bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large language models for generating medical examinations: systematic review
Authors: Artsi Yaara , Sorin Vera , Konen Eli , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Nadkarni Girish , Klang Eyal
Published: March 2024

Background

Writing multiple choice questions (MCQs) for the purpose of medical exams is challenging. It requires extensive medical knowledge, time and effort from medical educators. This systematic review focuses on the application of large language models (LLMs) in generating medical MCQs.

Methods

The authors searched for studies published up to November 2023. Search terms focused on LLMs generated MCQs for medical examinations. Non-English, out of year range and studies not focusing on AI generated multiple-choice questions were excluded. MEDLINE was used as a search database. Risk of bias was evaluated using a tailored QUADAS-2 tool.

Results

Overall, eight studies published between April 2023 and October 2023 were included. Six studies used Chat-GPT 3.5, while two employed GPT 4. Five studies showed that LLMs can produce competent questions valid for medical exams. Three studies used LLMs to write medical questions but did not evaluate the validity of the questions. One study conducted a comparative analysis of different models. One other study compared LLM-generated questions with those written by humans. All studies presented faulty questions that were deemed inappropriate for medical exams. Some questions required additional modifications in order to qualify.

Conclusions

LLMs can be used to write MCQs for medical examinations. However, their limitations cannot be ignored. Further study in this field is essential and more conclusive evidence is needed. Until then, LLMs may serve as a supplementary tool for writing medical examinations. 2 studies were at high risk of bias. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Blended intensive programme’s implementation in dental education: post-pandemic evolution of learning
Authors: Duś-Ilnicka Irena , Paradowska-Stolarz Anna , Mazur Marta , Radwan-Oczko Małgorzata , Perra Andrea , Paula Vanessa Salete de , Ward Laura Sterian , Valente Nicola Alberto , Firkova Elena , Karteva Teodora , Jorda Lucia Miralles , Sousa Gomes Pedro de , Dominiak Marzena
Published: March 2024

Blended Intensive Programmes (BIP’s) represent a valuable tool for gathering knowledge and summarising the latest trends in medicine and dentistry. Blended education has been found, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, to increase the level of education and stimulate effective learning for postgraduate healthcare professionals. Interprofessional education is critical for preparing students to enter the health workforce, where teamwork and collaboration are important competencies. This article outlines the key points of the Blended Intensive Programme’s implementation in dental education organised by Wroclaw Medical University in Poland. BIP involved professors from 12 universities or research institutions from Europe and South America and 28 participants from 8 countries. The course was taught remotely and in person. In addition, it included a visit to the university and practical classes with artificial simulation and practice in dentistry. A structured questionnaire enabled measuring the evaluation of students’ perception of the COVID-19 education before and after the pandemic. The European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students (ERASMUS) was fundamental to carrying out the BIP with the participation of several countries, allowing the exchange of knowledge, assessing the impact of the pandemic on dental universities, and strengthening international collaborations and the future project of research, education and clinical assistance. We conclude that hybrid teaching programmes broaden the learning spectrum in dental studies by allowing transnational and interdisciplinary approaches that make students aware of the importance of their work within the framework of the general health approach, as this differs from country to country.
Novel inhalation therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: principles, applications and prospects
Authors: Zheng Meiling , Zhu Wei , Gao Fei , Zhuo Yu , Zheng Mo , Wu Guanghao , Feng Cuiling
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) threatens millions of people worldwide with its irreversible progression. Although the underlying pathogenesis of PF is not fully understood, there is evidence to suggest that the disease can be blocked at various stages. Inhalation therapy has been applied for lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its application for treating PF is currently under consideration. New techniques in inhalation therapy, such as the application of microparticles and nanoparticles, traditional Chinese medicine monomers, gene therapy, inhibitors, or agonists of signaling pathways, extracellular vesicle interventions, and other specific drugs, are effective in treating PF. However, the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic techniques are influenced by the properties of inhaled particles, biological and pathological barriers, and the type of inhalation device used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological, pharmaceutical, technical, preclinical, and clinical experimental aspects of novel inhalation therapy for treating PF and focus on therapeutic methods that significantly improve existing technologies or expand the range of drugs that can be administered via inhalation. Although inhalation therapy for PF has some limitations, the advantages are significant, and further research and innovation about new inhalation techniques and drugs are encouraged.

Graphical Abstract
Revolutionizing lymph node metastasis imaging: the role of drug delivery systems and future perspectives
Authors: Cai Ze-Min , Li Zi-Zhan , Zhong Nian-Nian , Cao Lei-Ming , Xiao Yao , Li Jia-Qi , Huo Fang-Yi , Liu Bing , Xu Chun , Zhao Yi , Rao Lang , Bu Lin-Lin
Published: March 2024

The deployment of imaging examinations has evolved into a robust approach for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The advancement of technology, coupled with the introduction of innovative imaging drugs, has led to the incorporation of an increasingly diverse array of imaging techniques into clinical practice. Nonetheless, conventional methods of administering imaging agents persist in presenting certain drawbacks and side effects. The employment of controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) as a conduit for transporting imaging agents offers a promising solution to ameliorate these limitations intrinsic to metastatic lymph node (LN) imaging, thereby augmenting diagnostic precision. Within the scope of this review, we elucidate the historical context of LN imaging and encapsulate the frequently employed DDSs in conjunction with a variety of imaging techniques, specifically for metastatic LN imaging. Moreover, we engage in a discourse on the conceptualization and practical application of fusing diagnosis and treatment by employing DDSs. Finally, we venture into prospective applications of DDSs in the realm of LNM imaging and share our perspective on the potential trajectory of DDS development.

Graphical Abstract
Quality of life-related and non-quality of life-related issues in ICU survivors and non-ICU-treated controls: a multi-group exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Malmgren Johan , Lundin Stefan , Waldenström Ann-Charlotte , Rylander Christian , Johannesson Elias
Published: March 2024

Background

Quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome measure in healthcare. However, the heterogeneity in its definitions presents challenges in the objective evaluation of improvement. Universal questionnaires, tailored for a broad demographic group, inadequately represent the unique experiences of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors, including a lack of ability to discriminate issues related to QoL from issues that do not.

Methods

Using a 218-item, 13-domain provisional questionnaire, we assessed 395 adult ICU survivors, with a minimum 72-h stay at one of three Swedish university hospital ICUs, at 6 months to three years post-discharge. Their responses were compared to those of 195 controls, matched for age and sex and randomly recruited from the Swedish Population Registry. By multi-group exploratory factor analysis, we compared dimensionality in QoL perceptions between the two groups, emphasising patterns of correlation to 13 domain-specific QoL questions. Model fit was assessed using information criteria. Internal consistency reliability for each scale was determined using McDonald’s omega or Cronbach’s alpha. All analyses were conducted using Mplus, applying full information maximum likelihood to handle missing data.

Results

All domains except Cognition had a subset of questions correlating to the domain-specific QoL question in at least the ICU survivor group. The similarity between the two groups varied, with Physical health, Sexual health and Gastrointestinal (GI) functions mainly correlating the same issues to QoL in the two groups. In contrast, Fatigue, Pain, Mental health, activities of daily living, Sleep, Sensory functions and Work life showed considerable differences. In all, about one-fourth of the issues correlated to QoL in the ICU survivor group and about one-tenth of the issues in the control group.

Conclusions

We found most issues experienced by ICU survivors to be unrelated to quality of life. Our findings indicate that the consequences of post-ICU issues may play a more significant role in affecting QoL than the issues themselves; issues restricting and affecting social life and work life were more related to QoL in ICU survivors than in non-ICU-treated controls. Caution is advised before associating all post-ICU problems with an effect on quality of life.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Ref# NCT02767180; Registered 28 April 2016.
Factors associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD): a single institutional retrospective review
Authors: Wallace Gerald , Kundalia Ronak , Vallebuona Ethan , Cao Biwei , Kim Youngchul , Forsyth Peter , Soyano Aixa , Smalley Inna , Pina Yolanda
Published: March 2024

Background

Breast cancer-related leptomeningeal disease (BC-LMD) is a dire diagnosis for 5–8% of patients with breast cancer (BC). We conducted a retrospective review of BC-LMD patients diagnosed at Moffitt Cancer Center from 2011 to 2020, to determine the changing incidence of BC-LMD, factors which are associated with the progression of BC CNS metastasis to BC-LMD, and factors which are associated with OS for patients with BC-LMD.

Methods

Patients with BC and brain/spinal metastatic disease were identified. For those who eventually developed BC-LMD, we used Kaplan–Meier survival curve, log-rank test, univariable, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify factors affecting time from CNS metastasis to BC-LMD and OS.

Results

128 cases of BC-LMD were identified. The proportion of BC-LMD to total BC patients was higher between 2016 and 2020 when compared to 2011–2015. Patients with HR+ or HER2 + BC experienced longer times between CNS metastasis and LMD than patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Systemic therapy and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) was associated with prolonged progression to LMD in all patients. Hormone therapy in patients with HR + BC were associated with a delayed BC-CNS metastasis to LMD progression. Lapatinib treatment was associated with a delayed progression to LMD in patients with HER2 + BC. Patients with TNBC-LMD had shorter OS compared to those with HR + and HER2 + BC-LMD. Systemic therapy, intrathecal (IT) therapy, and WBRT was associated with prolonged survival for all patients. Lapatinib and trastuzumab therapy was associated with improved OS in patients with HER2 + BC-LMD.

Conclusions

Increasing rates of BC-LMD provide treatment challenges and opportunities for clinical trials. Prospective trials testing lapatinib and/or similar tyrosine kinase inhibitors, IT therapies, and combination treatments are urgently needed.
Exploring the dynamic interplay between exosomes and the immune tumor microenvironment: implications for breast cancer progression and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Safaei Sahar , Fadaee Manouchehr , Farzam Omid Rahbar , Yari Amirhossein , Poursaei Elham , Aslan Cynthia , Samemaleki Sahar , Shanehbandi Dariush , Baradaran Behzad , Kazemi Tohid
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer continues to pose a substantial worldwide health concern, demanding a thorough comprehension of the complex interaction between cancerous cells and the immune system. Recent studies have shown the significant function of exosomes in facilitating intercellular communication and their participation in the advancement of cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes have been identified as significant regulators in the context of breast cancer, playing a crucial role in modulating immune cell activity and contributing to the advancement of the illness. This study aims to investigate the many effects of tumor-derived exosomes on immune cells in the setting of breast cancer. Specifically, we will examine their role in influencing immune cell polarization, facilitating immunological evasion, and modifying the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore the nascent domain of exosomes produced from immune cells and their prospective involvement in the prevention of breast cancer. This paper focuses on new research that emphasizes the immunomodulatory characteristics of exosomes produced from immune cells. It also explores the possibility of these exosomes as therapeutic agents or biomarkers for the early identification and prevention of breast cancer. The exploration of the reciprocal connections between exosomes formed from tumors and immune cells, together with the rising significance of exosomes derived from immune cells, presents a potential avenue for the advancement of novel approaches in the field of breast cancer therapy and prevention.
FixNCut: single-cell genomics through reversible tissue fixation and dissociation
Authors: Jiménez-Gracia Laura , Marchese Domenica , Nieto Juan C. , Caratù Ginevra , Melón-Ardanaz Elisa , Gudiño Victoria , Roth Sara , Wise Kellie , Ryan Natalie K. , Jensen Kirk B. , Hernando-Momblona Xavier , Bernardes Joana P. , Tran Florian , Sievers Laura Katharina , Schreiber Stefan , van den Berge Maarten , Kole Tessa , van der Velde Petra L. , Nawijn Martijn C. , Rosenstiel Philip , Batlle Eduard , Butler Lisa M. , Parish Ian A. , Plummer Jasmine , Gut Ivo , Salas Azucena , Heyn Holger , Martelotto Luciano G.
Published: March 2024

The use of single-cell technologies for clinical applications requires disconnecting sampling from downstream processing steps. Early sample preservation can further increase robustness and reproducibility by avoiding artifacts introduced during specimen handling. We present FixNCut, a methodology for the reversible fixation of tissue followed by dissociation that overcomes current limitations. We applied FixNCut to human and mouse tissues to demonstrate the preservation of RNA integrity, sequencing library complexity, and cellular composition, while diminishing stress-related artifacts. Besides single-cell RNA sequencing, FixNCut is compatible with multiple single-cell and spatial technologies, making it a versatile tool for robust and flexible study designs.
Hyperspectral estimation method for deterioration of rock carvings in the humid regions of southern China
Authors: Chen Chiwei , Yang Haiqing , Li Xingyue , Zhao Gang , Ni Jianghua
Published: March 2024

Deterioration development is a recognized worldwide threat to rock carvings, especially in humid regions of southern China. Cultural heritage managers thus require precise identification of different deterioration patterns and conduct comprehensive assessments. However, the quantitative analysis of deterioration patterns is limited due to the severe impact of temperature and humidity on rock carvings. Additionally, the current research on the different deterioration patterns is independent, and the corresponding systematic framework is vague. Based on this, the hyperspectral response is constructed to evaluate the various deterioration patterns using spectral index and intelligent model. Firstly, the remarkable correlation between the feldspar content and the deterioration patterns of rock carvings with the influence of environmental factors is investigated by mineralogical analysis. Secondly, combined with microscopic and mineralogical characteristics, the extracted deterioration characteristics are qualitatively screened. Then, a novel spectral index characterizing the correlation between image grayscale and spectral reflectance is proposed by introducing dynamic correction, and the optimal wavelength combination is applied to identify the distribution of deterioration patterns. Consequently, the quantitative screening of deterioration patterns can be realized. After that, the WOA-XGBoost model exhibits better performance in the classification of deterioration patterns. Finally, the influence of different deterioration patterns on rock carvings is quantified by integrating the deterioration index reflected by chemical composition and the proportion of deterioration pattern distribution identified by the spectral response. In the regional deterioration assessment of Dazu Rock Carvings, biological colonization and surface morphological changes have the highest proportion and degree of deterioration, which is worthy of attention in the protection of rock carvings in this region.
Combined metagenomics and metabolomic analysis of microbial community structure and metabolic function in continuous soybean cropping soils of Songnen Plain, China
Authors: Xu Letian , Jin Shun , Su Yue , Lyu Xiaochen , Yan Shuangshuang , Wang Chang , Cao Liang , Yan Chao , Ma Chunmei
Published: March 2024

Continuous cropping has a negative effect on soybean yield. In this study, a positioning experiment was conducted starting in 2015, with three treatments: maize–soybean rotation (SMR), 2-year maize, 2-year soybean rotation cropping (SC2), and 8-year soybean continuous cropping (SC8). We determined soybean yields (2015–2022) and analyzed soil microbial communities, functions, and metabolites composition in the 0–20 cm tillage layer using metagenomics technology and GC–MS technology during soybean flowering in 2022. Results indicated that continuous cropping (SC8) significantly reduced soybean yield compared to crop rotation (SMR) during the experimental period, while SC8 showed higher yield than SC2 in 2022. Compared to SMR, SC8 significantly increased soil N content and significantly decreased pH and TP, AP, and AK content. However, the pH and AK contents of SC8 were significantly higher than those of SC2. LeFSe analysis showed that Friedmanniella, Microlunatus, Nitrososphaera, Rubrobacter, Geodermatophilus, Nitriliruptor were enriched in SC8. Gaiella, Sphaerobacter, Methyloceanibacter were enriched in SC2. Sphingomonas, Cryobacterium, Marmoricola, Haliangium, Arthrobacter, Ramlibacter, Rhizobacter, Pseudolabrys, Methylibium, Variovorax were enriched in SMR. And the relative abundance of Cryobacterium, Marmoricola, Haliangium, Arthrobacter, Ramlibacter, Rhizobacter, Methylibium, Variovorax was significantly positively correlated with yield, while the relative abundance of Gaiella and Sphaerobacter was significantly negatively correlated with yield. SC8 significantly increased the abundance of genes in nitrogen metabolism and significantly decreased the abundance of genes related to phosphorus and potassium metabolism compared with SMR. However, the abundance of genes in potassium metabolism was significantly higher in SC8 than in SC2. Metabolomic analysis showed that compared to SMR, SC8 decreased the abundance of carbohydrates, ketones, and lipid. However, the abundance of carbohydrates, ketones, and lipid was significantly higher in SC8 than in SC2. Mantel test showed that soil pH and AK significantly affected soil microbial community, function, and metabolite composition. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation between soil metabolites and microorganisms, metabolic functions.

Graphical Abstract
Electron microprobe dating of lunar zirconolite
Authors: Park Changkun , Kim Hwayoung
Published: March 2024

Zirconolite is an accessary mineral occurred in the lunar basaltic and granitic rocks and contains relatively high contents of U, Th, and Pb, which is attractive for age dating. However, very few studies have reported the crystallization ages of lunar zirconolites because of the challenge of dating lunar zirconolites due to their fine-grained size and irregular shape. In this study, we analyzed zirconolites in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 using an electron microprobe. MAN (mean atomic number) background, peak interference, and blank corrections were applied to 31 elements including U, Th, and Pb, and REEs, to obtain high-precision and high-accuracy chemical data of the zirconolites. The electron microprobe age of the zirconolites is determined to be 4332 ± 14 Ma (2σ, n = 20), which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma; 2σ) of zircon grains from the same clast measured by an ion microprobe. The precision and accuracy achieved in this study represents a notable advance compared to previously reported electron microprobe ages of lunar zirconolites. This suggests that electron microprobe dating may be applicable to extraterrestrial materials, especially for microscopic U-Th-Pb-containing minerals in the samples returned from the Moon and Mars.
Highly sensitive plasmonic paper substrate fabricated via amphiphilic polymer self-assembly in microdroplet for detection of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants
Authors: Sharipov Mirkomil , Kakhkhorov Sarvar A. , Tawfik Salah M. , Azizov Shavkatjon , Liu Hong-Guo , Shin Joong Ho , Lee Yong-Ill
Published: March 2024

We report an innovative and facile approach to fabricating an ultrasensitive plasmonic paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The approach exploits the self-assembling capability of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymers to form a thin film at the air-liquid interface within the single microdroplet scale for the first time and the subsequent in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The concentration of the block copolymer was found to play an essential role in stabilizing the droplets during the mass transfer phase and formation of silver nanoparticles, thus influencing the SERS signals. SEM analysis of the morphology of the plasmonic paper substrates revealed the formation of spherical AgNPs evenly distributed across the surface of the formed copolymer film with a size distribution of 47.5 nm. The resultant enhancement factor was calculated to be 1.2 × 107, and the detection limit of rhodamine 6G was as low as 48.9 pM. The nanohybridized plasmonic paper was successfully applied to detect two emerging pollutants—sildenafil and flibanserin—with LODs as low as 1.48 nM and 3.45 nM, respectively. Thus, this study offers new prospects for designing an affordable and readily available, yet highly sensitive, paper-based SERS substrate with the potential for development as a lab-on-a-chip device.
Semi-customized three-dimensional ultra-fine titanium meshes in guided bone regeneration for implant therapy in severe alveolar bone defect: a case report
Authors: Park Dae-Ho , Jun Jong-Hun , Yun Seo-Hyoung , Choi Baek-Sun , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Tallarico Marco , Hwang Kyung-Gyun , Park Chang-Joo
Published: March 2024

This case report provides a detailed description of a simple and fast bone regeneration procedure using a semi-customized three-dimensional ultra-fine titanium mesh. A 50-year-old male with a severe vertical and horizontal bone defect in the anterior mandible underwent implant treatment in a staged approach. The autologous bone was combined with a xenograft, and the mixture was grafted to augment the bone defect and covered with semi-customized ultra-fine titanium meshes, which were selected among its various types according to size and configuration of the bone defect, directly connected and immobilized on the tenting screws with minimal shaping. In a postoperative 6 months re-entry surgery, the performed titanium meshes were removed, implants were placed, and a bone core biopsy was obtained that demonstrated satisfactory new bone formation. Finally, two months later, the definitive prosthesis was installed. This semi-customized ultra-fine titanium mesh could help an implant clinician obtain more predictable results in the guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Duodenal duplication cyst at the second part of the duodenum with congenital duodenal position anomaly completely resected by laparoscopic partial duodenectomy: a case report
Authors: Nakagawa Yoichi , Uchida Hiroo , Makita Satoshi , Tainaka Takahisa , Hinoki Akinari , Shirota Chiyoe , Sumida Wataru , Amano Hizuru , Yasui Akihiro , Kano Yoko , Maeda Takuya , Kato Daiki , Gohda Yousuke
Published: March 2024

Background

Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC) are rare duplications of the alimentary tract. Their treatment depends on their size and location. A radical treatment is total resection, if possible. However, partial excision, puncture, and marsupialization can be selected to prevent surgical injury to the pancreaticobiliary tract despite the risk of recurrence. There are some reports of pancreaticoduodenectomy for DDC because of the risk of recurrent symptoms and malignancy. However, this is considered excessively invasive for DDC, particularly in pediatric cases, because of its extremely low rate of malignancy and high morbidity and mortality rates. We encountered a case of DDC with a congenital duodenal position anomaly occurring in the second part of the duodenum. Taking advantage of the congenital duodenal position anomaly, the DDC was completely resected without injuring the pancreaticobiliary duct.

Case presentation

A 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with a duodenal duplication cyst with obstruction. There was a congenital duodenal position anomaly. The distal second part of the duodenum was the dorsal side of the proximal second part of the duodenum and ascended upward from the proximal second part of the duodenum. The third and fourth parts of the duodenum ran downward to the left and posterior parts of the portal vein, forming the ligament of Treitz. Complete laparoscopic resection of the duodenal duplication cyst and the second to fourth parts of the duodenum, and duodenojejunostomy with retrocolic reconstruction was performed because the duodenum was easily mobilized to the ligament of Treitz owing to the duodenal position anomaly. The duodenojejunostomy with retrocolic reconstruction achieved a more physiologically normal appearance compared to what would have been achieved with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12 without any complications.

Conclusions

The procedure used in this case might not be easily applied in all laparoscopy cases. However, it could be an option for duodenal duplication cysts with congenital duodenal position anomalies.
Relationship between fintech by Google search and bank stock return: a case study of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Tien Phat , Pavelkova Drahomira , Popesko Boris , Hoang Sinh Duc , Huynh Hoc Thai
Published: March 2024

Due to the ongoing global debate regarding the relationship between fintech and banks, including developing countries, this study aims to investigate this relationship in the case of Vietnam, an emerging nation. The study analyzes the relationship between fintech search and bank stock returns, which are measures of fintech and banks, respectively. The time series data for fintech and bank stock returns were obtained from Google Trends and Vietstock, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to derive the fintech variables, while the bank stock return variable was calculated using a basket of eight listed banks from 2017w46 to 2021w46. The results were estimated using the vector autoregression and Granger causality method and validated with the copula method. A key finding of this study is the presence of a simultaneous negative change and bidirectional causality between bank stock returns and fintech lending. Furthermore, several other interesting findings were discovered: (1) the causal relationship from fintech to bank stock returns is weaker compared with the opposite direction; (2) unidirectional causality exists between different types of fintech, such as influence from FinFintech to FinLending, from FinPayment to FinLending and FinWallet, from FinMoney to FinFintech, from FinWallet to FinLending, and from FinProduct to FinFintech; and (3) there is an equal occurrence of simultaneous increase or decrease between bank stock returns and certain types of fintech, specifically between BankReturn and FinPayment, BankReturn and FinLending, as well as BankReturn and FinWallet. These findings shed light on the complex relationship between fintech and banks, offering insights that contribute to our understanding of this dynamic interplay in the context of Vietnam’s emerging fintech landscape.
Multi-country case study on school health policy and its implementation in relation to COVID-19 control in Micronesia Small Islands Developing States
Authors: Shibuya Fumiko , Hattori-Uchima Margaret , Dacanay Paul , Peter Florence , Ngirmang Tarmau Terry , Dacanay Rudelyn , Takeuchi Rie , de los Reyes Calvin , Kobayashi Jun
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures and rises in mental illness and non-communicable disease among school children worldwide. The Pacific Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were also affected, but school health activities, which can effectively reduce negative effects of COVID-19, were not widely implemented compared to other Asia-Pacific countries. This study examined current school health implementation and related policies at national, local, and school levels in the Micronesia SIDS according to phases of COVID-19 control.

Methods

Multi-country case study targeted the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Republic of Palau (ROP). These studies focused on school health implementation periods according to the PPR (Prevention, Preparedness, and Response) concept: Phase #1: prevention/preparedness, #2: early phase response, and #3: chronic phase response/recovery phase. Data were collected through policy document reviews that identified school health policies related to COVID-19 controls in the three phases and key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 key informants (FSM, n = 14; RMI, n = 18; ROP, n = 12) whose work related to school health. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis methods according to the conceptual framework in this study.

Results

This study identified three factors of school health implementation related to COVID-19 controls: promotion of decentralized education (FSM), implementation of COVID-19 controls in the school community (RMI), and disaster management for the protection of students including response to infectious disease (ROP). In Phase #1, no country had established a school health policy. In Phase #2, three enablers were identified in FSM and ROP, as reflected in COVID-19 controls by the education and health sectors. In Phase #3, RMI implemented COVID-19 controls in the school community. Documents on youth policy and disaster management in ROP were updated to reflect the chronic phase response and response to future public health crises.

Conclusions

A decentralized education was instrumental in immediately implementing COVID-19 control measures in schools at national and local levels for coordination between education and health sectors. Despite each county’s multi-sectoral approach to engage COVID-19 controls in schools, local government organization requires strengthening and implementation of the formulated school health policy. In preparation for the next public health crisis, school health should be promoted that is integrated into both infection control and disaster management.
Time series of chicken stool metagenomics and egg metabolomics in changing production systems: preliminary insights from a proof-of-concept
Authors: Rosch Michael E. G. , Rehner Jacqueline , Schmartz Georges P. , Manier Sascha K. , Becker Uta , Müller Rolf , Meyer Markus R. , Keller Andreas , Becker Sören L. , Keller Verena
Published: March 2024

Background

Different production systems of livestock animals influence various factors, including the gut microbiota.

Methods

We investigated whether changing the conditions from barns to free-range chicken farming impacts the microbiome over the course of three weeks. We compared the stool microbiota of chicken from industrial barns after introducing them either in community or separately to a free-range environment.

Results

Over the six time points, 12 taxa—mostly lactobacilli—changed significantly. As expected, the former barn chicken cohort carries more resistances to common antibiotics. These, however, remained positive over the observed period. At the end of the study, we collected eggs and compared metabolomic profiles of the egg white and yolk to profiles of eggs from commercial suppliers. Here, we observed significant differences between commercial and fresh collected eggs as well as differences between the former barn chicken and free-range chicken.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that the gut microbiota can undergo alterations over time in response to changes in production systems. These changes subsequently exert an influence on the metabolites found in the eggs. The preliminary results of our proof-of-concept study motivate larger scale observations with more individual chicken and longer observation periods.
The prediction value of lipiodol retention pattern on post-TACE CT scan for local progression of HCC after complete response
Authors: Grace Marie Nader , Mahmoud Bahaa Eldin , Abdel-Latif Asmaa Mohamed Hussein , Elkholy Shaima Fattouh , Saleh Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: March 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is classified as the sixth commonest cancer over the world and the fourth common in Egypt, representing the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered as one of the most effective treatment option for intermediate stage HCC. Lesions showing complete response (CR) after TACE can be classified according to their lipiodol retention pattern into complete (C-Lip, covering the entire tumor volume) or incomplete (I-Lip). The purpose of this study was to assess the prediction value of post-TACE lipiodol retention pattern on the local disease progression after complete response and thus to decide which patient should be carefully observed and considered to be incompletely treated.

Results

The study included 45 HCC lesions treated with TACE and showed complete response in the first follow-up CT performed 4–6 weeks after the procedure; 23 cases showed incomplete lipiodol retention pattern and 22 with complete lipiodol retention pattern which was carefully assessed on non-contrast CT images done 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. Follow-up CT was then performed every 3 months for at least 12 months or until local progression occurred. On the follow-up CT studies, 20 out of the 45 lesions showed persistent complete response (i.e., no local progression), while 25 of them showed local progression. Among the 25 cases with disease progression upon correlation with their lipiodol retention pattern, it was found that local progression occurred in 31.8% of tumors showed CR with complete lipiodol retention, as opposed to 78.2% of tumors showed CR with incomplete lipiodol retention with significant statistical difference and p value 0.010.

Conclusions

Lipiodol retention pattern of HCC after TACE can predict the potential tumor local outcome. Lesions with incomplete lipiodol retention are at a higher risk of local tumor progression and therefore should probably observed and can be retreated; on the other hand, tumors with complete lipiodol retention have a much lower risk of local disease tumor progression.
Antiproliferative effect of Saraca asoca methanol bark extract on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: Pareeth Chennattu M. , Hussan K. P. Safna , Anu Davis , Meera Nair , Mathew Deepu , Valsalan Ravishankar , Thayyil Mohamed Shahin , Thara Kannoor M. , Raghavamenon Achuthan C. , Babu Thekkekara D.
Published: March 2024

Background

Saraca asoca (Asoka) is reported to possess phytoestrogenic components with anticancer properties. The phytoestrogens are recognized as natural agonists for ERβ, which acts as an antagonist to ERα. Despite the absence of ERα, studies have identified ERβ in 50–80% of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Thus, the present study is intended to reveal the role of phytoestrogens of Asoka on TNBC. The cytotoxic effect of Asoka methanol bark extract was analyzed on different breast cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Estrogen-screen assay was employed to determine the proliferative/antiproliferative effect. Identification of phytoestrogens in Asoka was accomplished using LC-MS analysis and in silico docking studies were performed to investigate possible interactions of phytoestrogens with ERα and β.

Results

The extract of Asoka was found to be cytotoxic against TNBC cell line, MDAMB-231 with IC50 of 70.22 ± 1.89 μg/mL and towards HER+ breast cancer cell line, SKBR3 with IC50 of 98.41 ± 2.31 μg/mL, respectively. Whereas the extract did not show any cytotoxicity towards ERα cell line, MCF-7 even up to the concentration 300 μg/mL. Estrogen-screen assay emphasized an estrogenic effect of the extract on MCF-7 and an anti-estrogenic/antiproliferative effect on MDAMB-231 cells. LC–MS analysis identified phytoestrogens such as β-sitosterol, quercetin, kaempferol and others. The docking results revealed good binding efficacy of phytoestrogens with ERβ than ERα and quercetin shows more affinity with the highest docking score of − 9.220. Strikingly, it was found that the S. asoca methanol extract was preferentially cytotoxic to TNBC cells.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates selective anticancer properties of S. asoca methanol extract on TNBC, which indicates a selective impact on ER subtypes. The identification of phytoestrogens, such as β-sitosterol, quercetin and kaempferol, in the Asoka methanol bark extract provides a molecular basis for its observed effects. In silico studies further support the view that these phytoestrogens may preferentially interact with ERβ rather than ERα. Quercetin, in particular, demonstrated the highest binding efficacy with ERβ, suggesting its potential role in mediating the anticancer effects observed in TNBC cells. Further research is warranted to explore the full therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens in breast cancer treatment.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of anxiolytic activity of 2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benz[d]imidazole and 2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-methyl)-1H-benz[d]imidazole derivatives
Authors: Mahajan Bhavna Sunil , Kawale Laxman A. , Nade Vandana S. , Unavane Supriya , Sajimon Lida , Kapadnis Prajakta
Published: March 2024

Background

In contemporary society, anxiety has become a widespread disorder leading to compromised well-being and heightened depressive states. Extensive literature reviews indicate the diverse biological effects of benzimidazole and piperazine derivatives, notably their impact on the central nervous system. This study aimed to design, molecularly dock, synthesize, and assess the anxiolytic potential of six derivatives of 2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benz[d]imidazole and 2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-methyl)-1H-benz[d]imidazole.

Results

In the present study, an attempt was made to synthesize benzimidazole derivatives conventionally. The benzimidazole nuclei are condensed with various substituted piperazines to obtain targeted benzimidazole–piperazine hybrids. Their anxiolytic activity is determined using the Elevated Plus Maze test and hole board test in mice. All compounds have shown good docking scores and in vivo anxiolytic activity.

Conclusion

Out of all the derivatives synthesized, compounds 5b, 5c, and 5f exhibited outstanding anxiolytic efficacy in both computational simulations and live subjects. Compound 5b demonstrated a remarkable docking score relative to the ligand, suggesting its potential as a promising candidate warranting further exploration.
The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity
Authors: Lockett Jack , Inder Warrick J , Clifton Vicki L
Published: March 2024

Glucocorticoids exert pleiotropic effects on all tissues to regulate cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Synthetic forms are used therapeutically in a wide range of conditions for their anti-inflammatory benefits, at the cost of dose and duration-dependent side effects. Significant variability occurs between tissues, disease states, and individuals with regard to both the beneficial and deleterious effects. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is the site of action for these hormones and a vast body of work has been conducted understanding its function. Traditionally, it was thought that the anti-inflammatory benefits of glucocorticoids were mediated by transrepression of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, while the adverse metabolic effects resulted from direct transactivation. This canonical understanding of the GR function has been brought into question over the past 2 decades with advances in the resolution of scientific techniques, and the discovery of multiple isoforms of the receptor present in most tissues. Here we review the structure and function of the GR, the nature of the receptor isoforms, and the contribution of the receptor to glucocorticoid sensitivity, or resistance in health and disease.
Influencing Factors for Work Engagement of COVID-19 Response Workers in Public Health Centers: Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model
Authors: Park Songran , Ha Yeongmi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors for work engagement of COVID-19 response workers in public health centers based on the JD-R model. Methods: The participants were 119 civil servants and professionals of 20 public health centers with at least 6 months of work experience and have experience of COVID-19 response tasks in cities, districts and counties. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression using IBM SPSS 27.0. Results: The factors influencing work engagement were age, career development opportunity, and person-job fit. The explanatory power of these variables was 61%.Conclusion: In order to enhance the work engagement of public health center workers in responding to future infectious disease outbreaks, it is necessary to develop various strategies such as assigning job roles that aligned with individual characteristics, providing career growth opportunities even during infectious disease outbreaks, and designing tasks by taking into account age.
Optimistic bias: Concept analysis
Authors: Shin Miseon , Jeong Juae
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of ‘optimistic bias.’ Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using several databases. The databases were searched using the following keywords: optimistic bias, optimism bias, and concept analysis. The literature on optimistic bias was reviewed using the framework of Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis process. Results: Optimistic bias can be defined by the following attributes: 1) underestimation of personal risk, 2) vague confidence, 3) positive future prediction and 4) lack of risk recognition. The antecedents of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) risk perception, 2) self-efficacy, and 3) risk controllability. The consequences of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) reduced anxiety, 2) providing emotional stability, 3) negative consequences for preventive health behavior, 4) lack of attention to risk-related information, and 5) negative consequences for self-protection behavior. Conclusion: The definition and attributes of optimistic bias identified by this study can provide a common understanding of this concept and help to develop a nursing intervention program effective in preventing, protecting, and improving health of subjects in the field of nursing practice.
Urban-Rural Differences in Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Related Factors Among Older Adults: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Kim Bongjeong , Hwang Jinseub , Kim Dohyang , Kang Soo Jin
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Many studies exist on factors associated with depressive symptoms in urban and rural older adults; however, studies using a longitudinal design are scarce. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated risk factors over time between urban and rural areas using a longitudinal sample of Korean older adults. Methods: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2020) of older adult participants ≥65 years without depressive symptoms were analyzed. A generalized estimating equation model was employed for repeated measures analysis. Results: As the time of living in the area increased, the prevalence risk of depressive symptoms in older adults increased in urban areas compared to rural areas in adjusted Model 2. In urban areas, less social contact with neighbors was significantly associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. In rural areas, occasional social contact with children was significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was associated with five components of successful aging with some variations observed based on urban and rural residential areas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that understanding the longitudinal impact of residence on depressive symptoms provides valuable insights into the relationship between urban/rural areas and depressive symptoms. This study highlights the need for nursing intervention efforts aimed at promoting successful aging and increasing social contact with children or neighbors.
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale (DAAS-K)
Authors: Seo Kawoun
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale-Revised (DAAS-R) for Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The survey was conducted from September 1, 2021, to September 30, 2021, through a survey institution for patients diagnosed with diabetes who understood the purpose of the study and voluntarily agreed to participate. A total of 231 individuals with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. After performing forward and backward translations of the original version of the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale-Revised (DAAS-R) into Korean, its constructive validity (confirmatory factor analysis), concurrent validity and reliability were assessed. Concurrent validity was confirmed through the correlation between acceptance and action, quality of life, diabetes self-stigma, and experiential avoidance. Results: Construct validity, measured using confirmatory factor analysis, showed a good fit. The DAAS-K was positively correlated with acceptance and action, quality of life, and negatively correlated with diabetes self-stigma and experiential avoidance. As for internal reliability, the Cronbach’s α of the DAAS-K was .95. Conclusion: The DAAS-K can be applied to assess diabetes acceptance and action in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare the levels of psychological flexibility of patients with diabetes internationally.