bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monozygotic twins are discordant for chronic periodontitis: white blood cell counts and cytokine production after ex vivo stimulation
Authors: Torres de Heens Gaudy L. , Loos Bruno G. , Van Der Velden Ubele
Published: January 2010

Torres de Heens GL, Loos BG, van der Velden U. Monozygotic twins are discordant for chronic periodontitis: white blood Cell Counts and Cytokine production after ex vivo stimulation. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 129–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01485.x.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of concordance in the number of leucocytes and their cytokine secretion after ex vivo stimulation in a twin population discordant for the amount of periodontal breakdown.

Material and Methods: Venous blood was collected from 18 adult twin pairs (10 monozygotic and eight dizygotic twins). Each twin pair consisted of a diseased twin (proband) and his/her co‐twin. In venous blood, leucocytes were counted. The cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and IL‐12p40 were assessed after stimulation of monocytic cells, while IL‐13 and interferon (IFN)‐γ were determined after lymphocytic stimulation.

Results: In the study population as a whole, probands showed higher total numbers of leucocytes and lower IL‐12p40 levels compared with their co‐twins. In monozygotic twins, no difference was found in the leucocyte counts, but probands secreted more IL‐6 than their co‐twins; an opposite trend was found for IL‐12p40.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the observed discordance in periodontal breakdown in the studied monozygotic twin population may be related to the relatively high levels of IL‐6 and the low levels of IL‐12p40 secretion after ex vivo stimulation of whole‐blood cell cultures. This cytokine secretion profile may be regarded as a risk indicator of periodontitis.
Association between interleukin‐6 polymorphisms and periodontitis in Indian non‐smokers
Authors: Franch‐Chillida Fernando , Nibali Luigi , Madden Isobel , Donos Nikos , Brett Peter
Published: January 2010

Franch‐Chillida F, Nibali L, Madden I, Donos N, Brett P. Association between interleukin‐6 polymorphisms and periodontitis in Indian non‐smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 137–144. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01501.x.

Aim: Genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene have been associated with the presence of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between five SNPs in the IL‐6 promoter region and the periodontal status of a rural Indian population.

Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐one systemically healthy volunteers were clinically assessed by a single calibrated examiner and divided into: healthy individuals and periodontitis patients based on the European Workshop on Periodontitis definitions and on a recently suggested definition, which takes into account age and clinical attachment levels. Their genomic DNA was analysed blindly using real‐time polymerase chain reaction to study IL‐6 variants. The association between genetic factors and the presence of periodontitis was assessed by logistic regression.

Results: The IL‐6−174 GG genotype was associated with periodontitis in non‐smokers and older subjects (>45 years old). No statistically significant associations were detected between IL‐6 haplotypes and periodontal status, after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions: The IL‐6−174 polymorphism showed some evidence of an association with the periodontal status in non‐smokers and older subjects in this rural Indian population. This association might be mediated by the effect of IL‐6 on inflammatory responses.
Compromised periodontal status in an urban Sri Lankan population with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , De Silva Nimali , McCracken Giles I. , Fernando Devaka J. S. , Dalton Caroline F. , Steen Nick D. , Heasman Peter A.
Published: January 2010

Preshaw PM, de Silva N, McCracken GI, Fernando DJS, Dalton CF, Steen ND, Heasman PA. Compromised periodontal status in an urban Sri Lankan population with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 165–1171. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01519.x

Aim: To determine the prevalence of periodontitis in an urban population of Sri Lankans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to compare the data with those from a population of adults without diabetes.

Methods: Demographic data and a diabetes profile were recorded for a population of urban Sri Lankan adults with T2DM including duration of diabetes, blood pressure; percentage glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose level, total cholesterol; triglycerides, low‐ and high‐density lipoproteins. The clinical examination comprised an oral soft tissue examination, full‐mouth probing depths (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing (BoP).

Results: Two hundred and eighty‐five individuals with T2DM and 72 controls were examined. 33.3% of T2DM patients were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis compared with 21.7% of controls (p=0.077). Subjects with T2DM had significantly more sites with PD4 and 5 mm (p<0.01), and higher mean GR and BoP scores (p<0.01).

Conclusion: This urban Sri Lankan population of subjects with T2DM demonstrated a compromised periodontal status compared with non‐diabetic controls.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: CD3− CD56+ CD16+ Natural Killer Cells and Improvement of Pregnancy Outcome in IVF/ICSI Failure After Additional IVIG‐Treatment
Authors: Heilmann Lothar , Schorsch Martin , Hahn Thomas
Published: January 2010

Citation Heilmann L, Schorsch M, Hahn T. CD3− CD56+ CD16+ Natural killer cells and improvement of pregnancy outcome in IVF/ICSI failure after additional IVIG‐treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 263–265

Problem  The purpose of this retrospective, observational study was to investigate whether additional treatment with intravenous immunglobulin (IVIG) increased the rate of successful pregnancies after repeated implantation failure (RIF). The retrospective data were compared with data of patients without IVIG‐therapy from the meta‐analysis of Clark et al.

Method of study  A total of 188 women with 226 treatment cycles between 2007 and 2009 were evaluated for IVIG therapy. The percentage of NK cells was measured two times before a new embryo transfer (only women with NK cell percentages >12% were included) and after embryo transfer at a positive pregnancy test.

Results  In comparison with the meta‐analysis of Clark et al., we observed a pregnancy rate of 50.5%, an implantation rate of 21% and a miscarriage rate of 16.8%. In 42%/IVIG‐ patient or 34.9%/embryo transfer, we observed a live born baby. The live born rate per embryo was 16.6%. In accordance with the study of Kwak et al., we indicate a decrease in the NK cells in patients with improved pregnancy outcome.

Conclusion  In a subgroup of RIF‐patients with high level of CD56+ CD16+ NK‐cells the additional application of IVIG leads to a favourable pregnancy outcome.
A new dynamo pattern revealed by solar helical magnetic fields
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Sakurai T. , Pevtsov A. , Gao Yu , Xu Haiqing , Sokoloff D. D. , Kuzanyan K.
Published: January 2010

A previously unobservable mirror asymmetry of the solar magnetic field – a key ingredient of the dynamo mechanism which is believed to drive the 11-year activity cycle – has recently been measured. This was achieved through systematic monitoring of solar active regions carried out for more than 20 years at observatories in Mees, Huairou and Mitaka. In this Letter we report on detailed analysis of vector magnetic field data, obtained at Huairou Solar Observing Station in China. Electric current helicity (the product of current and magnetic field components in the same direction) was estimated from the data and a latitude–time plot of solar helicity during the last two solar cycles has been produced. We find that like sunspots helicity patterns propagate equatorwards, but unlike sunspot polarity helicity in each solar hemisphere does not change sign from cycle to cycle, thus confirming the theory. There are, however, two significant time–latitudinal domains in each cycle when the sign briefly inverts. Our findings shed new light on stellar and planetary dynamos and are yet to be included in the theory.
Hand up! Yawn and Raise Your Arm
Authors: Walusinski O. , Neau J.-P. , Bogousslavsky J.
Published: January 2010

Background

In some cases of hemiplegia, the initiation of yawning is associated with involuntary raising of the paralysed arm. Reports are scarce in the literature, probably because the phenomenon has largely been overlooked.

Methods

We studied six patients from two neurologic units, and compared them with published cases from the last 200 years. Brain imaging typically shows a small vascular lesion most often located in the internal capsule.

Results

After comparison with experimental models in cats, we suggest that damage to the cortico-neocerebellar tract of the extrapyramidal system disinhibits the spino-archeocere-bellar tract, enabling a motor stimulation of the arm by the lateral reticular nucleus, which harmonises both central respiratory and locomotor rhythms.

Conclusions

When phylogenetically primitive structures are disinhibited, they regain autonomy in the homeostatic process associating the massive inspiration of yawning – a form of behaviour that stimulates vigilance – with a motor control mechanism that is active during locomotion. For this phenomenon, we coined the term ‘parakinesia brachialis oscitans’.
Design of the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST)
Authors: Sheffet A.J. , Roubin G. , Howard G. , Howard V. , Moore W. , Meschia J.F. , Hobson R.W. , Brott T.G.
Published: January 2010

Rationale

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy were shown superior to medical therapy alone for symptomatic (ge;50%) and asymptomatic (≥60%) stenosis. Carotid angioplasty stenting (CAS) offers a less invasive alternative. Establishing safety, efficacy, and durability of CAS requires rigorous comparison with CEA in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Aims

The objective is to compare the efficacy of CAS versus CEA in patients with symptomatic (≥50%) or asymptomatic (≥60%) extracranial carotid stenosis.

Design

The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST) is a prospective, randomized, parallel, two-arm, multi-center trial with blinded endpoint adjudication. Primary endpoints are analyzed using standard time-to-event statistical modeling with adjustment for major baseline covariates. Primary analysis is on an intent-to-treat basis.

Study Outcomes

The primary outcome is the occurrence of any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during a 30-day peri-procedural period, and ipsilateral stroke during follow-up of up to four years. Secondary outcomes include restenosis and health-related quality of life.
Amphetamine toxicities
Authors: Yamamoto Bryan K. , Moszczynska Anna , Gudelsky Gary A.
Published: January 2010

The drugs of abuse, methamphetamine and MDMA, produce long‐term decreases in markers of biogenic amine neurotransmission. These decreases have been traditionally linked to nerve terminals and are evident in a variety of species, including rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Recent studies indicate that the damage produced by these drugs may be more widespread than originally believed. Changes indicative of damage to cell bodies of biogenic and nonbiogenic amine–containing neurons in several brain areas and endothelial cells that make up the blood–brain barrier have been reported. The processes that mediate this damage involve not only oxidative stress but also include excitotoxic mechanisms, neuroinflammation, the ubiquitin proteasome system, as well as mitochondrial and neurotrophic factor dysfunction. These mechanisms also underlie the toxicity associated with chronic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, both of which have been shown to augment the toxicity to methamphetamine. Overall, multiple mechanisms are involved and interact to promote neurotoxicity to methamphetamine and MDMA. Moreover, the high coincidence of substituted amphetamine abuse by humans with HIV and/or chronic stress exposure suggests a potential enhanced vulnerability of these individuals to the neurotoxic actions of the amphetamines.
Cocaine addiction in mothers
Authors: Strathearn Lane , Mayes Linda C.
Published: January 2010

Maternal cocaine addiction is a significant public health issue particularly affecting children, with high rates of reported abuse, neglect, and foster care placement. This review examines both preclinical and clinical evidence for how cocaine abuse may affect maternal care and infant development, exploring brain, behavioral, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. There is evidence that cocaine affects infant development both directly, via in utero exposure, and indirectly via alterations in maternal care. Two neural systems known to play an important role in both maternal care and cocaine addiction are the oxytocin and dopamine systems, mediating social and reward‐related behaviors and stress reactivity. These same neural mechanisms may also be involved in the infant's development of vulnerability to addiction. Understanding the neuroendocrine pathways involved in maternal behavior and addiction may help facilitate earlier, more effective interventions to help substance‐abusing mothers provide adequate care for their infant and perhaps prevent the intergenerational transmission of risk.
Cocaine‐induced neuroadaptations in glutamate transmission
Authors: Schmidt Heath D. , Pierce R. Christopher
Published: January 2010

A growing body of evidence indicates that repeated exposure to cocaine leads to profound changes in glutamate transmission in limbic nuclei, particularly the nucleus accumbens. This review focuses on preclinical studies of cocaine‐induced behavioral plasticity, including behavioral sensitization, self‐administration, and the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Behavioral, pharmacological, neurochemical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and molecular biological changes associated with cocaine‐induced plasticity in glutamate systems are reviewed. The ultimate goal of these lines of research is to identify novel targets for the development of therapies for cocaine craving and addiction. Therefore, we also outline the progress and prospects of glutamate modulators for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
Regulator of G protein–signaling proteins and addictive drugs
Authors: Traynor John
Published: January 2010

Regulator of G protein–signaling (RGS) proteins are a family of more than 30 intracellular proteins that negatively modulate intracellular signaling of receptors in the G protein‐coupled receptor family. This family includes receptors for opioids, cannabinoids, and dopamine that mediate the acute effects of addictive drugs or behaviors and chronic effects leading to the development of addictive disease. Members of the RGS protein family, by negatively modulating receptor signaling, influence the intracellular processes that lead to addiction. In turn, addictive drugs control the expression levels of several RGS proteins. This review will consider the distribution and mechanisms of action of RGS proteins, particularly the R4 and R7 families that have been implicated in the actions of addictive drugs, how knowledge of these proteins is contributing to an understanding of addictive processes, and whether specific RGS proteins could provide targets for the development of medications to manage and/or treat addiction.
Transgenic mice in the study of drug addiction and the effects of psychostimulant drugs
Authors: Sora Ichiro , Li BingJin , Igari Moe , Hall F. Scott , Ikeda Kazutaka
Published: January 2010

The first transgenic models used to study addiction were based upona prioriassumptions about the importance of particular genes in addiction, including the main target molecules of morphine, amphetamine, and cocaine. This consequently emphasized the importance of monoamine transporters, opioid receptors, and monoamine receptors in addiction. Although the effects of opiates were largely eliminated by μ opioid receptor gene knockout, the case for psychostimulants was much more complex. Research using transgenic models supported the idea of a polygenic basis for psychostimulant effects and has associated particular genes with different behavioral consequences of psychostimulants. Phenotypic analysis of transgenic mice, especially gene knockout mice, has been instrumental in identifying the role of specific molecular targets of addictive drugs in their actions. In this article, we summarize studies that have provided insight into the polygenic determination of drug addiction phenotypes in ways that are not possible with other methods, emphasizing research into the effects of psychostimulant drugs in gene knockouts of the monoamine transporters and monoamine receptors.
Human immunodeficiency virus–associated neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Nath Avindra
Published: January 2010

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States and increasingly in other parts of the world is now being driven by drug‐abusing populations. Both HIV infection and drugs of abuse affect the basal ganglia, hippocampal structures, and the prefrontal cortex. Understanding the interactions between the two and their combined effects is critical. In vitro studies show that opiates, methamphetamine, and cocaine can potentiate HIV replication and can enhance or synergize with HIV proteins to cause glial cell activation, neurotoxicity, and breakdown of the blood–brain barrier. Many of these studies have been confirmed in vivo by using rodent models. However, the complexities of polydrug addiction and drug withdrawal have yet to be examined in simian models of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder. Clinical studies in substance‐abusing, HIV‐positive patients pose multiple challenges whether aimed at studying disease pathogenesis or conducting clinical trials. This review examines the literature to date, lists the experimental challenges faced by researchers studying effects of drug addiction on HIV neuropathogenesis, and suggests future directions for research.
The management of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Turner Bruce , Drudge‐Coates Lawrence
Published: January 2010

Bone is the most common site for metastatic deposits in men with prostate cancer. Metastatic bone disease is a catastrophic complication which can cause problems such as skeletal related events, hypercalcaemia, anaemia, spinal cord compression and signifies that the malignant process is incurable. It is important that nurses managing a caseload of patients which includes individuals with, or at risk of, metastatic bone disease are aware of the potential complications and management so that a comprehensive patient assessment can be undertaken and early intervention implemented to reduce the impact on the patient and carers.
A survey of patients with prostate cancer attitudes concerning being cared for closer to home
Authors: Bagnall Pauline
Published: January 2010

Recent guidance recommends that men with prostate cancer on watchful waiting and men who have a stable prostate specific antigen, with no significant complications at least 2 years following treatment, should be offered follow‐up outside hospital. The study presented here represents the views of 442 men in the North East of England who fall into this group. It shows that 70·7% of the men surveyed preferred to be followed up at their local district general hospital, compared to 18·1% preferring to be followed up at their general practitioner (GP) practice. Almost 63·8% of patients in this study preferred to be followed up by the nurse specialist in comparison with 23·9% of patients preferring to be reviewed by a consultant and 9·4% choosing their GP. Patients who live in rural areas with a long journey time to the hospital were more likely to choose to be followed up by their GP. There has been no preparation of patients to change their expectations of lifelong follow‐up in secondary care. Patient survivorship information needs to be developed, so that patients are prepared and supported through this change in follow‐up care. This survey demonstrates that the patients within this particular National Health Service (NHS) Trust are happy with the current system of being followed up by the nurse specialist at their local district general hospital.
Telomerase Inhibition as a Novel Therapy for Pediatric Ependymoma
Authors: Wong Vincent C.H. , Morrison Andrew , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia E.
Published: January 2010

Ependymomas are the third most common pediatric brain tumor with an overall survival of ∼50%. Recently, we showed that telomerase [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)] expression is a predictor of poor outcome in pediatric ependymoma. Thus, we hypothesized that ependymomas with functional telomerase may behave more aggressively and that these patients may benefit from anti‐telomerase therapy. To address our hypothesis, we investigated the effect of telomerase inhibition on primary ependymoma cells harvested at the time of surgery, as no animal models or established cell lines are readily available for this tumor. The cells were characterized for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and hTERT expression, initial telomere length and telomerase activity. They were then subjected to telomerase inhibition (MST‐312, 1 µM) and tested for effects on cell viability (MTT assay), proliferation (MIB‐1), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) and DNA damage (γH2AX). After 72 h of telomerase inhibition, primary ependymoma cells showed a significant decrease in cell number (P < 0.001), accompanied by increased DNA damage (γH2AX expression) (P < 0.01) and decreased proliferative index (MIB‐1) (P < 0.01). Half showed an increase in apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3). These data suggest that telomerase inhibition may be an effective adjuvant therapy in pediatric ependymoma, potentially inducing tumor growth arrest in the short term, independent of telomere shortening.
D‐Psicose, a Sweet Monosaccharide, Ameliorate Hyperglycemia, and Dyslipidemia in C57BL/6J db/db Mice
Authors: Baek S.H. , Park S.J. , Lee H.G.
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  D‐psicose has been implicated in glycemic control in recent animal and human studies. In this study, the effects of D‐psicose on glycemic responses, insulin release, and lipid profiles were compared with those of D‐glucose and D‐fructose in a genetic diabetes model. C57BL/6J db/db mice were orally supplemented with 200 mg/kg BW of D‐psicose, D‐glucose, or D‐fructose, respectively, while diabetes control or wild type mice were supplemented with water instead. D‐psicose sustained weight gain by about 10% compared to other groups. The initial blood glucose level maintained from 276 to 305 mg/dL during 28 d in the D‐psicose group, whereas a 2‐fold increase was found in other groups (P < 0.05) among diabetic mice. D‐psicose significantly improved glucose tolerance and the areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose among diabetes (P < 0.05), but had no effect on serum insulin concentration. The plasma lipid profile was not changed by supplemental monosacchrides, although the ratio of LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol was ameliorated by D‐psicose. The administration of D‐psicose reversed hepatic concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) by 37.88% and 62.89%, respectively, compared to the diabetes control (P < 0.05). The current findings suggest that D‐psicose shows promise as an antidiabetic and may have antidyslipidemic effects in type 2 diabetes.
Gel Strength and Sensory Attributes of Fig (Ficus carica) Jams and Preserves as Influenced by Ripeness
Authors: Levaj Branka , Bunić Nedjeljka , Dragović‐Uzelac Verica , Kovačević Danijela Bursać
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  In this article, gel strength and sensory attributes of jams and preserves made from figs at different stages of ripeness were investigated. Special emphasis was put on investigating the relationship of these attributes and pectin composition during ripening. Jams were produced with the addition of sugars and commercial pectin. In the production of preserves, no additional sugars or commercial pectin were used. Basic physicochemical properties (total solids, sugars, pH, total acidity) of figs were determined at all stages of ripeness. Total solids, sugars, and pH value increased in figs during ripening. To better understand the role of fig pectin in gel formation, the amount of 3 pectin fractions, soluble in water (PFW), soluble in oxalate (PFO), and soluble in alkali (PFA), as well as their gel‐forming abilities were determined. The most abundant pectin fraction in figs was found to be PFO. Its amount was not influenced by the stage of ripeness. The amount of PFW and PFA decreased with increased ripeness of the fruit. Strength of gels formed with PFW and PFA isolated at different stages of ripeness followed the same trend. Gels made with PFO were remarkably softer in comparison with other gels. While strength of jams was not influenced by the ripeness of fig fruits, the strength of preserves decreased with increased ripeness of the fruit. The stage of ripeness did not have a significant influence on sensory attributes of jams or preserves. However, the type of product had a significant influence on taste, firmness, and color. Jams scored higher than preserves when these 3 attributes were evaluated.
Effects of Vitamin E and Organic Selenium on Oxidative Stability of ω‐3 Enriched Dark Chicken Meat during Cooking
Authors: Perez T.I. , Zuidhof M.J. , Renema R.A. , Curtis J.M. , Ren Y. , Betti M.
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  The influence of vitamin E and selenomethionine (SeMet) on lipid oxidation in frozen–raw and cooked ω‐3 enriched dark chicken meat was evaluated. Feed was supplemented with 2 levels of vitamin E (250 and 50 IU/kg of feed) and selenium (0.1 mg of sodium selenite/kg of feed and 0.3 mg of SeMet/kg of feed). An extruded linseed product was used as the α‐linolenic acid source. Fatty acid (FA) profile, oxysterols, and thiobarbituric reactive acid substances (TBARs) were analyzed in frozen–raw, boiled, pan‐fried, and roasted meat. After 6 mo of storage, oxysterols in frozen–raw meat remained stable with either high or low levels of dietary antioxidants. During cooking, high levels of vitamin E reduced oxysterol formation, whereas high levels of SeMet were inconsistent and even increased oxysterols during roasting. TBARs in frozen–raw meat stored for 6 mo were inhibited by high levels of either antioxidant. Conversely, no protective effect during cooking was observed at this time of storage. After 12 mo at −30 °C no antioxidant protection was observed.
Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanin in Blueberry Juice during Thermal Treatment
Authors: Kechinski Carolina Pereira , Guimarães Pâmela Virgínia Ramos , Noreña Caciano Pelayo Zapata , Tessaro Isabel Cristina , Marczak Lígia Damasceno Ferreira
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  The kinetics of anthocyanin degradation in blueberry juice during thermal treatment at 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C were investigated in the present study. Anthocyanin degradation was analyzed up to the level of 50% retention using a pH differential method. The degradation of anthocyanin at each temperature level followed a first‐order kinetic model, and the values of half‐life time (t1/2) at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C were found to be 180.5, 42.3, 25.3, 8.6, and 5.1 h, respectively. The activation energy value of the degradation of the 8.9 ° Brix blueberry juice during heating was 80.4 kJ·mol−1. The thermodynamic functions of activation (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) have been determined as central to understanding blueberry degradation.
FROZEN HARMONIES: PETRIFIED PLACES IN THE ANALYTIC FIELD
Authors: Morgan Helen
Published: January 2010

abstract

In this paper I suggest that here‐and‐now transference interpretations can be defensive when they keep the focus on the intrapsychic world of the analysand and neglect the unconscious of the analyst and the unconscious‐to‐unconscious interaction between patient and analyst. Whilst the concept of the analytic field in psychoanalytic literature provides us with a way back to Freud's original consideration of the intersubjective alongside the intrapsychic, this inclusivity has been sustained within the Developmental School of Jungian Analytic thought. To illustrate this I present an adaptation of Jung's model of the transference. Once we engage in analytic work with an individual we are inevitably drawn into a ‘dance’ together with its own particular rhythms and harmonies. Each analytic couple creates an analytic field from their idiosyncratic energy flow. Within this field, interruptions to the ‘dance’ occur; mis‐steps and disharmonies involve an unconscious refusal within the analyst as well as the patient. Both the dance and the refusal are crucial for the work, and I suggest that our attention needs to be directed here, to the blocks or ‘petrified places’. To illustrate how I believe they can be made use of, I provide material from three case examples.
RHYTHM, BLUES, AFFIRMATION AND ENACTMENT: IT'S TOUGH SOLOING WITHOUT A RHYTHM SECTION
Authors: Horne Ann
Published: January 2010

abstract

This paper reflects on the history of an 11 year‐old boy and the themes that were to be reprised in his own strategies for dealing with his objects. The use of the body in abuse and as a way of avoiding the risk of thought was principal in this, as was the avoidance of shame and humiliation. His defences rather easily became those of the network until thought was regained and a safe, resilient environment that would enable therapy to continue was finally sought.
Krogh cylinders in retinal development, panretinal hypoperfusion and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: McLeod David
Published: January 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 817–835

The volume of cells that a length of capillary supplies with O2 is called a Krogh cylinder. This geometric ‘tissue unit’ was named after the Danish zoophysiologist and Nobel laureate August Krogh who made important discoveries in the fields of external and internal respiration in the first half of the last century. Krogh’s ideas concerning tissue O2 distribution can be extrapolated to retinal oxygenation by larger vessels (including arterioles, arteries and even veins) and by vessel groups within higher‐order ‘microvascular units’ (including the choroid). During retinal development, for example, the difference in pO2 levels within arteries and capillaries determines Krogh cylinders of different radius and establishes the periarterial capillary‐free zone of His. The O2 supply to the venous end of a tissue unit may be compromised during periods of reduced perfusion, increased O2 consumption or hypoxaemia, resulting in an ‘anoxic corner’ of the Krogh cylinder. A funnel of hypometabolic (and therefore hypoxia‐tolerant) cells will likely intervene between the necrotic cells and unaffected cells located closer to the O2 source. Macular perivenular whitening heralds anoxic corners and/or hypoxic funnels owing to hypoperfusion within second‐order microvascular units. In eyes with extensive retinal capillary closure from diabetes, Krogh cylinders surround the medium‐sized arteries and veins that form arteriovenous shunts while traversing the midperipheral retina. These isolated tissue units incorporate an outer sheath of hypoxic cells within which vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated. This ‘angiogenic sheath’ expands following retinal detachment; it corresponds to the hypoxia‐tolerant funnel within capillary‐based tissue units and to the cerebral penumbra after stroke.
Nutritional Interventions for Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder
Authors: Palinkas Lawrence A.
Published: January 2010

There is a need for further investigation of the effects of carbohydrate consumption as an alternative treatment for seasonal affective disorder
Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Adults with Subthreshold and/or Late Onset Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder‐Not Otherwise Specified (ADHD‐NOS): A Prospective Open‐Label 6‐Week Study
Authors: Surman Craig , Hammerness Paul , Petty Carter , Doyle Robert , Chu Nicole , Gebhard Nitzah , Williams Courtney , Biederman Joseph
Published: January 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) in the treatment of adults with atypical manifestations of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (not otherwise specified [NOS]). We hypothesized that treatment with ATX will be safe and efficacious for the treatment of adults with ADHD‐NOS. This was a 6‐week, open‐label, prospective treatment study of ATX monotherapy in 45 adult patients with ADHD‐NOS assessed using standardized instruments for diagnosis and a robust oral daily dose of up to 1.2 mg/kg/day or 120 mg/day. Symptom severity was assessed with the adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Report Scale (AISRS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale. Treatment with ATX at an average daily dose of 78.7 ± 27.8 mg was associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in ADHD symptoms relative to baseline as assessed through the (AISRS) (−12.1 ± 8.4; P < 0.001). Using a categorical definition of response (CGI‐I much or very much improved), a majority (N = 29; 64%) of subjects were rated as improved at study endpoint. Treatment with ATX was relatively well tolerated. These open‐label results suggest that ATX may be safe and effective in the treatment of adults meeting criteria for ADHD‐NOS and support the need for further controlled clinical trials of ATX in this population.
Comparison of bovine hematology reference intervals from 1957 to 2006
Authors: George Jeanne W. , Snipes Joy , Lane V. Michael
Published: January 2010

Background:The most commonly used bovine hematology reference intervals were published in 1965. We found the results from healthy cattle in 2001 differed from those in many ways. Discovery of the original laboratory book used to calculate the 1965 values gave us the opportunity to evaluate whether hematology values of healthy cattle have changed over time.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to establish hematology reference intervals for Holstein cows, compare selected hematologic results with similar population data from 1957, and compare these reference intervals with those of other North American veterinary schools and published values.

Methods:Reference intervals were developed in 2001 using clinically healthy, bovine leukemia virus‐negative, mid‐lactation Holstein cows. Selected parts of the hemograms and neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio were compared with those from healthy, age‐matched Holstein cows evaluated in 1957. Bovine reference intervals were solicited from clinical pathology laboratories in North American veterinary colleges and analyzed for population characteristics and method of analysis.

Results:Between 1957 and 2001, mean neutrophil counts increased significantly, whereas lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly. Mean N:L ratio increased significantly to 1.17. Most surveyed laboratories were using the 1965 reference intervals. Two other institutions that had developed reference intervals after 2000 had results similar to ours.

Conclusions:Continued use of older bovine hematology reference intervals could lead to misinterpretation of within‐reference neutrophil counts as neutrophilia and under‐recognition of neutropenia, eosinophilia, monocytosis, or lymphocytosis. Use of N:L>1 as evidence of inflammation should be discontinued or used with great caution.
Neoplastic pleocytosis in a dog with metastatic mammary carcinoma and meningeal carcinomatosis
Authors: Behling‐Kelly Erica , Petersen Sophie , Muthuswamy Anantharaman , Webb Julie L. , Young Karen M.
Published: January 2010

Abstract: A 12‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was presented with a history of seizures and abnormal vocalization. Approximately 1 year before presentation, multiple mammary cysts had been surgically excised. A mammary mass was noted on physical examination, and 2 separate parenchymal brain lesions were found on imaging studies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cisterna magna was analyzed, and abnormalities included moderate pleocytosis with atypical discrete round cells that occasionally formed loose clusters. The dog was euthanized, and on necropsy a primary solid mammary carcinoma was identified as well as multiple metastatic foci in the brain with diffuse meningeal involvement. The cells in the CSF had a morphologic appearance similar to the cells in the primary mammary tumor and in the metastatic tumors in the brain. On immunostaining, cells from the primary mammary tumor, the brain tumors, and the CSF expressed cytokeratin. The CSF cells did not express CD18, CD3, or CD79a. A final diagnosis of mammary carcinoma with brain metastasis and meningeal carcinomatosis was made.
Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan
Authors: Shipper Apichai W.
Published: January 2010

The North Korean association in Japan, Chongryun, which lacks independence from the North Korean regime, has preoccupied itself with political activities in its “home” country. It has created and intensified long‐distance nationalism among its members. Conservative Japanese government officials view North Korean long‐distance nationalists as a threat to Japan's national security and regional peace on the Korean peninsula. Meanwhile, certain Japanese have reacted with acts of violence and intimidation against them. For these Japanese reactive nationalists, the perceived enemy or threat from North Korea is located inside Japan itself, in the form of Chongryun. These North Korean long‐distance nationalists and Japanese reactive nationalists are creating an uncomfortable environment for North Koreans in Japan, who increasingly embrace an ideology of diasporic nationalism, or an independent existence from both their homeland and host society.
The 2008–2009 Global Financial Fallout: Shanghai and Dubai as Emerging Financial Powerhouses?
Authors: Cheung Gordon C. K.
Published: January 2010

The global financial crisis of 2008–2009 tested the U.S. financial leadership, while at the same time it sent a beam of hope to many emerging countries in finding ways to shoulder the global financial leadership. The major idea behind this article is to demonstrate and critically assess the possibility of emerging economies reshaping the future financial system. I use Shanghai and Dubai to discern the meaning of a government‐supported international financial center project. This article first assesses the challenge of the current financial turmoil in relation to financial globalization. Second, I illustrate the efforts of Shanghai and Dubai—both before and after the financial crisis—in the establishment of an international financial center with a view of the challenges facing the current financial system. Finally, I endeavor to draw some parallels/differences of the responses or measures taken by the countries that were affected by the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 to examine the possibility and shortcomings of government‐backed financial policy in connection with the global financial architecture.
Graphoepitaxy of block copolymers using selectively removable templates
Authors: Ilievski F. , Ross C. A.
Published: January 2010

In this article the authors present a graphoepitaxy process of ordering block copolymer domains using removable templates, and analyze the spatial correlation between the template and the microdomain locations. Removable polymeric templates can guide the self-assembly of block copolymers in the same manner as the widely used inorganic templates, such as silica, but the ability to remove them provides new options for the fabrication process and for the final pattern that is formed after etch or lift-off processing. The use of removable templates was demonstrated by fabricating well-ordered freestanding arrays of silica and tungsten posts by transferring only the template block copolymer pattern into underlying films. Errors in the domain placement had a standard deviation between 1.9 and 2.3 nm from an ideal 28.6 nm peiod pattern.
Metastable structure and magnetism of Cr-doped AlN in AlN/TiN multilayers
Authors: Zeng F. , Fan B. , Yang Y. C. , Yang P. Y. , Luo J. T. , Chen C. , Pan F. , Yan W. S.
Published: January 2010

[Cr:AlN/TiN] multilayers are prepared with various wavelengths and thicknesses of the single layers. Microstructure studies indicate that the structure of Cr:AlN is a rocksalt structure for the sample of [Cr:AlN(1.8 nm)/TiN(6.4 nm)]100. This sample is ferromagnetic in room temperature with a saturated magnetization of 2.88 emu/cm3 and remanence of 25%. These values are higher than other [Cr:AlN/TiN] multilayers with large modulation wavelengths in which the Cr:AlN is a wurzite structure. The possible origin of magnetic variation is discussed for the authors’ samples.
Optimization of layer structure supporting long range surface plasmons for surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy biosensors
Authors: Huang Chun Jen , Dostalek Jakub , Knoll Wolfgang
Published: January 2010

Long range surface plasmons (LRSPs) are optical waves that propagate along thin metallic films with up to orders of magnitude lower damping compared to regular surface plasmons. Therefore, LRSPs attracted a great deal of attention for development of ultrasensitive biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS). In this article, the authors investigate the excitation of LRSPs on a biosensor-compatible layer structure consisting of a Cytop fluoropolymer, thin gold film modified by thiol self-assembled monolayer for coupling of receptor biomolecules, and an aqueous sample on its top. The morphology, and optical and electrical properties of the layer structure are determined and related to the performance of a SPFS biosensor. Through increasing the surface energy of Cytop fluoropolymer by O2 plasma, more compact gold films that exhibit lower roughness were prepared which resulted in a higher binding capacity, decreased nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules to the biosensor surface, and in a larger enhancement of electromagnetic field intensity accompanied with the excitation of LRSPs. The authors show that by improving the quality of a gold film supporting LRSPs, the fluorescence signal can be enhanced up to sixfold with respect to regular SPFS biosensors.
Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT
Authors: Abdo A. A. , Ackermann M. , Ajello M. , Baldini L. , Ballet J. , Barbiellini G. , Baring M. G. , Bastieri D. , Baughman B. M. , Bechtol K. , Bellazzini R. , Berenji B. , Blandford R. D. , Bloom E. D. , Bonamente E. , Borgland A. W. , Bregeon J. , Brez A. , Brigida M. , Bruel P. , Burnett T. H. , Buson S. , Caliandro G. A. , Cameron R. A. , Caraveo P. A. , Casandjian J. M. , Cecchi C. , Çelik Ö. , Chekhtman A. , Cheung C. C. , Chiang J. , Ciprini S. , Claus R. , Cognard I. , Cohen-Tanugi J. , Cominsky L. R. , Conrad J. , Cutini S. , Dermer C. D. , de Angelis A. , de Palma F. , Digel S. W. , do Couto e Silva E. , Drell P. S. , Dubois R. , Dumora D. , Espinoza C. , Farnier C. , Favuzzi C. , Fegan S. J. , Focke W. B. , Fortin P. , Frailis M. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Gehrels N. , Germani S. , Giavitto G. , Giebels B. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Glanzman T. , Godfrey G. , Grenier I. A. , Grondin M.-H. , Grove J. E. , Guillemot L. , Guiriec S. , Hanabata Y. , Harding A. K. , Hayashida M. , Hays E. , Hughes R. E. , Jackson M. S. , Jóhannesson G. , Johnson A. S. , Johnson T. J. , Johnson W. N. , Kamae T. , Katagiri H. , Kataoka J. , Katsuta J. , Kawai N. , Kerr M. , Knödlseder J. , Kocian M. L. , Kramer M. , Kuss M. , Lande J. , Latronico L. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lott B. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Lyne A. G. , Madejski G. M. , Makeev A. , Mazziotta M. N. , McEnery J. E. , Meurer C. , Michelson P. F. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Monte C. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Murgia S. , Nakamori T. , Nolan P. L. , Norris J. P. , Noutsos A. , Nuss E. , Ohsugi T. , Omodei N. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paneque D. , Parent D. , Pelassa V. , Pepe M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Piron F. , Porter T. A. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Razzano M. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Reposeur T. , Rochester L. S. , Rodriguez A. Y. , Romani R. W. , Roth M. , Ryde F. , Sadrozinski H. F.-W. , Sanchez D. , Sander A. , Parkinson P. M. Saz , Scargle J. D. , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Smith D. A. , Smith P. D. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Stappers B. W. , Stecker F. W. , Strickman M. S. , Suson D. J. , Tajima H. , Takahashi H. , Takahashi T. , Tanaka T. , Thayer J. B. , Thayer J. G. , Theureau G. , Thompson D. J. , Tibaldo L. , Tibolla O. , Torres D. F. , Tosti G. , Tramacere A. , Uchiyama Y. , Usher T. L. , Vasileiou V. , Venter C. , Vilchez N. , Vitale V. , Waite A. P. , Wang P. , Winer B. L. , Wood K. S. , Yamazaki R. , Ylinen T. , Ziegler M.
Published: January 2010

Supernova Remnant Observations

The sources of the cosmic rays that bombard Earth have been mysterious, but more recent explanations invoke high-energy acceleration of protons by the remnants of stellar explosions. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope,

Abdo
et al.

(p.
1103
, published online 5 January) obtained an image of the supernova remnant W44, which shows associated gamma-ray emissions in the order of gigaelectronvolts, conforming with models indicating local proton and nuclei acceleration.
A Composite of Multiple Signals Distinguishes Causal Variants in Regions of Positive Selection
Authors: Grossman Sharon R. , Shylakhter Ilya , Karlsson Elinor K. , Byrne Elizabeth H. , Morales Shannon , Frieden Gabriel , Hostetter Elizabeth , Angelino Elaine , Garber Manuel , Zuk Or , Lander Eric S. , Schaffner Stephen F. , Sabeti Pardis C.
Published: January 2010

Pinpointing Genetic Selection

The human genome contains hundreds of regions with evidence of recent positive natural selection, yet, for all but a handful of cases, the underlying advantageous mutation remains unknown. Current methods to detect the signal of selection often results in the identification of a broad genomic region containing many candidate regions that vary among individuals. By combining existing statistical methods,

Grossman
et al.

(p.
883
, published online 7 January) developed a method, termed Composite of Multiple Signals, which can increase the ability to pinpoint the specific variant under selection. Several candidate regions under selection in human populations were identified.
Using Genetic Diagnosis to Determine Individual Therapeutic Utility
Authors: Caskey C. Thomas
Published: January 2010

Humans have considerable genetic variation, as shown by their DNA sequence differences. Drug responsiveness and toxicity are affected by this variability. Genetic variation affects prodrug activation, drug targets, downstream activation pathways, drug elimination, and toxicity activation. Molecular diagnostic methods have discovered the genetic basis of several of these “outlier” drug responses. By predicting a patient's response, such diagnostics can improve both the safety and efficacy of drugs. The article illustrates the matching of molecular diagnosis to drug therapy for improved patient outcomes.
Emotion Recollected in Tranquility: Lessons Learned from the COX-2 Saga
Authors: Grosser Tilo , Yu Ying , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: January 2010

Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Evidence from human pharmacology and genetics, genetically manipulated rodents, and other animal models and randomized trials indicates that this is consequent to suppression of COX-2-dependent cardioprotective prostagladins, particularly prostacyclin. Lessons drawn from how this saga unfolded are relevant to how we approach drug surveillance and regulation, integrate diversifed forms of information and might pursue a more personalized approach to drug efficacy and risk.