bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of a New Strain of DENV-2 in South America: Introduction of the Cosmopolitan Genotype through the Brazilian-Peruvian Border
Authors: Amorim Murilo Tavares , Hernández Leonardo H. Almeida , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Essashika Prazeres Ivy Tsuya , Wanzeller Ana Lucia Monteiro , Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto da , Casseb Livia M. Neves , Silva Fábio Silva da , da Silva Sandro Patroca , Nunes Bruno Tardelli Diniz , Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro
Published: June 2023

Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) seriously contributes to dengue-related mortality. It includes five nonsylvatic genotypes, with cosmopolitan being the most widespread with a significant contribution to the total number of DENV-2 cases globally. In South America, the cosmopolitan genotype was first recorded in 2019 in Madre de Dios, Peru, and then in Goiás (Midwest Brazil) in November 2021. In this study, we tested 163 human serum samples from Acre (Northern Brazil) collected during a DENV outbreak between 2020 and 2021 for all DENV genotypes by RT-qPCR. Of the 163 samples, 139 were positive for DENV-2, and 5 were positive for DENV-1. Five DENV-2-positive samples from early 2021 were sequenced, and the sequences clustered with the three other DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype sequences already recorded on the continent. These results create a geographical link, suggesting the possible route of introduction of the DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype into Brazil through the border with Peru, from which it may have dispersed to Midwest Brazil.
Evaluation of an Online Training Program on COVID-19 for Health Workers in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Mohamed Yasmin , Hezeri Priscah , Kama Hinabokiole , Mills Kate , Walker Shelley , Hau’ofa Norah , Amol Carmellina , Jones Madi , du Cros Philipp , Lin Yi Dan
Published: June 2023

Background: Health worker training is an important component of a holistic outbreak response, and travel restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the potential of virtual training. Evaluation of training activities is essential for understanding the effectiveness of a training program on knowledge and clinical practice. We conducted an evaluation of the online COVID-19 Healthcare E-Learning Platform (CoHELP) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to assess its effectiveness, measure engagement and completion rates, and determine barriers and enablers to implementation, in order to inform policy and practice for future training in resource-limited settings. Methods: The evaluation team conducted a mixed methods evaluation consisting of pre- and post-knowledge quizzes; quantification of engagement with the online platform; post-training surveys; qualitative interviews with training participants, non-participants, and key informants; and audits of six health facilities. Results: A total of 364 participants from PNG signed up to participate in the CoHELP online training platform, with 41% (147/360) completing at least one module. Of the 24 participants who completed the post-training survey, 92% (22/24) would recommend the program to others and 79% (19/24) had used the knowledge or skills gained through CoHELP in their clinical practice. Qualitative interviews found that a lack of time and infrastructural challenges were common barriers to accessing online training, and participants appreciated the flexibility of online, self-paced learning. Conclusions: Initially high registration numbers did not translate to ongoing engagement with the CoHELP online platform, particularly for completion of evaluation activities. Overall, the CoHELP program received positive feedback from participants involved in the evaluation, highlighting the potential for further online training courses in PNG.
SN 2017fzw: A Fast-Expanding Type Ia Supernova with Transitional Features
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Li Yangyang , Zeng Xiangyun , Zheng Sheng , Bird Sarah A. , Zhang Jujia , Esamdin Ali , Iskandar Abdusamatjan , Bostroem K. Azaleee , Zeng Shuguang , Xiao Yanshan , Huang Yao , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Li Wenxiong , Zhang Tianmeng , Wang Lifan , Hu Lei
Published: June 2023

In this study, we analyzed the optical observations of a subluminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2017fzw, which exhibited high photospheric velocity (HV) at B-band maximum light. The absolute B-band peak magnitude was determined to be MmaxB=−18.65±0.13 mag, similar to 91bg-like SNe Ia. An estimation of the rate of decline for the B-band light curve was determined to be Δm15(B)=1.60±0.06 mag. The spectra of SN 2017fzw were similar to those of 91bg-like SNe Ia, with prominent Ti ii and Si ii λ5972 features at early phases, gradually transitioning to spectra resembling normal (mainly HV subclass) SNe Ia at later phases, with a stronger Ca ii NIR feature. Notably, throughout all phases of observation, SN 2017fzw displayed spectral evolution characteristics that were comparable to those of HV SNe Ia, and at peak brightness, the Si ii λ6355 velocity was determined to be 13,800 ± 415 km s−1 and a more pronounced Ca ii NIR feature was also detected. Based on these findings, we classify SN 2017fzw as a transitional object with properties of both normal and 91bg-like SNe Ia, providing support for the hypothesis of a continuous distribution of supernovae between these two groups.
COVID-19 Vaccination Personas in Syria: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Nikoloski Zlatko , Aliyev Elnur , Bain Robert E. S. , Menchini Leonardo , Hegazi Sahar , Zalkha Mai , Mouawad Shaza , Kapil Neha , Gillespie Amaya M.
Published: June 2023

Achieving a high level of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a conflict-affected setting is challenging. The objective of this paper is to shed further light on the main determinants of vaccination coverage using a large, cross-sectional sample (October–November 2022) of over 17,000 adults in Syria. We find evidence that certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics describe a core set of vaccination personas. Men, older respondents, and those who are more educated and trust information received from healthcare authorities are more likely to be vaccinated. Healthcare workers in this sample are highly vaccinated. Furthermore, respondents with more positive views towards COVID-19 vaccines are also more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. By contrast, respondents who believe that vaccines are associated with significant side effects are also more likely to refuse vaccination. In addition, younger respondents and women, as well as those with a lower level of education, are more likely to refuse to be vaccinated. Respondents with a neutral attitude towards vaccines are also more likely to be undecided, whereas respondents who are refusing to get vaccinated are more likely to trust the information received from private doctors, private clinics, as well as social media and, more broadly, the internet.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Melanoma Treated with Vaccinations Research from 2013 to 2023: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Jia Qian-Nan , Wu Mengyin , Liu Mingjuan , Li Jun
Published: June 2023

Backgrounds: Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes and is known for its aggressive behavior and high metastatic potential. In recent years, vaccine therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of melanoma, offering targeted and individualized immunotherapy options. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to assess the global research trends and impact of publications related to melanoma and vaccine therapy. Methods: We retrieved relevant literature from the Web of Science database from the past decade (2013–2023) using keywords such as “melanoma”, “vaccine therapy”, and “cancer vaccines”. We used bibliometric indicators including publication trends, citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, and journal analysis to evaluate the research landscape of this field. Results: After screening, a total of 493 publications were included in the analysis. We found that melanoma and vaccine therapy have gained significant attention in the field of cancer immunotherapy, as evidenced by the numerous research output and increasing citation impact. The United States, China, and their organizations are the leading countries/institutes in terms of publication output, and collaborative research networks are prominent in this field. Clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vaccination treatment in melanoma patients are the focus of research. Conclusions: This study provide valuable insights into the novel research landscape of vaccine treatment of melanoma, which could inform future research directions and facilitate knowledge exchange among researchers in this field.
The Pharmacokinetic and Absolute Bioavailability of Cyclosporine (Atopica for Cats®) in Cats
Authors: Kong Jingyuan , Yang Yuxin , Liu Yu , Cao Yuying , Qiu Jicheng , Sun Pan , Cao Xingyuan
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of cyclosporine in cats by investigating the pharmacokinetic profile after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Twenty-four clinically healthy cats were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into four groups, namely the intravenous group (3 mg/kg), low oral group (3.5 mg/kg), medium oral group (7 mg/kg), and high oral group (14 mg/kg). Whole blood was obtained at the scheduled time points after a single dose administration and cyclosporine was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology (UPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin 8.3.4 software via compartmental and non-compartmental models. As a result, the bioavailability values for the low, medium, and high oral groups were 14.64%, 36.98%, and 13.53%, respectively. The nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile was observed in the range from 3.5 mg/kg to 14 mg/kg in cats following oral administration. Whole blood concentrations taken 4 h after oral administration were better correlated with the area under the blood concentration–time curve AUC0–24 with a high regression coefficient (R2 = 0.896). This concentration would be a greater predictor in the following therapeutic drug monitoring. No adverse effect was observed in the whole study process.
Effectiveness Evaluation of Viti’s vinifera Leaf Extract on the Viability of Echinococcus Eggs and Protoscolices In Vitro
Authors: Mares Mohammed M. , Al-Quraishy Saleh , Murshed Mutee
Published: June 2023

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus. Globally, it is one of the most central helminthic diseases. Surgery remains the method of choice to remove cystic Echinococcus. Various sporicidal agents have been used to invalidate the substances in hydatid cysts. Nevertheless, many sporicidal agents cause inflammation and can cause side complications, so their use should be limited. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitis vinifera leaf methanolic extract as a sporicidal agent for Echinococcus eggs and protoscolices and determines the best concentration. The mortality and viability of protoscolices were measured in samples exposed to four concentrations of V. vinifera leaf extract (VVLE) (5, 10, 30, and 50 mg/mL) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and in eggs exposed to three concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. An infrared spectroscopy chemical test was conducted to assess the presence of numerous expected active components in the extract. The viability of eggs and protoscolices was confirmed using 0.1% eosin staining. Vinifera leaf extract exhibited the decisive sporicidal effect at 100%, 91%, 60%, and 41% after 30 min at concentrations of 50, 30, 10, and 5 mg/mL, and in eggs at 11% and 19% after 24 and 48 h at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, respectively. Increased incubation times and higher dosages often increase mortality. The results exhibited that V. vinifera is effective. This study confirmed that grape leaf extract has high sporicidal activity in vitro. However, more studies are required to determine the exact active chemical and its action mechanism and perform in vivo utilization to confirm these results.
Effects of Temperature on the Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Residues, and Withdrawal Times of Doxycycline in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following Oral Administration
Authors: Corum Orhan , Uney Kamil , Terzi Ertugrul , Durna Corum Duygu , Coskun Devran , Altan Feray , Elmas Muammer
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline after oral administration in rainbow trout reared at 10 and 17 °C. Fish received a 20 mg/kg oral dose of doxycycline after a single or 5-day administration. Six rainbow trout were used at each sampling time point for plasma and tissue samples, including liver, kidney, and muscle and skin. The doxycycline concentration in the samples was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by non-compartmental kinetic analysis. The WT 1.4 software program was used to estimate the withdrawal times. The increase of temperature from 10 to 17 °C shortened the elimination half-life from 41.72 to 28.87 h, increased the area under the concentration–time curve from 173.23 to 240.96 h * μg/mL, and increased the peak plasma concentration from 3.48 to 5.50 μg/mL. At 10 and 17 °C, the doxycycline concentration was obtained in liver > kidney > plasma > muscle and skin. According to the MRL values stated for muscle and skin in Europe and China (100 μg/kg) and in Japan (50 μg/kg), the withdrawal times of doxycycline at 10 and 17 °C were 35 and 31 days, respectively, for Europe and China and 43 and 35 days, respectively, for Japan. Since temperature significantly affected pharmacokinetic behavior and withdrawal times of doxycycline in rainbow trout, temperature-dependent dosing regimens and withdrawal times of doxycycline might be necessary.
Intra- and Intertumoral Microglia/Macrophage Infiltration and Their Associated Molecular Signature Is Highly Variable in Canine Oligodendroglioma: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Toedebusch Ryan G. , Wei Ning-Wei , Simafranca Kulani T. , Furth-Jacobus Jennie A. , Brust-Mascher Ingrid , Stewart Susan L. , Dickinson Peter J. , Woolard Kevin D. , Li Chai-Fei , Vernau Karen M. , Meyers Frederick J. , Toedebusch Christine M.
Published: June 2023

The goal of this study was to define the glioma-associated microglia/macrophage (GAM) response and associated molecular landscape in canine oligodendrogliomas. Here, we quantified the intratumoral GAM density of low- and high-grade oligodendrogliomas compared to that of a normal brain, as well as the intratumoral concentration of several known GAM-derived pro-tumorigenic molecules in high-grade oligodendrogliomas compared to that in a normal brain. Our analysis demonstrated marked intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of GAM infiltration. Correspondingly, we observed significant variability in the intratumoral concentrations of several GAM-associated molecules, unlike what we previously observed in high-grade astrocytomas. However, high-grade oligodendroglioma tumor homogenates (n = 6) exhibited an increase in the pro-tumorigenic molecules hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as we observed in high-grade astrocytomas. Moreover, neoplastic oligodendrocytes displayed robust expression of GAL-3, a chimeric galectin implicated in driving immunosuppression in human glioblastoma. While this work identifies shared putative therapeutic targets across canine glioma subtypes (HGFR, GAL-3), it highlights several key differences in the immune landscape. Therefore, a continued effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the immune microenvironment within each subtype is necessary to inform therapeutic strategies going forward.
Relationship between the changes in plaque microbiota and the oral hygiene status during supervised toothbrushing in 6-year-old children
Authors: Gromova S. N. , Kolevatykh E. P. , Koledaeva A. K. , Krivokorytov K. A. , Maltseva O. A. , Medvedeva M. S. , Postnikova E. D.
Published: June 2023

Relevance. Poor oral hygiene leads to plaque formation, where the number of opportunistic and acid-producing microorganisms can exceed the permissible values, and true pathogens may colonize the oral cavity. Mixed dentition is one of the critical periods in dentoalveolar system development. Thus, oral hygiene control in children is the main factor for dental disease prevention.

Material and methods. Dental students of the Kirov State Medical University examined twenty 6-year-old children from kindergarten #35 in Kirov. The group brushed their teeth after lunch, initially supervised by students and then by a kindergarten teacher. The simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) score (Green, Vermillion, 1964) helped to assess oral hygiene status. The microbiological testing determined the total microbial count and periodontal pathogens by real-time PCR.

Results. The first examination of children showed their oral hygiene level was poor before the supervised brushing. The total microbial count slightly exceeded the reference values. The hygiene index improved by 30% after two months of supervised brushing. The total microbial count decreased significantly (by 89%).

Conclusion. Supervised toothbrushing in 6-year-old children for two months positively affects the hygiene and microbiological condition of the oral cavity, helps to reduce the plaque quantity and to change the microbial composition of the dental plaque, and, accordingly, lowers the caries risk and its complications in the future.
Continuity and discontinuity of care among older patients in Danish general practice: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Olsen Jonas K , Kristensen Troels
Published: June 2023

Background

Continuity of care (COC) for older adults has been associated with lower use of healthcare services, decreased risk of hospitalisation, and lower mortality. However, research on COC in older adults is limited by short time periods and small sample sizes. Long-term COC can only develop if the patient stays with the general practice for ≥10 years. Therefore, research that focuses on long duration and broader populations is needed.

Aim

To measure the extent of longitudinal site-level COC in general practice and listing duration of the patient–general practice relation for all older Danish citizens.

Design & setting

Retrospective cohort study of all patients aged ≥65 years on 31 December 2021 listed with a Danish general practice (N= 1 144 941 persons).

Method

Individual-level register data were used on start and end dates for listing with a general practice to analyse site-level COC by number of changes and listing duration of the patient–general practice relation from January 2007–December 2021.

Results

During the 15 years, 39.3% of older adults did not change general practice. Among the remaining 60.7%, who experienced discontinuity of care, 34.0% changed once, 16.3% changed twice, and 6.3% changed three times. Overall, <5% changed general practice >3 times. The duration of the patient–general practice relations were on average 9.5 years. Overall, 27.5% lasted 0–4 years, 33.7% lasted 5–9 years, and 38.8% lasted ≥10 years.

Conclusion

Danish general practice provides high levels of site-level COC for their older patients. On average, patients aged ≥65 years changed general practice once and had a patient–general practice relation length of 9.5 years.
Regulacja reklamacji klientów rynku finansowego będących beneficjentami umowy ubezpieczenia na tle jej unormowań w polskim systemie prawnym
Authors: Gnela Bogusław
Published: June 2023

W opracowaniu dokonano analizy sposobu i skutków regulacji reklamacji składanych przez beneficjentów umowy ubezpieczenia na tle ogólnego problemu unormowań reklamacji w polskim systemie prawnym oraz zgłoszono wiele postulatów de lege lata i de lege ferenda dotyczących tych kwestii. Podjęto próbę obrony stanowiska, że wykładnia systemowa i funkcjonalna przepisów regulujących na gruncie ustawy reklamacyjnej oraz ustawy o dystrybucji ubezpieczeń reklamację związaną z umową ubezpieczenia oraz mechanizm uzupełniania luk w prawie pozwalają przyjąć, że reklamację tę mogą wnosić: poszukujący ochrony ubezpieczeniowej, ubezpieczający, ubezpieczony, uposażony oraz inny podmiot uprawniony, a także spadkobierca posiadający interes prawny w ustaleniu odpowiedzialności lub spełnieniu świadczenia z umowy ubezpieczenia, bez względu na rodzaj posiadanej przez nich podmiotowości według prawa cywilnego i bez względu na literalne brzmienie niektórych, wspomnianych przepisów. Uzasadniono pogląd, że przewidziane prawem skutki braku odpowiedzi na reklamację w ustawowych terminach określane najczęściej jako „uznanie reklamacji” dotyczyć powinny tylko reklamacji polegających na żądaniu realizacji roszczenia lub na wykonaniu prawa kształtującego, opartych na przepisach prawa cywilnego (tzw. reklamacja w wąskim znaczeniu), i oznaczać domniemanie prawne wzruszalne, czyli przerzucenie ciężaru dowodu. Wyrażono także stanowisko, że to w Kodeksie cywilnym, w celu usunięcia ewentualnych wątpliwości, należy zdefiniować pojęcie reklamacji w wąskim, cywilistycznym znaczeniu, aby odróżnić ją od innych „wystąpień” skarżących dotyczących funkcjonowania czy organizacji świadczeniodawców.
Harar as the capital city of the Barr Saʿd ad-Dīn (first half of the 16th century): from its emergence to its fortification
Authors: Chekroun Amélie
Published: June 2023

Cet article tente de retracer l’histoire de la ville de Harar avant le milieu du XVIe siècle et la fin du sultanat du Barr Saʿd ad-Dīn. L’étude s’appuie sur les rares mentions de la ville dans la documentation médiévale et sur les données archéologiques récentes. Elle montre que, contrairement à ce que proposent les traditions orales depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, Harar ne devient un centre urbain, économique et religieux qu’à partir du début du XVIe siècle, lorsque la ville devient la nouvelle capitale du Barr Saʿd ad-Dīn, comme l’avançait Insoll à partir des données archéologiques en 2017. Jusqu’alors, depuis la fondation du sultanat au début du XVe siècle, le siège du pouvoir des sultans se trouvait à Dakar. Les raisons du changement de capitale en 1520 ne sont pas connues, mais la situation instable au sein du sultanat au cours des années précédentes peut être une piste pour expliquer l’émergence de Harar comme nouveau coeur du sultanat. Enfin, cet article recontextualise la construction des murailles de la ville (jugal) au milieu du XVIe siècle par l’émir Nūr : les sources de l’époque tendent à montrer que cette fortification de la ville s’inscrit dans une politique générale du sultanat qui tente de se défendre contre les attaques des nouvelles populations oromo de la région.
Writing and rewriting history from Harar to Awsa : a reappraisal of the Taʾrīkh al-mulūk
Authors: Mercier Héloïse
Published: June 2023

Cet article s’intéresse à un moment particulier dans l’écriture de l’histoire de Harar (Éthiopie orientale) : lorsque la ville décline et que le pouvoir est transféré vers l’oasis de l’Awsa, en 1576. Trois chroniques, dont deux sont des réécritures de la première, sont alors rédigées. Cette ébullition historiographique traduit l’envergure de la rupture que signifie le déplacement vers l’Awsa, ainsi que les oppositions qu’il suscite. À partir de l’étude comparée des trois chroniques, l’article tente de comprendre les raisons de ce transfert du pouvoir.
Le Jadwal ash-Shāsh wa ash-Shāmī et la compilation des listes d’émirs de Harar : premiers résultats d’enquête
Authors: Mercier Héloïse
Published: June 2023

This field note presents initial research findings on the Jadwal ash-Shāsh wa ash-Shāmī (“ Shāsh wa ash-Shāmī List”), an Arabic text written around the mid-twentieth century by a scholar from Harar (eastern Ethiopia) named Ahmed Shamie. I was able to see the manuscript in which this text is found in Addis Ababa, in the spring of 2021, thanks in part to financial support from the CFEE. This article, drawing on ongoing research, shows that the Jadwal ash-Shāsh wa ash-Shāmī is a late historiographical construction that compiled numerous sources from different historiographical regimes. There is a great deal of continuity between this text and lists of emirs, the historiographical genre that dominated in Harar during the 17th to early 20th centuries. However, the writing of this text marked a turning point in the historiography of Harar : whereas previous lists only began in the seventeenth century, the Jadwal enforced a “ metanarrative” that gave the city a linear, exhaustive, and over-ten-centuries-long past.
A survey of three manuscripts from Tәgray (Ethiopia)
Authors: Ambu Martina , Lamesa Anaïs , Atsba Hailay
Published: June 2023

Trois manuscrits ont été photographiés lors d’une mission de terrain menée dans la région du Tәgray dans le cadre du projet Troglopie en février 2020. Cette note a pour objectif d’attirer l’attention des chercheurs sur ces codex. Le premier a été également photographié par le projet EMIP, avant cette campagne de prospection, alors que les deux autres ne sont pas connus. Cette note se veut le complément de l’article dans ce volume des Annales d’Éthiopie, “Églises rupestres du Tәgray oriental et central. Résultats de prospections et hypothèses techniques et socio-économiques,” portant sur les résultats archéologiques du projet Troglopie. Une brève analyse et un catalogue synthétique des manuscrits seront présentés, ainsi que l’importance de quelques unités textuelles contenues. Des points d’intérêts clôturent cette note en guise de conclusion.
On how to obtain guns for Ethiopia. The attempts by the botanist Georg Wilhelm Schimper in the 1840s and early 1850s
Authors: Mcewan Dorothea
Published: June 2023

Les demandes d’armes à feu de la part de dirigeants éthiopiens sont bien documentées pour les siècles précédents. Cet article explore le besoin et les raisons données par les savants européens pour obtenir des armes à feu en Éthiopie. Le botaniste allemand Georg Wilhelm Schimper vécut en Éthiopie de 1837 à sa mort en 1878. Ses recherches sur la flore éthiopienne sont encore aujourd’hui de la plus haute importance dans le champ scientifique. Il a laissé un grand nombre de lettres et deux livres manuscrits au sujet de son travail et de sa vie dans les hautes terres d’Éthiopie. Ces notes donnent à voir la vie quotidienne d’un scientifique européen dans l’Éthiopie de la moitié du xixe siècle. Les deux manuscrits, qui ont été publiés en ligne en 2015, en langues allemande et anglaise, donnent le détail de ses découvertes botaniques, mais racontent aussi les défis rencontrés par Schimper et sa famille, leurs conditions de vie précaires et le manque d’argent récurrent. Tout ceci amena Schimper à formuler une requête compréhensible, le cadeau d’armes à feu de la part des pouvoirs européens, et à un développement plus surprenant, le désir assumé de changer d’affiliation religieuse en Éthiopie, du protestantisme au catholicisme, en 1843. Une lettre importante, adressée par Kasa Ḫaylu au Consul autrichien Theodor von Heuglin en 1853, apporte encore des informations sur les demandes récurrentes d’armes à feu. Cet article montre comment les requêtes de Schimper et sa conversion religieuse sont étroitement mêlées. Sa recherche était à l’origine soutenue par une association scientifique allemande, qui l’avait chargé d’envoyer des spécimens de plantes aux collections et herboristeries d’Europe. Quand ce projet prit fin en 1842, Schimper se retrouva sans source de revenus. Ayant néanmoins décidé de rester en Éthiopie, il fut nommé gouverneur de la province d’ Әntiččo par son protecteur, le däğğazmaç Wәbe Ḫaylä Maryam. Le contact avec les missionnaires catholiques s’avéra décisif car Schimper se convertit et organisa une communauté catholique modèle dans sa province. Il affirma alors qu’il avait besoin d’armes à feu, à la fois comme symboles son statut mais également pour sa propre défense et celle de sa province.
Evaluation Checklists for Agritourism and Direct Marketing Operations: Farmer and Extension Resources
Authors: Casella Michelle , Schilling Brian , Bamka William , Komar Stepehn , Melendez Meredith , Marxen Lucas
Published: June 2023

The Rutgers Agritourism Training Team created a series of checklists designed for agritourism and direct marketing operators as part of an educational curriculum. Checklists were specifically crafted for farmer self-assessment or for evaluation in cooperation with Extension professionals. A primary training goal was to aid farmers with identifying operational improvements and adopting best practices in the areas of farm safety and liability management. Checklist topics included general farm safety conditions, animal safety protocols, emergency response procedures, liability management, employee training and management, food safety, and parking and traffic management. The ultimate goal was to improve farm visitor safety.
Using Simulated Farm Case Studies to Teach Financial and Risk Management Concepts
Authors: Davis Todd , Mark Tyler , Shepherd Johnathan
Published: June 2023

Two simulated farm case studies provide a means for teaching financial and risk management strategies to western Kentucky grain farmers. Aggregate financial data for 227 grain farms define the case studies, which illustrate how cost and debt affect cash flow and working capital over a 5-year period. Responding to the case studies, farmers were able to discuss these financial concepts in a group setting among competitor neighbors without revealing personal business information. The use of composite financial data engaged the farmers and allowed for improved discussion on risk management products and the potential to protect working capital over multiple years. Extension professionals can apply the methods described.
Urban Extension's New Nontraditional Offering: Parent-Child Reading Enhancement Program
Authors: Brandon Dorothy , Tsamaase Marea , Humphrey Ronnie , Crenshaw Kevin
Published: June 2023

Urbanization is causing a major shift in Extension's programming throughout the United States. We present results of a nontraditional urban program (the Parent-Child Reading Enhancement Program) that is being implemented by Alabama Cooperative Extension System's Urban Affairs and New Nontraditional Programs unit. Findings suggest that this Extension program is successful in increasing urban parents' knowledge and skills related to enhancing their children's reading ability. Implications for urban Extension are discussed.
The Event Horizon for the Horizon Report: Inclusivity in Extension Programs
Authors: Crayton Jane
Published: June 2023

The Horizon Report for Cooperative Extension calls for Extension professionals to incorporate emergent technologies into programming; however, adoption and use of such technologies can be hampered due to critical diversity issues in the science, technology, engineering, and math industries. For Extension professionals to capitalize on the Horizon Report recommendations, we must embrace the report's call to action while also having an action plan for diversity and inclusivity. The challenge for Extension professionals goes beyond capitalizing on new technology trends; it has a broad scope and necessitates our considering critical issues surrounding those trends.
Political Ambition: Where Are All the Women?
Authors: Erickson Jennifer , Hill Dan , Solomon Victoria
Published: June 2023

Why do so few women hold elected office on local government bodies? The answer to this question encompasses a combination of barriers to running for office. The research discussed in this article involved two surveys conducted in Wisconsin. The findings indicate that in addition to systemic barriers, such as time away from work, many women are hesitant to serve on local governing bodies for other reasons, including concerns related to confidence and potentially inaccurate perceptions. This cautiousness was not as evident in male potential candidates. Understanding the barriers women face may inform how Extension educators work to address skewed compositions of local governing bodies as part of capacity-building efforts.
Survey of Nebraska Soybean Producers: Current and Future Statuses of Weed Management
Authors: Werle Rodrigo , Miller Joshua
Published: June 2023

Like crop producers elsewhere, soybean producers in Nebraska are challenged with managing weeds that are evolving resistance to an increasing number of herbicides. We surveyed Nebraska soybean growers, crop advisors, and industry professionals to identify current agronomic practices, assess the distribution of herbicide resistance and strategies for weed management, and gauge perceptions of new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies. We found that producers rely heavily on herbicides and are challenged with several herbicide-resistant weeds. Our findings also suggest that new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies will be readily adopted. Extension educational programs promoting a holistic approach to weed management will be critical.
Q Methodology: A Method for Understanding Complex Viewpoints in Communities Served by Extension
Authors: Lien Aaron , Ruyle George , Hoffman Laura
Published: June 2023

This article introduces Q methodology, an idea-sorting activity that can help Extension improve outreach and education on new and contentious issues. Q methodology is a helpful tool when Extension professionals are confronted with controversial or complex resource management challenges. Through the analysis of a simple card-sorting exercise, researchers can determine quantitatively and qualitatively how different issues combine to result in (a) an individual's viewpoint on an issue and (b) groupings of different viewpoints within a community. We describe the basic approach to implementing Q methodology and suggest circumstances in which it can help facilitate Extension outreach and education.
Pemberian Pupuk NPK (21-21-21) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L)
Authors: Fidiyawati Eni , Sugiono Sugiono , Latifah Evy , Arifin Zainal
Published: June 2023

Fertilization is one of the mainfactors determining the success of corn cultivation in addition tosuperior varieties. The use of fertilizers must be made to be effective and efficient, so as to increaseproduction optimally while increasing farmers' income and not polluting the environment. This studyaims to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer (21-21-21) on the growth and yield of maize. The studywas carried out in Watugede Village, Puncu District, Kediri Regency, from October 2020-March2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) 7 treatments with 4 replications, namely basedon a combination of NPK fertilizer (21-21-21), comparison of recommended fertilizer doses , withoutfertilizer. The results showed that the dose of NPK (21-21-21) 200 + Urea 200 + ZA 100 kg/ha had asignificant effect on maize plant growth and biomass weight. The production of jugung was significantat this dose in the results of wet log weight and dry shelled yields. It is necessary to carry out a similarstudy but in locations that have different agroecology because corn is widely cultivated in Indonesia,so that production is high with lower fertilizer inputs.
Agricultural Extension Perceptions of Widyaiswara Sapa Kostratani (WISATANI) E-Learning Program
Authors: Windhy Adhis
Published: June 2023

Agricultural extension workers have limitations in participating in direct learning (face to face) in order to increase competence. E-Learning is a learning concept that utilizes information technology. Binuang Agricultural Training Center implements E-Learning Widyaiswara Sapa Kostratani (WISATANI), a synchronous learning program to support the improvement of Agricultural Extension Cognitive competence. To support the improvement of the Wisatani program, it is necessary to know the perceptions of the Agricultural Extension Officers who participated in the Wisatani e-Learning program. This research was conducted using the Quantitative Descriptive method with the purposive sampling method for Purnawidya E-Learning Wisatani. The result of the research is that the Wisatani E-Learning Program has the value of the benefits felt by the Agricultural Extension. The perceived benefit value is in the form of supporting the addition of knowledge for Purnawidya. But instead of that it is necessary to diversify the method of delivering material, not only in Lectures and Discussions but needs to be improved with Video Tutorials and Hands-on Practice.
Model Pencatatan Reproduksi Sapi Perah Menggunakan Rekording Sapi Elektronik (REKS-EL) Berbasis Android Untuk Mengoptimalkan Reproduksi Sapi Perah Di Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Desviani Glorina , Warnaen Andi , Utami Kartika
Published: June 2023

This study aims to create a dairy cow reproductive recording model by optimizing android use by farmers. The making of a dairy cow reproductive data recording model is based on an analysis of the needs of farmers. The data collection method was carried outby survey by extracting primary data using questionnaires and observation and secondary data based on recording supporting data. The data requirements obtained are then implemented in software programming using MySQL, PHP, web and Android Studio version 3.1 programming languages for windows. The software design uses the Sommerville version of the Waterfall Method (2011) with stages; data requirements analysis, design, implementation, verification and testing, installation and maintenance. The system's design is called Rekording Sapi Elektronik (REKS-EL) version 1.2 with a minimum of 1 or 2 GB android RAM, specifically Jellybean version 4.1 and above, while storage space capacity is above 5 MB. The tools designed are Farmer Profile, Livestock Identity, Performance, Reproduction and Marriage and Health of dairy cows, so user usage is more applicable. The software has been tested on the user in its implementation in the field. It will continue with the development (development) to keep it updated according to the needs of farmers.
Ultra Sonographic Profile of Nephroblastoma at the University Clinics of Kinshasa
Authors: Tshienda Frederick Tshibasu , El Ganouni Nadia Cherif Idrissi , Eputa Oscar Mokambo , Nsimba Nina Domo , Nzazi Aléine Budiongo , Assani Karim , Akoto Gueth Kundabi , Kiraulu Damien Kamate , Mabiala Joseph Bodi , Ngiyulu Jean René , Tansia Angèle Mbongo , Tansia Gertrude Luyeye , Tshibola Jean Mukaya , Tshikwela Michel Lelo , Aundu Antoine Molua , Kabongo François Beya , Lebwaze Bienvenu Massamba , Mwilambwe Benjamin Kabwe , Makulo Rissassy Jean Robert , Malemba Jean Jacques , Wola Yaba Antoine Tshimpi , Kayembe Ntumba Jean Marie , Mbuyi Muamba Jean Marie
Published: June 2023

Objective: T o describe the ultrasonographic profile of nephroblastoma diagnosed at the university clinics of Kinshasa.
Materials and methods: T his is a descriptive study; it concerns 45 patients with Wilms' tumor diagnosed by ultrasonography at the university clinics of Kinshasa from 2016 to 2021, i.e. an overall period of six years. Two ultrasound scanners branded Phillips u-22 and Mindray DC-30 were used.
LMIC Facility-Lighting Limitation in Nigeria Fully Resolved by a Novel Frugal Polite-Light-Bank Technology
Authors: Amadi Hippolite O , Abubakar Amina L
Published: June 2023

Epileptic grid electricity and frequent power blackouts in the night at LMIC neonatal centres hide behind frontline morbidities but contribute significantly to poor treatment outcomes at these centres. Power blackouts make it hard for clinicians and nurses to see clearly when attending to patients in the dark. Hence, many patients have lost their lives during the mistake-prone poor visual setting. This situation gets worse for centres located at more remote regions of LMICs, where power outages could last for many days. A recently published article on “neonatal-rescue-scheme” concept proposed the reversal in neonatal traffic, by taking the interventions to rural places where more needy neonates are to save them. Therefore, it becomes imperative to develop a reliable solar system of independent and sustainable technology that can guarantee dusk-to-dawn facility lighting at such remote locations, which may not have grid electricity.
Technical Electrosmog May be Dangerous
Authors: Manfred Doepp
Published: June 2023

It is scientifically controversial so far whether EMF (non-ionizing electromagnetic fields) can have negative effects on the DNA of cell nuclei. In terms of their energy, they could not do so. However, there is clinical and molecular biological evidence that this can be. There exists a 3-stage mechanism of action, via peroxinitrite, which could lead to DNA damage. The sequence of these processes will be described. Therefore, there is a reasonable suspicion that EMF could also cause DNA damage. The organs with fast and high cell division rate are particularly affected. The general exposure to technical electrosmog (especially 5G) must therefore be marked with a question mark.
Kebijakan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (SPPT-TI) Sebagai Upaya Pemberantasan Korupsi
Authors: Yanuar Chandra Tofik , Hajairin
Published: June 2023

Pemberantasan korupsi pada dasarnya dijalankan melalui tiga agenda utama, yaitu agenda penindakan korupsi, agenda pencegahan korupsi dan agenda pendidikan anti korupsi. Penindakan dan Pencegahan korupsi dapat dilakukan menggunakan peradilan pidana terpadu berbasis teknologi informasi. Sistem peradilan pidana terpadu berbasis teknologi Informasi (SPPT-TI) merupakan upaya membangun kerjasama antar lembaga penegak hukum dalam mempercepat, mempermudah proses penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kebijakan sistem peradilan pidana terpadu berbasis teknologi informasi dapat menjadi instrumen pemberantasan korupsi. Metodel penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan teoritis, perbandingan dan pendekatan konseptual. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama bahwa Kebijakan pengembangan system peradilan pidana terpadu berbasis teknologi informasi merupakan gagasan baru dengan penegasan bahwa pemberantasan korupsi tidak bisa hanya mengandalkan Komisi pemberantasan korupsi (KPK) dan Polri. Kedua Sistem peradilan pidana berbasis teknologi informasi dapat melibatkan beberapa lembaga seperti Polri, Kejagung, MA, Kemkumham, Kemenko Polhukam, Kemkominfo, Kementerian PPN/Bappenas dan BSSN, beberapa lembaga tersebut akan saling berkordinasi dalam pemberantasan korupsi menggunakan aplikasi pusat pertukaran data (Puskarda) sebagaimana diatur dalam Keputusan Menko Polhukam No. 47 Tahun 2018 tentang Kelompok Kerja Pengembangan Sistem Database Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Terpadu Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Sebab permasalahan korupsi masih menjadi masalah yang cukup serius, sehingga diperlukan Inovasi dalam pemberantasan korupsi dengan memaksimalkan semua instrumen hukum yang ada pada berbagai lembaga penegak hukum.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Jasa Reparasi Kendaraan Pada Cv.Trans Service Dengan Metode Cash Basis
Authors: Mariana Siti
Published: June 2023

Basis akuntansi merupakan prinsip-prinsip akuntansi yang menentukan kapan pengaruh atas transaksi kegiatan operasional perusahaan harus diakui untuk tujuan pelaporan keuangan. Cash basis mempunyai peranan penting dalam aktivitas perusahaan. Dimana pada setiap transaksi perusahaan memerlukan suatu pengolahan data dan harus memiliki kebijakan khusus dalam penggunaan, pemeliharaan maupun pencatatan akuntansinya. Karena pentingnya penggunaan sistem cash basis inilah maka perlu diadakan pengalokasian yang sistematik dan rasional. Dalam proses bisnisnya CV.Trans Service mencatat semua kegiatan bisnisnya melalui pembukuan secara manual. Sehingga perusahaan sulit untuk menghitung penerimaan dan pengeluaran dana perusahaan yang riil. Akibatnya pencatatan kegiatan perusahaan kurang efektif dan efisien. Sehingga perusahaan memerlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mencatat pendapatan dan beban yang diterima dan dikeluarkan saat itu juga. Metode cash basis yang tepat untuk mencatat setiap transaksi perusahaan. Karena pencatatan kegiatan keuangan perusahaan hanya akan diakui bila pendapatan perusahaan diterima saat itu juga dan Beban diakui bila kas telah dibayarkan saat itu juga. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penulis merancang suatu sistem pencatatan akuntansi kegiatan operasional  perusahaan yang riil dengan metode cash basis, mengggunakan aplikasi java netbeans, dengan database Mysql. Dengan adanya rancangan sistem ini, perusahaan dapat membuat laporan keuangan perusahaan yang riil lebih akurat dan tepat waktu. Sistem ini juga membantu kerja admin lebih efektif dan efisien.
Web-Based Spatial Information System for Fisheries Potential in Cirebon Regency
Authors: Mubarak Zaki
Published: June 2023

Cirebon Regency, which is one of the easternmost regencies in West Java Province with an area of ​​989.70 Km2, a coastline of 54 Km and a pond area of ​​7,500.0 Ha, makes Cirebon Regency one of the potential areas for fishery business in West Java province. Based on fishery production development data for 2007, Cirebon district produced fishery production of 55,708 tons. However, in 2008 this value decreased to 52,342.40 tons or a decrease of 6.04%. (Marine and Fishery Service 2008: 35). The decline in production results is due to various factors including the lack of utilization of existing potential areas, lack of information, limited use of technology in the field of fisheries and so on. The lack of information about fishery resources causes a lack of optimal utilization of existing fishery resources, so it is necessary to use information technology such as the development of a spatial information system for fishery potential in Cirebon Regency. This information system displays potential fishery locations, for example pond locations, Fish Landing Bases and Fishery Product Processing Sites and is presented in spatial form and presented on a web-based basis, this will be easy to use, as well as the completeness of the the data presented can be used as a reference source for local governments in order to increase the potential of the existing fisheries sector.