bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lowest Common Denominator
Authors: Evans Raymond
Published: August 2016

Most Australian school children, whether public or private, primary or secondary, had been finely tuned for warfare long before the Great War of 1914–18 had actually begun. School papers and reading books, history, geography and civics lessons, the personal persuasiveness of teachers trained to accept unequivocally “the power for good in teaching patriotism” to captive and captivated young audiences, the “rhythmic harmony” of loyalist singing, marching and versifying, the Imperial pageantry of Empire Day and the militaristic inculcations of highly disciplinary cadet training schemes all combined, in the closed educational environment of the schools, to produce young Australians well primed for unquestioning obedience to the State and martial sacrifice to the Empire. Children at a Sydney primary school were ordered to chant, in 1907, “I give my mind to my country to think for it; I give my heart because I love it; I give my hands to my country to work for it”; — “[and] to fight for it”, all the boy pupils were then expected to intone. Such orchestrated love of country was subordinated, in tum, to love of Britain's Empire — “our peace-bearing, peerless, guardian Empire” as one educator described it - which was presented as not only the largest but the worthiest empire in world history. The “cement of Empire”, it was said, contained such essential ingredients as social conformity, duty and sacrifice, which non-Catholic private schools and state schools applied with a heavily-laden trowel to impressionable young minds both preceding and during World War One.
'It's Just Not Fair!'
Authors: Entsch Warren
Published: August 2016

Yes, some may ask why a fiercely heterosexual, crocodile-hunting, Harley Davidson-riding Liberal MP from Far North Queensland would fight for gay rights. The answer is quite simple. Discrimination is just not fair.
Queensland's Criminal Justice System and Homosexuality, 1860–1954
Authors: Moore Clive , Jamison Bryan
Published: August 2016

Contemporary Queensland has a flourishing GLBTIQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer) scene which, although still suffering from discrimination in a society that is premised around a heterosexual norm, is a far cry from the years before 1990 when male homosexuality was a criminal offence. The queer generation has largely moved beyond binaries in gender and sexuality, and at dance parties there is a blending of cultures that knows few of the old boundaries. These new freedoms to express sexuality mean that relationships develop more easily with less fear of opprobrium. Classified advertisements in newspapers and on the internet, sex-on-premises venues and cybersex are all available to facilitate physical desires and as ways of meeting a possible future partner. Yet if one were to survey young gay men today, how many would know that between 1900 and 1990 a sodomy conviction could carry a prison sentence of up to 14 years with hard labour? Or that engaging in ‘gross indecency’ in public or private (usually oral sex or masturbation) could receive three years with hard labour? How many would know that the death penalty for sodomy was removed in 1865 or that between that year and 1899 the sentence for anal intercourse was 10 years to life imprisonment?
Campaign Against Moral Persecution (CAMP)
Authors: McBride Cynthia , Abbs Jude
Published: August 2016

My first contact with any organised gay and lesbian groups was with LINKS, the forerunner of the CAMP club. In 1968–69 we used to have social functions at private homes and once a year venture to the Queen's Birthday Ball. Lots of gay men were being targeted either by police provocateurs or by out and out ‘poofta bashers’ and very little effort appeared to be made to bring things before the courts. Feelings were also aroused by events interstate and overseas and people began to start organising to fight for legal recognition. Hence the Campaign Against Moral Persecution — CAMP — was born.
Tamara Tonite
Authors: Smaal Yorick
Published: August 2016

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a locally produced program on community television took the GLBTIQ community by storm. Running for seven years on channel Briz31, Tamara Tonite appeared in, and produced, 365 episodes, interviewing many locally based and national personalities. The success of the show has not been matched by any other privately produced show on community television in Australia. Tamara initially took on the show to promote her own ‘dial a drag queen’ business, but Tamara Tonite took on a form of its own towards the end of 1997. While the show drew a few detractors — with some charismatic church leaders calling her an ‘evil cross-dressing transvestite’ using airwaves to spread her wicked message — Tamara remembers being absolutely floored when she threw the show open to a studio audience one night. Over 60 people turned up, and some had to huddle around TV cameras due to a lack of space.
'The Saving Grace of Social Culture'
Authors: Neuenfeldt Karl , Mullins Steve
Published: August 2016

This article explores the dissemination of globalised popular culture forms into the “white culture” of colonial Thursday Island (henceforth TI), the administrative centre of Torres Strait in northern Queensland. The analysis draws on a variety of media sources from approximately 1881 to 1906. It is grounded in an historical understanding of Torres Strait as a place of cultural convergence and also a society affected profoundly by the transnational flows and connections of popular culture forms, such as music, used in part to popularise British Imperialism (MacKenzie, 1992). Both “high” and “low” culture are examined to illustrate how British and North American cultural values and institutions helped create hybrid forms which contained aspects of the two main lineages of Australian popular culture, as explored by Whiteoak (2001; 1999; 1993), Waterhouse (1995), Johnson (1987), and Bisset (1979). Our goal in this article, and other on-going research, is to appreciate TI as the hub of this process for Torres Strait.
MONETARY POLICY, FACTOR SUBSTITUTION, AND CONVERGENCE
Authors: Klump Rainer , Jurkat Anne
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we examine the influence of monetary policy on the speed of convergence in a standard monetary growth model à la Sidrauski allowing for differences in the elasticity of substitution between factors of production. The respective changes in the rate of convergence and its sensitivities to the central model parameters are derived both analytically and numerically. By normalizing the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production functions both outside the steady state and within the steady state, it is possible to distinguish between an efficiency and a distribution effect of a change in the elasticity of substitution. We show that monetary policy is the more effective, the lower is the elasticity of substitution, and that the impact of monetary policy on the speed of convergence is mainly channeled via the efficiency effect.
Characterizing Superwarm Periods in Earth's History
Authors: Lunt Daniel
Published: August 2016

DeepMIP Kickoff Meeting; Boulder, Colorado, 14–15 January 2016
Tracking Ions at the Edge of the Atmosphere
Authors: Crane Leah
Published: August 2016

The first results from a recently launched satellite hold promise for studying solar storms, the very top of Earth's ionosphere, and how the atmosphere is evolving.
Science Groups Voice Concern for Academics in Turkey
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: August 2016

International science and education organizations respond to reports of forced resignations of university deans and mass firings of teachers following last month's failed coup attempt.
Total synthesis of teixobactin
Authors: Jin Kang , Sam Iek Hou , Po Kathy Hiu Laam , Lin Du’an , Ghazvini Zadeh Ebrahim H. , Chen Sheng , Yuan Yu , Li Xuechen
Published: August 2016

To cope with the global bacterial multidrug resistance, scientific communities have devoted significant efforts to develop novel antibiotics, particularly those with new modes of actions. Teixobactin, recently isolated from uncultured bacteria, is considered as a promising first-in-class drug candidate for clinical development. Herein, we report its total synthesis by a highly convergent Ser ligation approach and this strategy allows us to prepare several analogues of the natural product.
Quantum electromechanics on silicon nitride nanomembranes
Authors: Fink J. M. , Kalaee M. , Pitanti A. , Norte R. , Heinzle L. , Davanço M. , Srinivasan K. , Painter O.
Published: August 2016

Radiation pressure has recently been used to effectively couple the quantum motion of mechanical elements to the fields of optical or microwave light. Integration of all three degrees of freedom—mechanical, optical and microwave—would enable a quantum interconnect between microwave and optical quantum systems. We present a platform based on silicon nitride nanomembranes for integrating superconducting microwave circuits with planar acoustic and optical devices such as phononic and photonic crystals. Using planar capacitors with vacuum gaps of 60 nm and spiral inductor coils of micron pitch we realize microwave resonant circuits with large electromechanical coupling to planar acoustic structures of nanoscale dimensions and femtoFarad motional capacitance. Using this enhanced coupling, we demonstrate microwave backaction cooling of the 4.48 MHz mechanical resonance of a nanobeam to an occupancy as low as 0.32. These results indicate the viability of silicon nitride nanomembranes as an all-in-one substrate for quantum electro-opto-mechanical experiments.
Clinical detection of deletion structural variants in whole-genome sequences
Authors: Noll Aaron C , Miller Neil A , Smith Laurie D , Yoo Byunggil , Fiedler Stephanie , Cooley Linda D , Willig Laurel K , Petrikin Josh E , Cakici Julie , Lesko John , Newton Angela , Detherage Kali , Thiffault Isabelle , Saunders Carol J , Farrow Emily G , Kingsmore Stephen F
Published: August 2016

Optimal management of acutely ill infants with monogenetic diseases requires rapid identification of causative haplotypes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been shown to identify pathogenic nucleotide variants in such infants. Deletion structural variants (DSVs, >50 nt) are implicated in many genetic diseases, and tools have been designed to identify DSVs using short-read WGS. Optimisation and integration of these tools into a WGS pipeline could improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of WGS. In addition, it may improve turnaround time when compared with current CNV assays, enhancing utility in acute settings. Here we describe DSV detection methods for use in WGS for rapid diagnosis in acutely ill infants: SKALD (Screening Konsensus and Annotation of Large Deletions) combines calls from two tools (Breakdancer and GenomeStrip) with calibrated filters and clinical interpretation rules. In four WGS runs, the average analytic precision (positive predictive value) of SKALD was 78%, and recall (sensitivity) was 27%, when compared with validated reference DSV calls. When retrospectively applied to a cohort of 36 families with acutely ill infants SKALD identified causative DSVs in two. The first was heterozygous deletion of exons 1–3 ofMMP21 in transwith a heterozygous frame-shift deletion in two siblings with transposition of the great arteries and heterotaxy. In a newborn female with dysmorphic features, ventricular septal defect and persistent pulmonary hypertension, SKALD identified the breakpoints of a heterozygous,de novo1p36.32p36.13 deletion. In summary, consensus DSV calling, implemented in an 8-h computational pipeline with parameterised filtering, has the potential to increase the diagnostic yield of WGS in acutely ill neonates and discover novel disease genes.
A neural substrate for object permanence in monkey inferotemporal cortex
Authors: Puneeth N. C. , Arun S. P.
Published: August 2016

We take it for granted that objects continue to exist after being occluded. This knowledge – known as object permanence – is present even in childhood, but its neural basis is not fully understood. Here, we show that monkey inferior temporal (IT) neurons carry potential signals of object permanence even in animals that received no explicit behavioral training. We compared two conditions with identical visual stimulation: the same object emerged from behind an occluder as expected following its occlusion, or unexpectedly after occlusion of a different object. Some neurons produced a larger (surprise) signal when the object emerged unexpectedly, whereas other neurons produced a larger (match) signal when the object reappeared as expected. Neurons carrying match signals also reinstated selective delay period activity just before the object emerged. Thus, signals related to object permanence are present in IT neurons and may arise through an interplay of memory and match computations.
Preferential Nucleation during Polymorphic Transformations
Authors: Sharma H. , Sietsma J. , Offerman S. E.
Published: August 2016

Polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one phase or crystal structure. Polymorphism may occur in metals, alloys, ceramics, minerals, polymers, and pharmaceutical substances. Unresolved are the conditions for preferential nucleation during polymorphic transformations in which structural relationships or special crystallographic orientation relationships (OR’s) form between the nucleus and surrounding matrix grains. We measured in-situ and simultaneously the nucleation rates of grains that have zero, one, two, three and four special OR’s with the surrounding parent grains. These experiments show a trend in which the activation energy for nucleation becomes smaller – and therefore nucleation more probable - with increasing number of special OR’s. These insights contribute to steering the processing of polymorphic materials with tailored properties, since preferential nucleation affects which crystal structure forms, the average grain size and texture of the material, and thereby - to a large extent - the final properties of the material.
Fusion to a homo-oligomeric scaffold allows cryo-EM analysis of a small protein
Authors: Coscia Francesca , Estrozi Leandro F. , Hans Fabienne , Malet Hélène , Noirclerc-Savoye Marjolaine , Schoehn Guy , Petosa Carlo
Published: August 2016

Recent technical advances have revolutionized the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, most monomeric proteins remain too small (<100 kDa) for cryo-EM analysis. To overcome this limitation, we explored a strategy whereby a monomeric target protein is genetically fused to a homo-oligomeric scaffold protein and the junction optimized to allow the target to adopt the scaffold symmetry, thereby generating a chimeric particle suitable for cryo-EM. To demonstrate the concept, we fused maltose-binding protein (MBP), a 40 kDa monomer, to glutamine synthetase, a dodecamer formed by two hexameric rings. Chimeric constructs with different junction lengths were screened by biophysical analysis and negative-stain EM. The optimal construct yielded a cryo-EM reconstruction that revealed the MBP structure at sub-nanometre resolution. These findings illustrate the feasibility of using homo-oligomeric scaffolds to enable cryo-EM analysis of monomeric proteins, paving the way for applying this strategy to challenging structures resistant to crystallographic and NMR analysis.
Association between bilirubin and risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease based on a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tian Jianbo , Zhong Rong , Liu Cheng , Tang Yuhan , Gong Jing , Chang Jiang , Lou Jiao , Ke Juntao , Li Jiaoyuan , Zhang Yi , Yang Yang , Zhu Ying , Gong Yajie , Xu Yanyan , Liu Peiyi , Yu Xiao , Xiao Lin , Du Min , Yang Ling , Yuan Jing , Wang Youjie , Chen Weihong , Wei Sheng , Liang Yuan , Zhang Xiaomin , He Meian , Wu Tangchun , Yao Ping , Miao Xiaoping
Published: August 2016

The study aimed to assess the association between total, direct and indirect bilirubin and nonalcoholic fatty live disease (NAFLD) risk given its high prevalence and serious clinical prognosis. Among 27,009 subjects who participated in a healthy screening program from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study in 2008, 8189 eligible subjects (aged 35–86 years; males, 43.95%) were ultimately enrolled. The incidence rates of NAFLD in 2013 were compared with respect to baseline bilirubin levels among subjects free of NAFLD and the effect sizes were estimated by logistic regression analysis. During 5 years follow-up, we observed 1956 cases of newly developed NAFLD with the overall incidence of 23.88%. Direct bilirubin was presented to inversely associate with NAFLD risk. Compared with quartile 1 of direct bilirubin, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for NAFLD of quartile 2 to 4 were 1.104 (0.867–1.187), 0.843 (0.719–0.989) and 0.768 (0.652–0.905), respectively, P for trend 0.002). Similarly, inverse effects of direct bilirubin on NAFLD incidence were also observed when stratified by sex and BMI. However, no significant associations were found between total and indirect bilirubin and NAFLD risk. Direct bilirubin reduced NAFLD risk independent of possible confounders among middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, probably based on the endogenous antioxidation of bilirubin.
Passage of TBP–uranyl complexes from aqueous–organic interface to the organic phase: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Sahu Pooja , Ali Sk. Musharaf , Shenoy Kalasanka Trivikram
Published: August 2016

Water/organic interface representing TBP orientation for neutral versus acidic interface and occurrence of UO22+–TBP–NO3− species in various stoichiometry.
Dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid over lanthanum phosphate catalysts: the role of Lewis acid sites
Authors: Guo Zhen , Theng De Sheng , Tang Karen Yuanting , Zhang Lili , Huang Lin , Borgna Armando , Wang Chuan
Published: August 2016

Lewis acidic sites on the surface of lanthanum phosphate nano-rods play a crucial role on the catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid.
Manipulation and assembly behavior of Spirulina-templated microcoils in the electric field
Authors: Li Xinghao , Cai Jun , Sun Lili , Yue Yue , Zhang Deyuan
Published: August 2016

Manipulation and assembly of complicated metallic Spirulina-templated microcoils can be achieved through alternating electric fields.
Effect of annealing on carrier transport properties of GaN-incorporated silicon
Authors: Rajamani Saravanan , Korolev Dmitry , Belov Alexey , Surodin Sergey , Nikolitchev Dmitry , Okulich Evgenia , Mikhaylov Alexey , Tetelbaum David , Kumar Mahesh
Published: August 2016

GaN nanocrystals were formed in a silicon matrix by sequential implantation of Ga+ and N2+ ions followed by either Furnace Annealing (FA) or Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA).
The impact of structural variation in simple lanthanide binding peptides
Authors: Veliscek-Carolan Jessica , Hanley Tracey L. , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: August 2016

A series of di-, tri- and tetra-peptides were synthesised usingl- andd-glutamic acid in order to determine the effects of peptide length and stereochemistry on lanthanide binding affinity.
Molecular and supramolecular chemistry of rosette nanotubes
Authors: Beingessner Rachel L. , Fan Yiwen , Fenniri Hicham
Published: August 2016

Synthetic strategies used to tune the properties of a class of supramolecular 1D nanostructures, the rosette nanotubes, are reviewed herein.
Porphyrin–poly(arylene ether sulfone) covalently functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis and enhanced broadband nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Du Yinlong , Dong Ningning , Zhang Menghan , Zhang Yunhe , Luan Jiashuang , Lu Yaning , Zhang Shuling , Sun Ningwei , Wang Jun , Wang Guibin
Published: August 2016

A porphyrin polymer functionalized MWNT hybrid was synthesized with enhanced NLO performance due to the synergistic effect of different mechanism and photo-induced ET/PET process.
Nanorings with copper(ii) and zinc(ii) centers: forcing copper porphyrins to bind axial ligands in heterometallated oligomers
Authors: Cremers Jonathan , Richert Sabine , Kondratuk Dmitry V. , Claridge Tim D. W. , Timmel Christiane R. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: August 2016

The stability of copper/zinc heterometallated porphyrin complex oligomers provides information on the strength of the copper porphyrin pyridine interaction. Heterometallated nanorings were prepared by template-directed synthesis.
Recent progress in gellan gum hydrogels provided by functionalization strategies
Authors: Bacelar Ana H. , Silva-Correia Joana , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Reis Rui L.
Published: August 2016

Gellan gum and its functionalized derivatives present a wide range of applications that open up new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Health Science Student's Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice (IPECP) Online Writing Experiences
Authors: Bamdas Jo Ann M.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine if there was any evidence of problems with university health science students' writing outcomes while part of a team within an interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) program. Small student teams wrote together on Blackboard wikis, reflecting on team performance and healthy aging while working with a volunteer senior. Students' written responses were obtained from three team visits with the senior. A content analysis of the students' responses for basic foundational writing skills was conducted. Results indicated that many student responses did not demonstrate basic writing skills, nor was there much evidence to suggest that students could demonstrate significant learning about themselves and healthy aging, and working with team members. Based on these findings, the IPECP leadership team concluded that there was a need to implement best practices such as holding staff and faculty responsible for higher expectations of student performance, giving better instructions, and including feedback for all health science students.
Optimising energy efficiency of non‐orthogonal multiple access for wireless backhaul in heterogeneous cloud radio access network
Authors: Vien Quoc‐Tuan , Le Tuan Anh , Barn Balbir , Phan Ca V.
Published: August 2016

The downlink problem of a cloud‐based central station (CCS) to multiple base stations (BSs) in a heterogeneous cloud radio access network (HCRAN) sharing the same time and frequency resources is studied. The authors adopt nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and propose power allocation for the wireless downlink in the HCRAN. Taking into account practical channel modelling with power consumptions at BSs of different cell types (e.g. macrocell, micro‐cell etc.) and backhauling power, they analyse the energy efficiency (EE) of the practical HCRAN utilising NOMA. Simulation results indicate that the proposed NOMA for the HCRAN outperforms the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheme in terms of providing higher EE of up to four times. Interestingly, the results reveal a fact that the EE of the NOMA varies as a quasi‐concave function. An optimisation problem is accordingly introduced to find the optimal number of BSs that maximises the EE of the HCRAN. It is shown that, with a low power supply at the CCS, a double number of micro BSs can be served providing an improved EE of up to 1.6 times compared with the macro BSs and remote radio heads, while they achieve the same EE performance with high‐power CCS.
Promoting femtocell cooperation through incentive for improving data rate of indoor users in underlay heterogeneous network
Authors: Karar Sandip , Ghosh Suman , Das Barman Abhirup
Published: August 2016

This study proposes an incentive‐based femtocell cooperation scheme for indoor macrocell users (MUs) in an underlay two‐tier heterogeneous network which helps the indoor MUs to achieve higher data rate through time sharing access from the femtocell. Due to underlay spectrum sharing nature of the femtocell, the network suffers from severe cross‐tier interference. To manage this cross‐tier interference, a price‐based power control scheme is also proposed for the femtocell access point (FAP) whereby the macrocell base station (MBS) controls the transmit power of the FAP by pricing their resulted cross‐tier interference power level subject to a maximum tolerable interference limit. A Stackelberg game has been formulated and analysed for joint pricing‐based power control and incentive‐based cooperation game. Numerical results show the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of achievable rate of indoor users and utilities of both the MBS and the FAP for different locations of the femtocells.
Wisag: Dienstleistungen, die Kliniken wirklich wollen
Authors: König Romy
Published: August 2016

Vor einem Jahr kündigte Wisag an, stärker auf Krankenhäuser abzuzielen: Mit speziellen Paketen wollte sich der FM-Anbieter im Gesundheitsmarkt behaupten. Mittlerweile ist Ernüchterung eingetreten – aber der Dienstleister gibt nicht auf. Er setzt jetzt auf seine Kernkompetenz: die Gebäudetechnik.
Augen auf bei B2B
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: August 2016

Nach dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Antikorruptionsgesetzes im Gesundheitswesen gehören fragwürdige Vertriebskonzepte auf den Prüfstand.
BuFaTa 2016: Voll Vernetzt
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: August 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der IEC 80001-1 spielen neben den Medizintechnik- und den IT-Abteilungen in den Krankenhäusern die Hersteller eine entscheidende Rolle. Ihre Bereitschaft, alle für eine sichere Netzanbindung und den risikoarmen Umgang mit ihren Geräten benötigten Informationen herauszurücken, ist vor dem Zustandekommen von Kaufverträgen am größten.
Pot size matters revisited: does container size affect the response to elevated CO2 and our ability to detect genotypic variability in this response in wheat?
Authors: Bourgault Maryse , James Andrew T. , Dreccer M. Fernanda
Published: August 2016

Many studies have investigated the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) in wheat, although few have evaluated the potential of genotypic variability in the response. Such studies are the next logical step in wheat climate change adaptation research, and they will require the evaluation of large numbers of genotypes. For practical reasons the preliminary studies are most likely to be conducted in controlled environments. There have been concerns that the root restriction related to container-grown plants can influence (1) the response to eCO2, (2) the detection of genotypic variability for various traits of interest, and (3) the ability to find the genotypes most responsive to eCO2. In the present study we evaluated two sizes of container – 1.4 L pots and 7.5 L columns – side-by side in a glasshouse environment and found that for 14 of 23 traits observed environment effects (ambient CO2, eCO2 or eCO2 and high temperature) were not consistent between plants grown in pots and in columns. More importantly, of the 21 traits showing genotypic variability, only 8 showed consistent genotype differences and rankings across both container types. Statistical analyses conducted separately for plants grown in pots or in columns showed different cultivars as being the most responsive to elevated CO2 and would thus, have led to different conclusions. This study is intended as a message of caution to controlled environment experimenters: using small containers can artificially create conditions that could either hide or overly express genotypic variability in some traits in response to eCO2 compared with what might be expected in larger containers.
Environmental factors influencing the distribution and abundance of the introduced signal crayfish in the north of Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Vedia I. , Galicia D. , Baquero E. , Oscoz J. , Miranda R.
Published: August 2016

The identification of habitat requirements of invasive species is essential to evaluate their spread and to assess the vulnerability of recipient ecosystems. We studied the distribution and abundance of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in 43 sites in northern Spain and analysed the relationships with several abiotic and biotic parameters of the aquatic ecosystems. Our results indicated that the abundance of signal crayfish was positively associated with vegetation cover and negatively associated with boulders. Also, its abundance was positively correlated with water temperature, organic matter, cations (e.g. sodium), anions (e.g. sulfates) and abundance of some native fish species (Parachondrostoma miegii and Luciobarbus graellsii). We concluded that the habitat of signal crayfish is among salmonid stretches (headwaters) with cold waters and low proportion of organic debris, and among cyprinid stretches (low waters) with warmer waters which it inhabits with another invasive crayfish, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Our analysis indicated that the presence of signal crayfish is limited in the uppermost stretches by lower water temperatures and a lower proportion of organic debris. The existence of a natural environmental limiting factor in upstream reaches facilitates the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and native fauna.
Effects of plant defenses and water availability on seasonal foraging preferences of the Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana)
Authors: Kiekebusch Elsita M. , Kotler Burt P.
Published: August 2016

The study of herbivore patch use has implications for herbivore habitat quality assessment, foraging behaviors, species interactions, and coexistence in patchy environments. This research focuses on the comparison of the effects of two qualitatively different plant defenses, mechanical (thorns) and chemical (tannins), on ibex foraging preferences during different seasons of the year. The occurrence of both chemical and mechanical plant defenses were experimentally manipulated in artificial resource patches, in addition to water availability. Ibex foraging preferences were quantified using giving-up densities during four separate fieldwork sessions in each of the seasons of the year at cliff sites overlooking the Zin Valley of the Negev Highlands. Both mechanical and chemical plant defenses significantly hindered ibex food intake overall. Mechanical and chemical defenses acted as substitutable defenses, meaning that their combined effects were not greater than additive. There were strong seasonal patterns of the amount of food consumed by ibex, further corroborated by comparison to rainfall levels. Seasonality also interacted with the effectiveness of plant defenses. Thorns were especially ineffective in summer, whereas tannins were most effective in spring. Decreases in seasonal food availability and increased marginal value of energy for ibex may have resulted in thorn ineffectiveness, while seasonal changes in the emergence of young foliage may have resulted in the greater springtime tannin effectiveness. Water was not found to mitigate the detrimental effects of tannins through dilution. The implications for decreased constraints on selective pressures on ibex due to the substitutability of plant defenses are discussed.
Effect of gear ratio on peak power and time to peak power in BMX cyclists
Authors: Rylands Lee P. , Roberts Simon J. , Hurst Howard T.
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to ascertain if gear ratio selection would have an effect on peak power and time to peak power production in elite Bicycle Motocross (BMX) cyclists. Eight male elite BMX riders volunteered for the study. Each rider performed three, 10‐s maximal sprints on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track. The riders’ bicycles were fitted with a portable SRM power meter. Each rider performed the three sprints using gear ratios of 41/16, 43/16 and 45/16 tooth. The results from the 41/16 and 45/16 gear ratios were compared to the current standard 43/16 gear ratio. Statistically, significant differences were found between the gear ratios for peak power (F(2,14) = 6.448; p = .010) and peak torque (F(2,14) = 4.777; p = .026), but no significant difference was found for time to peak power (F(2,14) = 0.200; p = .821). When comparing gear ratios, the results showed a 45/16 gear ratio elicited the highest peak power,1658 ± 221 W, compared to 1436 ± 129 W and 1380 ± 56 W, for the 43/16 and 41/16 ratios, respectively. The time to peak power showed a 41/16 tooth gear ratio attained peak power in −0.01 s and a 45/16 in 0.22 s compared to the 43/16. The findings of this study suggest that gear ratio choice has a significant effect on peak power production, though time to peak power output is not significantly affected. Therefore, selecting a higher gear ratio results in riders attaining higher power outputs without reducing their start time.
NRGC: a novel referential genome compression algorithm
Authors: Saha Subrata , Rajasekaran Sanguthevar
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Next-generation sequencing techniques produce millions to billions of short reads. The procedure is not only very cost effective but also can be done in laboratory environment. The state-of-the-art sequence assemblers then construct the whole genomic sequence from these reads. Current cutting edge computing technology makes it possible to build genomic sequences from the billions of reads within a minimal cost and time. As a consequence, we see an explosion of biological sequences in recent times. In turn, the cost of storing the sequences in physical memory or transmitting them over the internet is becoming a major bottleneck for research and future medical applications. Data compression techniques are one of the most important remedies in this context. We are in need of suitable data compression algorithms that can exploit the inherent structure of biological sequences. Although standard data compression algorithms are prevalent, they are not suitable to compress biological sequencing data effectively. In this article, we propose a novel referential genome compression algorithm (NRGC) to effectively and efficiently compress the genomic sequences.

Results: We have done rigorous experiments to evaluate NRGC by taking a set of real human genomes. The simulation results show that our algorithm is indeed an effective genome compression algorithm that performs better than the best-known algorithms in most of the cases. Compression and decompression times are also very impressive.

Availability and Implementation: The implementations are freely available for non-commercial purposes. They can be downloaded from: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~rajasek/NRGC.zip

Contact:  rajasek@engr.uconn.edu
Paraphoma Crown Rot of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)
Authors: Moslemi Azin , Ades Peter K. , Groom Tim , Crous Pedro W. , Nicolas Marc E. , Taylor Paul W. J.
Published: August 2016

Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is commercially cultivated for the extraction of natural pyrethrin insecticides from the oil glands inside seed. Yield decline has caused significant yield losses in Tasmania during the last decade. A new pathogen of pyrethrum causing crown rot and reduced growth of the plants in yield decline affected fields of northern Tasmania was isolated from necrotic crown tissue and described as Paraphoma vinacea. Multigene phylogenetic identification of the pathogen also revealed that P. vinacea was a new species different from other Paraphoma type strains. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. vinacea significantly reduced belowground and total biomass of pyrethrum plants 2 months after inoculation. Dull-tan to reddish-brown discoloration of the cortical and subcortical crown tissue was observed in 100% of the infected plants. P. vinacea infected 75% of the plants inoculated with root dip and soil drench inoculation techniques in an inoculation optimization experiment. P. vinacea, the causal agent of Paraphoma crown rot disease, represents an important pathogen that will negatively impact the commercial cultivation of pyrethrum in Tasmania.
John Bryce McLeod. 23 December 1929 — 20 August 2014
Authors: Hastings Stuart
Published: August 2016

J. B. McLeod was a brilliant solver of problems in mathematical analysis, primarily differential equations. He received his FRS in 1992, and the citation reads in part: ‘Distinguished for many significant contributions to applied analysis, particularly to the theory of partial differential equations with applications to practical problems. … By the exemplary precision and power of his publications and his lectures, he has become internationally recognized as the leading British authority on the useful applications of functional analysis.‘ In addition, in 2011 McLeod was awarded the Naylor Prize and Lectureship of the London Mathematical Society ‘in recognition of his important and versatile achievements in the analysis of nonlinear equations arising in applications to mechanics, physics, and biology.’ He collaborated widely, and was a resource for many applied mathematicians who wanted to have a more rigorous foundation for their work. He leaves a hole that will be hard to fill.
Domestication and tameness: brain gene expression in red junglefowl selected for less fear of humans suggests effects on reproduction and immunology
Authors: Bélteky Johan , Agnvall Beatrix , Johnsson Martin , Wright Dominic , Jensen Per
Published: August 2016

The domestication of animals has generated a set of phenotypic modifications, affecting behaviour, appearance, physiology and reproduction, which are consistent across a range of species. We hypothesized that some of these phenotypes could have evolved because of genetic correlation to tameness, an essential trait for successful domestication. Starting from an outbred population of red junglefowl, ancestor of all domestic chickens, we selected birds for either high or low fear of humans for five generations. Birds from the fifth selected generation (S
5
) showed a divergent pattern of growth and reproduction, where low fear chickens grew larger and produced larger offspring. To examine underlying genetic mechanisms, we used microarrays to study gene expression in thalamus/hypothalamus, a brain region involved in fear and stress, in both the parental generation and the S
5
. While parents of the selection lines did not show any differentially expressed genes, there were a total of 33 genes with adjusted
p
-values below 0.1 in S
5
. These were mainly related to sperm-function, immunological functions, with only a few known to be relevant to behaviour. Hence, five generations of divergent selection for fear of humans produced changes in hypothalamic gene expression profiles related to pathways associated with male reproduction and to immunology. This may be linked to the effects seen on growth and size of offspring. These results support the hypothesis that domesticated phenotypes may evolve because of correlated effects related to reduced fear of humans.
The evolutionary ecology of molecular replicators
Authors: Nee Sean
Published: August 2016

By reasonable criteria, life on the Earth consists mainly of molecular replicators. These include viruses, transposons, transpovirons, coviruses and many more, with continuous new discoveries like Sputnik Virophage. Their study is inherently multidisciplinary, spanning microbiology, genetics, immunology and evolutionary theory, and the current view is that taking a unified approach has great power and promise. We support this with a new, unified, model of their evolutionary ecology, using contemporary evolutionary theory coupling the Price equation with game theory, studying the consequences of the molecular replicators' promiscuous use of each others' gene
products
for their natural history and evolutionary ecology. Even at this simple expository level, we can make a firm prediction of a new class of replicators exploiting viruses such as lentiviruses like SIVs, a family which includes HIV: these have been explicitly stated in the primary literature to be non-existent. Closely connected to this departure is the view that multicellular organism immunology is more about the management of chronic infections rather than the elimination of acute ones and new understandings emerging are changing our view of the kind of theatre we ourselves provide for the evolutionary play of molecular replicators. This study adds molecular replicators to bacteria in the emerging field of sociomicrobiology.
Spatial spread of the West Africa Ebola epidemic
Authors: Kramer Andrew M. , Pulliam J. Tomlin , Alexander Laura W. , Park Andrew W. , Rohani Pejman , Drake John M.
Published: August 2016

Controlling Ebola outbreaks and planning an effective response to future emerging diseases are enhanced by understanding the role of geography in transmission. Here we show how epidemic expansion may be predicted by evaluating the relative probability of alternative
epidemic paths.
We compared multiple candidate models to characterize the spatial network over which the 2013–2015 West Africa epidemic of Ebola virus spread and estimate the effects of geographical covariates on transmission during peak spread. The best model was a generalized gravity model where the probability of transmission between locations depended on distance, population density and international border closures between Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and neighbouring countries. This model out-performed alternative models based on diffusive spread, the force of infection, mobility estimated from cell phone records and other hypothesized patterns of spread. These findings highlight the importance of integrated geography to epidemic expansion and may contribute to identifying both the most vulnerable unaffected areas and locations of maximum intervention value.
Pathogenesis of Korean Sapelovirus
A in piglets and chicks
Authors: Kim Deok-Song , Kang Mun-Il , Son Kyu-Yeol , Bak Geon-Yong , Park Jun-Gyu , Hosmillo Myra , Seo Ja-Young , Kim Ji-Yun , Alfajaro Mia Madel , Soliman Mahmoud , Baek Yeong-Bin , Cho Eun-Hyo , Lee Ju-Hwan , Kwon Joseph , Choi Jong-Soon , Goodfellow Ian , Cho Kyoung-Oh
Published: August 2016

Sapelovirus A (SV-A), formerly known as porcine sapelovirus as a member of a new genus Sapelovirus, is known to cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. We have recently identified α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a functional SV-A receptor rich in the cells of pigs and chickens. However, the role of GD1a in viral pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that a Korean SV-A strain could induce diarrhoea and intestinal pathology in piglets but not in chicks. Moreover, this Korean SV-A strain had mild extra-intestinal tropisms appearing as mild, non-suppurative myelitis, encephalitis and pneumonia in piglets, but not in chicks. By real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR, higher viral RNA levels were detected in faecal samples than in sera or extra-intestinal organs from virus-inoculated piglets. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells of intestines from virus-inoculated piglets but not from chicks. This Korean SV-A strain could bind the cultured cell lines originated from various species, but replication occurred only in cells of porcine origin. These data indicated that this Korean SV-A strain could replicate and induce pathology in piglets but not in chicks, suggesting that additional porcine-specific factors are required for virus entry and replication. In addition, this Korean SV-A strain is enteropathogenic, but could spread to the bloodstream from the gut and disseminate to extra-intestinal organs and tissues. These results will contribute to our understanding of SV-A pathogenesis so that efficient anti-sapelovirus drugs and vaccines could be developed in the future.
ROSE: a deep learning based framework for predicting ribosome stalling
Authors: Zhang Sai , Hu Hailin , Zhou Jingtian , He Xuan , Jiang Tao , Zeng Jianyang
Published: August 2016

We present a deep learning based framework, called ROSE, to accurately predict ribosome stalling events in translation elongation from coding sequences based on high-throughput ribosome profiling data. Our validation results demonstrate the superior performance of ROSE over conventional prediction models. ROSE provides an effective index to estimate the likelihood of translational pausing at codon resolution and understand diverse putative regulatory factors of ribosome stalling. Also, the ribosome stalling landscape computed by ROSE can recover the functional interplay between ribosome stalling and cotranslational events in protein biogenesis, including protein targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP) and protein secondary structure formation.
Transcriptome-wide association study of schizophrenia and chromatin activity yields mechanistic disease insights
Authors: Gusev Alexander , Mancuso Nick , Finucane Hilary K , Reshef Yakir , Song Lingyun , Safi Alexias , Oh Edwin ,   Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, McCarroll Steven , Neale Benjamin , Ophoff Roel , O’Donovan Michael C , Katsanis Nicholas , Crawford Gregory E , Sullivan Patrick F , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Price Alkes L
Published: August 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 risk loci for schizophrenia, but the causal mechanisms remain largely unknown. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrating expression data from brain, blood, and adipose tissues across 3,693 individuals with schizophrenia GWAS of 79,845 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We identified 157 genes with a transcriptome-wide significant association, of which 35 did not overlap a known GWAS locus; the largest number involved alternative splicing in brain. 42/157 genes were also associated to specific chromatin phenotypes measured in 121 independent samples (a 4-fold enrichment over background genes). This high-throughput connection of GWAS findings to specific genes, tissues, and regulatory mechanisms is an essential step toward understanding the biology of schizophrenia and moving towards therapeutic interventions.
Dendrites of DG granule cells contribute to pattern separation by controlling sparsity
Authors: Chavlis Spyridon , Petrantonakis Panagiotis C , Poirazi Panayiota
Published: August 2016

The hippocampus plays a key role in pattern separation, the process of transforming similar incoming information to highly dissimilar, non-overlapping representations. Sparse firing granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) have been proposed to undertake this computation, but little is known about which of their properties influence pattern separation. Dendritic atrophy has been reported in diseases associated with pattern separation deficits, suggesting a possible role for dendrites in this phenomenon. To investigate whether and how the dendrites of GCs contribute to pattern separation, we build a simplified, biologically relevant, computational model of the DG. Our model suggests that the presence of GC dendrites is associated with high pattern separation efficiency while their atrophy leads to increased excitability and performance impairments. These impairments can be rescued by restoring GC sparsity to control levels through various manipulations. We predict that dendrites contribute to pattern separation as a mechanism for controlling sparsity.