bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Profile in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Ishimwe Jeanne A. , Breier Nicholas , Saleem Mohammad , Kastner Paul D. , Kirabo Annet , Shibao Cyndya A.
Published: June 2022

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a devastating chronic form of orthostatic intolerance associated with excessive heart rate increase without hypotension during upright posture. POTS patients exhibit increased circulating norepinephrine levels with exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response upon standing. Emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in cardiovascular disorders. However, the etiology of POTS and whether the gut microbiome plays a role are not fully elucidated. We assessed whether the gut microbiome and fecal short-chain fatty acids were different in POTS patients (N = 25) compared to healthy control (N = 23) women. Patients underwent hemodynamic measurements while supine and upon standing. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using shotgun sequencing and Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and dietary habits were measured with a fitness application. We found that POTS patients in the standing position had higher circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine levels and increased heart rate. There were no differences in diet composition between groups. Of note dietary salt intake was also similar despite the fact that these patients are advised to consume a high salt diet. Alpha and beta diversity were similar between groups. We observed no differences in bacteria at the phylum levels or Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. We found no significant differences at the genus level, but observed trends in certain bacteria. Lachnoclostridium genus were higher in POTS when compared to the control group. On the other hand, Coprococcus and Coprobacter, were lower in POTS patients compared to controls. Although our KEGG metabolic pathways indicated differences related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), we found that both POTS patients and healthy controls had similar levels of SCFAs. These results suggest POTs per se may have limited effects on gut microbiota composition and derived SCFAs. Further studies are needed to assess the role of the alterations observed at the genus level.
From the Field to the Lab: Physiological and Behavioural Consequences of Environmental Salinity in a Coastal Frog
Authors: Lorrain-Soligon Léa , Bichet Coraline , Robin Frédéric , Brischoux François
Published: June 2022

Environmental salinization is recognized as a global threat affecting biodiversity, particularly in coastal ecosystems (affected by sea level rise and increased frequency and severity of storms), and the consequent osmoregulatory challenges can negatively affect wildlife. In order to assess whether coastal species can respond to changes in environmental salinity, it remains essential to investigate the consequences of exposure to salinity in an environmentally-relevant context. In this study, we assessed the consequences of exposure to environmental salinity in coastal frogs (Pelophylaxsp., N = 156) both in the field and experimentally, using a comprehensive combination of markers of physiology, behaviour and ecology. Exposure to salinity in the field negatively affected physiological parameters (osmolality, monocytes and eosinophils counts), as well as body condition and locomotor performance, and influenced size- and sex-specific habitat selection. Further, we demonstrated in a controlled experiment that short-term exposure to salinity strongly affected physiological parameters (salt influxes, water effluxes, immunity-related stress markers) and locomotor performance. Most of these effects were transient (water and salt fluxes, locomotor performance) once optimal conditions resumed (i.e., freshwater). Taken together, our results highlight the need to investigate whether exposure to environmental salinity can ultimately affect individual fitness and population persistence across taxa.
Identification and Characterization of Regulatory Pathways Controlling Dormancy Under Lower Temperature in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Liu Jingfu , Wang Tiemei , Weng Yinyin , Liu Bei , Gao Qiu , Ji Wei , Wang Zhuanling , Wang Yingwei , Ma Xiqing
Published: June 2022

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a kind of high-quality perennial legume forage, is widely distributed in the northern regions of China. In recent years, low temperatures have frequently occurred and limited alfalfa productivity and survival in early spring and late fall. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of alfalfa response to cold tolerance are not well-documented. In this study, dormancy and non-dormancy alfalfa standard varieties were characterized under low-temperature stress. Our analysis revealed that plant height of the dormancy genotype was strongly inhibited by low temperature; flavonoids content, and higher expression of flavonoids biosynthesis genes (chalcone synthase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase) may play essential roles in response to low-temperature stress in dormancy genotype alfalfa. Further analyses revealed that receptor-like kinase family genes (such as cysteine-rich RLK10, lectin protein kinase, and S-locus glycoprotein like kinase), RNA and protein synthesis genes (RNA polymerases, ribosomal protein, and protein phosphatase 2C family protein), and proteasome degradation pathway genes (such as F-box family protein, RING/U-box superfamily protein, and zinc finger family protein) also highly upregulated and contributed to cold tolerance phenotype in dormancy genotype alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies for cold tolerance in alfalfa and offer new target genes for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of alfalfa.
Drought Stress Mitigating Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cultivars
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Bokhari Syeda Anum Masood , Fatima Bilquees , Rashid Bushra , Nadeem Faisal , Sarwar Muhammad Bilal , Nawaz-ul-Rehman Muhammad Shah , Shahid Muhammad , Ayub Chaudhary Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Guava (Psidium guajavaL.), a major fruit crop of the sub-tropical region, is facing a production decline due to drought stress. Morphophysiological responses to drought stress and underlying transcriptional regulations in guava are, largely, unknown. This study evaluated the drought stress tolerance of two guava cultivars,viz. “Gola” and “Surahi,” at morphological and physiological levels regulated differentially by ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags). The treatments comprises three moisture regimes,viz. To= 100% (control), T1= 75%, and T2= 50% of field capacity. There was an overall decrease in both morphological and physiological attributes of studied guava cultivars in response to drought stress. Nonetheless, the water use efficiency of the “Surahi” cultivar increased (41.86%) speculating its higher drought tolerance based on enhanced peroxidase (402%) and catalase (170.21%) activities under 50% field capacity (T2). Moreover, higher proline and flavonoid contents reinforced drought stress retaliation of the “Surahi” cultivar. The differential expression of a significant number of ESTs in “Surahi” (234) as compared to “Gola” (117) cultivar, somehow, regulated its cellular, biological, and molecular functions to strengthen morphophysiological attributes against drought stress as indicated by the upregulation of ESTs related to peroxidase, sucrose synthase (SUS), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and ubiquitin at morphological, biochemical, and physiological levels. In conclusion, the drought stress acclimation of pear-shaped guava cultivar “Surahi” is due to the increased activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) complimented by the upregulation of related ESTs.
Identification of Twelve Different Mineral Deficiencies in Hydroponically Grown Sunflower Plants on the Basis of Short Measurements of the Fluorescence and P700 Oxidation/Reduction Kinetics
Authors: Schansker Gert , Ohnishi Miho , Furutani Riu , Miyake Chikahiro
Published: June 2022

The photosynthetic electron transport chain is mineral rich. Specific mineral deficiencies can modify the electron transport chain specifically. Here, it is shown that on the basis of 2 short Chl fluorescence and P700+ measurements (approx. 1 s each), it is possible to discriminate between 10 out of 12 different mineral deficiencies: B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, and Zn. B- and Mo-deficient plants require somewhat longer measurements to detect the feedback inhibition they induce. Eight out of twelve deficiencies mainly affect PS I and NIR measurements are, therefore, very important for this analysis. In Cu- and P-deficient plants, electron flow from the plastoquinone pool to PS I, is affected. In the case of Cu-deficiency due to the loss of plastocyanin and in the case of P-deficiency probably due to a fast and strong generation of Photosynthetic Control. For several Ca-, K-, and Zn-deficient plant species, higher levels of reactive oxygen species have been measured in the literature. Here, it is shown that this not only leads to a loss of Pm (maximum P700 redox change) reflecting a lower PS I content, but also to much faster P700+ re-reduction kinetics during the I2-P (~30–200 ms) fluorescence rise phase. The different mineral deficiencies affect the relation between the I2-P and P700+ kinetics in different ways and this is used to discuss the nature of the relationship between these two parameters.
Partial Substation of Organic Fertilizer With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Biochemical Attributes, Rice Yields, and Restores Bacterial Community Diversity in a Paddy Field
Authors: Iqbal Anas , He Liang , Ali Izhar , Yuan Pengli , Khan Abdullah , Hua Zhang , Wei Shanqing , Jiang Ligeng
Published: June 2022

Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely affect soil quality, crop production and the environment. One of the major current challenges of current agriculture is finding ways to increase soil health and crop yield sustainably. Manure application as a substitute for CF is an alternative fertilization strategy for maintaining soil health and biodiversity. However, little is known about the complex response of soil bacterial communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs application. This study reports the response of soil nutrients, rice yield, and soil microbial community structure to 2 years of continuous manure and CFs application. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer control (Neg-Con); 100% CF (Pos-Con); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (Low-PM). We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to characterize the soil bacterial communities. Results revealed that the addition of manure significantly altered the soil bacterial community composition and structure; and enhanced the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Organic fertilizer treatments, particularly high CM and PM had the highest measured soil bacterial diversity of all treatments. Similarly, integrated application of manure and CFs increased the soil biochemical traits [i.e., pH, total N (TN), soil organic C (SOC), microbial biomass N (MBN), and microbial biomass C (MBC)] and rice grain yield. Average increases in SOC, TN, MBN, and MBC were 43.66, 31.57, 24.34, and 49.45%, respectively, over the years in the High-PM compared with Pos-Con. Redundancy analysis showed that the dominant bacteria phyla were correlated with soil pH, SOC, TN, and microbial biomass, but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was strongly correlated with environmental factors such as soil pH, SOC, TN, and MBC. We employed a structural equation model to examine the relationship between microbial biomass, soil nutrients and grain yield among treatments. This analysis supported the hypothesis that soil nutrient content and availability directly affect rice grain yield while soil bacteria indirectly affect grain yield through microbial biomass production and nutrient levels. Overall, the findings of this research suggest that the integrated application of CF and manure is a better approach for improving soil health and rice yield.
There Is No Carbon Transfer Between Scots Pine and Pine Mistletoe but the Assimilation Capacity of the Hemiparasite Is Constrained by Host Water Use Under Dry Conditions
Authors: Wang Ao , Lehmann Marco M. , Rigling Andreas , Gessler Arthur , Saurer Matthias , Du Zhong , Li Mai-He
Published: June 2022

Pine mistletoe is a hemiparasitic shrub that can produce its own photosynthates. There is a lack of knowledge about the interaction of mistletoe and host under varying environmental condition that might influence carbon gain and allocation. In a13C-pulse labeling experiment with maturePinus sylvestris(pine) infected by mistletoes grown in naturally dry or irrigated conditions, (1) mistletoe clusters were shielded from13CO2added, and (2) mistletoes or host needles were removed to manipulate the local assimilate and water availability. No13C signal was found in shielded mistletoes, indicating no carbon transfer from the host to the mistletoe. When the pine needles were removed from girdled branches, no13C signal was found in the host tissues, implying no carbon transfer from mistletoe to the host. However, mistletoes on needle-removed pine trees accumulated more labeled assimilates and had higher non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations only under naturally dry conditions but not in irrigated plots. Our results suggest that mistletoes show full carbon autonomy, as they neither receive carbon from nor provide carbon resource to the host trees. Moreover, the high assimilation capacity of mistletoes seems to be constrained by the host water use under dry conditions, suggesting that drought stress is not only negatively impacting trees but also mistletoes. Therefore, we conclude that the hemiparasites live on their own in terms of carbon gain which, however, depends on the water provided by the host tree.
Association Studies and Genomic Prediction for Genetic Improvements in Agriculture
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Qin , Jensen Just
Published: June 2022

To feed the fast growing global population with sufficient food using limited global resources, it is urgent to develop and utilize cutting-edge technologies and improve efficiency of agricultural production. In this review, we specifically introduce the concepts, theories, methods, applications and future implications of association studies and predicting unknown genetic value or future phenotypic events using genomics in the area of breeding in agriculture. Genome wide association studies can identify the quantitative genetic loci associated with phenotypes of importance in agriculture, while genomic prediction utilizes individual genetic value to rank selection candidates to improve the next generation of plants or animals. These technologies and methods have improved the efficiency of genetic improvement programs for agricultural production via elite animal breeds and plant varieties. With the development of new data acquisition technologies, there will be more and more data collected from high-through-put technologies to assist agricultural breeding. It will be crucial to extract useful information among these large amounts of data and to face this challenge, more efficient algorithms need to be developed and utilized for analyzing these data. Such development will require knowledge from multiple disciplines of research.
Effects of Strigolactone on Torreya grandis Gene Expression and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Simulated Nitrogen Deposition
Authors: Yu Chenliang , Wang Qi , Zhang Shouke , Zeng Hao , Chen Weijie , Chen Wenchao , Lou Heqiang , Yu Weiwu , Wu Jiasheng
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen enters the terrestrial ecosystem through deposition. High nitrogen levels can affect physical and chemical properties of soil and inhibit normal growth and reproduction of forest plants. Nitrogen modulates the composition of soil microorganisms. Strigolactones inhibits plant branching, promotes root growth, nutrient absorption, and promotes arbuscular fungal mycelia branching. Plants are subjected to increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relationship between strigolactone and nitrogen deposition of plants and abundance of soil microorganisms. In the present study, the effects of strigolactone on genetic responses and soil microorganisms of Torreya grandis, under simulated nitrogen deposition were explored using high-throughput sequencing techniques. T. grandis is a subtropical economic tree species in China. A total of 4,008 differentially expressed genes were identified in additional N deposition and GR24 treatment. These genes were associated with multiple GO terms and metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis showed that several DEGs were associated with enrichment of the transporter activity term. Both additional nitrogen deposition and GR24 treatment modulated the content of nutrient elements. The content of K reduced in leaves after additional N deposition treatment. The content of P increased in leaves after GR24 treatment. A total of 20 families and 29 DEGs associated with transporters were identified. These transporters may be regulated by transcription factors. A total of 1,402,819 clean reads and 1,778 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated through Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. Random forest classification revealed that Legionella, Lacunisphaera, Klebsiella, Bryobacter, and Janthinobacterium were significantly enriched in the soil in the additional N deposition group and the GR24 treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis showed significant differences in composition of soil microbial community under different treatments. These results indicate a relationship between N deposition and strigolactones effect. The results provide new insights on the role of strigolactones in plants and composition of soil microorganisms under nitrogen deposition.
High-Resolution Mapping of Barley mild mosaic virus Resistance Gene rym15
Authors: Wang Yaping , Habekuß Antje , Jayakodi Murukarthick , Mascher Martin , Snowdon Rod J. , Stahl Andreas , Fuß Janina , Ordon Frank , Perovic Dragan
Published: June 2022

Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), which are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis, cause high yield losses in barley. In previous studies, the recessive BaMMV resistance gene rym15, derived from the Japanese landrace Chikurin Ibaraki 1, was mapped on chromosome 6HS of Hordeum vulgare. In this study, 423 F4 segmental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from crosses of Chikurin Ibaraki 1 with two BaMMV-susceptible cultivars, Igri (139 RILs) and Uschi (284 RILs). A set of 32 competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays, designed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the barley 50 K Illumina Infinium iSelect SNP chip, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), was used as a backbone for construction of two high-resolution maps. Using this approach, the target locus was narrowed down to 0.161 cM and 0.036 cM in the Igri × Chikurin Ibaraki 1 (I × C) and Chikurin Ibaraki 1 × Uschi (C × U) populations, respectively. Corresponding physical intervals of 11.3 Mbp and 0.281 Mbp were calculated for I × C and C × U, respectively, according to the Morex v3 genome sequence. In the 0.281 Mbp target region, six high confidence (HC) and two low confidence (LC) genes were identified. Genome assemblies of BaMMV-susceptible cultivars Igri and Golden Promise from the barley pan-genome, and a HiFi assembly of Chikurin Ibaraki 1 together with re-sequencing data for the six HC and two LC genes in susceptible parental cultivar Uschi revealed functional SNPs between resistant and susceptible genotypes only in two of the HC genes. These SNPs are the most promising candidates for the development of functional markers and the two genes represent promising candidates for functional analysis.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the LpSAPK Family Genes in Perennial Ryegrass Highlight LpSAPK9 as an Active Regulator of Drought Stress
Authors: Xing Jing , Zhao Ruijie , Zhang Qing , Huang Xinru , Yin Tingchao , Zhang Jing , Xu Bin
Published: June 2022

SAPK/SnRK2 family genes play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the LpSAPK genes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that there are 10 LpSAPKs in perennial ryegrass that could be classified into three groups with similar genic (exon–intron) structures to their orthologous genes in Arabidopsis and other grass species. Ka/Ks analysis suggested that the LpSAPKs and their orthologs were under purifying selection to maintain their conserved function during evolution. Nine out of ten LpSAPKs were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus with the exception of LpSAPK5 which was only observed in the cytoplasm. Most LpSAPKs were responsive to various abiotic stress and hormonal (ABA, cytokinin, and ethylene) treatments but were downregulated in leaves and upregulated in roots, suggesting that there were unknown cis elements in promoters of these genes or unidentified post-transcriptional mechanism responsible for the tissue-dependent stress-regulated expression of these LpSAPKs. Furthermore, LpSAPK9 was identified as a candidate positive regulator in drought tolerance using a yeast ectopic expression system, and LpSAPK9 showed contrasting expression changes in drought-sensitive and -tolerant ryegrass varieties, suggesting that expression levels of LpSAPK9 were related to ryegrass drought tolerance. These results will facilitate further functional analysis of LpSAPKs for molecular breeding of ryegrass and other related grass species.
Effects of Light Spectra on Morphology, Gaseous Exchange, and Antioxidant Capacity of Industrial Hemp
Authors: Cheng Xia , Wang Rong , Liu Xingzhu , Zhou Lijuan , Dong Minghua , Rehman Muzammal , Fahad Shah , Liu Lijun , Deng Gang
Published: June 2022

One of the most important growth factors in cannabis cultivation is light which plays a big role in its successful growth. However, understanding that how light controls the industrial hemp growth and development is poor and needs advanced research. Therefore, a pot study was conducted to investigate the effects of different colors of light, that is, white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and 50% red with 50% blue mix light (RBL) on morphology, gaseous exchange and antioxidant capacity of industrial hemp. Compared with WL, BL significantly increase hemp growth in terms of shoot fresh biomass (15.1%), shoot dry biomass (27.0%), number of leaves per plant (13.7%), stem diameter (10.2%), root length (6.8%) and chlorophyll content (7.4%). In addition, BL promoted net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, while reduces the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. However, RL and RBL significantly reduced the plant biomass, gas exchange parameters with enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities. Thus, blue light is useful for large-scale sustainable production of industrial hemp.
A Practical Framework for Value Creation in Health Information Systems From an Ecosystem Perspective: Evaluated in the South African Context
Authors: Hlongwane Sanelisiwe , Grobbelaar Sara S.
Published: June 2022

Performance improvement in any field depends on establishing goals that align the interests of relevant stakeholders, which may be defined as creating value for stakeholders. In the healthcare context, the concept of value creation and its analysis from an ecosystem perspective has been neglected and is hard to achieve in practice. This research adopts an innovation ecosystem perspective to develop and evaluate a practical framework to guide value creation for healthcare settings in a developing country context. The resulting framework serves as a tool that can guide stakeholders to co-create value by defining the inputs, activities, and outputs/outcomes to enable the process of value co-creation through a heath information system. Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) was followed to develop the framework (artifact); it entailed the evaluation of the preliminary framework through a range of cycles. A relevance cycle was completed through a literature review. Since the investigation was done from an ecosystem perspective, it provided an understanding of the core characteristics of ecosystems, information systems, and value to inform the development of a preliminary framework. The preliminary framework was evaluated through two design cycles: the first was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with six industry experts, and the second comprised a framework ranking exercise. The observations from the two stages informed the modification and refinement of framework items. The evaluated framework provides practical and actionable elements of a value creation system based on three canvasses: (1) the pre-use canvas defines the healthcare system and its stakeholders; (2) the tool guideline provides an overview of the development of ecosystem canvas elements; and (3) the ecosystem canvas represents the process of value creation along with a conceptual canvas with descriptions or implications of each of the framework’s concepts.
Police Officers’ Interrogation Expertise and Major Objectives in Police Service and Training: A Comprehensive Overview of the Literature
Authors: Thielgen Markus M. , Schade Stefan , Niegisch Patrick
Published: June 2022

Interrogation is a core task of practical police work. The outcomes of interrogation often provide crucial evidence for solving criminal cases. The success of interrogation depends on interactions between police officers and citizens. Based on a comprehensive literature overview, we propose a three-factor typology for interrogations by police officers. First, thecompetenciesof police officers refer to the application of personal, professional, social, and methodological capabilities. The underlyingconceptof interrogation refers to the application of both explicit and implicit experience-based interrogation models.Communicationrefers to the goal-directed application of communication tactics and techniques. According to this typology, we discuss the major objectives of police interrogation in police service and training from police officers’ perspectives. The present study provides guidance for practical police services and training by offering an evidence-based interrogation standard.
Navigating in the Gray Area of Coach-Athlete Relationships in Sports: Toward an In-depth Analysis of the Dynamics of Athlete Maltreatment Experiences
Authors: Marsollier Élise , Hauw Denis
Published: June 2022

Several studies have revealed the abusive behaviors directed against athletes in various sports contexts, but knowledge about the processes by which the athletes realize and accept or reject maltreatment is underdeveloped. Thus, it is difficult to establish a solid scientific basis for characterizing the mechanisms of maltreatment from the athletes' perspective regarding the forms of maltreatment they endure and the impact on their performance and wellbeing. The main goals of this paper are to show how the enactive approach (including theoretical assumptions and methodological standards) can meet these challenges, as it is well-suited to (a) describe the evolving interactions between athletes and the sports situations that lead to maltreatment (i.e., navigating in the gray area of coach-athlete relationships), (b) identify those alert landmarks that help us assess the level of risk of athlete maltreatment, and (c) provide concrete guidelines to prevent and deal with sports-related maltreatment. We illustrate our approach by a case study that examines the experience of a retired high-level boxer who faced several forms of maltreatment. Our results reveal a dynamic change in the interactions between the boxer and the maltreatment situations that led her through (a) Acceptance (i.e., future-oriented positive involvement), (b) Regulation attempt (i.e., negative feelings about weight loss, exhaustion and loneliness, questioning the compromise between performance and health, acceptance and loneliness), (c) Distancing (i.e., reopening to others) and (d) Rejection (i.e., rebellion and the decision to stand up to her coach and leave). Based on our results, we present concrete guidelines to prevent and address sports-related maltreatment, with four progressive alert landmarks that help situate the athlete in the gray area of coach-athlete relationships and suggest a “timeline” of maltreatment escalation with key warnings.
Models of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Contemporary Assessment and an Introduction to EMBARK, a Transdiagnostic, Trans-Drug Model
Authors: Brennan William , Belser Alexander B.
Published: June 2022

The current standard of care in most uses of psychedelic medicines for the treatment of psychiatric indications includes the provision of a supportive therapeutic context before, during, and after drug administration. A diversity of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) models has been created to meet this need. The current article briefly reviews the strengths and limitations of these models, which are divided into basic support models and EBT-inclusive therapy models. It then discusses several shortcomings both types of models share, including a lack of adequate attention to embodied and relational elements of treatment, and insufficient attention to ethical concerns. The article then introduces the EMBARK model, a transdiagnostic, trans-drug framework for the provision of supportive psychotherapy in PAP clinical trials and the training of study therapists. EMBARK was designed to overcome challenges that prior models have had in conceptualizing therapeutic change in psychedelic treatment, incorporating elements of non-psychedelic evidence-based therapies, incorporating therapists’ prior skills and clinical orientations, delimiting therapist interventions for research standardization, and determining specific factors that contribute to treatment outcomes. The article explains EMBARK’s six clinical domains, which represent parallel conceptualizations of how therapists may support therapeutic benefit in PAP treatment, and its four care cornerstones, which reflect therapists’ broad ethical responsibility to participants. The article describes how these elements of the model come together to structure and inform therapeutic interventions during preparation, medicine, and integration sessions. Additionally, the article will discuss how EMBARK therapist training is organized and conducted. Finally, it will demonstrate the broad applicability of EMBARK by describing several current and upcoming PAP clinical trials that have adopted it as the therapeutic frame.
Successful Young Athletes Have Low Probability of Being Ranked Among the Best Senior Athletes, but This Is Higher When Compared to Their Less Successful Peers
Authors: Bezuglov Eduard , Emanov Anton , Waśkiewicz Zbigniew , Semeniuk Nadezhda , Butovsky Mikhail , Shoshorina Maria , Baranova Daria , Volodina Kristina , Morgans Ryland
Published: June 2022

Background

Contemporary research has shown that only a small proportion of high achieving young athletes continue to become successful senior athletes. However, there is a lack of empirical literature tracking the success of senior male and female athletes who were considered high achieving as a youth.

Hypothesis

Athletes of both sexes who are successful in youth categories (U18 and U20) are more likely to be successful senior athletes.

Conclusion

Data from 67,600 athletes were collated from the tilastopaja.org platform. The inclusion criteria for both genders were determined by top-100 ranking in the U18 and U20 age groups and progression to the top-100 as a senior athlete. Only 23.5% of successful track and field athletes (ranked in top-100) at U18 became a successful senior athlete, while 35.4% were from the U20 group. Girls ranked in the top-100 U18 and U20 categories are significantly more likely to be ranked in the top-100 as a senior when compared to boys. Although, being ranked in the top-50 at U18 and U20 significantly increases the probability of becoming a successful senior athlete when compared with less successful athletes at these age groups (p < 0.001). Notably, the majority (68.5%) of the most successful senior athletes were not ranked in the top-100 when in the U18 or U20 age groups. Only a small group of track and field athletes that are successful at U18 and U20 become successful at senior level. The most successful track and field youth athletes are significantly more likely to succeed as a senior athlete than their less successful peers, while girls are more likely to be successful than boys.
Temporary Team Performance and Knowledge Hiding: Mediated by Interpersonal Mistrust
Authors: Miao Yurong , Qi Na , Liu E. , Zhai Pengxun
Published: June 2022

Although scholars have acknowledged that knowledge hiding is negatively with team performance, none of the extant research has revealed the relationship between knowledge hiding and the performance of temporary teams. To fill this gap, we will explore whether and how knowledge hiding influences temporary team performance. Following a literature review, the correlation between knowledge hiding, interpersonal distrust, and temporary team performance is explored, and the theoretical model between variables is constructed, along with four hypotheses. Then, a quantitative analysis is conducted through a QS (Questionnaire Survey) design on the proposed hypotheses. Specifically, test is conducted on the collected data, and then SPSS and AMOS are used to integrate and analyze the data of 102 teams. The results show that knowledge hiding and its two dimensions (active and passive hiding) have a negative impact on the work efficiency of temporary teams. Interpersonal distrust plays a mediating role between knowledge hiding and temporary team performance. The incentive atmosphere, including control atmosphere and performance atmosphere, can regulate the performance of a temporary team efficiently. Control atmosphere is favorable to improving interpersonal trust and team performance, and performance atmosphere is inverted U-shaped regulation between interpersonal distrust and temporary team performance. Based on the above conclusions, the corresponding management suggestions that encouraging members in temporary teams to share actively and confronting the passive concealment of knowledge are put forward to enhance interpersonal trust and improve the efficiency of the temporary team.
Anger Expression in Negotiation: The Effects of Communication Channels and Anger Intensity
Authors: Yun Dongwon , Jung Heajung
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to explore the effects of communication channels and anger intensity as factors determining how the expression of anger affects negotiation outcomes. Based on the “emotions as social information” (EASI) model and media richness theory, we tried to examine how anger expression influences both economic and psychological negotiation outcomes as a function of communication channels and explore its underlying mechanism. In Study 1, 470 participants were randomly assigned to one of the five experimental conditions-neutral, anger expressionviatext/emoticon/voice/video-and asked to participate in an online negotiation task. The results showed a significant main effect of communication channel; partner’s anger expressionviacommunication channels richer in non-verbal cues (voice and video) led participants to make a higher concession and report lower satisfaction with negotiation and lower desire for future interaction with the same partner compared to anger expressionvialess rich channels (text and emoticon). The anger expression effects on psychological outcomes were partially explained by perceiver’s anger experience in response to anger display, which is consistent with the affective mechanism proposed by the EASI model. Study 2 examined whether the results of Study 1 could be attributable to the different levels of anger intensity perceived by the participants across different communication channels. Data analyses from 189 participants showed a significant main effect of anger intensity only with a desire for future interaction, but not with satisfaction and concession. The insignificant findings of the latter imply that the observed channel effect in Study 1 cannot be fully explained by the intensity effect.
The Effect of Brand Internationalization Strategy on Domestic Consumers’ Purchase Intention: Configuration Analysis Based on Brand Authenticity Perspective
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Fang Yue , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Sihong
Published: June 2022

Brand internationalization is an important strategy for emerging market enterprises to promote their self-owned brand to the international market. It has practical significance for promoting domestic consumers’ trust and acceptance of the international self-owned brands. This paper uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) as the method and 218 consumers in China as the survey subjects. The research focuses on exploring the core factors that stimulate domestic consumers’ purchase intention from the perspective of consumers’ perceived authenticity of brand internationalization (PABI) and how these factors cooperate to affect the driving path of domestic consumers’ high purchase intention. The findings show that (1) country of origin image, quality perception, credibility, and self-identity are the four core factors that stimulate domestic consumers’ purchase intention from the perspective of PABI, but each factor cannot be the necessary condition for high domestic consumers’ purchase intention alone. (2) Three types of conditional configurations constitute the driving path of high domestic consumers’ purchase intention: “country of origin image – self-identity,” “self-identity – credibility,” and “country of origin image – quality perception – credibility.” (3) The potential substitution relationship among the four core factors reflects that emerging market enterprises should choose a targeted driving path to implement brand internationalization strategies; this strategy helps enterprises to enhance domestic consumer trust and acceptance. This study broadens the exploration of brand internationalization through new research methods and perspectives and helps emerging market enterprises to design and implement various targeting, positioning, and segmentation strategies to successfully promote brand internationalization in the contest between globalization and anti-globalization.
Counterproductive Academic Behaviors and Academic Performance: A Meta-Analysis and a Path Analysis Model
Authors: Salgado Jesús F. , Cuadrado Dámaris , Moscoso Silvia
Published: June 2022

Counterproductive academic behaviors (CAB) are a complex phenomenon that affects academic institutions in multiple geographical areas with different cultures, values, and social norms. The high incidence of CAB causes problems of critical importance that transcend the educational domain. The current study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the CAB consequences by focusing on its impact on academic performance (AP). For this purpose, a meta-analysis was conducted in order to examine the relationship between CAB, its facets, and AP. The results show that overall CAB and students' performance are negatively related with a true effect size of ρ = −0.40 (K = 231, N = 127,269). Particularly, absenteeism appeared to be the facet most strongly related to AP (ρ = −0.48, K = 117, N = 69,453). A meta-analytic path analysis model was carried out in order to test the predictive validity of CAB, students' personality characteristics, and intelligence on AP. Results show that conscientiousness and cognitive intelligence have a negative relationship with CAB (β = −0.28 and β = −0.20, respectively), and that conscientiousness, openness to experience, intelligence, and CAB can explain 58% of AP true variance. Meta-analyses of moderator variables and hierarchical meta-analyses are also presented. The implications for research and practice are discussed at the end.
Investigating How Auditory and Visual Stimuli Promote Recovery After Stress With Potential Applications for Workplace Stress and Burnout: Protocol for a Randomized Trial
Authors: Byun Kunjoon , Aristizabal Sara , Wu Yihan , Mullan Aidan F. , Carlin Jeremiah D. , West Colin P. , Mazurek Kevin A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Work-related stress is one of the top sources of stress amongst working adults. Relaxation rooms are one organizational strategy being used to reduce workplace stress. Amongst healthcare workers, relaxation rooms have been shown to improve perceived stress levels after 15 min of use. However, few studies have examined physiological and cognitive changes after stress, which may inform why relaxation rooms reduce perceived stress. Understanding the biological mechanisms governing why perceived stress improves when using a relaxation room could lead to more effective strategies to address workplace stress.

Objective

The purpose of this research study is to understand how physiological measures, cognitive performance, and perceived stress change after acute stress and whether certain sensory features of a relaxation room are more effective at promoting recovery from stress.

Methods

80 healthy adults will perform a stress induction task (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) to evaluate how physiological and cognitive responses after stress are affected by sensory features of a relaxation room. After the stress induction task, participants will recover for 40 min in a MindBreaks™ relaxation room containing auditory and visual stimuli designed to promote relaxation. Participants will be randomized into four cohorts to experience auditory and visual stimuli; auditory stimuli; visual stimuli; or no stimuli in the room. Measures of heart rate and neural activity will be continuously monitored using wearable devices. Participants will perform working memory assessments and rate their perceived stress levels throughout the experiment. These measures will be compared before and after the stress induction task to determine how different sensory stimuli affect the rate at which individuals recover.

Results

Recruitment started in December 2021 and will continue until December 2022 or until enrollment is completed. Final data collection and subsequent analysis are anticipated by December 2022. We expect all trial results will be available by early 2023.

Discussion

Findings will provide data and information about which sensory features of a relaxation room are most effective at promoting recovery after acute stress. This information will be useful in determining how these features might be effective at creating individualized and organizational strategies for mitigating the effects of workplace stress.
Creating a Sincere Sustainable Brand: The Application of Aristotle’s Rhetorical Theory to Green Brand Storytelling
Authors: Huang Chaohua , Zhuang Shaoshuang , Li Ziyuan , Gao Jingke
Published: June 2022

As consumers become skeptical of green products, green brands may need to put trust-building on their business agenda. The study aims to use the rhetorical theory of Aristotle to examine the influence of a green brand story on perceived brand sincerity and brand trust. The study explores whether customer perceived value (CPV) mediates the effect between three means of persuasion used by a green brand story and perceived brand sincerity, and whether the need for cognition (NFC) plays a moderating role. A model is proposed and tested through three independent experiments in which participants were exposed to green brand stories and asked to complete a questionnaire. The results show that the green brand story with three means of persuasion has a more positive impact on perceived brand sincerity and brand trust than the green brand story without, and the impact is partially mediated by CPV. Besides, NFC moderates the effect: perceived brand sincerity of green brands improves with three means of the persuasion-laden story when NFC is relatively high. Specifically, the study reveals that pathos and ethos in a green brand story have positive effects on perceived brand sincerity through emotional value and social value, but the effect of logos is not identified. The findings contribute to the literature on brand storytelling, brand personality, and green marketing and have managerial implications for green brands to sustain a customer-brand relationship.
Deriving Public Innovation Capacity: Evidence From the Korean Public Sector
Authors: Kim Min Young , Kim Sang Woo
Published: June 2022

By actively coping with changes, a government providing public services can also improve the quality of those public services and help citizens improve their quality of life in the face of rapidly changing social structures, environments, and values. Accordingly, this study will typologize public innovation capacity (PIC) in terms of the individual, middle manager, and organizational levels. This study typologizes public innovation capacity in terms of the individual, middle manager, and organizational levels through mini-round Delphi analysis and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using survey. This capacity is a precondition of the specificity of the public sector (generating public interest by providing public services) and universal value of HR (human resource) research (creating performance). It provides the basic capacity within the public sector to enhance the quality of public services and create positive outcomes.
Feeling Safe With Hypnosis: Eliciting Positive Feelings During a Special State of Consciousness
Authors: Schmidt Barbara
Published: June 2022

Our state of consciousness is crucial for our ability to follow suggestions. Suggestions in turn are a powerful tool to induce positive emotional states. In my research, I suggest positive feelings of safety during hypnosis. This is a positive emotional state of low arousal and low anxiety. Both arousal and anxiety affect our decision-making. However, when we feel safe due to hypnotic suggestions of safety, we do not act riskier. Instead, EEG brain activity shows that monetary rewards get less important and delayed rewards are less devalued compared to immediate rewards when we feel safe. These results open promising perspectives for the use of hypnosis to reduce impulsive behavior, for example, in substance abuse. Therapeutic suggestions of safety even work in highly stressful environments like the intensive care unit. I showed that patients tolerate non-invasive ventilation much better when they get the suggestion to feel safe. The effects of positive therapeutic suggestions delivered during hypnosis even persist over time. Post-hypnotic suggestions are associations between a certain emotional state and a trigger that elicits this emotional state after hypnosis is over. I showed that post-hypnotic suggestions of safety are effective weeks after the therapeutic session. Therefore, I present a therapeutic technique that uses a special state of consciousness, hypnosis, to induce positive emotional states. The effects of this technique are very strong and long lasting. My goal is to provide scientific evidence for the use of hypnotherapeutic techniques to increase the number of people who apply and profit from them.