bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Optimizing Multi-Energy Multi-Objective Distribution Systems with Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Aneel , Soomro Amir Mahmood , Baloch Mazhar , Chaudhary Sohaib Tahir , Shaikh Muzamil Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Electric vehicles worldwide provide numerous key advantages in the energy sector. They are advantageous over fossil fuel vehicles in many aspects: for example, they consume no fuel, are economical, and only require charging the internal batteries, which power the motor for propulsion. Thus, due to their numerous advantages, research is necessary to improve the technological aspects that can enhance electric vehicles’ overall performance and efficiency. However, electric vehicle charging stations are the key hindrance to their adoption. Charging stations will affect grid stability and may lead to altering different parameters, e.g., power losses and voltage deviation when integrated randomly into the distribution system. The distributed generation, along with charging stations with the best location and size, can be a solution that mitigates the above concerns. Metaheuristic techniques can be used to find the optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations and electric vehicle charging stations. This review provides an exhaustive review of various methods and scientific research previously undertaken to optimize the placement and dimensions of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generation. We summarize the previous work undertaken over the last five years on the multi-objective placement of distributed generations and electric vehicle charging stations. Key areas have focused on optimization techniques, technical parameters, IEEE networks, simulation tools, distributed generation types, and objective functions. Future development trends and current research have been extensively explored, along with potential future advancement and gaps in knowledge. Therefore, at the conclusion of this review, the optimization of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generation presents both the practical and theoretical importance of implementing metaheuristic algorithms in real-world scenarios. In the same way, their practical integration will provide the transportation system with a robust and sustainable solution.
Neonatal hypothermia
Authors:   Maternity Hospital, Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 64, Moscow, Shkondin L. A.
Published: November 2024

Hypothermia in newborns is a violation of heat metabolism, which is accompanied by a decrease in body temperature below 36.4 °C and manifested by multisystem disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systems of the child’s body. Hypothermia occurs when the axillary temperature decreases to less than 36.4 °C in a newborn. It can develop quickly, within 1–2 minutes, with a loss of temperature at a rate of 0.4 °C. It is a serious complication that requires quick and intensive correction; in the absence of necessary medical care, it can lead to irreversible changes, and even death.
Does vascularized adipose tissue enhance nerve regeneration?
Authors: Ioncioaia Bogdan , Coseriu Andrei-Nicolae , Oradan Alex-Victor , Gherman Luciana-Madalina , Gheban Dan
Published: November 2024

Background. The use of adipose tissue in reconstructive procedures has become popular in the last decades due to the adipose tissue properties of stem cells and mechanical protection. In acute nerve lesions, there have been experimental reports on the use of non-vascularised adipose tissue as an adjuvant for nerve recovery but to our knowledge there is no published research that describes the effect of the pedicled vascularised adipose tissue (pVAT) on acute nerve injuries. Therefore we decided to study the effect of pVAT on nerve regeneration when wrapped around an epineurial coaptation site and for a 5 mm defect of the sciatic nerve from the rat.
Methods. The effect of pedicled vascularized adipose tissue (pVAT) on nerve regeneration was studied on the sciatic nerve injury model in twenty-four Wistar rats divided into four groups: epineurial repair; epineurial repair and pVAT; a 5 mm nerve gap bridged by an autograft; a 5 mm nerve gap bridged by a conduit-pVAT (C-pVAT). Automatization injuries, walking track analysis, postoperative extraneural fibrosis and histological analysis were performed three months after the intervention.
Results. Although histological and functional nerve regeneration was present in various degrees in all the studied groups, nerve regeneration was not enhanced by the use of the pVAT or C-pVAT. The harvesting of the pVAT flap caused postoperative fibrosis when used as a conduit. Automutilation was not decreased by the use of the pVAT nor a correlation between automutilation and postoperative fibrosis in the studied groups could be established. The postoperative fibrosis did not influence neural regeneration in the pVAT and autograft group.
Conclusion. Vascularized adipose tissue did not enhance neural regeneration when used as an adjunct procedure for primary nerve repair and or even as a novel conduit for 5 mm nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION, TREATMENT OUTCOMES, AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMAS
Authors: Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Toader Corneliu , Ilie Milena-Monica , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Costin Horia Petre , Glavan Luca-Andrei , Serban Matei , Corlatescu Antonio Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors affecting the vestibulocochlear nerve. This study analyzed the clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of 68 VS cases managed between 2014 and 2023 at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases in Bucharest, Romania.
 
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient demographics, clinical symptoms, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using Python 3.10.
 
Results
The study cohort exhibited a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6, with a median age of 54 years at diagnosis. The most common symptoms were balance and gait disorders (91.8%), and hearing impairment (71.8%). A notable correlation was observed between facial palsy and hearing loss, with 60% of patients experiencing both symptoms simultaneously. Dysphagia was present in 13.3% of cases. The median size of the tumor was 2,5 cm. While hydrocephalus was responsible for visual impairments in some patients, the study challenges the notion that it is the sole cause of these symptoms. The primary treatment method was open surgery (93.3% of cases) through a retrosigmoid approach, with Gamma Knife radiosurgery used in 6.6% of cases as primary treatment method. Following treatment, 24.4% of patients achieved good recovery from facial palsy, while 54.8% continued to experience dysfunction. The overall relapse rate was 14.9%.
 
 
Conclusions
This study provides valuable insights into the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of vestibular schwannomas. The findings support the use of open surgery in most cases, particularly when hydrocephalus is present, while also highlighting the importance of considering personalized treatment approaches. The observed gender disparity and symptom correlations suggest the need for further research into potential genetic and environmental risk factors.
THE OLFACTORY GROOVE MENINGIOMA
Authors: Teleanu Dan-Constantin , Teleanu Daniel-Mihai
Published: November 2024

Objectives
This presentation aims to discuss the surgical approaches for resecting an olfactory groove meningioma in the hope of determining which one is the best.
 
Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) are arachnoid cell neoplasms of the frontoethmoidal suture and lamina cribrosa. Arising along the midline of the anterior fossa, OGMs frequently impinge on the frontal lobes through mass effect. As the growth enlarges, displacement of adjacent brain regions leads to headaches, fatigue, seizures, and intracranial hypertension and most importantly, anosmia. In this presentation, the surgical approaches for resecting this kind of tumour are discussed in hope of determining which one is the best.
 
Surgical approaches to olfactory groove meningiomas vary based on the tumour’s size, location, and relationship to surrounding structures. The choice of surgical approach depends on:
 

a) Tumour size and location - larger or more complex tumours may require extensive transcranial approaches;
b) The surgeon’s expertise;
c) The patient’s health (considering the patient's overall health, recovery expectations, and potential risks).

 
Methods
By conducting a PubMed search of the recent literature (2019-2024) and drawing on the expertise of the Department of Neurosurgery at Bucharest’s Emergency Hospital, we examined the optimal surgical approaches for treating this type of tumor.
 
Results
There are four main methods to consider when confronting an OGM, each one with its advantages and disadvantages.
 

Transcranial Approaches
The Subfrontal Approach (unilateral and bilateral)
Through an Eyebrow supraorbital keyhole craniotomy
The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Through a Pterional (Frontotemporal) Craniotomy
The Extended Bifrontal Approach

 
The key idea that was enhanced in most of the articles throughout our research is that each approach is suited in different circumstances and that, patient selection is one of the most important steps when dealing with an OGM.
 
Conclusions
Ultimately, the surgical approach is tailored to the individual patient’s needs, balancing the goals of complete tumour removal with minimizing risks and preserving neurological function.
Dependência ao exercício físico, transtornos alimentares e insatisfação corporal em atletas de esportes de resistência: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cruz Letícia Maria Cunha da , Neves Clara Mockdece , Paula Isabela Souza de , Ferreira Luana Karoline , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo , Campos Priscila Figueiredo , Hudson Tassiana Aparecida
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A dependência ao exercício físico é caracterizada por um desejo físico de treinamento, que resulta em exercício excessivo incontrolável, com presença de comportamentos obsessivos. Nas últimas décadas, a dependência ao exercício gerou um interesse crescente na comunidade, na compreensão associada a comportamentos compulsivos, como transtornos alimentares e distúrbios da imagem corporal. Objetivo: Identificar e sintetizar estudos sobre a dependência ao exercício físico, transtornos alimentares e insatisfação corporal entre atletas de esportes de resistência. Material e Métodos: Por meio de princípios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA em revisões sistemáticas, foram realizadas buscas de artigos originais em português, inglês e espanhol publicados nas plataformas eletrônicas e bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Psycinfo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Google Scholar. A qualidade dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada usando o JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Dos 1.318 artigos identificados, 16 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Resultados: Dos 16 artigos analisados, 14 apresentaram associações entre dependência ao exercício físico e transtornos alimentares e dois estabeleceram relação entre dependência ao exercício físico e insatisfação corporal. O instrumento mais utilizado para avaliar a dependência ao exercício físico foi a escala de dependência de exercício. Variáveis ​​como baixa disponibilidade energética, identidade atlética, motivação, dependência alimentar, perfeccionismo, satisfação com a vida, solidão, depressão, ortorexia, dismorfia corporal, psicopatia, ansiedade e estresse têm se mostrado fatores de risco ou consequências da dependência ao exercício físico, insatisfação com a imagem corporal e transtornos alimentares. Conclusão: Há correlação positiva entre as variáveis dependência ao exercício físico, transtornos alimentares e insatisfação corporal em atletas de esportes de resistência. Entretanto, fatores como: modalidade praticada, sexo, faixa etária, instrumentos utilizados e nível de desempenho podem interferir para que haja resultados diferenciados.
What Does Employee Silence Mean? the Role of Organizational Climate and Burnout
Authors: Duarte Márcia , Conceição Oscarina , Pinto Sónia
Published: November 2024

The avoidance of employees to express and share their ideas and opinions about organizational issues leads to the multidimensional concept of employee silence.  From an organizational perspective, it is necessary to take in consideration that individuals tend to remain silent about situations that are less positive in the organization. But silence is not just the absence of voice or communication. Silence prevents individuals from carrying out their work in the most appropriate way, can act as a barrier to organizational change and can influence the employee well-being. Acquiescent silence is the retention of information considered relevant, based on resignation and submission (passive retention) and quiescent silence comes from fear of the negative consequences from sharing information, being used as a form of self-protection. Prosocial silence is related to altruistic motives and opportunistic silence is used to obtain personal advantages. It becomes relevant to determine the factors associated with this silence and what are the implications of employee silence on employee well-being. Thus, the objectives of this study are i) to study the of employee silence motives, ii) to understand whether two of the dimensions of the authentizotic organizational climate (leader´s trust and credibility and opportunities for learning and personal development) are antecedents of employee silence and iii) to study the consequences of employee silence motives on burnout. A quantitative study is conducted, using a questionnaire survey applied to a sample of 222 individuals, working in different portuguese organizations. The confirmatory factor analysis identifies four employee silence motives. The regression analyses highlighted that authentizotic psychological climate dimensions, namely learning and personal development opportunities, were predictors of the three dimensions of employee silence: quiescent silence, aquiescent silence and opportunistic silence. Regarding the impact of employees’ silence on burnout, aquiescent silence stood out as the main predictor of different burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization. Finally, it can be concluded that acquiescent silence seems to stand out as the silence variable most explained by authentizotic organizational climate and the one that most explains the appearance of burnout. The findings can be used by human resources managers.
When Supervision is Abusive: What Explains it and What are the Consequences?
Authors: Fernandes Ana Raquel , Duarte Márcia , Basto Mário
Published: November 2024

Currently, people spend most of their daytime at work, therefore, it is essential that organisations offer their employees benefits that go beyond the salary, because people value their psychological well-being, which contributes to the quality of life in the workplace and a good work life balance. It is also important to note that interpersonal relationships at work are significant when it comes to organisational well-being. Relationships between subordinates and supervisors must be healthier and trustable relationships. When the opposite occurs, we are faced with abusive supervision with a negative influence on employees' well-being. This study focus on the relationship between supervisors and subordinates. In order to analyse the impact of a supervisor's attitudes on the relationship with their subordinates, it matters to understand that these attitudes are influenced by their personality traits. The aim of this study is to realise how different personality traits of the supervisor, namely those related to the dark triad, contribute to the development of abusive supervision that will affect the employees’ psychological well-being at work. To develop this study, a survey was applied to a sample of 232 employees from different Portuguese organisations, to measure the dark triad, abusive supervision and psychological well-being at work, respectively. After analysing the results using structural equations, it was possible to conclude that psychopathy and machiavellianism, which are two of the dark triad concepts, influence the supervisor's behavior, and further lead to an abusive supervision. Abusive supervision negatively influences the employees’ psychological well-being at work. The greater the abusive supervision, the greater the negative emotions felt by employees at the workplace, and therefore, the employees’ psychological well-being is lower. This study also highlighted differences in the way men and women perceive abusive supervision, concluding that, although men perceive more abusive supervision than women, they present fewer negative emotions than women. Finally, some conclusions, limitations and possible future research were drawn.
On the Byzantine Folklore
Authors: Schreiner Peter
Published: November 2024

Although the history of Byzantine civilization exists as a discipline scientific and academic for a century, there is until now no study that is explicitly dedicated to folklore, ie the basis of popular culture and in search of material and intellectual foundations of all the manifestations of the people. In vain we look for such an article in the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium and the Lexikon of the Mittelalters. They mention, of course, certain sub-disciplines such as medicine popular or popular piety, but we do not find an article of character General. The fundamental work of Phédon Koukoulès on Life and civilization of Byzantines contains a lot of individual documentation in this sector but its purpose is not a history of popular culture across centuries.
Crisis Prevention and Foreign Policy
Authors: Maaß Kurt-Jürgen
Published: November 2024

In Entwicklungsprozessen von Gesellschaften sind Konflikte unvermeidbar. Unsere eigene Geschichte der letzten Jahrhunderte gibt davon ein beredtes Zeugnis. Die Transformation ganzer Länder und Gesellschaften führt zwangsläufig zu Spannungen, erst recht, wenn damit ein völliger Systemwechsel verbunden ist. Es geht um Macht, Beteiligung und Lebenschancen, um die Definition künftig geltender Wertvorstellungen, um den Ausgleich unterschiedlicher Interessen.
Ethnic Minorities at the Lower Danube and the Soviet Ultimatum (August 23, 1939 - June 28, 1939)
Authors: Negru Leontin
Published: November 2024

In August 23, 1939 Joachim von Ribbentrop and Veaceslav Molotov signed in Moscow a German-Soviet nonaggression treaty which had that USSR must to annex Bessarabia. In this situation the problem of the ethnic minorities living on the territory between Prut and Nistru rivers became a part of the Soviet-Romanian conflict. USSR used the minority population in the region as a device in its military and political aggressive operations. The hostility of the ethnic minorities in Bessarabia and especially that of the Jews was used by the Romanian authorities to distract attention of the public opinion from the incapacity of King Carol the II-nd government to oppose the Soviet aggression under specific circumstances: diplomatic isolation of Romania. The hostile action of the communist Jews created in that period the image of the "Bolshevik Jew" loyal to the interests of Moscow. This general image was the basis of the anti-Jews pogroms in the Romanian Kingdom and Bessarabia after June 22, 1941.
The Danube Mouths in Medieval Portulans
Authors: Kustova Galina
Published: November 2024

Interpretation of ancient geographical maps is quite a challenge. Sometimes it requires efforts of several generations of explorers, including erudite and professional historians and geographers. Currently, there are few different opinions about ancient maps as sources of valuable scientific information. The author of fundamental work on geomorphology of delta of Danube, Romanian researcher I. G. Petresku was rather skeptical about them: «the maps put together during medieval obscurantism are so fantastic and lack scientific content so much that they do not deserve to be even mentioned at the description of delta of Danube» On the other hand, Ukrainian historian I. T. Chernyakov has voiced an opinion that the map “Valahia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania” in the atlas published by G. Merkator in Duisburg, 1589, contains a “plausible sea coast line between Dnestr and Danube”
The Nobility of the Bessarabian Gubernia: Territorial, Historical-legal and Social Peculiarities of Its Formation (the First Part of the 19th Century)
Authors: Tsiganenko L. F.
Published: November 2024

The necessity of a complex and politically unprejudiced investigation of the history of the Bessarabian nobility is dictated by the peculiarities of the present period in the development of the home historical science and defined with the tendencies of reformation of the Ukrainian society. The elements of structural formation, the main outlines, conditions and the circumstances of development of Bessarabia, the peculiarities of its placing, numbers, business, cultural-educational and public activities are investigated. In this paper The policy of the tsar’s power concerning the Bessarabian nobility, the process of integration of the Moldovian boyars in the Russian aristocracy are also analysed. The basic points are the legislative registration of the nobility as an elite group in a definite regional society, the formation and development of its corporative institutions, the evolution of the nobility’s land-ownership, taking part in the leadership of the country in different degrees of the government structures, the creation of a corporative organization, taking into consideration the specific characters of the concrete-historical conditions of the development of Bessarabia.
The ‘Consumer City’ Once Again Revisited
Authors: Ziche Hartmut
Published: November 2024

The Weberian concept which has had the greatest influence on the study of ancient economic history is probably the consumer city. The concept is useful for understanding the development of urbanism in preindustrial societies like the Roman empire, because it shows how large cities can develop without having the economic potential inside the city boundaries to sustain their own population. The concept thus allows to escape simplistic arguments that urbanisation in itself proves the sophistication, even the modernism of the Roman economy. Consideration of Weber’s consumer city ideal-type shows that for the development of this type of city a given society needs social and political, but not necessarily economic sophistication.
The Privateers of the French Antilles and Cartagene (1696 to 1740)
Authors: Saunier Annie
Published: November 2024

Using source material from the departmental archives of Martinique, mostly part of the “Correspondance Générale”, we are going to discuss the activities of the privateers and their contribution to the interventionist military policy of France against the Spanish possessions on the Main, especially against the port of Cartagena of the Indies. We will try to shed some light on their often complex situation at those points in time when alliances change or when treaties are signed in Europe, news of which reaching the islands of the Caribbean only late. This is a situation giving rise to rumours convenient for opportunistic or marginal activities. We are going to ask to what extent these men of various origins serve the diplomatic intentions of the French monarchy, the ambitions of governors and local administrators, the specific interests of the colonists, and, of course, the interests of their own enrichment. When, due to their activities which are sometimes difficult to control, do these men become inconvenient to the central government? Or, on the other hand, how can their suppression still serve the aims of official policy? How is the uncertainty of their condition reflected in their various labels? There are corsairs who have official status and are publicly recognised, privateers and buccaneers who are tolerated, marauders who are disavowed and condemned, but there are also slaver captains who are simple merchants. What sort of personalities do emerge among these men? Some of them integrate local society and become honoured and admired, others however are denounced and hanged. To what extent do some of them, victims of international policy, to which they are mere pawns, pass from one type of status to another, be it due to the passage of time or reasons of state?
Romania and the Neutralization of the Danube (September 1939 – June 1940)
Authors: Tuluş Arthur
Published: November 2024

After the beginning of WWII, the neutral riparian states tried ant to a great extent managed, but only until June 1940, to keep the Danube outside the world conflagration. In this sense, Romania played a key-role, as the Romanian authorities controlled the Danube Mouths region, and together with Yugoslavia, the Iron Gates, the only vulnerable sectors of the river in the context of the sabotage actions attempted by the two belligerent sides. The desire of the Danubian states, which were still not involved in the world war, to impose a regime of severe neutrality on the river was materialized in the resolution adopted at Belgrade by the members of the International Commission of the Danube (April 17, 1940); the decision was extended, following the unanimous vote of the members of the European Commission of the Danube, up to the Black Sea. From a different point of view, the neutrality did not mean the suppression of the international regime of navigation. Despite all these, the measures adopted by the riparian states also had a certain role of offering privileges and securing their own fleets on the river, by not granting the same advantages to the ships of the belligerent states (this being contrary to the principle of equal treatment for all flags).
The Echoes of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej’s Cult of Personality in the Media (1945-1965)
Authors: Neagoe-Pleşa Elis
Published: November 2024

The cult of personality is an essential component of the communist regime. If the elements of Nicolae Ceausescu’s cult of personality are wellknown, this kind of researches about Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej is still at the beginning. The author analyses, based on the elements found in the press of the time, the genesis of Dej’s cult of personality, its ideological content, and the ways in which the communist leader knew how to use it.
The Beginnings of the Roman Fleet. 509-264 B.C.
Authors: Nedu Decebal
Published: November 2024

By the starting years of the First Punic War, the accounts of the ancient literary tradition about Rome’s involvement in maritime affairs are scarce and lack the necessary clarity. The first two Roman-Carthaginian treaties from 509 and 348 B.C. mention navigation bans for the Roman ships; however it is very likely for the two agreements to refer to the trading vessels. The year 311 B.C. records the official foundation of the Roman naval force by the establishment of a double naval magistracy, duumviri navales. This bright start has not led to a remarkable development of the Roman fleet. A squadron of 20 ships sent by the Romans in the Ionian See was destroyed by the Tarentine fleet in 282 B.C. In 278 B.C., through the provisions of the forth Roman-Carthaginian treaty, it was set that Rome was to receive naval aid from its contrahent from the North Africa Coast. Entered into within the context of the war against Tarentum and the king Pyrrhus of Epirus, this agreement is a proof of the low development of the Roman military navy at the end of the 4th century B.C. and during the first decades of the following century.
Constantine the Great and Rausimodus, Sarmatarum Rex
Authors: Dsigovskiy O.
Published: November 2024

The author starts from a paragraph in Zosimos’s “New History”, which describes the battle between Constantine the Great and the Sarmatians led by their king, Rausimodus, somewhere close to the Danube. V. M. Zubar has put this event in relation to information given by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus about an expedition of Constantine the Great against a rebellion in Scythia, but dated the event in the year 322. The author offers arguments, both from written sources and from archaeological evidences, which support Zubar’s thesis, but corrects the chronology and dates the war which took place in the province of Scythia in the year 324.
Alexander the Great – A Literary Interpretation
Authors: Lica Vasile
Published: November 2024

The posterity of the great Macedonian in the Romanian culture is a doubtless presence, and so is the Alexandermotive in the Romanian literature. If the important presence of Alexander with Mihail Sadoveanu, the founder of the Romanian historic novel, does not come as a surprise, the presence of the Macedonian king is quite strange with Mihail Sebastian, a writer significantly different in terms of background, ideas and style.
The Utilitarian-Household Enlargements of the Nobiliary Residences from the Romanian Countries (14th-16th centuries)
Authors: Apetrei Cristian Nicolae
Published: November 2024

The paper tries to reconstruct, from a functional and constructive point of view, the structure of the utilitarian–household enlargements found in the ensemble of the Romanian nobiliary residences. Studied from an analytic perspective, this type of constructions proved to be very diverse from a functional point of view. It contains kitchens, stables, storage places, houses for the personnel and different industrial installations. In the majority of cases, the information on these enlargements comes from written sources, which very rarely insist on the constructive details. The archaeological researches can provide us with much more information, but the number of sites which offered significant data in this sense is yet rather limited. Nevertheless, the few cases investigated so far have allowed the author to outline a few constructive features for each of the utilitarian-household enlargements.
Several Causes regarding the Association to the Throne in Wallachia and Moldavia (14th-16th Centuries)
Authors: Ilie Liviu Marius
Published: November 2024

In medieval Wallachia and Moldavia, the association to the throne had mainly two causes: the nomination of the successor to the throne and the division of the princely prerogatives between two persons. The two countries confronted with an absence of a clear modality for the throne succession; during his life, the ruling prince chose a son or a brother who was to become the new prince of the country and associated him to his throne. Another motivation for the association to the throne in the Romanian medieval space was the change of the dynasty. The second important cause, which was met either at the beginning of the state or later was determined by the necessity of dividing the princely prerogatives; the co-sovereign was involved in the inner policy, but sometimes he could take part in the foreign policy as well. Sometimes the association could appear as a result of certain inner fights for the throne, as it happened in Moldavia between 1432 and 1457. The circulation of religious books, which described their association in other medieval countries, could also influence the spread of this institution in Wallachia and Moldavia.
The Danube Question during the Paris Peace Conference and the Immediately Subsequent Period
Authors: Tuluș Arthur
Published: November 2024

At the establishment of the Versailles system, Romania found itself in a double hypostasis. In the first place, the Romanian authorities defended the rights of the riparian states against the intention of the victorious Great Powers to increase their political, economic and commercial influence at the expense of their enemies. As the defeated countries were, except for Turkey, Danubian states, it is obvious that France, Great Britain and Italy wanted to secure themselves even more advantageous positions on the Danube at the expense of the territorial sovereign authorities. The disputes were related to the fluvial sector of the Danube and reached the climax during the conference for the completion of the River statute, held at Paris in the periods August 2 – November 16, 1920 and April 5 – July 21, 1921. In the second place, Romania firmly supported the internationalisation of the waterways and the preservation of the forms of international control, as the revisionist potential of the fluvial basin was not negligible; another factor of risk was the Soviet Union, the totalitarian communist state which was removed on the Dniester River. Unfortunately, Romania’s struggle for the international recognition of the Great Union determined a decrease in the intensity with which it supported its requests regarding the Danube. Romania’s pre-war problems related to the Maritime Danube were not solved by the Versailles system, the justice being on Romania’s side, as it “came, according to the Romanian jurist George Sofronie, from the hurt sovereignty of a territorial state, within which there was now a virtual fluvial state”.
The Oath-Taking in front of the “Democratic People’s” State by the Representatives of the Religious Cults from Romania (1948)
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

After the complete takeover of political power, the communist authorities launched, at the beginning of 1948, an ample plan aiming at restructuring the Romanian society. The religious cults in Romania were among the domains considered as top priorities for this change. In the first phase, they had to become subordinated to the new political authorities, so as to avoid their being attracted in anti-communist actions. The first step was, with the significance of a loyalty test, to request to the representatives of the religious cult to take the fidelity oath towards the new regime. As numerous legends and speculations existed around this fact, the author refers, on the basis of unpublished documents, to this event and its true significance.
Contribution to the Study of the Local Law Applied to the Customary Court of Mbe (Northern Cameroon): the Case of the Rural Conflicts among the Dii
Authors: Takou Théodore
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses the regulations and consequences of the social conflicts (marital disputes, debts, witchcraft and land disputes) which are considered at the Customary Court of Mbe, in the regions of the Dii population in northern Cameroon. As demonstrated in this brief study, in many cases the Dii customs have been preserved in the Cameroonian secular law of western inspiration. A major observation emerges from this study: the cases submitted to the Customary Court of MBE are indicative of the orientation of their values: matrimonial independence of the woman; monetization of the economy; the education and dissemination of European cultural models have profoundly altered the social relationships in these traditional rural communities.
The Tatar Confessional Policy on the Romanian Territory between the 13th and the 14th centuries
Authors: Rugină Costel Vicenţiu
Published: November 2024

The hereby study aims at synthesizing the distinctive features of the Tatar confessional policy in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, when they have governed, among others, the extra-Carpathian Romanian territory. By focusing upon the general features of the Tatar leaders’ confessional policies, the author outlines the extremely important geopolitical perspective conferred to religion in the aforementioned complex context, when the Romanian territory was sought after by various military forces, such as the Hungarian Kingdom or the Italian Maritime Republics, as well as other orthodox powers (the Byzantine Empire and several Bulgarian political entities). All these elements allow for a better understanding of the forces that shaped the Romanian nation in this respective period and also lead to the formulation of a better explanation of the conditions having led to the formation of the Romanian states and the organization of their church in the second half of the 14th century.
The Monachism in Dobrogea from the 19th century to 1918
Authors: Drăgoi Eugen
Published: November 2024

In Dobrogea, the development of spiritual life soared at the beginning of the 19th century, after having undergone for centuries the Ottoman oppression. As the Ottoman authorities became more and more tolerant in their relations with the needs of their Christian subjects, as a last attempt at keeping the empire united, several churches were built, which are to become spiritual centers of the utmost importance. After Dobrogea was given back to Romanian in 1878, the monasteries and churches on its territory were annexed to the Romanian Orthodox Church and thus begun to soar. The hereby study with monographic accents aims at presenting the historical context of the Dobrogea monachism’s development from the beginning of the 19th century to 1918, identifying and describing the evolution of religious edifices, among which the most notable are the Cocoş, Saon and Celic Dere monasteries.
Forms of Communist Propaganda during Election campaigns in 1946-1948. Cluj County Case Study
Authors: Cozma Ioana Maria
Published: November 2024

Since its first days of existence in the Soviet Union, one of the top priorities of the new communist regime was to create a new man, as part of a larger process of reevaluation of all values, necessary in order to create a brand new world. To accomplish this task, the Communist Party used on a massive scale, for the first time in world history, the instrument of the propaganda. In Romania, a country in which the process of stalinisation started on the 6th of March 1945, the first post-war elections offered a good opportunity for the communist propaganda machine to test its effectiveness, taking into consideration the consequences of the results of these elections for the Romanian Communist Party. This article explores the problems, results and ways of action and manifestation of the then-borning communist propaganda, with the occasion of the first two general elections in Romania after the Second World War.
The “Cult” Issues Related Missions of the Romanian Secret Service at the Beginning of the Communist Regime
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

The main elements of the communist state’s religious policy were determined, of course, by the party’s elite leaders. These major elements were formed by a considerable array of particular elements, further distributed to the various institutions of the repressive system. In the communist state mechanism, the secret service was supposed to deal with the kind of issues all other institutions failed at solving and proved powerless. In most of the cases, these issues involved people who insisted on freely expressing their religious beliefs. As such people were considered to be real threats for the regime, they had to be forced to rethink their beliefs, while not compromising the apparent freedom of religious choice communist Romania declared to support. For this very reason, the secret service resorted to measures such as intimidation, physical violence or fake trials. Taking into account the “special” feature of the secret service’s actions in the “Cults” related issues, the officers in service were required to have a particular profile and most importantly, to be completely atheistic.
The Destiny in the Tomitan Funerary Poetry
Authors: Dobre Angela Anca
Published: November 2024

The destiny is a favorite topic in the Greek and Latin mythology, which defines it as a divine independent body, superior to all deities of the Panthenon, „dictating” the facts even to Zeus. The Greek theatre illustrates the best the relationship between destiny and the individual freedom (to see the Greek drama authors: Eschil, Sophocle, Euripide). The Romans believed as well in Destiny seeing him as a personal genius, supreme judge of everyone’s life. The Greek colony and then the metropolis of the Left Pont, Tomis was perfectly framed into the Greek philosophical-religious system, Hellenistic, and then into the Roman one. We see how people of Tomis were „related” to the Destiny from the numerous funerary epigrams still preserved. All talk about the implacable destiny, about the existence of life after death reflecting the philosophical ideas was processed by the folk reflection of those who conceived them. The most impressive are those written for those dead too early and expressed the parents’ grief and helplessness in front of the faith. The funerary epigrams are inestimable sources for understanding the way of thinking, the philosophical and religious ideas of the ancient Tomis inhabitants.
The Novel of Alexander and the Model of the Ideal Hero in Medieval Russia
Authors: Constandachi Alexandru
Published: November 2024

In medieval Russia, the image of the ideal hero, embodied in the person of the Prince, is implied, according to the Novel of Alexander, by the glorification of the Macedonian king. A number of battle-scenes included in the Novel of Alexander are echoed in Russian medieval heroic stories of a later date. The parallel between Alexander’s name and that of the hero of Neva, as well as the presence of plastic images of the Macedonian conqueror in the Orthodox cathedrals of Vladimir are some aspects that show as clear as possible the correspondence between the image of the medieval Russian hero and the personality of Alexander the Great. The use of the heroic image of a fearless king, in order to strengthen the political power of Russian military and cultural centers, reveals the ideological importance of Alexander in the centralization of the medieval Russian state.
Life in the Trenches during World War I (1914-1918)
Authors: Stan Constantin I
Published: November 2024

The paper describes, on the basis of extremely diverse autobiographical accounts, the daily life in the trenches during World War I. The author refers to the general conditions of living, from the food eaten to pastime activities, with remarks on the sanitary situation of the soldiers and their solutions to resist the terrors of the conflict.
The Negotiations between Rome and Apollonia in 266/264 B.C
Authors: Nedu Decebal
Published: November 2024

According to Livy, Valerius Maximus and Zonaras, between the years 266-264 B.C., an embassy sent by Apollonia visited Rome. Most probably, the contact between Rome and Apollonia led to the conclusion of an economic agreement. Moreover, it seems likely that the treaty might have included clauses pertaining to the protection of the Greek and Italic traders against the pirates from the Adriatic Sea.
Sûkşma and Bandhutâ as Subtle Visions of the World. Their Origins and Their Projections in the Actual Vision of the World
Authors: Cattedra Olivia
Published: November 2024

The notions of sûkşma and bandhutâ belong to the realm of the subtle world, implicit in the ancient Tribhuvana of the Vedas. This realm, as far as the subtle forms that constitute it, is analogue to the Platonic World of Ideas. The value of this ancient Indian vision for the modern man is that it gives us the inspiration to discuss some problems that have remained unsolved. The understanding of the unity of life in its essence, the notion of vertical causality, the notion of energy as well as the implications of the interdependence of phenomenal world, are critical for the worldview of the modern man, who has become dangerous for himself and self-destructive, as far as he has forgotten and disregarded the existence of his soul, its nature and its needs. In the historical context of the contemporary world, the human being has obliterated the cosmic being: hiraņyagarbha, jîvaghana.
Situations Regarding the Alteration of the Interethnic Communication in the 17th Century in the Romanian Principalities
Authors: Alexandrache Carmen
Published: November 2024

Interethnic communication is an essential objective of the contemporary world and cultural dialogue is its main component. Ignoring and not respecting the cultural codes, neglecting religious beliefs are some conditions that affect interethnic relations. These situations were valid for the Romanian society in the 17th century. Our study aims at highlighting these situations based on the notes of foreign travellers.Many of them have generated animosity between states, and others have influenced perception and judging Others. They were very close to becoming the cause conflicts, isolation and tension between states. Our observations demonstrate that these situations do not differ radically from current realities.
A Short Presentation of the Rural People’s Banks in Covurlui County in Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Panait Marius
Published: November 2024

This paper refers to the conditions of the rural communes that constituted the Covurlui County, in southern Moldavia, at the end of the 19th and in early 20th centuries. After shortly mentioning all administrative subunits and the local developments during the 1907 peasants’ uprising, the author contends that the small number of popular banks, as compared to the neighbouring county of Brăila, is to be related to the economic activities specific to the area, where animal breeding was more important than land cultivation.
The Attitude of Exiled Romanians Regarding the Peace of Buftea – Bucharest (24 April / 7 May 1918)
Authors: Stan Constantin I.
Published: November 2024

In the spring of 1918, after difficult peace talks, the treaty between Romania and the Central Powers was signed at Buftea, close to Bucharest, on 24 April / 7 May 1918. The conditions were extremely harsh, and Romania became a veritable semi-colony of Germany and her allies, losing both parts of the national territory and important material resources. Romanian and foreign statesmen, as well as the international press and public opinion ascertained the enslaving character of the Buftea – Bucharest treaty. This paper presents the response of the Romanians settled abroad or exiled regarding the treaty of Buftea – Bucharest and their efforts to convince the international diplomatic circles that the Romanians continued to support the same national desiderata that determined the government in Bucharest to declare war against Austria-Hungary in 1916.
Marshal Antonescu's Bonapartism in Bessarabia and Bukovina
Authors: Moraru Pavel
Published: November 2024

An aspect of Marshall Antonescu’s political regime has been overlooked so far by the historians: the consultation of the population through referendum, in order to obtain its support for the implementation of the political projects. Such consultations – two in number – took place during the 1941 (after the rebellion of the Iron Guard in January 1941 and after the return of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Romanian fatherland), when the politics imposed by the new historical circumstances had to be validated by a popular vote. This study aims to describe these two consultations of the Romanian people through referendum.These were the only two referendums organized by Marshall Antonescu’s regime. Afterwards, during the years 1941-1944, the leaders in power took for granted the popular consent to the political actions accomplished by the government.
Christian Life in Communist Prisons in Romania. Case Study: Valeriu Gafencu
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

The study aims to highlight the role played by Christian faith in the life of political prisoners in Communist Romania during 1945-1964. Our interest will focus on those "spiritual groups" which were formed in prisons and I mention here only the one led by the young Valeriu Gafencu, who died in prison.These groups of prisoners were able, through Christian faith, to resist and preserve national and spiritual values that the Communists wanted to destroy.Through solidarity, these people have managed to save their own memory and thereby their personal and national identity. Those who survived and left the prison wrote their memories in order to keep alive for the next generations what happened in communist prisons.Some of these books have a strong message, talking about faith, solidarity, spiritual and national identity. One of the most famous books is “Return to Christ”, written by Ioan Ianolide, one of Valeriu Gafencu’s disciples. Therefore, the second objective of our study is to put in evidence the destiny of this work in the consciousness of the contemporary Romanian society.