bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Wakaf Tunai terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan dan Kemaslahatan Masyarakat:
Authors: Halim Halim , Evinovita Evinovita , Sukarna Sukarna
Published: January 2022

The development of waqf management from land and building waqf has a cash waqf that can be a welfare value for Muslims in the management of their assets, especially in the waqf institution in charge of managing waqf or nadzir in order to be more competent in handling cash waqf issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cash waqf in improving the welfare and welfare of the community. The research method used is qualitative descriptive and observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that the role of cash waqf in improving welfare has been held by KSPPS Khaeru Umah, this is obtained because with the benefits of cash waqf called Productive Loans generate profits or profits in business or business. From the indicators of maqashid al-shari'ah that are used there are five aspects including the assets (al-Maal) which serve as a benchmark for the well-being of al-mauquf alaih, in addition it is accompanied by an increase in religious aspects (ad-Din) which are considered to have the most important strength in among other aspects of maqashid al-shari'ah. In terms of improvement can be said to increase for the welfare of al-mauquf alayhi. In the analysis before and after receiving benefits from Productive Loans al-mauquf alaih in terms of business or business did not experience good development, but after the receipt of protab al-mauquf alaih get additional capital from the business so that it can be managed well and even develop to the results or its profit can increase significantly, this can be said that with the role of cash waqf called the Productive Loan program that has been held by the Kaeru Ummah KSPPS it has a pretty good influence or impact on al-mauquf alaih.
Pengaruh Faktor Budaya dan Psikologis Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Dalam Memilih Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Tajur
Authors: Rahmawati Siti , Supriyatna Rio Kartika , Junaedi Dedi , Arsyad Muhammad Rizal
Published: January 2022

Islamic banks are financial institutions that have a wide market potential in Indonesia as one of the applications of the Islamic Islamic economic system in realizing Islamic values ​​and teachings that regulate the economic sector of the Ummah. The number of new financial institutions that have emerged as a Sharia Bank as a business entity is demanded to be able to compete with other financial institutions to survive and increase their profitability. One of the supporting factors for the development of Islamic banking is the public's interest in choosing financial institutions. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the influence of cultural and psychological factors partially and simultaneously on customer decisions in choosing Islamic banks at Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Tajur. The data in this study are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to 100 customers of Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Tajur. The analysis model used to test the hypothesis is simple linear regression with the t test method and the f test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results of the t test of this study indicate that cultural factors have no effect on customer decisions in choosing Bank Syariah Mandiri Tajur, while psychological factors affect customer decisions in choosing Bank Syariah Mandiri Tajur. The results of the F test of this study indicate that cultural and psychological factors have a significant effect on customer decisions in choosing Bank Syariah Mandiri Tajur.
Pengaruh Promosi Online Melalui Sosial Media Instagram Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Konsumen Produk Healthy Drink Bogor
Authors: Maulana Hasbi , Salistia Faisal , Hanoum Farah Chalida
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine: The effect of online promotion through social media Instagram on consumer confidence in Healthy Drink Bogor products. The design of this study is a survey research. The population in this study were consumers of the Healthy Drink Bogor Beverages. The results showed that online promotion had a significant effect on consumer confidence in Healthy Drink Bogor. This shows that if online promotion is good, it will increase consumer loyalty, on the other hand, if consumer satisfaction is low, consumer confidence will decrease. Judging from the total influence of each variable on online promotion in the formation of consumer trust, the indicators of promotion frequency, promotion quality and promotion quantity are the indicators that most contribute to forming online promotions that affect consumer confidence in Healthy Drink Bogor.
Motivasi Kerja dan Akuntabilitas Dosen Tetap di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Al-Faruq M. Shoffa Saifillah , Abdushomad Muhammad Adib
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Achieving the quality of higher education is largely determined by the quality of the lecturers in each field of science that they develop, innovative universities, quality and responsive to global developments and the local order for its success lies in development efforts and fostering the main driving force for growth, namely university lecturers. Motivation is an impulse / power that arises from oneself without any coercion from anyone to do a job. It has long been known that humans are social creatures. As a social being he needs affection, recognition of existence, a desire to have these various needs, humans work and try their best to fulfill that desire. Meanwhile, accountability is a manifestation of the obligation of a person or organizational unit to be accountable for the management and control of resources and the implementation of the policies entrusted to him in order to achieve the goals that have been set through the periodic accountability media.
Perencanaan Pelaksanaan Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Safarullah Fajar Royan , Kosim Ahmad Mulyadi , Triwoelandari Retno
Published: January 2022

The Village law has made the village the subject of development. Villages and villagers jointly initiate village development in order to create a better livelihood and village life. Village funds as village capacity in development have the potential to improve community welfare. This Research is a qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach in order to analyze the planning and implementation process of village funds in improving community welfare from a sharia economic perspective. Data collection techniques used are interview, observation and documentation methods. The governments, community leaders and villagers became informants so that a broad perspective was obtained about village funds and their implications for walfare. The results showed that the planning and implementation of village funds was not yet participatory, the grassroots community had not been involved. Physical infrastructure became the priority of discussion during the planning process. In an effort to improve welfare in 2019 touching the aspects of health, education, and community residence. In 2020, village funds have a greater role in increasing community income in the form the cash assistance to the community in overcoming the covid 19 pandemic. In order to achieve a comprehensive development, in the process must apply sharia economic values. The value of integrity in the devekopment process in the form of justice, trust and fulfillment of reponsibilities as well as helping each other.
Efektivitas Penyaluran Dana Zakat terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Asnaf Gharimin di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti , Kosim Ahmad Mulyadi , Yono Yono
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explain how the distribution system of zakat funds in Baznas Bogor City on the welfare level of Asnaf Gharimin during the Covid-19 pandemic and how effective it is. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations and documentations. The primary data in this study were the deputy chairman II for the utilization and distribution of the Baznas Bogor City, the head for the utilization and distribution of the Baznas Bogor City, and the head of the sub-section for the utilization of the Baznas Bogor City. The results of the study stated that the zakat fund distribution system that wa successfully distributed by the Baznas Bogor City contained 25 asnaf gharimin during the Covid-19 pandemic. For funds channeled to asnaf gharimin, it is given via transfer. The effectivveness of the distribution of zakat funds to asnaf gharimin is already quite effective. Because the community also really feels helped by the help of zakat funds, so they can meet their needs and live a better life..
Pengaruh Etika Bisnis Islam, Disiplin Kerja, dan Kompensasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di Koperasi Syari’ah 212
Authors: Rosalianti Dwi Lia , Hamdani Ikhwan , Hakiem Hilman
Published: January 2022

Islamic business ethics is a business activity carried out by a businessman and runs his business in accordance with Islamic law with the existence of Islamic business ethics, it is expected that business people will carry out in accordance with the demands of Islamic law that have been regulated in the Al-Qur’an. Discipline is an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation, obeying applicable regulations in accordance with agreements that have been mutually agreed from the start . compensation is an acceptance as reward from giving work to the recipient of work for a job or service that has been done. The purpose of  this study was to determine Islamic business ethics, work discipline, and compensation have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction in sharia’ah  cooperatives 212. This study uses quantitative methods. The data analysis is linear regression. The data processing method in this study used the SPSS 16 program. The sampling technique used in this study was a saturated sample technique, that is all of the population was sampled. Amounting to 35 respondents. The data retrieval used was a questionnaire or questionnaire distributed to employees of  the 212 shari’ah cooperative through the google from. The results of this study indicate that Islamic business ethics has no significant effect on employee job satisfaction in sharia’ah cooperatives 212, work discipline has a significant effect on employee job statisfactionin sharia’ah cooperatives 212, and compensation has a significant effects on employee job satisfaction in cooperatives shari’ah 212 with this conclusion, Islamic business ethics, work discipline, and compensation simultaneously have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction in shari’ah 212 cooperatives.
Strategi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Islami Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kinerja Karyawan di Koperasi Syariah 212 Sentul
Authors: Avissa Caesya Noor , Hamdani Ikhwan     , Arif Suyud  
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explain the strategy of human resource management in increasing the productivity of the performance of employees in the Sharia Cooperative 212 Sentul and how appropriate human resource management is with Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and documentation. The resource persons in this study were the head of the human resources division and two employees in Cooperative 212. The results of the study stated that the Human Resource Management Strategy implemented in Cooperative 212 was by providing training, every year there was an employee performance appraisal and increasing ability in communicate. Cooperatives have implemented Human Resource Management in accordance with Islamic law because Cooperative 212 has done things that do not violate Islamic rules such as being honest at work, having a sense of responsibility, maintaining trust, and self-evaluation. Thus, employees are able to produce a positive impact, but the implementation is still less than perfect because the implementation of the strategy used has not been carried out regularly and well structured. However, the leadership is expected to improve the Human Resource management strategy so that the Sharia Cooperative 212 can develop and not deviate from Islamic rules.
Tinjauan Etika Bisnis Islam terhadap Praktik Pemasaran Busana Muslim Studi pada Almeera Moslem Store Bogor
Authors: Rozhania Zulfa Nabillatu , Nawawi Kholil , Gustiawati Syarifah
Published: January 2022

In Islamic economy, the market has important values, because it must have morality or ethics which is one of the responsibilities of every economic agents. Ethics in business must be realized personally which aims for every business person who trades to seek the maximum profit, in Islamic trade it is not just looking for a profit but looking for a blessing. This research explains how the application of Islamic business ethics in marketing Muslim clothing at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor and how the concept of Islamic marketing in Muslim business at Almeera Moslem Store Bogor. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which means to describe some information in the field with data collection techniques used in this study in the form of interviews, and documentation.  The results of this study indicate that the application of Islamic business ethics in the marketing practice of Muslim clothing at Almeera Muslim Store Bogor has fully implemented the principles of justice, the principle of justice, the principle of free will, the principle of responsibility, and the principle of truth.  In the implementation of the marketing concept at the Almeera Moslem Store Bogor in the form of product marketing, prices, and transactions, but there is one thing, namely product satisfaction which is a problem for which there is no solution.  The general solution is to negotiate. Almeera Moslem Store Bogor is always friendly and courteous to consumers in service and marketing as has been implemented in Islamic law.
Enfoque sistémico-cibernético en el diseño de sistema de gestión de una institución de educación superior universitaria
Authors: Taipe-Castro Robensoy Marco
Published: January 2022

La investigación incide en el diseño del sistema de gestión en la “institución de educación superior universitaria” (IESU) con fines de acreditación mediante el enfoque sistémico-cibernético. El propósito es detallar la construcción del sistema de gestión basada en procesos. La metodología de diseño sistémico-cibernético es utilizada enfocada a atender criterios provenientes de la normatividad pertinente a la IESU y estandarización de sistemas de gestión. Los resultados fueron el modelo de sistema viable de la facultad, los procesos agrupados en funciones sistémicas y el mapa de procesos. Asimismo, la investigación evidencia la viabilidad organizacional de la IESU y concluye que el enfoque sistémico-cibernético aborda la organización esclareciendo sus fines y medios organizacionales deseables e idealizados, ello incide en el diseño del sistema de gestión propio y particular de la institución
A Review on Solar Radiation Assessment and Forecasting in Algeria (Part 1: Solar Radiation Assessment)
Authors: Chellali Farouk , Nourdine Kabouche , Recioui Abdelmadjid
Published: January 2022

Solar energy takes a prime place in the energetic transition towards renewable energies. Solar radiation data plays a major role in the expansion of this energy. However, the unavailability of these data due to the reduced number of meteorological stations has imposed the use of various solar radiation estimation and prediction models. Moreover, the geostrategic location of Algeria, its enormous area and its huge solar potential places it among the promising solar energy countries. The main objective of this part is to review the studies done upon estimation and assessment of solar radiation for Algerian sites. Different techniques are proposed including semi-empirical models, satellite imaging and solar maps. The study shows that semi-empirical models have been the most widely used due to the unavailability of solar data.
Renaissance in the Zapatista Mayan World
Authors: Navarro Luis Hernández
Published: January 2022

Founded in 1983 in rural Mexico, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) marked a watershed in terms of indigenous self-defense. The Zapatista struggle set a precedence for those embarking on a process of community policing, legitimized indigenous demands, and created a template in which community security and justice were key. Yet the EZLN’s rise also led to its being targeted by government-backed organizations such as the Cioac-H, which assassinated a Zapatista leader in 2014.
The Community Police
Authors: Navarro Luis Hernández
Published: January 2022

The community police movement was born at a meeting on September 17, 1995 in San Luis Acatlán in response to the continued violence, vigilantism, insecurity, and corporate mining in Guerrero. Government authorities and representatives of community police had a contradictory relationship. Over nineteen years, the government has vacillated between tolerating and then persecuting community police. The Regional Coordinator of Community Authorities (CRAC) was a key player in this period. This community policing helped indigenous, mestizo, and Afro-descendent communities begin reclaiming their rights and identity.
The Art School
Authors: Hale Grace Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Chapter 2 focuses on the band Pylon. In the late 1970s and 1980s, the University of Georgia’s (UGA) art school introduced suburban and small-town Georgia kids—like members of Pylon—to the possibilities of a creative life. If drag pushed some people in Athens to dress up and perform, art school taught people to make things. These young students who loved punk music were inspired to experiment with music-making and learned about the rise of performance in their art classes. Pylon may have started as performance art, but the band did more than any other local group to transform a network of gay and queer artists and their friends into a real bohemia. Pylon expanded the B-52’s’ fusion of pop art ideas and performance art practices. Around the same time, the UGA’s art school and art professors had an experimental curriculum that blurred the boundaries of art and life. Learning took place both within and outside of the classroom, with art professors modelling alternative ways to live to their students. Yet many of the few women in the art program experienced sexism. In the art crowd, sexuality and gender did not map easily onto conventional dichotomies.
Barber Street
Authors: Hale Grace Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

As the 1980s opened, the UGA art school taught that anyone could be an artist, and punk and other new music broadcast on the radio announced anything could be a musician. These ideas eroded the traditional boundaries between cultural producers and consumers, a process made concrete in the small space of downtown Athens. The emergence of a music underground in Athens was also part of a trend dubbed “regional rock” by critic Tom Carson of the Village Voice. Regional rock offered one way of thinking about a larger shift in which a new generation rejected older forms of political organizing and turned instead to cultural rebellion. The participants in these new scenes adapted for their own purposes a model of cultural rebellion with a long history—Bohemianism. The band R.E.M. emerged in this scene, drawing on the fluidity that had characterized the Athens scene from the start to build a new model. R.E.M., many argue, represented an authentic expression of the southern present. As one member of the “scene” put it, R.E.M. made the South look better.
Local Color
Authors: Hale Grace Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

On Saturdays, students enrolled in the Aspects of Folk Culture class at UGA visited tiny Georgia town to meet “folk” artists. Visiting folk artists became a bohemian rite of passage in Athens. For UGA students from the suburbs, folk artists suggested a rootedness in place and connection to older ways of living that seemed racial and interesting. For UGA students from small towns, folk artists provided a way to link childhood experiences with current interests in art and music as well as alternative ways of seeing the world. The work of folk artists, like the indie scene, seemed like a secret as most Americans ignored it. In these exchanges, Athens bohemians travelled in the well-worn paths of earlier waves of folk revivalism. By the mid-1980s, the folk aesthetic had become a profound influence in the Athens scene. Beyond art and music-making, going to folk artists’ and musicians’ houses and studios exposed Athens residents to alternative ways of living. As they began to pay attention to rural vernacular culture, these scene participants gradually developed their own bohemian version of southern pride. But Athens bohemians never quite solved the problem of creating an alternative culture that people of color wanted to join.
Alternatives to War and Slavery
Authors: Darity William A.
Published: January 2022

The opening chapter of Part III focuses on alternative routes not taken during the Civil War era. This chapter offers an in-depth exploration of the rejected option of compensated emancipation, an option the authors argue would have prevented or attenuated the Civil War while also ending slavery in the United States.
Beyond Jim Crow
Authors: Darity William A.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 11 focuses on the insufficiency of the civil rights era to produce racial equality in the United States. It centers on the prolonged devaluation of Black life throughout the post-civil rights era via discrimination and violence.
Roadmap
Authors: Farber Paul M.
Published: January 2022

On February 22, 1962, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy spoke at the Berlin Wall. In his speech, Kennedy located Cold War Berlin as both an outpost and extension of the divided landscapes of American culture. He acknowledged the Berlin Wall in reference to hostile and entrenched racial divides within the United States, referring to the latter as “our wall.” Farber argues Kennedy’s statement can be read as part of a much larger cultural dialogue that had quickly started to unfold in the 1960s as American artists, writers, and activists began drawing attention to the connections between the Berlin Wall and barriers in U.S. democracy. The book traces the Berlin Wall as a site of pilgrimage for critical American cultural producers who confronted the contradictions of U.S. Cold War policy and practice while in Berlin. The introduction lays out Farber’s framework, methodology, and main figures in the book.
Segregated Sectors
Authors: Farber Paul M.
Published: January 2022

In late August 1961, Jewish American photojournalist Leonard Freed visited the Berlin Wall. His chance encounter with an unnamed Black soldier, who he photographed, guarding the newly erected wall inspired his new project: mapping lines and lineages of racial segregation in the United States. This chapter explores Freed’s movements in and out of Berlin during the early years of the Berlin Wall, with an eye toward locating the single-shot image of a Black GI within the broader currents of cultural history. It first delves into the larger context of the Berlin crisis and the walling of Berlin by means of cultural productions, texts, and voices that sought to connect the German wall with the lined and legacies of American segregation. Second, it looks to how Freed’s development as a photographer informed his understanding of geopolitical division and identification in the context of transnational geopolitics and cultural memory. Finally, the chapter closes with a consideration of Freed’s Black in White America (1967/8) and Made in Germany (1970). Freed’s images suggest he viewed the American post-WWII democratic project as a fragile construct.
Beyond the Parrot Perch
Authors: French John D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter opens with the dichotomy of the Northeast (tradition), where Lula was born in rural poverty in Pernambuco, and São Paulo (modernity) which was ground zero for extraordinary boom in driven by industrialization and mass migration after the 1950s. Arriving in São Paulo, Lula’s mother and her children entered a world where nothing was rooted or grounded. This chapter traces the struggle to gain a foothold in the labor market and achieve primary school education for at least one child (Lula). Discussing family dynamics, the chapter lays out Lula’s personality as a child and young man in a place full of opportunity but marked by deeply rooted hierarchies of worth and authoritarian treatment of those below.
The Birth of Lula’s Charisma
Authors: French John D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter will explain how Lula, the gifted organizer, emerged as a recognizably charismatic figure during massive rallies in the Vila Euclides soccer stadium as São Bernardo do Campo’s metalworkers made history by paralyzing Brazil’s industrial heartland in 1979 and again in 1980. By tracing the grassroots dynamic of these defiant mass mobilizations, it sheds light on how a charismatic bond was forged while clarifying the conceptualization of charisma based on Max Weber, Pierre Bourdieu, and Emile Durkheim.
The President, a Man of His Words
Authors: French John D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines whether Lula’s popularity as President (2003-2010) reflect substantive achievements by his government. Was Lula’s success an accomplishment to be hailed or a dubious deviation from leftist principles? What were the consequences of the shift in the PT’s mass electoral base during Lula’s presidential administration? And finally, has petismo, the PT’s doctrinal core centered in the party, degenerated into populism and an amorphous cult of personality—lulismo—accompanied by a failure to raise the political consciousness of millions who benefited from the policies of Lula and Dilma Rouseff like Bolsa Familia? It ends the ongoing fraught dialogue between the intelligentsia and São Paulo’s popular classes—including Fernando Henrique Cardoso the professor and Lula the worker—while addressing the 2018 election of Jair Bolsonaro in the wake of Lula’s prosecution and jailing.
606 Fayetteville Street
Authors: Hill-Saya Blake , Butterfield G. K. , Eileen C.
Published: January 2022

The Moores moved to 606 Fayetteville Street. His closest neighbor was now John Merrick. The chapter details the Moore home, the Hayti neighborhood, and important businesses and Black businessmen who were involved in Hayti. The neighborhood became an enclave for Black middle-class life.
Even Mighty Hearts Must Rest
Authors: Hill-Saya Blake , Butterfield G. K. , Eileen C.
Published: January 2022

At the end of 1919, Moore replaced John Merrick as the president of North Carolina Mutual. It was a pivotal time for the agency, and Moore had to navigate maintaining the business during the economic recession after WWI. Moore was also diagnosed with heart disease, and he went to Battle Creek Sanitarium for rest and recuperation. The chapter quotes in full not only letters Moore sent on behalf of NC Mutual but to his family from Battle Creek. On April 29, 1923, Dr. Aaron McDuffie Moore died at home. Thousands of people attended his funeral and his death was documented in obituaries in many newspapers.
Afterword
Authors: Welch C. Eileen Watts
Published: January 2022

C. Eileen Watts Welch, President and CEO of the Durham Colored Library, Inc., writes about the creation of this book and how much a labor of love it is. Welch is a relative of Moore (Moore is her great grandfather), and she describes her father’s relationship to Moore and the documents he left behind. She documents her childhood in Hayti, her involvement in the Durham Colored Library, Inc., and her involvement with the book. She closes by remarking on Moore’s important legacy.
From My Amputations
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

Spring was a gentle wrestler holding the body of Nice in an agonizing embrace. Then he made her kiss the canvas. The sky cleared. Mason’s first lecture for IHICE would take place the last weekday of April, two weeks away, at the American College in Paris. What was this intense windstorm blowing inside? Alpes-Maritimes Agency d’Immobilieres’d located a furnished three-room apartment for him up on the old Roman Road, Route de Bellet. He could move in the first of May. … He’d bought a lemon: a Simca, new and blue and difficult. Parking was a hassle … the morning he started driving toward Paris he felt he was in a struggle buggy about to fall apart. Looseness always bothered him. By the time he reached Aix he was cursing himself for not having gotten the Renault. Then just north of the view of Mont Sainte Victoire, as he felt the geometry of Cézanne’s landscape, in a BMW speeding south, on the other side, he was sure he saw—would you believe?—Edith Levine: in the passenger seat. The guy driving looked Italian or French. Small world? Mason toyed with the idea of exiting and following her—just to ...
From Such Was the Season
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

Last week was a killer-diller! I don’t know if Juneboy brought good or bad luck. First news he was coming down here came from Esther. She called me one night from Chicago, where she lives, oh bout a week fore he was to get in. She said, “Annie, my son Adam is coming down there to speak at Spelman bout his research at Howard University Hospital.”...
From Painted Turtle: Woman with Guitar
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

Inkpen sent me to her to make her more commercial, to get her to switch to electric. I never liked the idea all the way, but I wasn’t sure it wouldn’t be good for her to rake in a little more money and to get off the grimy cantina circuit. I liked her music on the demos he played for me....
Victoria
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

It was a cold Monday morning, in November, with nothing above Chicago but a thick grayness that passed for a sky. The view from Victoria Fouche’s large living room bay window looking out onto South Parkway showed an occasional car going by north or south; but mostly what Victoria saw were the women walking by going to the bus stop, half a block north of her white stone house....
“Thanks for the Lunch, Baby.”
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

It’s hard to believe but after thirty-one years, I’m once again back in Nice, France. I taught here from 1981 till 1983. This time my stay will be brief.

Back then, my old friend James Baldwin was living a short distance away, in Saint-Paul-de-Vence.

Today, as I step out of the blazing sunshine into the cool Restaurant Tolentini (Jimmy’s favorite restaurant in all of Nice), I see that Jimmy has already arrived for our lunch. There he is again, with that famous, wide-open smile....
Struga ’75
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

I was invited to Yugoslavia because Galway Kinnell once gave my name, by mail, to Meto Jovanovski in Yugoslavia. Meto was planning to translate American poetry for a Macedonian anthology. This was in October 1973 when Galway and I were teaching at Sarah Lawrence. Meto recommended that Yugoslavia’s International Poetry Festival invite me as the official U.S. representative. I was first invited in 1974 but was unable to accept the invitation. During the spring of 1975, while I was participating in the visiting writer’s program at Columbia University, William Jay Smith, its acting director, told me about his trip to Yugoslavia for the festival in 1974. His description excited my imagination. At the same time an invitation to participate in the 1975 Yugoslavian festival arrived. Traveling expenses would cost more than a thousand dollars. The festival would handle expenses while I was there, but the problem was how to pay for transportation. Bill Smith contacted some people he knew in the State Department and thereby sparked the interest that finally caused the U.S. government to sponsor my trip. Technically this was called a “cultural grant.”...
Looking at the Dial
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

In May 1880 when, in Chicago, Francis F. Browne started publishing a magazine he called the Dial, he was aligning himself with a spiritual and intellectual tradition. Margaret Fuller and Ralph Waldo Emerson edited the first Dial, a quarterly, in Boston from 1840 to 1844. They had been interested, among other things, in providing a forum for transcendentalism, broad views of theology, and philosophical investigations. Sixteen years later, in Cincinnati, Rev. Moncure D. Conway attempted to carry on the ...
Reading William Faulkner’s Light in August
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

Sometimes William Faulkner’s fiction conjures up for me images akin to those found in, say, the paintings of Edvard Munch. Both painter and writer share a particular kind of cold and cold-blooded angst. Munch’s 1901 lithograph “Dead Lovers,” which depicts a man and a woman lying dead on a stark bed, blood running down from the mattress to the floor, might have served as a jacket illustration for ...
In Search of Rebecca
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

The hard questions usually have no simple answers. For me, writing stories is the best means of dealing with difficult questions of ethics, morality, and philosophy. In confronting perplexing questions in my fiction and poetry, I’ve achieved an odd kind of success. Often, I have no idea how to formulate the question, let alone the answer, before I struggle with it through the process of writing. The writing then becomes the avenue into the complex nature of the question itself. If I come out of the process with a clearer sense of the question, and with no answer—which is more often the case than not—I am satisfied. That’s the odd success. I stopped, for example, asking, “Is there a God?” by age twenty-one, after which everything, in Gide’s words, seemed “downhill.”...
Hair
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

In the old days

hair was magical.

If hair was cut

you had to make sure it didn’t end up

in the wrong hands.

Bad people could mix it

with, say, the spit of a frog.

Or with the urine of a rat!

And certain words...
Round Midnight
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

You know my story.

They want to make me liable

to punishment for this picture.

So my spirit is closed.

I’m a delicate engraving

outlined

with semitones, curled

at the edges,

nearly worthless,

in mysterious trouble.

I walk the beach

at Scheveningen.

Drink myself blind in The Hague....
Santa Maria dei Frari
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

You are late for your train.

You linger anyway.

You know a Titian is there.

You looked, Madonna of the Pesaro Family.

You touched St. Peter and his great book.

You behold Madonna on her throne

formally receiving a kneeling

high military official: St. George and his soldiers....
East Lansing, Michigan
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

September 10

There was no warning.

Rising from his rest

the dog bit the man’s leg,

did it quietly,

then returned to his spot

on the front lawn to rest.

A solitary taproot

grows into a green bush

on which years later

a naked girl one day hangs...
From Some Observations of a Stranger at Zuni in the Latter Part of the Century
Authors: Corthron Kia
Published: January 2022

A stranger to the desert I come here

with my jaw jammed shut

so that speech

comes out

like fish falling from a net.

Yet I speak. Having chosen Zuni

leaves no darkness roaring in my ears.

The decision is

            … a sharp fin:

We enter not by road alone. If, during the trip...
An Economy of Abundance
Authors: Woodard James P.
Published: January 2022

Between the 1950s and 1970s, Brazil experienced some of its more wrenching changes of the century. There was marked cultural and economic correspondences between the two eras. Television expanded and consolidated as a national medium; marketing as a business practice and modernizing worldview was adopted wholesale; new professionals arrived to positions of influence, affluence, and prestige; an over-the-top economic patriotism identified with the military regime was created and reached its peak; and the “malling” of Brazilian cities began. The essential features of contemporary Brazil’s culture of consumption were in place within ten years of the opening of the first shopping, as the new malls were called, but something of the hollowness of the culture was apparent. This hollowness would only become more apparent by the late 1970s.
Introduction
Authors: Wilkinson A. B.
Published: January 2022

The introductory chapter provides an overview of the book, including a discussion of hypodescent and how racial ideas or mixed-race ideologies came out of European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. European “white” supremacist ideology defined monoracial categories of “white,” “Indian,” and “Negro,” along with multiracial categories, such as “Mestizo” and “Mulatto.” The introduction also provides a short history of ethnoracial mixture in the Americas. This section begins with ideas surrounding race and interracial mixture under “New World” colonization initiated by the Spanish and Portuguese in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Latin America. It continues into French and English colonization efforts in North America and the Caribbean islands in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The introduction looks at how different European immigration patterns, gender, and religion played a role in how socially segregated colonial empires formed under Catholic and Protestant regimes. These factors influenced colonial acceptance or rejection of interracial mixture and mixed-heritage people. The introduction finishes with a chapter overview for the book and a note on racial language.
Mulatto Marriages, Partnerships, and Intimate Connections
Authors: Wilkinson A. B.
Published: January 2022

Racial identity based in gender and class hierarchy influenced how mixed-heritage people entered into intimate partnerships and the fifth chapter largely explores the many ways in which Mulatto women voluntarily chose, were coerced, or forced into marriage, partnerships, and other intimate connections. The choices of mixed-heritage women in the colonial period were limited and many used the tools they had to seek liberty or greater everyday freedoms for themselves and for their children, often times through European men. This chapter explores the Mulatto escape hatch or the idea whereby multigenerational mixture or successive generations of intermixture with Europeans allowed people of mixed ancestry to move into whiteness. Mixed-heritage women with some European ancestry knew that partnering with European men would increase the likelihood that their children would have lighter skin and therefor increase opportunities for social advancement. Mulatto men were less likely to partner with European women, and most often married and entered into relationships with other women of color. Some of these relationships are also discussed in the colony of Georgia.
Courting Political Ruin
Authors: Otero-Warren Nina
Published: January 2022

Throughout the war, suffragists in individual states closely followed the federal amendment’s progress through Congress. In the early spring of 1913, Otero-Warren travelled to the capital with friend and fellow educational leader Isabel Eckles. While in the city, the National Woman’s Party feted Otero-Warren for her suffrage work in the Southwest. When Otero-Warren returned to Santa Fe, she was recognized as an expert on the federal situation by the members of the Santa Fe Suffrage League. Otero-Warren was incredibly busy in the fall of 1918 as she balanced her leadership in suffrage activism with her educational and war work.
Everyone Who Had Labored in the Cause
Authors: Cahill Cathleen D.
Published: January 2022

Part 4 begins when the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920. People celebrated women winning the vote, but the reality was more complicated. The amendment did not guarantee all women the right to vote—it simply stated that sex could no longer be used as a reason for denying them the franchise.
Suffragists arrived in Nashville, Tennessee for what seemed destined to be the final battle for ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. Carrie Chapman Catt arrived for a statewide tour of stump speeches urging ratification. After Tennessee voted to ratify, Catt and her officers traveled triumphantly back to their headquarters in New York City. They celebrated their achievement of full citizenship, but not everyone was able to enjoy the fruits of victory. The new amendment changed the political playing field of the nation. In the fall of 1920, many women of color saw the real potential of the women’s vote to address the struggles in which they were already engaged. Their responses to the post-amendment world varied because they held distinct political priorities based on their communities’ histories.
A Terrible Blot on Civilization
Authors: Clifford Carrie Williams
Published: January 2022

Black women were disappointed that white-led women’s organizations seemed uninterested in the fact that a large group of American women were being kept from their right to vote, but they did not have time to stop fighting. For them, it was a matter of life and death. Carrie Williams Clifford and other black women following the lead of Ida B. Wells-Barnett had been fighting for years against lynching and the move violence that periodically swept over black communities. Black women like Clifford understood their campaign for the vote within this ongoing struggle against white supremacists. It would give them some power to fight back against the violence of lynching and Jim Crow.
To Help Indians Help Themselves
Authors: Bonnin Gertrude Simmons
Published: January 2022

At the very height of the struggle over the Nineteenth Amendment, leading Indigenous feminists were completing and publishing their major works of political theory. This was not a coincidence. Native women had long been engaged in the fight for political participation, citizenship rights, and women’s place in the United States. They built on their previous years of activism, drawing on the lessons they learned about honing their arguments, winning allies, and navigating the particularities of state, federal, and tribal political structures. The year 1920 fell amid what is often called the nadir of Native history, a period characterized by poverty, disease, massive land dispossession, and scant political power—all of which were a direct result of federal policies. Native feminists marshalled multiple strategies to address these problems. In some cases, they loudly and directly called upon newly enfranchised white women. In others, they looked to access U.S. citizenship and suffrage rights for the nearly one-third of adult Native people who were still considered wards of the federal government. Women also worked within their own communities and their own political traditions to protect their lands and cultures.
Leading the National Association of Colored Women
Authors: Parker Alison M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores Black clubwomen’s determination to create a national advocacy and civil rights organization. Terrell was a founding member of the National League of Colored Women (NLCW). Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin of Boston proposed a national conference, which led to the creation of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, with Margaret Murray Washington as president. The next year, 1896, the two groups met in Washington, D.C., and created one unified national organization, the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). Mary Church Terrell was elected NACW’s first president. This chapter explores how her maternalist activism and leadership of the NACW was shaped by her tragic reproductive losses, as she prioritized the building of infant day nurseries, day care facilities, and kindergartens for the children of working black women.
Ruth Hanna McCormick’s Senate Campaign
Authors: Parker Alison M.
Published: January 2022

In 1929, Ruth Hanna McCormick, the Republican Representative from Illinois, hired Mollie Terrell to help run her campaign for the U.S. Senate. A long-time feminist and proponent of woman suffrage, Terrell was thrilled to be hired on a campaign that might put a woman in the Senate. Drawing on correspondence, diaries, and stories in the Chicago Defender, this chapter focuses on this experience as a highpoint of her political career. Unfortunately, it also exposed bitter tensions among leading black Republican women, including Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who believed that the few plum campaign jobs should go to Illinois women. The McCormick campaign was also an early point of political collaboration between Terrell and Representative Oscar Stanton DePriest, two years before they entered into an affair.
Many Parts of Pocho
Authors: Rana Swati
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on racial betrayal across José Antonio Villarreal’s life and work. It analyzes the overdetermined character of Villarreal’s semiautobiographical novel, Pocho (1959), into which protagonist and author are collapsed. Readings excavate two dynamic and interrelated fields of characterization: the queer figure of El Malinche who emblematizes assimilative desire and the masculinist figure of El Macho who has a revolutionary consciousness of colonial subjection. Pocho reveals rather than reproducing the dominant heteropatriarchal order from which minority and Chicano masculinity take their bearings, exposing the discontinuous character of author and protagonist.
That Mandy Oxendine
Authors: Charles Julia S.
Published: January 2022

This preface highlights the origins of this research by discussing the theatricality of racial performance. Situating the fact of racial performance in discussions of the Jim Crow South and the lived experiences of the author’s grandmother, Charles draws an explicit connection between theatrical performance and racial performance.
That Invisibility
Authors: Charles Julia S.
Published: January 2022

Chapter five demonstrates how “that Middle World” functions for several mixed-race characters with different social and political agendas. It unearths the various strategies of entrance into the (in)visible for racially ambiguous characters, revealing the strategic and deliberate nature of passing. Analyzing specific occurrences of racial passing in two New Negro Renaissance novels, Nella Larsen’s Passing (1929) and Jessie Redmon Fauset’s Plum Bun (1928), this chapter is about appreciating their performances and determining its impact on the audience.
Coda
Authors: Doty Josh
Published: January 2022

The book’s conclusion asks whether antebellum literature’s depictions of bodily reform can help twenty-first-century readers better understand emergent somatic technologies such as gene editing, tailored pharmaceuticals, and cybernetic implants. It argues that, just as nineteenth-century physiology provides the conceptual backdrop of the varieties of bioplasticity addressed by the writers the book studies, so too does the neuroscientific revolution of the early twenty-first-century inform our understanding of how we might shape our selves in the present day. It asks how might literary scholars address the neurological self and the conceptual structures that support it: the emerging ways of thinking about the mind and body brought about by neuroscience.
Redemption
Authors: Jemison Elizabeth L.
Published: January 2022

By the mid-1870s, Black Christians had so successfully defended their Christian citizenship that white Democrats attacked black Christianity as well as black citizenship to justify their violent political takeovers of state and local governments. In the absence of federal defense of Black political rights, southern Democrats quickly gained control of the Mississippi River Valley. Black Christians denounced these changes and organized religious and political defenses of their rights through religious newspapers, denominational organizations, and Republican Party politics. White Christians claimed their political violence was a necessary means to restore order and defend their families, and they ignored the trauma they perpetrated against black families and communities.