bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Translational Opportunities of Nanocarriers Containing RNAi for the Management of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Pradhan Rajesh , Lee David , Sharma Mahalaxmi , Nasab Shima Zahed , Hejmady Siddhanth , Chander Subhash , Mohaghegh Neda , Maity Surjendu , Khan Shahid , Khademhosseini Ali , Kirane Amanda
Published: March 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer develops from malignant cells within the interior lining of milk ducts or, less frequently, in the stromal tissues and accounts for ≈15% of all breast cancers. Breast cancer is highly prevalent with the overall number of cases expected to reach 27.78 million by 2040, according to the World Health Organization. MiRNAs serve a novel role in management of breast cancer through their ability to indirectly control the translation of coding mRNA and regulate the expression of specific genes, which allows it to play a significant role in cancer therapeutics. However, inherent characteristics of miRNA including rapid clearance via renal excretion, degradation by nucleases in plasma, and additional factors limit its clinical application. To reduce these limitations, miRNA can be administered in conjunction small molecules with nanocarriers, which then allow it to impart its benefits including inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This review highlights the current application of nanocarrier‐based delivery approach of miRNA/siRNA for triple negative breast cancer treatment.
Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xiao , Cheng Zhongping
Published: March 2024

Oncolytic viruses are novel and promising therapeutic regimens that promote antitumor efficacy through multimode mechanisms, including direct lysis of tumor cells, release of the tumor antigens and danger signals, induction of immunological cell death, activation of innate, and adaptive immune response. In addition, oncolytic viruses can be engineered to express virus‐centered and immune‐centered therapeutic transgenes, further transforming the “cold” tumor into “hot” and enhancing the oncolytic efficacy. Several oncolytic viruses are engineered and widely used as potential therapeutic agents for many cancers and the therapeutic strategies and effectiveness vary among different types of oncolytic viruses. Finally, oncolytic viruses‐based combination immunotherapy is practiced in preclinical and clinical studies, and indicates that combination of oncolytic viruses with conventional therapy or immunomodulatory agents exerts favorable antitumor efficacy.
Uniaxial‐Oriented Perovskite Films with Controllable Orientation
Authors: Li Dongni , Sun Xiangyu , Zhang Yao , Guan Zhen , Yue Yansong , Wang Qingya , Zhao Lu , Liu Fangze , Wei Jing , Li Hongbo
Published: March 2024

Perovskite films with large crystal size, preferred orientation, and facile fabrication process, combining advantages of single‐crystal and polycrystalline films, have gained considerable attention recently. However, there is little research on the facet properties of perovskite films. Here, (111)‐ and (001)‐oriented perovskite films with bandgaps ranging from 1.53 to 1.77 eV, and systematically investigated their orientation‐dependent properties are achieved. The (111)‐oriented films show electron‐dominated traps and the (001)‐oriented films show hole‐dominated traps, which are related to their atomic arrangement at the surface. Compared with the (001)‐oriented films, the (111)‐oriented films exhibit lower work function and superior water/oxygen robustness. For the wide‐bandgap films, the lattice of the (001)‐oriented film provides an unobstructed passage for ion migration. Comparably, the (111)‐oriented films exhibit suppressed ion migration and excellent phase stability. The optimized unencapsulated solar cells based on both (001) and (111) orientations show a similar high efficiency of ≈23%. The (111)‐oriented solar cell exhibits excellent stability, maintaining 95% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h maximum power point (MPP) tracking test, and 97% initial efficiency after 3000 h aging in ambient conditions. This work paves the way for the rational design, controllable synthesis, and targeted optimization of uniaxial‐oriented perovskite films for various electronic applications.
The Trade‐Off between Transconductance and Speed for Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Skowrons Michael , Schander Andreas , Negron Alvaro Galeana Perez , Lüssem Björn
Published: March 2024

The high transconductance gm of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has received widespread attention and made OECTs a valid candidate for wearable sensor systems. However, the large transconductance is often accompanied by large switching time constants, τ, making the transconductance an imperfect benchmark. For a fair assessment, the ratio of transconductance to switching time constant has to be considered instead of any single parameter in isolation. One approach put forward to optimize OECTs is a vertical design, in which the channel length can be scaled into the sub‐micrometer regime. Here, a new vertical device geometry is proposed, in which the active volume of the mixed conductor is confined to a small cavity between source and drain, yielding excellent performance and reproducibility. It is shown that this approach yields optimized ratios instead of maximized transconductance only. However, this scaling is effective only in a small range of device dimensions and requires careful optimization of the device to not be limited by parasitic effects such as excess volume of the mixed conductor or parasitic series resistances. Overall, the design considerations discussed here provide new guidelines to optimize OECTs, not only for high transconductance but for operation at high frequencies as well.
Systematic Review on Fabrication, Properties, and Applications of Advanced Materials in Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors
Authors: Mathew Jinu , Zheng Dingchang , Xu Jianwei , Liu Haipeng
Published: March 2024

Photoplethysmography (PPG) technology enables the measurement of multiple physiological and psychological parameters with low‐cost wearable sensors and is reshaping modern healthcare. Advanced materials play a vital role in improving reliability and accuracy of PPG sensors. Recently, various advanced materials have been explored to optimize PPG sensor design, while some challenges exist toward large‐scale validation and mass production. This paper focuses on advanced materials applied in the photodetectors, light sources, and circuits of PPG sensors. The materials are categorized into four groups: inorganic, organic, nanomaterials, and hybrid materials. The properties and fabrication processes are summarized. Other technical details including the mode of operation, measurement sites, testing, and validation are discussed. The merits and limitations of the state of the art are highlighted to provide some suggestions for the future development of PPG sensors based on advanced materials.
Exploring and leveraging aggregation effects on reactive oxygen species generation in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhuang Zeyan , Li Jianqing , Shen Pingchuan , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2024

Aggregate‐level photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted significant interest and driven substantial advances in multifunction phototheranostic platforms. As exemplified by two typical instances of aggregation‐caused quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggregation‐induced generation of ROS, the aggregation effect plays a significant role on the ROS generation of photosensitizers (PSs), which is worthy of in‐depth exploration and full utilization. However, in contrast to the well‐developed researches on the aggregation effect on luminescence, the studies concerning the aggregation effect on ROS generation are currently in a relatively nascent and disjointed stage, lacking guidance from a firmly established research paradigm. To advance this regard, this review aims at providing a consolidated overview of the fundamental principles and research status of aggregation effects on the ROS generation. Here, the research status can be organized into two main facets. One involves the comparison between isolated state and aggregated state, which is mainly conducted by two methods of changing solvent environments and adding adjuvants into a given solvent. The other underscores the distinctions between different aggregate states, consisting of three parts, namely comparison within the same or between different categories based on the classification of single‐component and multicomponent aggregates. In this endeavor, we will present our views on current research methodologies that explore how aggregation affects ROS generation and highlight the design strategies to leverage the aggregation effect to optimize PS regiments. We aspire this review to propel the advancement of phototheranostic platforms and accelerate the clinical implementation of precision medicine, and inspire more contributions to aggregate‐level photophysics and photochemistry, pushing the aggregate science and materials forward.
Combined balloon Eustachian tuboplasty/endoscopic sinus surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Yu , Lin Wei‐Chieh , Lin Chung‐Ching , Chou Yi‐Fan
Published: March 2024

Background

To elucidate the role of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), we evaluated the results of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with and without BET in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with obstructive ETD.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial conducted in a single‐institution tertiary care center setting included 50 patients diagnosed with primary chronic rhinosinusitis and obstructive ETD between July 2018 and June 2022. Twenty‐five patients were prospectively enrolled for combined ESS/BET. The control group (25 patients) underwent ESS alone. Outcome measurements of the Sinonasal Outcome Test 22, modified Lund–Kennedy score, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7 (ETDQ‐7), and serial Eustachian tube function test results were analyzed 3 months postoperatively.

Results

The improvement (12.60 ± 6.50) in the ETDQ‐7 score in the BET group was significantly higher than that in the control group (6.60 ± 5.58). The ratio of improvement in the ETDQ‐7 score was also significantly higher in the BET than in the control group (92% vs. 68%, p = 0.034). Logistic regression analysis showed that performing BET (odds ratio [OR]: 5.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–28.79, p = 0.048) and a low post‐modified Lund–Kennedy score (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04–0.54, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with ETDQ‐7 score improvement.

Conclusion

Combined BET/ESS could decrease otologic symptoms and improve Eustachian tube function. BET may be an appropriate adjunctive procedure for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with obstructive ETD.
The Inflation Reduction Act: Implications for Medicare spending and access to biologic therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and asthma
Authors: Rathi Vinay K. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Workman Alan D. , Chapurin Nikita , Rowan Nicholas R. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: March 2024

Key points

In 2021, Medicare spending on biologics was $926 million in Part B (FFS) and $1.3 billion in Part D (FFS/MA).

Between 2017 and 2021, annual Medicare spending on biologics increased by approximately 200%.

Between 2023 and 2025, Medicare Part D OOP costs for biologics will decrease by an estimated 50%–60%.
Transesterification Induced Multifunctional Additives Enable High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao Yuanhang , Wu Gang , Fang Wenqiang , Qin Zuosu , Zhang Tao , Yan Jiaxing , Zhong Yunpeng , Zhang Ning , Chen Gen
Published: March 2024

The electrolyte chemistry is crucially important for promoting the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate (DIDP) and trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetate (TMSF) can undergo in situ transesterification in carbonate electrolyte to generate dimethyl trimethylsilyl phosphate (DTMSP) and 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (DITFA) as multifunctional additives for LMBs. H2O and HF can be removed by the Si−O group in DTMSP to improve the moisture resistance of electrolyte and the stability of cathode. Furthermore, the dissolution of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) in carbonate electrolyte can be promoted by the trifluoroacetate anion (TFA−) in DITFA, thereby optimizing the solvation structure and transport kinetics of Li+. More importantly, both DTMSP and DITFA tend to preferential redox decomposition due to the low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Consequently, a thin and robust layer rich in P/N/Si on the cathode and an inorganic‐rich layer (e.g. Li3N/Li3P) on the anode can be constructed and superior electrochemical performances are achieved. This artificial transesterification strategy to introduce favorable additives paves an efficient and ingenious route to high‐performance electrolyte for LMBs.
A NIR‐II Photoacoustic Probe for High Spatial Quantitative Imaging of Tumor Nitric Oxide in Vivo
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Zhang Changli , Sun Qian , Wang Xiaoqing , Chen Yuncong , He Weijiang , Guo Zijian , Liu Zhipeng
Published: March 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits both pro‐ and anti‐tumor effects. Therefore, real‐time in vivo imaging and quantification of tumor NO dynamics are essential for understanding the conflicting roles of NO played in pathophysiology. The current molecular probes, however, cannot provide high‐resolution imaging in deep tissues, making them unsuitable for these purposes. Herein, we designed a photoacoustic probe with an absorption maximum beyond 1000 nm for high spatial quantitative imaging of in vivo tumor NO dynamics. The probe exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selective ratiometric response behavior, and good tumor‐targeting abilities, facilitating ratiometric imaging of tumor NO throughout tumor progression in a micron‐resolution level. Using the probe as the imaging agent, we successfully quantified NO dynamics in tumor, liver and kidney. We have pinpointed an essential concentration threshold of around 80 nmol/cm3 for NO, which plays a crucial role in the “double‐edged‐sword” function of NO in tumors. Furthermore, we revealed a reciprocal relationship between the NO concentration in tumors and that in the liver, providing initial insights into the possible NO‐mediated communication between tumor and the liver. We believe that the probe will help resolve conflicting aspects of NO biology and guide the design of imaging agents for tumor diagnosis and anti‐cancer drug screening.
Interface‐Compatible Gel‐Polymer Electrolyte Enabled by NaF‐Solubility‐Regulation toward All‐Climate Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaoniu , Xie Zhengkun , Wang Ruixue , Luo Jun , Chen Jiacheng , Guo Shuai , Tang Guochuan , Shi Yu , Chen Weihua
Published: March 2024

Gel‐polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a pragmatic choice for high‐safety sodium batteries but still plagued by interfacial compatibility with both cathode and anode simultaneously. Here, salt‐in‐polymer fibers with NaF salt inlaid in polylactide (PLA) fiber network was fabricated via electrospinning and subsequent in situ forming gel‐polymer electrolyte in liquid electrolytes. The obtained PLA‐NaF GPE achieves a high ion conductivity (2.50×10−3 S cm−1) and large Na+ transference number (0.75) at ambient temperature. Notably, the dissolution of NaF salt occupies solvents leading to concentrated‐electrolyte environment, which facilitates aggregates with increased anionic coordination (anion/Na+ >1). Aggregates with higher HOMO realize the preferential oxidation on the cathode so that inorganic‐rich and stable CEI covers cathode’ surface, preventing particles’ breakage and showing good compatibility with different cathodes (Na3V2(PO4)3, Na2+2xFe2‐x(SO4)3, Na0.72Ni0.32Mn0.68O2, NaTi2(PO4)3). While, passivated Na anode induced by the lower LUMO of aggregates, and the lower surface tension between Na anode and PLA‐NaF GPE interface, leading to the dendrites‐free Na anode. As a result, the assembled Na || Na3V2(PO4)3 cells display excellent electrochemical performance at all‐climate conditions.
Photoactivated Circularly Polarized Luminescent Organic Radicals in Doped Amorphous Polymer
Authors: She Pengfei , Qin Yanyan , Zhou Yuxiang , Zheng Xiaokang , Li Feiyang , Liu Shujuan , Ma Yun , Zhao Qiang , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: March 2024

Luminescent organic radicals, especially those with photoactivated circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features, hold great significance for cutting‐edge optoelectronic applications, but their development still remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to achieve photoactivated CPL radicals by bonding two phosphine centers within an axial chiral system, yielding a compound of R/S‐5,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐4,4′‐bibenzo[d][1,3]dioxole (R/S‐BDP). The photoactivated R/S‐BDP molecules in polymer matrix display a robust quantum yield of 19.8 % and a dissymmetry factor (glum) of 1.2×10−4, marking this work as the first example of photoactivated CPL radicals. Furthermore, the glum is improved to 1.0×10−2 by using a liquid crystal as host. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that R/S‐BDP molecules, endowed with double phosphine cores in axial chirality, offer a direct way for intramolecular electron transfer upon photoirradiation. This leads to the generation of radical ionic pairs, which subsequently trigger the donor‐acceptor arrangement through intermolecular electron transfer, thereby resulting in stable radical emission. The extended photoactivated BDP‐F exhibits a remarkably high quantum efficiency of 57.8%. Ultimately, the distinctive photo‐responsive CPL radical luminescence has been successfully used for information displays and anti‐counterfeiting.
Microencapsulation of pyriproxyfen using the particles from gas‐saturated solutions process as a controlled‐release system
Authors: Sharmin Tanjina , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Sakai Hiroki , Shibata Kouichiro , Ema Konoka , Irie Keiichi , Satho Tomomitsu , Mishima Kenji
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether pyriproxyfen (PPF), a synthetic juvenile hormone analog (JHA), could be encapsulated in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using the process particles from the gas‐saturated solutions (PGSS) for a controlled‐release system. The PGSS process represents a promising two‐step production system especially suited for the encapsulation and controlled‐release system (CRS). In contrast to traditional encapsulation methods that often involve the use of harsh organic solvents or high temperatures, the PGSS process offers a gentler approach employing scCO2 as an alternative. The solubility of scCO2 in polymer (poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone [PCL]) allowed for the formation of PPF microparticles, and the particle size distribution could be controlled by adjustment of operating pressure and temperature. The obtained particles had a mean particle size of 73.6 ± 2 μm and encapsulation efficiency of 78.8 ± 9% at 60°C and 10 MPa. Furthermore, the in vitro dissolution profiles of PPF–PCL particles showed a low‐level release pattern (42.5 ± 5 ppb/d) in water, followed by zero‐order kinetics indicating a high‐performance CRS. Finally, the in vivo bioassay using microparticles treated water exhibited 95%–100% emergence inhibition of mosquitoes, suggesting the effectiveness of PPF–PCL particles as a mosquito control agent.
Tuning of ultraviolet‐curable ink printability via in situ ultraviolet irradiation during direct ink write applications
Authors: Jackson Sean , Zaragoza Lysette , Kumar Balaji Krisna , Dickens Tarik
Published: March 2024

Direct ink write deposition facilitates line‐by‐line extrusion of inks spanning wide viscoelastic ranges. Following deposition, post processing technologies permit tuning of the extrudate's material property characteristics—ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, facilitating the photopolymerization of UV‐reactive catalyst solutions, permits targeted modification of the extrudate's microstructure and in situ tuning of extrudate macrostructure. This report analyzes the morphological, rheological, and microstructural property relationships governing the printability, and processivity, of extruded UV‐curable resin inks for delineation of sufficiency and optimization of ink printability utilizing direct ink write technologies. A design‐of‐experiments approach is implemented to quantify significance regarding an extrudate's dimensional response to extrusion parameter variation and in situ processing parameters, identifying proportionally of nozzle velocity, nozzle height, and UV irradiation exposure with extrudate aspect ratio, reflected by respective maximum extrudate aspect ratio increases of 158% and 109%, regarding 121 and 123K resin inks. Finally, the relationship between extrudate morphology and microstructure variation was assessed via dielectric cure monitoring, whereby an extrudate's ion viscosity was calculated in relation to its rheological modulus, reflecting the relationship between an extrudate's morphology, rheological response, and printability, regarding its microstructural variation.
Winning conditions for evading into a circular region with speed advantage
Authors: Zhou Shaobo , Li Huiping , Wang Keyang , Huang Panfeng , Sun Changyin
Published: March 2024

In this study, we consider a two‐player pursuit‐evasion game in which an evader attempts to evade into a circular region while a pursuer along the boundary of this region aims at intercepting the evader. The evader is considered to possess a higher speed than that of the pursuer, which makes this study different from the existing ones. Both the players are assumed to have constant speeds and simple motions; that is, they can change their moving directions instantaneously. The sufficient conditions for the evader to win the game against the pursuer with a zero capture radius or a positive capture radius are proposed using geometric methods. In addition, both the evading strategies under the corresponding derived conditions against the pursuer are developed.
Harnessing the Potential of Zn Powder Anodes: Innovations and Future Directions in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Dongshu , Xu Xilian , Meng Shibo , Li Jun , Feng Jinxiu , Chen Yuchao , Liu Wenxian , Wu Fangfang , Shi Wenhui , Cao Xiehong
Published: March 2024

The pursuit of alternative anode materials featuring inexpensive, efficient, and adaptable is shaping the future of rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries. The Zn powder anodes stand out among contenders due to their cost‐effectiveness, exceptional processability, and adjustability. However, their widespread use is hampered by significant challenges, including volume expansion and dendrite growth. To counter these issues, a gamut of optimization strategies for Zn powder anodes has been explored and developed. This review systematically encapsulates these research findings, offering a comprehensive understanding of various enhancement methods, such as three‐dimensional printing, in‐situ surface engineering, scalable electrostatic self‐assembly, and epoxy oligomer binding. These methodologies are discussed in detail in the context of their unique synthesis methods and underlying mechanisms. The paper concludes by outlining prospective research trajectories aimed at further optimizing the use of Zn powder anodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, thereby illuminating potential avenues for future exploration and development.
The synthesis and properties of Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce3+ (CSSG) phosphor are utilized for the development of human‐centric lighting light‐emitting diodes (HCL‐LEDs)
Authors: Lan Nguyen Mai Cao Hoang Phuong , Thang Cao Xuan , Viet Dao Xuan , Tung Nguyen Viet , Kien Nguyen Duc Trung
Published: March 2024

In this study, cerium ion (Ce3+)‐doped calcium scandium silicate garnet (Ca3Sc2Si3O12, abbreviated CSSG) phosphors were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. The crystal phase, morphology, and photoluminescence properties of the synthesized phosphors were thoroughly investigated. Under excitation by a blue light‐emitting diode (LED) chip (450 nm), the CSSG phosphor displayed a wide emission spectrum spanning from green to yellow. Remarkably, the material exhibited exceptional thermal stability, with an emissivity ratio at 150°C to that at 25°C reaching approximately 85%. Additionally, the material showcased impressive optical performance when tested with a blue LED chip, including a color rendering index (CRI) exceeding 90, an R9 value surpassing 50, and a biological impact ratio (M/P) above 0.6. These noteworthy findings underscore the potential applications of CSSG as a white light‐converting phosphor, particularly in the realm of human‐centered lighting.
Comprehensive analysis indicated that NDE1 is a potential biomarker for pan‐cancer and promotes bladder cancer progression
Authors: Wang Peihan , Ning Jinzhuo , Chen Wu , Zou Fan , Yu Weimin , Rao Ting , Cheng Fan
Published: March 2024

Background

The nuclear distribution E homologue 1 (NDE1) is a crucial dynein binding partner. The NDE1 protein has the potential to disrupt the normal functioning of centrosomes, leading to a compromised ability to generate spindles and ensure precise separation of chromosomes during cell division. The potential consequences of this phenomenon include genomic instability, malignant transformation and the proliferation of neoplastic growths. However, studies examining the connection between NDE1 and cancer is still very rare.

Methods

The expression level, prognostic impact, gene change, DNA methylation, protein interaction, mRNA m6A modification, ceRNA network, associated gene and function enrichment, and immune‐related effects of NDE1 in pan‐cancer were examined using a range of online analytic tools and the R software package. The CCK‐8 test, transwell assay, scratch assay and colony formation assay were used to confirm the effects of NDE1 on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer cells.

Results

Numerous tumour types have elevated NDE1, which is linked to a bad prognosis. NDE1 is an excellent diagnostic tool for many different types of cancer. Numerous malignancies have been linked to genetic changes in NDE1. NDE1 was connected to TMB, MSI, several immunological checkpoint genes and immune cell infiltration. NDE1 is linked to a number of immunological subtypes. NDE1 could affect how well immunotherapy works to treat different types of cancer. NDE1 was mostly associated with cell cycle, chromosomal segregation, DNA replication and mitotic segregation, according to GO and KEGG analyses. NDE1 physically binds to PAFAH1B1 and DCTN1, respectively. The proliferation, invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer cells may be prevented by NDE1 knockdown. Furthermore, knockdown of NDE1 promoted the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

Conclusion

High expression of NDE1 is present in a variety of tumours, which is linked to a bad prognosis for cancer. Knockdown of NDE1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer cells, and promoted the apoptosis. For a number of malignancies, NDE1 may be a biomarker for immunotherapy and prognosis.
High TPX2 expression results in poor prognosis, and Sp1 mediates the coupling of the CX3CR1/CXCL10 chemokine pathway to the PI3K/Akt pathway through targeted inhibition of TPX2 in endometrial cancer
Authors: Yang Mei , Mao Xiaogang , Li Lin , Yang Jiang , Xing Hui , Jiang Chunfan
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Approximately 30% of individuals with advanced EC have unsatisfactory prognosis. Evidence suggests that TPX2 is frequently upregulated in malignancies and related to cancer progression. Its role and pathological mechanism in EC need further research.

Methods

GSEA and TPX2 expression, GO, KEGG, and prognostic analyses were performed with TCGA data by bioinformatic approaches. Relationships between TPX2 expression and clinicopathological parameters were investigated immunohistochemically and statistically. shRNA and overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected into AN3CA and Ishikawa cells to evaluate phenotypic changes and injected into nude mouse axillae. Coimmunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to identify interacting proteins and promoter‐binding sequences. Changes in TPX2 expression were identified by Western blotting and RT–qPCR.

Results

TPX2 expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in normal tissues in TCGA and in‐house specimens (all p < 0.001). In survival analysis, high TPX2 expression was associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.003). TPX2 overexpression stimulated cancer cell proliferation, promoted the G0‐G1‐to‐G2/M transition, enhanced invasion and migration, and accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. TPX2 regulated the CX3CR1/CXCL10 chemokine pathway and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Sp1 negatively regulated TPX2 expression, affecting the malignant progression of endometrial cancer cells by coupling the CX3CR1/CXCL10 chemokine pathway to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion

TPX2 could be a prognostic biomarker for EC and play an important role in the CX3CR1/CXCL10 chemokine pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway via Sp1.
Incidence of skeletal‐related events in patients with Ewing sarcoma: An observational retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Aiba Hisaki , Kojima Yuki , Shimoi Tatsunori , Sudo Kazuki , Yazaki Shu , Imai Toru , Yoshida Akihiko , Iwata Shintaro , Kobayashi Eisuke , Kawai Akira , Arakawa Ayumu , Ogawa Chitose , Kimura Hiroaki , Yonemori Kan
Published: March 2024

Background

Skeletal‐related events (SREs), including the pathological fracture, surgical treatment or radiation of bone lesions, malignant spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, are important considerations when managing metastatic bone tumors; however, owing to their rarity, the incidence of SREs in patients with Ewing sarcoma remains unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data from 146 patients with Ewing sarcoma treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 22.7 years. Fifty patients (34.2%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. The primary outcome was the SRE‐free rate among patients with Ewing sarcoma. Moreover, we identified the risk factors for SREs using univariate or multivariate analyses.

Results

During the observational period (median, 2.6 years), SREs occurred in 23 patients. Radiation to the bone, malignant spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia were documented as the initial SREs in 12 patients (52.2%), 10 patients (43.5%), and one patient (4.3%), respectively. The SRE‐free rate was 94.2 ± 2.0, 87.3 ± 3.0, and 79.6 ± 3.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years after the initial visit, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed bone metastasis at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.41, p = 0.007), bone marrow invasion (HR = 34.08, p < 0.001), and local progression or recurrence after definitive treatment (HR = 3.98, p = 0.012) as independent risk factors for SREs.

Conclusions

SREs are non‐rare events that can occur during the treatment course for Ewing sarcoma, with an especially high incidence of malignant spinal cord compression. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis, especially in the bone or bone marrow, or with local progression or recurrence after definitive treatment, should be carefully monitored for the occurrence of SREs. The most effective methods to monitor the occurrence of SREs and new preventative therapies for SREs should be investigated in the future.
Psychometric validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Endometrial among endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Noh Joseph J. , Kim Youngha , Cho Juhee , Kang Danbee , Lee Yoo‐Young
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate a psychometric validation of the endometrial cancer subscales (EnCS) in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Endometrial (FACT‐EN) among patients with endometrial cancer.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at a tertiary university‐based hospital in South Korea between April and October 2022. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the FACT‐EN. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) and the reliability were measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) under a two‐way mixed model. Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the validity. We also tested known‐group validity.

Results

In total, 240 patients with endometrial cancer participated in the survey. In EFA, we found EnCS included four domains. In CFA, four‐factor solution model was good: CFI = 0.659; SRMR = 0.066, and RMSEA = 0.073. The mean (SD) of total score of FACT‐EN was 122.84 (23.58). The floor and ceiling effects were 0.4% and 0.4%, respectively. Cronbach's α coefficients for the five scales of the EnCS ranged from 0.78 to 0.91. The ICC of EnCS was 0.76. The convergent and discriminant validity of EnCS was acceptable. In the group analysis, older age and lower ECOG performance scores were associated with higher EnCS scores. The stomach and vaginal domains in EnCS were higher in patients who had completed treatment for more than 1 year compared to those who were still undergoing treatment.

Conclusions

FACT‐EN has demonstrated its validity as an assessment tool with significant implications for capturing various symptoms in patients with endometrial cancer.
Strategies for the Construction of Multicyclic Phage Display Libraries
Authors: Chen Fa‐Jie , Pinnette Nicole , Gao Jianmin
Published: March 2024

Peptide therapeutics have gained great interest due to their multiple advantages over small molecule and antibody‐based drugs. Peptide drugs are easier to synthesize, have the potential for oral bioavailability, and are large enough to target protein‐protein interactions that are undruggable by small molecules. However, two major limitations have made it difficult to develop novel peptide therapeutics not derived from natural products, including the metabolic instability of peptides and the difficulty of reaching antibody‐like potencies and specificities. Compared to linear and disulfide‐monocyclized peptides, multicyclic peptides can provide increased conformational rigidity, enhanced metabolic stability, and higher potency in inhibiting protein‐protein interactions. The identification of novel multicyclic peptide binders can be difficult, however, recent advancements in the construction of multicyclic phage libraries have greatly advanced the process of identifying novel multicyclic peptide binders for therapeutically relevant protein targets. This review will describe the current approaches used to create multicyclic peptide libraries, highlighting the novel chemistries developed and the proof‐of‐concept work done on validating these libraries against different protein targets.
3D Carbonaceous Foams Derived from High Internal Phase Emulsion for Energy Applications
Authors: Jouanne C. , Pham‐Truong T. N. , Vancaeyzeele C. , Muya F. N. , Pokpas K. , Baker P. G. L. , Aubert P. H.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding monolithic porous polymers known as poly(High Internal Phase Emulsion) – poly(HIPE) – which are synthesized from high internal phase emulsions. This is due to their exceptional capability to produce three‐dimensional structures with substantial porosity. Nevertheless, the exploitation of this family of materials in energy‐driven applications is still limited, mainly because of their lack of conductivity. The exploration of conducting materials with 3D polymeric frameworks remains a promising avenue for research. In this context, pyrolysed poly(HIPE) seems to be the simplest and most cost‐effective strategy to directly transform a 3D polymer into a 3D conductive carbon foam, that is, carboHIPE. Currently, CarboHIPE and its derivatives are becoming alternatives to commercially available activated carbon/graphite or expensive graphene and carbon nanotube‐based materials. Accordingly, gaining insight into the formation of these materials is crucial to accelerate their use in commercial energy devices. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of various synthesis pathways utilized to modify the characteristics of CarboHIPEs, as well as the recent developments in their application as active components in energy‐based systems.
In situ Diazonium Salt Formation and Photochemical Aryl‐Aryl Coupling in Continuous Flow Monitored by Inline NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Deckers Christoph , Rehm Thomas H.
Published: March 2024

A novel class of diazonium salts is introduced for the photochemical aryl‐aryl coupling to produce (substituted) biphenyls. As common diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts fail, soluble and safe aryl diazonium trifluoroacetates are applied. In this mild synthesis route no catalysts are required to generate an aryl‐radical by irradiation with UV‐A light (365 nm). This reactive species undergoes direct C−H arylation at an arene, forming the product in reasonable reaction times. With the implementation of a continuous flow setup in a capillary photoreactor 13 different biphenyl derivatives are successfully synthesized. By integrating an inline 19F‐NMR benchtop spectrometer, samples are reliably quantified as the fluorine‐substituents act as a probe. Here, real‐time NMR spectroscopy is a perfect tool to monitor the continuously operated system, which produces fine chemicals of industrial relevance even in a multigram scale.
Scope and Limitations of Using Microemulsions for the Covalent Patterning of Graphene
Authors: Naranjo Alicia , Garrido Marina , Martín Sabanés Natalia , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: March 2024

Patterning of graphene (functionalizing some areas while leaving others intact) is challenging, as all the C atoms in the basal plane are identical, but it is also desirable for a variety of applications, like opening a bandgap in the electronic structure of graphene. Several methods have been reported to pattern graphene, but most of them are very technologically intensive. Recently, we reported the use of microemulsions as templates to pattern graphene at the μm scale. This method is very simple and in principle tunable, as emulsions of different droplet size and composition can be prepared easily. Here, we explore in detail the scope of this methodology by applying it to all the combinations of four different emulsions and three different organic reagents, and characterizing the resulting substrates exhaustively through Raman, SEM and AFM. We find that the method is general, works better when the reactive species are outside the micelles, and requires reactive species that involve short reaction times.
Nlmixr2 Versus NONMEM: An Evaluation of Maximum A Posteriori Bayesian Estimates Following External Evaluation of Gentamicin and Tobramycin Population Pharmacokinetic Models
Authors: Duong Alexandre , Marsot Amélie
Published: March 2024

The objective of this project is to compare the results of the same study carried out on NONMEM and nlmixr2. This analysis consists of evaluating previously published population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin and tobramycin in our population of interest with sparse concentrations. A literature review was performed to determine the gentamicin and tobramycin models in critically ill adult patients. In parallel, gentamicin and tobramycin dosing data, information on the treatment, the patient, and the bacteria were collected retrospectively in 2 Quebec establishments. The external evaluations were previously performed using NONMEM Version 7.5. Model equations were rewritten with R, and external evaluations were performed using nlmixr2. Predictive performance was assessed based on the estimation of bias and imprecision of the prediction error for maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian PK parameter and observed concentrations. Comparison between nlmixr2 and NONMEM was performed on 4 gentamicin and 3 tobramycin population pharmacokinetic models. Compared to NONMEM, for gentamicin and tobramycin clearance and central volume of distribution, nlmixr2 produced individual pharmacokinetic parameters with bias values ranging from −32.5% to 5.67% and imprecision values ranging from 6.33% to 32.5%. Despite these differences, population bias and imprecision for sparse concentrations were low and ranged from 0% to 5.3% and 0.2% to 6.5%, respectively. The external evaluations performed with both software packages resulted in the same interpretation in terms of population predictive performance for all 7 models. Nlmxir2 showed comparable predictive performance with NONMEM with sparse concentrations that are, at most, sampled twice within a single dose administration (peak and trough).
Isolation and Culturing of Primary Murine Chondroprogenitor Cells: A Mammalian Model of Chondrogenesis
Authors: Vágó Judit , Somogyi Csilla , Takács Roland , Barna Krisztina Bíróné , Jin Eun‐Jung , Zákány Róza , Matta Csaba
Published: March 2024

Embryonic limb bud‐derived micromass cultures are valuable tools for investigating cartilage development, tissue engineering, and therapeutic strategies for cartilage‐related disorders. This collection of fine‐tuned protocols used in our laboratories outlines step‐by‐step procedures for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of primary mouse limb bud cells into chondrogenic micromass cultures. Key aspects covered in these protocols include synchronized fertilization of mice (Basic Protocol 1), tissue dissection, cell isolation, micromass formation, and culture optimization parameters, such as cell density and medium composition (Basic Protocol 2). We describe techniques for characterizing the chondrogenic differentiation process by histological analysis (Basic Protocol 3). The protocols also address common challenges encountered during the process and provide troubleshooting strategies. This fine‐tuned comprehensive protocol serves as a valuable resource for scientists working in the fields of developmental biology, cartilage tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, offering an updated methodology for the study of efficient chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage tissue regeneration. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synchronized fertilization of mice

Basic Protocol 2: Micromass culture of murine embryonic limb bud‐derived cells

Basic Protocol 3: Qualitative assessment of cartilage matrix production using Alcian blue staining
Recycling of Spent FCC Catalysts: Conversion of Leached Residues to Zeolite ZSM‐5
Authors: Timoshev Vladislav , Haufe Liane A. , Busse Oliver , Hamedi Homa , Seifert Markus , Weigand Jan J.
Published: March 2024

The commercial recycling of spent FCC catalyst typically focuses on recovering only 1–3 % of rare‐earth elements, with the remaining residues often disposed of in landfills. Here, we present a novel method to close a recycling loop for spent FCC catalyst. The method involves a series of leaching steps: Firstly, the spent catalyst material is leached with HNO3 to remove rare‐earth elements such as La; second, solvothermal leaching with HCl removes most of Al and impurities like Fe, Ni and V; finally, a third leaching with H2SO4 removes Ti. The solid residues are then used to synthesize ZSM‐5 without the addition of any extra silicon or aluminum sources after mild activation. The impurities in the synthesis gel strongly modify the properties of the zeolite, with ZSM‐5 crystals containing higher levels of impurities exhibiting lower crystallinities, surface areas, acidities, cracking activities, as well as larger particle sizes.
Social foraging and the associated benefits of group‐living in Cliff Swallows decrease over 40 years
Authors: Brown Charles R. , Brown Mary B. , Hannebaum Stacey L. , Wagnon Gigi S. , Pletcher Olivia M. , Page Catherine E. , West Amy C. , O'Brien Valerie A.
Published: March 2024

Animals that feed socially can sometimes better locate prey, often by transferring information about food that is patchy, dense, and temporally and spatially unpredictable. Information transfer is a potential benefit of living in breeding colonies where unsuccessful foragers can more readily locate successful ones and thereby improve feeding efficiency. Most studies on social foraging have been short term, and how long‐term environmental change affects both foraging strategies and the associated benefits of coloniality is generally unknown. In the colonial Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), we examined how social foraging, information transfer, and feeding ecology changed over a 40‐year period in western Nebraska. Relative to the 1980s, Cliff Swallows in 2016–2022 were more likely to forage solitarily or in smaller groups, spent less time foraging, were more successful as solitaries, fed in more variable locations, and engaged less in information transfer at the colony site. The total mass of insects brought back to nestlings per parental visit declined over the study. The diversity of insect families captured increased over time, and some insect taxa dropped out of the diet, although the three most common insect families remained the same over the decades. Nestling Cliff Swallow body mass at 10 days of age and the number of nestlings surviving per nest declined more sharply with colony size in 2015–2022 than in 1984–1991 at sites where the confounding effects of ectoparasites were removed. Adult body mass during the provisioning of nestlings was lower in more recent years, but the change did not vary with colony size. The reason(s) for the reduction in social foraging and information transfer over time is unclear, but the consequence is that colonial nesting may no longer offer the same fitness advantages for Cliff Swallows as in the 1980s. The results illustrate the flexibility of foraging behavior and dynamic shifts in the potential selective pressures for group living.