bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical evaluation of the middle Magdalena basin, Colombia
Authors: Ramón J. C. , Dzou L. , Giraldo B.
Published: June 2024

The chemical composition of 25 crude oils from Tertiary reservoirs and 12 rock extracts from five organic-rich Cretaceous formations in the Middle Magdalena Basin, Colombia were studied in detail by geochemical methods in order to understand their genetic relationships. The oils have been geochemically classified into four main groups based on the sulfur content, pristane/phytane, dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene, concentrations of oleanane and terpane distributions. Each group occur in different geographic locations. Oils were mainly derived from calcareous, siliciclastic and mixture of these two fades of the Upper Cretaceous La Luna Formation. Source-oil correlation is supported bysterane and terpane distributions of and carbon isotope ratios. Some oils in the eastern margin contain relatively higher concentrations of higher plant indicators than the remaining oil samples. The molecular compositions of the oils observed in this study appear to be consistent with the inferred depositional sequence of anoxic marine/pelagic carbonate fades in the north/western sector of the Middle Magdalena, while the eastern sector received a higher proportion of clastic input. This documentation supports the interpretation that the Middle Magdalena oils have been generated "locally", as opposed to have migrated from the region of the Eastern Cordillera. Biomarker maturity parameters indicate that the majority of oils were generated in the early thermal maturity oil window except the Colorado-38 oil which was generated in the middle thermal maturity oil window. Oil maturity data also supports the short migration distances of oils from the early-mature source rocks to the reservoir rocks. The composition of some oils (e.g., La Cira, Infantas, Conde and Bonanza) is unusual in that gas chromatographic data contains an n-alkane and isoprenoid distribution normally associated with moderately degraded oils, but they also contain a relatively high abundance of gasoline hydrocarbons. This particular gas chromatographic pattern may be explained by the addition of migrant gas/ condensate to the "in situ" biodegraded oils. Secondary condensates may also have charged the less biodegraded oils (e.g., Cantagallo-23 and Casabe-471), which could explain the "V" pattern of the n-alkane distribution. This phenomena is observed in productive basins in other parts of the world. The range of oil gravities measured in the Middle Magdalena Basin is attributed to organic fades variations, different levels of biodegradation and late charge of condensate rather than to thermal maturity and migration-related effects.
Thermal and organic matter modeling in the fault bend fold and fault propagation fold structural models
Authors: Sarmiento R. L. F. , Piedrahita C. C. , Montaña R. C. A.
Published: June 2024

In Colombia the areas of greatest petroleum exploration interest are characterized by complex structure with folds and thrust faults where it is important to estimate the thermal effects of faults to evaluate organic matter maturity and hydrocarbon generation processes. Except for a software model recently developed by the French Petroleum Institute (Francois Roure personal communication), current and public domain one dimension models do not consider lateral or downward heat flow, which are of normal occurrence in these areas, in addition such models assume instantaneous fault movement contrary to geologic observations. For balanced cross sections with (1) fault bend folds and (2) fault propagation folds we model heat conduction from the basement and organic matter maturity; outputs of the model are temperature and organic matter maturity at each point of the sections at different times while deformation is occurring. Boundary conditions are: absence of lateral heat flow on the lateral border of the sections, constant heat flow at the bottom of the sections, and constant temperature at the surface of the earth. The heat conduction equation applied to the sections was solved by the finite element numerical method with the ANSYS software. The obtained results for different deformation rates are shown and analyzed. Results show lateral variations of temperature and organic matter maturity. Contrary to one dimensional models, the steady state in two dimensions is reached faster, it is cooler and the temperature inversion is shorter. The less deformation rate the less thermal anomaly. At the topographic peaks temperature and maturity are lower than in the valleys. The fault propagation section presents a depth maturity inversion more pronounced than in the fault bend fold model. Depth maturity inversion intensity depends on the ratio between the deformation time Td and the time passed just after deformation ceased Tp: Td /Tp. If this ratio is greater the depth maturity inversion will be greater. This paper shows the possibility to determine the organic matter distribution in a structural section with a known thermal and deformation history.
Knowledge Capture in Agile Organizations: Methods and Strategies for Enhancing Effective and Efficient Process
Authors: Pratiwi Maharani Eka , Ramadhan Yudistira , Sensuse Dana Indra , Lusa Sofian , Safitri Nadya , Elisabeth Damayanti
Published: June 2024

The competitive landscape of modern organizations relies on efficient knowledge utilization and management, underscoring the crucial role of knowledge capture in effective Knowledge Management (KM). This study explores the relationship between knowledge capture, organizational agility, and employee proficiency within KM, pinpointing critical gaps in understanding the optimal utilization of knowledge capture methods within agile-based setups. By addressing these gaps, the study aims to identify effective knowledge capture methods and propose strategies for their seamless integration into agile organizations. The research investigates five hypotheses, affirming the positive impacts of expert interviews, focus groups, interviews, surveys, and questionnaires on the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge capture processes in agile contexts. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study evaluates qualitative and quantitative data derived from interviews and questionnaires. The results highlight the importance of various knowledge capture methods in augmenting the efficiency and efficacy of the knowledge capture process. Additionally, the study outlines implementation strategies customized for each method's application within agile-based organizations. The objective of this research is to provide practical solutions that narrow the disparity between the potential of knowledge capture and the particular needs of agile setups.
Özgün Bir Latis Yapı Tasarımının Auxetic Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaya Nuriye Nur , Toktaş İhsan
Published: June 2024

Auxetic yapılar, yapıyı oluşturan geometrik şekillerinden dolayı negatif poison oranına sahip özel yapılardır. Bu yapılara çekme kuvveti uygulandığında enine ve boyuna genişlemeler izlenirken, basma kuvveti uygulandığında ise enine ve boyuna daralmalar gözlenmektedir. Auxetic yapılarda kiral, ok ucu, re-entrant gibi birçok farklı birim hücre tasarımları mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada da Stravaski adı verilen özgün bir hücre tasarımının auxeticlik özelliği araştırılmıştır. Farklı geometrik iç kalınlık ölçüleri verilerek tasarlanan latis yapının sonlu elemanlar analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve negatif poison oranına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. 224*224 mm, 160*160 mm ve 120*120 mm’lik ölçüde tasarlanan Stravaski latis hücre yapılarının 1 mm geometrik iç kalınlıklarında en iyi auxetic özellik tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kendi içlerindede en küçük ölçüye sahip olan 120*120 mm’lik Stravaski latis yapısının diğer çalışılan yapılara göre en yüksek auxetic özellik gösterdiği bulunmuştur.
Comparisons of Growth, Yield, and Meteorological Properties of Rice Canopy under Double-Row (Jajar Legowo and Jejer Manten) and Tile Transplanting Systems
Authors: Yuliawan Taufiq , Ichwan Nazif , Ukpoju Augustine , Irsyad Fadli , Oue Hiroki
Published: June 2024

Over the past decade, the Indonesian government has been recommending double-row transplanting systems, i.e., Jajar Legowo (JL) and Jejer Manten (JM), to increase rice production. These systems have been reported to obtain higher yield of Indica rice cultivars than the standard tile (TL) system, primarily due to the border effect. However, scientific investigations of the border effect in these transplanting systems remain limited. This study was conducted during the summer seasons in Japan in 2022 and 2023 to observe the plant growth and yield of a Japonica rice cultivar, Nikomaru, and to investigate differences in meteorological properties, such as intercepted solar radiation (SRint). The study found that higher plant competition for light in JM and JL caused a lower tiller number and above-ground biomass (Wt) per hill than in TL. However, due to denser planting, JM and JL obtained higher tiller numbers, Wt, and sink capacity per unit area than TL. Additionally, the denser canopy in JM and JL compared to TL increased SRint by the whole canopy, even though the space between the double rows was wider. Although SRint was not significantly different amongthe systems, higher normalized difference vegetation index in JM and JL was strongly correlated with a higher sink filling rate due to the healthier canopy absorbing more solar radiation. The synergistic effect of higher sink capacity and sink filling rate led to higher yields in JM and JL than in TL. This study suggests that JM is the best transplanting system for increasing rice yield.
Development of Learning Evaluation Based on Automatic Assessment through Quizizz Paper Mode to Improve Students' Natural and Social Sciences Learning Outcomes
Authors: Balqis Ayssyiyah Sintha , Andriani Aldina Eka
Published: June 2024

Class IV teachers have not implemented technology-based learning evaluation. This research aims to develop, test the feasibility and effectiveness of Automatic Assessment-based learning evaluation through Quizizz Paper Mode to improve the cognitive learning outcomes of class IV students. The type of research used is Research and Development with the Borg and Gall model. The subjects of this research were 20 class IV students. Data collection techniques use technical tests (pretest and posttest); and non-test techniques (observation, interviews, questionnaires). Initial data analysis technique with normality test; final data analysis using the T test and N-Gain test. The results of this research show: Evaluation of learning based on Automatic Assessment via Quizizz Paper Mode with components of questions, answers, question stimuli (images, videos, audio and tables), scores and duration of work with MOTS and HOTS cognitive levels; The results of the feasibility test for material experts and media experts are in the very feasible category; Effectiveness is seen from the pretest and posttest results. The T test results show Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05. N-Gain score is 0.70 in the high category. The conclusion of this research is that the development of learning evaluation based on Automatic Assessment through Quizizz Paper Mode has been successfully developed, is very feasible, and is effective in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of class IV students.
A Periphrastic Glance at Pre-Service and Basic Education ESL Teachers' Attitude toward PhilE and AmE
Authors: G. Dimaculangan Nimfa , B. Sarmiento Michelle , D. Dimaculangan Ma. Cezanne
Published: June 2024

Studies on attitudes toward Philippine English and American English have been done; however, the attitudes were examined through direct methods like interviews, survey questionnaires, and acceptability tests for the new vocabularies. The present study employs indirect means, such as the Matched-Guised Technique (MGT), to determine the attitude of pre-service and high school ESL teachers toward spoken PhilE and AmE. It utilizes well acknowledged views on attitude in determining the subjects' attitudes toward the speakers. Analysis shows that the judges have positive attitudes toward the PhilE and AmE. The findings differ from the results of previous studies that utilized direct methods of determining attitudes, which revealed the subjects' ambivalent attitude towards PhilE because of their preference for AmE. The paper recommends more seminars on World Englishes (WE) and PhilE in areas where English speakers are not yet open to such language phenomena. It supports earlier scholars' recommendations of inclusion or integration of WE and PhilE in ESL and EFL classrooms and promotion of the Englishes spoken across the globe with respect.
Allelopathic impact of Chromolaena odorata on the local crops in Mizoram, India
Authors: Sengupta Rabishankar , Dash Sudhansu Sekhar
Published: June 2024

Allelopathy is the major biological advantage of an invasive alien plant, often inhibitory to the germination and growth of other plants within their space. This study aimed to demonstrate the allelopathic effect of Chromolaena odorata extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of four commonly grown crops as test plants in Mizoram.  Chromolaena odorata was observed as one of the dominant invasive alien plants in the natural forests of Mizoram with increased abundance and lower diversity in the invaded areas during frequent field visits. Petri plate and pot bioassay study revealed that the increasing concentrations (control, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15%) of aqueous extracts or leachates inhibited seed germination, root and shoot length, vigour index. Bioassay treatment of the test plants with a higher concentration of C. odorata extract exhibited a significant inhibition of germination and test plant growth.  Preliminary phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Terpenoids and Flavonoids. The inhibitory effects on seed germination confirmed the inhibitory allelopathic potential of Chromolaena odorata in cultivated lands of Mizoram which may be attributed to presence of the allelochemicals in the leaf and stem extracts of the IAPs.
Severe hypothyroidism approaching myxedema coma: A case report
Authors: Elvin Alfonso Colon Martinez  , Esar Dini  , Blerina Asllanaj  , Omar Abbasi  , Hatim Gemil
Published: June 2024

Severe hypothyroidism is not a presentation that is encountered daily in the hospital setting. Patients' major complaints are generally seen in common diseases or significant past medical history. Active symptoms of myxedema coma may resemble symptoms of chronic medical conditions in exacerbation and may therefore be very challenging to differentiate at first sight. Early recognition of severe hypothyroidism leading to myxedema coma is crucial so that intensive treatment can be initiated upon suspecting a diagnosis, even before receiving lab findings to support it. We report this rare case of a 57-year-old male with a history of hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine, who was admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation and severe sepsis due to a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). On admission, the patient presented with leukopenia and moderate to severe anasarca with pulmonary edema on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Antibiotics and goal-directed medical therapy were reinitiated, except for beta blockers and ACE inhibitors in the setting of hypotension and bradycardia. Subsequently, the patient also presented with clinical symptoms and labs that led us to the diagnosis of severe hypothyroidism approaching myxedema coma. He was experiencing hemodynamic instability after attempting resuscitation protocol, which led us to consult the intensive care unit (ICU) for critical supportive measures. The patient was started on intravenous levothyroxine therapy and hydrocortisone. This treatment approach yielded positive outcomes, as evidenced by improvement in both vital signs and clinical symptoms. This case demonstrates clinical presentation and risk factors that may coincide with other diseases or comorbidities, which could delay the essential treatment of rare diseases like myxedema coma.
Writing and Reading Anti-Islamic Polemics in Byzantium
The Dialogue of the Monk Euthymios with a Saracen Philosopher (Twelfth Century)
Authors: Andriollo Luisa
Published: June 2024

The Dialogue on the Faith, attributed to an unknown author conventionally known as Pseudo-Euthymios, is often regarded as an unoriginal patchwork of traditional apologetic and polemical arguments against Islam, compiled in the twelfth century. A closer analysis of its textual features (linguistic register, rhetorical structure, argumentative strategies) and manuscript tradition helps to shed light on the geographical and social milieu of its production and early circulation, its audience and its possible functions. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of this text and open new avenues of approach to the literary genre of anti-Islamic controversies in late Byzantium.
Turkish-Islamic Customs and Rites in the Byzantine Apologetical-Polemical Literature of the Fourteenth Century
A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Fanelli Marco
Published: June 2024

Adel Theodor Khoury critiqued the anti-Islamic literature of the Palaiologan era as lacking in originality, arguing that it deviated from earlier Byzantine models by incorporating Western influences. Concurrently, studies on the processes of Islamization and Turkification in Anatolia have variously emphasised episodes of coexistence and the mutual exchange of religious practices. In this paper, the Author aims to reassess Khoury’s assumptions by analysing several case studies in which the direct encounter by the Byzantines with Turkish and Islamic practices enabled Palaiologan writers to introduce novel polemical arguments – arguments that were neither rooted in earlier traditions nor derived from Western sources.
Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica; virulence factors, diseases, and notably increasing antibiotic resistance rate among their isolates: a comprehensive review
Authors: Tawor Adam Bashir , Erganiş Osman , Kebabçioğlu Canan , Yousof Sadam Suliman Mohamed
Published: June 2024

TThe current review on Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica tried to shed light on these two organisms due to their medical and economic importance as well as to their elevating antibiotic resistance rate among the isolates from animals basically cattle, sheep, and goats. In this comprehensive review, we screened both old and recently published works that are available electronically on authorized scientific sites. Here we provide the latest data on those organisms their structure, suitable growth conditions, virulence factors, pathogenesis, their associated diseases, and their distribution along with antibiotic resistance emergence and the possibility of more new emergences of resistant isolates among species of both organisms. Lastly, we reviewed all the old and modern methods for diagnosis, controlling, and preventing the occurrence of diseases caused by these organisms besides studying and reviewing the effective ways to manage antibiotic resistance issues. Our review concluded that more specific research is needed to shed light on phenotype and genotype differences among those organisms, some issues should be subjected to intensive investigations and research focus such as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases caused by these organisms and antigenic variants between agents. Evaluation of innate and adaptive immunity after infections or vaccinations is important for producing more specific drugs or vaccines in the future.
Comprehending Meaning Through Number: The Transformation of Ideas from Ancient Doctrines to Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Authors: Wiegel Narine L. , Mettini Emiliano
Published: June 2024

The article explores the evolution of the idea of correlating numbers and meanings, from ancient numerological systems to modern models of natural language processing based on vector representations and neural networks. The authors demonstrate that the aspiration to uncover hidden properties of objects by associating them with numbers and performing operations on these numbers has been a common thread across various cultures for millennia. The article traces the stages in the formation of the concept of mathesis universalis (universal mathematics), starting from Aristotle and Proclus’s reflections on general mathematics and culminating in R. Descartes’s ideas about the existence of a universally applicable science of order and measure. Particular attention is devoted to G.W. Leibniz’s ambitious project of creating a universal characteristic – a formalized language in which all knowledge could be precisely expressed and logical inference could be carried out through calculations. It is noted that, despite inherent limitations, some of Leibniz’s intuitions have found embodiment in natural language processing technologies based on vector representations of words. However, the simple correlation of concepts with vectors is insufficient for the full realization of the idea of a calculus of reasoning, as it lacks a mechanism for deriving true statements from others. The development of the transformer architecture, which employs the mechanism of self-attention to construct context-dependent vector representations, has been a significant stride towards the automation of reasoning. Nevertheless, modern language models are based on the principle of maximizing likelihood rather than rigorous logical rules. The authors analyze conceptual solutions proposed for creating a comprehensive calculus of knowledge. In conclusion, it is emphasized that, while the idea of reducing reasoning to mathematical operations is undeniably attractive, one should be cautious about its maximalist interpretations. Cognition is constructive in nature, and even the most perfect model of formalization of reasoning cannot substitute for the practical wisdom and freedom of human thought.
THE WEST IN THE FACE OF CRISES SINCE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. RETURNING TO THE LAND AND TO LOCALITY IS ONE OF THE TRADITIONAL RESPONSES TO CRISES
Authors:   University of French Polynesia, Department of Letters, Languages and Human Sciences – UPF, Tahiti, Polynésie Française, TCHEKEMIAN Anthony
Published: June 2024

Responses to epidemics and climate change since ancient times, as well as their interpretations, ar e recurrent in times of crisis. Confronted with what may appear to be a series of global crises - health, environmental, economic and even democratic - the ideas on the virtues of what is local and rural are becoming increasingly important. We propose to put this return to locality ‘in historical perspective’. The first part of the paper presents the major events, in France, and explains the major changes in the agricultural world between the 18th and 19th centuries. The second part highlights the aesthetic, artistic, utopian and literary reactions to the ravages of industrialisation in France and England. The third part deals with the integration of nature in the city since the 18th century, and then the nostalgic aspirations for working the land since the 19th century. Finally, in these times of pandemic, we conclude this study on the current movements of degrowth, ecology and return to the local, in favour of food and collective gardens.
SOSYALİST YUGOSLAVYA DÖNEMİNDE KOSOVA’YA İLİŞKİN ANAYASAL STATÜ DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİNİN SİYASİ TEMELLERİ
Authors: Kabashi Ditar , Karpuz Tolga
Published: June 2024

Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti’nde tarihi boyunca iç ve dış siyasi gelişmelere bağlı olarak anayasa değişiklikleri yapılmıştır. Sosyalizm uygulamasının evrimi, Yugoslavya’yı oluşturan cumhuriyetlere yönelik merkezci veya özerkliğe sıcak bakan yaklaşım farklılıkları ve milliyetçi hareketlerin yükselişleri, bu anayasa değişikliklerinin temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu anayasa değişikliklerinin, Yugoslavya’da sonradan cumhuriyet statüsüne sahip olan ve etnik anlamda yıllar boyunca Arnavut-Sırp çekişmesine sahne olmuş Kosova’da yarattığı siyasi etkiler, 1990’ların sonunda kanlı bir savaşa sahne olan ve 2008 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan eden Kosova’nın siyasi tarihinin dönüm noktalarını oluşturmuştur. 1946 yılından itibaren Yugoslavya Federasyonu’nun egemenliğine giren Kosova’nın başlangıçta merkezci bir bakış açısıyla Sırbistan Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti içerisinde değerlendirilen anayasal statüsü ancak 1968 ve 1971 federal Anayasa değişiklikleriyle birlikte hukukî ve idari anlamda iyileştirilmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle 1974 Yugoslavya Anayasası ile birlikte Kosova, özerk bölge olmasına karşın yetki kapsamı bakımından nerdeyse federe cumhuriyetlere eşdeğer bir konum kazanmıştır. Ancak Devlet Başkanı Josip Broz Tito’nun ölümünden sonra 1980’li yıllarda Yugoslavya’da milliyetçi söylem ve hareketlerin tırmanmasıyla federal yapının işleyişi sekteye uğramaya başlamıştır. 1989 yılında Kosova’nın özerkliğinin kaldırılması bu sürecin sonucu olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu tarihten itibaren Kosova’da başlayan siyasi huzursuzluk giderek etnik çatışmalara evrilerek bağımsızlığa kadar sürecek bir mücadele dönemini başlatmıştır.
Ratomir Milikić, Државни удари у историји Србије (Sırbistan Tarihindeki Darbeler), Čigoja Yayınevi, Belgrad 2022, 369 Sayfa, ISBN: 978-86-531-0819-9.
Authors: Turbıc Enes
Published: June 2024

Ratomir Milikić, Државни удари у историји Србије (Sırbistan Tarihindeki Darbeler), Čigoja Yayınevi, Belgrad 2022, 369 Sayfa, ISBN: 978-86-531-0819-9.
: Efektivitas Metode Fonibel dalam Kemampuan Membaca Awal Siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kelas 1
Authors: Rhezandya Pradiptha Zalma  , Iqbal Rahman  , Nurul Aulia  , Saskia Ramadhani
Published: June 2024

Reading is one of the essential basic skills for children in elementary school. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the fonibel method in improving reading readiness among first-grade elementary students. The fonibel method combines phonics and syllable methods to introduce letters and teach children to read through syllables. This research employs a descriptive method with observations of first-grade students in Bukittinggi. The study involved seven sessions, including rapport building, initial observation, pretest, five intervention sessions, and a posttest. Data obtained from observations, pretests, and posttests were analyzed descriptively to observe changes and developments in students' reading abilities after the intervention. The results showed that all students could pronounce all vowel and consonant letters and combine letters into syllables and words after the intervention. The fonibel method proved effective in enhancing students' reading abilities, creating a fun and interactive learning environment, and increasing student motivation and engagement in the learning process. This study provides significant contributions to the development of effective and enjoyable reading instruction methods for elementary school students.
EFEKTIVITAS PECS (PICTURE EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK AUTIS
Authors: Tiara Pabela  , Indria Musalmah  , Nurhayani Lubis  , M. Fahri Nasution  , Aldo Kurniawan
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif sistem komunikasi dengan PECS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi anak autis. Subjek penelitian merupakan kelompok eksperimen anak autis  berusia 8 tahun yang bersekolah di SLB Permata Bunda.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguji hipotesis metode gambar melalui PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) terhadap kemampuan komunikasi anak autis dalam rentang waktu 4 sesi pertemuan intervensi. Masing-masing sesi dilakukan dengan durasi 40-60 menit menggunakan 5 tahapan pada perlakuan menggunakan metode PECS. Penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan jenis One-Group Pretest Posttest Design. Data diambil melalui observasi dan instrumen kemampuan berbahasa reseptif, ekspresif dan kognisi sosial anak autis. Teknik analisis data berupa statistik menggunakan uji  Wilcoxon Signed Test, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,180 > 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan metode gambar yang digunakan melalui PECS tidak memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada peningkatan komunikasi anak autis.
АНАЛІЗ ТЕХНІКИ СТАРТУ У ПЛАВАННІ
Authors: Ковальчук Роман , Шинкарук Віктор , Загорулько Євгеній
Published: June 2024

Старт – це важлива частина змагального плавання. Опанування правильної техніки стартових рухів є невід'ємною складовою спортивної підготовки плавця. У практиці спортивного плавання застосовуються різні варіанти старту й усі вони мають бути ефективними. Загальна характеристика техніки виконання запливу полягає в комплексі дій плавця, спрямованих на найбільш ефективний початок запливу. Високі вимоги пред'являються до вміння плавців максимально швидко виконувати старт та своєчасно, з перших метрів, реалізувати максимальну швидкість. Якщо старт виконаний вчасно і відповідає всім правилам та технічним вимогам, це дає плавцю можливість набрати оптимальну швидкість, що може суттєво вплинути на результат усього запливу. В статті аналізуються основні різновиди та техніки старту в плаванні, описується коректне виконання цих рухів. Подається чіткий алгоритм для технічного виконання різних видів стартів у плаванні. Мета дослідження – вивчення особливостей виконання старту у сучасному спортивному плаванні та його вплив на спортивний результат. Розглянуто питання зростаючого значення старту у сучасному спортивному плаванні. Виявлено роль стартів у сучасному плаванні на ефективність техніки виконання стартів, їх різновид та фази стартового стрибка. У статті доходимо висновку, що стартовий стрибок слід вибирати для кожного спортсмена індивідуально. У цьому випадку беруться до уваги антропометричні параметри зріст, вага, довжина рук, ніг, статура; фізичні можливості; швидкісно-силові якості спортсмена; фізіологічні особливості. Важливими елементами техніки старту є правильне положення тіла у воді, координація рухів, оптимальний кут нахилу до води і точність стрибка зі стартового блоку. Техніка старту визначається правильним відштовхуванням від блоку і дотриманням оптимального виходу з води для максимального ефекту на дистанції. Оскільки у спортивному плаванні основна оцінка – результат, показаний на всій дистанції від старту до фінішу, то й оцінка будь-якого елемента цієї комплексної рухової дії насамперед має визначатися часовою характеристикою. Старт має бути результативним, доцільним, економічним та надійним. Подальші дослідження передбачається продовжувати у вивченні новинок та перспектив у вдосконаленні стартового стрибка.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ «ШЕСТИ КАПЕЛЮХІВ» У РОЗВИТКУ МИСЛЕННЯ ШКОЛЯРІВ З ДИСЛЕКСІЄЮ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ДИТЯЧИХ ТВОРІВ К. ЄГОРУШКІНОЇ)
Authors: Поліщук Віра , Цегельник Тетяна , Харчук Яна
Published: June 2024

Освіто-виховний процес за своїм змістом і технологією здійснення потребує постійного оновлення відповідно до нових змін, завдань і викликів, які ставить життя перед оновленою українською школою. Вдосконалення навчально-виховного потенціалу сучасного уроку – це далеко не тільки внесення змін в традиційну його структуру, але й нові підходи до формування уявлень про світ, життя, його цінності, майбутнє цивілізації. Вирішенню цих завдань у значній мірі сприяють інноваційні технології. Мета статті полягає в аналізі потенційних можливостей використання технології «шести капелюхів» у розвитку творчого мислення і мовленнєвих здібностей дітей з особливими освітніми потребами. Для забезпечення достовірності положень та висновків, досягнення мети використано комплекс методів дослідження: теоретичних – аналіз, синтез, порівняння та узагальнення інформації на українських і зарубіжних веб-сайтах, а також вивчення публікацій в електронній базі даних Google Scholar. Здійснено аналіз змісту наукових дефініцій: інноваційні технології, дислексія та чинники її виникнення, системний аналіз можливостей технології «шести капелюхів» у формуванні мислення і мовлення дітей з особливими освітніми потребами. Аналіз технології розглядається на прикладі роботи з дітьми з дислексією у процесі вивчення дитячих творів К. Єгорушкіної. У дослідженні виокремлено векторність потенціалу досліджуваної методики, обґрунтовано необхідність її застосування у процесі мисленнєвого розвитку дітей окресленої категорії. У процесі дослідження доведено, що, маючи на меті успішну інтеграцію дитини з дислексією у суспільне середовище, необхідною є рання діагностика специфічних аспектів її психічного розвитку, котрі суттєво ускладнюють проблематику в мисленнєвій сфері, з метою реалізації ефективної спеціалізованої корекційної допомоги.
Bridging the genetic gulf: a deep dive into neurotransmission, pharmacogenomics, and genetic variations for optimal pain management
Authors: Jani Jaeyres , Liew Sat Lin Constance , D. Mudin D. Kamarudin , Muniandy Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Pain embodies a complex sensory experience influenced by a medley of biological, psychological, and genetic. Pain perception can be classed into four main categories: nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, acute pain, and chronic pain. Genetic polymorphisms, which are basically genetic variations in DNA sequences, have a part to play in the neurotransmission pathways associated with pain perception and the ultimate effectiveness of pain management interventions. Learning about the effects of genetics on neurotransmission in pain management offers a fresh viewpoint on individual variations in pain sensitivity, response to treatment, and the development of personalised approaches to pain management. A closer look at the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and neurotransmission provides a better understanding deep down at the genetic level. These chemical messengers, neurotransmitters, help pass signals between nerve cells; they are essential for pain processing and modulation. Differences in genetic makeup in neurotransmitter-related genes could change how these genes express, function, and regulate, thus changing how humans perceive pain and respond to pain management interventions. The conjunction of neurotransmission and pharmacogenomics forms a unique convergence, composing a narrative that discloses the percipient influence of individual genetic differences on neural communication and responses to pharmaceuticals. These genetic variations elaborately construct the molecular architecture supervising neurotransmitter release, receptor interactions, and enzymatic processes within the nervous system. In this review, the convergence of neurotransmission, pharmacogenomics, and genetic variations illuminates a pivotal realm in healthcare.  Genetic variations intricately influence neurotransmission pathways, moulding individual responses to pharmacological interventions.  This intersection not only underscores the complexity of human biology but also holds the promise of personalised healthcare solutions. Recognising subtle genetic variations in neurotransmission and pharmacogenomics opens the door to precision medicine, tailoring treatments to individual genetic codes and revolutionising our approach to medical care.
Increasing serum HMGB1 as a potential biomarker of treatment-resistant epilepsy in children: A case series and literature review
Authors: Nugrahanto Andika Priamas , Triono Agung , Iskandar Kristy , Wijayanti Veronica Wulan , Elisabeth Siti Herini
Published: June 2024

Epilepsy still causes the most burden compared to any other neurological diseases in children. Recent studies point to a connection between inflammation and epilepsy, particularly in epileptogenic epilepsy development, and the long-term effects of seizures. This pilot study describes the increasing serum High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in two children with treatment-resistant epilepsy and how this marker could be considered a promising biomarker for treatment-resistant epilepsy in children. Case 1: A four-year-eight-month-old boy was presented with treatment-resistant epilepsy, communicating hydrocephalus on the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, cerebral palsy and global developmental delay. The seizure form was involuntary jerky head twisting and body shivering three times a day. Despite three antiepileptic medications (valproic acid, phenobarbital, and levetiracetam) given in maximal dose, the seizures were not well-controlled, three up to four times per week. The serum HMGB1 level was 5.93 ng/ml. Case 2: A four-year-three-month-old boy was presented with treatment-resistant epilepsy, cerebral palsy, global developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss. His first seizure started as status epilepticus. Symptoms progressed to generalized tonic seizures, with eyes bulging upward, occurring more than five times a day. The patient still suffers seizures daily for one minute despite the maximal dosage of valproic acid and levetiracetam therapy. The serum HMGB1 level was 5.342 ng/ml. Serum HMGB1 could be considered a potential biomarker for treatment-resistant epilepsy in children. Further diagnostic studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to support the proposed aetiology for developing targeted treatment options.
Food Substitution and Waste Reduction Can Reduce the Environmental Impacts and Food Costs of School Meal Programs in the United States
Authors: Love David , Conrad Zach , Altema-Johnson Daphene , Ramsing Rebecca , Bassarab Karen , Thorne-Lyman Andrew L. , Williams D’Ann , Moore Elsie R.H. , Nussbaumer Elizabeth M. , Anderson Patti Truant
Published: June 2024

Background United States (U.S.) school meal programs serve billions of meals annually; however, little is known about their environmental impacts.Objective This study estimated the daily greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), water scarcity footprint (WSF), and food cost associated with food consumed in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) and modeled the association of food substitutions and food waste reduction.Design A cross-sectional analysis of day-1 dietary intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018. A diet model was constructed to estimate the effects of food substitutions and food waste reduction on GHGE, WSF, food cost, and nutrient intake.Participants/Setting Participants included 796 children and adolescents from pre-Kindergarten to grade 12 who consumed breakfast or lunch on a weekday from a school cafeteria that met the minimum standard for an eligible meal (i.e., offered or served minimum amounts of milk, protein foods, whole grains, fruits, and/or vegetables), and that is reimbursed for food costs. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were per capita nutrient intake, GHGE, and WSF, and food cost.Statistical analyses performed Differences in mean impacts and between actual consumption and two modeled scenarios (food substitutions, food waste reductions) were evaluated using paired Wald tests. The modeled food substitutions were of soy milk for cow’s milk, plant-based meat alternatives for beef, poultry for beef, and seafood for beef. All values in figures were adjusted for energy and survey cycle using linear regression models.Results Daily per capita GHGE and WSF for food consumed in school food programs was 1.69 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq) (95% CI: 1.55-1.84 kg CO2eq) and 1,023 liter equivalents (L eq) (95% CI: 920-1,127 L eq), respectively. Dairy (mainly cow’s milk) and protein foods (mainly beef) were the largest contributors to GHGE. Fruit was the largest contributor to the WSF. Modeled food substitutions significantly reduced GHGE by 14-25% and WSF by 11-14% for the school meal programs, however, there were mixed effects on food cost (-2% to 6% change) and nutrient intake. Modeled food waste reductions of 5% were associated with a 1% decrease in GHGE, WSF, and food costs.Conclusions The NSLP and SBP are critical to child nutrition, and food substitution and food waste reduction strategies can lower their environmental footprint with manageable impacts on nutrient intake, although implementing these programs effectively can be challenging.
Where Minorities are the Majority: Electoral Rules and Ethnic Representation
Authors: Gerring John , Hicken Allen , Jerzak Connor T. , Moser Robert G. , Öncel Erzen
Published: June 2024

The impact of electoral rules on descriptive representation has generated a large body of work focused primarily on gender and secondarily on ethnicity. This study provides a parsimonious theory to explain these phenomena, centered on the size and dispersion of social groups. The theory is confirmed analytically in an idealized political system and probed with simulations that test a complete set of counterfactuals. We then test the theory empirically with a large dataset composed of mixed electoral system elections from around the world, and finally with case studies of individual elections in Russia and New Zealand. We find that multimember districts provide better representation than single-member districts only for geographically dispersed social groups that are large, but not too large, as a voting bloc (i.e., for women, understood as a group and a few ethnicities globally). Since most minority ethnic groups are concentrated in a particular region, district magnitude has little impact on their representation.
Astrophysical jets - Escaping the Black hole. Gravity as a collimator and energy pump
Authors: Andersson P D Krug
Published: June 2024

We derive through a thought experiment, for primarily black hole (BH) jets, a model for how electrons could escape the BH in various forms. Thresholds for emission are suggested, how it affects the escape velocity of the jets, composition and interpretation at the event horizon. Quantum Theory and General Relativity are combined through the photoelectric effect; gravitational acceleration from the mass of the BH causes blue shifted extremely high frequency/energy photons for an isolated BH, contributing to the loss of BH mass, corresponding to changes in general relativity and Stephen Hawkings predictions. Spin, charge, intensity by surface area and surface gravity are interlinked, also affected by the mass, resulting in the output radiation seen. We suggest interaction at an area around the Cauchy Horizon, which particles may tunnel to from a more central region, essentially separating from the BH. By finding the Fine Structure Constant 1/137, it suggests the number represents an extremal Planck BH. Theoretically, localised BH extremal areas may commonly form in nature at astronomical scales rather than fully, jets as one example. Whereas, at Planck scale or below, fully may be common and perhaps be part of quantum fluctuations. The theory suggests that the outward force generated by gravity through the photoelectric effect, paradoxically, may continuously prevent further collapse of BH and, by extension, the formation of a singularity. We may use the theory to explain why free neutrons decay, and at seemingly different time scales, while the proton is stable
What Do We Mean by De-Escalation in Police-Citizen Encounters? A Scoping Review on the Conceptualization, Definition, Techniques, and Effectiveness
Authors: van Lith Lenneke , Hutter Vana , Sexton Melissa M. , Vandeviver Christophe , Schoonmade Linda Jeanne , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to support the growing scope of research investigating the effectiveness of de-escalation by police officers. Through a scoping review, we analyzed the conceptualization of de-escalation by identifying the de-escalation definitions, techniques, and measures of effectiveness. A comprehensive search of five databases (i.e., Criminal Justice Abstracts, APA PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences) yielded 18 studies in the police and public order domain that described at least one de-escalation technique as part of their data. By summarizing and synthesizing the literature, we provide a conceptual definition of de-escalation and a detailed overview of all techniques found in the included literature. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research to build upon these results and expand the evidence base on the efficiency of de-escalation techniques, as well as directions on how the results can be implemented in developing de-escalation training.
“SOCIEDAD MADRID-PARÍS” (Pioneros de las Grandes Almacenes en Madrid)
Authors: Díez García Rubén
Published: June 2024

Los Grandes Almacenes Madrid-París supusieron la primera gran superficie comercial de un Madrid en pleno desarrollo y resultó ser un claro ejemplo del inicio de una nueva concepción del comercio. Una investigación acerca de la Sociedad Madrid-París y las personas que impulsaron estos Grandes Almacenes como prototipo perfecto de las reformas urbanísitcas de la Gran Vía y de la construcción de grandes edificios emblemáticos que dotaron a esta vía ya desde sus orígenes de un ambiente moderno y cosmopolita que cobró un fuerte impulso durante el primer tercio del siglo XX.
مقارنة بين مصطلحي المنطق الضبابي ونظرية الاحتمالات
Authors: ا.م .د. هيفاء طه عبد  , ا.م.اسيل عبد الرزاق رشيد
Published: June 2024

المنطق الضبابي ونظرية والاحتمال كلاهما طريقتان للتعامل مع عدم اليقين، لكنهما يتعاملان مع المشكلة بطرائق مختلفة. ان  الاحتمال هو مفهوم رياضي يعين قيمة عددية لاحتمال وقوع حدث ما حيث تتراوح قيمة الاحتمال دائمًا من 0 إلى 1، وهذا يعني ان القيمة  (0) تعني أن الحدث مستحيل, والقيمة (1) تعني أن الحدث مؤكد, ومن ناحية أخرى، فإن المنطق الضبابي هو نظام يتعامل مع معلومات غير مؤكدة أو غامضة من خلال تخصيص دوال انتماء مختلفة للمجموعة الضبابية, والتي يعبر عنها بقيم مستمرة تقع ضمن الفترة [1,0]، لكنها لا تمثل بالضرورة احتمال وقوع حدث ما.
في المنطق الضبابي لا تكون الافتراضات صحيحة أو خاطئة فحسب، بل يمكن أن تكون صحيحة جزئيًا أو خاطئة جزئيًا, وعلى سبيل المثال، قد يكون اقتراح "الجو حار بالخارج" صحيحًا إلى حد ما، اعتمادًا على درجة الحرارة, ويسمح المنطق الضبابي بهذا النوع من الحقيقة الجزئية.
Unraveling the Threads of Microhistory: Exploring Key Features and Notable Examples
Authors: Chekanov Vsevolod Iu.
Published: June 2024

This study aims to comprehensively characterize microhistory as a modern historiographical genre. It examines the key attributes, features, and epistemology of microhistory in relation to conventional historical approaches. By tracing the emergence of microhistory and analyzing sample texts, this research identifies the distinctive elements of microhistorical research. These include a granular focus on marginalized individuals, skepticism toward grand narratives, and a sensory emphasis on material artifacts over abstract facts. The study elucidates how microhistory’s postmodern relativism and localized subjectivity contrast with traditional historiography. While acknowledging microhistory’s unique focus on overlooked experiences, the analysis cautions against overly presentist and emotive reinterpretations of the past. This study maps the philosophical underpinnings and practices of the microhistory movement, clarifying its significance within modern historiography and its potential impact on historical research methodology.