bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la patria criolla a la historia de la nación
Authors: Florescano Enrique
Published: January 2016

La independencia política de España y la decisión de realizar un proyecto político nacional crearon un sujeto nuevo de la narración histórica: el Estado nacional. Por primera vez, en lugar de un territorio fragmentado y gobernado por poderes extraños, los mexicanos consideraron su país, las diferentes partes que lo integraban, su población y su pasado coma una entidad unitaria. A partir de entonces, independientemente de las contradicciones internas, la nación se contempló como una entidad territorial, social y política que tenía un origen, un desarrollo en el tiempo y un futuro comunes. El surgimiento de una entidad política que integraba en si misma las diferentes partes de la nación fue el nuevo sujeto de la historia que unificó la diversidad social y cultural de la población en una búsqueda conjunta de identidad nacional.
Presentación
Authors: Muñoz Laura
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Neocesarismo y constitucionalismo : el caso Chávez y Venezuela, Kaplan, Marcos
Authors: López Portillo T. Felícitas
Published: January 2016

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La imagen de un héroe y un monumento: Cuauhtémoc, 1887-1913
Authors: Salazar Torres Citlali
Published: January 2016

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La población de la ciudad de México en 1777
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: January 2016

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis demográfico de la capital del virreinato de Nueva España en el momento de máximo esplendor del reformismo carolino, a partir del estudio del padrón del arzobispado de México de 1777.

El análisis de la información registrada en dicho padrón sobre la ciudad de México se plantea en dos niveles. Por una parte, se propone la comparación de la urbe con el conjunto de la archidiócesis, lo cual permite visualizar las particularidades demográficas que presentaba la capital novohispana con relación al resto del virreinato. Por otra parte, se establece un desglose y contraste a nivel parroquial, base territorial sobre la que se levantó el padrón, con el propósito de sacar a la luz los grandes contrastes internos de la ciudad, los cuales constituían una de las notas más características de su fisonomía urbana. Como parte del análisis, nos proponemos también entrar en la problemática de la evolución demográfica de la ciudad a lo largo del siglo XVIII.

 

 
El primer experimento centralista en Yucatán: el proyecto de gobierno de José Segundo Carvajal (1829-1831)
Authors: Flores Escalante Justo Miguel
Published: January 2016

El artículo tiene como finalidad abordar el ámbito político de 1829-1831 desde el enfoque de la cultura política, haciendo hincapié en el campo de las ideas, en los discursos y debates más que en la práctica. En ese sentido abordamos el centralismo yucateco de 1829-1831, pues constituye un proyecto de gobierno sui generis en México ya que se adelanta varios años a la Primera República Central Mexicana. En él se plantean la visión de soberanía unitaria del centralismo contra el contractualismo; el fortalecimiento de los poderes ejecutivo y judicial frente al legislativo; la disposición de crear una democracia dirigida y,  con ello, de excluir al grueso de la sociedad en cuanto a la ciudadanía y los procesos electorales. Para lograr lo anterior, se recurría a una mezcla de ideas liberales de Locke, Constant, Montesquieu con las de antiguo régimen.

 

 
Reseña del libro: Formación empresarial, fomento industrial y compañías agrícolas en el México del siglo XIX, Trujillo Bolio, Mario ; Contreras Valdés, José Mario, eds.
Authors: Collado Herrera María del Carmen
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: La participación política en la primavera guatemalteca : una aproximación a la historia de los partidos durante el periodo 1944-1954, Rodríguez de Ita, Guadalupe
Authors: Sosa Álvarez Ignacio
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Sanidad y modernización en los puertos del Alto Caribe, 1870-1915, Ronzón, José
Authors: Rodríguez Días María del Rosario
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: El espacio generador de identidades locales. Análisis comparativo de dos comunidades: San Pedro de los Pinos y El Ocotito, Pensado Leglise, Patricia, coord.
Authors: Ramírez Kuri Patricia
Published: January 2016

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Pensar la revolución mexicana: tres horizontes de interpretación
Authors: Guerra Manzo Enrique
Published: January 2016

El presente ensayo pasa revista a los principales exponentes de cada una de las tres generaciones de estudiosos de la revolución mexicana de 1910 que se han sucedido en el siglo XX, y presta especial atención a los horizontes de interpretación sobre los que han colocado a ésta y a sus resultados. Su argumento central es que si hoy queremos superar el empantanamiento en que ha caído la literatura revisionista, la última de las tres generaciones, no sólo debemos precisar los mapas del debate sino también reparar en la necesidad de combinar una doble perspectiva metodológica, la del compromiso (posición asumida por las dos primeras generaciones) y el distanciamiento (postura central del revisionismo).

 
Reseña del libro: Manantial de historias : el barrio La Fama Montañesa, 1939-1980, Camarena Ocampo, Mario ; Rosas Olvera, Alejandra, coords.
Authors: Pensado Leglise María Patricia
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: La política exterior mexicana ante la nueva doctrina Monroe, 1904-1907, Corzo González, Diana
Authors: Gutiérrez Márquez Harim B.
Published: January 2016

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La radiodifusión en Santa Marta (Colombia) 1930-1940
Authors: Elías Caro Jorge Enrique
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo, de carácter histórico, a través del cual se pretende dar respuesta a la interrogante ¿Cómo fue el origen y posterior desarrollo de la Radiodifusión en Santa Marta?, al tiempo que se muestran los aspectos culturales y la dinámica social que tuvieron las emisoras. Es de precisar que estos primeros intentos se sitúan entre 1930 y 1940, y que para la recopilación de la información se utilizaron básicamente fuentes orales, el  periódico “El Estado”, la Gaceta Departamental y la documentación que reposa en el Archivo Histórico del Magdalena  Grande.
Desarrollo humano en el estado de Oaxaca, 1995-2000
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , Corona Ambriz Alejandro
Published: January 2016

Como alternativa a los métodos de medición convencionales, en el artículo se hizo una valoración del desarrollo de Oaxaca, en el periodo 1995-2000, que muestra una perspectiva del conjunto de funcionamientos estatal y municipales, utilizando tres indicadores de desarrollo: índice de desarrollo humano (idh) con producto interno bruto per cápita (idhp); idh con servicios (idhs) e idh relativo al género (idg); un estimador de inequidad (1-InQidhp), estimando el coeficiente de Gini sobre el idhp (InQidhp) y, otro de calidad, midiendo la efectividad con la que Oaxaca y sus municipios emplean su ingreso para un mejor desarrollo, contrastando el idhs con el ingreso. Los resultados muestran avances relativos, el idhp estatal creció 6.2% (7.89% el idhs), siendo menor que el nacional y el alcanzado por otras entidades; significativa desigualdad de género; poca efectividad en el empleo del ingreso para su desarrollo humano (DH) y, distribución inequitativa del mismo entre los municipios.
Reseña del libro: La guerra de independencia en Córdoba, Veracruz : narración de un testigo, Náveda Chávez-Hita, Adriana, comp.
Authors: Ruiz Berenice
Published: January 2016

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Panorama de los avatares de la estructura administrativa de la Hacienda pública en Sonora, 1830-1876
Authors: Donjuan Espinoza Esperanza , Trejo Contreras Zulema
Published: January 2016

En el ensayo que presentamos se hace un análisis panorámico de la estructura institucional de la hacienda en Sonora, basado primordialmente en la legislación expedida al respecto por el congreso estatal. Se describe y analiza su organigrama y funcionamiento a lo largo de cuarenta y seis años, enfatizando los cambios que se produjeron a raíz del establecimiento de diferentes sistemas de gobierno: república federal, centralista, dictadura y monarquía. Se destacan en el trabajo las fortalezas y debilidades de la hacienda sonorense en el XIX, así como los intentos de reforma que empezaron a desarrollarse a inicios de la década de 1850, y quedaron truncos por el advenimiento de la última presidencia de Santa Ana
Reseña del libro: The vays of the water : a reconstruction of huastecan nahua society through its oral tradition, Hooft, Anuschka van‘t
Authors: Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio
Published: January 2016

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María Concepción Martínez Omaña (coord. e intr.), El agua en la memoria: cambios y continuidades en la ciudad de México, 1940-2000
Authors: De Garay Graciela
Published: January 2016

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Acción social y nuevo estado liberal en Argentina. La participación de las mujeres en las instituciones del modelo mixto de atención de necesidades en el Centro y Sur bonaerenses
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda
Published: January 2016

 

A fines del siglo XIX y en el marco de la consolidación del poder político en Argentina, encontramos una serie de vacíos que el Estado iba dejando, que fueron ocupados por el accionar de asociaciones emanadas de la sociedad civil, en las que mujeres de los pueblos abordados en este trabajo adquirieron una presencia destacada. 

En el presente artículo buscamos analizar las relaciones entre ese Estado en formación y las instituciones locales destinadas a la atención de la salud y la educación, en comunidades del centro y sur bonaerenses, espacios no estudiados  hasta el momento en esta clave, en el tránsito hacia el siglo XX cuando se resignificaron las funciones e importancia de organizaciones tradicionales como las abocadas a la práctica de la beneficencia, muchas de ellas de fuerte impronta católica.
Santiago Myrna, The ecology of oil: environment, labor and the Mexican revolution 1900-1983
Authors: Tortolero Villaseñor Alejandro
Published: January 2016

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Un vecindario federal. Políticas oficiales y “servicios a la patria” en la frontera sur bonaerense durante el gobierno de Rosas. 97-127
Authors: Lanteri Sol
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se sostiene que la implementación de políticas singulares de colonización en la frontera sur de Buenos Aires (Azul y Tapalqué) por el gobierno de Rosas contribuyó, junto a otras cuestiones, a generar un “vecindario federal” que legitimó y defendió al territorio fronterizo y a la federación rosista mediante el servicio de armas, inclusive hasta su caída en 1852. Mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de fuentes complementarias, se reconstruye el perfil y la praxis efectiva de diversos agentes que intervinieron en el proceso –como campesinos e indígenas-, destacando las reciprocidades y contraprestaciones de bienes y recursos por servicios públicos entabladas entre el gobierno y la población vernácula, que complejizan las tradicionales lecturas historiográficas de corte unilateral y coercitivo en la relación entre los caudillos y las sociedades rurales en Iberoamérica.
Ana Frega (coord.), Historia regional e independencia del Uruguay: proceso histórico y revisión crítica de sus relatos
Authors: Buriano Ana
Published: January 2016

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¿Quién paga los gastos de la representación política? Las dietas de los diputados de la provincia de México en el primer Congreso Constituyente mexicano
Authors: Garrido Asperó María José
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza las dificultades por las que  atravesó la Diputación Provincial de México para pagar los gastos de la representación política en el primer Congreso Constituyente mexicano. En él se propone que fueron la crisis económica y la parálisis administrativa las razones que explican el fracaso del primer intento de construcción de un Estado independiente. En ese contexto, el tema de las dietas se convirtió en uno más de los muchos asuntos que indispusieron los ánimos entre Agustín de Iturbide y el Congreso y se relacionó con otros de gran trascendencia en el proceso de construcción del Estado-nación, como fueron el sistema de representación política y el quórum del Congreso, es decir, con la legitimidad del poder legislativo. También permite observar el surgimiento de una nueva y distinta ocupación, la del legislador.
Los niños y jóvenes infractores de la ciudad de México, 1920-1937
Authors: Santiago Antonio Zoila
Published: January 2016

El objetivo del artículo es contribuir al estudiode la infancia en la ciudad de México entre 1920y 1937. Mediante los expedientes del Tribunalpara Menores Infractores pretendemos acercarnos a los niños y jóvenes pobres de la ciudad,desglosar su situación social y económica de losmenores infractores. En una primera parte deltexto se analizan algunas de las institucionesque aparecieron durante las primeras décadasdel siglo XXque tenían como propósito resguardar a la infancia desvalida. Al mismotiempo, describimos cómo estos grupos se apropiaron de estas instituciones, utilizándolas comouna estrategia más de sobrevivencia. Se trata dereconstruir el contexto social en el que se desenvolvieron cientos de niños y jóvenes pobres dela ciudad de México, principalmente su situación familiar y su vida en la calle.
“Atender las necesidades del vecindario”: las políticas de la Junta de Administración Civil de Jalapa para evitar la carestía y la especulación de alimentos, 1914-1917
Authors: Jiménez Marce Rogelio
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las actividadesque la Junta de Administración Civil deJalapa emprendió para evitar el desabasto dealimentos entre 1914 y 1917. A mediados de1914, las autoridades municipales recibieronquejas de que faltaban alimentos en la ciudad,por lo que autorizaron varias medidas tendentesa acopiar granos e impedir que los comerciantesaumentaran sus precios. Con el fin deconciliar intereses, los comerciantes propusieroncrear un fondo regulador, el cual tendría lafunción de moderar los costos de los granos yevitar que fueran objeto de especulación. A pesarde las buenas intenciones, la carencia de alimentosy los abusos no desaparecieron, aunqueel desabasto no alcanzó proporciones tan dramáticascomo aconteció en otras regiones delpaís.
Para leer un manual de historia. Una mirada desde las herramientas de análisis
Authors: Zavala Ana
Published: January 2016

A la inversa de muchas rutas de investigación que llegan a la conclusión de que los manuales de historia están al servicio de objetivos no estrictamente cognitivos (como por ejemplo la construcción de distintas identidades), este trabajo se propone partir de esta conclusión para desde ella proporcionar nuevas herramientas de análisis para la lectura de un manual de historia. Aspira luego a explorar en profundidad la relación que el texto del manual guarda con los conocimientos historiográficos de los cuales sus autores son o eran portadores. Es desde allí que se propone ofrecer una serie de herramientas de análisis, al servicio de los profesores de historia principalmente, que apuntan a desentrañar las maneras en las que el vínculo del texto del manual con otros textos –en particular los historiográficos– es operado por su/s autor/es.
A Comparative Study on the Theories of Highway Planning
Authors: Wang Yuanqing
Published: January 2016

On the con text of traffic planning development and its application, the author analyses the theories of highway network planning and its practicalities in China. The highway network planning to conduct a comprehensive comparison of the two schools, points out the characteristics of each theory, the operation characteristics of adaptability and cost planning of regional circumstances in different sizes for easy selection of applications in the future depending on the purpose and conditions of the plan.
The BRICS nations and their priorities
Authors: Przygoda Miroslaw
Published: January 2016

The so-called “BRICS nations” have recently proven to be the most fascinating group of worldwide economies that collaborate with each other. The name is an acronym for an association comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, they are however distinguished by their large, rapidly growing economies and their significant impact on regional and global affairs. Before the inclusion of South Africa, the organisation was known as BRIC. On 13 April 2011, when South Africa joined the group, BRIC gained the letter “S”. The name “BRIC” itself was used for the first time by Jim O’Neill, a British economist of Goldman Sachs. Published in November 2001 and then widespread, O’Neill’s forecast predicted that by the half of the 21st century those countries would have become world powers. As of 2014, the BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people – approximately 40% of the entire world population. The five nations have a combined nominal GDP of US$ 16.039 trillion, equivalent to approximately 20% of the gross world product, and an estimated US$ 4 trillion in combined foreign reserves. Since 2010, the representatives of the BRICS government have been meeting annually at formal summits. The nations within this group do not form a political alliance or an official trade association. The priorities of the members are as follows: Development of a new currency system; Reforming the United Nations, Increasing the role of developing countries in the international monetary institutions. Having regard to the emerging political and economic changes on a global scale, the BRICS nations have been undertaking new ventures and initiatives aimed to make them key players on the international arena. Today, it is really captivating to see to what extent those intentions are real and exercisable.
Doing Business In..: A Class Exercise For International Accounting
Authors: Neidermeyer Presha E.
Published: January 2016

International accounting is taught in the curriculum of about one-third of the largest institutions in the US.  Within the context of this course, many instructors will attempt to cover a diverse array of business topics while integrating financial reporting standards worldwide.   This breadth of topics is frequently challenging in obtaining a cohesive set of knowledge for the enrolled students.  The use of a research paper documenting the business practices within a particular country and the subsequent presentation to either the international accounting class or preferably a larger audience can serve as a tool for organizing students’ understanding of the breadth of the material and having individual students present a deeper depth of understanding within the selected country.
Poland's Transition In Business Education
Authors: Leven Bozena
Published: January 2016

Prior to Poland's transition from central planning to a market system, which began in 1990, schools of business were non-existent in that country. Instead, university level instruction on economics during the socialist period was closely tied to ideological priorities, and limited to imparting skills suitable for planned economy. All universities were owned by the state, heavily politicized, and solely focused on supporting a centrally planned economy.  There was no meaningful attempt to impart, or even describe, market oriented theories, leaving Poland almost wholly without the basic human capital needed to run a market economy. This backdrop makes higher education reform particularly crucial for Poland’s continued economic development and, to date, marketization has fundamentally transformed that sector.  Poland’s current higher education system is now compatible with those of many Western European countries, relies on standard Western curricula, and enjoys significant academic autonomy, which exceeds that of some more developed Western countries. This sector has also seen an unprecedented growth in economics and business programs enrollments, along with the formation of private universities.  Indeed, the depth and rapidity of Poland's progress in reforming higher education stands in marked contrast to that of other former centrally planned economies, and may serve as an interesting case study for potential reforms in Russia and other former Soviet republics.  In this paper we describe the progress and effects of several major reforms in Poland's higher business education, examining changes in funding, potential funding sources, the structure of faculty governance, educational programs and degrees granted, the formation of new curricula, and Poland’s system of faculty promotion. Following this examination, we identify and discuss a number of continuing systemic obstacles to further progress in this area, and discuss how they might be addressed.  In addition, we apply Western metrics to assess and evaluate the impact of reform on the current and future quality of Poland's business education. One consequence of Poland's transition to a market economy is its high level of governmental involvement in income redistribution policies,  and  a  quasi-monopolistic position regarding the provision of such services as for example, health care, and quality higher education .  Because these governmental policies have parallels in the experiences of European countries, those experiences provide insights into possible outcomes upon which various policy recommendations for Poland may be drawn.
Communication Skills For Women In The World Of Corporate Business: Getting It Right And Moving Up!
Authors: Berry Priscilla
Published: January 2016

This article explores, in general, three areas for leadership communication that women in business need to master.  Indeed, there are more than three, but the focus here is on:  the need to master the art of successfully confronting the problem when it appears, the process of leading a team, the special requirements of communicating with men. An exploration of these three areas shows that the vital and often missing link is opportunity for females to practice and feedback from male mentors and counterparts. The report also lists the top 10 strategies that women need in order to be perceived as successful leaders and communicators.
Diálogos entre a Hermenêutica Filosófica e o Neoconstitucionalismo: Entre Arbítrios e Correções
Authors: Rodrigues Saulo Tarso , Martín Nuria Belloso
Published: January 2016

O constitucionalismo do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial caracteriza-se por um profundo reconhecimento da força normativa das constituições, remodelando a atuação das instituições do Estado. Na Europa, essa transformação no direito constitucional repercutiu no que ficou conhecido como movimento neoconstitucionalista, que, dentre outros aspectos, modificou o papel do Judiciário, a partir da admissão de elementos discricionários nas decisões judiciais. Neste contexto, o presente artigo visa a demonstrar a contradição democrática que existe na aceitação da discricionariedade na atuação do Judiciário. Assim, a proposta, a partir da matriz teórica de Lenio Streck, objetiva se afastar das teses neoconstitucionalistas. Para tanto, é feita uma retomada da crítica ao positivismo, a fim de que se possa demonstrar as relações existentes entre a proposta neoconstitucionalista e o positivismo jurídico, especialmente no que diz respeito aos parâmetros da subjetividade e arbitrariedade.
Direito Econômico do Petróleo: Os Royalties do Pré-Sal e o STF
Authors: Duarte Francisco Carlos , Pinto Alcides Goelzer de Araújo Vargas e
Published: January 2016

O artigo analisa as inovações regulatórias que vieram após a descoberta do pré-sal, verificando, ainda, as políticas públicas que deverão ser implementadas com os recursos do pré-sal e que deverão modificar a realidade socioeconômica do Brasil. A remodelagem nacional está, na verdade, nas mãos do STF, que julgará a nova distribuição dos royalties do pré-sal e poderá trazer mais equidade entre os entes federados. Para tal fim, foi necessária a utilização da metodologia teórico-descritiva, buscando a compreensão, do ponto de vista jurídico-econômico, das normas que regulam o pré-sal, e de pesquisa bibliográfica correspondente ao tema, bem como do método indutivo, pois se trata de assunto atual e sem entendimento fixado, de essencial importância para preencher as lacunas daquilo não debatido pela sociedade. Assim, será necessário examinar algumas noções históricas fundamentais sobre a intervenção do Estado no petróleo pátrio. O artigo ainda discorrerá sobre as enormes vantagens que os Estados “produtores” possuem em detrimentos dos “não produtores” e como isso afeta os desequilíbrios regionais existentes. Posteriormente será analisada a Lei 12.734/12 e verificado que a mesma atende os princípios constitucionais da eficiência, da dignidade da pessoa humana e da busca pela erradicação da pobreza, pois promove uma melhor equação sobre as receitas advindas da exploração petrolífera. Finalmente compreender-se-á que o Brasil deixou de realizar uma política de governo e passou a realizar uma política de Estado, pois a obrigatoriedade de investimentos na educação e na saúde com os recursos provenientes dos royalties do pré-sal certamente contribuirá para efetivar direitos fundamentais.
Of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the Right to Health: Symbolic or Effective?
Authors: Lima Fernando Rister de Sousa
Published: January 2016

A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar se o desempenho do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre o direito à saúde resulta em eficácia ou em simbolismo. O estudo foi feito por meio de uma pesquisa teórica e investigação empírica. A coleta de dados concentrou-se em sociologia teórica, dando destaque ao livro “Teoria de Sistemas”, de Niklas Luhmann, que foi usado na identificação da racionalidade legal, inclusão social, complexidade, contingência, justiça, e funções dos Tribunais, do Sistema Político e do Sistema Legal. Na referência teórica, a conceptualização da expressão: “simbólico” é extremamente rica, ao ponto de encontrar-se uma rotineira confusão semântica; para evitá-la, este trabalho abrange a tese desenvolvida por Marcelo Neves em seu livro: A Constitucionalização Simbólica, no qual ele desenvolve um debate sobre o simbolismo de normas constitucionais. Para a pesquisa empírica, pelos métodos de pesquisa, fez-se uma investigação documental, coletada dos principais precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Brasileiro. O resultado da pesquisa compôs um paradoxo. Descobriu-se que o Supremo Tribunal Federal, em um ponto de vista restrito aos litigantes, procura uma eficácia ilusória do direito à saúde, que é simbólica, tanto quanto o juiz de uma racionalidade exclusiva adjudicatória, negando-se, consequentemente, a ver a questão como distributiva, como um problema de distribuição de riqueza, que, em uma macro perspectiva, causa o risco de corrupção no sistema político para forçar a administração pública a distribuir uma riqueza que às vezes nem mesmo existe, e também exclui a maior parte da população, que não tem acesso a este Tribunal ou que indiretamente está pressionada considerando-se os recursos divergidos da saúde pública para concluir suas decisões.
A Responsabilidade Pré-Contratual Trabalhista e a Exigência do Atestado de Antecedentes Criminais do Candidato ao Emprego
Authors: Silva Rita Daniela Leite da , Knoerr Fernando Gustavo
Published: January 2016

Analisa-se a licitude da exigência efetuada pelo empregador, como requisito para a admissão do candidato a vaga de emprego, da apresentação de certidão de antecedentes criminais negativa, além dos casos disciplinados na Lei 7.102/83. Para tanto, é analisado os direitos da personalidade inerentes ao candidato, bem como os direitos inerentes ao empregador. Por fim, é analisado a possibilidade de aplicação da responsabilidade civil pré-contratual na relação de trabalho, à luz da dispensa do candidato ao emprego justificada na exigência de certidão de antecedentes criminais.
Indenizações Punitivas no Sistema Brasileiro
Authors: Biazi Danielle Portugal de
Published: January 2016

O estudo que se segue tem por objetivo a disciplina da indenização punitiva no direito brasileiro. Pontos nevrálgicos como a natureza da reparação por danos morais e o quantum indenizatório são estudados. A conceituação da indenização punitiva é trabalhada a fim de propiciar a correta diferenciação entre os sistemas civil law e common law no âmbito da responsabilidade civil. Por fim, analisou-se a perspectiva da implantação do modelo punitivo no Brasil, avaliando não apenas as doutrinas favoráveis, mas também a posição jurisprudencial e legislativa que possam afetar a aplicação da indenização punitiva, bem como a possibilidade de condenações voltadas à fundos públicos.
Os Cuidados de Saúde Transfronteiriços: Problemática em Torno do “Erro Médico”
Authors: António Isa Filipa
Published: January 2016

A directiva sobre cuidados de saúde transfronteiriços reflecte a preocupação da União Europeia com o direito humano à saúde, consubstanciado no direito de acesso aos cuidados de saúde, em termos de universalidade, equidade e qualidade. Através desta directiva europeia, os Estados-membros não podem vedar o livre acesso dos cidadãos não nacionais aos seus sistemas de saúde, tendo de assegurar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados em termos idênticos aos proporcionados aos seus cidadãos nacionais. A questão que suscitamos neste trabalho prende-se com o “erro médico”, com o desrespeito pela leges artis ad hoc medicinae ou com a violação dos princípios europeus constantes na directiva e tratados, no decurso da prática dos cuidados de saúde transfronteiriços. Dito doutro modo, qual o regime jurídico que é aplicável e quais os mecanismos jurídicos que o doente lesado poderá accionar com vista ao ressarcimento dos seus danos? Será aplicável a legislação sobre responsabilidade médica do “Estado-membro de tratamento” e simultaneamente os mecanismos de contencioso europeu ou, em alternativa, somente estes últimos porquanto estamos no âmbito de cuidados transfronteiriços de carácter jurídico europeu?
Majorization and doubly stochastic operators
Authors: Ljubenovic Martin
Published: January 2016

We present a close relationship between row, column and doubly stochastic
operators and the majorization relation on a Banach space ?p(I), where I is
an arbitrary non-empty set and p ? [1,?]. Using majorization, we point out
necessary and sufficient conditions that an operator D is doubly stochastic.
Also, we prove that if P and P-1 are both doubly stochastic then P is a
permutation. In the second part we extend the notion of majorization between
doubly stochastic operators on ?p(I), p ? [1,?), and consider relations
between this concept and the majorization on ?p(I) mentioned above.
Moreover, we give conditions that generalized Kakutani?s conjecture is true.
Modelling obsidian trade routes during late Neolithic in the south-east Banat region of Vrsac using GIS
Authors: Maric Miroslav
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the possible trajectory of the
movement of the obsidian that was brought to the region of present day Vrsac
from Carpathian 1 and Carpathian 2 sources, located between Kosice and
Miskolc (the present day border area between Hungary and Slovakia). This
objective has been fulfilled using computer aided modelling performed within
the constraints of geographic information system software based on the
physical characteristics of the terrain and the reconstruction of
paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the period of the late
Neolithic. The second largest obsidian collection in the territory of Vinca
culture originates from the site of Potporanj, south of Vrsac. The abundance
of finds indicates the importance this region had in the distribution of this
resource during late Neolithic. In the paper the modelling of two different
possibilities of land based distribution from the flow of the river Tisza are
shown; the first from Perlez/Opovo (western route) and the other from Mure?
(northern route), i.e. present day Arad and Timi?oara. The modelled results
indicate the existence of a settlement patterning close to the modelled
pathways in the period of Vinca culture.
Pottery manufacture in the Studenica Monastery: Preliminary considerations
Authors: Bikic Vesna
Published: January 2016

Relying on indicative finds of clay rods, the article examines different
aspects of pottery production in the Studenica Monastery. Apart from
identifying the pottery kiln and manufacture area, several questions are
raised concerning the organization of pottery production and its users.
Explanation of the production context enables us to understand the place of
this monastery in the economy of the early Nemanjic state.
The effects of attitudes towards violence on violent behaviour among secondary school students: Moderation by gender and aggressiveness
Authors: Oljaca Milan , Dinic Bojana , Sokolovska Valentina
Published: January 2016

The aim of this research was to explore the effects of attitudes towards
violence on different forms of violence behaviour among secondary school
students. The moderator roles of gender and aggressiveness in relationships
between attitude and violence were also tested. The Bullying Attitudinal
Scale, the Peer Violence and Victimisation Questionnaire (PVVQ), and the
Aggressiveness questionnaire AVDH were administered on the sample of 643
second- to fourth-grade secondary school students from urban area (61.7%
boys)grade. The results have shown that among boys more positive attitudes
towards violence had significant effect on direct violence forms - physical
and verbal, but that it depended on aggressiveness whether violence would be
manifested as physical. Namely, the boys with more positive attitudes towards
violence, who, at the same time, scored higher on aggressiveness, were more
prone to physical violence. Unlike them, the boys with more positive
attitudes towards violence but with lower aggressiveness were less prone to
physical aggression. In the case of verbal violence, it has been shown that
boys with more positive attitudes towards violence were more prone to verbal
violence, regardless of aggressiveness. Aggressiveness had a unique
contribution to the prediction of verbal violence and only a significant
effect in the prediction of relational violence. The importance of changing
the attitudes towards violence in the context of violence prevention is
discussed.
A new characterization of computable functions
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz
Published: January 2016

Let En ={xi = 1; xi + xj = xk; xi ∙ xj = xk : i; j; k ∊ {1;. . . ; n}}. We present two algorithms. The first accepts as input any computable function f : ℕ → ℕ and returns a positive integer m( f ) and a computable function g which to each integer n ≥ m( f ) assigns a system S ⊆ En such that S is satisfiable over integers and each integer tuple (x1;. . .; xn) that solves S satisfies x1 = f (n). The second accepts as input any computable function f: ℕ → ℕ and returns a positive integer w( f ) and a computable function h which to each integer n ≥ w( f ) assigns a system S ⊆ En such that S is satisfiable over non-negative integers and each tuple (x1;. . .; xn) of non-negative integers that solves S satisfies x1 = f (n).
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Climate in 2015
Authors:   Climate Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Climate would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Diseases in 2015
Authors:   Diseases Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Diseases would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Divergent Effects of Arsenic on NF-κB Signaling in Different Cells or Tissues: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Meng , Liu Jiaming , Xu Mengchuan , Rui Dongsheng , Xu Shangzhi , Feng Gangling , Ding Yusong , Li Shugang , Guo Shuxia
Published: January 2016

Arsenic is ubiquitously present in human lives, including in the environment and organisms, and has divergent effects between different cells and tissues and between different exposure times and doses. These observed effects have been attributed to the nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Herein, a meta-analysis was performed by independently searching databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Springer, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to analyze effects of arsenic exposure on NF-κB signaling. Compared to controls, in the exposed group, p-IκB levels were found to be 8.13-fold higher (95% CI, 2.40–13.85; Z = 2.78; p = 0.005), IκB levels were 16.19-fold lower (95% CI, −27.44–−4.94; Z = 2.78; p = 0.005), and NF-κBp65 levels were 0.77-fold higher (95% CI, 0.13–1.42; Z = 2.34; p = 0.02) for normal cells and tissue, while NF-κBp65 levels were 4.90-fold lower (95% CI, −8.49–1.31; Z = 2.62; p = 0.009), NF-κB activity was 2.45-fold lower (95% CI, −3.66–1.25; Z = 4.00; p < 0.0001), and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was 9.75-fold lower (95% CI, −18.66–4.54; Z = 2.15; p = 0.03) for abnormal cells and tissue. Short exposure to high arsenic doses activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, while long exposure to low arsenic doses suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway activation. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for injurious and therapeutic mechanisms of divergent effects of arsenic.
Mitochondria Related Pathway Is Essential for Polysaccharides Purified from Sparassis crispa Mediated Neuro-Protection against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells
Authors: Hu Shuang , Wang Di , Zhang Junrong , Du Mengyan , Cheng Yingkun , Liu Yan , Zhang Ning , Wang Di , Wu Yi
Published: January 2016

The present study aims to explore the neuro-protective effects of purified Sparassis crispa polysaccharides against l-glutamic acid (l-Glu)-induced differentiated PC12 (DPC12) cell damages and its underlying mechanisms. The Sparassis crispa water extract was purified by a DEAE-52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G-100 column. A fraction with a molecular weight of 75 kDa and a diameter of 88.9 nm, entitled SCWEA, was obtained. SCWEA was identified with a triple helix with (1→3)-linked Rha in the backbone, and (1→2) linkages and (1→6) linkages in the side bone. Our results indicated that the pre-treatment of DPC12 cells with SCWEA prior to l-Glu exposure effectively reversed the reduction on cell viability (by 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay) and reduced l-Glu-induced apoptosis (by Hoechst staining). SCWEA decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, blocked Ca2+ influx and prevented depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in DPC12 cells. Furthermore, SCWEA normalized expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in l-Glu-explored DPC12 cells. These results suggested that SCWEA protects against l-Glu-induced neuronal apoptosis in DPC12 cells and may be a promising candidate for treatment against neurodegenerative disease.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications in 2015
Authors:   Journal Of Low Power Electronics And Applications Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Ling’s Adsorption Theory as a Mechanism of Membrane Potential Generation Observed in Both Living and Nonliving Systems
Authors: Tamagawa Hirohisa , Funatani Makoto , Ikeda Kota
Published: January 2016

The potential between two electrolytic solutions separated by a membrane impermeable to ions was measured and the generation mechanism of potential measured was investigated. From the physiological point of view, a nonzero membrane potential or action potential cannot be observed across the impermeable membrane. However, a nonzero membrane potential including action potential-like potential was clearly observed. Those observations gave rise to a doubt concerning the validity of currently accepted generation mechanism of membrane potential and action potential of cell. As an alternative theory, we found that the long-forgotten Ling’s adsorption theory was the most plausible theory. Ling’s adsorption theory suggests that the membrane potential and action potential of a living cell is due to the adsorption of mobile ions onto the adsorption site of cell, and this theory is applicable even to nonliving (or non-biological) system as well as living system. Through this paper, the authors emphasize that it is necessary to reconsider the validity of current membrane theory and also would like to urge the readers to pay keen attention to the Ling’s adsorption theory which has for long years been forgotten in the history of physiology.
Correction: McLean, R., Edmonds, J., Williams, S., Mann, J., Skeaff, S. Balancing Sodium and Potassium: Estimates of Intake in a New Zealand Adult Population Sample. Nutrients 2015, 7(11), 8930–8938
Authors: McLean Rachael , Edmonds Julia , Williams Sheila , Mann Jim , Skeaff Sheila
Published: January 2016

We would like to submit the following as a correction to our recently published paper. We calculated sodium-potassium ratios and compared them to an optimal sodium–potassium ratio recommended by WHO. [...]
Impact of Food Rations and Supplements on Micronutrient Status by Trimester of Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Studies in the Maela Refugee Camp in Thailand
Authors: Stuetz Wolfgang , Carrara Verena , Mc Gready Rose , Lee Sue , Sriprawat Kanlaya , Po Basi , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Grune Tilman , Biesalski Hans , Nosten François
Published: January 2016

Micronutrient fortified flour (MFF), supplementary food rations and micronutrient (MN) supplements may prevent deficiencies among pregnant women. Objectives of cross-sectional surveys in 2004 (n = 533) and 2006 (n = 515) were to assess the impact of new food rations (flour, oil) and supplements on MN status by trimester of pregnancy in the Maela refugee camp. Hemoglobin, iron status, zinc, retinol, β-carotene and tryptophan decreased, while α-/γ-tocopherol and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) increased from first to third trimester. In 2006, mean zinc and α-tocopherol for each trimester was significantly higher than in 2004. The weeks of supplemented thiamine and folic acid were positively correlated with thiamine diphosphate (TDP) and 5-MTHF, but not for ferrous sulfate as iron deficiency was observed in 38.5% of third-trimester women. Frequent consumption of fish paste and owning a garden or animal were associated with significantly higher iron status, retinol, β-carotene, and 5-MTHF. In conclusion, MFF and supplementary oil were most likely to explain improved zinc and α-tocopherol status, while thiamine and folate supplements ensured high TDP and 5-MTHF in late pregnancy. MN supplements, MN-rich staple food, small gardens, and programs to improve iron compliance are promising strategies to prevent MN deficiencies during pregnancy in vulnerable populations.
Satellite SST-Based Coral Disease Outbreak Predictions for the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Caldwell Jamie , Heron Scott , Eakin C. , Donahue Megan
Published: January 2016

Predicting wildlife disease risk is essential for effective monitoring and management, especially for geographically expansive ecosystems such as coral reefs in the Hawaiian archipelago. Warming ocean temperature has increased coral disease outbreaks contributing to declines in coral cover worldwide. In this study we investigated seasonal effects of thermal stress on the prevalence of the three most widespread coral diseases in Hawai’i: Montipora white syndrome, Porites growth anomalies and Porites tissue loss syndrome. To predict outbreak likelihood we compared disease prevalence from surveys conducted between 2004 and 2015 from 18 Hawaiian Islands and atolls with biotic (e.g., coral density) and abiotic (satellite-derived sea surface temperature metrics) variables using boosted regression trees. To date, the only coral disease forecast models available were developed for Acropora white syndrome on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Given the complexities of disease etiology, differences in host demography and environmental conditions across reef regions, it is important to refine and adapt such models for different diseases and geographic regions of interest. Similar to the Acropora white syndrome models, anomalously warm conditions were important for predicting Montipora white syndrome, possibly due to a relationship between thermal stress and a compromised host immune system. However, coral density and winter conditions were the most important predictors of all three coral diseases in this study, enabling development of a forecasting system that can predict regions of elevated disease risk up to six months before an expected outbreak. Our research indicates satellite-derived systems for forecasting disease outbreaks can be appropriately adapted from the GBR tools and applied for a variety of diseases in a new region. These models can be used to enhance management capacity to prepare for and respond to emerging coral diseases throughout Hawai’i and can be modified for other diseases and regions around the world.
Review of Thermal Materials for CSP Plants and LCOE Evaluation for Performance Improvement using Chilean Strategic Minerals: Lithium Salts and Copper Foams
Authors: Cáceres Gustavo , Montané Macarena , Nasirov Shahriyar , O’Ryan Raúl
Published: January 2016

The improvement of solar thermal technologies in emerging economies like Chile is particularly attractive because the country is endowed with one of the most consistently high solar potentials, lithium and copper reserves. In recent years, growing interests for lithium based salts and copper foams in application of thermal technologies could change the landscape of Chile transforming its lithium reserves and copper availability into competitive energy produced in the region. This study reviews the technical advantages of using lithium based salts—applied as heat storage media and heat transfer fluid—and copper foam/Phase Change Materials (PCM) alternatives—applied as heat storage media—within tower and parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants, and presents a first systematic evaluation of the costs of these alternatives based on real plant data. The methodology applied is based on material data base compilation of price and technical properties, selection of CSP plant and estimation of amount of required material, and analysis of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). Results confirm that some lithium based salts are effective in reducing the amount of required material and costs for the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems for both plant cases, with savings of up to 68% and 4.14% in tons of salts and LCOE, respectively. Copper foam/PCM composites significantly increase thermal conductivity, decreasing the volume of the TES system, but costs of implementation are still higher than traditional options.
Kelp-Fed Beef, Swimming Caribou, Feral Reindeer, and Their Hunters: Island Mammals in a Marine Economy
Authors: Reedy Katherine
Published: January 2016

Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula residents have selectively introduced land mammals to their primarily marine based economy over the past two centuries. This paper describes these many introductions, contexts, and the longer term roles of these cattle, sheep, reindeer, and other land mammals in discrete island settings and the regional food economy based upon interviews in ten communities and comprehensive household surveys in eight of these. Caribou are indigenous and traditionally hunted in other parts of the state but are legally “invasive” in island contexts now managed by the federal government. Access to land and natural resources by Alaska Natives and rural peoples is regulated by state and federal agencies, but Aleutian residents have shaped their environment and engineered food sources to support their communities. This paper demonstrates that hardline approaches to removing invasive land mammal species will have human consequences and an integrated management policy emphasizing food security and conservation that includes reducing the density of these introduced species is most appropriate.