bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Picturing the past: The Berlin Wall at 25
Authors: Somerstein Rachel
Published: May 2017

Although the mass media is an important tool that audiences rely on to learn about the past, the relationship among journalism, history, and memory is still underdeveloped; visual collective memory, like visual studies in other subfields, has received even less attention than written and textual representations of collective memory. To address that gap, this article uses a qualitative content analysis to assess how 15 newspapers commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall’s opening through photographs. Newspapers from countries that were capitalist and communist in 1989 are compared to identify the ways that different cultures ‘remember’ the same past. Five genres of images emerged: iconic photographs, memorials, metonymic and mythological portraits, metonymic relics, and images of resistance, though these genres were framed differently depending on a country’s political system in 1989. In comparing this cross-cultural collective memory, this study looks at what these visual commemorations reveal about cross-cultural anniversary practices, an area of memory studies that has received little attention.
Pregnancy-induced atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome: A new era with eculizumab
Authors: Shanmugalingam Renuka , Hsu Danny , Makris Angela
Published: May 2017

Pregnancy is a well-recognised trigger of atypical haemolytic syndrome (P-aHUS) and often occurs in the post-partum period. Similar to atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, it carries a poor prognosis with high morbidity particularly in the form of renal failure. Early recognition and intervention is crucial in its management particularly with the recent availability of eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to complement component C5, which has demonstrated drastic improvement in prognosis. The issue, however, is arriving at a timely diagnosis given the considerable amount of overlap in the clinical and biochemical manifestation of P-aHUS, HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme and low platelet count) and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We present a case report and literature review that highlights the clinical conundrum of arriving at the diagnosis. We also highlight the importance of early management of P-aHUS with eculizumab and its impact on improving morbidity.
Shape optimization of a Helmholtz resonator using an adjoint method
Authors: Caeiro Faisal , Sovardi Carlo , Förner Kilian , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a method for shape optimization in aero-acoustics and applies it to a Helmholtz resonator. The objective is to realize a desired acoustic impedance by optimizing the shape of the neck of the resonator, in due consideration of the excitation level. The optimization problem is formulated with a suitable objective functional, where the Navier–Stokes equations act as a partial differential equation (PDE) constraint in a Lagrangian functional. By exploiting the understanding of the relevant flow physics, it is possible to formulate the objective functional in the time domain, although the optimization target, i.e. the acoustic impedance, is a quantity defined in the frequency domain. This optimization problem is solved by a gradient-based optimization. The shape gradient of the objective functional is determined by an adjoint method, which requires solving two sets of PDEs in time: the so-called forward and backward problems. The forward problem is represented by the Navier–Stokes equations and is solved in the positive time direction. The set of equations for the backward problem, which has to be solved in the negative time direction, is derived in the current study. From the solutions of the forward and backward problems, the shape derivative for the current optimization step is calculated. Iterative optimization steps then bring the impedance to the target value.
A composite measure to explore visual disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Poretto Valentina , Petracca Maria , Saiote Catarina , Mormina Enricomaria , Howard Jonathan , Miller Aaron , Lublin Fred D , Inglese Matilde
Published: May 2017

Background

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide complementary information on visual system damage in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to determine whether a composite OCT/MRI score, reflecting cumulative damage along the entire visual pathway, can predict visual deficits in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).

Methods

Twenty-five PPMS patients and 20 age-matched controls underwent neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, spectral-domain OCT, and 3T brain MRI. Differences between groups were assessed by univariate general linear model and principal component analysis (PCA) grouped instrumental variables into main components. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA), OCT/MRI-derived metrics and PCA-derived composite scores.

Results

PCA identified four main components explaining 80.69% of data variance. Considering each variable independently, LCVA 1.25% was significantly predicted by ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, thalamic volume and optic radiation (OR) lesion volume (adjusted R2 0.328, p = 0.00004; adjusted R2 0.187, p = 0.002 and adjusted R2 0.180, p = 0.002). The PCA composite score of global visual pathway damage independently predicted both LCVA 1.25% (adjusted R2 value 0.361, p = 0.00001) and LCVA 2.50% (adjusted R2 value 0.323, p = 0.00003).

Conclusion

A multiparametric score represents a more comprehensive and effective tool to explain visual disability than a single instrumental metric in PPMS.
Mothering on Facebook: Exploring the Privacy/Openness Paradox
Authors: Chalklen Charlotte , Anderson Heather
Published: May 2017

To post or not to post photographs of children? Is it worth commenting on potentially controversial topics such as vaccinations and breastfeeding in a public forum or even a private group? Facebook offers mothers of young children a range of affordances that were unimaginable in a pre–social networking site (SNS) era, but at the same time presents a new set of dilemmas surrounding parenting in the digital domain. The SNS activity of parents brings the lives of children into online spaces in a way that builds community and social capital, but at the same time creates ethical tensions and raises a series of contemporary quandaries. Drawing upon data from a mixed-methods study, including an online survey of 117 mothers and semi-structured interviews with 17, this article examines Australian mothers’ complex concerns around Facebook and the often-uneasy balance between the need for privacy and the benefits of openness, especially in relation to sharing information about children. The findings show that while issues around privacy were one of the most commonly cited downsides to Facebook use, mothers are becoming increasingly adept at negotiating ways to protect their privacy while enjoying the benefits of openness. These negotiation tactics demonstrate a strong awareness in mothers of young children of the social–political implications of parenting in the digital domain.
Hemodynamic Profile of Acute Kidney Injury Following the Fontan Procedure: Impact of Renal Perfusion Pressure
Authors: Patterson Taylor , Hehir David A. , Buelow Matthew , Simpson Pippa M. , Mitchell Michael E. , Zhang Liyun , Eslami Mehdi , Murkowski Kathleen , Scott John P.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following cardiopulmonary bypass. Fontan completion may result in systemic venous hypertension and low cardiac output, reducing renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and further increasing the risk of AKI. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for post-Fontan AKI.

Methods:

Single-center retrospective study of children undergoing Fontan completion from 2005 to 2012. Demographic and hemodynamic variables were assessed for association with AKI. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with high-grade AKI (creatinine increase of ≥2.0 × baseline). Vital sign data were collected hourly for the first postoperative day.

Results:

A total of 186 patients underwent Fontan at 3.1 (2.5-3.8) years of age and 13.5 kg (12.2-15.1). Acute kidney injury occurred in 97 (52%) patients, with high-grade AKI in 52 (28%). Univariate analysis identified reduced RPP in patients with AKI compared to those without AKI, 50 (45-56) mm Hg versus 58 (54-61) mm Hg ( P < .0001), due to lower mean arterial blood pressure, 63 (60-69) versus 70 (66-73) mm Hg ( P < .0001), and higher central venous pressure, 14 (12-16) versus 13 (11-14) mm Hg, ( p < .0001). Multivariable logistic regression and classification tree analyses further identified elements of RPP as significant predictors of AKI, especially high-grade AKI. Postoperative intubation was linked to AKI development. Patients with AKI had decreased postoperative urine output with increased colloid requirements, duration of chest tube insertion, and hospital length of stay.

Conclusion:

Acute kidney injury occurs frequently following the Fontan procedure. Associated factors include reduced RPP, high colloid requirements, and postoperative intubation. Targeted hemodynamic interventions may serve to reduce the incidence of post-Fontan AKI.
Lessons Learned From a Critical Analysis of the Fontan Operation Over Three Decades in a Single Institution
Authors: Caneo Luiz Fernando , Turquetto Aida L. R. , Neirotti Rodolfo A. , Binotto Maria A. , Miana Leonardo A. , Tanamati Carla , Penha Juliano G. , Silveira João B. D. , Alexandre e Silva Thais M. , Jatene Fabio B. , Jatene Marcelo B.
Published: May 2017

Background:

The Fontan operation (FO) has evolved and many centers have demonstrated improved results relative to those from earlier eras. We report a single-institution experience over three decades, describing the outcomes and evaluating risk factors.

Methods:

Successive patients undergoing primary FO were divided into era I (1984-1994), era II (1995-2004), and era III (2005-2014). Clinical and operative notes were reviewed for demographic, anatomic, and procedure details. End points included early and late mortality and a composite of death, heart transplantation (HTX), or Fontan takedown.

Results:

A total of 420 patients underwent 18 atriopulmonary connections, 82 lateral tunnels (LT), and 320 extracardiac conduit (EC) Fontan procedures. Forty-six (11%) patients died; early and late mortality were 7.9% and 3.1%, respectively. Eight (1.9%) patients underwent HTX, 11 (2.6%) underwent Fontan conversion to EC, and 1 (0.2%) takedown of EC to bidirectional Glenn shunt. Prevalence of concomitant valve surgery ( P < .001) and pulmonary artery reconstruction ( P < .001) differed over the eras. Preoperative valve regurgitation was associated with likelihood of early mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, P = .002). Embolic events (OR = 1.9, P = .047), preoperative valve regurgitation (OR = 2.3, P = .029), diagnosis of unbalanced atrioventricular canal defect (OR = 1.14, P = .03), and concomitant valve replacement (OR = 6.9, P = .001) during the FO were associated with increased risk of the composite end point (death, HTX, or takedown).

Conclusion:

Technical modifications did not result in improved results across eras, due in part to more liberal indications for surgery in the recent years. Valve regurgitation, unbalanced atrioventricular canal, embolic events, or concomitant valve replacement were associated with FO failure.
Older/Younger Sibling Pairs in the Context of a Community Outreach Children’s Choir
Authors: Fredrickson William E. , Byrnes Suzanne R. , Aycock Sylvia R.
Published: May 2017

This article was designed to explore the behaviors observed and document the interactions of older and younger siblings in a children’s choir rehearsal environment. Observations by a music education student observer, the director/teacher of the group, and some parent recollections indicate that the sibling interactions do have a primarily positive impact on music and social behaviors in this children’s choir environment. Some younger siblings emulate older sibling behaviors, while some participate in independent ways including direct participation with the teachers. Observational and anecdotal evidence suggests that younger siblings are attracted to the music making and elect, or can be encouraged by older siblings, parents/caregivers, and others in the environment (children and adults), to actively participate in a variety of ways rather than simply watch and listen.
BCL2 expression in DLBCL: reappraisal of immunohistochemistry with new criteria for therapeutic biomarker evaluation
Authors: Tsuyama Naoko , Sakata Seiji , Baba Satoko , Mishima Yuko , Nishimura Noriko , Ueda Kyoko , Yokoyama Masahiro , Terui Yasuhito , Hatake Kiyohiko , Kitagawa Masanobu , Ishizuka Naoki , Tomita Naoto , Takeuchi Kengo
Published: May 2017

Key Points

A BCL2 IHC score is a strong prognostic factor independent of the IPI and MYC protein/rearrangement status in DLBCL treated with R-CHOP. The BCL2 scoring system we propose is a simple, at-a-glance, and highly reliable system, which was confirmed by an image analysis.
NK1.1+ cells promote sustained tissue injury and inflammation after trauma with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Chen Shuhua , Hoffman Rosemary A , Scott Melanie , Manson Joanna , Loughran Patricia , Ramadan Mostafa , Demetris Anthony J , Billiar Timothy R
Published: May 2017

Various cell populations expressing NK1.1 contribute to innate host defense and systemic inflammatory responses, but their role in hemorrhagic shock and trauma remains uncertain. NK1.1+ cells were depleted by i.p. administration of anti-NK1.1 (or isotype control) on two consecutive days, followed by hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation and peripheral tissue trauma (HS/T). The plasma levels of IL-6, MCP-1, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at 6 and 24 h. Histology in liver and gut were examined at 6 and 24 h. The number of NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in liver, as well as intracellular staining for TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 in liver cell populations were determined by flow cytometry. Control mice subjected to HS/T exhibited end organ damage manifested by marked increases in circulating ALT, AST, and MCP-1 levels, as well as histologic evidence of hepatic necrosis and gut injury. Although NK1.1+ cell–depleted mice exhibited a similar degree of organ damage as nondepleted animals at 6 h, NK1.1+ cell depletion resulted in marked suppression of both liver and gut injury by 24 h after HS/T. These findings indicate that NK1.1+ cells contribute to the persistence of inflammation leading to end organ damage in the liver and gut.
Practice Summary: Intel Calculates the Right Service Level for Its Products
Authors: Arnow Dennis , Willems Sean P.
Published: May 2017

All too often, companies do not rigorously calculate service levels. Instead, they arbitrarily set service levels by employing a top-down mandate. They employ this arbitrary approach because they have difficulty in quantifying the economics of a specific service level; the primary difficulty these companies encounter is quantifying the cost of not satisfying demand. Intel’s Customer Fulfillment and Logistics Group has developed a data-driven approach to calculate customer service levels. The major breakthrough in this work is a simple three-step process that diverse functions across the supply chain can employ to agree on the costs associated with a given service level.
Impacts of Reducing the Shelf Life of Red Blood Cells: A View from Down Under
Authors: Abbasi Babak , Vakili Golnaz , Chesneau Stuart
Published: May 2017

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most commonly used blood product. A body of literature is available to both support and oppose the concept that patient outcomes are negatively impacted when older blood is transfused. This has led to further research to analyze the impacts of reducing the shelf life of RBCs through the lenses of wastage and cost, and most importantly, sufficiency of supply. In this study, we look at the implications of decreasing the shelf life of RBCs in the state of New South Wales (NSW). We develop a discrete-event simulation model that considers the complexities of a two-echelon inventory system, as characterized by the blood product supply chain in Australia. The results show that reducing the shelf life of RBCs would, as we expect, result in fresher blood being transfused to patients. However, a reduction of 21 days would not be tolerated by that system based on current policy and practices; would result in a loss of control, vastly increased shortages, and (or) outdated RBCs; and would result in greater risk to patient care. Our model also evaluates the impact of operational policies on the NSW blood supply chain.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2017.0899 .
Implications for providing specialist 30-hours support
Authors: Fisk Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Following on from the last month's article, Rebecca Fisk takes a closer look at what it will mean to meet the needs of children with special education needs and disabilities when the extended entitlement arrives.
Indigenous London
Authors: Thrush Coll , Shanley Kate , Blackhawk Ned
Published: May 2017

This book provides an imaginative retelling of London's history, framed through the experiences of Indigenous travelers who came to the city over the course of more than five centuries. London is famed both as the ancient center of a former empire and as a modern metropolis of bewildering complexity and diversity. This book offers an imaginative vision of the city's past crafted from an almost entirely new perspective: that of Indigenous children, women, and men who traveled there, willingly or otherwise, from territories that became Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States, beginning in the sixteenth century. They included captives and diplomats, missionaries and shamans, poets and performers. Some, like the Powhatan noblewoman Pocahontas, are familiar; others, like an Odawa boy held as a prisoner of war, have almost been lost to history. In drawing together their stories and their diverse experiences with a changing urban culture, the book also illustrates how London learned to be a global, imperial city and how Indigenous people were central to that process.
The Face That Launched a Thousand Lawsuits
Authors: Lake Jessica
Published: May 2017

The advent of the photographic and cinematic camera in the mid to late 19th century caused new harms to individuals (particularly women), which existing laws (copyright, defamation, trespass) were inadequate to address. This book demonstrates that women forged a ‘right to privacy’ in the United States by bringing lawsuits claiming control and ownership over filmed images (still and moving) of their faces, bodies and narratives. At a time when they still lacked civil and political rights, women employed ‘a right to privacy’ to prevent themselves being reduced to nameless ‘pretty’ objects; to protest the transformation of their bodies into spectacles of ‘monstrosity’; to limit their exposure on the big screen to the mass ‘gaze’ of audiences; to control the development of their careers in paid work as models, dancers and actresses; and to reclaim their personal life stories from exploitation by film studios. Case documents also reveal the nexus between privacy claims and arguments by the subjects of images for property rights in them (eventuating in the right to publicity). This book interrogates the gender of privacy law and shows how privacy emerged as an ambiguous claim for women – it both reinforced traditional stereotypes of femininity or womanhood and progressed the feminist aspirations of the New Woman for greater self-determination and self-articulation. It shows that visual crimes against women occurring today via the Internet, such as revenge pornography or non-consensual pornography, have an important legal, social and political history.
The Spanish Resurgence, 1713-1748
Authors: Storrs Christopher
Published: May 2017

This book considers the extraordinary revival of Spanish power following the War of the Spanish Succession. Between 1713 and 1748 the Spain of Philip V was the single greatest threat to peace in Europe. That threat was due in large part to Philip’s overhaul of Spain’s institutions, including its armed forces. At the same time, however, there was greater continuity with the Habsburg past than is usually acknowledged by historians. The book also questions the current preoccupations with the Atlantic world, emphasising Philip V’s ambitions–and success–in the Mediterranean, Italy and north Africa. The book further considers attitudes in Spain and Spanish Italy to Philip’s reconstruction of Spanish empire. Last, but by no means least, whereas most studies of the reign emphasise Philip’s domination by his second wife, Isabel Farnese, this book places greater stress on the input of the king himself.
From Christ to Confucius
Authors: Wu Albert Monshan
Published: May 2017

This book examines how German Protestant and Catholic missionaries reconsidered their attitudes toward Confucianism and, more broadly, Chinese culture. In the 1860s, German missionaries attacked traditional Chinese values as antithetical to their goals of converting China to Christianity, and congregational leadership lay solely in German hands. By the 1930s, missionaries commented that Christianity’s global survival—both in China and the West—depended on a synthesis of Christ and Confucius. Even before they were forced by the Communists to leave in the early 1950s, the German missionaries had relinquished leadership to Chinese clergy. Why did these institutional and ideological shifts occur? How did German missionaries come to repudiate their former beliefs and tactics? This book argues that German missionaries, since their first entry into China, considered their missionary work in China as a failure. Propelled by failure, the German missionaries sought to reform their practices. These missionaries began to challenge Germany’s imperial project and even abandon central theological ideas such as the exclusivity of Christian salvation. Chinese Christians were crucial partners in the process, pushing the German missionaries to relinquish their previous claims of Christian superiority. In time, this thinking catalyzed a revolution among European Christians about the nature of Christianity itself. This book sheds light on the roots of Christianity’s global shift from being a predominantly European religion in the nineteenth century to a non-European one by the twenty-first century.
The Exile's Song
Authors: McKee Sally
Published: May 2017

This book chronicles the extraordinary story of African American composer Edmond Dede, raised in antebellum New Orleans, and his remarkable career in France. In 1855, Edmond Dede, a free black composer from New Orleans, emigrated to Paris. There he trained with France's best classical musicians and went on to spend thirty-six years in Bordeaux leading the city's most popular orchestras. How did this African American, raised in the biggest slave market in the United States, come to compose ballets for one of the best theaters outside of Paris and gain recognition as one of Bordeaux's most popular orchestra leaders? Beginning with his birth in antebellum New Orleans in 1827 and ending with his death in Paris in 1901, this text recounts the life of this extraordinary man. From the Crescent City to the City of Light and on to the raucous music halls of Bordeaux, this intimate narrative history brings to life the lost world of exiles and travelers in a rapidly modernizing world that threatened to leave the most vulnerable behind.
How Shakespeare Put Politics on the Stage
Authors: Lake Peter
Published: May 2017

This book presents an analysis of how Shakespeare's plays intersected with the politics and culture of Elizabethan England. With an ageing, childless monarch, lingering divisions due to the Reformation, and the threat of foreign enemies, Shakespeare's England was fraught with unparalleled anxiety and complicated problems. The text reveals the extent to which Shakespeare's plays speak to the depth and sophistication of Elizabethan political culture and the Elizabethan imagination. The book shows the complex ways in which Shakespeare's major plays engaged with the events of his day, particularly regarding the uncertain royal succession, theological and doctrinal debates, and virtue and virtu in politics. Through his plays, the text demonstrates, Shakespeare was boldly in conversation with his audience about a range of contemporary issues.
Distance of translation as a predictor of failure of fixation in paediatric supracondylar fractures
Authors: Holland P , Highcock A , Bruce C
Published: May 2017

Introduction

This study investigates the influence of incomplete reduction of supracondylar fractures on the incidence of loss of reduction requiring reoperation

Materials and methods

A review of 107 consecutive patients presenting with supracondylar fractures treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire stabilisation, between January 2011 and March 2013, was conducted. The mean age was 5 years (range 10 months to 12 years). Pre-, intra- and postoperative radiographs were reviewed. All patients who had failure of fixation requiring revision surgery were identified.

Results

Ninety-nine patients had an initial adequate radiographic reduction. Of these, one (1%) required revision surgery. Eight patients had an initial incomplete radiographic reduction and, of these, six (75%) required revision surgery (P < 0.0001).

Discussion

Supracondylar fractures treated with closed reduction and K wire stabilisation require adequate intraoperative reduction. Incomplete reduction should not be accepted, as despite the bones potential to remodel, the risk of further loss of reduction is high, requiring reoperation.
INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AO PRECONCEITO
Authors: Souza Jandara De Moura , Salvagni Julice , Nodari Cristine Hermann , Rasia Isabel Cristina Rosa Barros
Published: May 2017

O desenvolvimento de políticas públicas vem buscando abrir espaço, dar direitos e visibilidade para as Pessoas com Deficiências (PcDs). Pensando nas mudanças referentes à ampliação do processo de inclusão de PcD, esse estudo buscou analisar a percepção das lideranças e das suas equipes acerca da inclusão de PcD em uma empresa do ramo do agronegócio de Porto Alegre, no Rio grande do Sul. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e qualitativa, cujo método de trabalho foi o estudo de caso. Por meio de entrevistas qualitativas com roteiro semiestruturado como forma de coleta de dados e técnica de análise de conteúdo como interpretação de dados, foram discutidos inclusão social, políticas públicas e preconceito. Os resultados mostram que os entrevistados percebem o processo de inclusão de PcD no mercado de trabalho como algo necessário, desenvolvendo uma visão organizacional, a fim de lançar melhores condições de trabalho para esses indivíduos, seja oferecendo novos conhecimentos sobre o assunto às áreas da empresa que não possuem PcDs, seja ampliando a abertura de novas vagas. Por fim foram apresentadas as limitações do trabalho e as oportunidades de pesquisas futuras.
VALOR VITALÍCIO (CLV) E O VALOR DA CARTEIRA (CE) COMO MÉTRICAS DA AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE CLIENTES
Authors: Perini Aline , Toledo Luciano Augusto , De Oliveira Márcio Mattos Borges
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar quais os fatores indutores que preconizam os vetores de valor econômico à firma e/ou ao acionista apresentando como identidade conciliadora, mediadora e arbitrária as métricas - Valor Vitalício (CLV) e Valor da Carteira (CE) - ao apoio à tomada de decisão gerencial e estratégica por valor tangível econômico. A investigação levantou (153) cento e cinquenta e três artigos publicados em periódicos em bancos de dados específicos que dispunham em bases de engenharia, tecnologia, matemática e ciências sociais como administração. Deste universo, foram encontrados (35) trinta e cinco modelos de contribuições empíricas e analisados sob a abordagem de contemplação dos vetores de valor à firma e/ou aos acionistas. Resultados sugerem que o advento da tecnologia da informação tem proporcionado à produção de conhecimento a tomada de decisão mais estruturada em relação à gestão de clientes por valor tangível ecômico. Foram evidenciadas (17) dezessete modelos de análise de padrão de lucratividade, (9) nove modelos de otimização de alocação de recursos, (5) cinco modelos de aquisição, retenção e efeitos sociais e (4) quatro modelos sobre avaliação de firmas por meio de clientes.
Diklat Kepemimpinan Pola Baru Dalam Perspektif Inovasi dan Pembelajaran Konstruktivistik
Authors: Budiati Lilin
Published: May 2017

Badan Administrasi Negara (Lembaga Administrasi Negara / LAN) menetapkan model baru pendidikan kepemimpinan dan pelatihan tahun 2013 untuk menggantikan model lama yang dinilai tidak efektif. Model ini menerapkan paradigma konstruktivistik yang menekankan pada peserta didik dan pengalaman berdasarkan pendekatan pembelajaran. Beberapa masalah yang diidentifikasi sehubungan dengan hal tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Apa perbedaan dari baru dan model lama ?; (2) Apa arti strategis pendidikan kepemimpinan model baru dan pelatihan ?; (3) Apa kesulitan pelaksanaannya ?. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi kepustakaan yang menggunakan data sekunder dan analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan model baru dan model lama pendidikan kepemimpinan dan pelatihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga aspek proses belajar sebagai berikut: (1) Model baru diterapkan "Proyek perubahan" sebagai alat untuk menghasilkan sebuah “pengalaman" yang bisa membentuk kemampuan kepemimpinan siswa; (2) Model baru dari kepemimpinan dan pelatihan menciptakan hasil pemimpin yang berorientasi dalam birokrasi juga direformasi; (3) Kendala utama pelaksanaannya adalah kompleksitas dan ketidakcocokan dengan rendahnya tingkat kompetensi pelatih (Widyaiswara) dalam melakukan model baru ini. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut, bisa direkomendasikan kepada Badan Administrasi Negara untuk melakukan pelatihan pelatih untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan kapasitas mereka.
A Study of Spatial Inequality in Blitar Area: Facilitating Worse-off People to Develop
Authors: Nur’aini Nurul -
Published: May 2017

Spatial inequality is understood as the disparity among spatial units in a region perceived by thepeople. Some spatial units can provide proper and affordable public facilities and infrastructurewhile some others cannot. In Blitar region, spatial inequality is apparent between the North andSouth part of the region. In this case, the worse‐off people (WOP) suffered the most from thesituation. Brantas River stretching east‐west in the region, marks the boundary dividing theterritory into two parts: the North and South sub regions. So far, the North part appeared to bemore developed than the South. This study was aimed to answer the question “how to facilitatethe worse‐off people to get more equitable benefits from the regional development”. The studyexamined seven aspects of development, i.e. employment, income taxes, minimum wages, socialsecurity, educational services, health services and basic infrastructure. The study employedrandom sampling survey to the WOP of Blitar region, in proportion to the district units(kecamatan). Questionnaires provided perceptions from the WOP per household unit. The studyfound that the WOP living in the North do not always feel better than those in the South. TheNorth WOP are better in terms of taxation, minimum wages and educational services, while theSouth WOP are better in the aspects of employment, health services and basic infrastructure.Policy implication analysis recommended immediate reformulations of two policies regardingemployment and basic infrastructure, especially clean water and electricity.Keyword: equity‐based development, spatial inequality, worse‐off people
Evolusi Aktual Aktivitas Urban Tourism di Kota Bandung dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pembentukan Tempat-Tempat Rekreasi
Authors: Wardhani Apriliana Dyah
Published: May 2017

Pariwisata perkotaan di Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia meningkat signifikan; jumlah kunjunganmeningkat dari 36,1 tahun 2000 menjadi 69,6 juta 2010. Secara umum, aktivitas pariwisataberkontribusi sebesar 4,6% pada pendapatan ASEAN sehingga dimasukkan sebagai bagian dari strategipembangunannya. Studi ini didasari oleh fenomena bahwa modernisasi cenderung menggeseraktivitas wisata di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat dari aktivitas wisata budaya dan sejarah menuju wisatabelanja dan kuliner yang bersifat konsumtif; sebuah evolusi pariwisata perkotaan. Studi ini menelitibagaimana pergeseran tersebut mempengaruhi pembentukan berbagai jenis tujuan wisata baru, polapembentukannya dan faktor‐faktor yang berpengaruh dengan menggunakan metode penelitianrasionalistik kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Studi ini menemukan banyak fasilitas yangtadinya berperan hanya sebagai pendukung aktivitas wisata, seperti restoran, pusat belanja, dantempat hiburan, bergeser menjadi objek utama wisata di Kota Bandung.Kata kunci: pariwisata kota, aktivitas konsumsi, atraksi wisata
The electoral success of the Movimento 5 Stelle: An example of a left populist vote?
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Oser Jennifer
Published: May 2017

Das Movimento 5 Stelle wird oft als Beispiel herangezogen für den europäischen Trend eines schnell wachsenden Erfolges populistischer Parteien. In diesem Artikel werden, in einer vergleichenden Studie anhand des European Social Survey von 2012, die Gründe untersucht aus welchen sich die Wähler de Movimento für diese Partei entschieden haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wähler des Movimento, im Gegensatz zur Wählerschaft anderer populistischer Parteien in Europa, nicht durch Fremdenfeindlichkeit oder durch rechte Ideologien zur Stimmabgabe für das Movimento motiviert werden. Vielmehr treffen Movimento Wähler ihre Wahlentscheidung auf Grund negativer Bewertungen des politischen Systems. Die abschließende Diskussion verknüpft diese Ergebnisse mit den jüngsten politischen Ereignissen in Italien.
Österreichs Sozialstaat im Vergleich internationaler Makrodaten
Authors: Obinger Herbert
Published: May 2017

Dieser Beitrag vermisst anhand von über 30 Makroindikatoren das Profil und die Performanz des  österreichischen Sozialstaates im internationalen Vergleich. Neben Ausgabenniveaus und Finanzierungsstruktur werden die Generosität und der Inklusionsgrad ausgewählter Sicherungssysteme sowie die Performanz in den Bereichen Einkommensverteilung und Beschäftigung in den Blick genommen. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass Österreichs Sozialstaat trotz ausgeprägter Bismarckscher Strukturmerkmale eine deutlich überdurchschnittliche Leistungsfähigkeit aufweist.
Democratic maturity, external efficacy, and participation in elections: towards macro-micro interaction
Authors: Nový Michal , Katrňák Tomáš
Published: May 2017

Dieser Artikel analysiert die Bedeutung des Alters einer Demokratie für die Erklärung von Wahlbeteiligung. Er schlägt vor, dass die demokratische Reife die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stimmangabe nicht nur direkt beeinflussen könnte, sondern zugleich auch als Verstärker der Effekte von Prädiktoren auf der Individual-Ebene. Aus der Bandbreite der Variablen, die für eine Erhöhung oder Verringerung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stimmabgabe verantwortlich sein könnten, hebt diese Studie hervor, dass das politische Responsivitätsgefühl (externe Wirksamkeit) vom Alter einer Demokratie abhängen könnte. Der Zusammenhang zwischen demokratischer Reife und externer Wirksamkeit für die Erklärung von Wahlbeteiligung lässt sich theoretisch aus Aspekten des politischen Sozialisationsprozesses herleiten. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass mit steigendem Demokratiealter auch die positiven Effekte externer Wirksamkeit auf die Wahlbeteiligung zunehmen. Diese Vermutung wird mittels einer empirischen Analyse getestet, die auf Survey-Daten aus dem dritten Modul der Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) zurückgreift. Das Daten-Set besteht aus insgesamt 34.440 Befragten in 27 Ländern. Es wird eine logistische Regression verwendet (Mehrebenen-Analyse inklusive Interaktions-Analyse), um die Wirkung der uns interessierenden Variablen auf die Wahlbeteiligung (nach den Angaben der Befragten) abzuschätzen.
Die deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen und die Präsidentschaftswahl 2013
Authors: Novotný Lukáš
Published: May 2017

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Rolle der deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen bei der Präsidentschaftswahl 2013 in Tschechien zu analysieren. Insbesondere geht es um die Frage, inwieweit Geschichtsthemen wie die Vertreibung der deutschen Bevölkerung sowie die Benes-Dekrete eine Rolle im Wahlkampf spielten. Es zeigt sich, dass sie das Ergebnis der Wahl nicht in entscheidendem Ausmaß beeinflusst haben, was nicht zuletzt an dem geringen Abstand zwischen den beiden verbleibenden Kandidaten in der zweiten Runde ersichtlich wurde. Dies ist bemerkenswert auch deshalb, wenn man sich vor Augen hält, welch explosive Rolle Vertreibung und Dekrete vor einigen Jahren in Tschechien noch hatten.
Die Policy-Bilanz der Regierung Faymann I. Ein Test der Mandatstheorie
Authors: Praprotnik Katrin
Published: May 2017

Die indirekte Übersetzung des Wählerwillens in Politikinhalte durch gewählte Parteien steht im Zentrum repräsentativer Demokratien und wird in der Mandatstheorie erfasst. Die Mandatstheorie besagt, dass Programme künftiger Regierungsparteien einen guten Indikator für deren Verhalten im Amt darstellen. Die vorliegende Studie präsentiert einen Test der Mandatstheorie anhand der Umsetzung von Wahlversprechen in Österreich (2008-13). Die Überprüfung von 574 Versprechen liefert eine Beschreibung der Policy-Bilanzen der Regierungsparteien (SPÖ, ÖVP) im Vergleich zu jenen der Oppositionsparteien (FPÖ, BZÖ, Grüne). Die multivariaten Analysen zeigen, dass die Faktoren Regierungspartei, Koalitionsabkommen, Konsens in der Koalition sowie Status quo Wahlversprechen die Umsetzung des Mandats signifikant positiv beeinflussen.
Politikverdrossenheit oder kritische Demokraten? Eine Analyse der Einstellungen zur direkten Demokratie in Österreich im Lichte von drei theoretischen Ansätzen
Authors: Wirnsberger Sarah , Haller Max
Published: May 2017

Wird die direkte Demokratie in Österreich diskutiert, geschieht dies zumeist ohne Einbezug der BürgerInnen als politische AkteurInnen. Auf Basis einer repräsentativen Umfrage aus dem Jahr 2012 (n=2000) wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die öffentliche Meinung in diesem Kontext gestaltet und welche soziodemographischen und politischen Faktoren diese Haltungen begründen. Theoretisch werden drei Ansätze verglichen, die hinsichtlich ihrer Erklärungsleistungen in Konkurrenz zueinander stehen und jeweils andere normative Schlussfolgerungen für sich beanspruchen: new politics, political disaffection und die partizipatorische Demokratietheorie. Dabei zeigt sich, dass keine Theorie für sich einen hohen empirischen Gehalt aufweist, aber jede bestimmte Aspekte erklären kann. Aufgrund der hohen Zustimmung zum Ausbau der direkten Demokratie über alle Bevölkerungsschichten hinweg lassen sich insgesamt nur geringe Erklärungsleistungen auf Basis dieser Modelle erreichen.
Greeks, Romans, Germans
Authors: Chapoutot Johann
Published: May 2017

Much has been written about the conditions that made possible Hitler's rise and the Nazi takeover of Germany, but when we tell the story of the National Socialist Party, should we not also speak of Julius Caesar and Pericles? This book argues that to fully understand the racist, violent end of the Nazi regime, we must examine its appropriation of the heroes and lessons of the ancient world. When Hitler told the assembled masses that they were a people with no past, he meant that they had no past following their humiliation in World War I of which to be proud. The Nazis' constant use of classical antiquity—in official speeches, film, state architecture, the press, and state-sponsored festivities—conferred on them the prestige and heritage of Greece and Rome that the modern German people so desperately needed. At the same time, the lessons of antiquity served as a warning: Greece and Rome fell because they were incapable of protecting the purity of their blood against mixing and infiltration. To regain their rightful place in the world, the Nazis had to make all-out war on Germany's enemies, within and without.
Wolf of the Willow
Authors: Kopp Peter A.
Published: May 2017

Hops, the cone of a climbing plant by the same name, are a key ingredient in beer. Brewers use hops to impart flavors and aroma in their malted concoctions, and they value the ingredient’s preservative properties. This chapter explains the global origins and botanical characteristics of the common hop, Humulus lupulus l., used in brewing. It then describes how brewing, and hop agriculture along with it, spread from Europe to temperate regions across the world. Hop growing reached North America along with the early English colonies and fared quite well. By 1800, New York and New England emerged as producers for the global economy.
Lavender and Red
Authors: Hobson Emily K.
Published: May 2017

LGBT activism is often imagined as a self-contained struggle, inspired by but set apart from other social movements. The history of the gay and lesbian left reveals a far different story: a movement whose radicals understood their sexual liberation as interdependent with solidarity against imperialism, war, and racism. The gay and lesbian left was born in the late 1960s but flourished up through the end of the Cold War and the depths of the AIDS epidemic. Its participants argued that anti-imperialism and anti-militarism were necessary to sexual liberation and that sexual liberation was key to revolutionary change. Across the 1970s, gay and lesbian leftists embraced socialist and women of color feminism and organized opposition to U.S. militarism and the New Right. In the Reagan years they challenged U.S. intervention in Central America, collaborated with their peers in Nicaragua, and mentored the first direct action against AIDS. The gay and lesbian left found its center in the San Francisco Bay Area, where it networked queer, radical, and Central American communities. Gay and lesbian leftists built queer politics through radical internationalism and crafted a vision for sexual freedom that moved beyond liberal or neoliberal inclusion in the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Oleson James C.
Published: May 2017

Criminologists estimate the true volume of crime—the “dark figure”—to be approximately four times the size of crime reported in official statistics. Most crime goes unrecorded, and criminologists know far more about the criminal behavior of the poor, uneducated, and young than they do about the crimes of the wealthy, educated, and powerful. Although the criminal genius is a cherished villain in history (e.g., Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, Theodore Kaczynski, and Caryl Chessman), literature (e.g., Raskolnikov, Professor Moriarty, and John Galt), and film (e.g., Hannibal Lecter, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, Dr. Mabuse, and Ozymandias), little is actually known about the crimes of those possessing above-average IQ.
Discussion and Conclusion
Authors: Oleson James C.
Published: May 2017

This chapter reviews the core findings of the study, describes some of its key limitations, and identifies some of its strengths. The chapter also discusses the wider implications of the work. The link between IQ and crime is contentious, because it has fundamental implications for criminal justice and public policy. If IQ is unrelated to crime and everyone has the same propensity to follow or defy the law, crime is a choice and punishment operates as a price for antisocial behavior. But if IQ differences mean that it is harder for some people to follow the law than others, then claims of “equal justice under law” are harder to sustain. And if social interventions cannot change IQ, difficult questions of when and how to absolve defendants of criminal culpability must be confronted.
Jacked Up and Unjust
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

Based on a nine years of ethnographic research, the authors examine multiple inequalities that underscore youth violence. They feature the experiences of inner city as well as rural girls and boys in Hawai‘i who face racism, sexism, poverty, and political neglect in the context of two hundred years of American colonial control in the Pacific. The authors highlight how legacies injustice endure as challenges in the present, prompting teens to fight for dignity and the chance to thrive in America – a nation that the youth described as inherently “jacked up” and “unjust.” While the story begins with the youth battling multiple contingencies, it ends on a hopeful note, as we see many of the teens overcome numerous hardships, often with the help of steadfast, caring adults.
The Caring Adult Role and Youth Research
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

In chapter two, we review our research methods and explain the choices we made considering that the juveniles in this study were a vulnerable population. While we wanted to gain an intimate knowledge of teens’ worldviews and experiences, we did not want to compromise their safety, and this tension determined our roles as we interacted with and conducted research with the teens.
Introduction
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

This chapter sets the tone for the entire book by introducing the discourse on water scarcity and conflict and cooperation and explaining the relevance of the book to that particular discussion/debate. The chapter reviews the literature dealing with water scarcity, conflict and cooperation over water, and identifies a number of factors relevant for understanding this relationship. The chapter also provides a brief description of all chapters in the book.
Emergence of Cooperation under Scarcity and Variability
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

Using a large-n empirical quantitative methodology, this chapter seeks to answer the following question: why are agreements negotiated between some states, or river riparians, and not others and what impacts the level of cooperation measured by these agreements. Using a global dataset of bilateral treaties, this chapter applies an analytical framework that estimates relationships between level of treaty-cooperation and two variations of water scarcity: Water scarcity-quantity and water scarcity-variability. Results suggest that the inverted U-curve relationship between any measure of scarcity and cooperation, which was hypothesized in chapter 2, holds.
Caught Up
Authors: Flores Jerry
Published: May 2017

Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two institutions reveals the accelerated fusion of California schools and institutions of confinement. For example, the connection between both of these sites is a concerted effort between Legacy Community School and El Valle administrators to provide young people with wraparound services. These well-intentioned services are designed to provide youth with support at home, at school and in the actual detention center. However, I argue that wraparound services more closely resemble a phenomenon that I call wraparound incarceration, where students cannot escape the surveillance of formal detention despite leaving the actual detention center. For young people in Legacy school, returning to El Valle became an unavoidable consequence of wraparound services.