bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for video event recognition
Authors: Avola Danilo , Cascio Marco , Cinque Luigi , Foresti Gian Luca , Pannone Daniele
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the spread of video sensor networks both in public and private areas has grown considerably. Smart algorithms for video semantic content understanding are increasingly developed to support human operators in monitoring different activities, by recognizing events that occur in the observed scene. With the term event, we refer to one or more actions performed by one or more subjects (e.g., people or vehicles) acting within the same observed area. When these actions are performed by subjects that do not interact with each other, the events are usually classified as simple. Instead, when any kind of interaction occurs among subjects, the involved events are typically classified as complex. This survey starts by providing the formal definitions of both scene and event, and the logical architecture for a generic event recognition system. Subsequently, it presents two taxonomies based on features and machine learning algorithms, respectively, which are used to describe the different approaches for the recognition of events within a video sequence. This paper also discusses key works of the current state-of-the-art of event recognition, providing the list of datasets used to evaluate the performance of reported methods for video content understanding.
Analysis on cracking of structure layer of cement stabilized graded macadam
Authors: Luo Chuan-Xi , Xiong Chun-Long , Yu Jiang-Miao , Li Wei-Xiong , Huang Zhi-Yong
Published: April 2021

Because of its strong bearing capacity, good stability and easy control of construction technology, cement stabilized graded macadam was widely used in highway pavement structure. In order to solve its characteristics of easy cracking, relevant researchers have carried out systematic studies on it, but such studies did not involve the large volume and large scope of the structural layer, and only carried out research on the specimen and small scope. Based on engineering project, the influence of dust content and cement content on the cracking was studied by adjusting the parameters and paving the test section during the production process. At the same time, the cracks in the project were counted, and the influences of exposure time, structural level, traffic load and construction level on the cracks in the cement stabilized graded macadam were analyzed. The relationship between crack spacing and exposure time is established, and through comparative analysis, it is found that construction level is the most important factor affecting crack spacing.
Mechanical behavior analysis and structural improvement for the bracket arm of wrecker
Authors: Yu Chunlei , Bao Yingchao , Chen Chao
Published: April 2021

A finite element model (FEM) of the bracket arm of wrecker is developed and the mechanical behavior under six representative conditions is studied in this paper. Stress test experiment is carried out to validate the presented FEM. Comparison analyses show that results predicted from the FEM are in good agreement with those obtained from the test experiment. Moreover, the mechanical behavior analyses also give the danger working conditions for each component of the bracket arm. Based on the stress distributions under the danger working condition, structural improvement is conducted for the component which is prone to material failure. Mechanical behavior analyses of the improved structures are also carried out in this paper. Numerical analysis results show that the maximum stresses of each improved component of the bracket arm are all reduced to close or below the allowable stress. This indicted that the load bearing capacities of each component are improved effectively and meet the requirements of engineering applications.
Smith control of SCR system based on sliding mode control
Authors: Ren Jie , Pu Cuiping , Yu An
Published: April 2021

The reaction process of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system is complex, which has the characteristics of large inertia, large delay, strong interference and uncertainty. Traditional PID control can’t achieve accurate control of ammonia injection. Based on linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), Smith predictor is used to eliminate the delay output variables before entering extended state observer. The nonlinear state error feedback control law of ADRC structure is designed by using sliding mode control law, which improves the fast response and stability of the system. To solve the problem that the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system is difficult to achieve accurate modeling and large delay, Smith-SMC linear extended state observer (Smith-SMC-LESO) is designed. The simulation results of tracking characteristics, anti-jamming characteristics and robustness show that the set-point tracking performance and anti-jamming ability of Smith-LADRC and Smith-SMC-LESO are significantly improved.
Pressing speed stability control of a special ceramic roller bearing press based on fuzzy adaptive PID
Authors: Yang Lijie , Wang Guimei , Zhang Huadong , Liu Jiehui , Zhang Yachun
Published: April 2021

A special ceramic roller bearing press (SCRBP) is developed to press two bearings efficiently and precisely at the same time. A speed control mathematical model of the bearing press is built to obtain stability bearing pressing speed. The fuzzy adaptive PID controller of the bearing pressing speed of SCRBP is designed. The simulation model is also built. Fuzzy adaptive PID control is compared with conventional PID control. By simulation analysis, the simulation results show that adjusting time of fuzzy adaptive PID control is short, and its overshoot is very small, almost coincides with the set pressing speed. Moreover, fuzzy adaptive PID is suitable for the pressing speed control of the bearing pressing speed system with step interference signal. The pressing stability speed is obtained by fuzzy adaptive PID control.
E-Health & Innovation to Overcome Barriers in Neuromuscular Diseases. Report from the 1st eNMD Congress: Nice, France, March 22-23, 2019
Authors: Pini Jonathan , Siciliano Gabriele , Lahaut Pauline , Braun Serge , Segovia-Kueny Sandrine , Kole Anna , Hérnando Ines , Selb Julij , Schirinzi Erika , Duong Tina , Hogrel Jean-Yves , Olmedo José Javier Serrano , Vissing John , Servais Laurent , Vincent-Genod Dominique , Vuillerot Carole , Bannwarth Sylvie , Eggenspieler Damien , Vicart Savine , Diaz-Manera Jordi ,   eNMD group, Lochmüller Hanns , Sacconi Sabrina
Published: April 2021

By definition, neuromuscular diseases are rare and fluctuating in terms of symptoms; patients are often lately diagnosed, do not have enough information to understand their condition and be proactive in their management. Usually, insufficient resources or services are available, leading to patients’ social burden. From a medical perspective, the rarity of such diseases leads to the unfamiliarity of the medical staff and caregiver and an absence of consensus in disease assessment, treatment, and management. Innovations have to be developed in response to patients’ and physicians’ unmet needs.

It is vital to improve several aspects of patients’ quality of life with a better comprehension of their disease, simplify their management and follow-up, help their caregiver, and reduce the social and economic burden for living with a rare debilitating disease. Database construction regrouping patients’ data and symptoms according to specific country registration on data privacy will be critical in establishing a clear consensus on neuromuscular disease treatment.

Clinicians also need technological innovations to help them recognize neuromuscular diseases, find the best therapeutic approach based on medical consensus, and tools to follow patients’ states regularly. Diagnosis also has to be improved by implementing automated systems to analyze a considerable amount of data, representing a significant step forward to accelerate the diagnosis and the patients’ follow up. Further, the development of new tools able to precisely measure specific outcomes reliably is of the matter of importance in clinical trials to assess the efficacy of a newly developed compound.

In this context, creation of an expert community is essential to communicate and share ideas. To this end, 97 clinicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, and representatives of private companies from 9 different countries met to discuss the new perspective and challenges to develop and implement innovative tools in the field of neuromuscular diseases.
Anticipating revisions in the Transportation Services Index
Authors: McElroy Tucker S. , Roy Anindya , Livsey James , Firestine Theresa , Notis Ken
Published: April 2021

The Transportation Services Index (TSI) lags two months from its release date due to source data availability, and it is desirable to publish a preliminary TSI that is advanced two months ahead. We model and forecast TSI with a co-integrated Vector Autoregression, also considering two explanatory series that do not have publication delay. Thus we are able to produce forecasts and nowcasts of the index, and we demonstrate that – during normal economic conditions – out-of-sample performance is within the scope expected by the forecast confidence intervals. We also examine the performance of the models at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large forecast errors at this regime change are beyond the bounds indicated by our model. The practical ramifications of this methodology is discussed.
Application of piggy-back lens in the correction of severe keratoconus: A case study
Authors: Lan Fang-Fang , Gan Lu
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: This is a case study on the application of a piggy-back lens in the correction of severe keratoconus. METHODS: From the results of general eye examination, refractive state examination, and corneal morphology examination on the patient, it was determined that corneal protrusion and deformation of the right eye were obvious. The right eye was corrected using a piggy-back lens and the left eye with a rigid gas-permeable contact lens (RGPCL) alone. RESULTS: The right-eye lens fit well and the lens coverage was good. Both the static and dynamic fit results for the left-eye lens were good. After wearing the glasses for one month, the patient attended a review and stated that the lenses were comfortable to wear. The patient’s vision was good after wearing the lenses. No obvious congestion was found in the conjunctiva under a slit lamp. The effects on both eyes of wearing RGPCLs were favorable. The corneal curvature reduced and the corneal thickness only changed to a small degree. CONCLUSION: For keratoconus patients, application of a piggy-back lens can improve corrected visual acuity, comfort levels, and safety, prolong the wearing time, and enhance the effect of orthokeratology.
Assessment of medical and losses due to socially significant diseases in the East Kazakhstan Region
Authors: Rybalkina D Kh , Ibrayeva L K , Salimbaeva B M , Minbayeva L S , Bacheva I V , Drobchenko Y A , Aleshina N Yu
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
AIMS. The aim of the research was assessment of the medical and social losses due to socially significant diseases (malignant neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system) in population living in the ecologically unfavorableregion of Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region (EKR)).
MATERIALS AND METHODS.The materials for the research were provided by the Department of Statistics, the Republican Center of Electronic Health Care and the Regional Oncology Center for 5 years depth (2011-2015 yy.). Statistical data of the entire population of the region was analyzed.
Years of Life Lost (YLL), YLL due to death integral indicators were calculated according to the standardized methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Significant premature loss of years due to socially significant diseases in the study region was observed in the research group of 45-69 years with a gender prevalence in male. The fraction of direct economic loss as a result ofhealth losses due to circulatory system diseases and malignant neoplasms averaged about 5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The medical and social losses of years depend on a number of social and economic factorsin the region (environmental pollution, population income, centralized water supply and the fraction of economically active population).
Tumor fibroso solitario pleural. Aspectos clínico-patológicos a propósito de un caso
Authors: González-Díaz Donel , Díaz-Garrido Drialis , Ortíz-Roque Jorge , Duvergel-Calderín Dayanis
Published: April 2021

El tumor fibroso pleural es una entidad médica poco frecuente, considerado una tumoración benigna. Representa entre el 5-8 % de los tumores primarios de pleural.
Reportamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 59 años, no fumador con historia de 3 meses de deposiciones líquidas, asociadas a astenia, pérdida de peso y dolor en parrilla costal. Fue ingresado en el servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, La Habana, Cuba. Se le realizó una radiografía de tórax, observándose como hallazgo accidental una masa tumoral en región para cardiaca, por lo que decide interconsultar con el servicio de Neumología. La tomografía de tórax evidenció una masa tumoral en el tercio inferior del hemitórax izquierdo, el estudio histológico e inmunohistoquímico fue compatible con un tumor fibroso solitario pleural.
Conclusiones de este trabajo apuntan a que para el diagnóstico preciso de este tipo de tumor es necesario realizar una tomografía axial de tórax y un análisis histopatológico detallado.
Characterization of anatomical structures of the larynx by ultrasonography
Authors: Mena Canata Carlos , Acuña Ramírez Ashiria Reseda , Melgarejo Gustavo , Cáceres Rodrigo , Tornaco Raúl
Published: April 2021

La laringe es un órgano extraño ubicado en la línea media del cuello, compuesto por cartílago, músculos y ligamentos. La TC y la RM se realizan como técnicas de imagen de primera elección en el estudio de laringe; sin embargo, no están exentos de limitaciones. La ecografía es un método accesible de alta resolución con una visualización relativamente buena de las diferentes estructuras de la laringe. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las características de estructuras anatómicas laríngeas identificables ecográficamente.
En este trabajo observacional descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, se estudiaron 20 pacientes, sin patología laríngea, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 35 años, ambos sexos. La ecografía laríngea se realizó con un transductor de ultrasonido Phillips® con sonda lineal de 4 a 12 MHz, partes blandas preestablecidas.
En todos los casos se pudieron identificar y medir cartílago tiroides, cricoides y epiglotis, y en un gran porcentaje de estos las cuerdas vocales, bandas ventriculares y esquina anterior. El cartílago aritenoide solo fue visible en el 85% de los casos.
La ecografía se presenta como un método auxiliar útil en el estudio de la anatomía de la laringe, proponiendo el seguimiento y realización de nuevos estudios que puedan complementar este estudio y su validez.
Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales Veinte Años de Investigación Sobre Economía Regional
Authors: Bonilla-Mejía Leonardo , Galvis-Aponte Luis Armando
Published: April 2021

Libro publicado en conmemoración a los 20 años del Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER). Se presenta un balance de las principales contribuciones a la generación del conocimiento en temas económicos y financieros de las distintas regiones colombianas. En las secciones dos y tres se registran la historia del CEER y su equipo de investigación. En la cuarta sección se caracterizan los estudios realizados de acuerdo con temas abordados y su cobertura geográfica. En la quinta sección se presenta una medición del impacto académico de los trabajos. La sexta sección describe, con algunos ejemplos, la incidencia que ha tenido en políticas públicas, y la última expone las perspectivas para los próximos veinte años.
Granuloma Inguinale
Authors: Anantawijaya D Adi Agung , Muhammad Izazi Hari Purwoko  , Mutia Devi  , Suroso Adi Nugroho
Published: April 2021

Granuloma ingunale (GI) or donovanosis is a genital ulcer disease caused by theCalymmatobacterium granulomatis. It is a Gram-negative, facultative, obligateintracellular and pleomorphic bacterium. This bacterium has phylogeneticallyclosed to and placed within the Klebsiella genus. Clinically, the disease is com-monly characterized as painless, slowly progressive ulcerative lesions on thegenitals or perineum without regional lymphadenopathy. The lesions are highlyvascular and bleed easily on contact Extragenital lesions may occur but are rareand more common in newborns from mothers with GI genital lesions. Thisdisease is often neglected, therefore it is often misdiagnosed and inaccuratetherapy. Treatment time is 3 weeks or until clinical cure has been achieved forall proposed regimens. It often occurs both in men and women of reproductiveage (20-40 years). This article consists of several theoretical references that havebeen viewed to have a better understanding of GI.
Tribal Conflict over Natural Resources on the Sudan – South Sudan Border: The Case of the Abyei Territory
Authors: Gebrekidan Getachew Zeru
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the major causes, processes and consequences of natural resource conflicts between tribes across the Sudan – South Sudan border region, with the main emphasis on the Abyei territory. Data for the study have been gathered from primary and secondary sources. The research revealed that the conflict over ownership of Abyei’s renewable and non-renewable resources has evolved as a contentious issue between Sudan and South Sudan. The situation was complicated by the relationship of the Humr Misseriya and Ngok Dinka and their governments, respectively. Moreover, lack of agreement about who should be considered a resident of Abyei derailed a referendum on the territory’s status. The government of Sudan and Humr Misseriya have not yet accepted all proposals and agreements for resolving the conflict. Despite the fact that there are new and positive political developments between the two countries, mainly in 2019–2020, these have not been extended to the settlement of the final status of Abyei. For a durable peace in the Abyei region and its environment, both governments need to work toward realising mutual benefits based on the agreed principles and proposals stipulated in the Abyei Protocol of 2004–2005 and the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel of 2012.
Indigenous Tribes in Brazil and the Increasing Attack from Business Interests
Authors: Kebirungi Destiny Mugasha , Forster Alex , Watkinson Erin
Published: April 2021

The article offers an overview of the evolution of Brazilian law in relation to the living descendants of indigenous people who lived on the territory of Brazil before Portuguese colonisation. The legal developments reflect the evolution of the relation between the Brazilian state and the indigenous peoples since Brazil gained independence. This short article also offers a look at the implementation of relevant international norms on the rights of indigenous peoples in the Brazilian context.
Debating (Post-)Coloniality in Southeast Europe: A Minority Oriented Perspective in Bulgaria
Authors: Trupia Francesco
Published: April 2021

Despite the fact that its scholarly application has been considered highly problematic in the former Eastern Bloc and barely employed due to the Marxist background, post-colonialism has been recently introduced by a large number of scholars and academics. Yet, theoretical experiments, research, and projection of post-colonialism in Central and Eastern Europe have come to compose an abundant field of reference. Drawing on this theoretical approach, this paper aims to debate the category of post-coloniality in postcommunist Bulgaria in order to better venture the parapet of the post-1989 transition. Employing a ‘minority perspective’, which will reveal minority positionality in the contemporary Bulgarian cultural and political ground, this paper traces potential power actions of (dis)possession of knowledge among subaltern groups, which actions continue to negate, disavow, distort, and deny access to different forms of minority cultures and life visions represented by non-majoritarian segments of the Bulgarian society. In general, this paper digs into the historical experience of the ethnic Turks and Muslim minority groups in Bulgaria prior to the communist experience, throughout and after the collapse of communism, and in the contemporary Republic of Bulgaria. In particular, post-coloniality – understood in terms of ‘coloniality of being’ – shall offer a better and critical angle of investigation over the issues of human marginalisation, cultural subordination, and knowledge exploitation in Bulgaria and Southeast Europe.
Unending Wars: Is Nationalism the Snag?
Authors: Formella Collins Nkapnwo
Published: April 2021

Nationalism has been the major cause of wars since time immemorial and the most pronounced of it was World War I. Although the rhetoric of nationalism is seemingly less used after the major wars, because it adopted a new name, ‘self-determination’ – as enshrined in the UN Charter, Chapter I article 1 –, it remains in the background of many political discussions today and we continually see a global rise in collectivism, marked by religious fundamentalists of ethnic nationalist ideologies, which have resulted in nothing but fierce conflicts in almost every part of the world. Having noticed this increasing phenomenon, this paper tries to establish the relationship that exists between the world’s agenda to globalise and national interests, which have left the world in a rather saddened situation of protracted wars between and within states, and its main thesis is that nationalism has played and continues to play a major role in the violent conflicts that sparkle around the world today, in the guise of ethno-religious conflicts.
The Right to Seek Asylum of ‘Climate Refugees’
Authors: Horváth Valéria
Published: April 2021

Although the issue of climate change mitigation and adaptation is fortunately evermore widely discussed, the problems facing ‘climate refugees’ only appears sporadically in the discussions adding to the current confusion. Taking recent and forecasted trends into account, the UN declares that states have serious moral obligations to provide humanitarian protection to all those displaced. The question which the international community and international lawyers face is whether states have more than just a moral obligation to provide protection. In this paper I will assess whether or not there are any roots in the various sources of international law – such as conventional law, customary international law, or the fundamental principles of international law – for the legal definition of ‘climate refugees’.
Relationship Between Waist Circumference with Frequency of Attack and Pain Intensity in Malaysian Students Who Have Migraine
Authors: Mohd Nasir Muhammad Nazrul
Published: April 2021

Background: Obesity can be intergreted as an excessive accumulation of body fat which leads to health problems, including migraine. Obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome, a pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic state that may contribute to headache development and progression. Stimulation of trigeminal nociceptor induced the release of pro inflammation substances especially calsitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and P substance. Those substances are found higher in migraine and obesity person. Neurogenic inflammation state was known has a big role on migraine pain. To evaluate the relationship between waist circumference with frequencies and pain intensity in Malaysian students with migraine at the University of Sumatera Utara.
Method: Observational analytic with cross sectional approach. A sample of 94 people was taken based on the total sampling technique. The data obtained are presented in tabular form and then analyzed using the Chi-square Test.
Result: Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate with the Chi-square test. From 77 subjects of the study consisting of 11 people with migraine aura and 66 people with migraine without aura. Most of the study samples were female (77.9%) and an average age of 20.97 years. The majority of race obtained was Malay (50.6%), BMI whose majority was normal (58.4%). From a 11 people with migraine aura, 7 of them had normal waist circumference and of 66 people with migraine without aura 40 of them had normal waist circumference. From Univariate and Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between waist circumference with the frequency of migraine attacks (p = 0.489) and there was no significant relationship between waist circumference and the intensity of migraine pain (p = 0.245).
Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between waist circumference with the frequency of attacks and pain intensity in Malaysian students who experience migraine.
The Effect of Black Cumin On Body Weight, OAE Examination and Histopathology of Organ Corti Male White Rats Inducted by Streptomycin
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Zhariff
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside type of antibiotics. It is used as a first line treatment for tuberculosis (TB). Streptomycin also cause ototoxicity to its long term user as a fatal side effect. Black cumin (N. sativa) is an herbal plant that is widely consumed and contains thymoquinine as an active compound. Thymoquinine can reduce oxidative stress and increase antioxidant defences in the body. The objecive is to evaluate the relationship and differences of administration of black cumin (N. sativa) to body weight, optoacoustic emission test and the degree of the Organ  Corti damage induced by streptomycin in Wistar rats using histopathological examination.
Method: In-vivo experimental method using 25 wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with 5 treatments group, group K0(control), P1 (Streptomycin 20mg/kgBW/day IM), P2 (Streptomycin IM with low-dose black cumin), P3 (Streptomycin IM with medium-dose black cumin), P4 Streptomycin IM with high-dose black cumin). The experiment was conducted as a post-test only experimental group design and assessed body weight, SNR values on OAE examination and the degree of damage through Haematoxylin-eosin staining histopathological examination.
 Result: There were no significant differences in post-experimental weight (p> 0.05) with a p-value: 0.549 between every group (K0 to P4) and there were significant differences between SNR values in OAE examination and the degree of damage to Organ of Corti between every group (p<0.005) with a p: 0.000. There was a strong relationship between OAE examination and the degree of damage to Organ of Corti with p-value: 0.001 and r-value: 0.635. There was a moderate relationship between the treatment group and the degree of Organ Corti damage with p-value: 0.036 and r-value: 0.421. There were also no relationship between body weight and the degree of Organ Corti damage (p: 0.725), between the OAE treatment and treatment groups (p: 0.780), between the treatment group and body weight (p: 0.491) and between body weight and OAE examination (p: 0.465). 
Conclusion: The hypothesis is proven on the strong relationship between OAE examination and degree of Organ Corti damage and also on the moderate relationship between treatment groups and the degree of Organ Corti damage
Correlation Between Epidural Hematoma Volume in Temporal Region with Glasgow Coma Scale on Patients with Head Injury at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in the year of 2018
Authors: Pandiangan Ruth Jean Tri Apriliyanty
Published: April 2021

Epidural hematoma (EDH) is the type of intracranial haemorrhage due to head injury that occur most frequently. EDH volume usually stable and can reach the maximum volume in only a few minutes or hours after traumatized. EDH being attentive to the clinicians and researchers because of the enforcement diagnosis that is relatively easy and the rate of success in operation is quite high and EDH located in temporal region contributed to increasing the mortality due to respiratory arrest from uncal herniation because of brainstem compression.  Measuring degrees severity EDH the most common and much worn in international is glasgow coma scale (GCS)  because it has a high level of validity; reliability, sensitivity and specificity. This research was conducted to see correlation between EDH volume in temporal region with GCS in patients with head injury. Research conducted is analytic observation with cross-sectional approached study. The study sample is 45 epidural hematoma patients in temporal region at productive age (18-59 years) who had diagnosed and got the best act of resuscitating to know the score GCS at H. Adam Malik General Hospital in 2018 who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The technique of taking data is consecutive sampling from medical record. Statistically there are negative relations between GCS to the volume of  EDH patients based on the results of the CT scan (p<0,001, CI 95 %) with the 0,619 relations that is indicative of the strength of the relations which is very strong.
Anatomy Variation of Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery (AcoA) Aneurysm : Serial Cases
Authors: Irsyad Muhammad Ari , Nasution Iskandar , Tala Muhammad Ihsan Zulkarnain
Published: April 2021

Introduction : Intracranial aneurysms (IA) is an acquired disease characterized by dilatation of intracranial arteries, and is usually found at the location of arterial branches in the cranii base region. The selection of management and anatomic variations is quite interesting to be discussed in the case of aneurysms.
Cases Report : Four cases of AcoA aneurysm were reported with variations in clinical manifestations, A1 segment anatomy, fundal projections and management considerations (Coiling vs. Clipping). This case series illustrates the compatibility with previous case studies that have existed.
Discussion : The author concludes that the actions taken in cases I, II and III are in the form of coiling due to age, dome and neck ratio and access to perform such difficult surgical procedures. In case IV , it was considered to be performed surgical clipping action due to the presence of intracerebal hemoraghic, and the approach can be done from a non dominant hemisphere, proximal control only through the right carotid and the location of the posterior dome which was favorable for surgical clipping
Conclusion : Aneurysms from the ACA-anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex are some of the most complex lesions in the field of vascular neurosurgery. This location is where most rupture aneurysms occured with high mortalities due to complications of vasospasm and SAH. The choice of management in aneurysm cases which involved many factors such as age and anatomic variations.
A Case Report : Massive Subdural Empyema Following Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Placement in Child Patient
Authors: Lizen Nindi , Mouza Abdurrahman
Published: April 2021

Background: Subdural empyema is a critical neurosurgical condition that arise from neurosurgical procedures, trauma, meningitis, sinusitis, or otogenic infection. Reported mortality rates vary from 4.4% to 24%. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is one of the most common procedures and reported rates for shunt infections are relatively high. However, their association with subdural empyema is rare.
Case Report: One years old boy who presented with fever, lethargy, and inability to walk was admitted to the hospital. He was undergone Vp-shunt 1 month ago because of hydrocephalus. At the time of admission, the child was alert, had a moderate right hemiparesis, and a macrocephalic appearance. An emergency CT scan showed well-circumscribed subdural empyema.
Discussion: A craniotomy was performed, then thick fibrous capsule underlying the dura mater was encountered, finally the pus was totally removed. Postoperatively, he was fully alert with a marked motoric improvement. Diplococus gram positive was found. The patient was given appropriate antibiotic treatment for 3 weeks periode.
Conclusion: Subdural empyema is an unusual complication of a VP-shunt. Although rare in children, it is still a neurosurgical problem. The combination of medication and surgery treatment in Subdural empyema resulted in a good response.
Long Term Post Traumatic High Flow Carotid Cavernous Fistula with Patent Collateral Vessel : A Case Report
Authors: Farhan Luthfy , Dharmajaya Ridha
Published: April 2021

Introduction : A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between arteries and veins within the cavernous sinus. Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is a very rare case it's difficult to diagnose. because most CCF patients rarely come for treatment.
Case Report : A 33-year-old male presented with history of protrusion of Left eye ball, and double vision for the last 2 years. visual disturbances were found in the right eye for 2 years, blurry vision is increasingly. Bruit was audible in orbital region on the left side. DSA showed that there was a fistula in the left sinus cavernous region, the arteries in the left area showed inadequate to direct the left hemisphere, but in the right arety showed that the right artery was adversely affected right and left brain.
Discussion : Traumatic CCFs are the most common type, accounting for up to 75% of all CCFs.87 They have been reported to occur in 0.2% of patients with craniocerebral trauma and in up to 4% of patients who sustain a basilar skull fractur.2 The symptoms and signs of CCF always include eyelid swelling, proptosis, chemosis, and hyperaemia, dilated of vessel and the condition is commonly misdiagnosed as Graves’ophthal-mopathy or inflammatory conjunctivitis.3Cerebral angiography is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis, classification, and planning of endovascular intervention in CCFs. Angiographic results in this patient showed a fistula in the left cavernous sinus and inadequate supply of the left artery to the left hemisphere.
Conclusion : This case is very unique because the left brain gets blood supply from the right carotid system, with the left carotid artery system inadequate to direct the left hemisphere because of the carotid cavernous fistula on the left side
Giant Olfactory Groove Meningioma in Pregnancy
Authors: Hutagalung Tommy Rizky , Faisal  , Dharmajaya Ridha
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Meningioma is slow growing neoplasm cells that comes from arachnoid cap most common benign intracranial tumours. Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGM) account for 8–13% of all intracranial meningiomas. Intracranial tumors on pregnancy is a rare event, with few reports.
Case Presentation: A 36-year-old- female (G11P9A1) 34 gestational week presented to the Adam Malik General Hospital with smelling disturbances for 6 months and lossing smelling sense in the past 1 month. Slowly progression of vision disturbances for 3 months without improvement in using glasses, progressive loss of vision in both eyes for the past 1 month. CT scan and MRI revealead a solid mass lesion, with 6.3 x 4.2 x 3.1 cm. It was a supratentorial in frontal region, olfactory groove mass. The Craniotomy tumor removal was performed in this patient.
Discussion: Meningiomas are mostly silent brain tumors with slow growth, however may get detected and mostly become symptomatic during pregnancy and luteal phase of menstrual cycle due to increase in size secondary to either water retention, enhanced vascularity or progesterones are possible etiologies. The majority of meningiomas express progesterone reseptor, which can be detected also by immunohistochemistry. In fact, tumour growth when progesterone concentrations are higher, shows the role of sex hormones in the mechanism. Regardless of the status of pregnancy, symptomatic and large meningiomas require surgical resection.
Conclusion: Changes of plasma concentration hormones during pregnancy and their effect on meningioma growth in the second and third trimester are crucial and critical. The management of brain lesions during pregnancy required professional collaboration between neurosurgeons, obstetricians and anesthesiologists.
Planum Sphenoidale Meningioma: A Rare Location of Skull Base Meningioma
Authors: Sinaga Patrice LWY , Faisal  , Dharmajaya Ridha
Published: April 2021

Background: Meningioma is common primary central nervous system tumors. Twenty-five percent of all meningioma consist of skull base meningioma. Planum sphenoidale meningiomas are rare. Planum sphenoidale meningiomas can extend into adjacent areas. Approximately two thirds of patients complain of failing vision in one eye as the first symptom.

Case Report: A 32-year-old woman presented with 6-month history of progressively worsening blurred of both of vision. She also complained her smell ability was reduced for 3 months. She had headache for 6 months. The pain was worsening in the morning. She is conscious. A neurologic examination revealed bilateral hyposmia and visual deficits but no weakness. Visus of oculo dextra was 1/300 and visus of oculo sinistra was no light perception. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) intravena contrast of brain revealed a large extra-axial mass measured ±6,2x5,9x6 cm centred on planum sphenoidale displacing both frontal lobes. She had an operation of tumor removal with cranio-orbito-zygotomy approach. The tumor, which measured ±7cmx7cmx6 cm, was succesfully removed completely. She gets improvement of smell ability and both visual postoperatively. The histopathology of the tumor revealed meningioma WHO grade I.

Discussion: Planum sphenoidale meningiomas present a frequently encountered pathology of the anterior skull base. These meningiomas give rise to an early visual disturbance with relatively slow progression. Displacement of the olfactory tracts and optic chiasm occur when the meningioma extends into the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Clinical presentation and diagnosis often occur in the late stage. Anosmia is one of common finding on physical examination. Postoperative improvement of visual symptoms depends on the preoperative duration of those symptoms.
Nasofrontal Mucocele Following after Craniotomy Procedure
Authors: Hutagalung Tommy Rizky , Mouza Abdurrahman
Published: April 2021

Introduction : Mucocele is a chronic, expanding, mucosa-lined lesion of the paranasal sinus characterized by mucous retention that can be infected becoming a mucopyocele. They originate from obstruction of the sinus ostium by congenital anomalies, infection, inflammation, allergy, trauma (including surgery) or a benign or malignant tumor.  The frontal sinuses are most commonly affected, and subsequently ethmoidal sinuses.

Case Report : A 56 years old man, presented with a lump on the left and right forehead accompanied by a protruding left eye since 6 months and is getting wors.  Patient with a history of craniectomy debridement surgery indicated for open depressed fracture due to an accident 12 years ago, then underwent a titanium mesh cranioplasty 11 years ago.  From examination of the head CT scan revealed a solid mass lesion filling the left and right frontal sinuses expands into the left orbital cavity. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed on the patient.

Discussion :  Mucoceles are mucous-secreting expansive pseudocystic formations, and capable of expansion by virtue of a dynamic process of bone resorption and new bone formation. They result from obstruction of a sinus ostium and frequently are related to a previous condition as chronic sinusitis, trauma, surgery or expansible lesion. With continued secretion and accumulation mucus, the increasing pressure causes atrophy or erosion of the bone of the sinus, allowing the mucocele to expand in the path of less resistance. This may be into the orbit, adjacent sinuses, nasal cavity, intracranial or through the skin; intracranial and orbital extension were demonstrated in this patient.

Conclusion : Frontal mucoceles are benign and curable, but early diagnosis and treatment of them is important. Open surgery remains a valid procedure in frontal mucoceles with orbital and/or intracranial extension and in cases where the district anatomy is unfavourable for a purely endonasal approach.
Agencia(s) indígena(s) en políticas públicas participativas en Norpatagonia: políticas de comanejo y relevamiento territorial
Authors: Guiñazú Samanta , Trentini Florencia , Ameghino Nadia
Published: April 2021

El artículo analiza la implementación de políticas públicas participativas e indigenistas en Norpatagonia. Articulando el enfoque etnográfico de políticas de comanejo y relevamiento territorial con análisis de normativas y documentos de gestión, profundiza las nociones de empoderamiento, cooptación y participación vinculadas a una visión esencializada de “lo indígena” operante en estas políticas. Asimismo, profundiza en formas situadas de agencia indígena que disputan y cuestionan formas modeladas de participación sobre las que se sostienen estas políticas, evidenciando intersticios entre empoderamiento y cooptación.
Capacidades humanas, democracia y Estado de bienestar habilitante: revitalización de la socialdemocracia en América Latina
Authors: Valenzuela Espinoza L. Iván
Published: April 2021

El Estado de Bienestar Habilitante Nórdico ha sido propuesto como modalidad para proseguir el desarrollo de la socialdemocracia. Un rasgo clave de esta propuesta dice relación con el fortalecimiento de las capacidades humanas sobre la base de “servicios públicos cultores de capacidades”. Esto se entrecruza sistémicamente con el desarrollo económico y tecnológico de una sociedad del conocimiento dinámica e innovadora, permitiendo hacer frente con éxito a nuevos desafíos y exigencias. La revisión teórica que lleva cabo el presente artículo tiene como propósito poner al descubierto los rasgos centrales de las complejas dinámicas que concurren en el fenómeno indicado. Asimismo, contribuye a un abordaje teórico serio en torno a la relevancia para América Latina, en un sentido amplio, del Estado de Bienestar Habilitante Nórdico y su desarrollo de las capacidades humanas, y, de modo particular, a la revitalización de los debates socialdemócratas de la región.
Resistencias y emociones del activismo en contextos represivos, autoritarios o violentos. Una introducción.
Authors: Poma Alice , Paredes Juan Pablo , Gravante Tommaso
Published: April 2021

Desde los años noventa del siglo pasado el campo de estudio de los movimientos sociales se ha enriquecido gracias a la incorporación de la dimensión emocional como factor explicativo de las luchas y las protestas sociales (véase Poma y Gravante 2017a, para un estado del arte actualizado en español). Las emociones han sido incorporadas al estudio de la protesta para analizar distintas etapas y procesos que caracterizan los movimientos sociales. Como sugiere Flam (2005) la mayoría de los trabajos que incorporan las emociones al estudio de la protesta se han centrado en los procesos de carácter micro-político, especialmente en el rol de las emociones en la movilización (mobilizing emotions) y en cómo los movimientos sociales transforman y gestionan los sentimientos de sus miembros. En cuanto al papel de las emociones en la motivación a la acción, ya mucha literatura ha confirmado que las emociones cuentan con una gran capacidad explicativa tanto a nivel individual como colectivo. A nivel individual las emociones motivan el activismo y permiten entender por qué los individuos deciden involucrarse en la acción, incluso cuando los costes de la movilización puedan superar sus beneficios, mientras que a nivel colectivo crearían el ambiente favorable para el desarrollo de la movilización. Por otro lado, a lo largo de estas décadas, la incorporación de la dimensión emocional ha permitido ayudar a explicar el origen, el desarrollo y el éxito o no, de un movimiento social, pero también ha permitido comprender las tensiones, divisiones y problemas internos de los grupos, lo que pasa cuando los movimientos terminan; participando de manera relevante en los procesos vinculados al desarrollo de estas experiencias, en la emergencia o fortalecimiento de la identidad colectiva,  la construcción de un marco de injusticia, la construcción de una amenaza común y del shock moral, así como los impactos de la protesta en su dimensión cultural y biográfica.
Campesinos, emociones y tentativas de resistencia armada a la dictadura empresarial-militar de Brasil
Authors: Teló Fabricio
Published: April 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre militantes de organizaciones armadas y campesinos durante la dictadura militar en Brasil (1964-1985). La atención se centra en cómo las emociones han interferido en los procesos de participación, desconexión y no participación de los campesinos en los intentos de formar grupos guerrilleros rurales, ya que las emociones son una importante forma de comprender mejor las acciones colectivas y la violencia política. El caso específico analizado en este artículo es el esfuerzo iniciado por el Comando de Liberación Nacional (Colina) en el campo del estado de Río de Janeiro y finalizado por la Vanguardia Revolucionaria Armada Palmares (VAR-Palmares) en la región fronteriza entre Maranhão y Tocantins. El estudio utiliza la historia oral como su metodología principal y se basa en entrevistas con sobrevivientes de ese período. El análisis también fue completado con archivos de la policía política.
Participación ciudadana en Políticas Públicas de Energía: reflexiones para un Chile energéticamente sustentable
Authors: Hernández P. Beatriz , Huepe Minoletti Claudio
Published: April 2021

: Este estudio analiza el estado actual de la relación entre participación ciudadana y formulación de políticas públicas, y la importancia de la opinión pública a la hora de tomar decisiones políticas relativas al medio ambiente y energía en Chile, usando en particular revisión de encuestas de opinión y entrevistas con expertos. Se analiza si los mecanismos de información y sensibilización ciudadana existentes en este ámbito corresponden a los que permiten una participación más efectiva de la ciudadanía. En ausencia de mecanismos claros de participación, se evalúa las encuestas de opinión pública para ver si alguno de los elementos relevantes de esta opinión, son considerados en las políticas actuales de eficiencia energética.  Luego se revisa si los mecanismos de información y sensibilización en temáticas de eficiencia energética han sido apropiados para los objetivos. Se concluye que se requiere importantes innovaciones institucionales y mejores prácticas para poder aspirar a una política pública con más participación relevante de la ciudadanía.
Injerencias en los procesos espaciales en ciudades brasileñas dinamizadas por el agronegocio: el caso de Primavera do Leste
Authors: Maschio Fioravanti Lívia
Published: April 2021

Tomando lo urbano como eje de investigación, dilucidamos la producción del espacio de las ciudades cuyos estudios generalmente enfatizan los flujos de aquello que se dice agronegocio, considerándolas como apoyo para la infraestructura y los servicios requeridos por el sector agrario. Partiendo de los procesos que atraviesan la ciudad de Primavera do Leste, ubicada en el centro-oeste de Brasil, defendemos que la concentración de tierra, de poder y de capital es la base de una urbanización brasileña controlada por un pequeño grupo de poseedores del poder económico y político. La injerencia ejercida por los “pioneros” de estas ciudades (que se consideran hoy parte del agronegocio) establecidas en medio a la dicha expansión de la frontera agrícola de la década de 1970, va más allá de la propiedad privada, alcanza las variadas dimensiones de la vida cotidiana y es uno de los elementos que explican la creciente segregación espacial.