bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histo-anatomy and morphology of aquatic plants Bacopa amplexicaulis (Pursh) Wettst., Bacopa lanigera (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wettst., and Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst.
Authors: Izzah Nidaul , Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Lestari Retno
Published: December 2022

Plants of the genus Bacopa are ornamental water plants used in aquascape design. This study examined the differences in morphological and anatomical characteristics in the roots, stems, and leaves of three Bacopa species, namely B. amplexicaulis, B. lanigera, and B. rotundifolia. The identification of morphological structure was based on a book entitled Morfologi Tumbuhan (Plant Morphology) by Tjitrosoepomo (2016). Anatomical identification referred to the book on Plant Anatomy by Crang et al. (2018). The data collected were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Bacopa rotundifolia had the smallest leaf size, while B. amplexicaulis had the largest leaf size. All of the observed species had leaf anatomical characters in the form of anomocytic stomata. Bacopa amplexicaulis had the largest stem diameter, measuring 4.38 cm. Trichome and aerenchyma structures were found in all stems of the test species. Bacopa lanigera stems had the most trichomes, 72 in one cross-section. Meanwhile, B. amplexicaulis had the longest trichome (1.590 µm). The aerenchyma of B. amplexicaulis and B. lanigera was flat, while that of B. rotundifolia was oval. Bacopa amplexicaulis had the longest aerenchyma at 957 µm. Only B. lanigera had a trichome on the root.
Megabenthos monitoring in Ternate, North Maluku
Authors: Ibrahim Putri Sapira , Saputro Sugeng Purwo , Yalindua Fione Yukita , Faricha Ana , Triandiza Teddy
Published: December 2022

Several megabenthos groups have important economic and ecological values- also play an important role in the condition and stability of coral reef ecosystems. The important role of this megabenthos group makes it a potential object as an indicator to assess coral reef health. This study aimed to determine the condition of coral reefs by monitoring the megabenthos. The targeted megabenthos in this study consisted of eight groups (Holothuria sp., Diadema sp., Blue Starfish, Tridacna spp., Drupella, Trochus niloticus, Acanthaster planci, and Lobsters). Data collection was carried out in Ternate Waters at 14 stations using the Benthos Belt Transect method. The analysis was carried out by examining the presence and the number of species, distribution and density of each station, density of each type of megabenthos, and ecological indices (dominance index, diversity index, and evenness index). The results of the study found a total of 375 individuals. The group of megabenthos species that were always found at each station was coral polyp-eating snails (Drupella). On the other hand, Acanthaster planci and lobster were groups of megabenthos species found only at a few stations. Overall, Drupella was the most dominant type of megabenthos during observation, which may be related to overfishing at that location. Several groups of fish were natural predators of Drupella. Their numbers in the wild are decreasing due to overfishing. The dominance that occurred during observations was closely related to the health condition of coral reefs and the diversity of coral species as the habitat of megabenthos.
Plankton community in the sea waters around Panjang and Pamujan Besar islands, Banten Bay
Authors: Juniardi E , Sulistiono  , Hariyadi S , Ervinia A , Wildan D M , Rohim N , Asriansyah A , Hestirianoto T , Nugroho T. , Thoha H , Fitriyah N
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the plankton community in the sea waters around Panjnag and Pamujan Besar Islands. It was conducted for three months, from May to July 2019, at six locations around the islands. Analysis was carried out to estimate abundance and the diversity, evenness, and dominance indices. Based on the study, the observed phytoplankton consisted of 3 classes, i.e., Bacillariophyceae (30 genera), Cyanophyceae (2 genera), and Dinophyceae (5 genera). The most abundant genera were Chaetoceros sp, Spirulina sp and Rhizosolenia sp. Meanwhile, the zooplankton consisted of 8 classes, i.e., Bivalvia, Ciliata (6 genera), Malacostraca (13 genera), Gastropods, Polychaeta, Sarcodina (1 genus), Rotifera (1 genus), and Urochordata (1 genus), with Nauplius, Calanus, and Bivalve larvae as the most abundant biota. The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton varied, 38095-13038515 cells/m3 (phyto) and 4010-190475 inds./m3 (zoo), respectively. The diversity, evenness and dominance indices of the phytoplankton and zooplankton were 0.693-2.146, 0.694-1.00, 0.160-0.341, and 0.780-2.027, 0.275-0.861, 0.160-0.500, respectively. Based on the results, the diversity value is moderate with high evenness and no dominant genera.
The abundance and species assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts at sediments in the three estuaries of the Southern part of South Sulawesi
Authors: Nur Inda Sari S , Rukminasari Nita
Published: December 2022

Harmful algal blooms (HAB) are a phenomenon of drastically increasing phytoplankton populations, which can cause problems in aquatic ecosystems. Dinoflagellate cysts are a type of phytoplankton that are the main source of causing the HAB phenomenon; this occurs due to unfavorable environmental conditions. The Southern Estuary of South Sulawesi has high fishery resources and high primary productivity. The coastal areas around these waters are widely used for anthropogenic activities that trigger nutrient increases. There are no studies on HAB, especially the abundance and community structure of dinoflagellate cysts at this location. This study aims to identify the types, abundance, and species assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts in the three estuaries of southern South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at three locations, namely the Pappa River Estuary, the Kelara River Estuary, and the Calendu River Estuary, in January 2022. Each location consists of 4 stations, 3 sub-stations with 3 repetitions sampling for each substation. Results showed that there were 34 species of dinoflagellate cysts belonging to 6 families, namely Gonyaulacaceae, Gymnodiniaceae, Osteropsidaceae, Peridiniaceae, Polykrikaceae, and Protoperidiaceae. The highest abundance of dinoflagellate cysts was at the Calendu River estuary station III, accounting for 82 cysts g−1, while the lowest abundance of dinoflagellate cysts was found at Pappa River estuaries stations I and II, accounting for 8 cysts g−1. The level of diversity, uniformity, and richness of dinoflagellate cysts was not significantly different in the three study sites. The family Osteropsidaceae was the most common type of dinoflagellate cyst found in the three study sites. The Osteropsidaceae family is a type of dinoflagellate cyst that contains toxins, so it can be assumed that the three research sites have the potential for HAB.
Population status and microhabitat preferences of endemic Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the introduced habitat in Kendari Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Arbi Ucu Yanu , Vimono Indra Bayu , Kusumawardhani Nindya Rizqy , Anshari Laode
Published: December 2022

Endemic Banggai cardinalfish has been found in several regions of Indonesia as an introduced species, including Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Observation on Banggai cardinalfish in Kendari Bay waters was carried out from late March to early April 2019 to obtain data on population and microhabitat preferences of Banggai cardinalfish in this location. The data were collected by scuba diving using a modified Belt Transect method, with 3 replicate transects (20x5 m) at each station. Observations of abundance, habitat and microhabitat preferences of Banggai cardinalfish were carried out in each belt transect. The fish was classified into 3 sizes based on standard length (SL): post-larval stage, juvenile, and adult. As supporting data of environmental, several parameters of physic and chemical were also measured at each location. The result shows that Banggai cardinalfish populations were found in all five locations at varying densities. 589 individuals of fish observed during the survey at five stations, consisting of 1.53% pot-larvae stages (9 individuals), 38.88% juveniles (229 individuals) and 59.59% adults (351 individuals). The density was ranged 0.31-2.41 ind m−2, which the lowest was in Station I (North part of Bokori Island), and the highest was in Station II (West part of Bokori Island). The maximum density for post-larvae stages was found at Station V (0.09 ind m−2), for juveniles at Station II (1.42 ind m−2) and for adults at Station IV (1.04 ind m−2). The majority (71.82%) of the Banggai cardinalfish were associated with black sea urchins (Diadema spp.), others associated with seagrass (11.71%), coral branching (9.51%), sea anemones (5.43%) and mushroom coral (1.53%). Juveniles and adults were generally found to be associated with sea urchin, while all post-larvae stages were associated with Heliofungia actiniformis. The results show that the Banggai cardinalfish has been able to adapt and establish resident populations in Kendari Bay water.
Comparative Study of Plankton Structure at Monoculture and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Floating Net Cages at Coastal Area of Menjangan Besar, Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Rifahyanti Siti Saodah , Putro Sapto Purnomo , Hariyati Riche , Murningsih
Published: December 2022

The study on the structure of the plankton community in monoculture and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System (IMTA) Floating Net Cages at Karimunjawa Islands was conducted in October 2021. This study aimed to assess the structure of the plankton community along with water quality parameters in those areas. Sampling was carried out by using the filtration method with a plankton net at three locations, namely monoculture, IMTA floating net cages, and non aquaculture (reference site). The study discovered 40 species consisting of 22 species of phytoplankton and 18 species of zooplankton. The phytoplankton found were from the Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Dinophyceae classes, while the zooplankton were from the Ascidiacea, Branchiopoda, Eurotatoria, Hexanauplia, Malacostraca, Secementea and Thecostraca classes. The biological indeces of phytoplankton showed the diversity index (H) between 1.26 - 2.27, the evenness index (E) between 0.4-0.17, and the dominance index (D) between 0.46 - 0.72. The zooplankton biological indeces showed the value (H) between 1.44-2.28, the value (E) is between 0.67 - 0.99 and the value (D) is between 0.11-0.19. Water quality parameter ranges were: visibility 5.1-7.38 m, water temperature 24.53-25.8 °C, turbidity 0-0.48 NTU, DO 1-14.74 mg.L−1, pH 5.75-9.55, salinity 29.5-33 °/oo and TDS 8.94 - 18.9 ppm. The results of the parametric data test using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the abundance of plankton structure at the three locations was significantly different (p<0.05).
The length weight relationship and condition factors of Tank Goby Glossogobius giuris Hamilton, 1822 in Lapompakka Lake, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Suwarni  , Kadir Farah Nilamsari , Tresnati Joeharnani , Kudsiah Hadiratul , Rahim Sri Wahyuni
Published: December 2022

Lapompakka lake is one of the inland waters located in Tanasitolo District, South Sulawesi. Tank goby is one of the main commodity fish in Lake Lapompakka. This study aims to analyze the length-weight relationship and condition factors based on sex, observation time, and gonad maturity of tank goby. The results of this research are expected to provide information on growth patterns and conditions factor of tank goby so that they are useful in determining sustainable management and utilization efforts for tank goby conservation. This research was conducted for three months (September - November). Tank goby samples were obtained from 2 fishermen who were fishing in Lapompakka Lake. Analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries Biology, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Hasanuddin University. The number of fish was 212 individuals, composed of 153 males and 59 females. The results of the analysis, the growth patterns of male (b = 2.4667) and female (b = 2.3770) tank goby have a negative allometric growth pattern, which indicates the increase in body length is faster than the increase in body weight of the tank goby. The value of the condition factor indicates that the tank goby is in good condition and are in the fat or plump category that the condition factor of the tank goby increase along with an increase in the level of gonad maturity.
Antibacterial activity of n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Polycarpa aurata against pathogenic bacteria of shrimp and fish
Authors: Lestari D N , Massinai A , Haris A
Published: December 2022

Polycarapa auratais one of the ascidians from the subphylum Urochordata that produces secondary metabolites that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to examine the potential ofPolycarpa aurataextract as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria of aquatic organisms, namelyVibrio parahaemolyticusandVibrio harveyi. This research was conducted from February to July 2020, including sample collection and preparation, extraction, and antibacterial testing. Samples ofPolycarpa auratawere obtained from the reef flat waters of Barranglompo Island, Makassar City. Sample preparation was carried out to produce a dry sample which was then continued in the extraction process by the multilevel maceration method (1:3). The solvents used were n-hexane (nonpolar) and ethanol (polar), which yielded a 1.6% yield of n-hexane extract and 2.21% ethanol extract, respectively. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method(Kirby Bauer Test)and measured the average clear zone against the two test bacteria. The n-hexane extract ofPolycarpa auratashowed antibacterial potential againstVibrio parahaemolyticus0.73 mm andVibrio harveyi1.24 mm with a weak category. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract ofPolycarpa auratashowed weak antibacterial activity againstVibrio parahaemolyticus4.21 mm and moderate category againstVibrio harveyi6.69 mm.
Molecular docking analysis of selected natural products from Halymenia sp. and Laurencia sp. seaweeds against plasmepsins as antimalarials
Authors: Tasakka Asmi Citra Malina A.R , Iskandar Israini Wiyulanda , Sulfahri  , Suyono Eko Agus , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Yuwono Mochammad , Kasmiati  , Zainuddin Elmi Nurhaidah , Achmad Marlina , Djawad Muhammad Iqbal , Alam Jamaluddin Fitrah , Umar Widyastuti , Yusriyyah Andi Alya , Zaenab St.
Published: December 2022

Malaria is one of the most important public health problems worldwide, with nearly half of the global population exposed to the risk of contamination. The disease is found in 91 countries, mostly in the tropics and subtropics of the planet. There are several previous research that identifies Plasmepsins as a potential target to develop novel antimalarial drugs from the malaria parasite Plasmodium that play a role in the breakdown of globin into amino acids. Given the above, it is important to find novel and effective drugs that can decrease this disease, especially from natural products such as medicine. Seaweed is a potential source of bioactive compounds to be used as antimalarials, such as species from the genera Laurencia and Halymenia. This recent study has studied the molecular docking approach to identify the potential of Halymenia sp. and Laurencia sp. against Plasmepsin by using PyRx 0.8 software. It showed that the compounds in Halymenia sp. and Laurencia sp. were able to react and inhibit the action of plasmepsin, seen from the binding affinity value, which was quite small at -4.3, this value is higher than the two bioactive compounds in seaweed, namely Stigmasterol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde which have binding affinity values of -8.5 and 6.5, respectively. Judging from this, the compounds contained in Laurencia sp and Halymenia sp have potential as candidates for antimalarial drugs.
Determination of fatty acid profiles and bioactive properties of body wall and viscera of Holothuria atra collected from Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Y , Soffa F B , Firdaus M , Pangestuti R , Siahaan E A
Published: December 2022

Holothuria atra is one of the most abundant sea cucumbers found in Indonesia and known to possess various bioactivities. In this study we determined the antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and fatty acids of body wall and viscera of H. atra. Samples were collected from North Lombok. Fatty acid profile of fresh H. atra was examined by gas chromatographic quantification. Four different solvents (ethanol, methanol, ethanol mixed with water, and ethanol mixed with acetone) were used to extract the phenolic content of the viscera and body wall of H. atra. It is found that the fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) amount of body wall were higher than viscera of H. atra; The results showed H. atra contained 8.56% EPA and 1.6% DHA in the body wall followed by 0.1% EPA and o.37 DHA in the viscera. The extract of body wall of H. atra using ethanol acetone mixture has low antioxidant activity with value of 16.05±0.78mg/mL and the strong antioxidant activity was found in ethanolic extract of H. atra viscera (2.77±0.88 mg/mL). Antibacterial activity of body wall and viscera of H. atra against gram negative and positive bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus were conducted by using agar diffusion method.
Evaluation of seaweed, Ulva lactuca as a fresh diet for nursery stage of golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus
Authors: Sulaeman H A , Zainuddin  , Laining A
Published: December 2022

Ulva lactucais a green seaweed with a high potency to be used as fish diet. The feeding trial aimed to evaluate the use ofU.lactucaas fresh diet for the nursery of golden rabbitfishSiganus guttatus. Five treatments were evaluated, namely 100% fresh Ulva (FU), the combination of fresh Ulva and dry pellet with the ratio of 75:25% (UP1), 50:50% (UP2), 25:75% (UP3), and 100% dry pellet (DP) with three replicates. Golden rabbitfish with a mean initial weight of 6.2 g were stocked into fifteen rearing tanks at a density of 20 fish tank−1. After 90 days, growth responses differed significantly amongst dietary groups. Fish fed DP had similar weight gain (219.86%) to UP3 (232.21%), and its specific growth rate (1.29%/day) was similar to UP2 (1.11%/day) and UP3 (1.33%/day), but significantly different (p<0.05) from FU (SGR -0.25%/day; WG -19.97%). The survival rate of fish fed UP2 (98.33%) was significantly different (p<0.05) from FU (80.00%). The fish body color fed FU had bright yellowish color and high carotenoids (14.69 µg g−1) compared to DP. The combination of fresh Ulva with pellet at the same ratio of 50% and 25:75% similar to the 100% pellet diet can support the fish growth.
Potential utilization of mussel meals as an alternative fish feed raw material for aquaculture
Authors: Rasidi
Published: December 2022

Increasing the target of aquaculture production will increase the need for feed which an increase will follow in the need for fish meal. The constraint in aquaculture fish feed dependence on a fish meal import is known. In efforts to find local raw materials to reduce dependence on fish meals, one source of quality animal protein from marine resources as raw material for feed that needs to be studied and developed is mollusks or mussels. This review summarizes the use of mussel meal in aquaculture feed and is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing studies’ potential on mussels meal used as a feed ingredient in fish feed. Many species of mussel have been tested for raw material in fish feed such as blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina & Unio mancus),Mytilus edulisL and Green mussel (Perna viridis). Mussels contain high levels of nutrients and bio-actives which were utilized in the form of mussel meals for feed ingredients. The constraint mussels have high heavy metals such as Pb, Hg and Pb. The utilization of mussel meals as a source of protein feed could increase the growth of several types of cultured fish. One alternative used organic acid as a feed additive to reduce toxicity of heavy metals in fish. The conclusion is that mussel meals have the potential as raw material and an alternative protein source to reduce dependence on a fish meal in aquaculture fish feed.
Effect of feeding rate on growth and feed conversion ratio in the cultivation recirculation systems of multi tropic model
Authors: Heriansah  , Syamsuddin R , Najamuddin  , Syafiuddin
Published: December 2022

The effects of feeding rate (0.5%, 7.5%, and 10% body weight [BW] per day [BW day−1]) on the growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio of rabbit fish,Siganus guttatus, (initial BW of 2.0 ± 0.5 g, density of 16 individuals 80 L−1) were investigated in a water recirculating aquaculture system of Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA model involving musselPerna viridis, sea urchinDiadema sitosum, and seaweedKappaphycus alvarezii. Triplicate groups of fish were fed an comercial diet (55.4% protein, 14.1% lipid) four meals a day (8 a.m, 12 a.m, 4 p.m, dan 8 p.m) for 12 weeks. Survival rate (SR), body weight gain (BWG, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly affected (p<0.05) by feeding rate. Experimental application of the IMTA model shows that although the amount of feed given is higher, it can produce better growth performance.
The effect of vitamin B complex and phosphorus on the RNA/DNA ratio and larval growth of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790)
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Karim Muh. Yusri , Zainuddin  , Aslamyah Siti
Published: December 2022

Barramundi (L. calcarifer) is a valuable fish with aquaculture potential. One of the factors determining the success of barramundi aquaculture is the availability of seeds, however larviculture success is often low. This research examined the effect of supplementation with various combinations of vitamin B complex and phosphorus on the RNA/DNA ratio and growth of captive-bred barramundi larvae. Barramundi larvae aged 2 days were stocked at a density of 25 fish/L and reared for 30 days with natural feed (Chlorella and rotifers) in 40 L containers filled with 30 L water. Commercial vitamin B complex and mineral phosphorus were dissolved in water and added to the larval rearing media. The research used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, 4 levels and 3 replicates, giving 16 treatments and 48 experimental units. The factors were vitamin B complex (0, 75, 150, and 225 mg/L) and phosphorus (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L). Analysis of variance showed that the combination of vitamin B complex and phosphorus had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on the RNA/DNA ratio. Barramundi larval growth was lowest with 0 mg/L of both supplements (control) and highest with 150mg/L vitamin B complex and 1.0 mg/L phosphorus, decreasing with higher levels of either additive.
Biological performance and water quality of Asian redtail catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus cultured using duckweed as a phytoremediation
Authors: Setiadi E , Taufik I , Puspaningsih D
Published: December 2022

Asian redtail catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus is one of the local species that have an economical values in Southeast Asia including Indonesia. The research aims to obtain the optimal of duckweed biomass as phytoremediation on survival, growth, stress response, and water quality dynamic of Asian redtail catfish culture. The different of duckweed, Lemna sp biomass as a treatments were as followed A) 0 gram (control); B) 20 gram; C) 40 gram; and D) 60 gram. Three replicates were performed for each treatment. 12 fiber thanks with size of 60 x 40 x 40cm were set up where each thank was stocking 50 fishes. The result showed that the Lemna sp biomass affect the survival, growth, biomass, and blood glucose (P<0.05). The absolute biomass of Lemna sp yield were also significantly different (P<0.05). Water quality dynamic during the culture such as nitrite, nitrate, total of ammonia, phosphate concentrations at the control (0 gram) was the highest compared to the others where the dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature were relative constant. The Lemna sp biomass of 40 gram can be recommended as a phytoremediation for culturing seed in order to increasing productivity and keep the water quality in the optimal range.
Epiphyte attachment preference on Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophycea) Thallus and Vertical Net
Authors: Haris B A J , Kasim M , Salwiyah  , Balubi A M , Jalil W
Published: December 2022

The attachment of epiphytes on culture equipment and seaweed thalli has proven to be one of the factors preventing Eucheuma denticulatum growth. This research aimed to clarify epiphyte preference for E. denticulatum thallus and culture equipment by using vertical nets. Vertical net is a cultivation technology that protects seaweeds from herbivorous pests (fish and turtles). This research was conducted at Tanjung Tiram Coast, one of seaweed cultivation areas in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research used vertical nets and E. denticulatum thalli. The study took place at 3 stations, each using 3 tools and 3 replications. The results showed that there were 7 species of epiphyte attaching to the vertical net equipment and 6 species attaching to the thalli of E. denticulatum. The densities of epiphytes attaching to the vertical net equipment and E. denticulatum thalli were 110 ind./cm2 and 250 ind./cm2 on average, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in density between the epiphytes attached to the vertical net equipment and those attached to the E. denticulatum thalli. They also showed that the epiphyte density insignificantly influenced the overall seaweed weight. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the abundance of epiphytes attached to the vertical nets and brightness.
The role of the mangrove environment community in Karawang Regency
Authors: Wopa Luthfiyyah Dzakiyyah , Pin Tjiong Giok , Rahatiningtyas Nurul Sri , Yosmaniar
Published: December 2022

Mangrove ecosystems in Karawang regency have a fairly extensive mangrove forest with various ecology functions based on conservation that can be used as ecotourism. This can be utilized as a local natural potential by being managed by the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze community perceptions of potensial mangrove ecotourism in Cilebar District are scattered in Pusakajaya Utara and Mekarpohaci villages, while Tempuran sub-districts are scattered in Tanjungjaya and Sumberjaya villages. Data was collected through field surveys and interviews using questionnaires. The analysis used in this research is spatial and descriptive. The result showed that the community perception was very good in the Pusakajaya Utara and Sumberjaya villages; while the community perception was good in Mekarpohaci and Tanjungjaya villages. The better community perception of mangrove ecotourism can be the basis for community participation to manage the potential of the mangrove ecosystem in the area.
The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) compound of seawater in Mayalibit Bay, West of Papua
Authors: Edward  , Helfinalis  , Witasari Y
Published: December 2022

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are polycyclic aromatic organic compounds that contain several carbon and hydrogen rings, known to be toxic and can be harmful to human life and biota in marine waters. This study aimed to determine the levels of PAHs in seawater in Mayalibit Bay, Papua. Seawater samples were taken using a water sampler at 8 locations in Mayalibit Bay in November 2008. The contaminant content of organic carbon compounds in PAHs was determined by Gas-Chromatography Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The results showed a high content of HMW-PAHs and LMW-PAHs and passed the criteria for living status marine organisms by instruction of quality control guidelines by The Environment Ministry of Indonesia. The high molecular weight (HMW-PAHs) type has the highest rate, and LMW-PAH has the widest spread in Mayalibit’s seawaters, higher than Jakarta Bay, Timor Sea and Klabat Bay. The Diagnostic individual ratio analysis shows that the origin of PAHs in Mayalibit’s seawater comes from a pyrogenic source such as: residual petroleum and combustion products of organic matter.
Thermodynamic modeling and computational predictions of NbC precipitation in Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys by the classical nucleation and growth theories
Authors: Wang Yaomian , Deng Xuyang , Zhang Mengqi , Yang Huanping
Published: December 2022

NbC precipitation in Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys is an effective method to improve the shape memory effect. In this study, the precipitation behavior was investigated using a thermodynamical model to understand the mechanism and optimize the precipitates for a better performance of Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys. The influence of alloying elements can be considered in the model by introducing interaction parameters. The precipitate size distribution, mean size, precipitate volume faction, and number density of three typical Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys with different NbC addition amounts were calculated. The results indicated that the mean size could be decreased significantly as the NbC addition increased from 0.5% to 1.0%, while the precipitate volume fraction and number density showed obvious increments. The Fe–28Mn–6Si–5Cr alloys exhibited smaller mean sizes and higher number densities than the Fe–14Mn–6Si–9Cr–5Ni and Fe–21Mn–6Si–9Cr–5Ni alloys. It was also found that the precipitate size distribution showed no evident change as the aging time increased from 0.5 h to 2 h except for the Fe–28Mn–6Si–5Cr–0.5NbC alloy in which the precipitates began to coarsen after about 1.25 h.
Computing the nonfree locus of the moduli space of arrangements and Terao’s freeness conjecture
Authors: Barakat Mohamed , Kühne Lukas
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we show how to compute, using Fitting ideals, the nonfree locus of the moduli space of arrangements of a rank

3
3

simple matroid, i.e., the subset of all points of the moduli space which parametrize nonfree arrangements. Our approach relies on the so-called Ziegler restriction and Yoshinaga’s freeness criterion for multiarrangements. We use these computations to verify Terao’s freeness conjecture for rank

3
3

central arrangements with up to

14
14

hyperplanes in any characteristic.
Improved Poincaré-Hardy inequalities on certain subspaces of the Sobolev space
Authors: Ganguly Debdip , Roychowdhury Prasun
Published: December 2022

We prove an improved version of Poincaré-Hardy inequality in suitable subspaces of the Sobolev space on the hyperbolic space via Bessel pairs. As a consequence, we obtain a new Hardy type inequality with an improved constant (than the usual Hardy constant). Furthermore, we derive a new kind of improved Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality on the hyperbolic space.
Existence of extremizers for Fourier restriction to the moment curve
Authors: Biswas Chandan , Stovall Betsy
Published: December 2022

We show that the restriction and extension operators associated to the moment curve possess extremizers and that

L
p

L^p

-normalized extremizing sequences of these operators are precompact modulo symmetries.
From multi-omics data to the cancer druggable gene discovery: a novel machine learning-based approach
Authors: Yang Hai , Gan Lipeng , Chen Rui , Li Dongdong , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhe
Published: December 2022

The development of targeted drugs allows precision medicine in cancer treatment and optimal targeted therapies. Accurate identification of cancer druggable genes helps strengthen the understanding of targeted cancer therapy and promotes precise cancer treatment. However, rare cancer-druggable genes have been found due to the multi-omics data’s diversity and complexity. This study proposes deep forest for cancer druggable genes discovery (DF-CAGE), a novel machine learning-based method for cancer-druggable gene discovery. DF-CAGE integrated the somatic mutations, copy number variants, DNA methylation and RNA-Seq data across ˜10 000 TCGA profiles to identify the landscape of the cancer-druggable genes. We found that DF-CAGE discovers the commonalities of currently known cancer-druggable genes from the perspective of multi-omics data and achieved excellent performance on OncoKB, Target and Drugbank data sets. Among the ˜20 000 protein-coding genes, DF-CAGE pinpointed 465 potential cancer-druggable genes. We found that the candidate cancer druggable genes (CDG) are clinically meaningful and divided the CDG into known, reliable and potential gene sets. Finally, we analyzed the omics data’s contribution to identifying druggable genes. We found that DF-CAGE reports druggable genes mainly based on the copy number variations (CNVs) data, the gene rearrangements and the mutation rates in the population. These findings may enlighten the future study and development of new drugs.
RefTM: reference-guided topic modeling of single-cell chromatin accessibility data
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Chen Shengquan , Lin Zhixiang
Published: December 2022

Single-cell analysis is a valuable approach for dissecting the cellular heterogeneity, and single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS) can profile the epigenetic landscapes for thousands of individual cells. It is challenging to analyze scCAS data, because of its high dimensionality and a higher degree of sparsity compared with scRNA-seq data. Topic modeling in single-cell data analysis can lead to robust identification of the cell types and it can provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms. Reference-guided approach may facilitate the analysis of scCAS data by utilizing the information in existing datasets. We present RefTM (Reference-guided Topic Modeling of single-cell chromatin accessibility data), which not only utilizes the information in existing bulk chromatin accessibility and annotated scCAS data, but also takes advantage of topic models for single-cell data analysis. RefTM simultaneously models: (1) the shared biological variation among reference data and the target scCAS data; (2) the unique biological variation in scCAS data; (3) other variations from known covariates in scCAS data.
Radiomic features of gray matter in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Zhu Fei , Xiao Yuan , Tao Bo , Gao Ziyang , Gao Xin , Zhao Qiannan , Zhang Qi , Tang Biqiu , Zhang Xiaodi , Zhao Yu , Bishop Jeffrey R , Sweeney John A , Lui Su
Published: December 2022

Alterations of radiomic features (RFs) in gray matter are observed in schizophrenia, of which the results may be limited by small study samples and confounding effects of drug therapies. We tested for RFs alterations of gray matter in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia (NT-FES) patients and examined their associations with known gene expression profiles. RFs were examined in the first sample with 197 NT-FES and 178 healthy controls (HCs) and validated in the second independent sample (90 NT-FES and 74 HCs). One-year follow-up data were available from 87 patients to determine whether RFs were associated with treatment outcomes. Associations between identified RFs in NT-FES and gene expression profiles were evaluated. NT-FES exhibited alterations of 30 RFs, with the greatest involvement of microstructural heterogeneity followed by measures of brain region shape. The identified RFs were mainly located in the central executive network, frontal-temporal network, and limbic system. Two baseline RFs with the involvement of microstructural heterogeneity predicted treatment response with moderate accuracy (78% for the first sample, 70% for the second sample). Exploratory analyses indicated that RF alterations were spatially related to the expression of schizophrenia risk genes. In summary, the present findings link brain abnormalities in schizophrenia with molecular features and treatment response.
Context-independent scaling of neural responses to task difficulty in the multiple-demand network
Authors: Wen Tanya , Egner Tobias
Published: December 2022

The multiple-demand (MD) network is sensitive to many aspects of cognitive demand, showing increased activation with more difficult tasks. However, it is currently unknown whether the MD network is modulated by the context in which task difficulty is experienced. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined MD network responses to low, medium, and high difficulty arithmetic problems within 2 cued contexts, an easy versus a hard set. The results showed that MD activity varied reliably with the absolute difficulty of a problem, independent of the context in which the problem was presented. Similarly, MD activity during task execution was independent of the difficulty of the previous trial. Representational similarity analysis further supported that representational distances in the MD network were consistent with a context-independent code. Finally, we identified several regions outside the MD network that showed context-dependent coding, including the inferior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, posterior insula, and large areas of the visual cortex. In sum, a cognitive effort is processed by the MD network in a context-independent manner. We suggest that this absolute coding of cognitive demand in the MD network reflects the limited range of task difficulty that can be supported by the cognitive apparatus.
Tuberculosis and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Han Rim , Yoo Jung Eun , Choi Hayoung , Han Kyungdo , Lim Young-Hyo , Lee Hyun , Shin Dong Wook
Published: December 2022

Background

Little is known about the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in tuberculosis (TB) survivors.

Methods

We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. TB survivors (n = 60 602) and their 1:1 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 60 602) were enrolled. Eligible participants were followed up from 1 year after their TB diagnosis to the date of an IHD event, date of death, or the end of the study period (31 December 2018), whichever came first. The risk of IHD was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression, and stratified analyses were performed for related factors. Among IHD events, we additionally analyzed for myocardial infarction (MI).

Results

During a median of 3.9 years of follow-up, 2.7% of TB survivors (1633/60 602) and 2.0% of the matched controls (1228/60 602) developed IHD, and 0.6% of TB patients (341/60 602) and 0.4% of the matched controls (223/60 602) developed MI. The overall risk of developing IHD and MI was higher in TB patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.32 for IHD and aHR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.23–1.78 for MI) than in the matched controls. Stratified analyses showed that TB survivors have an increased risk of IHD and MI regardless of income, place of residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Conclusions

TB survivors have a higher risk of IHD than matched controls. Strategies are needed to reduce the burden of IHD in TB survivors.
Age Advocacy on Twitter Over 12 Years
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Discussions on age-related issues have begun taking place in earnest, but exactly what dominates public consciousness about these issues is a topic that has yet to kindle scholarly attention. This study analyzes tweets uploaded by age advocacy organizations that have attracted the highest levels of engagement on Twitter.

Research Design and Methods

We collected 403,426 tweets from 53 accounts. These tweets were posted over 12 years, from 2009 to 2021. After applying our exclusion criteria and collating the top 1% of tweets with the highest levels of engagement, 2,054 tweets were retained for analysis. Both inductive and deductive approaches informed our qualitative content analysis.

Results

Five themes emerged. “Issues Related to Alzheimer’s Disease or Dementia” (Theme 1) formed the majority of tweets (62%; N = 1,278). Theme 2 “Rising Health Care or Retirement Costs” was the second largest theme (25%; N = 506). Seven percent of the tweets were on “Reframing Aging and Combating Ageism” (Theme 3; N = 138). “Matters Affecting Caregivers” surfaced in Theme 4 (4%; N = 81). Two percent of the tweets were on “Intersectional Concerns” (Theme 5; N = 51).

Discussion and Implications

As age advocacy organizations step up to engage the public constructively in matters regarding later life, there is a compelling need to quell public anxiety about old age and to sensitize society to the struggles confronted by older adults. In undertaking the range of activities needed to do so, age advocacy organizations should consolidate efforts even as they rethink existing strategies to effectuate change.
Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD
Authors: Williamson David , Turkoz Ibrahim , Wajs Ewa , Singh Jaskaran B , Borentain Stephane , Drevets Wayne C
Published: December 2022

Background

“Dissociation” comprises distinct phenomena, some of which are associated with esketamine treatment and some may overlap with positive symptoms of psychosis. Relationships between dissociation and psychotic symptoms assessed by ­clinician report vs conventional rating scales were investigated in a post hoc analysis of data from the initial treatment session in an ­open-label, ­long-term safety, phase 3 study of esketamine plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Methods

Adverse events of dissociation or psychosis were examined via investigator report and the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Plus, respectively, 40 minutes post first esketamine dose. The range of CADSS total scores associated with investigator-reported severity of dissociation was determined by equipercentile linking. Logistic regression models and receiver operating curve analysis explored the CADSS cutoff point for determining presence/absence of dissociation. Frequency of response to specific CADSS items was examined to investigate qualitative differences in the pattern of symptoms reported across investigator-reported levels of adverse event severity.

Results

Dissociation was reported as an adverse event in 14.3% (109/764) of patients. Severity of most CADSS items increased with the severity of investigator-reported dissociation. No CADSS cutoff point discriminated well between the presence and absence of dissociation events. Hallucinations were reported as adverse events in 5 patients; none reported delusions.

Conclusions

CADSS scores and severity of dissociation adverse events move generally in the same direction; however, there is substantial variability in this relationship. No signature profile of dissociative experiences was revealed, and psychotic symptoms were uncommon.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02497287
Roquin-dependent gene regulation in immune-mediated diseases and future therapies
Authors: Raj Timsse , Negraschus Arlinda , Heissmeyer Vigo
Published: December 2022

The RNA-binding proteins Roquin-1/2 and Regnase-1 exert essential regulation by controlling pro-inflammatory mRNA expression to prevent autoimmune disease. More recently, inhibition of this post-transcriptional gene regulatory program has been demonstrated to enable enhanced anti-tumor responses by tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In this review, we describe the functions of these RNA-binding proteins and the phenotypes that arise in association with genetic inhibition or inactivation. We discuss how inducible inactivation of the system reprograms CD4+ and CD8+ T cell fates by changing cell metabolism, activation, differentiation or effector/memory decisions. We furthermore outline what we need to know to precisely modulate this system in order to dampen autoimmune reactions or boost the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in cancer immunotherapies.
Evaluating a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on growth performance of broilers fed U.S. commercial diets deficient in nutrients and energy through 63 days of age
Authors: Sobotik E B , House G M , Stiewert A M , Bello A , Dersjant-Li Y , Shoesmith E , Remus J , Archer G S
Published: December 2022

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant expressed in Trichoderma reesei (PhyG) in broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with application of dose-specific full nutrient and energy matrix values. Ross 708, straight-run broilers (n = 2,016) were assigned to one of 7 dietary treatments, with 12 replicate pens/diet and 24 birds/pen. Diets were a nutrient adequate control (PC), nutrient reduced negative controls 1, 2, and 3 (NC1, NC2, and NC3) with reductions in available phosphorus (avP) by 0.15%, 0.18%, and 0.19%, calcium (Ca) by 0.17%, 0.20%, and 0.21%, dig amino acids (AA) by 0.02%–0.05%, sodium (Na) by 0.03%–0.05%, and metabolizable energy (ME) by 62.8, 68.8, and 69.5 kcal/kg, respectively. Other diets were the NC1, NC2, and NC3 respectively supplemented with 500 (PhyG500), 1,000 (PhyG1000), and 2,000 (PhyG2000) FTU/kg. Over the 63-day feeding period, decreasing nutrient specifications lowered body weights (P < 0.05) in broilers from 4,518 g in PC to 4,256 g and 4,191 g and increased body weight-corrected feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05) from 1.92 in PC to 2.06 and 2.08 in the NC2 and NC3, respectively. Compared with PC, PhyG maintained (P > 0.05) BW in broilers fed PhyG500 (4,474 g), PhyG1000 (4,417 g), and PhyG2000 (4,449 g). Moreover, PhyG at all dose-levels maintained (P > 0.05) overall FCR vs. PC. The NC1, NC2, and NC3 diets decreased (P < 0.05) tibia ash vs. PC, and each PhyG500, PhyG1000, and PhyG2000 completely restored tibia ash to the similar levels (P > 0.05) as the PC. Carcass yield was decreased (P < 0.05) by NC1 (80.63%), NC2 (80.51%), and NC3 (80.31%) vs. PC (81.96%) with complete alleviation by PhyG500 (82.11%), PhyG1000 (81.80%), and PhyG2000 (81.54%). In conclusion, the novel consensus phytase variant completely compensated for the reduction in dietary avP, Ca, dig AA, and ME at each dose-level and maintained growth performance, bone quality, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in a typical corn-soybean mean based diet fed to broilers through 63 days of age.