bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We Need to Talk About Codeine: an Implementation Study to reduce the number of Emergency Department patients discharged on high-strength co-codamol using the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Raman Rajendra , Fleming Laura
Published: March 2021

Background

The crisis of prescription opioid addiction in the USA is well-documented. Though opioid consumption per capita is lower in the UK, prescribing has increased dramatically in recent decades with an associated increase in deaths from prescription opioid overdose. At one Scottish Emergency Department high rates of prescribing of take-home co-codamol (30/500 mg) were observed, including for conditions where opioids are not recommended by national guidelines. An Implementation Science approach was adopted to investigate this.

Methods

A Behaviour Change Wheel analysis suggested several factors contributing to high opioid prescribing: poor awareness of codeine addiction risk, poor knowledge of NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines on common painful conditions, mistaken assumptions about patient expectations and ready access to a large stock of take-home co-codamol. Based on this analysis a combined Education/Persuasion intervention was implemented over a 1-month period (January 2019) reaching 93% of prescribers. An Environmental Restructuring intervention was introduced at 4 months, and co-codamol prescriptions were monitored over a 12-month follow-up period. Unplanned re-attendances and complaints related to analgesia were monitored as balancing measures.

Results

The Education/Persuasion intervention was associated with a 59% reduction in co-codamol prescribing that was maintained over 12 months. The Environmental Restructuring intervention was not associated with any further reduction in prescribing. No increase in unplanned re-attendances occurred during the study period and no complaints were received relating to pain control.

Conclusions

The increasing incidence of prescription opioid addiction in the UK suggests the need for all clinicians who write opioid prescriptions to re-evaluate their practice. This study suggests that knowledge of addiction risk and prescribing guidelines is poor among Emergency Department prescribers. We show that a rapid and sustained reduction in prescribing of take-home opioids is feasible in a UK Emergency Department, and that this reduction was not associated with any increase in unplanned re-attendances or complaints related to analgesia.
Association of advanced age with intubation-related adverse events in the emergency department: a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Takahashi Jin , Goto Tadahiro , Funakoshi Hiraku , Okamoto Hiroshi , Hagiwara Yusuke , Watase Hiroko , Hasegawa Kohei
Published: March 2021

Background

While the older population accounts for an increasing proportion of emergency department (ED), little is known about intubation-related adverse events in this high-risk population. We sought to determine whether advanced age is associated with a higher risk of intubation-related adverse events in the ED.

Methods

This is an analysis of data from a prospective, 15-centre, observational study—the second Japanese Emergency Airway Network (JEAN-2) study. The current analysis included adult (aged ≥18 years) patients who underwent intubation in the ED between 2012 and 2018. The primary exposure was age (18–39, 40–64, 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years). The primary outcome was overall intubation-related adverse events during or immediately after an intubation. Adverse events were further categorised into major (hypotension, hypoxaemia, oesophageal intubation, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmia and death) and minor (endobronchial intubation, oesophageal intubation with early recognition, dental/lip trauma, airway trauma and regurgitation) adverse events. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for seven potential confounders with generalised estimating equations that account for patients clustering within the ED.

Results

Among 9714 patients eligible for the analysis, 15% were aged ≥85 years, and 16% had adverse events. In the unadjusted models, advanced age was not significantly associated with the risk of overall adverse events. In the adjusted models, the association was significant (adjusted OR 1.41 in age ≥85 years (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.81) compared with age 18–39 years). Specifically, older patients had a significantly higher risk of major adverse events (adjusted OR in age ≥85 years 2.65 (95% CI, 1.78 to 3.94)), which was driven by the association of advanced age with an increased risk of hypotension (adjusted OR in ≥85 years, 5.69 (95% CI, 3.13 to 10.37)). By contrast, advanced age was not associated with minor adverse events.

Conclusion

Based on the data from a prospective multicentre study, advanced age was associated with higher risks of major adverse events.
A Rare Case of Porocarcinoma and Trichoblastoma Arising in a Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn
Authors: Mitchell Drew C. , Kuehn Gina J. , Scott Glynis A. , Doerr Timothy D. , Tausk Francisco
Published: March 2021

Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, or “organoid nevus,” is a common, benign hamartoma of the skin consisting of epithelial and adnexal components. Its natural history and association with neoplastic growths is well documented. The majority of concomitant neoplasms are benign—trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum are most frequently discovered—but malignant tumors have been described. We present the case of a 58-year-old male with a congenital nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn on his left parietal scalp that had been enlarging, changing color, and bleeding over the prior year. Clinical exam and histology disclosed the presence of a trichoblastoma and porocarcinoma arising within the nevus sebaceus. Porocarcinoma is a rare, intermediately aggressive, malignant eccrine gland tumor that is frequently metastasized at presentation. Otolaryngology performed wide local resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy. This case highlights the diversity of tumors associated with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, potential for malignant expansion, and necessity for close monitoring and maintaining a low threshold for biopsy in evolving lesions.
Using Tertiary Sulci to Map the “Cognitive Globe” of Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Miller Jacob A. , D'Esposito Mark , Weiner Kevin S.
Published: March 2021

Stuss considered the human PFC as a “cognitive globe” [Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 3–28, 1984] on which functions of the frontal lobe could be mapped. Here, we discuss classic and recent findings regarding the evolution, development, function, and cognitive role of shallow indentations or tertiary sulci in PFC, with the goal of using tertiary sulci to map the “cognitive globe” of PFC. First, we discuss lateral PFC (LPFC) tertiary sulci in classical anatomy and modern neuroimaging, as well as their development, with a focus on those within the middle frontal gyrus. Second, we discuss tertiary sulci in comparative neuroanatomy, focusing on primates. Third, we summarize recent findings showing the utility of tertiary sulci for understanding structural–functional relationships with functional network insights in ventromedial PFC and LPFC. Fourth, we revisit and update unresolved theoretical perspectives considered by C. Vogt and O. Vogt (Allgemeinere ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 25, 279–462, 1919) and F. Sanides (Structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia, 2, 209–219, 1964) that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks for cortical gradients. Together, the consideration of these classic and recent findings indicate that tertiary sulci are situated in a unique position within the complexity of the “cognitive globe” of PFC: They are the smallest and shallowest of sulci in PFC, yet can offer insights that bridge spatial scales (microns to networks), modalities (functional connectivity to behavior), and species. As such, the map of tertiary sulci within each individual participant serves as a coordinate system specific to that individual on which functions may be further mapped. We conclude with new theoretical and methodological questions that, if answered in future research, will likely lead to mechanistic insight regarding the structure and function of human LPFC.
Recognition Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves: The Complex Influence of Input Statistics, Memory, and Decision-making
Authors: Hakobyan Olya , Cheng Sen
Published: March 2021

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is the standard tool for studying recognition memory. In particular, the curvilinearity and the y-offset of recognition ROC curves have been interpreted as indicative of either memory strength (single-process models) or different memory processes (dual-process model). The distinction between familiarity and recollection has been widely studied in cognitive neuroscience in a variety of conditions, including lesions of different brain regions. We develop a computational model that explicitly shows how performance in recognition memory is affected by a complex and, as yet, underappreciated interplay of various factors, such as stimulus statistics, memory processing, and decision-making. We demonstrate that (1) the factors in the model affect recognition ROC curves in unexpected ways, (2) fitting R and F parameters according to the dual-process model is not particularly useful for understanding the underlying processes, and (3) the variability of recognition ROC curves and the controversies they have caused might be due to the uncontrolled variability in the contributing factors. Although our model is abstract, its functional components can be mapped onto brain regions, which are involved in corresponding functions. This enables us to reproduce and interpret in a coherent framework the diverse effects on recognition memory that have been reported in patients with frontal and hippocampal lesions. To conclude, our work highlights the importance of the rich interplay of a variety of factors in driving recognition memory performance, which has to be taken into account when interpreting recognition ROC curves.
Struggling for Religion in Jewish Scientific Research—Max Wiener’s Critique on Hermann Cohen’s Notion of Religion
Authors: Stünkel Knut Martin
Published: March 2021

The article examines Max Wiener’s thoughts on the relation of Judaism and religion via his critique of his former teacher, Hermann Cohen. This focusses on the notion of religion developed by Cohen in the context of Jewish Scientific Research [Wissenschaft des Judentums]. It discusses Wiener’s thoughts on religion in order to exemplify the specific kind of struggle a non-Christian religious tradition might get into concerning the application of the notion of religion upon itself.
Design of High Accuracy Inexact 4-2 Compressors
Authors: Rathi Mayank , Balamurugan S. , Senthilraja S. , Marimuthu R.
Published: March 2021

Approximate (Inexact) computing is best suitable for the applications where they can accept the results with acceptable loss. We have also introduced three new models of inaccurate 4-2 compressors in this paper, using the current inaccurate 4-2 compressors. All proposed work results
are measured in a standard CMOS technology of 90 nm and compared to previously published work. The proposed compressors provide the promised results in terms of error and electrical performance as compared with its counterpart. In order to validate our results, we have also performed image
sharpening and image smoothening by using our proposed multipliers. The Structural Similarity Index Matrix (SSIM) of proposed multipliers are measured and interesting results were found.
Multi Objective Task Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Computing Using the Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Cuckoo Search
Authors: Mangalampalli Sudheer , Mangalampalli Vamsi Krishna , Swain Sangram Keshari
Published: March 2021

Rapid growth has been occurred in the IT industry with the emergence of Cloud computing in terms of the resources provisioned to the users in a seamless and flexible way. Task Scheduling is a prodigious challenge in the Cloud Computing. It is difficult to schedule the continuously varying
requests to schedule on continuously varying resources. The existing approaches haven’t considered all the metrics while considering only the metrics like makespan and waiting time. In this paper, our focus is to formulate a Multi objective approach which is used to optimally map and
load balance the tasks in the cloud by calculating the task priority and VM priority based on the electricity price per unit cost while minimizing the makespan, migration time and the power cost in the datacenters. The proposed algorithm is modeled using the hybridized approach by combining
PSO and Cuckoo search algorithms. It is simulated on cloudsim simulator and it is compared against the basic ACO, GA, PSO and CS algorithms and our algorithm is outperformed against these basic algorithms with concerned parameters such as makespan, Migration time and the Total Power cost in
the datacenters.
Content Based Medical Image Retrieval Using Multilevel Hybrid Clustering Segmentation with Feed Forward Neural Network
Authors: Inbaraj R. , Ravi G.
Published: March 2021

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is another yet broadly recognized method for distinguishing images from monstrous and unannotated image databases. With the improvement of network and mixed media headways ending up being increasingly famous, customers are not content with the regular
information retrieval progresses. So nowadays, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is the perfect and fast recovery source. Lately, various strategies have been created to improve CBIR execution. Data clustering is an overlooked method of hiding formatting extraction from large data blocks.
With large data sets, there is a possibility of high dimensionality Models are a challenging domain with both massive numerical accuracy and efficiency for multidimensional data sets. The calibration and rich information dataset contain the problem of recovery and handling of medical images.
Every day, more medical images were converted to digital format. Therefore, this work has applied these data to manage and file a novel approach, the “Clustering (MHC) Approach Using Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval Hybrid.” This work is implemented as four levels. With each
level, the effectiveness of job retention is improved. Compared to some of the existing works that are being done in the analysis of this work’s literature, the results of this work are compared. The classification and learning features are used to retrieve medical images in a database.
The proposed recovery system performs better than the traditional approach; with precision, recall, F-measure, and accuracy of proposed method are 97.29%, 95.023%, 4.36%, and 98.55% respectively. The recommended approach is most appropriate for recuperating clinical images for various
parts of the body.
Computer Aided Design Diagnosis for Glaucoma Detection in Retinal Images by Spatial Fuzzy C Means with Level Set Segmentation
Authors: Shoba S. J. Grace
Published: March 2021

By the CAD diagnosis using various clinical parameters such as plate-ratio (commander) optical cup are determined to diagnose glaucoma. Hough converter and circular return view disk fundus image is taken. Level compilation methods and integrated space-based blur package are proposed
to analyze the optical cup area from the viewing disk. The experiments were performed using the MATLAB software HRF database using the proposed approach to fundus imaging from images in the hospital. The Linear regression fit is intent to discover the Gold standard assessment for the evaluating
attained CDR based on the fundus image acquired from the hospital database. Them CDR values is obtained through Bayesian classifies to train the dataset. Consequences formed from the sorting achieve data results, the sensitivity of 96.47%, specificity of 92.85% and an accuracy of 94.83%. Receiver
operating characteristic curve is plotted for the observed and gold standard values of CDR. With this approach, the boundaries of the region can be accurately identified and the target mass of screening retinal images for early detection of glaucoma can be used and the resulting segmentation
in consistent areas can be made firmer.
Analysis of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare Sector: Applications and Tools
Authors: Kaliappan A. , Chitra D.
Published: March 2021

In today’s world, an immense measure of information in the form of unstructured, semi-structured and unstructured is generated by different sources all over the world in a tremendous amount. Big data is the termed coined to address these enormous amounts of data. One of the major
challenges in the health sector is handling a high-volume variety of data generated from diverse sources and utilizing it for the wellbeing of human. Big data analytics is one of technique designed to operate with monstrous measures of information. The impact of big data in healthcare field
and utilization of Hadoop system tools for supervising the big data are deliberated in this paper. The big data analytics role and its theoretical and conceptual architecture include the gathering of diverse information’s such as electronic health records, genome database and clinical
decisions support systems, text representation in health care industry is investigated in this paper.
Influence of Temperature on Graphene/ZnO Heterojunction Schottky Diode Characteristics
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Varghese Arathy , Yadav Shriniwas , Prasad Mahanth , Janyani Vijay , Yadav R. P.
Published: March 2021

The paper reports development of graphene/ZnO heterojunction Schottky diode structure and its structural and electrical characterization. Graphene is grown on copper substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred on flexible substrate (indium Tin Oxide coated PET).
The grown thin layer is characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy which confirm uniformity and high-quality graphene layer. The sputtered ZnO is deposited and characterized which confirms c-axis (002) orientation and uniform growth of ZnO film. Silver (Ag)
as a top electrode has been deposited and I–V measurement has been done. The effect of operating temperature (300 K to 425 K) on I–V characteristics of the fabricated structure has been measured experimentally. The other diode parameters such as ideality factor and
effective barrier height have been derived. The reliability of the heterojunction synthesized is proved by the diode ideality factor of 1.03 attained at 425 K. The excellent C–V characteristics (capacitance of 48pF) of the device prove that the device is an excellent candidate
for application as supercapacitors. The fabricated structure can be utilized as an ultraviolet photodetector, solar cell, energy storage devices, etc.
Do Convection-Permitting Ensembles Lead to More Skillful Short-Range Probabilistic Rainfall Forecasts over Tropical East Africa?
Authors: Cafaro Carlo , Woodhams Beth J. , Stein Thorwald H. M. , Birch Cathryn E. , Webster Stuart , Bain Caroline L. , Hartley Andrew , Clarke Samantha , Ferrett Samantha , Hill Peter
Published: March 2021

Convection-permitting ensemble prediction systems (CP-ENS) have been implemented in the midlatitudes for weather forecasting time scales over the past decade, enabled by the increase in computational resources. Recently, efforts are being made to study the benefits of CP-ENS for tropical regions. This study examines CP-ENS forecasts produced by the Met Office over tropical East Africa, for 24 cases in the period April–May 2019. The CP-ENS, an ensemble with parameterized convection (Glob-ENS), and their deterministic counterparts are evaluated against rainfall estimates derived from satellite observations (GPM-IMERG). The CP configurations have the best representation of the diurnal cycle, although heavy rainfall amounts are overestimated compared to observations. Pairwise comparisons between the different configurations reveal that the CP-ENS is generally the most skillful forecast for both 3- and 24-h accumulations of heavy rainfall (97th percentile), followed by the CP deterministic forecast. More precisely, probabilistic forecasts of heavy rainfall, verified using a neighborhood approach, show that the CP-ENS is skillful at scales greater than 100 km, significantly better than the Glob-ENS, although not as good as found in the midlatitudes. Skill decreases with lead time and varies diurnally, especially for CP forecasts. The CP-ENS is underspread both in terms of forecasting the locations of heavy rainfall and in terms of domain-averaged rainfall. This study demonstrates potential benefits in using CP-ENS for operational forecasting of heavy rainfall over tropical Africa and gives specific suggestions for further research and development, including probabilistic forecast guidance.
Profiling Darkweb Child Sexual Exploitation Material Forum Members Using Longitudinal Posting History Data
Authors: van der Bruggen Madeleine , Blokland Arjan
Published: March 2021

Darkweb fora dedicated to the illegal exchange of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) continue to thrive. Profiling forum members based on their communication patterns will increase our insights in the dynamics of online CSEM and may aid law enforcement to identify those members who are most influential and pose the highest risk. The current study uses data from a large English language Darkweb CSEM forum that was active between 2010 and 2014, containing over 400,000 posts. Posts were time stamped, categorized based on subforum topic, and linked to individual forum members by nickname. Group-based trajectory modeling was subsequently applied to derive forum member profiles based on members’ posting history. Analyses show that over the course of the observation period, overall activity levels—in terms of total number of posting members and the average number of posts per month per member—fluctuate substantially and that multiple developmental pathways—in terms of monthly patterns in the frequency of posts by individual members—can be distinguished. Theoretical and practical ramifications of these findings are discussed.
Effectiveness of Mulligan manual therapy over exercise on headache frequency, intensity and disability for patients with migraine, tension-type headache and cervicogenic headache – a protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Satpute Kiran , Bedekar Nilima , Hall Toby
Published: March 2021

Background

Non - pharmacological management of migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cervicogenic headache (CGH) may include spinal manual therapy and exercise. Mulligan Manual Therapy (MMT) utilizes a protocol of headache elimination procedures to manage headache parameters and associated disability, but has only been evaluated in CGH. There is little evidence for its effectiveness in migraine and TTH. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of MMT and exercise over exercise and placebo in the management of migraine, TTH, and CGH.

Methods

This pragmatic trial is designed as a prospective, three-armed randomised controlled trial in a clinical setting provided at a general hospital physiotherapy department. Two hundred ninety-seven participants with a diagnosis of migraine, TTH or CGH based on published headache classification guidelines will be included. An assessor blind to group allocation will measure outcomes pre-and post-intervention as well as 3 and 6 months after commencement of treatment. Participants will be allocated to one of the three groups: MMT and exercise; placebo and exercise; and exercise alone. The primary outcome measure is headache frequency. Secondary outcome measures are headache duration and intensity, medication intake, pressure pain threshold (PPT), range of motion recorded with the flexion rotation test, and headache disability recorded with Headache Activities of Daily Living Index (HADLI). The intention-to-treat principle will be followed for statistical analysis. Between groups differences for all outcome measures at baseline and at reassessment points and 95% confidence intervals will be calculated using a mixed model ANOVA. Post hoc tests will be conducted to identify any significant difference between groups and over time.

Discussion

This pragmatic study will provide evidence for the effectiveness of MMT when compared with a placebo intervention and exercise on headache frequency, intensity, and disability. Limitations are that baseline evaluation of headache parameters may be affected by recall bias. External validity will be limited to the population with a minimum 1-year history of headache. The HADLI is not yet extensively evaluated for its psychometric properties and association between PPT and headache parameters is lacking. Performance bias is inevitable as a single therapist will be delivering all interventions.

Trial registration

The trial was registered prospectively under the Clinical Trial Registry India (Registration number: CTRI/2019/06/019506, dated on 03/06/2019). .
FBW7 suppresses ovarian cancer development by targeting the N6-methyladenosine binding protein YTHDF2
Authors: Xu Fei , Li Jiajia , Ni Mengdong , Cheng Jingyi , Zhao Haiyun , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Xiang , Wu Xiaohua
Published: March 2021

Background

The tumor suppressor FBW7 is the substrate recognition component of the SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates proteolytic degradation of various oncogenic proteins. However, the role of FBW7 in ovarian cancer progression remains inadequately understood.

Methods

IP-MASS, co-IP, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to identify the potential substrate of FBW7 in ovarian cancer. The biological effects of FBW7 were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. LC/MS was used to detect the m6A levels in ovarian cancer tissues. MeRIP-Seq and RNA-Seq were used to assess the downstream targets of YTHDF2.

Results

We unveil that FBW7 is markedly down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and its high expression is associated with favorable prognosis and elevated m6A modification levels. Consistently, ectopic FBW7 inhibits ovarian cancer cell survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo, while ablation of FBW7 empowers propagation of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the m6A reader protein, YTHDF2, is identified as a novel substrate for FBW7. FBW7 counteracts the tumor-promoting effect of YTHDF2 by inducing proteasomal degradation of the latter in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, YTHDF2 globally regulates the turnover of m6A-modified mRNAs, including the pro-apoptotic gene BMF.

Conclusions

Our study has demonstrated that FBW7 suppresses tumor growth and progression via antagonizing YTHDF2-mediated BMF mRNA decay in ovarian cancer.
Associations of subclinical autistic-like traits with brain structural variation using diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Schröder Yvonne , Hohmann Daniela Michelle , Meller Tina , Evermann Ulrika , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Jansen Andreas , Kamp-Becker Inge , Grezellschak Sarah , Nenadić Igor
Published: March 2021

Background

Previous case–control studies of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified altered brain structure such as altered frontal and temporal cortex volumes, or decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) within the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in patients. It remains unclear whether subclinical autistic-like traits might also be related to variation in these brain structures.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 250 psychiatrically healthy subjects phenotyped for subclinical autistic-like traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). For data analysis, we used voxel-based morphometry of T1-MRIs (Computational Anatomy Toolbox) and tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion tensor imaging data.

Results

AQ attention switching subscale correlated negatively with FA values in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus as well as the bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Higher AQ attention switching subscale scores were associated with increased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity values in the uncinate fasciculus, while axial diffusivity values within this tract show a negative correlation. AQ attention to detail subscale correlated positively with gray matter volume in the right pre- and postcentral gyrus.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that individuals with higher levels of autism-spectrum-like features show decreased white matter integrity in tracts associated with higher-level visual processing and increased cortical volume in areas linked to movement sequencing and working memory. Our results resemble regional brain structure alterations found in individuals with ASD. This offers opportunities to further understand the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder and shows a subclinical continuum perspective.
Ecdysone regulates theDrosophilaimaginal disc epithelial barrier, determining the length of regeneration checkpoint delay
Authors: DaCrema Danielle , Bhandari Rajan , Karanja Faith , Yano Ryunosuke , Halme Adrian
Published: March 2021

Regeneration of Drosophila imaginal discs, larval precursors to adult tissues, activates a regeneration checkpoint that coordinates regenerative growth with developmental progression. This regeneration checkpoint results from the release of the relaxin-family peptide Dilp8 from regenerating imaginal tissues. Secreted Dilp8 protein is detected within the imaginal disc lumen, in which it is separated from its receptor target Lgr3, which is expressed in the brain and prothoracic gland, by the disc epithelial barrier. Here, we demonstrate that following damage the imaginal disc epithelial barrier limits Dilp8 signaling and the duration of regeneration checkpoint delay. We also find that the barrier becomes increasingly impermeable to the transepithelial diffusion of labeled dextran during the second half of the third instar. This change in barrier permeability is driven by the steroid hormone ecdysone and correlates with changes in localization of Coracle, a component of the septate junctions that is required for the late-larval impermeable epithelial barrier. Based on these observations, we propose that the imaginal disc epithelial barrier regulates the duration of the regenerative checkpoint, providing a mechanism by which tissue function can signal the completion of regeneration.
Blocking estrogen-induced AMH expression is crucial for normal follicle formation
Authors: Tanimoto Ren , Sekii Kiyono , Morohaku Kanako , Li Jianzhen , Pépin David , Obata Yayoi
Published: March 2021

In mammals, primordial follicles assembled in fetuses or during infancy constitute the oocyte resources for life. Exposure to 17beta-estradiol and phytogenic or endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy and/or the perinatal period leads to the failure of normal follicle formation. However, the mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated abnormal follicle formation and physiological follicle formation in the presence of endogenous natural estrogen are not well understood. Here, we reveal that estrogen receptor 1, activated by estrogen, binds to the 5′ region of the anti-Mullerian hormone (Amh) gene and upregulates its transcription before follicle formation in cultured mouse fetal ovaries. Ectopic expression of AMH protein was observed in pregranulosa cells of these explants. Furthermore, the addition of AMH to the culture medium inhibited normal follicle formation. Conversely, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) produced in the fetal liver reportedly blocks estrogen action, although its role in follicle formation is unclear. We further demonstrated that the addition of AFP to the medium inhibited ectopic AMH expression via estrogen, leading to successful follicle formation in vitro. Collectively, our in vitro experiments suggest that upon estrogen exposure, the integrity of follicle assembly in vivo is ensured by AFP.
Ready? Set? Snooze!
Authors: Woodward Dawn
Published: March 2021

For many of us, nothing compares to the feeling of falling into a comfy bed after a hard day's work in surgery. National Bed Month is the perfect excuse to spend more time under the covers
‘His positive energy lights up the room’
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr
Published: March 2021

Piotr Chmielewski is the epitome of a great dental nurse, according to dentist Kunal Shah. Here, the newly qualified ‘hardworking guy’ talks about changing lives – and perceptions
Lessons learnt: Changing perceptions
Authors: O'Connor Melissa
Published: March 2021

During the pandemic, have you been looked down upon or dismissed by other healthcare professionals because you're ‘just’ a dental nurse? Melissa O'Connor addresses dentistry's damaged reputation and suggests dental nurses are the powerhouses of any practice
Zugänge zu Hybridität
Authors: Hosseini-Eckhardt Nushin
Published: March 2021

Welchen Umgang pflegen wir mit Uneindeutigkeit? Hybridität stellt als Konzept der Verflechtung ein Gegengewicht zu Politiken der Isolierung und Abgrenzung dar: Es hinterfragt Differenzlinien und erlaubt, zusammenzudenken, was angeblich nicht zusammengehört. Nushin Hosseini-Eckhardt lotet den Begriff hinsichtlich seiner Potenziale für die Pädagogik besonders für die Bildungsphilosophie aus und verschafft ihm über die Besprechung interdisziplinärer Kontexte, Methoden und Strategien ein breites theoretisches Fundament. Im Fokus stehen Anwendungen des vielzitierten »Dritten Raumes«.
Die LSBTIQ*-Bewegung und geschlechtliche Vielfalt - Anerkennung und komplexe Netzwerkarbeit
Authors: Lembke-Peters Daniel
Published: March 2021

Daniel Lembke-Peters geht auf das Zusammenwirken der LSBTIQ*-Bewegung anlässlich der neuen Möglichkeiten im Personenstandsrecht ein und legt hierbei einen Fokus auf die LSBTIQ*-Netzwerkarbeit. Der Beitrag geht Fragen nach Zugehörigkeiten zur LSBTIQ*-Bewegung, nach unterschiedlichen Positionen in der Antidiskriminierungsarbeit sowie nach einem kompetenten Umgang mit geschlechtlicher Vielfalt für die Soziale Arbeit und für verwandte Felder nach. Zur Beantwortung der aufgeworfenen Fragen verbindet der Beitrag das Trilemma der Inklusion mit der Frage nach Kompetenz im Umgang mit Heterogenität in der LSBTIQ*-Bewegung und ordnet die LSBTIQ*-Netzwerkarbeit als Handlungsebene innerhalb und außerhalb der Bewegung mit Rückgriff auf Anerkennungstheorien als wichtige Chance und Herausforderung für die Antidiskriminierungsarbeit ein.
Die Un/Sichtbarkeit des Kapitals
Authors: Gregor Felix T.
Published: March 2021

Der moderne Kapitalismus stellt für die Bildkulturen der Gegenwart ein sonderbares Phänomen dar: Seine Einflüsse und Auswirkungen können im Alltag vielfach beobachtet werden; er selbst ist aber als System, das ebenso Wirtschafts- wie auch Gesellschaftsweise ist, immateriell und »unsichtbar«. Wenn das Medium Film Kapitalismus thematisiert, muss es distinkte mediale Strategien des Sprechens und Zeigens entwickeln, um ihn erfahrbar und wahrnehmbar, damit »sichtbar« zu machen. Ausgehend von Überlegungen zum Konzept des Dispositivs bei Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze und Giorgio Agamben, geht Felix T. Gregor entlang der Kategorien Körper und Subjekt, Raum und Zeit, Macht und Durchdringung sowie Krise und Exzess narrativen, ästhetischen und medialen Erzählstrategien des Kapitalismus in Filmen von Alexander Kluge, Harun Farocki, Anahita Razmi und anderen nach.
Crystal structure of N-(5-(2-(benzyl(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(benzyloxy)phenyl)formamide, C33H36N2O4
Authors: Xu Qin-Juan
Published: March 2021

C33H36N2O4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.3543(17) Å, b = 14.7958(17) Å, c = 25.496(3) Å, V = 5792.1(11) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0490, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1402, T = 296(2) K.
Preface
Authors: Bennett Phyllis , Szustaczek Christine
Published: March 2021

This preface describes the theme of this year's issue of MJC. It also summarizes the articles therein.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Children as a Trauma-Informed Intervention
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Prout Tracy , Cohen Jonah , Russo Marni , Clements Talia , Kufferath-Lin Tatiana , Joaquin Michelle , Kui Thomas , Kim Susan , Zaidi Arifa , Hoffman Leon
Published: March 2021

This article outlines the underpinnings of a psychodynamic approach for the treatment of childhood trauma through strengthening the implicit emotion regulation system. Childhood trauma impairs the functioning of the emotion regulation system, where deficits are common in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Difficulties with emotion regulation arise out of disruptions in the development of neurobiological pathways through the interaction of constitutional determinants with environmental factors, including the child's relationships with caregivers and the broader environment. We propose that a therapeutic focus on traumatized children's defenses can overcome the damaging reverberations of trauma. This approach may bypass the difficulties of high attrition rates, expense, and limited generalizability characteristic of skills training-based modalities. An illustration of an intervention to help children address unbearable emotions in traumatic experiences through defense interpretation is presented. The manualization and study of this approach within a project titled Regulation Focused Psychotherapy for Children (RFP-C) presents a unique opportunity to contribute to the evidence-based canon of treatments for children with histories of trauma.
Altered Phosphorylation of the Proteasome Subunit Rpt6 Has Minimal Impact on Synaptic Plasticity and Learning
Authors: Scudder Samantha L. , Gonzales Frankie R. , Howell Kristin K. , Stein Ivar S. , Dozier Lara E. , Anagnostaras Stephan G. , Zito Karen , Patrick Gentry N.
Published: March 2021

Dynamic control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is thought to play a crucial role in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. The proteasome subunit Rpt6, an AAA ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP), has emerged as an important site for regulation of 26S proteasome function in neurons. Phosphorylation of Rpt6 on serine 120 (S120) can stimulate the catalytic rate of substrate degradation by the 26S proteasome and this site is targeted by the plasticity-related kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), making it an attractive candidate for regulation of proteasome function in neurons. Severalin vitrostudies have shown that altered Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation can affect the structure and function of synapses. To evaluate the importance of Rpt6 S120 phosphorylationin vivo, we created two mouse models which feature mutations at S120 that block or mimic phosphorylation at this site. We find that peptidase and ATPase activities are upregulated in the phospho-mimetic mutant and downregulated in the phospho-dead mutant [S120 mutated to aspartic acid (S120D) or alanine (S120A), respectively]. Surprisingly, these mutations had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and dendritic spine dynamics and density in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these mutants displayed no deficits in cued and contextual fear memory. Thus, in a mouse model that blocks or mimics phosphorylation at this site, either compensatory mechanisms negate these effects, or small variations in proteasome activity are not enough to induce significant changes in synaptic structure, plasticity, or behavior.
Asia in 2020
Authors: Heo Uk
Published: March 2021

The biggest stories of the year 2020 were the COVID-19 pandemic and a trade dispute between the United States and China. The pandemic significantly damaged the Asian economies. The US-China trade war halted after a phase one trade deal and the pandemic, but the future is unclear.
Which Vitamins are in the Chocolate Cake? How American Girl Marketing Has Responded to Shifting Discourses About Gender and Race
Authors: Zaslow Emilie
Published: March 2021

Pleasant Rowland, who founded the American Girl historical doll, accessory, and book collection in the mid-1980s, claimed that her dolls were like “chocolate cake with vitamins,” enjoyable, but also educational. Although history has always played a part in the American Girl brand, its role has fluctuated over time in concert with changing social discourses about gender and race in American culture. This essay explores how the brand has engaged with these shifting discourses over the last thirty years as it determines how to invite children and their parents to encounter the brand’s retelling of the past. How have the “vitamins” that Rowland imagined for her consumers changed over time as the seventeen historical characters have been created, rebranded, and marketed in contemporary America?
TÜRKİYE'DE ADALET HİZMETLERİ TALEBİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: YAŞAM MEMNUNİYETİ YÖNTEMİYLE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: GÜMÜŞ ÖZUYAR Sevilay Ece , BAŞARAN Alparslan , BAĞDADİOĞLU Necmiddin
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşam memnuniyeti yöntemini kullanarak Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin adalete ilişkin tercih ve taleplerini etkileyebilecek ekonomik performans rasyonellerinin ortaya çıkarılması, kamusal hizmet sunum performans algılarının tespit edilmesidir. Analiz için adalet hizmetlerinin seçilmesinin birinci sebebi, bir tam kamusal mal olarak kollektif tüketime konu olması nedeniyle toplumun genel kanılarını diğer mal ve hizmetlere göre daha iyi yansıtacağı düşüncesidir. Adalet malının ikamesinin ya da yakın ikamesinin bulunmaması, bireylerin değer yargıları ile oldukça grift olması ile araştırma yapılan yıllar arasında adalet hizmetinin niteliğinin köklü bir değişime uğramaması ise diğer nedenlerdir. Bu çalışmada 2004-2012 TÜİK Yaşam Memnuniyeti Anket verileri, ikili probit regresyon analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular, bireylerin yaş ve medeni hallerinin adalet malının sunumuna yönelik memnuniyetleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmadığını; gelir, cinsiyet, yaşanılan yer, eğitim ve geleceğe yönelik beklentilerinin ise oldukça önemli etkilerinin bulunduğu göstermektedir. Bireylerin yasaların adil-ve-tarafsız uygulanmasına yönelik görüşleri ile mahkemeye başvurma/işlem yapma durumlarının da sunum memnuniyetini etkileyen diğer unsurlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kentlerde yaşayan, eğitim ve gelir seviyesi yüksek vatandaşların adaleti varolan şekliyle tercih ve talep etmedikleri sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Gelecekten beklentileri yüksek olan bireylerin sunum memnuniyetlerinin de yüksek olduğu, bireylerin hizmet sunum performansına yönelik algılarının ise kişisel özellikler ve malın sunumuna yönelik düşünceler tarafından belirlendiği çalışma neticesinde ulaşılan diğer çıkarımlardır.
SOSYAL MEDYANIN KAMUSAL ALAN OLUŞTURMA POTANSİYELİ ÜZERİNE: BOOKSTAGRAM ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: UZUN YEDEKCİ Emel , YEDEKCİ Erdem
Published: March 2021

Günümüzde her yanı saran yeni medya teknolojileri ve beraberinde çoğalan sosyal medya kullanımı, yeni birçok soruyu gündeme taşımıştır. Sosyal medyanın yeni bir kamusal alan oluşturup oluşturamayacağı sorusu da bunlardan biridir. Demokratik bir kamusal alan umudu, bu yeni teknolojilerle birlikte mümkün olabilecek midir? Çok sayıda kullanıcıya sahip bir sosyal ağ olan Instagram üzerinden gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın temel sorusu budur. Instagram birçok farklı kategoride paylaşımın gerçekleştirildiği bir sosyal ağdır. Bu çalışmada odaklanılan grup ise yoğunluklu olarak kitap paylaşımı yapan ve çoğunlukla kendilerine “Bookstagram” adını veren hesaplardır. Bu hesaplara odaklanılmasının nedeni, kamusal alanın ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde edebiyatla olan yakın ilişkisidir. Anket ve söylem analizi yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı araştırma, Bookstagram hesaplarının yeni bir kamusal alan yaratma potansiyeli olup olmadığı sorusunu sormaktadır. Kamusal alan, farklılıkların oluşturduğu çoğunlukla var olabilmektedir. Sosyal medya mecraları da birçok farklı ağdan meydana gelmektedir. Bu bakımdan, bu araştırma büyük bir çemberin sadece bir halkasıdır. Diğer halkalarla/diğer araştırmalarla desteklenen bir çember, sosyal medyanın kamusal alan oluşturma potansiyeli konusunda bizlere daha kapsamlı cevaplar verebilecektir.
TÜRKİYE’DE DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: KARABIYIK Can , ÇOLPAN NART Ela
Published: March 2021

İş gücü ve sermaye gibi üretim faktörü hareketlerinin incelendiği geniş bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Bir bölümünü uluslararası iş gücü hareketlerinin oluşturduğu göç kavramının arkasında sosyal, kültürel, siyasal sebepler olduğu gibi ekonomik nedenler de bulunmaktadır. Ekonomik göç kavramı, ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik koşulların farklılığından kaynaklanan göç olarak nitelendirilmektedir ve bu farklılıklar göç hareketlerinin temel sebeplerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu nedenle literatürde göç ile milli gelir, gelir dağılımı, dış ticaret vb. gibi çeşitli ekonomik büyüklükler arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı ise gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerden Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile bu ülkelere giden Türkiyeli göçmen sayısı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.

Çalışmada kullanılan veri seti Türkiye’ye doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı gerçekleştiren ve Türkiye’den göç alan gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan seçilmiş 23 ülkenin 1993-2013 aralığındaki yıllık değerlerini içermektedir. Çalışmada panel veri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Literatürde göç akımları ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım arasındaki ilişki çekim denklemi kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Bu sebeple modellerde yer alan değişkenler, genişletilmiş çekim modeline göre belirlenmiştir. Veri setinde ikili doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı ve göçmen sayısı değerleri yer almaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular Türkiye ekonomisinde bağlantı etkisi teorisinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bir başka deyişle Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, yatırımın kaynağı olan ülkelere göçü arttırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Türkiye milli geliri ile dışa göç arasında ters yönlü ilişki olduğu, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımının kaynağı olan ülkelerin gelirleri ve okullaşma oranları ile bu ülkelere olan göç arasında doğru yönlü ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna ilave olarak sermaye kaynağı ülkelerin nüfuslarının, hayat pahalılığının ve Türkiye ile arasındaki mesafelerinin bu ülkelere olan göçü azalttığına dair bulgular da elde edilmiştir.
The Importance of Oral and Dental Health in Cardiovascular System Diseases
Authors: KAYNAK Besime Ahu
Published: March 2021

Today, the importance of oral and dental health and their the impact on general health are widely accepted facts known by the majority of society. Teeth have great importance in human life, especially in terms of function, phonation, and aesthetics in order to lead a quality life. However, there is still a high proportion of dental and gingival diseases and insufficient oral hygiene in adult population in Turkey. The view that poor oral hygiene and periodontal diseases increase the risk of cardiovascular disease has been gaining popularity in recent years. The increase in the number of research studies on this subject also supports this outcome.
Previous studies have demonstrated that periodontitis may be related to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases have been one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality especially in industrialized countries since the beginning of the twentieth century.
Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению нейроэндокринных опухолей лёгких и тимуса
Authors: Орел Н. Ф. , Артамонова Е. В. , Горбунова В. А. , Делекторская В. В. , Емельянова Г. С. , Кузьминов А. Е. , Любимова Н. В. , Маркович А. А. , Орлов С. В.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению злокачественных неэпителиальных опухолей яичников
Authors: Хохлова С. В. , Давыдова И. Ю. , Коломиец Л. А. , Кузнецов В. В. , Новикова Е. Г. , Трякин А. А. , Тюляндина А. С. , Урманчеева А. Ф.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака коры надпочечника
Authors: Горбунова В. А. , Бельцевич Д. Г. , Бохян В. Ю. , Коломейцева А. А. , Мельниченко Г. А. , Переводчикова Н. И. , Феденко А. А.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по управлению иммуноопосредованными нежелательными явлениями
Authors: Проценко С. А. , Антимоник Н. Ю. , Берштейн Л. М. , Жукова Н. В. , Новик А. В. , Носов Д. А. , Петенко Н. Н. , Семенова А. И. , Чубенко В. А. , Харкевич Г. Ю. , Юдин Д. И.
Published: March 2021

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