bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a new iron‐dependent sRNA in Klebsiella oxytoca (LB204)
Authors: Sheth Eshani , Lambert Allison , Hernandez Jose
Published: June 2021

Klebsiella sp. are responsible for many serious hospital‐acquired infections such as pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and hemorrhagic colitis. Because iron is an essential nutrient required by virtually all organisms, the ability to acquire iron correlates with virulence and pathogenesis of bacterial infections. The discovery of the regulatory small RNA (sRNA) ryhB in Escherichia coli helped to identify similar iron‐regulated sRNA targets in other bacteria. We have identified a homologous gene, krrF, in Klebsiella oxytoca via in silico methods. We first confirmed the expression of this gene by applying non‐quantitative RT‐PCR. After proving krrF transcription, we demonstrated that its expression is dependent on extracellular iron levels by performing qRT‐PCR on RNA isolated from wild type K. oxytoca cultures grown in media with varying concentrations of iron. Results indicated that krrF transcription increased in cultures with lower concentrations of iron and in cultures to which an iron chelator was added, while cultures with the highest iron concentrations showed decreased krrF transcription. Moreover, we performed binding assays using purified K. oxytoca Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur), which showed affinity of the Fur protein for the krrF gene promoter. In conclusion, we present krrF from K. oxytoca, a new sRNA likely regulated by the Fur protein in response to iron levels in the medium.
TRIM28 regulates RNA polymerase II promoter proximal pausing and pause release (LB206)
Authors: Bunch Heeyoun
Published: June 2021

Promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a major checkpoint in transcription. An unbiased search for novel human proteins that could regulate paused Pol II at the HSPA1B gene identified TRIM28. In vitro analyses indicated HSF1‐dependent attenuation of Pol II pausing upon TRIM28 depletion, whereas in vivo data revealed de novo expression of HSPA1B and other known genes regulated by paused Pol II upon TRIM28 knockdown. These results were supported by genome‐wide ChIP‐sequencing analyses of Pol II occupancy that revealed a global role for TRIM28 in regulating Pol II pausing and pause release. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies suggest that transcription‐coupled phosphorylation regulates Pol II pause release by TRIM28. Collectively, our findings identify TRIM28 as a novel factor that modulates Pol II pausing and transcriptional elongation at a large number of mammalian genes.

Grant Funding Source: US National Institutes of Health (RO‐1CA047407) and The Harvard JCRT
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) enhances expression of pro‐fibrotic genes through a novel miRNA‐mediated cascade in renal mesangial cells (LB208)
Authors: Castro Nancy
Published: June 2021

Increased TGF‐β1 expression in glomerular mesangial cells (MC) augments extracellular matrix accumulation, hypertrophy and pro‐fibrotic genes during the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a debilitating renal complication of diabetes. microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the pathogenesis of DN by modulating the actions of TGF‐β1 to enhance the expression of pro‐fibrotic genes like collagen. In this study, we found a significant decrease in the expression of key members of the miR‐130 and miR‐30 families in mouse MC (MMC) treated with TGF‐β1. In parallel there was a decrease in host genes 2610318N02RIK (RIK, miR‐130b host gene) and NF‐YC (miR‐30e* host gene), suggesting host gene‐dependent expression of these miRNAs. TGF‐β receptor1 (TGF‐βR1), was identified as a target of miR‐130b. Interestingly, the RIK promoter contains three NF‐YC binding sites and was regulated by NF‐YC, a potential target of miR‐216a which was also up‐regulated by TGF‐β1. Therefore, a novel cascade, ↑TGF‐β1>↑miR‐216a>↓NF‐YC>↓RIK (↓miR‐130b) may up‐regulate TGF‐βR1 to augment expression of TGF‐β1 target fibrotic genes. miR‐130 and miR‐30e* were down‐regulated, whereas TGF‐βR1, as well as the pro‐fibrotic genes COLIVa1, COLXIIa1, CTGF and PAI‐1 were up‐regulated by TGF‐β1 in MMC and in the glomeruli of streptozotocin injected diabetic mice, supporting in vivo relevance. Together, these results demonstrate a novel miRNA‐ and their host gene‐mediated cascade initiated by TGF‐β1 which results in the up‐regulation of pro‐fibrotic factors such as TGF‐βR1 and collagens associated with the progression of DN.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01 DK081705 and ADA 7‐10‐MI‐07
Roles of High Oscillatory Shear Stress‐Induced Histone Deacetylases Expression in Arteriovenous Fistula Failure (LB218)
Authors: Yang Tung , Lin Chih , Lin Wei , Lee Pei , Chiu Jeng
Published: June 2021

The high incidence and prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan has been an important public health problem. In Taiwan, 90.96% of these patients are managed on maintenance hemodialysis. An autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been commonly used as the vascular access in hemodialysis but there are significant problems associated with AVF failure. The main complications of AVF include thrombosis, stenosis, and vascular access infections. AVF operation causes hemodynamic environmental changes such as shear stress. The shear stress has been identified as playing important roles in regulating the vascular endothelial dysfunction. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important epigenetic factors that regulate cellular functions involving inflammatory and proliferative. Recent studies show that their expressions in endothelial cells are regulated by shear stress. Thus, we hypothesize that HDACs may play critical roles in venous endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction and AVF failure. In this project, we have identified flow patterns and the expressions of HDACs in different locations of the AVF vessels (anastomosis and distal vein) by Doppler ultrasound and immunostaining. In addition, we generated rat AVF model to simulate human AVF condition and checked the relationship between the activation of HDACs and flow patterns. In Doppler ultrasound results, we found that high velocities and oscillatory shear stress (HOSS) existed in the anastomosis of the human and rat AVF vessels, whereas corresponding low velocities and laminar flow existed in the normal vein. In immunostaining results, HDAC‐1/2/3 were activated in the anastomosis and proximal vein ECs in the venous limb of the human and rat AVF model. These results indicated that high and oscillatory shear stress can cause HDAC activation in venous ECs which may play some important roles in the development of AVF failure.
Action of fluvastatin on signal transduction pathways of an aggressive natural killer cell leukemia cell line (LB227)
Authors: Yingst Ashley , Pradhan Prajakta , Steele Timothy
Published: June 2021

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia is an acute neoplastic proliferation of natural killer cells, resulting in progressive disease and poor prognosis. Death ensues within months and a successful treatment plan for aggressive natural killer cell leukemia has not been established. Typically, statins are utilized to lower cholesterol by inhibiting the production of mevalonate via competitive inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase. Statins have also been shown to exhibit anti‐cancer effects.

Previous research in our lab has shown combination therapy with a chemotherapy agent and statin decreased cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Statins alone were also shown to inhibit cytotoxicity in concentrations from 3.1uM‐5uM. Based on these previous results, we began to investigate the specific mechanism of action of statins. In this study, the effect of fluvastatin on signal transduction was examined using the aggressive natural killer cell leukemia cell line, known as YT‐INDY. YT‐INDY cells were treated with 10uM of fluvastatin every 24 hours, for a total of 72 hours. Cell lysates were prepared for both western blot analysis and human phospho‐MAP‐K analysis. Western blots demonstrated decreased phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2, upon statin treatment.

We followed that up with human‐phospho‐ MAP‐K antibody arrays. Preliminary results indicate that 10uM fluvastatin significantly increases the phosphorylation, and activation of AKT, P38, and HSP27, suggesting an increased stress response, as expected in cancers. Significant decreases in the phosphorylation of ERK, RSK, and CREB were evident in the signal transduction pathways; thereby indicating a decrease in cell survival, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of aggressive natural killer cell leukemia cells. Current studies are investigating the use of mevalonate pathway inhibitors and pathway intermediates to more specifically identify the parts of the pathway that are responsible for the inhibition of proliferation and cytotoxicity. It is the hope that the outcome of this line of research will result in more effective treatment strategies for aggressive natural killer cell leukemia.

Grant Funding Source: Iowa Osteopathic Education and Research Foundation
Pathogen‐induced lipid coalescence in the host membrane causes downstream activation of Rho GTPase (LB229)
Authors: Krachler Anne‐Marie
Published: June 2021

We recently discovered a family of bacterial adhesins (Multivalent Adhesion Molecules, MAMs) which mediate initial contact between pathogen and host cells during infection. MAMs are composed of tandem arrays of six to seven mammalian cell entry (mce) domains, each recognizing a phosphatidic acid lipid ligand in the host cell membrane. We utilized bacteriomimetic tools to reconstruct the process of pathogen adhesion to host cells independent of other bacterial components and virulence factors. This revealed that MAMs, through binding to phosphatidic acid ligands with high affinity, induce lipid coalescence in the host cell membrane. Clustering of phosphatidic acid ligands triggers downstream activation of the small GTPase RhoA and actin rearrangements. In vivo infection studies with Vibrio parahaemolyticus demonstrated that MAM‐triggered RhoA activation facilitates breaching of a polarized epithelial cell layer by the pathogen. This is an unprecedented mechanism utilized by a bacterial pathogen to manipulate host cells and facilitate infection.

Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by an EMBO fellowship (ALTF 938‐2011).
Activation of anti‐tumor immune responses using a combination of radiation and 26S proteasome inhibition (LB245)
Authors: Shanderson Ronald , Cacan Ercan , Morgan Julie , Greer Susanna
Published: June 2021

Radiation treatment is an effective breast tumor therapy, but its usage is limited by dose and toxicity. Sub‐lethal doses of radiation can modulate tumor gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to immune responses, but radiotherapy alone is insufficient to generate strong tumor‐specific immune responses. The proteasome presents a novel target for combination therapies in cancer: it plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation, inhibition of radiation‐induced apoptosis and development of drug resistance. The objective of our study is to investigate the effects of the 26S proteasome inhibitor, Velcade, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, on the expression of immunogenic genes in breast cancer cells. Here, we examined MDA231 breast cancer cells for changes in expression of multiple immuno‐stimulatory molecules and death receptors. Our preliminary data indicates a combination of Velcade and low‐dose radiation significantly increases the sensitivity of MDA231 cells to apoptosis. Furthermore, this novel combination treatment upregulates cell surface expression of multiple death receptors (TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF10B and Fas/APO‐1) and co‐stimulatory molecules (TNFSF4 and TNFRSF9) by increasing their transcriptional activation. These data will guide experiments to determine how this combination therapy can best enhance anti‐tumor immune responses.
The identification of small molecules that alter the activity of the LINE1 endonuclease (LB253)
Authors: Maurice‐Walker Lindsey , Ahmad Idrees , Reddix Sherry , Russell Brittany , Mottamal Madhu , Huang Tien , DeFreece Cecily
Published: June 2021

Long interspersed element‐1 (LINE1) is the only currently active autonomous retroelement within the human genome. LINE1 replicates itself through a process known as retrotransposition that requires the endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities of the LINE1 protein ORF2. During retrotransposition, the LINE1 endonuclease recognizes an AT‐rich target sequence loosely defined as 5'TTTT/AA3' (“/” denotes site of cleavage). After nicking of DNA by LINE1 endonuclease and reverse transcription of LINE1 RNA, a new copy of LINE1 is inserted into the genome. The complete details of LINE1 insertion are undefined, however, a double strand break (DSB) must occur during this process prior to integration of novel LINE1 elements. Further studies characterizing LINE1 endonuclease function demonstrated that LINE1 endonuclease induces formation of DSBs. While LINE1 mutagenic insertion events have been associated with diseases such as breast and colon cancer as well as muscular dystrophy, the full effect of LINE1 endonuclease upon stability of the genome is undetermined. Only a small fraction of LINE1‐induced DSBs results in a retrotransposition event suggesting that the damage from the LINE1 endonuclease activity may be greater than previously considered. Thus, an inhibitor of LINE1 endonuclease would be beneficial for estimating LINE1‐associated damage and to potentially minimize LINE1‐related genetic instability. Methodology: We have performed in vitro and in silico screens of small molecule libraries. The small molecules identified will be confirmed for their ability to inhibit the LINE1 endonuclease using in vitro biochemical assays. Results: We have thus far identified a subset of small molecules that inhibit the LINE1 endonuclease.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by funding from the Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium and the NIH‐RCMI grant #8G12MD007595‐05 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institut
Phenotypic characterization of CLEVER‐1 knock‐out mice (LB263)
Authors: Elima Kati , Karikoski Marika , Rantakari Pia , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa
Published: June 2021

Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor‐1 (CLEVER‐1; also known as Stabilin‐1) is a large cell surface glycoprotein composed of distinct repetitive elements including several Fas‐domains, EGF‐like repeats, two RGD‐motives, and a Link‐domain. CLEVER‐1 is constitutively expressed on lymphatic and sinusoidal endothelium as well as on type 2 immunosuppressive macrophages. Upon inflammation it is induced on continuous flat‐walled vascular endothelium. CLEVER‐1 has been shown to support leukocyte adhesion and transmigration and to function as a scavenging receptor for e.g. acLDL. In order to study the role of CLEVER‐1 in vivo we have generated a knock‐out mouse line for this protein. In addition, to be able to address the importance of CLEVER‐1 in macrophages, we have designed a conditional knock‐out mouse line for CLEVER‐1 and crossed the line with mice carrying the gene for Cre‐recombinase under a myeloid cell lineage specific promoter. Several experimental models for inflammation and cancer are now in progress. The results obtained thus far confirm the role of this multifunctional protein in leukocyte and cancer cell trafficking and corroborate the results obtained, when using anti‐Clever‐1 antibodies in similar models with wild‐type mice. Furthermore, during the characterization of the two genetically modified mouse lines also new functions for CLEVER‐1 were discovered.
Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi in Anasa tristis (LB268)
Authors: Cooks‐Fagbodun Sheritta , McHugh Mark , Graham Martha , Scott Maya , Sleets Halston , Quarcoo Franklin , Witola William , Alexander A.
Published: June 2021

Chagas’ disease is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It is a major health concern for the USA, although, mainly endemic to rural, poverty‐stricken areas, of Latin America. It is estimated 300,000 people in the USA and 8 to 14 million in Latin America are infected. The parasites are transmitted by the reduviid “kissing” bug. The kissing bug takes a blood meal and defecates on the host, which allows feces infected with T. cruzi to enter the wound. Currently, the source of T. cruzi transmission in the USA is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if squash bugs, common relatives of the kissing bug, can act as vectors for T. cruzi and potentially transmit the parasites to mammalian hosts. Hence, 400 squash bugs were collected from a variety of curcubit plants, identified and separated by genus/species. PCR analysis was performed on DNA isolated from bug midgut contents to determine if T. cruzi was present. Morphological examination confirmed that all samples were Anasa tristis (A. tristis). Additionally, 5‐10% of bugs were positive for T. cruzi. Putative T. cruzi parasites were also found in cell cultures inoculated with midgut contents. Thus, we concluded that A. tristis can harbor T. cruzi parasites. However, the potential for the parasite to be transmitted to mammalian hosts via squash bugs, although unlikely due to the arthropod’s host preference, is still being investigated.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute MICROBE Project# 52007563, RCMI Core Grant number#G12MD007585‐23, Center for Biomedical Research, Tuskegee University, George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station
Assessment of factors related to carbohydrate intolerance II: OGTT glucose at 120 minutes (LB298)
Authors: Galvan E , Levers K , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung Y , O'Connor A , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrate intolerance survey (CI) could predict response to an OGTT. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2‐hr OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with OGTT glucose at 120 minutes (G120). Results revealed significant correlations (p<0.05) in G120 (112±25 mg/dl) to glucose AUC (r=0.60), glucose AUMC (r=0.73), Cmax (r=0.34), fasting insulin (r=0.34), HOMA (r=0.37), height (r=‐0.33), resting HR (r=0.29), BMC (r=‐0.34), BMD (r=‐0.23), FFM (r=‐0.39), DEXA body fat (0.24), BIA body fat (r=0.22), and perceptions of being more than 25 lbs overweight (r=0.25). These findings indicate that OGTT G120 is positively correlated to OGTT glucose AUC, fasting insulin, and HOMA. Further, that shorter women who perceive themselves as more than 25 lbs overweight with a higher body fat and resting HR with lower FFM, BMC, and BMD were more related to G120 during a OGTT.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX)
Assessment of factors related to carbohydrate intolerance III: Fasting HOMA (LB300)
Authors: Dalton R , Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Jung Y , O'Connor A , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

The fasting homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a gold standard in assessing insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrate intolerance survey (CI) correlate to HOMA, an OGTT, body composition and/or markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2‐hr OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with HOMA. Results revealed significant correlations (p<0.05) in HOMA (1.51±1.1) to G120 (r=0.37), glucose AUC (r=0.30), glucose AUMC (r=0.32), Cmax (r=0.24), fasting insulin (r=0.99), G/I ratio (r=‐0.49), height (r=‐0.27), waist circumference (r=0.26), BMI (r=0.21), BMC (r=‐0.21), BMD (r=‐0.27), DEXA body fat (r=0.28), and BIA body fat (r=0.23). However, HOMA did not significantly correlate to any question on the CI or symptoms during the OGTT. Results indicate that HOMA is positively correlated to OGTT glucose values, fasting insulin, the G/I ratio, waist circumference, BMI, and %BF and negatively correlated with height, BMC, and BMD but not related to CI questionnaire items or CI symptoms during an OGTT.

Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
An extensively hydrolyzed infant formula with a new emulsifier system is well tolerated in young infants (LB310)
Authors: Borschel Marlene , Baggs Geraldine
Published: June 2021

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas have less physical stability than intact protein formulas. Ingredient(s) are needed to stabilize these formulas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the tolerance of infants to casein hydrolysate formulas containing different carbohydrates (CHO) and emulsifiers.

113 infants were enrolled at 0‐8 d of age and fed a hydrolysate formula (Similac® Expert Care Alimentum® powder, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH [CF]) or a formula with different CHO sources and emulsifier (EF) until 28 d of age. A 3rd formula was studied but not reported here. CHO in CF was maltodextrin (MD) and sucrose with DATEM as the emulsifier. CHO in EF was MD, sucrose, and modified cornstarch with no DATEM. The primary variable was mean rank stool consistency (MRSC) from entry to 28 d. Intake and stool records were completed daily and feeding, stooling and formula satisfaction questionnaires were completed at exit.

No significant differences were observed in MRSC, 2.28+0.09 for CF and 2.18+0.08 for EF (calculated as 1=watery, 2=loose/mushy, 3=soft, 4=formed, 5=hard). No differences in # of stools/d, percentage of stool consistencies/colors, incidence of spit‐up/vomiting, or adverse events were observed. Parents of CF infants reported significantly better formula odor than those of EF infants (p=0.0267).

In conclusion, the results of the study support that EF was a safe and well tolerated feeding for young infants.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories
Does Mode of Feeding Influence Infant Behavior? (LB312)
Authors: Marriage Barbara , Baggs Geraldine
Published: June 2021

Breastfeeding is the ideal feeding for infants but when formula is used it is not known whether mode of feeding influences behavior. The goal was to determine if behavior of formula‐fed (FF) and breast‐fed (BF) infants were similar.

Infants were enrolled at 0‐8 days of age and exclusively fed a milk‐based formula or BF. Infant behavior was assessed by a validated questionnaire (IBQ) at 4 months of age. Only those IBQ questions (22 total) or dimensions (clusters of related questions) that satisfied at least 1 of 2 a priori criteria were considered equivalent.

A total of 228 infants (114 FF, 114 BF) were included. IBQs were completed at a mean of 121 days of age. Responses of 4 questions met the equivalence criteria along with the Colic (5 questions) and Overall Behavior Dimensions (20 questions). The results were similar for FF infants (n=88) fed a slightly reduced energy formula compared to BF infants (n=90) In conclusion, infant behavior, as assessed by parents using an IBQ at 4 months of age suggests that behavior of infants was similar and not influenced by mode of feeding. FF and BF babies showed similarity in crying behavior, days in good mood, and happy and quiet when waking up.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Abbott Nutrition
High protein diet during gestation influences female pups response to dietary challenge in adulthood (LB319)
Authors: Desclée de Maredsous Caroline , Delteil Corine , Blachier François , Barbillon Pierre , Mary‐Huard Tristan , Tomé Daniel , Oozeer Raish , Davila Anne‐Marie
Published: June 2021

Diet composition during gestation impacts offspring health in adulthood (Barker et al, 2013). The goal of the study was to characterize the influence of maternal high‐protein (HP) diet during gestation on pups’ response to dietary challenge and phenotype after weaning. Experimental design: Wistar rat dams were fed either a HP diet (50% energy protein) or a control (C; 20% energy protein) diet during gestation and the C diet during lactation. Female pups received either a western (W), HP or C diet from weaning to 10 weeks‐old. Results: Birth weight was not affected by gestation diet. Pups receiving HP diet after weaning gained less weight (p<0.0001), ate less energy (p<0.0001), had a lower visceral adipose tissue weight (p<0.0001) and had smaller adipocytes (p<0.0001) than W and C groups, whatever the gestation diet. For pups receiving the W diet after weaning, those whose mothers received a HP diet compared to C diet during gestation had higher weight gain (p=0.03 on day 60), higher energy intake and more visceral adipose tissue (p=0.04). At 10 weeks, pups whose mothers received a HP diet compared to C diet during gestation: i) had smaller adipocytes size (p=0.03), and ii) those fed the HP diet compared to the C diet after weaning had higher plasma glucose concentration peak during oral glucose tolerance test (p<0.0001). Conclusion: HP exposure during gestation predisposes pups to the sensitivity to deleterious dietary challenges. HP diet after weaning affects pups physiology in a similar way to previously described effects for adults (weight and fat loss).
The impact of vitamin D on disease activity in Crohn’s disease (CD) (LB330)
Authors: Alrefai Dania , Vatanparast Hassanali , Jones Jennifer , El‐matary Wael , Aljebreen Abdulrahman
Published: June 2021

Background: The impact of vitamin D on disease activity among CD patients has been studied as a modulator for autoimmune system. Since higher levels of vitamin D may significantly decrease disease activity. However, little is known about the effect of high doses of vitamin D on disease activity among CD patients. Objectives: Our aims are to determine vitamin D status and disease activity among CD cases in Canada and Saudi Arabia, and evaluate the impact of higher doses of vitamin D compared to EAR on disease activity among CD patients. Methods: This pilot study is a double‐blind, randomized, control trial involving approximately 60 recent, active CD patients engaged in induction therapy. The sample size includes patients in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (n=30) and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (n=30). The patients have been divided into three groups to receive different oral doses of vitamin D including: 1: 400 IU/day (Control group, EAR level) 2: 2,000 IU/day 3: 10,000 IU/day. The study is expected to last between January and April 2014, with nine weeks duration of intervention. Data are collected at baseline (0), 9 weeks, and at 2 months follow‐up. Along with anthropometric measurements, participants undergo laboratory examinations such as, WBC, Hg, Hct, ferritin, vitamin D, hsCRP and submit fecal samples, fill out the health related quality of life, socio‐demographic and physical activity questionnaires. We assess their dietary intake at the baseline and week 9 using three 24‐hour dietary recalls. Results: Since vitamin D is utilized in autoimmune disease, we expect to see CD patients with active disease in high dose group will benefit the most from vitamin D supplementation.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau in Ottawa and University of Saskatchewan
Oligomeric cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced bioactivity compared to monomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidins for preventing the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance during high‐fat feeding (LB331)
Authors: Dorenkott Melanie , Griffin Laura , Goodrich Katheryn , Thompson‐Witrick Katherine , Fundaro Gabrielle , Li Liyun , Stevens Joseph , Ali Mostafa , O'Keefe Sean , Hulver Matthew , Neilson Andrew
Published: June 2021

There is interest in the potential of cocoa flavanols, including monomers and procyanidins, to prevent obesity and type‐2 diabetes. Fermentation and processing of cocoa beans influence the qualitative and quantitative profiles of individual cocoa constituents. Little is known regarding how different cocoa flavanols contribute to inhibition of obesity and type‐2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to compare the impacts of long‐term dietary exposure to cocoa flavanol monomers, oligomers and polymers on the effects of high‐fat feeding. Mice were fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with either a cocoa flavanol extract, or a flavanol fraction enriched with monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric procyanidins for 12 weeks. The oligomer‐rich fraction proved to be most effective in preventing weight gain, fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance in this model. This is the first long‐term feeding study to examine the relative activities of cocoa constituents on diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance.
The effects of parenteral arginine and aminoguanidine on oxidant‐antioxidant homeostasis of organs in rats with subacute peritonitis (LB339)
Authors: Lo Hui‐Chen , Lee Chien‐Hsing
Published: June 2021

Evidence showed that total parenteral nutrition support and inflammatory diseases are closely related to oxidative stress. Our previous study demonstrated that parenteral arginine and aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, may elevate circulating antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arginine and aminoguanidine on oxidant‐antioxidant homeostasis in peritonitis‐affected organs, that is, the liver, lung, and kidneys. Male Wistar rats with cecal puncture‐induced subacute peritonitis were infused with conventional or arginine‐, aminoguanidine‐, or arginine plus aminoguanidine‐supplemented parenteral nutrition solutions for 7 days. Healthy, orally fed and sham‐operated, parenterally fed rats were included. The results showed that parenteral nutrition significantly decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase in the liver and decreased thiol group, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the lung. Subacute peritonitis with parenteral feeding significantly decreased glutathione and SOD and GPx activities in the liver and decreased oxidized glutathione in the lung. In rats with subacute peritonitis, parenteral arginine supplementation significantly increased glutathione levels in the liver and lung and SOD and GPx activities in the kidneys. Aminoguanidine supplementation significantly increased thiol groups, glutathione, and SOD activity in the liver and thiol groups and oxidized glutathione in the lung. Arginine plus aminoguanidine supplementation significantly increased oxidized glutathione in the lung. Taken together, parenteral arginine may have beneficial effects on oxidant‐antioxidant homeostasis in the liver, lung, and kidneys and aminoguanidine may improve peritonitis‐induced oxidative stress in the liver in rats with subacute peritonitis.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by 103‐CCH‐IRP
Physical Activity Behaviors of Breast Cancer Survivors: the Diet Activity and Lifestyle (DiAL) Study (LB341)
Authors: Kester Kelly , Tangney Christy
Published: June 2021

A growing body of literature exists for physical activity (PA) participation as a risk reducing behavior after breast cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to describe the amount and type of PA performed by breast cancer survivors, American Cancer Society (ACS) guideline awareness and risk perception. A sample of 89 breast cancer survivors completed a questionnaire about knowledge of ACS cancer prevention guidelines, perceived risk of breast cancer recurrence, and usual PA. Nearly 40% of participants were unsure of ACS guidelines. No difference in ACS guideline knowledge score (out of a possible 5 points) was observed between groups [family history, median or M (interquartile range or IQR) 4 (4,5); no family history 4 (3,5), p=0.54]. There was no difference in risk perception between family history groups (p=0.97), nor did PA behaviors differ (p=0.91). Reported PA was comprised mostly of work‐related activities [family history M (IQR) 58 (33, 79) MET‐hr/wk; no family history, 58 (32, 97)]. As compared to work PA which contributed 58 % of total PA, much less was reported for exercise (24 %) and recreation (6 %). Based on these findings, survivors appear to be uninformed about behaviors to adopt. Family history is not associated with greater awareness, greater perceived risk or preventive behaviors. Survivors partake in PA limited to work and do not seem to incorporate exercise and recreation activities.
Change in Knowledge of and Adherence to the Low‐Sodium Diet after Nutrition Education with a Registered Dietitian (LB344)
Authors: Sarcinella Kali , Moser Marisa , Holland Sarah , Tangney Christy , Betz Melanie , Pisani Barbara , Mendez Jose , Rasmussen Heather
Published: June 2021

While a low‐sodium diet is recommended for heart failure (HF) patients, many lack both knowledge of and adherence to this diet. It is unknown if education from a registered dietitian (RD) will improve knowledge or adherence. Therefore, 33 HF patients 蠅 18 years old completed a sodium knowledge questionnaire, as well as a questionnaire to assess adherence to a low‐sodium (2,000 mg) diet before and after education by an RD. The time between repeat assessments was (mean ± SD) 3.9 ± 2.3 months. The sample was middle‐aged (57 ± 15 years), 64% male, and 61% Black. Following RD education, 18 patients (54.5%) increased knowledge (increase in median score from 7 to 10, maximum score of 10), and 14 had decreased sodium intake (>500 mg/day from a baseline intake of 3,085 ± 1,276 mg). More patients knew the sodium guideline after education (increase from 30% to 55%, p<0.05). In addition, significantly more HF patients were compliant to the 2,000 mg/day guideline after education (24.2% and 45.5% pre‐and post‐education, respectively; p = 0.05). Barriers relating to taste and expense of low‐sodium foods decreased from 30% to 21%, and 24% to 12%, respectively. Education by an RD increased both sodium knowledge and adherence to a low‐sodium diet. Therefore, the RD should be an integral component of HF provider team.
Leuconostoc citreum 61 isolated from Kimchi, a Korean traditional food, decreases IgE synthesis via suppression of non‐antigen‐specific B cell responses (LB353)
Authors: Kang Hee , Moon JinSeok , Han NamSoo
Published: June 2021

Allergic diseases are described as immunological conditions characterized by an increased synthesis of IgE with a predominance of Th2 cells over Th1 cells. Consumption of food containing microorganisms is encouraged to restore the imbalance of Th 1 and Th2 cells. The objective of this study is to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of some strains among Leuconostoc citrum (LC) species isolated from Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. After screening, we chose LC 61 and LC 64, which were identified and designated by our laboratory, for their ability to induce strong responses in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin (IL)‐12 secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages. When mouse splenocytes were incubated with these strains under the Th2 polarizing conditions in which anti‐CD3 antibody and recombinant IL‐4 were added into the culture media, a six to seven fold higher level of interferon (IFN)‐gammaγwas observed but with little effect on IL‐4. Further, we examined the ability of LC 61 to regulate the aberrant Th2 response in vivo using the ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergy model. Oral feeding began 2 weeks before the sensitization and challenge of OVA and continued throughout the experimental period. Mice fed LC 61 showed a reduced level of total IgE, but not OVA‐specific IgE, in serum. CD40 (+) cells in the spleen from LC treated mice increased but there was no change in the population of CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD19(+) cells, indicating that LC 61 favored antigen presenting cells that belong to innate immunity. Of note, LC 61 significantly increased the population of CD19(+)CD80(‐) cells accompanied by a decrease in the population of CD19(+)CD80(+) cells. Upon OVA restimulation, splenocytes from LC 61 treated mice showed increased levels of IFN‐gammaγand IL‐4. From our results, the anti‐allergic effect of LC 61 seems to be mediated by the suppression of bystander B cell, and possibly T cell too, activation required for IgE synthesis, not by the modulation of allergen‐specific responses. We provide evidence that LC 61 isolated from Kimchi can be a beneficial probiotic strain for restoring the dysregulated Th1 and Th2 immune responses.
Nutritional status, phytochemical nutrients intake of mentally disabled Koreans (LB359)
Authors: Ahn Mi Yeon , Moon Hwang woon , Park Yoo Kyoung
Published: June 2021

This study aims to assess the nutritional intake in mentally disabled people and find out the solution for nutritional improvement. People with intellectual disability(N=40), mental disability(N=45), autism(N=4) and brain lesion(N=4) participated in this study. The disorder grades were from I to III and ages between 5 and 65. Assessments included anthropometry, ROMA III questionnaire for assessing bowel movement, daily intake of nutrients including phytochemical. The average BMI of mentally disabled people was the range of obesity. The intakes of protein(p<0.001), iron(p=0.001) and vit B₁(p=0.025) in mentally disabled people were lower than that of the non‐disabled people from the second year 2011 of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey. The intakes of iron(p<0.001) and vit B₁(p<0.001) in people with intellectual disability were also low. The intake of tocopherol was low in intellectually disabled group compared with traditional Korean diet of the non‐disabled people from the second year 2008 of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey. While cryptoxanthin, lycopene, tocopherol intakes were low in mentally disabled group. In conclusion, we recommend that it is important to encourage people with mental disability to eat sufficient amounts of vitamins, minerals, phytochemical nutrients in order to promote nutritional status.
Olanzapine and clozapine induce glucose metabolism dysregulation in differentiated murine myocyte (LB360)
Authors: Im Suji , Cho So Young , Park Yooheon , Suh Hyung Joo
Published: June 2021

Clozapine and olanzapine are atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) that are commonly prescribed for managing not only psychosis such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but also non‐psychotic disorders these days as alternatives to the typical antipsychotics such as fluphenazine. Those atypical antipsychotics are believed to have fewer side effects than typical antipsychotics do, but still have adverse effects associated with metabolic dysregulation that often leads to metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and related disease. To investigate the mechanism of impairing glucose and lipid metabolism, we examined the glucose and lipid metabolism in drug‐treated murine myocytes (C2C12 cells, ATCC CRL‐1772). We examined the PI3/Akt signaling pathway that are related to glucose transport and glycogen synthesis as several preliminary studies found AAPs directly cause impaired glycemic control and insulin resistance. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated by adding 2% (v/v) horse serum in DMEM medium after confluence. Cells were treated with the same concentration of clozapine, olanzapine, and fluphenazine at 20 μM. The amount of glucose uptake was estimated by measuring intracellular glucose contents. Level of mRNA and protein expression of the glucose metabolism related enzymes were measured by real time PCR and Western Blot analysis, respectively.
Acute hydration status and micro‐vascular function in healthy human volunteers (LB363)
Authors: Sayegh Marietta , Ray Sumantra
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Water is critical for most physiological functions and dehydration can be pathological. There is evidence that long‐term hydration impacts cardiac reactivity, however, there is little data on acute hydration status and micro‐vascular function. Aim: To investigate whether hydration status impacts capillary blood flow and endothelial function in healthy human volunteers. Methods: Hydration status was measured in 20 subjects (45.1±7.4y; 9 M; 11 F) using osmometry for urine osmolality and dipstick for urine specific gravity (USG). Micro‐vascular function was measured using controlled Laser Doppler Iontophoresis (Moor LDI), with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delivered to dermal forearm vessels using graded currents (0µA x 5s; 40µA x 10s; 60 µA x 30s; 100 µA x 60s). Results: Mean urine osmolality was 271.5 mOsm/kg and mean USG 1006.9. No correlations were found (p>0.05) between urine osmolality and ACh or SNP at any current, using linear regression. Similarly, no correlation was found between USG and ACh. A small but significant relationship was found between USG and SNP at 40µA (p=0.048). Conclusion: Based on these results, it appears that acute hydration status may not be a strong predictor of micro‐circulatory response to SNP and ACh. However, as SNP at 40 µA is correlated with USG, larger studies are needed to investigate further and explore whether USG is a more sensitive hydration marker in a micro‐circulatory/endothelial context.
Mistletoe (Cladocolea loniceroides) Fruit Extract on Viability of Breast Cancer Cell Cultures (LB366)
Authors: SERRANO MALDONADO MARIA JOSE , GARCIA GASCA TERESA , DAMIAN MATZUMURA PABLO , SORIANO SANTOS JORGE
Published: June 2021

Mistletoe is a tree parasitic plant; its impact is rather negative causing great tree mortality and economic losses around the world. Cladocolea (C.) loniceroides, Mexican mistletoe represents a serious pest and it has not been studied until today. It was considered useless because of the pruning problem, however the authors found that aqueous fruit extract of C. loniceroides presents antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to identify if the antioxidant aqueous extract of mistletoe fruit provokes cell death in various breast cancer cell cultures.

Doses‐response curves were built to ZR75‐1, MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF10A as negative control. LC50 were 91, 42, 45.6 and 198.6 µg gallic acid eq./mL, respectively after 48 h treatment. Mistletoe fruit extract induces cell death to breast cancer cultures; which are most sensitive (two times por ZR75‐1 and four times for MCF7, respectively) than noncancerous cell line and this effect may be possible by the presence of some phytochemicals with antioxidant activity.
BMI was significantly related to socio‐psychology, eating behavior, and quality of diet and life (LB372)
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Choue Ryowon
Published: June 2021

The neuroticism, emotional eating, problematic eating behaviors have been shown in overweight and obese individuals in many studies. In this study, we assessed the socio‐psychology, eating behavior, quality of diet, and quality of life of 114 women (mean age: 34.5±8.09 years) according to their BMI. Socio‐psychology variables were assessed by NEO‐PI‐RS and Coping Styles Questionnaire, and eating behavior was assessed using the EAT‐26, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and G‐FCQ‐T. Quality of diet was analyzed by DQI‐I, and obesity‐related quality of life was evaluated using the KOQOL. Neuroticism, among the personality traits, received the highest score in the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 group (p< 0.05). Active coping style scored lower in the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 group than the 18.5 蠄 BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 and 23.0 蠄 BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 groups (p< 0.05). EAT‐26 score was significantly higher in the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 group (22.0±10.89) than the 23.0 蠄 BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 (16.7±7.70) and 18.5 蠄 BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 (14.5±8.14) groups (p<0.05). Emotional eating of the DEBQ, and food craving received significantly higher scores in the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 group than the 18.5 蠄 BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 and 23.0 蠄 BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 groups (p<0.05). Overall dietary quality expressed by DQI‐I was significantly lower in the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 group (58.6±8.38) than the 18.5 蠄 BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 (62.5±5.17) and 23.0 蠄 BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 (60.5±8.12) groups (p<0.05). BMI was positively correlated with neuroticism and emotional eating, and negatively correlated with quality of diet and obesity‐related quality of life. Neuroticism was positively correlated with emotional eating and food craving. Emotional eating and food craving were negatively correlated with obesity‐related quality of life. In conclusion, women with a higher BMI had high neuroticism, low active coping, more problematic eating behaviors, low‐quality diets, and low quality of life than those with a lower BMI.
Association of Body Composition and Vitamin D Levels with Cardiac Geometric Pattern in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. (LB374)
Authors: Azevedo Paula , Batista Andrea , Baccaro Antonio , Narimatsu Karina , Modesto Pamela , Albano Aline , Polegato Bertha , Pereira Elenize , Rocha Oswaldo , Gradella Luciana , Minicucci Marcos , Zornoff Leonardo , Zanati Silmeia , Okoshi Marina , Paiva Sergio
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation presented in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with systemic manifestations, that include micronutrient deficiency, changes in body composition and cardiac morphofunctional alterations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of serum vitramin D and body composition with cardiac geometric pattern in patients with RA.

Methods: 30 patients with RA were submitted to clinical, nutritional and biochemical evaluation. Bioimpedance analysis and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed to evaluate body composition. Transthoracic dopller‐ echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricle mass and relative wall thickness (RWT) in order to find cardiac geometry patterns. Patients were divided in Normal or abnormal pattern (concentric remodeling or concentric hypertrophy.) Results: The mean age was 53±9 years; 70% were woman, 43% presented with hypertension. All patients have been treated with methotrexate and a biological agent and presented with Disease activity Score (DAS28) 2,7±1,2. Serum vitamin D (ng/mL) was 30± 10,Body composition showed: BMI (kg/m2 ) 26±6, abdominal circumference (cm) 96±12, hand grip (kgf) 19±4,6 ; fat mass evaluated by DEXA (%) 33,8 ± 9,5 and by bioimpedance (%) 34,7±8,3; phase angle 6,6±0,6. Normal Cardiac geometric pattern was observed in 45%, concentric remodeling in 31% and concentric hypertrophy in 24%. Multiple logistic regression showed that hypertension and phase angle explain abnormalities in geometric pattern, even when adjusted by age, gender and hypertension. Vitamin D correlated with RWT, however it is not associated with geometric pattern. Conclusion: phase angle may be a potential marker of cardiac geometric pattern in patients with RA.

Grant Funding Source: FAPESP: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo