bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemia de covid-19 e população LGBTI+. ( In)visibilidades dos impactos sociais
Authors: Santana Alef Diogo da Silva , Melo Lucas Pereira de
Published: June 2021

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é refletir criticamente sobre os impactos sociais da pandemia de covid-19 e as medidas de enfrentamento no cotidiano de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transgênero, Intersexuais e outras identidades (LGBTI+) no contexto brasileiro. Inicialmente é realizado um resgate histórico das necessidades sociais e de saúde que pessoas LGBTI+, evidenciando a importância da compreensão da LGBTIfobia como um determinante social da saúde, além de retomar alguns marcos que resultaram na criação e implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT. A partir disso considera-se como algumas vulnerabilidades são potencializadas com a emergência da pandemia e se mostram enlaçadas por estruturas de poder e iniquidades sociais. Por fim, algumas recomendações são aventadas, tendo em vista o caráter generalizado da covid-19.
“Sé que me cortaron, pero lo olvidé inmediatamente cuando te vi”. La violencia obstétrica como un nuevo marco para dotar de inteligibilidad las memorias y experiencias de los partos en la argentina reciente
Authors: Abdala Leila
Published: June 2021

Resumen El artículo problematiza la categoría violencia obstétrica a partir de la emergencia de un cuadro moral/cognitivo de referencia que permite establecer el significado de la violencia en ciertas prácticas obstétricas vinculadas al parto. Se sostiene que las memorias y experiencias de los partos de las mujeres cis están siendo reconfiguradas a partir de la emergencia de una arena pública vinculada al derecho al parto humanizado en un contexto de construcción de la violencia de género como problema público en la Argentina reciente. En primer lugar, se retoman claves conceptuales del feminismo y la antropología de la reproducción para abordar a la violencia en términos analíticos. A continuación, se describe la emergencia de una arena pública vinculada a la disputa por el parto humanizado, y retoma la categoría de injusticia hermenéutica (Fricker, 2017) para problematizar la construcción de un nuevo marco cognitivo que dota de inteligibilidad las memorias y experiencias de los partos de mujeres cis. A modo de cierre, se señalan algunos sesgos cissexistas que reproducen las normativas y los colectivos por la humanización del parto.
“EU TENTO NÃO ME ESCONDER, NUNCA”: estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais gays e lésbicas para minimizar os estigmas sexuais nos espaços de trabalho
Authors: Antunes Camila Veloso , Versiani Fernanda , Santos Carolina Mota , Carvalho Neto Antonio
Published: June 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as estratégias utilizadas por gays e lésbicas para evitar ou minimizar o estigma nos espaços de trabalho. Para tanto, baseia-se no conceito de estigma proposto por Goffman (1988). O método adotado foi o estudo de caso único. Foram realizadas entrevistas em 12 empresas localizadas no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Ao todo, 15 profissionais foram entrevistados. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi entrevista semiestruturada individual. Os resultados indicam que gays e lésbicas utilizam principalmente estratégias de acobertamento do estigma sexual. Eles preferem revelar a sua homossexualidade e lidar com as tensões geradas nas interações sociais, ao invés de ocultar tal informação. As estratégias encontradas foram: sinalização (deslizes intencionais); normalização (negam a existência do estigma sexual); e diferenciação (assumem a diferença e lutam contra o estigma sexual).
Oficiais enfermeiros no hospital militar no ano de 1995
Authors: Abreu Marcleyde Silva de Azevedo , Almeida Filho Antonio José de , Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida , Bittencourt Raquel Castanheira , Almeida Margareth Teixeira de Souza de , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco
Published: June 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar a lotação e distribuição da primeira turma de oficiais enfermeiros, ao término do Curso de Formação de Oficiais, com a patente de 2º Tenente, no Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1995. Método estudo histórico em fontes documentais escritas e orais produzidas por meio de 19 entrevistas, sendo 18 oficiais enfermeiros e um civil. Os conceitos de poder simbólico e capital de Pierre Bourdieu consubstanciaram a análise dos achados. Resultados a classificação obtida no curso de formação de oficiais e a experiência profissional, embora com menor peso, foram preponderantes na distribuição nos setores do hospital. Considerações finais e implicações para prática os critérios de antiguidade da vida militar influenciaram na configuração da equipe de enfermagem no hospital militar. Destaca-se que a ocupação das chefias pelos oficiais enfermeiros foi determinada pelo capital incorporado no estágio probatório, o qual foi institucionalizado pela patente.
Estágio curricular supervisionado de enfermagem em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt , Silva Rosana Maria Oliveira , Cordeiro Ana Lúcia Arcanjo Oliveira , Teixeira Giselle Alves da Silva
Published: June 2021

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre os atos administrativos do Ministério da Educação do Brasil relacionados ao Estágio Curricular Supervisionado na área da saúde durante a pandemia do COVID-19 e as repercussões na enfermagem. Método estudo com abordagem teórico - reflexivo, com base na literatura sobre Estágio Curricular Supervisionado no Brasil, tendo como referencial oito portarias governamentais na área da educação que se apresentam como medidas resolutivas para o enfrentamento aos desafios do contexto da pandemia. Resultados foram explicitadas as intencionalidades subjacentes aos atos administrativos do Ministério da Educação, as lacunas, fragilidades e desafios na realidade do Estágio Curricular frente aos cenários das práticas de ensino no contexto da pandemia e as possibilidades de atividades remotas. Considerações finais e repercussões para a prática espera-se que as mudanças, incertezas e desafios, destacados neste estudo, despertem cautela na tomada de decisão e condução de alternativas de adequações para o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado em enfermagem no contexto de pandemia e no percurso pós-pandemia.
Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP. Algae, 46: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae)
Authors: Lehmkuhl Elton Augusto , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP. Algae 46: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae). O levantamento florístico da família Bacillariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) foi realizado para a área do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil, com base em 28 unidades amostrais. O exame do material do ponto de vista morfológico foi realizado ao microscópio óptico após oxidação e confecção de lâminas permanentes. Quatro gêneros, 27 espécies e três variedades que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies foram identificados. Nove desses táxons foram registrados pioneiramente para o Estado de São Paulo [Nitzschia acicularis Hustedt, N. acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, N. clausii Hantzsch, N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst, N. intermedia Hantzsch, N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow, N. subacicularis Hustedt, Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara e T. victoriae Grunow] e dois para o Brasil [Grunowia solgensis (Cleve-Euler) Aboal e N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. borneensis Kützing]. Todo material foi identificado com base em amostras populacionais, descrito através de suas características morfológicas e medidas e ilustrado por fotomicrografias.
Do sonho à realização: pedagogia empreendedora, empresariamento da educação e racionalidade neoliberal
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Klaus Viviane , Loureiro Carine Bueira
Published: June 2021

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, as reformas educacionais têm se baseado cada vez mais na lógica do mercado e na norma neoliberal de um sujeito autorregulado, flexível e empreendedor. No Brasil, a partir de diversas parcerias público-privadas, difundiu-se a chamada “pedagogia empreendedora”, que procura utilizar o dispositivo escolar para disseminar a cultura do empreendedorismo entre crianças e jovens. Informada pela racionalidade econômica neoliberal, essa forma pedagógica sustenta que a adoção de uma atitude empreendedora em todas as esferas da vida é a chave para realizar objetivos como autorrealização, bem-estar material e satisfação pessoal. De acordo com essa lógica, para se adaptar a uma economia em contínua mudança e cada vez mais competitiva, é necessário que o indivíduo aprenda a ser autor e protagonista de sua própria vida, responsabilizando-se pelo aprendizado permanente das competências e habilidades demandadas pelo mercado. Para realizar este ensaio, consideramos estudos sobre a pedagogia empreendedora no Brasil, além de programas específicos e parcerias público-privadas, tendo como sustentação a teoria social contemporânea. Os resultados encontrados não têm como intenção representar a totalidade de ações na área da educação empreendedora no Brasil, mas apontar a disseminação do empreendedorismo como um modelo normativo que incita o sujeito a se conceber como uma empresa e a aceitar riscos, segundo uma racionalidade atuarial, que responsabiliza o estudante por sua própria formação, seu sucesso ou fracasso. Assim, a pedagogia empreendedora não só vende uma ilusão, mas reduz o espaço para formas alternativas de conceber a educação como direito do cidadão e bem comum.
Thermal numerical analysis of steel and steel and concrete composite columns in a fire situation aimed at the evaluation of the simplified method of ABNT NBR 14323:2013
Authors: Rossi Mariana Lavagnolli , Simões Yagho de Souza , Munaiar Neto Jorge , Castro Alessandra Lorenzetti de
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: The design of steel and steel and concrete composite columns in a fire situation is directly linked to the reduction of strength and stiffness, among other properties, which are manifested in response to rising temperatures. The normative codes that deal with the design of these elements under the action of fire consider the thermal action based on heating on the four faces of the column, an aspect that does not cover most cases in buildings due to the presence of walls. In this context, given the importance of the correct determination of the thermal field for design purposes, as well as given the simplification adopted by the normative codes, the present work deals exclusively with a study basically aimed at obtaining a representative thermal field for purposes of thermo-structural verification of steel and steel and concrete composite columns. With the focus on the analysis of cases that differ from the prescribed configurations in standards, purely thermal numerical models are proposed, validated through experimental results, whose analyses show an evident reduction in temperature in the steel column when encased with concrete, and with even greater evidence when additionally inserted into walls as a compartmentalizing element. To verify the simplified method proposed by ABNT NBR 14323: 2013, comparative analyses between the numerical thermal fields and obtained by the standardized model were carried out for steel and steel and concrete composite cross sections. For the isolated steel columns, as expected, the normative method proved to be consistent, but conservative when it came to columns inserted into walls. In relation to the composite columns, the results obtained indicate the need for adjustment in the standards for purposes of determining the thermal field and, consequently, of design these elements.
Required accuracy of information when determining optimal railway intervention programmes
Authors: Burkhalter Marcel , Adey Bryan T
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in mathematical models for determining optimal intervention programmes – that is, those with the highest net benefits. These increasingly sophisticated models rely on an increasing amount of accurate infrastructure information, which is often not available for infrastructure managers. They are, therefore, confronted with the question of which data they should collect and what accuracy these have to have in order that intervention programmes determined with sophisticated optimisation model are reliably optimal. In this paper, it is shown how infrastructure managers can estimate the required information accuracy when determining optimal railway intervention programmes. The required accuracy of the input information is defined by determining the ranges of values over which (a) the optimal intervention programme does not change, (b) the optimal intervention programmes can be considered similar and (c) the net benefit obtained by an intervention programme can be considered near optimal. The ranges are determined for one variable at a time considering the estimated values of the infrastructure manager as default values. The method is illustrated for a railway line in Switzerland using a constrained network flow model to determine the optimal intervention programmes.
Dry Fermented Sausages with Total Replacement of Fat by Extra Virgin Olive Oil Emulsion and Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Magra Taxiarchoula , Soultos Nikolaos , Dovas Chrysostomos , Papavergou Ekaterini , Lazou Thomai , Apostolakos Ilias , Dimitreli Georgia , Ambrosiadis Ioannis
Published: June 2021

Research background. Formulations based on vegetable or fish oil and modifications in the production technology of dry fermented sausages have emerged in recent years aiming to achieve the desirable target of reducing the fat content of these meat products. However, previous efforts have confronted many difficulties, such as high weight loss and unacceptable appearance due to intensely wrinkled surfaces and case hardening. The objective of this study was to produce and evaluate dry fermented sausages by utilizing a meat protein-olive oil emulsion as fat substitute and indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic properties isolated from traditional Greek meat products.

Experimental approach. A novel formulation with extra virgin olive oil and turkey protein was developed to totally replace the conventionally added pork fat. Identification and evaluation of the probiotic and safety characteristics of autochthonous LAB isolates from spontaneously fermented sausages were performed and three LAB isolates were finally selected as starter cultures. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were carried out in all treatments (control, L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. sakei, P. pediococcus) during fermentation.

Results and conclusions. Ready-to-eat sausages were found to be microbiologically stable. The olive oil-based formulation produced in this study generated a mosaic pattern visible in the sliced product simulating the fat in conventional fermented sausages and was regarded as an ideal fat substitute for the production of fermented sausages. An autochthonous isolate of Lactobacillus casei exhibited the best adaptation in the final products as it was molecularly identified to be present in the highest counts among the LAB isolates used as starter cultures.

Novelty and scientific contribution. Α novel and high-quality dry fermented meat product was produced replacing added pork fat with a fat substitute based on a meat protein-olive oil emulsion. Autochthonous LAB with in vitro probiotic properties could have a potential use in large-scale novel dry fermented sausages production. Such isolates could be used as starters in an effort to standardize the production process and retain the typical organoleptic and sensory characteristics. Moreover, isolates like L. casei 62 that survived in high counts in the final products, can increase the safety of fermented sausages by competing not only with pathogens but also with the indigenous microbiota and could have a potential functional value for the consumer.
Mainstreaming Black Women into Managerial Positions in the South African Corporate Sector in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
Authors: Matotoka Motlhatlego Dennis , Odeku Kolawole Olusola
Published: June 2021

The active participation of Black South African women in the corporate sector is essential for the achievement of equity and diversity. Since 1994 the sector has failed to promote black women into managerial positions despite the existence of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 that requires the equitable representation of previously disadvantaged groups on all occupational levels. Conversely, the managerial positions in the South African corporate sector continue to be dominated by white males and little effort is being made to achieve equity. The paucity of black women persists in the corporate sector during a period in which South Africa, like many other countries, is preparing itself for the fourth industrial revolution, which has broad implications for the sector. Black women are under-represented in the emerging technological environment in South Africa, and this imbalance is further perpetuating the exclusion of black women from managerial positions. This paper argues that the emerging technological environment presents an opportunity for the corporate sector to reflect on the training needs of Black women and prioritise technology in its quest to achieve equity. An increase in the number of black women with technological skills would enhance their prospects of occupying meaningful managerial roles. The corporate sector in South Africa is expected to comply with progressive statutory interventions and policies to advance women in the emerging technological environment who have the right qualifications, experience, and competency to fill the managerial positions from which they were previously excluded. In this paper we examine and analyse the challenges which are hampering the progression of black women into managerial echelons in post-1994 democratic South Africa. In order to present an objective and balanced view, we also present the strides being taken by some corporates (very few of them) to address the problem of the obstacles to the advancement of Black South African women to managerial positions.
Использование геоданных для оперативного изучения населения
Authors: Воробьев Александр Николаевич
Published: June 2021

Цель данной статьи - разработка методики составления карт плотности и мобильности населения, опираясь на данные (геоданные) сотовых операторов г. Иркутска. Перед ее разработкой проанализирован российский и мировой опыт составления карт по данным мобильных телефонов. Материалы и методы. Для достижения цели автором используется информация, полученная от мобильных операторов (CDR), с помощью которой удалось выявить сведения о местоположении устройства в каждый момент времени. Зная географическое местоположение базовых станций, можно проанализировать плотность пользователей в конкретное время в определенной точке. На основе результатов пространственного анализа данных нами получена плотность сигналов в определенный промежуток времени. Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные результаты в настоящее время наглядно демонстрируют, что геоданные с пользовательских устройств и геоинформационные системы представляют очень эффективный симбиоз технологий для решения географических задач. Такие исследования позволяют оценить общую мобильность населения для конкретного региона. Данные о местонахождении мобильного телефона способны действительно выявить пространственно-временное распределение городских жителей на макрои мезоуровнях в административных районах города. Заключение. Используя официальные источники информации (статистические сборники и переписи населения), невозможно оперативно рассмотреть передвижение населения на локальном уровне. Однако, при всех своих неоспоримых плюсах в ближайшее время геоданные вряд ли заменят традиционные методы изучения мобильности людей. Только рациональное сочетание традиционных и новых методов способно дать качественное изменение в точности и оперативности размещения населения.
Conoscenza e consapevolezza del rischio cardiovascolare nella donna: a che punto siamo?
Authors: Lillo Adele , Zito Giovanni Battista
Published: June 2021

Over the past two decades, several studies have examined gender differences in the clinical manifes-tations and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The results of these studies have shown some important gender-related differences. While the effects that gender, age and cultural behavior have on the health of men and women have been extensively studied, knowledge and awareness of the impact that gender differences have on the pathophysiolo-gy and treatment of diseases in general and cardio-vascular diseases in particular are still low. Heart disease is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to disability among women world-wide. Although often considered an advanced-aging disease, more than 15,000 deaths each year among women aged ≤ 55 years in the United States can be at-tributed to heart disease. The prevalence of cardiovas-cular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women is the same as in men, however, in all age groups, women with CVD have relatively worse outcomes than men. Therefore, young women would be less likely to be affected by CVD, but, if affected, are exposed to a death rate and higher complications than men.
Effect of processing methods on the antioxidant potentials of netlespurge (Jatropha tanjorensis) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrium) vegetables in peanut burger
Authors: Taiwo Babalola , Charles Akanbi , Taiwo Omobuwajo
Published: June 2021

Two lesser known indigenous vegetables: netlespurge (Jatropha tanjorensis)
and black nightshade (Solanum nigrium) were each processed into flour
samples and were incorporated into wheat flour in coating peanut. These
veggie peanut burgers were analysed for their antioxidant properties such as
DPPH, FRAP and Metal Chelating ability assay and their linoleic acid
inhibition. Veggie peanut burger with netlespurge vegetable had values
between 44.62 to 68.32%, 0.0106 to 0.0253 mg AAE/g sample and 49.03 to
63.30% for DPPH, FRAP and Metal chelating assay, respectively, while
veggie peanut burger with black nightshade had values between 54.97 to
72.70%, 0.0105 to 0.0173 mg AAE/g sample and 47.13 to 64.01% for DPPH,
FRAP and Metal chelating assay respectively. The result of the inhibition of
linoleic acid of the peanut burger incorporated with vegetables revealed the
abilities of the vegetables to inhibit propagation of peroxides up till the fourth
day. Netlespurge vegetable had absorbance values of 2.3220 µm initially rising
to 2.6845 µm on the fourth day and a fall absorbance value of 1.1845 µm on
the sixth day while Black Nightshade vegetable had absorbance values of
2.3670 µm initially rising to 2.7490 µm on the fourth day and a fall absorbance
value of 1.2355 µm on the sixth day. This study concluded that processing
methods does not eliminate the antioxidative properties of vegetables and the
inclusion of vegetables into peanut burgers increased their antioxidative
properties.
SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE
Authors: Ali Sideeq
Published: June 2021

Background 

Self-Care activities of hemodialysis patients are very important on a daily base, which improve their health and prevent them from complications and illness. This practice was the best practice that used since Orem’s nursing theory until now to improve all sides of patients.

Objectives 

This study aims to assess the level of Self-Care activities and determines the association factors affecting their activity among hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 242 patients that maintain on the hemodialysis treatment in Erbil City from November 2019 to April 2020, by using interview questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS Program version 23 involved descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and chi-square tests.

Results

More than half of the participants (55.4%) were in the older adult age group, male (52.5%), illiterate (53.7%), and live in the urban area (54.5%). The majority of them were married (72.3%) and poor income (76%). Highly percentage were non- smokers (94.6%), 88.8% were with chronic diseases and hypertension (72.7%). 50.4% of them time duration of hemodialysis treatment was between 1 year to 4 years. Most of the participants (70.2%) sometimes they were done self-care activities. Dependency of self-care activities was significantly higher associated with all the variables of socioeconomic (P <0.001) except with sex, however, there was no significant association with all the variables of clinical data except with associated disease of Chronic Renal Failure, the existence of heart disease and with a duration of hemodialysis treatment. 

Conclusion

In general, hemodialysis patients sometimes can perform self-care activities. Dependency of self-care activities was highly significantly associated with the majority of socioeconomic variables and with the few parts of the clinical variable. Hemodialysis patients need their self-care activities for improving their health and well-being continually.
EVALUATION OF WOUND DRESSING PRACTICE AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN SULAIMANI SURGICAL TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Hamawandi Nizar , Ahamad Barzan
Published: June 2021

Background 

Wound dressing is a clinical procedure mostly undertaking by nursing staffs that require excellent skills and knowledge. Effective wound dressing promotes wound healing and leads to early discharge and saving costs.

Objectives 

To evaluate wound dressing practices among Health Care Providers and find out the relationship between the practices and the socio-demographic characteristics of Health Care Providers.

Methods

A prospective observational descriptive study was conducted at Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital, from November 17th, 2018 to November 17th, 2019. A purposive “non-probability” sample of 37 Health Care Providers was taken from the wards of general, orthopedic and urological surgery. Data were collected through the use of direct observation. Data were analyzed with SPSS 25 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25), through the application of descriptive statistical analysis including frequency and percentage, the application of inferential statistics including the mean of score, percentage and ANOVA test.

Results

The majority of the Health Care Providers were males (54.1%), with an age group 41 years and over (48.6%), secondary nursing school graduate (37.8%), having less than 10 years of experience (37.8%), married (10.8%), from the general surgical department (67.6%) and participating in training sessions (67.6%). There were no significant relationship between the nurse's gender, working place, level of education, participating in training sessions and their practices, but there were significant relationship between the nurse's age, years of experience and their practices.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated a practice deficit in most items of wound dressing practice regarding the preparation of the patients applying wound dressing technique and post wound dressing care. Special training sessions must be arranged for the health care providers, developing special forms for nursing documentation for wound dressing.
GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC AND RISK STRATIFICATION STUDY OF 109 CASES IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY-KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Salih Barham
Published: June 2021

Background 

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors that occur throughout the GIT most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. They grow from specialized cells in the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or precursors to these cells.

Objectives 

To describe GISTs cases and perform risk stratification based on both the (AFIP) classiﬁcation and TNM staging.

Materials and Methods

The data were collected retrospectively from registries and documents in Hiwa Hospital and the histopathology department in Shorsh Teaching Hospital in Sulaimaniyah between 2010 and 2019. The histopathological features extracted from the reports included the site of a tumor, size of tumor, histological type, mitotic count/50 high power fields (HPF), risk behavior assessment, and presence or absence of necrosis, and metastasis. Risk stratification was conducted by assigning the cases to specific risk categories and groups for disease progression based on Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Criteria (AFIPC) and staging according to the TNM system (AJCC 8th edition).

Results

A total of 109 cases of GIST diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were included. More than half (52.3%) of the cases were female. The age range was 28 to 87 years with a mean age of 58 years. Most (67.9%) of GISTs occurred between 48 and 77 years of age. The mean diameter of tumors was 8.18 cm. Around half (48.6%) of the GISTs were in the stomach, 60.6% of the cases had spindle cell type morphology and 82.6% were CD117 positive. Based on AFIPC risk stratification 34.0 % of the total cases were high risk. As per the Staging criteria of the TNM system (AJCC 8th edition), 37.6% were stage I followed by stage III (28.4%), stage II (17.4%), and stage IV (16.5%). 

Conclusion

Most of the patients in the current study had GIST in the stomach and were in a high-risk category. The current epidemiological and morphologic findings were similar to prevailing knowledge. However, only 82.6% were CD 117 Positive.
Patient's Awareness Regarding Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones in Surgical Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Ismael Niyan
Published: June 2021

Urinary tract stone is the most common recurrent disorder of the urinary tract that encompasses all the process of stone formation in the urinary system (kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra). Patient’s awareness could prevent the disease and its consequences. The aim of this study is to assess the patient’s awareness regarding prevention of recurrent urinary tract stones.

A quantitative, descriptive study was carried out in Surgical Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City, from June to September 2020. A total number of, 50 patients who had urinary stones were recruited into the study, and required data were collected through direct interviews. The questionnaire was used to collect data on the patients’ Sociodemographic and awareness of the urinary tract stones. Questions about awareness of urinary stones were related to fluid and beverage intake, past medical history and risk factors, movement and physical activity, and dietary intake. The collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0).

The results of the present study showed that most of the patients’ aged30 to 60 years, were males (58%), and had primary level of education (38%). Patient’s awareness regarding “fluid and beverage intake, past medical history and risk factor, physical activity and dietary intake” was considerably at a moderate level. There was no significant relationship between the patients’ socio-demographics and their awareness of the urinary tract stones

It was concluded that the patients were not sufficiently aware of urinary tract stone prevention. Patient’s socio-demographic variables did not determine the patients’ awareness of stone prevention.
Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration
Authors: Lipatov V. A. , Lazarenko S. V. , Severinov D. A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on concentration of calcium of blood.

Materials and methods. The following groups of local hemostatic materials were studied: collagen plate (No. 2), hemostatic sponge from medical gelatin (No. 3), oxidized cellulose material (No. 4), experimental samples of hemostatic sponge developed by the team of authors, based on the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose with various modifications (groups No. 5-8). In the control group (No. 1), only blood of volunteer donors was used, without introducing the test materials. Evaluation of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration was carried out according to the described method: «Method for comparative investigation of the effectiveness of local hemostatic agents in an in vitro experiment» Russian patent No. 2709 517. According to the results of the study, median, 25 and 75 percentiles were calculated. The validity of differences between groups was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05).

Results. In groups using various materials, such as group No. 2 (Tachocomb) by 0.24 mmol/L and group № 4 (Surgicel Fibrillar) by 0.7 mmol/L, the serum calcium level was statistically significantly lower than the control group. Significant differences of calcium level values after blood immersion of volunteer donor samples based on cellulose derivatives were revealed, namely in group No. 5 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid pressed) value exceeds that in group No. 4 by 0.58 mmol/l. In other cases, comparisons of calcium concentration values in groups using experimental samples (not introduced into clinical practice) with material widely used in abdominal surgery (group No. 4) were found to be greater: in group No. 6 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid unsaturated) by 0.61 mmol/l, in group No. 7 (Na-CMC pressed) by 0.75 mmol/l, in group No. 8 (Na-CMC unsaturated) by 0.5 mmol/l.

Conclusion. It should be noted that although there are no significant differences in the groups using experimental samples of local hemostatic agents and the control group, the calcium levels in groups No. 5-6 are close to those in the groups using widely known materials such as Tachocomb (No. 2) and Gelita-Spon Standart (No. 3). Also, among the samples developed by the authors, the greatest effectiveness was identified in group No. 8 (Na-CMC, unpressed), in which the serum calcium levels (2.14 mmol/L) are lower than in groups No. 5-7.
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Allium cepa extract in rats
Authors: Meegada Purna Prasad , Pathapati Rama Mohan , Rayam Sriharsha , Nallabothula Raveendra Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background: The onion plant (Allium cepa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. It has antibiotic, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, hemostatic, antimutagenic effects. The current study is aimed to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Allium cepa extracts in rat models.Methods: In this study analgesic activity in rats is tested by Eddy’s hot plate method, tail flick method. In Eddy’s hot plate method rats are individually placed on the heated plate of the analgesic meter maintained at 550C and mean reaction time was calculated at regular time intervals. In tail flick method the tail withdrawal from the heat (flicking response) is taken as the end point. Anti-inflammatory property is studied by carrageenan induced paw edema model, in which the paw volume is measured with a plethysmograph.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate method the mean reaction time increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 2 hours when compared to control. In tail flick method the mean reaction time is increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 1.5 hour when compared to control. In carrageenan induced paw edema method Allium cepa exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by significant (p<0.05) suppression of paw edema when compare to control at 1 hour after carrageenan injection to rat paw.Conclusions: Allium cepa has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in hot plate, tail flick and carrageenan induced paw edema model.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of postgraduate medical students towards clinical research in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Johar Sukhmeen Kaur , Jaybhaye Deepali L. , Chandra Shruti , Mishra Prashant S.
Published: June 2021

Background: Clinical research is a component of medical and health research that facilitates valuable knowledge regarding diagnosis, prevention as well as treatment of a disease. Nowadays, the practise of medicine is evidence-based and combining medical education with clinical research provides a channel for translating scientifically advanced knowledge into better public health. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practices (P) about clinical research among post graduate medical students.Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, a cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study was conducted. A pre-structured and validated KAP questionnaire comprising of 25 questions (knowledge-15, attitude-5 and practices-5) was shared online through google forms with post graduate students. The responses to the questions were later marked correct or incorrect. The data was collected and compiled using Microsoft excel and expressed in percentage (%). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.Results: 102 students responded to the questionnaire completely. Out of which males (55.9%) pre-dominated and majority of the PG students belonged to I year accounting for 40.2%. About 61.76% PG students were aware about a clinical research unit in the college. Majority of the students acknowledged the necessity of conducting clinical research and exhibited good knowledge about key concepts of clinical trials.  Even responses to questions pertaining to attitude towards clinical research were also majorly positive. On the contrary, more than 90% students had neither attended any workshop on ICH-GCP guidelines nor registered their academic study under clinical trial registry of India. However, 73.5% of them expressed their willingness to participate in a clinical trial in future.Conclusions: Although, assessment of knowledge and attitudes about clinical research among post graduate students showed positive results but discrepancies were observed in its practise. As such, this necessitates incorporation of clinical research activities into existing medical education system.
Painful neuropathy: comparative observational analysis of safety profile of pregabalin and amitriptyline
Authors: Shukla Shilpa , Bandyopadhyay Arkapal , Kumar Sumit , Vardhan Gyan , Goel Bhomik , Choudhary Chahat , Kant Ravi , Dhamija Puneet
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic neuropathic pain, caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system is a common debilitating condition in clinical practice. Pregabalin and Amitriptyline are most commonly used drugs for its management. The aim of the study was to study the safety of Pregabalin and Amitriptyline in chronic neuropathic pain.Methods: Prospective observational study at Department of Medicine and Orthopaedics at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh. Newly diagnosed patients of neuropathic pain who were prescribed either Pregabalin or Amitriptyline were included in the study. Patients were followed up telephonically or during routine visits for a period of 3 months after initiation of any of these drugs. Appropriate measures of central tendency were used to describe demographic and clinical parameters and Correlation test was used between different variables and occurrence of adverse drug reactions.Results: 317 patients were prescribed these drugs. A total of 276 ADRs were observed (128 with Pregabalin and 148 with Amitriptyline). Central nervous system symptoms like sedation and dizziness were most commonly present in both the groups. Diabetes mellitus (47.1%) was most common etiology for neuropathic pain. Causality assessment showed probable association with Amitriptyline (n=140) and Pregabalin (n=118). Majority of ADRs with Amitriptyline group (49.32%) were moderate in severity whereas it was mild with Pregabalin (59.7%). A weak positive correlation (R=0.273) was seen with number of ADRs occurrence and total drug exposure in patients taking Pregabalin whereas a weak negative correlation (R=-0.623) was seen in Amitriptyline treated group.Conclusions: Safety profile of Pregabalin was better than Amitriptyline in the present study. The study findings must be replicated in larger patient population and for a prolonged duration for better understanding of the pattern of adverse drug reactions.
Cost analysis of critical patient care at a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care public hospital in an urban metropolis of India
Authors: Munshi Renuka P. , Dhiman Alisha , Save Sushma U.
Published: June 2021

Background: The cost of critical care is widely recognized as being high. However, it remains a challenge to accurately assess the cost of intensive care due to a lack of standardized methodology. There is also considerable heterogeneity with regard to allocation of resources and distribution of critical care services.Methods: We conducted a prospective study to analyse diagnosis-based costs of paediatric patient care at a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a public hospital in Mumbai on the basis of identified cost components; direct (fixed and variable) and indirect costs.Results: Out of 167 (102 boys, 61%) patients enrolled, 65 (39%) were aged 1-7 months. They spent an average of 4±1.46 bed days in the PICU. The cost of direct fixed components (salaries, capital equipment, disposables) was Rs. 64,48,200 for six months. The maximum cost of direct variable components spent by the hospital (physiotherapy intervention, expert opinion, investigations, medicines, blood products, piped gases) amounted to Rs. 548.63/patient/day for treatment of non-infectious diseases. Cost of indirect components (building maintenance) was Rs. 12,500/six months. Linear regression analysis showed 83-99.99% dependency of treatment cost to diagnosis and bed days. The average cost of treatment of infectious and non-infectious diagnoses/patient/day spent by the hospital was Rs. 260 and Rs. 548.63 respectively as compared to Rs. 169.96 and Rs. 356.21 spent by the patients.Conclusions: Our study showed that majority of the treatment costs depended on the diagnosis and number of bed days of the patients. Also being a tertiary care public hospital, 60% of the treatment costs were borne by the hospital. Thus, our study attempts to quantify, in financial terms, the expenditure involved in running a paediatric ICU in a tertiary care public hospital so as to assist doctors and healthcare decision makers in the allocation of resources.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of topical luliconazole with topical fluconazole against tinea corporis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Seshathri E. , Krishna R. Deepthi
Published: June 2021

Background: Dermatophytosis is a common cutaneous infection worldwide with prevalence varying from 20% to 25%. Luliconazole is a newer topical antifungal applied once daily with greater reservoir property in stratum corneum. Objective of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of luliconazole 1% cream with Fluconazole 1% cream in patients with mild to severe grades of tinea corporis.Methods: A total of 100 patients with mycologically confirmed tinea corporis were randomised into group A and B respectively. Group A, 50 patients received luliconazole 1% for 2 weeks and group B, 50 patients received fluconazole 1% cream for 4 weeks. Patients were clinically and mycologically evaluated on 0, 2nd and 4th week of treatment and followed up on 8th week for any relapse.Results: Significant improvement in efficacy was seen in Luliconazole while compared with fluconazole group against tinea corporis infection. Mycological cure and clinical improvement showed significant difference in group A. The safety and tolerability profile of both groups were good and statistically comparable.Conclusions: Luliconazole 1% cream is found to be safe, effective and tolerable with low incidence of relapse than fluconazole 1% cream.
Drugs modulating apoptosis: current status
Authors: Ananthy Vimala , Priyadharsini Raman P. , Subramanian Umamaheswari
Published: June 2021

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a natural process that helps in removing potentially harmful cells from the body and replacing it with normal ones. Like any other process, it is also subjected to lots of deregulations and can lead to diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative conditions, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune disorders and inappropriate death of cells after liver failure, stroke and myocardial infarction. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis has been progressed tremendously. Thus, therapeutics targeting apoptosis have been emerged as a novel approach for treating various disease conditions. Current approaches induce or inhibit apoptosis by targeting the key regulators of apoptosis such as Bcl2 family of proteins, TRAIL, caspases, MDM2, IAPs and p53. While many apoptotic drugs proved its efficacy in preclinical studies, some are already approved and entered the clinical setting. Numerous novel approaches such as antisense therapy, gene therapy, recombinant biologics and combinatorial chemistry are being employed to target these regulators. This review focused on the pathways of apoptosis, various therapeutic targets in apoptosis and the drugs modulating these targets.
Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review
Authors: Maanvizhi Saba , Ramamurthy Vijayakumar Arumugam , Velan Athithan , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
Published: June 2021

In globally, cancer is a second leading disease next to cardiovascular diseases in non-communicable diseases, which affect the all ages, sex, social status, ethnicity and primary cause of illness related death. Traditionally, systemic delivery drug systems like chemotherapy via oral capsule, injections of nanoparticles/micro particles, immunotherapy and others, which can inhibit or halt the progression of tumors. The short half-life of drugs which cannot achieve the targeted dose level to the tumor site and not able to target desired cell and commonly produces the organ toxicity. Recently, researchers have been attempting to direct delivery agents for cancer therapy. One of the best methods is a local therapy system, which deliver the drug directly via implantable procedure and it’s achieved the maximum concentration of the desire drug at the tumor site, non-target systemic exposure and minimize the organ toxicity to the patients. Biomaterial implants are widely used in the local concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents, local delivery of poly-chemotherapy, gene therapy as an alternative to drug delivery, scaffolds for cancer immunotherapy and polymer-based composites of drug molecules. There are different types of polymers like poly anhydride poly [bis (p-carboxy-phenoxy) propane-sebacic acid] copolymer [p(CPP:SA)], fatty acid dimer-sebacic acid copolymer (FAD-SA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), alginate and silica, used in successively cancer therapy. In order to minimize the risk of unwanted side effect of different types of biomaterials implants, it’s biocompatible to reduce the ability to elicit the inflammatory effect to the implanted area or the site. Therefore, the key role of choosing the appropriate and biocompatible implants to particular therapy is an indispensable. This should be validated with respect to risk benefit ratio in case of cancers. Biomaterial based implant local delivery systems provide more versatile and tailorable approach to against treatment of different types of the cancer.