bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diamond‐Structured Fabric‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Healthcare Application
Authors: Ahmed Taosif , Gao Yuanyuan , So Mei Yi , Tan Di , Lu Jian , Zhang Junze , Wang Qian , Liu Xinlong , Xu Bingang
Published: August 2024

Wearable technology is experiencing remarkable progress, prompting the need for sustainable power sources like triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, integrating TENGs into fabrics and insufficient power outputs that allows for comfortable wear without obstructing user's movements presents a significant challenge. In this study, a novel kind of diamond‐structured fabric‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (DSF‐TENGs) is introduced utilizing an easy, economical, and scalable weaving method without any chemical modification. Owing to its 3D diamond pattern, surface interactions are enhanced for greater charge generation together with strengthened mechanical engagement for more effective charge transfer. The DSF‐TENG, with its unique self‐resilient structure, achieves impressive electric performance, including output voltage of ≈763 V, short‐circuit current of ≈20.4 µA, and power density of 2862.78 mW m−2, which is multiple times higher than most existing fabric‐based TENGs. It also offers excellent air permeability of 560 mm s−1, consistent electricity generation and sensing even after ten washing cycles, and incredible durability, withstanding over 30 000 cycles. Furthermore, DSF‐TENG is included in an insole that is capable of sensing gait patterns, walking speed, and fall detections of patients with Parkinson's disease. The remarkable power generation capabilities of DSF‐TENG indicate a strong potential for future developments in wearable electronics and healthcare applications.
Enhanced Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Activity on Fe/ZnO Nanoparticles via Tuning Intermediate Adsorption in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Bui Thanh Son , Ma Zhipeng , Yuwono Jodie A. , Kumar Priyank V. , O'Connell George E.P. , Peng Lingyi , Yang Yuwei , Lim Maggie , Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma C. , Amal Rose
Published: August 2024

The electrocatalytic recycling of waste nitrate (NO3RR) is a promising decentralized route for green ammonia synthesis. Nonetheless, it suffers from the competing hydrogen evolution reaction and the insufficient proton supply in high pH conditions. Herein, iron oxide nanoparticles anchored on ZnO is introduced as a strategy to enhance the water dissociation ability and proton transfer rate, advancing NH4+ production from alkaline NO3RR. Supported by a set of ex situ and in situ characterization, the findings reveal the reduction of iron oxides, along with improvements in charge transfer properties and proton generation from H2O. Theoretical calculations show that iron oxides reduce the kinetic barrier of the rate‐limiting step (*NO2‐to‐*NO2H) and result in a thermodynamically favorable process to hydrogenation steps, which in turn reduce the overall energy barrier of alkaline NO3RR. Optimal catalytic activity is realized with a Fe loading of 0.5 wt.%, delivering a Faradaic efficiency of ≈83% for ammonium with a NH4+ yield rate of 31 nmol s−1 cm−2 at −0.7 V versus RHE. The results pave the way for the utilization of bi‐metal interaction to tune the reaction pathway for achieving sustainable ammonium synthesis in alkaline, contributing to ongoing efforts to achieve a sustainable nitrogen cycle via N‐based electrochemistry.
Self‐Adhesive and Self‐Sustainable Bioelectronic Patch for Physiological Feedback Electronic Modulation of Soft Organs
Authors: Qian Lili , Jin Fei , Li Tong , Wei Zhidong , Ma Xiying , Zheng Weiying , Javanmardi Negar , Wang Zheng , Ma Juan , Lai Chengteng , Dong Wei , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi
Published: August 2024

Bionic electrical stimulation (Bio‐ES) aims to achieve personalized therapy and proprioceptive adaptation by mimicking natural neural signatures of the body, while current Bio‐ES devices are reliant on complex sensing and computational simulation systems, thus often limited by the low‐fidelity of simulated electrical signals, and failure of interface information interaction due to the mechanical mismatch between soft tissues and rigid electrodes. Here, the study presents a flexible and ultrathin self‐sustainable bioelectronic patch (Bio‐patch), which can self‐adhere to the lesion area of organs and generate bionic electrical signals synchronized vagal nerve envelope in situ to implement Bio‐ES. It allows adaptive adjustment of intensity, frequency, and waveform of the Bio‐ES to fully meet personalized needs of tissue regeneration based on real‐time feedback from the vagal neural controlled organs. With this foundation, the Bio‐patch can effectively intervene with excessive fibrosis and microvascular stasis during the natural healing process by regulating the polarization time of macrophages, promoting the reconstruction of the tissue‐engineered structure, and accelerating the repair of damaged liver and kidney. This work develops a practical approach to realize biomimetic electronic modulation of the growth and development of soft organs only using a multifunctional Bio‐patch, which establishes a new paradigm for precise bioelectronic medicine.
A Pressure‐Sensitive, Repositionable Bioadhesive for Instant, Atraumatic Surgical Application on Internal Organs
Authors: Nam Kum Seok , Kim Yeji , Park Geonho , Hwang Kiwook , Kim Minyoung , Chong Jooyeun , Jeon Jooik , Yang Congqi , Lu Yung Hsiang , Paniccia Christian , Choi Jeongwon , Kim Dong Geun , Lee Haeseung , Oh Seung Won , Kim Sanha , Rhyu Jae‐Wook , Kang Jiheong , Hyun Jung Keun , Karp Jeffrey M. , Lee Yuhan , Yuk Hyunwoo , Park Seongjun
Published: August 2024

Pressure‐sensitive adhesives are widely utilized due to their instant and reversible adhesion to various dry substrates. Though offering intuitive and robust attachment of medical devices on skin, currently available clinical pressure‐sensitive adhesives do not attach to internal organs, mainly due to the presence of interfacial water on the tissue surface that acts as a barrier to adhesion. In this work, a pressure‐sensitive, repositionable bioadhesive (PSB) that adheres to internal organs by synergistically combining the characteristic viscoelastic properties of pressure‐sensitive adhesives and the interfacial behavior of hydrogel bioadhesives, is introduced. Composed of a viscoelastic copolymer, the PSB absorbs interfacial water to enable instant adhesion on wet internal organs, such as the heart and lungs, and removal after use without causing any tissue damage. The PSB's capabilities in diverse on‐demand surgical and analytical scenarios including tissue stabilization of soft organs and the integration of bioelectronic devices in rat and porcine models, are demonstrated.
Self‐Growing Hydrogel Bioadhesives for Chronic Wound Management
Authors: Zheng Ziman , Chen Xingmei , Wang Yafei , Wen Ping , Duan Qingfang , Zhang Pei , Shan Liangjie , Ni Zhipeng , Feng Yinghui , Xue Yu , Li Xing , Zhang Lin , Liu Ji
Published: August 2024

Hydrogel bioadhesives have emerged as a promising alternative to wound dressings for chronic wound management. However, many existing bioadhesives do not meet the functional requirements for efficient wound management through dynamically mechanical modulation, due to the reduced wound contractibility, frequent wound recurrence, incapability to actively adapt to external microenvironment variation, especially for those gradually‐expanded chronic wounds. Here, a self‐growing hydrogel bioadhesive (sGHB) patch that exhibits instant adhesion to biological tissues but also a gradual increase in mechanical strength and interfacial adhesive strength within a 120‐h application is presented. The gradually increased mechanics of the sGHB patch could effectively mitigate the stress concentration at the wound edge, and also resist the wound expansion at various stages, thus mechanically contracting the chronic wounds in a programmable manner. The self‐growing hydrogel patch demonstrated enhanced wound healing efficacy in a mouse diabetic wound model, by regulating the inflammatory response, promoting the faster re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis through mechanical modulation. Such kind of self‐growing hydrogel bioadhesives have potential clinical utility for a variety of wound management where dynamic mechanical modulation is indispensable.
Shaking Up the Friedländer Reaction: Rapid, Scalable Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polyaryl‐Substituted Quinolines
Authors: Farajat Daliah , Do Jean‐Louis , Forgione Pat , Friščić Tomislav , Cuccia Louis A. , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: August 2024

Quinolines are ubiquitous heterocyclic aromatic scaffolds, which can be found in many natural and synthetic products. They are highly valued for their pharmacological and electrochemical properties, encouraging the discovery of new routes for quinoline synthesis and diversification. In particular, polyaryl‐substituted quinolines have recently surged as useful substrates for a wide variety of applications, yet their synthetic routes remain difficult and inefficient. Herein, we report a rapid and novel mechanochemical Friedländer synthesis of polyaryl‐substituted quinolines under basic conditions using ball milling. The optimized reaction conditions resulted in moderate to excellent yields ranging from 48% to >95% and demonstrated broad functional group tolerance at 1 hour reaction times. We further show a new route for the synthesis of photocatalyst DPQN2,4−di−OMe and photo‐ligand PPQN2,4−di−OMe as well as OLED donor‐acceptor pCzPPQ, electron transport material oligoquinoline TQB and organic semiconductor DPA. A gram scale reaction was also achieved using Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), providing an isolated yield of 87% after a simple recrystallization in ethanol.
Repurposing Sertraline for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Blocking Autophagic Flux and Inhibiting Tumor Proliferation
Authors: He Leping , Guo Xijun , Wang Wanrong , Xu Weifeng , Feng Xiaoli , Fu Yuanfeng , Tian Yuxi , He Zongmao , Luo Sulan , Bao Jiaolin , Ding Ren‐Bo
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. More than 30% of CRC patients will experience treatment failure and tumor recurrence after standard‐of‐care treatment. Therefore, it is important to discover new therapeutic regimens for treating CRC. Repurposing existing clinically used drugs into new anticancer agents represents a feasible way and has become increasingly popular. In this study, the aim is to investigate the anticancer effect of sertraline on CRC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. The data showed that sertraline exhibited a potent anticancer effect against CRC in vitro and in vivo. Sertraline inhibited Akt‐ and STAT3‐mediated cell proliferation but do not affect several programmed cell deaths in CRC, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and mitophagy. Meanwhile, sertraline induced autophagosome accumulation but blocked autophagic flux in CRC cells. Further investigations reveal that sertraline impeded late autophagic flux at the stage of autolysosomal degradation rather than autophagosome‐lysosomal fusion in CRC. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that sertraline synergistically sensitized chemotherapeutic agents against CRC. Overall, the study reveals the great potential of sertraline as a novel therapeutic candidate for CRC, which is worthy of further development in the future.
Integration of Vertical Graphene Onto a Tunnelling Cathode for Digital X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Jerng Sahng‐Kyoon , Hong Eunju , Lee Giwon , Lee Byungkee , Jeon Jae Ho , Kim Jinah , Chun Seung‐Hyun
Published: August 2024

As an alternative to thermionic X‐ray generators, cold‐cathode X‐ray tubes are being developed for portable and multichannel tomography. Field emission propagating from needle structures such as carbon nanotubes or Si tips currently dominates related research and development, but various obstacles prevent the widespread of this technology. An old but simple electron emission design is the planar tunnelling cathode using a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure, which achieves narrow beam dispersion and low supplying voltage. Directly grown vertical graphene (VG) is employed as the gate electrode of MOS and tests its potential as a new emission source. The emission efficiency of the device is initially ≈1% because of unavoidable fabrication damage during the patterning processes; it drastically improves to >40% after ozone treatment. The resulting emission current obeys the Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling model, and the enhanced emission is attributed to the effective gate thickness reduction by ozone treatment. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, a clustered array of 2140 cells is integrated into a system that provides mA‐class emission current for X‐ray generation. With pulsed digital excitations, X‐ray imaging of a chest phantom, demonstrating the feasibility of using a VG MOS electron emission source as a new and innovative X‐ray generator is realized.
Construction of Efficient Ru@NiMoCu Porous Electrode for High Current Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Bi Songhu , Geng Zhen , Yang Luyu , Zhao Linyi , Qu Chenxu , Gao Zijian , Jin Liming , Xue Mingzhe , Zhang Cunman
Published: August 2024

Alkaline water electrolysis is the promising technical pathway of large‐scale green hydrogen production. However, its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is hindered by the alkaline environment, leading to slow H2O splitting kinetics, especially for NiMoCu alloy catalysts which are considered potential alkaline HER catalysts. In this work, the Ru‐substrate modified NiMoCu20 porous electrode is designed by a continuous multistep electrodeposition method. It shows the good alkaline HER performance at the high current density of 1000 mA cm−2, which is attributed to the synergistic charge‐reconfiguration effects between Ru‐substrate and NiMoCu alloy by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ Raman spectra analysis. It indicates that the Ru‐substrate is capable of encouraging H‐OH* bond breakage and optimizing transition‐state H* adsorption. Further, the overall water electrolysis results of the alkaline water electrolysis cell (30 wt% KOH) at 70 °C show that it has good performance at the large current density of 1000 mA cm−2 with 2.05 V and good stability at 600 mA cm−2 up to 500 h. It provides the possibility of designing the high‐performance HER electrode from the view of industrial applications.
The Role of Self‐Assembled Monolayers in the Performance‐Stability Trade‐Off in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Han , Sharma Anirudh , Han Jianhua , Kirk Bradley P. , Alghamdi Amira R. , Xu Fuzong , Zhang Yongcao , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Hizalan Gonul , De Wolf Stefaan , Andersson Mats R. , Andersson Gunther G. , Baran Derya
Published: August 2024

In recent years, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been proven to work efficiently as hole‐selective materials in both organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells. Although competitive performances are reported with these materials, a mechanistic understanding on device stability remains elusive. This study reveals that while various SAM molecules can increase the indium tin oxide (ITO) work function versus vacuum, they may not consistently result in monolayers that ensure simultaneous improvement in performance and operational stability of devices. Energetically, achieving alignment between the work function of the SAM‐modified electrode and the ionization energy (IE) of the donor is shown to be crucial for a low hole injection barrier, irrespective of the SAM's IE. Light‐induced degradation in the widely used SAM, (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl) phosphonic acid (2PACz), is identified through diverse aging tests and comprehensive chemical and electronic characterizations. This degradation involves SAM molecule decomposition and chemical reactions with the photoactive layer, contributing further to device degradation. Addressing these challenges, sputtered nickel oxide/SAM bilayers are proposed as hole‐selective contact with tailored interface energetics for both efficient and photostable OSCs, offering a promising alternative to commonly used hygroscopic PEDOT:PSS in OSCs.
Synergistic Cu Single Atoms and MoS2‐Edges for Tandem Electrocatalytic Reduction of NO3− and CO2 to Urea
Authors: Du Wenyu , Sun Zeyi , Chen Kai , Wei Yichen , Bao Rui , Chu Ke
Published: August 2024

Urea electrosynthesis from co‐electrolysis of NO3− and CO2 (UENC) under ambient conditions is recognized as an appealing approach for effective and sustainable urea production, while it requires high‐efficiency UENC electrocatalysts to promote the C─N coupling and hydrogenation processes. Herein, single‐atom Cu anchored on MoS2 (Cu1‐MoS2) is explored as a highly active and selective UENC catalyst. Theoretical calculations and operando spectroscopic characterizations unveil the synergistic tandem catalysis of Cu1‐MoS2 for the UENC, where Cu single atoms trigger the early C─N coupling, while MoS2‐edges promote the key hydrogenation step of *CO2NH2 to *COOHNH2 for urea generation. Strikingly, Cu1‐MoS2 equipped in a flow cell achieves the excellent UENC performance with a maximum urea‐Faradaic efficiency of 57.02% at −0.6 V and the corresponding urea yield rate of 23.3 mmol h−1 g−1, surpassing nearly all previously reported UENC catalysts.
A general model for prediction of the CO2 equilibrium solubility in aqueous tertiary amine systems
Authors: Yu Cheng , Ling Hao , Shen Zhigang , Yang Hongyun , Cao Dapeng , Hu Xiayi
Published: August 2024

We have developed a general model to predict CO2 equilibrium solubility in aqueous tertiary amine solutions by relating the equilibrium constant (K1) to all relevant parameters in a logical function form. Testing our model, we measured CO2 equilibrium solubility data for N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) and N‐ethylmorpholine (NEM) across various conditions. Comparison with six existing models reveals our general model's superior predictive performance not only for NMM and NEM but also for an additional 10 tertiary amine solutions from literature, indicating its universality. Comprehensively considering the CO2 equilibrium solubility, amine dissociation constant (pKa) and the CO2 absorption heat, it is found that NMM and NEM may be promising desorption promoters enabling to reduce the energy cost. In short, it is expected the general model can be applied to more other tertiary amine systems.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Dual‐Catalysis Approach to Stereoselective [2+2] Cycloaddition of Erlenmeyer‐Plöchl Azlactones
Authors: Marra Isabella F. S. , Silva Larissa P. , De Castro Pedro P. , Flores Leonã S. , De Oliveira Kleber T. , De Souza Paulo E. N. , Neto Brenno A. D. , Dos Santos Hélio F. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: August 2024

Visible‐light‐driven dual catalysis was employed to stereoselectively produce densely substituted cyclobutanes from Erlenmeyer‐Plöchl azlactones. The single‐step preparation of non‐natural amino acid dimers containing the cyclobutane moiety was achieved through a synergy between iridium photocatalysis and catalytic nickel(II) triflate as a Lewis acid. The desired 1,2‐(zeta)‐Z,E‐isomers were isolated in good yields and with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity (in all cases, >19 : 1 d.r.). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of direct access to truxinic acid analogues using azlactones. Control experiments, EPR reaction monitoring, and DFT calculations suggest that the presence of a Lewis acid, combined with the use of powerful blue LEDs, plays a crucial role in the reactivity of this reaction.
In Situ Generation of Quinoliziniums for Dual Visible Light‐Induced Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Alkynylation and Peptide Modification
Authors: O Wa‐Yi , Tantipanjaporn Ajcharapan , Deng Jie‐Ren , Tang Rui , Ka‐Yan Kung Karen , Sit Hoi‐Yi , Nathanael Lai Chun‐Him , Wong Man‐Kin
Published: August 2024

A new approach of dual visible light‐induced gold(III)‐catalyzed alkynylation and its application in selective modification of alkyne‐linked peptides has been developed. The bis‐cyclometalated gold(III) complex exhibited dual roles of (1) in situ generation of quinolizinium‐based photosensitizer (λem=500 – 594 nm) and (2) alkynylation of iminium ions. Under optimized conditions, alkynylated products were afforded in good yields up to 73 %. The application of this strategy in selective modification of alkyne‐linked peptides gave modified peptides in up to 67 % conversion. Our dual visible light/gold(III) catalysis exemplifies the potential of merging photocatalysis and transition metal catalysis to develop novel bioconjugation.
Advancing primate surveillance with image recognition techniques from unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: He Gang , Zhang Xiao , Wang Jie , Xu Pengfei , Hou Xiduo , Dong Wei , Lei Yinghu , Jin Xuelin , Wang Weifeng , Tian Wenyong , Huang Yan , Li Desheng , Qin Tianyu , Wang Jing , Pan Ruliang , Li Baoguo , Guo Songtao
Published: August 2024

Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveys on thermostatic animals has gained prominence due to their ability to provide practical and precise dynamic censuses, contributing to developing and refining conservation strategies. However, the practical application of UAVs for animal monitoring necessitates the automation of image interpretation to enhance their effectiveness. Based on our past experiences, we present the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) as a case study to illustrate the effective use of thermal cameras mounted on UAVs for monitoring monkey populations in Qinling, a region characterized by magnificent biodiversity. We used the local contrast method for a small infrared target detection algorithm to collect the total population size. Through the experimental group, we determined the average optimal grayscale threshold, while the validation group confirmed that this threshold enables automatic detection and counting of target animals in similar datasets. The precision rate obtained from the experiments ranged from 85.14% to 97.60%. Our findings reveal a negative correlation between the minimum average distance between thermal spots and the count of detected individuals, indicating higher interference in images with closer thermal spots. We propose a formula for adjusting primate population estimates based on detection rates obtained from UAV surveys. Our results demonstrate the practical application of UAV‐based thermal imagery and automated detection algorithms for primate monitoring, albeit with consideration of environmental factors and the need for data preprocessing. This study contributes to advancing the application of UAV technology in wildlife monitoring, with implications for conservation management and research.
Silylene‐Copper‐Amide Emitters: From Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence to Dual Emission
Authors: Ghosh Moushakhi , Chatterjee Joy , Panwaria Prakash , Kudlu Ashwath , Tothadi Srinu , Khan Shabana
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report the inaugural instance of N‐heterocyclic silylene (NHSi)‐coordinated copper amide emitters (2–5). These complexes exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and singlet‐triplet dual emission in anaerobic conditions. The NHSi‐Cu‐diphenylamide (2) complex demonstrates TADF with a very small ΔEST gap (0.01 eV), an absolute quantum yield of 11 %, a radiative rate of 2.55×105 s−1, and a short τTADF of 0.45 μs in the solid state. The dual emissive complexes (3–5) achieve an absolute quantum yield of up to 20 % in the solid state with a kISC rate of 1.82×108 s−1 and exhibit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with lifetimes up to 9 ms. The gradual decrease in the intensity of the triplet state of complex 3 under controlled oxygen exposure demonstrates its potential for future oxygen‐sensing applications. Complexes 2 and 3 have been further utilized to fabricate converted LEDs, paving the way for future OLED production using newly synthesized NHSi‐Cu‐amides.
Multimode Luminescence Tailoring in PMA4Na(In,Sb)Cl8 Organic–inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide via Rigid Benzene Ring Induced Local Lattice Distortion
Authors: Yang Wei , Dang Peipei , Zhang Guodong , Liu Dongjie , Wang Yingsheng , Wei Yi , Lian Hongzhou , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: August 2024

Low dimensional organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide materials have attracted extensive attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) caused by parity‐forbidden transition hinder their further application in optoelectronic devices. Herein, a novel yellow‐emitting PMA4Na(In,Sb)Cl8 (C7H10N+, PMA+) low‐dimensional OIMHs single crystal with a PLQY as high as 88 % was successfully designed and synthesized, originating from the fact that the doping of Sb3+ effectively relaxes the parity‐forbidden transition by strong spin‐orbit (SO) coupling and Jahn‐Teller (JT) interaction. The as‐prepared crystal shows an efficient dual emission peaking 495 and 560 nm at low temperature, which are ascribed to different levels of 3P1→1S0 transitions of Sb3+ in [SbCl6]3− octahedral caused by JT deformation. Moreover, wide‐range luminescence tailoring from cyan to orange can be achieved through adjusting excitation energy and temperature because of flexible [SbCl6]3− octahedral in the PNIC lattice. Based on a relative stiff lattice environment, the 560 nm yellow emission under 350 nm light excitation exhibits abnormal anti‐thermal quenching from 8 to 400 K owing to the suppression of non‐radiative transition. The multimode luminescence regulation enriches PMA4Na(In,Sb)Cl8 great potential in the field of optoelectronics such as temperature sensing, low temperature anti‐counterfeiting and WLED applications.
Synergistic Photoredox/Palladium Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Carboxylation of Racemic Heterobiaryl (Pseudo)Halides with CO2
Authors: Ye Bihai , Su Lei , Zheng Kaiting , Gao Shen , Liu Jiawang
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report a synergistic photoredox/palladium catalytic system for the efficient enantioconvergent synthesis of axially chiral esters from racemic heterobiaryl (pseudo)halides (bromides/triflates) with CO2 and alkyl bromides under mild conditions. A wide range of axially chiral esters were obtained in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed mechanistic studies unveiled that the ratio of photocatalyst and palladium catalyst exhibited significant impact on the chemo‐ and enantioselectivities of the reaction. Kinetic studies and control experiments supported the proposed mechanism involving cascade asymmetric carboxylation followed by SN2 substitution. The achievement of high enantioselectivity relies not only on the choice of synergistic metallaphotoredox catalysts but also on the utilization of alkyl bromides, which trap the generated chiral carboxylic anions in situ, thus preventing their immediate racemization.
Improving the compatibility of polylactic acid/polycarbonate blends with nanoclay and Joncryl as chain extenders
Authors: Khojasteh‐Khosro Saeed , Shalbafan Ali , Thoemen Heiko
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to optimize the compatibility and performance of PLA/PC blends by investigating the effects of Cloisite 20A nanoclay (NC) and Joncryl chain extender (CE). PLA/PC blends with varying NC and CE loadings were prepared, and the optimal formulation was identified. The optimal NC and CE content were then used to produce PLA/PC blends with varying PC ratios. The test specimens were produced by mixing the mixture in a twin‐screw micro compounder and subsequent injection molding into dog bone specimens to investigate the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the blends. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the immiscibility of the unmodified blend, but significant improvements in blend morphology were observed with high NC/CE ratios. The presence of NC/CE resulted in reduced droplet size of dispersed PC phase and a new intermediate glass transition temperature (Tg) in DMA, suggesting partial miscibility. The highest thermal stability improvement was achieved with 5 wt% NC alone or a combination of 5 wt% NC and 1 wt% CE. Composites containing NC/CE showed the most significant improvements in composite properties, demonstrating their effectiveness as compatibilizers and improved compatibility in PLA/PC blends. These results indicate that the use of NC/CE is a promising method for expanding the applicability of PLA/PC blends.
Adaptive learning control for group consensus tracking of discrete nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Gao Qianhui , Li Jinsha , Li Junmin
Published: August 2024

In this article, we explore the group output tracking consensus problem for discrete‐time strict‐feedback
‐order nonlinear multiagent systems that run repeatedly on finite time
. A novel distributed adaptive iterative learning group consensus protocol is designed, which consists of two main components. The first component is based on time‐varying neural networks, which is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear function in the
‐step ahead predictor. In general, not all followers can access the information regarding the leader, which complicates the design of iterative learning protocols for MASs. Therefore, the second component of the protocol addresses this challenge by treating the leader's output as a time‐varying parameter and designing a time‐varying auxiliary term to compensate the leader's output information. Parameter updating laws and initial state learning laws are also proposed via the cooperative‐competitive relationship between the agents. We demonstrate the group consensus with sufficient small errors can be achieved at time
, as the number of iterations proceed to infinity. Then, the results are extended to the case of multisubgroups and multileaders. Finally, two simulations validate the findings of this article.
Discrete‐time Pontryagin maximum principle under rate constraints: Necessary conditions for optimality
Authors: Ganguly Siddhartha , Das Souvik , Chatterjee Debasish , Banavar Ravi
Published: August 2024

Limited bandwidth and limited saturation in actuators are practical concerns in control systems. Mathematically, these limitations manifest as constraints imposed on the control actions, their rates of change, and, more generally, the global behavior of their paths. While the problem of actuator saturation has been studied extensively, little attention has been devoted to the problem of actuators having limited bandwidth. While attempts have been made in the direction of incorporating frequency constraints on state‐action trajectories before, rate constraints on the control at the design stage have not been studied extensively in the discrete‐time regime. This article contributes toward filling this lacuna: We establish a new discrete‐time Pontryagin maximum principle withrate constraintsimposed on the control trajectories and derive first‐order necessary conditions for optimality. A brief discussion on the existence of optimal control is also included.
A Review on the Role of Hydrogen Bonds in Organic Electrode Materials
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Zhao Yuxuan , Xu Xinlei , Gao Weizhe , Zhang Qichun , Huang Weiwei
Published: August 2024

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) hold significant development potential in the field of batteries and are regarded as excellent complementary materials to resource‐limited inorganic electrode materials, which have recently been the subject of extensive research. As research deepens, an increasing number of scholars recognize the influence of weak bond interactions on the properties of OEMs. Generally, weak bond interactions have more pronounced effects on organic materials compared to inorganic ones. Among various weak interactions, hydrogen bonds are particularly noteworthy, having been proven to play crucial roles in adjusting electrode charge distribution, stabilizing crystal structures, and inhibiting cyclic dissolution. The studies of hydrogen bonds in OEMs are therefore of paramount importance for guiding their future development. In this review, we primarily summarize the research progress in hydrogen bond science within OEMs and discuss future research directions and development prospects in this area. Hoping to provide valuable references for the advancement of OEMs.
Off–On fluorescent benzothiazole‐fused coumarin for sensitive detection of nitroreductases and hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Yoo Song Yi , Kim Na Yoon , Lee Min Hee
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitroreductases (NTR) are key biological reductants, with H2S acting as a key signaling molecule and NTR reducing nitro groups to amines in cellular metabolism. Visualizing these reducing components, often overexpressed in cancer cells or bacterial environments, is crucial for metabolic understanding. Existing fluorescent probes detect these individually, but simultaneous detection methods are unexplored. We designed probe 1, which shows high fluorescence only when both NTR and H2S are overexpressed. The probe transformed into benzothiazole‐fused coumarin by NTR, exhibiting fluorescence, and shows a stronger signal in the presence of both NTR and H2S, making it a potential tool for detecting their simultaneous overexpression.
Evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling among Latinas in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Cora‐Cruz Marisol S. , Martinez Omar , Perez Sophia , Fang Carolyn Y.
Published: August 2024

Background

Latinas experience the greatest cervical cancer incidence compared with other ethnic/racial groups in the United States (US) due in part to significant disparities in screening uptake. Social and structural conditions that impede access to and participation in screening include language barriers, concerns about documentation status, logistical issues (e.g., transportation, limited clinic hours), and cultural beliefs regarding modesty and promiscuity. To overcome these challenges, self‐sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing has emerged as a potentially promising method for promoting cervical cancer screening among this population. Thus, this systematic review aimed to assess the acceptability of HPV self‐sampling among US Latinas.

Methods

Using EBSCOhost and PubMed databases, we searched for studies published in the past two decades (2003–2023) that described participation in HPV self‐sampling among Latinas. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria.

Results

The majority of studies were conducted in Florida, California, and Puerto Rico, were single‐arm designs, and involved the use of community health workers and Spanish‐language materials (e.g., brochures). Across studies, the majority of participants reported that self‐sampling was acceptable with respect to ease of use, comfort (lack of pain), privacy, and convenience; however, some women were concerned about the accuracy of self‐sampling or whether they had performed sample collection correctly.

Conclusion

Given the high acceptability, self‐collection of cervicovaginal samples for HPV testing may offer a feasible option for enhancing participation in cervical cancer screening in this population that encounters significant barriers to screening.
NRBP1 promotes malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma by regulating PI3K/Akt activation
Authors: Zhang Anli , Peng Shichao , Sun Sibai , Ye Shan , Zhao Ye , Wu Qiang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive of intracranial gliomas. Despite the maximal treatment intervention, the median survival rate is still about 14–16 months. Nuclear receptor‐binding protein 1 (NRBP1) has a potential growth‐promoting role on biology function of cells. In this study, we investigated whether NRBP1 promotes GBM malignant phenotypes and the potential mechanisms.

Methods

The correlation between NRBP1 and glioma grade, prognosis in TCGA/CGGA databases and our clinical data were analyzed. Next, we conducted knockout and overexpression of NRBP1 on GBM cells to verify that NRBP1 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we detected the impact of NRBP1 on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and EMT.

Results

There was a correlation between elevated NRBP1 expression and advanced stage glioma, as well as decreased overall and disease‐free survival. The suppression of proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells was observed upon NRBP1 knockout, and in vitro studies also demonstrated the induction of apoptotic cell death. Whereas, its overexpression is associated with high multiplication rate, migration, invasion, and apoptotic escape. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis revealed that NRBP1 regulated differentially expressed gene clusters are involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, as well as EMT mediated by this pathway. Moreover, the effects of NRBP1 knockdown and overexpression on GBM were mitigated by MK‐2206 and SC79, both of which respectively function as an inhibitor and an activator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Similarly, the suppression of NRBP1 led to a decrease in tumor growth, whereas its overexpression promoted tumor growth in a mouse model.

Conclusions

This study shows that NRBP1 promotes malignant phenotypes in GBM by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Hence, it can function as both a predictive indicator and a new target for therapies in GBM treatment.
A comprehensive study evaluating germline FANCG variants in predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Soukupova Jana , Stastna Barbora , Kanwal Madiha , Hojny Jan , Zemankova Petra , Borecka Marianna , Cerna Leona , Cerna Marta , Cerna Monika , Curtisova Vaclava , Dolezalova Tatana , Duskova Petra , Foretova Lenka , Havranek Ondrej , Horackova Klara , Hovhannisyan Milena , Hruskova Lucie , Chvojka Stepan , Janatova Marketa , Janikova Maria , Jelinkova Sandra , Just Pavel , Kalousova Marta , Kleiblova Petra , Kosarova Marcela , Koudova Monika , Kral Jan , Krausova Michaela , Krutilkova Vera , Machackova Eva , Matejkova Katerina , Michalovska Renata , Nehasil Petr , Nemcova Barbora , Novotny Jan , Palek Matous , Pesek Pavel , Safarikova Marketa , Scheinost Ondrej , Springer Drahomira , Stolarova Lenka , Stranecky Viktor , Subrt Ivan , Tavandzis Spiros , Tureckova Eva , Vesela Kamila , Vlckova Zdenka , Vocka Michal , Zima Tomas , Macurek Libor , Kleibl Zdenek ,   the CZECANCA consortium
Published: August 2024

Background

Monoallelic germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in five Fanconi anemia (FA) genes (BRCA1/FANCS, BRCA2/FANCD1, PALB2/FANCN, BRIP1/FANCJ, and RAD51C/FANCO) confer an increased risk of breast (BC) and/or ovarian (OC) cancer, but the role of GPVs in 17 other FA genes remains unclear.

Methods

Here, we investigated the association of germline variants in FANCG/XRCC9 with BC and OC risk.

Results

The frequency of truncating GPVs in FANCG did not differ between BC (20/10,204; 0.20%) and OC (8/2966; 0.27%) patients compared to controls (6/3250; 0.18%). In addition, only one out of five tumor samples showed loss‐of‐heterozygosity of the wild‐type FANCG allele. Finally, none of the nine functionally tested rare recurrent missense FANCG variants impaired DNA repair activities (FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation) upon DNA damage, in contrast to all tested FANCG truncations.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that heterozygous germline FANCG variants are unlikely to contribute to the development of BC or OC.
Exploring the association between metabolic syndrome, its components and subsequent cancer incidence: A cohort study in Catalonia
Authors: López‐Jiménez Tomàs , Plana‐Ripoll Oleguer , Duarte‐Salles Talita , Recalde Martina , Bennett Matthew , Xavier‐Cos Francesc , Puente Diana
Published: August 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged as a significant global health concern. The relationship between MS and the risk of cancer doesn‘t seem clear, whether examining by components or in combination. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between MS, its components, and the overall risk of cancer, including the risk of 13 specific cancer types.

Methods

We included 3,918,781 individuals aged 40 years or older sourced from the SIDIAP database between 2008 and 2017. Cox models were employed with MS components and their combinations. A subsample was created using a matched cohort (by age and sex). Incidence curves were computed to determine the time elapsed between the date of having 1–5 MS components and cancer incidence, compared to matched participants with no MS components, which showed that individuals who had one MS component experienced a greater incidence of cancer over 5 and 10 years than individuals with no MS, and the incidence rose with an increase in the number of MS components.

Results

Individuals exposed to MS components were diagnosed with cancer earlier than those who were not exposed to them. In the Cox model, HDL (HR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.41–1.52) and Glycemia (HR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.37–1.44) were the individual combinations with the highest risk of overall cancer. In combinations with two components, the highest HR was HDL+Glycemia (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.45–1.59) and Glycemia+HBP (HR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.45–1.50). In combinations with three components, the highest HR was HDL+Glycemia+HBP (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.55–1.62).

Conclusion

In summary, having one or more MS components raises the risk of developing at least 11 cancer types and these risk differ according to type of component included. Some sex differences are also observed. Our findings suggest that implementing prevention measures aimed at specific MS components may lower the risk of various cancer types.
Metastatic sinonasal malignancies of colorectal origin: Case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Rothka Andrew J. , Goldrich David , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Primary adenocarcinomas represent a small percentage of sinonasal malignancies. Metastasis of colorectal malignancies to the paranasal sinuses is rare, poorly understood, and typically fatal. This case documents an unusual source of metastatic sinonasal malignancy and offers comparison to a cohort of similar patients found in the literature.
Apert syndrome in a newborn with premature fusion of skull bones, a rostral nose, and cleft palate: A case report
Authors: Faraji Navid , Goli Rasoul , Atharifar Reza , Shahmirza Noushin
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case details a term neonate with Apert syndrome, featuring webbed digits, FGFR2 mutations, skull bone fusion, a rostral nose, and cleft palate. The neonate displayed acrocephaly, a flat skull back, a prominent forehead, and syndactyly, confirming Apert syndrome. It emphasizes the need for early recognition and intervention.
The Catalytic Mechanisms and Design Strategies of Noble Metal Catalysts for Selective Reduction of NOx with CO
Authors: Chen Mohaoyang , Lian Dianxing , Wang Huanli , Liu Yan , Liu Yaqi , Li Chenxi , Dai Guiyao , Liu Botao , Hou Shujun , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Ke , Ji Yongjun
Published: August 2024

The selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO (CO‐SCR) is a viable method for simultaneously mitigating NOx and CO emissions in motor vehicle exhaust and industrial flue gases. Extensive research has been conducted on noble metal catalysts because of their superior catalytic activity and stability compared to non‐noble metals. Noble metal catalysts demonstrate efficient NOx conversion and high selectivity for N2. However, achieving high conversion, selectivity, and stability over a wide temperature range in the presence of excess O2, H2O, and SO2 remains a significant challenge. This review summarizes recent advancements in CO‐SCR over noble metal catalysts, providing insights for the development of CO‐SCR catalysts. This paper first examines the reaction mechanisms of CO‐SCR, followed by a discussion on the design and optimization strategies of noble metal catalysts, with a focus on composition and structural effects. This includes creating active metal sites, selecting appropriate supports, integrating catalytic additives, choosing monometallic nanoparticles, alloying, and using single‐atom catalysts. Finally, remaining challenges and potential avenues for future research have been suggested. The discovery of negatively charged noble metal single‐atom‐site catalysts presents new research opportunities.
Upcycling Plastic Waste into Valuable Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Chi Ling , Omar Shaikh Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The global issue of plastic waste accumulation is now widely acknowledged as a significant environmental challenge that affects all aspects of life, economies, and natural ecosystems worldwide. Hence, it is crucial to develop sustainable solutions to traditional disposal methods. One promising solution involves upcycling plastic waste into valuable carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers, among others. This critical review provides an overview of the problems associated with plastics, including their various types and properties, as well as their significant impact on the environment and the methods currently employed for waste management. Furthermore, it delves into recent advancements in upcycling plastic waste into carbon nanomaterials through four state‐of‐the‐art methods with the potential for scaling up and enabling industrial applications: thermal decomposition, flash joule heating (FJH), chemical vapor decomposition (CVD), and stepwise conversion. For each method, highly influential and seminal papers were selected, and their research approaches and observed results were thoroughly analysed. This upcycling approach transforms plastic waste into valuable resources, promoting a waste‐to‐value concept that reduces environmental impact and supports the circular economy. By creating new materials from discarded plastics, it addresses waste management challenges while generating economic value.
Intelligent botnet detection in IoT networks using parallel CNN‐LSTM fusion
Authors: Jiang Rongrong , Weng Zhengqiu , Shi Lili , Weng Erxuan , Li Hongmei , Wang Weiqiang , Zhu Tiantian , Li Wuzhao
Published: August 2024

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of terminal devices is rapidly growing and at the same time, their security is facing serious challenges. For the industrial control system, there are challenges in detecting and preventing botnet. Traditional detection methods focus on capturing and reverse analyzing the botnet programs first and then parsing the extracted features from the malicious code or attacks. However, their accuracy is very low and their latency is relatively high. Moreover, they sometimes even cannot recognize the unknown botnets. The machine learning based detection methods rely on manual feature engineering and have a weak generalization. The deep learning‐based methods mostly rely on the system log, which does not take into account the multisource information such as traffic. To address the above issues, from the perspective of the botnet features, this paper proposes an intelligent detection method over parallel CNN‐LSTM, integrating the spatial and temporal features to identify botnets. Experimental demonstrate that the accuracy, recall, and F1‐score of our proposed method achieve up to over 98%, and the precision, 97.8%, is not the highest but reasonable. It reveals compared with the existing start‐of‐the‐art methods, our proposed method outperforms in the botnet detection. Our methodology's strength lies in its ability to harness the multifaceted information present in IoT traffic, offering a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis. The parallel CNN‐LSTM architecture ensures that spatial and temporal data are processed concurrently, preserving the integrity of the information and enabling a more robust detection mechanism. The result is a detection system that not only performs exceptionally well in a controlled environment but also holds promise for real‐world application, where the rapid and accurate identification of botnets is paramount.