bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution à l'établissement du répertoire théâtral à la cour de Philippe IV et de Charles II
Authors: Subirats R.
Published: September 2010

L'examen de six dossiers conservés dans les Archives du Palais Royal de Madrid permet de retrouver la trace de huit cent quatre-vingt-quatorze représentations théâtrales données à la cour de Philippe IV et de Charles II et de quelques-unes de leurs circonstances. Il est ainsi possible de reconstituer fragmentairement un répertoire d'œuvres dramatiques interprétées au Palais en privé et en public, et de préciser les dates et les lieux des spectacles, le nom des compagnies qui les présentèrent et le montant de leurs rétributions.

Les résultats de cette étude sont synthétisés en un tableau alphabétique qui complète et prolonge les inventaires antérieurs en apportant des informations nouvelles sur les particulares du dernier tiers du XVIIe siècle.
L’identité, un concept embarrassant, constitutif de l’idée de musée
Authors: Chaumier Serge
Published: September 2010

This article focuses on the notion of identity. It begins by recalling how much the museum in general, but especially museums of ethnology and history, is linked to the concept of identity. The concept of identity was born of the modern philosophical tradition, a period during which the museum developed rapidly. However, the contemporary period is questioning the ontological foundations of that concept. The literature of the human and social sciences is increasingly contesting identity as an “umbrella” term. By re-reading several authors’ contributions, this article considers alternatives to the identity problematic in the museum sphere. For today museums find themselves in a contradiction, if not a kind of aporia. More than simply replacing one word for another, this article explores the very paradigmatic dimensions of the term identity. Beyond taking refuge in a discursive polyphony, the museum has a duty to offer responses and begin to incorporate the notion of interpretation.
Hitchcock et ses femmes massacrées
Authors: Esquenazi Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2010

Durante su carrera, Alfred Hitchcock se enfrentó con el «star system». Utilizó este lo más que podía, ofreciendo un lugar muy electivo a las estrellas femeninas. En sus últimas películas, se vengó muy brutalemente. Janet Leigh, Kim Novak, Tippi Hedren fueron «masacradas» en Psychose, Vertigo, Los Pájaros. Pero los diez minutos del asesinato de Brenda Leigh Hunt en Frenzy fueron sin duda lo mejor (o lo peor?) que hizo el maestro…
Politique du patrimoine en Allemagne : un fédéralisme de coopération
Authors: Charléty Véronique
Published: September 2010

En Allemagne, les formes d’intervention publique sont multiples (subventions ponctuelles et régulières, législation relative aux droits d’auteur, fiscalité incitative, dégrèvements fiscaux, participation à des organismes de droit privé…). Les grandes villes qui gèrent les équipements lourds (musées, orchestres, opéras, théâtres) consacrent en général une part considérable de leur budget à ces institutions, alors que les petites et moyennes communes financent davantage les activités relevant de l’animation culturelle et de l’éveil artistique. La seule garantie d’autonomie est de pouvoir accéder à la plus large pluralité de sources de financement, publiques (différents niveaux de gouvernement, organismes publics) et privées (individus, entreprises, publicités…). L’engagement financier des pouvoirs publics se justifie seulement s’il est destiné à atteindre des objectifs d’utilité sociale bien déterminée (pluralisme culturel, démocratie culturelle, rééquilibrage géographique et social, soutien à l’innovation et à l’expérimentation, protection du patrimoine culturel…). La régulation publique doit permettre de poser certaines règles du jeu et de mieux répartir les sources de financement, entre les investisseurs privés et publics d’une part, entre le pouvoir central et les collectivités territoriales d’autre part. Progressivement, la politique de conservation du patrimoine est intégrée à un projet global de développement (spatial, culturel, social et pédagogique). Cette conception plus large du patrimoine, de ses usages et de ses implications, permet de renforcer les coopérations, tant au niveau des législations qu’au niveau des institutions. Des solutions originales ont été trouvées, notamment par la mise en place d’organes de consultation et de concertation multisectorielle, entre les partenaires concernés par un même projet. L’analyse de la complexité culturelle allemande montre combien il devient nécessaire de renforcer la coordination horizontale, pluridisciplinaire et multisectorielle. Elle implique également une vision complémentaire des champs d’action aux échelles locale, régionale, nationale et européenne. Cette coordination favorise dans le système fédéral allemand un développement de coopérations, d’échanges d’informations et de bonnes pratiques, sur le plan transrégional comme sur le plan national et transnational.
Les tensions du discours muséographique sur les sciences : forum de savoirs, jeux de pouvoirs
Authors: Poli Marie-Sylvie
Published: September 2010

In this article, we take up a critical stance to question the interferences between professional practices that are getting more and more innovative in the way exhibits are displayed, and increasingly polyphonic discourses about the relationship between science and society. However, such a multiplication of points on view in contemporary approaches to science museums - a rhetorical strategy aiming at reaching the greatest possible neutrality in their form of expression (a fact journalists are well aware of) - has resulted in making messages confusing. Some studies carried out among various target audiences confirm that impression. Our purpose here, is to suggest an in-depth analysis of the way such «blurred discourses» impact the information they deliver, as they implicitly express interests and view-points originating from such dissimilar social environments as state-owned or private research laboratories, the media, business concerns and art or education environments.
Le conflit des images médiatiques sur Clermont-Ferrand
Authors: Vedrine Corine
Published: September 2010

L' architecture et l’histoire économique de Clermont-Ferrand, berceau de l’entreprise Michelin, ont inspiré aux créateurs et journalistes la construction de deux villes imaginaires. La première renvoie aux clichés de la ville provinciale agraire et reculée. La seconde, baptisée «Michelinville», renvoie aux stéréotypes de la ville noire industrielle, productrice de misère sociale. Si l’entreprise a effectivement nourri un imaginaire local partagé par les Clermontois, dont l’esprit Michelin est indéniablement un élément clef, les habitants s’indignent des clichés produits sur leur ville et souffrent de la réputation qu’ils leur donnent. Dans ce contexte, la municipalité a précisément engagé une politique d’image visant à combattre les stéréotypes dont la ville est victime. Prometteuse d’une «nouvelle ambiance de ville» tant urbaine que sociale, cette politique réhabilite et requalifie non seulement les espaces clermontois, mais également l’image que les habitants ont d’eux-mêmes. Bien plus, les Clermontois s’approprient la politique de communication municipale articulée autour du «changement» d’une «ville en mouvement» pour défendre Clermont-Ferrand face aux regards stéréotypés.
La mise en exposition de l’alimentation : L’exemple de l’Alimentarium de Vevey
Authors: Schärer Martin R.
Published: September 2010

The article begins with thoughts on general museology, then presents and analyses several tangible creations : two permanent and three temporary «museo-food» exhibitions at the Alimentarium Food Museum in Vevey Switzerland. Food proves to be an excellent subject matter to demonstrate the theory and logic of museum communication. It always comes back to its cultural context. The author uses examples of exhibitions and various interactive educational demonstrations and workshops to consider the possibilities and limitations of the science of museology. The soup tureen, a key exhibit in the Alimentarium, is presented as a paradigm linking museology theory with practice. Exploring various communication techniques contributed immensely to the remake of the permanent exhibition.
Le site antique (Ier-IIIe s.) des "Béziaux" à Langeais (Indre-et-Loire) avec la collaboration de Fabrice Couvin pour l'étude du mobilier céramique et de Philippe Blanchard pour l'étude des structures funéraires / The gallo-roman rural settlement (1st-3rd C. A.D.) at "Les Béziaux" in Langeais (Indre-et-Loire)
Authors: Guiot Thibaud , Couvin Fabrice , Blanchard Philippe
Published: September 2010

The "A.85 (Angers-Tours) " motorway project has brought about the rescue excavation of a

Gallo-roman rural settlement, at "Les Béziaux " in Langeais (Indre-et-Loire). The buildings were established on a headland dominating the Valley of the Loire, along the ancient track from Tours to Angers. A farmyard, some dwellings and farm buildings of a pars rustica, many excavated fittings and infant burials characterise this settlement dating back from the Ist and the IIIrd c. AD. These results gave information about the antique civitas turonum, especially about the settlements that stood along the Roman road after the second half of the Ist c. AD. It's an example of a particular and privileged villa's position: both near the road and protected by the natural rampart of the steep slope.
Le Berry antique - De la carte au modèle-chorème / Ancient berry - From map to chorematic model
Authors: Batardy Christophe
Published: September 2010

L' Atlas du Berry réalisé à l'aide d'un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) a posé les bases

d'une analyse géographique de la cité des Bituriges Cubes. La chorématique peut permettre d'aller au-delà.
Du 'marché' à la 'citoyenneté' : à la recherche d’un droit privé européen durable et de sa base juridique
Authors: Moccia Luigi
Published: October 2010

Les implications de l’idée d’une codification européenne du droit privé, et notamment du droit des contrats, sont nombreuses et l’auteur estime nécessaire de poser une question préliminaire: que devons-nous entendre par «droit privé européen»? L’auteur dresse une esquisse des différentes significations et combinaisons de cette expression: un «droit européen» de l’histoire (et de la comparaison), vu comme droit qui existe «au-dessous des États» (et leurs traditions juridiques); un «droit européen» (dans le sens de droit communautaire) vu comme droit placé «au-dessus des États»; un «droit européen» qui se produit quotidiennement dans le monde des affaires, de la profession judiciaire et légale et même dans l’ensemble de la culture juridique vivant et qui existe donc «en dehors des États». L’auteur aborde ensuite le problème du fondement du droit privé européen, qui jusqu’à présent a été identifié seulement et avec une certaine obstination dans les articles 65 et 95 TCE, c’est-à-dire dans le «marché intérieur», en tant que synonyme d’un espace et d’un droit «unique», ce qui pose néanmoins des problèmes. Un point d’appui plus solide pourrait être donné en ajoutant la «citoyenneté européenne» (art. 17 TCE), en tant que synonyme d’une pluralité d’espaces (nationaux, mais aussi locaux, au niveau des autonomies régionales) complémentaires et donc en tant que condition juridique de pleine subjectivité qui complète et enrichit la dotation des droits de la personne, en la projetant justement dans la dimension d’un système de droit privé ayant une valeur européenne, c’est-à-dire commune aux citoyens européens qui comme tel n’appartient pas seulement à un Etat national mais aussi à une communauté (voire société civile) d’égaux par tout le territoire de l’Union.
L’identification par empreintes génétiques en matière civile en République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Furkel Françoise
Published: October 2010

For many years, genetic fingerprinting has played an important role in most European countries either to deny or to confirm a person’s descent. Sometimes the DNA fingerprint is even called “royal evidence“. To a certain extent, this is also true for Germany. However, the attitude towards the use of genetic fingerprinting in Civil Law is somewhat ambiguous in this country. On the one hand, for the sake of “scientific truth“, genetic tests are considered a simple device available to individuals who can then resort to a private laboratory, independently of any Court inquiry. On the other hand, evidence based on genetic fingerprinting is regarded by most scholars with a barely concealed suspicion; and until today, courts tend to put it aside, favoring traditional scientific methods. How can one conciliate such restrictive views with the enthusiasm which is usually to be found in Germany concerning any methods of investigation likely to verify a person’s descent? This is a crucial question considering that reluctance against the genetic fingerprint is not substantially founded, since this method is now reliable beyond any reasonable doubt. This suspicion, which comes somewhat surprisingly for a foreign observer, may be explained once again by the widespread (but in our opinion largely exaggerated) German apprehension against genetic engineering in general.
Le Code Napoléon en Roumanie au siècle dernier
Authors: Bocşan Mircea-Dan
Published: October 2010

L’influence du Code Napoléon en Roumanie après 1904 peut être analysée en trois périodes. La première (jusqu’en 1947) a envisagé l’assimilation définitive du code moderne de 1865 et l’unification législative de la Roumanie. Le pouvoir communiste a essayé entre 1948 et 1989 des refontes législatives – mais toujours sur les bases traditionnelles françaises. Finalement, les quinze dernières années, sont des années caractérisées par une restauration des valeurs et des aspirations européennes. Le Code civil a survécu au communisme mais l’immobilisme législatif a engendré une situation paradoxale: ce code est aujourd’hui plus proche du Code Napoléon de 1804 que le code français. Une révision s’avère donc souhaitable et elle a été amorcée en 1998 en bénéficiant de l’expérience québécoise.
L’authenticité d’une œuvre d’art. Comparaison franco-anglaise
Authors: Vigneron Sophie
Published: October 2010

Les concepts d’erreur en droit français et de mistake en droit anglais ont des domaines très différents. Le premier est entendu d’une façon très large pour protéger le consentement des parties. Le second est défini très restrictivement afin de garantir la sécurité contractuelle. La décision Great Peace, rendue par la Court of Appeal en octobre 2002, a renforcé cette différence en supprimant le concept de mistake qui existait en

Equity.

Cette divergence est évidente lorsque l’erreur porte sur l’authenticité d’une oeuvre d’art. Alors que l’inauthenticité permet d’obtenir l’annulation du contrat pour vice du consentement en droit français, il faut se tourner, en droit anglais, vers d’autres mécanismes comme la misrepresentation et l’inexécution pour obtenir un résultat similaire. Cette illustration montre que l’harmonisation européenne doit se faire par la définition de clauses contractuelles communes, comme la Commission européenne l’a envisagé dans son récent Plan d’action et non par catégorie de concepts. Une telle harmonisation permettrait d’encourager la création d’un marché de l’art européen homogène.
Les droits fondamentaux en pays arabo-musulmans
Authors: Jahel Selim
Published: October 2010

The very large «open list» of fundamental rights that we have in Europe can only be shared with difficulty with countries belonging to another area of civilisation like Arab-Muslim countries. However Muslim jurisconsults have retained as early as the VIIth century a certain number of fundamental rights such as the respect of life, of human beings, of human dignity, and the dismissal of constraint in religion. More recently the Organisation of the Islamic Conference has multiplied Islamic declarations of human rights inspired from the Universal Declaration of 1948. But all these rights, regarded as gifts of God, can only be exercised in accordance to the content of the law He has given to men, the Charï’a. It still occupies a prominent place in the legal order of Arab and Muslim countries, especially in those proclaiming to be Islamic states (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Soudan, …). All must respect its dispositions and especially the ones which establish a discriminatory regime towards women and nonmuslims and restrictions to the freedom of conscience. This obviously results in a noticeable reduction of the number of fundamental rights recognised in these countries, and at any case in the limitation of their exercise.
Procédure civile et culture juridique
Authors: Stürner Rolf
Published: October 2010

The article analyzes the interrelationship between procedural laws and their embedding legal cultures. In doing so, it addresses mainly the following topics: party disposition, structure of civil procedure, law of evidence, written, oral, and public procedure, access to justice, and the distribution of roles between the court and the parties to litigation. Although the civil procedures of the various traditional law families have retained many characteristic features, their fundamental principles are more and more converging on the basis of a more or less common legal culture of Western civilization. The most significant differences exist between the American jury model and all the other procedural models independently of their origin and genesis. But American juries will not completely disappear because they are until now the only really appropriate democratic counterbalance to the growth of economic power and to worldwide market freedoms without worldwide enforceable regulations. Nevertheless it is to be expected that a second procedural model for less spectacular cases will develop in the U. S. completely harmonizing with worldwide accepted principles of civil procedure.
Les longs adieux : la codification italienne et le Code Napoléon dans le déclin du positivisme étatique
Authors: Mattei Ugo , Di Robilant Anna
Published: October 2010

Les 60 ans de l’actuel Code civil italien (1942) et le bicentenaire du Code civil (1804) sollicitent une inévitable réflexion sur la structure et l’esthétique de deux importantes manifestations de l’esprit de code et, en même temps, elles portent à s’interroger sur la validité persistante de la forme-code dans le panorama du droit «mondialisé». Dans ce but, les auteurs partent d’une brève enquête sur les racines culturelles du texte du code, pour ensuite en examiner en détail la structure du point de vue du droit comparé. Le Code civil italien de 1942 est en effet intimement lié à l’expérience politique et culturelle autochtone, même s’il est resté ouvert aux influences françaises et allemandes. Le portrait du code ainsi défini sera suivi par quelques considérations sur les dynamiques d’influence et de circulation des tournures et des solutions juridiques. La question de la nécessité et de la validité de la forme-code ainsi que l’opportunité d’une codification européenne conclura la réflexion.
Formation of epoxide-amine oligo-adducts as OH-functionalized initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Theis Julia , Ritter Helmut
Published: October 2010

Epoxide-amine oligo-adducts were synthesized via a one-pot microwave assisted heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Accordingly, 4-nitroanisole was reduced under microwave conditions to give 4-aminoanisole which reacted immediately with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A in an addition polymerization reaction to yield oligo(amino alcohol)s. The hydroxy groups of the new formed oligomers were used as the initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to produce a graft copolymer.
Study on the use of ICTs as teaching tools by university instructors
Authors: Guerra-Liaño Sonsoles , González-Fernández Natalia , García-Ruiz Rosa
Published: September 2010

The learning environment at the university stage which provides the Bologna Declaration has long indicated the need for major changes, among others, in the teaching methodology and teaching resources used by the university teachers. With this work, we aim to demonstrate some of the results achieved from the implementation of a National Research Project that has been carried out by four Spanish Universities. The objectives of the project aim to describe, through an exploratory study, the methodological situation in which our universities are highlighting their strengths and weaknesses based on the premises of the European Higher Education to suggest some strategies in order to facilitate the necessary adaptation. The methodology followed by implementing a questionnaire focused on concrete analysis of the dimension of the Information Technologies and Communication Technologies (ICT) reflects the view of university teachers and through the analysis of results allows confirming the need for adaptation by the universities for the implementation, with guarantees of the mentioned education reform. This article also presents several conclusions and suggestions for educational improvement focused on teaching and methodological training in the use of teaching tools that can promote the suggestions provided by the European Higher Education using ICT, as for example those offered by Web 2.0.

El entorno educativo en la etapa universitaria que establece la declaración de Bolonia indica desde hace tiempo la necesidad de cambios importantes, entre otros, en la metodología docente y en los recursos didácticos empleados por parte del profesorado. Con este trabajo, se pretenden mostrar algunos de los resultados logrados a partir de la ejecución de un Proyecto de Investigación (I+D+i) que se ha llevado a cabo por parte de cuatro Universidades españolas. Entre los objetivos del proyecto, se pretende describir, mediante un estudio exploratorio, la situación en materia metodológica en la que se encuentran nuestras Universidades, resaltando sus puntos fuertes y débiles en base a las premisas del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), para proponer algunas estrategias que permitan facilitar el ajuste necesario. El proceso metodológico seguido, en el que se recoge la opinión del profesorado universitario mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario, centrado en el análisis concreto de la dimensión Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), permite, a partir del análisis de los resultados, constatar la necesidad de adaptación por parte de las Universidades para la ejecución, con garantías, de dicha reforma educativa. Asimismo se presentan una serie de conclusiones y propuestas de mejora centradas en la formación metodológica docente y también en la utilización de herramientas didácticas que pueden favorecer las sugerencias establecidas por el EEES utilizando las TIC, como las que ofrece la Web 2.0.
Decision Process for Energy Efficient Building Retrofits: The Owner's Perspective
Authors: Jones Birk , Bogus Susan M
Published: September 2010

The process by which a building owner evaluates and decides upon energy conservation measures (ECMs) for a building retrofit is key towards achieving efficient results. However, many owners rely on unsophisticated evaluation methods, which potentially limits the amount of energy reduced in the commercial building. Reducing energy in the nearly 4.9 million commercial buildings is critical because they account for approximately one fifth of the total energy consumption in the United States. Reducing their energy consumption levels will have significant impacts on energy dependency, Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG), and operations costs. The decision processes of twelve private and public organizations in New Mexico were evaluated through collective case study research. The processes of each organization were compared and key steps were identified. Then the most used and critical steps were combined to create an integrated decision approach that optimizes cost savings and GHG emission reductions. This integrated decision process involves five main steps: (1) Building Energy Data; (2) Energy Identification and Analysis; (3) Assessment; (4) Design and Planning; and (5) Approval.
Belhassen Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Study
Authors: Weaver Lauren , Curry Michelle , Schakenbach Linda , Yakobitis Kathleen
Published: October 2010

The authors summarize the information in the literature, present a case study, and describe the nursing care provided.
In Vivo Imaging Biomarkers in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Are We Lost in Translation or Breaking Through?
Authors: Delatour Benoît , Epelbaum Stéphane , Petiet Alexandra , Dhenain Marc
Published: September 2010

Identification of biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a critical priority to efficiently diagnose the patients, to stage the progression of neurodegeneration in living subjects, and to assess the effects of disease-modifier treatments. This paper addresses the development and usefulness of preclinical neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. It is today possible to image in vivo the brain of small rodents at high resolution and to detect the occurrence of macroscopic/microscopic lesions in these species, as well as of functional alterations reminiscent of AD pathology. We will outline three different types of imaging biomarkers that can be used in AD mouse models: biomarkers with clear translational potential, biomarkers that can serve as in vivo readouts (in particular in the context of drug discovery) exclusively for preclinical research, and finally biomarkers that constitute new tools for fundamental research on AD physiopathogeny.
Study on the Durability of Recast Nafion/Montmorillonite Composite Membranes in Low Humidification Conditions
Authors: Pozio A. , Cemmi A. , Mura F. , Masci A. , Silva R. F.
Published: September 2010

Nafion composite membranes were formed from a recasting procedure previously reported by the authors. Montmorillonite (MMT) was used as a filler in the recasting procedure, and dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as the casting solvent. Fuel cell tests performed with the recast membrane showed that at low relative humidity (R.H.) the conductivity of the MMT-containing membranes is 10% higher than that of the MMT-free samples. In order to investigate the durability of such composite perfluorosulfonate membranes, long-term fuel cell experiments have been carried out. Results evidenced a strong effect of low RH on the lifetime of commercial polymer membranes, but the addition of a small silicate amount to the polymeric membrane reduced strongly the membrane degradation.
Positioning e-skills within an organisation: An information systems management viewpoint
Authors: Mitrovic Zoran
Published: October 2010

The intersection of business and IT in an organisation requires people with diverse business- and technology-related competences and skills, commonly referred to as ‘e-competences’ and ‘e-skills’. The positioning of these competences within an IT function in an organisation is (arguably) well defined, but their place in other areas of business managerial concern in an organisation, such as business processes or organisational strategy, is still not sufficiently clear. As e-skills and e-competences are inevitably associated with the use of organisational information systems (IS), this paper reports an initial study aimed at positioning these competences and skills within an organisation from an IS perspective. The positioning was done by examining models of IS, e-competences and e-skills and identifying their possible areas of intersection, which resulted in mapping these competences and skills to the areas of managerial concern in an organisation – as seen from an IS perspective. This mapping has revealed an initial understanding of how business value, here seen as business benefits, is created by using the e-skills and e-competences (supposedly) possessed by employees throughout an organisation.
Boundary regularity for a parabolic obstacle type problem
Authors: Andersson John E.
Published: October 2010

We study the regularity of the free boundary, near contact points with the fixed boundary, for a parabolic free boundary problem

\begin{align*}
&Δu–∂u/∂t = χ_{\{u≠0\}} && \text{in } Q_r^+ = \{(x, t) \in B_r \times (–r^2, 0); \ x_1 > 0\}, \\
&u = f(x, t) &&\text{on } \{x_1 = 0\} ∩ Q_r.
\end{align*}

We will show that under certain regularity assumptions on the boundary data

f

the free boundary is a

C^1

manifold up to the fixed boundary. We also show that the

C^1

modulus of continuity is uniform for a certain, and specified, subclass of solutions.
On the two-phase Navier–Stokes equations with surface tension
Authors: Prüss Jan , Simonett Gieri
Published: October 2010

The two-phase free boundary problem for the Navier–Stokes system is considered in a situation where the initial interface is close to a halfplane. By means of
Lp
-maximal regularity of the underlying linear problem we show local well-posedness of the problem, and prove that the solution, in particular the interface, becomes instantaneously real analytic.
Crossword Puzzles as Learning Tools in Introductory Soil Science
Authors: Barbarick K. A.
Published: October 2010

Students in introductory courses generally respond favorably to novel approaches to learning. To this end, I developed and used three crossword puzzles in spring and fall 2009 semesters in Introductory Soil Science Laboratory at Colorado State University. The first hypothesis was that crossword puzzles would improve introductory soil science students’ interest in lab assignments. I used a five‐question survey and one‐way analyses of variance and chi‐square statistical tests of the responses (responses were coded to a Likert scale) to test this hypothesis. Results indicated positive responses to crossword‐puzzle usage; but, I found different average responses between the six sets of puzzles relative to their difficulty. The second hypothesis was that student reaction to each survey question would correlate to their total points earned or their academic major. The best correlation coefficient was a negative relationship between the survey question asking about the difficulty of the puzzle and the total points earned. Based on the positive student response for spring 2009 and fall 2009, I will routinely use crossword and possibly other “puzzles” in the Introductory Soil Science Laboratory course.
Quantiferon-Leishmania as an Epidemiological Tool for Evaluating the Exposure to Leishmania Infection
Authors: Turgay Nevin , Balcioglu I. Cuneyt , Toz Seray Ozensoy , Ozbel Yusuf , Jones Stephen L.
Published: October 2010

The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate the potential of measurement of IFN-γ secretion by T cells into blood plasma using QuantiFERON assay with leishmanial antigens to determine the presence of Leishmania infection. Blood samples from cured visceral (N = 18), and cutaneous (N = 20) leishmaniasis cases, and 20 healthy controls were tested. The IFN-γ responses to Leishmania major H2B and Leishmania infantum H2B antigens were detected from the majority of treated old visceral leishmaniasis cases, but not from controls. Future studies using larger groups will be required to establish the true potential of the assay for epidemiological screening of leishmaniasis.
Granada Virus: a Natural Phlebovirus Reassortant of the Sandfly Fever Naples Serocomplex with Low Seroprevalence in Humans
Authors: Collao Ximena , Palacios Gustavo , de Ory Fernando , Sanbonmatsu Sara , Pérez-Ruiz Mercedes , Navarro José María , Molina Ricardo , Hutchison Stephen K. , Lipkin Ian W. , Tenorio Antonio , Sánchez-Seco María Paz
Published: October 2010

A new member of the phlebovirus genus, tentatively named Granada virus, was detected in sandflies collected in Spain. By showing the presence of specific neutralizing antibodies in human serum collected in Granada, we show that Granada virus infects humans. The analysis of the complete genome of Granada virus revealed that this agent is likely to be a natural reassortant of the recently described Massilia virus (donor of the long and short segments) with a yet unidentified phlebovirus (donor of the medium segment).
Japanese Encephalitis Disease Burden and Clinical Features of Japanese Encephalitis in Four Cities in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Yin Zundong , Wang Huanyu , Yang Jinye , Luo Huiming , Li Yixing , Hadler Stephen C. , Sandhu Hardeep S. , Fischer Marc , Jiang Yongzhong , Zhang Zhenguo , Liu Guifang , Li Li , Johnson Barbara W. , Liang Xiaofeng , _ _
Published: October 2010

The incidence rate of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the People's Republic of China has decreased substantially with the wide use of JE vaccine, but the accuracy of JE reporting is uncertain. We established active surveillance for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in four prefectures in China during 2006–2008 and performed JE laboratory testing on AMES cases identified from six sentinel hospitals in each prefecture. We estimated JE incidence for each prefecture by applying age-adjusted and season-adjusted JE positivity rates from sentinel hospitals to the total AMES resident cases. We identified 4,513 AMES cases, including 3,561 (79%) among residents of four prefectures. Among 2,294 AMES cases from sentinel hospitals, we identified 213 (9.2%) laboratory-confirmed JE cases. Adjusted estimates of JE incidence per 100,000 persons ranged from 0.08 in Shijiazhuang to 1.58 in Guigang. Active surveillance and laboratory confirmation provides a better estimate of the actual JE disease burden and should be used to further refine JE prevention strategies.
Pediatric Diarrhea in Southern Ghana: Etiology and Association with Intestinal Inflammation and Malnutrition
Authors: Opintan Japheth A. , Newman Mercy J. , Ayeh-Kumi Patrick F. , Affrim Raymond , Gepi-Attee Rosina , Sevilleja Jesus E. A. D. , Roche James K. , Nataro James P. , Warren Cirle A. , Guerrant Richard L.
Published: October 2010

Diarrhea is a major public health problem that affects the development of children. Anthropometric data were collected from 274 children with (N = 170) and without (N = 104) diarrhea. Stool specimens were analyzed by conventional culture, polymerase chain reaction for enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Shigella, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba, and Giardia species, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for fecal lactoferrin levels. About 50% of the study population was mildly to severely malnourished. Fecal lactoferrin levels were higher in children with diarrhea (P = 0.019). Children who had EAEC infection, with or without diarrhea, had high mean lactoferrin levels regardless of nutritional status. The EAEC and Cryptosporidium were associated with diarrhea (P = 0.048 and 0.011, respectively), and malnourished children who had diarrhea were often co-infected with both Cryptosporidium and EAEC. In conclusion, the use of DNA-biomarkers revealed that EAEC and Cryptosporidium were common intestinal pathogens in Accra, and that elevated lactoferrin was associated with diarrhea in this group of children.
Range-wide Determinants of Plague Distribution in North America
Authors: Maher Sean P. , Ellis Christine , Gage Kenneth L. , Enscore Russell E. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: October 2010

Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is established across western North America, and yet little is known of what determines the broad-scale dimensions of its overall range. We tested whether its North American distribution represents a composite of individual host–plague associations (the “Host Niche Hypothesis”), or whether mammal hosts become infected only at sites overlapping ecological conditions appropriate for plague transmission and maintenance (the “Plague Niche Hypothesis”). We took advantage of a novel data set summarizing plague records in wild mammals newly digitized from paper-based records at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop range-wide tests of ecological niche similarity between mammal host niches and plague-infected host niches. Results indicate that plague infections occur under circumstances distinct from the broader ecological distribution of hosts, and that plague-infected niches are similar among hosts; hence, evidence coincides with the predictions of the Plague Niche Hypothesis, and contrasts with those of the Host Niche Hypothesis. The “plague niche” is likely driven by ecological requirements of vector flea species.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Tuberculosis among Maasai in Simanjiro District, Tanzania
Authors: Haasnoot Pieter Jacob , Boeting Tijs Evert , Kuney Moignet Ole , van Roosmalen Jos
Published: October 2010

The objectives of this study are to determine knowledge, attitudes, and practice among Maasai concerning tuberculosis (TB), and to gain insight into the role of traditional healers in diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a descriptive-explorative study using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews collating information to assess and compare TB knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The study population consisted of the Maasai population. The Maasai have insufficient understanding concerning TB. Schooling has a significant positive effect on knowledge. The Maasai believe TB is manifest as a punishment from god and is treatable with herbs, roots, and bark. The Maasai have numerous other erroneous health assumptions and beliefs concerning TB. Traditional healers act as family doctors and play a key role in TB treatment initiation and adherence. Traditional healers have substantial influence over primary diagnosis and treatment of TB. Education could positively affect initiation of diagnosis and treatment, resulting in better TB control.
Centers for Disease Control Light Traps for Monitoring Anopheles arabiensis Human Biting Rates in an Area with Low Vector Density and High Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Use
Authors: Fornadel Christen M. , Norris Laura C. , Norris Douglas E.
Published: October 2010

Human landing catches (HLCs) are currently the preferred method to determine vector human biting rates (HBRs), which are key determinants of entomologic inoculation rates and important measures for assessing the impact of vector control efforts. Although HLCs are the most direct means of establishing HBRs, they are labor-intensive, and their use is facing increasing ethical concerns. The relationship between Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and HLC collections was evaluated in Macha, Zambia during the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 rainy seasons. A CDC light trap captured on average 1.91 (95% confidence interval = 1.16–2.28) times as many An. arabiensis per night as an indoor HLC. Additionally, nets treated with deltamethrin did not affect the numbers of An. arabiensis collected. Our results suggest that in regions where use of vector control interventions is high and vector densities are low, CDC light traps can be used to monitor An. arabiensis HBRs.
Liver Involvement Associated with Dengue Infection in Adults in Vietnam
Authors: Trung Dinh The , Thao Le Thi Thu , Hien Tran Tinh , Hung Nguyen The , Vinh Nguyen Ngoc , Hien Pham Tran Dieu , Chinh Nguyen Tran , Simmons Cameron , Wills Bridget
Published: October 2010

Globally, the number of adults hospitalized with dengue has increased markedly in recent years. It has been suggested that hepatic dysfunction is more significant in this group than among children. We describe the spectrum and evolution of disease manifestations among 644 adults with dengue who were prospectively recruited on admission to a major infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam and compare them with a group of patients with similar illnesses not caused by dengue. Transaminase levels increased in virtually all dengue patients and correlated with other markers of disease severity. However, peak enzyme values usually occurred later than other complications. Clinically severe liver involvement was infrequent and idiosyncratic, but usually resulted in severe bleeding. Chronic co-infection with hepatitis B was associated with modestly but significantly increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, but did not otherwise impact the clinical picture.
Immunoblot Diagnostic Test for Neurognathostomiasis
Authors: Intapan Pewpan M. , Khotsri Piyarat , Kanpittaya Jaturat , Chotmongkol Verajit , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Maleewong Wanchai
Published: October 2010

Neurognathostomiasis is a rare but severe form of human gnathostomiasis. Diagnosis of neurognathostomiasis is made presumably by using clinical manifestations. Serologic tests for neurognathostomiasis are not widely available and limited. We studied 12 patients with diagnoses of neurognathostomiasis at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. There were three types of neurognathostomiasis (five patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, one patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and six patients with myelitis). All patients were tested for antibodies against Gnathostoma spinigerum by an immunoblotting technique. The sensitivity and specificity of the 21-kD and 24-kD diagnostic bands were 83.3% and 100%, and 91.7% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the 21-kD and 24-kD diagnostic bands were all 100%. Both diagnostic bands are a helpful diagnostic tool for neuro gnathostomiasis and show good diagnostic properties.
Classification of Dengue Illness Based on Readily Available Laboratory Data
Authors: Potts James A. , Thomas Stephen J. , Srikiatkhachorn Anon , Supradish Pra-on , Li Wenjun , Nisalak Ananda , Nimmannitya Suchitra , Endy Timothy P. , Libraty Daniel H. , Gibbons Robert V. , Green Sharone , Rothman Alan L. , Kalayanarooj Siripen
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to examine retrospective dengue-illness classification using only clinical laboratory data, without relying on X-ray, ultrasound, or percent hemoconcentration. We analyzed data from a study of children who presented with acute febrile illness to two hospitals in Thailand. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to distinguish: (1) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) versus dengue fever (DF), (2) DHF versus DF + other febrile illness (OFI), (3) dengue versus OFI, and (4) severe dengue versus non-severe dengue + OFI. Data from the second hospital served as a validation set. There were 1,227 patients in the analysis. The sensitivity of the models ranged from 89.2% (dengue versus OFI) to 79.6% (DHF versus DF). The models showed high sensitivity in the validation dataset. These models could be used to calculate a probability and classify patients based on readily available clinical laboratory data, and they will need to be validated in other dengue-endemic regions.
The CyScope® Fluorescence Microscope, a Reliable Tool for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Lehman Leopold G. , Yamadji Arlette L. Ngapmen , Sack Françoise Ngo , Bilong Charles F. Bilong
Published: October 2010

Poor laboratory equipment and few human resources have made it difficult to implement microscopic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on a large scale basis worldwide. Three hundred sputum samples from patients in Cameroon were studied by using the CyScope®, a new light-emitting, diode-based, fluorescence microscope, to compare auramine-rhodamine fluorescence with the conventional Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Five fluorescence protocols were tested to reduce manipulation time. Smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli with the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was 27.7% (83 of 300) compared with 33.3% (100 of 300) with the fluorescent method. Staining time with the modified fluorescence protocol could be reduced from 21 minutes to 10 minutes. This study confirmed that the fluorescence staining method is more sensitive than the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. It is suggested that the training of laboratory technicians on fluorescence microscopy should be scaled up for increased disease control.
Experimental Infection of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) with West Nile Virus
Authors: Root J. Jeffrey , Bentler Kevin T. , Nemeth Nicole M. , Gidlewski Thomas , Spraker Terry R. , Franklin Alan B.
Published: October 2010

To characterize the responses of raccoons to West Nile virus (WNV) infection, we subcutaneously exposed them to WNV. Moderately high viremia titers (≤ 104.6 plaque forming units [PFU]/mL of serum) were noted in select individuals; however, peak viremia titers were variable and viremia was detectable in some individuals as late as 10 days post-inoculation (DPI). In addition, fecal shedding was prolonged in some animals (e.g., between 6 and 13 DPI in one individual), with up to105.0 PFU/fecal swab detected. West Nile virus was not detected in tissues collected on 10 or 16 DPI, and no histologic lesions attributable to WNV infection were observed. Overall, viremia profiles suggest that raccoons are unlikely to be important WNV amplifying hosts. However, this species may occasionally shed significant quantities of virus in feces. Considering their behavioral ecology, including repeated use of same-site latrines, high levels of fecal shedding could potentially lead to interspecies fecal-oral WNV transmission.
Analysis of Anopheles arabiensis Blood Feeding Behavior in Southern Zambia during the Two Years after Introduction of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets
Authors: Fornadel Christen M. , Norris Laura C. , Glass Gregory E. , Norris Douglas E.
Published: October 2010

Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes are the primary vector responsible for Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Macha, Zambia. Because insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) have the potential to alter host feeding behavior, the extent of the zoophilic and exophagic tendencies of the vector was evaluated during the two rainy seasons after ITN introduction. Centers for Disease Control light traps, paired indoor/outdoor human landing catches, and outdoor cattle-baited collections were used to assess potential changes in host preference. Results support the hypothesis that An. arabiensis mosquitoes in Macha remain highly anthropophilic despite high ITN use. Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Macha appear to be relatively exophagic and have been caught biting outdoors immediately after sunset and before sunrise, potentially circumventing some of the protective effects of ITNs.
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Returning Travelers
Authors: Tappe Dennis , Schulze Marco H. , Oesterlein Anett , Turnwald Doris , Müller Andreas , Vogel Ulrich , Stich August
Published: October 2010

Skin and soft tissue infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus are emerging among travelers returning from the tropics. Here, we here present data on 15 affected individuals. Intrafamiliar spread was documented in one case, and occupational transmission was assumed in another. Spa typing of the strains revealed a broad spectrum of variants, but some were clonally related. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found in three cases.
Five-Year Retrospective Study of Inpatient Occupational Therapy Outcomes for Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Maitra Kinsuk , Hall Carole , Kalish Terri , Anderson Marita , Dugan Erin , Rehak Justine , Rodríguez Verónica , Tamas Jennifer , Zeitlin Deborah
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE. This study was a retrospective chart analysis spanning 5 yr that investigated associations between occupational therapy interventions and goal-based positive outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders at discharge in an urban inpatient rehabilitation setting.

METHOD. Using descriptive statistics, we examined demographic characteristics in the first analysis phase. In the second phase, we performed a series of correlational analyses to identify treatment variables associated with positive outcomes.

RESULTS. Generally, patients improved in their FIM™ scores at discharge. Increasing occupational therapy intensity had a positive effect on functional performance in all categories except feeding, with significant correlations in upper-extremity dressing (r = .153, p < .05) and memory (r = .204, p < .01).

CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy was associated with positive functional outcomes for patients with MS. Future treatment protocols should include cognitive skills training, community reintegration, and self-care, because these treatments were found to be significantly correlated with positive changes in FIM scores.