bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kadı Burhaneddin Divanı’nda Toprak İle İlgili Hâksâr İfadesinin Kullanımı ve Düşündürdükleri
Authors: ÖZDİL Hatice
Published: September 2018

Toprak, insanın ve dünyanın yaratılışının ana maddelerinden biri olarak
kabul edilir. Dolayısıyla, toplumumuzda toprak kavramına birçok açıdan kutsiyet
yüklenmiş ve toprak tevazu, bereket, teslimiyet, sadakat sembolü olarak
kullanılmıştır. Kadı Burhaneddin Divanı’nda altı defa kullanılan hâksâr
kelimesi, şairin şiirlerinde sevgilinin üstün güzelliği karşısında perişan
olan, yüzünü gözünü toprağa süren, sevgilinin ayak toprağına kapanan zavallı,
zelîl bir âşık manzarası çizer. Çalışmamızda Kadı Burhaneddin’in “hâksâr”
ifadesini kullandığı şiirlerinde, âşığın sevgilinin güzelliği karşısında
perişan bir durumda kendini toprakla bütünleştirmesi, kendini taşa toprağa
vurması, yüzüne gözüne toprak bulaması sonucu oluşan bu acınacak tabloyu bir
şair gözüyle nasıl ifade ettiği anlatılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Faiz Oranları, Döviz Kurları ve Çekirdek Fiyat Endeksleri Arasındaki Dinamik İlişkiler: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Kofoğlu İsmail Hakkı , Küçükkale Yakup , Yamak Rahmi
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada çekirdek fiyat endeksleri (A, B, C, D) ve TÜFE ile Faiz, USD ve EURO
arasındaki dinamik ilişkiler Türkiye’nin 2003Q1-2016Q4 dönemi için
araştırılmıştır.  Bu bağlamda değişkenler
arasındaki ilişki, birim kök, eş-bütünleşme ve nedensellik testleri ile analiz
edilmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre çekirdek fiyat endeksi A ile
Faiz-USD ve Faiz-Euro; Çekirdek Fiyat endeksi C ile Faiz-USD ve Faiz-Euro;
çekirdek fiyat endeksi D ile Faiz-EURO arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi
belirlenmiştir. Nedensellik analizine göre USD’den Faize doğru tek yönlü ve
EURO ile Faiz arasında ise çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca,   Euro’dan çekirdek
fiyat endeksi A, C ve D’ye tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu
görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak EURO’dan çekirdek fiyat endeksi A, C ve D’ ye
geçişkenlik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Aile Katılımlı ve Aile Katılımsız Sosyal Beceri Eğitiminin Çocukların Sosyal Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: CEYLAN Remziye , YİĞİTALP Nihal
Published: September 2018

Bu
araştırmada, sosyal beceri eğitiminin çocukların sosyal becerileri üzerindeki
etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında, bir devlet
üniversitesinin okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam eden altı yaş grubundaki
çocuklarla yapılmıştır. Ön test - son test -kalıcılık testi - kontrol gruplu
yarı deneysel yöntem kullanılan araştırmada, sadece sosyal beceri eğitimi
uygulanan bir grup, aile katılımlı sosyal beceri uygulanan bir grup ve Milli
Eğitim Programı uygulanan kontrol grubu yer almıştır. Sosyal beceri eğitimi
uygulamaları sınıfta öğretmenler tarafından 10 hafta süre ile haftada üç gün
yapılmış, aile katılımlı gruba ayrıca her hafta bir aile katılımı etkinliği
yaptırılmıştır. Sosyal beceri eğitimi uygulamalarının sonrasında, deney
grubundaki çocukların sosyal beceri ölçeği toplam puanlarının ve alt
boyutlardaki puanlarının kontrol grubundaki çocuklardan son test ve kalıcılık
testlerinde anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kalıcılık
testinde gruplar arasındaki farkın devam ettiği gözlenmiştir.
A New Approach To The Treatment of Leıshmaniasis: Quercetin-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles
Authors: ABAMOR Emrah Şefik
Published: September 2018

Antileishmanial drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis
are toxic and expensive. Moreover, parasites have recently developed resistance
against them. Hence there is an increasing need for developing new
antileishmanial medicines. Quercetin, found in the roots, leaves and fruits of
many plants, is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid. Quercetin has antibacterial,
antiviral, anti-carcinogenic, and antioxidant properties. On the other hand,
because of its weak solubility in water, quercetin has had limited use on
humans. To increase its bio-availability and maximize its therapeutic effects,
quercetin has recently been encapsulated with nanoparticulate carrier systems.
The aim of this study is to encapsulate quercetin in bio-degradable,
bio-compatible poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles, to characterize the
synthesized nanoparticles and to analyze their in vitro antileishmanial
efficacy on L.infantum parasites. Quercetin-loaded PCL nanoparticles (QPNPs)
were synthesized using oil-in-water single emulsion solvent evaporation method.
Their characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
dynamic light scattering (DLS) equipments. Encapsulation effectiveness and release
profiles of QPNPs are calculated with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The
antileishmanial effectiveness of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed in
L.infantum promastigote culture and amastigote-macrophage culture. The results
indicated that QPNPs had an average size of 380 nm, a zeta potential of -6.56
mV, and a PDI value of 0.21. The measurements showed the quercetin-loaded
nanoparticles to have an encapsulation effectiveness of 64% and a reaction
efficiency of 55%. After an incubation of 192 hours, nanoparticles were seen to
release 58% of their quercetin content. The synthesized QPNPs had IC50 values
on L.infantum promastigotes and amastigotes of 86 and 144 µg/mL respectively.
This means that QPNPs have reduced the vitality of promastigotes about 20 times
and of amastigotes about 5 times as compared to the control group. These
results demonstrate the strong antileishmanial potentials of QPNPs. It is
believed that if these positive findings are supported by further in vivo
studies, QPNPs may be used in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
La perspectiva política en la construcción de una agenda de integración económica interamericana desde la experiencia colombiana
Authors: Escobar Escobar Natalia , Jiménez Jaramillo Gonzalo
Published: September 2018

Este artículo señala la importancia de la dimensión política en los procesos de unificación como escenario de los países para potenciar su crecimiento a partir de su ordenamiento jurídico y su legitimidad internacional sin un detrimento de su soberanía. Asimismo, expone lineamientos que desde la experiencia colombiana permiten la construcción de una agenda política para las relaciones económicas en el marco interamericano y obliga a la observancia de los derechos humanos como la principal condición para la integración.
Desigualdad y pobreza. Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, un caso ejemplar
Authors: Muñoz Cardona Ángel Emilio
Published: September 2018

Si partimos del axioma, según el cual uno de los principales objetivos del gasto público es reducir la pobreza, porque justifica el consenso ciudadano que da vida a la existencia de una sociedad para el bien común, puede afirmarse que el gasto social coadyuva al fortalecimiento de la democracia de los países. De allí, la pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo fortalecer la inclusión social en economías globalizadas dentro de un Estado social de derecho?, ¿cómo reducir la pobreza, para que sea posible la vida social y comunitaria digna? El ensayo se basa en los logros alcanzados en el índice de condiciones de vida de los municipios del Valle de Aburrá con una densidad poblacional de 3.777.009 en el 2015; una muestra aleatoria con distribución proporcional de 12.786 encuestas, (10.725 área urbana y 2.061 área rural); para un nivel de confianza del 97,9 % y un margen de error del 1 %. La investigación concluye que la unión municipal es determinante para la reducción de la pobreza, a través de la conformación de áreas metropolitanas o de provincias en la administración y planificación del territorio.
Parametrizaciones de curvas y superficies: Construcción de sólidos con GeoGebra 3D
Authors: Mora Picado Luis Fernando
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se presenta la elaboración de sólidos con sus respectivas aristas, generados por la intersección de superficies, utilizando para ello el software libre GeoGebra 3D, elaborado por Hohenwarter (2015), lo que se hace una inducción rápida de los comandos que se utilizarán, así como una breve reseña de como parametrizar segmentos de curvas, en el programa.

Paso a paso se construyen ejemplos, sobre la construcción de secciones de curvas y las áreas determinadas por dichas curvas elaboradas previamente, dando así forma a los sólidos que pretenden construir.

 Además, se brinda al lector algunos ejercicios para que ponga en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos, así como algunas soluciones de los ejercicios planteados.
El algoritmo PSO aplicado al problema de particionamiento de datos cuantitativos
Authors: Chavarría Molina Jeffry , Fallas Monge Juan José
Published: September 2018

Este artículo muestra la aplicación del algoritmo de Enjambre de Partículas (Particle Swarm Optimization: PSO) al problema de particionamiento de datos cuantitativos. Se enfatiza particularmente en la calibración de los parámetros de este algoritmo y el rendimiento que éste muestra en función de los valores asignados a los parámetros. Finalmente, se muestra la aplicación del algoritmo a diez tablas de datos cuantitativos.  En este experimento se obtuvieron buenos resultados en términos de la convergencia del algoritmo y los tiempos de ejecución.
André Bloch: La Eugenesia como un Tema Lógico
Authors: Arguedas T Vernor
Published: September 2018

Se presentan algunos momentos de la vida de André Bloch, así como algunos de los trabajos de él, analizamos el teorema de Bloch y la constante de Bloch
Metacognition and Mindfulness Integrated Therapy Reduces Severity of Hallucination in a Patient Not Taking Antipsychotic Medication
Authors: Kumar Devvarta , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan
Published: September 2018

Psychological interventions have proven efficacy in treating psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. However, the efficacy of these interventions has primarily been evaluated in the context of their use as an adjunct to antipsychotics or on patients who do not respond to adequate trials of antipsychotics. There is paucity of research about the effectiveness of psychological interventions in patients who do not take antipsychotics either because they are not willing to take medications or are not able to tolerate antipsychotics due to the side effects. We report here the case of a patient who had distressing auditory hallucinations and was not able to take antipsychotic medications because of severe reactions. She responded to metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy for auditory hallucination. A total of eight sessions of therapy with the major focus on enhancement of metacognitive insight into the mechanisms of genesis and maintenance of hallucinations followed by encouraging the patient to use mindfulness-based strategies and regular self-monitoring of hallucinatory experiences were conducted. The patient was assessed pre–post intervention on the auditory hallucination subscale of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). There was significant improvement as reflected by more than 50% reduction in the PSYRATS score. This case highlights that metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy has the potential to help patients with hallucination who do not take antipsychotic medications. The insight building helps in developing a detached approach towards hallucinatory experiences which, in turn, reduces distress caused by the hallucinations.
Different Places, Different Ideas: Reimagining Practice in American Psychiatric Nursing After World War II
Authors: Smith Kylie M.
Published: September 2018

In 1952, Hildegard Peplau published her textbook Interpersonal Relations in Nursing: A Conceptual Frame of Reference for Psychodynamic Nursing. This was the same year the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1st ed.; DSM-I; APA). These events occurred in the context of a rapidly changing policy and practice environment in the United States after World War II, where the passing of the National Mental Health Act in 1946 released vast amounts of funding for the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health and the development of advanced educational programs for the mental health professions including nursing. This article explores the work of two nurse leaders, Hildegard Peplau and Dorothy Mereness, as they developed their respective graduate psychiatric nursing programs and sought to create new knowledge for psychiatric nursing that would facilitate the development of advanced nursing practice. Both nurses had strong ideas about what they felt this practice should look like and developed distinct and particular approaches to their respective programs. This reflected a common belief that it was only through nurse-led education that psychiatric nursing could shape its own practice and control its own future. At the same time, there are similarities in the thinking of Peplau and Mereness that demonstrate the link between the specific social context of mental health immediately after World War II and the development of modern psychiatric nursing. Psychiatric nurses were able to gain significant control of their own education and practice after the war, but this was not without a struggle and some limitations, which continue to impact on the profession today.
Empathy as an Ethical Imperative
Authors: Adams Sara B.
Published: September 2018

Empathy is an often-discussed topic among nurse scientists, educators, and professional practitioners. There is a small, but growing, body of research with a focus on empathy and its direct impact on clinical patient outcomes. However, nurses continue to place value on behavioral aspects of empathy, such as understanding the thoughts and feelings of others, caring, and perspective taking (Hojat, 2016; Kunyk & Olson, 2001). These empathic behaviors are foundational to establishing the nurse-patient relationship. The nurse-patient relationship is also central to the delivery of ethical patient care (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2015). Ethical care directly reflects elements of professional empathy, such as providing compassionate care, understanding the patient's perspective, and thoughtful consideration of the needs and values of each person (ANA, 2015). Empathy and ethics are connected, and both play a vital role in the decision-making process of nurses, particularly for decisions involving some level of uncertainty that require moral reasoning or values-based judgment (Barlow, Hargreaves, & Gillibrand, 2018).
How Using the Term “Non-Compliant” Keeps Providers from Partnering with Patients
Authors: Sinkfield-Morey Tammy
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to offer an alternate perspective for nurses to consider when assigning the label “non-compliant” to a patient. This discussion contains three examples of experiences of people who were designated non-compliant patients, and how they were then thought of as problems, and a fourth example in which the patient's autonomy was respected. The unintended negative consequences of labeling people as non-compliant are examined through the lens of three ethical principles: (a) respect for autonomy (b) beneficence, and (c) non-maleficence.
Validating a Model of Psychological Capital in Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers
Authors: Fleming Allison R. , Phillips Brian N. , Hakun Jonathan G. , Southwick Joshua D.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is a prominent, well-established model of psychosocial strengths in the organizational positive psychology literature. PsyCap is a higher order construct consisting of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy that has been identified as a powerful predictor of work-related outcomes, with strong potential for application in vocational rehabilitation (VR). However, PysCap has not yet been validated for individuals with disabilities in rehabilitation settings.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to explore the relevance of PsyCap for individuals with disabilities in VR.

Methods:

Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to validate the structural model of PsyCap in a sample of adults with disabilities who have received public VR services (N= 229).

Findings:

VR client data supported the hypothesized factor structure of PsyCap. In an initial exploration of the relationship between PsyCap and employment status, individuals who reported employment had a higher mean PsyCap score than those reporting unemployment.

Conclusions:

These results highlight the potential utility of PsyCap for VR consumers. Additional research is needed to explore this construct as it pertains to VR services.
Analisis Kritikal terhadap Penyaluran Dana Talangan Haji pada Bank Mega Syariah Cabang Pekanbaru
Authors: Maulidizen Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Dana talangan haji merupakan pembiayaan dengan menggunakan akad qarḍ atau ijārah yang diberikan kepada calon jamaah haji dalam upaya memperoleh nomor porsi haji atau Biaya Perjalanan Ibadah Haji (BPIH). Aplikasi produk ini memberikan kesan positif dan negatif, sehingga diperlukan ditinjau ulang mengenai keabsahan produk dan akibat yang ditimbulkan dalam pelaksanaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini memberikan dampak positif dan negatif, antaranya; (1) Nasabah dijamin bisa mendapatkan kursi haji dengan cepat, meskipun dari dana mereka tidak tidak mencukupi pembayaran biaya perjalanan haji, (2) Mencairkan dana secara mendesak bagi nasabah yang dananya masih belum bisa dicairkan dalam waktu cepat meskipun masih dalam bentuk deposito; (3) Proses pemberian dana talangan haji relatif cepat, sehingga keberangkatan ibadah haji dapat terencana dan tidak menunggu lama; (4) Fee atau ujrah (uang administrasi) yang diberikan relatif murah; (5) nasabah hanya membayar produk dari pinjaman; (6) Nasabah dapat mengansur setiap bulan atau bisa juga dibayar sekaligus sampai akhir pembayaran. Darii sisi negatif, ia bisa saja dianggap sebagai bagian dari fatḥ al-dzari‘ah (membuka pintu bahaya) dan mendatangkan bahaya (mafsadah/ muḍarat). Ditinjau dari Hukum Islam, keabsahan akadnya yang sangat riskan menjatuhkan kepada riba tersembunyi, karena dalam akad ini terjadi penggabungan antara akad al-qarḍ dan al-ijārah dengan mensyaratkan adanya tambahan imbalan sebagai jasa, bahkan tambahan tersebut besarnya tergantung pada jumlah pinjaman dan lamanya masa pinjaman.
Studi Pemikiran Islam dalam Islam Melayu Nusantara (Kajian Sosial, Intelektualisme dan Kontekstual Budaya)
Authors: Rusli Ris'an
Published: September 2018

Globalisasi akan menjadi ancaman dan dianggap masih mengancam-terhadap jati diri Melayu jika kita tidak mampu memahami jati diri Melayu secara benar dalam konteks Melayu yang inklusif. Dengan meletakkan Melayu dalam paradigma inklusif, maka jati diri Melayu akan mampu menyerap nilai-nilai positif dari globalisasi dan mengatasi ekses negatifnya. Menghadapi tantangan sekaligus ancaman kebudayaan global, maka diperlukan sebuah landasan yang kokoh. Landasan kokoh ini dibangun melalui penanaman rasa kepercayaan diri   dan kebanggaan terhadap kebudayaan lokal yang dimiliki. Di tengah arus multikulturalsme era global ini, kebudayaan Melayu yang tidak terpisahkan dari nilai-nilai Islam bukan hanya harus dipertahankan, tetapi juga harus dikembangkan,  hal  ini dapat  dilakukan  dengan  melakukan  penyesuaian  dan aktualisasi sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.
Estudio de la carga de trabajo percibida y de la calidad docente en los grados de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena = Study of workload and teaching quality higher technical school for architecture tudy of workload and teaching quality higher technical school for architecture and building degrees in the Universidad
Authors: Vázquez Arenas G. , García Martín A. , Conesa Pastor J. , García León J. , Solano Fernández J. P.
Published: September 2018

Resumen La Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena está cuantificando, desde el curso 2014-2015, la carga de trabajo percibida por sus estudiantes. Para ello se emplea una escala Likert en la que los estudiantes evalúan la carga de trabajo de cada una de las asignaturas que cursan pudiendo incluir, si lo desean, comentarios en el cuestionario. Por otra parte, se realizan encuestas de satisfacción con la actividad docente desde hace años. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si la satisfacción de los estudiantes con la actividad docente del profesorado está relacionada con la carga de trabajo y con los resultados académicos de cada asignatura, es decir si son los profesores menos exigentes los que, en general, obtienen mejores resultados en las encuestas de satisfacción. El estudio se basa en los valores obtenidos en las encuestas de carga de trabajo y de satisfacción y en los resultados académicos del curso 2014-2015 para las asignaturas obligatorias de los Grados en Arquitectura y en Ingeniería de Edificación de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. La principal conclusión es que existe muy poca relación entre las variables estudiadas y que los resultados de las encuestas de calidad pueden considerarse fiables y robustos.Abstract Since the academic year 2014-2015, Polytechnic University of Cartagena is quantifying the workload perceived by their students. This is used a Likert scale in which students evaluate the workload of each of the subjects enrolled and can include comments on the questionnaire. On the other hand, satisfaction with the teaching activity surveys are carried out for years. The main objective of this study is to determine if students’ satisfaction with the teaching activity is related to workload and academic results of each subject, to be precise, i.e. if are less demanding teachers in general, get better results in the satisfaction surveys. The study is based on the values obtained in the perceived workload, students´ evaluation of teaching quality and academic results of the course 2014-2015 for the subjects of the degree in Architecture and Building Engineering of the Higher Technical School of Architecture and Building of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena. The main conclusion is that there is very little relationship between the studied variables and also results of students´ evaluation of teaching quality can be considered firm and reliable
Incorporación de las TIC en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la toma de medidas de confort y transmisión de calor = Incorporation of ICT in teaching and learning in taking comfort and heat transfer measurements
Authors: Blasco Gutierrez Alfonso , Molina Marchand Cecilia , González Redondo Mercedes , García García Alfonso
Published: September 2018

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un sistema que permite la realización de dos prácticas enfocadas a la medida de parámetros de confort y eficiencia energética en el ámbito constructivo. El trabajo colaborativo como metodología docente para la elaboración de prácticas de medida de parámetros de confort aporta una visión de la evolución temporal de la temperatura y humedad relativa (HR) en una estancia dependiendo de los diferentes parámetros como calefacción, ventilación, grado de ocupación, etc. La práctica de medida de resistencia térmica se enfoca a una mejor comprensión de la transmisión del calor y de las pérdidas energéticas a través de paramentos constructivos. Adicionalmente, dada la configuración de ambas prácticas, estas constituyen dos sistemas de medida con diferente topología; la de medida de parámetros de confort tiene topología centralizada y la de medida de resistencia térmica tiene topología en bus de datos. Esto permite introducir a los alumnos en el conocimiento de las diferentes topologías de los sistemas de monitorización y/o domóticos en edificación. El coste de los materiales, y la infraestructura necesarios, para estas prácticas es lo suficientemente bajo como para que sea posible su implementación en casi cualquier centro formativo.Abstract This work shows a system that allows the realization of two practices focused on the measurement of comfort parameters and energy efficiency in the building field. The practice of temperature and relative humidity measurement has the ability to show the thermal and the relative humidity (RH) evolution inside of a building facility, depending on the different parameters such as heating, ventilation, occupancy, etc. The practice of thermal resistance measurement is focused on a better understanding of heat transfer and energy losses through constructive enclosures. The cost of materials needed to carry out this practice and its own infrastructure is very low and because of that, is affordable for the most academic centers. In addition, as the configuration of both practices constitute two measurement systems with different topology, the measurement of comfort parameters has a centralized topology and the measurement of thermal resistance has a data bus topology, so it is possible to introduce to the students to the knowledge of the different topologies of monitoring and / or building automation systems. The cost of materials needed to carry out this practice and its own infrastructure is very low and because of that, is affordable for the most academic centers.
Molecular Mapping Genes Conditioning Reduced Palmitic Acid Content in N87‐2122‐4 Soybean
Authors: Li Zenglu , Wilson Richard F. , Rayford Warren E. , Boerma H. Roger
Published: September 2018

Palmitic acid is one of the two major saturated fatty acids of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil that is closely related to nutritional quality of soybean oil. Reduction of palmitic acid content would lower the total saturated fatty acid content of soybean oil and improve the oil quality for human consumption. Several mutant lines with reduced palmitic acid content have been developed in which the genes conditioning palmitic acid content are located at different loci. The objective of this research was to map the genes conferring reduced palmitic acid from N87‐2122‐4 on the public soybean genetic linkage map with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Four near‐isogenic lines with normal and reduced palmitic acid content and the F2 and F2:3 generations of a population derived from the cross of ‘Cook’ × N87‐2122‐4 were used to perform the SSR mapping of the genes conditioning reduced palmitic acid. The results indicated that a major gene with an allele for reduced palmitic acid contributed by N87‐2122‐4 is located near the top of Linkage Group (LG) A1. A SSR marker, Satt684 in that region accounted for 38% of variation in palmitic acid content in the F2 generation and 31% of variation in the F2:3 generation. On LG‐M, Satt175 accounted for 8% of the variation in the F2 and 9% of the variation in the F2:3 generation. This minor gene on LG‐M had a significant interaction with the gene on LG‐A1 in the F2 generation. When combined in a multiple regression equation, these markers explained 51% of total phenotypic variation for palmitic acid content in the F2 and 43% of the variation in the F2:3 generations.
Freezing Resistance of Winter Annual and Biennial Legumes at Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Brandsæter Lars Olav , Olsmo Asbjørn , Tronsmo Anne Marte , Fykse Haldor
Published: September 2018

A requirement for developing cover crop systems is to find cover crop species and cultivars that are both suitable and adapted in such systems, including sufficient frost resistance, for the local climate. The objective of this study was to detect the freezing resistance of different winter annual and biennial legumes, and to clarify whether the freezing resistance is correlated to the developmental stages of the plants. The study included a growth chamber experiment with nine species‐cultivars, including white clover (Trifolium repens L., cv. Milkanova) as a control plant, and three developmental stages. At different developmental stages the test plants were exposed to five different freezing temperatures. The best freezing resistance, independent of sowing time, was shown by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth. cv.Welta). Crimson clover (T. incarnatum L. cv. Heusers Ostsaat) and yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. cv. Nordgold Yellow] also showed good freezing resistance. Black medic (Medicago lupulina Gaertn. cv.Virgo Pajberg) showed medium freezing resistance, a little better than subclover (T. subterraneum L. cv. Denmark). Poorest freezing resistance was exhibited by barrel medic (M. trunculata Gaertn. cv. Parabinga) and snail medic [M. scuttelata (L.) Mill. cv. Kelson]. In hairy vetch, especially cv. AU EarlyCover, negative correlation between freezing resistance and age of the plants was detected. Generally, this was also true for crimson clover, subclover, barrel, and snail medic. In contrast, yellow sweetclover and white clover showed tendencies to positive correlation between freezing resistance and age of the plants. The results revealed the importance of developmental stage, at least in some species‐cultivars, in the determination of freezing resistance.
Cytokinin Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Heat Stress: I. Shoot and Root Growth
Authors: Liu Xiaozhong , Huang Bingru , Banowetz Gary
Published: September 2018

Heat stress injury may involve inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in roots. The objective of this study was to examine whether application of a synthetic cytokinin, zeatin riboside (ZR), to the root zone would enhance tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to high soil temperature or in combination with high air temperature. Grasses were exposed to three air and soil temperature regimes for 56 d in growth chambers: (i) optimum air and soil temperature (control), 20/20°C; (ii) optimum air but high soil temperature (20/35°C); and (iii) high air and soil temperatures (35/35°C). Four concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μmol) of ZR or water (control) were injected into the 0–5 cm root zone on the day before heat stress (0 d) and 14 d after. Turf visual quality, canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and vertical shoot extension rate decreased, whereas root mortality and root electrolyte leakage increased at 20/35 and 35/35°C, and to a greater extent at 35/35°C. Applications of 1 and 10 μmol ZR mitigated heat stress injury to shoots and roots during most of the experimental period, with 10 μmol ZR being more effective when applied at either 0 or 14 d of heat stress. Application of 0.1 μmol ZR was less effective than 1 and 10 μmol ZR. Application of 0.01 μmol ZR had no effects on shoot and root responses to high soil temperature alone or combined with high air temperature. Endogenous cytokinin content in both shoots and roots increased with the application of 1 and 10 μmol ZR. These results demonstrated that applying ZR at 1 or 10 μmol concentration to the root zone could alleviate heat stress injury of creeping bentgrass.
Trinexapac‐Ethyl and Nitrogen Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Grown under Reduced Light Conditions
Authors: Goss R. M. , Baird J. H. , Kelm S. L. , Calhoun R. N.
Published: September 2018

Shade is a major cause of poor performance and loss of turf, especially on putting greens. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) [4‐(cyclopropyl‐alpha‐hydroxymethylene)‐3, 5‐dioxo‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethylester] and nitrogen (N) on the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. ‘Penncross’) grown under reduced light conditions (RLC). The effect of rate and frequency of TE applications to creeping bentgrass under RLC also were evaluated. Two field experiments were conducted during 1998 and 1999 in East Lansing, MI on an established sand‐based putting green mowed to a height of 4 mm. In the first experiment (1998 and 1999), turf grown under 80% black shade cloth received multiple applications of TE (0, 0.042 or 0.070 kg a.i. ha−1) in combination with N (low = 150–185 kg N ha−1 season−1 or high = 212–235 kg N ha−1 season−1). Turf quality and cover were reduced greatly under 80% shade. Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%, tillers from 40 to 52%, but had no effect on root mass when compared with turf not treated with TE. Fructose content increased by 40 and 37% in turf treated with TE at 0.042 and 0.070 kg a.i. ha−1, respectively. No differences in tissue levels of other carbohydrates or starch were found. Turf cover was 3.3 to 7.2% greater in plots treated with low N when compared with high N. There were no significant interactions between TE and N. In the second experiment (1999), turf grown under 60% green shade cloth received TE (0, 0.025, or 0.050 kg a.i. ha−1) applied on 2‐ or 4‐wk intervals. There were no differences in turf cover in bentgrass grown under 60% shade, regardless of TE treatment. In general, creeping bentgrass quality and color were improved by TE, when compared with untreated turf. Overall, data indicated that TE and judicious use of N can improve creeping bentgrass quality under RLC.
Tifway Bermudagrass Response To Potassium Fertilization
Authors: Sartain J. B.
Published: September 2018

Potassium fertilization rates used for ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] vary greatly among turfgrass managers and there is no consensus as to the actual quantity required or as to the best Potassium (K) source to use. Effects of K source and rate on Tifway bermudagrass shoot and root growth, quality and tissue K concentration were studied in a 3‐yr field study in Central Florida. Turf was grown on an Arredondo fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Grossarenic Paleudult). Two K sources (KCl and K2SO4) were applied at 8 rates (0, 3.7, 7.4, 9.8, 14.7, 22, 29.4, and 36.8 g K m−2 90 d−1) in conjunction with N applied monthly at 4.9 g m−2 Potassium chloride produced a more rapid shoot growth than did K2SO4, but this effect may be linked to the N source. Bermudagrass shoot growth rate and tissue K concentrations were increased by K fertilization up to 7.4 g K m−2 90 d−1 There was no additional increases in either of the aforementioned parameters, regardless of the K level applied. Turfgrass quality and root weight were not influenced by K application. Greater root weight was observed during May, June, and July than August, September, and October. Observed turfgrass growth responses to Mehlich‐1 extractable K levels suggest that 30 mg K kg−1 soil may be adequate for optimum growth. For an N application rate of 4.9 g m−2 mo−1, K fertilization levels above 9.8 g K m−2 90 d−1 probably will not enhance Tifway bermudagrass shoot and root growth, quality, or tissue K concentration.
Alfalfa Stem Tissues: Cell Wall Deposition, Composition, and Degradability
Authors: Jung H. G. , Engels F. M.
Published: September 2018

Declining cell wall degradability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems with maturation limits the nutritional value of alfalfa for ruminants. This study characterized changes in cell wall concentration, composition, and degradability by rumen microbes resulting from alfalfa stem tissue proliferation and development during maturation. The seventh internode from the shoot base of three alfalfa clones was sampled after 12, 17, 21, 31, and 87 d of regrowth in 1996 and 21 and 31 d in 1997. Cross sections were examined by light microscopy for tissue development, and after 48‐h in vitro degradation. Cell wall concentration and composition of the internodes were determined by the Uppsala dietary fiber method, and cell wall degradability by rumen microbes was measured after 12 and 96 h. All stem tissues were pectin‐rich and nonlignified at the two youngest maturities in 1996, except for primary xylem vessels which had lignified and thickened walls, and the internode was actively elongating. Primary xylem was the only tissue not degraded from immature stems. The 21‐d‐old internodes had completed elongation and begun secondary xylem proliferation. Secondary xylem lignified immediately, and lignification of primary phloem and pith parenchyma began when elongation ended. As tissues lignified, their cell walls became undegradable. Maturation increased stem proportion consisting of undegradable secondary xylem, and cell wall polysaccharide composition shifted from predominantly pectin toward cellulose. Degradability of pectin remained high regardless of maturity stage, but cellulose and hemicellulose degradabilities declined as secondary xylem proliferated. Degradability of alfalfa stems would be improved if the amount of lignified secondary xylem was reduced.
Three QTL Regions for Restoration of Owen CMS in Sugar Beet
Authors: Hjerdin‐Panagopoulos Annika , Kraft Thomas , Rading Ingrid M. , Tuvesson Stig , Nilsson Nils‐Otto
Published: September 2018

Three quantitative trati loci (QTL) regions for the restoration of Owen CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.ssp. vulgaris) were identified through analysis of three populations segregating for genes restoring the fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile plants. Two large populations, A and B, were studied by means of 51 and 42 polymorphic and evenly distributed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, respectively. A smaller population, C, was analyzed by use of six RFLP markers. Composite interval mapping in Population A detected a strong signal on linkage group IV that explained 79% of the phenotypic variation. More detailed analysis revealed the presence of two linked QTL on this chromosome. In Population B, a QTL that explained 72% of the phenotypic variation was detected at one end of linkage group III. Single‐marker analysis of Population C resulted in significant signals for markers on linkage group IV, explaining 57% of the phenotypic variation. In each of the two large populations, what appeared to be minor alleles were also detected in the QTL regions.
Evaluation of Pigeonpea Accessions and Selected Lines for Reaction to Maruca
Authors: Saxena K. B. , Chandrasena G. D. S. N. , Hettiarachchi K. , Iqbal Y. B. , Fonseka H. H. D. , Jayasekera S. J. B. A.
Published: September 2018

Maruca vitrata (Geyer) is a serious insect pest of tropical legumes. In Sri Lanka, yield losses due to Maruca damage in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] range up to 100%. The development of resistant cultivars and germplasm is one of the best means of control. The objectives of this study were to screen 271 accessions for resistance to M. vitrata and evaluate reaction of lines selected from the promising accessions. The high level of natural incidence of Maruca in Sri Lanka provided an opportunity for evaluation of germplasm at Field Crops Research and Development Institute, Maha Illuppallama. Screening of the germplasm accessions revealed large variation in Maruca damage to flowers and pods. On average, the Maruca damage in determinate accessions (66–75%) was higher than that of nondeterminate accessions (41–50%). Resistant plants from four determinate and 12 nondeterminate accessions were selected. Further selection for resistance to Maruca damage among and within lines derived from the resistant plants was exercised for six generations under nonsprayed field conditions. Under insecticide‐free conditions, the selections from two accessions showed significant yield advantages over controls. Data on pod damage and larval counts indicated that the resistance was conditioned through yield compensation mechanisms. In pigeonpea, this is the first report of the selection of Maruca resistant lines. Further studies showed that by using the resistant genotypes it is possible to reduce the number of insecticide sprays for economic yields.
Frequency of the No Mark Leaflet Allele in Red Clover
Authors: Bortnem Robin , Boe Arvid
Published: September 2018

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is known for trifoliolate leaves with light marks (i.e., variegation) on the leaflets. However, red clover plants without leaf marks occur in some wild and cultivated populations. The no mark (NM) phenotype is due to a homozygous recessive genotype. This study was conducted to evaluate the core collection of red clover for frequency of the recessive allele that imparts the NM phenotype. Ninety‐eight seeds from 82 accessions in the core collection and one selected population (Blankleaf, NSL 303023) were planted in individual containers in the greenhouse. Seedlings were evaluated weekly for leaf markings. If a plant had no mark on any of its leaves from emergence to flowering, it was classified as a NM phenotype. We assumed that all evaluated accessions were diploid and in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium for the leaf mark locus. Estimates of gene frequencies for the NM trait ranged from 0.0 for 21 out of the 82 accessions to 0.67 for PI 419294 from Greece. The grand mean was 0.20. Our data indicated the recessive allele was absent or at least extremely rare in about 25% of the accessions. Assuming the core collection represents the genetic variability in the species, our data provide a basis for designing additional studies to determine if natural and/or artificial selection are responsible for variation among populations for this conspicuous feature of red clover.
Fusarium Head Blight Reaction of Langdon Durum‐Triticum dicoccoides Chromosome Substitution Lines
Authors: Stack R. W. , Elias E. M. , Fetch J. Mitchell , Miller J. D. , Joppa L. R.
Published: September 2018

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a serious disease problem on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) in the USA. To date, the resistance to FHB available in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) sources has not been transferred successfully to tetraploid durum. In the 1980s, USDA geneticist L.R. Joppa produced a set of disomic lines [LDN(DIC)] derived from wild emmer (T. turgidum L. var. dicoccoides). Each line had a different pair of chromosomes from T. dicoccoides substituted for the corresponding ‘Langdon’ durum chromosomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if any of the LDN(DIC) lines showed useful levels of resistance to FHB. We tested these lines for FHB response by inoculation with F. graminearum in the greenhouse. Inoculation was accomplished via the single spikelet method, in which a droplet of conidiospore suspension is placed into one spikelet per spike followed by mist–high humidity for 3 d to establish infection. After 21 d, spikes were scored for extent of FHB symptoms and the average disease severity of the lines compared. A low disease severity score in this test indicated the presence of resistance to FHB in that line. Each test was replicated and the tests were done five times. In each test, some lines differed significantly. One line, LDN(DIC‐3A), was consistently less susceptible and another line, LDN(DIC‐2A), was consistently more susceptible than the parent Langdon durum, which itself showed an intermediate FHB reaction. Several other LDN(DIC) lines showed a trend either for increased or reduced susceptibility to FHB. Since each line differs by a single chromosome pair, the results suggest that genes affecting FHB resistance are present on several different T. dicoccoides or Langdon durum chromosomes.
Mapping Genes Controlling Variation in Barley Grain Protein Concentration
Authors: See Deven , Kanazin Vladimir , Kephart Ken , Blake Tom
Published: September 2018

Grain protein concentration is an important determinant of grain quality in many crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). While high grain protein percentage might be desirable in barley destined for monogastric feed, low grain protein concentration is desirable for malt and beer production. Low grain protein concentration is associated with increased levels of malt extract and reduced problems with beer chill haze. Molecular markers were used to map and characterize the genes responsible for low, stable grain protein concentration in a recombinant inbred line population developed from a cross between ‘Karl’ (CIho 15487), a low grain protein six‐rowed barley, and ‘Lewis’ (CIho 15856), a standard two‐rowed cultivar. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified which impacted grain protein percentage. Two of these grain protein effects appeared to result from gene action impacting flowering date. This pleiotropic relationship may be the main reason agronomically acceptable, low protein cultivars have yet to be released.
Correlated Responses to Selection for Greater β‐Glucan Content in Two Oat Populations
Authors: Cervantes‐Martinez C. T. , Frey K. J. , White P. J. , Wesenberg D. M. , Holland J. B.
Published: September 2018

Oat (Avena sativa L.) β‐glucan lowers serum cholesterol in humans. Thus, enhancing its content in oat cultivars for human consumption is desirable. Phenotypic selection for greater β‐glucan content was effective in two broad‐based oat populations, BG1 and BG2. The initial and selected cycles of each of these populations were evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at two Iowa locations to determine the correlated responses of agronomic and grain quality traits to selection for greater β‐glucan content. Correlated responses were generally unfavorable for agronomic performance, but favorable in terms of human nutritional value of oat grain. Mean protein content increased by 5% in one population while mean oil content and heading date did not change. Mean grain yield, biomass, and test weight were reduced by 25, 23, and 2%, respectively, in one population and not affected in the other. Plant height decreased by 5% in one population only. Genotypic variances were unchanged by selection, except the genetic variance for plant height in BG2 increased. Selection strengthened negative genotypic correlations between β‐glucan content and grain yield, biomass, and oil content in both populations, and between β‐glucan content and test weight, heading date, and height in one population. β‐Glucan yield (the product of β‐glucan content and grain yield) was positively genotypically correlated with both grain yield (r = 0.92 in both populations) and β‐glucan content (r = 0.66 and r = 0.26 in the two populations). Selection for greater β‐glucan yield could be used to improve β‐glucan content and grain yield simultaneously.
Selection for Reduced Carbon Isotope Discrimination Increases Aerial Biomass and Grain Yield of Rainfed Bread Wheat
Authors: Rebetzke G. J. , Condon A. G. , Richards R. A. , Farquhar G. D.
Published: September 2018

Genetic gain is characteristically slow when selecting directly for increased grain yield under water‐limited conditions. Genetic increases in grain yield may be achieved through increases in aerial biomass following selection for greater transpiration efficiency (TE as aerial biomass/water transpired). Strong negative correlations between TE and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suggest that selection of progeny with low Δ may increase TE and aerial biomass under water‐limited conditions. This study investigated how early generation, divergent selection for Δ affected aerial biomass and grain yield among 30 low‐ and 30 high‐Δ, ‘Hartog’‐like, BC2F4:6 progeny and the recurrent, high‐Δ parent Hartog. Lines were evaluated in nine environments varying for seasonal rainfall (235–437 mm) and hence grain yield (1.3–6.2 Mg/ha). Selection for low Δ in early generation progeny was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) smaller Δ, higher grain yield (+5.8%), aerial biomass (+2.7%), harvest index (+3.3%), and kernel size (+4.8%) in tested lines. Kernel number was the same for low‐ and high‐Δ selected groups. Grain yield advantage of the low Δ group increased with reductions in environment mean yield (r = −0.89, P < 0.01) and total seasonal rainfall (r = −0.85, P < 0.01) indicating the benefit of low Δ, and therefore high TE for genetic improvement of grain yield in lower rainfall environments. Narrow‐sense heritability on a single‐plot basis was much greater for Δ (h2 = 0.63 ± 0.10) than for either aerial biomass (0.06 ± 0.05) or grain yield (0.14 ± 0.04). Strong genetic correlations between Δ and both aerial biomass (r g = −0.61 ± 0.14) and grain yield (−0.58 ± 0.12) suggest Δ could be used for indirect selection of these traits in early generations. Selection of low Δ (high TE) families for the advanced stages of multiple‐environment testing should increase the probability of recovering higher‐yielding wheat families for water‐limited environments.