bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IOT BASED SANITIZATION ROBOT USING RASPBERRY PI ZERO W AND UV LAMP
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering with Specialization in Automobile Engineering Delhi Technological University, Revanth Raj B , Sahani Abhishek ,   Mechanical Engineering with Specialization in Automobile Engineering Delhi Technological University, Ravi Ravi ,   Mechanical Engineering with Specialization in Automobile Engineering Delhi Technological University
Published: May 2022

As that's not simple to sanitise treatment room simply physical endeavour. It raises increasing risk of disease, allowing hazardous bacteria to propagate even deeper. Ultraviolet beams are being used by Ultraviolet sterilisation robotic to eliminate microbes. The live stream broadcast of the creature's environment is indeed possible. They may operate these robots through Internet, but also its Interface enables everyone to operate inside a waiting area while having to really be actually present. Most of this allows us both to sterilise the maternity ward to their specifications. Ultraviolet light kills bacteria, preventing them from multiplying by disrupting its fertility
CORONA VIRUS DETECTION USING PROBABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, K Yasaswini , M Sreya ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, B Shirisha ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, A Srilatha ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, CH Saicharan ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 has become a new problem to the society. It is one of the major epidemic in current days. Everyone in all countries facing this virus. In every country infection as well as the death rate is growing rapidly. Due to this disaster economic status of the world is also decreasing rapidly. To make a break in spreading of virus it is more essential to detect the infected people at an early stage. So to provide a better testing for covid-19 virus detection we are going to develop a project based on considering the previous data of Covid-19 patients. we will be using the Machine learning classification algorithms in our project. So we will be considering the attributes which are common in all the patients so that analyzing the data will be quick. We have collected the 980 patients data and we normalized to 5 attributes such as Temperature, Age, Body Pains, Runny nose and Breathing problem. So by using Random Forest(RF) and Decision Tree(DT) we can train and test the data and we can get result. Among this algorithms we observed that Decision tree gives astonishing performance.
Influence of moisture regimes and nutrient managements on Yield and Quality of Rabi maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors:   Department of Soils and Environment, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104., Senthilkumar A , Bhakiyathu saliha B ,   Department of Soils and Environment, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104., Saravana pandian P ,   Department of Soils and Environment, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104., Thamizh vendan R ,   Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104., Gurusamy A ,   Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Chettinad-630 102, Sivagangai district.
Published: May 2022

An experiment on rabi maize constituting three moisture regimes viz., Irrigation water / Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) at 0.6 ,0.8 and 1.0 ratio along with ten nutrient management practices viz., application of 100 % RDF only, 125 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 2 % NPK (19:19:19)+ 1 % Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) + Micronutrient mixture 1 %, 100 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 2 % NPK (19:19:19)+ 1 % Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) + Micronutrient mixture 1 % and 75 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 2 % NPK (19:19:19) + 1 % Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) + Micronutrient mixture 1 % was conducted at Research Farm, Agricultural College, and Research Institute, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu during winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021- 22. The results showed that irrigation scheduled at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio recorded significantly higher grain yield of maize over the scheduling of irrigation at 0.8 with 0.6. Moreover, the application of 100 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 1 % Micronutrient mixture was at par with the application of 75 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 1 % Micronutrient mixture and both of them recorded significantly higher grain yield than other nutrient management practices. As regards quality parameters viz., chlorophyll content, proline content at roasting or milk stage was numerically higher with scheduling of irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio but did not reach the level of significance during both the year of the experiment. The quality parameters like chlorophyll content, proline content and yield in maize grain at roasting or milk stage were significantly increased with increasing nutrient management practices. The highest values of chlorophyll content, proline content and yield were recorded with the application of 100 % STCR-NPK + foliar sprays 1 % Micronutrient mixture.
Pelatihan Batik Kreatif Teknik Transfer Warna Sebagai Elemen Penunjang Interior Bagi Siswa SMA Pada Mata Kuliah Keterampilan
Authors: Rianingrum Cama Juli , Pandanwangi Ariesa , Wilastrina Atridia , Novianti Erlina , Utomo Drajatno Widi , Dewi Belinda Sukapura , Indralaksmi Indralaksmi
Published: May 2022

Batik kreatif pada masa sekarang semakin berkembang secara proses dan variasinya baik secara tehnik, pengolahan material, motif, dan hasilnya. Salah satu yang sedang dikembangkan adalah batik dengan tehnik transfer warna. Keunggulan dalam proses membatik transfer warna adalah tidak memakai bahan kimia, memiliki proses yang lebih sederhana dan cepat, serta ramah lingkungan. Maka hal tersebut perlu disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat melalui Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (PkM). Kegiatan PkM ini bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang proses membatik kreatif dengan sistim transfer warna. SMK Kebangsaan Tanggerang Selatan adalah sekolah yang memfokuskan pada pengembangan batik. Inovasi baru yang ditawarkan pada pelatihan PkM diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik dalam pengembangan materi teknik membatik dan dapat memperkaya khasanah teknik pembatikan di Indonesia. Karena masih masa pandemic, maka pelatihan pada tahap awal ini masih secara online dengan metode angket dan metode praktik dengan pendekatan cooperative learning. Diharapkan setelah masa pandemi selesai dapat dilanjutkan dengan metode eksperimen dan metode participatory action research. Hasil PkM diharapkan menambah wawasan para siswa mengenai perkembangan proses membatik sebagai warisan budaya tradisi.
Hubungan Lokasi Pemasangan Dengan Kejadian Flebitis Pada Pasien Yang Terpasang Infus Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum X Manado
Authors: Langingi Ake Royke Calvin , Watung Grace Irene Viodyta , Sibua Siska , Tumiwa Finni Fitria
Published: May 2022

Sesuai dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal tahun 2008, bahwa standar tentang kejadian flebitis yaitu ≤ 1,5%. Flebitis merupakan peradangan pada dinding pembuluh darah balik atau vena karena infeksi oleh komplikasi pemberian terapi intravena yang ditandai oleh bengkak, kemerahan sepanjang vena, nyeri, peningkatan suhu daerah insersi kanula dan penurunan kecepatan tetesan infus, yang muncul sekurang-kurangnya 3x24 jam. Hal ini tidak boleh terjadi karena akan menambah masalah baru bagi pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan hubungan lokasi pemasangan dengan kejadian flebitis pada pasien yang terpasang infus di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU X Manado. Penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat analitik observasional ini dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan cross sectional study yang dilakukan pada pasien yang terpasang infus dan berlangsung selama 3 bulan (Desember 2018 sampai April 2019). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa lokasi pemasangan yang digunakan sebagian besar (51,2%) pada lokasi sefalika; Selanjutnya hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis cairan dengan kejadian flebitis pada pasien yang terpasang infus di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU X Manado. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa jenis cairan berhubungan dengan kejadian flebitis pada pasien yang terpasang infus di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU X Manado. Sebagai saran, Perawat ruangan harus lebih meningkatkan pengetahuannya lewat pelatihan-pelatihan mengenai pengendalian dan pencegahan infeksi, pelatihan pencegahan infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit, serta lebih banyak belajar tentang teknik-teknik pemasangan dan mengenali tanda-tanda terjadinya flebitis.Perawat ruangan harus menguasai lokasi-lokasi yang baik untuk pemasangan infus. Bagi pihak rumah sakit untuk menunjang pelayanan kesehatan dengan penyediaan alat dan saran keperluan pemasangan infus dan tindakan invasif lainnya.
Unique Derivative Affixes In Simalungun Language (Morphosyntax Study)
Authors: Akmal Akmal , Loebis Iin Almeina , Latiffani Chitra
Published: May 2022

Unique derivative affixes were focused on the morphosyntax process. This study was an interdisciplinary subject in linguistics. The affixations had a function as a form of word class or meaning. The affixations in Indonesian consconsist3 types, namely prefixes, suffixes, and confixes. This study explained the processes of the unique derivative affixes in the Batak Simalungun Language. The research method used the meant that this discussed the processes of morphology and then it was made in the sentences so that the morphological process was early and more completely in the linguistics. This study used the descriptive qualitative method by using the library (documents in the corpus) to interview a few native speakers who live in Batak Simalungun areas to get the data morals. Batak Simalungun Language affixes were prefixes, confixes, and suffixes. There were three prefixes : pa- , si-, ma- (mar), three confixes: par- (pa-)….-on, ha- ... -on/an, masi- . .. –an, and the last is only one suffix; -on. The derivative affixes in Batak Simalungun which the native speaker always expressed in the daily conversation, were so nwereral processes so t the other speakers did not realize that the word had got the affixations. There are two unique derivative affixiations on the suffix –on which had the passive meaning which had the prefix and the repetition prefix which the two first letters are repeated such as sapuh be sasapu. The position of affixation was a suffix, but the meaning was a prefix in passive voice meaning.
Unilateral versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Instrumented Transforaminal Interbody Fusion in a Single Level Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Eldin Mohamed Mohi , Hassan Ahmed Salah Aldin , Thabet Mohamed Alaa Eldin , Refaat Mohamed I. , Elkady Ali Y. , Baraka Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Background
The study aims to assess the efficiency, safety and outcome of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF (Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) vs bilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF in cases of single level spondylolisthesis by comparing clinical, functional outcome and the complication rates.
Methods
We prospectively collected demographics and clinical data of the patients with surgically treated single level lumbar spondylolisthesis grade 1 (n=60) with follow up and comparison between clinical/functional outcomes and complication rates between January 2020 and January 2021 at Cairo University hospitals. We allocated the patients with the unilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF as group A and the patients with the bilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF as group B.
Results
Clinical outcome showed statistical significance between Group A and Group B (P-value < 0.001); Functional outcome (using Oswestry’s disability index) between group A and B also showed statistical significance (P-value < 0.001) in favor of group B. Complications in group A was higher especially cage migration in 26.7% of cases with p-value of 0.026 while it was only present in 3.3% of the group B cases.
Conclusion
We concluded that the bilateral approach showed a statistically significant better clinically/functional outcomes with lower rates of complication in comparison with the unilateral approach.
Le confinement : un appel à la créativité
Authors: Marion Anne
Published: May 2022

Le Service d’Activité de Jour (SAJ) Antre Temps est un des services de l’association Accompagner Le Handicap Psychique en Isère (ALHPI), il est situé en banlieue grenobloise. Ce service médico-social avec une file active de plus de 80 personnes accueille chaque jour des adultes en situation de handicap psychique pour participer à diverses activités. Ouvert du lundi au vendredi en journée, le SAJ a pour mission de favoriser le lien social, de permettre la mobilisation et la valorisation de soi autour d’activités. Sans être un lieu de soin, l’équipe de travailleurs sociaux accompagne chaque personne vers un mieux-être psychique. Pour se faire, les professionnels développent au quotidien leur créativité pour rendre le lieu accueillant et attractif. L’article ci-joint met en lumière l’adaptabilité d’une équipe face à une situation inédite pour maintenir et renforcer le lien avec des personnes fragiles.
Engaging Learners in Productive Struggle: Escape Rooms as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Carroll Jennifer Anne , Morse Kate J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Designing and engaging learners in active learning are critical skills for nursing faculty with the resulting educational pay-off of increased engagement and learning. Moving away from the standard PowerPoint presentations can be uncomfortable for faculty and result in not taking risks when designing new learning experiences. However, creating psychological safety for both the faculty and learners can result in deeper learning and growth for the faculty's skill set.

Method:

This article describes a pilot implementation of an escape room to facilitate an exam review for an undergraduate pathophysiology course.

Results:

This pilot allowed the program to determine the feasibility of integrating escape rooms into undergraduate nursing curriculum while including evidence-based pillars of active and experiential learning such as the creation and maintenance of psychological safety for students and faculty.

Conclusion:

Lessons learned about in-person and virtual escape rooms are included as well as next steps.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(9):545–548.]
Parameter estimation for partially observed stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Wei Chao
Published: May 2022

This paper is concerned with parameter estimation for partially observed stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion. Firstly, the state estimation equation is given and the parameter estimator is derived. Then, the strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator are derived by applying the strong law of large numbers for continuous martingales and the central limit theorem for stochastic integrals with respect to Gaussian martingales. Finally, an example is provided to verify the results.
Building Bio-Shelters Using Industry 4.0 Data-Driven Hybrid Fabrication Technologies
Authors: Dunn Kate , Haeusler Matthias Hank , Yu Kuai Daniel , Zavoleas Yannis , Undery Gabriel , Firth Charlotte Sarah
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes the innovative design and fabrication of a complex reef system for Sydney Harbour, Australia. The Bio-Shelters project is an ongoing collaborative investigation into the application of computational design and Industry 4.0 hybrid technologies to create site-specific artificial reefs. The location of the artificial reefs is Blackwattle Bay in Sydney Harbour. The Bay has been used for heavy industry for over 100 years, resulting in polluted water and severely damaged natural marine ecosystems. The chapter discusses the design approach to the Bio-Shelters, the marine species targeted, the iterative computational design, and sustainable material investigations that took place during the development. The authors then detail the hybrid fabrication processes using laser-cut steel waffle structures and shotcrete surface treatments. The chapter concludes with the current status of the ongoing project and defines the next steps using robotic fabrication.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Part of the Strategies for Business Sustainability Based on the Innovative Activity Development
Authors: Ubrežiová Iveta , Sokil Oksana , Janošková Mária
Published: May 2022

This chapter identifies the most effective measures of corporate social responsibility pillars that prompt the CSR implementation as an innovative tool for modern business. Differences between the respondents' education level and the level of their awareness with the concept of CSR are researched. Primary data were collected by conducting the survey in 2019; statistical analysis of data was performed using software SAS: analytics, business intelligence, and data management. The results showed that research and development in the field of environmental protection, development of qualification, skills of employees and conducting a systematic stakeholders' survey about the company's activities are the most effective measures to improve innovation through CSR. The research found that the level of education affects the level of knowledge about CSR, and the job title of the respondents has no effect on the level of CSR concept awareness. The study also provides significant recommendations for improving the level of CSR implementation that can be used by all kinds of business.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Digital Marketing
Authors: Chauhan Usha , Garg Ruchi , Chhikara Ritu
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to make a combination of two concepts CSR and digital marketing and to find out the various challenges faced by practitioners for effective CSR communication. A total of 15 in-depth interviews were conducted in a leading automobile company. The interview transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. This chapter proposes different themes derived from the perceptions of the respondents and corporate reputation, public awareness, CSR efforts, profitability, CSR commitment, public image were found as the challenges faced by the practitioners. This chapter will provide insights to the practitioners on how to make effective CSR communication for further corporate reputation enhancement. It could also provide a platform for further debate between automobile controllers and significant stakeholders on how to tactically converse their CSR in the automobile concerns and enhance stakeholder commitment.
Why Should the Business Community and Organizations Leverage Social Media to Demonstrate Their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Commitment?
Authors: Sheikh Salim
Published: May 2022

Social media is a great asset for developing a sustainable brand strategy that goes hand-in-hand with CSR. The role of social media cannot be ignored; we live in a customer-centric and highly connected world where consumers vote with their wallets, supporting companies that demonstrate concern for employee welfare, community development, environmental sustainability, and human rights. As the adage goes, “There's power in numbers,” and social media provides companies—who actively engage—with an influential, built-in network of passionate consumers that become followers of a brand when interested in what it's doing. By way of example, real-life case studies are presented that demonstrate the role social media platforms may play to showcase the strides that a company has made for a cause, whether this means funds donated, awareness raised, consumers reached, beneficiaries helped, communities improved, etc.
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Online News Letters of ExxonMobil and SPDC in Nigeria
Authors: Dikeocha Chijioke
Published: May 2022

This study seeks to find out whether energy corporations that operate in Nigeria provide adequate information about their corporate social responsibility, and whether these programmes are available on their managed online media platforms. For this reason, the study investigates how two energy corporations have engaged the online newsletter platform to share information concerning their CSR performance. The research employs a content analysis method. The population of the study comprises all online newsletters published by these corporations from January 2013 to August 2014. There are recognized similarities and difference in their use of online newsletters to share information concerning their corporate social responsibility to their various stakeholders. The study recommended that: ExxonMobil (Nigeria) and SPDC (Nigeria) should make effort to be consistent in their online newsletter publication. SPDC (Nigeria) should de-emphasise the frightening account of oil theft and spillage and focus more on human capacity development of persons within their host communities.
Sustainable Balance Scorecard as a CSR Roadmap for SMEs
Authors: Gutiérrez-Diez María del Carmen , Beltran José Luis Bordas , Arras-Vota Ana María de Gpe.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to review and establish a theoretical framework that creates a systematized method to help SMEs willing to adopt a sustainability strategy. There is an increasing interest in SMEs to incorporate CSR and CS as a strategy, but they need a tool that would lower the entry barrier for SMEs struggling to adopt said objectives, such as the sustainable balance scorecard (SBSC). The chapter aims to provide a support tool and guide for SMEs interested in developing a CSR and sustainable strategy. To develop it, a literature review was performed, and the approach proposed by Hansen and Schaltegger was deemed to be feasible for adoption and implementation. As a result, an SBSC hierarchy is proposed for SMEs. Further evidence is necessary to validate the current proposal.
Corporate Social Responsibility Application in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Tomaselli Gianpaolo , Garg Lalit , Gupta Vipul , Xuereb Peter A. , Buttigieg Sandra C.
Published: May 2022

This article reviews the literature to understand the current state of corporate social responsibility (CSR) application and communication in the healthcare sector. First, the authors provide a bibliometric analysis that quantifies the number of scientific publications regarding CSR in healthcare of the last ten years (2007-2016). Then, they present the theoretical framework. Starting from a brief summary of CSR literature, the authors explain peculiarities of the healthcare sector and contextualize the CSR debate in the healthcare context, identifying its current application and gaps. The authors review not only the application of CSR in healthcare but also analyze the topic of CSR communication, as well as the tools adopted by healthcare organizations to communicate their CSR activities in this sector.
Corporate Social Responsibility Definitions and Practice in Emerging Economies
Authors: Lebura Sorbarikor , Okoroba Igazeuma Adikema
Published: May 2022

This chapter looks at the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), specifically in terms of the diverse definitions and perspectives of it that currently exist within emerging economies. This is explored from its foundation and the interaction between business and society across different emerging economies. This discourse is linked to the interplay between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility across emerging economies. This is hinged on the influences of both the academia and industry, as the definitions of the former does contribute to the practical application of the concept by practitioners and vice versa. The chapter is divided into three sections, which are definitions, perspectives, and case studies, with each of these focusing on the issues as they affect the theme of the chapter.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in the State of Qatar
Authors: Awwad Abdulkareem , Suliman Abubakr
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims to examines the situation, facts, and challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP) in the State of Qatar. Some theories related to both constructs are presented and discussed. In addition, the chapter analyzes the role of different formal and informal CSR organizations' initiatives in raising the awareness about the importance of managing the social side of the business. Highlighting some active efforts to improve CSR in the country, the study concludes that the idea of managing the social side of business is still in its formation stage. Some more initiatives are needed to bring it up to the level that serve the realization of the national vision of the country 2030. The chapter concludes with some discussion on how managers perceive CSR and whether it aligns well with business objectives or no. Some guidelines to future studies and research in the field of CSR and CSP are also presented in the study.
CSR in the Spotlight
Authors: Claver-Cortés Enrique , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Poveda-Pareja Esther
Published: May 2022

This study has as its aim to analyze the existence of a possible theoretical relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) development and two factors, namely business location and managers' gender. The industrial district (ID) theory serves as the basis to demonstrate the possible influence of location on this type of environment with an improved implementation of social practices. At the same time, the authors will also consider the possible influence of internationalization within the cluster on CSR development since globalization itself can further favor the implementation of CSR practices. The study additionally examines the role that the variable ‘directors' gender', and more precisely, women directors, can play as a key factor in the development of such practices. The implications that the concurrence of these factors might have, along with the future lines of research that would derive therefrom, will finally be considered.
Do CEO Political Connections and Firm Social Responsibility Affect Debt Level?
Authors: Azouzi Mohamed Ali
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to describe the effect of CEO political connection and firm social responsibility on debt access. These constructions have been evaluated in Tunisian firms. The results showed the presence of a positive relationship between political connection, corporate social responsibility, and the debt level. The authors also verified the presence of a negative relationship between political connection and the social responsibility of Tunisian companies. This research has shown how political connection and social responsibility improve the image of the company and facilitate their access to external funding methods. Tunisian companies are advised to know the importance of political connection and social responsibility in the selection of their leaders.
The Impact of Adopting CSR on the Firm's Overall Performance
Authors: Ibenrissoul Abdelmajid , Bouraqqadi Khawla , Kammoun Souhaila
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the chapter is to study what effect CSR has on firms' overall performance in a developing country context. While most of the previous empirical researches focused on the relationship between CSR and financial performance, the present study suggests exploring the impact of CSR on overall performance which encompasses economic, environmental, and social dimensions as well as stakeholders. The empirical study aims to analyze and measure the social and environmental involvement of large Moroccan firms operating in the main sectors of activity and located in different geographical areas. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the authors empirically test the impact of CSR on overall performance on a sample of 44 companies. The main findings reveal that CSR is a driver for improving image and reputation, enabling the firm to achieve overall corporate performance. On the basis of the main results, they set out some managerial implications and further directions for CSR research in developing countries.
The Importance of Consumer Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility to Meet the Need for Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Pegan Giovanna , Schoier Gabriella , de Luca Patrizia
Published: May 2022

Industries have to rethink their value creation processes in a sustainable perspective. In order to satisfy their stakeholders and pursue the well-being of society in the long term, manufacturers must operate under corporate social responsibility (CSR). Embodying the identity of multiple stakeholders, consumers are the key to ensuring the success of sustainability efforts. This chapter analyses the relevance of CSR from the perspective of consumer perception, which has been neglected thus far in literature. The chapter also embraces the idea that CSR and sustainable consumption are two sides of the same coin that need to be integrated in order to create sustainable industrial value. After the theoretical background, this work presents and discusses the results of an empirical research focused on an emblematic industry and brand. The findings support the idea that although a company is trying to seize Industry 4.0. opportunities for sustainability, its efforts can be partly hampered by consumers' lack of perception or their misperception.
CSR Practices and Theory of Planned Behavior in an Organizational Context
Authors: Guan Helen , Wang Carolyn
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of planned behavior to examine how managers' attitudes toward CSR, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control influence CSR practice in an organization. Previous CSR studies have paid less attention to how managers' perceived behaviors influence CSR practices in an organization. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from different organizations in the UK and USA. The results show managers' attitudes toward CSR, social pressures from stakeholders as subjective norms, and how managers' perceived behaviors affect CSR practices, in terms of how managers play important leadership roles in the relationship between their behaviors and CSR practices in an organization. This chapter makes a significant contribution to our understanding of why CSR is a kind of window dressing in an organization. It includes eight sections: introduction, the notion of CSR and CSR practices, theory of planned behavior and CSR practices, research method, discussion, conclusion, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations.
Personality Factors Predicting Cyberbullying and Online Harassment
Authors: Ildirim Ezgi
Published: May 2022

Today more than half of the world population use the internet and online communication tools. These changes in communication has come with a pay-off, which is cyber aggression. Bullying behavior in physical space has changed its medium. Personality is one of the factors that play a role in traditional bullying and it is related to cyberbullying. Different personality theories examine personality and online harassment behavior relations from different perspectives. Biological theories focus on brain anomalies and hormone-behavior interaction. Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes how cyberspace effect personality. Trait view of personality theories found that different traits which are psychopathy, narcissism, machiavellianism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, consciousness, neuroticism are related to cyberbullying perpetration. In this study, how personality traits related to online bullying behavior is examined. Researchers clearly showed that personality is a crucial factor in cyberbullying behavior. As cyberbullying behavior is complex, there is a need for further studies.
Intimate Partner Cyber Abuse Viewed Through the Lens of Criminology
Authors: Todd Curtis L. , Byrd Joshua E. , Baldwin Leroy
Published: May 2022

Intimate partner cyber abuse is characterized by online behaviors that threaten, intimidate, harass, humiliate, or harm a person involved in a close personal relationship with another person in which they are described as being a couple due to their relationship meeting certain conditions such as emotional connection, regular contact, and ongoing physical contact that need not be sexual. This type of abuse provides criminal justice systems with numerous opportunities and challenges due to its implications for policing, prosecution, and the overall provisions of remedies accorded by judicial systems. This article contextualizes key concepts, examines gateways and protective strategies associated with cyber abuse, and argues that the issues related to intimate partner cyber abuse should be refocused through a criminological lens. Recommendations and future research considerations are also explored.
The Relationships Between Cyberbullying, Sexting, and College Student Well-Being
Authors: Burke Gabrielle , Norvilitis Jill M.
Published: May 2022

To date, much of the research that has examined online bullying has viewed it as a direct correlate of face-to-face bullying. However, bullying may take different forms online, as when individuals share sexually explicit texts or pictures that were sent privately or press others into doing the same. Thus, this study explored how cyberbullying through sexting is related to college student well-being as measured by self-esteem, depression, and academic and social adjustment to college. Among 284 college students, sexting was unrelated to college adjustment or well-being, but was moderately correlated with cyberbullying. Overall, students did not report being affected by involuntary sexting in the same way as traditional cyberbullying.
Teachers as Models of Internet Use
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Trúc T.
Published: May 2022

As the use of computers increases in schools, students' primary role models in computer use and the internet are their teachers. However, teachers themselves are still learning their way through technology in education and how to best use technology to support student learning. This chapter discusses seven issue areas in relation to cyber ethics and decision making online that go beyond the pedagogy of technology in learning contexts. In particular, the chapter is focused on how teachers can model and conduct best practices in digital copyright, student privacy, student access, digital citizenship, digital communication, social media and empathy, and digital literacy.
Fifty Shades of Pretty and Thin
Authors: Carta Andrea , Carraro Elena , Martini Simona Adelaide , Perasso Giulia
Published: May 2022

Today, gender representation in media and advertising could be responsible for creating and maintaining female stereotypes that have a negative impact on women's psychological and social well-being. From a psychological point of view, women have to face several issues including the objectification of their body, which could have negative effects on their mental, emotional, and physical health; furthermore, the portrayal of the female body as a sexual object could be associated with aggressive inclinations and behaviours against women, but also with cyber-bullying victimization in terms of body-shaming and revenge porn. Finally, it is relevant to consider how the use of gender stereotypes in advertising and media could lead to a distorted perception of gender roles, mostly based on outdated socio-cultural expectations of how men and women should behave and present themselves, that could be passed on to the next generations.
Workplace Cyberbullying and Its Impact on Productivity
Authors: C. Karthikeyan
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the author presents a very sensitive socio-psychological issue of workplace cyberbullying and the ways the employers try to discipline cyberbullying. The technology and digital media access have brought in speed, accuracy, and accessibility to everyone and anyone across the world in a work setting simultaneously brought in the dangerous culture of cyberbullying, which negatively impacts productivity. The author takes up some of the critical issues like browbeating, berating, stealing, excluding, dissing, doxing, snide, threatening, victim, bully, stress, stalking, flaming, outing, and trickery to clarify as to how the workplace cyberbullying issues happen inside the workplace.
Reinventing Human Trafficking Through Baby Factories and Child Commodification in Nigeria
Authors: Inyang Inimfon Okokon
Published: May 2022

Baby factories and the commodification of children have attracted severe criticisms in contemporary human trafficking scholarship. Scholars working in the field of human trafficking in Nigeria and sub-Sahara Africa have challenged the child commodification component of human trafficking, with emphasis on human rights violations, human values degradation, and deprivation of dignity of persons as fundamental principles that should guide human trafficking discourses and practices. The chapter investigates the emergence and growth of this illicit industry in Nigeria, relying robustly on content analysis and descriptive methodologies. It examines the responsibility of cultural beliefs, social attitudes, norms, and the harsh economy as dynamics playing critical parts in the unvarying growth of baby factories in Nigeria. Findings reveal that several socio-economic and cultural factors such as poverty, pregnancy outside wedlock, adopted children, denunciation of infertility, and the disfigurement associated with childlessness create a leeway for the furtherance of this transgression.
Victims of Cybertrafficking of Humans
Authors: Eliasson Michelle N.
Published: May 2022

Cyber technologies have presented human traffickers with several new tools to exploit the victims of human trafficking on a national and international level. However, victims of cybertrafficking of humans are often a population that scholarship fails to explore in-depth. This chapter will first describe what cybertrafficking of humans is and why it is essential to study. Secondly, the chapter will discuss cybertrafficking of humans with a specific focus on the vulnerability of the victims and, thirdly, describe and discuss the barriers of getting accurate statistics, stigmatization of victim, and the lack of victim visibility. The aims of the chapter to identify barriers victims face and critically discuss the two existing bodies of literature on human trafficking and cyber victimization can contribute to future research of victims of cybertrafficking of humans.
Grassroots Approach of Embracing Survivors to Inform the Fight Against Human Trafficking
Authors: Bentch Christina S. , Crews Gordon A.
Published: May 2022

When human trafficking survivors work as “informants and advocates,” they keep systems trying to end this horrific crime honest and open to receiving new input. Grassroots approaches can inform many of the systems survivors pass through to improve or add to policies and procedures. Survivors can reveal new dynamics of transnational criminal networks and the development of new indicators and typologies in several systems. The systems discussed in this chapter will highlight the benefits and barriers to approaching an anti-trafficking agenda through a systems theory lens. The authors suggest ways to amend the limitations of these current systems by utilizing existing grassroots methodologies more widely, such as the national referral mechanism (NRM) for human trafficking survivors and other qualitative tools in fieldwork settings.
Placental Thickness Measurement by Ultrasonography and Its Correlation with Gestational Age of Fetus in the Manipuri Population
Authors: Banik Suranjana , Rajkumari Ajita , Devi Aribam Jaishree , Sarkar Ruma , Ayekpam Meenakumari
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The study was done to measure the placental thickness (PT) in pregnant women and find its correlation with the gestational age (GA) of the fetus by ultrasonography. Comparisons were also made with the other fetal biometry parameters, and baseline data were generated with respect to the gestational weeks and placental position.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional one with a sample size of 134 singleton pregnancies. About 11–40 weeks of gestation were studied for the measurement of PT and other fetal parameters. Informed consent was obtained before recording the data on the preformed questionnaire. All measurements were done in mm and during the relaxed phase of the uterus.

Results:

As per the study, PT (in mm) increases with an increase in GA (in weeks) and almost matches it from 12 to 34 weeks of gestation. PT had a strong correlation with GA (r = 0.966). The correlation was statistically significant, with a P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Thus, the estimation of the thickness of the placenta at the cord insertion site by means of ultrasonography is a relatively simple, safe, and cheap modality for accurate estimation of GA, fetal growth, and placental abnormalities and thus can significantly affect the management and outcome of pregnancy.
Psychotic symptoms and its association with substance use disorders among adult prisoners in correctional institution: a facility based cross-sectional study in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alenko Arefayne , Kerebih Habtamu
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among prisoners is increasing rapidly throughout the world. It imposes considerable personal and public health burden. In recent years psychotic symptoms among prisoners has been widely emphasized and the current study aimed to assess psychotic symptoms and its association with substance use disorders among adult prisoners in correctional institution in Southwest Ethiopia.

Method: Facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Jimma Correctional Institution among 336 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method in June 2017. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify independent associated factors.

Results: The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among prisoners was found to be 43%. Poor social support (AOR: 4.12, 95%CI: 1.39-12.66), alcohol use disorder (AOR: 4.03, 95%CI: 1.58-10.27), stressful life events (AOR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-4.21), and common mental disorders (AOR: 5.53, 95%CI: 2.56-11.91) were independently associated with single psychotic symptom.

Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms were significantly associated with poor social support, alcohol use disorder, stressful life events and common mental disorders. It is essential to have screening mechanism and management practice for psychotic symptoms.

Keywords: Psychotic symptoms; substance use; prisoners; Ethiopia.
Turnaround time and barriers to treatment of newly diagnosed cancer in Uganda: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Authors: Kibudde Solomon , Namisango Eve , Nakaganda Annet , Atieno Mackuline , Bbaale Joy , Nabwana Martin , Kiyange Fatia , O’brien Meg , BK Luyirika Emmanuel , Orem Jackson
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Cancer represents a growing public health concern. Late-stage at diagnosis, limited access to effective treatment, and loss to follow-up are responsible for dismal outcomes.

Objective: To describe care pathways, turnaround times, and identify barriers to timely initiation of cancer treatment

Methods: Using a sequential mixed-methods design involving focus group discussions, we followed up 50 participants between January, and June 2018. We computed the median observed turnaround time to treatment (TTT) at each care step and reported delay as deviations from the proposed ideal turnaround times.

Results: The ideal TTT with either chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or surgery was 8, 14, and 21 days respectively. At a median follow-up time of 35.5 days (IQR 17-66), only 29 of the 50 study participants had completed all steps between registration and initiation of treatment, and the observed median TTT was 16 days (9 – 22 days) for chemotherapy, and 30 days (17 – 49 days) for radiotherapy, reflecting a significant delay (p-value = 0.017). Reported barriers were; shortage ofspecialists, patients required visits to outside facilities for staging investigations, prohibitive costs, poor navigation system and time wastage.

Conclusions: When compared to the recommended ideal turnaround time, there was significant institutional delay in access to chemotherapy and radiotherapy attributed to multiple external and internal healthcare system barriers.

Keywords: Turnaround time; steps; barriers; waiting time; cancer; Uganda.
Resistance of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to Pirimiphos-methyl Insecticide in Kakamega County, Highlands of Western Kenya
Authors: Kitungulu Nicholas , Guyah Bernard , Webale Mark , Shaviya Nathan , Machani Maxwell , Mulama David , Ndenga Bryson
Published: May 2022

Background: Insecticide treated bed nets and Indoor residual spraying remains the principal interventional malaria control strategies. To achieve malaria disease eradication, vector control programmes that monitor insecticide resistance profiles are necessary.

Objective: The study evaluated pirimiphos-methyl susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Kakamega County, western Kenya.

Methods: Adult Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes were assayed using World Health Organization tube bioassay against 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl. Susceptible and non-susceptible populations were characterized to species-level using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Susceptible and resistant mosquitoes were further subjected to G119S Acetylcholisterase (ace 1R) mutation detection.

Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the predominant species in all study population Mumias east (62%), Malava (68%), Ikolomani (77%) and Lurambi (82%). Results showed phenotypic susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl. Mortality was low in Mumias east (80.6%) and high in Lurambi (89.0%). G119S mutations ranged from 3.0% to 8.9% in Anopheles arabiensis whereas G119S mutations were relatively low ranging from 0.0% to 3.1% in Anopheles gambiae s.s populations. Study populations tested were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05).

Conclusion: We observed pirimiphos-methyl resistance in Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae s.s. study populations. Results showed G119S mutation in resistance population. Resistance monitoring and management are urgently required.

Keywords: Anopheles gambiae s.l; G119S mutation; Pirimiphos-methyl; Resistance.
Conceptualization and practices in digital health: voices from Africa
Authors: Van Stam Gertjan
Published: May 2022

This paper presents voices from Africa on digital health in Africa. These voices were gleaned during interviews and an online, focus group session in May 2020, during which 30 experts across Africa, among others from the South, were asked about their experiences and observations on the conceptualisation of, and practices in, digital health in their respective communities and countries. Extensive input was provided, both orally and textually. The quotes gathered and presented in this paper indicate that there is a distinct need for the respectful co-development of digital health interventions in Africa. In addition, the quotes show how a one-size-fits-all solution approach does not exist, it is not a solution to Africa. Further, the community-focus, fit, and fragmentation of existing activities digital health interventions is questioned. The narratives provide a rich resource indicating capable and local agency and the need to address power-differences in international health development.

Keywords: Digital health; Africa; ethnography.