bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the effects of lithium doping on structures, properties, and stabilities of magnesium cluster anions
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yi , Zhao Ya-Ru , Li Hong-Xing , Cheng Kai-Ge , Liu Zi-Rui , Liu Zhi-Ping , He Hang
Published: March 2023

Bimetallic clusters have aroused tremendous interest because the property changes like structure, size, and composition have occurred. Herein, a structural search of the global minimum for anionic

LiMg

n
−

(n = 2–11) clusters is performed using an efficient crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimization (CALYPSO) structural searching program with subsequent density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A great variety of low energetic isomers are converged, and the most stable ones are confirmed by comparing their total energy of each size. It is found that the

LiMg

n
−

clusters are structurally consistent with corresponding Mg clusters anions except for

LiMg

5
−

and

LiMg

7
−

. In all the doped clusters, the Li atom prefers to occupy the convex position. Simulated photoelectron spectra (PES), Infrared (IR), and Raman spectra of

LiMg

n
−

could be used as an essential evidence for identifying cluster structures experimentally in the future. Stability study reveals that a tower-like structure of

LiMg

9
−

has prominent stability and can be identified as a magic number cluster. The reason might be that there are both closed-shell 1S21P61D102S2 electronic configurations and stronger Li–Mg bonds caused by sp hybridization in the

LiMg

9
−

cluster.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound increases neurotrophic factors secretion and suppresses inflammation in in vitro models of peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Fontana Francesco , Iacoponi Francesco , Orlando Fabio , Pratellesi Tiziano , Cafarelli Andrea , Ricotti Leonardo
Published: March 2023

Objective. In this study, we aimed to verify the beneficial effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation on two cell types: H2O2-treated RSC96 Schwann cells and THP-1 macrophages, used to model neuropathic inflammation. Approach. Using a set-up guaranteeing a fine control of the ultrasound dose at the target, different frequencies (38 kHz, 1 MHz, 5 MHz) and different intensities (20, 100, 500 mW cm−2) were screened to find the most effective experimental conditions for triggering beneficial effects on metabolic activity and release of neurotrophic cytokines (β-nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) of RSC96 cells. The combination of parameters resulting the optimal one was applied to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, also investigating a possible anti-oxidant activity and mechanotransduction pathway for the anti-inflammatory process. The same optimal combination of parameters was then applied to THP-1 cells, differentiated into M1 and M2 phenotypes, to assess the effect on the expression and release of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory ones (IL-10 and CD206). Main results. 5 MHz and 500 mW cm−2 were found as the optimal stimulation parameters on RSC96 cells. Such parameters were also found to suppress ROS and TNF-α in the same cell line, thus highlighting a possible anti-inflammatory effect, involving the NF-kB pathway. An anti-oxidant effect induced by LIPUS was also observed. Finally, the same LIPUS parameters did not induce any differentiation towards the M1 phenotype of THP-1 cells, whereas they decreased TNF-α and IL-8 gene expression, reduced IL-8 cytokine release and increased IL-10 cytokine release in M1-polarized THP-1 cells. Significance. This study represents the first step towards the use of precisely controlled LIPUS for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
Strain fields and critical phenomena in manganites I: spin-lattice Hamiltonians
Authors: Singh Rohit , Puri Sanjay
Published: March 2023

We use a model Hamiltonian to study critical phenomena in manganites. This Hamiltonian includes long-range strain interactions, and a coupling between the magnetic order parameter and the strain field. We perform a perturbative renormalization group (RG) analysis and calculate the static critical exponents, correct to the one-loop level. We compare our RG results with many experiments on doped manganite critical systems. Our theory is in excellent agreement with the experimental values for the critical exponents.
Intensified Partial Least Squares Fault Diagnosis Method based on CARS
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhang Liuqi
Published: March 2023

Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a fault diagnosis model used in statistical process monitoring. PLS decomposes the data space into a quality correlated subspace and an uncorrelated subspace, and monitors the state of both subspaces by setting the appropriate statistics. However, post-processing methods such as modified-PLS (MPLS) and efficient projection to latent structures (EPLS) gradually lose their ability to detect faults when low-intensity faults that do not affect quality. In order to eliminate the drawbacks of post-processing methods and improve the stability of algorithms under different conditions, this paper introduces the competitive and adaptive reweighted sampling method (CARS) into the field of fault diagnosis and proposes a fault filtering method combining CARS and orthogonal signal correction algorithm (OSC). First, an initial screening of the variable space was completed using CARS method. OSC algorithm is then used to remove quality- uncorrelated components. Next, the variable space is completely decomposed into a quality-correlated and an irrelevant subspace using intensified partial least squares method (IPLS). Finally, the validity of the model was verified using the simulations.
A Representation Theorem for L-fuzzy Pseudo-metrics
Authors: Lin Shuang , Guo Mingxue , Zhong Yu
Published: March 2023

Through this article, the definitions of an L -fuzzy pseudo-metric and a family of pseudo-metric that satisfies the property of lower-semicontinuity (or named nests of pseudo-metrics) are introduced. After that, we indicated that an L -fuzzy pseudo-metric can be constructed from nests of pseudo-metrics and nests of pseudo-metrics can be constructed from an L -fuzzy pseudo-metric. Therefore, we establish a each to each association between L - fuzzy pseudo-metrics and nests of pseudo-metrics.
Estimation of A Partial Linear Model with Instrumental Variable for the Longitudinal Data
Authors: Sheng Lili , Kang Fangyuan , Zhao Jianxi , Liu Ruiping
Published: March 2023

A partial linear model with instrumental variables was developed for longitudinal data. In the partially linear model, the explanatory variable is an endogenous variable, which is correlated with the error term. The endogenous variable was expressed by an instrumental variable and an error item. The endogenous variable was estimated by the instrumental variable through the least square method. B-spline regression combined with QR decomposition was used to approximate the nonparametric function. For the estimation of parametric, the Quadratic inference function and Secant method were applied. Under some conditions, the estimator was consistent and asymptotic normality. Some simulation was conducted to prove the finite sample behavior of the estimator.
Application of Deep Wavelet Kernel Extreme Learning Machine in Fault Diagnosis of Tamping Vehicle
Authors: Wang Hairui , Li Dongwen , Zhu Guifu , Yang Xiuqi
Published: March 2023

Since it is easy to overfit due to the long training time of the fault diagnosis model for machinery. Introducing the idea of autoencoder (AE) into the wavelet extreme learning machine (WELM) and then stacking to form WELM-AE can convert the underlying fault features to more abstract and advanced ones. And then the adaptive boosting kernel extreme learning machine (Adaboost-KELM) is used as the top-level classifier for fault recognition. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in the fault diagnosis of tamping machine with the characteristics of the fast training speed of the extreme learning machine, and a higher accuracy rate than back propagation (BP), support vector machine (SVM), stacked autoencoder (SAE), and convolutional neural networks (CNN).
Single Intersection Traffic Light Control by Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Du Tongchun , Wang Bo , Hu Liangchen
Published: March 2023

Deep reinforcement learning is a data-driven method, which is very promising for alleviating traffic congestion through intelligent control of traffic lights. In this paper, the traffic signal of an intersection is divided into four independent phases and then controlled by deep Q-network (DQN) models respectively. Models can receive observations from their own angle of view, i.e., north-south straight, north-south left turn, east-west straight, east-west left turn, instead of extracting features from the whole scene. We suppose that it is beneficial for learning better policy if agents could sense the environment more precisely. DQN models are jointly trained under the revised QMIX framework to promote coordination capability. For decentralized execution, traffic lights of the phase with the highest Q-value will turn green. The experiments are done under SUMO, the results demonstrate that our method obtains higher reward and lower delay compared to controlling the holistic cycle by using a single DQN model.
Spatiotemporal Prediction Method for Vorticity of Three-dimensional Near-wall Cylindrical Flow Based on Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Mao Yuanxiang , Qiu Xiang , Li JiaHua , Liu YuLu
Published: March 2023

Due to the existence of a wall surface, the flow around the near-wall cylinder is a very complex unsteady dynamic behavior. However, this kind of feature extraction and fast prediction method of complex flow is difficult to solve in engineering. Therefore, a data-driven model based on Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) is proposed to solve the feature extraction and fast prediction of complex flow, and to predict the vorticity of the near wake region of a three-dimensional near-wall cylinder with G/D=1. CRNN model can analyze the relationship between Spatiotemporal evolution. The three-dimensional flow around the near-wall cylinder with Reynolds number 1500 meshed, and the vorticity was calculated after grid calculation to establish the Spatiotemporal evolution data set. For machine learning problems with high dimensions and large amounts of data, the Adaptive Moment (Adam) estimation method served as an effectively optimize. According to the Spatiotemporal prediction results of vorticity, the prediction results of the model fit well with the numerical simulation results, and the vorticity of the future time step is successfully predicted on the space and time series, that is, the evolutionary relationship of the Spatiotemporal series of vorticity near the wake of the near-wall cylinder is established. After the above model is established, only the initial multi-time vorticity data need to be obtained. The model can serve as predicting the vorticity field in the near wake region of the near-wall cylinder in the future.
Analysis and Modelling of the Working Principle of the Deceptive Infrared Jammer
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Qiuju , Zhang Yi , Cheng Yubao
Published: March 2023

The deceptive infrared jammer is mainly used to jam the infrared point source-seeking guidance head of the modulated disc type. Through the mathematical modelling and simulation based on MATLAB, from the point of view that the essence of deceptive jamming is its signal should be recognized as the guidance signal, the jamming signal style output from the jammer has been analysed in detail. Then the parameter setting of the jammer has been determined, and the constraint relationship between the parameter setting and the jamming effect has been researched. The research work in this paper can effectively enhance the reader’s understanding of the deceptive infrared jammer and its jamming mechanism.
Review and evaluation of metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors as safety devices for future sustainable aviation
Authors: Franke F , Kazula S , Enghardt L
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an overview of metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors and evaluates their potential for utilization in aerospace safety applications in future hydrogen-powered aviation. The ‘electrical resistance’, ‘cantilever expansion’, ‘nanogap expansion’, ‘fiber optical’, ‘chemochromic optical’ and ‘acoustic’ sensing principles are being described. Requirements including specific performance parameters for hydrogen sensors in aerospace safety applications are identified. Evaluation criteria are derived from these requirements and finally the sensing mechanisms are evaluated by means of a weighted point rating. The results of this evaluation reveal the high potential of ‘electrical resistance’, ‘cantilever expansion’, ‘nanogap expansion’ and ‘fiber optical’ sensors, although none of these principles meets all the requirements yet. With the transition to hydrogen-based aviation, metal hydrides and its various applications will become more attractive. Synergies between these technologies may further drive the research and development progress, so that metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors can overcome their current drawbacks and contribute to the transition to future hydrogen-powered sustainable aviation.
Modelling and complementary analysis of a small hybrid hydro-photovoltaic power system
Authors: Liu Junjie , Hua Yanke , Jin Ziyu , Li Huanhuan
Published: March 2023

Renewable energy sources, especially solar power combined with pumped hydro storage generation (PHSG), have emerged as a remedy to conventional power generation, providing important opportunities for the safe operation of electricity. However, renewable energy is intermittent and random due to unreliable solar radiation. In view of these considerations, this paper focuses on the flexible complementary regulation of the PHSG responding to the fluctuation of solar power generation. To implement the analysis, a mathematical model of the small hybrid hydro-photovoltaic power system is established. Based on the established model, the complementary characteristic between these two renewable energies is simulated at the second scale. The results show that the PHSG has the ability to respond to the disturbance of solar power due to the flexible transition between generator mode and pump mode. The implemented model and obtained conclusions help promote the efficient use of renewable energy systems and reduce power failure accidents.
Boiling heat transfer on porous single layer brass meshes
Authors: Bialek A , Kargul M , Stokowiec K
Published: March 2023

Heat transfer enhancement has been a crucial issue in recently developed research. The article presents the possibility of increasing the heat flux values exchanged during boiling of water and ethanol on surfaces with meshes. Single layer brass meshes were tested and the results indicate a considerable potential of such structures to improve boiling heat transfer. The comparison of the experimental data with selected models indicate large differences that might be linked with different experimental conditions and sample treatment methods. Various experimental conditions found in literature concern different pressure values, various angles of heater surface inclination as well as different sources of heat (electrical heaters, laser beam, hot fluid).
Calorimetric methods and thermal management of lithium-ion batteries: A mini-review
Authors: Madani Seyed S , Ziebert Carlos
Published: March 2023

Lithium-ion batteries can be employed in various applications, including grid integration, electric vehicles, grid support, and consumer electronics. Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the most important options for storing electrical energy. Therefore, modelling lithium-ion batteries and examining their temperature distribution and heat transfer using different calorimetric techniques is very important mostly for safety concerns. Thus, the study of battery heat transfer helps designers to propose and develop a suitable cooling or thermal management system. Different sources including overpotential contribute to heat generation. Different understandings were achieved from the previous modelling and experimental studies which involve the necessity for more accurate heat generation measurements of lithium-ion batteries, and improved modelling of the heat generation specifically comprehended at large discharge and charge rates for different applications including electric vehicles.
Estimation of integrated photovoltaics potential for solar city bus in different climate conditions in Europe
Authors: Karoui Fathia , Claudon Fabrice , Chambion Bertrand , Catellani Stephane , Commault Benjamin
Published: March 2023

In order to improve primary energy saving and reduce greenhouse emissions, vehicle integrated photovoltaics have an ongoing interest. Studies on the benefits from vehicle solar roof, which take into account all the losses and the monthly variation in different climate conditions, are required. Therefore, we developed a simulation tool of the mileage covered by VIPV. This tool takes into account various use profiles and different characteristics of the vehicles and of the PV system. Focusing on city bus, simulations show that many parameters influence the outputs of the model, mainly: the geographic location, the shading losses, the electric architecture and the battery saturation. With projections of the technology in 2030, VIPV cover up to 9739 km annual mileage. This represents up to 24 % of the total distance. For the best month, it can get up to 47 km/day. For average Europe case, with 30 % shading losses, the VIPV cover only 3711 km annual mileage. The upgrade of the technology from 2022 to 2030 improves the benefits of VIPV by approximately 34 %. Life cycle assessment of solar city bus shows neutral to high gains. The carbon footprint is up to 28 T CO2-equivalent avoided emissions on 20 years lifespan.
Research on fast solution method for vibration prediction of digital twin substation equipment based on neural network model
Authors: Wu Peng , Wu Yiming , Li Xiaohan , Li Jiansheng , Yao Tingli , Liang Jiabi
Published: March 2023

This study began by building a series of high-quality simulation modules of real space clones to obtain comparable data and conditions, and comparing them with data and situations obtained from the real state module to bring the system closer to reality. And the imaging model uses a number of numbers to generate the number of samples to train the neural network model of the plan. Finally, this paper takes the three-phase three column double winding transformer models of the module as an example to evaluate the proposed method of evaluating the design characteristics of the module.
Numerical study of spray cooling with flash evaporation
Authors: Chen Mengrong , Xie Yue , Gong Mengjun , Zhang Xinyu , Ren Yong
Published: March 2023

This work aims to apply Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method to establish a flash evaporation spray cooling (FESC) model to simulate the heating process and find the optimum cooling performance. The heat transfer process during FESC is studied through numerical simulation using commercial code ANSYS FLUENT. The species transport model and the discrete phase model are applied to simulate the multiphase flow and heat transfer process. The turbulence effect is included. The effects of flow rate, nozzle pressure, nozzle angle, and the nozzle orifice size on spray cooling are investigated through analyzing the final surface temperature distributions. This work revealed the mechanism of the heat transfer process in FESC by means of particle tracks and velocity magnitude distribution. The simulated results for the effect of flow rate were compared with other researchers’ previous published experimental results. The comparison shows same trend, which verified the model and the simulation result. The optimum cooling performance is found by analyzing various working conditions. The results show that high flow rate, high nozzle pressure, small nozzle angle and small nozzle orifice can improve the FESC characteristics. The detailed mechanisms of these effects under various working conditions are also discussed. Under giving working conditions, the optimum cooling performance is obtained for the condition where mass flow rate of working fluid is 2L/min, the nozzle pressure is 100MPa, the nozzle angle is 15 degrees and the orifice size of the nozzle is 1mm.
Safety Evaluation Modelling of Hydrogen Energy Industrial Chain for Transportation-energy Integration System in China
Authors: Du Lianming , Liao Guangrong , Wu Yangwei , Deng Qian , Li Aijun , Mao Ning
Published: March 2023

This paper divided the safety evaluation indexes of hydrogen energy industrial chain for transportation-energy integration in China into four target tiers, such as hydrogen production safety, storage & transmission safety, supply safety and hydrogen utilization safety. Then the influential factors of security risks under different target tiers were analyzed, and the evaluation index system of security risks were established. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of different target tiers of hydrogen energy industrial chain, the safety evaluation model was constructed by combining analytic hierarchy process with risk assessment matrix. This safety evaluation model can assess the safety status of hydrogen energy chain quantitatively and qualitatively, including calculating the weight of each index and analyzing the risk level of whole system. Moreover, such modeling method could provide a core assessment framework for enterprises and industries related to hydrogen energy to realize real-time security monitoring and alarm.
Hot compression deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of Ti-3.5Al-3.5V-0.5Fe-0.6Mo-0.5Cr alloy
Authors: Zhu Mingting , Liu Rui , Song Xiaoyun
Published: March 2023

Ti-3.5Al-3.5V-0.5Fe-0.6Mo-0.5Cr alloy is a new superplastic titanium alloy The alloy was deformed by plane strain compression at 820°C~880°C, 0.16 s−1~8 s−1, which can provide reference for obtaining homogeneous microstructure during the rolling process. The results show that the flow stress of the alloy has a negative correlation with the deformation temperature and a positive correlation with the strain rate. The flow softening behavior of alloy is greatly influenced by deformation temperature. The fraction and the length of α lamellar increase with the decrease of temperature, and the flow-softening phenomenon of the alloy is more obvious. The homogeneity of microstructure and the recrystallization ratio of α lamellae increase with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. The alloy can obtain homogeneous microstructure at 850°C, 0.16 s−1, and 880°C, 0.16 s−1~1.6 s−1 deformation conditions.
Investigation of corrosion inhibitor used in cement
Authors: Yan Wei , Hao Wang , Xu Zhongying
Published: March 2023

Steel bar corrosion inhibitor can be incorporated into concrete (or mortar) with a small amount, or coated on the cement surface to protect the steel materials. It can prevent or delay the corrosion of metal bars by directly acting on the steel bars in concrete (or mortar), but it does not affect the structure and properties of concrete. In this paper, the single component corrosion inhibitor was screened and evaluated at room temperature by salt water immersion test and static coupon weight loss method. The results show that hydrazine hydrate and KNO3 can effectively prevent the corrosion of reinforcement after being placed in simulated corrosion solution for 7 days. When the concentration of hydrazine hydrate and KNO3 is greater than 0.5%, the corrosion inhibition rate of KNO3 is 95.44% (100mg·L−1).
Effect of annealing process on microstructure and properties of 980MPa grade hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steels
Authors: Wang Ke-qiang , Liu Ren-dong , Guo Jin-yu , Yan Ping-yuan , Jin You-peng , Zhang Feng
Published: March 2023

A hot-dip galvanizing simulator studied the effects of soaking temperature and rapid cooling end temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 980MPa grade hot galvanizing dual-phase steel. The results show that at the end of a rapid cooling temperature of 290°C, with the increase of soaking temperature, the tensile strength of the test steel increases, the yield strength decreases at first and then increases, and the elongation decreases as a whole. The microstructure is composed of ferrite and martensite. At the soaking temperature of 800°C, the strength decreases, and the elongation increases with the increase of the end temperature of rapid cooling. When the end temperature of rapid cooling is lower than 320°C, the martensite tempering is not apparent, and there are many high-density dislocations in the ferrite near the neighbor. When the cooling end temperature is 350°C, some martensites are tempered. The twins in martensite are widened, carbides are unevenly precipitated along the twin planes, and the dislocation density decreases. When the soaking temperature is between 800°C and 820°C, the end temperature of rapid cooling is between 260°C and 290°C. Annealing and zinc plating are beneficial to obtain dual-phase steel with excellent mechanical properties.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy
Authors: Nie Xuan , Song Xiaoyun
Published: March 2023

Selective laser melting (SLM) offers a new solution to the production of complex-shaped Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15) alloy components with the advantage of low weight and high performance in the aerospace industry. In this paper, Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V samples with relative density > 99.5% were fabricated by SLM. The microstructure of SLMed samples is composed of numerous prior-β grains and interior acicular α′ martensite, exhibiting extremely high strength but poor plasticity. After heat treatment, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and yield strength(YS) are reduced by various degrees, while the plasticity is obviously improved owing to the decomposition and transformation of α′ martensite.
Study on the dynamic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn utilized Quasi-In-Situ method
Authors: Wei Rui , Li Anmi , Wang Boya , Ye Wenjun , Luo Yumeng
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the microstructural evolution process and deformation mechanism of annealed Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy under a high strain rate of 2700 s−1 were investigated by quasi-in-situ method. The main deformation mechanism is found to be dislocation slip in the strain range from 0 to 0.05, and about 96% of the whole grain is deformed by dislocation slip, and

{
1

1
¯

00
}
<
11

2
¯

0
>

prismatic slip dominates the plastic deformation. When the strain increased from 0.05 to 0.10, the original slip system continued to move, and 13% of the whole grain activates the new slip system. In the strain range from 0.10-0.20, the number of slip traces does not increase significantly, and the new slip system is difficult to be activated. In the whole deformation process, about 42% of whole the grain activates a variety of slip systems including

{
1

1
¯

00
}
<
11

2
¯

0
>

prismatic slip and

{

1
¯

101
}
<
11

2
¯

0
>

pyramidal  slip which activated at the same time. Results show that

{
11

2
¯

1
}

twin only appeared in a few grains in the whole observed region, indicating that twinning is not the dominant deformation mechanism of annealed Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy at a high strain rate.
Preparation of CuO nanorods for lithium-ion battery anodes by supercritical hydrothermal reaction of spent acidic etchant
Authors: Zhang Baoquan , Wang Shuzhong , Wang Jinlong , Liu Wei , Liu Lu
Published: March 2023

An economical and environmentally friendly treatment method is urgently needed for the copper-containing spent acidic etchant produced by printed circuit boards. In this work, CuO nanorods with ~30 nm in diameter and ~100 nm in length were prepared from spent acidic etchant by supercritical hydrothermal synthesis. The structures and morphologies of spent acidic etchant-derived CuO (E-CuO) and analytical pure CuCl2-derived CuO (P-CuO) were characterized. The E-CuO has more impurities such as Fe and Zn than the P-CuO. The energy storage performance of the prepared CuO anodes was tested. The E-CuO delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 793.3 mAh·g−1 and a better rate and cycling performance than the P-CuO due to the smaller particles and the doping of Fe and Zn from the spent acidic etchant in the E-CuO.
Compact microstrip diplexer design using new octagonal resonators for 5G and Wi-Fi applications
Authors: Ben Haddi S. , Zugari A. , Zakriti A. , El Ouahabi M. , El Khamlichi D.
Published: March 2023

The present paper sheds light on designing a new and high performance microstrip diplexer. The latter is based on new octagonal meandrous resonators combined with the connected common port, without adding any transmission line junction, in order to get a miniaturized structure. The suggested compact resonator is formed through combining the octagonal meandrous lines and coupled lines, which create a bandpass filter. These filters operate at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz which make them suitable for 5G and Wi-Fi applications. Accordingly, an approximated equivalent LC model of the presented octagonal meandrous resonator is suggested and analyzed so as to validate the simulation results. On top of that, the suggested diplexer is compact, as it occupies only 0.0768 λ
g × 0.024 λ
g. Thus, it attained excellent performance in terms of S-Parameters as the transmission coefficients are about -1 dB and the reflection coefficient is about -20 dB at both channels, whereas the isolation is about -25 dB. Hence, the validation of theoretical and simulated results is carried out through measurements of the manufactured prototype.
The biomimetic surface topography of Rubus fruticosus leaves stimulate the induction of osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs
Authors: Monteiro N O , Casanova M R , Fangueiro J F , Reis R L , Neves N M
Published: March 2023

The interaction between cells and biomaterials is essential for the success of biomedical applications in which the implantation of biomaterials in the human body is necessary. It has been demonstrated that material’s chemical, mechanical, and structural properties can influence cell behaviour. The surface topography of biomaterials is a physical property that can have a major role in mediating cell–material interactions. This interaction can lead to different cell responses regarding cell motility, proliferation, migration, and even differentiation. The combination of biomaterials with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration is a promising strategy to avoid the need for autologous transplant of bone. Surface topography was also associated with the capacity to control MSCs differentiation. Most of the topographies studied so far involve machine-generated surface topographies. Herein, our strategy differentiates from the above mentioned since we selected natural surface topographies that can modulate cell functions for regenerative medicine strategies. Rubus fruticosus leaf was the selected topography to be replicated in polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes through polydimethylsiloxane moulding and using soft lithography. Afterwards, rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded at the surface of the imprinted PCL membranes to characterize the bioactive potential of our biomimetic surface topography to drive rBMSCs differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. The selected surface topography in combination with the osteogenic inductive medium reveals having a synergistic effect promoting osteogenic differentiation.
Convergence condition of simulated quantum annealing with a non-stoquastic catalyst
Authors: Kimura Yusuke , Nishimori Hidetoshi
Published: March 2023

The Ising model with a transverse field and an antiferromagnetic transverse interaction is represented as a matrix in the computational basis with non-zero off-diagonal elements with both positive and negative signs and thus may be regarded to be non-stoquastic. We show that the local Boltzmann factors of such a system under an appropriate Suzuki–Trotter representation can be chosen non-negative and thus may potentially be simulated classically without a sign problem if the parameter values are limited to a subspace of the whole parameter space. We then derive conditions for parameters to satisfy asymptotically in order that simulated quantum annealing of this system converges to thermal equilibrium in the long-time limit.
Greenhouse gas emissions embodied in electric vehicle charging infrastructure: a method and case study of Georgia, US 2021–2050
Authors: Mulrow John , Grubert Emily
Published: March 2023

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure buildout is a major greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy among governments and municipalities. In the United States, where petroleum-based transportation is the largest single source of GHG emissions, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 will support building a national network of 500 000 EV charging units. While the climate benefits of driving electric are well established, the potential embodied climate impacts of building out the charging infrastructure are relatively unexplored. Furthermore, ‘charging infrastructure’ tends to be conceptualized in terms of plugs and stations, leaving out the electrical and communications systems that will be required to support decarbonized and efficient charging. In this study, we present an EV charging system (EVCS) model that describes the material and operational components required for charging and forecasts the scale-up of these components based on EV market share scenarios out to 2050. We develop a methodology for measuring GHG emissions embodied in the buildout of EVCS and incurred during operation of the EVCS, including vehicle recharging, and we demonstrate this model using a case study of Georgia (USA). We find that cumulative GHG emissions from EVCS buildout and use are negligible, at less than 1% of cumulative emissions from personal light duty vehicle travel (including EV recharging and conventional combustion vehicle driving). If an accelerated EVCS buildout were to stimulate a faster transition of the vehicle fleet, the emissions reduction of electrification will far outweigh emissions embodied in EVCS components, even assuming relatively high carbon inputs prior to decarbonization.
Combinatorial development of antibacterial FeCoCr-Ag medium entropy alloy
Authors: Cao Jiashu , Jiang Xin , Zhang Qinghua , Yuan Fusen , Yu Jihao , Yang Fan , Li Mingxing , Wang Chao , Lu Ying , Li Ming , Wang Weihua , Liu Yanhui
Published: March 2023

Antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of FeCoCr-Ag medium entropy alloys were studied via combinatorial fabrication paired with high-throughput characterizations. It was found that the antibacterial activity and mechanical properties exhibit non-linear dependence on the content of Ag addition. Within the studied alloys, (FeCoCr)80Ag20 possesses an optimized combination of different properties for potential applications as antibacterial coating materials. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the formation of a dual-phase structure that leads to competition between the role of Ag phase and FeCoCr phase at different Ag content. The results not only demonstrate the power and effectiveness of combinatorial methods in multi-parameter optimization but also indicate the potential of high entropy alloys as antibacterial materials.
The Classification of Subfactors with Index at Most 5\frac{1}4
Authors: Afzaly Narjess , Morrison Scott , Penneys David
Published: March 2023

Subfactor standard invariants encode quantum symmetries. The small index subfactor classification program has been a rich source of interesting quantum symmetries. We give the complete classification of subfactor standard invariants to index5145\frac {1}{4}, which includes3+53+\sqrt {5}, the first interesting composite index.
The quality of geriatric rehabilitation from the patients’ perspective: a scoping review
Authors: Lubbe Anne L , van Rijn Marjon , Groen Wim G , Hilhorst Sophie , Burchell George L , Hertogh Cees M P M , Pol Margriet C
Published: March 2023

Background

the efficacy and outcomes of geriatric rehabilitation (GR) have previously been investigated. However, a systematic synthesis of the aspects that are important to patients regarding the quality of GR does not exist.

Objective

the aim of this scoping review was to systematically synthesise the patients’ perspective on the quality of GR.

Methods

we followed the Scoping Review framework and gathered literature including a qualitative study design from multiple databases. The inclusion criteria were: a qualitative study design; a geriatric population; that patients had participated in a geriatric rehabilitation programme and that geriatric rehabilitation was assessed by the patient. The results sections of the included studies were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

twenty articles were included in this review. The main themes identified were: (i) the need for information about the rehabilitation process, (ii) the need for telling one’s story, (iii) the need for support (physical, psychological, social and how to cope with limitations), (iv) the need for shared decision-making and autonomy, (v) the need for a stimulating rehabilitation environment and (vi) the need for rehabilitation at home.

Conclusion

in this study, we identified the aspects that determine the quality of rehabilitation from the patient’s perspective, which may lead to a more holistic perspective on the quality of GR.
A universal framework for single-cell multi-omics data integration with graph convolutional networks
Authors: Gao Hongli , Zhang Bin , Liu Long , Li Shan , Gao Xin , Yu Bin
Published: March 2023

Single-cell omics data are growing at an unprecedented rate, whereas effective integration of them remains challenging due to different sequencing methods, quality, and expression pattern of each omics data. In this study, we propose a universal framework for the integration of single-cell multi-omics data based on graph convolutional network (GCN-SC). Among the multiple single-cell data, GCN-SC usually selects one data with the largest number of cells as the reference and the rest as the query dataset. It utilizes mutual nearest neighbor algorithm to identify cell-pairs, which provide connections between cells both within and across the reference and query datasets. A GCN algorithm further takes the mixed graph constructed from these cell-pairs to adjust count matrices from the query datasets. Finally, dimension reduction is performed by using non-negative matrix factorization before visualization. By applying GCN-SC on six datasets, we show that GCN-SC can effectively integrate sequencing data from multiple single-cell sequencing technologies, species or different omics, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, including Seurat, LIGER, GLUER and Pamona.
GENLIB: new function to simulate haplotype transmission in large complex genealogies
Authors: Rakesh Mohan , Vézina Hélène , Laprise Catherine , Freeman Ellen E , Burkett Kelly M , Roy-Gagnon Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2023

Founder populations with deep genealogical data are well suited for investigating genetic variants contributing to diseases. Here, we present a major update of the genealogical analysis R package GENLIB, centered around a new function which can simulate the transmission of haplotypes from founders to probands along very large and complex user-specified genealogies.

Availability and implementation

The latest update of the GENLIB package (v1.1.9) contains the new gen.simuHaplo() function and is available on the CRAN repository and from https://github.com/R-GENLIB/GENLIB. Examples can be accessed at https://github.com/R-GENLIB/simuhaplo_functions.
Decreased NOTCH1 signaling activated autophagy in the mid-secretory endometrium of patients with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Yang Ziyao , Li Qi , Yuan Fan , Wang Mengying , Zhang Ruizhe , Chen Yiwen , Fu Wanting , Yang Qingling , Hu Linli
Published: March 2023

Recurrent implantation failure severely impairs fertility in females of childbearing age, which poses a great challenge to assisted reproductive technology, and its etiology is still unclear. Several studies have demonstrated that endometrial autophagy takes an important part in human endometrial receptivity, but its role in recurrent implantation failure remains largely unknown. Here, we collected mid-secretory endometrial tissue from recurrent implantation failure patients and fertile controls during menstruation and early pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to compare the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B, sequestosome 1, NOTCH1 signaling pathway members, and endometrial receptivity markers between recurrent implantation failure and control groups. In addition, to assess endometrial autophagy, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes. By RNA interference, we further investigated the effects of NOTCH1 on autophagy in Ishikawa cells. We found that endometrial autophagy was upregulated in the mid-secretory and decidual phases than in the early-proliferative phase. Compared to the control group, more autophagosomes were observed in the mid-secretory endometrium of recurrent implantation failure patients, which was accompanied by the downregulation of NOTCH1 signaling pathway members and endometrial receptivity markers. Moreover, knockdown of NOTCH1 impaired the receptivity of Ishikawa cells via protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway-mediated autophagy activation. Our data suggested that abnormally elevated autophagy and decreased NOTCH1 signaling pathway activity were observed in the mid-secretory endometrium of patients with recurrent implantation failure, perhaps due to decreased NOTCH1 pathway-mediated autophagy activation in endometrial cells impairing receptivity.
Living Naked in the Cold: New Insights into Metabolic Feasibility in Primeval Cultures
Authors: Hill Richard W
Published: March 2023

The people of three primeval cultures lived naked or nearly naked in regions where they experienced air temperatures of ± 5 degrees Celsius during cold seasons. These were the Australian Aboriginal peoples, the Bushmen of southern Africa, and the Yamana and the Alakaluf of Tierra del Fuego. Recent meta-analyses of data on human metabolic rate and metabolic endurance enable a quantitative demonstration of feasibility: Thermoregulation at winter air temperatures while naked was feasible in the three cultures for significantly longer than 50–180 days per year (sufficient for the duration of winter). Considering the life histories of the people, their estimated, time-averaged daily (24 hours) metabolic rates in winter were 2.6 times basal—similar to the highest daily rates empirically measured in extant peoples. Although the primeval peoples’ way of life was metabolically expensive, it was as feasible as the lifestyles of peoples in today's world who live at the upper bound of the metabolically possible.
Personal protective equipment-induced systemic hypercapnic hypoxaemia: translational implications for impaired cognitive–clinical functional performance
Authors: Luton Oliver W , Stacey Benjamin S , Mellor Katie , James Osian P , Williams Ian M , Warren Neil , Egan Richard J , Bailey Damian M , Lewis Wyn G
Published: March 2023

Background

Personal protective equipment (PPE) adversely affects pulmonary gas exchange and may result in systemic hypercapnic hypoxaemia and headache. This study aimed to determine what extent PPE affects cerebral symptoms, global cerebral blood flow, and cognitive functional performance.

Methods

Higher surgical trainees participated in a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover study, completing 60 min of laparoscopic surgical simulation in both standard operating attire and type 3 PPE. Measurements were collected at baseline and after 60 min of simulation. The primary outcome measure was headache. Headache was examined using the validated visual analogue scale (VAS) and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire C (ESQ-C), global cerebral blood flow with duplex ultrasonography, and visuospatial and executive gross/fine motor function with grooved peg board (GPB) and laparoscopic bead (LSB) board tasks.

Results

Thirty-one higher surgical trainees (20 men, 11 women) completed the study. Compared with standard operating attire, PPE increased headache assessment scores (mean(s.d.) VAS score 3.5(5.6) versus 13.0(3.7), P < 0.001; ESQ-C score 1.3(2.0) versus 5.9(5.1), P < 0.001) and was associated with poorer completion times for GPB-D (61.4(12.0) versus 71.1(12.4) s; P = 0.034) and LSB (192.5(66.9) versus 270.7(135.3) s; P = 0.025) tasks. Wearing PPE increased heart rate (82.5(13.6) versus 93.5(13.0) beats/min; P = 0.022) and skin temperature (36.6(0.4) versus 37.1(0.5)°C; P < 0.001), but decreased peripheral oxygen saturation (97.9(0.8) versus 96.8(1.0) per cent; P < 0.001). Female higher surgical trainees exhibited higher peripheral oxygen saturation across all conditions. No differences were observed in global cerebral blood flow as a function of attire, time or sex.

Conclusion

Despite no marked changes in global cerebral blood flow, type 3 PPE was associated with increased headache scores and cerebral symptoms (VAS and ESQ-C) alongside impaired executive motor function highlighting the clinical implications of PPE-induced impairment for cognitive–clinical performance.
Investigating predictive coding in younger and older children using MEG and a multi-feature auditory oddball paradigm
Authors: Rapaport Hannah , Seymour Robert A , Benikos Nicholas , He Wei , Pellicano Elizabeth , Brock Jon , Sowman Paul F
Published: March 2023

There is mounting evidence for predictive coding theory from computational, neuroimaging, and psychological research. However, there remains a lack of research exploring how predictive brain function develops across childhood. To address this gap, we used pediatric magnetoencephalography to record the evoked magnetic fields of 18 younger children (M = 4.1 years) and 19 older children (M = 6.2 years) as they listened to a 12-min auditory oddball paradigm. For each child, we computed a mismatch field “MMF”: an electrophysiological component that is widely interpreted as a neural signature of predictive coding. At the sensor level, the older children showed significantly larger MMF amplitudes relative to the younger children. At the source level, the older children showed a significantly larger MMF amplitude in the right inferior frontal gyrus relative to the younger children, P < 0.05. No differences were found in 2 other key regions (right primary auditory cortex and right superior temporal gyrus) thought to be involved in mismatch generation. These findings support the idea that predictive brain function develops during childhood, with increasing involvement of the frontal cortex in response to prediction errors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the brain function underpinning child cognitive development.