bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaotic dynamics of the sugarcane borer-two parasitoid agroecosystem with seasonality
Authors: Rafikov Marat , Molter Alexandre , Bezerra João Inácio Moreira , Rafikova Elvira , Varriale Maria Cristina
Published: February 2025

Sugarcane production is a significant and profitable agribusiness sector in many countries. Nevertheless, this industry suffers significant losses from the sugarcane pests, among which the most important one is the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis). This pest population is hard to be controlled due to its different life stages, thus biological control (with more than one predator species) can be applied. Therefore, in this work, we present and analyze a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the sugarcane borer and its two different life stages parasitoids: eggs (Trichogramma galloi) and larval (Cotesia flavipes). First, a host-parasitoid model is used to obtain the population dynamics, which also considers the influence of seasonal variations. Then, system simulations and bifurcation diagrams show that the introduction of seasonality perturbations causes complex dynamics and results in limit cycles and strange attractors.
Volatile compound changes at Brunfelsia uniflora flower senescence
Authors: Colauto Nelson Barros , Oliveira Hérika Line Marko de , Inumaro Rodrigo Sadao , Almeida Fabiane Cerqueira de , Ferreira Ederlan de Souza , Souza Carolina Oliveira de , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Lima Daniel de , Linde Giani Andrea , Gazim Zilda Cristiani
Published: February 2025

The flower of Brunfelsia uniflora has few studies and no chemical characterization of volatiles by direct extraction via headspace and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS). This study provides background information on the flower senescence process. The objective of this study was to compare the chemical composition of volatiles from the purple and white flower stages of B. uniflora by HS/GC-MS. The volatile compounds from flowers incubated in headspace vials were analyzed by GC-MS. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority volatile class. The main volatile compounds for purple flower were trans-nerolidol (16.2%), trans-geranylgeraniol (5.8%), cis-linalool oxide (4.9%), and cis-cis-geranyl linalool (4.4%), and for white flower were trans-nerolidol (26.1%), trans-β-ocimene (9.5%), trans-geranylgeraniol (7.9%), and trans-γ-bisabolene (3.1%). Our results increased the knowledge of the types of volatile chemical compounds at different maturation stages of B. uniflora flower.
How has deforestation affected and might affect the climate in the Amazon basin during the rainy season?
Authors: Mendes Karoline Suelly de Souza , Brito Adriane Lima , Lima Adriana Lira , Veiga José Augusto Paixão
Published: February 2025

Changes in land use and land cover in the Amazon rainforest, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes, are occurring at increasingly rapid rates, with potential implications for regional climate. Therefore, studies aiming to understand the effects of deforestation on the Amazon basin are becoming highly necessary. The main objective of this study was to understand, through regional numerical modeling, how deforestation has been affecting and may affect in the future the spatial pattern of precipitation and temperature in the Amazon basin during the rainy season. To achieve this, data from numerical experiments with different spatial scales of deforestation in the Amazon were used. These data were generated by the regional ETA model forced by the HadGEM2-ES model for a 30-year period. The analyses were performed in the form of climate anomalies. For the current climate, the results indicate that a scenario of partial deforestation would lead to significant increases in temperature and a slight local increase in precipitation in the Arc of Deforestation region. On the other hand, a scenario in which the entire Amazon Forest is removed showed more prominent increases in temperature and reductions in precipitation throughout the Amazon basin.
Biotic and abiotic factors influence the chemical composition, toxicity, and biological potential of Serjania marginata casar
Authors: Falcão Ríndhala Jadão Rocha , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Matias Rosemary , Castro Thiago Luis Aguayo de , Vieira Silvia Cristina Heredia
Published: February 2025

Environmental problems have provoked concerns that run through scientific research, laws, and even the definition of public policies. It is undeniable that efforts have been made to include environmental issues in legislation and improve existing environmental policies, especially with regard to proper waste management. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of publications and identify trends in the scientific environment in relation to environmental management and organic waste in the urban environment, considering the period from 1992 to 2021.This is a scientometric, descriptive, and exploratory study. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to process the data collected from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Recent scenarios have shown that environmental management and organic waste occupy a prominent place in journals considered to have a high impact factor. In addition, the topics covered in the publications are versatile, reflecting diverse disciplinary perspectives such as environmental science, public policy, cultural studies, and technological innovation. These diverse angles of analysis provide an understanding of how complex and comprehensive the issues related to organic waste management in urban environments are, thus revealing its potential and the ongoing interest of researchers.
An ecotoxicological approach for criteria and standards of sanitary effluent control in Brazil
Authors: Silva Thamiris Rocha Guerra da , Pinto Augusto Eduardo Miranda , Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann , Lopes Renato Matos , Saraiva Victor Barbosa , Lugon Junior Jader , Oliveira Manildo Marcião de
Published: February 2025

Brazil is noteworthy in South America due to several laws concerning effluent ecotoxicological assessments. Due to the growing demand for sanitary effluent toxicity control in urban settings, this study carried out a comprehensive assessment of current ecotoxicological criteria and standards for effluent release in receiving water bodies in Brazil. The findings reveal that states mostly apply federal legislation, with only six states (SP, RJ, MG, PR, SC, RS) establishing more protective laws. These results aid in establishing environmental legislation adjustments, aiming at greater environmental safety and preventing contamination by contaminants of emerging interest, such as microplastics, certain drugs and nanocomposites, which are not removed by conventional sewage systems treatment.
Folheações do espaço hiperbólico H³ por superfícies mínimas
Authors: Gomes Matheus Pimentel
Published: February 2025

Neste trabalho, apresentamos duas folheações do espaço hiperbólico por superfícies mínimas. Em cada uma dessas folheações, as folhas são todas invariantes pelo fluxo de um campo de Killing. Na primeira, o campo de Killing é do tipo parabólico, e na segunda, do tipo hiperbólico.
The Role of the Culture of Sacrifice and Martyrdom in the Creation of a new Islamic Civilization
Authors: Zamani Mohsen
Published: February 2025

In all human societies, certain values form the bedrock of a culture. The significance and status of these values are such that every nation perceives its identity, social and political life as dependent upon its adherence to and respect for them, and upon the complete transmission of these values to future generations. The culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom is one such value that has been intertwined with the history of Iran and has always held a special place. It has long served as an inspiration for believers and Muslims on the path of human and divine perfection. This research, conducted through a literature review, aims to examine the role of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in the creation of a new Islamic civilization. The findings indicate that the safeguarding of values within the framework of monotheism, coupled with a deepening of the spirit of selflessness, a focus on justice and dignity in the pursuit of Islamic liberation, non-dependence on foreign powers, and the neutralization of sedition through a clear understanding of enemies, are among the most prominent strategies of the school of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in establishing and realizing a new Islamic civilization.
Adapting Artificial Intelligence in ADR Processes in BRICS Countries: Trends and Prospects for the Next 20 Years
Authors: Juraev Jahangir
Published: February 2025

This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the current landscape, emerging trends, opportunities and challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems across the BRICS nations of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa over the next 20 years. Through extensive analysis of scholarly literature, national policies and regulations, it develops a strategic framework comprised of tailored principles, policies and priority actions aimed at steering the adoption of AI in the ADR domain in a responsible, ethical and socially aligned manner. The research highlights the significant risks posed by the irresponsible deployment of AI, including the perpetuation of biases, the undermining of due process, the erosion of human discretion and oversight, and the replication or amplification of broader societal inequalities if adequate governance safeguards are not proactively instituted. It proposes priority policies for BRICS countries including public outreach campaigns promoting awareness of AI impacts on law and ethics, legislation mandating contestability of algorithmic decisions, networks for policy coordination and best practice sharing, and investments in regional centers of excellence researching AI-powered dispute resolution.
Application of Neural Networks for Analysis of Sides Behavior in ADR Processes
Authors: Rodionov Andrey
Published: February 2025

This conceptual research explores potentials for applying artificial intelligence modeling techniques to gain data-driven insights into side behaviors during alternative dispute resolution processes. Analysis suggests neural networks may identify subtle psychology and communication patterns from large datasets that human mediators overlook. However, realizing benefits requires addressing challenges surrounding model biases, transparency, and effects on mediation practice. If thoughtfully applied, AI could enhance mediator training and strategy guidance, while tempering too fast automation. But early adoption without safeguards risks undermining indispensable human expertise essential to ethical conflict resolution. Thus extensive research remains to determine appropriate integration of AI for augmenting alternative dispute resolution through human-centered design.
Development of AIOT-based health kiosks for patient classification in e-health
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, AMST, Hanoi,  Vietnam, Kien Pham
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to develop health kiosks that collect demographic data, body indices, and vital signs of patients. Additionally, this paper proposed the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict and classify patients based on various respiratory infectious diseases, using the data collected by the device. Furthermore, the paper discussed formatting the device's output packages according to HL-7 standards to facilitate seamless integration with hospital management system (HMS). It also proposed a solution for deploying these devices on e-Health platforms utilizing Internet of Things (IoT). During routine operations, the kiosks collect demographic data, body indices, and vital signs from patients for medical examination and treatment. In the event of an epidemic, these kiosks can be utilized to detect and manage positive cases, thereby contributing to the reduction of the spread of infectious respiratory diseases.
Analisis Tiang Pancang dengan Uji Dinamis dan Statis terhadap Kapasitas Ijin Manufaktur
Authors: Kurniawan Tanjung Dian , Zaki M.
Published: February 2025

Pile foundation is one of the methods used to increase the carrying capacity of building structures, especially in varying soil conditions. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of pile foundation tops using various static formulas, such as Meyerhoff (1956), Poulus & Davis, Schmertmann, Coyle & Castilo, and the Alpha & Lambda Method, and compare them with the results of static testing using the Mazurkiewich & Chin method as well as dynamic testing with the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). The research method used includes the collection of primary data from the F2 Building construction project at the X Shoe Factory, which includes Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, Cone Penetration Test (CPT), piling calendar, and static and dynamic load test results. The results show that the Meyerhoff method with Terzaghi correction NSPT has the closest value to the static and dynamic test results, while the most accurate dynamic formula is the ENR modified formula. In addition, the comparison of the carrying capacity of the pole to the allowable load of the design and manufacturing shows that there is still efficiency that can be done in the selection of the type and dimension of the pole. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the optimal carrying capacity calculation method and cost efficiency in the implementation of pile foundations, which can be a reference in the planning and design of building structures.
Principle of facticity and the general anti-abuse rule from the ATAD Directive
Authors: Vasović Miloš
Published: February 2025

The general anti-abuse rule outlined in the Directive on rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market represents a provision adopted by EU Member States as a minimum standard, either through full implementation or alignment with existing domestic rules. This provision is intended to prevent corporate tax avoidance. National tax legislation includes the principle of facticity (substance over form), which is commonly regarded in practice as a general anti-abuse measure. This raises the question of whether applying the principle of facticity can be deemed equivalent to implementing the general anti-abuse measure prescribed by the Directive. The objective of this paper is to analyze the aforementioned provision from the Directive and compare it with the principle of facticity. Assuming that domestic legislation should be aligned with EU law in the area of corporate taxation and that national fiscal interests must be safeguarded, the paper employs the normative dogmatic and content analysis methods with particular reference to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Through this approach, the author aims to recommend adopting a new anti-abuse measure that aligns with European legislation regardless of the principle of facticity.
Illegal drugs, addiction and intoxication
Authors: Banovac Milić
Published: February 2025

This paper is primarily based on three situations in which drugs, intoxication and addiction are manifesting in mutual connection. First situation refers to drug abuse of a perpetrator with reduced comprehensibility, caused by temporary mental illness. The other two situations include criminal act perpetrated by addictive and intoxicated persons, addictive in second and intoxicated in third. To examinate this theme, the author had to use appropriate legal and psychiatric literature. First part of work is describing human basic needs and drugs, addiction and their correlation with drugs, while the other part of work include legally part, as was told, these three situations. This part includes the explanation of basic criminal law regulations which specify this theme and processed situations with adequate verdicts. After these three situations, last situation presents circumstances in which addicted person under drug possession committed another criminal act, which is per se mixed situation. During study author realized that drugs connected with sanity in Serbian criminal law, can be viewed as delict of possession, committed by a person who have, already told, mental illness, while the other two situations shows that drugs can be understood as cause of criminal acts, because addiction of perpetrator who committed property delicts and the drug possession crime. Situation in which drug possessed person committed other crimes point that in that situation drugs are consequence, in essential meaning. After everything mentioned it can be realized that addictive persons and persons who are periodically using drugs are going in circles, because they will be prosecuted for drug possession, which is criminalized in Serbian criminal law and if they do the other crimes to get resources to by drugs, while drugs causes actiones liberae in cause, which is in European continental law understood as offend intoxication. Criminal act committed by a reduced comprehensibility perpetrator should be solved by court ordered medical treatsmensts.
Tax morale in Serbia: Stylized facts and policy considerations
Authors: Ranđelović Saša
Published: February 2025

Tax morale is a set of intrinsic, non-monetary factors that shape people's willingness to pay taxes even in the absence of coercion. Empirical studies show that close to a third of the variation in the shadow economy and tax evasion between countries can be explained by factors related to tax morale. This paper outlines stylized facts about tax morale in Serbia, measured using internationally comparable data from the seventh wave of the European Values Survey (EVS) 2017-2022. According to these results, about 78 percent of people in Serbia report a high level of tax morale - 9 percentage points below the EU average and 4.5 percentage points lower than the rest of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which ranks Serbia 25th among 31 European countries. The level of tax morale depends on formal and informal institutions - the most important being trust in the government and satisfaction with the quality of public goods and services. EVS data indicate that the degree of citizens' trust in the government and the public sector in Serbia is close to the European median, and slightly below the EU and the CEE average. On the other hand, the World Bank data on the quality of governance show that the index of government effectiveness (which indicates the quality of public goods and services) in Serbia, which rose until 2017, is still significantly below the EU and CEE average - Serbia is ranked 30th among 36 European countries. For a more significant step forward in improving tax morale in Serbia in the long run, it is necessary to take systematic and comprehensive action in the direction of improving the quality and availability of public goods and services, enhancing the trust in the government through strengthening institutions and the rule of law, improving the fairness of the public finance system, increasing investment in fundamental public services such as education and health care, eliminating tax amnesties, and upholding a value system based on honesty.
Competitiveness of generations Z and Alpha in the age of generative AI
Authors: Savić Nebojša , Lazarević Jelisaveta , Grujić Filip , Čolić-Mihajlović Valentina
Published: February 2025

Major societal events such as wars, economic crises, and pandemics are key forces shaping generational identities and differences. However, technology also plays a pivotal role in defining each generation's experiences and opportunities. Millennials came of age during the rise of the Internet, when the ability to search for basic information online was considered revolutionary. Over time, the Internet has become the backbone of modern economies, commerce, and daily life. In contrast, Generation Z grew up in the era of smartphones and social media, experiencing unprecedented real-time connectivity. Simple functionalities like taking and posting photos directly from a phone redefined communication and self-expression, while social media platforms became indispensable tools for networking, job seeking, and information sharing. Technological advancements also shaped career trends, with Millennials gravitating toward computing and information technology. On the other hand, Generation Z pioneered entirely new professions, such as content creation, aimed at capturing and retaining audience attention. Currently, Generation Alpha is being raised in the transformative age of artificial intelligence. This generation will influence and be influenced by AI, engaging in a reciprocal relationship that will redefine the technological landscape and further shape generational dynamics in the years to come. For the purposes of this study, we conducted research among 505 members of Millennials, Generation Z, and Generation Alpha to understand the extent to which and the ways they use GenAI, as well as how they perceive the impact of this technology on their future.
Does foreign direct investment improve energy efficiency: Firm-level evidence from CEFTA 2006 economies
Authors: Kastratović Radovan , Lončar Dragan
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment on firm-level energy efficiency in CEFTA 2006 economies. Using firm-level data from 2,241 firms across seven CEFTA 2006 economies for the period 2017-2018, we employ propensity score matching to estimate the effect of foreign direct investment on energy intensity. Our findings indicate that foreign direct investment reduces firm-level energy intensity by between 1.67 and 1.89 percent points, representing approximately half of the mean energy intensity value for the entire sample. This suggests that foreign ownership and investment contribute to energy efficiency improvements, potentially through technology and knowledge transfers, which improves productivity. However, the magnitude and the statistical significance of the effect varies across countries, with stronger improvements observed in the firms operating in economies with higher energy self-sufficiency and lower reliance on fossil fuels, highlighting the role of broader energy market structures and environmental and energy policies in mediating the effects of foreign direct investment. We further explore the role of other internationalization factors, finding no significant impact of exporting and reliance on foreign-produced inputs on energy efficiency.
The role of MRI diffusion and morphological parameters in diagnostic of local recurrence of postoperative pancreatic adenocarcinoma proven by positron emission tomography-computed tomography
Authors: Šaponjski Dušan , Đurić-Stefanović Aleksandra , Šobić-Šaranović Dragana
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases today with a high mortality rate. The disease is asymptomatic for a long period or causes non-specific symptoms as nausea, pain and symptomatically icterus. That is why it is most often discovered in the later stages. The only available curative method is a radical surgical intervention, which involves the Whipple procedure for tumors localized in the area of the head of the pancreas or distal pancreatectomy in case the tumor is localized in the region of the body or tail. Given the fact that most tumors are discovered in an advanced form of the disease, a small number of patients are candidates for surgical intervention and even after the same, and the five-year survival rate is relatively low. For this reason, early detection of local recurrence is of great importance. So far, PET-CT has proven to be the method of choice for early detection of local recurrence. A rising number of studies show the importance of Mr and diffusion sequences in diagnosing the recurrence of pancreatic cancer.
Examining the presence and frequency of impulse control disorders in Wilson's disease
Authors: Nikolić Ana , Mladenović Danilo , Marković Vladana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Wilson's disease is a rare, hereditary disease, which leads to the accumulation of copper, primarily in the liver and brain, due to the impossibility of its excretion from the body. The disease is presented with hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The neurological form of the disease includes the following forms: Parkinson-like, dystonic, cerebellar and mixed form. Aim: To determine the presence and frequency of impulse control disorder and other psychiatric symptoms in Wilson's disease. Material and methods: This is an observational study in which consecutive patients who were treated at the Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, were examined. Respondents were surveyed with the following questionnaires and scales: Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders, Beck Depression Scale, Hamilton's Anxiety Scale, Apathy Scale, Impulsivity Scale, Questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The severity of the disease was assessed using the Unified Wilson Disease Rating Scale. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, PKI+ and PKI-, based on whether they had any of the impulse control disorders according to the QUIP-RS scale. Results: A total of 7 out of 25 patients were classified as WB-PKI+ and 18 of them as WB-PKI-. No statistically significant difference was found in the scales assessing the severity of the disease and the behavioral and cognitive characteristics between the two groups. The logistic regression model for the diagnosis of impulse control disorders was significant and a higher score on the apathy scale emerged as a significant predictor. Statistical analysis showed that there is a higher apathy scale score and a lower MMSE score in patients with dystonic forms of the disease. Results show that patients with mixed form of disease have higher score on impulsivity scale. Sperman's test shows that there is a statistically significant correlation between the length and severity of the illness and Apathy Scale. Conclusion: Patients with Wilson's disease are affected by various impulse control disorders in 28% of patients, with those who have more severe symptoms of apathy being at increased risk.
Incidence, clinical characteristics and survival of patients with functional neuroendocrine lung tumors
Authors: Vasić Ana , Popović Bojana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Functional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a special group of NETs in which features of hormonal hypersecretory syndrome additionally complicate clinical picture and treatment of tumoral disease. Functional NETs mostly originate from pancreas and lungs, but data is very limited when it comes to lung NETs. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics and survival of patients with functional lung NETs. Material and methods: We analyzed a total of 230 patients. Tumor grade was assessed according to the current WHO classification, and tumor stage according to AJCC/TNM criteria/ classification. The patients were analyzed in terms of presence of the following hypersecre-tory syndromes: 1) carcinoid syndrome, 2) ectopic Cushing's syndrome, 3) SIADH, 4) ectopic acromegaly, 5) ectopic calcitonin secretion. The diagnoses were made by hormonal values and appropriate functional tests. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software package (version 25.0). Results: Functional tumor was diagnosed in 55 (23.9%) patients, mostly presenting with carcinoid syndrome (9.1%) and ectopic Cushing's syndrome (6.5%). Functional tumors were predominantly (66.7%) well-differentiated typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC). The majority was metastatic (76.4%), which was significantly more frequent than in the non-functional group (p = 0.003). Two groups were similar in primary tumor size (p = 0.705) and tumor grade (p = 0.161). The overall survival of functional lung NETs was 36.0 ± 16.3 months. This was significantly shorter compared to non-functional tumors (p = 0.002), but the difference was maintained only in the well-differentiated tumor groups (p = 0.024 for TC, p = 0.009 for AC, p = 0.781 for LCNEC, and p = 0.632 for SCLC). Conclusion: Functional lung NETs make up almost a quarter of all lung NETs, affecting clinical picture and treatment choices. Our data suggests that the functionality itself might have an impact on survival of patients with well-differentiated tumors, but more studies are needed to confirm this thesis.
The mutual gaze between the city and the monument: The partisan graveyard in Mostar by Bogdan Bogdanović
Authors: Rucli Vida
Published: February 2025

The paper examines the Partisan graveyard of Mostar (1965), designed by the architect Bogdan Bogdanović to commemorate partisans from the fall of Mostar in WW2, through its spatial configuration. Exploring both the built and the unfinished spaces that constitute the big memorial complex as well as the critical responses written at the time of its construction, the paper introduces the memorial as a processional path which traverses different ambiences always conceived in dialectical relation to the city of Mostar. With a meandering movement that follows the paths through the monument and the voices of Yugoslavian art and architectural historians commenting on Bogdanović work, the paper unfolds the main themes of the memorial complex: the perceptual correspondences between the city and the monument, the contextual relation between the memorial and the landscape where it is located, and the haptic and slow embodied experience as a way of mediating remembrance. Rather than concentrating on the symbolic apparatus, which is usually the main focus of the readings of Bogdanović's memorial, the paper, with the help of detailed new drawings of the memorial complex, discloses the multi-layered landscape-path-monument relations and their correspondence with the city.
Jovan Kratohvil's monument dedicated to the Yugoslav fallen in central Italy in Sansepolcro, Tuscany
Authors: Mariani Pietro
Published: February 2025

The article aims to analyse the morphological and spatial characteristics and the historical reasons that led to the construction of the monument dedicated to the Yugoslav fallen of the Second World War in central Italy. The monument, designed by Jovan Kratohvil and inaugurated in Tuscany, in Sansepolcro, on December 15, 1973, represents the third memorial built by the Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia in Italy within the framework of cultural collaboration amid the geopolitical context that resulted in the signing of the Osimo Treaties in 1975 between Rome and Belgrade. The monument is situated near the location of the fascist concentration camp of Renicci, where over one hundred and sixty Yugoslav prisoners lost their lives between the autumn of 1942 and the autumn of 1943. Built around a statue and a crypt, it is situated at the centre of a cemetery field and is closely related to a strictly defined typological context. Jovan Kratohvil regarded the project for the Sansepolcro memorial as one of his most significant achievements, representing a peak of his research conducted between the second half of the 1960s and 1974, during his initial phase of complete abstraction.
Colisiones de aves contra ventanales en un campus universitario de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Agudelo-Álvarez Laura , Moreno-Velasquez Johan , Ocampo-Peñuela Natalia
Published: February 2025

Land transformation and the accelerated rate at which cities are growing have generated new conservation problems that have not been studied thoroughly in the tropics. This is the case of bird collisions with human built structures, estimated to claim billions of victims every year around the world. Between April 2006 and November 2008, we recorded collisions of 106 individuals of 18 species, including 11 species of boreal migrants and 7 resident species, with windows of six buildings in the campus of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá; 88% of all collisions were fatal to the birds. We found that windows through which birds could see vegetation beyond were more dangerous (73% of all collisions recorded) than those which simply reflected vegetation or the sky, and that the number of collisions peaked during the period of fall migration by boreal breeders. Extrapolating our study of collisions at six buildings, we estimate that ca. 271 collisions could occur annually over the entire campus. We invite others to extend these observations and to collect as scientific specimens the casualties so they can serve as a source of information on patterns of migration, expansion of distribution ranges and potential national and global threat for some species. We review possible mitigation measures and encourage others to apply and evaluate those that have proved effective elsewhere.
Comportamiento social, dinámica grupal y vocalizaciones del Periquito de Santa Marta (Pyrrhura viridicata) durante el forrajeo
Authors: Botero-Delgadillo Esteban , Verhelst Juan Carlos , Páez Carlos Andrés
Published: February 2025

The Santa Marta Parakeet (Pyrrhura viridicata) is a poorly studied species and several aspects of its biology remain unknown. This study carried out between July and December 2006 in the Cuchilla de San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, describes its social behavior and vocalizations during foraging. During the first half of the morning, we recorded the greatest activity between 06:00 and 08:00 hours and group size ranged from three to 20 individuals, with a most frequent size of ca. 10 birds. Larger groups were associated with a concentrated source of food and with the start of the breeding season. We characterized four vocalizations associated with different stages of the events observed. Groups maintained high cohesion during foraging, which depended on group size and was related to the spatial distribution of individuals in the vegetation. Additionally, we noted the recurrent presence of parakeets in the same trees for weeks, which is common for other parrots, and was related to their foraging cycle and food availability. These data may allow identification of critical areas, resources and stages during the life cycle of the parakeet, which could be essential for conservation planning.
Abundancia del chamón parásito (Molothrus bonariensis, Icteridae) en 19 humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Villaneda-Rey Manuela , Rosselli Loreta
Published: February 2025

The Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) is an avian brood parasite that could represent a threat for the survival of some endangered birds. To evaluate this potential problem for threatened or endemic wetland species, we estimated the abundance of Molothrus bonariensis and studied its behavior, its association with vegetation and its interspecific interactions in 19 wetlands located in the Bogotá area, Colombia. We found densities between 0 and 2.24 ind./ha, which are significantly lower than those of the Yellow-hooded Blackbird (Chrysomus icterocephalus), a known host. Urban wetlands presented higher cowbird densities than semiurban and rural wetlands together. The cowbirds showed a strong association with introduced trees between 10.1 and 15 m high, isolated from other trees and with medium foliage densities, as well as with stands of bulrush. Only 4.5% of the cowbirds observed were interacting with individuals of other species, mostly the blackbird, which sometimes evicted the cowbird from its territories. We conclude that the abundance of Molothrus bonariensis may not yet represent a serious threat for most species it parasitizes with the exception of Apolinar’s Wren (Cistothorus apolinari), which is in such a precarious situation that the presence of only a few cowbirds could be disastrous for its persistence.
نتائج الكوارث الطبيعية في العصر العباسي وانعكاساتها على المستويين الاقتصادي والسكاني(2-4هـ/8-10م)
Authors: عادل أحمد ملحم
Published: February 2025

خلفت الكوارث الطبيعية التي حدثت في العصر العباسي ابان فترة البحث، نتائج متنوعة على المستويين الاقتصادي والسكاني ، فمن نتائجها الاقتصادية القضاء على البنى التحتية  البسيطة في الأصل من جسور وقناطر تكاد تتناسب مع واقع الحال والمعدات المتوفرة آنذاك، إلى غمر المساحات الزراعية بالمياه في فترة الفياضانات التي تتلف المحاصيل الزراعية، إلى غمر مدن بأكملها بالمياه والقضاء على  الناس وأرزاقهم وبخاصة الحرفيين منهم ، إلى النتائج البشرية المتمثلة بالامراض والاوبئة وارتفاع عدد الوفايات وتهجير بعضهم وتغيير الديموغرافية السكانية والتأثير سلباً على الأوضاع الاجتماعية وان قامت الدولة بوسائل متعددة للمساعدة والتخفيف من نتائج الكارثة.
البويهيون بدلاً من الأتراك في منصب إمرة الأمراء (334-447ھ /945-1055م)
Authors: : عبده مصطفى الزين
Published: February 2025

The Turks reached a significant level of influence within the Abbasid Caliphate, eventually ascending to the position of "Amir al-Umara" (Commander of Commanders) during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Radi (322-329 AH/934-940 AD). Ibn Ra'iq, the Turk, was appointed to this position. However, the Turkish leaders who succeeded Ibn Ra'iq, and later Bajkam, did not possess the same political acumen and cunning as their predecessors.
As a result, conspiracies, treachery, and betrayal began to spread among them, weakening their position towards the Abbasid Caliph, who was unconcerned with the identity or name of the person he would appoint. The primary concern of the Abbasid caliphate was to encourage battles and conflicts among the princes and commanders to maintain its dominance and shower favors on the victor.
This state of political chaos and disarray among the Turkish leaders had a negative impact on the general affairs within the Abbasid Caliphate. The state's public finances collapsed, the Caliphate's treasury emptied, and the people felt a political void and a lack of security. Additionally, the Abbasid caliphs fell under the influence of the Turks, who themselves had usurped power. They began to depose caliphs and control who ascended to the caliphate. The situation reached the point where the caliphs became mere puppets in the hands of the Turks, leading to the collapse of security and stability.
The Abbasid caliph began to consider another element to gain favor in the position of "Amir al-Umara" instead of the Turks. It seems that the political and military circumstances favored the Buyids.
In the year 323 AH/935 AD, Mardawij al-Daylami was killed by his Turkish slaves after he had wronged them and accused them of being devils. Ali ibn Buya took advantage of this opportunity and took control of the Jabal (mountain) region. He sent his brother Abu al-Fadl al-Amid to Fars, Kerman, and other areas. He then sought to secure the borders of the regions he had seized, strengthening control over Ahwaz, paving the way for entry into Iraq, and assuming the position of "Amir al-Umara" instead of the Turks.
The Buyids remained in this position until the Seljuk Sultan entered Baghdad and overthrew the Buyid dynasty, marking a new phase in the Abbasid Caliphate's history, which we will explore in subsequent research.
الطبيعة القانونية لعقد الاستشارة الهندسية
Authors: م.م ليث إبراهيم محمد  , الأستاذ الدكتور خليل خيراللهw
Published: February 2025

يتناول هذا البحث "الطبيعة القانونية لعقد الاستشارة الهندسية" الذي يعد من العقود الحديثة في المجالات الهندسية. ينقسم البحث إلى مبحثين رئيسيين؛ الأول يركز على تعريف عقد الاستشارة الهندسية وخصائصه، موضحاً أنه اتفاق قانوني بين طرفين: المستشار الهندسي وصاحب المشروع، بهدف تقديم خدمات استشارية متخصصة تشمل إعداد التصاميم والإشراف على التنفيذ. يتميز هذا العقد بالاعتماد على الخبرة الفنية والتزاماته الذهنية والفكرية، مع توضيح الخصائص العامة كونه عقداً رضائياً وملزماً للجانبين وغير مسمى.
أما المبحث الثاني فيناقش التكييف القانوني لعقد الاستشارة الهندسية، مبرزاً أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بينه وبين العقود التقليدية مثل عقود المقاولة والترخيص ونقل التكنولوجيا. يُظهر البحث الطبيعة الاعتبارية لهذا العقد التي تقوم على الثقة بالمهندس الاستشاري وخبرته، ويؤكد على الالتزامات غير التقليدية مثل السرية وتقديم النصائح الفنية.
يخلص البحث إلى أن عقد الاستشارة الهندسية يمثل نموذجاً مميزاً من العقود المهنية التي تتطلب تخصصاً عالياً، مع الحاجة إلى تنظيم تشريعي يحدد إطاراً قانونياً واضحاً لهذا النوع من العقود.
قياس الاثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لصناعة كرة القدم على التنمية الاقتصادية
Authors: د. أشرف حسن احمد الحاج
Published: February 2025

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل دور صناعة كرة القدم في تعزيز النمو الاقتصادي، وتقليل معدلات البطالة، وتنويع مصادر الدخل في المملكة العربية السعودية، بالإضافة إلى استكشاف العقبات المالية والتنظيمية والإدارية التي تعيق تطور هذه الصناعة وتحدّ من مساهمتها في التنمية الاقتصادية.  وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، أبرزها أن صناعة كرة القدم تُعد من العوامل المحفزة لجذب الاستثمارات المحلية والأجنبية، لما تحققه من عائدات كبيرة تسهم في دفع عجلة التنمية الاقتصادية.  كما قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات، كان من أبرزها ضرورة منح صناعة كرة القدم اهتمامًا متزايدًا، ووضعها ضمن الأولويات الاقتصادية، أسوةً بالصناعات الأخرى، لما لها من تأثير إيجابي في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة.
计算机化线性测验中泄露题目的检测:一种使用自编码器和BERT的新方法
Authors: Pan Yiqin , Sinharay Sandip , 陆 翔宇
Published: February 2025

题目泄露是测验行业中备受关注的一个重要问题。我们提出了一种通过分析作答时间和分数来检测计算机化线性测验中泄露题目的新方法。我们的方法包括三个主要组成部分:第一，我们采用自编码器(一种神经网络)对作答时间和分数进行建模，捕捉每道题目和每名考生的独特特征;第二，我们开发了一个基于 BERT 的模型来分析考生的作答模式，以预测期望作答时间。自编码器生成的特征向量被整合到这一模型中以增强其识别作答模式的能力;第三，我们设计了一种算法，通过比较期望作答数据和实际作答数据来标记出可能已泄露的题目。模拟研究的结果表明，本文提出的方法能够有效地检测出泄露题目，且只要存在一定程度的题目泄露，就能够将假阳性率控制在低水平，并保持较高的检出率。
Pelaksanaan Prosedur Audit Laporan Keuangan Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Drs. Hardi & Rekan
Authors: Syafira Imellda , Haryanti Pipin
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pelaksanaan prosedur audit yang efektif dalam menjamin kewajaran laporan keuangan, khususnya di Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Drs. Hardi & Rekan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji penerapan prosedur audit, mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi, serta menganalisis solusi yang diterapkan dalam proses audit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka untuk memperoleh data yang komprehensif dan valid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan prosedur audit di KAP Drs. Hardi & Rekan telah sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan, meliputi tahap perencanaan, pengumpulan bukti audit, pelaksanaan pengujian, hingga pelaporan hasil. Kendati demikian, beberapa hambatan ditemukan, seperti kesulitan dalam memperoleh dokumen yang memadai dari klien dan waktu yang terbatas dalam pelaksanaan audit. Solusi yang diterapkan mencakup komunikasi yang intensif dengan klien dan penggunaan strategi audit yang fleksibel. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pelaksanaan prosedur audit yang sesuai standar tidak hanya meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan, tetapi juga memperkuat transparansi dan akuntabilitas bagi para pemangku kepentingan.
Musso, Codorníu, Madariaga y Melgares: cuatro ingenieros de montes en la restauración hidrológico-forestal de Sierra Espuña (Murcia)
Authors: López Azorín Fernando
Published: February 2025

In compliance with the Systematic plan for repopulating hydrographic basins to reduce flood damage, in September 1888 the Repopulation Commission of the Segura Basin was established, formed by the forestry engineers José Musso Moreno (1840-1920), Ricardo Codorníu Stárico (1846-1923) and Juan Ángel de Madariaga Casado (1861-1923). They began in the Sierra de Espuña (Murcia), which they divided into three portions and several perimeters, preparing a repopulation project for each one for official approval. The repopulation began under the direction of Musso and, since December 1895, under the direction of Codorníu with the collaboration of Madariaga. They repopulated more than 3,256 hectares of forest in which they planted more than 4,300,000 trees. In June 1901 the Commission was replaced by the Hydrological-Forest Division of Segura and from 1903 the work was directed by the engineer Ramón Melgares Góngora (1868-1943) until 1924, when the total repopulated area to 4,894 hectares. This work summarizes the development of repopulation, detailing in the biography of each engineer their work in the hydrological-forest restoration of Sierra Espuña.

En cumplimiento del Plan sistemático de repoblación de cuencas hidrográficas para disminuir los daños por inundaciones, en septiembre de 1888 se constituyó la Comisión de Repoblación de la Cuenca del Segura formada por los ingenieros de montes José Musso Moreno (1840-1920), Ricardo Codorníu Stárico (1846-1923) y Juan Ángel de Madariaga Casado (1861-1923). Comenzaron en la Sierra de Espuña (Murcia) que dividieron en tres porciones y en varios perímetros, preparando de cada uno un proyecto de repoblación para su aprobación oficial. La repoblación fue iniciada bajo la dirección de Musso y, desde diciembre de 1895, bajo la dirección de Codorníu con la colaboración de Madariaga. Repoblaron más de 3.256 hectáreas de monte en las que plantaron más de 4.300.000 árboles. En junio de 1901 la Comisión fue sustituida por la División Hidrológico-forestal del Segura y desde 1903 los trabajos fueron dirigidos por el ingeniero Ramón Melgares Góngora (1868-1943) hasta 1924, llegando la superficie total repoblada a 4.894 hectáreas. En el presente trabajo se resume el desarrollo de la repoblación, detallando en la biografía de cada ingeniero, su labor en la restauración hidrológico-forestal de Sierra Espuña.
Välttämättömien palveluiden tarjonta ja saatavuus Pohjoismaiden maaseutualueilla
Authors: Bogason Ágúst , Slätmo Elin
Published: February 2025

Palveluiden tarjonta on yksi avaintekijöistä, jotka tekevät maaseutualueista vetovoimaisia ja elinkelpoisia. Monet eri kehityskulut kuten muuttovirrat, digitalisaatio ja ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutukset, vaikuttavat palveluiden saatavuuteen ja käsityksiin siitä, mitkä palvelut ovat välttämättömiä maaseudun arjessa.

Tämä raportti sisältää yhteenvedon Service Provision and Access to Services In Nordic Rural Areas – Secure, Trusted And For All Ages ‑hankkeen tuloksista sekä toimenpidesuosituksia.
Mellom utdelinger og utmerkelser: Muligheter for politisk støtte til rettferdige grønne omstillinger
Authors: Salonen Hilma
Published: February 2025

De akselererende virkningene av klimaendringer, behovet for å tilpasse seg endrede økonomiske og politiske realiteter og den nylige energikrisen har gjort den grønne omstillingen til noe som de fleste nordiske borgere anerkjenner som nødvendig. Siden produksjon av fornybar energi er mer desentralisert enn produksjon av fossilt brensel eller kjernekraft, påvirker det landskapet og arealbruken betydelig, og setter de nordiske distriktene i bresjen av grønne omstillingsmål. Det er imidlertid allerede tegn på at overgangsprosessen vil behandle urbane og rurale regioner ulikt og føre til at regioner som allerede er marginaliserte, blir hengende enda lenger bak.

Hvordan kan vi sikre mer rettferdige grønne omstillinger i distriktene? Anbefalingene i denne policyrapporten prøver å finne svar på dette spørsmålet for å takle typiske problemer som tynger grønn energi-prosjekter og å fremme en følelse av rettferdighet forankret i de lokale realitetene.
Evaluation of Second Language Dialogue Fluency
Authors: Peng Shiqing
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the measures of dialogue fluency, with a focus on within-turn fluency and between-turn fluency. First, within-turn fluency includes three dimensions: speed, breakdown (pauses and prolongations), and repair, while between-turn fluency focuses on turn pause and alignment. By reviewing previous studies, this research summarizes measures for within-turn fluency, particularly the application of composite measures (e.g., frequency of filled pauses, combining pause duration) in fluency studies. The findings reveal that speed, including both pure speed measures like articulation rate and combined measures such as speech rate encompassing both speed and pause, is the most commonly used measure in within-turn fluency studies. Additionally, research on between-turn fluency has been gradually increasing in recent years. Common between-turn fluency measures, as well as other potential measures, are summarized in this paper. Overall, this paper provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the selection of measures in future empirical studies and to enhance the systematicity of fluency assessment frameworks in future second language assessments.