bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of a systemic inflammatory response on adaptive mechanisms and the state of homeostasis in patients with respiratory tuberculosis in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Кaticheva A. V. , Brazhenko N. A. , Brazhenko O. N. , Chuikova A. G. , Nikolay A. V. , Zheleznyak S. G. , Tsygan N. V.
Published: July 2021

The influence of the systemic inflammatory response on the adaptive mechanisms and the state of homeostasis of the body in patients with respiratory tuberculosis against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is considered. It has been established that respiratory tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are widespread among the population and are important causes of bronchopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is determined in one third of newly diagnosed patients with respiratory tuberculosis. The combined course of respiratory tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a mutually aggravating condition. Comorbid pathology is much more difficult, accompanied by severe intoxication, disintegration of lung tissue and bacterial excretion. Biomarkers and the severity of the systemic inflammatory response are of great clinical and diagnostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was determined that the systemic inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by endothelial dysfunction of the vascular wall, significant changes in white blood cells, changes in the protein spectrum of the blood, and lipid metabolism disorders. The manifestations of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in patients with respiratory tuberculosis, aggravate the course of both diseases. The comorbid state is also characterized by a change in the lipid profile of patients, an increase in the content of total cholesterol and atherogenic fractions. These changes are interrelated with the state of adaptive mechanisms, homeostasis and reactivity of the organism. The state of homeostasis largely determines the development, course and outcome of pathological processes characteristic of tuberculous inflammation and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the increase in the effectiveness of the treatment is closely related to the restoration of homeostatic balance and reactivity of the body. The availability of methods for determining the homeostatic balance of the body in clinical practice, with their high information content, allows a personalized approach to the management of patients with comorbidity.
Сhronic gastritis: impaired motor-evacuation function of the stomach
Authors: Pavlovich I. M. , Al’per G. A. , Gordienko A. V. , Proskunov D. I. , Yakovlev V. V.
Published: July 2021

The effect of morphological changes in the gastric mucosa on the motor-evacuation function of the stomach was evaluated in 90 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 93 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis aged 18 to 82 years. Motor function disturbances were discovered of 90% of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 80,6% with chronic non-atrophic gastritis. It was established that the pyloric insufficiency compared with its spasm was significantly more (p0,01) often in chronic atrophic gastritis. Insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with atrophic gastritis was significantly (p0,01). Insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter in combination with duodenogastric reflux in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis was significantly more (p0,01) often observed during diffuse atrophy, i. e. when mucous membrane of stomach corpus and antrum is involved in the process. With the localization of atrophy in the antrum alone, pyloric insufficiency was observed significantly more (p 0,01) often than spasm. Thus, an interrelation between the insufficiency of the lower esophageal and pyloric sphincters with the diffuse atrophic process has been established. There are no significant differences of disorders of gastric motor function in patients with different types of chronic gastritis. Accelerated evacuation from the stomach with localization of atrophy in the mucous membrane of the stomach corpus is more (p 0,01) often observed in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.
Features of diagnostics of the peripheral lymph nodes tuberculosis
Authors: Balasaniantc G. S. , Dantsev V. V. , Matinina M. S. , Zarecky B. V. , Muchaidze R. D.
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the features of diagnostics of peripheral lymph nodes tuberculosis in modern conditions is carried out. For this 28 case histories of patients suffering from tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes were studied and 85,7% of them had a combination of tuberculosis and infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. All patients were undergoing biopsies or surgery of lymph nodes, and the material was examined using microbiological molecular, genetic and histological methods. 85,7% of patients had relapses with different periods of time, on average, 34 years, and repeated periods of tuberculosis activation. At all patients the lymph nodes were enlarged, mainly cervical (71,4%) and axillary (67,9%), the sizes of nodes varied from 1 to 5 cm, on average, 2,21,6 cm. In 78,6% cases tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes was characterized by fluctuation of nodes and the discharge of 30 to 80 ml of odorless creamy pus. It was found that tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes is part of a widespread tuberculous lesions especially at patients with tuberculosis associated with an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes develops simultaneously with a specific lesion of other groups of lymph nodes intrathoracic (75%), intra-abdominal (57,1%), which allows to generalized tuberculosis of the lymphatic system. Fibrobronchoscopy showed in 35,7% patients residual bronchial tuberculosis changes, at 14,3% an active fistulous form of bronchial tuberculosis. Microscopy of biopsy material was negative at 78,6% of cases, while cultural examination revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 100% and molecular genetic studies deoxyribonucleic acid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 64,3% patients.
The development of complications of community-acquired pneumonia of a severe course against the background of parenteral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic substances
Authors: Gayvoronskiy I. N. , Khalimov Yu. Sh , Gayduk S. V. , Lyanginen T. V. , Partsernyak A. S. , Litvinenko R. I.
Published: July 2021

Doctors of the clinic of military field therapy of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, the experience of successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia of a severe course with the development of complications against the background of parenteral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic substances in a young patient was obtained. An important feature in the treatment tactics of this patient was the impossibility of antidote therapy with naloxone (a competitive opioid receptor antagonist) due to the presence of signs of respiratory failure, hypoxic and tissue hypoxia. As a result of the systemic treatment in the young patient, it was possible to arrest a significant septic process and multiple organ disorders of vital functions that arose due to severe endotoxic damage. An important factor in ensuring the survival of patients with severe pneumonia against a background of immune depression due to the use of toxic substances is the rational selection of an antibacterial drug or combinations of antibiotic therapy, constant monitoring of vital functions with prompt correction of emerging disorders, as well as the need to use modern high-tech treatment methods. This example clearly shows the need for urgent, systematic and complex intensive care in a number of manipulations performed in people with complications of community-acquired pneumonia, suffering from drug addiction. In addition, it is important to minimize the time from the detection of a poisoned person to the start of emergency measures, as well as their further evacuation to the stage of providing qualified and specialized medical care. Thus, modern medicine continues to face an extremely urgent problem of drug use by the population. A significant number of people with drug dependence syndrome do not seek medical help for various reasons, continuing to use illegal drugs.
Safety assessment of preoperative oil chemoembolization with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pavlovskii A. V. , Statsenko A. A. , Popov S. A. , Moiseenko V. E. , Polikarpov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Results of combined treatment of 36 patients suffering from pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma are evaluated, including preoperative chemotherapy using nanodispersed albumin-stabilized paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in intraarterial oil chemoembolization or intravenous administration and radical surgical treatment. Intraarterial oily chemoembolization of the pancreatic head consisted of the introduction of 17 patients (main group) into the gastroduodenal artery of an emulsion of super-liquid lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultra Fluid) in an aqueous solution of nab-pacliaxel 50 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 400 mg/m2. 19 patients (control group) were administered nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously according to standard guidelines. Safety and tolerability assessment of combined treatment with preoperative application of nab-paclitaxel was carried out in advance. Pil-preserving pancreatoduodenal resection is considered safe on day 710, after completion of preoperative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel. The use of nab-paclitaxel in preoperative intraarterial oily chemoembolization of the pancreatic head requires extension of the pancreatic crossing boundary to body level. Postoperative lethality and 4th degree complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were not observed. In the main group, grade 3a complication was observed in 2 (12%) patients and was represented by bleeding from acute gastric erosions resolved endoscopically. In the control group, complications of degree 3 were also noted in 2 (11%) patients and were represented by: one bleeding from acute stomach erosions that required endoscopic hemostasis and an intraabdominal abscess allowed by percutaneous drainage. In the main group, complications of the 2nd degree were recorded in 8 (47%) patients: in 3 (17%) patients the formation of pancreatic fistula was noted, in 4 (23%) postoperative pancreatitis was detected, and in 1 (6%) gastrostasis phenomena that required conservative therapy. In the control group, complications of the 2nd degree were observed in 11 (58%) patients and were presented: pancreatic fistulae in 2 (10%) patients, postoperative pancreatitis in 6 (31%) and gastrostasis in 3 (16%) patients. The most common complication observed in both groups was the suppression of a postoperative wound, corresponding to the 1st degree of severity: in the main group in 5 (29%) patients, in the control group in 7 (37%) patients. Thus, the use of intraarterial oil chemoembolization with nab-paclitaxel as a preoperative antitumor treatment can be considered safe.
Mental burn out in young persons with COVID-19-infection
Authors: Uliukin I. M. , Sechin A. A. , Orlova E. S. , Bolekhan V. N. , Shuklina A. A.
Published: July 2021

Currently, both in our country and around the world, there is an epidemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19. A list of its main forms of syndromes and complications is known. Against this background, people who have undergone COVID-19 may develop a mental burnout syndrome, which at its core has a manifested growing emotional exhaustion, due, first of all, to the tension of the workload among the representatives of the human-to-human profession. Features of mental burnout were studied in 62 convalescents 90 days after discharge from the hospital. A feature of the study is the fact that it is almost impossible to select a control group for the disease under study. Therefore, psychological indicators were compared between different clinical forms of COVID-19. There were no statistically significant differences between the indices of the subscales of the Burnout Syndrome Questionnaire in different forms of COVID-19. Psycho-emotional exhaustion in all convalescents is weakly expressed, personal distance is not expressed, professional motivation is high in 100% of cases. Moreover, in patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19, this figure was 90%. At the same time, the index of mental burnout in survivors of COVID-19 has an average value. In a number of cases, emotional exhaustion was revealed, which was combined with physical overwork; however, it did not significantly affect the indicators of mental burnout, which indicates adequate medical and psychological support of patients in the course of treatment.
Problematic use issues military medical terminology in the disaster medicine service ministry of defense of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lemeshkin R. N. , Kotenko P. K. , Savchenko I. F. , Kosyakov G. V. , Blinov V. A. , Sinkievich A. V. , Stepanov A. V. , Chepurnenko D. А. , Klimzov А. G.
Published: July 2021

The health care of the Russian Federation and its medicine of accidents industry were undergoing systemic changes that required, inter alia, reappraisal of approaches to the work of specialist doctors in federal ministries, agencies and services in the implementation of joint activities during the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies of various genesis. It is noted that during interpersonal communication, medical specialists often encounter various understandings and paths of special professional terms, which often leads to a decrease in the quality of organization of interaction and management. A particular feature of the use of military-medical terminology in the Disaster Medicine Service of the Russian Federation was its mixing with the terminological definitions of specialists from other federal ministries, agencies and services, which in some cases significantly complicates management communication. A scientific search has been carried out using content analysis, rank-based dispersion analysis of data, sociological and linguistic analysis to study the most used terms that characterize such concepts as wounded, sick and affected, injured, patient, medical and sanitary care, treatment and evacuation support, medical care, and terms characterizing types of care. The most significant, according to experts, terms that reflect the practical activities of medical specialists and allow them to master at the proper level the training programs for personnel of higher qualifications in the field of disaster medicine were the terms affected in an emergency, patient (3,770,82 points), as well as treatment and evacuation support (4,670,55 points) and medical support (4,21,1 points). Meaningful terminological contradictions that can lead to a violation of organizational integrity are also identified of the system of medical and evacuation support of troops (forces) and the population during the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations by the forces and means of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as not always reflecting the specific conditions of activity and organization of interaction of medical specialists of federal ministries, agencies and services. All this requires harmonization (bringing to a common understanding) of the relevant terminology for the application of military-medical terminology in the Disaster Medicine Service of the Russian Federation.
Elastography in the diagnosis of fibrosis in chronic diffuse liver diseases
Authors: Zhirkov I. I. , Gordienko A. V. , Pavlovich I. M. , Yakovlev V. V. , Serdyukov D. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The presents modern information about a non-invasive instrumental technique for assessing fibrotic changes in the liver elastography. The data on the history of the origin of the term elastography are presented, several of its definitions are given, and attention is also paid to the main principle of the technique percussion, which is traditionally used in an objective study of a patient. The facts about the dual terminology of the technique in the literature are presented, in which some authors use the term elastography, and the other part elastometry. When analyzing the literature, it turned out that in foreign sources the term elastography is much more often used, and both names of the method are used in Russian. Given the greater prevalence of the elastography option, it is more logical to use it, but each of these names has its own right to exist. Definitions are given for the basic physical concepts associated with the elastography method elasticity, rigidity and Youngs modulus of elasticity. From the point of view of application in clinical practice, elastography techniques can be divided into four groups: compression elastography, which is more often used in oncodiagnostics, transient, point and two-dimensional shear wave elastography, used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Physical classification involves dividing elastography into two types: static, which includes compression elastography, and dynamic, which includes transient, point and two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Transient elastography is implemented in devices of the FibroScan family, point elastography in ultrasound scanners from Hitachi Aloka, Siemens and Philips, two-dimensional shear wave elastography in devices from Supersonic Imagine, Toshiba, Siemens, Mindray, General Electric. The widest range of possibilities for assessing liver fibrosis is provided by two-dimensional shear wave elastography. The combined use of several techniques is expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy in determining fibrosis. Magnetic resonance elastography has the greatest accuracy among elastographic techniques, but its application is limited due to the complexity and high cost of equipment, therefore, this technique has not yet found wide application in clinical practice.
Improving revision operations for restoration of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint in military personnel
Authors: Khominets V. V. , Rikun O. V. , Grankin A. S. , Fedorov R. A. , Fedotov A. O. , Bazarov I. S. , Konokotin D. A.
Published: July 2021

The analysis of foreign and domestic scientific publications of recent years, devoted to the problem of revision reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint in young and middle-aged patients with high functional demands. The key directions for improving the treatment of this category of patients have been determined. It was found that the main trend in the improvement of revision reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in patients with high functional demands, which primarily include professional athletes and military personnel, is the desire for enhanced stabilization of the joint by eliminating residual, primarily rotational instability and increasing protection the main graft from high stress overload. Of particular importance is a strictly individual approach to the choice of the method of revision reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, which makes it possible to implement the principles underlying the primary plastic of the ligament. The solution of these two problems requires, firstly, a more detailed examination of patients in order to identify factors of increased risk for the development of recurrent joint instability, which must be eliminated during surgical treatment. Secondly, the strict anatomical nature of restoration, and more often reconstruction, of the main and auxiliary functionally incompetent stabilizing structures of the joint against an unfavorable anatomical background caused by previous operations in the form of bone defects and deformities of the condyles with destruction of hyaline cartilage and previously resected menisci. Third, the use of reinforced grafts of increased strength for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, as the main structure that stabilizes the joint. Moreover, such reinforcement can be direct, by strengthening the cruciate ligament graft directly, or indirectly, by strengthening the anterolateral part of the joint. The most appropriate is a combination of these two directions in order to obtain the maximum positive effect. Promising options for extra-articular reinforcement today are anatomical reconstruction of the anterolateral ligament and lateral extra-articular tenodesis of the iliotibial tract as part of the anterolateral joint complex. This makes it possible to compensate for the forced resections of the menisci and, without correction, at least at the first revision, the increased posterior inclination of the articular surface of the tibial condyles. The main advantages of these operations in combination with the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament are their proven efficiency, versatility, technical simplicity and availability, which are of particular importance for the introduction into wide clinical practice of trauma departments of military hospitals.
The science of eye diseases in Saint Petersburg in the XVIII century
Authors: Milasheva N. V. , Samoilov V. O.
Published: July 2021

A brief overview of the state of Russian medicine of the XVII century is presented firstly. The main attention is paid to the treatment of eye diseases during the XVIII century and the influence of famous foreign doctors and scientists on the origin and formation of Russian ophthalmology and its scientific basis. Special attention is paid to the role of the outstanding Dutch doctor and world-famous scientist G. Burhaave, who was called the teacher of the whole Europe, in the development of medicine and identification of ophthalmology as an independent section of medicine and as a special discipline. This contributed to the further development of ophthalmology not only in Europe but also in Russia. The important role of the Vienna ophthalmology school and its representatives, including G.Y. Beer, Y. Bart, J.Ya. Morenheim and others, is stated in relation to the formation of the Russian scientific school of ophthalmology, which was the successor of Vienna best traditions. Great attention is paid to scientific papers and textbooks on ophthalmology published in the XVIII century in Russian. We also studied the student book by G. Burhaave Public lectures on eye diseases that was the main textbook of the XVIII century for medical students throughout Europe and was published in Russia in 1798. We also analyzed the little-known in Russia handwritten document from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive an essay by the Austrian doctor of medicine and surgery Professor J. Ya. Plenka Doctrina de morbisoculorum (Doctrine of Eye Diseases) translated into Russian by the doctor of medicine A. Maslovsky (1798). A. Maslovsky dedicated the translation of this recognized in Europe scientific work to the Chief Director of the Medical College Baron A. I. Vasiliev. On September 23, 1818, according to the Highest Order of Emperor Alexander the I the first department of optics in Russia was established at the Saint Petersburg branch of the Medical and Surgical Academy with the approval of doctor of medicine and surgery I. E. Grubi in the position of full professor.
In memory of Georgiy Nicolaevich Tsibulyak
Authors: Samokhvalov I. M. , Badalov V. I. , Tiniankin N. A. , Liashedko P. P. , Golovko K. P.
Published: July 2021

The biography of colonel of Medical Corps, professor Georgiy Nicolaevich Tsibuliak (19322020) is presented. In 1956 G.N. Tsibuliak graduated from the Kirov Military Academy being awarded with gold medal. When being a cadet, he got actively engaged in research. In 1961 G.N. Tsibuliak defended candidates dissertation on the injury treatment in casualties damaged by ionizing radiation, took part in the study of multiple injuries occurring in atomic tests. After graduating from the medical residency he stayed in War Surgery department of the Academy, was eventually assigned as a senior lecturer, the head of the research laboratory carrying out the study of shock and terminal state. In1966 he defended a doctorate in pathogenesis, clinical findings and treatment of tetanus. G.N. Tsibuliak became one of the leading advocates for the concept of traumatic shock in individuals. This fact that at present emergency physicians and surgeons dealing with traumatic shock consider to be an axiom, is scientifically based, and was gained through hard routine work in treating severely injured casualties. From 1976 to 1982 Georgiy Nicolaevich was Surgeon-in-Chief in Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. In 19901993 he was in charge of research laboratory dealing with combat surgical trauma in the Academy. Since 1993 G.N. Tsibuliak had retired from active duty, holding the position of a professor at the War Surgery department. He is the author of more than 200 scientific papers, including 7 monographs. G.N. Tsibuliak was closest associate of A.N. Berkutov in studying traumatic shock in casualties, took an active part in formation of a new clinical specialty resuscitation.
Modern aspects of computer visual syndrome
Authors: Trubilin Vladimir N. , Yudin Vladimir E. , Ovechkin Igor G. , Trubilinа Maria A. , Orlova Olga M. , Kovrigina Ekaterina I. , Budko Andrey A. , Matvienko Victor V.
Published: July 2021

The review presents the pathogenetic, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation aspects of computer visual syndrome. The importance of an integrated approach to the implementation of treatment and rehabilitation measures is emphasized. The promising directions of scientific and practical activity on the problem of treating patients with computer visual syndrome symptoms from the standpoint of modern requirements for medical rehabilitation have been determined.
Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of gallstone disease after bariatric surgery
Authors: Ivanov Yuri V. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Stankevich Vladimir R. , Sharobaro Valentin I. , Velichko Eugen A.
Published: July 2021

Background: The development of gallstone disease (GSD) after bariatric surgery is a significant problem. The prophylactic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) preparations on the occurrence of cholelithiasis after gastric bypass and longitudinal gastrectomy has been studied. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid preparations in the prevention of cholelithiasis in patients after bariatric surgery. Methods: The results of a year-long follow-up for 128 patients after bariatric surgery were analyzed. In 68 patients, the prophylaxis of the gallstone disease development was not performed. 60 patients took a daily 500 mg dose of UDCA orally. Results: Cholelithiasis had developed in 17 (25%) patients who did not undergo the prophylaxis of cholelithiasis. Of these, 10 (14.7%) underwent cholecystectomy. Among those patients who took UDCA drugs, stones in the gallbladder were found in 7 (11.6%), and only one patient (1.7%) required a surgical treatment. Conclusion: UDCA administration during the first year after bariatric surgery in the amount of 500 mg per day significantly reduces the likelihood of the de novo cholelithiasis development. The medical prophylaxis of gallstone disease should be included in the standards of bariatric patients' management.
The Quṭb al-‘alām Degree of the Sufis according to the Tadhkira-yi Khwāja Quṭb ad-dīn ‘Irāqī
Authors: Molotova Gulbakhrem M. , Molotova Elvira M.
Published: July 2021

The authors of the article studied a copy of the hagiographical Tadhkira-yi Khwāja Qub ad-dīn Irāqī housed at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St.Petersburg. On the basis of the data from this source, the relationships between the Sufis of Naqshbandiya in Central Asia and some aspects of the tradition of knowledge inheritance are considered. Emphasis is placed on the Qub al-alām degree of the Sufis, which is revealed in the Tadhkira. The value of this copy also lies in the fact that it contains information on the tradition of Uvaysiya, popular in Eastern Turkestan.
An Arabo-Islamic Lexicon of Russian Academic Islamic Studies
Authors: Prozorov Stanislav M.
Published: July 2021

The structure of the proposed publication: The introductory part, were the author examines the necessity of the unification of Arab-Islamic terminology in Russian Academic Islamic studies as a step on the way to the proper understanding and translation of Arab-Islamic lexicon and as a measure contributing to the improvement of professional knowledge of Islam. Two subject-matter parts contain a database of Arab-Islamic vocabulary, prepared on the basis of the contents of original Arab-Islamic sources and presented in the form of two tables, in which the selected terminology is presented in Arabic script, Cyrillic alphabet and Latin transliteration, with an appended Russian translation.
Three Important Sources for the Study of Shaykhism and Early Babism
Authors: Ioannesyan Youli A.
Published: July 2021

The ground for the Babi Faith (Babism) as an independent religious system was laid by Shaikhism, an esoteric Shiih school. A great role in this process was played by one of the prominent Shaykhi theologists and religious thinkers Sayid Kazim Rashti. He developed certain concepts which, apart from being revolutionary for Islam, paved the way for Babism to some extent, while many of his disciples made up the ranks of the first Babis. The article considers three sources which reveal the crucial factors of this process from the theological standpoint as well as focuses on the transformation of the mindset of some of Sayid Kazims prominent disciples into the Babi worldview.
Review of the book: Bertova A.D. Christians in Japan: Experience of Historico-Religious Analysis. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2017. 318 pp. ISBN 978-5-02-038374-6 (in Russian)
Authors: Klimov Vadim Yu.
Published: July 2021

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Review of the book: I.N. Medvedskaya The History of the Median King-dom: the 7th–6th Centuries B.C. St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2018. 322 pp. ISBN 978-5-8071-0371-1
Authors: Kozyreva Nelly V.
Published: July 2021

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Carrying out of Punishments Under the T’ang Dynasty Criminal Law
Authors: Rybakov Viacheslav M.
Published: July 2021

Every legal system includes, as one of its main elements, a system of the implementation of sentences issued by the courts. However, the administration of punishments is always connected with violence against people, and sometimes even with their execution. The extent to which such violence was restricted so as to be acceptable to the collective sense of justice is an eloquent characteristic of the very concepts of justice inherent in culture as a whole. This article uses the example of the Chinese Tang dynasty criminal law to analyze what restrictions were provided by the traditional Chinese law for state violence against convicted criminals, and what penalties for government employees, who violated those restrictions.
The Menology of Lectionary D 227 from the Collection of the IOM RAS: Liturgical Reading for the Feast Day of the Placing of the Cincture (Girdle) of the Virgin Mary
Authors: Fionin Maxim V.
Published: July 2021

The article briefly describes the menology section of lectionary D 227 from the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts. In the 19th century, the manuscript belonged to the monastery of St.George Al-Humaira in Syria, where it was restored by monks. Unfortunately, the restoration was poorly done and some pages at the end of the manuscript have changed their position. The author explores the origin of the early liturgical reading from Lk 19: 110 (about Zacchaeus) on the church feast the Girdle of Virgin Mary. Не suggests that the reading about Zacchaeus (Lk 19:110) could have appeared in the Constantinoples lectionaries of the 7th14th centuries under the influence of the Jerusalem service.
Review of the book: Walravens H. Eugen Pander und seine lamaistische Sammlung. Rekonstruktion der als Kriegsverlust geltenden bedeutenden
ehemaligen Berliner Bestände. Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, 2019, 230 pр. (Bibliographia Philologica Buddhica. Series Major. VI).
ISBN 978-4-906267-78-1 (in German).
Authors: Zorin Alexander V.
Published: July 2021

Review of the book: Walravens H. Eugen Pander und seine lamaistische Sammlung. Rekonstruktion der als Kriegsverlust geltenden bedeutenden ehemaligen Berliner Bestnde
Non-typical sources for court decisions by the rulers of Central Asian states in the 16th–19th cc.
Authors: Pochekaev Roman Y.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes specific cases of making court decisions by the rulers Central Asian states on the basis of sources which were either unrelated to the basic legal system of their state or were not sources of law. The author characterizes cases from the Bukhara Khanate of the 16th and 17th centuries and from the Kazakh Steppe of the first half of the 19th century. He finds that rulers used such sources of their court decisions to demonstrate their political position for their own subjects or rulers of neighboring states.
Physical and Chemistry Characteristics of Ice Cream with Additional Bitter Melon Puree
Authors: Saputryasto Kukuh , Kiranawati Titi Mutiara , Hidayati Laili
Published: July 2021

Ice cream made from added with bitter melon puree it is hoped will get a unique taste. The processing of this ice cream utilizes the abundant yield of bitter melon from an area. This study aims to examine the chemical properties (vitamin C, and β-carotene) and physical properties (viscosity, overrun, and melting power). The type of research used is experimental research. The design in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one treatment, namely the addition of bitter melon puree with three percentages (50 percent, 40 percent, 30 percent). The data obtained were then analyzed using the ANOVA method if there was a difference followed by DMRT. There are significant differences in vitamin C levels, β-carotene levels, viscosity, overrun value, and melting power. The highest levels of vitamin C were found in the addition of bitter melon puree by 50 percent, the highest β-carotene levels were found in the addition of bitter melon puree by 50 percent, viscosity was found in the addition of bitter melon puree by 50 percent, the highest overrun value was found in the addition of bitter melon puree by 50 percent, and the highest melting power was found in the addition of bitter melon puree by 50 percent. The conclusion obtained from this study is that the addition of more bitter melon puree will increase levels of vitamin C, β-carotene levels, viscosity, overrun, and melting power.
The Influence of Office Employees’ Eating Behaviour Due to Stress: The Case of Universiti Malaysia Sabah Office Employees
Authors: Sapawi Dg. Khairunisa Ahmad , Ming Ng Hui
Published: July 2021

It is common for stressful people to seek relief through eating their favourite foods or comfort foods. However, these foods can be unhealthy if taken too frequently. The study focuses on determining the university office employees’ choice of comfort foods and investigating the influence of stress on their eating behaviours. Among all of Universiti Malaysia Sabah office employees, 337 were selected through stratified sampling. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive and one-way ANOVA analysis were used. Findings showed most respondents were within medium level of stress. Based on the findings of IES, the differences on stress levels on respondents’ comfort food intake were significant (F (2, 334) =8.71, p lower than 0.05). However, respondents are found to enjoy consuming comfort foods regardless of stress levels and will choose comfort foods to satisfy hunger. This highlights the importance of diet intervention to be included as a component in stress management as to aid the prevention of diet-related diseases among the university office employees.
Postactivation potentiation improves jumps performance in children ages 6 to 8 years old
Authors: Gerber C , Sirieiro P , Nasser I , Taber C , Miranda H
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) in vertical and horizontal jump performance in pre-pubertal children. Material and method: One hundred and nineteen children (65 girls and 54 boys; 6.8 ± 0.7 years old; 124.5 ± 6.4 cm; 25.2 ± 5.1 kg) participated in this study. This was a transversal cross-sectional study which incorporated a within-subjects repeatedmeasures design, where participants completed all protocols. The experimental procedure required four total testing, separated by one week, using a counterbalanced. This study investigated jumping performance associated with weighted jumps, lowload vertical jumps, and horizontal jumps. During two sessions the participants performed vertical jumps with and without PAP, the other two sessions the same procedures were performed for horizontal jumps. The PAP protocol consisted of one set of five weighted countermovement jumps with low-load (10% of body mass) and a rest interval of four minutes prior to the jump tests. Paired t-tests were used between conditions (PAP and control) in the vertical jump and horizontal jump test. In addition, Cohen’s d effect size and 95% confidence interval was used. Results: Significant jump height was observed in the vertical jump in the PAP condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.007). Similar results were observed for the horizontal jump tests, with significant longer distance observed in the PAP condition (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Pre-pubertal children can benefit from the effects of PAP in vertical and horizontal jumping performance when preceded by low-load ballistic movements. A protocol implementing low-loads, determined by a relative percentage of body mass is effective to promote PAP for young children.
Therapeutic effects of hippotherapy in the elderly: a review of the literature
Authors: Gámez-Calvo L , Gamonales JM , Léon K , Muñoz-Jiménez J
Published: July 2021

The present work aims to carry out a structured and bibliographic review based on the results found regarding the terms Hippotherapy and Elderly people. For the reference search, the following keywords in English, Hippotherapy and Elderly, were used as descriptors, these keywords being always entered in databases of the same language. The computerized databases SCOPUS, WOS, SPORTDiscus were used. PubMed and Cochrane. To limit the search for documents, four inclusion criteria were introduced: i) Mention at least some of the characteristics of Hippotherapy for the elderly (minimum 20 words that mention the subject), ii) Select only scientific documents (journal articles) These articles may have an experimental design or be review articles, iii) Be accessible and be available in full text or with access to the abstract, and iiii) Be written in Spanish, English or Portuguese. The results show that the papers on Hippotherapy in the elderly address different research topics and show that equestrian therapies have beneficial therapeutic effects in the elderly population. Hippotherapy interventions improve static balance and dynamic balance, postural balance, functional mobility, flexibility, muscular strength, gait and cadence of steps. They reduce spasticity, causing a decrease in the risk of falls and an improvement in the quality of life of the elderly. In addition, they cause benefits on a psychological level, reducing levels of stress and depression, which produces an improvement in the quality of sleep and positively influences mood.
Cancer-related fatigue: trigger factors and function of exercise
Authors: Tórtola-Navarro A , Santalla A
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Several publications have theorized about the triggers of cancer-related fatigue, one of the side effects of the disease and its treatments that most stress cancer survivors. On the other hand, physical exercise has been analyzed as a therapy to reduce the impact of this sequel, and several institutions support its inclusion within care programs for the oncological population. However, cancer fatigue and the role that exercise plays in its control has been exposed without an overall assessment that shows its complexity and why physical exercise is so valuable to reducing it. Objectives: The objective of this work was to review the existing evidence about triggers of fatigue in cancer, to expose how physical exercise acts on each of them to control their symptoms and achieve a comprehensive therapeutic effect. Material and method: Several bibliographic searches were carried out to find out which were the triggers of fatigue proposed by the research, how they develop and affect the oncological patient and, finally, to what extent physical exercise would be a viable tool to control its effects. Results: Exposed to more than twenty triggers and aggravating factors of cancer-related fatigue, we found that most of them could be prevented or at least controlled through physical exercise. Conclusions: It is impossible to isolate some triggers from others, and some of them are inevitable as they are part of the medical treatment of the disease. Understanding the relationships between triggers and knowing the positive effects of physical exercise on each one of them is clearly useful to control this side effect.
Mixed Convection in a Two-Sided and Four-Sided Lid-Driven Square Porous Cavity
Authors: Bagai Shobha , Kumar Manoj , Patel Arvind
Published: July 2021

The present paper investigates the mixed convection in a two-sided and four-sided lid-driven square cavity in porous media. In the two-sided porous cavity, the left and right walls of the enclosure are maintained at constant but different temperatures, while the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. The top and the bottom walls of the enclosure move with a constant speed from left to right. In the four-sided porous cavity, the top and the bottom walls of the enclosure move from left to right and right to left, respectively, while the left and the right walls move from top to bottom and bottom to top, respectively, with a constant speed. The left and right walls of the enclosure are maintained at different heat fluxes, while the top and bottom walls are maintained at hot and cold temperatures, respectively. The governing equations are discretized by the fully implicit finite difference method, namely, Alternating-Direction-Implicit (ADI) method. The numerical results are analyzed for the effect of Darcy number (Da = 0.001, 0.01), Prandtl number (Pr = 7), Grashof number (Gr = 50,000), porosity (ε = 0.2) and viscosity ratio (Λ = 1, 3). The stability and convergence of the considered problem have been proved using the Matrix method.
Stability Characteristics of a Turbulent Nonpremixed Conical Bluff Body Flame
Authors: Ata Alper , Ozdemir I. Bedii
Published: July 2021

The thermal characteristics of turbulent non-premixed methane flames were investigated by four burner heads with the same exit diameter but different heights. The fuel flow rate was kept constant with an exit velocity of 15 m/s, while the co-flow air speed was increased from 0 to 7.6 m/s. The radial profiles of the temperature and flame visualizations were obtained to investigate the stability limits. The results evidenced that the air co-flow and the cone angle have essential roles in the stabilization of the flame: An increase in the cone angle and/or the co-flow speed deteriorated the stability of the flame, which eventually tended to blow off. As the cone angle was reduced, the flame was attached to the bluff body. However, when the cone angle is very small, it has no effect on stability. The mixing and entrainment processes were described by the statistical moments of the temperature fluctuations. It appears that the rise in temperature coincides with the intensified mixing, and it becomes constant in the entrainment region.
Convection Heat Transfer Analysis with Flow Resistance for Mini-Helically Coiled Tubes at Supercritical Pressures Experimentally
Authors: Jaddoa Ameer Abed
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes the effect of fluid flow characteristics on the convection heat transfer for mini-helically coiled tubes (HCT) using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a natural refrigerant. Two experimental cases have studied in this work for mini-helically coiled tubes at different diameters with different coil pitches for analyzing the convection heat transfer with flow resistance. In the first case, the inner tube diameter, coil diameter and coil pitch were 5 mm, 200 mm and 10 mm respectively, while 10 mm, 100 mm and 5 mm were for the second case. Moreover, this work has also investigated the influence of frictional pressure drop, heat flux, friction factor and mass flux on dimensionless exergy destruction. The work environments were 300-500 K as an inlet temperatures range, 200-2000 Kg / (m2. s) as a mass heat fluxes range, 50,000-500,000 as a Reynolds number (Re) range and 50-200 Kw/m2 as an inner heat fluxes range. As a result, a large effect has been observed for dimensionless exergy destruction compared with the flow friction of CO2 which induced by heat transfer irreversibility. On the other point of view, a good sensitivity of optimal Re with the tube dimeter and mass flux also noticed compared with the heat flux. At a suitable range for Re, smallest and best exergy destruction also noticed for the tube diameters. A correlation has for the optimal Reynolds number as function of main dimensionless parameters related to wall heat flux, mass flux, fluid properties and geometric dimensions is proposed. Characteristics of the fluid flow had influenced significantly by mass and heat fluxes. In the future, the collected experimental data can be employed in order to design and improve the refrigeration conditioning performance for exchangers and other systems such as heat pumps.
The Description of “Temperature Self-Limiting” in Jordanian Solar Generators with Natural Cooling
Authors: Al-Dabbas Mohammed Awwad Ali
Published: July 2021

This study helps to make the sustainability of the experiential system reg of solar generator device better, particularly the unexpected inactiveness of drainage liquid throughout the solar system which is generating power. Stagnation situations can be disastrous for solar system units. Various methods to mitigating the consequences of the stagnation state have been established and tested. Some suggested approaches are not appropriate for all device designs and implementations. The tested reg generator systems in experiments can continue to work although the collector of the piping system is cut off. furthermore, the absorber layer is a challenge because it absorbs general solar incandesce regardless of cell temperature, causing the piping system to become inactive. This research depicts the experiential data that was tracked and mentioned in dealing with stagnation. The hydrodynamic flowing in the experiential solar generator was simulated using rigid flow. The measuring and processing of the data allowed the identification of excessive heat and stagnation issues in real-world operating environments. Daily, the test logging data of the prototype reg device was monitored to guide the incipience of inactivity and excessive heat. Most items have been utilized in the study; solenoid check valve and the Reflux Pipe in the Check Valves have been utilized as primary control items within the experimental reg unit, while normal cooling was utilized as the subaltern control element. Under stagnation phases, an air path is installed at the rear of the absorber to cool it normally. In general, there are agreement between the experimental and simulation results.