bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Administrative Record Matching in California
Authors: Wiseley W. Charles
Published: July 2004

This chapter discusses the collaboration among the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office, the California Employment Development Department,and community college practitioners to develop an administrative data‐matching system to meet accountability mandates. The chapter delineates the many benefits of collaboration when matching student records with records from other administrative databases and examines how completeness of external databases can affect outcomes.
Looking Ahead: A National Measure of Post–Community College Earnings
Authors: Sanchez Jorge R.
Published: July 2004

Is a national definition to measure students' post‐college/training warranted? This chapter presents policy and methodological concerns and discusses recommendations.
Employment and Earnings Outcomes: New Perspectives
Authors: Stevens David W.
Published: July 2004

Linked administrative records offer practical opportunities to conduct management diagnostics tailored to state and local needs. State and local community college management teams should integrate and
modify components drawn from current reporting systems, such as those described in other chapters of this volume. Refinements are proposed here to improve internal and external accountability.
Contextual Curriculum: Getting More Meaning from Education
Authors: Bolt Les , Swartz Ned
Published: July 2004

The contextual curriculum offers a new paradigm for instructional delivery and the development of student competencies better suited for today' s work environment.
When Boards Change: Presidential Response
Authors: Boggs George R. , Smith Cindra J.
Published: July 2004

The seating of new trustees changes the complexion of any board and begins a new set of relationships among board members and between the board and the college president.
When a Crisis Occurs: A President's Perspective
Authors: Fanelli Sean A.
Published: July 2004

A crisis on campus requires that the president and the board of trustees work together to resolve the issue in the best interests of the institution.Resolution is predicated, in large measure, upon the communication skills of the president.
Sources and Information: Community College Leadership
Authors: Lee Lucy
Published: July 2004

An annotated bibliography provides abstracts of documents from the ERIC system focusing on leadership issues in the community college and the relationship between presidents and boards.
Changing the Way We Teach by Changing the College: Leading the Way Together
Authors: Lape Douglas H. , Hart Patricia K.
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes a study that examines differences in levels of awareness of distance education among key community college leadership groups.
From the Margin to the Mainstream: State‐Level Policy and Planning for Distance Education
Authors: Kovel‐Jarboe Patricia
Published: July 2004

This chapter explores the role of the community college in the development of state policies regarding distance learning.
Seamless Education Through Distance Learning: State Policy Initiatives for Community College/K–12 Partnerships
Authors: Spears Suzanna , Tatroe Randy L.
Published: July 2004

Using technology to develop new collaboration models can help in addressing the complex challenges of delivering comprehensive postsecondary programs in rural communities.
Implications of a Virtual University for Community Colleges
Authors: Johnstone Sally M. , Tilson Stephen
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes a framework for developing evaluation standards for distance education in statewide, multistate, and national systems, and the role of the community college in the evaluation process.
Ownership and Access: Copyright and Intellectual Property in the On‐Line Environment
Authors: McIsaac Marina Stock , Rowe Jeremy
Published: July 2004

As the communication technologies of today challenge the traditional concept of ownership, community colleges must address copyright and intellectual property issues.
Dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells is altered by a single amino acid change in E‐cadherin fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein
Authors: Fuchs Margit , Hutzler Peter , Handschuh Gabriele , Hermannstädter Christine , Brunner Ingrid , Höfler Heinz , Luber Birgit
Published: July 2004

E‐Cadherin regulates epithelial cell adhesion and is critical for the maintenance of tissue integrity. In sporadic diffuse‐type gastric carcinoma, mutations of the E‐cadherin gene are frequently observed that predominantly affect putative calcium binding motifs located in the linker region between the second and third extracellular domains. A single amino acid change (D370A) as found in a gastric carcinoma patient reduces cell adhesion and up‐regulates cell motility. To study the effect of this mutation on the dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was C‐terminally fused to E‐cadherin. The resulting mutant E‐cadherin‐EGFP fusion protein with a point mutation in exon 8 (p8‐EcadEGFP) and a wild‐type E‐cadherin‐EGFP fusion construct (wt‐EcadEGFP) were expressed in human MDA‐MB‐435S cells. Fluorescent images were acquired by time‐lapse laser scanning microscopy and E‐cadherin was visualized during contact formation and in moving cells. Spatial and temporal localization of p8‐ and wt‐EcadEGFP differed significantly. While wt‐EcadEGFP was mainly localized at lateral membranes of contacting cells and formed E‐cadherin puncta and plaques, p8‐EcadEGFP‐expressing cells frequently formed transient cell‐cell contacts. During random cell migration, p8‐EcadEGFP was found in lamellipodia. In contrast, wt‐EcadEGFP localized at lateral cell‐cell contact sites in low or non‐motile cells. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, which plays a major role in lamellipodia formation and cell migration, reduced the motility of p8‐EcadEGFP‐expressing cells and caused lateral membrane staining of p8‐EcadEGFP. Conversely, EGF induced cell motility and caused formation of lamellipodia that were E‐cadherin positive. In conclusion, our data show that mutant E‐cadherin significantly alters the dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells and interferes with the formation of stable cell‐cell contacts. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:50–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal target cells of the centrifugal projection from the isthmo‐optic nucleus
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroyuki , Aoki Kenji , Yonezawa Shinji , Arimura Fuku , Ohno Hiroshi
Published: July 2004

Although the avian retina has long been known to receive projection from a midbrain nucleus, the isthmo‐optic nucleus (ION), the output of its target cells has remained obscure. We labeled the isthmo‐optic (IO) terminals in the Japanese quail retina, by using anterograde transport of fluorescent tracer injected into the ION, and then labeled target cells for these terminals by means of intracellular tracer injection under direct microscopic observation. Somata of the IO target cells (IOTCs) lie in the innermost zone of the inner nuclear layer of the ventral half of the retina and have no dendrites but an axon. The axons run in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) for up to 6 mm and terminate densely in a round or elliptical terminal field, about 90–290 μm in diameter, of the outermost zone of the IPL. Longer axons (>2 mm) extend dorsally, but shorter ones (<1 mm) project ventrally or horizontally, so the terminals are distributed widely in both dorsal and ventral halves of the retina. The IOTCs cannot be classified into any of the five conventional major classes of retinal cells, including amacrine cells, and are thought to be “slave” neurons whose output is controlled by the neurons in the brain. Topographic separation between input to and output from the IOTCs by the axons might be essential for the overall topographic organization of the centrifugal visual system in birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:146–153, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The advantage of complexity in two 2 × 2 games
Authors: Engle‐Warnick Jim
Published: July 2004

Competing populations of finite automata co‐evolve in an evolutionary algorithm to play two player games. Populations endowed with greater complexity do better against their less complex opponents in a strictly competitive constant sum game. In contrast, complexity determines efficiency levels, but not relative earnings, in a Prisoner's Dilemma game; greater levels of complexity result in mutually higher earnings. With reporting noise, advantages to complexity are lost and efficiency levels are reduced as relatively less complex strategies are selected. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 71–78, 2004
The Tbx‐files: The truth is out there
Authors: Kiefer Julie C.
Published: July 2004

T‐box factors are critical regulators of embryonic development and have been implicated in several human diseases. This primer describes the basics of how T‐box factors work and features a discussion of the state of T‐box gene research with three experts in the field. Developmental Dynamics 231:232–236, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperglycemia‐induced TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart
Authors: Smoak Ida Washington
Published: July 2004

Cardiovascular defects are common in diabetic offspring, but their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Extracellular matrix accumulates in adult tissues in response to hyperglycemia, and transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGFβ1) likely mediates this effect. The objective of this study was to characterize TGFβ expression in the organogenesis‐stage mouse heart and to evaluate TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart exposed to hyperglycemia. Prominent TGFβ1, and minimal TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, protein expression was demonstrated in embryonic day (E) 9.5–E13.5 hearts. Hyperglycemia for 24 hr produced significantly increased fibronectin, slightly increased TGFβ1, and unchanged TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, by immunohistochemistry. Increased TGFβ1 was demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in embryonic fluid and isolated hearts after hyperglycemia for 24 hr, but not 48 hr. Hyperglycemia increased fibronectin protein and mRNA expression in embryonic hearts after 24 hr, and pericardial injection of TGFβ1 also increased fibronectin mRNA in the embryonic heart. It is proposed that TGFβ1 and fibronectin may play a role in diabetes‐induced cardiac dysmorphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 231:179–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment at Ball State University
Authors: Palomba Catherine A.
Published: July 2004

This chapter contains a review of academic assessment at Ball State University. It describes areas of strength and continuing challenges to assessing academic programs.
Assessment of General Learning: State University of New York College at Fredonia
Authors: Hurtgen James R.
Published: July 2004

Eventually, assessment must tell us more about what is going on teacher by teacher, course by course. Do we have the commitment to find out?
Moving Assessment Forward: Enabling Conditions and Stumbling Blocks
Authors: Banta Trudy W.
Published: July 2004

At this point in the history of outcomes assessment in higher education, we believe we have sufficient experience to relate our own generalizations about successful practice to some solid principles that can guide future work in the field.
Reflections on the Graduate Student Experience: An Overview
Authors: Anderson Melissa S. , Swazey Judith P.
Published: July 2004

A national survey of doctoral students sought students' reflections on their
graduate experiences, their faculty, their department, their academic work,
and their prospective careers.
Developing Self‐Authorship in Graduate School
Authors: Magolda Marcia B. Baxter
Published: July 2004

Many graduate students need—and learn to acquire—more mature intellectual
perspectives.
Beginning Graduate School: Explaining First‐Year Doctoral Attrition
Authors: Golde Chris M.
Published: July 2004

A graduate student's decision not to continue in an initial program is that
student's answer to one or more questions.
Students' Perspectives on Their Master's Degree Experiences: Disturbing the Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Conrad Clifton F. , Duren Katherine M. , Haworth Jennifer Grant
Published: July 2004

The master's degree is much underestimated as a contributor to effective careers.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Making a Comeback
Authors: Redd Kenneth E.
Published: July 2004

Historically black colleges and universities have made an impressive comeback in student enrollments since the mid‐1980s, although future challenges remain for this revitalized group of institutions.
Using Part‐Time Faculty More Effectively
Authors: Jacobs Frederic
Published: July 2004

Better policies and practice would result from disaggregating part‐time
faculty and their roles.
The Changing Pattern of Employment Relations
Authors: Rasell M. Edith , Appelbaum Eileen
Published: July 2004

Increasing use of part‐time faculty in colleges and universities is compared
to the expansion of “nonstandard work arrangements” in the broader
economy.
Implications for Knowledge Production and Careers in Science
Authors: Gaddy Catherine D.
Published: July 2004

Is the increasing reliance on part‐time faculty affecting how attractive academic
careers appear to new doctorates in the sciences?
Adjunct Faculty in the Community College: Realities and Challenges
Authors: Wyles Barbara A.
Published: July 2004

Heavy reliance on part‐time faculty at a large community college results in
added value in many programs but also challenges the institution to support
them to assure quality.
A New Vision for Continuing Higher Education: Creating Economic Wellness
Authors: Wyman Sherman M.
Published: July 2004

Economic wellness requires long‐term commitment, collaborative planning, and partnership development strategies on the part of universities.
Promoting Economic Development Through University and Industry Partnerships
Authors: Ryan James H. , Heim Arthur A.
Published: July 2004

Effective partnerships between education and industry are increasingly critical to business and economic development as we enter the 21st century.
The Global Information Economy and Its Effect on Local Economic Development
Authors: Clark Will
Published: July 2004

Telecommunications technology brings revolutionary changes for economic development and continuing education.
Community Economic Development Through Community Colleges
Authors: Young Jerry W.
Published: July 2004

Community colleges should continue to play their historical role in supporting economic development through workforce education and training.
Strategies for the Future: Continuing Higher Education and Economic Development
Authors: Pappas James P. , Eckart Cynthia M.
Published: July 2004

Opportunities for higher education to help shape our global economy are demonstrated through a case study.
The Peer Support Group Needed to Guide Organizational Change Processes
Authors: Austin Michael J.
Published: July 2004

In order to foster a high level of self‐reflective administrative practice, professional school deans can make extensive use of a peer support group, as described in this case study.
The Role of the Dean in Strengthening Faculty and Student Scholarship
Authors: Patti Rino J.
Published: July 2004

Balancing the pressures to educate skilled practitioners with the profession's and society's need for new knowledge is one of the key juggling acts of a professional school dean.
Serving as Dean: A Public University Perspective
Authors: Allen‐Meares Paula
Published: July 2004

The complexities of serving as a professional school dean in a large public research university provide unique challenges, especially in relationship to issues of gender and race.
What Does a Dean Do?
Authors: Newsome Clarence G.
Published: July 2004

Identifying the elements of deanship practice and effectively communicating with different audiences are essential ingredients in the art of successful deaning.
The American Doctorate and Dissertation: Six Developmental Stages
Authors: Goodchild Lester F. , Miller Margaret M.
Published: July 2004

The history of the doctorate and dissertation reveals their substantive continuity, although the dissertation formerly embodied greater plurality in form than is currently understood.
Research Methodologies and the Doctoral Process
Authors: Creswell John W. , Miller Gary A.
Published: July 2004

Four basic methodologies—positivist, interpretive, ideological, and pragmatic—influence the selection of courses, committee membership, and the dissertation.
Students' Attitudes Toward the Responsibilities and Barriers in Doctoral Study
Authors: Kluever Raymond C.
Published: July 2004

A survey of 265 education graduates and ABDs points to the importance of emotional and financial support, student research skills, and advisers' assistance in completing the dissertation.
Distinct MHC class I and II alleles are associated with hepatitis C viral clearance, originating from a single source
Authors: McKiernan Susan M. , Hagan Richard , Curry Michael , McDonald George S. A. , Kelly Alan , Nolan Niamh , Walsh Anne , Hegarty John , Lawlor Emer , Kelleher Dermot
Published: July 2004

The role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, restricted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, is recognized as highly significant in the successful clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The frequency of class I alleles in females inoculated with HCV genotype 1b from a single source was examined for an association with outcome. Class I typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers in 227 female subjects: 141 had chronic infection and 86 had viral clearance. Statistical analysis included χ2 testing and multiple logistic regression analysis. A*03, B*27, and Cw*01 occurred more frequently in those with viral clearance (39.5%, 14%, and 9.3%, respectively) compared with those with chronic infection (19.1%, 2.1%, and 1.4%, respectively; P ≤ .005). B*08 occurred more often in those with chronic infection compared with viral clearance (39.7% vs. 19.8%; P = .002). In combination with previously reported class II allele associations, over 75% that successfully eliminate HCV carry either A*03, DRB1*0101, or *0401, compared with only 37% of those with chronic infection (P < .0001). The haplotypes A*03-B*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*0602 and A*02-B*27-Cw*01-DRB1*0101-DQB1*0501 are associated with viral clearance (P = .004 and .01, respectively). By multiple logistic regression analysis, the alleles A*03, B*27, DRB1*0101, *0401, and *15 are associated with viral clearance, and B*27 has the strongest association (odds ratio [OR] 7.99). The haplotype A*01-B*08-Cw*07-DRB1*03011-DQB1*0201 is associated with chronic infection (P = .002), being independent for DQB1*0201 (OR 0.27). In conclusion, certain class I alleles are associated with outcome in this homogenous cohort. More significantly, either HLA-A*03, -DRB1*0101, or -*0401 are carried by an overwhelming majority of those subjects who successfully clear HCV. (Hepatology 2004;40:108-114.)
Characterization of mutations in ATP8B1 associated with hereditary cholestasis
Authors: Klomp Leo W. J. , Vargas Julie C. , van Mil Saskia W. C. , Pawlikowska Ludmila , Strautnieks Sandra S. , van Eijk Michiel J. T. , Juijn Jenneke A. , Pabón-Peña Carlos , Smith Lauren B. , DeYoung Joseph A. , Byrne Jane A. , Gombert Justijn , van der Brugge Gerda , Berger Ruud , Jankowska Irena , Pawlowska Joanna , Villa Erica , Knisely A. S. , Thompson Richard J. , Freimer Nelson B. , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Bull Laura N.
Published: July 2004

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) are clinically distinct hereditary disorders. PFIC patients suffer from chronic cholestasis and develop liver fibrosis. BRIC patients experience intermittent attacks of cholestasis that resolve spontaneously. Mutations in ATP8B1 (previously FIC1) may result in PFIC or BRIC. We report the genomic organization of ATP8B1 and mutation analyses of 180 families with PFIC or BRIC that identified 54 distinct disease mutations, including 10 mutations predicted to disrupt splicing, 6 nonsense mutations, 11 small insertion or deletion mutations predicted to induce frameshifts, 1 large genomic deletion, 2 small inframe deletions, and 24 missense mutations. Most mutations are rare, occurring in 1-3 families, or are limited to specific populations. Many patients are compound heterozygous for 2 mutations. Mutation type or location correlates overall with clinical severity: missense mutations are more common in BRIC (58% vs. 38% in PFIC), while nonsense, frameshifting, and large deletion mutations are more common in PFIC (41% vs. 16% in BRIC). Some mutations, however, lead to a wide range of phenotypes, from PFIC to BRIC or even no clinical disease. ATP8B1 mutations were detected in 30% and 41%, respectively, of the PFIC and BRIC patients screened. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html) and at www.atp8b1-primers.nl (Hepatology 2004;40:27-38.)
“Hope” for the liver? Mechanistic insight into the role of the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Arteel Gavin E.
Published: July 2004

Angiotensin II (AngII) is a pro-oxidant and fibrogenic cytokine. We investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in AngII-induced effects in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a fibrogenic cell type. Human HSCs express mRNAs of key components of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase. AngII phosphorylated p47phox, a regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase, and induced reactive oxygen species formation via NADPH oxidase activity. AngII phosphorylated AKT and MAPKs and increased AP-1 DNA binding in a redox-sensitive manner. AngII stimulated DNA synthesis, cell migration, procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA expression, and secretion of TGF-beta1 and inflammatory cytokines. These effects were attenuated by N-acetylcysteine and diphenylene iodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Moreover, AngII induced upregulation of genes potentially involved in hepatic wound-healing response in a redox-sensitive manner, as assessed by microarray analysis. HSCs isolated from p47phox−/− mice displayed a blunted response to AngII compared with WT cells. We also assessed the role of NADPH oxidase in experimental liver fibrosis. After bile duct ligation, p47phox−/− mice showed attenuated liver injury and fibrosis compared with WT counterparts. Moreover, expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and expression of TGF-beta1 were reduced in p47phox−/− mice. Thus, NADPH oxidase mediates the actions of AngII on HSCs and plays a critical role in liver fibrogenesis.
Mothers who were severely abused during childhood and their children talk about emotions: Co‐construction of narratives in light of maternal trauma
Authors: Koren‐Karie Nina , Oppenheim David , Getzler‐Yosef Rachel
Published: July 2004

The article focuses on detailed examination of the co‐construction of emotion dialogues between mothers and their 6‐year‐old children in light of mothers' experiences of being sexually, physically, and emotionally abused during childhood. We present examples from dialogues between 3 mothers and their children about emotional events experienced by the children and illustrate emotionally mismatched co‐construction processes. To better understand these difficulties, the article also provides vignettes from interviews with mothers about children's inner worlds and show how examining the interviews may help explain the unfolding of the dialogues and particularly points of difficulty. The dialogues between the mothers and their children were assessed using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue procedure (Koren‐Karie, Oppenheim, Chaimovich, & Etzion‐Carasso, 2000). The maternal interviews were obtained using the Insightfulness Assessment procedure (Oppenheim & Koren‐Karie, 2002). The discussion focuses on the significance of mother–child dialogues in shaping children's inner world, and points to the importance of providing intervention for adults who experienced childhood traumas that address not only their own personal issues but also their functioning as parents.
Disorganized infant attachment strategies and helpless‐fearful profiles of parenting: Integrating attachment research with clinical intervention
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Spielman Eda
Published: July 2004

In this article, recent research on parenting behaviors associated with infant attachment disorganization is summarized and applied to a parent–infant psychotherapy case. Both hostile/self‐referential and helpless‐fearful patterns of parenting are described and viewed theoretically as alternate aspects of a single hostile‐helpless internal working model of attachment relationships. The case material focuses on the more subtle and harder to identify manifestations of a helpless‐fearful parental stance. Some attachment‐related treatment guidelines for working with a hostile‐helpless parenting stance are suggested, including challenging the hostile‐helpless model implicitly in the qualities of the therapist's approach to the parent, explicitly articulating the hostile‐helpless bind with the parent, increasing the parent's openness to a wider range of affective experience, differentiating attachment‐related needs from other communications of the baby, and developing new skills for balancing the needs of the self and the needs of the other in interaction with the baby.
Clinical application of attachment theory in permanency planning for children in foster care: The importance of continuity of care
Authors: Gauthier Yvon , Fortin Gilles , Jéliu Gloria
Published: July 2004

Permanency planning is a critical issue facing all children in foster care. Foster children frequently suffer from developmental delays and severe behavior problems, often leading to repeated displacements that in turn increase the risk for attachment disorders. To prevent the emergence of such disturbances, an Attachment Clinic was developed in Montreal to offer consultation to Youth Protection workers. A specific problem has frequently been identified in this Clinic: Should a child who has developed a significant attachment to his or her foster parents return to the biological parents or stay in the foster family? The choice between the two families is even more difficult when the parenting competencies of the biological parents seem to have progressed while the child has developed secure attachments in the foster family. Clinical cases will be presented to illustrate such dilemmas. Concepts rooted in attachment theory have been very useful to understand such problems, and have led us to believe that children's best interests lie in the preservation of their attachment ties and that repeated ruptures of such ties constitute a severe trauma. Resistances of the milieu to our position will be discussed as well as the Court's decisions in light of Canadian jurisprudence.
Organizations, Culture, and Teams: Links Toward Genuine Change
Authors: Frost Susan H. , Gillespie Theresa W.
Published: July 2004

The culture of an organization helps determine the degree to which a new
way of working is adopted and used. Team‐based decision making depends
on organizational beliefs supporting the idea that change strengthens organizational
goals.
Experimenting with Models of Faculty Collaboration: Factors That Promote Their Success
Authors: Bohen Shawn Jacqueline , Stiles James
Published: July 2004

Barriers to faculty teamwork and models that enable collaboration outside
traditional departmental confines at Harvard are examined, and ways that
universities and colleges can encourage similar work are explored.
Using Teams in Higher Education: Resources for Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Frost Susan H. , Bidani Pankaj
Published: July 2004

Key resources are identified for understanding and applying teamwork to
higher education settings.
Leveraging the Forces of Transformation on Campus
Authors: Norris Donald M. , Morrison James L.
Published: July 2004

Institutional leaders need to leverage the forces of transformation on their campuses. This volume is a guidebook of principles and practices that will assist campus leaders in reaping the opportunities and benefits of Knowledge Age learning and in prevailing in the face of fiercer competition.
Creating a Learning Vision for the Knowledge Age: The University of Texas at San Antonio
Authors: Norris Donald M.
Published: July 2004

The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) used the opportunities provided by a new, downtown campus and other new facilities to redirect its campus master planning, create a learning vision for UTSA in the Knowledge Age, reshape its IT infrastructure and IT culture on campus, and launch an ongoing dialogue on change for the Knowledge Age.
Building the Regional University of the Future: Northwest Missouri State University
Authors: Gilmour Joseph E. , Hubbard Dean L.
Published: July 2004

Northwest Missouri State University has used a continuous quality improvement process to develop its capacity to build a regional university that is positioned to serve the future needs of its region.
The Underpinnings of Student Aid
Authors: Linsley Carol B.
Published: July 2004

Understanding the history and current relationships among student aid programs and how aid is delivered to students is critical to establishing a research agenda.
An Action Agenda for Researching Student Aid
Authors: Voorhees Richard A.
Published: July 2004

A synthesis of the issues and projects found in previous chapters is offered to guide action in student aid research. The debates about new policy directions in the late 1990s can be informed by research generated by this sourcebook.
Legal Cases and Institutional Research Involving Faculty Dismissals Based on Financial Exigency
Authors: Letzring Timothy D.
Published: July 2004

By examining court cases involving financial exigency as a cause for terminating faculty appointments, this chapter confirms the important impact of institutional data and information on the decisions of judges and juries.
Researchers as Consultants and Expert Witnesses
Authors: Fincher Cameron L.
Published: July 2004

Researchers may become involved with the legal system as expert witnesses. It is clear that such experiences require patience, diligence, and tolerance beyond what is normally required for conducting institutional research studies.
Dealing with the Complexities of Higher Education and Law: An Attorney's Perspective
Authors: McKee Patrick
Published: July 2004

An attorney suggests three simple yet significant principles for researchers and administrators as they confront the complexities of higher education and the law.
Institutional Research and Preventive Law: A Partnership
Authors: Jones Larry G.
Published: July 2004

Institutional research and the law connect in the practice of preventive law. This chapter examines how and why the institutional research and preventive law partnership can and should work to minimize individual and institutional legal risks.
Opinions and Attitudes of State and Campus Policymakers
Authors: Serban Andreea M.
Published: July 2004

A survey of state and campus leaders reveals their opinions and attitudes
toward the theoretical and practical elements of performance funding.
Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Selective Resource Guide
Authors: Adam Anthony J. , Morrison Malcolm
Published: July 2004

An international bibliography of Web sites and other electronic sources, legislation,
and published materials offers the reader a panoply of resources.
Fracture toughness of steel‐fiber‐reinforced bone cement
Authors: Kotha S. P. , Li C. , Schmid S. R. , Mason J. J.
Published: July 2004

Fractures in the bone‐cement mantle (polymethyl methacrylate) have been linked to the failure of cemented total joint prostheses. The heat generated by the curing bone cement has also been implicated in the necrosis of surrounding bone tissue, leading to loosening of the implants. The addition of reinforcements may improve the fracture properties of bone cement and decrease the peak temperatures during curing. This study investigates the changes in the fracture properties and the temperatures generated in the ASTM F451 tests by the addition of 316L stainless steel fibers to bone cement. The influence of filler volume fraction (5–15% by volume) and aspect ratios (19, 46, 57) on the fracture toughness of the acrylic bone cement was assessed. Increasing the volume fraction of the steel fibers resulted in significant increases in the fracture toughness of the steel‐fiber‐reinforced composite. Fracture‐toughness increases of up to 2.63 times the control values were obtained with the use of steel‐fiber reinforcements. No clear trend in the fracture toughness was discerned for increasing aspect ratios of the reinforcements. There is a decrease in the peak temperatures reached during the curing of the steel‐fiber‐reinforced bone cement, though the decrease is too small to be clinically relevant. Large increases in the fatigue life of acrylic bone cement were also obtained by the addition of steel fibers. These results indicate that the use of steel fibers may enhance the durability of cemented joint prostheses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 514–521, 2004
UCSF Chimera—A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis
Authors: Pettersen Eric F. , Goddard Thomas D. , Huang Conrad C. , Couch Gregory S. , Greenblatt Daniel M. , Meng Elaine C. , Ferrin Thomas E.
Published: July 2004

The design, implementation, and capabilities of an extensible visualization system, UCSF Chimera, are discussed. Chimera is segmented into a core that provides basic services and visualization, and extensions that provide most higher level functionality. This architecture ensures that the extension mechanism satisfies the demands of outside developers who wish to incorporate new features. Two unusual extensions are presented: Multiscale, which adds the ability to visualize large‐scale molecular assemblies such as viral coats, and Collaboratory, which allows researchers to share a Chimera session interactively despite being at separate locales. Other extensions include Multalign Viewer, for showing multiple sequence alignments and associated structures; ViewDock, for screening docked ligand orientations; Movie, for replaying molecular dynamics trajectories; and Volume Viewer, for display and analysis of volumetric data. A discussion of the usage of Chimera in real‐world situations is given, along with anticipated future directions. Chimera includes full user documentation, is free to academic and nonprofit users, and is available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple Mac OS X, SGI IRIX, and HP Tru64 Unix from http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1605–1612, 2004
Structure and dynamics of the Cr(III) ion in aqueous solution: Ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kritayakornupong Chinapong , Plankensteiner Kristof , Rode Bernd M.
Published: July 2004

Structural and dynamical properties of the Cr(III) ion in aqueous solution have been investigated using a combined ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulation. The hydration structure of Cr(III) was determined in terms of radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, and angular distributions. The QM/MM simulation gives coordination numbers of 6 and 15.4 for the first and second hydration shell, respectively. The first hydration shell is kinetically very inert but by no means rigid and variations of the first hydration shell geometry lead to distinct splitting in the vibrational spectra of Cr(H2O). A mean residence time of 22 ps was obtained for water ligands residing in the second hydration shell, which is remarkably shorter than the experimentally estimated value. The hydration energy of −1108 ± 7 kcal/mol, obtained from the QM/MM simulation, corresponds well to the experimental hydration enthalpy value. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1576–1583, 2004
High glucose inhibits fructose uptake in renal proximal tubule cells: Involvement of cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cPLA2
Authors: Park Su Hyung , Lee Yun Jung , Lim Min Jin , Kim Eun Jung , Lee Jang Hern , Han Ho Jae
Published: July 2004

The precise signal that regulates fructose transport in renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) under high glucose conditions is not yet known although fructose has been recommended as a substitute for glucose in the diets of diabetic people. Thus, we investigated that effect of high glucose on fructose uptake and its signaling pathways in primary cultured rabbit renal PTCs. Glucose inhibited the fructose uptake in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. A maximal inhibitory effect of glucose on fructose uptake was observed at 25 mM glucose after 48 h, while 25 mM mannitol and l‐glucose did not affect fructose uptake. Indeed, 25 mM glucose for 48 h decreased GLUT5 protein level. Thus, the treatment of 25 mM glucose for 48 h was used for this study. Glucose‐induced (25 mM) inhibition of fructose uptake was blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX), SQ‐22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), and myristoylated amide 14–22 (a protein kinase A inhibitor). Indeed, 25 mM glucose increased the intracellular cAMP content. Furthermore, 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake was prevented by neomycin or U‐73122 (phospholipase C inhibitors) and staurosporine or bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C inhibitors). In fact, 25 mM glucose increased the total PKC activity and translocation of PKC from the cytosolic to membrane fraction. In addition, PD 98059 (a p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor) but not SB 203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and mepacrine or AACOCF3 (phospholipase A2 inhibitors) blocked 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake. Results of Western blotting using the p44/42 MAPK and GLUT5 antibodies were consistent with the results of uptake experiments. In conclusion, high glucose inhibits the fructose uptake through cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) pathways in the PTCs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Arikawa Toshitaka , Omura Ken , Morita Ikuo
Published: July 2004

Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 is generally known as an inducible enzyme, and it produces arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which modulates bone metabolism. Here, we investigated the expression and role of COX isomers in human mesenchymal stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells constitutively expressed COX‐2 as well as COX‐1, and secretion of PGE2 was completely inhibited by NS‐398, a specific inhibitor of COX‐2. Levels of secreted PGE2 were strikingly higher in human mesenchymal stem cells than in osteoblastic cells differentiated from the mesenchymal cells. This higher production of PGE2 in mesenchymal stem cells was due to higher expression of membrane‐associated PGE synthase (mPGES) regulated by early growth response factor‐1 (Egr‐1). Treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with NS‐398 suppressed expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). The suppression of BMP‐2 by NS‐398 was abrogated by an EP4 receptor agonist as well as by PGE2. Moreover, BMP‐2 expression was suppressed by an EP4 receptor antagonist. These data indicate that PGE2 produced by COX‐2 increases BMP‐2 expression via binding the EP4 receptor. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interval coloring of (3,4)‐biregular bipartite graphs having large cubic subgraphs
Authors: Pyatkin A. V.
Published: July 2004

An interval coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that the set of used colors at every vertex is an interval of integers. Generally, it is an NP‐hard problem to decide whether a graph has an interval coloring or not. A bipartite graph G = (A,B;E) is (α, β)‐biregular if each vertex in A has degree α and each vertex in B has degree β. In this paper we prove that if the (3,4)‐biregular graph G has a cubic subgraph covering the set B then G has an interval coloring. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 122–128, 2004
Pigment analysis of a wallpaper from the early 19th century: Les Monuments de Paris
Authors: Castro K. , Pérez‐Alonso M. , Rodríguez‐Laso M. D. , Madariaga J. M.
Published: July 2004

In this work the analysis of a wallpaper from 1812 that was found in a palace in the Basque Country (Spain) is presented. The wallpaper represents a beautiful view of Paris and it is considered one of the most important wallpapers ever manufactured. The determination of the pigments present in the work was achieved using a Raman microprobe spectrometer, resulting in a completely non‐destructive analysis. All the colour shades observed in the wallpaper were manufactured with the pigments red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide Prussian blue, Scheele's green, minium (Pb3O4), CaCO3, lead white, carbon black, vermilion (HgS), raw sienna and burnt sienna. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of a Spanish medieval processional crucifix substantially reworked in the 20th century
Authors: Centeno Silvia A. , Mahon Dorothy , Wypyski Mark T.
Published: July 2004

The authenticity of a double‐sided painted processional crucifix acquired as Spanish 13th century from a private collection in Barcelona was questioned shortly after the piece entered The Cloisters (Metropolitan Museum of Art) collection in 1955. At the time, a combination of connoisseurship and limited technical analysis was employed to conclude that the crucifix was a forgery. In this work, a re‐examination was carried out in order to support or deny earlier conclusions. Pigments and ground layers were analyzed in paint samples by Raman microscopy, complemented by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopic elemental analysis. The results showed that the piece is a re‐fabrication of a Spanish medieval cross, perhaps dating from the 14th century. Significant alterations were made in order to present the work as a rare example of its type. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the study of corrosion products on copper alloys: setting up of a reference database and studying works of art
Authors: Hayez V. , Guillaume J. , Hubin A. , Terryn H.
Published: July 2004

Micro‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of different species of copper sulfates was carried out. Products such as antlerite, brochantite, posnjakite, langite and chalcanthite were investigated. These products are most likely to be formed as the result of atmospheric corrosion of copper alloys, e.g. bronze in sulfur‐bearing environments. A database containing the characteristic Raman spectra was set up. This database was then used to investigate some specimens of copper alloy artefacts, that had been exposed to the atmosphere. It was shown to be possible to identify the nature of the corrosion products formed, using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral
Authors: Reiche Ina , Pages‐Camagna Sandrine , Lambacher Lothar
Published: July 2004

An in situ non‐destructive study of the reliquary cross called Heinrich's cross dating from the late Middle Ages (first quarter of the 11th century) was performed using a mobile Raman microspectrometer in order to identify the adorning gemstones. Heinrich's cross, today kept in the Museum of Applied Arts (Kunstgewerbemuseum, KGM), Berlin, is considered to be one of the most precious sanctuaries of the treasury of Basel Cathedral. It bears 68 gemstones that are mounted at the both sides of the cross. Silver pearls alternate with gemstones. Analyses were made with a fibre‐optic System‐100 Raman‐analyser (Renishaw), directly in the museum, without the need to remove the object. Strengths and weaknesses of the use of a mobile Raman microspectrometer for the investigation of art and archaeological objects within the museum are discussed since only relatively few analyses using mobile spectrometers have so far been performed in situ. In this study, the determination of the nature of the gems generally confirms the identification based on previous optical observations. Most of the mounted materials were found to be glass paste or quartz varieties. Some garnets, sapphires and interestingly rubies were also identified. The use of rubies is rare in the Middle Ages. Generally, green, blue and dark‐coloured stones were difficult to identify using this Raman set‐up (λ = 785 nm) because of fluorescence phenomena, and 11 gems could not be identified unambiguously. This study shows the importance of coupling optical observations with Raman spectroscopy for gemstone identification. These results together with those of other fine objects originating from the same treasury show that mainly quartz and glass paste were used on very valuable and outstanding religious items from the Middle Ages to the Gothic period. However, it could not be determined if they represent gems replaced during later times or original ones that were mainly chosen for their colour and not necessarily for their value. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐PIXE and micro‐Raman spectrometry applied to a polychrome wooden altarpiece from the 16th century
Authors: Pagès‐Camagna Sandrine , Calligaro Thomas
Published: July 2004

The aim of this work was to identify the materials used for the colours and the metallic parts of a polychrome wooden altarpiece from the 16th century. Since restoration work on the object was almost completed, no sampling was allowed and the analysis had to be performed in a fully non‐destructive manner. Micro‐Raman spectrometry was employed to identify the pigments and the ground layer. Taking advantage of micro‐cracks, it was possible to show that the ground layer was made of calcite and the blue decorations were made of an azurite layer on top of a carbon black underlayer. Lead white was employed for the white areas and for the carnation. Elemental analysis directly performed in air by PIXE with the external nuclear microprobe of the AGLAE accelerator confirmed the results obtained by Raman spectrometry for the pigments and the preparation. It allows the determination of the composition and thickness of the metallic foils and the nature of the underlying support (bolus), two cases where Raman spectrometry is inefficient. The two techniques proved to be fully complementary for the characterization of the materials used for the decoration of this precious altarpiece. Raman spectrometry permits the identification of all pigments including those containing carbon (soot, azurite or lead white), not accessible to PIXE. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology
Authors: Vandenabeele P.
Published: July 2004

Raman spectroscopy is becoming increasingly important as an analytical and diagnostic tool for the investigation of precious and brittle objects of art and antiquities. In addition to this introductory paper, this special issue of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy contains 31 papers dedicated to this subject. This introduction gives an overview and paints a picture of the different approaches in this field. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.