bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 assessment in family practice—A clinical decision rule based on self-rated symptoms and contact history
Authors: Schneider Antonius , Rauscher Katharina , Kellerer Christina , Linde Klaus , Kneissl Frederike , Hapfelmeier Alexander
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contact history and clinical symptoms and to develop decision rules for ruling-in and ruling-out SARS-CoV-2 infection in family practice. We performed a prospective diagnostic study. Consecutive inclusion of patients coming for COVID-PCR testing to 19 general practices. Contact history and self-reported symptoms served as index test. PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs served as reference standard. Complete data were available from 1141 patients, 605 (53.0%) female, average age 42.2 years, 182 (16.0%) COVID-PCR positive. Multivariable logistic regression showed highest odds ratios (ORs) for “contact with infected person” (OR 9.22, 95% CI 5.61–15.41), anosmia/ageusia (8.79, 4.89–15.95), fever (4.25, 2.56–7.09), and “sudden disease onset” (2.52, 1.55–4.14). Patients with “contact with infected person” or “anosmia/ageusia” with or without self-reported “fever” had a high probability of COVID infection up to 84.8%. Negative response to the four items “contact with infected person, anosmia/ageusia, fever, sudden disease onset” showed a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–0.99). This was present in 446 (39.1%) patients. NPV of “completely asymptomatic,” “no contact,” “no risk area” was 1.0 (0.96–1.0). This was present in 84 (7.4%) patients. To conclude, the combination of four key items allowed exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection with high certainty. With the goal of 100% exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the population level, COVID-PCR testing could be saved only for patients with negative response in all items. The decision rule might also help for ruling-in SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of rapid assessment of infection risk.
Influence of the first wave of COVID-19 on asthma inhaler prescriptions
Authors: Bloom C. I. , Wong E. , Hickman K. , Elkin S.
Published: November 2021

In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were major concerns regarding the huge demand for asthma inhalers. Using the primary-care medical records for 614,700 asthma patients between January and June 2020, we found that there was a substantial increase in inhalers solely in March 2020. Patients significantly associated with receiving higher inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions were younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and had milder asthma.
Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation
Authors: Saito Akatsuki , Irie Takashi , Suzuki Rigel , Maemura Tadashi , Nasser Hesham , Uriu Keiya , Kosugi Yusuke , Shirakawa Kotaro , Sadamasu Kenji , Kimura Izumi , Ito Jumpei , Wu Jiaqi , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Ito Mutsumi , Yamayoshi Seiya , Loeber Samantha , Tsuda Masumi , Wang Lei , Ozono Seiya , Butlertanaka Erika P. , Tanaka Yuri L. , Shimizu Ryo , Shimizu Kenta , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Kawabata Ryoko , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Tokunaga Kenzo , Yoshida Isao , Asakura Hiroyuki , Nagashima Mami , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Imai Masaki ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Chiba Mika , Furihata Hirotake , Hasebe Haruyo , Kitazato Kazuko , Kubo Haruko , Misawa Naoko , Morizako Nanami , Noda Kohei , Oide Akiko , Suganami Mai , Takahashi Miyoko , Tsushima Kana , Yokoyama Miyabishara , Yuan Yue , Tanaka Shinya , Nakagawa So , Ikeda Terumasa , Fukuhara Takasuke , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Sato Kei
Published: November 2021

During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of mutations have accumulated in the viral genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and, at the time of writing, four variants of concern are considered to be potentially hazardous to human society1. The recently emerged B.1.617.2/Delta variant of concern is closely associated with the COVID-19 surge that occurred in India in the spring of 2021 (ref. 2). However, the virological properties of B.1.617.2/Delta remain unclear. Here we show that the B.1.617.2/Delta variant is highly fusogenic and notably more pathogenic than prototypic SARS-CoV-2 in infected hamsters. The P681R mutation in the spike protein, which is highly conserved in this lineage, facilitates cleavage of the spike protein and enhances viral fusogenicity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the P681R-bearing virus exhibits higher pathogenicity compared with its parental virus. Our data suggest that the P681R mutation is a hallmark of the virological phenotype of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant and is associated with enhanced pathogenicity.
Mechanisms of asymmetry in sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole revealed by closed heat budget
Authors: Nakazato Mai , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki
Published: November 2021

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an interannual climate mode of the tropical Indian Ocean. Although it is known that negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern pole during the positive IOD are stronger than positive SST anomalies during the negative IOD, no consensus has been reached on the relative importance of various mechanisms that contribute to this asymmetry. Based on a closed mixed layer heat budget analysis using a regional ocean model, here we show for the first time that the vertical mixing plays an important role in causing such asymmetry in SST anomalies in addition to the contributions from the nonlinear advection and the thermocline feedback proposed by previous studies. A decomposition of the vertical mixing term indicates that nonlinearity in the anomalous vertical temperature gradient associated with subsurface temperature anomalies and anomalous vertical mixing coefficients is the main driver of such asymmetry. Such variations in subsurface temperature are induced by the anomalous southeasterly trade winds along the Indonesian coast that modulate the thermocline depth through coastal upwelling/downwelling. Thus, the thermocline feedback contributes to the SST asymmetry not through the vertical advection as previously suggested, but via the vertical mixing.
Deciphering the generating rules and functionalities of complex networks
Authors: Xiao Xiongye , Chen Hanlong , Bogdan Paul
Published: November 2021

Network theory helps us understand, analyze, model, and design various complex systems. Complex networks encode the complex topology and structural interactions of various systems in nature. To mine the multiscale coupling, heterogeneity, and complexity of natural and technological systems, we need expressive and rigorous mathematical tools that can help us understand the growth, topology, dynamics, multiscale structures, and functionalities of complex networks and their interrelationships. Towards this end, we construct the node-based fractal dimension (NFD) and the node-based multifractal analysis (NMFA) framework to reveal the generating rules and quantify the scale-dependent topology and multifractal features of a dynamic complex network. We propose novel indicators for measuring the degree of complexity, heterogeneity, and asymmetry of network structures, as well as the structure distance between networks. This formalism provides new insights on learning the energy and phase transitions in the networked systems and can help us understand the multiple generating mechanisms governing the network evolution.
A new mathematical modeling approach for thermal exploration efficiency under different geothermal well layout conditions
Authors: Gao Junyi , Shi Qipeng
Published: November 2021

The water temperature at the outlet of the production well is an important index for evaluating efficient geothermal exploration. The arrangement mode of injection wells and production wells directly affects the temperature distribution of the production wells. However, there is little information about the effect of different injection and production wells on the temperature field of production wells and rock mass, so it is critical to solve this problem. To study the influence mechanism of geothermal well arrangement mode on thermal exploration efficiency, the conceptual model of four geothermal wells is constructed by using discrete element software, and the influence law of different arrangement modes of four geothermal wells on rock mass temperature distribution is calculated and analyzed. The results indicated that the maximum water temperature at the outlet of the production well was 84.0 °C due to the thermal superposition effect of the rock mass between the adjacent injection wells and between the adjacent production wells. Inversely, the minimum water temperature at the outlet of the production well was 50.4 °C, which was determined by the convection heat transfer between the water flow and the rock between the interval injection wells and the interval production wells. When the position of the model injection well and production well was adjusted, the isothermal number line of rock mass was almost the same in value, but the direction of water flow and heat transfer was opposite. The study presented a novel mathematical modeling approach for calculating thermal exploration efficiency under various geothermal well layout conditions.
A nonlinear fractional-order damage model of stress relaxation of net-like red soil
Authors: Wang Mingwu , Xu Xinyu , Liu Qiuyan , Ding Yingxun , Shen Fengqiang
Published: November 2021

It is essential to precisely describe the nonlinear characteristics of the stress relaxation behavior to ensure the long-term stability of geotechnical structures in the net-like red soil. A novel damage model of variable fractional-order was discussed here to accurately analyze the progress of stress relaxation for the net-like red soil. Moreover, unsaturated triaxial experiments on stress relaxation under a step-loading mode were performed to identify model parameters and investigate the nonlinear relaxation characteristics of the net-like red soil. The feasibility and validity of the proposed model were furthermore verified by comparisons with the experimental results and fitting curves obtained from the Nishihara model and the generalized Kelvin model. Results show that the analytical result by the proposed model is consistent with the measured data, and the proposed model can better depict the nonlinear characteristics of stress relaxation relative to other analytical models. It can better exhibit the relaxation evolution of soil compared with the conventional models.
A chitosan fiber as green material for removing Cr(VI) ions and Cu(II) ions pollutants
Authors: Zhang Shujie , Zhang Yating , Fu Lisong , Jing Mengke
Published: November 2021

The application shell uses cellulose as a green and recyclable fiber material, which has great value in the field of water treatment environment. Varying factors, including pH value, dosage of CS, reaction time and original Cr(VI) ions and Cu(II) ions were studied to investigate the Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions removal efficiency. The obtained shell trichlorocellulose has better permeability to copper ions, which is mainly due to the different oxide states of copper ions and chromium ions in a pH environment, which lead to different combinations. The price of shell cellulose neutralization is relatively low. Metal ions have better absorption properties. The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process of copper ions by chitosan yarns were discussed. The adsorption process of copper ions conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation. It can be fitted by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption of copper ions by the yarn is a spontaneous thermal reaction with both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Compared with chromium ions, chitosan fibers have better adsorption of copper ions, which is mainly because the amino groups in chitosan fibers can have good chelation with copper ions. SEM, FTIR, XRD were used to characterize the adsorption of copper ions by chitosan fibers, and the mechanism of the adsorption of metal ions by chitosan fibers was explored.
The correlation between graphene characteristic parameters and resonant frequencies by Monte Carlo based stochastic finite element model
Authors: Chu Liu , Shi Jiajia , de Cursi Eduardo Souza
Published: November 2021

The uncertainty and fluctuations in graphene characteristic parameters are inevitable issues in both of experimental measurements and numerical investigations. In this paper, the correlations between characteristic parameters (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and thickness of graphene) and resonant frequencies are analyzed by the Monte Carlo based stochastic finite element model. Based on the Monte Carlo stochastic sampling procedure, the uncertainty in the characteristic parameters are properly propagated and quantified. The displacements and rotation modes of graphene under the resonant vibration computed by the finite element method are verified. Furthermore, the result robustness of stochastic samples is discussed based on the statistic records and probability density distributions. In addition, both the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients of the corresponding characteristic parameters are calculated and compared. The work in this paper provides a feasible and highly efficient method for the characteristic parameter correlation discussion by taking uncertainty into consideration.
Impact of the distal resection margin on local recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and rectal excision for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Song Seung Ho , Park Jun Seok , Choi Gyu-Seog , Seo An Na , Park Soo Yeun , Kim Hye Jin , Lee Sung-Min , Yoon Ghilsuk
Published: November 2021

We aimed to evaluate whether a short distal resection margin (< 1 cm) was associated with local recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by curative surgery were divided into two groups based on the distal resection margin (≥ 1 cm and < 1 cm). In total, 507 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 48.9 months. The 3-year local recurrence rates were 2% and 8% in the ≥ 1 cm and < 1 cm groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that a distal resection margin of < 1 cm was a significant risk factor for local recurrence (P = 0.008). Subgroup analysis revealed that a distal resection margin of < 1 cm was not an independent risk factor for local recurrence in the ypT0–1 group. However, among patients with tumor stages ypT2–4, the cumulative 3-year incidences of local recurrence were 2.3% and 9.8% in the ≥ 1 cm and < 1 cm groups, respectively (P = 0.01). A distal resection margin of < 1 cm might influence local recurrence rates in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy, especially in patients with tumor stages ypT2–4.
Bone defect map of the true acetabulum in hip dysplasia (Crowe type II and III) based on three-dimensional image reconstruction analysis
Authors: Wen Xinggui , Zuo Jianlin , Liu Tong , Gao Zhongli , Xiao Jianlin
Published: November 2021

The high hip center technique (HHC) is considered to be feasible for acetabular reconstruction in patients with DDH, but there is little in-depth study of its specific impact on Crowe type II and III DDH. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze the effect of HHC on bone coverage of the cup (CC) in the acetabular reconstruction of type II and III DDH patients and to propose a map of acetabular bone defects from the perspective of the cup. Forty-nine hip CT data of 39 patients with DDH (Crowe type II and III) were collected to simulate acetabular reconstruction by cup models of different sizes (diameter 38mm–50 mm, 2 mm increment) with the HHC technique. The frequency distribution was plotted by overlapping the portions of the 44 mm cups that were not covered by the host bone. The mean CC of cups with sizes of 38 mm, 40 mm, 42 mm, 44 mm, 46 mm, 48 mm, and 50 mm at the true acetabula were 77.85%, 76.71%, 75.73%, 74.56%, 73.68%, 72.51%, and 71.75%, respectively, and the maximum CC increments were 21.24%, 21.58%, 20.86%, 20.04%, 18.62%, 17.18%, and 15.42% (P < 0.001), respectively, after the cups were elevated from the true acetabula. The bone defect map shows that 95% of type II and III DDH acetabula had posterosuperior bone defects, and approximately 60% were located outside the force line of the hip joint. Acetabular cups can meet a CC of more than 70% at the true acetabulum, and approximately 60% of Crowe type II and III DDH patients can obtain satisfactory CC at the true acetabulum by using a 44-mm cup without additional operations.
Cycloalkane-modified amphiphilic polymers provide direct extraction of membrane proteins for CryoEM analysis
Authors: Higgins Anna J. , Flynn Alex J. , Marconnet Anaïs , Musgrove Laura J. , Postis Vincent L. G. , Lippiat Jonathan D. , Chung Chun-wa , Ceska Tom , Zoonens Manuela , Sobott Frank , Muench Stephen P.
Published: November 2021

Membrane proteins are essential for cellular growth, signalling and homeostasis, making up a large proportion of therapeutic targets. However, the necessity for a solubilising agent to extract them from the membrane creates challenges in their structural and functional study. Although amphipols have been very effective for single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) and mass spectrometry, they rely on initial detergent extraction before exchange into the amphipol environment. Therefore, circumventing this pre-requirement would be a big advantage. Here we use an alternative type of amphipol: a cycloalkane-modified amphiphile polymer (CyclAPol) to extract Escherichia coli AcrB directly from the membrane and demonstrate that the protein can be isolated in a one-step purification with the resultant cryoEM structure achieving 3.2 Å resolution. Together this work shows that cycloalkane amphipols provide a powerful approach for the study of membrane proteins, allowing native extraction and high-resolution structure determination by cryoEM.
Landomycins as glutathione-depleting agents and natural fluorescent probes for cellular Michael adduct-dependent quinone metabolism
Authors: Terenzi Alessio , La Franca Mery , van Schoonhoven Sushilla , Panchuk Rostyslav , Martínez Álvaro , Heffeter Petra , Gober Redding , Pirker Christine , Vician Petra , Kowol Christian R. , Stoika Rostyslav , Salassa Luca , Rohr Jürgen , Berger Walter
Published: November 2021

Landomycins are angucyclines with promising antineoplastic activity produced by Streptomyces bacteria. The aglycone landomycinone is the distinctive core, while the oligosaccharide chain differs within derivatives. Herein, we report that landomycins spontaneously form Michael adducts with biothiols, including reduced cysteine and glutathione, both cell-free or intracellularly involving the benz[a]anthraquinone moiety of landomycinone. While landomycins generally do not display emissive properties, the respective Michael adducts exerted intense blue fluorescence in a glycosidic chain-dependent manner. This allowed label-free tracking of the short-lived nature of the mono-SH-adduct followed by oxygen-dependent evolution with addition of another SH-group. Accordingly, hypoxia distinctly stabilized the fluorescent mono-adduct. While extracellular adduct formation completely blocked the cytotoxic activity of landomycins, intracellularly it led to massively decreased reduced glutathione levels. Accordingly, landomycin E strongly synergized with glutathione-depleting agents like menadione but exerted reduced activity under hypoxia. Summarizing, landomycins represent natural glutathione-depleting agents and fluorescence probes for intracellular anthraquinone-based angucycline metabolism.
Computing cliques and cavities in networks
Authors: Shi Dinghua , Chen Zhifeng , Sun Xiang , Chen Qinghua , Ma Chuang , Lou Yang , Chen Guanrong
Published: November 2021

Complex networks contain complete subgraphs such as nodes, edges, triangles, etc., referred to as simplices and cliques of different orders. Notably, cavities consisting of higher-order cliques play an important role in brain functions. Since searching for maximum cliques is an NP-complete problem, we use k-core decomposition to determine the computability of a given network. For a computable network, we design a search method with an implementable algorithm for finding cliques of different orders, obtaining also the Euler characteristic number. Then, we compute the Betti numbers by using the ranks of boundary matrices of adjacent cliques. Furthermore, we design an optimized algorithm for finding cavities of different orders. Finally, we apply the algorithm to the neuronal network of C. elegans with data from one typical dataset, and find all of its cliques and some cavities of different orders, providing a basis for further mathematical analysis and computation of its structure and function.
A near-infrared optical nanosensor for measuring aerobic respiration in microbial systems
Authors: Saccomano Samuel C. , Cash Kevin J.
Published: November 2021

We developed a ratiometric optical oxygen nanosensor using a near-infrared oxygen indicator and a stable reference dye. We demonstrated its applicability through a microwell plate assay in which we observed oxygen consumption in brewing yeast.
A deep-red-emission antimony(iii) chloride with dual-cations: extremely large Stokes shift due to high [SbCl6] distortion
Authors: Peng Ying-Chen , Zhang Zhi-Zhuan , Lin Yang-Peng , Jin Jian-Ce , Zhuang Ting-Hui , Gong Liao-Kuo , Wang Ze-Ping , Du Ke-Zhao , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: November 2021

Presented is the first example of a [Sb(iii)Cl6]-based zero-dimensional metal halide with dual-organic-cations that shows deep-red emission with extremely large Stokes shift owing to high anion distortion.
Catalytic regioselective construction of phenylthio- and phenoxyldifluoroalkyl tetrazoles from difluorodiazoketones
Authors: Shi Hong-Song , Li Shuo-Han , Zhang Fa-Guang , Ma Jun-An
Published: November 2021

Two bench-stable difluorodiazoketone reagents have been designed, synthesized, and utilised in a silver-catalysed regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with aryldiazonium salts.
[Mes-B-TMP]+ borinium cation initiated cyanosilylation and catalysed hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes
Authors: Chen Po-Han , Hsu Ching-Pei , Tseng Hsi-Ching , Liu Yi-Hung , Chiu Ching-Wen
Published: November 2021

Aryl amino borinium cation can serve as the catalyst for hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes.
Collision-induced dissociation of protonated uracil water clusters probed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zheng Linjie , Cuny Jérôme , Zamith Sébastien , L'Hermite Jean-Marc , Rapacioli Mathias
Published: November 2021

Collision-induced dissociation experiments of hydrated molecular species can provide a wealth of important information.
The determination of the HOR/HER reaction mechanism from experimental kinetic data
Authors: Prats Hector , Chan Karen
Published: November 2021

A correct kinetic analysis of HOR/HER requires steady-state polarization curves and also account for the impact of H coverage and mass transport.
The electron that breaks the catalyst's back – excited state dynamics in intermediates of molecular photocatalysts
Authors: Müller Carolin , Friedländer Ilse , Bagemihl Benedikt , Rau Sven , Dietzek-Ivanšić Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Transient absorption spectroelectrochemistry reveals that the singly reduced bridging ligand in a prototype molecular catalyst light driven proton reduction does not allow for electron transfer to the catalytic center – breaking the catalyst's back.
New structurally diverse photoactive cadmium coordination polymers
Authors: Wang Ning , Long Bing-Fan , Yin Xian-Hong , Huang Zhong-jing , Mi Yan , Hu Fei-Long , Young David James
Published: November 2021

Four photoactive cadmium coordination polymers were obtained by adjusting ligand geometries and reaction conditions. Only one CC centre in adjacent CH3-bpeb molecules underwent solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization in all four cases.
Mixed NHC–thiolato complexes of palladium: understanding the formation of di-versus mononuclear complexes
Authors: Huynh Han Vinh , Ong Hong Lee , Ghatak Kausani
Published: November 2021

Formations of mono- vs. dinuclear NHC/thiolato PdII complexes were rationalized. NHC cis to thiolato favors monopalladium complexes, while a trans position leads to bimetallic species with μ-thiolatos due to increased electron density at sulfur.
Three novel metal–organic frameworks with different coordination modes for trace detection of anthrax biomarkers
Authors: Cong Zhenzhong , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Yao Wei , Kosinova Marina , Fedin Vladimir P. , Wu Shuangyan , Gao Enjun
Published: November 2021

Three novel MOFs were synthesized in this paper to detect DPA in fetal calf serum with the advantages of high stability, rapid response time, high selectivity and sensitivity.
Giant performance improvement of triboelectric nanogenerator systems achieved by matched inductor design
Authors: Wang Zhao , Tang Qian , Shan Chuncai , Du Yan , He Wencong , Fu Shaoke , Li Gui , Liu Anping , Liu Wenlin , Hu Chenguo
Published: November 2021

We proposed a universal design strategy of a matched inductor for TENG with parameters studied from both theory and experiments systematically. The results show giant performance improvement for TENG system.
Designing wearable microgrids: towards autonomous sustainable on-body energy management
Authors: Yin Lu , Kim Kyeong Nam , Trifonov Alexander , Podhajny Tatiana , Wang Joseph
Published: November 2021

Inspired by traditional energy-autonomous microgrids, this perspective summarizes the key design and energy-budgeting considerations and outlook of integrated wearable systems.
Correction: Thermochemical wastewater valorization via enhanced microbial toxicity tolerance
Authors: Jayakody Lahiru N. , Johnson Christopher W. , Whitham Jason M. , Giannone Richard J. , Black Brenna A. , Cleveland Nicholas S. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Michener William E. , Olstad Jessica L. , Vardon Derek R. , Brown Robert C. , Brown Steven D. , Hettich Robert L. , Guss Adam M. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Thermochemical wastewater valorization via enhanced microbial toxicity tolerance’ by Lahiru N. Jayakody et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 1625–1638, DOI: 10.1039/C8EE00460A.
Recent progress in the development of electrocatalysts for the electrochemical N2reduction reaction
Authors: Bhunia Kousik , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Satpathy Biraj Kanta , Pradhan Debabrata
Published: November 2021

Ammonia is the second-most produced chemical throughout the world to maintain the global food supply and other chemical stocks.
Photopolymerized superhydrophobic hybrid coating enabled by dual-purpose tetrapodal ZnO for liquid/liquid separation
Authors: Li Chenxuan , Lee Brian , Wang Chenxu , Bajpayee Aayushi , Douglas Lacey D. , Phillips Bailey K. , Yu Guanghua , Rivera-Gonzalez Natalia , Peng Bo-ji , Jiang Zhiyuan , Sue Hung-Jue , Banerjee Sarbajit , Fang Lei
Published: November 2021

Dual purposed ZnO tetrapods promote photopolymerization of methacrylates and provide surface roughness for superhydrophobicity. Large area photochemical fabrication of hybrid coating is demonstrated for liquid/liquid separation applications.
Two-step preparation of Keggin-PW12@UIO-66 composite showing high-activity and long-life conversion of soybean oil into biodiesel
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Song Xinluo , Li Shicong , Zhao Bangyao , Tong Liangliang , Wang Yuanrui , Li Yafeng
Published: November 2021

A Keggin-PW12@UIO-66 composite has been synthesized solvothermally through a two-step process and employed as a solid acid catalyst to convert soybean oil into biodiesel.
Copper-catalyzed in situ oxidative-coupling for one-pot synthesis of 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Qianqian , Wang Shilei , Zhu Gongming , Zhu Anlian , Li Lingjun
Published: November 2021

A new reaction system with CuCl as catalyst, TEA as base and O2/chloramine-T as oxidant was developed for one-pot in situ oxidative-coupling to synthesize 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in this paper.
Adjusting the electronic properties and contact types of graphene/F-diamane-like C4F2 van der Waals heterostructure: a first principles study
Authors: Do Thi-Nga , Nguyen Son-Tung , Nguyen Cuong Q.
Published: November 2021

We perform a first principles study to investigate the atomic structure, electronic properties and contact types of the graphene/F-diamane-like C4F2 heterostructure.
Ultra-sensitive, durable and stretchable ionic skins with biomimetic micronanostructures for multi-signal detection, high-precision motion monitoring, and underwater sensing
Authors: Ma Lili , Wang Jiaxin , He Jinmei , Yao Yali , Zhu Xuedan , Peng Lei , Yang Jie , Liu Xiangrong , Qu Mengnan
Published: November 2021

A mechanically durable, highly stretchable, and ultra-sensitive ionogel-based i-skin (MIS) with a biomimetic micronanostructure has been fabricated. Moreover, the resultant MIS-based sensors with high sensitivity and durability are competent in multifarious application settings.
Reprogramming the redox states of nickel via interface engineering and heteroatom doping to boost overall water splitting
Authors: Lai Wei , Ge Lihong , Yang Hua , Deng Yilin , Li Huaming , Ouyang Bo , Xu Li , Bao Jian
Published: November 2021

This work demonstrates a dual strategy combining heteroatom doping + heterostructure engineering to adjust the valence states of metal reactive sites for efficient overall water splitting, and the catalytic mechanisms.
Harnessing superhydrophobic coatings for enhancing the surface corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys
Authors: Gu Rong , Shen Jie , Hao Qing , Wang Jinghong , Li Dan , Hu Liang , Chen Hong
Published: November 2021

A superhydrophobic Mg alloy was obtained by depositing SiO2-F NPs in the presence of PDA, presenting excellent capability against corrosion.
Detection of subcellular nitric oxide in mitochondria using a pyrylium probe: assays in cell cultures and peripheral blood
Authors: Muñoz Resta Ignacio , Bedrina Begoña , Martínez-Planes Elena , Minguela Alfredo , Galindo Francisco
Published: November 2021

A pyrylium based fluorescent probe is able to detect mitochondrial nitric oxide and to discriminate phagocytic from non-phagocytic leukocytes.
A superconducting boron allotrope featuring anticlinal pentapyramids
Authors: Cui Zhi , Yang Qiuping , Qu Xin , Zhang Xiaohua , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun
Published: November 2021

A distinctive boron allotrope is found by removing the Sr atoms in pressure-induced SrB8, and is estimated to become a superconducting and hard material at ambient pressure.
The role of chromatin at transcription-replication conflicts as a genome safeguard
Authors: Bayona-Feliu Aleix , Aguilera Andrés
Published: November 2021

DNA replication ensures the correct copying of the genome and the faithful transfer of the genetic information to the offspring. However, obstacles to replication fork (RF) progression cause RF stalling and compromise efficient genome duplication. Since replication uses the same DNA template as transcription, both transcription and replication must be coordinated to prevent Transcription-Replication Conflicts (TRCs) that could stall RF progression. Several factors contribute to limit the occurrence of such conflicts and their harmful impact on genome integrity. Increasing evidence indicates that chromatin homeostasis plays a key role in the cellular response to TRCs as well as in the preservation of genome integrity. Indeed, chromatin regulating enzymes are frequently mutated in cancer cells, a common characteristic of which is genome instability. Therefore, understanding the role of chromatin in TRC occurrence and resolution may help identify the molecular mechanism by which chromatin protects genome integrity, and the causes and physiological relevance of the high mutation rates of chromatin regulating factors in cancer. Here we review the current knowledge in the field, as well as the perspectives and future applications.
X-chromosome reactivation: a concise review
Authors: Spaziano Alessandra , Cantone Irene
Published: November 2021

Mammalian females (XX) silence transcription on one of the two X chromosomes to compensate the expression dosage with males (XY). This process — named X-chromosome inactivation — entails a variety of epigenetic modifications that act synergistically to maintain silencing and make it heritable through cell divisions. Genes along the inactive X chromosome are, indeed, refractory to reactivation. Nonetheless, X-chromosome reactivation can occur alongside with epigenome reprogramming or by perturbing multiple silencing pathways. Here we review the events associated with X-chromosome reactivation during in vivo and in vitro reprogramming and highlight recent efforts in inducing Xi reactivation by molecular perturbations. This provides us with a first understanding of the mechanisms underlying X-chromosome reactivation, which could be tackled for therapeutic purposes.
Augmented CCL5/CCR5 signaling in brown adipose tissue inhibits adaptive thermogenesis and worsens insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Chan Pei-Chi , Hung Li-Man , Huang Jiung-Pang , Day Yuan-Ji , Yu Chao-Lan , Kuo Feng-Chih , Lu Chieh-Hua , Tian Yu-Feng , Hsieh Po-Shiuan
Published: November 2021

Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and CCR5, one of its receptors have been reported to be highly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) and are associated with the progression of inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in obese humans and mice. However, the role of CCL5/CCR5 signaling in obesity-associated dysregulation of energy metabolism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that global CCL5/CCR5 double knockout (DKO) mice have higher cold stress-induced energy expenditure and thermogenic function in brown adipose tissue (BAT) than wildtype (WT) mice. DKO mice have higher cold stress-induced energy expenditure and thermogenic function in BAT than WT mice. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that deletion of CCL5/CCR5 further facilitated the cold-induced expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and lipid metabolic pathways. In primary brown adipocytes of DKO mice, the augmentation of CL-316243-stimulated thermogenic and lipolysis responses was reversed by co-treatment with AMPKα1 and α2 short interfering RNA (siRNA). Overexpression of BAT CCL5/CCR5 genes by local lentivirus injection in WT mice suppressed cold stress-induced lipolytic processes and thermogenic activities. In contrast, knockdown of BAT CCL5/CCR5 signaling further up-regulated AMPK phosphorylation as well as thermogenic and lipolysis responses to chronic adrenergic stimuli and subsequently decreased level of body weight gain. Chronic knockdown of BAT CCL5/CCR5 signaling improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in WT mice. It is suggested that obesity-induced augmentation of adipose tissue (AT) CCL5/CCR5 signaling could, at least in part, suppress energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis by inhibiting AMPK-mediated lipolysis and oxidative metabolism in thermogenic AT to exacerbate the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
Optimal control and stabilization for linear continuous‐time mean‐field systems with delay
Authors: Ma Xiao , Qi Qingyuan , Li Xun , Zhang Huanshui
Published: November 2021

This paper studies optimal control and stabilization problems for continuous‐time mean‐field systems with input delay, which are the fundamental development of control and stabilization problems for mean‐field systems. There are two main contributions: (1) To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present paper is the first to establish the necessary and sufficient solvability condition for this kind of optimal control problem with input delay, and to derive the analytical form of an optimal controller through overcoming the obstacle that separation principle no longer holds for multiplicative‐noise systems. (2) For the stabilization problem, under the assumption of exact observability, it is strictly proven that the system is stabilizable if and only if the algebraic Riccati equation has a unique positive definite solution.
[C II] 158 μm line emission from Orion A
Authors: Pabst C. H. M. , Goicoechea J. R. , Hacar A. , Teyssier D. , Berné O. , Wolfire M. G. , Higgins R. D. , Chambers E. T. , Kabanovic S. , Güsten R. , Stutzki J. , Kramer C. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: November 2021

Context. The [C II] 158 μm fine-structure line is the dominant cooling line of moderate-density photodissociation regions (PDRs) illuminated by moderately bright far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation fields. This makes this line a prime diagnostic for extended regions illuminated by massive stars.

Aims. We aim to understand the origin of [C II] emission and its relation to other tracers of gas and dust in PDRs. One focus is a study of the heating efficiency of interstellar gas as traced by the [C II] line to test models of the photoelectric heating of neutral gas by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and very small grains.

Methods. We make use of a one-square-degree map of velocity-resolved [C II] line emission toward the Orion Nebula complex, and split this out into the individual spatial components, the expanding Veil Shell, the surface of OMC4, and the PDRs associated with the compact H II region of M43 and the reflection nebula NGC 1977. We employed Herschel far-infrared photometric images to determine dust properties. Moreover, we compared with Spitzer mid-infrared photometry to trace hot dust and large molecules, and velocity-resolved IRAM 30m CO(2–1) observations of the molecular gas.

Results. The [C II] intensity is tightly correlated with PAH emission in the IRAC 8 μm band and far-infrared emission from warm dust, with small variations between the four studied subregions (Veil Shell, OMC4, M43, and NGC 1977). The correlation between [C II] and CO(2-1) is very different in the four subregions and is very sensitive to the detailed geometry of the respective regions. Constant-density PDR models are able to reproduce the observed [C II], CO(2–1), and integrated far-infrared (FIR) intensities. The physical conditions in the Veil Shell of the Orion Nebula, M43, and NGC 1977 reveal a constant ratio of thermal pressure pth over incident FUV radiation field measured by G0. We observe strong variations in the photoelectric heating efficiency in the Veil Shell behind the Orion Bar and these variations are seemingly not related to the spectral properties of the PAHs.

Conclusions. The [C II] emission from the Orion Nebula complex stems mainly from moderately illuminated PDR surfaces. The correlations of the different tracers ([C II], FIR, CO, 70 μm, and 8 μm emission) show small variations that are not yet understood. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope can shine light on the PAH properties that may be linked to these variations.
New nickel opacities and their impact on stellar models
Authors: Hui-Bon-Hoa A. , Pain J.-C. , Richard O.
Published: November 2021

Context.The chemical element nickel is of particular interest in stellar physics. In the layers in which the Fe-peak elements dominate the mean opacity (the so-called Z-bump), Ni is the second contributor to the Rosseland opacity after iron, according to the Opacity Project data. Reliable nickel cross sections are therefore mandatory for building realistic stellar models, especially for main-sequence pulsators such asβCep and slowly pulsating B stars, whose oscillations are triggered by theκ-mechanism of the Fe-peak elements. Unfortunately, the Opacity Project data for Ni were extrapolated from those of Fe, and previous studies have shown that they were underestimated in comparison to detailed calculations.

Aims.We investigate the impact of newly computed monochromatic cross sections on the Rosseland mean opacity of Ni and on the structure of main-sequence massive pulsators. We compare our results with the widely used Opacity Project and OPAL data.

Methods.Monochromatic cross sections for Ni were obtained with the SCO-RCG code. The Toulouse-Geneva evolution code was used to build the stellar models.

Results.With the new data, the Rosseland opacities of Ni are roughly the same as those of the Opacity Project or OPAL at high temperatures (logT > 6). At lower temperatures, significant departures are observed; the ratios are up to six times higher with SCO-RCG. These discrepancies span a wider temperature range in the comparison with OPAL than in comparison with the Opacity Project. For massive star models, the results of the comparison with a structure computed with Opacity Project data show that the Rosseland mean of the global stellar mixture is only marginally altered in the Z-bump. The maximum opacity is shifted towards slightly more superficial layers. A new maximum appears in the temperature derivative of the mean opacity, and the driving of the pulsations should be affected.
Fallbericht Paartherapie: „Und wo ist der Pantoffel jetzt?“
Authors: Majer Annegret , Mack Christina , Lemke Thomas Horst , Weißflog Gregor , Stein Barbara
Published: November 2021

Ein seit über 30 Jahren verheiratetes Paar bittet um – zunächst psychoonkologische – Beratung. Nach vielen Berufsjahren, erfolgreicher Elternschaft und zwei mehr oder weniger überstandenen Krebserkrankungen eskaliert, parallel zu seinem Eintritt in den Vorruhestand, eine langjährige Angsterkrankung der Frau. Beide suchen nun nach einer Verbesserung ihrer Konfliktkultur.
Nicht-invasive Magnetomyografie mittels optisch gepumpter Magnetometer (OPM) – Charakteristika des Muskelaktionspotenzials
Authors: Marquetand Justus , Middelmann Thomas , Sometti Davide , Braun Christoph , Broser Philip J.
Published: November 2021

Das Muskelaktionspotenzial ist ein Aktionspotential, die an der neuromuskulären Endplatte entsteht und sich über die Muskelfasern ausbreitet. Mittels der Magnetomyografie (MMG) ist es möglich, die Ausbreitung des Muskelaktionspotenzials entlang des Muskels nachzuverfolgen. Obwohl die Methode der MMG seit 1970 bekannt ist, konnte sie bisher wegen physikalischer Limitationen nicht weiterverfolgt werden. Diese Limitationen konnten in den letzten Jahren durch die technische Entwicklung von sogenannten optisch gepumpten Magnetometern (OPM) größtenteils überwunden werden, sodass man jetzt untersuchen kann, ob die MMG als eine neue oder zusätzliche neurophysiologische Methode sinnvoll angewendet werden kann. Wesentliche Vorteile der MMG bestehen darin, dass sie völlig kontaktlos und referenzfrei ist, eine räumliche Darstellung erlaubt und die magnetischen Signale nicht durch Haut oder Fettgewebe abgeschwächt werden. Die folgende Studie untersucht daher ein grundlegendes physiologisches Phänomen: Das Muskelaktionspotential nach der Auslösung eines Muskeleigenreflexes. Hierdurch wird eine allgemeine Einführung in die sich gegenwärtig etablierende Methode der MMG ermöglicht. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass die MMG nicht nur zusätzliche Informationen im Sinne einer räumlichen Darstellung ermöglicht, sondern auch neue und noch unbekannte Signale erfassen kann, die Ausdruck der Muskelkontraktion selbst sein könnten.
Bildgebung der Lunge bei Mukoviszidose – es muss nicht immer Strahlung sein
Authors: Bischoff Arved , Eichinger Monika , Wielpütz Mark O.
Published: November 2021

Die Mukoviszidose (zystische Fibrose, CF) gilt als häufigste, früh zum Tod führende angeborene Erkrankung in der weißen Bevölkerung. Die Beteiligung der Lunge ist wesentlich für die eingeschränkte Lebensqualität und das vorzeitige Versterben der Betroffenen verantwortlich. In der Bildgebung der letzten 10 Jahre wird – immer häufiger und wann immer möglich – die strahlenfreie MRT den Bildgebungsverfahren mit ionisierender Strahlung vorgezogen.
Low incidence of colonic complications after severe Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 infection
Authors: Fründt Thorben , Leuffert Julia , Groth Stefan , Rösch Thomas , Steurer Stefan , Lohse Ansgar W. , Ullrich Sebastian , Lüth Stefan
Published: November 2021

Background In summer 2011, Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O104:H4 caused the most severe EHEC outbreak in Germany to date. The case of a previously recovered patient with symptomatic postinflammatory colonic stenosis following EHEC- infection prompted us to conduct a prospective study to assess the macro- and microscopic intestinal long-term damage in a cohort of patients who had suffered from severe EHEC colitis.

Methods Following EHEC infection in 2011, 182 patients were offered to participate in this study between January 2013 and October 2014 as part of the post-inpatient follow-up care at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and to undergo colonoscopy with stepwise biopsies. Prior to colonoscopy, medical history and persistent post-infectious complaints were assessed.

Results Out of 182 patients, 22 (12%) participated in the study, 18 (82%) were female. All patients had been hospitalized due severe EHEC enterocolitis: 20 patients (90%) had subsequently developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 16 patients (72%) had additionally required dialysis. On assessment prior to colonoscopy, all patients denied any abdominal complaints before EHEC-infection but 8 (36%) patients reported persistent post-infectious symptoms. According to the ROME IV criteria, 4 (18%) patients met the definition for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). In all patients with persistent symptoms, colonoscopies and histological examination were unremarkable. Only in one symptom-free patient, biopsy revealed a locally limited cryptitis of the caecum, while all patients without complaints had inconspicuous histological and endoscopical findings.

Conclusion Following infection colonic stenosis is a serious but rare long-term complication in patients who had suffered from severe enterocolitis. However, a significant proportion of these patients develop PI-IBS.
Gut gedacht, gut gemacht?
Authors: Lanz Christian J.
Published: November 2021

Seit 2019 gelten die Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen, die die Patientenversorgung sicherer machen und für Transparenz sorgen sollen. In diesem Jahr wurden sie nun um weitere pflegesensitive Bereiche erweitert. Hier ein Überblick zum Thema Personalbemessung.
Von Null auf Hundert – oder doch totes Pferd?
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: November 2021

Sie steht auf Messers Schneide: die Akademisierung in der Pflege. Eigentlich wollte die Politik die Akademisierungsquote in der Pflege erhöhen. Auf der anderen Seite wurde vor Kurzem die einzige pflegewissenschaftliche Fakultät Deutschlands in Vallendar geschlossen.
Binnenmigration und psychische Gesundheit in der Sächsischen
Längsschnittstudie – Relevante Faktoren 20 und 30 Jahre nach der
Wiedervereinigung
Authors: Kasinger Christoph , Otten Danielle , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Beutel Manfred E. , Zenger Markus , Brähler Elmar , Berth Hendrik
Published: November 2021

Fragestellung Welche Faktoren spielen für die psychische Gesundheit von
Binnenmigrierten im Vergleich zu Nichtmigrierten eine Rolle?Methode Daten der
Sächsischen Längsschnittstudie aus den Jahren 2010 und 2020
wurden benutzt, um mithilfe von Bootstrapping-basierten Mediationsanalysen
Binnenmigrierte mit Nichtmigrierten in ihrem Grad der psychischen Belastung zu
vergleichen.Ergebnisse Binnenmigrierte berichteten 2010, aber nicht 2020,
weniger psychische Belastung. Dieser Effekt verschwand, nachdem Kovariaten und
Mediatoren inkludiert wurden. Wichtige Mediatoren waren Lebenssituation, enge
politische Verbundenheit mit der BRD, Gewinner der deutschen Einheit, Sicherheit
am Arbeitsplatz (2010) und Bedrohung durch Altersarmut und Erfahrungen mit dem
System (2020).Fazit Binnenmigration wirkt durch verschiedene Faktoren auf die
psychische Gesundheit. Insbesondere die aktuellen Lebensumstände spielen
dabei eine entscheidende Rolle.