bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islam dan Pancasila Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Arif Syaiful
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Perdebatan antara Islam dan Pancasila mengemuka kembali dalam kancah perpolitikan nasional mutakhir. Artikel ini menganalisis penyebab dan aktor yang memunculkan perdebatan antara Islam dan Pancasila serta respon Nahdlatul Ulama terhadapnya. Dengan analisis kualitatif, studi ini menemukan munculnya tantangan ideologis oleh gerakan Islam trans-nasional yang membenturkan agama dan dasar negara. Pancasila dinilai sebagai ideologi yang sekular karena tidak berasal dari wahyu, sedangkan Islam jelas bersumber dari wahyu. Maka berbagai gerakan seperti Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, Ikhwanul Muslimin hingga Wahabisme menyebarkan propaganda agar umat Muslim menolak Pancasila dan mengidealkan Islam sebagai dasar negara. Perdebatan ini telah jauh hari dijawab oleh Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Melalui Munas Alim Ulama NU tahun 1983, NU menegaskan keselarasan Islam dan Pancasila. Sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dimaknai sebagai cerminan dari tauhid, sehingga meskipun dasar negara ini bukan agama. Tetapi ia merupakan cerminan dari nilai-nilai fundamental agama. Di tengah tantangan ideologis dari trans-nasionalisme Islam ini, pemikiran NU tentang Pancasila menjadi sangat relevan untuk dipahami dan disosialisasikan.
 
Abstract
The debate between Islam and Pancasila has always resurfaced in the recent national politics.  The article analyses the factors and actors that emerge in this debate and how Nahdlatul Ulama responds to it. By qualitative research, this study found the emergence of ideological threats by transnational Islamic movements which trigger a clash between religion and the foundation of the state. Pancasila is considered as a secular ideology because it does not come from the revelation. In fact, Islam clearly comes from a revelation.  Some various movements such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, Ikhwanul Muslimin to Wahabism have actively disseminated their propaganda to reject Pancasila and idealize Islam as the basis of the state. This debate has long been answered by the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Through the NU National Conference of Ulama in 1983 , it emphasized the harmony of Islam and Pancasila. The first principle of Pancasila, Belief in the Almighty God, is interpreted as a reflection of tauhid, even though the basis of this country is not religion.  But it is a reflection of the fundamental values ​​of religions.  In the midst of the ideological challenges of Islamic trans-nationalism, NU's thoughts on Pancasila are very relevant to be understood and socialized.
KETERAMPILAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MURID DI KELAS
Authors: Laana Darwis , Sondopen Dorce
Published: February 2021

Abstract: One of the challenges in the teaching and learning process in the classroom is that students are less enthusiastic. The teacher's expectation during teaching in class is that all students can be enthusiastic and full of interest in learning. But in reality it is not like that, because not all teachers have the ability to solve the problems of students who are less enthusiastic. Therefore, the study of teacher skills in increasing student interest in learning is needed. The purpose of this study is to encourage teachers to add skills in carrying out their duties so that students learn more seriously. The author uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely explaining the terms used in the title of the article based on related sources. The important point of the results in this study is that teachers must have the skills to manage the classroom well. The teacher must master the skills from opening to closing class. The teacher must have skills in asking, explaining, giving reinforcement, and also in making deep variations. These classroom management skills have a big influence on students' attention to learning.Abstrak: Salah satu tantangan dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas ialah murid kurang antusias. Harapan guru selama mengajar di kelas adalah semua murid dapat antusias dan penuh minat belajar yang tinggi. Namun dalam kenyataannya tidak seperti itu, sebab tidak semua guru memiliki kemampuan dalam mengatasi masalah murid yang kurang antusias. Maka itu kajian tentang keterampilan guru dalam meningkatkan minat murid untuk belajar sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan dari kajian ini untuk mendorong guru menambah keterampilan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sehingga murid belajar dengan lebih serius. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menjelaskan istilah-istilah yang digunakan pada judul tulisan berdasarkan sumber yang berkaitan. Poin penting hasil dalam kajian ini adalah guru harus memiliki ketrampilan untuk mengelola kelas dengan baik. Guru harus menguasai keterampilan untuk memulai pembukaan sampai pada menutup kelas. Guru harus memiliki keterampilan dalam bertanya, menjelaskan, memberi penguatan, dan juga dalam membuat variasi dalam. Keterampilan dalam pengelolaan kelas ini berpengaruh besar terhadap perhatian murid untuk belajar.
Pemberitaan Injil di Tengah Masyarakat Pluralis
Authors: Kristian Alvin
Published: February 2021

In the midst of the plurality of the people of this world. Then it cannot be denied that there are differences between one another. That diversity and differences is what is termed pluralism. As well as religion which is an important part of society, even each individual has a plurality phenomenon whose influence in society has a huge impact on the thinking of each individual. The differences between each religion and the truth claims and absolutes of each religion often cause considerable friction in society. In fact, it is not uncommon for many people to judge and make religion a tool of violence. Ditengah-tengah kemajemukkan masyarakat dunia ini. Maka tidak bisa dipungkiri adanya perbedaan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Keragaman dan perbedaan-perbedaan itulah yang disebut dengan istilah pluralisme. Sebagaimana juga agama yang merupakan bagian yang penting dalam masyarakat, bahkan tiap-tiap individu mempunya fenomena pluralitas yang pengaruhnya di dalam masyarakat mempunyai dampak yang sangat besar bagi pemikiran tiap-tiap individu. Perbedaan masing-masing agama dan klaim-klaim kebenaran serta kemutlakan tiap-tiap agama sering menimbulkan gesekan-gesekan yang cukup keras dalam masyarakat. Bahkan tidak jarang banyak orang menilai dan menjadikan agama sebagai alat kekerasan.
TANTANGAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Christi Areyne
Published: February 2021

Early childhood is the period beginning the most important and fundamental throughout the range of growth and development of human life. In early childhood, all children's potential is growing very fast. The facts found by the expert-ahlineurologi, stated that about 50% of the capacity of human intelligence has occurred when the age of 4 years and 80% had occurred when he was 8 years old. Growth functional nerve cells require a variety of educational situations that supports both the educational situation of families, communities and schools. Usia dini merupakan periode awal yang paling penting dan mendasar sepanjang rentang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kehidupan manusia. Pada masa usia dini, semua potensi anak berkembang sangat cepat. Fakta yang ditemukan oleh ahli-ahlineurologi, menyatakan bahwa sekitar 50% kapasitas kecerdasan manusia telah terjadi ketika usia 4 tahun dan 80% telah terjadi ketika berusia 8 tahun. Pertumbuhan fungsional sel-sel syaraf tersebut membutuhkan berbagai situasi pendidikan yang mendukung, baik situasi pendidikan keluarga, masyarakat maupun sekolah.
Kontekstualisasi Metodologi Misiologi Paulus dalam Dunia Kontemporer
Authors: Tampubolon Yohanes Hasiholan
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini akan menjelaskan mengenai kontekstualisasi metodologi dalam misiologi Paulus dalam dunia kontemporer. Metodologi Paulus tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan teologi Paulus. Oleh karena itu, dalam tulisan inipun akan membahas juga mengenai konsep teologis Paulus mengenai pembenaran, keselamatan, rekonsiliasi, dsb. Artikel akan dimulai dengan peristiwa di Damaskus ketika ia berjumpa dengan Kristus. Peristiwa tersebut menjadi awal panggilannya memberitakan Injil kabar baik kepada bangsa-bangsa lain. Memberitakan kabar baik oleh Paulus adalah memberitakan keselamatan dari dosa dan menjadi hidup. Kabar baik  dalam Misi Paulus tidak sebatas memberitakan Injil keselamatan, namun juga menghidupi Injil tersebut dalam keseharian. This article will explain the contextualization of methodology in Paul's missiology in the contemporary world. Paul's methodology can not be separated from Paul's theology. Therefore, this article will also discuss Paul's theological concepts of justification, salvation, reconciliation, etc. The article will begin with events in Damascus when he met Christ. The incident became the beginning of his call to preach the good news to other nations. Preaching the good news by Paul is preaching salvation from sin and come alive. Good news in Paul's mission is not limited to preaching the gospel of salvation, but also living the gospel in daily life.
CINTA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI NILAI KARAKTER RELIGIUS: SUATU PERSPEKTIF BERDASARKAN EFESUS 5:1-21
Authors: Dewi Dwi Indarti Hutami , Sukma Setiya Aji
Published: February 2021

The world of education is increasingly confronted with various challenges that complicate and demand that education increasingly innovate in developing educational products. Research Objectives: What is the meaning of Environmental Care according to the Bible and experts? Does caring about the environment support the effectiveness of learning? What is the perspective of Ephesians 5: 1-21 regarding Environmental Care as an Implementation of Religious Character Values? The research method used is exposition and literature research. The results of the study are: (1) the meaning of caring for the environment is loving the dimensions of the space into which the learning activities take place, caring for the environment is everyone's obligation. This needs to be instilled in students to grow into a generation that can take part in preserving the natural environment and the social environment. (2) environmental care attitude (in family, school, and community) is realized through obedience in realizing environmental preservation efforts. Obedience must be based on love, because by loving, humans will automatically have a sense of caring. The environment as a container for the formation of a person's character. (3) Christ is the only example in terms of love, Christians must understand Christ for themselves, then apply the love of Christ to the environment, so as to create a healthy and loving environment in the world of Indonesian education..AbstrakDunia pendidikan semakin hari semakin dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan yang mempersulit dan menuntut supaya pendidikan semakin berinovasi dalam mengembangkan produk pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian: Apakah makna Cinta Lingkungan menurut Alkitab dan para ahli?  Apakah sikap Cinta lingkungan menunjang efektifitas pembelajaran? Bagaimanakah perspektif Efesus 5:1-21 mengenai Cinta Lingkungan sebagai Implementasi Nilai Karakter Religius? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksposisi dan penelitian literature. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) makna cinta lingkungan adalah mengasihi dimensi ruang yang menjadi tempat melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran, cinta lingkungan adalah kewajiban semua orang. Hal ini perlu ditanamkan kepada peserta didik agar bertumbuh menjadi generasi yang dapat ambil bagian dalam rangka melestarikan lingkungan alam maupun lingkungan pergaulan. (2) sikap cinta lingkungan (dalam keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat) diwujudkan melalui ketaatan dalam mewujudkan upaya pelestarian lingkungan. Ketaatan tersebut haruslah berdasarkan pada kasih, karena dengan mengasihi, manusia akan dengan otomatis memiliki rasa peduli. Lingkungan tersebut sebagai wadah pembentukan karakter seseorang. (3) Kristus adalah satu-satunya teladan dalam hal mengasihi, orang Kristen harus memahami Kristus atas diri masing-masing, lalu menerapkan kasih Kristus kepada lingkungan, agar tercipta lingkungan yang sehat dan penuh kasih di dunia pendidikan Indonesia.
MANUSIA DAN DUNIA: KONSEP KRISTOLOGI DENGAN PERSPEKTIF REFORMED
Authors: Wang Suryowati
Published: February 2021

Humans are special creatures of God with their true nature as guardians of the earth. The purpose of writing to find answers about human meaning, the meaning of the world, and how human relationships and their world? The study uses qualitative methods with a philology approach. The results of the study are: (1) man is not just a creation, he is also a person. Being a person means being able to make decisions, set goals, and move towards those goals. Humans are not robots whose actions are determined by forces outside themselves. To be one person means to be a "creation that has a choice". (2) the world is: First, in the perspective of the Bible is "creation", the whole existence of a place in which humans live with all the good blessings of God. Second, from a perspective outside the Bible, the world is identified with all sources of evil, containing: evil, bad, negative and imperfections. (3) the relationship between humans and the world is that humans must be missionaries in a Christological framework that has the duty to serve in the world as a source of evil. Humans become the "salt" and "light" of Christ fighting the source of evil.            AbstrakManusia adalah makhluk ciptaan Allah yang istimewa dengan hakekat sejatinya sebagai pemelihara bumi. Tujuan penulisan menemukan jawaban tentang makna manusia, makna dunia, dan bagaimanakah hubungan manusia dan dunianya? Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan pendekatan filologi. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) manusia adalah bukan sekedar hanya ciptaan, ia juga satu pribadi. Menjadi suatu pribadi berarti mampu membuat keputusan, menetapkan tujuan, dan bergerak ke arah tujuan-tujuan itu. Manusia bukan robot yang tindakannya ditentukan oleh kekuatan di luar dirinya. Menjadi satu pribadi berarti menjadi “ciptaan yang memiliki pilihan”. (2) dunia adalah: Pertama, dalam perspektif Alkitab adalah  “tata cipta”, seluruh keberadaan tempat yang di dalamnya manusia hidup dengan segala berkat yang baik dari Allah. Kedua, dalam perspektif di luar Alkitab, dunia  adalah diidentikkan segala sumber kejahatan, berisi: hal-hal yang jahat, buruk, negatif dan ketidaksempurnaan. (3) hubungan manusia dan dunia adalah manusia mesti menjadi misioner dalam kerangka pikir Kristologi yang mempunyai tugas untuk melayani di dunia sebagai tempat sumber kejahatan. Manusia menjadi “garam” dan “terang” Kristus memerangi sumber kejahatan..
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DI ANTARA GURU TERHADAP SISWA DALAM KONTEKS MEMECAHKAN KESULITAN BELAJAR
Authors: Tadam Pudun
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Strategic Learning involves Learning Strategies and Teaching Strategies that can help bring success to a student. The research objective answers the question: What is the meaning of a Learning Strategy? What is an Effective Learning Strategy? What are the Learning Strategies among Teachers against Students in the Context of Solving Learning Difficulties? The answer is: Learning strategies are the methods that will be selected and used by a teacher to deliver learning material that aims to make it easier for students to receive and understand learning material, which in the end can be mastered learning objectives at the end of learning activities. Three aspects of effective learning strategies are: (1) Students Need Continuous Strategic Instruction. (2) Teachers Promote Self-Awareness in Metacognition in the Classroom. (3) Teachers Can Recognize and Understand Different Learning Profiles. Learning Strategies between Teachers and Students in the Context of Solving Learning Difficulties are: (1) learning difficulties manifested in classrooms, (2) difficulties demonstrated by students in classrooms, and (3) strategies to help students who have difficulty paying attention in class . Abstrak: Strategic Learning melibatkan Strategi Pembelajaran dan Strategi Pengajaran yang dapat membantu membawa kejayaan kepada seorang mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian menjawab pertanyaan: Apakah pengertian Strategi Pembelajaran? Bagaimanakah Strategi Pembelajaran yang Efektif? Bagaimanakah Strategi Pembelajaran di antara Guru terhadap Siswa dalam Konteks Memecahkan Kesulitan Belajar? Jawabannya adalah: Strategi pembelajaran adalah cara-cara yang akan dipilih dan digunakan oleh seorang pengajar untuk menyampaikan materi pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan peserta didik menerima dan memahami materi pembelajaran, yang pada akhirnya tujuan pembelajaran dapat dikuasainya di akhir kegiatan belajar. Tiga hal strategi pembelajaran yang efektif adalah: (1) Siswa  Memerlukan Instruksi Strategi yang Berkelanjutan. (2) Guru  Mempromosikan Kesadaran Diri dalam Metakognisi di Kelas. (3) Guru-guru Dapat Mengenali dan Memahami Profil Pembelajaran yang Berbeda. Strategi Pembelajaran di antara Guru terhadap Siswa dalam Konteks Memecahkan Kesulitan Belajar adalah: (1) kesulitan belajar dimanifestasi dalam bilik kelas, (2) kesulitan didemonstrasi oleh siswa dalam bilik kelas, dan (3) strategi-strategi untuk membantu siswa yang kesulitan perhatian di kelas.
Lietuvos kariuomenė Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimų išvakarėse ir Rinkimų įstatymo pakeitimas
Authors: Jurevičiūtė Aušra
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje supažindinsime su Lietuvos kariuomene kūrimosi ir kovų su bolševikais ir bermontininkais metu. Daugiausia dėmesio skirsime 1920 m. vasario 22–24 d. Priešvalstybiniam sukilimui, nes jis buvo ypač svarbus dėl balsavimo teisės suteikimo kariams ir besikuriančios kariuomenės įvaizdžiui bei karių motyvacijai. Sukilimo rengėjais buvo įvardijami lenkai, bolševikai ir vokiečiai. Jiems visiems buvo naudinga nestabili padėtis Lietuvoje, kad nebūtų išrinktas Steigiamasis Seimas ir kitos valstybės nepripažintų Lietuvos kaip demokratiškais pagrindais sukurtos valstybės. Analizuojant karinę ir oficialiąją spaudą, atskleidžiamas kariuomenės požiūris į rinkimus ir karių dalyvavimą juose, ypač po maišto. Supažindinama su 15 karių, išrinktų į Steigiamąjį Seimą, trumpomis biografijomis, darbais šiame Seime, įvardijama, kiek buvo karininkų, kareivių, savanorių, Vyties Kryžiaus ordino kavalierių.
Lietuvos Steigiamojo Seimo Seniūnų sueiga: vyresniųjų konvento veiklos gairės
Authors: Akmenytė-Ruzgienė Vilma
Published: February 2021

Lietuvos Steigiamajame Seime be kitų struktūrinių vienetų veikė Seniūnų sueiga, suburta Steigiamojo Seimo Prezidiumo iniciatyva opiausiems Seimo darbo organizavimo klausimams spręsti: Seimo posėdžių organizavimo, Seimo statuto, Seimo narių darbo sąlygų, teikti siūlymus Seimui dėl Seimo komisijų veiklos ir kt. Seniūnų sueigą sudarė visų frakcijų atstovai, ryškūs, skirtingos visuomeninės ir politinės patirties, skirtingo išsilavinimo, skirtingų profesijų.
Investigation and Management of COVID-19
Authors: Momic Jovana , Di Gravio Eric , Manokaran Thulasie , Sharan Ruchi , Shah Meera
Published: February 2021

In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia of unknown etiology arose in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Eventually isolated and named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), this virus has caused a global pandemic of the pneumonia-like Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). With global infection rates and deaths mounting, the medical community has been forced to recognize, test, and treat these patients within a rapidly evolving situation and a shortage of resources. In this article, we summarize the most recent data pertaining to the clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, imaging, and management strategies for COVID-19. This article concludes with a discussion of ongoing efforts to develop critically needed therapeutics and vaccines, which may subsequently shape our responses to future pandemics.
Vedolizumab does not increase perioperative surgical complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, cohort study
Authors: Poylin Vitaliy Y. , Serrato Jose Cataneo , Pastrana Del Valle Jonathan , Feuerstein Joseph D.
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims: Biologics are increasingly used to manage ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). However, even with earlier usage of biologic therapy, a significant proportion of patients will require surgery. Vedolizumab is an anti-integrin antibody that is increasingly used given that it is more gut selective and associated with fewer side effects. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of vedolizumab compared to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy on the perioperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: Retrospective review of patients treated for IBD at a tertiary care center between 2013 and 2017. Rates of 30- and 90-day complications for patients on vedolizumab were compared to patients on anti-TNF regimens.Results: One hundred and ninety-nine patients met inclusion criteria with 87 (43%) patients undergoing surgery for CD, 111 (55.8%) for UC and 1 (0.5%) for indeterminate colitis. Thirty-eight patients received preoperative vedolizumab and 94 received anti-TNF. There were more males and lower body mass index in the anti-TNF group. There was no significant difference in overall rate of complications at 30 or 90 days. There was a trend for lower leak rate vedolizumab group (0% for vedolizumab vs. 2.1% for anti-TNF at 30 days, P= 1.00; 0% for vedolizumab vs. 1.1% for anti-TNF at 90 days, P= 1.00). Multivariate analysis showed low albumin ( < 3.6 g/dL) at the time of surgery to be a significant risk factor for overall and infectious complications at 90 days (odds ratio, 3.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–8.79; P= 0.021).Conclusions: Perioperative vedolizumab does not increase rates of perioperative complications in IBD surgery when compared to anti-TNF medications.
A degradação ambiental na Amazônia brasileira e os desafios para a inclusão do crime de ecocídio no Estatuto de Roma
Authors: Thomé Ana Carolina Robles , Nunes Nei Antonio , Thomé Ricardo Lemos
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo busca elucidar quais são os desafios para a ampliação da competência do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) de forma a incluir o ecocídio como o quinto crime previsto no Estatuto de Roma. O texto irá relatar fatos singulares (o ecocídio na Floresta Amazônica) para refletir sobre a necessidade da inclusão de crimes ambientais sob a jurisdição do TPI. Dessa forma, o método de abordagem utilizado será o indutivo, utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Para que tal inclusão ocorra, ela seria limitada aos requisitos de intenção existentes do Estatuto de Roma, ou seja, a exigência do dolo do autor do crime. Por consequência, esse requisito poderia afastar muitos julgamentos que o crime de ecocídio pretende litigar. Ademais, o TPI não tem jurisdição para processar Estados ou pessoas jurídicas, apenas indivíduos. Esse fato dificulta o estabelecimento do nexo de causalidade entre a atividade humana causadora do dano e o próprio dano para efeito de responsabilização penal.
The Impact of Rhetorical Argumentation on Achieving the Mastery of Fluency and Accuracy in Communicative Competence: A Case Study of 2 nd Year Students at the University Des Frères Mentouri, Constantine
Authors: Bouderbane Abderrahim
Published: February 2021

The present study is a comparison between the impact of rhetorical argumentation and narrating stories on students’ fluency and accuracy in communicative competence. We aimed at evaluating the usefulness and suitability of these tasks, and their efficiency when it comes to teaching fluency and accuracy by analysing the direct effects of the tasks on the indices of fluency and accuracy. The problematic issue in this research investigates the effects of the task rhetorical argumentation, and whether it is an important task that teachers should rely on it in teaching speaking in academic contexts. The sample is composed of 65 students which are divided in between 30 students in the control group and 35 students in experimental group. The data was collected by a test which was used to evaluate three main areas which are: classroom interaction, topic knowledge and language knowledge. The results of the experiment show that there are two types of fluency which are procedural and automatic. Rhetorical argumentation can be used to develop procedural fluency, and not automatic since the task is considered as difficult and students were not familiar with it.
Assessment of the correctness of identification and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in microbiological laboratories in Poland
Authors: Młodzińska Ewa , Hryniewicz Waleria
Published: February 2021

The increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is one of the most serious medical problems, therefore reliable identification in microbiological laboratories is important. The Polish National External Quality Assessment Scheme in Microbiological Diagnostics – POLMICRO programme is organized by the Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology (CQCM) enables the assessment of the competence of Polish microbiological laboratories in the field of identification, determination of susceptibility and detection of drug resistance mechanisms. This work presents the assessment of the results of identification and determination of S. pneumoniae antimicrobial susceptibility obtained by Polish laboratories during the 20 years of experience of the POLMICRO programme.
Digital design of a railway traffic control system: purpose and scope of digitization
Authors: Wontorski Paweł
Published: February 2021

The article presents the issue of digitization of the design of railway traffic control systems. Digital design is a key element of digital modeling of railway infrastructure and the future in terms of documenting railway traffic control systems at all stages of its life cycle: concept, design, installation, testing and operation. The digital project is one of the pillars of the concept of the digital twin of the railway system. The need to digitize design results from technological and organizational changes taking place in the railway system. The goal of these changes is to replace traditional methods and techniques for creating a design with modern methods such as BIM. In this sense, the project cannot be further identified with the documentation, but it is a much broader concept that includes a set of data describing the railway traffic control system. The project includes both the mapping of the system - the model, as well as a description of how to implement this model. In order to achieve the main goal of digitization, this process should be carried out in many ways, so that it simultaneously covers the following aspects: (1) design (model), i.e. the subject of design, (2) design system, (3) design process, (4) system environment design system, (5) information exchange between the design system and the environment. The concept of digitization presented in the article requires the full involvement of design offices, infrastructure managers, scientific and research units and due to the extent of the issue it will be a long-term process, but due to the anticipated benefits - inevitable.
Imediaticidade Pragmática e Uso do Presente do Indicativo em Manchetes e Subtítulos Jornalísticos
Authors: Soares Caroline , Ferrari Lilian
Published: February 2021

Este artigo examina o uso do Presente do Indicativo em manchetes e subtítulos de jornais online em português, sob a perspectiva da Gramática Cognitiva. A análise tem o objetivo de investigar os mecanismos cognitivos e pragmáticos associados ao uso do Presente do Indicativo para referência a eventos passados, contrastando-o com usos do Passado no mesmo contexto. A investigação parte da noção de imediaticidade epistêmica, referente ao presente simples em inglês (LANGACKER, 2001, 2009), expandindo-a para propor a noção de imediaticidade pragmática, relacionada à realização do ato de fala de noticiar. Os resultados indicam que o uso do Presente do Indicativo predomina nas manchetes, e que a combinação temporal mais frequente é MANCHETE (Presente do Indicativo) – SUBTÍTULO (Pretérito).
Os verbos de estado no português brasileiro: propriedades semânticas e classificação
Authors: Oliveira Kely Stefani de , Amaral Luana Lopes
Published: February 2021

Tradicionalmente, na literatura linguística, os verbos de estado possuem análises controversas. Por um lado, há autores que analisam esses verbos como elementos semânticos primitivos e como uma classe uniforme de verbos. Por outro, há autores que identificam uma composicionalidade nesses itens, considerando que eles se distribuem por diferentes classes verbais. Neste artigo, tomamos como objeto de estudo os verbos de estado do português brasileiro, com o objetivo de mostrar que esses verbos, em nossa língua objeto, seguem o segundo padrão de análise explicitado: são itens composicionais e decomponíveis e não possuem comportamento uniforme, se distribuindo por diferentes classes. Para tanto, analisamos 36 verbos de estado do português brasileiro, à luz do quadro teórico-metodológico da Semântica Lexical.
Tempo, aspecto, modo e modalidade
Authors: Martins Adriana Leitão , Hermont Arabie Bezri
Published: February 2021

Sem resumo
Bénédicte Houart: variações em torno da mulher e do feminino
Authors: Pequeno Tatiana
Published: February 2021

O presente texto tenciona apresentar a poesia de Bénedicte Houart, que escolheu a língua portuguesa para construir seu trabalho com a linguagem, a partir de uma perspectiva dos estudos feministas e dos estudos de gênero, naquilo com que ambos se familiarizam. Ora se utilizando de procedimentos importantes de ironia, ora operando num contexto de dessacralização do dizer poético, a poeta atravessará em sua obra, como algumas escritoras de sua geração, um caminho que avalia as demandas da mulher e do feminino nos anos iniciais do século XXI sem estereótipos ou mecanismos cristalizados de vocalização poética. Para tanto, pretendemos ler alguns poemas selecionados de sua obra e verificar em que medida tanto as questões de gênero quanto as de sexualidade aí comparecem, conectando-a e muitas vezes confrontando-a a um legado de escritoras importantes tais como Florbela Espanca e Adília Lopes.
Metáforas da navegação na lírica brasileira contemporânea de autoria feminina
Authors: Quevedo Rafael
Published: February 2021

Propõe-se uma reflexão acerca do emprego de uma metáfora pertencente ao patrimônio da poesia ocidental, a metáfora náutica, na obra das poetas brasileiras contemporâneas Ana Cristina César (1979), Orides Fontela (1983), Neide Archanjo (1984), Hilda Hilst (1989) e Maria Lúcia dal Farra (2011). Para esse objetivo, discute-se o arcabouço simbólico do tema náutico e da metáfora marinha, verificam-se casos exemplares de seu emprego colhidos da tradição e, por fim, parte-se para a análise do corpus tentando averiguar possíveis deslocamentos, variações e marcas que sirvam como indício de uma reconfiguração feminina da metáfora poética da viagem marítima.
Maria Tereza: um corposolo em Ruídos e Negrices
Authors: Jesus Fabiana Oliveira de
Published: February 2021

Este texto tem o propósito de apresentar a trajetória da poetisa paulistana Maria Tereza, escritora de três livros: Ruídos, Negrices em Flor e Vermelho. Nesta apresentação, damos foco à representação do corpo negro feminino exposto nos versos e à multiartista, que insere, na escrita, sua leitura do mundo feita por seus olhos negros. Escrita esta que elege seus precursores, mostrando suas leituras de mulheres pretas e contando, através de seus versos, sua escrevivência. Revelando, assim, sua ancestralidade e dando voz, através da sua poesia, às mulheres negras que vieram antes para abrir espaço para as que a vieram depois. Sua escrita, por fim, é personificação de seu corposolo.
Em um corpo para Stela do Patrocínio, o "eu era gases puro"
Authors: Madeiros Eider , Schuler Letícia Simões Velloso , Rodrigues Hermano de França
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho busca realizar uma leitura em torno de um dos poemas da poeta carioca Stela do Patrocínio, presente na obra Reino dos bichos e dos animais é o meu nome (2001). A obra, por sua vez, se configura enquanto uma antologia elaborada a partir de uma transposição das falas da autora, quando esta vivia em uma instituição manicomial. O “falatório” de Stela nos permite tentar compreender, a partir da articulação com a psicanálise, o funcionamento e estruturação do inconsciente de um sujeito psicótico, além de tecer considerações acerca do corpo psíquico e somático, e da relação entre o conceito da foraclusão junto à linguagem. Nesse sentido, nos basearemos, predominantemente, nos ensinos do psicanalista Jacques Lacan.
O envelhecimento dos corpos e a questão dos gêneros: um estudo comparado de “A égua”, de Marcela Serrano, e “As tardes de um viúvo aposentado”, de Teolinda Gersão
Authors: Teixeira Frederico Dias Rosa Alves , Fontes Flávia Maurício da Rocha , Campello Priscila Campolina de Sá
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo discute o envelhecimento dos corpos femininos e masculinos por meio dos contos “A égua”, de Marcela Serrano, e “As tardes de um viúvo aposentado”, de Teolinda Gersão. Debate-se sobre as diferentes implicações sociais desse envelhecimento em ambos os sexos, considerando-se o corpo como uma produção sócio-histórica, a fim de mostrar como o patriarcado influencia tanto sua forma quanto seu comportamento. Assim, a partir da construção discursiva e narrativa dos textos, busca-se mostrar como o corpo configura-se como o eixo sob o qual se constrói e se problematiza a divisão entre os papéis sociais do feminino e do masculino.
Poetas sem qualidades: o irônico projeto antológico de Manuel de Freitas
Authors: Telésforo Osório Julia
Published: February 2021

a antologia Poetas sem qualidades consiste no primeiro título do catálogo da editora lisboeta Averno. Em seu paratexto prefacial, intitulado “O tempo dos puetas”, fundamenta-se a política comercial desse selo, que consiste em não encaminhar, mercadologicamente, reedições dos livros já publicados que apresentam a poesia de autores contemporâneos pouco reconhecidos criticamente. Neste artigo, discuto o referido posicionamento editorial, reconhecendo a seleta que o registra como objeto irônico, uma vez que critica posicionamentos literários de viés institucional ao formular uma atitude de resistência caracterizada pela sua base argumentativa construída por meio de uma dicção acadêmica. Também apresento uma reflexão acerca da recepção crítica destinada à antologia em textos pertencentes a dois periódicos, aqui representada por um texto de Gastão Cruz componente do número 12 da revista portuguesa Relâmpago (2003) e também por um artigo de autoria do poeta Nuno Júdice publicado em 2009 pela revista brasileira Via Atlântica.
Collections in Atonement, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, Bring up the bodies, and Cloud Atlas: A prelude
Authors: Sá Luiz Fernando Ferreira
Published: February 2021

I will read the fascination with collectors and collecting in Ian McEwan’s Atonement (2001), Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985), Hilary Mantel’s Bring up the Bodies (2012), and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas (2004) regarding at least two theoretical questions. Can collected things and objects ever assist in the imagination of more satisfying social roles and identities? Can collecting material traces lead to an accurate or truthful depiction of the past-present-future life writing? Those novels represent one of the most popular and critically acclaimed examples of the widespread interest in collecting apparent in contemporary British fiction.
Nobel
Authors: Santos Darlan Roberto dos
Published: February 2021

Resenha da obra Nobel, de Jacques Fux, lançada em 2018. Neste romance, o mineiro Jacques Fux realiza um ato de autoficção, discursando, ao ser laureado com um Nobel de Literatura.
Um poema ecfrástico - análise de "Três mulheres e um céu de Delft", de Daniel Jonas
Authors: Oliveira Silvana Maria Pessôa de
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho intenta-se fazer uma leitura do poema "Três mulheres e um céu de Delft', que integra o livro Os fantasmas inquilinos, publicado por Daniel Jonas, poeta português, em 2005. Para tanto, utiliza-se como principal operador conceitual a écfrase, que na Modernidade é vista menos na sua dimensão de recurso retórico do que como princípio poético destinado a estabelecer produtivas e complexas articulações entre as artes literárias e as artes plásticas.Três longas passagens do poema são especialmente recortadas para que se analise, nelas, a presença da obra de três expressivos ícones da história da pintura no Ocidente: o renascentista Nicholas Possin, o romântico Dante Gabriel Rossetii e o holandês Johannes Vermeer.
A forma atravessada na garganta: os metasonetos de Daniel Jonas e Paulo Henriques Britto
Authors: Menezes Roberto Bezerra de
Published: February 2021

O surgimento do soneto como forma literária remonta ao século XIII, período em que, ao sul da Itália, nomeadamente a região da Sicília, era larga a influência da lírica de origem provençal. De apelo matemático, a invenção do soneto é atribuída a Giacomo da Lentini, chefe da escola siciliana do Sacro Imperador Romano Frederico II. O presente texto tem como objetivo principal a justaposição de duas poéticas, a do português Daniel Jonas e a do brasileiro Paulo Henriques Britto, de modo a fazer ressaltar as distinções no tratamento metapoético dispensado ao soneto e a outras formas que dele derivam.
Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Consumption in Some Vegetables, Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Dabbagh Moghadam Arasb , Shahmoradi Ahmad
Published: February 2021

: Heavy metals (HM) can enter the human body via food chains or contaminate groundwater resources. The current study aimed to investigate HM contamination in vegetables and its associated health index risk (HIR) in Isfahan, Iran. The lowest amount of HM was observed for Cd and Pb in all vegetables. The highest level of Cadmium content was found in potato (1.15 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM)) and spinach (1.18 mg kg-1 DM). The highest levels of As and Cu were observed in lettuce, while the lowest content of Cu was in the carrot. Moreover, the highest content of N (344 mg kg-1 DM) was obtained in spinach. The As and P were higher than standard amounts, and HIR was higher than 1 for these two elements. Heavy metal's HIR through ingestion vegetables were a great concern, and there has been particularly increased attention to As. A great understanding of the ecological effects of HM on soils and vegetables is needed to develop management options.
Comparison of the Beta-Band Intermuscular Pool Coherence Between Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Ghazi Salah , Hadian Rasanani Mohammad Reza , Shadmehr Azadeh , Talebian Saeed , Olyaei Gholam Reza , Hajouj Elie
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The current study aimed to compare between the chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) and healthy subjects during four phases of the trunk flexion-extension task (standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension phases) by using pool coherence as well as pairwise coherence of Beta band Intermuscular coherence (Bb-IMC) and flexion relaxation phenomena. Methods: Twenty-four men with CNSLBP and 20 healthy men voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed three tests of Flexion-extension task (F-ET) while the surface electromyography (sEMGs) were recorded from the right erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region “1”, left erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region “2”, right gluteus maximus muscle”3”, left gluteus maximus muscle”4”, right hamstring muscle”5” and left hamstring muscle”6”. Accordingly, group A contains muscles 1, 4, and 6 and group B consists of muscles 2, 3, and 5. The pool coherence (PC) and the pairwise coherence (PWC) for all the above-mentioned muscles were calculated using Beta-band intermuscular coherence analysis. Thereafter, the mean pool coherence (mPC) was considered for group A and group B for four phases of F-ET in three groups as following: CNSLBP patients group, healthy subjects group and the third group included all subjects that participated in this study, whether patients or healthy and it was called the general group. Moreover, the mean pairwise coherence (mPWC) among each pair of group A and B muscles was calculated for four phases of F-ET using Bb-IMC in CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Results: These results indicated a high value of A mPC in the general group and healthy subjects in the flexion phase, whereas the same A mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in all phases of F-ET. On the other hand, while B mPC was high in the general group and healthy subjects in the extension phase; it was high in all phases of F-ET in CNSLBP patients; B mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in extension, standing, and flexion phases. A mPWC and B mPWC were not significantly different between CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects in all phases of F-ET. However, only A mPWC “1 - 4” and the A mPWC “4 - 6” were significantly smaller in CNSLBP patients compared to the healthy subjects in the relaxation and flexion phases, respectively. Hence, we suggest pool coherence of Bb-IMC, not pairwise coherence of Bb-IMC, to compare CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Conclusions: According to the present findings, we suggest using the pool coherence of Bb-IMC in the clinical examination for CNSLBP patients and studying the probable cortical effects and the effectiveness of various treatments on corticospinal tract function in CNSLBP.
Effects of Acute Taekwondo Exercise on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Malondialdehyde Concentration in Adolescent Female Taekwondokas
Authors: Mansoori-Ajol Atie , TaheriChadorneshin Hossein , Nokhodchi Nader , Abtahi-Eivary Seyed-Hosein
Published: February 2021

Background: Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress. There are no studies examining changes in this variable as a result of an intense acute taekwondo (TKD) exercise. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of one bout of intense TKD exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adolescent female taekwondokas. Methods: Ten adolescent female taekwondokas (age: 13.71 ± 2.05 years; body mass index: 19.75 ± 2.83 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in the present study. They performed one bout of intense TKD protocol. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Then, SOD, GPx, CAT, TAC, and MDA were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results revealed that CAT activity (P = 0.043) and serum TAC level (P = 0.039) significantly increased after TKD exercise. However, no significant change was found in SOD (P = 0.414), GPx activity (P = 0.196), and MDA levels (P = 0.377) immediately after exercise. Conclusions: Collectively, lipid peroxidation did not occur after one bout of intense TKD exercise in adolescent girls, which may be due to increased TAC levels and the activity of the CAT enzyme.
Designed Environments, Mimesis and Likeness: Exploring Human-Material Ecologies
Authors: Khanwalkar Seema ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: February 2021

This paper attempts to understand the trajectories of  “designed artifacts”, built or produced in the post war periods and its implications for the human body, material, ecology, and mimesis. Has Architecture gradually distanced itself from the body as an authoritative figure in its practice? Is it being seen more and more as an autonomous art, away from the complex web of social and political concerns? There seems to be a rationale to focus on the thinking and considerations that inform the production of architecture because it depends on the realm of conceptual philosophy; and both inhabit each other. The paper tries to address the association of humans with their artifactual environments. My interest stems from a long association of teaching in a college of architecture and design, and attempts to raise questions with regard to meaning and materiality. This paper also, in some sense, unlocks an environmental perspective on the relationship of the human body with the design that gives them shelter, affords actions, affords movement, and affords life in itself. Different patterns of the built environment afford different behaviors and aesthetic experiences. The perceptions of the environment thus limit or extend the behavioral and aesthetic choices of an individual depending on how the environment is configured, likened, imitated, or creatively reinterpreted. This article traverses, domesticity, tactile inhabitation, landscape, mythical realms of Indian architecture to the Postmodern architecture of “weak form”.
EL LUGAR DE LA PALABRA: EL ESTILO FILOSÓFICO DE ORTEGA ENTRE MEDITACIÓN Y ENSAYO
Authors: Cacciatore Giuseppe
Published: February 2021

Se trata de un intento de exponer el significado que la “meditación” tiene en Ortega. Para ello se parte del sentido de la palabra, no sólo en su primer libro Meditaciones del Quijote, sino a lo largo de su obra, pues la meditación como estilo filosófico recorre toda la obra de Ortega, lo que se ve ya en las veces en que encabeza trabajos orteguiano. Por otro lado, en la meditación nos cruzamos con temas nucleares de la filosofía de Ortega, tales como la relación de la teoría con la praxis; la relación hombre/animal; incluso el posicionamiento de Ortega en el campo de la historia de la filosofía al hacer depender la teoría de la circunstancia y acción. Al final se explora en qué medida esa meditación se expresa en el estilo del ensayo.The author starts from the sense of the word “meditation” not only in Ortega’s first book Meditations on Quixote, but throughout his work, for meditation as philosophical style runs throughout Ortega’s work along his life, what already can be seen in the times Ortega headed his texts by this word. Furthermore, in meditation we encounter nuclear issues of Ortega’s philosophy, such as the relationships of theory and praxis and human being and animal; Ortega’s positioning even in the field of history of philosophy by making the theory depending on the circumstances and action. In the end it explores the extent that meditation is expressed in the style of the essays.
DERIVAS DEL “CASO SCHNEIDER”: ESPACIALIDAD, MOVIMIENTO Y REDUCCIÓN FENOMENOLÓGICA EN MERLEAU-PONTY
Authors: Inverso Hernán
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el tratamiento del “caso Schneider” que MerleauPonty lleva adelante a partir de los análisis neuropsiquiátricos de K. Goldstein. Esto se conecta directamente con el problema del status que adquiere el discurso científico en un modelo que adopta como marco la fenomenología. Mostraremos que este recurso, lejos de implicar un alejamiento de este modelo teórico, constituye un caso de reducción a la experiencia de sujetos cuyo “arco intencional” se presenta distendido y están, por ello, en condiciones de ofrecer datos equiparables a los que se obtienen al amparo de la reducción fenomenológica.This paper addresses the treatment of the Schneider’s case that Merleau-Ponty accomplished from the neuropsychiatric analysis of K. Goldstein. This issue is directly connected with the problema of the status of scientific discourse into a model that adopts a phenomenological framework. It will be shown that this resource, far from implying a departure from this theoretical model, is a case of reduction to the experience of subjects whose “intentional arch” appears relaxed and are therefore able to provide data comparable to those obtained under phenomenological reduction.
PRÓLOGO
Authors: Zirión Quijano Antonio
Published: February 2021

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COMENTARIO AL “PRÓLOGO” DE ANTONIO ZIRIÓN
Authors: San Martín Javier
Published: February 2021

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MAURO CARBONE. "UNA DEFORMACIÓN SIN PRECEDENTES. MARCEL PROUST Y LAS IDEAS SENSIBLES". BARCELONA, ANTHROPOS, 2015, 220 PP.
Authors: Aguilera Sergio
Published: February 2021

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