bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De Europese eenmaking in de Vlaamse publieke opinie : onbekendheid, onverschilligheid, gelatenheid of machteloosheid
Authors: Dewachter Wilfried
Published: July 2021

Unlike France, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and other E.U. countries Belgium has not yet organised a referendum on European policy matters, however important these may be. So one is constrained to opinion polls and survey data to grasp the attitude of the Flemish community towards European integration. Five important policy matters are examined: the introduction of the euro, the involvement in E.U. countries, the enlargement of the E.U. , the institutional design and the position ofthe Flemish community in the E.U. At the end, with about 20 % of the electorale trying to follow the intricate European polities, on the whole public opinion on Europe in Flanders seem to be a mixture of unfamiliarity, indifference, resignation and acceptance of the policy advocated by the elitist consensus in Belgium on these matters. The missing impetus is the incentives provided by a referendum to become concerned with the complex policy-making and policies in Europe.
Tevredenheid over het lokaal beleid in Gent
Authors: Devos Carl , Reynaert Herwig , Verlet Dries
Published: July 2021

According to the new public management, the interaction between (local) governments and their citizens should be "client oriented". It is considered crucial for (local) policy-makers that they know how citizens perceive the policy process, that they know if citizens are satisfied with policy outcomes.Our empirical study deals with the satisfaction with global local policy. We examine the main determinants of satisfaction with global local policy. This study is based on a face-to-face survey among citizens entitled to vote in Ghent. More than 1500 respondents, spread over 2 surveys, took part in our research.  Attention is also paid to the satisfaction with more specific aspects of local policy. We linked the voter's satisfaction with the global local policy to a wide range of traditional and less traditional independent variables. Finally, we discuss the satisfaction of the electorate of the different political parties.
Hoe verdeeld is de lokale politiek ?: Politieke fragmentatie in Vlaamse gemeente
Authors: Geys Benny
Published: July 2021

A significant international literature has shown that political fragmentation the existence of multiple parties in a governing body - affects policy-making. Indeed, an increase in the number of parties increases the number of viewpoints considered, but on the other hand may also lead to a decrease in government flexibility. This paper first of all shows that Flemish municipalities often have fragmented governments as measured by the number of parties represented in the municipal council and the College of Mayor and Alderman. We also show that this fragmentation at the local level affects policy-making, though not necessarily in the same directions found in the international literature.
Het gebruik van de voorkeurstem bij de regionale en Europese parlementsverkiezingen van 13 juni 2004
Authors: Wauters Bram , Weekers Karolien , Pilet Jean-Benoît
Published: July 2021

On 13 June 2003, elections for both the regional parliaments and the European Parliament were held in Belgium.The percentage of voters casting a preferential vote increased when compared with the previous regional and European elections of 1999, reaching scores clearly higher than 60%.  The new electoral laws are one explanation for this increase, together with societal evolutions, such as individualism, anti-party feelings, personalization of polities and the appearance of cartels. In comparison with the federal elections of 2003 however, there was a decrease in prererential voting, due to lower campaign expenditures and to the success of parties that traditionally do not attract many preferential votes.  Voters can also cast a vote for several candidates figuring on the same party list, which is contrary to the past done quite frequently now. Finally, more candidates than ever succeeded in becoming elected out oî the order of the party list.
Voltooid verleden tijd ? : Het verband tussen kennis over de nazi-genocide en democratische attitudes bij adolescenten in Brussel
Authors: Kavadias Dimo
Published: July 2021

Schools are expected to educate children into democratic citizens by providing "civics" or history courses. lt is believed that the formal curriculum affects the amount of cognition of each pupil, which - in its turn - would influence the civic competencies and social attitudes.  This supposition is explicitly stated in 'holocaust-education 'programs and in 'civics'-courses. Accordingly, knowledge on the nazi-attrocities would stimulate tolerance, and by this way counter prejudice.The current contribution tests this supposition on survey-data (2002) from 773 Frenchspeakin g and 469 Flemish-speaking last-grade pupils from secondary schools in the Brussels-Capital Region. The survey probed for knowledge on the nazi-genocide and attitudescales (ethnocentrism and anti-democracy).  The supposition about the connection between knowledge and tollerance, holds partially for the Flemish, but not for the French-speaking sample. Knowledge may be a necessary, but is certainly nota sufficient condition to foster tolerance.
The characteristics of chemistry test items on nationally-standardized school examination in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Karimah Ummul , Retnawati Heri , Hadiana Deni , Pujiastuti Pujiastuti , Yusron Eri
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of chemistry test items in Nationally Standardized School Examination or Ujian Sekolah Berstandar Nasional (USBN), consisted of discrimination index, difficulty index, and question reliability. The data were collected by using documentation of the answers of 194 students. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data analysis was performed by using the classical test theory approach and item response theory with 1 logistical parameter. Meanwhile, qualitative data analysis was conducted to describe the items categorized as difficult and bad categories. The results show that, according to classical test theory, the USBN Chemistry item test has an average level of difficulty of 0.57, which is categorized as moderate. Regarding the discrimination index, the average of different test power obtained is equal to 0.146 and belongs to the good category. Based on the item response theory, the average difficulty index of -0.00086 is categorized as moderate. The results of the estimated reliability of the questions amounted to 0.48 is included in the moderate category. The results of the qualitative analysis show that the items which belong to the difficult category are the items on salt hydrolysis material, acid-base titration, the concept of periodicity, manufacture, and use of chemical compounds according to classical test theory. Meanwhile, according to the theory of response, items that belong to the difficult category were found in acid-base titration material, the colligative solution phenomenon, and the concept of periodicity of the main metal elements.
Assessment and feedback practices in the EFL classroom
Authors: Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri
Published: July 2021

The present study explored the implementation of Language classroom assessment and feedback within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. This research was conducted using a qualitative research design, and the obtained data were analyzed descriptively. Data were collected by conducting direct classroom observation using observation checklists and in-depth interviews with the three professional English instructors using an observation guide. The data were transcribed and coded according to their categories. The findings of the study indicated that the students learning progress were assessed through a short question-answer and completion test. Verbal feedback was merely provided by the teachers, and feedback was given only occasionally. The teacher hardly provided any follow-up action in order to modify their way of teaching. Consequently, there was a slow, gradual improvement of the students' learning achievement. Therefore, teachers were recommended to utilize various classroom language assessments to assess the students' learning. The teachers should provide both verbal and written feedback for their students to enhance their achievement continually.
Hierarchical linear modeling for determining the effect of ICT literacy on mathematics achievement
Authors: Liestari Suci Paramitha , Muhardis Muhardis
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify the effect of ICT literacy on mathematics achievement in grade 8 by using the Indonesian Student Competency Assessment's (Asesmen Kompetensi Siswa Indonesia or AKSI) 2019 questionnaire data. A multistage probability sample of 13,079 students was analyzed using a two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) which student achievement scores are the first level laid in schools as the second level. The results of the analysis revealed that SES, the number of smartphones and computers that students have at home, the availability of ICT at home and school, the use of ICT for education, and perspective on the benefits of ICT in daily life have a positive influence on mathematics literacy achievement, while the easiness of access to the use of digital devices in schools has negative influence at the student level. At the school level, the high mathematics literacy achievement of students is influenced by the location of the school and the number of certified teachers. School accreditation and completeness of learning facilities in schools are not factors upon better students toward their mathematics literacy achievement. However, the interaction between the easiness of access to the use of digital devices in schools and the completeness of learning facilities in schools have an influence in increasing students' mathematics literacy achievement. Based on the diversity component, it is known that the diversity of students' mathematical literacy achievement explained by the student level and school-level variables are 33.24 and 0.18, respectively.
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning assessment in single-sex and co-educational classrooms
Authors: Farisiyah Umi , Kartowagiran Badrun , Hassan Aminuddin Bin
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the effects of Single-Sex and Co-educational classrooms on English learning outcomes. This study is a causal-comparative study in ex post facto design. The sample is three classes consisting of 73 students (boy and girl-single-sex classes and a co-educational class) from a private secondary school in Central Java, Indonesia. An integrated English test was used, equating the 2013 curriculum and CEFR for English. It tested four skills in English consisting of Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing. Expert judgments have already checked the instrument through face validity. Item internal consistency from all skills was good, and the reliability was too, in a good category. This study indicates that organizing a Single-sex classroom in the English learning process has a positive and significant effect on English achievement. Being in a Single-Sex classroom benefitted the students in their outcomes in learning English. This study also implies that teachers, especially English teachers, must understand their students' learning strategies to implement the appropriate learning strategies. It is because male and female students learn something in different ways
Cartas entre Jung e White
Authors: Pansarini de Paula Rodrigues André , Vieitas Vergueiro Paola
Published: July 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a obra “The Jung-White Letters”, destacando a importância do que se considera serem os temas centrais da obra: o arquétipo do Self, sua expressão na psique, sua natureza, dinâmica e propósito, e a imagem de Deus para a psicologia analítica. A metodologia aplicada à pesquisa foi a da análise de conteúdo. Em um debate interdisciplinar, Jung e White trataram de temas como interdisciplinaridade, ciência, teologia; a imagem de Deus para a psicologia analítica; o estudo do cristianismo como expressão do espírito de um tempo ou Zeitgeist; o bem e o mal; os símbolos. Na discussão da obra, destacou-se a existência de indicadores simbólicos de evolução da consciência, individual e coletiva, nas diversas representações de Deus, nas passagens do Velho e do Novo Testamento e na separação dos opostos no cristianismo. Por fim, reafirmou-se a relevância da leitura psicológica que se debruça sobre aspectos históricos e psicológicos da religião e a sua atualidade.
Understanding Questions and Concerns Regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Vaccine Among Populations Presenting at a COVID-19 Vaccine Clinic Hub (Preprint)
Authors: Krishnakumar Hari , Holland Taylor , Martinez Monica , Hendrix Lucas , Collins Michael , Donate Melissa , England Maryann , Kumana Eric , Garcia Joshua , Wilkey Andrew , Akula Niklesh , Mai Ashley , Patel Darpan I
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Skepticism among the public surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine is still prevalent despite vaccine-positive communication and many Americans having already received the vaccine. Side effects of the vaccine as well as its expeditious research and development are among the top concerns among those hesitant to receive the coronavirus vaccine. Moreover, there is additional concern regarding correlation between comorbidities and severity of illness due to the coronavirus pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

To address these areas of concern, we examined the concerns and questions that attendees of the vaccine clinic hub had about the pandemic and the vaccine with the goal of reducing misconceptions and vaccine hesitancy. A secondary aim of the study was to provide public health messaging in the form of an educational video to address the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle during the pandemic.

METHODS

An electronic survey accessible via a QR code on printed flyers was distributed throughout the waiting areas and observation rooms within the COVID-19 vaccine clinic at UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing from April 5-16, 2021. The survey contained questions designed to obtain information on concerns of the clinic attendees, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 vaccine, as well as concerns about their lifestyle and difficulties with chronic health conditions during the pandemic. The data sets were analyzed qualitatively during this two-week period.

RESULTS

Out of 510 attendees, 277 attendees had provided 280 responses to the first question about the vaccine and life after they had received the vaccine. Six areas of interest were identified: immunity, future vaccinations, vaccine symptoms, protocol post-vaccination, vaccine safety, and child vaccinations. Regarding the responses collecting attendees’ concerns regarding their general health or health related concerns, several inquiries were identified surrounding the following health problems: diabetes, hypertension, mental health, sedentary lifestyle, and others that constituted a smaller percentage of questions.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a novel perspective on understanding questions and concerns regarding COVID-19, the COVID-19 vaccine, and general health within a vaccinated population. Attendees of the vaccine clinic hub were found to still have questions even after they had received their vaccine, suggesting that eliminating uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine is not necessary to motivate individuals to receive the vaccine. Instead, addressing concerns through public health messaging can increase vaccine uptake and promote healthy living.
Correction: The Use of Person-Centered Language in Medical Research Journals Focusing on Psoriasis: Cross-sectional Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ottwell Ryan , Heigle Benjamin , Reddy Arjun K , Sajjadi Nicholas , Wirtz Alexis , Cook Courtney , Howard Hannah , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt
Published: July 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Nuevo récord de Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd (Basidiomycota) en Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laguna Mallén, San Pedro de Macorís-República Dominicana
Authors: Jaime De Aza Mayeli , De la Rosa José Guillermo , Santos Báez Héctor Julio
Published: July 2021

Se reporta por primera vez la especie Trametes hirsuta sobre tronco de Hura crepitans L., en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laguna Mallén. T. hirsuta es un hongo fitopatógeno del orden de los polyporales que causa pudrición blanca en madera. Su carpóforo es de color blanquecino a pardoamarillento, con un margen de tonalidad marrón. Son productores de lacasas y degradadores de lignina. Se asientan sobre madera de angiospermas.
Pruebas no paramétricas para determinar la aleatoriedad de los datos en procesos productivos y procedimientos para calcular estadísticas en pareja
Authors: Flores Tapia Carlos Ernesto , Flores Cevallo Karla Lissette
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se aplican pruebas de tipo no paramétrico para determinar la aleatoriedad de los datos muestrales provenientes del registro de producción de la empresa objeto de estudio, ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Estas corridas permiten la identificación de tendencias, irregularidades y agrupaciones en los datos, siendo tales patrones indicativos con respecto a si las variaciones se deben a causas especiales o causas comunes, afectando el control o no del proceso empresarial estudiado, evidenciándose su contribución a la toma de decisiones institucionales. Se aplican también tres técnicas para calcular estadísticas en pareja, destacándose la prueba de promedio de pareja, diferencias de pareja y pendientes en pareja. Lo que demuestra, que tanto las pruebas no paramétricas de corridas de datos como las estadísticas de pareja resultan útiles para contrastar hipótesis, más aún, si estas pruebas se apoyan en herramientas informáticas especializadas que agilitan los tiempos de procesamiento y ahorran costos significativos a las organizaciones, particularmente en escenarios complejos como el generado por la actual crisis del COVID-19.
Editorial
Authors: Erazo Kalil
Published: July 2021

No necesita un resumen.
Demandas estructurales inducidas por vientos huracanados y terremotos en un edificio flexible en la República Dominicana
Authors: Erazo Kalil , Taveras Adela
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis comparativo de las demandas estructurales inducidas por vientos huracanados y terremotos en un edificio flexible diseñado para la ciudad de Santo Domingo en la República Dominicana. La estructura consiste en un edificio de 33 niveles con periodos fundamentales de vibración mayores de 3 segundos en las dos principales direcciones ortogonales, por lo que se considera un edificio flexible. El edificio fue inicialmente diseñado para cumplir con los requerimientos de la normativa vigente para efectos inducidos por terremotos (R-001) sin tomar en consideración los efectos inducidos por vientos huracanados; subsecuentemente, las demandas inducidas por viento fueron estimadas usando el procedimiento direccional del ASCE 07-10, utilizando como base la velocidad de diseño en recientes mapas de amenaza de viento desarrollados para la región del Caribe. Los resultados muestran que para la estructura analizada los efectos de vientos son significativamente mayores a los efectos sísmicos, lo que evidencia la urgencia de actualizar la actual normativa que define las cargas mínimas de diseño por viento de la República Dominicana. La justificación de dicha urgencia es el auge en la construcción de estructuras flexibles (principalmente edificios esbeltos) cuyo comportamiento tiende a ser dominado por efectos inducidos por viento, en especial en regiones de alta recurrencia de huracanes. Las demandas estructurales comparadas incluyen desplazamientos laterales, derivas de entrepiso, cortante basal y momento de vuelco.
Protocolos y topologías utilizadas en los sistemas de comunicación de las microrredes eléctricas
Authors: Aybar Mejía Miguel , Arias Martijena Alejandro , Castillo Ruíz Alexis Alexander , Roa Arias Ángel Isaac , Bidó Cuello Ezequías , García Maimó Javier , Mariano-Hernández Deyslen
Published: July 2021

Las microrredes son sistemas de potencia de baja tensión, que pueden operar en modo aislado o con conexión a la red eléctrica. Estos sistemas cuentan con fuentes de generación distribuida, sistemas de almacenamiento, cargas distribuidas, sistemas de comunicación y sistemas de monitoreo y control. Los sistemas de comunicación implementados en las microrredes son un área de estudio de gran importancia, debido a que para asegurar la continuidad y calidad del servicio eléctrico es necesario que la información de los sistemas se transmita de manera confiable y rápida. Por esta razón se utilizan diferentes topologías de red y protocolos de comunicación, los cuales tienen distintas ventajas dependiendo su aplicación. Este artículo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre las topologías de red y los protocolos de comunicación utilizados en las microrredes, ventajas y desventajas para cada aplicación, así como los protocolos utilizados por las entidades del sector eléctrico de la República Dominicana.
Efectividad del test de sangre oculta en heces por inmunohistoquímica para el tamizaje de lesiones colónicas: serie de casos
Authors: Bayona Lucía , Acra-Tolari Ricardo , Mendoza Valiente Carla , Estrella Vargas Michelle
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el tercer cáncer con mayor incidencia en hombres y en mujeres en la República Dominicana. Se ha encontrado una elevada incidencia entre la presencia sangre oculta en heces (SOH) y la expresión de CCR, al igual que para la de pólipos colorrectales. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar datos tangibles que demostraran el uso de esta prueba como herramienta costo-efectiva capaz de detectar lesiones premalignas de CCR.

Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo, serie de casos, dentro del Hospital General Plaza de la Salud, donde se analizaron pacientes con una prueba de sangre oculta en heces por inmunohistoquímica positiva (SOHi), que luego se realizaron una colonoscopia dentro del periodo de enero 2016 a febrero 2020.

Resultados: se encontraron 378 con pruebas de SOHi positivas, que luego se realizaron colonoscopia, de estos, 90 no presentaron hallazgos patológicos, 128 presentaron pólipos y 160 pacientes presentaron otros tipos de hallazgos patológicos en las colonoscopias.

Conclusión: la prueba de SOHi representa una herramienta costo-efectiva para la detección temprana y prevención de lesiones colorrectales malignas, y recomendamos su uso dentro del tamizaje temprano del cáncer colorrectal.
Editorial. El escrito médico
Authors: Morla Elbi
Published: July 2021

No precisa de resumen.
Índice cintura-talla e índice de masa corporal como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Matos Imbert Ángela M. , Blanco Jiménez Jairo , Rodríguez Xiomara , De La Mota Carina , Fernández Genao Alina , Acevedo Rodríguez Noemí , Rochits Cueto Haydee , Reynoso Rosario Joan M. , Jiménez Azcona Michelle M , Ortiz Hernandez Isi Y.
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: comparar la utilidad del índice cintura-talla y el índice de masa corporal para detectar factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en niños de 5-18 años, atendidos en la consulta externa del Hospital Infantil Regional Universitario Doctor Arturo Grullón en el período octubre-diciembre del año 2016.

Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo, de corte transversal y fuente primaria, con una muestra de 118 pacientes. Se midieron las variables sociodemográficas (edad y sexo), antropométricas (peso, talla, IMC, ICT, PC, TA), y laboratorios (glicemia, ALT, colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL, LDL). Para el análisis cuantitativo se calculó el promedio y la desviación estándar, para el análisis cualitativo se utilizó la prueba estadística chi-cuadrado.

Resultados: tanto el ICT como el IMC detectan de manera similar las alteraciones de la presión arterial sistólica (ICT=15.9 %, IMC=15 %), diastólica (ICT=20.4 %, IMC= 21.8 %), obesidad (ICT=69.5 %, IMC=73.7 %), HDL (ICT=6.8 %, IMC=5.6 %). En relación a la evaluación de la obesidad ambos índices arrojaron resultados afines, 69.5 % para ICT y 73.7 % el IMC. En la valoración de los niveles altos de ALT se obtuvieron resultados similares, presentando el ICT un 8.1 % y el IMC un 8.9 %.

Conclusión: se demostró que tanto el ICT como el IMC son buenos predictores de factores de riesgos cardiometabólicos.
Descripción del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 en República Dominicana
Authors: Martínez Anthony Gutiérrez , Vásquez Moisés , Ferreras Robin , Canto Ivonne , Calderón Katherine
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la diabetes tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica de alto impacto económico con gran capacidad de ser controlada, la misma no tiene ninguna descripción local previa. Su principal causa de mortalidad es los eventos cardiovasculares y el manejo adecuado la disminuye considerablemente.

Objetivo: determinar el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes adultos con diabetes tipo 1 en la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana.

Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico con 39 pacientes en el período de junio a noviembre de 2019. La calculadora “Steno T1 Risk Engine” se utilizó para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular.

Resultados: se obtuvo una relación significativa entre la albuminuria (p = 0.0127), presión arterial sistólica (p = 0.0002), tiempo de diagnóstico (p = 0.0037) y nivel de riesgo cardiovascular. La hemoglobina glucosilada (p = 0,7884) y la actividad física (p = 0.706) no mostraron una relación significativa con el riesgo cardiovascular.

Conclusión: el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular promedio es bajo, con probabilidades <10 % de un evento cardiovascular agudo dentro de los 10 años. Esta herramienta permite incluir una evaluación cardiovascular rutinaria con datos que perfilen el tratamiento orientado a disminuir complicaciones vasculares, mortalidad y aumentar adherencia al tratamiento.
Intumescent structural curve-following fire protection of civil structures and cable lines
Authors: Gravit M. V. , Prusakov V. A. , Korotin I. G. , Timofeev N. S. , Simonenko Ya. B.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The authors claim to have originally invented and introduced structural curve-following intumescent fire protection not only for cabling, but also for civil structures of investment construction projects (also those of buildings and facilities of the oil&gas complex since the operation of the structures is possible also in the maritime and the Arctic climate areas). The fire-protection is roll material with structural reinforcement capable of 3D-swelling at a thermal shock.

Statement of method. Tests have been conducted of retained operability of a cable line in a fire (as per GOST R 533162009) and of the fire-protection efficiency for a cable (as per GOST R 53311–2009). A magnitude 9 seismic impact as per MSK-64 was modeled. To determine the fir-resistance ratings, the fire-protection net was wrapped around columns and beams, as per GOST 30247.1–1994. A check of the fire-protection efficiency of the net (as per GOST 53295–2009) and a thermal analysis of the coating (as per GOST R 53293–2009) were executed.

Results and discussion. In the course of the standard tests, the following fire-protection net parameters were obtained: fire-protection efficiency — 15, 45 and 60 min; fire-resistance ratings of structures (beam) with the fire-protection net R15, R45 and R60; seismic resistance at least magnitude 9 as per MSK; category 1 as per GOST 15150–69 (HL, UHL, Т, ОМ climate designs, open grounds in the specified macro-climatic areas), allowing for retained operation properties of the fire-protection net in Arctic climate within at least 10 years; possibility of dry installation within a temperature range –60...90 °С at 100 % humidity.

Conclusions. A range of intumescent structural curve-following fire-protection materials for different civil structures (also for light thin-wall steel structures (LTWSS)) and cable lines in form of a frost- and oil-resistant polymer compound on non-flammable net base has been developed, certified and launched into serial manufacturing.
On a more precise assessment of coordinates of the seat of fire in the premises
Authors: Tanklevskiy L. T. , Babikov I. A. , Tarantsev A. A. , Zybina O. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The problem of quick identification of fire coordinates in the premises is particularly relevant electrical activation. A number of authors focus on this problem, in particular, they analyze the method of graphic and analytic positioning (хо, уо) of the fire seat in the premises.

Theoretical part. The method developed by the authors makes it possible to identify the coordinates of a fire by reading N values of temperature sensors. The method has the following features: 

a) it is based on the fire model obtained by R. Alpert for premises, and shows that it is necessary to take into account not just the temperature read by temperature sensors, but the value of this temperature in third power;

b) it allows you to determine the coordinates of the seat of fire, not only by the increase in temperature, but also by the speed of its growth, and the result in both cases will be almost the same and independent of either the height of the premises, or time, or the form of fire.

Computer experiment. To verify the obtained expression, a computer experiment was carried out using the example of a warehouse. For two A and B fire variants using R. Alpert model and the specified coordinates of the fronts, using a specially developed computer program, the dynamics of temperature increase ΔTi (t) and the rate of its change were simulated.

Full-Scale experiment. The paper presents the results of a full-scale experiment in which data from 16 thermocouples showing the spread of the thermal field of fire were registered. Using this data in the computer program it was possible to set the coordinates of the fire that corresponded to the real location of the seat of fire.

Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained expression it is possible to set quickly, with acceptable reliability, the coordinates of the seat of fire, which allows to forcefully activate one, two or three sprinklers that are able to fight the fire at the earliest stage with the minimum flow of fire extinguishing agent.
Performance evaluation of video surveillance in fire-fighting systems
Authors: Chlenov A. N. , Butcinskaya T. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Rationale of the topic of this article is the need to improve the effectiveness of fire detection. One of the modern solutions to this problem is the use of video technology. The article is aimed at developing a method to assess the effectiveness of video surveillance in the fire protection system on the basis of the formed mathematical model.

Methods of research. The fire risks theory is used for formation of mathematical model. The potential fire detection risk is introduced as a quantitative measure of the possibility of undetected fire occurrence at the protected facility, development and implementation of its consequences for people and material valuables. It is calculated as the product of the maximum probability of fire by the probability of its non-detection by the technical means and alarm systems used. The efficiency of video surveillance use in the fire protection system is determined on the basis of compliance of the complex risk index of fire non-detection with the permissible value.

Research results. The possibilities of increasing the efficiency of fire detection through the use of video technology are considered. Reducing the fire detection risk can be achieved by using video channel fire detectors that reduce the time it takes to reliably detect a fire. The probability of reliable detection is an important parameter of the detector during its operation in the fire alarm system and characterizes the degree of performance of its main function. The main ways to improve the efficiency of fire detection are the improvement of fire detectors with video channel, the joint use of fire video detectors and other detection devices, such as automatic multi-criteria detectors, thermal imaging сamera, as well as the use of photo and video in centralized surveillance systems.

Conclusions. The offered method of estimation of efficiency of application of video surveillance in fire protection systems can be used for a substantiation of parameters of technical means (systems) of the fire alarm system and passive fire-fighting measures established on the facility.
Determination of conditions for spontaneous combustion of combustible dust deposits on equipment, in ventilation systems, and aspiration systems of buildings and structures
Authors: Vogman L. P. , Korolchenko D. A. , Khryukin A. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Determination of the scientifi cally substantiated frequency of cleaning the ducts of local exhausts of industrial buildings and structures is one of the tasks in the fi eld of fi re safety of industrial enterprises. The paper describes design methods, in particular, a method for determination of the induction period during spontaneous combustion of dust deposits in air ducts of ventilation systems and equipment, which can be used in solving problems focused on the development of preventive measures to ensure their fi re and explosion safety.

Methods. In order to solve the problem set in this paper and compare the indicators obtained in the calculation and analytical part of the studies with the growth dynamics of deposits in real facilities, fi eld tests have been accomplished in the production facilities of the fl our mill of OJSC MK “Voronezhsky” and JSC Concern “Sozvezdiye”.

Results and discussion. The timeframes for cleaning of deposits on ventilation (aspiration) equipment of buildings and structures cannot be universal for various industries and must take into account the dynamics of the growth of deposits depending on the specifi cs of combustible deposits, the workload of the production facilities of the protected object in a given period of time, and the operating conditions of the equipment. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the places of maximum accumulations of deposits are most often formed on the surfaces of joints and on the bends of pipelines of ventilation systems. The conditions of spontaneous combustion of combustible dust are studied by calculation and analytical method, depending on such process characteristics as the speed of the dust-air mixture fl ow in the duct, as well as the diameter of the duct’s cross section.

Conclusions. The nomograms built on the basis of the studies performed can be used to determine the multiplicity of cleaning of combustible dusts of equipment and air ducts of industrial ventilation systems. The paper provides a calculation of the period of induction of spontaneous combustion of combustible dust deposits using the example of rye fl our with asymmetric heat transfer. Its signifi cance is due to the process of accumulation of deposits of combustible dust to a critical thickness in terms of spontaneous combustion conditions.
The potential use of new impulse fire-fighting machinery for qualitatively new large-scale disinfection
Authors: Zakhmatov V. D. , Chernyshov M. V. , Shcherbak N. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. This paper is an overview of the use of standard equipment capable of spraying disinfectants and powders and fi ghting viral infections during a pandemic.

Aims and objectives. The objective of the paper is to substantiate the need to develop a new method of combined disinfection. The following problems are to be tackled to meet this challenge: 1) the study of shock waves and their effi ciency if applied to microorganisms; 2) the substantiation of the effi cient use of the available fi re-fi ghting machinery, standard charges and sample equipment for shock-wave disinfection; 3) the search for the optimal and effective cycle of large-scale disinfection; 4) the compatibility substantiation of the shock-wave mode of large-scale spraying of chemical disinfectants; 5) the development and adjustment of impulse fi re-fi ghting equipment to ensure fl exible disinfection control in a wide range of areas.

Materials and methods. The weaknesses of disinfection by spraying disinfectants and the impossibility of their elimination by upgrading traditional hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, without changing their operating principles, have been demonstrated.

Results and discussion. A new disinfection method, based on the accumulated experience of operation of impulse fi re equipment, is proposed. A disinfection methodology that contemplates the shock-wave destruction of microorganisms has a strong potential. The optimal cycle of spraying disinfectant chemical solutions (DCS) and powders has been substantiated; it assures comprehensive disinfection based on various mechanisms of action: 1) impact compression and prompt heating; 2) pressure relief that destroys microorganisms; 3) convection heating using a squall front that has high-temperature steam whirls; 4) chemical disinfection using micro-drops and DCS vapors sprayed on various surfaces that have irregularities, slots, cracks, irregular shape items.

Conclusions. The proposed advanced equipment has no close substitutes in the world. It is protected by the Russian, Ukrainian and Chinese patents. Its production is expedient if launched at defense plants in operation if suffi cient funding is available.
On A.D. Sheremetev’s fire reform project in Russia
Authors: Smirnova A. A. , Nemchenko S. B. , Prokofieva S. M. , Musienko T. V. , Titova E. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. One of the directions of the state policy in the fi eld of fi re safety is the improvement of national standards in the fi eld of protection of the population from the fi re threat, which should be developed not only taking into account modern challenges and threats, but also based on the historical traditions of state management of the fi re protection of Russia, including pre-revolutionary ones. The purpose of this article is to eliminate gaps in the history of the development of the fi re protection of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century on the basis of archival data; to identify the reasons for the failed attempt of the fi re reform in Russia; show the progressive ideas of Count A.D. Sheremetev to reform the fi re service in Russia: the fi rst attempt to unite fi refi ghting teams of different types into a single fi re-fi ghting organization, the creation of a single governing body for fi refi ghting teams and the inclusion of voluntary fi refi ghting teams in a unifi ed state system of fi re control.

Main part. This paper presents the main provisions of the fi re reform project by A.D. Sheremetev. Archival data from A.D. Sheremetev’s papers in the Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA), allowing to explain little-known chapters of the United Russian Fire-Fighting Society history, are introduced into scientifi c expression. The reasons for the need to implement fi re reform in Russia are explained. The discussion on the ways of reforming the fi re protection of the Russian Empire is considered. The role of A.D. Sheremetev is defi ned not only in the formation of national fi refi ghting voluntary work, but also in the development and discussion of reforming the country’s fi refi ghting industry.

Conclusions. The fi re reform project presented by A.D. Sheremetev clearly illustrates the process of fi lling the state function on emergency prevention and response with specifi c content and shows the dynamics of such specifi cation after the registration of this function in 1853.
Prompt forecasting of heat ﬂows under ﬁre conditions in a vertical steel tank having an ANFIS protective wall
Authors: Stankevich T. S. , Balner D. , Trcka M. , Thomitzek A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Tanks and tank farms are widespread in many constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are among the most important elements of the model for the production, treatment, transportation and processing of oil and oil products. It is relevant both at the Russian and global levels to ensure that ﬁre safety is arranged for tank farms to reduce highest risk levels according to the risk-based safety model. In the context of information and communication technology (ICT) developments and introduction of ICT into the operation and management of various facilities, over the past decades advanced methods have emerged for predicting the occurrence and development of emergency situations at facilities and enhancing management decisions on containment and elimination of emergency situations including ﬁres.

Goals and objectives. In this paper, the authors present a model that they developed to promptly forecast heat ﬂows using artiﬁcial neural networks. The forecast model will improve the safety of ﬁre brigade personnel responsible for extinguishing ﬁres inside ground-based vertical steel tanks having protective walls. In the research, the authors place special emphasis on identifying dependence between the heat ﬂow and the wind load. Methods. To achieve this goal, the authors arranged and conducted a series of experiments, collected experimental data on heat ﬂows, and created training and test samples.

Results. Dependences between heat ﬂows and environmental factors were identiﬁed by constructing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems or adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Various types of membership functions, optimisation and system generation methods were compared and it was found out that for ANFISs, prediction of heat ﬂows with regard to and disregarding wind loads were optimal, if subcluster and hybrid optimisation methods were used, as they had lowest error values for samples.

Discussion. The analysis shows that wind speed and tank location can rise temperatures of the air, tank wall and petrol. Therefore, despite the complexity of the analysis, the regard for all these factors makes it possible to identify a safe distance between a burning tank and ﬁreﬁghters.

Conclusions. The research made it possible to develop a model for prompt heat ﬂow forecasting with the help of artiﬁcial intelligence elements (ANFIS). The results obtained in the course of the work make it possible to increase the efﬁciency of prompt forecasting of the dynamic behaviour of ﬁre inside tanks and tank farms and optimize managerial decision-making by responsible persons.
Field modeling of the ﬁre dynamics as an answer to the question about the ﬁre alarm performance
Authors: Khasanov I. R. , Karpov A. V. , Lobova S. F. , Petrova N. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The performance of a ﬁre alarm needs to be analyzed to answer the question about its compliance with ﬁre safety requirements. This type of research is frequently performed in the course of a forensic ﬁre investigation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conditions of ﬁre escalation and safe evacuation of people to assess the ﬁre alarm performance.

Purposes and objectives. The purpose of this work is the numerical study of the impact, produced by mathematical models of combustion, characteristics of ﬁre loads and locations of ﬁre beds, on ﬁre alarm performance. Methods. Fire dynamics was ﬁeld modeled to achieve the goal of this research. The analysis of ﬂame propagation was performed with regard for various ﬁre bed locations to simulate the ﬁre alarm operation.

Results and discussion. The fulﬁllment of safe evacuation conditions for cases of irregular arrangement of smoke detectors was analyzed to develop and test the algorithm for the calculation of the evacuation start time. It is shown that the estimated time of ﬁre detection depends on combustion models employed (their average or complex level), the size of the computational grid, ﬁre load speciﬁcations and the location of the ﬁre bed.

Conclusions. It is shown that the results of the ﬁeld modeling of ﬁre propagation and detection time are inﬂuenced by combustion models used, ﬁre load speciﬁcations and the location of the ﬁre bed in relation to smoke detectors. If the ﬁre alarm fails to perform its functions and, consequently, safe evacuation conditions are not fulﬁlled, it is necessary either to improve the combustion model or to compare the modeling results obtained for actual and standard smoke detector location patterns.
Various electrical ﬁres and ﬁreﬁghting methods
Authors: Aleshkov M. V. , Ioshchenko D. A. , Olkhovsky I. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Fires of voltage-carrying electrical units are most dangerous and difﬁcult to put out. Personnel of ﬁre emergency response units are at high risk of electric shock when extinguishing such ﬁres. Electrical units have recently obtained a new are of application, that is, electric cars. Electric car design entails the use of high-capacity batteries and high voltage electrical equipment, which pose a higher ﬁre hazard. The objective of this article is to analyze potential assets to be protected and assess existing electrical ﬁre extinguishing methods to substantiate principal areas of research into design of safe ﬁre extinguishing systems designated for electrical units installed on motor vehicles.

Main (Analytical) part. The ﬁre extinguishing of the items, that have electrical units to be extinguished without any electricity outage, must be performed by the ﬁre departments that have appropriately trained and equipped personnel. However, in the event of an electric car ﬁre, it is impossible to forecast which ﬁre department will be nearby and how well it will be equipped. The design features of electric vehicles show that potential sources of the ﬁre hazard include lithium batteries and electrical circuit elements. These factors explain the need to consider the problem of extinguishing self-contained electrical ﬁres inside motor vehicles from the standpoint of electrical safety. It is suggested to identify the ﬁre extinguishing method in furtherance of the analysis of a set of principal ﬁre extinguishing methods with regard for the design of efﬁcient ﬁreﬁghting appliances that ensure safe extinguishing of electric car ﬁres.

Conclusions. It is expedient to use the pulse application of a ﬁre-extinguishing agent that prevents current leakage while extinguishing various types of electrical appliances, including those installed on motor vehicles. The effects of exothermic reactions, involving lithium-containing elements, were not analyzed when solving this problem. This research will serve as the basis for conceptual technological solutions designated for ﬁre emergency response units responsible for extinguishing electric car ﬁres.