bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Applicability of Two-Equation Turbulence Models in Wind Velocity Prediction
Authors: Li Li , Meng Hang , Wang Yi Mei
Published: March 2013

Wind power prediction plays a pivotal role in reducing the wind power’s negative impact on grid and improving the market competiveness of wind energy. The prediction of wind speed is the key procedure of short-term wind power prediction. In this paper, a wind speed predicting approach based on CFD model was employed, and in order to improve the accuracy of the predicted wind speed, the two turbulence models of standard κ-ε model and RNG κ-ε model, which were applied in the computation of flow field, were studied and compared. The result shows that it has high accuracy on simulating the flow field and predicting wind speed by both the standard κ-ε model and RNG κ-ε model, and the precision is a little bit better when RNG κ-ε model is adopted. On the other hand, the convergence is better when standard κ-ε model is adopted.
Feasibility Analysis on Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device for Ocean Buoy
Authors: Zhang Li Zhen , E Mao Yuan , Wang Shi Ming , Liang Yong Cheng
Published: March 2013

When the oscillating buoy wave power device installed on the ocean buoy, the floater and the ocean buoy move up and down under the action of the waves. Therefore, whether there is a vertical relative displacement between the floater and the ocean buoy becomes a crucial problem of the wave power generation. Based on the wave theory, taking the vertical cylinder floater for example, introduced the wave force and the moving displacement of the floater，the relative displacement between the floater and three different sizes of ocean buoys under four different oceanic conditions was analyzed by MATLAB. The result indicates that the greater wave height, the greater relative displacement; the shorter wave period, the greater relative displacement; and the larger size of the ocean buoy, the greater relative displacement. So the electric power can be generated and the scheme is feasible.
Sizing and Economic Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Xiu Xiao Qing , Li Jian Lin , Hui Dong
Published: March 2013

Lithium-ion battery energy storage technology has recently made great development, which can play a significant role in power system. Take grid load shifting for example, lithium-ion battery energy storage technology can alleviate the problem of the growing difference between peak and valley, and reduce power system equipment investment, etc. While the high cost of lithium-ion battery energy storage technology limits its large-scale application at present stage. Hence, during early stage of energy storage project investment planning, it is necessary to analyze the economic problems of its investment. Based on the technical level of the lithium-ion battery at present, lithium-ion battery energy storage system capacity configuration strategy is proposed and economic analysis model is established. Finally, economic issues of investment in lithium-ion battery energy storage system for grid load shifting are studied, and the capacity configuration recommendations are given.
The Research for Uncertainty Heat Transfer Process of Phase Change Thermal Storage Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Li Zhi Yong , Zhao Yu Qing , Zou Xue
Published: March 2013

Because of phase change materials (PCMs)’ composition, machining error, measuring error and other factors, the PCMs’ thermal physical properties, geometric properties, etc are usually uncertain. Phase change heat transfer process is an uncertainty heat transfer process. In this paper, it is considered factors’ uncertainty influencing phase change thermal storage heat transfer process. Heat transfer model of phase change thermal storage is established. And the uncertainty phase change heat transfer process is analysis based on Monte Carlo method. The experiment shows that the temperature of PCMs varied between the upper bound and lower bound of calculations. Comparison between simulation results of the model and experimental data implies that it is necessary to consider influencing factor’s uncertainty in phase change thermal storage heat transfer analysis.
An Electricity-Replacing-Oil Strategy Based on Chinese Subway System’s Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Model
Authors: Wang Shu Xiang , Lin Li Qiong , Tan Zhong Fu , Yue Hai Tao , Xing Tong , Tian Wen Xu
Published: March 2013

By modeling for the energy conservation and pollutants emission reduction of subway, the paper takes the subway as an electricity-replacing-oil strategy .Compared with the road oil consumption transportation, subway proves to be efficient in energy saving and environmental protection. It also has a large potential in further improvement.
Analysis of D-STATCOM Reducing Loss and Saving Energy in Distribution System Based on PSCAD
Authors: Jiang Zhe , He Gui Xiong , Jiang Li Min , Yin Zhong Dong , Yan Hua Guang , Meng Jun Xia , Yang Xiao Bin
Published: March 2013

According to requirement of the energy conservation of the distribution system, this paper analyses the principle of D-STATCOM reducing Loss and saving energy in distribution system, from the point of reactive power compensation and harmonic filtering in this article from no point of view. Based on instantaneous reactive power theory, a control strategy for the D-STATCOM voltage bridge circuit designed, to use D-STATCOM the purpose to improve the distribution network power factor. The effectiveness and good operating performance of the device and control strategy are certified by simulation with PSCAD/ EMTDC, filtering out the harmonics and compensating reactive power, so as to achieve the purpose of energy conservation Loss Reduction.
Short-Term Prediction Model for a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using EMD and GABPNN
Authors: Zheng Zeng Wei , Chen Yuan Yi , Zhou Xiao Wei , Huo Mei Mei , Zhao Bo , Guo Min Yi
Published: March 2013

The integration between photovoltaic systems and tradition grid have a lot of challenges. To accurately predict is a key to solve these challenges. Due to complex, non-linear and non-stationary characteristics, it is difficult to accurately predict the power of photovoltaic systems. In this paper, a short-term prediction model based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD)and back propagation neural network(BPNN) was constructed, and use genetic algorithm as the learn algorithm of BPNN. The power data after pre-processing is decomposed into several components, then using prediction model based on BPNN and genetic algorithm to predict each component, and all the component prediction values were aggregated to obtain the ultimate predicted result. The simulation shows the purposed prediction model has higher prediction precision compare with traditional neural network prediction method and it is an effective prediction method of photovoltaic systems.
Rod-Like LiMn2O4 Evolved from Porous Spherical Flower-Like Carbonate Precursors
Authors: Zhu Hua Li , Xu Ming , Chen Zhao Yong
Published: March 2013

Spinel LiMn2O4 was prepared by solid state reaction from composite carbonate precursors Li2CO3 and MnCO3, which were obtained by coprecipitation method. The physicochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 and its precursor were investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and galvanostatic charge-discharge test, respectively. The carbonate precursors demonstrate the porous spherical flower-like morphology, and spinel LiMn2O4 shows the rod or rod clusters-like one with different particle sizes. The spinel LiMn2O4 prepared from composite carbonate precursors delivers an initial discharge capacity of 115 mAh/g with excellent capacity retention, indicating an attractive application in the high-power lithium-ion batteries.
Influence of Compound Heavy Metal Pollution on Three Kinds of Vegetables Growth Status and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics
Authors: Zhang De Gang , Liu Yan Hong , Yang Ruo Peng , He Fang Fang
Published: March 2013

Through pot experiment to research the influence of different concentrations of compound heavy metals pollution on Pakchoi, Brassica chinensis and Celery growth status and several physiological and biochemical indexes. The test results showed that: with the increasing of pollution concentration, the maximum leaf area, plant height, fresh weight of the overground part, catalase activity, vitamin C content and free proline content were not uniform in three kinds of vegetables. The Pakchoi plant height and leaf area were increased at first, then decreased in the trend, biomass declined; the maximum leaf area, plant height and overground parts of the fresh weight of celery are tending to decline; the Brassica chinensis except plant height erratic, maximum leaf area and fresh weight of the overground parts showed a gradual downward trend; the Proline content increased compared with the control group, and celery’s proline content increased when compound heavy metals concentration increased, but the proline content declined of Pakchoi and Brassica chinensis in high heavy metals concentrations. The vitamin C content were lower than the control group, and celery’s vitamin C decreased with the compound heavy metals concentration increased, there was significant difference between the treatments, but Pakchoi and Brassica chinensis did not show a strong regularity; catalase activity of Celery and Brassica chinensis is lower than the control, but it is strong in Pakchoi.
Partial Nitrification in Microaerobic Tank of “Anoxic-Anaerobic- Microaerobic-Aerobic (A2O2)” Biological Nitrogen Removal Process
Authors: Gao Jian Lei , Lv Bing Nan , Yan Yi Xin , Wu Jian Ping
Published: March 2013

The pilot-scale Anoxic-Anaerobic-Microaerobic-Aerobic (A2O2) biological nitrogen removal process was used to treat the wastewater from nitrogenous fertilizer production with C/N ratio of 1~2. Batch tests were conducted to investigate the patial nitrification using the activated sludge from the microaerobic tank rich in nitrite bacteria as the experimental object. Results showed that 95% removal efficiency of NH3-N could be obtained with the HRT of 30 h. The SVI affected the NH3-N removal rate and the optimal SVI was 106 mL/g. The ORP was well correlated with the logarithm of NH3-N concentration with the linear regression equation of y=-57.233x+3.308. Moreover, the kinetic model for partial nitrification was determined as v=4.762s/(9.86+s).
The Applications of MBR in Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Yun Long , Xue Kai
Published: March 2013

The membrane-bioreactor (MBR) is a combination technology that includes biological treatment and membrane filtration separation. According to the test, it studied the use of membrane bioreactor reuse in municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The test measured every target about treated water quality,NH3-N,TN,CODcr,Sludge concentration and Turbidity. The results of the test show that the MBR can get efficient solid liquid separation to obtain the recycled water directly, and can maintain high concentration of microbial biomass in bioreactor. In addition, it can increase the volume of load handing equipment, and reduce floor space.
Comparison of Water-Lifting Aerator Type for Algae Inhibition in Deep Reservoirs
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhang Meng Dan , Zhao Wei Li , Huang Ting Lin
Published: March 2013

Water-lifting aeration technology is one of the effective in-situ algae control technologies in deep reservoirs. Effects of water-lifting aerator type on the in-situ algae inhibition using water-lifting aeration technology was numerically analyzed with the help of FLUENT software. Under stable state, one large clockwise circulation flow was generated outside non-submerged and submerged water-lifting aerators, but the core algae inhibition zone was farther away from the non-submerged aerator under each water depth. When the water depth was increased from 77.25 m to 97.25 m, the percentage of the core algae inhibition zone to the whole flow domain was decreased from 56.01% to 47.34% for the submerged water-lifting aerator case, while that was decreased from 55.48% to 40.15% for the non-submerged water-lifting aerator case.
Introduction of a New Reclamation Technology in Mining Subsidence Area by Yellow River Sediment
Authors: Ma Liang , Gao Feng , Jiang Guang Hui
Published: March 2013

The research introduces a kind of new technology of utilizing sediment from the Yellow River for filling and reclamation of coal mining subsidence area. Through analyzing the water and sediment conditions in downstream of the Yellow River for filling subsidence, detail design on sediment fetching position, scale, method, equipment, pipe and pump station, technical costs assessment and economic benefits analysis are conducted to find a new less cost and big benefit way to comprehensively solve the problems of sediment in the Yellow River and coal mining subsidence land.
Performance of Solid Organic Carbon Sources for In Situ Biological Denitrification in Groundwater
Authors: Zhang Jian Mei , Feng Chuan Ping , Hong Si Qi
Published: March 2013

As the lack of carbon source is a key problem of in-situ denitrification in groundwater, choosing appropriate solid carbon source materials is very important. In this study, wheatstraw and sawdust were selected as potential carbon sources to evaluate the performance for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater by three laboratory-scale column experiments operated at a flow rate of 2.0 cm3/min for 78 d. The results showed that sawdust was a suitable carbon source with less release of nitrogen compounds and relatively stable release of organic carbon, compared with wheatstraw, and was applicable for further use as a filling material in in-situ groundwater bioremediation.
QSAR Analyzes for the Predictive Toxicity of Substituted Phenols and Anilines to Fish (carp)
Authors: Sun Ping , Gao Shu Mei , Liu Hiu , Chen Jian Ting
Published: March 2013

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study for predicting the acute toxicity 96h - LC50 values of substituted anilines and phenols to carp is presented in this work. For this, the descriptors were obtained with DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311G** level using the Gaussian 03 software package. Afterwards the obtained parameters were taken as theoretical descriptors to establish a QSAR model for predicting -lgLC50. The model contains two variables, energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), which suggest that the main effect on biological toxicity of phenols and anilines is the interaction of electrons between the molecules of organic chemicals. Besides, the model was further validated by variance inflation factors (VIF) and t-test, and show fine stabilities and predictive abilities, which can be used to predict -lgLC50 of these kinds of compounds.
Study on the Accumulation Characteristics of Hyperaccumulator Phytolacca Acinosa Roxb on Heavy Metal Pb
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tao Zong Ya
Published: March 2013

To study and select the proper hyperaccumulator plants and their growing method for rapid and effective heavy metal contamination cleaning is of great significance for heavy metal contamination restoration and treatment. This research takes Phytolacca acinosa Roxb as experimental material with lead chloride (PbCl2) of various concentrations as different treatment factors, uses potting plant sto simulate natural environment polluted by heavy metal, analyzes the accumulation characteristics of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb on Heavy Metal Pb. The results show that as the concentration of PbCl2 increases, the accumulation of Pb in Phytolacca acinosa Roxb also increases; when the concentration of PbCl2 content reaches a maximum level of 200 mg/Kg, the Pb content of overground part shows a highest level of 1.763mg/g DW, while the Pb content of foot end part is 0.402 mg/gDW. The experiment indicates that accumulation amount of the overground part (S) to that of the foot end (R) is S/R >1, which shows the basic characteristics of Pb Hyperaccumulator.
Treatment of Slaughter Wastewater by Regulation Pool/Hydrolysis Acidification/Contact Oxidation
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Shan Xin Chao
Published: March 2013

Used slaughter wastewater treatment engineering of some food industry group in Liaoning Anshan as example. Introduced process characteristics, design parameters, treatment effect and operation cost of treating slaughter wastewater by regulation pool/ hydrolysis acidification/ contact oxidation process. The project of water treatment capacity is 8000m3/d, the average concentration of COD、BOD、NH3-N and oil respectively was 2000mg/L、1200 mg/L、120mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively. The treated water concentration can reach 44mg/L、8 mg/L、6 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively. Good treatment effects can be achieved by regulation pool/ hydrolysis acidification/ contact oxidation process, the effluent can meet requirement of Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (DB21/1627-2008), and the process has the advantages of low operating cost, treatment costs of each ton water is 1.78 Yuan/t.
Experimental Study of Adsorption Treatment of the Arsenic-Containing Rural Drinking Groundwater
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Hua , Zuo Yan , Ren Zhi Min , Bian De Jun
Published: March 2013

The arsenic-containing rural drinking groundwater was treated by adsorption method in the paper. It was studied that the varieties and dosages of adsorbents, pH value and adsorption time have an effect on removal of arsenic. The experimental results indicated that the rate of arsenic removal is able to reach 91.39% at room temperature and under the condition of neutral pH values, 2.0 g of zeolite as adsorbent and 1 h of adsorption time. The content of arsenic in the treated drinking groundwater can be up to the current national hygiene standards of rural drinking water (<0.05mg /L).
A Primary Study on Assessment of Phytoremediation Potential of Biofuel Crops in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
Authors: Oh Kokyo , Li Tao , Cheng Hong Yan , Hu Xu Feng , Lin Qi , Xie Ying He
Published: March 2013

Phytoremediation is a low cost and eco-friendly emerging technology for treatment of contaminated soils with the use of green plants. In this study, the accumulation potential to heavy metals by two biofuel crops (maize and sunflower) and two metal accumulator plants (Elsholtzia splendens (ES), Tagetes patula L. (TP)) was studied with pot culture filled with a heavy metal contaminated soil, in order to compare their suitability for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Sunflower showed the highest accumulation level for Cu (150 ug/pot) and Zn (10893 ug/pot) in the shoot part compared to other three plants. Maize showed a similar accumulation level for Cu (104 ug/pot) and Zn (7454 ug/pot) to TP, but a much higher level than ES. TP showed noticeable accumulation levels for Pb (196 ug/pot) and Cd (637 ug/pot). ES generally had the lowest accumulation capacity for Cu (38.5 ug/pot), Zn (2784 ug/pot), Pb (35.4 ug/pot) and Cd (18.2 ug/pot). Therefore, the two biofuel plants had higher or similar phytoremediation potential of heavy metals compared to the two accumulator plants. This study provided useful data for considering biofuel plants as potential economic crops for phytoremediation.
Comparison of Degradation and Decoloration on Cigarette Industry Wastewater by Ozone and Advanced Oxidation
Authors: Li Jing Shi , Wang Xiao Jun , Deng Rui , Pang Zhi Hua
Published: March 2013

Chromaticity of cigarette industry wastewater increase when treating by aerobic due to large quantities of lignin, nicotine and carbohydrate. Ozone and advance oxidation are proposed for degradation and decoloration of cigarette wastewater that processed by aerobic. The result shows that ozone process has its advantage of high decoloration rate, simple operation and low operation cost. Optimum parameters of ozone process are ozone dosage of 37.65mg/L, reaction time of 15min, reaction pH of 7.0-9.0. The COD removal rate is 38.3% when the decoloration rate is 57.5%. Operation cost of ozone process is 0.4 yuan/m3.
Study on Potassium Ferrate and Ferric Sulfate Combined with Enhanced Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Zhang Huan Zhou , Zhang Lei , Cui Jian Guo
Published: March 2013

Through the experiment about the potassium ferrate joint polymeric ferric sulfate removing phosphorus , add a small amount of potassium ferrate can significantly improve the phosphorus removal rate, study the optimum process conditions of the experiment about removing phosphorus, in order to make phosphorus contented in water treated reach A standard of the national urban sewage discharge standards.
The Ecological Effects of Humic Acid Fertilizer on the Spring Wheat under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Ren Yan Jun , Ma Jian Jun
Published: March 2013

Using spring wheat as tested materials, by pot experiments and three fertilization modes (seed soaking mode, irrigated fertilization mode and mixed using mode), the effects of sodium humate on the wheat seedlings growth and mineral elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) absorption were studied. The results indicated that, all three modes showed obviously resistance performance to Cd stress, promoted the wheat seedlings growth and the dry matter accumulation, and the third mode had the best effects. In the background soil, sodium humate treatments could obviously inhibit the Cd elements absorption; promote the mineral elements absorption and accumulation. Along with the Cd stress degree aggravateing, the inhibition effects reduced. At the same time, different fertilization modes had different effects on mineral elements absorption and accumulation. The research also puts forward that humic acid fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer and soil conditioner with alleviate heavy metals pollution and enhance plant stress resistance function.
The Application and Research of Electrochemical Method Treating Acid Red 3R Simulation Wastewater by Response Surface Method
Authors: Hu Jun Sheng , Guan Lei , Dong Jia Li , Wang Ying , Duan Ying Yong
Published: March 2013

Using electrochemical oxidation method treats the acid red 3R simulation wastewater, investigates the influence of current density, electrolyte concentration, pH-value and aeration and their interaction on the removal rate of chroma. Through the design of Box-Benhnken Design(BBD) and the response surface analysis, the influence sequence of all variables is current density > aeration > electrolyte concentration > pH-value, the influence sequence of all interaction is electrolyte concentration-aeration > current density-aeration ,electrolyte concentration-pH value > current density-pH value > pH value-aeration > current density-electrolyte concentration. Ultimately, the optimal value is 98.4915% under the condition of current density of 6.51mA/cm2,electrolyte concentration of 0.04mol/L,pH-value of 4.17 and aeration of 0.24m3/h.
Optimization of Crystallization of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate: Initial Phosphate Concentration, PH and Reactants Molar Ratio
Authors: Huang Kai , Qiu Li Ping , Meng Jin Feng , Wang Dong
Published: March 2013

By- products are widespread in the crystallization of magnesium ammonia phosphate (MAP) as the differences in reactive conditions which effects the forms and habits of crystals. The study focused on the supernatant from septic tank in order to achieve in-situ treatment. Based on the effluent, the optimization research of initial phosphate concentration and pH was investigated by using single factor analysis. The crystal products with different reaction condition were also characteristiced through the XRD analysis. The experimental results showed that the optimum reactants molar ratio of n(NH4+):n(Mg2+):n(PO43-) were 90:25:1, 4:1.6:1 and 3:1.4:1 when pH value was 9.5 with initial phosphate concentration 8mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L, respectively. It was also observed that the phosphate removal rate increased with increasing the initial phosphate concentration or pH value. As the aging time increased, the removal rate was in parabolic curve with 30 minute at the highest point. The XRD analysis revealed that the best MAP crystal could be produced with initial phosphate concentration 50mg/L and pH 9.0.
Sludge Management and its Development in China
Authors: Wang Shun Bing
Published: March 2013

With the booming construction of wastewater treatment plants, sludge management has become a tough problem in China. This article presents the current situation of sludge management and its development in China, mainly focusing on sludge treatment and disposal technologies applied in sludge management practice and related policies. In future, sludge management will receive more attention and more financial support will be provided by the government. To establish a system of sustainable sludge management, efficient and economical technologies, huge amount of investments and strict policies are the critical and breakthrough points.
The Research of Sulfur Dioxide Absorption in Pharmaceutical Waste Gas by Renewable Absorber
Authors: Shen Wei Yang , Hu Chen Yi , Chen Jian Qiu , Guo Rui Xin
Published: March 2013

The effects of the absorption of sulfur dioxide with phosphoric acid/ triethanolamine were researched through the absorption experimental equipment. From the experiment, we found the effects of absorption and recycling of absorber was better when the pH of Absorber was 7, at the same time, the absorption selectivity of SO2 was 95% with the existence of CO2. Other reaction conditions were also researched, the optimal absorption temperature was 40 °C and the optimal regeneration temperature is 110°C , and the optimal concentration of triethanolamine was 1.5 mol.L-1. The concentration of SO2 in the purified gas was lower than 100 mg.m-3.
Photocatalytic Degradation of the Methyl Orange Solution Using Heteropoly Acid Supported on Molecular Sieve as Catalyst
Authors: Huang Yan Qin
Published: March 2013

Photochemical catalyst PW/MCM-41 is prepared by impregnation method, and its photocatalytic degradation activity to methyl orange is studied. Results show that catalyst load, catalyst dosage，amount of H2O2, initial concentration of methyl orange and irradiation time are important factors for photocatalytic degradation. The best reaction conditions are: the catalyst load is 40%, the catalyst dosage is 5.0 g/L, the H2O2 dosage is 6.0 g/L, the initial concentration of methyl orange is 10 mg/L，and the irradiation time is 150 min. Under such conditions, the photocatalytic degradation rate could reach 84%. The catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity.
Treatment of Urea Waste Water over Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Tethered Urease
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Sha , Xiong Di , Xiong Chun Rong
Published: March 2013

Urease was successfully tethered onto coconut shell activated carbon (AC) granules. Degradation of urea was carried out in packed bed over the tethered urease. For 75% of retained activity, the tethered urease shows a broader temperature range of 42~80°C, compared to 45~75°C for the free enzyme. Similarly, the tethered urease has an increased resistance against the changes of pH. For a relative activity of 80%, the free urease had a pH range of 6.2-7.4, while it was 6.5–8.0 for the tethered urease. The Km values of the free and tethered ureases were 22.60 mg/mL and 7.43 mg/mL, respectively. And the Vm values were actually very close (~23.5 mg/min ) for both the tethered and free ureases. The catalytic performance of the tethered urease was tested in a packed bed reactor. The relative activity was maintained over 80% after 50 h of running in degradation of urea.
Fe0/Zn0 PRB Technology for the Remediation of PCBs Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Du Jun , Liu Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xue Qing , Qiu Ming Ying , Zhang Lan Ying , Fan Ya Nan
Published: March 2013

The vast majority of PRB currently in use utilize zero valent iron (ZVI) as the reactive medium. In this paper, three laboratory columns were set up and operated under conditions simulating those anticipated in the groundwater to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the enhanced Fe0 PRB for the remediation of the PCBs contaminated groundwater. Operating under 10°C and an effective porosity of 61% to 67% and infiltration velocity of groundwater of 0.7 to 0.8m•d-1, the average iron concentration of effluent was 0.241mg•L-1, 0.129mg•L-1 and 0.201mg•L-1, respectively, and the average dechlorination efficiency reached 49.6%, 72.6% and 58.6%, respectively, the Fe0/Zn0 based columns can accomplish 94% of PCBs removal and pH value raised from 6.87 to 10.2. Comprehensive consideration suggested that Fe0/Zn0 based PRB technology is feasible for the remediation of PCBs contaminated groundwater.
Development of the Acidic Mining Wastewater Treatment Technology
Authors: Liu Guang Wei , Bai Run Cai
Published: March 2013

The main formation condition and harmfulness of the acidic mining waste water's were analyzed in this paper. The treatment technology of the acid mine drainage's was briefly introduced. The research development of acid mine drainage was summarized in recent years. It was the fact that developing the efficient, cheap, safe and easy treatment technology of acid mine should be necessary and inevitably and some success management experiences of acidic waste water were applied in acidic mining wastewater.
Analysis on the Start-up of Campus Sewage Treatment with 3-Stage Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Zhu Lei , Liu Fang Xing , Jiang Xiao Lin , Song Hong Jiao
Published: March 2013

In this study, the alternating 3-stage biological aerated filter system with the brush as the filler was proposed for campus sewage treatment and the biofilm formation process was researched. Adopting the four-stage inoculated biofilm formation method, the treatment effects of the 3 filter columns respectively lasted 23d, 20d, 23d to reach stable. After the attached biofilm grew steadily, the effluent COD concentration was between 45 mg/L and 95 mg/L, and the removal efficiency was 77%~85%. The effluent NH4+-N concentration of 1st and 3rd filter columns was 11~25 mg/L, and the removal efficiency was 47%~67%; while the effluent NH4+-N concentration of 2nd filter column was 8 ~19 mg/L, the removal efficiency was 64%~ 78%.
Study of a New Kind of Adsorbent for Removal of Nitric Oxides
Authors: Wang Shou Zhong , Xu Ju , Zhao Jin Hai , Guo Tian Tian , Zhang Tong , Yang Zhi Feng , Dong Chun Hong , Li Yun Ping
Published: March 2013

A new kind of adsorbent is prepared in the present study, which is expected to capture NOx with high efficiency. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, carbide slag, diatomite, activated alumina are chosen as the major material with a small amount of surfactants and dispersants as the additive. Different recipes were characterized by SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption method. The result showed that the optimum adsorbent has the largest surface area of 95.67m2/g which is Ca(OH)2: NaOH: activated alumina=4:1:1. The test on removal of NOx is conducted. The result showed that the adsorbent is capable of removal efficiency exceeding 98% in 10minutes.
Characteristics of Nitrogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactor at Low Temperature
Authors: Bao Rui Ling , Xue Lian Qing , Yan Xiao Ju , Yu Shui Li
Published: March 2013

An aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor was carried out at low temperature (101oC) to understand the characteristics of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that nitrification via nitrite could be achieved with an average nitrosation rate of 97.7%. Influent C/N ratio was an important factor influencing the accumulation of nitrite in the effluent. In the experinment, the reactor exhibited a higher removal efficiency for COD with the effluent concentration of COD ranged from 88.2% to 91.8%. In phase I which C/N ratio was 20:1, effluent concentration of ammonium was about 12.9mg/L with the removal efficiency of 77.0%. As the C/N ratio was reduced to 15:1 and 10:1, the effluent concentration of ammonium was around 0.5 mg/L. At the same time, nitrite in the effluent reached up to 21.0 mg/L when the influent COD concentration was induced from 1120mg/L to 560 mg/L with C/N ratio induced from 20:1 to 10:1, however nitrate concentration was remained around 0.4 mg/L throughout the whole experinment.
Dewatering of Sewage Sludge with Coal as a Conditioner Using Thermal Compression
Authors: Fan Li , Zhou Ming Yuan , Li Xiu Li
Published: March 2013

Thermal compression is effective for solid-liquid separation of various materials. In this paper, thermal compression was applied on the dewatering of sewage sludge with coal as a filter aid. Experiments with 0.25-1 mm coal particles (0.2 kg coal/kg dry sludge solid) obtained cakes of solid content over 49%. Higher dosage of coal generated cakes with lower moisture content. The combustion behavior of the sludge cake was studied using TG/DTG analysis. The results showed that a total weight loss of 65.1% occurred from 25 °C to 800 °C, including two major weight loss stages corresponding to loss of moisture and volatile materials respectively.
Experimental Studies on Enhanced Coagulation of Tail Water
Authors: Tan Feng Xun , Wang Jiu Mei , Wu Dao Ji
Published: March 2013

Traditional wastewater treatment methods can no longer remove effectively nitrogen and phosphorus that are the direct murderers of water eutrophication hazard. Enhanced coagulation method was adopted to improve the treatment effect by dosing suitable coagulants and coagulant aids. The raw water was from the reclaimed water in a University. TP and ammonia nitrogen removal of the water had been researched through an enhanced coagulation process with dosing ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, polymeric ferric chloride, and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) in this study. The coagulants effects were estimated by determining the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, TP, COD and turbidity. When dosing the raw water with 80 mg/L PAC, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, TP, COD and turbidity are respectively 6.12%, 67.79%, 26.21%, 85.41%. The experimental results can be used as a reference of water treatment in the reclaimed water station.
Effect of PH on PCP Remediation by Smectite Supported Pd0/Fe0
Authors: Han Jun Li , Jia Han Zhong , Song Cun Yi
Published: March 2013

Due to its influence on iron corrosion and involvement in dechlorination reaction, the concentration of H+ (i.e. reaction pH) is crucial to the reactivity and efficiency of nanosized Pd0/Fe0. In this study, PCP dechlorination by smectite-templated Pd0/Fe0 was studied and the effect of pH on PCP dechlorination was investigated in detail. The reaction rate constant is critically dependant on the reaction pH over the range 6.0~10.0. When the pH is 6.0~8.0, the dechlorination rate constant () increases rapidly with decreasing the reaction pH value; the rate change is up to 3.346 folds with decreasing of per pH unit; while it decreases down to 0.3338 when pH is in the range 8.0~10.0. The reductive efficiency of zero-valent iron (ZVI) was further investigated by spiking excess PCP in the reaction system. The maximal reaction efficiency of ZVI for PCP dechlorination attains to 78% when pH is 9.0. The difference between the dechlorination rate and reductive efficiency with respect to reaction pH suggest that ZVI could not be effectively utilized to reduce PCP under acidic condition.
A Review on Research of Carbonaceous and Carbon-Supported Sorbents for Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Dou Jin Xiao , Yu Jiang Long , Song Chao Ling , Yin Feng Kui
Published: March 2013

The development of flue gas desulphurization technologies and the control and reduction of SO2 pollution from coal combustion have become a hot research topic due to environmental concerns. Carbonaceous and carbon supported desulfurizing sorbents have highly porous structures, large specific surface area and low production costs and can be widely used as desulfurizer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of carbonaceous and carbon-based desulfurizing sorbents, including active components, compositions of raw gas and effects of process operation conditions. It can be concluded that the use of char supported metal desulfurizing sorbents for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas is a promising technology. Different aspects of applications of carbonaceous and carbon-supported desulfurization sorbents are discussed in detail.
Extraction Process of Amaranthine Pigment Keeping the Water Wax Fuit Biological Active
Authors: Wang Feng Jie , Dong Xin Qiao , Liu Xiao
Published: March 2013

Development natural pigment retained a variety of nutrition composition is extremely research value.Water Wax Trees Fruit was as raw materials,citric acid aqueous solution was as extracting agent.Amaranthine pigment extraction method were studied on fully grasping the stability of the natural amaranthine pigment and no damage to the water wax fruit biological activity.The effect of extraction yield were studied on Water Wax Trees Fruit natural amaranthine pigment.The results show that the better extraction conditions are extraction temperature at 70 °C, extraction time for 3h,citric acid concentration1.0 % , the material/liquid ration(g/ml) 1:5.The extraction yield is 2.95%.Ultraviolet absorption maximum wavelength is 280 nm.
Experimental Research on the Emission Characteristics of City Taxies
Authors: Sun Long Lin , Huang Wen Wei , Gao Mou Rong
Published: March 2013

The taxies’ emission experiments on urban roads are carried out with a high-precision mobile emission analyzer. Then the emission characteristics are analyzed. The experiment data show that the high speed, the low acceleration and the low VSP will be helpful to decrease the emission and the long mileage will worsen the emission.
Research of the Evaluation on Heavy-Metal Pollution in Rice by Sewage Irrigation
Authors: Sun Wen Hao , Jiang Ying Xiang , Li Xia
Published: March 2013

This paper took the SongSan wastewater irrigation district of Liaoning Province, Anshan city as object of study. Base on the survey on the sewage irrigation situation, heavy metal concentration in rice grain and drinking water were measured through single pollution index evaluation and comprehensive pollution index evaluation (Nemerow index method). It could be served as the basis for environmental management and relevant laws and regulations. Experimental results showed that drinking water were not polluted by heavy mental. Sewage irrigation had a comparatively small impact on drinking water. According to the heavy mental determination results of grain crop seeds, it can conclude that the Cu and Pb content were above the national food quality standard. The pollution is serious, however, the content of Zn and Cd were below or close to the national food quality standard, which is in danger of exceeding the standard. Determined by comprehensive pollution index, it showed that the rice in the whole sewage irrigation is serious polluted by heavy mental. The heavy metal pollution presented the characteristics of extensive area-source pollution. Pollution intensity was strengthened and more difficult to be managed.
Speciation of Arsenic in Waste Rocks of Xinqiao Pyrite Mine, Tongling, China
Authors: Chen Li Wei , Xu Xiao Chun , Huang Jie Ying , Zhao Yu Jie , Hu Xiao Feng
Published: March 2013

The speciation of potentially toxic heavy metal elements Arsenic in waste rocks of mining activities in Xinqiao Pyrite Mine was studied by conducting improved five step sequential extraction method. The arsenic mainly existed in silicate, secondly in deoxidize, and the exchangeable, oxidizable and carbonate modes content were low. When the waste rocks reacted with the acid mine drainage, the arsenic in the deoxidize and oxidizable modes might easily release from the waste rocks. So the arsenic had high environmental risk.
Improvement of Daptomycin Yield by Overexpression of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transport Proteins Genes of Daptomycin Gene Cluster
Authors: Yu Guang Hai , Min Yu Tao , Hu Yuan Sen , Yin Yan Li , Huang Liang
Published: March 2013

The effects of the genes of ORF53-55, which code ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins, on daptomycin production were investigated by overexpression. The yield of daptomycin was promoted significantly when either of the genes of ORF53, ORF54 or ORF55 was overexpressed individually or by a combined manner. The results above suggested that the ORF53, ORF54 and ORF55 genes had positive cooperativity in the biosynthesis of daptomycin. The dry weight and sugar utilization of HP-ORF53-55 is significantly improved as compared with the LC-54-16. Based on these results, it was speculated that the genes of ORF 53, 54 and 55 may play an important positive role in the process of reducing sugar transport, which enhanced the cell growth and daptomycin biosynthesis.
Research of Non-Point Source Pollution Quantity Discharged into the Source Area of Liao River
Authors: Dong De Ming , Liang Dong Mei , Ma Ji Li , Zhang Yong , Wang Ju , Fang Chun Sheng
Published: March 2013

First, this paper estimates all kinds of non-point source pollutant emissions in the source areas of Liao river, then calculates the pollutant quantity discharged into the river from rural living sources, planting pollution sources, livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources and aquaculture pollution sources in detail in the source areas. The results of the paper could provide a scientific basis for making a far-reaching significant watershed management scheme.
Influence of Water Content on Corrosion Properties of 20 Steel in Semi-Desertification Soil
Authors: Pei Feng , Fu Jing , Tian Xu , Yin Zhao Hui , Jia Lu Lu , Wang Lei Jing , Zhu Zhi Ping
Published: March 2013

The influences of water content on corrosion behavior of grounding steel in semi-desertification soil were studied by polarization curve technique and weightlessness method.The tested specimen surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experiment results show that moisture has a great influence on corrosion of steel,the corrosion rate of 20 steel increased to a maximum at a value and then decreased.To anslysis the formation mechanism of soil corrosion products.
Chrysotile-Asbestos Decomposition by CCl2F2-Decomposed Acidic Gas
Authors: Liu Tian Cheng , Guo Yu Jiao , Wang Hong Bin , Yuan Ming Long
Published: March 2013

Asbestos was widely used in numerous materials and building products duo to its desirable properties. However, it is well known that asbestos inhalation causes health damage and its inexpensive decomposition technique is necessary to be developed for pollution prevention. Dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) must be decomposed before being liberated into the atmosphere. Acidic gas (HF and HCl) generated from the decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) in the presence of water vapor and oxygen, was reacted with chrysotile-asbestos fibers. At high temperature beyond 300 °C, chrysotile-asbestos fibers were completely decomposed, and sellaite and hematite were detected in the decomposed products.
Decolorization of Waste Water from Reed Three-Stage Count-Current Ethanol-Water Batch Cooking
Authors: Tian Lan Qiang , Li Na , Ping Qing Wei , Zhang Jian , Shi Hai Qing
Published: March 2013

The waste liquor from the first cooking stage of reed three-stage counter-current batch cooking with ethanol-water process was decolorized by preliming, sulfitation and activated carbon absorption combination method. The preliming temperature, calcium superphosphate dosage, pH Value, Na2SO3dosage in preliming and sulfitation, column height and velocity in activated carbon absorption have effect on decolorization. The results indicated that the 50 mL un decolorized waste liquor have the best decolorizing effect when the preliming temperature was 80°C, calcium superphosphate dosage was 1 g, pH value was 7, Na2SO3dosage was 0.04 mol, column height was 12 cm and velocity was 2mL/min, the decolorized rate of waste liquor could be up to 98.1%.
Method of the Waste Electrical Reverse Logistics Environmental Impact Assessment Based on Rough Set Theory
Authors: Zhang Yong Jun
Published: March 2013

Based on the principle of the ISO14042 standard on life cycle impact assessment, the paper uses the environmental eco-indicators to evaluate the environmental impact of waste electrical in reverse logistics. Firstly, build environmental impact indicator system based on the method of eco-indicator99, and use rough set theory to calculate the weight of all the indicators. Then combine the weight with eco-indicator99 database to calculate the environmental eco-indicators. Finally, take waste refrigerator for example to illustrate the process of environmental impact assessment of general waste electrical.
Preparation of R-PET/PP Alloy and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yang Xin Li , Hu Sheng Yong , Cai Ye Bin
Published: March 2013

Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was prepared and then was used as compatibilizer in the alloy of r-PET/PP to improve the compatibility of different phases. The influences of grafting ratio of MA, the additive amount of PP-g-MA, and the ratio of r-PET and PP to the flowability and the mechanical properties of r-PET/PP were researched. The results obtained show that PP-g-MA can improve the compatibility of different phases; the favorite grafting ratio of MA on PP mainchains is 1.4%; when the additive amount of PP-g-MA is 12%, melt index of r-PET/PP indicates that not only the flowability of r-PET/PP becomes better but also the tensile strengthen is higher; the ratio of r-PET and PP should be designed at 20/80 in order to obtain satisfied results.
Research on Rural Waste Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Protection
Authors: Wang Jing Hua , Zhong Chun Yan
Published: March 2013

With the deepening of China's new socialist countryside construction, rural ecological environment has been paid more and more attention. This paper applies the system engineering theory to analyze rural waste comprehensive utilization by taking Xi Baidian Village, Pinggu District of Beijing which is a representative and ongoing pilot village of circular agriculture as an example. The whole village domain system is divided into three subsystems: breeding system, farming system, living environment system. Through overall investigation the paper analyzes the rural waste production and current situation and anatomizes the waste comprehensive utilization measures, using effect and the existent problems. The countermeasures and development directions of waste comprehensive utilization and rural environmental protection are proposed.
Research on the Properties of Municipal Solid Waste of Chongqing
Authors: Feng Guo Jian
Published: March 2013

The properties of municipal solid waste is important to design and construction the landfill. In this paper, research the properties of municipal solid waste apply the indoor test and consulting literatures. The results showed that the density of Chongqing municipal solid waste is 430 ~610 , the average is 470 . The water content value of municipal solid waste in China is higher than foreign countries. The specific gravity of municipal solid waste in Chongqing is between 1.70~2.56. The porosity ratio of municipal solid waste in Chongqing between 1.0~4.0. The permeability order of magnitude is approximately . The properties of municipal solid waste includes density、water content、specific gravity and porosity ratio, these parameters will be used frequently when calculation and analysis[1]. And these parameters related to landfill capacity calculation、 stability evaluation、leachate and landfill gas collection system design. Compare to the test of soil engineering properties, the properties test of municipal solid waste is difficult. The reasons are that (1) At different time and area, the municipal solid waste content will present great difference. For example, if the region use coal for heating, the ash content will higher than other regions. (2) Due to the composition uniformity and fifferent bury time, the organic matter degradation is different, so it is difficult to obtain representative samples. (3) The traditional soil sampling and test methods have rules to follow, in contrary, the municipal solid waste sampling and methods haven’t accepted method.