepatitis-induced cirrhosis presenting with severe pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, emphasizing the interplay between liver and cardiac pathologies.

Methods

A 60-year-old Persian man presented with progressive dyspnea, chest pain, and significant weight gain due to fluid retention. Physical examination revealed pallor, jaundice, elevated jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests indicated severe hepatic and renal dysfunction, with elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and blood urea nitrogen. Imaging studies, including electrocardiogram, computed tomography angiography, and transthoracic echocardiogram, confirmed large pericardial effusion with signs of cardiac tamponade. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed, aspirating 500 mL of serosanguinous fluid. Post-procedural management included continuous monitoring, repeat echocardiography, and a comprehensive pharmacological regimen addressing fluid overload, autoimmune hepatitis, and cardiac function.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and management of cardiac tamponade, particularly in patients with concomitant conditions like autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis. Multidisciplinary management involving hepatologists, cardiologists, and critical care specialists is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Early recognition and treatment contribute substantially to the prevention of recurrence and better long-term management of underlying conditions.
New insights on the shell-crusher shark Ptychodus decurrens Agassiz, 1838 (Elasmobranchii, Ptychodontidae) based on the first known articulated dentition from the Upper Cretaceous of Croatia
Authors: Amadori Manuel , Japundžić Sanja , Amalfitano Jacopo , Giusberti Luca , Fornaciari Eliana , Jambura Patrick L. , Kriwet Jürgen
Published: January 2025

A new lower tooth plate of Ptychodus decurrens from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Dalmatian region (southern Croatia) is documented here for the first time. The specimen represents the first articulated dentition of a ptychodontid shark that has been discovered from the Balkan Peninsula and the most complete ever found for the un-cuspidate species P. decurrens up to now. The reconstruction of the entire lower dentition of P. decurrens based on this exceptionally well-preserved dentition shows a wider crushing plate than previously hypothesised with bulgy teeth limited to the central area. Even though a defined cusp is missing, the occlusal surface of the teeth is undeniably raised and bulgy in some un-cuspidate species of Ptychodus (e.g., P. decurrens). This compels us to reconsider the use of terms such as high- and low-crowned as well as cuspidate and un-cuspidate. In addition, specimens previously assigned to dubious species (P. depressus, P. levis and P. oweni) or even varieties (P. polygyrus var. sulcatus and P. decurrens var. multiplicatus) are reassigned here to P. decurrens based on a careful comparison of the type materials. The reassessment of tooth root morphologies provides indicative traits for the identification of different genera of ptychodontid sharks (Paraptychodus and Ptychodus). The taxonomic revision presented here is crucial for securing a stable taxonomy and systematics of the shell-crushing shark P. decurrens, as well as of all ptychodontid sharks. The resulting updated taxonomy, together with the description and reconstruction of the new crushing plate, greatly contribute to a better understanding of one of the most enigmatic families (Ptychodontidae) of Mesozoic elasmobranchs. The detailed investigation of the new dentition of Ptychodus from Dalmatia is also a further step towards the discovery of Upper Cretaceous ichthyofaunas of one of the most palaeontologically important areas of the Balkan Peninsula.
Sex and gender in perioperative cardiovascular research: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Sjaus Ana , Fakhory Nicole
Published: January 2025

Background

The inadequate inclusion of sex and gender in medical research has resulted in biased clinical guidance and disparities in knowledge and patient outcomes. Despite efforts by regulatory and funding agencies, opportunities to generate sex-specific knowledge are frequently overlooked. While certain disciplines in cardiovascular medicine have made notable progress, these advances have yet to permeate the literature on perioperative cardiovascular complications in non-cardiac surgery.

Prompted by the recent findings on sex-specific perioperative cardiovascular outcomes, this review aims to scope the literature in this field and categorize methodological approaches used to incorporate sex and gender in studies of this patient population.

Methods

Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews will be followed in stages elaborated by Levac (2010). A comprehensive search strategy will be used to identify relevant primary research published since 2010. Screening will be performed by independent reviewers using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted from full text and supplementary materials of selected articles. Results will be presented as proportions of studies reporting sex and gender, the assigned purpose of these variables in analysis, and where they are reported in the article. In addition, articles will be mapped to the source, country of origin, and year of publication. Narrative summaries will be provided to outline key findings and assess the depth of the literature within each of the major topics (risk assessment/prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes).

Discussion

Increasing recognition of the profound and complex implications of sex and gender in medicine has fuelled calls for greater attention to participation equity, sex-specific analysis and reporting. Focusing on perioperative cardiovascular complications, this review has the potential to identify knowledge gaps for future research, as well as areas of strength that could support formal knowledge synthesis or secondary analysis of data from past research.

Scoping review registration

Submitted on August 15th, 2023 (Web of Science osf.io/u25sf)
Numerical Analysis of Shear Contribution of CFRP-Strengthened RC Beams by Different Bond-Slip Models
Authors: Ma Shengqiang , Sun Jianfeng , Xu Tiancai
Published: January 2025

During a numerical investigation conducted using ABAQUS software, various bond-slip models for the FRP–concrete interface were evaluated to accurately predict the shear contribution of FRP in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Three established bond-slip models were chosen to develop finite element analysis models for the four FRP-strengthened beams. The outcomes of these numerical simulations were subsequently compared with experimental data. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the finite element simulations and the experimental tests, particularly regarding the failure process and shear capacity of the reinforced beams. The increase in shear capacity observed during testing varied from 13.5% to 42.9%. In contrast, the corresponding increase in shear capacity predicted by the finite element simulations ranged from 5.5% to 47.7%. The discrepancy in CFRP shear contribution among beams with different bond-slip relationships, under identical reinforcement configurations, was observed to be within the range of 0.1% to 15.9%. The numerical results of the Nakaba model showed a higher level of safety; however, the simulation performance of the Lu model was regarded as more effective and better suited for numerical analysis in predicting the shear contribution of FRP in strengthened RC beams.
A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from the Irano-Turanian biodiversity hotspot: an integrative approach
Authors: Karbalaei Zahra , Bagheri Ali , Maassoumi Ali Asghar , Rutten Twan , Blattner Frank R.
Published: January 2025

Background

The genus Astragalus is the largest and one of the most diverse genera of flowering plants, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, with a significant concentration of species in the Irano-Turanian region. Within this genus, section Hymenostegis is notable for its complexity and high levels of endemism, especially in northwestern Iran. During recent field explorations in West Azarbaijan province, a distinct population of Astragalus was identified, differing from known species within section Hymenostegis. This study aimes to describe and analyze this new species and clarify its relationship with closely related taxa using an integrative approach.

Results

Astragalus kuzehrashensis sp. nov. is described following detailed morphological comparisons with its closest relatives, A. chehreganii and A. hakkianus. The new species is distinguished by unique stipule characteristics, leaflet shape, inflorescence structure, and seed micromorphology. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS and ycf1 sequences reveals that A. kuzehrashensis forms a clade with A. chehreganii and A. hakkianus, although it exhibits genetic differences. Genome size estimation confirms that A. kuzehrashensis is hexaploid (2n = 6x = 48), aligning it more closely with A. hakkianus than with the tetraploid A. chehreganii. The distinct morphological characters and genomic data support recognizing A. kuzehrashensis as a new species within section Hymenostegis.

Conclusions

The identification of A. kuzehrashensis underscores the importance of an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic data to resolve species boundaries within complex groups like Astragalus section Hymenostegis. This study highlights the rich biodiversity of the Irano-Turanian floristic region, emphasizing the need for ongoing exploration and conservation efforts, particularly in areas of high endemism. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within the genus Astragalus.