bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criteria for neurosurgical treatment of children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury in a Brazilian level 1 trauma center
Authors: Tude Melo José Roberto , Leal Isabela Zampirolli , de Oliveira Larah Domingos , Masini Melina Houlis Hao , de Oliveira Jean Gonçalves , Veiga José Carlos Esteves
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Considering Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and brain CT scans in a group of children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the scope of this study was to identify the criteria established for the indication of emergency neurosurgical treatment in a level 1 trauma center.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study with consecutive review of medical records of children and adolescents < 17 years with TBI who were hospitalized and underwent neurosurgical treatment between January 2016 and December 2023. Two groups were formed for analysis: patients with GCS scores ≤ 8 versus patients with GCS scores > 8. Based on the GCS score and brain CT scan of each patient, the authors investigated the criteria established for the surgical indications in this group.

RESULTS

In the period considered for the study, 376 children and adolescents with TBI were hospitalized and 31% required neurosurgical treatment. The median age was 5 years (interquartile range 1–11 years) and there was a predominance of males (68%). Home accidents predominated in 77% of children < 5 years of age, whereas road accidents predominated among those older than 5 (47%). Diffuse brain lesions on CT scans predominated in patients with GCS scores ≤ 8 when compared to the group with GCS scores > 8 (89% vs 19%; p < 0.0001). Regarding neurosurgical access, decompressive craniectomies (70%) and invasive intracranial pressure monitoring (44%) prevailed among patients with GCS scores ≤ 8, whereas craniotomies for drainage of intracranial hematomas (70%) and surgical correction of depressed skull fracture (21%) prevailed among those with GCS scores > 8.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the GCS scores and CT scans, the authors were able to define the criteria used for neurosurgical indications in a Brazilian level 1 trauma center. They found a high prevalence of decompressive craniectomy in patients with severe TBI in their department due to the irregular supply of disposable catheters necessary for intracranial pressure monitoring.
In situ synthesis of nano-CeO2 and chitosan composite
Authors: Zemskova L. A. , Silant’ev V. E. , Shlyk D. Kh.
Published: October 2024

Nanosized cerium oxide (CeO2) particles were prepared by co-precipitation method using chitosan as a template, cerium (III) nitrate and cerium (IV) sulfate as starting materials and aqueous ammonia solution as a precipitating agent. XRD data indicate that cerianite with face-centered cubic phase is formed in the reaction systems. The size of the coherent scattering regions is about 3 nm or less. FTIR spectroscopy data indicate the interaction of polymer molecules with the inorganic component. The shift of absorption bands related to N-H bonds for composites with Ce(III) and Ce(IV) compared to chitosan indicates the interaction of amino groups with CeO2 particles. The application of chitosan as a matrix for the synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles showed that this approach is more economical and easier to produce nanomaterials for various applications.
Features of the Structure and Thermal Properties of LnBWO6 (La = Ln, La0.999Nd0.001, La0.99Gd0.01) Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Krut’ko V. A. , Komova M. G. , Svetogorov R. D. , Khoroshilov A. V. , Efimov N. N. , Ugolkova E. A.
Published: October 2024

Borate tungstates LnBWO6 (Ln = La, La0.999Nd0.001, La0.99Gd0.01) were synthesized by the Pechini method with subsequent annealing of intermediates. They were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DSC methods. Crystallographic parameters of synthesized LnBWO6 were refined by powder X-ray diffraction in two systems: monoclinic, space group P21, and orthorhombic, space group P222. The presence of reversible first-order phase transitions in synthesized LnBWO6 was detected using the DSC method, and the temperatures and enthalpies of phase transformations were determined. It has been shown that Nd3+ and Gd3+ dopants lowers the L- → H- phase transition temperature of LaBWO6. According to experimental electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data gadolinium has two independent positions in the La0.99Gd0.01BWO6 structure.
Surface Transformation Of Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics HfB2-SiC-C(graphene) Under The Influence Of High-Speed Disossociated Nitrogen Jets
Authors: Simonenko E. P. , Kolesnikov A. F. , Chaplygin A. V. , Lysenkov A. S. , Nagornov I. A. , Lukomskii I. V. , Galkin S. S. , Mokrushin A. S. , Simonenko N. P. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: October 2024

In order to study the promising potential of HfB2–30 vol % SiC ultrahigh-temperature ceramic materials modified with low amounts of reduced graphene oxide for the creation of aerospace equipment intended for use in N2-based atmospheres, the effect of high-speed dissociated nitrogen flow on it has been investigated. It has been established that under the chosen conditions of exposure during the stepwise increase of the anode power supply of plasma torch and, accordingly, the influencing heat flux, at certain parameters there is a sharp increase in the surface temperature from ~1750 to 2000-2100°C. At the same time, further increase of the heat flux has no obvious and proportional effect on the temperature of the sample surface, which may indicate its high catalyticity with respect to the reactions of surface recombination of atomic nitrogen. It is shown that the surface layers of the material undergo chemical transformation (removal of silicon-containing substances, formation of a new phase based on HfN), which is accompanied by a significant change in the microstructure (formation of dendrite-like structures), which affects the optical and catalytic characteristics of the surface.
Long-term memory in Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
Authors: Fedorova M. A. , Farisenkov S. E. , Polilov A. A.
Published: October 2024

Microinsects are capable of associative learning and memory retention despite significant reduction in the number and size of neurons. Previously, the capabilities of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) for associative learning and the formation of short-term memory have been demonstrated. In this study, an additional training session was added, as well as a time interval between them. Increasing the number of training sessions and spacing these out over time allowed us to demonstrate the persistence of memory traces for up to 24 hours. Thus, for the first time, the presence of consolidated forms of memory in the order Thysanoptera has been revealed.
The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kazakov S. D. , Kamenskih E. M. , Udut E. V.
Published: October 2024

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prevalent condition with high mortality and disability risks worldwide. As of now, the issue of pathogenetic therapy remains unresolved due to the limited effectiveness and safety of reperfusion measures. Recent research has elucidated that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in IS development and may serve as a therapeutic target. The NLRP3 inflammasome emerges as a key mediator orchestrating post-ischemic inflammatory reactions through the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-interleukin-1 beta and -18 precursors into active proinflammatory cytokines released into the extracellular milieu. This review presents insights into the structure and activation process of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IS. Factors and mechanisms contributing to both its activation and inhibition are delineated.
Key Anabolic Markers in Human M. Soleus after 21-Day Head-Down Tilt Bedrest
Authors: Belova S. P. , Tyganov S. A. , Zaripova K. A. , Shenkman B. S.
Published: October 2024

Prolonged bed rest can have a significant negative effect on skeletal muscle, leading to muscle wasting and reduced strength. This process can occur in as little as 10 days in healthy individuals, with the loss of muscle mass and strength being particularly pronounced during the first week of immobilization. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) is a method used to simulate the physiological changes that occur in weightlessness during spaceflight. This technique involves lying in bed with the head tilted downward. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of key anabolic markers of the soleus muscle during 21 days of HDT BR. The HDT BR experiment was conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences. Six healthy male volunteers, aged 25–35 years, were subjected to 21 days of strict bed rest with a tilt angle of –6°. A needle biopsy of the m.soleus was performed using the Bergström method before the start of HDT BR and on day 21 of HDT BR. The biopsy material was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for further Western blot and PCR analysis. Examination of mTORC1 substrates showed a significant decrease in p70 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation after HDT BR. We also observed a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of another ribosomal kinase, p90RSK, a significant increase in eEF2 phosphorylation and an increase in eEF2k mRNA expression. In addition, the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate ACC decreased after HDT BR. The data obtained in this work support the hypothesis that a decrease in protein synthesis, together with an increase in proteolysis, contributes to the development of human m. soleus atrophy after 21 days of HDT BR.
Glibenclamide Prevents Inflammation by Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Vitro
Authors: Khilazheva E. D. , Panina Yu. A. , Mosiagina A. I. , Belozor O. S. , Komleva Yu. K.
Published: October 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome is known to play a significant role in the development of neurodegeneration and physiological aging, as well as the development of metabolic inflammation, which has generated significant interest in the scientific community in finding effective inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and assessing their effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 activity using an indirect NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, glibenclamide, on the expression of metaflammasome components in in vitro brain cells obtained from middle-aged mice. The study revealed that glibenclamide reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory markers NLRP3 and IL18 in cell culture, which in turn leads to the prevention of phosphorylation of protein kinases of the metaflammasome complex – PKR and IKKβ. However, we did not observe changes in the expression of pathologically phosphorylated IRS, as well as in the number of senescent cells in cultures after the exposure to glibenclamide.
The Importance of Adrenal Hormones in the Implementation Stress-Protective Effect of Small Doses of L-thyroxine
Authors: Gusakova E. A. , Gorodetskaya I. V.
Published: October 2024

Previously, the possibility of increasing the body's resistance to stress with small doses of L-thyroxine was shown. It has not been established whether this effect is related to the action of L-thyroxine itself or is mediated by its activation/potentiation of the effects of other hormones. The aim of the work is to study the role of adrenal hormones in the realization of the protective effect of low doses of L-thyroxine under stress. The work was performed on white mongrel male rats. Stress was modeled by a «time deficit» situation. L-thyroxine was administered in small, close to physiological doses according to the following scheme: the first week – 1.5 μg/kg, the second week – 2.0 μg/kg, the third week – 2.5 μg/kg, the fourth week – 3.0 μg/kg. It was found that stress exposure increases the concentration of iodine-containing thyroid hormones (ITH) in the blood by 23–44%, corticosteroids by 40%, the relative mass (RM) of the adrenal glands by 31%; reduces the RM of the thymus and spleen by 26 and 14%, the level of insulin by 46%; causes damage to the gastric mucosa (GM) with the damage index (DI) is 1.36; increases physical endurance, motor activity and anxiety of animals, reducing the intensity of research reactions. Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) prevents the activation of thyroid function and eliminates the growth of physical endurance, changes the structure of behavior, determines more significant damage to the GM (DI is 2.7), increased anxiety, inhibition of research behavior under stress. BA limits the protective effect of L-thyroxine under stress, which is manifested by lower values of horizontal motor and research activity, higher anxiety in rats and damage to GM (after administration of L-thyroxine DI under stress without BA is 0.12; against BA is 1.19). This corresponds to a lower concentration of ITH in the blood (by 14–4 3%). Consequently, small doses of L-thyroxine have a stress-protective effect. BA limits, but does not completely prevent its implementation. This indicates that adrenal hormones play an important but not decisive role in the formation of the anti-stress effect of L-thyroxine.
Isosmotic Striction of Rat Aorta Smooth Muscle Cells During Activation of Purinergic Receptors: Role of Chlorine Transport
Authors: Smaglii L. V. , Gusakova V. S. , Gusakova S. V. , Pshemyskiy M. A. , Koshuba S. O. , Golovanov E. A.
Published: October 2024

We studied the effect of the purinergic signaling system and Cl-transporters on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) isosmotic striction that occurs when osmotic pressure is normalized after prolonged incubation in a hypoosmotic medium. The study was performed with the method of myography on endothelium-denuded ring segments of the male Wistar rats aorta. Isosmotic striction was induced by placing the vascular segments in normosmotic Krebs solution containing 120 mM NaCl after a 40-minute incubation in a hyposmotic Krebs solution containing 40 mM NaCl. Purinergic receptors were activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP, 500 μM) as nonselective P2X and P2Y receptor agonist, and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP, 500 μM) as selective P2Y receptor agonist. ATP and UTP eliminated the transient nature of the aorta SMC isosmotic striction without affecting its amplitude. Pretreatment of vascular segments with ATP and UTP during incubation in a hyposmotic solution completely suppressed the development of isosmotic striction in the presence of ATP or UTP, but did not affect isosmotic striction without activators of purinergic receptors. The inhibitor of Na+, K+, 2Cl--cotransport (NKCC) bumetanide (100 μM) abolished isosmotic striction in the presence of ATP, but not UTP, but restored its transient character. A non-selective blocker of Cl– channels and Cl–, HCO3– exchanger DIDS (100 μM) suppressed the development of isosmotic striction both in the presence of ATP and UTP. The potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium (10 mM) potentiates the constrictor action of UTP on isosmotic striction. We suppose purinergic receptors eliminate the transient isosmotic striction by activating Cl– currents through activation of P2Y receptors. The mechanism of interaction between the purinergic signaling system and Cl– transport during changes in cell volume requires further study.
Suppression of Aseptic Inflammation Reduces the Severity of Remodeling of the Pulmonary Artery Branches and Improves Progressing of Experimental Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Karpov А. А. , Krylov А. А. , Shilenko L. A. , Mihailova А. М. , Vaulina D. D. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Isakova N. P. , Vorotilov A. V. , Semenova N. Y. , Zinserling V. A. , Galagudza М. М.
Published: October 2024

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a complication of pulmonary embolism, characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and impaired lysis of thromboemboli. Previously, the presence of aseptic inflammation in CTEPH was identified in the wall of the pulmonary artery branches and perivascularly. However, the role of this inflammation in the CTEPH formation is unknown. The aim of the work was to study the effect of aseptic inflammation on the CTEPH formation and progression. The experiments were performed on 54 male rats. The CTEPH model was reproduced by repeated intravenous administration of partially biodegradable microspheres (MS). Immediately after the last administration of MS, all animals were divided into groups: control CTEPH (c.CTEPH) – saline solution was administered intramuscularly (i/m) for 6 weeks; low dose of prednisolone (LD) – prednisolone was administered i/m at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg; high dose (HD) – prednisolone was administered i/m at a dose of 6 mg/kg; healthy animals. After 6 weeks, the following was performed: treadmill test, TTE, cardiac catheterization with manometry, and histological examination of the lungs. In a separate series of experiments, the severity of inflammatory infiltration of the vascular wall and perivascular zone was assessed by immunohistochemical studies (IHC). In the LD group, there was the decreasing of hypertrophy index (HI) and the percentage of collagen fibers in the vascular wall compared to c.CTEPH. There was a significantly greater reduction in HI compared to HD. In the HD group, there was positive effect on the percentage of collagen fibers in the vascular wall, this parameter did not significantly differ from healthy animals. According to IHC data, prednisolone in low dose effectively suppressed inflammatory infiltration of the vascular wall and perivascular space. The results of the study revealed the ability of prednisolone, by suppressing aseptic inflammation, to reduce the severity of remodeling of the pulmonary artery branches.
Effect of Cardarin on Gene Expression of Proteins Involved in Epileptogenesis in Rat Hippocampus in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Kharisova A. R. , Roginskaya A. I. , Zubareva O. E.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the role of astro- and microglial cells and associated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has been extensively discussed. These cells can be in different functional states, the extreme A1 and M1 phenotypes producing predominantly pro-inflammatory (promoting epileptogenesis) proteins, and the A2 and M2 phenotypes producing anti-inflammatory (preventing epileptogenesis) proteins. It has been suggested that the use of drugs that can stimulate polarisation from M1 and A1 to M2 and A2 phenotypes may be a successful strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. Such drugs include agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor nuclear receptors (PPARs). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the expression of micro- and astroglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus of rats in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to investigate the effect of the PPAR agonist beta/delta cardarine on these processes. Cardarin was administered at the initial stages of epileptogenesis (within 7 days after induction of the TLE model), and two months later (chronic phase of the model) we analysed the expression of genes of interest in the dorsal hippocampus by real-time RT-PCR. The performed study revealed changes in gene expression of astro- and microglial proteins during epileptogenesis, mainly associated with the enhancement of neuroinflammatory processes and weakening of neuroprotective properties of these cells. In TLE rats the expression of genes of markers of astro- (Gfap) and microglia activation (Aif1), pro- (Il1b, Nlrp3) and anti-inflammatory (Il1rn) proteins, markers of the A1 phenotype of astrocytes (Lcn2, Gbp2) and growth factors (Bdnf, Fgf2) was increased. Gene expression of the protective M2 phenotype Arg1 gene was decreased in TLE rats. The most striking effect of cardarine administration was manifested in the enhanced expression of the marker A2 gene of the S100a10 astrocyte phenotype.
EEG sensorimotor rhythms dynamics in children with cerebral palsy during the course of neurorehabilitation, depending in the success of their imagination of movements
Authors: Pavlenko V. B. , Vlasenko S. V. , Chuyan E. N. , Kaida A. I. , Orekhova L. S. , Birukova E. A. , Pavlenko D. V. , Tataris S. E.
Published: October 2024

An analysis of changes in sensorimotor rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and features of the restoration of motor functions during a course of neurorehabilitation using a non-invasive brain-computer-hand exoskeleton interface was carried out in 50 children aged 7–15 years of both sexes suffering from cerebral palsy (CP). EEG was recorded in 32 leads under conditions of rest and kinesthetic imagination of hand extension movements. Depending on the success of the classifier program in determining imaginary states based on the EEG pattern, the children were divided into two groups – with high and low success when imagining movements. In children of the studied groups, when undergoing a course of neurorehabilitation, differences were revealed in the nature of changes in EEG amplitude in the sensorimotor mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–25 Hz) rhythms frequency ranges. When imagining movements of the right hand, intergroup differences for the mu rhythm reached the level of statistical significance in the medial electrodes of the fronto-central and parietal areas of the neocortex, for the beta rhythm – in the medial lead of the parietal region. Children in the group with high success showed a decrease or slight increase in the amplitude of the mu- and beta rhythm in these brain areas at the last session of the course compared to the first. We hypothesize that children in this group are not only better able to kinesthetically imagine movements throughout the course of neurorehabilitation, but also, based on feedback signals, learn to effectively adjust their strategies for movement imagination. Children in the group with low success showed an increase in the amplitude of sensorimotor rhythms in these brain areas, indicating the development of inhibition in the frontoparietal motor network. Patients, whose conditions were determined more accurately by the classifier, achieved higher rates of motor rehabilitation. The results of the study are important for clarifying the brain mechanisms of motor functions restoration in patients with cerebral palsy under the influence of a course of neurorehabilitation.
Intranasal administration of GRP78 protein (HSPA5) counteracts the neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus in a model of chronic sleep restriction in rats
Authors: Pazi M. B. , Ekimova I. V.
Published: October 2024

Chronic sleep restriction (sleep less than 6 hours per day) due to the workload and a decrease in sleep quality is an endemic disease in modern society. Chronic sleep deprivation causes serious neuropsychiatric disorders associated with irreversible neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The search for pharmacological agents that can reduce the risk of neurodegeneration as a result of chronic sleep loss is an urgent task issue for biomedicine. Intranasal administration of glucose-regulated 78 kDa heat shock protein (GRP78) has a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of Parkinson´s disease. The neuroprotective potential of intranasally administered GRP78 in chronic sleep deprivation has not been previously studied. The aim of the study is to find out whether preventive intranasal administration of GRP78 is able to weaken and/or stop the process of neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus in the model of chronic sleep restriction (SR) in rats. The study was conducted on 6 months old male Wistar rats. For sleep deprivation, a validated method of a swinging platform was used in the mode: 3 hours of sleep deprivation and 1 hour of rest continuously for 5 days. Recombinant human protein GRP78 was administered intranasally two days before the start of SR and during 5 days of SR. Cellular and molecular changes in the locus coeruleus during SR and during the administration of GRP78 were studied using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. It was shown that chronic SR leads to the degeneration of 30% of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, that was associated with an increase in the levels of activated caspases-3 and 9. This indicates the development of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway. No signs of reactive microgliosis were found in the model of chronic SR in rats. We have demonstrated that intranasally administered GRP78 penetrates and accumulates in the neurons of the locus coeruleus, GRP78 counteracts the death of neurons along the path of apoptosis. The data obtained allows to consider GRP78 as a potential neuroprotective agent for the prevention of pathological consequences of chronic sleep deprivation.
Expression of Molecules Characterizing Metabolic and Cytotoxic Activity of Natural Killer Different Subpopulations of Peripheral Blood During Pregnancy
Authors: Orlova E. G. , Loginova О. А. , Gorbunova О. L. , Shirshev S. V.
Published: October 2024

The functions of peripheral blood NK cells change significantly during pregnancy, which is mainly due to the inhibition of their cytotoxicity. The functional activity of NK cells is directly related to their metabolic status, but these changes in physiological pregnancy have not been studied. The aim of this work is to study the expression of Glut-1, CD94 and CD107a molecules characterizing metabolic and cytotoxic activity, as well as the mitochondrial mass of different subpopulations of peripheral blood NK cells in the I and III trimesters of physiological pregnancy. The object of the study was the peripheral blood of healthy women in the I and III trimesters of physiological pregnancy. The control group consisted of healthy non-pregnant women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The expression of Glut-1, CD94, CD107a molecules and the mitochondrial mass were analyzed by flow cytometry on regulatory (CD16–CD56bright), cytotoxic (CD16+CD56dim), minor cytotoxic (CD16hiCD56–) NK cells. It was found that in non-pregnant women, minor cytotoxic CD16hiCD56–NK have the highest expression of Glut-1, CD107a and the lowest expression of CD94 compared to other NK cell subpopulations. On regulatory CD16–CD 56bright and cytotoxic CD16+CD56dimNK, the expression of these molecules is comparable to each other. The mitochondrial mass is similar in all studied subpopulations. In the first trimester, the expression of Glut-1 increases on regulatory CD16–CD56brightNK, the mitochondrial mass and the expression of CD94, CD107a in all NK cells do not differ from non-pregnant ones. In the third trimester, the mitochondrial mass increases in cytotoxic CD16+CD56dimNK cells, but CD94 expression decreases compared to non-pregnant ones, and the expression CD94 in regulatory CD16–CD56brightNK increases compared to the first trimester. CD107a expression in minor cytotoxic CD16hiCD56–NK decreases, but in other subpopulations does not change compared to non-pregnant. The expression of Glut-1 does not change in all subpopulations. Thus, different subpopulations of peripheral blood NK cells are heterogeneous in the expression of Glut-1, CD107a, CD94. The expression of these molecules during physiological pregnancy varies by trimester. The obtained results are important for understanding the mechanisms of NK cell function regulations during pregnancy.
The initial stage of the coalescence of a compound drop in an impact regime
Authors: Chashechkin Yu. D. , Il’inykh A. Yu. , Khaiirbekov Sh. Kh.
Published: October 2024

The evolution of the regular fine structure of the colored matter distribution produced, when a freely falling multifluid drop spreads in deep water, is for the first time traced using the techniques of engineering photo and video recording. The flow pattern is studied in the initial stage of the formation of a cavity and a crown during the coalescence of a compound drop, whose core is a drop of alizarin ink solution coated with an oil shell. The distributions of the colored fluid at the cavity bottom and the crown walls include streaky structures, whose formation can be due to the processes of the available potential surface energy (APSE) conversion occurring when the contact surfaces of the merging fluids are eliminated. In the experiments the height of the falling drop was varied. The core position in the compound drop was not checked but was determined by separation conditions. The ink core disintegration into fibers was observable in all the experiments. The areas of the cavity and crown surfaces covered by the colored fluid reached maximum at the central position of the core.
Failure of a detonation wave in a plane channel with multiple obstacles
Authors: Zhuravskaya T. A. , Levin V. A.
Published: October 2024

The results of numerical study of the interaction of a formed cellular detonation wave propagating in a plane channel occupied by a quiescent stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture with multiple obstacles (barriers) located on the inner surface of the channel are given. The study is carried out to determine the conditions that ensure suppression of detonation. The influence of geometric parameters of the area with obstacles on wave propagation is studied. It is found that localization of the obstacles in a recess in the channel wall leads to a decrease in their destructive effect on detonation. Quenching of detonation combustion by the layer of a non-reacting gas located along the channel wall, limited by single barriers, is considered. The effect of gas composition on the interaction of the detonation wave with the layer is studied. Non-reacting gas mixtures, which, being filled into the area with obstacles, enhance the destructive effect of barriers on the detonation wave are proposed.
The Role of Balinese Customary Law as a Social Institution for Immigrants and Tourists: Sanctions in Awig-Awig Against Krama Adat, Krama Tamiyu, and Tamiyu
Authors: Dewa Gede Edi Praditha
Published: October 2024

The Balinese customary law is vital as a social institution regulating interactions between newcomers, tourists, and the local community. This research explores the sanctions embedded in the awig-awig (customary regulations) concerning three categories of society: krama adat (Indigenous community members), krama tamiyu (local residents), and tamiyu (newcomers/tourists). The study addresses numerous cases that have disrupted the societal balance, highlighting the need to examine the position of Balinese customary law in addressing such phenomena. Utilizing a sociolegal research method, this research reviews Bali Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Balinese Traditional Villages to conceptually assess the authority of traditional villages in enforcing these regulations towards indigenous communities and newcomers, coupled with the occurrences observed within society.
Programa Científico
Authors: Pautassi Ricardo M.
Published: October 2024

2011 Meeting of the Latin-American Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (LASBRA): “The Neuroscience of Alcohol abuse and Alcoholism”.Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas IV - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil March 31st and April 1st, 2011.
Alianza terapéutica padres-terapeutas como un indicador de la calidad de la relación terapéutica entre el biño y el terapeuta
Authors: Castro Maria , Lamela Diogo , Figueiredo Bárbara
Published: October 2024

Este estudio pionero pretende asociar la calidad de la alianza terapéutica entre el terapeuta y los padres con la calidad de la relación terapéutica entre el niño y el terapeuta. El objetivo fue evaluar cómo estas dos variables se relacionan. La muestra tenía 21 díadas padre/madre-niño. Ellos tendrían que evaluar individualmente la relación terapéutica con el terapeuta. Las dimensiones evaluadas fueran la calidad de la relación, los objetivos y tareas del proceso terapéutico. No se encontró una asociación entre las relaciones terapéuticas de padres e niños con el terapeuta. Sin embargo, se han encontrado algunas correlaciones secundarias. Directrices y recomendaciones para la futura reproducción de este estudio se examinan.
Vitimização precoce e funcionamento adaptativo em adultos: estratégias de enfrentamento
Authors: Caridade Sónia , Fonte Carla , Neiva Susana
Published: October 2024

This study aim to analyze and characterize the early history of victimization in adults, seeking to know and describe the coping strategies used and promoters of their current adaptative functioning. A semi-structured interview was administered to 10 participants aged between 19 to 41 years (M = 26.1, SD = 8).  The thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The neglect appears to be the most identified type of abuse. Participants admitted to use different strategies to deal with early adversity: coping focused on emotion and on problem. Participants also noted the development of multiple skills in adjustment: in terms of social, professional, individual and parenting. These results indicate that, in terms of intervention with children at risk, we must consider the protective factors.
La historia entre la sociología y la filosofía de la ciencia: sociología del conocimiento y ‘nueva’ historia de la ciencia en la historiografía de la psicología latinoamericana a través de la obra de Alberto Ramón Vilanova (1942-2003)
Authors: Fierro Catriel
Published: October 2024

In order to characterize the relation between Latin-American historical research in psychology and other meta-sciences, we analyze the reception of the 'new historiography of science' and of the sociology of knowledge in an exemplar of regional relevance in regards to psychological historiography: the published work of Alberto Vilanova. A descriptive, expost facto study was carried out, with quantitative and qualitative phases. Each of the documents that comprise the complete, published papers by Vilanova (n = 64) were retrieved and subjected to a content analysis. No extensive citations to sociologists or philosophers of psychology were found in the sample, although a conceptualization of past and contemporary science as a social collective enterprise was found in most sources.
Evaluación de las malas especificaciones en modelos de ecuaciones estructurales
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Merino-Soto César
Published: October 2024

Model misspecifications include overparameterization and underparameterization. In this sense, modification indices provide useful information about additional specifications that could be done to improve model fit. However, it should be noted that re-specifications in the model may be not relevant. Saris, Satorra and Van der Veld (SSV) proposed a method that provides information for judging the practical significance of model re-specification suggested by the modification indices, representing additional and different information than fit indices. Currently, there are available programs for testing misspecifications.  However, they require the output linked to a specific SEM program. The present study provides a SSV syntax for SPSS, which can expand the computational environment for their application.
Efectos del reforzamiento demorado en ratas expuestas a condiciones espacialmente variables
Authors: Patrón Espinosa Felipe de Jesús , Ortega González Mauricio , Torres Ceja Carlos de Jesús , Flores Aguirre Carlos Javier
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of manipulating the reinforcement delay and the spatial distance between the manipulandum (lever) and the reinforcer (water) on the response maintenance by rats. Four groups were exposed to temporally defined programs, the first response within a 30 seconds cycle produced the reinforcer delivery. The Group 1 was exposed to conditions of increased spatial distance through three phases. Group 2 was exposed to conditions of decreased spatial distance through three phases. The reinforcer was delivered at the end of the cycle (delay). For Groups 3 and 4 the reinforcer was delivered after the first lever press. The results showed that the response rate was an inverse function of increasing the reinforcement delay and the spatial distance between the manipulandum and the light-liquid dispenser set. But, this effect was most pronounced when these variables were combined.
Una evaluación de la comprensión de estructuras sintácticas con alto costo de procesamiento en niños en edad escolar
Authors: Dotti Horacio Miguel , Correa Leticia Maria , Rivera Gabriela , Benassi Julia , Formichelli María Clara
Published: October 2024

An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.
Estructura factorial y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg (GHQ-12) en universitarios ecuatorianos
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , López-Calle Claudio , Ramos-Ramírez Martha , López-Castro Javier
Published: October 2024

Mental health measurement instruments are not adapted and validated in Ecuadorian and this makes it difficult for work’s psychologist. Aims: Checking the GHQ-12 model like a single factor, and decide the reliability and validity of the test. Design: Quantitative instrumental study with a multivariate analysis of the items, factorial and internal consistency using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire of 12 items. Sample: 587 university students (71.4% women), with an average age of M = 21.2 years, in Ambato (50.5%) and Cuenca (49.5%) cities from Ecuador and in three universities centers. Outcomes: The one-dimensional model with correlated errors of the GHQ-12 is confirmed X2(39)= 65.7; X2/Df = 1.7; GFI = .96; CFI = .96; NFI = .92; RMSEA =.053 [.029 -.075]. The test’s reliability is adequate ? = .84 and converges with psychological well-being r = .674. Conclusions: The GHQ-12 presents evidence of validity for use in mental health assessments based on the sample investigated.
Sustratos neuroanatómicos y funcionales del córtex prefrontal medial
Authors: Ríos Flórez Jorge Alexander
Published: October 2024

This article presents how a revision that was done sought out to integrate the updated knowledge that we have about neuroanatomical and morphological substrates of the functional circuits that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) establishes with other brain structures. Several investigations have described the emergent and/or convergent projections of the mPFC, mainly taking rodents as a study model; using the technique of neuronal marker as the main technique of inquiry to reveal such projections, followed by works that propose electrophysiography to reveal the cerebral connectivity. Thus, the interaction of the mPFC with other brain structures has been described, among which the hippocampus, the periaqueductal gray matter, the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens, the cerebral amygdala, the ventral tegmental area, the dorsal nucleus of Rafe and the lateral habenula of the epithalamus, among others. These investigations have gone beyond the physical component of brain connectivity, extrapolating and enabling the functional understanding of the anatomical pathways established between the different regions interrelated with the mPFC, revealing the cognitive-behavioral activity of the study subjects.
Analogías para asustar y tranquilizar: dos estudios sobre recuperación y evaluación de argumentos analógicos
Authors: Gómez Ana Elia , Ceccacci Sawicki Luciana , Portela María Paula , Olguín María Valeria
Published: October 2024

In our daily lives we often resort to argumentation through analogies when we try to show others our position on the issue at hand. Two experiments that analyze the retrieval and evaluation of analogical arguments with different argumentative purposes are reported in this article. In Experiment 1, the structure and semantic distance of analogies retrieved by 109 university students were analyzed when different communication purposes were indicated. It was found that people recover analogies with complete structure (i.e. analogies with explicit inferences) and close semantic distance to a greater extent. In Experiment 2 it was inquired if the types of analogies recovered in the previous experiment are effective (i.e., persuasive) for the recipient. The data found show a significant difference in their persuasive efficacy in favor of the arguments in which complete analogies are used.
Homosexual and Heterosexual men present characteristic patterns of cortical synchronization in response to Visual Sexual Stimuli.
Authors: Amezcua-Gutiérrez Claudia , Lozano-Martínez David , Hernández-González Marisela , Hernández-Arteaga Enrique , Fernández-Guasti Alonso , Guevara Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2024

Since several cortical areas participate in the processing of sexual stimuli, this study characterized the electroencephalographic activity of prefrontal, temporal and parietal areas in men with different sexual orientation while observing erotic videos with homosexual (HOV) and heterosexual (HEV) content. The homosexual group presented lower absolute power of theta band in the right temporal cortex and higher right fronto-temporal correlation of beta band when observing the HOV. While the heterosexual group rated only the HEV as pleasant, also presented a higher left fronto-temporal correlation of beta band while watching the HEV, and a lower right fronto-parietal correlation of theta band during observation of the HOV. These results show a characteristic cortical functionality involved in the processing of sexually-relevant stimuli and its possible association with sexual orientation.
Prevalencia de dislexia del desarrollo en español: Un metaanálisis
Authors: Cubilla-Bonnetier Daniel
Published: October 2024

Reading learning disorder, or developmental dyslexia, is a chronic, neurobiological, inherited learning difficulty. Its prevalence varies depending on the orthographic transparency of the language, but also between studies with a population of the same language, so we carried out a meta-analysis of prevalence in Spanish.
After reviewing Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the term "prevalence", combined with "dyslexia", "reading" or "learning disorder" and its Spanish translation and applying the exclusion criteria, 16 entries were retained.
The results show an estimated prevalence of developmental dyslexia of 7.52% [5.17%; 10.91%] (p < 0.001), higher in the male sex, and a high heterogeneity not explained by any of the moderating variables studied.
We reflect on the results of the meta-analysis and the absence of moderating variables that explain the heterogeneity of the prevalence reported in different contexts.
Predicción del TDAH con Aprendizaje de Máquinas: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura
Authors: Quintero-López Catalina , Gil Vera Víctor Daniel , Cerpa Bernal Rafael Mauricio , Herrera Martínez Marcelo
Published: October 2024

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 13% of the child population; its diagnosis is based on clinical and behavioral assessments and psychometrics test results. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) has been used to detect various neuropsychiatric conditions, providing greater diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this research was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on the detection of ADHD in infants’ witch ML. Based on the PRISMA methodology, 30 publications were selected from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus which met the eligibility criteria. This paper concludes that the most used technique for ADHD detection was Support Vector Machines, the best-performing model was obtained from psychometrics test. An accurate and early diagnosis of ADHD prevents long-term complications; emotional, academic, and social problems, as well as the development of an antisocial structure.
Inicios de la psicología como ciencia del comportamiento en San Luis (Argentina)
Authors: Piñeda María Andrea
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the development of psychology as a behavioral science within the framework of the Psychology Program in San Luis (Argentina) between 1958 and 1982. The process of gestation and development of the community of behavioral psychologists is described. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the incidence of this model in the Psychology Program between 1958 and 1982 was made. The incidence was measured in the factors: teaching, research and services to the community, because they were considered the main objectives of a university. To this purpose, indicators of these factors were built. In contrast to the rest of the psychology programs at national universities in that period, it is concluded that behavioral psychology had a considerable incidence in the psychology program of San Luis.
Actualización en tests neuropsicológicos de funciones ejecutivas
Authors: Marino Julián
Published: October 2024

En esta revisión se presentan diferentes problemas relacionados a la evaluación de las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) mediante tests neurocognitivos. Ante el problema de su definición, se presenta una estructura de cuatro elementos constitutivos. Se repasan los modelos teóricos de FE de acuerdo a diferentes clasificaciones propuestas e intentos de integración de listados inductivos de funciones. En relación a la historia de los tests de FE, se destaca su surgimiento en contextos ajenos a la neuropsicología, lo que permite formular hipótesis sobre las consecuencias que esto tiene en la evaluación actual. Finalmente, se propone una clasificación de tests que miden FE y se analiza la idea de una nueva generación de instrumentos, apoyada por avances tecnológicos y teóricos, así como por el desarrollo de ontologías, inferencias inversas y análisis de validez ecológica y etológica.
El Doctorado en Neurociencias de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Authors: Carrer Hugo
Published: October 2024

Next August the teaching activities of the Doctorate in Neurosciences of the National University of Cordoba will begin. The future will tell how important this initiative was for the training of scientists, teachers and students of neurosciences in Cordoba, but without a doubt it will be the responsibility of teachers and doctoral students, depending on the effort, capacity and vocation that we all contribute to its success.
ViSta: un software para la enseñanza de la estadística y la psicometría
Authors: Ledesma Rubén Daniel , Valero-Mora Pedro , Molina Gabriel Jesús
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, teaching statistics is almost undisputedly always done using some sort of software for carrying out the computations. Indeed, the range of choices available for that purpose is wide and with a lot of variety. The present work describes the capabilities of one of the systems currently available for teaching of statistics: ViSta, the Visual Statistics System. As ViSta’s developers, we wish to point out the following features as specially appealing for using it at the classroom: a) price and availability, it is free and can be downloaded on-line; b) flexibility, it is an open system, extensible and adaptable for different users and needs; c) simplicity, it has a simple and intuitive user interface that facilitates the management, transformation and data analysis; and d) its graphical power, as it implements visualization methods that allow carrying out demonstrations of concepts and data analysis techniques. These capabilities are illustrated using a specific application to the teaching of psychometrics. The limitations and perspectives of development of the system are finally discussed.