bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) Associated EBV Viremia After Liver Transplantation in Children: Experience from Single Center
Authors: Barut Dogan , Karakoyun Miray , Arslan Sema Yildirim , Kunay Bora , Umman Veysel , Dernek Benan , Taşçı Ezgi Kıran , Kayalı Gözde Akkuş , Bal Zumrut , Cetin Funda , Sema Aydogdu
Published: April 2024

Objective: The most prevalent malignancy that complicates both
adult and pediatric solid organ transplantation is post-transplant
lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). This study aimed to analyze the
clinical and pathological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of
EBV viremia and PTLD in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
Method: A retrospective chart review was performed on 112
patients less than 18 years of age who underwent isolated orthotopic
liver transplantation (OLT) between 2010 and 2022 at Ege University
Children’s Hospital. Data gathered for 1-year post-OLT included age at
OLT, EBV, immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG status of the donor and recipient,
indication for OLT, induction regimen, all immunosuppression levels,
date and result of EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing,
rejection episodes documented by liver biopsy, and the development of
PTLD. Result: Forty-nine patients (43.75%) developed EBV
viremia (median interval from surgery: two months, min-max 2-36), of
which 43 (87.8%) grafts came from living donors, and 6 (12.2%) came
from deceased donors. Nine (18.4%) patients died during follow-up, and
eight (16.3%) developed PTLD. Five patients developed EBV-related
disease; one child developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; one
developed aplastic anemia; and one child developed B cell lymphoma. When
PTLD patients and without-PTLD patients were compared, pediatric
intensive care unit hospitalization, abnormal bone marrow biopsy
findings, lymphadenopathy, age at diagnosis of EBV viremia, EBV viral
load, tacrolimus (FK 506) pre-infection, and 1-month levels were higher
in patients with PTLD (p<0.05). In logistic regression
analysis, we showed that the age at diagnosis of EBV viremia was
significantly higher in children with PTLD (p=0.045; OR, 1.389; 95% CI,
1.007-1.914). Discussion PTLD is a rare but severe complication
associated with EBV after OLT. This study demonstrated that PTLD is
associated with older age, higher tacrolimus blood levels before EBV
viremia, at one month of EBV viremia, and higher peak EBV viral load.
Addressing automotive cybersecurity risks with an ARM Morello capability-enhanced prototype
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Nga , Shaikh Siraj Ahmed , Kutsal Emirhan , Stylianou Anna , Potter Rob , Sors Thomas
Published: April 2024

Modern vehicles are equipped with hundreds of ECUs deployed across
vehicle networks. Each ECU runs a variety of safety and cyber-critical
workloads which is facing an increasingly challenging cybersecurity
climate, which is being driven by various factors such as vehicle system
complexity, software complexity, supply chain complexity and an increase
in wireless interfaces. With these challenges, the automotive sector is
a perfect domain for the use of Security-by-Design and secure hardware
technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of
Security-by-Design and the secure hardware Morello, one of the CHERI
implementations, in the design and implementation of Telematic Control
Units (TCU), a crucial component of modern vehicles. This results in a
generic secure TCU design with well-justified security requirements and
an understanding of the risks associated with it. As such, this work
paves the way for the systematic integration of secure hardware for
cyber-physical systems, of which automotive is just one application.
Infliximab exposure, clinical response, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a descriptive study
Authors: Casellas-Gibert Miriam , Colom Helena , Juanola-Roura Francisco Javier , Zamora Ariadna Padullés , Narvaez Javier , Minguet Jordi Bas , Rego Francisco Morandeira , Zamora Núria Padullés
Published: April 2024

Aim: The anti-TNF antibody Infliximab (IFX) has therapeutic efficacy in
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, some patients do not respond. We
aimed to identify factors associated with IFX exposure, of clinical
response, and of the response at immunologic level. Methods: We
performed a prospective observational study of repeated measures in
patients with RA treated with IFX from July 2014 to August 2020 at
Bellvitge University Hospital. For IFX exposure, we measured IFX trough
concentrations (Cmin), and antibodies towards IFX (ATI). For the
clinical response we evaluated the Disease Activity Score-28 for
Rheumatoid Arthritis using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
(DAS28-ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (DAS28-CRP). For the
immunologic response, we determined total serum concentration of TNF,
and IL-6. Finally, we performed a mixed-effects analysis to determine
factors associated with IFX Cmin, clinical response and IL-6 and TNF
concentrations. Results: We collected a total of 120 samples
cor-responding to 22 patients. IFX Cmin were associated with ATI
presence and serum IL-6. DAS28-ESR was associated with sex, ESR, CRP,
and serum IL-6 influenced DAS28-ESR. Finally, IL-6 concentration was
associated with ESR and CRP, and TNF concentration with CRP, IFX Cmin,
and IL-6 concentration. Conclusions: IFX Cmin was highly associated with
the presence of ATI. IFX Cmin significantly contributed to TNF serum
concentrations in patients with undetectable ATI and IL-6 concentration,
which in turn was associated with serum TNF and DAS28-ESR score.
Additional population pharmacockinetic analysis with rich sampling are
warranted to confirm our results.
Exploring Topography Downscaling Methods for Hyper-Resolution Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Chen Sisi , Li Lu , Dai Yongjiu , Wei Zhongwang , Wei Nan , Zhang Yonggen , Zhang Shupeng , Yuan Hua , Shangguan Wei , Zhang Shulei , Li Qingliang
Published: April 2024

Hyper-resolution land surface modeling provides an unprecedented
opportunity to simulate locally relevant water and energy cycles.
However, the available meteorological forcing data is often insufficient
to fulfill the requirement of hyper-resolution modeling. Here, we
developed a comprehensive downscaling framework based on
topography-adjusted methods and automated machine learning (AutoML).
With this framework, a 90 m atmospheric forcing dataset is developed
from ERA5 data at a 0.25° resolution, and the Common Land Model (CoLM)
is then forced with the developed forcing data over two complex terrain
regions (Heihe and Upper Colorado River basins). We systematically
evaluated the downscaled forcing and the CoLM outputs against both
in-situ observations and gridded data. The ground-based validation
results suggested consistent improvements for all downscaled forcing
variables. The downscaled forcings, which incorporated detailed
topographic features, offered improved magnitude estimates, achieving a
comparable level of performance to that of regional reanalysis forcing
data. The downscaled forcing driving the CoLM model show comparable or
better skills in simulating water and energy fluxes, as verified by
in-situ validations. The hyper-resolution simulations offered a detailed
and more reasonable description of land surface processes and attained
similar spatial patterns and magnitudes with high-resolution land
surface data, especially over highly elevated areas. Additionally, this
study highlighted the benefits of using mountain radiation theory-based
shortwave radiation downscaling models and AutoML-assisted precipitation
downscaling models. These findings emphasized the significance of
integrating topography-based downscaling methods for hillslope-scale
simulations.
A policy option towards improving skill-mix efficiencies in Victorian public oral healthcare.
Authors: Nguyen Tan Minh , Hall Martin
Published: April 2024

Background: International oral health policy directions led by the World
Health Organization call for the inclusion of oral health within
universal health coverage. The aim of this study is to perform a budget
impact analysis of a policy option for a more cost-efficient oral health
workforce skill-mix (dentists and oral health therapists) to provide
public oral healthcare in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Two hypothetical
standard care pathways were developed. A dynamic population Markov model
was generated in TreeAge software, with a time horizon of six years. Two
scenarios were modelled to determine: 1) base-case scenario: the
threshold the dentist workforce could reduce per year, while achieving
the same service delivery outputs, and 2) alternative scenario: the
potential cost-savings for utilising an optimally cost-efficient oral
health workforce skill-mix. Results: The threshold analysis showed a
minimum reduction of 13% of the dentist workforce being replaced with
oral health therapists can occur without having any impact on the same
service delivery outputs. Under the alternative scenario, the potential
cost-savings would be AUD$1,425,037 (SD 58,954). Conclusions:
Governments and policy-decision makers should consider strategies in
training, attracting, and retaining oral health therapists to achieve an
optimally cost-efficient oral health workforce skill-mix when delivering
public oral healthcare.
The role of Rumen and Intestine’s Microbes in the environmental resilience of the Xizang sheep and goats: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mustafa Shehr Bano , Pan Cheng , Zhaxi Yangzong , Awang Cuoji , Zhao Wangsheng , Song Tianzeng
Published: April 2024

The Xizang plateau (Tibetan Region) is a world-class biogeographic area
with diverse landscapes, altitudinal bands, and mountainous habitats as
well as a vulnerable home to a diverse range of rare species. The Xizang
sheep and goats can withstand the harsh climate due to the presence of
rumen and intestine microbes. This study focuses on the unique symbiotic
relationship of the host with the bacteria, revealing a complicated
network of microbial communities as well as the crucial functions that
rumen and intestine microorganisms play in the host’s survival.
Important factors such as environment and host genetics which impact the
composition of gut microbiota have been hot topics of research recently
because microbial ecology drives rumen and intestine development. In
this review, the role of omics technology in understanding the mysteries
of the microbiome and addressing environmental challenges is also
discussed in detail. Moreover, the analysis concludes that focusing on
the microorganisms that reside inside ruminants can guide sustainable
practices, and nutrient usage management, and boost resilience in a
variety of ecological contexts. This study comprehensively highlights
the significance of the microbes in the rumen and intestine of the
Xizang sheep and goats in environmental resilience.
Enhancing Visible Light Catalytic Efficiency through Modulating Electron Cloud Density via Structure-Function Relationship
Authors: Tu Hong , Tang Yao , Guo Jiang , Xu Ying , Guo Sheng , Chen Hong , Liu Ming Ya , Wang Ya , Wu Jian
Published: April 2024

Structural modulation of pristine graphitic carbon nitride presents a
significant challenge in the rational design of catalysts for efficient
degradation of small organic pollutants under visible light. In this
study, we combining first-principles calculations and structure-function
relationship to predict a high-performance catalyst. The results
indicate that CN-8 exhibits a significant degree of separation between
electrons and holes, the CN-8 exhibits exceptional degradation
efficiency towards rhodamine B, tetracycline and bisphenol A under
visible light irradiation. The degradation rate constants are 0.6436
min-1, 0.2432 min-1, and 0.1394 min-1 higher than that of bulk g-C3N4
(0.0561 min-1, 0.0648 min-1, 0.0232 min-1), respectively. Density
functional theory calculations, and structure-function relationship
investigations confirm that the superior catalytic activity of CN-8,
modifying the amino position changes the electron cloud distribution,
promoting efficient separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs.
This study offers valuable insights for developing eco-friendly and
efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
Bioinformatics analysis and immunogenicity assessment of the novel multi-stage DNA vaccine W541 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Yang Yourong , Liang Yan , Xue Yong , Wang Xiaoou , Wang Lan , Wang Jie , Zhang Junxian , Wu Xueqiong
Published: April 2024

Background: Vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent
latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from developing into active
tuberculosis (TB). Applying bioinformatics methods to pre-evaluate the
biological characteristics and immunogenicity of vaccines can improve
the efficiency of vaccine development. Objectives: To evaluate the
immunogenicity of tuberculosis vaccine W541 and explore the application
of bioinformatics technology in tuberculosis vaccine research. Methods:
This study concatenated the immunodominant sequences of Ag85A, Ag85B,
Rv3407, and Rv1733c to construct the W541 DNA vaccine. Then,
bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical
properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population
coverage of the vaccine, identify its epitopes, and perform molecular
docking with MHC alleles and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of the host.
Finally, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated through animal
experiments. Results: the W541 vaccine protein is a soluble cytoplasmic
protein with a half-life of 1.1 hours in vivo and an instability index
of 45.37. It has good antigenicity and wide population coverage without
allergenicity and toxicity. It contains 138 HTL epitopes, 73 CTL
epitopes, 8 linear and 14 discontinuous epitopes of B cells, and a
strong affinity for TLR4. Immune simulations showed it could effectively
stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal experiments have
confirmed that the W541 DNA vaccine could effectively activate the Th1-
and Th17-type immune responses, producing high levels of IFN-γ and
IL-17A, but could not significantly increase antibody levels.
Conclusion: the W541 DNA vaccine can induce strong cellular immune
responses. However, further optimization of the vaccine design is needed
to make the expressed protein more stable in vivo. Bioinformatics
analysis could reveal vaccines’ physicochemical and immunological
information, which is critical for guiding vaccine design and
development.
Eddy-driven heterogeneity in sea ice during the ice-growth season
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Josué , Lique Camille , Talandier Claude
Published: April 2024

Mesoscale eddies, generated by lateral gradients in salinity and
temperature in the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ), are known to modulate
the melting of sea ice in this region. Yet, it remains unclear if eddies
also modify sea ice growth during the freezing season. Here, we use a
set of idealized simulations to explore the sea ice growth above an
eddying ocean. In the presence of eddies, mixing of the surface
temperature and salinity fields induce heterogeneity in the heat and
salt fluxes at the ice-ocean interface, ultimately imprinting
heterogeneity on the sea ice thickness. A stronger eddy field imprints
more heterogeneity in the sea ice thickness. More heterogeneity in the
sea ice pack would likely impact the current and future evolution of the
sea ice conditions in the Arctic, where a rapid transition towards an
open-ocean regime is ongoing.
An Improved CNN model for Identifying Tomato Leaf Diseases
Authors: BHARALI DEBABRAT
Published: April 2024

A major loss in gross domestic product, quantity and quality of products produced, as well as tomato production, is caused by diseases in tomato leaves due to  which farmers have a difficult time in controlling and monitoring the health of tomato leaves, one of which is leaf disease. In our  project, we developed an Enhanced CNN by using data augmentation techniques to identify the seven classes(blight ,leaf curl, leaf miner ,Alteneria, leaf spot,  cutwork infected) of  tomato leaf diseases. Using 27807 trainable parameters, the enhanced CNN obtains the maximum training accuracy of ninety nine point nine eight percent(99.98%) and validating accuracy of ninety eight point four percent(98.4%) .With fewer parameters, The Enhanced CNN can more accurately determine the type of illness of tomato leaf. Our Enhanced CNN model also determine the type of illness of tomato leaf when tested with the images of diseased tomato leaf collected from the internet sources.Using 152850 trainable parameters the enhanced CNN obtain the maximum training accuracy of 99.68% and validation accuracy of 89%.
Applying Spatial Analysis to Assess Crop Damage: A Case Study of the Pakistan 2022 Floods
Authors: Yamano Takashi , Gumma Murali Krishna , Panjala Pranay , Ul Haq Nauman , Fahad Muhammad , Sato Noriko , Arif Babur Wasim , Saeed Umer
Published: April 2024

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events in Pakistan. During and immediately after such events many locations are inaccessible, yet the government needs evidence-based data to help plan effective responses. This paper uses spatial analysis and spectral mapping to assess the agricultural damage from the 2022 floods in Pakistan. Spatial analysis could be a vital tool in assessing and verifying damage from disaster events. The paper emphasizes the need to build spatial analysis capacities in provincial crop reporting services and the Ministry of National Food Security and Research.
On Music and Tradition
Authors: W Allaerts
Published: April 2024

In this paper we elaborate on the question how to bridge the gap between contemporary (New) music and the tradition of the past, often called ‘classical’ music. First we analyze the notion of tradition (in classical music) as being distinct from traditional music, nationalism and traditionalism. A central role in this paper is dedicated to the role of counterpoint education following J.J. Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum in the development of Central-European classical music between the late Renaissance and late Romantic periods. The developments in the 20th century New Music reveal several important trend breaks. The controversies raised during the early Renaissance, regarding the practice of polyphonic singing, are discussed with respect to their impact on music development in later ages. From these controversies and the re-discovery of Nicholas de Cusa’s view on mysticism, the experience of the non-experience in polyphonic music is elucidated. Herewith, an illuminative heuristic is found in the enfolding-unfolding paradigm both in music and pictural arts, from the Renaissance till the present.
Efficient and Open-Source Tool for the Prediction of Thermowell Structural Response
Authors:   , Jones Callum
Published: April 2024

Thermowells are widely used in the aid of the measurement of temperature in high velocity or corrosive flow in large industrial installations. They are susceptible to vortex induced vibration which can be a cause of two types of damage; fatigue failure and resonance failure. Hence it is important to understand the mechanisms that may avoid vortex induced vibration as failure of a thermowell can cause a leak in the pipe or vessel it is installed on. An industry standard for the sizing and installation of a thermowell in order to avoid failure due to vortex induced vibration, hydrostatic pressure or static bending already exists. The standard is thorough and has been amended as recently as 2016 in order to increase safety in working with thermowells. However, it has its shortcomings with some assumptions it makes and when considering unique designs. A unique design of particular interest from industry is that of a cylindrical well with helical strakes attached. This affects the boundary layer of the fluid on the thermowell. In this work, a novel tool is developed for computing the structural response of a thermowell depending on the flow environment in which it is placed in. The tool exploits one-way coupling requiring the physics of fluid flow and solid dynamics. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a RANS turbulence model and a structural modal superposition method are used to solve for the fluid and the solid. An experimental setup was also proposed with the purpose of benchmarking the numerical approach, however, experimental testing was not pursued. The numerical model showed a significant reduction in time dynamic oscillatory force being applied to the thermowell when helical strakes are introduced but an increase in steady state force. Therefore, with the presence of helical strakes, the dynamics stress levels that the thermowell experiences is reduced making the thermowell less susceptible to failure.
Analysis of Losses Due to Load Unbalance in a 2000 kVA Transformer at Supermall Mansion 2 Tower Tanglin Surabaya
Authors: Widagdo Reza Sarwo Widagdo , Andriawan Aris Heri Andriawan
Published: April 2024

The load unbalance causes a neutral current, the current flowing in the neutral conductor will cause an increase in losses in the transformer. The greater the losses incurred, the efficiency and reliability of the transformer will decrease. Based on this, a study was conducted on analyzing the losses on distribution transformers at Supermall Mansion 2 Tower Tanglin which aims to determine the percentage value of transformer loading, the value of transformer imbalance, the value of transformer losses, and the value of transformer efficiency. This is done so that the value of the installed transformer does not exceed the applicable SPLN value. During the measurement, it was found that the percentage value of the transformer loading was 38.88% during the daytime and 48.89% at night (maximum SPLN 80%, minimum 40%). The load unbalance value is 11.66% during the daytime and 10.33% at night (SPLN is categorized as good if < 10%). Copper losses (Pcu) are 91.3 kW during the daytime and 94.2 kW at night. The value of losses due to neutral currents is 0.134 kW with a percentage of 0.0071% during the daytime and 0.173 kW with a percentage of 0.0090% at night. The percentage of the current value in the neutral conductor is 26.36% during the day and 24.04% at night (SPLN is categorized as good if < 20%).
Influence of Reservoir Water Level Fluctuations of Reservoir B (Rusunawa) on Groundwater Availability at the Environment of Lampung University
Authors: Erwanto Erwanto
Published: April 2024

The presence of four reservoirs as rainwater collection infrastructure at the University of Lampung is expected to enhance the infiltration process and recharge the groundwater aquifers. However, the threat of water scarcity in the area may arise due to the reduction of recharge areas. Therefore, a comprehensive study is necessary to understand the important factors in maintaining groundwater availability. This research aims to analyze groundwater aquifers, identify fluctuations in the water level of Reservoir B, and analyze the relationship between the elevation of the water level in the reservoir and the availability of groundwater in the University of Lampung environment. The research methodology involves the interpretation of geoelectric data and the calculation of water level fluctuations in the reservoir. The analysis results indicate that the shallow groundwater aquifer is estimated to be located at depths ranging from 10 to 30 meters, while the deeper aquifer is situated at depths of 80 to 130 meters with a layer of sandy tuff. The highest fluctuation in water level is recorded at 14 cm during rainfall with an intensity of 52.1 mm/day. There were no significant changes in the water level observed during rainfall with intensities ranging from 0 to 2.4 mm/day, and the average fluctuation observed is approximately 0.5 cm every 8 hours.
Effect of nira (Arenga pinnata Merr) tapping tools on the abudance and identification of microorganisms
Authors: TURNIP NINA
Published: April 2024

Arenga trees are known to have economic value, especially its water, called nira. Nira contains sucrose with a neutral pH at the start of tapping, but after 4 hours, the quality of nira will decrease. This is due to the influence of air (aerobic), so that the presence of microbes in nira becomes abundant and causes the fermentation process to take place more quickly. The fermented nira is known as ‘tuak’, the traditional drink of Bataknese people. Batak people believe the benefits of drinking tuak for health. In this study, nira was collected using a simple tapping device (APUS) with the aim of minimizing contact between surrounding air and bunches. APUS was applied to Arenga bunches in Samosir. Nira from tapping with and without APUS will be observed for microbial abundance (its density). Furthermore, the microbes contained in nira will be identified based on their morphological characters (physically). Identification aims to determine the types of microbes that are present from a natural habitat. Next, the microbes are isolated and studied for their shape and properties, before the microbes are utilized further. The results of microscopic observations showed that the nira sample tapped without using APUS (sample A) had a higher and more turbid microbial density and showed non-uniform microbial size (from large to small, like powder), while nira sample tapped with APUS (sample B) showed almost uniform microbial size with cleaner looking spots. Furthermore, the microbes in sample B were isolated on specific media. Acquisition of colonies in the form of acetic acid bacteria (BAA), lactic acid bacteria (BAL), and yeast. BAA isolates showed a group of gram-negative bacteria that could not retain the crystal violet stain when rinsed with alcohol, because the peptidoglycan in gram-negative bacteria was thinner than gram-positive ones, while BAL isolates were the opposite. The measurement of the number of colonies was carried out using the TPC (Total Plate Count) method at 6 dilutions and obtained for BAL and yeast were 147 and 30 colonies respectively.
An Examination of the Preservice Teachers’ Personal Practical Theories
Authors: Bayrak Özmutlu Emel
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the contents and sources of preservice teachers’ personal practical theories (PPTs) and the relationship between the contents and sources.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was carried out using a basic qualitative research design. The study group of the research was determined by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The data collection instrument was developed by the researcher. This instrument was developed with an understanding that allowed preservice teachers to externalize their PPTs, reason about the professional behaviors that their PPTs would result in, identify the sources of their PPTs, and recall the relevant memories that their PPTs originated from. Fifty-one preservice teachers studying in the eighth semester of the classroom teaching program were included in the study group of the research. Analyses were based on PPT statements labeled with 489 in vivo codes. The research data were obtained within the scope of a study titled "Personal practice-based theory construction" conducted with the participants for three weeks.
Findings: Preservice teachers’ PPTs were analyzed under the themes of teacher, students, instruction, curriculum, classroom, and socio-cultural context of education. It was observed that the teacher candidates’ PPTs were mainly constructed on the teacher theme, through which the characteristics of high-quality teachers were explained. It was seen that about half of the teacher candidates’ PPTs were sourced from their experiences before they came to the faculty of education, while the lowest percentage of PTTs stemmed from the theoretical dimension of teacher education.
Highlights: The most prominent of these is that teacher candidates constructed their PPTs predominantly on ideal teacher characteristics, while they paid less attention to the curriculum and socio-cultural context. An idealistic approach that placed too much emphasis on values was identified in the contents of the candidates’ PPTs. Although the candidates’ PPTs were largely compatible with the accepted theories, they need to be developed to transfer them into practice in a real classroom context.
An Analysis of Item Bias in the PISA 2018 Reading Understanding and Memorising Strategies Questionnaire
Authors: Gören Sebahat , Sayın Ayfer , Gelbal Selahattin
Published: April 2024

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu araştırmanın amacı, PISA 2018 uygulamasında yer alan okuduğunu anlama ve hatırlama stratejileri anketindeki maddelerin kültür ve ana dil değişkenleri bağlamında ülkeler arasında yanlılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesidir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Betimsel araştırma türünde yürütülen çalışmaya ABD, Avustralya, Kore, Japonya, Türkiye ve Yeni Zelanda olmak üzere altı ülke dâhil edilmiştir. Ülkeler kültür ve ana dil değişkenlerine göre dört gruba ayrılarak öncelikle gruplar arasında ölçme değişmezliği test edilmiştir. Çoklu grıp DFA yöntemi ile ölçme değişmezliği okuduğunu anlama ve hatırlama stratejileri anketi için sırayla şekilsel, metrik, ölçek ve katı değişmezlik olmak üzere aşamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından gruplara göre anket maddelerinin değişen madde fonksiyonu (DMF) gösterip göstermediği poly-SIBTEST yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Farklı kültür ve ana dile sahip Türkiye-ABD karşılaştırmasında DMF gösteren tüm anket maddelerine göre uzman görüşü alınmıştır.
Bulgular: 20 uzmanın katıldığı çalışmasonrasında üç maddedeki DMF’nin madde etkisinden kaynaklı olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Uzman görüşlerine göre Türkiye örneklemindeki öğrencilerin “metindeki kolay kısımlara yoğunlaşma” stratejisini daha az kullanışlı bulmasının beklendik bir durum olduğu belirtilmiştir. Benzer şekilde “özetleme” ve “sesli bir şekilde başkasına okuma” stratejilerinde de çeviriden, kültürden, eğitim programından ya da başka unsurlardan kaynaklı bir problem olmadığı ifade edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte uzman görüşüne göre anketteki üç maddenin yanlılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. “Metnin geneli hızlı bir şekilde iki kez okuma” stratejisinin alan yazında okuma öncesinde göz gezdirme stratejisi ile okuma sırasında iki kez okuma stratejilerini aynı anda içerdiğine vurgu yapılmıştır. “Metnin içeriğini başkalarıyla tartışma” stratejisinde öğrencilerin soru-cevap olarak nitelendirdikleri stratejide tartışma eyleminin öğrenciler tarafından yanlış anlaşılabileceği vurgulanmıştır. araştırma sonucunda ayrıca “altını çizerek okuma” stratejisinin de eğitim programlarından kaynaklı olarak Türkiye örneklemindeki öğrencilere yanlılık gösterebileceği belirlenmiştir
Önemli Vurgular: Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre PISA gibi önemli uluslararası uygulamalarda sadece başarı testleri değil duyuşsal alanla ilgili anket maddelerinin de çeviri süreçlerinde standartalara uygun bir şekilde gözden geçirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN MENGHANTARKAN PEMBELAJARAN BERMAKNA BAGI GURU-GURU PAUD SE-KECAMATAN PANYILEUKAN KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Wibowo Hery , Humaedi Sahadi , Irfan Maulana , Susanto Meilanny Budiarti , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Apsari Nurliana Cipta
Published: April 2024

Guru merupakan komponen pendidikan bangsa yang penting. Maka, segala upaya meningkatkan kapasitas guru, seyogyanya merupakan yang perlu diprioritaskan. Pembelajaran bermakna, dengan menggunakan skema daur belajar merupakan merupakan salah satu metode untuk menggugah peserta didik berpikir dan mampu mengungkapkan pendapatnya. Praktik pengabdian masyarakat ini berbentuk aksi memberikan pelatihan kepada para guru, yaitu pelatihan pembelajaran bermakna melalui optimasi aplikasi daur belajar. Pelatihan ini disampaikan oleh narasumber yaitu fasilitator atau guru yang ahli. Bentuk pelatihan ini melibatkan penggunaan berbagai media pembelajaran dan teknik seperti permainan, puisi, gambar, dan video. Langkah-langkah pengajaran termasuk pengalaman langsung dengan materi, pengungkapan perasaan peserta, analisis bersama, penyimpulan, dan penerapan materi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Melalui hal ini, guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan luaran proses pembelajarannya. Pelatihan diikuti oleh lebih dari dua puluh guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di lingkungan kecamatan Panyileukan Kota Bandung. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas guru dalam mengajar dan memberikan dampak positif pada proses belajar mengajar. Kesinambungan dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas guru diharapkan dapat terus dilakukan untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik secara berkelanjutan. Teachers are an important component of the nation's education. Therefore, all efforts to improve the capacity of teachers should be prioritized. Meaningful learning, using the learning cycle scheme, is one method to inspire students to think and be able to express their opinions. This community service practice takes the form of providing training to teachers, namely meaningful learning training through optimizing the learning cycle application. This training is delivered by resource persons, namely facilitators or expert teachers. This form of training involves the use of various learning media and techniques such as games, poems, pictures, and videos. Teaching steps include direct experience with the material, expression of participants' feelings, joint analysis, summarization, and application of the material in daily life. Through this, teachers are expected to improve their learning process outcomes. The training was attended by more than twenty Early Childhood Education teachers in the Panyileukan sub-district of Bandung City. This training is expected to improve the quality of teachers in teaching and have a positive impact on the teaching and learning process. Sustainability in efforts to improve the quality of teachers is expected to continue to be carried out to achieve better results sustainably.
SEKOLAH DASAR BEBAS ASAP ROKOK: MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN SEHAT DAN RAMAH ANAK
Authors: Sutha Diah Wijayanti , Christine Christine , Prihartanti Niken Grah , Kartika Ria Chandra
Published: April 2024

Sekolah merupakan tempat yang wajib bebas dari asap rokok. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih terdapat temuan aktifitas merokok yang dilakukan di lingkungan sekolah. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di UPTD SDN Pacanggaan 1 Kabupaten Sampang Madura, dengan melibatkan semua pihak di sekolah, temasuk guru, staf, siswa dan orang tua murid. Kegiatan ini mengupas beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya aktifitas merokok di lingkungan sekolah, termasuk kurangnya penegakan kebijakan, kurangnya kesadaran akan bahaya rokok, dan pengaruh lingkungan di luar sekolah. Melalui kerja sama antar sekolah dan orang tua murid, kegiatan ini berhasil menimbulkan solusi seperti meningkatkan kesadaran akan kebijakan kawasan bebas asap rokok, mengadakan program anti rokok, dan memperkuat penegakan kebijakan tersebut. Selain itu, hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya kesadaran akan bahaya merokok dan tindakan konkrit untuk mengurangi aktifitas merokok di lingungan sekolah melalui program anti-rokok dan pemberlakuan sanksi bagi pelanggar. Kegiatan ini menyoroti pentingnya komitmen bersama dalam menciptakan sekolah bebas asap rokok yang sehat dan ramah anak. Melibatkan semua pihak sekolah dan orang tua murid merupakan langkah kunci dalam mengatasi tantangan terkait terjadinya aktifitas merokok di lingkungan sekolah.Schools are places that must be free from cigarette smoke. However, in practice there are still findings of smoking activities carried out in the school environment. This activity was carried out at UPTD SDN Pacanggaan 1 Sampang Madura Regency, involving all parties at the school, including teachers, staff, students, and parents. This activity explores several factors that cause smoking in the school environment, including lack of policy enforcement, lack of awareness of the dangers of smoking, and environmental influences outside the school. Through collaboration between schools and parents, this activity succeeded in creating solutions such as increasing awareness of smoke-free area policies, holding anti-smoking programs, and strengthening enforcement of these policies. Apart from that, the results of this activity are increased awareness of the dangers of smoking and concrete actions to reduce smoking activities in the school environment through anti-smoking programs and the implementation of sanctions for violators. This activity highlights the importance of joint commitment to create smoke-free schools that are healthy and child-friendly. Involving all school officials and parents is a key step in overcoming challenges related to smoking in the school environment.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA LAWANG URU DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA INDUSTRIALISASI
Authors: Susanto Deri , Liliyantie Liliyantie , Inriani Eva , Netanyahu Kurniawan , Sampurna Raja Daido Tri , Garuda Nasa , Nisapingka Diren , Ariyani Arisna
Published: April 2024

Era industrialisasi telah mengubah pola ekonomi di banyak daerah, mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat lokal. Meskipun membawa dampak positif seperti peningkatan kesejahteraan, industrialisasi juga membawa risiko bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan dan lingkungan. Pengabdian Kepada Masyakat ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memperoleh sumber dari wawancara kepada aparatur pemerintahan desa dan masyarakat desa baik secara internal ataupun melalui kegiatan forum group discussion (fgd). Pengabdian Kepada Masyakat tersebut menunjukkan pentingnya pemberdayaan masyarakat desa dalam menghadapi industrialisasi. Namun, dengan berdasarkan temuan dilapangan bahwa diperlukan adanya pembentukan modal sosial di Desa Lawang Uru. Oleh karena itu langkah pertama yang harus dilaksanakan adanya dengan membentuk modal sosial di Desa Lawang Uru. Kesimpulan dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyakat ini adalah program pemberdayaan di desa ini diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan potensi sumber daya alam dan manusia untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara berkelanjutan terutama di era industrialisasi. Namun, keberadaan modal sosial menjadi salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan program pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam sebuah daerah termasuk di Desa Lawang Uru. The era of industrialization has transformed economic dynamics in numerous regions, impacting local communities. While it brings about positive outcomes like increased welfare, industrialization also poses risks to sustainable development and the environment. This study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing from interviews with village government officials and community members, as well as through forum group discussions (FGDs). It underscores the significance of empowering village communities to confront industrialization. However, field findings highlight the imperative need for building social capital in Lawang Uru Village. Therefore, the initial step to undertake is the establishment of social capital in Lawang Uru Village. The research concludes that the empowerment program in this village aims to harness the potential of natural and human resources to enhance community welfare sustainably, particularly in the industrialization era. Nonetheless, the presence of social capital stands as a pivotal determinant for the success of community empowerment initiatives in any locale, including Lawang Uru Village.
PENGAPLIKASIAN PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN PADA PENGURUS BUMDES PUTRA MANDIRI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Sihombing Siciliana Agave , Chan Arianis , Nirmalasari Healthy
Published: April 2024

Pelatihan kepemimpinan menjadi sebuah kebutuhan penting bagi pengurus Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes), khususnya bagi BUMDes Putra Mandiri Desa Selasari di Kabupaten Pangandaran. Meskipun BUMDes tersebut memiliki tata kelola dan aktivitas yang sangat baik, tantangan utama yang masih dihadapi adalah aspek kepemimpinan para pengurusnya. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, peneliti menciptakan program pelatihan berbasis kompetensi yang mengangkat tema kepemimpinan dengan nama SABUNDAR. Tahapan dalam penyusunan program ini mencakup analisis kebutuhan pelatihan, perancangan program, pengembangan program, implementasi, dan pengukuran efektivitas. Teori Kepemimpinan The Leadership Challenge Kouzes Posner diadaptasi untuk menjadi media refleksi selama pelatihan berbasis kompetensi berlangsung. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa BUMDesa Putra Mandiri sedang menghadapi isu bisnis terkait rendahnya kepemimpinan pada pengurusnya. Program pelatihan dijalankan sesuai dengan tahapan yang telah direncanakan, dilaksanakan pada tanggal 23 September hingga 1 Oktober 2023. Pelaksanaan program pelatihan SABUNDAR dinilai tepat dalam meningkatkan jiwa kepemimpinan para pengurus BUMDes Putra Mandiri. Diharapkan program ini dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam memperkuat tata kelola dan aktivitas BUMDes serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Desa Selasari, Kabupaten Pangandaran. Leadership training is a crucial necessity for the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) Putra Mandiri, particularly for BUMDesa Putra Mandiri in Selasari Village, Pangandaran Regency. Despite having exemplary governance and activities, the primary challenge faced is the leadership aspect among its administrators. To address this, the researcher developed a competency-based training program themed on leadership titled SABUNDAR. The stages in crafting this program include training needs analysis, program design, development, implementation, and effectiveness measurement. Kouzes Posner's The Leadership Challenge Leadership Theory was adapted to become a reflection medium during competency-based training. The analysis revealed that BUMDesa Putra Mandiri is currently grappling with business issues related to the low leadership quality among its administrators. The training program was executed according to the planned stages and took place from September 23rd to October 1st, 2023. The research findings depict that the SABUNDAR training program is a pertinent step towards enhancing the leadership qualities of BUMDesa Putra Mandiri's administrators. It is hoped that this program will significantly contribute to strengthening the governance and activities of BUMDesa, thereby fostering economic growth in Selasari Village, Pangandaran Regency.
Representasi Etnis Melalui Fokalisasi Dalam Novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes Karya Tan Boen Kim (Sebuah Analisis Naratologi)
Authors: Rosalita Rosalita , Dewojati Cahyaningrum
Published: April 2024

Novel Perosesoehan di Koedoes karya Tan Boen Kim merupakan catatan novelisasi sejarah perusuhan anti-Cina di Kudus tahun 1918 yang diakibatkan konflik etnis antara pribumi dan Tionghoa yang terjadi karena faktor paradigma struktural, yaitu adanya masalah ekonomi diakibatkan dari perebutan sumber daya – teritorial perekonomian dan perebutan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes dengan menggunakan teori naratologi Gerard Genette mengenai fokalisasi. Fokalisasi berasal dari kata fokus yang berarti kancah perhatian, perspektif cerita, atau sudut pandang yang nantinya untuk melihat sudut pandang secara sosiologis mengenai keberadaan fakta, bagaimana dan dari sudut mana tokoh-tokoh dan kejadian dilihat. Selanjutnya, peneliti akan melihat bagaimana representasi etnis yang muncul dari bentuk fokalisasi yang digunakan oleh pengarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menganalisis teks kemudian mengaitkannya dengan teori fokalisasi Gerard Genette. Sumber data merupakan narasi dan dialog antar tokoh dalam novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes karya Tan Boen Kim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes menggunakan dua teknik fokalisasi, yaitu fokalisasi nol (zero focalization) dan fokalisasi internal (internal focalization). Fokalisasi nol yaitu narator mahatahu ditempati oleh pengarang. Ia menempatkan dirinya dalam setiap rangkaian peristiwa yang ada, bahkan Tan Boen Kim dapat mengetahui berbagai fakta tentang beberapa tokoh, bentuk fisik, gerakan, cara berpikir hingga perasaan mereka. Selanjutnya adalah fokalisasi internal di mana beberapa tokoh memfokalisasi tokoh lainnya, untuk menjelaskan sifat tokoh lainnya. Representasi etnis yang terjadi dalam novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes adalah representasi etnis pribumi dan etnis Tionghoa. Etnis pribumi digambarkan sebagai orang yang pelit dan hanya tahu di untung saja dan tidak memperhatikan nasib para kuli. Ini berbanding terbalik dengan etnis Tionghoa yang digambarkan oleh Tan Boen Kim dalam novelnya, bahwa mereka memiliki kemurahan hati, mau memberikan utang/vorschoot, jujur dalam berdagang, dan mau memperhatikan nasib para kulinya.
Resilience and transformation: The impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s textile industry
Authors: Shah Sayyed Sadaqat Hussain , Tariq Maham , Asif Khan Muhammad , Haddad Hossam , Al-Ramahi Nidal Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

The economy of Pakistan has faced many challenges due to COVID-19, leading to numerous systemic failures and leaving it struggling to recover. This research aims to shed light on the specific challenges faced by Pakistani textile companies during the pandemic. Comprehensive data was collected from one hundred fifty-three textile managers in Pakistan. Upon examining the impact of COVID-19 on businesses, it has been found that the most pressing issues revolved around working capital and strategies for generating new sales. Interestingly, many of these businesses were well-prepared in the digital realm, readily embracing digital knowledge and seizing opportunities by pivoting to the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and N95 masks. This study aims to evaluate the early consequences of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s textile industry. Considering the scarcity of research on these challenges and opportunities, our work contributes to a better understanding of the hurdles the textile sector faces. Furthermore, it sets the groundwork for future research in this domain. It provides valuable insights for textile businesses, enabling them to align their strategies with the ever-evolving digital marketing landscape.
The Carbon Isotopic Composition of Archean Kerogen and Its Resilience Through the Rock Cycle
Authors: Zeichner Sarah S. , Fischer Woodward W. , Lotem Noam , Moore Kelsey R. , Goldford Joshua E. , Eiler John M.
Published: April 2024

The Archean rock record is limited and there is minimal organic matter available to understand the origin and evolution of life on early Earth. Low carbon isotope ratios have been measured in organic and reduced carbon phases in Archean rocks and have been invoked as biosignatures. However, it can be challenging to distinguish whether these low values reflect biotic formation, abiotic reactions, or post-depositional processes. To re-address this long-standing question, we compiled a comprehensive dataset of carbon isotope ratio measurements from organic carbon phases from Archean units that were analyzed using a variety of geochemical techniques. Our compilation also includes available descriptions and measurements of the stratigraphy, mineralogy, elemental ratios, and metamorphic grade for each data point. Our statistical analyses re-enforce a result that has been noted by prior compilations, that the carbon isotopic composition of Archean organic matter (OM) is broadly more 13C-deplete than the composition of Phanerozoic OM: The median δ13C values ( ±SD) of Archean total organic carbon and kerogen were −30.5±8‰ (n=2421) and −33.7±11.3‰ (n=556; Phanerozoic OM δ13C ±SD = −26.7±4.6‰ with n=449 from a prior compilation). Our study also identifies a previously unrecognized bimodality within the δ13C values of Archean OM that is observed even with subsampling of the data to account for geographic and stratigraphic sampling bias. We describe and model the isotopic and structural changes associated with the transformation of marine Type II kerogen from formation through diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis, and metamorphism, as described by trends on a van Krevelin diagram. Empirically, early maturation of organic matter during diagenesis results in shifts up to a few per-mille, which can occur in either direction depending on selective preservation and degradation of compounds. Thermal cracking that occurs during catagenesis can drive increases in δ13C of 5–12‰. At temperatures above greenschist metamorphism, carbon atoms exchange with other reactive carbon pools, driving increases in δ13C of up to 20‰. Together, our analyses suggest that the most metamorphosed graphitic samples from the earliest Archean are likely signatures of alteration, while low and multimodal ranges of δ13C values may preserve records of Archean ecology.