bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source-sink manipulation and population density effects on fodder and grain yield of hybrid maize
Authors: Emran Shah Al , Haque KMS , Khaliq QA , Miah MY
Published: June 2015

An experiment was carried out in the field laboratory at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, during rabi season of 2009-2010. Planting material was maize var. BARI hybrid maize 7.Three levels of population density (66667, 83333 and 111111 plants ha-1) and four source-sink manipulation, viz. removed all leaf blades below the lower most cob, removed tassel and all leaf blades below the lower most cob, removed all leaf blades except those adjacent to cob and no clipping, were imposed at silking stage. During crop growth, removal of all leaf blades below the cob showed less adverse effect on grain yield and yield parameters and the leaves so removed can be used as green fodder. Removal of tassel and all leaf blades except those adjacent to cob showed adverse effect on grain yield and yield parameters. Complete defoliation severely reduced grains on cob. The highest gross return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) was obtained from the treatment having 1,11,111 plants ha-1 with no clipping while the lowest from the treatment with removal of all leaf blades excluding those adjacent to cob in 66667 plants ha-1. In case of dual purpose, 1,11,111 plants ha-1 with removal of tassel and all leaf blades below the lower most cob gave the highest gross return but 66667 plants ha-1 with removal of all leaf blades below the lower most cob gave the highest BCR (1.78)Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 59-66
Critical period of weed competition in transplant Aus rice cv. BRRI dhan27 under non-saline agro-ecosystem
Authors: Rahman MT , Ahmed S , Lipi NJ , Rashid MH , Hoque MI
Published: June 2015

A study was conducted to determine the critical period of weed competition in transplant Aus rice for var. BRRI dhan27. Among the treatments, weed free condition, competition of weed for first 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days and weed free later on, unweeded condition, one weeding at 20 days after transplanting and one weeding at 40 days after transplanting, the unweeded control plots showed the poor performance result in case of maximum parameters where grain yield was reduced the highest percentage (38.54%). On the basis of cost benefit ratio it was observed that the critical period of crop weed competition extended up to 30 days after transplanting of aus var. BRRI dhan27.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 95-102
Performance of soybean varieties in hilly areas
Authors: Shaheenuzzamn M , Biswas A , Karim MM , Islam MK
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 107-108
Industrial Energy Management Decision Making for Improved Energy Efficiency—Strategic System Perspectives and Situated Action in Combination
Authors: Thollander Patrik , Palm Jenny
Published: June 2015

Improved industrial energy efficiency is a cornerstone in climate change mitigation. Research results suggest that there is still major untapped potential for improved industrial energy efficiency. The major model used to explain the discrepancy between optimal level of energy efficiency and the current level is the barrier model, e.g., different barriers to energy efficiency inhibit adoption of cost-effective measures. The measures outlined in research and policy action plans are almost exclusively technology-oriented, but great potential for energy efficiency improvements is also found in operational measures. Both technology and operational measures are combined in successful energy management practices. Most research in the field of energy management is grounded in engineering science, and theoretical models on how energy management in industry is carried out are scarce. One way to further develop and improve energy management, both theoretically as well as practically, is to explore how a socio-technical perspective can contribute to this understanding. In this article we will further elaborate this potential of cross-pollinating these fields. The aim of this paper is to relate energy management to two theoretical models, situated action and transaction analysis. We conclude that the current model for energy management systems, the input-output model, is insufficient for understanding in-house industrial energy management practices. By the incorporation of situated action and transaction analysis to the currently used input-output model, an enhanced understanding of the complexity of energy management is gained. It is not possible to find a single energy management solution suitable for any industrial company, but rather the idea is to find a reflexive model that can be adjusted from time to time. An idea for such a reflexive model would contain the structural elements from energy management models with consideration for decisions being situated and impossible to predict.
A Stochastic Programming Model for Fuel Treatment Management
Authors: Kabli Mohannad , Gan Jianbang , Ntaimo Lewis
Published: June 2015

This work considers a two-stage stochastic integer programming (SIP) approach for optimizing fuel treatment planning under uncertainty in weather and fire occurrence for rural forests. Given a set of areas for potentially performing fuel treatment, the problem is to decide the best treatment option for each area under uncertainty in future weather and fire occurrence. A two-stage SIP model is devised whose objective is to minimize the here-and-now cost of fuel treatment in the first-stage, plus the expected future costs due to uncertain impact from potential fires in the second-stage calculated as ecosystem services losses. The model considers four fuel treatment options: no treatment, mechanical thinning, prescribed fire, and grazing. Several constraints such as budgetary and labor constraints are included in the model and a standard fire behavior model is used to estimate some of the parameters of the model such as fuel levels at the beginning of the fire season. The SIP model was applied to data for a study area in East Texas with 15 treatment areas under different weather scenarios. The results of the study show, for example, that unless the expected ecosystem services values for an area outweigh fuel treatment costs, no treatment is the best choice for the area. Thus the valuation of the area together with the probability of fire occurrence and behavior strongly drive fuel treatment choices.
Impacts of Climate Change on Vector Borne Diseases in the Mediterranean Basin — Implications for Preparedness and Adaptation Policy
Authors: Negev Maya , Paz Shlomit , Clermont Alexandra , Pri-Or Noemie , Shalom Uri , Yeger Tamar , Green Manfred
Published: June 2015

The Mediterranean region is vulnerable to climatic changes. A warming trend exists in the basin with changes in rainfall patterns. It is expected that vector-borne diseases (VBD) in the region will be influenced by climate change since weather conditions influence their emergence. For some diseases (i.e., West Nile virus) the linkage between emergence andclimate change was recently proved; for others (such as dengue) the risk for local transmission is real. Consequently, adaptation and preparation for changing patterns of VBD distribution is crucial in the Mediterranean basin. We analyzed six representative Mediterranean countries and found that they have started to prepare for this threat, but the preparation levels among them differ, and policy mechanisms are limited and basic. Furthermore, cross-border cooperation is not stable and depends on international frameworks. The Mediterranean countries should improve their adaptation plans, and develop more cross-sectoral, multidisciplinary and participatory approaches. In addition, based on experience from existing local networks in advancing national legislation and trans-border cooperation, we outline recommendations for a regional cooperation framework. We suggest that a stable and neutral framework is required, and that it should address the characteristics and needs of African, Asian and European countries around the Mediterranean in order to ensure participation. Such a regional framework is essential to reduce the risk of VBD transmission, since the vectors of infectious diseases know no political borders.
Association of preS/S Mutations with Occult Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in South Korea: Transmission Potential of Distinct Occult HBV Variants
Authors: Kim Hong , Kim Bum-Joon
Published: June 2015

Occult hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is characterized by HBV DNA positivity but HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negativity. Occult HBV infection is associated with a risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and liver transplantation. Furthermore, occult HBV infection contributes to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We recently reported the characteristic molecular features of mutations in the preS/S regions among Korean individuals with occult infections caused by HBV genotype C2; the variants of preS and S related to severe liver diseases among chronically infected patients were also responsible for the majority of HBV occult infections. We also reported that HBsAg variants from occult-infected Korean individuals exhibit lower HBsAg secretion capacity but not reduced HBV DNA levels. In addition, these variants exhibit increased ROS-inducing capacity compared with the wild-type strain, linking HBV occult infections to liver cell damage. Taken together, our previous reports suggest the transmission potential of distinct HBV occult infection-related variants in South Korea.
Human Gingival Integration-Free iPSCs; a Source for MSC-Like Cells
Authors: Umezaki Yasuyuki , Hashimoto Yoshiya , Nishishita Naoki , Kawamata Shin , Baba Shunsuke
Published: June 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential autologous therapy for tissue engineering. The available procedures for MSC retrieval from patients are invasive, and their limited in vitro proliferation restricts their use in the treatment of damaged tissues. Therefore, it is important to establish an alternative and safe source of MSCs. The objective of this study was to demonstrate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation from a combination of an accessible source tissue and an integration-free method; we also attempted the differentiation of iPSCs into MSC-like cells (MSLCs) for future autologous tissue engineering. iPSCs were derived from human gingival tissues, which are easily accessible in the field of dentistry, via the use of non-integrating episomal plasmids. Established iPSCs expressed embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers, as assessed by gene analysis and immunocytochemistry. Embryoid bodies and teratoma formation were formed from iPSCs, showing their capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. Furthermore, we were successful in differentiating iPSCs into MSLCs. They tested positively for their capacity of trilineage differentiation. Our results demonstrate that human gingival integration-free iPSCs, readily accessible stem cells generated using episomal plasmid vectors, are a promising source of MSLCs, which can be used in tissue regeneration.
Development of Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Thrombotic Disorder Diseases
Authors: He Li-Wei , Dai Wei-Chen , Li Nian-Guang
Published: June 2015

Thrombotic disorders represent the major share of the various cardiovascular diseases, and significant progress has been made in the development of synthetic thrombin inhibitors as new anticoagulants. In addition to the development of highly potent and selective inhibitors with improved safety and suitable half-life, several allosteric inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, that did not fully nullify the procoagulant signal and thus could result in reduced bleeding complications. Furthermore, natural products with thrombin inhibitory activity have been isolated, and some natural products have been modified in order to improve their inhibitory activity and metabolic stability. This review summarizes the development of orally active thrombin inhibitors for the treatment of thrombotic disorder diseases, which could serve as a reference for the interested researchers.
New Polyphenols Identified in Artemisiae abrotani herba Extract
Authors: Baiceanu Elisabeta , Vlase Laurian , Baiceanu Andrei , Nanes Madalina , Rusu Dan , Crisan Gianina
Published: June 2015

Artemisia abrotanum L. (“southernwood”) belongs to the Artemisia genus and it is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of illnesses. Scarce data is available on the chemical composition of this medicinal plant, most research being focused on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of its essential oil. Our aim was to investigate the content and profile of polyphenols, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives present in the Artemisiae abrotani herba extract. We conducted LC/MS analysis and we screened for 19 polyphenols, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. We determined the total content of these compounds and we screened for antioxidant activity. Most polyphenol acids, hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonoids were identified and quantified for the first time in this study. We found an original polyphenol distribution profile with high concentration of sinapic acid, rutin, quercetol, ferulic acid and patuletin. We measured the antioxidant activity, the ethanolic extract presenting a modest radical scavenging activity. The value of this study consists in its novelty as it adds new data on the chemical composition of A. abrotanum L. and it opens novel perspectives for medical and nutritional applications of this plant.
Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Contents in Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) Flower
Authors: Park Chang , Chae Soo , Park Soo-Yun , Kim Jae , Kim Yong , Chung Sun , Arasu Mariadhas , Al-Dhabi Naif , Park Sang
Published: June 2015

The flowers of twenty-three cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. were investigated to determine anthocyanin and carotenoid levels and to confirm the effects of the pigments on the flower colors using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cultivars contained the anthocyanins cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3g) and cyanidin 3-(3ʺ-malonoyl) glucoside (C3mg) and the following carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, 13-cis-β-carotene, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene. The cultivar “Magic” showed the greatest accumulation of total and individual anthocyanins, including C3g and C3gm. On the other hand, the highest level of lutein and zeaxanthin was noted in the cultivar “Il Weol”. The cultivar “Anastasia” contained the highest amount of carotenoids such as trans-β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene. The highest accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin and α-carotene was noted in the cultivar “Anastasia” and “Il Weol”. Our results suggested that ‘Magic”, “Angel” and “Relance’ had high amounts of anthocyanins and showed a wide range of red and purple colors in their petals, whereas “Il Weol’, “Popcorn Ball’ and “Anastasia” produced higher carotenoid contents and displayed yellow or green petal colors. Interestingly, “Green Pang Pang”, which contained a high level of anthocyanins and a medium level of carotenoids, showed the deep green colored petals. “Kastelli”, had high level of carotenoids as well as a medium level of anthocyanins and showed orange and red colored petals. It was concluded that each pigment is responsible for the petal’s colors and the compositions of the pigments affect their flower colors and that the cultivars could be a good source for pharmaceutical, floriculture, and pigment industries.
Egg Yolk Protein Delays Recovery while Ovalbumin Is Useful in Recovery from Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Kobayashi Yukiko , Wakasugi Etsuko , Yasui Risa , Kuwahata Masashi , Kido Yasuhiro
Published: June 2015

Protein is a main nutrient involved in overall iron metabolism in vivo. In order to assess the prevention of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) by diet, it is necessary to confirm the influence of dietary protein, which coexists with iron, on iron bioavailability. We investigated the usefulness of the egg structural protein in recovery from IDA. Thirty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (n = 6) fed a casein diet (4.0 mg Fe/100 g) for 42 days and an IDA model group (n = 25) created by feeding a low-iron casein diet (LI, 0.4 mg Fe/100 g) for 21 days and these IDA rats were fed normal iron diet with different proteins from eggs for another 21 days. The IDA rats were further divided into four subgroups depending on the proteins fed during the last 21 days, which were those with an egg white diet (LI-W, 4.0 mg Fe/100 g, n = 6), those with an ovalbumin diet (LI-A, 4.0 mg Fe/100 g, n = 7), those with an egg yolk-supplemented diet (LI-Y, 4.0 mg Fe/100 g, n = 6), and the rest with a casein diet (LI-C, 4.0 mg Fe/100 g, n = 6). In the LI-Y group, recovery of the hematocrit, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation level and the hepatic iron content were delayed compared to the other groups (p < 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively), resulting in no recovery from IDA at the end of the experimental period. There were no significant differences in blood parameters in the LI-W and LI-A groups compared to the control group. The hepatic iron content of the LI-W and LI-A groups was higher than that of the LI-C group (p < 0.05). We found that egg white protein was useful for recovery from IDA and one of the efficacious components was ovalbumin, while egg yolk protein delayed recovery of IDA. This study demonstrates, therefore, that bioavailability of dietary iron varies depending on the source of dietary protein.
γ-Oryzanol Enhances Adipocyte Differentiation and Glucose Uptake
Authors: Jung Chang , Lee Da-Hye , Ahn Jiyun , Lee Hyunjung , Choi Won , Jang Young , Ha Tae-Youl
Published: June 2015

Recent studies show that brown rice improves glucose intolerance and potentially the risk of diabetes, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. One of the phytochemicals found in high concentration in brown rice is γ-oryzanol (Orz), a group of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpene alcohols. Here, we found that Orz stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and increased the protein expression of adipogenic marker genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhanced binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Moreover, Orz significantly increased the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells and translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the cell surface. To investigate the mechanism by which Orz stimulated cell differentiation, we examined its effects on cellular signaling of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central mediator of cellular growth and proliferation. The Orz treatment increased mTORC1 kinase activity based on phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). The effect of Orz on adipocyte differentiation was dependent on mTORC1 activity because rapamycin blocks cell differentiation in Orz-treated cells. Collectively, our results indicate that Orz stimulates adipocyte differentiation, enhances glucose uptake, and may be associated with cellular signaling mediated by PPAR-γ and mTORC1.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Angelica gigas via Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 Expression
Authors: Cho Joon , Kwon Jung , Cho Youngmi , Kim Inhye , Kang Se
Published: June 2015

Angelica gigas (AG) is effective against various medical conditions such as bacterial infection, inflammation, and cancer. It contains a number of coumarin compounds and the group of interest is the pyranocoumarin, which comprises decursin and decursinol angelate. This group has an effect on controlling inflammation, which is caused by excessive nitric oxide (NO) production. Heme oxygenases (HOs), particularly HO-1, play a role in regulating the production of NO. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AG by measuring HO-1 expression. Treatments with CH2Cl2 layer and Angelica gigas extract (AGE) showed the highest NO inhibition effects. Decursin, decursinol angelate, and nodakenin were isolated from the CH2Cl2 layer of AGE. Decursin also demonstrated the highest anti-oxidative effect among the coumarins. Although decursin had the best NO inhibition and anti-oxidative effects, the effects of AGE treatment far surpassed that of decursin. This is owing to the combination effect of the coumarins present within AGE, which is a solvent extract of AG. The expression of HO-1 is an effective indicator of the anti-inflammatory effects of AG. Based on the results of the coumarin compounds, HO-1 expression was found to be dose dependent and specific to decursin.
Root Traits and Phenotyping Strategies for Plant Improvement
Authors: Paez-Garcia Ana , Motes Christy , Scheible Wolf-Rüdiger , Chen Rujin , Blancaflor Elison , Monteros Maria
Published: June 2015

Roots are crucial for nutrient and water acquisition and can be targeted to enhance plant productivity under a broad range of growing conditions. A current challenge for plant breeding is the limited ability to phenotype and select for desirable root characteristics due to their underground location. Plant breeding efforts aimed at modifying root traits can result in novel, more stress-tolerant crops and increased yield by enhancing the capacity of the plant for soil exploration and, thus, water and nutrient acquisition. Available approaches for root phenotyping in laboratory, greenhouse and field encompass simple agar plates to labor-intensive root digging (i.e., shovelomics) and soil boring methods, the construction of underground root observation stations and sophisticated computer-assisted root imaging. Here, we summarize root architectural traits relevant to crop productivity, survey root phenotyping strategies and describe their advantages, limitations and practical value for crop and forage breeding programs.
Dual Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Sago Pulp-Gelatine Complex Coacervates for Sustained Drug Delivery
Authors: Muniyandy Saravanan , Sathasivam Thenapakiam , Veeramachineni Anand , Janarthanan Pushpamalar
Published: June 2015

In the present work, we report for the first time the complex coacervation of carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) with gelatine for sustained drug delivery. Toluene saturated with glutaraldehyde and aqueous aluminum chloride was employed as cross-linkers. Measurements of zeta potential confirm neutralization of two oppositely charged colloids due to complexation, which was further supported by infrared spectroscopy. The coacervates encapsulated a model drug ibuprofen and formed microcapsules with a loading of 29%–56% w/w and an entrapment efficiency of 85%–93% w/w. Fresh coacervates loaded with drug had an average diameter of 10.8 ± 1.93 µm (n = 3 ± s.d.). The coacervates could encapsulate only the micronized form of ibuprofen in the absence of surfactant. Analysis through an optical microscope evidenced the encapsulation of the drug in wet spherical coacervates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the non-spherical geometry and surface roughness of dried drug-loaded microcapsules. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal analysis confirmed intact and crystalline ibuprofen in the coacervates. Gas chromatography indicated the absence of residual glutaraldehyde in the microcapsules. Dual cross-linked microcapsules exhibited a slower release than mono-cross-linked microcapsules and could sustain the drug release over the period of 6 h following Fickian diffusion.
Analysis of Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Model-Driven Simulations
Authors: Fernández-Isabel Alberto , Fuentes-Fernández Rubén
Published: June 2015

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) integrate information, sensor, control, and communication technologies to provide transport related services. Their users range from everyday commuters to policy makers and urban planners. Given the complexity of these systems and their environment, their study in real settings is frequently unfeasible. Simulations help to address this problem, but present their own issues: there can be unintended mistakes in the transition from models to code; their platforms frequently bias modeling; and it is difficult to compare works that use different models and tools. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a framework for a model-driven development of these simulations. It is based on a specific modeling language that supports the integrated specification of the multiple facets of an ITS: people, their vehicles, and the external environment; and a network of sensors and actuators conveniently arranged and distributed that operates over them. The framework works with a model editor to generate specifications compliant with that language, and a code generator to produce code from them using platform specifications. There are also guidelines to help researchers in the application of this infrastructure. A case study on advanced management of traffic lights with cameras illustrates its use.
Sustainable Development in Maramures County
Authors: Rădulescu Corina , Toader Rita , Boca Gratiela , Abrudan Madela , Anghel Cristian , Toader Diana
Published: June 2015

We argue that a new type of adaptive change management is needed in Romania, in which social and territorial cohesion are key elements of governance, in accordance with sustainable development requirements. Based on critical analysis and comparative study, the paper investigates, using several approaches, the possibility to select those elements that enable determining a viable managerial sustainable development “model” for communities in Maramures County, Romania. New trends worldwide, and the multidimensional aspects of sustainable development of communities, were the subject of examination, through a regional polycentric approach, which led to a new model proposed by the authors. The result is a conceptual integrated model which promotes a balance of interaction between systems—economic, human, environmental and technological—in a dynamic, flexible and functional process.
Overview on Sobemoviruses and a Proposal for the Creation of the Family Sobemoviridae
Authors: Sõmera Merike , Sarmiento Cecilia , Truve Erkki
Published: June 2015

The genus Sobemovirus, unassigned to any family, consists of viruses with single-stranded plus-oriented single-component RNA genomes and small icosahedral particles. Currently, 14 species within the genus have been recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) but several new species are to be recognized in the near future. Sobemovirus genomes are compact with a conserved structure of open reading frames and with short untranslated regions. Several sobemoviruses are important pathogens. Moreover, over the last decade sobemoviruses have become important model systems to study plant virus evolution. In the current review we give an overview of the structure and expression of sobemovirus genomes, processing and functions of individual proteins, particle structure, pathology and phylogenesis of sobemoviruses as well as of satellite RNAs present together with these viruses. Based on a phylogenetic analysis we propose that a new family Sobemoviridae should be recognized including the genera Sobemovirus and Polemovirus. Finally, we outline the future perspectives and needs for the research focusing on sobemoviruses.
La période charnière entre Pliocène et Quaternaire
Authors: Riser Jean , Rognon Pierre
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les formations géologiques et les modelés attribués à la charnière plio-quaternaire sont distincts de ceux du Quaternaire. Cette période charnière se caractérise par des changements climatiques et des mouvements orogéniques préfigurant l'essentiel des paysages actuels.
Trois dictionnaires géographiques : 1842, 1907, 1970
Authors: Meynier André , Pinchemel Philippe
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Réflexions inspirées par la comparaison du contenu de trois dictionnaires. L'analyse statistique reflète bien les tendances du vocabulaire scientifique. Opposition entre géographie physique et géographie humaine qui ne pensent et ne s'expriment pas de la même façon.
La prismation des « laves en pavés » à Lanzarote et Ténérife (Iles Canaries)
Authors: Pomel René-Simon
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les « laves en pavés » sont des formes prismées, sous-jacentes à une peau vitreuse enlevée par érosion. Elles sont associées à Lanzarote (îles Canaries), à des laves dégazées, ou dont le dégazage entretient un ralentissement du refroidissement, dans les tunnels et tumuli laviques. En présence de l'eau de mer, une coulée peu épaisse ne présente plus la prismation caractéristique à plusieurs mailles, mais un aspect écaillé.

Ce type de prismation ne peut être utilisé comme critère de surveillance d'un volcan par son exhaussement, mais est d'un grand intérêt morphogénétique.
Processus éruptifs et glaciaires durant la période «Pollalie» au Mount Hood (Chaîne des cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.) (Eruptive and glacial processes during the Pollalie period at Mount Hood, High cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.)
Authors: Thouret Jean-Claude
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Durant la période éruptive «Pollalie» du Mount Hood, à la fin de la glaciation Fraser, les pyroclastites issues de l'activité éruptive de dômes sommitaux ont été mêlées à divers dépôts volcaniclastiques et glaciaires remaniés. Cette période éruptive majeure pourrait être partagée en deux épisodes, older et younger Pollalie. L'emboîtement des deux séquences et leur stratigraphie suggèrent qu'elles ont été séparées par une courte phase de dissection et peut-être par une réavancée glaciaire mineure. L'activité éruptive des dômes et les processus d'origine glaciaire ont probablement interféré dans la sédimentation volcaniclastique.
Les essaims de cratères d'explosion du Katwe et du Bunyaruguru au Sud du Ruwenzori (Uganda) (Explosion crater swarms of Katwe and Bunyaruguru, South of Ruwenzori, Uganda)
Authors: Battistini René
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The volcanic fields of Katwe and Bunyaruguru consist of approximately 150 maars, with frequent intersections giving composite forms. In soft material (Epi Kaiso beds) craters are larger, with flat rims ; the walls are rapidly eroded, giving a flat bottom. In solid material (precambrian rocks) craters are smaller, with prominent rims, and generally uneroded. The craters are due to gaseous explosion, without extrusion of lava. Exceptionaly, minor potassic ultrabasic lavas are found. Phreatomagmatic dynamism is suggested.
Les maars languedociens. Leur contribution à l'évolution morphologique quaternaire (Maars of Languedoc. Their contribution to quaternary landform evolution)
Authors: Ambert Paul
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'étude du remplissage des maars permet de distinguer un Quaternaire initial (maar de Nogaret) et un Quaternaire moyen (maars de Péret, Le Riège, Saint-Macaire d'une part, Saint-Thibéry - Vias d'autre part).
Parade aux effets des inondations (Approaches to reduce the flood problems)
Authors: Dacharry Monique
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - While measures adopted to combat flood losses are increased and in spite of large scale investments in engineering protection works, there is a growing flood-loss trend. The choice of adjustments to flood risk is complex. It certainly requires a comprehensive approach to both factors contributing to the disaster : the physical flood event and the human land use of floodplain. But the application is difficult as shown in the case of the river Sambre in Northern France.
Mise en place et évolution du réseau hydrographique de la Hamada du Guir au Quaternaire (Sahara septentrional) (Settlement and evolution of the Ghir Hamada hydrographic network during the Quaternary, northern Sahara)
Authors: Cornet Cécile
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Après les épandages aréolaires villafranchiens, à l'origine d'un vaste glacis (Petite Hamada) dont les limites sont rectifiées, on assiste au Pleistocène moyen à une reprise de l'érosion linéaire qui donne naissance aux «grands oueds » de la Grande Hamada du Guir sur laquelle on distingue deux zones, de part et d'autre d'une ligne Mhreimine - Chefar el Ahmar. Au sud et à l'ouest de cette ligne le réseau hydrographique débouche sur la Petite Hamada où il abandonne ses déjections qui s'accumulent, alors qu'au nord et à l'est elles sont évacuées par le collecteur Guir-Saoura. Au Pleistocene supérieur, les «grands oueds» s'assèchent, au Sud de la ligne Mhreimine - Chefar el Ahmar, et sont remplacés par un système d'« oueds mineurs», tant sur la Grande que sur la Petite Hamada, et n'atteignent pas le collecteur régional. Au nord de cette ligne, on constate l'apparition de semblables menus drains en nombre réduit du fait que les «grands oueds» restent fonctionnels.
Géographie physique et risques naturels (Physical geography and natural hazards)
Authors: Faugères Lucien
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The importance of natural hazards has been for a long time under estimated in France. This situation is rapidly changing. Several factors may be considered as determinant for this evolution. New orientations progressively prevail in physical geography, which is more opened to global approaches and is eager to take in account natural phenomenons producing important socio-economic impacts. The recent years have been marqued by numerous manifestations of natural hazards with dramatic effects and heavy costs. Most of the french physical geographers are dealing with some of the various aspects of this new research theme. This meeting represents an attempt at presenting a first assessment of their reflections and their interventions based on field cases.
La place des risques naturels dans la recherche en géographie physique. L'exemple du laboratoire 141 CNRS (The study of natural hazards within the laboratory of physical geography 141 -CNRS)
Authors: Godard Alain
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - In a laboratory where there is no specialized unit in the study of natural hazards, Physical Geography usefully contributes, however, to the researches in this field. Examples of instability potentials, of hazardous phenomena, of society responses, of application fields are presented, based on recent studies made within the Laboratory of Physical Geography «URA 141, CNRS», Meudon. The variety of topics reflects the diversity of possible contributions.
Les mouvements de terrain en Basilicate (Italie méridionale) (Mass-movements in Basilicata, southern Italy)
Authors: Neboit-Guilhot René
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Etude de la répartition des mouvements de terrain (frane) en Basilicate à partir d'une carte des désordres hydrogéologiques publiée par la Caisse du Midi. On distingue le cas de l'Apennin où ils affectent les versants de schistes, flyschs et argille scagliose, et celui de la fosse bradanique où ils se localisent au pied des corniches de conglomérats calabriens, au sommet des interfluves. Ces mouvements représentent un risque important pour l'habitat perché, en particulier en cas de séisme.
Les risques volcaniques et volcano-glaciaires dans les montagnes peuplées. Identification, cartographie et évaluation (Assessment and mapping of volcanic and volcanic-glacial hazards)
Authors: Thouret Jean-Claude
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The eruptions of the eighties were the deadliest of this century since 1902, evincing that disaster preparedness and awereness-promotion programs for the population at risk and decision makers are still inoperative. Thus, an effective mitigation of the risk from volcanic and related hazards should include 5 tasks : identification of high-risk volcanoes ; active volcano monitoring and eruption forecasting ; hazard identification, assessment, and zonation (including the still underestimated volcanic-glacial hazard) ; engineering-oriented countermeasures ; land-use planning and emergency management. Such a risk mitigation is pressing, because most of the dangerous volcanoes are located in densely populated mountains of the developping countries that lack the economic and technical resources or the political will for volcano monitoring and disaster preparedness.
La défense contre la mer de la côte ouest du Cotentin (Protective measures against sea erosion in the Cotentin)
Authors: Levoy Franck
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Présentation de la situation le long de la côte sableuse du Cotentin. Les risques d'érosion et de submersion. Esquisse d'une politique globale de défense du trait de côte.
L'agriculture de plantation en Asie du Sud-Est (Agricultural plantations in South-East Asia). Présentation
Authors: Blanadet Raymond
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - As regards the tree-crop sector, South-East Asia maintains or improves its position in comparison to that of the pre-war period and this is mainly due to its specific productions such as rubber, palm and coconut oil, pepper. This situation is accompanied by a considerable evolution of the production structures, marked by a relative decline of the estate sector inherited from the colonial period and the rapid growth of new small-holding generations under technical assistance.
Images de l'hévéaculture vietnamienne (About heveaculture in Vietnam)
Authors: Balaize Claude
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Au Viêt-nam, l'hévéaculture, dont l'histoire se confond, jusqu'en 1975, avec celle d'une présence française, trouve des conditions physiques optimales. La visite récente de plantations révèle, à la fois, les atouts humains et les handicaps socio-économiques de cette hévéaculture aujourd'hui étatisée. Les objectifs ambitieux auxquels le Viêt-nam peut prétendre en ce domaine requièrent une coopération internationale, dans laquelle la France paraît, d'ores et déjà, prête à s'engager.
L'évolution récente des cultures fruitières en Thaïlande (Thaï fruit cultivation recent changes)
Authors: Laine Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Thailand grows fruits from unmemorable times but, since about two decades, this cultivation is taking a great development in export markets. A large variety of fruits is produced on around 500 000 ha of orchards for the whole country and fresh fruits exports are steadily gaining ground since 1981. Fruit cultivation and fresh fruits exports still have many problems to deal with, but the prospects for future growth are very promising.
La «plantation» dans le monde tropical. Un point de vue asiatique (A point of view about agricultural plantations)
Authors: Delvert Jean
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - This paper is a discussion about the word "plantation" in the tropical zone, and a review of different kinds of estates and small holdings in the tropical countries from this point of view.
Anglophonie contre francophonie. Le Québec et la frontière culturelle canado-américaine (English-speaking versus french-speaking spaces. Quebec and Canada-US cultural border)
Authors: Sanguin André-Louis
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - En termes de géographie culturelle, le Québec s'inscrit dans un triangle spatial avec le Canada et les Etats-Unis. Le Canada constitue une entité culturelle mal affirmée alors que la frontière culturelle Québec/Etats-Unis a toujours été sous-estimée. Dans le rapport politique Canada/Québec, Montréal représente une zone de tension entre l'anglophonie et la francophonie. Le Québec est l'enjeu de deux solutions spatiales : le bilinguisme par superposition et le bilinguisme par juxtaposition. Le nouvel espace québécois fonctionne sur trois registres : intégration politique par l'acte constitutionnel fédéral de 1982, continentalisation de l'économie par l'accord de libre-échange Canada/Etats-Unis de 1989, compartimentage culturel par l'accord du lac Meech de 1987.
Des usines aux centres commerciaux : reconversion économique et développement durable en proche banlieue parisienne ? (From factories to shopping centre: economic redeployment and sustainable development in close parisian suburbs?)
Authors: Lestrade Sophie , Metton Alain
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - For a long time, the shopping centres developed in remote periphery with a motorized accessibility and following forms not very compatible with the concept of urban sustainable development. Since the years 1990, the shopping centres penetrate in dense Parisian suburbs, where they replace the industrial waste lands, and become tools for urban renewal and factors of integration for underprivileged populations. This economic redeployment carried out with a great attention given to the social and environmental factors. It required new ways of thinking the relation between trade and the city, thanks to the dialogue between the various actors : promoters, elected officials and consumers as the various precepts related to the sustainable development were getting more and more efficient.
La production agro-alimentaire française face à la grande distribution : l'équitable et le durable dans le discours et les stratégies des fournisseurs (The french agro-food production in front of food retailing : equity and sustainability in purveyor's speeches and strategies)
Authors: Pilleboue J. , Pouzenc Michaël , Metton Alain
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Dans une perspective de développement durable, il peut être intéressant de préciser comment les activités économiques façonnent pour partie notre rapport aux territoires et à la nature. Parmi ces activités, celles de la grande distribution sont généralement présentées en termes négatifs. En fait, la réalité semble assez complexe ; selon les secteurs de production ou le type de fournisseur, la grande distribution adopte des positions fluides, mouvantes, différenciées, nécessitant de situer les rapports avec chaque filière, avec chaque interlocuteur commercial, dans leur contexte économique et social, à un moment donné. On comprend mieux, ainsi, les difficultés que rencontrent les pouvoirs publics pour instaurer une régulation globale et durable des relations entre la grande distribution et ses fournisseurs.
Le terrain, les programmes scolaires et les figures du géographe (Fieldwork, curricula and geographer figures)
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Pierre , Hugonie Gérard
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Fieldwork and practice are at the joining point of pedagogical concern and geographical thought. But, in despite of many pedagogical injunctions from the 1880thies to the 1980thies, fieldworks stay scares at school. This may be related to the different figures of the Geographer : office geographer, open-air geographer and workshop geographer. These three figures of the Geographer can be associated, from the Enlightment to the beginning of the XXIth century, with three modalities for scholar geography : as memory branch of learning, as experimental and general science and as a teaching method based upon documents.
Novel carbocationic rearrangements of 1-styrylpropargyl alcohols
Authors: Basmadjian Christine , Zhang Fan , Désaubry Laurent
Published: June 2015

The dehydration and subsequent cyclization reactions of 1-styrylpropargyl alcohols was examined. In the course of these studies, numerous scaffolds were synthesized, including a furan, a cyclopentenone, an acyclic enone and even a naphthalenone. The diversity of these structural motifs lies in novel cascades of reactions originating from a common carbocationic manifold.
INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING METHODS ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPESEED OIL LUBRICANTS
Authors: Padgurskas Juozas , Rukuiža Raimundas , Meškinis Algirdas , Kreivaitis Raimondas , Spruogis Bronislovas
Published: June 2015

Tribological properties of rapeseed oils manufactured and processed by different methods and modified by the anti-wear additives were analysed. Tribological tests presented that unrefined rapeseed oil has better wear resistance compared to refined oil. Modification of rapeseed oil with 2% of special biological anti-wear additives has the greatest influence on refined rapeseed oil. Chemical analysis shows that refinement removes acids from oil. Refinement and lower acidity allows more efficient operation of special biological anti-wear additives.
EXTENDED HESITANT FUZZY SETS
Authors: ZHU Bin , XU Zeshui
Published: June 2015

Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) are a useful tool to manage situations in which the decision makers (DMs) hesitate about several possible values for the membership to assess a variable, alternative, etc. However, HFSs have the information loss problem and cannot identify different DMs, which interferes with the application of HFSs in decision making. To overcome these limitations, we develop the extended hesitant fuzzy sets (EHFSs) in this paper. As an extension of HFSs, EHFSs have close relationships with existing fuzzy sets including intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), fuzzy multisets (FMSs), type-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs), dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFSs), and especially HFSs. We propose a concept of extended hesitant fuzzy elements (EHFEs), then study the basic operations and the desirable properties of EHFEs in detail. Some extended hesitant distance measures are developed to illustrate their advantages comparing with the existing hesitant distance measures. To extend EHFSs to decision making, we combine the proposed distance measures with the Dempster-Shafer belief structure.
Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Increased Spine and Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density of Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis with Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Li Haibo , Li Qiuxia , Chen Xi , Ji Chen , Gu Jieruo
Published: June 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with low BMD.

Methods.

Eighty-nine patients with active AS with low BMD were randomly divided into either a study group or a control group. The study group received etanercept (50 mg/week) or adalimumab (40 mg/2 week) subcutaneously for 1 year. BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone turnover markers serum C telopeptide of type-I collagen (sCTX) and serum procollagen type-I N propeptide (PINP) were detected by ELISA at baseline and at end of study.

Results.

After 1 year, compared with baseline, there was a significant increase in spine and femoral neck BMD by a mean ± SD of 14.9% ± 15.6% (p < 0.0001) and 4.7% ± 7.9% (p < 0.0001) in the study group. In the control group, there was a significant decrease in spine and femoral neck BMD by a mean ± SD of −8.6% ± 9.7% (p < 0.0001) and −9.8% ± 11.5% (p < 0.0001). Compared with baseline, sCTX was significantly decreased in the study group (−40% at 1 yr, p < 0.0001), but bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and PINP increased (45.6%, p < 0.0001 and 30.8%, p < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion.

In patients with active AS with low BMD, the spine and femoral neck BMD increased after anti-TNF therapy for 1 year, and it was accompanied by a significant decrease in bone resorption markers and an increase in bone formation markers.