bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Policy Perception and Health Behaviours: A Multilevel Analysis and Implications for Public Health Psychology
Authors: Von Lengerke Thomas , Vinck Jan , Rütten Alfred , Reitmeir Peter , Abel Thomas , Kannas Lasse , LüSchen G , Rodríguez Diaz Josep A. , Van Der Zee Jouke
Published: May 2004

Associations of health policy perception with health behaviours are analysed. Policy perception is differentiated in information about programmes and appraisal of health policy’s contribution to policy goals, and conceptualized on the level of: (1) individuals; and (2) populations (as a social climate indicator). Survey data from the Biomed2-Project MAREPS gathered in Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland ( N= 3343) show that at the individual level, only policy information is associated with utilizing mammography, quitting smoking, physical activity and political participation in creating healthy environments. In contrast, multilevel regression analyses show that policy appraisal is related to physical activity and political participation as a social climate factor. Implications for integrating health psychology and public health within public health psychology are discussed.
Why Did He Die? the Attributions of Cause of Death among Women Widowed in Later Life
Authors: Bennett Kate Mary
Published: May 2004

The study aimed to examine the causal attributions of death made spontaneously by older widowed women to explain the deaths of their husbands. The data presented are from two qualitative interview studies using the same methodology. There were 65 widows aged between 55 and 93 years old who had been widowed between 0.25 and 60 years. Data were analysed using a grounded theory method and content analysis. Nearly half of the women gave causal explanations for why their husbands died. These explanations can be best understood in terms of lay illness attributions. These results indicate that a broad analysis of cause of death attributions is important in understanding the bereavement experience. The function of attributions in post-bereavement experiences is also examined.
‘We Will Never Ever Forget...’: The Swissair Flight 111 Disaster and its Impact on Volunteers and Communities
Authors: Mitchell Terry L. , Griffin Kara , Stewart Sherry H. , Loba Pamela
Published: May 2004

In collaboration with a Community Advisory Group we examined the impact of the 1998 Swissair Flight 111 disaster on volunteer responders and surrounding communities. We conducted qualitative interviews and administered a set of structured questionnaires to 13 volunteer disaster workers and conducted a focus group with community leaders. Community silence and limited help-seeking behaviour were typical reactions to the SA 111 disaster. The nature and duration of the disaster response efforts contributed to a probable 46 per cent PTSD rate in the community volunteers. Community-based, culturally appropriate followup, as well as the development of volunteer protocols for future disaster response efforts, are necessary to minimize long-term health impacts and to promote resilience among community residents and volunteers exposed to a major disaster.
Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Prevention in South African Schools
Authors: Visser Maretha J. , Schoeman Johan B. , Perold Jan J.
Published: May 2004

This article reports on the implementation of a schoolbased HIV/AIDS and life-skills training program to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among the young people in secondary schools in South Africa. The implementation of the program was evaluated for a period of two years, using process and outcome evaluation and a systems approach to understand the higher-order feedback processes that obstructed the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention. Although HIV/AIDS is a medical condition, this article emphasizes that HIV/AIDS prevention is interrelated with the psychosocial context within the community. Interventions should therefore be conceptualized and implemented in terms of the various levels of interaction in the community.
Assumptions and Values of Community Health Psychology
Authors: Murray Michael , Nelson Geoffrey , Poland Blake , Maticka-Tyndale Eleanor , Ferris Lorraine
Published: May 2004

There is a need to widen the practice of health psychologists to include the theories and methods of community psychology and an awareness of contemporary issues in community health. The aim of such a community health psychology would be both to deepen our understanding of the aetiology of health and illness in society and to develop strategies that will contribute to a reduction in human suffering and an improvement in quality of life. The aim of this article is to review the background and assumptions of community health psychology and to consider some values that would underlie such an approach.
The Prediction of Health-related Behaviour in Elementary School Children
Authors: Lohaus Arnold , Klein-Hessling Johannes , Ball Juliane , Wild Martin
Published: May 2004

This study investigates the importance of psychological concepts with regard to health-related behaviour in elementary school children based on self-report data of 802 second- and fourth-graders. The results show significant relations of self-efficacy and the choice of appropriate coping strategies to positive health-related behaviours. The amount of stress experiences (measured by the Youth Self-Report) is associated to health-risky behaviours for the total sample and for the gender subgroups, while the other predictor variables show inconsistent relations for different subgroups. The significance of the results for health-promotion during early developmental stages is discussed.
HIV/AIDS among Adolescents in Eastern Europe: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, Social Representations of Risk and Sexual Activity among School Children and Homeless Adolescents in Russia, Georgia and the Ukraine
Authors: Goodwin Robin , Kozlova Alexandra , Nizharadze George , Polyakova Galina
Published: May 2004

The two studies reported here focus on knowledge and representations of HIV/AIDS (study 1) plus sexual behaviour and hedonistic values (study 2) among 14–17-year-old school children and similar aged shelter children. Results indicate that shelter children are more sexually active, less knowledgeable about means of HIV transmission and are more likely to hold stereotyped representations of those most at risk of infection. Russian respondents were the most sexually active, a finding which could at least be partly explained by their higher levels of hedonistic values. These findings are discussed in the context of a climate of continuing social change in this region.
Women’s Experiences of Appearance Concern and Body Control across the Lifespan: Challenging accepted wisdom
Authors: Johnston Olwyn , Reilly Jacqueline , Kremer John
Published: May 2004

This study adopted a lifespan approach to women’s experiences of appearance concern and body control. Thirty-two women (aged 16 to 77) were interviewed about their exercise and food regulation. Results of the grounded theory analysis challenge social constructions of appearance concern as associated principally with the reproductive years, and of the body as malleable, and highlight the complexity of the relationship between appearance concern and body control. Despite frequent persistence of (or increase in) appearance concern beyond young adulthood, ‘healthier’ responses to appearance concern occurred due to changing priorities and increasing awareness. Findings highlight the utility of an inclusive and qualitative approach, and the absence of simple and sovereign factors determining an individual’s levels of appearance concern or body control.
Psychosocial Factors in Medical and Psychological Treatment Avoidance: The Role of the Doctor–Patient Relationship
Authors: Moore Philip J. , Sickel Amy E. , Malat Jennifer , Williams David , Jackson James , Adler Nancy E.
Published: May 2004

A community sample of 1106 adults was examined to assess the impact of the doctor–patient relationship on participants’ avoidance of treatment for a recognized medical or psychological problem. Of five aspects of participants’ previous experience with their physicians, all but waiting time predicted participants’ self-reported treatment avoidance. In two logistic regression models participants who felt their physicians listened more to their concerns were less likely to avoid treatment for both medical and psychological problems during the previous 12 months. These findings suggest that patients’ perceptions of how they are treated by physicians may help explain why many people delay or avoid healthcare treatment, even when faced with a significant health problem.
The Broad Autism Phenotype
Authors: Micali N. , Chakrabarti S. , Fombonne E.
Published: May 2004

This study aimed to determine if relatives of children with autism and less severe pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) have higher rates of various components of the broad autistic phenotype. Psychiatric and medical disorders were investigated. Parents of children with PDDs were selected from an epidemiological survey and compared with parents of control children with non-autistic developmental problems. Rates of abnormalities and disorders were compared in relatives of 79 cases and 61 controls. Medical and autoimmune disorders in both groups were endorsed by few relatives. Specific developmental disorders were commoner in parents of controls. Depression and anxiety were significantly more prevalent in mothers of children with PDDs. Significantly more PDD children had at least one firstdegree relative with anxiety and one second-degree relative with OCD. PDDs were commoner in first-degree relatives. The implications of the findings for the definition of the broad phenotype of autism are discussed.
Associated Medical Disorders and Disabilities in Children with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Kielinen Marko , Rantala Heikki , Timonen Eija , Linna Sirkka-Liisa , Moilanen Irma
Published: May 2004

A population-based survey was conducted among 152,732 Finnish children and adolescents aged under 16 years and living in northern Finland. Diagnoses and associated medical conditions were derived from the hospital and institutional records of this area. One hundred and eighty-seven children with DSM-IV autistic disorder were identified. Associated medical disorders or associated disorders of known or suspected genetic origin were found in 12.3 percent, including tuberous sclerosis, Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, chromosome 17 deletion, chromosome 46, XX, dup(8)(p) and mitochondriopathy. Other associated medical disorders identified were epilepsy, hydrocephalus, foetal alcohol syndrome and cerebral palsy. Hearing impairments were found in 8.6 percent and severe impairment of vision in 3.7 percent of the individuals with autistic disorder. Medical disorders seem to have a special impact on the genesis of autistic disorder and need to be thoroughly examined in each child with autistic disorder.
Measuring Developmental Progress of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on School Entry Using Parent Report
Authors: Charman Tony , Howlin Patricia , Berry Bryony , Prince Emily
Published: May 2004

Increasing numbers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diagnosed in the preschool years, and their educational progress must be monitored. Parent questionnaire data can augment psychometric assessments and individual planning at low cost. One hundred and twenty-five parents of UK children who entered dedicated autism primary schools and units in two consecutive calendar years were asked to complete three questionnaires. Fifty-seven parents repeated the questionnaire measures one year later. Encouraging developmental progress was observed on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Screener. Symptom severity as measured by the Social Communication Questionnaire did not change over time. The pattern of change scores on the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist was mixed, and confounding disadvantages this questionnaire. The study demonstrated that it is possible to collect useful information on the progress of children with ASD using parents as informants. Such data would assist in judging claims regarding developmental progress within particular programmes.
Psychoeducational Treatment of Children with Autism and Reactive Attachment Disorder
Authors: Mukaddes Nahit Motavalli , Kaynak F. Nimet , Kinali Gülsevim , Besikci Hümeyra , Issever Halim
Published: May 2004

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of short-term psychoeducational treatment in children with autism and reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Ten boys with autism aged 24–66 months and 11 children with RAD (nine boys and two girls) aged 30–70 months were included in the study. The Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory was used to monitor progress following a 14-session psychoeducational programme. This focused on establishing a reciprocal-dyadic interaction between children and their caregivers and it also provided an educational programme for emotional, social, and language development. Although both groups showed significant changes on all scales of the ADSI, the children with RAD showed greater improvement than the autism group in their total development score, on the language-cognitive subscale, and in social/self-care abilities.
Autism and Learning Disability
Authors: O’Brien Gregory , Pearson Joanne
Published: May 2004

In this article a short overview is given of the relationship between autism and learning disability. Autism exists with any level of intelligence, but many individuals with autism suffer also from learning disability. Although both disorders show overlap in some behaviours they are different in many aspects. Are they distinct syndromes which influence each other, or do they belong to a broad spectrum of a condition?
Autism in Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Trillingsgaard Anegen , Østergaard John R.
Published: May 2004

The aim was to explore the comorbidity between Angelman syndrome and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Identification of autism in children with Angelman syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge. In the present study, 16 children with Angelman syndrome, all with a 15q11-13 deletion, were examined for ASDs. Thirteen children with Angelman syndrome received an ADOS-G algorithm classification of ASD; the remaining three were outside the autistic spectrum. Ten fulfilled the criteria for autism, and three for PDD-NOS. The 10 children with Angelman syndrome and comorbid autism were compared with eight children with only autism regarding their social and communicative skills. The results indicated that Angelman syndrome is better understood in terms of developmental delay, and autism in terms of developmental deviance. It is concluded that autism might have been overdiagnosed due to the extremely low mental age of the children with Angelman syndrome.
Catatonia and Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hare Dougal Julian , Malone Caroline
Published: May 2004

The phenomenon of catatonic-like states in people with autistic spectrum disorders is discussed in the context of current knowledge about catatonia as it occurs in severe mental illness and, less frequently documented, in conjunction with developmental disorders. The existing literature on catatonic-like states in people with autistic spectrum disorders is summarized, and it is suggested that such states are not directly comparable with the existing concepts of catatonia. A concept of ‘autistic catatonia’ is outlined in terms of both its phenomenology and its possible aetiological and maintaining factors. A case study is presented that examines this phenomenon from a cognitive neuropsychological perspective, together with implications for everyday management. The implications of this work for both research and clinical practice are discussed.
Behavioural and Emotional Disturbance in High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Tonge Bruce J. , Brereton Avril V. , Gray Kylie M. , Einfeld Stewart L.
Published: May 2004

This study aimed to determine whether there were differences in behavioural and emotional disturbance (psychopathology) between children and adolescents with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Subjects consisted of 75 children and adolescents with high-functioning autism and 52 with Asperger's disorder (DSM-IV diagnoses). Psychopathology was measured using the Developmental Behaviour Checklist. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for the effects of age and cognitive level was used to determine whether the groups differed in their levels of psychopathology. It was found that children and adolescents with Asperger's disorder presented with higher levels of psychopathology than those with high-functioning autism, were more disruptive, antisocial and anxious, and had more problems with social relationships. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Enhancing Vocal Imitations in Children with Autism Using the IBM Speech Viewer
Authors: Bernard-Opitz Vera , Sriram N. , Sapuan Sharul
Published: May 2004

This experiment compared the effect of computerized visual feedback (computer assisted instruction) with traditional play interaction (personal instruction) in promoting vocal imitation in children with autism. Ten non-verbal children with autism participated in ten sessions. Each session was composed of four sections: a parent and a trainer interacted with the child on the computer or using play interactions. The study was conducted as a simultaneous treatment design and the sequence of experimental conditions was randomized across sessions. Participants showed significantly greater vocal imitations in the computer assisted instruction condition, compared with the personal instruction condition. This trend was present in nine out of ten children. Vocal imitations increased across the sessions, with greater increments in the computer assisted instruction condition. These effects were consistent across both parent and trainer.
Always One Step Behind: Husbands’ Narratives about Taking Care of their Demented Wives
Authors: Kirsi Tapio , Hervonen Antti , Jylhä Marja
Published: May 2004

Based on an analysis of extracts from 11 free-form written texts and 13 focused interviews with Finnish husbands who had given care to their demented wives, this study was aimed at finding out how husbands signify their action as spousal caregivers. The data were approached qualitatively from a social constructionistic point of view. Husbands’ written material described their action of caregiving mainly in a passive voice that echoed duty and responsive agency. Analysis of the interview talk revealed a wider spectrum of voices and more agentive talk about caregiving. The results of the study challenge interpretations of men as either ineffective or capable caregivers and highlight, instead, the contextual nature of the way that men construct their agencies, depending upon the purposes and audiences of their narration.
Discordant Feelings in the Lifeworld of Cancer Survivors
Authors: McKenzie Heather , Crouch Mira
Published: May 2004

This article concerns persons who live in uncertainty following an earlier diagnosis of (and completed treatment for) cancer. Fear of recurrence of the disease underlies the uncertainty and the attendant perception of being profoundly endangered, more ‘at risk’ than anyone else. Such a reflective assessment engenders a sense of separation from the everyday ‘practical consciousness’ that seems effortlessly to be shared by ‘ordinary’ others. The mismatch between the interaction order and individual psychology gives rise to interpersonal emotional dissonance, which forms a significant aspect of the chronic suffering contained in the ‘at-risk illness’ experience of cancer survivors. The article examines the emotional patterns involved in their situation and seeks to elucidate the pain that accompanies their alienation from the lifeworld in which nonetheless they must continue to dwell.
Embodying Heart Disease Through Drawings
Authors: Guillemin Marilys
Published: May 2004

This article examines how women with reported heart disease experience and understand their condition. The participants comprised 32 women, aged 49–54 years, from the mid-age cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health who self-reported to have heart disease. Following individual interviews, each participant was asked to draw her heart disease. The article focuses on the analysis of the drawings of heart disease produced by the women. The drawings were analysed into three themes: first, the heart at the centre, second, the heart in the lived body and finally, heart disease as a social illness. The drawings are considered both as visual products of women’s knowledge about heart disease and also as processes of embodied knowledge production. The use of drawings is an interesting and insightful method with which to explore understandings of illness.
Branding Teena: (Mis)Representations in the Media
Authors: Willox Dino
Published: May 2004

On the night of 31 December 1993, three people were murdered in Nebraska. One of the victims became the subject of an award winning film directed by Kimberly Pierce in 1999. The representation of the main character is based upon interviews with those who knew the person in question, but for obvious reasons this representation can never be validated. In view of this difficulty, critics attempt to describe the complexity of the main character, yet most fail. In this article I will interrogate media representations of Brandon Teena, showing the implicit assumptions inherent in the rhetoric of such articles. Furthermore, I will show how the reportage of Brandon’s murder and the film, Boys Don’t Cry, combine to reinforce the assumption of a male/female gender binary, even though the film director claims to trouble these assumptions. It is my contention that the media undermines any notion of transgender subjectivity through the rhetoric, reportage and representation of the issues made manifest by and through Brandon’s body. I will show that Brandon’s body is branded by such rhetoric and representation, and is assumed to be a site of ‘truth’ that closes the question that transgender poses for subjectivity, gender and sexuality.
The Aesthetics of Orgasm
Authors: Frueh Joanna
Published: May 2004

In the performance art piece ‘The Aesthetics of Orgasm’ I continue the exploration of erotic wisdom that is a primary feature of my scholarship and my art - which are inseparable. Grounding the piece in personal experience, childhood memories, and an amorous relationship, I create, as always in my performance art, a text-based work. Its mix of poetic language and intellect builds both a sensuous and reasoned theory of the beauty of orgasm. As I elucidate the connection between beings as well as bodies and articulate a philosophy of love, I reveal the necessity of being more than simply human. While ‘the’ rather than ‘an’ in the title may seem to be universalizing my position, that is not my intention. I use ‘the’ because it holds more literary power. This version of ‘The Aesthetics of Orgasm’ is a little more than two-thirds of the original piece.
Critical Differentials: Querying the Incongruities within Research on Lesbian Parent Families
Authors: Gabb Jacqui
Published: May 2004

Contemporary research on ‘lesbian families’ tends to portray them as progressive examples of non-nuclear parenting that challenge traditional kinship formation. In contrast my data revealed that, in many instances, it remains the ‘birth mother’ who is figuratively and literally left ‘holding the baby’, and traditional understandings and experiences of family persist. This article calls into question the representativeness of radical models and addresses the differences between research findings on lesbian parent families. Rather than contest the accuracy of others’ research, I argue that the reasons for differences between analyses can be found in the research process. Thus I query the epistemological and methodological foundations of radical research into lesbian parent families.
Sexual Antinomies in Late Modernity
Authors: Jackson Stevi , Scott Sue
Published: May 2004

It is widely assumed that late modern societies are becoming progressively more sexually liberal, regardless of whether this is seen as beneficial or not. However, ‘progress’ in this direction is, in actuality, very uneven and gives rise to a number of antinomies and associated anxieties. For example, in a society where erotic imagery is commonplace in the media, there are still enormous anxieties about preserving children’s sexual ‘innocence’ (i.e. ignorance); gay and lesbian chic exists alongside continued homophobic harassment and violence; queer destabilization of heterosexual norms co-exits with claims for inclusion into homosexual institutions; tolerance of pre-marital, even casual, sex and of marital breakdown and serial relationships coexists with intolerance of teenage pregnancy and the continuing reification of monogamy. This article will explore such tensions, raising questions about the continued ‘special status’ of sexuality and sexual relations.
Enuresis in Children and Young People: a Public Health Nurse Approach in New Zealand
Authors: Heap Joanna M.
Published: May 2004

The involuntary passing of urine at age six and older is called enuresis. Wetting during theday is called diurnal enuresis and wetting at night while asleep is called nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis is second only to allergy as the commonest chronic disorder in childhood. Many children (adolescents are included in the term ‘children’) who are nocturnal enuretics exhibit behaviours such as low self-esteem, withdrawal, less ambition and increased anxiety. These children are often low achievers within the school system and become a problem for their family and school. In this article the author discusses a child/adolescent-centred primary nocturnal enuresis program and service that is administered by a group of public health nurses in South Auckland, New Zealand.
Health Needs of Young Offenders
Authors: Anderson Lisa , Vostanis Panos , Spencer Nick
Published: May 2004

Health services’ input to the Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) is an integral component of the YOTs’ philosophy. Fifty young people aged 14–18 years, who attended two representative YOTs consecutively, completed a health checklist and a strengths and difficulties questionnaire. They were interviewed on the health of the nation outcome scales for children and adolescents and their perceptions of health needs and services. The young people reported high rates of accidents and injuries, admissions to hospital, emotional and peer relationships difficulties. Their perceptions of what mental illness means varied between stigma, aggression, lack of coping, previous experiences and physical ill-health. Only five young people expressed a wish to receive mental health help. The findings are discussed in relation to health services provision to the YOTs.
Children with Specific Language Impairment: Parental Accounts of the Early Years
Authors: Rannard Anne , Lyons Christina , Glenn Sheila
Published: May 2004

Parent views of specific language impairment have received little attention in the literature, even though speech and language development is the single greatest area of concern for parents. This article examines parental views of events up to, and including, language unit admission for their children. A series of qualitative interviews was conducted with parents. Parents felt that, apart from speech and language difficulties, the children were developing normally. They placed a low value on speech and language therapy, and saw language unit admission as the only intervention that ‘worked’. Initially, some children were placed in mainstream school, where their failure to keep up with peers resulted in transfer to a language unit. Parent views provide a unique understanding of the impact of specific language impairment on the child and family. Such information is essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Scratching the Surface
Authors: Snapper Juliana
Published: May 2004

The article explores hip-hop turntablism as a response to the constricted roles offered to racialized Americans in commercial music culture. Drawing on postcolonial theory and critical musicology, the article looks at the means by which turntablists such as DJs Qbert and Kuttin Kandi confront internal forms of American cultural imperialism. More than ornamental fixtures for mainstream rap artists, turntablists are soloists with a range of specialized techniques through which they combine recordings into new works (mixing, beat-juggling) and pull expansive timbral sequences from the vinyl (scratching). These processes enable a broad spectrum of sounds and references, opening the door for turntablists to play with memory and with imperial narratives of progress. In performance, turntablists blur external racial definitions while paradoxically reinforcing subnational communities. In addition, because they appropriate commercial recordings and use primarily independent means of production and distribution, turntablists subvert a market powered by a handful of multinational companies.
Uncanny Identities
Authors: Boomkens RenÈ
Published: May 2004

Pop music has gradually lost its exclusive ties with (rebellious) youth culture and has developed into a more general cultural domain with a global effect. In fact, pop music nowadays can be seen as the strongest globalizing force in culture, thanks to its specific translating abilities. The musical career of Elvis Costello is taken as exemplary of this gradual shift of pop music from a youth cultural to a more general and dominant cultural domain in which local cultural identities are constantly translated into musical forms destined to reach a more generalized global audience and in which the dividing lines between high and low and between ‘commercial’ and ‘artistic’ culture are being crossed time and time again. This does not produce a clear and distinct new cultural identity, but invokes an endless play with all kinds of uncanny identities.
Australian Mixed Race
Authors: Perkins Maureen
Published: May 2004

This article argues against the case for colour-blindness as a fundamental principle of liberal policy and recommends more colourconsciousness rather than less. The growth in mixed race studies around the world suggests that the use of terms of colour, black and white, to indicate a simple racial binary is being eroded by more complicated ‘in-between’ positions, which are now demanding recognition. In Australia, where black and white mean Indigenous and non-Indigenous, terms of ‘mixed’ identity carry a residue of colonial racist usage and are unequivocally rejected by Aboriginal communities. In refusing to consider ‘mixedness’, however, Australian culture makes national loyalty and a sense of belonging difficult for those non-white Australians who are not Indigenous. The article compares the Australian census with those in the UK and US to show that there needs to be much more discussion of the terminology used to discuss colour in order to keep up to date with the crumbling of racial boundaries and the increasing numbers of interracial children.
Is Doctor Who Political?
Authors: McKee Alan
Published: May 2004

This article presents the results of a research project that investigated the vernacular political philosophy of the television programme Doctor Who. Fans were asked about their political thinking, their interpretations of the politics of that programme and the relationship between the two. The results contribute to a cultural history of the political natures of different kinds of texts. These television viewers are revealed to be well able to articulate their own political thinking and to argue cogently that Doctor Who is not useful for that thinking. The politics of this group range from self-nominated Marxist to extreme right wing, and their interpretations of the programme’s politics, when asked to produce them, are similarly wide ranging. It seems that the programme does not function as vernacular political philosophy. This has implications for thinking about the ‘ideology’ of popular texts.
Self-Help, Media Cultures and the Production of Female Psychopathology
Authors: Blackman Lisa
Published: May 2004

This article brings together work at the intersection of critical psychology and cultural studies to explore the psychological and cultural significance of women’s magazine culture. Drawing on rhetorical psychology and Foucault’s later work on ‘techniques of the self’, it explores the complex injunctions and positionings that create the range of gendered anxieties and dilemmas produced within neoliberal relations. Self-help is discussed as a practice that condenses or brings together a range of cultural anxieties, bodily tensions, emotional economies and forms of psychopathology which are ‘already constituted’ lived realities for many of the readers engaging with these magazines. The article concludes that further engagement with critical psychology by cultural theorists will enable cultural studies to bring the body back into cultural theory and to consider the translation of cultural injunctions across the designations of race, class, sexuality and gender.
Glocal Mobilities
Authors: Luke Carmen
Published: May 2004

This article examines the relationships between multiple migrant travels and identity (re)formations among interracial families. Data are drawn from a qualitative study of 60 interracial Australian families with one partner of identifiable Indo-Asian descent. The data reveal how couples cope with racializing practices within immediate and extended families and the local community; and how ‘passing’, ‘crossing’ and ‘estrangements’ constitute transformational mobilities and movement in identity formation and in the everyday fabric of interracial family life.
The Productive ‘Consumer’ and the Dispersed ‘Citizen’
Authors: Couldry Nick
Published: May 2004

This article argues for a more nuanced approach to the relationships between the figures of ‘consumer’ and ‘citizen’, normally assumed to exist in separate spaces. Against the idea that each acquires information and feelings of connection in isolation (the ‘plugged-in monad model’), the article argues for an open research agenda into how the spaces of public connection that frame both practices are sustained and the common issues of trust that affect them. This is linked to the author’s forthcoming research into media consumption and public connection. The conclusion reflects briefly on the policy implications of this research direction.
The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence
Authors: Jenkins Henry
Published: May 2004

Responding to the contradictory nature of our current moment of media change, this article will sketch a theory of media convergence that allows us to identify major sites of tension and transition shaping the media environment for the coming decade. Media convergence is more than simply a technological shift. Convergence alters the relationship between existing technologies, industries, markets, genres and audiences.
Little Friends
Authors: Donald Stephanie Hemelryk
Published: May 2004

The production and distribution of media content are an increasingly important part of the move to diversify and internationalize China’s economy, although changes have been managed so as to maintain central control over the political sphere. This article argues that children are exemplary consumers in an internationalized environment. They retain and reiterate a sense of local and national identity, but are also fully competent in their relationship to new knowledge in a new world.
Not So Cool Britannia
Authors: Oakley Kate
Published: May 2004

This article provides a brief overview of current UK policy and practice in the area of the creative industries and economic development and aims to raise concerns about what I see as the problems arising in the implementation of these policies. It argues that the desire to use ‘creative industries’ as a single weapon with which to turn around economically depressed regions risks creating polarized and unsustainable economic development. Creative industries developments, if they are to succeed, cannot be disconnected from the cultural policies that nurtured them and the social policies that can help to sustain them.
Beyond the Great Divide
Authors: Uricchio William
Published: May 2004

The term ‘creative industries’ has different patterns of deployment. The main fault lines have traditionally appeared between the US, where the marketplace and consumer rule, and much of the rest of the world, where notions of the cultural public sphere and citizenship remain relevant (if under siege). But peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and open source software communities may offer an unexpected challenge to these two constructions. The realignment of the citizen/consumer divide, brought about by the blurring of producer/consumer relations and the requirements of citizenship in digitally enabled communities, holds the possibility for a redefined notion of creative industries.
The ‘Value Chain of Meaning’ and the New Economy
Authors: Hartley John
Published: May 2004

If there is a ‘value chain’ of meaning, corresponding tovalue chains in business, then a suggestive correlation can be explored between author/production, text/commodity and audience/consumer. This article argues that meaning has been attributed to different sources in different historical epochs and that these have been associated with successive stages of the value chain in premodern, modern and contemporary (globalized) times. The analysis suggests that creative and cultural activities whose meanings are associated with one link in the chain (i.e. consumer/audience) may be negatively valued or even unintelligible to those whose ideological or disciplinary training centres on a different link (i.e. text/commodity or author/production). If observed from such a perspective, a critical ‘parallax error’ may distort our view of creativity in the new consumer economy.
An Intergroup Theories Approach to Direct Political Action among African Americans
Authors: Berman Schuyler L. , Wittig Michele A.
Published: May 2004

Data from the 1984 US National Black Election Study were used to test a model of African American direct political action. Constructs derived from intergroup relations theories, churchbased resources, and socioeconomic status (SES) accounted for 72% of the variance in direct political action. The intergroup relations portion of the model shows that group consciousness influences group identification, which in turn, predicts direct political action. The organizational resources of African American churches were shown to promote direct political action when traditional political participation was limited. These churches influenced members’ involvement in customary electoral activities as these opportunities became more accessible. This model demonstrates that intergroup relations constructs and organizational resources operate over and above the human capital implied by one’s SES.
Individual Differences in Reactions to Sexist Humor
Authors: Thomas Caroline A. , Esses Victoria M.
Published: May 2004

This research investigated the relation between sexism, general prejudice, and reactions to sexist humor. Eighty-one male participants completed measures of modern sexism, ambivalent sexism, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation, and rated the funniness, offensiveness, and likelihood of repeating female-disparaging and male-disparaging jokes. Results revealed that men who were higher in hostile sexism were especially likely to report that they would repeat the female-disparaging jokes, and rated these jokes as funnier than did men who were lower in hostile sexism. In addition, the relation between hostile sexism and the likelihood of repeating these jokes was mediated by their perceived funniness. These effects were not evident for the male-disparaging jokes. Results are discussed in terms of the function of sexist humor.
Group Size, Group Status and Dimensions of Contact as Predictors of Intergroup Attitudes
Authors: Liebkind Karmela , Nyström Sonja , Honkanummi Eeva , Lange Anders
Published: May 2004

In a large nation-wide probability sample of majority and minority groups in two countries (in Finland and Sweden), more positive intergroup attitudes were, as expected, associated with higher status, more intergroup contact and higher familiarity of contact partner. Supporting predictions, smaller numerical group size was associated with more negative intergroup attitudes only when amount of contact was controlled for. In addition, group size and group status interacted such that the high status majority and the low status minority held the most positive intergroup attitudes, and familiarity of contact partner had more positive effects on intergroup attitudes when the contact partner was typical of the outgroup. However, typicality of contact partner did not moderate the effect of contact on attitudes.
Heterosexist Ambivalence and Heterocentric Norms: Drinking in Intergroup Discomfort
Authors: Hegarty Peter , Pratto Felicia , Lemieux Anthony F.
Published: May 2004

Eighty two participants read about either a gay male target who felt discomfort in a straight bar or a straight male target who felt discomfort in a gay bar. Participants explained the discomfort, rated the target’s actions, and produced counterfactuals that ‘undid’ his discomfort. Explanations of the targets’ discomfort focused on gayness more than on straightness, suggesting that they were affected by heterocentric norms. The straight target’s expressions of discomfort were perceived as more appropriate than the gay target’s, particularly among participants with strong anti-gay attitudes. Counterfactuals which undid these events also suggested implicit inequities in the perceived norms for interactions between gay and straight persons. These results are explained in terms of ambivalence between support for egalitarianism and anti-gay affect and the continued operation of heterocentric norms that limit the degree to which egalitarianism translates into equal treatment of persons of all sexual orientations.
Jurors’ Responses to Expert Witness Testimony: The Effects of Gender Stereotypes
Authors: McKimmie Blake M. , Newton Cameron J. , Terry Deborah J. , Schuller Regina A.
Published: May 2004

The present study investigated whether the impact of expert testimony was influenced by the congruency between the gender of the expert and the gender orientation of the case. Participants ( N = 62) read a trial transcript involving a price-fixing allegation in either a male or female oriented domain. Within the case, the gender of the expert was manipulated. As predicted, the impact of the expert (e.g. damage awards) was greater when the gender of the expert and domain of the case were congruent as opposed to incongruent. Results also indicated that the impact of gender-domain congruency was particularly pronounced following group discussion. In addition, there was evidence that this effect was mediated through participants’ evaluations of the expert witness.
Whither European Citizenship?
Authors: Shore Cris
Published: May 2004

A claim frequently made about European Citizenship is that by decoupling ‘rights’ from ‘identity’ it challenges us to rethink the classical Westphalian model of citizenship. According to some EU scholars and constitutional experts, this beckons a new form of ‘supranational’ citizenship practice based not on emotional attachments to territory and cultural affinities (‘Eros’), but to the rights and values of a civil society – or what Habermas calls ‘constitutional patriotism’. This article uses anthropological insights to critique these arguments and to analyse the EU’s own citizenship-building policies and practices. It concludes that rights cannot be meaningfully divorced from identity and that citizenship devoid of emotion is neither feasible nor desirable. Finally, it considers the idea of ‘post-national democracy’ and what this might entail in a modern European context.
Knowledge and Human Liberation
Authors: Giri Ananta Kumar
Published: May 2004

Knowledge and human liberation are epochal challenges and a key question here is what the meaning of knowledge and the meaning of human liberation are. This article argues that knowledge means not only knowledge of self, society and nature as conceived within the predominant dualistic logic of modernity but also knowledge of transcendental self beyond sociological role playing, knowledge of nature beyond anthropocentric reduction and control, and knowledge of cosmos, God and transcendence in an interconnected spirit of autonomy and interpenetration. Liberation means not only liberation from oppressive structures but also liberation from one’s ego and the will to control and dominate. The article discusses the transformative link between knowledge and liberation through a critical dialogue with Jürgen Habermas and Sri Aurobindo, focusing mainly on their works, Knowledge and Human Interests and Synthesis of Yoga. The article does not simply compare and contrast Habermas and Sri Aurobindo or compare and contrast the so-called Western rationality and Eastern spirituality but seeks to create a condition for transformative criticism for both.
Anger in Repressive Regimes
Authors: Flam Helena
Published: May 2004

A well-established idea is that the powerless, even when they are angered by the relations of domination or their consequences, do not display this anger for fear of negative sanctions. Although in the first part of his Domination and the Arts of ResistanceJames Scott elaborates this idea in a creative manner, he challenges it in the second part of his book. He proposes that when autonomous spaces emerge in the systems of absolute domination, the powerless use them to develop their own cultures of solidarity and dissent. These make it highly probable that the long-suppressed anger, rather than just simmering, will one day explode in the face of the oppressor with a satisfying full blast. In this article I use mostly Central European material to argue against Scott’s unorthodox view. I line up evidence in support of the thesis that, even where there are autonomous spaces and cultures of dissent, citizens display apathy and protesters start out with much anxiety and caution, afraid to provoke the anger of the powerful. Fear of repression and the wish to dilute one’s own and the onlookers’ anxiety, I argue, account for why, in this region after 1980, protest assumed ever more ambivalent, satirical and carnivalesque forms. Not anger, but rather a mixture of fear and hope – the latter propagated by the leading ÈmigrÈ and domestic dissidents – dictated the display of such emotions as anxiety, but also sorrow or joy.
Anger in Legacies of Empire
Authors: West-Newman Catherine Lane
Published: May 2004

Cultural norms and values, as well as historical, social, and legal contexts shape the public uses and expressions of particular emotions, including anger. In the settler states of Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, indigenous peoples and those who came later negotiate the unfinished business of empire. Their exchanges are framed in terms of ethnic identity and difference. It is argued here that anger plays a significant part in the legal and political processes of claim, denial, and response through which these differences are articulated and transacted. This article examines situations where people whose very naming is a product of European thought engage in the struggles of decolonization. The very different occasions and forms of anger over justice claims described illustrate the extent to which meanings are not shared in these societies.