bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yury Stolyarov’s contribution into the library collections studies
Authors: Varganova G. V.
Published: December 2018

The historical origins of library collections studies as an academic discipline are examined; their cognitive content and prospects are characterized. Natural interrelations of library science and library collection studies are substantiated. The subject of the library collection studies and their methodological approaches, i. e. historical, system, structural, functional, structural-functio­nal, cultural, information, communicative, etc., are discussed. The author focuses on the dynamics, continuity, traditions in the discipline, the scholarship ideals and standards. The ethical character of the library collection studies is emphasized; the ethical problems being faced on every stage of collection development, organization and management are envisioned. Special attention is given to Prof. Stolyarov’s academic activities: he is rightfully considered to be a founder of the academic discipline “Library collection development studies” in its modern status. Yury Stolyarov’s academic contribution is analyzed in its epistemological, pragmatist, praxeological, and institutional aspects. The author argue that the scientist leads in setting up acute research problems, defining adequate mechanisms for theoretical and methodological solutions and searching ways to implement research findings into library and information practice.
Genomic Prediction using Existing Historical Data Contributing to Selection in Biparental Populations: A Study of Kernel Oil in Maize
Authors: Hao Yangfan , Wang Hongwu , Yang Xiaohong , Zhang Hongwei , He Cheng , Li Dongdong , Li Huihui , Wang Guoying , Wang Jianhua , Fu Junjie
Published: December 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel oil provides high‐quality nutrition for animal feed and human health. A certain number of maize breeding programs seek to enhance oil concentration and composition. Genomic selection (GS), which entails selection based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), has proven to be efficient in breeding programs. Here, we estimate the robustness of predictions for the oil traits of maize kernels in biparental recombination inbred lines (RILs) using a GS model built based on an association population. Most statistical models, including ridge regression–best linear unbiased prediction (RR‐BLUP), showed high prediction accuracy in the training population through a cross validation procedure. The training population size was more important than marker density and a statistical model for prediction performance. Using the optimized GS model, prediction of the biparental RIL population showed medium‐high prediction accuracy (0.68) compared with prediction using only oil associated markers (r = 0.43). The potential to apply the GS model to another RIL population that is genetically less related to the training population was also examined, showing promising prediction accuracy in the top selected lines. Our results proved that genomic prediction using existing data is robust for the prediction of polygenic traits with moderate to high heritability.
Mapping Distances across the Perseus Molecular Cloud Using CO Observations, Stellar Photometry, and Gaia DR2 Parallax Measurements
Authors: Zucker Catherine , Schlafly Edward F. , Speagle Joshua S. , Green Gregory M. , Portillo Stephen K. N. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Goodman Alyssa A.
Published: December 2018

We present a new technique to determine distances to major star-forming regions across the Perseus Molecular Cloud, using a combination of stellar photometry, astrometric data, and 12CO spectral-line maps. Incorporating the Gaia DR2 parallax measurements when available, we start by inferring the distance and reddening to stars from their Pan-STARRS1 and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, based on a technique presented by Green et al. and implemented in their 3D “Bayestar” dust map of three-quarters of the sky. We then refine their technique by using the velocity slices of a CO spectral cube as dust templates and modeling the cumulative distribution of dust along the line of sight toward these stars as a linear combination of the emission in the slices. Using a nested sampling algorithm, we fit these per-star distance–reddening measurements to find the distances to the CO velocity slices toward each star-forming region. This results in distance estimates explicitly tied to the velocity structure of the molecular gas. We determine distances to the B5, IC 348, B1, NGC 1333, L1448, and L1451 star-forming regions and find that individual clouds are located between ≈275 and 300 pc, with typical combined uncertainties of ≈5%. We find that the velocity gradient across Perseus corresponds to a distance gradient of about 25 pc, with the eastern portion of the cloud farther away than the western portion. We determine an average distance to the complex of 294 ± 17 pc, about 60 pc further than the distance derived to the western portion of the cloud using parallax measurements of water masers associated with young stellar objects. The method we present is not limited to the Perseus Complex, but may be applied anywhere on the sky with adequate CO data in the pursuit of more accurate 3D maps of molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood and beyond.
Ionospheric Attenuation of Polarized Foregrounds in 21 cm Epoch of Reionization Measurements: A Demonstration for the HERA Experiment
Authors: Martinot Zachary E. , Aguirre James E. , Kohn Saul A. , Washington Immanuel Q.
Published: December 2018

Foregrounds with polarization states that are not smooth functions of frequency present a challenge to H i Epoch of Reionization (EOR) power spectrum measurements if they are not cleanly separated from the desired Stokes I signal. The intrinsic polarization impurity of an antenna’s electromagnetic response limits the degree to which components of the polarization state on the sky can be separated from one another, leading to the possibility that this frequency structure could be confused for H i emission. We investigate the potential of Faraday rotation by Earth’s ionosphere to provide a mechanism for both mitigation of and systematic tests for this contamination. Specifically, we consider the delay power spectrum estimator, which relies on the expectation that foregrounds will be separated from the cosmological signal by a clearly demarcated boundary in Fourier space and is being used by the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) experiment. Through simulations of visibility measurements that include the ionospheric Faraday rotation calculated from real historical ionospheric plasma density data, we find that the incoherent averaging of the polarization state over repeated observations of the sky may attenuate polarization leakage in the power spectrum by a factor of 10 or more. Additionally, this effect provides a way to test for the presence of polarized foreground contamination in the EOR power spectrum estimate.
Formation of First Galaxies inside Density Peaks and Voids under the Influence of Dark Matter–Baryon Streaming Velocity. I. Initial Condition and Simulation Scheme
Authors: Ahn Kyungjin , Smith Britton D.
Published: December 2018

We present a systematic study of the cosmic variance that existed in the formation of the first stars and galaxies. We focus on the cosmic variance induced by the large-scale density and velocity environment engraved at the epoch of recombination. The density environment is predominantly determined by the dark-matter overdensity, and the velocity environment by the dark matter–baryon streaming velocity. Toward this end, we introduce a new cosmological initial condition generator, BCCOMICS, which solves the quasi-linear evolution of small-scale perturbations in the large-scale density and streaming-velocity environment and generates the initial condition for dark matter and baryons, as either particles or grid data at a specific redshift. We also describe a scheme to simulate the formation of the first galaxies inside density peaks and voids, where a local environment is treated as a separate universe. The resulting cosmic variance in the number density of minihalos and the amount of cooling mass are presented as an application. Density peaks become a site for enhanced formation of the first galaxies, which compete with the negative effect from the dark matter–baryon streaming velocity on structure formation.
The Correlation between Isotropic Energy and Duration of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Tu Z. L. , Wang F. Y.
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, we study the correlation between isotropic energy and duration of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for the first time. The correlation is found to be

from the Swift GRB sample. After comparing with solar flares from RHESSI and stellar superflares from the Kepler satellite, we find that the correlation of GRBs shows a similar exponent with those of solar flares and stellar superflares. Inspired by the physical mechanism of solar flares and stellar superflares, magnetic reconnection, Inspired by treating magnetic reconnection as the physical mechanism of solar flares, we interpret the correlation using magnetic reconnection theory. This similarity suggests that magnetic reconnection may dominate the energy-releasing process of GRBs.
Social processes in post-crisis municipal solid waste management innovations: A proposal for research and knowledge exchange in South Asia
Authors: Véron René , Fernando Nishara , Narayanan N. C. , Upreti Bishnu , Ambat Babu , Pallawala Ranga , Rajbhandari Sudarshan , Rao Dhananka Swetha , Zurbrügg Christian
Published: December 2018

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has become one of the most pressing environmental issues in South Asian cities, the more so as it is closely linked to drinking water quality, sanitation and human health affecting mostly the urban poor, as well as to global climate change. Looking at recent governance initiatives in three South Asian cities developed in the wake of natural or human-induced crises, the project will focus on how to render MSWM improvements politically feasible and socially acceptable, which is a pre-requisites for functioning SWM systems, and thus for (environmental and social) sustainability more generally. The goal of this project, therefore, is to identify, analyze and promote the political and sociocultural processes that are necessary to enable the functioning of MSWM systems. In particular, alternative practices and systems are promoted, whereby institutional hierarchies are decentralized, favoring horizontal accountabilities and whereby waste chains are shortened and transformed into closed loops implying a more circular waste economy in which both environmental and local livelihood benefits would accrue. The project puts emphasis on mutual learning through horizontal South-South partnerships between local authorities, civil society actors and researchers across South Asia.
Des LGBT , des non-binaires et des cases
Authors: Trachman Mathieu , Lejbowicz Tania
Published: December 2018

Resume Cet article porte sur les critiques d’une enquête statistique sur les violences de genre subies par les lesbiennes, gays, bisexuel·le·s et trans ( LGBT ). Au cours de la collecte et dans le questionnaire, des répondant·e·s ont jugé l’enregistrement du genre et de la sexualité problématique, en particulier lorsque ces personnes refusaient de se définir comme femme ou homme, bisexuelle ou homosexuelle, ou se disaient « non-binaires ». Minoritaires, ces critiques ont l’intérêt de mettre en cause le cadre de cette enquête sur les violences, elle-même dénoncée comme violente. L’article distingue deux registres de critique, l’un se donnant pour but la reconnaissance d’identifications minoritaires, l’autre questionnant la catégorisation en tant que telle. Les répondant·e·s critiques sont plus jeunes, plus souvent des femmes, s’identifient plus souvent comme bisexuel·le·s et sont parfois en situation de déclassement. Les critiques peuvent être conçues comme l’expression d’une indétermination à la fois vécue et revendiquée, elles sont portées par des personnes d’autant plus disposées à refuser les assignations dominantes du genre et de la sexualité que celles-ci sont pour elles moins pertinentes et moins pesantes.
Durabilité et extension du soupçon
Authors: Vailly Joëlle , Krikorian Gaëlle
Published: December 2018

Resume L’usage des banques de données génétiques dans le monde de la police et de la justice connait un développement spectaculaire dans de nombreux pays, notamment en France avec le Fichier national automatisé des empreintes génétiques. Dans ce contexte, cet article analyse les relations entre catégories d’identification d’auteurs et de suspects d’infraction, formes de savoir et rapports de pouvoir inter- et intra-institutionnels liés à cet usage. Notre étude est fondée sur des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis (N = 24), principalement avec des policiers et des gendarmes directement impliqués dans ces pratiques, et sur l’analyse de documents (textes juridiques, rapports ministériels, articles de presse, etc.). Après avoir présenté le contexte technoscientifique et législatif qui préside à ces évolutions, nous montrons d’une part la porosité des catégories d’auteurs d’infraction, de suspects et d’auteurs potentiels, d’autre part la formation de bio-identités de suspects sous diverses formes. Nous montrons également que ces processus s’articulent à quatre logiques : 1) une logique de prévention supposée des infractions par repérage des auteurs le plus tôt possible ; 2) une logique inter-institutionnelle en faveur de la police par rapport à la justice ; 3) une logique intra-institutionnelle liée à la performance ; 4) une logique probabiliste d’élucidation visant à aider les enquêtes policières sur des bases parfois empathiques vis-à-vis des victimes. Ces différentes logiques sont imbriquées et convergent vers une durabilité du soupçon et une inclusion élargie au fichier.
Veinte años de arqueología de la Prehistoria tardía en la Península Ibérica. Mirando hacia atrás y hacia adelante
Authors: Lillios Katina T.
Published: December 2018

Las investigaciones arqueológicas de las comunidades agrarias del VI al II milenios a. C. en la Península Ibérica han sufrido transformaciones fundamentales en los últimos 25 años. Este artículo trata de proporcionar una visión general de esta investigación considerando tres temas: 1) los cambios en la teoría, la perspectiva y la práctica, 2) el descubrimiento de nuevos sitios o tipos de sitios, y 3) la evolución de las metodologías y técnicas analíticas. Se concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre posibles futuros desafíos y direcciones para la investigación.
La tecnología lítica neandertal de Valdegoba en el contexto del Paleolítico medio de la Meseta norte
Authors: Terradillos-Bernal Marcos , Díez Fernández-Lomana J. Carlos
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se presenta el primer análisis completo de la tecnología lítica en estratigrafía de Valdegoba, uno de los lugares clave del Paleolítico medio en la Cuenca del Duero. Valdegoba es un yacimiento del Estadio Isotópico Marino (MIS) 3 que ha aportado los únicos restos óseos neandertales en este entorno, así como evidencias muy relevantes sobre el poblamiento de los últimos neandertales. En particular, destacan sus respuestas técnicas en relación con actividades domésticas ligadas al aprovechamiento de recursos cárnicos (especializado en el rebeco) como el trabajo de pieles y forros. Su tecnología está caracterizada por rasgos propios del Paleolítico medio sensu stricto (alto porcentaje de métodos levallois y discoide) y otros relevantes y particulares como la gestión de las materias primas, el incremento de productos alargados o la presencia de una gran diversidad de núcleos.
Strategic Media Entrepreneurship
Authors: Horst Sven-Ove , Murschetz Paul Clemens
Published: December 2018

Entrepreneurship and strategy enable media organizations to create new ideas and bring them to the market. However, despite their practical importance, synergistic combinations of these theories are currently under-investigated. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to theoretically explore the phenomenon of strategic media entrepreneurship and lay the foundations for further investigation and theory development. The paper highlights a convergence of strategy and entrepreneurship and shows how they add to organizational success through developing visions, exploring and exploiting opportunities, managing people, building networks, driving creativity, and facilitating strategic planning. Ultimately, the paper contributes by uncovering and reflecting on the assumptions of current theoretical approaches in strategic media management and media entrepreneurship through targeted problematization. This provides the basis for opening new discussions, generating new theories, and exploring emerging phenomena around strategic media entrepreneurship.
Collaborative Social Networks
Authors: Chen Yulin
Published: December 2018

This article investigates the relationships between the motivation, cognition, and behavior of knowledge management. It analyzes university students preparing to share content on the Tamshui Humanities Knowledge Collaboration System (hereafter referred to as the Tamshui Wiki) to determine whether different participation motivation dimensions (community motivation and personal motivation) affected their knowledge management cognition and behavior. The stimulus–organism–response theory is adopted to assess the relationships between several intrinsic cognition (knowledge management and community reputation) and behavior (attention, interest, action, and share) dimensions. A total of 364 valid samples are collected. Correlation analysis and regression analysis are adopted for statistical calculation. Findings reveal that the participation willingness and community motivation of the students had a greater effect on their knowledge management cognition than personal motivation. Frequent users of Wikipedia were approving of knowledge collaboration and able to link cognition with behavior.
Thin obstacle problem: Estimates of the distance to the exact solution
Authors: Apushkinskaya Darya E. , Repin Sergey I.
Published: December 2018

We consider elliptic variational inequalities generated by obstacle type problems with thin obstacles. For this class of problems, we deduce estimates of the distance (measured in terms of the natural energy norm) between the exact solution and any function that satisfies the boundary condition and is admissible with respect to the obstacle condition (i.e., they are valid for any approximation regardless of the method by which it was found). Computation of the estimates does not require knowledge of the exact solution and uses only the problem data and an approximation. The estimates provide guaranteed upper bounds of the error (error majorants) and vanish if and only if the approximation coincides with the exact solution. In the last section, the efficiency of error majorants is confirmed by an example, where the exact solution is known.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of South Carolina
Authors: Volkov Nikanor
Published: December 2018

This article presents a framework for computing damages in South Carolina personal injury and wrongful death cases including those that are caused by medical malpractice. The analysis is based on statute, common law, case law, and practice. Elements unique to personal injury and wrongful death cases are discussed, as well as elements common to both. The role and requirements for damage experts are also presented.
An Innovative Model of Agricultural Education and Training in Guinea: Trending Toward Self-Sustainability
Authors: McKim Aaron , Sorensen Tyson
Published: December 2018

Exploring locally-designed Agricultural Education and Training (AET) programs provides opportunities for the entire system of AET to improve. Recognizing this potential, researchers conducted a case study of the
Centre d’Apprentissage et de Formation Professionnelle Post-Primaire (i.e.,
Center for Post Primary Professional Training [CAFPPP]) located in Macenta,
Guinea. The case study was completed in conjunction with a comprehensive program review and participant-engaged strategic planning process. Results illuminate CAFPPP faces significant challenges, including
(a) limited funding, (b) insufficient teacher and administrator training, (c)
limited curricular scope, and (d) systematic challenges. Additionally, three critical strengths were identified at CAFPPP, (a) utilization of an effective,
practice-based educational model, (b) stakeholder support, and (c) access to fertile agricultural land. Considering both strengths and weaknesses,
researchers and CAFPPP stakeholders co-created a model to propel CAFPPP toward its stated goal of becoming an “autonomous center of excellence.” The dynamic model envisions a school leveraging its strengths to systematically address identified weaknesses via intersecting approaches to funding, teacher and administrator development, and graduate support. Presentation of the model is supplemented with
a discussion of, and recommendations for, application of the model at CAFPPP. Furthermore, opportunities for all AET programs to reflect upon, and evaluate, current strategies in light of the proposed model are discussed.
Haitian Agricultural Faculty Preparation for Their Academic Roles
Authors: Pierre Absalon , Calixte Marie Christelle , Moore Kelly , Bunch J. C. , Koenig Rosalie , Delva Lemâne , Roberts T. Grady
Published: December 2018

Food insecurity is widespread in Haiti. The tertiary agriculture institutions have the great challenge of educating the future professionals who will help in meeting the growth needs of the Haitian agriculture sector. The extent that faculty are prepared for the teaching roles is unknown. This study examined this topic using a basic qualitative study that consisted of interviews with 37 lecturers working at five leading agricultural universities in Haiti. Data were analyzed using a basic thematic analysis. Results revealed the majority of participants generally felt well-prepared for their academic roles. The institutional climate for professional development is variable across the universities represented by the participants of this study. Incentives for participating in professional development were primarily intrinsic. There were 56 specific topics suggested by participants for professional development trainings.
A Change in Perspective: Agriculturally-Based Study Abroad Experience for Nicaraguan Students
Authors: Hainline Mark S. , Brenes Mayorga Baleshka , Morales Sarahi , Boren-Alpízar Amy E. , Ritz Rudy A. , Burris Scott
Published: December 2018

Study abroad experiences serve to enrich students’ educational experiences, granted these programs must be evaluated to assess educational effectiveness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine Nicaraguan students’ perceptions of agriculture and future aspirations, before and after engaging in a four-day agricultural
-based program. Graphic elicitation and arts-based projective techniques served as metrics to assess students’ perceptions. Four major themes, with six sub-themes emerged from the data: a) perceptions of agriculture (i.e., previous agriculture); b) strength through unity (i.e., unity; and ripple effect); c) aspirations (i.e., importance of education); d) value of experience (i.e., learning new things; and thankfulness). Overall, the Nicaraguan students indicated the study abroad experience broadened their
perspective of agriculture, having a direct impact on their career aspirations.
The skull of the carettochelyid turtle Anosteira pulchra from the Eocene (Uintan) of Wyoming and the carotid canal system of carettochelyid turtles
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Volpato Virginie S. , Rollot Yann
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Here we document the morphology of the only known skull of a carettochelyid turtle from North America. The specimen originates from the middle Eocene (early Uintan) Washakie Formation of Sweetwater County, Wyoming, and is referred to Anosteira pulchra based on temporal considerations. The skull of Anosteira pulchra broadly corresponds in its morphology to that of other carettochelyids but exhibits numerous differences that are related to it being more gracile. As a meaningful outgroup is lacking, it is not possible to determine if the gracile morphology seen in this taxon is apomorphic or plesiomorphic for the Anosteira–Allaeochelys clade. Anosteira pulchra and Carettochelys insculpta lack an ossified palatine canal. We conclude by reference to extant trionychids that the palatine (mandibular) canal is likely present but branches from the cerebral (pseudopalatine) canal following its exit from the sella turcica. As in trionychids, the vidian branch of the facial nerve (VII) of Anosteira pulchra and Carettochelys insculpta mostly traverses the palatine.
Glacial and geomorphic effects of a supraglacial lake drainage and outburst event, Everest region, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Miles Evan S. , Watson C. Scott , Brun Fanny , Berthier Etienne , Esteves Michel , Quincey Duncan J. , Miles Katie E. , Hubbard Bryn , Wagnon Patrick
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A set of supraglacial ponds filled rapidly between April and July 2017 on
Changri Shar Glacier in the Everest region of Nepal, coalescing into a ∼180 000 m2 lake before sudden and complete drainage through Changri
Shar and Khumbu glaciers (15–17 July). We use PlanetScope and Pléiades
satellite orthoimagery to document the system's evolution over its very short
filling period and to assess the glacial and proglacial effects of the
outburst flood. We also use high-resolution stereo digital elevation models
(DEMs) to complete a detailed analysis of the event's glacial and geomorphic
effects. Finally, we use discharge records at a stream gauge 4 km downstream
to refine our interpretation of the chronology and magnitude of the outburst.
We infer largely subsurface drainage through both of the glaciers located on
its flow path, and efficient drainage through the lower portion of Khumbu
Glacier. The drainage and subsequent outburst of 1.36±0.19×106 m3 of impounded water had a clear geomorphic impact on glacial and
proglacial topography, including deep incision and landsliding along the
Changri Nup proglacial stream, the collapse of shallow englacial conduits
near the Khumbu terminus and extensive, enhanced bank erosion at least as far
as 11 km downstream below Khumbu Glacier. These sudden changes destroyed
major trails in three locations, demonstrating the potential hazard that
short-lived, relatively small glacial lakes pose.
Identification of blowing snow particles in images from a multi-angle snowflake camera
Authors: Schaer Mathieu , Praz Christophe , Berne Alexis
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A new method to automatically discriminate between hydrometeors and blowing snow particles on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) images is introduced. The method uses four selected descriptors related to the image frequency, the number of particles detected per image as well as their size and geometry to classify each individual image. The classification task is achieved with a two components Gaussian Mixture Model fitted on a subset of representative images of each class from field campaigns in Antarctica and Davos, Switzerland. The performance is evaluated by labelling the subset of images on which the model was fitted. An overall accuracy and Cohen's Kappa score of 99.4 and 98.8 %, respectively, is achieved. In a second step, the probabilistic information is used to flag images composed of a mix of blowing snow particles and hydrometeors, which turns out to occur frequently. The percentage of images belonging to each class from an entire austral summer in Antartica and during a winter in Davos, respectively, are presented. The capability to distinguish precipitation, blowing snow and a mix of those in MASC images is highly relevant to disentangle the complex interactions between wind, snowflakes and snowpack close to the surface.
A agricultura na China: transformações setoriais e as relações comerciais com o Brasil
Authors: Waquil Paulo Dabdab
Published: December 2018

O artigo evidencia as transformações pelas quais a agricultura na China passou ao longo das últimas duas décadas, acompanhando um processo de profundas mudanças em toda a economia do país, que conduziu à maior urbanização e industrialização. Ao longo do período, é muito forte o incremento na demanda por alimentos e matérias primas, alterando as relações comerciais entre a China e o Brasil, abrindo oportunidades e novos desafios para a agricultura brasileira. Os resultados apresentados apontam para a intensificação nos fluxos comerciais de produtos agrícolas, especialmente de produtos do complexo soja, primarização das exportações brasileiras, alterações nas políticas agrícolas e comerciais, ampliação dos investimentos estrangeiros e a necessidade de acompanhamento e regulação deste processo.
Diferenças de temperatura mínima entre o abrigo meteorológico e a relva em noites com geadas
Authors: Vieira Junior Nilson Aparecido , Caramori Paulo Henrique , Silva Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e , Nitsche Pablo Ricardo
Published: December 2018

A phenomenon called thermal inversion, in which there is the accumulation of colder and denser air in the layers closer to the soil, occurs in radiative frost nights, resulting in a temperature gradient with differences between the meteorological screen and grass, which vary depending on cooling conditions. Knowing this temperature difference assists in taking preventive measures against radiative frosts, as well as in estimating the probability of their occurrences. In this context, this study aimed to verify the adjustment of different probability distributions to determine the differences between the minimum temperature measured in the meteorological screen and grass temperature below 0 °C for eight regions of the Paraná State, as well as the probability of occurring these differences and adjust estimation equations of grass temperature from minimum air temperature. Temperature differences between the screen and grass were calculated and probability distributions of their occurrences were adjusted in order to determine risks per intervals of temperature differences. Estimation equations of grass temperature were adjusted from minimum screen temperatures. Average gradients of minimum temperature were observed between the screen and grass ranging from 4.2 to 6.3 °C in the analyzed regions. The average temperature difference measured in the meteorological screen and grass for the Paraná State was 5 °C. The probabilistic model of normal distribution is the most suitable for determining the probability of occurring the differences between the screen and grass temperatures for the Paraná State. Regional relief and climate conditions influence the magnitude of the minimum temperature gradient measured in the meteorological screen and grass. Estimation equations can be useful to determine the grass temperature based on the minimum air temperature for periods in which there is no such data and thus provide a subsidy for studies of risk analysis of frosts. The results of this analysis are empirical and the equations should be used in regions in which they were adjusted aiming at a higher accuracy.
Bactérias promotoras de crescimento alteram o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e sistema radicular da canola
Authors: Gomes Diego Genuário , Radi Antonio José , Aquino Gisele Silva de
Published: December 2018

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria that have the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and favor the growth of plants through several mechanisms, such as phytohormone production, biological fixation in nitrogen (BNF), increased efficiency in uptake of nutrients in the soil, and greater tolerance to water stress or disease attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of inoculation of different growth promoting bacteria on the development of canola plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design. Four treatments were evaluated: control - without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense of strain Ab-V5, Rhizobium sp. strain 8121, and Bacillus sp. strain CM. The height parameter of plants was evaluated weekly, starting at 25 days after sowing (DAS). At the end of the evaluations, at 53 DAS, the length of the main root, the dry mass of the aerial part and the root system were measured. The canola showed a linear increase in height from 25 to 53 DAS. Bacillus sp. negatively influenced the growth of the plants, reducing their height in periods 25, 32 and 39 DAS in relation to the control group. A. brazilense. yielded 2.64 times more dry root mass (0.7 g plant-1) than the control plants (0.3 g plant-1). Even though Rhizobium sp. produced an increase in the length of the main root, this was not reflected in an increment of dry mass in the root system. The greatest development of the root system was provided by A. brazilense.
Dinâmica dos parâmetros hematológicos em cordeiras durante os primeiros quatro meses de vida
Authors: Souza Damaris Ferreira de , Paula Edson Ferraz Evaristo de , Fernandes Sergio Rodrigo , Franco Daiane Regonato , Koch Marilia De Oliveira , Locatelli-Dittrich Rosangela , Barros Filho Ivan Roque de , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes
Published: December 2018

Important physiological changes affect the blood profile of ruminants during the growth phase, but few studies approach the factors involved in these dynamics in lambs. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of hematological parameters, of total plasma protein (TPP), and of fibrinogen in healthy female lambs during the first four months of life. Blood samples of 35 female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old to perform the complete blood count (CBC). The erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, TPP, and fibrinogen were determined. The means for total red blood cell (RBC) counts at 60 and 120 days differed (P < 0.05) from the initial mean, showing a peak of 13.6 x 106 cells µL-1 at 60 days old. The mean values for packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration increased (P < 0.05) until 90 days and decreased at 120 days (36.6% to 33.7% and 11.4 g dL-1 to 10.6 g dL-1 between 90 and 120 days, respectively). The means for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P < 0.05) between 30 and 120 days (27.5 µm3 to 29.7 µm3 and 26.6% to 31.4%, respectively). The total white blood cell (WBC) count increased (P < 0.05) and reached a peak at 90 days (9,314 cells µL-1). The peaks for segmented neutrophils (5,141 cells µL-1) and lymphocyte counts (4,236 cells µL-1) occurred at 60 and 90 days, respectively. The means for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were similar (P > 0.05) between the ages (mean of 1.8) but higher than the reference value for adult sheep (0.5). The initial mean for eosinophil counts (2 cells µL-1) was lower (P < 0.05) than all subsequent ones, and the monocyte count showed the lowest level (P < 0.05) at 120 days (232 cells µL-1). The mean for TPP at 60 days (6.4 g dL-1) was higher (P < 0.05) than the other ages. Except for band neutrophil and basophil counts, and fibrinogen concentration, the hematological parameters and the TPP of female lambs are influenced by age until four months of life and differ from the reference intervals established for adult sheep. Therefore, the interpretation of CBCs performed in female lambs should be made on the basis of age group-specific reference intervals.
Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs
Authors: Andreo Nayara , Bridi Ana Maria , Silva Caio Abércio da , Peres Louise Manha , Giangareli Barbara De Lima , Santos Évelyn Rangel dos , Rogel Camila Piechnicki , Vero Jéssica Gonçalves , Ferreira Guilherme Agostinis
Published: December 2018

To compose the experiment, 160 male Topgen pigs - 80 surgically castrated (treatment 1) and 80 immunocastrated (treatment 2) - were randomly selected from a commercial swine farm at the moment of slaughter. Surgical castration was performed when the animals were seven days of age and immunocastration was performed by administering two doses (2 mL each) of immunocastration vaccine (analogue of GnRF linked to a carrier protein, development of anti-GnRF antibodies, 200 mg of a GnRF-protein conjugate/mL) when they were 104 and 132 days of age. Animals from both treatments were maintained in masonry stalls, where they received water and ad libitum diet (the same feed for both groups). The animals were slaughtered at 160 days of age, and the length and width of the testicles of immunocastrated animals were evaluated, along with the degree and number of carcass lesions, carcass traits and meat quality of both treatments. The means of these measurements were calculated and compared by Student´s t-test. For the immunocastrated treatment, Pearson´s correlation coefficients were also calculated for testicle length and width with backfat thickness. Approximately 80% of the immunocastrated animals had testicle widths of 11 cm or less. Immunocastrated animals showed higher degrees of lesions, pH (initial and 8 hours), hue, muscle depth and loin eye area and lower brightness, redness, chroma and backfat thickness than the surgically castrated animals. The correlation between testicle length and width with backfat thickness was inverse. Immunocastration can be an alternative to improve the proportion of lean meat (longissimus thoracis) instead of fat (backfat thickness) leading to better carcass and meat quality, since fat has become undesirable from a nutritional point of view in swine.
Method to generate growth and degrowth models obtained from differential equations applied to agrarian sciences
Authors: Santos André Luiz Pinto dos , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Brito Cicero Carlos Ramos de , Gomes-Silva Frank , Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika
Published: December 2018

This study aims to propose a method to generate growth and degrowth models using differential equations as well as to present a model based on the method proposed, compare it with the classic linear mathematical models Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz, and Richards, and identify the one that best represents the mean growth curve. To that end, data on Undefined Breed (UB) goats and Santa Inês sheep from the works of Cavalcante et al. (2013) and Sarmento et al. (2006a), respectively, were used. Goodness-of-fit was measured using residual mean squares (RMS), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), mean absolute deviation (MAD), and adjusted coefficient of determination . The models’ parameters (?, weight at adulthood; ?, an integration constant; ?, shape parameter with no biological interpretation; k, maturation rate; and m, inflection point) were estimated by the least squares method using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm on the software IBM SPSS Statistics 1.0. It was observed that the proposed model was superior to the others to study the growth curves of goats and sheep according to the methodology and conditions under which the present study was carried out.
Extrato tanífero de Acacia mearnsii para ovelhas em lactação
Authors: Dallastra Lucélia Janes Hans , Alves Tiago Pansard , Dal-Pizzol Jean Gabriel , Fonseca Bibiana , Camera Mauricio , Raupp Gutierri Tales , Ribeiro-Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes
Published: December 2018

Condensed tannins can reduce protein degradation in the rumen by increasing the duodenal flow of metabolizable proteins and consequently improving animal performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii on lactating ewes receiving a total mixed ration (TMR) containing two concentrations of crude protein. The experimental treatments consisted of a TMR containing 16.4% or 22.3% of crude protein in dry matter either with or without the tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii at 20 g kg-1 dry matter. The extract concentration that guaranteed the daily intake of approximately 15 g of the extract per animal was determined. Eight lactating ewes of the Texel × Lacaune breed in the second third of lactation were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design, with four periods of 19 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 5 days of sample collection. Urinary nitrogen excretion was increased in the animals fed a diet containing a relatively higher protein concentration compared to those receiving a diet with a lower protein concentration. However, milk production and the concentration of milk solids did not vary significantly among treatments. The tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii decreased urinary nitrogen excretion, and consequently reduced the environmental impact of the production system, but did not significantly improve animal performance.
Effects of mixed modes on fermentation quality and In vitro gas dynamics of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) silage
Authors: Liang Huan , Zhang Jinghua , Liu Guibo , Li Yuan , You Yongliang , Zhao Haiming , Yang Yemei , Fan Yan , Zhang Jian , Zeng Bing
Published: December 2018

Sorghum-sudangrass hybrid silage has poor fermentation characteristics owing to a high moisture content. Accordingly, a 3 × 4+1 factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of adding different types and amounts of hay (corn stalk, wheat straw, and alfalfa hay at 12.5 kg t-1, 25 kg t-1, 37.5 kg t-1, and 50 kg t-1) on the nutritive value, fermentation quality, 72 h dry matter digestibility, and gas dynamics in vitro to simulate the rumen fermentation of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid silage. Separated silage of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids had a high butyric acid content and a FLIEG’s scores evaluation ranking of only “Fair.” The addition of hay significantly improved the fermentation quality of mixed silage. With respect to hay type, adding wheat straw had the best fermentation quality, alfalfa hay had the best nutritive value, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (662.41 g kg-1), constant fractional rate (C) (0.28 mL h-1), and the average gas production rate (AGPR) (32.70 mL h-1) content. There were no differences in the cumulative gas production at 72 h (GP72h), asymptotic gas production generated at a constant fractional rate (A), and lag time before gas production commenced (lag) among the three hay types. With respect to quantity, 25 kg t-1 hay had the best fermentation quality, 50 kg t-1 hay had the best nutritive value and highest IVDMD content (662.81 g kg-1), 37.5 kg t-1 hay had the highest C (0.28 mL h-1) and AGPR (31.48 mL h-1) contents, 25 kg t-1 hay had the highest Half time (2.20 h), and there were no significant differences in GP72h, A, and lag among the four amounts. Considering both nutritive value and fermentation quality, the best mixed silage mode was 37.5 kg t-1 wheat straw.
Insertion of an intrauterine catheter for post-cervical artificial insemination in gilts: a case report
Authors: Ulguim Rafael Da Rosa , Vier Carine Mirela , Betiolo Felipe , Sbardella Pedro Ernesto , Bernardi Mari Lourdes , Wentz Ivo , Mellagi Ana Paula , Bortolozzo Fernando Pandolfo
Published: December 2018

The aim of this case report was to characterize the insertion of an intrauterine catheter (IC) in gilts to perform post-cervical artificial insemination (PCAI). Attempts to insert ICs through the cervixes of gilts were performed using either a standard sow foam tip catheter (SFC; n = 25) or a standard gilt foam tip catheter (GFC; n = 25). The percentage of passage, depth and degree of difficulty for insertion were evaluated. The average depth of IC insertion was 10.1 ± 1.3 cm for SFC and 10.0 ± 1.2 cm for GFC. For both catheters, insertion depths of greater than 10 cm were achieved in the first insemination in 44% of gilts. Insertion depths of greater than 6 cm were observed in 72% and 60% of attempts using SFC and GFC, respectively. A high level of difficulty for IC insertion was observed, mainly while using GFC. In conclusion, the routine application of PCAI in gilts on swine farms remains limited by the low success rate for intrauterine catheter insertion. In further studies, we suggest evaluating reproductive performance using low insertion depths for PCAI in gilts, and assessing the use of sow foam tip catheter as a guide to introduce the IC.
Substratos para o cultivo de orquídeas epífitas
Authors: Faria Ricardo Tadeu de , Stegani Vanessa , Bertoncelli Douglas Junior , Alves Guilherme Augusto Cito , Assis Adriane Marinho de
Published: December 2018

Orchids are among the most commercialized flowers in the market of potted plants, cut flowers, and landscaping, making necessary studies that allow the optimization of its cultivation. One of the most important aspects for success in production areas is the use of quality seedlings, which requires the use of an appropriate substrate with appropriate physical, chemical, and biological properties to the species. Thus, this review aimed to report the importance and diversity of substrates used for producing epiphytic orchids. Several substrates have been studied for the cultivation of epiphytic orchids, among which can be cited coconut fiber and powder, pine bark, coffee husk, carbonized rice husk, almond bark, sugarcane bagasse, charcoal, vermiculite, S-10 Beifort®, among others, which provided satisfactory results in the production of seedlings and development of orchid plants. Studies with the substrates are directed to the ecologically correct cultivation and the rational use of agroindustrial residues available in each region in order to reduce their volume in the environment, in addition to allowing the adequacy in production costs.
The Difference between EFL Students’ Preferred Learning Styles and EFL Teachers’ Preferred Teaching Styles in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnujaidi Sulaiman
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the difference between EFL students’ preferred learning styles (PLS) and EFL teachers’ preferred teaching styles (PTS) in Saudi Arabia. The participants in this study were 130 EFL students and 102 EFL teachers. Felder and Silverman’s learning/teaching style model was employed to identify students’ learning styles as well as teachers’ teaching styles. The study’s results revealed that EFL students preferred the sensing, visual, active, and sequential learning styles. It was also found that EFL teachers preferred the abstract, verbal, passive, and global teaching styles. The study revealed a statistically significant difference between students’ learning styles and teachers’ teaching styles. These results showed that there was a mismatch between students’ PLS and teachers’ PTS and recommendations were proposed to bridge this gap.
Formation of hexavalent chromium
in Cr-containing steelmaking slag
Authors: Sato Y. , Ijima K. , Shibayama A. , Inoue R.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: In present work, the mineral phases in chromium-containing slags were identified,
and the formation mechanisms of Cr(VI) in Cr2O3-containing mineral phases were discussed.
Design/methodology/approach: In steelmaking slag containing chromium, chromium
is mainly present as spinel phases such as MgCr2O4 and (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4. When these Cr(III)
oxides are oxidized to Cr(VI) oxide, the Cr(VI) is easily eluted from the slag due to its high
solubility in water.
Findings: The Cr (VI) adversely affects the human health and the environment. In this study,
the influence of cooling rate, quenching temperature and oxidation/reduction condition
during cooling on the Cr(VI) amount eluted from synthesized MgCr2O4, (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4 and
CaCr2O4 were investigated.
Research limitations/implications: The formation of Cr(VI) oxide in MgCr2O4 and
CaCr2O4 compounds during heating under air was considered to be indispensable. The
amounts of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) dissolved from MgCr2O4 were smaller than those from CaCr2O4.
Since the formation of CrO3 in MgCr2O4 started at around 1400 K during cooling, slag should
be cooled rapidly from the high temperature above 1400 K, or cooled in inert atmosphere
in order to minimize Cr(VI) formation. FeO in (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4 solid solution suppressed Cr(VI),
Cr(III) and Mg elution.
Originality/value: The development of prevention method of Cr(VI) formation in the slags
containing chromium is urgent in order to utilize the slags to land-fill and civil engineering
works.