bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excavations at Castle Craig, Auchterarder, 1978
Authors: Sherriff John R
Published: March 2023

Outer ramparts and slab-covered pits, excavated after destruction, of small hillfort.
Lecture summaries
Authors: Watkins Trevor , Smith Beverley , Main Lorna J , Maxfield Valerie A , Murray Hilary K , Apted M R , Maxwell Stuart
Published: March 2023

Seven lecture summaries:Excavations at the prehistoric cemetery at Rullion Green, MidlothianExcavations at Howe, Stromness, OrkneyExcavations on the Fairy Knowe, Buchlyvie, StirlingshireCamelon Roman Forts 1899-1981Aspects of Viking and early medieval timber building in Ireland and ScotlandBuildings, paintings and statuary at Glamis Castle under Patrick, 1st earl of Strathmore, c 1670-95John Ewen, of Aberdeen, 1745-1821; merchant, politician, poet and connoisseur
Donations to and purchases for the Museum, 1983-1984
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1983 – 1984. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1983 – 1984.
Excavations at Pierowall Quarry, Westray, Orkney
Authors: Sharples Niall M , Barlow A , Birkett D A , Clarke Ann , Clarke A S , MacCormick F , Stenhouse M J , Swinney G , Wickham-Jones Caroline R , Yarrington Clare H , O'Neil Marion
Published: March 2023

Complex multi-period site. Spiral-decorated stones, large circular chambered tomb of mid-3rd millennium, demolished for small structure (Grooved Ware) then abandoned until large Iron Age round house built over cairn. Critical examination of many recent Orkney publications in the light of this evidence, and some new approaches suggested. 14C dates and environmental evidence.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 114

Table of contents

Office bearers and representatives of the Society, 1983-4

Editorial
Sylvia Benton
Authors: Keillar J , Rhynas E , Shepherd Ian
Published: March 2023

Miss Sylvia Benton, MA, BLitt, FSA, FSA Scot, died on 12 September 1985 in Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, at the age of 98. She has been a Fellow since 1928.
Circumstance not context: the Neolithic of Scotland as seen from outside
Authors: Kinnes Ian
Published: March 2023

An overall survey of the relative strengths and weaknesses of research on the Scottish Neolithic is attempted, focusing particularly on recent work. The high quality of much of the evidence is stressed as is the variability of the attention paid to it. Particular themes have been chosen to exemplify these and to provide some opportunity for a wider perspective.
A group of bronze socketed axes from Eildon Mid Hill, near Melrose, Roxburghshire
Authors: O'Connor Brendan , Cowie Trevor
Published: March 2023

In 1982, a group of seven socketed axes was found on the lower western slopes of Eildon Mid Hill, Ettrick and Lauderdale District, Borders Region. Although recovered from redeposited soil, the axes probably represent a hoard of the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age. The find reinforces what appears to be a significant local concentration of contemporary metalwork around the Eildon Hills.
The Pictish brooch from Aldclune, Blair Atholl, Perthshire
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

The early ninth-century silver penannular brooch from Aldclune is fully described and its manufacture assessed in detail.
A survey of medieval floor tiles in St Andrews Cathedral Museum and the Abbot's House, Arbroath Abbey
Authors: Di Folco John
Published: March 2023

The opportunity was afforded by chance finds of medieval floor tiles from St Andrews Cathedral and in the Abbot's House at Arbroath Abbey to re-examine some wider aspects of previous work on medieval floor tiles from Scottish ecclesiastical and secular sites. An attempt is made to suggest the extent of the tile pavement in St Andrews Cathedral and the dating and origin of the tiles in general. The limitations of the Cistercian evidence in southern Scotland is appraised. The methodology used to describe and classify the tiles is that recommended by the Medieval Tile Seminar held in Cambridge in 1978 and intended for use in the national census.
Monumental guidebooks 'in State care'
Authors: Munro R W
Published: March 2023

A new series of guidebooks to Scottish monuments in State care is being produced by the Historic Buildings and Monuments Directorate of the Scottish Development Department. The origin and progress of Government-sponsored guidebooks in Scotland are considered chiefly from the point of view of the non-expert user or casual visitor.
The Lunan Valley Project: medieval rural settlement in Angus
Authors: Pollock David
Published: March 2023

In 1983/4 the Lunan Valley Project (later named Angus Archaeology Project) investigated part of lowland Angus for evidence of medieval settlement and land mangement.

The likely enclosure ditches around two historically 'known' medieval settlements were identified from aerial reconnaissance. One was subsequently excavated at Chapelton, and its medieval date was confirmed, but limited excavation within the enclosure failed to locate contemporary houses. A single small excavation at Red Castle, Lunan Bay, provided indications of interrupted occupation on part of the hilltop site from the late prehistoric or early medieval period to the documented abandonment of the castle. Further excavation and ground survey in the area produced evidence of a disastrous medieval sandstorm taking valuable land out of cultivation and probably causing the desertion of a pre-13th-century settlement at Corbie.

Without excavation a study of land divisions (upstanding and identified from cropmarks) provided limited information on the rate of change of the countryside through the medieval period. Most major boundaries, and a few minor ones, survived in use from the last prehistoric period to, and through, the medieval period. But the location of settlement, generally unchanged from the earliest documentary references (late 12th century to 16th century) appears to have undergone changes in the preceding millennium.
Lecture summaries
Authors: Macinnes Lesley , Keppie L J F , Millett M , Jackson Anthony , Burnett Charles J , Pursiuvant Dingwall
Published: March 2023

Five lecture summaries:Roman and native in south-east Scotland: the problem and the potential Monumenta Romani Imperil, recent work on Roman inscriptions and sculptured reliefs from ScotlandTown and country in Roman Britain: a social perspectivePictish symbols: their meaning and usageFuneral heraldry in Scotland
Donations to and purchases for the Museum, 1984-1985
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1984 – 1985. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1984 – 1985.
Peat depth variability at Machrie North, Arran, and its implications for archaeological survey and conservation in British uplands
Authors: Ray Keith , Chamberlain Andrew T
Published: March 2023

The results of a series of surveys of an area of peat moorland on the Isle of Arran, Scotland, have been analysed to determine the relationship between surface indications and subsurface cultural features. The study reveals that variation in the depth of peat accounts for much of the apparent areal density of surf ace features. The paper further demonstrates how the conservation strategy enacted at the survey area, based as it was largely on surface indications, was effective in selecting for preservation those areas with shallow peat cover and not (as was believed at the time of implementation) those with a higher feature density. These findings together crystallize various doubts concerning current survey practices, and the survey and conservation policies which it has been advocated should be based upon them.
Excavations at Clatchard Craig, Fife
Authors: Close-Brooks Joanna , Hope-Simpson R , Henshall Audrey , Williams D , McDonnell J G , McCullagh R , Barneston Lin , Hartley Brian R , Campbell Ewan , Hunter John , Guido Margaret , Davey N
Published: March 2023

Neo and IA pottery was found but the multiple ramparts were all of Dark Age date. Ramparts 1 and 3 were timber-laced and had been burnt; radiocarbon dates suggest construction in the 6th/7th century AD. Rampart 2, on a different line, incorporated mortared Roman stones. Finds include a metal disc in hanging-bowl style and a group of clay moulds for penannular brooches of 8th century type. Au (abr)
The Roman fort at Bertha, the 1973 excavation
Authors: Adamson Helen C , Gallagher Dennis B
Published: March 2023

A small excavation revealed a single ditch with associated rampart and intervallum features. Old finds suggest Flavian and Antonine occupation. F B
Glengarrisdale: confirmation of Jura's third microlithic phase
Authors: Mercer John , Searight Susan
Published: March 2023

A second excavation on the west coast of north Jura confirmed a Jura Phase 3 (final Mesolithic) occupation overlying a Phase 2 site, the latter probably late in the period. Carbon dating of a typologically similar Phase 3 site on the east coast suggested a late fourth-millennium occupation; carbon dating was not possible at Glengarrisdale. This west coast site did not unfortunately provide a single undisturbed occupation but useful confirmation was obtained of Jura's third microlithic phase, hitherto only known on the east coast.
Excavation at Lochleven Castle, 1982
Authors: Lewis John H
Published: March 2023

Conservation work involved excavation of part of the NE range (possible oven) and of the SE tower (unproductive).
Meetings of the Society, 1985-86
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1985 – 1986.
A Viking burial from Kneep, Uig, Isle of Lewis
Authors: Welander Richard D E , Batey Coleen , Cowie Trevor , Jørgensen Lise Bender , Harman Mary , Mackenzie C Scott , Jackson E Helen
Published: March 2023

A rich female grave found in 1979 contained two gilt-bronze oval brooches, forty-four glass beads, a bone comb, an iron knife, whetstone, bone needle case and needles, iron sickle, bronze ringed pin, bronze buckle and strap-end, iron rivet and textile fragments. Brooches and pin suggest a late 10th century date. AR
Iona: a view from Ireland
Authors: Hamlin Ann
Published: March 2023

Review-article on RCAHMS Argyll: an inventory of the monuments, vol 4, Iona (82/8732) and on excavation reports on Iona by R Reece (81/8151) and J W Barber (83/10815). Supports the theory that Irish free-standing crosses were derived from Iona models in late 8th century. A R
Meetings of the Society, 1986-87
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1986 – 1987.
George Hay
Authors: Cant Ronald G
Published: March 2023

Dr George Hay, a Fellow of the Society from 1953 to 1986, was one of the most accomplished practitioners and interpreters of the distinctive architecture of Scotland.
The eastern terminus of the Antonine Wall: a review
Authors: Bailey Geoff B , Devereux David F
Published: March 2023

Excavation on the supposed line of the eastern terminus of the Wall at Bridgeness failed to locate any trace and implies a post-Roman context for the Bridgeness distance slab found in 1868. Early records and the presence of a major fort and vicus make Carriden a more likely terminus. A R
Margaret E C Stewart
Authors: Taylor D B
Published: March 2023

Margaret E C Stewart was born on 28 February 1907 and died on 4 June 1986.
Medieval corn-drying kilns at Capo, Kincardineshire and Abercairny, Perthshire
Authors: Gibson Annemarie
Published: March 2023

Radiocarbon dating of grain from circular kilns indicates that this type of kiln, traditionally regarded as being 16th to l9th century, was in use at least 500 years earlier. Au (sl abr A R)
Excavations at Smailholm Tower, Roxburghshire
Authors: Good George L , Tabraham Christopher J , Barnetson Lin , Caldwell David , Gallagher Dennis , Haggarty George
Published: March 2023

The courtyard attached to the 15th century towerhouse contained a second residential building, interpreted as hall and chamber, and a kitchen block. Discussion includes history and architectural analysis of the tower and field survey of the surrounding land. Wide range of 17th century artefacts (see also 90/728). A R
Cairn 3, Acharn, Morvern, Argyll
Authors: Ritchie J N Graham , Thornber Iain
Published: March 2023

One of a group of cairns (see 77/4714), this platform cairn yielded a central cist containing flint and quartz artefacts, probably relating to an original BA burial; and the cremated remains of a 20-year-old, sherds and a 14C date relating to an Iron Age reuse of the cist. A R
Roman and medieval coins found in Scotland, to 1987
Authors: Bateson J D
Published: March 2023

Roman finds from 1983-7 and medieval finds from 1978-87. AR
Five insular enamelled ornaments
Authors: Bourke Cormac , Close-Brooks Joanna
Published: March 2023

Discusses a proto-zoomorphic pin of 1st-2nd century AD date from North Uist and four mounts of 8th or 9th century date from Freswick, St Andrews, Aberdour and Cramond in eastern Scotland. AR
The Celtic brooch from Westness, Orkney, and hinged-pins
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

Detailed description, including X-ray fluorescence analysis, and discussion of the silver and gold brooch found in a 9th century Norse grave in 1963, now known to have been part of a cemetery. An Irish origin is likely for the brooch-pin, possibly in the second quarter of the 8th century, and comparable hinged-pins are discussed. AR
Remains of a 12th-century structure and other medieval features on the Knoll of Castle Point, Troup (Cullykhan), Banff and Buchan
Authors: Greig Moira Kennedy , Greig Colvin , Basham Ian , Caldwell David , Murray Charles , Spearman Mike , Yeoman Peter
Published: March 2023

A possible circular timber building on a stone foundation dated to the late 12th century by coins and other artefacts including a bronze buckle-plate decorated with a dragon. Occupation on the site may have continued into the 14th century. AR
St Peter's Kirk, Thurso, Caithness c 1150-1832
Authors: Slade H Gordon , Watson George
Published: March 2023

The church was rebuilt in the early 17th century but incorporates remains of what may have been an early 12th century Bishop's minster. AR
A grain storage pit of the pre-Improvement period at Inchkeil, Duffus, Moray
Authors: Shepherd Ian A G , Shepherd Alexandra N , Fairweather Alan D
Published: March 2023

A circular clay and stone-lined pit contained grain, chiefly carbonized oats, which yielded a radiocarbon date in the 16th century. AR
The excavation of an 18th century salt-pan at St Monance, Fife
Authors: Lewis John
Published: March 2023

Excavation was concentrated on a pan-house attached to one of nine pans in a famous salt-works. AR
Meetings of the Society, 1988-89
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1988 – 1989.
Isbister, an Orkney Islands Council Guardianship Monument
Authors: Smith Beverley
Published: March 2023

Excavations conducted in order to allow the consolidation, roofing and display of this chambered tomb are described.
Excavation of a beaker cist at Dornoch Nursery, Sutherland
Authors: Ashmore Patrick J
Published: March 2023

Excavation by the author, K Antonio and R Gourlay in Dornoch Forestry Commission tree nursery, in January 1980, revealed a cist with massive capstone, an all-over-corded beaker, five arrowheads, a bracer, a strike-a-light and iron ore nodule, a fragment of Grooved ware and remains of an inhumation and a cremation. The contents of the cist were heavily disturbed by animal burrows. No radiocarbon date was obtained because of the high likelihood that there would be insufficient carbon in the bones for assay.
Excavations at Dundee High Technology Park, Tayside
Authors: Gibson Annemarie , Taverner Nicholas
Published: March 2023

Identified by aerial survey, a cropmark complex proved to include timber structures, dumb-bell-shaped cooking pits and a possible pit alignment, none datable. AR
Range observer‐based formation control for heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicle networks
Authors: Wang Bo , Nersesov Sergey , Ashrafiuon Hashem
Published: March 2023

In this work, we solve the distributed formation control problem for heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicle networks subject to switching topologies. We consider the spatial rigid body model of underwater and aerial vehicles with one translational actuator for propulsion and three rotational actuators, without any simplification. A distributed finite‐time sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the ranges between vehicles based on the bearing angles, and thus, the control design does not require relative position or distance measurements. A coordinate transformation is proposed to define continuous reference velocity trajectories under switching topologies. Then, based on the cascade structure, a distributed formation protocol is presented which guarantees the global asymptotic convergence for the closed‐loop system. The formation controller has a simple structure, requires only neighbor‐to‐neighbor information exchange, and all the measurements may be obtained using simple onboard sensors. Numerical simulations for a group of heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicles including autonomous underwater vehicles and quadrotors are presented.
Some patients spike their urine with buprenorphine: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

More than 7% of patients whose urine is tested for drugs directly add buprenorphine to the specimen, according to analysis from a national database maintained by the lab that conducted the tests.
Intermediate Phase Engineering with 2,2‐Azodi(2‐Methylbutyronitrile) for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Yansong , Wang Haibing , Wang Cheng , Wang Chen , Guan Hongling , Shao Wenlong , Wang Ti , Ke Weijun , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia
Published: March 2023

Sequential deposition has been widely employed to modulate the crystallization of perovskite solar cells because it can avoid the formation of nucleation centers and even initial crystallization in the precursor solution. However, challenges remain in overcoming the incomplete and random transformation of PbI2films with organic ammonium salts. Herein, a unique intermediate phase engineering strategy has been developed by simultaneously introducing 2,2‐azodi(2‐methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) to both PbI2and ammonium salt solutions to regulate perovskite crystallization. AMBN not only coordinates with PbI2to form a favorably mesoporous PbI2film due to the coordination between Pb2+and the cyano group (C≡N), but also suppresses the vigorous activity of FA+ions by interacting with FAI, leading to the full PbI2transformation with the preferred orientation. Therefore, perovskites with favorable facet orientations are obtained, and the defects are largely suppressed owing to the passivation of uncoordinated Pb2+and FA+. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency over 25% with a stabilized efficiency of 24.8% is achieved. Moreover, the device exhibits an improved operational stability, retaining 96% of initial power conversion efficiency under 1000 h continuous white‐light illumination with an intensity of 100 mW cm−2at ≈55 °C in N2atmosphere.
Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light‐Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Shi Yuxin , Su Wen , Yuan Fanglong , Yuan Ting , Song Xianzhi , Han Yuyi , Wei Shuyan , Zhang Yang , Li Yunchao , Li Xiaohong , Fan Louzhen
Published: March 2023

Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD‐based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well‐developed organic, heavy‐metal‐based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD‐based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD‐based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
Defect Passivation and Energy Level Modulation of CsPbBr2I QDs for High‐Detectivity and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Zhao Xuan , Si Haonan , Gao Fangfang , Zhao Bin , Ouyang Tian , Li Qi , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue
Published: March 2023

High‐detectivity and stable photodetectors (PDs) have been intensively concerned in the field of wireless optical communication, among which perovskite material has become a prospective candidate owing to its outstanding photoelectric properties. However, the defects and mismatched energy levels of perovskite material can significantly reduce the detectivity and stability of PDs. Herein, the CsPbBr2I quantum dots (CQDs) with the surface modulation via potassium trifluoroacetate (KTFA) are utilized to deserve high‐detectivity and stable PDs. The surface modulation for CQDs not only passivates defects by inhibiting vacancies, but also enhances hole transport capacity by modulating energy level mismatch. As a result, the assembled CsPbBr2I PDs show a responsivity of 0.375 A W−1, a detectivity of 1.12 × 1013 Jones and an on/off ratio of 104. More importantly, the CsPbBr2I PDs exhibit excellent long‐term stability for 12 weeks and can withstand 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a guideline for the development of perovskite in wireless optical communication.
Controlling Morphological Dimensions of Organic Charge‐Transfer Cocrystal by Manipulating the Growth Kinetics for Optical Waveguide Applications
Authors: Wu Bin , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Chen Song , Su Yang , Yu You‐Jun , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Wang Xue‐Dong
Published: March 2023

Precise fabrication of organic micro/nanostructures with regular morphology has gained a considerable concern in developing high‐performance optoelectronic devices, which is still a huge challenge to realize tunable morphology without the dependence on molecule packing arrangement. Herein, a thermodynamic/kinetic controlled self‐assembly for triphenylene‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TP‐TCNQ) cocrystal, with well‐defined microwires and microplates based on the same crystal structure, is proposed. With the low solution concentration of C = 5 mm, the comparable growth rates along [011] driven by π–π interaction and along [100] driven by charge‐transfer (CT) interaction facilitate the formation of thermodynamically favored shape of microplates. In contrast, the prominent CT interaction along [100] leads to the construction of microwires at kinetic state under high‐concentration solution of C = 10 mm. Furthermore, the prepared TP‐TCNQ microwires and microplates demonstrate isotropic photonic transmissions with the low optical loss coefficient of 0.033 and 0.042 dB µm−1, respectively. This strategy provides a novel avenue to finely construct the organic microcrystals with desired morphology for potential optoelectronics.
Entecavir versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the reduction of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hung , Lai Huang‐Lun , Wang Chun‐Hsiang , Chang Kuo‐Kuan , Mo Lein‐Ray , Lin Ruey‐Chang
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to compare the effect of long‐term continuous entecavir (ETV) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the reduction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) related liver cirrhosis. This study recruited patients who had CHB‐related liver cirrhosis and received ETV or TDF treatment for more than 6 months. Regular assessments of ultrasonography and alpha‐fetoprotein test were arranged every 3 months for HCC detection. Five‐year cumulative incidence of HCC and risk factors for HCC development were analyzed. A total of 286 consecutive cirrhotic patients were included, 198 in the ETV group and 88 in the TDF group. During a median follow‐up of 57.5 months, 25 (12.6%) patients in the ETV group and 12 (13.6%) patients in the TDF group developed HCC. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of HCC was comparable between the ETV and TDF groups (6.57% vs. 9.09%, log‐rank p = .242). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that male, old age, diabetes, and low platelet count were independent risk factors for HCC development. This study observed that long‐term ETV or TDF provided comparable preventive effects on HCC development in patients with CHB‐related liver cirrhosis.
A literature review of bench top and pilot lead corrosion assessment studies
Authors: Devine Christina , Triantafyllidou Simoni
Published: March 2023

Bench top and pilot lead corrosion studies are gaining more interest, considering revisions and upcoming improvements to the Lead and Copper Rule. This literature review identified studies ranging from simpler month(s)‐long bench top dump‐and‐fill stagnant water tests (coupon tests/standing pipe tests) to more complicated year(s)‐long intermittent flow pilot studies (recirculating pipe loops/once through pipe rigs). With increasing complexity in design and operation, studies more closely approximated real plumbing conditions (e.g., by incorporating harvested lead pipes and intermittent flow regimes) at increased cost, footprint, and duration. Comparison of bench top and pilot designs (in terms of lead test piece age/dimensions/configuration/replicates, study duration, sample collection, and other factors) can assist drinking water utilities, consultants, academics, and others to select a design that matches their needs and constraints. No matter the choice, surrogate systems cannot replace actual system water testing and are best complemented by other corrosion assessment tools.
Genetically engineered pair of cells for serological testing and its application forSARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ssemadaali Marvin A. , Arredondo Juan , Buser Elise A. , Newmyer Sherri , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Javitz Harold S. , Dandekar Satya , Bhatnagar Parijat
Published: March 2023

We have developed a serology test platform for identifying individuals with prior exposure to specific viral infections and provide data to help reduce public health risks. The serology test composed of a pair of cell lines engineered to express either a viral envelop protein (Target Cell) or a receptor to recognize the Fc region of an antibody (Reporter Cell), that is,Diagnostic‐Cell‐Complex (DxCell‐Complex). The formation of an immune synapse, facilitated by the analyte antibody, resulted into a dual‐reporter protein expression by the Reporter Cell. We validated it with human serum with confirmed history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. No signal amplification steps were necessary. The DxCell‐Complex quantitatively detected the target‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) within 1 h. Validation with clinical human serum containing SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies confirmed 97.04% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity. The platform can be redirected against other antibodies. Self‐replication and activation‐induced cell signaling, two attributes of the cell, will enable rapid and cost‐effective manufacturing and its operation in healthcare facilities without requiring time‐consuming signal amplification steps.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and non‐parental care placement among head start‐eligible low‐income children
Authors: Lee Kyunghee
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to determine if adverse childhood experience (ACE) is a predictor for non‐parental care status based on the Head Start Impact Study data. ACEs consisted of parental alcohol/drug use, depression, neglectful parenting practices, family violence and single parenthood. Children's non‐parental care status was based on whether children lived in a placement away from their biological parents. This study examined (i) if each of the ACEs have any association with the status of non‐parental care and (ii) if the cumulative number of ACEs have any impact on these associations. Each of the ACEs was associated with the likelihood of children living apart from their biological parents except parental alcohol/drug abuse. As children's ACE scores increased, so did the likelihood of them being in non‐parental care. Children whose mothers had less than a high school education, those speaking English at home and children living in rural areas were more likely to be in non‐parental care, whereas recently immigrated families were less likely to be in non‐parental care. ACEs screening and family‐focused trauma‐informed care should be implemented within early childcare and education programs, such as Head Start, to ensure wellbeing among young at‐risk children with ACEs.
Acute onset of hip pain and swelling with calcification mimicking pyogenic myositis
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuhiro
Published: March 2023

In cases with acute hip pain, noninflammatory orthopedics diseases are common. But we sometimes experience acute pyomyositis with high inflammation. Although a rare case, we consider calcific tendonitis and pyogenic myositis.
Simultaneous Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides to Produce Cyclic Carbonates by Cross‐linked Epoxy Resin Organocatalysts
Authors: Lu Chenjie , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Yang Guan‐Wen , Wu Guang‐Peng
Published: March 2023

The development of efficient bifunctional organocatalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2under mild conditions remains particularly challenging. Inspired by the synergistic mechanism of intramolecular Lewis acid‐base active sites, we report a series of bifunctional cross‐linked epoxy resin organocatalysts containing multiple active sites for the cycloaddition reaction of dilute CO2with epoxides. These catalysts exhibit high reactivity and product selectivity (10 examples, >99 %) for the cycloaddition reactions of a variety of epoxides and CO2, and surprisingly, epichlorohydrin (ECH), can be converted under ambient temperature and pressure (25 °C, 1.0 bar) without co‐catalysts.1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR and in situ IR studies suggest that the simultaneous and efficient activation of CO2and epoxides is responsible for the improved catalytic activity. Upon an insightful investigation of the catalytic mechanism, this protocol will contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly metal‐free catalysts.
Extending the Palette of Green Coumarin Photocages – Oligonucleotide Fragmentation and Superior 5’‐Caps
Authors: Kaufmann Janik , Wolf Jonas , Heckel Alexander
Published: March 2023

The possibilities of dicyanocoumarin (DCCM)‐modified oligonucleotides are expanded to not just allow their release and therefore activation with green light (OFF→ON) but to also now offer a solution for their fragmentation after exposure to green light (ON→OFF). Furthermore, an answer to the decreasing uncaging quantum yields often faced when working with red‐shifted photocages is given and showed that rigidified DCCM 5’‐caps outperform their predecessors. Those two new 5’‐caps with ATTO 390 motif or julolidine core are compatible with copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloadditions (CuAACs) and therefore suitable for efficient caging through cyclization or more bioconjugation reactions. Due to their planarization, they even experience an additional red‐shift which is important for their use in biological applications.
Vortex Filament Solutions of the Navier‐Stokes Equations
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Germain Pierre , Harrop‐Griffiths Benjamin
Published: March 2023

We consider solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations in 3d with vortex filament initial data of arbitrary circulation, that is, initial vorticity given by a divergence‐free vector‐valued measure of arbitrary mass supported on a smooth curve. First, we prove global well‐posedness for perturbations of the Oseen vortex column in scaling‐critical spaces. Second, we prove local well‐posedness (in a sense to be made precise) when the filament is a smooth, closed, non‐self‐intersecting curve. Besides their physical interest, these results are the first to give well‐posedness in a neighborhood of large self‐similar solutions of 3d Navier‐Stokes, as well as solutions that are locally approximately self‐similar. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Study on the Defect Structure of Carbon‐Doped ZnO Materials
Authors: Ding Yuchuan , Niu Liyan , Chen Yong , Wang MaoHua
Published: March 2023

Zinc oxide materials doped with different carbon contents are successfully synthesized. The results show that the synthesized samples are all ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size increases with the increase of carbon doping. The size of the samples is about 400–500 nm, and the doped samples have the phenomenon of carbon microsphere adhesion. In addition, with the increase of carbon doping, the optical band gap value of the sample decreases from 3.16 to 2.79 eV, showing a decreasing trend. The results of Raman spectroscopy show that the increase of carbon doping can cause the crystal quality of the sample to decrease and the oxygen vacancy concentration to decrease. Photoluminescence spectroscopy finds that all ZnO samples have oxygen vacancy defects and deep‐level double ionized oxygen vacancies. The carbon‐doped samples show an increase in the proportion of interstitial zinc (Zni) defects and a decrease in the OZn concentration of substitutional defects.
Establishing cognitive baseline in three generations: Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Yang Jin , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Lu Sophia , Liu Xue , Devine Sherral , Au Rhoda , Liu Chunyu
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Generational changes warrant recalibrating normative cognitive measures to detect changes indicative of dementia risk within each generation.

Methods

We performed linear regressions to compare eight neuropsychological (NP) tests among three‐generation cohorts at baseline in Framingham Heart Study (FHS,n = 4787) and conducted Cox regressions to investigate the relationships of NP tests with generation‐specific dementia risk.

Results

The FHS second and third generations performed better than the first generation for seven NP tests (0.14–0.81 standard deviation improvement,P≤ .001) while the second and third generations performed similarly for six of eight NP tests (P > .05). One standard deviation better performance was associated with a higher reduction in incident dementia risk in the second than the first generation (35% vs. 24%,Pinteraction = .02) for the similarities test.

Discussion

Our findings suggest cohort‐based norms are needed for cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia.
The clinicopathologic significance of NPM1 mutation and ability to detect mutated NPM1 by immunohistochemistry in non‐AML myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Kaseb Hatem , Visconte Valeria , Socha Daniel S. , Crane Genevieve M. , Durkin Lisa , Cook James R. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Hsi Eric D. , Rogers Heesun J.
Published: March 2023

NPM1 mutated non‐AML myeloid neoplasms (MN; <20% blasts) are characterized by an aggressive clinical course in a few studies. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of non‐AML MN patients with NPM1 mutations. We assessed NPM1 mutation by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Cytoplasmic NPM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin‐fixed, formic acid‐decalcified bone marrow biopsy specimens. We evaluated 34 non‐AML MN patients with NPM1 mutations comprising MDS (22), MPN (3) and MDS/MPN (9). They commonly presented with anemia (88%), thrombocytopenia (58%) and leukopenia (50%). Bone marrow dysplasia was common (79%). The karyotype was often normal (64%). NGS for MN‐associated mutations performed in a subset of the patients showed a median of 3 mutations. NPM1 mutations were more often missense (c.859C > T p. L287F; 65%) than frameshift insertion/duplication (35%) with median variant allele frequency (VAF; 9.7%, range 5.1%–49.8%). Mutated NPM1 by IHC showed cytoplasmic positivity in 48% and positivity was associated with higher VAF. The median overall survival (OS) in this cohort was 70 months. Nine patients (26%) progressed to AML. OS in patients who progressed to AML was significantly shorter than the one of patients without progression to AML (OS 20 vs. 128 months, respectively, log rank p = 0.05). NPM1 mutated non‐AML MN patients commonly had cytopenias, dysplasia, normal karyotype, mutations in multiple genes, and an unfavorable clinical outcome, including progression to AML. Our data demonstrated that IHC for NPM1 can be a useful supplementary tool to predict NPM1 mutation in some non‐AML MN; however, genetic testing cannot be replaced by IHC assessment.
Syndemic health crises—The growing role of National Public Health Institutes in shaping a coordinated response
Authors: Tweed Sam , Selbie Duncan , Tegnell Anders , Viso Anne‐Catherine , Ahmed Abdifatah , Mastkov Oleksandr , Pendergast Scott , Squires Neil
Published: March 2023

Countries across the world are experiencing syndemic health crises where infectious pathogens including COVID‐19 interact with epidemics of communicable and non‐communicable diseases. Combined with war, environmental instability and the effects of soaring inflation, a public health crisis has emerged requiring an integrated response. Increasingly, national public health institutes (NPHIs) are at the forefront of leading this, as demonstrated at the 2022 Annual Meeting of the International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI). These effects are particularly evident where conflict is exacerbating health crises in Ukraine and Somalia. In Ukraine, medical and public health workers have been killed and infrastructure destroyed, which require major efforts to rebuild to international standards. In Somalia, these crises are magnified by the effects of climate change, leading to greater food insecurity, heat‐related deaths and famine. National public health institutes are crucial in these contexts and many others to support integrated political responses where health challenges span local, national and international levels and involve multiple stakeholders. This can be seen in strengthening of Integrated Disease Surveillance and work towards the Sustainable Development Goals. National public health institutes also provide integration through the international system, working jointly to build national capacities to deliver essential public health functions. In this context, the 2022 IANPHI Annual meeting agreed the Stockholm Statement, highlighting the role that NPHIs play in tackling the causes and effects of interconnected global and local challenges to public health. This represents an important step in addressing complex health crises and syndemics which require whole‐of‐society responses, with NPHIs uniquely placed to work across sectors and provide system leadership in response.
Exploring individuals' workplace spirituality in the context of their work teams: A qualitative multi‐case, multi‐team study
Authors: McClurg Nandini (Nan) Oza , Ellinger Andrea D. , McWhorter Rochell , Osman‐Gani AAhad
Published: March 2023

Spirituality has been associated with a person's desire to perform meaningful work and to feel connected with the community that is being served through this work. Since most adults spend a large amount of their productive hours at work pursuing meaning and purpose in their jobs, the concept of workplace spirituality (WS) has gained considerable attention. The nature of work has also increasingly shifted to the use of teams of expert talent to solve complex problems, thus calls for further research on team member behaviors that effect team productivity and team member motivation have been made. With the prevalence of work teams, a better understanding of individuals' WS in work teams is needed, yet, limited empirical research has been conducted on this topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to better understand how individuals express and experience WS within their work teams and how their WS influences their work teams. A qualitative multi‐case, multi‐team design was employed using face‐to‐face, semi‐structured individual interviews, collective work team interviews, observations, and field notes as the primary approaches to data collection. Data analyzed in this study using thematic analysis included 19 individual team member interviews, and six collective team interviews representing a total of six teams across two organizations. The findings and contributions of this study are presented, along with a future research agenda.
Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma‐aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant
Authors: Okino Kazumaro , Suzuki Hirohisa , Tomioka Hiroi , Sanada Kenji , Kawai Keita , Iwanami Akira , Inamoto Atsuko
Published: March 2023

Background

Although gamma‐aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine (GABA‐BZ) receptor agonists are used to treat insomnia, their long‐term or high‐dosage use causes adverse events. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the discontinuation and replacement of GABA‐BZ receptor agonists with alternative agents is lacking. Suvorexant (SUX), an existing orexin receptor antagonist, is effective in preventing nocturnal awakening in 70%–75% of patients with insomnia.

Methods

The novel dual orexin receptor antagonist lemborexant (LEM) has fewer adverse effects than GABA‐BZ receptor agonists. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we categorised patients taking GABA‐BZ receptor agonists and SUX into LEM‐treated (switched) and non‐treated (non‐switched) groups and compared their outcomes over a 12‐week period.

Results

The GABA‐BZ group (N = 59) comprised 34 ‘switched’ and 25 ‘non‐switched’ and the SUX group (N = 14) comprised 6 ‘switched’ and 8 ‘non‐switched’ patients. A mixed model showed a significant diazepam equivalence reduction in patients taking GABA‐BZ receptor agonists and improved Athens Insomnia Scale score in those taking SUX. The safety and tolerability of GABA‐BZ receptor agonists and SUX were high, and no serious adverse effects were observed after switching to LEM.

Conclusions

Lemborexant may be a useful alternative for long‐term GABA‐BZ receptor agonist users. For SUX, the number of cases (N = 6) was insufficient to draw definite conclusions.
Anodic Fluorination, Methoxylation, Acetoxylation, and Cyanation of Heteroatom Organic Compounds Using Boron‐Doped Diamond, GC, and Pt Electrodes
Authors: Nojima Hideyuki , Shimoda Takashi , Inagi Shinsuke , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: March 2023

Various anodic substitution reactions such as fluorination, methoxylation, acetoxylation, and cyanation of heteroatom compounds containing a sulfur or nitrogen atom were comparatively studied using boron‐doped diamond (BDD), Pt, and glassy carbon (GC) anodes. It was found that BDD anode is highly effective for these anodic substitution reactions similarly to Pt anode although both BDD and GC electrodes are carbon‐based materials.
Advanced imaging system for brain tumor automatic classification from MRI images using HOG and BOF feature extraction approaches
Authors: Shaker Esraa Asem , El‐Hossiny Ahmed S. , Kandil Ahmed Hisham , Elbialy Ahmed , Afify Heba M.
Published: March 2023

Brain tumors have recently become a widespread phenomenon that affects almost all age ranges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used technique nowadays to diagnose this life‐threatening disease. Therefore, using a computer‐aided diagnosis system is essential for the early identification and classification of brain tumors. This work aims to develop a fully automated classification framework for MRI brain tumor images using machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this article, four ML algorithms such as support vector machines (Cubic SVM), k‐nearest neighbors (fine KNN), decision tree (fine tree), and naive Bayes (Kernel) were implemented with two feature extraction approaches: histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and a bag of features (BOF) approach. The novelty of this work is based on the original usage of BOF and HOG approaches over different types of ML algorithms for MRI brain tumor image classification. In addition, combining two public datasets that contain three brain tumor types to generalize and improve the proposed work. The results showed that the fine KNN algorithm achieved the greatest success among all algorithms using the HOG method with an accuracy of 98.62% on 6328 MRI images.
FOXC2‐induced circCASK aggravates colorectal cancer progression by upregulating SIX1 expression
Authors: Zou Junwei , Huang Yong , Chen Yuan , Wu Zhaoying , Xie Hao , Zhou Hailang , Xing Chungen
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the most common gastrointestinal solid carcinoma globally. Substantial evidence has established a pivotal role for circular RNAs (circRNAs) in CRC progression. In this study, differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed based on a public dataset (GSE126094) and elevated expression of circCASK (hsa_circ_0001917) was validated in CRC. Moreover, increased circCASK was also confirmed in CRC patients. Functionally, circCASK knockdown led to a significant decrease in CRC cell growth and attenuated cell migration and invasion. Similarly, circCASK knockdown markedly attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circCASK sponged miR‐1271‐5p and enhanced sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) expression. More importantly, both SIX1 overexpression and miR‐1271‐5p knockdown could reverse the cellular behavior inhibition induced by circCASK knockdown. Furthermore, SIX1 was most strongly and positively linked with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways, circCASK triggered Wnt/β‐catenin signaling through the miR‐1271‐5p/SIX1 axis, and FOXC2 transcriptionally induced circCASK expression. In conclusion, circCASK induced by FOXC2 accelerated CRC progression through the miR‐1271‐5p/SIX1 axis, thus providing an interesting insight into CRC tumorigenesis.
Effect of titanium nanostructured surface on fibroblast behavior
Authors: Vrchovecká Kateřina , Kuta Jan , Uher Martin , Přibyl Jan , Pávková Goldbergová Monika
Published: March 2023

As the consumption of implants increases, so do the requirements for individual types of implants, for example, improved biocompatibility or longevity. Therefore, the nano‐modification of the titanium surface is often chosen. The aim was to characterize the modified surface with a focus on medical applications. The titanium surface was modified by the anodic oxidation method to form nanotubes. Subsequently, the material was characterized and analyzed for medical applications—surface morphology, surface wettability, chemical composition, and release of ions into biological fluids. A human gingival fibroblasts (HGFb) cell line was used in the viability study. A homogeneous layer of nanotubes of defined dimensions was formed on the titanium surface, ensuring the material's biocompatibility—the preparation conditions influence the resulting properties of the nanostructured surface. Nanostructured titanium exhibited more suitable characteristics (e.g., wettability, roughness, ion release) for biological applications than compared to pure titanium. It was possible to understand the behavior of the modified layer on the titanium surface and its effect on cell behavior. Another contribution of this work is the combination of material characterization (ion release) with the study of cytocompatibility (direct contact of cells with metals).