bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption, Displacement and Dispossession
Authors: Imrie Rob
Published: May 2022

The construction industry continues to benefit from major state support for property-led development that has fuelled the growth of market-orientated building, often in areas of low-cost housing and small businesses. Major cities are awash with speculative building projects that encourage gentrification including upward pressures on rents and exacerbating problems of affordability. Such city building, evident almost everywhere, is analogous to a process of unsettlement and social destabilisation, or what Till (2012: 8) describes as place-based colonisation involving ‘settlement clearances [and] geographies of displacement’. Buildings and spaces increasingly serve and service private places in which much of the built environment is foreclosed to the public and only accessible under specific conditions of entry. Chapter 5 considers how state sponsored ‘building for profit’ in cities is enacting swathes of clearances of people from places, and contributing to new forms of social inequality.
Building and Construction That Cares
Authors: Imrie Rob
Published: May 2022

The final chapter, chapter 10, begins by noting that there are much better ways to build than at present. Different worlds can be crafted enabling people to live in more humane ways that are respectful of ecology and the environment. Building and construction practices need to reject the ‘more of everything’ approach, and shift towards a quality-based paradigm in which crafting becomes the basis for the design and production of the built environment. The chapter considers how far an ethics and politics of care and caring can be instilled into the construction of places, and discusses what a caring building ethic refers to and may entail in practice (see Bates, et al, 2017). Here, an important focus relates to learning about how care and building may be conjoined, including discussion of the pedagogic and practical challenges in creating caring building values and practices.
Evaluating the potential cost-effectiveness of microarray patches to expand access to hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in low-and middle-income countries: A modelling study
Authors: Seaman Christopher P. , Mvundura Mercy , Frivold Collrane , Morgan Christopher , Jarrahian Courtney , Howell Jess , Hellard Margaret , Scott Nick
Published: May 2022

Timely birth dose vaccination is key for achieving elimination of hepatitis B, however, programmatic requirements for delivering current vaccine presentations to births outside of health facilities inhibits coverage within many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Vaccine technologies in development such as microarray patches (MAPs) could assist in overcoming these barriers, but procurement could incur higher per-dose commodity costs than current ten-dose (US$0.34) and single-dose (US$0.62) vial presentations, necessitating an evaluation of the economic value proposition for MAPs. Within 80 LMICs offering universal hepatitis B birth dose vaccination, the cost-effectiveness of using MAPs to expand coverage was evaluated using a mathematical model. We considered three potential per dose MAP prices (US$1.65, US$3.30, and US$5.00), and two potential MAP use-cases: (1) MAPs are used by lay-health workers to expand birth dose coverage outside of health facility settings, and (2) MAPs are also preferred by qualified health workers, replacing a proportion of existing coverage from vaccine vials. Analysis took the health system perspective, was costed in 2020 US$, and discounted at 3% annually. Across minimal (1% additional coverage) and maximal (10% additional and 10% replacement coverage) MAP usage scenarios, between 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.9, 3.1) and 38 (IQR: 28,44) thousand DALYs were averted over the estimated 2020 birth cohort lifetime in 80 LMICs. Efficiency of MAPs was greatest when used to provide additional coverage (scenario 1), on average saving US$88.65 ($15.44, $171.22) per DALY averted at a price of US$5.00 per MAP. Efficiency was reduced when used to replace existing coverage (scenario 2); however, at prices up to US$5.00 per MAP, we estimate this use-case could remain cost-effective in at least 73 (91%) modelled LMICs. Our findings suggest even at higher procurement costs, MAPs are likely to represent a highly cost-effective or cost-saving mechanism to expand reach of birth dose vaccination in LMICs.
Inputs for optimizing selection platform for milk production traits of dairy Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Worku Destaw , Gowane Gopal , Alex Rani , Joshi Pooja , Verma Archana
Published: May 2022

The premises for the potential success of molecular breeding is the ability to identify major genes associated with important dairy related traits. The present study was taken up with the objectives to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of bovine MASP2 and SIRT1 genes and its effect on estimated breeding values (EBVs) and to estimate genetic parameters for lactation milk yield (LMY), 305-day milk yield (305dMY), 305-day fat yield (305dFY), 305-day solid not fat yield (305dSNFY) and lactation length (LL) in Sahiwal dairy cattle to devise a promising improvement strategy. Genetic parameters and breeding values of milk production traits were estimated from 935 Sahiwal cattle population (1979–2019) reared at National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal, India. A total of 7 SNPs, where one SNP (g.499C>T) in exon 2 and four SNPs (g.576G>A, g.609T>C, g.684G>T and g.845A>G) in exon 3 region of MASP2 gene and 2 SNPs (g.-306T>C and g.-274G>C) in the promoter region of SIRT1 gene were identified in Sahiwal cattle population. Five of these identified SNPs were chosen for further genotyping by PCR-RFLP and association analysis. Association analysis was performed using estimated breeding values (n = 150) to test the effect of SNPs on LMY, 305dMY, 305dFY, 305dSNFY and LL. Association analysis revealed that, three SNP markers (g.499C>T, g.609T>C and g.-306T>C) were significantly associated with all milk yield traits. The estimates for heritability using repeatability model for LMY, 305dMY, 305dFY, 305dSNFY and LL were low, however the corresponding estimates from first parity were 0.20±0.08, 0.17±0.08, 0.13±0.09, 0.13±0.09 and 0.24, respectively. The repeatability estimates were moderate to high indicating consistency of performance over the parities and hence reliability of first lactation traits. Genetic correlations among the traits of first parity were high (0.55 to 0.99). From the results we could conclude that optimum strategy to improve the Sahiwal cattle further would be selecting the animals based on their first lactation 305dMY. Option top include the significant SNP in selection criteria can be explored. Taken together, a 2-stage selection approach, select Sahiwal animals early for the SNP and then on the basis of first lactation 305dMY will help to save resources.
PltRNAdb: Plant transfer RNA database
Authors: Mokhtar Morad M. , EL Allali Achraf
Published: May 2022

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are intermediate-sized non-coding RNAs found in all organisms that help translate messenger RNA into protein. Recently, the number of sequenced plant genomes has increased dramatically. The availability of this extensive data greatly accelerates the study of tRNAs on a large scale. Here, 8,768,261 scaffolds/chromosomes containing 229,093 giga-base pairs representing whole-genome sequences of 256 plant species were analyzed to identify tRNA genes. As a result, 331,242 nuclear, 3,216 chloroplast, and 1,467 mitochondrial tRNA genes were identified. The nuclear tRNA genes include 275,134 tRNAs decoding 20 standard amino acids, 1,325 suppressor tRNAs, 6,273 tRNAs with unknown isotypes, 48,475 predicted pseudogenes, and 37,873 tRNAs with introns. Efforts also extended to the creation of PltRNAdb (https://bioinformatics.um6p.ma/PltRNAdb/index.php), a data source for tRNA genes from 256 plant species. PltRNAdb website allows researchers to search, browse, visualize, BLAST, and download predicted tRNA genes. PltRNAdb will help improve our understanding of plant tRNAs and open the door to discovering the unknown regulatory roles of tRNAs in plant genomes.
Can economic development be a driver of food system sustainability? Empirical evidence from a global sustainability index and a multi-country analysis
Authors: Béné Christophe , Fanzo Jessica , Achicanoy Harold A. , Lundy Mark
Published: May 2022

Despite representing a growing element of the international community’s discourse, the sustainability of food systems and the challenge of its empirical measurement are still highly debated. In this paper, we propose to address this gap by computing a global food system sustainability index which we then use in a cross-country analysis covering 94 countries in low-, middle- and high-income regions. The analysis reveals a strong non-linear but positive correlation between the food system sustainability index and countries’ individual GDP per capita. This relationship suggests some possible degree of endogeneity between food system sustainability and economic development. We then use the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways framework and Individual Conditional Expectations modeling techniques to explore how the sustainability of food systems is projected to evolve in the future as countries move up the economic development ladder. The projections indicate that for lower income countries, the change is usually more significant than for higher income countries. The analysis also reveals that the different dimensions of sustainability will not all contribute equally to future improvements in food system sustainability. In particular, investments targeting social and food security & nutrition dimensions are projected to have a greater effect on the sustainability of food systems than investment/interventions aiming at the environment or economic domains. For countries located at the lower end of the economic development spectrum, this would imply that, even with limited resources, policy-makers could substantially improve the sustainability of countries’ food systems by prioritizing (sub)national policies and interventions focused on social and food security & nutrition domains.
VARIOUS CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
Authors: sharma shashank , Rana Vishal , Mishra Sooraj , Malik Dr. Seema
Published: May 2022

Security plays a full of danger position in keeping safe news given right not to be public and secrecy. Many process of changing knowledge into a secret form carefully worked designs are ready (to be used) to keep safe facts during sending (power and so on) or place for storing. These process of changing knowledge into a secret form methods (make, become, be) different in terms of power,

speed,

and useable materials using up

(cpu

1 use, memory, and power). This learning process try to present the most having general approval and interesting

algorithms

currently in use.
Electrostatic Spraying Pump
Authors: Jadhav Harshita , Parge Poonam , Shinde Sanjivani , Avhad Amisha , Suryavanshi Akshay
Published: May 2022

Pesticides are basically toxic chemicals design to certain pests , diseases or weeds for these aspects, the application of pesticides must be done accurately. One of the most important factors that affects the success of the application is choosing the right equipment. Electrostatic spraying is a new trend to apply pesticides with less drift potential. Researchers have indicated electrostatic spraying achieves better coverage of difficult target than conventional spraying. As per the survey most of the farmers already have conventional battery pumps. The project aims to provide an extension or attachment to the existing battery pump and convert the normal sprays into electrostatic sprays, So that entire process of spraying pesticides will become more effective in all aspect and cost-wise affordable to farmers.
Introduction
Authors: Platt R. Eric , Foster Holly A
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides a foundational introduction that sets the stage for the case chapters to follow. By retelling general events that shaped the Civil War south, this opening narrative allows readers to garner insights into the cultural context of the Confederate South, the Civil War, and events that shuttered most southern colleges and universities. It provides telling details that illustrate why some colleges were able to remain open while others failed to survive during the war years. As well, it provides information regarding what southern college life and academic endurance was like at the onset of the Civil War, what happened to colleges in each state as they seceded from the Union, and what became of those institutions that closed in contrast to those that remained active.
Mississippi College and the Mississippi College Rifles
Authors: Taylor David E. , Foster Holly A. , Platt R. Eric
Published: May 2022

In April of 1861, a military company of students was formed at Mississippi College to defend the American South and the manner of life that accompanied regional cotton kingdoms. This unit was titled the Mississippi College Rifles. The college’s corps of cadets was mustered into service at Corinth, Mississippi and shipped to northern Virginia. While college life continued at Mississippi College, cadets prepared for and took part in the first battle of Bull Run and continued to serve until the surrender of Lee’s troops at Appomattox. Of the 139 recorded Mississippi College Rifles, only two were engaged with the student corps at the time of Confederate surrender. The others had died, resigned, or transferred to other military units. Of particular interest is the Mississippi College cadet, Silas Talbert White. White’s correspondence illustrates what military life was like for this college student turned military man.
Confederate Compatriot
Authors: Wallace Michael M.
Published: May 2022

Despite antebellum foci on scientific and engineering curricula, the Virginia Military Institute’s military component provided Virginia and the Confederacy with several military advantages during the Civil War. These benefits included the drilling of raw troops before the First Battle of Manassas, the Corps of Cadets serving as a unit in the Confederate Army, and the provision of numerous Southern military officers throughout the war. Remaining open during the conflict was challenging for the institute. Obtaining both military and academic supplies was increasing difficult as the war continued. The Corps of Cadets was used numerous times as reserve troops, and carried out duties such as burial parties, apprehending deserters, and eventually as combat troops as the South’s sources of manpower withered. The Corps of Cadets, 247 strong, participated as a unit in the Battle of New Market, Virginia, on May 15, 1864, temporarily stopping Union Army advancement into the Shenandoah Valley.
A “Charitable Institution”
Authors: Holmes Don
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the historical and cultural impact of the University of North Carolina in the American Civil War era. From 1858 to 1868, the University of North Carolina was a struggling state college in Chapel Hill, but, despite challenges, it remained open throughout the war. Even so, the institution was forced to close its doors during the Reconstruction years due to a lack of students and state funding. Considering these events, this chapter explores the perspectives of students, faculty, and Chapel Hill community members to present a more comprehensive historical view of UNC during the Civil War. More specifically, an enhanced understanding of the university before, during, and after the war allows deeper insights into how the institution remained while many other North Carolina academies, colleges, and universities closed their doors.
At Home in the US
Authors: McFarlane Brian
Published: May 2022

International reputation now firmly established, Schepisi returned to the US to make some of the most impressive films of his career. Again, they reveal his fluent handling of a genre range that includes spy thriller (The Russia House), romantic comedy (Roxane), sports drama (Mr Baseball), and drama of mysterious relationships (Six Degrees of Separation). While the diversity is striking, there are also the recurring dealings with adaptation, with protagonists at odds with their settings, and with Schepisi’s adroit casting and dealing with actors.
Triumph in the UK— Last Orders (2002)
Authors: McFarlane Brian
Published: May 2022

Derived from Graham Swift’s novel, Last Orders is one of the highlights of Schepisi’s career. This moving drama involves three men driving from London to Margate to scatter their old friend’s ashes. It moves between past and present, with memory flashes that often tell as much about the man doing the remembering as about the moments remembered. Schepisi worked on the screenplay in close collaboration with Swift, and the film’s cast represents half a century of British film acting talent.
The Hot Mulch Band and the Missouri Back-to-the-Land Experience
Authors: Kersen Thomas Michael
Published: May 2022

One band that became the voice of sustainability in the Ozarks was the Hot Mulch Band. Members came from various intentional communities in the area such as Seven Springs. Some worked at the New Life Farm, researching and teaching sustainability in the region and even across the country.
Maria Bamford
Authors: Krefting Rebecca
Published: May 2022

Without being heavy-handed, Maria Bamford’s stand-up comedy tasks us with confronting social stratifications, global inequality, issues of gender parity, and negative attitudes towards mental illness. Humorous musings on her own struggles with bipolar disorder has amassed loyal fans and elevated Bamford to a position of public intellectual. This chapter by Rebecca Krefting explores the designation public intellectual—its gendered underpinnings and didactic nature—while charting Bamford’s ascendance in the public eye over time by affirming her own and others’ experiences of stigmatization, especially around matters of mental health.
“Of Course, But Maybe”
Authors: Gillota David
Published: May 2022

Louis C.K.’s stage persona often uses stand-up comedy as a forum through which to explore his own privilege as an affluent, heterosexual, white male and as an American citizen who reaps the benefits of a global economy that is built upon the labor force of poorer countries.  C.K.’s approach to privilege is often inconsistent, contradictory, and problematic, and this is especially true in light of the revelations about his past history of sexual misconduct. In this chapter, contributor David Gillota shows how C.K.’s humor remains important, as it elucidates the concepts of privilege and inequality in a manner that is accessible to potentially resistant audiences. And more important, C.K.’s inconsistent approach is ultimately revelatory of the contradictory ways in which privilege and inequality are understood and continue to operate in the contemporary United States.
Standing Flat-Footed and Talking
Authors: Taylor Monique
Published: May 2022

Google W. Kamau Bell and he appears to have been everywhere. His is a distinct anti-racist perspective in blogs, podcasts, magazine essays, a televised series, and CDs of his standup work. From a broad comedy universe, Bell tackles the contradiction of racism in a (so-called) post-racial age head-on. In a world where old media meets new, W. Kamau Bell embodies a current generation of comedians who fit squarely with critic Megan Garber’s claim that comedians are the new public intellectual. The ways in which Bell stands flat-footed and talks race in an age of postrace is reviewed systematically in this chapter by Monique Taylor, through what Bertram Ashe calls the post-soul matrix—an analytical framework for cataloguing the artistic sensibilities of an African American generation that relies on fluid rather than fixed markers or containers of “blackness.”
Stewart Huff, P.I.
Authors: Seizer Susan , Orenstein Aviva
Published: May 2022

This essay by Susan Seizer and Aviva Orenstein presents and analyzes the stand-up comedy of Stewart Huff, a regional road comic whose work is a stellar example of truth-telling through humor. His show God Hates Ann (2017) exposes and critiques sloppy and narrow-minded anti-science arguments and bigoted attitudes. Through a hilarious, if sometimes horrifying, march through the history of intolerance to new scientific ideas, Huff demonstrates the folly of resisting change, and challenges uncritical devotion to tradition. The contributors focus on both the subversive content of Huff’s act and his engaging form of delivery to explore how he expertly embodies the duality of being a “P.I.” —simultaneously Private Investigator and Public Intellectual.
The African Political Roots of Haitian Vodou
Authors: Hebblethwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Chapter 1 focuses on the political, economic, military, and religious history of the royal families of Dahomey, Allada, and Hueda between 1500 and 1800. All three focused on slave trading with Europeans. Gedevi-Yoruba expanded into Aja lands while rising tensions between Europeans and the Aja coastal population caused an Aja exodus to the Gedevi-Yoruba hinterland of the Abomey plateau. The Aja Agasuvi family established Dahomey there and sold threatening Gedevi. The biographies of Dahomian kings Dako, Agaja, and Tegbesu shed light on their slave trading, including the circumstances of enslavement, and how the African-side of the system impacted Saint-Domingue and Haiti. Royal Vodun culture and power are examined, including the use of relics and human sacrifice at the Annual Customs. Agaja’s invasion of Allada in 1724 and Hueda in 1727 were events that bled into Haitian Vodou history since many of the residents were sold to traders bound for Saint-Domingue.
The Rada Rite in Haiti
Authors: Hebblethwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Chapter 3 analyzes the history and content of the Rada Rite, including its ceremony, cycles of salutation, stations of salutation, and rituals. The names of 102 Rada Rite spirits are provided with linguistic and cultural features. The chapter includes 25 Haitian Creole and English facing-page songs by the contemporary Vodou group “Rasin Figuier” that focus on Rada Rite themes and spirits, including Ginen, ounsi kanzo (“initiates”), Papa Legba, Gran Chemen, Marasa, Lesen, Bondye (“God”), Loko, the angel Gabriel, Agaou, Ayizan, Danbala Wèdo, Ayida Wèdo, Vodou flags, the white of Rada, Èzili Freda, Agwe Tawoyo, Nago Rite songs for Ogou Balizay and Olicha, plus a few chante pwen (“songs of criticism”) that address political feuding, literacy, and national unity. The method of Vodou hermeneutics reads in history, religious studies, linguistics, literary criticism, and ethnomusicology to interpret Rasin Figuier’s Rada songs focused on life, order, and rootedness.
Chains and Rainbows Over the Atlantic
Authors: Hebblethwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Royalist Christians and royalist Vodunist counterparts led enslaver classes. The king of Dahomey’s grandiosity and royal religion that included mass human sacrifices to dead kings, were sharply distinct from the spirit-based traditions of the people he and his armies enslaved. Captured in raids, convicted of crimes, debts or adultery, multitudes were adjudicated for sale. Dahomey, Allada, and Hueda raided neighbours who in turn raided them. Centuries of raiding between Dahomey and Oyo kingdoms are reflected in Haitian Vodou’s complex layers. This book explores Africa and Haiti as distinct worlds in a dialectical historical relationship. Reading for the transatlantic history of Haitian Vodou recovers Africa’s impact on Haiti and Haiti’s significance for understanding Africa’s past and present. Breaking with the compartmentalization that splits Haitian from African studies, and from the dominant “post-disembarkation” orientation to Haitian history, the dialectical, hermeneutical and transatlantic approaches seek new understandings of Haitian Vodou.
Instruments of Empire
Authors: Talusan Mary
Published: May 2022

At the turn of the twentieth century, the United States extended its empire into the Philippines while subjugating Black Americans in the Jim Crow South. And yet, one of the most popular musical acts was a band of “little brown men,” Filipino musicians led by an African American conductor playing European and American music. The Philippine Constabulary Band and Lt. Walter H. Loving entertained thousands in concert halls and world’s fairs, held a place of honor in William Howard Taft’s presidential parade, and garnered praise by bandmaster John Philip Sousa—all the while facing beliefs and policies that Filipinos and African Americans were “uncivilized.” Author Mary Talusan draws on hundreds of newspaper accounts and exclusive interviews with band members and their descendants to compose the story from the band’s own voices. She sounds out the meanings of Americans’ responses to the band and identifies a desire to mitigate racial and cultural anxieties during an era of overseas expansion and increasing immigration of nonwhites, and the growing “threat” of ragtime with its roots in Black culture. The spectacle of the band, its performance and promotion, emphasized a racial stereotype of Filipinos as “natural musicians” and the beneficiaries of benevolent assimilation and colonial tutelage. Unable to fit Loving’s leadership of the band into this narrative, newspapers dodged and erased his identity as a Black American officer. The untold story of the Philippine Constabulary Band offers a unique opportunity to examine the limits and porousness of America’s racial ideologies, exploring musical pleasure at the intersection of Euro-American cultural hegemony, racialization, and US colonization of the Philippines.
Instruments of Empire: Brass Bands, Black Soldiers, and American Imperialism in the Philippines
Authors: Talusan Mary
Published: May 2022

Military brass bands communicate ideas and sentiments about the nations they represent. A worldwide brass band movement burst forth during the 19th century and became iconic of the modern nation. This chapter uncovers how American colonizers neither introduced the brass band tradition to Filipinos nor radically altered it; they simply redirected the meaning of its performance in the Philippines to portray an elaborate logic of benevolent rule, colonial tutelage, and assimilation. Black soldier-musicians were integral to the popularity of American music in the Philippines, thus understanding their unique racial and social position during war provides context to the exceptional rise to fame of Lt. Walter Howard Loving, his rapport with Filipinos, and the role of military bands in alleviating racial tensions between Whites and Blacks and also between Americans and Filipinos in the colonial Philippines.
Sounding Philippine Nationalism at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915
Authors: Talusan Mary
Published: May 2022

Since their last visit to the U.S. in 1909, the Philippine Constabulary Band’s reputation was firmly established, the Philippine-American War was over, and the Jones Bill, a landmark proposition granting the Philippines increased independence, was close to being approved. Because of these developments, the PC Band was contextualized in the debate over the future of the Philippines as both an example of Filipinos’ capacity and progress towards civilization and of the pressing need of the U.S. to continue its work in civilizing Filipinos. The activities of the PC Band at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition reveal that progress of the empire was not possible without the labor of racial others, but the subsequent erasure of that labor emphasized white men’s domination over racial others. Though the PC Band was recognized by audiences, they did not receive enough official recognition that would create a lasting name for themselves and for Filipinos in America.
Jump Rope
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

This chapter includes sixty-one jump rope jingles. Jump rope rhymes were collected at schools (when playing was allowed), and on the streets in south Louisiana. The majority of players from whom jump rope jingles were collected were African American, yet the author remembered playing “I Like Coffee I like Tea,” “Red White and Blue,” “Mississippi,” “Helicopter,” “Down by the River,” and “School,” in the 1940s. Jumping rope is excellent exercise, yet it was noted that over the fifty years this collection was made, fewer and fewer schools allowed it.
Lillian Hellman’s South
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines Hellman’s The Little Foxes (1939), Another Part of the Forest (1946), and The Autumn Garden (1951), all placed in the American South. In these plays, Hellman utilizes satire and irony to uncover the artifice in southern mythology and national narratives about the South, but many critics and audiences saw only a recapitulation of the images she sought to deconstruct, a challenge that has persisted for southern women playwrights. This chapter argues that Hellman is an important predecessor of modern and contemporary southern women dramatists, acknowledging her early feminist perspective, her attempts to satirize perceptions of the South in the national imaginary, her engagement with queer identity, and her attention to lower-class and African American women, as well as white women’s complicity in upholding patriarchy.
“Ungubani?”
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an exploration into the film’s antagonist from a variety of perspectives which considers why he became so popular with audiences.
Conclusion
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an exploration of Black Panther’s wider themes, how it was received and how many connected it to the contemporary political climate via Donald Trump, Barrack Obama and Black Lives Matter.
Southern Entanglements
Authors: Neville-Shepard Ryan
Published: May 2022

To break the Democrats’ Solid South, white Dixiecrats and Republicans coded racism even before Lee Atwater’s notorious Southern Strategy. In this chapter, Ryan Neville-Shepard locates a proto-Southern Strategy in Strom Thurmond’s rhetoric, particularly the Dixiecrats’ effort to develop a series of racist dog whistles to disrupt desegregation. Thurmond’s campaign speeches from the 1948 campaign are closely read in order to highlight the slow replacement of white supremacist catchphrases and slogans with discourse about constitutionalism, states’ rights and local control, as well as liberty and free market capitalism. These become part of a dominant conservative vernacular still used as mainstream political discourse in 2020, with loosely Southern associations that provide national electoral success.
Migration, Return, and “Tomorrow’s Spaces” in Velma Pollard’s Writings
Authors: Bryan Violet Harrington
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes Velma Pollard’s novel Homestretch (1994) and her poetry written in five books and ending with And Caret Bay Again (2013). Pollard is one of the major Anglophone Post-Independence writers of the Caribbean. In 2004 she was awarded a Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Award for her poetry rich in the use of oral discourse and several styles of English. Given her expertise in multi-vocal writing, she is considered a poet of cross-fertilization in the Caribbean and the United States. Throughout Pollard’s poetry and prose, there is much migration and travel to other parts of the diaspora, yet also placement and return.
Introduction
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

Nineteenth-century girls’ literature is a fertile space for investigating the constraints and possibilities of adolescence. The German-American phenomenon of the Backfisch novel, or fiction for adolescent girls, reveals a poorly understood moment in children’s literature when authors and readers alike explored adolescence as a liminal time of exploration and collaborative growth. Backfisch books occupy a space between the protection (and confinement) of the family story and the vulnerability of the later orphan girl novel. They reveal another strand in the development of the girls’ book, one in which girls are loved, protected, and expected to function independently of parents and siblings. While these conservative narratives rely on strict gender binaries, reinforce white privilege, and glorify domesticity, they also allow for fantasies of female growth. In these novels, growing up is a difficult but rewarding process, adults are loving and effective mentors, and adolescence itself is celebrated.
Converting Girls into Women
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

This chapter uses gender theory as a lens that helps us see the girl’s transformation into a woman as a conversion experience, rooted in domestic labor, rather than prayer, and infused with moral implications. By highlighting the hard work needed to turn a girl into a woman, these novels show that becoming a woman is not a natural, inevitable process, but a form of transformation that occurs in a social context and requires mentorship, trial and error, and perseverance. The Backfisch novel constructs gender both at the level of plot structure (“what does it mean for the novel to be over?”) and by holding individuals accountable to gender stereotypes (“what does it mean to be good?”). While many twenty-first adolescent girls must negotiate a system of invisible labor without instruction, the nineteenth-century Backfisch book made visible the effort and moral sculpting that result in virtuous womanhood.
Playing Jazz in Socialist Vietnam
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Quyên Văn Minh , Yamashita Yosuke
Published: May 2022

Is there jazz in socialist Vietnam? The answer is “yes,” even though jazz was once perceived as “music of the enemy.” Playing Jazz in Socialist Vietnam tells the story of saxophonist, Quyền Văn Minh, who helped to give jazz a place in socialist Vietnam. This is an intimate account of a life in jazz under socialism in Vietnam, set in the broader contexts of radical social revolution, war, and uncertainty of political change when peace returned. 
After accidentally encountering jazz on the transistor radio as a child, Minh embarked on a life-long quest to learn and play the music. From a self-taught musician who played at wedding gigs, he rose to become a respectable professional musician in successive song and dance troupes. Minh’s desire to play jazz motivated him to present the genre in socialist Vietnam’s public sphere, which inadvertently led to a teaching career at the national conservatoire. In 1994, he premiered three original jazz compositions in the first jazz concert performed by Vietnamese musicians at the Hà Nội Opera House. Releasing his debut jazz album, Birth ’99, Minh helped to give shape to the nascent genre of “Vietnamese jazz.” Eventually, he founded Minh’s Jazz Club to create a space for musicians to play jazz and Vietnamese audience to learn about jazz.  
Written in a creative melange of autoethnography, analytical interventions, and broad contextualizations that faithfully projects the voice of the protagonist, readers could see how the complex political and social contexts of socialist Vietnam are actually experienced by real people. Through the story of Minh, we show how jazz in socialist Vietnam, as we believe in many other Asian countries and formerly socialist Eastern European countries, is mediated by passion, tenacity, and innovation of devoted musicians who saw in jazz the power of artistic self-expression.
Minh’s Jazz Club
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn
Published: May 2022

On 23 October 1997, Minh’s Jazz Club opened its doors in Hà Nội. It was the first jazz club to open in Vietnam under communist rule. Ever since then, Minh’s Jazz Club has been the place for Vietnamese musicians to indulge in playing jazz for a live audience. Earlier in 1992, Metropole, the reopened colonial era luxurious hotel, had begun to feature a regular jazz act at the hotel’s bar. That jazz act was a Vietnamese band led by Quyền Văn Minh. In 2001, Minh’s Jazz Club was one of four venues that hosted the First European Jazz Festival in Vietnam. In the years that followed, a stream of international jazz artists, including Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, and Yamashita Yosuke visited Hà Nội. Almost every one of these musicians made a stop at Minh’s Jazz Club. There is a bona fide jazz venue in Hà Nội. Jazz could be heard in the political capital of socialist Vietnam.
Growing Up
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn
Published: May 2022

The socialist revolution began permeating every aspect of society in North Vietnam as the country came under communist rule in 1954. Jazz, once heard in the luxurious colonial enclaves in Hà Nội and included in the broadcast playlist of Radio Hà Nội, went silent. Revolutionary music, or “red music,” dominated the official soundscape. In general, children who grew up in the years of the socialist revolution heard very little of other music in the public sphere. The Second Indochina War soon extended into the North as the U.S. began a systematic bombing of major cities and military installations north of the 17th parallel. In the midst of the socialist revolution and war, Quyền Văn Minh accidentally encountered jazz through the transistor radio and ignited his passion for the music.
Interlude II
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn
Published: May 2022

While the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was undergoing a fervent socialist revolution, fighting a bloody war with the Americans and South Vietnam, and singing songs of revolution and patriotism, the rest of Asia was experimenting with jazz and trying to find its own individual voice in the world of jazz. As jazz entered Asia during the age of colonialism, its consumption by the local population was associated with a perceived experiencing of modernity. However, the popularity of jazz could also be interpreted as a foreign assault on the integrity of local cultures and values. The pursuit of jazz by local musicians invariably resulted in attempts to create their own language to speak in the world of jazz rather than simply mimicking what was blowing in from the US, the original home of the genre.
Birth ’99
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn
Published: May 2022

Quyền Văn Minh released his first two solo jazz albums consisting of original compositions in 2000 and 2001. With this repertoire of original compositions, Minh brought his brand of Vietnamese jazz to Singapore for a nine-day performance tour sponsored by Philip Morris Group with official endorsement by relevant Vietnamese government agencies. In the following years, Minh participated in several key jazz festivals in Asia, presenting a mix of original compositions and standard jazz tunes. From 2001 to 2003, Minh was a key participant in the European Jazz Festival in Vietnam series held in Hà Nội with his jazz club serving as one of the host venues for each festival. In just a decade after Minh’s concerts in 1988 and 1989, an original Vietnamese jazz sound, very much inspired by the ethnic folk music sounds of Vietnam, emerged on the scene and gave Vietnamese jazz a nascent identity.
“Call Me Lib”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Tracing the records to identify Maria Miller’s parents leads to a community of slaves in Greenwich, Connecticut. Several bondswomen shared similar experiences of slavery and emancipation.
Poetic Song Verse
Authors: Mattison Mike , Suarez Ernest
Published: May 2022

This unique and accessibly written study discusses the relationship between the blues, rock, folk, jazz, and poetry in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, but it is anchored in the 1960s, when a concentration of artists transformed modes of popular music from entertainment to art-that-entertains. The authors (a professional musician and a literary historian) synthesize a wide range of writing about music—biographies, histories, articles in popular magazines, personal reminiscences, and a selective smattering of academic studies—and examine the development of a relatively new literary genre that they call poetic song verse. Poetic song verse was nurtured in the 50s and early 60s by the blues and in Beat coffee houses, and matured in the mid-to-late 60s in the art of Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Joni Mitchell, Leonard Cohen, Gil Scott-Heron, and others who used voice, instrumentation, arrangement, and production to foreground semantically textured, often allusive, and evocative lyrics that resembled and engaged poetry. Among the topics Mattison and Suarez consider are: What, exactly, is this new genre? What were its origins? And how has it developed? How do we study and assess it? To answer these questions, the authors engage in an extended discussion of the roots of the relationship between blues-based music and poetry, and address how it developed into a distinct literary genre. The book balances historical details and analysis of particular songs with readability to create a lively, intelligent, and cohesive narrative that will provide a wide range of readers with an overarching perspective on the development of an exciting, relatively new literary genre.
Myth-Making, Personae, and Poetic Song Verse
Authors: Mattison Mike , Suarez Ernest
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines many sixties songwriters’ shift from reverential devotion to folk music as a marker of authenticity to emphasizing sensational, often shocking aspects of their public images and creative practices. Instead of portraying themselves as the descendants of Woody Guthrie, Bukka White, and Pete Seeger, artists returned to the theatrics of Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Jerry Lee Lewis but retained the cerebral, self-consciously artistic emphasis that characterized songs and poetry in folk and Beat coffee houses. This combination unleashed Bob Dylan and others from songwriting conventions that ranged from the length of individual songs to how albums were conceptualized, recorded, and produced. This chapter examines how the “creative lies” the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Doors, and others cultivated helped turn them into larger—often more notorious—celebrities, and had a profound influence on the form and substance of their art.
Gender characteristics of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic hormones in permanent residents of the Arctic region, taking into account age
Authors: Bichkaev A. A. , Volkova N. I. , Bichkaeva F. A.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: An increase with age in the blood glucose level of permanent residents of the Arctic region is a risk factor for metabolic changes, including diabetes mellitus (DM), the frequency and prevalence of which is often accompanied by an increase in body weight and obesity. However, at the moment, there is no clear idea of the age range in the structure of metabolic changes in northerners, and the influence of gender on the content of glucose, its metabolites, pancreatic hormones and the nature of the relationship between them in adults requires clarification.

AIMS: To assess the values of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, pancreatic hormones, body mass index and the nature of the relationships between them in residents of the Arctic region who were born and permanently residing in the Nenets (NAO), Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and Mezen District of the Arkhangelsk Region, taking into account gender and age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the blood serum healthy residents of the NAO, YaNAO and the Mezensky district of the Arkhangelsk region of mature age, born and permanently residing in the Arctic region, randomly selected after a medical examination and questioning, which depending on gender and age were divided into groups: women 21–35, 36–45, 46–55 years old and men 22–35, 36–45, 46–60 years old. The blood serum was determined by the content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide was determined, measured height and weight.

RESULTS: The study involved 1146 people of mature age (women 21–35 (221), 36–45 (222) and 46–55 (371), men 22–35 (105), 36–45 (84), 46–60 (143) years). Regardless of gender, the content of glucose (Glu) significantly increases with age, the peak of which occurs in women aged 46–55 years and in men aged 46–60 years. Age-related changes in the content of lactate (Lac) and pyruvate (Pir) were not found, but in men aged 36–45 years, the level of Lac was higher than in women, and the content of Pir, on the contrary, in all age groups, regardless of gender, was shifted to the lower limit of normal and below it. Against the background of an increase in Glu in women aged 46–55 years the level of insulin was significantly increased, and in men aged 46–60 years, the level of proinsulin was significantly increased. The value of the HOMA index, regardless of gender, exceeded the norm, and the value of the Caro index was below the critical level, which indicates hidden disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS: In permanent residents of the Arctic region (NAO, YaNAO, Mezensk district of the Arkhangelsk region) of mature age, sex differences were established in the content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glycolysis by pancreatic hormones, as well as an excess of the BMI norm in 50,9, 67,0, 75,0% of women and 52,1, 66,6, 63,7% males.
Functional brain MRI in the setting of drug correction of obesity
Authors: Kuznetsova P. I. , Romantsova T. I. , Logvinova O. V. , Tsvetkova E. S. , Kremneva E. I. , Troshina E. A. , Tanashyan M. M.
Published: May 2022

AIMS. Study of the dynamics of brain activity using functional MRI (fMRI) in obese patients treated with sibutramine (Reduxine®).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study enrolled patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 . All participants underwent initial brain fMRI mapping. The obesity cohort was treated with sibutramine at a dose of 10 or 15 mg per day for 3 months. After treatment patients with obesity underwent a second fMRI mapping to assess changes against the initial mapping.

RESULTS. The study included: 30 patients (86,7% women) with mean age of 31 [27.25; 36] years, mean body weight (BW)  - 106 [95.75; 121.75] kg, mean BMI 37.4 [33.55; 41.9] kg/m2 , mean waist circumference (WC) - 109 [100; 114.75] cm. The most marked activation volume (via fMRI) was observed in patients with obesity (before treatment) in the visual cortex (occipital lobes). After 3 months of treatment with sibutramine, 80% of patients lose ≥5% of BW. Mean BW decrease was -7.2 [-13.46; -5.37] kg, BMI decrease — -7.2 [-13.49; -5.34] кг/м2 , WC decrease — -6.9 [-11.88; -4.03] см, p <0,05. According to fMRI data, a  decrease in brain activation in the projection of the occipital lobes (35%), left insula (44%), and increase inactivation by 70% in the area of the left DMPF.

CONCLUSION. A dynamic study of brain activity using fMRI in obese patients showed that during treatment with sibutramine, a decrease in body weight is accompanied by a decrease in activation in the projection of the occipital lobes and the left insular lobe of the brain, and an increase in activation in the area of the left DMPFC. These data may indicate a decrease in the emotional perception of high-calorie food, a decrease in motivation to eat it, and an increase in cognitive control. In general, the noted dynamics of the functional activity of the brain in obese patients against the background of obesity therapy can be regarded as a change in previously formed patterns of eating behavior.