bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thymoquinone Ameliorates Acute Renal Failure in Gentamicin-Treated Adult Male Rats
Authors: Samarghandian Saeed , Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Mirhafez Seyed Reza
Published: July 2015

Background: Gentamicin (GEN) is considered as a main aminoglycoside antibiotic medicine. The top therapeutic side effect of GEN is nephrotoxicity. The current research was proposed to determine the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on GEN-induced acute renal failure (ARF). Methods: The rats were divided into 6 groups: sham group, control group, GEN-treated group and the TQ-treated groups. At the end of the research period, the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were measured. The kidneys were then removed for evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukins IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Results: GEN induced a raise in the levels of serum Cr, BUN and also the levels of MDA, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α with decease in GSH, SOD, GPx and IL-10 in the kidney (p < 0.05). The data illustrated that the significant elevation in the levels of serum Cr, BUN, MDA, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α and also the reduction of GSH, SOD, SOD, GPx, IL-10 in the kidney were ameliorated in the TQ-treated groups versus the untreated group, in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present investigation proposes that TQ may be ameliorated ARF through modulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
The Irish Kidney Gene Project - Prevalence of Family History in Patients with Kidney Disease in Ireland
Authors: Connaughton Dervla M. , Bukhari Sarah , Conlon Peter , Cassidy Eoin , O'Toole Michael , Mohamad Mardina , Flanagan John , Butler Triona , O'Leary Anne , Wong Limy , O'Regan John , Moran Sarah , O'Kelly Patrick , Logan Valerie , Griffin Brenda , Griffin Matthew , Lavin Peter , Little Mark A. , Conlon Peter
Published: July 2015

Background: The prevalence of kidney disease (KD) due to inherited genetic conditions in Ireland is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise an adult kidney disease population in Ireland and to identify familial clusters of kidney disease within the population. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study of patients with kidney disease in the Republic of Ireland, from January 2014 to September 2014, recruiting from dialysis units and out-patient renal departments. A survey was performed by collecting data on etiology of kidney disease and whether a family history of kidney disease exists. Medical records were cross-referenced to confirm the etiology of kidney disease. Results: A total of 1,840 patients were recruited with a mean age of 55.9 years (range 17-94.5) and a male predominance (n = 1,095; 59.5%). A positive family history was reported by 629 participants (34.2%). Excluding polycystic kidney disease (n = 134, 7.3%), a positive family history was reported by 495 participants (26.9%). Kidney disease due to an unknown etiology was the commonest etiology in the non-polycystic kidney disease group with a positive family history (10.6%, n = 67). Kidney diseases that are not classically associated with familial inheritance including tubulo-interstitial kidney disease, congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract and glomerulonephritis demonstrated familial clustering. Conclusion: In an Irish non-polycystic kidney disease population, 26.9% reports a positive family history. The commonest etiology of kidney disease in the positive family history cohort, excluding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, was kidney disease due to unknown etiology. Examining families with kidney disease provides an opportunity to better understand disease pathogenesis and potentially identify genetic predispositions to kidney disease.
Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Lai Wai Keung Christopher , Kan Ming Yin
Published: July 2015

This review discussed and in particular emphasis the potential cellular pathways and the biological processes involved that lead to homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction, in particular in the impaired endothelial dependent dilatation aspect. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent cardiovascular risk factor that has been associated with atherosclerotic vascular diseases and ischemic heart attacks. The potential mechanisms by which elevated plasma homocysteine level leads to reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability include the disruptive uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase activity and quenching of nitric oxide by oxidative stress, the enzymatic inhibition by asymmetric dimethylarginine, endoplasmic reticulum stress with eventual endothelial cell apoptosis, and chronic inflammation/prothrombotic conditions. Homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction presumably affecting the bioavailability of the potent vasodilator ‘nitric oxide', and such dysfunction can easily be monitor by flow-mediated dilation method using ultrasound. Understanding the mechanisms by which plasma homocysteine alter endothelial nitric oxide production is therefore essential in the comprehension of homocysteine-induced impairment of endothelial dependent dilatation, and its association of cardiovascular risk and its pathophysiology.
Local MicroRNA Modulation Using a Novel Anti-miR-21–Eluting Stent Effectively Prevents Experimental In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Wang Dong , Deuse Tobias , Stubbendorff Mandy , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Erben Reinhold G. , Eken Suzanne M. , Jin Hong , Li Yuhuang , Busch Albert , Heeger Christian-H. , Behnisch Boris , Reichenspurner Hermann , Robbins Robert C. , Spin Joshua M. , Tsao Philip S. , Schrepfer Sonja , Maegdefessel Lars
Published: July 2015

Objective—

Despite advances in stent technology for vascular interventions, in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of myointimal hyperplasia remains a major complication.

Approach and Results—

We investigated the regulatory role of microRNAs in myointimal hyperplasia/ISR, using a humanized animal model in which balloon-injured human internal mammary arteries with or without stenting were transplanted into Rowett nude rats, followed by microRNA profiling. miR-21 was the only significantly upregulated candidate. In addition, miR-21 expression was increased in human tissue samples from patients with ISR compared with coronary artery disease specimen. We systemically repressed miR-21 via intravenous fluorescein-tagged-locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 (anti-21) in our humanized myointimal hyperplasia model. As expected, suppression of vascular miR-21 correlated dose dependently with reduced luminal obliteration. Furthermore, anti-21 did not impede reendothelialization. However, systemic anti-miR-21 had substantial off-target effects, lowering miR-21 expression in liver, heart, lung, and kidney with concomitant increase in serum creatinine levels. We therefore assessed the feasibility of local miR-21 suppression using anti-21–coated stents. Compared with bare-metal stents, anti-21–coated stents effectively reduced ISR, whereas no significant off-target effects could be observed.

Conclusion—

This study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-miR–coated stent for the reduction of ISR.
Stroke and Neurodegeneration Induce Different Connectivity Aberrations in the Insula
Authors: García-Cordero Indira , Sedeño Lucas , Fraiman Daniel , Craiem Damian , de la Fuente Laura Alethia , Salamone Paula , Serrano Cecilia , Sposato Luciano , Manes Facundo , Ibañez Agustín
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—

Stroke and neurodegeneration cause significant brain damage and cognitive impairment, especially if the insular cortex is compromised. This study explores for the first time whether these 2 causes differentially alter connectivity patterns in the insular cortex.

Methods—

Resting state–functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from patients with insular stroke, patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and healthy controls. Data from the 3 groups were assessed through a correlation function analysis. Specifically, we compared decreases in connectivity as a function of voxel Euclidean distance within the insular cortex.

Results—

Relative to controls, patients with stroke showed faster connectivity decays as a function of distance (hypoconnectivity). In contrast, the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia group exhibited significant hyperconnectivity between neighboring voxels. Both patient groups evinced global hypoconnectivity. No between-group differences were observed in a volumetrically and functionally comparable region without ischemia or neurodegeneration.

Conclusions—

Functional insular cortex connectivity is affected differently by cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration, possibly because of differences in the cause-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of each disease. These findings have important clinical and theoretical implications.
The nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 (Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) shows an additional cell layer
Authors: Francisco Annelise , Nocelli Roberta C.F. , Fontanetti Carmem S.
Published: July 2015

This study presents a morphological description of the central nervous system of the neotropical millipedeGymnostreptus olivaceusand the first report of an outer cell layer surrounding the nervous system in Diplopoda. The nervous system of this species consists of a brain formed by the fusion of proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum, as well as a ventral nerve cord with metamerically arranged ganglia that extends through the entire length of the animal’s body. The optic lobes, mushroom bodies and olfactory glomeruli of this species were located and described. As has been reported for other millipedes, the nervous system ofG. olivaceuscomprises a cortical layer in which three types of neurons could be identified and an inner region of neuropil, both of which are wrapped and protected by a perineurium and a neural lamella. However, more externally to the neural lamella, there is a discontinuous and irregular outer cell sheath layer containing distinctive cells whose function appears to be linked to the nutrition and protection of neurons.
Division of parental duties confirms a need for bi-parental care in a precocial bird, the mute swan Cygnus olor
Authors: Włodarczyk Radosław , Minias Piotr
Published: July 2015

Parental investment is much reduced in precocial species when compared with altricial species, which may explain a predominance of uni-parental care in this group of birds. In precocial wildfowl, bi-parental care is mostly restricted to arctic-breeding species, where the short reproductive season forces mates to cooperate in caring for the young, but a temperate breeding mute swanCygnus oloris one of the few notable exceptions. In order to explain a need for bi-parental care in this species, we collected data on the time-budget of eleven swan breeding pairs from a Central European population. We found sex-related differences in the mean time allocated to incubation, movement, feeding, resting and aggression. Others behaviours (nest maintenance, alert and comfort) changed along the breeding season, but did not differ between sexes. Females were primarily responsible for providing care to the brood, whereas male activity focused on territory defence and family guarding. Females were exclusively responsible for incubation and they covered 85% of the total time allocated by parents to feeding cygnets. Nearly constant incubation in females limited possibilities for other activities, including foraging. Males allocated significantly more time than females to aggressive interactions, directed mainly towards other breeding pairs and non-breeders. A clear division of parental duties between sexes gave empirical support for the presence of bi-parental care in the mute swan, despite the fact that reproductive activities of this species are not constrained by the short length of the breeding season, as in arctic-breeding wildfowl.
Functional morphology of the esophagus of the tropical house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Rodrigues-Sartori Sirlene Souza , Nogueira Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho , Albano Araújo Vinícius , Neves Clóvis Andrade
Published: July 2015

In order to understand the biology of species that easily establish themselves in new environments, morphological studies are essential. This study aimed to describe the esophageal functional morphology ofHemidactylus mabouia, indicating adaptations to food habits. Seventeen adult specimens were used for anatomical, topological, histological, and histochemical analyses. Histological sections were stained with toluidine blue or submitted to techniques for identification of argyrophil and argentaffin endocrine cells, proteins, and glycoconjugates. The esophagus ofH. mabouiais a tubular straight-lined organ, and its anterior portion is dilated, facilitating the swallowing of whole prey. The esophageal epithelium is pseudostratified, containing cells secreting neutral and acid mucins. At the esophagogastric transition, we found a mixture of this epithelium with a simple prismatic epithelium secreting neutral mucins. The esophagus lamina propria is thin and non-glandular. At the esophagogastric transition it becomes thick and filled by branched simple acinous glands, with cells secreting neutral mucins, zymogenic cells, and argentaffin endocrine cells, with no argyrophil cells. The mucins protect the esophageal mucosa and lubricate the channel to facilitate the passage of food, while pepsinogen in the stomach increases the levels of pepsin for proteolytic digestion. The muscular tunica is made up of smooth muscle cells. Ciliary action, in addition to muscle contractions, facilitates the swallowing of small prey.
Size-defined morphotypes in Zoanthus (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) populations on shores in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: RYLAND JOHN S.
Published: July 2015

Colonial zoanthids are a conspicuous feature of the subtropical rocky intertidal in KwaZulu-Natal but those of the genus Zoanthus have a confused taxonomy with 10, difficult to separate, nominal species described from the region. This paper presents an analysis of polyp size, measured as mean diameter determined photographically from the number of polyps occupying an area of 6 × 4 cm2. The results, based on diameter frequency of 127 samples from five shores, indicate three populations (morphotypes) with means of 4.3 (SD ±0.53), 5.7 (SD ±0.70) and 8.4 (SD ±0.58) mm occurring in the approximate abundance ratios of 10:5:1, possibly corresponding to Zoanthus sansibaricus, Z. natalensis and Z. lawrencei. The underlying assumptions with regard to population structure (the number, size and degree of fragmentation of clones) and the normality of data are discussed, as are trans-oceanic larval dispersal, recruitment, and genetic connectivity. The essential, traditional species description in Zoanthus, using internal morphology, on its own may be an inadequate discriminator of species. The status of the few possibly valid species is discussed in relation to the present results and recent studies based on the application of molecular genetics. Thorough studies of the population structure (genets and ramets) and a taxonomic approach based on the combined use of morphology, genetic methods and statistically robust, quantitative morphometrics are proposed as a potential way forward.
Description of Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Trischistomatidae) and first record of Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipinska, 1993 (Nematoda: Tripylidae) from Iran
Authors: ASGHARI RAMEZAN , ESKANDARI ALI , MAAFI ZAHRA TANHA , ZHAO ZENG QI , ÁLVAREZ-ORTEGA SERGIO , NADIRKHANLOO MAJID
Published: July 2015

Two populations of the genera Trischistoma and Tripylella were recovered from the rhizosphere of grapevines and mosses growing on alder trees in Zanjan and Guilan provinces, respectively, Iran. The nematodes were identified as Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. and Tripylella intermedia, respectively. Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. is characterized by having females with body length 1069–1322 μm, presence of sparse somatic setae on the sublateral body, absence of ventromedian cervical setae, a distinct dorsal tooth directed anteriorly, absence of post-vulval uterine sac, and tail with one pair of subdorsal caudal setae. Males were not found. Tripylella intermedia is characterised by having females with body length 905–990 μm, annulated cuticle, stoma with two chambers: with dorsal tooth lying in posterior buccal chamber, and one large subventral and one small subventral tooth, respectively lying in posterior and anterior buccal chambers, cardiac glands large, composed of six fused cells, and tail 121–155 μm long, ventrally bent, anterior half broad, then suddenly narrowing, with posterior half tapered narrowly and cylindrically. The phylogenetic relationships of both species were analysed using sequences of the partial small subunit (SSU) and D2/D3 expansion segments of large subunit (partial LSU) of ribosomal RNA genes and are discussed.
Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics Model
Authors: Piasecki Maciej
Published: July 2015

Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics ModelWe present Self-organising Logic of Structures (SLS), a semantic representation language of high expressive power, which was designed for a fully compositional representation of discourse anaphora following the Dynamic Semantics paradigm. The application of SLS to the description of possible meanings of Polish multiple quantifier sentences is discussed. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of: cardinality dependency/independency of Noun Phrase quantifiers and variety of quantification. Semantic representation based on several formal operators is proposed. They can be combined in many different ways, if one takes a purely theoretical perspective. However, in the paper we show that this huge number is practically reduced in the language use and is governed by several constraints motivated by the analysis of Polish language data. The Hypothesis of Local Range of Cardinality Dependency is formulated as an alternative to representations based on quantifier rising technique. SLS provides a multi-layered language description of inter-linked representation of sever antification, reference, presupposition and anaphora.
About Certain Semantic Annotation in Parallel Corpora
Authors: Koseska-Toszewa Violetta
Published: July 2015

About Certain Semantic Annotation in Parallel CorporaThe semantic notation analyzed in this works is contained in the second stream of semantic theories presented here – in the direct approach semantics. We used this stream in our work on the Bulgarian-Polish Contrastive Grammar. Our semantic notation distinguishes quantificational meanings of names and predicates, and indicates aspectual and temporal meanings of verbs. It relies on logical scope-based quantification and on the contemporary theory of processes, known as “Petri nets”. Thanks to it, we can distinguish precisely between a language form and its contents, e.g. a perfective verb form has two meanings: an event or a sequence of events and states, finally ended with an event. An imperfective verb form also has two meanings: a state or a sequence of states and events, finally ended with a state. In turn, names are quantified universally or existentially when they are “undefined”, and uniquely (using the iota operator) when they are “defined”. A fact worth emphasizing is the possibility of quantifying not only names, but also the predicate, and then quantification concerns time and aspect.  This is a novum in elaborating sentence-level semantics in parallel corpora. For this reason, our semantic notation is manual. We are hoping that it will raise the interest of computer scientists working on automatic methods for processing the given natural languages. Semantic annotation defined like in this work will facilitate contrastive studies of natural languages, and this in turn will verify the results of those studies, and will certainly facilitate human and machine translations.
From the Problems of Dictionaries and Multi-lingual Corpora
Authors: Koseska-Toszewa Violetta , Satoła-Staśkowiak Joanna , Sosnowski Wojciech
Published: July 2015

From the Problems of Dictionaries and Multi-lingual CorporaThe article describes the work on a number of dictionaries being developed by the Corpus Linguistics and Semantics Group of the Institute of Slavic PAS. They include “Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary”, “Bulgarian-Polish Online Dictionary” and “Russian-Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary”. The dictionaries differ in the numbers of entries, as well as in the different degrees of their connection with parallel corpora being elaborated under the “Clarin” project. All the discussed dictionaries are similar with respect to their use of traditional, syntactic classifiers and of semantic classifiers, introduced for the first time in the existing lexicographical practice. Thanks to the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian Corpus”, the Group has managed to verify the results of contrasting Polish and Bulgarian in the light of scope-based logical quantification. Thanks to the Russian material added to the trilingual corpus, the researchers have managed to confirm the fact that from the viewpoint of “incomplete quantification” Russian and Polish (synthetic languages) behave similarly, and are opposed to the analytic Bulgarian.
Formalizing the Process of Constructing Chains of Lexical Units
Authors: Chetverikov Grigorij , Vechirska Iryna
Published: July 2015

Formalizing the Process of Constructing Chains of Lexical UnitsThe paper investigates mathematical aspects of describing the construction of chains of lexical units on the basis of finite-predicate algebra. Analyzing the construction peculiarities is carried out and application of the method of finding the power of linear logical transformation for removing characteristic words of a dictionary entry is given. Analysis and perspectives of the results of the study are provided.
An Analysis of the WAR AGAINST THE DISEASE-metaphor in Selected 2011 Presidential Speeches of Felipe Calderon with the Application of the Neural Theory of Metaphor
Authors: Pluwak Agnieszka
Published: July 2015

An Analysis of the WAR AGAINST THE DISEASE-metaphor in Selected 2011 Presidential Speeches of Felipe Calderon with the Application of the Neural Theory of MetaphorThe following paper describes the background of the neural theory of language by Jerome Feldman and provides a set of related research tools by George Lakoff. It also offers an example of its application to metaphor analysis based on 2011–2012 speeches by the Mexican President, Felipe Calderon. A complex WAR AGAINST THE DISEASE-metaphor is decomposed and explained with respect to cognitive patterns involved. In its envoy, the article goes back to a famous linguistic question, whether one can judge from linguistic research onto the mental and neural processes involved in language creation and processing. It is also an attempt to indicate possible future directions in the interdisciplinary field of metaphor research.
Interpretation of Ukrainian and Polish Adverbial Word Equivalents Form and Meaning Interaction in National Explanatory Lexicography
Authors: Luchyk Alla
Published: July 2015

Interpretation of Ukrainian and Polish Adverbial Word Equivalents Form and Meaning Interaction in National Explanatory LexicographyThe article proves the necessity and possibility of compiling dictionaries with intermediate existence status glossary units, to which the word equivalents belong. In order to form the Ukrainian-Polish dictionary glossary of this type the form and meaning analysis of Ukrainian and Polish word equivalents is done, the common and distinctive features of these language system elements are described, the compiling principles of such dictionary are clarified.
O zastosowaniach "Eksperymentalnego korpusu polsko-litewskiego" w badaniach nad polszczyzną współczesną oraz w teoretycznych polsko-litewskich badaniach konfrontatywnych
Authors: Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman
Published: July 2015

Applications of the experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus /EkorpPL-LT/ in research on the contemporary Polish language and in theoretical Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studiesThe experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus is an extended tool put into effect at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, first of all with a view to contrastive studies and the structure of the planned Polish-Lithuanian electronic dictionary. The potential recipients of EKorpPL-LT (obviously apart from linguists) can comprise computer specialists (dealing with computer processing of a language), literary scholars, library science specialists, pedagogues, educationalists, teachers, translators, students. Bi- and multilingual corpora are irreplaceable and indispensable in the process of studying a foreign language.In the article, basing on the examples of several problems, possible ways to apply EKorpPL-LT have been presented. During the experiments carried out it turned out that the parallel corpus is not only an excellent tool for comparison and contrast, but also an instrument allowing to look at every language from a different perspective. Without the perspective it would not be possible to say much about Polish and Lithuanian indicative pronouns, indefinite determiners, dual forms or the vocative case. If it were not for the information based on corpora resources, nobody would be aware that the language of Polish instructions of convenience appliances is not only a commercial effect, but above all an element of the state’s concern for the Polish language.
Rozwój i zainteresowania badawcze chorwackiej frazeologii
Authors: Koncewicz-Dziduch Edyta
Published: July 2015

Research interests and progression of Croatian phraseologyThe article examines the progression of phraseology research in Croatia. First researches started in the Nineteen Seventies. A. Menac, J. Matešić, Ž. Fink-Arsovski made the largest contribution to the Croatian phraseology as authors of phrasebooks and many dissertations. Nowadays studies are conducted by the members of Phraseology School of Zagreb. The article shows their achievements from creation to the present day in the following areas: dialect phraseology, history of phraseology, theory of (theoretical) phraseology, comparative phraseology, synchronous phraseology and lexicography.
Europski uzori i hrvatski jezični priručnici u 18. stoljeću
Authors: Košutar Petra
Published: July 2015

European models for the Croatian language handbooks in the 18th centuryUntil the 19th century Croatian language handbooks, namely grammars, dictionaries and ortography books, were mostly bilingual and multilingual. Only at the begining of the 19th century was the first grammar of Croatian written in Croatian published, and in the second half of the same century the first monolingual dictionary – Academy’s Dictionary was published. The origin of this is not in the language itself. When writing these multilanguage handbooks, the authors followed domestic predecessors, as well as foreign. This work is an attempt to reveal those foreign language models that Croatian linguists in the 18th century followed and on the example of one metalexicographic theme – usage labels – to show development of Croatian 18th century lexicography within the European lexicography.
Цигулка, гъдулка… i inne nazwy ‘skrzypiec’ w języku bułgarskim (w porównaniu z pozostałymi językami słowiańskimi)
Authors: Rusek Zbigniew
Published: July 2015

Цигулка, гъдулка… and other names for ‘violin, fiddle’ in Bulgarian (in comparison to other Slavonic languages)This paper analyses names for ‘violin’ in Bulgarian, examined against a Slavonic background. A broader approach has been taken to these names, because the article concerns not only the “classic” violin, but also the folk instruments (fiddles), which have different names in Bulgarian (and other Slavonic languages): цигулка, гъдулка, гусла, кемане, лаута, виолина, гънилка, виулица. These names are described from the semantic, derivational and etymological point of view. The noun цигулка, the basic name of ‘violin’, occurs only in Bulgarian and it is unknown in other Slavonic languages, although there are documented derivatives in Serbo-Croatian. The noun кемане ‘violin’, from Turkish, also occurs in Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian and other languages belonging to the Balkan league. The second part of the papers is devoted to the names for ‘violin’ in other Slavonic languages. Some names, extant only in some of the Slavonic languages, are derived from an onomatopoeic stem (Bulg. цигулка, Pol. skrzypce, East-Slavonic скрипка). Most of the Slavonic languages have a noun derived from gǫsli, a Common Slavic ancestor, but in some Slavonic languages (Czech, Slovak, and Sorabic) this word now means the classic violin, while in others it means ‘fiddle’ (comp. Pol. gęśle, Bulg. гусла), and in the Eastern Slavonic languages and Old Church Slavonic it means a ‘plucked string instrument’ ‘a kind of lute’. In Serbo-Croatian it means both the classic violin and primitive fiddle. Polabian has its own name form ‘violin’ gigléikia, which comes from German.
Rec.: Maciej Czerwiński, Semioza gatunku – semioza stylu. Studium nad chorwacką i serbską syntezą dziejów narodu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2011, 137 ss.; Maciej Czerwiński, Semantyka dyskursu historycznego. Chorwackie i serbskie s
Authors: Molas Jerzy
Published: July 2015

Rec.: Maciej Czerwiński, Semioza gatunku – semioza stylu. Studium nad chorwacką i serbską syntezą dziejów narodu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2011, 137 ss.; Maciej Czerwiński, Semantyka dyskursu historycznego. Chorwackie i serbskie syntezy dziejów narodu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2012, 290 ss.
Nie mogę być kapłanem Boga dzielnicowego. Z ks. Wojciechem Lemańskim rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir i Michał Pawilno-Pacewicz
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna , Pawilno-Pacewicz Michał
Published: July 2015

„I cannot be a priest of a district God.” An interview with Rev. Wojciech Lemański by Joanna Tokarska-Bakir and Michał Pawilno-PacewiczOver the past few years the Polish media have informed about disagreements between Rev. Wojciech Lemański and the Polish Catholic Church hierarchy. In the interview in 2013, Rev. Wojciech Lemański told us about the reasons of his conflict and persecutions within the Catholic Church in Poland, as well as about major reasons of contemporary Christian anti-Semitism. Moreover, in the interview he explains how to cope with it and how the Catholic Church could commemorate the Shoah. Nie mogę być kapłanem Boga dzielnicowego. Z ks. Wojciechem Lemańskim rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir i Michał Pawilno-PacewiczOd kilku lat polskie media relacjonują kłopoty księdza Wojciecha Lemańskiego z jego przełożo­nymi. W wywiadzie udzielonym czasopismu „Studia Litteraria et Historica” w 2013 roku ks. Lemański opo­wiada o przyczynach jego szykanowania w łonie Kościoła, a także o tym, jakie są przyczyny współczesnego antysemityzmu chrześcijańskiego, jak go przepracowywać i w jaki sposób Kościół katolicki może włączać się w upamiętnianie Zagłady.
Przemoc i religia. Bluźnierstwo w islamie w przekazach polskich portali internetowych
Authors: Popow Monika
Published: July 2015

Violence and religion. Blasphemy in Islam presented on Polish web portals The aim of the paper is to analyse the representations of blasphemy in Islam presented on popular Polish web portals. Critical Discourse Analysis was applied. The analysis included representations of the bla­sphemy cases and of the accused, both male and female. The analysed material was interpreted in the light of Judith Butler theory and postcolonial theory. Przemoc i religia. Bluźnierstwo w islamie w przekazach polskich portali internetowychCelem niniejszego tekstu jest analiza wizerunku bluźnierstwa w islamie prezentowanego na po­pularnych polskich portalach internetowych. Autorka zastosowała krytyczną analizę dyskursu. Analizowała przypadki bluźnierstw i oskarżonych o bluźnierstwo kobiet i mężczyzn. Materiał zinterpretowała przy pomocy teorii Judith Butler oraz teorii postkolonialnej.
Kilkanaście sekund. Z Konstantym Gebertem rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka i Anna Zawadzka
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna , Janicka Elżbieta , Zawadzka Anna
Published: July 2015

A few seconds. Konstanty Gebert in a conversation with Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka and Anna ZawadzkaIn 2012–2013, Poland was discussing ritual slaughter. Its adversaries claimed that the kind of animal slaughtering that makes the animal meat kosher and halal, causes extra suffering to animals and therefore should be banned. However, the postulate of banning ritual slaughter in Poland is not new and it goes back to the pre-war period. In the Studia Litteraria et Historica’s interview Konstanty Gebert talks about the history of Polish debate on the ritual slaughter, its anti-Semitic applications and about not an­ti-Semitic arguments risen in the discussion. He describes legal solutions for the ritual slaughter in other countries and addresses the issue of animal killing as a moral problem in Judaism. He also discusses the contemporary debate on the ritual slaughter: is it really in the name of the animal rights? Kilkanaście sekund. Z Konstantym Gebertem rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka i Anna ZawadzkaW latach 2012–2013 przez Polskę przetoczyła się dyskusja o uboju rytualnym. Jego przeciwnicy argumentowali, że taki sposób zabijania zwierząt, by mięso z ich ciał było koszerne i halal, przysparza zwie­rzętom dodatkowych cierpień, dlatego powinien być zakazany. Jednak postulat, by zakazać uboju rytualnego, nie jest w Polsce niczym nowym. Jego tradycja sięga okresu przedwojennego. W wywiadzie dla czasopisma „Studia Litteraria et Historica” Konstanty Gebert opowiada m.in. o historii polskiej debaty na temat uboju rytualnego, o antysemickich z niej użytkach i o nieantysemickich argumentach w niej podnoszonych, o roz­wiązaniach prawnych dotyczących uboju rytualnego w innych krajach, a także o zabijaniu zwierząt jako problemie moralnym w obrębie judaizmu. Zastanawia się także, czy współczesna debata o uboju rytualnym jest faktycznie w interesie zwierząt.
The struggle of Fortinbras and Horatio in Romania: removal and re-collection of the communist past in Romanian museums
Authors: Ploscariu Iemima D.
Published: July 2015

The struggle of Fortinbras and Horatio in Romania: removal and re-collection of the communist past in Romanian museumsOver twenty years after the dismantling of communist regimes began in Central and Eastern Europe, the governments and people in these former Soviet bloc countries are faced with varying and often opposing ways to approach and present the communist past. Focusing on post-1989 museums in Romania, especially the Sighet Museum in Sighetul Marmaţiei and the Romanian Peasant Museum in Bucharest, the article will examine three themes that appear in museum exhibitions of Romanian communist history: the marginalization of the communist past, the victimization of a nation, and the need by curators to “rescue memory.” these approaches to the communist past leave a great deal out. Limited and biased portraits hinder a healthy coming to terms with the past initially intended by these institutions in Romania and similar institutions across Central and Eastern Europe. However, some attempts have been made to bring in more voices and face the past on its own terms apart from the political motivation or desires for retribution, which often motivate the current interpretation of the past. Walka Fortynbrasa z Horacym w Rumunii: likwidacja i ponowne przypomnienie komunistycznej przeszłości w rumuńskich muzeachPo ponad 20 latach od chwili, gdy zaczęły się rozpadać komunistyczne reżimy w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, rządy i społeczeństwa byłych krajów bloku sowieckiego doświadczają odmiennych, często przeciwstawnych podejść do komunistycznej przeszłości i sposobów jej przedstawiania. Skupiając swą uwagę na muzeach w Rumunii po roku 1989, zwłaszcza Miejscu Pamięci Ofiar Komunizmu i Ruchu Oporu w Sighetu Marmaţiei (Syhot Marmaroski) oraz Muzeum Chłopstwa Rumuńskiego w Bukareszcie, autorka niniejszego artykułu analizuje trzy zagadnienia, które przewijają się w muzealnych ekspozycjach poświęconych dziejom Rumunii w czasach komunistycznych; są to: marginalizacja komunistycznej przeszłości, wiktymizacja narodu i potrzeba „ocalenia pamięci” przez kustoszy. Powyższe podejścia do komunistycznej przeszłości ignorują wiele kwestii. Niepełny i tendencyjny obraz opóźnia zatem dojście do ładu z przeszłością na zdroworozsądkowych zasadach, co w myśl początkowych założeń miało w Rumunii nastąpić dzięki muzeom, jak też dzięki podobnym placówkom w całej Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Jednakże podejmowane są wciąż nowe próby, aby dopuścić do głosu więcej różnych opinii i stawić czoło przeszłości niezależnie od motywacji politycznych bądź dążenia do zemsty, które często stoją za bieżącymi interpretacjami przeszłości.
Globalna ekumena popnacjonalizmu
Authors: Burszta Wojciech Józef
Published: July 2015

Global ecumene of pop nationalismThe aim of the article is to examine the contemporary phenomenon of pop nationalism, understood as a special form of ethno-nationalist emotions and attitudes which are clearly visible in the realm of sports competition. The author points to paradoxes hiding behind the globalization, professionalization and market orientation of this domain. The so-called hegemonic disciplines of sports (such as football, hockey, basket ball) are now – despite the cosmopolitan orientation of sports competition – the main source of national identification, seen as unique “wars of nations in a time of peace.” The more global sport is made, the more national identity is emphasized as an indispensable component of the logic of such a competition. In the essay, the author aims to reconstruct ways of creating a similar global ecumene of pop nationalism, as well as to analyze various specific situations and symbolic forms in which people create their own national identities, for example those that accompanied the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship (commonly referred to as Euro 2012), hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine.
Tak zwani „tutejsi” na Polesiu jako zagadnienie polityczne w Polsce w latach 1921–1939
Authors: Cichoracki Piotr
Published: July 2015

So-called ‘tutejsi’ in Polesia as a political issue in Poland, 1921–1939This article is an attempt to present the problem of repercussions of the assumption made in the Second Polish Republic that in Polesia there was a compact several hundred thousand group of people that do not have a modern national consciousness. In the interwar period this group was commonly referred to as ‘tutejsi.’ The issue is examined from three perspectives. The first is to reconstruct the position taken in this case by the Polish science, especially the authors gathered around the Institute for Nationalities Affairs (Instytut Badań Spraw Narodowościowych). The second part of the article presents opinions functioning about so-called ‘tutejsi’ in the Polish public opinion. The difference between points of view arising in the 1920s and ’30s is exposed here. The third part focuses on the actions taken by the Polish authorities. In the first half of the ’20s an assumption was formulated that in Polesia this group was dominant, therefore actions must be taken for its Polonization. After the military coup in 1926, the existence of ‘tutejsi’ was to a large extent disputed. The authorities stated that Polesia was populated mainly by Belarusians and Ukrainians. The reversal of this policy dates back to the early 1930s. The theory of the existence of ‘tutejsi’ – and at the same time their domination in Polesia – returned. It was believed they should be not only subject to Polonization, but also that they are particularly susceptible to it.
„Katastrofa materialna” we wspomnieniach przedstawicielek polskiej arystokracji i ziemiaństwa z Kresów
Authors: Okupnik Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

“Material catastrophe” in the memories of three women – members of the Polish aristocracy and landed gentry from the Polish Eastern BorderlandsHistory has treated cruelly the families of landed gentry and aristocracy who lived in the Polish Eastern Borderland – the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic (Kresy). This essay focuses on memories of women, members of the Polish aristocracy and landed gentry from the kresy, published in the following books: “We and Our Homes” (My i nasze Siedliska) by Matylda née Windisch-Graetz Sapieżyna, “Times, Places, People. Memories from the Eastern Borderlands, 1893-1946” (Czasy, miejsca, ludzie. Wspomnienia z Kresów Wschodnich 1893-1946) by Helena née Jaczynowska Rothowa, and ”My Life, My Times” (Moje życie, mój czas) by Maria née Zdziechowska Sapieżyna. Their memories are not a full historical picture including the complex political and historic context, instead they concentrate on the precise fates of their families in the kresy (though their presence there was called, not without a reason, a kind of ‘colonization’). The three authoresses present themselves as victims of great politics and changes happening beyond their control. Thus, these three (auto)biographical narrations enter the canon of literature about the eastern frontier and correspond with the canon of ‘the esthetics of loss.’ the analysis demonstrates that in all the books under consideration particular attention has been devoted to the material sphere of everyday life because the female biographers wanted to describe their world in the Kresy in detail and at the same time show how much they had lost.
Inteligenckie biografie na Białorusi. Studium przypadku
Authors: Mamul Natalia
Published: July 2015

Intelligentsia biographies in Belarus. A case studyDrawing on a case study from the body of empirical research which includes 30 narrative interviews conducted using Fritz Schuetze’s biographical method with male and female residents of Belarus, the author explores the process of Belarusian identity formation of a Belarusian-speaking dissenting intellectual. The case study is drawn from the author’s research into the ways in which Belarusian-speaking intellectuals (the group locating itself in opposition to the establishment by the very recourse to the literary Belarusian language of instruction and everyday life as well as other dissenting identity markers) conceptualize and hone their national identity. One can trace the path towards fully-fledged Belarusian identity which unrolls via turning points, thanks to significant others through participation in intelligentsia circles. One of the membership rules in the social world of intelligentsia is the use of the high-profile Belarusian language. The interpretive analysis is set against the backdrop of the socio-linguistic situation in contemporary Belarus with its authoritarian regime, advanced Russification, contested memory field, restrained memory work and conflicting historical and national discourses.
Przemiany narodowościowo-językowe ludności Białorusi na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Eberhardt Piotr
Published: July 2015

Ethnic and linguistic changes of the Belarusian population at the turn of the 21th centuryThe first part of the article presents historical background of the origin of the Belarusian nation, located in the area of a confrontation between Russia and Poland. This rivalry was won by Russia, and in effect Belarusian land was incorporated into the Russian Empire, and later into the Soviet state. The next part presents the 20th century ethnic structure as the consequence of the Bolshevik Revolution and World Wars I and II, resulting in some border changes, war loses and migration movements. The main part of the article deals with the ethnic and language changes which occurred in the last decade of the 20th and in the first decade of the 21st centuries. The statistical analysis and interpretation is based on data from three population censuses (1989, 1999, 2009). An ethnic structure and linguistic situation are presented with the emphasis placed on the status of the two languages commonly used in Belarus, i.e. Russian and Belarusian, as seen in two categories: of mother language and of the language used for communication at home. The conclusions prove the expansion of popularity of the Russian language and gradual decrease of the use of the Belarusian language, both in public and at home. The processes of Russification, which had begun in the Soviet period, are intensifying despite the fact that Belarus regained its political souverianity as a country. On the basis of quantitative data the author defines specific intensity and territorial distribution of the influence of the Russian language. The final part of the article shows political and geo-political consequences of these changes in Belarus.
Kaszubski dyskurs narodowościowy – spojrzenie antropologiczne
Authors: Dołowy-Rybińska Nicole
Published: July 2015

Kashubian national discourse – an anthropological viewpointAn animated discussion concerning the status of the Kashubs is at present ongoing in Kashubia. In 2005, the Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and the Regional Language was passed in Poland and Kashubian gained the status of a regional language within Poland but Kashubs were not recognized as a distinct group. Following the 2011 Census, the Association of People of Kashubian Nationality, Kaszëbskô Jednota, was created. The Association considers Kashubs to be a nation and is striving to change the Kashub status to that of an ethnic minority. The Kashubian–Pomeranian Association which until now was the only institutional representative of Kashubs does not recognize the Kaszëbskô Jednota aspirations and they consider that Kashubs have a double Polish and Kashubian identity. Both organizations are trying to convince as many people as possible to support their arguments. Meanwhile in Kashubia there are numerous cultural and political movements which influence the Kashubian identity. This article is an analysis of the Kashubian national discourse based on socio-scientific texts and Kaszëbskô Jednota information documents, media sources and interviews with young Kashubs engaged in the movement. This analysis confirms that the Kashubian identity is changing and the discussions underline different perceptions of the role which Kashubs should have in Poland.
Nacjonalizm czy nacjonalizmy? – funkcja wartości chrześcijańskich, świeckich i neopogańskich w kształtowaniu idei nacjonalistycznych, red. Bogumił Grott, Kraków 2006, Wyd. Nomos, ss. 424. Różne oblicza nacjonalizmów: polityka – religia – etos, red. Bogumił Grott, Kraków 2010, Wyd. Nomos, ss. 613. Nacjonalizmy różnych narodów: perspektywa politologiczno- -religioznawcza, red. Bogumił i Olgierd Grott, Wyd. Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2012, ss. 595.
Authors: Bator Wiesław
Published: July 2015

Recenzja/Review