bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praying for Kings: The Place of Human Rulers in the Divine Plan of Salvation
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

THE PLACE OF THE CIVIL RULER IN Goo’s PLAN OF SALVATION IS RAISED BY AT least four New Testament texts that are of liturgical interest: 1 Peter 2:11-17, 1 Timothy 2:1-8, Titus 3:1-2, and Revelation 13:1-10. Taken in themselves or in literary context, all four passages also raise broader questions concerning the content of salvation, its extension, and the nature of the church. The civil ruler has to be seen in relation to these other matters, all of which have been of ecumenical concern both historically and in our times. The first three texts envision a benign role for the civil ruler in the larger drama; the fourth text, with perhaps an anticipation in the penumbra of the third, presents an altogether darker picture. That the themes of worship and prayer are present or close to all these four passages concerning civil rule is not surprising if we hold, with the Westminster Catechism, the implicitly political belief that “man’s chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy him for ever.”
Trinitarian Worship
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

IN HIS CONVERSATION WITH THE SAMARITAN WOMAN, JESUS DECLARED, “THE hour is coming and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in Spirit and in Truth, for such the Father seeks to worship him” (Jn 4:23). The hour is coming and now is. Some today would say that that hour has been and gone. Scarcely anyone has a good word for the Father. The Truth as it is in Jesus seems to many to be far too particularistic a basis on which to deal with modem science or other religions. When the Spirit is invoked, it is often to bless opinions and activities that have little to do with the virtues the Paraclete encouraged and enabled in the New Testament. It appears to me that liberal, and perhaps even moderate, Protestant­ ism in North America in particular is in greater danger than ever of losing hold of the doctrine of the Trinity, which has been a touch­ stone of historic Christianity. To say nothing of particular relations with the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Churches, the entire modern ecumenical movement has been built on trinitarian foundations: the basis for membership in the World Council of Churches characteristically declares that the churches “seek to fulfill together their common calling to the glory of the one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit.”
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of June 1921
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Since the last report to the Board the following lynchings have occurred: April 25: Pearl River County, Miss.: An anonymous letter from Picayune, Miss., states that a Negro was lynched on the charge of having assaulted a white girl. April 26: Picayune, Miss: A Negro whose name could not be learned was hanged to a telegraph pole and his body riddled with bullets, after a mob had taken him from the sheriff and justice of the peace. He had been accused of assaulting the wife of a white man near Ozone, Miss. April 29: Bowling Green, Mo.: Roy Hammonds, nineteen years old, awaiting transportation to the penitentiary on a charge of attempted assault on a fourteen-year-old white girl, was seized by a mob which overpowered the sheriff and hanged [him] to a telegraph pole.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of March 1933
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The Wagner Resolution Senator Wagner’s resolution for a Senate investigation of conditions on the Mis sissippi Flood Control project was passed in the Senate on February 22. Mr. Rifkind, secretary to Senator Wagner telephoned the National Office on February 23 that unanimous consent of the Senate is necessary to secure consider imprisonment of the death sentence of Will Sanders, sixteen-year-old Negro youth of York, South Carolina. Literature and information was mailed to three correspondents seeking mate rial for college essays and theses on the Negro; and office interviews were granted to three students seeking information and pamphlets for papers to be submitted to their New York University classes.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of April 1951
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Annual Convention The Forty-second Annual Convention of the Association will be held in Atlanta, Georgia, June 16 through July I. Sessions will be held in the Municipal Auditorium with the exception of the Friday evening and the Sunday mass meetings. The mass meeting on Sunday will be held at Herndon Stadium. Speakers It is hoped to have Mr. Charles E. Wilson speak at the Tuesday mass meeting, along with the Administrator who will give the keynote address. Dr. Benjamin Mays and Senator Irving Ives have been invited to speak on Wednesday evening; the Special Counsel and two youth speakers-one Negro and one white-will speak on Thursday evening; Senator Hubert Humphrey has been asked to speak on Friday evening along with the recipient of the Spingarn Medal. Miss Josephine Baker has canceled certain of her engagements in order to be with us on Saturday evening, June 30. Dr. Ralph Bunche and the Secretary will speak at the Sunday mass meeting.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of June 1951
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Annual Convention The number of delegates to the Forty-second Annual Convention of the N.A.A.C.P. is expected to exceed 1,000. Sessions of the Convention will be held in the Atlantic City Auditorium of the Friday night meeting to be held at the Wheat Street Ba tist Church and the Sun day meeting to be held at Herndon Stadium. At the direction of the Board, the Secretary invited Walter Reuther to address the opening session of the convention on Tuesday evening along with the Administrator who is delivering the keynote address. Mr. Reuther was unable to accept because of previous commitments. The Secretary has written Edward Barrett, Assistant Secretary of State in charge of Public Affairs, inviting him to speak at the opening session. Other speakers scheduled to address the convention are Dr. Benjamin Mays and Philip Willkie on Wednesday, the Special Counsel on Thursday, Dr. Ralph J. Bunche and the Secretary on Sunday. On Friday evening, the Spingarn Medal will be presented to Mrs. Mabel Keaton Staupers by Lillian Smith for “spearheading the successful movement to integrate Negro nurses into the profession and professional societies and into American life as equals.” The July meeting of the Board will, as usual, be held during the Annual Convention. It will be a dinner meeting on Thursday. The place of the meeting has not yet been determined but will be announced at the convention.
Board Meetings of December 1951 and January 1952
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The Leadership conference will be held in Washington, D.C.. on February 17-18. Registration of delegates will be held in [the] Statler Ballroom. Delegates will be required to pay a $3.00 registration fee. Briefing sessions for delegates on the Senate filibuster rule, organization of state delegations and interviews with senators and congressmen will be held from 2 to 5 P.M. Sunday afternoon in the Ballroom. An informal dinner will be held in the Statler at $4.00 per plate on Sunday at 7 P.M. There will be speeches by Senators Lehman, Humphrey, Benton, and the Secretary at 8:15 P.M. in the Ballroom on the civil rights program. On Monday morning, there will be a brief meeting in the Caucus Room of the Capitol prior to meetings with congressmen and senators. Reports on the inter views with congressmen will be given on Monday afternoon at the All Souls Unitarian Church, 16 and Harvard Streets, N.W. The closing meeting will be held in the Church on Monday evening and will be addressed by Walter Reuther of the U.A.W.W.-C.I.O., and A. Philip Randolph of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. A. Powell Davies will preside.
Memorandum from the Secretary Re: The N.A.A.C.P. and The Crisis
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

In 1934 W. E. B. Du Bois shocked Walter White and many NAACP officials when he vowed to make segregation the subject of a year-long discussion in the Crisis. The Association had never really defined segregation with clarity; therefore, there was some ambiguity in its working policy of present conditions but of those to which we aspire. In a world where time and space are being demolished by science it is no longer possible to create or imagine separate racial, national, or other compartments of human thought and endeavor. The Negro must, without yielding, continue the grim struggle for integration and against segregation for his own physical, moral, and spiritual well-being and for that of white America and the world at large.
N.A.A.C.P. Annual Convention Speech
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The struggle against racial segregation and the push for an increased black vote were the issues that dominated the meetings of the 750 delegates from 37 states who attended the convention. The delegates committed the NAACP to an intense drive to end segregation in “all phases of American life.” A panel of experts in the fields of anthropology, economics, psychology, education, housing, and law, under the direction of Special Counsel Thurgood Marshall, explained the characteristics of segregation and how it impacts upon the nation, the community, and the individual. Walter White offered the following address at the closing mass meeting of the convention in 1952. Bishop [Spottswood], members of the Board of Directors, distinguished guests and ladies and gentlemen. It was warm enough when I came in, but after that introduction, virtually entombing me someplace by my friend Bishop Spottswood, makes it much warmer-in fact so warm that I think you will agree with me that people on the platform deserve to be as comfortable in the office-as you in the audience, you who are not burdened with coats. So, with your permission, I’m going to take my coat off and share-invite the people on the platform to do the same thing. It’s just a little better. You may have noticed that I left the platform just as Roy was making that moving appeal. The reason I left was because Senator Humphrey called, and he told me to say hello to you, how happy he was to have been with us in spirit and almost in flesh, to tell you because of the crucial fights in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives now in beating back the attempts of the Dixiecrat Republican coalition to destroy human progress and social legislation that the Senate was in session until well past ten o’clock last night, and the last plane that would have put him here in time for this meeting left Washington last night at five-thirty P.M. daylight savings time. But he was delighted to hear me tell him how attentive you were and how you applauded and then stopped applauding suddenly, lest you miss a single one of his words.
Report of the Secretary for the Board May and June 1964
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

For the first time in history, the Senate on June IO voted to limit debate on a civil rights measure. It voted 71-29, four more than the necessary two-thirds required for cloture, thus ending a seventy-five day filibuster. Beach just a week ago, that our communities have as yet failed to find the solution to widespread teen-age restlessness and hostilities toward society. Everyone of us has a clear responsibility to do what needs to be done to bring into play the massive private and governmental re sources which alone can be effective. It needs also to be said that part of the context in which these Negro delinquents are bred is the deep bitterness and frustration which all Negroes feel at the continued denial of equal opportunity everywhere and at the unpunished beatings and killings of Negroes which continue to feature the civil rights scene in the Deep South. These nation-wide denials of justice do not justify teen-age criminal violence by even this handful of Negroes, and the overwhelmingly law-abiding Negro com munity does not condone it. Rather, they are determined that the frustrations engendered by racial injustices shall be channeled into constructive action to end the injustice.
Report of the Executive Director for the Board Meeting of January-March 1971
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Speaking and Other Engagements On January 3, the Executive Director installed officers of the New York (Harlem) Branch; taped a five-minute statement on Martin Luther King, Jr. for WFAS Radio station on January 5; taped “Black Experience” in St. Louis; attended St. Louis Branch Founders Day Luncheon January 16; presented life membership plaque to Rt. Rev. F. J. Mugavero, Bishop of Brooklyn, at his office in Brooklyn on January 18; addressed session of the National Baptist Convention in Hot Springs, Ark. on January 20; attended annual meeting of Leadership Conference on Civil Rights in Washington, D.C., January 25; met with Secretary Romney of H.U.D. on January 28; and on January 31, spoke at dedication of new building which houses South east Regional Office in Atlanta, Ga. During the month of February the Executive Director spoke for the Roosevelt, Long Island, Public Schools Parents Association on February 2; attended press conference re: jailing of Rev. Jesse Jackson of Operation Breadbasket for A&P boy cott on February 5; main speaker at Lansing, Mich. Branch Freedom Fund Dinner, February 7; spoke at Education Conference at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., under the auspices of N.A.A.C.P. College Chapter and others, on February 13; conferred with Mrs. Vincent Astor and Associates on possible foundation aid to Special Contribution Fund on February 19; and on February 23, conferred with the Carnegie Foundation on same subject. On February 24, with other Negro leaders attended White House meeting with Secretary Romney on revenue-sharing; spoke at meeting of the New Bedford, Mass. Branch on February 28.
Integration Crisis in the South
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

In 1957 when nine black youth attempted to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, at issue was the constitutional power of a state versus the power of the federal government, and equally paramount was the physical safety of the schoolchildren who were involved in this atmosphere of violence. The constitutional authority was resolved when President Dwight Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock on September 24, 1957, to enforce the 1955 Supreme Court decree desegregating schools “with all deliberate speed.” In the face of Eisenhower’s actions, the question remained: Why was there still open hostility and violence by so many whites regarding the High Court’s order? In the following address to the NAACP Fourteenth Annual State Convention, Roy Wilkins talks about the status of the civil rights movement after Little Rock. This address was given on October II, 1957. I am pleased to be able to counsel once again with the delegates to the North Carolina state convention assembled here under President Kelly Alexander and your other fine officers for your fourteenth annual meeting. Much has happened since I spoke to you two years ago at a statewide rally in Raleigh, and although North Carolina has had a period of soul-searching which is not yet ended, the state is struggling toward the right decision.
The Film Industry and the Negro
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Since the early 1940s, the NAACP has taken issue over the fact that blacks were not being portrayed in motion pictures in the manner in which they occupy positions in life. In the following address under the auspices of the Association of Motion Picture Producers Roy Wilkins outlines the NAACP’s policy on black actors in film roles. This speech was given on October 25, 1957. I am grateful for the opportunity to discuss with you face to face, at long last, a matter about which there has been a great deal of misunderstanding. After much telephoning and writing back and forth, beginning, I believe, last March or April, you have been gracious enough to arrange this luncheon meeting. While there has been much talk of an N.A.A.C.P. policy on employment of Negro actors in film roles, and on the type of material involving Negroes and the so-called race question which has found its way into motion pictures, the truth of the matter is that there has never been a clear policy issued by the N.A.A.C.P.
At Youth for Integrated Schools
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

More than 15,000 college students participated in the Second Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C., on April 18, 1959. The march was led by Roy Wilkins, A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King, Jr., Daisy Bates, Jackie Robinson, Harry Belafonte, and others. Its purposes were to world. The cause of democracy must triumph, for there can be no civil rights except within the framework of a democracy society. We wish to express appreciation to the Attorney General’s Office for the role it has played in advancing the cause of civil rights, but urge it to do more. Let us not be dismayed by the long, hard struggle ahead, for we will win if we fight and faint not.
At Conflict ‘66-Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Race and color have permeated American history since its beginning. No state, however, has the right to abridge the constitutional rights of any individual. Indeed, it is the responsibility of the state to protect an individ ual’s constitutional rights. In the aftermath of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Brown decision, many southern states attempted to and in some cases did obstruct the High Court’s ruling to desegregate public education. In the following speech, Roy Wilkins explains why the states’ rights doctrine on the constitutional rights of African Americans has outlived its time. I offer first my thanks for the opportunity given me by your kind invitation to participate in Conflict ‘66. And then I extend my congratulations to the student body of Virginia Polytechnic Institute for its decision to explore an issue which has been a factor, open or concealed, in every move of our country since the first white men landed at Jamestown in 1607 and the first black men arrived there twelve years later. A debate of a kind has been in progress from that time to this very day over the abilities of black people. In the beginning, of course, the sentiment was almost unanimous that they were inherently inferior; indeed, they were thought to be just a cut above animals. Today that opinion exists as a belief, not as an intellectual exercise-in South Africa, officially, and in certain backwaters of the United States.
Toward a Single Society
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The President’s Kerner Commission Report stated in its introduction that “our nation is moving toward two societies, one black. one white-separate.
“Come over into Macedonia and Help Us!”
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The NAACP and the church have been partners since the association’s inception. The NAACP’s church program was established to involve religious groups in the civil rights movement. The church wing of the Association worked with religious groups to register voters, recruit members, support organized marches, provide meeting places, and raise funds. In the following address to the Ninety-third Annual Session of the National Baptist Convention, Roy Wilkins describes some of the pressing challenges before the NAACP and the Association’s need for continued church support. This speech was given on September 7, 1973. I am here at this convention of churchmen in signal of this body, a body well acquainted with struggle and strain and with the healing effect of the spirit and of the faith, for aid at this juncture. My cry is the well-known one of the Bible: “Come over into Macedonia and help us!” We have been partners-the church and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-for the six-and-a-half decades of our life as an organization. Together we have seen the marching ahead, the stalemates, the marking time, the joyous times when the Lord was compassionate and the people were prayerful and righteous. We have muddled together through periods of dark despair, but never gave up, never abandoned the faith that one day it would be all right.
Black History Missing
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

In the following article, Roy Wilkins responds to a study by the Journal of American History that it may be too late to include black history into text books of American schools. He writes here that the distortions, untruths, and myths that have hurt a race for more than 200 years only serve to perpetuate further racial strife. The article was written in August 1975. Just when black Americans are struggling to put black history into the textbooks of the nation comes news that the contest may be too late. History, says a study.
The Most Popular Book in China
Authors: Chin Frank
Published: November 2023

A female and raised a French Catholic, she is, by the terms of her thousand-year-old religion, the meekest of the meek, the mildest of the mild, basking in the grace of God. She is forbidden by French culture to speak of herself except in the third person, and must limit her use of the first-person pronoun “I” to quoting the exact words spoken by card-carrying Judea-Christian white men.
The Unaccommodated Calvin
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

This book attempts to understand Calvin in his 16th-century context, with attention to continuities and discontinuities between his thought and that of his predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. Muller pays particular attention to the interplay between theological and philosophical themes common to Calvin and the medieval doctors, and to developments in rhetoric and method associated with humanism.
Fides and Cognitio in Relation to the Problem of Intellect and Will in the Theology of John Calvin
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

Virtually all of the studies of Calvin’s concept of faith have declared, and rightly so, that Calvin could not conceive of faith apart from knowledge. In his continuous polemic against the scholastic doctrine of fides implicita, Calvin had defined faith as “a certain and from knowledge” or, in the more familiar form given in the Institutes from 1539 on, “a firm and certain knowledge of divine benevolence toward us.” Nonetheless, from the very beginning of his theological career, Calvin had indicated another dimension of faith, trust or “fiducia.”
Connecting Spirituality and the Environment
Authors: Lane Belden C
Published: November 2023

Talk about God cannot easily be separated from discussions of place. A desert-mountain environment (or any landscape, for that matter) plays a central role in constructing human subjectivity, including the way one envisions the holy. The place where we live tells us who we are—how we relate to other people, to the larger world around us, even to God. Meaningful participation in any environment requires our learning certain “gestures of approach” or disciplines of interpretation that make entry possible. All these are matters essential to the analysis of any spirituality.
The Sinai Image in the History of Western Monotheism
Authors: Lane Belden C
Published: November 2023

The austere slopes of Jebel Mussa in the desert of the Upper Sinai Massif have through the centuries exercised the apophatic imagination as much as any other place in the history of Christianity. Jews and Muslims, as well as Christians, have been drawn, metaphorically if not physically, to the mountain where Moses entered into the cloud of darkness to meet a God of incomprehensible light. Whether this particular peak was the actual site of Mount Sinai is incidental to the study at hand. A case can be made for five or six different locations of the mountain that Moses ascended. Of interest here is Sinai as a mountain of the imagination, an evocative image of great power that recurs repeatedly in the Christian apophatic tradition as well as in the folklore of the Abrahamic traditions generally.
Discriminating the Innate Capacity: Salvation Mysticism of Classical Sāmkya-Yoga
Authors: Pflueger Lloyd W
Published: November 2023

I have never had any revelations through anesthetics, but a kind of waking trance-this for lack of a better wordI have frequently had, quite up from boyhood, when I have been all alone. This has come upon me through repeating my own name to myself silently, till all at once, as it were out of the intensity of the consciousness of individuality, individuality itself seemed to dissolve and fade away into boundless being, and this not a confused state but the clearest, the surest of the surest, utterly beyond words-where death was an almost laughable possibility-the loss of personality (if so it were) seeming no extinction, but the only true life. I am ashamed of my feeble description.
Parables of Deconstruction in the Lotus Sūtra
Authors: Corless Roger J
Published: November 2023

ACCORDING TO Mahayana Buddhism, all suffering beings (sattvas) are in fact liberated beings (buddhas). As sattvas, they experience the world as meaningless repetition and circularity (sal’J’lslira); yet they are assured that, in fact, according to Reality as it truly is, the world is open, free, or transparent (silnyatli, “Emptiness”). Butsattvas can make no sense of this assurance because, Mahayana explains, they lack the proper instrument with which to observe, or experience, Reality truly.
Mysticism, Mediation, and Consciousness : The Innate Capacity in John Ruusbroec
Authors: Price James Robertson
Published: November 2023

DURING THE PAST fifty years, philosophers of mysticism have been actively intrigued by the meaning and epistemological status of quotations such as this one by John Ruusbroec, the fourteenth-century mystic from Flanders. An intense and fruitful debate has emerged, one marked by three discernible and on going philosophic moments. By briefly sketching this debate, I will clarify my own entry into the discussion, as well as my focus on one of its vexed issues: the relationship of mysticism, mediation, and consciousness.
The Innate Capacity: Jung and the Mystical Imperative
Authors: Dourley John
Published: November 2023

JUNG’ s UNDERSTANDING OF the nature and dynamic of the psyche is intrinsically religious in that the encompassing process of psychic maturation it seeks to describe has as its foundational telos, or intentionality, a movement toward a state of consciousness that can, and perhaps must, be described as mystical. “Mystical consciousness,” in this context, is taken to mean the conscious experience, admitting various degrees of intensity, of the unification of the many energies of one’s individual humanity, simultaneously informed by the sense of one’s continuity with the totality and marked by the expanded empathy such continuity engenders.
The Swami and the Rorschach: Spiritual Practice, Religious Experience, and Perception
Authors: Jonte-Pace Diane
Published: November 2023

NEARLY A CENTURY after William James initiated the psychological study of mysticism with the publication of The Varieties of Religious Experience, Robert Forman has returned to James’s project by issuing a call for a psychologia perennis. This “perennial psychology” would investigate mystical or nonordinary states of consciousness and the transformative processes that produce them. Whereas James offered a typology of mystical experience structured around the mysticism of the “healthy minded” and the mysticism of the “sick soul,” Forman proposes an inquiry that goes well beyond the work of his predecessor. He raises questions not only about types of mystical experience but also about the influence of innate psychological structure and of culture upon mystical experience.
Innate Mystical Capacities and the Nature of the Self
Authors: Perovich Anthony N
Published: November 2023

“SHUT YOUR EYES, and change to and wake another way of seeing, which everyone has but few use.” Plotinus, understood in the context provided by the spiritually charged atmosphere of Neoplatonism and of his own writings, here endorses the idea that an innate capacity for mystical union is possessed by all of us. (He sounds as well the frequently accompanying note in mystical writers decrying the neglect of this capacity’s development.) It is an idea that was to be repeated by an imposing succession of spiritual authors in the West, and by comparable authors elsewhere. To speak of such an innate capacity is to enter the realm of what might be called “mystical anthropology.”
Post constructivist Approaches to Mysticism
Authors: Franklin R L
Published: November 2023

The classic approach to mysticism emphasizes its unity. It points to striking parallels in the language used by mystics from different cultures who were unknown to each other and concludes that they describe the same experience. Hence, it presents mysticism as involving a state of consciousness found in virtually all religions, recog-nizably the same in each, and acknowledged by those who have eyes to see as the highest goal of the religious quest.
Kung-An Ch’an And The Tsung-Men T’ung-Yao Chi
Authors: Shudo Ishii
Published: November 2023

T’ang dynasty Ch’an and Sung dynasty Ch’an are very different in character. Expressed in doctrinal terms, T’ang Ch’an represents “intrinsic enlightenment” (C. pen-chueh men, J. hongakumon) and Sung Ch’an represents “acquired (or experiential) enlightenment” (C. shih-chueh-men, J. shigakumon). In the case of “acquired enlightenment,” the practitioner cultivates enlightenment after awakening from delusion to the true nature of reality. This form of cultivation, unique to Sung Ch’an, is referred to as k’an-hua Ch’an (J. kanna Zen) or kung-an Ch’an (J. koan Zen). When we ask the question “What is a k6an?” the document commonly referred to for an explanation is the first chuan of the Shan-fang yeh-hua (Night Talks in the Mountain Hut), compiled by a Yuan dynasty representative of the Yang-ch’i branch of the Lin-chi lineage, Chungfeng Ming-pen (1263 1323).
The New Frontier at Home
Authors: Patterson James T
Published: November 2023

Inauguration day, January 20, 1961, was cold and bright, the sun reflecting brilliantly off new-fallen snow in Washington. The glare prevented the aging poet Robert Frost, who was invited to recite at the ceremony, from reading the poem he had composed for the occasion. He gave one instead from memory. But this was the only hitch in a memorable day. Thousands among the throng at the Capitol, and millions among those who watched the event on television, were captivated by the image of a youthful, vigorous, and eloquent Kennedy, who proclaimed his determination to advance American ideals throughout the world. Summoning the idealism and commitment of the American people, he told them: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.... Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.”
Book Two□part 3B: The Central Passover Mystery
Authors: Brodie Thomas L
Published: November 2023

Before the feast of the Passover, Jesus, knowing that his hour had come to depart from this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2 And during supper, when the devil had already put [lit., thrown, hallo] it into the heart [kardia] that Judas, son of Simon the Iscariot, should hand him over, 3knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going to God, 4he rose from the supper, and laid down his garments, and taking a towel girded himself. 5Then he put [lit., threw, hallo] water into a basin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which he was girded.
Part 2 □The Second Year
Authors: Brodie Thomas L
Published: November 2023

The basic plot of Part 2 is relatively simple: beginning at Jerusalem, and with Nicodemus, Jesus goes through the land offering life. The action takes about a year-from one Passover to another (2:23, 6:4)-and it culminates in the contrasting reactions of Peter and Judas (6:66-71). The first part of the plot centers on a geographic movement from Jerusalem to Galilee, particularly on a journey from Judea to Cana, and during that process significant roles are played by four peoples-Nicodemus, John the baptizer, the woman of Samaria, and the Capernaum official whose son was sick (astheneo, “to be weak/sick”) (2:23-chap. 4).
The Raising of Lazarus and Its Consequences
Authors: Brodie Thomas L
Published: November 2023

The crisis of Lazarus’s sickness is all the more dramatic because Jesus’ response to it seems so measured. First he waits for two days, and afterwards he talks to the disciples. Later there are the two meetings-first with Martha, and next with Mary and the Jews. Only then does he call forth Lazarus. Yet the event is far from being anticlimactic. In fact, it is so striking that it leads the Sanhedrin to the most pivotal decision in the gospel-that Jesus must die. It is probably in this story, rather than in any other single NT episode, that one receives a sense of the day-to-day human reality of coping with sickness and death. Here there is no immediate intervention, no painless solution. The deceased is buried. Feelings vary.
The Glorification of Jesus
Authors: Brodie Thomas L
Published: November 2023

John does indeed tell fully of Jesus’ death and resurrection, yet rather than speaking of two distinct processes-dying and rising-he tends, to a significant extent, to portray a single unified process, that of Jesus’ glorification. The conclusion of the trial before Pilate had spoken of the sixth hour (19:14), and, given the association of “the hour” with glorification (cf. esp. 12:23), the implication is that from now on the glorification is under way. The horror of crucifixion may seem to deny this, but insofar as the crucifixion involves a lifting up of Jesus, there is also a sense in which, as 12:23-33 suggests, the crucifixion inaugurates the glorification. Thus,
Fearful Cemetery
Authors: Wood Michael
Published: November 2023

Family plot. The double meaning in the title of Alfred Hitchcock’s last completed film (1976) seems too obvious at first. The conspiracy and the cemetery. The family plot, like the paths of glory, leads but to the family plot. Isn’t this where all paths lead in Hitchcock? And wasn’t the old gentleman a little tired? “I think of Family Plot as a curtain-call,” William Rothman says in The Murderous Gaze,’ “light, assured, intended for pleasure ... a medium’s intimate salute to a medium.” Slavoj Zizek, dividing Hitchcock’s films into five periods, sees “isolated touches of brilliance” in the last group and mentions “the use of parallel narration in Family Plot” but generally regards the late films as “post”-everything, including the postmodernism of the previous period, that of “the big films of the 1950s and early t 960s.” What’s striking here is the critical plot of lateness, the acceptance.
Introduction
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz Abdulhussein
Published: November 2023

In the study of Shi’ite history two doctrines have played an important part in producing a coherent body of political and legal jurisprudence-namely, the justice of God (al-’adl) and the leadership of righteous individuals (al-imiima) to uphold and promulgate the rule of justice and equity. In the highly politicized world of early Islam, numerous ideas and conceptions about God’s purpose on earth and leadership of human society floated freely. The swift conquest of vast territories and the on going process of supervising the conquests and administering the affairs of the conquered peoples demanded not only strong and astute leadership, but also the creation of a system that would provide stability and prosperity. Central to this social, political, and economic activity was the promise of Islamic revelation: the creation of a just and equitable public order embodying the will of God.
The Imamite Jurists, Leaders of the imamiyya
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz Abdulhussein
Published: November 2023

The end of manifest Imamate with the twelfth Imam in the year A.D. 874 marked a new phase in the religious as well as social history of the Twelver Shn: community. The concealment of the last Imam necessitated the assumption of the leadership of the community by the prominent followers of the school, who, in addition, were the repositories of Imamite learning. Thus, there were two factors that decided the question of leadership among the Imamiyya during the occultation: first, “sound belief” (imiin sahih)-that is, upholding the Imamate of the twelve Imamite Imams; and, secondly “sound knowledge” (‘ilm sahih)-that is, the learning acquired from the ah/ al-bayt, the Imams. As seen in the previous chapter, even in the case of the early associates during the lifetime of the Imams, before the occultation both these factors had been held to be determinants of the rijiil in representing the Imams among their adherents.
Introduction To Roman Catholic Perspectives On Sexual Orientation, Human Rights, And Public Policy
Authors: Twiss Sumner B
Published: November 2023

As with the other religious traditions represented in this volume, the Roman Catholic tradition and community incorporate a variety of views on same-sex behavior and relationships. Unlike those other traditions, however, the moral teachings of the Catholic Church hierarchy are presumed to be normative for all Catholics, laypersons and theologians alike. This is not to say that moral theologians do not dissent from the hierarchy’s official teachings, for they do dissent even in the face of possible official censure. In the case of same-sex behavior, the hierarchy promulgates the teaching that although homosexual orientation is not itself morally evil, all such behavior is morally wrong and to be avoided (e.g., by abstinence or celibacy).1 Although this position is defended by many moral theologians, others dissent from it, maintaining that even while heterosexual marriage is normative for all sexual acts and relationships, nonetheless committed same-sex relationships can be seen variously (for example, as morally preferable to other homosexual behavior that is more wrong; or as not morally wrong when considering that the entire relationship is oriented to permanent mutual love; or even as morally good [though still short of the heterosexual ideal]).2 These moral positions are often correlated with public policy positions on, for example, the legal recognition of same-sex domestic partnerships, ranging from strong opposition to such recognition (the official view) to varying degrees of support for legal recognition (dissenting views).
Sexual Orientation And Human Rights: A Roman Catholic View
Authors: Hanigan James P
Published: November 2023

The Roman Catholic community has a long and complex tradition of thought in regard to sexual morality.1 The Bible, the primary narrative and fundamental normative source for the church’s own self-understanding, as well as for its comprehension of the larger society, has considerable material for reflection and appropriation on the subject of human sexual behavior. The church’s saints, its theologians, its pastors and official teachers, as well as its members, have continued over the many years of the church’s life to reflect upon the meaning and value of human sexuality in light of both the community’s ongoing engagement with the biblical witness and new knowledge about the human person and the changing social conditions in which people live out their sexual desires and relationships.
The Christian World’s Reaction From the Communist Manifesto to the Cold War
Authors: Janz Denis R
Published: November 2023

The encounter with Marx changed the face of world Christianity. A century after his death, this was obvious to almost everyone. But the process of acquiring these new features was long, slow, complex, and painful. The story of how this happened in different national contexts is told in subsequent chapters. Here my concern is to introduce this development by sketching the responses of international Christian leaders and thinkers from the mid-nineteenth-century publication of Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto to the mid-twentieth-century onset of the cold war. Of course, nothing more than an outline of this century-long debate can be offered in this chapter.
The United States
Authors: Janz Denis R
Published: November 2023

At first glance, it may seem that no serious encounter between Marxism and Christianity ever took place in America. After all, the United States has been and remains perhaps one of the most deeply “religious” societies in the first world, and Marxism in its political manifestations has never gained a foothold worth speaking about: Marxist parties have always been a pathetically weak if not negligible element in American political life. Nevertheless, Marxism as an ideology and as a political movement has been present in America in one form or another for a century now, and its presence has made a difference for Christianity. The story of the fate of Karl Marx in Christian America is in fact far too large and complex to be told here in all its fullness. What follows, then, is in the nature of an outline, focusing on major trends and decisive moments, and thereby providing orientation for further study.
Cuba
Authors: Janz Denis R
Published: November 2023

For many in the First World, studying the recent history of Cuba can be an unsettling experience. This is no doubt because it presents a challenge to deeply held values and beliefs. For instance, it is a singularly galling fact to many Americans that communist Cuba, at least until 1990, had produced the highest standard of living in Latin America. To make matters worse, this was achieved without American help and was in fact fueled by anti-American rhetoric. No wonder, then, that something that so profoundly contradicted the American self-estimate had to be either ignored or explained away in the popular media. No wonder that one administration after another had to demonize Cuba as a hellhole of repression and human misery. Especially now, in the post-cold war period, Cuba remains as an irritating burr beneath the saddle of First World triumphalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Janz Denis R
Published: November 2023

The collision of worldviews that has been documented in this book may well be the defining event of twentieth-century Christianity. Its ramifications are so broad that it is difficult to think of any Christian whose life has not been touched by it, directly or indirectly. Yet there are some who now say that it is essentially over. Francis Fukuyama, for instance, holds that Western liberal democratic values have decisively triumphed over Marxism. Apart from a few “mopping-up” operations, the encounter with Marxism is a closed chapter in world history.’ Others, such as George Weigel, contend that it was specifically Christian values that led to Marxism’s defeat in “the final revolution.” Marxism now exits the world-historical stage, to be remembered only as an utterly irrelevant relic of one of humanity’s great mistakes. World Christianity has spoken its final, definitive, absolute no to Marxism.
Critical Text and Apparatuses
Authors: Hendel Ronald S
Published: November 2023

The first systematic attempt to construct a textual history of the Hebrew Bible, that of J. G. Eichhorn, states the nature of the task succinctly: A complete history of the Hebrew text would enumerate, with reference to causes and consequences, all the essential and accidental changes, whether for good or evil, which it has undergone in the process of thousands of years and in its passage through men’s hands, from the time of its first composition down to the latest periods. (1888: 114 = German 3d ed., 1803) If a textual history maps “all the essential and accidental changes” through time, then what we require first is a collection and analysis of the secondary readings. In this formulation, textual history is (to oversimplify only slightly) a history of error. Modern methods for constructing textual histories have refined this view but generally affirm the significance of textual error in historical inquiry. In this area, “error” is used as a shorthand for “readings of secondary origin,” including intentional changes as well as accidental (West 1973: 32). One difference between the procedures of textual history (historia textus) and textual criticism per se (critica textus) is that in the former errors are of primary importance and in the latter they are to be removed (see Chiesa 1992a: 264-67).
Complex Identities and Local Rituals
Authors: Huber Toni
Published: November 2023

In this and the final chapter, I will consider the lives of the local populations that were permanently settled around Pure Crystal Mountain during the middle of this century. My primary concern is to outline and discuss ways local lives were influenced by residence at a cult mountain site that was of pan-Tibetan ritual importance, as well as how the residents played a role in the maintenance of the mountain ’s traditions. Here I will begin by analyzing the construction of various local identities and will consider some of the community rituals that were related to both the mountain and the Tsariwa themselves. Certain annual community ceremonies will be shown to form important linkages between the Tantric cult, local mountain worship, and the interests of the state. In chapter 11, I give a short account of Tibetan social organization, human ecology and economy, and administration in the Tsari communities, and investigate the vicissitudes of everyday life relative to the particular status of the area as a sacred sanctuary, its many pilgrim visitors, and its borderland location.
Culture, Nature, and Economy around a Holy Mountain
Authors: Huber Toni
Published: November 2023

The mountain around which the Short Pilgrimage ran was an 18,000 ‘ peak called Takpa Shiri. Its choice as a holy place seemed to me an excellent example of human economy. If it had remained profane, life would have been on a far lower level. Sanctification was the greatest asset it possessed.
Introduction
Authors: Bennion Janet
Published: November 2023

This book is a study of women who convert to the Apostolic United Brethren (the “ Allreds” ),1 a highly rigid, patriarchal Mormon polygynous community in the Intermountain West. The fundamental questions addressed here are (1) Why are women attracted to male-dominated Mormon schism groups? (2) What do they find there once baptized? and (3) Do men and women have different experiences in their progression toward a satisfied, stable life in the group? This description of polygynous lifestyles extends the scant literature on contemporary Mormon fundamentalism (Altman and Ginat 1996; Bennion 1996; Embry 1987; Van Wagoner 1986; Jankowiak and Allen 1995; Logue 1984), particularly on the role and status of women in North American polygynous societies (Bradley 1990; Cannon [now Bennion] 1990, Bennion 1996). It clarifies the process of female conversion and integration by providing a coherent model of strategies women employ to obtain their ultimate goals. Through analysis of gender-marked conversion and integration in the Allred group, this book also provides relevant comparative ethnographic material for studies on the experiences of fundamen talist women cross-culturally and could be a valuable addition to other seminal studies of patriarchy and female status (Brink 1993; Cannon 1990; Friedl 1993; Sered 1994). Most important, this study of female experience in Mormon polygyny provides one case for the assumption that women are seeking alternative forms of family life in response to socioeconomic hardship in the mainstream.