bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: See Siprianus , Novianti Catharina
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik Terhadap Motivasi Siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS siswa kelas IX di SMP Katolik St. Theresia Kupang. Metode pada penelitian merupakan metode kuantitatif. Jumlah responden (sampel) dalam penelitian adalah 93 orang siswa kelas IX SMP Katolik St. Theresia Kupang, dengan teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah ramdom sampling. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran angket yang didukung dengan dokumentasi dan observasi, kemudian dianalisis dengan Statisitik Korelasi Product Moment dan dilanjutkan dengan Regresi.

Hasil Analisis Korelasi Product Moment dan Regresi menunjukan bahwa; terdapat Hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara Kompetensi Pedagogik dengan Motivasi Siswa Pada mata pelajaran IPS siswa kelas IX di SMPK St. Theresia Kupang, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi = 0,493 dan Probabilitas Sig = 0,000 < probabilitas 0,05. Sedangkan koefisien determinasi atau sumbangan efektif Kompetensi Pedagogik guru terhadap motivasi siswa adalah sebesar Rsquare = 0,243 x 100% = 24,3%.

Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi pedagogik guru berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas IX pada pembelajaran IPS di SMP Katolik Sta. Theresia Kupang, walaupun masih dalam kategori cukup. Oleh sebab itu berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, peneliti dapat memberikan beberapa saran; 1) bagi guru yang mengampuh mata pelajaran IPS hendaknya untuk lebih meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogiknya dengan terus memahami IPS sebagai mata pelajaran yang dinamis dan terus berkembang sesuai dengan kemajuan zaman, 2) Guru IPS perlu meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovasi dalam pembelajaran IPS, dengan menentukan, memodifikasi, atau menciptakan metode atau model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan ciri khas dan tujuan IPS, sehingga pembelajaran IPS lebih bermakna dan menarik untuk dipelajari oleh siswa, 3) Siswa hendaknya memiliki perspektif yang positif terhadap IPS sebagai mata pelajaran yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap keterampilan hidup baik keterampilan mental, pribadi maupun sosial, 4) bagi sekolah dalam hal ini kepala sekolah untuk dapat merencanakan program diklat yang mengakomodir guru mata pelajaran IPS, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru tersebut.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Pemahaman Menggunakan Pojok Literasi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Taufina Taufina , Zikri Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses pengembangan bahan ajar membaca pemahaman dengan menggunakan pojok literasi pada siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Developement). Subjek uji coba adalah peserta didik kelas IV SDN 13 Batang Gasan dan Penyebaran di SDN 01 Batang Gasan. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba Kevalidan dapat dilhat dari validasi isi, bahasa, tampilan, keseluruhan 3,7 dengan kategori sangat valid. Pratikalitas bahan ajar dilihat dari respon pendidik dan respon peserta didik memiliki persentase 89 dengan kategori sangat praktis, sedangkan efektifitas bahan ajar 87,65%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar valid, praktis dan efektif pada kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Siagian Heltaria , Pangaribuan Jontra Jusat , Silaban Patri Janson
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa V di SD Negeri 112269 Padang Lais Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SD Negeri 112269 berjumlah 224 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah purposive sampling dalam hal ini peneliti memilih kelas V yang berjumlah 43 siswa untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitativ jenis survey metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif untuk menguji hipotesis dengan menggunakan teknik hipotesis, teknik hipotesis yang digunakan adalah hipotesis uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian belajar memiliki rata-rata 84,90 dengan kategori rendah dan hasil belajar memiliki rata-rata 69,06 dengan kategori rendah hal ini didukung dengan hasil pengujian hipotesis uji t dimana thitung > ttabel yaitu 2,029 > 1,681 maka H0 diterima yaitu ada pengaruh kemandirian belajar yang signifikan antara kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V di SD Negeri Padang Lais Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021.
Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Tias Ika Wulandari Utamining , Putri Bella Dwi , Pratiwi Dian
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan pada penerapan strategi index card match terhadap hasil belajar tematik peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 8 Metro Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eskperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 40 orang peserta didik. Sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan sampel jenuh dengan jumlah 40 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes dan non tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penerapan strategi index card match terhadap hasil belajar dengan n-gain 0,56 termasuk dalam kategori “Sedang” yang ditunjukkan dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan rumus t-test pooled varians.
Improving Science Learning Activities and Outcomes by Using Problem Based Learning Model at Elementary School
Authors: Saleh Ahmad , Ahda Yuni , Fitria Yanti
Published: January 2021

Science learning requires direct experience in order to develop the ability to explore and understand the natural surroundings scientifically. So far in elementary school at Bukittinggi, the process of learning science only memorizes facts, principles or theories. In science learning, students are not involved in finding or applying their own ideas and they do not instill the values contained in the learning. The science learning process in classroom is not yet fully in accordance with the demands of the curriculum. The teacher provides more material in the textbook without relating it to students' daily problems that are in accordance with the material, thus causing less interesting in learning. The teacher also has not actively involved all students in learning and emphasizes learning only on students who are smarter. The purpose of this study was to increase the activity and learning outcomes of science learning by using a problem-based learning model in SDN 11 Aur Kuning Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. This classroom action research was conducted in 2 cycles with the research subjects of grade IV students with totalling 25 people. The research data were collected through observation and tests. The effectiveness of actions in each cycle from the results of observations and tests is described and then reflected to take corrective action in the next cycle. In science learning, students' learning activities were observed, namely: visual activities, oral activities, writing activities, motoric activities and emotional activities. The research findings show that the problem-based learning model can increase student activity and learning outcomes.
Linguagens, cultura e sociedade: Debates e questionamentos interdisciplinares
Authors: Carvalho Diego Avelino de Moraes
Published: January 2021

The work Linguagens, Linguagens, Cultura e Sociedade: debates e questionamentos interdisciplinares is the result of the work of several researchers who, in general, seek the paths of interdisciplinarity to understand teaching work, combining research and teaching. It is a multiple, disturbing text and marks the aesthetic, theoretical and methodological positions of the authors of this collection. It is, by its origin, a project marked by theoretical multiplicity that affirms the raison d'être of NECULT - Center for the Study of Culture, Languages and its Technologies, created in 2013, and which brings to the universe of teaching the transforming will of social realities and the need for research as a daily practice in the academic universe. The work, as a whole, uses the atti-tude of intersection between the fields of History, Philosophy, Sociology, Theory [criticism] of Art, Culture and Languages with the purpose of crossing capital themes such as aesthetics, heritage, in-tervention and cultural management, literature, teaching, race and gender, etc.
Carnaval e cidade – usos e apropriações de espaços urbanos: Recife e Olinda em perspectiva
Authors: Barros Sulivan Charles
Published: January 2021

Carnival is one of the most important manifestations of Brazilian culture. On festival days, the carnival locus is occupied by antagonistic social actors, producing a unique image of the sensitive movements that the city experiences throughout the year and that end up in the unequal processes of power and space - one of the multiple readings that the carnival phenomenon offers. Understanding this complex moment of polyphonies and polysemias requires a review of its historical development process, aiming at a broader understanding of how it was (and continues to be) forged as an entirely Brazilian social fact, an element that makes up a part of the nation's identity formation. In this direction, the city becomes a privileged place for carnival production based on evocation of memory, symbolizing the idea of public spaces to be activated and reconstructed. In order to build an articulation between past, present and future, commercial investments have been integrating multiple strategies in the search to dynamize old uses of urban space, associated with contemporary forms of carnival consumption. In this sense, this research proposes to analyze the relationship between carnival and the city from the uses and appropriations of public spaces and that will present the cities of Recife and Olinda as an empirical reference.
Una Mirada Hacia Adentro
Authors: Figueroa Ana Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Reading each letter, each comma and each verse of this collection of poems is an explosion of feelings. It is a journey through the deepest reflection of human love and pain. From the first poem to the last letter, the reader embarks on a journey to infinity; that which is the internal universe. Ultimately, there is no more exquisite way than to spill your soul, mind and heart on one page. And it is what the poet does in this extensive collection of poems.
The literacy rate of young workers in Siberia at the end of the 19th century
Authors: Pivovarova Irina
Published: January 2021

Based on the results of the first general population census, the literacy of the population was analyzed regarding the number and composition of workers in Siberia in the context of 28 groups and the corresponding types of industrial and commercial activity. The most popular types of youth employment in Siberia have been identified. Shown is the gender and age differentiation of literate among employed youth. The types of activities in which young people are employed with the highest and lowest literacy levels are indicated.
Russia, the Porte and the Sultan’s Orthodox subjects after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774–1787)
Authors:   Institute for Historical Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Stoilova Tamara
Published: January 2021

The treaty signed on 10/21 July 1774 in Kuchuk-Kainarji forced the Ottoman empire to accept Russia’s peace conditions that expanded its borders to the south and abolished the Turks’ centuries long domination in the Black sea and their absolute control over the Turkish Straits. The treaty enabled offensive policy as a result of which St.Petersburg gained exceptional territorial and strategic positions. The main issues in the relations between the two empires connected with the situation of the sultan’s Orthodox subjects in the interwar period included above all Russia’s right to patronize the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire and the related amnesty for the participants in the Russo-Turkish war; fulfilment of the provisions enacting restoring of Orthodox churches, Russian support to higher Orthodox clerics as well as construction of a Russian church in Pera. The rights of the Turkish subjects to use Russian merchant flag and to migrate to Russia, still remaining within the sphere of trade relations between the two empires turned out to be a significant and hard to solve problem. The issues concerning St.Petersburg’s policy towards the Danubian Principalities, Montenegro and the Adriatic were still important issues in the Russia-Turkey relations. Most issues in the bilateral relations were a follow-up to the relations during the 1760s and the war of 1768–1774. In the following years the new situation in the Black sea basin, the Turkish Straits opening to merchant vessels under the Russian flag, the Danubian Principalities gradually slipping from Constantinople’s control and of course annexation of the Crimea by the Russian Empire would intensify the crisis in the Russia-Turkey relations and war would become inevitable. But also fatal for the Ottoman Empire.
An episode in the history of Herzegovina in 1833–1851. Ali Pasha Rizvanbegovich: the experience of independent governance of the region
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Melchakova Ksenia V.
Published: January 2021

The essay deals with a notable 19th century Herzegovina figure – Ali Pasha Rizvanbegovich. Acting prudently and in cool blood, in 1833 he achieved the separation of Herzegovina from Bosnia and the establishment of his sole power in it. Ali Pasha intended to expand the autonomy of the region and pass it on to his children. He managed to maintain the status of a semi-independent ruler of Herzegovina until 1851.
Russian Pan-Slavists of the 1860s and 1870s
Authors: Churkinа Iskra V.
Published: January 2021

The essay examines the programs of the Pan-Slavists R.A. Fadeev and N.Ya. Danilevsky, that appeared in Russia in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Their emergence was induced by programs of unification peoples into a single state or administrative unit on an ethnic basis that started to spread in Europe after the Revolutions of 1848–1849. In his book Opinion on the Eastern question (1870), General Fadeev argued that all Slavs should strive to create a Federation under the leadership of the Russian Tsar and with the leading role of the nobility. At the same time, each Slavic nation should have its own administration, and it should be headed by one of the representatives of the Romanov dynasty. Danilevsky, in his extensive work Russia and Europe (1871), called for the creation of a Slavic Federation in which every peasant would have their own allotment. He actively opposed the Eurocentric theories of European scholars who believed that the highest achievement of culture is the Romano-Germanic civilization. Both programs had similar postulates. Fadeev and Danilevsky were convinced that the main enemy of the Russian and other Slavic peoples is Romano-German Europe, primarily the German States. The Slavs will not be able to achieve reconciliation with those states, and the only salvation for them is to unite with Russia.
Features of the political process in Bulgaria from the perspective of the Russian subjects (late 19th – early 20th centuries)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusev Nikita S.
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the functioning of the Bulgarian political system in the first 40 years of its existence (1878–1918) according to the Russian eyewitnesses observations. Involvement of this type of sources as well as Bulgarian memoirs and scientific works allowed us to consider the real implementation of such components of the constitutional state as equality, freedom of speech, political competition, the electoral process and their perception by the Bulgarians themselves. The data used in the research enabled us to conclude that these components of the political system have been adapted to local realities, which largely changed the essence of the aforementioned concepts.
The role of the Albanian community in the restoration and development of the statehood of Montenegro at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors:   Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Klimenko Zoya V.
Published: January 2021

The research is devoted to the Albanian community in Montenegro and its political organisations. Though small in size (and gradually deteriorizing) the Albanian community in Montenegro exercises large and maybe even major influence on the contemporary history of Montenegro. Its role became especially remarkable in the period when Montenegro obtained its full state sovereignty in 2006, as well as in the years that followed. The author explores positions of prominent Albanians politicians, mutual relations of the largest national political parties. Special attention is paid to the problem of the influence of neighbouring Albania and Kosovo on the development of inter-ethnic relations in Montenegro. Moreover it is stressed that under the influence of Albanian politicians Montenegro, became a member of NATO in 2017.
Sistem Operasi Mobile
Authors: Zahrullah
Published: January 2021

Sistem operasi mobile atau mobile OS adalah sistem operasi untukponsel, tablet, smartwatch, atau perangkat mobile lainnya. Sistemoperasi ini berfungsi untuk mengontrol sumber daya hardwaremaupun software pada perangkat mobile hingga dapat berjalanstabil.
Review Jurnal ‘Social Capital of Entrusted Service Agents for Imported Fashion and Cosmetics Prroducts’
Authors: Lusy
Published: January 2021

Review Jurnal ‘Social Capital of Entrusted Service Agents for Imported Fashion and Cosmetics Prroducts’
Social Capital of Entrusted Service Agents for Imported Fashion and Cosmetics Prroducts’
Authors: Saphira Salza
Published: January 2021

Social Capital of Entrusted Service Agents for Imported Fashion and Cosmetics Prroducts’
Succession
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: January 2021

Economics is a story of succession. Empires come and go, but some have firmly stood the test of time. They are still alive because they can successfully turn their economic power into a generational legacy.
GERMAS iklan rokok terhadap sikap untuk berhenti merokok pada remaja
Authors: ningrum fitria yusti
Published: January 2021

Peringatan kesehatan berbentuk gambar dan tulisan terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang positif dalam menurunkan angka prevalensi merokok. Peringatan kesehatan berbentuk gambar ternyata diperhatikan daripada peringatan kesehatan yang hanya berbentuk tulisan atau teks saja. Studi di berbagai negara membuktikan bahwa peringatan kesehatan berbentuk gambar adalah efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran perokok dan bukan perokok akan bahaya merokok bagi kesehatan. Hal tersebut sekaligus memberikan pendidikan yang efektif mengenai dampak buruk yang diakibatkan karena merokok, serta meningkatkan niat untuk berhenti merokok. Hasil penelitian pada pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh antara terpaan peringatan pesan pada iklan rokok terhadap sikap untuk berhenti merokok pada remaja. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada angka signifikansi hasil pengujian hipotesis sebesar 0,000. Selanjutnya hasil uji Mann Whitney U Test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sikap berhenti merokok pada kelompok treatment dan kelompokkontrol. Nilai rata-rata (mean) sikap berhenti merokok pada kelompok treatment lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai rata-rata (mean) pada kelompok kontrol. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terpaan peringatan pesan kesehatan berbentuk gambar dan tulisan yang ada pada iklan rokok berpengaruh terhadap sikap untuk berhenti merokok pada remaja.
CARA UJI STATISTIK MENGGUNAKAN SPSS
Authors: Rifqi Nasuha , HERIANTO H.
Published: January 2021

Tutorial SPSS adalah serangkaian tuntunan agar para pengguna aplikasi SPSS dapat menggunakan SPSS sebagai software untuk mengerjakan tugas-tugas statistik, baik untuk keperluan penelitian maupun non penelitian. Tutorial SPSS disini adalah tuntunan awal bagi para pembaca statistikian yang baru pertama kali atau masih baru mengenal SPSS, agar dapat menggunakannya sesuai dengan keinginan.
Program Germas Perduli Kesehatan Masyarakat dengan Berhenti Merokok
Authors: Silfiani Rosita
Published: January 2021

Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) merupakan suatu tindakan sistematis dan terencana yang dilakukan secara Bersama sama oleh seluruh komponen bangsa dengan kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan berperilaku sehat untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup.Perilaku atau sikap perduli terhadap kesehatan dapat dimulai dari hal kecil terlebih dahulu, yaitu dimulai dari lingkungan keluarga, seperti tidak merokok di dalam rumah, ataupun lingkungan rumah, karena lebih mementingkan kesehatan anggota keluarga. Dengan berhenti merokok sehingga derajat kesehatan masyarakat akan meningkatProgram Germas yang dilaksanakan dengan cara sosialisasi dan penyuluhan disasarkan pada masyarakat agar mengetahui pentingnya menjaga pola hidup sehat, serta memberikan dorongan agar masyarakat berhenti merokok.Kata Kunci : Germas, Berhenti merokok
An idealized 1.5-layer isentropic model with convection and precipitationfor satellite data assimilation research. Part I: model dynamics
Authors: Cantarello Luca , Bokhove Onno , Tobias Steven
Published: January 2021

An isentropic 1.5-layer model based on modified shallow water equations is presented, including terms mimicking convection and precipitation. This model is an updated version of the isopycnal single-layer modified shallow water model presented in Kent et al. (2017). The clearer link between fluid temperature and model variables together with a double-layer structure make this revised, isentropic model a more suitable tool to achieve our future goal: to conduct idealized experiments for investigating satellite data assimilation. The numerical model implementation is verified against an analytical solution for stationary waves in a rotating fluid, based on Shrira's methodology for the isopycnal case. Recovery of the equivalent isopycnal model is also verified for k = R/cp = 1, both analytically and numerically. With convection and precipitation added, we show how complex model dynamics can be achieved exploiting rotation and relaxation to a meridional jet in a periodic domain. This solution represents a useful reference simulation or ``truth'' in conducting future (satellite) data-assimilation experiments, with additional atmospheric conditions and data. A formal analytical derivation of the isentropic 1.5-layer model from a 2-layer isetropic model without convection and precipitation is shown in a companion paper (Part II).
Thematic object pairs produce stronger and faster grouping than taxonomic pairs
Authors: Nah Joseph , Geng Joy
Published: January 2021

Studies of visual object processing have long appreciated that semantic meaning is automatically extracted. However, “semantics” has largely been defined as a unitary concept that describes all meaning-based information. In contrast, the concept literature divides semantics into taxonomic and thematic types. Taxonomic relationships reflect categorization by similarities (e.g., dog – wolf); thematic groups are based on complementary relationships (e.g., swimsuit – goggles). Critically, thematic relationships are learned from the experienced co-occurrence of objects whereas taxonomic relationships are based on shared structural similarities. In two studies with adults (N=66 Experiment 1; N=44 Experiment 2), we test whether visual processing of thematic objects is more rapid because they form a perceptual unit and serve as mutual visual primes. The results demonstrate that visual processing benefits between thematically related objects are earlier than taxonomic ones, revealing a link between how information is acquired (e.g., experienced vs. unobserved) and how it modulates perception.
Autism in Higher Education: Dissonance between educators’ perceived knowledge and reported teaching behaviour
Authors: von Below Rhoda , Spaeth Elliot , Horlin Chiara
Published: January 2021

This study explores the autism knowledge and awareness of educators in Higher Education (HE) as well as their attitudes towards accommodating autistic students within their teaching. Semi-structured interviews were used to allow for in-depth investigation of this topic. Thematic analysis uncovered a striking dissonance between educators’ positive attitudes towards accommodating autistic students and their actions in the classroom. A range of additional themes and subthemes interacted with the concept of dissonance. Even though autism awareness was high in the sample, an attitude-behaviour gap was evident. Impact on inclusivity for autistic students is discussed, alongside recommended directions for future study and practice.
De la coutume au code : Résistances à la codification du droit civil à Neuchâtel sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Wyssbrod Adrien
Published: January 2021

La codification du droit civil n’est pas une évolution naturelle, bénéfique et unanimement plébiscitée. La plupart, sinon la totalité de ces entreprises, ont rencontré des oppositions.Afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène, Adrien Wyssbrod analyse près de trois siècles de résistances dans la principauté de Neuchâtel. Le règne de Frédéric II en constitue le point culminant. Après avoir défini qui résiste, pourquoi et comment, il utilise ses résultats comme un miroir de la société d’Ancien Régime. Des parallèles très variés, notamment avec l’élaboration du Code civil français, la révolution kémaliste ou encore la restauration de Meiji ouvrent la réflexion sur le rapport des individus au droit et à sa formulation.L’ouvrage porte un regard nouveau sur la codification, les relations entre le prince, son administration et ses sujets, ainsi que la gestion d’un État à distance.
University Autonomy and Academic Freedom: A Commitment to Truth
Authors: Joshi Amma Raj
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes several aspects of university autonomy, explores the conditions of Nepali universities and suggests what Nepal needs to do to ensure autonomous academic environment at the universities for creation and expansion of knowledge. Based on the reflections of thinkers, educationists and the personal experience of the writer as a faculty at Tribhuvan University of Nepal, I conclude that Nepali universities are under the political and bureaucratic gaze; they are far from becoming the enclaves of free thinkers and knowledge seekers. As a result, academic freedom is doubtful until universities gain autonomous decision-making powers in structural, academic, financial and administrative fronts.
Growing up South Asian: A Brief Trajectory Drawn from South Asian Novels Targeted for Youths
Authors: Adhikari Hari R.
Published: January 2021

This paper primarily presents the trajectory of growing up in South Asia drawing insights from the selected novels about South Asian youths (SA youths). In this process, the paper explores the political interest of the West in non-Western children and youths. The focus is on the exploration of whether contemporary youth literatures have still been reinforcing the image of SA youths as the Other of the European youths, or if there has been any significant change augmented by the recent phenomenon of global connectedness. By laying a framework of these forces for analyzing how they are reflected in the literatures for the South Asian youths by foreign, diaspora and home authors, this paper prepares a ground for further exploration.
The Death Rite in New Republic Nepal: Should It Be Shortened?
Authors: Rijal Shiva Ram
Published: January 2021

I introduce an on-going debate on whether and how should rituals be tamed in the contemporary Hindu society of Nepal. In this paper, I point out intellectuals who espouse secular thoughts hesitate to talk about rituals in public. On the other hand, there are also many who believe these rituals as their forte. Out of this trajectory of thoughts, I develop an argument that there is a lack of force that could promote interpretative understanding of rituals in Nepal. Based on a line of thoughts propounded by Roy A. Rappaport, Catherine Bell, and Hannah Arendt, I maintain that rituals need to be taken as part and parcel of ritual-making zeal of humankind. With a brief introduction about the historicity of ritualization in Nepal, I highlight the adoptable characteristics of rituals in the Kathmandu Valley and the role the people of the valley have started to point out a possibility of bringing reformation in death rituals.
LINEAR SEARCH ALGORITHM TO BE SOLVED BY PARAMETER LOOP
Authors:   Master, Teacher, Mongolian National University of Education, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Dashdemberel J. , Buren-Arvijikh D. ,   Master, Teacher, Khovd University, School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Information, Communication and Technology, Khovd, Mongolia
Published: January 2021

There are common occasions for finding out required optional data or element from the given algebra of sets and any kind of systems when we are solving practical and informatics tasks. In order to solve these types of tasks or issues, students or researchers have to know about the methodologies for basic understanding which are called tasks for searching. This process is very important as for finding out basic understanding and methodologies, having detailed knowledge of algorithms and searching methods, although there are modern specific technologies and automatic programming systems. When searching methods are programmedfor informatics tasks, necessary abilities such as seeking essential or import of program language operators and making analysis indifference among characterful solving should be owned by students or specialists. Therefore,I set my purpose of thesis of organizing linear searching algorithms by the parameter loop of the programming language C during the discovering process of identifying differences, patterns, and internal core of linear searching methodologies.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTINEMATODAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF SOME FUSED TRIAZINOBENZIMIDAZOLES
Authors:   PhD,Department of Organic Synthesis and Fuels, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria, Anichina K.
Published: January 2021

4-Aryl-3,4-dihydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2-amines 3a-f were synthesized in the reaction of cyclocondensation between 2-guanidinobenzimidazole and versatilebenzaldehydes. Structures of all prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopyand elemental analysis.Antinematodal activity in vitro of the substances was investigated using isolated Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. The tested triazonobenzimidazoles showed different activity depending on the substituent R in their moleculeas the derivatives substituted with a hydroxyl group demonstrated the best anti-Trichinella spiralis activity in the series.
,. Economic efficiency of maize growing technologies of different levels of intensity
Authors:   National Research Center ", Kaminskyi V. ,   Institute of Agriculture NAAS", Asanishvili N. ,   National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS"
Published: January 2021

Economic efficiency of maize growing technologies of different levels of intensity The article presents the results of research on improving the economic efficiency of technologies for growing corn of different levels of intensity in the Forest-Steppe. Taking into account the production strategy, cost-effective resource-saving, intensive and high-intensity technologies have been singled out, which provide stable yield of early-ripening maize hybrid at the level of 6.16–7.08; 7.58–8.77 and 9.87 t/ha in the Forest-Steppe conditions, respectively, with a profit of 19.03–22.07; 19.7–23.96 and 25.13 thousand UAH/ha with a profitability of 128–166; 108–121 and 104%. Keywords: corn, growing technology, intensification, resource saving, yield, grain cost, profit, profitability.
Assimilation of basic nutrients from soil and mineral fertilizers of grain wheat on the black grain of the podzolized sand of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Hospodarenko H. , Cherno O. , Boiyko V. , Liubych V.
Published: January 2021

Assimilation of basic nutrients from soil and mineral fertilizers of grain wheat on the black grain of the podzolized sand of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine The effect results of prolonged use of different doses and ratios of fertilizers on chernozem podzolized in a field crop rotation under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on the content of essential nutrients in winter wheat grain and straw, the precursor of which was soybean, were shown. It has been found that, due to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers, the nitrogen content of winter wheat grain increased by 13–49%, phosphorus by 3–19%, and potassium by 6–14%. With grain, winter wheat absorbs nitrogen most – 49.4–147.8 kg/ha and phosphorus – 22.1–51.9 kg Р2О5/ha, and potassium – only 15.0–32.6 kg K2О/ha, depending on yield and quality. It is estimated that 27–33% of nitrogen, 35–36% – of phosphorus and 74–76% of potassium are returned to the soil with winter wheat straw from economic removal depending on fertilizer doses. Keywords: winter wheat, podzolic heavy clay loam chernozem, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, economic removal.
Efficiency of application of biofertilizers on the basis of sewage sludge of treatment facilities of Odessa
Authors:   Engineering and Technological Institute ", Krutyakova V. ,   Biotechnology",   of NAAS, Pyliak N. ,   Engineering and Technological Institute "Biotechnology" of NAAS, Dyshliuk V. ,   National Research Center Sokolovsky Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Nikipelova O. ,   Engineering and Technological Institute "Biotechnology" of NAAS
Published: January 2021

Efficiency of application of biofertilizers on the basis of sewage sludge of treatment facilities of Odessa The article presents the results of the application of new biofertilizers in the technology of growing corn for grain. Biofertilizers – on the basis of sewage sludge of biological treatment plants «Southern» and «Northern» of Odesa with the addition of winter wheat straw and sunflower seed husk. The effectiveness of the application of biofertilizers based on sewage sludges was studied in a field experiment on black soil ordinary medium humus. According to the results of field research it is established that the use of new biofertilizers based on sewage sludge of biological treatment plants «Southern» and «Northern» of Odesa in corn cultivation technologies increases the quantitative characteristics of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups, which, in turn, helps to increase soil fertility and corn yield for grain. Keywords: biological treatment plants, bioorganic fertilizers, efficiency, ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, rhizosphere, soil fertility.
Cover Volume 4 Nomor 2 Edisi Desember 2020
Authors: Rianto Hadi
Published: January 2021

Cover
Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for schwannomas of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves
Authors: Langlois Anne-Marie , Iorio-Morin Christian , Faramand Andrew , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade , Mohammed Nasser , Sheehan Jason P. , Liščák Roman , Urgošík Dušan , Kondziolka Douglas , Lee Cheng-chia , Yang Huai-che , Atik Ahmet F. , Mathieu David
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Cranial nerve (CN) schwannomas are intracranial tumors that are commonly managed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). There is a large body of literature supporting the use of SRS for vestibular schwannomas. Schwannomas of the oculomotor nerves (CNs III, IV, and VI) are rare skull base tumors, occurring close to the brainstem and often involving the cavernous sinus. Resection can cause significant morbidity, including loss of nerve function. As for other schwannomas, SRS can be used to manage these tumors, but only a handful of cases have been published so far, often among reports of other uncommon schwannoma locations.

METHODS

The goal of this study was to collect retrospective multicenter data on tumor control, clinical evolution, and morbidity after SRS. This study was performed through the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. Patients managed with single-session SRS for an oculomotor cranial nerve schwannoma (CN III, IV, or VI) were included. The diagnosis was based on diplopia or ptosis as the main presenting symptom and anatomical location on the trajectory of the presumed cranial nerve of origin, or prior resection confirming diagnosis. Demographic, SRS dose planning, clinical, and imaging data were collected from chart review of the treated patients. Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Seven institutions submitted data for a total of 25 patients. The median follow-up time was 41 months. The median age at the time of treatment was 52 years. There were 11 CN III schwannomas, 11 CN IV schwannomas, and 3 CN VI schwannomas. The median target volume was 0.74 cm3, and the median marginal dose delivered was 12.5 Gy. After SRS, only 2 patients (including the only patient with neurofibromatosis type 2) had continued tumor growth. Crude local control was 92% (23/25), and the 10-year actuarial control was 86%. Diplopia improved in the majority of patients (11/21), and only 3 had worsening following SRS, 2 of whom also had worsened ptosis, both in the context of tumor progression.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS for schwannomas of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves is effective and provides tumor control rates similar to those for other cranial nerve schwannomas. SRS allows improvement of diplopia in the majority of patients. SRS should therefore be considered as a first-line treatment option for oculomotor nerve schwannomas.
Probabilistic pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures using dropout neural network
Authors: Hung Dang Viet , Thang Nguyen Truong , Dat Pham Xuan
Published: January 2021

When taking into consideration nonlinear phenomena such as material plasticity, plastic hinge, and P-Delta effect, the pushover analysis can provide more realistic structures’ nonlinear responses. However, this method is not widely used in practice as it is more complex and requires more expertise than elastic approaches. On the other hand, the data-driven method emerges as an increasingly appealing alternative since it requires only input parameters, then directly yields results in conditions that enough training data are provided, as well as an appropriate machine learning model is devised. Thus, this study develops a probabilistic data-driven approach using the Multiple Layer Perceptron network coupled with the Dropout mechanism to perform the pushover analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, predicting base shear, lateral displacement, as well as their relationship between the two formers. Moreover, corresponding confidence intervals of predicted values are also available owing to the probabilistic nature of the method, thus helping engineers design conservative solutions.

Keywords:

pushover analysis; reinforced concrete; structure; probabilistic analysis; machine learning; dropout mechanism; OpenSees.
An experimental study on the shear capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement
Authors: Tan Nguyen Ngoc , Kien Nguyen Trung
Published: January 2021

The effect of corrosion on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without stirrups was experimentally investigated. A total of eight medium-scale RC beams were constructed without stirrups. The beams were 150 mm in width, 200 mm in depth, and 1100 mm in length. Test variables included three distinct degrees of corrosion (0%, 3.13%, 4.11%, and 4.93% by mass loss of steel rebar). Six beams were subjected to an accelerated corrosion test, while two beams served as non-corroded control beams. All beams were tested under four-point loading failure after the corrosion stage. The effect of various small degrees of corroded longitudinal reinforcements has been observed for the shear capacity. Test findings found that all tested beams had a brittle failure with tested corrosion degrees. Moreover, corroded beams that are exposed to 3% and 4% average corrosion degree reported having a larger shear capacity of approximately 7% compared to control beams. Lastly, beams with a corrosion degree of about 5% showed a decrease of 10% shear strength and a different failure mechanism with distinguished cracking patterns due to the formation of corrosion cracks along the longitudinal reinforcements.

Keywords:

reinforced concrete beam; reinforcement corrosion; shear strength; no stirrups.
Deductive and abductive argumentation based on information graphs
Authors: Wieten Remi , Bex Floris , Prakken Henry , Renooij Silja
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we propose an argumentation formalism that allows for both deductive and abductive argumentation, where ‘deduction’ is used as an umbrella term for both defeasible and strict ‘forward’ inference. Our formalism is based on an extended version of our previously proposed information graph (IG) formalism, which provides a precise account of the interplay between deductive and abductive inference and causal and evidential information. In the current version, we consider additional types of information such as abstractions which allow domain experts to be more expressive in stating their knowledge, where we identify and impose constraints on the types of inferences that may be performed with the different types of information. A new notion of attack is defined that captures a crucial aspect of abductive reasoning, namely that of competition between abductively inferred alternative explanations. Our argumentation formalism generates an abstract argumentation framework and thus allows arguments to be formally evaluated. We prove that instantiations of our argumentation formalism satisfy key rationality postulates.
Extracellular Release of ILEI/FAM3C and Amyloid-β Is Associated with the Activation of Distinct Synapse Subpopulations
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Mitsuishi Yachiyo , Liu Lei , Watanabe Naoki , Hibino Emi , Hata Saori , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Murayama Shigeo , Kasuga Kensaku , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Suzuki Toshiharu , Nishimura Masaki
Published: January 2021

Background: Brain amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is released into the interstitial fluid (ISF) in a neuronal activity-dependent manner, and Aβ deposition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is linked to baseline neuronal activity. Although the intrinsic mechanism for Aβ generation remains to be elucidated, interleukin-like epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer (ILEI) is a candidate for an endogenous Aβ suppressor. Objective: This study aimed to access the mechanism underlying ILEI secretion and its effect on Aβ production in the brain. Methods: ILEI and Aβ levels in the cerebral cortex were monitored using a newly developed ILEI-specific ELISA and in vivo microdialysis in mutant human Aβ precursor protein-knockin mice. ILEI levels in autopsied brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using ELISA. Results: Extracellular release of ILEI and Aβ was dependent on neuronal activation and specifically on tetanus toxin-sensitive exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. However, simultaneous monitoring of extracellular ILEI and Aβ revealed that a spontaneous fluctuation of ILEI levels appeared to inversely mirror that of Aβ levels. Selective activation and inhibition of synaptic receptors differentially altered these levels. The evoked activation of AMPA-type receptors resulted in opposing changes to ILEI and Aβ levels. Brain ILEI levels were selectively decreased in AD. CSF ILEI concentration correlated with that of Aβ and were reduced in AD and mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion: ILEI and Aβ are released from distinct subpopulations of synaptic terminals in an activity-dependent manner, and ILEI negatively regulates Aβ production in specific synapse types. CSF ILEI might represent a surrogate marker for the accumulation of brain Aβ.
Prevention of labor employment risk using fuzzy inference systemin China-invested enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe under belt and road initiative
Authors: Xu Xinpeng , Li Xun , Gao Fuxia
Published: January 2021

The “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI) enhances the cooperation between China and countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and expands the scale of China-invested enterprises in CEE countries continuously. But it also results in the increase in investment risks. Meanwhile, large differences between the international labor market and the domestic employment environment have led to the inadaptability of some enterprises’ overseas employment policies, triggering many labor disputes, and producing adverse effects on their overseas business expansion. To resolve the problems, this paper attempts to study the measures to prevent labor employment risks using fuzzy inference system for China-invested enterprises in CEE. For this, it performs analysis for the scale, structure, labor quality, wages and benefits, and labor law system of labor employment in CEE countries, and proposes to prevent and resolve the labor employment risks by strengthening government labor cooperation, familiarizing with local labor law systems, and respecting local management culture etc.
An empirical study of factors influencing entrepreneurship using fuzzy logic: Based on provincial panel data
Authors: Lv Zhongguo , Wang Liping , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

At present, the development of China’s economy is inseparable from the promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship. However, there are huge differences in the level of entrepreneurship in different regions, so it is urgent to analyze the influencing factors of entrepreneurship. This paper uses panel data of 31 provinces in 2008–2017 to test the impact of urban unemployment rate, regional financial development level, market scale, agglomeration effect, entrepreneurial cost, scientific and technological innovation level, government support and other factors on entrepreneurial level. To solve the issue of factors influencing the enterprises, we utilised an effective way of fuzzy logic along with decision estimation strategy. The empirical results show that regional financial development level, agglomeration effect, technological innovation ability, government support and so on have a positive role in promoting the level of entrepreneurship, while urban unemployment rate has no significant effect on the level of entrepreneurship. Based on the empirical conclusion, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions.
Improving potential economic growing rate of china in the new normal based on artificial intelligence with fuzzy integration
Authors: Yu Jiagen
Published: January 2021

As we know, AI is deeply integrated with all walks of life. While upgrading traditional products and transforming traditional industries, a large number of new products, new industries and new formats have emerged in large numbers, and new industrial space has been further expanded. The potential for steady economic growth remains huge. However, the influence of merelygrowing capital asset and labor force dimension in terms of boosting economic progress has been waning globally. Considering the China’s data panel data outlying areas during 1978–2017 as the research sample, possible economic growing rate of Chinahas been calculated in detail according to the labor-intensive structural time-varying elastic model. It shows a U-shaped development track during 2018–2027, with an average growth rate between 5.00%and 6.00%. There are also great variances in the probable economy growing rates in different regions in China. It shows that relying solely on traditional factors of production to drive potential economic growth, China has been unable to maintain the prosperity of stable development over the past few decades. Based on the experience of typical representative countries, this paper also puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions including focusing on a new round of technological revolutions such as big data, new generation AI, 5 G, IOT, cloud computing, robotics, and blockchain to progress economical growing rate of China in the future.