bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students of Imperial Moscow University in the Legal Framework of the Russian Empire: Surveillance from Three Angles
Authors: Fadeeva Marina
Published: December 2016

An inquiry into the history of creation of the Moscow University Professors’ Disciplinary Court in 1902 and into its activities allows for rethinking the status of the student community in Russian society of that time. Students had to obey the body of laws common for all Russian subjects as well as university charters and regulations, and they were also under intensive police surveillance. Analyzing the legal framework of students, reconstructing the adjudication mechanism of the Professors’ Disciplinary Court as well as specific cases based on archival materials, we can see how students were affected when the government adopted a discipline monitoring policy. University students brought before the Professors’ Disciplinary Court were charged with breaking administrative rules (most often rioting and being drunk in the street) and the university code (from passing on an I D badge to a third party to forging a professor’s signature).
Scope of Thesis Research in the Area of Physical Science Education
Authors: Laptev Vladimir , Larchenkova Lyudmila
Published: December 2016

We have analyzed the topics of the candidate’s and doctor’s degree theses on theory and methods of teaching physics defended in 2000–2015. In the paper, we justify using a thesis database to identify the key areas of research in this field. We describe how thesis topics are distributed across levels of education (secondary and tertiary), how topics of the theses dealing with tertiary education are distributed across specializations and areas of research defined by the formal specialty description. We also identify the most active research topics in theory and methods of teaching physics as well as top-priority research avenues for the foreseeable future.
To Remain a Teacher? Factors Influencing Attitudes to Leaving the Teaching Profession
Authors: Maslinsky Kirill , Ivaniushina Valeria
Published: December 2016

The present study examines structural and socio-psychological factors affecting attitudes towards quitting profession among school teachers. We explore effects of perceived workplace difficulties, employment opportunities, self-efficacy beliefs, and emotional attachment to teaching profession. The survey was conducted among public secondary school teachers in Saint Petersburg, Russia (N = 730). The regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy beliefs and professional commitment are the strongest predictors forretention, some work-related stress factors contribute to the likelihood of switching profession, while the number of years of teaching experience and work experience outside of teaching have no effect. The results do not support the hypothesis that early-career teachers are more tolerant to switching professions. The implications for retaining teachers in the profession are discussed.
Trade Orientation of Industries and Employment Performance in Indian Manufacturing: Recent Trends, Patterns and Implications
Authors: Jadhav Kishor , Husain Tareef
Published: December 2016

This paper explores employment trends and patterns differently based on the industry’s trade orientation. These employment patterns cover two disadvantaged categories of workers viz., women vis-à-vis men, contract vis-à-vis regular workers. The results suggest that a low trade dependent industry has more employment opportunities for women workers. In comparisons of employment opportunities between women and men workers, a high level of employment disparity is found. Similarly, gap between regular and contract workers have widened after the trade liberalisation. It is found that major industry groups have revealed slightly increasing employment growth during the 1989-1990 to 1999-2000. In the period from 2000-01 to 2005-06, employment growth rates declined by more than two times in Indian manufacturing. This study also finds that employment has reported highest growth in import competing industries; whereas export oriented industries have also reported positive but marginal growth.
India’s New Stance on Global Warming
Authors: Arora Neha
Published: December 2016

India ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November, 1993 and is a non-Annex party to the UNFCCC. Accordingly, as a Non Annex Party, India is not liable to legally reduce its Greenhouse gases under the convention. However India has taken a responsible stance towards Global warming and Climate change. Recent measures and developments at the governmental front and initiatives undertaken by the private sector have paved the way for sustainable development. The present paper studies the recent financial and market based mechanisms and the underlying policy environment for low carbon development in India undertaken by Indian government and the Indian corporate sector. The various policy mechanisms initiated include the Coal Cess, Carbon tax, Issuance of Masala bonds and Subsidies on solar enabled appliances. The Indian corporate sector has attracted commendable admiration by the Global leaders owing to the integration of sustainability into business activities. The issuance of Green bonds, voluntary GHG emissions disclosure in the Carbon Disclosure Project Report and establishment of Greenex are the various recent sustainable steps taken by industry leaders to fight global warming.
Life Insurance: An International Comparison
Authors: Deepa Manisha Choudhary
Published: December 2016

Life insurance market is being increasingly recognised as an engine of economic growth. It fulfils the twin objectives of providing social security and long term funds for the economy. The present study is an attempt to study the life insurance performance of the selected economies according to the two accepted parameters, namely, life insurance penetration and life insurance density. This international comparison over the period 2001 to 2011 is successful in bringing out certain interesting results. The developed economies exhibit high penetration and density of life insurance but their growth is retarded. The developing economies, on the other hand, despite of lagging behind in absolute terms of both penetration and density have shown stupendous growth. This shows the hidden potential for the growth of life insurance in case of the developing economies where the developed economies have reached saturation.
Information and its Usage in Contemporary Business Performance
Authors: Stamenkovic Sasa , Stamatović Milan
Published: December 2016

The contemporary society, as well as business performance relies on the information technologies which provide the transmission of information in a quick and efficient way. A large scale of information is at disposal, and it is up to the user to filter the volume and quality for making the decision. The results of the research held in the sampled organizations dealing in the energy field have shown that the examinees employed in the organization spend most of the day at the computer; while there is significant difference regarding the time spent watching TV by the examinees having different level of education. The examinees did not evaluate differently regardless of their gender, age and education the information quality received through certain media. The age and education affect the differences in the attitude towards information, the possibilities of their processing and quality assessment when a decision is to be made. This indicates that although almost identically evaluated information from certain media via which the examinees are informed, the quality level of information and the attitude of the person receiving them at the moment of making the decision, differs depending on the characteristics of the receiver. In the contemporary society, a significant information resource without the human resource may be positive, but it can also influence negatively the business decision making.
Algorithm of international relations geoinformation mapping
Authors: Liyashenko D.
Published: December 2016

The objective of the article is to show the algorithm of international relations geoinformation mapping. During the mapping we can mine unknown or hidden knowledge which can be understood from the spatial database and improve the ability of interpreting data. The algorithm of mapping can be divided into five phases described as follows: investigation of potential map user’s demands, spatial data analysis and selection (accuracy, consistency, fullness); scale, map projections and map composition choice (main meridian, map frame, map distortions), spatial data preprocessing (metadata description, data normalization, data generalization, data quality control, error detection, anomalies, duplication and noise detection, correction of errors, data deduplication), data mining (creation of classifications, cluster and factor analysis, decision trees, neural networks, self-organizing maps, association rules, quality assessment), map creation, knowledge representation and evaluation.
The article arranges experience of international relations geoinformation mapping. The international relations maps of Ukraine potential users (state and region management, educational, cultural, advocacy, international marketing and advertising, media business), subjects (substance, energy and information flows) and indicators arrays are proposed. Main subjects of maps can be described as follows: military-political, economicpolitical, socio-political and ideological relations; migrations and refugees, international tourism, export and import of goods and services, information flows (flows of culture elements, artifacts and tangible cultural monuments, scientific knowledge, ideas, technologies, traditions, beliefs, ideology, etc.), transport and business infrastructure. The requirements for spatial data sources for international relations geoinformation mapping are defined. The algorithm of international relations static and interactive maps creation and analysis are founded. The flow chart of Ukraine international relations geoinformation mapping algorithm is presented.
Data processing technology of remote sensing in glaciology
Authors: Pidlisetska I. , Silveistrov H. , Tomchenko O.
Published: December 2016

This article shows the analysis of remote sensing methods for needs of glaciology and trends of modern research. Remote sensing not only accelerates the process of investigation of natural resources, but also provides fundamentally new information about the nature of the Earth, its components, phenomena and processes, which cannot be obtained by conventional methods.
For most of glacial regions of the world scientists continue collecting information about the current condition of glaciers and changes that occur to them. However, often it is difficult to organize direct observation of some glaciers because of their apartness. Therefore, the main method of such research is using remote sensing data.
Here is an instance of remote sensing data processing technology on an example of the glacier Columbia (Alaska, USA) ice cover using modern GIS-package ArcGIS. For our research we used four Landsat satellite images during different years (1975, 1986, 2001, 2015) obtained through Earth Explorer Service of United States Geological Survey (USGS). Images have been synthesizing in various combinations of channels to improve displaying the object and its visual perception. We were able to estimate changes of the ice cover of the area for 40 years. We used a method of automated classification for determining glacier borders, which is based on snow index NDSI using. The result of work is a map of Columbia glacier ice cover changes for forty years, which has allowed exploring the dynamics of glacier retreat and demonstrates its border changes.
Today remote sensing completely allows solving crucial problems of understanding the evolution of natural processes, such as glaciology research. Long-term monitoring of glaciers is currently one of the few ways to track global climate changing on the planet.
Mathematical Models for Interrelation of Characteristics of the Developing Defects with the Parameters of Acoustic Emission Signals
Authors: Marasanov Volodymyr , Sharko Artem
Published: December 2016

Mathematical models and mechanisms of acoustic emission signal generation are presented. It is shown that the reasons of acoustic emission signal origin are related to the local alterations of microstructure of materials and processes of movement of distribution at formation of tensions in solids. It is proved that the origination of signals is based on the analysis of acoustic wave energy released per load cycle and the work of the external forces at elastic deflection.
Percepción de la comunidad del archipiélago de Bocas del Toro, Panamá, sobre el impacto de la industria turística
Authors: Camargo Velandia Mercedes
Published: December 2016

Desarrollar políticas públicas que impulsen el turismo y respondan al cambio climático exige el análisis de múltiples variables sociales, económicas y ambientales. En el contexto de la gestión de las zonas aisladas físicamente, como los archipiélagos, dicho análisis depende de conocer las características ambientales y las necesidades socioeconómicas de las comunidades locales que permitan reconocer las percepciones de los individuos. Este trabajo se centra en este aspecto social y se interesa en conocer la percepción de la comunidad sobre los impactos socioeconómicos y ambientales que ha experimentado en los últimos años como consecuencia del turismo que se está desarrollando en el archipiélago de Bocas del Toro. En la investigación se realizaron 200 entrevistas durante 2013 en cuatro islas del archipiélago de Bocas que desarrollan actividades turísticas. Los resultados del estudio permiten caracterizar a la comunidad y conocer su percepción teniendo en cuenta que desarrollan actividades estrechamente ligadas al turismo y que este se desarrolla en un escenario altamente desregularizado, donde hay una débil capacidad de control y seguimiento por parte del Estado, lo que ha impulsado un proceso desordenado de construcción y ocupación del territorio.Se concluye que la percepción de la comunidad local se encuentra dividida marginalmente a favor del desarrollo de la industria turística por una mayor conciencia de los costos y beneficios que el turismo ha traído. Sin embargo, las voces de euforia inicial con la venta de casas y terrenos a extranjeros realizada en los años noventa han cedido espacio a una visión más crítica y más social. Los aspectos más positivos del desarrollo de la industria del turismo en este lugar son su aporte en el dinamismo de la economía local –en comparación con la situación de 1983– y la mejora en la infraestructura, que han resultado atractivos para que personas de otros lugares lleguen al archipiélago en busca de oportunidades de trabajo. Los encuestados no notan que haya un deterioro importante de los ecosistemas y reconocen que ellos no tienen una cultura ambiental para proteger las playas. La comunidad local utiliza y valora 14 servicios ecosistémicos, especialmente los de provisión, soporte y cultural, que forman parte de sus estrategias y medios de vida. Los operadores turísticos valoran seis servicios, específicamente de provisión, regulación y cultura, que están estrechamente ligados al desarrollo de la actividad turística, el acceso y la oportunidad de integrarse a la labor turística. También se descubre que las mujeres, en general, reciben menos ingresos que los hombres.
Percepción de seguridad del turismo extranjero que arriba en casas rodantes a Playas de Mazatlán (Sinaloa)
Authors: Flores Gamboa Silvestre , Mariño Jiménez Juan Pablo , León Santiesteban Martín , Liz Andrea Del Pilar
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo recoge la percepción de seguridad que tienen los visitantes que viajan en casas rodantes y se hospedan en establecimientos conocidos como trailer parks en las playas del puerto de Mazatlán, principal destino turístico en el estado de Sinaloa (México). Además, se recopila información sociodemográfica y económica de los respondientes por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos. Así mismo, se realizan correlaciones para demostrar la asociación entre quienes cambian sus planes de viajes en respuesta a las advertencias realizadas por el gobierno del país de origen, sean estos de EE. UU. y/o de Canadá. Entre los resultados es posible identificar la estadía y el gasto promedio diario y mensual, también elementos que inciden en su decisión de viaje. Finalmente, se analiza el papel que juega la seguridad en algunos sitios de atracción turística dentro del destino, así como en los servicios de transporte, sus playas e impresiones acerca de las alertas de viaje que emiten autoridades de Gobierno estadounidenses y canadienses.
Turismo médico: generalidades para su comprensión integral
Authors: Martínez Chaves Daniel
Published: December 2016

Se plantea un estudio sobre el desarrollo del turismo médico, con su enfoque teórico, epistemológico y crítico, y con un formato lógico y concreto, que permita al lector comprender la complejidad de modo mesurado y técnico. Posterior a esto, se aborda cómo implementar los conceptos y sus características al plano práctico (metodología), sus variables y las interrelaciones de estas en forma integral u holística. Se concluye con la propuesta de un método heurístico de diseño propio del investigador, por medio del cual se sugiere cómo abordar la complejidad y comprenderla para estructurar los elementos que un destino turístico deberá plantearse para ser competitivo dentro de la modalidad de turismo médico.
Comportamiento del sector de alimentos y bebidas y los elementos del marketing mix en la Ciudad de Quito
Authors: Salazar Duque Diego Alfredo
Published: December 2016

Generalmente, se ha considerado que distintos criterios de los elementos que conforman el marketing mix tradicional influyen significativamente en el comportamiento de los sectores de servicios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y determinar el comportamiento del sector de alimentos y bebidas y su relación con algunos criterios que forman parte de los elementos del marketing mix tradicional en la ciudad de Quito. Para ello, se formulan cuatro hipótesis que son contrarrestadas por medio de una interpretación de datos en forma cuantitativa o cualitativa. Como resultado, se concluye que la geografía, la dimensión gastronómica, los movimientos gastronómicos y la promoción no inciden de forma significativa en el comportamiento del mercado en la ciudad de Quito, a diferencia de la relación significativa que existe entre la zona geográfica, el precio del plato y la capacidad máxima de clientes de un establecimiento de alimentos y bebidas al momento de cubrir una demanda en el mercado de esta ciudad.
Servi Travel Ltda., Una propuesta de gestión para mejorar su competitividad y sostenibilidad en el sector turístico
Authors: Castro Gómez Leidy Carolina , Ramírez Flórez Laura Paola , Rodríguez Peláez Laura Vanessa , Sierra Martínez Laura Cristina , Torres Leguizamón Silvana Carolina , Torres Sandoval Laura María
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es crear una propuesta de mejoramiento en la gestión que desarrolla la empresa Servi Travel Ltda., mediante el análisis de las variables internas y externas, como el contexto nacional e internacional, el sector económico de las agencias de viajes y las fortalezas y debilidades de la compañía. El modelo de Tom Lambert de planeación estratégica fue usado para la propuesta; este modelo comienza con la visión de Servi Travel Ltda., continúa con la situación actual (oportunidades, amenazas, fortalezas y debilidades) y la misión de la organización. Desde este punto, se proponen estrategias alternativas dirigidas hacia una práctica sostenible y rentable, algunas de las cuales fueron elegidas. La responsabilidad, el tiempo, la supervisión y la comunicación de la estrategia fueron asignados a los miembros de la organización. El modelo finaliza cuando la compañía pone en práctica la propuesta y realiza una evaluación de esta.
O indivíduo como protagonista de sua existência e a expansão do Poder Judiciário
The individual as main character of his existence and the expansion of the Judiciary
Authors: Vargas Thiago De Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Muito se tem discutido a respeito da expansão do Poder Judiciário. Questões jurídicas são levantadas como hipóteses à explicação deste fenômeno. O presente ensaio buscará, entretanto, debater este tema sob outra perspectiva. Uma perspectiva filosófica hegeliana que buscará analisar o papel do indivíduo nessa expansão do Poder Judiciário. Abordar-se-á a condição existencial do indivíduo consciente-de-si e do seu papel junto à sociedade, mais especificamente a sua condição de ser-no-mundo para concluir que, talvez, muito da expansão do Poder Judiciário se deva a uma omissão do próprio indivíduo que parece estar a aceitar o papel de coadjuvante – ou mesmo de figurante – de sua existência.
Discriminação no direito latino-americano: precedentes da Corte Interamericana e a tradução da Convenção
Discrimination in latin american law: inter-american court precedents and translation of the convention
Authors: Lima Marcheri Pedro
Published: December 2016

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar os padrões de julgamento que orientam a formação de precedentes da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Estes precedentes que colacionam a liberdade de expressão e o discurso de ódio influenciam a forma da criminalização dos delitos de discriminação odiosa. Os tratados internacionais podem prover uma alterativa adequada para o alinhamento da legislação criminal aos sistemas mais modernos que criminalizam o discurso de ódio. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, e jurisprudencial, apresentam-se aspectos relativos a tal adaptação. Todavia, esta incorporação do conteúdo normativo da Convenção Interamericana não foi realizada com sucesso pelo Brasil em virtude de erros técnicos em sua tradução. Estas erronias prejudicam o acesso à jurisdição da Corte em razão do estreitamento das hipóteses de violação da Convenção.
Inovação em processos: uma empresa metalmecânica analisada sob a ótica da teoria dos sistemas e da teoria da complexidadeInnovation in processes: A metalworking company analyzed from the perspective of systems theory and complexity theory
Authors: Parcianello João Carlos , Griebeler Marcos Paulo Dhein
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a inovação em processos na empresa metalmecânica denominada Fábrica de Secadores, Classificadores e Elevadores Ltda. (FASCE). A empresa e suas inovações em processo foram analisadas por intermédio da teoria dos sistemas e da teoria da complexidade, denominadas simplesmente por sistemas abertos complexos, expostas inicialmente no referencial teórico. A ênfase dada ao tratamento da informação, principalmente por meio de um gatekeeper, potencializa o desenvolvimento de inovações em processo na empresa. O entendimento de que as partes do sistema se relacionam entre si, com o próprio sistema e este com outros sistemas – sistema aberto – desvenda uma série de interações complexas, as quais permitem a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento da empresa, da mesma maneira que um sistema vivo. As inovações em processo na empresa FASCE propiciam um eficiente desenvolvimento empresarial, pois auxiliam a torná-la competitiva.
Pesquisa de clima como ferramenta de análise do comportamento humano no ambiente organizacional
Climate survey as human behavior analysis tool in the organizational environment
Authors: Oliveira Fabianne Pinto de , Obregon Sandra Leonara , Brito Lucas Charão , Tolfo Ribas Fábio Teodoro , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Carneiro Linéia
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo foi realizado em uma empresa de guindastes cujo objetivo foi identificar quais os fatores que impactam no clima organizacional. Metodologicamente, classifica-se como uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, através de um estudo de caso. Constatou-se que em relação aos fatores internos de influência, destacam-se negativamente as questões relacionadas aos salários e benefícios. Contudo,  são evidenciados o bom ambiente de trabalho, o relacionamento interpessoal e a confiança nos líderes imediatos. Externamente ao âmbito organizacional, evidencia-se a preocupação com a família e/ou filhos e ressalta-se a insatisfação com a situação financeira.
Ambiente formativo do Centro Internacional de Arte e Cultura Humanista Recanto Maestro
Training environment of the International Center for Humanist Art and Culture Recanto Maestro
Authors: Wazlawick Patrícia , Schaefer Ricardo , Volkova Elena , Dmitrieva Victoria , Vereitnova Tatiana , Mikhaliuk Olga , Volkova Irina
Published: December 2016

Esta pesquisa configura-se, metodologicamente, como um estudo de caso e estudo teórico, no viés das pesquisas qualitativas, acerca do Centro Internacional de Arte e Cultura Humanista Recanto Maestro. Seu objetivo geral é conhecer o ambiente formativo deste Projeto, principalmente quando se propõe à formação de jovens – sendo estes estudantes universitários e no início de suas atividades profissionais, e também continuamente na formação pessoal e profissional de jovens e adultos. Apresenta e discute a proposta e a lógica de formação integral junto ao protagonismo responsável, tendo por base a Pedagogia Ontopsicológica, no Recanto Maestro, e apresenta os pilares da formação dos jovens, bem como as diretivas para a formação dos mesmos na Faculdade Antonio Meneghetti. Os resultados são evidenciados principalmente pelos resultados concretos da formação dos jovens que ali estudam, se formam e trabalho, e demonstram que o sujeito pode ter vida saudável, produtiva e realizada.
FIQIH NUSANTARA (Kontekstualisasi Hukum Islam dalam Pandangan T.M. Hasbi al-Shiddiqi)
Authors: Maimun Maimun
Published: December 2016

Perbedaan ruang dan waktu berakibat pada perubahan dan kemajuan peradaban telah membentuk perbedaan pendekatan hukum Islam yang lebih didasarkan pada kultur dan tradisi masya­rakat. Dalam konteks ini TM. Hasbi al-Shiddiqi muncul sebagai ulama pertama yang berkonsentrasi pada pembentukan fiqih Indonesia. Ia merupakan tokoh reformis yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh al-Kalali dan Ahmad Soorkati.  Dalam merealisasikan pandangannya, Hasbi menawarkan formulasi konsep ijtihad yang berorientasi lokal keindonesiaan, yaitu; Ijtihad dengan mengklasifikasikan hukum produk ulama mazhab masa lalu kemudian dipilih produk hukum yang masih cocok untuk diterapkan dalam masyarakat Indonesia; Ijtihad dengan mengklasifikasikan hukum-hukum yang semata-mata didasar­kan pada adat dan kebiasaan serta suasana masyarakat dimana hukum tersebut berkembang; dan Ijtihad dengan mencari hukum-hukum terhadap masalah kontemporer yang timbul sebagai akibat dari kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Sedangkan tawaran konsep metodologis­nya meliputi pemahaman tentang fiqih dan syari’ah, analisis kese­jarahan, pendekatan sosio kultural, dan studi perbandingan.
O reacionarismo da opinião pública e seu papel determinante na legitimação ideológica da violência policial
Authors: Bittencourt Renato Nunes
Published: December 2016

O artigo visa analisar os discursos conservadores incrustrados tradicionalmente na opinião pública brasileira acerca das ações repressivas das forças policiais contra não apenas a dita marginalidade, mas também qualquer movimento de resistência ao caráter arbitrário do Estado alheio aos interesses efetivamente populares, evidenciando que essa disposição nasce da internalização da opressão na própria subjetividade da massa social, tornando essa violência oficial do Estado algo natural. O artigo coloca também como pauta de discussão a importância das mobilizações populares como mecanismo político de resistência efetiva ao autoritarismo do Estado como um processo progressivo de tomada de consciência do povo acerca de sua potencial cidadania.
Raciocínio Baseado em Casos
Authors: Silva Liliane Pereira da , Souza Sofia Mara de
Published: December 2016

RESUMOO artigo apresenta uma abordagem do Raciocínio Baseado em Casos, onde o mesmo nasceu a partir do modelo de solução de problemas da memória humana, inspirando assim a criação de programas para resolver problemas atuais. É uma técnica que tem por objetivo resolver um problema a partir do conhecimento de problemas passados, comparando-os com o novo problema, e adaptando assim para uma nova solução. Neste abordaremos, desde sua definição, as técnicas utilizadas, as etapas de seu desenvolvimento, bem como suas vantagens e desvantagens.Palavras-chave: Inteligência artificial, Adaptação e Aprendizagem. ABSTRACTThe paper presents an approach of Case Based Reasoning, where it was born from the problems of human memory solution model, thus inspiring the creation of programs to address current problems. It is a technique that aims to solve a problem from the knowledge of past problems, comparing them with the new problem, and adapting well to a new solution. This will cover, from its definition, the techniques used, the stages of its development, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Adaptation and Learning.. RESUMENEl artículo presenta un enfoque de Razonamiento Basado, en el que nació de los problemas del modelo de solución de la memoria humana, inspirando así la creación de programas para hacer frente a los problemas actuales. Es una técnica que tiene como objetivo resolver un problema desde el conocimiento de los problemas del pasado, comparándolos con el nuevo problema, y adaptar así a una nueva solución. Esto cubrirá, de su definición, las técnicas utilizadas, las etapas de su desarrollo, así como sus ventajas y desventajas.Descriptores: Inteligencia Artificial, adaptación y aprendizaje.
Determinação do volume de resíduos químicos gerados no Laboratório de Solos da Fundação Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Authors: Moreira Deny Cesar , Rodrigues Nayara Monteiro
Published: December 2016

RESUMOEste artigo apresenta a estimativa e caracterização, quantitativa e qualitativa, dos resíduos químicos ativos do laboratório de Solos da Universidade Estadual do Tocantins. É apresentado o levantamento de todos os reagentes utilizados no laboratório e seus respectivos quantitativos, bem como classificados os produtos químicos considerados perigosos. Determinou-se o volume total dos reagentes gastos nas análises de rotina e ainda a classificação quanto aos graus de Riscos e Periculosidade dos mesmos. Além das próprias amostras de solos, são gerados resíduos ácidos e básicos perigosos, de forma que as informações aqui levantadas podem vir a subsidiar ações voltadas ao correto gerenciamento desses resíduos.Palavras-Chave: Laboratório, Resíduos Químicos, Gerenciamento de Resíduos.  ABSTRACTThis article presents the estimation and characterization, quantitative and qualitative, of chemical waste assets Soils Laboratory of Tocantins State University. The lifting of all reagents used in the laboratory and their quantitative and classified the chemicals considered hazardous appears. It was determined the total volume of reagents spent on routine analyzes and even the classification of the degree of Risk and Hazard of them. In addition to the soil samples, acidic and basic residues dangerous are generated so that the information collected here are likely to support actions aimed at proper management of such waste.Key Words: Laboratory, Chemical Waste and Waste Management.  RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta laestimación y caracterización, cuantitativa y cualitativa, de losactivos de residuos químicos Laboratorio de Suelos de laUniversidaddel Estado de Tocantins. El levantamiento de todos losreactivos utilizados enellaboratorio y sus productos químicos cuantitativos y anunciosconsiderada aparece peligrosos. Se determinóelvolumen total de losreactivos gastados enelanálisis de rutina y tambiénlaclasificación de los grados de riesgo y de peligro de losmismos. Además de lasmuestras de suelo, se generanresiduospeligrosos ácidos y básicos, por lo que lainformación reunida aquípuedevenir a apoyarlasaccionesencaminadas a una gestiónadecuada de estosresiduos.Descriptores: Laboratorio, Los Desechos Químicos, La Gestión de Residuos.
Newborn Care in the Home and Health Facility: Formative Findings for Intervention Research in Cambodia
Authors: Bazzano Alessandra N. , Taub Leah D. , Oberhelman Richard , Var Chivorn
Published: December 2016

Global coverage and scale up of interventions to reduce newborn mortality remains low, though progress has been achieved in improving newborn survival in many low-income settings. An important factor in the success of newborn health interventions, and moving to scale, is appropriate design of community-based programs and strategies for local implementation. We report the results of formative research undertaken to inform the design of a newborn health intervention in Cambodia. Information was gathered on newborn care practices over a period of three months using multiple qualitative methods of data collection in the primary health facility and home setting. Analysis of the data indicated important gaps, both at home and facility level, between recommended newborn care practices and those typical in the study area. The results of this formative research have informed strategies for behavior change and improving referral of sick infants in the subsequent implementation study. Collection and dissemination of data on newborn care practices from settings such as these can contribute to efforts to advance survival, growth and development of newborns for intervention research, and for future newborn health programming.
Discrete Particle Method for Simulating Hypervelocity Impact Phenomena
Authors: Watson Erkai , Steinhauser Martin O.
Published: December 2016

In this paper we introduce a computational model for the simulation of hypervelocity impact (HVI) phenomena which is based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Our paper constitutes the first application of DEM to the modeling and simulating of impact events for velocities beyond 5 kms−1. We present here the results of a systematic numerical study on HVI of solids. For modeling the solids, we use discrete spherical particles that interact with each other via potentials. In our numerical investigations we are particularly interested in the dynamics of material fragmentation upon impact. We model a typical HVI experiment configuration where a sphere strikes a thin plate and investigate the properties of the resulting debris cloud. We provide a quantitative computational analysis of the resulting debris cloud caused by impact and a comprehensive parameter study by varying key parameters of our model. We compare our findings from the simulations with recent HVI experiments performed at our institute. Our findings are that the DEM method leads to very stable, energy–conserving simulations of HVI scenarios that map the experimental setup where a sphere strikes a thin plate at hypervelocity speed. Our chosen interaction model works particularly well in the velocity range where the local stresses caused by impact shock waves markedly exceed the ultimate material strength.
Remote Control for Robot Walking via Gesture Detected by Inertial Sensor
Authors: Xiang Na , Wang Fa-fa , Wang Bin-bin , Yi Sheng-lun , Jin Xue-bo , Su Ting-li , Kong Jian-lei , Bai Yu-ting
Published: December 2016

Wearable technology has been proposed as a potential tool to change the way of human life, such as the smart bracelet and the Google Glass. In the wearable technology, the inertial sensor has great significance in tracking the object movements. The paper focused on detecting the movements of user’s finger based on the inertial sensor to give the control signals. Firstly, the attitude matrix, which represented the transformation relation of carrier coordinate system and the navigation coordinate system, was obtained. Secondly, the attitude matrix was expressed based on the quaternions. Thirdly, the finger gesture was processed by the attitude matrix to get the attitude angle. Finally, the robot was controlled by attitude angle to make the moving action. The experimental results showed the detection of the finger movement is effective.
Government Programme as A Strategy—Finnish Experience
Authors: Johanson Jan-Erik , Pekkola Elias , Husman Päivi
Published: December 2016

This article uses strategy metaphors consisting of a plan, a home and a game to study the government programme formation in Finland. The strategy approach both contradicts and complements the traditional political science approach to government formation. The government programme formation has been strategic in the sense of separating the formulation and implementation parts of the strategy formation according to the principles of planning ideas. The adopted austerity policy provides a meagre contribution to the expansion of services or the increase in government spending. Consequently, the home metaphor in the government programme appears in the distant future and in combating external threats. The game metaphor is apparent in the goal of making contracts with social partners. The vocabulary change from politics to strategy alters the government programme’s position in terms of catering to the needs of civil servants, citizens and stakeholders. The strategy perspective might be instrumental in shifting from an open democratic debate to a closed and secretive policy formation.
Food Additives and Contaminants: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota—A Review
Authors: Roca-Saavedra Paula , Mendez-Vilabrille Veronica , Miranda Jose Manuel , Lamas Alexandre , Nebot Carolina , Cardelle-Cobas Alejandra , Franco Carlos M. , Cepeda Alberto
Published: December 2016

Gut bacteria play an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases, such as obesity and its co-morbidities, like fatty liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes and cardiovascular events. Among several factors, dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antimicrobials and non-dietary factors, such as stress, age, exercise and climatic conditions, can dramatically impact the human gut microbiota diversity and equilibrium. However, the effect of minor food constituents, including food additives and trace contaminants, on human gut microbiota has received less attention. Consequently, the present review aimed to provide an objective perspective of the current knowledge regarding the impacts of minor food constituents on human gut microbiota and consequently, on human health.
Comparative Study of Issuing Bank’s Obligations towards Beneficiary of the Letter of Credit under UCP and English Law
Authors: Alavi Hamed
Published: December 2016

Process of international trade is complicated and risky. Risks will be more considerable when times come to deal with receiving/sending payments from/to unknown business partners in remote geographic areas. Employing documentary letters of credit (LC) is one of the ways to reduce payment risk in international business especially when partner’s financial standing is unknown to each other. By using the LC as method of payment, parties will shift payment obligation from buyer as a natural person to the guarantee of bank as a legal person. The process of using LC is complicated and involves different players and relations between them. Amongst all relations in process of LC transaction, relation between issuing bank and beneficiary is the most complicated and least clear from legal stand point. This article tries to shed light on vague aspects of relations between issuing bank and beneficiary by studying obligations of the issuing bank towards beneficiary under the law of documentary letters of credit while comparing provisions of UCP with English Common Law on subject matter. Main objective of paper is providing answer to the question of what is the role of issuing bank in the process of LC transaction and which liabilities does it have towards beneficiary? Article consists of five main parts. Part one will provide an introduction to function and relation among different parties in process of an international LC transaction. Further, it endeavours to tap on principle of autonomy and strict compliance as governing principles of documentary letters of credit. Part two and three will take a comprehensive look at legal basis of relations between issuing bank and beneficiary, as well as bank’s obligations under documentary credit law. Part four will discuss liabilities of issuing banks towards beneficiary and finally part five will touch upon situation in which bank will right to recourse against beneficiary.
Improving Aviation Safety in Indonesia: How Many More Accidents?
Authors: Nugraha Ridha Aditya
Published: December 2016

Numerous and consecutive aircraft accidents combined with a consistent failure to meet international safety standards in Indonesia, namely from the International Civil Aviation Organization and the European Aviation Safety Agency have proven a nightmare for the country’s aviation safety reputation. There is an urgent need for bureaucracy reform, harmonization of legislation, and especially ensuring legal enforcement, to bring Indonesian aviation safety back to world standards. The Indonesian Aviation Law of 2009 was enacted to reform the situation in Indonesia. The law has become the ground for drafting legal framework under decrees of the Minister of Transportation, which have allowed the government to perform follow-up actions such as establishing a single air navigation service provider and guaranteeing the independency of the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee. A comparison with Thailand is made to enrich the perspective. Finally, foreign aviation entities have a role to assist states, in this case Indonesia, in improving its aviation safety, considering the global nature of air travel.
Disparity in Human Rights Violations: A Political and International Law Perspective
Authors: Daud Aidir Amin
Published: December 2016

Right to life is non-derogable rights. A natural right that should not be revoked arbitrarily by anyone, including the state. A mass murder in events 1 October 1965 and Timor-Timor is a double series of states’ failure in protecting the rights of Indonesian peoples. Moreover, these two events get different treatment in its handling. The disparity in treatment between two cases is a big question related to the consistency of human rights enforcement in Indonesia. This study is a descriptive-qualitative research. While, to prove the truth, this study will use a comparative study. The findings show that the attitude of the United Nations that treat serious human rights violations in Timor-Timor and the events of 1965 in Indonesia, cannot be answered differently in the perspective of international law. Since it has a weakness where the political interests of ruling is very strong in influencing the decisions of the UN. The disparity in law enforcement in the event of serious human rights violations in 1965 and Timor-Timor due to the dynamics of international politics when it does not allow for the demands of human rights violations to the UNs’ International Court due to advantage for a certain state after the event. In order to reduce disparities in human rights violations, reconciliation is the most rational solution at this time compared remains demand the state for the violations. Besides, many human rights violations in certain countries that have successfully resolved through reconciliation approach.
Reconstruction of Strengthening the Right to Sustainable Groundwater (Assessing Model Policy in Bandar Lampung City)
Authors: Pane Erina
Published: December 2016

Implementation of sustainable development related to the management of groundwater resources in the area can be realized with the establishment of a policy which is inseparable from the values prevailing in the society. The formation of ground water resources management policies is not only technically partial, but must also be comprehensive-holistic. Groundwater management activities include the conservation and utilization of groundwater organized to realize the sustainability and continuity of availability of groundwater and its sustainable benefit. Water resources policy in the form of government intervention should be able to improve the efficient use of water resources in an optimal and sustainable and should provide reinforcement right to water for the community. Weight of policy should be placed in a fair way, where the public interest, private interest and the government’s interest is positioned in a balanced condition, but with the requirement that the parties are jointly responsible for creating actions in environmental improvements.
The Efficiency of Terpenes Extracts of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Seed to control Larval Stage of Callosobruchus maculates (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)
Authors: Mahmood Emad Ahmad , Mzahem Nawras Abdalmuhsen , Hasson Bashair Nasser
Published: December 2016

The current study has beenconduced to evaluate the effect of extracted crude terpens at the concentrations of 6,8% of seeds of Eucalyptuscamaldulensison the 4th larval instar oftheCallosobruchusmaculates and the percentage of the cowpea seed germination.The Results showed that the terpens extract of the concentration of 8% increases the mortality rate of the fourth larval instar and it reach to 63.3%, and then decrease of to 26.6,20% at concentration of 6%and forcontrol treatment respectively The percentage of adult emergence reduces to 0% at the concentration of 8% compared with control treatment in which it reach to 66.6%. The extraction atbothconcentrations 6,8% does not affect the germination rate
Extraction of Iraqi Jasminumsambac (L.)Oil and Study It?s Effect as Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Salman Zainab O. , Alwash Bushra M. J.
Published: December 2016

Key words:Jasminumsambac, Volatile oil, Antioxidant.
A study of anti fungal activity of a combination of essential oils from medical herbs against water molds
Authors: Al-Shammari Rana Hadi Hameed
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti fungal activity of a combination of essential oils against water molds. HPLC analysis was done to evaluate the quantity and quality of the active compounds in this combination which extracted from three herbs( Peppermint Menthapiperita ,Thyme Thymusvulgaris, Common sage Salvia officinalis L.) and the active compounds are Camphor,Menthol,,Thujone and Thymol with different concentrations. In this study (MIC) , (MFC) were measured and (LD50) determined after 48,96 h from fingerlings treatment of common carp in aquariums .The results of (MIC) were 0.025µl/ml for Aphanomyces sp. and 0.015µl/ml for both Achlya sp. and Fusariumsolani which showed significant differences(p
Physiological study to investigate the activity of an aqueous extract ofCinnamomum cassiabark on the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (stz)
Authors: AL-Muhammadi Qussay Noori Raddam
Published: December 2016

The present study was investigated the activity of aqueous extract from Cinnamomum cassia bark on the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic rats induced by Streptozotcin (STZ). In healthy rats the blood glucose levels were slightly decreased after six hoursof single oral administration with dose (25 mg/kg) of body wight, as well as four weeks after twice daily repeated oral administration of aqueous extract of Cinnamomum cassia bark. In streptozotocin induced diabetic rats we absorved high significant decreased (p