bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome congênita do zika e impactos para as famílias: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Melo Ana Paula Lopes de , Lyra Tereza Maciel , Barbosa Jessyka Mary Vasconcelos , Araújo Thália Velho Barreto de
Published: May 2023

Resumo Em 2015, um espectro de anomalias congênitas, incluindo microcefalia, acometeu recém-nascidos como resultado da transmissão vertical pelo vírus zika, posteriormente denominada síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ). Desde então, cerca de 4 mil crianças foram afetadas em 27 países, sendo o Brasil o mais atingido. Cuidadores familiares também têm sido impactados. Esse estudo analisa publicações científicas que investigam as maneiras como a doença afetou as dinâmicas de vida de cuidadores familiares de crianças com SCZ. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Embase. Após as etapas de triagem, foram identificados 31 artigos. Os principais resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) impactos sociais que evidenciaram mudanças nas relações familiares, nos projetos de vida e no convívio social; b) impactos subjetivos - sentimentos de resiliência, solidão, luto, sobrecarga, medo, incerteza e relação com a espiritualidade; c) impactos econômicos e materiais - perda de renda, aumento de despesas, mudança de moradia e desemprego e d) impactos na saúde - despreparo dos serviços, renúncia do cuidado de si, modificações dos padrões nutricionais e de sono, repercussão para a saúde mental e níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão.
Development of a participatory research strategy involving autistic people with different levels of support needs
Authors: Filgueira Leila Maria de Andrade , Brilhante Aline Veras Morais , Sá Adrianna Reis de , Colares Monalisa Silva Fontenele
Published: May 2023

Abstract This article describes the development of a participatory methodological study involving autistic people with varying levels of support needs in the design and validation of an instrument devised to assess the effects of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the strategies used to cope with the crisis. The development of the instrument involved the following stages: Definition of the domains to be assessed (researchers in consultation with experts and autistic people); Design of the instrument (researchers with the co-participation of autistic people); Validation of the instrument (by experts and autistic people, led by the researchers); and Final approval of the instrument (co-participation between researchers and autistic people). In addition to making the instrument more robust, the participation of autistic people in the design and application of the instrument reinforced the importance of strategies to include autistic people in research as both study participants and co-researchers.
Organization of primary health care and surveillance in response to COVID-19 in municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Prado Nília Maria de Brito Lima , Vilasbôas Ana Luiza Queiroz , Nunes Cristiane Abdon , Aleluia Ítalo Ricardo Santos , Aquino Rosana
Published: May 2023

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the organization and development of primary health care and surveillance, including normative frameworks and the implementation of local health actions. Qualitative descriptive multiple-case study involving three municipalities in the state of Bahia. We conducted 75 interviews and a document analysis. The results were categorized into the following two dimensions: approach to the organization of the pandemic response; and development of care and surveillance actions at local level. Municipality 1 was found to have a well-defined concept of the integration of health and surveillance with a view to organizing team work processes. However, the municipality did not strengthen the technical capacity of health districts to support surveillance actions. In M2 and M3, delays in defining PHC as the entry point for the health system and the prioritization of a central telemonitoring service run by the municipal health surveillance department compounded the fragmentation of actions and meant that PHC services played only a limited role in the pandemic response. Clear policy and technical guidelines and adequate structural conditions are vital to ensure the effective reorganization of work processes and foster the development of permanent arrangements that strengthen intersectoral collaboration.
Professional satisfaction in nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pirino Manuela Vilas Boas , Nascimento Sobrinho Carlito Lopes , Dini Ariane Polidoro
Published: May 2023

Objective: to assess the job satisfaction of nursing professionals who worked in care and management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional epidemiological study, with the participation of 334 nursing professionals of a teaching hospital. Absolute and relative frequencies of qualitative variables and means of numerical variables were calculated. The mean scores of the domains of the Job Satisfaction Survey were compared with sociodemographic-labor variables. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and ANOVA test were applied and followed by Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, or Dunn’s post-test to verify the statistical significance of the results with a critical level of 0.05. Results: 90 professionals were satisfied with their work, three professionals were dissatisfied and 241 professionals were ambivalent. Conclusion: ambivalence was evidenced among nursing workers regarding their job satisfaction during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate a path for managers and health policymakers to invest in career plans and work environments that improve the working conditions of nursing workers.
Factors that promote and threaten Hope in caregivers of children with chronic conditions
Authors: Henriques Nayara Luiza , Silva Juliana Barony da , Charepe Zaida Borges , Braga Patrícia Pinto , Duarte Elysângela Dittz
Published: May 2023

Objective: to identify the factors that promote and threaten Hope in family caregivers of 2- to 3-year-old children with chronic conditions. Method: qualitative study with 46 family caregivers of children between 2 and 3 years old with a chronic condition, discharged from two Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews guided by the Model for Intervention in Mutual Help Promoter of Hope. Data were submitted to deductive thematic analysis. Results: the following were identified as factors that promote Hope: The experience shared with members of the social support network; The relationship with the child; Clinical improvement of the child; Spirituality; Positive guidance for the future. The following were identified as factors that threaten Hope: Conflictual relationships and discredit of the child by close people; Uncertainties about the future; Insecurities about the ability to care for the child. Conclusion: the threatening factors of Hope generated suffering, pain, anguish, anxiety, and loneliness in caregivers. The promoting factors of Hope generated comfort, motivation, strength and joy. The findings allow Nurses to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of caregivers and adopt behaviors that promote Hope in caregivers of children with chronic conditions.
Variáveis tecnológicas preditoras do estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Zeladita-Huaman Jhon Alex , Huyhua-Gutierrez Sonia Celedonia , Castillo-Parra Henry , Zegarra-Chapoñan Roberto , Tejada-Muñoz Sonia , Díaz-Manchay Rosa Jeuna
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: analisar quais variáveis tecnológicas, derivadas do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, predizem o estresse acadêmico e suas dimensões em estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal do tipo analítico, realizado em 796 estudantes de seis universidades do Peru. Foi utilizada a escala SISCO e foram estimados quatro modelos de regressão logística para a análise, com seleção das variáveis por etapas. Resultados: entre os participantes, 87,6% apresentaram alto nível de estresse acadêmico; o tempo de uso do aparelho eletrônico, o brilho da tela, a idade e o sexo foram associados ao estresse acadêmico e suas três dimensões; a posição de uso do aparelho eletrônico foi associada à escala total e às dimensões estressores e reações. Por fim, a distância entre o rosto e o dispositivo eletrônico foi associada à escala total e à dimensão das reações. Conclusão: variáveis tecnológicas e características sociodemográficas predizem estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem. Sugere-se otimizar o tempo de uso dos computadores, regular o brilho da tela, evitar sentar-se em posições inadequadas e atentar-se à distância da tela, a fim de diminuir o estresse acadêmico durante o ensino a distância.
Fatores que afetam o sucesso profissional de enfermeiros que atuam na área de tecnologia de reprodução assistida
Authors: Li Wang , Honggui Wen , Hong Peng , Hong Luo
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: examinar a relação entre o sucesso profissional e o ambiente de trabalho de enfermeiros da área de tecnologia de reprodução assistida e identificar os fatores que afetaram tal sucesso. Método: estudo transversal conduzido em 53 centros de fertilidade em 26 províncias da China Continental. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário demográfico, um questionário sobre competências de enfermagem especializada em tecnologias de reprodução assistida, da Career-Success Scale (Escala de Sucesso Profissional) e da Nursing Work Environment Scale (Escala do Ambiente de Trabalho na Enfermagem). Aplicaram-se análises de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: participaram do estudo 597 enfermeiros da área de tecnologia de reprodução assistida, e 555 questionários válidos foram coletados. As pontuações globais médias para o sucesso profissional e o ambiente de trabalho foram 3,75 [desvio padrão (DP) = 1,01] e 3,42 (DP = 0,77), respectivamente. Verificou-se forte correlação positiva entre o sucesso profissional e o ambiente de trabalho (r = 0,742; p < 0,01). A análise de regressão múltipla mostrou que a participação em eventos acadêmicos, a assistência psicológica, o desenvolvimento profissional, o apoio e os cuidados, e o salário e o bem-estar foram fatores que influenciaram significativamente o sucesso profissional. Conclusão: a participação em eventos acadêmicos, a assistência psicológica e o ambiente de trabalho mostraram correlação positiva com o sucesso profissional. Os gestores deveriam considerar formas de abordar esses fatores.
Intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial: revisão sistemática com metanálise
Authors: Falcão Lariza Martins , Guedes Maria Vilaní Cavalcante , Borges José Wicto Pereira , Silva Grazielle Roberta Freitas da
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial em pessoas com hipertensão arterial, comparada com cuidado habitual. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados realizada em seis bases de dados. Foram incluídos estudos em que a intervenção educativa foi realizada pelo enfermeiro à pessoa com hipertensão arterial. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela Risk of Bias Tool, a metanálise no software Review Manager e a certeza da evidência no sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: foram encontrados 1692 estudos, revisados por pares, e oito artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. A metanálise foi calculada para o desfecho pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica, em subgrupo por tempo e por tipo de execução da intervenção. Para a intervenção educativa presencial, realizada de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, a estimativa de efeito foi de -12.41 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -16.91 a -7.91, p<0.00001) para pressão arterial sistólica e -5.40 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -7.98 a -2.82, p<0.0001) para pressão arterial diastólica, com certeza da evidência alta. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa realizada pelo enfermeiro, de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, apresenta efeito clínico e estatisticamente significativo. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021282707.
Os mandatos coletivos no Brasil à luz do conceito de institutional by-pass
Authors: Magarian Bárbara Rebeca Alves
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Introdução: A crise de representatividade política no Brasil após 2013 evidenciou a inadequação do arranjo eleitoral e partidário do país. Nesse contexto, surgiram os mandatos coletivos. São mandatos compostos por duas ou mais pessoas que ocupam uma mesma cadeira no Legislativo municipal, estadual ou federal. Em 2020 houve mais de 200 candidaturas coletivas, sendo que mais de 20 foram eleitas. Partindo da chave teórica da transformação institucional incremental, o artigo analisa a natureza dos mandatos coletivos no Brasil como uma forma de institucional bypass ao mandato eletivo individual. Materiais e métodos: A análise é feita a partir de duas abordagens teóricas: 1) relações entre arranjo institucional, sistema eleitoral e partidário e mandato eletivo a partir do modelo proposto por Arend Lijphart; 2) o conceito de institutional bypass elaborado por Mariana Mota Prado e Michael J. Trebilcock. Foi feita uma extensa revisão da literatura sobre mandatos coletivos no Brasil nas bases da Biblioteca Nacional, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, Google Acadêmico, HeinOnline, Oxford Handbook Online, ProQuest, Scielo, SSRN e Scopus. No total, foram encontrados apenas 44 trabalhos sobre a temática, revelando a necessidade de pesquisas que preencham lacunas nesse tema. Analisamos também notícias e propagandas eleitorais de mandatos coletivos eleitos no Brasil. Resultados: Concluímos que há ressalvas a serem feitas para comparação do mandato coletivo com a figura do bypass. Tradicionalmente, o bypass é aplicado a arranjos institucionais voltados à provisão de serviços. Apesar disso, defendemos que a aproximação é útil visto que mandatos coletivos estão inseridos num campo altamente competitivo como é o campo eleitoral. Discussão: O artigo melhora a compreensão sobre mandatos coletivos dentro do quadro político-institucional brasileiro avançando no debate sobre a segurança normativa desse tipo de mandato. Isso tem implicações teóricas sobre transformações institucionais, bem como pode gerar implicações empíricas para a prática dos mandatos coletivos e para tentativas de regulamentação dessa nova figura da representação.
Recordando al Shimmy Club: sociabilidad afroargentina en la segunda mitad del siglo XX (1950s-1970s)
Authors: Frigerio Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Resumen En este trabajo describo cómo lentamente aprendí, a principios de la década de 1990, que el candombe afroargentino había sobrevivido de manera muy vital hasta entrada la década de 1970 en los bailes del Shimmy Club. Mediante una breve autoetnografía, muestro el grado de invisibilización que tenían los afroargentinos y su cultura durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990 y señalo cómo los bailes del Shimmy Club fueron vitales en la persistencia y transmisión de la cultura negra y en la construcción de una identidad colectiva afroargentina. En la segunda parte del trabajo proporciono una variedad de testimonios de hombres y mujeres afroargentinos/as que entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960 participaron de estos bailes. A través de un amplio y polifónico registro de recuerdos, los/as propios/as afroargentinos/as nos transmiten la relevancia emocional que estos bailes tuvieron en su vida -una experiencia social que los académicos generalmente ignoraban o menospreciaban-.
Molecular characterization of Astyanax species (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper Paraguaçu River basin, a hydrographic system with high endemism
Authors: Silva-Santos Rosane , Machado Carolina de Barros , Zanata Angela Maria , Camelier Priscila , Galetti Jr Pedro Manoel , Freitas Patrícia Domingues de
Published: May 2023

Abstract Molecular tools have been employed to improve the knowledge about freshwater Neotropical fishes. Such approaches supporting studies of groups including species complexes such as Astyanax, one of the most diversified and taxonomically complex genus of the family Characidae. Here, we employed species delimitation analyses in four Astyanax species described for the upper Paraguaçu River basin, a drainage within Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion with high endemism. We implemented single and multilocus approaches based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear markers. Cytochrome c Oxidase I sequences previously available for Astyanax species were also added to our dataset. The single locus analyses showed A. epiagos, A. rupestris, and A. aff. rupestris as different Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), while A. brucutu and A. lorien were grouped. However, the multilocus approach distinguished these two species and showed congruence for the remaining single locus results. Astyanax aff. rupestris was separated into two MOTUs using both approaches, highlighting the need for an integrative taxonomic revision including A. aff. rupestris. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of this fish group in the upper Paraguaçu, identifying hidden diversity and reinforcing the relevance of this hydrographic system as a notable hotspot for ichthyofauna biodiversity endemism.
Using plastic house shading in the summer improves eggplant and sweet pepper yield
Authors: Aied Kutaiba Yuser , Zaidan Ghassan Jayed , Abdulrahman Harith Burhan Al-Deen
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT Shading is a way of cooling in hot and sunny areas to modify the microclimate and improve crop growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shading treatments on eggplant and sweet pepper growth, under plastic house conditions, at the beginning of the summer, when there are high temperatures and solar radiation intensity. The plastic covers were lifted at the beginning of April and the shading nets used in May and June. The shading treatment improved the plant height, vegetative weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, plant yield and total yield per plastic house for both crops, especially for the sweet pepper. The sweet pepper hybrid (Charisma) and the local variety of eggplant showed the highest values for most of the studied characteristics.
Por entre direitos afirmados e renegados: a luta docente pelo piso salarial profissional nacional de 20 horas em Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Fernandes Maria Dilnéia Espíndola , Fernandes Solange Jarcem
Published: May 2023

RESUMO O artigo desvela a luta dos professores da rede municipal de ensino do município de Campo Grande, capital do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, pelo pagamento integral do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional (PSPN), disposto pela Lei n. 11.738/2008. Trabalhou-se com a legislação e documentos educacionais, matérias da imprensa local, documentos e material da imprensa sindical. No contexto municipal, os docentes reivindicaram, como inovação, o pagamento do PSPN pela jornada de trabalho de 20 horas semanais. Observa-se no município que, durante o período em questão, a cada nova Chefia de Poder Executivo foi aprovada uma nova lei sobre a matéria, o que a garantiu no direito, mas não de fato. Tal processo evidenciou marchas e contramarchas do movimento sindical docente, que culminou na maior greve da categoria no município, quando o Estado Educador se movimentou para manter o status quo em âmbito local, utilizando-se tanto da imprensa local quanto do Poder Judiciário. O fato de os professores não terem obtido sucesso em suas reivindicações revela fissuras do federalismo cooperativo brasileiro, pois governos locais, como foi o caso aqui, impediram que a remuneração docente, nos termos da Lei n. 11.738/2008, se transformasse em políticas de coordenação federativa, para diminuir assimetrias regionais e contribuir para a redução de desigualdades sociais.
Puerperal care in a border zone: fragility aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Novakowiski Rosenilda Duartes Fernandes , Baggio Maria Aparecida , Zilly Adriana
Published: May 2023

Abstract Objective To understand the health care of puerperal women in a border region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Grounded Theory qualitative research, straussian strand, conducted in a border region, in primary health care, with 30 participants, who formed three sample groups among women, health professionals, and managers through semi-structured interviews conducted by voice call and in-person between August 2021 and May 2022. Results Five categories were identified, according to the paradigmatic model, namely: Identifying postpartum care services; returning to primary health care in the postpartum; identifying factors that interfered in the care of postpartum women; pointing out strategies for health promotion in the postpartum period; and having fragile postpartum care. Conclusion and implications for practice Existing weaknesses were exacerbated during the pandemic by COVID-19. It is recommended to qualify the counter-referral to ensure continuity of postpartum care on time; teleservice to enable follow-up when epidemiological conditions pose a risk to maternal health; public policies can strengthen assistance to foreign women and migrants in the border region.
MINIMAL LIVER ENZYMES ABNORMALITIES AT ADMISSION ARE RELATED TO SEVERE COVID-19 CLINICAL COURSE IN A LARGE BRAZILIAN COHORT
Authors: PICON Ysela , JOVELEVITHS Dvora , ALVARES-DA-SILVA Mario Reis
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT Background: COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease, primarily affecting the respiratory system. Liver involvement is frequent, but the impact on the clinical course and outcomes are controversial. Objective: The aim was to assess liver function at the admission and evaluate its effects on severity and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective study of hospitalized patients in a tertiary hospital in Brazil, with a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between April and October 2020. 1080 out of 1229 patients had liver enzymes on admission and were divided in two cohorts, based on the presence or absence of abnormal liver enzymes (ALE). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, clinical severity, and mortality were evaluated. Patients were followed until discharge, death or transfer to another institution. Results: Median age was 60 years and 51.5% were male. The more frequent comorbidities were hypertension (51.2%), and diabetes (31.6%). Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis were present in 8.6% and 2.3%, respectively. ALE (aminotransferases higher than 40 IU/L) were present in 56.9% of patients [mild (1-2 times): 63.9%; moderate (2-5 times): 29.8%; severe (>5 times): 6.3%]. Male gender [RR 1.49, P=0.007], increased total bilirubin [RR 1.18, P<0.001] and chronic liver disease [RR 1.47, P=0.015] were predictors of abnormal aminotransferases on admission. Patients with ALE had a higher risk of disease severity [RR 1.19; P=0.004]. There was no association among ALE and mortality. Conclusion: ALE is common in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and were independently correlated with severe COVID-19. Even mild ALE at admission may be a severity prognostic marker.
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATIC LYMPHOMAS: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER STUDY
Authors: DIAS Emanuel , MARQUES Margarida , GONÇALVES Raquel , CARDOSO Pedro , MACEDO Guilherme
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of hepatic lymphoma has been increasing recently and diagnosis can be challenging as clinical presentation and radiological findings are usually variable and non-specific. Objective The aims of this study were to describe their main clinical, pathological and imaging characteristics and identify poor prognostic factors. Methods A retrospective study that included all patients with histological diagnosis of liver lymphoma over a 10-year period at our center was performed. Results A total of 36 patients were identified, with mean age of 56.6 years and male predominance (58%). There were three patients with primary liver lymphoma (8.3%) and 33 with secondary liver lymphoma (91.7%). The most common histological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (33.3%). The most common clinical manifestations included fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, night sweats and abdominal discomfort; three patients (11.1%) were asymptomatic. Computed tomography scan revealed heterogenous radiological patterns including a single nodule (26.5%), multiple nodules (41.2%) or diffuse infiltration (32.4%). The mortality rate during follow-up was 55.6%. Higher levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.031) and absence of treatment response (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Conclusion Hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease that may involve liver as part of a systemic disease or, less commonly, be confined to this organ. Clinical presentation and radiological findings are often variable and non-specific. It is associated with high mortality and poor prognostic factors include higher levels of C-reactive protein and absence of response to treatment.
THE USE OF AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN DIGESTIVE TRACT SURGERY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: GAMA João Vitor Ponciano , FERREIRA Rian Magro , LIMA Leonardo Portugal , NEVES Thaís Rodrigues , DIAS João Pedro Gonçalves , SOUSA FILHO Gilvando Dias de
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT Background: The use of autologous blood transfusion in digestive tract surgeries, whether after preoperative blood collection or intraoperative blood salvage, is an alternative to allogeneic blood, which brings with it certain risks and shortage, due to the lack of donors. Studies have shown lower mortality and longer survival associated with autologous blood, however the theoretical possibility of spreading metastatic disease is still one of the limiting factors of its use. Objective: To evaluate the application of autologous transfusion in digestive tract surgeries, noting the benefits, damages and effects on the spread of metastatic disease. Methods: This is an integrative review of the literature available in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library and SciELO databases, by searching for “Autologous Blood Transfusion AND Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedures”. Observational and experimental studies and guidelines published in the last five years in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Results: Not all patients benefit from blood collection before elective procedures, with the time of surgery and hemoglobin levels some of the factors that may indicate the need for preoperative storage. Regarding the intraoperative salvaged blood, it was observed that there is no increased risk of tumor recurrence, but the importance of using leukocyte filters and blood irradiation is highlighted. There was no consensus among the studies whether there is a maintenance or reduction of complication rates compared to allogeneic blood. The cost related to the use of autologous blood may be higher, and the less stringent selection criteria prevent it from being added to the general donation pool. Conclusion: There were no objective and concordant answers among the studies, but the strong evidence of less recurrence of digestive tumors, the possibility of changes in morbidity and mortality, and the reduction of costs with patients suggest that the practice of autologous blood transfusion should be encouraged in digestive tract surgeries. It is necessary to note if the deleterious effects would stand out amidst the possible benefits to the patient and to health care systems.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS
Authors: FAULIN Tanize do Espirito Santo , ESTADELLA Debora
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Several pathways enable bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and its microbiota, constituting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Objective: Review the pathophysiology of AD, relate it to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and discuss the possibility of using probiotics in the treatment and/or prevention of this disease. Methods: Search of articles from the PubMed database published in the last 5 years (2017 to 2022) structure the narrative review. Results: The composition of the gut microbiota influences the CNS, resulting in changes in host behavior and may be related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Some metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, while other compounds produced by the microbiota during the fermentation of food in the intestine, such as D-glutamate and fatty acids short chain, are beneficial in cognitive function. The consumption of live microorganisms beneficial to health, known as probiotics, has been tested in laboratory animals and humans to evaluate the effect on AD. Conclusion: Although there are few clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotic consumption in humans with AD, the results to date indicate a beneficial contribution of the use of probiotics in this disease.
Investigação científica em Angola: desafios e estratégias para a autonomia nacional
Authors: Curimenha Marcelino Mendes
Published: May 2023

Resumo Esse estudo apresenta uma contribuição sobre a temática entre o ensino superior e a investigação científica em Angola, colaborando, de modo geral, para o mapeamento de uma zona pouco explorada nos estudos do ensino superior desse país. Referenciam-se os desafios e estratégias ante as políticas científicas que Angola, nos últimos anos, tem implementado, com resultados ainda muito tênues. Situa-se, então, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de análise documental, a cosmovisão da problemática do fazer ciência nesse país africano, cuja independência, conquistada há menos de cinquenta anos, em parte pode justificar o caráter ainda incipiente de sua estrutura acadêmica. Vê-se, todavia, que o Estado angolano tem buscado sanar alguns dos seus principais entraves por meio de medidas como a expansão de instituições de ensino no interior do país e a criação de programas de intercâmbio internacional. Apesar, porém, das medidas recentes de fomento à produção científica em Angola, conclui-se que tal processo encontra-se ainda em estado embrionário, não apenas pela insuficiência das medidas até aqui estabelecidas, mas também pelo legado colonial e a guerra civil, ainda muito presentes na realidade angolana.
Chemotherapeutic Drugs Endow Gastric Cancer Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Stronger Tumor-Promoting Ability
Authors: Shen Jiaqi , Huang Chao , Cui Linjing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhu Miaolin , Chen Zhihong , Wang Mei , Zhu Wei , Shen Bo
Published: May 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive tumors and has a poor prognosis. It has been demonstrated that gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) can promote the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of GC through various mechanisms, but the effect of GC-MSCs on GC during chemotherapy is still unknown. In this study, flow cytometry, CCK8 assay, migration assay, colony formation assay, and western blot were conducted. We also analyzed GC patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Our results showed that GC-MSCs were resistant to 5-FU and Taxol at the IC50 concentration for GC cells, and 5-FU could promote the migration of GC-MSCs at low doses. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of GC-MSCs pretreated with chemotherapeutic drugs was more effective in promoting the proliferation, migration, and stemness of GC cell lines than the conditioned medium of GC-MSCs without chemotherapeutic drugs treatment. These effects were dependent on the activation of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in GC cell lines. Correspondingly, the inhibition of p-AKT reversed the tumor-promoting effect of the conditioned medium of GC-MSCs pretreated with chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, the expression of AKT1 was higher in GC tissues than in both paracancerous tissues and normal tissues, and patients resistant to chemotherapy expressed more AKT1 compared to those who were sensitive. Taken together, our data demonstrated that GC-MSCs gained more tumor-promoting abilities during chemotherapy
MICROORGANISMS' PERISTALTIC TRANSPORT WITHIN A CARREAU NANOFLUID THROUGH A MODIFIED DARCY POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled
Published: May 2023

The movement of microorganisms in addition to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective peristaltic movement of a non-Newtonian nanofluid obeying the Carreau prototype is analyzed in the current study. In a vertical tube, the flow moves through a porous media that fulfills the modified Darcy law. Under heat dissipation and chemical reaction properties, the temperature distribution and volume concentration are reflected. The innovation of this study stems from the involvement of the microorganisms with velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle distributions to distinguish the benefits or damages that nanoparticles and microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, and microbes cause in the flow across peristaltic tubes. It is supposed that this model has a valuable applicable role in some medical aspects and the infected flows by microbes in the human body, including blood flow through blood arteries and movement through the digestive system. By utilizing the conventions of the long wavelength (LWL) and low Reynolds number (LRN) approximations, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a group of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The structure of the analytical solutions of equations is analyzed by applying the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The performance of the axial speed, heat, microbe, and nanoparticle distributions under the influence of several characteristics associated with these profiles is described systematically, visually, and tabularly. Important findings from the study may aid understanding of the processes of various complex biological fluxes in many medical applications. It has been established that all the important parameters improve the spread of microorganisms. This indicates that as all these parameters increase, some dangerous infections and bacteria are eliminated from numerous channels of the body. Furthermore, the improvement in flow velocity and heat transfer with the rise in the most effective parameters is thought to be a significant applicable finding.
The effect of climate on tree-ring of Fir, Spruce and Scotch pine in Karçal Mountains
Authors: ALKAN İmren , İRDEM Cemil
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the effects of temperature and precipitation on tree-ring growth in the lower and upper growing borders of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata), Caucasian Fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana) and Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis L.carr.) in the Karçal Mountains (Artvin). This area hosts the first and pioneering biosphere reserve area of Türkiye in terms of biodiversity. This area is also one of the rare areas in Türkiye where Scots pine Fir and Spruce trees coexist. For dendrochronological analysis, 2 core samples were taken from each of the 15 trees using an increment borer from the lower and upper growth limits of Fir, scotch pine and Spruce. Tree-ring series are standardized. To reveal the statistical relationships between tree-ring growth and temperature and precipitation, Response functions were calculated separately for each site chronology. The rainy month of September has a positive effect on the tree-ring growth of Spruce. In the study area, a generally positive relationship was determined between July precipitation and the tree-ring growth for the lower and upper growing limits of Scots pine. In the study area, the precipitations of April and October affect the tree ring negatively for all regional chronologies, and May and June precipitation positively. The average temperatures between October of the previous year and May-June of the current year were negative; The positive relationship between the average temperatures of February, March and July and the growth of the ring predominates.
Efficient insect DNA extraction protocol. v1
Authors: José Rinaldi Angelo
Published: May 2023

Extracting DNA from insects can be a difficult process due to a number of factors. Some of these factors include the size and quantity of the insect, the presence of enzymes that degrade DNA, as well as the presence of chemical compounds that interfere with DNA extraction. Some insects can be very small, making it difficult to collect enough tissue to extract DNA. In addition, insect tissues contain several enzymes that can rapidly degrade DNA, which can make it difficult to obtain DNA fragments long enough for molecular analysis. Another factor that can make it difficult to extract DNA from insects is the presence of chemical compounds that interfere with the extraction process. For example, many insects produce chemical compounds to protect themselves from predators, which can interfere with DNA extraction techniques. To overcome these challenges, researchers may need to optimize their DNA extraction techniques to meet the specific needs of the insect in question. This may involve using different chemicals and extraction protocols to remove chemical compounds and enzymes that interfere with DNA extraction. Here is an example of an optimized and efficient insect DNA extraction protocol.
TS Procure 812 - primary fixation Karnovsky's - transwells (TM - 013) v2
Authors: not provided sandra.crameri
Published: May 2023

The method is used to Karnovsky's EM fixed transwells to Procure 812 resin blocks. The presence of 4% paraformaldehyde is only used to satisfy microsecurity requirements.
El «nuevo ídolo» y el rebaño. Estado y democracia en Nietzsche
Authors: Pachón Soto Damián
Published: May 2023

En este artículo se analiza la crítica de Nietzsche al Estado y a la democracia. Se exponen las críticas a las teorías contractualistas y a la manera como el Estado instrumentaliza la educación y la cultura, igualando y nivelando a los individuos, haciéndolos útiles al capitalismo y a la división social del trabajo. Para Nietzsche, el Estado debe ser un medio para la creación de un ser humano y de una cultura superiores, el Estado no puede ser un fin en sí mismo. Igualmente, se evidencia la crítica de Nietzsche a la democracia moderna, mostrándola como una heredera del cristianismo que toma partido por los valores débiles que empequeñecen al ser humano. La democracia debilita la fuerza vital, igualando, homogenizando y nivelando al individuo, y reproduciendo el espíritu gregario; en este aspecto, es cómplice del Estado. El artículo pone de presente que Nietzsche no fue sensible a la cuestión social del siglo XIX, ni a las demandas de los movimientos políticos.
Sicherheit der Wasserversorgung – Priorisierung von Gefährdungen der Trinkwasserversorgung
Authors: Heumer Felix , Tränckner Jens , Grischek Thomas
Published: May 2023

Wasserversorgungsunternehmen sind in ihrem Betrieb und der Erfüllung ihrer Aufgaben einer Reihe potenzieller Gefährdungen ausgesetzt. So resultierten aus SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen personelle Engpässe, die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Cyberangriffen und hydrologischen Extremereignissen ist deutlich gestiegen und in vielen Gebieten ist zukünftig mit mehrperiodischen Dürren infolge des Klimawandels zu rechnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Werkzeug zur semi-quantitativen Priorisierung von Gefährdungen als elementarer Arbeitsschritt einer Risikoanalyse vorgestellt und am Fallbeispiel erprobt. Im Ergebnis werden prioritäre Gefährdungen ermittelt und Szenarien für weitere Arbeitsschritte abgeleitet. Außerdem wird eine Liste zum Mindestumfang der Gefahrenanalyse für öffentliche Wasserversorger vorgeschlagen.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: European Disintegration, Brexit, and Gibraltar
Authors: O’Dubhghaill Sean Mark , Van Kerckhoven Sven
Published: May 2023

This article aims to explore the contours of Gibraltar, a uniquely situated region in Europe and a non-self-governing British overseas territory. It explores the basis for Gibraltar’s continued and maintained presence within the EU after Brexit. Gibraltar’s full accession into the Schengen area, which was expected to be implemented by the end of 2022, is a significant departure from the disintegration that was observable elsewhere in Brexit negotiations but also does not align with the United Kingdom’s staunch resistance to Schengen more generally. This move will potentially result in Gibraltar having more features in common with what the EU refers to as outermost regions, which are remote areas within the EU where special provisions exist. To that end, this variation in approach by the United Kingdom has placed Gibraltar in an altogether different category of its own and invites new questions about the region’s specificity and status, as well as about the process of disintegration more generally. We argue that Gibraltar’s desire to join the Schengen area has presented challenges to the ongoing predicament of Brexit and has exacerbated its outlier position within the EU. This has given rise to specific questions that this article aims to address: What is the current situation of Gibraltar regarding the United Kingdom and the EU? And, what can the case of Gibraltar teach us in terms of disintegration? This article also examines, from a political science perspective, how reclassifying territories can be employed as a vector to facilitate the United Kingdom’s efforts to disintegrate from the EU, but underscores the ongoing issues surrounding the reclassification of Gibraltar and its people, with every effort to do so proving challenging.
Ortaokul Matematik Ders Kitaplarında Veri İşleme Öğrenme Alanındaki Grafiklerin Grafiksel Yeterlikler Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: UYANIK Sefa , ÖZMEN Zeynep Medine
Published: May 2023

Grafiklerin yaşamımızdaki önemi göz önünde alındığında istatistik öğretimlerinde grafiklerin nasıl ele alındığı da önem kazanmaktadır. İstatistik öğretimlerimiz sonucunda ise grafiğe ilişkin öğrencilerin üst düzey anlamalara sahip olması ve grafiklere ilişkin gerekli görülen yeterliklere sahip olmaları beklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin grafiklere ilişkin kavramsal bir anlama gerçekleştirmesinde istatistik öğretimlerinde grafiklerin nasıl ele alındığı önemli olmaktadır. Öğretmenler öğretimlerini planlarken başta ders kitapları olmak üzere farklı kaynaklardan yararlanmaktadır. Bu anlamda ders kitapları öğretimlerimiz için önemli unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada ortaokul matematik ders kitaplarında istatistik öğretiminde yer verilen grafiklere yönelik etkinliklerin grafiksel yeterlikler ve grafik anlama düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmekte olup doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın verileri Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından önerilen ve 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında ortaokullarda 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf seviyeleri için kullanılan matematik ders kitaplarında yapılan incelemeler doğrultusunda toplanmıştır. Ortaokul matematik ders kitaplarındaki istatistik öğrenme alanında yer verilen grafik ile ilgili etkinlikler grafik anlama düzeyleri ve grafiksel yeterlikler kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına bakıldığında ders kitaplarındaki etkinliklerde yer alan soruların genellikle daha düşük anlama düzeyleri ve yeterlikler ile sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda ders kitaplarında grafiklerle ilgili daha üst düzey anlamaları ölçecek soruları içeren etkinliklere yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Türkiye’de Erken Çocukluk Dönemindeki Özel Yeteneklilerin Eğitimine Eleştirel Bir Bakış
Authors: DEMİREL DİNGEÇ Şule , KİRİŞÇİ Nilgun
Published: May 2023

Erken çocukluk döneminde özel yeteneklilerin eğitimi, iki önemli alanın birleşimini içermektedir: Özel yeteneklilerin eğitimi ve erken çocukluk eğitimi. Bu açıdan erken çocuklukta özel yeteneklilerin eğitiminin her iki alanda da uzmanlık gerektiren özel bir kapsama sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Küçük yaştaki özel yetenekli bireylerin iyi bir eğitim ortamı ile karşılaşmaları, gelecek okul hayatları ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinde akademik başarıları için kaynak oluştururken; duyuşsal, davranışsal ve sosyal açıdan sağlıklı bireyler olabilmelerini sağlayacaktır. Okul öncesinde potansiyel üstün yetenekliliği geliştirirken öğrenme deneyimlerinin farklılaştırılması önemlidir. Farklılaştırma, bireyselleştirilmiş, hızlandırılmış öğretimi ve karmaşık, yaratıcı ve zorlu etkinliklere sahip gelişmiş bir öğretim programını içerir. Özel yetenekliler eğitiminde en sık kullanılan eğitsel stratejiler ise gruplama, hızlandırma ve zenginleştirmedir. Bu tür ortamların hazırlanabilmesinde eğitimcilerin rolü kaçınılmazdır. Okulöncesi dönemde rol üstlenen eğitimciler ne zaman ne tür farklılaştırma uygulamaları yapabilecekleri, yeni ve etkili uygulamaların neler oldukları konusunda bilgi ve deneyim sahibi olmadırlar. Bütün bu önemli unsurlar çerçevesinde bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de erken çocukluk dönemindeki özel yetenekli çocukların ne tür eğitsel farklılaştırmalar aldıkları, bu konudaki güçlü ve zayıf yönler tartışmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili araştırmalar incelenerek, alan yazındaki boşluklar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada özel yeteneğin tanımı, özel yeteneklilerin özellikleri incelenmiş; bu özellikler nedeniyle ihtiyaç duyulan farklılaştırmalara değinilmiştir. Türkiye’deki yasal düzenlemeler ve var olan farklılaştırmalar ele alınmış, konuyla ilgili araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiş, son beş yılda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar incelenmiş ve eksik görülen noktalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Kaynaştırma Uygulamalarına İlişkin Yeterliklerinin Kaynaştırmaya Yönelik Duygu, Tutum ve Kaygılarını Yordayıcılığı
Authors: SAĞIN Ahmet Enes , KARADAŞ Cebrail
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma kaynaştırma ortamlarındaki özel gereksinimli çocuklarla çalışan beden eğitimi (BE) ve spor öğretmenlerinin kaynaştırma uygulama yeterliklerinin kaynaştırmaya yönelik duygu, tutum ve kaygılarını yordayıp yordamadığı ve yorduyorsa ne düzeyde yordadığı problemine yanıt bulmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını İstanbul ilinde görev yapan 183 BE ve spor öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel değişkenlerinden kaynaştırma yeterliklerini belirlemek amacıyla Kaynaştırma Öğretmen Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer temel değişkeni olan duygu tutum ve kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde ise Kaynaştırma Eğitimi ile İlgili Duygular, Tutumlar ve Kaygılar Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen verilerin analizinde çoklu regresyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizlerden elde edilen bulgulara göre kaynaştırma eğitim yeterlikleri (öğretim, işbirliği ve sınıf yönetimi) ile kaynaştırmaya yönelik duygu boyutu arasında .28 ile .40 arasında değişen pozitif yönlü orta düzey manidar ilişkiler, yeterlikler ile kaygı boyutu arasında .41 ile .49 arasında negatif yönlü orta düzey mandiar ilişkiler ve tutum boyutuyla işbirliği yeterliği arasında .28 pozitif yönlü orta düzey manidar ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacına yönelik bulgulara bakıldığında kaynaştırma uygulama yeterliklerinin kaynaştırmaya yönelik hem duygu (F (3,96) = 6.423, p < 0.5) hem tutum (F (3,96) = 3.070, p < 0.5) hem de kaygıyı (F(3,96) = 12.78, p < .05) manidar bir şekilde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. BE ve spor öğretmenlerinin kaynaştırma uygulama yeterliklerinin düşük düzeyde olması kaynaştırmaya yönelik duygu tutum ve kaygılarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Yeterliklerin yüksek olması ise bu durumun tam aksine işaret etmektedir. Öğretmenlerin kaynaştırmaya ilişkin uygulama yeterliklerinin desteklenmesi, kaynaştırmaya yönelik duygu, tutum ve kaygılarının olumlu yönde değişimine katkı sağlayacaktır. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle özellikle öğretmenlerin işbirliği yeterliklerinin desteklenmesi duygu, tutum ve kaygıların olumluya çevrilmesinde önemli bir aşama kaydedilmesinde oldukça kullanışlı olabilir.