bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Going Green: The Process of Lifestyle Change1
Authors: Lorenzen Janet A.
Published: February 2012

This article draws on 40 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of three groups of people who restrict their consumption in various ways: voluntary simplifiers, religious environmentalists, and green home owners. I identify common patterns in the emergence of green lifestyles across all groups. Green practices are not isolated decisions or actions, but components in an ongoing project. As a result, green lifestyles are often experienced as both a work in progress and a provisionally coherent life narrative. Furthermore, I explore bricolage, the cobbling together of resources at hand by nonexperts, as a mechanism for lifestyle change and expand the concept to include environmental practices and themes. I adopt a pragmatist perspective to understand lifestyle change as a deliberate process undertaken in response to a problem left underaddressed by current policies and practices. This article also weighs in on the debate in the sociology of culture over how culture influences action.
“Call to Home?” Race, Region, and Migration to the U.S. South, 1970–20001
Authors: Hunt Matthew O. , Hunt Larry L. , Falk William W.
Published: February 2012

This research examines recent migration patterns of native‐born blacks and whites to the U.S. South. Our primary research questions concern race and regional migration dynamics, and whether new insights into such can be gleaned by comparing migrants to the South with persons moving within the non‐South. Using samples of 1970–2000 census data, we focus on race differences in the tendency to choose the South as a migration destination, and whether whites and blacks differ in key selection mechanisms shaping movement to different regional destinations. We observe increasing rates of black (compared to white) migration to the South. Additionally, patterns of selectivity within this growing African‐American migration stream are especially dramatic when southern migrants are compared to persons moving within the non‐South. Our analyses also show that black migrants are targeting particular parts of the South (e.g., states where blacks are a larger share of the population), suggesting that future research should disaggregate the “Census South” region to provide a more comprehensive picture of contemporary interregional migration in the United States.
Suicide as Social Control1
Authors: Manning Jason
Published: February 2012

Suicide may be moralistic in nature—a response to conduct the perpetrator defines as deviant. Moralistic suicide can be explained with a general theory of social control. Donald Black’s theories of social control explain the handling of grievances with their social structure—or geometry—as defined by the social characteristics and relationships of those involved in a conflict. Here I draw on Black’s paradigm of pure sociology and theories of social control to identify the social structure of moralistic suicide. For example, moralistic suicide varies directly with social closeness and is greater in an upward direction than in a downward direction. This theory is simple, general, testable, and explains variation not addressed by previous theories of suicide.
How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States
Authors: Lamont Michèle
Published: February 2012

The essay discusses the impact of Bourdieu on modern U.S. sociology. Specifically, I offer five observations about the reception and adoption of Bourdieu by U.S. sociologists from the perspective of someone who was involved in the process I describe as an active but not fully invested participant.
Generational Differences in Accounts of the Development of U.S. Cultural Sociology—Let Me Count the Ways: Response to Lizardo’s and Mische’s Comments
Authors: Lamont Michèle
Published: February 2012

This essay provides a response to comments offered by Omar

Lizardo (2011)

and Ann

Mische (2011)

with reference to my piece “How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States” (

Lamont, 2011

). All essays appear in this issue.
Comparison of Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione in the Bread‐Making Qualities of Rice Batter
Authors: Yano Hiroyuki
Published: February 2012

Abstract:  The demand for gluten‐free bread is growing as the recognition of celiac disease and wheat allergy has increased worldwide. In our previous study, reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to improve the gas‐retaining properties of rice batter used for gluten‐free bread. In this article, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was shown to have the same effect. Moreover, sensory tests revealed that GSSG bread had a significantly reduced sulfurous odor. Analyses by a gas chromatography‐flame photometric detector demonstrated the presence of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan in the headspace of GSH bread, and also their significant reduction in GSSG bread. The viscoelastic properties and microstructures of GSSG and GSH bread did not noticeably differ. These observations suggest the usefulness of GSSG in making gluten‐free rice bread and extend our knowledge of the use of glutathione in food processing.

Practical Application:  Glutathione, a widely‐distributed peptide in cells, improves the bread‐making quality of gluten‐free rice batter. While both the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione are effective, GSSG‐bread has significantly reduced sulfurous odor compared to GSH‐bread.
Plant genera and species new to China recently found in northwest Xinjiang
Authors: German Dmitry A. , Chen Wen‐Li , Smirnov Sergey V. , Liu Bing , Kutzev Maxim G. , Wang Jian , Shmakov Alexander I. , Kamelin Rudolph V.
Published: February 2012

Two genera new to China, Fibigia and Pachyneurum and 10 species found in China for the first time, Puccinellia kalininae, Stellaria pulvinata, Nanophyton mongolicum, Capsella orienalis, Pachyneurum grandiflorum, Fibigia spathulata, Craniospermum tuvinicum, Euphrasia schischkinii, E. syreitschikovii, Veronica schmakovii along with 3 species previously unknown in Xinjiang, Rorippa indica, Acalypha australis, and Phalaris canariensis, found in northwest Xinjiang are reported. In addition, the distribution of two species in China is corrected: Lepidium densiflorum is firstly reported for Nei Mongol while the occurrence of Draba sibirica in Gansu is not confirmed. Results of floristic studies by the Chinese–Russian Altai expedition during 2004–2007 are also summarized including 34 species and 1 subspecies revealed as new for China; 7 species confirmed to occur in China; one genus and 5 species not confirmed for China, as well as a number of new records for various provinces, mostly Xinjiang.
Burmannia bengkuluensis sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae) from Sumatra
Authors: Tsukaya Hirokazu , Darnaedi Dedy
Published: February 2012

A new species of Burmannia (Burmanniaceae), Burmannia bengkuluensis Tsukaya et Daernadi, discovered in a swamp adjacent to Bengkulu Airport, Sumatra, Indonesia, is described. It has poorly developed photosynthetic leaves and resembles B. ledermannii Jonker, described from a specimen collected in Palau, in having poorly developed leaves, narrowly 3‐winged erect flowers, and in particular, funnel‐shaped anthers, but differs in having dark purple flowers, longer outer perianth lobes, well‐developed, fan‐shaped inner perianth lobes, and a thick and short style. Sequence data on genomic DNA regions covering ITS1 and ITS2 are also provided.
Non‐viral gene transfer: Applications in developmental biology and gene therapy
Authors: Abdallah Bassima , Sachs Laurent , Demeneix Barbara A
Published: February 2012

Summary— The main limitation of non‐viral gene transfer methods is their relatively low efficiency in vivo. However, a number of approaches can be taken to improve their performances, whether the aim is studying gene function during development or employing these techniques for gene therapy. Three non‐viral delivery systems that we have been particularly involved in in developing are described: the cationic lipid, dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine (DOGS), the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) and free DNA. The application of each of these methods to different in vivo situations is presented: the use of DOGS for transfecting embryos and the developing mammalian nervous system; the recent application of PEI to the nervous system; and how naked DNA can be employed for transfecting different muscles and brain. The relative efficiencies are compared on the basis of luciferase reporter gene expression assessed in each tissue with the most appropriate vector system. Finally, the perspectives for constructing composite vectors combining safety and efficiency are considered briefly.
Response to denervation of rabbit soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Time‐course study of postnatal changes in myosin isoforms, fiber types, and contractile properties
Authors: d'Albis Anne , Couteaux René , Goubel Francis , Janmot Chantal , Mira Jean‐Claude
Published: February 2012

Summary— In contrast to general belief, the response of rabbit muscles to denervation is maturation to slow‐like type muscles [7]. We report now an investigation by biochemical, morphological, and mechanical studies of the time course effects of muscle denervation on the slow‐type soleus and fast‐type gastrocnemius to help clucidate the mechanism of maturation of rabbit denervated muscles to slow‐like muscles. In both muscles, denervation induced selective progressive atrophy of most fast fibers and hypertrophy of many slow fibers which displayed wide Z‐lines; this was accompanied by the appearance of hybrid LC1F‐ and LC1E‐associated slow myosins. The percentage of slow myosins increased with age similarly in the contralateral and denervated soleus. On the other hand, the percentage of slow myosins remained low in the contralateral gastrocnemius, whereas it increased to 95% in the denervated gastrocnemius; in the denervated gastrocnemius, the percentage of slow myosins reached 50% at about 35 days postnatal. At this age, the maximal shortening velocity of the denervated gastrocnemius and its twitch contraction time were already those of a slow‐type muscle. This suggests that in addition to myosin, other proteins contributed to the mechanical properties of the denervated gastrocnemius. Transformation of rabbit denervated muscles to slow‐like type muscles, which are associated with a lower energy requirement and higher muscle endurance than fast‐type muscles, may constitute an adequate model for human neuromuscular pathology.
The loss of contact inhibition and anchorage‐dependent growth are key steps in the acquisition of Listeria monocytogenes susceptibility phenotype by non‐phagocytic cells
Authors: Velge Philippe , Kaeffer Bertrand , Bottreau Elisabeth , Van Langendonck Nathalie
Published: February 2012

Summary— We have previously demonstrated that intestinal and kidney finite cell lines were resistant to L monocytogenes invasion (ie allowed low bacterial entry and no intracellular multiplication) in contrast to the continuous cell lines which were susceptible to Listeria invasion (ie allowed high bacterial entry and intracellular multiplication) (Velge et al (1994a) Med Microbial Immunol 183, 145). The aim of this study was to discover whether epigenetic or genetic cellular modifications could convert L monocytogenes resistant cells into a susceptible phenotype and to determine the cellular steps involved in Listeria susceptibility. Among the 5‐azacytidine treated finite cell lines, the untransformed immortal cell lines established remained resistant to L monocytogenes invasion whereas the weakly transformed continuous cell lines established were converted into a susceptible phenotype. Transfection of resistant cells by SV40 large T antigen induced only highly transformed continuous cell lines displaying a susceptible phenotype. Taken together these data show that cell transformation enhanced Listeria invasion. This conclusion was supported by the observation that L monocytogenes was able to induce cell foci within murine finite cell monolayers. This morphological cell transformation was completely reversible and required live bacteria inside cells. In conclusion, we may speculate that the L monocytogenes intracellular multiplication observed within cell foci could be explained by the loss of contact inhibition of the finite cell monolayer. Indeed, the loss of both contact inhibition and anchorage‐dependent growth are the key steps involved in the L monocytogenes susceptibility phenotype.
Cyclin B (p56cdc13) localization in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
Authors: Audit Muriel , Barbier Michèle , Soyer‐Gobillard Marie‐Odile , Albert Marie , Géraud Marie‐Line , Nicolas Gisèle , Lenaers Guy
Published: February 2012

Summary— The eucaryote cell cycle is driven by a set of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) associated to cyclins, which confer not only the activity but also the substrate specificity and the proper localization of the kinase activity. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, only one cyclin, the product of the cdc13 gene (p56cdc13), is required to be associated with p34cdc2, to control the complete cell cycle. Earlier studies have localized this complex mainly in the nucleus and its periphery. Using new improved electron microscopy (EM) technologies, based on high pressure freezing fixation, we refined previous studies, evidencing cytoplasmic localization of p56cdc13, in addition to the nuclear localization previously observed. Further immunofluorescence studies, performed on aldehydically fixed cells, confirmed our EM results, emphasizing the major cytoplasmic localization of p56cdc13 in interphase cells and the relocalization towards the nucleus in mitotic cells, suggesting that the S pombe cyclin B localization is cell cycle‐regulated.
Internalization of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to type‐1 plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in endothelial cells: A three‐dimensional reconstruction by confocal microscopy
Authors: Wyroba Elzbieta , Pawlowska Zofia , Kobylanska Anna , Pluskota Elzbieta , Maszewska Maria , Stec Wojciech J , Cierniewski Czeslaw S
Published: February 2012

Summary— A three‐dimensional reconstruction analysis of localization of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense to type‐I plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) mRNA within endothelial cells is described. When EA.hy 926 cells were incubated with fluorescently labelled phosphodiester (PO‐16) or phosphorothioate (PS‐16) oligonucleotides at low, not cytotoxical concentrations, the relative brightness composition of the images of the particular samples was much higher for PS‐16 than PO‐16 and dependent upon the extracellular concentration and the incubation time. The 3‐D reconstructions based on the series of optical sections of the samples, spaced every 1.5gμm, showed the punctuate accumulation of the oligonucleotides and a striking difference in a spatial distribution between PO‐16 and PS‐16 within the cytoplasm. Even after 24 h incubation of endothelial cells with 2.5 μM of PO‐16 and PS‐16 oligonucleotides, there was a predominant oligonucleotide localization within the cytoplasm and only traces of oligonucleotides could be seen in the cell nucleus and/or perinuclear organelles.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker of perisinusoidal stellate cells that can distinguish between the normal and myofibroblast‐like phenotypes
Authors: Buniatian Gayane , Hamprecht Bernd , Gebhardt Rolf
Published: February 2012

Summary— Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has recently been shown to provide a marker for normal perisinusoidal stellate cells (PSC) in the liver. However, nothing was known so far about the changes in the intercellular abundancy of GFAP during transformation of PSC into myofibroblasts, a process characterized by marked changes in the expression of elements of the cytoskeleton. In order to address this question, we have used double‐labelling immunofluorescence techniques for detecting smooth muscle alpha‐actin (SMAA) and the intermediate filament proteins, GFAP, desmin and vimentin, taking advantage of the fact that PSC present in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes proliferate and transform. GFAP and vimentin were expressed in PSC throughout cultivation, while desmin which stained only about half of the PSC in early cultures was expressed in all GFAP‐positive cells later on. The intensity of staining for GFAP in PSC transiently increased till the second day of cultivation followed by a decrease. At the 6th day of cultivation, staining for GFAP was seen only in the perinuclear region and as a faint rim at the contours of the cells. In contrast, SMAA, an established marker for transformed PSC, started to be expressed at the third day. Thereafter, immunoreactivity for SMAA increased continuously, indicating an inverse expression of GFAP and SMAA during transformation. These results indicate that GFAP, due to the plasticity of its expression, can discriminate between the normal untransformed and transformed phenotypes of PSC. Furthermore, they suggest a role of GFAP not only as a reliable marker, but also in the maintenance and/or function of the normal differentiated phenotype of liver PSC.
Differences of microvascular endothelium in the bovine corpus luterum of pregnancy and the corpus luteum of the estrous cycle
Authors: Plendl Johanna , Neumüller Christine , Sinowatz Fred
Published: February 2012

Summary— The purpose of the present study was to investigate potential modulations of endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy. Luteal endothelia of pregnant and non‐pregnant cows were isolated and purity of cultures was verified by flow cytometric quantification of three independent endothelial markers (von Willebrand factor, angiotensin converting enzyme, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I ligands). Different cellular parameters including light and electron microscopical investigation of morphology and growth characteristics as well as quantification of cellular lectin binding sites were compared. Extensive heterogeneity between luteal endothelial cells in pregnant and non‐pregnant animals could be demonstrated, reflected in functional attributes like angiogenic activity, ultrastructural characteristics and the quantitative expression of cellular carbohydrates. Two different morphological types of cells (‘cobblestone growth pattern’ and ‘arcuate growth pattern’) were isolated from the CL of pregnancy as well as from the cyclic CL. Spontaneous angiogenic activities, including cellular migration in band‐like structures and formation of ring‐like structures, were observed in endothelial cells isolated from the CL of pregnant cows exclusively. This strongly suggests that microvascular luteal endothelium of pregnant animals, in contrast to the one of non‐pregnant animals, is able to produce quantitatively and/or qualitatively specific angiogenesis factor(s). Heterogeneity between luteal endothelial cells in the pregnant and non‐pregnant animal could also be demonstrated by quantification of lectin (Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I, concanavalin A, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, wheat germ agglutinin) binding sites: quantitative expression of specific endothelial cell surface carbohydrates could be correlated to be status of pregnancy, thus emphasizing the actual need of quantification of lectin binding.
Morphogenesis of the hydrogenosome: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Benchimol Marlene , Johnson Patricia J , de Souza Wanderley
Published: February 2012

Summary— The morphogenesis of hydrogenosomes in several trichomonad species (Tritrichomonas foetus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas suis, Trichomonas gallinae, Tritrichomonas augusta and Monocercomonas sp) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze‐fracture replicas of whole cells or the isolated organelle. Close proximity, and even continuity, between endoplasmic reticulum and hydrogenosomes was observed. Structures were seen connecting hydrogenosomes to each other and to cytoplasmic structures. Morphological evidence is presented showing that in all the trichomonads here studied, hydrogenosomes, like mitochondria, may divide by two distinct processes: segmentation and partition. In the segmentation process, the hydrogenosome grows, becoming enlongated with the appearance of a constriction in the central portion. Microfibrillar structures appear to help the furrowing process, ending with a total fission of the organelle. In the partition process, the division begins by an invagination of the inner hydrogenosome membrane, forming a transversal septum, separating the organelle matrix into two compartments. We suggest that myelin‐like structures seen either in close contact with or in the vicinity of the hydrogenosomes may be a source of membrane lipids for hydrogenosome growth.
Immunodetection of cytoskeletal structures and the Eg5 motor protein on deep‐etch replicas of Xenopus egg cortices isolated during the cortical rotation
Authors: Chang Patrick , LeGuellec Katherine , Houliston Evelyn
Published: February 2012

Summary— We have developed a new method for immunogold detection on deep‐etch replicas of isolated Xenopus egg cortices in order to examine the interactions of different cortical elements in three dimensions at high resolution. We have applied this technique to vegetal cortices isolated during the second half of the first cell cycle. The vegetal cortical region at this time is the site of cellular machinery responsible for the ‘cortical rotation’. The entire cortex translocates with respect to the inner cytoplasm, relocating dorsalising determinants to the future dorsal side of the egg. The aligned microtubules in the shear zone between cytoplasm and cortex, implicated in the cortical rotation, were found to be organised as interweaving loose bundles. Interleaved amongst these aligned microtubules were extensive sheets of ER lying in layers parallel to the egg surface. Cytokeratin filaments were found to associate closely with the microtubules over short stretches. Putative actin filaments were present in the shear zone and in the cortex. Eg5, an abundant kinesin‐related microtubule motor protein, and candidate for a role in generating cortical rotation movement, showed an almost exclusive localisation to microtubules. Immunofluorescence studies of cortices treated with detergent to disrupt ER or cold to depolymerise microtubules confirmed that Eg5 associates primarily with microtubules. We propose revised models for the mechanism of cortical rotation based on these observations and conclude that Eg5 is unlikely to move ER relative to microtubules during the cortical rotation.
The once‐daily human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog, liraglutide, improves β‐cell function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Rasmussen Mads Frederik , Clauson Per , Kaku Kohei
Published: February 2012

Aims/Introduction:  β‐cell function was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) index, proinsulin:insulin and proinsulin:C‐peptide ratios in adult, Japanese type 2 diabetes patients receiving liraglutide.

Materials and Methods:  Data from two randomized, controlled clinical trials (A and B) including 664 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients (mean values: glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 8.61–9.32%; body mass index [BMI] 24.4–25.3 kg/m2) were analyzed. In two 24‐week trials, patients received liraglutide 0.9 mg (n = 268) or glibenclamide 2.5 mg (n = 132; trial A), or liraglutide 0.6, 0.9 mg (n = 176) or placebo (n = 88) added to previous sulfonylurea therapy (trial B).

Results:  Liraglutide was associated with improved glycemic control vs sulfonylurea monotherapy or placebo. In liraglutide‐treated groups in trials A and B, area under the curve (AUC) insulin 0–3 h was improved (P < 0.001 for all) and the AUCinsulin 0–3 h:AUCglucose 0–3 h ratio was increased (estimated treatment difference [liraglutide–comparator] 0.058 [0.036, 0.079]). HOMA‐B significantly increased with liraglutide relative to comparator in trial B (P < 0.05), but not in trial A. The reduction in fasting proinsulin:insulin ratio was 50% greater than in comparator groups.

Conclusions:  In Japanese type 2 diabetes patients, liraglutide was associated with effective glycemic control, restoration of prandial insulin response and indications of improved β‐cell function. This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (trial A: no. NCT00393718/JapicCTI‐060328 and trial B: no. NCT00395746/JapicCTI‐060324). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00193.x, 2012)
Optimal cut‐off point for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance to discriminate metabolic syndrome in non‐diabetic Japanese subjects
Authors: Yamada Chizumi , Moriyama Kengo , Takahashi Eiko
Published: February 2012

We have recently established a ‘health‐associated’ reference interval of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) between 0.4 and 2.4. In the present study, the aim was to establish a ‘decision‐based’ limit of HOMA‐IR for the discrimination of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non‐diabetic Japanese subjects. The receiver–operating characteristic curve of HOMA‐IR for detecting MetS was developed using data from 6868 non‐diabetic subjects (3727 men, 3141 women). The optimal cut‐off point was determined based on the point that yielded the minimum value of the square root of [(1 – sensitivity)2 + (1 – specificity)2]. HOMA‐IR = 1.7 was determined as the optimal cut‐off value, with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.4% and 70.5% for men, and 81.5% and 77.0% for women, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal cut‐off value for HOMA‐IR to discriminate MetS in non‐diabetic Japanese subjects appears to be 1.7. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00194.x, 2012)
Case Study: A Young Male With Auditory Hallucinations in Paranoid Schizophrenia
Authors: Kotowski Abigail
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate use of the nursing process and the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International (NANDA‐I), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to assist a young male with paranoid schizophrenia to deal with auditory hallucinations.

DATA SOURCES.  Data were obtained from the experience and expertise of the author and published literature.

DATA SYNTHESIS.  This case study demonstrates nurses' clinical decision making in providing care for an adolescent with mental illness.

CONCLUSION.  This case study provides the pertinent nursing diagnosis, patient outcomes, and nursing interventions for a young male with auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING.  The use of NANDA‐I, NOC, and NIC can provide the necessary framework for enhancing and improving the management of care with patients who experience auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.
Cues for Nursing Diagnosis of Ineffective Self‐management of Fluid and Dietary Restrictions in Dialysis Therapy in Japan
Authors: Kamiya Chizuru , Honda Ikumi , Kasaoka Kazuko , Egawa Takako , Yada Mamiko , Miyawaki Ikuko
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE.  We aimed to identify the cues of expert nurses and validate the cue information on the defining characteristics for a nursing diagnosis of ineffective self‐management of fluid and dietary restrictions in dialysis therapy in Japan.

METHODS.  We used qualitative interviews and two‐round Delphi studies.

FINDINGS.  The expert nurses regarded four signs of unmaintained fluid and dietary restrictions as major defining characteristics and nine other cues as minor defining characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS.  Expert nurses in dialysis therapy regard symptoms of health behavior as major cues for nursing diagnosis of ineffective self‐management of fluid and dietary restrictions in dialysis therapy.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Verification of the clinical validity and development of a specific, clinically useful database on nursing diagnoses are required.
THE ZERO-DIVISOR GRAPHS OF RINGS AND SEMIRINGS
Authors: DOLŽAN DAVID , OBLAK POLONA
Published: February 2012

In this paper we study zero-divisor graphs of rings and semirings. We show that all zero-divisor graphs of (possibly noncommutative) semirings are connected and have diameter less than or equal to 3. We characterize all acyclic zero-divisor graphs of semirings and prove that in the case zero-divisor graphs are cyclic, their girths are less than or equal to 4. We find all possible cyclic zero-divisor graphs over commutative semirings having at most one 3-cycle, and characterize all complete k-partite and regular zero-divisor graphs. Moreover, we characterize all additively cancellative commutative semirings and all commutative rings such that their zero-divisor graph has exactly one 3-cycle.
ON A NEW CLASS OF IMPLICATIONS: (g,min)-IMPLICATIONS AND SEVERAL CLASSICAL TAUTOLOGIES
Authors: LIU HUA-WEN
Published: February 2012

A new class of fuzzy implications, called (g, min )-implications, is introduced by means of the additive generators of continuous Archimedean t-conorms, called g-generators. Basic properties of these implications are discussed. It is shown that the (g, min )-implications are really a new class different from the known ( S , N )-, R -, QL - and Yager's f- and g-implications. Generalizations of three classical logic tautologies with implications, viz. law of importation, contraction law and distributivity over triangular norms ( t -norms) and triangular conorms ( t -conorms) are investigated. A series of necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed, under which the corresponding functional equations are satisfied.
ON ATTRIBUTE REDUCTION WITH INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ROUGH SETS
Authors: ZHANG ZHIMING , TIAN JINGFENG
Published: February 2012

Intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) rough sets are the generalization of traditional rough sets obtained by combining the IF set theory and the rough set theory. The existing research on IF rough sets mainly concentrates on the establishment of lower and upper approximation operators using constructive and axiomatic approaches. Less effort has been put on the attribute reduction of databases based on IF rough sets. This paper systematically studies attribute reduction based on IF rough sets. Firstly, attribute reduction with traditional rough sets and some concepts of IF rough sets are reviewed. Then, we introduce some concepts and theorems of attribute reduction with IF rough sets, and completely investigate the structure of attribute reduction. Employing the discernibility matrix approach, an algorithm to find all attribute reductions is also presented. Finally, an example is proposed to illustrate our idea and method. Altogether, these findings lay a solid theoretical foundation for attribute reduction based on IF rough sets.
STRAIN EFFICIENCY OF FRP JACKETS IN FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE-FILLED CIRCULAR STEEL TUBES
Authors: LI S. Q. , CHEN J. F. , BISBY L. A. , HU Y. M. , TENG J. G.
Published: February 2012

The confinement of concrete columns using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets or wraps is a popular structural retrofitting technique. More recently, the benefits of FRP confinement of concrete-filled steel tubes have also been explored by researchers. Failure of such FRP-confined concrete-filled steel tubes is usually governed by the rupture of the FRP jacket in the hoop direction. However, the observed FRP hoop strain at failure (i.e. the hoop rupture strain) is typically lower than the ultimate tensile strain from a flat coupon test. Many factors may contribute to this phenomenon, one of which is the geometrical discontinuities at both the starting and finishing ends of the wrapping process commonly used to form an FRP jacket. This paper examines the effect of these geometrical discontinuities on the hoop rupture strain of FRP jackets in FRP-confined concrete-filled circular steel tubes. Detailed finite element (FE) analyses conducted using both linear elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic adhesive constitutive models are presented. Comparison between the FE predictions and available test results shows that the hoop rupture strains of FRP jackets predicted by FE analysis using an elastic-perfectly plastic adhesive model are in reasonable agreement with the test results. The influence of parameters such as the FRP thickness, FRP orthotropy, FRP elastic modulus, adhesive yield strength, adhesive thickness, and column size are examined.
IMPROVED END BEARING CAPACITIES OF SHARP-CORNER ALUMINUM TUBULAR SECTIONS WITH CFRP STRENGTHENING
Authors: WU C. , ZHAO X. L. , DUAN W. H. , PHIPAT P.
Published: February 2012

Web crippling is the major failure mode of thin-walled members when they are subjected to concentrated loading. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is found to be promising for strengthening metallic structural members. This paper reports improved web-crippling capacity of sharp-corner aluminum tubular sections: rectangular hollow section (RHS) and square hollow section (SHS), by attaching CFRP to their webs. Twenty four specimens were tested with four CFRP strengthening configurations applied on each of six different aluminum RHS and SHS sections. Significant increase in load-carrying capacity was obtained. Further comparison is made between CFRP strengthened aluminum tubular sections and cold-formed steel counterparts in respect of strengthening efficiency. Underlying mechanism of different failure modes and strengthening efficiencies of various strengthening configurations are discussed with the assistance of FEM simulation.
PERFORMANCES OF CONCRETE-FILLED GFRP OR GFRP-STEEL CIRCULAR TUBES SUBJECTED TO FREEZE-THAW CYCLES
Authors: LI HUI , MA MINGLEI , XIAN GUIJUN , YAN XIN , OU JINPING
Published: February 2012

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the performances of concrete-filled glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and GFRP externally wound steel circular tubes, subjected to freeze-thaw cycles ranging from -18°C to 18°C. The variation in hoop strains of the tubes during the freeze-thaw cycles was monitored by embedded fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors in GFRP layers or between GFRP and steel tube. The residual hoop strain after each freeze-thaw cycle indicates the possible degradation of GFRP materials, such as cracks, debonding of GFRP-concrete or GFRP-steel due to mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion, as well as water immersion. A synergistic effect of FRP and steel tubes on the confinement of inside concrete was revealed, resulting in well-improved ductility. After 56 freeze-thaw cycles, remarkable degradation were found in the axial strength, modulus, and strain for concrete-filled GFRP tubes. However, the GFRP-steel tube system showed a negligible reduction in the ultimate axial strain by the freeze-thaw cycles with less degradation in the axial strength and modulus.
BEYOND COMPARING MEANS: THE USEFULNESS OF ANALYZING INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION FOR IDENTIFYING GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: GORLOV IVAN P. , BYUN JINYOUNG , ZHAO HONGYA , LOGOTHETIS CHRISTOPHER J. , GORLOVA OLGA Y.
Published: February 2012

Identifying genes associated with cancer development is typically accomplished by comparing mean expression values in normal and tumor tissues, which identifies differentially expressed (DE) genes. Interindividual variation (IV) in gene expression is indirectly included in DE gene identification because given the same absolute differences in means, genes with lower variance tend to have lower p-values. We explored the direct use of IV in gene expression to identify candidate genes associated with cancer development. We focused on prostate (PCa) and lung (LC) cancers and compared IV in the expression level of genes shown to be cancer related with that in all other genes in the human genome. Compared with all those other genes, cancer-related genes tended to have greater IV in normal tissues and a greater increase in IV during the transition from normal to tumorous tissue. Genes without significantly different mean expression values between tumor and normal tissues but with greater IV in tumor than in normal tissue (note: the DE-based approach completely ignores those genes) had stronger associations with clinically important features like Gleason score in PCa or tumor histology in LC than all other genes were. Our results suggest that analyzing IV in gene expression level is useful in identifying novel candidate genes associated with cancer development.
Novel Ser/Thr Protein Phosphatases in Cell Death Regulation
Authors: Sun Haipeng , Wang Yibin
Published: February 2012

Cell death is regulated by a myriad of intracellular molecular pathways, with many involving protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In this review, we will focus on Ser/Thr phosphatases-mediated regulation in cell apoptosis as well as on their potential roles in cell necrosis. The emerging functional importance of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases in cell death regulation adds new dimension to the signaling mechanisms of cellular function, physiology, and diseases.
Distinct Effects of Contraction-Induced InjuryIn Vivoon Four Different Murine Models of Dysferlinopathy
Authors: Roche Joseph A. , Ru Lisa W. , Bloch Robert J.
Published: February 2012

Mutations in theDYSFgene, encoding dysferlin, cause muscular dystrophies in man. We compared 4 dysferlinopathic mouse strains: SJL/J and B10.SJL-Dysfim/AwaJ (B10.SJL), and A/J and B6.A-Dysfprmd/GeneJ (B6.A/J). The former but not the latter two are overtly myopathic and weaker at 3 months of age. Following repetitive large-strain injury (LSI) caused by lengthening contractions, all except B6.A/J showed ~40% loss in contractile torque. Three days later, torque in SJL/J, B10.SJL and controls, but not A/J, recovered nearly completely. B6.A/J showed ~30% torque loss post-LSI and more variable recovery. Pre-injury, all dysferlinopathic strains had more centrally nucleated fibers (CNFs) and all but A/J showed more inflammation than controls. At D3, all dysferlinopathic strains showed increased necrosis and inflammation, but not more CNFs; controls were unchanged. Dystrophin-null DMDmdxmice showed more necrosis and inflammation than all dysferlin-nulls. Torque loss and inflammation on D3 across all strains were linearly related to necrosis. Our results suggest that (1) dysferlin is not required for functional recovery 3 days after LSI; (2) B6.A/J mice recover from LSI erratically; (3) SJL/J and B10.SJL muscles recover rapidly, perhaps due to ongoing myopathy; (4) although they recover function to different levels, all 4 dysferlinopathic strains show increased inflammation and necrosis 3 days after LSI.
Hardy Spaces Associated to Schrödinger Operators on Product Spaces
Authors: Song Liang , Tan Chaoqiang
Published: February 2012

LetL=−Δ+Vbe a Schrödinger operator onℝn, whereV∈Lloc1(ℝn)is a nonnegative function onℝn. In this article, we show that the Hardy spacesLon product spaces can be characterized in terms of the Lusin area integral, atomic decomposition, and maximal functions.
Analysis of Filtering Methods for Satellite Autonomous Orbit Determination Using Celestial and Geomagnetic Measurement
Authors: Ning Xiaolin , Ma Xin , Peng Cong , Quan Wei , Fang Jiancheng
Published: February 2012

Satellite autonomous orbit determination (OD) is a complex process using filtering method to integrate observation and orbit dynamic equations effectively and estimate the position and velocity of a satellite. Therefore, the filtering method plays an important role in autonomous orbit determination accuracy and time consumption. Extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and unscented particle filter (UPF) are three widely used filtering methods in satellite autonomous OD, owing to the nonlinearity of satellite orbit dynamic model. The performance of the system based on these three methods is analyzed under different conditions. Simulations show that, under the same condition, the UPF provides the highest OD accuracy but requires the highest computation burden. Conclusions drawn by this study are useful in the design and analysis of autonomous orbit determination system of satellites.
Hemorrhagic Shock as a Sequela of Splenic Rupture in a Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis: Focus on the Potential Role of Salicylates
Authors: Bouliaris Konstantinos , Karangelis Dimos , Daskalopoulos Marios , Spanos Konstantinos , Fanariotis Michael , Giaglaras Anargyros
Published: February 2012

Despite the fact that the vast majority of splenic ruptures are traumatic, infectious mononucleosis has been incriminated as a major predisposing factor that affects the integrity of the spleen, thus causing atraumatic ruptures and life-threatening hemorrhages. Herein we present a case of a 23-year-old Caucasian male who underwent an emergency laparotomy for acute abdomen and hemorrhagic shock, caused by spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to infectious mononucleosis. The potential role of salicylates in the development of a hemorrhagic complication in a patient with infectious mononucleosis is discussed.
Auricular Acupuncture May Suppress Epileptic Seizures via Activating the Parasympathetic Nervous System: A Hypothesis Based on Innovative Methods
Authors: He Wei , Rong Pei-Jing , Li Liang , Ben Hui , Zhu Bing , Litscher Gerhard
Published: February 2012

Auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that auricular acupuncture has a significant effect on inducing parasympathetic tone. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder consisting of recurrent seizures resulting from excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain. Autonomic imbalance demonstrating an increased sympathetic activity and a reduced parasympathetic activation is involved in the development and progress of epileptic seizures. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system such as vagus nerve stimulation has been used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Here, we propose that auricular acupuncture may suppress epileptic seizures via activating the parasympathetic nervous system.
Intramuscular Adipose Tissue, Sarcopenia, and Mobility Function in Older Individuals
Authors: Marcus Robin L. , Addison Odessa , Dibble Leland E. , Foreman K. Bo , Morrell Glen , LaStayo Paul
Published: February 2012

Objective. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and sarcopenia may adversely impact mobility function and physical activity. This study determined the association of locomotor muscle structure and function with mobility function in older adults.Method. 109 older adults with a variety of comorbid disease conditions were examined for thigh muscle composition via MRI, knee extensor strength via isometric dynamometry, and mobility function. The contribution of strength, quadriceps lean tissue, and IMAT to explaining the variability in mobility function was examined using multivariate linear regression models.Results. The predictors as a group contributed 27–45% of the variance in all outcome measures; however, IMAT contributed between 8–15% of the variance in all four mobility variables, while lean explained only 5% variance in only one mobility measure.Conclusions. Thigh IMAT, a newly identified muscle impairment appears to be a potent muscle variable related to the ability of older adults to move about in their community.
The Microenvironmental Effect in the Progression, Metastasis, and Dormancy of Breast Cancer: A Model System within Bone Marrow
Authors: Reddy Bobby Y. , Lim Philip K. , Silverio Kimberly , Patel Shyam A. , Won Brian Wong , Rameshwar Pranela
Published: February 2012

Despite diagnostic advances, breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women in the United States. The armamentarium of treatment options for metastatic disease is limited and mostly ineffective with regards to eradicating cancer. However, there have been novel findings in the recent literature that substantiate the function of the microenvironment in breast cancer progression and the support of metastasis to tertiary sites such as bone marrow. The uncovered significance of the microenvironment in the pathophysiology of breast cancer metastasis has served to challenge previously widespread theories and introduce new perspectives for the future research to eradicate breast cancer. This paper delineates the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between breast cancer cells and the microenvironment in progression, metastasis, and dormancy. The information, in addition to other mechanisms described in bone marrow, is discussed in the paper.
Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng
Authors: Byeon Se Eun , Lee Jaehwi , Kim Ji Hye , Yang Woo Seok , Kwak Yi-Seong , Kim Sun Young , Choung Eui Su , Rhee Man Hee , Cho Jae Youl
Published: February 2012

Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP), isolated from Korean red ginseng, displays immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Even though numerous studies have been reported, the mechanism as to how RGAP is able to stimulate the immune response is not clear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of molecular activation of RGAP in macrophages. RGAP treatment strongly induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells without altering morphological changes, although the activity was not strong compared to LPS-induced dendritic-like morphology in RAW264.7 cells. RGAP-induced NO production was accompanied with enhanced mRNA levels of iNOS and increases in nuclear transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, ATF-2, and CREB. According to pharmacological evaluation with specific enzyme inhibitors, Western blot analysis of intracellular signaling proteins and inhibitory pattern using blocking antibodies, ERK, and JNK were found to be the most important signaling enzymes compared to LPS signaling cascade. Further, TLR2 seems to be a target surface receptor of RGAP. Lastly, macrophages isolated from RGS2 knockout mice or wortmannin exposure strongly upregulated RGAP-treated NO production. Therefore, our results suggest that RGAP can activate macrophage function through activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 and their upstream signaling enzymes such as ERK and JNK.
Deficiency of ACE2 in Bone-Marrow-Derived Cells Increases Expression of TNF-αin Adipose Stromal Cells and Augments Glucose Intolerance in Obese C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Thatcher Sean E. , Gupte Manisha , Hatch Nicholas , Cassis Lisa A.
Published: February 2012

Deficiency of ACE2 in macrophages has been suggested to promote the development of an inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. We evaluated effects of ACE2 deficiency in bone-marrow-derived stem cells on adipose inflammation and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. ACE2 activity was increased in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from visceral, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue of HF-fed mice. Deficiency of ACE2 in bone marrow cells significantly increased mRNA abundance of F4/80 and TNF-αin the SVF isolated from visceral adipose tissue of HF-fed chimeric mice, supporting increased presence of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue. Moreover, deficiency of ACE2 in bone marrow cells modestly augmented glucose intolerance in HF-fed chimeric mice and increased blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. In summary, ACE2 deficiency in bone marrow cells promotes inflammation in adipose tissue and augments obesity-induced glucose intolerance.
Nonoscillatory Solutions of Second‐Order Superlinear Dynamic Equations with Integrable Coefficients
Authors: Lin Quanwen , Jia Baoguo
Published: February 2012

The asymptotic behavior of nonoscillatory solutions of the
superlinear dynamic equation on time scales , γ > 1, is discussed under the condition that exists
and P(t) ≥ 0 for large t.