bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Activities of the Prosecutor’s Office for Preventing Crimes of Extremism Among Minors
Authors: Fantrov Pavel , Bobovkin Mikhail , Medentsov Stanislav
Published: August 2021

Introduction: the problem of preventing extremism among minors, which has not lost its current relevance, deserves special attention. It is quite specific; it concerns the prospects of the future generation. Among other tasks that the Prosecutor’s Office faces, the prevention of juvenile delinquency, including of extremist orientation, is particularly important. Not only the state and trends of crime of extremism in the future, but also the moral climate in Russian society, largely depend on how this task is solved with the help of the prosecutor’s supervision. The purpose of the study: to identify and characterize the priority areas for improving the activities of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation in the context of preventing crimes of extremism among minors. The objectives of the study: to identify and describe the problems of the prosecutor’s supervision for the prevention of crimes of extremism among minors; to assess the coordination activities of the law enforcement agencies to combat youth extremism; to develop recommendations for improving the prosecutor’s supervision in the field of preventing crimes of extremism among minors. The methodological framework for the study is represented by a system of methods of scientific knowledge, which should include: the general scientific, systemic, institutional and comparative legal ones. Results: the main problems in the activities of the prosecutor’s office for the prevention of extremist juvenile delinquency are identified, which the authors of the paper refer to: formalism; the lack of an individual approach to preventive work; the problems of interdepartmental interaction. The authors point out the need to improve the legal regulation of the prosecutor’s status as a coordinator and one of the key subjects of the prevention of offenses of extremism. Conclusions: to increase the efficiency of the prosecutor’s supervision in the field of preventing crimes of extremism among minors, it is advisable: to introduce the innovative methods and technologies for influencing juvenile offenders involved in extremist activities (for example, mediation); to improve the mechanism of interaction of all subjects of the system of prevention of juvenile crimes; not formal, but thorough the supervision of the activities of the supervised subjects of prevention and others; to create the specialized units in the structure of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor’s offices of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which could combine all areas of the prosecutor’s supervision over compliance with the legislation on juvenile affairs, including countering extremist activities of minors; to improve the level of professional training and qualification of young employees of the prosecutor’s office, determining the efficiency of the prosecutor’s office, based on the indicators of the real restoration of the rights and freedoms of citizens.
Some Features of Professional Development of Law Enforcement Investigators
Authors: Vasyukov Vitaly , Shemetov Alexey
Published: August 2021

Introduction: in the scientific and methodological literature, a significant number of publications deal with the professional training of various specialists. Most of the works of this kind pay attention to the continuous improvement of the skills of teaching staff. However, there is an acute shortage of the works that reveal the problems of training and growth of specialists in other areas, including the formation and improvement of the official qualities of law enforcement officers. To date, the specialized higher education institutions have been established and are functioning in all the law enforcement agencies, and the professional development programs are successfully operating. However, the experience of organizing activities for the formation and development of the professional qualities of the investigative workers should be generalized, systematized and serve as a basis for further improvement of activities in this direction. Purpose: to generalize and systematize the experience of organizing the professional development of the investigative law enforcement officers, to highlight the features of this process. Methods: during the research, various methods of scientific knowledge were used, including a systematic approach to the study subject, as well as the method of modeling and comparative legal analysis. Results: the paper attempts to identify the features of the process of formation of the personality of a young investigator, the formation and development of the professional qualities of a specialist at various stages, as well as the directions for improving his knowledge, skills and abilities using the specific methods and training tools. Conclusions: summing up the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the system of professional development of the investigative law enforcement officers in its organization should take into account the peculiarities of the formation and development of the professional qualities of specialists in this field, as well as the specifics of the training process, be carried out on an ongoing basis, use the modern tools and methods, as well as the educational technologies.
On the Transformation of the Administrative and Legal Status of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation: Political and Legal Aspect
Authors: Sultanova Anna
Published: August 2021

Introduction: after the adoption of Federal Constitutional Law of 14.03.2020 No.1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public power” and its approval in the course of the all-Russian vote with the subsequent amendments to the Constitution of Russia, it was necessary to revise a number of normative legal acts concerning the regulation of issues of the organization of public power. In particular, the amendments to the Constitution changed the procedure for the formation and functioning of the Government of the Russian Federation and changed the administrative and legal status of not only the Government, but also its Chairman, as well as the members of the Government, which required the adoption of a new Federal Constitutional Law “On the Government of the Russian Federation”. In this connection, the author aims to study the transformation of the administrative and legal status of the Prime Minister. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, including the comparative legal method, the method of system-functional analysis, comparative legal analysis. Results: the author’s wellfounded position on the essence of the transformation of the administrative and legal status of the Prime Minister is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the legislation development and is confirmed by modern competent research in the field of constitutional and administrative law. Based on the comparative legal analysis, the study of the elements of the administrative and legal status of the Prime Minister is carried out. The questions are raised about the directions of the transformation of the administrative and legal status in the context of the amendments to the Constitution of 2020. Conclusions: as a result of the study, it is concluded that the administrative and legal status of both the Prime Minister and the Government itself is increasingly dependent on the President, which gives the grounds for researchers to conclude that it is necessary to define Russia in the direction of the classical form of republican government: either presidential or parliamentary. The author proves that the administrative and legal status of the Prime Minister has undergone a number of changes in terms of restricting his rights, including in the formation of the structure of the executive authorities, the management of the Government activities, reporting and responsibility to the President, etc. At the same time, the powers of the President to lead the executive authorities have been expanded, which leads to the idea of Russia’s becoming a classic presidential republic, when the President heads the Government.
Digitized Rights as an Electronic and Virtual Fiction for the Legal Support for the Turnover of Subjective Claims
Authors: Sadkov Vitaly
Published: August 2021

Introduction: the paper examines the legal nature of such new categories as “digital rights”, “utilitarian digital rights”, “digital financial assets” and “digital currency”. The correlation of these phenomena with each other is clarified from the standpoint of modern civil turnover. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legally significant features of the above phenomena. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative law. Results: the author’s position justified in the work is based on the legislation and the opinions of the competent scientists on the issues of clarifying the legal essence of the above-mentioned categories from the standpoint of civil law. Conclusions: the author suggests considering “digital rights”, “utilitarian digital rights”, “digital financial assets” not only from the standpoint of objects of civil rights, but also from the standpoint of the original digital form of fixing property rights. It is proposed to introduce the category “digitized rights” into the legal lexicon as a kind of fiction used to ensure the operability of the legal mechanism that mediates the turnover of subjective claims in the electronic and virtual environment.
The Prosecutor as a Coordinator of the Law Enforcement Activities in the Fight Against Crime
Authors: Kruglikov Anatoly
Published: August 2021

Introduction: the paper analyzes some problems of coordinating the activities of the law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime, and the role of the prosecutor in this activity. The author notes that the achievement of significant positive results in the fight against crime is only possible with a clear coordination of the actions of the law enforcement agencies carried out in accordance with the law. These bodies are named in the Regulation on the coordination of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime approved by Presidential Decree No. 567 of April 18, 1996, with the subsequent amendments by other Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the latest of which is Decree No. 640 of December 31, 2019. Such bodies are: the bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, bodies of the Federal Security Service, troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, bodies of the criminal executive system of the Russian Federation, bodies of compulsory enforcement of the Russian Federation, customs bodies of the Russian Federation, investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and some other bodies. In accordance with Part 1 of Article 8 of the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”, the activities of the law enforcement agencies to combat crime are coordinated by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, the prosecutors of the subjects of the Russian Federation, cities, districts and other territorial prosecutors, as well as military and other specialized prosecutors equated to them. In accordance with the above-mentioned Provision, the objectives of coordination are to increase the efficiency of fight against crime by developing and implementing coordinated measures by these bodies for the timely detection, solving, suppression and prevention of crimes, eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to their commission. When writing the work, various methods of scientific knowledge were used: systematicity, analysis, synthesis, the formal-legal one, etc. Results: the author considers the basic principles of coordination of the activities of the law enforcement agencies, its main directions and forms. Conclusions: the practice of coordinating the activities of the law enforcement agencies should be constantly analyzed to study the best practices in the prevention and detection of crimes, the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens in criminal proceedings, and to take into account the essence of court decisions made based on the results of the reviewed activities.
Expert Perceptual Behavior under the Spatiotemporal Visual Constraints in Table Tennis
Authors: Tang Ming-Yuan , Yang Chih-Mei , Jwo Hank Jun-Ling
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES The perceptual ability to detect movement is essential for expert table tennis players. A spatiotemporal occlusion paradigm was employed to examine the critical information that facilitates athletes’ perception.METHODS Thirty-one expert table tennis players, 29 participants and 2 demonstrators, volunteered to participate in the study. Four types of temporal conditions and five types of spatial occlusions were displayed in experimental videos of two opponents playing a table tennis forehand stroke. Period t1–4 represented the four temporal conditions, with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ms of action being occluded, respectively. The five types of spatial occlusion involved showing the kinematics of only the ball, paddle, arm, trunk, or head. The participants were instructed to judge the landing direction of the ball on the basis of the information in the footage.RESULTS The footage depicted the longest period of play. Furthermore, in separate trials, the spatial information (for the ball, torso, or head) was missing because of occlusion. The absence of such critical spatiotemporal information impaired the ability of players to make an accurate prediction.CONCLUSION Players obtained crucial spatiotemporal information if the timeframe of the video was relatively complete and spatial information on the opponent’s torso and head was available. For peak performance, expert table tennis players perceive and detect the optical flow of the ball’s flight and consider invariant information concerning their opponent’s torso and head.
The Effects of a Medial Heel Wedge on the Weight-Bearing Response of Hindfoot Valgus and the Total Weight-Bearing Responses of the Navicular and Talus Bones
Authors: Maruyama Masafumi , Yozu Arito , Okamoto Yoshikazu , Shiraki Hitoshi
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES Medial heel wedges are commonly prescribed to manage the weight-bearing response of hindfoot valgus and the total weight-bearing responses of the navicular and talus bones. Previous studies have reported that a medial heel wedge is effective in the management of musculoskeletal injuries. However, it remains unclear the effect of a medial heel wedge on the weight-bearing responses of footarch bones in vivo. To clarify the effects of a medial heel wedge on the weight-bearing response of hindfoot valgus and the total weight-bearing responses of the navicular and talus bones is necessary to understand how best to treat musculoskeletal injuries clinically. The purpose of our study was to clarify the effects of a medial heel wedge on the weight-bearing response of hindfoot valgus and the total weight-bearing responses of the navicular and talus bones.METHODS Twenty-five healthy males were analyzed. We obtained MRI scanning of the right foot under non-loading (NL) and full weight-bearing (FW) conditions. Participants wore two insole types, a flat insole and a medial heel wedge. To evaluate the weight-bearing response in hindfoot valgus, the hindfoot alignment view (HAV) was measured. We also measured navicular and talus bone positions and calculated the total positional changes of the navicular and talus bones (ΔTPCN, ΔTPCT) from the vertical and medial displacements using the Pythagorean theorem.RESULTS Significant interactions were observed with the HAV. Under both NL and FW conditions, the HAV was smaller on the medial heel wedge than on the flat insole. In addition, the ΔTPCN was significantly smaller on the medial heel wedge than on the flat insole. However, no significant differences were observed for ΔTPCT.CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that use of a medial heel wedge decreases hindfoot valgus values under both NL and FW conditions and stabilizes the total weight-bearing response of the navicular bone.
Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Stochastic Neighbour Embedding with Isolation Kernel
Authors: Zhu Ye , Ting Kai Ming
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a new insight into improving the performance of Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) by using Isolation kernel instead of Gaussian kernel. Isolation kernel outperforms Gaussian kernel in two aspects. First, the use of Isolation kernel in t-SNE overcomes the drawback of misrepresenting some structures in the data, which often occurs when Gaussian kernel is applied in t-SNE. This is because Gaussian kernel determines each local bandwidth based on one local point only, while Isolation kernel is derived directly from the data based on space partitioning. Second, the use of Isolation kernel yields a more efficient similarity computation because data-dependent Isolation kernel has only one parameter that needs to be tuned. In contrast, the use of data-independent Gaussian kernel increases the computational cost by determining n bandwidths for a dataset of n points. As the root cause of these deficiencies in t-SNE is Gaussian kernel, we show that simply replacing Gaussian kernel with Isolation kernel in t-SNE significantly improves the quality of the final visualisation output (without creating misrepresented structures) and removes one key obstacle that prevents t-SNE from processing large datasets. Moreover, Isolation kernel enables t-SNE to deal with large-scale datasets in less runtime without trading off accuracy, unlike existing methods in speeding up t-SNE.
Evaluation of required stiffness and strength of cellular geosynthetics
Authors: Song F. , Chen W. , Nie Y. , Ma L.
Published: August 2021

Cellular geosynthetics have been widely used in engineering practices for their enhanced confining effects. However, limited research has been reported on methods of evaluating the required stiffness and strength of cellular geosynthetics based on the strength of geosynthetic-encased soil in engineering practices. In this study, an analytical approach was formulated to estimate the required stiffness and strength of cellular geosynthetics based on the equivalent strength of geosynthetic–soil composites considering soil nonlinearity, soil plasticity, soil dilatancy, and soil–geosynthetic interaction. Large-scale triaxial compression tests on geosynthetic-encased sand were performed to validate the effectiveness of the method. Parametric studies were conducted using the validated method to investigate the effects of nonlinear elastic parameters, the peak strength of the infill soil, and the aperture size of cellular geosynthetics on the required stiffness and strength.
Emoções na saúde
Authors: Ribeiro Machado Dora Margarida , Morais Brás Manuel Alberto , Lanjeira De Almeida Assunção das Dores , Vieitas Amorim Pires Costa Laura Juliana , Garcia Jorge Anes Eugénia Maria
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A evolução baseada nos progressos da investigação é essencial para a prática, nomeadamente quando falamos em saúde. Contudo, tal facto conduz ao aumento da esperança média de vida e, por conseguinte, a situações de dor e sofrimento prolongado. Por outro lado, inserir-se numa equipa multidisciplinar e trabalhar com utentes significa lidar com emoções variadas e potenciadoras de stress. Face ao exposto, a inteligência emocional,enquanto capacidade para avaliaras próprias emoçõese de outros discernindo o impacto que elas causam e utilizando essa informação para influenciar positivamente o comportamento, apresenta-se como essencial para um desempenho de cuidados humanizados e adequados e para um trabalho bem-sucedido. Objetivos: Este estudo pretende avaliar a importância da inteligência e da competência emocional nos profissionais de saúde. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, operacionalizada na SciELO, na biblioteca do conhecimento online e no Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, limitada ao hiato temporal 2015-2021, com as seguintes palavras-chave: Profissional de Saúde; Inteligência Emocional. Definiram-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2021; acesso integral ao documento; artigos referentes a estudos quantitativos/qualitativos que retratem a temática pertinente ao objetivo do trabalho; artigos em português, inglês e espanhol. E como critérios de exclusão: artigos quantitativos/qualitativos que não abordem a temática; artigos que se distanciem do tema. Foram encontrados 409 artigos, tendo sido selecionados, após verificação dos critérios deinclusão e deexclusão 7 artigos. Resultados: A inteligência emocional poderá ser útil na gestão de emoções, prevenindo que os sentimentos experimentados se repercutam negativamente nos cuidados prestados (Rebelo & Martins, 2015). Além disso, contribui para um ambiente de trabalho mais agradável, afeta positivamente a satisfação no mesmo (Cavaco, 2015), associa-se ao sucesso profissional, pessoal, afetivo e económico (Júnior, 2018) e protege do Burnout (Cavaco, 2015). Sabe-se que, na sua ausência, a segurança do local de trabalho e dos procedimentos e a satisfação do utente e do profissional não ficam asseguradas (Doas, 2011). Conclusão: Muito embora pese a importância da inteligência emocional na prestação de cuidados em saúde ainda são poucas as investigações na área, a nível nacional (Sousa, 2015). Ainda assim, os estudos encontrados permitem concluir que a humanização, satisfação e segurança dos cuidados implicam um aumento da compreensão das emoções próprias e dos outros, por parte dos profissionais de saúde, pelo que a competência emocional nos mesmos é primordial.
Características de lenguaje oral y escrito en síndrome de X-frágil
Authors: Moraleda Sepúlveda Esther , Pulido García Noelia , Cañas Pedrosa Sara , Santos Muriel Noelia , Pérez Cristina
Published: August 2021

El síndrome del cromosoma X frágil (SXF) es uno de los síndromes genéticos más frecuente causante de discapacidad intelectual, que se produce principalmente en varones. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome X-Frágil adquieren el lenguaje oral, y en algunas ocasiones también dominan el lenguaje escrito, pero la adquisición inicial de las palabras se retrasa significativamente, y por esto, el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y escrito se encuentra retrasado. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de los padres sobre estos déficits. Participaron 8 familias de niños, adolescentes y adultos con SXF que fueron evaluados a través de la escala de valoración del lenguaje del test CELF. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de padres manifiestan problemas en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y una especial dificultad en el comienzo de la lectoescritura. Ambos factores parecen venir muy determinados, además, por el nivel de atención. Estos datos avalan la importancia de trabajar el lenguaje en todas sus vertientes durante todo el ciclo vital de la persona con SXF.
Calidad de vida en familias con personas con síndrome de Angelman
Authors: Moraleda Sepúlveda Esther , López Resa Patricia , Delgado Matute Soraya , Frontera Romina , Cañadas Camacho Estela
Published: August 2021

El Síndrome de Angelman (SA) es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por discapacidad intelectual grave, retraso en el desarrollo, ausencia de habla o habla mínima, microcefalia, ansiedad, disfunciones motoras, marcha atáxica y deficiencias en las relaciones sociales. Sus características hacen que estas personas necesiten de intervención de varios especialistas clínicos y educativos a lo largo de su vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el nivel de calidad de vida que describían las familias de esta población. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 7 familias con hijos con Síndrome de Angelman de entre 4 y 16 años que fueron evaluadas a través de la Escala Kidslife. Los datos encontrados indician que el grado de dependencia limita ciertas características de la vida de la persona con Síndrome de Angelman y que esto repercute directamente en el nivel de calidad de vida que describen las familias en todos los niveles. Estos resultados nos llevan a analizar las implicaciones sociales y emocionales que pueden tener para las familias y para su entorno.
Onicofagia y covid-19: estudio de caso de un joven adulto con TDHA
Authors: Sánchez Casado J. Inmaculada , Benítez Sánchez Elena I.
Published: August 2021

La onicofagia es una conducta poco adaptativa que presentan algunos sujetos; esta patología les provoca una necesidad de “morder” compulsivamente sus uñas. Si no se trata precozmente tiende a perpetuarse en el tiempo, ya que es una tendencia que no disminuye con la edad, y se ve incrementada significativamente ante situaciones de estrés o de ansiedad. En este estudio de caso se analizará la intervención cognitivo-conductual con un adulto de 25 años diagnosticado de TDAH, cuyo objetivo responde a la necesidad de erradicar la conducta de morderse las uñas durante esta actual etapa pandémica, con la finalidad última de garantizar las recomendaciones más básicas del protocolo COVID-19. Este tipo de conductas, muy peligrosas por la transmisión del virus a través de las manos, son especialmente frecuentesen los pacientescon trastornos del desarrollo,yespecialmenteen jóvenescon TDAH,como en nuestro caso. La intervención, empleando como terapia el método cognitivo-conductual con reforzadores negativos y positivos e infografías de la Consejería de Sanidad de la Junta de Extremadura, que recalcaban la importancia de las medidas básicas de salud e higiene de manos, ha alcanzado una alta tasa de éxito. Este hecho viene avalado por la eficiencia y eficacia de la propia terapia, que duró 90 días, y que se implementó durante el periodo de confinamiento domiciliario provocado por la pandemia Covid-19 entre los meses de marzo, abril, mayo y junio. Los resultados mostraron una disminución paulatina de la frecuencia de morderse las uñas, siendo exponencial desde la primera semana hasta erradicar la misma en las últimas semanas de tratamiento.
Otimização seletiva com compensação e intervenção gerontológica "life-span
Authors: Bastos Alice , Monteiro Joana , Faria Carla
Published: August 2021

Fatores tecnológicos, materiais, sociais e mentais associados à Cultura foram o principal motor para o aumento da longevidade no século XX e não mudanças no genoma geradas pela evolução da espécie. A otimização seletiva com compensação (SOC) pode ser vista como capacidade adaptativa - estratégias psicológicas de gestão da vida que garantem o processo de envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Inspirado nos princípios da Psicologia Desenvolvimental “Life-Span”, o SOC é simultaneamente um modelo e meta-modelo, na medida em que permite explicar quer mecanismos gerais do funcionamento humano, quer transformações em domínios específicos. A Equipa de Baltes e cols. Elaborou um instrumento para avaliar a capacidade adaptativa – SOC Questionnaire, útil para a intervenção gerontológica “life-span” - uma visão otimizadora da transformação desenvolvimental ao longo da vida, tomando como referência “life-events”. Este estudo analisa estratégias SOC em adultos mais velhos a participar em iniciativas autárquicas. Inclui 104 participantes, idade média 72,6 anos (DP = 5,9), predominantemente mulheres (80,8%), casados (61,5%), reduzida escolaridade (84,6%). Na recolha de dados utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e a versão portuguesa do SOC-Questionnaire. Na análise da capacidade adaptativa em função das variáveis sociodemográficas observa-se uma diferença significativa entre mulheres e homens (p < 0,05), assim como uma interação significativa entre grupo e anos de escolaridade (p < 0,01). Independentemente do grupo, as mulheres pontuam mais baixo que os homens. Nas escolaridades mais baixas, a pontuação no SOC é superior no grupo de intervenção, enquanto nas escolaridades mais altas o grupo de comparação pontua mais alto. Esta tendência nos participantes com mais escolaridade deve ser interpretada com alguma reserva, dado que há poucos participantes nestes estratos. Estes resultados parecem promissores para o planeamento de intervenções “life-span”, enriquecendo a capacidade adaptativa ao longo da vida para lidar com situações de vida particularmente stressantes, como é o caso da Pandemia COVID-19.
La comprensión de la persuasión en niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años
Authors: Linero María José , Barajas Carmen , Mayoral María
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general el estudio de cómo los niños/as comprenden el acto comunicativo de persuasión (aquel en el que se interpreta que una persona quiere conseguir algo de otra) y cómo esta comprensión se relaciona con importantes variables del desarrollo psicológico. A partir de este objetivo general se derivan dos objetivos específicos. El primero consiste en analizar la capacidad de comprensión de la persuasión en niños/as de Educación Primaria en función de la realización de inferencias mentalistas acerca de la perspectiva cognitiva del persuasor (su estado mental de creencia, su motivación/actitud, y su intención al intentar persuadir), así como de la realización de inferencias mentalistas acerca de la perspectiva tanto cognitiva como emocional de la persona persuadida (su estado mental de creencia y su estado emocional, ambos causados por las palabras del persuasor). El segundo objetivo específico consiste en examinar cómo estas atribuciones que hacen los niños se relacionan con la habilidad lingüística y la Teoría de la Mente. Para ello, se han administrado a 103 niños/as de 6 a 12 años una tarea de evaluación de la comprensión de una persuasión, el test PPVT-III para obtener el nivel de desarrollo lingüístico infantil, y un conjunto de tareas de evaluación de distintas habilidades mentalistas. Los resultados indican que el nivel de desarrollo lingüístico infantil se relaciona con la inferencia de la intención del persuasor, así como con las referencias explícitas al estado de creencia y emoción que desarrolla la persona persuadida. Por otra parte, los resultados también han puesto en evidencia que las habilidades de inferencia mentalista más sofisticadas están relacionadas con la atribución de la intención al persuasor y con la referencia explícita al estado emocional de la persona persuadida
Formación online: método abierto basado en números (ABN) y aplicación práctica en alumnado de 10 a 14 años
Authors: Canto L´ópez María del Carmen , Manchado Porras Malena , Piñero Charlo José Carlos , Aguilar Villagrán Manuel , Aragón Mendizábal Estíbaliz , Delgado Casas Cándida
Published: August 2021

En la actualidad, uno de los mayores retos educativos sigue siendo superar las dificultades que genera el aprendizaje matemático en el alumnado de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria. Recientemente, se ha incrementado la investigación sobre el aprendizaje y la cognición matemática debido a las consecuencias personales y sociales del fracaso enel aprendizaje. Una de las líneas de trabajo enfatiza la conveniencia de realizar intervenciones que incorporen los procesos cognitivos implicados en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, y hagan uso de estrategias innovadoras como el método de cálculo Abierto Basado en Números (ABN). El presente estudio pretende analizar el impacto del programa formativo online para la implantación del método ABN en cursos altos de Educación Primaria y primer ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. El proyecto se distribuye en cuatro fases: (1) Selección de escuelas; (2) Programa formativo online para docentes; (3) Estudio empírico para analizar la efectividad del método ABN; y (4) Transferencia de resultados y diseño de materiales y APP educativas matemáticas. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la primera etapa, con el objetivo de analizar el impacto del programa formativo y la incorporación de materiales manipulativos para diversos contenidos matemáticos. Los participantes del programa formativo pertenecen a centros educativos de la provincia de Cádiz y fueron seleccionados incidentalmente. La muestra está compuesta por 40 participantes (19 investigadores, 3 docentes expertos en ABN, 18 docentes y 3 estudiantes de máster en Educación Secundaria). Se presentan los resultados extraídos tras la formación del profesorado y las prácticas de aula llevadas a cabo, los cuales muestran la necesidad de formación del profesorado para la incorporación de dinámicas alternativas en los cursos altos de Educación Primaria. Se espera abrir nuevas líneas de investigación basadas en la implementación de programas y talleres para la aplicación de estrategias innovadoras en los centros educativos.
Hand trauma in English domestic professional county cricket
Authors: Ribbans Bill , Chaudhry Shiraz , Goudriaan Barry
Published: August 2021

Background: Hand trauma is a frequent and disabling injury in cricket. However, there is limited published data on its impact on the sport at the elite level.

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence and mechanism of hand injuries in professional cricket over a decade and the impact of these injuries upon player availability.

Methods: A retrospective hand injury review at Northampton County Cricket Club (NCCC) over 10 years (2009-2018) was performed. All hand injuries had been contemporaneously documented. They were analysed for cause of injury, treatment, and time away from competitive play.

Results: There were 45 hand injuries in total. Eleven percent needed surgical intervention. These hand injuries required a total recovery time of 1561 days, and in-season 1416 days were lost from competitive play. The injuries requiring surgery were unavailable for 229 total days during the season. A player had an annual 18% risk of sustaining a hand injury requiring time away from the sport and resulting in a 4% reduction in playing resources during a season.

Conclusion: Hand injuries have major implications for player selection during the cricket season and place a potential burden upon the entire squad and the team’s success.
Evaluation of mineral resources carrying capacity based on the particle swarm optimization clustering algorithm
Authors: He S. , Luo D. , Guo K.
Published: August 2021

SYNOPSIS As minerals are a non-renewable resource, sustainability must be considered in their development and utilization. Evaluation of the mineral resources carrying capacity is necessary for the sustainable development of mineral resource-based regions. Following the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system from four aspects, namely resource endowment, socio-economic status, environmental pollution, and ecological restoration, a method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the K-means algorithm (PSO-Kmeans) was used to evaluate the mineral resources carrying capacity of the Panxi region southwest Sichuan Province, China. The evaluation method is data-driven and does not consider the classification standards of different carrying capacity levels. At the same time, it avoids the problems of local optimization and sensitivity to initial points of the K-means algorithm, thereby providing more objective evaluation results and solving the problem of subjective division of each grade volume capacity in carrying capacity evaluation. The algorithm was verified through UCI data-sets and virtual samples. By superimposing a single index on the carrying capacity map for analysis, the rationality of the evaluation results was validated. Keywords: particle swarm optimization, K-means algorithm , mineral resources, carrying capacity, sustainability.
SOEM-X: Identifying non-healthcare industries for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the United States v2
Authors: Walsh Michael
Published: August 2021

This protocol describes a way to identify non-healthcare industries in the United States based on the following operational definition: Any industry that does not exceed the upper boundary limit set by the third quartile plus 1.5 times the interquartile range for the percentage of workers employed in healthcare occupations as defined in the Epidemiological Classification of COVID-19 Work-Relatedness and Documentation of Public-Facing Occupations of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Occupational Health Subcommittee. Note, this protocol extends the SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Exposure Matrix (SOEM). It exploits the fact that the SOEM does not capture risk factors of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across all occupations in the United States: The SOEM excludes healthcare occupations as defined in the Epidemiological Classification of COVID-19 Work-Relatedness and Documentation of Public-Facing Occupations of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Occupational Health Subcommittee.
Evaluation of pre-analytical phase performance of emergency laboratory by harmonized quality indicators and six sigma
Authors: VK Arumalla , S Chelliah , V Madhubala
Published: August 2021

Background: Pre-analytical errors account for up to 70% of all the errors made in laboratory diagnostics which are mostly not directly under laboratory control. Laboratories across the world have been using different Quality indicators (QIs) for identifying and quantification of pre-analytical errors. Objective of the present study is to identify the different pre-analytical errors with their frequency and to assess the pre-analytical phase performance of emergency laboratory by using harmonized Quality Indicators and six sigma metrics. Methods and material: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 to monitor the inappropriateness of samples and test request forms. We have quantified the performance of pre-analytical phase of our emergency laboratory based on the harmonized QIs proposed by The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety (IFCC- WGLEPS) and six sigma metrics. Results: Emergency laboratory received a total of 55431 samples during Jan- 2019 to Dec- 2019. Number of pre-analytical errors were 1089 which accounted for 1.96% of total samples received. Haemolysed samples, clotted samples and samples with insufficient volume were contributed to 37%, 26% and 15% of the total pre-analytical errors respectively. Conclusions: Pre-analytical phase performance of our emergency laboratory complies with the quality specifications laid by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety (IFCC-WGLEPS). Implementation of harmonised QIs assures the comparability of laboratory findings with different laboratories across the world.
Factores asociados a la percepción de vulnerabilidad al VIH en mujeres transgénero de tres ciudades de Colombia
Authors: Ramos-Jaraba Sara Milena , Berbesi-Fernandez Dedsy Yajaira , Bedoya-Mejía Sebastian , Molina-Estrada Amanda Patricia , Martínez-Rocha Alejandra , Segura-Cardona Ángela M.
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de vulnerabilidad al VIH y sus factores asociados en mujeres transgénero (MT) en Bogotá, Medellín y Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, a partir de un muestreo dirigido por encuestados (RDS), en el que participaron 620 MT. Se investigaron aspectos sociodemográficos, conductas sexuales, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y percepción de vulnerabilidad al VIH. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, a través de asociaciones bivariadas, utilizando chi cuadrado. También se realizó el análisis multivariado y se construyó un modelo de regresión de Poisson. Resultados: El 63% de las participantes son menores de 35 años, se desempeñan principalmente como trabajadoras sexuales, modelos web cam y estilistas, tienen bajos ingresos, iniciaron relaciones sexuales a temprana edad, y el 84,7% había recibido dinero a cambio de sexo alguna vez en la vida. La percepción de vulnerabilidad al VIH aumenta entre quienes ejercen la prostitución, antecedente de infecciones de transmisión sexual en el último año, son solteras, consumieron cocaína en los seis meses previos a la encuesta y evitan los servicios de prevención. Conclusiones: La percepción de vulnerabilidad al VIH entre las MT participantes del estudio es alta, por lo cual se requieren intervenciones efectivas que mejoren sus condiciones de vida y comportamientos sexuales.
Percepción de mujeres venezolanas sobre los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva en Lima, Perú
Authors: Irons Rebecca
Published: August 2021

Objetivos: Conocer la percepción de mujeres venezolanas sobre los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque metodológico cualitativo; se entrevistó a 50 mujeres migrantes en Lima y tres obstetras que brindan atención en SSR por el Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas, la información fue recolectada de julio a diciembre de 2019. Se analizó la prestación de servicios de SSR en Lima a través de la teoría de la «gobernanza reproductiva». Resultados: Las mujeres migrantes buscan información en salud reproductiva y anticonceptivos en farmacéuticos y farmacias. Existe un déficit de información sobre la atención gratuita de los SSR, preocupación por la falta de seguro de salud, por las barreras de costos y por su estado migratorio. Conclusiones: La «gobernanza reproductiva» podría ser empleada por los farmacéuticos para apoyar a las mujeres migrantes y para informar sobre los servicios públicos de SSR disponibles en Lima.
Uso de genomas de SARS-CoV-2 para la estimación del número reproductivo efectivo (Rt) en Perú durante marzo y abril del 2020
Authors: Romero Pedro E. , Sánchez-Yupari Milagros , Montero Stephanie , Tsukayama Pablo
Published: August 2021

La comprensión de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) provocada por el coronavirus de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causante de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, utilizando un enfoque multidisciplinario, es esencial para mejorar la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia. Se estimó el número reproductivo efectivo (Rt) en Perú a partir de 113 genomas completos generados por el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) del Perú almacenados en la base de datos pública GISAID. La tendencia mostrada por el Rt durante marzo y abril del 2020 fue similar a otras estimaciones epidemiológicas. El Rt disminuyó considerablemente durante la primera quincena de marzo, alcanzando su menor valor la semana posterior al inicio de la cuarentena, pero aumentó moderadamente desde la quincena de abril. Se discute las implicancias de las medidas tempranas tomadas para mitigar la transmisión. La vigilancia genómica será una herramienta necesaria para conocer la transmisión y evolución del virus, complementando la información epidemiológica.
Duración de la gestión ministerial y logros en salud en el Perú
Authors: Gozzer Ernesto , Canchihuamán Fredy , Chalco Vilma , Huari Gabriela , Cisneros-Dionisio Ana , Quispe Wildo , Espinoza Rubén
Published: August 2021

Los periodos breves en la gestión de un ministerio de salud pueden poner en riesgo la implementación y la efectividad de políticas de Estado por cambios en la orientación de la gestión, por un proceso natural de aprendizaje, o por otros factores. El propósito de este artículo fue determinar y comparar la duración de la gestión ministerial en salud en Perú, describir sus características y discutir su relación con los logros en salud pública. Entre 1935 y 2021, la media de duración de la gestión fue de 13,7 meses y la mediana fue de 11 meses, siendo la más extensa de 67 meses, de Constantino Carvallo, y la más breve de un día, de Javier Correa. La duración de la gestión ministerial en el Perú tiene un amplio rango de variación (1día hasta 67 meses), es menor comparada con la de otros países, y está disminuyendo desde el 2016. Si bien, una duración mayor a la encontrada no sería suficiente para garantizar los logros en salud, podría contribuir en el sostenimiento de las acciones de salud y tener un efecto positivo en las políticas de largo plazo.
Manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19: reporte de casos
Authors: Schult-Montoya Sandra C. , Pichilingue-Torres Paola R. , Vásquez-Vidal Werner L. , Rodríguez-Mujica Elio O. , Juárez-Luna Mayra
Published: August 2021

La pandemia por la COVID-19 afecta actualmente a millones de personas sin exceptuar a la población pediátrica. Las manifestaciones clínicas en niños son variables: respiratorias, gastrointestinales, hematológicas, neurológicas y sistémicas. Con el objetivo de describir las diversas presentaciones clínicas y neurológicas durante la evolución de la enfermedad se documentó una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19. Se plantea diversos mecanismos a través de los cuales el SARS-CoV-2 causaría injuria neurológica (injuria directa, secundaria a respuesta inmune, entre otras) con características clínicas variables (convulsiones, debilidad muscular, trastorno del sensorio). Los estudios sobre características clínicas y factores pronósticos en niños y adolescentes con SARS-CoV-2 son limitados, por lo cual el presente reporte contribuye con información relevante al proporcionar un espectro de manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 en población pediátrica.
El uso de un producto en investigación fuera de un ensayo clínico: el caso «Vacunagate»
Authors: Mayta-Tristán Percy , Aparco Juan Pablo
Published: August 2021

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Tuning Parameters in Deep Belief Networks for Time Series Prediction through Harmony Search
Authors:   Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam, Luu Do Ngoc , Phien Nguyen Ngoc , Anh Duong Tuan
Published: August 2021

There have been several researches of applying Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) to predict time series data. Most of these works pointed out that DBNs can bring out better prediction accuracy than traditional Artificial Neural Networks. However, one of the main shortcomings of using DBNs in time series prediction concerns with the proper selection of their parameters. In this paper, we investigate the use of Harmony Search algorithm for determining the parameters of DBN in forecasting time series. Experimental results on several synthetic and real world time series datasets revealed that the DBN with parameters selected by Harmony Search performs better than the DBN with parameters selected by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) or random method in most of the tested datasets.
POETS: A Parallel Cluster Architecture for Spiking Neural Network
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, UK, Shahsavari Mahyar , Beaumont Jonathan , Thomas David , Brown Andrew D.
Published: August 2021

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are known as a branch of neuromorphic computing and are currently used in neuroscience applications to understand and model the biological brain. SNNs could also potentially be used in many other application domains such as classification, pattern recognition, and autonomous control. This work presents a highly-scalable hardware platform called POETS, and uses it to implement SNN on a very large number of parallel and reconfigurable FPGA-based processors. The current system consists of 48 FPGAs, providing 3072 processing cores and 49152 threads. We use this hardware to implement up to four million neurons with one thousand synapses. Comparison to other similar platforms shows that the current POETS system is twenty times faster than the Brian simulator, and at least two times faster than SpiNNaker.