bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Practice Through Non-Instructional Technology Platforms
Authors: Bell Allison M. , Hernandez Andrea Leigh , Huang Wenhao David
Published: April 2019

This case study describes the processes and outcomes of intentional efforts to formalize and enable learning, communication, and collaboration in a network of nonprofit practitioners to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of member organizations. After identifying a need for nonprofits in Central Illinois to have increased awareness of others' efforts and work together to a greater extent, a technology-enabled Community of Practice (CoP) was formed to facilitate positive change. After a short period of implementation, an evaluation found that the virtual CoP was valued by members as an important source of learning, networking, and finding resources. Further, intentional efforts to facilitate nonprofit network activities and productivity led to meaningful outcomes in this community and members' performance. This case study serves as a non-instructional Human Performance Technology (HPT) example for consideration by organizations seeking to support informal learning among nonprofit employees and stakeholders in order to improve and sustain members' performance.
Performance Appraisal Techniques Across Various Sectors in India
Authors: Rana Shikha
Published: April 2019

In recent times competitive and outperforming employees are of the utmost requirement for the success and sustenance of any organization. Organizations hire employees to achieve long-term and short-term goals so that they can get an edge over competitors and can meet the challenges posed by the continuously changing environment. Therefore, employees strive hard and give their level best to the organization and prove their worth by showing exemplary performance. At this juncture it becomes really important for the employers to know the exact level of employee performance as every employee differs in skills, abilities, and competence. This chapter discusses the concept, development of performance appraisal, and techniques of performance appraisal that are used across various sectors in India.
Digital Citizenship for All
Authors: Conley Quincy , Scheufler Jessica , Persichini Gina , Lowenthal Patrick R. , Humphrey Michael
Published: April 2019

Digital literacy is important, particularly for young people as they prepare for college and a career in modern society. From computer-based tests used to measure student progress on college applications and online job applications, the transition to college and career requires the use of technology. Individuals must have digital literacy skills to fully participate and contribute on the job and at school. This includes people with disabilities. These young adults have aspirations for jobs and higher education just like others their age and therefore deserve to be taken seriously. This article is a review of literature that explores what it means to be digitally literate, the digital literacy experience for young adults with disabilities, and the implications for education and the workplace. It also proposes instructional solutions to aid in the preparation of young adults for college and career.
Intellectual Capital and Business Performance of Pharmaceutical Firms in Kenya
Authors: Ngari James Mark
Published: April 2019

Intellectual capital is an investment in the organization and it is perceived to be a strategic resource and a source of competitive advantage. The purpose of this chapter is to test the relationship between intellectual capital and business performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The specific objectives are to determine whether human capital, structural capital and relational capital influence business performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The results indicate that human capital, structural capital and relational capital influence business performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. Human capital and structural capital relationship strongly exist among the studied pharmaceutical firms and significantly influenced business performance positively. In addition, the study confirmed that human capital, structural capital and relational capital are dimensions of intellectual capital. The developed model confirm that the theory fitted data with fit indices above or below the required thresholds and the empirical results provided strong support for the model.
Functional Assessment of Persons With Motor Limitations
Authors: Lappas Kaliopi
Published: April 2019

In this chapter a referral is made to the most known examination methods and tools for evaluating persons with motor limitations. Since there are many methods and tools, standardized or not, describing each of them by the area of evaluation and forming a quick reference guide seem to be helpful. Furthermore referrals are made to some special evaluation forms regarding special conditions, like stoke, which appear to have multiple problems influencing function. Finally, in the last section of this chapter a referral is made to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health scale (ICF), which has been developed the past few years by the World Health Organization (WHO), in an effort to have and apply a universal way of assessing people with disabilities. This scale aims to give to all the health professional and researchers a “common language” when “measuring” disability and function.
Expanding the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model-Towards More Efficient Training in the IT Sector
Authors: Agarwal Neetima , Pande Neerja , Ahuja Vandana
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the Kirkpatrick Learning Evaluation Model (1950) can be augmented to make it more credible and successful evaluation parameter in the changing times. Since the advent of Information Technology industry the rigid structures of organizations are replaced by the Flat/Matrix structures, removing the bars of time and place. This paper is an attempt to include three gaps identified in the Kirkpatrick Model, Training motivation, Organization citizenship behaviour and the Assessment of both the individual and the Organization simultaneously. Through co-relation and regression analysis these gaps were tested on the data obtained from 461 employees. The data support the various relationships to be included in Kirkpatrick Model and it identifies that for an effective training program it's essential to perform both pre-training and post-training analysis using the four parameters of Kirkpatrick Model viz. Reaction (changed to Motivation), Learning, Behaviour (or Performance) and Results.
Expertise Development for Next-Generation Digital Learners
Authors: Jung Eulho , Lim Doo Hun , Han Soo Jeoung
Published: April 2019

As the nature of work has become much more complex and sociotechnical, the needs for developing expertise are high. Research on expertise development are diverse (Bjork, 1994; Einstein & McDaniel, 2005; Schneider et al., 2002), but empirical studies intended to bridge expertise development and instructional design theories are relatively scarce (Ertmer et al., 2008; Fadde, 2009). This chapter addresses why and how scholars and practitioners should foster expertise development skills for Next-Generation digital learners.
Analyzing Verbal Narratives in TV News and Commercials
Authors: Lowry Dennis T.
Published: April 2019

This chapter acknowledges the truism that “television is a visual medium” but discusses six reasons for sometimes focusing scholarly attention on the non-visual, lexical content of TV news and commercials. It summarizes three different lexical analyses of network TV news dealing with economic news reporting, the reporting of presidential approval polls, as well as general presidential news coverage. All three studies were carried out within the context of charges of political news bias, and all three found evidence to support public perceptions of such bias. The fourth study summarizes a longitudinal analysis of presidential campaign TV commercials from 1952-2008. The particular focus of this study was to look for lexical differences in the content of commercials from winning vs. losing campaigns. The four studies summarized in this chapter demonstrate that, even in this visual age of television, words still mean things.
Citizen Journalism on Facebook and the Challenges of Media Regulation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sabao Collen , Chingwaramusee Vimbai Rejoice
Published: April 2019

The chapter discusses the rise of citizen journalism, examining the manners in which such form of journalistic practice impacts media regulatory frameworks and journalistic ethics in Zimbabwe, specifically looking at the Baba Jukwa Facebook wall. It discusses the nature of reporting in citizen journalism and the challenges these pose on media regulating laws and journalistic ethics. Over the last decade, social networking websites and other social forums have exploded in popularity in the whole world, Zimbabwe included. These social networking sites have become quite central as alternative news media, breaking stories before the mainstream official media does. The impact that such social networks have on contemporary society as public spheres - platforms for group social interactions and news outlets should not be undermined because of how they allow people to interact freely and to (re)construct their desired realities in the face of the gag of stringent media laws.
Deferring Citizens' “Right to Know” in an Information Age
Authors: Heuva William Edward
Published: April 2019

Namibia is one of the emerging democracies that have not yet enacted the Access to Information legislation. While the country has guaranteed freedom of expression and media in its constitution, it has not provided for Access to Information as a constitutional right. This chapter seeks to examine Namibia's reluctance to adopt an Access to Information legislation. It interrogates views that locate the omission of this fundamental human right in the country's constitutional (legal) and policy frameworks. It underscores the failure by Namibia to reverse the information black-out suffered under the Apartheid dispensation. The chapter starts with a theoretical/philosophical rationale for the right to know to elicit an understanding of this discourse and its relevance to emerging democracies, such as Namibia. It then examines attempts by state and civil society to introduce the legislation in the country. Predicted on praxis, the chapter in conclusion provides some suggestions that may help resolving the impasse in adopting the Access to Information legislation in the county.
Critical Media Literacy as Transformative Pedagogy
Authors: Funk Steven , Kellner Douglas , Share Jeff
Published: April 2019

This chapter provides a theoretical framework of critical media literacy (CML) pedagogy and examples of practical implementation in K-12 and teacher education. It begins with a brief discussion of literature indicating the need for educators to use a critical approach to media. The historical trajectory of CML and key concepts are then reviewed. Following this, the myths of “neutrality” and “normalcy” in education and media are challenged. The chapter takes a critical look at information and communication technologies and popular culture, reviewing how they often reinforce and occasionally challenge dominant ideologies. Next, this critical perspective is used to explore how CML interrogates the ways media tend to position viewers, users, and audiences to read and negotiate meanings about race, class, gender, and the multiple identity markers that privilege dominant groups. The subjective and ubiquitous nature of media is highlighted to underscore the transformative potential of CML to use media tools for promoting critical thinking and social justice in the classroom.
Computational Journalism
Authors: Ziegler Lady Dhyana
Published: April 2019

In this chapter, the use and application of big data in the news gathering process is discussed. The author explains how the combination of journalism, computer science, and social research introduces a new paradigm to the news industry and academic programs. The chapter explains how the impact of computational journalism on the news product and the use of big data analytics are applied to assess trends and habits of human interaction in all aspects of news coverage. The author purports that big data is essential to the news industry to make predictions and/or draw conclusions to produce a better news package. The author stresses the point that shaping news in a big data world challenges the foundation of journalistic principles and practices but the credibility and integrity of the news product must be maintained. The chapter introduces the Z Wheel communication process model as a new tool for shaping news in this big data environment.
Using Virtual Environments to Transform Collective Intelligence
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: April 2019

The wisdom society is the latest iteration of the idea of collective intelligence, which has accelerated due to social media and other online collaborative tools. This chapter offers a background on information, collective intelligence and its elements, virtual environments, and theories that relate to collective intelligence. Benefits and issues related to collective intelligence are detailed, and conditions for optimum collective intelligence, including its transformation through virtual environments, are explained. Individual and group dynamics, and group models are also discussed in terms of their impact on collective intelligence in virtual environments.
Intermediation and Innovation Contests on the Internet
Authors: Liotard Isabelle , Revest Valérie
Published: April 2019

The aim of this chapter is to analyse the emergence of a new form of hybrid research, resulting from the meeting of the Internet and an old practice revitalized by the Web: innovation contests. Through the study of two specific systems, the private platform Innocentive.com and the government-related platform Challenge.gov, we propose to highlight the particularities of these two recent models of research and innovation organisation. We also seek to identify the main similarities and differences in the forms of intermediation practised by these two platforms and particularly as regards the range of service provision: provide information, guidance and expertise, create and conduct business transactions, solve complex challenges, manage Intellectual Property issues. This comparative analysis illustrates the great malleability of the system of online contests, which can thus adapt to very diverse needs on the part of sponsors and take into account the specificity of the required innovations.
The Crowdfunding Communities and the Value of Identification for Sustainability of Co-Creation
Authors: Demiray Melek , Aslanbay Yonca
Published: April 2019

For a sustainable future, the actors of the market need a change in spirit that will elevate the life-chances of people by being an “empowered part” of the economic system. A participative, open knowledge economic and market system that will ensure the material well-being, the social visibility, the happiness and the consciousness of the individual is essential. Crowdfunding, as a recent online social community network market model is to be a new socio-technical system of co-creation through self “making and funding”. The aim of this study is to discuss the role of identification in co-creation for sustainability of newly rising crowdfunding communities. In line with this objective, the following two aspects are clarified: the key characteristics of crowdfunding platforms as online communities and the role of identification for co-creation in online crowdfunding communities.
Quality Evaluation of Volunteered Geographic Information
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Malczewski Jacek
Published: April 2019

A large amount of crowd-sourced geospatial data have been created in recent years due to the interactivity of Web 2.0 and the availability of Global Positioning System (GPS). This geo-information is typically referred to as volunteered geographic information (VGI). OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a popular VGI platform that allows users to create or edit maps using GPS-enabled devices or aerial imageries. The issue of quality of geo-information generated by OSM has become a trending research topic because of the large size of the dataset and the inapplicability of Linus' Law in a geospatial context. This chapter systematically reviews the quality evaluation process of OSM, and demonstrates a case study of London, Canada for the assessment of completeness, positional accuracy and attribute accuracy. The findings of the quality evaluation can potentially serve as a guide of cartographic product selection and provide a better understanding of the development of OSM quality over geographic space and time.
The Crowdsourcing Scheme as an Innovative Management Tool in University Spin-Offs
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna Dorota , Szopa Anna
Published: April 2019

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique adopted by companies in the process of innovation. It can be also adopted by university spin-offs that play the significant role in the process of knowledge and technology transfer. In recent years, they have been researched from diverse perspectives. However, there are hardly any studies based on university spin-offs that have implemented crowdsourcing. This chapter presents how crowdsourcing business model might be applied to develop a university spin-off. The paper explains the rationale behind the adaptation of crowdsourcing by innovation-driven spin-offs. One overarching question of the chapter is “Can crowdsourcing be well adopted by university spin-offs?” Our study will open new paths for research and discussion, and its results will be supportive for decision making in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship. The logic of this paper is to speculate how university spin-offs can create value with the groups of online users through adopting crowdsourcing in its operation.
Dynamic Modeling and Control Techniques for a Quadrotor
Authors: Elkholy Heba , Habib Maki K.
Published: April 2019

This chapter presents the detailed dynamic model of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) known as the quadrotor. The mathematical model is derived based on Newton Euler formalism. This is followed by the development of a simulation environment on which the developed model is verified. Four control algorithms are developed to control the quadrotor's degrees of freedom: a linear PID controller, Gain Scheduling-based PID controller, nonlinear Sliding Mode, and Backstepping controllers. The performances of these controllers are compared through the developed simulation environment in terms of their dynamic performance, stability, and the effect of possible disturbances.
A Practical UAV Remote Sensing Methodology to Generate Multispectral Orthophotos for Vineyards
Authors: Mathews Adam J.
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the use of compact digital cameras to remotely estimate spectral reflectance based on unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. Two digital cameras, one unaltered and one altered, were used to collect four bands of spectral information (blue, green, red, and near-infrared [NIR]). The altered camera had its internal hot mirror removed to allow the sensor to be additionally sensitive to NIR. Through on-ground experimentation with spectral targets and a spectroradiometer, the sensitivity and abilities of the cameras were observed. This information along with on-site collected spectral data were used to aid in converting aerial imagery digital numbers to estimates of scaled surface reflectance using the empirical line method. The resulting images were used to create spectrally-consistent orthophotomosaics of a vineyard study site. Individual bands were subsequently validated with in situ spectroradiometer data. Results show that red and NIR bands exhibited the best fit (R2: 0.78 for red; 0.57 for NIR).
Parameter Tuning for S-ABCPK
Authors: Liu Ruilin , Wang Zhongjie , Xu Xiaofei
Published: April 2019

QoS-aware service composition problem has been drawn great attention in recent years. As an NP-hard problem, high time complexity is inevitable if global optimization algorithms (such as integer programming) are adopted. Researchers applied various evolutionary algorithms to decrease the time complexity by looking for a near-optimum solution. However, each evolutionary algorithm has two or more parameters, the values of which are to be assigned by algorithm designers and likely have impacts on the optimization results (primarily time complexity and optimality). The authors' experiments show that there are some dependencies between the features of a service composition problem, the values of an evolutionary algorithm's parameters, and the optimization results. In this article, the authors propose an improved algorithm called Service-Oriented Artificial Bee Colony algorithm considering Priori Knowledge (S-ABCPK) to solve service composition problem and focus on the S-ABCPK's parameter turning issue. The objective is to identify the potential dependency for designers of a service composition algorithm easily setting up the values of S-ABCPK parameters to obtain a preferable composition solution without many times of tedious attempts. Eight features of the service composition problem and the priori knowledge, five S-ABCPK parameters and two metrics of the final solution are identified. Based on a large volume of experiment data, S-ABCPK parameter tuning for a given service composition problem is conducted using C4.5 algorithm and the dependency between problem features and S-ABCPK parameters are established using the neural network method. An experiment on a validation dataset shows the feasibility of the approach.
Experimental Study on the Surface Roughness of 1060 Aluminum Alloy Cut by Abrasive Water Jet
Authors: Xu Qi Wen , Qiang Chi Heng , Guo Chu Wen
Published: April 2019

Through the experiment of cutting 1060 Aluminum Alloy by Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ), the surface roughness of material which is cut by AWJ is controlled by the cutting work pressure, cutting stand-off distance, cutting traverse speed and the abrasive diameter which used in AWJ. Measuring the cutting surface roughness of 1060 Aluminum Alloy by stereomicroscope and surfagauge, among the factor which can affect the surface roughness, the cutting traverse speed play a dominant role to control the surface roughness in the process of cutting. As the result of the surface roughness of 1060 Aluminum Alloy at different cutting depth is different, which can be separated in two different zones (Smooth area and Rough zone). As the result of experiment, the abrasive diameter has little effect to change the surface roughness between two different zones. The surface quality of rough zone can be improved when change the diameter of abrasive: with the diameter of abrasive increase, the surface quality of rough zone become better. A higher cutting pressure can improve the surface quality of the cutting surface of 1060 Aluminum Alloy. While increase the cutting traverse speed in the process of cutting can decrease the surface quality of 1060 Aluminum Alloy cutting surface. In a certain range, increase the cutting stand-off distance of AWJ can decrease the surface roughness of the cutting surface, and the roughness of cutting surface will change little when the stand-off distance increases to a certain extent.
Improving Process Capability of Cutting and Drilling Processes of Elevator Assembly Parts
Authors: Kanchana Rapee
Published: April 2019

Statistical process control (SPC) technique has become more and more often used for manufacturing process improvement with understanding the process and detecting the process variation. This paper presents a study from a small enterprise classified as OEM supply elevator assembly parts. A process capability study is performed for cutting and drilling processes in order to verify the process capable of consistently meeting the required specification and delivering quality products since increasing a number of rework parts. Why-why analysis was used to identify the root cause and the principles of Poka Yoke and jig & fixture design were then applied by design a measure gauge for cutting and drilling processes. After improvement, the result shows that the Cpk of cutting process increase from 0.19 to 2.72 while Cpk of drilling process also increase from 0.36 to 4.50. Since the Cpk is greater than 1.3 this means that both two processes have a capable to produce the output meet specification.
An Optimization of Small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) Image Based Scanning Techniques for Mapping Accident Sites
Authors: Carter Neal , Hashemian Alireza , Mckelvey Nathan
Published: April 2019

Small unmanned aerial systems have gained prominence in their use as tools for mapping the 3-dimensional characteristics of accident sites. Typically, the process of mapping an accident site involves taking a series of overlapping, high resolution photographs of the site, and using photogrammetric software to create a point cloud or mesh of the site. This process, known as image-based scanning, is explored and analyzed in this paper. A mock accident site was created that included a stopped vehicle, a bicycle, and a ladder. These objects represent items commonly found at accident sites. The accident site was then documented with several different unmanned aerial vehicles at differing altitudes, with differing flight patterns, and with different flight control software. The photographs taken with the unmanned aerial vehicles were then processed with photogrammetry software using different methods to scale and align the point clouds. The point cloud data produced with different vehicle / flight pattern / altitude combinations was then quantitatively compared to terrestrial LiDAR scan data. The results are presented here, as well as recommendations based on equipment and desired output.
Lawyers come from Mars, and economists come from Venus – or is it the other way round? Some thoughts on expert economic evidence in competition cases
Authors: Smith Marcus
Published: April 2019

The deployment of complex expert economic evidence is a common feature of competition litigation. However, fundamental differences in thinking between lawyers and economists may have a bearing on the content and presentation of that evidence. This article considers the respective roles of lawyers and economists in competition litigation in the High Court and the Competition Appeal Tribunal, and how those roles interlink in practice.
Vertical mergers and the vGUPPI: quantifying vertical foreclosure
Authors: Fanton Ilaria , Droukopoulos Spyros , Johnson Matthew
Published: April 2019

Competition authorities around the world have for many years used sophisticated quantitative tools to assess the likely scale of harm from horizontal mergers. More recently, vertical mergers have also been increasingly scrutinized by competition authorities using a range of quantitative tools. These tools help the authorities to quantify the incentive of the merging parties to enact vertical foreclosure strategies that would harm competition.

One of those tools, known as the vGUPPI (vertical gross upward pricing pressure index), uses the same theoretical economic framework as the quantitative assessment used in horizontal merger assessments. This article explains how the vGUPPI tool works and uses two recent merger decisions of the Competition and Markets Authority in the groceries sector as case studies.
Cauchy action on filter spaces
Authors: Rath N.
Published: April 2019

A Cauchy group (G,D,·) has a Cauchy-action on a filter space (X,C), if it acts in a compatible manner. A new filter-based method is proposed in this paper for the notion of group-action, from which the properties of this action such as transitiveness and its compatibility with various modifications of the G-space (X,C) are determined. There is a close link between the Cauchy action and the induced continuous action on the underlying G-space, which is explored here. In addition, a possible extension of a Cauchy-action to the completion of the underlying G-space is discussed. These new results confirm and generalize some of the properties of group action in a topological context.
Remarks on fixed point assertions in digital topology, 2
Authors: Boxer Laurence
Published: April 2019

Several recent papers in digital topology have sought to obtain fixed point results by mimicking the use of tools from classical topology, such as complete metric spaces. We show that in many cases, researchers using these tools have derived conclusions that are incorrect, trivial, or limited.
Existence and convergence results for a class of nonexpansive type mappings in hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Pant Rajendra , Pandey Rameshwa
Published: April 2019

We consider a wider class of nonexpansive type mappings and present some fixed point results for this class of mappingss in hyperbolic spaces. Indeed, first we obtain some existence results for this class of mappings. Next, we present some convergence results for an iteration algorithm for the same class of mappings. Some illustrative non-trivial examples have also been discussed.
Approximation of common fixed points in 2-Banach spaces with applications
Authors: Kumar D. Ramesh , Pitchaimani M.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points of a family of self-mappings satisfying generalized rational contractive condition in 2-Banach spaces. An example is included to justify our results. We approximate the common fixed point by Mann and Picard type iteration schemes. Further, an application to well-posedness of the common fixed point problem is given. The presented results generalize many known results on 2-Banach spaces.
Fixed point results concerning α-F-contraction mappings in metric spaces
Authors: Dey Lakshmi Kanta , Kumam Poom , Senapati Tanusri
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we introduce the notions of generalized α-F-contraction and modified generalized α-F-contraction. Then, we present sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of fixed points for the above kind of contractions. Necessarily, our results generalize and unify several results of the existing literature. Some examples are presented to substantiate the usability of our obtained results.
Contrasting local and long-range-transported warm ice-nucleating particles during an atmospheric river in coastal California, USA
Authors: Martin Andrew C. , Cornwell Gavin , Beall Charlotte M. , Cannon Forest , Reilly Sean , Schaap Bas , Lucero Dolan , Creamean Jessie , Ralph F. Martin , Mix Hari T. , Prather Kimberly
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) have been found to influence the
amount, phase and efficiency of precipitation from winter storms, including
atmospheric rivers. Warm INPs, those that initiate freezing at temperatures
warmer than −10 ∘C, are thought to be particularly impactful
because they can create primary ice in mixed-phase clouds, enhancing
precipitation efficiency. The dominant sources of warm INPs during atmospheric
rivers, the role of meteorology in modulating transport and injection of warm
INPs into atmospheric river clouds, and the impact of warm INPs on mixed-phase
cloud properties are not well-understood. In this case study, time-resolved
precipitation samples were collected during an atmospheric river in northern
California, USA, during winter 2016. Precipitation samples were collected at
two sites, one coastal and one inland, which are separated by about 35 km.
The sites are sufficiently close that air mass sources during this storm were
almost identical, but the inland site was exposed to terrestrial sources of
warm INPs while the coastal site was not. Warm INPs were more numerous in
precipitation at the inland site by an order of magnitude. Using FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle
dispersion model) dispersion modeling and radar-derived cloud vertical structure, we detected
influence from terrestrial INP sources at the inland site but did not find
clear evidence of marine warm INPs at either site. We episodically detected
warm INPs from long-range-transported sources at both sites. By extending the
FLEXPART modeling using a meteorological reanalysis, we demonstrate that
long-range-transported warm INPs were observed only when the upper
tropospheric jet provided transport to cloud tops. Using radar-derived
hydrometeor classifications, we demonstrate that hydrometeors over the
terrestrially influenced inland site were more likely to be in the ice phase
for cloud temperatures between 0 and −10 ∘C. We thus conclude that
terrestrial and long-range-transported aerosol were important sources of warm
INPs during this atmospheric river. Meteorological details such as transport
mechanism and cloud structure were important in determining (i) warm INP source
and injection temperature and (ii) ultimately the impact of warm INPs on
mixed-phase cloud properties.
MAgPIE 4 – a modular open-source framework for modeling global land systems
Authors: Dietrich Jan Philipp , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Humpenöder Florian , Weindl Isabelle , Stevanović Miodrag , Karstens Kristine , Kreidenweis Ulrich , Wang Xiaoxi , Mishra Abhijeet , Klein David , Ambrósio Geanderson , Araujo Ewerton , Yalew Amsalu Woldie , Baumstark Lavinia , Wirth Stephen , Giannousakis Anastasis , Beier Felicitas , Chen David Meng-Chuen , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The open-source modeling framework MAgPIE (Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment) combines economic and biophysical approaches to simulate spatially explicit global scenarios of land use within the 21st century and the respective interactions with the environment. Besides various other projects, it was used to simulate marker scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and contributed substantially to multiple IPCC assessments. However, with growing scope and detail, the non-linear model has become increasingly complex, computationally intensive and non-transparent, requiring structured approaches to improve the development and evaluation of the model.Here, we provide an overview on version 4 of MAgPIE and how it addresses these issues of increasing complexity using new technical features: modular structure with exchangeable module implementations, flexible spatial resolution, in-code documentation, automatized code checking, model/output evaluation and open accessibility. Application examples provide insights into model evaluation, modular flexibility and region-specific analysis approaches. While this paper is focused on the general framework as such, the publication is accompanied by a detailed model documentation describing contents and equations, and by model evaluation documents giving insights into model performance for a broad range of variables.With the open-source release of the MAgPIE 4 framework, we hope to contribute to more transparent, reproducible and collaborative research in the field. Due to its modularity and spatial flexibility, it should provide a basis for a broad range of land-related research with economic or biophysical, global or regional focus.
A new approach to mapping landslide hazards: a probabilistic integration of empirical and process-based models in the North Cascades of Washington, U.S.A.
Authors: Strauch Ronda , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Riedel Jon
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We developed a new approach for mapping landslide hazard by combining probabilities of landslide impact derived from a data-driven statistical approach and process-based model of shallow landsliding. Our statistical approach integrates the influence of seven site attributes on observed landslides using a frequency ratio method. Influential attributes and resulting susceptibility maps depend on the observations of landslides considered: all types of landslides, debris avalanches only, or source areas of debris avalanches. These observational datasets reflect the capture of different landslide processes or components, which relate to different landslide-inducing factors. Slopes greater than 35° are more frequently associated with landslide initiation, while higher landslide hazards at gentler slopes (< 30°) reflect depositional processes from observations of all landslide types or debris avalanches. Source areas are associated with mid to high elevations (1,400 to 1,800 m), where they are linked to ecosystem transition (e.g., forest to barren), while all landslides types and debris avalanches show increasing frequency in lower elevations (< 1,200 m). Slope is a key attribute in the initiation of landslides, while lithology is mainly linked to transport and depositional processes. East (west) aspect is a positive (negative) landslide-influencing factor, likely due to differences in forest cover and associated root cohesion, and evapotranspiration. The empirical model probability derived from debris avalanche source area is combined probabilistically with a previously developed processed-based probabilistic model to produce an integrated probability of landslide hazard for initiation that includes mechanisms not captured by the infinite slope stability model. We apply our approach in North Cascades National Park Complex in Washington, USA, to provide multiple landslide hazard maps that land managers can use for planning and decision making, as well as educating the public about hazards from landslides in this remote high-relief terrain.
Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the western Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cook Joseph M. , Tedstone Andrew J. , Williamson Christopher , McCutcheon Jenine , Hodson Andrew J. , Dayal Archana , Skiles McKenzie , Hofer Stefan , Bryant Robert , McAree Owen , McGonigle Andrew , Ryan Jonathan , Anesio Alexandre M. , Irvine-Fynn Tristram D. L. , Hubbard Alun , Hanna Edward , Flanner Mark , Mayanna Sathish , Benning Liane G. , van As Dirk , Yallop Marian , McQuaid Jim , Gribbin Thomas , Tranter Martyn
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the largest single contributor to eustatic sea level and is amplified by the growth of pigmented algae on the ice surface that increase solar radiation absorption. This biological albedo reducing effect and its impact upon sea level rise has not previously been quantified. Here, we combine field spectroscopy with a novel radiative transfer model, supervised classification of UAV and satellite remote sensing data and runoff modelling to calculate biologically-driven ice surface ablation and compare it to the albedo reducing effects of local mineral dust. We demonstrate that algal growth led to an additional 5.5–8.0 Gt of runoff from the western sector of the GrIS in summer 2016, representing 6–9 % of the total. Our analysis confirms the importance of the biological albedo feedback and that its omission from predictive models leads to the systematic underestimation of Greenland’s future sea level contribution, especially because both the bare ice zones available for algal colonization and the length of the active growth season are set to expand in the future.
Beyond Honour and Achieved Hegemony: Violence and the Everyday Masculinities of Young Men
Authors: Tomsen Stephen , Gadd David
Published: April 2019

Mainstream criminology has stressed the importance of flawed notions of personal honour among disadvantaged and minority group men in interactive social disputes that escalate into serious violence. Recent gender studies and critical criminology have been concerned with wider structures of power and the links between hegemonic masculinity and violence directed against women or occurring between men. Our focus group study of views about violence among a mixed cohort of young men suggests the relevance of both these approaches as causal explanations. Nevertheless, violence was also narrated and understood through the sharp moral distinctions between illegitimate and wrongful enactments, and idealised accounts of violent events as measured, fair and just. Anti-violence initiatives need to anticipate the shifting ways by which young men distance themselves and their own violence from negative meanings, along with a continuing belief in a category of male violence that they deem legitimate, admirable, or even heroic.
Aggregations of the opaque: Rethinking datafication and e-waste
Authors: Hoyng Rolien
Published: April 2019

This paper points to phenomena that are undeniably intrinsic to the datafied society, yet that themselves belie the dream/nightmare of total control through datafication: electronic waste (e-waste) and its recycling. In recycling industries and reverse logistics, invisibility, opacity, and uncertainty persist despite worldwide networks of surveillance, datafication, and algorithmic calculation. Mobilizing different technologies from RFID to big data, data assemblages enact particular regimes of visibility that cohere three “gazes”: security’s gaze, efficiency’s gaze, and speculation’s gaze. Yet along with these gazes come various forms of sightlessness, which I frame respectively as “blind eye,” “blind spot,” and “blindsight.” Looking at datafication through e-waste teaches us that critique should not start from the presumption of increasingly all-encompassing datafication, but instead analyze the (constitutive) limitations and (productive) excesses at stake in data assemblages.
Euler type integral operator involving k-Mittag-Leffler function
Authors: Khan Waseem Ahmad , Nisar Koottakkaran Sooppy , Ahmad Moin
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with a Euler type integral operator involving k-Mittag-Leffler function defined by Gupta and Parihar [8]. Furthermore, some special cases are also taken into consideration.
Effects of Diuron Residues on the Growth Performance of Jute (Corchorus. olitorius) Plant and Its Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Population
Authors: Adejoro Solomon A. , Adegaye Ajoke C. , Aladesanwa Rex D.
Published: April 2019

Soil applied herbicides may persist to adversely affect rotational crops as well as perturb soil microbiological functions. This experiment therefore aimed at determining the effects of soil residual activity of diuron (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea) on Corchorus olitorius plants and on soil microbial population. Diuron herbicide was applied to potted soils at varying times of 12, 9, 6, 3 and zero weeks before planting Corchorus olitorius. Seed germination, seedling mortality, plant growth as well as soil microbial populations were determined. Results indicated that diuron, regardless of time of application significantly reduced growth parameters of C. olitorius plants few days after emergence, and this was followed by 100% die-back in the herbicide treated pots. Results further showed a reduction in soil microbial population with diuron application, and the reduction was inversely related to time of diuron application before sowing C. olitorius. Sensitive vegetables such as C. olitorius should not be sown to succeed a short season crop in which diuron had been applied to control weeds at the usual recommended rate of 3.0 kg a.i/ha. Allowance of a fallow period following the first crop might also help the soil microbial community to recover from diuron toxicity.
Femtosecond Laser Structuring of Materials: A Review
Authors: Amoako George
Published: April 2019

In this review the interaction between femtosecond laser and matter with emphasis on silicon and some metals have been appraised. For silicon, spikes are produced as a result of interaction in the presence of background gas such as SF6, or H2S with an appropriate background pressure, but spikes are not formed in the presence N2 or air. The formation of the spikes increase the infrared light absorption of silicon to near unity. Interaction of femtosecond laser with metals form periodic surface structures that make the metals exhibit many different morphological characteristics. This processing technique allows the creation of a variety of colors on a metal that ultimately lead to control of its optical properties from UV to terahertz. From the assessment made, the potential of femtosecond laser structuring of materials for cost-effective nano-manufacturing is high.
Valuable habitats of protected areas in southern Poland – a source of rare and poorly known diatom species
Authors: Noga Teresa
Published: April 2019

The peatbogs and natural upper sections of streams in national parks in southeastern Poland represent unique study areas for research on freshwater diatom diversity. During studies conducted on diatoms in three Polish national parks, many little-known, very rare, and endangered species were noted. For most of the taxa presented in this article, especially from the Adlafia, Eunotia, and Placogeia genera, only single individuals have been observed, and only from a few localities worldwide. Moreover, this is the first presentation of SEM photodocumentation and descriptions for Eunotia minutula Grunow and Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D. G. Mann. Based on both light and scanning electron microscopy, detailed descriptions of morphological characteristics, ecological notes, and new localities are presented for the following species: Adlafia langebertalotii Monnier & Ector, Caloneis undulata (Gregory) Krammer, Eunotia fennica (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot, E. glacialifalsa Lange-Bertalot, E. groenlandica (Grunow) Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bertalot, E. minutula Grunow, E. neocompacta Mayama var. neocompacta, E. superpaludosa Lange-Bertalot, Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D. G. Mann, Pinnularia rhombarea Krammer, P. similiformis Krammer, Placogeia gereckei (Cantonati & Lange-Bertalot) Bukhtiyarova, and Sellaphora vitabunda (Hustedt) D. G. Mann.
The comparability of IFRS statements of cash flows in Poland. The influence of national regulations
Authors: Łazarowicz Edyta
Published: April 2019

This paper analyses the comparability of the structure and content of IFRS consolidated statements of cash flows within Polish listed companies and the influence of national accounting rules on these statements. Two research methods have been used: a literature review and an analysis of the content of financial statements. It has been found that there are small differences in the structure and content of IFRS consolidated statements of cash flows in Poland. The results indicate that the options in IAS 7 and the lack of an obligatory format of the IFRS statement of cash flows do not significantly reduce the comparability of these statements in Polish practice. Moreover, it has been observed that Polish listed companies follow national regulations only in some aspects for which IAS 7 provides options or has no regulations at all. The findings of this study may be relevant for standard setters, in particular, the current IASB Primary Financial Statements project, for users of financial reporting, and for academics for future research.
I Cannot Get It into My Heart So Strongly
Authors: Nickel Justin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

According to a common interpretation, Martin Luther holds that pride is humanity’s basic sin. This account of sin has occasioned numerous feminist critiques. In this paper, I argue against this reading. I contend that unbelief, which can take the form of either pride or despair, is the central issue in Luther’s moral psychology. This shift from pride to unbelief means that Luther’s moral psychology could be helpful to the work of Christian feminists.