bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bringing Back Former Vegans And Vegetarians: An Obstacle Analysis
Authors: Faunalytics
Published: April 2023

This Faunalytics analysis looks at the obstacles faced by people who once pursued a veg*n diet, and what they would need to resume being veg*n, in their own words.
The Bayesian Mutation Sampler explains distributions of causal judgments
Authors: Kolvoort Ivar , Temme Nina , van Maanen Leendert
Published: April 2023

One consistent finding in the causal reasoning literature is that causal judgments are rather variable. In particular, distributions of probabilistic causal judgments tend not to be normal and are often not centered on the normative response. As an explanation for these response distributions, we propose that people engage in ‘mutation sampling’ when confronted with a causal query and integrate this information with prior information about that query. The Mutation Sampler model (Davis & Rehder, 2020) posits that we approximate probabilities using a sampling process, explaining the average responses of participants on a wide variety of tasks. Careful analysis, however, shows that its predicted response distributions do not match empirical distributions. We develop the Bayesian Mutation Sampler (BMS) which extends the original model by incorporating the use of generic prior distributions. We fit the BMS to experimental data and find that, in addition to average responses, the BMS explains multiple distributional phenomena including the moderate conservatism of the bulk of responses, the lack of extreme responses, and spikes of responses at 50%.
The co-evolution of pragmatics and grammatical complexity
Authors: Wittenberg Eva , Jackendoff Ray
Published: April 2023

We propose a Complexity Hierarchy of grammars that map between sound and meaning, beginning with relatively trivial one-word grammars and culminating with the grammars of modern human languages. We argue that the levels in this hierarchy are plausible and necessary stages in the evolution of the contemporary human language faculty. We further argue that these levels leave traces in syntactically complex languages, as well as in home sign and emerging sign languages, where they can be thought of as "living fossils." An important stage in the hierarchy is what has been called "protolanguage" or "linear grammar"-a form of language that maps meaning to strings of words, but that, crucially, lacks syntactic and morphological structure. This gradualist scenario has implications for the division of labor between grammar and pragmatics. The simpler grammars in the Complexity Hierarchy place a strong reliance on pragmatics for many aspects of utterance meaning, including even basic questions such as who did what to whom. As grammars move up the Complexity Hierarchy and become more complex, these relatively simple interpretive factors become more systematic and less dependent on pragmatic inferences. However, pragmatic processes do not disappear. Rather, they change in character: Syntax, semantics, and the lexicon trigger highly structured pragmatic phenomena such as presuppositions and implicatures in a systematic and reliable way. In a sense, the more complex the grammar, the more opportunity for such pragmatic niches.
From Numbers to Gist: How Graphs and Charts Improve Numerical Cognition and Financial Decision Making
Authors: Michalik Jakub , Sumliński Łukasz , Sobkow Agata
Published: April 2023

Numeracy is the ability to understand, manipulate, and make sense of numerical information. It is crucial for everyday decision making that involves dealing with numbers. In this study, we tested whether we can help people make better choices in monetary lotteries by communicating numerical values (i.e., payoffs and probabilities) using visual aids. We also checked whether presenting this information in a visual form reduces math-related anxiety and global affect negativity. Participants (N = 210) made choices in ten monetary lotteries accompanied with visual aids (experimental condition) or without visual aids (control condition). After the lottery task, participants completed questionnaires measuring experienced emotions and numerical skills. We found that in a visual aid condition, participants who were relatively less educated scored significantly higher in a lottery task (made more expected value consistent choices) in comparison to those in the control condition. Moreover, participants in the visual aid condition reported significantly lower intensity of negative emotions after the lottery task than those in the control condition. We argue that visual aids are a promising tool for future learning, and their simplicity and friendly format can positively influence people's decisions in situations involving risk in health, finance, or in a school context.
Longitudinal clusters of long-term trajectories in patients with early-onset chronic depression: Two years of naturalistic follow-up after extensive psychological treatment
Authors: Elsaesser Moritz , Feige Bernd , Kriston Levente , Schumacher Lea , Peifer Jasmin , Hautzinger Martin , Härter Martin , Schramm Elisabeth
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In clinical trials, mostly group-level treatment effects of repeated cross-sectional measures are analyzed. However, substantial heterogeneity regarding individual symptom profiles and the variability of treatment effects are often neglected, especially over the long-term course. To provide effective personalized treatments, investigations of these characteristics are urgently needed.Methods: Depression severity ratings over 104 weeks of follow-up after year-long treatment with the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) or Supportive Psychotherapy (SP) were analyzed. Longitudinal cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to investigate intraindividual trajectories from one of the largest psychotherapy trials in early-onset chronic depression.Results: Two-year post-study-treatment trajectories of N=188 patients with early-onset chronic depression were grouped into four prototypical clusters. Overall, 16.0% of patients remitted (cluster 1) and most of them did not receive any treatment during the two-year follow-up. However, 84.0% of patients continued to experience subthreshold (37.2% cluster 2) or major depressive symptoms (46.8% clusters 3-4) and spent on average more than half of the follow-up in pharmacological and psychological treatment. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that previous study treatment with CBASP or SP did not significantly predict cluster allocation, while baseline variables accounted for a large proportion of explained variance (R2N=.64).Conclusion: While some patients experienced stable remission over two years of follow-up, the majority of patients experienced subthreshold or major depressive symptoms regardless of former study treatment with CBASP or SP. This calls for a long-term perspective implementing staging and innovative treatment approaches such as the sequential model or modular psychotherapy.
Where Are Perceiver Biases in Personality Perception Rooted? Findings from a Recognition Task
Authors: Rau Richard , Schmidt Lea , Vogel Lisa
Published: April 2023

Individuals differ in how positively vs. negatively they judge others when providing ratings of first impressions. Here, we investigated whether these rating tendencies reflect conscious choices to be polite and benevolent vs. authentic and critical or whether positivity differences are rooted more deeply in basic information processing. To this end, we developed a procedure in which participants first familiarize themselves with vignettes of unknown targets which contain both desirable and undesirable personality information and later complete a surprise recognition task asking whether or not specific traits had been mentioned in the vignettes. In Study 1 (n = 312) participants differed considerably in the valence of traits they recognized as having been mentioned such that some recognized more positive than negative traits and others more negative than positive traits. Participants with a tendency to recognize mostly positive traits indicated greater liking for the targets and were more agreeable, more conscientious, and older. These results were replicated in Study 2 (n = 837). Study 2 further established that positivity differences occurred during encoding rather than recall and were moderately associated with positivity differences measured with a classic rating-based procedure. The present work expands the understanding of perceiver positivity by differentiating between judgment and perception phenomena.
The relationship between transliminality, hypnotic and imaginative suggestibility, and other personality traits.
Authors: Irving Abbie , Nikolova Niia Emilova , Robinson Susan , Ionita Iris , Kelly Steve , Kirsch Irving , Mazzoni Giuliana , Venneri Annalena , McGeown William J.
Published: April 2023

Transliminality may be considered as the tendency for an individual to experience a blurring of boundaries between unconscious and conscious states. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between transliminality, suggestibility (hypnotic and imaginative) and a range of other personality traits. Despite several hypotheses being proposed on the relationship between transliminality and hypnotisability, no empirical study has directly examined this link before. The assumption is that high transliminality, which relates to thin boundaries and the potential for information to flow more easily in a bi-directional manner between subconsciousness and consciousness, will be associated with suggestibility (and in particular hypnotic suggestibility and subjective experiential responses to suggestion).In the present study, participants (n=456) completed online a set of self-report personality questionnaires, where 4 scales were administered: The Revised Transliminality Scale, The Tellegen Absorption Scale, the Creative Experiences Questionnaire, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale II. To avoid context effects, in a separate and stand-alone study, hypnotic and imaginative suggestibility screenings were conducted using the Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale (imaginative suggestibility, n = 328; hypnotic suggestibility, n=243). Of those people who completed both the online personality questionnaires and the in-person suggestibility screening, and whose data could be merged, 140 had done the imaginative suggestibility screening, and 127 had done the hypnotic suggestibility screening.Transliminality was found to be weakly correlated with the imaginative suggestibility subjective response measure (r = .19). Likewise, weak correlations were found between transliminality and the hypnotic suggestibility response measures (objective, r = .21, subjective, r = .23, involuntariness, r = .24). The results of forward multiple regression modelling reflected the observed pattern of correlations, with no model for any of the variables, including more than a single significant predictor. Transliminality served as a significant predictor for the subjective imaginative suggestibility measure, and for both the hypnotic suggestibility objective and subjective measure. In summary, this study, which avoided context effects (between the personality questionnaires and the suggestibility screenings) and which assessed suggestibility using a number of measures (hypnotic, imaginative; objective, subjective, involuntariness response), shows transliminality to be a weak predictor of response to suggestion. The pattern of correlations points towards transliminality being more closely linked to hypnotic rather than imaginative suggestibility, and to be associated more with experiential as opposed to objective measures of response to suggestion.
Perceptual learning in humans: an active, top-down guided process
Authors: Slagter Heleen A
Published: April 2023

DNN models of human-like vision are typically built by feeding blank slate DNNs visual images as training data. However, the literature on human perception and perceptual learning suggests that developing DNNs that truly model human vision requires a shift in approach in which perception is not treated as a largely bottom-up process, but as an active, top-down guided process.
A social psychological examination of French and U.S. undergraduate psychology students’ perspectives on immigration, multiculturalism, and diversity
Authors: Atioky Arlette Ngoubene , Tisserant Pascal , Wagner-Guillermou  , Kulo Violet , Brown Brady , Hershberg Sydney
Published: April 2023

This study examines the applicability of the social psychological model of attitudes toward immigrants and the intergroup contact hypothesis on French (n = 163) and U.S. (n = 164) undergraduate psychology students. Participants completed a demographic data form, the Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS), the Multicultural Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ), a survey on their emotional reactions to foreigners, and a question on their thoughts about multiculturalism and diversity. French and U.S. participants held relatively similar values about immigration, had a solid semantic knowledge of multiculturalism and diversity, and expressed more positive feelings toward foreigners. Still, their emotional reactions to foreigners differed and their intercultural behavioral experiences were limited. Implications of the findings are offered.
Quantum Sequential Sampler: a dynamical model for human probability reasoning and judgments
Authors: Huang Jiaqi Adam , Busemeyer Jerome R , Ebelt Zo , Pothos Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Probability judgments appear to violate basic axioms of probability theory, which seems to contradict with the recent successes of Bayesian models of cognition. To explain these violations, we propose the Quantum Sequential Sampler model, which combines quantum probability for explaining conjunction and disjunction fallacies, and a sequential sampling model that maps subjective quantum probabilities into responses. Our model explains probability judgments by a dynamical process, and achieves state-of-the-art performance in the biggest dataset for probability judgments to-date. Comparing with existing Bayesian models, our model predicts both probability judgments and violations of probability identities better.
The Impact of Religious Affiliation on High-Frequency Meditation in U.S. Adults
Authors: Xue Crystal
Published: April 2023

High-frequency meditation (HFM), defined as meditating at least once per week, has been linked to positive health outcomes. Although previous studies found associations between meditation and different sociodemographic factors, very few examined the impact of religious affiliation on meditation. Using two large U.S. public survey datasets, this study examines the distribution of HFM across different religious affiliations and other sociodemographic factors. We find an unequal distribution of HFM; Protestants and Christians are more likely to practice HFM than other large religious groups. This work improves understanding of HFM’s distribution and provides information to use HFM to benefit general health.
Treaty Withdrawal and the Development of International Law
Authors: Schmidt Averell
Published: April 2023

I argue that treaty withdrawal has two opposing effects on the development of international law. First, it directly impacts the treaty where it occurs by pushing remaining members to adopt reforms to maintain cooperation. Second, it indirectly affects the development of other treaties by damaging diplomatic relations between the withdrawing state and other members, hindering negotiations in other areas of cooperation. Consequentially, treaty withdrawal has a mixed impact on the development of international law: it expedites the reform of one treaty while inhibiting reform elsewhere. I test this argument by applying a difference-in-differences design to an original panel of treaties built from the records of the United Nations. My findings reveal that while withdrawal increases the number of reforms in treaties where it occurs, it decreases reforms in similar treaties with comparable memberships. The indirect effect exceeds the direct effect in substantive terms: overall, treaty withdrawal impedes the creation of international laws.
Navigating Polycrisis: long-run socio-cultural factors shape response to changing climate
Authors: Hoyer Daniel , Bennett James S , Reddish Jenny , Holder Samantha , Howard Robert , Benam Majid , Levine Jill , Ludlow Francis , Feinman Gary , Turchin Peter
Published: April 2023

Climate variability and natural hazards like floods and earthquakes can act as environmental shocks or socioecological stressors leading to instability and suffering throughout human history. Yet, societies experience a wide range of outcomes when facing such challenges: some suffer from social unrest, civil violence, or complete collapse; others prove more resilient and maintain key social functions. We currently lack a clear, generally agreed-upon conceptual framework and evidentiary base to explore what causes these divergent outcomes. Here, we discuss efforts to develop such a framework through the Crisis Database (CrisisDB) programme. We illustrate that the impact of environmental stressors is mediated through extant cultural, political, and economic structures that evolve over extended timescales (decades to centuries). These structures can generate high resilience to major shocks, facilitate positive adaptation, or, alternatively, undermine collective action and lead to unrest, violence, and even societal collapse. By exposing the ways that different societies have reacted to crises over their lifetime, this framework can help identify the factors and complex social-ecological interactions that either bolster or undermine resilience to contemporary climate shocks.
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Philippine languages supports a rapid migration of Malayo-Polynesian languages.
Authors: King Benedict , Greenhill Simon J. , Reid Lawrence A , Ross Malcolm , Walworth Mary , Gray Russell
Published: April 2023

The Philippines are central to understanding the expansion of the Austronesian language family from its homeland in Taiwan. It remains unknown to what extent the distribution of Malayo-Polynesian languages has been shaped by back migrations and language leveling events following the initial Out-of-Taiwan expansion. Other aspects of language history, including the effect of language switching from non-Austronesian languages, also remain poorly understood. Here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic methods to a core-vocabulary dataset of Philippine languages. Our analysis strongly supports a sister group relationship between the Sangiric and Minahasan groups of Northern Sulawesi on one hand, and the rest of the Philippine languages on the other, which is incompatible with a simple North-to-South dispersal from Taiwan. We find a pervasive geographical signal in our results, suggesting a dominant role for cultural diffusion in the evolution of Philippine languages. However, we do find some support for a later migration of Gorontalo-Mongondow languages to Northern Sulawesi from the Philippines. Subsequent diffusion processes between languages in Sulawesi appear to have led to conflicting data and a highly unstable phylogenetic position for Gorontalo-Mongondow. In the Philippines, language switching to Austronesian in ‘Negrito’ groups appears to have occurred at different time-points throughout the Philippines, and based on our analysis, there is no discernible effect of language switching on the basic vocabulary.
The Restricted Modal Meinongian Multiverse Defended.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: April 2023

A Modal Meinongian Multiverse (MMM), it will be argued, is rationally defensible against all objections, provided that it excludes universes containing logically impossible objects. Such a Multiverse will then be identical to the Multiverse of all Logically Possible universes, or MLP, containing all logically possible worlds. Pace Lewis (1986), this Multiverse will be able to contain trans-world individuals, and overlap between worlds and universes will be possible. An example of overlap, and of a trans-world individual, will be God, who is essential in an MLP consistent with Berkeleyan modal metaphysics.
The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change and Post-War German Security Discourse
Authors: Stengel Frank A.
Published: April 2023

The Politics of Military Force examines the dynamics of discursive change that made participation in military operations possible against the background of German antimilitarist culture. Once considered a strict taboo, so-called out-of-area operations have now become widely considered by German policymakers to be without alternative. The book argues that an understanding of how certain policies are made possible (in this case, military operations abroad and force transformation), one needs to focus on processes of discursive change that result in different policy options appearing rational, appropriate, feasible, or even self-evident. Drawing on Essex School discourse theory, the book develops a theoretical framework to understand how discursive change works, and elaborates on how discursive change makes once unthinkable policy options not only acceptable but even without alternative. Based on a detailed discourse analysis of more than 25 years of German parliamentary debates, The Politics of Military Force provides an explanation for: (1) the emergence of a new hegemonic discourse in German security policy after the end of the Cold War (discursive change), (2) the rearticulation of German antimilitarism in the process (ideational change/norm erosion) and (3) the resulting making-possible of military operations and force transformation (policy change). In doing so, the book also demonstrates the added value of a poststructuralist approach compared to the naive realism and linear conceptions of norm change so prominent in the study of German foreign policy and International Relations more generally.
Family Affair? Long-term Economic and Mental Effects of Spousal Cancer
Authors: Böckerman Petri , Kortelainen Mika , Salokangas Henri , Vaalavuo Maria
Published: April 2023

Emerging strands of research have examined the family spillover effects of health shocks, usually focusing on labour market outcomes. However, the results have been inconclusive and there is only little evidence on the longer term consequences of health shocks or the mechanisms behind the spillover effects. We analyse the short-and long-term effects of cancer on the healthy spouse’s labour supply and mental health b ygender and relative income status within the couple (i.e., the breadwinner type). We use full population register data on all cancer patients and their cohabiting partners in Finland over the period 1995-2019. Our identification strategy is based on the quasi-random variation in the timing of the cancer diagnosis and adynamic difference-in differences approach. We find two main results. First, cancer increases female spouses’ employment. This result is consistent with the added worker effect, although we find the magnitude of the increase in annual earnings to be negligible. By contrast, among male spouses, earnings decrease as a consequence of a spouse’s cancer. Second, among women, there is heterogeneity in the effects in terms of the breadwinner status, which is especially notable in the long-term. The results show that the added worker effect is visible only among secondary earners and the effect seemsto hold only when the cancer patient dies. Secondary earner women also suffer more from psychiatric symptoms during bereavement. Consequently, we argue that the breadwinner status before the health shock is a neglected factor influencing the effects of health shocks in families, and that family-level specialisation between spouses alters substantially over time in response to a health shock.
Material Deprivation and the Brexit Referendum: A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of the Interplay between Individual and Regional Deprivation
Authors: Rüttenauer Tobias , Haußmann Charlotte
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the relationship between individual and regional deprivation and the decision to vote for Brexit in the 2016 referendum. Our analysis uses data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the English Index of Multiple Deprivation, and employs multilevel models to account for individual-level deprivation, neighbourhood deprivation, and larger-scale area deprivation. We further investigate the interplay between those scales. On average we find that individual, neighbourhood, and larger area deprivation are associated with a higher likelihood of voting for “Leave”. However, the impact of neighbourhood deprivation is heterogenous and depends on the broader spatial context: living in deprived neighbourhoods (and to a lesser extent also experiencing personal deprivation) has a greater impact on voting behaviour in more affluent regions. Conversely, the effect of individual and neighbourhood deprivation is close to zero and not statistically significant in more deprived areas of the country. These results indicate that social comparison processes of in- and out-groups operate within larger regional contexts. Our study thus emphasises the role of individual and regional deprivation but also their intersection in shaping political attitudes and outcomes.
Implementasi Bauran Pemasaran dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Keunggulan Bersaing pada Diuk Coffee and Eatery Purwakarta
Authors: Widiya Avianti  , Mela Tri Yusnita
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the marketing mix of Diuk Coffee and Eatery Purwakarta in an effort to increase competitive advantage. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, data collection techniques carried out using direct communication strategies, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The highest score of the SWOT matrix strategy combination score that was processed was in the Strenghts and Opportunities (SO) strategy with a total score of 4, this shows that Diuk Coffee and Eatery Purwakarta has considerable strength in developing businesses and has a competitive advantage with similar business actors in Purwakarta Regency. Therefore, the strategy (SO) carried out is to improve services to increase loyal customers, increase promotions by building online marketing applications and working with customers to provide offline testimonials (special boards for customer testimonials) and testimonials online, flexibility in physical supporting facilities by following trends in instagramable business places, and arranging café operational schedules for several events.
Pengungkapan Risiko Pada Perusahaan Milik Negara (State Owned Enterprise)
Authors: Priatnasari Yeni , Hetika Hetika , Widianto Andri
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

This study examines risk disclosure which is currently a fairly hot discussion among researchers. There are few studies have examined the relationship between mandatory disclosure and corporate voluntary disclosure. In this study, researchers will conduct a descriptive study of mandatory and voluntary disclosure conducted by BUMN in Indonesia. The result of the research shows that the level of mandatory disclosure that should be carried out by SOEs and the level of risk disclosure that is voluntary by BUMN It is hoped that from this research there will be a follow-up in the form of government policies to improve the level of disclosure of BUMN in Indonesia.

Kata kunci : State owned enterprises disclosure ; teori institusional; Risk management disclosure; manual content analysis
Pengaruh Likuiditas Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Struktur Modal (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2019)
Authors: Yordania Nggengo  , Khojana Hasan  , Hartini PP
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability on capital structure (studies on food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2016-2019). The population in this study were 28 companies using purposive sampling method in order to obtain a sample size of 11 companies. The type of research data is quantitative data and secondary data sources taken from www.idx.com with descriptive data analysis techniques, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the T test and F test using SPSS 23. The results show that the liquidity variable has a significant effect on capital structure, while the profitability variable does not have a significant effect on capital structure and simultaneously the liquidity and profitability variables have a significant effect on capital structure.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Belanja, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Ukuran Legislatif, dan Dana Perimbangan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Indrani Nuzul Fauziyah  , Diah Ekaningtias
Published: April 2023

Local government financial performance is the achievement of policies drawn up over a certain period, measured by the financial system in accordance with the law. The purpose of the study was to determine and understand the effect of spending growth, local revenue, legislative measures, and balancing funds on the financial performance of local governments in East Java Province as measured by the effectiveness and efficiency of revenue and expenditure budget absorption. The sample of this research is districts and cities in East Java Province during the 2015- 2019 period. Statistical analysis techniques are multiple linear regression and saturated sampling method. The results showed that the growth of spending, local revenue, legislative size, had no effect on the financial performance of local governments by measuring the effectiveness of the absorption of the revenue budget, while the balancing fund had an effect on the financial performance of local governments by measuring the effectiveness of the absorption of the revenue budget. The results of the research on spending growth affect the financial performance of local governments using efficient measurements, while local revenue, legislative measures, and balancing funds do not affect the financial performance of local governments using efficient measurements.
Persepsi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah, Pengetahuan Akuntansi, Literasi Keuangan dan Ekspektasi Usaha Terhadap Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi (Studi Kasus Pada UMKM di Ponorogo)
Authors: Nuzulul Rahmayanti  , Khusnatul Zulfa Wafirotin  , Iin Wijayanti
Published: April 2023

Keterbatasan dan kelemahan yang ada di UMKM menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan dan ketidakmampuan untuk menyediakan dan menggunakan informasi akuntansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah, pengetahuan akuntansi, literasi keuangan dan ekspektasi usaha terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. Jenis Penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mendeskripsikan data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari responden penelitian yaitu para pelaku usaha UMKM jenis industri di Kabupaten Ponorogo sebanyak 150 UMKM. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, (1) Persepsi pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. (2) Pengetahuan akuntansi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. (3) Literasi keuangan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. (4) Ekspektasi usaha berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. (5) Secara simultan variabel persepsi pelaku usaha mikro kecil menengah tentang akuntansi, pengetahuan akuntansi, literasi keuangan dan ekspektasi usaha berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi di Kabupaten Ponorogo.
Efektivitas Pemberian Kredit Guna Meminimalkan Kredit Bermasalah Bank Mandiri Cabang Malang
Authors: Anggraeni Purwatiningsih  , Adi Suprayitno
Published: April 2023

Pertumbuhan UMKM  yang melatarbelakagi penelitian ini. Dengan pertumbuhan UMKM, ada batasan modal kerja UMKM. Bank Mandiri merupakan salah satu lembaga milik negara yang menawarkan opsi pembiayaan modal kerja kepada UMKM. Bank Mandiri menerapkan prinsip 5C dalam penilaian kredit modal kerja UMKM (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, dan Economic Condition of the Economy). Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah efektivitas pemberian kedit guna meminimalkan kredit bermasalah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif deskriptif meliputi observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, evaluasi kredit memperhatikan prinsip 5C (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, dan Economic Condition of the Economy) gurun meminimalkan jumlah kredit bermasalah, Bank Mandiri Cabang Malang telah berhasil menerapkan strategi 5C dalam pemeringkatan kredit. Saran untuk Bank Mandiri Cabang Malang khususnya Bank Mandiri antara lain perlu diberikan pemahaman tentang 5C agar pemahaman penilaian kredit sejalan, perlu adanya sistem monitoring bulanan untuk memastikan penggunaan kredit modal kerja yang diberikan kepada debitur. sesuai dengan peruntukannya, serta pemberian program-program khusus untuk membantu usaha debitur dalam hal pemasaran dan pengelolaan sehingga terjamin kelancaran usahanya.
Food Insecurity During COVID-19: A Neglected Priority?
Authors: Haron Muhammad Zulfahmi , Abdul Jalil Rohana
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health and global problem threatening the food security and nutrition of millions of people. While considerable public health resources have focused on combating the COVID-19 pandemic, food and nutrition have received less attention. By 2030, Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to eradicate hunger and ensure that all people, especially the poor and vulnerable, have year-round access to safe, nutritious, and enough food. Regrettably, the world is falling short of its 2030 target of attaining Zero Hunger, mainly due to this pandemic. We reviewed the prevalence of food insecurity during COVID-19 ranging from 23% to 80% and its consequences including the measures presented in the previous studies to address the issue. Food insecurity has many negative consequences during COVID-19, including disruption of food chains, increased food prices, malnutrition and health consequences, growing social inequities, and bad economic outcomes. We highlighted the need for two main strategies: nutritionsensitive social protection, and food system reform and innovation to address this problem further to build a more robust and resilient food system for the sake of future generations.
Holistic Approach of Periodontitis Patient with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Ariffin Farha , Ali Sharul Nisha , Mat Azmi Intan Suhana Munira
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common risk factor for patients with periodontal disease. Periodontitis patients with poor glycaemic control present with severe and advanced periodontal tissue destruction. A multidisciplinary approach between the periodontist and medical practitioner is clinically proven to maintain the patient's periodontal health and general well-being. This case report aims to raise the awareness and provide a basic guideline for medical and dental practitioners in identifying and managing periodontitis patients with undiagnosed DM particularly if patient is presented with recurrent periodontal abscess. A 34-year-old Malay lady presented with recurrent periodontal abscess and diagnosed with Periodontitis Stage III Grade C was treated holistically by the periodontist and a medical practitioner. The patient's compliance towards the periodontal treatment, routine medical check-ups, and medications has helped the patient achieved better periodontal health and controlled glycaemic level. Following her sixth periodontal re-evaluation in two years improvement in oral hygiene, resolution of gingival swelling and bleeding were seen after sequences of non-surgical, surgical periodontal treatment and patient’s compliance towards her medications and follow-up.
Is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Effective for Borderline Personality Disorder : A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Autar Singh Gurpreet Kaur , Midin Marhani , Mohd Salleh Sahimi Hajar , Sarip Shalisah
Published: April 2023

Managing people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an arduous task due to the complexity of the condition. This paper describes the role of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in a patient diagnosed with BPD who has undergone a modified DBT skill group training. Despite receiving multiple interventions in the past, this patient had her bouts of struggles living with this illness which required a new approach to facilitate her recovery. A trial of a short-term, 12 session-ed treatment of mindfulness-based CBT was commenced. In this case report we describe the challenges and modifications which surpass during this session and literature review on the role of CBT on BPD.
Risk Perception Survey on Developing Diabetes Questionnaire: Translation and Validation of the Malay Version
Authors: Abu Bakar Fatin Aina , Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina , Mohd Hairon Suhaily , Mohd Yusoff Siti Suhaila
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: The Risk Perception Survey on Developing Diabetes questionnaire identifies how women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) perceived the risk of developing diabetes after their pregnancy has ended. The objective of this study was to translate and validate an English questionnaire into Malay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019 among 200 women with GDM who attended public health clinics in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The original author of the questionnaire granted us permission to use for this study. The translation of the questionnaire, content, and face validation was performed. It was followed by confirmatory factor analysis using R version 3.5.3 and item analysis for the knowledge domain. The composite reliability and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach alpha were also computed. RESULTS: The Malay version consists of 20 items in five domains; personal control (2 items), optimistic bias (2 items), knowledge of diabetes risk factors (11 items), benefits and barriers of preventive behaviour (3 items), and risk perception (2 items). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of the model. The goodness-of-fit values were adequate [comparative fit index=0.994, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.990, standardized root mean square residual=0.038, root mean square of approximation=0.021 (90% CI: 0.000,0.064)]. The four domains had composite reliability values between 0.60 and 0.88. The Cronbach alpha value for knowledge of diabetes risk factors domain was 0.843. CONCLUSION: The translated Malay questionnaire is valid and reliable to assess the perception of women with GDM towards their future risk of getting diabetes.
Evaluation of Learning Approaches among First-Year Medical and Dental Students of a Private University, in Malaysia
Authors: George Sherly Deborah , Maung Maung Theingi , Narayanam Harini , Latt Swe Swe
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Every learner has a way of interacting with the knowledge they have acquired, and this interaction is called a learning approach. Knowing the student's favorite learning methods will facilitate them with directions tailored to their unique needs. This study aims to measure the differences in learning approaches among first-year medical and dental students of a private university, in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-month analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken among the interested students. The self-administered, validated ASSIST questionnaire was used to measure students’ preferred learning approaches. The Pearson correlation and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data with SPSS software. The p-value was set at less than 0.05 to indsicate a significant level. RESULTS: A total of 225 students participated, out of which 150 (66.7%) respondents were medical students, and 75 (33.3%) were dental students. Medical students reported a favoured considerably deep learning approach over dental students (t=2.874, p=0.004), and preferred the strategic approach to learning (t=2.051, p=0.041). There was a weak and no significant correlation between the concept of learning (learning as reproducing knowledge [RK] p=0.377, learning involving personal understanding [PU] p=0.269), self-rating (p=0.824), and the surface learning approach. Both medical and dental students have no significant difference in surface learning approach with t =0.556 and p=0.579. CONCLUSION: Medical students favoured deep and strategic learning over dental students. While there was no significant difference in the surface learning approach, the deep and strategic learning approaches were substantially connected with the notion of learning, types of courses/teaching, and self-rating. The knowledge of learning approaches will assist educators in making efforts to address students through successful teaching strategies. Once teachers understand the need to accommodate individual strengths and needs, they will devise appropriate new teaching methods.
Effectiveness of a Dietitian-led Healthy Lifestyle Education Package in Improving Health Behaviours of Stroke Survivors in Malaysia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wong Hui Jie , Harith Sakinah , Lua Pei Lin , Ibrahim Khairul Azmi
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Despite a higher risk of a recurrent cerebrovascular event, many stroke survivors failed to achieve their targeted treatment goals. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a dietitian-led healthy lifestyle educational package targeted at improving stroke risk factors and lifestyle practices among stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental pilot study was undertaken in general medical wards of two public hospitals in Malaysia. Patients were allocated into either intervention or control groups based on the week of screening. Adults aged more than 18 years old, with first-ever stroke, and the willingness of caregivers to participate were included. The intervention group (patient-caregiver dyad) received three dietitian-led healthy lifestyle education sessions underpinned with Health Belief Model and Reflection and Refractive theories and was followed up for three months. The control group received the usual stroke care. Outcome variables included blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, dietary intake, physical activity levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, malnutrition risk, and health-related quality of life. McNemar, Chi-square, and repeated measures Analysis of Covariance tests were conducted to examine the within - and between-group differences. RESULTS: A total of 54 participants (27 in each group) were included in this study. The intervention group had a significantly lower intake of sugar (P=0.002, effect size=0.50) and sodium (P=0.044, effect size=0.31), a lower proportion of active smokers (7% versus 33%, P=0.039), lesser sitting time (P=0.012, effect size=0.37), and lower proportion having pain/discomfort issues (22% versus 63%, P=0.005) than the control group. CONCLUSION: Early dietitian-led lifestyle modification sessions underpinned with behavioural change theories paired with the involvement of family members appear to be beneficial among stroke survivors.
Effects of Combined L-Carnitine Supplementation and Moderate-Intensity Exercises on Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmad Nur Syamsina , Samsudin Norsuriani , Ooi Foong Kiew , Abdul Kadir Azidah , Kassim Nur Karyatee
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has been associated to persistent oxidative stress and inflammation that could lead to chronic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty[1]eight overweight and obese participants aged 29.03 ± 6.02 years old were randomly assigned, with 17 participants per group, into sedentary control (C), L-carnitine supplement alone (S), exercise alone (E), and combined L-carnitine supplementation and exercise (SE) groups. The participants in S and SE groups took one tablet of 1000 mg of L-carnitine every day. The E and SE groups performed brisk walking exercise for 30 minutes at 50% HRmax followed by Tabata exercise for 10 to 20 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week. During pre- and post-tests, blood markers of participants were assessed to determine their reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. All the observed parameters were analysed using two-way mixed ANOVA for repeated measures to determine significant differences within and between the groups and comparisons of mean differences were performed using one way ANOVA. RESULTS: Results showed that there were significant decreases in ROS and MDA in the S, E, and SE groups at post-test after 12 weeks of intervention. The greatest reduction of these parameters were observed in SE group among all groups. At the post-test, both CAT and SOD levels increased in the S, E, and SE groups. Regarding IL-6, it was found to be increased in C and E groups. In contrast, there were significant decreases in S and SE groups following the intervention. CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of L-carnitine supplementation and engagement in brisk walking and Tabata exercise had significant improvement on oxidative stress, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses in overweight and obese individuals.
Effects of Stromal Vascular Fraction and Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment on Capillary Histopathology During Anal Trauma Healing in Rats: An in Vivo Study
Authors: - Darwin , - Sulmiati , - Ahmadwirawan , Zainuddin Andi Alfian , Josh Fonny , Laidding Sachraswaty Rachman , Mariana Nita , Faruk Muhammad
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Anal traumas, such as blunt and penetrating injuries to the perineum, can disrupt the anal sphincter and cause considerable morbidity. Non-invasive anal trauma therapies have been widely developed, including growth factors administered as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stromal vascular fraction (SVFs) containing adipose[1]derived stem cells (ASCs) and limited growth factor. This study aimed to assess PRP and SVF effects on capillary histopathology in the anal trauma Wistar rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study used a rat model. Rats were divided into three groups: Group A (n=12) was treated with PRP and SVFs; Group B (n=12) was treated with normal saline (placebo); Group C (n=4) was sacrificed on day 0 to obtain baseline capillary counts. Groups A and B were further divided into three subgroups, sacrificed on days 1, 7, and 14 post-treatment. RESULTS: Capillary counts significantly showed higher density between Groups A and B (p=0.037, analysis of variance). On day 7, there was a significant difference between Groups A and B (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Mean capillary density significantly improved in anal trauma treated with a combination of PRP and SVFs compared to control. Our findings support the use of PRP and SVFs to aid recovery of patients with anal trauma.