bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Elementary School Teachers’ Attentive Listening and Empathy on Teacher-Student Relationship Teacher Efficacy: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Self-Estee
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ryu Jung O
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study aims to draw educational implications by assessing the influences of elementary school teachers’ ‘attentive listening’ and ‘empathy’ on ‘teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations’ mediated by ‘self-esteem.’
Methods To understand the correlation and causality between variables set in this study, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, mediator variable regression analysis were conducted.
Results First, attentive listening had a significant impact on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations (H1 adopted: B=.563, p<.001). Second, empathy had a significant impact on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations (H2 adopted: B=.452, p<.001). Third, attentive listening had a significant impact on self-esteem (H3 adopted: B=.454, p<.001). Fourth, empathy had a significant impact on self-esteem (H4 adopted: B=.424, p<.001). Fifth, self-esteem had a significant impact on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations (H5 adopted: B=.590, p<.001). Sixth, attentive listening had a significant impact on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations mediated by self-esteem (H6 adopted: β=.357, p<.001). Seventh, empathy had a significant impact on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations mediated by self-esteem (H7 adopted: β=.294, p<.001). In addition, in the relations of attentive listening and empathy with teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations, self-esteem had a partial mediation effect. In addition, as for the influence of the independent variable on teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations, attentive listening had a relatively greater impact than empathy.
Conclusions This study drew educational implications by revealing the causal relation and influence of several variables affecting ‘teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations.’ The results of this study suggest that attentive listening and empathy are needed for smooth teacher-student relation. Smoother teacher-student relations can be expected when attentive listening and empathy are mediated with positive self-esteem. Hopefully, this study would contribute to the promotion of elementary school teachers’ ‘teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations’ and help research related to attentive listening and empathy.
The Influence of Parental Psychological control on Children’s Aggression: Mediating Effect of Moral Disengagement and Emotional Regulation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Im Dahye , Kim Choonkyung
Published: April 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to improve parents' understanding of children's problem behavior and to present effective counseling intervention plans by selecting major environmental and personal factors that affect children's relational and overt aggression.
Methods The effect of parents' psychological control on children's relational and overt aggression was verified through the mediating effect of moral disengagement and emotion regulation. PCS-YSR, relational and overt aggression scale, and emotion regulation scale were used for 684 students in 4th to 6th grades at 5 elementary schools in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The collected data were analyzed for correlation between measurement variables using SPSS 23.0. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to verify the mediation effect between variables.
Results First, there was a significant positive correlations between parents' psychological control and children's relational and overt aggression, and moral disengagement. On the other hand, there was significant negative correlations in emotion regulation and the other variables. Second, it was found that parents' psychological control affects children's relational and overt aggression, and moral disengagement is partially mediated. Third, it was found that parents' psychological control affects children's relational and overt aggression, and their emotion regulation is partially mediated.
Conclusions As a result of this study, the influence of psychological control of fathers and mothers on children's relational and overt aggression was confirmed, and the mediating effect of moral disengagement and emotion regulation was verified. These findings can provide basic data for child counseling and parent education programs that can alleviate children's relational and overt aggression.
A Study on the Development and Operation Model of Extracurricular Curriculum in University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Song Naree , Jo Dukjoo
Published: April 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to help universities systemically develop and operate extracurricular curriculum that can reflect their own characteristics, through research on a development and management model for extracurricular curriculum activities.
Methods The steps of research were progressed with three stages: research planning, literature review and the model development. Based on the Taba’s(1962) curriculum development model, the research planning stage planned the extracurricular curriculum development and operation model of the university. The literature research stage collected and analyzed the extracurricular, extracurricular activities, extracurricular curriculum which were related to the pilot study, curriculum development model, model research, curriculum development the research paper and also were related to the books and research papers. The model development stage based on the curriculum model and the curriculum development model which are the foundation of curriculum brought out the implication and the model was confirmed after a feasibility study by a expert of curriculum.
Results The management and development model for extracurricular curriculums consists of four stages: 1. Drafting a proposal and planning of university extracurricular curriculums; 2. crafting detailed plans for each extracurricular curriculum activity; 3. executing and operating the extracurricular curriculum activities; and 4. evaluating and assessing university extracurricular curriculums. Each stage is comprised of five different sub-categories, such as ① subject, ② period, ③ foundation, ④ method, and ⑤ model.
Conclusions The reason for the establishment and operation of the extracurricular curriculum is to instill students with the university’s core values and help them become competent members of society and the university. Therefore, the university extracurricular curriculum must be developed and operated according to the stages and procedures as in the required and elective curriculum.
Current status and challenges of Korea’s micro-degree system: Focusing on the case of D University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Jung-Hui
Published: April 2024

Objectives A microdegree is a certificate provided when a student has completed fewer credits than required for a major. The microdegree system has emerged as a core program of university innovation around the world and has been growing rapidly in recent years. This study began with the purpose of exploring ways to further develop the microdegree system in Korea.
Methods For this purpose, I collected opinions from professors and students who experienced the microdegree system. FGI was conducted using a structured questionnaire targeting 6 professors and 14 students at D University, which operates this system. The questions consisted of the overall perception of microdegree, the need for microdegree, the challenges facing microdegree, and ways to improve microdegree operation, and the response results were analyzed according to these four areas.
Results The research results are summarized as follows. First, there was a strong positive perception that this system would help prevent dropout and form an active learning attitude by increasing students' adaptability to college life. Second, both professors and students are highly aware of the necessity of microdegree because it can be useful in helping students plan their careers. Third, in order for the microdegree system to be effectively established, it is necessary to continuously develop satisfactory programs composed of excellent subjects. Fourth, specific measures to improve this system were proposed, including the establishment of a dedicated department, introduction of a dedicated professor system, use of the mentor-mentee system, establishment of a dedicated platform, and active promotion.
Conclusions It was found that it was necessary to improve the level of subjects that make up the microdegree, secure connectivity between degrees, establish a dedicated department and introduce a dedicated professor system, support learning between colleagues, establish a support platform, and actively promote it. A variety of requirements have been presented, and there is a high degree of correlation between the requirements. For example, a dedicated department will be needed to manage the quality of subjects and ensure connectivity between degrees. In addition, only when high-quality materials are developed centered on a dedicated department will active promotion be carried out to university members and a driving force will be provided, such as forming a consensus for building a platform. A mentor-mentee program that enables peer-to-peer learning support will only be feasible if a dedicated professor takes the lead and takes interest.
Local government office career experience program operation process: Focusing on career experience fairs
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Kyoung A , Kim Byeong-Chan
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study conducted a qualitative case study focusing on the Future City Youth Career Fair to reveal the operation process of the local government youth career experience program and the characteristics and meaning of the process.
Methods Qualitative research was conducted to understand the operation process of local government youth career programs, and data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interview research techniques.
Results As a result of the research analysis, the three-step operation process of “prepare urgently,” “concurrently proceeding with other festivals,” and “finishing quickly and planning the next year” appeared. In addition, characteristics of the career program operation process were “setting trendy popular career content,” “lack of collaboration with school and local youth career-related organizations,” and “a lot of participation and relatively weak presence” due to simultaneous holding of other festivals.
Conclusions Accordingly, this study suggested that local governments need to investigate, analyze, and develop experience programs for career experience content, urge close networks and collaboration with schools and related organizations, and carefully analyze the pros and cons of holding solo and holding other events when promoting large-scale career experience programs, such as career fairs or career festivals, predict the results of both sides and choose whether to hold them simultaneously.
The Impact of Nursing Students' Mental Health and Professionalism on Major Satisfaction
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Yeom Mijung
Published: April 2024

Objectives To determine the impact of nursing students' mental health and nursing professionalism on major satisfaction.
Methods This study was conducted on 188 nursing students in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do who understood the purpose of this study and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The data of this study were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program.
Results Nursing students' satisfaction with their major was determined by grade (F=4.977, p=.002), place of residence (F=2.869, p=.038), presence of practice (F=-2.347, p=.020), and satisfaction with practice experience (F=-2.347, p=.020). =4.502, p=.005), there was a significant difference. There was a significant negative correlation with depression (r=-.236, p=.001), and a significant positive correlation with nursing professionalism (r=.703, p<.001). Nursing professionalism and depression were statistically significant influencing factors, and the explanatory power for major satisfaction was found to be 49.5%.
Conclusions To enhance the major satisfaction of nursing college students, sustained psychological support is essential, with a focus on reducing their feelings of depression. Utilizing individual counseling, mentorship programs with faculty advisors, and other supportive interventions should be considered.
Exploration of Singapore's National Level Early Childhood Education Curriculum: Focus on Change and Significance
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Hye Yoon
Published: April 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to exlore the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum, which emphasizes competency-based education, and to examine insights that can be applied to our own early childhood education curriculum. A literature review was conducted comparing and analyzing the characteristics, significance, and implications of the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum before and after its revision.
Methods A literature review was conducted comparing and analyzing the characteristics, significance, and implications of the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum documents before and after revision.
Results Firstly, through the revision process, the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum expanded its understanding of children's learning, and emphasized values, socio-emotional competencies, and learning dispositions. Additionally, it streamlined learning areas and altered area names. These changes are aimed at laying the foundation for learning essential for adapting to future society, fostering lifelong learners from early childhood, and enabling them to grow. Secondly, the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum emphasizes the learning of competent learners and underscores the importance of learning experiences tailored for this purpose. It emphasizes the formation of children's competencies and consistently stresses the intention and role of educators. Furthermore, it encourages interest in assessing children's learning, providing guidance on specific learning content and observable behaviors.
Conclusions Through exploring the Singaporean early childhood education curriculum, insights were gained into various content and structures that can be incorporated into educational curriculum documents. It also suggests the need for reflection on the scope of documents that contain this content.
Case Study on the Use of ChatGPT in a Graduate Course Implementation and Academic Research Analysis: Focused on International Students in the Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program at S University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Kyungsun
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study explored the potential use of ChatGPT in the teaching and learning aspects of a graduate course and reviewed its function as an analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative data collected through the course operations.
Methods In this study, 21 graduate students used ChatGPT to generate questions while reviewing academic journal articles as part of their coursework. The study conducted formative and summative evaluations of the course and analyzed the collected data on the use of ChatGPT among graduate students using ChatGPT-4.
Results The analysis indicated that the use of ChatGPT was helpful in deepening the understanding of academic journal articles. However, errors were encountered in the data analysis process using ChatGPT, necessitating the researcher to review and correct the outcomes derived from ChatGPT. Nevertheless, it is expected that such errors will decrease over time with advancements in generative AI technology and improvement in users' prompt construction skills.
Conclusions This study investigates the current use of ChatGPT in education and academic research and provides insights into the effectiveness and improvement strategies for incorporating ChatGPT in higher education and scholarly research, serving as a case study of ChatGPT's application in graduate courses and academic research.
학습자 에이전시: 중국 영어 전공자들의 영어 말하기 학습에 대한 다양한 사례 연구
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Dai Xinxin , Kim Jungyin
Published: April 2024

Objectives This article delves into the ways in which three English major students, each possessing varying levels of proficiency in spoken English―high, moderate, and low―express their agency throughout the process of acquiring spoken language. This exploration encompasses their experiences both within and beyond the classroom, all situated within a broader contextual framework.
Methods Qualitative research was conducted during one fall semester from September to December 2023. The researchers observed an English speaking course instructed by a Chinese female teacher. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, course documents and learners’ artifacts. Data analysis was conducted with three levels of coding (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) and the credibility was ensured with data triangulation.
Results The findings revealed that English major students, when encountering difficulties and challenges, such as pronunciation problems and limited vocabulary etc, exercised different forms of agency to address and overcome obstacles in the process of learning spoken English. Specifically, the agency forms of English major students in spoken English learning is manifested through action engagement, action adjustment, and action resistance.
Conclusions The findings and the analysis of the current study revealed that learner agency had a significant role to play in English as a foreign language classroom in a Chinese college context. Based on the thematic data analysis, this study offered some pedagogical implications for educators and teachers both at Chinese universities and beyond.
Development of a tool for measuring global citizenship of high school students using Delphi survey
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jeong Myung Sup
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study, we intend to develop a tool item for measuring global citizenship that can grasp the relationship between world geography classes and cultivation of global citizenship through a Delphi survey.
Methods To this end, areas, items, and questions for global citizenship measurement tools were extracted by analyzing the 2022 revised curriculum high school “World Citizens and Geography” textbook and the social studies curriculum (Ministry of Education Notice No. 2022-33). In addition, a group of 10 experts was formed into a panel to conduct a Delphi survey.
Results As a result of the Delphi survey, the area of the global citizenship measurement tool was divided into cognitive, social and emotional, and skill areas, and a total of 15 category and 30 items were developed in 4 category in the cognitive domain, 7 category in the social and emotional domain, and 4 category in the skill domain.
Conclusions The areas, items, and questions of the developed global citizenship measurement tool will serve as a guide and guide for studying the close connection between learning high school world geography (2022 revised world citizenship and geography) and cultivating global citizenship.
Relationship between Reading fluency and Language skills in School-aged children
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Sung A , Lee Suhyang
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study aimed to explore the connections between language skills (vocabulary, syntactic ability, expressive sentence pattern production) and reading fluency in elementary school students.
Methods The research involved 51 children from grades 1 to 6 in elementary schools across Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheong. Various tools, such as the text reading fluency test, receptive vocabulary test, and syntatic comprehension test, were utilized. Additionally, tasks evaluating written and spoken expressive sentence patterns were carried out through a fill-in-the-blank test and a discourse completion task. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze performance across different grade levels (low, middle, and high), examining significant differences between the groups. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between each variable, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing reading fluency.
Results The study revealed variations in reading fluency and language skills (vocabulary, syntactic ability, scores on written tasks assessing expressive sentence patterns, and the number of expressive sentence types in oral tasks) among different grades. Correlation analysis indicated that scores on written tasks assessing expressive sentence patterns, receptive vocabulary, and the number of expressive sentence types in spoken tasks were correlated with reading fluency. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the explanatory power of linguistic variables on reading fluency was 51.9%.
Conclusions In this study, we identified linguistic variables that are correlated with reading fluency in school-age children. Specifically, we found that the ability to produce expressive sentences was correlated with reading fluency. The results of this study suggest new implications for future reading fluency interventions.
In psychological counseling, the client’s experience in fortune-telling Research on counselors
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Young Ju , Lee Jeong Eun
Published: April 2024

Objectives Research shows that so-called ‘fortune-telling’, such as tarot, fortune telling, and divine fortune counseling, has been popular in Korean society even before the introduction of psychological counseling. Korea has a unique cultural background where divination culture exists as a larger market than psychological counseling. During psychological counseling, we will explore the experiences of counselors who have heard about clients' fortune- telling experiences and provide basic data through this.
Methods A survey was conducted on a total of 50 counselors who had heard about their experiences with divination counseling from clients during counseling. The collected response data were analyzed through an exploratory research method, an experienced survey method, and a modified consensus qualitative research method. The collection period of research data was from October to December 2021, and the collected data was analyzed.
Results The counselor's view on why the client talks about his fortune-telling experience during psychological counseling, the counselor's reaction when the client talks about his fortune-telling experience during psychological counseling, the counselor's view on the pros and cons of the fortune-telling culture, and the counselor's view on the client's religion. The relationship between fortune-telling counseling, the differences between psychological counseling and fortune-telling counseling that counselors think of, the evaluation of satisfaction after the counselor listens to the client's fortune-telling counseling experience, things that a counselor should consider when counseling a client about their fortune-telling counseling experience, and applied counseling theory. and explored counseling theories that would be recommended to beginning counselors.
Conclusions Based on the research results, basic data that counselors can refer to in counseling education and practice was presented.
Clinical Efforts Double Disparity for Nonphysician URiM Faculty: Implications for Academic Family Medicine
Authors: Ogbeide Stacy , George Deepu , Sandoval Adrian , Johnson-Esparza Yajaira , Villacampa Maria Montanez
Published: April 2024

With a new definition of high-quality primary care and the shift in nonphysician faculty’s role as core faculty members in family medicine residency programs, new attention is needed on the delineation of clinical efforts and clinical efforts disparities across disciplines (eg, psychology, marriage and family therapy, pharmacy) within departments of family medicine. Additionally, those who identify as underrepresented in medicine (URiM), specifically those who are nonphysician faculty, are dually impacted by the clinical efforts double disparity. This paper examines the current landscape of clinical efforts in academic family medicine for physician faculty and nonphysician faculty as well as discusses how to build equity in clinical efforts for nonphysician faculty and URiM faculty within academic family medicine impacted by the double disparity.
Back Cover Volume 5 No 1 2024
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Back Cover Volume 5 No 1 2024
Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy: Unveiling the Active Compounds of Huashi Baidu Granules Against COVID-19
Authors: Tian Chuanxi , Zhao Jinyue , Wang Qian , Luo Keke , Zhao Shuang , Li Jiarui , Wan Li , Ma Kaile , Yao Chensi , Zhou Yanyan , Li Min
Published: April 2024

Background: Huashi Baidu granule (HSBD), an approved herbal
formula for treating COVID-19, demonstrates safety and efficacy. Despite
its market approval, the detailed methodology and identification of its
active components remain unexplored, leaving its bioactive constituents
and action mechanisms unclear. Methods: This study investigated
the potential mechanisms of HSBD’s active ingredient in treating
COVID-19. Our approach integrated various techniques, including the GEO
database, network pharmacology, surface plasmon resonance, molecular
docking and molecular dynamics simulations, to formulate a comprehensive
research strategy. Results: The UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method employed
for HSBD analysis proved stable, reliable, and reproducible. We
identified 25 principal components in HSBD, with seven compounds
detected in plasma, namely pogostone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid,
Paeoniflorin, Rhein, Emodin, ephedrine hydrochloride, and
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network
analysis identified MMP9 as a pivotal target, while KEGG pathway
analysis indicated that HSBD mediates its therapeutic effects on
COVID-19 primarily through the TNF-α and PI3K-AKT pathways. Surface
plasmon resonance analysis revealed that Paeoniflorin and Rhein exert
their antiviral effects by interacting with RBD and ACE2, respectively.
In contrast, Emodin’s antiviral mechanism predominantly involves binding
to MMP9. Molecular docking results indicated strong binding affinities
of Rhein and Paeoniflorin to the hACE2 protein, and high binding
affinities of Paeoniflorin, Rhein, and Emodin to the MMP9 protein, all
of which were corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations.
Conclusion: We investigated the methodology and identified the
active components of HSBD, focusing on those absorbed into the plasma,
to elucidate the effective material basis of HSBD in the treatment of
COVID-19, our research offer insightful exploration into its mechanisms
of action against COVID-19.
Long-term trajectories of nutrient budgets and changes in soils of two counties with contrasting land use changes: cereals vs fruit orchards
Authors: Wang Shimao , Yu Xiaowei , Xia Yucheng , Gao Jingbo , Chen Zhujun , Toor Gurpal S. , Zhou Jianbin
Published: April 2024

Land use change (LUC) is a key factor affecting nutrient budgets in
agricultural soils. Comparing the long-term trajectories of nutrient
budgets and changes in soils at a regional scale with contrasting LUC is
critical to optimizing nutrient management and minimizing adverse
environmental effects. We investigated the nutrient budgets and changes
in soils in two counties in the south Loess Plateau, China, with
contrasting LUCs from 1992 to 2017. Wugong County has cereals as the
main crop, whereas Meixian County has the main cereal crops changed to
kiwi orchards. We found that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium
(K) inputs in two counties increased rapidly, and the nutrient outputs
by crop harvests remained relatively stable. This resulted in increasing
nutrient surpluses in the soils of two counties. Nutrient surplus in the
orchard-dominated county was higher than that of the cereal-dominated
county, and nutrient use efficiencies were contrasting. High N surplus
in the orchard-dominated county resulted in high nitrate-N accumulation
in deeper soil profiles of orchards. High P and K surpluses in the two
counties significantly increased available P and K in 0-20 cm depth.
Soil available P and K in the orchard-dominated county were
significantly higher than in the cereal-dominated county, which was also
significantly higher than the threshold values of available P and K
contents in soils. We conclude that comprehensive measures should be
taken to control nutrient surpluses, which will help to balance nutrient
inputs and outputs and minimize nutrient losses in intensive
horticultural crop systems.
Classifying Plant Communities in the North American Coastal Plain with PRISMA Spaceborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Spectral Mixture Residual
Authors: Rogers Jennifer A. , Robertson Kevin M. , Hawbaker Todd J , Sousa Daniel
Published: April 2024

The effort to map terrestrial biodiversity, in recent years limited
mostly to the use of broadband multispectral remote sensing at decameter
scales, can be greatly enhanced by harnessing hyperspectral imagery.
Interpreting hyperspectral imagery may be aided by the Mixture Residual
(MR) spectral preprocessing transformation, which integrates the
benefits of spectral mixture analysis (SMA) with the absorption
peak-enhancing characteristics of continuum removal (CR). MR
characterizes each pixel as a linear combination of generic end-members
estimating the spectral continuum, from which the residual of each
wavelength is computed and treated as a source of additional
information. Using Hyperspectral Precursor of the Application Mission
(PRISMA) imagery, we tested the ability of MR-transformed reflectance as
compared to untransformed surface reflectance (SR) to map plant
associations and land cover using ground truthing and random forest
classifications across four landscapes within the North American Coastal
Plain. We used a forward stepwise selection algorithm to choose bands
for each classification and subsequently compared these between SR and
MR. Our MR classifications distinguished land cover with 5% greater
balanced accuracy on average than the SR-based classifications across
all four landscapes. The MR-based classification that integrated data
from all landscapes into a unified model encompassing all 21 land cover
types achieved a 76% average balanced accuracy over three iterations.
Generally, MR utilized the near-infrared region to a greater degree than
SR while deemphasizing the green peak. Based on our results, MR improves
the accuracy of mapping terrestrial biodiversity, likely extending to
other current and planned satellite hyperspectral missions.
Greening an Anthropology Field Course Programme: Assessing the Comparative Importance of Net Zero Agendas and Covid-19
Authors: Russell Andrew
Published: April 2024

Carbon emissions from academic air travel (AAT) are of concern to all in higher education, but the focus to date has primarily been on research (e.g. flying to professional conferences) rather than teaching and learning. This article describes the development and delivery of Durham University's undergraduate field course programme in anthropology before, during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. While the University provided helpful leverage towards greening the programme's travel arrangements, continuing restrictions on long-distance international air travel post-pandemic and reducing the length of field courses proved more effective drivers towards Net Zero than concerns about carbon emissions.
Doses to the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery and death from ischemic heart disease after breast cancer radiotherapy: a case-control study in a population-based cohort
Authors: Perman Mats , Johansson Karl-Axel , Holmberg Erik , Karlsson Per
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Doses to the coronary arteries in breast cancer (BC) radiotherapy (RT) have been suggested to be a risk predictor of long-term cardiac toxicity after BC treatment. We investigated the dose–risk relationships between near maximum doses (Dmax) to the right coronary artery (RCA) and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality after BC RT.
Patients and methods: In a cohort of 2,813 women diagnosed with BC between 1958 and 1992 with a follow-up of at least 10 years, we identified 134 cases of death due to IHD 10–19 years after BC diagnosis. For each case, one control was selected within the cohort matched for age at diagnosis. 3D-volume and 3D-dose reconstructions were obtained from individual RT charts. We estimated the Dmax to the RCA and the LAD and the mean heart dose (MHD). We performed conditional logistic regression analysis comparing piecewise spline transformation and simple linear modeling for best fit.
Results: There was a linear dose–risk relationship for both the Dmax to the RCA (odds ratio [OR]/Gray [Gy] 1.03 [1.01–1.05]) and the LAD (OR/Gy 1.04 [1.02–1.06]) in a multivariable model. For MHD there was a linear dose–risk relationship (1,14 OR/Gy [1.08–1.19]. For all relationships, simple linear modelling was superior to spline transformations.
Interpretation: Doses to both the RCA and LAD are independent risk predictors of long-term cardiotoxicity after RT for BC In addition to the LAD, the RCA should be regarded as an organ at risk in RT planning.
Mineralvirksomhet på norsk sokkel: Mulige konsekvenser i lys av Svalbardtraktaten og norsk forvaltning av havområdene rundt Svalbard
Authors: Soltvedt Hvinden Ida , Østhagen Andreas
Published: April 2024

I 2020 startet Solberg-regjeringen en åpningsprosess for mineralvirksomhet på norsk sokkel. Om lag en tredjedel av området som ble vedtatt åpnet i 2024 overlapper med kontinentalsokkelen og fiskevernsonen rundt Svalbard. Mens det er bred enighet om at Norge har suverenitet og dermed bestemmer hvorvidt en åpning for kommersiell mineralvirksomhet skal skje på havbunnen i dette området, er det strid om hvorvidt Svalbardtraktaten eller moderne havrett utgjør grunnlaget for norsk myndighetsutøvelse. Denne artikkelen drøfter hvilke konsekvenser åpningen kan ha, både for tolkningsspørsmålet knyttet til Svalbardtraktaten og for konfliktpotensialet mellom Norge, andre stater og aktører. Tre mulige utfall blir diskutert: (1) at norsk tolkning av Svalbardtraktaten og rettigheter til ressursene på kontinentalsokkelen rundt Svalbard utfordres ytterligere; (2) at russiske fiskerier i fiskevernsonen yter motstand i frykt for negativ miljøpåvirkning fra mineralnæringen; og (3) at Norge møter press og kritikk fra andre stater, og spesielt fra EU, fordi mineralvirksomhet på havbunnen antas å ha store, og fortsatt ukjente, miljøkonsekvenser.
Abstract in EnglishSeabed mining on the Norwegian continental shelf: Possible consequences in light of the Svalbard Treaty and Norwegian management of the maritime areas around SvalbardIn 2020, the Solberg government initiated a process for allowing mining operations on the Norwegian continental shelf. About a third of the area in question in 2024 overlaps with the continental shelf and the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard. While there is broad agreement that Norway has sovereignty over Svalbard and thus can decide whether to permit commercial mining activities on the seabed in this area, there is a dispute as to whether the Svalbard Treaty’s provisions apply for Norwegian exercise of authority. This article discusses the consequences allowing seabed mining in this area may have, both for questions concerning the interpretation of the geographical scope of the Svalbard Treaty and the potential for conflict between Norway, other states and actors. Three possible outcomes are discussed: (1) that Norwegian interpretation of the Svalbard Treaty and rights to the resources on the continental shelf around Svalbard are further challenged; (2) that Russian fisheries in the Fisheries Protection Zone resist for fear of negative environmental impact from the mineral industry; and (3) that Norway faces pressure and criticism from other states, and especially from the EU, because seabed mining is believed to have major, yet unknown, environmental consequences.
The Potential of Sámi/Indigenous Festivals to Inform and Bridge Formal Education Systems
Authors: Skogvang Bente , Bruno Massao Prisca
Published: April 2024

This article aims to explore how Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi festivals can supplement and critically inform knowledge in the Norwegian formal education system. The empirical data for this study are derived from extensive fieldwork (2009–2019) comprising observations of Riddu Riđđu festival participants, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with open-ended questions conducted with festival participants and volunteers who also work at different educational and cultural institutions, such as schools, language centres, libraries, and museums. We applied an Indigenous paradigm and methodology (Koukkanen, 2000; Smith, 2010) that favours land- or place-based pedagogies (Thornton, et al., 2021; Wildcat et al., 2014), along with a holistic research method approach. The results show that Sámi/Indigenous festivals have been and still are crucial in revitalising Sámi cultures and ways of knowing that are still marginalised in mainstream education systems. The Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi and other Indigenous festivals have the potential to supplement and critically inform knowledge in formal education systems such as schools, teacher education, libraries, and museums.
An Examination the Role of Theatre provides for the Migrant Experience and Considering The Types and Styles of Theatre best suited to this Dramatic Investigation
Authors:   , Saleem Shakeel
Published: April 2024

This PhD submission has two complementary parts, my play The Hot Pot with a supporting essay which describes my methodology, the process and the outcomes. The primary aim of the project was to examine how best I might utilise the theatre to explore aspects of the current migrant experience in the United Kingdom. Towards this aim research was carried out through discussions with individual migrants from different eras and different ethnic origins who had come to live work and study within the United Kingdom. By monitoring the migrant experience through extended conversations and presenting a range of characters on stage I hoped to provide a counter perspective to the collective media representation of those who had moved to the United Kingdom. The aim was to challenge stereotyping terms such as “migrants” and “the BAME community”. Thus as the play developed it was clear though it shows the individual humanity of people from a variety of diverse migrant backgrounds the demands of drama required character focus. This led to the positioning of the character John at the centre of the debate and action. He is explored both through his own thoughts this leads to his troubled relationships with his girlfriend, his parents and the people he meets casually at the hotpot party. The supporting essay discusses migrant experiences through the presentation of recorded interviews, official data and personal recollections. It also explains the project’s search for a suitable stylistic approach while drawing on a range of theatre theorists who in various ways greatly influenced the shaping of the drama.
Delineating the Genetic Variability and Diversity in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes
Authors: Mahla Prachi , Ram Manohar , Beniwal Jogender , Nehra Anju , Dalip  , Chawla Rukoo
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated 44 green gram genotypes collected from the AICRP on MULLaRP to investigate genetic variability and divergence. During kharif (July–October, 2020), the genotypes were assessed for various morphological traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation, indicating significant variability. Clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1 exhibited the highest genetic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for 1000-seed weight, clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seeds pod-1, suggesting the influence of additive genetic factors. Genetic advance as a % of the mean was particularly notable for clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1. Further analysis using Mahalanobis D2 statistics resulted in the classification of genotypes into seven clusters, with Cluster I being the largest. Cluster IV and VI showed the highest inter-cluster distance, indicating substantial genetic divergence. Notably, Cluster III represented by AKM 1801 displayed superior characteristics such as high mean values for pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield per plant, making it a potential candidate for green gram improvement programs. In terms of genetic diversity, 1000-seed weight contributed the most, followed by clusters plant-1 and chlorophyll content. These findings highlight the importance of these traits in shaping the genetic diversity observed among the green gram genotypes.
Clinico-Physiological and Haemodynamic Alterations Following Propofol Induction and Premedication with Butorphanol, Dexmedetomidine or Acepromazine in Dogs
Authors: Dewangan Rukmani , Pal Sumeet , Sharda Raju , Tiwari S. K. , Chaurasia Durga , Khutey B.B. , Ratre H.K.
Published: April 2024

The present study was conducted during February-October 2021 at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H. Anjora, Durg (C.G.), India to evaluate the alternations on clinico-physiological and haemodynamic parameters following propofol induction in dogs premedicated with butorphanol or dexmedetomidine or acepromazine. Eighteen adult dogs of either sex were randomly divided into three groups (BP, DP and AP) with six animals in each. Ten minutes prior to the anaesthetic administration, all the dogs were administered glycopyrrolate @ 0.02 mg kg-1 I/M. The animals of group BP, DP and AP were premedicated intramuscularly with butorphanol @ 0.3 mg kg-1 b.wt., dexmedetomidine @ 10 µg kg-1 b.wt. and acepromazine @ 0.4 mg kg-1 b.wt. respectively. General anaesthesia was induced with propofol @ 7 mg kg-1 b.wt. intravenously. Clinical parameters were recorded following induction with propofol. Physiological and haemodynamic parameters were recorded before (0), 5 min. after sedation, induction and at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 min. post propofol anaesthesia. The onset of sedation and anaesthesia was quicker in group DP followed by AP and BP. Duration of anaesthesia and complete recovery were significantly (p<0.05) longer in group DP as compared to group BP and AP. The physiological and haemodynamic parameters showed transient changes which were compensated and remained within normal range during the study period without producing any deleterious effect. Thus, propofol can be safely used as induction agent in dogs premedicated with either dexmedetomidine or butorphanol or acepromazine and does not produce any adverse effect on cardiopulmonary system. However, dexmedetomidine-propofol combination provided longer duration of anaesthesia in dogs as compared to other groups.
Exploring Factors Influencing Postgraduate Students' Utilization of Libhub Services at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Library
Authors: Kotoroi Gladness , Magaya Athuman
Published: April 2024

This study was carried out at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Library also known as the Sokoine National Agricultural Library (SNAL) in Tanzania. It focuses on factors that influence postgraduate students' use of Libhub for accessing information at the Sokoine University (Main Campus). Specifically, the study aimed at analyzing level of SNAL’s postgraduate student awareness on Libhub services, identifying factors that influence postgraduate students to use Libhub for information access, and find out challenges deterring SNAL postgraduate students’  to access information using Libhub tool. The study used a single case study design and a mixed approach to collect data.  A sample size of the study comprised of 54 respondents, where by 49 were postgraduate students and 5 were SNAL library staff members. The Library staffs were purposively selected and postgraduate students were conveniently selected. Questionnaire and interviews were the main instruments used to collect data. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, Excel (Spreadsheet), and Microsoft Office Word and were presented using figures and tables, and qualitative data were content analyzed. Study findings revealed that majority of respondents agreed that the relevance of the information available through Libhub is one of the key factors for using and accessing information through Libhub. The finding further  shows that inadequacy of computer and information literacy skills and lack of technical and ICT infrastructure are the main concerns. Researchers suggest that it is essential to create formal education and other procedures of creating awareness about the use value of Libhub for cutting across both Students and Library Management broadly.
A Comparison of Programmed Controlled Existing System vs. Electric Resistive Heating for a University Building in Newfoundland
Authors: Liyanage Chamila Jayanuwan , Iqbal Mohammad Tariq
Published: April 2024

Buildings consume in excess of 30% of the total energy worldwide. In the Canadian context, commercial and institutional buildings contribute to around 14% of the overall energy usage, and space heating emerges as the predominant end-use category, constituting approximately 57% of this consumption. This underscores a considerable potential for energy savings in the realm of building energy consumption. This paper compares the energy consumption for space heating at the Core Science Facility (CSF) of the Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), Canada. The analysis contrasts the current system, utilizing hot water from fuel oil-fired boilers, with a proposed system suggesting the replacement of the oil-fired boiler with an electric resistive boiler, by employing a building energy model (BEM) created with the OpenStudio application. The findings indicate that beyond the anticipated enhancements in energy efficiency, a supplementary energy saving of approximately 7% is attainable through the proposed transition. Comparing the simulation outcomes with actual data reveals that the projected consumption from the Building Energy Model (BEM) is lower than the actual figures. This difference is attributed to the model’s development, which involved distinct considerations and assumptions compared to the actual conditions such as construction materials, building occupancy, infiltration and exfiltration, interconnected buildings, energy usage by equipment and lighting, HVAC system energy consumption, and transmission losses through piping which can significantly influence the building’s energy consumption.