bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the mechanism of summer monsoon rainfall modes over the west coast of India using model simulations
Authors: Phadtare Jayesh A. , Fletcher Jennifer K. , Ross Andrew N. , Turner Andrew G. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. , Burns Helen L.
Published: August 2023

A transition from a predominantly offshore to an onshore rainfall phase over the west coast of India was simulated using three one‐way nested domains with 12, 4, and 1.33 km horizontal grid spacing in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The mechanism of offshore–onshore rainfall oscillation and the orographic effects of the Western Ghats are studied. A convective parametrization scheme was employed only in the 12 km domain. A trough extending offshore from the west coast facilitates offshore rainfall. This trough is absent during the onshore phase, and rainfall occurs over the coast mainly via orographic uplift by the Western Ghats. The model overestimates rainfall over the Western Ghats at all resolutions as it consistently underestimates the boundary‐layer stratification along the coast. Weaker stratification weakens the blocking effect of the Western Ghats, resulting in anomalous deep convection and rainfall over its windward slopes. The 4 and 1.33 km domains simulate the offshore‐to‐onshore transition of rainfall but fail to capture a sufficient contrast in rainfall between land and sea compared with observations. The 12 km domain produces light rainfall, anchored along the coast, throughout the simulation period and, hence, gravely underestimates the offshore rainfall. The offshore rainfall persisted in the 4 and 1.33 km domains in a sensitivity experiment in which the Western Ghats were flattened. This suggests that orographic effects do not significantly influence offshore rainfall. In another experiment, the convective parametrization scheme in the 12 km domain was turned off. This experiment simulated the offshore and onshore rainfall phases correctly to some extent but the rainfall intensity was unrealistically high. Thus, a model with a horizontal grid spacing of , in which convection evolves explicitly, is desired for simulating the west‐coast rainfall variations. However, improvements in the representation of boundary‐layer processes are needed to capture the land–sea contrast.
Soil chemical and microbial gradients determine accumulation of root‐exuded secondary metabolites and plant–soil feedbacks in the field
Authors: Gfeller Valentin , Cadot Selma , Waelchli Jan , Gulliver Sophie , Terrettaz Céline , Thönen Lisa , Mateo Pierre , Robert Christelle A. M. , Mascher Fabio , Steinger Thomas , Bigalke Moritz , Erb Matthias , Schlaeppi Klaus
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Harnessing positive plant–soil feedbacks via crop rotations is a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. These feedbacks are often context‐dependent, and how soil heterogeneity explains this variation is unknown. Plants influence soil properties, including microbes, by exuding specialized metabolites. Benzoxazinoids, specialized metabolites released by cereals such as wheat and maize, can alter rhizosphere microbiota and performance of plants subsequently growing in the exposed soils and are thus an excellent model to study agriculturally relevant plant–soil feedbacks.

Materials and Methods

To understand local variation in soil properties on benzoxazinoid‐mediated plant–soil feedbacks, we conditioned plots with wild‐type maize and benzoxazinoid‐deficient bx1 mutants in a grid pattern across a field, and we then grew winter wheat in the following season. We determined accumulation of benzoxazinoids, root‐associated microbial communities, abiotic soil properties and wheat performance in each plot and then assessed their associations.

Results

We detected a marked gradient in soil chemistry and microbiota across the field. This gradient resulted in significant differences in benzoxazinoid accumulation, which were explained by differential benzoxazinoid degradation rather than exudation. Benzoxazinoid exudation modulated microbial diversity in root and rhizospheres during maize growth, but not during subsequent wheat growth, while the chemical fingerprint of benzoxazinoids persisted. Averaged across the field, we did not detect feedbacks on wheat performance and defence, apart from a transient decrease in biomass during vegetative growth. Closer analysis, however, revealed significant feedbacks along the chemical and microbial gradient of the field, with effects gradually changing from negative to positive along the gradient.

Conclusion

Overall, this study revealed that plant–soil feedbacks differ in strength and direction within a field and that this variation can be explained by standing chemical and microbial gradients. Understanding within‐field soil heterogeneity is crucial for the future exploitation of plant–soil feedbacks in sustainable precision agriculture.
3.3: Higher External Quantum Efficiency with Lower Current Density Injection of <10 μm Pixel Size Arrays for Display Application
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Feng Feng , Li Zichun , Chan Ka-Wah , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the gallium nitride (GaN) based Micro‐LED was fabricated based on a self‐aligned process with hydroxide treatment and ALD passivation from 100 μm down to 3 μm. The different current spreading performance was characterized based on the series resistance analysis. Then the size‐dependent carrier concentration profile was demonstrated via the capacitancevoltage measurement, identifying the various carrier injection behavior by different size. Finally, the external quantum efficiency and luminance versus current density dependence for array device and the single device was compared, revealing a higher efficiency at lower current density for array device, which is favorable for display application.
6.1: Adoption of Silicon Blue Semiconductor Laser Diode in Dehydrogenation of LTPS TFT Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Y. , Kinoshita M. , Okuno T. , Hashizume M. , Saito K. , Sawai T. , Gotoh J. , Sugimoto S.
Published: August 2023

We have investigated de‐hydrogenation of amorphous film using CW blue light semiconductor laser annealing (BLDA). Dehydrogenation of hydrogen content as high as 20% can be implemented by using BLDA. This technology can be applied for large substrate beyond G8. We will report related experiment results in this paper.
8.2: Invited Paper: The Full‐color Micro‐LED Display with Quantum Dots Inkjet Printing
Authors: Lin Yonghong , Huang Wenjun , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

A color conversion film, including red and green quantum dots, is fabricated using inkjet printing. To ensure the efficiency of the color conversion, a color filter is utilized to remove extra blue light. By selecting the appropriate central wavelength for the filter, the color conversion film can convert blue light to red and green light without extra blue light. The color conversion film is stimulated by blue micro‐LED, and the resulting color gamut can achieve 84.5% BT.2020. These results demonstrate that combining a quantum dots film with a color filter can result in full‐color micro‐LED displays.
13.1: The design and preparation of flexible MiniLED plate with nano‐Ag paste
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Wang Daiqing , Li Jianlin , Zheng He , Kano Ryohei , Zou Qiang , Yue Chunbo
Published: August 2023

The development and preparation process of a flexible MiniLED line subgrade board on a white reflective sheet was carried out in this paper using silk‐printing nanoscale silver paste assisted bonding technology. The design of the line conductivity parameter ‐ nanoscale silver paste parameter model, printing plate selection, and process verification were systematically completed, as well as the preparation and reliability confirmation of flexible MiniLED lamp board. The flexible MiniLED lamp board with disposable sintered nano silver slurry lines was successfully prepared, and the 65" backlight module was constructed.
17.1: SRAM‐based LED CMOS driver circuit for a 512x512 GaN microdisplay
Authors: Moro Victor , Canals Joan , Schöttler Georg , Bornemann Steffen , Waag Andreas , Prades Juan Daniel , Diéguez Angel
Published: August 2023

GaN microLED technology has the potential to offer displays
with high brightness, bandwidth, and long lifetime with a very low
energy consumption. Moreover, GaN‐on‐Si hybrid
interconnection technology allows the development of displays
with a very high pixel density integration. In this work we present
an in‐pixel driving circuit designed in a 0.18µm CMOS
technology to be integrated on a 512x512 microLED array by
using the KlettWelding hybrid interconnection technique forming
a microLED display of 1411 ppi with 10kfps working speed. The
pixel driver is able to achieve switching times of 1MHz and can
be operated at high bias currents of 120µA. The individual driver
consists of 4 SRAMs that apply a weighted current and allows to
avoid the current stability problems associated to CMOS
backplanes in hybridly interconnected displays.
20.4: Activation of Doped Silicon Film Using Semiconductor Blue Light Diode Laser Annealing
Authors: Yang Y. , Kinoshita M. , Okuno T. , Hashizume M. , Saito K. , Sawai T. , Gotoh J. , Sugimoto S.
Published: August 2023

We have investigated activation annealing of the doped poly silicon film of LTPS TFT by using CW semiconductor blue light diode laser. It has been found that by full melting and re‐crystallization, the sheet resistance can be reduced significantly to 1/3 of which can be realized by using conventional RTA treatment. We will report the experiment results in the paper.
25.2: High Efficiency and High Color Purity Green OLEDs with Narrow Spectra Emission
Authors: Li Guomeng , Li Baoyu , Zhang Di , Liu Bin , Li Mengzhen , Wang Hongyu , Song Wonjun , Zhu Xiu jian , Zeng Lichang , Liu Song , Jia Xiaoqin , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: August 2023

With the increasing performance demand from the display market,
it has become ever more important to realize wide color gamut and
low power consumption. Employing a phosphorescence‐sensitized
fluorescence (PSF) mechanism, we introduced a narrow‐spectrum
green light‐emitting layer (EML) to the state‐of‐the‐art OLED
device structure suitable for mass production and investigate its
effect on device performance. Compared with the reference
phosphorescent device, the optimal PSF devices have achieved
more than 20% efficiency improvement in the range of CIEx 0.17‐
0.27, showing the advantages of high efficiency and high color
purity.
26.1: Dual Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Polarization Converter for Fast (100 kHz) and Bi‐stable Beam Steering Based on Pancharatnam‐Berry Devices
Authors: SUN Zhibo , TAM Alwin , YUAN Zhengnan , DONG Shoucheng , HUO Yipeng , CHEN Rongsheng , YEUNG Fion S. Y. , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

A high‐efficiency (97%) fast polarization converter (100 kHz) is
achieved using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC). Innovatively,
by cascading FLC cells, no diffraction and residual light loss are
achieved. The flickering is less than 5%.. The contrast ratio is
1000:1. Bi‐stable focus modulation is acheived. It is a promising
candidate not just for display technologies, but also for high‐
efficiency beam‐steering applications, such as Virtual Reality
(VR)/Augmented Reality (AR), Light Ranging and Detection
(LiDAR).
32.1: Research of Nanocomposite Materials with High Refractive Index for HLEMS Application
Authors: Shen Ying , Xiao Weikang , Zhu Xiujian , Zhang Deqiang
Published: August 2023

The HLEMS (High Light Extraction Micro Structure)
technology could improve the light out‐coupling efficiency and
reduce the power consumption of OLED display, by modifying
parts of the light extraction paths through the redesign of micro
structures and the optimization of film refractive indexes. Ink and
OC nanocomposites with high refractive index are the key
materials to realize the HLEMS technology, their fabrications
and qualities of films are particularly important. In this work, the
curing processes and mechanisms of Ink and OC nanocomposites
were researched respectively. The film properties were
characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐
IR), dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer (DMA), and
ellipsometer. The refractive index of Ink nanocomposite is greater
than 1.67 @ 550nm, and the refractive index of OC
nanocomposite is greater than 1.70 @ 550nm.
37.1: Invited Paper: A Room‐Temperature Manufacturing Strategy: Nd:AIZO/Al2O3 Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Ning Honglong , Fu Yubin , Liang Zhihao , Lu Kuankuan , Zhu Zhennan , Wu Zhenyu , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Kangping , Yao Rihui , Peng Junbiao
Published: August 2023

Metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) have shown great
application potential as the active layer of thin film
transistors (TFTs). However, MOTFTs usually require an
annealing process(≥300°C), which is not conducive to its
application in flexible substrates. Here, we establish a
Room‐Temperature manufacturing strategy of TFT, which
consist of a Nd:AIZO/Al2O3 bilayer structure as the active
layer. The Nd:AIZO/Al2O3 bilayer TFTs without further
thermal annealing processing show reasonable device
characteristics with mobility(µsat) of 28.7 cm2 V‐1 s‐1, an Ion/Ioff
ratio of 108, a threshold voltage(Vth) of 0.2 V, and a
subthreshold swing(SS) of 0.25 V/decade. The room‐
temperature preparation of Nd:AIZO/Al2O3 bilayer TFT is
compatible with low‐cost flexible substrates, which is
anticipated in the application of large‐size flexible
electronic devices, especially of the "green" flexible display
area.
38.2: An Accurate and Stable PWM Pixel Circuit Based on LTPO TFTs for AM‐Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Que Shan , Song Zhibang , Fu Jia , Zheng Xin , Liao Congwei , Wang Xinwei , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

A pulse-width-modulation (PWM) pixel circuit for Micro-LED displays is proposed based on low-temperature poly-silicon and oxide (LTPO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The pixel circuit features fast PWM transition, as the PWM falling-time is less than 20 μs thanks to the high-gain dynamic inverter. Furthermore, the proposed pixel circuit can compensate the degradation and non- uniformities of TFT characteristics of LTPO TFTs through auto- zeroing configuration of the dynamic inverter and a diode- connected threshold voltage compensation structure. The error rate of luminous time is less than 3.2% and the error rate of current is less than 1% under VTH shift of oxide TFT ±2 V or LTPS TFT ±1 V.
39.1: Invited Paper: Study on Filler Film Degradation Mechanism in OLED Encapsulation
Authors: Gao Xinwei , Zhang Shuai , Li Peng , Zhao Kang , Ma Kaihong , Shih Huai-Ting
Published: August 2023

Dam & Fill is the main encapsulation method for large-sized top-emitting Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) displays, in which light transmits through filler encapsulation film. Transparency of the filler film is a critical factor in obtaining a high efficiency and high reliability OLED display. In this paper, we study the degradation mechanism of filler film in OLED encapsulation. The results reveal that Ultraviolet (UV) light below 325 nm degrades filler film and reduces the film transmittance, CF film and low temperature effectively mitigate UV light damage to filler film, and high temperature (100 ℃) has no effect on filler film transparency.
40.3: Polarization‐dependent Binocular Waveguide Display with Patterned Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Optics
Authors: Weng Jiacheng , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a polarization-dependent binocular waveguide display for augmented reality. Two polarization volume lenses (PVLs) are used to collimate and couple the light emitted from a single display panel into the waveguide, and two polarization volume gratings (PVGs) are used to couple the light out to the human eyes. With the proposed design, different high-quality images can be independently produced in the two eyes.
44.3: Effect of Luminance on Visual Comfort under Different Illuminations
Authors: Zhu Nianfang , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Gao Xin , Shi Yunyang
Published: August 2023

The effect of luminance and illuminance on visual comfort was explored on TV screen with subjective and physiological measurements. The results condensed by information utility value and principal component analysis revealed that 250 cd/m2
and 400 cd/m2 were the optimum display luminance levels under <1 lx and 500 lx respectively and the illuminance of 500 lx induced less physiological discomfort than <1 lx.
46.1: Invited Paper: LCD Innovations vs. OLED Performance for Automotive Applications
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: August 2023

LCDs are today's workhorse for automotive displays. In recent years, some premium OEMs started to ship cars with OLED displays. The advantages of OLEDs compared to LCDs are short response time at low temperature (relevant for e‐mirrors) and perfect black at night as well as highly curved and transparent versions. Replacing edge‐lit backlight of LCDs by FALD (full array local dimming) results in highest luminance at acceptable halo. Furthermore, LCDs have a large supply chain, which results in competitive cost. Well‐known challenges of OLEDs deal with high luminance and temperature sensitivity, which can result in reduced lifetime (LT) incl. Burn‐In. Challenges and solutions for LCDs and OLEDs such as halo measurements and viewing angle performance will be discussed more in detail. Latest automotive demonstrators show the potential of micro‐LEDs and electrically pumped Quantum Dots (QD) displays. Both have the potential to outperform LCDs and OLEDs.
49.1: Visual Quality System ‐ A Simulation Solution for Mini‐LED LCD Backlight Unit Optimization Targeting on High Quality and Accurate HDR Image Display
Authors: Wong Shing Kwong , Chen Yung-Wei , Huang Zhen-Wei , Dong Boyan , Wang Xin
Published: August 2023

Local dimming technology has largely increased the effective contrast ratio of mini-LED displays. With suitable backlight and algorithm design, these devices are capable of rendering HDR images with extreme quality. A solution for mini-LED backlight optimization is presented in this work. VQS utilizes deterministic light propagation simulation and spectral analysis to predict display quality from design parameters. It provides display system manufacturers and local dimming algorithm developers a framework to easily optimize their designs.
54.2: High‐fidelity model‐driven deep learning network for phase‐only computer‐generated holography
Authors: Liu Kexuan , Wu Jiachen , He Zehao , Cao Liangcai
Published: August 2023

The combination of computer‐generated holography (CGH) and
deep learning has opened the possibility to generate both realtime and high‐quality holograms. However, the widely‐used data‐driven deep learning method faces the limitation of the labeled
training datasets. To address the above challenges, we propose
model‐driven neural networks for high‐fidelity and high‐speed
phase‐only hologram (POH) generation. The Fresnel diffraction
model is introduced as the constraint to train the networks.
Furthermore, the improvements of the network architecture and
diffraction model effectively improve the reconstruction quality.
High‐fidelity full‐color optical reconstructions of the 4K
holograms have been achieved.
55.2: High performance perovskite nanocrystals and photoresists for in‐pixel colour conversion
Authors: Angioni E. , Baker R. , Hopkin H. , Sakai N. , Berryman-Bousquet V. , Hsu S. , Wenger B.
Published: August 2023

In addition to brightness, high resolution and color quality, high‐end displays should also be energy efficient. This challenging combination can be achieved using in‐pixel color conversion schemes, where blue light from an inorganic LED is directly converted into red or green at the pixel level. Perovskite nanocrystals are ideal candidates for such architectures due to their excellent light absorption and emission properties. In this contribution, we show that the very narrow emission spectra of perovskites not only lead to extremely wide color gamut, but can also generate a substantial boost in brightness, and thus energy efficiency. We then present recent developments of green and red photoresists based on Helio's core materials, that are compatible with standard industrial processing conditions. These materials are suitable for most established and emergent display architectures, including µLED and QD‐OLED.
55.3: One‐step extruding method for fabricating perovskite quantum dot light diffusers
Authors: Fu Rui , Zhong Haizheng
Published: August 2023

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) exhibit excellent
physics properties and application prospects in the field of LED
lighting applications and display devices. However, poor long‐term
stability to light irradiation, water, heat, and oxygen hinders the
further development of commercialization. Using polymer plastics,
such as PS (polystyrene), PC (polycarbonate), PMMA (polymethyl
methacrylate), PP (polypropylene), as the matrix along with proper
Cs, Pb and halogen (X) sources as perovskite precursors, CsPbX3
PQDs/polymer composites can be synthesized via a solvent‐free and
in‐situ polymeric melt encapsulation method. Special attention was
paid to the effects of growth conditions on the photoluminescent
quantum yield (PLQY) of the composites. The optimized CsPbX3
PQDs/polymer composite demonstrated excellent performance
with more than 90% PLQY and 22 nm full width at a halfmaximum (FWHM) for green and 35 nm FWHM for red.
Particularly, we combined this in‐situ melting synthesis technology
with industrial production, and used a melting extruder to directly
fabricate perovskite quantum dot optical diffuser products for
backlight display. Under the protection of multi‐layer structure, the
PQD diffusers exhibited remarkable long‐term stability. This study
provides a novel solvent‐free and in‐situ synthesis route for
fabricating diffuser products, which is quite friendly to
industrialization and commercialization for perovskite materials.
56.1: Invited Paper: Pinhole Matrix Fingerprint on Display Technology for CFOT OLED Display
Authors: Zeng Yang , Zhu Shengtao , Wu Yaodong , Yao Qijun
Published: August 2023

The emerging Color Filter on Touch (CFOT) technology
significantly reduces OLED module transmittance and hence
obstructs the use of traditional optical fingerprint on display
(FOD). In this work, we demonstrate the integration of pinhole‐based
FOD with CFOT OLED, achieving high performance
FOD and display simultaneously.
P‐1.3: Application of a Kinetic Model to the Characterization of Donor‐Defects in a Fluorinated Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Jiang Wei , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man
Published: August 2023

A recently proposed kinetic model describing the oxidation
and reduction of donor‐defects in semiconducting metaloxide thin films has been applied to characterize the
properties of the donor‐defects in fluorinated indiumgallium‐zinc oxide. The excellent agreement of the
measured data with the modelling curves is a nice
demonstration of the utility of the model as a useful tool
for characterizing the nature of the donor‐defects in metaloxide films.
P‐1.5: The effects of the temperature of fluorination treatment on the reliability of an indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistor
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Yuqi , Wang Sisi , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man
Published: August 2023

This work reported the effects of the temperature of fluorination
by fluorine plasma treatment on the performance, reliability, and
stability of an indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistor.
While fluorination leads to a more positive threshold voltage,
improved reliability against electrical stress and improved
stability against non‐oxidizing heat‐treatment, that performed at
a higher temperature is found to be more effective.
P‐2.6: A method for accurately measuring the refractive index modulation of volume holographic grating
Authors: Chengzhe Chai , Yueming Han , Lei Zhao
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a method to accurately measure the refractive index modulation of VHG. By adjusting the position of the photon detector in real time, we can accurately measure the variation of the diffracted light intensity with the angle of the incident light, and combining the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) fitting, the refractive index modulation of the grating can be measured.
P‐2.12: A Comprehensive Study of Content Generation Using Diffusion Model
Authors: Li Jing , Li Zhengping , Li Ying , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

The essence of the Metaverse is the process of integrating a large number of existing technologies to virtualize and digitize the real world. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, a large number of digital native content in the Metaverse needs to be completed by artificial intelligence. The current artificial intelligence technology allows computers to automatically and efficiently generate text, pictures, audio, video, and even 3D models. With the further development of natural language processing technology and generative network models, future artificial intelligence generation will subvert the existing content generation methods and gradually become an accelerator for the development of the Metaverse. In this paper, we have analyzed and studied the basic principles of diffusion models, clarified some existing problems of diffusion models, considered the key areas of concern and potential areas to be further explored, and looked forward to the future application of diffusion models in the field of Metaverse.
P‐2.20: Hand Interaction Acquisition Technology Based on Hall Sensor
Authors: Li Zhengping , Liu Yuning , Jia Kehao , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

The design adopts the assistance of Hall sensor and permanent magnet to realize the capture of finger movement, which has the advantages of low cost and accurate recognition. STM32 is used as the main control module and MDK5 development platform in the design. The platform has the advantages of high integration and convenient development, and also has the characteristics of digital signal processing, high performance, real-time function, low voltage and low power consumption. A permanent magnet is designed at the center of the palm of the glove to form a constant magnetic field near the palm. The Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor made according to the Hall effect, which can convert the magnetic field strength into a voltage signal. Through the AD conversion module built in STM32 chip, the output voltage of Hall sensor can be collected and converted into finger position and posture information through algorithm.
P‐2.30: Design and Fabrication of an Optical Path Folding Pancake Virtual Reality Head‐mounted Display
Authors: Hou Qichao , Sun Jiaping , Li Yang , Zhang Tian , Li Danyang , Huang Yilun , Wang Qiwei , Duan Jiaxi , Hou Weihong , Yang Tong , Wang Yongtian , Cheng Dewen
Published: August 2023

Metaverse has been going viral across the globe, and virtual reality head‐mounted displays (VR‐HMDs) as the basic infrastructure and entrance to cater to this evolution of social interaction are showing rapid development recently. Pancake optics based on optical path folding provides the feasibility of VR‐HMDs in the form of glasses and is wide recognition. The pancake system has become the current mainstream owing to its large exit pupil diameter (EPD), high resolution, novel compact, and lightweight. Owing to the use of polarization elements, the birefringence in the lens will change the polarization state of the light, resulting in uneven brightness and stray light, seriously reducing the optical performance of the system, so it is necessary to control the birefringence of the lens. In this study, we proposed a pancake system based on a 2.1‐inch LCD display which achieves 10 mm EPD at 11 mm, diagonal field of view (FOV) of 96°, overall length (OAL) of the system less than 20 mm, and support diopter adjustment from ‐7D to ‐1D. The residual birefringence of the lens can be effectively suppressed in four stages: 1) controlling the thickness ratio between the center and the edge of the lens during the optical design, 2) setting a reasonable position and size of the injection gate and cooling system during the mold design process, 3) adopting reasonable injection parameters during the precision injection molding process and 4) eliminating the birefringence of the lens with the lens annealing process. Ultra‐precision machining and correction of the mold cores have been employed to achieve high surface accuracy and low birefringence of the lens. The optomechanical design, assembly, and adjustment process are discussed. Finally, the prototype of the pancake system is experimentally tested, and the results demonstrate pretty well.
P‐2.31: An Emergency Rescue Action Recognition Method Based on Improved Spatiotemporal Decomposition Network
Authors: Yongmei Zhang , Tianxiang Zhao
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problem of too large computer overhead for convolutional neural network in the rescue action recognition, this paper proposes a rescue action recognition method combining spatiotemporal decomposition network and channel attention mechanism. After adding the channel attention mechanism, the model can generate a weight value for each feature channel, and then weight the normalized weight to each feature channel to improve the recognition accuracy of the model. The combined network model has better performance in both computer overhead and recognition accuracy, and the recognition accuracy has improved compared with the original model (S3D) in the case of only RGB video as input on rescue action data. In addition, the recognition accuracy on the public UCF-101 and KTH datasets has also improved. The experiment results show the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of action recognition in both the rescue action and public datasets.
P‐4.1: Analysis and Application of the Peel Strength of the Foam Tape on Display Panel
Authors: Gang Wang , Chuanghua Deng , Zihan Wang , Le Liu , Cen Yi , Wengao Zhang , Feng Tang , Ran Gao , Pangling Zhang , KEUN SHIN MOO , Dan Cao , Yuhua Zhang
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problem of peel between display panel and backlight module in new display products such as four-sided borderless display and curved display, in this paper, the peel strength of foam tape was studied through experiment and simulation, and the peel stress strength of the foam tape was established to guide product design. Firstly, the peel stress of foam tape was obtained by peel strength experiment of foam tape samples. Then, the simulation model was established by using finite element software, and the load weight corresponding to the tilt experiment of the 27-inch four-sided borderless display was calculated. Finally, the accuracy of the simulation model was verified by the tilt experiment of 27-inch display, and the peel stress strength of the foam tape was established. The peel stress was about 1.94×10 -2 MPa. Based on the peel stress strength, the minimum width of foam tape for 23.8-inch four-sided borderless display was 1.5 mm. The display passed the 60 ℃/90% RH HTHHS 500 hours experiment, meeting the product quality requirements. This method can guide the size design of foam tape for new display products such as four-sided borderless display and curved display, and enhance the ultimate design competitiveness of products.
P‐4.4: A Real‐Time Video Rain Removal Algorithm Using Layer Priors
Authors: Liang Yushi , Yan Limin
Published: August 2023

Vision system is widely used in fields such as target detection and security monitoring, but since its heavy dependence on the qualities of input images is in conflict with the fact that rain and other bad weather will cause the quality of input image to decline, the video deraining algorithm is of great importance. Based on the rain streaks removal algorithm using layer priors, this paper proposes a real-time video rain removal algorithm using layer priors, which regards the rain image as the linear superimposition of background layer and raindrops layer, and decomposes them via MAP. During the procession, temporal direction gradient and vertical direction gradient are adopted as explicit priors, while CNN is adopted as implicit prior. After analyzing the experiment results, it could be observed that the proposed algorithm can not only output rain-free images of higher quality, but also greatly reduce the operation time, which meet the real-time requirement to some extent.
P‐4.11: Image Deraining using Multi‐scale Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Lin Qinyi , Yan Limin
Published: August 2023

The images obtained for automatic driving and security monitoring are easily affected by rain, which will bring serious difficulties to subsequent image‐processing tasks. To tackle the problem, deraining algorithms are widely adopted. However, most of the traditional methods fail to restore rain images when raindrops come in different sizes and densities. In this paper, a single‐image deraining algorithm based on multi‐scale generative adversarial network (MS‐GAN) is proposed. This algorithm uses three‐level Laplace pyramid to decompose the input rain image into different scales, inputs them into three modified residual networks and uses adversarial network to improve the effect of learning. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can remove raindrops more efficiently and reduce loss of detail, even when raindrops is of different sizes.
P‐6.4: Measurement for optical performance of flexible display based on imaging spectrometer
Authors: Luo Shiwen , Zheng Zengqiang , Hu Xiheng , Cheng Huidong , Wang Zhou
Published: August 2023

With the development of display technology, several new displays have attracted much attention such as OLED display, QLED display, Laser display and Mini/MicroLED display. Standard measurement methods for optical performance of flat display have been established. However, it's not easy for traditional luminance meter or colorimeter to deal with flexible display evaluation because of its viewing angle dependence which results in spectrum shift and color change. In this paper, we simulate color measurement accuracy by colorimeter and compare the results with spectrum measurement device. We analyze the influence of display's viewing angle and spectrum on the measurement accuracy. The measurement accuracy improves obviously with spectrum measurement device under different condition. In addition, we carry out spectrum and color measurement based on our imaging spectrometer which can measure multiple viewing angle at the same time. Compared with traditional spectrometer, the measurement efficiency is improved significantly without adjustment setting. The imaging spectrometer can be used for multiple viewing angle measurement and is suitable for optical performance measurement of flexible display.
P‐7.7: Static Fatigue Fragment Life Analysis and Application of Curved Display Panel
Authors: Wengao Zhang , Chuanghua Deng , Cen Yi , Zhixiang Xu , Feng Tang , KEUN SHIN MOO , Yuhua Zhang
Published: August 2023

In order to ensure the service life of the curved display panel, it is necessary to test and analyze the fatigue fragment life distribution of the curved display panel to predict the fragment rate of the product, and design the proof test scheme and life reliability test scheme. First of all, this paper has carried out Weibull test by 300pcs OC (open cell) samples of 27‐inch R1000 curved product. The Weibull life distribution parameters of the samples were obtained by fitting the test data (shape parameter k=0.337, size parameter λ= 1.86×108). Then, according to the requirement of customer (8000ppm fragment rate in 3 years), the proof test stress (σp=81.2 MPa) was calculated, and the life distribution model after proof test and zero failure reliability algorithm were derived. Finally, based on 90% confidence level (1‐α), life reliability test time (TL) and the number of samples (N), calculated the life reli ability test stress (σL=62.7 MPa) by reliability algorithm and life acceleration formula, determined the test scheme {TL, N, σL} and successfully passed the test verification. The static fatigue fragment life analysis method in this paper can accurately evaluate the fragments of curved display panel, guide the design and development of curved products, and effectively improve the reliability of curved display.
P‐7.8: Study on the effect of large angle compensation POL on FFS product contrast ratio
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wu Wei , Zhang Wei , Shi Xia , Wang Xiaohuan , Cheng Zhiwei , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2023

Angle compensation polarizers are usually used in VA and TN products to improve the side angle light leakage problem. With the increasingly fierce market competition, FFS products also began to try to use angle compensation film to improve the competitiveness of products, and achieved good angle compensation effect. However, due to the phase delay property of the angle‐compensated polarizer itself and the weak resistance of the material to deformation, it often leads to the depolarization of the initial positive light. Therefore, the orthogonal state of the polarizer is destroyed, resulting in the light leakage and uneven dark state of the product, which leads to the reduction of the contrast ratio of the product; In this paper, the problem of product contrast reduction caused by FFS STW (super true wide angle of view compensation) polarizer is systematically studied, the reason of contrast ratio reduction is analyzed from the STW polarizer compensation mechanism and fault phenomenon, the influence of depolarization, adhesion stress, film distribution and optical path difference fluctuation of STW polarizer on its contrast ratio is clarified, and the improvement method is proposed, which provides important technical support for the application of STW polarizer in FFS mode.
P‐7.11: Assistance of Iron (II) Chloride and Dimethyl Sulfoxide to Liquid Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate
Authors: Cai Qingyue , Li Muyun , Kong Sifan , Yao Rihui , Guo Chenxiao , Su Guoping , Zeng Xuan , Yan Haoyang , Ning Honglong , Peng Junbiao
Published: August 2023

Inspired by some previous surveys, we obtained significant electrochromic properties by hydrothermal synthesis using a solution of Iron (II) Chloride, Ammonium Metatungstate, Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid. The respond time of the electrochromic device was accelerated by iron (II) chloride that the coloring time was 6.5s while the bleaching time was 11.5s at the molar concentration ratio of 1:3.5 between ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride, PH=2.5. Meanwhile the device had a significant optical modulation of 65% with air serving as a blank. Influenced by the acidic environment, the aqueous solution will occur hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which dramatically deteriorated the stable of active layer over a long period of cycling. Here we innovatively apply a hydrogen bond acceptor, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the formulation, the open circuit voltage of HER can be increased as well as the overpotential through restricting all hydrogen atoms of the water molecules in the DMSO‐H2O H‐bond network which can achieve the effect of maintaining a steady cycle of over 800 cycles.
P‐7.12: Research on High Brightness Mode Uniformity Problem of Flexible AMOLED Mobile
Authors: Yao Yang , Zhang Taoran , Mo Zailong , Liu Tingliang , Liu Changchang , Wu Xufeng , Zheng Xiaolong
Published: August 2023

The development trend of flexible AMOLED mobile is introduced in this paper, and the key optical problems to be solved in AMOLED display are clarified. Then, based on the urgency of solving the high brightness mode uniformity problem, a complete set of test methods and evaluation system for flexible AMOLED mobile are proposed. According to the principle of flexible AMOLED light‐emitting structure, the mechanism of high brightness mode uniformity problem is analyzed. What's more, the IR Drop model is proposed, at the same times, the effects of key factors such as SD Al thickness, dual Vdd SD and A.R. on Vdd and Vss voltage drop are simulated. After mass production verification of multiple models, the linkage scheme including backplane circuit, EL device and module algorithm for high brightness mode uniformity problem is proposed creatively. After application, The results show that △ u‵v‵‐A 0.003,△ u‵v‵‐B 0.002, DeltaC 1.9, DeltaE 2 and LU 95% on the basis of a 6.7inch FHD product, which represents the leading level in domestic market as well as provides a reference idea for the AMOLED display performance.
P‐8.1: A New Multitasking Demura Algorithm for Display Defect Compensation
Authors: Xu Ling , Wang Wen-li , Yi Kai-yong , KIM Nate
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a multitasking Demura algorithm based on backlight modulation and liquid crystal voltage adjustment that significantly increase the luminance uniformity and improves the details of high gray image without saturation issues. The multitasking Demura benefit was experimentally validated in a 55‐inch splicing module display, and the experimental results show that the multitasking Demura can eliminate severe mura, increasing the module's luminance uniformity from 34%, 60% and 88% to 83%, 95% and 98% at L25, L128 and L240 gray levels.
P‐8.3: Integral Imaging Display System with Enhanced Viewing Angle
Authors: Liu Zesheng , Li Dahai , Deng Huan
Published: August 2023

A simple but effective method for increasing the viewing angle of the integral imaging system was proposed. Unlike the existing methods, the viewing angle was extended through the fully effective utilization of the pixels within the elemental image array rather than the modifications to the system structures or the importing of extra devices. The relationships between the pixel positions and the viewing zone distributions were analyzed, the algorithm model for replacing the invalid pixels was built and then a method for generating full‐effective‐pixel elemental image array (FEP‐EIA) was proposed. Experiment results demonstrated that the viewing angle of the integral imaging system was significantly increased with the proposed method.
P‐9.2: ESL products with amorphous silicon solar cells integrated into the backplane
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Liu Sha , Ma Shiqing , Wang Dan
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a product combining amorphous silicon solar cells and ESL. This product combines the amorphous silicon solar cell process with the TFT backplane of ESL products. At the same time, this product uses solar cells as the device for collecting light energy, and the new energy conversion equipment collects the electric energy generated by solar energy and generates stable output electric energy to provide ESL devices. This scheme is not only environmentally friendly, but also reduces the thickness of products using external solar cells.
P‐10.6: High Luminance Blue Micro‐LEDs in 4×4 and 8×8 Array
Authors: Yang Hang , Huang Wen-Jun , Lin Yong-hong , Zhang-Hu Meng-yuan , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

High luminance blue Micro-LEDs were designed and fabricated in 4×4 and 8×8 arrays, with a size of 18 × 36μm. Our results showed that the performance of the LED arrays is comparable to that of a single LED, with smoother data. Testing a certain number of LED arrays under the same current density can better reflect the performance of a single LED device. Additionally, for small current range tests, the lack of precision in the testing equipment can be compensated for by appropriately increasing the number of LEDs.
P‐10.8: Research of photoelectric performance GaN based green Micro‐LED †
Authors: Zhanghu Mengyuan , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) arrays are a promising technology in a wide range of applications. The photoelectric performance of 80um green Micro-LED has been studied in depth, including the temperature dependence current-voltage, ideality factor, capacitance-voltage, carrier concentration distribution, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and luminance. The results of this research have demonstrated that the Micro-LED has excellent performance, with high EQE.
P‐10.11: Pixelation of Nano‐LED arrays with high effective light‐emitting area ratio by ion injection: A Simulation study
Authors: Ye Jinyu , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Xiongtu , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing , Guo Tailiang , Yan Qun
Published: August 2023

The etch damage caused by the conventional bench-top etching process makes it difficult to produce Nano-LED devices. Recently, some scholars have studied the use of ion injection to achieve electrical isolation between pixels for the purpose of pixelation. In this paper, we focus on the distribution characteristics of ions in GaN targets to improve the effective light-emitting area ratio of devices by reducing the lateral diffusion effect of ions.
P‐11.15: Surface Composition Investigation of Down Conversion Quantum Rod Thermally Assisted Photooxidative Degradation
Authors: Song J. , Kang C. , Prodanov M.F. , Vashchenko V. , Srivastava A.K.
Published: August 2023

Quantum rod (QR) on-chip LED is considered to be a cost-effective application method, but the thermal stability of the material is one of the prime concerns. Thermally induced photooxidation of nanomaterials, in a water-oxygen environment, is the main reason for the attenuation of its luminous intensity. In order to provide an optimized solution and improve device performance, we attempted to analyze the QR composition of CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS QRs after decay using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique and studied the Attenuation mechanisms.
P‐12.10: Study on Optical Performance of Nomally White Reflective LCD
Authors: Zhong Xuan , Bi Yao , Wang Jiaxing , Bi Hongsheng , Zhang Donghua , Yu Hongjun , Che Chuncheng
Published: August 2023

The optical performance of normally white reflective LCDs with various liquid crystal cell parameters and light scattering structures was investigated. The reflectivity and reflective CR both increased first and then decreased as the twist angle increased, whereas the color coordinate of white showed obvious cell gap dependency. Meanwhile, research revealed that while the light‐diffusing film had obvious advantages in terms of reflective optical performance, it could cause significant losses in transmissivity and transmissive CR, necessitating different design considerations for Full‐Reflective LCD and Trans‐Reflective LCD. Finally, the optimum design parameters were applied to our RLCD, which improved the reflectivity and CR while also achieving a better display effect of white pattern.
P‐12.14: Factors Affecting the Energy Saving Rate of Dye‐doped Liquid Crystal Smart Window in Office Buildings
Authors: Li Zhan , Ju Xiaoqian , Wang Chunlei , Hou Zhi , Che Chuncheng
Published: August 2023

The building energy consumption and energy saving rate in office buildings with Dye‐doped liquid crystal (DLC) smart window under the change of region, window‐wall ratio and orientation were simulated by DeST‐C. The results indicated that the energy saving rate of DLC smart window increased with the rising proportion of cooling load in different regions: Harbin < Beijing < Shanghai < Guangzhou. When DLC smart window was used in Shanghai, the energy saving rate increased with the increase of window‐wall ratio. Moreover, DLC smart window in different orientations generally resulted in different energy saving rate: North < South< East <West.
P‐13.3: Crease Improvement Method for Foldable OLED Module by Preloading Mechanism
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Liu Yali , Wang Wenqiang , Cheng Yapeng , Jia Yongzhen , Zhang Zhuo
Published: August 2023

Folding OLED has promoted new forms of display applications to the consumer market, but the existing folding display generally have serious crease problems, harming consumers' experience and purchase intention. This work proposes a new method to alleviate screen crease based on the preloading mechanism. The results show that the reflective appearance of the panel equipped with a preloading mechanism is obviously improved, and the deformation of the folding area is reduced by more than 50%, which proves the effective crease improvement.