bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Economic Impacts of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Australia: A Closer Look at Gender Gaps in Employment, Earnings and Education
Authors: Risse Leonora
Published: February 2023

Three years into the COVID‐19 pandemic, this article considers the longer‐lasting economic impacts on the Australian workforce through a gender lens. Using Australian Bureau of Statistics data, it analyses changes in employment, earnings and educational participation relative to the pre‐pandemic trends that were predicted to have otherwise occurred. Despite women's employment moving back towards pre‐pandemic levels more rapidly than men's, the pandemic also saw a widening of the gender gap in earnings and a larger fall in women's educational participation. This paper highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of labour market indicators through a gender lens to inform more responsive policy design.
Characterization of the interaction between boscalid and tannic acid and its effect on the antioxidant properties of tannic acid
Authors: Fu Xiaoyan , Yuan Shaofeng , Yang Fangwei , Yu Hang , Xie Yunfei , Guo Yahui , Yao Weirong
Published: February 2023

The binding of pesticide residues and fruit components may have a profound impact on pesticide dissipation and the functional characteristics of the corresponding components. Therefore, the interaction between boscalid and tannic acid (TA, a representative phenolic in fruit) was systematically investigated using spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and computational chemistry methods. A separable system was designed to obtain the boscalid–TA complex. Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR spectroscopies indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds in the complex. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the complex bound spontaneously through hydrophobic interactions (ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0), with a binding constant of 6.0 × 105 M−1 at 298 K. The molecular docking results further confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in the complex at the molecular level, with a binding energy of −8.43 kcal mol−1. In addition, the binding of boscalid to TA significantly decreased the antioxidant activity of TA. The binding of boscalid residue to TA was characterized at the molecular level, which significantly reduced the in vitro antioxidant properties of TA.

Practical Application

This study provides a reference for the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between pesticide residues and food matrices, as well as a basis for regulating bound‐state pesticide residues in food.
Editorial: considerations for expanding treatment in grey zone chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chun , Jeng Wen‐Juei
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17272 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17369
Who is my family?: A comparative study of the family boundary in East Asia
Authors: Eun Suk , An Seung Jae
Published: February 2023

Most Asian countries are regarded as Confucian countries although each has its own historical and cultural background. Little is known about how people in different Asian countries perceive their family boundaries. This study is an attempt to compare the perception of the family in China, Japan, and Korea. We examined the family perception and found substantial differences among the three. Chinese people showed the widest and paternally extended perception of family. Data from people in Korea nearly matched data from China, but family perception developed bilaterally. People in Japan, however, perceived only blood‐tied, intimate relations as family members. In addition, the perception of the family was not substantially different between the genders in Japan and China, but in South Korea, men perceived family boundaries more widely than women, implying that women have a greater family burden than men in Korea. Considering the heterogeneity in family perceptions in these countries, this paper tries to explain how social institutions interact with individuals and impact the perception of family. Finally, this paper concludes that it is inappropriate to tie the three East Asian countries as ‘Confucian civilizations’ in terms of family perception.
SOCS3 deregulation contributes to aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in precursor T‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Lahera Antonio , López‐Nieva Pilar , Alarcón Hernán , Marín‐Rubio José L. , Cobos‐Fernández María Á. , Fernández‐Navarro Pablo , Fernández Agustín F. , Vela‐Martín Laura , Sastre Isabel , Ruiz‐García Sara , Llamas Pilar , López‐Lorenzo José L. , Cornago Javier , Santos Javier , Fernández‐Piqueras José , Villa‐Morales María
Published: February 2023

Despite the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway being frequently altered in T‐ALL/LBL, no specific therapy has been approved for T‐ALL/LBL patients with constitutive signalling by JAK/STAT, so there is an urgent need to identify pathway members that may be potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we searched for JAK/STAT pathway members potentially modulated through aberrant methylation and identified SOCS3 hypermethylation as a recurrent event in T‐ALL/LBL. Additionally, we explored the implications of SOCS3 deregulation in T‐ALL/LBL and demonstrated that SOCS3 counteracts the constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway through different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, SOCS3 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in T‐ALL/LBL.
Screening diagnosis of executive dysfunction after ischemic stroke and the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: A prospective functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Liu Yuanwen , Luo Jing , Fang Jie , Yin Mingyu , Cao Jie , Zhang Shuxian , Huang Li , Cheng Qilin , Ai Yinan , Zheng Haiqing , Hu Xiquan
Published: February 2023

Background

Post‐ischemic stroke executive impairment (PISEI) is a serious obstacle for patients to returning to their society and is currently difficult to screen early and clinically ineffective.

Aim

The aim of the study was to clarify whether functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used as a rapid screening tool for PISEI and to explore the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in PISEI patients and the changes in brain function.

Methods

A single‐blind, randomized controlled study design was used to detect hemodynamic differences by fNIIRS in 16 PISEI patients and 16 healthy subjects during the resting state and Stroop task, respectively. After 3 days, all subjects received a single TMS intervention and underwent simultaneous fNIRS testing for the Stroop task before and 3 days after the TMS intervention.

Results

PISEI patients had significantly higher HbO2 content in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the right pre‐motor cortex (PMC) and the right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) during the Stroop task compared to the resting state (F = 141.966, p < 0.001), but significantly lower than healthy subjects (T = −3.413, p = 0.002). After TMS intervention, PISEI patients' time and error number scores on the Stroop test were significantly enhanced, and the functional activity of the above‐mentioned brain regions was significantly more active than at baseline, while the strength of their functional connections with each other was markedly increased.

Conclusions

fNIRS helped screen and diagnose PISEI. A single TMS session benefited PISEI patients with effects lasting 3 days, which may be attributed to activation of the left DLPFC, right PMC and right SM1 brain regions.
User‐perceived impact of long‐term mechanical assisted cough in paediatric neurodisability
Authors: Hov Brit , Andersen Tiina , Toussaint Michel , Mikalsen Ingvild B. , Vollsæter Maria , Markussen Heidi , Indrekvam Solfrid , Hovland Vegard
Published: February 2023

Aim

To (1) compare the perceived benefit of long‐term mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E) of children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including health care needs and treatment routines and (2) describe the children's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Method

This cross‐sectional study used a questionnaire and memory card data to assess the perceived benefit of MI‐E via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 10 maximum), willingness to pause treatment, level of health care needs before and after MI‐E initiation, and the children's treatment routines. A DISABKIDS questionnaire assessed HRQoL (100 maximum).

Results

Seventy‐three children using MI‐E participated (42 males, median [interquartile range {IQR}] age 10 years 2 months [6 years 3 months–14 years 1 month]), 47 with NMDs (such as spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and 26 with CNS disorders (such as cerebral palsy, encephalitis, neurometabolic and other diseases). The median (IQR) VAS score for the perceived benefit of MI‐E therapy at stable state and respiratory tract infection were 9 (6–10) and 10 (8.5–10) respectively. Sixty‐two per cent were reluctant or unwilling to pause MI‐E therapy, with no NMD versus CNS disorder group difference. After MI‐E initiation, fewer physician consultations and hospitalizations were reported by the group with NMDs. The MI‐E routine was similar in both groups. The mean (SD) HRQoL score for 26 of 51 eligible children was 71 (16.7).

Interpretation

MI‐E treatment was generally perceived as beneficial and performed equally in both diagnostic groups. HRQoL was in line with children with a moderate‐to‐severe chronic condition.

What this paper adds

Mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E) was generally perceived as beneficial by the children and parents.

The reported benefit of MI‐E was higher among daily than sporadic MI‐E users.

The MI‐E treatment routine did not differ between diagnostic groups.

The health‐related quality of life in this neuropaediatric population was in line with that of children with other moderate‐to‐severe chronic conditions.
Efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cherney David Z. I. , Ferrannini Ele , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Peters Anne L. , Rosenstock Julio , Powell David R. , Davies Michael J. , Banks Phillip , Agarwal Rajiv
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium‐glucose co‐transporters 1 and 2, in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD3).

Materials and Methods

This phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial evaluated sotagliflozin 200 and 400 mg in 787 patients with T2D and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30‐59 ml/min/1.73m2. The primary objective was superiority of week 26 HbA1c reductions with sotagliflozin versus placebo. Secondary endpoints included changes in other glycaemic and renal endpoints overall and in CKD3 subgroups.

Results

At 26 weeks, the placebo‐adjusted mean change in HbA1c (from a baseline of 8.3% ± 1.0%) was –0.1% (95% CI: –0.2% to 0.05%; P = .2095) and –0.2% (–0.4% to –0.09%; P = .0021) in the sotagliflozin 200 and 400 mg groups, respectively. Significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose and body weight, but not systolic blood pressure, were observed. Among patients with at least A2 albuminuria at week 26, the urine albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) was reduced with both sotagliflozin doses relative to placebo. At week 52, UACR was reduced with sotagliflozin 200 mg in the CKD3B group. Adverse events (AEs), including serious AEs, were similar between the treatment groups.

Conclusions

After 26 weeks, HbA1c was significantly reduced with sotagliflozin 400 but not 200 mg compared with placebo in this CKD3 cohort. UACR in patients with at least A2 albuminuria was reduced with each of the two doses at 26 weeks, but changes were not sustained at week 52. The safety findings were consistent with previous reports (NCT03242252).
Structure‐preserving transformations of epistemic models
Authors: Bach Christian W. , Perea Andrés
Published: February 2023

The prevailing approaches to modeling interactive uncertainty with epistemic models in economics are state‐based and type‐based. We explicitly formulate two general procedures that transform state models into type models and vice versa. Both transformation procedures preserve the belief hierarchies as well as the common prior assumption. By means of counterexamples it is shown that our procedures are not inverse to each other. However, if attention is restricted to maximally reduced epistemic models, then isomorphisms can be constructed and an inverse relationship emerges.
State ownership and zombie firms: Evidence from China's 2008 stimulus plan
Authors: Li Jiani , Li Jie , Zhou Tianhang
Published: February 2023

Whether and how are zombie firms associated with a crisis‐rescue plan? We examine this issue through the channel of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). We find that, after China's 2008 stimulus plan, a firm in the city with a high SOE share is more likely to become a zombie firm. This result may be driven by the fact that government‐led investment, through SOEs, tends to focus more on employment‐related projects than efficient ones, particularly during the crisis period. Resource misallocation associated with the crisis‐rescue plan may cause production inefficiency, which leads to the emergence of zombie firms.
Transcriptomic profiling of castes and of sexually and parthenogenetically produced reproductive females in the termite Cavitermes tuberosus
Authors: de Souza Araujo Natalia , Hellemans Simon , Roisin Yves , Fournier Denis
Published: February 2023

In termites with a true worker caste, the development pattern splits up from early developmental stages: primary reproductives develop through the nymphal line, whereas workers and soldiers follow the apterous developmental line. In some species, such as Cavitermes tuberosus Emerson (Isoptera: Termitidae, Termitinae), secondary reproductives (or neotenics) may also develop through the nymphal line from a transitional stage called aspirant. Aspirants originate mostly from automictic parthenogenetic reproduction. Therefore, C. tuberosus queens originate from sexual (primary queens) or parthenogenetic (neotenic queens) reproduction. A comparison of these two queen castes offers the possibility to better understand core molecular underpinnings of caste development and plasticity in termites. We investigated these molecular mechanisms by using high‐throughput Illumina RNA sequencing of pooled individuals. We first assembled the de novo reference transcriptome of C. tuberosus, and then identified the transcripts consistently co‐expressed across castes, sexes, and two alternative routes to female reproduction. Cavitermes tuberosus final transcriptome had 130 874 transcripts, N50 of 3398, and total length of 213 549 184 bp. We found that female reproductive maturation was characterized by gene expression down‐regulation: primary queens expressed fewer transcripts overall and had the greatest number of down‐regulated transcripts when compared to all other castes. In both secondary and primary queens, biological processes involved in muscle development and contraction, flight, and olfactory learning were enriched in the down‐regulated gene cluster. In contrast, processes related to reproductive development, insulin receptor signaling pathway, isoprenoid biosynthesis, and multiple metabolic processes were enriched among up‐regulated genes in primary queens. Finally, we found that 17% of all transcripts (21852) were differently co‐expressed when females from sexual and parthenogenetic origins were compared, even though the expression profile of core reproductive‐related gene clusters showed a similar trend in all reproductive females despite their origin. Our findings fit the genomic imprinting model predictions of a maternal effect that commonly regulates the expression of core reproductive genes in females from parthenogenetic and non‐parthenogenetic origins, whereas the expression of non‐reproductive genes varies.
Editor Profile: Ana García Sáez
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Sáez Ana García
Published: February 2023

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Ana García‐Sáez is Professor at the CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne (Germany). She has served as an Editorial Board Member of The FEBS Journal since 2021.
Editor Profile: Fumiyo Ikeda
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Ikeda Fumiyo
Published: February 2023

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Fumiyo Ikeda is Professor at the Ubiquitin Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University (Japan). She has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2021.
Population growth and behavioural interactions of a critically endangered fish with co‐occurring native and exotic species
Authors: Suárez‐Rodríguez M. , del‐Val E. , Domínguez‐Domínguez O. , Ojanguren A. F. , Camacho‐Cervantes M.
Published: February 2023

Invasive species represent a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services and cost millions of dollars to the global economy. The viviparous Mexican fish known as the tequila splitfin (Zoogoneticus tequila) became extinct in the wild as a consequence of habitat loss and degradation, and interactions with invasive species. Tequila splitfins are native to the Teuchitlan River in Central Mexico; they were kept in captivity and reintroduced into their native distribution in 2016. Approximately 80% of the fish in the Teuchitlan River are exotic species, and over 50% are twospot livebearers (Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus).

We performed an ex‐situ mesocosm experiment to explore whether tequila splitfin populations would establish and increase, and how fish would behave when introduced into sites already colonised by other species. We tested this idea by introducing tequila splitfin individuals into empty mesocosms, mesocosms where individuals of the native Ameca splendens had established, mesocosms with individuals of the native Goodea atripinnis and mesocosms with individuals of exotic invasive twospot livebearers. All heterospecific species have been recorded in tequila splitfin's native range, are viviparous fish and share ecological requirements with them.

We found that tequila splitfin abundance (number of individuals that survived and new individuals) was greater when sharing mesocosms with native species. Furthermore, they had reduced activity levels when inhabiting mesocosms with exotic invasive twospot livebearers, in comparison, interactions with natives proved to be beneficial.

Our results highlight the need to remove exotic invasive species and protect other native species to increase reintroduction success. Close monitoring is needed during the initial stages of the reintroduction, and several reintroduction events from captive breeding facilities may also be necessary. When planning a reintroduction, it is critical to remove exotic species and make an effort to restore the habitat as close as possible to the original conditions.
Identification of candidate genes for nicotine withdrawal in C57BL/6J × DBA/2J recombinant inbred mice
Authors: Smith Maren L. , Mignogna Kristin M. , Rokita Jo L. , MacLeod Lorna , Damaj M. Imad , Miles Michael F.
Published: February 2023

Nicotine is the reinforcing ingredient in tobacco. Following chronic exposure, sudden cessation of nicotine use produces negative symptoms of withdrawal that contribute to dependence. The molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal behaviors, however, are poorly understood. Using recombinant inbred mice, chronic nicotine was delivered by minipump and withdrawal induced using mecamylamine. Somatic signs of withdrawal, and anxiety‐like behavior using elevated plus maze, were then assessed. Interval mapping was used to identify associations between genetic variation and withdrawal behaviors, and with basal gene expression. Differential gene expression following nicotine exposure and withdrawal was also assessed in progenitor mice using microarrays. Quantitative trait loci mapping identified chromosome intervals with significant genetic associations to somatic signs of withdrawal or withdrawal‐induced anxiety‐like behavior. Using bioinformatics, and association with basal gene expression in nucleus accumbens, we implicated Rb1, Bnip3l, Pnma2, Itm2b, and Kif13b as candidate genes for somatic signs of withdrawal, and Galr1, which showed trans‐regulation from a region of chromosome 14 that was associated with somatic signs of withdrawal. Candidate genes within the chromosome 9 region associated with anxiety‐like withdrawal behavior included Dixdc1, Ncam1, and Sorl1. Bioinformatics identified six genes that were also significantly associated with nicotine or alcohol traits in recent human genome‐wide association studies. Withdrawal‐associated somatic signs and anxiety‐like behavior had strong non‐overlapping genetic associations, respectively, with regions of chromosome 14 and chromosome 9. Genetic, behavioral and gene expression correlations, and bioinformatics analysis identified several candidate genes that may represent novel molecular targets for modulating nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Groundwater Monitoring through Citizen Science: A Review of Project Designs and Results
Authors: Nath Shuvojit , Kirschke Sabrina
Published: February 2023

Citizen science is increasingly prominent in the field of freshwater monitoring. Although there is a large body of literature related to surface water monitoring, less experience exists regarding citizen‐based monitoring of groundwater resources. This calls for a better understanding of the actual experiences of citizen science in the field of groundwater monitoring, including specific project designs and results. Based on a systematic review of 33 citizen‐based groundwater monitoring activities, we analyze (1) the design of citizen science projects, including their general project characteristics, institutional characteristics, citizen characteristics, and forms of interactions, as well as (2) their results, including their data outputs, outcomes on citizens, and impacts on problem‐solving. Results show that projects mainly have positive results on data quantity and quality and partly influence the citizens themselves and their contributions to groundwater‐related problem‐solving. Information on project design characteristics is scarce and mostly hints at the relevance of specific process mechanisms such as training and feedback. Based on these results, we suggest groundwater‐related projects to consider involving citizen scientists in monitoring activities in order to benefit research and citizens alike. Such involvement needs, however, careful design including relevant training to unfold its full potential for both sides. Researchers are advised here to rigorously report on both design and results to further improve citizen science practice in the future.
Patients', carers' and healthcare providers' views of patient‐held health records in Kerala, India: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Joseph Linju , Greenfield Sheila , Manaseki‐Holland Semira , T. R. Lekha , S. Sujakumari , Panniyammakal Jeemon , Lavis Anna
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Poor medical information transfer across healthcare visits and providers poses a potential threat to patient safety. Patient‐held health records (PHRs) may be used to facilitate informational continuity, handover communication and patient self‐management. However, there are conflicting opinions on the effectiveness of PHRs, other than in maternal and child care. Moreover, the experiences of users of PHRs in low‐ and middle‐income countries are critical in policy decisions but have rarely been researched.

Aim

This study aimed to explore similarities and differences in the perspectives of patients, carers and healthcare providers (HCPs) on the current PHRs for diabetes and hypertension in Kerala.

Methods

A qualitative design was used comprising semistructured interviews with patients with diabetes/hypertension (n = 20), carers (n = 15) and HCPs (n = 17) in Kerala, India. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Themes generated regarding the experiences with PHRs from each user group were compared and contrasted. The themes that arose were organized under three headings: use of PHRs in everyday practice; the perceived value of PHR and where practice and value conflict. We found that in the use of PHRs in everyday practice, multiple PHRs posed challenges for patients carrying records and for HCPs locating relevant information. Most carers carried all patients' past PHRs, while patients made decisions on which PHR to take along based on the purpose of the healthcare visit. HCPs appreciated having PHRs but documented limited details in them. The perceived value of PHRs by each group for themselves was different. While HCPs placed value on PHRs for enabling better clinical decision‐making, preventing errors and patient safety, patients perceived them as transactional tools for diabetes and hypertension medications; carers highlighted their value during emergencies.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that users find a variety of values for PHRs. However, these perceived values are different for each user group, suggesting minimal functioning of PHRs for informational continuity, handover communication and self‐management.

Patient and Public Involvement

Patients and carers were involved during the pilot testing of topic guides, consent and study information sheets. Patients and carers gave their feedback on the materials to ensure clarity and appropriateness within the context.
Evaluating the benefit of early patient and public involvement for product development and testing with small companies
Authors: Hinton Elanor C. , Fenwick Cameron , Hall Martin , Bell Mike , Hamilton‐Shield Julian P. , Gibson Andrew
Published: February 2023

Introduction

There is a growing understanding of the benefits of patient and public involvement (PPI), and its evaluation, in research. An online version of the CUBE PPI evaluation framework has been developed. We sought to use the CUBE to evaluate the value of early PPI with two small healthcare companies during product development.

Methods

Contributors were recruited online and had lived experience of either type 1 diabetes or obesity. Two 1‐h sessions were run with a company developing a smartphone application to manage diabetes (DEE‐EM): one with young people (YP; n = 5) and one with parents (n = 7). Two 1‐h sessions were run with a company developing a weight‐loss product, both with adults (n = 7 in each session). Sessions were facilitated by an independent University researcher and attended by company representatives, who presented their product. One facilitator led the evaluation of the session by giving a demonstration of the CUBE and asking simple questions in the YP session.

Results

A high proportion of contributors completed the CUBE (80.5% DEE‐EM; 93% Oxford Medical Products). Responses were positive to all four CUBE dimensions (in italics). Contributors felt there were diverse ways to contribute to the sessions, and that they had a strong voice to add to the discussion. Balance was achieved regarding whose concerns (public or company) led the agenda, and contributors felt that both companies would make changes based on the discussion. The supportive attitude of both companies resulted in most contributors feeling comfortable participating in PPI sessions with the industry, while recognising the profit‐making aspect of their work.

Conclusions

PPI with small healthcare companies is both feasible and worthwhile. The CUBE framework facilitated the evaluation of the interaction between experts in different knowledge spaces. We provide recommendations for future projects, including considerations of who should participate and the level of implicit endorsement of the product that participation implies.

Patient or Public Contribution

People with lived experience of type 1 diabetes or obesity were invited to contribute to one of four PPI sessions, which they then evaluated. One contributor agreed to contribute to the analysis of the evaluation data and interpretation and preparation of the manuscript.
Recovery‐oriented daily care practice for community‐based mental health service consumers in Japan: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Matoba Kei , Buyo Momoko , Odachi Ryo , Kajiwara Tomomi , Endo Yoshimi
Published: February 2023

Recovery, which is a non‐linear, unique process allowing mental health service consumers to live autonomously, has become a prominent concept. However, adapting recovery‐oriented practice to daily care is challenging. We explored recovery‐oriented practice among mental health professionals in Japan via semi‐structured interviews including nurses, occupational therapists, and psychiatric social workers (17 professionals in total). Data were analysed using grounded theory. Six categories emerged. The core category was ‘Continuing to adjust care to meet consumers’ needs for their unique lives'. The professionals stated that they practised in accordance with the service consumers' sincere hopes based on an equitable relationship because they believed that this approach would enhance consumers' personal agency, proactive behaviour, and self‐choice. Despite negative consequences, the professionals did not view the consumers' choices as ‘failures' and instead helped them to find meaning in their experiences. Although the therapeutic relationship tended to be paternalistic, participants described how concrete practices helped build an equitable relationship. In recovery‐oriented practice, the provision of support centred on consumer values is important, without imposing own's own values. Care practices should also be aligned with consumers' hopes, needs and goals.
Old Age as a Stage of Life
Authors: Kazez Jean
Published: February 2023

The objective list account of wellbeing is usually taken to say that the same set of goods is relevant to wellbeing for any person, regardless of age. Coupled with reasonable assumptions about how goods are distributed over the lifespan, that leads to a picture of wellbeing as higher in midlife and lower in childhood and old age. I argue that a stage‐relativized objective list theory is more plausible, after exploring several ways to understand the concept of a life stage. On the stage‐relativized view, lists of goods that define wellbeing vary in the sense that there are shifting thresholds and subcategories relevant to different stages of life, but also because there are goods that count at one stage and count less or not at all at others. After exploring the list of goods for old age, I argue that the old age form of wellbeing can be welcomed even if the goods it offers are not superior to midlife goods.
Outcomes of chlorhexidine lavage without capsulectomy versus complete capsulectomy after lead extraction for the treatment of cardiac implantable electronic device infection
Authors: Diaz Juan Carlos , Marin Jorge E. , Aristizabal Julian M. , Bastidas Oriana , Hoyos Carolina , Matos Carlos , Lopez‐Cabanillas Nestor , Matias Jose , Di Biase Luigi , Romero Jorge ,   other members of the Study Group
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Capsulectomy is recommended in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection after transvenous lead extraction (TLE) but is time‐consuming and requires extensive tissue debridement. In this study, we describe the outcomes of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) lavage in lieu of capsulectomy for the treatment of CIED infections.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent TLE for CIED‐related infections in two institutions in Colombia. In the capsulectomy group, complete capsulectomy was performed after hardware removal. In the CHG group, exhaustive lavage of the generator pocket with 20 cc of CHG at 2% followed by irrigation with approximately 500 cc of normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) was performed. The primary outcomes included reinfection and hematoma formation in the generator pocket. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of any adverse reaction to chlorhexidine, the need for reintervention, infection‐related mortality, and total procedural time.

Results

A total of 102 patients (mean age 67.2 ± 13 years, 32.4% female) underwent CIED extraction with either total capsulectomy (n = 54) or CHG (n = 48) lavage. Hematoma formation was significantly higher in the capsulectomy group versus the CHG group (13% vs. 0%, p = .014), with no significant differences in the reinfection rate. Capsulectomy was associated with longer procedural time (133.7 ± 78.5 vs. 89.9 ± 51.8 min, p = .002). No adverse reactions to CHG were found. Four patients (4.3%) died from worsening sepsis: three in the capsulectomy group and one in the CHG group (p = .346).

Conclusions

In patients with CIED infections, the use of CHG without capsulectomy resulted in a lower risk of hematoma formation and shorter procedural times without an increased risk of reinfection or adverse events associated with CHG use.
El Ser del Terapeuta: A narrative examination into family‐of‐origin influence on the professional self of students in family therapy training in Colombia
Authors: Becerra Michael Damon , Botero Mireya O. , Velez Isabel C. Bernal , Silva Adriana S. S. , S. Garcia Luisa Maria , Posada David S. O.
Published: February 2023

This qualitative narrative study aimed to examine how a family of origin influenced the professional self of Colombian students pursuing a profession in family therapy. Few research studies have investigated the development of self among native Spanish speakers from Colombia. Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in clinical psychology and family therapy internships (N = 16) from the Colombian cities of Medellín, Pereira, and Santa Marta participated in this study. Data collection using personal diaries, family albums, autobiographies, and in‐depth interviews served as sources for narrative analysis. Two themes and four subthemes representing positive and negative aspects of influences of families of origin helped organize the findings. Student experiences illustrate abilities, skills, and potentialities in the narratives. Implications for clinical training and future research recommendations highlight a path forward.
A single post‐exposure oxime RS194B treatment rapidly reactivates acetylcholinesterase and reverses acute symptoms in macaques exposed to diethylphosphorothioate parathion and chlorpyrifos insecticides
Authors: Rosenberg Yvonne J. , Garcia Kelly , Diener Justin , Sullivan Dennis , Donahue Scott , Mao Lingjun , Lees Jonathan , Jiang Xiaoming , Urban Lori A. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Ho Kwok‐Yiu , Taylor Palmer
Published: February 2023

Millions of individuals globally suffer from inadvertent, occupational or self‐harm exposures from organophosphate (OP) insecticides, significantly impacting human health. Similar to nerve agents, insecticides are neurotoxins that target and inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in central and peripheral synapses in the cholinergic nervous system. Post‐exposure therapeutic countermeasures generally include administration of atropine with an oxime to reactivate the OP‐inhibited AChE. However, animal model studies and recent clinical trials using insecticide‐poisoned individuals have shown minimal clinical benefits of the currently approved oximes and their efficacy as antidotes has been debated. Currently used oximes either reactivate poorly, do not readily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), or are rapidly cleared from the circulation and must be repeatedly administered. Zwitterionic oximes of unbranched and simplified structure, for example RS194B, have been developed that efficiently cross the BBB resulting in reactivation of OP‐inhibited AChE and dramatic reversal of severe clinical symptoms in mice and macaques exposed to OP insecticides or nerve agents. Thus, a single IM injection of RS194B has been shown to rapidly restore blood AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, reverse cholinergic symptoms, and prevent death in macaques following lethal inhaled sarin and paraoxon exposure. The present macaque studies extend these findings and assess the ability of post‐exposure RS194B treatment to counteract oral poisoning by highly toxic diethylphosphorothioate insecticides such as parathion and chlorpyrifos. These OPs require conversion by P450 in the liver of the inactive thions to the active toxic oxon forms, and once again demonstrated RS194B efficacy to reactivate and alleviate clinical symptoms within 60 mins of a single IM administration. Furthermore, when delivered orally, the Tmax of RS194B at 1–2 h was in the same range as those administered IM but were maintained in the circulation for longer periods greatly facilitating the use of RS194B as a non‐invasive treatment, especially in isolated rural settings.

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Modified skulls but conservative brains? The palaeoneurology and endocranial anatomy of baryonychine dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae)
Authors: Barker Chris Tijani , Naish Darren , Trend Jacob , Michels Lysanne Veerle , Witmer Lawrence , Ridgley Ryan , Rankin Katy , Clarkin Claire E. , Schneider Philipp , Gostling Neil J.
Published: February 2023

The digital reconstruction of neurocranial endocasts has elucidated the gross brain structure and potential ecological attributes of many fossil taxa, including Irritator, a spinosaurine spinosaurid from the “mid” Cretaceous (Aptian) of Brazil. With unexceptional hearing capabilities, this taxon was inferred to integrate rapid and controlled pitch‐down movements of the head that perhaps aided in the predation of small and agile prey such as fish. However, the neuroanatomy of baryonychine spinosaurids remains to be described, and potentially informs on the condition of early spinosaurids. Using micro‐computed tomographic scanning (μCT), we reconstruct the braincase endocasts of Baryonyx walkeri and Ceratosuchops inferodios from the Wealden Supergroup (Lower Cretaceous) of England. We show that the gross endocranial morphology is similar to other non‐maniraptoriform theropods, and corroborates previous observations of overall endocranial conservatism amongst more basal theropods. Several differences of unknown taxonomic utility are noted between the pair. Baryonychine neurosensory capabilities include low‐frequency hearing and unexceptional olfaction, whilst the differing morphology of the floccular lobe tentatively suggests less developed gaze stabilisation mechanisms relative to spinosaurines. Given the morphological similarities observed with other basal tetanurans, baryonychines likely possessed comparable behavioural sophistication, suggesting that the transition from terrestrial hypercarnivorous ancestors to semi‐aquatic “generalists” during the evolution of Spinosauridae did not require substantial modification of the brain and sensory systems.
A common thread linking the design of guarantee and nonescalating payments of public annuities
Authors: Lau Sau‐Him Paul , Zhang Qilin
Published: February 2023

Motivated by recent experiences in economies adopting the defined‐contribution pension system, we study public annuities in the presence of survival probability heterogeneity. It is found that the difference of annuitization‐weighted and unweighted averages of survival probabilities is a useful measure of the severity of adverse selection. We then examine public annuities with a guarantee feature which bundles annuity income and bequeathable wealth components. We show that when the heterogeneity in survival probability is limited, the magnitude of guarantee proportion is irrelevant. On the other hand, an increase in the guarantee proportion mitigates adverse selection when the extent of heterogeneity is sufficiently large, because the share of annuity purchase by retirees with lower (resp., higher) survival probabilities is increased (resp., decreased). We also obtain a similar set of results for public annuities with nonescalating payments. The results have useful implications regarding the design of public annuities.
Style in a school community—“Ne” deletion in French preschool
Authors: Buson Laurence , Nardy Aurélie , Rousset Isabelle , Zhang Chenxi
Published: February 2023

This article explores the question of style in a school community, through negation use among the adults and children in a French preschool. Thirteen adults and 61 pupils aged 3–6 years were followed over a period of 2.5 years. The findings draw on a corpus of oral data collected in an unsupervised manner and comprising almost 640,000 transcribed words (428,100 for the children and 210,241 for the adults). The findings show, on the one hand, that the teachers adapt stylistically to their interlocutors and that their professional stance leads to more formal speech and, on the other hand, that the children's use of bipartite negation is marginal before the age of 6 years and does not present notable stylistic variations.
Clinicopathological features of peripheral odontogenic fibromas in dogs and risk factors for their laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Ambridge J. T. , Ambridge E. M. , Jahns H. , McKay J. S. , Riccardi E. , Kelly P. A.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To explore clinicopathological features of peripheral odontogenic fibromas in dogs and risk factors for their diagnosis.

Materials and Methods

Data of cases with a histopathological diagnosis of peripheral odontogenic fibromas were obtained from a UK‐based diagnostic laboratory and retrospectively reviewed. Prevalence amongst all biopsy submissions was assessed using binomial tests and Clopper–Pearson intervals. Age at diagnosis was assessed using t‐test for independent samples. Lesion location, sex, and neuter status were assessed using χ2 and post hoc binomial tests. Breed odds ratios were calculated using univariable logistic regression modelling.

Results

The prevalence of peripheral odontogenic fibromas amongst all biopsy submissions was 2.8% (1001 of 35,328, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7 to 3.0). The mean (sd) age was 8.1 (±2.7) years. The most affected quadrant was the rostral maxilla (40.1%). The ratio of maxillary to mandibular lesions was 1.3:1 (95% CI: 1.1 to 1.5), and for cases of multiple peripheral odontogenic fibromas the ratio of maxillary to mandibular lesions was 2.4:1 (95% CI: 1.1 to 5.6). Males had 1.2 times the odds of suffering of peripheral odontogenic fibromas compared to females (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.4). Neutering was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.9). Breeds with increased odds of peripheral odontogenic fibromas compared to crossbreed dogs included boxers (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.80 to 5.09), border terriers (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.10 to 4.91) and Basset Hounds (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.58 to 6.44). Breeds with increased odds of multiple simultaneous peripheral odontogenic fibromas compared to crossbreed dogs included: Boxers (OR: 12.02, 95% CI: 7.13 to 20.24), border terriers (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.32 to 11.43) and Staffordshire Bull terriers (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.33 to 4.41).

Clinical Significance

Knowledge of clinicopathological features and at‐risk breeds for peripheral odontogenic fibroma development can assist clinicians with making a diagnosis. The identification of risk factors provides targets for future research investigating peripheral odontogenic fibroma pathogenesis.
Undocumented consciousness: Citizenship and illegality in the lives of US citizen youth
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriela
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the impact of immigration law on US citizens' understanding of legal status categories. Prior research on legal consciousness has uncovered the ways in which undocumented persons make sense of and navigate their legal position in society. Less is known, however, about the paradox of US citizen children who are legally protected by their citizenship yet grow up in the context of their parents' precarious immigration statuses. Drawing on interviews with US citizen youth and undocumented parents, I conceptualize the phenomenon of undocumented consciousness to explain how US citizens make sense of parental legal status vulnerability. By witnessing their parents' blocked opportunities from work, travel, and other aspects of life, youth begin to attach meaning to citizenship and its protections, all the while forming an understanding of what it means, practically, to live in the United States with and without legal status. Findings reveal the mechanisms by which it is possible for functions of immigration law to have adverse impacts on the lives of US citizens themselves.
Lactarius bhaderwahensis: a new species of Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus (Russulaceae) from coniferous forests of Northwestern Himalayas, India
Authors: Verma Komal , Kumar Anil , Uniyal Priyanka , Mehmood Tahir , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: February 2023

Lactarius bhaderwahensis sp. nov. is here described as a new species from coniferous forests of Jammu. Morphological and molecular (nrITS) sequence data placed the new species within Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus. It is characterized by its basidiocarps with brown to cinnamon‐brown to greyish brown pileus, abundant white latex that turns light orange to greyish orange, globose to subglobose basidiospores with winged ornamentations having ridges forming a broken reticulum, trichopalisade pileipellis and occurrence under Abies pindrow. A detailed macro‐ and micro‐morphological description along with anatomical photographs, line drawings, phylogenetic analysis and comparisons with similar species are provided.
Experimental translocation for restoration of an ecosystem engineer
Authors: Pynne J. T. , Conner L. Mike , Castleberry Steven B. , Parsons Elizabeth I. , Gitzen Robert A. , Duncan Sarah I. , Austin James D. , McCleery Robert A.
Published: February 2023

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savanna ecosystem in North America has declined by 97% from its historic range and its restoration is a conservation priority. The southeastern pocket gopher (Geomys pinetis), an ecosystem engineer in longleaf pine savannas, is absent from most of its historic range. Translocation of pocket gophers may be needed to reestablish ecosystem services of restored longleaf savannas. To determine translocation feasibility, we quantified survival, site fidelity, and homing of pocket gophers translocated using soft releases (with a starter burrow system; n = 13), hard releases (without a starter burrow system; n = 17), or released into their own burrows (control; n = 10). Naïve survival was 46 and 35% for soft‐ and hard‐released individuals, respectively, and 80% for controls. Most mortalities of translocated individuals (75.0%) occurred within 12 days. Including all radiotagged pocket gophers, daily survival of soft‐released animals ( = 0.990) was intermediate between hard‐released ( = 0.986) and controls ( = 0.993), and only hard‐released was lower than controls. Using only individuals that survived greater than 14 days, we found no difference in daily survival. Site fidelity was low, with 70% of translocated pocket gophers making aboveground movements away from release point. However, soft‐released individuals stayed at the release point three times longer than hard‐released animals. No pocket gopher exhibited homing. Our results suggest translocation has potential for establishing pocket gopher populations into restored longleaf pine savannas and that mitigating mortality during establishment will increase the likelihood of success.