bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Chapelle and Massialot
Authors: Hyman Philip , Hyman Mary
Published: June 2024

A number of important new cookery books appeared in France in the latter part of the 17th century. And a further cloudburst of new works rained down in the middle years of the 18th century. But from about 1695 until 1740 or so there was a curious lull. With only minor exceptions, all the new cookery books of this period were the work of two men, François Massialot and Vincent La Chapelle. 
Massialot had in fact produced the first version of his book, which was originally called Le Cuisinier roial et bourgeois, in 1691 and it was reprinted on at least four occasions during the following fifteen years. But in 1712 he produced a changed and enlarged version called Le nouveau Cuisinier Royal et Bourgeois and this was again enlarged in 1730 and later. The enlargements were sufficiently considerable to warrant describing the later versions as new writing. 
La Chapelle first published his work The Modern Cook (in English) in 1733. In 1735 he published both a French version (Le Cuisinier Moderne) and a reprint of the English version. A second French edition, with a new volume added, came out in 1742. 
Thus these two writers dominated the field for some time; and they did so in sharp rivalry. Massialot accused LaChapelle of plagiarising him unscrupulously. La Chapelle rejected the charge outright and held up some of Massialot's recipes to ridicule. He invited anyone to compare the two rival works and stated his conviction that the result could only be a complete vindication of his own position. 
One might have expected Massialot to take up the challenge. But he did not. It seems likely that he died or had died (the year of his death seems not to have been established with certainty) at the relevant time. And there is no sign, so far as we know, that the gage flung down by La Chapelle in 1742 has been taken up until now, 237 years later. 
Philip and Mary Hyman, Americans who live in Paris and who have for years been studying the history of French cookery and French cookery writing, have, at long last, carried out the methodical comparison needed to establish the truth. We are glad to present here the rather startling results; and we hope that they will follow up this investigation by attempting, next year, a considered assessment of La Chapelle's work and of his reputation as an innovator in the history of French cooking.
Kibbeh Nayyeh
Authors: Aljure Suad
Published: June 2024

A family recipe for kibbeh
Banketting Stuffe
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

The article looks at 17th-century dining habits wherein the 'banquet' (dessert) was served in a separate room from the main dining hall where guests partook of sweet dishes and also explores some of the history of sugar confectionery.
Early Arab Cooking and Cookery Manuscripts
Authors: Roden Claudia
Published: June 2024

Claudia Roden, author of A Book of Middle Eastern Food, was led in her researches for it to examine the surviving evidence about Arab cooking in the pre-Islamic period and the era of the Moslem Empire. 
Learned articles by Professor A.J. Arberry and Professor Maxime Rodinson formed a basis on which she prepared a talk delivered to the Symposium on Cookery Books held at Saint Antony's College, Oxford, on 31 May 1980. 
Professor Arberry's article 'A Baghdad Cookery Book', published in Islamic Culture 13 (1939) includes a translation of a manuscript cookery book of 1226. 
In 1949 the eminent French orientalist Professor Maxime Rodinson published 'Recherches sur les Documents Arabes Relatifs ala Cuisine' in the Revue des Etudes Islamiques. In this sociological study of the history of food in the Arab world, he discusses early culinary literature, analyses cookery manuals and describes the court cuisine of the 12th and 13th centuries. Professor Rodinson later contributed to the first symposium of the 'Accademia Italiana Della Cucina,' in Venice in 1967, an essay on 'The Spice Trade and the Oriental influence on European Cooking'. 
The novel perspectives revealed to Claudia Roden's audience at Oxford aroused great interest and a keen demand for 'the text'. However, like the early scribes whose work she cited, she had only a manuscript. The present essay is a slightly elaborated version of that manuscript. We print it in the belief that it is an important contribution to an area of research in which much work remains to be done - work which can be expected to cast fresh light on the origins of European cuisines of the Renaissance and later.
Speculations on Peppers
Authors: Ortiz Elisabeth Lambert
Published: June 2024

This article, which deals mainly with the origin and spread of peppers of the genus Capsicum, refers also to Piper nigrum, black pepper, and to the green and red peppercorns which have recently become fashionable. It is neatly complemented by the article which follows it, in which Philip and Mary Hyman discuss the less familiar 'long pepper' and its fall from favour in western countries.
Branded Podcast Classification Proposal Based on Brand Presence in the Narrative: From Brand-Free to Persuasive
Authors: Fitó-Carreras Maria , Méndiz-Noguero Alfonso , Vidal-Mestre Monserrat
Published: June 2024

The creation of branded content through the podcast is gaining weight in brand communication strategies. With branded content, brands reach new consumers with contents imbued with their values and personality and no persuasive intrusions. However, there are branded podcasts with a marked brand presence aimed at the selling or contracting of the products or services the brand represents. The main aim of this study is to propose a classification of branded podcasts based on the presence of the brand in the audio narrative and to analyse whether a high degree of branding in the branded podcast undermines the unintrusive nature of branded content and whether this converts the format into one of conventional advertising. To this end, we developed a proprietary qualitative-quantitative deductive method adapted to the research subject with which we examined 10 branded podcasts. Among the main conclusions, we highlight that the presence of a high degree of branding in the content undermines the brand-free nature of the branded content technique. When the brand’s presence is high and its persuasive intention is perceived, the branded podcast acquires the intrinsic character of conventional advertising.
Generative AI changes the book publishing industry: reengineering of business processes
Authors: Ryzhko Olena , Krainikova Tetiana , Vodolazka Svitlana , Sokolova Kateryna
Published: June 2024

The research defines main direction of book publishing houses reengineering based on the analysis of successful cases of AI use in publishing business. The timeline of the research started in August 2023 and was summarised in the beginning of January 2024. The main methods were expert interview, monitoring of international and Ukrainian internet platforms, and document analysis. The study showed that the main aspects of business processes reengineering in publishing houses, based on the use of AI, are: (1) development of business strategies and plans; (2) development of digital spaces in publishing houses; (3) emerging of new professions; (4) discussions and their summaries; (5) received manuscripts check; (6) finding plagiarism; (7) preparation of creative, advertising, and presentation materials; (8) working with numbers and databases. The recommendations on the use of AI in business processes are extracted from the policies of the organisations connected with the book publishing industry. They are presented in the convenient table for further use.
One of the study results showed that Ukrainian publishing houses discuss the capabilities of AI for generating different types and formats of content, and based on that, AI capabilities for reengineering are considered. One of the biggest challenges, created by AI, is that the technology develops faster than people can perceive so they struggle to describe the technology itself and its impact. It means that we should adjust to the changes, caused by exponential development of AI, finding resources to overcome unequal access to AI capabilities in the process of specialists’ preparation.
METHOD OF IMPERATIVE VARIABLES FOR SEARCH AUTOMATION OF TEXTUAL CONTENT IN UNSTRUCTURED DOCUMENTS
Authors: Boiko V. O.
Published: June 2024

Context. Currently, there are a lot of approaches that are used for textual search. Nowadays, methods such as pattern-matching and optical character recognition are highly used for retrieving preferred information from documents with proven effectiveness. However, they work with a common or predictive document structure, while unstructured documents are neglected. The problem – is automating the textual search in documents with unstructured content. The object of the study was to develop a method and implement it into an efficient model for searching the content in unstructured textual information.
Objective. The goal of the work is the implementation of a rule-based textual search method and a model for seeking and retrieving information from documents with unstructured text content.
Method. To achieve the purpose of the research, the method of rule-based textual search in heterogenous content was developed and applied in the appropriately designed model. It is based on natural language processing that has been improved in recent years along with a new generative artificial intelligence becoming more available.
Results. The method has been implemented in a designed model that represents a pattern or a framework of unstructured textual search for software engineers. The application programming interface has been implemented.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments have confirmed the proposed software’s operability and allow recommendations for use in practice for solving the problems of textual search in unstructured documents. The prospects for further research may include the improvement of the performance using multithreading or parallelization for large textual documents along with the optimization approaches to minimize the impact of OpenAI application programming interface content processing limitations. Furthermore, additional investigation might incorporate extending the area of imperative variables usage in programming and software development.
DETERMINING OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN COMPLEXITY DUE TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF CLASSES OF OPEN-SOURCE WEB APPLICATIONS CREATED USING PHP FRAMEWORKS
Authors: Prykhodko A. S. , Malakhov E. V.
Published: June 2024

Context. The problem of determining the object-oriented design (OOD) complexity of the open-source software, including Web apps created using the PHP frameworks, is important because nowadays open-source software is growing in popularity and using the PHP frameworks making app development faster. The object of the study is the process of determining the OOD complexity of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks. The subject of the study is the mathematical models to determine the OOD complexity due to the identification of classes of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks.
Objective. The goal of the work is the build a mathematical model for determining the OOD complexity due to the identification of classes of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks based on the three-variate Box-Cox normalizing transformation to increase confidence in determining the OOD complexity of these apps.
Method. The mathematical model for determining the OOD complexity due to the identification of classes of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks is constructed in the form of the prediction ellipsoid equation for normalized metrics WMC, DIT, and NOC at the app level. We apply the three-variate Box-Cox transformation for normalizing the above metrics. The maximum likelihood method is used to compute the parameter estimates of the three-variate Box-Cox transformation.
Results. A comparison of the constructed model based on the F distribution quantile with the prediction ellipsoid equation based on the Chi-Square distribution quantile has been performed.
Conclusions. The mathematical model in the form of the prediction ellipsoid equation for the normalized WMC, DIT, and NOC metrics at the app level to determine the OOD complexity due to the identification of classes of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks is firstly built based on the three-variate Box-Cox transformation. This model takes into account the correlation between the WMC, DIT, and NOC metrics at the app level. The prospects for further research may include the use of other data sets to confirm or change the prediction ellipsoid equation for determining the OOD complexity due to the identification of classes of the open-source Web apps created using the PHP frameworks.
USING MODULAR NEURAL NETWORKS AND MACHINE LEARNING WITH REINFORCEMENT LEARNING TO SOLVE CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Leoshchenko S. D. , Oliinyk A. O. , Subbotin S. A. , Kolpakova T. O.
Published: June 2024

Context. The solution of the classification problem (including graphical data) based on the use of modular neural networks and modified machine learning methods with reinforcement for the synthesis of neuromodels that are characterized by a high level of accuracy is considered. The object of research is the process of synthesizing modular neural networks based on machine learning methods with reinforcement.
Objective is to develop a method for synthesizing modular neural networks based on machine learning methods with reinforcement, for constructing high-precision neuromodels for solving classification problems.
Method. A method for synthesizing modular neural networks based on a reinforcement machine learning approach is proposed. At the beginning, after initializing a system of modular neural networks built on the bottom-up principle, input data is provided – a training set of data from the sample and a hyperparameter to select the size of each module. The result of this method is a trained system of modular neural networks. The process starts with a single supergroup that contains all the categories of the data set. Then the network size is selected. The output matrix is softmax, similar to the trained network. After that, the average probability of softmax is used as a similarity indicator for group categories. If new child supergroups are formed, the module learns to classify between new supergroups. The training cycle of modular neural network modules is repeated until the training modules of all supergroups are completed. This method allows you to improve the accuracy of the resulting model.
Results. The developed method is implemented and investigated on the example of neuromodel synthesis based on a modular neural network for image classification, which can later be used as a model for technical diagnostics. Using the developed method significantly reduces the resource intensity of setting up hyperparameters.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed method of neuromodel synthesis for image classification and allow us to recommend it for use in practice in the synthesis of modular neural networks as a basis for classification models for further automation of tasks of technical diagnostics and image recognition using big data. Prospects for further research may lie in using the parallel capacities of GPU-based computing systems to organize directly modular neural networks based on them.
FACE RECOGNITION USING THE TEN-VARIATE PREDICTION ELLIPSOID FOR NORMALIZED DATA BASED ON THE BOX-COX TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Prykhodko S. B. , Trukhov A. S.
Published: June 2024

Context. Face recognition, which is one of the tasks of pattern recognition, plays an important role in the modern information world and is widely used in various fields, including security systems, access control, etc. This makes it an important tool for security and personalization. However, the low probability of identifying a person by face can have negative consequences, so there is a need for the development and improvement of face recognition methods. The object of research is the face recognition process. The subject of the research is a mathematical model for face recognition.
One of the frequently used methods of pattern recognition is the construction of decision rules based on the prediction ellipsoid. An important limitation of its application is the need to fulfill the assumption of a multivariate normal distribution of data. However, in many cases, the multivariate distribution of real data may deviate from normal, which leads to a decrease in the probability of recognition. Therefore, there is a need to improve mathematical models that would take into account the specified deviation.
The objective of the work is to increase the probability of face recognition by constructing a ten-variate prediction ellipsoid for data normalized by the Box-Cox transformation.
Method. Application of the Mardia test to test the deviation of a multivariate distribution of data from normality. Building decision rules for face recognition using a ten-variate prediction ellipsoid for data normalized based on the Box-Cox transformation. Obtaining estimates of the parameters of the univariate and ten-variate Box-Cox transformations using the maximum likelihood method.
Results. A comparison of the results of face recognition using decision rules, which were built using a ten-variate ellipsoid of prediction for data normalized by various transformations, was carried out. In comparison with the use of univariate normalizing transformations (decimal logarithm and Box-Cox) and the absence of normalization, the use of the ten-variate Box-Cox transformation leads to an increase in the probability of face recognition.
Conclusions. For face recognition, a mathematical model in the form of a ten-variate prediction ellipsoid for data normalized using the multivariate Box-Cox transformation has been improved, which allows to increase in the probability of recognition in comparison with the use of corresponding models that are built either without normalization or with the use of univariate normalizing transformations. It was found that a mathematical model built for normalized data using a multivariate Box-Cox transformation has a higher probability of recognition since univariate transformations neglect the correlation between geometric features of the face.
A mechatronic system for studying control processes on the example of a "Glide" type aircraft model
Authors: Nazarova O.S. , Kulynych E.M. , Berezhnyi O.Yu.
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Development of a mechatronic system based on the example of a Glider type aircraft model for studying and researching its control processes.
Methodology. Physical experiment on the developed laboratory bench, computer modelling, calculation and analytical methods.
Findings. In the course of the study, the main processes of glider control were considered and analyzed: the interaction of the pilot's controls and the operating mechanisms of the wing. An analysis of the shortcomings and advantages of existing developments on the subject under study was carried out, taking into account the issues of mobility, economy, simplicity and reliability of implementation, as well as the possibility of using it as a training stand. A laboratory stand has been developed in the form of a mechatronic system based on the example of a "Glider" type aircraft model for studying and researching the interaction processes of control bodies and flight executive mechanisms. The software and hardware complex is connected using the USB interface. A SOC platform with an ArduinoUno microcontroller was used to process processor commands and convert them into aileron movements. The Logitech Extreme 3D joystick was chosen as the control interface. In order to increase the similarity to real systems, a certain delay (inertia) is provided between the moment of the operator's impact on the joystick and the response of the glider. Styrofoam was used as the material of the glider model. Servo drives MG-90S and DS-37 are used to control the position of the moving parts of the glider model. The airframe is rotated using a 28BYJ-48 engine. Software has been developed, the feature of which is easy setup and quick start-up of the laboratory stand. Provide for the possibility of keeping a log, which will allow analysis of the actions of the stand operator. As a result of the conducted research, the features of glider control and the structure of the mechanisms that ensure the control process were determined.
Originality. A mechatronic system of a "Glider" type aircraft model based on an ArduinoUno-based software-hardware complex has been proposed and developed, which differs from the existing ones by the presence of a program that provides easy setup and quick start-up of the aircraft, which allows you to study the interaction of control bodies and executive mechanisms flight.
Practical value. The developed laboratory stand based on the "Glider" type aircraft expands the possibilities of studying and researching electromechanical processes of automatic control systems of complex mechatronic objects.
Differences in Perceptions of the Quality of Education and Employment Effectiveness of Schools in a Non-Skills-Focused Education System
Authors: Laurisz Norbert , Sanak-Kosmowska Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This paper is an attempt to identify differences between schools within the same education system in terms of how to improve students' chances of success in the labour market. The main objective is to identify differences between schools and between students' attitudes and views. In doing so, the authors take the first step in analysing the quality of education in a non-skills-focused education system.
Research Design & Methods: The research was conducted in 2022 in 3 different schools in the Małopolska region. Pupils in the final classes of primary schools were surveyed. The questionnaire was completed by all students in the class (sample size: 156). The results of a survey conducted in 3 types of schools - urban public school, urban private school, and rural school - are presented.
Findings: The results of the research show that there are clear differences in opinions about the quality of the education system in schools, and differences in statements about training for future development, actual involvement in training, or perceptions of entrepreneurship or attitudes towards money. The school for which these factors develop differently than for the other schools is the private school. Pupils there rate the quality of education and its employability much higher than in public schools. Pupils in private schools are much less likely to seek opportunities to acquire skills outside the education system. The analyses show that the differences between a rural public school and an urban private school are greater than those between an urban public school and a rural public school.
Implications/Recommendations: The article diagnoses and shows that despite operating within an education system, one school is able to operate more efficiently and in a more employment-friendly way than others. The article suggests that a key aspect of finding solutions to the poor evaluation of the quality of education in the case of public schools is to answer the question of what characteristics of a private school influence its better perception by students. For example, it could be that private schools are more likely to encourage students to think about their future careers, that teachers provide more career-related content as part of the educational process, or that the school is generally rated significantly better than others in preparing students for working life.
Contribution/Value Added: The article provides evidence that different organisations can influence the quality of the educational process, particularly in the context of students' transition to the labour market and future employment.
Leadership and context for the improvement of quality education in socio-deprived school contexts
Authors: Heystek Jan , Shula Melese
Published: June 2024

In this article we report on an exploration of leadership and context for the improvement of quality education in South African socioeconomic-deprived school contexts viewed through Hellinger’s contextual theory, open systems theory, Bronfenbrenner’s ecology of human development, and Bourdieu’s theory of field, habitus and power. A post positivistic approach allowed for a quantitative research design which employed an interpretivist lens to use the theory and the context to interpret the numbers. A self-designed questionnaire was used for the data collection. We analysed the data by means of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) analysis program and evaluated using a Likert scale. In the study reported on here, the mean scores – sorted from the highest, which means the most important factor, to the lowest – are presented. The findings reveal that low teacher professionalism and non-compliance to the regulations, contextual factors outside the schools (teenage pregnancy, vandalism), learners’ circumstantial challenges, high accountability by the department without considering schools’ contextual factors, and a lack of parental involvement in the teaching-learning process were among the biggest challenges for principals to influence quality education.
The Vertebral morphology in dolphins (Delphinidae): A 3D approach
Authors: Marchesi María Constanza
Published: June 2024

For almost 90 years, the cetacean vertebral column has puzzled scientists. This is the first 3D geometric morphometric study on the vertebral column of such a numerous group of small odontocetes (24 species). It uses a functional subdivision of the cetacean vertebral column and three landmark configurations to describe and compare vertebral morphology in Delphinidae, relating particular morphologies with the biomechanical requirements of each species. To this end, I assess the effect of size, and that of size and subfamily on vertebral morphology. I also analyzed the statistical differences in shape between species. Phylomorphospaces were created to assess similarities or differences in shape between closely related species with similar/dissimilar habitats. The allometric effect was low in all regions, and there were subfamily-specific allometric effects. Differences between species were greater in the mid-column but this was only partially confirmed statistically, presumably due to low n for some species. The percentage of variance explained by the first two PCs was higher than 58% in all regions, with the torso and the tail stock showing the greatest percentages of explained variance. The results suggest that the common ancestor of dolphins would have be a non-fast-swimming oceanic species. Coastal habitats seem to have evolved secondarily by means of a reduction in vertebral count, and vertebral morphology associated with greater flexibility (i. e., longer centra, smaller faces). On the contrary, an increased total count and disk-shaped vertebrae were observed to varying degrees in non-coastal species, with the most extreme modifications being found in species with particular habitat specializations. My results support the hypothesis that diversification in vertebral morphology in association to particular habitats was a key factor in delphinid explosive radiation, and provides descriptive basis for analysis of the phylogenetic constrains in vertebral morphology needed to elucidate dolphin diversification and the factors behind it.
Satisfacción laboral del personal sanitario durante el covid-19 en la ciudad de Loja - Ecuador
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Santo Domingo, Castelo Rivas Walter Patricio , Maldonado Cabrera David ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Santo Domingo, Maldonado Cabrera Mikaela Mishelle ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Santo Domingo, Carrion Pullaguari Karina Alexandra
Published: June 2024

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud expuso que la enfermedad por COVID – 19 se convirtió en un brote que constituyó una Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional. En Brasil se reportó su primer caso el 26 de febrero, en Argentina el 7 de marzo y en Ecuador el 28 de febrero, generando una sobredemanda de pacientes en los servicios de salud principalmente en emergencias y UCI Objetivo: Analizar la satisfacción del personal en cuanto a la competencia profesional y la infraestructura hospitalaria durante la emergencia sanitaria. Métodos: Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, de tipo correlacional y de campo. Con una muestra de 394 profesionales de la salud de la ciudad de Loja. Para la recolección de información se usa como técnica la encuesta virtual y como instrumento el cuestionario de Font-Roja el cual fue adaptado para obtener mejor información para el tema de investigación teniendo como fiabilidad un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,741. Resultados: Se obtuvo mayor respuesta en los profesionales de enfermería en un 78%, la satisfacción general en un nivel de satisfecho en un 74.6%. Conclusiones: Se encontró que existió satisfacción laboral debido a factores como la aprobación de la ley humanitaria la cual ayudó a vincular al personal que fue de primera línea a las instituciones públicas, dándose el derecho a un contrato indefinido lo cual se puedo evidenciar en la dimensión de promoción profesional.
Red académica de Seguridad Alimentaria. Revolucionando la Seguridad Alimentaria en las Américas a través de la Investigación Colaborativa y la Innovación
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Morejón-Terán Yadira , Viteri-García Andrés ,   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Simancas-Racines Daniel ,   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC)
Published: June 2024

Introducción: La seguridad alimentaria se alcanza cuando todas las personas en todo momento tienen acceso físico y económico a alimentos seguros, suficientes y nutritivos, siendo esta un importante determinante de bienestar y desarrollo de las poblaciones. Este estudio propone la creación de redes de investigación como propuesta para el abordaje multidimensional a la inseguridad alimentaria, enfocando en la colaboración y el desarrollo de capacidades en la región. Objetivos: Facilitar la colaboración entre instituciones académicas para compartir recursos y experiencias; Promover la investigación interdisciplinaria en aspectos clave de la seguridad alimentaria; Desarrollar capacidades y formación de recursos humanos en el campo. Métodos: se propone las siguientes fases: Fase 1: Planificación y diseño de la red, definiendo objetivos y estableciendo estructuras de gobernanza; Fase 2: Establecimiento de infraestructura de colaboración, incluyendo plataformas de comunicación y desarrollo de recursos compartidos. Fase 3: Promoción de investigación interdisciplinaria y desarrollo de capacidades mediante proyectos piloto y programas de capacitación; Fase 4: Evaluación y ajuste con sistemas de monitoreo y canales de retroalimentación. Conclusión: Las redes de académicas y de investigación pueden mejorar el bienestar y responder efectivamente a crisis alimentarias, promoviendo sistemas alimentarios sostenibles a través de la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia. En investigación, las redes fomentan la colaboración interdisciplinaria y la innovación, permitiendo la generación de evidencia a gran escala y el desarrollo de soluciones creativas para avanzar en la investigación y mejorar la salud pública en las Américas, abordando las causas subyacentes de la inseguridad alimentaria y promoviendo el desarrollo sostenible.
Niños con fiebre y petequias o Púrpura
Authors:   Andean Heald & Develoment, Gaus David
Published: June 2024

La aparición de un exantema petequial en un paciente con fiebre está relacionada con múltiples enfermedades de gravedad variable (tabla 1). La etiología más frecuente es vírica, sin embargo, en una pequeña proporción de pacientes (2% de los pacientes febriles con petequias; 7-11% de los pacientes febriles ingresados con petequias) el agente causal es un meningococo y las petequias son el primer signo de una vasculitis bacteriana y de una coagulación intravascular diseminada propias de una sepsis. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura de los últimos tres años de las principales publicaciones médica y por medio de la lectura crítica se presenta una adaptación a la realidad latinoamericana.
Síndrome multisistémico inflamatorio pediátrico asociado al covid-19: revisión bibliográfica
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Herrera Jaramillo María Isabel , Sisalima Hualpa Silvia Yessenia
Published: June 2024

La infección por COVID-19 en pediatría se manifiesta con una afección grave e inusual denominada Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico (SIM). En particular, en el cuadro sindrómico ocasionado por la COVID-19 en los pacientes pediátricos resultan menos frecuentes las complicaciones graves en comparación con pacientes adultos. Cabe destacar, que las infecciones respiratorias complicadas se asocian a un SIM post infección con evidentes secuelas. En particular, e objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica fue analizar el comportamiento del SIM pediátrico asociado al COVID-19. Se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos incluidos en las bases de datos PubMed y Elsevier, en el periodo 2020-2023. Se identificaron en la búsqueda inicial 53 referencias y luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión el número se redujo a un total de 39 artículos. Uno de los principales puntos de discusión se ha centrado en que los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 presentaron menor cantidad de hospitalizaciones en comparación con los adultos. Sin embargo, en los casos que requirieron hospitalización presentaron características similares como enfermedad de Kawasaki y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, llegando incluso a ingresar a UCI. En particular, es necesario establecer medidas de diagnóstico y terapia en una etapa temprana para identificar precozmente casos de shock que deben ingresarse a UCIP. En definitiva, el manejo multidisciplinario resulta fundamental para su resolución, monitoreo y seguimiento a de esta entidad de la pediatría.
Evaluación crítica de la Guía de Práctica Clínica para malaria de la OMS utilizando el instrumento AGREE II
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Reytor-González Claudia , Simancas-Racines Daniel ,   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Viteri-García Andrés ,   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Parise-Vasco Juan Marco ,   Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC)
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar críticamente la calidad metodológica de la Guía de Práctica Clínica para malaria de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Metodología: Tres revisores de forma independiente utilizaron el instrumento AGREE II para evaluar la calidad metodológica de la Guía de Práctica Clínica para malaria. Las calificaciones fueron recogidas y analizadas en una matriz de EXCEL. Se utilizó el coeficiente de concordancia de Fleiss Kappa para determinar la medida de acuerdo entre los evaluadores. Resultados: La Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) destacó en claridad, objetivos, y participación de los implicados, pero identificó áreas de mejora en rigor de elaboración y aplicabilidad. Con puntuaciones altas en la mayoría de los dominios y una buena gestión de la independencia editorial, se recomienda su uso a pesar de los desafíos en implementación práctica. Conclusiones: La evaluación AGREE II de la Guía de la OMS para malaria 2022 destaca su calidad y claridad, pero señala áreas de mejora en metodología y aplicabilidad. Subraya la necesidad de adaptación local y colaboración para actualizar continuamente las recomendaciones.
Achieving Good Governance and Management in the South African Health System
Authors:   Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf)
Published: June 2024

ASSAf recognises the societal mandate to contribute evidence-based solutions to national and global priority challenges. Through rigorous consensus studies, we strive to achieve science-to-policy advice to government, to support decision making in the formulation and implementation of policies. In September 2020, ASSAf appointed a voluntary seven-member consensus study panel, comprising expert practitioners from various disciplines within South African public health and health systems, to comprehensively examine the pillars which support Achieving Good Governance and Management in the South African Health System. This report encapsulates the culmination of the panel’s work, offering a detailed study of governance challenges within the South African health system, underscoring the multifaceted nature of governance deficiencies and their profound implications as well as highlighting the possibilities for positive action. The recommendations address the key governance elements of strategic vision and policy design, participation and consensus, accountability, transparency and protection against corruption. Commitment to the recommendations will strengthen governance and leadership of the current health system and move us closer toward achieving quality Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Stoma bölgesinin işaretlenmesinin stoma kalitesine etkisi var mıdır?
Authors: Başçeken Salim İlksen , Dokcu Şeref , Caparlar Mehmet Ali , Aslan Fatih , Demirci Salim
Published: June 2024

ÖZ
Amaç
Stoma yapımı kolorektal cerrahi prosedürlerin vazgeçilmez parçasıdır. Cerrahlar stoma ile yapmış oldukları anastomozun morbiditesinden kurtulmayı ummaktadırlar. Stomalar hem oluşturulma hem de kapanmaları esnasında yüksek morbidite kaynağıdırlar. Sorunsuz stomalar hem sağlık maliyetlerini azaltır, hemde hasta yaşam kalitesini desteklerler. Bu çalışmamızda stoma ve yara bakımı hemşiresi tarafından ameliyat öncesi yapılan işaretlemenin stoma kalitesi ile ilişkisini ortaya koymayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Çalışmaya onkoloji kliniğimizde malign tanılarla opere edilip stoma oluşturma ihtiyacı duyulan 150 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların WOC hemşiresince tutulan tıbbi kayıtları ve veri tabanı geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Demografik ve klinikopatolojik veriler kaydedilip, gruplandırıldı. Hem acil hem de elektif prosedürler geçiren hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. İstatistiksel analizler yüzde 95 güven aralığında yapıldı. P değerinin 0,05'ten küçük olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular
Stoma bölgesinin işaretlenme durumu ve VKİ ile, komplikasyonlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki izlendi, (p=0.03, p=0,01). İleostomili hastalar kolostomili hastalardan anlamlı derecede fazla peristomal cilt komplikasyonlarıyla ( PSC) ilişkiliydi, (p=0.02).Yine yapılan fark analizinde de stoma işaretleme durumu ile stoma çapları arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşma izlendi, büyük stoma çapları WOC hemşiresince konsulte edilmeyen hastalarla ilişkiliydi, (p=0,001).
Sonuç
Bulgular WOC hemşiresi tarafından operasyon öncesi yapılacak olan konsültasyonun stoma kalitesini etkileyen komplikasyonlar ve stoma çapı ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Retrospective Evaluation Of Coronary Artery Fistulas With CT Angiography
Authors: Ayvat Öcal Zeynep , Çinkooğlu Akın , Bayraktaroğlu Selen , Ceylan Naim
Published: June 2024

Objective: Coronary artery fistula is the termination of the coronary artery branch in the cardiac chamber or pulmonary vein. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the type, origin, termination, and accompanying anomalies, if any, of coronary artery fistulas in patients who underwent coronary CTA in our clinic.
Material and Method: Coronary CTA examinations were performed on a 128-slice CT scanner. Images were evaluated using MPR, MIP and 3D VR reconstructions on the workstation. CTA image interpretation was performed independently by two radiologists with 15 and 2 years of experience in coronary CTA. In case of disagreement, a third radiologist was consulted.
Results: Coronary artery fistulas were found in 8 female and 6 male patients aged between 10 and 71 years, with a mean age of 39.07 years. Of the 15 fistula, 6 were coronacameral fistula, 7 were coronopulmonary fistula, 1 was between the left circumflex artery and the conal branch of the right coronary artery, and 1 was between the pulmonary trunk and the descending aorta. One patient was treated with coil placement in the interventional radiology department, while three cases were treated surgically. The other cases were followed up by the relevant clinics.
Conclusion: Coronary CT angiography provides three-dimensional images of the origin, course and termination of the fistula and is an important tool in guiding the patient's treatment plan.
ISOLATED HYPOGLOSSUS NERVE INJURY AFTER SEPTOPLASTY
Authors: Yeşilkuş Furkan , Okur Erdoğan , Okur Nazan , Kumbul Yusuf Çağdaş
Published: June 2024

Cranial nerve injuries due to intubation are rare. While isolated nerve injuries may develop, injuries may occur in which more than one cranial nerve is affected. The most important step in these nerve injuries is to determine which cranial nerve or nerves are injured and then determine the treatment method. The current case presents isolated hypoglossal nerve injury after surgery.
THE IMPACT OF SALUBRINAL IN PREVENTING FETAL BRAIN DAMAGE IN A MODEL OF CHORIOAMNIONITIS INDUCED BY LPS
Authors: İçten Pelin , Özkula Songül , Savran Mehtap , Gülle Kanat , Erzurumlu Yalcin , Karakuyu Nasıf Fatih , Sezik Mekin , Aşçı Halil
Published: June 2024

Objective: Chorioamnionitis (CRY), with membrane rupture, preterm labor, prolonged labor, smoking, and bacterial or viral infection origin; is a condition that presents a risk for both maternal and neonatal sequelae. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Salubrinal (SLB), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, against damage to placental tissue and fetal brain in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced CRY model.
Material and Method: In this study, 24 Wistar Albino rats on the 17th gestational day; were divided into 4 groups; control, LPS (1 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip)), LPS + SLB (1 mg/kg LPS ip and 1 mg/kg SLB ip) and SLB (1 mg/kg ip). After an experimental hysterectomy, the placenta and fetal brain tissues were taken into formaldehyde solution for histopathological analysis.
Results: According to the findings obtained; widespread congestion in the basal zone, degeneration of trophoblastic cells in the labyrinth zone, and inflammatory cell infiltrations in both basal and labyrinth zones were observed in the placental tissues of the LPS group. No pathology was detected in only the SLB group. While edema and congestion were detected in the ventricular and intermediate zones in the fetal brain tissues of the LPS group, a significant improvement was observed in these findings with SLB treatment.
Conclusion: As a result; ER stress is one of the mechanisms that play a role in placental tissue and fetal brain damage due to CRY, and SLB therapy might prevent this damage.
Ultra-high field, multi-echo MRI acquisition for resting-state functional connectivity v1
Authors: Rizor Elizabeth , Scott Grafton Dr.
Published: June 2024

This is an MRI acquisition sequence used to examine resting-state functional connectivity of open and closed loop motor circuits in healthy controls and those with Parkinson’s Disease. Scans include a Localizer, anatomical T1 MPRAGE, CMRR spin-echo AP and PA echo-planar imaging (EPI) images for field map generation, and a modified CMRR multi-echo EPI sequence for resting-state imaging. All participants complete a 30-minute MRI protocol at the University of Southern California’s Center for Image Acquisition, where they are scanned with a Siemens 7T Terra scanner and a research-only 8-channel transmit 32-channel receive Nova 8Tx/32Rx head coil (Nova Medical Inc.)
Emissions and trajectories of atmospheric pollutants from mobile sources in a Colombian intermediate city
Authors:   Universidad Popular Del Cesar, Bush Felipe Uriah Aron , Murillo-Villamizar Alex Andrés ,   Universidad Popular Del Cesar, Rodríguez-Castilla José Luis ,   Universidad Popular Del Cesar, Díaz-Muegue Luis Carlos ,   Universidad Popular Del Cesar, Angulo-Argote Luis Carlos ,   Universidad Popular Del Cesar
Published: June 2024

In this study, the emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases from mobile sources in the main streets of the city of Valledupar were estimated. A vehicular characterization of the streets studied was carried out, and the IVE model was implemented to estimate the emissions generated by automobiles; subsequently, scenarios of atmospheric transport routes of pollutants were analyzed with the HYSPLIT model. The results showed that in the case of pollutant criteria, motorcycles emitted the highest amount of CO and PM10, and private cars the highest SOx and NOx emissions. For GHGs, private cars emitted the highest amount of CO2 and N2O, while motorcycles emitted the highest amount of CH4. The trajectory scenarios for the days of the study were carried out during the peak hours of vehicular circulation, implementing meteorological data from the WRF model. The trajectories were evaluated in rainy periods of 2021 and 2022 and in the dry period of 2022. In the rainy period, it was observed that the transport routes of the pollutants were directed in a greater proportion towards the NE direction and the dry period towards the SE direction. With this, it was possible to determine which areas of the city could be the most affected by vehicle emissions from the roads studied.
Individual Burden of Illness Index in Bipolar Disorder Remission: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chumakov Egor , Ashenbrenner Yulia , Gvozdetskii Anton , Limankin Oleg , Petrova Nataliia
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: A population-based method for estimating disease burden is commonly used. Nevertheless, these measurements do not entirely capture the comprehensive burden of illness on an individual patient. To address the problem, the Individual Burden of Illness Index (IBI index) Index was created and validated, specifically for major depressive disorder. The IBI represents the overall influence of the condition, encompassing distress from symptom intensity, functional impairment, and the patient’s quality of life.
AIM: The aim of the study was to approve and validate the IBI index for the integral assessment of disease burden in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient psychiatric services in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from April through October 2020. Eighty-five patients aged 18 to 45 (mean age 36.6±5.7 years) with BD (type I — 75%, n=64; type II — 25%, n=21) in remission were examined. The study procedure included a structured clinical interview and the use of clinical scales: the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Personal and the Social Performance Scale.
RESULTS: The principal component analysis in accordance with the adjusted one showed that the burden of illness in patients with BD in remission is directly related to the severity of residual depressive symptoms, reflected in the HDRS score: as the HDRS score increases (0.27, p 0.001), residual mania (-0.14, p 0.001), social functioning (-0.06, p 0.001), and quality of life (-0.04, p 0.001) decrease. In contrast, when there are remaining residual mania symptoms, as indicated by the YMRS score, the result tends to be a lower burden, better social functioning, and enhanced quality of life.
CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated through statistical means a successful adaptation and validation of the previously calculated IBI index for patients with BD in remission. Residual affective symptoms were shown to have different impacts on the social functioning of patients with BD in remission, indicating the need for a timely assessment and targeted therapy of these symptoms in such patients.