bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Identification of Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water from Fluorescence Spectra Based on Deep Learning Using Convolutional Autoencoder
Authors: Yu Jie , Cao Yitong , Shi Fei , Shi Jiegen , Hou Dibo , Huang Pingjie , Zhang Guangxin , Zhang Hongjian
Published: September 2021

Three dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy has become increasingly useful in the detection of organic pollutants. However, this approach is limited by decreased accuracy in identifying low concentration pollutants. In this research, a new identification method for organic pollutants in drinking water is accordingly proposed using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy data and a deep learning algorithm. A novel application of a convolutional autoencoder was designed to process high-dimensional fluorescence data and extract multi-scale features from the spectrum of drinking water samples containing organic pollutants. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), an implementation of gradient-boosted decision trees, was used to identify the organic pollutants based on the obtained features. Method identification performance was validated on three typical organic pollutants in different concentrations for the scenario of accidental pollution. Results showed that the proposed method achieved increasing accuracy, in the case of both high-(>10 μg/L) and low-(≤10 μg/L) concentration pollutant samples. Compared to traditional spectrum processing techniques, the convolutional autoencoder-based approach enabled obtaining features of enhanced detail from fluorescence spectral data. Moreover, evidence indicated that the proposed method maintained the detection ability in conditions whereby the background water changes. It can effectively reduce the rate of misjudgments associated with the fluctuation of drinking water quality. This study demonstrates the possibility of using deep learning algorithms for spectral processing and contamination detection in drinking water.
A Theoretical Study of the Hydrodynamic Performance of an Asymmetric Fixed-Detached OWC Device
Authors: Medina Rodríguez Ayrton Alfonso , Silva Casarín Rodolfo , Blanco Ilzarbe Jesús María
Published: September 2021

The chamber configuration of an asymmetric, fixed-detached Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device was investigated theoretically to analyze its effects on hydrodynamic performance. Two-dimensional linear wave theory was used, and the solutions for the associated radiation and scattering boundary value problems (BVPs) were derived through the matched eigenfunction expansion method (EEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). The results for the hydrodynamic efficiency and other important hydrodynamic properties were computed and analyzed for various cases. Parameters, such as the length of the chamber and the thickness and submergence of the rear and front walls, were varied. The effects on device performance of adding a step under the OWC chamber and reflecting wall in the downstream region were also investigated. A good agreement between the analytical and numerical results was found. Thinner walls and low submergence of the chamber were seen to increase the efficiency bandwidth. The inclusion of a step slightly reduced the frequency at which resonance occurs, and when a downstream reflecting wall is included, the hydrodynamic efficiency is noticeably reduced at low frequencies due to the near trapped waves in the gap between the OWC device and the rigid vertical wall.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Hot Springs and Their Short-Term Seismic Precursor Anomalies along the Xiaojiang Fault Zone, Southeast Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Chenhua , Zhou Xiaocheng , Yan Yucong , Ouyang Shupei , Liu Fengli
Published: September 2021

Significant hydrogeochemical changes may occur prior- and post-earthquakes. The Xiaojiang fault zone (XJF), situated in a highly deformed area of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the active seismic areas. In this study, major and trace elements, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of 28 sites in hot springs along the XJF were investigated from June 2015 to April 2019. The meteoric water acts as the primary water source of the hot spring in the XJF and recharged elevations ranged from 1.8 to 4.5 km. Most of the hot spring water in the study area was immature water and the water–rock reaction degree was weak. The temperature range was inferred from an equation based on the SiO2 concentration and chemical geothermal modeling: 24.3~96.0 °C. The circulation depth for the springs was estimated from 0.45 to 4.04 km. We speculated the meteoric water firstly infiltrated underground and became heated by heat sources, and later circulated to the earth’s surface along the fault and fracture and finally constituted hot spring recharge. Additionally, a continuous monitoring was conducted every three days in the Xundian hot spring since April 2019, and in Panxi and Qujiang hot springs since June 2019. There were short-term (4–35 d) seismic precursor anomalies of the hydrochemical compositions prior to the Xundian ML4.2, Dongchuan ML4.2, and Shuangbai ML5.1 earthquakes. The epicentral distance of anomalous sites ranged from 19.1 to 192.8 km. The anomalous amplitudes were all over 2 times the anomaly threshold. The concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and SO42− are sensitive to the increase of stress in the XJF. Modeling on hydrology cycles of hot springs can provide a plausible physicochemical basis to explain geochemical anomalies in water and the hydrogeochemical anomaly may be useful in future earthquake prediction research of the study area.
Development and Evaluation of Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate Soil Moisture Content at Field Capacity and Permanent Wilting Point for South African Soils
Authors: Myeni Lindumusa , Mdlambuzi Thandile , Paterson David Garry , De Nysschen Gert , Moeletsi Mokhele Edmond
Published: September 2021

This study was undertaken to develop new pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of soil moisture content at field capacity (FC, at −33 kPa) and permanent wilting point (PWP, at −1500 kPa) for South African soils based on easily measurable soil physico-chemical properties. The new PTFs were developed using stepwise multiple linear regressions with the dependent variable (either FC or PWP) against clay, silt, sand and soil organic carbon (SOC) content from a total of 3171 soil horizons as the explanatory variables. These new PTFs were evaluated and compared with five well-established PTFs using a total of 3136 soil horizons as an independent dataset. The coefficient of determination (r2) values for the existing PTFs ranged from 0.65–0.72 for FC and 0.72–0.81 for PWP, whilst those developed in this study were 0.77 and 0.82 for FC and PWP, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the well-established PTFs ranged from 0.052–0.058 kg kg−1 for FC and 0.030–0.036 kg kg−1 for PWP, whilst those developed in this study were 0.047 and 0.029 kg kg−1 for FC and PWP, respectively. These findings suggest that PTFs derived locally using a large number of soil horizons acquired from different agro-climatic locations improved the estimation of soil moisture at FC and PWP. Due to the range of conditions and large soil datasets used in this study, it is concluded that these new PTFs can be applied with caution in other regions facing data scarcity but with similar soil types and climatic conditions.
Human Contribution to the Variation of Runoff under Climatic Background over the Laohahe Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Gong Luyan , Ren Liliang , Yuan Shanshui , Jiang Shanhu
Published: September 2021

The Laohahe basin is one of the typical semi-arid regions in Northeast China. Quantitatively estimating the contributions of human intervention and climatic variability on runoff changes in this region will help enhance the understanding of local hydrological mechanisms and provide an effective reference for water resources planning and management in other semi-arid regions of the world. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to analyze the temporal trends of annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and runoff in the whole Laohahe basin and its three sub-basins from 1964 to 2015. The annual runoff showed a decreasing trend in each sub-basin. The change-points of annual runoff detected by Pettitt’s test and residual analysis based on double mass curves (RA-DMC) are 1979 and 1998, and the baseline period and change period of each basin are 1964–1979 and 1980–2015. The RA-DMC method and the VIC model were used to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of human intervention and climatic variability to runoff change, which vary in time and space over the past 52 years. The contributions of human intervention to runoff reduction during 1980–2015 was more than 80%. On a multi-decadal temporal scale, human intervention had a stronger impact on runoff during 1980–1989, 2000–2009, and 2010–2015. The influence of human intervention on runoff reduction is gradually increasing in the 21st century. Besides, human intervention has a greater impact in dry years than in wet years. The increase of cropland area leads to a significant increase in irrigation area, which further leads to an increase in the demand for agricultural water, which is also the main reason for the sharp reduction of runoff in the Laohahe basin.
Socio-Economic Indexes for Water Use in Irrigation in a Representative Basin of the Tropical Semiarid Region
Authors: Frizzone José Antonio , Lima Sílvio Carlos Ribeiro Vieira , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa , Mateos Luciano
Published: September 2021

Performance evaluation of irrigated agriculture is an important tool that assists in decision-making on water management in the river basin, particularly in tropical semiarid regions. This study was carried out using information from the Jaguaribe River basin, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, which has an important restriction in the availability of water resources and high competition for water use. From a set of indicators (production, water, economic, and social), the overall performance index of irrigated agriculture was estimated (ranging from zero to 1.0) for two scenarios: high water scarcity and low water scarcity. The performance index used was based on the mean value of these security criteria normalized with respect to the maximum value of the indicator for the crop obtained in the sub-basin. A low performance index of irrigated agriculture (less than 0.3) has always been associated with inadequacy of more than one security indicator. Crops with significant cultivated areas and, therefore, requiring a high volume of irrigation, such as rice, sugar cane, banana, and green coconut, require technical interventions related to the management of the soil–water–plant system aiming at improving yield with less water. Under conditions of water restrictions, crops with performance indexes higher than 0.3 should be prioritized. The study presented here for Jaguaribe River basin may support public policies related to irrigation and agronomic techniques necessary to improve the performance of agricultural under tropical dry lands.
Behaviors of the Yukon River Sediment Plume in the Bering Sea: Relations to Glacier-Melt Discharge and Sediment Load
Authors: Chikita Kazuhisa , Wada Tomoyuki , Kudo Isao , Saitoh Sei-Ichi , Hirawake Toru , Toratani Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2021

Sediment plumes, released to the Bering Sea from the delta front of the Yukon River, Alaska, are initiated mainly by glacier-melt sediment runoffs in the glacierized regions of the Yukon River drainage basin. The surface sediment plumes are extended around the fan-shaped Yukon River delta, which is followed by the northwestward dispersion. During continuous measurements of the Yukon River discharge and sediment load, behaviors of the sediment plumes were explored by shipboard and coastal observations in the Bering Sea. At the high river sediment load of ca. 2500 kg/s, the plume partially plunged into the sea bottom layer. The plunging probably originated in the nepheloid-layer formation from the flocculation of river-suspended sediment, of which more than 90% wt. is silt and clay (grain size d < 63 μm). In order to numerically obtain the area of the surface sediment plumes, a satellite image analysis was performed by using three near-infrared bands in MODIS/Aqua or MODIS/Terra. The plume area was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.735, p < 0.01) to the sediment load averaged for the two days with time lags of 20 days and 21 days to the date of a certain satellite image. Hence, the dispersion of plume-suspended sediment appears to be controlled by the sediment runoff events in the Yukon River rather than the northward “Alaskan Coastal Water”.
Resident Perception and Willingness to Pay for the Restoration and Revitalization of Urban Rivers
Authors: Lee Frederick Y. S. , Ma Anson T. H. , Cheung Lewis T. O.
Published: September 2021

River revitalization, also called river restoration, has been implemented globally to restore urban river ecosystems that would benefit both the environment and local residents in various ways. The Hong Kong government has been attempting to revitalize local urban rivers; however, the perception and value of river restoration have not been assessed. With the application of a contingent valuation method, a questionnaire survey was designed to capture the attitude, place attachment, and willingness to pay (WTP) of Hong Kong residents in the context of urban rivers and river revitalization, and a proposed scenario for revitalization is given. The relationships among WTP, attitude and place attachment were explored through regression analysis. A total of 400 questionnaire samples were collected from Hong Kong residents, and over 75% of respondents were willing to pay for the proposed scenario. The results from regression analysis indicated that attitude, place dependence, place identity, and place social bonding positively influenced WTP and WTP bid amounts. In contrast, the place effect was unexpectedly found to be negatively correlated with WTP. Implications were drawn from these results, and recommendations were made concerning the features to be restored and conserved in future river revitalization work and the need to provide quality urban nature-based spaces for citizens.
Antioxidant and Organic Dye Removal Potential of Cu-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Gazania rigens Extract
Authors: Younas Umer , Gulzar Afzaal , Ali Faisal , Pervaiz Muhammad , Ali Zahid , Khan Safia , Saeed Zohaib , Ahmed Mukhtiar , Alothman Asma A.
Published: September 2021

Copper-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu-Ni BNPs) were fabricated using an eco-friendly green method of synthesis. An extract of synthesized Gazania rigens was used for the synthesis of BNPs followed by characterization employing different techniques including UV/Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Spectrophotometric studies (UV-Vis and FTIR) confirmed the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles. The SEM studies indicated that the particle size ranged from 50 to 100 nm. Analysis of the BNPs by the XRD technique confirmed the presence of both Cu and Ni crystal structure. The synthesized nanoparticles were then tested for their catalytic potential for photoreduction of methylene blue dye in an aqueous medium and DPPH radical scavenging in a methanol medium. The BNPs were found to be efficient in the reduction of methylene blue dye as well as the scavenging of DPPH free radicals such that the MB dye was completely degraded in just 17 min at the maximum absorption of 660 nm. Therefore, it is concluded that Cu-Ni BNPs can be successfully synthesized using Gazania rigens extract with suitable size and potent catalytic and radical scavenging activities.
Impacts of Feedwater Quality Change on the Oldest Continuously Operated Brackish-Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant in the United States
Authors: Pearson Jeffrey L. , Hegy Michael , Missimer Thomas M.
Published: September 2021

Brackish groundwater is abundant in many coastal zones of the world. The water can be economically treated with low-pressure reverse osmosis. A key issue is the stability of the feedwater pumped from groundwater systems. Commonly, groundwater solute-transport models are used to evaluate the long-term changes in salinity with time that impact brackish-water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination system process design. These models are run to assess changes over a 20- to 40-year period. The City of Cape Coral, Florida operates two regional BWRO facilities with the South Plant being the oldest continuously operated system in the world. This facility has a capacity of 68,182 m3/d and can treat raw water with a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration up to 4000 mg/L. Two solute transport models were constructed to evaluate future salinity change in the groundwater source. The first model conducted in 1991 produced a range of probable changes with a high, most probable (mid), and low range. Actual data confirm the low range of the model produced an accurate result (within 15%) and that the 4000 mg/L threshold would not be exceeded until beyond 2031. The second modeling effort conducted in 2014 suggested that the 4000 mg/L TDS threshold would be reached in 2018, which did not happen. The use of real data and regression analyses for all wells suggests that the 4000 mg/L TDS concentration will not be exceeded until after 2060. Once the TDS threshold is reached, the plant would require a process change to allow treatment of higher TDS water. The current analysis shows that plant process design modification would not be required for up to 40 years into the future. The standard conceptual model assuming predominantly upward recharge during pumping was accurate with the addition of an enhanced zone of leakage caused by a fracture zone or a fault. A key issue that contributed to the success of the facility was the use of groundwater solute transport modeling prior to the final design of the membrane process during plant expansions.
Identification of Potential Surface Water Resources for Inland Aquaculture from Sentinel-2 Images of the Rwenzori Region of Uganda
Authors: Ssekyanzi Athanasius , Nevejan Nancy , Van der Zande Dimitry , Brown Molly E. , Van Stappen Gilbert
Published: September 2021

Aquaculture has the potential to sustainably meet the growing demand for animal protein. The availability of water is essential for aquaculture development, but there is no knowledge about the potential inland water resources of the Rwenzori region of Uganda. Though remote sensing is popularly utilized during studies involving various aspects of surface water, it has never been employed in mapping inland water bodies of Uganda. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of seven remote-sensing derived water index methods to map the available surface water resources in the Rwenzori region using moderate resolution Sentinel 2A/B imagery. From the four targeted sites, the Automated Water Extraction Index for urban areas (AWEInsh) and shadow removal (AWEIsh) were the best at identifying inland water bodies in the region. Both AWEIsh and AWEInsh consistently had the highest overall accuracy (OA) and kappa (OA > 90%, kappa > 0.8 in sites 1 and 2; OA > 84.9%, kappa > 0.61 in sites 3 and 4), as well as the lowest omission errors in all sites. AWEI was able to suppress classification noise from shadows and other non-water dark surfaces. However, none of the seven water indices used during this study was able to efficiently extract narrow water bodies such as streams. This was due to a combination of factors like the presence of terrain shadows, a dense vegetation cover, and the image resolution. Nonetheless, AWEI can efficiently identify other surface water resources such as crater lakes and rivers/streams that are potentially suitable for aquaculture from moderate resolution Sentinel 2A/B imagery.
Various Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Responsible for Water Quality Degradation: A Review
Authors: Akhtar Naseem , Syakir Ishak Muhammad Izzuddin , Bhawani Showkat Ahmad , Umar Khalid
Published: September 2021

Recognition of sustainability issues around water resource consumption is gaining traction under global warming and land utilization complexities. These concerns increase the challenge of gaining an appropriate comprehension of the anthropogenic activities and natural processes, as well as how they influence the quality of surface water and groundwater systems. The characteristics of water resources cause difficulties in the comprehensive assessment regarding the source types, pathways, and pollutants behaviors. As the behavior and prediction of widely known contaminants in the water resources remain challenging, some new issues have developed regarding heavy metal pollutants. The main aim of this review is to focus on certain essential pollutants’ discharge from anthropogenic activities categorized based on land-use sectors such as industrial applications (solid/liquid wastes, chemical compounds, mining activities, spills, and leaks), urban development (municipal wastes, land use practices, and others), and agricultural practices (pesticides and fertilizers). Further, important pollutants released from natural processes classified based on climate change, natural disasters, geological factors, soil/matrix, and hyporheic exchange in the aquatic environment, are also discussed. Moreover, this study addresses the major inorganic substances (nitrogen, fluoride, and heavy metals concentrations). This study also emphasizes the necessity of transdisciplinary research and cross-border communication to achieve sustainable water quality using sound science, adaptable legislation, and management systems.
Horticultural Performance of Greenhouse Cherry Tomatoes Irrigated Automatically Based on Soil Moisture Sensor Readings
Authors: de Oliveira Henrique Fonseca E. , de Moura Campos Hugo , Mesquita Marcio , Machado Roriz Luciano , Vale Luis Sérgio Rodrigues , Siqueira Ana Paula Silva , Ferrarezi Rhuanito Soranz
Published: September 2021

Precision irrigation is essential to improve water use efficiency (WUE), defined as the amount of biomass produced per unit of water used by plants. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of different soil volumetric water content (VWC) in plant growth, fruit yield, quality, and WUE of cherry tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. We tested four VWC thresholds (0.23, 0.30, 0.37, and 0.44 m3 m−3) to trigger a drip irrigation system in two tomato cultivars (‘Sweet Heaven’ and ‘Mascot F1’). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. We used capacitance sensors connected to an open-source, low-cost platform to monitor and control the irrigation in real-time based on demand. Plants were watered every time the soil VWC dropped below the set thresholds. The treatment with VWC 0.44 m3 m−3 resulted in the highest fruit yield, with 102.10% higher WUE when compared to the VWC 0.23 m3 m−3 in both cultivars. Fruit quality traits such as longitudinal and equatorial diameter increased asymptotically with soil water content. In contrast, treatments with deficit irrigation increased the fruit soluble solids by 15.73% in both cultivars. These results strongly suggest that accurate control of the soil VWC is essential to modulate the fruit yield and quality attributes in tomatoes produced in the greenhouse.
The Waterlogging Process Model in the Paddy Fields of Flat Irrigation Districts
Authors: Xiong Yujiang , Liu Zhenyang , Liu Fengli , Yuan Niannian , Fu Haolong
Published: September 2021

Flat, low-lying agricultural areas such as irrigation districts in southern China have been increasingly vulnerable to flood inundation disasters because of the increased runoff associated with urbanization and climate change. In this study, we developed a waterlogging process simulation model comprising two parts: runoff generation module and runoff confluence module. An improved tank model and hydrodynamic model based on Saint–Venant equations were adopted in the runoff generation and confluence module, respectively. The results show that the model’s relative error and root mean square error are 2.1% and 0.17 mm/h, and the Nash coefficient of the model is 0.91. The relative error of river level simulation was within 5%, and the Nash coefficient was higher than 0.9. The proposed waterlogging simulation model could be a valuable tool for describing the process of waterlogging generation, accumulation, and confluence in the studied irrigation district or other regions with similar climatic conditions.
Analysis of Flow Field Characteristics and Pressure Pulsation in Horizontal Axis Double-Runner Francis Turbine
Authors: Yang Chunxia , Wu Jiawei , Xu Dinge , Zheng Yuan , Hu Xueyuan , Long Zhe
Published: September 2021

Horizontal axis double-runner Francis turbines have great advantages in the development of small hydropower plants, but the arrangement of double runners aggravates the complexity of the water flow between runners, and the mutual influence of the two runners cannot be ignored. In order to explore the relationship between the performance and the internal flow field and investigate the pressure pulsation characteristics of the double-runner Francis turbine, the steady and unsteady numerical analysis of the full flow channel of a prototype turbine was carried out based on the Realizable k-epsilon model and the polyhedral mesh method. The results show that the relationship between the average efficiency of the two runners and the flow difference between the runners is negatively correlated. As the flow rate difference between the runners on both sides increases, the average efficiency of the runners decreases. The draft tube flow of a horizontal-axis turbine has a profound effect on the flow field characteristics in the runner. When the working conditions change, the turning and converging timing of the mainstream at the outlet of the two runners will change. The movement of the mainstream promotes the change in location of the dead water zone. The existence of the vortex zone makes the pressure distribution at the outlet of the runner uneven, which is an important reason for the asymmetry of the flow in the runner. The analysis of pressure pulsation and its frequency spectrum shows that when the working conditions change, the low-frequency, strong pressure pulsation area on the surface of the guide vane will regularly migrate between the two runners, while the high-frequency pressure pulsation that occurs in the bladeless zone will dissipate in the runner. The doubling of the blade frequency on the pressure surface and back surface of the blades gradually attenuates with the increase of frequency. The pressure pulsation attenuation on the surface of the high-position blade conforms to the linear law, and the attenuation of the pressure pulsation on the surface of the low-position blade conforms to the exponential law. The research in this paper provides a certain reference value for revealing the flow field mechanism and pressure pulsation characteristics of the double-runner Francis turbine.
Assessing Water Poverty of Livelihood Groups in Peri-Urban Areas around Dhaka under a Changing Environment
Authors: Jaren Lamiya Sharmeen , Mondal M. Shahjahan
Published: September 2021

Water poverty, measured by the Water Poverty Index (WPI), is traditionally applied at country and community levels. This study presents a livelihood-inclusive approach for measuring WPI at the livelihood group level. The specific objectives are to evaluate present and future WPIs for different livelihood groups, such as large and small male farmers, female farmers, male and female industrial workers and economically inactive women. Primary data are collected from three peri-urban areas around Dhaka using a mixed approach, including a semi-structured questionnaire survey of 260 respondents. The WPIs are calculated by using a weighted multiplicative function, and the component weights are assigned by principal component analysis. The results show that the economically inactive women are presently the most water-poor group, with a WPI value of 41, whereas the small male farmers would be the most water-poor group in the future, with a WPI value of 34. Environmental changes, such as high temperature, variability in rainfall and surface water, lowering of groundwater level, rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization, are found to be responsible for the dynamism in WPIs for different livelihood groups. The Resource and Environment components should be paid immediate attention in order to protect peri-urban livelihood groups from future water poverty.
Safety Analysis and Risk Control of Shore-Based Bunkering Operations for Hydrogen Powered Ships
Authors: Feng Yuxiang , Cao Jiaolong , Zhang Yufeng , Jin Ding
Published: September 2021

In order to ensure the safety of shore-based hydrogen bunkering operations, this paper takes a 2000-ton bulk hydrogen powered ship as an example. Firstly, the HAZID method is used to identify the hazards of hydrogen bunkering, then the probability of each scenario is analyzed, and then the consequences of scenarios with high risk based on FLACS software is simulated. Finally, the personal risk of bunkering operation is evaluated and the bunkering restriction area is defined. The results show that the personal risk of shore-based bunkering operation of hydrogen powered ship is acceptable, but the following risk control measures should be taken: (1) The bunkering restriction area shall be delineated, and only the necessary operators are allowed to enter the area and control the any form of potential ignition source; (2) The hose is the high risk hazards during bunkering. The design form of bunkering arm and bunkering hose is considered to shorten the length of the hose as far as possible; (3) A safe distance between shore-based hydrogenation station and the building outside the station should be guaranteed. The results have a guiding role in effectively reducing the risk of hydrogen bunkering operation.
desafios do ensino inovador
Authors: Antunes Junior Osmar Dos Reis , Mattge Giselle , Krause Daisy Fernanda Ibanez , Pensin Taiana Grespan
Published: September 2021

A metodologia ativa é uma forma de ensino na qual o aluno é protagonista para construção do seu conhecimento. Apesar de inovadora, essa estratégia pedagógica gera dúvidas, questionamentos e diferentes posicionamentos. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a percepção e a aceitação de alunos de Farmácia de uma faculdade privada do Oeste do Paraná em relação à metodologia de ensino utilizada na instituição. O trabalho foi fruto de uma pesquisa desenvolvida por um grupo de alunos do segundo semestre da graduação em Farmácia durante um projeto voltado à escrita acadêmica. Para atingir o objetivo, foi aplicado um questionário a 30 alunos do quarto semestre do curso em questão. Com as repostas do questionário, foi possível compreender como a metodologia ativa é assertiva e capaz de desenvolver habilidades e competências mediante situações, desafios e problemas que são propostos no curso. Essa experiência permitiu constatar que a aplicação de métodos ativos de ensino e aprendizado é imprescindível para a construção do conhecimento libertador e autônomo.
Коллективизация вилюнейских чукчей: причины и ход противостояния
Authors:   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan, Khakhovskaya L. N.
Published: September 2021

The author analyzes the process of collectivization of the Vilyuney Chukchi local group. Chukchi reindeer herders put up armed resistance to Soviet reforms. The central event of the Vilyuney Chukchi collectivization, known as the Beryozovo village riot, has a great resonance. The author traces the historical, social, and ethnocultural background of the Vilyuneу Chukchi long-term opposition to the Soviet power. The conclusion is that during collectivization the Vilyuney Chukchi were following the ethnic interaction stereotypes developed in the previous historical period.
O impacto do uso da colchicina na mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19
Authors: Bhering Natália Bianca Vales , Zein Ahmad Kassem El , Lopes Bruno Henrique Oliveira Silva , Camargos Letícia Braga , Rezende Lucas Ferreira , Rios Maria Eduarda Coral Franco , Gariglio Mariana Souza Lima , Costa Marina Peloso Naves , de Lima Marlon Miguel Bianchi , Freire Mirella Marques
Published: September 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: COVID-19 é uma patologia respiratória semelhante à gripe e pode se tornar uma doença respiratória grave, ocasionando disfunção orgânica e levando ao óbito. Devido a sua propagação exagerada a OMS declarou uma “emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional”. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o impacto da colchicina na mortalidade de pacientes infectados pelo SARS-COV-2. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura realizada entre abril e maio de 2021, utilizando a base de dados Pubmed como fonte, buscando os descritores do DeCS: “colchicine”, "coronavírus", “mortality” e o operador boleano ''AND''. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 26 artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2021, englobando trabalhos caso-controles, metanálises, ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas, estudos coorte e revisão de literatura, destes foram selecionados 10 para escrever a discussão . DISCUSSÃO:  O uso da colchicina diminui o estado inflamatório exacerbado causado pela infecção do SARS-COV-2, reduzindo complicações e o óbito dos pacientes. Seu uso aumentou a sobrevida, reduz o tempo e a necessidade do uso de oxigenoterapia, a gravidade da doença e previne hospitalização. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram benefícios da colchicina principalmente na morbimortalidade de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN PEDOMAN AKUNTANSI PESANTREN MENGGUNAKAN PSAK NO.45
Authors: Sahri Yulian
Published: September 2021

Finance is one of the factors that helps boarding schools succeed in their development efforts, since the financial field aids in the management of education. To preserve public trust in financial management, transparency and publishing in the form of presentation of financial statements in compliance with standards are required. It will also provide contributors a sense of security because they believe their donations have been properly managed. As professional organizations of accountants and architects of financial accounting standards in Indonesia, Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Institute of Accountants collaborated on the development of the Pesantren Accounting Guidelines, a financial reporting guide for boarding schools. The Financial Accounting Standards of Entities Without Public Accountability are the subject of this accounting guideline (SAK ETAP). Financial Position Report, Activity Report, Cash Flow Statement, and Notes on Financial Statements are the components of Pondok Pesantren financial statements based on pesantren accounting rules. This is a descriptive study that employs a mixed-methods approach (mixed methods). This study employs a mix of research methodologies (mixed methods), in which researchers employ both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in their investigation. Financial reports based on Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines have not been given by Al-Manar Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School and The lack of understanding of financial statement preparation on the part of the Islamic boarding school, as well as the lack of information and socialization related to the Accounting Guidelines for Islamic Boarding Schools
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN IPHONE APPLE YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ORANG YANG TINGGAL DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Zalicha Syarifah
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by the rapid development of smartphones, where smartphones are one of the main needs of human activity. Apple is a company that competes vigorously with one of its products, the iPhone. This study aims to determine whether the Brand Image, Brand Loyalty and Perceived Value factors can determine iPhone purchasing decisions by consumers who live in Jabodetabek. The sampling method that this study will use is the quantitative methods in the form of surveys questionnaires for data collection using Convenience Sampling. The number of samples used in this study was 372 people in Jabodetabek who used the Apple iPhone to represent the entire population. The results of this study indicate that Brand Image does not have a significant and positive influence on purchasing decisions made by consumers in Jabodetabek. While other variables, namely Brand Loyalty and Perceived Value, have a significant and positive influence on purchasing decisions made by consumers in Jabodetabek.
THE EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION WITHIN AN EVENT ORGANIZING COMPANY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC : STUDY OF EVENTX
Authors: Kurniawati Rani Candra , Wisesa Anggara
Published: September 2021

The entire economy in Indonesia experienced turmoil and decline due to the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Likewise, the event organizer industry also experienced a decline. All event organizer companies are having a hard time. Employee motivation at work is affected by internal and external factors, caused by dispositional factor or internal, such as personality trait, effort, mood, judgment, ability, motive, belief and situational factor or external, such as world’s phenomenon, other’s people attitude, time of day, task difficulty, and luck. This study analyzes employee motivation affected by dispositional and situational factors and influences employee performance while working in Event Organizer during Covid-19 Pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach with attribution theory and phenomenological method. Researcher conducts semi-structured interviews with three employees of the EventX company. The result of this study is the understanding of the factors that significantly influence the employee motivation of EventX through two approaches, dispositional and situational. The researcher found that there are changes in motivation and affect performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study will become a reference to increase motivation levels, especially for event industry amid the Covid-19 situation and enhance employee performance.
LOOP ANTENNA WITH A SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT
Authors: ТИТОВЕЦ П.А. , САТТАРОВА А.И. , ПИЩЕРКОВ А.А. , БЕКУШЕВ Н.С.
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты исследований рамочной антенны, в которой подстроечным элементом является фоторезистор, управляемый лазерным излучением. Показано, что использование фоторезистора как элемента внешнего контура рамочной антенны, включенного последовательно, позволяет изменять согласование рамочной антенны с помощью внешнего лазерного источника. Представлены результаты исследований характеристик коэффициента передачи рамочных антенн, состоящих из медной фольги на диэлектрической основе и полупроводникового элемента. Установлено, что при изменении интенсивности лазерного излучения, падающего на полупроводниковый элемент-фоторезистор, изменяется коэффициент отражения рамочной антенны. В диапазоне от 10 МГц до 18ГГц получены зависимости коэффициентов отражения (Su)рамочных антенн с полупроводниковым элементом. Проведено сравнение рамочной антенны и рамочной антенны с фоторезистором.

The results of an experiment with a loop antenna, in which the building element is a photoresistor controlled by laser radiation, are presented. It is shown that the use of a photoresistor as an element of the external contour of a loop antenna connected in series makes it possible to change the matching of the loop antenna due to an external laser source. The results of studies of the characteristics of the transmission coefficient of loop antennas consisting of a dielectric copper foil and a semiconductor element are presented. It was found that when the intensity of the laser radiation incident on the semiconductor element-photoresistor changes, the reflection coefficient of the frame antenna changes. In the range of 10 MHz-18 GHz, the dependences of the reflection coefficients (S11) of loop antennas with a semiconductor element are obtained. A comparison is made between a loop antenna and a loop antenna with a photoresistor.
Human Rights in the zones of non-being: Lessons on [not] speaking about and on behalf of “others” from J.M. Coetzee’s Foe
Authors: Ncube Ndumiso
Published: September 2021

One of the modern dictates of freedom is a human’s right to free speech as enshrined in the United Nations’ (2015) Universal Declaration of Humans Rights (UDHR) of 1948. The very concept of “universal” rights foregrounds the question on what and who is human. Following this universal doctrine, all freedoms, including the freedom to free speech translates ultimately to “beings” that are critically self-conscious, or at least beings who are regarded as human-beings, who are allowed to exist, to live, and to be free. Indeed, to examine what has happened to those who exist in Fanon’s (2008) zones of non-being who are denied their right to free speech even after the “universal” pronouncements of 1948 is equally important. In fact, all along and even today (and because of coloniality) the Third World citizens may still be denied their right to free speech, their right to be free from economic bondage or otherwise – which are, after all, their natural rights to be human. To be “free”, to be “human” or to “live” denotes that one has the ability to speak as the universal declaration accords. The voice (an ability to be heard) or its lack creates beings that are not regarded as human. Indeed, the effects of talking or not talking of the anthropos, or on behalf of them is explored, somewhat as the unreliability and the corruptibility of the authority of language and authorship. This is to say, the meaning and intentions (of the voice) that belongs to those in the zones of non-being are most often misunderstood, mistranslated and sometimes misread and unheard – stripping them of one of their essential human rights to be heard. This way, I seek to investigate the dilemma of the right to free speech in J.M. Coetzee’s novel Foe (1986) as well as challenge the UDHR declaration that all humans are born equal with a right to freedom of speech. I argue that the possession of language in the world where there are two zones, as illustrated in John Maxwell Coetzee’s Foe (1986) does not guarantee one to be heard or liberated.
Drawing a line in the sand: social mapping of responses to calls to ‘decolonise the university’
Authors: Behari-Leak Kasturi , Chetty Rajendra
Published: September 2021

The task of decolonisation is convoluted as the complexities of meanings as well as the multiple dimensions of decolonisation are vast and textured, depending on one’s vantage point and vested interests. This situation warrants a critical examination of what decolonisation has come to mean in the global South and how different subjectivities at a particular academic institution in the country are responding to the call for change.

The academic, social and political movement of decolonisation evokes a variety of reactions, responses and repercussions from a wide spectrum of the university community and its stakeholders. Ranging from conservative to radical, these responses reflect the range of discourses, values, beliefs and actions that the academic community embraces and might determine the extent to which the decolonisation movement can in fact succeed in its goals. This chapter critically analyses responses to the calls for decolonisation of the academy by #Fallist student movement. The aim is to ascertain whether the vision for transforming a largely socially exclusive and unjust academic project into one that is socially just, inclusive and transformed can be actualised in spite of resistance from those who wish to maintain the status quo. Reproducing old ways and patterns based on views of gratitude and charity by some academics has become confused with a social justice agenda and needs to be called out. Drawing on the work of Andreotti et al (2015), the paper uses social cartography (Paulston, 2009) as a discursive and analytical tool to understand the vocabularies and imaginaries of decolonisation at a research-intensive, traditional university.
ANALYSIS OF MIXED DATA TO SELECT BANANAS CLONES (Musa SPP.) TO BE INCLUDED IN A GERMPLASM BANK
Authors: Del Medico A. P. , Tenaglia G. , Lavalle A. L. , Vitelleschi M. S. , Pratta G. R.
Published: September 2021

In an asexually reproducing hybrid such as banana (Musa spp.), the assessment of clones in the short term is limited because replications are frequently unavailable in the proper number. The aim of this work is to propose the Multiple Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (MFAmix) as a tool for establishing objective criteria to identify banana clones that preserve variability for qualitative and quantitative variables. In the long term, the aim is the development of a banana germplasm bank. MFAmix was applied on a population composed of 124 banana clones collected from different farmers’ fields and four controls. Two groups of variables related to the agronomic aptitude of the clones were evaluated, one composed of nine quantitative variables, and the other, composed of three dichotomous qualitative variables. A Selection Index (SI) was built from the MFAmix coordinates in order to rank the clones and select a subset that allows to preserve the existing genetic variability. The first two axes of MFAmix explained a 49.47% of the total data variability. The set of the banana clones was successfully characterized based on quantitative and qualitative variables. In the long term, the creation of a banana germplasm bank should consider the height and diameter of the plant, the rachis bunch weight and the hands weight, and the qualitative variable plant leafiness.

Key words: asexual hybrid, collection of germplasm, multivariate analysis, Musaceae.
Specific Features of Water Bodies Restoration after Low Water Periods
Authors:   Popov A.N.
Published: September 2021

The paper gives possible approaches to solution of the task of reservoirs’ restoration after a prolonged low water period that is accompanied by dry-out of considerable water bodies’ bed areas and consequences of this process.
On the Issue of Establishment of Water Quality Regional Norms
Authors:   Bannikova O.A., Bychkova Y.N.
Published: September 2021

The article presents methods of identification of the background component of total iron, copper, zinc, manganese whose content in the Sverdlovsk Oblast rivers exceeds the prescribed values of maximal permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies (ПДКрх) due to the natural factor.
Analysis and Accounting of Channel Processes in Development of SIWBUP
Authors:   Berkovich K.M., Zavadskiy A.S., Chernov A.V.
Published: September 2021

The paper gives outcomes of research of channel processes manifestation forms and forecast assessment of their development at the Ural River basin rivers (within the boundaries of the Russian Federation) obtained in the process of development of the SIWBUP sections. The research program on accounting of channel processes within the framework of preparation of rationale for SIWBUP has been proposed.
Legal Protection for Children Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Riau Province
Authors: Daeng M. Yusuf , Daeng Yusuf Muhammad Fadly
Published: September 2021

Narcotics abuse can be categorized as a criminal act as regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The method used in this research is socio-legal research. In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, there is no distinction between the abuse committed by children who are already drug addicts and children who are victims of narcotics abuse and are taking narcotics for the first time, so that these children are combined at the time of the crime. It is hoped that there will be political will from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in order to provide legal protection for children who are victims of narcotics abuse. One of the obstacles faced by the Riau Regional Police in eradicating narcotics abuse by children is the minimal role of parents who are willing to report their children. Therefore, the Riau Regional Police should cooperate with religious leaders from MUI, traditional leaders from LAM Riau, as well as community leaders in order to provide enlightenment to the public about the dangers of narcotics abuse for the future of children.