bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Flammulina filiformis and Functional Validation of Gad, a Key Gene for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis
Authors: Li Wenyun , Shang Junjun , Bao Dapeng , Wan Jianing , Zhou Chenli , Feng Zhan , Li Hewen , Shao Youran , Wu Yingying
Published: December 2024

Flammulina filiformis is one of the widely produced edible fungi worldwide. It is rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid with important physiological functions in humans. To investigate the functions of key genes in the GABA metabolic pathway of F. filiformis, we isolated the monokaryon Fv-HL23-1 from the factory-cultivated F. filiformis strain Fv-HL23 and then sequenced and assembled the genome using the PacBio Sequel and Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platforms. The results showed that the genome comprised 140 scaffolds with a total length of 40.96 Mb, a GC content of 49.62%, an N50 of 917,125 bp, and 14,256 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome revealed a close evolutionary relationship of Fv-HL23-1 with Armillaria mellea, Lentinula edodes, and Schizophyllum commune. A total of 589 carbohydrate-active enzymes were identified in the genome of Fv-HL23-1, suggesting its strong lignocellulose degradation ability, and 108 CYP450 gene family members were identified, suggesting important functions such as resistance to stress, secondary metabolite synthesis, and growth and development. The F. filiformis proteins glutamate decarboxylase 1 (Ff-GAD1) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Ff-GAD2), which may be responsible for GABA synthesis, were identified by protein alignment. Molecular docking analysis showed that Ff-GAD2 may have better catalytic activity than Ff-GAD1. To verify the function of Ff-gad2, its heterologous expression in the mycelia of the mononuclear Hypsizigus marmoreus was analyzed. Compared with wild type, the GABA content of mycelia was increased by 85.40–283.90%, the growth rate was increased by 9.39 ± 2.35%, and the fresh weight was increased by 18.44 ± 7.57%. Ff-GAD2 may play a catalytic role in GABA synthesis. In addition, the expression of the full-length Ff-gad2 gene was increased by 7.96 ± 1.39 times compared with the exon expression level in H. marmoreus mycelia, suggesting that the intron may contribute to the heterologous expression of Ff-GAD2. Based on whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed the enzyme system related to the important life activities of F. filiformis, focusing on the function of Ff-GAD, a key enzyme in the GABA synthesis pathway. The results lay a foundation for elucidating the GABA metabolism pathway of edible fungi and developing targeted breeding strategies for GABA-producing edible fungi.
The Influencing Thresholds and Interactive Effects of Urban Green Spaces on Housing Prices: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Cheng Kexin , Zhan Angshuo , Luo Haoyuan , Ma Yujing , Wang Zhifang
Published: December 2024

As an important part of the urban ecosystem, the value of green spaces (GS) has become increasingly prominent. However, the interaction effect of GS characteristics are still not clear enough. This study explores the premium effect of different types of GS on housing prices (HP) in Beijing. The results show that all types of GS have a significant premium impact on HP, among which there are obvious distance and area thresholds for park GS. The distance range of municipal parks for premium effect is within 2000 m and, the closer to a community, the higher the value. In contrast, community-level parks only have a premium effect within 1500 m, and the most obvious distance is 500–1000 m away from the community. The area of parks has the greatest impact on HP when it is 20–50 ha, and municipal parks larger than 300 ha or community parks smaller than 2 ha do not produce a premium effect. Furthermore, GS surrounding and within communities can serve as substitutes for community-level parks, while municipal parks are irreplaceable and can synergistically influence HP increases with all types of GS. The study offers new findings on the influencing thresholds and interactive effects of GS, providing decision-making guidance for urban construction.
Identifying Priority Conservation Areas in Shennongjia National Park Based on Monetary Costs and Zonation Model
Authors: Ding Weixuan , Huang Liangyi , Guang Jirong , Zhang Jingya
Published: December 2024

Identifying priority conservation areas (PCAs) for national parks is critical for improving the cost-effectiveness and viability of conservation efforts, given the multiplicity of conservation values, the complexity of human activities, and the limited financial resources available. Assessing conservation costs is central to systematic conservation planning (SCP). To compensate for the limitations of the alternative cost method in small-scale case studies and accurately reflect the cost differences due to specific land use, tenure, and management strategies, conservation costs are quantified and spatialized in this study using monetization methods. Taking Shennongjia National Park (SNP) as an example, we considered the core conservation values of species, ecosystems, and geological heritage, using the Zonation 5 model to identify PCAs under three different targets: 17%, 30%, and 50%. The results indicated that, as the conservation targets increased, PCAs expanded from the central and southern high-altitude areas to the northwest and northeast. Conservation gaps are primarily concentrated in the western part of Songluo and the northern parts of Hongping and Songba. Conservation costs exhibit clear spatial heterogeneity, increasing gradually from the central high mountains towards the surrounding areas. Among these, ecological compensation cost was the primary factor driving the sharp increase in total costs, while opportunity cost remained consistently low with minimal fluctuations. Compared to the alternative method, our study clarified the spatial distribution and types of costs in the process of national park construction, providing a quantitative basis and scientific guidance for future fiscal investment directions, methods, and responsible entities. At the administrative division level, we revealed the main cost challenges faced by townships in balancing resource conservation with community development, leading to more targeted, timely, and actionable community governance strategies. These findings further illustrate the significant advantages of using monetary costs in optimizing the boundaries of individual national parks and enhancing funding allocation efficiency, while promoting effective unified management of natural resource assets within spatial planning.
Generation and Assessment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Hybrids for High-Efficiency Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waqar , Shaheen Aaqib , Zhang Xuebin , Zhang Junli , Dewir Yaser Hassan , Magyar-Tábori Katalin
Published: December 2024

The Agrobacterium-mediated technique is widely employed for soybean transformation, but the efficiency of this method is still relatively modest, in which multiple factors are involved. Numerous chemical and physiological cues from host plants are needed for A. tumefaciens attraction and subsequent T-DNA integration into the plant genome. Susceptible genotypes may permit this attachment and integration, and the agronomically superior genotypes with susceptibility to A. tumefaciens would play an important role in increasing transformation efficiency. In this study, we aimed to elevate the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency of soybean by integrating susceptibility alleles from William82 and flavonoids accumulating alleles from LX genotypes in the same soybean line. The crossing was made between LX () and William82 () soybean by hand pollination. Expectedly, the resulting hybrid soybean progenies inherited susceptibility traits and high flavonoid contents (i.e., genistein, genistin, apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and cinnamic acid) essential for potential plant–pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the progenies and susceptible William82 soybean were subjected to transformation using A. tumefaciens (GV3101) harboring the GmUbi-3XFlag-35S-GFP and reassembled GmUbi3XFlag-35S-GFP: GUS vectors during separate events. Important transformation-related traits like shoot induction and shoot regeneration ability were also significantly improved in progenies. The progenies designated as ZX-3 exhibited superiority over the William82 parental line in all three traits, i.e., shoot induction, regeneration, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transient transformation efficiency of the ZX-16 line was remarkably higher when half-cotyledon explants were wounded and transformed with A. tumefaciens harboring GUS assembly vector and then co-cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L spermidine, 0.3 g/L GA3, 0.3 mg/L kinetin, and 1.3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine. In addition, the shoot elongation was also higher than that of William82 after two weeks of culture on the shoot induction medium. The newly generated soybeans have the potential to serve as a valuable source for high transgene production and represent a promising avenue for future soybean varietal development.
Clinical Outcomes and Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates: A Single-Center Study in Romania
Authors: Cocuz Maria Elena , Cocuz Iuliu-Gabriel , Rodina Ligia , Filip Ruxandra , Filip Florin
Published: December 2024

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally associated with less severe forms of disease in children, where most cases only require symptomatic treatment. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact and clinical course of COVID-19 in neonate patients. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in this particular age group who were patients treated in our department. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study that includes neonates (aged less than 1 month) who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The patients were admitted between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023, to the Infectious Diseases Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clinic of Pneumophthisiology and Infectious Diseases in Brașov, Romania. All the patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission, using either a real-time PCR (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen testing, according to the national COVID-19 protocol in use at the time. We collected the following data: demographic data, clinical picture and laboratory values at presentation, clinical course, complications, and other significant data. All the data were extracted from existing hospital administrative databases or electronic medical records. Results: Nine neonates were hospitalized with COVID-19, of which five were boys, and four were girls; the mean age was 18.89 days (ranging between 6 and 28 days). The clinical picture at admission mainly consisted of fever (eight cases) and nasal obstruction and cough (five cases each). Only one patient required oxygen support. Co-infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (one case), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, one case), and rotavirus (one case) were identified. Complications were represented by acute bronchiolitis in three patients. Biologically, lymphopenia was found in three cases, monocytosis in five cases, and increased ferritin values in five cases. The clinical outcome was favorable in all the cases. The patients were discharged in improved condition after an average stay of 5.11 days (ranging between 3 and 10 days). Conclusions: Our data support the observation that infection with SARS-CoV-2 in neonates is a relatively benign condition with a good prognosis. Our study has several limitations and establishes a foundation for future studies on a larger sample of term and premature neonates with different comorbidities.
Active Video Games Using Virtual Reality Influence Cognitive Performance in Sedentary Female University Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alghadier Mshari , Alharbi Taif , Almasoud Nada , Alshalawi Abdulaziz A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that is proving to be effective in encouraging physical activity (PA) and improving health. Although regular PA has many advantages, physical inactivity continues to be a significant global health concern. Using an ActivPAL for PA assessment, this study examines the effects of an active video game (AVG) using VR on cognitive function among female university students. Methods: We randomly divided 44 sedentary female university students (mean age 21.3 years, SD 1.12 years) into two groups, the control group and VR group. During the study period, the VR group was required to play the Beat Saber VR game for 20 min, while the control group was required to remain quiet. Their cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)—Arabic version pre- and post-test, and the PA level and intensity were tracked using the ActivPAL. Results: There was a significant difference between the MoCA total score pre-test (mean = 22.3, SD = 2.25) and the MoCA total score post-test (mean = 23.4, SD = 2.48), t (23) = 1.87, p = 0.03. The VR game significantly influenced the naming, abstraction, and orientation components of the MoCA scale (all p ≤ 0.05). The intensity of PA generated by the VR game was equivalent to moderate-to-vigorous PA, with a mean of 4.98 metabolic equivalents of task (MET) (SD = 1.20). Conclusions: The VR game improved the cognitive ability compared to the control group, suggesting that VR games have a positive impact on cognitive function. Physically inactive female university students have been found to benefit from VR games in terms of their cognitive function.
Surgical Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy, Outcomes, and Alternatives—A Systematic Review
Authors: Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Palumbo Irene , Guglielmo Mariafrancesca , Riccaldo Lilla , Morolla Roberta , Inchingolo Francesco , Palermo Andrea , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo
Published: December 2024

Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder. OSA affects approximately 2 million Italians, although only 3% receive a diagnosis and correct treatment. This review aims to provide an overview to guide clinical decision making, ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate treatment for their specific condition. Material and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered at PROSPERO under the ID CRD42024593760. A search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to find papers that matched the topic, using the following Boolean keywords: (“obstructive sleep apnea” OR “OSA” OR “sleep apnea, obstructive”) AND (“surgery” OR “surgical” OR “surgical techniques” OR “surgical treatment” OR “operative” OR “surgical procedures”) AND (“treatment” OR “therapy” OR “management”). Result: The electronic database search found 20337 publications. After the screening and eligibility phase, 15 papers were chosen for the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Adenotonsillectomy (AT) significantly improves secondary outcomes like behavioral issues and quality of life, compared to watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC). Alternative approaches such as tonsillotomy and adenopharyngoplasty (APP) offer promising results, with less postoperative discomfort and lower complication rates. However, further large-scale studies are needed to refine surgical techniques, assess long-term outcomes, and optimize individualized treatment strategies for OSA.
The Activation of the NF-κB Pathway in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Alters the Deposition of Epigenetic Marks on H3K27 and Is Modulated by Fish Oil
Authors: Simao Jussara de Jesus , Bispo Andressa França de Sousa , Plata Victor Tadeu Gonçalves , Abel Ana Beatriz Marques , Saran Raphael Justa , Barcella Júlia Fernandes , Alonso João Carlos Cardoso , Santana André Valente , Armelin-Correa Lucia Maria , Alonso-Vale Maria Isabel Cardoso
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is linked to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), triggering NF-κB and worsening these disturbances. Previously, we showed that histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) epigenetic modifications affect WAT gene expression in high-fat-diet mice, identifying key pathways in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). This study explores whether NF-κB influences H3K27 modifiers in human ASCs and evaluates fish oil (FO) as a modulator. Methods: Human visceral WAT ASCs were stimulated with LPS and treated with FO enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Flow cytometry, PCR array, RT-PCR, and Western blot assays were used. Results: LPS increased NF-κB activity, elevating KDM6B demethylase levels and H3K27 acetylation. These epigenetic modifications in LPS-stimulated ASCs were associated with persistent changes in the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, metabolic regulation, and inflammation, even after LPS removal and cell differentiation. FO mitigated these effects, reducing H3K27 acetylation and promoting methylation. Conclusions: FO demonstrates potential in modulating inflammation-induced epigenetic changes and preserving adipocyte function.
Evaluating the Appropriateness of Selected Foundry Sands for the Casting of Reactor Housings: A Study Based on Physicochemical Characterization Outcomes
Authors: Gara Paweł , Wisła-Walsh Ewa , Bajda Tomasz
Published: December 2024

In the case of desulfurization and spheroization of cast iron using the in-mold method, in which the treated cast iron is poured into the reaction chamber and placed in the casting mold, the mineral raw material of the mold should support these processes. Therefore, it is important to know the physicochemical properties of the materials selected for the production of casting molds and to learn about the phenomena occurring during their pouring. The research presented in this paper was carried out on quartz, magnesite, chromite, and olivine sands. The results not only provide a comprehensive understanding of these materials but also have significant implications for reactor housing casting. Two of the three tested quartz sands meet all the standards, allowing quartz raw materials to be foundry sands. Marked by the authors of this work, P11 sand, which is classified as 1K grade by the seller, does not meet the requirements of the Polish standard PN-85/H-11001 for this grade and should be classified as 2K grade. At the same time, attention was drawn to relatively considerable weight losses at 1350 °C for the tested quartz raw materials. More significant losses on ignition were found for magnesite sand than the value permitted by the Polish standard, which should be associated with the fact that derivatographic tests were carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere. In the analysis made for olivine sand, the obtained data indicated that the magnesium content is slightly below the requirements of the relevant standard; on the contrary, the iron content exceeds the standard requirements. Analytical data obtained for chromite sand indicated that it meets the PN-91/H-11007 standard regarding chemical composition, but X-ray diffraction tests showed that the tested sample is not chromite but magnesiochromite. The results of grain size distribution, chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDS, and TG/TG presented in this paper show that before starting the production of a specific molding mixture, each time most of the parameters characterizing sand used should be controlled because the properties may differ from the manufacturer’s declaration.
Catalytic Oxidation of Acetone over MnOx-SiO2 Catalysts: An Effective Approach to Valorize Rice Husk Waste
Authors: Cardoso Mauricio , Portugau Patrice , De Los Santos Carolina , Faccio Ricardo , Vidal Hilario , Gatica José Manuel , Yesté María del Pilar , Castiglioni Jorge , Torres Martin
Published: December 2024

Rice husk, a byproduct of rice production, poses significant environmental challenges due to disposal issues, while the emission of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere further exacerbates these concerns. This study addresses both problems by exploring the potential of texturally enhanced SiO2, derived from Uruguayan rice husk, as a catalytic support for manganese oxides in the combustion of volatile organic compounds. SiO2 was synthesized from rice husk ash using a sustainable, acid-free pretreatment method, yielding a notably high silica purity of 96.5%—a level comparable to or exceeding previously reported values, highlighting the high silica quality inherent in Uruguayan rice husk. The catalytic activity was evaluated using acetone as a model volatile organic compound, achieving up to 90% conversion with 30 wt.% manganese oxide at 300 °C, with CO2 as the primary product. Furthermore, a 24 h stability test demonstrated consistent performance, maintaining a conversion rate of around 95.6 ± 2.5%. These findings suggest that high-purity SiO2 derived from Uruguayan rice husk, with its sustainability benefits, offers an effective solution for acetone removal when supporting an active phase such as manganese oxides, addressing both rice husk disposal and volatile organic compound emissions.
Parametric Study of Girders with Sinusoidal Corrugated Web
Authors: Śledziewski Krzysztof , Górecki Marcin , Gajewski Jakub , Rogala Michał
Published: December 2024

Recently, steel girders with sinusoidal corrugations have become increasingly popular compared to those with traditional flat webs. This paper presents the second part of the research on the application of corrugated plates with different sinusoidal profiles as webs in girders. Parametric studies have been carried out in both linear and nonlinear domains, based on a representative numerical model developed and validated by experimental results. The research focused on the influence of the sinusoidal shape of the web on the shear capacity of the girders and the ultimate failure mode. The analyses were carried out using Abaqus software. Based on the results of the numerical analyses, it was concluded that increasing the wavelength of the sinusoidal wave decreases the ultimate shear capacity of the girders. This parameter also influences the failure mode. The results show that the wave amplitude has a small effect on the critical capacity. However, the amplitude influences the increase in the post-critical load and the size of the plastic zones located in the webs during the final phase of failure. With regard to the geometric parameters of the web, it was found that increasing the web thickness significantly improves the performance of the girders, while the web height has a negligible effect. It was also shown that the design guidelines in Eurocode 3 are very conservative in terms of estimating the shear buckling capacity of beams with sinusoidal corrugated webs and significantly underestimate the values.
Graph-Based Analysis for the Characterization of Corrugated Board Compression
Authors: Belfekih Taieb , Fitas Ricardo , Schaffrath Heinz-Joachim , Schabel Samuel
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach to represent the geometry of the corrugated board profile during compression using graphs. Graphs are lighter than images, and the computational time of compression analysis is then significantly reduced compared to using the original image data for the same analysis. The main goal of using such graphs is to gain more knowledge about the mechanical behavior of corrugated boards under compression compared to the current load–deformation curve approach. A node tracking algorithm is applied to characterize the different phases occurring during the compression test in order to predict physical phenomena, including buckling and contact. The main results show that analyzing the nodes provides significant insights into the compression phases, which has not been achieved in the current state of the art. The authors believe that the objective of this research is crucial to better understanding the physics of corrugated boards under compression, and it can also be extended to other engineering structures.
Finite Element Simulation of Acoustic Emissions from Different Failure Mechanisms in Composite Materials
Authors: Rijal Manoj , Amoateng-Mensah David , Sundaresan Mannur J.
Published: December 2024

Damage in composite laminates evolves through complex interactions of different failure modes, influenced by load type, environment, and initial damage, such as from transverse impact. This paper investigates damage growth in cross-ply polymeric matrix laminates under tensile load, focusing on three primary failure modes: transverse matrix cracks, delaminations, and fiber breaks in the primary loadbearing 0-degree laminae. Acoustic emission (AE) techniques can monitor and quantify damage in real time, provided the signals from these failure modes can be distinguished. However, directly observing crack growth and related AE signals is challenging, making numerical simulations a useful alternative. AE signals generated by the three failure modes were simulated using modified step impulses of appropriate durations based on incremental crack growth. Linear elastic finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to model the AE signal propagating as Lamb waves. Experimental attenuation data were used to modify the simulated AE waveforms by designing arbitrary magnitude response filters. The propagating waves can be detected as surface displacements or surface strains depending upon the type of sensor employed. This paper presents the signals corresponding to surface strains measured by surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors. Fiber break events showed higher-order Lamb wave modes with frequencies over 2 MHz, while matrix cracks primarily exhibited the fundamental S0 and A0 modes with frequencies ranging up to 650 kHz, with delaminations having a dominant A0 mode and frequency content less than 250 kHz. The amplitude and frequency content of signals from these failure modes are seen to change significantly with source–sensor distance, hence requiring an array of dense sensors to acquire the signals effectively. Furthermore, the reasonable correlation between the simulated waveforms and experimental acoustic emission signals obtained during quasi-static tensile test highlights the effectiveness of FEA in accurately modeling these failure modes in composite materials.
Novel Dual Parallel-Connected-Pump Hydraulic System and Error Allocation Strategy for Segment Assembly
Authors: Jiang Lijie , Zheng Zhe , Zhu Kaihao , Gong Guofang , Yang Huayong , Han Dong
Published: December 2024

Segment assembly is one of the principal processes during tunnel construction using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The segment erector is a robotic manipulator powered by a hydraulic system that assembles prefabricated concrete segments onto the excavated tunnel surface. In the case of a larger diameter, while the segment assembly has a more extensive range of motion, it also demands more control accuracy. However, the single-pump-based hydraulic system fails to meet the dual requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel dual parallel-connected-pump hydraulic system consisting of a small displacement pump and a large displacement pump. On this basis, taking advantage of both the quick response and low dead zone of the small pump and the high flow range of the large pump, a two-level error allocation strategy is constructed to coordinate the two pumps and keep the motion error of segment assembly within a small range. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted, and the results show that the proposed scheme achieves the simultaneous high-level synchronization of the two pumps and high-precision and high-speed motion-tracking performance.
A Mathematical Study of Effects of Alzheimer’s Drug Donepezil Hydrochloride on Neuronal Viscoelasticity and Action Potentials
Authors: Drapaca Corina S.
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. The few contemporary therapies may ease symptoms and/or slow down AD progression but cannot cure the disease. The orally administered AD drug donepezil hydrochloride enhances the availability of acetylcholine that supports cholinergic neurotransmission. In this paper, a generalized Hodgkin-Huxley model is proposed that uses Caputo fractional order temporal derivatives to link action potentials and viscoelasticity of cholinergic receptors. The model provides not only structurally dependent action potentials for health and AD but also a possible mechanism of donepezil effect on action potentials: the binding between the acetylcholine and the receptors preserves the structural fitness of these receptors. In addition, a generalized pharmacokinetic model of donepezil transport to the brain is proposed that incorporates controlled release modalities. Caputo fractional order temporal derivatives are used again to model anomalous drug release. Numerical simulations show how controlled release donepezil recovers the structural integrity of the receptors which further brings the abnormal action potentials due to AD to their healthy state. The results suggest that combining various drug release modalities and dosages may improve treatment effectiveness with donepezil.
Metal Transfer Behavior and Molten Pool Dynamics in Cold Metal Transfer Pulse Advanced Additive Manufacturing of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Yili , Zhang Dongbin , Zhang Chen
Published: December 2024

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with a special arc mode of cold metal transfer pulse advanced (CMT-PADV) is an ideal additive manufacturing process for fabricating aerospace components, primarily high-strength aluminum alloys, offering advantages such as high deposition rates and low cost. However, the numerical simulation of the CMT-PADV WAAM process has not been researched until now. In this study, we first developed a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model for the CMT-PADV WAAM of 7075 aluminum alloy, aiming at analyzing the droplet transition and molten pool flow. The results indicate that, under the CMT-PADV mode, droplet transition follows a mixed transition mode, combining short-circuiting and spray transition. The Direct Current Electrode Positive period of the arc accelerates droplet spray transition, significantly increasing molten pool flow. In contrast, the Direct Current Electrode Negative period of the arc predominantly features droplet short-circuiting transition with low heat input and a weak impact on the molten pool. The periodic switching of the current polarity of CMT-PADV mode results in periodic variations in molten pool size and volume, reducing heat input while maintaining high deposition quality. The revelation of this mechanism provides process-based guidance for low-defect, high-performance manufacturing of critical components.
Effects of the Application of Pseudomonas cedrina DY1-3 on the Growth of Maize Plants and the Structure of Soil Bacterial Community
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Shi Yanlei , Yuan Ye , Fan Yonghong , Chen Peng , Feng Yingying , Ningjing Mengkedala , Li Haocheng , Li Daiping , Wu Lewei
Published: December 2024

Against the background of increasing salinisation of land, the use of environmentally friendly plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) resources for soil improvement is particularly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pseudomonas cedrina DY1-3 on maize seedling growth, soil physico-chemical properties, and bacterial community structure. The study also evaluates the effects of this microbial agent on plant growth and saline soil improvement, providing theoretical references for microbial agents in promoting plant growth and improving saline soils. We found that there were significant differences between arable and saline soils in terms of soil physico-chemical properties and bacterial community structural composition, and that total salt was the main environmental factor influencing microbial communities. In both arable and saline soils, the application of DY1-3 bacterial suspension had a significant positive effect on the growth of maize plants and bacterial community richness. In arable soil, it could promote the growth of maize seedlings and significantly increase the Shannon and Simpson index, and AK was a key factor influencing the bacterial community. In saline soil, it could alleviate the mitigation stress and promote the growth of maize seedlings and cause a significant increase in Shannon’s and Chao1 index, and the application of DY1-3 and potting could cause a significant decrease in total salt. In addition, DY1-3 and maize plants acting together in the soil can better improve the saline soil. The above results indicate that DY1-3 has potential for saline soil improvement and crop yield enhancement.
Genome Insights into Beneficial Microbial Strains Composing SIMBA Microbial Consortia Applied as Biofertilizers for Maize, Wheat and Tomato
Authors: Cangioli Lisa , Tabacchioni Silvia , Visca Andrea , Fiore Alessia , Aprea Giuseppe , Ambrosino Patrizia , Ercole Enrico , Sørensen Soren , Mengoni Alessio , Bevivino Annamaria
Published: December 2024

For the safe use of microbiome-based solutions in agriculture, the genome sequencing of strains composing the inoculum is mandatory to avoid the spread of virulence and multidrug resistance genes carried by them through horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria in the environment. Moreover, the annotated genomes can enable the design of specific primers to trace the inoculum into the soil and provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms of plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity. In the present work, the genome sequences of some members of beneficial microbial consortia that have previously been tested in greenhouse and field trials as promising biofertilizers for maize, tomato and wheat crops have been determined. Strains belong to well-known plant-growth-promoting bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Rahnella. The genome size of strains ranged from 4.5 to 7.5 Mbp, carrying many genes spanning from 4402 to 6697, and a GC content of 0.04% to 3.3%. The annotation of the genomes revealed the presence of genes that are implicated in functions related to antagonism, pathogenesis and other secondary metabolites possibly involved in plant growth promotion and gene clusters for protection against oxidative damage, confirming the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activity of selected strains. All the target genomes were found to possess at least 3000 different PGP traits, belonging to the categories of nitrogen acquisition, colonization for plant-derived substrate usage, quorum sensing response for biofilm formation and, to a lesser extent, bacterial fitness and root colonization. No genes putatively involved in pathogenesis were identified. Overall, our study suggests the safe application of selected strains as “plant probiotics” for sustainable agriculture.
Formation of the Liaotianshan Volcano in Southeastern China: Implications for the Evolution and Recharge of Crustal Magma System
Authors: Shi Boyun , Liu Lei , Zhao Zengxia
Published: December 2024

Large-volume volcanic activity may offer significant insights into the evolution of silicic magma systems. The Liaotianshan volcano represents one of the earliest and best-preserved examples in SE China, comprising two stages of silicic volcanic rocks followed by extrusive rhyolite porphyries within the conduit. In this study, we present petrological and geochemical analyses, along with zircon dating, of the Liaotianshan volcano. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating results revealed that two-stage eruptions occurred between approximately 160 and 157 Ma, and the latest batch of magma was extruded from the conduit around 153 Ma. Volcanic rocks from both stages exhibit similar geochemical compositions, characterized by pronounced depletion in high-field-strength elements and enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, with the majority of zircon εHf(t) values falling within a narrow range of –9.8 to –5.4. In contrast, the extrusive rhyolite porphyries display distinct geochemical characteristics, demonstrating enrichment in heavy rare earth elements relative to light rare earth elements [(La/Yb)N = 0.14–0.61], obvious negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.01–0.03), and positive Ce anomalies, alongside markedly depleted zircon Hf isotopic compositions. We propose that the volcanic rocks from the two stages were formed by the reworking of the Paleoproterozoic crustal basement with occasional recharge of parental magma, while the extrusive rhyolite porphyries resulted from the mixing of crustal-derived magma and significantly depleted mantle-derived materials. The Liaotianshan volcano was formed in contradiction to the model of melt extraction and crystal accumulation within a magma chamber, instead reflecting the evolutionary history and replenishment dynamics of the crustal magma system.
Methods for Estimating the Bond Work Index for Ball Mills
Authors: Nikolić Vladimir , Ferradal Paula Sanchez , Medina Pierres Jesús , Menéndez-Aguado Juan M. , Trumić Milan
Published: December 2024

Mining is a crucial sector in the global economy, providing essential materials for various industries, including construction, electronics, and energy. However, traditional mining practices often have significant negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, integrating sustainable practices into mining has become vital. Grinding is a crucial stage in the mineral processing industry, essential in liberating valuable minerals from ore. However, it is also one of the most energy-intensive processes in mining operations, consuming a substantial amount of electricity. Understanding and optimising electricity consumption in the grinding process is essential for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing operational costs. The relationship between electricity consumption in the grinding process and the Bond Work Index (BWI) is a crucial aspect of mineral processing and energy management in the mining industry. Understanding this relationship helps optimise grinding operations and improve energy efficiency. This review paper continues a previous work, where possible alternative modified methods for estimating the BWI in a Bond ball mill are presented. An analysis of selected methods is also provided to assess and obtain an accurate value of the BWI, which is essential in the grinding process. The methods for estimating the BWI using the wet method are presented. It is shown how the BWI can be estimated using dynamic elastic parameters and how changes in the Bond ball mill affect the BWI value. New equations for calculating the BWI and alternative procedures for evaluating the BWI in samples of non-standard size are proposed. The paper presents a comparative analysis of all presented methods.
Diagenesis and Hydrocarbon Charging History of the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Tao Hua , Cui Junping , Liu Hao , Zhao Fanfan , Su Shihao
Published: December 2024

The Yanchang Formation of the Triassic in the Ordos Basin comprises various stratigraphic intervals. The Chang 8 reservoir represents a significant oil-producing section of the Yanchang Formation, and its hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism is complex. In this study, we analyzed the diagenetic evolution and reservoir-forming stages of the Chang 8 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Late Triassic in the Fuxian area, the southern Ordos Basin, via thin-section casting, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and fluid inclusion petrology and homogenization temperature analyses. The relationship between the petrogenesis and hydrocarbon charging history was analyzed, which provided guidance for identifying and predicting the hydrocarbon reservoir distribution. The results show that the main diagenesis types of the Chang 8 reservoir are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and metasomatism. The comprehensive analysis of the reservoir mineral types, diagenesis, diagenetic sequence, and thermal evolution degree of organic matter shows that the Chang 8 reservoir of the Yanchang Formation is in the A stage of the middle diagenesis stage. Under the overpressure of hydrocarbon generation, oil and gas migrated into the Chang 8 reservoir along fractures and connected pores. The earlier-stage hydrocarbon charging occurred after compaction and later than the early clay film formation and early calcite precipitation, and it also occurred earlier than or simultaneously with the quartz overgrowth. The later hydrocarbon charging occurred after the significant quartz overgrowth and late calcite pore filling. Depending on the homogenization temperature and salinity, the fluid inclusions can be divided into two types: low-temperature, low-salt (90–105 °C, 1.4%–11.2%) fluid inclusions and high-temperature, high-salt (115–120 °C, 2.2%–12.5%) fluid inclusions. According to the analysis of the evolution of the burial history, hydrocarbon charging in the Chang 8 reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the Fuxian area occurred in two consecutive periods: 133~126 Ma and 122~119 Ma, demonstrating one-scene, two-stage reservoir formation, characterized by simultaneous reservoir densification and hydrocarbon charging. In this research, we precisely ascertained the regional diagenetic characteristics and patterns and periods of hydrocarbon charging, thereby furnishing crucial evidence that deepens the comprehension of sedimentary basin evolution.
Visualization and Estimation of 0D to 1D Nanostructure Size by Photoluminescence
Authors: Medvids Artūrs , Plūdons Artūrs , Vaitkevičius Augustas , Miasojedovas Saulius , Ščajev Patrik
Published: December 2024

We elaborate a method for determining the 0D–1D nanostructure size by photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum dependence on the nanostructure dimensions. As observed, the high number of diamond-like carbon nanocones shows a strongly blue-shifted PL spectrum compared to the bulk material, allowing for the calculation of their top dimensions of 2.0 nm. For the second structure model, we used a sharp atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, which showed green emission localized on its top, as determined by confocal microscopy. Using the PL spectrum, the calculation allowed us to determine the tip size of 1.5 nm, which correlated well with the SEM measurements. The time-resolved PL measurements shed light on the recombination process, providing stretched-exponent decay with a τ0 = 1 ns lifetime, indicating a gradual decrease in exciton lifetime along the height of the cone from the base to the top due to surface and radiative recombination. Therefore, the proposed method provides a simple optical procedure for determining an AFM tip or other nanocone structure sharpness without the need for sample preparation and special expensive equipment.
Research on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Al-Mo Alloy Films
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Huanqing , Chen Yulan , Qi Xiaoben , Zhong Ning
Published: December 2024

In this work, the Al-Mo nanocrystalline alloy films with Mo contents ranging from 0–10.5 at.% were prepared via magnetron co-sputtering technology. The composition and microstructure of alloy thin films were studied using XRD, TEM, and EDS. The mechanical behaviors were tested through nanoindentation. The weights of each strengthening factor were calculated and the strengthening mechanism of alloy thin films was revealed. The results indicate that a portion of Mo atoms exist in the Al lattice, forming a solid solution of Mo in Al. The other part of Mo atoms tends to segregate at the grain boundaries, and this segregation becomes more pronounced with an increase in Mo content. There are no compounds or second phases present in any alloy films. As the Mo element content increases, the grain size of the alloy films gradually decreases. The hardness of pure aluminum film is 2.2 GPa. The hardness increases with an increase in Mo content. When the Mo content is 10.5 at.%, The hardness of the film increases to a maximum value of 4.9 GPa. The fine grain (∆Hgb), solid solution (∆Hss), and nanocrystalline solute pinning (∆Hnc,ss) are the three main reasons for the increase in the hardness of alloy thin films. The contribution of ∆Hgb is the largest, accounting for over 60% of the total, while the contribution of ∆Hss accounts for about 30%, ranking second. The rest of the increase is due to ∆Hnc,ss.
Ergogenic and Sympathomimetic Effects of Yohimbine: A Review
Authors: Porrill Sophia L. , Rogers Rebecca R. , Ballmann Christopher G.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this review is to compile and discuss available evidence in humans on the efficacy of YHM supplementation on performance in different exercise modalities. Yohimbine (YHM) is a naturally occurring alkaloid that induces increases in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation effectively initiating “fight or flight” responses. In supplement form, YHM is commonly sold as an isolated product or combined into multi-ingredient exercise supplements and is widely consumed in fitness settings despite the lack of empirical support until recently. YHM primarily acts as an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist effectively increasing norepinephrine release from sympathetic neurons. YHM has been implicated in improving or altering cardiovascular function, blood flow, lactate metabolism, and muscle function. Emerging evidence has suggested that YHM may have the potential to improve performance in a wide range of exercise modes including endurance, sprint, and resistance exercise. Performance enhancement with YHM is mediated by mechanistic underpinnings of physiological and psychological alterations to exercise responses including increased sympathetic activation, adaptive hemodynamic changes, increased alertness, and decreased fatigue. However, YHM use is not without risk as it has high interindividual variability in bioavailability, can be deceptively potent, lacks widely accepted dosing recommendations, and, when taken in large doses, has been empirically documented to result in serious side effects. Despite this, the evidence presented in this review suggests low doses of YHM are tolerable and may serve as an ideal exercise training aid due to acute enhancement of physical performance. However, safety concerns remain outstanding and temperance should be used when using YHM and similar sympathomimetics.
From Structure to Function: How Prebiotic Diversity Shapes Gut Integrity and Immune Balance
Authors: Pedrosa Lucas , de Vos Paul , Fabi João
Published: December 2024

The microbiota stability, diversity, and composition are pillars for an efficient and beneficial symbiotic relationship between its host and itself. Microbial dysbiosis, a condition where a homeostatic bacterial community is disturbed by acute or chronic events, is a predisposition for many diseases, including local and systemic inflammation that leads to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and some types of cancers. Classical dysbiosis occurs in the large intestine. During this period, pathogenic strains can multiply, taking advantage of the compromised environment. This overgrowth triggers an exaggerated inflammatory response from the human immune system due to the weakened integrity of the intestinal barrier. Such inflammation can also directly influence higher polyp formation and/or tumorigenesis. Prebiotics can be instrumental in preventing or correcting dysbiosis. Prebiotics are molecules capable of serving as substrates for fermentation processes by gut microorganisms. This can promote returning the intestinal environment to homeostasis. Effective prebiotics are generally specific oligo- and polysaccharides, such as FOS or inulin. However, the direct effects of prebiotics on intestinal epithelial and immune cells must also be taken into consideration. This interaction happens with diverse prebiotic nondigestible carbohydrates, and they can inhibit or decrease the inflammatory response. The present work aims to elucidate and describe the different types of prebiotics, their influence, and their functionalities for health, primarily focusing on their ability to reduce and control inflammation in the intestinal epithelial barrier, gut, and systemic environments.