bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mechanical Outputs Between the Traditional and Ballistic Bench Press: Role of the Type of Variable
Authors: Pestaña-Melero Francisco L. , Jaric Slobodan , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Rojas Francisco J. , García-Ramos Amador
Published: June 2018

Pestaña-Melero, FL, Jaric, S, Pérez-Castilla, A, Rojas, FJ, and García-Ramos A. Comparison of mechanical outputs between the traditional and ballistic bench press: role of the type of variable. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2227–2234, 2020—This study aimed to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanical outputs between the bench press (BP) and the bench press throw (BPT) exercises performed by 21 men (age: 22.0 ± 4.2 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 7.7 kg, height: 177.2 ± 8.0 cm, and concentric-only [C-O] BP 1 repetition maximum: 81.3 ± 6.8 kg) against a fixed external load of 27 kg using both the (C-O) and eccentric-concentric (E-C) execution techniques. The types of variables collected by means of a linear velocity transducer were the traditional mean values (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell reaches maximum height), mean propulsive values (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell acceleration become lower than gravity), mean values of the acceleration phase (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell acceleration become negative), and maximum values (i.e., the highest instantaneous value of the concentric phase) of force, velocity, and power. The magnitude of the effect sizes (the negative sign indicates a higher value for the BP as compared to the BPT) ranged from −0.10 to −2.19 for force, 0.28 to 1.30 for velocity, and −0.73 to 0.67 for power variables, remaining mainly similar for the (C-O) and (E-C) execution techniques. These results highlight that the comparison of force, velocity, and power outputs between the BP and BPT exercises is largely affected by the type of variable considered. The shortcomings of linear position transducers in accurately determining the end point of the concentric phase suggest that the maximum values, particularly the maximum velocity, should be reported to assess ballistic performance.
Local Displacement Transducer with Miniature Position Encoder
Authors: Witowski Marcin
Published: June 2018

The article presents the preliminary results concerning the use of miniature magnetic linear encoders for the measurement of displacements at small strains in triaxial soil tests. Presented are: the main principle of operation of this type of sensors, their advantages, and how they have been implemented in a standard triaxial test stand to the existing equipment. Finally, the test results obtained for a soil sample are used to highlight the difference in results obtained with the new sensors compared to linear variable differential transformer transducers.
Assessing the Gene Content of the Megagenome: Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
Authors: Gonzalez-Ibeas Daniel , Martinez-Garcia Pedro J , Famula Randi A , Delfino-Mix Annette , Stevens Kristian A , Loopstra Carol A , Langley Charles H , Neale David B , Wegrzyn Jill L
Published: June 2018

Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas) is within the subgenus Strobus with an estimated genome size of 31 Gbp. Transcriptomic resources are of particular interest in conifers due to the challenges presented in their megagenomes for gene identification. In this study, we present the first comprehensive survey of the P. lambertiana transcriptome through deep sequencing of a variety of tissue types to generate more than 2.5 billion short reads. Third generation, long reads generated through PacBio Iso-Seq have been included for the first time in conifers to combat the challenges associated with de novo transcriptome assembly. A technology comparison is provided here to contribute to the otherwise scarce comparisons of second and third generation transcriptome sequencing approaches in plant species. In addition, the transcriptome reference was essential for gene model identification and quality assessment in the parallel project responsible for sequencing and assembly of the entire genome. In this study, the transcriptomic data were also used to address questions surrounding lineage-specific Dicer-like proteins in conifers. These proteins play a role in the control of transposable element proliferation and the related genome expansion in conifers.
Increased LOH Due to Defective Sister Chromatid Cohesion Is Due Primarily to Chromosomal Aneuploidy and Not Recombination
Authors: Sagi Dror , Marcos-Hadad Evgeniya , Bari Vinay K , Resnick Michael A , Covo Shay
Published: June 2018

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is an important factor in cancer, pathogenic fungi, and adaptation to changing environments. The sister chromatid cohesion process (SCC) suppresses aneuploidy and therefore whole chromosome LOH. SCC is also important to channel recombinational repair to sister chromatids, thereby preventing LOH mediated by allelic recombination. There is, however, insufficient information about the relative roles that the SCC pathway plays in the different modes of LOH. Here, we found that the cohesin mutation mcd1-1, and other mutations in SCC, differentially affect the various types of LOH. The greatest effect, by three orders of magnitude, was on whole chromosome loss (CL). In contrast, there was little increase in recombination-mediated LOH, even for telomeric markers. Some of the LOH events that were increased by SCC mutations were complex, i.e., they were the result of several chromosome transactions. Although these events were independent of POL32, the most parsimonious way to explain the formation of at least some of them was break-induced replication through the centromere. Interestingly, the mcd1-1 pol32Δ double mutant showed a significant reduction in the rate of CL in comparison with the mcd1-1 single mutant. Our results show that defects in SCC allow the formation of complex LOH events that, in turn, can promote drug or pesticide resistance in diploid microbes that are pathogenic to humans or plants.
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Finland
Authors: Kerminen Sini , Havulinna Aki S , Hellenthal Garrett , Martin Alicia R , Sarin Antti-Pekka , Perola Markus , Palotie Aarno , Salomaa Veikko , Daly Mark J , Ripatti Samuli , Pirinen Matti
Published: June 2018

Coupling dense genotype data with new computational methods offers unprecedented opportunities for individual-level ancestry estimation once geographically precisely defined reference data sets become available. We study such a reference data set for Finland containing 2376 such individuals from the FINRISK Study survey of 1997 both of whose parents were born close to each other. This sampling strategy focuses on the population structure present in Finland before the 1950s. By using the recent haplotype-based methods ChromoPainter (CP) and FineSTRUCTURE (FS) we reveal a highly geographically clustered genetic structure in Finland and report its connections to the settlement history as well as to the current dialectal regions of the Finnish language. The main genetic division within Finland shows striking concordance with the 1323 borderline of the treaty of Nöteborg. In general, we detect genetic substructure throughout the country, which reflects stronger regional genetic differences in Finland compared to, for example, the UK, which in a similar analysis was dominated by a single unstructured population. We expect that similar population genetic reference data sets will become available for many more populations in the near future with important applications, for example, in forensic genetics and in genetic association studies. With this in mind, we report those extensions of the CP + FS approach that we found most useful in our analyses of the Finnish data.
Reynaldo de La Habana: un viaje a ninguna parte en la Cuba pos-revolucionaria
Authors: Vargas Zúñiga Maybell
Published: June 2018

El Rey de la Habana es la metáfora trágica del agotamiento de la Cuba castrista y el tortuoso parto de una nueva realidad social que no acaba de nacer. En las prietas páginas de una breve novela, repletas de violencia, bestialidad, sexo desaforado, heces y descarnada lucha por la vida, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez se erige como testigo de su época y el destino de su patria. Su telón de fondo es una Habana decadente, físicamente carcomida, donde el “sálvese cada uno como pueda” funciona como ley social. Esta obra coloca a su autor entre los novelistas latinoamericanos medulares en la bisagra entre el s. XX y el s. XXI.
Julia de Burgos: la imaginación poética del agua Un enfoque desde la poética de Bachelard
Authors: Rojas Osorio Carlos
Published: June 2018

Julia de Burgos, conocida como la poeta nacional de Puerto Rico, expresa en su obra un pensar poético en el cual se percibe el legado de los filósofos alemanes Kant y Nietzsche. Para el análisis de algunos aspectos de su poesía, es posible remitirse a la obra de Gaston Bachelard, El agua y los sueños, donde el autor plantea que la imaginación poética puede elaborar imágenes bien sea desde una causalidad formal o desde una causalidad material. Bachelard prefiere la poética de la imaginación material y encuentra que hay leyes de la imaginación en lo que el saber antiguo denominaba los cuatro elementos: agua, aire, fuego y tierra. En otros libros suyos escribe sobre la tierra, el fuego, el aire; en el mencionado se ocupa de la imaginación poética del agua; el alma dinámica que fluye en la poesía de Julia de Burgos.
Jenseits des Relativitätsprinzips: Haftungsstrukturen im neuen Zahlungsdiensterecht
Authors: Köndgen Johannes
Published: June 2018

Im Gefolge der Umsetzung der beiden EU-Richtlinien über Zahlungsdienste ist die Vertragshaftung von Zahlungsdienstleistern in einer Weise umgestaltet worden, die sich von den tradierten und nach wie vor akzeptierten Strukturen und Prinzipien des deutschen Vertragshaftungsrechts radikal entfernt. Dabei bewendet es nicht bei massiven Einbrüchen in das Prinzip der Vertragsrelativität; selbst die Grenzen der in Deutschland expansiv propagierten Drittwirkungen von Verträgen werden bei weitem gesprengt. Die folgende Untersuchung fragt, welche neuen und dogmatisierbaren Strukturen und Wertungen hinter diesen rechtspolitischen Umwälzungen zu entdecken sind und ob diese gegebenenfalls rechtsfortbildendes Potential für andere Vertragstypen entfalten.
Aufsichtskonvergenz durch „Questions and Answers“ der ESMA
Authors: Veil Rüdiger
Published: June 2018

„Questions and Answers“ spielen eine herausragende Rolle in der Arbeit der ESMA. Sie sind ein wichtiges Instrument, um Aufsichtskonvergenz in der EU herzustellen. Trotz ihrer großen praktischen Bedeutung ist die Rechtsnatur von „Questions and Answers“ nicht erforscht. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt dazu Stellung und untersucht, unter welchen Voraussetzungen „Questions and Answers“ in die nationale Aufsichtspraxis implementiert werden sollten.
Quantitativ-ökonomische Analyse der Abgeltungsteuer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Grundfreibetragsabzugs und Kapitalanlageentscheidungen
Authors: Kollruss Thomas
Published: June 2018

Die Abgeltungsteuer bei privaten Kapitalerträgen ist im Hinblick auf ihre Steuerwirkungen, u. a. den Abzug des Grundfreibetrags, den tatsächlichen Tarifverlauf, die Interaktion zum Regelbesteuerungssystem, bislang kaum untersucht worden. Eine sog. „Günstigerprüfung“ verschleiert die konkreten Steuerwirkungen der Abgeltungsteuer, ihren tatsächlichen Tarifverlauf und ihre Belastungswirkungen. Kapitalanlageentscheidungen können aber nur dann ökonomisch beurteilt und (steuer-)optimal getroffen werden, wenn die genauen Steuerwirkungen der Abgeltungsteuer, einschließlich ihrer Be- und Entlastungwirkungen, bekannt sind. Kenntnisse über die Steuerwirkungen der Abgeltungsteuer sowie über die Funktionsweise aus Abgeltungsteuer- und Regelbesteuerungssystem sind in ökonomischer Hinsicht entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Kapitalanlagestrategie. Die vorliegende quantitativ-ökonomische Analyse der Abgeltungsteuer kann daher eine Grundlage für steueroptimale Kapitalanlageentscheidungen bilden. Insbesondere bedarf es einer Einplanung der Steuerwirkungen ex ante. Im Bereich der privaten Kapitalanlage spielt hier die steuermindernde Wirkung des Grundfreibetragsabzugs eine wichtige Rolle. Die Untersuchungsziele des Beitrags sollen mit Hilfe eines formalanalytischen Untersuchungsansatzes, u. a. der Konvexen Optimierung und der Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-Analyse (KKT-Analyse), erreicht werden. Anknüpfend an diese Ergebnisse kann der tatsächliche Tarifverlauf der Abgeltungsteuer herausgearbeitet und formal definiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund können anschließend die konkreten Steuerwirkungen der Abgeltungsteuer im Vergleich zur Regelbesteuerung analysiert und bewertet werden. Auf dieser Basis lassen sich schließlich grundlegende Parameter ableiten, wie in ökonomischer Hinsicht steueroptimale Kapitalanlageentscheidungen unter Berücksichtigung des Abgeltungsteuer-/Regelbesteuerungssystems zu treffen sind.
Caspase-3 Is a Pivotal Regulator of Microvascular Rarefaction and Renal Fibrosis after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yang Bing , Lan Shanshan , Dieudé Mélanie , Sabo-Vatasescu Jean-Paul , Karakeussian-Rimbaud Annie , Turgeon Julie , Qi Shijie , Gunaratnam Lakshman , Patey Natalie , Hébert Marie-Josée
Published: June 2018

Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major risk factor for chronic renal failure. Here, we characterize the different modes of programmed cell death in the tubular and microvascular compartments during the various stages of IRI-induced AKI, and their relative importance to renal fibrogenesis.

Methods We performed unilateral renal artery clamping for 30 minutes and contralateral nephrectomy in wild-type mice (C57BL/6) or caspase-3−/− mice.

Results Compared with their wild-type counterparts, caspase-3−/− mice in the early stage of AKI had high urine cystatin C levels, tubular injury scores, and serum creatinine levels. Electron microscopy revealed evidence of tubular epithelial cell necrosis in caspase-3−/− mice, and immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of the necroptosis marker receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) in renal cortical sections. Western blot analysis further demonstrated enhanced levels of phosphorylated RIPK3 in the kidneys of caspase-3−/− mice. In contrast, caspase-3−/− mice had less microvascular congestion and activation in the early and extension phases of AKI. In the long term (3 weeks after IRI), caspase-3−/− mice had reduced microvascular rarefaction and renal fibrosis, as well as decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and reduced collagen deposition within peritubular capillaries. Moreover, caspase-3−/− mice exhibited signs of reduced tubular ischemia, including lower tubular expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and improved tubular injury scores.

Conclusions These results establish the pivotal importance of caspase-3 in regulating microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis after IRI. These findings also demonstrate the predominant role of microvascular over tubular injury as a driver of progressive renal damage and fibrosis after IRI.
College Student Sleep
Authors: Gipson Christine S. , Bartos Susan
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
CUBILLO DE ARAGÓN, Álvaro (2015). El conde de Saldaña. Edición, introducción y notas de Rebeca Lázaro Niso. Vigo: Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, 373 pp., ISBN: 978-84-16187-08-9.
Authors: González-Sarasa Hernáez Silvia
Published: June 2018

CUBILLO DE ARAGÓN, Álvaro (2015). El conde de Saldaña. Edición, introducción y notas de Rebeca Lázaro Niso. Vigo: Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, 373 pp., ISBN: 978-84-16187-08-9.
A prospective study on the effect of topical lidocaine gel versus drops on ocular pain in manual small incision cataract surgery
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Kuriachan Sanitha , Sethuraman Nirmala
Published: June 2018

Background: Cataract is globally acknowledged leading cause of blindness. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of Lidocaine 4% drops with 2% gel on intra operative and post-operative pain in patients who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery.Methods: It was a single Centre, one-surgeon, prospective, comparison study. Patients enrolled for surgeries were divided into Group A: Lidocaine 4% drops 1 ml was instilled in the conjunctival sac 5 minutes before surgery and Group B: Lidocaine 2% gel 2ml was applied. Endpoints evaluated were ocular pain of patient during and after surgery.Results: A total of 60 patients underwent MSICS, out of which 30 each received drops and gel. Mean intraoperative pain VAS score was 2.26±0.69 for gel group and 5.13±1.13 for drops group (p*<0.001) Mean post-operative pain VAS score was 0.26±0.69 in gel group and 1.13±1.13 in drops group (p*=0.002).Conclusions: Compared to drops, Lidocaine gel has reduced intraoperative and post-operative pain.
A rare presentation of primary cutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of scalp
Authors: Javid Mohamed , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponnandai , Jebasingh Arun Victor , Velayutham Manivannan , Kawarat Vikas
Published: June 2018

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSSC) is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It has predilection for the upper aero digestive tract with common metastasis to regional lymph node and common distant metastasis to lungs. While metastasis to scalp has rarely been reported, primary occurrence of BSCC arising from scalp has hardly ever been reported. We are reporting a case of 70 year female patient, who presented with an ulceroproliferative growth in posterior scalp. Biopsy from the edge of growth was reported as malignant adnexal tumor. A wide local excision was done and that biopsy was reported as Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. We intend to present this case, considering its rarity and its primary presentation in an very unusual and unique location for this variant.
Fever awareness, management practices and their correlates among parents of under five children in urban India
Authors: Thota Sanjana , Ladiwala Nida , Sharma Pawan Kumar , Ganguly Enakshi
Published: June 2018

Background: Awareness regarding fever is reportedly low among Indian urban parents, leading to its over- management among under five children. We attempted to study the awareness and fever management practices of South Indian urban parents. The objectives were to find the awareness of parents regarding childhood fever management, and correlates of practices.Methods: One hundred parents of under-five children with history of fever in past three months were randomly selected and interviewed using a predesigned tool. Children’s weight and height was measured. Awareness scores for causes of fever and fever management were constructed. Logistic regression was done to identify correlates of incorrect practices.Results: 95% parents were aware about correct temperature above which fever became harmful. Awareness score for causes of fever was poor (<1) among 41% parents. Mothers’ complications awareness scores were better than fathers (p<0.05). 81% parents used antibiotics; only 18% consulted a doctor before doing so. 17% parents using antibiotics did not complete the prescribed course. The independent correlates of poor fever management practices were working parents (OR: 6.28; 95%CI: 1.7-23.16), lesser number of children (OR: 3.08; 95%CI: 1.01-9.37), poor compliance for antipyretics (OR: 9.20; 95%CI: 1.64-51.52) and giving antipyretics without consulting doctors (OR: 5.43; 95%CI: 1.69-17.47). Poor knowledge of available pediatric antipyretic preparations was negatively correlated (OR: 0.13; 95%CI: 0.02-0.64).Conclusion: Fever awareness was fair among urban parents. Mothers had better awareness than fathers. Increased awareness for correct fever management of under-five children is desirable among urban parents to reduce misuse of antibiotics and antipyretics.
Self-medication practices in urban and rural areas of western India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Limaye Dnyanesh , Limaye Vaidehi , Fortwengel Gerhard , Krause Gerard
Published: June 2018

Background: Concerns about practice of self-medication (SM) world across are based on associated risks such as adverse reactions, disease masking, increased morbidity, wastage of resources and antibiotic resistance. SM is likely to differ between rural and urban areas of India. Systematically retrieved evidence on these differences are required in order to design targeted measures for improvement.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among the general population in urban (Matunga) and rural (Tala) areas of Maharashtra, India to explore SM practices and its associated factors. Face to face interviews were conducted using the validated study questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results: A total of 1523 inhabitants from 462 households were interviewed between [June/2015] and [August /2015], 778 (51%) of them in rural and 745 (49%) in urban areas. Overall self-medication prevalence was 29.1% (urban; 51.5%, rural; 7.7%, OR 12.7, CI 9.4-17.2) in the study participants. Participants having chronic disease (OR: 3.15, CI: 2.07-4.79) and from urban areas (OR:15.38, CI:8.49-27.85) were more likely to self-medicate. Self-medication practices were characterized by having old prescription (41.6%) as the main reason, fever (39.4%) as top indication and NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents) as the most self-medicated category of drugs (40.7%).Conclusions: The present study documented that the prevalence of self-medication is associated with place of residence, and health status of the study participants. Self-medication is still a major issue in western Maharashtra, India and is majorly an urban phenomenon. Status of implementation of existing regulations should be reconsidered.
Enhanced Bone Metastases in Skeletally Immature Mice
Authors: Haley Henry R. , Shen Nathan , Qyli Tonela , Buschhaus Johanna M. , Pirone Matthew , Luker Kathryn E. , Luker Gary D.
Published: June 2018

Bone constitutes the most common site of breast cancer metastases either at time of presentation or recurrent disease years after seemingly successful therapy. Bone metastases cause substantial morbidity, including life-threatening spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia. Given the high prevalence of patients with breast cancer, health-care costs of bone metastases (>$20,000 per episode) impose a tremendous economic burden on society. To investigate mechanisms of bone metastasis, we developed femoral artery injection of cancer cells as a physiologically relevant model of bone metastasis. Comparing young (∼6 weeks), skeletally immature mice to old (∼6 months) female mice with closed physes (growth plates), we showed significantly greater progression of osteolytic metastases in young animals. Bone destruction increased in the old mice following ovariectomy, emphasizing the pathologic consequences of greater bone turnover and net loss. Despite uniform initial distribution of breast cancer cells throughout the hind limb after femoral artery injection, we observed preferential formation of osteolytic bone metastases in the proximal tibia. Tropism for the proximal tibia arises in part because of TGF-β, a cytokine abundant in both physes of skeletally immature mice and matrix of bone in mice of all ages. We also showed that age-dependent effects on osteolytic bone metastases did not occur in male mice with disseminated breast cancer cells in bone. These studies establish a model system to specifically focus on pathophysiology and treatment of bone metastases and underscore the need to match biologic variables in the model to relevant subsets of patients with breast cancer.
Complex Vascular Ring Diagnosed on Cardiovascular MR in a 3-Day-Old Infant
Authors: Burt Jeremy R. , Valente Michael , Agha Ali , Beavers Kimberly , Limback Joseph , Fiorino Michael , Vicenti Rebecca , Tissavirasingham Fiona , Butt Khurram , Crofton Andrew R.
Published: June 2018

Prenatal ultrasonography in the early third trimester showed an unusual branching pattern of the right aortic arch. Echocardiography performed 4 h after birth showed the right aortic arch with mirror-image branching, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent foramen ovale. Because the location of the ductus arteriosus was unclear on echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 days after birth. Advanced techniques including contrast-enhanced time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography and 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography allowed accurate diagnosis of a vascular ring comprising ascending and descending aorta, right aortic arch with mirror-image branching, and diverticulum of Kommerell giving rise to a left ligamentum arteriosum. The infant had hiccups, but no other symptoms. The esophagram was negative for obstruction. The infant was closely monitored; however, she developed esophageal obstruction at 7 months of age because of the vascular ring. She underwent lysis of the left ligamentum arteriosum followed by aortopexy for relief of esophageal obstruction. This report shows the utility of neonatal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate complex congenital aortic arch anomalies.
Composite indicators and sustainable development of regional agriculture applied to the Stavropol Territory in Russia
Authors: Chaplitskaya Anastasia , Heijman Wim , Van Ophem Johan
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to understand and evaluate agricultural sustainability in the Stavropol Territory by means of a composite indicator. In particular, the paper applies principal component analyses to calculate a composite sustainability index by integration of selected economic, social and environmental indicators. The results demonstrate the utility of analyzing several indicators in conjunction. The results also may indicate which variables influence development of regional agriculture. This information is important in order to design agricultural support policy and to implement an increase the sustainability of the agriculture sector.

JEL Code: O13, Q11
Cost analysis of pig slaughtering: A Hungarian case study
Authors: Szőllősi László , Molnár Szilvia , Ladányi Krisztina , Karnai Laura , Szűcs István
Published: June 2018

The scale of Hungarian slaughterhouses is small in international comparison and the cost of slaughter and cutting a pig of average live weight is relatively high at 16.1-19.4 EUR on average. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost of pig slaughter and cutting through the case study of a medium-scale plant in Hungary. Based on data from the enterprise, a calculation was performed in relation to the “output” quantity of pig slaughter and cutting, as well as its value and the cost and cost structure of processing. The capacity of the examined plant and its utilisation were analysed and cost reductions were estimated for various increases of output. In 2015, the direct cost of slaughter and cutting was 18.9 EUR per pig for the medium-scale plant which processed 100 thousand pigs. When the purchase cost of pigs is excluded, labour costs accounted for the highest share (30%) of costs, followed by services (29%) and energy costs (21%). For this reason, the level of wages and employer’s contributions has a rather high significance. Analysis showed that significant increases in Hungarian minimum wage and guaranteed living wage in 2017 resulted in an estimated 7% increase in the cost of slaughter and cutting compared to 2015, despite the decrease of contributions. The capacity utilisation of the plant was a low 28% when compared to a single 8-hour shift considered full capacity. The cost of slaughter and cutting was estimated to be reduced to 14.2-17.0 EUR per pig if the plant operated at full capacity. This may be considered a lower bound estimate of cost because there are numerous restricting factors on optimising capacity utilisation, such as: 1) number of live animals available for purchase and related logistics; 2) cooling capacity availability; 3) labour availability; 4) market position of the enterprise and potential for marketing additional pig meat products. Enterprises of this scale are recommended to consider producing more value-added products and, accordingly, investing in product development.

JEL Classification: Q13, Q19
The Broken Thread of Asian Culture
Authors: Wile Lawrence
Published: June 2018

Sociobiology derives its atheistic stance from the Darwinian framework of purposeless, naturally selections of random variations of matter in motion. However, explanatory gaps in sociobiology’s explanation of religion, from the initial cosmic singularity to free will, invite a Divine foot in the door. By interpreting yogic, Taoist and Kabbalistic descriptions of the anatomical connection between the human and the divine not as primitive, poetic metaphors but as interoceptions of a little-known, enigmatic, epigenetically suppressed, structure running through the central axis of the central nervous system called Reissner’s fiber. I propose a new theistic sociobiological theory of religion. Justified belief in this theory could epigenetically reawaken the suppressed Reissner’s fiber genes and begin the empirical testing of the theory.
ÇALIŞANLARIN ÖRGÜTSEL MUHALEFETE İLİŞKİN ALGILAMALARININ DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA - A RESEARCH ON EXAMINATION OF THE EMPLOYEES’PERCEPTION ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL DISSENT IN TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHİC VARIABLES
Authors: ALGA Erdal , GÜN EROĞLU Şeyma
Published: June 2018

Giderek hızlanan küresel rekabet ortamında faaliyet
gösteren örgütlerde, istihdam edilen insan kaynağının tüm potansiyelinden
yararlanabilmenin yollarından biri “örgütsel muhalefet”tir. “Örgütsel
muhalefet” ile bütün çalışanların yönetim ve organizasyon süreçlerine büyük
ölçüde katılacakları varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütsel muhalefet olgusunu
katılımcıların demografik özellikleri açısından incelemektir. Araştırma,
Denizli ilinde vasıf düzeyi yüksek insan kaynağının istihdam edildiği hizmet
sektöründeki örgütlerde basit tesadüfi örnekleme ile belirlenen 210 çalışana
anket uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örgütsel muhalefet Örgütsel Muhalefet
Ölçeği ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizinde aritmetik ortalama,
standart sapma, frekans, t-testi,
One-Way ANOVA ve Tukey Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın en dikkat çekici bulgulardan biri, eğitim düzeyi
yüksek olan katılımcıların daha fazla muhalif olma eğiliminde olmalarıdır. Bir
diğer önemli bulgu ise orta yaş üzeri katılımcıların, örgütsel muhalefet
davranışlarıyla işyerinde olumlu değişiklikler yaratabileceklerine olan
inançlarının, daha genç ve tecrübesiz çalışanlardan daha yüksek olmasıdır. Ayrıca
katılımcılara göre, örgüt yöneticileri, çalışanların muhalefetlerini kendi
yetki ve konumlarına karşı bir itaatsizlik olarak algılama eğilimindedirler.
Mortality After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Berstock James R. , Beswick Andrew D. , López-López José A. , Whitehouse Michael R. , Blom Ashley W.
Published: June 2018

Background:

The capacity for total knee arthroplasty to improve pain, quality of life, and functional outcomes is widely recognized. Postoperative mortality is rare but of paramount importance, and needs to be accurately quantified and conveyed to patients in order to support decision-making prior to surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine a contemporary estimate of the risk of mortality following total knee arthroplasty, including the identification of temporal trends, common causes, and modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review with searches of MEDLINE, AMED, CAB Abstracts, and Embase. Studies in any language published from 2006 to 2016 reporting 30 or 90-day mortality following total knee arthroplasty were included, supplemented by contact with authors. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed for quantitative data.

Results:

Thirty-seven studies with mortality data from 15 different countries following over 1.75 million total knee arthroplasties formed the basis of this review. The pooled Poisson-normal random-effects meta-analysis estimates of 30 and 90-day mortality were 0.20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17% to 0.24%) and 0.39% (95% CI, 0.32% to 0.49%). Both estimates have fallen over the 10-year study period (p < 0.001). Meta-regression using the median year of surgery as a moderator showed that 30 and 90-day mortality following total knee arthroplasty fell to 0.10% (95% CI, 0.07% to 0.14%) and 0.19% (95% CI, 0.15% to 0.23%), respectively, in 2015. The leading cause of death was cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:

There is an ongoing worldwide temporal decline in mortality following total knee arthroplasty. Improved patient selection and perioperative care and a healthy-population effect may account for this observation. Efforts to further reduce mortality should be targeted primarily at reducing cardiovascular events following total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Robustness of Trials That Guide Evidence-Based Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Checketts Jake Xavier , Scott Jared T. , Meyer Chase , Horn Jarryd , Jones Jaclyn , Vassar Matt
Published: June 2018

Background:

The fragility index (FI) may prove to be a powerful metric of trial robustness. The FI is the minimum number of patient events that would need to become nonevents in order to nullify a significant result. The fragility quotient (FQ) is the FI divided by the total sample size. This study evaluates the robustness of the 20% of orthopaedic clinical trials that were cited as having strong evidence in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Clinical Practice Guidelines and that could be analyzed with these indices.

Methods:

From the AAOS recommendations with strong evidence, we extracted the randomized controlled trials that were cited as having supporting evidence that could be analyzed with the FI. Each trial’s FI was calculated using the fragility calculator (www.fragilityindex.com). With use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0, we evaluated the likelihood of bias. We also performed a post hoc power analysis of eligible studies.

Results:

The median FI for the 72 trials was 2 events, and the median FQ was 0.022. Of the 72 trials, only 3 (4.2%) were at a low risk of bias, and 35 (48.6%) were at a high risk of bias. Thirty-eight (53%) of the trials were underpowered. We identified a strong correlation between a trial’s FI or FQ and the trial’s power.

Conclusions:

Our study found that trials that provided strong evidence for orthopaedic surgery guidelines were largely fragile, underpowered, and at risk of bias.
One-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Results According to Preoperative Bone Tunnel Diameter
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Kim Jung Suk , Park Soo Yeon , Park Sang Eon
Published: June 2018

Background:

Bone tunnel enlargement is one of the important factors that determine whether a revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) should be performed in 1 or 2 stages. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the mid-term to long-term outcomes of 1-stage revision ACLR according to the amount of preoperative tunnel enlargement.

Methods:

Between January 2002 and January 2012, 88 patients who underwent revision ACLR were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the tunnel diameter (group A, <12 mm; group B, ≥12 mm). Clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] subjective score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score) and knee joint stability (as measured with the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and measurement of the side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on Telos stress radiographs) were evaluated preoperatively and 5 to 15 years postoperatively. The failure rate and survivorship were compared between groups A and B.

Results:

The mean time to final follow-up was 7.9 ± 2.6 years. There were 44 patients in each of the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the postoperative IKDC subjective scores, Lysholm scores, or Tegner activity scores between the groups. However, group A showed superior results on all knee joint stability tests except for the anterior drawer test. There were 3 failures in group A (7%) and 6 in group B (14%). The overall survival rates with failure as the end point were 93.1% and 84.6%, respectively, at 15 years.

Conclusions:

The 5 to 15-year clinical scores following revision ACLR did not differ significantly according to the preoperative amount of tunnel widening. However, the results of the postoperative Lachman and pivot-shift tests as well as the side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on Telos stress radiographs were significantly superior in the group with a preoperative tunnel diameter of <12 mm compared with the group with a tunnel diameter of ≥12 mm.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modern Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Posterior Dislocation of the Native Hip
Authors: Carlson Bayard C. , Desy Nicholas M. , Johnson Joshua D. , Trousdale Robert T. , Leunig Michael , Ganz Reinhold , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Redislocation of the native hip is rare. An anterior fulcrum between the proximal part of the femur and the pelvis must be present for a posterior dislocation to occur. The purpose of this study is to describe the cases of 9 patients with posterior redislocation or recurrent subluxation of the native hip that was treated with hip preservation surgery.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified the cases of 9 patients, from 2 institutions, who had undergone hip preservation surgery for the management of posterior redislocation or recurrent subluxation of the native hip after a dislocation. The mean number of dislocations prior to surgery was 3.2 (range, 1 to 7). Pelvic radiographs were used to classify the acetabular morphology, sufficiency of acetabular containment, and structural anatomy of the proximal part of the femur. Radiographic identification of impinging structures was used to guide surgical treatment, which involved either femoral correction alone or the combination of femoral correction and an anteverting periacetabular osteotomy.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 73.8 months (range, 10 to 192 months), there had been no subsequent episodes of dislocation or subluxation in any of the hips treated with correction of the anatomic pivot point. An algorithmic approach is presented.

Conclusions:

In patients who have episodes of redislocation or recurrent subluxation of the native hip, the identification of anatomic abnormalities that create a fulcrum between the proximal part of the femur and the pelvis is critical for making appropriate treatment decisions.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Surgically Relevant Patterns in Triplane Fractures
Authors: Hadad Matthew J. , Sullivan Brian T. , Sponseller Paul D.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Triplane ankle fractures are complex transitional fractures that often necessitate surgical treatment. Axial fracture lines determine optimal screw trajectories for fixation. The purpose of our study was to identify fracture patterns in triplane fractures by illustrating fracture lines in the axial plane of the distal tibial metaphysis and epiphysis.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed records of children presenting with ankle fractures at 1 center from January 2007 through June 2017. Thirty-three cases of triplane fractures with available computed tomographic (CT) scans were identified. Fractures in the axial plane of the metaphysis were identified 10 mm proximal to the physis, and fractures in the epiphysis were identified midway between the physis and distal tibial articular surface. Fracture lines were drawn and were superimposed on unfractured bone templates to generate fracture maps, and heat maps were then created to show areas of high and low fracture densities.

Results:

In the metaphysis, the most common fracture pattern was medial-lateral lines in the posterior metaphysis. This metaphyseal pattern was consistent across 2, 3, 4, and 5-part fractures. There were clear zones of rare fracture involvement in the anterior and anterolateral metaphysis. In the epiphysis, anterior-to-posterior fracture lines were common in the anterior epiphysis. All cases had an epiphyseal fracture exit through the anterior epiphysis. Fracture extension into the posteromedial epiphysis was a feature of all fracture classes.

Conclusions:

Fracture mapping of triplane fractures suggests consistent axial fracture patterns in the metaphysis and epiphysis with additional class-dependent fractures in the epiphysis. This study provides visual guidelines to assist surgeons in understanding the axial fracture patterns of individual triplane fractures for surgical planning.
Deteksi dan Penggolongan Kendaraan dengan Kalman Filter dan Model Gaussian di Jalan Tol
Authors: Waliulu Raditya Faisal
Published: June 2018

Monitoring systems are widely implemented in various sectors aimed at improving the security and productivity aspects. The research aims to detect moving objects in the form of video file tipefile (* .avi) 640x480 resolution and image class according to pixel area. Moving objects are given in the Region of Interest path for easy detection. Detection on moving objects using methods of Kalman filter and gaussian mixture model. There are two types of distribution, the distribution of Background and Foreground. The form of the Foreground distribution is filtered using Bit Large Object segmentation to obtain the dimensions of the vehicle and morphological operations. The feature extraction results from the vehicle are used for vehicle classification based on pixel dimension. Segmentation results are used by Kalman Filter to calculate the tracking of moving object positions. If the Bit Large Object segmentation is not found moving object, then it is continued on the next frame. The final results of system detection are calculated using Positive True validation, True Negative, False Positive, and False Negative by looking for the sensitivity and specificity of each morning, day and night conditions
SİGORTA KOOPERATİFÇİLİĞİ: TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI
Authors: Demirci Serdar
Published: June 2018

Sigorta,
bir sosyal dayanışma mekanizmasıdır. Kooperatifler ise ortaklarının ekonomik
menfaatlerini koruyup, kollamak ve güçlendirmek amacıyla kurulan, bu amaç
çerçevesinde de ortakları arasında yardımlaşma, dayanışma ve kefalet
fonksiyonlarını" “karşılıklılık” prensibi bağlamında hayata geçiren
ortaklıklardır.  Gerek sigortacılık
gerekse kooperatifçilik, münferit güçlerin birleştirilerek sosyal ve ekonomik
olarak dayanışma halinde sorunların ortaklaşa
ve karşılıklı olarak çözümlenmesinin hedeflendiği benzer modellerdir.
Sigortacılık ve kooperatifçiliğin, bu çerçevede kesiştiği ortak nokta
karşılıklı (mütüel) sigortadır. Karşılıklı sigorta, aynı sahada ticari
faaliyette bulunan grup üyelerinin, birbirlerinin sigortacısı olmasını ve
herhangi bir hasar durumunda, grup üyelerinin katkılarıyla oluşturulmuş fonun,
hasarın karşılanmasında kullanılması esasına dayanan özel bir sigorta
sözleşmesidir. Karşılıklı sigortanın temel karakteristiğini ortaya koyan
"karşılıklılık" (mutuality); ortak menfaatleri için, sigorta fonuna
prim ödemek suretiyle katkı sağlayanların, gerek sigortacılık faaliyeti
sonucunda oluşan ihtiyaç fazlasından pay alabilme gerekse hasar bedelini temin
edebilme hakkına sahip olmalarını ifade etmektedir. Ülkemizde karşılıklı
sigortanın "kooperatif" çatısı altında yürütülmesi tercih edilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada da özetle, karşılıklı sigorta faaliyetinin icra edildiği sigorta
kooperatiflerine ve ülkemizdeki mevcut durumuna değinilmiştir.
Non-financial reporting of companies and the necessity of its confirmation by auditors in Ukraine
Authors: Petryk Olena , Kurylo Оleksii , Karmaza Oleksandra , Makhinchuk Vitalii , Martyniuk Olga
Published: June 2018

The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that the non-financial reporting of business entities and the intensification of process of globalization are becoming nowadays an important source of information for making managerial decisions by different groups of stakeholders. The process of its implementation, definition of types, forms and content remains legally unregulated for Ukraine. A process of its audit requires a systemic solution and an appropriate independent audit opinion.The purpose of the article is to summarize the European and international experience in the field of regulation of drawing up and publication of non-financial reporting, to work out problems of its content definition and to provide proposals for the regulation of these issues in Ukraine, to define the recommended groups of indicators, and to ground the main directions and tasks of their audit.It is proposed to create a general concept for the implementation and development of non-financial reporting in Ukraine, which may require the adoption of the future Law of Ukraine “On Public Non-Financial Reporting”, national standards for its preparation, and relevant methodological recommendations for their implementation. The directions of development of theoretical, organizational and methodical issues of audit of non-financial reporting are provided.A number of valid normative acts of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine in terms of the regulation of audit of non-financial reporting and improvement of professional qualifications of specialists require clarification and accompaniments.
Membrane-based pretreatment to mitigate variations in desalination plants
Authors: Arevalo J. , Sandin R. , Kennedy M. D. , Salinas Rodriguez S. G. , Rogalla F. , Monsalvo V. M.
Published: June 2018

The main source of potable water in high water-stress areas is commonly produced in brackish and seawater desalination plants. Owing to the presence of high concentration of suspended solids, organic matter and colloidal particles in raw water, pretreatment processes are needed for a stable operation of desalination plants. A submerged membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant has been operated as pretreatment of complex brackish surface water to study the filtration performance. The results show the membrane performance, chemical reagent requirements, water quality and cleaning procedures efficiency of an ultrafiltration pilot plant used as pretreatment for a reverse osmosis system. Alternative chemical cleaning procedures have been satisfactorily implemented, which maximize permeability recovery and allow a stable operation.
Characterization CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms Using HRMA in Psychiatry Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disease for Personalized Medicine
Authors: Yenilmez Ebru Dundar , Tamam Lut , Karaytug Onur , Tuli Abdullah
Published: June 2018

Background:

The interindividual genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes effects
the impact and toxicity in plenty of drugs.

Objective:

CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms were characterized
using high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) in follow-up patients in psychiatry clinic as a
preliminary preparation for personalized medicine.

Method:

Genotyping of CYP1A2*1F, CYP2C9 *2, *3, CYP2C19 *2, *3 and *17 and CYP2D6 *3,
*4 was conducted in 101 patients using HRMA. Genotype and allele frequencies of the CYP variants
were found to be in equilibrium with the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

Results:

The frequency of the CYP1A2*1F allele in schizophrenia and bipolar disease was 0.694 and
0.255, respectively. The CYP2C9 allele frequencies were 0.087 (CYP2C9*2), and 0.549
(CYP2C9*3) for bipolar; 0.278 (CYP2C9*2) and 0.648 (CYP2C9*3) in schizophrenias. The
CYP2C19*2 and *17 allele frequencies was 0.111 and 0.185 in schizophrenia and variant *2 was
0.117 and variant *17 was 0.255 in bipolar group. The frequency of the CYP2D6*3 allele was 0.027
in schizophrenias. The frequencies for the CYP2D6*4 variant were 0.092 and 0.096 in schizophrenia
and bipolar groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

The knowledge in pharmacogenomic and also the developments in molecular genetics
are growing rapidly. In future, this can be expected to provide new methodologies in the prediction
of the activity in drug metabolizing enzymes. The HRMA is a rapid and useful technique to identify
the genotypes for drug dosage adjustment before therapy in psychiatry patients.