bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costo-efectividad de toracotomía versus videotoracoscopia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña en estadio I
Authors: Guevara César Augusto , Parody Elizabeth , Aguirre Andrés Felipe
Published: April 2023

Introducción. Los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña en estadio I, pueden someterse a videotoracoscopia o toracotomía. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la razón costo-efectividad de estas dos alternativas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de costoefectividad mediante un modelo de árbol de decisiones extendido con un proceso de Markov desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano financiado públicamente, para comparar la videotoracoscopia con la toracotomía. Los resultados se midieron en años de vida ganados, obtenidos de revisiones sistemáticas de curvas de supervivencia. Se incluyeron costos médicos directos, obtenidos solamente de prestadores y aseguradores de tres ciudades principales de Colombia. El periodo de estudio fue de 10 años, con tasas de descuento de 3,5 % y 6 %. El modelo se evaluó usando la simulación de Montecarlo con 10.000 iteraciones. Resultados. Los costos totales medios esperados de la toracotomía y de la videotoracoscopia fueron de COP$ 22’831.299 (ICr95%: 22’773.228-22’889.370) y $ 16’955.369 (ICr95%: 16’920.215-16’990.523), respectivamente. Los años de vida ganados para toracotomía fueron 7,85 (ICr95%: 7,84-7,86) y para videotoracoscopia fueron 9,24 (ICr95%: 9,23-9,25). La toracotomía fue superada por la videotoracoscopia para disposiciones a pagar entre COP$ 15’000.000 y $ 45’000.000. Discusión. La videotoracoscopia superó a la toracotomía en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña en estadio I, para diferentes disponibilidades por pagar en el sistema de salud colombiano
Colecistitis enfisematosa, revisión bibliográfica y presentación de tres casos
Authors: Escobar Fernando , Vega Neil Valentín , Valbuena Eduart Iván
Published: April 2023

La colecistitis enfisematosa es una rara forma de presentación de la colecistitis aguda, caracterizada por la presencia de gas en la pared, en la luz o ambas, la cual puede evolucionar a colecistitis gangrenosa y posteriormente a peritonitis. Se asocia con una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se presentan tres casos clínicos de hombres adultos mayores, que presentaron dolor abdominal con síntomas gastrointestinales y signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Se les practicó tomografía computadorizada de abdomen, que evidenció hallazgos característicos de colecistitis enfisematosa. Los tres pacientes se sometieron a colecistectomía de urgencia, con una adecuada evolución posoperatoria y sin complicaciones mayores ni mortalidad.
Divertículo de Meckel en el adulto mayor: una causa de sangrado digestivo revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso
Authors: Puentes José Antonio , Salcedo Juan David , Luna David Ricardo
Published: April 2023

El divertículo de Meckel es la anormalidad congénita más frecuente del tubo digestivo, que afecta, aproximadamente, al 2 % de la población. Se produce por una alteración en el cierre del conducto onfalomesentérico, por lo general, en la quinta semana de vida intrauterina. Aunque usualmente es asintomático, puede manifestarse por una de las siguientes complicaciones: sangrado gastrointestinal, obstrucción intestinal, inflamación y perforación, enfermedad tumoral y encarcelación en una hernia inguinal (hernia de Littre). Tiene incidencia de complicaciones a largo plazo, de 4,2 %, la cual disminuye con la edad. El tratamiento del divertículo de Meckel sintomático siempre es quirúrgico y existe controversia respecto a su resección cuando es un hallazgo incidental. El divertículo de Meckel es una causa infrecuente de sangrado gastrointestinal con hematoquecia, usualmente en la población pediátrica. En los adultos, la complicación más frecuente es la obstrucción intestinal causada por intususcepción, vólvulos o estenosis. Se presenta el caso de una paciente adulta mayor con sangrado gastrointestinal, como complicación de un divertículo de Meckel. Historia La primera descripción de un divertículo de Meckel se atribuye a Fabricio Hildanus en 1598 1 . En 1742, Littre reportó un caso de divertículo estrangulado dentro de una hernia inguinal 2 . Sin embargo, no fue sino hasta 1809 que el anatomista alemán Johann Friedrich Meckel “el Joven”, postuló la teoría de origen embriológico de esta enfermedad 3 . Kuttner, en 1898, reportó una intususcepción intestinal como consecuencia de la invaginación de un divertículo de Meckel 4 .
La recuperación posoperatoria acelerada (fast track) disminuye la estancia hospitalaria en cirugía gastrointestinal alta: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Jiménez William Andrés , Domínguez Luis Carlos
Published: April 2023

Introducción. Los protocolos de la cirugía con recuperación acelerada (fast-track surgery) han demostrado disminución de la estancia hospitalaria y los costos médicos en cirugía colorrectal. La evidencia sobre su aplicación en cirugía general es escasa si se compara con otras especialidades quirúrgicas. En este estudio se revisa la evidencia científica sobre la estrategia fast-track en cirugía gastrointestinal alta. Métodos. Se revisaron PubMed y Medline con el término “fast track surgery” y “ERAS surgery”. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos controlados de asignación aleatoria que contaran con un grupo de control de pacientes con cuidado convencional. Se excluyeron trabajos no relacionados con cirugía gastrointestinal alta. Se analizaron las diferencias de medias sopesadas, tomando como puntos finales la estancia hospitalaria, la morbilidad, la mortalidad y la rehospitalización. Resultados. Cinco estudios clínicos de asignación aleatoria cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Cuatro estudios de gastrectomías y uno de perforación de úlcera duodenal. De un total de 385 pacientes, se compararon 197 (51 %) en el grupo con cuidado convencional y 188 (49 %) en grupo con fast-track. Al comparar el cuidado convencional con el fast-track, la estancia hospitalaria fue de 7,5 Vs. 5,7 días, (p=0,019), y la morbilidad, de 22 % Vs. 14 % (p=0,017), respectivamente. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad (p=0.347) ni en las rehospitalizaciones (p=0.954) entre los dos grupos. Conclusión. La estrategia fast-track disminuye la estancia hospitalaria, y puede implementarse en forma segura en pacientes que requieren cirugía gastrointestinal alta, sin incrementar la morbilidad, la mortalidad ni las rehospitalizaciones.
Uso de sutura mecánica en la ligadura de la base apendicular, un mecanismo sencillo y equivalente a Hem-o-lok® y endosutura
Authors: Rashid Helmuth R. , Páez Johana , Forero Sara C. , Rodríguez Diana C. , Garcia María L. , Arévalo Cáterin , Martín Pedro A. , Luna Rubén D. , Borráez Bernardo A.
Published: April 2023

ntroducción. La apendicectomía por laparoscopia es uno de los procedimientos más frecuentemente practicados por el cirujano general. Aunque es un procedimiento estandarizado, suelen ser necesarias pequeñas variaciones en la técnica y el uso de herramientas como la sutura mecánica. Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: a) comparar la tasa de complicaciones entre los pacientes en quienes se utilizó Hem-o-lok® y endosutura Vs. sutura mecánica, durante este procedimiento, b) comparar la estancia hospitalaria y la tasa de nuevas hospitalizaciones entre los dos grupos, y c) determinar las indicaciones del cirujano sobre el uso de la sutura mecánica para la ligadura de la base apendicular durante una apendicectomía por laparoscopia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos. Se compararon las tasas de complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias de 222 pacientes con ligadura de la base apendicular, con Hem-o-lok® y endosutura (grupo A) Vs. 35 con sutura mecánica (grupo B), así como la estancia hospitalaria de pacientes en quienes se practicó la apendicectomía por laparoscopia por el Departamento de Cirugía General de la Fundación Clínica Shaio. Además, se determinó cuál fue la indicación por parte del cirujano sobre el uso de la sutura mecánica en estos pacientes. Resultados. De 257 pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía por laparoscopia, en 222 la ligadura de la base apendicular se hizo con Hem-o-lok® y endosutura (grupo A) y, en 35 pacientes, con sutura mecánica (grupo B). Cinco pacientes presentaron complicaciones infecciosas asociadas al procedimiento, todos correspondientes al grupo A. La estancia hospitalaria fue similar en ambos grupos (grupo A: 2,3 ± 2 días; grupo B: 2,6 ± 2 días). No se presentaron nuevas hospitalizaciones. Las indicaciones para el uso de sutura mecánica según el cirujano que practicó el procedimiento, fueron el edema o la perforación en la base apendicular y el ciego.

Conclusiones. Las indicaciones para la sutura mecánica en la ligadura de la base apendicular en nuestros pacientes, fueron el edema y la perforación de la base apendicular y el ciego. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la tasa de complicaciones en quienes se utilizó Hem-o-lok® y endosutura es mayor que en aquellos con sutura mecánica, pero sin una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La estancia hospitalaria y la tasa de reingreso entre ambos grupos, fueron similares. El uso de la sutura mecánica se considera una variación en el procedimiento, seguro, sencillo y equivalente al de Hem-o-lok® y endosutura
Cirugía laparoscópica en un paciente con mielolipoma suprarrenal derecho
Authors: Castro Daniel , Abaúnza María Claudia , Vargas Elga Johanna , Márquez Juan Manuel , Guevara AleJandro
Published: April 2023

Los mielolipomas suprarrenales son tumores benignos inusuales de crecimiento lento, compuestos por tejido adiposo maduro y células hematopoyéticas. Se presentan en adultos entre la quinta y la sexta década de la vida y usualmente miden entre 3 y 7 cm. El 70 % de los casos son asintomáticos y hacen parte de los denominados ‘incidentalomas’ de la glándula suprarrenal. El tratamiento puede ser conservador o quirúrgico, dependiendo de los síntomas, el tamaño de la masa y el crecimiento tumoral en estudios consecutivos de imágenes diagnósticas. La suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento seguro, que tiene una recuperación rápida, no requiere instrumentos, dispositivos o fuentes de energía costosos, y estéticamente es superior a la técnica abierta. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 63 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 e hiperlipidemia, quien presentó como hallazgo incidental en imágenes diagnósticas una masa suprarrenal derecha. El examen físico y los estudios paraclínicos descartaron que el tumor fuera funcional. Se practicó suprarrenalectomía derecha laparoscópica sin complicaciones y se diagnosticó un mielolipoma por histopatología.
Síndrome incompleto de Carney
Authors: Velásquez Gomez Lina Maria , Barth Frederico , Grün Gustavo , Cassagrande Madalosso Diego , Perin Fabiola , Marcantonio Camargo Spencer , Felicetti Jose Carlos , Peixoto Camargo Jose de Jesus
Published: April 2023

El síndrome de Carney es una enfermedad rara, con diferentes formas de presentación, que afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y es asintomática en la mayoría de los casos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores, generalmente benignos, principalmente en el pulmón, la glándula suprarrenal y el estómago; sin embargo, se pueden afectar otros órganos como el esófago. Su tratamiento es principalmente quirúrgico.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con síndrome incompleto de Carney, manejada quirúrgicamente, con excelente resultado posoperatorio. Se hace una revisión de la literatura científica actual.
Doctor, ¿de qué síndrome sufro? Barreras culturales para hacer investigación clínica en Colombia
Authors: Sanabria Álvaro
Published: April 2023

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Carcinoma papilar primario derivado de tejido tiroideo ectópico en tráquea
Authors: Herrera Francisco , Herrera Sandra , Redondo Katherine , Osorio Carlos , Fernández Alberto , Grice Juan
Published: April 2023

El carcinoma tiroideo originado en tejido tiroideoectópico es una entidad clínica poco común; son lesionesque se presentan generalmente como una masa en lalínea media, que se desarrolla a partir de un remanentedel conducto tirogloso. El hallazgo de una lesiónmaligna en un verdadero tejido tiroideo aberrante esinusual. Ante su poca frecuencia, se presenta el casode una paciente en quien se diagnosticó un carcinomapapilar primario derivado de tejido tiroideo ectópicoen tráquea.
Sex Differences in Two International Guidelines for Assessing Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Symptomatic Outpatients by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Tan Yahang , Wang Zhe , Xin Qian , Li Na , Liu Fang , Xu Qiaoyu , Chen Mulei
Published: April 2023

Background: Low-risk individuals are unlikely to benefit from noninvasive testing, and women tend to have a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared the performance of two current guidelines that differ by sex to assess s a'q's't chest pain outpatients, including symptom-based (2016 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE) and risk-based strategies (2019 European Society of Cardiology, ESC). Methods: A total of 542 outpatients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at a single-centre were retrospectively included in this study. A risk assessment was calculated for each outpatient according to the two guidelines. Patients were classified into low and high-risk groups according to each strategy. The presence of coronary artery disease was the endpoint. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was used to assess the performance of the two strategies. Results: The prevalence of CAD was 27%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for ESC and NICE were 90.4%, 54.3%, 42.2%, 93.9% and 78.8%, 35.6%, 31.1% and 82.0% respectively. Compare to NICE, the NRI for ESC were 30.32%. The ESC guidelines classified 55.56% of women and 28.14% of men into the low-risk group. The ESC guidelines had a higher predictive value for coronary artery disease compared to the NICE guidelines, with a positive NRI in men (15.55%) and women (34.46%) respectively. Conclusions: The ESC guidelines offered a more accurate calculation of risk assessment than the NICE guidelines. Patient sex influenced applying the recent ESC guidelines, which would result in a significant decrease in inappropriate testing of women but an increase in appropriate noninvasive testing of men.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Di Bidang Pelayanan Dan Pelayanan Pegawai Terhadap Kepuasan Wajib Pajak Di Masa Post-Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Penanaman Modal Asing Enam
Authors: bernando franky okto
Published: April 2023

Tax revenues provide a fairly large role in state revenues. People who pays tax or depositors in Indonesia are called taxpayers. One of the factors that encourage awareness of paying taxes by taxpayers is influenced by taxpayer satisfaction with the services provided. Since the pandemic to the post-pandemic period of Covid-19, Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) has brought considerable changes to the provided services. This is due to the policies that emerged as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The main change that has occurred in the service sector is the application of social contact restrictions. The existence of this policy requires DJP to make innovations in the service sector to continue to provide excellent service amidst the existing limitations. In addition, DJP always provides training to all of its employees so that the services provided can be optimal. All of these efforts were made with the aim of maintaining taxpayer satisfaction during the post-Covid-19 pandemic. At Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Penanaman Modal Asing Enam, satisfaction survey is always held for all taxpayers who receive services, both in-person services as well as online services. This satisfaction survey was conducted with the aim of knowing the level of satisfaction of taxpayers and also as a tool to evaluate the services provided. The results of the existing satisfaction survey will be published in several existing media, such as office social media and office bulletin boards. DJP also provides a complaint platform to facilitate taxpayers who are dissatisfied with the services provided. Taxpayer complaints can be made through several DJP official complaint channels
Now You See Me: Robust approach to Partial Occlusions
Authors: Gunasekaran Karthick Prasad
Published: April 2023

Object occlusion is one of the most indispensable and challenging problems in computer vision. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be effective for regular image classification, they struggle with images that have partial occlusions. Partial occlusion is a scenario where an object is partially occluded by another object or space. This problem, when solved, holds tremendous potential to facilitate various scenarios. We, in particular, are interested in the autonomous driving scenario and its implications. Autonomous vehicle research is one of the hot topics of this decade. There are ample situations of partial occlusions of a driving sign, a person, or other objects at different angles. The importance of this problem extends beyond autonomous driving and could be exploited for video analytics in traffic data to handle crimes, anticipate income levels of various groups, and more. In this paper, we introduce our own synthetically created dataset by utilizing the Stanford Car Dataset and adding occlusions of various sizes and natures to it. then conduct a comprehensive analysis using various state-of-the-art models and study the effect of varying occlusion proportions and nature on the models' performance. This research provides insights into which models are more robust to partial occlusions and how they perform when trained with occluded and unoccluded images, which can aid in developing more reliable autonomous driving systems and other computer vision applications.
INFLASI DAN PENGANGGURAN DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: April 2023

Pengangguran dapat didefinisikan dengan orang yang sedang merasa tidak mungkin untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan sehingga dia tidak mau mencari kerja atau bisa juga diartikan dengan penduduk yang tidak mencari pekerjaan karena sudah diterima untuk bekerja atau sudah punya pekerjaan, tetapi belum memulai pekerjaannya. Inflasi adalah kenaikan harga secara umum dan berjalan dalam jangka waktu lama artinya kalau kenaikan harga hanya pada jenis komoditas tertentu saja dan berjalan dalam waktu yang singkat maka tidak dikatakan sebagai inflasi.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company
Authors: bernando franky okto
Published: April 2023

One of the most important variables for a company's success and performance improvement is its workforce. To work effectively, employees must improve their performance. High performing employees can help a company achieve its goals. Setting performance goals is setting goals that are not only useful as a guide in achieving goals, but it can also be a method of monitoring post-employment situations while the time is in progress and gauging performance at the end of the period. Organizational culture and work discipline are two factors that may have an impact on employee performance. This study aims to examine how organizational culture and work standards affect employee performance at PT. Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company. Multiple linear analysis is the technique employed. Surveys were the primary source of data for this study. The study's 52 participants were PT. Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company employees. The study's findings showed the following: (1) The relationship between company culture and worker performance is favorable and significant. (2) Workplace discipline and employee performance are positively and significantly correlated. (3) Workplace discipline and organizational culture have a favorable and considerable impact on employee performance.
Analisis Pelayanan Perizinan Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna Layanan Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: bernando franky okto
Published: April 2023

The writing of this research project is to assess the level of satisfaction of Licensing service users at the Klaten District Health Office. The crucial thing is that raising the quality of public service cannot be done more effectively because doing so would increase inward investment. Public Service is a strategy that is used to address the needs of the general public, the general public, and the supreme law of the land. Mixed Methodology, an analytical approach that combines quantitative and qualitative record examination, is the methodology used in this research work. The study indicators outlined in the Community Satisfaction Survey Guidelines for the implementation of public services were used by researchers in the analysis conducted a result of the Klaten Health Office. According to the questionnaire, 100 users of the licensing service from the Klaten District Health Office experienced IKM scores of approximately 90% that were converted into service quality ratings of "very good" or "A," based on the questionnaire's results and respondents' responses. This result represents an improvement of about 40% from the previous year. Then, the subject uses a Cartesian analysis diagram or an Importance Performance Analysis to illustrate the relationship between the service level agreement and the contract. They found that quadrant A elements which are the Top Priorities to optimize include service procedures and service time, and quadrant A elements which are elements that must be maintained, include service requirements, costs/tariffs, product specifications, executor competency, implementer behavior, service announcements, complaints handling suggestions, and service input. In relation to the research findings that have been carried out, the researcher offers suggestions for improving the service process in terms of service procedures and time so that service process reform at the Klaten District Health Office receives special attention.
Hebbian learning can explain rhythmic neural entrainment to statistical regularities
Authors: Endress Ansgar D
Published: April 2023

In many domains, learners extract recurring units from continuous sequences. For example, fluent speech is perceived as a continuous signal (at least in unknown languages). Learners need to extract the underlying words from this continuous signal and then memorize them. One prominent candidate mechanism is statistical learning, whereby learners track how predictive syl- lables (or other items) are of one another. Syllables within the same word are more predictive of one another than syllables straddling word boundaries. However, it is controversial whether such statistical learning abilities lead to memories of the underlying words or just to pairwise associations among syllables. The strongest evidence for the former possibility comes from evoked electrophysiological responses time-locked to word boundaries (e.g., N400’s) and rhythmic neural activity with a periodicity of word durations. Here, I reproduce such results with a simple Hebbian network. When exposed to statistically structured syllable sequences (and when the underlying words are not excessively long), the network activation is rhythmic with a periodicity corresponding to a word duration and an activation maximum on word-final syllables. This is because word-final syllables receive more excitatory input from earlier syllables with which they are associated than syllables that occur earlier in words (and are less predictable). The network also reproduces results that were interpreted as encoding ordinal positions within words. Hebbian learning can thus explain rhythmic neural activity in statistical learning tasks without any memory representations of words. Learners might thus need to rely on cues beyond statistical associations to learn the words of their native language.
The Heart can Lie: The Role of Interoception and Theory of Mind in Deception
Authors: Makowski Dominique , Lau Zen Juen , Pham Tam , Te Anshu , Kirk Stephanie , Liauw Yong Tong Claudia
Published: April 2023

While a large part of the deception literature focuses on lying detection, the factors contributing to one's ability to lie remain unclear. The present study examined the contribution of Theory of Mind (ToM) and interoception on our ability to lie using a directed lie paradigm with two conditions ("Interrogation" and "Polygraph"), designed to enhance each of the two mechanisms. Using a mixed-design Bayesian analysis, we show that various facets of interoceptive abilities are positively related to the self-rated confidence in one's own lies, especially when under the belief that bodily signals are being monitored (i.e., in the "Polygraph" condition). Beyond providing evidence for the role of the body in lying and raising interesting questions for deception science, these results carry practical implications for criminology and lie detection protocols.
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Think/No-Think task, But Forgot to Ask
Authors: Nardo Davide , Anderson Michael
Published: April 2023

The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has just celebrated 20 years since its inception, and its use has been growing as a tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying memory control and its neural underpinnings. Here, we present a theoretical and practical guide for designing, implementing, and running TNT studies. For this purpose, we provide a step-by-step description of the structure of the TNT task, methodological choices that can be made, parameters that can be chosen, instruments available, aspects to be aware of, systematic information about how to run a study and analyse the data. Importantly, we provide a TNT training package (as Supplementary Material), that is, a series of multimedia materials (e.g., tutorial videos, informative HTML pages, Matlab code to run experiments, questionnaires, scoring sheets, etc.) to complement this method paper and facilitate a deeper understanding of the TNT task, its rationale, and how to set it up in practice. Given the recent discussion of the replication crisis in the behavioural sciences, we hope that this contribution will increase standardisation, reliability, and replicability across laboratories.
Determinants of Satisfaction with Work-Life Balance: A Case Study of a Medium-Sized Japanese Company
Authors: Hirao Tomotaka , Igawa Shizue , Okajima Yuko
Published: April 2023

How can human resource management practices support employees’ achieving a balance between work and family life? This study attempts to analyze the determinants of work-life balance satisfaction for employees at a medium-sized company in Japan using longitudinal personnel-micro data and employee satisfaction data. Because different people have different notions of work-life balance, researchers have a duty to investigate the exact determinants of work-life balance satisfaction for all employees in their workplace, after controlling for individual specific effects. Empirical results show that: 1) if bosses attentively observe the behavior of their subordinates and give real-time actionable advice to them, there is a higher probability of employees’ work-life balance satisfaction improving; 2) bosses putting a great deal of thought into their subordinates’ family/personal lives is related to an enhancement of the possibility of employees’ work-life balance satisfaction; 3) the more employees are able to successfully work together as a team in their workplace, the more employees’ work-life balance satisfaction will improve; 4) workplaces where employees are aware of each other’s home-life situations and are understanding of one another have an increase in the probability of better employee work-life balance satisfaction. The results of this study imply that in order to improving work-life balance satisfaction, facilitating conversation and communication at the workplace from the aspects of both work and family/personal lives is required.
Visualizing Police Militarization Using data visualization to showcase problems within the carceral system for better community reallocation initiatives.
Authors: Williams Gianna
Published: April 2023

During the Summer of 2020 news media showcased thenegative effects of policing within the United States.From this, the country has sparked a debate on police excessiveforce and militarization within the United States.This research is on doing a data visualization project thatshowcases the excessive force of police militarizationin the United States. For my project, I visualized datathat is centered around the police departments from 3major cities (New York, Philadelphia, and WashingtonD.C). The main aim of this is to compare and contrastthe resource divide within these cities, where I comparegovernmental funding and policing funding in the hopesto tell a story as to why there is a low allocation of resourcesin those communities. This data visualizationhas an abolitionist framework advocating for a defundingof police, reduced militarization, and reallocationof resources to communities in need. Using data visualizationI compare the staunch governmental divideof funding to the police compared to community-basedfunding like mental health resources, affordable housinginfrastructures, and SNAP program recipients. From thiswork, a database holds information on grassroots organizationsand anti-racist resources in the hopes to addaccessibility to finding these resources as well as alleviatingthe need and support of the police. The technologyused HTML, CSS,Node.js, D3.js, Relational Databases,Heroku, and Github.
Traumatic Aspects of Maoists’ Insurgency in Abhi Subedi’s Dreams of Mayadevi
Authors: Pokharel Badri Prasad
Published: April 2023

This paper explores experience and perception of the traumatized people who have lost their near and dear ones in the Maoists’ insurgency. These people either depicted in the literary works or in newspapers have their testimony to share with others. Dreams of Mayadevi, a play written by Abhi Subedi has been taken as a testimony of the war victims who were badly crippled during the war. Mayadevi, the protagonist of this play who has lost her husband in Indian war and son, Siddhartha in the insurgency, and Salleri Sahinla who has lost all his family members are the victims and liable to share their painful testimony. To analyze this play, trauma theory has been analyzed. Theoretical parameter of some well-known theorists like Caruth, Lacrapa, Kirmayer etc. have been discussed to bring out the traumatic facts of the insurgency with the help of traumatized characters who represent all the victims of the war.
Teachers’ Professional Development at Public Campuses in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Panthee Dinesh
Published: April 2023

Teachers’ professional development activity is an opportunity for teachers to share their knowledge and develop new instructional practices. It keeps academics up-todate with the changing world and knowledge. The objective of this study was to explore opportunities and challenges of teacher professional development in public campuses of Nepal. This study was qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The participants of the study were three teachers of different public campuses of Rupendehi district selected purposively. The study revealed TPD opportunities for teachers of public Campuses deserve high significance in the sense that they help teachers develop various kinds of professional skills, knowledge, new techniques of teaching. However, Public campuses are facing many challenges which include proper management TPD for faculties of their campuses and there is a gap between policies and practices in implementation of TPD in public campuses of Nepal.
The Stakeholders’ Perception on the Reliability and Validity of Internal Assessment
Authors: Khanal Rajendra
Published: April 2023

This article presents the stakeholders’ perceptions of the reliability and validity of the internal assessment system at Masters’ level under the faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University. It is based on mixed-method research design as well as primary and secondary data sources. For this purpose, the purposive sampling technique was applied to select 100 master’s level students studying in semester system and 25 teachers who were involved in teaching at the same level. The respondent views and perceptions have been analyzed and interpreted as descriptively and analytically. The findings depict that only 42 percent of students and 48 percent of teachers were agreed with the reliability of the score achieved from internal assessment. It can say that their level of satisfaction has signified as a weaker position. Likewise, 38 percent of students and 36 precent of teachers agreed on the tools used in internal evaluation, and their level of satisfaction is seen as very poor. However, they agreed that the tools used for internal assessment possess all sorts of validity. The findings conclude that internal assessment doesn’t have a higher level of reliability and validity.
Dual Identity of Pattharkatta (Kusbadiya) Community of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Reena
Published: April 2023

Caste and ethnic categories are social and historical products. In the case of Pattharkatta2 , there was only (Tarai Dalit) caste identity among all Pattharkattas of Nepal before a couple of decades. Most of them shared origin myths, history, social memories (knowledge), and livelihood strategies. After the penetration of ethnic identity politics, there was a division among the Pattharkatta. Some of them claimed that they were Kusbadiya, not Pattharkatta, and listed themselves in an ethnic community of Nepal. The rest of them continued their caste identity and cultural practices. The government of Nepal also recognized both Pattharkatta and Kusbadiya. The researcher is interested to explore why the community changed and continued its identity. Is it possible to be a caste and an ethnic group at the same time? If yes, how and in which contexts? What are different evidences and cultural practices that support their claims of Kusbadiya and Pattharkatta? What are the motivational factors of identity change? What are the cultural relations between the Pattharkatta and Kusbadiya? By employing a mixed methods design, the researcher explored that the community has a dual identity. Politically active elites of Pattharkatta were influenced by ethnic activists in the name of the social security fund. When the marginalized community was lured by a per-month bonus, they were ready to change their identity. In spite of similar stories of origin and cultural practices, the community is officially recognized by two different names. There is no fixity to ethnic differences and boundaries of caste ethnic identity.
Human Interaction with Nature: Ritus and Forests of the Himalayas
Authors: Paudel Shankar
Published: April 2023

The pivotal concern of my research is to explore the ranges of human interaction with forests and rivers in six different Ritus2 (seasons) in the context of Nepal in general and Morang and Chitwan Districts in particular. People are constantly engaged in various kinds of contact with nature according to the changing seasons. On one level, it is the interaction that occurs between any life form and nature. And on the other hand, especially in the case of humans, it extends towards the variety of causes, i.e. political, religious, and economic/ educational, that shape the interactions between humans and nature. My research aims to explore the nuances of those dialogues between humans and forests that are shaped by natural forces and the religious, socio-economic, aesthetic and common reasons during different Ritus.
Techniques Used by College Level English Teachers to Assess Interactive Speaking: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Tiwari Hari Prasad
Published: April 2023

Interactive speaking is a crucial component of speaking skill. It is essential for effective and successful communication. Assessment of students’ interactive speaking helps teachers to enhance students’ overall speaking proficiency in a second or foreign language. Several techniques can be used to evaluate interactive speaking and the application of techniques may vary according to the forms of speaking. The present article focuses on exploring the techniques used by college level English language teachers to assess the interactive speaking of the students who study major English at the bachelor's level. The study was conducted using qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenology design. The sample population included 13 English language teachers who taught English at affiliated colleges in the Banke district. I used convenience sampling to select the colleges and simple random sampling to select the sample population. The only technique used for collecting data was structured interview. Each of the interviews was recorded using an audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed using thematic approach to qualitative data analysis. The study revealed that oral question and answer, formal and informal debates, interviews, role plays, and discussion are the most commonly used techniques to assess interactive speaking skill at the college level. The study concluded that the techniques used in assessing interactive speaking may slightly vary depending on the level of the students but the teachers can use these techniques to the students of all levels.
Age Bar for the Retirement of Politicians
Authors: Neupane Alaka , Ghimire Maya Nath
Published: April 2023

Representation of people are expected to be reliable. To maintain the reliability, there needs certain limitation regarding the age. This paper discusses the reasons why there needs to be age bar for the retirement of politicians. Moreover, it illustrates the grounds that helps in flourishment of country upon having such limitations. Not only the flourishment of a country, it helps in giving the space for the ideas and strength of younger generation.
Comparative evaluation of smile attractiveness in various orthodontic treatment modalities- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Anjali , Singla Anshul , Puri Amrita , Chaudhary Shruti , Dutta Anushriya
Published: April 2023

Background: Smile plays a significant role in facial attractiveness and social interactions. The present study aimed to evaluate the smile attractiveness in subjects treated with extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment modality.
Materials and Methods: Frontal smiling photographs of 100 orthodontically treated subjects with an age range of 16-25 years were taken and divided into two groups each having 50 subjects. Group I (ANB 0° to 4° ) was subdivided into cases treated with extraction (group la) and without extraction (group lb). Similarly, Group II (ANB > 4°) was subdivided into cases treated with extraction (group lla) and without extraction (group lib). Smile esthetics and esthetic scores were assessed on frontal smile photographs by using different smile variables objectively and with the help of raters (10 laypersons,10 dental graduates, and 10 orthodontists) subjectively.
Results: In extraction cases, the esthetic scores of dental practitioners and orthodontists were higher than in cases of non-extraction. Between extraction and non-extraction cases, laypeople had no esthetic preference. In Skeletal class I, smile variables such as the arch form index, smile arc and maxillary incisor show had a higher value in extraction cases however, the buccal corridor was more in non-extraction cases. In Skeletal Class II, smile variables such as the maxillary incisor show and arch form index were more in extraction cases and exposure of mandibular teeth was more in non-extraction cases. Judgement given by the raters was mainly based on maxillary incisor show, number of teeth displayed, and buccal corridor ratio. In orthodontic patients treated with and without the extraction, statistically non-significant variations in smile esthetics and esthetic scores were found.
Conclusion: Thus, a decision regarding the extraction of teeth in orthodontic patients should not be solely based on smile esthetics but other factors which determine extraction should be considered.
Condition-Specific Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (CS-OHRQoL) measures in Orthodontics- A Narrative Review
Authors: Peter Elbe , J Monisha
Published: April 2023

Outcomes pertaining to orthodontics can be either ‘disease’ outcome or ‘treatment’ outcome. The scales used for outcome assessment are usually the same for both and can be classified as generic or condition-specific. Generic scales are used in general for a variety of clinical conditions in dentistry, whereas condition-specific scales are used for specific problems like malocclusion. Due to the peculiar nature of orthodontic problems that do not fall into the definition of a disease, generic scales are of little use and condition-specific ones are recommended. The present article aims to provide a summary of the available condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures in orthodontics and perform a critical analysis of the same.
Skeletal, Dentoalveolar and Soft tissue Components of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion among Nepalese Orthodontic Patients: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Shrestha Raju , Halwai Hemant Kumar , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Gupta Sandeep Kumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The understanding of the craniofacial morphology of skeletal Class II malocclusion is a key element in planning orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to describe various skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue components of skeletal Class II malocclusion in Nepalese orthodontic patients.
Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Lateral cephalograms of 70 patients with skeletal class II malocclusion of age greater than 1 8 years, and ANB > 4°, were traced. Various skeletal, dentoalveolar, and softtissue measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics were performed followed by an independent sample t-test to find the difference in mean of various cephalometric parameters between males and females.
Result: Among 70 subjects, 54 samples had class II div 1 malocclusion and 16 had class II div 2 malocclusion. Mandibular retrognathism was seen in 37 subjects having skeletal Class II Div 1 malocclusion and in 9 subjects with Class II Div 2 malocclusion. The mean value of SNA was 82.91 ° ± 2.87°, SNB was 76.81 ° ± 2.97°, and ANB was 6.11 ° ± 1.22° in Class II Div 1 subjects. In subjects with Class II Div 2, the mean value of SNA was 82.31 ° ± 3.19°, SNB was 76° ± 4.08°, and ANB was 5.44° ± 1.21 °. Mean value of U1 to NA degree and linear measurement was Class II div 1 was 28.30° ± 6.86° degree and 5.56 ± 2.76 mm respectively. Similarly, mean value of LI to NA degree and linear measurement was 31 .93° ± 5.96° and 6.16 ± 2.37 mm respectively. Mean and standard deviation value of upper lip to S-line and lower lip to S-line was 2.85 ± 2.1 3 mm and 3.54 ± 2.47 mm respectively in Class II Div 1 subjects. Similarly, in Class II Div 2 it was 1.50 ± 2.16 mm and 0.13 ± 2.66 mm respectively. Mean and standard deviation value of nasolabial angle was 93.69° ± 12.91° in Class II div 1 and 96.38° ± 12.26° degree in Class II Div 2. The mean values of most cephalometric parameters did not differ statistically between male and female subjects with Class II div 1  malocclusion.
Conclusion: In subjects with skeletal Class II mean value of SNA was within normal range whereas SNB was decreased. Retrognathia and a small mandible in relation to the cranial base with a well-positioned maxilla were observed in the majority of subjects. Mean U1 to NA angular and linear measurement was increased in Class II Div 1, whereas they were decreased in Class II Div 2.
Chin-throat morphology of Nepalese adults with normal occlusion and aesthetic facial profile – a cephalometric study
Authors: Mahto Ravi Kumar , Kafle Dashrath , Rai Diwash , Sakha Rabina , Rajbhandari Nikita
Published: April 2023

Objective(s): The present study was undertaken to obtain normative value for chin-throat morphology in Nepalese adult male and female adult subjects with normal occlusion and aesthetic facial profile and study variation of chinthroat morphology between the two sexes.
Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, lateral cephalograms of adult subjects with normal occlusion and pleasing facial profiles were selected from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. Manual tracing and measurement of 3 parameters evaluating chin-throat morphology i.e. lip-chin-throat angle, chin-throat length and chin-throat-neck angle were done. Descriptive analysis was carried out and Student’s t-test was used to find the difference in measurements between the male and female subjects.
Result: The mean values of lip-chin-throat angle, chin-throat length and chin-throat-neck angle were 105.56 ± 8.69 degrees, 40.48 ± 5.95 mm and 121.69 ± 13.86 degrees respectively. The mean value of the lip-chin-throat angle was 106.09 ± 8.60 degrees in male subjects and 105.12 ± 8.92 degrees in female subjects. Similarly, the mean value of chin-throat length was 40.08 ± 5.39 mm for males and 40.80 ± 6.47 mm for females. Also, the mean value of the chinthroat-neck angle was found to be 121.14 ± 16.99 degrees for males and 122.16 ± 10.92 degrees for females.
Conclusion: Normative values for chin-throat morphology of Nepalese adults were established. In addition to it, sexual dimorphism was observed for chin-throat morphology while comparing the mean values for male and female subjects. However, the differences were statistically insignificant.
O Ty, z jakiejkolwiek przychodzisz krainy, przeczytaj opowiedzianą pieśń… Księga jubileuszowa profesor Jolanty Sierakowskiej-Dyndo
Authors: Surdykowska-Konieczny Sylwia , Rodziewicz Magdalena , Michalak Mirosław , Bachtin Piotr
Published: April 2023

A collection of scientific articles and reminiscences written by outstanding orientalists, colleagues of Professor Jolanta Sierakowska-Dyndo – an eminent scholar in Iranian and Afghan studies – and her students, most of whom now work in the Department of Iranian Studies of the University of Warsaw. The texts explore the civilization and culture of Iran, Middle East, Central Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Far East, referring to politics, society, history, law, philosophy, religion and literature.