bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE PROPERTIES OF SLOW MHD SAUSAGE WAVES WITHIN SMALL-SCALE PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Freij N. , Dorotovič I. , Morton R. J. , Ruderman M. S. , Karlovský V. , Erdélyi R.
Published: January 2016

The presence of magnetoacoustic waves in magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere is well-documented. Applying the technique of solar magneto-seismology (SMS) allows us to infer the background properties of these structures. Here, we aim to identify properties of the observed magnetoacoustic waves and study the background properties of magnetic structures within the lower solar atmosphere. Using the Dutch Open Telescope and Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere instruments, we captured two series of high-resolution intensity images with short cadences of two isolated magnetic pores. Combining wavelet analysis and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), we determined characteristic periods within the cross-sectional (i.e., area) and intensity time series. Then, by applying the theory of linear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), we identified the mode of these oscillations within the MHD framework. Several oscillations have been detected within these two magnetic pores. Their periods range from 3 to 20 minutes. Combining wavelet analysis and EMD enables us to confidently find the phase difference between the area and intensity oscillations. From these observed features, we concluded that the detected oscillations can be classified as slow sausage MHD waves. Furthermore, we determined several key properties of these oscillations such as the radial velocity perturbation, the magnetic field perturbation, and the vertical wavenumber using SMS. The estimated range of the related wavenumbers reveals that these oscillations are trapped within these magnetic structures. Our results suggest that the detected oscillations are standing harmonics, and this allows us to estimate the expansion factor of the waveguides by employing SMS. The calculated expansion factor ranges from 4 to 12.
TIME DEPENDENT NONEQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION OF TRANSITION REGION LINES OBSERVED WITH IRIS
Authors: Martínez-Sykora Juan , Pontieu Bart De , Hansteen Viggo H. , Gudiksen Boris
Published: January 2016

The properties of nonstatistical equilibrium ionization of silicon and oxygen ions are analyzed in this work. We focus on five solar targets (quiet Sun; coronal hole; plage; quiescent active region, AR; and flaring AR) as observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). IRIS is best suited for this work owing to the high cadence (up to 0.5 s), high spatial resolution (up to 0.″32), and high signal-to-noise ratios for O iv λ1401 and Si iv λ1402. We find that the observed intensity ratio between lines of three times ionized silicon and oxygen ions depends on their total intensity and that this correlation varies depending on the region observed (quiet Sun, coronal holes, plage, or active regions) and on the specific observational objects present (spicules, dynamic loops, jets, microflares, or umbra). In order to interpret the observations, we compare them with synthetic profiles taken from 2D self-consistent radiative MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere, where the statistical equilibrium or nonequilibrium treatment of silicon and oxygen is applied. These synthetic observations show vaguely similar correlations to those in the observations, i.e., between the intensity ratios and their intensities, but only in the nonequilibrium case do we find that (some of) the observations can be reproduced. We conclude that these lines are formed out of statistical equilibrium. We use our time-dependent nonequilibrium ionization simulations to describe the physical mechanisms behind these observed properties.
OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF CORONAL LOOP HEATING AND COOLING DRIVEN BY FOOTPOINT SHUFFLING
Authors: Dahlburg R. B. , Einaudi G. , Taylor B. D. , Ugarte-Urra I. , Warren H. P. , Rappazzo A. F. , Velli M.
Published: January 2016

The evolution of a coronal loop is studied by means of numerical simulations of the fully compressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations using the HYPERION code. The footpoints of the loop magnetic field are advected by random motions. As a consequence, the magnetic field in the loop is energized and develops turbulent nonlinear dynamics characterized by the continuous formation and dissipation of field-aligned current sheets: energy is deposited at small scales where heating occurs. Dissipation is nonuniformly distributed so that only a fraction of the coronal mass and volume gets heated at any time. Temperature and density are highly structured at scales that, in the solar corona, remain observationally unresolved: the plasma of our simulated loop is multithermal, where highly dynamical hotter and cooler plasma strands are scattered throughout the loop at sub-observational scales. Numerical simulations of coronal loops of 50,000 km length and axial magnetic field intensities ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 T are presented. To connect these simulations to observations, we use the computed number densities and temperatures to synthesize the intensities expected in emission lines typically observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode. These intensities are used to compute differential emission measure distributions using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain code, which are very similar to those derived from observations of solar active regions. We conclude that coronal heating is found to be strongly intermittent in space and time, with only small portions of the coronal loop being heated: in fact, at any given time, most of the corona is cooling down.
THE ENIGMATIC AND EPHEMERAL M DWARF SYSTEM KOI 6705: CHESHIRE CAT OR WILD GOOSE?
Authors: Eric Gaidos  , Mann Andrew W. , Ansdell Megan
Published: January 2016

We confirm a 0.995 day periodic planetary transit-like signal, KOI 6705.01, in the Kepler light curve of the star KIC 6423922. Optical and infrared spectra show that this star is a mid M-type dwarf with an effective temperature

K, metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.08 ± 0.10, radius

R
⊙, and mass = 0.28 ± 0.05M
⊙. The star is

pc away and its space motion, rotation period, and lack of Hα emission indicate it is an older member of the “thin disk” population. On the other hand, the star exhibits excess infrared emission suggesting a dust disk more typical of a very young star. If the KOI 6705.01 signal is produced by a planet, the transit depth of 60 ppm means its radius is only

R
⊕, or about the size of the Moon. However, the duration (

hr) and time variation of KOI 6705.01 are anomalous: the signal was undetected in the first two years of the mission and increased through the latter two years. These characteristics require implausible orbits and material properties for any planet and rule out such an explanation, although a dust cloud is possible. We excluded several false positive scenarios including background stars, scattered light from stars that are nearby on the sky, and electronic cross-talk between detector readout channels. We find the most likely explanation to be that KOI 6705.01 is a false positive created by charge transfer inefficiency in a detector column on which KIC 6423922 and a 1.99 day eclipsing binary both happened to fall.
LUMINOSITY DEPENDENCE AND REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF STRONG EMISSION-LINE DIAGNOSTICS IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES*
Authors: Cowie L. L. , Barger A. J. , Songaila A.
Published: January 2016

We examine the redshift evolution of standard strong emission-line diagnostics for Hβ-selected star-forming galaxies using the local SDSS sample and a new

sample obtained from Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 grism and Keck DEIMOS and MOSFIRE data. We use the SDSS galaxies to show that there is a systematic dependence of the strong emission-line properties on Balmer-line luminosity, which we interpret as showing that both the N/O abundance and the ionization parameter increase with increasing line luminosity. Allowing for the luminosity dependence tightens the diagnostic diagrams and the metallicity calibrations. The combined SDSS and high-redshift samples show that there is no redshift evolution in the line properties once the luminosity correction is applied, i.e., all galaxies with a given

) have similar strong emission-line distributions at all the observed redshifts. We argue that the best metal diagnostic for the high-redshift galaxies may be a luminosity-adjusted version of the [N ii]6584/Hα metallicity relation.
GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES. II. NGC 6166
Authors: Harris William E. , Blakeslee John P. , Whitmore Bradley C. , Gnedin Oleg Y. , Geisler Douglas , Rothberg Barry
Published: January 2016

We present new deep photometry of the globular cluster system (GCS) around NGC 6166, the central supergiant galaxy in Abell 2199. Hubble Space Telescope data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and WFC3 cameras in F475W and F814W are used to determine the spatial distribution of the GCS, its metallicity distribution function (MDF), and the dependence of the MDF on galactocentric radius and on GC luminosity. The MDF is extremely broad, with the classic red and blue subpopulations heavily overlapped, but a double-Gaussian model can still formally match the MDF closely. The spatial distribution follows a Sérsic-like profile detectably to a projected radius of at least R
gc = 250 kpc. To that radius, the total number of clusters in the system is N
GC = 39000 ± 2000, the global specific frequency is S

N
 = 11.2 ± 0.6, and 57% of the total are blue, metal-poor clusters. The GCS may fade smoothly into the intracluster medium (ICM) of A2199; we see no clear transition from the core of the galaxy to the cD halo or the ICM. The radial distribution, projected ellipticity, and mean metallicity of the red (metal-richer) clusters match the halo light extremely well for

, both of them varying as

. By comparison, the blue (metal-poor) GC component has a much shallower falloff

and a more nearly spherical distribution. This strong difference in their density distributions produces a net metallicity gradient in the GCS as a whole that is primarily generated by the population gradient. With NGC 6166 we appear to be penetrating into a regime of high enough galaxy mass and rich enough environment that the bimodal two-phase description of GC formation is no longer as clear or effective as it has been in smaller galaxies.
ISOTROPY CONSTRAINTS ON POWERFUL SOURCES OF ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS AT 1019 eV
Authors: Takami Hajime , Murase Kohta , Dermer Charles D.
Published: January 2016

Anisotropy in the arrival direction distribution of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) produced by powerful sources is numerically evaluated. We show that nondetection of significant anisotropy at

eV at present and in future experiments imposes general upper limits on UHECR proton luminosity of steady sources as a function of source redshifts. The upper limits constrain the existence of typical steady

eV UHECR sources in the local universe and limit their local density to

Mpc

assuming average intergalactic magnetic fields less than

G. This isotropy, being stronger than that measured at the highest energies, may indicate the transient generation of UHECRs. Our calculations are applied for extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 1101–232, and 1ES 0347–121, to test the UHECR-induced cascade model, in which beamed UHECR protons generate TeV radiation in transit from sources. While the magnetic-field structure surrounding the sources affects the required absolute cosmic-ray luminosity of the blazars, the magnetic-field structure surrounding the Milky Way directly affects the observed anisotropy. If these magnetic fields are weak enough, significant UHECR anisotropy from these blazars is detectable by the Pierre Auger Observatory unless the maximum energy of UHECR protons is below 1019 eV. Furthermore, if these are the sources of UHECRs above 1019 eV, a local magnetic structure surrounding the Milky Way is needed to explain the observed isotropy at

eV, which may be incompatible with large magnetic structures around all galaxies for the UHECR-induced cascade model to work with reasonable jet powers.
A HARD GAMMA-RAY FLARE FROM 3C 279 IN 2013 DECEMBER
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Diltz Chris , Böttcher Markus , Stalin C. S. , Buckley David
Published: January 2016

The blazar 3C 279 exhibited twin γ-ray flares of similar intensity in 2013 December and 2014 April. In this work, we present a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of the 2013 December flaring event. Multi-frequency observations reveal the uncorrelated variability patterns with X-ray and optical–UV fluxes peaking after the γ-ray maximum. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) at the peak of the γ-ray activity shows a rising γ-ray spectrum but a declining optical–UV flux. This observation along with the detection of uncorrelated variability behavior rules out the one-zone leptonic emission scenario. We, therefore, adopt two independent methodologies to explain the SED: a time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling and a two-zone leptonic radiative modeling approach. In the lepto-hadronic modeling, a distribution of electrons and protons subjected to a randomly orientated magnetic field produces synchrotron radiation. Electron synchrotron is used to explain the IR to UV emission while proton synchrotron emission is used to explain the high-energy γ-ray emission. A combination of both electron synchrotron self-Compton emission and proton synchrotron emission is used to explain the X-ray spectral break seen during the later stage of the flare. In the two-zone modeling, we assume a large emission region emitting primarily in IR to X-rays and γ-rays to come primarily from a fast-moving compact emission region. We conclude by noting that within a span of four months, 3C 279 has shown the dominance of a variety of radiative processes over each other and this reflects the complexity involved in understanding the physical properties of blazar jets in general.
A GeV SOURCE IN THE DIRECTION OF SUPERNOVA REMNANT CTB 37B
Authors: Xin Yu-Liang , Liang Yun-Feng , Li Xiang , Yuan Qiang , Liu Si-Ming , Wei Da-Ming
Published: January 2016

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the most attractive candidates for the acceleration sites of Galactic cosmic rays. We report the detection of GeV γ-ray emission with the Pass 8 events recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in the vicinity of the shell-type SNR CTB 37B that is likely associated with the TeV γ-ray source HESS J1713–381. The photon spectrum of CTB 37B is consistent with a power law with an index of 1.89 ± 0.08 in the energy range of 0.5–500 GeV, and the measured flux connects smoothly with that of HESS J1713–381 at a few hundred GeV. No significant spatial extension and time variation are detected. The multi-wavelength data can be well fitted with either a leptonic model or a hadronic one. However, parameters of both models suggest more efficient particle acceleration than typical SNRs. Meanwhile, the X-ray and γ-ray spectral properties of CTB 37B show that it is an interesting source bridging young SNRs dominated by non-thermal emission and old SNRs interacting with molecular clouds.
Checklist of the subfamily Adoncholaiminae Gerlach and Riemann, 1974 (Nematoda: Oncholaimida: Oncholaimidae) of the world: genera, species, distribution, and reference list for taxonomists and ecologists
Authors: Shimada Daisuke
Published: January 2016

Adoncholaiminae is one of the seven subfamilies in the free-living aquatic nematode family Oncholaimidae. Nematodes in Adoncholaiminae are found from various water environment of the world. However, a checklist of all Adoncholaiminae species including full literature, especially information of experimental (not taxonomic) works, has not been updated for more than 40 years.

A revised checklist of the subfamily Adoncholaiminae of the world is provided. It contains 31 valid and 13 invalid species names in four genera with synonyms, collection records, and full literature from 1860's to 2015 for each species. A literature survey of total 477 previous papers was conducted in this work, and 362 of them are newly added to checklist.
New records of chalcidid (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) pupal parasitoids from India
Authors: Gowri Prakash , Manickavasagam Sagadai , Kanagarajan Rasappan
Published: January 2016

Chalcidids are one of the most important parasitoids of pupae of agriculturally important pests belonging to orders like Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Such an important group has not been studied consistently by any team of workers from any country apart from the notable contributions by Boucek, Steffan, Delvare and Narendran. (Boucek 1988, Steffan 1973, Delvare 1992 and Narendran 1989). On a personal note, Dr. John S Noyes of Natural History Museum London agrees with this view as expressed with the second author and hence we felt that we can initiate further work on this group within India. We currently hold hundreds of unidentified specimens of this family in our department collection confirming that we will have much work to do over a long period of time.

New distribution records of Chalcididae from Andhra Pradesh (Brachymeria megaspila, B. minuta, Dirhinus anthracia and D. auratus), Bihar (B. podagrica, B. excarinata, B. hearseyi, D. anthracia, D. auratus, D. pilifer, Epitranus erythrogaster and Psilochalcis carinigena), Karnataka (B. apicicornis), Manipur (B. euploeae, D. auratus and E. erythrogaster), Mizoram (B. euploeae and D. anthracia), Nagaland (B. euploeae), Himachal Pradesh (B. alternipes), and Tamil Nadu (B. apicicornis, D. anthracia, D. deplanatus, D. pilifer, D. bakeri, E. observator, E. elongatulus, P. keralensis and P. soudanensis) and union territories Andaman & Nicobar Islands (B. podagrica, B. excarinata, E. erythrogaster and P. carinigena) and Pudhucherry (B. albicrus, D. anthracia, D. auratus, E. erythrogaster and P. kerelensis) are documented from the unidentified material mentioned above.
Séduire à l’ère du numérique : une séduction polymorphe à l’adolescence
Authors: Tordo Frédéric
Published: January 2016

La séduction est un procédé visant à susciter délibérément l’admiration, l’attirance, voire l’amour d’un individu. À l’adolescence, le numérique est un révélateur des différentes formes de la séduction. La plupart du temps, l’adolescent séduit l’autre, ou est séduit par lui, par une image, mais il est aussi régulièrement trompé par un individu qui se présente autrement que ce qu’il est, jouant avec les outils caractéristiques de la communication numérique. Aussi, le numérique féconde la séduction en son double sens : attirer un autre vers soi, mais aussi le conduire ailleurs, le tromper ou le détourner. La « séduction numérique » est alors polymorphe dans ses expressions, dans la mesure où elle est gouvernée par des exigences différentes : sexuelle, amoureuse, mais encore traumatique et narcissique.
Les voi(x)es de la séduction
Authors: Ferveur Christophe
Published: January 2016

De la séduction biblique originelle à la situation psychothérapique, le « grain » de la voix, sa matière, mobilise les enjeux complexes de la séduction, à la fois dans ce qu’il offre d’expressivité pour habiter une parole affectée, mais aussi dans ses potentialités d’évocation du trauma. Se laisser séduire, goûter au plaisir de l’écoute entre le son et le sens, est toujours promesse d’entendre autrement ce qui se dit sans se dire.
Dynamique de séduction à l’adolescence : illustration littéraire et cinématographique
Authors: Le Run Jean-Louis
Published: January 2016

Pour analyser les rapports de séduction entre adolescent et adultes référents (professeur, éducateurs, psys, etc.), l’auteur confronte trois œuvres de fiction, roman ou films, trois Bildungsdramas du début du xx e siècle au début du xxi e siècle, mettant en scène ce type de situation, et en dégage les points communs. Si elles conduisent à une transformation maturative et identitaire, elles comportent toutes une dimension transgressive et perverse appelant une sanction, un rappel à la Loi, qui prend la forme d’un sacrifice, et requièrent dans leur développement une transformation spatiale. Elles convoquent des fantasmes originaires et des scènes pubertaires, ce qui renvoie au travail psychique de l’adolescence, confrontation du pubertaire et de l’adolescens, selon la conception de Philippe Gutton. Dans ce contexte, les adultes référents, qui peuvent exercer une séduction ou être séduits, doivent savoir garder la bonne mesure éthique.
« Zone proximale de séduction » et orthophonie
Authors: Faure Ludovic , Wagenaar Charlotte
Published: January 2016

La relation entre l’orthophoniste et l’enfant peut voir émerger différents comportements de séduction de la part de ce dernier, qui font, tout autant que les comportements d’opposition, obstacle à la prise en charge. Cet article les interroge en décrivant leurs formes, en questionnant ce qui les motive et ce qui peut amener l’enfant à s’en détacher pour investir les apprentissages à travers trois histoires cliniques.
Pluralité des ressources pour l’action dans les processus de transition formation-emploi chez les enseignants du secondaire
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse , Lanéelle Xavière
Published: January 2016

La recherche s’inscrit dans une perspective sociologique à visée compréhensive. Elle s’intéresse aux processus de construction de la professionnalité enseignante, aux dynamiques d’insertion professionnelle et aux ressources plurielles mobilisées par les néo-enseignants du secondaire. La méthodologie de l’enquête est double : quantitative avec un questionnaire mis en ligne entre février et avril 2013 (n=160), qualitative avec 12 entretiens semi-directifs conduits avec des fonctionnaires-stagiaires de différentes disciplines. Les résultats mettent en lumière un système de ressources mobilisant normes institutionnelles relayées par la formation initiale et continue, cultures professionnelles plus ou moins partagées et formes de soutien dans lesquelles le rapport au tuteur prend une place essentielle. On constate que « l’idéal du métier » sert à orienter l’activité. Les élèves, bien que parfois déroutants, constituent aussi une ressource essentielle.
Les ressources exploitées par les enseignants d’EPS au cours de leur première année d’expérience professionnelle : Analyse et perspectives pour la formation
Authors: Adé David , Gal-Petitfaux Nathalie , Serres Guillaume
Published: January 2016

Cette recherche étudie l’activité de cinq enseignants fonctionnaires stagiaires (FS) en Éducation physique et sportive au cours de leur première année de prise de fonction dans le but d’identifier les ressources qu’ils mobilisent pour appréhender leur situation professionnelle. Elle a été conduite dans le cadre théorique et méthodologique du cours d’action (Theureau, 2004, 2006 et 2009). Deux types de données ont été recueillis : des données d’expérience sous la forme de « Web Récit » et des données de verbalisation lors d’entretiens de remise en situation. Les résultats mettent en avant la grande diversité des ressources mobilisées, dont une pluralité de formes d’expérience jouant aussi ce rôle de ressources. La nature et les modalités d’usage de ces ressources montrent que les FS accordent un primat aux savoirs subordonnés à leur action professionnelle. Sur cette base, des pistes pour la formation sont envisagées.
De l’importance de la culture pour repenser le langage féministe
Authors: Niranjana Tejaswini , Kac-Vergne Marianne
Published: January 2016

Montrant comment la question de la culture a été une partie importante non seulement de la vie des femmes mais aussi des récits de la nation, du langage et de la politique dans le contexte indien, cet essai milite pour l’étude des éléments particuliers qui forment les modernités de l’Asie et des traductions qui participent à modeler les idées, les descriptions et les pratiques y afférant. Centré sur la relation entre le genre et la culture, l’article plaide pour une reconsidération des politiques et de la praxis féministes afin de mieux répondre aux besoins et aux enjeux du présent, un présent qui englobe à la fois nos expériences vécues et les champs d’investigation qui tentent de les illuminer.
Le genre dans la crise, ou ce qui arrive aux « femmes » dans les temps difficiles
Authors: Avdela Efi , Morichon Danielle
Published: January 2016

L’article soutient à partir du cas grec que la crise économique actuelle, tout en affectant de manière disproportionnée les femmes, rend le genre invisible. En se focalisant sur les « femmes qui travaillent », Efi Avdela montre que cela n’a pas toujours été le cas : durant l’entre-deux-guerres, par exemple, les contenus attribués à la différence des sexes étaient politisés et le genre était visible. Le manque actuel de visibilité du genre consacre son sens en tant que différence naturelle, dissimulant les structures de pouvoir genrées qui répartissent et légitiment les conséquences sociales et politiques de la crise. Enfin, l’auteure soutient qu’il existe une relation entre l’invisibilité du genre et la place marginale des études sur le genre dans une grande partie des sciences sociales de la Grèce contemporaine.
Des âmes à l’unisson
Authors: Schnegg Brigitte
Published: January 2016

Dans cet article, Brigitte Schnegg († 2014) analyse l’histoire de l’amitié qui se reconfigure lors de l’ Aufklärung et de l’ Empfindsamkeit de l’espace germanophone du XVIII e siècle. S’inscrivant dans l’histoire sociale et des mentalités, l’auteure reconstruit en termes de genre des pratiques amicales entre des hommes et des femmes de lettres en Suisse, en particulier celles de Christoph Martin Wieland. Elle analyse les contours de l’amitié, sa différence avec l’amour, ses significations et ses effets sur les interprétations de soi des personnes qui se définissent dans une relation d’amitié. L’auteure apporte alors sa contribution à la compréhension des changements de valeurs qui marquent la naissance de la société bourgeoise.
“Joannes Stradanus faciebat”: un dibujo preparatorio para el grabado de la pala de altar de S. Anna in Giolica di Prato en la colección de la Biblioteca Nacional de España
Authors: Pezzuto Luca
Published: January 2016

El dibujo que representa a Santa Ana Metterza con San Nicolás de Tolentino y San Agustín conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España es obra inédita del pintor flamenco Jan Var der Straet y una de las pruebas definitivas del cuadro existente en el altar mayor de la iglesia de Santa Anna in Giolica en Prato.
Les marbres et jaspes siciliens utilisés dans la pratique décorative à « marmi mischi »
Authors: Montana Giuseppe , Gagliardo Briuccia Valentina
Published: January 2016

Depuis l’Antiquité classique, la Sicile est bien connue pour l’abondance de ses marbres d’une rare beauté et d’une grande valeur (Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, livre XVI ; Juvénal, Satires ; Ateneo, Deopnosophiste). C’est au début du xviie siècle, c’est-à-dire au moment de l’éclosion du goût décoratif baroque, que l’extraction des marbres polychromes et des jaspes multicolores s’accroît considérablement. Très abondants en Sicile occidentale, ces matériaux sont utilisés pour la décoration des églises et des palais.Les décors à commesso en marbre, autrement dits « marmi mischi e tramischi », se retrouvent en particulier dans les églises baroques à Palerme, à Messine, à Catane et à Trapani. Au même titre que les stucs, les décors à marmi mischi sont considérés comme l’innovation la plus importante apportée par la culture sicilienne à l’art européen. Ce phénomène voit son origine dans les échanges commerciaux entre la Sicile et la Toscane dès la seconde moitié du xve siècle. En effet, l’importation du marbre blanc statuaire des Apennins a favorisé l’apprentissage de la marqueterie toscane en Sicile. La diffusion des marbres et des jaspes siciliens en Toscane, ainsi qu’à Rome, à Naples et à Gênes a perduré pendant les deux siècles suivants.L’article offre une synthèse concise des résultats principaux d’une recherche complète. Il est structuré en quatre parties : étude des documents et des textes anciens qui contiennent tous genres d’informations sur les matériaux et les objets ; étude et classification des collections lithiques des xviiie et xixe siècles ; reconnaissance des matériaux utilisés dans les églises et dans les palais siciliens ; localisation des anciennes carrières et évaluation d’une nouvelle exploitation.
Une enquête singulière en Languedoc dans la première moitié du xviie siècle
Authors: Beauregard Alain de
Published: January 2016

Si nul ne peut contester la richesse de rares fonds d’archives privés, les habitués des archives publiques savent combien les documents concernant les marbres des Pyrénées sont rares, au point qu’en leur absence les historiens de jadis attribuèrent bien généreusement les plus belles parures de nos palais à l’Italie. Cette carence de documents concerne généralement le xvie siècle, les règnes des deux premiers Bourbons, pour ne rien dire des périodes antérieures. Aussi peut-on qualifier de singulière cette enquête de 1631, effroyable année de peste, qui, pour être soumise à votre appréciation, fut diligentée à l’initiative du sculpteur languedocien Pierre Monge. Sous une simplicité apparente ce document nous renseigne sur l’état du petit monde du marbre en Comminges au xviie siècle, sur ses acteurs économiques principaux, marchands, artistes, commanditaires, sur les convoyages et la fiscalité. Au fil d’une double enquête vous serez étonnés d’y découvrir les personnalités attachantes d’un homme à la fois architecte du roi et sculpteur jusqu’à ce jour inconnu, avec le bonheur de leur accorder sûrement la place d’honneur qui sied, si longtemps refusée.
Marbres et pierres dures dans les châteaux prussiens, la galerie des Tableaux de Frédéric le Grand à Sans-Souci
Authors: Sommer Claudia , Klappenbach Stefan
Published: January 2016

L’article évoque le travail des pierres naturelles et souligne leur signification culturelle dans l’architecture intérieure sous le règne de Frédéric II (1740-1786). En effet, la salle de bal, la galerie et le vestibule constituent les trois ensembles remarquables de Potsdam, avec leurs parements luxueux de placages de marbres et de riches incrustations dans les pavements. Bien que ce style ne puisse être rapproché d’aucune tradition particulière, il représente un travail artistique et technique à maturité. Le commanditaire royal a-t-il souhaité donner libre cours à ses goûts esthétiques personnels ou utilise-t-il de luxueux matériaux pour une mise en scène du pouvoir royal et de sa personne ? Pour y répondre, il convient de mettre en lumière le rôle actif de Frédéric II dans la découverte et l’exploitation des marbres et des pierres précieuses de Silésie à partir de 1747, ainsi que dans la création d’une manufacture de pierres à Potsdam. Un exemple significatif est donné par la galerie des Tableaux dans le parc de Sans-Souci, dont la restauration en 1993-1996 a permis d’importantes découvertes sur la constitution des matériaux et leur façonnage.
Les marbres d’Espagne dans la décoration du palais de la Granja de San Ildefonso
Authors: Herrero Sanz María Jesús
Published: January 2016

Au xviiie siècle, la construction et la décoration des grandes résidences royales sont considérées non seulement comme le symbole de la grandeur et de la puissance du monarque, mais aussi comme une contribution généreuse de celui-ci au bien public. A cet égard, l’histoire de la construction du palais et des jardins de la Granja (1720-1746), lieu de retraite de Philippe V, est aussi complexe que passionnante. D’énormes quantités de marbres ont été utilisées, en provenance de plusieurs carrières espagnoles, ainsi que de Gênes. Ces marbres sont employés dans la galerie dessinée par Procaccini pour accueillir la collection de sculptures achetée à Christine de Suède en 1724. Cette galerie n’a jamais été terminée ; toutefois, les marbres ont servi à la décoration d’autres éléments architecturaux du rez-de-chaussée du palais, par exemple les cheminées de l’héritage du Dauphin. D’autres marbres provenant de carrières espagnoles ont été employés au pavement des pièces principales sur les dessins de l’architecte Bonavia.
Les marbriers des Bâtiments du roi
Authors: Mouquin Sophie
Published: January 2016

Matériau noble, symbole de beauté, de pouvoir et d’éternité, le marbre est sous l’Ancien Régime, et particulièrement sous le règne de Louis XIV et la Régence, un matériau royal. Toutes les maisons royales reçoivent pavements, lambris et cheminées réalisés dans des marbres aux couleurs vives, provenant pour la plupart de carrières du royaume. Leur origine répond ainsi à la politique royale du marbre français que les directeurs des Bâtiments du roi s’efforcent de mettre en place et de consolider. Tous ces travaux ont leurs artisans : Derbais, Dezègre, Pasquier, Ménard, Mathaut, Lisquy, Tarlé, Trouard, etc., autant de noms indissociables des réalisations marbrières dans les maisons royales, mais si souvent oubliés. Ils jouent pourtant, dans ce domaine, un rôle de premier plan à tous niveaux, de la carrière au chantier. L’exposé présente l’organisation de ce corps de métier, sa place au sein des Bâtiments du roi et son rôle dans la politique marbrière. Il s’appuie sur les principales réalisations versaillaises, comme l’appartement des bains, l’escalier des Ambassadeurs, l’escalier de la Reine, la galerie des Glaces, le salon d’Hercule, les cheminées et les lambris des appartements du Roi et de la Reine. Il évoquera le chantier des jardins avec le bosquet de la Colonnade et d’autres bosquets.
Creating Product Innovation Strategies through Knowledge Management in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2016

This chapter aims to create product innovation strategies through knowledge management (KM) in global business, thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of product innovation strategy and KM; the significance of product innovation strategies and KM in global business; and the creation of product innovation strategies through KM in global business. The capability of product innovation strategies and KM is significant for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and attain regular success in global business. Modern organizations should establish a strategic plan to create product innovation strategies through KM. The chapter argues that creating product innovation strategies through KM has the potential to improve organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in global business.
Building Information Modelling in Cameroon
Authors: Abanda F. H. , Manjia M. B. , Pettang C. , Tah Joseph H. M. , Nkeng G. E.
Published: January 2016

BIM has recently gained ground in developed countries. However, the use of BIM in developing countries including Cameroon is not well-known. In this study, BIM implementation in Cameroon is explored. The research methods used are a pilot study, electronic email surveys and in-depth phone interviews. Altogether, 179 professionals having at least a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering from the National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé I - Cameroon, a leading engineering institution in Francophone Africa, were sampled. Forty six provided feedback yielding a response rate of 25.7%. It emerged that some BIM software are already being used in Cameroon. However, major barriers hindering BIM uptake are high license fee and lack of huge projects that can pay off the cost of investment in BIM. Perhaps, partly because the respondents were highly skilled, it emerged that the lack of expertise was/is not a major problem to use BIM in projects. Although this study is limited to Cameroon, many recommendations could be relevant to other African countries.
Determination of Pull Out Capacity of Small Ground Anchor Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Samui Pijush
Published: January 2016

The determination of pull out capacity (Q) of small ground anchor is an imperative task in civil engineering. This chapter employs three data mining techniques (Genetic Programming [GP], Gaussian Process Regression [GPR], and Minimax Probability Machine Regression [MPMR]) for determination of Q of small ground anchor. Equivalent anchor diameter (Deq), embedment depth (L), average cone resistance (qc) along the embedment depth, average sleeve friction (fs) along the embedment depth, and Installation Technique (IT) are used as inputs of the models. The output of models is Q. GP is an evolutionary computing method. The basic idea of GP has been taken from the concept of Genetic Algorithm. GPR is a probabilistic non-parametric modelling approach. It determines the parameter from the given datasets. The output of GPR is a normal distribution. MPMR has been developed based on the principal mimimax probability machine classification. The developed GP, GPR, and MPMR are compared with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This chapter also gives a comparative study between GP, GPR, and MPMR models.
Structural Non-Linear Models and Simulation Techniques
Authors: Delgado Jorge M. , Henriques Antonio Abel R. , Delgado Raimundo M.
Published: January 2016

Advances in computer technology allow nowadays the use of powerful computational models to describe the non-linear structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However their utilization for structural analysis and design is not so easy to be combined with the partial safety factors criteria presented in civil engineering international codes. Trying to minimize this type of difficulties, it is proposed a method for safety verification of RC structures based on a probabilistic approach. This method consists in the application of non-linear structural numerical models and simulation methods. In order to reduce computational time consuming the Latin Hypercube sampling method was adopted, providing a constrained sampling scheme instead of general random sampling like Monte Carlo method. The proposed methodology permits to calculate the probability of failure of RC structures, to evaluate the accuracy of any design criteria and, in particular, the accuracy of simplified structural design rules, like those proposed in civil engineering codes.
A Distributed and Local-World Topology Evolution Model for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zhang Changlun , Li Chao , Mu Haibing
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a new evolution model based on complex network among the cluster heads in wireless sensor network is proposed. The evolution model considered distributed and local-world mechanism during the evolving process. The theoretical analysis of this model exhibits a power-law degree distribution with mean-field theory, which provides good fault-tolerance. The degree exponent is not a fixed number, which changes with the distribution of the cluster heads and the energy as well as the communication radius. Furthermore, the degree exponent can lead to an upper limit -2 when the distribution of the cluster heads and the energy are both uniform distribution. Analysis and simulation show that the network exhibits well robustness and a power-law degree distribution.
Cyberattacks on Critical Infrastructure and Potential Sustainable Development Impacts
Authors: Mezher Toufic , El Khatib Sameh , Sooriyaarachchi Thilanka Maduwanthi
Published: January 2016

Because of advancement in information and communication technologies, modern infrastructure systems are currently operated, monitored and controlled by automated systems such as distributed process control networks and supervisory control and data acquisition. Such systems will make the critical infrastructures in any country vulnerable to failures caused by either operational failures or to potential cyberattacks similar to Stuxnet and Night Dragon. The objective of this paper is to shed the light on the synergy between cybersecurity and sustainable development in relation to the potential social, economic, and environment consequences of potential cybersecurity attacks on critical infrastructures. Examples of both operational and cybersecurity incidents are shown including their sustainable development implications.
A Computer-Aided Conceptual Cost Estimating System for Pre-Stressed Concrete Road Bridges
Authors: Fragkakis Nikolaos , Lambropoulos Sergios , Pantouvakis John-Paris
Published: January 2016

The need for an environmentally friendly design of modern motorways increases the construction of bridges, which has exhibited substantial overruns above estimated costs. Therefore, easy to use, inexpensive and accurate methods for conceptual cost estimating are needed. This paper presents a computer-aided cost estimating system for pre-stressed concrete road bridges that provides estimates of the material quantities and cost of all bridge elements. It relies on a database incorporating actual data collected from recently constructed bridges and exploits material estimating models developed with statistical analysis. Different configurations are devised from short to long-span bridges, accounting for the major deck construction methods and foundation systems. The system can be easily used to provide different cost estimates to the owner, designer and contractor during the project's early stages. By allowing reliable cost estimates in a short time, the proposed computer-aided system represents a useful decision making tool.
Smart Technologies for Sustainable Mobility
Authors: Ercoskun Ozge Yalciner
Published: January 2016

The emergence of easy mapping tools, widespread cellular network, declining costs of smartphones and increasing internet use by public agencies provide new opportunities towards the betterment of public transport management. Applying decision support systems such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to public transportation tailors transit services to urban dwellers' needs, reducing eco-footprint while making them more accessible. This chapter aims to explore how GIS and ICT can be used for more eco-friendly public transport and improved sense of community. The chapter posits the positive impact of mobile phones and social media towards sustainable mobility. Multi-modal journey planners, mobile bus ticketing, demand responsive transit systems, eco-taxis, electric car and bicycle sharing are explained with examples from the world. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges and future options for using smartphones, social networking and the position of disadvantaged groups in sustainable mobility.
Laser Scanning for the Evaluation of Historic Structures
Authors: Riveiro Belen , Conde-Carnero Borja , Arias-Sánchez Pedro
Published: January 2016

In the last times, laser scanning is being massively used to perform reverse engineering of different built-up structures, both modern and historic ones, providing detailed geometry. This chapter presents an introduction to the technology so topics like the physic fundamentals of laser scanners, instrumentation (static and mobile platforms) and the advantages of each method. This chapter aims to illustrate the optimal application of laser scanning to the field of structural engineering in order to ease the adoption of the technology by engineers outside of the geomatic domain. The chapter presents a review of different case studies where laser scanning allowed very precise and very detailed geometric characterization of historic structures in order to obtain an objective diagnosis of their current state. Also, methodologies that permit the implementation of laser scanning products in structural calculation will be shown. Finally, up-to-date trends, mainly related to automatic and intelligent processing, of laser scanning data in historic structures are discussed.
Causes of Delay in Budget Hotel Construction Projects
Authors: Phadtare Milind T.
Published: January 2016

Delay in construction projects is a universal phenomenon. However, the topic is not adequately studied in the Indian context. This paper attempts to identify the causes of delays in construction of budget hotels in India and suggest remedies to avoid some delays. A business group constructing budget hotels across the country is approached for this study. Forty causes of delay have been identified and Relative Importance Index was calculated. The contribution of each category of causes of delay to overall delay in the projects was computed. Remedies such as, joint effort of the participants of the industry, training, coordination between project participants and project timing and scheduling are suggested and validated.
Significance of Structural Dynamics in Engineering Education in the New Millennium
Authors: Thambiratnam David P.
Published: January 2016

Structural Dynamics has gained prominence recently due to (i) vibration problems in slender structures that have emerged as a result of new materials technology and aesthetic requirements, (ii) ageing bridge structures whose health needs to be monitored and appropriate retrofitting carried out to prevent failure and (iii) increased vulnerability of structures to seismic, impact and blast loads. Knowledge of structural dynamics is necessary to address these issues and their consequences. In recent times, structural dynamics research has generated considerable amount of new knowledge to address these issue, but this is not readily available to practicing engineers as very little or none of it enters the class rooms. This paper argues for the need to include structural dynamics and the new research knowledge into the syllabus of all civil engineering courses, especially those with a major in structural engineering. This will enable our future structural engineers to design and maintain safe and efficient structures.
On Polyglot Programming in the Web
Authors: Harmanen Juhana , Mikkonen Tommi
Published: January 2016

Different programming languages have been designed to solve problems efficiently in different domains. The goal of polyglot programming, a technique where several languages are used in the creation of a single application, is to combine and utilize the best solutions from different programming languages and paradigms in a seamless fashion. In this paper, the authors examine polyglot programming in the context of web applications, where it has been commonly used to create compelling applications, but where there is still considerable potential to improve development in various ways.
Android Executable Modeling
Authors: Le Goaer Olivier , Barbier Franck , Cariou Eric
Published: January 2016

Within the model-driven engineering field, model execution consists in interpreting the model through a dedicated execution engine instead of executing a code based on, or generated from, the model. The class of modeling languages endowed with such executability is called i-DSML (interpreted Domain-Specific Modeling Language). This is an important development shift because a modeling effort seamlessly substitutes to a programming effort. This alternative way for building increasingly complex software is particularly beneficial to the mobile applications market where fast development and agility are recognized as key factors of success. This chapter illustrates how parts of an Android mobApp can be modeled and executed by leveraging a well-known i-DSML, namely UML 2 State Machine Diagrams and the PauWare engine thereof. Beyond this specific case, the proposed installation of PauWare on Android OS sets up the foundation for a whole range of mobApps, provided that they are modeled with the Statecharts formalism.