bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green ternary composite of graphitic carbon nitride/TiO2/ polyorthoanisidine for the enhanced photocatalytic treatment of Direct Red 28 for industrial water treatment solutions
Authors: Alkorbi Ali S. , Gill Nouman , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Saif Muhammad Jawwad , Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Khaliq Zubair , Faisal Mohd , Jalalah Mohammed , Harraz Farid A.
Published: September 2024

Industrial dye effluent causes significant risks to the environment. The present study was focused on photocatalytic degradation of the dye Direct Red 28 using a ternary composite of graphitic carbon nitride, TiO2, and polyorthoanisidine (g-C3N4/TiO2/POA), prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization o-anisidine. The synthesized composite g-C3N4/TiO2/POA properties were characterized using different analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the prominent pattern of TiO2 and g-C3N4 in the composite peak at 2θ° while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results provided the confirmation peaks for g-C3N4/TiO2/POA and POA at 1,110 cm−1 and 1,084 cm−1 for C-O-C ether. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an increase in the average size of the composite up to 428 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum provided the weight percentages of the C, O, and Ti in the composite were 8.5%, 45.69%, and 45.81%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red 28 dye under UV irradiation using a composite showed that 86% Direct Red 28 dye was degraded by a 30 mg/L dose of g-C3N4/TiO2/POA in 240 min at pH 2. After four consecutive cycles, the utilized composite showed 79% degradation of Direct Red 28, demonstrating the stability and effectiveness of the g-C3N4/TiO2/POA photocatalyst. The high reusability and efficiency of the g-C3N4/TiO2/POA composite are due to increased light absorption range and reduced e−/h+ recombination rate in the presence of g-C3N4 and POA.
Engagement challenges in digital mental health programs: hybrid approaches and user retention of an online self-knowledge journey in Brazil
Authors: Moretti Felipe , Bortolini Tiago , Hartle Larissa , Moll Jorge , Mattos Paulo , Furtado Daniel R. , Fontenelle Leonardo , Fischer Ronald
Published: September 2024

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have surged in popularity over the last few years. However, adherence to self-guided interventions remains a major hurdle to overcome. The current study utilized a phased implementation design, incorporating diverse samples and contexts to delve into the engagement challenges faced by a recently launched online mental health platform in Brazil with self-evaluation forms. Employing an iterative mixed-methods approach, including focus groups, online surveys, and think-aloud protocols, the research aims to evaluate user satisfaction, identify barriers to adherence, and explore potential hybrid solutions. Engagement in the platform was evaluated by descriptive statistics of the number of instruments completed, and qualitative interviews that were interpreted thematically. In the fully self-guided mode, 2,145 individuals registered, but a substantial majority (88.9%) engaged with the platform for only 1 day, and merely 3.3% completed all activities. In another sample of 50 participants were given a choice between online-only or a hybrid experience with face-to-face meetings. 40% of individuals from the hybrid group completed all activities, compared to 8% in the online-only format. Time constraints emerged as a significant barrier to engagement, with suggested improvements including app development, periodic reminders, and meetings with healthcare professionals. While the study identified weaknesses in the number and length of instruments, personalized results stood out as a major strength. Overall, the findings indicate high satisfaction with the mental health platform but underscore the need for improvements, emphasizing the promise of personalized mental health information and acknowledging persistent barriers in a digital-only setting.
Familial partial lipodystrophy resulting from loss-of-function PPARγ pathogenic variants: phenotypic, clinical, and genetic features
Authors: Soares Reivla Marques Vasconcelos , da Silva Monique Alvares , Campos Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo , Lima Josivan Gomes
Published: September 2024

The PPARG gene encodes a member of a nuclear receptor superfamily known as peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ plays an essential role in adipogenesis, stimulating the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Loss-of-function pathogenic variants in PPARG reduce the activity of the PPARγ receptor and can lead to severe metabolic consequences associated with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3). This review focuses on recent scientific data related to FPLD3, including the role of PPARγ in adipose tissue metabolism and the phenotypic and clinical consequences of loss-of-function variants in the PPARG gene. The clinical features of 41 PPARG pathogenic variants associated with FPLD3 patients were reviewed, highlighting the genetic and clinical heterogeneity observed among 91 patients. Most of them were female, and the average age at the onset and diagnosis of lipoatrophy was 21 years and 33 years, respectively. Considering the metabolic profile, hypertriglyceridemia (91.9% of cases), diabetes (77%), hypertension (59.5%), polycystic ovary syndrome (58.2% of women), and metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (87,5%). We also discuss the current treatment for FPLD3. This review provides new data concerning the genetic and clinical heterogeneity in FPLD3 and highlights the importance of further understanding the genetics of this rare disease.
Personality and COMT gene: molecular-genetic and epigenetic associations with NEO-PI-R personality domains and facets in monozygotic twins
Authors: Mitrović Dušanka , Smederevac Snežana , Delgado-Cruzata Lissette , Sadiković Selka , Pajić Dejan , Prinz Mechthild , Budimlija Zoran , Oljača Milan , Kušić-Tišma Jelena , Vučinić Nataša , Milutinović Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Background

This study investigates the relationship between MB-COMT DNA methylation (DNAm) and the personality traits outlined in the NEO-PI-R model through an epigenetic study of monozygotic twins. DNAm, a critical epigenetic mechanism, regulates gene expression and has been linked to various biological processes and disorders. By leveraging the genetic similarities of monozygotic twins, this research explores how epigenetic variations influenced by environmental factors correlate with personality differences.

Methods

The study utilized the Five-Factor Model (FFM) to categorize personality traits into five domains: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience. Each domain comprises six facets, providing a granular view of personality. The research centered on the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, focusing on its role in dopamine metabolism, which is hypothesized to influence personality traits through the dopaminergic system. DNAm status in the MB-COMT promoter region was examined to determine its association with personality facets.

Results

Preliminary findings suggest a complex interaction between MB-COMT DNAm patterns and personality traits. Specific methylation patterns at different CpG sites were linked to varying expressions of traits such as impulsivity and aggression, highlighting the nuanced impact of epigenetics on personality.

Conclusion

This study underscores the potential of integrating genetic, epigenetic, and environmental data to enhance our understanding of personality formation. The results contribute to a broader understanding of how genetic predispositions shaped by environmental factors manifest in complex trait differences, paving the way for future research in genetic psychiatry and personalized medicine.
Automated manufacturing and characterization of clinical grade autologous CD20 CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with stage III/IV melanoma
Authors: Aleksandrova Krasimira , Leise Jana , Priesner Christoph , Aktas Murat , Apel Michael , Assenmacher Mario , Bürger Iris , Richter Anne , Altefrohne Pia , Schubert Christine , Holzinger Astrid , Barden Markus , Bezler Valerie , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Borchmann Peter , Goudeva Lilia , Glienke Wolfgang , Arseniev Lubomir , Esser Ruth , Abken Hinrich , Koehl Ulrike
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Point-of-care (POC) manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell has expanded rapidly over the last decade. In addition to the use of CD19 CAR T cells for hematological diseases, there is a growing interest in targeting a variety of tumor-associated epitopes.

Methods

Here, we report the manufacturing and characterization of autologous anti-CD20 CAR T cells from melanoma patients within phase I clinical trial (NCT03893019). Using a second-generation lentiviral vector for the production of the CD20 CAR T cells on the CliniMACS Prodigy®.

Results

We demonstrated consistency in cell composition and functionality of the products manufactured at two different production sites. The T cell purity was >98.5%, a CD4/CD8 ratio between 2.5 and 5.5 and transduction rate between 34% and 61% on day 12 (harvest). Median expansion rate was 53-fold (range, 42–65-fold) with 1.7-3.8×109 CAR T cells at harvest, a sufficient number for the planned dose escalation steps (1×105/kg, 1×106/kg, 1×107/kg BW). Complementary research of some of the products pointed out that the CAR+ cells expressed mainly central memory T-cell phenotype. All tested CAR T cell products were capable to translate into T cell activation upon engagement of CAR target cells, indicated by the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release and by the increase in CAR T cell amplification. Notably, there were some interindividual, cell-intrinsic differences at the level of cytokine release and amplification. CAR-mediated T cell activation depended on the level of CAR cognate antigen.

Discussion

In conclusion, the CliniMACS Prodigy® platform is well suited for decentralized POC manufacturing of anti-CD20 CAR T cells and may be likewise applicable for the rapid and automated manufacturing of CAR T cells directed against other targets.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03893019?cond=Melanoma&term=NCT03893019&rank=1, identifier NCT03893019.
Updates on the controversial roles of regulatory lymphoid cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Curioni Anna V. , Borie Raphaël , Crestani Bruno , Helou Doumet Georges
Published: September 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and severe form of pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by scar formation in the lung interstitium. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is known as a key mediator in the fibrotic process, acting on fibroblasts and mediating their proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. Although the immune system is not considered responsible for the initiation of IPF, markers of tolerogenic immunity define the pro-fibrotic microenvironment in the lungs. In homeostatic conditions, regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute the main lymphoid population responsible for maintaining peripheral tolerance. Similar to Tregs, regulatory B cells (Bregs) represent a recently described subset of B lymphocytes with immunosuppressive functions. In the context of IPF, numerous studies have suggested a role for Tregs in enhancing fibrosis, mainly via the secretion of TGF-β. In humans, most studies show increased percentages of Tregs associated with the severity of IPF, although their exact role remains unclear. In mice, the most commonly used model involves triggering acute lung inflammation with bleomycin, leading to a subsequent fibrotic process. Consequently, data are still conflicting, as Tregs may play a protective role during the inflammatory phase and a deleterious role during the fibrotic phase. Bregs have been less studied in the context of IPF, but their role appears to be protective in experimental models of lung fibrosis. This review presents the latest updates on studies exploring the implication of regulatory lymphoid cells in IPF and compares the different approaches to better understand the origins of conflicting findings.
Autogenous shrinkage prediction models and microstructure of UHPC with single or binary addition of an expansive agent and steel fibers
Authors: Weng JiaRui , Liao WenCheng
Published: September 2024

The low water/binder ratio of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) often results in its high autogenous shrinkage. Our study explored the effect of the single or binary addition of a CaO-based expansive agent (CEA) and steel fibers on flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, microstructure, and autogenous shrinkage of UHPC. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were applied to reveal the effects of CEA and steel fibers on hydration products and microstructure characteristics of UHPC. Experimental results show that the autogenous shrinkage of UHPC decreased markedly with the single or binary addition of CEA and steel fibers. Relative to the control group, autogenous shrinkage of UHPC with 2.5% dosage of single steel fibers, 6% dosage of single CEA, and binary addition of 2.5% steel fibers and 6% CEA decreased 17.8%, 10.9%, and 30.8% at 180 days, respectively. Steel fibers could enhance the mechanical performance of UHPC; nevertheless, they would decrease the flowability of UHPC. Meanwhile, the addition of CEA in the UHPC mixture not only maintained the mechanical properties and flowability but also decreased the autogenous shrinkage. Diffraction peak intensity and endothermic peak of Ca(OH)2 and the pore volume of 10–50 nm diminished with the content of CEA; however, that of C-S-H gel and ettringite increased. The prediction accuracy of nine shrinkage models (FHWA model, Lee model, Yoo model, JSCE model, B4 model, JonassonH model, Eurocode 2 model, CEB model, and DilgerW model) is analyzed with RE, Rnew2, and autogenous shrinkage of UHPC in this paper.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel mutation in Annexin A4 that is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Ye Qian , Liu Fa-Ying , Xia Xiao-Jian , Chen Xiao-Yong , Zou Li , Wu Hui-Min , Li Dan-Dan , Xia Chen-Nian , Huang Ting , Cui Ying , Zou Yang
Published: September 2024

Background

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a multifactorial disease, the exact causes of which are still unknown. Environmental, maternal, and genetic factors have been shown to contribute to this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mutations in the ANXA4 gene in patients with RSA.

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from 325 patients with RSA and 941 control women with a normal reproductive history for whole-exome sequencing (WES). The detected variants were annotated and filtered, and the pathogenicity of the variants was predicted through the SIFT online tool, functional enrichment analyses, Sanger sequencing validation, prediction of changes in protein structure, and evolutionary conservation analysis. Furthermore, plasmid construction, Western blotting, RT–qPCR, and cell migration, invasion and adhesion assays were used to detect the effects of ANXA4 mutations on protein function.

Results

An ANXA4 mutation (p.G8D) in 1 of the 325 samples from patients with RSA (RSA-219) was identified through WES. This mutation was not detected in 941 controls or included in public databases. Evolutionary conservation analysis revealed that the amino acid residue affected by the mutation (p.G8D) was highly conserved among 13 vertebrate species, and the SIFT program and structural modeling analysis predicted that this mutation was harmful. Furthermore, functional assays revealed that this mutation could inhibit cell migration, invasion and adhesion.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that an unreported novel ANXA4 mutation (p.G8D) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RSA and may contribute to the genetic diagnosis of RSA.
Structural and biochemical insights of xylose MFS and SWEET transporters in microbial cell factories: challenges to lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation
Authors: Taveira Iasmin Cartaxo , Carraro Cláudia Batista , Nogueira Karoline Maria Vieira , Pereira Lucas Matheus Soares , Bueno João Gabriel Ribeiro , Fiamenghi Mateus Bernabe , dos Santos Leandro Vieira , Silva Roberto N.
Published: September 2024

The production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires the efficient conversion of glucose and xylose to ethanol, a process that depends on the ability of microorganisms to internalize these sugars. Although glucose transporters exist in several species, xylose transporters are less common. Several types of transporters have been identified in diverse microorganisms, including members of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) families. Considering that Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks an effective xylose transport system, engineered yeast strains capable of efficiently consuming this sugar are critical for obtaining high ethanol yields. This article reviews the structure–function relationship of sugar transporters from the MFS and SWEET families. It provides information on several tools and approaches used to identify and characterize them to optimize xylose consumption and, consequently, second-generation ethanol production.
Cryptophytes as potential source of natural antimicrobials for food preservation
Authors: Abidizadegan Maryam , Peltomaa Elina , Ilina Polina , Tammela Päivi , Blomster Jaanika
Published: September 2024

Cryptophytes are a promising source of bioactive compounds that have not been fully explored. This research investigated the antimicrobial activity of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from several cryptophytes against a range of harmful foodborne bacteria and fungi. To measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value, the broth microdilution method was used. In the antibacterial evaluation of TPC, the MIC ranged between 31.25 and 500 μg/mL, while for the antifungal activity test, it varied from 31.25 to 125 μg/mL. In the antibacterial activity test of EPS, the MIC values ranged from 125 to 1,000 μg/mL, whereas in the antifungal susceptibility test, it ranged between 62.5 and 1,000 μg/mL. The most resistant pathogen against TPC was Escherichia coli, while Campylobacter jejuni was the most susceptible. In the case of EPS, the most resistant pathogen was Salmonella Typhimurium, while Aspergillus versicolor exhibited the highest susceptibility. Overall, in terms of antimicrobial activity, TPC was more effective than EPS. Finally, the tolerance level (TL) for TPC and EPS was ≤4 in all tested samples, indicating their bactericidal/fungicidal mechanism of action. In conclusion, TPC and EPS isolated from cryptophytes demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial properties and ability to fully eradicate pathogens, and could be considered as natural preservatives in the food industry.
HPLC for at-line reaction monitoring and purification improves yield and purity of tRNA
Authors: Megušar Polona , Calder Ewen D. D. , Vodopivec Seravalli Tina , Lebar Sergeja , Walport Louise J. , Sekirnik Rok
Published: September 2024

Engineered transfer RNA is an emerging therapeutic modality, particularly suited to treatment of diseases caused by genetic disorders based on premature termination codons, frameshifts, or missense mutations. It is also extensively used in reprogramming of in vitro translation systems to generate non-canonical amino acid-containing proteins and peptides, such as in mRNA display. Due to its length, chemical synthesis of tRNA is challenging and production of engineered tRNA at scale is currently limited to in vitro transcription from a DNA template. Previously, the highest reported in vitro transcription yield was 2.5 g/L, significantly below the industry standard for mRNA production of 7–10 g/L. To improve this process, we implemented monitoring of nucleoside triphosphate consumption and tRNA production during in vitro transcription, using at-line high-performance liquid chromatography, with a monolithic solid phase. This allowed for optimization of nucleoside triphosphate concentration, reduction of the in vitro transcription time to <4 h, and improvement of yield up to 4.7 g/L. A step-elution purification on a DEAE chromatographic monolith with >90% step yield was then developed. These improvements in the production and purification of tRNA represent an important step in facilitating production of tRNA for research purposes, and provide a method for purification of therapeutic tRNAs that is scalable and compatible with Good Manufacturing Practice requirements for clinical production.
Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: de la Monte Suzanne M. , Tong Ming
Published: September 2024

Background

Beyond the signature amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been shown to exhibit dysregulated metabolic signaling through insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) networks that crosstalk with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Its broad impact on brain structure and function suggests that mTOR is likely an important therapeutic target for AD.

Objective

This study characterizes temporal lobe (TL) mTOR signaling abnormalities in a rat model of sporadic AD neurodegeneration.

Methods

Long Evans rats were given intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (ic-STZ) or saline (control), and 4 weeks later, they were administered neurobehavioral tests followed by terminal harvesting of the TLs for histopathological study and measurement of AD biomarkers, neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress markers, and total and phosphorylated insulin/IGF-1-Akt-mTOR pathway signaling molecules.

Results

Rats treated with ic-STZ exhibited significantly impaired performance on Rotarod (RR) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests, brain atrophy, TL and hippocampal neuronal and white matter degeneration, and elevated TL pTau, AβPP, Aβ, AChE, 4-HNE, and GAPDH and reduced ubiquitin, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ immunoreactivities. In addition, ic-STZ reduced TLpY1135/1136-IGF-1R, Akt, PTEN,pS380-PTEN,pS2448-mTOR, p70S6K,pT412-p70S6K, p/T-pT412-p70S6K, p/T-Rictor, and p/T-Raptor.

Conclusion

Experimental ic-STZ-induced sporadic AD-type neurodegeneration with neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with inhibition of mTOR signaling networks linked to energy metabolism, plasticity, and white matter integrity.
Puberty interacts with sleep and brain network organization to predict mental health
Authors: Mitchell Mackenzie E. , Nugiel Tehila
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Along with pubertal development, the transition to adolescence brings about increased risk for sleep disturbances and mental health problems. Functional connectivity of overlapping large-scale brain networks, such as increased connectivity between the default mode and dorsal attention networks, has been reported to relate to both sleep and mental health problems. Clarifying whether pubertal development interacts with sleep disturbances and functional brain networks to predict mental health may provide information to improve the timing and design of interventions targeting sleep disturbances in adolescents.

Methods

To examine how pubertal status and tempo relate to sleep disturbances and shape the relationship between sleep disturbances and mental health problems, we harnessed a large sample of children aged 10–14 years from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N ~ 3,000–10,000). We used graph theoretical tools to probe how pubertal development concurrently interacts with sleep disturbances and brain network organization to predict mental health problems.

Results

We found that advanced pubertal status, but not pubertal tempo, predicted sleep disturbances; however, both pubertal status and tempo interact with sleep disturbances to predict mental health problems and engage in three-way interactions with sleep and brain network organization to predict mental health problems.

Discussion

Overall, this work suggests that less advanced pubertal status and slower tempo are risk factors for the strongest links between sleep disturbances, brain organization, and mental health problems. Further, our findings speak to the importance of accounting for interactions in the constellation of factors that surround complex behavioral and clinical syndromes, here internalizing and externalizing disorders, and provide new context to consider for targeted interventions.
Intact high-level visual functions in congenital rod-monochromacy
Authors: Shabat Sheer , McKyton Ayelet , Elul Deena , Marks Ohana Devora , Nahmany Einav , Banin Eyal , Levin Netta
Published: September 2024

High-level visual functions such as reading and face recognition rely on global processes, which are often insensitive to high spatial frequencies. However, it is unknown whether a sharp cone signal is necessary for the development of these skills or whether a blurry rod signal is sufficient. CNGA3/B3-achromatopsia is a congenital disease stemming from cone dysfunction, leading to rod-only vision characterized by nystagmus, impaired acuity, and complete color blindness. We tested reading and face recognition in CNGA3/B3-achromatopsia patients (ACHM) to determine whether a rod signal is sufficient for these skills to develop. We tested 10 ACHM and 10 controls in three experiments under dark and light conditions. Initially, we evaluated acuity along the eccentricity axis. Later, we tested reading speed and upright/inverted face matching accuracy while tracking participants’ eye movements. Given that ACHM patients’ acuity under light conditions resembled that of controls under dark conditions, we selected these conditions for comparison. Remarkably, ACHM reading speed, face recognition abilities, and susceptibility to face inversion were not inferior to those of controls. Additionally, ACHM patients exhibited similar eye movements to controls, focusing their attention on specific areas of words and faces that indicate expertise. Despite the evident low-level limitations, ACHM patients demonstrated notable high-level visual skills, suggesting that rod-only vision is sufficient for the development of proficient reading and face recognition. These findings not only corroborate empirical evidence for high-level vision models but also enrich the discussion regarding the reasons for high-level deficits observed in individuals who have gained sight late in life.
Exploring neural oscillations during speech perception via surrogate gradient spiking neural networks
Authors: Bittar Alexandre , Garner Philip N.
Published: September 2024

Understanding cognitive processes in the brain demands sophisticated models capable of replicating neural dynamics at large scales. We present a physiologically inspired speech recognition architecture, compatible and scalable with deep learning frameworks, and demonstrate that end-to-end gradient descent training leads to the emergence of neural oscillations in the central spiking neural network. Significant cross-frequency couplings, indicative of these oscillations, are measured within and across network layers during speech processing, whereas no such interactions are observed when handling background noise inputs. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial inhibitory role of feedback mechanisms, such as spike frequency adaptation and recurrent connections, in regulating and synchronizing neural activity to improve recognition performance. Overall, on top of developing our understanding of synchronization phenomena notably observed in the human auditory pathway, our architecture exhibits dynamic and efficient information processing, with relevance to neuromorphic technology.
Dietary patterns, genetic predisposition, and risk of cholelithiasis: a large-scale prospective cohort study
Authors: Jin Kecheng , Mi Ningning , He Wangping , Zhong Ruyang , Jin Boru , Liu Zhen , Dong Chunlu , Lin Yanyan , Yue Ping , Xia Bin , He Qiangsheng , Yuan Jinqiu , Meng Wenbo
Published: September 2024

Background

Limited epidemiological evidence exists concerning the impact of healthy dietary patterns on reducing the risk of cholelithiasis. We aimed to examine the association of seven established dietary patterns with subsequent cholelithiasis risk and whether this association was modified by genetic risk.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank, including 155,323 participants initially free of cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy. Dietary patterns were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (Oxford WebQ), covering Mediterranean Diet Score (MED), alternate Mediterranean Diet Score(aMED), overall Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), unhealthy Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI), Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) and EAT-lancet Score. Genetic risk was quantified and stratified by a polygenic risk score (PRS) incorporating 13 known cholelithiasis-associated loci. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to estimate the association between dietary patterns, PRS, and cholelithiasis incidence, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 5,056 cases of cholelithiasis were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to aMED and HEI-2015 dietary patterns reduced cholelithiasis risk by 10% (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.83–0.98) and 11% (HR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.82–0.96), respectively. A significant decrease in cholelithiasis risk was observed across PRS quintiles, low PRS was associated with a 16% reduced risk (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.77–0.92). Participants with both high dietary scores and low genetic risk had the lowest cholelithiasis risk, with an HR of 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64–0.91) for aMED and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.61–0.88) for HEI-2015.

Conclusion

Higher adherence to aMED and HEI-2015 might significantly decrease the risk of cholelithiasis, irrespective of genetic risk. Our results highlighted the potential of diet intervention for cholelithiasis prevention in the general population.
On the significance of the different geometrical and dosimetric parameters in microbeam and minibeam radiation therapy a retrospective evaluation
Authors: McGarrigle Josie May , Long Kenneth Richard , Prezado Yolanda
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) is an unconventional therapeutic approach with the potential to disrupt the classical paradigms of conventional radiation therapy. The high spatial dose modulation in SFRT is believed to activate distinct radiobiological mechanisms which lead to remarkable increases in normal tissue tolerance. To make optimal use of SFRT and its benefits, a deeper understanding of the biological response and its relationship with the complex dosimetric and geometric components of SFRT is essential.

Method

A retrospective evaluation of preclinical studies was conducted to gain insight into the dosimetric and geometric parameters that are most correlated with normal tissue response. Current literature evaluates the response of tissue to MBRT and MRT according to various end points, e.g. the level of desquamation, degree of necrosis, or the amount of malcalcification. A set of metrics was developed to allow a quantitative comparison of these results.

Results

The strongest correlations were observed with the doses in both the peaks and valleys as well as the ratio of the area covered by the peak over the total area. This emphasises the geometry of the beam. MBRT challenged previous uniform dose-distribution paradigms by highlighting the critical role of Peak Dose alongside Valley Dose in tissue sparing whereas MRT underscores the significant influence of geometric beam parameters on tissue preservation.

Discussion

The data exhibits variability in the results obtained using different animal models and endpoints and additional research is warranted to explore the trends observed in this study under controlled conditions.
Diversified applications of hepatocellular carcinoma medications: molecular-targeted, immunotherapeutic, and combined approaches
Authors: Chen Haoyang , Liu Huihui , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Suhua , Liu Chunxia , An Ke , Liu Ruijuan , Tian Xin
Published: September 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the primary forms of liver cancer and is currently the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. In addition to surgical interventions, effective drug treatment is essential for treating HCC. With an increasing number of therapeutic drugs for liver cancer undergoing clinical studies, the therapeutic strategies for advanced HCC are more diverse than ever, leading to improved prospects for HCC patients. Molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapies have become crucial treatment options for HCC. Treatment programs include single-agent molecular-targeted drugs, immunotherapies, combinations of immunotherapies with molecular-targeted drugs, and dual immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, further exploration is necessary to determine the optimal pharmacological treatment regimens, and the development of new effective drugs is urgently needed. This review provides an overview of the current globally approved drugs for liver cancer, as well as the latest advances in ongoing clinical research and drug therapies. Additionally, the review offers an outlook and discussion on the prospects for the development of drug therapy approaches for HCC.
Global trends and topics in CDK7 inhibitor research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Jiamin , He Ling , Jiang Wenjing , Xie Ping
Published: September 2024

Background

CDK7 has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of malignancy. Therefore, targeting CDK7, which regulates the transcription process, has emerged as a new promising approach for treating cancer. Research on CDK7 inhibitors has significantly increased over the past 2 decades, with almost 600 related papers in the Web of Science Core Collection database. To effectively identify future research hotspots and potential future directions, it is crucial to systematically review and visually present the research on this topic from a comprehensive viewpoint, ensuring scientific reliability.

Methods

This study performed bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace and VOSviewer scientometrics analysis software to examine data on the publication of articles on CDK7 inhibitors over the past 2 decades; the data included country of publication, author names, institution names, scientific categories, cited journals, and keywords related to the field of CDK7 inhibitors.

Results

This bibliometric analysis included 426 publications from 41 different nations, referencing a total of 15,892 sources. Research associated with CDK7 inhibitors has rapidly expanded since 2016, and the US and China are the two countries with the highest publication output among the countries and institutes that produce literature on CDK7 inhibitors. Furthermore, the US is the country that most frequently engages in international cooperation. The evolution of keywords identifying antitumor strategies related to CDK7-mediated cellular transcription processes has been the research focus in recent years.

Conclusion

In this study, we identified research efforts and their evolving patterns and predicted advances in the CDK7 inhibitor field. The knowledge structure of CDK7 inhibitors encompasses pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and cancer treatment strategies. The primary objectives of contemporary research are to discover the processes underlying cancer progression, identify specific signaling pathways, and develop effective clinical medicines.
H3K4me3 changes occur in cell wall genes during the development of Fagopyrum tataricum morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli
Authors: Tomasiak Alicja , Piński Artur , Milewska-Hendel Anna , Andreu Godall Ignasi , Borowska-Żuchowska Natalia , Morończyk Joanna , Moreno-Romero Jordi , Betekhtin Alexander
Published: September 2024

Epigenetic changes accompany the dynamic changes in the cell wall composition during the development of callus cells. H3K4me3 is responsible for active gene expression and reaction to environmental cues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique for studying the interplay between epigenetic modifications and the DNA regions of interest. In combination with sequencing, it can provide the genome-wide enrichment of the specific epigenetic mark, providing vital information on its involvement in the plethora of cellular processes. Here, we describe the genome-wide distribution of H3K4me3 in morphogenic and non-morphogenic callus of Fagopyrum tataricum. Levels of H3K4me3 were higher around the transcription start site, in agreement with the role of this mark in transcriptional activation. The global levels of methylation were higher in the non-morphogenic callus, which indicated increased gene activation compared to the morphogenic callus. We also employed ChIP to analyse the changes in the enrichment of this epigenetic mark on the cell wall-related genes in both calli types during the course of the passage. Enrichment of H3K4me3 on cell wall genes was specific for callus type, suggesting that the role of this mark in cell-wall remodelling is complex and involved in many processes related to dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. This intricacy of the cell wall composition was supported by the immunohistochemical analysis of the cell wall epitopes’ distribution of pectins and extensins. Together, these data give a novel insight into the involvement of H3K4me3 in the regeneration processes in F. tataricum in vitro callus tissue culture.
The chain mediating role of social support and positive coping between neuroticism and depressive symptoms among graduate students
Authors: Wan Peng , Hu Jinsheng , Yang Qingshuo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Graduate students face unprecedented levels of neuroticism and pressure compared to their peers. Despite existing research examining the connection between neuroticism and depressive symptoms, a gap in the current understanding of the mediating mechanisms that act on this relationship, especially among this specific student population.

Methods

This study investigated the potential chain-mediating roles of social support and positive coping in the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms among graduate students. The participants were 1845 graduate students who provided demographic information and complete assessments including the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Depression Rating Scale (BDI-II), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). The analysis involved correlational analysis and a chain mediation model was used to investigate the associations among neuroticism, social support, positive coping mechanisms, and depressive symptoms.

Results

The results show significant correlations among neuroticism, depressive symptoms, social support, and positive coping. Moreover, our findings verify that neuroticism affects depressive symptoms in graduate students through three pathways: the mediating effect of social support, the mediating effect of positive coping, and the chain-mediating effect of social support and positive coping.

Discussion

Overall, the hypothesized chain model conclusively fits the data: Neuroticism directly affects depressive symptoms among graduate students and influences depressive symptoms through the mediating effects of social support and positive coping, as well as the chain mediating effects of these two variables.
Neuropsychiatry revisited: epilepsy as the borderland between neurology and psychiatry
Authors: Sone Daichi , Kanemoto Kousuke
Published: September 2024

Since epilepsy is often complicated by psychiatric symptoms, the contributions of psychiatry are indispensable for the care and improvement of the quality of life of individuals with epilepsy. Moreover, the existence of a bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms was recently proposed, based on the evidence that not only are some psychiatric symptoms more likely than others to follow epilepsy, but also that psychiatric symptoms may precede the onset of epilepsy and the presence of psychiatric symptoms may influence the outcome of treatment for seizures. There has also been a gradual accumulation of neurobiological findings related to psychosis, depressive, and anxiety symptoms that are associated with epilepsy with respect to abnormalities in brain networks and neurotransmission. This mini-review focuses on the neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy and proposes that a reconsideration of neuropsychiatry in light of epilepsy findings could serve as a bridge between psychiatry and neurology.
Optimization Design of Honeycomb Absorbing Structure and Its Application in Aircraft Inlet Stealth
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Shi Yongqiang , Yang Qingzhen , Wang Xufei , He Yubo
Published: September 2024

The growing demand for stealth technology in military and aerospace applications has driven the development of advanced radar-absorbing structures. In particular, honeycomb absorbing structures (HASs) have shown promise due to their unique properties. In order to enhance the absorption characteristics of HASs and evaluate its application effect on aircraft, firstly, the mechanism of enhancing the electromagnetic (EM) absorption capacity of honeycomb structures by using a gradient design for the impregnation material is studied. Secondly, a multi-layer gradient honeycomb absorbing structure (MGHAS) with top skin and intermediate bonding layers is proposed. The influence of the type and arrangement of impregnation materials on reflectivity is analyzed to obtain design strategies that can enhance the absorption performance of the MGHAS. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the EM absorption performance of the MGHAS. The optimized MGHAS achieves broadband absorption below −10 dB in a 2–18 GHz range, and the reflectivity even reaches −30 dB near 10 GHz. Finally, to solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering characteristics of periodic structures, such as HASs applied to electrically large targets, reflectivity is introduced into a shooting and bouncing ray method, which is a high-frequency algorithm used to analyze the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the aircraft inlet. Based on this method, the reduction effect of the MGHAS on the radar cross section (RCS) of the aircraft inlet is explored. The results indicate that at the detection angle at 0° and detection frequency at 10 GHz, an aircraft inlet equipped with the MGHAS achieves a 26 dB reduction in the RCS compared with an aircraft inlet without stealth technologies and an 18 dB reduction compared with an inlet with coating-type absorbing material in TM mode. This study demonstrates that the proposed MGHAS effectively reduces the electromagnetic scattering intensity of the aircraft inlet and enhances the radar stealth performance of the aircraft.
Optimal Design and Tests of a Pulsating Roll-Cleaning Device for Tiger Nuts
Authors: Lv Zhijun , Wang Wanzhang , Yang Dekun , He Xun , Qu Zhe , Jing Wenzhuo , Mei Yong , Huang Huinan , Su Baohao , Zhuang Yangfan
Published: September 2024

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and poor cleaning quality in the cleaning process of harvested tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) with lots of soil and fibrous roots on the surface to meet the demand for mechanized harvesting of tiger nuts in the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Haihe River regions in China, a pulsating roll-cleaning device was devised. The analytical software for meshing the transmission of pitch curves of elliptical gears with arbitrary orders was developed based on Visual Basic 6.0, thus obtaining a pair of elliptical gears that meet the steady transmission requirement. The meshing of this pair of elliptical gears enables pulsating variable-speed rotation of a brush roller, which reduces the breakage and accumulation of tiger nuts. Circular screen holes are distributed uniformly on the upper and lower cylindrical walls. Tiger nuts are cleaned under friction with the brush roller and the circular screen holes, while residues (including soil) fall in the settlement and accumulation tank through the screen holes, which realizes the rapid discharge and collection of residues, including soil, and reduction of dust. The separation process of soil from tiger nuts in the cleaning device was studied using RecurDyn 2023-EDEM 2022 simulation software. Taking the rate of rotation of the brush roller, order of elliptical gears, and eccentricity of the elliptical gears as the test factors while taking the cleaning efficiency, breakage rate, and impurity rate as the evaluation indices, a test bench for the cleaning performance of tiger nuts was established. Design-Expert V8.0.6 was applied to carry out a three-factor three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) using response surface methodology (RSM), thus ascertaining the optimal parameter combination of the cleaning device. When the rate of rotation of the brush roller, order of elliptical gears, and eccentricity of the elliptical gears are, separately, 280 rpm, 2, and 0.122, the cleaning efficiency, breakage rate, and impurity rate of tiger nuts are 1.83 t·h−1, 0.15%, and 0.16%, respectively. This satisfies the cleaning requirement of tiger nuts and provides a basis for the design of cleaning machines for tiger nuts.
Performance Analysis of YOLO and Detectron2 Models for Detecting Corn and Soybean Pests Employing Customized Dataset
Authors: de Almeida Guilherme Pires Silva , dos Santos Leonardo Nazário Silva , da Silva Souza Leandro Rodrigues , da Costa Gontijo Pablo , de Oliveira Ruy , Teixeira Matheus Cândido , De Oliveira Mario , Teixeira Marconi Batista , do Carmo França Heyde Francielle
Published: September 2024

One of the most challenging aspects of agricultural pest control is accurate detection of insects in crops. Inadequate control measures for insect pests can seriously impact the production of corn and soybean plantations. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been extensively used for detecting insect pests in the field. In this line of research, this paper introduces a method to detect four key insect species that are predominant in Brazilian agriculture. Our model relies on computer vision techniques, including You Only Look Once (YOLO) and Detectron2, and adapts them to lightweight formats—TensorFlow Lite (TFLite) and Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX)—for resource-constrained devices. Our method leverages two datasets: a comprehensive one and a smaller sample for comparison purposes. With this setup, the authors aimed at using these two datasets to evaluate the performance of the computer vision models and subsequently convert the best-performing models into TFLite and ONNX formats, facilitating their deployment on edge devices. The results are promising. Even in the worst-case scenario, where the ONNX model with the reduced dataset was compared to the YOLOv9-gelan model with the full dataset, the precision reached 87.3%, and the accuracy achieved was 95.0%.