bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micropropagation of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) SW., A Medicinal Orchid by Artificial Seeds Technology
Authors: Pradhan Shreeti , Tiruwa Babu Lal , Subedee Bijay R , Pant Bijaya
Published: January 2018

Artificial seed technology is a rapidly growing area of research in plant cell and tissue culture. Application of this technology opens an alternative route for mass scale production, efficient delivery of cloned plantlets and fulfils the increasing demand of local growers. An attempt was made to produce artificial seeds and their subsequent regeneration of a highly valuable medicinal orchid of Nepal i.e. Cymbidium aloifolium. Artificial seeds were obtained through encapsulation of protocorms in calcium alginate beads. Protocorms were encapsulated by using 3% sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride solution. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (1962) was used as the basal medium for in vitro germination and seedling development of artificial seed. In Cymbidium aloifolium, 20-25 days old in vitro grown protocorms were used for production of artificial seeds. Artificial seeds were inoculated on two different culture conditions of MS medium i.e. MS solid & MS liquid with four different treatments i.e. strength of 1.0, ½, ¼ and MS media supplemented with plant growth regulators viz. BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). Highest percentage of germination (100%) and plantlet conversion was found on hormone free full strength (1.0 MS) of MS liquid medium after 13-14 weeks of culture. Plantlets regenerated from artificial seeds with well developed shoot and root systems were successfully acclimatized in potting mixture of cocopeat, litter and sphagnum moss in a ratio 2:1:1.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 42-48
The Water Footprint of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Bikram , Khadka Udhab Raj
Published: January 2018

The water footprint is consumption-based indicator of water use. Water footprint is defined as the total volume of both indirect and the direct freshwater used for producing goods and services consumed by individuals or inhabitants of community. There are many studies regarding the direct water use but studies incorporating both direct and indirect water use is deficient. This study tries to estimate total volume of water based on the consumption pattern of different commodities by individuals of Kathmandu Metropolitan city using extended water footprint calculator. The average water footprint of individuals appears to be 1145.52 m3/yr. The indirect and direct water footprint appears to be 1070.82 Mm3/yr and 46.59 Mm3/yr respectively which cumulatively give the total water footprint of Kathmandu Metropolitan City of 1117.40 Mm3/yr. This volume is equal to 2.27 times the annual flow the River Bagmati. The indirect water footprint includes food water footprint of 1055.60 Mm3/yr or 2.14 times the annual flow and industrial water use of 15.22 Mm3/yr or 0.03 times the annual flow while the direct water footprint includes domestic water use of 46.59 Mm3/yr or 0.09 times the annual flow. In food water footprint, cereals consumption shared the highest contribution of 34.82% followed by meat consumption with share of 32.62% in total water footprint. Per capita per day water use of inhabitants appears to be 3138 liters which includes water use in food items of 2965 liters, industrial water use of 43 liters and domestic water use of 131 liters. The per capita per day domestic water use is 90 liters more than supplement of 41 liters by the water operator of Kathmandu Valley. Per capita per day domestic water use is already 5 liters more than expected improvement in water supplement of 126 liters per capita per day in 2025 after accomplishment of Melamchi water project. And, it is expected to increase further observing the rapid urbanization of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. The study showed water footprint of individuals is directly related to food consumption behavior, life style and services used therefore it is necessary to initiate water offsetting measures at individual level and water operator to find environmentally sustainable alternatives along with ongoing water project to fulfill demand. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 73-80
Wild Edible Fruits of Palpa District, West Nepal
Authors: Mahato Ras Bihari
Published: January 2018

This paper documents the wild edible fruits of tropical and subtropical forest of Palpa District, West Nepal. Thirty-seven plant species under 17 families and 27 genera were identifi ed as wild edible fruit. Over 86% percent of them were trees and shrubs (32 species), 11% herbs (4 species) and the remaining 3% (1 species) woody climbers. Moraceae (9 species), Rosaceae (7 species), Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Combretaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Rutaceae (2 species each) were the most common families constituting about 75.7% of edible plants. The remaining 24.3% (9 species) of edible plants were distributed among 9 families and 9 genera. A considerable number of wild fruits are sold in market. These are Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus lakoocha, Choerospondias axillaris, Myrica esculenta, Phoenix humilis, Phyllanthus emblica, Prunus persica, Pyracantha crenulata, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Zanthoxylum armatum and Zizyphus mauritiana. Medicinal uses of some major economically important fruits are also documented.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 127-136
Wetland Plants and their Local Uses: Observations from Rampur Ghol, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Dangol Dharmqa Raj , Gautam Birendra , Oli Bam Bahadur
Published: January 2018

This paper is based on the study of wetland plant resources of Rampur Ghol conducted from 2012 to 2014. This paper documents 117 plant species belonging to 39 families and 92 genera in the area. Dicot species (60 spp.) dominated over the monocots (53 spp.) and pteridophytes (4 spp.). The dominant family was the Poaceae (21 spp.) followed by Cyperaceae (14 spp.), Asteraceae (10 spp.), Scrophulariaceae (8 spp.), Polygonaceae (5 spp.)and Acanthaceae (4 spp.). By life form, emergent species were highest (86%) compared to submerged (6%), rooted floating leaved plants (6%) and free floating plants (2%). These plants had use value of medicine, food (for human, domestic animals, and fish), fuel energy, artifacts, etc. Realizing its contribution along with useful plants, Rampur Ghol area should be conserved for learning and recreation purposes.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 142-159
Estimation of Above Ground Forest Biomass and Carbon Stock by Integrating Lidar, Satellite Image and Field Measurement in Nepal
Authors: Kandel Pem Narayan
Published: January 2018

For the first time in South Asia, the model-based Lidar Assisted Multisource Program (LAMP) was tested in 23500 km2 TAL area of Nepal by integrating 5% LiDAR sampling, wall-to-wall Rapid Eye satellite image and a representative field inventory to estimate Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and carbon stock. The average 1.26/m2LiDAR point density recorded by the scanner was used to measure canopy height and build a model using LiDAR variables and model coefficients. The developed LAMP model successfully estimated the AGB of the study area. The research tells that the study area comprises almost 50% forest cover with an average 211.63 t/ha AGB.Standing carbon stock was converted from AGB by multiplying the 0.47 which is default carbon fraction. Average standing carbon stock is 99.47 t/ha in the study area. The LAMP method found that the standing total AGB was 214.85-208.41 t/ha at a 95% confidence level and the FRA field-plot AGB estimate is 210.09/ha. This correspondence at this level of confidence means that the LAMP estimates are as accurate as those of the field-based inventory.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 160-170
Observation of Taxonomic Features of A Terrestrial Algae Oedocladium Terrestre Biswas (Chlorophyceae) With Soil Analysis From West Bengal, India
Authors: Halder Nilu
Published: January 2018

In the present paper, a brief description along with valuable information of Oedocladium terrestre Biswas, a member of Oedogoniales of Chlorophyta, has been provided. This species was collected from a velvety green patches on damp soil at Jirat of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. The bending of mature oogonium downwardly was an interesting feature that might be due to easy entry for gametes within this female structure. This character is appeared to be an ecological adaptation for terrestrial habitat. In addition to that, presence of narrower rhizoids in the thallus that helps penetrating, anchoring and absorbing water and mineral contents from soil also supported the terrestrial adaptation of this taxon. This is a rare algal taxon. The soil analysis of the algal distribution site showed the following features as: sand (36.1%), silt (28.1%), clay (35.8%), pH (7.1), EC (0.154 dSm-1), OC (6.7 mgkg-1), Ca2+ (4.8 cmol+kg-1), Na+ (0.72 cmol+kg-1), K+ (0.16 cmol+kg-1), WHC (47%) and total S (98.2 mgkg-1).J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015,, Page: 1-8
Prognostic factors for progression in atypical meningioma
Authors: Shakir Shakir I. , Souhami Luis , Petrecca Kevin , Mansure Jose João , Singh Khushdeep , Panet-Raymond Valerie , Shenouda George , Al-Odaini Amal A. , Abdulkarim Bassam , Guiot Marie-Christine
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

The optimal adjuvant management for atypical meningiomas remains controversial. The aim of this study was to review long-term outcomes to identify potential prognostic factors for disease progression.

METHODS

From August 1992 to August 2013, 70 patients with atypical meningioma were treated at the authors’ institution. Pathology revision was performed based on WHO 2007 criteria. Patients with multiple tumors, neurofibromatosis Type 2, or inadequate imaging follow-up were not eligible. The authors performed pre- and postoperative serial measurements of tumor volume from MRI. Age, sex, tumor location, bone involvement, brain invasion, mitotic figures, preoperative disease volume, extent of resection, tumor growth rates, use of adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy (PORT), and residual tumor volume at the time of radiation therapy (RT) were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis to determine their potential impact on disease progression.

RESULTS

Forty patients (57%) underwent gross-total resection (GTR) and 30 (43%) underwent subtotal resection (STR). PORT was delivered to 12 patients (30%) with a GTR and in only 4 (13%) with an STR. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate for patients in the GTR group with or without PORT was 100% and 54.1%, respectively (p = 0.0058). PFS for patients in the STR group with or without PORT was 75% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.0026). On multivariate analysis, STR and PORT were the only independent significant prognostic factors for disease progression with hazard ratios of 5.4873 (95% CI 2.19–13.72, p = 0.0003) and 0.0464 (95% CI 0.0059–0.364, p = 0.0035), respectively. Based on Youden’s index statistic, a cutoff residual tumor volume of more than 8.76 cm3 at the time of RT was associated with worse PFS (13.6% vs 56%, p = 0.0079). Before receiving RT, the median relative and absolute growth rates and tumor doubling time for patients were 124.2%/year, 4.8 cm3/year, and 1.67 years, respectively. These indices changed after RT to 0.245%/year, −0.09 cm3/year, and −0.005 year, respectively (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In atypical meningioma, the use of PORT is associated with improved PFS even in patients who undergo GTR. Patients with residual tumor volume larger than 8.76 cm3 have an increased risk of disease progression and should be considered for early RT.
A novel approach to 32-channel peripheral nervous system myelin imaging in vivo, with single axon resolution
Authors: Grochmal Joey , Teo Wulin , Gambhir Hardeep , Kumar Ranjan , Stratton Jo Anne , Dhaliwal Raveena , Brideau Craig , Biernaskie Jeff , Stys Peter K. , Midha Rajiv
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Intravital spectral imaging of the large, deeply situated nerves in the rat peripheral nervous system (PNS) has not been well described. Here, the authors have developed a highly stable platform for performing imaging of the tibial nerve in live rodents, thus allowing the capture of high-resolution, high-magnification spectral images requiring long acquisition times. By further exploiting the qualities of the topically applied myelin dye Nile red, this technique is capable of visualizing the detailed microenvironment of peripheral nerve demyelination injury and recovery, while allowing us to obtain images of exogenous Schwann cell myelination in a living animal.

METHODS

The authors caused doxorubicin-induced focal demyelination in the tibial nerves of 25 Thy-1 GFP rats, of which 2 subsets (n = 10 each) received either BFP-labeled SKP-SCs or SCs to the zone of injury. Prior to acquiring images of myelin recovery in these nerves, a tibial nerve window was constructed using a silicone hemitube, a fast drying silicone polymer, and a small coverslip. This construct was then affixed to a 3D-printed nerve stage, which in turn was affixed to an external fixation/microscope stage device. Myelin visualization was facilitated by the topical application of Nile red.

RESULTS

The authors reliably demonstrated intravital peripheral nerve myelin imaging with micron-level resolution and magnification, and minimal movement artifact. The detailed microenvironment of nerve remyelination can be vividly observed, while exogenously applied Schwann cells and skin-derived precursor Schwann cells can be seen myelinating axons.

CONCLUSIONS

Topically applied Nile red enables intravital study of myelin in the living rat PNS. Furthermore, the use of a tibial nerve window facilitates stable intravital peripheral nerve imaging, making possible high-definition spectral imaging with long acquisition times.
Brain tissue Aβ42 levels are linked to shunt response in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Abu Hamdeh Sami , Virhammar Johan , Sehlin Dag , Alafuzoff Irina , Cesarini Kristina Giuliana , Marklund Niklas
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

The authors conducted a study to test if the cortical brain tissue levels of soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) reflect the propensity of cortical Aβ aggregate formation and may be an additional factor predicting surgical outcome following idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) treatment.

METHODS

Highly selective ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) were used to quantify soluble Aβ40, Aβ42, and neurotoxic Aβ oligomers/protofibrils, associated with Aβ aggregation, in cortical biopsy samples obtained in patients with iNPH (n = 20), sampled during ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative (3-month) clinical assessment with a modified iNPH scale. The preoperative CSF biomarkers and the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ species in cortical biopsy samples were analyzed for their association with a favorable outcome following the VP shunt procedure, defined as a ≥ 5-point increase in the iNPH scale.

RESULTS

The brain tissue levels of Aβ42 were negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42 (Spearman’s r = −0.53, p < 0.05). The Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ oligomer/protofibril levels in cortical biopsy samples were higher in patients with insoluble cortical Aβ aggregates (p < 0.05). The preoperative CSF Aβ42 levels were similar in patients responding (n = 11) and not responding (n = 9) to VP shunt treatment at 3 months postsurgery. In contrast, the presence of cortical Aβ aggregates and high brain tissue Aβ42 levels were associated with a poor outcome following VP shunt treatment (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Brain tissue measurements of soluble Aβ species are feasible. Since high Aβ42 levels in cortical biopsy samples obtained in patients with iNPH indicated a poor surgical outcome, tissue levels of Aβ species may be associated with the clinical response to shunt treatment.
Human genetics and molecular mechanisms of vein of Galen malformation
Authors: Duran Daniel , Karschnia Philipp , Gaillard Jonathan R. , Karimy Jason K. , Youngblood Mark W. , DiLuna Michael L. , Matouk Charles C. , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Smith Edward R. , Orbach Darren B. , Rodesch Georges , Berenstein Alejandro , Gunel Murat , Kahle Kristopher T.
Published: January 2018

Vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs) are rare developmental cerebrovascular lesions characterized by fistulas between the choroidal circulation and the median prosencephalic vein. Although the treatment of VOGMs has greatly benefited from advances in endovascular therapy, including technical innovation in interventional neuroradiology, many patients are recalcitrant to procedural intervention or lack accessibility to specialized care centers, highlighting the need for improved screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics. A fundamental obstacle to identifying novel targets is the limited understanding of VOGM molecular pathophysiology, including its human genetics, and the lack of an adequate VOGM animal model. Herein, the known human mutations associated with VOGMs are reviewed to provide a framework for future gene discovery. Gene mutations have been identified in 2 Mendelian syndromes of which VOGM is an infrequent but associated phenotype: capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation syndrome (RASA1) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (ENG and ACVRL1). However, these mutations probably represent only a small fraction of all VOGM cases. Traditional genetic approaches have been limited in their ability to identify additional causative genes for VOGM because kindreds are rare, limited in patient number, and/or seem to have sporadic inheritance patterns, attributable in part to incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability. The authors hypothesize that the apparent sporadic occurrence of VOGM may frequently be attributable to de novo mutation or incomplete penetrance of rare transmitted variants. Collaboration among treating physicians, patients’ families, and investigators using next-generation sequencing could lead to the discovery of novel genes for VOGM. This could improve the understanding of normal vascular biology, elucidate the pathogenesis of VOGM and possibly other more common arteriovenous malformation subtypes, and pave the way for advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with VOGM.
RETRACTED: miR-34 increases in vitro PANC-1 cell sensitivity to gemcitabine via targeting Slug/PUMA
Authors: Zhang Qing-An , Yang Xu-Hai , Chen Dong , Yan Xiang , Jing Fu-Chun , Liu Hong-Qian , Zhang Ronghua
Published: January 2018

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTION”. The retraction notice is available at http://doi.org/10.3233/CBM219903
Modelling the financial contribution of soccer players to their clubs
Authors: Sæbø Olav Drivenes , Hvattum Lars Magnus
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a framework for evaluating the financial consequences of player transfers as seen from a club’s perspective. To this end, an objective player rating model is designed based on players’ contribution towards creating a positive goals differential for their team. A regression model is then applied to predict match outcomes as a function of the players involved in a match. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict the final league standings and the financial gains obtained as a function of sporting success. The framework is illustrated on player transfers from the 2014-2015 English Premier League season.
Settlement dynamics of the Kura-Araxes culture: An overview of the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age in the Khoda Afarin Plain, North-Western Iran
Authors: Maziar Sepideh
Published: January 2018

The question of continuity or discontinuity between the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age is still unresolved and the formative phase of the Kura-Araxes culture remains elusive. This paper suggests that combined study of the settlement dynamics and the material culture of these two periods will provide a more complete perspective that includes the underlying effects of environmental factors, and socio-economic forms of organization. Such investigation would enhance our perception of the Kura-Araxes phenomenon. To understand the nature and dynamics of the Kura-Araxes horizon in North-Western Iran we have to go back into the Late Chalcolithic period, even if we see no relation or continuation between these two periods, given the fact that cultures are not formed in a vacuum.

In this regard, we should investigate the nature of successive occupations of a region and the forms of their interaction.
Kura-Araxes culture and North-Western Iran: New perspectives from Kul Tepe Jolfa (Hadishahr)
Authors: Abedi Akbar , Omrani Behrooz
Published: January 2018

The Kura-Araxes culture is well attested in North-Western Iran but the nearly total absence of 14C dates makes the study of the development of this culture in the region somewhat problematic. Given the importance of Kura-Araxes materials from Kul Tepe near Jolfa (Hadishahr), we will briefly describe the main stratigraphic, architectural and artifactual data from this site which produced materials from Late Chalcolithic, Kura-Araxes I, II and III phases. The radiocarbon dates of the different phases of this stratigraphic sequence create a new chronological framework for the development of the Kura-Araxes culture in North-Western Iran.
On the agriculture and vegetal food economy of Kura-Araxes culture in the South Caucasus
Authors: Hovsepyan Roman
Published: January 2018

L’agriculture de la culture Kura-Araxe constitua la première phase d’une période de plus de 2500 ans (du Bronze ancien au Fer ancien) où les cultures étaient caractérisées par une prédominance et parfois même une présence exclusive de céréales. Bien que plusieurs douzaines de sites du Bronze ancien aient été étudiés, très peu de restes (et parfois aucun reste) de plantes oléagineuses et de légumineuses cultivées ont été retrouvés. Les changements environnementaux globaux qui se sont produits au début du Bronze ancien ont sans doute joué un rôle majeur dans la transformation de l’agriculture dans le sud du Caucase vers une forme spécialisée dans la culture de quelques céréales résistantes. Mais il semble que le rôle décisif dans la spécialisation de l’agriculture Kura-Araxe soit le facteur humain, puisque les légumineuses et les plantes oléagineuses auraient pu être cultivées avec les céréales, dans les mêmes conditions, sur les piémonts et dans les plaines, alors que ce ne fut pas le cas.
A question of identity: Is the earliest Neolithic burial from Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria, possibly a foundation burial?
Authors: Molleson Theya , Arnold-Forster Theo
Published: January 2018

Le contexte stratigraphique et la morphologie dentaire de l’inhumation Tr. E72.501, à Abu Hureyra, sont examinés afin de déterminer si la sépulture doit être attribuée à la fin de l’Épipaléolithique (Mésolithique/ Natoufien) ou au Néolithique. Une ensevelissement secondaire a été observé lors de la fouille en profondeur de la tranchée E, qui a atteint le niveau épipaléolithique qui avait été abandonné. Les dimensions des couronnes dentaires ne se distinguaient pas des autres dents de la tranchée E ; la forme des racines des molaires et la santé dentaire peuvent être associées à des dentitions néolithiques. Il pourrait s’agir alors de la première inhumation néolithique et il est suggéré que c’était une sépulture de fondation pour l’installation du nouvel habitat.
Qarassa North Tell, Southern Syria: The Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic sequence. A few lights against a dark background
Authors: Godon Martin , Baldi Johnny Samuele , Ghanem Gh. , Ibáñez Juan José , Braemer Frank
Published: January 2018

L’absence de sites fouillés représentant les périodes néolithique céramique et chalcolithique en Syrie du sud a rendu difficile jusqu’à présent la mise en relation des mondes de la Syrie centrale et du Levant sud. Les niveaux les plus récents du tell nord du site de Qarassa (province de Suweida, Syrie méridionale), fouillés de 2007 à 2010, fournissent une séquence d’occupations représentant ces périodes entre le dernier quart du vie millénaire et la première moitié du ive millénaire av. notre ère. Cette séquence est présentée par phases architecturales et horizons céramiques, avec l’analyse des structures qui marquent certaines de ces occupations. Le matériel céramique, principal témoin chrono-culturel, est décrit en détail dans une étude techno-typologique et inséré dans le contexte global du Levant.
Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam
Authors: Berger Luisa , Madajska Katarzyna , Szymanska Iwona B , Höflich Katja , Polyakov Mikhail N , Jurczyk Jakub , Guerra-Nuñez Carlos , Utke Ivo
Published: January 2018

Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a flexible direct-write method to obtain defined structures with a high lateral resolution. In order to use this technique in application fields such as plasmonics, suitable precursors which allow the deposition of desired materials have to be identified. Well known for its plasmonic properties, silver represents an interesting candidate for FEBID. For this purpose the carboxylate complex silver(I) pentafluoropropionate (AgO2CC2F5) was used for the first time in FEBID and resulted in deposits with high silver content of up to 76 atom %. As verified by TEM investigations, the deposited material is composed of pure silver crystallites in a carbon matrix. It showed good electrical properties and a strong Raman signal enhancement. Interestingly, silver crystal growth presents a strong dependency on electron dose and precursor refreshment.
Nucleophilic fluoroalkylation/cyclization route to fluorinated phthalides
Authors: Inaba Masanori , Sakai Tatsuya , Shinada Shun , Sugiishi Tsuyuka , Nishina Yuta , Shibata Norio , Amii Hideki
Published: January 2018

Discribed in this article is a versatile and practical method for the synthesis of C3-perfluoroalkyl-substituted phthalides in a one-pot manner. Upon treatment of KF or triethylamine, 2-cyanobenzaldehyde reacted with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes via nucleophilic addition and subsequent intramolecular cyclization to give perfluoroalkylphthalides in good yields.
Absolute Photoionization Cross Section for Fe6+ to Fe10+ Ions in the Photon Energy Region of the 2p–3d Resonance Lines
Authors: Blancard C. , Cubaynes D. , Guilbaud S. , Bizau J.-M.
Published: January 2018

Resonant single photoionization cross sections of Fen+ (n = 6 to 10) ions have been measured in absolute values using a merged-beams setup at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. Photon energies were between about 710 and 780 eV, covering the range of the 2p–3d transitions. The experimental cross sections are compared to calculations we performed using a multi-configuration Dirac–Fock code and the OPAS code dedicated to radiative opacity calculations. Comparisons are also done with the Chandra X-ray observatory NGC 3783 spectra and with the results of previously published calculations.
Near-infrared to Mid-infrared Observations of Galaxy Mergers: NGC 2782 and NGC 7727
Authors: Onaka Takashi , Nakamura Tomohiko , Sakon Itsuki , Wu Ronin , Ohsawa Ryou , Kaneda Hidehiro , Lebouteiller Vianney , Roellig Thomas L.
Published: January 2018

We present the results of near-infrared-to-mid-infrared (NIR-to-MIR) imaging and NIR spectroscopic observations of two galaxy mergers, NGC 2782 (Arp 215) and NGC 7727 (Arp 222), with the Infrared Camera on board AKARI. NGC 2782 shows extended MIR emission in the eastern side of the galaxy, which corresponds to the eastern tidal tail seen in the H i 21 cm map, while NGC 7727 shows extended MIR emission in the north of the galaxy, which is similar to the plumes seen in the residual image at the K-band after subtracting a galaxy model. Both extended structures are thought to have formed in association with their merger events. They show excess emission at 7–15 μm, which can be attributed to emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) decline longward of 24 μm, suggesting that very small grains (VSGs) are deficient. These characteristics of the observed MIR SED may be explained if PAHs are formed by fragmentation of VSGs during merger events. The star formation rate is estimated from the MIR PAH emission in the eastern tail region of NGC 2782 and it is in fair agreement with those estimated from Hα and [C ii] 158 μm. MIR observations are efficient for the study of dust processing and structures formed during merger events.
L’art du montage
Authors: Atherton Claire
Published: January 2018

Résumé Cinéma
Les collectivités territoriales et leurs musées dans le cadre de la loi relative aux musées de France
Authors: Bosseboeuf Claire
Published: January 2018

La loi du 4 janvier 2002 relative aux musées de France a consacré la vocation de service public des musées, issus d’une tradition historique qui implique que ceux-ci sont à majorité gérés par des personnes publiques. Or, si l’État s’est toujours imposé comme l’autorité référente en matière de musée, il existe aujourd’hui plus de 1 200 musées gérés par les collectivités territoriales. Ces dernières se sont investies très tôt dans ce domaine, dans le cadre de relations parfois conflictuelles avec l’État. La loi de 2002 se pose alors comme l’aboutissement de la volonté de l’État d’imposer son contrôle sur les musées territoriaux. Cependant, ce contrôle doit être appréhendé dans le cadre du principe constitutionnel de libre administration des collectivités territoriales.
Cet article est un extrait de la thèse relative aux collectivités territoriales et à leurs musées, parues aux PUAM en 2015. Il met en lumière les interrogations qui découlent de la nécessité de concilier les principes de la décentralisation avec les impératifs légaux de gestion des collections.
Les vicissitudes de la protection des droits et libertés par la Cour constitutionnelle du Bénin
Authors: Degboe Dario
Published: January 2018

Souvent présentée comme un modèle en Afrique noire francophone, la Constitution béninoise du 11 décembre 1990 met l’accent sur la protection des droits fondamentaux. À ce titre, elle consacre un nombre important de principes protecteurs et prévoit des mécanismes pour en assurer la garantie. Le constituant a créé une Cour constitutionnelle garante des « droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et des libertés publiques ». Le contentieux constitutionnel des droits fondamentaux illustre les singularités de la Cour béninoise. Tirant parti des larges attributions qui lui sont conférées, la Cour de Cotonou tend à s’arroger un pouvoir de plus en plus important. Ainsi, elle s’autorise à censurer la plus Haute juridiction judiciaire, à contrôler des lois de révision constitutionnelle, à prescrire des principes supra-constitutionnels, etc. Cet activisme pose la question de l’équilibre entre le rôle de la Cour et l’organisation des institutions définie par le texte constitutionnel.
La fondamentalisation de la protection de l’environnement : conversations entre sociétés chrétiennes mystiques et sociétés autochtones à propos de la nature
Authors: Chicot Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2018

Il est des régulations sociales par le droit qui sont intrinsèquement universelles. Tel est le cas du droit de l’environnement qui peut être présenté comme l’ensemble des règles et des décisions rendues, mais aussi des pratiques coutumières ayant un rapport avec la nature. Le droit positif de l’environnement est à coup sûr celui que l’on trouve dans les codes ainsi que dans tous les textes normatifs écrits. S’il est important de le considérer, notamment pour des raisons d’efficacité et d’utilité à l’application d’un droit protecteur de l’environnement, il est tout aussi intéressant d’en rechercher les racines. On en arrive à l’art qui consiste à penser le droit, à conceptualiser. La conceptualisation rejoint la fondamentalisation du droit de l’environnement, entendue comme un processus qui tend à constituer les bases, l’assise de la matière. Les concepts constituent ainsi les composantes d’une matière juridique évoluée devenue système. Elles sont aussi porteuses de valeurs et révèlent ce qui fait l’essence même de ce droit.
« The Queen’s peace » et « King Mob » : la conception de l’atteinte à l’ordre public en Angleterre
Authors: Grosclaude Jérôme
Published: January 2018

Tâche fondamentale de tout État, maintenir l’ordre est, en Angleterre, une tâche protéiforme que le pouvoir central sait depuis longtemps manier pour affirmer son autorité sur le pays. Initialement, en effet, « garder la paix du roi / de la reine » (keeping the King’s/Queen’s Peace) trouve ses origines dans le désir des souverains saxons d’affirmer leur pouvoir sur l’ensemble de leur royaume. Ce fut toutefois surtout après 1066 que les rois normands puis Plantagenêts en privilégièrent une interprétation extensive afin de légitimer l’accaparement par les juges royaux de plus en plus de contentieux au détriment de la justice privée ou locale. Dans un second temps, au xviiie siècle et au début du xixe siècle, la « paix du roi » fut surtout utilisée pour lutter contre toute forme d’agitation : l’incrimination très floue d’« émeute » (riot), que l’on trouve dans le célèbre Riot Act de 1714, autorisait ainsi à condamner à mort ou (de 1867 à 1967) à la transportation (penal deportation) tout participant à un attroupement d’au moins douze personnes qui n’aurait pas répondu dans l’heure à l’ordre de se disperser. Enfin, au nom de la défense de ce qu’on appela à partir du xxe siècle « l’ordre public » (public order), le souci d’un maintien de l’ordre efficace poussa à la création de forces de police professionnelles au xixe siècle puis, au xxe siècle, à la mise en place de mécanismes centralisateurs qui confirmait que la tâche essentielle de maintenir l’ordre n’est pas prêt de cesser d’être instrumentalisée en Angleterre par les gouvernements successifs de Sa Majesté.
Non-discrimination et droits des peuples minoritaires
Authors: Ngameni Herman Blaise
Published: January 2018

Placés dans une situation d’infériorité numérique au sein des États, les peuples minoritaires ont fréquemment subi des persécutions ou des tentatives d’élimination orchestrées par une majorité de la population dont l’avantage du nombre lui a souvent permis de s’arroger l’essentiel du pouvoir politique, économique et social. Depuis quelques décennies, le principe de non-discrimination consacré notamment par le droit supranational a permis aux membres des peuples minoritaires de bénéficier, au sein des États qui les abritent, des droits analogues à ceux de leurs concitoyens. Par ailleurs, il n’est pas incongru que les peuples minoritaires puissent se voir octroyer des prérogatives particulières leur permettant de défendre leur identité culturelle ou linguistique. Ces prérogatives peuvent être reconnues grâce à une politique de discrimination positive. Le droit international encourage en effet, dans certaines circonstances, les États à mettre en œuvre un traitement différencié au profit des minorités dont le retard économique et/ou social est souvent lié aux mauvais traitements dont ils ont été l’objet dans le passé. Toutefois, les peuples minoritaires ont un devoir de loyauté vis-à-vis de leur pays d’établissement et doivent, par exemple, éviter tout comportement qui serait de nature à en compromettre l’intégrité territoriale. Les États sont en effet hantés par les velléités sécessionnistes d’un peuple minoritaire qui peut se révéler majoritaire sur une portion du territoire national ; d’autant plus que, sauf cas exceptionnel, la sécession n’est qu’une simple situation de fait que le droit international ne condamne pas expressément.
La protection de l’accès au juge judiciaire par les normes fondamentales
Authors: Steff Antoine
Published: January 2018

Dans le prolongement de sa reconnaissance par la Cour européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, le droit d’accès à un tribunal s’est progressivement élevé dans la hiérarchie des normes en droit interne français, ce qui a permis d’en assurer une protection effective accrue, malgré quelques exceptions remarquables. Cet écho de la jurisprudence européenne en droit interne témoigne d’un dialogue croissant des juges et d’une harmonisation notable de la matière autour de la notion de procès équitable.
Les documents copto-arabes dans les archives chrétiennes d’Éthiopie : de rares témoins de l’autorité épiscopale (XIVe-XVe s.)
Authors: Wion Anaïs
Published: January 2018

L’Église chrétienne orthodoxe d’Éthiopie était statutairement un évêché copte. Du ive au milieu du xxe siècle, elle reçut son évêque métropolite du siège patriarcal d’Alexandrie. Trois documents copto-arabes, émis entre 1375 et 1424 par des évêques égyptiens en Éthiopie, permettent de mieux comprendre les enjeux de pouvoir qui se nouent entre l’épiscopat copte, le pouvoir politique éthiopien et les réseaux monastiques puissants de l’Église orthodoxe éthiopienne. L’abuna Salāmā, le « Traducteur », a-t-il comploté avec les moines de Ḥayq Esṭifānos pour placer Dāwit sur le trône ? Pourquoi son successeur, le métropolite Bartalomēwos, d’abord fidèle allié du trône, est-il placé sous surveillance étroite, puis écarté et emprisonné ? Fut-il « remplacé » par un évêque égyptien ayant son siège dans le delta du Nil et réfugié en Éthiopie ? Dans le contexte de rapport de pouvoir qui s’inverse entre l’Église copte et l’Église d’Éthiopie, comment en arriva-t-on, sous le règne de Zar’ā Yā‘eqob, à l’envoi de deux métropolites qui entérinèrent toutes les décisions royales, même les moins orthodoxes ? Si l’étude de ces documents soulève et parfois répond à ces questions, elle propose aussi de jeter un nouveau regard sur les pratiques scripturaires administratives.
La tragédie de 1965 en Indonésie : une historiographie renouvelée, une mémoire toujours tronquée
Authors: Madinier Rémy
Published: January 2018

Cet article explore la place de la tragédie de 1965 dans la mémoire collective indonésienne depuis la chute de l’Ordre nouveau en 1998. Malgré un renouveau historiographique considérable, l’Indonésie de la Reformasi peine à réécrire le récit officiel du « coup du 30 septembre » et à mettre à bas l’escroquerie mémorielle qui entoure, encore aujourd’hui, les massacres de 1965-66. Malgré la libération de la parole universitaire, l’ouverture de nouveaux fonds d’archives et le travail remarquable de diverses associations, la persistance de cette mémoire tronquée et la frilosité des autorités en la matière disent beaucoup des survivances de l’Ordre nouveau et du caractère inachevé de la transition politique indonésienne.
À propos d’une pièce en bois sculptée de l’art du Pasisir (xve s.‑xviie s.) : le « kalpataru » du musée de Tuban à Java-Est
Authors: Njoto Hélène
Published: January 2018

Cet article porte sur un objet en bois sculpté exposé depuis deux siècles au moins dans le complexe funéraire de Sunan Bonang à Tuban (Java Est). Il s’agit d’une des pièces sculptées les plus fascinantes de l’art du Pasisir (c. xve-xviie s.). Elle se distingue par ses qualités artistiques mais aussi par son programme iconographique propre à la période hindo-bouddhique. Alors que les sources sont rares pour documenter les débuts du processus d’islamisation de Java, la pièce de Tuban pourrait apporter une preuve tangible du maintien des goûts mais aussi sans doute des cultes antérieurs.
La place des études médiévales dans la définition des curricula (enseignement secondaire et CPGE)
Authors: Oriol Guillaume
Published: January 2018

En s’organisant autour de la notion de parcours scolaire depuis la Loi de refondation de l’école (2013), les programmes ont visiblement perdu les prescriptions renvoyant à l’étude de la littérature et de la langue médiévales. Dans le même temps, l’enseignant peut librement réaliser et mettre en œuvre ses enseignements. Leur formation en médiévistique est donc plus que jamais prépondérante dans la diffusion des savoirs liés à la période médiévale auprès des élèves. Pourtant, la formation universitaire des enseignants n’aide pas à la constitution d’une discipline identifiable et autonome des lettres médiévales. Souvent par défaut structurel, qui les lie trop étroitement aux usages des concours, les formations organisent les études médiévales d’après leur fonction utilitariste, réduisant ainsi indirectement leur portée dans les classes. En guise de proposition, nous esquissons une séance de littérature médiévale sur le thème de la nature en CPGE économique, c’est-à-dire dans un contexte non spécifiquement littéraire.
La lettre et la voix : usages médiévaux et pratiques de la langue dans l’enseignement secondaire
Authors: Tanniou Florence
Published: January 2018

En s’appuyant sur les réflexions de Paul Zumthor autour de la lettre et la voix dans la culture médiévale, il s’agit d’interroger le sort que l’on réserve à la voix et à l’oralité dans notre enseignement de la langue. Les pratiques médiévales peuvent en effet nous amener à concevoir des expérimentations et pratiques construisant des compétences langagières, au sens d’appropriation et d’enrichissement du langage, dans sa dimension interne au discours et dans son lien à la performance.
Methods for Gene Selection and Classification of Microarray Dataset
Authors: Norreddine Mekour
Published: January 2018

One of the problems that gene expression data resolved is feature selection. There is an important process for choosing which features are important for prediction; there are two general approaches for feature selection: filter approach and wrapper approach. In this chapter, the authors combine the filter approach with method ranked information gain and wrapper approach with a searching method of the genetic algorithm. The authors evaluate their approach on two data sets of gene expression data: Leukemia, and the Central Nervous System. The classifier Decision tree (C4.5) is used for improving the classification performance.
A Technique for Resolution of the Assignment Problem Containers in a Container Terminal
Authors: Yachba Khedidja , Bendaoud Zakaria , Bouamrane Karim
Published: January 2018

A container terminal is a complicated system made up of several components in interdependence. Several materials handle possible to move containers at the port to better meet the needs of ships awaiting loading or unloading. In order to effectively manage this area, it is necessary to know the location of each container. Containers search times can be considerable and lead to delays that cause financial penalties for terminal management operators. In this chapter, the authors propose an approach to solve the problem of placement of containers through the description of a model that optimizes available storage space to handle the distance travelled between the containers and the storage locations in a seaport. In other words, a model that minimizes the total number of unnecessary movement while respecting the constraints of space and time. This work develops a software tool enabling identification of the best location of a container using the methodological resolution Branch and Bound.
A Discrete Black Hole Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Community Detection in Social Networks
Authors: Guendouz Mohamed
Published: January 2018

In recent years, social networks analysis has attracted the attention of many researchers. Community detection is one of the highly studied problems in this field. It is considered an NP-hard problem, and several algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. In this chapter, the authors present a new algorithm for community detection in social networks based on the Black Hole optimization algorithm. The authors use the modularity density evaluation measure as a function to maximize. They also propose the enhancement of the algorithm by using two new strategies: initialization and evolution. The proposed algorithm has been tested on famous synthetic and real-world networks; experimental results compared with three known algorithms show the effectiveness of using this algorithm for community detection in social networks.
Comparative Study Between Two Swarm Intelligence Automatic Text Summaries
Authors: Boudia Mohamed Amine
Published: January 2018

This chapter is a comparative study between two bio-inspired approach based on the swarm intelligence for automatic text summaries: Social Spiders and Social Bees. The authors use two techniques of extraction, one after the other: scoring of phrases and similarity that aims to eliminate redundant phrases without losing the theme of the text. While the optimization uses the bio-inspired approach to perform the results of the previous step, the objective function of the optimization is to maximize the sum of similarity between phrases of the candidate summary in order to keep the theme of the text and minimize the sum of scores in order to increase the summarization rate. This optimization will also give a candidate's summary where the order of the phrases changes compared to the original text. For the third and final step concerning choosing a best summary from all candidate summaries generated by optimization layer, the authors opted for the technique of voting with a simple majority.
Complex Biological Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Authors: Kabli Fatima
Published: January 2018

The mass of data available on the Internet is rapidly increasing; the complexity of this data is discussed at the level of the multiplicity of information sources, formats, modals, and versions. Facing the complexity of biological data, such as the DNA sequences, protein sequences, and protein structures, the biologist cannot simply use the traditional techniques to analyze this type of data. The knowledge extraction process with data mining methods for the analysis and processing of biological complex data is considered a real scientific challenge in the search for systematically potential relationships without prior knowledge of the nature of these relationships. In this chapter, the authors discuss the Knowledge Discovery in Databases process (KDD) from the Biological Data. They specifically present a state of the art of the best known and most effective methods of data mining for analysis of the biological data and problems of bioinformatics related to data mining.
Big Data Analytics in Bioinformatics
Authors: Patel Dharmendra Trikamlal
Published: January 2018

Voluminous data are being generated by various means. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged recently to group all manmade artificial things around us. Due to intelligent devices, the annual growth of data generation has increased rapidly, and it is expected that by 2020, it will reach more than 40 trillion GB. Data generated through devices are in unstructured form. Traditional techniques of descriptive and predictive analysis are not enough for that. Big Data Analytics have emerged to perform descriptive and predictive analysis on such voluminous data. This chapter first deals with the introduction to Big Data Analytics. Big Data Analytics is very essential in Bioinformatics field as the size of human genome sometimes reaches 200 GB. The chapter next deals with different types of big data in Bioinformatics. The chapter describes several problems and challenges based on big data in Bioinformatics. Finally, the chapter deals with techniques of Big Data Analytics in the Bioinformatics field.
Brain-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2018

This chapter indicates the overview of Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs); the aspects of BMIs; BMIs, human-machine interfaces, and electrooculography interfaces; BMIs, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and stroke motor recovery; speech BMIs; BMIs and neuroplasticity; and BMIs and transcranial doppler (TCD). BMIs are the computerized approaches to gaining the brain signals, investigating them, and translating them into computerized functions in order to organize the required practices. BMIs can allow people to manipulate computerized networks and various electrical devices. With the support of modern technologies, BMIs are functional and able to operate in operational settings. The chapter argues that applying BMIs has the potential to increase organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the digital age.