bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bez geniuszów, bez cudów — w kolektywie. Głos w dyskusji nad nową książką Wojciecha Sadego
Authors: Woszczek Marek
Published: December 2021

The paper indicates how an original Fleckian core of Wojciech Sady’s methodology significantly weakens some popular presentations of the history of empirical sciences (especially the so-called scientific revolutions), which are founded on a myth of a ‘lonely genius’ and ‘miraculous ideas’. Sady rightly emphasizes the collective-cognitive character of processes shaping the theoretical breakthroughs in physics, however he unnecessarily contends that there is some determinism behind them. In order to understand their dynamics, one needs the fine-grained historical-sociological analyses concerning the factors which regulate the work of the research collectives (also the early modern ones), but the widespread individualistic myths make that task much harder, even in a field of critical philosophy of science. It is suggested that the Fleckian perspective is also quite crucial in explaining the seemingly paradoxical waves of antiscientific sentiments which are clearly visible in the hypertechnological societies.
Uwarunkowania wykluczenia emerytalnego z dodatkowej części systemu emerytalnego w Polsce
Authors: Jedynak Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The study addresses the issues of exclusion from the supplementary part of the Polish pension system. The main goals of the research are: 1) characterising retirement exclusion as a specific type of financial exclusion, and 2) identifying and assessing key determinants of retirement exclusion in the supplementary part of the Polish pension system. The article is epistemological and classifying in nature. In the review part, the research methods used are based on a critical analysis of the literature and a synthesis of its conclusions. The main part is based on a meta-analysis of the results of surveys regarding pension awareness and propensity to save, elements of the economic analysis of law, and analysis of existing data. The presented considerations lead to the formulation of arguments, that justify the thesis that the scale and extent of retirement exclusion in the supplementary part of the Polish pension system are a derivative of factors included in four meta-categories: 1. low pension awareness, 2. low saving potential, 3. low propensity to save, and 4. limited availability of pension products.
Reasons to counterfeit: Supply, demand and distribution of counterfeit goods
Authors: Mussanova Aneliya
Published: December 2021

This research empathizes with the opportunities that drive demand for counterfeit goods. Governments, organizations and rights holders struggle to regulate the distribution and consumption of counterfeit products, so that consumer awareness has emerged as to what goods people counterfeit, and most importantly, why people intentionally buy counterfeit items. This article illustrates the incentives that inspire buyers to purchase counterfeit products, tactics that brand owners use to fuel their interest. It involves the development of demand, marketing tactics, and the implementation of consumer approach strategies by brands. It also reveals the complicated logistics and transporting routes creating manufacturing and transit hubs for counterfeiting,; it also demonstrates the lack of government intervention as well as the desperate need for policy revision. This article shows counterfeiting is phenomenon that governments, organizations, and most importantly, consumers all have equal interest in fighting against.
Contributions of Motor Behavior to Physical Education: what has changed in the last 15 years?
Authors: Tani Go
Published: December 2021

This article aimed to continue with the reflections on the relationship between Motor Behavior as a field of investigation and Physical Education as an area of knowledge, seeking to analyze what changes have occurred in the last 15 years, regarding the challenges and suggestions formulated in an article that I have published in the Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior’s first issue, in 2006. The analyzes carried out that were based on data extracted from publications throughout this period allow us to conclude that the picture has not had significant changes, particularly concerning the contribution of Motor Behavior researchers to a better definition of the academic identity of Physical Education, which is necessary for the proper contextualization of researches performed on motor behavior in the field. The results show the researchers' lack of interest in discussing more macroscopic themes of epistemological nature, concentrating on the publication of articles to increase their scientific productivity.
Effect of Rayleigh waves on the process of impact
Authors: Ольга Миколаївна Іванова  , Діна Іванівна Ільчишина
Published: December 2021

The thesis contains analysis of further development of the local theory of deformation of elastic bodies at their direct central collision. In particular, it determines dependence of dynamic interaction forces from local compression in the presence of effect of Rayleigh waves on the process of impact.The thesis analyzes collision of two identical bodies of revolution. At the relatively small speeds of convergence of objects in the zone of their dynamic contact there arise Rayleigh waves of different frequencies.Taking into consideration only the waves of the lowest frequency, since their effect is the maximum, duration of impact and coefficient of restitution are determined.
CALCULATION OF THE CYLINDRICAL WALLED PERFORATED SHELLS.
Authors: Sergei I Trubachev  , Olga N Аlekseychuk
Published: December 2021

The stress-strain state of thick-walled cylindrical perforated shell under internal pressure is consider. Defined the reduced stiffness of the shell by defining an equivalent thickness. A numerical calculation using solid (3D) and shell finite elements is done. Analyzed stress-straine state of circle perforating holes and the thickness of the wall. Compared the stress-straine state obtained on solid three-dimensional model with the results for a shell with equvivalent stiffness. Were given advice on the definition of strass-straine state by using the eqvivalent stiffness considering stress concentration.
Frequency response function simulation and evaluating in boring
Authors: Shykhalieiev Maksym , Medvedev Vadim
Published: December 2021

Finite element method of simulating frequency response function (FRF) for boring tool in LS-Dyna solver is investigated in this work. Nowadays, computer numerical simulation allows to obtain FRF using different materials model with high precision compared to real experiments with sensors like impact hammer testing. This function is used in construction of stability lobe diagrams that allows operator of machining center to avoid chatter self-excited vibrations. Such vibration is led to decreasing of productivity and quality in cutting of metals and other materials. Amplitude and phase angle for the model is obtained from LS-Dyna result interpreter, that reads binary files, created during simulation by the program. Amplitude and phase angle of frequency response function are depending on dynamic stiffness of machining system. Real and imaginary part of frequency response function have been obtained during simulation. With luck of dynamic stiffness amplitudes of response increases.
Creation of Sealed Strong Structures of Rocket and Space Equipment FDM Printing Methods by Ultem ™ 9085 Pei Plastic
Authors: Salenko Oleksandr , Derevianko Igor , Samusenko О. , Avramov Kostyantin , Lithot O. , Rogulin V.
Published: December 2021

The work shows the possibility of manufacturing products for rocket and space technology using the additive FDM-printing technology. The object of research is the nozzle plugs of the "membrane" type. Considering the specific-strength properties of the product during its operation during operation, as well as the features of the FDM-process, the design was optimized, the regularities of the formation of its properties were established. An impregnation technology has been developed to seal the product. The equipment was designed, and pneumatic tests were carried out. The properties of materials were investigated considering their guaranteed shelf life for 12 years of operation under accelerated climatic tests. It is shown that the production of products by FDM-printing methods is promising and expedient, since the properties being formed are predictable, achievable, and stable.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR FLEXIBLE AUTOMATED PRODUCTION
Authors: PUKHOVSKYY Еvhen
Published: December 2021

Design of flexible manufacturing  systems (FMS) of modern multi-level production is usually carried out on the basis of general rationing when using large recommendations.  At the same time, the specifics and features of a particular production are not always taken into account.  In such a design, the most important is the experience of the designer, which is not always based on modern methods of optimizing project solutions.  Therefore, the problem of creating automated design systems in the development of flexible automated productions (FAP), which use cost equipment with numerical control (CNC) is extremely urgent.    The development of automated design systems is based on the ideas of a systematic approach that determine different cycles of the process: design - production preparation - production. Information about the projected object is generated in the process of project development by different groups of users: researchers, designers, designers, technologists, production organizers. A multilevel, cyclical design process requires the use of such a volume of information that cannot be processed without the use of modern mathematical methods and calculated equipment. Therefore, it is extremely important to create automated gap design systems, which are marked by greater versatility, efficiency and possibility of development, improvement and adaptation to the conditions of various enterprises. Such requirements served as the basis for the creation of an automated design  system  , which allows to take into account a huge amount of information in the automatic cycle during the development of the project. The scientific novelty of the work is the development of an integrated automation system for the design of processing technology and the selection of elements of  FMS structures. At the same time, information unity with the system of technological training of production at the level of operation of  FMS is ensured.
Processes and technologies of cold gas dynamic spraying of products agricultural equipment
Authors: Dobrova Iryna
Published: December 2021

Modern equipment of processing industry, animal husbandry, bioenergy complexes is used for processing, storage or transportation of aggressive substances. Functional coatings made of inert materials do not enter into any chemical reactions with food, processed products, livestock waste, acids and other aggressive media. There is a question of protection of the equipment of the processing industry, animal husbandry, bioenergy complexes from aggressive environments by application of processes of a cold gas-dynamic spraying. This is an urgent problem for the development of protective technologies and appropriate equipment for the implementation of the process of creating functional coatings
Web-портал освітньо-наукового середовища як базовий елемент сучасного навчального процесу
Authors: Головко О. А.
Published: December 2021

У статті встановлюється значимість й ефективність веб-порталу освітньо-наукового середовище у сучасному освітньому процесі закладу вищої освіти. Експеримент складався із трьох етапів: вступного (інструктування), експериментального (упровадження дистанційного й змішаного навчання студентів вишу через веб-портал закладу освіти), підсумкового (опитування суб’єктів освітнього процесу). Проведене опитування засвідчило високий рівень значимості використання веб-порталу освітньо-наукового середовища в активізації навчально-пізнавальної діяльності студентства, у досягненні ними високих освітніх результатів, зростанні професійної майстерності представників науково-педагогічної спільноти закладу вищої освіти, формуванні цифрової грамотності усіх суб’єктів освітнього процесу, створенні модерного освітньо-розвивального середовища сучасного вищого навчального закладу.
Дискурс пам’ятей в назвах київських вулиць та площ (2014–2020 роки)
Authors: Андрійчук М. Т.
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена змінам в топоніміці української столиці, що відбулися протягом 2014–2020 років. Процес змін суттєво позначився на комунікативній сфері, викликав жваві дискусії між прихильниками проросійського та проукраїнського конструктів історичної пам’яті. Автором наголошено, що національно орієнтована топоніміка є важливим чинником формування національної пам’яті та ідентичності. Процеси зміни топоніміки проходили всі новопосталі держави та держави, що здійснювали транзит від тоталітарного до демократичного ладу.  Зміни назв міст, вулиць, площ та інших об’єктів топоніміки — невід’ємний фактор повернення в комунікаційний простір регіонів та держави в цілому історичної пам’яті, глорифікації власних героїв, культурних діячів та важливих подій.
Новітні жанри публічних виступів
Authors: Онкович Г. В. , Онкович А. Д.
Published: December 2021

У статті розглядаються поняття «презентація» і «вебінар» як новітні жанри публічних виступів. Аналіз джерел із журналістикознавства й літературознавства, жанрології та риторики засвідчує, що жанрова терміносистема активно поповнюється новими термінами і поняттями, котрі з’являються й у відносно нових вишівських курсах, наприклад, у курсі «Українська мова за професійним спрямуванням». Поняття «презентація» відносно давно вживається в освітньому просторі, але докладно його як жанр публічного виступу не розглядали. У статті його розглянуто на конкретних прикладах із практики занять. Новітні явища впевнено завойовують освітній та інформаційний простір. Вперше виокремлюємо поняття зі складником «вебінар».
Энтропийный анализ систем распределенной генерации
Authors: Клен Екатерина Сергеевна , Жуйков Валерий Яковлевич
Published: December 2021

Запропоновано для ентропійного аналізу систем розосередженої генерації використовувати функцію ентропійної дивергенції. Приведено опис системи розосередженої генерації через розподіл носіїв та ресурсів генерації та споживання. Запропоновано методику розрахунку імовірностей мікро- та макростанів системи. Наведено функцію ентропійної дивергенції, як інтегральну характеристику макростану системи розосередженої генерації, а також її основні властивості. Розраховано ентропійну дивергенцію потоку сонячного випромінювання. Проведено імітаційне моделювання системи розосередженої генерації, що складається з відновлюваного джерела енергії, накопичувача та активного навантаження, у програмному середовищі Matlab R2020a Simulink®. Наведено часові залежності зміни стану заряду накопичувача. Розраховано ентропію та ентропійну дивергенцію потоку енергії на виході накопичувача у такій системі. Показано, що для зменшення величини ентропійної дивергенції потоку енергії на виході накопичувача, необхідно наблизити режим його роботи до гранично допустимого. Для цього необхідно змінювати ємність накопичувача у відповідності до ентропійної дивергенції потоку сонячного випромінювання, взятої з протилежним знаком. При цьому баланс енергії у системі зберігається, хоча тривалості інтервалів часу, коли накопичувач повністю заряджений та повністю розряджений, зменшуються.
Защита когерентно-импульсных РЛС от комбинированных помех. 2. Анализ влияния декоррелирующих факторов на эффективность адаптивной последовательной ПВОС
Authors: Рябуха Вячеслав Петрович , Семеняка Андрей Викторович , Катюшин Евгений Анатольевич , Атаманский Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: December 2021

Вторая статья цикла, посвященного современным методам защиты когерентно-импульсных РЛС от комбинированных помех (аддитивная смесь внутреннего шума, маскирующих активных шумовых и пассивных помех). Проведен количественный анализ влияния декоррелирующих факторов на эффективность адаптивных последовательных систем с раздельной пространственно-временной обработкой сигналов на фоне комбинированных помех, когда пространственная обработка с компенсацией активных шумовых помех предшествует межпериодной обработке с компенсацией пассивных помех. Полученные в результате анализа величины энергетических потерь при флуктуации случайной оценки весового вектора пространственной обработки, получаемой от периода к периоду зондирования по классифицированной выборке шумовых помех ограниченного объема, подтвердили необходимость фиксации (запоминания) этого вектора на период межпериодной компенсации пассивных помех. Показано, что дополнительная неклассифицированность обучающей выборки помех увеличивает энергетические потери.
Метод редукции авторегрессионной модели речевого сигнала для систем передачи речи по низкоскоростным каналам связи
Authors: Савченко Владимир Васильевич
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрена задача редукции, или сокращения порядка p >> 1 авторегрессионной модели (АР-модель) речевого сигнала по критерию минимума потерь полезной информации. Задача сформулирована как оптимизационная в терминах дискретного спектрального моделирования. Указано, что наиболее острой проблемой при ее решении является необходимость масштабирования параметров АР-модели под моделируемый сигнал на каждом шаге итеративных вычислений. Для преодоления указанной проблемы предложено использовать в качестве целевого функционала оптимизационной задачи меру информационного рассогласования сигналов в частотной области со свойством масштабной инвариантности. На ее основе разработан новый метод редукции АР-модели, в котором операция масштабирования вынесена за рамки итеративной процедуры оптимизации. Эффективность предложенного метода обоснована теоретически и исследована экспериментально. Показано, что основным эффектом его применения по сравнению с методом Берга, является выигрыш по точности редуцированной АР-модели в информационной метрике Кульбака–Лейблера. Полученные результаты адресованы исследователям и разработчикам систем и технологий цифровой передачи речи по низкоскоростным каналам связи.
Intervensi Berbasis Digital Efektif Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematika pada Siswa: Studi Metaanalisis
Authors: Vivian Purwanto Cynthia , Yudiarso Ananta
Published: December 2021

Numeracy is one of the most necessary skills needed. However, not every student has sufficient numeracy, therefore it is needed an effective intervention to improve students’ mathematics skill. The widely use of technology in education has provided a breakthrough for conducting digital-based interventions in learning mathematics. This study goal is to review the literature which measures the effectiveness of digital-based intervention to improve mathematics skill. Meta-analysis done to eighteen journals published in the past decade with 1,721 participants of experiment group and 1,219 participants of control groups which are relevant to this study. Based on mean differences (M, SD, and n) analysis, it is found that the effect size was g = .492 (95% CI = [.287, .706]; p < .001; I2 (inconsistency) = 84.43%). This shows that the effect size obtained is similar to Benavides-Varela et al. (2020) study which found digital-based interventions are effective to improve dyscalculia students’ mathematics skill. There is also no evidence which shows level of education affects the use of digital intervention to improve students’ mathematics skill (p = .359). The effect size obtained while using level of education as moderator is g =.398 (95% CI = [-.483, .175]; p < .001; I2 (inconsistency) = 84.02%). Therefore, educators can use digital media as a tool to support students’ mathematics learning, both at the preschool to college level.
Keseimbangan Kehidupan-Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi Karyawan Bank Syariah
Authors: Marin Hartono Ghaisa , Etikariena Arum
Published: December 2021

PT Bank Syariah XYZ is currently working to improve company efficiency by bringing out the organizational citizenship behavior of its employees. Organizational citizenship behavior is an initiative behavior of employees, beyond their required job duties. Based on social exchange theory, organizational citizenship behavior can be generated if there is an equal two-way exchange between employees and the organization. Previous studies also shown that by giving employees an opportunity to get a work-life balance, employee commitment to the organization will increase and leads to the emergence of organizational citizenship behavior among them. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of work-life balance on employee organizational citizenship behavior through the role of organizational commitment as a mediator. This research is a quantitative study using an adaptive questionnaire: OCB-C short version from Spector et al. (2010), the work-life balance scale from Hill et al. (2001), and Organizational Commitment from Mowday (1979). Respondents were 154 permanent employees of PT Bank Syariah XYZ Head Office. The analysis results by PROCESS Hayes showed the coefficient value = .42; p < .05; R2 = 28%; 95% CI [.25, .60]. This means that organizational commitment acts as a complete mediator on the effect of work-life balance on organizational citizenship behavior with a proportion of 28% of the total effect of the model. The results of this study are expected to provide insight for the organization to creat more positive work behavior by implementing proactive policies that can minimize conflicts between work and personal life
História da Escola de Aplicação da FEUSP (1976-1986)
Authors: Gordo Nívia , Boto Carlota
Published: December 2021

No período de 1976 a 1986 a Escola de Aplicação (EA), vinculada à FEUSP, foi orientada por José Mário Pires Azanha com o objetivo de torná-la uma escola comum, à semelhança da escola pública. Dada a relevância da atuação de Azanha no que se referiu à reorganização e ao funcionamento da EA nos diversos aspectos de natureza técnico-administrativa e pedagógica e aos bons resultados alcançados na aprendizagem, são propostos como objetivos deste relato: descrever: a história da EA no referido período; o posicionamento de Azanha frente ao movimento de renovação pedagógica nas décadas de 70 e 80; e identificar aspectos da teoria e da prática desenvolvidos na EA  que possam ser viáveis na escola pública deste Estado.
Examine the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in an Older Asian Population
Authors: Dao Hiep Huu Hoang , Nguyen Anh Trung , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Tu Ngoc
Published: December 2021

Background: There has been evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) may increase the risk of frailty. However, there is limited evidence on this association in Asian populations. Aims: This study aims to identify the association between MetS and frailty in older people in Vietnam. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a dataset obtained from an observational study on frailty and sarcopenia in patients aged ≥60 at a geriatric hospital in Vietnam. Frailty was defined by the frailty phenotype. Participants were defined as having MetS if they had ≥3 out of 5 criteria from the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adults Treatment Panel (ATP) III. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of having frailty in patients with MetS. Results: There were 669 participants (mean age 71, 60.2% female), 62.3% had MetS and 39.0% was frail. The prevalence of frailty was 42.2% in participants with MetS, 33.7% in participants without MetS (p=0.029). On logistic regression models, MetS was associated with increased likelihood of being frail (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.28), allowing for age, sex, education, nutritional status, history of hospitalisation and chronic diseases. Conclusion: There was a significant association between MetS and frailty in this population. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm this association.
Reduction of the Economic Risk by Adaptation Measures to Alleviate Heat Stress in Confined Buildings for Growing-Fattening Pigs Modelled by a Projection for Central Europe in 2030
Authors: Schauberger Günther , Schönhart Martin , Zollitsch Werner , Hörtenhuber Stefan J. , Kirner Leopold , Mikovits Christian , Baumgartner Johannes , Piringer Martin , Knauder Werner , Anders Ivonne , Andre Konrad , Hennig-Pauka Isabel
Published: December 2021

Economic risks for livestock production are caused by volatile commodities and market conditions, but also by environmental drivers like increasing uncertainties due to weather anomalies and global warming. These risks impact the gross margin of farmers and can stimulated investment decisions. For confined pig and poultry production, farmers can reduce the environmental impact by implementing specific adaptation measures to reduce heat stress. A simulation model driven by meteorological data was used to calculate heat stress impact as a projection for 2030. For a business-as-usual livestock building, the indoor climate for several adaptation measures was calculated. The weather-related value-at risk quantified the economic risks caused by global warming and the stochastic component of the weather. The results show that only energy-saving adaptation measures to reduce the inlet air temperature are appropriate to reduce the economic risk to the level of the year 1980. The efficiency of other adaptation measures to reduce heat stress is distinctly lower. The results in this study can support the decision making of farmers concerning adaptation management and investments. It can inform agricultural policy design as well as technological development.
Assessing the Wall-To-Wall Spatial and Qualitative Dynamics of the Brazilian Pasturelands, between 2010 and 2018, Based on the Analysis of the Landsat Data Archive
Authors: Oliveira-Santos Claudinei , Mesquita Vinicius Vieira , Parente Leandro Leal , Pinto Alexandre de Siqueira , Ferreira Laerte Guimaraes
Published: December 2021

The Brazilian livestock is predominantly extensive, with approximately 90% of the production being sustained on pasture, which occupies around 20% of the territory. In the current climate change scenario and where cropland is becoming a limited resource, there is a growing need for a more efficient land use and occupation. It is estimated that more than half of the Brazilian pastures have some level of degradation; however there is still no mapping of the quality of pastures on a national scale. In this study, we mapped and evaluated the spatio-temporal dynamics of pasture quality in Brazil, between 2010 and 2018, considering three classes of degradation: Absent (D0), Intermediate (D1), and Severe (D2). There was no variation in the total area occupied by pastures in the evaluated period, in spite of the accentuated spatial dynamics, with a retraction in the center-south and expansion to the north, over areas of ​​native vegetation. The percentage of non-degraded pastures increased ~12%, due to the recovery of degraded areas and the emergence of new pasture areas as a result of the prevailing spatial dynamics. However, about 44 Mha of the pasture area is currently severely degraded. The dynamics in pasture quality were not homogeneous in property size classes. We observed that in the approximately 2.68 million properties with livestock activity, the proportion with quality gains was twice as low in small properties compared to large ones, and the proportion with losses was three times greater, showing an increase in inequality between properties with more and less resources (large and small, respectively). The areas occupied by pastures in Brazil present an unique opportunity to increase livestock production and make available areas for agriculture, without the need for new deforestation in the coming decades.
Opioids in the Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rekatsina Martina , Paladini Antonella , Myrcik Dariusz , Viswanath Omar , Urits Ivan , Pergolizzi Joseph , Breve Frank , Varrassi Giustino
Published: December 2021

Background: Assessment and management of pain in elderly people with cognitive impairment is particularly challenging. Physiological changes due to aging as well as comorbidities and polypharmacy are responsible for a complex clinical approach. Concomitantly, in cognitive impairment, including advanced dementia, changes in central nervous system along with changes in the peripheral nervous system due to aging have a significant impact in pain perception. Often clinicians decide to prescribe opioids in order to relief pain, also without a clear indication. Aim: This review aims to investigate the effect of opioids in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Methods: A literature search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted using keyword searches to generate lists of articles which were screened for relevance by title and abstract to give a final list of articles for full-text review. Further articles were identified by snowballing from the reference lists of the full-text articles. Results: This review discuss the complex physiological and pharmacological changes in elderly as well as the neurological changes that affect pain perception in this population. Additionally, it focuses on cognitive impairment and pain in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, the pain assessment in the elderly with cognitive impairment as well as the safety of opioid use in elderly. Information regarding opioid prescription in nursing homes as well as recorded indications for opioids use, type and dosing of opioid and compliance of treatment in advanced dementia are also provided. Conclusions: Opioid prescription in elderly population with cognitive impairment is particularly complex. All healthcare professionals involved in the care of such patients, need to be aware of the challenges and strive to ensure analgesic use is guided by appropriate and accurate pain assessment.
Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Shimizu-Okabe Chigusa , Kobayashi Shiori , Kim Jeongtae , Kosaka Yoshinori , Sunagawa Masanobu , Okabe Akihito , Takayama Chitoshi
Published: December 2021

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine act as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Three types of inhibitory neurons and terminals, GABAergic, GABA/glycine co-releasing, and glycinergic, are orchestrated in the spinal cord neural circuits and play key roles in the regulation of pain, locomotive movement, and respiratory rhythms. Herein, we first describe GABAergic and glycinergic transmission and inhibitory networks, which consist of three types of terminals, in the mature mouse spinal cord. Second, we describe the developmental formation of GABAergic and glycinergic networks, with specific focus on the differentiation of neurons, formation of synapses, maturation of removal systems, and changes in their action. GABAergic and glycinergic neurons are derived from the same domains of the ventricular zone. Initially, GABAergic neurons are differentiated and their axons form synapses. Some of these neurons remain GABAergic in lamina I and II. Many of GABAergic neurons convert to co-releasing state. The co-releasing neurons and terminals remain in the dorsal horn, whereas many of co-releasing ones ultimately become glycinergic in the ventral horn. During the development of terminals and the transformation from radial glia to astrocytes, GABA and glycine receptor subunit compositions markedly change, removal systems mature, and GABAergic and glycinergic action shifts from excitatory to inhibitory.
A Fractal Description of Fluvial Networks in Chile: a Geography
not as Crazy as Thought
Authors: Martinez Francisco , Manriquez Hermann , Ojeda Alberto , Olea Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Chilean geography is highly variable, not only from a climatic and hydrological point of view, but also a morphological one, showing unpredictable natural patterns with marked contrasts throughout the country, for which sometimes it is considered as a "crazy" geography. In this paper we have investigated this apparent disorganized character by exploring the fractal properties of fluvial networks extracted from basins distributed across the continental territory. Analytical and semi-empirical methods were applied, finding striking patterns of organization in the distributions of Horton parameters and the fractal dimension of the drainage networks. Fractal dimension reveals to be quite dependent on the drainage area of each unit, showing clear groupings by tectonic and climatological factors. Such dimension reveals to be an important geomorphic parameter, if not the only one able to capture the real morphology of a fluvial network. From our results and despite the diversity of landforms, hydrological, climatic and tectonic conditions, Chilean’s geography is perhaps not as crazy and disorganized as believed.
Analysis of Fluctuation in the Heme-Binding Pocket and Heme Distortion in Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
Authors: Kondo Hiroko X. , Takano Yu
Published: December 2021

Heme is located in the active site of proteins and has diverse and important biological functions, such as electron transfer and oxygen transport and/or storage. The distortion of heme porphyrin is considered an important factor for the diverse functions of heme because it correlates with the physical properties of heme, such as oxygen affinity and redox potential. Therefore, clarification of the relationship between heme distortion and the protein environment is crucial in protein science. Here, we analyzed the fluctuation in heme distortion in the protein environment for hemoglobin and myoglobin using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. We also investigated the protein structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin stored in Protein Data Bank and found that heme is distorted along the doming mode, which correlates with its oxygen affinity, more prominently in the protein environment than in the isolated state, and the magnitude of distortion is different between hemoglobin and myoglobin. This tendency was also observed in the results of MD simulations and QM calculations. These results suggest that heme distortion is affected by its protein environment and fluctuates around its fitted conformation, leading to physical properties that are appropriate for protein functions.
Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective
Authors: Lopes Bruna , Sousa Patrícia , Alvites Rui , Branquinho Mariana , Sousa Ana , Mendonça Carla , Atayde Luís Miguel , Luís Ana Lúcia , S. P. Varejão Artur , Maurício and Ana Colette
Published: December 2021

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can have several etiologies, such as trauma and iatrogenic interventions that can lead to the loss of structure and/or function impairment. These changes can cause a partial or complete loss of motor and sensory functions, physical disability, and neuropathic pain, what in turn can affect the quality of life. For those reasons, PNI is a major public health concern. This review aims to revisit the concepts associated with the PNI. First, the anatomy of the peripheral nerve is detailed to explain the different types of injury. Then, some of the available therapeutic strategies are explained, including surgical methods, pharmacological therapies, and the use of cell-based therapies alone or in combination with biomaterials in the form of tube guides. Nevertheless, even with the various available treatments, it is difficult to achieve a perfect outcome with complete functional recovery. This review aims to explain the urge for new approaches and to understand the methods to evaluate nerve regeneration in a One Health perspective. In vitro models followed by in vivo models are very important to be able to translate the achievements to human medicine.
FISHING IN THE LARGEST PERENE HYPERSALINE LAGOON IN SOUTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES ON CURRENT REGULATIONS
Authors: MACEDO Márcio Luís Chagas , SANTOS Sérgio Ricardo , ABREU Maurício Düppré de , ZECCHIM Hugo , KEUNECKE Karina Annes , TIMOTEO Geraldo , VIANNA Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Araruama Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro) is the largest hypersaline lagoon in South America. The aim of this study was to survey fishing landings, capture areas and production at this lagoon, in addition to analyzing data from the Pescarte Census. Fishing landings were monitored daily by community agents from March to August/2009, through the Petrobras Mosaico Program. Thirteen landing points were identified in five municipalities, totaling 8,096 recorded landings, and accumulating 469.1 tonnes. São Pedro da Aldeia (39.6%), Arraial do Cabo (27.7%) and areas in the central region (37.6%) and the south coast (29.1%) of the lagoon presented the highest landings and catch volumes. Twelve species were identified, mainly Pogonias courbina (48.9%) and Penaeus spp (33.8%), and gillnets were the most important fishing gear. Very few studies have addressed fishing at Araruama Lagoon, leading to current planning measures supported by little data. We advocate a participatory review of current regulations, to better address gillnet fishing and the capture of different fish species. This study is the result of research financed by the Pescarte Environmental Education Project, a mitigation measure required by the Federal Environmental Licensing, conducted by IBAMA.
Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Insektisida Nabati Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) dan Daun Sirih Hijau(Piper Betle) terhadap Mortalitas Ulatgrayak (Spodoptera Litura F.)
Authors: Siswaatmadja Wira Guna
Published: December 2021

Ulat grayak merupakan hama polifag karena memiliki kisaran inang yang beragam. Ulat grayak merupakan hama yang penting karena dapat menyebabkan gagal panen jika tidak dilakukan pengendalian. Gejala serangan dimulai pada stadium larva dengan merusak daun yang hanya menyisakan epidermis tipis dan tulang daun, sehingga proses fotosintesis akan terganggu yang menyebabkan produksi tanaman menurun. Untuk mengatasi serangan ulat grayak pada tanaman umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida kimiawi dan nabati. Ada banyak tanaman yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan pestisida nabati, antara lain daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan ekstrak daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap mortalitas Spodoptera litura F dan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.).dan insektisida nabati daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) dalam pengendalian ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F). Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Desember 2019 hingga Januari 2020 di Laboratorium POLINELA. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan  Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 28 satuan percobaan. Insektisida nabati yang dikombinasikan dengan daun sirih dan ekstrak daun sirsak berpotensi untuk mengendalikan S. litura F. dengan Konsentrasi terbaik dalam pengendalian S. litura adalah konsentrasi 60% berdasarkan mortalitas ulat grayak dan kecepatan membunuh S. litura F.
The Use of Phytoremediaton with an Up-flow System to Reduce Pollutants at Anaerobic Pond Outlets II Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Pratiwi Andina
Published: December 2021

Palm oil plantations are one of the commodity crops that have an important role in the economy in Indonesia, namely as an export commodity that generates foreign exchange in addition to oil and gas. The increase in world demand for the palm oil commodity encourages the growth of the palm oil industry so that the estimate of liquid waste also increases. If the liquid waste is disposed of directly into the water without proper management, it will have a negative impact on the surrounding aquatic environment. This study aims to find the best phytoremedian in reducing the pollutants of WWTP II anaerobic ponds in the palm oil mill industry and to get the reduction. Research activities took place from July 2020 to September 2020 in the field and Analysis Laboratory of the Lampung State Polytechnic. This study uses an up-flow system with a stagnant condition and is carried out on a laboratory scale by testing using descriptive methods. The phytoremedian used in this study were water nails (Azolla pinnata) (A1), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) (A2), cattail (Typha angustifolia) (A3) and water bamboo (Equisetum hyemale) (A4). The results showed that the best phytoremedian in reducing the observation variable of palm oil mill effluent outlet anaerobic pond II was water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Phytoremedian Ipomoea aquatica at the end of the treatment was able to reduce the COD value with a decrease in percentage of 41.29%, increase the pH to 8.57, reduce the TSS value to 124 mg/L, the turbidity value to 21 mg/L, the total N value to 0.021 mg/L, the K value becomes 2.59 mg/L.
Pengamatan OPT Penting Tanaman Nilam
Authors: Sirait Desianty Dona Normalisa
Published: December 2021

Observation of important patchouli pests was aimed to observe and identify important patchouli pests in North Sumatra and Aceh. Mosaic virus was the common disease found in patchouli plant with mild severe of 5-18.75% and very severe 87.5%, followed by red yellow disease (nematode) with mild severity 1-20%. The important disease that categorized as severe was budok disease found in Pintu Padang II Sub district, South Tapanuli Regency at 67.50%, and very severe (87.50%) was mosaic virus disease found in Bulu Cina Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. Grasshopper was a pest that commonly found in patchouli with mild attack intensity (6.25-18.75%) and moderate attack intensity (21.2-30%), then followed by leaf-eating caterpillars with mild attack intensity 1.25-15%.
Inokulasi Mikoriza pada Media Tanam Campuran Kompos Kotoran Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi , Juniarsih Triara , Harahap Fitra Syawal
Published: December 2021

Improvements in cocoa cultivation techniques need to be done by adding goat manure as a mixture of planting media to improve the physical properties of the soil in order to make it easier for roots to develop. This objective of this study was to determine concentration of mycorrhizae, the best growing media for cocoa seedlings, and interaction on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The method used was randomized block design with two factor. The first factor was the inoculation of mycorrhizae consisting of four levels: without inoculation of mycorrhizae 10 g/plant, 20 g/plant, and 30 g/plant. The second factor was the growing media with three levels of growing media: top soil, top soil + goat manure compost (1:1), and top soil + goat manure compost (1:2). The results showed that the growing media had a significant effect on the height and volume of plant roots. Growing media of top soil produced the best average seedling by 38.06 cm and root volume by 4.39 cm3. The interaction of giving mycorrhizae with growing media had a significant effect on root volume with the best treatment 10 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 5.67 cm3. The results analysis of root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed the highest infection in the 20 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 80%. Application of mycorrhizae with growing media can increase cocoa yield and growth. Planting media mycorrhizae infected to soil can affect cocoa seedling.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF BUILDING EN-VELOPE OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS WITH ACCOUNT OF INDIVIDUAL INSULATION
Authors: Ganzha A. , Semenenko L. , Bronevskyi Yu. , Savraieva Yu.
Published: December 2021

At present, the problem of general thermal modernization of building envelopes is given much attention both at the level of scientists and consumers. This is one of the effective ways to reduce natural gas consumption, reduce the negative impact on the environment, maintain and improve comfortable indoor conditions. Over the last decade, the population has rapidly begun to insulate their homes in order to raise the indoor air temperature to a comfortable level in the multi-storey residential sector. Due to insufficient attention of the authorities in the housing and communal sector, the lack of scientific research and widespread public awareness, there is a massive thermal insulation of building by residents of multi-store buildings within their own apartments. But the study of thermal processes that occur in individual thermal insulation of enclosing structures is currently not fully completed. Therefore, in the context of significant increases in gas and electricity prices, this problem is relevant.

In the study was carried out mathematical modeling of a fragment of a partially insulated wall of an enclosing structure with determination of heat flux by solving a three-dimensional differential equation of thermal conductivity with boundary conditions of II, III and IV kind and distribution of characteristics of building structures and insulation. These results can be used in the analysis of the efficiency of insulation of the building taking into account the fragmentary insulation and of comparison with systemic thermal modernization.

As a result of modeling, the three-dimensional temperature fields of wall surfaces, are determined, there are additional heat fluxes (thermal bridges), which are not considered in the simplified one-dimensional calculation. In one-dimensional calculation, the heat flux from the wall is reduced by 2.43 times during insulation. Taking into account the total heat flow from the side surfaces near the window (thermal bridges) and system insulation - by 1.75 times. With fragmentary insulation and considering the total heat flux from the side surfaces near the window - by 1.6 times.

The next stage of calculations is the determination of the actual air temperatures in the premises of a multi-storey building considering the actual condition of enclosing structures and heating systems, heaters, mode parameters of the coolant and outdoor air parameters. The methods and means of this analysis can take into account the final data of heat loss adjustment after the mathematical modeling presented in this paper. In consequence, the results will be taken into account in the projects of thermal modernization of buildings, reconstruction of heating systems, rational placement of sources, selection of equipment and regulation of devices.