bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de las actitudes del profesorado respecto a los temas CTS: nuevos avances metodológicos
Authors: Manassero Mas María Antonia , Vázquez A. , Acevedo Díaz José Antonio
Published: June 2021

Este estudio presenta un análisis de las actitudes del profesorado de ciencias hacia los temas de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (CTS) basados en la categorización del Cuestionario de Opiniones sobre CTS (COCTS) empleando nuevos procedimientos metodológicos. Éstos permiten aproximaciones más precisas al diagnóstico de las actitudes desde perspectivas cuantitativas y también cualitativas. Además el método es flexible, pues permite enfoques sobre objetos de actitud muy variados, como una cuestión singular, una dimensión CTS concreta que engloba varias cuestiones, diagnóstico de actitudes individuales y aplicaciones de estadística inferencial para contrastar hipótesis. La valoración global de los resultados confirma, con mayor profundidad y fiabilidad, la deficiente formación inicial en los temas CTS, a la vez que valida la nueva metodología y el progreso en la evaluación de estos temas. Finalmente, se aboga por una modificación de la formación del profesorado de ciencias, inicial y continua, que se ajuste más a las propuestas de innovación del movimiento CTS que inspiran las diversas reformas de la enseñanza de las ciencias en el mundo.
Cambio didáctico del profesorado de ciencias experimentales y filosofía de la ciencia
Authors: Mellado Jiménez Vicent
Published: June 2021

La comprensión de los procesos de cambio didáctico del profesorado, así como los aspectos que lo facilitan u obstaculizan, es uno de los temas más relevantes de la agenda internacional de investigación educativa, y un elemento esencial para planificar y llevar a cabo programas de formación inicial y permanente del profesorado. En el artículo revisamos las investigaciones sobre el cambio didáctico del profesorado de ciencias experimentales. Para organizar esta información establecemos una analogía con el proceso de cambio científico, según distintas teorías de la filosofía de la ciencia, analizando y valorando las aportaciones de los distintos modelos.
La enseñanza de física general en la universidad. Propuestas de investigación
Authors: Cravino José Paulo , Lopes J. Bernardino
Published: June 2021

El fracaso en la asignatura de Física General del primer año de las licenciaturas de Ciencias e Ingeniería es elevado en las universidades portuguesas. Sobre este problema existen muchos estudios que valoran factores no académicos. Existen tambien investigaciones sobre el apren­dizaje de física en la universidad que, sin embargo, abordan aspectos más específicos. El interés de esta investigación está puesto en la calidad del aprendizaje de Física General: cómo se puede evaluar y mejorar. Presentamos un marco teórico que sirve de fundamento a un conjunto de instrumentos de evaluación (evaluation toolbox)del aprendizaje. Este conjunto de instrumentos permite evaluar de forma extensiva -en varios cursos- y a la vez supervisar la calidad del aprendizaje de Física General mientras se imparte, de forma que se pueda incrementar la calidad de dicho aprendizaje.
Concepciones y creencias del profesorado de Secundaria sobre enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors: Gil Cuadra Francisco , Rico Romero Luis
Published: June 2021

La contribución de este trabajo consiste en describir y caracterizar las concepciones y creencias que sobre enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas mantienen los profesores de secundaria andaluces. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio que utiliza la técnica de encuesta (survey),por medio de la administración de un cuestionario cerrado a modo de escala de valoración sobre una muestra de la población que se estudia (N = 163). La elaboración del cuestionario cerrado de escala de valoración se apoya en la identificación empírica de los juicios de los profesores, la generación inductiva de un sistema de categorías teóricamente fundamentado para clasificar tales juicios y el control del proceso por expertos. Un estudio descriptivo de las valoraciones de los profesores establece el grado de aceptación de cada categoría. El análisis factorial de los datos permite detectar un factor general que establece la concepción que sustenta el profesorado sobre este tópico. El factor general se articula en dieciséis factores específicos, que muestran diversas creencias de los profesores.
La historia de la ciencia en los libros de texto : la(s) hipótesis de Avogadro
Authors: Muñoz Bello Rosa , Bertomeu Sánchez José Ramón
Published: June 2021

Se discuten algunas de las conclusiones de varios trabajos históricos recientes sobre Amedeo Avogadro y la teoría atómica del siglo XIX. A través de pequeños extractos de publicaciones famosas de Avogadro, se analizan las características principales de sus aportaciones a la teoría atómica del siglo xix. También se analizan los principales métodos de cálculo de pesos atómicos de esos años y se discute el papel de las ideas de Avogadro en este tema. Estas conclusiones se contrastan con la imagen que actualmente los libros de texto dan acerca de este autor. Finalmente, esta última comparación conduce a una discusión sobre el papel de la historia de la ciencia en los libros de texto.
Experimentació amb tecnologia ExAC des d'una orientació de l'ensenyament com a investigació
Authors: Soler Selva Vicent , Gras Martí Albert
Published: June 2021

Es proposa la integració d’experiments quantitatius en les classes de física o de química mitjançant l’experimentació assistida per calculadora gràfica (ExAC). Aquesta integració reforça el procés d’ensenyament-aprenentatge i encaixa amb l’orientació de l’ense­nyament com a investigació dirigida. S’insisteix en la conveniència de no separar allò que tradicionalment s’ha anomenat treball pràctic de la teoria i problemes, és a dir, d’harmonitzar en comptes d’atomitzar. Aquesta harmonització s’afavoreix orientant l’experimentació cap a dissenys senzills que permeten centrar l’atenció en l’ús d’idees més que no pas en el muntatge d’aparells complexos. S’hi donen alguns exemples concrets d’actuació en l’aula.
Visiones deformadas de la ciencia transmitidas por la enseñanza
Authors: Fernández Isabel , Gil D. , Carrascosa Alís Jaime , Cachapuz Antonio F. , Praia Joao
Published: June 2021

Numerosas investigaciones han mostrado que la enseñanza de las ciencias, incluso en el nivel universitario, apenas proporciona ocasión a los estudiantes de familiarizarse con las estrategias características del trabajo científico. Como consecuencia de ello las concepciones de los estudiantes, e incluso de los mismos profesores, acerca de la naturaleza de la ciencia no difieren de la visiones ingenuas adquiridas por impregnación social.En este trabajo se argumenta la importancia de estas visiones deformadas como uno de los principales obstáculos para la renovación de la enseñanza de las ciencias y se analiza la atención concedida por la investigación didáctica al conjunto de deformaciones y reduccionismos.
Construyendo significados en mecánica cuántica: Fundamentación y resultados de una propuesta innovadora para su introducción en el nivel universitario
Authors: Greca Ileana M. , Herscovitz Victoria E.
Published: June 2021

El rápido crecimiento de una tecnología basada en los principios de la mecánica cuántica torna imperioso el conocimiento de sus fundamentos por la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios. Siendo una de las mayores dificultades al estudiar estos temas la creación de la «nueva percepción» que la mecánica cuántica implica para el mundo microscópico, desarrollamos una unidad didáctica introductoria con un abordaje que denominamosfenomenológico-conceptual, con énfasis en las características cuánticas de los sistemas. La unidad incluyó discusiones conceptuales sobre tópicos como los de computación cuántica, efecto túnel, autointerferencia de una partícula, saltos cuánticos y la paradoja del gato de Schrodinger. Los resultados de la implementación de esta estrategia con tres grupos de estudiantes de ingeniería muestran que más de la mitad de los estudiantes participantes consiguieron una comprensión razonable de los conceptos discutidos.
Disonancias pedagógicas en la resolución de problemas de física: una propuesta para su superación de raíz vygotskiana
Authors: Neto Antonio José , Valente María Odete
Published: June 2021

Based on Vygotsky’s thinking, this paper aims at analysing the number of difficulties students usually experience when trying to cope with problem solving in physics. Both cognitive and metacognitive considerations and affective ones are explored. Some empirical evidence (both quantitative and qualitative), taken from a broad metacognitively oriented field study, is taken into account. The empirical part of this study was carried out in the field of physics, at two Portuguese high schools (tenth grade students), being supported by an experimental versus control design. The analysis of data seems to indicate significantly higher progress for the experimental pupils as compared with their control peers. Our claim that a metacognitively oriented approach might be a suitable means to overcome some of the pedagogical dissonances that typically affect problem solving in physics seems to have acquired considerable support.
Concepciones y razonamientos de expertos y aprendices sobre electrocinética: consecuencias para la enseñanza y la formación de profesores
Authors: Pontes Pedrajas Alfonso , Pro Bueno Antonio de
Published: June 2021

In this work we analyse the conceptions that the students of different degree of instruction use when they interpret and make predictions on the functioning of the electrical circuits, in various problematic situations. For this reason we have studied the evolution of such ideas, in different educational levels, from high school until the end their university studies. The obtained results have shown the existence of important differences of conceptual type between apprentices and experts and the persistence of numerous alternative conceptions in all the teaching levels, even in individuals who have finished their studies in the university and aspire to be physics teachers. Also we have observed that the students maintain a considerable degree of confidence in their personal conceptions and that this safety increases with the instruction level. On this base we have formulated, finally, some interesting implications for the teaching of the electrical circuits and the initial training of the secondary education teachers.
Física contemporánea en la escuela secundaria: una experiencia en el aula involucrando formación de profesores
Authors: Ostermann Fernanda , Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

In this paper we describe our experience in teaching two contemporary physics topics -elementary particles and superconductivity- at high school level. The experience was developed in two years, including topic selection, preparation of instructional materials, teacher training, and classroom implementation.
Interacción entre iguales y aprendizaje de conceptos científicos
Authors: Rodríguez Barreiro L. M. , Escudero Escorza Tomás
Published: June 2021

Throughout this article we try to present the first results of a wider research about the verbal intercourses which take place in small groups of students, and its relationship with the process of learning scientific concepts. The research has been done with secondary students, aged 15-16. They were working in real context on the solution of activities leading to the development of their alternative conceptions about energy. Here you have some of the conclusions obtained: 1) Their development towards more accurate concepts is wider when working in groups than working individually. 2) The actions of giving and receiving help and the following usage of that help have a clear and significative relationship with the fact of learning. 3) The pupils in homogeneous groups interact and learn more than those pupils in heterogeneous groups. Previous training in cooperative skills helps those students with less experience.
La cultura científica en la resolución de problemas en el laboratorio
Authors: Reigosa Castro Carlos Emilio , Jiménez Aleixandre María Pilar
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a case study in 2nd of BUP (10th grade) is discussed. Students are asked to solve an open-ended practical activity in Physics which involves the planning of an experimental design and taking a number of decisions in the process. The analysis of transcriptions in two small groups shows some of the difficulties which they experience, as well as their understanding of the roles assigned in the classroom.
Desarrollo de actitudes hacia el cuidado de la energía: experiencia en la formación de maestros
Authors: Raviolo A. , Siracusa P. , Herbel M.
Published: June 2021

To promote attitudes and actions towards energy conservation should be a basic goal in the science education.The present preliminary study attempts to evaluate the efficiency grade of a teaching proposal about energy saving carried out with preservice elementary teachers.Among the targets of this proposal we emphasize: 1) to enhance student’s knowledge about energy, 2) that they become aware of the energy problem and 3) to develop positive attitudes towards energy conservation.The attitudes were evaluated administering a Likert-type eleven-item test before the teaching proposal and a post-test five months after it finished. The initial outcomes were compared with a similar research with Northamerican pupils. A statistically meaning change of attitudes towards energy conservation was obtained.
Dificultades conceptuales y epistemológicas del profesorado en la enseñanza de los conceptos de "cantidad de sustancia" y de "mol"
Authors: Furió-Mas Carles , Azcona Rafael , Guisasola Aranzabal Jenaro
Published: June 2021

In this work we describe the origin and evolution of the meaning of «amount of substance» and mole concepts considering the contributions made by the History of Chemistry. Moreover, we state the serious disagreement on these concepts between Chemistry teachers’ present thought and the recommendations of the international scientific community. We also draw attention to the didactic implications these epistemological difficulties may have for the teaching of Chemistry.
Tirando del hilo de la madeja constructivista
Authors: Marín Martínez Nicolás , Solano Martínez Isabel , Jiménez Gómez Enrique
Published: June 2021

A bibliographical revision of those papers which deal specifically with the controversies and problems of construc­tivism in Science Education, has permitted us, to make an overview of the origins, bases and pedagogical proposals of the different ways of understanding constructivism. We then distinguished different levels about of knowledge that sustains or underlies the Science Education. These levels have allowed us to situate the principal constructivist movements, enabling us to then clarify and reflect on the future of Science Education.
Más allá del cambio conceptual : el aprendizaje de la ciencia como cambio representacional
Authors: Pozo Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2021

In this article we present some reflections on the cognitive changes that should happen in the students’ minds when they learn science, as well as on the didactic strategies that could foster such changes.
The space, the process and alternatives of education for human security
Authors: Pieczywok Andrzej
Published: June 2021

In the current reality of threats, the issue of education for security requires changes both in space and in the processes in which people participate. Recently, an increasing determination of man in the search for security can be observed. Almost every threat has secondary effects that are as dangerous as primary and can be a trigger for further unexpected events. Hence, there are many doubts and questions regarding the quality of education for human safety, skills in effective counteracting threats, etc. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the spaces, processes and alternative educational opportunities that can be better used in the environment of human residence.
Economic and military potential of the French 5th Republic as an instrument of the state security policy
Authors: Rytel-Baniak Ilona
Published: June 2021

The state security policy is determined by internal and external, objective and subjective conditions. Its conduct is subordinated to the pursuit of specific goals and protection of the state's interests with the use of appropriately selected means at its disposal. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the economic and military potential of the French Fifth Republic are the factors that determine the security policy of this state. While writing the article, the method of analyzing legal acts and the systemic method were used. The research conducted for this article shows that both the economic potential and the military factor significantly affect the directions of France's security policy. Nevertheless, the military factor, which until recently ranked first among all factors determining the choice of security policy, has now lost its importance in favor of regional cooperation in the field of security.
The impact of compliance with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol on short and long-term outcomes in patients after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Pisarska-Adamczyk Magdalena
Published: June 2021

Patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer are a special group of patients. Not only performed resections are extensive, but also the underlying disease significantly depletes regenerative capacities of the body. It is well known that every surgical procedure is associated with an injury, the size of which is proportional to the type and extent of the intervention. The size of surgical trauma in postoperative period is proportional to the increase in insulin resistance which delays convalescence and increases the risk of postoperative complications. Hence, for several years, a specific program had been developed and introduced to reduce trauma associated with the surgery and its adverse consequences. The use of a modern multimodal care protocol for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS) served this purpose. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of compliance to ERAS protocol on short-term results in a group of patients operated for colorectal cancer. In the next stage, it was checked whether it is possible to maintain high compliance of the protocol for a long time. Finally, I tried to determine the relationship between the compliance and distant oncological results. Consecutive patients with colon or rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic resection were included in the study. In all patients the 16-item ERAS protocol was applied. The use of ERAS protocol improves short-term results: accelerates convalescence, reduces morbidity and reduces the length of hospital stay. However, its impact on short-term results correlates with the level of protocol implementation. The higher compliance with the protocol, the better the short-term results. Maintaining a high level of implementation of the protocol is possible despite the slight decrease over time. However, this has no adverse effect on short-term results. The compliance with ERAS protocol seems to also affect long-term results. Low compliance with ERAS protocol, along with the higher stage of cancer and postoperative complications, is an independent factor worsening long-term survival.
The curious case of coronary cameral fistula with infective endocarditis: A rare harbinger of a common clinical entity
Authors: Agrawal Deepi P. , Joshi Abhishek S. , NM Sunay
Published: June 2021

Coronary cameral fistula is a rare entity characterized by an abnormal communication between coronary artery and a cardiac chamber. It is congenital and asymptomatic in the majority of patients. A 29-year-old male patient presented with fever and dyspnea for eight months. A coronary cameral fistula arising from the right coronary artery to the right atrium complicating with aortic valve endocarditis was detected on computed tomography angiography. The rarity of the condition and the nuanced complication led to very individualized course of treatment which was optimal for this patient.
Follow-up strategy with long-term veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for complicated severe acute respiratory distress related to COVID-19 and recovery of the lungs
Authors: Kırali Kaan , Erkılınç Atakan , Erdal Taşçı Ahmet , Mert Özgür Mustafa , Gecmen Gonca , Altınay Ece , Oğuş Halide , Vayvada Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all over the world, leading to viral pneumonia-complicating severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Although there is no proven definitive treatment yet, physicians use some assistive methods based on the previous epidemic viral acute respiratory distress syndrome experiences. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is one of them. In this report, we present one of the longest survived extracorporeal membrane oxygenation case (71 days) with COVID-19 infection and the pathology of the infected lung, with our veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation strategy.
Er kulturbegrebet danskfagets blinde vinkel?
Authors: Steffensen Tom , Kjeldsen Karna
Published: June 2021

Ifølge fagets formålsparagraf er en af kerneopgaverne i dansk »at udvikle elevernes personlige og kulturelle identitet«. Det står imidlertid ikke klart, hvad det mere præcist er, dette kulturbegreb dækker over. Spørgsmålet om, hvordan danskfagets kulturbegreb skal forstås, og hvilke kulturelle identiteter danskfaget skal udvikle, har især betydning for elever med sproglig og kulturel minoritetsbaggrund. Med afsæt i Basil Bernsteins uddannelsessociologi og en kritisk forståelse af literacybegrebet stiller vi derfor i artiklen skarpt på kulturbegrebets brug og betydninger i fagene dansk og dansk som andetsprog. Analysen er struktureret i to dele. I makroanalysen undersøger vi, hvilke forståelser af kultur og kulturelle identiteter der kommer til udtryk i de gældende læreplaner. I mikroanalysen søger vi gennem et casestudie af to dansk-tyrkiske elever i en 6. klasse viden om, hvordan og på hvilke måder elevernes sproglige og kulturelle baggrunde får betydning for såvel lærerens didaktiske valg som elevernes egne aflæsninger af deres muligheder i danskundervisningen. Artiklen konkluderer, at dansk­fagets kulturbegreb er et åbent tegn med indbyggede spændinger, idet kulturbetegnelsen både peger tilbage mod en nationalkulturel forståelse og ind i sprogvidenskabelige teorier om sproglig variabilitet. De to caseelever oplever på deres side en stærk grænse­dragning mellem deres primære kulturelle erfaringer og forudsætninger og skolens danskfag. Analysen viser også, hvordan de to elever anlægger forskellige strategier, der skal styrke deres position i undervisningen ud fra forsøg på henholdsvis tilpasning og modstand. Artiklen efterlyser et didaktisk sprog om kulturdimensionen i dansk og viser, hvordan den kritiske literacyforskning kan tilbyde relevante perspektiver.
Residency Education Reform Program in Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care: An Academic Reform Model
Authors: Dabbagh Ali , Gandomkar Roghayeh , Farzanegan Behrooz , Jaffari Alireza , Massoudi Nilofar , Mirkheshti Alireza , Moshari Mohammadreza , Nashibi Masoud , Razavi Seyed Sajad , Sezari Parissa , Tabashi Soodeh , Tajbakhsh Ardeshir , Vosoughian Maryam
Published: June 2021

Background: Reform in medical education is a basic process in every academic department, especially in residency programs. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the indices of education and research as part of the Medical Education Reform program (MERP) in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (DACC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) for four years. Methods: MERP in DACC, SBMU was designed and implemented as a modern academic reform model; different outcome measures in education and research were assessed to demonstrate the effects of the reform plan in academic improvements. Results: there were significant improvements regarding education indices (i.e., teaching methods, passing comprehensive exams, mentorship, assessment methods, faculty development, professionalism in medical education, integration in education, and crisis management) and research indices (targeted research activities, innovation in research approaches, increasing the impact of research). Conclusions: Based on the experiences of DACC, SBMU regarding clinical anesthesiology residency, reform could be achieved using painstaking plans and continuous efforts with tangible documented outcomes. Often, the management period is not durable, and these reforms require meticulous care to sustain.
Labial Cortical Bone Thickness in the Anterior Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafizadeh Marziyeh , Tehranchi Azita , Motamedian Saeed Reza
Published: June 2021

Context: The labial cortical bone may influence the outcomes of several treatments including fresh socket implant placement and orthodontic treatments. A thin labial plate may contribute to increased risks of periodontal consequences during dental procedures. Acknowledgment of the average values may guide clinicians to take particular considerations in making treatment decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the labial cortical bone thickness (LBT) in the anterior maxillary teeth. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to review the LBT in the anterior maxillary teeth to present the range of average LBT in the global population. Evidence Acquisition: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. English studies that measured the LBT in the maxillary anterior teeth using CT or CBCT scans were deemed relevant. Only studies performed on adult patients with a lack of periodontal disease were included. Results: A total of 49 studies were included. Mean LBT ranged 0.13 - 3.08, 0.29 - 4.2, and 0.36 - 4.5 mm in maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine, respectively. Expectedly, LBT was affected by the vertical level of the measurement point and increased toward the apex. In total, the LBT in the anterior maxilla ranged from 0.13 to 4.5 mm. In comparison with other populations, a relatively thin labial plate was evidenced in the Iranian populations. Conclusions: This study showed a wide range of LBT in the esthetic zone. A thin plate in the esthetic area necessitates caution in orthodontic treatments, particularly when tooth expansion or proclination is required. Additionally, wide ranges of reported values which are mostly under 2 mm, highlight the importance of CBCT acquisition before any fresh socket implant placement.
Influência das variações hidrometeorológicas na qualidade da água do baixo rio Itajaí-Mirim, município de Itajaí (SC)
Authors: Mafra Evandro Oscar , Werneck Eduardo , Tranker Viviane , Gomes Aline Pereira
Published: June 2021

The Itajaí-Mirim River located in Santa Catarina, in the region of the low estuary of the Itajaí-Açu River, is the place where most of the water supplied for consumption is consumed by the Municipalities of Itajaí and Navegantes, the São Roque catchment station. This study aims to analyze the water quality in the Itajaí-Mirim river before and after the implantation of the dam in the Itajaí-Mirim river, based on a monitoring of physical-chemical parameters. The collections described in this report were carried out at six sample points, from January to December 2007, with the purpose of physically and chemically characterizing the environment in the rectified channel and, also, in the original bed of Itajaí-Mirim. The parameters measured in situ serve to assess the general state of water quality at the time of sampling. The main parameters measured, four of them deserve special attention (pH, Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity) and the correlated environmental parameters were flow rate and precipitation. In general, depending on the main results obtained, the analyzed waters can be classified in Class 2 of fresh waters, according to the limit values of CONAMA Resolution No. 357/05, and for the sampled period, precipitation and flow influenced the water quality.
The Preservation of Chesapeake Bay Watercraft
Authors: Baker William A.
Published: June 2021

The logo for this Third Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium, the profile of a rakish sailing log canoe superimposed on that of a modern racing sloop, vividly illustrates the difference between the past and the present. Some might say good riddance to the past but there are many good reasons for trying to preserve something of our maritime heritage, not only the larger vessels such as the whaler Charles w. Morgan and the U. S. Corvette Constellation, but the smaller working watercraft as well. Although the Constellation was built in the Bay region, she was designed as a normal ocean-going ship for naval service; she has none of the unique features of Bay naval architecture hence is outside of the scope of this paper.

In the days of our grandfathers the Chesapeake Bay region was the home of a multitude of watercraft employed for a wide variety of pursuits from general freighting to crabbing. There were rams, pungies, schooners, sloops, bugeyes, brogans, canoes, bateaux, skiffs, and scows. Of the skiffs alone, it is said that fourteen different designs were recognized on the Bay.

While large numbers of these working boats and vessels have disappeared, it is only on Chesapeake Bay, of all the waters of the United States, that a fair variety of local watercraft can be found. Here there is still a chance of preserving for posterity more than isolated examples.
Hubungan antara struktur lanskap dan keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitoid: Sebuah model interaksi pada pertanaman kacang panjang
Authors:   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Syahidah Tazkiyatul , Rizali Akhmad ,   Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Prasetyo Lilik Budi ,   Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, IPB University, Pudjianto Pudjianto ,   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Buchori Damayanti ,   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
Published: June 2021

The structure of agricultural landscape, both of its composition and configuration can affect the presence of predators and parasitoids, and influence the effectiveness of biological control. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between landscape structure and the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids in long bean fields in Bogor, West Java. In total, six long bean fields were selected and quantified within a radius 500 m from long bean field. In each long bean field, Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled in a 50 m x 25 m plot using direct observation. The research result found 283 individuals of Hymenoptera parasitoids belong to 9 families and 31 species. Based on the Mantel test, the landscape structure did not affect the species composition of parasitoids in long bean. However, at class scale, landscape composition especially crop field and semi-natural habitat have an effect on parasitoid abundance. Agricultural landscape with higher patch number of crop fields tends to have higher parasitoid abundance. It indicates that landscape composition at class scale is more affected to Hymenoptera parasitoids than at landscape scale.
How to start a new research project: a guideline for thesis writers
Authors: Lueg Rainer
Published: June 2021

This paper suggests how to start a new research project. As such, it can be used as a guideline by less experienced thesis writers that are currently finishing their studies on the undergraduate, graduate, or postgraduate level. The basis for the suggestions are publications that link topically to research projects I have started during my theses, revised with co-authors, and published in journals, books, conference proceedings, or edited volumes.
NPD accounting: unveiling the potential through pragmatic constructivism
Authors: Laine Teemu , Suomala Petri , Nørreklit Hanne
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the potential value of accounting for the NPD managers and argues that accounting information could play a more versatile role in supporting managerial work in NPD that has been reported.  Besides providing facts, accounting may help managers identify their possibilities and communicate their values and valuations, which is to benefit the aims of product development process.The paper draws from the idea that the roles of accounting vary under different types of uncertainties present in NPD processes. Especially, other roles than that of an “answer machine” are favored. To investigate this, the approach of pragmatic constructivism is employed, i.e., we analyze NPD accounting through facts, possibilities, values and communication related to NPD management. Empirically, the paper is based on 28 interviewees in 10 companies with significant NPD activities to explore the roles of NPD accounting and compare the potential value of accounting to the accounting employment of the examined companies.From the perspective of pragmatic constructivism, the role of accounting should be clearly related to the analyses and communication of the possibilities and their values (ammunition device, learning device and rationalization device). If this was the case, accounting would be able to serve as an integrative device, which helps to identify (construct) causalities. However, the actual role given to accounting and identified by the managers is that of the provider of the seemingly objective economic facts (answer machine). Besides, the paper reports some best practices, where the managers either have started to actively identify learning opportunities from past projects through accounting information (“a learning theory of truth”) or used accounting information from multiple viewpoints to systematically analyze and value the existing possibilities (“systematic construction of models”).Pragmatic constructivism provides a solid starting point for identifying the gaps in the management practice that could be fulfilled by accounting employment. Moreover, with the central concepts of the approach, potentially more valuable accounting roles could also be analytically constructed and communicated to the practitioners. Besides addressing the gap between the potential and actual roles of NPD accounting, the paper represents the few attempts to elaborate the accounting roles in systematic decision-making through pragmatic constructivism. Thus, the paper reflects more explicitly also upon seminal work on the roles of accounting in managerial decisions.
A pragmatic constructivist approach toward Higher Education management policies – The case of English medium instruction at Aarhus University
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Lueg Rainer
Published: June 2021

This paper specifically highlights that discussion on instruction language does not account for stratum specific study strategies. It was presented at the 3rd Actor-reality conference, Aarhus University, October 23-25, 2013.
Future business models of the library – An actor-based case study at Aarhus Urban Mediaspace
Authors: Elkjær Michael , Haugaard Henriette , Råbjerg Jonas , Trads Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Given the changes in the environment, customer demands, and alternative media portals, public libraries are starting to rethink their business models. The purpose of this study is to investigate how business models for public libraries can look in the future. Using pragmatic constructivism as a paradigm, this paper investigates the research question through a case study of the Urban Media space Aarhus (Aarhus Library) with additional comparable data from Aarhus State Library. The empirical data has been collected through interviews with the administrative director of the citizen service center and libraries and with the area director from Aarhus State Library. According to the six types of business models by Henry Chesbrough, Aarhus Library lies between type 5 and 6, which is a company with a quit open business model that has close connections to both partnerships and customers.The study of these libraries implies that different elements need to be taken into account when defining a business model for public libraries. These elements are customer integration, innovation, and broad collaboration in order to satisfy the diverse customers’ demands. We suggest that future libraries have to be well adapted to changes and be quick at picking up new ideas both from customers and partners and other actors in society in order to cope with the ever changing environment.
Towards Integrating Realities - Pragmatic Constructivism and Arendt’s Theory of Action
Authors: Henriksen Lars Bo
Published: June 2021

The pragmatic constructivist approach provides us with a social science theory, the theory of reality, and its associated method, the conceptualising method. A key aspect in both the theory of reality and its associated conceptualising method is on the necessity of integrating four dimensions of reality – facts, logic, values and communication. But how? Nørreklit (2004) highlights the theoretical and methodological requirements for such integration of reality. Henriksen et al. (2004), on the other hand, describe the integration processes through a series of case stories. But a thorough conceptualisation of the process of integration is itself not analysed or conceptualised to the same substantive extent as are the other elements of the theory of reality.The key question addressed here therefore becomes: how might we better analyse and describe this process of integration? To address this question, I identify, albeit in skeletal outline, useful social theoretical correspondences between Arendt’s conceptualisation of action in The Human Condition (1958) and key attributes of the theory of reality, which, I claim, could possibly guide an entry into the ‘how’ of this elusive integration process.
Resilience in Nicaragua: Preliminary Factor Analysis and Validation of the CYRM-28
Authors: Stumpf B. Cameron , Chang Kelly B. T.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The current study used factor analytic techniques to examine the performance of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) in Nicaragua. Method: Nicaraguan youth from Managua, León, Chinandega, and Granada (n = 2,764) completed the CYRM-28 and the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI-A). The CYRM-28 and PWI-A are self-report measures that were translated into Spanish in previous studies. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis on the CYRM-28 did not support the eight-factor model from previous research. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a six-factor model: Social Belonging, Cultural Context, Caregiver Context, Social Skills, Spiritual Context, and Responsibility. Seven items were removed to improve model fit, reducing the CYRM-28 to only 21 items. We named this the CYRM-21-N (Nicaragua). Conclusion: The CYRM-28 did not yield an eight-factor structure in our data from Nicaraguan youth. Implications: From our analyses, we constructed the CYRM-21-N, a briefer version of the CYRM-28 with a revised factor structure. The CYRM-21-N may be useful in studying youth populations or assessing intervention outcomes in Nicaragua.
Side effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride in children and adolescents attended at Centro Universitário FMABC
Authors: Valentino Ianna Luiza Avelino , Fernandez Celso Lopez , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Lima Vagner Loduca
Published: June 2021

Introduction: It is known that vision disorders are within the context of public health problems. In childhood, during the neuropsychomotor development phase, visual changes are crucial, since there is a strong correlation between poor school performance and changes in acuity. For these reasons, ophthalmological examination in children, including refraction, is extremely important, aiming at the early diagnosis of diseases and possible refractive errors that may compromise the child's life and development. 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops are the most used during ophthalmic clinical evaluation as a cycloplegic and mydriatic agent to assist in refractive examination. Objective: The ocular and systemic side effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops were studied in patients who underwent static refractive examination in the strabismus sector of the Ophthalmology Discipline of the Centro Universitário FMABC. Methods: A drop of 1% cyclopentolate is instilled in both eyes of each patient and the possible ocular and systemic signs and symptoms presented were observed after 40 minutes and 24 hours after instillation. Results: we expect to find ocular side effects more evident than systemic symptoms in the two evaluation times (40 minutes and 24 hours after instillation). All symptoms (ocular and systemic) are reversed spontaneously. Conclusion: The present study aims to show that the side effects observed by the topical (ocular) use of cyclopentolate eye drops 1% are few and present spontaneous reversal both from an eye point of view, as well as from a systemic point of view.
Current status ofHelicobacter pyloriresistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Malaysia—findings from a molecular based study
Authors: Puah Suat Moi , Goh Khean Lee , Ng Heng Kang , Chua Kek Heng
Published: June 2021

Background

Resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin inHelicobacter pyloriwhich resulted in treatment failures has become a major challenge for physicians worldwide. The resistance is mainly mediated by mutations in a specific domain of the 23S rRNA,gyrAandgyrBgenes for clarithromycin and levofloxacin respectively. Hence in this study, we aimed to investigate the current status ofH. pyloriresistance in our hospital to these two antibiotics based on the molecular approach.

Materials and Methods

Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from treatment-naïve patients. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and continued with DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. The PCR amplicons were subjected to sequencing on 23S rRNA gene targeting nucleotide positions at 2,146, 2,147, 2,186 and amino acids atgyrApositions 87 and 91 andgyrBpositions 436, 438, 481, 484 to investigate the possible mutations or polymorphisms of genes that lead to clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance respectively.

Results

Sixty-one urease-positive gastric biopsy samples were studied. The findings revealed the primary resistance rates to clarithromycin was 14.8% and to levofloxacin was 3.3% in our current scenario based on detection of reported resistance-related mutations of A2147G and D91N in 23S rRNA andgyrAgenes, respectively. Interestingly, we found a high rate of silent mutations of thegyrAcodon 87Asn (32.8%, 20/61) and two polymorphisms of thegyrBD481E (16.4%, 10/61) and R484K (21.3%, 13/61). The role of these polymorphisms ingyrBremained to be elucidated whether the levels of levofloxacin resistance are related to the position/amino acid.

Conclusion

The primary resistance rate ofH. pylorito clarithromycin has increased compared to the previous report in Malaysia. Therefore, molecular screening could aid and is important for the selection of antibiotics forH. pylorieradication therapies.
Serum Aminotransferase Levels as a Marker in Assessment of Severity of Dengue Fever in Adult Patients- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bindu CB , Chikkannanavar Ravi T , Venugopal K , Harsha BS
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Dengue Fever (DF) is the most common rapidly spreading mosquito-borne arboviral disease with a wide clinical spectrum that includes both severe and nonsevere clinical manifestations. Most patients with DF have liver involvement in the form of elevated serum Aminotransferase (AST). Severity of the disease is more in patients with elevated serum ASTs. Hence, this study was taken-up to assess the correlation with the elevated serum ASTs and severity of the disease. Aim: To measure and associate the serum AST levels as a marker in assessing severity of DF in adults. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients of DF admitted to General Medicine wards from May 2019 to April 2020 in Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences and hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India. Serum AST levels were estimated at admission, on the day of discharge of the patient and correlated to prognosis of patient in DF. A pre-determined proforma was used to record the details of history, physical examination and investigation and results were recorded in a Microsoft excel master chart. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0, ANOVA and student t-test were used for calculation of significance in all parameters within the groups while Fischer’s-exact test was used to compare the significance between the groups. The p-value <0.05 was to be considered level of significance. Results: In this study, 100 (mean age: 31.65±12.08 years) patients of dengue Nonstructural protein 1/Immunoglobulin M (NS1/IgM) positive patients were studied. Out of this 60% NS1 Antigen (Ag), 22% NS1 Ag and IgM Antibody (Ab) and 18% were IgM Ab positive. 63 were males and 37 were females. AST/SGOT values were on day 1 was 203.76±360.87 U/L and on day of discharge was 55.96±31.76 U/L (p-value<0.001). And ALT/SGPT on day 1 was 109.63±146.01 U/L and on day od discharge was 41.05±20.78 U/L (p-value <0.001). Indicating dengue patients had raised AST/SGOT values on day 1 as compared to day of discharge. There was a significant difference (p-value <0.001) found on day 1 and at the time of discharge. Conclusion: Hepatic involvement, characterised by elevation of liver enzymes, is very common finding in Dengue Fever. Serum Aminotranferase (AST) levels are elevated more as compared to serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) . The present study found significant association of serum AST levels with the hospital stay and prognosis of the patient. Hence, serum AST levels are mandatory in DF to look for complications and it is of prognostic value.
Role of Glycaemic Control in Predicting Severity of Illness in COVID 19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kishan Jayanthi Hari , Kumar Vollala Shravan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) pneumonia is a rapidly spreading disease and which causes morbidity and mortality of many patients. Diabetes mellitus is co-morbidity which is considered as the risk factor for COVID 19. Well-controlled diabetes is associated with better outcomes than poorly controlled diabetes. Measurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is the standard method for assessing long term glycaemic control. Regardless of the level of hyperglycaemia, improvement in glycaemic control will lower the risk of diabetic complications. Aim: This study was conducted to identify the role of glycaemic control (HbA1c) in predicting the severity of illness in patients with COVID 19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of (51 diabetic and 51 were non diabetic) patients at Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. The patients diagnosed with COVID 19 pneumonia, which includes both diabetics and non diabetics from June 2020 to September 2020. Patients age, sex, baseline HbA1c levels, and oxygen requirement during the hospital stay were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. The Chi-Square test was used to analyse qualitative data and p-value significant at level <0.05. Results: In the study among diabetics (n=51), 20 (39.2%) were on room air, 24 (47.1%) required intermittent oxygen support, 3 (5.9%) high flow oxygen, and 4 (7.8%) non invasive ventilator support. Among non diabetics (n=51), 28 (54.9%) were on room air, 18 (35.3%) on intermittent oxygen, 2 (3.9%) high flow oxygen, and 3 (5.9%) Non Invasive Ventilator (NIV) support. It was observed that patients with HbA1c measurements with poor glycaemic control required more oxygen support during treatment in diabetics (p-value:0.469) Conclusion: In the present study, patients with poor glycaemic control required insignificantly, more oxygen support than patients with good glycaemic control.