bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY COMPONENTS OF SHALLOW WATER TIDE (OVER AND COMPOUND TIDES) 1 DIMENSIONAL CHANNEL MODEL BY USING VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION METHOD
Authors: Sudjono Evie H. , Setiawan A. , Hadi S. , Ningsih N. S.
Published: January 2018

Shallow water tides are very important to improve accuracy of tidal predictions. It is used by port interest, sea transportation, fishing industry, coastal engineering, etc. Simulation of shallow water tides was obtained from harmonic analysis of 1 dimensional channel model (12 grid) by using variational data assimilation (grid 3 and 8). Two partial tides with angular frequencies σ1 = 1,4x10-4 and σ2 = 1,6x10-4 rad/sec and amplitude A1 = 1x10-8 and A2 = 0,5x10-8 meters are used for defining external forcing in the model domain. When inspecting the amplitudes of both partial tides σ1 and σ2 and some of their dominant over- and compound tides (σ3 = 2σ1-σ2 and σ4 = 3σ1), in general the “to be corrected” solution can be improved significantly. Root mean square (rms) error of tidal constituent σ1 between the “reference” and the “to be corrected” without data assimilation is 0,1075 m/sec, and for σ2 is 0,0440 m/sec, respectively. On the other hand, the harmonic analysis of the phase of tidal constituent σ1 showed a good result (root mean square = 0.0000 m/s) and for σ2 (root mean square = 0.0002 m/s).Keywords: shallow water tides, data assimilation, harmonic analysis.
COASTAL VULNERABILITY PREDICTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: STUDY CASE IN CIREBON COASTAL LAND
Authors: Rositasari Ricky , Setiawan Wahyu B. , Supriadi Indarto H. , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Prayuda Bayu
Published: January 2018

Coastal area is the most vulnerable area to climate change. Cirebon coastal land in Western Java, Indonesia is low-lying coastal area which is one of the potential areal for fish culture and farming. There are also major transportation facilities for western Java province to the whole area in the island (Java) through this area. As low-lying landscape, populated and developing city, Cirebon should be considered vulnerable to future sea level rise. Geomorphology, geo-electric and remote sensing study were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in coastal land of Cirebon. The result showed that most part of coastal area in Cirebon was eroded in various scales which vulnerable turn to worst. Sea water was penetrating throughout several kilometres inland. Valuation on various land-uses would project 1,295,071,755,150 rupiah/ha/year of loss while sea level were rose 0.8 meters that would inundate various land-uses i.e., Shrimp, fish and salt ponds, rice fields and settlement in the area.Keywords: vulnerability, coastal, climate change, sea level rise
BACTERIA ASSOCIATED HOLOTHURIANS: THE KEY OF HABITAT PREFERENCE, DIET, AND FUNCTIO
Authors: Hatmanti Ariani , Purwati Pradina
Published: January 2018

An investigation of bacteria as holothurians’s feed carried out from May until June 2006 in Medane Bay and Kombal Bay, Lombok, Indonesia. The aims of this study are to know whether holothurians eat bacteria, to observe that bacteria are the key for holothurians’ habitat preference, and to understand the functions of bacteria in holothurians intestine. The results showed there are many kind of bacteria in the substrates and inside intestine of sea cucumber. There are no specificity in performance, species and number of bacteria which found in anterior or posterior of intestine, as well in their substrates. Therefore, the holothurians do not choose specific bacteria for their feed. Bacteria are the consequence of substrates ingested. Some of them can be microflora in holothurians intestine. Bacteria inside holothurians produce some enzymes such as protease, amylase and agarase. This function was proven by the increasing of Total Organic Matters (TOM) in their feces. This evidence supporting Wiedmeyer (1992) statement that sea cucumber adds organic matters in the sediment. So this also firm holothurians’ function in their habitat, as supplier for organic matters. The conclusion is that bacteria are eaten by holothurians by absorption, bacteria is not the key for microhabitat preference for holothurians, and inside the intestine of holothurians, digestion and degradation are the function of bacteria by producing their enzymes.Keywords: bacteria, holothurians, microhabitat preference, function
MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING BIOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENTAL ON OIL SPILL IN COASTAL OF PARI ISLAND
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: January 2018

There is an information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spill. We have Bioremediation treatment for degradation of oil spill on Pari island and need two kind of experiment there are tanks experiment (sampling 0 to 90 days) and semi enclosed system (sampling 0 to 150 days). Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyze biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Experiment design using fertilizer Super IB and Linstar will stimulate bacteria can degrade oil, n-alkane, and alkane as poly aromatic hydrocarbon. The bacteria communities were monitored and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Clone Library; oil chemistry was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primers U515f and U1492r. Strains had been sequence and had similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa by homology Blast search and few of them suspected as new species. The results showed that fertilizers gave a significant effect on alkane, PAH and oil degradation in tanks experiment but not in the field test. Dominant of the specific bacteria on this experiment were Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Prosthecochloris.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Biostimulation, DGGE, PAH, Pari Island
THE EFFECT OF SEASONS AND DEPTHS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) IN KODEK BAY, NORTH LOMBOK
Authors: Hamzah M. S. , Nababan Bisman , Nababan Bisman
Published: January 2018

The pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) farming in the West Nusa Tenggara waters in particular and in other areas, complained to the mass mortality of pearl oysters saplings on shell width between 3-4 cm. The mass mortality, allegedly as a result of changing in environmental conditions and triggered by the shift in seasons. This research aimed to determine the effect of seasonal variations in water conditions at different depth levels on growth and survival of seedlings of pearl oysters conducted on March 23, 2008 to February 22, 2009. This research was very useful for pearl oyster farming in an effort to suppress the mass mortality rates based on the appropriate level of depth and seasons. Analysis of variance showed that the seasonal factors, the level of depth, and the interaction between both factors responded very significantly on pearl oyster seedling survival. The "significant difference test" showed that the interaction between season and level of 2 m depth provided the best result with 100% survival. The similar survival rate was also found at a depth of 8 m during the transition season I and the east season. For single factor (depth), the best result for growth and survival rate was found in 2 m deep during the transition season I.Keywords: Oyster sapling, Pinctada maxima, growth, mortality, season, depth, Kodek Bay
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ECHINODERM IN PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS
Authors: Supono Supono , Arbi Ucu Yanu
Published: January 2018

Pari Island is one of the island in the Seribu Islands region. Abundance of echinoderms in Pari Island waters has been observed since 1969. In this research, data of echinoderms was collected on March 2011 applying quadratic transect method 1 x 1 m2, as well as freely collection methods using snorkel and scuba equipment. Thirteen individuals of echinoderms were collected during the study, one species (Archaster typicus) was found by quadratic transect method and 12 species of echinoderms by freely collection methods. The density of starfish Archaster typicus at the sites was between 2.1 to 4.3 individual/m2.Keywords: Echinodermata, distribution, abundance, density, Pari Island, Seribu Islands
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF EACH PROVINCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Adi
Published: January 2018

Interaction between mainland and ocean are not balance. That means condition in mainland will higher affect the ocean, but not vice versa. Indonesia as a tropical island country has very long beaches and many rivers flow into the sea. The increased population in each province will have an impact on increasing contaminant into the river, so those are will cause the contaminant into the sea increasing. The problem statement is at what level of the marine environmental vulnerability in each province? Using methods of spatial analysis those find the spatial pattern of the marine environmental vulnerabilities in Indonesia. Level of the marine environmental vulnerability is generated based on numbers of regency along the coast line, including the total of population and population growth in each province and the number of rivers along the coast line. Conclusion in this research is province with the very high level of the marine environmental vulnerability is eleventh provinces, fifteenth provinces with high level, five provinces with moderate level, and two provinces with the lowest level. The province with very high level is caused by variation combination from the high number of regency along the coast line, including the highest number of population and population growth and the highest number of river. Such conditions may cause high vulnerability in some provinces such as Nanggroe Aceh Darusallam, Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Banten, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah and Sulawesi Tenggara.Keywords: Vulnerability, marine environmental, spatial analysis
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF TROPICAL ABALONE Haliotis asinina SEED IN CONCRETE TANKS AT DIFFERENTS STOCKING DENSITY
Authors: Hamzah Mat Sardi , Dwiono Sigit Anggoro Putro , Hafid Safriyadi
Published: January 2018

Tropical abalones (Haliotis asinina) is a marine gastropod that has high economic value and consumed by people in the world. In 2002, the production of abalones was 4.076 ton from total production of marine fisheries in the world 8.000 ton. The countries that produce abalone by farming are Taiwan, Cina, South Africa, Japan, Cilie, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Information about the production in Indonesia is scarce. The main issue faced by farmer is higher mortality during post larvae and juvenile. The aim of this research was to observe the influence of abalone seed density in concrete tanks regarding to growth and survival. The research was conducted in January - May 2012 Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, LIPI. Analysis of varians showed that seed densities was not significantly different (P>0.05). The highest survival rate were in density 75 individual/tank with 11.11 % mortality. The highest growth rate were in 50 individual/tank with shell growth rate 0.21cm/14 days and seed weight was 1.23 g.Keywords: growth, survival rate, seed of abalone (Haliotis asinina), density
THE GROWTH PATTERN OF BLACKSADDLED CORALGROUPER LARVAE (Plectropoma laevis LACEPÈDE, 1801) AND THEIR CONSUMPTION RATE TO ZOOPLANKTON ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Slamet Bejo , Slamet Bejo
Published: January 2018

Blacksaddled coralgrouper Plectropoma laevis has been started to conserve to prevent from over exploitation. The study purposes were to determine the growth pattern during larvae to juvenile stage of Blacksaddled coralgrouper and their consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis. Domesticated broodstocks have been rearing in 100,000 l concrete tanks. The eggs from spawning broodstocks were hatched and the larvae have been kept to juvenile. Larvae rearing was done in 6,000 l concrete tanks. During the rearing period, larvae were fed with zooplankton rotifer, artemia and artificial food. Parameters measured were eggs and oil globule diameter, larval total length, length of larval dorsal fin and ventral fin, the number of zooplankton that consumed by larvae and water temperature. Microscopic method was used to measure the parameters. The result showed that eggs and oil globule diameter ranged in 800-850 μm and 168-200 μm, respectively. Total length of newly hatched larvae was 2.53±0.13 mm. The growth pattern of total length from larva to juvenile stage was exponential, while the growth pattern of dorsal fin and ventral fin length was linear. Larvae grew very fast after 35 days old. The pattern of larval consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers was linear. Time period from larvae to juvenile stage was 45-55 days on water temperature 27-29oC.Keywords: growth, consumption rate, rotifers, larvae, Blacksaddled coralgrouper
THE GRUNTS (FAMILY HAEMULIDAE) OF THE SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Burhanuddin Andi Iqbal , Iwatsuki Yukio
Published: January 2018

Fish diversity monitoring could be utilized as a basis for formulating management regulation of the fisheries resources. This study was conducted to describe the grunt of the family Haemulidae from the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi. Specimens were collected in Rajawali and Paotere Fish Landing Port Makassar, South Sulawesi from August 2003 to November 2010. The results showed that there were thirteen species representing three genera of family Haemulidae inhabiting the area were examined and identified: Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792), Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell, 1838), Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801, Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855), Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus gibbosus Lacepède, 1802, Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker, 1852), Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775), Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793). The local name available of each species was given.Keywords: grunt, haemulidae, spermonde, south Sulawesi
OPTIMALIZATION OF FEED DOSAGE AND FREQUENCY IN PRODUCTION OF ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)
Authors: Astuti Rina P. , Sagala Sophia L. , Gunawan Gunawan , Sumiarsa Gede S. , Imanto Philip T.
Published: January 2018

The availability of rotifer as live food is importance in a larval mariculture. Therefore a continuous and high production of rotifer is needed. The study was aimed to determine the frequency and dosage of the best food in rotifer culture. Nannochloropsis oculata, yeast and scott’s emulsion are used as potential feeds for rotifer. Three dosages of N. oculata (150,000; 250,000, and 350,000 cells/ind.rotifer/day) were applied in the study and were given twice per day. Meanwhile, yeast(0.5 g/106 ind./day) and Scott’s emulsion with different dosages (2, 4, and 8 μg/106 ind./day) were given with two different feeding frequencies (two and four times a day) for each dosages. Each treatment was done in triplicates. Sampling of rotifer was conducted in the morning (AM) and afternoon (PM). Water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia) was also measured. Growth and productivity of rotifer were determined from the number of rotifer and the number of rotifer eggs, respectively. The results showed that the optimum productivity of rotifer was achieved by giving N. occulata of 250,000 sel/ind/day, twice a day in four days culture. Meanwhile, treatment with yeast and Scott’s emulsion gave best performance when applying 0.5 g/106 and 2 μg/106 ind./day twice per day, respectively. Yeast and scott’s emulsion treatment yielded optimum production in two days of culture.Keywords: rotifer, productivity, yeast, Scott’s emulsion, foodd dosage
NUTRIENT PHOSPHATE, NITRATE AND SILICATE DISTRIBUTION OF NATUNA ARCHIPELAGO WATERS
Authors: Muchtar Muswerry
Published: January 2018

Research on phosphate, nitrate and silicate distributions of Natuna ArchipelagoWaters was conducted using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in April  2011.  Concentration of phosphate, nitrate and silicate were analyses by Spectrophotometry. The purpose of the study was to assess  the distribution of nutrients as fertility indicator of marine life. The results showed that the phosphate concentration at surface layer of Subi, Bunguran,  and Laut islands ranged from 0,04 to 0,22 µg A/l, 0,04 to 0,18 µg A/l and from 0,04 to 0,13 µg A/l, with average  0,11 µgA/l, 0,08 µgA/l and  0,07 µg A/l,  respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate ranged from 0,31 to 4,90 µg A/l, 0,23 to 2,29 µg A/l and from 0,14 to 0,32   µg A/l with average of 90 µgA/l, 0,78 µg A/l and  0,22 µg A/l, respectivelly. Silicate concentration  ranged from 2,97 to 5,35  µg A/l, 2,28 to 4,85  µg A/l and from 2,28 to 3,57 µg A/l with average  4,49 µgA/l, 3,62 µg A/l and 3,02 µg A/l,respectivelly. While phosphate concentration at bottom layer of Subi, Bunguran  and Laut  islands ranged from 0,04-0,27 µg A/l,  0,04-0,31 µg A/l and 0,09-0,22µg A/l,, with average  0,13 µgA/l, 0,13 µgA/l dan 0,12, µg A/l  respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate  ranged  from 2,59-5,61µg A/l, 0,73-4,75 µg A/l and 2,06-3,03 µg A/l with average  2,85 µgA/l, 3,14 µg A/l and 2,49 µg A/ respectivelly. Silicate concentration in Subi, Bunguran and Laut Islands ranged from  4,46-6,21 µg A/l, 3,20-5,84  µg A/l dan 3,07-4,66 µg A/l with average 5,323,73 µgA/l, 4,74 µg A/l dan 3,73 µg A/l. In general concentration of those nutrient of Natuna Archipelago waters  was still within the Standard Quality set by the Ministery of Environment (KMNLH). Keywords: nutrient, phosphate, nitrate, silicate, Natuna Archipelago waters.
PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DUE TO IRREGULAR WAVE MOTION
Authors: Rachman Taufiqur , Suntoyo Suntoyo
Published: January 2018

In general, waves in coastal environments are irregular and have a random shape with a height and period that was not constant. The accuracy of sediment transport rate prediction is the most important stages in the study of morphology and coastal marine environments. In addition, the predictive model of coastal morphology is more efficient to use the bottom shear stress calculation approach for practical purposes rather than a more complex approach to the modeling of two phases. In this paper, the calculation of sediment transport was based on the bottom shear stress modelling purposed with data validation from the experimental results in the turbulent bottom boundary layer over rough bed under irregular waves. The new approach to estimate the bottom shear stress was based on combining velocity and acceleration terms. Furthermore, a new approach of the bottom shear stress was applied to formulate the sheet flow sediment transport rate for irregular waves by using the experimental data from Dibadjnia and Watanabe (1998) and the empirical formula was found. Keywords: sediment transport, bottom shear stress, irregular waves
THE COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AT CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM IN THOUSANDS ISLAND
Authors: Toruan Lumban Nauli Lumban , Soedharma Dedi , Dewi Kresna Tri
Published: January 2018

Composition and distribution of foraminifers are affected by human activities and have close association with coral reef ecosystem. The aims of this research were to investigate the benthic foraminifers’ composition and distribution in sediment of coral reef ecosystem. Eleven stations of Karang Bongkok, Pramuka, and Onrust Island were observed in this study. The sediments were taken from surface substrate up to 2 cm under the substrate. Samples were washed on sieve with mesh size 0,063 mm, and then dried in oven with 50°C of temperature  for two hours. After separating from the sediment, the foraminifers were laid on foraminiferal slide and indentified using binocular microscope. The highest composition of symbiont-bearing foraminiferal assemblages which associated with reef ecosystem was in East Pramuka (78.17%) and the lowest was in South Onrust (21,83%). The opportunistic type had the highest composition in South Onrust (38.67%) and the lowest was in South Karang Bongkok. In west Pramuka had the highest composition of heterotrophic type (57.17%) and the lowest was in North Onrust (11.33%). Onrust Island was dominated by opportunistic type, indicating high nutrient. The highest amount of foraminifers’ taxa was found in Karang Bongkok with good coral reef coverage, while the lowest in Onrust facing with Jakarta Bay. Keywords: composition, distribution, benthic foraminifers, coral reef.
DURATION TIME AND EGGS DENSITY TO IMPROVE CLOSED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY ON EGGS GROUPER
Authors: Ismi Suko
Published: January 2018

The grouper hatchery technology  has been successfully developed and grouper seed can be produced massively and sustainly. Egg is one of key successes in the hatchery processes. Eggs taken from hatchery egg producer were often far away from a final hatchery location. This study tried to find out the effectiveness of eggs transportation  duration and densities for eggs’ hatchability of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The first treatment: eggs at a density of 400 000 eggs/8 l sea water,  transported with different duration time i.e., 6,  12, 18, and 24 hours. The second treatment: transportation eggs with duration 24-hour  at different density i.e., 100,000; 200,000;300,00; and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters.  Eggs were packaged  in a plastic bag with 8 liters of water media, the plastic size 100 cm x 55 cm, ratio water with oxygen was 1: 3, the  plastic bag inserted to sterofoam with size 75 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm, to reduce the temperature in sterofoam was added ice the size of 500 grams , wrapped in newspaper,  styrofoam  covered by selotipe. The results showed that eggs with transportation time  of 6 and 12 hours were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than  transportation time of 18 and 24 hours. Furthermore, density of 100,000 and 200,000 eggs/8 l sea waters were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than that density of 300,000 and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters. Keywords: hatchery, eggs grouper, transportation.
GENETIC VARIATION OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) ON F1 AND F3 GENERATIONS
Authors: Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Tridjoko Tridjoko , Haryanti Haryanti
Published: January 2018

Hatchery and culture technology of Humpback grouper has been developed. However,  sometimes it is still found constraint in sedd production and caused instability of production due to failure by many factors. Breeding program become necessary to provide seed with high quality and good genetic variation. Quantitative characteristic selection is one of breeding program to improve productivity in grouper aquaculture. The aim of this research was to produce good phenotyphic and genotypic quality of Humpback grouper candidate broodstock. Selection of Humpback grouper F1 and F3 was done based on quantitative characteristic (body length and weight) and genotyphic characteristic by using ramdom amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) method.  The results of conventional selection were found candidate broodstock of Humpback grouper F1 and F3 with body weight range from 170-210 g and 160-170 g consecutively.  Heterozygosity values of Humpback grouper analized by RAPD of F1 and F3 were 0.7940 and 0.7749 consecutively and it was not significantly different. This value emphasis that population of this F3 Humpback grouper was still good to grow for broodstock. Keywords: genetic variation, humpback grouper, F1, F3.
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN SEMARANG COASTAL WATER
Authors: Rositasari Ricky , Lestari Lestari , Lestari Lestari , Lestari Lestari
Published: January 2018

Coastal water is vulnerable to anthropogenic substances such as human activities by product in coastal land and  upper land area. Semarang coastal area is one of areas which has progressive development in northern coastal of Java Island.  The aim of this study was to evaluate ocean health status based on heavy metal contain and benthic foraminiferal characteristics as the bioindicator.  Sampling and laboratory activities were carried out in August 2010. Sampling stations were located on the estuaries of Western Canal Flood, Tanjung Mas Port and  Eastern Canal Flood.  The result showed that Tanjung Mas pool port had the highest Pb, Zn,and Total Organic Compounds (TOC) concentrations. The average of abnormal test of benthic foraminiferal (Ammonia beccarii) were also higher in Tanjung Mas port than in eastern and western canal flood. Keywords: assessment, coastal water, Semarang.
DIFFERENCES CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCE OF IN ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN WATER AND SEDIMENT IN JAKARTA BAY WATERS DURING TRANSITION SEASON
Authors: Khozanah Khozanah
Published: January 2018

Study on the distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticide concentrations in water samples and sediments from the Jakarta Bay was conducted in April 2011 (transition season I) and June 2011 (dry season). The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of pesticide concentrations in water and sediments and to identify possible sources of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides was measured by the GC/ECD (electron capture detection) HP 5890 series II. Concentrations found in the water column during transition I season ranged from 11.596 to 74.338 ng/l (average=41.998 ng/l) and in dry season varied from 4.554 to 19.119 ng/l (average=7.741 ng/l). In sediment samples, concentrations found in transition I season varied from 0.936 to 2.816 ng/g (average=1.782 ug/g), and in dry season about 0.7691 to 7.138 ug/g, (average=2.722 ug/g). In the water column, the average concentration in transition I was higher than that found in dry season, whereas levels in sediment during transition season I was lower. The average levels of pesticides in the water column was higher than those found in sediments. These results suggested that the seasons played a role in the distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the water column and sediments. Source of organochlorine pesticides were suggested from agricultural activities in the mainland Cisadane. Keywords: organochlorine pesticides,  DDT, BHC, Jakarta Bay waters.
THE ABUNDANCE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN BANGGAI ISLANDS WATERS
Authors: Thoha Hikmah , Rachman Arief , Rachman Arief
Published: January 2018

Banggai Islands waters are mixing area between Banda Sea and Makassar Sea, thus resulting in the existence of many unique marine ecosystems. This conditon might also lead to the occurrence of unique and specific plankton community in the oceanic ecosystem of Banggai Islands. This research was conducted in 26 June to 8 July using Baruna VIII research vessel. Phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected in 14 stations using Kitahara and NORPAC plankton net. The plankton data in this research was analyzed with Bray-Curtis Clustering Analysis (Single Link), linear regression and Pearson correlation matrix. The results showed that zooplankton abundance was highest at the strait between Liang and Labobo Island, while phytoplankton was found abundant at eastern Tinangkung Island. On the other hand, Mesamat Bay was found having very low abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton, which probably related to low nutrient availability in the water column. Calanoids, cyclopoids, and oikopleurans were dominant taxa with widest spatial distribution and highest importance value in zooplankton community of Banggai Islands. Meanwhile Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia and Thalassiothrix were the dominant genus with widest spatial distribution and highest importance value in phytoplankton community. The result of clustering analysis showed that there were three stations with unique plankton community, and was found very different from the planktonic community in other stations. It was interesting to note that bottom-up control by nutrient availabilty, and top-down control by predator-prey interaction, probably not the main factor responsible for the unique pattern of plankton community structure of Banggai Islands. Keywords: plankton community, Banggai islands waters, Bray-Curtis clustering analysis, biological indices.
TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF SIXTEEN STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOM
Authors: Panggabean Lily M.G. , Rasyid Abdullah , Duniani Zarrah , Meliana Yana , Kurniasih Indah
Published: January 2018

Trigliceride or triacylglicerol (TAG) composition in crude oil of sixteen strain of marine diatom has been detected by spectra analyses on an Electrospray - Ion Trap – Mass Spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS) HCT Bruker-Daltonic GmbH instrument with AgNO3 used as coordination ionization agent. Biomass samples of each microalga strain were taken from early and late stationary cultures in f/2 enriched seawater and algal oils were extracted according to Bligh and Dyer. Results from spectra analysis showed that P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0) were distinguished in TAG from diatom strains Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.1, Thalasiossira sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.3, Navicula sp. 1, Navicula sp. 2, Navicula sp. 3, Navicula sp. 4, Nitzschia sp. 2 and Amphora sp. In contrast, TAGs in Melosira sp. included P-P-P (C16:0-C16:0-C16:0) and P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1) were identified. TAGs from Chaetoceros sp. were the most varies among samples, i.e. P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), A-P-M (C20:4-C16:0-C14:0), P-Pt-Lt (C16:0-C16:1-C18:3), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4), D-P-P (C22:6-C16:0-C16:0), A-Ln-P (C20:4-C18:2-C16:0). Various TAGs were also detected in Nitzschia sp.2, i.e. P-Pt-M (C16:0-C16:1-C14:0), P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), P-Pt-S (C16:0-C16:1-C18:0), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4). TAGs composition in Skeletonema strains that similar to those in Nitzschia sp.1 has longer carbon, i.e. P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1), P-O-O (C16:0-C18:1-C18:1) and O-O-O (C18:1-C18:1-C18:1). TAGs with longer carbon chain and more double bond including highly unsaturated fatty acid C20:4 were increased with culture age in diatoms Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.2, Navicula sp.1 and Nitzschia sp. 2.Keywords: diatom, TAG, ESI-IT-MS, f/2, early and late stationary
MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: January 2018

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.
SEASONAL SURFACE GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT IN ARAFURA-TIMOR WATERS
Authors: Ramadyan Fachry , Radjawane Ivonne M.
Published: January 2018

Research on the seasonal geostrophic surface current during 2002-2011 in Arafura-Timor waters was conducted using satellite altimetry data. Those data were absolute dynamic topography and absolute geostrophic velocity data taken from Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO). The dynamics of geostrophic surface current varied in every monsoon due to the difference in absolute dynamic topography. During  northwest (NW) season, the absolut dynamic topography in Arafura Sea was higher than in Timor Sea by an average difference of 0.1–0.2 m and the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. During southeast (SE) season, the absolute dynamic topography in Arafura Sea lower than Timor Sea with an average difference of   0.03-0.04 m. In this season, upwelling occurs  in Banda  Sea and sea surface  water in this region  becomes  lower and  the current moved from  Arafura Sea  to Banda  Sea. The absolut dynamic topography difference between Arafura Sea and Timor Sea in NW and SE monsoons was 0.05–0.06 m and so the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. In Timor Sea, the current moved southwest towards the Indian Ocean. In NW and SE Monsoons the the velocity of surface geostrophic current in  Timor  Sea  (0,3 m/sec) was  higher compare in Arafura Sea (0.2 m/sec)  due to the configuration of island  surround  the Timor Sea  and  its topography. Keywords: Geostrophic surface current, altimetrysatellite, Arafura-Timor Sea
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE EXTRACT POLYPHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME FROM BLACK TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Suhandana Made , Nurhayati Tati , Ambarsari Laksmi
Published: January 2018

Shrimp is a  very important export  commodity with  high market value world wide. However, it is still facing problem related to the waste and deterioration quality as main issues for the shrimp industry. In this experiment, polyphenoloxidase from the carapace of Penaeus monodon was extracted and characterized. The research was carried out to obtain the optimum extraction condition and to evaluate the properties of enzyme i.e., pH, optimum temperature for activating enzyme, kinetic enzyme, and chelating on metal ion. The best method for PPO enzyme extraction used buffer with 1:3  proportion.  The optimum activity of enzyme was at pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The kinematic enzyme (Km) value and the maximum substrate concentration were 5.42 mM and 7.5 mM, respectively.  Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and EDTA with concentration 5 and 10 mM inhibited enzyme activity.  Cu2+at concentration of 10 mM and Mn2+ at concentration 5 mM also inhibited enzyme activity Keywords: carapace, characterization, polyphenoloxidase, shrimp
WATER MASSCHARACTERISTICS OFWEDA BAY,HALMAHERA ISLAND, NORTH MALUKU
Authors: Basit Abdul , Putri M.R.
Published: January 2018

The water quality parameters at 23 observation points in Weda Bay were collected using the Sea-Bird's Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD) 911 and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) meter ARO-USB 66 during Weda Expedition in 13 – 23 March 2013 (transition monsoon) with research vessel Baruna Jaya VII. The main goal of this research was to identify characteristics of water masses in Weda Bay. The results showed that the thickness of mixed layer in Weda Bay was about 40 m with the average levels of temperature, salinity, and oxygen at about 29.2 °C, 34.0, and 7.0 mg/L, respectively. Within thermocline layers, it was observed that there was the water type of Southern Subtropical Lower Water (SSLW) identified by the presence of salinity maximum above 35.0 occupied between 25.7 and 24.5 sigma-theta (16,2 °C < < 20,5 °C). Furthermore, there were oxygen homogenous layers at 5.1 mg/L situated at between 26 and 24.7 sigma-theta (15°C < < 20°C). In addition, oxygen inversion was found at 0.15 mg/L in the layer of between 26.8 and 26.0 sigma-theta (10°C < < 15°C). In the intermediate layer (>500 m), the temperature and salinity tended to be constant at 7.8 °C and 34.7, controlled by the sill separating Halmahera sea and Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). These water mass characteristics revealed the strong influences from WNPO to Weda Bay. The water, driven by Indonesian throughflow (ITF), flowed into Halmahera Sea before turned into Weda Bay.Keywords: temperature, salinity, oxygen, SSLW, Weda bay
FLUORESCENT LAMP LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE EMBRYOGENESIS DEVELOPMENT AND THE SURVIVAL OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE
Authors: Hamzah Mat Sardi
Published: January 2018

One of the important factors in determining the success of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) culture is the quality and quantity of larvae produced in brood stock spawning process in the laboratory. Problems were often found in larval rearing and larvae attachment to the substrate that were low in quality and little number of larvae. The study purposes were observe the embryogenesis development and the survival rate of pearl oyster larvae under different fluorescent lamp light intensities. The study was conducted in August 1nd – 30th, 2011 in Sambelia Bumi Gemilang Hamparan Mutiara laboratory, East Lombok. Results revealed that different in light intensities effected the survivorship of the pearl oyster larvae significantly (p<0.01). Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test indicated that the highest survival rate occurred in dark condition (dark treatment) of 38%, followed by intensity of 10 watts (34.67%), 5 watts (30.67%) and 15 watts (4.66%) resfectively Keywords: embryogenesis development, survivorship, pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) larvae,  fluorescent lamp light intensity
MACROALGAE BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY IN AMBALAU ISLAND WATERS, SOUTH BURU DISTRICT
Authors: Papalia Saleh , Arfah Hairati
Published: January 2018

Studies on the diversity and density of macroalga have been carried out in Ambalau island waters, south Buru district since 2010. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity, density, frequency, and the dominance of macroalga in the coastal waters of the Ambalau island. Data collection with squares transect line method were conducted in October-November 2009. The results showed that the coastal areas of Masawoy showed the highest values in diversity, density, frequency, and the dominance of macroalga in the study area with 33 species from 20 genera consisting of 14 species of green alga, 10 species of red alga, and 9 species of brown alga. Caulerpa, Halimeda, Gracilaria, Acanthophora, Sargassum, and Padina were the most dominance in the region. The highest diversity, density, frequency, and dominance of macroalga on the Masawoy coastal waters were due to its habitat conditions in relatively good condition consisting of dead coral rubble, sand, coral live with seagrass vegetation dominated by Thalasia hemprizii and Enhalus acuroides. Meanwhile, habitat conditions at other locations have suffered a severe damage and dominated by dead coral. Environmental conditions in the study region were within the limits of decent support for the growth of macro alga. Keywords: macroalga, biodiversity, density, frequency, dominance, Ambalau
PERFORMANCE OF GONAD MATURATION AND SPAWNED OF GROUPER BROODSTOCK CROSS BREEDING BETWEEN F-2 AND F-0
Authors: Djoko Tri , Haryanti Haryanti , Moria Sari Budi , Muzaki A , Wardana I K
Published: January 2018

In fish grouper escpecially humpback grouper culture, seed and broodstock quality and availability determine the production success. Main supply of wild broodstock still dominates grouper hatchery activities, therefore, the exploitation of the wild broodstock is very high. Efforts to use the supply of cultured broodstock through selection and breeding processes will greatly determine their culture success. The purpose of this experiment was to get seeds from the cross breeding between F-2 and F-0. The research used two (2) concrete tanks with volume of 75 m3 each. Each tank was filled with 20  fishes consisting of 10 fishes of F-2 and 10 fishes of F-0. The experiment was conducted the Institute of Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol, Bali. The result showed a good gonadal development and natural spawning of cross breeding between F-2 and F-0. Total number of eggs (1.320.000) was found the highest in May in tank A, while the highest fertilized eggs of 385.000 were found in June.  The SSCP analyses showed no difference in genetic characters of broodstock from cross-breeding between the female parent F-2 and F-0 male parent. Keywords: Humpback Grouper, gonad, spawned, cross breeding, larvae
THE CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN INDONESIA’S FISH OIL
Authors: Maulana Indra T , Sukraso Sukraso , Damayanti Sophi
Published: January 2018

Study of fatty acid content was conducted in six Indonesian fish oils taken from Surabaya, Sorong, Garut, Banyuwangi, and  fish oil standard. The acid and peroxide values were a main parameters which affecting the quality of the fish oil. These parameters were set using the method stated on the SNI No. 01-3555-1998. The oil containing omega-3 such as EPA and DHA is beneficial for health. The study of fatty acid content in six fish oils were analyzed by GCMS Shimadzu QP 2010 ULTRA with FID Detector. RTX-5 were used as a column (diphenyl dimethyl polysiloxane  as a solid buffer, size length 30 m, diameter 0,25 mm, and He as a gas mobile phase).  The results showed that acid values for oil 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.48%, 0.55%, 0.48%, and 0.58%, respectively. While the peroxide values were 5.67, 4.72, 4.45,5.01, 4.85, and 5.27 meq/kg, respectively. GCMS analysis showed that fish oil 1, 2, 3, and 4  very dominant containing squalene of  29.45%, 32.34%, 21.07%, and 43.49%, respectively. While oil 6 contained EPA of 8.97% and DHA 6.56%, and that was the highest compared with other oils. However, oil 6 also contained a trans fatty acids i.e., elaidic acid of 26.8% and trans-13-docosanoic acid of 0.9%. For comparison, natural oil 5 was rich of linoleic acid  (39.58%).  The GCMS's analysis results proved that the oil 6 made from lemuru had a big potency to be developed for an Indonesian fish oil export comodity. Keywords: fish oil, EPA, DHA, squalena, GCMS, acid value, peroxide value
WATER QUALITY AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF LOBSTER REARED IN FLOATING NET CAGE IN EKAS BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Hamzah Mat Sardi
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The development of lobster farming in floating net cage in Ekas Bay caused an environmental degradation such as decrease water quality due to some aquaculture wastes. The purposes of this study were to determine the status of water quality and their effect on growth and survival rate of lobster reared in floating net cages (FNC) in the Ekas Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Water sample collection and handling referred to the APHA (1992). Analyses of water quality data were conducted using Principal Component Analysis. Determination of the water quality status of Ekas Bay was performed with STORET system. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between water quality, growth, and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC. Results showed that Ekas Bay water quality status was categorized in class C (medium contaminated), which exceeded some quality standard parameters such as ammonia (0.3 mg/l), nitrate (0.008 mg/l), and phosphate (0.015 mg/l). During lobster farming activities feeding with trash fish for 270 days, we obtained daily growth rate of  0.74% (lower than normal growth rate of 0.86%), survival rate of 66% (lower than normal survival rate of 86.7%), and feed conversion ratio of 11.15. Ammonia was found as a dominant factor reducing growth  and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC. Keywords: water quality, lobsters, growth, survival, Ekas Bay
NATURAL FEED (ROTIFER) MANAGEMENT ON ORANGE SPOTTED GROUPER Epinephelus coioides LARVAL REARING
Authors: Aslianti Titiek , Setyadi Irwan
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT According to Indonesian Standard Quality, the optimal seed production of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been unsuccessful due to the problems occurred during larval rearing period. Efforts on mass rearing of larvae has been carried out in this study to optimize the natural feeding (rotifer). The purpose of this research was to obtain the information about an appropriate duration time for natural feeding (rotifer) to produce higher survival rate. The treatment for providing rotifers on larvae (days after hatching/DAH) i.e., (A) 20 days, (B) 25 days, (C) 30 days, and (D) 35 days. Rotifers were enriched with DHA Selco. Experiment used fiber tanks with 1 m3 capacity with a completely randomized design (CRD) and three replicates. The larvae was reared to achieve the juvenile phase (D-45). The best results from 1 m3 tanks were then reared using concrete tanks of 6 m3 and 10 m3 capacities. The results showed that feeding of rotifers up to 25 DAH larvae on fiber tanks (1 m3) produced the hughest survival rate (7.63 %). Meanwhile, the mass reared in 6 m3 and 10 m3 concrete tanks produced  survival rate of 4.9±3,54% and 8.8±2.26%, respectively. The homogenous size was relatively high (80%) and the seed abnormality was relatively low (0.4%).   Keywords: rotifers, feeding time, Orange Spotted  grouper larvae, Epinephelus coioides
EFFECTIVENESS OF REARING EQUIPMENT ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) SEED AT KODEK BAY, NORTH LOMBOK
Authors: Hamzah M S
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Oyster seeds mass mortality is one of the problemes in pearl farming business. Extreme temperature changes may cause mortality in oyster seed within sehll size of 3-4 cm. Modification in rearing equipment is therefore needed to maintain oyster survival from the impact of seasonal temperature fluctuation. The aim of this research was to observe the effectiveness and effect of rearing equipment on the survival and growth of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) seed at Kodek Bay, North Lombok. This research conducted from March- November 2009 was the continuation from the previous observation (December 2008-February 2009). Percentage of pearl oyster seed survival reared in “tento” basket was 84%, while that in pocket was 53%. “Chi-square” test showed that pearl oyster survival rate was siginifcantly affected by using the two equipment influence within 95% confidence level with ratio of 1.00:1.06. The growth of shell width, thickness, and weight of oyster seed tended to be higher reared in a“tento” basket (having broader space for movement) than that reared in a pocket. Length-weight relationship for those treatments showed similar pattern with minor allometry (b<3). Keywords: “Tento”basket, pocket, survival, growth, pearl oyster seed, Pinctada maxima
WAVEFORM IDENTIFICATION OF ALTIMETRY SATELLITE DATA OF SHALLOW AND DEEP WATERS IN SOUTHERN JAVA WATERS
Authors: Nababan Bisman , Hakim Romdonul , Adrian Danu , Gaol Jonson L
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Waveform patterns of satellite altimetry affect the accuracy of sea surface height estimation from the satellite. The waveform patterns found in the coastal waters are generally not in the ideal form (Brown-waveform), resulting inaccurate in sea surface height estimation. The objec-tives of this research were to identify patterns of the waveform and determine their variability. Satellite altimetry Jason-2 SGDR (Sensor Geophysical Data Record) type D data located in the southern Java island waters of the year of 2013 were used and downloaded from “NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System” (www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov) . Waveform identification and analyses were conducted along the satellite pass within the distance of 0-10 km, 10-50 km, and 50-100 km form the coastline. Results showed that the highest number of non-Brown-waveform was found within 0-10 km of the coastline (69%). Meanwhile, within the distance of 10-50 km and 50-100 km from the coastline, the number of non-Brown waveform was 5% and 3%, respectively. Brown waveform patterns could be found generally starting at 7.58 km from the coastline. Factors such as land near coastal waters, the depth and shape of the surface waters, aerosols in the atmosphere, building (example: lighthouse or ship) found in coastal areas suspected to be the cause of the noise in waveforms. Keywords: Borwn and non-Brown waveform, sea level height, altimetry satellite, identification