bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Principle Used By The Vendors Of Borobudur Temple In Communication With Foreign Tourists
Authors: Mandarani Vidya
Published: May 2017

Grice suggested that conversation is based on a shared principle of cooperation. This principle was fleshed out in a series of maxims. Here the writers analyzed the maxims used by the vendors in Borobudur Temple when communicating with foreign tourists. The vendors did not have a good ability in speaking English because English is not their first or even their second language. The problems of this study are: (1) How do the vendors in Borobudur Temple learn English? and (2) What are the maxims used by the vendors of Borobudur Temple in communication with the foreign tourists?

This study used a qualitative approach with ethnomethodology methods to get the detailed information of the vendors’ learning English and the maxims used in the vendors’ conversation. The data are taken from interviews, observation and recording conversations between the vendors and the foreign tourists.

The results showed the vendors’ daily life in learning English, and without joining formal education at schools, the vendors could communicate with the tourists using simple sentences to sell the product. The results on the maxims used in the conversations between the vendors at Borobudur Temple and the foreign tourists was the vendors used maxims of quality and maxims of relation. The vendors did not use maxims of quantity and maxims of manner. This was because of the vendors’ lack of English vocabulary.

The conclusion of this study was the vendors of Borobudur Temple study English in their community without studying English formally at school, and the vendors used maxims of quantity and maxims of relation in conversations with foreigners to sell the product.

Keywords: cooperative principle, vendors, Borobudur temple, foreign tourists
Lesekiste Mit übergangsstufe (Reading Box) In German Language Learning
Authors: Aini Desti Nur
Published: May 2017

Reading activities in learning German as a foreign language are not simply done during the teaching and learning process. In European standard curriculum (GER= Germanische Europäische Referenzrahmen), reading constitutes one of the language test items. Reading in German as a foreign language is suggested to improve students’ competence in German. Beyond that, reading also leads to the improvement of knowledge related to German culture. In order to level up and optimize the interest of high school students to learn German language, one of the strategies that can be carried out is Lesekiste mit Übergangsstufe or reading box. This box provides some texts for the students. These texts are stacked based on difficulty levels, starting from the easy towards the intermediate, and complex ones. In this activity, the students have equal access to all the texts available in the box. Furthermore, students can be asked to retell the text through “Darstellungsformen” (retelling technique) by using mind map, charts, or sketch (Skizze).  This activity is designed to achieve the improvement of teacher’s competence for the sake of the teachers themselves and for the students’ learning development.

 

Keywords: Reading activity, German as a foreign language, Lesekiste mit Übergangsstufe
Prewriting and Drafting Strategies of Graduate Students In Writing Term Papers in English
Authors: Irawati Enny
Published: May 2017

Researches on writing have found that some writers are successful while others are not. Studies that focus on the texts students produced were unable to reveal the reasons for the phenomenon. Researches on the process of writing attempt to uncover the mental processes that students experience while writing texts. Findings by researchers on mental processes predict that more successful writers employ a battery of effective strategies while writing and they employ a more recursive steps in producing the texts. The present study is an attempt to uncover the mental processes of two graduate students when they were writing papers as a form of academic assignment. The research employed descriptive qualitative design. The data were collected using think-aloud protocol in which the subjects think aloud what came to their mind during the production of the papers and it was tape-recorded. The recorded think-aloud was then transcribed and analysed by categorizing the utterances into cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and by depicting the utterances into a chart that depicted the subjects’ flow of thought during prewriting and drafting stages. The data were collected from 22 and 24 sittings of writing the papers. The result of data analyses shows that: (1) the subjects employ both cognitive and metacognitive strategies when writing, (2) the subjects create mental outline in the prewriting stage and keep on revising it during the drafting stage, and (3) recursiveness is not a mark of successful writers.

 

Keywords: drafting, papers, prewriting, strategy
Assessment of Exposition Text to Develop Critical Thinking Skills For Junior High School Students
Authors: Khoiri Nur , Agus Basuki Imam , Tri Priyatni Endah
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this research is to develop an assessment of exposition text to develop critical thinking for junior high school students. This study utilizes developmental research approach with a procedural development research called Thiargarajan 4D model as its research design. The resulting product is a book consisting exposition text assessment tools to develop critical thinking skills for junior high school students. The structured assessment tools are based on the stage of critical thinking by Peter A Facione and the exposition text written by Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson. Based on the results of validity and reliability, the assessment tools developed in this study are valid and reliable with more than 80% score. The assessment tools, which were piloted in SMP Hasanuddin 01 Wajak, are proven reliable based on the reliability test between raters.

 

Keywords: assessment of writing, exposition text, critical thinking
Logical Flaws In Indonesian Students’ Argumentative Essays
Authors: Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: May 2017

Writing argumentative essays becomes a challenge for both teachers and students as it relates to various aspects. One of them is on the teaching and learning of critical thinking skills comprising the awareness to avoid logical flaws. The real reflection of critical thinking can be traced through students’ ability to express their thought in the form of arguments which have no logical flaws. Good arguments must be supported by convincing claims and careful choice of wordings which is free from fallacious statements. This paper identifies the fallacious statements or logical flaws occurring in the argumentative writing of the students of an Islamic University in Indonesia. The findings show the faulty reasoning found in terms of the discussion on the topics, the flawed relations with the audience, and the relations with the characters involved in the arguments. The types of the logical flaws also concern the claims expressed. On claims of fact, the fallacies found include hasty generalization, irrelevancy, slippery slope, oversimplification and begging the question. Regarding pathos, the fallacy type covers ad populum, appeal to emotion premises and red herring. Meanwhile, the ethos fallacy occurs in straw man only. On claims of value, more faulty reasoning is found compared to the discussion on the topics which are considered less familiar. In the logos fallacy for instance, the whole types of fallacy are found. The pathos found involves appeal to emotion premises and red herring, while the ethos fallacy occurs in appeal to authority and ad hominem. On claims of policy, the similar tendency of ethos is also found while the pathos existing is in the form of appeal to emotion premises. Therefore, it is recommended that the students develop their critical thinking skills which involve constructing logical and flawless reasoning.
Keywords: logical flaws, critical thinking, logos, ethos, pathos
Social Construction On Cultural Multiculturalism
Authors: . Sukamto
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to disseminate the results of the study and get feedback about the "Social construction on Multiculturalism". Five years ago, Ahimsa Putra (2011) stated that Indonesia adopted pluralism without multiculturalism. Until now the issue of multiculturalism has become something that must be kept alive in an attempt to minimize the incidence of national disintegration. Winter (2015) tried to rethink multiculturalism by taking a lesson from Canada, where the people experienced setbacks in implementing the work program of multiculturalism. While Pakulski (2014) considered the implementation of multiculturalism policy program in Australia as a blur, Scuzzarello (2015), optimistically invited to care about multiculturalism and re power sharing on different communities. Gozdecka et al. (2014), in recent years after multiculturalism was declared, stated that it was a failure both in Europe and in Anglophone West. This study was conducted in Blitar, using a qualitative approach to data collection methods and also interviews with ten informants. The result showed that the community was concerned with the existence of  multiculturalism; they considered themselves as ‘brother’. In addition, they described that: (a) asserting one's cultural identity, studying and assessing the cultural heritage of a person is important; (b) respecting and having a desire to understand and learn about (and from) other cultures is useful; (c) being always delighted with the presence of different cultures in the community, and considering it as a positive thing to be respected and maintained is crucial. The harmony was found in everyday lives, especially in the Religious and National holidays, for example Eid Al-Fitr, Vesak, Christmas, and other religious holidays. Also, it could be seen during the Commemoration of National Holiday such as the Independence Day and the Youth Pledge Day.

 

Keywords: social construction, pluralism, multiculturalism, Indonesia.
The Debate of Written Corrective Feedback: What to do And Where to Go
Authors: Budianto Suhartawan , Mukminatien Nur , Adnan Latief Mohammad
Published: May 2017

This article presents the debate of written direct CF (WCF) stated by the previous studies. Being a controversial issue leads written CF into two different positions: that written CF is plausible for ESL and EFL learners (Bitchener et al, 2005; Bitchener, 2008; Bitchener & Knoch, 2008, 2009, 2010; Bruton, 2007, 2009; Chandler, 2003; Lee, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c; Montgomery & Baker, 2007; Lundstrom & Baker, 2009; Vasquez & Harvey, 2010; Evans et al., 2010) or that it does not contribute significantly for ESL and EFL learners (Truscott & Hsu, 2008; Bruton, 2007). Through the debate, there are two queries revealed: what to do and where to go. Finally, it can be concluded that an effort to assist learners in improving their accuracy of ESL and EFL writing has to be conducted by a teacher, and CF is one of the alternative techniques among others to make the learning outcome better. Moreover, both local and global aspects are to be checked and treated proportionally meaning the written CF should not only concern local aspects but also global aspects. Later, it would be better to evaluate the long term effect of providing WCF on other occasions (a month or a semester after WCF is given).

 

Keywords: Written Direct CF, Indirect CF
Making their Voices Heard: Introducing the Joy of Poetry Writing In Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: El Khoiri Niamika
Published: May 2017

The use of poetry in the classroom is not an uncommon phenomenon in foreign language teaching. Many teachers believe that poetry writing can help students improve their language fluency and provide meaningful literacy. However, some language teachers are quite skeptical of the idea, by referring to the fact that students’ limited linguistic resources will prevent them from performing the challenging task. This paper tries to show how poetry writing can be applied in EFL classroom, not only as a means to develop students’ language competence, but also as a medium to create meaningful dialogue among students. Previously designed as an additional activity in a formal academic writing class, the poetry writing has become one of the favorite sections in the students’ activities. By adding small but interesting features to the technique, poetry writing can in fact turn into an activity many students look forward to. During the process, the students are engaged in a meaningful exchange with their fellow learners, with language learning also happens along the way, sometimes quite unconsciously. Such process may help students to appreciate various forms of literary work, to improve the language fluency, and most importantly, to provide a sense of audience to students who want to make their voices heard.

 

Keywords: poetry writing, EFL, peer analysis
In Lieu Of That: Multiple Stay – Stray Presentations For More Intensive Learning
Authors: . Furaidah
Published: May 2017

In an attempt to move away from teacher-centered way of teaching, lecturers frequently ask students do presentations. In this situation, a group of students will usually become the presenters and the others the audience. Though this way has reduced the teacher-centeredness, the number of students taking part in the discussion and being engaged in the learning process is still limited to the presenters and the audience giving comments about the presented topic, and the learning engagement of the rest of the audience is mysterious. Considering the pivotal role of the learning engagement and participation for the achievement of the instructional objectives, lecturers can use Repetitive Stay-Stray presentation as a teaching strategy that involves meaningful repetition of presenting and listening activities, and multiple traffic of communication, and students’ reflection. These activities make learning engagement and participation a logical consequence. 

 

Keywords: learning engagement, instructional objectives, students’ reflection, multiple stay-stray presentation
Problem Solving Based Assessment
Authors: . Suyono , Priyatni Endah Tri , Harsiati Titik , Basuki Imam Agus
Published: May 2017

College graduates are required to have the ability to solve problems creatively in order to face the global market of this decade. To evaluate the problem-solving skills of the graduates, there is a need to develop problem solving based assessment. This study aims to produce a problem solving based assessment to test the competence of the Department of Indonesian language and literature education graduates. The design of the study is research and development using the Delphi method; the steps of which are: (1) establishing a team of panelists from a collaborative team to share the graduates standard assessment blueprint  (2) discussing the assessment blueprint in terms forms and types (3) formulating the findings, (4) developing the product in the form of assessment packages, and (5) validating the product. The results of experts validation claim that this research has produced a problem solving based assessment to test the competence of the Department of Indonesian language and literature education graduates. The test has various forms and is suitable to measure high level competence. Due to the wide and deep coverage of the materials, the assessment is appropriate to measure the general competence of pre-service teacher candidates.  

 

Keywords: test, competence test, graduates, problem solving
The Chakri Dynasty’s “Open Door” Policy in Nineteenth Century: The Background of International Intergration Of the Modern Thailand
Authors: Van Chuong Dang
Published: May 2017

In order to protect Thailand’s independence and sovereignty under the strong pressures of the western powerful nations, Kings of the early Chakri dynasty had the determination to conduct a change from “close door” policy to “open door” policy. It was conducted under the reigns of King Rama IV and Rama V in the middle of nineteenth century. This was not only a new policy but it also became its pioneer in Asia. This “open door” policy was not only to protect Thailand’s independence but also to develop its economy and society. On the basis of economy and society reforms, Thailand government had implemented the reforms on the politics:  turning absolute monarchy into constitutional monarchy. All this helped Thailand to hold a new position in the international relations. Thailand became a nation which had equal position with other nations. It allowed Thailand to integrate with international community, and became a nation which had the first position in the Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth.

 

Keywords: “Open door” policy, “Close door” policy, Chakri dynasty, Independence, reform, diplomat, Thailand
Children Character's World In The Story Give Me A Ticket To Childhood By Nguyen Nhat Anh
Authors: Vin Hoang Xuan , Phuoc Hoang Huu
Published: May 2017

“Give Me a Ticket to Childhood” is a long story written by Nguyen Nhat Anh, one of the most famous authors of Vietnamese modern literature who specializes in children's stories. This is one of his most successful works. It has been translated into many different languages and was awarded the Southeast Asian Writers Award in 2010. The paper analyzes the aspects of sociology of literature and poetics of the children character’s world in the story.

 

Keywords: Give Me a Ticket to Childhood”, Southeast Asian Writers Award in 2010, children character’s life, sociology of literature, poetics
Character Ambivalence In Facing Social Changes In Shifu Becomes Dumb And Dumber By Mo Yan
Authors: Tanriwa Arkan , Wuryandari Nurni W.
Published: May 2017

Social and societal changes, and the essential ambivalence of the everyman in face of those changes is the theme and major narrative thread in the short story Shifu Becomes Dumb and Dumber (师傅越来越幽默: Shifu Yuelaiyue Youmo) by contemporary Chinese author Mo Yan. In Shifu, Mo Yan relays the theme by tracing the life of the main character. The theme’s logical conclusion is achieved through humor and detailed narratives of the idiosyncrasies of that main character. To provide granularity and dimension for the behaviors, thoughts and lifestyle of that character, the author introduces a minor character for contrasting effect, that brings the 'dumb and dumber' to the fore. The way the author describes Ding’s idiosyncratic ways and juxtaposes them with those of the minor character, with the specific scenes as the narrative backdrop, competently and critically portrays the life and living of the essential everyman in China in the face of society undergoing rapid and fundamental sociocultural flux

 

Keywords: Shifu Becomes Dumb and Dumber short story, character analysis, social change in China
The Impact Of Tourism On Indian Culture
Authors: P.S Pratheep.
Published: May 2017

Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries. Increased leisure time and changes in lifestyle and consumption have given renewed importance to tourism. Travel outside a person's local area for leisure was largely confined to wealthy classes, who at times travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures, and to taste different cuisines.  Tourism also encourages respect for and preservation of monuments and heritage properties.”  At the interface between culture and tourism lies a series of deep and challenging issues relating to how we deal with issues of political engagement, social justice, economic change, belonging, identity and meaning. Tourism is a cultural phenomenon. It both impacts cultures and society, and is shaped by cultures and society. There is a deep influence of tourists and tourism on host country. Tourism is genuinely powerful and unique force for change in the community. Tourist impact has been most noticeable in lesser developed countries but is not entirely restricted to them. The cultural impact of tourism is concerned with the question of protecting and maintaining the cultural heritage and certain allied issues. The paper is an attempt to discuss the impact of tourism on Indian culture. The research design of this paper will be descriptive in nature.

 

Keywords: Manila Declaration, Tradition, Value system, tribal tourism, Globalization
Female Liberation in Javanese Legend “Jaka Tarub”
Authors: Fariha Inayatul , Choiron Nabhan F.
Published: May 2017

The existence of nymph characters in many myths and folktales has brought fascinating yet complex issues on gender relation in patriarchal society. Most of the nymphs are female who has superhuman power. They are usually represented as having charm that allures men.

This study explores a Javanese well known legend of Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan Using feminist theory as a framework, this study addresses the female opression in a patriarchal society through the portrayal of the heroine Dewi Nawang Wulan, a celestial nymph with supranatural power, who is trapped and deprived of her power by Jaka Tarub. The narrative of Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan represents women as the involuntary victims of socializing mechanisms, and the ‘otherness’ of woman in a male-oriented culture. The story challenges the commonly held notion that happiness for women is dependent on men’s protection. In many fairy tale, marriage is the ultimate goal that will end the female heroine’s misery like in cinderella. However in Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan the marriage is just the beginning of an oppression and suffering.The male protector only brings distress and suffering. Once the female superhuman power is gained back, the women are liberated from the shackle of patriarchy. 

 

Keywords: female liberation, socializing mechanisms, otherness
Old Software, New Purpose: Exploring PPT for Interactive Language Learning
Authors: Maria Ivone Francisca
Published: May 2017

Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT) has frequently been used in language classes to present texts, pictures, animation, audio, and videos. The presentation software is extremely popular because it is available in most computers, easy to use, and supports multimedia. Yet it is seldom used to create instructional materials and media that allow language learners to be active and that encourage them to be more independent learners. The paper aims to stimulate language teachers to scrutinise the software to rediscover its potentials for language learning. The features provided in PPT allow language learners to explore, provide and record responses, and to receive feedback while they are in slideshow mode. In this paper, four PPT features – animations, ActiveX, hyperlinks, and pointer options – are explored in atypical manners and examples of language learning activities are presented to give language teachers ideas of what this old software can do to support language teaching and learning.

 

Keywords: interactive activities, Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT), multimedia, animations, ActiveX, hyperlinks, pointer options
The National Heritage Of Ki Hadjar Dewantara In Taman Siswa About Culture-Based Education And Learning
Authors: Towaf Siti Malikhah
Published: May 2017

Global interdependence is a reality; in the security, economics, politics, socio-culture, and especially in the education of a nation. Relevant to the need for an international dialog on education, this study tries to explore: 1) the concepts of culture-based education and learning of Ki Hadjar Dewantara (KHD) in Tamansiswa, 2) the results of previous studies about the culture-based education and learning of KHD in Tamansiswa, and 3) the phenomena of Tamansiswa stagnancy as the national movement in education. A qualitative approach is used in this study. The researcher collected data from documents, observations, interviews; open ended questions. The data were analyzed to describe the focus of this study and get the conclusions. The result shows that Tamansiswa took role in culture-based education and learning by implementing Among System since the beginning of its history. The previous studies indicate that the KHD ideas are beyond his time and generation; very important for the nation in recent time. The phenomena of stagnancy is more due to management problems rather than the obsoleteness of philosophical foundation of Tamansiswa. It is necessary to socialize the concepts of culture-based education and learning of Ki Hadjar Dewantara (KHD) in Tamansiswa, to recognize the importance of KHD ideas as a contribution to the development of education in Indonesia.

 

Keywords: National heritage, Culture-based  Education, Tamansiswa.
Communicative Language Teaching And Its Achievements: A Study Of In-Country Program In Indonesia From 2013-2015
Authors: Susanto Gatut
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to discuss the result of the study on the implementation of communicative language teaching and its impact on the language achievements of the students. In this study, the data is collected from classroom observation, interview, and examination of various Indonesian curricula, syllabi, and teaching materials. The subjects of the study are students, peer tutors, and instructors involving in the CLS Malang programs in the summers of 2013–2015 at Indonesian for foreign speakers (or locally known as Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA)), State University of Malang. The result of the study shows that the implementation of communicative language teaching approach is very effective when it is combined with extracurricular activities. The combination of these two can significantly increase students’ skills in Indonesian language as the students are able to use it effectively and meaningfully in “real-world” contexts afterwards. Moreover, based on the results of OPI (Oral Proficiency Interview), this approach enables students to practice Indonesian language through real-life interactions. Higher levels of students’ achievement are predicted to result from this approach because the OPI interviews emphasize oral proficiency based on communicative and cultural skills in real-life settings. The limitation and suggestion for further research will also be discussed.

 

Keywords: communicative language teaching, achievement, Bahasa Indonesia, in-country program, Indonesia
The Influence Of L1 And L2 In English Stress Shift Production Of The Efl Learners In Indonesia
Authors: Arienintya Dhinar
Published: May 2017

EFL learners in Indonesia are varied in terms of their age, gender, and origin (places to live). They eagerly learn English productively by speaking although, most of the time, most of them mispronounce some words. Even worse, they still mispronounce a word after having given or heard the correct pronunciation. If this happens to learners whose major is not English, it is perhaps not a big problem; however, it should be a problem that should be immediately fixed by the lecturers if it happens to learners whose major is English. Many of the learners of English Language Teaching still frequently make mistakes in pronouncing English words, especially in giving stress in each word. It may happen due to the influence of their L1 and L2, the lack of knowledge in giving stress, or both. The participants of this study will be the freshmen of English Language Teaching of the Department of English Language and Literature of Universitas Negeri Malang attending Basic Reading Class. The design of this research is descriptive in which questionnaire and recording will be used as the instruments in the data collection. The result of this study is expected to answer whether or not L1 and L2 influence English stress shift production of the EFL learners in Indonesia.

 
Keywords: Stress shifts, pronunciation, EFL learners in Indonesia
Indonesian Efl Teachers’ Practice Of Interactional Feedback
Authors: Suryati Nunung
Published: May 2017

Interactional feedback is defined as feedback that is generated by teachers in response to both erroneous and communicatively inappropriate utterances that students produce during conversational interaction (Nassaji, 2015).  Interactional feedback has been investigated in second language acquisition contexts, but little has been done concerning interactional feedback in foreign language settings, particularly in Indonesian context. In this descriptive study, conducted at junior high school level, it was aimed to identify the actual practice of instructors of English as a foreign language on interactional feedback in their classrooms. A classroom observation protocol was used to collect the data. The results show that teachers in general have applied different types of interactional feedback. However, not all interactional feedback results in students’ uptakes.
Building Cultural Awareness and Critical Thinking Skills through Project-Based Task: A Workshop for Indonesian Context
Authors: Rachmajanti Sri
Published: May 2017

Facing the Third Millennium, any countries should prepare young generation with cultural awareness and critical thinking skills so as to survive in the global era. According to Scriven and Paul (2001), critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information  generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. Whereas, cultural awareness refers to the foundation of communication  involving the ability of standing back from ourselves and getting aware of our cultural values, beliefs and perceptions (Cunningham, 2013). These two conceptual insights can be appropriately practiced by pedagogically and professionally competent teachers through the language classroom activities, one of which is ‘project-based task’ which requires learners to think critically to complete cultural-based tasks, and at the same time appreciate the cultural norms. Therefore, the workshop is intended to equip participants with the practical knowledge and skills of building cultural awareness and critical thinking skills through the project-based task.

Keywords: Cultural Awareness, Critical Thinking Skills, Project-Based Task
COMMITTEE
Authors: . .
Published: May 2017

.
Novel Covers As Literary Art
Authors: Khatib Nur Ali Ahmad Jum’a
Published: May 2017

Literary art is a translation, interpretation, transmutation of literary text from language system to another signs system. It is a perception product, interpretation and translation of its original works, not to be duplication but as a form of work of art. This research is intended to reveal Novel covers system of representation. The aim is to find out whether it represents the novel values or not as a literary art. In doing so, this research used qualitative method with Negeri van Oranje and Ayah covers as primary data. The data are chosen using purposive sampling with two basic standards: popularity and Myers design standards. Using representation theory and semiotic as tools of analysis, the research then finds that Negeri van Oranje and Ayah covers have two aspects of presentation: novel content values or theme and marketing aspect. It is presented using two elements: textual and visual. The marketing aspect mostly uses texts elements and the novel content uses visual elements. They are using symbolic signs to build future reader impression and perception of the novel. The symbolic signs and concept are constructed to represent the novel content messages or values. Text features explain the visual features, and the visual features express the text features. Covers have different representation system from the novel but it is not an independent system. In conclusion, not every novel cover can be literary art but Negeri van Oranje and Ayah novel covers can be included as literary art.    

Keywords: Literary arts, Novel Cover, Representation
Cultural Diversity: When Teachers are at a Loss
Authors: Andreani Sri , Astuti Utari Praba
Published: May 2017

Teaching is a rewarding activity, but it can be really frustrating when teachers fail to make their students learn. Teachers in the Department of English of  our University stumble on a group of students from a particular region in Indonesia. Our observations on these students in our own classes, feedbacks from teachers in other classes, remarks from the chair of the students’ association, and the results of an interview with them reveal problems in entry behaviour, academic achievement, initative, motivation, class responses, and self-discipline. The teachers find it hard to deal with these students and think that these problems are rooted in the so-called cultural differences, but are they really cultural? This article describes these problems, addresses their reasons from the perspectives of culture and pedagogy, and explores possibilities to overcome them.  

Keywords: cultural diversity, teachers, students, problems
The influence of water stress on plant hydraulics, gas exchange, berry composition and quality of Pinot Noir wines in Switzerland
Authors: Zufferey Vivian , Spring Jean-Laurent , Verdenal Thibaut , Dienes Agnès , Belcher Sandrine , Lorenzini Fabrice , Koestel Carole , Rösti Johannes , Gindro Katia , Spangenberg Jorge , Viret Olivier
Published: May 2017

Aims : The aims of this study were to investigate the physiological behavior (plant hydraulics, gas exchange) of the cultivar Pinot Noir in the field under progressively increasing conditions of water stress and analyze the effects of drought on grape and wine quality.

Methods and results : Grapevines of the variety Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir (clone 9-18, grafted onto 5BB) were subjected to different water regimes (irrigation treatments) over the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor plant water status (leaf and stem water potentials and relative carbon isotope composition (d13C) in must sugars). Leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis A and transpiration E), leaf stomatal conductance (gs), specific hydraulic conductivity in petioles (Kpetiole), yield components, berry composition at harvest, and organoleptic quality of wines were analyzed over a 7-year period, between 2009 and 2015, under relatively dry conditions in the canton of Wallis, Switzerland. A progressively increasing water deficit, observed throughout the season, reduced the leaf gas exchange (A and E) and gs in non-irrigated vines. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi, A/gs) increased during the growing season and was greater in water-stressed vines than in well-watered vines (irrigated vines). This rise in WUEi was correlated with an increase in d13C in must sugars at harvest. Drought led to decreases in Kpetiole, E and sap flow in stems. A decrease in vine plant vigor was observed in vines that had been subjected to water deficits year after year. Moderate water stress during ripening favored sugar accumulation in berries and caused a reduction in total acidic and malic contents in must and available nitrogen content (YAN). Wines produced from water-stressed vines had a deeper color and were richer in anthocyanins and phenol compounds compared with wines from well-watered vines with no water stress. The vine water status greatly influenced the organoleptic quality of the resulting wines. Wines made from non-irrigated vines with a water deficit presented more structure and higher-quality tannins. They were also judged to be more full-bodied and with blended tannins than those made from irrigated vines.

Conclusions : Grape ripening and resulting Pinot Noir wines were found to be largely dependent on the water supply conditions of the vines during the growing season, which influenced gas exchange and plant hydraulics.

Significance and impact of the study : Plant water status constitutes a key factor in leaf gas exchange, canopy water use efficiency, berry composition and wine quality.
Using of a combined approach by biochemical and image analysis to develop a new method to estimate seed maturity stage for Bordeaux area grapevine
Authors: RABOT Amélie
Published: May 2017

Aim: The importance of phenolic maturity (depending on tannins and anthocyans) of the grape is crucial at harvest and determines the final quality of wine. The work presented here aims to characterize the evolution of phenolic maturity of seeds for 3 varieties combining macroscopic analysis and biochemical analyzes of these tannins at phenological stages of interest.

Methods and results: Using R software for macroscopic analyzes have been shown that the color varies dramatically (from green to dark brown) in the two months between the bunch closure and maturity. Biochemical analysis (HPLC measurement) shows that tannins in seeds are increasing from bunch closure to early veraison and decrease after this step until maturity.

Conclusion: All together these results have shown that the color variation is correlated to the tannins content in the seeds.

Significance of the study: Nowadays, no easy ways of prediction of phenolic maturity are known. The aim of this work is to use these results (usually considered independently) to have an knowledge of seed level of phenolic maturity necessary without biochemical analysis to establish a date of great harvest for the most favorable conditions for the extraction of tannins required for the organoleptic quality of a wine .The originality of this work is to use the combined visual seeds and its biochemical composition in tannins (correlation established by CPA). Forward, these results will help to develop a decision support tool based on simply system to acquiring seed image easily usable by winemakers.
Improving phenolic and chromatic characteristics of Monastrell, Merlot and Syrah wines by using two elicitors
Authors: GIL Rocio
Published: May 2017

Aims: Phenolic compounds, include anthocyanins, flavonols and tannins, are considered very important from a health and technological point of view. The concentration of these compounds in grapes depends on many factors, but  the use of elicitors as a new strategy can be a good option to improve the phenolic content of grapes and consequently in wines.

Methods and results: Berries of three grape varieties (Monastrell, Merlot and Syrah) were sprayed with two elicitors, BTH (benzothiadiazole) and MeJ (methyl jasmonate), during preharvest, and the phenolic characteristics (anthocyanins, flavonols and tannins) were studied in the grapes at harvest and in the corresponding wines at the end of alcoholic fermentation.

Conclusion: Results were different for grapes and wines in function of variety and the elicitor used.
Significance and impact of the study: These results can be useful to enhance the phenolic composition in grapes and wines and to improve their quality, although it must pay attention the variety and the elicitor used
Trends in School-Related Victimization of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youths—Massachusetts, 1995–2015
Authors: O’Malley Olsen Emily , Vivolo-Kantor Alana M. , Kann Laura , Milligan Chiniqua N.
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To compare changes over time in prevalence of school victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students compared with heterosexual students.

Methods. We analyzed data from 11 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted among representative samples of students in grades 9 through 12 in Massachusetts during 1995 to 2015. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify trends over time by sexual identity.

Results. During 1995 to 2015, the prevalence of missing school decreased overall (from 5.6% to 4.8%) and among heterosexual (from 4.3% to 3.8%) and LGB (from 25.0% to 13.4%) students. The prevalence of having been threatened decreased overall (from 7.8% to 4.1%) and among heterosexual (from 6.5% to 3.5%) and LGB (from 32.9% to 6.7%) students.

Conclusions. We identified evidence of a significant decrease in victimization among all students regardless of sexual identity and a steep decline among LGB students. Additional actions to improve school climate may help eliminate the disparities and decrease victimization for all youths.
Effects of toxic Microcystis genotypes on natural colony formation and mechanism involved
Authors: Bi Xiangdong , Dai Wei , Zhang Shulin , Dong Shaojie , Zhang Dajuan
Published: May 2017

The cyanobacterium Microcystis occurs as colonies of different sizes with varying abundance of toxic genotypes versus non-toxic genotypes under natural conditions. To investigate the effects of toxic Microcystis genotypes on natural colony formation, samples collected from the mainstream of Haihe River from July to October 2015 were sieved into four colony classes with sizes of <8 μm, 8–20 μm, 20–90 μm and >90 μm. Each colony size class was analyzed for the proportion of toxic Microcystis genotypes, and microcystins (MCs) cellular production of toxic genotypes. The results showed the smallest size class of Microcystis colonies (<8 μm) showed the lowest proportion of toxic genotypes and the highest MC-RR and MC-YR cellular production. With the increasing colony sizes, the proportion of toxic Microcystis genotypes increased but the MC-RR and MC-YR cellular production decreased. A negative correlation between the MCs cellular production and the proportion of toxic genotypes was observed in all four colony size classes, suggesting that the less there were toxic Microcystis cells able to produce MCs, the more each toxic cell needed to produce that molecule. Toxic Microcystis played an important role in the colony formation in natural waters via producing MCs.
U ŹRÓDEŁ ZASADY ‘AUDIATUR ET ALTERA PARS’
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: May 2017

At the Root of the Principle of ‘audiatur et altera pars’ Summary The aim of the article is to show that the prototype of what later became the principle of audiatur et altera pars is a provision from Law 1,7 of the Twelve Tables, cum perorando ambo praesentes (let them speak when both are present). At the start of proceedings both parties were to put their case to the praetor; in other words both parties presented their evidence in the presence of the opposite party. This concise provision encapsulates the fundamental principles judges in modern civil proceedings are expected to observe: audi alteram partem (“hear the other side”), equal treatment of both parties, and direct examination of the evidence.
WYBRANE ASPEKTY PRAWNE W ‘HISTORIA AUGUSTA’
Authors: Bogacz Ludomir
Published: May 2017

Private Law in the ‘Augustan History’SummaryThe author of Historia Augusta (The Augustan History) had some knowledge of the law. He knew, for instance, that the emperor had to issue his consent for an act of adrogation to be valid, but failed to describe its procedure correctly. He knew that the lex Fufia Caninia limited manumission to a maximum of one hundred slaves, but he did not know that this law was applicable only to testamentary manumissions.The biographer displayed his knowledge but distorted and fabricated history. However, as his acquaintance with the law was limited and pertained to the law in force at a much later period, it was wrong on the particulars in force earlier. In-depth analysis of the Historia Augusta with reference to Roman law may be helpful in telling fact from fiction in this extraordinary work.
ZAWŁASZCZENIE NIERUCHOMOŚCI NA PRZYKŁADZIE DZIAŁAŃ WOJENNYCH Z POCZĄTKU XVII WIEKU W RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ OBOJGA NARODÓW. Z BADAŃ NAD PRAWEM ZDOBYCZY WOJENNEJ W EPOCE NOWOŻYTNEJ
Authors: Łopatecki Karol
Published: May 2017

Property Requisition: A Case Study of early 17th-Century Military Operations for Research on the Early Modern Law on War TrophiesSummary This article is on the requisitioning of property by soldiers stationing on enemy territory. The author presents the law on war trophies in force in Poland-Lithuania in 1609–1619, when the country was at war against the Grand Duchy of Muscovy. In particular he examines a protestation lodged by Stanisław Galiński, a Mazovian nobleman. This document provides evidence that pursuant to the Polish-Lithuanian law of war abandoned property could be lawfully requisitioned providing the party taking possession of the vacant real estate became its effective holder by taking over its management. This theory is confirmed by a 1613 parliamentary resolution which allowed for the confiscation of requisitioned property from soldiers who could not prove their title to tenure on these grounds. The legal situation of requisitioned properties was similar to that of property held by the Muscovite boyars of the Smolensk region, who were granted a conditional endorsement of tenure, with the recognition of a title in fee simple subject to enfeoffment by the king.
UMOWA NAJMU OKAZJONALNEGO LOKALU
Authors: Mróz Arkadiusz
Published: May 2017

The Occasional Tenancy AgreementSummary This article presents issues relating to the structure of occasional tenancy and its practical significance for the operations of the residential rental market. The article explains the essence of occasional tenancy and discusses the origin of this institution, includingissues relating to the subject, parties, form and content of the occasional tenancy agreement, and the term for which such an agreement may be concluded, the rent and conditions for its revision, the possibility of a mandatory deposit being put on an occasional tenancy agreement, as well as the content and nature of annexes to such an agreement.
DOBROWOLNE PODDANIE SIĘ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI W PRAWIE KARNYM SKARBOWYM. UWAGI ‘DE LEGE FERENDA’
Authors: Czichy Krzysztof
Published: May 2017

Voluntary Acceptance of Liability in Fiscal Criminal Law. Remarks on Relevant LegislationSummary Voluntary acceptance of liability is one of the most commonly used institutions for the reduction of fiscal criminal liability. The purpose of this study is to answer question whether the current regulations are working efficiently, or whether modification is needed.
PRAWO ŁASKI NA POZIOMIE STANOWYM W USA
Authors: Kwiatkowski Wojciech
Published: May 2017

The Right of Clemency at the State Level in the United StatesSummary The article discusses the core issues related to state-level clemency in the United States of America. This power is deeply rooted in American history. At this level clemency often serves as an important mechanism of checks and balances on the state judiciary; it enables error-correction in a state criminal justice system, it may afford relief from undue harshness, and it helps to ensure that the state justice system is tempered. Although it is not required by the federal constitution, each state has a constitutional provision addressing clemency. This article points out that an important difference compared with solutions at the federal level is that the power to exercise clemency at the state level is vested in either the governor, an executive clemency board, or a combination thereof, so an important part of the study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each of these solutions. Another important aspect of the study was to identify the determinants affecting the regulation and application of state clemency. The article also discusses (I) some legal methods to limit the power to pardon and (II) regulations which determine the transparency of the whole procedure.