bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S5P TROPOMI NO2 slant column retrieval: method, stability, uncertainties and comparisons with OMI
Authors: van Geffen Jos , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk , Sneep Maarten , ter Linden Mark , Zara Marina , Veefkind J. Pepijn
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), aboard the Sentinel-5
Precursor (S5P) satellite, launched on 13 October 2017, provides
measurements of atmospheric trace gases and of cloud and aerosol properties
at an unprecedented spatial resolution of
approximately 7×3.5 km2 (approx. 5.5×3.5 km2
as of 6 August 2019), achieving near-global coverage in 1 d. The retrieval of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations is a
three-step procedure: slant column density (SCD) retrieval, separation of the
SCD in its stratospheric and tropospheric components, and conversion of
these into vertical column densities. This study focusses on the TROPOMI NO2 SCD retrieval:
the retrieval method used, the stability of the SCDs and the SCD
uncertainties, and a comparison with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 SCDs. The statistical uncertainty, based on the spatial variability of the SCDs
over a remote Pacific Ocean sector, is 8.63 µmol m−2 for all
pixels (9.45 µmol m−2 for clear-sky pixels), which is very
stable over time and some 30 % less than the long-term average over
OMI–QA4ECV data (since the pixel size reduction TROPOMI uncertainties are
∼8 % larger). The SCD uncertainty reported by the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) fit is about 10 % larger
than the statistical uncertainty, while for OMI–QA4ECV the DOAS uncertainty
is some 20 % larger than its statistical uncertainty. Comparison of the SCDs themselves over the Pacific Ocean, averaged over 1 month, shows that TROPOMI is about 5 % higher than OMI–QA4ECV, which seems
to be due mainly to the use of the so-called intensity offset correction in
OMI–QA4ECV but not in TROPOMI: turning that correction off means about 5 %
higher SCDs. The row-to-row variation in the SCDs of TROPOMI, the “stripe amplitude”, is
2.15 µmol m−2, while for OMI–QA4ECV it is a factor of
∼2 (∼5) larger in 2005 (2018); still, a so-called stripe
correction of this non-physical across-track variation is useful for TROPOMI
data. In short, TROPOMI shows a superior performance compared with OMI–QA4ECV
and operates as anticipated from instrument specifications. The TROPOMI data used in this study cover 30 April 2018 up to
31 January 2020.
A semi-continuous study on the toxicity of atmospheric particles using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES): development and field characterization
Authors: Shang Xiaona , Li Ling , Zhang Xinlian , Kang Huihui , Sui Guodong , Wang Gehui , Ye Xingnan , Xiao Hang , Chen Jianmin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The toxicity of atmospheric particles directly associates to health effects, but its online monitoring has not yet been implemented due to low-concentration toxic components and high measurement detection limit. To solve the detection problem, we extended a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for toxicity aerosol measurement and firstly used VACES to provide a comparison of toxicity between non-concentrated and concentrated aerosols in ambient air. Through optimizing the technical parameters, the total concentration (number or mass), the concentration of chemical components, and the toxicity were all increased by approximately 7 to 10 times in VACES. In particular, ambient aerosols with toxicity below the detection limit, were detected significantly after concentration. Moreover, comparable enrichment factors and similar trends before and after enrichment in toxicity were observed over time, suggesting that the toxic properties of ambient aerosols do not change in VACES. Whereas, changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their toxicity do not always correlate well, which was probably driven by the combined toxicity effect of chemical components. Thereby, it hints a necessity to further study on the toxicity effects of chemical compositions. All above also imply that VACES could provide technical support for the future measurement of online atmospheric particulate toxicity, which is currently performed at high-concentration environment, long sampling duration, and offline.
A compact, high-purity source of HONO validated by Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy
Authors: Gingerysty Nicholas J. , Osthoff Hans D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A well-characterized source of nitrous acid vapour (HONO) is essential for accurate ambient air measurements by instruments requiring external calibration. In this work, a compact HONO source is described in which gas streams containing dilute concentrations of HONO are generated by flowing hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapour emanating from a permeation tube over continuously agitated dry sodium nitrite (NaNO2) heated to 50 ºC. Mixing ratios of HONO and potential by-products including NO, NO2 and nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) were quantified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (TD-CRDS). A key parameter is the concentration of HCl, which needs to be kept small ( 97 % purity relative to other nitrogen oxides. The source output is rapidly tuneable and stabilizes within 90 min. Combined with its small size and portability this source is highly suitable for calibration of HONO instruments in the field.
Impact of using a new ultraviolet ozone absorption cross-section dataset on OMI ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Birk Manfred , Wagner Georg , Gordon Iouli E. , Chance Kelly
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We evaluate different sets of high-resolution ozone absorption cross-section data for use in atmospheric ozone profile measurements in the Hartley and Huggins bands with a particular focus on Brion-Daumont-Malicet et al. (1995) (BDM) currently used in our retrievals, and a new laboratory dataset by Birk and Wagner (BW) (2018). The BDM cross-section data have been recommended to use for retrieval of ozone profiles using spaceborne nadir viewing Backscattered UltraViolet (BUV) measurements since its improved performance was demonstrated against other cross-sections including Bass and Paur (1985) (BP) and those of Serdyuchenko et al (2014) and Gorshelev et al. (2014) (SER) by the Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone (ACSO) activity. The BW laboratory data were recently measured within the framework of the ESA project SEOM-IAS (Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions – Improved Atmospheric Spectroscopy Databases) to provide an advanced absorption cross-section database. The BW cross-sections are made from measurements at more temperatures and in a wider temperature range than BDM, especially for low temperatures. Compared to BW, BDM cross-sections are positively biased from ~2 % at shorter UV to ~5 % at longer UV at warm temperatures. Furthermore, these biases dynamically increase by up to ± 40 % at cold temperatures due to no BDM measurements below 218 K. We evaluate the impact of using different cross-sections on ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements. Correspondingly, this impact leads to significant differences in individual ozone retrievals by up to 50 % in the tropopause where the coldest atmospheric temperature is observed. Bottom atmospheric layers illustrate the significant change of the retrieved ozone values with biases of 20 % in low latitudes, which is not the case in high latitudes because the ozone retrievals are mainly controlled by a priori ozone information in high latitudes due to less photon penetration down to the lower troposphere. Validation with ozonesonde observations demonstrates that BW and BDM retrievals show altitude-dependent bias oscillations of similar magnitude relative to ozonesonde measurements, much smaller than those of both BP and SER retrievals. However, compared to BDM, BW retrievals show significant reduction in standard deviation by up to 15 %, especially at the coldest atmospheric temperature. Such improvement is achieved mainly by th better characterization of the temperature dependence of ozone absorption.
Total column water vapor retrieval for GOME-2 visible blue observations
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Valks Pieter , Slijkhuis Sander , Köhler Claas , Loyola Diego
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present a new total column water vapor (TCWV) retrieval algorithm in the visible blue spectral band for the Global Ozone Monitoring Experience 2 (GOME-2) instruments on board the EUMETSAT MetOp satellites. The blue band algorithm allows retrieval of water vapor from sensors which do not cover longer wavelengths, such as Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Copernicus atmospheric composition missions Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P), Sentinel-4 (S4) and Sentinel-5 (S5). The blue band algorithm uses the differential optical absorption spectroscopic (DOAS) technique to retrieve water vapor slant columns. The measured water vapor slant columns are converted to vertical column using air mass factors (AMFs). The new algorithm has an iterative optimization module to dynamically find the optimal a priori water vapor profile. This makes it better suited for climate studies than usual satellite retrievals with static a priori or vertical profile information from chemistry transport model (CTM). The dynamic a priori algorithm makes use of the fact that the vertical distribution of water vapor is strongly correlated to the total column. The new algorithm is applied to GOME-2A and GOME-2B observations to retrieve TCWV. The data set is validated by comparing to the operational product retrieved in the red spectral band, sun-photometer and radiosonde measurements. Water vapor columns retrieved in the blue band are in good agreement with the other data sets, indicating that the new algorithm derives precise results, and can be used for the current and forthcoming Copernicus Sentinel missions S4 and S5.
Population dynamics of modern planktonic foraminifera in the western Barents Sea
Authors: Meilland Julie , Howa Hélène , Hulot Vivien , Demangel Isaline , Salaün Joëlle , Garlan Thierry
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This study reports on diversity and distribution of planktonic foraminifera (PF) in the Barents Sea Opening (BSO). Populations of PF living in late
summer (collected by means of stratified plankton tows) and recently deposited individuals (sampled by interface corer) were compared. High
abundances reaching up to 400 ind.m-3 in tow samples and 8000 ind.m-3 in surface sediments were recorded in the centre of
the studied area while low abundances were observed in coastal areas, likely due to continental influences. The living and core-top assemblages are
mainly composed of the same four species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Neogloboquadrina incompta, Turborotalita quinqueloba and
Globigerinita uvula. The two species G. uvula and T. quinqueloba dominate the upper water column, whereas surface
sediment assemblages display particularly high concentrations of N. pachyderma. The unusual dominance of G. uvula in the water
sample assemblages compared to its low proportion in surface sediments might be the signature of (1) a seasonal signal due to summer phytoplankton
composition changes at the BSO, linked to the increase in summer temperature at the study site, and/or (2) a signal of a larger timescale and wider
geographical reach phenomenon reflecting poleward temperate/subpolar species migration and consecutive foraminiferal assemblage diversification at
high latitudes due to global change. Protein concentrations were measured on single specimens and used as a proxy of individual carbon
biomass. Specimens of all species show the same trend, a northward decrease in their size-normalized-protein concentration. This suggests that
foraminiferal biomass is potentially controlled by different constituents of their organelles (e.g. lipids). The coupling of data from plankton
tows, protein measurements and surface sediments allows us to hypothesize that PF dynamics (seasonality and distribution) are decoupled from their
metabolism.
The pH-based ecological coherence of active canonical methanotrophs in paddy soils
Authors: Zhao Jun , Cai Yuanfeng , Jia Zhongjun
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Soil pH is considered one of the main determinants of the
assembly of globally distributed microorganisms that catalyze the
biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, direct
evidence for niche specialization of microorganisms in association with soil
pH is still lacking. Using methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) as a
model system of C cycling, we show that pH is potentially the key driving
force selecting for canonical γ (type I) and α (type II)
methanotrophs in rice paddy soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing
(DNA-SIP) was combined with high-throughput sequencing to reveal the
taxonomic identities of active methanotrophs in physiochemically contrasting
soils from six different paddy fields across China. Following microcosm
incubation amended with 13CH4, methane was primarily consumed by Methylocystis-affiliated
type II methanotrophs in soils with a relatively low pH (5.44–6.10), whereas
Methylobacter- or Methylosarcina-affiliated type I methanotrophs dominated methane consumption in soils
with a high pH (7.02–8.02). Consumption of 13CH4 contributed
0.203 % to 1.25 % of soil organic C, but no significant difference was
observed between high-pH and low-pH soils. The fertilization of ammonium
nitrate resulted in no significant changes in the compositions of
13C-labeled methanotrophs in the soils, although significant inhibition
of methane oxidation activity was consistently observed in low-pH soils.
Mantel analysis further validated that soil pH, rather than other parameters
tested, had significant correlation to the variation in active
methanotrophic compositions across different rice paddy soils. These results
suggest that soil pH might have played a pivotal role in mediating the niche
differentiation of ecologically important aerobic methanotrophs in
terrestrial ecosystems and imply the importance of such niche specialization
in regulating methane emissions in paddy fields following increasingly
intensified input of anthropogenic N fertilizers.
Scars in the abyss: reconstructing sequence, location and temporal change of the 78 plough tracks of the 1989 DISCOL deep-sea disturbance experiment in the Peru Basin
Authors: Gausepohl Florian , Hennke Anne , Schoening Timm , Köser Kevin , Greinert Jens
Published: March 2020

Abstract. High-resolution optical and hydro-acoustic sea floor data acquired in 2015
enabled the reconstruction and exact localization of disturbance tracks of a
past deep-sea recolonization experiment (DISCOL) that was conducted in 1989
in the Peru Basin during a German environmental impact study associated with
manganese-nodule mining. Based on this information, the disturbance level of
the experiment regarding the direct plough impact and distribution and
redeposition of sediment from the evolving sediment plume was assessed
qualitatively. The compilation of all available optical and acoustic data
sets available from the DISCOL Experimental Area (DEA) and the derived
accurate positions of the different plough marks facilitate the analysis of
the sedimentary evolution over the last 26 years for a sub-set of the 78
disturbance tracks. The results highlight the remarkable difference between
natural sedimentation in the deep sea and sedimentation of a resettled
sediment plume; most of the blanketing of the plough tracks happened through
the resettling of plume sediment from plough tracks created later. Generally
sediment plumes are seen as one of the important impacts associated with
potential Mn-nodule mining. For enabling a better evaluation and interpretation of particularly
geochemical and microbiological data, a relative age sequence of single
plough marks and groups of them was derived and is presented here. This is
important as the thickness of resettled sediment differs distinctly between plough marks created earlier and later. Problems in data processing became eminent for data from the late 1980s, at a
time when GPS was just invented and underwater navigation was in an infant
stage. However, even today the uncertainties of underwater navigation need
to be considered if a variety of acoustical and optical sensors with
different resolution should be merged to correlate accurately with the
absolute geographic position. In this study, the ship-based bathymetric map
was used as the absolute geographic reference layer and a workflow was applied
for geo-referencing all the other data sets of the DISCOL Experimental Area
until the end of 2015. New high-resolution field data were mainly acquired with
sensors attached to GEOMAR's AUV Abyss and the 0.5∘ × 1∘ EM122
multibeam system of RV Sonne during cruise SO242-1. Legacy data from the
1980s and 1990s first needed to be found and compiled before they could be
digitized and properly geo-referenced for our joined analyses.
Soil moisture and matric potential – an open field comparison of sensor systems
Authors: Jackisch Conrad , Germer Kai , Graeff Thomas , Andrä Ines , Schulz Katrin , Schiedung Marcus , Haller-Jans Jaqueline , Schneider Jonas , Jaquemotte Julia , Helmer Philipp , Lotz Leander , Bauer Andreas , Hahn Irene , Šanda Martin , Kumpan Monika , Dorner Johann , de Rooij Gerrit , Wessel-Bothe Stefan , Kottmann Lorenz , Schittenhelm Siegfried , Durner Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Soil water content and matric potential are central hydrological state variables. A large variety of automated probes and sensor systems for state monitoring exist and are frequently applied. Most applications solely rely on the calibration by the manufacturers. Until now, there has been no commonly agreed-upon calibration procedure. Moreover, several opinions about the capabilities and reliabilities of specific sensing methods or sensor systems exist and compete. A consortium of several institutions conducted a comparison study of currently available sensor systems for soil water content and matric potential under field conditions. All probes were installed at 0.2 m b.s. (metres below surface), following best-practice procedures. We present the set-up and the recorded data of 58 probes of 15 different systems measuring soil moisture and 50 further probes of 14 different systems for matric potential. We briefly discuss the limited coherence of the measurements in a cross-correlation analysis. The measuring campaign was conducted during the growing period of 2016. The monitoring data, results from pedophysical analyses of the soil and laboratory reference measurements for calibration are published in Jackisch et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892319).
An integration of gauge, satellite and reanalysis precipitation datasets for the largest river basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yuanwei , Wang Lei , Li Xiuping , Zhou Jing , Hu Zhidan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. As the largest river basin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin (also called “Yarlung Zangbo” in Chinese) has profound impacts on the water security of local and downstream inhabitants. Precipitation in the basin is mainly controlled by the Indian Summer Monsoon and Westerly, and is the key to understand the water resources available in the basin; however, due to sparse observational data constrained by a harsh environment and complex topography, there remains a lack of reliable information on basin-wide precipitation (there are only nine national meteorological stations with continuous observations). To improve the accuracy of basin-wide precipitation data, we integrate various gauge, satellite and reanalysis precipitation datasets, including GLDAS, ITP-Forcing, MERRA2, TRMM and CMA datasets, to develop a new precipitation product for the 1981–2016 period over the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin, at 3-hour and 5-km resolution. The new product has been rigorously validated at different temporal scales (e.g. extreme events, daily to monthly variability, and long-term trends) and spatial scales (point- and basin-scale) with gauge precipitation observations, showing much improved accuracies compared to previous products. An improved hydrological simulation has been achieved (low relative bias: −5.94 %; highest NSE: 0.643) with the new precipitation inputs, showing reliability and potential for multi-disciplinary studies. This new precipitation product is openly accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711155 (Wang et al., 2020) and, additionally at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (https://data.tpdc.ac.cn, login required).
Simulating coupled surface–subsurface flows with ParFlow v3.5.0: capabilities, applications, and ongoing development of an open-source, massively parallel, integrated hydrologic model
Authors: Kuffour Benjamin N. O. , Engdahl Nicholas B. , Woodward Carol S. , Condon Laura E. , Kollet Stefan , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Surface flow and subsurface flow constitute a naturally linked hydrologic
continuum that has not traditionally been simulated in an integrated
fashion. Recognizing the interactions between these systems has encouraged
the development of integrated hydrologic models (IHMs) capable of treating
surface and subsurface systems as a single integrated resource. IHMs are
dynamically evolving with improvements in technology, and the extent of their
current capabilities are often only known to the developers and not general
users. This article provides an overview of the core functionality,
capability, applications, and ongoing development of one open-source IHM,
ParFlow. ParFlow is a parallel, integrated, hydrologic model that simulates
surface and subsurface flows. ParFlow solves the Richards equation for
three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow and the
two-dimensional kinematic wave approximation of the shallow water equations
for overland flow. The model employs a conservative centered finite-difference scheme and a conservative finite-volume method for subsurface
flow and transport, respectively. ParFlow uses multigrid-preconditioned
Krylov and Newton–Krylov methods to solve the linear and nonlinear systems
within each time step of the flow simulations. The code has demonstrated
very efficient parallel solution capabilities. ParFlow has been coupled to
geochemical reaction, land surface (e.g., the Common Land Model), and atmospheric
models to study the interactions among the subsurface, land surface, and
atmosphere systems across different spatial scales. This overview focuses on
the current capabilities of the code, the core simulation engine, and the
primary couplings of the subsurface model to other codes, taking a
high-level perspective.
The precipitation variability of wet and dry season at the interannual and interdecadal scales over eastern China (1901–2016): The impacts of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Gao Tao , Cao Fuqiang , Dan Li , Li Ming , Gong Xiang , Zhan Junjie
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variability of rainfall in dry (October–March) and wet (April–September) seasons over eastern China is examined based on gridded rainfall dataset from University of East Angela Climatic Research Unit during 1901–2016. Principal component analysis is employed to identify the dominant variability modes, wavelet coherence is utilized to investigate the spectral characteristics of leading modes of precipitation and their coherences with the large-scale modes of climate variability, and Bayesian dynamical linear model is adopted to quantify the time-varying correlations between climate variability modes and rainfall in dry and wet seasons. Results show that first and second principal components (PCs) account for 34.2 % (16.1 %) and 13.4 % (13.9 %) of variance in dry (wet) season, and their changes are roughly coincident with phase shifts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in both seasons. The anomalous moisture fluxes responsible for the occurrences of precipitation events in eastern China are asymmetry during high and light rainfall years in dry (wet) season. ENSO has a 4- to 8-year signal of the statistically positive (negative) association with rainfall during dry (wet) season in eastern China. The statistically significant positive (negative) associations between Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and precipitation are found with 9- to 15-year (4- to 7-year) signal. The impacts of PDO on rainfall in eastern China exhibit multiple time scales as compared to ENSO episodes, while PDO triggers a stronger effect on precipitation in wet season than dry season. The interannual and interdecadal variations in rainfall over eastern China are substantially modulated by drivers originated from Pacific Ocean, the finding has meaningful implications for regional hydrologic predictability and water resources management.
Future streamflow regime changes in the United States: assessment using functional classification
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Melsen Lieke A. , Newman Andrew J. , Wood Andrew W. , Clark Martyn P.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Streamflow regimes are changing and expected to further change under the influence of climate change with potential impacts on flow variability and the seasonality of extremes. However, not all types of regimes are going to change in the same way. Climate change impact assessments can therefore benefit from identifying classes of catchments with similar streamflow regimes. Traditional catchment classification approaches have focused on specific meteorological and/or streamflow indices usually neglecting the temporal information stored in the data. The aim of this study is two-fold: (1) develop a catchment classification scheme that allows for the incorporation of such temporal information and (2) use the scheme to evaluate changes in future flow regimes. We use the developed classification scheme, which relies on a functional data representation, to cluster a large set of catchments in the conterminous United States (CONUS) according to their mean annual hydrographs. We identify five regime classes that summarize the behavior of catchments in the CONUS: (1) Intermittent regime, (2) weak winter regime, (3) strong winter regime, (4) New Year's regime, and (5) melt regime. Our results show that these spatially contiguous classes are not only similar in terms of their regimes, but also their flood and drought behavior, as well as their physiographical and meteorological characteristics. We therefore deem the functional regime classes valuable for a number of applications going beyond change assessments including model validation studies or the prediction of streamflow characteristics in ungauged basins. To assess future regime changes, we use simulated discharge time series obtained from the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model driven with meteorological time series generated by five general circulation models. A comparison of the future regime classes derived from these simulations with current classes shows that robust regime changes are expected only for currently melt-influenced regions in the Rocky Mountains. These changes in mountainous, upstream regions may require the adaptation of water management strategies to ensure sufficient water supply in dependent downstream regions.
Dynamics of hydrological-model parameters: mechanisms, problems and solutions
Authors: Lan Tian , Lin Kairong , Xu Chong-Yu , Tan Xuezhi , Chen Xiaohong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. It has been demonstrated that the application of time-varying hydrological-model parameters based on dynamic catchment behavior significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of conventional models. However, the fundamental problems for calibrating dynamic parameters still need to be addressed. In this study, five calibration schemes for dynamic parameters in hydrological models were designed to investigate the underlying causes of poor model performance. The five schemes were assessed with respect to the model performance in different flow phases, the transferability of the dynamic parameters to different time periods, the state variables and fluxes time series, and the response of the dynamic parameter set to the dynamic catchment characteristics. Furthermore, the potential reasons for the poor response of the dynamic parameter set to the catchment dynamics were investigated. The results showed that the underlying causes of poor model performance included time-invariant parameters, “compensation” among parameters, high dimensionality and abrupt shifts in the parameters. The recommended calibration scheme exhibited good performance and overcame these problems by characterizing the dynamic behavior of the catchments. The main reason for the poor response of the dynamic parameter set to the catchment dynamics may be the poor convergence performance of the parameters. In addition, the assessment results of the state variables and fluxes and the convergence performance of the parameters provided robust indications of the dominant response modes of the hydrological models in different sub-periods or catchments with distinguishing catchment characteristics.
Multiple solvent signal presaturation in 13C NMR
Authors: Canton Marine , Roe Richard , Poigny Stéphane , Renault Jean-Hugues , Nuzillard Jean-Marc
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The analysis by proton-decoupled carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of samples dissolved in solvents presenting strong multiple resonances can be facilitated by the suppression of these resonances by multi–site presaturation. The advantage drawn from this operation is the elimination of the possible artifacts that arise from the solvent signals in non–optimized decoupling conditions. Solvent presaturation was implemented on glycerol, 1,2–propanediol, 1,3–propanediol, 1,2–butanediol, 1,3–butanediol with at least 94 % on–resonance efficiency and a bandwidth of less 5 than 50 Hz measured at 50 % signal intensity decrease. The experimental measurement of the signal suppression bandwidth leads to unexpected selectivity profiles for frequency close resonances. Computer resolution of the Bloch equations during multi–site presaturation provide an insight into the origin of the observed profile perturbations.
Real-time probabilistic seismic hazard assessment based on seismicity anomaly
Authors: Sun Yu-Sheng , Li Hsien-Chi , Chang Ling-Yun , Ye Zheng-Kai , Chen Chien-Chih
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Real-time probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) was developed in this study in consideration of its practicability for daily life and the
rate of seismic activity with time. Real-time PSHA follows the traditional PSHA framework, but the statistic occurrence rate is substituted by
time-dependent seismic source probability. Over the last decade, the pattern informatics (PI) method has been developed as a time-dependent
probability model of seismic source. We employed this method as a function of time-dependent seismic source probability, and we selected two major
earthquakes in Taiwan as examples to explore real-time PSHA. These are the Meinong earthquake (ML 6.6) of 5 February 2016 and the
Hualien earthquake (ML 6.2) of 6 February 2018. The seismic intensity maps produced by the real-time PSHA method facilitated the
forecast of the maximum expected seismic intensity for the following 90 d. Compared with real ground motion data from the P-alert network, our
seismic intensity forecasting maps showed considerable effectiveness. This result indicated that real-time PSHA is practicable and provides useful
information that could be employed in the prevention of earthquake disasters.
Ensemble flood simulation for a small dam catchment in Japan using nonhydrostatic model rainfalls – Part 2: Flood forecasting using 1600-member 4D-EnVar-predicted rainfalls
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichiro , Duc Le ,   Apip, Oizumi Tsutao , Saito Kazuo
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This paper is a continuation of the authors' previous paper (Part 1) on the feasibility of ensemble flood forecasting for a small dam catchment (Kasahori dam; approx. 70 km2) in Niigata, Japan, using a distributed rainfall–runoff model and rainfall ensemble forecasts. The ensemble forecasts were given by an advanced four-dimensional, variational-ensemble assimilation system using the Japan
Meteorological Agency nonhydrostatic model (4D-EnVar-NHM). A noteworthy feature of this system was the use of a very large number of ensemble members (1600), which yielded a significant improvement in the rainfall forecast compared to Part 1. The ensemble flood forecasting using the 1600 rainfalls succeeded in indicating the necessity of emergency flood operation with the occurrence probability and enough lead time (e.g., 12 h) with regard to an extreme event. A new method for dynamical selection of the best ensemble member based on the Bayesian reasoning with different evaluation periods is proposed. As the result, it is recognized that the selection based on Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) does not provide an exact discharge forecast with several hours lead time, but it can provide some trend in the near future.
Reciprocal Green's functions and the quick forecast of submarine landslide tsunamis
Authors: Chen Guan-Yu , Liu Chin-Chih , Wijetunge Janaka J. , Wang Yi-Fung
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although tsunamis generated by submarine mass failure are
not as common as those induced by submarine earthquakes, sometimes the
generated tsunamis are higher than a seismic tsunami in the area close to
the tsunami source, and the forecast is much more difficult. In the present
study, reciprocal Green's functions (RGFs) are proposed as a useful tool in the
forecast of submarine landslide tsunamis. The forcing in the continuity
equation due to depth change in a landslide is represented by the temporal
derivative of the water depth. After a convolution with reciprocal
Green's function, the tsunami waveform can be obtained promptly. Thus,
various tsunami scenarios can be considered once a submarine landslide
happens, and a useful forecast can be formulated. When a submarine landslide
occurs, the various possibilities for tsunami generation can be analyzed
and a useful forecast can be devised.
Depletion of soil carbon and aggregation after strong warming of a subarctic Andosol under forest and grassland cover
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Sigurðsson Páll , Sigurdsson Bjarni D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The net loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from terrestrial ecosystems
is a likely consequence of global warming and may affect key soil
functions. The strongest changes in temperature are expected to occur at high
northern latitudes, with forest and tundra as prevailing land cover types.
However, specific soil responses to warming in different ecosystems are currently
understudied. In this study, we used a natural geothermal soil warming gradient (0–17.5 ∘C warming intensity) in an Icelandic spruce forest on Andosol to
assess changes in the SOC content between 0 and 10 cm (topsoil) and between 20 and 30 cm (subsoil)
after 10 years of soil warming. Five different SOC fractions were isolated,
and their redistribution and the amount of stable aggregates were
assessed to link SOC to changes in the soil structure. The results were compared to an
adjacent, previously investigated warmed grassland. Soil warming
depleted the SOC content in the forest soil by −2.7 g kg−1 ∘C−1 (−3.6 % ∘C−1) in the topsoil and −1.6 g kg−1 ∘C−1 (−4.5 % ∘C−1) in the
subsoil. The distribution of SOC in different fractions was significantly
altered, with particulate organic matter and SOC in sand and stable
aggregates being relatively depleted and SOC attached to silt and clay being
relatively enriched in warmed soils. The major reason for this shift was
aggregate breakdown: the topsoil aggregate mass proportion was reduced from
60.7±2.2 % in the unwarmed reference to 28.9±4.6 % in
the most warmed soil. Across both depths, the loss of one unit of SOC caused a
depletion of 4.5 units of aggregated soil, which strongly affected the bulk density
(an R2 value of 0.91 and p<0.001 when correlated with SOC, and an
R2 value of 0.51 and p<0.001 when correlated with soil mass in
stable aggregates). The proportion of water-extractable carbon increased
with decreasing aggregation, which might indicate an indirect protective
effect of aggregates larger than 63 µm on SOC. Topsoil changes in the
total SOC content and fraction distribution were more pronounced in the
forest than in the adjacent warmed grassland soils, due to higher and more
labile initial SOC. However, no ecosystem effect was observed on the warming response of the
subsoil SOC content and fraction distribution. Thus, whole profile
differences across ecosystems might be small. Changes in the soil structure upon warming should be studied more deeply and taken into consideration when interpreting or modelling biotic responses to warming.
Abrupt transitions in an atmospheric single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation
Authors: Stephens Benjamin A. , Jackson Charles S.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We document a feature of the tropical atmosphere that could be relevant to episodes of abrupt transitions in global climate that regularly occurred during the last ice age. Using a single-column model incorporating the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation, we find that abrupt transitions occur as the sea surface temperature is steadily increased. Because these transitions arise from the interplay of scales between local deep convection and the large-scale adjustments that are required to maintain weak temperature and pressure gradients, they are only present with the WTG approximation relevant for the tropics but may be of interest as a trigger for abrupt transitions in global climate. These transitions are marked by an abrupt change in the partitioning of rainfall between convective and large-scale (microphysics) subroutines, in addition to various other features of the column including cloudiness, vertical velocity, temperature, and humidity. We conclude that the transitions are initiated by a failure of evaporative cooling in the lower free troposphere. This leads to lower-column heating and a burst of convection that heats the upper free troposphere, increasing the large-scale rainfall rate and re-stabilizing the lower-column evaporative cooling.
Donning the ‘Slow Professor’: A Feminist Action Research Project
Authors: Ashencaen Crabtree Sara , Hemingway Ann , Sudbury Sue , Quinney Anne , Hutchings Maggie , Esteves Luciana , Thompson Shelley , Jacey Helen , Diaz Anita , Bradley Peri , Hall Jenny , Board Michele , Feigenbaum Anna , Brown Lorraine , Heaslip Vanessa , Norton Liz
Published: March 2020

Corporatization of Higher Education has introduced new performance measurements as well as an acceleration of academic tasks creating working environments characterised by speed, pressure and stress. This paper discusses findings from a qualitative, feminist participatory action research (PAR) study undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of women academics at a modern, corporate university in England. The study illuminates how corporatized HE erodes faculty autonomy, degrades learning environments, damages professional satisfaction and health. Strategies for resistance and liberation developed through the PAR process are discussed.Key words: slow professor, corporatized academy, Higher Education.
Evelina Fue Tu Nombre / Evelina Was Your Name
Authors: Maldonado Torres Sonia E
Published: March 2020

On Thursday, April 18 my students and I coordinated an activity in which we celebrated the National Bilingual/Multilingual Learner Advocacy Month.  In this activity, one of our adjuncts professors presented information about the struggle that a Puerto Rican woman, Evelina López Antonetty had in providing access to bilingual education to a monolingual-Spanish community in the South Bronx . The South Bronx is still considered one of the most impoverished boroughs in NYC and it is also where the college I am working at (Eugenio Maria de Hostos CC) is located. As part of the activity, I wrote a poem about Evelina López Antonetty and the poem was translated by my students into three (3) different languages.
Teaching for Justice
Authors: Chinn Sarah , Bennett Michael
Published: March 2020

An introduction to this issue on Teaching for Justice.
Degradation of N-methylpyrrolidone in High Salinity Wastewater by a Halotolerant Microorganism
Authors: Zhang Guorui , Xia Ran , Wang Jing , Wang Liqun
Published: March 2020

N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, is widely used in lithium batteries and the refining of lubricants. However, it is also very harmful to human health and the environment. Although NMP is biodegradable, industrial high salinity wastewater can stop microorganisms from growing. To effectively degrade NMP in high salinity wastewater, a halotolerant strain CCZU-X was isolated from sea shrimps. The strain was identified as Staphylococcus lentus through morphology observation and 16S rDNA sequencing. The effects of processing conditions such as salt concentration, pH, and temperature on degradation of high salinity NMP-containing wastewater were investigated using single-factor experiments. Quantitative analysis of degradation efficiency of NMP was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimal conditions for CCZU-X to degrade NMP in high salinity wastewater were determined to be at pH 7.0 and 35 °C, and the maximum salt tolerance was 25%. Under optimal conditions (pH 7.0, 35 °C, 1% salt, 2000 mg/L NMP), the NMP degradation efficiency of CCZU-X reached 93%. This strain can effectively degrade NMP in high salinity NMP-containing wastewater, thus can be potentially used in industrial applications.
“Shall I bite it?”: Sexuality and the Biting Male in Dickens
Authors: Ramuz Colette
Published: March 2020

It is a common claim that in Dickens's novels alimentary pleasures are substituted for sexual ones. This article argues, however, that oral pleasure is not a substitution but is meant to be read as an expression of material sexuality and as a primal negotiation between self and other. This article examines the erotic energy of Dickensian mouths through the phenomenon of biting as an expression of male sexual appetite. Biting is associated with the impulse to penetrate the desirable object; in Dickens's writing the semiotics of biting signify a fetishized sexual behavior but it is also one that progresses from the grotesque to a normalized stage of masculine psychosexual and social development. Examining the Dickensian men who bite or threaten to bite their objects of desire, this article focuses on how patterns of eroticized comic cannibalism in the early novels develop into a more mature expression of male sexuality in later works. Dickens not only explores psychosexual conflict, but also expresses it in the form of a taboo act, situated firmly in the middle-class home. This reading identifies the centrality of the mouth in Dickensian sexuality.
ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA DE LAVRAS – MG: FLORÍSTICA E USO DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS
Authors: Pereira Gabriel De Assis , Barbosa Ana Carolina Maioli Campos , Oliveira Altamir Fernandes , Silva Elisa Mousinho Gomes Carvalho , Pompeu Patrícia Vieira , Begname de Castro Monik
Published: March 2020

As florestas urbanas são essenciais para a manutenção da qualidade de vida nas cidades e desempenham um importante papel para a conservação da flora. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o inventário parcial da arborização viária da cidade de Lavras - MG, com o levantamento de sua composição florística e a averiguação do uso de espécies nativas. Para isso, foram percorridos 43,34 km de vias públicas da cidade, distribuídas em 10 bairros. Foram catalogados 415 indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivos, distribuídos em 43 espécies, 39 gêneros e 26 famílias botânicas. As espécies com as maiores frequências relativas foram a Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. (20,0%), Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P.Queiroz (15,7%) e Lagerstroemia indica L. (12,5%). Foi constatado que 37,8% dos indivíduos são de espécies de comportamento arbustivo. Os indivíduos foram classificados em 19 espécies nativas, dessas sete são autóctones. Conclui-se que é necessário a melhoria do planejamento da arborização viária, priorizando o uso de espécies adequadas e preferencialmente autóctones da região. As informações geradas por essa pesquisa poderão auxiliar o poder público nas diretrizes e ações necessárias para a melhoria da arborização da cidade de Lavras - MG.
Management according to resilience engineering and lean management concepts – comparison from OSH perspective
Authors: Pęciłło Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Resilience engineering and lean management are management concepts that use a different philosophy. While lean management deals, to a large extent, with the optimization of the functioning of an organization in a particular state and operating in a given environment, the task that resilience engineering sets itself is to prepare the organization to avoid or face difficulties, including unpredictable ones. The article attempts to answer the question to what extent these concepts on theoretical grounds are mutually exclusive, and how they can be treated complementarily.
Praca zmianowa – skutki zdrowotne i ich ograniczanie
Authors: Łach Patrycja , Mazur-Różycka Joanna , Roman-Liu Danuta
Published: March 2020

W artykule poruszono kwestię zmian zachodzących w organizmie ludzkim na skutek wykonywania obowiązków zawodowych w niestandardowych godzinach, w trybie pracy zmianowej oraz nocnej. Opisano, jak deficyty snu i jego zaburzenia mogą oddziaływać na procesy fizjologiczne i potęgować niezdrowe nawyki oraz zachowania pracowników. Przedstawiono również wiele działań, których wprowadzenie w życie pozwala na łagodzenie negatywnych skutków pracy zmianowej i zachowanie dobrej jakości snu.
Uregulowania prawne w zakresie bhp na morskich statkach handlowych
Authors: Kijowski Maciej
Published: March 2020

Artykuł upamiętnia 40. rocznicę wydania i wejścia w życie rozporządzenia Ministra Handlu Zagranicznego i Gospodarki Morskiej z 25 czerwca 1979 r. w sprawie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy na morskich statkach handlowych. Akt ten, nigdy dotąd nie zmieniany, stanowi nie tylko przykład wzorowej, kompletnej i kompetentnej legislacji, ale budzi również uznanie znakomitym ujęciem prawnej, technicznej i organizacyjnej strony bhp na statku morskim. Abstrahując od ustawy z 5 sierpnia 2015 r. o pracy na morzu, autor omawia również kompetencje kapitana statku w zakresie bhp obecne w innych powszechnie obowiązujących źródłach prawa.