bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Crime Prevention and Perception of Safety Using the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior (KAB) Model
Authors: Patalinghug Mark Erana , Gaston Sarcena John Dexter , Bustamante Ronilo Seronio , Melecio Katreen Glimada , Mangubat Junrey Maglangit , Patalinghug Haidee Fuentes
Published: May 2023

As empirical studies have progressed, various metrics and study areas have been incorporated into safety perception and worry about victimization. In this study, the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Model was applied in evaluating the cognitive and emotional domains of 401 residents of Zamboanga del Sur, Phillipines focusing on their knowledge of crime prevention, safety perception, and fears of victimization. Using the model, the knowledge of crime prevention, safety perception, and fear of victimization was considered an exploratory variable based on the common-sense assumption that feelings and emotions govern how people perceive certain things. The result shows that implemented crime prevention strategies in the province were observable, and community awareness is considerable. Regarding safety and security, the respondents rated the province as safe for everyone and moderately safe when personal belongings are left unattended. The threats to physical safety and security against persons and property are less likely to occur. Finally, the data show a statistically significant weak positive correlation between crime prevention and the perception of safety and security. The associations of safety and security and general satisfaction with personal safety among the representative samples show a significant positive weak correlation. Knowledge of crime prevention strategy and general satisfaction with personal safety shows a weak, statistically significant positive correlation. Thus, awareness of crime prevention significantly influences the safety perception, level of worry, and satisfaction with personal safety.
A Blockchain Cross-Border Payment System to Enable a Potential Caribbean Regional Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Charles Don
Published: May 2023

The implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, the lack of financial support from the international community has been a significant obstacle for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Member States. To this end, market-based mechanisms, such as an emissions trading scheme (ETS), included in the Paris Agreement can provide an effective incentive for greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting stakeholders to reduce their emissions and help countries achieve their NDCs.A cross-border payment system is essential for the transfer of funds as well as emissions allowances between regulated entities in different countries in a regional emissions trading scheme. The cross-border payment system needs to be secure, fast, efficient, and cost-effective.Notably, the Caribbean region’s current cross-border payment system is based on correspondent banking, and ill-equipped to properly handle cross-country trading in a potential regional ETS.As a result, blockchain emerges as a practical tool to strengthen the Caribbean’s cross-border payment system to facilitate regional emissions trading. This study explores how a blockchain cross-border payment system can be used for a potential Caribbean emissions trading scheme.
 
Received: 3 March 2023 | Revised: 9 May 2023 | Accepted: 12 May 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Don Charles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, resources, data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
What might they ask? Tourists’ questions directed to tour guides due to their information-giver role
Authors: DÜZ Burak
Published: May 2023

Interpretation is essential in tour guiding services and it is formed by tour guides’ information. The body of the tour guiding literature has examined tour guides’ interpretation and information-giver role in various aspects. However, tourists’ questions, as a component of tour guide-tourist interaction and interpretation, are under-studied. Hence, this empirical research aims to identify tourists’ questions directed to tour guides in Türkiye. It also examines tour guides’ perceptions of tourists’ questions and their geographic origin. Additionally, tour guides’ strategies to handle challenging questions were clarified. 13 tour guides were interviewed to conduct the qualitative research and the findings reveal that tourists’ questions are related to Geography, Islam religion, History in Anatolia, Sociocultural settings, and Socioeconomic infrastructure in Türkiye. Therefore, this study contributes to the current body of knowledge as it offers a framework for tourists’ questions, tour guides’ relevant perceptions, and strategies. Finally, it provides recommendations for practitioners and policy-makers.
Ağız Sözlükçülüğü Bağlamında Yüksek Lisans Tezlerinde Birleşik Fiiller
Authors: KÜÇÜK Salim
Published: May 2023

Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarının ses, şekil bilgisi, söz dizimi özelliklerini ve söz varlığını derlemek, tespit etmek amacıyla hazırlanmış yüksek lisans ile doktora tezlerinde genellikle sözlüğe yer verilmektedir. Uzmanlaşmaya dayanan doktora tezlerinde sözlük kısımları belli bir ciddiyetle ele alınırken yüksek lisans tezlerinde çoğunlukla özensizlik, dikkatsizlik, bir sözlüğün taşıması gereken hususları göz ardı etme, geçiştirme gibi durumlarla da karşılaşılabilmektedir.

Ağız sözlükçülüğünde önemli bir eksiklik de isim, sıfat, zarf, zamir, edat, bağlaç, ünlem, fiil gibi kelime türlerinin sözlük kısmında yay ayraç içerisinde belirtilmemesi ve bunlara hangi ölçüte göre ne kadar yer verileceği meselesidir. Bu konuda kesin bir ölçüt bulunmamakla birlikte uygulamada bu daha çok derlenen metinlere, inceleme kısmındaki ses, şekil, kelime bilgisi ve danışman ile yazarın tercihine göre şekillenmektedir. Mevcut tezlerde sözlük kısmında ağırlıklı olarak isim soylu kelimelere yer verilirken diğer kelime türlerinin çoğu kere ihmal edildiği görülmektedir. Bu kelime türlerinden biri de birleşik fiillerdir. Yapılan yüksek lisans tez çalışmalarında adayların birleşik fiillere daha az yer verdikleri görülmektedir.

Bu çalışmada durumsal tasvir yöntemi kullanılarak 2012-2022 yılları arasında çeşitli üniversitelerde ağızlar sahasında yapılmış 20 adet yüksek lisans tezinin sözlük kısmı birleşik fiillerin ele alınışı yönünden incelenmiş ve sayısal olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Efficacy and Side Effects of Aripiprazole and Olanzapine in Patients with Psychotic Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghitoli Nima , Rezaie Leeba , Elahi Adele
Published: May 2023

Objectives: In clinical experience, selecting atypical antipsychotics optimally balancing their benefits and potential side effects is seen to improve treatment adherence in patients. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and side effect profiles of aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with psychotic disorders. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, the subjects were patients with psychotic disorders treated with aripiprazole and olanzapine. The subjects were randomly divided into two equally sized groups. One group was treated with olanzapine and the other group with aripiprazole. All participants were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale and side effects were monitored over a two-month follow-up period. Results: The participants comprised N = 76 patients (65 male; 11 female). Treatments with both aripiprazole (n = 38) and olanzapine (n = 38) were associated with a significant decrease in the severity of psychotic symptoms over the two-month treatment period. This decrease was achieved faster in the olanzapine group. There were no significant differences in the changes in body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar, triglyceride, or cholesterol between the two groups. A qualitative difference between the groups was found in their total sleep duration. Conclusions: Olanzapine was more effective than aripiprazole in reducing psychotic symptoms. There were no significant differences between the overall side effect profiles of the two drugs.
Impact of Clinical Pharmacists-driven Bundled Activities from Admission to Discharge on 90-day Hospital Readmissions and Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Al Abd Bayan Muhannad , Al-Maqbali Juhaina Salim , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Patient-centered clinical pharmacists’ activities play a major role in improving clinical outcomes by optimizing the efficacy of drug therapies and minimizing associated toxicities during hospitalization, at the transition of care, and upon discharge. We aimed to compare the impact of comprehensive versus partial clinical pharmacists-driven bundled of care services on the rate of 90-day hospital readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits. Methods: This retrospective study included all admitted patients who received a comprehensive or partial bundle of clinical pharmacy services (medication history, interventions, counseling, and discharge prescription review) from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. The comprehensive bundle of care included the four services, while the partial bundle of care included one, two, or three services only. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Results: The study included 430 patients with a mean age of 56.0±21.0 years, and 43.7% (n = 188) were male. Of the patients, 12.1% (n = 52) received a comprehensive bundle of care. Compared with the partial bundle of care group, the comprehensive bundle of care group had significantly more patients with diabetes (65.4% vs. 42.9%; p =0.002), ≥ 3 comorbidities (50.0% vs. 29.4%; p =0.003), and polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) (73.1% vs. 46.0%; p < 0.001). The comprehensive bundle of care group was significantly associated with a lower 90-day readmission rate (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.90–0.82; p =0.021) but not with ED visits (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.13–2.57; p =0.461). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant reduction in the 90-day readmission rate for patients on a comprehensive bundle of care but not ED visits. These findings emphasize the importance of the comprehensive services provided by clinical pharmacists on the healthcare resources use and clinical outcomes.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Trust Levels of Kyrgyzstan Residents, Using Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Choi Young-Chool
Published: May 2023

Objective: Kyrgyzstan, located in Central Asia, is a country which has a strong will to achieve national development. The aim of this study is to measure the levels of trust of local residents, a highly important factor in national development, and to derive suggestions for improving it. To this end, the primary means employed is to target the residents of Kyrgyzstan and measure the levels of trust they have towards each other.
Methods: The study uses data relating to aid projects for rural development that Korea’s Good Neighbors International organization (GNI) is jointly carrying out in Kyrgyzstan along with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), a Korean aid provider. In order to carry out the aid project to Kyrgyzstan, these organizations conducted a baseline survey at the initial stage, and the results of this study were used for analysis. As regards the analytical method used in this study, neural network analysis was employed for the questionnaire survey data of 583 people in Kyrgyzstan that was used for the baseline survey.
Results: Neural network analysis, a component of the big data analysis method, has recently been in the academic limelight. The analysis revealed that ethnicity had the greatest influence on the trust levels of Kyrgyzstan residents, followed by gender and education level, in that order.
Conclusions: From this, it can be seen that multifaceted efforts are needed to increase the levels of trust of peoples other than ethnic Kyrgyzstanis, as they occupy a central position in Kyrgyzstan.
Von Bismarck y su ¿predicción? sobre la compraventa de los secretos empresariales
Authors: Muruaga Herrero Pablo
Published: May 2023

La entrada en vigor de la Ley 1/2019, de 20 de febrero, de secretos empresariales supuso un avance cualitativo en la regulación de una categoría jurídica que, cuando menos, resulta conflictiva, al establecer un régimen completo de protección, supliendo de este modo la imposibilidad de que sean registrados. No obstante, el legislador decidió introducir en esta ley un novísimo capítulo, el tercero, dedicado al secreto empresarial como objeto del derecho de propiedad, proclamando como principio general de esta materia la libre transmisibilidad. Empero, a pesar de establecer tal principio, la regulación que propuso destaca por su parquedad, sin presentar un régimen completo de los negocios jurídicos que puedan tener como objeto un secreto empresarial, como sería la compraventa de secretos empresariales, en la que se centra este artículo. Así, ante la referida ausencia, se debe analizar la naturaleza de este negocio e intentar dotarle de un régimen completo, unitario e integrado en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Hides of animals Singed with Tyres, and Public Health Implications Associated with such Practice in Lokoja Metropolis
Authors: EBILOMA Innah Peter , SHAIBU Nemile Victoria
Published: May 2023

The safety of food has been an issue of concern in developing countries like Nigeria where the processing method can pose some environmental health challenge. The use of scrap automobile tires to singe meat has been reported to possess some toxic materials that can pose health challenge to humans. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in meat singed with fire wood and scrap tires in Lokoja, Nigeria. Samples of cattle hides singed with firewood and scrap tires were collected from four (4) different abattoirs and analyzed for the concentration of Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. There was significant increase in the concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb of the cattle hides singed with firewood and scrap tires when compared to the unsinged. The concentration of heavy metals for firewood singed cattle hide is within recommended Maximum Permissible Levels (MPLs) of the European Commission Regulations while the concentration of scrap tires is above the recommended Maximum Permissible Levels (MPLs) of the European Commission Regulations for Cu, Zn and Fe. Though there was increase in the concentration of Fe it is within the recommended Maximum Permissible Levels. The presence of heavy metals concentration above the permissible levels in cattle hides singed with scrap tires makes it unsafe for human consumption hence safer method should be adopted by the abattoirs.
DISAGGREGATED HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HIV PREVALENCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA : THE AUGMENTED SOLOW GROWTH MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the relationship among health expenditure, HIV prevalence and expansion of productive economic activities in West Africa using sub-regional aggregate time series data from 1992 to 2020. The augmented Solow growth model was adopted to enable us to understand  and maximize both the theoretical and empirical anatomy of HIV prevalence as it relates with the expansion of productive economic activities and disaggregated health expenditure in West Africa in the context of a growth theory and to conveniently apply the Hsiao causality framework in the form of a vector autoregressive model. The augmented Solow model theoretically made it possible for us to uniquely identify and specify six (6) bivariate hypotheses-supported models as sustainable fulcrums for the empirical application and validation of the Hsiao causality test. Health expenditure was disaggregated into total, public, household out-of-pocket, and non-household private health expenditures to specifically determine the impact of the relationship between the expansion of productive economic activities and HIV prevalence on each of these components of health expenditure. The results show that the total health expenditure-led growth and private health expenditure-led growth hypotheses were not validated for the sub-region. However, the growth-led total, growth-led public, and growth-led private health expenditure hypotheses are validated for the sub-region. Also, HIV prevalence-led total, HIV prevalence-led public, and HIV prevalence-led private health expenditure hypotheses are validated for West Africa. The study recommended that for sustainable inflows of total, public and private health expenditure into the sub-region, the expansion of productive and growth-enhancing economic activities and HIV mitigation policies should incorporate health expenditure policies both in the long, and short-run periods.

Keywords: Hsiao causality, HIV Prevalence, Health Expenditure, Economic Growth, 

Solow Model.

JEL CLASSIFICATION:C11, C18, I10, I150
OIL PRODUCTION - GDP NEXUS: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D
Published: May 2023

Several studies abound that concentrated on oil production and the environment, oil exploration and socio-economic conditions, contributions of crude oil consumption to the growth of the Nigerian state, etc. But there are no recent studies investigating the oil production- GDP nexus. Hence, the main goal of this study is to explore the contribution of  oil production to the national GDP from  an oil-dependent economy nexus. Annual time series data on oil production and its growth rate represented the oil production side of the nexus while GDP and its growth rate represented the GDP side of the nexus. We applied the three different econometric techniques: unit root test,  cointegration test, vector error correction and the Granger causality estimation techniques. Our results largely suggest that there exists a long-run joint and simultaneous

(bilateral performance) between GDPg and OILPRODg , and between GDP and OILPRODg; growth rate of GDP (GDPg) has negative coefficients in relation to its contribution to the growth of oil production (OILPRODg); and negative but statistically insignificant impact of the dependence of the growth rate of current OILPRODg on GDP. Furthermore, OILPRODg Granger caused GDPg as well as GDP,  and GDP does not Granger cause OILPROD. We recommend that oil production should be controlled and directed towards effective management of  GDP and economic growth outcomes in Nigeria

JEL Classification Code: O47, O55,Q32,Q43
COMMUNICATING HEALTH INFORMATION THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A SURVEY OF COOU FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES’ USAGE OF FLO PERIOD & OVULATION TRACKER
Authors: Gideon Uchechukwu NWAFOR,  , Nyerhovwo MUOBOGHARE  , Celestina Ogochukwu OSAFILE
Published: May 2023

Some years ago, period and fertility tracking consisted in taking records of one’s menstruation days online or offline. Nowadays, with the help of new technology, women can track a variety of symptoms, get advice on conceiving, explore pregnancy insights, and even manage irregular periods. A major breakthrough in this domain has recently been done by Flo Period Tracker – the first-period tracking app to publicly announce using artificial intelligence for improving cycle predictions. This study, therefore, evaluated the knowledge and usage of Flo Period and Ovulation Tracker among female students of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University to track their periods and ovulations to understand their sexual health and plan their sexual activities to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Anchored on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study adopted the survey method with a sample size of 384 drawn from a population of 10,267. The study found that the majority of the students have use the AI-assisted period and ovulation tracker Flo to track and monitor their periods and ovulations from time to time. However, it was found that the intention of usage differs as some use the app to monitor and plan their sexual activities others use the app to monitor their sexual health in the case of irregular menstruation and anovulation to seek medical treatment. The study recommended that Flo should be more interactive by adding voice to the app and be linked to various hospitals users can contact for fast medical attention.

Keywords: Health Information, Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge and Usage, Flo Period and Ovulation Tracker.
MISCONCEPTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF OIL COMPANIES ON THEIR HOST COMMUNITIES: A STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY AND COMMUNITIES IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nyerhovwo MUOBOGHARE  , Jammy Seigha GUANAH, Ph.D
Published: May 2023

Over time, there has been a strained relationship between the residents of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) due to the perceived inadequate implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by SPDC. SPDC, however, maintains that they are merely a company and cannot take on the role of the government in the development of the region. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the current perception of CSR among residents of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. It was anchored on Stakeholder theory. A secondary research was conducted to explore previous views and evolution of CSR, but it only provided insight into the concept without any conclusion. As a result, a primary research was carried out using an ethnographic qualitative method in eight oil-producing communities in Delta state, where the inhabitants were reluctant to disclose information to strangers. The findings revealed that while the residents had a favourable perception of CSR, they were inflexible in their insistence that it should be mandatory for SPDC to undertake CSR initiatives due to the environmental hazards resulting from the company's operations. It was recommended that public enlightenment programmes, on behalf of the SPDC/Government/Communities, could help change people's perception about who is responsible for what, and how the communities should be managed. It was also recommended that SPDC should strengthen its community relations team to interact more with the community and improve its corporate image.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Host Communities,  Misconception, Niger Delta, Oil Companies, SPDC.
Penerapan Metode Reward Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Online Learning
Authors: Khairil Anwar
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by a lack of teacher creativity in online teaching and learning activities, teachers often find it difficult when carrying out the learning process carried out in online-based learning applications due to lack of strategy and activeness of students during the learning process. With the online reward method for students in the learning process is a step to solve problems that exist in online learning today, especially in Arabic subjects. This research was conducted to see how much influence the Reward method has in online learning-based Arabic learning. The place of this research is at MTs Darul Huffaz Pesawaran. In this study, researchers used a quasi-experimental approach that tested the independent and dependent variables. As for the sampling technique, the researcher used a purposive sampling technique with 22 students in the experimental class (VIII-G) and 22 students in the control class (VIII-I). The data collection technique used is a test. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of the application of the reward method on students' Arabic learning outcomes, as evidenced by the results of the Independent Samples Test with a sig. (2-tailed) namely 0.000 <0.05.
Peran Guru pada Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Keagamaan Bagi Siswa MTs Sunan Ampel Krejengan Kab. Probolinggo
Authors: Hayani Nur , Fathullah Rusly  , Taufiqurrohman Rifa'i
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana guru mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak membantu siswa MTS sunan ampel krejengan mengembangkan nilai-nilai agama yang kuat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan langkah-langkah tertentu. Temuan ini menunjukkan betapa pentingnya bagi guru untuk mengajar kelas Aqidah Aqidah kepada siswa MTS untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai agama, mengingat dampak lingkungan modern yang besar pada anak-anak. Teknik ceramah dan metode pembiasaan merupakan metode yang digunakan guru untuk mengajarkan akhlak aqidah. Metode untuk memahami pentingnya mendidik siswa tentang moralitas aqidah ditinjau, khususnya yang telah digunakan di MTS Sunan Ampel Krejengan di wilayah Probolinggo.
PREVELANCE OF DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE FAMILIAL HISTORY VISITING ORTHODONTIC DEPARTMENT NISHTAR INSTITUE OF DENTISTRY
Authors: Shagufta Kanwal  , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Muhammad Ikrash Anjum  , Hira Khalid  , Fatima Altaf
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most commonly prevailing diseases. A positive family history is a strong risk factor for this disease. Diabetes has many oral manifestations, the most common of which is periodontal loss; this has deleterious effects on orthodontic tooth movement.

Therefore, orthodontic patients should be screened for diabetes to ensure proper management to minimize periodontal loss.

The aim of our study is to rule out the prevalence of diabetes with a positive familial history in orthodontic patients.

110 patients with positive family history were screened.

According to our research there was a 5.83 times greater chance of developing diabetes in a patient whose both parents were suffering from diabetes than a patient who had a single diabetic parent.

Every orthodontic patient suffering from diabetes should be referred to the concerned department for diabetic control and management to ensure the best orthodontic results.
COMPARISON OF RACECADOTRIL WITH ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION IN ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Amir Rashid  , Nazia Zaib  , Anum Arshad  , Muhammad Adil Khan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: A significant share (18%) of paediatric mortality is caused by diarrheal diseases. Children under the age of five are most susceptible to viral diarrhoea. In cases of acute watery diarrhoea, racecadotril, an anti-secretory medication, can limit fluid and electrolyte loss from the intestine without compromising intestinal motility.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the number of loose stools within the first 48 hours of admission between the children treated with and without Racecadotril, as well as the mean recovery time in children in both groups, in order to determine the efficacy of Racecadotril in treating acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 6 months to 5 years.

METHOD: It was a Randomized Controlled Trial that ran from October 2020 to March 2021 at the Paediatrics Department at LGH/PGMI/AMC Lahore. Patients were divided into two equal groups at random using a computer-generated random number table. Racecadotril (1.5 mg/kg body weight, orally three times per day for 5 days or until diarrhoea ceases, whichever happens first) was given to 100 patients in group A coupled with Low Osmolality ORS, while Low Osmolality ORS was given to 100 patients in group B. For testing of blood haemoglobin, blood urea and creatinine, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, and stool (pH, microscopic inspection, culture, and sensitivity), blood samples were sent to a hospital pathology lab. As per operational definition, recovery time was documented.

RESULTS: In our study, the mean recovery time was 37.88 hours in group A (racecadotril plus low osmolality ORS) and 47.40 hours in group B (low osmolality ORS), demonstrating a substantial reduction in recovery time of 20.08 percent (p value = 0.0026). The mean 48-hour stool frequency was 11.34 episodes in the Racecadotril + low osmolality ORS group and 14.98 episodes in the low osmolality ORS group, demonstrating a statistically significant decrease in stool frequency of 24.29 percent with the Racecadotril group (p value = 0.025). Faster recovery (20.08 percent) and a reduction of 20.52 percent in ORS consumption, which is comparable with earlier trials on Racecadotril conducted in children with acute watery diarrhoea.

CONCLUSION:  In managing children under the age of five who have acute watery diarrhoea, we came to the conclusion that there is a substantial difference in the mean recovery time when Racecadotril and Low Osmolality Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) are used in combination
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Lestari Bella Andrea , Vidiyastutik Elok Dwi , Hudzafidah Khusnik
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage secara simultan terhadap profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 2) Untuk mengetahui  pengaruh perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 3) Untuk mengetahui variabel diantara perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage yang berpengaruh dominan profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel perputaran modal kerja (X1) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) yaitu dengan nilai thitung > ttabel (3,348 ≥ 2.030) (sig. 0.025 ≤ 0.025). Dan variabel ukuran perusahaan (X2) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) dengan Nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (2.598  ≥  2.030) (sig. 0.004 ≤ 0.025). Variabel leverage (X3) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) dengan Nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (2.734  ≥  2.030) (sig. 0.008 ≤ 0.025).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO FRAUD TRIANGLE YANG MEMPENGARUHI FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD
Authors: Faidah Aminatul , Hendra Joni , Rustianawati Mutimmah
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor risiko fraud triangle terhadap financial statement fraud. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Jakarta Islamic Index pada tahun 2017-2019. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 21 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t, uji f serta uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel external pressure berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud, variabel change in auditor berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. Sedangkan variabel financial stability, financial target, personal financial need, nature of industry  dan ineffective monitoring tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial statement fraud.
PENGARUH INFLASI DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIAPERIODE 2016-2019
Authors: Ramadhani Gita Fadillah , Hendra Joni , Amani Tatik
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dilakukan terhadap Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2019 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi dan suku bunga secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap return saham. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian kuantitatif assosiatif dengan variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah inflasi dan suku bunga. Sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah return saham. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2019. Pemilihan sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sumber data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini melalui situs website Bank Indonesia dan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham yang dilihat dari nilai thitung 2,366 > ttabel  2,045 atau nilai signifikan 0,025 < 0,05. Dan suku bunga juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham yang dilihat dari nilai thitung  2,773 >  ttabel  2,045 atau nilai signifikasi 0,010 < 0,05.
ALTERAÇÕES HEMATOLÓGICAS INDUZIDAS PELO USO DE ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIOS NÃO ESTEROIDES
Authors: Miranda Alvaro Batista de , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

Os medicamentos são utilizados para fins terapêuticos de forma preventiva e curativa. Efeitos colaterais são esperados após o uso de um medicamento, já que eles ocasionam mudanças fisiológicas e biológicas através do seu mecanismo. Os Anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES) são a classe de medicamentos mais prescritos e vendidos no mundo. Eles são utilizados, principalmente, no tratamento de dores decorrente do processo inflamatório. O uso desses medicamentos trazem também reações adversas, dentre elas alterações hematológicas provocadas pelo seu uso. As ações dos anti-inflamatórios no sistema hematopoiético incluem leucopenia, anemia hemolítica e aplástica, como no caso dos fenamatos e dipirona, a qual são simultâneas para gerar agranulocitose, assim como o ibuprofeno pode provocar como efeito adverso a trombocitopenia.
Significant contribution of inland ships to the total NOx emissions along the Yangtze River
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , van der A Ronald , Ding Jieying , Zhang Xin , Yin Yan
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Despite the large number of domestic inland river vessels in
China, information on inland ship emissions is very limited, since
legislation for shipping emission control is limited and there is no
monitoring infrastructure. Taking the Yangtze River in the region of Nanjing
as a research area, we compiled a ship emission inventory based on real-time
information received from automatic identification system (AIS) signals
combined with ship-related data provided by the China Classification Society
(CCS) database. The total ship emissions we derived for the Jiangsu section
of the Yangtze River from September 2018 to August 2019 for NOx,
SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were 83.5, 0.04, 0.006 and 0.005 kt yr−1, respectively. This ship emission inventory we constructed was compared with the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Shipping
Emission Inventory Model (SEIM) and the satellite-derived emissions using
the Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations (DECSO) algorithm.
The results show a consistent spatial distribution, with riverine cities
having high NOx pollution. With this comparison we analyzed the
relative impact of ship emissions on densely populated regions along the
river. Inland ship emissions of NOx are shown to contribute
significantly, accounting for at least 40 % of air pollution close
to the river.
Local forcing mechanisms challenge parameterizations of ocean thermal forcing for Greenland tidewater glaciers
Authors: Hager Alexander O. , Sutherland David A. , Slater Donald A.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Frontal ablation has caused 32–66 % of Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss since 1972, and despite its importance in driving terminus change, ocean thermal forcing remains crudely incorporated into large-scale ice sheet models. In Greenland, local fjord-scale processes modify the magnitude of thermal forcing at the ice-ocean boundary but are too small scale to be resolved in current global climate models. For example, simulations used in the Ice Sheet Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) to predict future ice sheet change rely on the extrapolation of regional ocean water properties into fjords to drive terminus ablation. However, the accuracy of this approach has not previously been tested due to the scarcity of observations in Greenland fjords, as well as the inability of fjord-scale models to realistically incorporate icebergs. By employing the recently developed IceBerg package within the MITgcm, we here evaluate the ability of ocean thermal forcing parameterizations to predict thermal forcing at tidewater glacier termini. This is accomplished through sensitivity experiments using a set of idealized Greenland fjords each forced with equivalent ocean boundary conditions, but with varying tidal amplitudes, subglacial discharge, iceberg coverage, and bathymetry. Our results indicate that the bathymetric obstruction of external water is the primary control on near-glacier thermal forcing, followed by iceberg submarine melting. We find that grounding line thermal forcing varies by 2.9 °C across all simulations and is heavily dependent on the depth of bathymetric sills in relation to the Polar-Atlantic Water thermocline. However, using a common adjustment for fjord bathymetry we can still predict grounding line thermal forcing within 0.2 °C in our simulations. Finally, we introduce new parameterizations that account for iceberg-driven cooling that can accurately predict interior fjord thermal forcing profiles both in iceberg-laden simulations and in observations from Ilulissat Icefjord.
A critical trade-off between nitrogen quota and growth allows Coccolithus braarudii life cycle phases’ to exploit varying environment
Authors: de Vries Joost , Monteiro Fanny , Langer Gerald , Brownlee Colin , Wheeler Glen
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Coccolithophores have a distinct haplo-diplontic life cycle, which allows them to grow and divide in two different life cycle phases (haploid and diploid). These life cycle phases vary significantly in inorganic carbon content and morphology, and inhabit distinct niches, with haploids generally preferring low-nutrient and high-temperature and light environments. This niche contrast indicates different physiology of the life cycle phases, which is considered here in the context of a trait trade-off framework, in which a particular set of traits comes with both costs and benefits. However, coccolithophore's phase trade-offs are not fully identified, limiting our understanding of the functionality of the coccolithophore life cycle. Here, we investigate the response of the two life cycle phases of the coccolithophore Coccolithus braarudii to key environmental drivers: light, temperature and nutrients, using laboratory experiments. With this data, we identify the main trade-offs of each life cycle phase and use models to test the role of such trade-offs under different environmental conditions. The lab experiments show the life cycle phases have similar cell size, nitrogen requirement, uptake rates, and temperature and light optima. However, we find that they have different coccosphere sizes, maximum growth rates and nitrogen quotas. We also observe a trade-off between maximum growth rate and nitrogen quota, with higher growth rates and small nitrogen storage in the haploid phase and vice versa in the diploid phase. Testing these phase characteristics in the model, we find that the growth-quota trade-off allows C. braarudii to exploit variable nitrogen conditions more efficiently. Because while the diploid ability to store more nitrogen is advantageous when the nitrogen supply is intermittent, the higher haploid growth rate is advantageous when the nitrogen supply is constant. Although the ecological drivers of C. braarudii life cycle fitness are likely multi-faceted, spanning both top-down and bottom-up trait trade-offs, our results suggest that a trade-off between nitrogen storage and maximum growth rate is an essential bottom-up control on the distribution of C. braarudii life cycle phases.
It's Different Now
Authors: Clauss Christopher
Published: May 2023

A poem about teaching public school in a post-Columbine world.
A Worthy Piece of Work: The Untold Story of Madeline Morgan and the Fight for Black History in Schools
Authors: Klonsky Susan
Published: May 2023

Review of Michael Hines. The Untold Story of Madeline Morgan and the Fight for Black History in Schools.
Aucaes desterrados a la ciudad: Esclavitud y resiliencia indígena en Santiago de Chile (siglo XVII)
Authors: Valenzuela Márquez Jaime
Published: May 2023

El artículo explora el contexto y los avatares históricos de la población mapuche-huilliche que fue cautiva, esclavizada y desnaturalizada con destino a la capital de Chile durante el siglo XVII. Bajo la denominación quechua de auca, y luego de vivir la violencia de la guerra y el desarraigo de su deportación, se transformará en un actor fundamental entre la población indígena de la ciudad. Considerando que la mayoría eran infantes y mujeres, el servicio doméstico será un canal principal de inserción, al igual que los trabajos urbanos y las tareas agrícolas en las chacras de los suburbios. Se analiza el proceso de integración resiliente de estos aucaes, forzados a vivir en la ciudad, espacio caracterizado por una pluralidad socioétnica que posibilitó su interacción cotidiana con diversos sujetos subalternos (otros indios, afrodescendientes y mestizos, etc.). También se explora el papel que cumplió la Iglesia y sus prácticas sacramentales y devotas, así como los oficios urbanos, entendidos como espacios de arraigo, movilidad y reconstrucción de identidades. Por último, a modo de conclusión, se presenta el caso de un indígena hechicero que, aún en los albores del siglo XVIII, recogía en sus prácticas una serie de indicios y experiencias heredadas de la hibridación histórica que resultó de aquella inmigración secular forzada y de su incorporación al mundo colonial.
Selection of basic components of slag-forming mixture for single-step removal of impurities from cast iron
Authors:   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kislyakov V. H. , Togobitskaya D. M. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Molchanov L. S. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Rudenko O. L. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pushkarenko M. V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to research on the development of a variant of the component composition of the slag-forming mixture during complex processing of cast iron for the detection of such impurities as silicon, sulfur and phosphorus. The purpose of the work is to study the composition of soda-containing slag on its physical and chemical properties and to identify the optimal ratio of refining slag components. Using the structure of the model of the process of processing cast iron by injecting reagents into the melt volume through the immersion nozzle, the thermodynamic probability of reactions occurring in the primary zone (at the outlet of the reagents from the nozzle of the nozzle) and the secondary reaction zone formed when the reaction products flowing in primary reaction zone. The value of the equilibrium constants of the corresponding reactions was calculated to assess the priority of the course of reactions of the interaction of system components in the primary reaction zone. The conducted thermodynamic analysis of the simultaneous removal of sulfur and silicon from cast iron by blowing powdered lime in a stream of oxygen and introducing additional reduction into the melt made it possible to state that during the oxidation of silicon with gaseous oxygen for desulfurization of cast iron with the resulting slag, it is advisable to additionally introduce a reducing agent into the melt. The technological parameters and main results of the experimental study of the process of out-of-furnace desiliconization and desulfurization of cast iron by blowing slag-forming materials into 350 kg buckets at the experimental plant are presented. Based on the results, data were obtained on the influence of the basicity of soda-containing slag on its viscosity and temperature. Using the theory of directional chemical bonding, the influence of the basicity of soda-containing slag on its physical and chemical properties was studied, and the optimal ratios of refining slag components were found.
Research of technological parameters of hot variety rolling in the production of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant reinforcement rolling
Authors:   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Razdobreev V. G. , Palamar D. G. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kluychnikov K. Yu. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Leshchenko O. I. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the work is to adapt the computer mathematical model of the process of continuous grade rolling developed in the Department of Pressure Metal Processing (VOMT) of the Institute of Chemical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the study and prediction of the mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant reinforcing bars. Recently, stainless steel grades have been used as a material for such production of rebar. Such rental is usually used in the construction of responsible structures for special purposes of similar objects. Unfortunately, reinforcing bars from stainless steel grades are not produced in Ukraine. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the parameters of the technology of hot grade rolling and subsequent heat treatment from rolling heating in the production of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant reinforced rolled steel from stainless steel grades. Analytical studies were carried out with the help of a mathematical model for predicting mechanical properties developed at the Institute of Chemical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, adapted to the conditions of fine-grade state 250-1 of ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih PJSC. It has been established that in the production of thermally strengthened reinforcing bars of a periodic profile with a diameter of 12 mm (rolling start temperature 1150 °С and rolling speed 12.5 m/s), the current technology does not allow to obtain a finished rolled product above class A500 according to the norms of DSTU 3760:2019. This is due to high values of the temperature at the end of rolling Tk.pr.=1095-1109 °С. All investigated stainless steel grades have calculated values of the temperature at the end of rolling by 22-32 °C higher than for low-alloy steel grades. The analysis of research results showed that with a decrease in the initial rolling temperature and subsequent thermal strengthening of rebar No. 12 made of stainless steel grades, for example, according to the strengthening mode for class A600, it is possible to obtain a ready-made corrosion- and fire-resistant rebar with a conditional yield strength above 600 N/mm2. At the same time, the calculated values of plastic characteristics are on average 2 times higher than the normalized values of these properties of DSTU 3760:2019.