bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical complications and management of atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Vo Megen , Golden Neville
Published: December 2022

Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) is a new diagnosis in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Patients with AAN have been recognized to have similar, if not more severe, medical and psychological complications compared with patients with typical Anorexia Nervosa; yet studies on medical complications and optimal treatment of AAN are lacking. Here we review what is known regarding medical presentation and management of patients with AAN.
The Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS): a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version in a non-clinical sample and two clinical samples with eating disorders or borderline personality disorder
Authors: Isaksson Martina , Holmbom Goh Maria , Ramklint Mia , Wolf-Arehult Martina
Published: December 2022

Background

Social safeness and pleasure refer to the extent to which people experience their world as safe, warm, and soothing. Difficulties in achieving social safeness have been identified as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for developing and maintaining psychopathology and for feeling less contentment and self-compassion. The study aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS).

Methods

The SSPS was evaluated in a non-clinical sample of 407 participants. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the SSPS were explored and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Convergent validity was studied based on the assumption of negative correlations with the personality traits detachment and mistrust, derived from the Swedish Universities Scale of Personality. Divergent validity was studied based on the assumption of no or small correlations with impulsiveness and adventure-seeking—personality traits not assumed to be related to social safeness. Validity was also investigated by comparing the SSPS results in the non-clinical sample with those in two clinical groups of patients diagnosed with either borderline personality disorder (BPD; n = 58) or eating disorders (n = 103), recruited from two psychiatric outpatient clinics.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 and test–retest reliability was 0.92. Validity was supported by moderate to strong negative correlations between the SSPS and the detachment and mistrust scales and no or small correlations with the impulsiveness and adventure-seeking scales in a personality questionnaire. Finally, we found significantly lower mean values on the SSPS in the clinical groups compared with the non-clinical group, with the lowest mean in the BPD sample.

Conclusions

The results showed good to excellent psychometric properties for the Swedish version of the SSPS, supporting its use in both clinical practice and research. Future research could use the SSPS when evaluating interventions aimed at improving the ability to develop social safeness, such as compassion-focused therapy or radically open dialectical behavior therapy, interventions that may be particularly important in BPD patients.
Boys’ underachievement in mathematics and science: An analysis of national and international assessment data from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elsayed Mahmoud A. A. , Clerkin Aidan , Pitsia Vasiliki , Aljabri Nayyaf , Al-Harbi Khaleel
Published: December 2022

Boys in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consistently and significantly underperform compared to girls across different grades and subjects, forming one of the largest gender gaps in student achievement in the world. Saudi Arabia offers a unique setting in which boys and girls attend separate schools on a universal basis starting from grade 1. This means that boys and girls are educated only by male and female teachers, respectively, in effect inhabiting parallel education systems. In this context, this study examines the factors that are associated with student achievement in mathematics and science in grades 4 and 8 and the extent to which these associations are different for boys and girls, in an effort to gain insights into boys’ underachievement in mathematics and science in Saudi Arabia. The paper employs data from two recent large-scale assessments of education: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 and Saudi Arabia’s National Assessment of Learning Outcomes (NALO) 2018. A series of hierarchical two-level linear regression models showed that in grade 4, school climate was more strongly associated with boys' compared with girls' achievement in both mathematics and science, with boys attending schools of poorer school climate having a considerably lower performance compared with girls attending such schools. The findings also indicated that although greater literacy and numeracy readiness was linked with higher science achievement among boys and girls, grade 4 boys tended to benefit more from this readiness than girls. In addition, the results show that student absenteeism in grade 4 is particularly strongly associated with decreases in mathematics achievement among boys. In grade 8, significant interactions between gender and the extent to which students feel confident in science, the degree of schools’ emphasis on academic success, and teachers’ age are observed. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of these findings for educators and policy makers in Saudi Arabia.
Insights into brewed tea waste as a green and low-priced adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of Cd(II) ions: isotherm, kinetic, and artificial neural network approach
Authors: Ozdes Duygu , Tilki Nida , Seker Serdal , Duran Celal
Published: December 2022

In the present research, brewed tea waste (BTW) was utilized as a green, low-priced, and abundant adsorbent for separation/preconcentration of Cd(II) ions through solid-phase extraction method from water and foods for the first time. BTW was applied as a natural adsorbent, without using any chelating agent to bind Cd(II) ions or any chemical reagent for its modification. A three-layer artificial neural network model using backpropagation algorithm was utilized to explicate a prediction model for the extraction performance of Cd(II) ions by selecting the input parameters as solution pH, quantity of BTW, sample volume, eluent concentration and volume, and equilibrium time for desorption. The preconcentration factor, relative standard deviation, and detection limit were attained as 100, 3.03%, and 0.56 µg L−1, respectively. It was decided that the Langmuir isotherm model is acceptable to characterize the retention of Cd(II) ions on BTW. This result pointed out that the active binding sites on the BTW surface are homogeneously distributed. Adsorption capacity of BTW was achieved as 41.5 mg g−1which is higher than several expensive and difficult-to-prepare adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics was elucidated by pseudo-second order kinetic model. After confirmed the accuracy of the method with spike/recovery studies, it was employed for Cd(II) determination in water (stream and sea water) and food (eggplant, lettuce, parsley, apple, and apricot) samples with high accuracy. The inferences of the study proved that the BTW offers a magnificent application prospect in the extraction of Cd(II) ions.
Patient medication counselling in community pharmacy: evaluation of the quality and content
Authors: Showande Segun Johnson , Laniyan Monioluwa Wonuola
Published: December 2022

Background

Patient medication counselling (PMC) is a pharmaceutical care service targeted at optimizing patient drug use, safety and improving treatment outcomes. This study assessed the content and quality of PMC from the community pharmacists’ (CPs) and pharmacy customers’ (PCs) perspectives.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-guided survey was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, among 125 CPs and 612 PCs. The 35-counselling items validated United States Pharmacopeia Medication Counselling Behaviour Guideline scale with 10-point graded responses (1 = poor to 10 = excellent) was used. Self-reported medication counselling information content provided by CPs and received by PCs was assessed and expressed in median and interquartile ranges. The quality of PMC was evaluated and graded as poor (1–29.9%), unsatisfactory (30–59.9%), satisfactory (60–79.9%) and excellent (80–100%). Associations between demographic variables and overall quality of counselling were determined with Mann–WhitneyUand Kruskal–Wallis tests atp < 0.05.

Results

The response rate was 92.5% and 97.6% for PCs and CPs, respectively. The PCs’ opinions on the individual content of the PMC provided by the CPs were significantly different from the pharmacists’ self-report (p < 0.05). Some of the PMC content included how to take the medicine PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), information on possible side effects PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), taking history of allergies and other medications PC = 6.00 (6.00) vs CP = 7.00 (1.00), and how to incorporate drug regimen into daily routine PC = 5.00 (6.00) vs CP = 8.00 (3.00). The quality of PMC purportedly provided by CPs and received by the PCs was satisfactory (75%) and unsatisfactory (55%), respectively. The quality of communication counselling offered by CPs trained in Nigeria (Mean rank = 62.49) was higher than those trained outside Nigeria (Mean rank = 26.40),U = 228.00,p = 0.024. The PC’s age, marital status, and highest educational qualification were significantly associated with their opinion on the quality of counselling received.

Conclusions

Both the community pharmacists and pharmacy customers reported the provision of patient medication counselling on side effects, drug usage, medication history and allergies among others. However, the quality of counselling provided by the pharmacists was satisfactory, but the quality of counselling received by the pharmacy customers was unsatisfactory. Pharmacists may need to engage pharmacy customers more during medication counselling.
Improving static balance ability with trainings supported by somatosensory-based feedback system
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Wenjing , Shadiev Rustam
Published: December 2022

To support trainings for static balance ability improvement, in this study, we developed a somatosensory-based feedback system (SFS) using Kinect technology. Three training tasks such as knees crouch, rotating upper body and rotating upper body with a ball in hands were designed according to the static balance ability training method. Forty-four participants volunteered to participate in the study. The participants completed these tasks by performing three movements during a six-week period. Feedback, either positive or negative, on the participants’ static balance performance was provided by the SFS to adjust their posture and static balance. We tested the effectiveness of the SFS on improving the static balance ability in an experiment. The participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 22) and an experimental group (n = 22). The participants in the experimental group completed the training tasks with the support of the SFS, whereas the participants in the control group completed the training tasks without any feedback. A static balance ability pretest was administered before the training and a static balance ability posttest after the training. Differences between two groups on tests’ results were compared. In addition, the participants in the experimental group completed intermediate tests (the same test as the pre- and post-test) during the training. Three main findings were obtained. First, there was no difference between the two groups in the static balance ability pretest; however, the experimental group outperformed the control group on the static balance ability posttest. Second, the participants’ scores for the single barefoot standing using the dominant leg with eyes opened (SFOE) and single barefoot standing using the dominant leg with eyes closed (SFCE) testing tasks were higher than those in the double barefoot standing with eyes opened (DFOE) and double barefoot standing with eyes closed (DFCE) testing tasks. Third, there were improvements in swing path, swing speed, swing amplitude, and area research variables. According to interviews with the participants, the SFS was useful, as it provided feedback to the static balance performance and they used it to adjust their postures and balance. Based on the results, we suggest applying the SFS to trainings for static balance ability as it can improve the static balance ability.
Dissecting the essential role of N-glycosylation in catalytic performance of xanthan lyase
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Wang Qian , Ni Xin , Shen Shaonian , Nan Chenchen , Li Xianzhen , Chen Xiaoyi , Yang Fan
Published: December 2022

Modified xanthan produced by xanthan lyase has broad application prospects in the food industry. However, the catalytic performance of xanthan lyase still needs to be improved through rational design. To address this problem, in this work, the glycosylation and its influences on the catalytic performance of a xanthan lyase (EcXly), which was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, were reported. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the N599 site of EcXly was modified by a single N-glycan chain. Based on sequence alignment and three-dimensional structure prediction, it could be deduced that the N599 site was located in the catalytic domain of EcXly and in close proximity to the catalytic residues. After site-directed mutagenesis of N599 with alanine, aspartic acid and glycine, respectively, the EcXly and its mutants were characterized and compared. The results demonstrated that elimination of the N-glycosylation had diminished the specific activity, pH stability, and substrate affinity of EcXly. Fluorescence spectra further revealed that the glycosylation could significantly affect the overall tertiary structure of EcXly. Therefore, in prokaryotic hosts, the N-glycosylation could influence the catalytic performance of the enzyme by changing its structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the post-translational modification of xanthan lyase in prokaryotes. Overall, our work enriched research on the role of glycan chains in the functional performance of proteins expressed in prokaryotes and should be valuable for the rational design of xanthan lyase to produce modified xanthan for industrial application.

Graphical Abstract
A Skill Acquisition Perspective on the Impact of Exergaming Technology on Foundational Movement Skill Development in Children 3–12 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oppici Luca , Stell Frederike Marie , Utesch Till , Woods Carl T. , Foweather Lawrence , Rudd James R.
Published: December 2022

Background

Sedentary, digital screen time in children represents a major concern due to its detrimental effect on children’s development. Nowadays, however, advances in technology allow children to actively interact with a digital screen using their whole body (e.g., exergaming), providing potential for movement learning. Exergaming technology may prove valuable in supporting children’s development of foundational movement skills (FMS).

Objective

To examine the impact of exergaming technology on the development of FMS in children 3–12 years through a skill acquisition lens.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus databases were searched between 2007 and 2022. Studies were eligible if they conducted an exergaming intervention to improve FMS in typically developing children aged three to twelve with a control group, using a baseline and post-intervention assessment design. FMS outcomes were pooled with a random effects model.

Results

Nine trials (4 RCTs, 2 cluster RCTs and 3 non-randomized trials) of varying methodological quality (2 had low, 6 had some concerns, and 1 had a high risk of bias) were included, with a total of 783 participants. FMS outcome measures across studies comprised object control skills, locomotor skills, coordination, agility, balance and balance-related skills. The meta-analysis included showed a small positive effect in favor of the exergaming intervention (r = 0.24 [95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.36]).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that screen-based technology that requires an active engagement of the child can promote the development of FMS. Considering that FMS are the foundation of a child’s physical, mental, health and academic development, this finding could lead to a reshaping of the perception of digital screen-based technology and the role this should play in children’s lives. We speculate that the observed benefits most likely depend upon the quality of information–movement coupling specificity and the motor learning strategies built into the exergame and/or the intervention design. We do not believe this is dependent on the type of FMS being performed or the amount of practice. We recommend therefore that future research should examine how practitioners (school teachers, coaches and parents) can facilitate the interaction between a child and exergaming technology.
Cardiovascular events by different target hemoglobin levels in ESA-hyporesponsive hemodialysis patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study
Authors: Nitta Kosaku , Kuragano Takahiro , Joki Nobuhiko , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Honda Hirokazu , Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Hideki , Uemura Yukari , Tsuchiya Ken ,   the PARAMOUNT-HD Study Investigators, Ohashi Yasuo
Published: December 2022

Background

The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events is high in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). However, there are no recommended target hemoglobin ranges for ESA-hyporesponsive patients.

Methods

We randomly assigned 304 ESA-treated HD patients with ESA hyporesponsiveness to a proactive treatment group (target hemoglobin level 11 g/dL) or maintenance treatment group (target hemoglobin level 9–10 g/dL), both of which received epoetin beta pegol. The primary outcome was time to the first CV event. CV events included cardiac death, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome requiring hospitalization. The patients were followed for 24 months.

Results

The proactive and maintenance treatment groups had mean baseline hemoglobin levels of 9.34 and 9.32 g/dL, respectively. Mean hemoglobin levels during the observation period were 10.58 and 10.26 g/dL (P < 0.001), and mean durations of hemoglobin level > 10.5 g/dL were 11.5 and 8.6 months (P < 0.001), respectively. Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a significantly lower risk of CV events in the proactive group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–0.96). This lower risk was driven by lower incidence of hospitalization-required congestive heart failure. A longer duration of hemoglobin level > 10.5 g/dL was associated with a lower risk of CV events (HR, 0.92/month; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98).

Conclusions

Targeting hemoglobin levels of 11 g/dL with epoetin beta pegol reduces CV risk in Japanese HD patients with ESA hyporesponsiveness.

Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) database (UMIN000010138), registered on March 1, 2013.
Histological study on the skin structure in two mudskippers, Periophthalmus waltoni and Boleophthalmus dussumieri in relation to their terrestrial life
Authors: Dorostghoal Mehran , Jazayeri Ashraf , Ashiri Sara
Published: December 2022

Microscopic structure of skin in two amphibious mudskipper fish; Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837 (B. dussumeri) and Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 (P. waltoni) were investigated in relation to their lifestyle. The general structure of skin is the same among the two species. Epidermis in B. dussumeri was thicker significantly than P. waltoni. The dermal bulges were only well developed in the skin of B. dussumeri. Mucous cells were absent in the epidermis of P. waltoni but present in B. dussumeri. Both B. dussumeri and P. waltoni have well-developed swollen middle cells as a shared epidermal feature. The thickness of the middle cell layer of the epidermis in B. dussumeri was significantly greater than in P. waltoni. Capillaries in the dorsal and ventral parts of the body are more closely distributed to the epidermal surface in P. waltoni than in B. dussumeri. The diffusion distance in the dorsal epidermis of P. waltoni was less than that in the ventral epidermis of B. dussumeri. A comparative examination of the skin of mudskipper species suggests that, due to the more terrestrial lifestyle adopted by P. waltoni, the skin contributes more to respiration.
Effects of industrialization on Tanzania’s economic growth: a case of manufacturing sector
Authors: Lugina Eunice Jonathan , Mwakalobo Adam Beni Swebe , Lwesya Francis
Published: December 2022

This article examines the impact of industrialization on economic growth in Tanzania focusing on the drivers of structural changes in the manufacturing sector. We apply the vector error correction model based on a parsimonious model covering the period from 1970 to 2017. Our results demonstrate the existence of a positive relationship between the manufacturing sector through its value added and economic growth in Tanzania. We have also observed a similar pattern of relationship in other sectors of the economy such as construction, agriculture, and services. Furthermore, the interaction model shows that foreign direct investment inflows and net domestic credit are the drivers of manufacturing growth. However, the real exchange rate coefficient is negative and significant, suggesting that it has had a negative impact on manufacturing output. The results are consistent with postulations of economic models found in economic growth theories. The article also presents some policy implications regarding the need for consistent policy implementation in the manufacturing sector and further improvement of the investment climate.
Identification of modal parameters of long-span bridges under various wind velocities
Authors: Lu Siying , Yan Lei , He Xuhui , Guo Hui
Published: December 2022

The modal parameters identification of bridges under non-stationary environmental excitation has caught the attention of researchers. This paper studies the non-stationarity of wind velocity, and extracts the time-varying mean wind velocity based on a discrete wavelet transform and recursive quantitative analysis. The calculated turbulence intensity and turbulence integral scale under the non-stationary model are smaller than those under the stationary model, especially the turbulence integral scale. The empirical wavelet transform is used to identify the modal parameters of long-span bridges, and the power spectral density spectrum is proposed as a replacement for the Fourier spectrum as the basis of the frequency band selection. The bridge modal parameters are then compared using the covariance-driven stochastic subspace system identification method (SSI-COV) and the Hilbert transform method based on an improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT-HT). Both methods can accurately identify the modal frequency, and the absolute difference between these two methods is equal to 0.003 Hz. The wind velocity results in a change of less than 1% in the modal frequency. The absolute difference between the modal damping ratios identified using SSI-COV and EWT-HT is significant and can reach 0.587%. The modal damping ratios are positively correlated with the mean wind velocities, which aligns with the quasi-steady assumption. In addition, the applicability of SSI-COV and EWT-HT is also evaluated using the standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and range dispersion indicators. The results show that the EWT-HT is more applicable to the identification of the modal parameters of long-span bridges under non-stationary wind velocities.
Evaluation of microplastics sediment sampling techniques—efficiency of common methods and new approaches
Authors: Adomat Yasmin , Kahl Melanie , Musche Fabian , Grischek Thomas
Published: December 2022

Common sediment samplers for microplastics (MP) such as grab samplers or corers are limited to certain grain sizes and known to cause disruption of sediments which results in a loss of fine and low-density particles such as MP. However, this loss has not been quantified yet and its occurrence is commonly tolerated during MP sediment sampling. In the present study we evaluate the recovery of MP of various common sediment samplers used in most recent studies. The samplers were tested on a model plant simulating a riverine environment with MP spiked sediments. Also, we investigated the feasibility of less frequently used freeze coring. The results of this study suggest that a combination of common methods is crucial in order to sufficiently evaluate a sampling site until standardized MP samplers for sediments are available. Freeze coring indicates a promising potential to monitor MP in river sediments in the future but is costly and should be optimized for regular field sampling campaigns.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of modified cashew nutshell liquid as natural surfactants for chemical flooding in sandstone oil reservoirs
Authors: Obuebite Amalate Ann , Eke William Iheanyi , Udoh Tinuola
Published: December 2022

Bio-based oilfield chemicals are gaining attention due to their availability, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. Surfactants facilitate recovery of residual oil by reducing the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids. Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) extracted from Anacardium occidentale waste shells was modified using triethanolamine and evaluated as a natural alternative to traditional surfactants. Phase behavior analysis, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC) measurements, and core flooding analysis were performed to ascertain the compatibility and recoverability of the cashew nutshell liquid derivatives on sandstone reservoirs. Interfacial tension was reduced from 10.46 to 1.66 mN/m at CMC of 1 g/L. Additional recovery factor and displacement efficiency of 12% OOIP and 32.5%, respectively, was achieved at laboratory temperature. The effect of temperature on residual oil recovery was determined by subjecting the oil displacement experiment to reservoir temperature of 80˚C, resulting in recovery factor and displacement efficiency of 9% OOIP and 25%, respectively.
Postoperative Adjuvant Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy With FOLFOX in Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Microvascular Invasion: A Multicenter, Phase III, Randomized Study
Authors: Li Shao-Hua , Mei Jie , Cheng Yuan , Li Qiang , Wang Qiao-Xuan , Fang Chong-Kai , Lei Qiu-Cheng , Huang Hua-Kun , Cao Ming-Rong , Luo Rui , Deng Jing-Duo , Jiang Yu-Chuan , Zhao Rong-Ce , Lu Liang-He , Zou Jing-Wen , Deng Min , Lin Wen-Ping , Guan Ren-Guo , Wen Yu-Hua , Li Ji-Bin , Zheng Lie , Guo Zhi-Xing , Ling Yi-Hong , Chen Huan-Wei , Zhong Chong , Wei Wei , Guo Rong-Ping
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

To report the efficacy and safety of postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this randomized, open-label, multicenter trial, histologically confirmed HCC patients with MVI were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive adjuvant FOLFOX-HAIC (treatment group) or routine follow-up (control group). The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis while secondary end points were overall survival, recurrence rate, and safety.

RESULTS

Between June 2016 and August 2021, a total of 315 patients (ITT population) at five centers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 157) or the control group (n = 158). In the ITT population, the median DFS was 20.3 months (95% CI, 10.4 to 30.3) in the treatment group versus 10.0 months (95% CI, 6.8 to 13.2) in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.81; P = .001). The overall survival rates at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 93.8% (95% CI, 89.8 to 98.1), 86.4% (95% CI, 80.0 to 93.2), and 80.4% (95% CI, 71.9 to 89.9) for the treatment group and 92.0% (95% CI, 87.6 to 96.7), 86.0% (95% CI, 79.9 to 92.6), and 74.9% (95% CI, 65.5 to 85.7) for the control group (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.14; P = .130), respectively. The recurrence rates were 40.1% (63/157) in the treatment group and 55.7% (88/158) in the control group. Majority of the adverse events were grade 0-1 (83.8%), with no treatment-related death in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Postoperative adjuvant HAIC with FOLFOX significantly improved the DFS benefits with acceptable toxicities in HCC patients with MVI.
Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality Among Survivors of Neuroblastoma Diagnosed During Infancy: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Friedman Danielle Novetsky , Goodman Pamela J. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Diller Lisa R. , Cohn Susan L. , Howell Rebecca M. , Smith Susan A. , Tonorezos Emily S. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Neglia Joseph P. , Ness Kirsten K. , Gibson Todd M. , Nathan Paul C. , Weil Brent R. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Sklar Charles A. , Henderson Tara O.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

To describe the risk of late mortality, subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in survivors of neuroblastoma diagnosed in infancy by treatment era and exposures.

METHODS

Among 5-year survivors of neuroblastoma in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study diagnosed age < 1 year between 1970 and 1999, we examined the cumulative incidence of late (> 5 years from diagnosis) mortality, SMN, and CHCs (grades 2-5 and 3-5). Multivariable Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs by decade and treatment (surgery-alone v chemotherapy with or without surgery [C ± S] v radiation with or without chemotherapy ± surgery [R ± C ± S]) among survivors and between survivors and 5,051 siblings.

RESULTS

Among 1,397 eligible survivors, the 25-year cumulative incidence of late mortality was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.9) with no difference by treatment era. Among 990 participants who completed a baseline survey, fewer survivors received radiation in more recent eras (51.2% 1970s, 20.4% 1980s, and 10.1% 1990s; P < .001). Risk of SMN was elevated only among individuals treated with radiation-containing regimens compared with surgery alone (HR[C ± S], 3.2 [95% CI, 0.9 to 11.6]; HR[R ± C ± S], 5.7 [95% CI, 1.2 to 28.1]). In adjusted models, there was a 50% reduction in risk of grade 3-5 CHCs in the 1990s versus 1970s (HR, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3 to 0.9]; P = .01); individuals treated with radiation had a 3.6-fold risk for grade 3-5 CHCs (95% CI, 2.1 to 6.2) versus those treated with surgery alone. When compared with siblings, risk of grade 3-5 CHCs for survivors was lowest in the most recent era (HR[1970s], 4.7 [95% CI, 3.4 to 6.5]; HR[1980s], 4.6 [95% CI, 3.3 to 6.4]; HR[1990s], 2.5 [95% CI, 1.7 to 3.9]).

CONCLUSION

Neuroblastoma survivors treated during infancy have a relatively low absolute burden of late mortality and SMN. Encouragingly, risk of CHCs has declined in more recent eras with reduced exposure to radiation therapy.
George Floyd in Papua: Image-Events and the Art of Resonance
Authors: Strassler Karen
Published: December 2022

This article offers an introduction to the “image-event” as both concept and method through a focus on the circulation of images around the killing of George Floyd. It examines how these images reverberated and resonated in West Papua, a restive region of Indonesia that has been the site of a long-standing separatist movement. It critically examines a celebratory media discourse that sees the US-based Black Lives Matter movement as expanding outward to spark similar movements elsewhere, a logic that reiterates long-standing colonialist narratives that figure places like Papua as backwaters belatedly receiving and imitatively taking up ideas that flow from the metropole outward. Questioning such assumptions, the article suggests that attention to image-events and the art of resonance can better reveal the ways that long-standing global asymmetries affect the flow of images and the course of political action.
Three Histories and Seven Lives: Investigating the Archives of South Indian Photo Studios, Tamil Nadu, 1880–1980
Authors: Headley Zoé E.
Published: December 2022

This article explores the diffusion and productions of commercial studio photography in South India (Tamil Nadu) from the time the first Indian-run studios opened in the 1880s up to the demise of analog photography—and thereby of many family-run studios—a century later. The particular focus of the article is on research carried out to constitute the stars.archive (Studies in Tamil Studio Archives and Society), the first digital archive of Tamil studio photography, which includes around forty-two thousand photographic images digitized inside studios, private homes, and secondhand shops all over Tamil Nadu. Through examination of the archive, the article suggests that a history of photography in this region needs to attend more closely to the specificities of appropriation of the photographic apparatus and its social uses by sourcing empirical data outside institutional archives. A closer examination of the content of the stars.archive reveals the diversification over time of the social uses of studio photography, far beyond the ubiquitous “studio portrait.”
Invisible Journey
Authors: Nixon Deborah
Published: December 2022

This essay considers a set of photographs taken in early 1947 in Lahore and in Punjab when the region was still united in India. The images traveled from India to Australia in 1948, and a single image journeyed to the world's first Partition Museum in Amritsar in 2017. They represent a moment of tangled relations between object, history, migration, and technology. The photographer was young and, like his subjects, was unaware of the horror that would erupt outside the frame a few months after the photographs were taken. The British government placed great burdens on the shoulders of young men, as hinted at in the images. Seventy-five years later, viewers are privy to that knowledge, which lends a layer of pathos to the images. This essay draws on oral history and family photographs to explore a time, experience, and place just before one of the great tragic migrations of twentieth-century history.
Tong Yan Gaai: A North American Chinatown Vernacular
Authors: Lum Morris , Leung Brandon
Published: December 2022

In this conversation critic Brandon Leung discusses with photographer Morris Lum the political and historical resonances of Chinatown for diasporic Chinese in North America, focusing on the significance of a vernacular form of representation.
Photography and Korea: History and Practice
Authors: Chung Joanne So Jeong
Published: December 2022

This exhibition review spotlights presentations shared during the virtual symposium “Photography and Korea: History and Practice,” which was held February 24–26, 2022.
Sequential events during the quiescence to proliferation transition establish patterns of follicle cell differentiation in the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Lee Eric H. , Zinshteyn Daniel , Miglo Fred , Wang Melissa Q. , Reinach Jessica , Chau Cindy M. , Grosstephan Joseph M. , Correa Iliana , Costa Kelly , Vargas Alberto , Johnson Aminah , Longo Sheila M. , Alexander Jennifer I. , O'Reilly Alana M.
Published: December 2022

Stem cells cycle between periods of quiescence and proliferation to promote tissue health. In Drosophila ovaries, quiescence to proliferation transitions of follicle stem cells (FSCs) are exquisitely feeding-dependent. Here, we demonstrate feeding-dependent induction of follicle cell differentiation markers, eyes absent (Eya) and castor (Cas) in FSCs, a patterning process that does not depend on proliferation induction. Instead, FSCs extend micron-scale cytoplasmic projections that dictate Eya-Cas patterning. We identify still life and sickie as necessary and sufficient for FSC projection growth and Eya-Cas induction. Our results suggest that sequential, interdependent events establish long-term differentiation patterns in follicle cell precursors, independently of FSC proliferation induction.
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy reveals the cellular architecture of budding and fission yeast
Authors: Hinterndorfer Kerstin , Laporte Marine H. , Mikus Felix , Tafur Lucas , Bourgoint Clélia , Prouteau Manoel , Dey Gautam , Loewith Robbie , Guichard Paul , Hamel Virginie
Published: December 2022

The budding and fission yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe have served as invaluable model organisms to study conserved fundamental cellular processes. Although super-resolution microscopy has in recent years paved the way to a better understanding of the spatial organization of molecules in cells, its wide use in yeasts has remained limited due to the specific know-how and instrumentation required, contrasted with the relative ease of endogenous tagging and live-cell fluorescence microscopy. To facilitate super-resolution microscopy in yeasts, we have extended the ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) method to both S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, enabling a 4-fold isotropic expansion. We demonstrate that U-ExM allows imaging of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its associated spindle pole body, notably unveiling the Sfi1p–Cdc31p spatial organization on the appendage bridge structure. In S. pombe, we validate the method by monitoring the homeostatic regulation of nuclear pore complex number through the cell cycle. Combined with NHS-ester pan-labelling, which provides a global cellular context, U-ExM reveals the subcellular organization of these two yeast models and provides a powerful new method to augment the already extensive yeast toolbox.

This article has an associated First Person interview with Kerstin Hinterndorfer and Felix Mikus, two of the joint first authors of the paper.
Αποτελεσματική διαχείριση νέων τεχνολογιών σε υποδομές, για ευφυείς / έξυπνες πόλεις
Authors: Κωνσταντίνου Παναγιώτα
Published: December 2022

Οι πόλεις αποτελούν ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά βήματα κοινωνικοποίησης. Από την απαρχή τους έως και σήμερα δημιουργήθηκαν για να διευκολύνουν την ευάλωτη φύση των ανθρώπων. Η έννοια της έξυπνης πόλης, ξεπήδησε περίπου στα τέλη του προηγούμενου αιώνα καθώς οι μετακινήσεις πληθυσμών από την επαρχία επέφεραν μαζικοποίηση στην αστική διαβίωση. Αρχικά δεν υπήρξε συνειδητή προσπάθεια για τον μακροπρόθεσμο σχεδιασμό και τη μετέπειτα δημιουργία γερών βάσεων ανάπτυξης των πόλεων. Με τον τρόπο αυτό προκλήθηκαν ανεπανόρθωτα προβλήματα τόσο στο φυσικό περιβάλλον όσο και την ίδια την κοινωνία. Η πάροδος των ετών και η τεχνολογική εξέλιξη έδωσε νέα διάσταση στην πόλη η οποία διείσδυσε σε διάφορες εκφάνσεις του ανθρώπινου πολιτισμού, από την πρώτη βιομηχανική επανάσταση έως τη δημιουργία του διαδικτύου, την επανάσταση των φορητών συσκευών μέχρι την εμπλοκή της με το νέο είδος διαδικτύου των πραγμάτων και των επόμενων μετεξελίξεων του. Οι πόλεις συνεχίζουν να περιπλέκονται στα γρανάζια της συνεχούς εξέλιξης και αναδιαμόρφωσης με σκοπό πάντα την ανθρώπινη ευζωία και ευτυχία. Μόνο που αυτή τη φορά συντελείται από την κοινωνία μια οργανωμένη προσπάθεια αναδιάταξης των πόλεων συμπεριλαμβάνοντας σύγχρονα ζητήματα όπως η αειφορία, η βιωσιμότητα και η οικονομία των φυσικών πόρων. Η ραγδαία εξέλιξη της τεχνολογίας που συντελέστηκε το δεύτερο μισό του του εικοστού αιώνα και συνεχίζεται μέχρι και τις αρχές του εικοστού πρώτου, είναι μια πρωτοφανής συγκυρία για την ανθρωπότητα. Η τεχνολογία διείσδυσε στους κόλπους των πόλεων και έδωσε την υπόσχεση της αστικής μετάλλαξης για άλλη μια φορά. Όσο όμως οι ερευνητές σε όλο των κόσμο προσπαθούν να λύσουν αποτελεσματικές και αποδοτικές τεχνολογικές εξισώσεις δεν πρέπει να λησμονούν τον ανθρώπινο παράγοντα. Ένα από τα πιο κρίσιμα συστατικά των έξυπνων πόλεων σήμερα βρίσκεται στην ανθρώπινη συμμετοχή. Στη μελέτη αυτή διεισδύσαμε στα βάθη των συστατικών των πόλεων. Κινηθήκαμε από την υπόσχεση της πόλης και την καθιέρωση της επωνυμίας της ως την έξυπνη τουριστική πόλη σε ένα κοινωνικό και οικονομικό βιώσιμο οικοσύστημα. Στη συνέχεια ασχοληθήκαμε με τον εκσυγχρονισμό των ψηφιακών «τροχών» της δημόσιας διοίκησης σαν έναν επιπλέον μοχλό ανάπτυξης των πόλεων του σήμερα. Μελετήσαμε τα συστήματα διαχείρισης απορριμμάτων των έξυπνων πόλεων, που αποτελούν ένα από τα βασικότερα προβλήματα της τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης αλλά και της ανθρωπότητας εν γένει. Αποδημήσαμε τις κοινωνικές και πολιτικές προεκτάσεις των έξυπνων πόλεων φτάνοντας μέχρι την ανισότητα και την κοινωνική αδικία και τη σημαντικότητα του ψηφιακού αναλφαβητισμού. Η μελέτη αυτή, από το ξεκίνημα της έως την ολοκλήρωση της, μετασχηματίσθηκε μέσα από κοσμοϊστορικά γεγονότα όπως η κλιματική αλλαγή, η πανδημία Covid-19, ο πόλεμος μεταξύ Ουκρανίας και Ρωσίας και η επερχόμενη ενεργειακή κρίση. Μεταξύ διαφόρων συμπερασμάτων καταλήξαμε πως η συνεκτική μορφή των έξυπνων πόλεων σήμερα, περισσότερο από κάθε άλλη φορά, θα πρέπει να κινείται σε ράγες ανατροφοδότησης και άμεσου ανασχηματισμού.
Οικολογία
Authors: Μηνιώτης Ζαννής
Published: December 2022

Ο στόχος της διεπιστημονικής εργασίας και η πρωτοτυπία της έγκειται στην προσπάθεια προσέγγισης της οικολογίας ως λόγο περί του ευρύτερου "οίκου" του ανθρώπου, μέσα από μια διαλεκτική σχέση της αισθητικής, της κατ' αίσθηση αντίληψης του κόσμου και των όντων, την υλική τους υπόσταση και της ορθοδοξίας ως συγκεκριμένου τρόπου ζωής και χρήσεως του κόσμου.Πράγματι, γίνεται πλέον συνείδηση ότι η διαταραγμένη σχέση του ανθρώπου με το περιβάλλον είναι απότοκος της διαταραχθείσας εσωτερικής – ηθικής ισορροπίας του ανθρώπου . Ο μακρόκοσμος –η κτίση στενάζει σήμερα, γιατί προηγήθηκε ο στεναγμός του μικρόκοσμου- του ανθρώπου. Απόλυτα λογικό, εφόσον «ό,τι συμβαίνει στον άνθρωπο, καταγράφεται σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο.Η παρούσα κρίση δεν είναι έξω από εμάς, μια κρίση στο φυσικό μας περιβάλλον, αλλά μια κρίση μέσα μας, στον τρόπο που σκεπτόμαστε και αισθανόμαστε. Το ουσιαστικό πρόβλημα δεν βρίσκεται στο οικοσύστημα, αλλά στην ανθρώπινη καρδιά. Έχει ειπωθεί πολύ σωστά ότι πάσχουμε από οικολογική καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι το αληθινό πρόβλημα δεν είναι τεχνολογικό ούτε οικονομικό, αλλά βαθιά πνευματικό. Αν η ατμόσφαιρα μολύνεται όλο και περισσότερο, αν οι λίμνες και τα ποτάμια έχουν δηλητηριαστεί, αν τα δάση πεθαίνουν και τα πράσινα λιβάδια της γης καταντούν έρημοι, αυτό συμβαίνει επειδή εμείς οι άνθρωποι έχουμε αποξενωθεί από τον Θεό και από τον αληθινό εαυτό μας. Έχουμε πάθει συλλογική απώλεια μνήμης και, ξεχνώντας ποιοι είμαστε, χάσαμε τη σωστή σχέση με τον κόσμο γύρω μαςΗ Ορθόδοξη παράδοσή μας μπορεί να βοηθήσει τον κόσμο να επανεύρει το χαμένο του κάλλος και την αρχέγονη ωραιότητά του, όπως και τον άνθρωπο να αναπτύξει μια υγιή και αρμονική σχέση όχι μόνο με την πνευματική ζωή αλλά και με το φυσικό του περιβάλλον Συνοψίζοντας θα επιθυμούσαμε να υπογραμμίσουμε τα εξής σημεία:α) Εφόσον το οικολογικό είναι πρώτιστα θέμα πνευματικό – ηθικό, που σημαίνει ότι η αιτία του ανάγεται στον άνθρωπο, τότε η θεραπεία της οικολογικής κρίσης πρέπει να ξεκινήσει από το σημείο που άρχισε η αρρώστια- από τον άνθρωπο. Η αντιστροφή της οικολογικής κρίσης, μιας κρίσης που οδηγεί αναπόδραστα στην καταστροφή, προϋποθέτει μεταστροφή του ανθρώπου και επιστροφή σε δοκιμασμένες πολιτισμικές αξίες.β) Στο βαθμό που ο αλλοτριωμένος σύγχρονος άνθρωπος είναι καρπός του δυτικού πολιτισμικού «παραδείγματος», απαιτείται ανατροπή αυτού του «παραδείγματος» και πρόταση ενός άλλου, που θα υπερβαίνει τις αρνητικές για τον άνθρωπο και τη φύση συνιστώσες του Δυτικού Πολιτισμού.γ) Η ελληνο-ορθόδοξη παράδοση αποτελεί, φρονούμε, τη ζητούμενη εναλλακτική πρόταση. Ως εκ τούτου, η καθ΄ ημάς Περιβαλλοντική Αγωγή και Εκπαίδευση οφείλει να εστιάσει το ενδιαφέρον της στα κείμενα και τα λοιπά ποικίλα μνημεία αυτής της παράδοσης, αξιοποιώντας τις απαντήσεις της σε εθνικό επίπεδο πρωτίστως, αλλά και εξάγοντας ακολούθως, ει δυνατόν, την ελληνο-ορθόδοξη εναλλακτική οικολογική πρόταση σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα.Με αυτές τις προϋποθέσεις μπορούμε να ελπίζουμε, ότι ο άνθρωπος της τρίτης χιλιετίας θα δυνηθεί να μορφώσει τη δέουσα οικολογική συνείδηση και να βιώσει την ύπαρξή του ως «καύσιν καρδίας ὑπέρ πάσης τῆς κτίσεως».
University As a Center of Multi-Level Continuing Education: Approaches, Principles, Experience of Implementation
Authors: Shimlina I.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the approaches and principles of creating a regional model of continuing education on the example of the university campus of the Siberian State Industrial University to solve the problems of providing quality education, providing opportunities to meet the broad educational needs of students and creating conditions for solving problems that contribute to the sustainable development of the territory. The model of development of the university's continuing education system is implemented through the integration and continuity of educational programs at all levels of training, based on a set of principles: multilevel and continuity; integration and networking; compliance and quality; academic mobility; advanced development; openness; social partnership. Keywords: model of continuing education, integration and continuity of educational programs, multilevel, networking, social partnership, practice-oriented educational programs.
Ethylene as an synomone to ants and wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) at a Coffea canephora (Pierre) plantation
Authors: De Souza Moisés Santos , Costa José Nilton Medeiros , Silva Alexandre de Almeida e
Published: December 2022

Ethylene is a volatile phytohormone that plays an important role in the physiological processes of coffee plants. However, the role of this compound as a semiochemical in the tritrophic interaction involving Hypothenemus hampei, Coffea canephora, and hymenopteran insects remains unknown. Ethylene-baited traps were used in a coffee plantation in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted during the fruit maturation period (March and April). Ethylene did not attract H. hampei compared to control traps (distilled water) but was significantly attractive to hymenopterans suggesting that it acts as a synomone.
Bias, Safeguards, and the Limits of Individuals
Authors: Ancell Aaron
Published: December 2022

The Radical Behavioral Challenge (RBC) contends that due to normal human cognitive biases, many standard prescriptions of business ethics run afoul of the principle that ‘ought implies can.’ Von Kriegstein responds to this challenge by arguing that those prescriptions are wide-scope obligations that can be fulfilled by recusing oneself or by establishing appropriate safeguards. I argue that this solution falls short of fully resolving the RBC because individuals will often be incapable of recognizing when they are biased and incapable of establishing appropriate safeguards.