bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Internet of Things and Blockchain in Information Security and Privacy Protection of Global Organizations
Authors: Fang Shuya , Liu Qingquan , Zhang Fengrui , Chen Ningyan , Li Xin
Published: May 2023

Access control data will continue to be exposed to the threat of privacy leakage even if blockchain technology currently offers a new solution for the security and privacy of the internet of things (IoT). However, its usability and privacy are not completely leveraged. This paper first discusses the IoT and blockchain technology and then examines each technology's structural models in order to address the issue of information security and privacy protection for the global organization IoT based on blockchain. Second, the information security and privacy guarantee system based on blockchain is built with ZKP and TEE at its heart after problems with zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) and trusted execution environment (TEE) in information security guarantee based on blockchain are investigated. By comparing the simulation trials, the proposed system's viability is finally confirmed. The results demonstrate that the suggested algorithm's evidence generation time is 352 ms when it reaches the experiment's highest node 28, which is clearly faster than previous techniques.
Evaluation of Modulus of Rupture of the Concrete with Addition of PET Fibers and Polypropylene
Authors: Sánchez Juan Fernando Mendoza , Guzmán Elia Mercedes Alonso , Molina Wilfrido Martínez , Garcia Hugo Luis Chavez , Segovia Jorge Alberto Pacheco , Perez Jorge Alberto Borrego , Sanchez Mauricio Arreola , Seras Marco Antonio Navarrete , Ferreyra Fabricio Ali Hernández
Published: May 2023

This article shows the results of the modulus of rupture test for concrete specimens added with PET fibers and also with polypropylene, with the objective of giving a second use to this waste through recycling, and its incorporation into concrete to improve its mechanical properties. The samples were tested with different fiber contents, and the results showed an increase in the modulus of rupture at 90 days with respect to a normal sample (1-3%). Specimens with PET and polypropylene fibers had a poor performance (<18%).
Fatigue Behaviour of Offshore T-Weld Connections Repaired by Grinding and Wet Welding
Authors: Terán-Mendez Gerardo , Cuamatzi-Melendez Ruben , Medina-Almazán Liliana , Hernández Apolinar Albiter
Published: May 2023

Fixed platforms employed in oil & gas shallow waters industry are subjected to dynamic loads created by winds, waves and currents. However, such loads can produce fatigue damage, like localized cracking in the weld toes of T-welded connections of the submerged structures of fixed platforms. Therefore, to repair localized cracking, a technique that combines grinding and wet welding can be applied at the weld toes of submerged structural connections. Accordingly, in the present work it is presented a methodology to restore the fatigue life of T-welded connections fabricated with A36 plate steel. Consequently, T-welded connections samples were prepared and tested under intact, grinding and grinding-wet-welding repair conditions. For the repair conditions, the weld toes were grinded 6 mm and 10 mm, and wet welding was deposited to fill the grinded material in a hyperbaric chamber, which simulated 50 m, 70 m and 100 m water depths. Afterwards, the repaired connections were subjected to fatigue loads, and the S-N curves were measured for intact and repair conditions. Fatigue results showed that the combined repair technique was able to restore the fatigue life of T-welded connections for a maximum water depth of 50 m. Nonetheless, for water depths of 70 m and 100 m the fatigue life was smaller than for 50 m, but higher compared to the only grinding repair condition.
A Novel Shield Gate 4H-SiC MOSFET with Reduced Reverse Recovery Losses
Authors: Peng Di Sen , Feng Quan Yuan
Published: May 2023

In this work, a novel integrated shield gate 4H-SiC MOSFET structure, which is mainly used to reduce the reverse recovery losses of the device, is proposed. Compared with integrating Schottky barrier diode or heterojunction diode in the device to reduce reverse recovery losses, the technology of introducing field plates in MOSFETs is more mature and economical. At the same time, the new structure studied ensures the gate oxide reliability of the 4H-SiC trench gate. According to the simulation of the electrical characteristics of the source-contacted shield gate device, the effects of multiple factors such as electric field distribution, carrier concentration, and peripheral circuit are comprehensively discussed, the phenomenon of smaller reverse recovery losses caused by the shield gate explained in detail. Compared with the conventional structure device, the peak reverse current, the peak overshoot voltage, and the reverse recovery losses for the source-contacted shield gate MOSFETs are reduced by 81.4%, 77.1%, and 65.1%, respectively.
Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process Membrane Filtering Technology to Overcome the Negative Effects of Concentration Polarization
Authors: Strelkov Alexander R. , Tsabilev O.V. , Gridneva M.A.
Published: May 2023

The unique VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) membrane separation technology is presented, which minimizes the negative effects of concentration polarization. The difference in technology lies in the vibration of the membrane surface. The result are several key technology benefits. All this significantly pushes the boundaries of using membrane methods and makes it possible to use membranes where it was previously impossible. In addition, the separation process does not normally require the use of antiscalant, Recovery rates and Flux are much higher than those of traditional membrane separation systems. The technology is already widely used in the world for many different industries.
Thermodynamic Foundations for the Use of Gypsum and Magnesia Stone for the Neutralization of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Bobrovnik A.B. , Slesarev M.Y. , Shershneva M.V.
Published: May 2023

The need to protect technogenic soils from contamination with heavy metal ions determines the relevance of the topic under study. The aim of the work is to thermodynamically substantiate the ability of gypsum and magnesia stone to neutralize heavy metal ions. Such properties of gypsum and magnesia stone can be called geoecological protection, and the substances themselves can be called mineral geoantidotes. The main method for substantiating geoecological protection properties is a thermodynamic assessment of the reactions of interaction between ions of heavy metals and mineral geoantidotes, as well as an assessment of the solubility product of substances formed during their interaction. As a result of the research, the values of changes in the Gibbs energy during the interaction of mineral geoantidotes and heavy metal ions have been determined; it has been shown that possible products of interaction reactions can be minerals similar to natural ones. Calculations have shown the possibility of reactions occurring under non-standard conditions (1 to 40°C). The experiments carried out made it possible to determine the geoecological protective capacity of gypsum and magnesia stone in non-standard conditions and showed the absence of dependence of the geoecological protective capacity on the ambient temperature in the range from 1 to 40°C. The materials of the article can be useful for the development of technological solutions to reduce harmful pollution by ions of heavy metals of technogenic soils using gypsum and magnesia stone.
Quantitative Analysis of Yield Strength in V-Alloying Medium Manganese Steel under Different Processes
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Sun , Jia Tao , Gao Xiu Hua
Published: May 2023

In the present study, Fe-0.2C-1.2Si-10.3Mn-3.4Al-0.33V multiphase steels were prepared by two different processing including intercritical annealing and warm rolling plus heat treatment. The microstructure changes induced by working processes and their effects on mechanical properties were investigated. By establishing the yield strength contribution model of each phase, the contribution of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of each phase is calculated. The calculated results suggest that warm rolling plus heat treatment process improves the grain boundary strengthening, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening of each phase, and improves the yield strength.
Study of the Possibility of Using Na- and Ca-Differences of Zeolite for the Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Efimov S.E. , Aleksandrov A.R.
Published: May 2023

This article presents the typification of zeolite raw materials from the Khonguruu deposit (Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia), in order to determine the area of its practical application in preparing the field for industrial development. The types of raw materials are distinguished by the difference in cation composition: clinoptilolite-geylandite composition (Na-and Ca-differences of zeolite) and geylandite composition (Ca-difference of zeolite). A brief description of the material composition and physicochemical properties of zeolite rocks is given. The physical and mechanical properties of the zeolite of the deposit and the possibility of its use for the purpose of drinking water purification are investigated. The performed studies have shown that the natural zeolite of Na-and Ca-differences has good sorption properties and can be used as filter materials in water purification systems intended for household and drinking purposes.
Effects of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function in adults
Authors: Oizumi Ryosuke , Sugimoto Yoshie , Aibara Hiromi
Published: May 2023

Among lifestyle habits, the effect of exercise on skin moisturizing function has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function. The participants were 30-64 years old with no history of skin diseases and no exercise habits at the start of the study. The intervention group (n=9) continued to exercise at least 600 Mets/week for 8 weeks, while the control group (n=28) followed conventional lifestyle habits for 8 weeks. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits were administered at the beginning and after 8 weeks, and skin moisturizing function (stratum corneum hydration: SC hydration, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss: TEWL) was measured. Analysis of covariance was performed using sex, age, and measurements at the start of the study as covariates. Analysis of covariance showed that after 8 weeks of "moderate" or “higher” exercise, there was a trend toward higher SC hydration in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p=0.083, η2=0.10). There was no difference in TEWL after 8 weeks (p=0.864, η2=0.00). These results suggest that regular exercise may help maintain and improve skin moisturizing function.
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: Current Understanding and Treatment Including Role of Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Authors: Hameed* Mohamed Siraj Shahul , Wright Ann , Chern Bernard Su Min
Published: May 2023

The incidence of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is increasing reflecting the global increase in cesarean section (CS) rate which has almost doubled since 2000. CSP differs from other types of ectopic pregnancy in its ability to progress while still carrying a significant risk of maternal morbidity. Little is known about precise etiology or natural history although current interest in the pathology of placenta accretes spectrum disorders might be enlightening. Early detection and treatment of CSP are challenging. Once diagnosed, the recommendation is to offer early termination of pregnancy because of the potential risks of continuing the pregnancy. However, as the likelihood of future pregnancy complications for any CSP varies depending on its individual characteristics, this might not always be necessary nor might it be the patient’s preferred choice if she is asymptomatic, hemodynamically stable, and wants a baby. The literature supports an interventional rather than a medical approach but the safest and most efficient clinical approach to CSP in terms of treatment modality and service delivery has yet to be determined. This review aims to provide an overview of CSP etiology, natural history, and clinical implications. Treatment options and methods of CSP repair are discussed. We describe our experience in a large tertiary center in Singapore with around 16 cases/year where most treatment modalities are available as well as an “accreta service” for continuing pregnancies. We present a simple algorithm for approach to management including a method of triaging for those CSPs suitable for minimally invasive surgery.
Vaginal Vault Infiltration with Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control after Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized control trial
Authors: Roy Kallol Kumar , Kanikaram Poojitha Kalyani , Singh* Nilanchali , Riwari Vimi , Zangmo Rinchen , Meena Jyoti , Das Anamika , Kashyap Deepika , Minz Archana
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of local infiltration of anesthetic to the vaginal vault on postoperative pain after total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-center, randomized trial. Women assigned to laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group (n = 30), the vaginal cuff was infiltrated with 10 ml of bupivacaine, whereas the control group (n = 30) did not receive local anesthetic infiltration to vaginal vault. The primary outcome measure was to analyze the efficacy of bupivacaine infiltration in the study group by comparing the postoperative pain in both the groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h using pain visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary outcome was to measure the need for rescue opioid analgesia.

Results:

Group I (intervention group) had lesser mean VAS score at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24 h compared to Group II (control group). There was an additional requirement of opioid analgesia for postoperative pain in Group II than in Group I, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Injection of local anesthetic into the vaginal cuff increased the number of women experiencing only minor pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy and decreased postoperative opioid usage and its side effects. Local anesthesia of the vaginal cuff is safe and feasible.
Reconsideration of Sharp Dissection in Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Tanase* Yasuhito , Shimada Muneaki , Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu
Published: May 2023

In surgical fields, sharp dissection is a basic surgical technique, and the prognosis and oncological outcomes are known to be affected by the technique of dissection. Even in gynecologic surgery, we believe that the basic surgical technique is sharp dissection. We herein present our technique and discuss its significance. Sharp dissection should entail the removal of a single thin line between the residual tissue and the excised tissue. If this line becomes multiple or thicker, it is not sharp dissection but blunt dissection. The accumulation of this thin line of sharp dissection can form surgical layers. What is important is moderate tissue tension and how to use monopolar. One can sharply cut the loose connective tissue assisted by moderate tissue tension. With regard to the use of monopolar, it is essential that it not be applied directly to the tissue, but rather be used with or without touching the tissue. Inadvertent blunt dissection should be minimized, as most surgical procedures can be performed with sharp dissection. We usually perform sharp dissection for open surgery as well as minimally invasive surgery. We obstetricians and gynecologists should reconsider the significance of sharp dissection and practice it in gynecological surgery.
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Laparotomy in the Management of Early-stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Garcia* Nuria Ginjaume , Moreno Cristina Soler , Teixeira Natalia , Lloret Pia Español , Guibourg Rocío Luna , Negre Ramon Rovira
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of minimally invasive surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer (EOC) by comparing the surgical and survival outcomes between laparoscopy and laparotomy.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective, single-center observational study that included all patients who underwent surgical staging for EOC by laparoscopy or laparotomy between 2010 and 2019.

Results:

Forty-nine patients were included; of which 20 underwent laparoscopy, 26 laparotomy, and three conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding operative time, number of lymph nodes dissected, or intraoperative tumor rupture rate, while estimated blood loss and transfusion requirements were lower in the laparoscopy group. The complication rate tended to be higher in the laparotomy group. Patients in the laparoscopy group had a faster recovery, with earlier urinary catheter and abdominal drain removal, shorter hospital stay, and a trend toward earlier tolerance of oral diet and mobilization. At a mean follow-up of 45.7 months, 14 patients had disease recurrence, with no differences in the mean progression-free survival between the two groups (36 months for laparoscopy vs. 35.5 months for laparotomy, P = 0.22).

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic surgery performed by a trained gynecological oncologist is a safe and effective surgical approach for comprehensive staging of EOC, with the additional benefits of a faster recovery compared to laparotomy.
Performance of artificial intelligence in the characterization of colorectal lesions
Authors: Dos Santos Carlos E. O. , Malaman Daniele , Arciniegas Sanmartin Ivan D. , Leão Ari B. S. , Leão Gabriel S. , Pereira-Lima Júlio C.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has been used in the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions through microvasculature analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) mode of the CAD EYE system for the optical diagnosis of colorectal lesions and compare it with the performance of an expert, in addition to evaluating the computer-aided detection (CADe) mode in terms of polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR).

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the performance of CAD EYE using blue light imaging (BLI), dichotomizing lesions into hyperplastic and neoplastic, and of an expert based on the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification for the characterization of lesions. After white light imaging (WLI) diagnosis, magnification was used on all lesions, which were removed and examined histologically. Diagnostic criteria were evaluated, and PDR and ADR were calculated.

Results:

A total of 110 lesions (80 (72.7%) dysplastic lesions and 30 (27.3%) nondysplastic lesions) were evaluated in 52 patients, with a mean lesion size of 4.3 mm. Artificial intelligence (AI) analysis showed 81.8% accuracy, 76.3% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 98.5% positive predictive value (PPV), and 60.4% negative predictive value (NPV). The kappa value was 0.61, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.87. Expert analysis showed 93.6% accuracy, 92.5% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 98.7% PPV, and 82.9% NPV. The kappa value was 0.85, and the AUC was 0.95. Overall, PDR was 67.6% and ADR was 45.9%.

Conclusions:

The CADx mode showed good accuracy in characterizing colorectal lesions, but the expert assessment was superior in almost all diagnostic criteria. PDR and ADR were high.
Comparison of changes in number of hyperreflective dots after intravitreal ranibizumab or dexamethasone implant in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Karalezli Aylin , Kaderli Sema Tamer , Kaderli Ahmet , Kaya Cansu , Sul Sabahattin
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE:

To compare the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or intravitreal dexamethasone implants (IVD) on the regression of hyperreflective dots (HRDs) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Thirty-seven eyes with cystoid macular edema who received IVR or IVD and followed up for at least 12 months were included in this study. The patients were divided into three Groups according to intravitreal treatments. Group 1 consisted of 12 eyes who received only IVD, Group 2 consisted of 10 eyes who received only IVR, and Group 3 consisted of 15 eyes who received both IVD and IVR. The number of HRDs and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the Groups through the follow-up time.

RESULTS:

The mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers was significantly decreased in Group 1 and Group 3 (For Group 1; P < 0.001, P = 0.001, for Group 3; P < 0.001, P < 0.001). At the 1st year, the number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers was significantly lower in Group 1 and Group 3 than Group 2 (All P < 0.05). The BCVA was higher in Group 3 than Group 2 at 1st year (P = 0.048).

CONCLUSION:

The HRDs should be considered inflammatory markers in the follow-up of CME in BRVO.
Представления скрученных линейных рекуррентных последовательностей максимального периода над конечным полем
Authors: Goltvanitsa M A
Published: May 2023

Пусть $p$ - простое число, $R=\mathrm{GF}(q)$ - поле из $q$ элементов, где $q = p^r$,
$S=\mathrm{GF}(q^{n})$ - его расширение степени $n$ и $\check{S}$ - кольцо линейных преобразований векторного пространства $_RS$. Последовательность $v$ над
$S$, удовлетворяющую закону рекурсии
$$ \forall i\in\mathbb{N}_0\colon
v(i+m)= \psi_{m-1}(v(i+m-1))+\ldots+\psi_0(v(i)),\psi_0,\ldots,\psi_{m-1
}\in\check{S},
$$
будем называть скрученной линейной рекуррентной последовательностью над $S$ порядка $m$ с характеристическим многочленом $\Psi(x) = x^m - \sum_{j=0}^{m-1}\psi_jx^j$.
Максимально возможный период последовательности такого вида равен $ q^{mn}-1$. Пусть $v$ - скрученная ЛРП максимального периода над $S$. Далее для произвольного кольца $J$ с единицей $\mathbf{e}$, для которого элемент $q\mathbf{e}$ не является делителем нуля, и отображения $f: S \to J$ при некоторых условиях описан аннулятор последовательности $f(v)$.
Pressure Testing, Hydraulic Pressure as Specified
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification provides requirements and procedures for hydraulic-pressure leak testing of parts.
Brazing, Silver for Use up to 400 °F (204 °C)
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers the engineering requirements for producing brazed joints in parts fabricated from steels, iron alloys, nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, and copper alloys by use of silver alloys, and the properties of such joints.
Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent Dry Method
Authors:   AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers nonfluorescent, magnetic particles having black, red, gray, or other color, as specified, supplied in the form of dry powders.
Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged
Authors:   AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans.
Aluminum Alloy Die Forgings (7050-T74) Solution Heat Treated and Overaged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings up to 6.000 inches (152.40 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness and forging stock of any size (see 8.6).
Aluminum Alloy, Welding Wire 5.0Si - 1.2Cu - 0.50Mg (C355.0)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of welding wire.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate 4.3Cu - 1.4Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2524-T3) Solution Heat Treated and Cold Worked
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.032 to 0.310 inch (0.81 to 7.87 mm), inclusive, in thickness, clad on both sides (see 8.5).
Cabin Crew Rest Facilities
Authors:   S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Published: May 2023

This document provides guidance for in-flight rest facilities provided for use by cabin crew on commercial transport airplane.

This document is applicable to dedicated cabin crew rest facilities with rigid walls. The facility includes a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position, is located in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the crew member to control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.
Minimum General Standards for Oxygen Systems
Authors:   A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Published: May 2023

This standard covers all types of oxygen breathing equipment used in non-military aircraft. It is intended that this standard supplements the requirements of the detail specification or drawings of specific components or assemblies (e.g., regulators, masks, cylinders, etc.). Where a conflict exists between this standard and detail specifications, detail specifications shall take precedence.
Magnetic coffee residue biosorbent for selective extraction of zinc oxide nanoparticles in water samples
Authors: Abdurahman Yasmin , Bekana Deribachew , Temesgen Ayalew , Bussa Negussie , Aschale Minbale , Teju Endale , Amde Meseret
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. Quantification of engineered nanomaterials in the environment has attracted researchers’ interest recently because of their increased release to the environment. In this study, a recyclable and easily accessible magnetized coffee residue (MCR) is proposed for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from water samples. The MCR was synthesized using a simple one-step chemical co-precipitation method from coffee residue and was characterized by state-of-the-art techniques. Various parameters affecting the MSPE efficiency of ZnO-NPs were optimized and 8.5 pH, 75 mg adsorbent, 120 min extraction time, 10 mL sample volume, 4 mL of 0.001 M HCl as an eluting solvent, and 30 min elution time were identified as the optimum conditions. Under these conditions, the method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.995) and good sensitivity (detection limit, 0.12 mg L-1, and quantification limit, 0.4 mg L-1). Intra and inter-day percent standard deviations were 1.4 and 2.2%, respectively, for the analysis of 6 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs. The practical applicability of the method for the extraction of ZnO-NPs in environmental samples was evaluated, and recovery values in the range of 93.0–98.2% were obtained, confirming its successful performance. Generally, the technique is easy, economical, and eco-friendly that can be considered for the extraction of metal oxide nanoparticles.

 

KEY WORDS: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Magnetic coffee residue, Magnetic solid-phase extraction, Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, Environmental waters

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 859-873.                                                        

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.5
Effects Of Lime And Poultry Manure On Soil Properties And Cucumber (Cucumis Sativum L) Performance In The Humid Tropics Of Southern Nigeria
Authors: F Akpan Joyce , C Umunnakwe Okechukwu , I Omadewu Lawrence
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of lime and organic fertilizer on soil properties and the performance of cucumber in Calabar.

Method: Factorial combination of three levels of lime (0, 4 and 8 t/ha) and three levels of poultry manure (0, 3 and 6 t/ha), laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on crop growth and yield indices, and soil properties (physical, chemical and biological) each year, then combined and analyzed. Fisher’s least significant difference (FLSD) at 5 % probability was used to compare the means.

Results: There was increase in soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium as well as the population of beneficial soil microorganisms. Lime, poultry manure (PM) and their interactions significantly (p <.0. 05) influenced the vegetative growth and fruit yield of cucumber. Cucumber treated with 8 t/ha lime had the highest vegetative growth and fruit yield (22.64 t/ha) values. Cucumber treated with 6 t/ha PM had superior growth and fruit yield (17.89 t/ha) than the control (14.27 t/ha). The interaction of 8 t/ha lime and 6 t/ha PM produced the highest values of vegetative growth and fruit yield of 25.66 t/ha and is therefore recommended for effective soil enhancement and optimum cucumber production in Calabar.
Comparative efficacy of some botanical insecticides in the control of eggplant fruit and shoot borer (leucinodes orbonalis guenee)
Authors: Aniekan Owen Enameti , Augustine Akpan Edna , Asukwo Udo Idorenyin
Published: May 2023

An Experiment was conducted from December, 2021 to April, 2022 in an open field of the Teaching and Research Farm of Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campused to evaluate the efficacy of botanical insecticides in the control of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenne), Four week-old eggplant seedlings (ARJANI FI) were transplanted to bags filled with 30kg top soil, each. There were nine insecticide treatments (T0 = Control (No insecticide), T1 = Scent leaf extract (SLE 10% w/v), T2 = Pawpaw leaf extract (PLE 10% w/v), T3 = Neem leaf extract (NLE 5% w/v), T4 = Neem oil (N.O 3% v/v), T5 = Neem oil (N.O 5% v/v), T6 = Garlic bulb extract (GBE 3% v/v), T7 = Emamectin Benzoate (EB 1.33g/L) and T8 = Neemsol (0.2% v/v).  Plants were sprayed three times: four weeks after transplanting (4WAT), 6WAT and 8WAT.  The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design.  Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared at 5% probability level using Student-Newman-Keuls Test. The results obtained showed that the insecticide treated plants significantly (P< 0.05) had lower percentage of fruit and shoot infestation by EFSB relative to the untreated plants.  The unsprayed plant significantly (P< 0.05) had the highest percentage of Fruit infestation by both number and weight basis. Fruits from the untreated plants had significantly (P< 0.05) more number of bored holes and larvae than the insecticide treated plants. Among the insecticide treatments, EB and N.O 5% had plants with significantly lower shoot infestation (10.42 and 12.50%), fruit infestation by weight (17.07 and 25.60%), number of larvae/fruit (0.33 and 1.00), respectively.  The botanicals tested in this work could be incorporated into integrated pest management programme of eggplant fruit and shoot borer. Therefore, Emamectin Benzoate was observed to be the best and hence recommended treatment based on parameters measured.
Bioaccummulation and health risk assessment of some potentially toxic elements in crops from farms round granite quarry sites in ibadan southwestern nigeria
Authors: O Akintola O , O Akinola O , Smart M , M Jayeoba F , R Falana A
Published: May 2023

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in food crops have significant apprehension in the environment because of their impending human health risks. This study thus assessed PTEs concentrations in soils and crops from farmlands around quarry sites, quantifies their level of uptake by the crops and their potential health risks to human. Collection of Soil and crop (Dioscorea alata, Colocasia esculenta and Manihot esculenta ) samples were done and analysed for Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni and Cd using suitable instrumentation methods Data were evaluated using accumulation factor (AF), calculated daily intakes (CDI), target hazard quotent (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Farmlands soils that are closer to studied sites had higher PTEs concentrations than those that are farther away. Mean PTEs concentrations in the crops were in the order of Dioscorea alata > Colocasia esculenta > Manihot esculenta. Mean values of AF are less than one indicating low potential PTEs accumulation in the crops. The mean CDI in mg/kg/day of PTEs in crops for children and adults were 0.0001 -0.060 while THQ values are in order Pb> Mn>Cu> Cd>Ni> Co>Fe >Zn>Cr. Hazard index (HI) is greater than one in all the crops from the farmlands closer to quarry sites, indicating risk upon consumption. Thus, necessary remediation methods should be taken to reduce the effect of these PTEs on the environment.
Hybrid learning environments for professional development in teacher education: university of calabar, nigeria as a case study
Authors: Abigail Edem Okon
Published: May 2023

The influence of hybrid learning environments on professional development in teacher education was the focus of this paper.  It also examined how professionalism in teaching relates with reflective teaching.  In this paper, hybrid learning environments was defined as educational model that utilizes the benefits of both on-line and on-campus learning.   All the lecturers (742) and students (2,046) of the three Faculties of Education, University of Calabar constituted the population of the study (2,788) from where a sample size of 500 (140 lecturers and 360 students) was selected.  Multiple sampling methods were adopted in selecting the sample, including stratified, simple random and purposive sampling methods.  A 15-item researcher made questionnaire was used to elicit data from respondents.  It was a survey research study and descriptive statistics (frequency counts, weighted means, standard deviation and percentages were adopted for data analysis.   A mean score of 2.00 formed the significant/acceptance level.  It was found that hybrid learning environments are models of professional development in teacher education especially in the post COVID-19 pandemic.   It also found that professionalism in teaching relates positively with reflective teaching.  It was recommended that more learning and teaching opportunities should be created by universities and colleges for flexibility in instructional options and that continual deepening of knowledge and skills should be encouraged.
Enhancement of oxidative stress, oxidative dna damage and lowered pefr in gasoline station attendants in calabar metropolis
Authors: R E Eworo , C A Nsonwu Anyanwu , C A Usoro , C Thomas , U A Fabian , D D Johnson , C A O Usoro
Published: May 2023

Exposure to gasoline fumes through inhalation or accidental ingestion has been associated with chronic inflammatory reactions leading to oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and increased risk of chronic lung conditions and cancer. This study assessed the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP), oxidative stress index (OSI)), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), 1-hydroxypyrene and urine creatinine in Gasoline Station Attendants. A total of 100 consenting adults, aged 18-60 years, comprising 50 gasoline station attendants and 50 non-gasoline station attendants (controls) were enrolled into this comparative cross-sectional study. The PEFR was determined using the peak flow meter, TAC, TPP and creatinine by colorimetry, 8-OHdG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) by high performance liquid chromatography and OSI by calculation. Data was analysed using unpaired Student t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis at p<0.05.

The body mass index, TPP, OSI and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher and TAC and PEFR lower in gasoline pump attendants compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between TPP and years at work (r=0.638, p=0.000), between TPP and OSI (r=0.282, p=0.047) and negative correlation between TAC and OSI (r=-0.555, p=0.000) only in gasoline station attendants. Exposure to gasoline is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, reduced lung function and depletion of antioxidants which may result in oxidative stress and increased risk for the development of chronic lung conditions in gasoline station attendants.
Assessment of airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Eghomwanre A. F. , Oguntoke O. , Taiwo A. M. , Sam-Wobo S. O. , Enagbonma B. J.
Published: May 2023

Exposure to bioaerosols poses significant health risks to occupants of buildings, especially in tropical areas due to its climatic characteristics that favour airborne bacterial growth. This study investigated the levels and composition of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin Metropolis. Air samples were collected from forty-five randomly selected houses across the five local government areas in Benin City using the passive sampling technique. The culture-dependent 16S rRNA gene technique was utilized in theidentification of the bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of the indoor and 3 3 outdoor total bacteria varied from 476.1 to 939.3 CFU/m3 and 181.1 to 373.2 CFU/m3 in the wet season, 335.0 3 3 to 457.2 CFU/m3 and 387.2 to 627.8 CFU/m3 in the dry season, respectively. The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria varied significantly (P=0.001) during the wet and dry seasons. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool homology showed that the 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates were related to Proteus mirabilis, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Enterobacter sichuanensis. The bacterial communities identified are associated with humans and other outdoor environmental media and could lead to critical health outcomes among exposed vulnerable occupants of the buildings. This study, therefore, provides a database for airborne bacteria in residential houses in the study area and could assist in the implementation of effective interventions that reduce the risks and provide a safe environment.
A comparative aquifer vulnerability study of the Quaternary Sombreiro – Warri Deltaic plain deposits, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Aweto K. E , Ohwoghere-Asuma O. , Omeru T.
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the effect of two parameters, resistivity and hydraulic conductivity of the vadose zone, and their reliability in assessing aquifer vulnerability. Hence, the vulnerability of the aquifers within the Quaternary – Sombreiro Deltaic deposits to contamination was assessed using two models: longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance. The results from the simulation of the models show four vulnerability zones indicated by the longitudinal conductance model, while the hydraulic resistance model revealed five zones. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that thickness, lithology, and the interactions of the two variables have a significant effect on the two models. The longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance models show a closer coincidence of vulnerability in 72% of the study area. The differences in results and delimitations of varying vulnerability zones by the two models depend primarily on the two parameters employed in estimating the vulnerability, with the vadose layer's hydraulic conductivity imposing remarkable influence on the general vulnerability of the study area.
Does intervention in African indigenous vegetables value chain improve production and welfare outcomes? Evidence from western Kenya
Authors: Odendo Martins , Ndinya Christine , Onyango Eunice , Wanyama Japheter , Akollo Samuel , Makete Noel , Kweyu Suleiman
Published: May 2023

African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) are increasingly recognized as essential for sustainable dietary diversification in the predominantly cereal-based  staple diets. The AIVs also provide employment opportunities and generate income for the rural populations. Many initiatives by researchers and  development agencies have promoted the AIVs value chains in Kenya. However, little evidence exists on impact of the initiatives on farm households.  Several studies have examined impact of agricultural interventions based on observational data. The findings from such studies are likely to be  influenced by unobserved attributes, resulting in a biased estimation of causal relationships between interventions and impacts. We conducted a  clusterrandomized controlled trial to estimate the unbiased impacts of a multifaceted intervention that focused on production, consumption nutrition  behavior change communication, and linking farmers to markets in selected AIV value chains (cowpea, spider plant, amaranth, nightshade, and slender  leaf) in western Kenya. Using two waves of household panel data (2018 and 2021), we evaluated the impacts of the intervention on land area allocation to  AIVs, total leaf production, AIVs income, and household dietary diversity Score (HDDS). The empirical estimation using descriptive statistics and  analysis of covariance revealed that households that were exposed to the intervention significantly increased land area under AIVs by 38% (p < 0.01) and  total leaf production by 46% (p < 0.05). At end line, the spider plant had the highest percentage increase (60%) in land area compared to the control  group. However, there is no evidence of whether or not the intervention had an impact on AIVs income and HDDS. The study concludes that the  hypothesis that the intervention was to have significant impact on AIV production, nutrition security and income had mixed results. We recommend that  similar interventions include components to integrate the capacity of households to adapt to risks such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change.  Further cost-benefit analysis is required for informed resource allocation. Designing and implementing policies that promote household access to input  and output markets are likely to improve the performance of the AIV value chains and contribute to income and nutrition.
Effect of overexpression of Rac1 on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Liao Kai , Zheng Ronghui , Feng Jianhui , Liu Hui , Xie Guofeng
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To study the effect of overexpression of Rac1 on the radiosensitivity of transplanted nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mice, and the mechanism involved.

Methods: Forty Lucky SPF-grade male thymus-free nude mice were used. Mice were divided into 4 groups: overexpression control, overexpression Rac1, Rac1 inhibition, and inhibition control groups, each with 10 mice. The prepared cell lines were treated with 6 MV x-ray. Before and after radiation, the growth of tumors in each group was monitored. Histomorphological images of nude mice tumors were obtained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Protein expressions of p67, P47, and Rac1 were evaluated bu Western blotting.

Results: Transplanted tumor growth slowed down after 20 days. Growth rate was significantly higher in Rac1 and Rac1 overexpression groups than in overexpression and inhibition control groups (p < 0.05). Overexpression of Rac1 resulted in more cell necrosis, incomplete cellular structure, severe nuclear fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, and cytotoxic red staining in endoscopic tumor tissues (p < 0.05). There were significantly lower expression levels of p67, P47, and Rac1 in Rac1 invasion group than in invasion control and overexpression control groups, while the expression levels of p67 and P47 were significantly higher in overexpression Rac1 group and IR overexpression Rac1 group than in inhibition control (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of p67 and P47 were significantly higher in overexpression Rac1 and IR overexpression Rac1 groups than in inhibition control mice.

Conclusion: Rac1 increases the radiosensitivity of NPC xenografts in nude mice via a mechanism related to the regulation of expressions of proteins associated with Rac1/NADPH signaling pathway. Thus, Rac1 is potentially a new target for radio-sensitization of NPC.
Significance of the determination of DNA load of drug-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae and 23sRNA gene mutation locus in children
Authors: Zhu Meijun , Song Lei , Ji Juhua , Zhao Jinhua , Hong Fei , Yan Yongdong
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To determine the significance of the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA load and 23sRNA gene mutation locus in children with drug-resistant MP pneumonia.

Methods: A total of 158 children with MP pneumonia received drug sensitivity tests. The patients were divided into resistance group and non-resistance group. The MP-DNA load index (MPLI) and mutation rate of 23sRNA gene at 2063 locus were assessed and compared between the two groups: the MPLI-negative group and the MPLI-positive group, based on whether MPLI was greater than 6.12. The association of MPLI of all the patients and the 23sRNA gene mutation at 2063 locus in the resistance group, as well as clinical indicators were analyzed.

Results: The MPLI of the resistance group was lower than that of the non-resistance group. In the MPLI-positive group, the duration of disease, defervescence time, disappearance time of cough and expectoration, disappearance time of chest opacity, and length of stay were all longer than those of the MPLI-negative group, while the proportion of cases with extrapulmonary complications and the white blood cell (WBC) count were higher than those of the MPLI-negative group. The mutation rate of 23sRNA gene at 2063 locus in the resistance group was higher than that in non-resistance group (p < 0.05). The defervescence time, disappearance time of cough and expectoration, disappearance time of chest opacity and length of stay were longer in the mutation-positive group than those in the mutation-negative group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The mutation rate of 23sRNA gene at 2063 locus is higher in children with drug-resistant MP pneumonia. Furthermore, low MPLI and 23sRNA gene mutations at 2063 locus are associated with the duration of disease, disappearance time of clinical symptoms and other clinical indicators.
Effect of treatment with benzathine penicillin combined with ceftriaxone in elderly patients with latent syphilis
Authors: Yuan Chunrong , Ding Zonghuang , Qin Ping
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the combination of benzathine penicillin and ceftriaxone in the treatment of latent syphilis in the elderly.

Methods: A total of 70 elderly patients with latent syphilis treated in the First People’s Hospital of Yichang from March 2020 to March 2021 were enrolled in this study. Control group (CG) comprised thirty-two patients treated with benzathine penicillin, while 38 patients received the combination of benzathine penicillin and ceftriaxone were placed in the study group (SG). Therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions in both groups were assessed. The difference in toludine red unheated serum test (TRUST) negative conversion rate at different periods of treatment (3, 6, and 12 months) after treatment was observed. Dermatological quality of life index (DLQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were also determined before and after treatment.

Results: Total efficacy in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between both groups (p > 0.05). The TRUST negative conversion rate at 6 and 12 months in SG was higher than that in CG (p < 0.05), while DLQI, SAS and SDS scores in SG were significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Treatment of elderly patients with latent syphilis with the combination of benzathine penicillin and ceftriaxone effectively controls the disease and improves patients’ negative emotions and quality of life with few adverse drug reactions. Further clinical trials are required prior to application in clinical practice.