bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Selection for Salt Tolerance in Some Egyptian Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) via Tissue Culture
Authors: Sayed Ahmed MS El , Naggar Hoda MH El , Abbas Mohamed S , Gaber El Sayed I
Published: September 2016

Five wheat genotypes and their hybrids under four salinity (sea water) levels were considered for tissue culture and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The genotypes and the hybrids differed in their ability to callus induction, callus fresh weight and regeneration. Among the genotypes, Sakha 93 (P1) followed by Line WB19 (P5) was the most tolerant genotypes for salinity and gave the highest growth rate (46.6%) and (46.3%), respectively while Giza 168 (P3) was the most sensitive one to salinity with lowest growth rate (26.6%). All hybrids scored higher averages in callus growth rate than their parents. P1 × P5 followed by P1 × P2 and P1 × P4 produced the highest growth rate 75.6, 59.1 and 52.6% over hybrids while P3 × P4 had the lowest rate 28.5%, respectively. The hybrid P1 × P5 gave the highest percentage of plant regeneration over all genotypes and their hybrids followed P2 × P5, P1 × P2 and P4 × P5. The highest number of RAPD specific markers scored for hybrid P1 × P5 was (6 markers), while Line WB19 (P5), P1 × P2 and P2 × P5 were (4 markers). These markers can be verified as the RAPD markers associated with salt tolerance.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 25-36, 2016 (June)
In vitro Regeneration of Sweetgourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)
Authors: Kabir M Rezwan , Akhond MA Yousuf , Amin M Al , Haque M Shahidul
Published: September 2016

Cotyledon explants of sweetgourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) were cultured on MS supplemented with different concentrations of BAP alone and in combination with NAA, TDZ and 2,4?D. High shooting frequency (94.4%) was obtained from BARI Mistikumra?1 when cotyledon segments were cultured on MS with 4.44 ?M BAP alone. The highest number (8.9) of shoot development and minimum days (14.7) required for shoot induction were also observed in 4.44 ?M BAP treatment for BARI Mistikumra?1. In contrast, 83.3% shooting frequency were observed from BARI Mistikumra?2 producing 11.9 shoots in 8.4 days on 8.88 ?M BAP. The regenerated shoots of both varieties were rooted on half strength of MS and MS supplemented with 0.53 ?M NAA and 2.46 ?M IBA. Rooting was observed in BARI Mistikumra?1 with 92.6% frequency in 12.3 days whereas it took 8.6 days with 93.3% rooting frequency in BARI Mistikumra?2 when shoots were cultured on MS supplemented with 0.53 ?M NAA. Welldeveloped rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing sterile soil and covered with polythene bags in the greenhouse for hardening. The acclimated plants were planted in the field after three weeks.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 67-75, 2016 (June)
Optimization of Somatic Embryogenesis Protocol for Locally Adapted Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Varieties in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib M Ashraful , Muktadir M Abdul , Kabir M Rezwan , Mian MA Khaleque , Akhond MA Yousuf
Published: September 2016

Five eggplant cultivars were cultured on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4?D, resulting in the development of embryogenic calli. When the calli were subcultured onto growth regulator free MS, BARI Begun?4 produced the highest number of embryos (64) per explant followed by BARI Begun?1 (57). Later both the superior varieties in terms of embryo production were cultured on MS having 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l 2,4?D along with a control. BARI Begun?4 produced the highest number of embryos (67) on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4?D which was closely followed by BARI Begun?1 (62). Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil following acclimation.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 77-83, 2016 (June)
Development of Mutants in Sugarcane through Callus Culture
Authors: Mahmud Kuasha , Nasiruddin KM , Hossain MA , Hassan L
Published: September 2016

The effects of different concentrations (0.0 M, 0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.03 M for 24 hours treatment) of chemical mutagen like, ethyl methanesulfphonate (EMS) on callus derived from sugarcane var. Isd 37, Isd 39 and Isd 40 were investigated for in vitro plant regeneration. The highest number of shoots (58.33%) was reduced over control of Isd 40 followed by Isd 37 (57.62%) and Isd 39 (the lowest 56.06%), respectively due to the use of EMS for treating calli. The regeneration of mutant plantlets was achieved from EMS (0.01 M) treated calli obtained from leaf sheath explants on MS supplemented with 2, 4?D (3 mg/l) and 10% coconut water. Most of the mutant plants were developed from Isd 37. The developed mutant plants showed variation in tiller number, internode, green leaf, millable cane and stalk colour from the source variety of Isd 37.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 123-130, 2016 (June)
Direct Organogenesis of Glinus lotoides L. ? Antihelmintic Herb Using Nodal Segments
Authors: Teshome Shiferaw , Feyissa Tileye
Published: September 2016

Glinus lotoides L. is a valuable medicinal herb for the treatment of human and livestock ailments. However, it was listed under endangered plant species due to over utilization and lower seed viability. The purpose of this study has been to develop a micropropagation method from nodal segments of G. lotoides. MS containing various concentrations of Kn was used for culture induction. Best culture establishment (95%) and highest mean shoot number (2.45 ± 0.37) were achieved on a medium containing 1.5 mg/l Kn. Even though different concentrations of 6?benzyl aminopurine (BAP), Kn and ??naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were utilized for shoot proliferation, the highest number of shoots per nodal segment (3.66 ± 0.61) was attained in the medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA. Shoots were rooted on half strength MS containing IBA, IAA and NAA. In a medium containing 1.5 mg/l IBA, 5.80 ± 1.10 roots per shoot, 1.05 ± 0.10 cm root length and 100% root generation frequency were obtained. Plantlets were successfully established under greenhouse conditions with 94% survival rate and no aberrant plants were detected.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 131-141, 2016 (June)
Discrepancy in Vancomycin AUC/MIC Ratio Targeted Attainment Based upon the Susceptibility Testing in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Eum Seenae , Bergsbaken Robert , Harvey Craig , Warren J. , Rotschafer John
Published: September 2016

This study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus between a common automated system (Vitek 2) and the E-test method in patients with S. aureus bloodstream infections. At an area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) threshold of 400 mg∙h/L, we would have reached the current Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)/Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) guideline suggested AUC/MIC target in almost 100% of patients while using the Vitek 2 MIC data; however, we could only generate 40% target attainment while using E-test MIC data (p < 0.0001). An AUC of 450 mg∙h/L or greater was required to achieve 100% target attainment using either Vitek 2 or E-test MIC results.
Remembering ICC 16
Authors: Hohn Keith
Published: September 2016

Every four years, a group of outstanding individuals, the best in their ﬁeld, come together from all over the world.
The Blazar Sequence 2.0
Authors: Ghisellini Gabriele
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses the spectral energy distribution (SED) of all blazars with redshift detected by the Fermi satellite and listed in the 3LAC catalog. The so called “blazar sequence” from the phenomenological point of view will be updated, with no theory or modelling. It will be shown that: (i) pure data show that jet and accretion power are related; (ii) the updated blazar sequence maintains the properties of the old version, albeit with a less pronounced dominance of the γ-ray emission; (iii) at low bolometric luminosities, two different types of objects have the same high energy power: low black hole mass flat spectrum radio quasars and high mass BL Lacs. Therefore, at low luminosities, there is a very large dispersion of SED shapes; (iv) in low power BL Lacs, the contribution of the host galaxy is important. Remarkably, the luminosity distribution of the host galaxies of BL Lacs are spread in a very narrow range; (v) a simple sum of two smoothly joining power laws can describe the blazar SEDs very well.
The Built Environment—A Missing “Cause of the Causes” of Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Walls Kelvin , Boulic Mikael , Boddy John
Published: September 2016

The United Nations “25 × 25 Strategy” of decreasing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases, by 25% by 2025 does not appear to take into account all causes of NCDs. Its focus is on a few diseases, which are often linked with life-style factors with “voluntary” “modifiable behavioral risk factors” causes tending towards an over-simplification of the issues. We propose to add some aspects of our built environment related to hazardous building materials, and detailed form of the construction of infrastructure and buildings, which we think are some of the missing causes of NCDs. Some of these could be termed “involuntary causes”, as they relate to factors that are beyond the control of the general public.
Relationship between Pesticide Metabolites, Cytokine Patterns, and Asthma-Related Outcomes in Rural Women Workers
Authors: Mwanga Hussein , Dalvie Mohamed , Singh Tanusha , Channa Kalavati , Jeebhay Mohamed
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides with serum cytokine patterns and asthma-related outcomes among rural women workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among rural women (n = 211), including those working and living on farms and nearby town dwellers. Pesticide exposure was assessed using urinary metabolite concentrations of OP and PYR pesticides. Health outcome assessment was ascertained through the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and serum cytokines associated with asthma. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 11%, adult-onset asthma 9%, and current asthma 6%. In this population, the proportion of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13) detectable in subjects was between 18% and 40%, while the proportion of non-Th2 cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and interferon gamma) was between 35% and 71%. Most Th2 and non-Th2 cytokines were positively associated with either OP or PYR metabolites. Non-Th2 cytokines showed much stronger associations with OP metabolites (Dimethyl phosphate OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 1.54–11.65) than Th2 cytokines (Dimethyl phosphate OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.83–3.46). This study suggests that exposure to most OP and some PYR pesticides may be associated with asthma-related cytokines, with non-Th2 cytokines demonstrating consistently stronger relationships.
Prey-Mediated Effects of Drought on the Consumption Rates of Coccinellid Predators of Elatobium abietinum
Authors: Banfield-Zanin Jennifer , Leather Simon
Published: September 2016

Climate change in the UK is predicted to cause an increase in summer drought events. Elatobium abietinum is an important pest of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), causing defoliation of trees, and is predicted to become more abundant in response to climatic change, reducing spruce productivity. Populations are also moderated by invertebrate predators, though the extent to which this might be modified under a changing climate is unclear. Elatobium abietinum is preyed upon by the coccinellid species Aphidecta obliterata (a spruce specialist) and Adalia bipunctata (a generalist), populations of which naturally occur in spruce plantations. This study sought to investigate the effect of different intensities and frequencies of drought on the consumption rate of the aphids by the two coccinellids. In Petri dish trials, severe drought stress increased the consumption rates of 3rd instar aphids by both adult and larval coccinellids. Moderate intermittent stress tended to result in a reduced consumption rate for larval coccinellids only, suggesting an age-dependent response. The findings of this study suggest that, under drought conditions, a prey-mediated effect on predator consumption, and, therefore, biocontrol efficacy, is likely, with drought intensity and frequency playing an important role in determining the nature of the response.
Distribution and Excretion of Arsenic Metabolites after Oral Administration of Seafood-Related Organoarsenicals in Rats
Authors: Kobayashi Yayoi , Hirano Seishiro
Published: September 2016

Less information is available on the metabolism of organic arsenicals compared to inorganic arsenic in mammals. In the present study, we investigated tissue distribution, metabolism and excretion in rats of organoarsenicals, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine (AC) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAOV). Among these animals, arsenic concentrations in red blood cells (RBCs) and spleen increased remarkably only in the DMAV group. Hepatic arsenic concentration increased significantly only in the AC group. Approximately 17%, 72% and 60% of the dose was excreted in urine in two days in the DMAV, AB and AC groups, respectively; virtually the entire dose was excreted in urine in one day in the TMAOV group. On the other hand, approximately 18%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.1% of the dose was excreted in feces in two days in the DMAV, AB, AC and TMAOV groups, respectively. A large amount of arsenic was accumulated in RBCs in the form of protein-bound dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), and dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV), a reportedly toxic thio-arsenical, was found in urine and fecal extract in the DMAV group. These results suggest that intake of DMAV is a potential health hazard, given that the metabolites of DMAV, such as DMAIII and DMMTAV, are known to be highly toxic.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl) Benzoxazoles
Authors: Al-Harthy Thuraya , Zoghaib Wajdi , Pflüger Maren , Schöpel Miriam , Önder Kamil , Reitsammer Maria , Hundsberger Harald , Stoll Raphael , Abdel-Jalil Raid
Published: September 2016

To design new compounds suitable as starting points for anticancer drug development, we have synthesized a novel series of benzoxazoles with pharmaceutically advantageous piperazine and fluorine moieties attached to them. The newly synthesized benzoxazoles and their corresponding precursors were evaluated for cytotoxicity on human A-549 lung carcinoma cells and non-cancer HepaRG hepatocyes. Some of these new benzoxazoles show potential anticancer activity, while two of the intermediates show lung cancer selective properties at low concentrations where healthy cells are unaffected, indicating a selectivity window for anticancer compounds.
Analysis of Abnormal Intra-QRS Potentials in Signal-Averaged Electrocardiograms Using a Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Lin Chun-Cheng
Published: September 2016

Abnormal intra-QRS potentials (AIQPs) are commonly observed in patients at high risk for ventricular tachycardia. We present a method for approximating a measured QRS complex using a non-linear neural network with all radial basis functions having the same smoothness. We extracted the high frequency, but low amplitude intra-QRS potentials using the approximation error to identify possible ventricular tachycardia. With a specified number of neurons, we performed an orthogonal least squares algorithm to determine the center of each Gaussian radial basis function. We found that the AIQP estimation error arising from part of the normal QRS complex could cause clinicians to misjudge patients with ventricular tachycardia. Our results also show that it is possible to correct this misjudgment by combining multiple AIQP parameters estimated using various spread parameters and numbers of neurons. Clinical trials demonstrate that higher AIQP-to-QRS ratios in the X, Y and Z leads are visible in patients with ventricular tachycardia than in normal subjects. A linear combination of 60 AIQP-to-QRS ratios can achieve 100% specificity, 90% sensitivity, and 95.8% total prediction accuracy for diagnosing ventricular tachycardia.
Molecular Characterization of a Trisegmented Mycovirus from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Zhong Jie , Pang Xi , Zhu Hong , Gao Bi , Huang Wen , Zhou Qian
Published: September 2016

A novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, consisting of three dsRNA genome segments and possibly belonging to the family Chrysoviridae, was isolated from the filamentous phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and designated as Colletotrichum gloeosprioides chrysovirus 1 (CgCV1). The three dsRNAs of the CgCV1 genome with lengths of 3397, 2869, and 2630 bp (dsRNAs1–3) were found to contain a single open reading frame (ORF) putatively encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a capsid protein, and a protease, respectively, all of which exhibited some degree of sequence similarity to the comparable putative proteins encoded by the genus Chrysovirus. The 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions in each dsRNA segment contained similar sequences that were strictly conserved at the termini. Moreover, isometric virus-like particles (VLPs) with a diameter of approximately 40 nm were extracted from fungal mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved dsRNA1-encoded RdRp showed that CgCV1 is a new virus belonging to the Chrysoviridae family. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of CgCV1-like sequences in the chromosomes of Medicago truncatula and Solanum tuberosum. Moreover, some sequences in the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) library and expressed sequence tag database (ESTdb) of other eudicot and monocot plants were also found to be related to CgCV1.
Auguste de Molins. Un artiste à Java dans Le Tour du monde (1864)
Authors: Labrousse Pierre
Published: September 2016

The Swiss artist Auguste de Molins is known for his travelogue in the Dutch Indies first published in Le Tour du monde (1864) and translated into Dutch two years later. The circumstances of his stay in Java (1858-1861) are unclear. His unconventional personality and his traveling habits allowed him to observe closely the daily life of the common people of Java ; consequently he reacted against the colonial oppression and all manifestations of violence. Along with Auguste Borget he represents a new generation of artist-travelers.
Interrelationships Among Central Javanese Temples: The Example of Asu, Lumbung and Pendem
Authors: Degroot Véronique , J. Klokke Marijke
Published: September 2016

Interrelations parmi des temples de Java Central : l’exemple d’Asu, Lumbung et Pendem

Dans cet article, les auteurs souhaitent démontrer comment de nouvelles recherches en archéologie et en histoire de l’art livrent des informations complémentaires et une meilleure compréhension des relations entre temples de Java Central. Trois temples peu connus, à savoir Asu, Lumbung et Pendem, situés à l’est de la ville actuelle de Magelang, sont étudiés ici comme exemples. La comparaison de l’orientation, du plan, du profil et de l’ornementation suggèrent fortement que la construction de Pendem précède celles de Lumbung et Asu. La période d’occupation de la zone à proximité des temples s’étend (au moins) de 830 environ jusqu’à la fin du IXe siècle. Aucun temple bouddhique n’étant connu durant cette phase finale de construction de temples, les auteurs suggèrent que Asu et Lumbung, ayant été bâtis durant cette période, sont sivaïtes, alors que Pendem a pu être hindou ou bouddhique. Ces trois temples ne formaient pas un complexe religieux isolé, mais se trouvaient à un point stratégique du paysage, à l’extrémité occidentale de la route reliant la plaine de Kedu à la région de Boyolali. Les constructions successives de Pendem, Asu et enfin Lumbung reflèteraient alors l’importance croissante, vers la fin de la période de Java Central, des régions orientales et de la route Klaten-Salatiga-Semarang.
Glass from China and from India: Finds of Vessel Glass from Fourteenth Century Singapore
Authors: Borell Brigitte
Published: September 2016

The paper presents two different groups of vessel glass fragments found in fourteenth century Singapore. They differ in almost every aspect of size, shape, technique, and chemical composition of their glass. The first group consists of small, apparently core-formed vessels with polychrome decoration. The second group represents a selection of blown glass vessels characterised by their peculiar rim shape. The paper explores the stylistic, typological, and technical relation of the glass vessels in their historical context. According to the chemical analyses the glass of the first group originates from China, whereas that of the second group from South Asia. The find distribution of related glassware in Southeast Asia reflects the flow of such luxury commodities along the maritime trade routes, emphasising the geographical situation of Singapore “ between two oceans” : the South China Sea and – via the Strait of Malacca – the Indian Ocean.
Glass Material from Singapore
Authors: Dussubieux Laure
Published: September 2016

Verre de Singapour

Trente et une analyses par spectrométrie de masse à plasma induit couplée à un système d’ablation laser ont été effectuées sur un ensemble d’objets constitué de perles et de fragments polychromes de récipients en verre retrouvés sur l’île de Singapour et datés du XIVe siècle de notre ère. Deux types de compositions et, par conséquent, deux types de recettes ont été identifiés pour ces objets. Trois échantillons de vaisselle de verre ont une composition riche en aluminium typique d’une production indienne. Les autres échantillons contiennent des quantités relativement élevées de plomb qui caractérisent le verre produit en Chine. La concentration des éléments traces révèle que deux types de verres au plomb ont été utilisés et que, par conséquent, les objets proviennent certainement de deux ateliers distincts. La similitude entre la composition de certaines perles et de certains fragments de récipients laisse supposer que du verre ait pu être recyclé.
Bayt al-rijâl : premier cimetière royal du sultanat d’Aceh [Épigraphie islamique d’Aceh. 4]
Authors: Kalus Ludvik , Guillot Claude
Published: September 2016

Bayt al-rijâl : First Royal Graveyard of the Sultanate of Aceh. [ Islamic Epigraphy of Aceh. 4]

This paper presents the Arabic inscriptions found upon the tombstones of the most ancient cemetery of the sultanate of Aceh, today called Kandang XII but known under the Arabic name of Bayt al-rijâl in the 16th century. They relate to the members of the first Acehnese dynasty, that of Makota Alam, who reigned from c. 1524 until 1579. The authors endeavor to make the names of the epitaphs tally with the characters depicted by the local historical chronicles where they are often quoted under surnames.
What the Tamils Said: A Letter from the Kelings of Melaka (1527)
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay
Published: September 2016

What the Tamils Said : A Letter from the Kelings of Melaka (1527).

In September 1527, some sixteen years after the conquest of Melaka by Afonso de Albuquerque, the Keling (or Tamil-speaking) merchants of the town addressed a collective letter or petition to the King of Portugal Dom João III. The text of the letter is in Portuguese, followed by brief notations by the merchants in Tamil. It has been known to scholars at least since the time it was described by the Jesuit historian Georg Schurhammer, but has not been closely analysed hitherto. This essay presents a reading and translation of the letter itself, as well as the larger context for its production. It points to the difficult relations between the Portuguese and the Tamils, who although ostensibly allied with them, nevertheless found that their interests diverged. This was in large measure because of the assertive claims of the Portuguese casados, or private merchants, who had already emerged as a pressure-group in the Indian Ocean by this time. In the longer term, we see that the rival claims of casados and Kelings would be resolved in favour of the former, and that the Tamil-speaking merchants of Melaka were eventually to suffer a decline. This accounts for their dispersion to other ports and commercial centres.
Les ursulines à Java : un siècle d’éducation catholique (1856-1956)
Authors: Madinier Rémy
Published: September 2016

The Ursulines in Java : A Century of Catholic Education (1856-1956)

Being the first catholic order to settle in the Netherlands East Indies in 1856, the ursulines experienced a great expansion in Java during almost a century. Based on the archives of the order stored in Rome, this article explores this history and highlights the contradictions in the collective memory of the nuns, torn between their ideal of a missionary apostolate in a distant land and the reality of local expectations, namely the education of girls belonging to the upper classes of colonial society. Despite the spectacular development of their activities in the archipelago, it was in fact only from the 1920s that the ursulines began timidly to open the door to indigenous society. Secluded in two ways – inside their convents and as part of the isolated European environment – the ursulines were kept away from the souls they were hoping to convert for a long time. In that sense, their history probably represents one of the most striking examples of the ambiguities of missionary activities in a colonial context.
Itḥāf al-dhakī by Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī: A Commentary of Waḥdat al- Wujūd for Jāwī Audiences
Authors: Fathurahman Oman
Published: September 2016

Itḥāf al-dhakī par Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī : un commentaire du Waḥdat al-Wujūd pour des publics Jāwī

Cet article est une introduction à la pensée d''Ibrāhīm ibn Ỏasan al-Kūrānī relative aux concepts mystiques et théologiques islamiques discutés dans l’un de ses traités soufis, le Itḥāf al-dhakī, en fait l’une des rares sources arabes adressées à la communauté musulmane Jāwī d’Insulinde au cours du XVIIe siècle. En tant que tel, ce texte est un élément important pour l’histoire socio-intellectuelle de la région. Il concerne les enseignements des sept niveaux (Martabat Tujuh), très populaires en Insulinde à l’époque. Le Itḥāf al-dhakī, probablement
La population ensevelie et les traitements funéraires des corps au second âge du Fer en Picardie
Authors: Pinard Estelle , Delattre Valérie , Thouvenot Sylvain
Published: September 2016

Dans le cadre du Projet d’Action Scientifique Inrap «Les gestuelles funéraires au second âge du Fer en Picardie » , une base de données regroupant 70 sites funéraires en Picardie et ses marges, datés du Ve au Ier siècle avant notre ère et fouillés récemment, a été constituée. Ce projet a pour but la caractérisation des gestuelles et la modélisation des chaînes opératoires, pour la mise en évidence de variations chronologiques, régionales, sociales et/ ou culturelles. Il s’articule autour de plusieurs thèmes, dont celui, ambitieux et transversal de «la population » . Fondée sur cette base de données, une étude synthétique de la population ensevelie a été envisagée, au même titre qu’ont été analysés les traitements et agencements des corps selon que l’individu a été inhumé ou incinéré.
Nouvelles données archéologiques sur la ville de Saint-Quentin : le diagnostic de la Rue Émile Zola
Authors: Hosdez Christophe , Chaidron Cyrille , Morel Alexia
Published: September 2016

Bei einer Ausgrabung in einer Insula im Zentrum des antiken und mittelalterlichen Saint-Quentin wurde eine Straße mit ihren Säulengängen und Rinnsteinen sowie ein Teil der angrenzenden Häuser freigelegt. Wir haben die Entwicklung dieser Straße von ihrem Bau bis zu ihrer Aufgabe im Laufe des 3. Jahrhunderts beobachtet. Die Rinnsteine, die beidseitig der Fahrbahn verliefen, waren mit Holz verschalt. Die Gehwege auf beiden Seiten der Straße waren überdacht. Im Laufe der zweiten Hälfte des 3. Jahrhunderts wurden die Häuser verlassen. Den Beobachtungen vor Ort zufolge müssen die Reste der Straßenführung und der antiken Bauten sichtbar geblieben sein, da die mittelalterlichen Gebäude an der Stelle der antiken Wohnhäuser errichtet worden zu sein scheinen. Die Ausgrabung von drei antiken Strukturen hat Mobiliar zutage gefördert, das eine Studie der Keramik erlaubt. Ziel der Studie ist es den Grundstein für die Definition der antiken Fundhorizonte von Saint-Quentin zu definieren. Die im Bereich der Straße und in den antiken Strukturen entdeckten Metallobjekte waren
L’architecture domestique des sites du 3e millénaire avant notre ère dans le Nord de la France
Authors: Joseph Frédéric , Julien Maël , Leroy-Langelin Emmanuelle , Lorin Yann , Praud Ivan
Published: September 2016

Die Zunahme der Entdeckungen in Nordwestfrankreich erlaubt es, eine erste Bilanz der endneolithischen Siedlungsarchitektur zu ziehen. Von mehreren im Laufe der ersten Hälfte des 3. Jahrtausends vor unserer Zeit, während der größten Ausbreitung der sog. Deûle-Escaut-Gruppe, errichteten Holzbauten konnten die gut erhaltenen Grundrisse komplett rekonstruiert, in ihren geographischen Kontext eingeordnet und in Hinsicht auf ihre Größe und Konstruktionstechniken miteinander verglichen werden. Die unterschiedlichen Architekturformen entsprechen vermutlich unterschiedlichen Funktionen. Einige imposante Gebäude weisen einen unleugbaren Prunkcharakter auf ; einige Fundplätze liegen in Einhegungen, die von Palisaden umgeben sind. Am anderen Ende des Areals liegt eine kleine Anzahl von Gebäuden bescheidenen Ausmaßes in Bereichen ohne Umfriedung, zudem wurde eine größere Anzahl von Gebäuden mittlerer Größe, mit einer Fläche von über 100 m ² entdeckt. Trotz offensichtlicher Unterschiede sind die Ähnlichkeiten zahlreich. Die Beibehaltung der Proportionen in der Organisation der Innenflächen und die Übertragung der Architekturmodelle über relativ weite Entfernungen veranschaulichen, dass das Wissen zwischen 2900 und 2400 vor unserer Zeit weitergegeben wurde.

Die morphologischen Variationen dieser Wohnstrukturen über fünf Jahrhunderte, bieten die Gelegenheit ein typochronologisches Entwicklungsmodell für Nordfrankreich vorzuschlagen.
Secteurs « néolithiques » et présence du groupe de Gord à Mer "Les Portes de Chambord II" (Loir-et-Cher) par
Authors: Hauzeur Anne , Irribarria Roland , Poitevin Grégory , Cherdo François
Published: September 2016

Bei einer groß angelegten Grabung des INRAP 2008 in Mer " Les Portes de Chambord II“ wurden zwei Ensembles mit lithischem Mobiliar freigelegt. Zwei Strukturen wurden analysiert und haben dem Endneolithikum zuweisbares Keramik-und Steinmaterial geliefert. In der Struktur F1517 sind drei Keramikkategorien vertreten. Die erste beinhaltet kleine Gefäße mit rundem oder flachem nicht überstehendem Boden, deren Wandungen die dünnsten des Corpus sind und in einigen Fällen sogar eine glänzende Oberfläche aufweisen. Das zweite Ensemble gröberer Machart umfasst große Gefäße mit flachem Boden, dicker Wandung, darunter kegelstumpfförmige, sogenannte " Blumentöpfe“. Viele dieser Gefäße besitzen horizontale Griffzungen. Eine dritte und letzte Kategorie besteht aus Schöpfern und Löffeln, die in dieser Struktur besonders zahlreich sind fast systematisch einen gräulichen Überzug aufweisen. Das Steinmaterial zählt überwiegend auf sehr unterschiedlichen Grundformen gearbeitete sog. microdenticulés -eine umgearbeitete Pfeilspitze inbegriffen -sowie Fragmente eines geschliffenen Beils und die Griffangel eines Dolchs des Pressignen-Typs.

Am Südrand des Plateaus der Beauce im mittleren Loire-Tal gelegen könnten nur le Quessoy und le Gord einen regionalen Einfluss auf die Gemeinschaft von Mer ausgeübt haben. Alle in Mer vorhandenen Keramikformen weisen Parallelen mit dem namengebenden Fundplatz Gord, mit Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen im Departement Somme und mit Ecury-le-Repos im Departement Marne auf. Wenn die Gord-Gruppe das Loire-Tal erreicht hat, dann ist die Frage berechtigt stellen, ob Kontakte mit den meridionalen Gruppen der Matignons und des Peu-Richard bestanden haben
L’occupation Michelsberg de Pont-de-Bonne "Rocher du Vieux-Château" (Modave, Province de Liège, Belgique). Présentation liminaire
Authors: Delye Emmanuel , Gilson Simon-Pierre , Noiret Pierre
Published: September 2016

Bei den Grabungen auf dem versperrten Felssporn von Pont-de-Bonne (Modave, Provinz Lüttich, Belgien) wurden Artefakte aus dem Mittelneolithikum zutage gefördert. Kürzlich wurden bei der Freilegung des Eingangsbereichs der Befestigungsanlage ein Pfostenloch und eine Zone mit verstreutem Abfall

untersucht. Diese Strukturen enthielten umfangreiches archäologisches Fundmaterial (Keramik, Stein-und Knochenartefakte, Knochen). Drei radiometrische Datierungen wurden durchgeführt. Die Keramik ist überwiegend für die belgische Michelsberger Kultur charakteristisch, ein dekoriertes Gefäß weist Ähnlichkeiten mit der Bischheimer Gruppe auf.
Fosses étroites aux parois sub-verticales dans le Nord de la France : élaboration d’une démarche interdisciplinaire et premiers résultats
Authors: Fechner Kai , Wattez Julia , Chevalier Alexandre , Loicq Sabine , Verdin Pascal , Durand Juliette , Riquier Vincent , David Christian , Durand Stéphane , Bostyn Françoise , Lemaire Patrick , Achard-Corompt Nathalie , Paillès Christine , Moreau Catherine , Lorin Yann , Kasprzyk Michel , Fournand Sandrine , Desbrosse Vincent , Berga Alain
Published: September 2016

Depuis quelques années, des archéologues s’interrogent sur la fonction de certaines fosses assez profondes, à base nettement rétrécie, aux parois inférieures sub-verticales et dont la plupart ont une fourchette globale allant du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze. L’interdisciplinarité et l’application des disciplines paléoenvironnementales nous semblent déterminantes pour fournir des arguments concrets permettant à l’avenir de discriminer les différentes propositions fonctionnelles actuelles et d’apporter des éléments constitutifs d’une démonstration. L’objectif de cette contribution est surtout d’ouvrir le débat et ce en commençant par proposer de nouvelles rubriques au sein d’une future base de données archéologique et environnementale. . Cette contribution est complémentaire de celle d’Achard et al. sur le même sujet.
Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (Aisne). Les "étomelles" huit siècles d’occupation (IVe avant J.-C. - IVe après J.-C.)
Authors: Hénon Bénédicte , Auxiette Ginette , Bauvais Sylvain , Gransar Frédéric , Legros Vincent , Monchablon Cécile , Pissot Véronique , Robert Bruno , Ben Redjeb Tahar
Published: September 2016

à proximité de l’oppidum de Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, et de la ville de Soissons, le site des " étomelles" est occupé ponctuellement durant le mésolithique, puis plus ou moins durablement entre le second âge du Fer et la période antique.

L’espace est d’abord voué au stockage comme en témoigne la batterie de silos (La Tène B/ C) qui regroupe une soixantaine de structures inégalement réparties sur une surface d’un hectare. Puis durant La Tène C1, un petit cimetière regroupant trois tombes de défunts au rang social plutôt élevé s’implante en périphérie de

cette batterie de silos. Pendant La Tène D1, un établissement est créé, dont l’occupation durera une centaine d’années sans modification majeure. L’organisation en est assez classique, mais la singularité du site réside dans la présence de puits et d’un fossé monumental, large et profond, qui n’enclot pas le site mais paraît plutôt en être le coeur. Entre les années -50 et + 50, l’activité est très réduite et/ ou s’est déplacée hors des zones explorées. Lorsque le site reprend son essor durant la deuxième moitié du premier siècle de notre ère, l’établissement gaulois, dont les fossés sont comblés, n’est plus visible dans le paysage. Ce nouvel habitat sera utilisé durant plus de trois siècles, jusqu’au début du IVe siècle, avec plusieurs phases de réaménagement.
THE EXTREMELY LOW ACTIVITY COMET 209P/LINEAR DURING ITS EXTRAORDINARY CLOSE APPROACH IN 2014
Authors: Schleicher David G. , knight Matthew m.
Published: September 2016

We present results from our observing campaign of Comet 209P/LINEAR during its exceptionally close approach to Earth during 2014 May, the third smallest perigee of any comet in two centuries. These circumstances permitted us to pursue several studies of this intrinsically faint object, including measurements of gas and dust production rates, searching for coma morphology, and direct detection of the nucleus to measure its properties. Indeed, we successfully measured the lowest water production rates of an intact comet in over 35 years and a corresponding smallest active area, ∼0.007 km2. When combined with the nucleus size found from radar, this also yields the smallest active fraction for any comet, ∼0.024%. In all, this strongly suggests that 209P/LINEAR is on its way to becoming an inert object. The nucleus was detected but could not easily be disentangled from the inner coma due to seeing variations and changing spatial scales. Even so, we were able to measure a double-peaked lightcurve consistent with the shorter of two viable rotational periods found by Hergenrother. Radial profiles of the dust coma are quite steep, similar to that observed for some other very anemic comets, and suggest that vaporizing icy grains are present.
FINE-SCALE PHOTOSPHERIC CONNECTIONS OF ELLERMAN BOMBS
Authors: Yang Heesu , Chae Jongchul , Lim Eun-Kyung , Song Donguk , Cho Kyuhyoun , Kwak Hannah , Yurchyshyn Vasyl B , Kim Yeon-Han
Published: September 2016

We investigate the photospheric and magnetic field structures associated with Ellerman bombs (EBs) using the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. The nine observed EBs were accompanied by elongated granule-like features (EGFs) that showed transverse motions prior to the EBs with an average speed of about 3.8 km s−1. Each EGF consisted of a sub-arcsecond bright core encircled by a dark lane around its moving front. The bright core appeared in the TiO broadband filter images and in the far wings of the Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å lines. In four EBs, the bi-directional expanding motion of the EGFs was identified in the TiO images. In those cases, the EGFs were found to be accompanied by an emerging flux (EF). In four other EBs, the EGF developed at the edge of a penumbra and traveled in the sunspot’s radial direction. The EGFs in these cases were identified as a moving magnetic feature (MMF). Our results show a clear connection among the magnetic elements, photospheric features, and EBs. This result suggests that the EBs result from magnetic reconnection forced by EFs or MMFs that are frequently manifested by EGFs.
THE GAMMA-RAY SOURCE AGL J2241+4454 AS THE POSSIBLE COUNTERPART OF MWC 656
Authors: Munar-Adrover Pere , Sabatini S. , Piano Giovanni , Tavani Marco , Nguyen L. H. , Lucarelli F. , Verrecchia F. , Pittori C.
Published: September 2016

AGILE discovered the transient source AGL J2241+4454 in 2010, which triggered the study of the associated field allowing for the discovery of the first Be/black hole binary system: MWC 656. This binary was suggested to be the counterpart of AGL J2241+4454, but this association is still not robust. In this work we explore the archival AGILE and Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) data to find more transient events compatible with AGL J2241+4454 and address the possibility to link them to the accretion/ejection processes of MWC 656. We found a total of nine other transient events with AGILE compatible with the position of AGL J2241+4454, besides the 2010 one. We folded these events with the period of the binary system and we could not associate the gamma-ray activity with any particular orbital phase. By stacking the 10 transient events we obtained a spectrum that extends between 100 MeV and 1 GeV, and we fitted it with a power law with a photon index

. We searched the Fermi/LAT data in order to complement the gamma-ray information provided by AGILE but no significant results arose. To investigate this apparent contradiction between these telescopes, we studied the exposure of the field of AGL J2241+4454 in both instruments, and found significant differences. In particular, AGILE exposed, for a longer time and at a lower off-axis angular distance, the field of AGL J2241+4454. This fact, together with the energy-dependent sensitivity of both instruments, and the soft spectrum found in the stacking analysis, might explain why AGILE observed the transient events not seen by Fermi/LAT.
SUN-TO-EARTH CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 2012 JULY 12 CORONAL MASS EJECTION AND ASSOCIATED GEO-EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Hu Huidong , Liu Ying D. , Wang Rui , Möstl Christian , Yang Zhongwei
Published: September 2016

We analyze multi-spacecraft observations associated with the 2012 July 12 coronal mass ejection (CME), covering the source region on the Sun from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, stereoscopic imaging observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), magnetic field characteristics from Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER), and type II radio burst and in situ measurements from Wind. A triangulation method based on STEREO stereoscopic observations is employed to determine the kinematics of the CME, and the outcome is compared with the results derived from the type II radio burst using a solar wind electron density model. A Grad–Shafranov technique is applied to Wind in situ data to reconstruct the flux-rope structure and compare it with the observations of the solar source region, which helps in understanding the geo-effectiveness associated with the CME structure. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) the CME undergoes an impulsive acceleration, a rapid deceleration before reaching MESSENGER, and then a gradual deceleration out to 1 au, which should be considered in CME kinematics models; (2) the type II radio burst was probably produced from a high-density interaction region between the CME-driven shock and a nearby streamer or from the shock flank with lower heights, which implies uncertainties in the determination of CME kinematics using solely type II radio bursts; (3) the flux-rope orientation and chirality deduced from in situ reconstructions at Wind agree with those obtained from solar source observations; (4) the prolonged southward magnetic field near the Earth is mainly from the axial component of the largely southward inclined flux rope, which indicates the importance of predicting both the flux-rope orientation and magnetic field components in geomagnetic activity forecasting.
Investigating the Roles of Neuroscience and Knowledge Management in Higher Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: September 2016

This chapter explains the current trends in higher education, the overview of neuroscience, the multifaceted applications of neuroscience, the overview of knowledge management (KM), the perspectives of KM, the significance of neuroscience in higher education, and the significance of KM in higher education. Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary science that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the nervous system. KM is the practice of organizing, storing, and sharing vital information, so that individuals can benefit from its use. The achievement of neuroscience and KM is required in higher education institutions (HEIs) in order to serve school administrators and students, increase educational performance, sustain competitiveness, and fulfill expected accomplishment in higher education. The chapter argues that encouraging neuroscience and KM has the potential to improve educational performance and reach educational goals in higher education.
“Theory of IRE with (α,β,γ) Norm”
Authors: Biswas Ranjit
Published: September 2016

This chapter introduces a new theory called by “Theory of IRE with (a,ß,?) Norm” which provides an almost complete solution for Higher Education Management (HEM) & Policy Administration in any vast country like India, China, France, Germany, Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia, USA, UK, Canada, Gulf countries and others in the world. The “Theory of IRE with (a,ß,?) Norm” is an engineering model for solving HEM problems, basically seven major problems which are about: (i) How To Continuously Monitor The Real Time Progress of Research Work of the Ph.D. Scholars in the Universities/Institutions in any country by a Common Rule of the ‘Ministry of HRD' (ii) A New Improved Method for Recruitment of Teachers in Universities (iii) A New Method for Promotion Policy of Teachers In Universities (iv) How to select the ‘Most Suitable Candidate' for the various prestigious awards/honors in a country (v) How to restrict the publications of bad quality research papers in fake/bad journals? (vi) How to select the true experts for every visiting team of NAAC of UGC? and (vii) How to select the ‘Most Suitable Candidates' to fill-up the reserved quota. It is claimed that if this new theory be implemented by the ‘Ministry of HRD (MHRD)' in all its universities/institutions, then a huge amount of quality-assurance can be achieved in pursuance of Excellence in Higher Education Management & Policy Administration in that Country.
The Evolving Discourse of the Purpose of Higher Education
Authors: Runté Mary , Runté Robert
Published: September 2016

A brief historical overview of the evolution of the public discourse of the purpose of higher education is undertaken to provide context for current debates over investment in, and reform of, post-secondary education. Four separate discourses are identified: higher education for enlightenment, to develop human capital, as manpower management, and as consumerism. The dominant discourse of the purpose of higher education is shown to have changed from learning for its own sake to an emphasis on manpower planning and consumerism. The separate assumptions and implications of these distinct discourses are often confabulated with little apparent awareness of the contradictory nature of rhetoric drawn from more than one discourse at a time. The authors provide a simple analytical framework to cut through the confusion.
Global Higher Education and VUCA – Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity
Authors: Lemoine Pamela A. , Hackett P. Thomas , Richardson Michael D.
Published: September 2016

VUCA describes today's chaotic, turbulent, and rapidly changing education environment, which is the new educational normal. VUCA; volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, terms coined for the military world also describes today's education world. As a result, educational leaders face the uncertainty of workforce reductions and budget cuts affecting the process of increasing student performance. In addition, rapid changes in technology are constant and ambiguity reigns as mandates for change increase In today's education world VUCA, the chaotic “new normal” is real. The financial crisis of 2008-2009, for example, rendered many businesses obsolete, and organizations throughout the world were plunged into turbulent economic environments. At the same time, rapid changes marched forward as technological developments like social media exploded, the world's population continued to simultaneously grow and age, and global disasters disrupted lives, economies, and businesses. In the new normal, higher education institutions are caught in a critically demanding and increasing unknown present and future characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity.