bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Round-Robin on Stress Corrosion Crack Initiation of Alloy 600 Material in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water
Authors: Meadows P.J. , Andresen P.L. , Toloczko M.B. , Kuang W.-J. , Ritter S. , Bjurman M. , Zhang L. , Ernestova M. , Toivonen A. , Perosanz-Lopez F. , Stairmand J.W. , Mottershead K.J.
Published: May 2020

The International Cooperative Group on Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Water Reactor Materials coordinated an international “Round-Robin” collaboration of 10 laboratories on stress corrosion crack (SCC) initiation in three heats of cold-worked Alloy 600 in high-temperature water. The various laboratories were able to produce good quality experimental crack initiation data, and the Round-Robin exercise highlighted the benefits in generating a significant body of data when assessing the susceptibility of a material to SCC. The compilation of data from multiple laboratories using common test techniques greatly assists the understanding of the material variability and gives confidence in the reliability of the results.
A transcodificação numérica em crianças com indícios de discalculia do desenvolvimento
Authors: Avila Lanúzia Almeida Brum , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados advindos de uma pesquisa de Mestrado sobre o desempenho de crianças com indícios de Discalculia do Desenvolvimento, utilizando-se como um dos instrumentos para a avaliação, o Teste de Transcodificação. O objetivo é analisar a repotencialização de habilidades matemáticas relacionadas à transcodificação numérica - TN, após o período de intervenções psicopedagógicas. A pesquisa ocorreu em dois momentos: a avaliação de 13 crianças com idades entre 9 e 12 anos e reavaliação das crianças, após o período de 10 sessões de intervenções. Para analisar os resultados obtidos, seguiu-se o indicado pela literatura do teste e realizou-se o Teste t de Student. A partir dos resultados numéricos, gráficos e tabelas foram construídos com a pretensão de ilustrar as variações no desempenho em relação às habilidades de cada uma das crianças.  Após a análise do pós-teste, verifica-se que, de modo geral, as crianças apresentaram melhoras.
A aprendizagem para a pesquisa em um grupo PIBID/Química
Authors: Ribas Jeferson Ferreti , Broietti Fabiele Cristiane Dias
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo que investigou a aprendizagem para a pesquisa em um grupo PIBID/Química, no qual foram analisados os registros das falas de seus membros presentes em um acervo de 31 Memórias. Para análise e interpretação dos dados, pautou-se nos procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva e a aprendizagem para a pesquisa foi caracterizada por meio dos Focos da Aprendizagem para a Pesquisa que constituem 6 categorias que apontam evidências necessárias à formação de um pesquisador: Interesse, Conhecimento, Metodologia, Criatividade, Comunidade e Identidade. Mediante a análise realizada, percebemos que a aprendizagem para a pesquisa, neste grupo, aconteceu principalmente por meio da apropriação de referenciais teóricos das áreas de Educação e Ensino de Ciências e na interação dos membros em comunidades de pesquisa, com destaque para a elaboração e a disseminação de trabalhos científicos em congressos e periódicos da área, o que corresponde aos Focos Conhecimento e Comunidade, respectivamente
Jogos de linguagem na educação do campo: cotidiano e matemática na visão de professores do campo
Authors: Teixeira Junior Valdomiro Pinheiro
Published: May 2020

A contextualização a partir do cotidiano é defendida por documentos e referenciais teóricos da Educação Matemática e associada aos princípios da Educação do Campo, por se considerar que ela oferece sentido e permite valorizar a realidade dos estudantes. No entanto, a segunda filosofia de Wittgenstein aponta que realidades diferentes são jogos de linguagens que possuem no máximo semelhanças e não uma relação imediata. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa buscou perceber as relações que os professores de matemática de uma escola do campo fazem entre as realidades da matemática formal e do cotidiano. Os professores apontam problemas em suas formações, tanto com relação ao conteúdo, quanto em discussões sobre contextualização, que surge mais como um discurso. Mas para além do discurso é possível perceber em falas dos professores que estes entendem que alguns conteúdos são de difícil contextualização, mas nem por isso devem ser preteridos.
Anthropogenic and volcanic point source SO2 emissions derived from TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5 Precursor: first results
Authors: Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris A. , Griffin Debora , Theys Nicolas , Loyola Diego G. , Hedelt Pascal , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Li Can
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The paper introduces the first TROPOMI-based sulfur dioxide (SO2)
emissions estimates for point sources. A total of about 500 continuously
emitting point sources releasing about 10 kt yr−1 to more than 2000 kt yr−1 of SO2, previously identified from Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations, were analyzed using TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument)
measurements for 1 full year from April 2018 to March 2019. The annual
emissions from these sources were estimated and compared to similar
estimates from OMI and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) measurements.
Note that emissions from many of these 500 sources have declined significantly
since 2005, making their quantification more challenging. We were able to
identify 274 sources where annual emissions are significant and can be
reliably estimated from TROPOMI. The standard deviations of TROPOMI vertical
column density data, about 1 Dobson unit (DU, where 1 DU =2.69×1016 molecules cm−2) over the tropics and 1.5 DU over high
latitudes, are larger than those of OMI (0.6–1 DU) and OMPS (0.3–0.4 DU). Due
to its very high spatial resolution, TROPOMI produces 12–20 times more
observations over a certain area than OMI and 96 times more than OMPS.
Despite higher uncertainties of individual TROPOMI observations, TROPOMI
data averaged over a large area have roughly 2–3 times lower
uncertainties compared to OMI and OMPS data. Similarly, TROPOMI annual
emissions can be estimated with uncertainties that are 1.5–2 times lower
than the uncertainties of annual emissions estimates from OMI. While there
are area biases in TROPOMI data over some regions that have to be removed
from emission calculations, the absolute magnitude of these are modest,
typically within ±0.25 DU, which can be comparable with SO2 values
over large sources.
New particle formation and sub-10 nm size distribution measurements during the A-LIFE field experiment in Paphos, Cyprus
Authors: Brilke Sophia , Fölker Nikolaus , Müller Thomas , Kandler Konrad , Gong Xianda , Peischl Jeff , Weinzierl Bernadett , Winkler Paul M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric particle size distributions were measured in
Paphos, Cyprus, during the A-LIFE (absorbing aerosol layers in a
changing climate: ageing, lifetime and dynamics) field experiment
from 3 to 30 April 2017. The newly developed differential
mobility analyser train (DMA-train) was deployed for the
first time in an atmospheric environment for the direct measurement of the
nucleation mode size range between 1.8 and 10 nm diameter. The DMA-train
set-up consists of seven size channels, of which five are set to fixed
particle mobility diameters and two additional diameters are obtained by
alternating voltage settings in one DMA every 10 s. In combination with a
conventional mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS) and an aerodynamic
particle sizer (APS) the complete atmospheric aerosol size distribution from
1.8 nm to 10 µm was covered. The focus of the A-LIFE study was to
characterize new particle formation (NPF) in the eastern Mediterranean
region at a measurement site with strong local pollution sources. The nearby
Paphos airport was found to be a large emission source for nucleation mode
particles, and we analysed the size distribution of the airport emission
plumes at approximately 500 m from the main runway. The analysis yielded nine
NPF events in 27 measurement days from the combined analysis of the
DMA-train, MPSS and trace gas monitors. Growth rate calculations were
performed, and a size dependency of the initial growth rate (<10 nm)
was observed for one event case. Fast changes of the sub-10 nm size
distribution on a timescale of a few minutes were captured by the
DMA-train measurement during early particle growth and are discussed in a
second event case. In two cases, particle formation and growth were detected
in the nucleation mode size range which did not exceed the 10 nm threshold.
This finding implies that NPF likely occurs more frequently than estimated
from studies where the lower nanometre size regime is not covered by the
size distribution measurements.
Microwave and submillimeter wave scattering of oriented ice particles
Authors: Brath Manfred , Ekelund Robin , Eriksson Patrick , Lemke Oliver , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Microwave (1–300 GHz) dual-polarization
measurements above 100 GHz are so far sparse, but they
consistently show polarized scattering signals of ice clouds. Existing
scattering databases of realistically shaped ice crystals for microwaves
and submillimeter waves (>300 GHz) typically assume total
random orientation, which cannot explain the polarized signals. Conceptual
models show that the polarization signals are caused by oriented ice
particles. Only a few works that consider oriented ice crystals exist,
but they are limited to microwaves only. Assuming azimuthally randomly
oriented ice particles with a fixed but arbitrary tilt angle, we produced
scattering data for two particle habits (51 hexagonal plates and
18 plate aggregates), 35 frequencies between 1
and 864 GHz, and 3 temperatures (190, 230
and 270 K). In general, the scattering data of azimuthally randomly
oriented particles depend on the incidence angle and two
scattering angles, in contrast to total random orientation, which depends
on a single angle. The additional tilt angle further increases the
complexity. The simulations are based on the discrete dipole approximation
in combination with a self-developed orientation averaging approach.
The scattering data are publicly available from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463003).
This effort is also an essential part of preparing for the upcoming
Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) that will perform polarized observations at
243 and 664 GHz. Using our scattering data
radiative transfer simulations with two liquid hydrometeor species
and four frozen hydrometeor species of polarized Global
Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) observations at 166 GHz
were conducted. The simulations recreate the observed polarization
patterns. For slightly fluttering snow and ice particles, the simulations
show polarization differences up to 11 K using plate aggregates
for snow, hexagonal plates for cloud ice and totally randomly oriented
particles for the remaining species. Simulations using strongly fluttering
hexagonal plates for snow and ice show similar polarization signals.
Orientation, shape and the hydrometeor composition affect the polarization.
Ignoring orientation can cause a negative bias for vertically polarized
observations and a positive bias for horizontally polarized observations.
Modelling dynamic interactions between soil structure and the storage and turnover of soil organic matter
Authors: Meurer Katharina Hildegard Elisabeth , Chenu Claire , Coucheney Elsa , Herrmann Anke Marianne , Keller Thomas , Kätterer Thomas , Nimblad Svensson David , Jarvis Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Models of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and turnover can be useful tools to analyze the effects of soil and crop management practices and climate change on soil organic carbon stocks. The aggregated structure of soil is known to protect SOC from decomposition, and thus influence the potential for long-term sequestration. In turn, the turnover and storage of SOC affects soil aggregation, physical and hydraulic properties and the productive capacity of soil. These interactions have not yet been explicitly considered in modelling approaches. In this study, we present and describe a new model of the dynamic feedbacks between SOM storage and soil physical properties (porosity, pore size distribution, bulk density and layer thickness). A sensitivity analysis was first performed to understand the behaviour of the model. The identifiability of model parameters was then investigated by calibrating the model against a synthetic data set. This analysis revealed that it would not be possible to unequivocally estimate all of the model parameters from the kind of data usually available in field trials. Based on this information, the model was tested against measurements of bulk density and SOC concentration, as well as limited data on soil water retention and soil surface elevation, made during 63 years in a field trial located near Uppsala (Sweden) in three treatments with different OM inputs (bare fallow, animal and green manure). The model was able to accurately reproduce the changes in SOC, soil bulk density, surface elevation and soil water retention curves observed in the field. Treatment-specific variations in SOC dynamics caused by differences in OM input quality could be simulated very well by modifying the value for the OM retention coefficient ε (0.37 for animal manure and 0.14 for green manure). The model approach presented here may prove useful for management purposes, for example, in an analysis of carbon sequestration or soil degradation under land use and climate change.
Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world
Authors: Ghajarnia Navid , Destouni Georgia , Thorslund Josefin , Kalantari Zahra , Åhlén Imenne , Anaya-Acevedo Jesús A. , Blanco-Libreros Juan F. , Borja Sonia , Chalov Sergey , Chalova Aleksandra , Chun Kwok P. , Clerici Nicola , Desormeaux Amanda , Garfield Bethany B. , Girard Pierre , Gorelits Olga , Hansen Amy , Jaramillo Fernando , Jarsjö Jerker , Labbaci Adnane , Livsey John , Maneas Giorgos , McCurley Pisarello Kathryn , Palomino-Ángel Sebastián , Pietroń Jan , Price René M. , Rivera-Monroy Victor H. , Salgado Jorge , Sannel A. Britta K. , Seifollahi-Aghmiuni Samaneh , Sjöberg Ylva , Terskii Pavel , Vigouroux Guillaume , Licero-Villanueva Lucia , Zamora David
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Geography and associated hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use
conditions and their changes determine the states and dynamics of wetlands
and their ecosystem services. The influences of these controls are not
limited to just the local scale of each individual wetland but extend over
larger landscape areas that integrate multiple wetlands and their total
hydrological catchment – the wetlandscape. However, the data and knowledge
of conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are still scarce,
limiting the capacity to accurately understand and manage critical wetland
ecosystems and their services under global change. We present a new
Wetlandscape Change Information Database (WetCID), consisting of geographic,
hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use information and data for 27
wetlandscapes around the world. This combines survey-based local information
with geographic shapefiles and gridded datasets of large-scale hydroclimate
and land-use conditions and their changes over whole wetlandscapes.
Temporally, WetCID contains 30-year time series of data for mean monthly
precipitation and temperature and annual land-use conditions. The
survey-based site information includes local knowledge on the wetlands,
hydrology, hydroclimate and land uses within each wetlandscape and on the
availability and accessibility of associated local data. This novel database
(available through PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907398; Ghajarnia
et al., 2019) can support site assessments; cross-regional comparisons; and
scenario analyses of the roles and impacts of land use, hydroclimatic and
wetland conditions, and changes in whole-wetlandscape functions and ecosystem
services.
A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity
Authors: Duveiller Gregory , Filipponi Federico , Walther Sophia , Köhler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Guanter Luis , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) retrieved from satellite spectrometers can be a highly valuable proxy for photosynthesis. The SIF signal is very small and notoriously difficult to measure, requiring sub-nanometre spectral-resolution measurements, which to date are only available from atmospheric spectrometers sampling at low spatial resolution. For example, the widely used SIF dataset derived from the GOME-2 mission is typically provided in 0.5∘ composites. This paper presents a new SIF dataset based on GOME-2 satellite observations with an enhanced spatial resolution of 0.05∘ and an 8 d time step covering the period 2007–2018. It leverages on a proven methodology that relies on using a light-use efficiency (LUE) modelling approach to establish a semi-empirical relationship between SIF and various explanatory variables derived from remote sensing at higher spatial resolution. An optimal set of explanatory variables is selected based on an independent validation with OCO-2 SIF observations, which are only sparsely available but have a high accuracy and spatial resolution. After bias correction, the resulting downscaled SIF data show high spatio-temporal agreement with the first SIF retrievals from the new TROPOMI mission, opening the path towards establishing a surrogate archive for this promising new dataset. We foresee this new SIF dataset becoming a valuable asset for Earth system science in general and for monitoring vegetation productivity in particular. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.2905/21935FFC-B797-4BEE-94DA-8FEC85B3F9E1
(Duveiller et al., 2019).
Development of the MIROC-ES2L Earth system model and the evaluation of biogeochemical processes and feedbacks
Authors: Hajima Tomohiro , Watanabe Michio , Yamamoto Akitomo , Tatebe Hiroaki , Noguchi Maki A. , Abe Manabu , Ohgaito Rumi , Ito Akinori , Yamazaki Dai , Okajima Hideki , Ito Akihiko , Takata Kumiko , Ogochi Koji , Watanabe Shingo , Kawamiya Michio
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This article describes the new Earth system model (ESM), the Model for
Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, Earth System version 2 for Long-term
simulations (MIROC-ES2L), using a state-of-the-art climate model as the
physical core. This model embeds a terrestrial biogeochemical component with
explicit carbon–nitrogen interaction to account for soil nutrient control
on plant growth and the land carbon sink. The model's ocean biogeochemical
component is largely updated to simulate the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,
nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and oxygen such that oceanic primary
productivity can be controlled by multiple nutrient limitations. The ocean
nitrogen cycle is coupled with the land component via river discharge
processes, and external inputs of iron from pyrogenic and lithogenic sources
are considered. Comparison of a historical simulation with observation
studies showed that the model could reproduce the transient global climate
change and carbon cycle as well as the observed large-scale spatial patterns
of the land carbon cycle and upper-ocean biogeochemistry. The model
demonstrated historical human perturbation of the nitrogen cycle through
land use and agriculture and simulated the resultant impact on the
terrestrial carbon cycle. Sensitivity analyses under preindustrial
conditions revealed that the simulated ocean biogeochemistry could be
altered regionally (and substantially) by nutrient input from the atmosphere
and rivers. Based on an idealized experiment in which CO2 was
prescribed to increase at a rate of 1 % yr−1, the transient climate
response (TCR) is estimated to be 1.5 K, i.e., approximately 70 % of that from
our previous ESM used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5
(CMIP5). The cumulative airborne fraction (AF) is also reduced by 15 %
because of the intensified land carbon sink, which results in an airborne
fraction close to the multimodel mean of the CMIP5 ESMs. The transient
climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) is 1.3 K EgC−1,
i.e., slightly smaller than the average of the CMIP5 ESMs, which suggests
that “optimistic” future climate projections will be made by the model.
This model and the simulation results contribute to CMIP6. The MIROC-ES2L
could further improve our understanding of climate–biogeochemical
interaction mechanisms, projections of future environmental changes, and
exploration of our future options regarding sustainable development by
evolving the processes of climate, biogeochemistry, and human activities in
a holistic and interactive manner.
On the suitability of general-purpose finite-volume-based solvers for the simulation of atmospheric-boundary-layer flow
Authors: Giacomini Beatrice , Giometto Marco G.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In the present work, the quality and reliability of a general-purpose second-order-accurate Finite-Volume-based (FV) solver are assessed in wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of a neutrally-stratified Atmospheric-Boundary-Layer (ABL) flow with no Coriolis effects. The sensitivity of the solution to parameters such as grid resolution and aspect ratio is analyzed, and results are contrasted against those from a well-proven mixed Pseudo-Spectral and Finite-Difference (PSFD) code. Considered flow statistics include mean streamwise velocity, resolved Reynolds stress, turbulence intensities, skewness, kurtosis, spectra and spatial autocorrelations. It is found that first- and second-order velocity statistics are sensitive to the grid resolution and to the details of the near-wall numerical treatment, and a general improvement is observed with horizontal grid refinement. Higher-order statistics, spectra and autocorrelations of the streamwise velocity, on the contrary, are consistently mispredicted, regardless of the grid resolution. Skewness and kurtosis of the streamwise velocity, for instance, are overpredicted in the surface layer, whereas one-dimensional spectra feature a strong sensitivity to the grid resolution in the production range and a rapid decay of energy density at higher wavenumber. In addition, the typical signatures of Large-Scale Motions (LSMs) are absent in the premultiplied streamwise velocity spectra, the spatial autocorrelation functions rapidly decay along both the streamwise and spanwise coordinate directions, and instantaneous snapshots of the velocity field are populated by relatively short and thin streaks, confirming that the flow lacks LSMs. Further, the dominant mechanism supporting the tangential Reynolds stress in ABL flow – spanwise-paired sweeps and ejections– is much weaker than what commonly observed in ABL flows, ejections are severely underpredicted, and sweeps account for most of the tangential Reynolds stress in the surface layer, which is at odds with available measurements and with corresponing results from the PSFD-based solver. The inability of the solver to correctly capture the spatially-localized and relatively strong ejection events, in the authors’ opinion, is the root-canse of many of the observed mismatches and sensitivity of flow statistics to grid resolution. The present findings show that truncation errors have an overwhelming impact on the predictive capabilities of second-order-accurate FV-based solvers, introducing a degree of uncertainty in model results that may be difficult to quantify across applications involving boundary-layer flows. Although mean flow and second-order statistics become acceptable provided sufficient grid resolution, the use of said solvers might prove problematic for studies requiring accurate higher-order statistics, velocity spectra and turbulence topology.
Sensitivity of ice sheet surface velocity and elevation to variations in basal friction and topography in the Full Stokes and Shallow Shelf Approximation frameworks
Authors: Cheng Gong , Kirchner Nina , Lötstedt Per
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Predictions of future mass loss from ice sheets are afflicted with uncertainty, caused, among others, by insufficient understanding of spatio-temporally variable processes at the inaccessible base of ice sheets for which few direct observations exist and of which basal friction is a prime example. Here, we use an inverse modeling approach and the associated time-dependent adjoint equations, derived in the framework of a Full Stokes model and a Shallow Shelf/Shelfy Stream Approximation model, respectively, to determine the sensitivity of ice sheet surface velocities and elevation to perturbations in basal friction and basal topography. Analytical and numerical examples are presented showing the importance of including the time dependent kinematic free surface equation for the elevation and its adjoint, in particular for observations of the elevation. A closed form of the analytical solutions to the adjoint equations is given for a two dimensional vertical ice in steady state under the Shallow Shelf Approximation. There is a delay in time between a perturbation at the ice base and the observation of the change in elevation. A perturbation at the base in the topography has a direct effect in space at the surface above the perturbation and a perturbation in the friction is propagated directly to the surface in time. Perturbations with long wavelength and low frequency will propagate to the surface while those of short wavelength and high frequency are damped.
Estimating Parameters in a Sea Ice Model using an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Yong-Fei , Bitz Cecilia M. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Collins Nancy S. , Hoar Timothy J. , Raeder Kevin D. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Uncertain or inaccurate parameters in sea ice models influence seasonal predictions and climate change projections in terms of both mean and trend. We explore the feasibility and benefits of applying an Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to estimate parameters in the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE). Parameter estimation (PE) is applied to the highly influential dry snow grain radius and combined with state estimation in a series of perfect model observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Allowing the parameter to vary in space improves performance along the sea ice edge compared to requiring the parameter to be uniform everywhere. We compare experiments with both PE and state estimation to experiments with only the latter and found that the benefits of PE mostly occur after the DA period, when no observations are available to assimilate (i.e., the forecast period), which suggests PE’s relevance for improving seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice.
Utilizing Physics-Based Input Features within a Machine Learning Model to Predict Wind Speed Forecasting Error
Authors: Vassallo Daniel , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Fernando Harindra J. S.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Machine learning is quickly becoming a commonly used technique for wind speed and power forecasting. Many of these methods utilize exogenous variables as input features, but there remains the question of which atmospheric variables provide the most predictive power, especially in handling non-linearities that lead to forecasting error. This investigation addresses this question via creation of a hybrid model that utilizes an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to make an initial wind speed forecast followed by a random forest model that attempts to predict the ARIMA forecasting error using knowledge of exogenous atmospheric variables. Variables conveying information about atmospheric stability and turbulence as well as inertial forcing are found to be useful in dealing with non-linear error prediction. Wind direction (θ) and temperature (T) are found to be the most beneficial individual input features. Streamwise wind speed (U), time of day (t), turbulence intensity (TI), turbulent heat flux (w'T'), θ, and T are found to be particularly useful when used in conjunction.The prediction accuracy of the ARIMA-RF hybrid is compared to that of the persistence and bias-corrected ARIMA models. The ARIMA-RF model is shown to improve upon these commonly employed modeling methods, reducing hourly forecasting error by approximately 30 % below that of the bias-corrected ARIMA model.
Co-Inoculation by Spraying on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Vegetative Phase
Authors: Toniato Gustavo De Souza , Aguilar Álvaro Andrade Baena , Monteiro Pedro Henrique Riboldi , Rivadavea Wesley Ribeiro , Lima Juliane Destro de , Alberton Odair , Da Silva Glacy Jaqueline
Published: May 2020

The use of inoculants revolutionized the soybean production system, increasing grain production, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, and costs. The inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the co-inoculation with more than one type of microorganisms are recommended directly in the seed or in the planting furrow, with high efficiency, bringing beneficial results related to the increase in the number of nodules and improvements in the physiology of the soybean plants. In order to increase productivity bringing new methods of using these microorganisms, this study aimed to evaluate the development of soybean culture under co-inoculation by spraying with Azospirilum brasilense and B. japonicum was carried out, in the vegetative stage. One field experiment was conducted from September to January, harvest of 2018/2019, in the commercial area under no-tillage. The evaluated treatments were: Control (C) without microorganisms; T1 (6x108 mL-1 of A. brasilense and 0 of B. japonicum); T2 (6x108 mL-1 of A. brasilense and 6x109 mL-1 of B. japonicum); T3 (12x108 mL-1 of A. brasilense and 0 of B. japonicum); and T4 (12x108 mL-1 of A. brasilense and 12x109 mL-1 of B. japonicum). The results showed that there was an increase in the number and matter of nodules, plant height, number of pods and grains in the T4 treatment, showing a significant difference mainly in relation to the control. It was concluded that co-inoculation with B. japonicum and A. brasilense by spraying in the vegetative stage proved to be efficient, demonstrating the potential use of this technique.
O início do relacionamento amoroso sob a perspectiva da moralidade: estudo comparativo entre mulheres de duas gerações
Authors: Moraes Tatiana Machado , Ortega Antonio Carlos , Alencar Heloisa Moulin de , Galvão Jussara Abilio
Published: May 2020

Investigamos, sob a perspectiva da moralidade, as possíveis diferenças nos discursos de mulheres que viviam em conjugalidade, em períodos distintos, (1993 e 2013) sobre como conheceram seus parceiros e os motivos para decidirem iniciar um relacionamento amoroso com eles. Foram entrevistadas 15 mulheres em 1993, e outras 15, em 2013, de 20 a30 anos, sem filhos, e de classe média. Priorizamos uma análise qualitativa dos dados, de acordo com o proposto por Delval (2002), e posteriormente realizamos comparação entre os dois grupos. Por meio dos resultados, verificamos que as mulheres entrevistadas no passado tendem a enfatizar os próprios sentimentos em relação ao parceiro ao decidir pelo relacionamento, enquanto as do presente priorizam as qualidades do companheiro que favorecem a boa convivência e que se aproximam de valores morais. Ademais, a decisão baseada em virtudes morais aumentou nas justificativas das mulheres entrevistadas no presente, contudo foi pouco mencionada se comparada a frequência de outras justificativas. Consideramos que o presente estudo é relevante no que tange ao levantamento de novos conhecimentos sobre a escolha amorosa e sua relação com a moralidade, e ainda pode contribuir para elaboração de propostas de intervenção que visem a construção de relações respeitosas.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Do Carmo Marwin Machay Indio do Brasil , Gilla Clarissa Garcia , Quiterio Patricia Lorena
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo foi investigar o processo da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência (PCD) no mercado de trabalho brasileiro averiguando os motivos do envolvimento de empresas na contratação destas pessoas, a relação entre o discurso de inclusão e a aplicação da Lei de nº 8.213 e, a rotina desses funcionários no cotidiano da empresa. Para isso, um roteiro de entrevista foi enviado por meio digital à 162 empresas clientes de uma plataforma online de anúncio de vagas de emprego para PCD. As respostas apontaram que 75% das justificativas para a contratação de pessoas com deficiência se referem ao cumprimento da cota exigida por lei de funcionários com deficiência. Constatou-se que nestas empresas os funcionários com deficiência ocupam uma parcela próxima a exigência mínima requerida pela lei. A análise do discurso indicou que esses dados refletem uma falta de confiança das empresas na capacidade produtiva das PCD. Conclui-se que o amparo legal por si só não é suficiente para a inclusão da PCD no mercado de trabalho, é preciso que as empresas se empenhem na promoção de ajustes ambientais e atitudinais em favor das PCD.
Funcionamento patológico da personalidade para predição da depressão, qualidade de vida e esperança
Authors: Gonçalves André Pereira , Pimentel Ruam Pedro Francisco de Assis , Carvalho Lucas De Francisco
Published: May 2020

Estudos prévios apontam que níveis mais severos da personalidade (isto é, funcionamentos patológicos da personalidade – FPP) se associam com maior presença de sintomas depressivos, baixa qualidade de vida e esperança. Entretanto, não foram observados estudos utilizando conjuntamente essas três variáveis em um modelo focado no FPP. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade preditiva dos níveis de FPP sobre qualidade de vida (QV), esperança e depressão. Participaram 475 sujeitos que responderam: Inventário Dimensional Clínico versão triagem (IDCP-triagem), Escala Baptista de depressão versão triagem (EBADEP-A-triagem), WHOQOL-Bref e Escala de Esperança de Herth (EEH). Por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais, indicadores de depressão foram positivamente preditos pelo FPP, enquanto os de QV e esperança foram negativamente preditos, tal qual as hipóteses do estudo. Estes achados demonstram a alta capacidade preditiva do FPP sobre depressão, QV e esperança. Na clínica, ao observar perfil que combine estas características pode ser indicado a necessidade da avaliação dos aspectos patológicos da personalidade.
Quantitative Minerological Analysis of Some Granite Rocks of Deoghar Jharkhand
Authors: Srivastava P.K. , Krishna A.P. , Jawed Shadab , Sarkhel Pallavi
Published: May 2020

Crystalline minerals in granite rocks has been quantatively analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope supported with Energy Dispersed Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). SEM microphotograph reveals that rock is dominated by brightly illuminated quartz imbedded in the matrix with mica and other minor minerals. The X-ray mineral composition data have been plotted with SEM-EDS mineral composition, data shows that the composition obtained by two technique are in consistent within the experimental limit and in good agreement. Further plot of chemical composition of constituent oxides of granite sample by XRD and SEM-EDS confirm the consistency of two technique and similarity with Jharkhand mean granite composition. Silica composition have been plotted with trace element Pb, Ba, Zr, Rb, and Alumina composition with Pb , Ba, Zr and Rb shows that these elements are randomly imbedded in the matrix with almost uniform composition. Al2O 3 composition have been plotted with Ba, Pb, and Zr shows almost constant composition in all the five samples. Based on XRD and SEM-EDS results, it was reveals that granite sample from the study areas are peraluminius rocks composed of mainly quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, chlorite and albite.
Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) Flowers’ Drying Conditions for Optimum Extractable Pyrethrins Content
Authors: Otieno H. O. , Kariuki D. K. , Wanjohi J. M.
Published: May 2020

Pyrethrum flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium are grown in Kenya by small scale farmers for extraction of pyrethrins, a natural insecticide’s active ingredient. Pyrethrins are classified in two groups, Pyrethrins I and II, and are degradable when exposed to air, moisture and high temperatures. The contents and ratio of Pyrethrins I:II determine the efficacy of the insecticide. Therefore, drying of the pyrethrum flowers should be optimized in order to attain maximum extractable pyrethrins content and optimum ratio. The aim of this research was to optimize the drying temperatures, time and moisture content of pyrethrum flowers. The flowers were harvested and dried at varying temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC to total dryness. Another set of flowers were harvested and dried in the oven at the same temperatures for a maximum period of 18 hrs. Moisture content was determined at each temperature, at intervals of one hour. The dried flowers were then ground into fine powder and extracted using Soxhlet extraction method with hexane. The extracts were refined and analyzed by Mercury reduction and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic methods. Pyrethrum flowers were found to achieve maximum moisture loss, at varying times and temperature with 70 ºC recording the shortest time of 18 hrs. The yield of pyrethrins obtained on drying the flowers to constant weight at 40 ºC was 0.90% while drying for 18 hrs yielded 0.79%. Extractable Pyrethrins II were found to reduce by 8.6% when the drying temperature was raised from 50 to 60 ºC and by 11.3% from 60 to 70 ºC. Extractable Pyrethrins I were found to reduce by 6% when the drying temperature was raised from 50 to 60 ºC and by 5% from 60 to 70 ºC. The total pyrethrins obtained from the flowers dried at 50 ºC were found to be 1.37% at 18 hrs and 1.44% to constant weight drying. The pyrethrins I:II ratio was found to vary over the temperature range 40-70OC.The optimum temperature and time for drying pyrethrum flowers was found to be 50 ºC for 21 hrs.
Stand van zaken van het straf(proces)recht in Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten en op de BES-eilanden
Authors: Verbaan J.H.J.
Published: May 2020

Stand van zaken van het straf(proces)recht in Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten en op de BES-eilanden

De auteur bespreekt de status van de invoering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering in het Caribisch deel van het Koninkrijk. Hij bespreekt tevens de ontvangst van de reeds ingevoerde Wetboeken van Strafrecht en de strafrechtelijke uitvoeringswetgeving en gaat in op het nut en de noodzaak van een nieuw strafprocesrecht. De auteur bespreekt ook enige specifieke voorstellen in het beoogde Wetboek van Strafvordering en staat tot slot stil bij de effecten die het project Modernisering Strafvordering in Europees Nederland op die regelgeving heeft.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine
Authors: Butov D. , Lange C. , Heyckendorf J. , Kalmykova I. , Butova T. , Borovok N. , Novokhatskaya M. , Chesov D.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: To document the level of drug resistance in MDR-TB patients and to characterize management capacities for their medical care and MDR-TB treatment outcomes in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. This area has one of the highest frequencies of MDR-TB worldwide.METHODS:
A retrospective observational cohort study was performed on registry data from the regional anti-TB dispensary in Kharkiv. All microbiologically confirmed MDR-TB patients registered in 2014 were included. Diagnostic, treatment and post-treatment follow-up data were analysed.RESULTS:
Of 169 patients with MDR-TB, 55.0% had pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) or XDR resistant patterns. Rapid molecular diagnosis by GeneXpert and liquid M. tuberculosis cultures were only available for 66.9% and 56.8% of patients, respectively. Phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing
(DST) for high priority TB drugs (bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine) were not available. DST for later generation fluroquinolones was available only in 53.2% of patients. 50.9% of patients had less than 4 drugs in the treatment regimen proven to be effective by DST. More than 23.1% of patients
with MDR-TB failed their treatment and only 45.0% achieved a cure.CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of MDR-TB and poor MDR-TB treatment outcomes in the Kharkiv region, is associated with substantial shortages in rapid molecular and phenotypic DST, a lack of high priority MDR-TB drugs,
poor treatment monitoring and follow-up capacities.
Identity theft as a result of breach of personal data protection in the light of the GDPR, criminal laws and other legal regulations in the era of increasing cybercrime
Authors: Ryter Erwin
Published: May 2020

This paper is aimed to draw attention to the widespread problem of identity theft in virtual space as a result of increasing technological progress and the increasingly significant involvement of society in cyberspace, which has become an area not only of culture and entertainment, but also work space, as well as the space for ordinary daily activities where flow, disclosure and deliberate or unintentional transfer of personal data take place – unfortunately, often without any precautions. The multitude and diversity of both guidelines and other legal regulations suggest that the field of personal data protection and cyberspace security is highly evolving and deserves special attention in a time of intensive implementation of IT solutions; this field requires the highest possible degree of adaptation. Importantly, drawing attention to the path of identity theft, most often initiated by a simple human error or negligence, leads to the conclusion that raising awareness in this area is crucial and that as much attention as possible should be devoted to this issue.
The age of the juvenile offender as a basis for a presumption of legal possibility of incurring criminal liability in the light of the draft amendment to the Criminal Code of 2019
Authors: Fila Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

The Amending Act of the Penal Code of 2019 introduces legislative modifications, including in the scope of rules functioning in the area of criminal law of juvenile offenders for the crimes they committed. These changes were directed at increasing the repressiveness of actions against juvenile offenders, which is manifested in the introduction of an obligatory additional criminal law and a relatively mandatory premise to apply criminal liability in relation to the aforementioned group of perpetrators, which significantly limits the possibility of implementing the principle of accurate criminal law response in cases where the use of criminal law as an ultima ratio seems inadvisable. The indicated relationship is presented in the article through the prism of the theoretical and legal construction of the presumption of law, which combines facts related to the age of the perpetrator with the alleged facts of the culpability, and as a consequence the ability to incur criminal liability on the principles provided for in the code, at the expense of e.g. liability regulated in the Act on proceedings in juvenile rights. The author postulates that this relationship should be reversed, which appears as a legislative challenge that can significantly reduce the level of repressiveness of regulations contained in the Amending Act.
Sigmoid Volvulus Due Chagas Disease
Authors: Hugo García Orozco Víctor
Published: May 2020

American Trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by hematophagous vectors, occupies the fourth place as a cause of loss of potential years of life between infectious and parasitic diseases, and has an acute presentation form and chronic, in which it can present complications at cardiac and digestive levels, among others. The development of megacolon with subsequent development of volvulus is an important cause of acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction that requires urgent treatment, as it presents an axial rotation of the intestinal loop with obstruction in a closed loop and subsequent ischemia. According to the World Health Organization, there are between 16 and 18 million infected people in the world, of which the majority is located in Latin American territory, and it is estimated that approximately only 1% receives adequate diagnosis and complete treatment.
Contribution of Anaerobic Digestion Coupled with Algal System towards Zero Waste
Authors: Machineni Lakshmi , Aparna Rao R. , Gangagni Rao Anupoju
Published: May 2020

Global environmental protection is of immediate concern and it can only be achieved by avoiding the use of fossil fuels. In addition, waste disposal and management could be made remunerative through the generation of renewable energy so that sustainable development is ensured. India is an agriculture-based country, and paddy residues such as rice straw and rice husk are the largest agricultural wastes in India. Currently, the common practice to dispose paddy residues is through field burning, but this has adverse effects on the air quality and consequently on people’s health. However, utilization of lignocellulosic and non-food agricultural residues such as paddy residue for biogas generation by solid-stated anaerobic digestion (AD) is promising and this can substitute fossil fuels. Paddy residues for biogas production via AD has not been widely adopted because of its complex cell wall structure making it resistant to digestion by microbial attack. In addition, sequestration of carbon dioxide from biogas by algal biomass cultivated in an integrated algal bioreactor could be a promising option for biogas enrichment due to its unmatched advantages. This chapter presents the overview on utilization of non-edible residues for biogas production and its enrichment via algal biomass by means of circular bioeconomy.
Geochemistry of Radioactive Isotopes
Authors: Muhammad Awadh Salih
Published: May 2020

The chapter targeted the geochemistry of radioactive isotopes dealing with multidisciplinary topics and focusing on geochronology and tracer studies. The most common subjects are presented to include the basic principles of radioactive isotopes. The radioactive decay, the parent nuclide, the SI unit of radioactive decay as well as the historical discovery of radioactivity, the neutrons and protons in atomic nuclei, alpha and beta particles, gamma rays, electromagnetic radiation, decay and mode of decay, chain of decay, decay rates, decay timing, principle of dating, radiometric dating, isotope systems, the Rb/Sr System, the U, Th, Pb System, the age of the earth, Sm-Nd dating, K-Ar dating, 14Carbon dating, the geochron, all those were included overall.
Planning for Sustainable Tourism Based on Green Infrastructure: A Multiscale Methodology for Revitalizing Depopulated Rural Landscapes
Authors: Oliveira Fernandes Cláudia , Olivetti Giulia
Published: May 2020

The abandonment and decline of rural regions are conveying huge challenges to their planning and management. The extraordinary natural and cultural values the landscapes of these regions usually display, coupled with the growing need for urban populations to reconnect with nature, have led to an increased demand for these territories for tourism activities. However, the high sensibility of most of these landscapes requires that the promotion of tourism activities be well thought out and regulated. Therefore, it is necessary to devise strategies to implement a sustainable tourism that can boost the economy and secure the population and, simultaneously, protect the values in presence. In this chapter, a methodology is proposed that approaches the landscape planning from a multiscale perspective, based on (1) a macroanalysis grounded on green and blue infrastructures, (2) the delimitation of areas with distinct landscape character, (3) the identification and requalification of strategic microsites and links following a rural acupuncture concept, and (4) the implementation of a local sustainable tourism network that is expected to have a broad impact in the whole region. The applicability of the proposed methodology was tested in a case study in the north of Portugal, specifically in the Olo river basin.