bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of age on acoustic reflex thresholds in neonates and infants with normal hearing
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Vanaja C. S.
Published: April 2021

Background: High frequency (1000 Hz) probe tone holds substantial promise for carrying out acoustic reflexes in neonates and infants. A limited number of studies indicates that acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) also change significantly with age as the newborn hearing system matures. However, there is a need for obtaining more data before using it in a clinical population. The aim was to investigate effect of age of infants on ARTs. Effect of activator signal was also explored. 

Methods: ARTs were monitored using a 1 kHz probe tone for the 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz pure tone activators in neonates and infants in the age range of 6 to 8 weeks were analysed.

Results: The mean ARTs for neonates were lower compared to infants. Results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant age effect. Also, ARTs for high frequency activator signals were significantly higher than the ARTs for low frequency signals.

Conclusions: The acoustic reflexes can be elicited for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz when monitored using a 1000 Hz probe tone. There is an effect of age and activator signal on the acoustic reflex threshold. The data obtained in the present study can serve as normative for 0-1-week neonates and 6-8-weeks infants.
Evidence of independent introductions of RHDV2 strains in Poland based on the genome analysis of viral isolates from 2016–2018
Authors: Fitzner Andrzej , Kesy Andrzej , Bulenger Krzysztof , Niedbalski Wieslaw
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was the molecular epidemiology of independently introduced RHDV2 strains in Poland. The nucleotide sequences of RHDV2 diagnosed in domestic rabbits in 2018 in the voivodeships of Swietokrzyskie (strain PIN), Malopolskie (strain LIB) and Mazowieckie (strain WAK), and RHDVa from 2015 (strain F77-3) recognized in wild rabbits in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship were compared to the genome sequences of the first native RHDV2 strains from 2016–2017. The reference sequences available in public databases, the representative for a classical RHDV (G1-G5 genogroups), RHDVa (G6), non-pathogenic caliciviruses (RCV, GI.3 and GI.4) as well as original and recombinant RHDV2 isolates were included for this analysis. Nucleotide sequence similarity among the most distanced RHDV2 strains isolated in Poland in 2018 was from 92.3% to 98.2% in the genome sequence encoding ORF1, ORF2 and 3’UTR, between 94.8–98.7% in the VP60 gene and between 91.3-98.1% in non-structural proteins (NSP) region. The diversity between three RHDV2 and RHDVa from 2015 was up to 16.3% in the VP60 region. Similarities are shown for the VP60 tree within the RHDV2 group, however, the nucleotide analysis of NSP region revealed the differences between older and new native RHDV2 strains. The Polish RHDV2 isolates from 2016-2017 clustered together with RHDV G1/RHDV2 recombinants, first identified in the Iberian Peninsula in 2012, while all strains from 2018 are close to the original RHDV2. The F77-3 strain clustered to well supported RHDVa (G6) genetic group, together with other Polish and European RHDVa isolates. Based on the results of phylogenetic characterization of RHDV2 strains detected in Poland between 2016–2018 and the chronology of their emergence it can be concluded that RHDV2 strains of 2018 and RHDV2 strains of 2016–2017 were introduced independently thus confirming their different origin and simultaneous pathway of spreading.
IMPACT ENERGY OR ENERGY OF THE SHOCK PULSE: WHAT AND HOW TO MEASURE?
Authors: Yampolsky D.Z.
Published: April 2021

In the proposed review, the physical regularities of shock processes in impact machines, procedures and means of their registration by the strain gauge method are considered. Recommendations for measuring the energy of a single impact and the energy of a shock pulse, certification of measuring transducers and processing of experimental data are given. Examples of measurements with an estimate of the error of the results obtained are given
Distribution of winter damsels (odonata: lestidae) in south-eastern Belarus
Authors:   Gomel State Medical University, Ostrovsky A.M.
Published: April 2021

The brief data from our research on distribution of Common and Siberian Winter Damsels in South- Eastern Belarus are analysed in this article. As a results of observations, it was found that S. paedisca is much more widespread than previously assumed, and a new habitat of S. fusca was discovered in this region.
The length of the development phases and the growing season of Nigella sativa L. along altitude gradients (the example of Dagestan)
Authors: Gabibullaeva L. A.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study of the duration life cycle and phenological phases of plants  of Nigella sativa L. (variability depending on height above sea level, seed  quality and climatic conditions of the year). 

Material  and Methods.  Generally  accepted  methods described  in  the  relevant guidelines were used in conducting the research. Samples of  Nigella sativa (black cumin) were sourced from various eco‐geographical  origins: Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Syria, Egypt and Azerbaijan.  

Results. It was determined that with an increase in height above sea level  of the place of growth, the life cycle of plants of N. sativa samples is  prolonged and their content of palmitic acid decreases.  

Conclusion. The main reason for the above‐mentioned negative changes is  a decrease in the average daily temperature with altitude above sea level  and, as a result, a delay in the accumulation of the sum of effective  temperatures necessary for the passage of certain stages of individual  development and the life cycle as a whole.
Biodiagnostics of stability of soils of southern Russia to silver pollution
Authors: Kolesnikov S. I. , Tsepina N. I. , Minnikova Т. V. , Sudina L. V. , Kazeev К. Sh.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess the resistance of soils in the south of Russia to silver pollution using biological indicators.

Methods. The contamination of soils in southern Russia (ordinary chernozem, grey sandy and brown forest soils) was simulated with silver under laboratory conditions. Soils were contaminated with water‐soluble silver nitrate in order to reveal the maximum ecotoxicity of silver. Soil stability was assessed according to the most sensitive and informative biological parameters in dynamics of 10, 30 and 90 days after pollution.

Results. Silver contamination inhibits the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase and dehydrogenases), reduces the total number of bacteria and the growth and development of radish. For all soils, a direct relationship was noted between silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of soil properties. The toxic effect of silver was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. According to their resistance to silver pollution, the soils investigated form the following sequence: ordinary chernozem> grey sandy soil ≥ brown forest soil.

Conclusion. The light granulometric composition of grey sandy soils and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low organic matter content, contribute to the high mobility and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. Regional maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of silver content in ordinary chernozems, grey sandy and brown forest soils have been determined as ‐ 4.4, 0.9 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively.
Ways to optimize steppe under of oil and gas production
Authors: Myachina К. V. , Krasnov E. V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To substantiate ways of geo‐ecological optimization of an oil and gas field landscape (through the example of the Volga‐Ural steppe region).

Materials and Methods. The development of directions for geoecological optimization of landscape is based on the authors’ previously developed ideas about the transformation processes of landscape, the formation and stages of the oil and gas natural‐technogenic geosystem development, and the hierarchy and multi‐scale of technogenic changes of landscape.

Results. Optimization solutions were developed for the successive stages of planning of oil and gas extraction, operation of an oil and gas natural‐technogenic geosystem field and the end of development and disposal of oil and gas facilities. The main direction of landscape optimization is highlighted and its tasks and principles formulated.

Conclusion. Reducing technogenic impact on steppe landscape, its control and regulation is not only a problem of scientific research, but also one of the state of public consciousness and the setting of priorities by management bodies. Methods of reducing the impact and restoringsteppe landscapes can only be effective as a result of implementing a targeted policy of greening education and a corresponding change in public consciousness.
Sanjaya Lall: la competitividad industrial y las capacidades tecnológicas
Authors: Osorio-Barreto Daniel , Cardona-Arenas Carlos David , Naranjo Herrera Cristhian Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Este artículo busca identificar el desarrollo teórico y empírico del campo de investigación de la competitividad industrial en torno al concepto de capacidades tecnológicas propuesto por Sanjaya Lall en el marco de las firmas. Se emplea una metodología que consiste en la revisión sistemática de literatura durante el periodo comprendido entre 1987 y 2019. Como principal hallazgo, el estudio permitió identificar claramente tres líneas futuras de investigación sobre la dinámica de las capacidades tecnológicas, la estructura de incentivos y el análisis de las variables macrofundamentales, lo que permite concluir que existe un campo de estudio emergente con relación a las interacciones entre las capacidades tecnológicas, desde su perspectiva económica, y los recursos y capacidades desde la literatura estratégica y administrativa. Con lo cual este estudio aporta de manera significativa a la reflexión teórica en la relación que existe entre las capacidades tecnológicas y la gestión, las métricas de los recursos de la firma y los escenarios, ambientes y procesos de aprendizaje en el ámbito individual, colectivo, organizativo e interorganizativo de las firmas.
Jean Tirole y la nueva identidad de la ciencia económica
Authors: Tobón Alexander
Published: April 2021

En La economía del bien común, Jean Tirole marcó un punto de inflexión en la forma de concebir los problemas y métodos utilizados en la economía. Este artículo busca mostrar que esos componentes delimitan una nueva identidad para la ciencia económica, pero sin teoría económica. Para ello, se controvierte la posición de Tirole según la cual la economía debe ser reubicada dentro de las ciencias sociales y humanas. En consecuencia, este artículo contribuye a la reflexión sobre el alcance analítico de la nueva ciencia económica y el significado de lo que hacen los economistas en la actualidad.
La minería y su impacto en el desarrollo económico en Colombia
Authors: Fuentes López Héctor Javier , Ferrucho-Parra Cindy Carolina , Martínez-González William Alexander
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis teórico y empírico sobre la relación que se dio entre la minería y el desarrollo en Colombia tomando como referencia los años 2016 y 2017. Se examina el proceso histórico de la minería en Colombia, con el ánimo de comprender su trascendencia y su correlación espacial con variables sociales. A partir de los conceptos institucionalistas y del uso de modelos de datos panel, se busca determinar que los efectos que la actividad minera en Colombia ha generado en variables sociales como el índice de desarrollo humano, el coeficiente de GINI y la pobreza son ocasionados por variables institucionales como el desempeño municipal y no por variables relacionadas con la minería como el PIB minero. Se encuentra que la minería no ha contribuido al mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales en los territorios donde tiene más representatividad y que, contrario a lo esperado, ha incrementado los procesos de desigualdad y no ha tenido ningún efecto sobre la pobreza.
Adapting pastoral breeding to global changes in West and Central tropical Africa: Review of ecological views
Authors: Hiernaux Pierre , Assouma Mohamed Habibou
Published: April 2021

Pastoral livestock is defined as a reproduction-oriented, grazing-based familial livestock system with community-managed resources. Pastoral breeders differ from one another in the diversity of species and breeds raised, the size and management of herds and the extent of their regional mobility. The social, economic and environmental weight of pastoralist livestock in West and Central sub-Saharan Africa is evoked together with its imputation of environmental degradation. Global changes faced by pastoral livestock are sorted out by domains, climatic and societal, and by time scales, short or long. The incriminated impacts of livestock on ecosystems are assessed in the short and long terms. The functions of pastoral breeding already affected by global changes whether climatic or societal are analyzed. The capacity of two alternative livestock breeding systems, ranching and stall-feeding, to respond to these constraints is reviewed. Finally, pastoral breeding has been recognized as being able to adapt best to long-term climate change and to short- and long-term societal changes, provided that national and international investments are made. Civil security must be restored and pastoralists’ access to water and fodder resources must be secured. Professional organizations and associations should be empowered to negotiate grazing rights, and their skills should be enhanced. There is the need to complete, rehabilitate and manage hydraulic and veterinary infrastructures, but also to invest significantly in adapted health, education and communication infrastructures in long-neglected pastoral areas.
Clinical case of renal and pararenal abscess
Authors: Styazhkina S. N. , Abramovich A. A. , Valeeva I. R. , Timirova R. R.
Published: April 2021

Renal and pararenal abscesses are rare but serious diseases that result from infection of kidneys or tissues around them. This article examines a clinical case of renal and paranephric abscess, presents modern data on the etiology of the disease, types of abscesses, and describes the mechanisms and risk factors for the development of renal and pararenal abscesses, as well as the main diagnostic measures.
Surgical treatment of a patient with combined lesion of the coronary and carotid arterial systems
Authors: Ridel V. Yu. , Mikhailov K. M. , Sentsova M. D. , Mikhailov N. M.
Published: April 2021

A clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with atherosclerotic combined lesions of the coronary and carotid areas is presented. A staged surgery was performed. The first stage was carotid endarterectomy sequentially on both sides. The second stage is three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient was examined 2 years after the operation. There are no data on restenosis of the reconstruction zone of the carotid system. The return of angina pectoris is not noted.
Modern trends in the prevalence of large intestinal diseases in the udmurt republic in 2019–2020.
Authors: Koscheeva L. A. , Adieva A. R. , Styazhkina S. N.
Published: April 2021

At the present stage of the development of medicine there is a tendency to increase diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The colon is the final stage of the digestion process, but it is no less important link in the gastrointestinal tract. The large intestine includes such important functions as: transport, motor, excretory. Colon pathologies in the structure of surgical morbidity are widespread; in recent years, an increase in their incidence has been noted. According to literature data, more than 11.3 % of the total adult population of the planet suffer from non-neoplastic diseases of the large intestine. This is 16–29 % of the total number of coloproctological patients. Men 30–50 years old get sick 4 times more often than women of the same age. At the present stage of the development of medicine, diseases of the colon are divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature. Inflammatory diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are recurrent diseases in which chronic inflammation of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract is observed. Non-inflammatory diseases include diseases such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colon diverticula, and others [1–8]. In the Udmurt Republic, the incidence of non-inflammatory diseases of the large intestine prevails over inflammatory ones. The aim of our study was to study the structure and identify the most common noninflammatory diseases of the large intestine in the Udmurt Republic for 75 2019–2020. It is difficult to understand the real prevalence of colon diseases because people are embarrassed to see a doctor due to the emergence of psychological barriers. Without adequate treatment, these diseases lead to the chronicity of processes and the occurrence of complications, most often with which patients are admitted to the hospital department. However, our research is certainly important in the field of coloproctology, statistics show the main aspects that require close attention of practitioners.
Forensic injury characteristics in explosive trauma mass case
Authors: Zotkin D. A. , Kislov M. A. , Krupin K. N.
Published: April 2021

The use of improvised explosive devices for terrorist purposes in crowded areas forms explosive trauma as a form of violent peacetime trauma. The forensic aspect of such events is associated with the reconstruction of explosion circumstances, in which the structure of organs and tissues damage of the body is important, as morphological equivalents of damaging factors impact. Based on the archival material of forensic medical examinations, identical mass cases of explosive trauma are summarized, in the assessment of which the characteristics of explosion damaging factors and the damage to the body corresponding to their effects are given, which can be used in forensic practice to establish the conditions and circumstances of the explosion, as well as the reconstruction of these events.
Heart transplant in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Aniskevich G. V. , Sadrieva G. A.
Published: April 2021

TA clinical case of successful orthotopic heart transplantation using the biatrial technique with the displacement of the persistent left superior vena cava into the right atrium. The achieved clinical effect as a result of the treatment fully justifies the chosen surgical tactics and allows us to recommend the proposed tactics for the treatment of such a rare pathology.
Echography in liver transplantation: a literature review
Authors: Donova L. V. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Magomedov K. M.
Published: April 2021

Liver transplantation is rightly considered the only radical treatment for terminal chronic liver diseases and patients with acute liver failure. However, despite the accumulated experience in the management of patients in this group, the level of complications development remains at a fairly high level. The success of the correction of emerging pathological conditions largely depends on the timing of their diagnosis. Since complications developing after liver transplantation most often do not have specific clinical and biochemical manifestations, the use of imaging research methods plays a key role in assessing the state of the transplanted organ at all stages of the postoperative period. Among all instrumental methods, ultrasound examination using Doppler techniques, carried out hourly directly in the intensive care unit, with an accuracy of 97 % and a specificity of up to 100 %, makes it possible to detect vascular post-transplant complications as soon as possible. Their timely correction avoids the loss of the graft. The use of dynamic observation contributes to differential diagnosis in identifying non-vascular complications at different stages of the postoperative period. The use of modern techniques greatly expands the possibilities of echography. Thus, the use of contrast enhancement not only shortens the study time, but also increases the sensitivity of Dopplerography in assessing the patency of the vascular bed, especially in patients with decreased central hemodynamics. The use of ARFI-elastography techniques in patients in the late postoperative period makes it possible to objectively assess the severity of hepatic graft fibrosis.
“The wounded Beast?” - Single Women, Tradition, and the Bible in Zimbabwe
Authors: Biri Kudzai
Published: April 2021

BiAS 28/ ERA 6 captures the experiences of single women in Zimbabwe. It brings out the indigenous cultural socialisations that negatively impact on them. The vibrancy of Pentecostalism did not save them from stigma and negative perceptions but rather fuels their challenges and misery. The over-glorification of marriage over and above singlehood and in extreme cases denunciation of singlehood, has implications for single women, especially for those who have divorced. The attitudes and perceptions towards single women in the families, society and Church are largely adversarial and do not attach dignity and value, in a nation where marriage and motherhood remain important and cherished statuses. Therefore, the author adopts a multi-dimensional approach in analysing and critiquing the pitfalls of Shona indigenous cultures, limitations of Pentecostal gender ideology and proffers avenues that can create safe spaces for single women.
ESTUDO HIDROLÓGICO DO EFEITO DE BARRAMENTO HIDRÁULICO NO RIO TARUMÃ-AÇU, MANAUS-AM
Authors: Siqueira Luan Ferreira , Filizola Naziano
Published: April 2021

Rios amazônicos desempenham função estratégia no desenvolvimento da região. Estuda-los permite orientar na tomada de decisão em relação ao gerenciamento dos usos conflitosos dos recursos de uma bacia hidrográfica. No entanto, ainda é grande a falta de dados hidrológicos sobre eles, sobretudo em pequenas bacias. Um rio pode ter seus atributos alterados por outro através das características físicas de sua confluência e pelo fenômeno do barramento hidráulico. Esse é o caso de um afluente do rio Negro, o rio Tarumã-Açu, maior rio da zona urbana de Manaus, Amazonas – Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como o efeito de barramento hidráulico e as características morfológicas da confluência interagem com os parâmetros físicos do rio Tarumã-Açu. Para isso, foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados entre os anos de 2018 e 2019 utilizando o Perfilador Acústico de Corrente por Efeito Doppler (ADCP) de 600 kHz, em cinco seções transversais no rio Tarumã-Açu e no rio Negro, antes e após a foz do Tarumã-Açu, realizando medidas de vazão, velocidade e direção do fluxo, profundidade, largura, temperatura superficial e retorno do eco retroespalhado pelo equipamento (backscatter). Devido à ausência de medição de cota no rio Tarumã-Açu, somou-se a profundidade média com a elevação do leito para se obter o nível da água. O nível do leito, por sua vez, foi obtida através de levantamento batimétrico com o ADCP, georreferenciada ao nível do mar pelo método de Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso. O modelo hidráulico HEC-RAS foi empregado para estimar o comportamento do efeito de barramento hidráulico do rio Negro sobre o nível da água do rio Tarumã-Açu. Os testes foram realizados tomando o escoamento como unidimensional, permanente e subcrítico. Os resultados mostram vazões bastante dispersas, altamente influenciadas pela velocidade e profundidade da seção. Observou-se por meio da velocidade do fluxo, da temperatura superficial e do backscatter, que a entrada do rio Negro pela superfície do rio Tarumã-Açu sobre um trecho de 17 km a montante de sua foz, o que causa alteração nas características físico-químicas de suas águas. Testes com HEC-RAS apontam que o Tarumã-Açu assume o mesmo nível do rio Negro quando este atinge a cota de 19 metros (nível do mar), independente da vazão a montante, o que ocorre durante cinco meses do ano em média. A discordância entre os leitos dos canais, o ângulo da confluência e a razão de fluxo de momentum entre os rios são as possíveis causas da influência constante do rio Negro sobre o rio Tarumã-Açu.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DA COMPLEXIDADE DA LINHA DE COSTA SUL-SUDESTE BRASILEIRA POR MÉTODOS FRACTAIS
Authors: Leiria Schattschneider Jessica , Bonetti Jarbas
Published: April 2021

Linhas de costa apresentam morfometria complexa, podendo ser medida pela dimensão fractal (D), um parâmetro quantitativo relativa a complexidade da feição. O presente estudo utiliza o método divisor de passos e o método de contagem de caixas para classificar, em termos de D, quatro compartimentos da linha de costa sul-sudeste brasileira. Ambos retornaram valores de acordo com o nível de complexidade descrito por classificações qualitativas tradicionais, evidenciando o potencial de D como indicador quantitativo da complexidade costeira. A análise do ajuste da curva fractal (R²), mostra o método divisor de passos como o mais recomendado neste caso, indicando que ao sul do Cabo de Santa Marta a complexidade é baixa e homogênea (D = 1,08), e compartimentos ao norte deste limite como mais complexos (D = 1,16 e D = 1,23). Quebras nas curvas fractais dos compartimentos ao norte do Cabo de Santa Marta indicam uma mudança no padrão morfométrico ao longo da região escalar analisada, provavelmente relacionadas ao complexo sistema de baías e promontórios presentes nesses compartimentos. Mesmo com algumas limitações, ambos métodos mostraram-se aplicáveis, através de uma metodologia quantitativa de fácil implementação, podendo ser aplicada em costas com informações geomorfológicas e oceanográficas limitadas.
SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HERITAGE ELEMENTS IN GUARITAS DO CAMAQUÃ GEOMORPHOSITE (RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BRAZIL)
Authors: Roxo Madeira Márlon , Correa Edvania Aparecida , Simon Adriano Luís Heck
Published: April 2021

Geomorphological mapping of geomorphosites should allow the identification and characterization of the landforms that comprise the geoheritage of these places and demand actions of geoconservation and geotourism. The objective of this study was to identify and analyse the areas with the largest spatial concentration of landforms that comprises the geomorphological heritage elements in Guaritas do Camaquã geomorphosite – Rio Grande do Sul state – Brazil. Using as the starting point the geomorphological map (1:50,000) produced by Santos (2016), the following methodological procedures were performed: (a) selection of the vector data from the geomorphological map and their conversion to raster data; (b) classification of raster data regarding the values of spatial concentration of the geomorphological features into null, very low, low, medium, high and very high; (c) individualization and reclassification of the very high and high values of spatial concentration of the geomorphological features (given value 1), and the other values (given value 0); and (e) overlap of information with value (1) to verify the spatial coexistence of areas with high concentration of geomorphological features. The results allowed to identify the location and the extension of the areas where high concentrations of geomorphological features coexist, and to identify the geomorphological heritage elements that demand priority in geoconservation actions. Some of these geomorphological heritage elements are already part of geotouristic routes, as Pedra das Guaritas, while others are isolated and little explored. Such spatial arrangements of the landforms must be incorporated to the geotouristic routes to integrate the geomorphological heritage elements present in the geomorphosite.
CONDICIONAMENTO DO RELEVO AO LONGO DE ZONAS DE FALHA COM BANDAS DE DEFORMAÇÃO NA BACIA SEDIMENTAR RIO DO PEIXE, BRASIL
Authors: Barbosa Ana Beatriz da Silva , Maia Rúbson Pinheiro , Pontes Cayo César Cortez , Nogueira Francisco Cézar Costa , Bezerra Francisco Hilário Rêgo
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho analisa o papel das zonas de falha com bandas de deformação na resistência ao intemperismo em rochas sedimentares, trazendo como estudo de caso a Bacia Sedimentar Rio do Peixe (BSRP), localizada no Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de sensoriamento remoto, trabalhos de campo, análises de resistência e topografia, extração de lineamentos e elaboração de modelos digitais de elevação, perfis topográficos e ortomosaicos de alta resolução. Observa-se que, em escala regional, há uma heterogênea distribuição das feições positivas de relevo, relacionadas com os sistemas de falhas de borda presentes na área (Portalegre e Malta), e estruturas deformando o arcabouço estrutural interno da bacia, sendo o trend NE-SW predominante tanto no embasamento quanto na BSRP. Os perfis topográficos mostraram que existe uma correlação entre os altos topográficos e as ocorrências de bandas de deformação (BDs). Elas estão presentes nas zonas de dano das falhas que afetam a bacia, onde se apresentam como enclaves de resistência ao intemperismo diferencial e modelam cristas estruturais.  Esses relevos mais elevados correspondem à zona de dano interna e, com a diminuição da deformação, o acamamento sedimentar fica exposto. À medida que se afasta do núcleo da deformação, a topografia apresenta-se rebaixada e plana, favorecendo a presença de coberturas eluviais. Essas informações permitiram concluir que o relevo da BSRP, nos casos próximos das zonas de falha, apresenta condicionamento estrutural associado a episódios deformacionais que afetaram a permeabilidade e a resistência dos arenitos, levando, assim, à formação de cristas estruturais.
MODELAGEM HIDRODINÂMICA COMO FERRAMENTA DE APOIO À GESTÃO HÍDRICA DO RIO TAPAJÓS
Authors: Silva Eliézer Cláudio Ribeiro , Alves Fiamma Buchinger , Souza Marcelo José Raiol , Progênio Mayke Feitosa , Costa Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza
Published: April 2021

As crescentes demandas pelo uso da água têm agravado a quantidade e qualidade desse recurso vital à vida e, aliadas a eventos naturais extremos, podem intensificar a degradação dela. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os eventos extremos máximos de vazões de um trecho do rio Tapajós, por meio da modelagem hidrodinâmica. Avaliou-se o potencial de utilização desta ferramenta inovadora dentro do processo de gestão e planejamento dos recursos hídricos. Para tal, lançou-se mão do modelo HEC-RAS, o qual representa um modelo hidrodinâmico unidimensional. O trecho estudado do rio Tapajós corresponde a aproximadamente 540 km e foram utilizadas quatro estações fluviométricas (Barra do São Manoel, Fortaleza, Acará do Tapajós e Itaituba) e suas respectivas séries históricas de cota e vazão, bem como o perfil transversal (batimetria) de cada estação. Os dados do perfil batimétrico foram acoplados com um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) originado de dados SRTM, sendo estes os dados necessários para a simulação no HEC-RAS. As vazões foram extrapoladas para os Tempos de Retorno (TRs) de 10, 25, 50 e 100 anos, por meio da distribuição de frequência de Valor Extremo Generalizado (GEV), e as cotas foram calculadas pelo modelo hidrodinâmico. Na etapa de calibração, foi feito o ajuste do coeficiente de rugosidade Manning para as estações, os quais ficaram de 0,041 a 0,095.  O coeficiente de determinação de Nash-Stucliffe ou R² foi maior que 0,99 em todas as estações. A simulação teve cotas simuladas entre 111,04 e 112,22 m (Barra do São Manuel), 82,87 e 83,29 m (Fortaleza), 60,56 e 61,07 m (Acará do Tapajós) e 19,75 e 20,15 m (Itaituba), sendo este último calculados pela GEV para a condição de contorno de jusante, considerando a variação de cota entre os TR100 e TR10. Os resultados desta modelagem são promissores dentro do campo da gestão hídrica, pois permitem a validação do modelo hidrodinâmico HEC-RAS para a simulação das alterações sofridas na bacia, consagrando-se como uma ferramenta de suma importância para a conservação dos recursos hídricos. Ressalta-se que os levantamentos periódicos de campo são indispensáveis, pois os modelos representam apenas uma aproximação da realidade do meio ambiente, sendo necessário alimentar o modelo com novos dados para minimizar as incertezas.
Diseño de campaña sobre la seguridad en el turismo receptivo para redes sociales para contribuir a aumentar el flujo de turistas receptivos extranjeros de 50 a 60 años en el contexto Covid-19
Authors:   , Ramos Díaz Katia Luisa
Published: April 2021

El proyecto abarca la investigación del turismo en el Perú en el contexto COVID - 19 durante el año 2020 y su pronóstico para el 2021, con la finalidad de saber cuáles son sus principales problemas y consecuencias. Es importante conocer más sobre el tema ya que ocupa el tercer sector más importante del país, representando el 12% del PBI según el Ministerio de Economía (MEF, 2015). Estudios hechos por la Organización Mundial del Turismo (2019), aseguraban un crecimiento mucho mayor para el 2022. Expertos del sector como Guerra (2020) coincide en que el turismo peruano pudo crecer mucho más en los próximos 3 años, pero la crisis que deja la pandemia, le da a concluir que recién para el 2022 el turismo vuelva a recuperarse en comparación al 2019. Zubieta (2020), afirma que esta es la peor crisis que ha vivido el sector turismo en toda la historia. Se debe a que esta crisis dejó a más 2.7 millones de peruanos sin trabajo. Noticias RPP (2020), publicó que el 30% de las empresas tuvieron que cambiar de rubro y las demás se declararon en quiebra. Además, reportes hechos por el Bloom consulting (2020), afirma que el perfil del turista ha cambiado, ya que el 64% de los turistas afirmaron sentirse inseguros de viajar y otro 46% sentiría más confianza de viajar a países con buena infraestructura de salud y ofrezcan ofertas y paquetes turísticos flexibles.
Uji Komposisi Media Tanam dan Pemberian Pupuk Majemuk NPK pada Pembibitan Tanaman Cabai Rawit Hiyung
Authors: Irpan Muhammad , Suparto Hairu , Rizali Akhmad
Published: April 2021

Hiyung's chili is a local chili from Hiyung Village, Tapin, South Kalimantan. Hiyung's chili cultivation begins with a process nursery, nursery is one of the most important plant cultivation processes, which will determine the amount of Hiyung's chili production. This research aims to know the best composition of growing medium mixture, the best dosage compound of NPK fertilizer and the best interactions between the composition of growing medium mixture and the dosage compound of NPK fertilizer for Hiyung's chili nurseries. This research was conducted in Greenhouse the Faculty of Agroecotechnology, Lambung Mangkurat University from July - August 2020. This research use completely randomized design two factor, there are 12 treatments combination and 4 replications, totaling 48 experimental unit. Each experimental unit consists 4 polybags for a total of 192 polybags. The results showed the best composition of growing medium mixture for height of Hiyung's chili, is in the m3 treatment (150 grams of cow manure: 50 grams rice husk). The dosage compound of NPK fertilizer is in the p1 treatment (0.6 gram / plant). The best interactions between the composition of growing medium mixture and the dosage compound of NPK fertilizer for growth of leaf number plant Hiyung's chili is 150 grams of cow manure: 50 grams rice husks and 0.6 gram / plant.
Potensi Cendawan Endofit dari Bunga Bawang Dayak untuk Menekan Pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Tomat
Authors: Cahyani Putri Wulan , Aziza Noor Laili , Marsuni Yusriadi
Published: April 2021

Cultivation of tomato plants (Lycopesicum esculentum Mill.) Is often exposed to plant diseases. One of the diseases that often attacks tomato plants is bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum. Therefore, it is necessary to have biological control with the application of an antagonistic agent, namely the provision of endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers. This study aims to determine the types of endophytic fungi in dayak onion flowers and to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. This research was conducted from February to May 2020, taking samples of dayak onion flowers in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture and samples of symptomatic tomato plants on the Karang Anyar Farmer Group's land then continued with isolation, purification, identification, and antagonistic testing at the Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The method used in this study was a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments, namely C1 = endophytic fungi A + R. solanacearum, C2 = endophytic fungi B + R. solanacearum, C3 = endophytic fungi F + R. solanacearum, C4 = endophytic fungi G + R. solanacearum, C5 = endophytic fungi I + R. solanacearum, C6 = endophytic fungi J + R. solanacearum, C7 = endophytic fungi K + R. solanacearum, C8 = fungi endophytic N + R. solanacearum, and C9 = endophytic fungi P + R. solanacearum and repeated three times. This study used a comparison, namely control with three replications, in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The results of this study that endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers have the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum. Based on the research, there were 17 endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers with nine endophytic fungi which had the fastest growth rate of radius. Fungi with the genus Colletotrichum sp., Mucor sp., and Papulaspora sp. has the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum with moderate to strong percentage of inhibition.
Wadai Production Activities for Warung Wadai 41 Sungai Tiung Village as a Learning Resource on Social Studies
Authors: Nazmi Nor , Subiyakto Bambang , Handy Muhammad Rezky Noor
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan zaman mengakibatkan banyak perubahan pada kehidupan manusia, fenomena banyaknya generasi muda yang lebih menyukai makanan modern turut berpartisipasi menggeser kedudukan makanan tradisional, dikhawatirkan akan mengalahkan eksistensi dari Wadai 41, maka dari itu penting bagi dunia pendidikan khususnya seorang guru untuk mengajar sambil mengenalkan budaya daerah agar tidak punah dan tidak dilupakan sehingga dapat terus dilestarikan oleh penerus bangsa. Kegiatan ekonomi produksi untuk Warung Wadai 41 di kota Banjarbaru sejalan dengan konsep produksi dan keterkaitannya dengan materi IPS sehingga dapat dijadikan sumber belajar IPS. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan produksi Wadai 41 di Kelurahan Sungai Tiung sumber belajar IPS. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan data didapatkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah didapat kemudian direduksi dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dilengkapi dengan gambar dan tabel relevansi materi sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar lalu kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Keabsahan data melalui perpanjangan pengamatan, triangulasi sumber dan waktu. Pada artikel ini bahwa ada kegiatan produksi Wadai yang dilakukan oleh pemilik Warung Wadai 41 dengan menggunakan beberapa faktor seperti bahan baku, modal, dan tenaga kerja. Kegiatan mengolah beberapa jenis kue tradisional yang bernilai guna dikerjakan oleh tenaga kerja terampil mulai mengolah bahan mentah seperti mencampur tepung terigu dengan gula aren serta bahan-bahan lainnya, kemudian melakukan proses pematangan Wadai dengan alat tradisional hingga siap dipasarkan atau dijual di Warung Wadai 41, pada materi pelajaran IPS kelas VII semester genap tentang kegiatan ekonomi produksi sehingga penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar IPS.
Contribution of Geography Concepts in the Content of Junior High School Social Studies Subjects
Authors: Rahmatina Rahmatina , Subiyakto Bambang , Rahman Akhmad Munaya
Published: April 2021

Upaya pemahaman konsep esensial hubungan antara manusia dan lingkungan sebagai kajian geografi dapat diintegrasikan dalam muatan mata pelajaran IPS melalui pengetahuan konsep dan pengaplikasiannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan kontribusi konsep geografi dalam perannya pada materi mata pelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan berbagai literatur terkait untuk dianalisis sebagai karya tulis. Strategi pencarian jurnal dan buku melalui penelusuran internet dan perpustakaan. Sintesis data dituliskan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan kontribusi konsep esensial geografi yang diintegrasikan dalam mata pelajaran IPS SMP yaitu memberikan pengetahuan maupun keterampilan berkenaan ruang (bumi) dan komponen-komponen yang ada dalam kehidupan yang memiliki koneksi satu sama lain melalui kerjasama regional, peranan penting manusia agar memiliki sensitivitas terhadap lingkungan berkaitan dengan pesebaran penduduk juga melalui nilai-nilai keunggulan potensi local untuk memecahkan masalah yang ada di sekitar peserta didik, serta cinta tanah air dalam memperkuat bangsa dan negara.
Large Cities – Incubators for Innovation
Authors: Goffe N.
Published: April 2021

In the emerging pattern of territorial settlement large metropolitan areas have become centers that attract people, assets, and technologies. In such a way they turn into pillars of national, macroregional and global economic complexes. They promote the development of knowledge-based economy, innovation and new types of human activity and social life.
Human Resources in Science and Technology: State and Efficiency of Use
Authors: Tsapenko I.
Published: April 2021

The developed countries demonstrate steady growth of human resources in science and technology, being fixed in the rise of the share of tertiary educated in population as well as the share of professionals and technicians in employed population. The composition, quality and rationality of the usage of intellectual resources are strongly influenced by the disciplinary structure and other features of the system of tertiary education, as well as by the correspondence of demand and supply on the market of intellectual labour. There is a significant correlation between the state of such resources and the development of innovation economy.
Pension Fund of the International Organizations
Authors: Chetyrkin E.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the UN Joint Staff Pension Fund: the adopted pension scheme (pattern), the types of pensions and benefits, the basic rules applicable in determining the size of pensions and contributions to the Fund. The author analyses the dynamics of the main financial indicators of the Fund, as well as the results of successive actuarial valuations of the Fund and the measures taken to eliminate detected actuarial deficit.
World Trends in Education
Authors: Khokhlova M. , Khokhlov I.
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the formation of educational systems in Russia and in the world. The factors of their formation, which are certain milestones on the historic path of the world education systems’ development, are considered in their real condition. The current state of education in different groups of countries is analyzed, as well as the tasks that they face. The demands of global information society in educational sphere and new technological opportunities, in particular multilevel system of programmed on-line education in Russia, are also studied.
RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS AND SUPPORT FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vodeb Ksenija , Fabjan Daša , Krstinić Nižić Marinela
Published: April 2021

Purpose – The impact of tourism is an ongoing research interest among scholars as it is directly related to the tourism development process. Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts can indicate development guidelines if planners pay attention to them. Design – We examine residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and their support for sustainable tourism development in two similar tourism destinations, Portorož and Opatija, based on their similarity, closeness, and connectedness through time to the present. Approach – There is an urgent need for a strategic development change for both destinations, which are coping with typical negative impacts of tourism, including seasonality, noise and, overcrowding. Methodology – Four hundred and forty-six residents surveyed indicated that tourism development is an important issue. Two databases were combined in order to conduct inference data analysis using SPSS 21 statistical software. Depending on the type of variables, t-test and ANOVA were used for the analysis in addition to the descriptive statistics. Findings – Residents point out a clear and strong message for the importance of their inclusion and active involvement in the decision-making processes of sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, our results revealed higher criticism of tourism impacts among those personally involved in tourism (employed or economically dependent on tourism) and among Portorož locals. Originality - We provide theoretical and practical implications of the research, especially suitable for planners of the destination development, who should be cautious about residents’ reaction to tourism at the destination.
Tinzaparin vs. Fraxiparin Safety and Efficacy in Neurosurgery
Authors: Wilhelmy Florian , Hantsche Annika , Gaier Michael , Kasper Johannes , Fehrenbach Michael Karl , Oesemann Rene , Meixensberger Jürgen , Lindner Dirk
Published: April 2021

Background
An outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in China in 2020 has led to an unprecedented shortage of fraxiparin. Most patients, especially those kept in hospital for surgery, are currently treated with prophylactic anticoagulation (AC). In search of alternatives for fraxiparin, we found no sufficient data on alternatives for neurosurgical patients, such as tinzaparin of European origin. We compared fraxiparin and tinzaparin concerning adverse events (bleeding versus thromboembolic events) in neurosurgical patients.
Methods
Between 2012 and 2018, 517 neurosurgical patients with benign and malignant brain tumors as well as 297 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig receiving prophylactic anticoagulation within 48 hours. In 2015, prophylactic anticoagulation was switched from fraxiparin to tinzaparin throughout the university hospital. In a retrospective manner, the frequency and occurrence of adverse events (rebleeding and thromboembolic events) in connection with the substance used was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and the chi-squared test.
Results
Rebleeding rates were similar in both fraxiparin and tinzaparin cohorts in patients being treated for meningioma, glioma, and SAH combined (8.8 vs 10.3%). Accordingly, the rates of overall thromboembolic events were not significantly different (5.5% vs 4.3%). The severity of rebleeding did not vary. There was no significant difference among subgroups when compared for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).
Conclusion
In this retrospective study, tinzaparin seems to be a safe alternative to fraxiparin for AC in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery or suffering from SAH.
Interface Joint Strength Between SS316L Wrought Substrate and Powder Bed Fusion Built Parts
Authors: Weaver Jason M. , Linn John R. , Miles Michael P.
Published: April 2021

Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) builds metal parts layer by layer upon a substrate material. The strength of this interface between substrate and printed material is important to characterize, especially in applications where the substrate is retained and included in the finished part. This paper studied the tensile and torsional strengths of wrought and additively manufactured (through PBF) SS316L and compared them to specimens composed of half wrought material and half PBF material. The PBF specimens consistently exhibited higher strength and lower ductility than the wrought specimens. The hybrid PBF/wrought specimens performed similarly to the wrought material. In no specimens did any failure appear to occur at or near the interface between wrought substrate and PBF material. In addition, most of the deformation in the PBF/wrought specimens appeared to be limited to the wrought portion of the specimens. These results are consistent with microscopy showing smaller grain size in the PBF material, which often leads to increased strength in SS316L due to the Hall-Petch relationship.