bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Població, riquesa i treball en una parròquia rural a la baixa edat mitjana (Llagostera, c. 1460-1490)
Authors: Sales i Favà Lluís
Published: February 2024

Aquest estudi analitza les formes de treball i les fonts de renda en una comunitat rural a la darreria del segle xv. Ho fa mitjançant la descripció de diferents activitats agropecuàries i menestrals que tenien lloc al terme de Llagostera. Les principals fonts documentals que hi són emprades són les actes del notari i els registres de la cort jurisdiccional d’abast local. A la vegada, s’hi descriu l’impost sobre la renda (o redelme), instrument fiscal a mans de la comunitat local i que tenia com a objectiu gravar la totalitat de la riquesa produïda al terme.
Habilidades emocionales para el desarrollo de la competencia aprender a aprender (AaA)
Authors: Valero Carrero Susana , López Requena Estefanía
Published: February 2024

A lo largo de la última década, las investigaciones educativas, han puesto de relieve la importancia del desarrollo de habilidades emocionales en el entorno académico, en todos los niveles educativos. Que el alumnado posea habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales favorece el desarrollo de la competencia aprender a aprender (AaA), denominada competencia clave, así como promueve una sociedad con mayor potencial.
Así pues, el objetivo general de este estudio consiste en conocer cuál es el grado de adquisición de diferentes habilidades que se recogen entre las cinco dimensiones que integran la competencia AaA: cognitiva, metacognitiva, afectiva/motivacional, social/relacional y ética según Gargallo-López et al. (2020). Para ello, se ha suministrado el cuestionario CECAPEU durante el curso 2022-2023 entre una muestra de 80 alumnos/as del grado en pedagogía de la Universidad de Valencia. Los resultados de este estudio inciden en la necesidad de desarrollar en mayor medida la dimensión social/relacional, donde podrían situarse las habilidades emocionales.
Influencia del tipo de evaluación en la calificación. Un análisis estadístico aplicado a la materia Matemáticas II de ADE
Authors: Seijas-Macías Antonio
Published: February 2024

En el presente trabajo realizamos un análisis estadístico para determinar en qué medida la elección del proceso de realización de la evaluación afecta a las calificaciones que obtiene el alumnado de la materia. Nuestro trabajo se ha centrado en la asignatura de Matemáticas II del grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (ADE). Dicha materia se imparte en el segundo cuatrimestre del curso de primero del grado en ADE. Hemos considerado los últimos cuatro años en los cuales se han utilizado tres sistemas evaluativos diferentes. El año 2018-2019 todo el proceso de evaluación fue presencial, y el 2019-2020, por el confinamiento, todo el proceso de evaluación fue mediante pruebas online (virtual). El año 2020-2021 combinamos pruebas presenciales y pruebas online dentro de la evaluación generando un sistema semipresencial; y finalmente el año 2021-2022 supuso el regreso al sistema del año 2018-2019, siendo todo presencial. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos muestra que las calificaciones obtenidas son estadísticamente diferentes en los tres procesos. Además, el número de personas que participan en la evaluación se ve afectado y los mejores índices de participación corresponden al sistema semipresencial.
Exploring JASP as a data analysis tool in L2 research: a snapshot
Authors: McBride Sophie , Garcés-Manzanera Aitor
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the potential of JASP (Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program, https://jasp-stats.org/) as a robust statistical tool in advancing Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research, with a specific emphasis on its application within the domain of L2 writing. Second language writing proficiency is a complex and multifaceted skill, demanding rigorous empirical investigation to uncover nuanced patterns and insights. JASP, known for its user-friendly interface and advanced statistical capabilities, emerges as a promising instrument for researchers seeking to unravel the intricacies of L2 writing development. The paper begins by providing an overview of the features embedded in JASP and continues to discuss some of the extant research within the field of SLA that implements JASP as a data analysis tool. Follows is a detailed description of the use of JASP in two L2 writing papers, in which the data analysis decisions are discussed. Furthermore, the discussion delves into the practical implications of utilizing JASP in L2 writing research, including its ability to accommodate small sample sizes, handle complex interactions, and facilitate transparent and reproducible analyses. The paper concludes by advocating for the widespread adoption of JASP in SLA research, positing that its integration holds the promise of advancing our understanding of the intricacies of L2 writing development and contributing to the refinement of pedagogical approaches in second language education.
Divide and structure: generating and interswitching orthogonal eigenstates of complementary petal beams using a π-shifted Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Ly Watson , Golub Ilya
Published: February 2024

One of the many facets of structured light are Ferris wheel/petal beams that can be generated by the addition/superposition of two beams with opposite vorticity/orbital angular momentum (OAM). We demonstrate a simple scheme employing a π-shifted Sagnac interferometer (SI) containing a spiral phase plate (SPP) that divides and structures an incoming beam into two azimuthally complementary petal beams representing orthogonal eigenstates. The half-wave plate in the SI can interswitch/route these intensity patterns between the two outputs of the interferometer. The results are interpreted as a double symmetry breaking––that of helicity due to SPP and handedness due to HWP––experienced by counterpropagating beams in the π-shifted SI. In general, for a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) incoming mode, the SI produces two orthogonal output states, each consisting of a sum or difference of distinct SPP-modified LG modes and resulting in complementary petal beams convoluted with the incoming mode. We also introduce a three-mirror π-shifted SI that can switch on and switch off opposite sign vortices into different SI arms. The scheme can find applications in particle trapping, information transmission/development of communications protocols, and signal processing (i.e., multiplexing/demultiplexing when using beams with high vorticity/OAM).
Manipulating random lasing correlations in doped liquid crystals
Authors: Zhi Yiyang , Lininger Andrew , Strangi Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Random lasers are highly configurable light sources that are promising for imaging and photonic integration. In this study, random lasing action was generated by optically pumping N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA) liquid crystals infiltrated with gold nanoparticles and a laser dye (pyrromethene 597 (PM597)). By varying the pump energy near a lasing threshold, we show that it is possible to control intensity correlations between random lasing modes. The correlations in the system were phenomenologically characterized using the Levy statistics of the emission spectrum survival function. We also find that correlations and persistence of lasing action are correlated. These results demonstrate the possibility to dynamically control a key physical feature of random lasers, which may find applications in biomedical settings and network communications.
Improved vaccination coverage after two rounds of multi-antigenic catch-up vaccination in Mauritania
Authors: Pagola-Ugarte Maider , Rakesh Ankur , Gil-Cuesta Julita , Kidinda David , Kelly Thierno Moctar , Zahaf Sidi , Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud O. Ely , Salem Mohamedou O. Mohamed , Houmeid Mbareck , Cheikh Dah , Ouldzeidoune Naceredine , Bachy Catherine
Published: February 2024

Although Mauritania carried out its Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), in 2015 the goal of vaccination coverage (VC) remained unmet in Bassikounou district and Mbera camp, contexts with large migrant populations. In response, during 2018, the national authorities, together with Médecins Sans Frontières organised two rounds of multi-antigenic mass vaccination campaigns (2RMASVC). The campaigns included oral polio (OPV), pneumococcal (PCV13), pentavalent and rotavirus vaccines for all eligible children six weeks to 59 months old. This study describes the results of the 2RMASVC. Cross-sectional household VC surveys (VCS1 and VCS2) were conducted before and after the 2RMASVC. Data were collected on vaccination status according to self-reporting and vaccination cards, and on reasons for non-vaccination (RNV). In total, 4,569 children received at least one dose of vaccine in the first round and 5,602 children in the second. Baseline VC, as fully vaccinated, according to VCS1, was 59.9% of children 12 to 59 months in Bassikounou district and 65.8% in Mbera camp. After the 2RMASVC, the coverages increased to 84.7% and 75.9% respectively. Absence from home, lack of motivation, late initiation of vaccinations and lack of awareness about vaccination were the main RNV during the 2RMASVC. Although the 2RMASVC did not reach its goal of 90%-95% VC, the strategy significantly increased VC in the two settings for children aged 12 to 59 months. Therefore, this catch-up approach could be considered to improve VC of children who miss out of the EPI strategy in resource-limited settings.
Identification and characterization of a novel nematode pan allergen (NPA) from Wuchereria bancrofti and their potential role in human filarial tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)
Authors: Katru Samuel Christopher , Balakrishnan Anand Setty , Munirathinam Gnanasekar , Hadadianpour Azadeh , Smith Scott A. , Kalyanasundaram Ramaswamy
Published: February 2024

Background

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a chronic respiratory syndrome associated with Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a tropical parasitic infection of the human, transmitted by mosquitoes. The larval form of LF (microfilariae) are trapped in the lungs of TPE subjects have a major role in initiating the TPE syndrome. To date, there are no reports on the potential allergen that is responsible for generating parasite-specific IgE in TPE.

Methodology/Principal findings

In this project, we screened a cDNA expression library of the microfilarial stages of Wuchereria bancrofti with monoclonal IgE antibodies prepared from subjects with clinical filarial infections. Our studies identified a novel molecule that showed significant sequence similarity to an allergen. A blast analysis showed the presence of similar proteins in a number of nematodes parasites. Thus, we named this molecule as Nematode Pan Allergen (NPA). Subsequent functional analysis showed that NPA is a potent allergen that can cause release of histamine from mast cells, induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from alveolar macrophages and promote accumulation of eosinophils in the tissue, all of which occur in TPE lungs.

Conclusions/Significance

Based on our results, we conclude that the NPA protein secreted by the microfilariae of W. bancrofti may play a significant role in the pathology of TPE syndrome in LF infected individuals. Further studies on this molecule can help design an approach to neutralize the NPA in an attempt to reduce the pathology associated with TPE in LF infected subjects.
An ecological examination of early adolescent e-cigarette use: A machine learning approach to understanding a health epidemic
Authors: Vázquez Alejandro L. , Navarro Flores Cynthia M. , Garcia Byron H. , Barrett Tyson S. , Domenech Rodríguez Melanie M.
Published: February 2024

E-cigarette use among adolescents is a national health epidemic spreading faster than researchers can amass evidence for risk and protective factors and long-term consequences associated with use. New technologies, such as machine learning, may assist prevention programs in identifying at risk youth and potential targets for intervention before adolescents enter developmental periods where e-cigarette use escalates. The present study utilized machine learning algorithms to explore a wide array of individual and socioecological variables in relation to patterns of lifetime e-cigarette use during early adolescence (i.e., exclusive, or with tobacco cigarettes). Extant data was used from 14,346 middle school students (Mage = 12.5, SD = 1.1; 6th and 8th grades) who participated in the Utah Prevention Needs Assessment. Students self-reported their substance use behaviors and related risk and protective factors. Machine learning algorithms examined 112 individual and socioecological factors as potential classifiers of lifetime e-cigarette use outcomes. The elastic net algorithm achieved outstanding classification for lifetime exclusive (AUC = .926) and dual use (AUC = .944) on a validation test set. Six high value classifiers were identified that varied in importance by outcome: Lifetime alcohol or marijuana use, perception of e-cigarette availability and risk, school suspension(s), and perceived risk of smoking marijuana regularly. Specific classifiers were important for lifetime exclusive (parent’s attitudes regarding student vaping, best friend[s] tried alcohol or marijuana) and dual use (best friend[s] smoked cigarettes, lifetime inhalant use). Our findings provide specific targets for the adaptation of existing substance use prevention programs to address early adolescent e-cigarette use.
AWD-stacking: An enhanced ensemble learning model for predicting glucose levels
Authors: Yang HuaZhong , Chen Zhongju , Huang Jinfan , Li Suruo
Published: February 2024

Accurate prediction of blood glucose levels is essential for type 1 diabetes optimizing insulin therapy and minimizing complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Using ensemble learning algorithms is a promising approach. In this regard, this study proposes an improved stacking ensemble learning algorithm for predicting blood glucose level, in which three improved long short-term memory network models are used as the base model, and an improved nearest neighbor propagation clustering algorithm is adaptively weighted to this ensemble model. The OhioT1DM dataset is used to train and evaluate the performance of the proposed model. This study evaluated the performance of the proposed model using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) as the evaluation metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an RMSE of 1.425 mg/dL, MAE of 0.721 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.982 mg/dL for a 30-minute prediction horizon(PH), RMSE of 3.212 mg/dL, MAE of 1.605 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.950 mg/dL for a 45-minute PH; and RMSE of 6.346 mg/dL, MAE of 3.232 mg/dL, and MCC of 0.930 mg/dL for a 60-minute PH. Compared with the best non-ensemble model StackLSTM, the RMSE and MAE were improved by up to 27.92% and 65.32%, respectively. Clarke Error Grid Analysis and critical difference diagram revealed that the model errors were within 10%. The model proposed in this study exhibits state-of-the-art predictive performance, making it suitable for clinical decision-making and of significant importance for the effective treatment of diabetes in patients.
"Until death do us part". A multidisciplinary study on human- Animal co- burials from the Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st c. BCE)
Authors: Laffranchi Zita , Zingale Stefania , Tecchiati Umberto , Amato Alfonsina , Coia Valentina , Paladin Alice , Salzani Luciano , Thompson Simon R. , Bersani Marzia , Dori Irene , Szidat Sönke , Lösch Sandra , Ryan-Despraz Jessica , Arenz Gabriele , Zink Albert , Milella Marco
Published: February 2024

Animal remains are a common find in prehistoric and protohistoric funerary contexts. While taphonomic and osteological data provide insights about the proximate (depositional) factors responsible for these findings, the ultimate cultural causes leading to this observed mortuary behavior are obscured by the opacity of the archaeological record and the lack of written sources. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary suite of analytical approaches (zooarchaeological, anthropological, archaeological, paleogenetic, and isotopic) to explore the funerary deposition of animal remains and the nature of joint human-animal burials atSeminario Vescovile(Verona, Northern Italy 3rd-1stc. BCE). This context, culturally attributed to the Cenomane culture, features 161 inhumations, of which only 16 included animal remains in the form of full skeletons, isolated skeletal parts, or food offerings. Of these, four are of particular interest as they contain either horses (Equus caballus) or dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)–animals that did not play a dietary role. Analyses show no demographic, dietary, funerary similarities, or genetic relatedness between individuals buried with animals. Isotopic data from two analyzed dogs suggest differing management strategies for these animals, possibly linked to economic and/or ritual factors. Overall, our results point to the unsuitability of simple, straightforward explanations for the observed funerary variability. At the same time, they connect the evidence from Seminario Vescovile with documented Transalpine cultural traditions possibly influenced by local and Roman customs.
University makes me angry: Investigating stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) emotion beliefs in undergraduate students
Authors: Turner Martin J. , Boatwright Daniel , Evans Andrew L. , Garip Gulcan , Chandler Charlotte , Chadha Nanaki J. , Wood Andrew G.
Published: February 2024

Emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal is well-studied, but less so are the predispositional and superordinate beliefs that influence reappraisal. Recently, researchers developed the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ), which measures two emotion beliefs, namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R generation beliefs are inversely related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies and positive mental health, and positively related to emotion reactivity. C-M change beliefs are positively related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies, and inversely related to emotion reactivity and positive mental health. As yet, there is no evidence for the validity of the CMBQ within student samples, or for the associations between its subscales and cognitive reappraisal, emotion reactivity, and positive mental health. Therefore, in the present study the CMBQ is tested for factorial, convergent (associations with cognitive reappraisal), and concurrent (associations with emotion reactivity and positive mental health) validity in a cohort of 621 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicate support for the factorial and convergent validity of the CMBQ, with mixed evidence for the concurrent validity of the CMBQ. A CM-SR discrepancy score appeared to provide a promising variable when associated with emotion reactivity and positive mental health. The findings are discussed in terms of practical and research implications of the findings.
Impact of obesity on intensive care unit outcomes in older patients with critical illness: A cohort study
Authors: Li Shan , Fu Zhiqing , Zhang Wei , Liu Hongbin
Published: February 2024

Background

Although the paradoxical association between obesity and improved survival has been reported in a variety of clinical settings, its applicability to intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes in older critically ill patients remains unclear. We sought to examine the association between obesity and 30-day mortality and other adverse outcomes in this population.

Methods

We analyzed data of older patients (≥ 60 years) in the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Body mass index (BMI) was stratified according to the World Health Organization obesity classification. Logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and cubic spline curve was used to explore the nonlinear association between BMI and 30-day ICU outcomes. Stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.

Results

Compared with class I obesity, under- and normal-weight were associated with higher all-cause, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality, and class III obesity was associated with greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.06–1.32], 1.28 [1.08–1.51]). Obesity classes II and III were associated with higher composite all-cause mortality, mechanical ventilation, or vasoactive drug usage risks (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.20], 1.33 [1.24–1.43]). Mechanical ventilation was strongly positively associated with BMI. A significant BMI-by-sex interaction was observed for cardiovascular mortality, such that the association between severe obesity and mortality was more pronounced among older men than older women.

Conclusions

The obesity paradox does not appear to apply to short-term ICU outcomes in older patients with critical illness, mainly due to increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in severely obese patients, particularly in men.
Predictors for the utilization of community support systems against intimate partner violence among married women living with HIV in southwestern Uganda—A cross sectional study
Authors: Muteesasira Edward , Akampumuza Davis , Abaho Dismus , Nuwasasira Lillian , Kumakech Edward
Published: February 2024

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately affects married women living with HIV (MWLHIV), resulting in undesirable human rights, socio-economic, mental, maternal, and child health consequences. Community Support systems against Violence (CoSaV) are widely available and promising public and voluntary resources for the prevention and mitigation of IPV but are poorly investigated. We set out to identify the predictors for the utilization of the CoSaV among the MWLHIV.

Methods

This was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted among 424 consecutively sampled MWLHIV attending the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital in southwestern Uganda in April 2021. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, data were collected on the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to IPV, awareness about the CoSaV, perceptions about the quality, accessibility and challenges in accessing the CoSaV and the utilization. Modified Poisson regression model was used to identify the predictors for the utilization of CoSaV using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.

Results

The mean age of the 424 participants in the study was 39.5 ± 10.2 years. More than half of the participants 51.9% (220/424) reported exposure to any IPV. Utilization of any CoSaV was found to be above average at 58.3% among the participants. The formal support (police, local government leaders, health workers and counselors) were more frequently utilized compared to the informal support (family, relatives and friends). Utilization of any CoSaV was higher among the women who were aware of the CoSaV and also those who were exposed to violence. Accessibility was identified as an independent predictor for utilization of any CoSaV.

Conclusions

Intimate partner violence (IPV) was prevalent among MWLHIV in southwestern Uganda. However, the utilization of any CoSaV was suboptimal. The formal CoSaV were more frequently utilized than the informal support systems. Accessibility was an independent predictor for utilization of any CoSaV. There is need to improve access in order to increase the utilization of the CoSaV and contribute to the attainment of sustainable development goal 5.2.1 and end violence against women.
Eça de Queirós’s ‘The Idiosyncrasies of a Young Blonde Woman’: Double plots in world literature
Authors: Buescu Helena C.
Published: February 2024

This short story, written by Eça de Queirós in the 1870s, ostensibly presents a story about a beautiful young blonde woman who is, to everybody’s surprise, a skilful kleptomaniac. On the surface, the story is therefore about a psychological and individual situation. However, if we read on a deeper level, we find that it is also about a collective kleptomania, related to the slave-trade in the Atlantic, set in the 1830s. It is therefore a short story that doubles its plots between individual and collective, as well as psychological and social.
On judging and being judged
Authors: Michael Livi
Published: February 2024

This report is an edited transcript of a speech Livi Michael gave as keynote speaker at the European Network for Short Fiction Research (ENSFR) conference in Lisbon 2022. She argues that despite the need to support and promote short fiction, corporate, commercial publishing is not the best way forward. Short fiction needs to retain its links to the independent sector, and to the academy, where different values apply. Corporate publishing necessarily relies on marketing and commercial success, whereas independent publishers, and researchers, continue to value excellence and virtuosity. She also argues that greatness in fiction is mainly to be found in the short form, and that, while it has become a politically compromised, overused term, ‘greatness’ it is still a useful concept for writers and researchers who are driven by what inspires them and it should therefore be reclaimed. Writers and researchers are regularly involved in judging short fiction, and while judgement of any kind should be interrogated, the ideal of greatness is more appropriate as a standard for the short form than commercial success.
Short fiction as world literature
Authors: Reis Amândio
Published: February 2024

Amândio Reis introduces a Special Issue of Short Fiction in Theory and Practice devoted to the theme of ‘Short Fiction as World Literature’. After discussing the short story’s generic vocation as an object of world literary studies, he considers the absence of critical discussions that recognize and engage with the short story as such, and not simply as a handier and lighter instrument than the novel. Following the footsteps of still rare but important contributions to address this lack, he comments on the ways in which each article participates in the collective challenge to problematize notions of the local and global, identity and otherness, in the short story. He introduces the reader to the contents of the issue by locating it at the intersection of short fiction studies and current pathways of world literature, including translation, multilingualism, migration and exchanges across literary periods and cultures.
Las pesas de balanza de la Edad del Hierro conservadas en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional (Madrid, España) en el contexto metrológico de la Europa occidental
Authors: Luis Mariño Susana de , Poigt Thibaud
Published: February 2024

Este artículo se centra en la colección de pesas de balanza (pondera) conservadas en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional (en adelante MAN) en tres departamentos diferentes, abarcando tanto las piezas que claramente tienen ese uso como otras posibles. La investigación profundiza en aquellas inéditas y, sobre todo, en las que poseen un contexto arqueológico o procedencia conocida. En este estudio, además de su descripción formal y metrológica, se aborda un análisis comparativo que permite plantear hipótesis acerca de su adscripción a los distintos sistemas metrológicos de la época. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una síntesis de los sistemas y prácticas metrológicas existentes en la Europa occidental de la Edad del Hierro y, en concreto, de la península ibérica, con el objetivo de contextualizar las piezas tratadas. De esta manera se dan a conocer piezas inéditas y se hace patente una diferenciación formal entre las localizadas en la península ibérica (cilíndricas o discoidales con orificio central, con variantes en la zona tartésica y en el litoral mediterráneo, Navarra y País Vasco) y las del resto de la Europa occidental y central (piriformes con anilla). Además, el análisis metrológico ha permitido reconstruir sistemas basados en distintas unidades con piezas que representan su unidad y sus múltiplos, características de distintas zonas. De esta manera, la unidad 21/42 g es más típica del litoral mediterráneo, la unidad de ~35-36 g del eje entre la desembocadura del Guadiana y el País Vasco y la unidad 26,7 g se plantea como procedente del centro/centro-este de la Meseta, una zona y unidad mal caracterizada hasta ahora.
Ocupaciones efímeras en cueva desde la protohistoria hasta la actualidad: cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona)
Authors: Daura Luján Joan , Ble Gimeno Eduard , Revilla Calvo Víctor , Peix Visiedo Judith , Clua Mercadal María , Blasco Martín Marta , Queralt Mitjans Ignasi , Valenzuela Lamas Silvia , Miret Mestre Magi , Coll Monteagudo Ramon , Allué Martí Ethel , Sanz Borràs Montserrat
Published: February 2024

Las cavidades han sido lugares utilizados reiteradamente a lo largo de la historia y con distintas funcionalidades tal y como evidencia la tipología de los restos arqueológicos hallados. Así, la presencia de materiales arqueológicos en cuevas y abrigos desde la protohistoria hasta la actualidad está documentada en un buen número de yacimientos, pero pocos han sido objeto de estudio específico. La baja tasa de sedimentación y la escasez del registro pueden haber sido el principal factor de su poco interés, así como por el hecho que el estudio en cronologías históricas se ha centrado en la excavación de estructuras, ya sean poblados, ciudades, necrópolis, construcciones militares, entre otras. Las cavidades, como parte del territorio que las integran, deben tenerse en consideración en los estudios de reconstrucción histórica. En este caso, presentamos los niveles con materiales arqueológicos (cerámica, metales, industria ósea, monedas, carbones, vidrios y fauna) de cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona) procedentes de tres momentos distintos: épocas ibérica, romana y ocupaciones modernas. A lo largo de la secuencia, la cueva ha tenido distintas funcionalidades, desde cobijo y espacio utilitario en época moderna y altoimperial a un posible uso relacionado con la ritualidad en época ibérica. De este momento destacan los objetos metálicos de carácter singular, especialmente de bronce, relacionados con ornamentos personales y posiblemente relacionados con rituales en un momento en que la cueva podría haber sido utilizada como cueva-santuario. Esta diversidad de funciones y su uso reiterado a lo largo de los dos últimos milenios indican la importancia de las cuevas como parte del hinterland territorial que forman parte en cada uno de los momentos históricos.
Sobre algunas inscripciones halladas por Juan de Flores en la Alcazaba de Granada a la luz de los manuscritos de la Biblioteca Nacional de España
Authors: Hernando Sobrino María del Rosario
Published: February 2024

El fraude que protagonizó Juan de Flores, quien fue director de las excavaciones arqueológicas efectuadas en la Alcazaba entre los años 1754 y 1763, supuso, como es bien sabido, un nuevo eslabón en la cadena de falsificaciones que venía afectando a la ciudad de Granada. El episodio, del que existe abundante documentación, ha sido muy bien estudiado, contando con magníficas monografías que permiten conocer con detalle a sus protagonistas y su modus operandi, así como el contexto y alcance del propio fraude. Pese a todo, no deben desecharse, sin más, todos los resultados derivados de las excavaciones de Flores, pues no todos los hallazgos fueron ilegítimos. Por lo mismo, el análisis crítico y detenido de la documentación pertinente se revela de sumo interés para conocer el pasado de la ciudad romana de Iliberri/Iliberi; así se viene demostrando, de forma particular y con resultados muy positivos, desde el ámbito de la arqueología. Por lo que respecta a la epigrafía, no cabe duda de que la inmensa mayoría de las inscripciones exhumadas en el marco de las excavaciones de Flores no fueron sino inventos, pero no faltaron las genuinas. A unas, falsas, y a otras, auténticas, dedicaremos este trabajo, utilizando como hilo conductor fundamental la documentación manuscrita conservada en la Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid), especialmente la relacionada con los dibujos y grabados de las diferentes inscripciones. Como se verá, su examen aconseja, en algunos casos, perfilar ciertos detalles relativos a la identificación e interconexión de determinados epígrafes; en otros, aporta datos que creemos son de interés para completar su cadena de transmisión; en otros más, los menos, nos ponen en contacto con fragmentos de epígrafes (¿auténticos, falsos?) que parece han permanecido inéditos hasta la fecha.
Un asa romana de bronce y plata procedente de la villa de Huerta del Río (Tarancueña, Soria): contexto arqueológico e interpretación
Authors: Gamo Pazos Emilio , Fernández Martínez Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2024

Se presenta y analiza una pieza romana excepcional de bronce y plata hallada en los niveles superficiales de la villa tardorromana de Tarancueña (Soria) durante la excavación arqueológica de 1979. Esta excavación constituye hasta ahora la única referencia científica sobre dicha villa, dado que las excavaciones posteriores, mucho más amplias, no se han publicado y su documentación está perdida. Tanto los datos de 1979 como lo poco que se conoce de los posteriores apuntan a una ocupación relativamente corta de la villa, a caballo entre los siglos IV y V. Los edificios parecen haber sido abandonados de forma súbita y haberse luego derrumbado paulatinamente, sin ninguna huella de destrucción intencionada. El asa de bronce consta de una escultura superior de un grifo, unas abrazaderas laterales del vaso (que no fue hallado) con volutas y cabezas de ánade, y un asa de agarre inferior que termina en una cabeza de hombre barbudo, posiblemente Sileno. El bronce fue decorado con incrustaciones lineales de plata en varias de sus partes. Todo ello hace referencia a los rituales sociales de consumo del vino, cuyos protectores eran los grifos y el dios Baco. El asa se encontró en superficie, por encima de uno de los muros de la posible pars urbana de la villa, luego no tenía ninguna relación estratigráfica con ésta. Además, del análisis estilístico se deduce su segura cronología alto-imperial, por lo que la pieza fue probablemente conservada durante varios siglos como una posesión valiosa. Al no haber sido hallada en niveles de ocupación, su presencia en el yacimiento queda sin explicar del todo (¿tal vez parte de un escondrijo de piezas valiosas esparcidas por el arado?) y originalmente podría haber procedido de la importante y cercana ciudad de Tiermes o quizás de un posible asentamiento romano situado en el mismo pueblo de Tarancueña, todavía sin investigar.
Innovation Transfer: Lessons from East Asian Technological Dynamism for Nigeria's Economic Development
Authors: Conable James
Published: February 2024

This study explores lessons for Nigeria's economic development drawn from the technological and economic successes of South Korea, Malaysia, and China. Examining the strategies employed by these East Asian nations reveals key factors contributing to their remarkable growth, including government-led industrialization, investments in education, export-oriented policies, and effective technology transfer initiatives. The findings underscore the significance of government intervention, skilled workforce development, global market participation, and adaptability to changing economic conditions. Recommendations for Nigeria encompass strengthening government leadership, prioritizing education and skill development, fostering export-oriented growth, facilitating technology transfer, and formulating adaptive long-term plans. Implementing these lessons can guide Nigeria towards sustainable economic growth, technological innovation, and enhanced global competitiveness.
Transcendental Phenomenology and Transcendental Aesthetics in Edmund Husserl’s Philosophy: Originality and Primordiality in Life-world
Authors: Sánchez Soberano Ramsés Leonardo
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between Life-world (Lebenswelt) and the concepts of Originality (Originalität) and Primordiality (Primordialität) founded in Edmund Husserl’s philosophy developed in the 20’s. In order to achieve this goal, we need to begin with a transcendental phenomenological analysis to then gain access to Ontology of the World in general. Therefore, we must explain how Transcendental Philosophy relates to Transcendental Aesthetics and how it phenomenologically labels all that is outside of theory and reflection (i.e., the Natural World) as a precondition to all theoretical classifications. This way the Life-world could explain the relationship between the Originality and Primordiality as proto-datum that is the base of all human acts genetically describable.
Subjetividad y reflexión en las lecciones tempranas de Friburgo (1919-1923) de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Suárez Tomé Danila
Published: February 2024

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos trazar la distinción entre la subjetividad preteórica y el sujeto cognoscente en las lecciones tempranas de Friburgo de Martin Heidegger desde el punto de vista de la función metodológica y el carácter ontológico de la reflexión, en vistas a pensar si se puede hablar de una noción de subjetividad no egológica en el planteo heideggeriano. Entendemos por «subjetividad no egológica», el dominio subjetivo originario de la existencia humana, previo a la constitución del ego. Para nuestro propósito abordamos, en una primera instancia, las nociones de discurso originario y discurso derivado para, en un segundo momento, distinguir la subjetividad preteórica de la subjetividad originaria y analizar, finalmente, si se puede hablar de la presencia de una subjetividad no egológica en Heidegger a partir del análisis del estatus metodológico y ontológico de la reflexión.
Hacia una superación de la ontología fundamental
Authors: Marcos Jairo
Published: February 2024

La razón emancipadora, posible allí donde se descubre la opresión, es un primer paso hacia una razón liberadora, posible cuando se des-oculta el eurocentrismo de la Razón excluyente, esa fabricación del proceso de modernización como devenir del Occidente privilegiado. La razón no desaparece, sino que se abre hasta dejar espacio a la existencia de diferentes tipos de saberes o racionalidades. Esta descentralización de la Razón excluyente, que corre desiderativamente paralela a una descentralización del sujeto, alumbra heterotopías plurales hacia una superación de la ontología fundamental. El no-Ser se constituye así, consciente de su positividad, como alteridad insospechada que interpela directamente al Ser desde una exterioridad que no reclama sino un carácter de instancia decisiva en las transformaciones pendientes hacia una pluriversidad. Para ello es preciso pensar el mundo desde una ontología que no sea la mera reafirmación del Ser.
La historia como teoría crítica. La historia intelectual de Dominick LaCapra
Authors: Hervás Alfonso Galindo
Published: February 2024

Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. El principal es mostrar la concepción de la historiografía como teoría crítica en la obra de Dominick LaCapra. El secundario es exponer las consecuencias impolíticas de la teoría crítica contemporánea que subestima la atención a la historia. Con tal fin, enmarco la historia intelectual de LaCapra en el contexto de la renovación de la metodología historiográfica y muestro la relevancia del estudio del trauma en su concepción del conocimiento histórico. Posteriormente, muestro que la clave que convierte su concepto de historia en una teoría crítica es la idea de que la historia debe contribuir a elaborar el trauma y capacitar para la acción, así como la relación entre esta idea y el vínculo entre experiencia e identidad política. Después expongo la crítica de LaCapra a una corriente contemporánea de teoría crítica que renuncia a la elaboración del trauma. Por último, propongo tres categorías para identificar y analizar dicha corriente: diferencia histórica, viraje ético e impoliticidad.
Más allá de la oferta y la demanda: la ética de la responsabilidad frente al otro
Authors: Aranzadi Javier
Published: February 2024

Esta breve exposición del pensamiento de Lévinas presentará el esquema de las ideas nucleares para que el lector tenga una idea del potencial del pensamiento de Lévinas para la realidad económica. Lévinas señala el camino para superar los reduccionismos económicos: integrar la libertad humana dentro del Ser, dentro de su relación con el Otro. Para desarrollar una teoría económica que aspire a ser parte de una filosofía política completa que integre la paz, la libertad y la justicia como integrantes del Bien Común con la aspiración de la persona al Bien, la Verdad y la Virtud. La economía como proceso de innovación y creación es una ampliación de satisfacción de necesidades y una ampliación de posibilidades de acción. Hay una retención de posibilidades que se plasman en las instituciones y se transmiten culturalmente. Estas posibilidades de acción ya institucionalizadas se transmiten a las personas para que realicen sus proyectos.
México, 1967: el diálogo crítico entre Leopoldo Zea y Luis Villoro sobre filosofía, compromiso y circunstancias
Authors: Beltrán García Iver A.
Published: February 2024

El artículo analiza e interpreta las posturas expresadas en una mesa de discusión de 1967 en la que participaron Leopoldo Zea, Luis Villoro, Alejandro Rossi, Abelardo Villegas y José Luis Balcárcel, así como el debate posterior, respecto a cuestiones como la relación entre filosofía e ideología, entre filosofía y reflexión sobre las propias circunstancias, y entre filosofía y profesionalismo, con base en las participaciones y los textos de estos filósofos. Además de organizar las ideas que generaron la mesa y el posterior debate, el autor desarrolla su propio punto de vista en lo que corresponde a los temas tratados. La relevancia del artículo reside en la vigencia de dichas cuestiones y de los argumentos en torno a ellas, en las claves hermenéuticas que aporta para una mejor comprensión de la obra de Zea y de Villoro, y en la reflexión que suscita respecto a la naturaleza del diálogo filosófico y de las comunidades filosóficas.
Elementary Explorations: Eclipses, Earth and Space Science
Authors: Poindexter Kristen
Published: February 2024

This article provides several suggestions for implemeting Earth and Space science activities into the K-5 classroom ahead of the 2024 solar eclipse.  Additionally, several resources, including children's literature, downloads, and websites are provided with specific K-5 eclipse activites so that teachers can incorporate them into their classrooms.
THST Call for Papers
Authors: THST Editorial Board
Published: February 2024

THST maintains an open submission schedule. View this CFP for details, including links to the THST Submission system.
The Hoosier Science Teacher, Volume 46, Issue 2
Authors: THST Editorial Board
Published: February 2024

The Hoosier Science Teacher is the official journal published by the Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, Inc. Volume 46, Number 2.
Los partidos políticos en la Constitución. Las entrañas de la democracia
Authors: Gómez Puerto Ángel B.
Published: February 2024

Es asunto clave de los Estados democráticos, el papel actual de los partidos políticos como entes facilitadores de la participación de la ciudadanía en la actividad política, tema de absoluta actualidad en España en la última década. Tras una reflexión inicial sobre el papel de los partidos políticos como dirección del Estado, el trabajo inserta un amplio capítulo sobre la historia política y democrática de los partidos políticos, los fundamentos teóricos y constitucionales del denominado Estado de partidos, la representación política, los instrumentos constitucionales de participación directa, así como los requisitos de constitucionalidad, régimen jurídico y funciones de los partidos políticos. Asimismo, se aborda una cuestión poco estudiada hasta ahora, la promesa electoral y los efectos que debería tener su incumplimiento por los responsables políticos, proponiendo para este asunto una concreta reforma de la Constitución. En su parte final, la obra propone hasta diez propuestas de reformas constitucionales y legales para profundizar en nuestro actual Estado democrático, con el objetivo, como señala el propio autor, de hacer realmente democrática nuestra relación con el Estado, con los poderes públicos, con un objetivo fundamental, lograr la felicidad y el bienestar general, concluyendo el ensayo con una reflexión final sobre una propuesta de nueva Constitución para el año 2030.
Self-supervised context-aware correlation filter for robust landmark tracking in liver ultrasound sequences
Authors: Ma Lin , Wang Junjie , Gong Shu , Lan Libin , Geng Li , Wang Siping , Feng Xin
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Respiratory motion-induced displacement of internal organs poses a significant challenge in image-guided radiation therapy, particularly affecting liver landmark tracking accuracy.

Methods

Addressing this concern, we propose a self-supervised method for robust landmark tracking in long liver ultrasound sequences. Our approach leverages a Siamese-based context-aware correlation filter network, trained by using the consistency loss between forward tracking and back verification. By effectively utilizing both labeled and unlabeled liver ultrasound images, our model,
Siam-CCF
, mitigates the impact of speckle noise and artifacts on ultrasonic image tracking by a context-aware correlation filter. Additionally, a fusion strategy for template patch feature helps the tracker to obtain rich appearance information around the point-landmark.

Results

Siam-CCF
achieves a mean tracking error of 0.79 ± 0.83 mm at a frame rate of 118.6 fps, exhibiting a superior speed-accuracy trade-off on the public MICCAI 2015 Challenge on Liver Ultrasound Tracking (CLUST2015) 2D dataset. This performance won the 5th place on the CLUST2015 2D point-landmark tracking task.

Conclusions

Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, establishing it as one of the top-performing techniques on the CLUST2015 online leaderboard at the time of this submission.
Dual-band circular polarized microstrip antenna for GNSS application
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Zhang Bianmei , Liu Xiaoming , Yang Xiaofan , Zhang Ran , Wang Ye
Published: February 2024

A dual-band circular polarized antenna with broad bandwidth is proposed. Two circular grooves with different radii are carved on the ground to generate two frequency bands. Two rectangular slots are engraved on the outside of the circular groove. By adjusting the length of the two slots, this antenna can radiate right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) waves at two frequency bands, which can cover GPS L5 (1.176 GHz), L2 (1.227 GHz), L1 (1.575 GHz), BDS, GALILEO, and GLONASS bands. The measured −10 dB bandwidth is 46.3 % (1.13–1.81 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths are 15.6 % (1.11–1.30 GHz) and 17.8 % (1.38–1.65 GHz). The measured gains are 2.51 dBi and 2.67 dBi at 1.2 GHz and 1.56 GHz, respectively.
The effects of PETTLEP imagery and action observation on strength performance of a leg extension and flexion task
Authors: Aiken Christopher A. , Post Phillip G. , Munger Cameron N. , Sampson Jack J. , Cochran Sean M. , Zhuravleva Tatiana A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Research suggests that imagery can be enhanced by incorporating action observation into theoretically based imagery interventions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of PETTLEP imagery intervention on strength performance.

Methods

All individuals completed the Mental Imagery Questionnaire-III and were tested on peak force production with the quadriceps and hamstrings using the Biodex dynamometer. Participants were randomly placed into imagery with action observation (IAO), physical practice (PP), or control (CON) groups for a five-week intervention. Following post-testing, individuals completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).

Results

Both PP and IAO significantly improved in isometric quadriceps peak force production when compared to CON (p<0.05). Additionally, PP significantly increased peak force production during isokinetic testing with the quadriceps (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the hamstrings (p>0.05). No group differences were found in IMI scores (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The practical and theoretical implications for this research are discussed.