bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Оценка фитосанитарных рисков, связанных с экспортом, импортом и перемещением семенного материала моркови и других зонтичных культур
Authors: Валеева Н.Г.
Published: May 2024

В настоящее время происходит постоянное международное перемещение семян для разных целей: выращивания продовольственной продукции, получения кормов для животных, применения в качестве лекарственного сырья, использования в косметологии, проведения научных исследований и других. Семена являются источником фитосанитарного риска в случае их интродукции в среду, где высока вероятность акклиматизации и распространения любых связанных с семенами вредных организмов. Проведен поиск вредных организмов, связанных с семенами моркови и других зонтичных культур. Сделана систематизация перечня и категоризация вредных организмов, связанных с семенами зонтичных культур. При систематизации сформированного перечня выявленные вредные организмы были разделены на 3 группы: – регулируемые вредные организмы, потенциально связанные с семенами моркови и других зонтичных культур; – нерегулируемые виды вредных организмов, потенциально связанные с семенами моркови и других зонтичных культур и распространенные на территории РФ; – нерегулируемые виды вредных организмов, потенциально связанные с семенами моркови и других зонтичных культур и отсутствующие на территории РФ. Для стран – поставщиков семян зонтичных культур рассчитан интегральный индекс риска, определяющий количество досматриваемых партий продукции, с использованием матрицы риска. На основе сравнения индексов риска построен сравнительный рейтинг стран-поставщиков по степени фитосанитарного риска, связанного с импортированием семян моркови и других зонтичных культур из этих стран. Для стран-импортеров установлено значение экспортного потенциала, построен сравнительный рейтинг стран-импортеров по степени строгости фитосанитарных требований, предъявляемых этими государствами к семенам моркови и других зонтичных культур. Составлен перечень карантинных объектов, связанных с семенами моркови и других зонтичных культур, ограниченно распространенных на территории Российской Федерации. Проведена оценка фитосанитарных мер управления рисками, связанными с импортированием, экспортированием и перемещением семян моркови и других зонтичных культур.
Main Techniques of Translating Non-equivalent Words
Authors: Batmunkh Lkhasuren
Published: May 2024

The technological advances are occurring at a rapid pace in the 21st century which is called the age of information technology. Regarding these advancements, many new foreign words are entering Mongolian language constantly. Especially since 1990, the challenge has been how to translate new words, phrases and terms into Mongolian accurately from English, the main international academic language. In terms of lexical equivalence, it can be complete and partial. The issue is partial equivalence outnumbers absolute equivalence in any language depending on the cultural differences of speakers of a source language. In order to translate those non-equivalent vocabulary items, the main translation techniques such as transliteration, transcription, calque or loan translation, substitution and description are used individually and collectively. In the past, we used to spell and translate any foreign word from Russian into Mongolian as they were spelt in Russian irrespective of its pronunciation. But in the last 30 years we have been translating non-equivalent vocabulary from English into Mongolian by the main techniques mentioned above. Therefore, in the future, there is a necessity of choosing and using the best translated version of a foreign word, phrase and terms after the translation of each and every foreign word is being checked carefully. 
Дүйцэлгүй үгсийг орчуулах үндсэн аргууд
Хураангуй: Мэдээллийн эрин үе болох XXI зуунд техник, технологийн дэвшил нэн хурдацтай өрнөж байна. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор олон үг харь хэлнээс монгол хэлэнд тогтмол орж ирж буй. Ялангуяа 1990 оноос хойш дэлхийн шинжлэх ухааны зонхилох хэл болсон англи хэлнээс монгол хэлэнд шууд орж ирж буй шинэ үг, хэллэг, нэр томьёог монгол хэл рүү хэрхэн оновчтой хөрвүүлэх нь тулгамдсан асуудал юм. Үгийн сангийн хувьд орчуулгын тохироог бүрэн ба заримдаг хэмээн ялган үзвэл бүрэн тохироот үгс аль ч хэлний үгийн сангийн цөөн хувийг эзэлнэ. Эх хэлээр харилцагсдын соёл, ахуйн ялгаанаас хамааран орчуулгын хэлэнд үгийн сангийн үлдэх хувь буюу ихэнх нь орчуулгын бүрэн биш тохироонд хамаардаг. Иймд уг өгүүлэлд дүйцэлгүй буюу эквивалентгүй үгсийг оновчтой орчуулахад эзэмших шаардлагатай орчуулгын үндсэн аргуудыг авч үзэв.
Түлхүүр үг: Реали, үсэглэх, галиглах, тайлбарлах, хуулбарлан орчуулах, ойролцоо орчуулга
Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Open Resection in Management of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Aakif Muhammad , Ather Saim
Published: May 2024

Objective: is to compare the impact of laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery in terms of infection, hospital stay and blood loss.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Place and duration: Study was conducted at the general surgery department of Nishtar hospital, Multan from January 2020 to January 2021.
Methodology: Three hundred and ten patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups. One group was treated with laparoscopic technique and the second group treated with open surgical technique. Main variables of study were infection rate, duration of hospital stay and mean blood loss. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Mean and standard deviation for numerical data and frequency and percentages for categorical data were calculated. P value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: In 16.8% patients of laparoscopic group, infection occurred and 20.6% patients in open group. But the difference was statistically insignificant, (p=0.382). The mean hospital stay in laparoscopic group was 11.21±2.53-day and14.78±3.01 days in open group. The difference was statistically significant. (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic technique is associated with reduced rate of infection; hospital stay, and blood loss as compared to open surgery of colorectal carcinoma. Laparoscopic surgical method is preferred over open method.
Effect of Supination vs Pronation in Non-operative Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture Humerus
Authors: Abdul Hadi  , Harl Adeel Faisal
Published: May 2024

Objective: to compare modes of the forearm (supination and pronation) in terms of elbow deformity after closed reduction and casting of supracondylar fracture humerus.
Methodology: Prospective study was conducted at orthopedic surgery department of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2023 to February 2024. One hundred patients were included in study 45 treated in pronation position and 55 in supination position. Supracondylar fracture was managed with closed reduction and immobilization procedure. Outcomes were assessed through clinical and radiographic examination. Follow up was done till 8 months. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis and p vale ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: In pronation, the type of fracture (I & III) was noted as n=32 (71.1%) and n=13 (28.9%), respectively. While in supination, type of fracture (I & III) was noted as n=40 (72.7%) and n=15 (27.3%), respectively.
Conclusion:  there is a definite difference between two groups of management supination and pronation in the closed treatment of supracondylar humerus fracture regarding elbow malunion deformity.
Predicting Tourists Behavioral Intention through Antecedents of Attitude Towards Destination
Authors: Ahmad Shaheera , Kamran Muhammad , Shahid Tuba
Published: May 2024

This study explores the effect of various antecedents on behavioral intention, with the mediating roles of attitude towards destination and destination attachment, by surveying tourists in Pakistan. Specifically, the antecedents considered are destination attractiveness, source credibility, and personality. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of 367 tourists who visited several destinations in Pakistan. The PLS-SEM technique was used for analysis purposes. The results showed that destination attractiveness and destination personality significantly predict behavioral intention through the two mediators: attitude towards destination and destination attachment. In contrast, destination source credibility predicts behavioral intention only through destination attachment. The findings also indicate that attitude towards destination predicts destination attachment. These results provide a foundation for further research on attitudes towards destinations and destination attachment, which can be extended to other tourist attractions.
Clinical outcomes and mortality risk factors among intensive care unit patients with bacteremia at a university hospital
Authors: Santimaleeworagun Wichai , Wacharasint Petch , Saelim Weerayuth , Suphanklang Juthathip , Duangmee Kawin , Ruenroengbun Narisa , Thiengkumdee Pachara , Ratchadawan Sukhontha , Tewthao Duangspan , Kulkiatprasert Thanathorn
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of causative pathogens associated with 30-day mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with bloodstream infections as well as to analyze clinical outcomes and risk factors. This retrospective study was conducted at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand, between October 2017 and December 2018. The study included 142 patients with bloodstream infections caused by 193 isolated pathogens. Of the 142 patients, the clinical cure and death rates were reported to be 40.1% and 62.0%, respectively. Of the 193 isolated bacterial strains, 83.4% were Gram-negative: predominately Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, and then Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 16.6% of the total isolated bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus was the leading isolate, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci and then Enterococcus faecalis. Most of the A. baumannii isolates (97.0%) were resistant to meropenem, but 57.7% of P. aeruginosa and 40.0% of K. pneumoniae were susceptible to meropenem. Through multivariate analysis, it was found that the significant factors for 30-day mortality were male gender, catheter-related bloodstream infection, and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infection. Due to the high 30-day mortality rate of almost two-thirds of the study groups, healthcare professionals are challenged to select an optimized treatment regimen for ICU patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infection.
Spatial Analysis of Landslide Prone Areas in Tidore Island Indonesia
Authors: Latue Theochrasia , Latue Philia C , Rakuasa Heinrich
Published: May 2024

The topographic condition of Tidore Island, where 50% of the area is on a steep slope, makes Tidore Island prone to landslides during the rainy season. This research aims to spatially identify landslide prone areas in Tidore Island using slope morphology method. SMORPH method is conducted by identifying and classifying potential landslide areas based on slope shape and slope angle matrix. The result of this study shows that high landslide potential area is 2,569.42 ha, medium potential area is 3,296.99 ha, low potential area is 4,778.46 ha, and very low potential area is 1,126.55 ha. Among the sub-districts in Tidore Island, North Tidore has the largest presentation area of 892.48 ha. It can be concluded that areas with steep slopes and convex or concave slope shapes have higher landslide potential. The findings of this research are expected to help local government in future spatial planning efforts for landslide mitigation.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Tour Games Turnament (TGT) dengan Media Quizizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Pambudi Moch. Rio , Eraku Sunarty Suly
Published: May 2024

Learning outcomes are one of the problems that are often encountered in teaching and learning activities. Further analysis shows that this problem has significant implications, especially in the context of social studies classes, especially Geography subjects. Based on the problems described, the most appropriate solution is to implement the Tour Games Tournament model using the Media Quizizz platform. This research aims to determine differences in student learning outcomes with the TGT Media Quizizz learning model at SMAN 1 Suwawa Timur. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The research subjects were XI IPS 1 as the experimental class and XI IPS 2 as the control class. There was a significant difference between the experimental group that applied the TGT model with Quizizz media and the control group that used the conventional approach. The results of the hypothesis test were measured at a significance level of 0.001, which was lower than the threshold of 0.05.
Dampak Keberadaan Agrowisata California Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Cialam Jaya
Authors: Lestari Febi Silvia , Yunus Lukman , Slamet Agustono
Published: May 2024

Berkembangnya kegiatan pariwisata di Desa Cialam Jaya dinilai dapat memberikan banyak dampak terhadap kondisi sosial maupun ekonomi sekitar kawasan wisata tersebut, khususnya penduduk Desa Cialam Jaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dampak sosial penduduk Desa Cialam Jaya dengan keberadaan Agrowisata California Cialam dan mengkaji dampak ekonomi penduduk Desa Cialam Jaya dengan keberadaan Agrowisata California. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Cialam Jaya dan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 22 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya Agrowisata California berdampak pada kondisi sosial masyarakat meliputi kegiatan gotong royong, kerukunan dan interaksi dengan wisatawan, dan tidak membawa dampak pada kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus Nelayan Tradisional di Kelurahan Barombong Kecamatan Tamalate
Authors: Silalahi Glory Mei Sanada , Maddatuang  , Musyawarah Rahma
Published: May 2024

Permasalahan kemiskinan merupakan pekerjaan rumah yang berat bagi pemerintah Indonesia. Angka kemiskinan menjadi salah satu yang selalu di sorot setiap tahun. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab kemiskinan, karakteristik kemiskinan, dan program-program yang digunakan untuk mengurangi kemiskinan pada masyarakat nelayan tradisional yang tinggal di Kelurahan Barombong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif serta menganalisis data baik yang diperoleh secara langsung (data primer) maupun data yang telah ada (data sekunder). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hal-hal berikut: faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kemiskinan pada nelayan tradisional di Kelurahan Barombong mencakup enam aspek, yaitu kualitas sumber daya manusia, alternatif pekerjaan, modal usaha yang terbatas, teknologi yang digunakan, faktor kelembagaan, dan perilaku konsumtif nelayan. Kemiskinan yang dialami oleh nelayan tradisional di Kelurahan Barombong dapat digambarkan dalam bentuk kemiskinan alamiah dan kemiskinan budaya. Program- program untuk mengatasi kemiskinan nelayan di Kelurahan Barombong berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, akses terhadap pelayanan dasar, dan peralatan perikanan.
Pengaruh Ruang Terbuka Hijau Terhadap Kondisi Iklim Mikro di Kota Kendari: Studi Literatur
Authors: Khairiyah Shofa‘ Nur Amirah
Published: May 2024

Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) adalah salah satu solusi masalah ketidaknyamanan dan pengendali termal pada iklim mikro. terutama di wilayah perkotaan seperti kota Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Ruang Terbuka Hijau terhadap kondisi iklim mikro di kota Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan studi pustaka melalui penelaahan literatur terkait. Kemudian, analisis beberapa jurnal dan buku terkait dengan materi pembahasan akan dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Taman Walikota Kendari memiliki tingkat kececpatan angin 0,59 m/s, suhu 33,580C, serta kelembapan udara 49,77%Rh. Sedangkan rata-rata tahunan kota Kendari berada pada kisaran 6,8 m/s, 32,670C, dan 93,5%Rh. Keberadaan RTH masih kurang berdampak pada iklim mikro RTH Kota Kendari. Sehingga perlu dilakukan optimalisasi target minimal ruang terbuka hijau di kota Kendari.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Keluarga Tentang Komunikasi Dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Pada Lansia Di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang
Authors: Amara lestari Viranti , Nur Fajri Hidayati Bunga Dinda , Suriany Simamora Rotua
Published: May 2024

Latar Belakang: kurangnya komunikasi pada lansia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan peran sosial dalam berinteraksi sosial di masyarakat maupun di keluarga. Hal ini didukung oleh sikap lansia yang cenderung egois dan enggan mendengarkan pendapat orang lain, sehingga mengakibatkan lansia terkucilkan secara sosial pada akhirnya lansia tersebut merasa diasingkan dan merasa tidak dibutuhkan lagi karena tidak ada penyaluran emosional dari bersosialisasi. Tujuan Peneliti: Mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang. Metode Peneliti: Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Observasional Analitik dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional, menggunakan variabel independen tingkat pengetahuan keluarga dan variabel dependen penerapan komunikasi pada lansia,  dengan jumlah sampel 70 keluarga dengan lansia. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan penerapan komunikasi. Setelah terkumpul data dilakukan uji statistik dengan menggunakan Chi Square. Hasil Peneliti: Berdasarkan uji statistik chi square diperoleh nilai Asymp Signifikansi sebesar 0,002 (<α (0,05)), hal ini menunjukan bahwa H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang tahun 2023. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang
Gambaran Pengetahuan Akseptor KB Terhadap Efek Samping Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Di Puskesmas Bumi Restu Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Kriswidiani Nova
Published: May 2024

Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan upaya mengatur kelahiran anak, jarak dan usia ideal melahirkan untuk mewujudkan keluarga yang berkualitas. Banyaknya akseptor KB di Puskesmas Bumi Restu yang mengeluh tentang efek samping yang muncul saat menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal menyebabkan beberapa akseptor cemas dan akhirnya drop out, hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh akseptor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran pengetahuan akseptor KB terhadap efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal di Puskesmas Bumi Restu. Penelitian menggunakan  deskriptif analitik dengan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 309 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan didapatkan hasil 75 responden ditambah 10% untuk mengantisipasi responden yang drop out, sehingga sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 82 responden pada periode Februari 2022. Pengumpulan data diambil dari data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada akseptor KB hormonal. Uji statistik menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah dari 82 responden terdapat 15 responden (18,3%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang, 39 responden  (47,6%) pengetahuan cukup, dan 28 responden (34,1%) pengetahuan baik. Kesimpulan; pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh akseptor KB di Puskesmas Bumi Restu mayoritas adalah pengetahuan cukup. Saran penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan kepada peran petugas kesehatan bukan hanya kepada akseptor KB.
Optical color fragile watermark based on pixel-free expansion visual cryptography
Authors: Liu Rui-Ze , Zhu Yu-Peng , Zhou Xin-Long , Mi Zhao-Ke , Wu Cheng-Zhe , Qin Qiao-Hua , Ke Chang-Jun , Shi Yi-Shi ,   School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China,   School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
Published: May 2024

In recent years, with the continuous development of computer technology, it has brought convenience to people to obtain image information. However, at the same time, the falsification and theft of image information have also emerged, so information security has received increasing attention. When images are used for medicine, military, court, and other purposes, it is necessary to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the image content. Fragile watermarks are used to verify the authenticity and integrity of image content due to their sensitivity to tampering. The watermark information is embedded in the image and integrated with the image. When it is necessary to detect the authenticity and integrity of image information, the extracted watermark can be used to determine whether the image is reliable and complete. Therefore, we propose an optical color fragile watermarking system based on pixel-free expansion visual cryptography. On the one hand, encoding watermark images by using pixel-free expansion visual cryptography avoids pixel expansion issues caused by visual cryptography, allowing for the selection of color host images with the same pixel size as the watermark image in the future, greatly reducing the network bandwidth and storage space occupied during transmission. On the other hand, phase recovery algorithm is used to process the encoded watermark image to obtain phase information for embedding into the host image, further improving the security of the watermark image in an optical way. The feasibility and imperceptibility of the proposed optical color fragile watermark are verified through computer simulation, and its good fragility is verified through a series of simulation attack experiments. It can sensitively detect image tampering in the face of common attacks such as noise pollution, rotation, motion blur processing, filtering, etc.
1 MHz, 273 W average power Ytterbium-doped rod-type fiber chirped pulse amplification system
Authors: Wang Dong-Liang , Shi Zhuo , Wang Jing-Shang , Wu Hong-Yue , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Chang Guo-Qing ,   Key Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China,   Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: May 2024

Ytterbium-doped ultrafast fiber lasers are widely used in scientific research, industrial processing, medical diagnosis, and other fields due to their excellent beam quality and high power output. The larger mode area allows the fiber to transmit higher peak-pulse power. The commercial rod-type Ytterbium-doped fiber with a core diameter of 85 μm, produced by NKT in Denmark, can produce ultra-short pulses on the order of 100 watts and 100 microjoules. Based on this rod-type fiber, we construct a chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system in which the high-efficiency transmission gratings and temperature-tunable chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) are used to compensate for dispersion. We investigate the effect of power input on the amplified power and pulse compression quality, and find that higher power input slows down the gain saturation and improves amplification efficiency. At power inputs of 20 W and 30 W, we obtain power outputs of 305 W and 323 W respectively, with an amplification efficiency of about 80%. To reduce the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift, we use circular polarization amplification. At low power outputs (less than 160 W), the effect of nonlinear phase accumulation on the compressed pulse is negligible, and the increase in power input increases the amplification efficiency. When the power output exceeds 200 W, the cumulative increase of nonlinear phase shift reduces the pulse compression quality, which implies that the input power is appropriately reduced to the power range between 5 W and 20 W. With a power input of 20 W and pump power of 429 W, the power output can reach 305 W. After pulse is compressed by using a diffraction-grating pair, this rod-type fiber CPA system can deliver 1 MHz, 264 fs pulses with 273 W in average power. These results provide an important experimental basis for optimizing the performance of high-power and high-energy ultrafast fiber lasers.
Scaling between cell cycle duration and wing growth is regulated by Fat-Dachsous signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Liu Andrew , O’Connell Jessica , Wall Farley , Carthew Richard W.
Published: May 2024

The atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous (Ds) signal through the Hippo pathway to regulate growth of numerous organs, including the
Drosophila
wing. Here, we find that Ds-Fat signaling tunes a unique feature of cell proliferation found to control the rate of wing growth during the third instar larval phase. The duration of the cell cycle increases in direct proportion to the size of the wing, leading to linear-like growth during the third instar. Ds-Fat signaling enhances the rate at which the cell cycle lengthens with wing size, thus diminishing the rate of wing growth. We show that this results in a complex but stereotyped relative scaling of wing growth with body growth in
Drosophila
. Finally, we examine the dynamics of Fat and Ds protein distribution in the wing, observing graded distributions that change during growth. However, the significance of these dynamics is unclear since perturbations in expression have negligible impact on wing growth.
Structural characterization and dynamics of AdhE ultrastructures from Clostridium thermocellum: A containment strategy for toxic intermediates?
Authors: Ziegler Samantha J. , Knott Brandon C. , Gruber Josephine N. , Hengge Neal N. , Xu Qi , Olson Daniel G. , Romero Eduardo E. , Joubert Lydia M. , Bomble Yannick J.
Published: May 2024

Clostridium thermocellum
, a cellulolytic thermophilic anaerobe, is considered by many to be a prime candidate for the realization of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and is known as an industry standard for biofuel production.
C. thermocellum
is among the best biomass degraders identified to date in nature and produces ethanol as one of its main products. Many studies have helped increase ethanol titers in this microbe, however ethanol production using
C. thermocellum
is still not economically viable. Therefore, a better understanding of its ethanol synthesis pathway is required. The main pathway for ethanol production in
C. thermocellum
involves the bifunctional aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE). To better understand the function of the
C. thermocellum
AdhE, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to obtain a 3.28 Å structure of the AdhE complex. This high-resolution structure, in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, provides insight into the substrate channeling of the toxic intermediate acetaldehyde, indicates the potential role of
C. thermocellum
AdhE to regulate activity and cofactor pools, and establishes a basis for future engineering studies. The containment strategy found in this enzyme offers a template that could be replicated in other systems where toxic intermediates need to be sequestered to increase the production of valuable biochemicals.
Katanin, kinesin-13, and ataxin-2 inhibit premature interaction between maternal and paternal genomes in C. elegans zygotes
Authors: Beath Elizabeth A , Bailey Cynthia , Mahantesh Magadam Meghana , Qiu Shuyan , McNally Karen L , McNally Francis J
Published: May 2024

Fertilization occurs before the completion of oocyte meiosis in the majority of animal species and sperm contents move long distances within the zygotes of mouse and C. elegans. If incorporated into the meiotic spindle, paternal chromosomes could be expelled into a polar body resulting in lethal monosomy. Through live imaging of fertilization in C. elegans, we found that the microtubule disassembling enzymes, katanin and kinesin-13 limit long-range movement of sperm contents and that maternal ataxin-2 maintains paternal DNA and paternal mitochondria as a cohesive unit that moves together. Depletion of katanin or double depletion of kinesin-13 and ataxin-2 resulted in the capture of the sperm contents by the meiotic spindle. Thus limiting movement of sperm contents and maintaining cohesion of sperm contents within the zygote both contribute to preventing premature interaction between maternal and paternal genomes.
A Drug Repurposing Approach Reveals Targetable Epigenetic Pathways in Plasmodium vivax Hypnozoites
Authors: Maher S. P. , Bakowski M. A. , Vantaux A. , Flannery E. L. , Andolina C. , Gupta M. , Antonova-Koch Y. , Argomaniz M. , Cabrera-Mora M. , Campo B. , Chao A. T. , Chatterjee A. K. , Cheng W. T. , Chuenchob E. , Cooper C. A. , Cottier K. , Galinski M. R. , Harupa-Chung A. , Ji H. , Joseph S. B. , Lenz T. , Lonardi S. , Matheson J. , Mikolajczak S. A. , Moeller T. , Orban A. , Padín-Irizarry V. , Pan K. , Péneau J. , Prudhomme J. , Roesch C. , Ruberto A. A. , Sabnis S. S. , Saney C. L. , Sattabongkot J. , Sereshki S. , Suriyakan S. , Ubalee R. , Wang Y. , Wasisakun P. , Yin J. , Popovici J. , McNamara C. W. , Joyner C. J. , Nosten F. , Witkowski B. , Le Roch K. G. , Kyle D. E.
Published: May 2024

Radical cure of
Plasmodium vivax
malaria must include elimination of quiescent ‘hypnozoite’ forms in the liver; however, the only FDA-approved treatments are contraindicated in many vulnerable populations. To identify new drugs and drug targets for hypnozoites, we screened the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) library and a collection of epigenetic inhibitors against
P. vivax
liver stages. From both libraries, we identified inhibitors targeting epigenetics pathways as selectively active against
P. vivax
and
P. cynomolgi
hypnozoites. These include DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors as well as several inhibitors targeting histone post-translational modifications. Immunofluorescence staining of
Plasmodium
liver forms showed strong nuclear 5-methylcystosine signal, indicating liver stage parasite DNA is methylated. Using bisulfite sequencing, we mapped genomic DNA methylation in sporozoites, revealing DNA methylation signals in most coding genes. We also demonstrated that methylation level in proximal promoter regions as well as in the first exon of the genes may affect, at least partially, gene expression in
P. vivax
. The importance of selective inhibitors targeting epigenetic features on hypnozoites was validated using MMV019721, an acetyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor that affects histone acetylation and was previously reported as active against
P. falciparum
blood stages. In summary, our data indicate that several epigenetic mechanisms are likely modulating hypnozoite formation or persistence and provide an avenue for the discovery and development of improved radical cure antimalarials.
Interdisciplinary Teaching Scenarios on Sustainable Development in Croatia
Authors: Armano Linta Veljko
Published: May 2024

This paper reflects on the project for the creation of teaching scenarios for the curricular Interdisciplinary Topic of Sustainable Development, which addressed a wide variety of subjects in Croatian primary and secondary schools. The paper intends to provide insight into potentially replicable approaches for the creation of teaching resources in similar contexts. The paper aims to identify (1) the project’s approaches that stimulated interdisciplinary collaboration during the creation of the teaching scenarios, and (2) the project’s approaches that could facilitate the adoption of the teaching scenarios by a wide variety of subject teachers. The approaches are explored through observation and reflection by the author, who was the key expert and development leader for the teaching scenarios. The interdisciplinary creation is found to be stimulated by creating conditions for authors to explore sustainable development with an awareness of their subject’s important role in it while paying attention to team relationships, processes, and results, including in online collaboration spaces. The teaching scenarios are found to be more likely to support a multidisciplinary type of implementation than an interdisciplinary one due to teaching activities mostly being not integrated enough to enable team teaching. This, however, allows more enthusiastic individual teachers to use the activities autonomously. The scenario adoption may be supported by the efficient simultaneous addressing of subject outcomes and sustainable development outcomes, by the adaptability of teaching activities, and by the connection between scenario topics and real life, including the life of the school community and wider communities.
Sustainable Development, Education and Learning: The Challenge of Inclusive, Quality Education for All
Authors: Fujii Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Review of the book authored by Victoria W. Thoresen, Agenda Publishing, 2023
Catastrophe, Communal Memory, and Mythic Discourse
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the usage of myth in the reconstruction of society. It focuses particularly on the interplay between catastrophe, communal memory, and mythic discourse. Myth explicates situations of social disaster by narrativizing them, so employment dramatizes complex processes of change. During extreme social devastation, mythic discourse erupts and flows into the semantic space made vacant by the incapacity of science to recognize the moral significance of human suffering. The chapter then looks into the disaster of Sarno, which highlights the conflict between mythologizing and rationalizing approaches to the problem of reconstructing a social system devastated by a natural disaster.
Creating Constituents
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter investigates how ethnopolitical entrepreneurs' campaigns actively convert internally fragmented, multi-origin immigrants into ethnic voting blocs. Given Armenians' internal diversity, political candidates cannot merely call on Armenians' shared ethnonational inheritance to conjure solidarity. Rather, the grassroots that work while campaigning actively constructs a sense of solidarity and creates a voting bloc. The chapter details how the ethnopolitical entrepreneurs in Glendale have brought together internally diverse Armenians with limited exposure to US institutions and created a sense of linked, local fates among them. It identifies the important commonalities among ethnopolitical entrepreneurs and looks at some important differences, particularly among first- and second-generation Armenian ethnopolitical entrepreneurs.
The Armenian American Museum
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter talks about the Armenian American Museum, wherein Armenians from many backgrounds can learn about their history in the United States and embody a new generation of multiethnic US suburban residents whose contributions cultivate and enrich their cities throughout the country. The museum exemplifies the local implications of ethnopolitical entrepreneurs' invocation of ethnicity to incorporate immigrants and influence political institutions. The chapter reflects key insights explored in the examination of suburbia as new domains of political incorporation among diverse immigrant populations throughout the United States. It seeks to extract from the study of Glendale's Armenians some of the most fundamental strengths, which could be applied in other suburban contexts. It also reiterates the shortcomings of suburban ethnopolitical entrepreneurs and offers some suggestions about how the next generation of ethnopolitical entrepreneurs might consider overcoming these pitfalls.
Epilogue
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews the important roles of ethnopolitical entrepreneurs in suburban immigrant political incorporation, presenting a novel immigrant story. It reveals a more optimistic side of US politics that tells the story of Armenian immigrants who have worked hard to overcome internal and external challenges. And, in the process of making a place for themselves the Armenians have become influential participants in US political history. The chapter considers the story of Glendale's Armenians as a stirring reminder of the ingenuity of the talented, innovative immigrants who overcome serious barriers to participate in and reconfigure their suburban communities. The United States' immigrants are no longer terrified outsiders begging for acceptance but they may now demand a place and a voice in the development and contribution of their communities and, ultimately, the country.
American Chestnut— Castanea dentata
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter recounts how the American chestnut once occupied a significant portion of many forests, yielding food, timber, and structure for people and wildlife. The loss of the American chestnut set the stage for much of the forest structure America has today. The chapter explores the natural resiliency of forests as the reason why the loss of individual tree species has not been noticed on a scale proportional to the area of the landscape that has been affected. It considers the American chestnut as an excellent example of the loss of multidimensional utility, which is one of the great tragedies of the death of a tree species. Chestnuts provided a critical food source for Indigenous Americans and the Europeans who displaced them.
White Ash— Fraxinus americana
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the white ash, which appears similar to green ash but occurs in better-drained uplands and is common to midwestern successional habitats, particularly those following agriculture. White ash exists as three separate genetic lineages: a diploid, a tetraploid and a hexaploid. The chapter explains how a tetraploid white ash crossed with a diploid green ash and doubled its chromosome count could make a reproductively viable hexaploid pumpkin ash. The chapter considers white ash as the most abundant of the ashes as it has a broad geographic range. White ash, when young, is more shade tolerant than the other ashes, allowing it to regenerate in closed canopied forests more than the others.
Sugar Maple— Acer saccharum
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the sugar maple, which is extraordinarily shade tolerant as it develops layer after layer of thick leafy canopy that casts a dense shade on the forest floor beneath. Unlike less shade-tolerant trees, sugar maples do not self-prune much and retains lower branches. The chapter highlights the sugar maples' beauty that is expanded dramatically in the fall when their canopies are adorned in peachy, pale-yellow foliage. It considers sugar maple wood as economically valuable as the wood is hard and closed grained, making it ideal for furniture and instrument making. Grain variation in the wood makes some sugar maple trees even more valuable in furniture making, such as wavy grain patterns and small circular swirls of grain that are greatly valued as accent veneers.
Egyptian Houses in Their Urban and Environmental Contexts
Authors: Davoli Paola
Published: May 2024

This chapter demonstrates the ways that the physical environments of Egyptian houses constrained and shaped the forms that they could take and the activities that were possible within and around them. The design of Fayum and Oasean houses responded to the practical necessity of protecting their inhabitants against windblown sand, dust, and strong sunlight. The chapter describes an enclosed, dark, inward-looking house structure that would have afforded privacy and seclusion. While the Egyptian houses have consequences for the ways people used and conceptualized domestic space, their origins derived at least in part from environmental necessities rather than exclusively cultural values. The chapter focuses on the environmental contexts and constraints in which houses and settlements were built and provides a new perspective to social and cultural interpretative theories on domestic architecture.
The Tower Houses of the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Marouard Gregory
Published: May 2024

This chapter suggests that the preference for multistory houses could have encouraged the development of insulae at the end of the Ptolemaic Period. The multistory house is a common feature of the Egyptian settlement landscape and the urban house had incorporated upper levels for a long time before the Hellenistic Period. Archaeology often remains laconic, but iconographic sources attest to one or two stories in elite domestic contexts at least since the early New Kingdom. The chapter defines in detail a particular form of habitat of the tower house of the Ptolemaic Period and the specific urban organization that accompanies it. It puts the most recent archaeological data in dialogue with limestone or terracotta models, attempting a three-dimensional reconstruction of this dwelling type.
The Papyrus Trail
Authors: Thompson Dorothy J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses the contribution of the documentary record to the understanding of houses and households in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt. It explores different forms of text about definitions, household size and makeup, and the relationship of households to houses. It also suggests that in the Ptolemaic Period, household size and composition reflect differences in society that correlate with the ethnic divide found in the nomenclature of the householders named in texts. The chapter demonstrates how Greek nomenclature tended to go along with economic and social privilege. It discusses the nature of change in the Roman Period when texts deriving from a broader time period and geographical cover suggest an increase in the size of both households and houses that coincides with an overall increase in population figures.
Habitatio
Authors: Huebner Sabine R.
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores one of the legal arrangements that might structure an individual's or family's relationship to a dwelling, underlining that the resident of a house might not be its legal owner. The chapter examines the transfer of houses upon the death of the head of the household from the perspective of the deceased's widow and the children. The rich documentary evidence on the sharing of domestic space is set against ancient legal texts and literary sources about ideal constructs of households in the case of inheritance. The chapter describes the power relations within the household. It outlines the ways that gender, marital status, age, and class that wound up affecting legal practice concerning household ownership.
Greco-Roman Households in Pharaonic Perspective
Authors: Müller Miriam
Published: May 2024

This chapter advocates for the reintegration of material and textual evidence to construct a more holistic understanding of ancient households. It confirms the importance of studying and understanding houses, households, and homes in ancient Egypt and throughout the wider Mediterranean and Near East. It also brings together a great selection of case studies that present an integration of archaeology, texts, and material culture that expand the understanding of houses and households. The chapter reviews the immediate surroundings of the physical frame of the house, the presence of extended families and different forms of cohabitation, and the study of violence and its location within the physical space of the household. It discusses the significance of textual records in combination with the archaeological record, the role of gender and women, the integration of bioarchaeological evidence in a focus on ancient diet, and the use patterns and discard activity in household space.
CHamoru Land Stewardship and Military Land Taking
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with an exploration of CHamoru land stewardship and the låncho (ranch) system that persisted through the Spanish period, the pre-World War II era, and the Japanese occupation of Guåhan during World War II. The chapter details how settler militarism functioned through the Guam Land and Claims Commission (GLCC), which was the primary institution that facilitated the confiscation of CHamoru-owned lands. Mapping this process exposes how the military used fear to coerce CHamorus into selling their lands or accepting the cash settlements they were offered. This systematic condemnation of privately owned property throughout the island contradicts the liberation of Guåhan narrative used by the military. Addressing these injustices, many CHamorus and a small number of white Americans publicly criticized the military's occupation of lands that had been condemned. The chapter then looks at the Organic Act of 1950, which only legitimized military land takings.
Survival and Witness at Europe's Border
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This book focuses on one of the most mediatized migrant disasters in Europe. On October 3, 2013, an overcrowded fishing boat carrying Eritrean refugees caught fire near Lampedusa, Italy, where 368 people died. This book shows with empathy and passion how this disaster produced a kaleidoscope of afterlives that continue to assume different forms depending on the position of the witness or survivors. Pasts and futures intersect in the present when people who were touched by the disaster engage with its memory and politics. The book underscores how the perspective of survival can envision a way forward from a horrific unsustainable present. The book develops the concept of survival to rethink border deaths beyond the structures and processes that produce the murderous border and constitute the focus of critical migration studies. It demonstrates how the process of survival transforms people and societies. Survival is productive, the book argues, shifting the focus in migration studies from apparatuses of control to emphasize the agency and subjectivity of refugees.
Introduction
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the afterlives of the disaster that occurred on October 3, 2013, which is known in Italy as la strage di Lampedusa or the massacre of Lampedusa. It reviews how the disaster continues to reappear in the public sphere through two domains: representation and memorialization. It also analyzes the politics, subjectivities, and relationships that emerge through the disaster's afterlives. The chapter addresses how the disaster shapes not only the lives of individuals, families, and communities, but also the European Union, which created the conditions in which the natural forces of the sea kill certain people. It looks at different types of witnesses that engage with the disaster through representations and memorializations.
Temples of Tomorrow
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter shows how modernism's roots developed from the nineteenth century and how symbolists like William Butler Yeats were important conduits to the later work of High modernism. The chapter discusses an evident spiritual proclivity that pervades the early issues of the Little Review alongside the subjects of literature, sexuality, and politics. The concept of the Little Review as a “personal magazine” is the central blueprint for Margaret Anderson's creation where she dictated the form and content as a form that encompassed a magazine based on conversation. The chapter reviews Anderson and Jane Heap's approach which signifies what both new modernist and periodical studies point to as the dialogics of modernism. The precise method of conversation in the Little Review mirrored the intricate and comprehensive spirit of the entire movement of modernism.