bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-described recently discovered non-toxic vegetal-derived furocoumarin preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2: a promising antiviral herbal drug
Authors: Galindo-Cardiel Iván José , Núñez Adriana Toledo , Fernández María Celaya , Ramírez Labrada Ariel , Uranga-Murillo Iratxe , Cabrero Maykel Arias , Pardo Julian , Panzeri Ezio
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. ICEP4 purified compound (ICEP4) is a recently discovered furocoumarin-related purified compound derived from the roots and seeds ofAngelica archangelica(herbal drug). ICEP4-related herbal preparations have been extensively used as active herbal ingredients in traditional medicine treatments in several European countries. Extraction method of patent pending ICEP4 (patent application no. GB2017123.7) has previously shown strong manufacturing robustness, long-lasting stability, and repeated chemical consistency. Here we show that ICEP4 presents a significantin vitrocytoprotective effect in highly virulent-SARS-CoV-2 challenged Vero E6 cellular cultures, using doses of 34.5 and 69 μM. No dose-related ICEP4 toxicity was observed in Vero E6 cells, M0 macrophages, B, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) or Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. No dose-related ICEP4 inflammatory response was observed in M0 macrophages quantified by IL6 and TNFα release in cell supernatant. No decrease in survival rate was observed after either 24 hr acute or 21-day chronic exposure inin vivotoxicity studies performed inC. elegans. Therefore, ICEP4 toxicological profile has demonstrated marked differences compared to others vegetal furocoumarins. Successful ICEP4 doses against SARS-CoV-2-challenged cells are within the maximum threshold of toxicity concern (TTC) of furocoumarins as herbal preparation, stated by European Medicines Agency (EMA). The characteristic chemical compounding of ICEP4, along with its safe TTC, allow us to assume that the first-observation of a natural antiviral compound has occurred. The potential druggability of a new synthetic ICEP4-related compound remains to be elucidated. However, well-established historical use of ICEP4-related compounds as herbal preparations may point towards an already-safe, widely extended remedy, which may be ready-to-go for large-scale clinical trials under the EMA emergency regulatory pathway. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, ICEP4-related herbal drug can be postulated as a promising therapeutic treatment for COVID19.
Recognition of Z-RNA by ADAR1 limits interferon responses
Authors: Tang Qiannan , Rigby Rachel E. , Young George R. , Korning-Hvidt Astrid , Tan Tiong Kit , Bridgeman Anne , Townsend Alain R. , Kassiotis George , Rehwinkel Jan
Published: December 2020

Nucleic acids are powerful triggers of innate immunity and can adopt the unusual Z-conformation. The p150 isoform of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) prevents aberrant interferon (IFN) induction and contains a Z-nucleic acid binding (Zα) domain. We report that knock-in mice bearing two point mutations in the Zαdomain of ADAR1, which abolish binding to Z-form nucleic acids, spontaneously induced type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in multiple organs. This included the lung where both stromal and haematopoietic cells displayed ISG induction inAdar1mZα/mZαmice. Concomitantly,Adar1mZα/mZαmice showed improved control of influenza A virus. The spontaneous IFN response inAdar1mZα/mZαmice required MAVS, implicating cytosolic RNA sensing. Finally, analysis of A-to-I changes revealed a specific requirement of ADAR1’s Zαdomain in editing of a subset of RNAs. In summary, our results reveal that endogenous RNAs in Z-conformation have immunostimulatory potential that is curtailed by ADAR1.
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase - 10A by Papaverine protects human cortical neurons from quinolinic acid induced oxidative stress and synaptic proteins alterations
Authors: Bhat Abid , Tan Vanessa , Heng Benjamin , Essa Musthafa M. , Chidambaram Saravana B. , Guillemin Gilles J.
Published: December 2020

Phosphodi esterase-10A (PDE10A) hydrolyse the secondary messengers cGMP and cAMP which play critical role in neurodevelopment and brain functions. PDE10A is linked to progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases etc and a critical role in cognitive functions. The present study was undertaken to determine the possible neuroprotective effects and the associated mechanism of papaverine (PAP) against quinolinic acid (QUIN) induced excitotoxicity using human primary cortical neurons. Cytotoxicity potential of PAP was analysed using MTS assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by DCF-DA and JC10 staining, respectively. Caspase 3/7 and cAMP levels using ELISA kits. Effect of PAP on the CREB, BNDF and synaptic proteins such as SAP-97, synaptophysin, synapsin-I, PSD-95 expression was analysed by Western blotting technique. Pre-treatment with PAP increased intracellular cAMP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and decreased ROS and caspase3/7 content in QUIN exposed neurons. PAP up-regulated CREB and BDNF, and synaptic proteins expression. In summary, these data indicate that PDE10A involves in QUIN mediated neurotoxicity and its inhibition can elicit neuroprotection by reducing the oxidative stress and protecting synaptic proteins via upregulation of cAMP signalling cascade.
Homeostatic Synaptic Scaling Establishes the Specificity of an Associative Memory
Authors: Wu Chi-Hong , Ramos Raul , Katz Donald B , Turrigiano Gina G
Published: December 2020

Accurate memory formation has been hypothesized to depend on both rapid Hebbian plasticity for initial encoding, and slower homeostatic mechanisms that prevent runaway excitation and subsequent loss of memory specificity. Here, we tested the role of synaptic scaling in shaping the specificity of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory, a Hebbian plasticity-dependent form of associative learning. We found that CTA memory initially generalized to non-conditioned tastants (generalized aversion), becoming specific to the conditioned tastant only over the course of many hours. Blocking synaptic scaling in the gustatory cortex (GC) prolonged the duration of the initial generalized aversion and enhanced the persistence of synaptic strength increases observed after CTA. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic scaling is important for sculpting the specificity of an associative memory and suggest that the relative strengths of Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity can modulate the balance between stable memory formation and generalization.
Remodeling of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is shaped by parity
Authors: Berry Alexander SF , Pierdon Meghann K , Misic Ana M. , Sullivan Megan C. , O’Brien Kevin , Chen Ying , Baldassano Robert N , Parsons Thomas D , Beiting Daniel P
Published: December 2020

Background

The maternal microbiome has emerged as an important factor in gestational health and outcome and is associated with risk of preterm birth and offspring morbidity. Epidemiological evidence also points to successive pregnancies – referred to as maternal parity – as a risk factor for preterm birth, infant mortality, and impaired neonatal growth. Despite the fact that both the maternal microbiome and parity are linked to maternal-infant health, the impact of parity on the microbiome remains largely unexplored, in part due to the challenges of studying parity in humans.

Results

Using synchronized pregnancies and dense longitudinal monitoring of the microbiome in pigs, we describe a microbiome trajectory during pregnancy and determine the extent to which parity modulates this trajectory. We show that the microbiome changes reproducibly during gestation and that this remodeling occurs more rapidly as parity increases. At the time of parturition, parity was linked to the relative abundance of several bacterial species, includingTreponema bryantii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, andLactobacillus reuteri. Strain tracking carried out in 18 maternal-offspring ‘quadrads’ – each consisting of one mother sow and three piglets – linked maternal parity to altered levels ofAkkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella stercorea, andCampylobacter coliin the infant gut 10 days after birth.

Conclusions

Collectively, these results identify parity as an important environmental factor that modulates the gut microbiome during pregnancy and highlight the utility of a swine model for investigating the microbiome in maternal-infant health. In addition, our data show that the impact of parity extends beyond the mother and is associated with alterations in the community of bacteria that colonize the offspring gut early in life. The bacterial species we identified as parity-associated in the mother and offspring have been shown to influence host metabolism in other systems, raising the possibility that such changes may influence host nutrient acquisition or utilization. These findings, taken together with our observation that even subtle differences in parity are associated with microbiome changes, underscore the importance of considering parity in the design and analysis of human microbiome studies during pregnancy and in infants.
Nanoscale twinning in Fe–Mn–Al–Ni martensite: a backscatter Kikuchi diffraction study
Authors: Fischer Peter D. B. , Martin Stefan , Walnsch Alexander , Thümmler Martin , Kriegel Mario J. , Leineweber Andreas
Published: December 2020

Iron-based Fe–Mn–Al–Ni shape-memory alloys are of rather low materials cost and show remarkable pseudoelastic properties. To further understand the martensitic transformation giving rise to the pseudoelastic properties, different Fe–Mn–Al–Ni alloys have been heat treated at 1473 K and quenched in ice water. The martensite, which is formed from a body-centred cubic austenite, is commonly described as face-centered cubic (f.c.c.), even though there are also more complex, polytypical descriptions of martensite. The presently studied backscatter Kikuchi diffraction (BKD) patterns have been evaluated, showing a structure more complex than simple f.c.c. This structure can be described by nanoscale twins, diffracting simultaneously in the exciting volume. The twinned structure shows a tetragonal distortion, not uncommon for martensite in spite of the lack of interstitial elements. These features are evaluated by comparing the measured BKD patterns with dynamically simulated ones.
Are you a good borrower? Mining interpretable pattern structures in credit scoring
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergei O. , Masyutin Alexey , Ageev Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to show that closure-based classification and regression models provide both high accuracy and interpretability.

Design/methodology/approach

Pattern structures allow one to approach the knowledge extraction problem in case of partially ordered descriptions. They provide a way to apply techniques based on closed descriptions to non-binary data. To provide scalability of the approach, the author introduced a lazy (query-based) classification algorithm.

Findings

The experiments support the hypothesis that closure-based classification and regression allow one to both achieve higher accuracy in scoring models as compared to results obtained with classical banking models and retain interpretability of model results, whereas black-box methods grant better accuracy for the cost of losing interpretability.

Originality/value

This is an original research showing the advantage of closure-based classification and regression models in the banking sphere.
Measuring semantic distances using linked open data and its application on music recommender systems
Authors: Yang Hsin-Chang , Lee Chung-Hong , Liao Wen-Sheng
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Measuring the similarity between two resources is considered difficult due to a lack of reliable information and a wide variety of available information regarding the resources. Many approaches have been devised to tackle such difficulty. Although content-based approaches, which adopted resource-related data in comparing resources, played a major role in similarity measurement methodology, the lack of semantic insight on the data may leave these approaches imperfect. The purpose of this paper is to incorporate data semantics into the measuring process.

Design/methodology/approach

The emerged linked open data (LOD) provide a practical solution to tackle such difficulty. Common methodologies consuming LOD mainly focused on using link attributes that provide some sort of semantic relations between data. In this work, methods for measuring semantic distances between resources using information gathered from LOD were proposed. Such distances were then applied to music recommendation, focusing on the effect of various weight and level settings.

Findings

This work conducted experiments using the MusicBrainz dataset and evaluated the proposed schemes for the plausibility of LOD on music recommendation. The experimental result shows that the proposed methods electively improved classic approaches for both linked data semantic distance (LDSD) and PathSim methods by 47 and 9.7%, respectively.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this work is to develop novel schemes for incorporating knowledge from LOD. Two types of knowledge, namely attribute and path, were derived and incorporated into similarity measurements. Such knowledge may reflect the relationships between resources in a semantic manner since the links in LOD carry much semantic information regarding connecting resources.
It’s a question of talent! The interplay of design complexity and talent information on consumers’ product design responses
Authors: Grein Marcel , Wiecek Annika , Wentzel Daniel
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Existing research on product design has found that a design’s complexity is an important antecedent of consumers’ aesthetic and behavioural responses. This paper aims to shed new light on the relationship between design complexity and perceptions of design quality by taking the effects of consumers’ naïve theories into account.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses of this paper are tested in a series of three experiments.

Findings

The findings from three studies show that the extent to which consumers prefer more complex product designs to simpler ones depends on the extent to which they believe that the complexity of a design is indicative of the effort or of the talent of the designers involved in the design process. These competing naïve theories, in turn, are triggered by contextual information that consumers have at their disposal, such as the professional background of a designer or the brand that is associated with a particular design.

Research limitations/implications

This research was limited to a design's complexity as the central design element and to the effects of two naïve theories. Future research may also take other design factors and consumer heuristics into account.

Practical implications

This research reveals that the extent to which managers may successfully introduce both complex and simple designs may depend on the reputation of a company’s designers and the prestige of a brand.

Originality/value

This research examines design complexity from a novel theoretical perspective and shows that the effect of design complexity on perceptions of design quality is contingent on two specific naïve theories of consumers.
A review of antecedents of employee turnover in the hospitality industry on individual, team and organizational levels
Authors: Han Jung Woo
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The article is to review recent literature studies of employee turnover to identify antecedents of employee turnover in the hospitality sector to reduce the literature gaps and present a wider scope of turnover factor and understanding of employee motivational factors in their job decision.

Design/methodology/approach

The recent literature studies published over the last two decades were reviewed and structured into the three levels of employee turnover factors, including individual, team and organizational level.

Findings

The antecedents on organizational levels were frequently studied and suggested as strong predictors to employee turnover in the hospitality sectors. The team and organizational factors also influence employee turnover, yet the factors on the team level may not have a significant direct impact but rather an indirect impact through the organizational or individual level. The factors of the individual level may not explain the fundamental reasons behind the turnover. Yet, it might be a more reliable predictor of employee turnover as factors on the other levels are often mediated by individual factors.

Originality/value

The article contributes to the knowledge base by articulating a wide range of updated employee turnover factors in the hospitality that brings an updated insight into employee motivational factors in the hospitality sector.
Transcending adversity: resilience in volunteer firefighters
Authors: Blaney Leigh McCarley , Wilde David , Hill Rowena
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a theory of psychological resilience in volunteer firefighters.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach, the qualitative study engaged a purposive sample of eight firefighters in Canada, conducted in-depth interviews and analysed the data using comparative methods.

Findings

The results provided unique insights into resilience in firefighters and revealing resilience as multidimensional, complex, dynamic and contextual. Six core concepts interrelate to construct resilience: relationships, personal resources, meaning-making, leadership, culture and knowledge.

Practical implications

The findings of this research offer a framework for practical integration of resilience theory into workplace health policy and practice. The theory was co-created with firefighters hence is contextually sound to this population, but applicable to other emergency and health services.

Originality/value

Volunteer firefighters are under-represented in the literature, despite facing intermittent and frequently intense work-related stressors; this research begins to address the gap in the literature. As well, previous resilience theories have noted relationships between some components, but there is little evidence linking categories; this theory more patently represents the complex nature of resilience in volunteer firefighters.
Indigenous context of vertigo: translation and validation of dizziness handicap inventory for diagnosis and evaluation of patients in Pakistani hospitals
Authors: Ahmed Ammar , Aqeel Muhammad , Chughtai Naeem Aslam
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the indigenous need for public health challenges being faced by the patients in Pakistan because of vertigo symptoms. Vertigo or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is described as short episodes of dizziness (spinning sensations) that are caused because of movements of head in varying directions. Various published accounts have linked vertigo to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, which include stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of present study is to examine the validity and reliability of Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) Urdu version that is vital in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of patients coming in hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

This present study included two segments, namely, preliminary and main study. Preliminary study results indicated that the overall scale had high internal consistency of DHI Urdu versionα= 0.95. The overall scale retained a high test-retest correlation tested over a period of 15 days (r =0.93). Main study was performed on 222 vestibulocochlear disorder patients having chief complaints of tinnitus and vertigo, age ranged from 18 to 89 (M = 46.14; SD = 16.64) and recruited from various hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was applied based on cross-sectional design.

Findings

Significant correlations were noted between dizziness symptoms rating on the translated scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the structure of the scales; an orthogonal rotation (Varimax) was conducted on the data collected from patients. A three-factor solution was obtained for DHI, the factors obtained were associated to the subscales vestibular handicap, vestibular disability and visuo-vestibular disability, demonstrating a strong factorial validity in the Pakistani cultural context.

Originality/value

Vertigo is a symptom that initiates various psychological issues among vestibulocochlear disorder patients (patients having ear related problems) around the world and therefore the investigated inventory offers an initial assessment for the severity of dizziness. Current research will help in the development of indigenous measures to ascertain the severity of the symptoms triggering various other mental health-related issues.
Does Sharia compliance affect financial reporting quality? An evidence from Muslim majority countries
Authors: Can Gökberk
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Sharia compliance states that the compliant company operates not only under regulations but also to the restrictions and permission of Islam. This study aims to reveal whether Sharia compliance enhances the financial reporting quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample is constructed from 15 Muslim majority countries, 2,300 companies for the periods between 2005 and 2017 with 23,810 firm*year observations. Financial reporting quality is measured with discretionary accruals and audit aggressiveness. Discretionary accruals is the absolute of Kothari, Leone and Wasley’s (2005) “performance matched discretionary accruals model.” Audit aggressiveness is calculated with Gul, Wu and Yang’s (2013) model.

Findings

This study reveals the behavioral differences in financial reporting quality between Sharia-compliant and non-compliant companies. According to the analyzes, Sharia compliance increases the financial reporting quality by decreasing the discretionary accruals and audit aggressiveness. This result is supported by the robustness tests.

Practical implications

Sharia compliance is not limited to business activity, financial restrictions and supervisory board for Sharia-compliant companies. It also enhances the companies’ financial reporting quality. Robustness analysis also showed that the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) increases the financial reporting quality by reducing discretionary accruals and audit aggressiveness.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the accounting literature by providing an insight on the use of Islamic financial instruments. The empirical results also show that the use of IFRS and Islamic financial instruments decreases the discretionary accruals and audit aggressiveness.
Strengthening digital collaboration to enhance social innovation capital: an analysis of Italian small innovative enterprises
Authors: Chierici Roberto , Tortora Debora , Del Giudice Manlio , Quacquarelli Barbara
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The study aims to investigate whether and how digital transformation, in terms of digital collaboration, joint efforts with internal/external partners to achieve common goals and the adoption of digital tools supporting this practice, affect social innovation capital in the context of small innovative enterprises (SIEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The research hypotheses derived from the analysis of the literature, evaluating how sharing resources, sharing intensity and digital patterns affect the collective capacity of SIEs to innovate, were investigated by applying multiple regression analysis. Data were retrieved from a sample of Italian SIEs through an online survey.

Findings

The main findings suggest that the propensity to spread resources and the sharing intensity positively affect the collective capacity of SIEs to innovate. Also, the effect of resources sharing on collective innovation increases as more digital patterns are used as tools. The connection is weaker for the intensity of resources sharing.

Research limitations/implications

The study is conducted on Italian SIEs, a particular cluster of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It would be interesting to compare and contrast the results of an analysis of a large sample of international companies, of different sizes and belonging to digital and non-digital sectors.

Originality/value

The results enrich the existing literature on social innovation capital, by clarifying its competitive benefits on the characteristic context of the SIEs and underlining the mediating role of the digital patterns.
Valuation of initial margin using bootstrap method
Authors: Seitshiro Modisane Bennett , Mashele Hopolang Phillip
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose the parametric bootstrap method for valuation of over-the-counter derivative (OTCD) initial margin (IM) in the financial market with low outstanding notional amounts. That is, an aggregate outstanding gross notional amount of OTC derivative instruments not exceeding R20bn.

Design/methodology/approach

The OTCD market is assumed to have a Gaussian probability distribution with the mean and standard deviation parameters. The bootstrap value at risk model is applied as a risk measure that generates bootstrap initial margins (BIM).

Findings

The proposed parametric bootstrap method is in favour of the BIM amounts for the simulated and real data sets. These BIM amounts are reasonably exceeding the IM amounts whenever the significance level increases.

Research limitations/implications

This paper only assumed that the OTCD returns only come from a normal probability distribution.

Practical implications

The OTCD IM requirement in respect to transactions done by counterparties may affect the entire financial market participants under uncleared OTCD, while reducing systemic risk. Thus, reducing spillover effects by ensuring that collateral (IM) is available to offset losses caused by the default of a OTCDs counterparty.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by presenting a valuation of IM for the financial market with low outstanding notional amounts by using the parametric bootstrap method.
A systematic literature review of data science, data analytics and machine learning applied to healthcare engineering systems
Authors: Salazar-Reyna Roberto , Gonzalez-Aleu Fernando , Granda-Gutierrez Edgar M.A. , Diaz-Ramirez Jenny , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Kumar Anil
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to assess and synthesize the published literature related to the application of data analytics, big data, data mining and machine learning to healthcare engineering systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to obtain the most relevant papers related to the research study from three different platforms: EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Scopus. The literature was assessed and synthesized, conducting analysis associated with the publications, authors and content.

Findings

From the SLR, 576 publications were identified and analyzed. The research area seems to show the characteristics of a growing field with new research areas evolving and applications being explored. In addition, the main authors and collaboration groups publishing in this research area were identified throughout a social network analysis. This could lead new and current authors to identify researchers with common interests on the field.

Research limitations/implications

The use of the SLR methodology does not guarantee that all relevant publications related to the research are covered and analyzed. However, the authors' previous knowledge and the nature of the publications were used to select different platforms.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper represents the most comprehensive literature-based study on the fields of data analytics, big data, data mining and machine learning applied to healthcare engineering systems.
Application of complex network theory in identifying critical elements of CRH2 train system
Authors: Zhang Huiru , Jia Limin , Wang Li , Qin Yong
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Based on complex network theory, a method for critical elements identification of China Railway High-speed 2 (CRH2) train system is introduced in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

First, two methods, reliability theory and complex theory, are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages for their application in identifying critical elements of high-speed train system are summarized. Second, a multi-layer multi-granularity network model including virtual and actual nodes is proposed, and the corresponding fusion rules for the same nodes in different layers are given.

Findings

Finally, taking CRH2 train system as an example, the critical elements are identified by using complex network theory, which provides a reference for train operation and maintenance.

Originality/value

A method of identifying key elements of CRH2 train system based on integrated importance indices is introduced, which is a meaningful extension of the application of complex network theory to identify key components.
Come on, network! Empowering employees to use Web-based interorganizational learning platforms in research and development
Authors: Reichenbach Rebecca , Eberl Christoph , Lindenmeier Jörg
Published: December 2020

Purpose

An interorganizational learning (IOL) Web-based platform provides an ambidextrous working area, where employees can switch between exploration and exploitation-related activities. This study aims to present new indications on how to increase the acceptance and use of Web-based platforms for IOL. Specifically, it proposes how acceptance rates can be increased by focusing on the key mechanisms in Web-based platforms that are important from the users’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from employees in universities, companies, government agencies and research and technological development performers. Data analysis applies a multi-group analysis (MGA) based on the partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

Performance expectancy is important in explorative, exploitative and ambidextrous organizations. Moreover, effort expectancy is an important driver of platform acceptance in explorative organizations, facilitating conditions in exploitative organizations and hedonic motivation in ambidextrous organizations.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the IOL literature by analyzing specific acceptance characteristics of potential users of a Web-based IOL platform for research and development. As the first paper published in this research context, it explicitly considers explorative, exploitative and ambidextrous organizations based on interactive and integrative interorganizational ambidexterity.
Topography strongly affects drought stress and xylem embolism resistance in woody plants from a karst forest in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Wei , Zhu Shi‐Dan , Jansen Steven , Cao Kun‐Fang
Published: December 2020

Xylem resistance to drought‐induced embolism is an important trait determining plant distribution. In the karst hills of Southwest China, with a relatively small variation in altitude, soil depth and water availability strongly decrease from the foot towards the top, and woody plant species display distinct spatial distribution.

For testing the hypothesis that embolism resistance of leaf and stem xylem reflects the spatial distribution across species along a topographical gradient of the karst hills, we measured the xylem water potential in the dry season, vulnerability to drought‐induced embolism in stems and leaves, and relevant anatomical traits in 17 evergreen species with a different topographical distribution.

We found that from the foot towards the hill top, plant water potential sharply decreased, and both stem and leaf xylem showed increasing resistance to hydraulic dysfunction and drought‐resistant anatomical characteristics, but non‐significant variation in specific hydraulic conductivity. Also, hydraulic safety margins increased with relative altitude and thus increasing hydraulic safety. Hydraulic safety underlies the local distribution of the species, but does not come at the cost of hydraulic efficiency.

Our results demonstrate that plant hydraulic safety largely shape the niche differentiation and hence community assembly in highly heterogeneous and water‐limited landscapes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Considerations for the development of cost‐effective cell culture media for cultivated meat production
Authors: O'Neill Edward N. , Cosenza Zachary A. , Baar Keith , Block David E.
Published: December 2020

Innovation in cultivated meat development has been rapidly accelerating in recent years because it holds the potential to help attenuate issues facing production of dietary protein for a growing world population. There are technical obstacles still hindering large‐scale commercialization of cultivated meat, of which many are related to the media that are used to culture the muscle, fat, and connective tissue cells. While animal cell culture media has been used and refined for roughly a century, it has not been specifically designed with the requirements of cultivated meat in mind. Perhaps the most common industrial use of animal cell culture is currently the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which sell for orders of magnitude more than meat. Successful production of cultivated meat requires media that is food grade with minimal cost, can regulate large‐scale cell proliferation and differentiation, has acceptable sensory qualities, and is animal ingredient‐free. Much insight into strategies for achieving media formulations with these qualities can be obtained from knowledge of conventional culture media applications and from the metabolic pathways involved in myogenesis and protein synthesis. In addition, application of principles used to optimize media for large‐scale microbial fermentation processes producing lower value commodity chemicals and food ingredients can also be instructive. As such, the present review shall provide an overview of the current understanding of cell culture media as it relates to cultivated meat.
Review of forest‐dwelling noctuid moths of the genus Pachythrix Turner, 1942 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): reassessment of the type species and description of a new species from the Bismarck Archipelago
Authors: Zilli Alberto
Published: December 2020

The scattered information regarding the Australo‐Papuan noctuid genus Pachythrix Turner, 1942 is consolidated to provide an overview of this little‐known group of bright green and black‐coloured moths. Nomenclatural comments are provided to challenge current opinion that the genus is based on a misidentified type species. Current evidence supporting its systematic relationships and subfamilial placement is reviewed, showing that the present concepts of genera like Thalatha Walker, 1862 and Pachythrix itself are polyphyletic. Pachythrix mniochlora (Meyrick, 1889) is shown to be misplaced in the genus. Pachythrix chlorophylla sp. nov. from the Bismarck Archipelago is described. This species is the first member of the genus to have been recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago, the others occurring in New Guinea and Australia. The new species can easily be distinguished from its congeners superficially by more extended green areas on the fore wing and fewer black, subterminal wedges. Diagnostic criteria and illustrations of all species currently assigned to the genus are provided.
For “Peace, Quiet, and Respect”: Race, Policing, and Land Grabbing on Chicago’s South Side
Authors: Williams Teona
Published: December 2020

The first wave of environmental justice literature tended to define environmental racism as the disparate siting of toxic waste facilities in low‐income areas and communities of colour. More recently, environmental justice scholars have turned to a critical environmental justice framework to explore questions of spatial equity in relation to movements like Black Lives Matter. It is increasingly clear that the state, the built environment, economic development, and race converge in communities who face increased surveillance, divestment, and gentrification. Using Hyde Park on the South Side of Chicago as a case study, I draw on qualitative and historical methods to interrogate dominant narratives surrounding policing in urban environments. This paper highlights how Black geographies, as an analytic, highlight the intersection of police brutality and the built environment in Hyde Park. Legacies of urban renewal, now framed as neighbourhood revitalisation, and narratives around criminality and race all influence community police relations in the area. As the University of Chicago expands, so does its police force, and so do conflicts over who can use public spaces and how these spaces are used. I argue that institutions like the University of Chicago rely on the police to racially manage and expand their built environment. I also look to Black Lives Matter as a way to understand police brutality as enmeshed with toxic ecologies. This pairing of activism, ecology and policing allows a more nuanced analysis of the racialised underpinnings of the built environment.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in the Psychology of Workplace Coaching
Authors: Bozer Gil , Jones Rebecca J.
Published: December 2020

This article introduces a special issue of Applied Psychology: An International Review that focuses on recent advances in the psychology of workplace coaching. To begin with, we briefly describe the current state of workplace coaching research, and we then outline the aims and objectives that had driven our motivation in editing this special issue. We set out two objectives for this special issue. First, to ensure that each of the contributions started with the relevant theoretical framework, and secondly, that the papers in this special issue utilized rigorous research design and methodology. We then provide an overview of each of the five articles making up the special issue, detailing their respective contributions to advancing workplace coaching research and theory. We conclude with recommendations for future workplace coaching research, building on the contributions in this special issue. We propose scholars should focus on three key areas: future coaching research should adopt a “start with theory” approach; that rigorous research design and methodology is prioritized, specifically in relation to utilizing multiple data sources and increasing the range of objective (hard) data as coaching outcome measures; and for coaching scholars to pay attention to and explore non‐significant effects.
Dyspnea Index: An upper airway obstruction instrument; translation and validation in Swedish
Authors: Ntouniadakis Eleftherios , Brus Ole , von Beckerath Mathias
Published: December 2020

Objective

Upper airway dyspnoea is a challenging condition in which assessing the discomfort experienced by the patient is essential. There are three patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instruments developed particularly for this patient group, none of which is available in Swedish. The aim of this study was to translate the Dyspnea Index (DI) into Swedish and validate the instrument for use in the Swedish‐speaking population by investigating its basic psychometric properties.

Design

A prospective instrument validation study.

Setting

Tertiary referral centre.

Participants

Fifty‐one (n = 51) patients with upper airway dyspnoea and 19 healthy controls.

Main outcome measures

The questionnaire was translated into Swedish (swDI) with a forward‐backward method. Reliability, repeatability, responsiveness and construct validity were assessed by asking the subjects to complete the swDI, a visual analog scale (VAS) at exertion and at rest and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI).

Results

The swDI showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.85) and repeatability (interclass correlation coefficient: 0.89 and Pearson's r: .92) in the patient group. No ceiling effect was observed (maximum score achieved was 39; 89% of the patients scored ≤ 36). SwDI scores moderately correlated with VAS at exertion (r: .57) and at rest (r: .41), yet poorly with the VHI (r: .34). The effect size (ES) was 3.9.

Conclusions

The swDI is a valid, robust and reliable questionnaire for self‐assessment in Swedish‐speaking patients with upper airway obstruction. A future anchor‐based longitudinal study is needed to assess the smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important change (MIC) that were not estimated in our study.
Allergic contact dermatitis and other occupational skin diseases in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005–2016
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Koskela Kirsi , Pesonen Maria
Published: December 2020

Background

Health care workers are an important risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).

Aims

To study diagnoses and causes of OSDs in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in 2005–2016.

Methods

We searched the FROD for dermatological cases (a) in health care–related occupations defined by ISCO‐08 and (b) in the industrial branch of health care defined by European industry standard classification system (NACE rev. 2).

Results

Health care workers comprised 19% of all OSD cases in the FROD, and irritant contact dermatitis dominated the diagnoses. Nurses and assistant nurses were the largest occupational groups with incidence rates of 3.3 and 2.7/10 000 person years, respectively. Rubber chemicals were by far the most common causative agents of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) followed by preservatives, the latter mainly comprising isothiazolinones and formaldehyde. Acrylates were important allergens in dental professions. Metals and coconut fatty acid derivatives were the next largest causative groups for ACD. Drugs caused only 1% of the ACD cases.

Conclusions

Workers in different health care occupations do not have a uniform risk for OSD, but they share the risk for ACD due to rubber chemicals and various preservatives.
Bridging the gap between researchers, conservation planners, and decision makers to improve species conservation decision‐making
Authors: Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Bovo Alex Augusto Abreu , da Costa Carolina Ortiz Rocha , Ribeiro Yuri Geraldo G. , de Paula Rogério Cunha , Desbiez Arnaud Leonard Jean , Angelieri Cintia Silva Camila , Traylor‐Holzer Kathy
Published: December 2020

Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a promising tool for priority setting, conservation decision‐making and overall support for species conservation. We developed a participatory modeling process (PMP) to ensure both the proper use of SDMs as well as their efficacy and impact as a conservation tool. The PMP using SDM has assisted conservation planning in a number of situations, including more than 25 endangered species and supported IUCN SSC Red List assessments. PMP focuses on stakeholder engagement to co‐develop SDMs that will in turn support and guide conservation decisions. This participatory approach to SDMs allowed us to: (a) update potential species distributions; (b) evaluate environmental suitability; (c) identify potential corridors and priority areas for implementing different conservation and management actions; (d) identify new potential areas for species searching; (e) predict potential impact under deforestation and climate change scenarios; and (f) provide valuable input for population viability analysis (PVA). Most often the level of successful stakeholder engagement will influence how the model will guide the decision‐making process. The modeler must play a technical role as well as act as a translator and facilitator to engage and bridge the gap between researchers, conservation planners and decision makers, which is essential for effective conservation.
Impact of the United Network for organ sharing 2018 donor heart allocation system on transplant morbidity and mortality
Authors: Stern Lily K. , Velleca Angela , Nishihara Keith , Shen Adriana , Zaliznyak Michael , Patel Jignesh , Hamilton Michele A. , Ramzy Danny , Esmailian Fardad , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Kittleson Michelle M.
Published: December 2020

Background

While the revised UNOS HTx donor allocation system aimed to minimize waitlist mortality by prioritizing more critically ill transplant candidates, there is concern for increased post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. We examined the impact of the revised allocation system on waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes at a high‐volume transplant center.

Methods

One hundred and sixty nine adult patients underwent first‐time single‐organ HTx one year before (Era 1:79 patients) and after (Era 2:90 patients) implementation of the new allocation system (10/18/2018). Clinical characteristics, waitlist outcomes, and post‐transplant morbidity and mortality were compared.

Results

Era 2 patients were twice as likely to be transplanted on temporary mechanical circulatory support (43% vs. 19%, p < .0001). While Era 2 waitlist time was shorter (10 vs. 43 days, p < .001), exception status requests (21.1% vs. 17.9%) and waitlist mortality (3.3% vs. 2.2%) were similar. There was no difference in primary graft dysfunction, intensive care unit or hospital length of stay, readmissions, rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 1‐year survival (91.1% vs. 93.7%).

Conclusions

In a high‐volume center, the revised HTx allocation system shortened waitlist time with no significant change in waitlist mortality or observed impact on post‐transplant outcomes. With careful patient selection, the revised allocation system may optimize waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes.
Multiple satellite tracking datasets inform green turtle conservation at a regional scale
Authors: Ferreira Luciana C. , Thums Michele , Fossette Sabrina , Wilson Phillipa , Shimada Takahiro , Tucker Anton D. , Pendoley Kellie , Waayers Dave , Guinea Michael L. , Loewenthal Graham , King Joanne , Speirs Marissa , Rob Dani , Whiting Scott D.
Published: December 2020

Aim

Satellite tracking studies of marine megafauna have grown over the last few decades. The number of these individual datasets are now at levels which if combined, can infer on population level movement and spatial use. Here we use this approach to quantify distribution and important areas for one of the largest populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Indo‐Pacific.

Location

Western Australia.

Method

We compiled satellite tracking data for 96 adult, female green turtles from 10 rookeries and two genetic stocks and split the data into nesting, migration and foraging using a state‐space model to classify the movement behaviour underlying the track (resident or transient). We then used time (and number of turtles) in area analysis on each of these components to quantify the important areas of use, at both rookery and regional/stock scales. We also assessed the representativeness of the calculated distributions, based on the available sample sizes.

Results

86% of post‐nesting turtles had oceanic or coastal movement to neritic foraging grounds and 14% had local residency to their rookery. The foraging distribution consisted of the inshore waters of most of northwestern Australia. Our sample sizes used for inter‐nesting distribution were adequate for 90% of rookeries, but still larger sample sizes were needed for post‐nesting distributions.

Main conclusions

Despite some limitation with sample size, our analyses have provided a quantitative and robust approach to designate marine areas of importance for an endangered species. The spatial extent of the inter‐nesting areas was encompassed by existing spatial protection for green turtles during the breeding season, but existing Biologically Important Areas are largely underestimating the foraging areas. Our study highlights the utility of our approach for providing quantitative outputs at scales needed for management (local and regional).