bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Magnesium-Rich Primer on Pretreated AA2024-T351 in Selected Laboratory and Field Environments: Anodization Pretreatment
Authors: Kannan B. , Wolanski D.M. , Scully J.R.
Published: January 2018

The effect of anodization on the corrosion protection of AA2024-T351 by magnesium-rich primer (MgRP) was evaluated in topcoated (TC) and non-TC MgRP systems with and without defects in the form of scribes. Protection of remote scratches and global protection by the coating after exposure in selected laboratory and field environments was investigated. Exposure studies focused on the following pretreatments: anodization without sealing (ANS), anodization with hexavalent chromium sealing (ACS), and anodization with trivalent chromium pretreatment sealing (ATS). Mg pigment depletion rate, global galvanic protection potential of intact coating, and coating barrier properties were investigated. In systems without TC, all chosen environments except for full immersion resulted in complete depletion of Mg pigment resulting from high self-corrosion rates. Polyurethane TC limited the Mg metallic pigment depletion resulting in only partial Mg depletion. In the case of ANS and ATS pretreated AA2024-T351 with MgRP, there was no initial galvanic coupling as inferred by a more positive global galvanic protection potential and predicted by high-pretreatment resistances. Upon prolonged exposure in full immersion, the global galvanic protection potential decreased to more negative potentials with time indicative of gradual galvanic coupling of the AA2024-T351 substrate with the MgRP. This was interpreted as resulting from degradation of the buried anodized layer. In the case of ACS pretreated AA2024-T351 with the MgRP, there was no initial galvanic coupling. After initial lowering of global galvanic protection potential indicating active coupling, there was a shift back to more positive potential. The global galvanic protection potential was heavily mediated by the TC polymer and there was no significant galvanic coupling between AA2024-T351 and Mg in the time frame over which experiments were conducted for TC systems. Mg was preserved and available for any future sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection. The barrier properties of the MgRP pigmented coating also degraded with time at a higher rate in systems in the absence of TC. This was correlated to UV degradation of the pigmented coating resin and could be reduced with the polyurethane TC. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization after different ASTM B117 and field exposure times indicated that the Mg2+ redeposition increased as a function of exposure time in AA2024-T351/ACS/MgRP systems. TC limited the Mg2+ release by mediating both the global galvanic protection potential and Mg self-corrosion. Corrosion volume analysis by optical profilometry indicated that the scribe protection was better for sealed anodization pretreatments compared to the case of anodized without sealing-based systems.
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China
Authors: Yu Qian , Luo Yao , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Zhiqi , Hao Jiming , Duan Lei
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) exchange between forests and the atmosphere plays an
important role in global Hg cycling. The present estimate of global
emission of Hg from natural source has large uncertainty, partly due
to the lack of chronical and valid field data, particularly for
terrestrial surfaces in China, the most important contributor to
global atmospheric Hg. In this study, the micrometeorological method
(MM) was used to continuously observe gaseous elemental mercury
(GEM) fluxes over forest canopy at a mildly polluted site
(Qianyanzhou, QYZ) and a moderately polluted site (Huitong, HT, near
a large Hg mine) in subtropical south China for a full year from
January to December in 2014. The GEM flux measurements over forest
canopy in QYZ and HT showed net emission with annual average values
of 6.67 and 0.30 ngm-2h-1, respectively. Daily
variations of GEM fluxes showed an increasing emission with the
increasing air temperature and solar radiation in the daytime to
a peak at 13:00, and decreasing emission thereafter, even as
a GEM sink or balance at night. High temperature and low air Hg
concentration resulted in the high Hg emission in summer. Low
temperature in winter and Hg absorption by plant in spring resulted
in low Hg emission, or even adsorption in the two seasons. GEM
fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature, soil
temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while it is negatively
correlated with air humidity and atmospheric GEM concentration. The
lower emission fluxes of GEM at the moderately polluted site (HT)
when compared with that in the mildly polluted site (QYZ) may
result from a much higher adsorption fluxes at night in spite of
a similar or higher emission fluxes during daytime. This shows
that the higher atmospheric GEM concentration at HT restricted the
forest GEM emission. Great attention should be paid to forests as
a crucial increasing Hg emission source with the decreasing
atmospheric GEM concentration in polluted areas because of Hg
emission abatement in the future.
Calibration of the DSCOVR EPIC visible and NIR channels using MODIS Terra and Aqua data and EPIC lunar observations
Authors: Geogdzhayev Igor V. , Marshak Alexander
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The unique position of the Deep Space Climate Observatory
(DSCOVR) Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) at the Lagrange 1 point
makes an important addition to the data from currently operating low Earth orbit
observing instruments. EPIC instrument does not have an onboard
calibration facility. One approach to its calibration is to compare EPIC
observations to the measurements from polar-orbiting radiometers. Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a natural choice for such
comparison due to its well-established calibration record and wide use in
remote sensing. We use MODIS Aqua and Terra L1B 1 km reflectances to infer
calibration coefficients for four EPIC visible and NIR channels: 443, 551, 680 and 780 nm.
MODIS and EPIC measurements made between June 2015
and 2016 are employed for comparison. We first identify favorable MODIS
pixels with scattering angle matching temporarily collocated EPIC
observations. Each EPIC pixel is then spatially collocated to a subset of
the favorable MODIS pixels within 25 km radius. Standard deviation of the
selected MODIS pixels as well as of the adjacent EPIC pixels is used to find
the most homogeneous scenes. These scenes are then used to determine
calibration coefficients using a linear regression between EPIC
counts s−1 and reflectances in the close MODIS spectral channels. We present thus
inferred EPIC calibration coefficients and discuss sources of uncertainties.
The lunar EPIC observations are used to calibrate EPIC O2 absorbing channels
(688 and 764 nm), assuming that there is a small difference between moon
reflectances separated by ∼ 10 nm in wavelength and provided the
calibration factors of the red (680 nm) and NIR (780 nm) are known from
comparison between EPIC and MODIS.
Van Allen Probes observation of plasmaspheric
hiss modulated by injected energetic electrons
Authors: Shi Run , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Claudepierre Seth G. , Kletzing Craig A. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Spence Harlan E. , Reeves Geoff D. , Fennell Joseph F. , Blake J. Bernard , Thaller Scott A. , Wygant John R.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Plasmaspheric hiss was observed by Van Allen Probe B in association with energetic electron injections in the outer plasmasphere. The energy of injected electrons coincides with the minimum resonant energy calculated for the observed hiss wave frequency. Interestingly, the variations of hiss wave intensity, electron flux, and ULF wave intensity exhibit remarkable correlations, while plasma density is not correlated with any of these parameters. Our study provides direct evidence for the first time that the injected anisotropic electron population, which is modulated by ULF waves, modulates the hiss intensity in the outer plasmasphere. This also implies that plasmaspheric hiss observed by Van Allen Probe B in the outer plasmasphere (L > ~ 5.5) is locally amplified. Meanwhile, Van Allen Probe A observed hiss emission at lower L shells (
Use of flow cytometry and stable isotope analysis to determine phytoplankton uptake of wastewater derived ammonium in a nutrient-rich river
Authors: Schmidt Calla M. , Kraus Tamara E. C. , Young Megan B. , Kendall Carol
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic alteration of the form and concentration of nitrogen (N) in aquatic ecosystems is widespread. Understanding availability and uptake of different N sources at the base of aquatic food webs is critical to establishment of effective nutrient management programs. Stable isotopes of N (14N, 15N) are often used to trace the sources of N fueling aquatic primary production, but effective use of this approach requires obtaining a reliable isotopic ratio for phytoplankton. In this study, we tested the use of flow cytometry to isolate phytoplankton from bulk particulate organic matter (POM) in a portion of the Sacramento River, California, during river-scale nutrient manipulation experiments that involved halting wastewater discharges high in ammonium (NH4+). Field samples were collected using a Lagrangian approach, allowing us to measure changes in phytoplankton N source in the presence and absence of wastewater-derived NH4+. Comparison of δ15N-POM and δ15N-phytoplankton (δ15N-PHY) revealed that their δ15N values followed broadly similar trends. However, after 3 days of downstream travel in the presence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, δ15N-POM and δ15N-PHY in the Sacramento River differed by as much as 7 ‰. Using a stable isotope mixing model approach, we estimated that in the presence of effluent between 40 and 90 % of phytoplankton N was derived from NH4+ after 3 days of downstream transport. An apparent gradual increase over time in the proportion of NH4+ in the phytoplankton N pool suggests that either very low phytoplankton growth rates resulted in an N turnover time that exceeded the travel time sampled during this study, or a portion of the phytoplankton community continued to access nitrate even in the presence of elevated NH4+ concentrations.
Nitrogen isotopic composition of plants and soil in an arid mountainous terrain: south slope versus north slope
Authors: Chen Chongjuan , Jia Yufu , Chen Yuzhen , Mehmood Imran , Fang Yunting , Wang Guoan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Nitrogen cycling is tightly associated with environment. The south slope of a given mountain could significantly differ from north slope in environment. Thus, N cycling should also be different between the two slopes. Since leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and Δδ15Nleaf-soil (Δδ15Nleaf-soil =  leaf δ15N − soil δ15N) could reflect the N cycling characteristics, we put forward a hypothesis that leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and Δδ15Nleaf-soil should differ between the two slopes. However, such a comparative study between two slopes has never been conducted. In addition, environmental effects on leaf and soil δ15N derived from studies at global scale were often found to be different from those on a regional scale. This led to our argument that environmental effects on leaf and soil δ15N could depend on local environment. To confirm our hypothesis and argument, we measured leaf and soil δ15N on the south and north slopes of Tian Shan. Remarkable environmental differences between the two slopes provided an ideal opportunity for our test. The study showed that leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and δ15Nleaf-soil on the south slope were greater than those on the north slope, although the difference in soil δ15N was not significant. The result confirmed our hypothesis and suggested that the south slope has higher soil N transformation rates and soil N availability than the north slope. In addition, in this study it was observed that the significant influential factors of leaf δ15N were temperature, precipitation, leaf N, leaf C ∕ N, soil moisture and silt ∕ clay ratio on the north slope, whereas on the south slope only leaf C ∕ N was related to leaf δ15N. The significant influential factors of soil δ15N were temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and silt ∕ clay ratio on the north slope, whereas on the south slope, mean annual precipitation and soil moisture exerted significant effects. Precipitation exerted contrary effects on soil δ15N between the two slopes. Thus, this study supported our argument that the relationships between leaf and soil δ15N and environmental factors are localized.
On the predictability of land surface fluxes from meteorological variables
Authors: Haughton Ned , Abramowitz Gab , Pitman Andy J.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Previous research has shown that land surface models (LSMs) are performing
poorly when compared with relatively simple empirical models over a wide
range of metrics and environments. Atmospheric driving data appear to
provide information about land surface fluxes that LSMs are not fully
utilising. Here, we further quantify the information available in the
meteorological forcing data that are used by LSMs for predicting land surface
fluxes, by interrogating FLUXNET data, and extending the benchmarking
methodology used in previous experiments. We show that substantial
performance improvement is possible for empirical models using meteorological
data alone, with no explicit vegetation or soil properties, thus setting
lower bounds on a priori expectations on LSM performance. The process also
identifies key meteorological variables that provide predictive power. We
provide an ensemble of empirical benchmarks that are simple to reproduce and
provide a range of behaviours and predictive performance, acting as
a baseline benchmark set for future studies. We reanalyse previously
published LSM simulations and show that there is more diversity between LSMs
than previously indicated, although it remains unclear why LSMs are broadly
performing so much worse than simple empirical models.
Shingle 2.0: generalising self-consistent and automated domain discretisation for multi-scale geophysical models
Authors: Candy Adam S. , Pietrzak Julie D.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The approaches taken to describe and develop spatial discretisations of the domains required for geophysical simulation models are commonly ad hoc, model- or application-specific, and under-documented. This is particularly acute for simulation models that are flexible in their use of multi-scale, anisotropic, fully unstructured meshes where a relatively large number of heterogeneous parameters are required to constrain their full description. As a consequence, it can be difficult to reproduce simulations, to ensure a provenance in model data handling and initialisation, and a challenge to conduct model intercomparisons rigorously. This paper takes a novel approach to spatial discretisation, considering it much like a numerical simulation model problem of its own. It introduces a generalised, extensible, self-documenting approach to carefully describe, and necessarily fully, the constraints over the heterogeneous parameter space that determine how a domain is spatially discretised. This additionally provides a method to accurately record these constraints, using high-level natural language based abstractions that enable full accounts of provenance, sharing, and distribution. Together with this description, a generalised consistent approach to unstructured mesh generation for geophysical models is developed that is automated, robust and repeatable, quick-to-draft, rigorously verified, and consistent with the source data throughout. This interprets the description above to execute a self-consistent spatial discretisation process, which is automatically validated to expected discrete characteristics and metrics. Library code, verification tests, and examples available in the repository at https://github.com/shingleproject/Shingle. Further details of the project presented at http://shingleproject.org.
The path to CAM6: coupled simulations with CAM5.4 and CAM5.5
Authors: Bogenschutz Peter A. , Gettelman Andrew , Hannay Cecile , Larson Vincent E. , Neale Richard B. , Craig Cheryl , Chen Chih-Chieh
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper documents coupled simulations of two developmental versions of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) towards CAM6. The configuration called CAM5.4 introduces new microphysics, aerosol, and ice nucleation changes, among others to CAM. The CAM5.5 configuration represents a more radical departure, as it uses an assumed probability density function (PDF)-based unified cloud parameterization to replace the turbulence, shallow convection, and warm cloud macrophysics in CAM. This assumed PDF method has been widely used in the last decade in atmosphere-only climate simulations but has never been documented in coupled mode. Here, we compare the simulated coupled climates of CAM5.4 and CAM5.5 and compare them to the control coupled simulation produced by CAM5.3. We find that CAM5.5 has lower cloud forcing biases when compared to the control simulations. Improvements are also seen in the simulated amplitude of the Niño-3.4 index, an improved representation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, subtropical surface wind stresses, and double Intertropical Convergence Zone biases. Degradations are seen in Amazon precipitation as well as slightly colder sea surface temperatures and thinner Arctic sea ice. Simulation of the 20th century results in a credible simulation that ends slightly colder than the control coupled simulation. The authors find this is due to aerosol indirect effects that are slightly stronger in the new version of the model and propose a solution to ameliorate this. Overall, in these early coupled simulations, CAM5.5 produces a credible climate that is appropriate for science applications and is ready for integration into the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR's) next-generation climate model.
A Bayesian Approach to Infer Nitrogen Loading Rates from Crop
and Landuse Types Surrounding Private Wells in the Central Valley,
California
Authors: Ransom Katherine M. , Bell Andrew M. , Barber Quinn E. , Kourakos George , Harter Thomas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study is focused on nitrogen loading from a wide variety of crop and landuse types in the Central Valley, California, USA, an intensively farmed region with high agricultural crop diversity. Nitrogen loading rates for several crop types have been measured based on field scale experiments and recent research has calculated nitrogen loading rates for crops throughout the Central Valley based on a mass balance approach. However, research is lacking to infer nitrogen loading rates for the broad diversity of crop and landuse types directly from groundwater nitrate measurements. Relating groundwater nitrate measurements to specific crops must account for the uncertainty about and multiplicity in contributing crops (and other landuses) to individual well measurements, and also for the variability of nitrogen loading within farms and from farm to farm for the same crop. In this study, we developed a Bayesian regression model that allowed us to estimate crop or other landuse-specific groundwater nitrogen loading rate probability distributions for 15 crop and landuse groups based on a database of recent nitrate measurements from 2149 private wells in the Central Valley. The water & natural, rice, and alfalfa & pasture groups had the lowest median estimated nitrogen loading rates, each with a median estimate below 5 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Confined animal feeding operations (dairies) and citrus & subtropical crops had the greatest median estimated nitrogen loading rates at approximately 269 and 65 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. In general, our probability based estimates compare favorably with previous direct measurements and with mass balance based estimates of nitrogen loading. Nitrogen mass balance based estimates are larger than our groundwater nitrate derived estimates for manured forage crops, nuts, cotton, tree fruit, and rice crops. These discrepancies are thought to be due to groundwater age mixing, dilution from infiltrating river water, or denitrification between the time when nitrogen leaves the root zone (point of reference for mass balance derived loading) and the time and location of groundwater measurement.
Modelling the water balance of Lake Victoria (East Africa) – Part 1:
Observational analysis
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Thiery Wim
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and one of the two major sources of the Nile River. The water level of Lake Victoria is determined by its water balance, consisting of precipitation on the lake, evaporation from the lake, inflow from tributary rivers and lake outflow, controlled by two hydropower dams. Due to scarcity of in-situ observations, previous estimates of individual water balance terms are characterised by substantial uncertainties, which makes that the water balance is often not closed independently. Here we present a water balance model for Lake Victoria, using state-of-the-art remote sensing observations, high resolution reanalysis downscaling and outflow values recorded at the dam. The uncalibrated computation of the individual water balance terms yield lake level fluctuations that closely match the levels retrieved from satellite altimetry. Precipitation is the main cause of seasonal and inter-annual lake level fluctuations, and on average causes the lake level to rise from May to July and to fall from August to December. Finally, our results indicate that the 2004–2005 drop in lake level can be attributed about half to a drought in the Lake Victoria Basin and about half to an enhanced outflow, highlighting the sensitivity of the lake level to human operations at the outflow dam.
Improved wet splitter for micropalaeontological analysis, and assessment of uncertainty using data from splitters
Authors: Charrieau Laurie M. , Bryngemark Lene , Hansson Ingemar , Filipsson Helena L.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Analyses of foraminiferal assemblages have often been implemented on dry
samples, which are easy to split. In some cases, the wet-picking method is
preferred as it allows the preservation of more foraminiferal forms and
facilitates the picking of live foraminifera. However, the increased
execution time needed for wet picking may cause micropalaeontologists to
refrain from employing it in a routine way. Here we present an improved and
cost-effective wet splitter (including a 3-D printing file) for
micropalaeontological samples aimed to reduce picking time while keeping
information loss to a minimum. We demonstrate small sample losses as well as
statistical consistency across splits. We show that the time saved picking a
subset will always be larger than the relative increase in statistical
uncertainty.
High-resolution marine flood modelling coupling overflow and overtopping processes: framing the hazard based on historical and statistical approaches
Authors: Nicolae Lerma Alexandre , Bulteau Thomas , Elineau Sylvain , Paris François , Durand Paul , Anselme Brice , Pedreros Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A modelling chain was implemented in order to propose a realistic appraisal of the risk in coastal areas affected by overflowing as well as overtopping processes. Simulations are performed through a nested downscaling strategy from regional to local scale at high spatial resolution with explicit buildings, urban structures such as sea front walls and hydraulic structures liable to affect the propagation of water in urban areas. Validation of the model performance is based on hard and soft available data analysis and conversion of qualitative to quantitative information to reconstruct the area affected by flooding and the succession of events during two recent storms. Two joint probability approaches (joint exceedance contour and environmental contour) are used to define 100-year offshore conditions scenarios and to investigate the flood response to each scenario in terms of (1) maximum spatial extent of flooded areas, (2) volumes of water propagation inland and (3) water level in flooded areas. Scenarios of sea level rise are also considered in order to evaluate the potential hazard evolution. Our simulations show that for a maximising 100-year hazard scenario, for the municipality as a whole, 38 % of the affected zones are prone to overflow flooding and 62 % to flooding by propagation of overtopping water volume along the seafront. Results also reveal that for the two kinds of statistic scenarios a difference of about 5 % in the forcing conditions (water level, wave height and period) can produce significant differences in terms of flooding like +13.5 % of water volumes propagating inland or +11.3 % of affected surfaces. In some areas, flood response appears to be very sensitive to the chosen scenario with differences of 0.3 to 0.5 m in water level. The developed approach enables one to frame the 100-year hazard and to characterize spatially the robustness or the uncertainty over the results. Considering a 100-year scenario with mean sea level rise (0.6 m), hazard characteristics are dramatically changed with an evolution of the overtopping ∕ overflowing process ratio and an increase of a factor 4.84 in volumes of water propagating inland and 3.47 in flooded surfaces.
Avaliação da Terapia Medicamentosa de Pacientes Portadores de Osteoporose, Atendidos na Farmácia Municipal do Crato-CE
Authors: Da Silva Márcia Dayane De Freitas , Bezerra Camila Alencar , Alencar Gustavo De Oliveira , Barreto Maria de Fátima Rocha , Pinto Natália Bitu , Do Souto Ricardo Peres , SILVA SARAIVA EMANUELA MACHADO
Published: January 2018

A osteoporose é uma doença metabólica do tecido ósseo, caracterizada pela perda gradual de massa óssea, ocasionando a deterioração da microarquitetura tecidual, que se torna mais frágil e suscetível a fraturas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os fatores relacionados ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes portadores de osteoporose atendidos na farmácia municipal da cidade do Crato-CE. Tratou-se de um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em março de 2016. Dentre os entrevistados 36,10% afirmaram realizar tratamento da osteoporose à 3-4 anos e 37,82% faz acompanhamento médico anualmente. Os medicamentos destinados ao tratamento da osteoporose foram o alendronato de sódio (69,75%) e carbonato de cálcio mais vitamina D3 (92,45%). Durante a consulta médica, 97,48% dos entrevistados afirmaram receber orientação sobre a posologia e 43,70% sobre o horário de administração. O tratamento medicamentoso destinado aos portadores de osteoporose no âmbito desta pesquisa atendeu aos preceitos básicos que visam o controle da doença e a recuperação da saúde do paciente.
IMPACTO DE ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PREVENÇÃO DE ERROS DE MEDICAÇÃO ENVOLVENDO MEDICAMENTOS POTENCIALMENTE PERIGOSOS
Authors: Coura Giovana Maria Elias , Bertollo Caryne Margotto , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga do
Published: January 2018

Os erros de medicação e eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos (EARM) estão entre as principais causas de danos associados à assistência em saúde. Nesta perspectiva, os Medicamentos Potencialmente Perigosos (MPP) configuram o grupo de medicamentos mais frequentemente associados à ocorrência de danos graves ao paciente. O presente estudo teve então como objetivo descrever estratégias de prevenção de erros de medicação envolvendo MPP e seus impactos. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão por meio de busca utilizando o termo “High-alert Medication” na base de dados PubMed. Utilizou-se como limite anos entre 2010 e 2015 e idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. Primeiramente, os artigos foram selecionados pelo título, depois pelo resumo e em seguida pelo texto na íntegra. Do total de 161 artigos recuperados, 8 foram incluídos. Deles, foram coletados os seguintes dados: estratégias de prevenção de erros implementadas e seu impacto. Alguns estudos utilizaram como estratégias de prevenção tecnologias em saúde. Estratégias mais simples, como preenchimento de checklists, identificação diferenciada para MPP, dupla checagem antes da administração entre outras também foram adotadas. Todos os estudos apresentaram impactos positivos com destaque para a redução no número de EARM. Observa-se, portanto, a importância da implementação de medidas preventivas envolvendo MPP.
DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL E PROPOSIÇÃO DE USO DE SAF PARA ÁREA DE PASTAGEM DEGRADADA
Authors: Bendito Bianca Pietsch Cunha , Souza Patrícia Aparecida de , Pereira Mayanne Alves , Gonçalves Douglas Santos
Published: January 2018

No Brasil, há milhões de áreas de pastagem em algum estágio de degradação. Com o intuito de reverter este quadro, o Plano Setorial de Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono (ABC) estimula a adoção de técnicas de recuperação e de utilização produtiva de pastagens degradadas. O Plano também visa tornar essas atividades economicamente mais atrativas; visa prevenir a degradação de novas áreas de pastagens e aumentar a produtividade. O Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) está entre os tipos de programas que compõem o Plano Setorial. O presente trabalho objetivou diagnosticar a degradação de uma área de pastagem no Município de Gurupi, TO, através da avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa, e indicar modelos de SAFs para aplicação na área. Os impactos descritos pelo “Check-list” foram: morte da pastagem, presença de plantas invasoras, compactação do solo e erosão laminar. A análise qualitativa dos impactos demonstrou o caráter reversível dos impactos, confirmado pela análise quantitativa. Esta revelou que a área se encontra em estado de degradação severa, necessitando de intervenção para reverter o quadro. De acordo com a literatura, os SAFs, que mesclam espécies arbóreas (eucalipto, mogno e cedro) com espécies não arbóreas, são modelos que podem gerar maiores ganhos econômicos e ambientais.
O PARQUE LINEAR DO CÓRREGO DO ÓLEO EM UBERLÂNDIA-MG: AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE CONSERVAÇÃO E PERCEPÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO LOCAL
Authors: Martins Lorraine Campos
Published: January 2018

Os parques lineares surgiram como uma iniciativa que possibilitaria a conservação das áreas de preservação permanente urbanas, contribuindo para o equilíbrio ambiental nas cidades, modificando a interação entre a população e os cursos d’água e integrando a os rios e suas margens ao tecido urbano. No Brasil, há uma legislação específica que orienta a gestão de áreas de preservação permanente, sobretudo em áreas rurais. Porém, o cuidado com as APPs urbanas fica a cargo da administração municipal, cabendo a ela a gestão destas áreas. A implantação de parques lineares contribui para melhoria da a qualidade ambiental e qualidade de vida da população das cidades. Mas, além disto, cabe salientar a importância do monitoramento de suas condições estruturais e ambientais, a fim de assegurar que sejam alcançados os objetivos para os quais os parques foram criados. Ademais, a participação da população é imprescindível para a orientação de intervenções que porventura se façam necessárias. Desta maneira, este estudo traz uma avaliação das condições de conservação ambiental e estrutural do Parque Linear do Córrego do Óleo, em Uberlândia-MG, e percepção da população residente nos bairros próximos, objetivando orientar possíveis medidas a serem tomadas, desde intervenções estruturais a ações de educação ambiental.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEOR DE METAIS PESADOS E DE PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS DA ÁGUA E SEDIMENTO DO LAGO BONSUCESSO, JATAÍ – GO
Authors: Martins Rafael Oliveira , Hoff Brait Carlos Henrique , Santos Francismário Ferreira dos
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de metais pesados (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, Hg) em água e sedimento e algumas propriedades fisico-químicas (pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), fósforo total (P), condutividade elétrica(CE), turbidez (TURB), dureza total (DT), total de sólidos dissolvidos (TDS), NaCl, NO3-, NO2-. Adicionalmente, foi feito a caracterização do sedimento (substância húmica (SH), matéria orgânica (MO) e capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC). Os dados dos parâmetros físico-químicos classificam as águas do lago Bonsucesso como de classe 3, segundo resolução CONAMA n. 357-2005. Apenas o ponto 2 apresentou baixa concentração de MO. Concentrações maiores que 10% já indica uma capacidade deste reter poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos. O pH do sedimento apresentou características ácidas, o que pode facilitar a liberação de íons complexados para o meio ambiente. As análises de metais pesados no sedimento revelaram a presença de Cádmio, Cromo, Cobre e Zinco em concentrações acima dos níveis 1 ou 2 da resolução CONAMA 454/2012, evidenciando o acúmulo no sedimento do lago. Na água, os metais Alumínio e Cobre apresentaram concentrações acima do limite permitido pela Resolução CONAMA n.357/2005, enquanto que os metais Arsênio e Mercúrio apenas nos pontos 1, 6, 8 e 1, 6 respectivamente.
Effects of Delay on Recognition of Happy and Angry Faces
Authors: Pazderski Sebastian , McBride Dawn M.
Published: January 2018

The current study examined discrepancies in facial recognition research results regarding emotional expression effects. Specifically, positive or negative expression advantages have been reported in face recognition across different studies. The current study explored delay effects as the cause of these mixed results. Target faces, half happy and half angry, were presented at study followed by recognition tests of the same and different faces at multiple test delays. An interaction was found between emotional expression and delay such that recognition of angry faces exceeded recognition of happy faces at shorter delays, whereas the reverse pattern was found for longer delays. The results support the suggestion that mixed findings regarding facial expression in past studies of face recognition are at least in part due to the variable delays used in those studies. Implications of these results for theoretical descriptions of facial recognition are discussed.
“Summoning Breadfruit” and “Opening Seas”: Toward a Performative Ecology in Oceania
Authors: Diettrich Brian
Published: January 2018

This article explores the implications of a performative ecology in Oceania by examining musical practices of “summoning breadfruit” and “opening seas” (wayfinding) in the Federated States of Micronesia. In the islands of Chuuk, dynamic relationships between music and environment demonstrate a deep engagement with place and performativity and a musical interdependence with the Oceanic surroundings. By examining remembered and present-day musical practices, I argue for a relational indigenous perspective that brings together ideas about performance, the physical environments of land and sea, and their integrated spiritual dimensions.
How are health literacy principles incorporated into breast cancer chemotherapy education? A review of the literature
Authors: Parker Pearman D. , Heiney Sue P. , Friedman Daniela B. , Felder Tisha M. , Estrada Robin Dawson , Harris Eboni Herbert , Adams Swann Arp
Published: January 2018

Background: Chemotherapy is commonly used in combination with other treatments for breast cancer. However, low adherence to chemotherapy is a growing concern, particularly among breast cancer patients. Side effects such as nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and arthralgia can contribute to reduced adherence. Other factors such as provider communication and limited insurance coverage can affect adherence. Studies have shown that as much as 28% of patients with breast cancer did not continue with their prescribed dose of chemotherapy. Research suggests that chemotherapy education materials can be critical to addressing problems with non-adherence, and may include written materials, verbal instruction, and multimedia programs. Despite this wide variety, the effectiveness and benefit of chemotherapy education hinges on the patients’ health literacy.  Breast cancer patients with low health literacy may be unclear about chemotherapy or face difficulty adhering to treatment if they do not understand the information provided to them. Thus, this scoping review summarizes the existing research on how health literacy principles are incorporated into breast cancer chemotherapy education materials.Methods: Using a combination of keywords (e.g. chemotherapy, education) and Medical subject headings (MeSH) terms (e.g., drug therapy, antineoplastic agents), we searched five databases (1977-2017): CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.Results: Eight of 4,624 articles met the inclusion criteria. Five articles incorporated health literacy principles (e.g., plain language, maintaining an active voice, using white space) into the development of written materials. Few articles used a theoretical framework to guide education material development (n = 3). Of the three articles that described pilot-testing of educational materials, two used post-tests only and one used a pre/post-test design.Conclusions: Findings indicated that limited research exists regarding the use of health literacy principles in chemotherapy education materials. Much of the development of chemotherapy education is not grounded in theory and the application of health literacy principles is limited. Implementing health literacy principles may improve overall comprehension of education thereby increasing adherence.
The Relationship between Students’ Satisfaction in the LMS “Acadox” and Their Perceptions of Its Usefulness, and Ease of Use
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Nahed F.
Published: January 2018

This study examined the relationship between students’ satisfaction in the newly developed Learning Management System “Acadox”, and their perceptions of its usefulness, and ease of use. The study used a descriptive correlational design to examine the relationships among variables, as they exist in their natural settings. To measure students’ satisfaction in Acadox, perceptions of usefulness, and perceptions of ease of use of Acadox, a web-basecd survey was developed be the researcher. Data were collected from seventy-five students enrolled in courses that used Acadox as a learning management system in the Middle East region, namely, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study revealed that students’ perceptions of ease of use, and perceptions of usefulness were significant predictors of satisfaction in Acadox. The findings of this study are consistent with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which indicates that one’s perceptions of ease of use, and perceptions of usefulness of the new technology are the key factors that determine whether user will accept or not the new technology.
Improving Student Reflection in Experiential Learning Reports in Post-Secondary Institutions
Authors: Tiessen Rebecca
Published: January 2018

Work-integrated learning options—or experiential learning—(such as co-operative education, practicum placements, and community service learning/volunteer placements) offer much scope for enhancing educational opportunities for post-secondary students to learn about the workplace and to develop skills that may contribute to their future employability. However, community service learning (CSL) placements and co-operative education (co-op) programs, among other forms of experiential learning, offer so much more than the practical outcomes of skills-development and résumé-building. They provide a space for reflexivity on the student’s positionality in relation to privilege and national and/or global citizenship identity-formation; for critical reflection on ethical issues; for the promotion of social justice; and for praxis (the application of knowledge). The research presented in this article is an evaluation of two sets of experiential learning reflection assignments: co-op work-term reports (from 2nd, 3rd, 4th year and graduate students) and CSL papers (assignments submitted for a fourth year class I taught in winter 2016 on experiential learning). I examine the common themes and differences between these two sets of assignments with particular attention to the preparation and facilitation of learning in both instances, and the difference this preparation makes in terms of the student’s critical reflection.
Distribuição e abundância da meiofauna da Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, Atlântico sul, no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Adriana Maria Cunha , Pereira Natan Silva
Published: January 2018

A meiofuna caracteriza-se por um grupo de organismos de organizações corporais e complexidades estruturais que permitiram sua integração ao ambiente intersticial. A variabilidade temporal da meiofauna ocorre em pequenas, médias e longas escalas e esse estudo objetivou a descrição da meiofauna do Atol das Rocas, ao longo de um ano de amostragens, correspondendo ao período seco e chuvoso, em quatro piscinas internas do Atol, localizadas a sotavento e a barlavento. Foram realizadas duas expedições ao atol, em dezembro de 2011 (período de estiagem) e em maio de 2012 (período chuvoso), ambas com duração de 30 dias. Em cada piscina foram coletadas, através de mergulho livre, quatro amostras de meiofauna, formando um quadrado imaginário de aproximadamente 1m², e uma amostra de sedimento. As amostras de meiofauna foram coletadas utilizando um testemunho de PVC de 10 cm de comprimento e 2,5 cm de diâmetro e formol salino a 4% como fixador. A meiofauna do Atol das Rocas esteve presente com 13 táxons, que seguindo a ordem evolutiva dos grupos, são eles: Cnidária, Nematoda, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Ostracoda, Náuplios, Copepoda, Tanaidacea, Acari, Aplacophora, Bivalve e Larvas de várias espécies. Os grupos Copepoda e Nematoda, representaram 41,72% e 30,67%, respectivamente, do total de organismos encontrados. No que se refere à frequência de ocorrência, os organismos foram classificados em grupos, com distribuição constante dominante: Copepoda, Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Ostracoda e Polychatea; com distribuição constante abundante: Larvas; com distribuição ocasional comum: Bivalve, Tanaidacea, e Tardigrada; e com distribuição ocasional raro: Aplacophora, Cnidaria e Náuplios. Ao analisar os dados utilizando o teste de média Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, observou-se que a interação dos fatores época e local de coleta, não foram significativos estatisticamente para a variável analisada densidade de meiofauna coletada. Porém, quando foram analisados os fatores separadamente, observou-se que para o fator local de coleta os dados foram estatisticamente significativos, onde o local Piscina Tartaruga, apresentou a maior densidade.
Resistencias a la introducción del sorteo entre el asamblearismo y la institucionalización: el caso de Podemos en Cádiz
Authors: Costa Delgado Jorge
Published: January 2018

La intención de este artículo es analizar la discusión en torno al sorteo en una agrupación política donde este tema era una novedad. Esto tuvo lugar en un momento especialmente delicado e inestable para la agrupación, ya que se enfrentaba con posibilidades de éxito a sus primeras elecciones municipales. ¿Cómo fue el proceso? ¿Qué resistencias hubo? ¿Qué ocurrió finalmente con las propuestas que incluían el sorteo? Trataré de responder a estas preguntas a través de cuatro momentos del proceso, atendiendo a la relación entre la posición en la agrupación de los agentes implicados y los argumentos esgrimidos en el debate.
Légitimer, rationaliser, expliquer la violence politique1
Authors: Guibet Lafaye Caroline
Published: January 2018

Bien que dans les sociétés démocratiques et libérales, l’usage de la violence visant à promouvoir des idées ou des options politiques soit réprouvé, il constitue pour bien des groupes une manière de « faire de la politique d’une autre façon ». Nous avons mené une enquête de sociologie qualitative auprès de mouvements politiques dits d’extrême gauche. Celle-ci nous permet d’identifier quatre répertoires de légitimation de la violence politique. Cette recherche permet ainsi d’enrichir l’opposition entre légitimation instrumentale et légitimation normative de la violence (Sommier, 2008), mais également les « techniques de neutralisation » discursives, mises en évidence par la sociologie de la déviance (Sykes et Matza, 1957) et employées par les contrevenants pour légitimer leurs actes.
Effects of chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on larvae of the hoverflyEristalis tenax(Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Basley Kate , Davenport Balin , Vogiatzis Kate , Goulson Dave
Published: January 2018

There is widespread concern over the use of neonicotinoid pesticides in the agro-ecosystem, due in part to their high water solubility which can lead to widespread contamination of non-target areas including standing surface water. Most studies investigating the negative fitness consequences of neonicotinoids have focused on bees, with little research on the impact on other non-target insects. Here we examined the effect of exposure on the aquatic larval stages of the hoverflyEristalis tenaxL. (Diptera: Syrphidae) to a range of concentrations (control, 5, 15, 50, 100 and 500 ppb) of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam; no published studies have thus far examined the effects of neonicotinoids on hoverflies. Survival was significantly lower when exposed to 500 ppb thiamethoxam, but this concentration exceeds that likely to be found in the field. We observed no effect on survival, development or any latent effects on adult activity budgets resulting from exposure to lower concentrations (up to 100 ppb). Our results suggest thatE. tenaxexposed as larvae to thiamethoxam are unlikely to be negatively impacted by this neonicotinoid under field conditions.
Validation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study
Authors: Mills Sarah D. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Gholizadeh Shadi , Fox Rina S. , Jewett Lisa R. , Gottesman Karen , Roesch Scott C. , Thombs Brett D. , Malcarne Vanessa L. ,   and the Scleroderma Patient‐centered Intervention Network Investigators
Published: January 2018

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that can cause disfiguring changes in appearance. This study examined the structural validity, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and measurement equivalence of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) across SSc disease subtypes.

Methods

Patients enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient‐centered Intervention Network Cohort completed the SAAS and measures of appearance‐related concerns and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the structural validity of the SAAS. Multiple‐group CFA was used to determine whether SAAS scores can be compared across patients with limited and diffuse disease subtypes. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine internal consistency reliability. Correlations of SAAS scores with measures of body image dissatisfaction, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety, and depression were used to examine convergent validity. SAAS scores were hypothesized to be positively associated with all convergent validity measures, with correlations significant and moderate to large in size.

Results

A total of 938 patients with SSc were included. CFA supported a 1‐factor structure (Comparative Fit Index 0.92, Standardized Root Mean Residual 0.04, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.08), and multiple‐group CFA indicated that the scalar invariance model best fit the data. Internal consistency reliability was good in the total sample (α = 0.96) and in disease subgroups. Overall, evidence of convergent validity was found with measures of body image dissatisfaction, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion

The SAAS can be reliably and validly used to assess fear of appearance evaluation in patients with SSc, and SAAS scores can be meaningfully compared across disease subtypes.