bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eccrine spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma
Authors: Gerber J. E. , Descalzi M. E.
Published: April 2006

The homologous nature and morphological similarities between cutaneous and salivary gland tumors have been well documented. This is especially true of the monomorphic adenoma, eccrine spiradenoma and cylindroma. Prior to the first full clinical and pathological description, about twenty‐five years ago, the lesion of eccrine spiradenoma had been given multiple synonyms.

This report is of a patient with an eccrine spiradenoma in the buttock and dermal‐type cylindroma of the parotid gland. This may represent the transformation of pleuripotential basal cells originating in the parotid and eccrine sweat gland.
Elevated phosphorus in psoriatic skin determined by energy dispersive x‐ray micro‐analysis
Authors: Burkhart C. G. , Burnham J. C.
Published: April 2006

Scanning electron‐microscopy in combination with secondary electron imaging and x‐ray energy spetrometry (electron‐probe micro‐analysis) was performed on the stratum corneum of involved and uninvolved, psoriatic skin. The significant, elemental alterations included an increase in phosphorus and calcium in the involved skin regions. A composite, chemical, elemental profile of normal and uninvolved, psoriatic stratum corneum is presented.
Immunopathology of vitiligo vulgaris, Sutton's leukoderma and melanoma‐associated vitiligo in relation to steroid effects
Authors: Takei Mihoko , Mishima Yutaka , Uda Hirotsugu
Published: April 2006

Sera of patients with various types of vitiligo have been found to contain circulating antibodies for the cytoplasmic components of human melanoma cell lines. This incidence is high, especially in generalized vitiligo vulgaris with or without Sutton's phenomenon. There is good correlation between the antibodies and positive micro‐some test, thyroid test. DNA test, as well as the effect of steroid ointment.
Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations of nevic corpuscle
Authors: Sueki H. , Iwai M. , Kato H. , Nishida H.
Published: April 2006

Nevic corpuscle in the pigmented nevus was studied under light microscopy in comparison with Meissner corpuscle of the human sole skin in order to determine its ontogenesis. No nerve fibers within nevic corpuscle but coiled fibers in Meissner corpuscle could be demonstrated by Bodian slain. Presence of S‐100 protein in the pigmented nevus and Meissner corpuscle was observed under light microscopy utilizing peroxidase‐antiperoxidase immunohistochemical staining. S‐IOU protein was more evident in nevic corpuscles than in Types A and B intradermal nevus cells. Meissner corpuscle showed moderate stainability for S‐100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed that the nevic corpuscle was composed of the laminated cells with flattened cytoplasmic processes but lacked peripheral nerve endings such as axons, characteristically shown in Meissner corpuscle. No melanogenic activity of nevic corpuscle was observed. These morphological and histochemical findings of nevic corpuscle did not enable us lo give definite conclusion on its ontogenesis.
Large melanoacanthomas: a report of five cases
Authors: Prince C. , Mehregan A. H. , Hashimoto K. , Plotnick H.
Published: April 2006

Five patients with mclanoacanthonia are reported. The skin lesions consisted of a single, round plaque measuring several centimeters in diameter. Histologic findings were characterized by formation within an acanthotic epidermis, of many islands of small basaloid cells and highly dendritic melanocytes. Electron microscopic examination of one lesion revealed a disturbance of melanin transfer from the highly dendritic melanocytes to the neighboring keratinoeytes.
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma and superficial spreading malignant melanoma: an unusual combination*
Authors: Bhawan J. , Mehregan A. H. , Jung‐Legg Y. , Gellis S. E.
Published: April 2006

We report pigmented lesions in 2 white male patients, which were clinically diagnosed as superficial spreading malignant melanoma and histologically showed combined features of superficial spreading malignant melanoma in situ and pigmented basal cell carcinoma. The significance of this association is not known but is most likely very rare.
Tissue cultures of benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas: SEM observations
Authors: Oku T. , Takigawa M. , Fukamizu H. , Yamada M.
Published: April 2006

Four dermatofibromas (DF), 2dermatofibrosarcomata protuberans(DFSP), 2 atypical fibroxanthmas of the skin (AFX), and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were studied by explant culture technique and scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the cellular atypism, phagocytic activity and motility were observed between histiocyte‐like cells extending from a DF and DFSP group and an AFX and MFH group. Such cytological characteristics was maintained duringin vitrotransformation of the cells into fibroblastic cells. It was concluded that culture behaviors of the cells from each tumor group correlated well within vivogrowth and histologic features. We feel that examination of mvitromorphology of fibrous histiocytomas may prove useful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.
The value of carcinoembryonic antigen in differentiating sclerosing epithelial hamartoma from syringoma
Authors: Landau‐Price D. , Barnhill R. L. , Kowalcyzk A. P. , Penneys N. S. , Ziegelsweissman J.
Published: April 2006

We examined 4 cases of sclerosing epithelial hamartoma for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method but could not detect CEA in these lesions. Because syringomas contain CEA, the detection of this antigen is a useful marker for differentiating sclerosing epithelial hamartomas from syringomas.
Masson's pseudoangiosarcoma of the tongue: report of two cases
Authors: Escasany R.Torne , Umbert Millet P.
Published: April 2006

Two cases of Masson's vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma localized on the tongue are reported. This lesion has sometimes been confused histologically with angiosarcoma but always behaves in a benign fashion.
Cutaneous busulfan effect in patients receiving bone‐marrow transplantation
Authors: Hymes S. R. , Simonton S. C. , Farmer E. R. , Beschorner W. B. , Tutschka P. J. , Santos G. W.
Published: April 2006

Epidermal keratinocytes with abnormally large nuclei were found in 12 of 13 patients who received high‐dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide prior to receiving bone‐marrow transplantation for treatment of hematological malignancies. These cells were similar to those previously described in the lungs, cervix and bladder of patients on long‐term busulfan therapy. Marked keratinoeyte nuclear abnormalities were not observed in bone‐marrow transplant recipients who received a preparatory regimen of cyclophosphumide and total‐body irradiation. This histologic cutaneous busulfan effect was transient and was unrelated to the development of graft ‐versus‐host reaction.
Colloid milium: a final degeneration product of actinic elastoid
Authors: Hashimoto K. , Black M.
Published: April 2006

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is present not only in all types of cutaneous amyloidosis, but also in the normal dermal clastic fibers as well as abnormal elastic‐fibers, such as clastotic degeneration of clastic fibers in actinic keratosis. It was previously postulated that the colloid substance in colloid milium is a final degeneration stage of actinic clastosis. In a lesion of colloid milium SAP was intensely positive with an indirect iinmuiiofluorescence method using rabbit antiserum to human SAP. Electron microscopy of the colloid lesion revealed components of normal elastic fibers as well as those of actinic elastoid as seen in actinic clastosis. It is concluded that the colloid substance derives, at least in major part, from elastic fibers through actinic degeneration.
Subepidermal bullous diseases
Authors: Farmer E. R.
Published: April 2006

An approach to the light microscopic diagnosis of subepidermal bullous diseases is presented. The recent literature is reviewed for current research in these disoreders.
Collagen diseases
Authors: Golitz L. E.
Published: April 2006

Dermatomyositis and variants of lupus erythematosus share histopathologic features which include liquefaction degeneration of the epidermal basal zone, melanin pigment incontinence, and the presence of colloid bodies. The pattern of epidermal changes and dermal inflammation help establish the correct diagnosis. Immuno‐fluorescence microscopy of skin biopsies is useful in confirming the diagnosis.
Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma with cutaneous involvement
Authors: Patterson J. W. , Maygarden S. J.
Published: April 2006

We report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl with extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper back. The patient underwent wide local excision and right axillary node dissection, and received chemotherapy with vineristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis in eight months of follow up. Light and electron microscopic features were typical for this neoplasm. Tumor cells contained abundant glycogen, but failed to stain for desmin, keratin, neuron‐specific enolase, or S‐100 protein. We discuss the differential diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma as well as theories of its histogenesis.
Paget's disease of the ectopic breast with an underlying intraductal carcinoma: report of a case
Authors: Kao G. F. , Graham J. H. , Helwig E. B.
Published: April 2006

Paget's disease may occur at mammary and extramammary sites. Mammary Paget's disease typically involves the nipple and adjacent skin. Almost all such cases arc associated with an underlying ductal carcinoma of the breast. A case of Paget's disease occurring HI the site of an ectopic breast adjacent to a supernumerary nipple and associated with an underlying intraductal carcinoma is described. A search of the literature revealed no previous report of such cases. Detailed clinical history and histopathologic, histochemical, and follow‐up information on this case arc presented. The literature on mammary and extramammary Paget's disease is reviewed.
Marfan syndrome: demonstration of abnormal elastic fibers in skin
Authors: Tsuji T.
Published: April 2006

The back skin of a 15‐year‐old girl with Marfan syndrome has been investigated using scanning (SKM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The SEM showed that admixed with normal‐looking portions, there were abnormal portions of the elastic fibers which were composed of many unusual fine fibers (5‐22 nm in diameter), and had a cobweb‐like appearance. The TEM showed that these fine fibers were substructures of the amorphous material and were surrounded by micro‐fibrils. It is suggested that the fine fibers could be abnormal elastic fibers resulting from the incomplete fusion of the elastic units.
Cell surface carbohydrates in proliferative epidermal lesions.
Authors: Schaumburg‐Lever G. , Alroy J. , Ucci A. , Lever W. F.
Published: April 2006

Seventy‐six skin biopsies of proliferative lesions were studied by using 4 different lectins and an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex. In solar keratosis. Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma, malignant‐appearing keratinocytes exhibited loss of membrane staining with Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A), but revealed cytoplasmic staining. When incubated with peanut agglutinin (I'NA), the malignant keralinocyles did not stain. However, the PNA binding sites were not absent, but masked by sialic acid. Following cleavage of the sialic acid with neuraminidase, tree PNA binding sites could be demonstrated in the plasma membranes. In contrast, the keratinocytes in keratoacanthomas showed membrane staining with Con A and also contained free PNA binding sites. These histochemical findings confirm and extend our earlier observations regarding cell surface carbohydrates in premalignant and malignant epidermal lesions.
Concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin binding patterns in normal and neoplastic sebaceous epithelium
Authors: Von Kuster L. C. , Liwnicz B. H. , Ward D. E.
Published: April 2006

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of normal skin, sebaceous hyperplasia, nevus sebaceus, sebaceous adenoma, and sebaceous carcinoma were studied by means of biotinylated and FITC conjugated concanavalin A (Con A) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA). At relatively high concentrations of these lectins, all cutaneous epithelial cells were stained. As the concentration of LCA was lowered, there was a corresponding decrease in the intensity of staining of all epithelial cells. With lowered concentrations of Con A, staining of sebaceous epithelium remained strongly positive, while staining of other epithelia decreased in a manner similar to that seen for LCA. These staining patterns were seen in normal and neoplastic tissues. Both Con A and LCA are known to bind to α‐D‐mannopyranosyl and α‐D‐glucopyranosyl residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The difference in staining of sebaceous epithelial cells by Con A and LCA suggests that the binding of these lectins is not determined strictly by the presence of α‐D‐mannopyranosyl or α‐D‐glucopyranosyl residues, but is modified by side‐chain substitution on the monosaccharides and/or by the oligosaccharide which contains the particular monosaccharide. Whichever event is operative, a saccharide moiety is present on the surface of mature sebaceous cells which has a strong affinity for Con A.
Occurrence of basement membranes in pigment cell tumors of the skin, relation to cell type and clinical behavior
Authors: Stenbäck F. , Wasknius V‐M.
Published: April 2006

The occurrence, location and intensity of the basement membrane (BM) components collagen IV and laminin in benign and malignant pigment cell tumors was studied by immimohistochemical methods. The results seemed to establish the following findings: junctional nevi display varying continuity of BM; nevus cells in the dermis display more continuous and thicker 13M superficially (associated with epithelial type nevus cells); superficial spreading melanoma displays discontinuity of BM, and nodular melanoma and metastatic melanoma display variable BM around tumor aggregates. The variable expression of BM components in this study showed an apparent relationship to tumor cell type and laminin and collagen IV production, partly related to clinical behaviour.
Electron microscopic studies of Moll's gland cyst
Authors: Hashimoto K. , Zagula‐Mally Z. W. , Youngberg G. , Leicht S.
Published: April 2006

Several Moll's gland cysts from 4 different patients were studied with the light and electron microscopes. The cysts were lined with a combination of several different epithelia, such as completely keralinized epithelium, glycogen‐rich, stratified squamous epithelium with incompletely keratinized luminal cells, sweat duct epithelium, and secretory cells. In one case in addition to the above components, secretory‐type wall cells contained very large lamellar inclusions which were PAS positive and diastase resistant. It was concluded that Moll's gland cyst is composed of dilated duct of the Moll's gland and secretory segment; the proportion of each segment is variable but the portion showing ductal differentiation is usually predominant and typical secretory epithelium is not always seen.
Histologic characteristics of vulvar nevocellular nevi
Authors: Christensen W. N. , Friedman K. J. , Woodruff J. D. , Hood A. F.
Published: April 2006

Reports in the literature stress the premalignant potential of vulvar melanocytic lesions and the unusual histologic features associated with some vulvar nevi in premenopausal women. We examined biopsies of 85 pigmented vulvar lesions taken from women 13 to 73 years of age. There were 59 nevocellular nevi, 16 lentigines, 4 melanomas, and 6 miscellaneous lesions. The nevocellular nevi were compared to a control series of 200 nevi from the torsos of women 20 to 60 years old. Three vulvar nevi were considered to be unusual, but not dysplastic. These histologically unusual nevi occurred in women 20 to 30 years old. The lesions exhibited notable enlargement of junctional melanocytic nests with variability in the size, shape and position of the nests. Similar changes were not observed in the control group. There was a significant association (p< 0.05) between the occurrence of these unusual lesions and their presentation on the vulva; however, these lesions showed no predilection for any particular site on the vulva. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of vulvar dysplastic nevi when compared with the control series.
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus
Authors: Driban N. E. , Cavicchia J. C.
Published: April 2006

Comedo‐like lesions of the palm, present since birth, are studied elcctronmicroscopically and their eccrine nature demonstrated. We suggest their inclusion under the name porokeratotic eccrine‐ostial and dermal duct nevus previously proposed by Abell and Read.
HSV‐2 replication sites, monocyte and lymphocytic cell infection and virion phagocytosis by neutrophils, in vesicular lesions on penile skin
Authors: Boddingius J. , Dijkman H. , Hendriksen E. , Schift R. , Stolz E.
Published: April 2006

From a heterosexual male with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV‐2) infection, a fresh intraepidermal vesicle on the penile skin was excised by punch biopsy, fixed and processed for electron microscopy. Differing locations and appearances of capsids and virions were studied to elucidate true host or destroyer cells. HSV‐2 propagation and virion formation occurred predominantly in multi‐ or mononucleate spinosum cells situated at the base of the vesicle. However, some of the monocytes, young histiocytes and lymphocytic cells floating in the vesicle fluid were also involved. They harbored a small number of intranuclear capsids, designating the cells as viral (capsid) carriers. Infrequently encountered free virions in the vesicle fluid were invariably seen near neutrophils. All neutrophil granulocytes examined lacked intranuclear capsids. In contrast, distinct evidence of phagocytosis of virions and some capsids by neutrophils was found in the vesicle fluid near apical portions of spinosum cells packed with virions, or in neutrophils located between virion‐loaded spinosum cells in the base lining of the vesicle. In the cytoplasm of neutrophils, single and lysosomc‐enclosed clusters of virions were noted. Myelin figures and vacuolation of lysosomes in free‐floating neutrophils were suggestive of virion distintegration.

Viral propagation and abundant virion formation, beside neutrophil and lymphocyte attack, eventually lead to spinosum cell destruction. The minimal cytopathic effects (CPE) observed in involved monocytes and lymphocytic cells floating in the vesicle fluid suggest that these cells might function as vehicles for HSV‐2 (capsid) transport to the exterior or interior.
Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation
Authors: Friedman K. J. , Boudreau S. , Farmer E. R.
Published: April 2006

Five cases of superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation (SESD) are reported. They occurred as solitary papules on the face of 5 patients, aged 57 to 72. The tumor is characterized by a superficial platelike proliferation of basaloid to squamoid cells with broad attachments to the overlying epidermis. Clusters of mature sebaceous cells are present within the tumors. None of the tumors have recurred or spread following simple excision. SESD is a non‐aggressive tumor of uncertain histogenesis with a tendency toward sebaceous differentiation.
Two cases of clear cell acanthoma: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Hashimoto T. , Inamoto N. , Nakamura K.
Published: April 2006

Two cases of clear cell acanthoma are reported. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), involucrin and keratin proteins in the tumors was investigated immunohistochemically. In 1981, Penneys et al. reported that this tumor was not of sweat gland origin because of the absence of CEA. This study confirmed this, furthor, the pattern of positive reaction of involucrin also indicated that this tumor is not of swcat duct origin.
Carcinosarcoma of the skin
Authors: Tschen J. A. , Goldberg L. H. , McGavran M. H.
Published: April 2006

A 91‐year‐old patient with an extraskeletal osteosarcoma (characterized by atypical mesenchymal cells with ossification) of the forehead associated with a basal cell carcinoma is reported. Both osteoid and basal cell carcinoma nests were found embedded in a stroma containing markedly atypical cells. The 2 previously reported carcinosarcomas of the skin are reviewed.
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus
Authors: Moreno A. , Pujol R. M. , Salvatella N. , Alomar A. , de Moragas J. M.
Published: April 2006

We report 2 cases of congenital porokeratotic eccrine nevus in a 5‐year‐old girl and a 7‐year‐old boy. The clinical manifestations were those of nevus comedonicus palmaris. The histologic picture consisted of comedo‐like dilatations and cornoid lamellae involving the eccrine ostia and ducts. One of the cases showed anomalies in the dermal eccrine ducts. We believe that these lesions are eccrine hamartomas unrelated to porokeratosis. We review similar cases from the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the skin excluding mycosis fungoides and cutaneous involvement of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma*
Authors: Mukai K. , Sato Y. , Watanabe S. , Ishihara K. , Shimoyama M. , Shimosato Y.
Published: April 2006

Forty‐nine cases of cutaneous malignant lymphoma were reviewed in order to analyze the clinicopathological features of these neoplasms. Excluding 13 cases of mycosis fungoides and 4 cases of cutaneous involvement of proven adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia, the remaining 32 cases were further classified according to their pathological and clinical features. There were 12 primary cutaneous lymphomas, 15 cases of secondary cutaneous involvement of systemic lymphoma, and 5 cases of concurrent skin and lymph node involvement. Histologically, large cell lymphoma predominated in both primary and secondary cutaneous lymphomas. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies reactive with B‐ and T‐cells in paraffin sections revealed the cellular lineage in 30 cases. Nineteen cases were of T‐cell origin and 11 cases were of B‐cell derivation. The prognosis of these patients was rather poor; 25 patients died within 5 years. The predominance of T‐cell lymphoma contrasts with a higher frequency of cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma in Western countries. As the clinicopathological features of cutaneous lymphomas are diverse, it is suggested that cutaneous lymphomas should be classified and studied in a similar way to their nodal counterparts.
Elastic fibers in striae distensae
Authors: Tsuji T. , Sawabe M.
Published: April 2006

Eight cases with striae distensae associated with obesity or prolonged corticosteroid intake were examined by light and scanning electro microscopy. Fine elastic fibers predominated in early lesions, while thick elastic fibers predominated in older lesions. In early lesions the periphery showed thick and tortuous elastic fibers, but in older lesions it was of normal appearance. It is suggested the elastic fibers in striae were newly synthesized and gradually increased and thickened with age.
Hidroacanthoma simplex showing variation in the appearance of tumor cells in different nests
Authors: Nakagawa T. , Inai M. , Yamamoto S. , Takaiwa T.
Published: April 2006

We report a case of hidroacanthoma simplex on the inframammary area of an 86‐year‐old woman. The tumor cells showed considerable variation in appearance in different nests from the same lesion. By light and electron microscopy 5 types of tumor cells were identified. This tumor was thought to originate from the outer cells of the intraepidermal eccrine duct.
Immature trichoepithelioma: report of six cases
Authors: Long S. A. , Hurt M. A. , Santa Cruz D. J.
Published: April 2006

We report 6 cases of an immature variant of trichoepithelioma which histologically appears to show differentiation toward the primitive hair germ. The lesions presented in mature adults (mean age 44 years). Four occurred in men and 2 in women. Four lesions occurred on extremities, an unusual location for trichoepitheliomas. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by well‐circumscribed, but unencapsulated, dermal collections of small tumor lobules composed of basaloid cells with invaginations resembling primitive dermal hair papillae. There was no adenoidal growth pattern or horn cyst formation. The separation of the immature lesions from those of classical trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma can be made if multiple morphological features are considered; no one particular finding is diagnostic. The major differential features between the immature trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma are circumscription, tumor lobule uniformity, occasional immature hair germs, and lack of retraction artifact of the tumor lobules from the stroma. The differential features between the immature and classical trichoepithelioma are less conspicuous. The immature form typically exhibits no horn cysts, displays fewer primitive hair structures, and lacks the adenoidal growth patterns of the tumor lobules which are usually present in the classical trichoepitheliomas.
Analysis of morpheaform basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Richman T. , Penneys N. S.
Published: April 2006

Biopsies of morpheaform basal cell carcinomas (MBCCs) were separated into 2 groups based on histological features: 1) a pure morpheaform group with narrow elongated strands of basaloid cells in a dense fibrous stroma; and 2) a complex morpheaform group with pure morpheaform regions as well as regions with other histological patterns (nodular, etc.). Analysis by sex and body location revealed a female predominance in the pure morpheaform group. Lesions were found primarily on the mid‐face in women with pure MBCCs. Using a monoclonal antibody which identifies eccrine duct in routinely fixed tissues, we could not identify eccrine ductal differentiation in MBCCs.
Giant solitary sebaceous gland hyperplasia clinically simulating epidermoid cyst
Authors: Kudohl K. , Hosokawa M. , Miyazawa T. , Tagami H.
Published: April 2006

We report an unusual case of sebaceous gland hyperplasia manifested clinically as a large solitary intracutaneous nodule, which was at first diagnosed as an epidermoid cyst. Histologically, the nodule consisted of a single large central cavity connected with numerous fully‐matured sebaceous glands. We discuss the unique clinical appearance and its histopathological differential diagnosis including sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous trichofolliculoma, organoid nevus and sebaceous gland hyperplasia.
Erythrophagocytosis in the skin: case report
Authors: Horn T. D. , Hines H. C. , Farmer E. R.
Published: April 2006

A 68‐year‐old male with a myclodysplastic syndrome developed a bulla on his right thigh. A skin biopsy revealed a subepider‐mal cleavage containing fibrin and a mononuclear cell infiltrate exhibiting prominent erylhrophagocytosis. Erythrophagocytosis by mononuclear cells was present, to a lesser extent, throughout the dermis and in the subcutis. Immunoperoxidase studies with anti‐lysozyme and anli‐alpha‐1‐chymotrysin confirmed the histiocytic nature of the phagocytic cells. Only a few prior reports of cutaneous erythrophagocytosis exist in the literature. In contrast to the generally grave clinical manifestations of the patients described in previous publications documenting erythrophagocytosis, this patient lacked a concomitant hematologic deterioration or serious systemic illness.
Immunoglobulin‐producing cells in plasma cell orificial mucositis
Authors: Aiba S. , Tagami H.
Published: April 2006

Plasma cell orificial mucositis is a benign idiopathic condition of orificial mucous membranes characterized histologically by a dense band‐like plasmacytic infiltrate. We studied 8 cases of this disease by immunohistochemical methods for subsets of immunoglobulin‐producing cells. The infiltrating plasma cells were found to produce mostly IgG and IgA with the predominance of kappa chain‐producing cells over lambda chain‐producing cells. This polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate composed of IgG‐ and IgA‐producing cells is in accordance with the pattern observed in the inflammatory infiltrate around certain epidermal neoplasms accompanied by the plasmacytic infiltrate, such as actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
Metastatic breast carcinoma mimicking granular cell tumor
Authors: Franzblau M. J. , Manwaring M. , Plumhof C. , Listrom M. B. , Burgdorf W. H. C.
Published: April 2006

Metastatic breast carcinoma may assume many patterns. We describe a case in which cutaneous, pulmonary and lymph node metastases of an adenocarcinoma of the breast all resembled granular cell tumor. In all sites, the lesion stained positive with antibodies against EMA and cytokeratins, but failed to stain with anti‐S100.
Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma: a lipomatous variant
Authors: Donati P. , Amantea A. , Balus L.
Published: April 2006

The eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare cutaneous lesion histologically characterized by the presence in the intradermal lobules of mature eccrine sweat glands and angiomatous capillary channels. We report a case of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma with unusual lipomatous involvement.
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) arising in seborrheic keratosis: three lesions in two patients
Authors: Monteagudo J. C. , Jorda E. , Terencio C. , Llombart‐Bosch A.
Published: April 2006

Three lesions showing squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) within seborrheic keratosis are reported: 2 were located symmetrically on the legs of one of the patients, with a lesion recurring after surgery. Nests of atypical cells were seen in the transitional zone between the 2 components of the third lesion.
Localized lipodystrophy with panniculitis: light and electron microscopic studies
Authors: Tsuji T. , Kosaka K. , Terao J.
Published: April 2006

A 41‐year‐old woman with localized lipodystrophy histologically showed lymphohistiocytic inflammation within adipose tissue at the periphery and loss of adipose tissue in the center of the lesion. Ultrastructurally, various degrees of lipophagocytosis by macrophages and giant cells were seen, starting with the projection of cytoplasmic processes into the fat droplet and engulfing pieces of the fat droplet which finally were digested. Laboratory investigations revealed a high serum γ‐globulin level and a positive antinuclear antibody, suggestive of a connective tissue disease or autoimmue disease.
Type VII collagen is a component of cylindroma basement membrane zone
Authors: Pfaltz M. , Bruckner‐Tuderman L. , Schnyder U. W.
Published: April 2006

Cylindroma basement membranes (BMs) were studied by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence with antibodies to Types IV and VII collagen in order to correlate the ultrastructure with the biochemical characteristics. Type IV collagen served as a marker for lamina densa structures and Type VII collagen for the anchoring fibrils. Ultrastructurally, the cylindroma BMs were composed of a wide band of BM‐like material in which numerous anchoring fibrils were embedded. The BMs surrounding the tumor cell clusters and nodules of BM‐like material entrapped within the tumor cell islands stained positively for both Types IV and VII collagen. We conclude, that anchoring fibrils are a major component of cylindroma BM zone. A trichoepithelioma investigated as control showed a BM similar to the one found at the dermoepidermal junction, i.e. a BM distinctly different from the one of cylindroma. The trichoepithelioma BMs and nodules of BM‐like material included within the tumor also stained positively for both Type IV and VII collagen.
A simple immunochemical technique for distinguishing melanocytes and melanophages in paraffin‐embedded tissue
Authors: Fleming M. G. , Bergfeld W. F.
Published: April 2006

We describe an immunoperoxidase technique for distinguishing melanocytes and melanophages in paraffin‐embedded tissue. Two primary antibodies were used: anti‐Si00 and HAM‐56, a monoclonal antibody directed against macrophages. In a variety of pigmented lesions, HAM‐56 labelled melanophages while S100 labelled cells of melanocytic lineage.
Immunohistochemical classification of cutaneous pseudolymphomas: delineation of distinct patterns
Authors: Smolle Josef , Torne Ramon , Soyer Hans Peter , Kerl Helmut
Published: April 2006

Because of the broad spectrum of clinical and histological features, cutaneous pseudolymphomas are difficult to classify. To delineate objective criteria for classification, we investigated the immunoarchitecture of 53 cases of pseudolymphomas; 29 were classified as T cell pseudolymphomas. The immunohistologic characteristics were the absence of B cell compartments, the predominance of T helper‐inducer cells and the presence of Langerhans cells/indeterminate cells. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis showed the bandlike (superficial) T cell pattern. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, lymphomatoid papulosis, lymphomatoid drug reactions, and persistent nodules following assaults by arthropods revealed a nodular T cell pattern. Twenty‐four cases represented B cell pseudolymphomas containing a nodular arrangement of B lymphocytes. In 6 lesions, there were B cell aggregates without the association of dendritic reticulum cells (non follicular B cell pattern); in 18, the B cell clusters were associated with dendritic reticulum cells and a typical expression of IgM and IgD, thus forming fully developed germinal centers (follicular B cell pattern). The B cell clusters were always surrounded by distinct T zones. B cell patterns were present in lymphadenosis benigna cutis, large cell lymphocytoma and occasionally, in persistent nodules, following assaults by arthropods.
Pericapillary fibrin cuff: a histological sign of venous leg ulceration
Authors: Vanscheidt W. , Laaff H. , Wokalek H. , Niedner R. , Schöpf E.
Published: April 2006

The incidence of pericapillary fibrin cuffs was investigated in 49 biopsies of venous leg ulcers and 67 biopsies of leg ulcers of non‐venous etiology. Pericapillary fibrin cuffs were seen in 28 biopsies (57.1%) of venous leg ulcers, but only in 11 biopsies (16.4%) of non‐venous leg ulcers. In the venous leg ulcers pericapillary fibrin cuffs occurred predominantly near the ulcer surface and around dilated capillaries. Dilation of the capillaries and inflammation probably contribute more to the pathogenesis of pericapillary fibrin cuffs than venous hypertension.
Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst
Authors: Bhawan J. , Dayal Y. , Gonzalez‐Serva A. , Eisen R.
Published: April 2006

Metaplastic synovial cyst, a recently described entity, is histologically characterized by a cystic cavity lined by metaplastic synovial tissue that is often hyperplastic and protrudes into its lumen as villous structures. Clinically, these lesions resemble suture granuloma and develop at the site of previous surgical trauma. We have studied 4 cases of this unusual entity and have investigated the immunohistochemical profile in an effort to determine the nature and derivation of their lining tissue. One of our cases is unique since the lesion was associated with a basal cell carcinoma. A history of previous surgery was noted in one, and history of trauma in 0 of the 4 cases. Our immunohistochemical observations confirmed a mesenchymal derivation for the „synovial like villous structures” but non‐availability of a specific „synovial” marker does not permit us to conclude with certainty the synovial nature of the metaplastic tissue. Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cysts are unique lesions which deserve attention and should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous cysts.
Inverse correlation between CD34 expression and proline‐4‐hydroxyase immunoreactivity on spindle cells noted in hypertrophic scars and keloids
Authors: Alba Setsuya , Tagami Hachiro
Published: April 2006

The CD34 positive (CD34+) spindle cells constitute a special population of spindle cells which show a unique distribution in the skin. So far, however, the functional role of CD34+ spindle cells and the regulation of CD34 expression on dermal spindle cells are totally unknown. We examined immunohistologically the pattern of the expression of CD34 and proline‐4‐hydroxylase, a marker for the fibroblasts that participate in active collagen synthesis, on dermal spindle cells at various stages of scar and keloidal tissues.

Dermal spindle cells in the lesions of hypertrophic scar and those at inflammatory expanding borders of keloids totally lost CD34 expression, but they strongly expressed proline‐4‐hydroxylase. On the other hand, they expressed CD34, together with decreased immunoreactivity to anti‐proline‐4‐hydroxylase antibody, in non‐inflammatory scars or in a non‐inflammatory central portion of keloid. In two cases of scars, in which inflammation began to subside, double immunofluorescence demonstrated that both CD 34 and proline‐4‐hydroxylase were expressed on the same spindle cells.

CD34 expression, once disappeared from the lesions of hypertrophic scar or keloid, seems to return on CD34–proline‐4‐hydroxylase+ cells, when the initial inflammatory changes begin to regress. There is a reverse correlation between CD34 expression on spindle cells and the synthesis of type I collagen in the skin.
The application of stereological methods for studying the effects of differing fixative osmolalities on the intercellular space of oral epithelium I. Normal epithelium
Authors: Squier C. A. , Waterhouse J. P. , Kraucunas Eugenia
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Mucosa from the anterior palate of the rat was fixed in a variety of commonly used fixatives for electron microscopy having different osmolalities and chemical compositions. The volume of the intercellular space of the epithelium was assessed using a stereological technique in which a test grid was superimposed over electron micrographs of sections through the epithelium, and the relative areas of that test grid overlying cellular and intercellular components were measured. Epithelium fixed in solutions isotonic with mammalian serum showed an intercellular space occupying approximately 4% of the total tissue volume. There was a tendency for the intercellular space to increase with increasing osmolality of the fixative, although this relationship was not a simple one; the chemical nature of the fixative solution may also influence the response.
Thymidine uptake and cell migration in cheek epithelium of zinc‐deficient rats
Authors: Alvares O. F. , Meyer J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Male weanling rats were fed a diet containing 1.3 mg zinc/kg diet and controls the same diet supplemented by 40 mg /zinc/kg diet. The rates of cell division and upward migration in the cheek epithelium were obtained from counts of labelled cells in animals sacrificed one hour and three days following intraperitoneal injection of 1 μCi tritiated thymidine/g body weight. A 3.4‐fold increase over the number of labelled cells in controls was observed one hour after thymidine administration and a 2.7‐fold increase three days later. Ratios of labelled cells at three days and one hour were 4.96 in controls and 3.99 in experimental animals. The percentage distribution of labelled cells in successive subdivisions of epithelium was identical in both groups. The number of labelled cells near the junction of granular and keratin layers was 2.9‐fold greater in the experimental animals.

It is suggested that the zinc‐deficient cheek epithelium of the rat might be a useful model for the study of pathological conditions associated with increased rates of cell proliferation.
A histological study of dentin formation in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
Authors: Godfrey J. L.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The developing deciduous teeth in three cases of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita were studied with routine histological stains, electron microscopy, and a silver impregnation method for nerves. The odontoblasts differentiated normally and assumed a columnar form and regular arrangement while pre‐dentin was forming, but after tooth formation was initiated normal development deteriorated. With the onset of mineralization, the odontoblasts changed to polyhedral cells with no definite orientation. The structure of the dentin was the same in all teeth and consisted of coarse fibrous circumpulpal dentin covered by a normal tubular mantle layer 20μm thick.

Electron microscopy revealed that collagen fibers were evenly distributed in early pre‐dentin but later were grouped together in large bundles which entered hillocks of dentin matrix. These large collagen fiber bundles may be von Korff fibers.

Studies of nerves, although not conclusive, indicated abnormal patterns of nerve growth and it is possible that the abnormal connective tissue was responsible for the apparent disorderly arrangement of the nerves. It is also suggested that developing teeth in osteogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta could be used as experimental models to study normal mechanisms of dentinogenesis.
Changes in the fine structure of the dental pulp in human caries pulpitis
Authors: Torneck Calvin D.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Electron microscopic investigation of human pulps manifesting caries pulpitis revealed degenerative changes in myelinated and unmyelinated nerves and blood vessels. The degenerative changes noted in nerves were generally less severe and less frequent than those noted in the blood vessels and surrounding pulp tissue. This was attributed to the presence of an abundance of collagen fibers about the nerve bundles and nerve axons. The degenerative changes in the blood vessels ranged from minor changes in endothelial cell morphology to complete necrosis and lysis. These changes were generally accompanied by alterations in the integrity of the basement membrane. Advanced changes in blood vessels of the pulp appeared to result in an increase in vascular permeability causing edema. It was suggested that some of the degenerative changes noted might be related to the humoral phase of the inflammatory response.
Tissue reactions to two fissure sealant resins
Authors: Rock W. P. , Bailey A. R. , Browne R. M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Specimens of polymerized and unpolymcrizeci Nuva‐Seal® and Alpha‐Seal® were implanted subcutaneously on polythene rods. Polymerized specimens caused only slightly greater reaction than controls over intervals of from 2 days to 1 year. Unpolymerized specimens caused necrosis, marked inflammatory cell infiltration and granulation tissue formation for up to 1 week but were similar to the controls at 1 year. No reaction to unpolymerized resin painted on the oral mucosa was observed.
Defense mechanisms in the mouth and their possible role in the prevention of dental caries: A review
Authors: Bowen William H.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The mouth harbors organisms in great abundance; yet their variety is limits and it is noteworthy that some species present in the mouth are not found elsewhere. There are many antibacterial substances in the mouth, some of which may contribute to the control of the microbial flora in the mouth. The activity of some is enhanced in the presence of specific antibody, e.g. lactoferrin, although others appear unaffected, e.g. lacto‐peroxidase. Opinions differ as to whether the level of immunoglobulins in human saliva can be related to caries. Although it has been established in principle that caries can be prevented in animals by means of vaccination, substantial work remains to be done before a vaccine will be available for testing in humans.
Serum inhibition of gingival collagenase
Authors: Birkedal‐Hansen Henning , Cobb Charles M. , Taylor Robert E. , Fullmer Harold M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Collagenases derived from bovine and human gingiva are inhibited effectively by serum. In bovine and human serum fractionated by gel chromatography, α2‐macroglobulin is the only significant inhibitor of gingival collagenase. α1‐Antitrypsin inhibited collagenase only in very high concentration and was several hundred‐fold less effective than α2‐macroglobulin. Inhibition of gingival collagenase with α2‐macroglobulin is accompanied by the formation of an enzyme‐inhibitor complex, which has retained no collagenolytic activity.
Oxytalan connective tissue fibers: A review
Authors: Fullmer Harold M. , Sheetz James H. , Narkates Annie J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Oxytalan connective tissue fibers are a separate and distinct fiber type. Although current histochemical methods cannot distinguish pre‐elastic from oxytalan fibers, the two fiber types are readily distinguished by electron microscopy. Oxytalan fibers are found in periodontal membranes of all teeth of man, monkeys, rats, guinea pigs and mice. Increased numbers and size of oxytalan fibers are observed in periodontal membranes of teeth subjected to increased stress, such as those used for bridge abutments. Edwards (1968) observed increased size and number of oxytalan fibers in periodontal membranes of dog incisors subjected to orthodontic forces. Some oxytalan fibers serve to support the blood and lymphatic vessels leading to the teeth. Oxytalan fibers appear to have a protein component and a stainable component digestible with β‐glucuronidase after peracetic acid digestion. Oxytalan fibers develop in repair tissues of the periodontal membrane. Although oxytalan fibers probably develop in relation to tumors developed from dental tissues, electron microscopy must be employed to distinguish oxytalan from developing elastic tissues inasmuch as histochemical methods are inadequate.
Experimental allergic sialoadenitis. VII
Authors: Sela J. , Bab J. A. , Dishon T. , Rosenmann E. , Boss J. H.
Published: April 2006

Rats were passively immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of homologous anti‐BSA serum and their salivary glands were challenged 20 min or 24 hours later with BSA by the intraductal route. Immune complex sialoadenitis developed only when challenge was early. It is concluded that immunoglobulins are transferred from the circulation into the salivary glands and are relatively rapidly cleared by a mechanism yet unknown, possibly by salivary flow.
Ghost cell epithelium in odontomas
Authors: Sedano Heddie O. , Pindborg Jens J.
Published: April 2006

Eight cases from a series of 75 odontomas were found to contain ghost cell epithelium. Clinical, radiologic and histologic findings in these cases did not differ significantly from those of odontomas in general. The results obtained with several staining methods, including rhodamin B under fluorescent light, suggest that the ghost cells represent different stages in the process of ortho‐, para‐ and aberrant keratin formation. Ghost cells should be viewed as the product of metaplastic transformation of the odontogenic epithelium with no significance for the prognosis and treatment of odontomas.
The reaction of salivary substances with bacteria
Authors: Ericson Th. , Pruitt K. , Wedel H.
Published: April 2006

Reactions between selected strains of oral streptococci and saliva were studied spectrophotometrically. The curves of absorbance (700 nm) versus those of time were sigmoidal for aggregating saliva‐bacteria mixtures. When the logarithm of the ratio of the change in absorbance to the remaining absorbance was plotted against the reaction time, straight lines were obtained. At a fixed concentration of bacteria, the slope of these lines for a series of dilutions of a selected saliva sample was a parabolic function of the volume of saliva in the reaction mixtures. A model for the aggregation reaction was developed which explained the shape of these parabolic curves. The parameters of the model can be calculated from the experimental data and can be used to estimate the concentration of aggregation‐inducing substances in undiluted saliva. A method for calculating the specific rate constant for the binding of free cells to aggregates was developed. This rate constant is a characteristic feature of a given aggregation reaction and can, in principle, be used to distinguish between aggregation‐inducing substances of different molecular structures.