bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic, historical, and religious connotations of the term "Hebrew" in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic sources
Authors: ياسين المعضادي أحمد طه
Published: November 2023

There is no doubt that the Hebrew language, which is an important part of the Semitic languages to which our Arabic language belongs, has become one of the important languages in the Arab region, and it is time for Arabs to learn it and understand what is going on around them and from within them in terms of plans that reflect on the future of the region as a whole. Therefore, it was our duty as specialists in the study of Semitic languages and the Hebrew language in particular to write research on the origins and divisions of this language. From this point of view, this research was prepared to complement the great scientific research and studies in the field of Semitic studies, especially the Hebrew side of it, the research has been addressed to several topics, the most important of which was the definition of the term "Hebrew" in Arabic and Hebrew, and knowing the origin of this term with mentioning the most important opinions that touched on the hadith about its origin and interpretation, and also the origin of the word labels (Jews - Israelites - Hebrews), and then it was proven whether the words "Hebrew" and "Arabic" are one word? Or is there a difference between them, hence the historical and religious connotations of the term "Hebrew" are mentioned in Jewish sources, and then in Jewish sources and finally in Islamic sources, where these connotations are the main axes around which this research revolves. In the end, there was the conclusion in which we mentioned the most important results we reached through the preparation of this research.
Deviation of simile in Qubadi Jalilzadas poetry
Authors: Mohamad Abdulqadir Hamaameen , Mustafa Sarhad Hussain
Published: November 2023

Poets in all literary schools utilize the poetic and rhetorical technique of simile in their works. QubadiJalilzada is on of the contemporary poets with a distinctive style. So because poet innovates with poetic imagination and style rather than adhering to a predetermined poetic form, the researcher in this study emphasizes the presence of many simile forms and techniques in his poems. Thus, the present study pinpoints poetic simile, according to its types, forms, morphology and place.
Exploration of Malady and Trepidation in Bird Box: A Psychoanalytic Study
Authors: Mohammed Jwan Adil
Published: November 2023

This study confronts the dichotomies of exploring psychoanalytical theory in the novel Bird Box. It is conducted by using qualitative methods of research. The theoretical framework of psychoanalysis put forward by Sigmund Freud provides a concrete base for this study. The research work scrutinizes data through the theoretical lens of psychoanalysis and false societal perceptions. It examines the malignant after-effect of anxiety by observing that this anxiety is orchestrating the origination of some anxiety disorders among the people. The aim of the study is to analyze the origination, sources, and aftermath of malady and trepidation on the main protagonist Malorie and the inhabitants of River bridge. Additionally, the study explores and sensitively tackles the multiple facts of psychoanalysis along a metaphorical path that submerged into the depths of ignorance as forced behavior. Finally, it digs out that regression, repression, and rationalization are some of these defense mechanisms that govern the unconscious of these people which finds an expression through their conscious actions. The study ends up with a concise conclusion, followed by the list of references.
The Perception of EFL University Students in Tolerance of Ambiguity
Authors: Saalh Shaima M.
Published: November 2023

Ambiguity tolerance (AT), is defined as "the degree to which you are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that run counter to your belief system or structure of knowledge.” Ambiguity tolerance is one of the most important learning styles that focus on the learners’ learning more than the methodology. The study aims to investigate the EFL students’ perception of ambiguity tolerance. The study is a quantitative descriptive one. The sample of 53 students was selected randomly from the fourth stage at the department of English Language, College of Education for Women/ University of Baghdad. They responded to the Second Language Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale (SLTAS) modified by Erten and Topkaya (2009). The study tool's validity is ascertained by giving the scale to the number of experts to decide its suitability to measure the study aims, while the reliability has been ascertained by using the alpha-Cronbach formula. After finding out the waiting means and percentages of the scale items, the results showed that the degree of tolerance of ambiguity is moderated for all the scale items. This result indicates that the EFL students’ willing to tolerate moderately the ambiguity of the foreign language structure and knowledge that run counter to their native language structure and knowledge. Accordingly, several recommendations and suggestions are set forward.
Investigating the Perceptions of Unversity EFL Instructors Towards Utilizing Wikipedia as authentic source in Research Writing Projects
Authors: Fahmi Sara Khalil , Othman Dlakhshan Yousif
Published: November 2023

Wikipedia is among the earliest internet websites where information is posted by different people in the world of academia for educational purposes. The current study aims at investigating the perception of EFL instructors of using Wikipedia in research projects writings. In other words, it tries to investigate the extent to which the teachers perceive the use of Wikipedia in research writing projects by fourth grade students. To achieve the aim of the study, 22 Kurdish EFL University teachers in the English Department College of Basic Education at Salahaddin University enrolled as a sample. Moreover, a questionnaire was constructed by the researchers for data collection. It consisted of 24 items. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 24. The results showed that Wikipedia platform plays a significant role in providing the students with factual information in their research writing process, which is essential in helping fourth-grade students at solving the problems that they encounter while they write their research writing projects
Evaluation of The Arabic Language book for The Fourth Literary grade in The Light of Comprehensive quality Standards From The Point of View of Male and Female Teachers
Authors: حمد الجبوري سعد جاد الله
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to identify the evaluation of the Arabic language book for the fourth grade literary in the light of comprehensive quality standards from the point of view of male and female teachers, and the researcher used the descriptive approach and a questionnaire consisting of eight dimensions (the general form of the book, the introduction to the book, the content of the book, objectives, means of evaluation in the book, the methods used in the presentation of the material, the appropriateness of activities and their applicability, and the development of the book material for positive trends), and the research tool was applied to a sample of (119) teachers and schools and was chosen randomly. The results of the research showed that it came first the field of the general form of the book among other areas, and secondly the field of the appropriateness of activities and the possibility of their application, and came third introduction to the book, then fourth means of evaluation in the book, and finally the objectives and in all ranks came the percentages are medium, and the proportions of the content of the book and the development of the book material for positive trends and methods used in the presentation of the material with low percentages, and also from the results of the research there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of male and female teachers' grades in the Arabic language book for the fourth grade of literature , It is attributed to the scientific qualification, specialization, years of experience, and the existence of statistically significant differences between the averages of male and female teachers in the Arabic language book for the fourth grade literary , according to the gender variable in favor of females, and in light of the results of the research, the researcher put forward some recommendations.
The image of women in the poetry of Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
Authors: شاكر سروود كنعان
Published: November 2023

Woman was the core of poet`s attention throughout ages till this moment. They used to describe her as source of inspiration and ingenuity for their poetry. Woman was the main inspiration for writers as well as poets who played a real role within the psyche of human beings. Woman was presented within the poetry or works of Al Zahawi indifferent images. She, for example, took the image of good mother, daughter and wife. As mother, she incarnated the source of protection, emotion and education. As lover, she had a great role with the works of the poets in the sense that, the poet described her physical beauty. She also played the role of oppressed woman either by her father, husband or the society and its tradition that was opposed on her. Thus, the poet calls to elevate her status and role mainly within the Iraqi society and generally with the entire world because she is the second half or part of the society. The research dealt with the concept of woman and her role within the view of Al Zahawi.
The Voice and the Rhythm of Rhythm in Ibn Zurayq Al-Baghdadi's Friction
Authors: أحمد روژان رفيق , كريم نوال نعمان
Published: November 2023

This research works in its vocal field to study one of the most prominent and important Arab poetic texts in the Abbasid literature, with what it represents of vocal conflicts unique to it over what corresponds to it in its purpose from the poetry of the same era. These conflicts worked to highlight the strengths in its formal construction and how this text It revolved around it in various aspects and levels of measurement, structure, composition, and rhetoric, with what was reflected on it in pictures that revealed its contents, the content of its discourse, and the richness of its material. My attention to this aspect came specifically, because of the impact of vocal performance that many researchers and scholars hardly notice in shaping the normative structure of poetic texts, which is basically based on intonation and tirades that do not go unnoticed if we say that it is one of the basic and authentic elements of building Arabic poetry.
Words Indicating Perfection and Completion in the Glorious Qur,an a Graphic Study
Authors: علاوي إياد صالح
Published: November 2023

There are many words mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an indicating the perfection and completion, and these two words couped with certain two Ayahs of the Qur'an whichleads to investigate them in order to differentiate their semantic and graphic values. The Arab Linguists defined the perfection as a completion and the completion as perfection and make them as a synonymy. But in the miraaculousness Qur'an Graphic has its own each word semantics and position that it is unique with. In this paper, I have trid to prove that there is no synonym between these words used in the Qur'an and each word refers to a specialized meaning can be shared with other words even if it in semantics. At the end, Ihave collected the opinions of the commentators and linguists to reach good results.
Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives
Authors: Ahmad Hemin Omar
Published: November 2023

Research on the history of Kurdish literature requires more efforts. Especially all those poets who have left behind little material and little has been written about them. For various reasons, the Kurds have not been able to rewrite their literary history completely and accurately. In this respect, new information about them is gradually going to be revealed through the workings on uncovering the manuscripts of the world archives. Although the nineteenth century is the richest century in the history of literature, it has the most shortcomings on the lives and works of our poets. This research entitled (Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives) has tried to reveal several aspects of this poet's life through the Ottoman and Western archives, especially revealing part of his life in Mosul, Istanbul, and his work as a translator, lawyer, linguist and journalist. Additionally, the study reveals the time and the place of his death, and investigates his relationship with Kurdish poets and his reflection in Kurdish journalism during the Ottoman period. This study resolves some of the debates that existed in the past century about the life of this poet and with this new information fills a gap in the biography of Keyfi in the history of Kurdish literature
Stages of reinvigoration in Kurdish and Persian poetry
Authors: Maruf Osman Abdool , Muhamad Muhamad Amien
Published: November 2023

Every national literature has its own distinctions and characteristics that distinguish it from other literatures, despite the convergence of some literature from each other by virtue of several factors, including political, geographical, military and historical. However, they retain their national specificity, and here we must point out an important point, which is the influence of each other by virtue of the factors we mentioned above, but this does not mean that they walk in a balanced line in the stages of their development and renewal, and this applies to Kurdish and Persian literature, but both have their national characteristics that distinguish them from the other. Kurdish literature has gone through different stages of stagnation, rise, development, and so literature. Persian has its own provisions and circumstances. Both writers felt the need for renewal, development and advancement at a sensitive stage of the history of their nation, and so Kurdish and Persian writers felt the need to do hard work for renewal and modernization.
The Rhetorical Difficulties of Teaching English Novel to the Third Grade from the Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Mohammed Najat Abdullah , Sultan Amra Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

This study aims at revealing the rhetorical difficulties of teaching English novel to the third grade from the students' perspectives at the Universities of Tikrit and Kirkuk. 1. Finding out the rhetorical difficulties and the problems that face Third grade students in the English Departments in Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities in teaching novel from students' perspectives. The population of the study are 161 students from English Departments in Colleges of Education for Humanities at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities, whereas the sample is 65 students. The questionnaire has been constructed and distributed to the third year students of English Department in the Colleges of Education at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities. The questionnaire of students which contains (20) items, to be answered by the third year students. The novels that are included in the questionnaire are: 1. "Wuthering Heights" by Emily Bronte 2. "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens After the analysis of the results of the current study. It is recommended that rhetorical difficulties of novel should be concentrated, explained, analyzed to students.
Investigation of Berman’s Tendencies of distortion Model on English Translation of Mahfouz’s Novel Children of the Alley
Authors: Hamdan Mahmood Ibrahim , Nasser Luqman .A.
Published: November 2023

Literary translation is one of the most difficult fields of the science of translation. This is because of the way that a unique utilization of language is perverted from standard, ordinary, unliterary language. Other than delivering the semantic characteristics of the text, it is the translator's central goal to re-compose the source text as a masterpiece of target text, and he/she endeavors to keep the uniformity of content and structure and the text's personal, national and linguistic characteristics. Unalike different kinds of documents , literary works are abundant with meanings , connotations and roundabout messages which are the genuine test for the cryptographer. This research is an investigation of the translation of an Arabic literary work ( a novel by Naguib Mahfouz) and the troubles the text of ( Peter Theroux) faces according to Berman’s Negative Analytic which adopts the following deformation categories: (1) Rationalization (2) Clarification (3) Expansion (4) Ennoblement (5) Qualitative Impoverishment(6) Quantitative Impoverishment(7) Destruction of Rhythms (8)Destruction of Linguistic Patterns(9) Destruction of Idioms and Expressions(10)Destruction of Vernaculars or their Exoticization(11) Destruction of Underlying Networks of Signification(12) Effacement of the Superimposition of Language . The paper presumes that the translation of literary works is a compilation of intellectual interaction which includes a discernment not only of the denotations and its connotations of the ST. The study aimed at investigating the occurrence of the deforming tendencies in the translation of the abovementioned novel and how these tendencies affect the semantic and linguistic meaning of words and expressions, and whether the translation strategy is SL-oriented (Forienization) or TL-oriented (Domestication). The study concluded that deformation tendencies were excessively used by the translator through his following of the TL-oriented translation especially for the cultural specific elements, the frequency of the deforming tendencies , occurrences. Percentage and rank ,were presented in table and figures.
Semantic Challenges of Business Translation with Reference to English and Arabic: A Product-Oriented Approach
Authors: تميم خلف الجوعاني محمد عناد , سويلم النعيمي أسامة محمد
Published: November 2023

This study aims to reveal the meaning of the bit and its uses when the deceased Ibn Jinni (392 e)، and was (at all) mean when the general perpetuation that does not come out of it، or that this judgment is launched when the perpetuation that he sees without regard to the doctrines of other scholars of the same issue?. The nature of this study necessitated that it be divided into two parts: the first part deals with the issues that have been completely proven، and the second part deals with the issues that have been denied at all. This research is derived from a doctoral thesis dealing with linguistic issues in which Ibn Jinni used the rule of the bit، and the research dealt with all his printed compositions that were raised on twenty-five authors، abbreviated in this research on some phonetic issues، dealt with after the introduction، Before the conclusion، the issues that were denied at all، and in two forms: the first of them: it was what was used at all in its first form، i.e.: perpetuation and cutting in its general sense، and the second: it was what was used at all in its second form، i.e.: perpetuation and cutting of his linguistic vision and doctrine، without regard to the doctrines of other scholars.
Dialogue Impulsivity in the Interpretation of the Landmarks of the Revelation in the Interpretation of the Qur’an by Al-Baghawi (died 516 AH)
Authors: عبد نبراس صالح , غني منى عدنان
Published: November 2023

This research is based on the statement of the hypothesis of the dialogic imperative in the Arab heritage through the exegetical discourse in the features of revelation in the interpretation of the Qur’an by al-Baghawi al-Hussein bin Masoud. In an attempt to re-read the Arab heritage in a modern way according to the principles of the critics of modernity who have pragmatic theory, to define the purposes of linguistic performance in religious discourse according to the principles alluded to by Grace
Ways to enhance the Position of the Arabic Language between Originality and Challenges an Analytical
Authors: أسامة السيد محمد عبدالله
Published: November 2023

For linguists, language is a system of abstract phonetic, phonological, lexical, synthetic, semantic, and pragmatic relations, and a tool for communication and expression. It is knowledge, culture, literature, civilization, and behavior. Therefore, language is considered the pillar of the nation and an important foundation for its civilization that expresses its entity and culture. The Arabic language is one of the basic constants of the Arab and Islamic nation, as it is the symbol of its identity and the tool of its artistic creations, and a landmark of its intellectual and literary production. Thinking about the present and future of the Arabic language is one of the most important interests that attract elites among linguists, thinkers and writers, and is closely related to the sovereignty of the Arab-Islamic nation, its culture and thought. Believing in the importance of the Arabic language, this study aims to highlight the challenges that Arabic faces in the twenty-first century: most notably the threat of cultural globalization, the growing role of the English language in most disciplines and sectors, in addition to the challenge of linguistic duplication in colloquial dialects; Then, he discussed how to advance the Arabic language and enhance its status and role in facing these currents and their challenges. In order to reach the goal, the research was divided into three sections, the first of which defined the language and the Arabic language and its status, the second talked about the most important contemporary challenges, and the third dealt with ways to confront these challenges and ways to enhance the Arabic language with all means of support and capabilities. It will have the greatest impact on her assuming the prestigious position that befits her primacy, originality and precedence.
The French Phonetic Impact on English
Authors: Badawi Wisam Shaher
Published: November 2023

The Normandy conquest to England represented a shift in power from the Anglo-Saxon into French or Norman possession. It sheds great effects on people’s life. This shift undoubtedly made a great influence or impact on English in considering that languages are channels for the interaction of cultures and habits. Hence, English was influenced by Latin descendants which reflected by Old French, Old Norse and later the Anglo-Norman variety. This paper tackles French phonetic impact on English which made crucial changes in each spelling and pronunciation by which English shifted from old to middle era. Moreover, by French conventions, some consonants and their literary representations were added to English by loanwords. Vowels were reduced, lengthened or diphthongized by certain processes or phonetic environments. The modifications and merges appeared in the Middle English phonemes were nearly the main inputs for Present- Day English.
History of Satire in Kurdish Literature From the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century
Authors: Qaitaran Karwan Saleem , Amin Muhammad Muhammad dler
Published: November 2023

Whenever the history of Kurdish literature is discussed, especially from the early periods to the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most of the thoughts and signs go directly to Sufism, heavenly and earthly love. Little has been said that a satirical aspect mixed with lampoon and facetiae forms an important part of this literature. From this perspective, as an important part of the history of our ancient literature also the forgotten history of satirical literature at this stage, this subject became of interest to us. Satire itself as a significant and widespread literary subject attracted the attention of the poets and writers throughout the ages. Accordingly, satire has been integrated to all the other fields like psychology, sociology, politics, religion, etc. Thus, they used satire as a means to integrate these fields into their literary works as well. The research is entitled (History of Satire in Kurdish Literature from the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century). It aims to be a new statement in this field that was previously underestimated and rarely researched. The research is divided into two chapters. The first chapter describes the terms and concepts related to satire, as well as the theories. The second chapter, which includes two sections, is dedicated to the history of satire. In the first section the history of satire in the Western literature and Eastern Islamic literature (Arabic and Persian) is tackled. The second section is about the history of satire in Kurdish literature from the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century. The research ends with the conclusions and the list of references.
The aesthetic dialectic between Imagiation and other literary elements in the novel
Authors: Ebraheem Khalid Qader , Ali Taher Mohmmed
Published: November 2023

The research is entitled (the dialectic of aesthetic fiction and other literary elements in the novel), it is a study and research and an attempt to present the dialectic between fiction as a basic structure for the text of the novelist and other elements to form the novel such as (reality, fantasy, illusion, memory), to clarify and find The difference, distinction, kinship, and lines of relationship between fiction and the elements mentioned in the novel, and this is the main purpose of our research.
‘Maqam and Transcendence terminology on Wafayee Poems
Authors: Hamid Sozan Brahim , Shwan Ebrahim Ahmad
Published: November 2023

The paper is entitled ‘Maqam and Transcendence terminology on Wafayee Poems’. Maqam and Transcendence are two significant stages of Sufism. Wafayee has utilized some of the terminologies of maqam and transcendence, therefore to shed light of this aspect of his poems and lack of an independent study on Sufism in Wafayee poems, this study was deemed necessary. The objective of this study is to identify the stages of Sufism and highlighting the terminologies related to maqam and transcendence in his poems. The scope of the study is limited to Wafayee’s Kurdish poems. The study adopts descriptive-analytic approach. The study design is as follows: The study consists of two main parts. The first part is divided into two sections. The first section tackles Wafayee’s life , his relation with sheikh of his doctrine ,then defines the concept of maqam and explains the terminologies that Wafayee used in his poems. The second section defines the concept of transcendence and analyzes the terminologies used in Wafayee poems.The second part is divided into two main sections. In the first section, Maqam terminologies in Wafayee’s poems are analyzed in detail. The second section is devoted to analyzing transcendence terminologies in Wafayee poems. The study ends in conclusions and list of references.
Language acquisition between I-language and E-language
Authors: عبد الرحمن بکر شيلان عثمان , فرهادى ساجدة عبد الله
Published: November 2023

When we talk about I-language and E-language, we are talking about confronting rationality and environment, or about innateness or originality, language acquisition, and learning, or about the evolution of man as a unique creature at its peak. In terms of I-language and E- language, there are many facts and scientific efforts, and several schools and scientific movements have emerged, Structuralism appeared, then came the behavioral theory, and then the generative theory came to confront it later. On this basis, several theories of language acquisition have been developed, and these theories will be discussed in this paper.
Language is the most crucial means for understanding and communicating among the members of a community
Authors: حمە همزە حسین , حمە سعید تابان نوری
Published: November 2023

Language is the most crucial means for understanding and communicating among the members of a community. Derivation is a distinctive point between Kurdish and Arabic language, and it is a way for the development and expansion of language, enriching their vocabulary and increasing their expressions so as to cope with new inventions. This study is an attempt to compare derivations (subjective and objective as examples) in Kurdish and Arabic language. Derivations have a great role in the development and advancement of Kurdish and Arabic language, and it is the distinctive point between the two above-mentioned languages. This study also focuses on the similarities and differences from the perspective of the structure of derivations, and the ability of both languages for various structures and expressions.
Anxiety f existence in the poems of Ramyar Mahmood A cognative philosophical study in The Light of (Martin Heidegger) existential philosophy
Authors: إبراهيم محمد نبي , معروف هريم عثمان
Published: November 2023

The relationship between poetry and philosophy is an ancient one. By looking to the history of philosophy, one can see that most philosophers have spoken of poetry; and vice versa, that is the same case with the history of literature: It is rare to find a poet or writer who was not influenced by a particular philosopher or school of philosophy. Critical movements also have a philosophical background and one can find sort of philosophy behind each of them. In this context, one can say that behind every good poetry there is a truth of existence: poetry is an expression of the truths of existence, or, like philosophy, it is creative thinking. Therefore, poetry is not only for entertainment and pleasure, for love and praise the beloved, but also for critical thinking: it has a cognitive and existential function, which is to search and discover the meanings of human existence. This is in case that one of the issues of human existence is anxiety and has an existential dimension, and human existence -as being in contact with others and being in the world- is a temporary one. This research aims to show that anxiety is an integral part of human existence and is widely reflected in Ramyar Mahmoud's poems, since that anxiety is related to being in the world, being with others and death.
Poetics of Defamiliarisation in Craig Raine’s Selected Poems
Authors: Rasheed Muhammed Fattah
Published: November 2023

Defamiliarisation is one of the techniques that has been studied by literary criticism; especially the Russian formalist one. It is the technique of alienating or making estrangement. This study attempts at investigating the three devices of defamiliarisation (deviation, foregrounding, and antithesis) in Craig Raine’s selected poems: “A Martian Sends a Postcard Home” “An Attempt at Jealousy” and “Heaven on Earth”. The selected poems represent Raine’s best poems and the prominent example exemplifying the use of defamiliarisation in his poetry. The study aims at uncovering the poetic and aesthetic function of the technique of defamiliarisation in Raine’s poems. The significance of this study lies in its focusing on the role of defamiliarisation in communicating themes of the three poems. It applies Jan Mukařovský’s formalist theory, Roman Jakobson’s theory of poetics and Roger Fowler's theory of literary discourse. It concludes that three techniques of defamiliarisation perform their poetic and aesthetic functions through their metrical structures, which are constructed over the structures of the linguistic expressions of the poetic lines.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Trump’s Hate Speech
Authors: Mohammed Maha Bakir , Saleh Abed Khalaf
Published: November 2023

Hate speech is spoken words that reflect the speaker’s offensive, insulting, and/or threatening toward an individual or group based on a particular attribute of that addressee(s) being targeted. Such kind of words is likely to vex person/people into acting rashly against speaker who is doing the vexation (Web source 1). The current study deals with hate speech of Trump pragmatically falling in three categories that are: speech act theory, rhetorical tropes, and impoliteness. It aims at sketching a pragmatic approach to deal with hate speech of political speech or any type of speech. It hypothesizes that, in hate utterances, assertives and commissives classes of Searle’s speech acts theory are used more than the other three. It also hypothesizes that metaphor and allusion as rhetorical tropes are likely to be used within hate speech. Another hypothesis is that both rudeness and bald on record are the most dominant techniques of impoliteness to express hatred.
Usability of Conscience Alley, Classroom Dramatization and Stage Acting as Pedagogical Techniques of Interactive Method of Teaching Drama at University Level
Authors: Ameen Rawaz Jamal
Published: November 2023

This study demonstrates the accessibility extent of three prominent pedagogical techniques of interactive method of teaching drama at university level: conscience alley, classroom dramatization, and stage acting. It covers their characteristics in terms of their fulfillments, pros, cons, the teacher’s role, non-human resources, viewership and example of dramas for implementation of each technique accordingly. Moreover, it encompasses the effectiveness of the three techniques in learning process when utilized properly. Besides, it supplies useful recommendations for more successful teaching process under the light of the mentioned techniques for instance, improving solitary effort of drama teachers via actual insertion of the techniques (at least the first two, if not all) in their classes, and establishing an academic connection and fruitful cooperation between Art Education Department and Department of English Language in College of Basic Education in Sulaimani University, or their equivalences, as an innovative approach for drama teachers at university level.
Discourse-pragmatic functions of wellah and wellahi in spoken Kurdish
Authors: Berot Fatima Hassan
Published: November 2023

This study explores the discourse-pragmatic functions of the lexical items wellah and wellahi by twenty-four Iraqi Kurdish-speaking adults (24 first and fourth-year undergraduate students). All the participants studied in the English department at the University of Raparin in Kurdistan. As a qualitative research, Brinton’s (1996) binary classification is adopted as a theoretical framework in defining the functions wellah and wellahi have at the textual and interpersonal levels. Using empirical data, five individual functions related to the use of wellah and wellahi: including three textual functions (elaboration, filler and; topic shift) and two interpersonal ones (response marker [politeness marker] and confirmation marker) are demonstrated. Throughout, the findings link to those identified in previous Arabic studies. The data analysis demonstrates that the use of wellahi in Kurdish is similar to its use in Arabic. In addition, the current study indicates that both wellah and wellahi function as discourse markers interchangeably in most of the cases. The results suggest that principles of grammaticalisation, such as phonetic-reduction and layering, could explain the development of interchangeability of the discourse markers. This study contributes to our understanding of the pragmatics of Kurdish language, the functions of discourse markers, language variation and grammaticalisation
The Power and Gender in Sylvia Plath’s Poem “Daddy”: An Analytical Study
Authors: Khalaf Salih Luhaib Hamid
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the concept of power and gender in the modern poet Sylvia Plath’s Daddy poem. It aims to expose the way that the patriarchy authority practices power among the devalued women. Daddy is one of the prime poems of Sylvia Plath, which tackles the dynamic power between the supremacy of patriarchy depicted by the father and the disregarded daughter. The research is based on afeminism theory with special focus upon the power relation notion by Simon De Bouvier. The research is a qualitative one and follows a textual and critical approach. It is divided into three sections. Introduction, which tackles the introductory of power and gender, followed by literature review, Theoretical framework, which presents the background of the feminism theory and discussion which presents the power relation in this poem, followed bya conclusion.
Gricean Approach to Study Implicatures is Revisited
Authors: Khoshaba Lubna Marqus , D. Al-Sulaimaan Misbah M.
Published: November 2023

Implicature is one of the important pragmatic concepts. What is said is different from what is implicated or intended by the speaker. The current study is concerned with the main theories that have introduced and viewed implicatures. It also attempts to shed light on the main differences and similarities between these theories. It is divided into five sections: (1) it is an introduction to the topic, (2) It deals with Grice’s view of meaning, implicature and its maxims, and implicatures in literary texts (3) It tackles the Neo-Gricean theories such Horn’s Theory (1984) and Levinson’s theory (1987), (4) It is concerned with the Post-Gricean theories mainly Relevance Theory (1995). The study ends up with some conclusions that are the outcome of this study.
Investigating English as a Foreign Language in Planning, Designing and Developing Curriculum at Kurdistan Universities
Authors: Omer Tazhan Kamal , Abbas Abbas Mustafa
Published: November 2023

This is an extracted study from a PhD thesis which aims at investigating curriculum planning, designing, and developing at Kurdistan universities. This paper sheds light on the most common and important theoretical background and literature review in the field as well as applying one of the most well-known approaches in curriculum design by Nation and Macalister (2010). The data has been collected from 247 undergraduate students who filled in the questionnaire in the University of Sulaimani, Salahhadin and Duhok. The study’s findings indicated some strengths and weaknesses of the program, and to some extent, it fulfills the needs of the students. Also, teachers as real practitioners inside classes, have complained about the current curricula regarding the academic level of students and devoted time for courses. In this regard, the learning environment is not productive as it should be based on the outcomes of the study, and there is no planning and designing procedure for the current program. Only the development process exists randomly. The changes in the program from its establishment have yet to be documented formally. Moreover, some workshops were held but were fruitless due to the lack of implementing the changes in the real classes.
Etude des personnages dans Les âmes grises et La Petite-fille de M. Linh de Philippe Claudel
Authors: Obaid Omar Ibrahim , AL SAADI Awatif
Published: November 2023

Les valeurs du bien et du mal existent dans la nature humaine depuis le début de la création de l'homme jusqu'à nos jours. Cette recherche porte sur le partage des personnages entre le bien et le mal dans les deux romans de Philippe Claudel : Les âmes grises et La Petite-fille de M. Linh. Notre travail est basé sur l'analyse des personnages à travers leurs comportements, leurs actions et réactions, pour voir si les personnages de Claudel représentent le bien ou le mal ? Sont-ils coupables ou innocents ? Quelles sont les causes de la culpabilité et comment les personnages ont traité les effets de la culpabilité ? Afin d'arriver à la conclusion que le bien et le mal sont des concepts relatifs et différents d'une personne à l'autre, et qu'il n'y a aucune personne qui porte absolument de bons ou de mauvais caractères
The impact of women's work on the French family in Soft Song by Leïla Slimani
Authors: Mohammed-said Hanan Hashim
Published: November 2023

Dans cette recherche, nous faisons une étude sur l'impact du travail de la femme sur sa famille au niveau social, culturel et financier. Dans Chanson douce, Myriam est une femme qui veut reprendre le travail après l'accouchement de son deuxième enfant. Elle cherche à prendre son rôle dans le monde du travail et faire preuve de ses capacités à exercer le métier d'avocate. Dès lors, elle doit faire face à plusieurs défis: l'opposition de son mari, le mécontentement de l'entourage familial, la garde des enfants via une baby-sitter, la perte de la liberté familiale, la réconciliation entre les exigences de la famille et celle du travail, la peur de laisser ses enfants chez une nounou étrangère qui pourrait leur nuire et les influencer négativement. Myriam est partagée entre son travail et les devoirs vis-à-vis de sa famille. Faute de temps, elle ne peut deviner ce qui se passe chez elle durant son absence. Les malentendus multipliés entre la famille et Louise, la nounou, celle-ci tue les enfants sans merci afin de mettre fin à ses problèmes.
Criticism of colloquial speech in Al-Ubab Alzakhir by Al-Saghani
Authors: فياض سميرة حمد , جرو علي مطر
Published: November 2023

The aim of the research is to reveal and study a linguistic phenomenon that characterizes the Arabic language, which is colloquial speech, and it is known that colloquial speech has an effective role in the development and development of the language. In support of him when he found his roots in Arabic, he showed his rejection of him for lowering his level of eloquence, and from whom Al-Saghani cared about him in his lexicon Al-Abab Al-Zakher, which included a number of colloquial speech notes that required me to collect and count them, and study them in a careful critical study that revealed the depth of Al-Saghani’s influence on the words of the common people because of his A significant impact on the development and development of language .
The Proverbs on the Tongue of Animal’s in Al - Maidani on the ((Proverbs Collection)) Book - A Comparative Study of the Turkmanish Proverbs
Authors: محمد مهدي شكور
Published: November 2023

The subject of my tagged research ( The Proverbs on the Tongue of Animal’s in Al - Maidani on the (( Proverbs Collection )) Book - A Comparative Study of the Turkmanish Proverbs ) and the reason behind choosing this subject , is because the absence no independent study of animal proverbs as comparative study and my desire to study a topic related to Turkmenish proverbs . The research is divided into an Introduction , Preface and two chapters , in the Introduction I dealt with proverbs linguistically and idiomatically and proverbs on the tongue of the animal and a brief summary of the life of Al - Maidani and proverbs in Turkmenish literature . As for the first research I tackled the types of proverbs and the extant of similarity between the Arabic and Turkmanish proverbs . while , in the second research , I tackled proverbs that have no then the conclusion and dealt with the most important results of the research , counterparts in Arabic . Finally I display the main conclusion of the Thesis , the footnotes and the list of Arabic and Turkmanish references that the thesis based on .
The Role of the two elements of origin and similarity in Sibawayh's proof of his grammatical views
Authors: ثلجي الدلابيح محمد فضل
Published: November 2023

The research seeks to target is that Sibawayhi had a Altvattat several explanations of the issues of language, and was among those gestures reasoning stems from the idea of taking into account the origin and similarities. And laid the ills of two types: the ills of fundamentalism: the bug origin, bug reply to the parent, and bug status , and the reason for the different face, and bug limit speech, and bug level, and the reason for compensation, and the reason for deletion, without compensation, and the reason for the allowance, and bug barrier, and the reason for separation, and the reason for the meeting, and the reason for the selection, and the reason for followers to use Arabs, and the reason for the conversion of building to another. The ills received under the analog section are: semi-bug, bug, due to wind, bug counterpart, and the reason for inclusion, and bug Alnohm, and care to succession, and the reason for the matching. The research concluded a series of the most important findings.
Dreams between the historical and literary heritage of the Abbasid era as a model
Authors: حسين لطيف علي
Published: November 2023

At the end of our tagged research (Dreams between the historical and literary heritage), we showed the importance of dreams from several aspects, the most important of which are historical, religious, and literary, in addition to their literary importance, which we tried to prove its validity, which is the fact that dreams are among the prose literary texts of a narrative nature that bear the characteristics of the narrative text. In different forms, sometimes informative and other anecdotal, as we have shown in this The search is the difference between the term dreamy and visionary, which the Islamic religion defined and distinguished through the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and we identified the Abbasid era as a field for our study because the visions in this era were linked to major incidents that changed the course of many of the foundations of governance, and we analyzed some texts related to the visions of Bani Al-Abbas and how these texts were inscribed, and we concluded our research by writing the results that the researcher reached in his research.
Culture- Specific Problems of Journalistic Texts from English into Kurdish Translation
Authors: Qadir Avin Nadir , Ali Wrya I.
Published: November 2023

The study focuses on the cultural– specific problems came across in the process of translating journalistic texts from English into Kurdish. Mainly and from the translator's viewpoint, one of the most difficult tasks is dealing with metaphors and allusions which are culturally specific. The study involves a quantitative method. The most common issues in the journalistic translation among all the types of cultural challenges are to be tackled. The present study focuses on English-Kurdish translation of journalistic texts. To achieve the aims of the study a questionnaire is designed for the translators and college teachers who have taught and worked as translators. For the purpose of analysis, examples will be widely selected to reflect the issue under discussion. The study findings exposed that translators face difficulties in translating cultural aspects and item like; Proverbs, colloquial words and expressions, collocations, Religion, gender terms, and politics etc.
Exploring the Inevitability of Death in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's The Cry of the Children' Poem
Authors: Alwan Dheyaa Ramadhan
Published: November 2023

The Cry of the Children is one of the significant poems written by the Victorian poetess Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In this poem, the poetess protested an industrial society that employed children as an industrial workers. She showed the social realities of the era where women and children were inferior individualities. Because of the Industrial Revolution, poverty, unemployment, diseases and death increased. What’s more the death of the children increased rapidly. The poetess through this poem expressed the situation of those children who worked in factories and mines. Thus, this paper tries to examine briefly the Victorian period in which Elizabeth Barrett Browning tried to put her poetic voice. It also focuses on her poetic career and individuality as a female poet and her place in social and public sphere. Furthermore, this paper tries to analyze the aspect of death in the poem The Cry of the Children.
Feminist Criticism: A Comparison between Jane Austen’s “Emma” and Shashi Deshpande’s “That Long Silence” (Critical study)
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Mohammed Nasif , Lateef Waad Adil
Published: November 2023

The Present paper discusses” Feminist Critique” and” gynocritique” in Jane Austen’s ”Emma” and Shashi’s “That Long Silence”, which are Feminist Criticism. It compares and contrasts the two novels in accordance with Feminism. The objective of the comparison is find out the similarities and differences in two novels’ style between English novel and Indian novel. The study applies the theory of Feminist to analyze the concepts feminist critique and Gynocritique are the two important varieties of feminist criticism.The research Problem is the suffering of women under the dominance of the men. The study Hypothesizes that female are subordinated position to Male. The findings show that two novelists raise the status of women through their work, they convey the idea to the reader that women are equal to men.