bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Nursing Care of Gastric Bypass Patients
Authors: Barth Melissa M. , Jenson Carole E.
Published: November 2019

The incidence of morbid obesity is increasing epidemically in the United States. Multiple factors affect the disease process. Numerous methods have been used to treat morbid obesity. The current gold standard operation, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, has gained popularity. Because a variety of surgical procedures for weight loss are being performed and new procedures are being introduced, the delivery of specialized nursing care has come to the forefront. Nurses’ application of current nursing literature and standards of care for postoperative gastric bypass patients puts nurses in a pivotal position to affect both early and late outcomes of these patients after surgery. Morbid obesity is defined, and current treatment trends and postoperative complications are discussed. Recognition and identification of unique nursing considerations and use of critical thinking skills to best meet the needs of postoperative gastric bypass patients, including how obesity affects hemodynamic parameters and airway management, are highlighted.
Using Evidence and Process Improvement Strategies to Enhance Healthcare Outcomes for the Critically Ill: A Pilot Project
Authors: Hatler Carol W. , Mast Deanna , Corderella Jeannie , Mitchell Gina , Howard Kathleen , Aragon Jackie , Bedker Deborah
Published: November 2019

• Background Although the value of evidence-based practice may seem obvious, the process needed to produce more effective delivery of evidence-based healthcare is not obvious. Furthermore, the continuing escalation of healthcare costs fuels the desire of providers and consumers to undertake only those treatments that have benefit. One way to effect necessary changes in healthcare organizations is through focused, interdisciplinary, collaborative projects related to evidence-based practice.

• Objectives To reduce rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients in the medical intensive care unit of a large, urban tertiary referral hospital in the Southwest.

• Methods The theory of planned behavior served as the basis for providing staff members with research-based, easily controllable strategies that “fit” with the usual methods of care delivery. Implementation of the strategies and data collection were accomplished through routine rounds on patients and regular reporting of objective information.

• Results During a 15-month period, use of the selected strategies resulted in a 54% reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia, a 78% reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infections, and a 18% reduction in mean length of stay in the unit. Use of a multidisciplinary, environmentally tailored approach to concerns about patients’ care resulted in estimated cost savings of $1.0 million to $2.3 million.

• Conclusions Early, consistent communication about the project’s rationale, expected behavior, and outcomes enhanced the manageability and effectiveness of this change in an adult intensive care unit.
Physiological Monitoring for Critically Ill Patients: Testing a Predictive Model for the Early Detection of Sepsis
Authors: Giuliano Karen K.
Published: November 2019

• Objective To assess the predictive value for the early detection of sepsis of the physiological monitoring parameters currently recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.

• Methods The Project IMPACT data set was used to assess whether the physiological parameters of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate can be used to distinguish between critically ill adult patients with and without sepsis in the first 24 hours of admission to an intensive care unit.

• Results All predictor variables used in the analyses differed significantly between patients with sepsis and patients without sepsis. However, only 2 of the predictor variables, mean arterial pressure and high temperature, were independently associated with sepsis. In addition, the temperature mean for hypothermia was significantly lower in patients without sepsis. The odds ratio for having sepsis was 2.126 for patients with a temperature of 38°C or higher, 3.874 for patients with a mean arterial blood pressure of less than 70 mm Hg, and 4.63 times greater for patients who had both of these conditions.

• Conclusions The results support the use of some of the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. However, the lowest mean temperature was significantly less for patients without sepsis than for patients with sepsis, a finding that calls into question the clinical usefulness of using hypothermia as an early predictor of sepsis. Alone the group of variables used is not sufficient for discriminating between critically ill patients with and without sepsis.
Methods of arterial site skin preparation and dressing
Authors: Gabel-Hughes KS , Geelhoed GW
Published: November 2019

Before an arterial line is inserted, the skin at the site is prepped typically with the traditional iodophor-based preps. The arterial site is then covered with an occlusive dressing. When arterial lines are maintained for even a few days, it is not uncommon that some form of complication develops at the arterial site, such as redness, inflammation, positional problems, or even infection. Unfortunately, due to the nature of this traditional preparation and dressing method, the site is obscured constantly and complications are not always detected before a resulting infection occurs. This prospective study was designed to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of a new transparent prep, used with a transparent dressing at the arterial site. Sixty patients' arterial line sites were evaluated to determine the incidence of complications of the two arterial site prep and dressing methods. The effectiveness that the dressings may serve in securing the arterial lines in place was also evaluated. There were no complications in this study directly related to either skin preparation or dressing method, thus, there were no statistically significant differences. However, the transparent prep and transparent dressing method provided constant visual access to the arterial site and required fewer steps, clearly significant advantages not provided by the traditional method.
Whale watching in Sri Lanka: Understanding the metadata of crowd-sourced photographs on FlickrTM social media platform
Authors: Bandara Tharindu , Bandara Tharanga Prageeth
Published: November 2019

Data mining on social media platforms (Instagram™, Flickr™, and Twitter™) is rapidly increasing and application of data mining techniques has contributed to significant findings in various fields such as tourism, ecology, and politics etc. In the face of globalization and nature-based tourism is thriving in many countries, social media activity on tourism is increasing despite the socio-economical barriers. In this context, this paper attempts to understand the metadata of photographs related to whale watching in Sri Lanka in Flickr social media platform. Photographs related to whale watching was extracted and analyzed for i) photographic content ii) Geo-tags iii) Social-tags and iv) Photographers’ nationalities by using Flickr API (Application Programming Interface) and self-written python program script. Content analysis of the photographs has identified five major categories (human activity, accommodation, natural phenomena, animals and other) of photographs based on the major element present in each photograph. Mapping of geo-tagged photographs indicated that Mirissa was the hotspot for whale watching in Sri Lanka. Moreover, the present study suggests that mapping of geo-tagged photographs can be used as proxy data for whale distribution in Sri Lanka.  Analysis of social tags indicated that tags indicating whale (156), Sri Lanka (144) and Mirissa (133) were popular among the photographers. The demographic profile of the photographers indicated that the highest number of photographers (25%) from the United Kingdom followed by Sri Lanka (18.69%) and China (12.94%) interested in whale watching. Despite some of the weaknesses, this study has demonstrated that metadata of Flickr photographs can effectively be used for understanding the basic information related to whale-watching tourism in Sri Lanka.
Does mesh cage subsidence have any effect on functional outcome in spinal tuberculosis?
Authors: Rathod Tushar , Jogani Abhinav , Marathe Nandan , Masilamani Kalaivanan , Shende Chetan , Kamble Prashant
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Occurrence of mesh cage subsidence in patients undergoing anterior column reconstruction following Tuberculosis spine is frequent radiological finding as bone quality of affected vertebrae is poor. This study aims at determining effect of mesh cage subsidence on functional outcome. Methods: Retrospective demographics of 30 patients of consecutive series in age range 4-60 year were collected with Clinical outcome evaluation using VAS, ODI and ASIA scale. 30 patient having Dorsolumbar tuberculosis with vertebral involvement ranging from 1-6 with mean vertebral level involvement of 2.71, underwent anterior column reconstruction through posterior only approach between 2011-15 were reviewed. Patients were followed at regular intervals of 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months & thereafter on yearly basis. They were evaluated for interbody height loss with subsidence, fusion & segmental angle. Results: Clinical parameters i.e. VAS & ODI showed improvement in postoperative period which continued to remain same even after subsidence (P < 0.05). Subsidence was categorized as combined anterior + posterior < 5mm; 5 -10mm; >10mm. ODI at follow up was 8.5 ±4.62, 9 ± 2 and 9 ± 4.2 (P = 0.961) respectively & VAS score in above group was 1.3 ± 0.51, 1.5 ± 1.2 & 1.5 ± 0.7 (P = 0.975) respectively. Subsidence was age, spinal level nonspecific. Conclusion: Study indicates that though Cage subsidence occurs to varying severity due to weakened vertebral bodies, it did not have significant impact on functional outcome in terms of VAS, ODI or radiological evidence of fusion following reconstruction in Spinal tuberculosis.
Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Dyspeptic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Vaishnav Bhumika T. , Shaikh Sameer R. , Bamanikar Arvind A. , Kakrani Arjun Lal , Tambile Rahul R.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Multisystem involvement is a norm in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptom in people with diabetes. We aimed to study the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosal changes; presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection; and its significance in dyspeptic diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study done on 287 patients (147 patient with diabetes and 140 nondiabetic controls) with dyspepsia of more than 6 months duration. All patients underwent upper GI endoscopy and evaluation for HP infection. Gross and histopathological examination (HPE) features of biopsies from the esophagus, stomach (fundus, body, and antrum), and duodenum were analyzed and rapid urease test as well as HPE was done for HP detection. Statistical analysis was done and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P < 0.05 was considered to be
statistically significant. Results: Average age for dyspeptic T2DM patients was 56.0 ± 8.44 years. Total 67.35% diabetes patients were addicted to tobacco. Epigastric pain and heartburn were the most common symptoms. Antral gastritis was the most common gross (75.08%) and HPE (70.38%) finding in patients with diabetes. In all, 44.21% patients with diabetes tested positive for HP infection, and there was a statistically significant association of HP with T2DM when compared with nondiabetics (P < 0.00001). However, HP infection did not correlate significantly with either glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or duration of T2DM. Conclusion: Antral gastritis was a common finding in dyspeptic diabetic patients. HP infection although associated with T2DM dyspeptic patients, was not associated with either uncontrolled sugar levels or duration of diabetes.
A Combination of Self‑Expansile Metallic Stent and External Beam Radiotherapy in Management of Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma with Grade III Dysphagia and Beyond
Authors: Joshi Mohan , Gadahire Minakshi , Paranjape Ashwini , Kamble Ranjeet , Pawar Vishwajeet , Ansari Khurshid , Jain Ankita , Patel Richa
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives: Most of the patients of Esophageal Malignancy present in advanced stage. These patients receive palliative treatment. We wanted to evaluate whether combination of SEMS and RT improves the grade of dysphagia. Methods: 165 patients diagnosed with Advanced Esophageal Malignancy in middle third of Esophagus with grade III dysphagia were enrolled for the study. Demographic data, grade of dysphagia, improvement in the grade of dysphagia, complications and survival were studied. Follow up was done for a period of 1 year. Results: All patients grade of dysphagia improved from grade III- IV to grade I-II. One patient had stent migration. Thirty patients died in one year Followup. Conclusion: SEMS along with RT may provide survival benefit in advanced Esophageal Malignancy.
A Mathematical Expression to Predict the Influence of Ethanol Concentration on Distillation Behavior of Gasoline-Ethanol Fuel Blend and Impact of Non-Ionic Surfactant on E20 Fuel
Authors: Mitra Siddhartha , Adimoolam Rajendiran , Sutar Kashinath , Ganguli Debashis
Published: November 2019

Blending of primary alcohol in gasoline surges the vapour pressure significantly and exhibits azeotrope behaviour that effect severely on the atmospheric distillation yields. In this experiment, primary alcohol (Ethanol) were blended in varied volumetric proportion (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) with hydrocracked gasoline, influence on volatility behaviour and distillation properties were investigated. Physical properties of this blends were investigated for vapour pressure (VP), VLI, DI and distillation which were selected to evaluate the influence of alcohol in azeotrope behaviour of the fuel mix reflected through pattern of distillation curve (temperature vs % recovery range). This fuel mix exhibited rise in recovery at 700C (E70), VP, VLI and area of azeotrope with increase in % of alcohol volume in gasoline blend. A linear equation is established from the distillation data to predict the impact of % ethanol on % volume recovery and maximum temperature drop in distillation test of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends. Addition of non-ionic surfactant in ethanol blended gasoline (E20) reduces the azeotrope behaviour significantly and flattens the distillation curve. E70, vapour lock index (VLI), driveability index (DI) and area of azeotrope reduces proportionately with the increment of surfactant dosage (%) in E20. This provides a useful information for designing a suitable ethanol blended gasoline fuel, dedicated to spark ignition engine for all weather conditions.
Time to Play
Authors: Zimna Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

‘Play art’ or interactive art is becoming a central concept in the contemporary art world, disrupting the traditional role of passive observance usually assumed by audiences, allowing them active participation. The work of ‘play’ artists - from Carsten Holler’s ‘Test Site’ at the Tate Modern to Gabriel Orozco’s ‘Ping Pond Table’ - must be touched, influenced and experienced; the gallery-goer is no longer a spectator but a co-creator. Time to Play explores the role of play as a central but neglected concept in aesthetics and a model for ground-breaking modern and postmodern experiments that have intended to blur the boundary between art and life. Moving freely between disciplines, Katarzyna Zimna links the theory and history of 20th and 21st century art with ideas developed within play, game and leisure studies, and the philosophical theories of Kant, Gadamer and Derrida, to critically engage with current discussion on the role of the artist, viewers, curators and their spaces of encounter.

She combines a consideration of the philosophical implications of play with the examination of how it is actually used in modern and postmodern art - looking at Dada, Surrealism, Fluxus and Relational Aesthetics. Focusing mainly on process-based art, this bold book proposes a fresh approach - reaching beyond classical cultural theories of play.
Left Shift
Authors: Walker John A.
Published: November 2019

Compared to the 1960s, the 1970s is a neglected decade. This is a history of radical political art in Britain during the 1970s, art that sought to re-establish a social purpose. It argues that what was unique about the visual fine art of the decade was the impact of left-wing politics, women's liberation and the gay movement. Artists discussed include: Rashid Araeen, Conrad and Terry Atkinson, Joseph Beuys, Derek Boshier, Stuart Brisley, Victor Burgin, John Drugger, Gilbert and George, Margaret Harrison, Derek Jarman, John Latham, Mary Kelly, Bruce McLean, David Madalla, Jamie Reid, Jo Spence, John Stezaker and Stephen Willats who responded to the historical events of a period marked by economic and political crises. A wide variety of art forms is covered: banners, drawing, film, community murals, painting, performance, photography, photomontage, posters, sculpture and video. Many radical artists challenged prevailing art institutions, such as the Arts Council, often establishing alternatives, like the Artist's Union.

The book, which is set out on a year-by-year basis, also examines key conferences, exhibitions, galleries, magazines, organizations and critics; art theory and the various views of artists and critics meant that the 1970s was a decade of intellectual ferment.
Distributed observations of wind direction using microstructures attached to actively heated fiber-optic cables
Authors: Lapo Karl , Freundorfer Anita , Pfister Lena , Schneider Johann , Selker John , Thomas Christoph
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The weak-wind boundary layer is characterized by turbulent and submeso-scale motions that break the assumptions necessary for using traditional eddy covariance observations such as horizontal homogeneity and stationarity, motivating the need for an observational system that allows spatially resolving measurements of atmospheric flows near the surface. Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) potentially opens the door to observing a wide-range of atmospheric processes on a spatially distributed basis and to date has been used to resolve the turbulent fields of air temperature and wind speed on scales of second and decimeters. Here we report on progress developing a FODS technique for observing spatially distributed wind direction. We affixed microstructures shaped as cones to actively-heated fiber-optic cables with opposing orientations to impose directionally-sensitive convective heat fluxes from the fiber-optic cable to the air, leading to a difference in sensed temperature that depends on the wind direction. We demonstrate the behavior of a range of microstructure parameters including aspect ratio, spacing, and size and develop a simple deterministic model to explain the temperature differences as a function of wind speed. The mechanism behind the directionally-sensitive heat loss is explored using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations and infrared images of the cone-fiber system. While the results presented here are only relevant for observing wind direction along one dimension it is an important step towards the ultimate goal of a full three-dimensional, distributed flow sensor.
Los recursos naturales son poder: la geopolítica de las periferias latinoamericanas durante el 'boom' de precios de materias primas y el ascenso económico de China
Authors: Espinoza Piguave Edwin Ulises
Published: November 2019

El inicio del siglo XXI se caracteriza por la crisis del orden unipolar estadounidense, cuya principal manifestación es el ascenso de las economías emergentes o semiperiferias. La disputa entre centros y semiperiferias generó el contexto para que las periferias latinoamericanas aumenten su cuota de poder global. Este artículo analiza los factores que hicieron posible el periodo de empoderamiento de la región latinoamericana a inicios del siglo XXI, la estrategia geopolítica seguida por los gobiernos de la región, los resultados de esta estrategia y el declive de su efectividad. El empoderamiento regional latinoamericano, estuvo basado en una alianza de intereses geopolíticos y económicos con las semiperiferias, principalmente China; en el poder negociador que generaba la demanda mundial de sus recursos naturales; y en los ingresos recibidos por sus exportaciones. Esta estrategia era vulnerable pues su efectividad se sostenía en los recursos monetarios percibidos por la exportación primaria. Al caer los precios de los bienes primarios, los gobiernos afines al multilateralismo perdieron el apoyo de la población, así como esta nueva cuota de poder internacional. Por tanto, la estrategia latinoamericana adoleció de las mismas debilidades que su comercio exterior al estar basada en la profundización de su condición de periferia.
Factors That Would Argue in Favour and Against the Introduction of HRM in the Public Sector: A Retrospective Study
Authors: MANSARAY HASSAN ELSAN
Published: November 2019

This study critically discusses the argument for and against the establishment of HRM in the public sector and the challenges faced in terms of staff motivation, cultural change of tenure of office of public servants and downsizing of staff. The study found that the development was slanted by a variety of reasons, comprising amplified competitive pressures triggered by deregulation and globalization, and the inspiration of distinguished scholars in the US and the UK. The aim is to provide chances for a new type of analysis call the new industrial relations. Which is alternative means of individualizing industrial relations - management will now focus more attention on individual employees than collectively. The introduction of HRM in the public sector was as a desire for governments to provide increase quality public services. In this vein, the need for efficient public sector organizations emerged. Moreover, reactions all over the world have centered on pinpointing the main business of government was to exposed the public sector to rivalry; and subcontracting aspect of service provision and support functions. The failure of old-fashioned controls had created customer/user choice. It was on these communities’ expectations that governments are becoming facilitator instead of straight provider of public services. However, the costs of accepting HRM practices and values were contended to have intended to expurgate employees’ benefits and wages. Also brought changes on the culture and structure in the public service accompanied by cutting back staff.
Consideraciones Bioéticas para el trasplante de órganos
Authors: Portillo Silvia Margarita
Published: November 2019

La implementación de procedimientos de donación y trasplante de órganos requiere de habilidades médicas y quirúrgicas que han sido ampliamente desarrolladas desde el siglo pasado y que se han consolidado en el presente. Sin embargo, se requiere que los países que ven éstos como la oportunidad de prolongar la vida de sus habitantes con enfermedades graves y sin otra opción terapéutica, hagan consideraciones bioéticas que garanticen el respeto a los deberes y derechos propios de la dignidad humana de todos los involucrados, con el fin de evitar violación de derechos humanos universales y garantizar el éxito clínico.
A Comparison of Perceived Social Anxiety among Individual and Team Sports Participant High School Students
Authors: Üstün Ümit Doğan , Yapıcı Adem
Published: November 2019

This paper aimed to investigate individual or team sports participant high school students’ perceived social anxietylevels according to their sports branch, the weekly duration/day of doing sports, the aim for doing sports and gender.Two hundred high school students (Mage=16.29 ± 1.11) participated in the study. The study designed as across-sectional study and the Turkish version of Social Anxiety for Adolescents (SAS-A) used as the data gatheringtool. In the evaluation of data independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical methods used as thehypothesis tests. According to the study findings, there was not any significant difference in the variable socialanxiety according to the sports branch and the weekly duration/day of doing sports. However, significant differenceswere found between individual sports participants’ social anxiety according to aim for doing sports and gender. As aresult, this paper showed that professional individual sports participants had higher perceived social avoidance anddistress for general and new situations. Also, male individual sports participants reported a higher fear of negativeevaluation than females.
Vzpomínky na vývoj katedry mezinárodního (a evropského) práva v Brně a rozvoj oborů mezinárodní právo veřejné a právo EU v letech 1974–2019
Authors: Týč Vladimír
Published: November 2019

Cíl této studie je dvojí. Je především stručným pohledem na historii katedry mezinárodního (a evropského) práva od jejího založení do současnosti, zejména pokud jde o personální složení a odborné zaměření. Druhým cílem je zmapování a vyhodnocení přínosu katedry k rozvoji oborů mezinárodní právo veřejné a právo EU, včetně větve duševního vlastnictví. O oboru mezinárodní právo soukromé pojednává zvláštní studie.Pro přehlednost je text členěn do tří částí, odpovídajících třem obdobím: první do roku 1990, druhé poté do roku 2010 a třetí zahrnující poslední léta a současnost. Zatímco první období bylo ve znamení rozjezdu a budování nové katedry na nové fakultě, druhé období znamenalo v nových podmínkách bouřlivý rozvoj odborné i pedagogické činnosti. Katedra rozšířila svoji působnost o nový velmi dynamický obor právo Evropské unie. V posledním období do současnosti pokračuje bohatá vědecká a pedagogická činnost a stabilizuje se personální složení týmu katedry.Studie dochází k závěru, že katedra významnou měrou přispívá k rozvoji svých oborů, zajišťuje bohatou a hodnotnou pedagogickou činnost a dostala se tak na špičku podobných pracovišť v ČR.
Mít zájem o svůj obor a dobrý vztah ke studujícím
Authors: Hajn Petr
Published: November 2019

Autor statě zasvěcenou i zábavnou formou vypráví o svém studiu na pražské právnické fakultě a zjišťuje, co mu toto studium přineslo pro jeho pozdější činnost v podnikové praxi a dlouholeté působení jako pedagoga na právnické fakultě v Brně. Přináší tak i obecnější podnětná zjištění o počínání a mentalitě vysokoškolských učitelů a jejich studentů.
High-exposure-durability, high-quantum-efficiency (>90%) backside-illuminated soft-X-ray CMOS sensor
Authors: Harada Tetsuo , Teranishi Nobukazu , Watanabe Takeo , Zhou Quan , Bogaerts Jan , Wang Xinyang
Published: November 2019

We develop a high-quantum-efficiency, high-exposure-durability backside-illuminated CMOS image sensor for soft-X-ray detection. The backside fabrication process is optimized to reduce the dead-layer thickness, and the Si-layer thickness is increased to 9.5 μm to reduce radiation damage. Our sensor demonstrates a high quantum efficiency of >90% in the photon-energy range of 80–1000 eV. Further, its EUV-regime efficiency is ∼100% because the dead-layer thickness is only 5 nm. The readout noise is as low as 2.5 e− rms and the frame rate as high as 48 fps, which makes the device practical for general soft X-ray experiments.
Computer-aided simulation and exergy analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles production via green chemistry
Authors: Meramo-Hurtado Samir , Moreno-Sader Kariana , González-Delgado Ángel D.
Published: November 2019

Background

The production of photocatalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 has received increasing interest for biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. However, the conventional synthesis of such materials faces several environmental concerns.

Methods

In this work, green synthesis is addressed to prepare TiO2 nanoparticles at large scale using Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). This process was designed and modeled using computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) in order to obtain the extended mass/energy balances, as well as operating parameters. Process simulation was carried out using the commercial software Aspen Plus®. In addition, energy performance of large-scale nanoparticle production was analyzed to identify alternatives for process improvement from an exergetic point of view.

Results

The production capacity of the plant was estimated as 1,496 t/y of TiO2 nanoparticles by the conversion of 32,675 t/y lemongrass and 5,724 t/y TTIP. Hence, the overall production yield is 0.26 kg TiO2/kg TTIP. Exergy analysis reported an overall exergy efficiency of 0.27% and an exergy loss of 159,824.80 MJ/h. These results suggest that such a process requires the implementation of process improvement strategies to reach a more sustainable design from energy and thermodynamic viewpoints.
ANTUSIASME MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG KUMUH METROPOLITAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors: Hermawan Surya , Muliawan Hanesha Nithalya , Hauwing William , Yohanna Citra
Published: November 2019

Masalah kesejahteraan warga kampung perkotaan yang padat dan kumuh di kota metropolitan Surabaya menjadi perhatian pemerintahan saat ini. Kesejahteraan warga bisa di­ukur dari perkenonomiannya. Perekonomian yang baik dapat dicapai dengan berwirausaha. Namun, tidak banyak warga kampung perkotaan yang berwirausaha dikarenakan kekurangan modal. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabadian masyarakat bermetode service learning ini adalah untuk memfasilitasi warga dalam peningkatan kualitas kesehatan dan kesejahteraan. Kegiatan ini dibagi dalam beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pra-pelaksanaan berupa survei dan penggalangan dana, tahap pelaksanaan berupa lomba anak-anak, lomba mengecat tong sampah, dan penge­cat­an & pengisian kolam lele, tahap pasca-pelaksaan berupa acara ramah-tamah. Hasil dari program ini adalah pembuangan sampah warga yang terfasilitasi dan peningkatan perekono­mian warga melalui wirausaha ternak lele. Kedepannya, hasil dari program ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan kesejahteraan warga
RNA‐sequence‐based microRNA expression signature in breast cancer: tumor‐suppressive miR‐101‐5p regulates molecular pathogenesis
Authors: Toda Hiroko , Seki Naohiko , Kurozumi Sasagu , Shinden Yoshiaki , Yamada Yasutaka , Nohata Nijiro , Moriya Shogo , Idichi Tetsuya , Maemura Kosei , Fujii Takaaki , Horiguchi Jun , Kijima Yuko , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: November 2019

Aberrantly expressed microRNA (miRNA) are known to disrupt intracellular RNA networks in cancer cells. Exploring miRNA‐dependent molecular networks is a major challenge in cancer research. In this study, we performed RNA‐sequencing of breast cancer (BrCa) clinical specimens to identify tumor‐suppressive miRNA in BrCa. In total, 64 miRNA were identified as candidate tumor‐suppressive miRNA in BrCa cells. Analysis of our BrCa signature revealed that several miRNA duplexes (guide strand/passenger strand) derived from pre‐miRNA were downregulated in BrCa tissues (e.g. miR‐99a‐5p/‐3p, miR‐101‐5p/‐3p, miR‐126‐5p/‐3p, miR‐143‐5p/‐3p, and miR‐144‐5p/‐3p). Among these miRNA, we focused on miR‐101‐5p, the passenger strand of pre‐miR‐101, and investigated its tumor‐suppressive roles and oncogenic targets in BrCa cells. Low expression of miR‐101‐5p predicted poor prognosis in patients with BrCa (overall survival rate: P = 0.0316). Ectopic expression of miR‐101‐5p attenuated aggressive phenotypes, e.g. proliferation, migration, and invasion, in BrCa cells. Finally, we identified seven putative oncogenic genes (i.e. High Mobility Group Box 3, Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1, GINS complex subunit 1 (GINS1), Tumor Protein D52, Serine/Arginine‐Rich Splicing Factor Kinase 1, Vang‐like protein 1, and Mago Homolog B) regulated by miR‐101‐5p in BrCa cells. The expression of these target genes was associated with the molecular pathogenesis of BrCa. Furthermore, we explored the oncogenic roles of GINS1, whose function had not been previously elucidated, in BrCa cells. Aberrant expression of GINS1 mRNA and protein was observed in BrCa clinical specimens, and high GINS1 expression significantly predicted poor prognosis in patients with BrCa (overall survival rate: P = 0.0126). Knockdown of GINS1 inhibited the malignant features of BrCa cells. Thus, identification of tumor‐suppressive miRNA and molecular networks controlled by these miRNA in BrCa cells may be an effective strategy for elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease.
A study on the visibility of chromatic and achromatic color lines to visually challenged people
Authors: Iwata Michico , Kitamoto Hiroyuki
Published: November 2019

Visually challenged people require visual contrasts between targets and backgrounds. The authors performed a laboratory experiment to gauge the visibility of lines under 100 and 1000 lx illuminance conditions. These lines provide an essential reference point for the visually challenged when walking. In this paper, we test their visibility, based on the contrast of lines and backgrounds, in chromatic and achromatic color combinations. A total of 43 colors were used for the target lines, and three achromatic colors were used for the backgrounds. Therefore, a total of 129 color combinations were used. Data from this experiment may assist in the design of walking lines on pavement surfaces, which can provide directions, warnings and other useful guidance to visually challenged people.
Legalization of marijuana takes another step forward
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2019

With approval by the House Judiciary Committee of the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act (MORE Act) last week, federal legalization of marijuana took a historic step forward. “With today's mark‐up of the MORE Act, the United States is coming one step closer to ending the devastating harms of marijuana prohibitions,” said Maria McFarland Sánchez‐Moreno, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), in a statement released by the DPA Nov. 20.
A Naturally Integrated Smart Textile for Wearable Electronics Applications
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Fu Yulin , Xiao Yuxiang , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei
Published: November 2019

Smart textiles, which integrate different electronic devices in yarns, fabrics, or garments, have the ability to perceive and respond to environmental stimuli. With the features of mechanical flexibility, knittable integration, and wearable comfort, smart textiles have great potential in wearable electronics. Here, a naturally integrated force sensing textile based on knittable composite coaxial fibers is proposed. A flexible commercial nylon fiber works as a substrate, an evaporated Au layer serves as an inner electrode, and carbon nanotubes and polyaniline act as piezoresistive sensing materials in the coaxial fibers. The assembled sensor retains both high detection performance and outstanding integration properties. A high detection limit, fast response, reversible recovery, mechanical stability, and good repeatability are realized in this sensor. Subsequently, the potential of using a coaxial fiber to achieve naturally knitted structures by an embroidery method is explored. A sensing array can be integrated into designed patterns and can achieve multiple site force measurements. Furthermore, with the flexibility and porosity of textiles, these smart textiles provide breathability in wearable applications, which is valuable in long‐term detection. It is anticipated that the naturally knitted smart textile will be practical in wearable healthcare and long‐term force perception.
Highly Efficient, Simplified Monochrome and White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices based on Novel Exciplex Host
Authors: Sheng Ren , Li Asu , Zhang Fujun , Song Jian , Duan Yu , Chen Ping
Published: November 2019

The exciplex co‐host system is one of the most promising candidates for developing phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high performance. However, highly effective exciplex co‐host system that is able to realize color‐pure monochrome OLED and superior color‐stable white OLED simultaneously is rarely reported so far. Herein, a novel exciplex co‐host system formed by the donor of (N,N′‐dicarbazolyl‐3,5‐benzene) (MCP) and the acceptor of 4,6‐bis[3,5‐(dipyrid‐3‐yl)‐phenyl]‐2‐phenylpyrimidine (B4PyPPM) is constructed successfully to achieve efficient phosphorescent OLEDs. By employing simple device structure with only two organic transport materials, the blue, green, orange, and red phosphorescent OLEDs based on the universal exciplex co‐host exhibit stable color purity as well as maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.1%, 26.3%, 24.6%, 19.8%, respectively. By combining blue and orange emitters, white OLED with a high efficiency of 73.6 lm W−1 is demonstrated with an extremely minor Commission Internationale de L, Eclairage coordinates variation of (0.008, 0.002) over a large luminance range, which is attributed to the balanced charge transport property and multiple funneling energy transfer paths.
Biallelic variants p.Arg1133Cys and p.Arg1379Cys in COL2A1: Further delineation of phenotypic spectrum of recessive Type 2 collagenopathies
Authors: Girisha Katta M. , Bhavani Gandham S. , Shah Hitesh , Moirangthem Amita , Shukla Anju , Kim Ok‐Hwa , Nishimura Gen , Mortier Geert R.
Published: November 2019

The phenotypic spectrum of Type 2 collagenopathies ranges from lethal achondrogenesis Type 2 to milder osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia. All of them are monoallelic except for the two recent reports showing that biallelic variants in COL2A1 can cause spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in two children. Here we report two additional families with homozygous variants, c.4135C>T (p.Arg1379Cys) and c.3190C>T (p.Arg1133Cys) in COL2A1 resulting in two distinct skeletal dysplasia phenotypes of intermediate severity. Though all six patients from four families exhibit a spondylo‐epimetaphyseal dysplasia, they demonstrate a wide variation in severity of short stature and involvement of epiphyses, metaphyses, and vertebrae. We hypothesize that the variants are likely to be hypomorphic, given the underlying mechanisms of disease causation for known heterozygous variants in COL2A1. With this report, we provide further evidence to the existence of autosomal recessive Type 2 collagenopathy.
SCN1A Variants in vaccine‐related febrile seizures: A prospective study
Authors: Damiano John A. , Deng Lucy , Li Wenhui , Burgess Rosemary , Schneider Amy L. , Crawford Nigel W. , Buttery Jim , Gold Michael , Richmond Peter , Macartney Kristine K. , Hildebrand Michael S. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Wood Nicholas , Berkovic Samuel F.
Published: November 2019

Objective

Febrile seizures may follow vaccination. Common variants in the sodium channel gene, SCN1A, are associated with febrile seizures, and rare pathogenic variants in SCN1A cause the severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy Dravet syndrome. Following vaccination, febrile seizures may raise the specter of poor outcome and inappropriately implicate vaccination as the cause. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SCN1A variants in children having their first febrile seizure either proximal to vaccination or unrelated to vaccination compared to controls.

Methods

We performed SCN1A sequencing, blind to clinical category, in a prospective cohort of children presenting with their first febrile seizure as vaccine proximate (n = 69) or as non–vaccine proximate (n = 75), and children with no history of seizures (n = 90) recruited in Australian pediatric hospitals.

Results

We detected 2 pathogenic variants in vaccine‐proximate cases (p.R568X and p.W932R), both of whom developed Dravet syndrome, and 1 in a non–vaccine‐proximate case (p.V947L) who had febrile seizures plus from 9 months. All had generalized tonic–clonic seizures lasting >15 minutes. We also found enrichment of a reported risk allele, rs6432860‐T, in children with febrile seizures compared to controls (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–2.81).

Interpretation

Pathogenic SCN1A variants may be identified in infants with vaccine‐proximate febrile seizures. As early diagnosis of Dravet syndrome is essential for optimal management and outcome, SCN1A sequencing in infants with prolonged febrile seizures, proximate to vaccination, should become routine. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:281–288
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [4+3] Cyclization of Trimethylenemethane: Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Construction of Benzofuro[3,2‐b]azepine Skeletons
Authors: Liu Yang‐Zi , Wang Zhongao , Huang Zesheng , Zheng Xing , Yang Wu‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: November 2019

The palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+3] cyclization of trimethylenemethane donors with benzofuran‐derived azadienes furnishes chiral benzofuro[3,2‐b]azepine frameworks in high yields (up to 98 %) with exclusive regioselectivities and excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 d.r., >99 % ee). This catalytic asymmetric [4+3] cyclization of Pd‐trimethylenemethane can enrich the arsenal of Pd‐TMM reactions in organic synthesis. In addition, this strategy provides an alternative approach to chiral azepines by a transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+3] cyclization.
Regiodivergent Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Ketimines for the Diverse Synthesis of Azacycles
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hui , Tian Jun‐Song , Tan Peng‐Wei , Cao Qiang , Zhang Xue‐Xin , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Zhou Feng , Wang Xin , Zhou Jian
Published: November 2019

Azacycles such as indoles and tetrahydroquinolines are privileged structures in drug development. Reported here is an unprecedented regiodivergent intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction of imines as a flexible approach to access N‐functionalized indoles and tetrahydroquinolines, by the control of reaction at the N‐terminus and C‐terminus, respectively. Using ketimines derived from 2‐(2‐nitroethyl)anilines with isatins or α‐ketoesters, the regioselective N‐attack reaction gives N‐functionalized indoles, while the catalytic enantioselective C‐attack reaction affords chiral tetrahydroquinolines featuring an α‐tetrasubstituted stereocenter. Mechanistic studies reveal that hydrogen‐bonding interactions may greatly facilitate such unusual N‐attack reactions of imines. The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of (−)‐psychotrimine, and the construction of various fused aza‐heterocycles.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C(sp3)−H Insertion Reaction of Quinoid Carbene: A Radical Mechanism
Authors: Wang Hai‐Xu , Richard Yann , Wan Qingyun , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: November 2019

Described herein is an IrIII/porphyrin‐catalyzed intermolecular C(sp3)−H insertion reaction of a quinoid carbene (QC). The reaction was designed by harnessing the hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of a metal‐QC species with aliphatic substrates followed by a radical rebound process to afford C−H arylation products. This methodology is efficient for the arylation of activated hydrocarbons such as 1,4‐cyclohexadienes (down to 40 min reaction time, up to 99 % yield, up to 1.0 g scale). It features unique regioselectivity, which is mainly governed by steric effects, as the insertion into primary C−H bonds is favored over secondary and/or tertiary C−H bonds in the substituted cyclohexene substrates. Mechanistic studies revealed a radical mechanism for the reaction.
Model‐Based Nanoengineered Pharmacokinetics of Iron‐Doped Copper Oxide for Nanomedical Applications
Authors: Naatz Hendrik , Manshian Bella B. , Rios Luci Carla , Tsikourkitoudi Vasiliki , Deligiannakis Yiannis , Birkenstock Johannes , Pokhrel Suman , Mädler Lutz , Soenen Stefaan J.
Published: November 2019

The progress in nanomedicine (NM) using nanoparticles (NPs) is mainly based on drug carriers for the delivery of classical chemotherapeutics. As low NM delivery rates limit therapeutic efficacy, an entirely different approach was investigated. A homologous series of engineered CuO NPs was designed for dual purposes (carrier and drug) with a direct chemical composition–biological functionality relationship. Model‐based dissolution kinetics of CuO NPs in the cellular interior at post‐exposure conditions were controlled through Fe‐doping for intra/extra cellular Cu2+ and biological outcome. Through controlled ion release and reactions taking place in the cellular interior, tumors could be treated selectively, in vitro and in vivo. Locally administered NPs enabled tumor cells apoptosis and stimulated systemic anti‐cancer immune responses. We clearly show therapeutic effects without tumor cells relapse post‐treatment with 6 % Fe‐doped CuO NPs combined with myeloid‐derived suppressor cell silencing.
An Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cathode Based on S–Se Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Si Yubing , Han Zixiao , Li Junjie , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: November 2019

A diphenyl trisulfide–selenium nanowire (DPTS‐Se) organic–inorganic hybrid cathode material is presented for rechargeable lithium batteries. During discharge, three voltage plateaus associated with three lithiation processes are observed. During recharge, the combination of the radicals formed upon delithiation leads to several new phenyl sulfoselenide compounds which are confirmed by HPLC‐QTof‐MS. The hybrid cathode exhibits superior cycling stability over pristine Se or DPTS as cathode alone. The first discharge shows a capacity of 96.5 % of the theoretical specific capacity and the cell retains 69.2 % of the initial capacity over 250 cycles. The hybrid cathode also shows a high Coulombic efficiency of over 99 % after 250 cycles. This study demonstrates that the combination of organic polysulfide and selenium can not only improve the utilization of active materials but also enhance the cycling performance.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive 1,2‐Carboamination of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: He Jun , Xue Yuhang , Han Bo , Zhang Chunzhu , Wang You , Zhu Shaolin
Published: November 2019

Starting from diverse alkene‐tethered aryl iodides and O‐benzoyl‐hydroxylamines, the enantioselective reductive cross‐electrophilic 1,2‐carboamination of unactivated alkenes was achieved using a chiral pyrox/nickel complex as the catalyst. This mild, modular, and practical protocol provides rapid access to a variety of β‐chiral amines with an enantioenriched aryl‐substituted quaternary carbon center in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. This process reveals a complementary regioselectivity when compared to Pd and Cu catalysis.
Enantioselective Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck/Sonogashira Sequence
Authors: Zhou Lujia , Li Sanliang , Xu Bing , Ji Danting , Wu Lizuo , Liu Yu , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Zhang Junliang
Published: November 2019

Sonogashira‐type cross‐couplings are one of the most significant alkynylations in organic chemistry. One of the first palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck/Sonogashira reactions of alkenes with terminal alkynes is now reported. With this method, a variety of uniquely substituted chiral benzene‐fused heterocycles bearing a propargyl‐substituted all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter were obtained in a straightforward, high‐yielding, and highly stereoselective manner under mild conditions. Salient features of this process include the use of readily available substrates, high selectivities, a broad substrate scope as well as versatile product functionalizations.