bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La contribución de las cooperativas a la transformación socioecológica a través de la innovación social: análisis de casos internacionales
Authors: Valiente Lidia , Guzmán Carmen , Santos Francisco J.
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar cómo las cooperativas, las cuales se basan en una serie de principios y valores de actuación sociales y medioambientales, están capacitadas para contribuir a la transformación socioecológica a través de la innovación social (IS). Para ello, se analizan los elementos comunes de las cooperativas tanto con la IS como con la transformación socioecológica a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Asimismo, para mostrar dichas relaciones, se analizan una serie de experiencias de cooperativas a nivel mundial que desarrollan IS para identificar qué elementos de los sistemas socioecológicos altera y de qué forma contribuyen a construir modelos más justos y sostenibles.
A CT-based radiomics predictive nomogram to identify pulmonary tuberculosis from community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Li Pulin , Wang Jiling , Tang Min , Li Min , Han Rui , Zhou Sijing , Wu Xingwang , Wang Ran
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To develop a predictive nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) radiomics to distinguish pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

A total of 195 PTB patients and 163 CAP patients were enrolled from three hospitals. It is divided into a training cohort, a testing cohort and validation cohort. Clinical models were established by using significantly correlated clinical features. Radiomics features were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. Radiomics scores (Radscore) were calculated from the formula of radiomics features. Clinical radiomics conjoint nomogram was established according to Radscore and clinical features, and the diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Two clinical features and 12 radiomic features were selected as optimal predictors for the establishment of clinical radiomics conjoint nomogram. The results showed that the predictive nomogram had an outstanding ability to discriminate between the two diseases, and the AUC of the training cohort was 0.947 (95% CI, 0.916-0.979), testing cohort was 0.888 (95% CI, 0.814-0.961) and that of the validation cohort was 0.850 (95% CI, 0.778-0.922). Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the nomogram has outstanding clinical value.

Conclusions

This study developed a clinical radiomics model that uses radiomics features to identify PTB from CAP. This model provides valuable guidance to clinicians in identifying PTB.
Data-driven classification and explainable-AI in the field of lung imaging
Authors: Shah Syed Taimoor Hussain , Shah Syed Adil Hussain , Khan Iqra Iqbal , Imran Atif , Shah Syed Baqir Hussain , Mehmood Atif , Qureshi Shahzad Ahmad , Raza Mudassar , Di Terlizzi Angelo , Cavaglià Marco , Deriu Marco Agostino
Published: September 2024

Detecting lung diseases in medical images can be quite challenging for radiologists. In some cases, even experienced experts may struggle with accurately diagnosing chest diseases, leading to potential inaccuracies due to complex or unseen biomarkers. This review paper delves into various datasets and machine learning techniques employed in recent research for lung disease classification, focusing on pneumonia analysis using chest X-ray images. We explore conventional machine learning methods, pretrained deep learning models, customized convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and ensemble methods. A comprehensive comparison of different classification approaches is presented, encompassing data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification using machine vision, machine and deep learning, and explainable-AI (XAI). Our analysis highlights the superior performance of transfer learning-based methods using CNNs and ensemble models/features for lung disease classification. In addition, our comprehensive review offers insights for researchers in other medical domains too who utilize radiological images. By providing a thorough overview of various techniques, our work enables the establishment of effective strategies and identification of suitable methods for a wide range of challenges. Currently, beyond traditional evaluation metrics, researchers emphasize the importance of XAI techniques in machine and deep learning models and their applications in classification tasks. This incorporation helps in gaining a deeper understanding of their decision-making processes, leading to improved trust, transparency, and overall clinical decision-making. Our comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking not only to advance the field of lung disease detection using machine learning and XAI but also from other diverse domains.
Do peers matter? The influence of peers' self-regulation on individual self-regulation: a longitudinal multilevel analysis
Authors: Busching Robert
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Self-regulation is important for social as well as academic success, and research shows that it is also shaped by social interactions. At the same time, peers shape children's development in many domains. Linking these two concepts, it can be predicted that children who are surrounded by peers with a high level of self-regulation later show higher self-regulation themselves compared to those who are surrounded by peers with a low level of self-regulation.

Methods

To test this assumption, a longitudinal sample with N = 1,658 participants in 181 classrooms (μage = 8.37) was analyzed. The self-regulation facets of working memory updating, inhibition, and flexibility were measured using an age-appropriate version of the Stroop test, the repeat-digits-backward test, and the Wisconsin card-sorting task. Based on this data, a score for both the individual and class level was calculated.

Results

The results show that the classmates‘ level of self-regulation predicted later individual self-regulation above the individual self-regulation score. While neither age nor gender moderated this relationship, there was a significant cross-level interaction: Especially individuals with a low level of cognitive flexibility gained from being surrounded by peers with a high level of cognitive flexibility.

Discussion

While the results show that peers constitute an important social context for the development of self-regulation, this fact is often only a minor point in modern self-regulation theories.
Postsecondary organizations and their role in advancing sustainable smart cities: towards a system-oriented perspective
Authors: de Souza A. C. Zambroni , Alencar Paulo , Cowan Donald
Published: September 2024

Postsecondary institutions such as public and private universities have a key role to play in the development of sustainable smart cities. This paper discusses aspects of this role in terms of historical contributions, examples of contributions from the standpoint of two universities, and potential future contributions. The treatment of these aspects from a system-oriented perspective is also addressed. Researchers working on leading edge technologies have resources that enable them to introduce disruptive solutions that enhance the well-being of society. On the other hand, it is clear that different university realities demand unique actions depending on whether they reside in developing or developed countries, although common social problems have also been identified. Overall, there is an opportunity for universities to test new ideas and implement them in communities, especially where they reside. We discuss the role of universities in a broad sense, where contributions are briefly described and acknowledged. The focus is on applications for sustainability and social good that have been or could be developed in universities as new research opportunities to improve the quality of life of the general population. We also argue that it is essential to consider university contributions to the creation of smart cities in the context of a system-oriented perspective.
The application and clinical translation of the self-evolving machine learning methods in predicting diabetic retinopathy and visualizing clinical transformation
Authors: Li Binbin , Hu Liqun , Zhang Siqing , Li Shaojun , Tang Wei , Chen Guishang
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to analyze the application and clinical translation value of the self-evolving machine learning methods in predicting diabetic retinopathy and visualizing clinical outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 300 diabetic patients admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and October 2023. The patients were divided into a diabetic retinopathy group (n=150) and a non-diabetic retinopathy group (n=150). The improved Beetle Antennae Search (IBAS) was used for hyperparameter optimization in machine learning, and a self-evolving machine learning model based on XGBoost was developed. Value analysis was performed on the predictive features for diabetic retinopathy selected through multifactor logistic regression analysis, followed by the construction of a visualization system to calculate the risk of diabetic retinopathy occurrence.

Results

Multifactor logistic regression analysis revealed that being male, having a longer disease duration, higher systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio were risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy, while non-pharmacological treatment was a protective factor. The self-evolving machine learning model demonstrated significant performance advantages in early diagnosis and prediction of diabetic retinopathy occurrence.

Conclusion

The application of the self-evolving machine learning models can assist in identifying features associated with diabetic retinopathy in clinical settings, enabling early prediction of disease occurrence and aiding in the formulation of treatment plans to improve patient prognosis.
Safe dynamic optimization of automatic generation control via imitation-based reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Wu Yongjun , Hao Zhenkun , Song Minghui , Yu Peipei
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The increasing penetration of distributed generation (e.g., solar power and wind power) in the energy market has caused unpredictable disturbances in power systems and accelerated the application of intelligent control, such as reinforcement learning (RL), in automatic generation control (AGC). However, traditional RL cannot ensure constraint safety during training and frequently violates the constraints (e.g., frequency limitations), further threatening the safety and stability of grid operation.

Methods

To address the safety issue, we propose a novel safe RL framework that combines expert experiences with the RL controller to achieve imitation-based RL. This method allows an initialized safe policy by imitating expert experiences to prevent random explorations at the beginning. Specifically, we first formulate the AGC problem mathematically as a Markov decision process. Then, the imitation mechanism is developed atop a soft actor–critic RL algorithm.

Results and discussion

Finally, numerical studies are conducted with an IEEE 39-bus network, which show that the proposed method satisfies the frequency control performance standard better and improves the RL training efficiency.
Immunoglobulin G4 in primary Sjögren’s syndrome and IgG4-related disease - connections and dissimilarities
Authors: Maslinska Maria , Kostyra-Grabczak Kinga
Published: September 2024

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease, with B cell hyperactivation and autoantibody production as its immunological hallmarks. Although the distinction between immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and pSS, based on the presence or absence of certain autoantibodies, seems easy to make, possibility of elevated serum IgG4 concentration and often similar organ involvement may lead to a misdiagnosis. The increased serum concentration of IgG4 in IgG4-RD is not clearly linked to the pathogenesis of IgG-RD and it has been suggested that it may constitute just an epiphenomenon. The aim of this article is to discuss the presence of IgG4 in pSS and IgG4-RD and its potential significance for these two diseases.
Intralesional gene expression profile of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and associated cytokines in Leishmania tropica-infected patients
Authors: Hadifar Shima , Masoudzadeh Nasrin , Heydari Hossein , Mashayekhi Goyonlo Vahid , Kerachian Mohammadali , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Sadeghnia Ali , Tootoonchi Nasim , Erfanian Salim Reza , Rafati Sima , Harandi Ali M.
Published: September 2024

Background

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a central cascade of signal transduction for the myriad of cytokines in which dysregulation has been implicated in progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the involvement of this pathway in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania (L.) tropica warrants further investigation.

Methods

This study sought to investigate differential gene expression of several cytokines and their associated jak-stat genes in the lesions of L. tropica-infected patients byquantitative Real-Time PCR. Further, the expression of five inhibitory immune checkpoint genes was evaluated.

Results

Results showed that the gene expression levelsof both Th1 (ifng, il12, il23) and Th2 (il4, il10) types cytokines were increased in the lesion of studied patients. Further, elevated expression levels of il35, il21, il27 and il24 genes were detected in the lesions of CL patients. Notably, the expression of the majority of genes involved in JAK/STAT signaling pathway as well as checkpoint genes including pdl1, ctla4 and their corresponding receptors was increased.

Conclusion

Our finding revealed dysregulation of cytokines and related jak-stat genes in the lesion of CL patients. These results highlight the need for further exploration of the functional importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of, and immunity to, CL.
Immune and inflammatory insights in atherosclerosis: development of a risk prediction model through single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Chen Xiaosan , Zhang Zhidong , Qiao Gang , Sun Zhigang , Lu Wei
Published: September 2024

Background

Investigation into the immune heterogeneity linked with atherosclerosis remains understudied. This knowledge gap hinders the creation of a robust theoretical framework essential for devising personalized immunotherapies aimed at combating this disease.

Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was employed to delineate the immune cell-type landscape within atherosclerotic plaques, followed by assessments of cell-cell interactions and phenotype characteristics using scRNA-seq datasets. Subsequently, pseudotime trajectory analysis was utilized to elucidate the heterogeneity in cell fate and differentiation among macrophages. Through integrated approaches, including single-cell sequencing, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning techniques, we identified hallmark genes. A risk score model and a corresponding nomogram were developed and validated using these genes, confirmed through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Additionally, enrichment and immune characteristic analyses were conducted based on the risk score model. The model’s applicability was further corroborated by in vitro and in vivo validation of specific genes implicated in atherosclerosis.

Result

This comprehensive scRNA-seq analysis has shed new light on the intricate immune landscape and the role of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. The presence of diverse immune cell populations, with a particularly enriched macrophage population, was highlighted by the results. Macrophage heterogeneity was intricately characterized, revealing four distinct subtypes with varying functional attributes that underscore their complex roles in atherosclerotic pathology. Intercellular communication analysis revealed robust macrophage interactions with multiple cell types and detailed pathways differing between proximal adjacent and atherosclerotic core groups. Furthermore, pseudotime trajectories charted the developmental course of macrophage subpopulations, offering insights into their differentiation fates within the plaque microenvironment. The use of machine learning identified potential diagnostic markers, culminating in the identification of RNASE1 and CD14. The risk score model based on these biomarkers exhibited high accuracy in diagnosing atherosclerosis. Immune characteristic analysis validated the risk score model’s efficacy in defining patient profiles, distinguishing high-risk individuals with pronounced immune cell activities. Finally, experimental validation affirmed RNASE1’s involvement in atherosclerotic progression, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.

Conclusion

Our findings have advanced our understanding of atherosclerosis immunopathology and paved the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
The effect of Sesuvium portulacastrum for reducing inorganic nitrogen pollution in coastal mariculture wetland
Authors: Liu Kai , Gao Wei , Yu Zhenzhen , Hu Yongchao , Zuo Ming , Sun Chen , Zou Xiaotao , Wang Lizhi
Published: September 2024

Mariculture ponds are essential components of the coastal wetland, which are often criticized by eutrophication risk for the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) input to the coastal zone by the culture tailwater. However, the reduce of this DIN pollution was difficult because the tailwater is hard to collect and the treatment is inefficient and expensive. Sesuvium Portulacastrum is a coastal vegetation which has high efficiency in DIN absorption from the seawater and sediment. In this study, we use Sesuvium Portulacastrum as a tool species to study the control behavior of the DIN in mariculture ponds wetland. The change trend of DIN in pond water and benthic species in pond sediment was investigated. The results showed that Sesuvium Portulacastrum reduced NH4+, NO3-, and NO2- in the pond water by 83.21%, 95.22%, and 91.32%, respectively. The species number of benthic organisms was enhanced from 2 to 5 and the species structure was more optimized in Sesuvium Portulacastrum pond than control pond. At the end of the experiment, eutrophication indicator species (Capitella capitata) was disappeared in the Sesuvium Portulacastrum pond. Those suggest that the coastal vegetation (Sesuvium Portulacastrum) have great potential to eliminate DIN pollutants in mariculture pond wetland.
Logistic regression model for predicting risk factors and contribution of cerebral microbleeds using renal function indicators
Authors: Liu Xuhui , Pan Zheng , Li Yilan , Huang Xiaoyong , Zhang Xiner , Xiong Feng
Published: September 2024

Background

The brain and kidneys share similar low-resistance microvascular structures, receiving blood at consistently high flow rates and thus, are vulnerable to blood pressure fluctuations. This study investigates the causative factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), aiming to quantify the contribution of each risk factor by constructing a multivariate model via stepwise regression.

Methods

A total of 164 hospitalized patients were enrolled from January 2022 to March 2023 in this study, employing magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to assess the presence of CMBs. The presence of CMBs in patients was determined by SWI, and history, renal function related to CMBs were analyzed.

Results

Out of 164 participants in the safety analysis, 36 (21.96%) exhibited CMBs and 128 (78.04%) did not exhibit CMBs, and the median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 49–86 years). Multivariate logistic regression identified hypertension (OR = 13.95%, 95% CI: 4.52, 50.07%), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06–2.40), cystatin C (CyC) (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.20–22.16), and urinary β-2 microglobulin, (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45–3.49) as significant risk factors for CMBs. The marginal R-square (RM2) was 0.25. Among all determinants, hypertension (47.81%) had the highest weight, followed by UN (11.42%). Quasi-curves plotted using the bootstrap method (999 times) showed good agreement between the predictive model and actual observations.

Conclusion

Hypertension, BUN, urinary β-2 microglobulin, CyC were risk factors for CMBs morbidity, and controlling the above indicators within a reasonable range will help to reduce the incidence of CMBs.
Positive impact of nutrition in the prevention of peripheral vascular disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: review
Authors: Karim Zubair A. , Reese Rebecca A. , Smith Adrianne N. , Blackadar Madeline E. , Arora Vishal , Moore Nicole M. , Johnson Emily A.
Published: September 2024

Recent research has shown that there is a link between the trend of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and medical nutrition therapy. Making positive changes to an individual’s lifestyle can help to reduce the symptoms that follow exposure to CVD and COVID-19. Sustainable nutrition and lifestyle changes can positively impact an individual’s health. Studies have considered the risk factors associated with the disease, medical history, the link between nutrition and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), symptom management, and the interrelationship between nutrition, COVID-19, and PVD. One study has demonstrated that Western Dietary intake can boost the innate immune system while suppressing humoral response, causing chronic inflammation and poor host defense against viruses. However, further investigation is needed to confirm. Patients with PVD and COVID-19 have experienced a reduction in side effects when prescribed a regimen of medical nutrition therapy, heart-healthy diets, and adequate physical activity before and after symptoms of both diseases appear. This approach has proven to be a protective factor during the combination of both illnesses. Our findings indicate that balanced diet and lifestyle are essential in supporting an optimal immune system that can reduce the risk of virus load in individuals at risk of infection and symptoms from COVID-19 and PVD.
BRCA2 mutations in familial breast cancer with prostate cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Zhengsheng , Huang Qianhao , Ding Meixuan , Wang Tao , Chen Yuedong , Zhang Kaiyan
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common tumor in men globally. Its etiology has been attributed to multiple factors, including age and ethnicity, with family history identified as a significant risk factor. The role of family history in prostate cancer risk appears to be more extensive than previously thought, with evidence suggesting that prostate cancer and breast cancer may occur concurrently within families. BRCA2 mutations have been linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly in patients diagnosed with early-onset disease. It is estimated that BRCA2 mutations account for approximately 5% of familial prostate cancer cases. It is noteworthy that cases of prostate cancer in patients with BRCA2 mutations are rare in clinical practice. Here we report a case of prostatitis carcinoma with a mutation in the BRCA2 gene in a patient who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy for prostatitis carcinoma after medication was not effective. Genetic testing of him, his son, and his daughter showed that they all had mutations in this gene, and it is noteworthy that the type of BRCA2 mutation in his son has never been reported before, which is rare in clinical practice.
Transcriptomics-based anti-tuberculous mechanism of traditional Chinese polyherbal preparation NiuBeiXiaoHe intermediates
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Qianqian , Zhang Junxian , Wang Jie , Li Xiaojun , Liang Yan , Wu Xueqiong
Published: September 2024

Background

Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine is an effective method to treat tuberculosis (TB). In our previous research, traditional Chinese medicine preparation NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) achieved obvious anti-TB effects in animal experiments and clinical practice. However, the action mechanism of NBXH has not been elucidated.

Method

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected to extract mRNA and differentially expressed (DE) genes were obtained using gene microarray technology. Finally, GEO databases and RT-qPCR were used to verify the results of expression profile.

Result

After MTB infection, most upregulated DE genes in mice were immune-related genes, including cxcl9, camp, cfb, c4b, serpina3g, and ngp. Downregulated DE genes included lrrc74b, sult1d1, cxxc4, and grip2. After treatment with NBXH, especially high-dose NBXH, the abnormal gene expression was significantly corrected. Some DE genes have been confirmed in multiple GEO datasets or in pulmonary TB patients through RT-qPCR.

Conclusion

MTB infection led to extensive changes in host gene expression and mainly caused the host’s anti-TB immune responses. The treatment using high-dose NBXH partially repaired the abnormal gene expression, further enhanced the anti-TB immunity included autophagy and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and had a certain inhibitory effect on overactivated immune responses.
Long-term effects of siponimod on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Constantinescu Victor , Haase Rocco , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: September 2024

Background

Siponimod, a second-generation, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) 1 and 5 modulator, represents an important therapeutic choice for active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Besides the beneficial immunomodulatory effects, siponimod impacts cardiovascular function through S1PR1 modulation. Short-term vagomimetic effects on cardiac activity have proved to be mitigated by dose titration. However, long-term consequences are less known.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of siponimod on cardiac autonomic modulation in people with SPMS (pwSPMS).

Methods

Heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular hemodynamic parameters were evaluated using Multiple Trigonometric Regressive Spectral analysis in 47 pwSPMS before siponimod therapy and after one, three, six and 12 months of treatment. Autonomic activation tests (tilt test for the sympathetic and deep breathing test for the parasympathetic cardiac modulation) were performed at each examination.

Results

pwSPMS preserved regular cardiovascular modulation responses during the autonomic tests reflected in the variation of several HRV parameters, such as RMSSD, pNN50, total power of HRV, high-frequency and low-frequency bands of the spectral domain or hemodynamic vascular parameters (Cwk, Zao, TPR, MAP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In the long-term follow-up, RMSSD, pNN50, total power, BRS and CwK presented a significant decrease, underlining a reduction of the parasympathetic and a shift towards sympathetic predominance in cardiac autonomic modulation that tends to stabilise after 1 year of treatment.

Conclusion

Due to dose titration, the short-term effects of siponimod on cardiac autonomic modulation are mitigated. The long-term impact on cardiac autonomic modulation is similar to fingolimod. The autonomic activation tests showed normal cardiovascular responses during 1-year follow-up in pwSPMS, confirming the safety profile of siponimod. Further research on autonomic function could reveal whether the observed sympathetic activation is a compensatory response to S1P signaling intervention or a feature of the disease, while also shedding light on the role of S1PR modulation in MS.
Isoliensinine suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting TGFBR1 to regulate TGF-β-smad signaling pathways
Authors: Hu Jinda , Dai Shangming , Yuan Mengqin , Li Fengjiao , Xu Shuoguo , Gao Lichen
Published: September 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally, and its pronounced invasiveness and propensity to spread provide significant challenges for therapy. At present, there are no efficacious medications available for the treatment of patients with GC. Isoliensinine (ISO), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, was isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. It possesses anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other physiological effects. Nevertheless, there is currently no available study on the impact of ISO on GC, and further investigation is needed to understand its molecular mechanism.

Methods

ISO target points and GC-related genes were identified, and the cross-target points of ISO and GC were obtained. We then examined cross-targeting and found genes that were differentially expressed in GCs. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to screen target genes, and the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.9.1 were used to construct protein-protein interactions and drug-target networks. In addition, molecular docking studies confirmed the interactions between ISO screen targets. Finally, in vitro tests were used to establish the impact of ISO on GC cells.

Results

Through bioinformatics research, we have identified TGFBR1 as the target of ISO in GC. In addition, we noticed a substantial inhibition in GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activities following ISO treatment. Moreover, we noticed that ISO treatment effectively suppressed TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of the TGF-β-Smad pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that siTGFBR1 nullified the impact of ISO on TGF-β-triggered migration, invasion, and activation of the TGF-β-Smad pathway.

Conclusion

Our research suggests that ISO specifically targets TGFBR1 and regulates the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway to suppress the proliferation and migration of GC cells.
Medicinal plants diversity among the oromo community in heban-arsi district of Ethiopia used to manage human and livestock ailments
Authors: Nuro Geritu , Tolossa Ketema , Arage Mahlet , Giday Mirutse
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Medicinal plants are commonly employed mainly due their accessibility, affordability and potency. However, medicinal plants and the associated knowledge are disappearing at an alarming rate due to natural and anthropogenic causes and thus a need for their proper documentation conservation. This study was performed to document traditional knowledge related to use of medicinal plants in Heban-Arsi district, West-Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 185 informants to identify medicinal plants used in traditional therapies in the study area. Informant consensus factor (ICF), rank order priority (ROP) values were computed, and preference ranking exercises were performed to assess the relative importance of medicinal plants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to measure and compare medicinal plants knowledge between social groups.

Results

A total of 120 medicinal plants were identified for being used to treat different human and animal illnesses in the study area. Most of the medicinal plants (76.4%) were uncultivated ones obtained from different habitats. Leaf was the most frequently used plant part constituting 62.6% of preparations. Oral was the most commonly used route of remedy administration (46%) in treating diseases. Gastrointestinal ailments category had the highest ICF value (0.83). In the study area, the highest rank order priority (ROP) values were recorded for Dombeya torrida (J.F. Gmel.), Artemisia absinthium L., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Combretum pisoniiflorum Klotzsch) Engl., Celtis africana Burm. f, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lagenaria sp. for their uses against snake poison, tuberculosis, liver disorder, stomachache, tuberculosis, febrile illness and liver disorder, respectively, each scoring a value of 100. Significant differences in medicinal plant use knowledge were recorded between male and female informants of different educational level, age and experience. Anthropogenic factors were the primary threats to medicinal plants in the area.

Conclusion

The study area was found to be rich in medicinal plants that are useful in treating a wide range of human and animal illnesses. In future pharmacological and phytochemical investigations, priority needs to be given to medicinal plants of the highest ROP values and those that were reported against ailment categories scoring the highest ICF values.
Reconstructing the biological invasion of noxious invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus and invasion risk assessment in China
Authors: Zheng Huisen , Mao Xinjie , Lin Yi , Fu Keyi , Qi Zanyi , Wu Yongbin
Published: September 2024

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) present a severe threat to native ecosystems and biodiversity. Comprehending the potential distribution patterns of these plant invaders and their responses to climate change is essential. Parthenium hysterophorus, native to the Americas, has become an aggressively invasive species since its introduction to China in the 1930s. This study aims to collect and reconstruct the historical occurrence and invasion of P. hysterophorus. Using the optimal MaxEnt model, the potential geographical distributions of P. hysterophorus were predicted based on screened species occurrences and environmental variables under the current and three future scenarios in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s (i.e., SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5), and the invasion risk of P. hysterophorus in Chinese cities, croplands, forests, and grasslands was assessed. The results show that: (1) The species initially invaded highly suitable areas and further spread to regions with non-analogous climate conditions. (2) Under the current climatic conditions, the overall potential distribution of P. hysterophorus is characterized by more in the southeast and less in the northwest. Climate variables, including mean annual temperature (bio1), precipitation in the wettest month (bio13), isothermality (bio3), and temperature seasonality (bio4), are the primary factors influencing its distribution. (3) The potential distribution of P. hysterophorus will expand further under future climate scenarios, particularly toward higher latitudes. (4) Forests and crop lands are the areas with the most serious potential invasion risk of P. hysterophorus. Therefore, we suggest that the government should strengthen the monitoring and management of P. hysterophorus to prevent its spread and protect agro-ecosystems and human habitats. Depending on the potential risk areas, measures such as quarantine, removal, and publicity should be taken to mitigate the threat of P. hysterophorus invasion and to raise awareness of P. hysterophorus invasion prevention.
Genetic diversity, essential oil’s chemical constituents of aromatic plant Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. and its uses in crop protection: a review
Authors: Dossa Armel Frida , Fassinou Hotegni Nicodème V. , N’Danikou Sognigbé , Yayi-Ladekan Eléonore , Adjé Charlotte A. O. , Lagnika Latifou , Bokonon-Ganta Aimé H. , Achigan-Dako Enoch G.
Published: September 2024

This review provides evidence on the genetic diversity, chemical constituents, and ecotoxicology of Mesosphaerum suaveolens ‘ essential oil. It emphasizes the agricultural benefits such as crop protection effectiveness of the plant and highlights the existing knowledge gaps and research perspectives to promote its utilization in agriculture. A systematic and extensive review of the literature was done and all pertinent full-text articles and abstracts were analyzed and incorporated into the review. Mesosphaerum suaveolens is used traditionally in pharmacology to treat several diseases such as malaria, constipation, stomach problems, and renal inflammation. It also treats cramps, digestive infections, headaches, and skin infections. To date, very few studies have been conducted worldwide about its genetic diversity. These studies highlighted three morphological variants, the blue-flowering, the white-flowering, and the light-purple flowering M. suaveolens. Its wide biological actions may be attributed to the numerous groups of chemical constituents in its essential oil including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. Biological studies highlighted evidence of M. suaveolens being used as an antifungal, bactericidal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and repellent plant. The essential oil extracted from M. suaveolens showed significant potential for the control of agricultural pests such as Sitiophilus zeamais, Helicoverpa armigera and Helminthosporium oryzae. M. suaveolens is commonly used worldwide as a pesticidal plant in healthcare, agriculture, and food preservation. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the toxicity and effectiveness of isolated potent phytotoxic substances, the efficacy screening in the field, the genetic diversity, the essential oil yield, and productivity. Consequently, further studies are required to fill the knowledge gaps.
Unveiling the role of epigenetic mechanisms and redox signaling in alleviating multiple abiotic stress in plants
Authors: Shriti Surbhi , Bhar Anirban , Roy Amit
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic activities and subsequent global climate change instigate drastic crop productivity and yield changes. These changes comprise a rise in the number and severity of plant stress factors, which can arise simultaneously or sequentially. When abiotic stress factors are combined, their impact on plants is more substantial than that of a singleton stress factor. One such impact is the alteration of redox cellular homeostasis, which, in turn, can regulate downstream stress-responsive gene expression and resistance response. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression in response to varied stress factors is an interesting phenomenon, which, conversely, can be stable and heritable. The epigenetic control in plants in response to abiotic stress combinations and their interactions with cellular redox alteration is an emerging field to commemorate crop yield management under climate change. The article highlights the integration of the redox signaling pathways and epigenetic regulations as pivotal components in the complex network of plant responses against multi-combinatorial stresses across time and space. This review aims to lay the foundation for developing novel approaches to mitigate the impact of environmental stresses on crop productivity, bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical solutions in the face of a changing climate and anthropogenic disturbances.
Emerging psychosocial factors and work overload perceptions of Mexican university teachers and students working and studying from home during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Quezada Díaz Belem , Hindrichs Imke , Castellanos Simons Doris
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In Mexico, academic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic were conducted from home for over 2 years. Especially during the initial months of the pandemic, the lockdown conditions necessitated a reorganization and a new understanding of social dynamics. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of university students and teachers regarding emerging psychosocial factors that either encouraged or hindered work and/or study from home during confinement, as well as their perceptions of work overload. Furthermore, the differences between students and teachers in the studied variables were analyzed.

Method

A predominantly quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with 108 participants (42.6% university teachers; 57.4% graduate or postgraduate students) who filled out an online questionnaire encompassing two open-ended inductors to identify the positive and negative aspects of working or studying from home and their frequency of perceptions, the COVID-19 Work Overload from Home Scale (ESTC-COVID-19), and questions about the hours per day devoted to different activities. The open responses were categorized by two independent groups of the research team; the emerging categories were then consensually agreed upon and further transformed into dummy and continuous variables. These variables and the results of the ESTC-COVID-19 were analyzed with SPSS 19 using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the Chi-squared test, and Student's t-test. The results identified 9 positive and 10 negative emerging psychosocial factors attributed to at least 10% of the sample's open answers. In addition, work overload correlated negatively with the emerging factor of “Making better use of time” and positively with “Work, school, and/or domestic activities overload;” moreover, students perceived more work overload than teachers.

Discussion

Differences between students and teachers were observed in the following psychosocial factors: “Self-management,” “Comfort,” and “Enjoying home” (as positive factors) and “Domestic work” and “Interruptions, distractors, noise” (as negative factors), with students generally reporting more discomfort than teachers. The study analyzes these differences in relation to the demands and nature of the study and work activities undertaken by both groups, as well as the previous training of the skills and the resources required to carry them out.
The interconnection between social media addiction, alexithymia and empathy in medical students
Authors: Ursoniu Sorin , Bredicean Ana-Cristina , Serban Costela Lacrimioara , Rivis Ioana , Bucur Adina , Papava Ion , Giurgi-Oncu Catalina
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study explores whether high alexithymia values correlate with low levels of empathy, while also trying to identify potential connections with social media addiction.

Methods

We hypothesized that alexithymia mediates the relationship between social media addiction and empathy levels in a sample of undergraduate students. The study population consisted of 649 medical students in the 4th/5th/6th University year, recruited between March and May 2021. For this assessment, we employed three psychometric instruments: the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). A pathway analysis investigated alexithymia as a mediator between social media addiction and the degree of empathy in medical undergraduates. Sobel’s test and the Baron and Kenny approach were used for testing mediation.

Results

The TEQ total mean score was 48.76 ± 5.65, while the TAS-20 total mean score was 47.71 ± 11.49. Further analysis of the TAS-20 scale scores showed that 21.42% of students had possible alexithymia, while 14.02% had clear alexithymia. The SMAS-SF total mean score was 73.20 ± 14.59. None of the students reported levels consistent with major social media addiction. The mediated effect of the TAS-20 is about 1.3 times larger than the direct effect of the SMAS-SF on TEQ.

Discussion

We found a significant negative correlation between empathy and alexithymia in medical students. Alexithymia was a mediator between social media addiction and empathy. Therefore, we recommend further efforts to identify potential levels of alexithymia in medical students, in order to successfully develop tailored interventions aimed at increasing their emotional awareness.
Eye care service utilization and associated factors among adults in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Bekele Matiyas Mamo , Shumye Abebech Fikade , Tegegn Melkamu Temeselew
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Globally, the utilization of eye care services varies widely, ranging from 18 to 90%. Low utilization of eye care services can lead to delayed detection of vision problems. However, there are limited data on the proportion of eye care service utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia at the community level.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of eye care service utilization and its associated factors among adults in Debre Birhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.

Methods

Using a multistage sampling method, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 960 adults in Debre Birhan town from 8 May to 8 June 2023. Binary logistic regression was performed. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

A total of 940 study participants participated, resulting in a response rate of 97.9%. The mean age of the participants was 54.67 years (SD ± 8.69). The proportion of good-level eye care service utilization was found to be 32.98% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.97, 35.99]. Factors positively associated with good-level eye care service utilization included older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.00, 2.51], higher educational status (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.25, 4.06), high family monthly income (AOR = 8.70, 95%CI: 4.99,15.18), awareness of regular eye checkups (AOR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.15, 2.73), a history of eye disease (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI: 1.77,3.74), health insurance (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.95), and history of spectacle use (AOR = 1.94, 95%CI:1.34, 2.80).

Conclusion

The study revealed that the proportion of good-level eye care service utilization was low. Older age, higher educational status, high family monthly income, awareness of regular eye checkups, a history of eye disease, health insurance, and history of spectacle use were significantly associated with a good level of eye care service utilization.
Three-dimensional secondary reconstruction of mistreated zygomatic fractures using patient specific surgical guides and implants
Authors: Krasovsky Andrei , Hija Ahmad , Zeineh Nidal , Bilder Amir , Emodi Omri , Rachmiel Adi , Shilo Dekel
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The zygomatic bone has a great impact on the anterior and lateral projection of the midface as well as the proper position of the globe. Primary alignment of zygomatic fractures is very important as secondary reconstruction is far more challenging. Treatment of misaligned zygoma requires refracturing of the bone to allow for repositioning. Due to the great impact of the zygoma on the projection of the midface, a precise 3D realignment is of great importance. Technology nowadays develops rapidly and allows for superior results in many surgical fields. The use of patient specific surgical guides and fixation plates is becoming more abundant.

Methods

Using 3D segmentation and design software, we developed a sequence for using 3D planning and printing both for the refracturing stage, avoiding a coronal approach, and for precise repositioning and fixation of the zygoma in the new position.

Results

The method is described as well as a unique advanced 3D analysis, allowing for objectively assessing the results. Two cases are presented, including the design and post operative changes.

Discussion

Pre-op, planned and final positions were compared and showed exceptional accuracy allowing for the elimination of human errors which are common in a 3D sensitive procedure such as refracturing of the zygoma. This method can easily be applied to other secondary reconstruction procedures requiring realignment.