bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite‐Time Fault Detection for Large‐Scale Networked Systems with Randomly Occurring Nonlinearity and Fault
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fang Huajing , Liu Zhenxing
Published: April 2014

The finite‐time fault detection problem is investigated for a class of nonlinear quantized large‐scale networked systems with randomly occurring nonlinearities and faults. A nonlinear Markovian jump system model with partially unknown transition probabilities is employed to describe this Makov data assignment pattern. Based on obtained model, in finite‐time stable framework, the desired mode‐dependent fault detection filters are constructed such that the augmented error systems are finite‐time stochastically stable with H∞ attenuation level. Especially, the sufficient conclusions provide quantitative relationship between network characteristic, quantization level, and finite‐time system parameter with finite‐time fault detection performance. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Fuzzy Stability of the Generalized Version of Drygas Functional Equation
Authors: Kim Chang Il , Han Giljun , Shim Seong-A
Published: April 2014

We consider the functional equationf(ax+y)+f(ax-y)-a(a+1)f(x)-a(a-1)f(-x)-[f(y)+f(-y)]+k[f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-f(y)-f(-y)]=0for a fixed rational numberawitha≠1,-1,0and a fixed real numberk. We study the solution of the equation between linear spaces and prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for it when the target space is a fuzzy normed space.
Valsalva Retinopathy Associated with Sexual Activity
Authors: Al Rubaie Khalid , Arevalo J. Fernando
Published: May 2014

A 54-year-old healthy male presented complaining of sudden loss of vision in the right eye. Initial visual acuity was counting fingers. The patient’s acute vision loss developed after sexual activity. Color fundus photos and fluorescein angiography were performed showing a large subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage in the macular area. A 23-gauge sutureless pars plana vitrectomy with brilliant blue assisted internal limiting membrane peeling was performed with best-corrected visual acuity recovery to 20/50 at 6 months of followup.
Historical Perspective of Traditional Indigenous Medical Practices: The Current Renaissance and Conservation of Herbal Resources
Authors: Pan Si-Yuan , Litscher Gerhard , Gao Si-Hua , Zhou Shu-Feng , Yu Zhi-Ling , Chen Hou-Qi , Zhang Shuo-Feng , Tang Min-Ke , Sun Jian-Ning , Ko Kam-Ming
Published: April 2014

In recent years, increasing numbers of people have been choosing herbal medicines or products to improve their health conditions, either alone or in combination with others. Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal “renaissance” occurs all over the world. According to the World Health Organization, 75% of the world’s populations are using herbs for basic healthcare needs. Since the dawn of mankind, in fact, the use of herbs/plants has offered an effective medicine for the treatment of illnesses. Moreover, many conventional/pharmaceutical drugs are derived directly from both nature and traditional remedies distributed around the world. Up to now, the practice of herbal medicine entails the use of more than 53,000 species, and a number of these are facing the threat of extinction due to overexploitation. This paper aims to provide a review of the history and status quo of Chinese, Indian, and Arabic herbal medicines in terms of their significant contribution to the health promotion in present‐day over‐populated and aging societies. Attention will be focused on the depletion of plant resources on earth in meeting the increasing demand for herbs.
Enhanced Template Matching Using Dynamic Positional Warping for Identification of Specific Patterns in Electroencephalogram
Authors: Chang Won-Du , Im Chang-Hwan
Published: April 2014

Template matching is an approach for signal pattern recognition, often used for biomedical signals including electroencephalogram (EEG). Since EEG is often severely contaminated by various physiological or pathological artifacts, identification and rejection of these artifacts with improved template matching algorithms would enhance the overall quality of EEG signals. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve the accuracy of conventional template matching methods by adopting the dynamic positional warping (DPW) technique, developed recently for handwriting pattern analysis. To validate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method, eye-blink artifacts in the EEG signals were detected, and the results were then compared to those from conventional methods. DPW was found to outperform the conventional methods in terms of artifact detection accuracy, demonstrating the power of DPW in identifying specific one-dimensional data patterns.
Uncovering Research Topics of Academic Communities of Scientific Collaboration Network
Authors: Han Hongqi , Xu Shuo , Gui Jie , Qiao Xiaodong , Zhu Lijun , Zhang Han
Published: April 2014

In order to improve the quality of applications, such as recommendation or retrieval in knowledge-based service system, it is very helpful to uncover research topics of academic communities in scientific collaboration network (SCN). Previous research mainly focuses on network characteristics measurement and community evolution, but it remains largely understudied on how to uncover research topics of each community. This paper proposes a nonjoint approach, consisting of three simple steps: (1) to detect overlapping academic communities in SCN with the clique percolation method, (2) to discover underlying topics and research interests of each researcher with author-topic (AT) model, and (3) to label research topics of each community with top N most frequent collaborative topics between members belonging to the community. Extensive experimental results on NIPS (neural information processing systems) dataset show that our simple procedure is feasible and efficient.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Organosoluble and Thermally Stable Poly(thioether-amide)s Bearing Pyridine Subunit in the Main Chain
Authors: Rostami Esmael , Bagherzadeh Maryam , Alinassab Tahereh , Mohammadpour Maryam , Zangooei Masume , Feraidooni Mahmood , Tavazo Fatemeh , Keshavarz Zahra
Published: April 2014

We report the synthesis of new polyamides containing 2,6-bis(2-thio-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1-oxo)pyridine subunit, under microwave irradiation using Yamasaki phosphorylation method. The solubility, thermal behavior, and viscosity of polyamides were evaluated. The structures of polymers have been characterized using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. These polyamides showed good solubility, viscosity, high thermal stability, and glass transition temperatures. Their viscosities and glass transition temperatures are in the range of 0.63–0.88 and 223–295°C, respectively. Thermal stabilities for 10% weight loss (T10) are 137–173°C and for 50% weight loss (T50) are in the range of 483–523°C. The study of surface morphology showed particle and amorphous structures.
Dual-Band Notch Filter Based on Twist Split Ring Resonators
Authors: Sun Haibin , Feng Cai , Huang Yongjun , Wen Ruiming , Li Jian , Chen Weijian , Wen Guangjun
Published: April 2014

A novel dual-band rectangular waveguide notch filter is experimentally investigated in this paper. Such filter is realized by integrating two pairs of split ring resonators (SRRs) printed on the two sides of a dielectric slab with twist angles and separated as a distance in the center of the rectangular waveguide. Due to the coupling effects between the twist SRRs and between the original SRRs and their mirror images generated by the metallic walls perpendicular to the E-field direction, it can flexibly contribute two disjunct resonance states and result in the dual-band notch properties. Furthermore, the two resonance frequencies can be controlled by changing the twist angles, resulting in the shifts of notch frequency bands.
Evaluation of Anticonvulsant, Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Phytochemical Profile of the Methanol Extract from the Aerial Parts ofSwertia corymbosa(Griseb.) WightexC.B. Clarke
Authors: Mahendran G. , Thamotharan G. , Sengottuvelu S. , Bai V. Narmatha
Published: April 2014

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract ofSwertia corymbosa(SCMeOH). After acute toxicity test, oral treatment with SCMeOH at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg behavioral models of open field, elevated-plus-maze, actophotometer, rotarod, pentylenetetrazole, isoniazid, and maximal electroshock induced seizure models were utilized. In open field test, SCMeOH (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) (P<0.01,P<0.001) increased the number of rearings. However, the number of central motor and ambulation (P<0.01,P<0.001) were reduced. Likewise, the number of entries and the time spent in open arm were increased while the number of locomotion was decreased (P<0.001) in elevated-plus-maze and actophotometer test, respectively. SCMeOH (125–500 mg/kg) protected the mice against the pentylenetetrazole and isoniazid induced convulsions; it causes significant (P<0.01andP<0.001) dose dependent increase in latency of convulsion. Treatment with SCMeOH reduced the duration of the tonic hind limb extension induced by electroshock. Two major compounds such as gentiopicroside and swertianin were analyzed by HPLC system.
Myrcia bella Leaf Extract Presents Hypoglycemic Activity via PI3k/Akt Insulin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Vareda Priscilla Maria Ponce , Saldanha Luiz Leonardo , Camaforte Nathalia Aparecida de Paula , Violato Natalia Moretti , Dokkedal Anne Lígia , Bosqueiro José Roberto
Published: April 2014

Species of Myrcia are used by indigenous people and in traditional communities in Brazil for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of leaves of Myrcia bella in diabetic mice. The chemical fingerprinting of the 70% EtOH extract characterized as main constituents flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid‐O‐glycosides, and acylated flavonoid‐O‐glycosides derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Mice were treated with saline or extract of M. bella (300 or 600 mg/Kg b.w.) for 14 days. Body weight and water and food intake were measured every day. Fasting blood glucose was measured weekly. At the end of the treatment, blood insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and protein were measured. Glycogen content and expression of proteins of the insulin signaling pathway were measured in liver. The treatment with 600 mg/Kg reduced the fasting blood glucose in diabetic mice of the 7th day as water and food intake and increased hepatic glycogen. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced in diabetic treated mice. The treatment increased the expression of IRS‐1, PI3‐K, and AKT in the livers of diabetic treated mice. The results indicate that the extract of the leaves of Myrcia bella has hypoglycemic properties and possibly acts to regulate glucose uptake by the liver.
Novel Anode Catalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Basri S. , Kamarudin S. K. , Daud W. R. W. , Yaakob Z. , Kadhum A. A. H.
Published: April 2014

PtRu catalyst is a promising anodic catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) but the slow reaction kinetics reduce the performance of DMFCs. Therefore, this study attempts to improve the performance of PtRu catalysts by adding nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used to increase the active area of the catalyst and to improve the catalyst performance. Electrochemical analysis techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are used to characterize the kinetic parameters of the hybrid catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is used to investigate the effects of adding Fe and Ni to the catalyst on the reaction kinetics. Additionally, chronoamperometry (CA) tests were conducted to study the long-term performance of the catalyst for catalyzing the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The binding energies of the reactants and products are compared to determine the kinetics and potential surface energy for methanol oxidation. The FESEM analysis results indicate that well-dispersed nanoscale (2–5 nm) PtRu particles are formed on the MWCNTs. Finally, PtRuFeNi/MWCNT improves the reaction kinetics of anode catalysts for DMFCs and obtains a mass current of 31 A g−1catalyst.
Data Dissemination Protocol for Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Suraj , Jena Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2014

In wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes find the route towards the sink to transmit the data. The sensor node transmits the data directly to the sink, or it relays the data through neighbor nodes. The nodes near to the sink transmit more data than other nodes. It results in the small lifetime of the network. To prolong the lifetime of the network, we use the mobile sink approach. The mobile sink makes the network dynamic. It is a challenging task to find the route in the dynamic network. In this paper, we have proposed a distributed tree-based data dissemination (TEDD) protocol with mobile sink. The protocol is validated through simulation and compared with the existing protocols using some metrics such as energy consumption, average end-to-end delay, and throughput. The experiment results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing protocols.
Geometric Models for Isotropic Random Porous Media: A Review
Authors: Hermann Helmut , Elsner Antje
Published: April 2014

Models for random porous media are considered. The models are isotropic both from the local and the macroscopic point of view; that is, the pores have spherical shape or their surface shows piecewise spherical curvature, and there is no macroscopic gradient of any geometrical feature. Both closed-pore and open-pore systems are discussed. The Poisson grain model, the model of hard spheres packing, and the penetrable sphere model are used; variable size distribution of the pores is included. A parameter is introduced which controls the degree of open-porosity. Besides systems built up by a single solid phase, models for porous media with the internal surface coated by a second phase are treated. Volume fraction, surface area, and correlation functions are given explicitly where applicable; otherwise numerical methods for determination are described. Effective medium theory is applied to calculate physical properties for the models such as isotropic elastic moduli, thermal and electrical conductivity, and static dielectric constant. The methods presented are exemplified by applications: small-angle scattering of systems showing fractal-like behavior in limited ranges of linear dimension, optimization of nanoporous insulating materials, and improvement of properties of open-pore systems by atomic layer deposition of a second phase on the internal surface.
The Effect of AcuteRhodiola roseaIngestion on Exercise Heart Rate, Substrate Utilisation, Mood State, and Perceptions of Exertion, Arousal, and Pleasure/Displeasure in Active Men
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Clarke Neil D.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acuteRhodiola rosea(R. rosea) ingestion on substrate utilisation, mood state, RPE, and exercise affect. Ten males (mean age ± S.D. = 26 ± 6 years) completed two 30-minute cycling trials at an intensity of 70% ofV˙O2max⁡following ingestion of either 3 mg·kg−1body mass ofR. roseaor placebo using a double-blind, crossover design. During exercise, heart rate and RPE were recorded. Participants completed measures of mood state and exercise affect before and after exercise. Expired air samples were taken during exercise to determine substrate utilisation. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that RPE was significantly lower at 30 minutes into exercise versus placebo (P=0.003). Perceptions of arousal (P=0.05) and pleasure were significantly higher after exercise withR. roseacompared to placebo (P=0.003). Mood state scores for vigor were also higher inR. roseacondition compared to placebo (P=0.008). There were no significant differences in energy expenditure, carbohydrate, or fat oxidation between conditions (P>0.05). Ingestion ofR. roseafavourably influenced RPE and exercise affect without changes in energy expenditure or substrate utilization during 30-minute submaximal cycling performance.
An Historical Perspective on How Advances in Microscopic Imaging Contributed to Understanding theLeishmaniaSpp. andTrypanosoma cruziHost-Parasite Relationship
Authors: Florentino P. T. V. , Real F. , Bonfim-Melo A. , Orikaza C. M. , Ferreira E. R. , Pessoa C. C. , Lima B. R. , Sasso G. R. S. , Mortara R. A.
Published: April 2014

The literature has identified complex aspects of intracellular host-parasite relationships, which require systematic, nonreductionist approaches and spatial/temporal information. Increasing and integrating temporal and spatial dimensions in host cell imaging have contributed to elucidating several conceptual gaps in the biology of intracellular parasites. To access and investigate complex and emergent dynamic events, it is mandatory to follow them in the context of living cells and organs, constructing scientific images with integrated high quality spatiotemporal data. This review discusses examples of how advances in microscopy have challenged established conceptual models of the intracellular life cycles ofLeishmaniaspp. andTrypanosoma cruziprotozoan parasites.
Demonstration of Controlling the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Optical Near-Field Excitation Transfer in Y-Junction Structure Consisting of Randomly Distributed Quantum Dots
Authors: Nomura Wataru , Naruse Makoto , Aono Masashi , Kim Song-Ju , Kawazoe Tadashi , Yatsui Takashi , Ohtsu Motoichi
Published: April 2014

Solution searching devices that operate on the basis of controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of excitation transfer via dressed photon interactions between quantum dots have been proposed. Long-range excitation transfer based on dressed photon interactions between randomly distributed quantum dots is considered to be effective in realizing such devices. Here, we successfully controlled the spatiotemporal dynamics of excitation transfer using a Y-junction structure consisting of randomly dispersed CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots. This Y-junction structure has two “output ends” and one “tap end.” By exciting one output end with control light, we observed increased excitation transfer to the other output end via a state-filling effect. Conversely, we observed reduced excitation transfer to the output ends by irradiating the tap end with control light, due to excitation of defect levels in the tap end. These results show the possibility of controlling the optical excitation transfer dynamics between multiple quantum dots.
Lentivirus-Mediated Nox4 shRNA Invasion and Angiogenesis and Enhances Radiosensitivity in Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Han Na , Yin Tiejun , Huang Lulu , Liu Shunfang , Liu Dongbo , Xie Cuihong , Zhang Mengxian
Published: April 2014

Radioresistance remains a significant therapeutic obstacle in glioblastoma. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Nox4 NADPH oxidase is abundantly expressed and has proven to be a major source of ROS production in glioblastoma. Here we investigated the effects of Nox4 on GBM tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, and radiosensitivity. A lentiviral shRNA vector was utilized to stably knockdown Nox4 in U87MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. ROS production was measured by flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Radiosensitivity was evaluated by clonogenic assay and survival curve was generated. Cell proliferation activity was assessed by a cell counting proliferation assay and invasion/migration potential by Matrigel invasion assay. Tube-like structure formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis abilityin vitroand VEGF expression was assessed by MTT assay. Nox4 knockdown reduced ROS production significantly and suppressed glioblastoma cells proliferation and invasion and tumor associated angiogenesis and increased their radiosensitivityin vitro. Our results indicate that Nox4 may play a crucial role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and radioresistance in glioblastoma. Inhibition of Nox4 by lentivirus-mediated shRNA could be a strategy to overcome radioresistance and then improve its therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma.
Motor Training in Degenerative Spinocerebellar Disease: Ataxia-Specific Improvements by Intensive Physiotherapy and Exergames
Authors: Synofzik Matthis , Ilg Winfried
Published: April 2014

The cerebellum is essentially involved in movement control and plays a critical role in motor learning. It has remained controversial whether patients with degenerative cerebellar disease benefit from high-intensity coordinative training. Moreover, it remains unclear by which training methods and mechanisms these patients might improve their motor performance. Here, we review evidence from different high-intensity training studies in patients with degenerative spinocerebellar disease. These studies demonstrate that high-intensity coordinative training might lead to a significant benefit in patients with degenerative ataxia. This training might be based either on physiotherapy or on whole-body controlled videogames (“exergames”). The benefit shown in these studies is equal to regaining one or more years of natural disease progression. In addition, first case studies indicate that even subjects with advanced neurodegeneration might benefit from such training programs. For both types of training, the observed clinical improvements are paralleled by recoveries in ataxia-specific dysfunctions (e.g., multijoint coordination and dynamic stability). Importantly, for both types of training, the retention of the effects seems to depend on the frequency and continuity of training. Based on these studies, we here present preliminary recommendations for clinical practice, and articulate open questions that might guide future studies on neurorehabilitation in degenerative spinocerebellar disease.
Targeting Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha by Hybrid Peptide for Novel Biliary Tract Cancer Therapy
Authors: Seto Kahori , Shoda Junichi , Horibe Tomohisa , Warabi Eiji , Kohno Masayuki , Yanagawa Toru , Bukawa Hiroki , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kawakami Koji
Published: April 2014

It is known that the interleukin-4 receptorα(IL-4Rα) is highly expressed on the surface of various human solid tumors. We previously designed novel IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide composed of binding peptide to IL-4Rαand cell-lytic peptide and reported that the designed IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide exhibited cytotoxic and antitumor activity bothin vitroandin vivoagainst the human pancreatic cancer cells expressing IL-4Rα. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of the IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide as a novel molecular targeted therapy for human biliary tract cancer (BTC). The IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide showed cytotoxic activity in six BTC cell lines with a concentration that killed 50% of all cells (IC50) as low as 5 μM. We also showed that IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide in combination with gemcitabine exhibited synergistic cytotoxic activityin vitro. In addition, intravenous administration of IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model of human BTCin vivo. Taken together, these results indicated that the IL-4Rα-lytic hybrid peptide is a potent agent that might provide a novel therapy for patients with BTC.
Application of Markov Process in Performance Analysis of Feeding System of Sugar Industry
Authors: Sharma S. P. , Vishwakarma Yashi
Published: April 2014

To analyse the performance measures of complex repairable systems having more than two states, that is, working, reduced and failed, it is essential to model suitably their states so that the system governs a stochastic process. In this paper, the application of time-homogeneous Markov process is used to express reliability and availability of feeding system of sugar industry involving reduced states and it is found to be a powerful method that is totally based on modelling and numerical analysis. The selection of appropriate units/components in designing a system with different characteristics is necessary for the system analyst to maintain the failure-free operation. Keeping this concept in this study, the steady state availability of concern system is analysed and optimized by using a popular search technique, genetic algorithm. The objective of this paper is to consider the system operative process as Markov process and find its reliability function and steady state availability in a very effective manner and also to obtain an optimal system designing constituents which will allow a failure-free operation for long time period as required for maximum system productivity. The system performance measures and optimized design parameters are described and obtained here by considering an illustrative example.
A Fast Elitism Gaussian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Application for PID Optimization
Authors: Xu Qingyang , Zhang Chengjin , Zhang Li
Published: April 2014

Estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is an intelligent optimization algorithm based on the probability statistics theory. A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm (FEGEDA) is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. The parameters of Gaussian come from the statistical information of the best individuals by fast learning rule. A fast learning rule is used to enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, and an elitism strategy is used to maintain the convergent performance. The performances of the algorithm are examined based upon several benchmarks. In the simulations, a one-dimensional benchmark is used to visualize the optimization process and probability model learning process during the evolution, and several two-dimensional and higher dimensional benchmarks are used to testify the performance of FEGEDA. The experimental results indicate the capability of FEGEDA, especially in the higher dimensional problems, and the FEGEDA exhibits a better performance than some other algorithms and EDAs. Finally, FEGEDA is used in PID controller optimization of PMSM and compared with the classical-PID and GA.
Expression of Tight Junction Protein Claudin-1 in Human Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Koda Ryo , Yoshino Atsunori , Imanishi Yuji , Kawamoto Shinya , Ueda Yoshihiko , Yaoita Eishin , Kazama Junichiro James , Narita Ichiei , Takeda Tetsuro
Published: April 2014

The origin of crescent forming cells in human glomerulonephritis (GN) remains unknown. Some animal studies demonstrated that parietal epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule (PECs) were the main component of proliferating cells and PEC-specific tight junction protein claudin-1 was expressed in crescentic lesions. We investigated the expression of claudin-1 in human GN. Immunohistochemistry for claudin-1 was performed on 17 kidney biopsy samples with crescent formation. Colocalization of claudin-1 with intracellular tight junction protein ZO-1 was also evaluated by immunofluorescence double staining. Claudin-1 is expressed mainly at the cell to cell contact site of proliferating cells in cellular crescentic lesions in patients with these forms of human GN. Small numbers of crescent forming cells showed extrajunctional localization of claudin-1. Colocalization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 was found at cell to cell contact sites of adjacent proliferating cells. In control samples, staining of claudin-1 was positive in PECs, but not in podocytes. Our findings suggest that claudin-1 contributes to crescent formation as a component of the tight junction protein complex that includes ZO-1. Co-localization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 implies the formation of functional tight junction complexes in crescentic lesions to prevent the interstitial damage caused by penetration of filtered molecules from Bowman’s space.
Improved RobustH∞Filtering Approach for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Chen Jun , Sun Haiqiao
Published: April 2014

An improved design approach of robustH∞filter for a class of nonlinear systems described by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is considered. By introducing a free matrix variable, a new sufficient condition for the existence of robustH∞filter is derived. This condition guarantees that the filtering error system is robustly asymptotically stable and a prescribedH∞performance is satisfied for all admissible uncertainties. Particularly, the solution of filter parameters which are independent of the Lyapunov matrix can be transformed into a feasibility problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example illustrates that the proposed filter design procedure is effective.
A Multiobjective Optimization Model of Production‐Sourcing for Sustainable Supply Chain with Consideration of Social, Environmental, and Economic Factors
Authors: Chen Zhixiang , Andresen Svenja
Published: April 2014

This paper incorporates the three pillars of sustainability—economic, environmental, and social dimensions—into a supply chain. A multiobjective programming model which jointly minimizes costs, emissions, and employee injuries in a supply chain is first constructed. Using the weighted‐sum approach with weights setting by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the model is solved by normalization of the minima of the three objectives. A numerical example is conducted to test the model. The results show that it is indeed possible to integrate environmental and social metrics in supply chain system optimization. Multiobjective optimization can balance the social, environmental, and economic performance. This paper presents a new multidimension perspective for optimizing supply chain; it will inspire practitioners to change their decision ideas and improve supply chain sustainability.
Proanthocyanidin from Grape Seed Extracts Protects Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Mucosal Injury
Authors: Cheung Dae Young , Kim Jin Il , Park Soo-Heon , Kim Jae Kwang
Published: April 2014

Proanthocyanidin (grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts, GSPEs) is an antioxidant and scavenges free radicals. Excessive oxidative stress and free radical production are major components in the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. We investigated the effect of GSPEs on indomethacin-induced intestinal mucosal injury in the rat. Rats were allocated into four groups: the null control group, the indomethacin control group, the low-dose GSPEs group, and the high-dose GSPEs group. GSPEs were administered for 4 days. Then indomethacin and GSPEs were coadministered for the following 2 days by oral route. The dose of indomethacin was 200 mg/Kg. The doses of GSPEs were 100 mg/Kg for low-dose group and 300 mg/Kg for high-dose group. Luminal bleeding was solely observed in one of 5 rats from indomethacin control group. The number of ulcer count was reduced to 0.1 ± 0.3 per rat in GSPEs treated group compared to 1.4 ± 0.5 per rat in indomethacin control group. Submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration was also reduced to 50% in GSPEs treated group. The tissue level of prostaglandin E2was not affected by GSPEs treatment. GSPEs attenuated the indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury irrespective of the tissue PGE2depletion and glutathione consumption.
School-Based Obesity Prevention Intervention in Chilean Children: Effective in Controlling, but not Reducing Obesity
Authors: Kain Juliana , Concha Fernando , Moreno Lorena , Leyton Bárbara
Published: April 2014

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-month multicomponent obesity prevention intervention.Setting. 9 elementary schools in Santiago, Chile.Subjects. 6–8 y old low-income children (N=1474).Design. Randomized controlled study; 5 intervention/4 control schools. We trained teachers to deliver nutrition contents and improve the quality of PE classes. We determined % healthy snacks brought from home, children’s nutrition knowledge, nutritional status, duration of PE classes, and % time in moderate/vigorous activity (MVA). Effectiveness was determined by comparingΔBMIZbetween intervention and control children using PROCMIXED.Results. % obesity increased in boys from both types of schools and in girls from control schools, while decreasing in girls from intervention schools (all nonsignificant). % class time in MVA declined (24.5–16.2) while remaining unchanged (24.8–23.7%) in classes conducted by untrained and trained teachers, respectively. In boys, BMIZdeclined (1.33–1.24) and increased (1.22–1.35) in intervention and control schools, respectively. In girls, BMIZremained unchanged in intervention schools, while increasing significantly in control schools (0.91–1.06,P=0.024). Interaction group*time was significant for boys (P<0.0001) and girls (P=0.004).Conclusions. This intervention was effective in controlling obesity, but not preventing it. Even though impact was small, results showed that when no intervention is implemented, obesity increases.
Some Fixed Point Theorems under Weak Semicompatibility
Authors: Saluja A. S. , Jain Mukesh Kumar
Published: April 2014

The aim of the present paper is to prove some fixed point theorems by using the recent notion “weak semicompatibility.” The new notion is proper generalization of semicompatibility and can be applicable on commuting and compatible maps. We used compatible and absorbing mappings to prove theorems which also include (E.A.) property.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Oscillation in First Order Neutral Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Guo Songbai , Shen Youjian , Shi Binbin
Published: April 2014

We are concerned with oscillation of the first order neutral delay differential equation[x(t)−px(t−τ)]′+qx(t−σ)=0with constant coefficients, and we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions of oscillation for all the solutions in respective cases0
1.
JAUS to EtherCAT Bridge: Toward Real-Time and Deterministic Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems
Authors: Sheng Jie , Chung Sam , Hansel Leo , McLane Don , Morrah Joel , Baeg Seung-Ho , Park Sangdeok
Published: April 2014

The Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) is a communication standard that allows for interoperability between Unmanned Vehicles (UVs). Current research indicates that JAUS-compliant systems do not meet real-time performance guidelines necessary for internal systems in UVs. However, there is a lack of quantitative data illustrating the performance shortcomings of JAUS or clear explanations on what causes these performance issues or comparisons with existing internal communication systems. In this research, we first develop a basic C++ implementation of JAUS and evaluate its performance with quantitative data and compare the results with published performance data of Controller Area Network (CAN) to determine the feasibility of the JAUS standard. Our results indicate that the main reason of JAUS’s poor performance lies in the latency inherent in the hierarchical structure of JAUS and the overhead of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) messages, which has been used with JAUS and is slower than the high-speed CAN. Additionally, UDP has no scheduling mechanism, which makes it virtually impossible to guarantee messages meeting their deadlines. Considering the slow and nondeterministic JAUS communication from subsystems to components, which is JAUS Level 3 compliance, we then propose a solution by bringing Ethernet for Control Automation Technology (EtherCAT) to add speed, deterministic feature, and security. The JAUS-EtherCAT mapping, which we called a JEBridge, is implemented into nodes and components. Both quantitative and qualitative results are provided to show that JEBridge and JAUS Level 3 compliance can bring not only interoperability but also reasonable performance to UVs.
Absolute Stability Criteria for Large-Scale Lurie Direct Control Systems with Time-Varying Coefficients
Authors: Liao Fucheng , Wang Di
Published: April 2014

The absolute stability of large-scale Lurie direct control systems with time-varying coefficients is investigated. Based on the decomposition method for large-scale systems and technique of the nonsingularM-matrix, a suitable scalar Lyapunov function as a weighted sum is constructed. By estimating its total time derivative, some absolute stability criteria and practical corollaries are derived. Furthermore, the results are extended to multiple nonlinearities. The salient feature of this paper is that the criteria which we propose allow for the situation that the norms of time-varying coefficients are unbounded. The main idea of the methodology is that even if the coefficients are norm-unbounded, by restricting their relative magnitude, the problem of negative definiteness for the derivative can also be changed into the problem of stability for a constant matrix. Finally, some numerical examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria.
Mechanical Mastication of Utah Juniper Encroaching Sagebrush Steppe Increases Inorganic Soil N
Authors: Young Kert R. , Roundy Bruce A. , Eggett Dennis L.
Published: April 2014

Juniper (Juniperusspp.) has encroached on millions of hectares of sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) steppe. Juniper mechanical mastication increases cover of understory species but could increase resource availability and subsequently invasive plant species. We quantified the effects of juniper mastication on soil resource availability by comparing total C, total N, C : N ratio, Olsen extractable P, sulfate S, and pH using soil samples and inorganic N (NO3-+NH4+) using ion exchange membranes. We compared resource availability in paired masticated and untreated areas in three juniper-dominated sagebrush and bunchgrass ecosystems in the Utah portion of the Great Basin. Inorganic N was 4.7 times higher in masticated than in untreated areas across seasons (P<0.001). Within masticated areas, tree mounds of juniper leaf scales and twigs served as resource islands with 1.9 times higher inorganic N and total C, and 2.8 times higher total N than bare interspaces across seasons (P<0.01). Bare interspaces had 3.0–3.4 times higher inorganic N than interspaces covered with masticated trees during late-summer through winter (P<0.01). Soil fertility changes associated with mastication were not considered sufficient to favor establishment of annual over perennial grasses, and we expect both to increase in cover following juniper mastication.
Effects of Hypertension and Exercise on Cardiac Proteome Remodelling
Authors: Petriz Bernardo A. , Franco Octavio L.
Published: April 2014

Left ventricle hypertrophy is a common outcome of pressure overload stimulus closely associated with hypertension. This process is triggered by adverse molecular signalling, gene expression, and proteome alteration. Proteomic research has revealed that several molecular targets are associated with pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and isoproterenol. Several metabolic, contractile, and stress-related proteins are shown to be altered in cardiac hypertrophy derived by hypertension. On the other hand, exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent used for hypertension treatment, where cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training is characterized by improvement in cardiac function and resistance against ischemic insult. Despite the scarcity of proteomic research performed with exercise, healthy and pathologic heart proteomes are shown to be modulated in a completely different way. Hence, the altered proteome induced by exercise is mostly associated with cardioprotective aspects such as contractile and metabolic improvement and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. The present review, therefore, describes relevant studies involving the molecular characteristics and alterations from hypertensive-induced and exercise-induced hypertrophy, as well as the main proteomic research performed in this field. Furthermore, proteomic research into the effect of hypertension on other target-demerged organs is examined.
Low Perceived Social Support Is Associated with CD8+CD57+ Lymphocyte Expansion and Increased TNF-αLevels
Authors: Copertaro Alfredo , Bracci Massimo , Manzella Nicola , Barbaresi Mariella , Copertaro Benedetta , Santarelli Lory
Published: April 2014

Social support has been supposed to have a positive impact on the function of the immune system. However, the relationship between perceived social support and immune function has not yet been fully investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the link between perceived social support and lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines. 232 healthy subjects provided a blood sample and completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire. Lymphocyte immunophenotypes and cytokines were determined. Significantly increased CD8+CD57+ lymphocytes and TNF-αlevels were found in group with low perceived social support. Multivariate linear regression corrected for possible confounders confirmed a significant role of perceived social support in predicting the number of CD8+CD57+ lymphocyte and TNF-αlevels. This study supports the association between perceived social support and immune function. In particular, poor social support may be related to a state of chronic inflammation sustained by CD8+CD57+ lymphocyte expansion and increased TNF-αlevels.
Mucormycosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abidi Maheen Z. , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara , Hargreaves James , Weiland Tim , Van Dyken Irminne , Tande Aaron , Tosh Pritish K. , Walker Randall C. , Cummins Nathan W.
Published: April 2014

Mucormycosis is a rare and often fatal invasive fungal infection mostly seen in immune-compromised individuals. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary, so that effective preemptive therapy can be started, as timely intervention is crucial. In this series we present three cases of invasive mucormycosis in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease that had received therapy with immunomodulators prior to the infection. All three had varied clinical manifestations. We also review the literature of invasive mucormycosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Motor by Using Fault Tree and Extended Stochastic Petri Nets
Authors: Wang Bing , Tian Guangdong , Liang Yanping , Qiang Tiangang
Published: April 2014

Performing reliability analysis of electric vehicle motor has an important impact on its safety. To do so, this paper proposes its reliability modeling and evaluation issues of electric vehicle motor by using fault tree (FT) and extended stochastic Petri nets (ESPN). Based on the concepts of FT and ESPN, an FT based ESPN model for reliability analysis is obtained. In addition, the reliability calculation method is introduced and this work designs a hybrid intelligent algorithm integrating stochastic simulation and NN, namely, NN based simulation algorithm, to solve it. Finally, taking an electric vehicle motor as an example, its reliability modeling and evaluation issues are analyzed. The results illustrate the proposed models and the effectiveness of proposed algorithms. Moreover, the results reported in this work could be useful for the designers of electric vehicle motor, particularly, in the process of redesigning the electric vehicle motor and scheduling its reliability growth plan.
The Efficacy of Nebulized Furosemide and Salbutamol Compared with Salbutamol Alone in Reactive Airway Disease: A Double Blind Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Masoumi Kambiz , Forouzan Arash , Haddadzadeh Shoushtari Maryam , Porozan Samaneh , Feli Maryam , Fallah Bagher Sheidaee Mehdi , Asgari Darian Ali
Published: April 2014

We undertook this randomized clinical trial to investigate whether adding furosemide to salbutamol could improve the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and clinical signs of reactive airway disease (RAD) patients. Eligible 18- to 55-year-old patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Patients received 5 mg of nebulized salbutamol and 40 mg of nebulized furosemide in the intervention group and 5 mg of nebulized salbutamol alone in the control group. Patients in both groups received 100 mg of methylprednisolone intravenously stat. Severity of the RAD was estimated before and 45 minutes after treatment in both groups. PEFR was estimated before treatment and at 15, 30, and 45 minutes later. Ninety patients were enrolled, 45 in each group. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding gender, mean age, and normalized PEFR. The baseline mean PEFR was not significantly different between groups (P=0.58). A repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that the differences between the two treatments was significant (P=0.0001) and the behavior of two treatments was not similar across the time (P=0.001). Comparison of clinical severity of acute RAD revealed no significant differences between groups at the end of the trial (0.06). This study showed that adding nebulized furosemide to salbutamol in RAD patients improved PEFR.
Strategies to Overcome Antileishmanial Drugs Unresponsiveness
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Singh Anup , Singh Om Prakash
Published: April 2014

In the absence of effective vector control measures and vaccines against leishmaniasis, effective chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. As the armoury of antileishmanial drugs is limited, strategies should be made to target the emergence of drug resistance. The loss of efficacy of antimonials such as sodium stibogluconate in the Indian subcontinent which has been the mainstay of treatment for more than six decades has raised concern to save the other drugs. In the current review, we highlight various steps which could be implemented to halt the increasing unresponsiveness of drugs such as monitoring of therapy in the form of rational dosing and duration of treatment, understanding the mechanism of action of the drugs and drug resistance, identification of markers of resistance, distribution of drugs free of cost, evolution of effective combination therapy and immunotherapy, and proper management of HIV/VL coinfection and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Strong support from governmental agencies and local communities in the form of education and orientation programmes for feasibility of implementing these strategies and affordability within the context of their health systems is needed in controlling and preventing leishmaniasis.
The Solution ofSO(3) through a Single Parameter ODE
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan
Published: April 2014

In many applications we need to solve an orthogonal transformation tensorQ∈SO(3) from a tensorial equationQ˙ = WQunder a given spin historyW. In this paper, we address some interesting issues about this equation. A general solution ofQis obtained by transforming the governing equation into a new one in the space ofℝP3. Then, we develop a novel method to solveQin terms of a single parameter, whose governing equation is a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE).
Formulation and Simulations of the Conserving Algorithm for Feedback Stabilization on Rigid Body Rotations
Authors: Pu Yong-Ren , Posbergh Thomas A.
Published: April 2014

The problem of stabilization of rigid bodies has received a great deal of attention for many years. People have developed a variety of feedback control laws to meet their design requirements and have formulated various but mostly open loop numerical algorithms for the dynamics of the corresponding closed loop systems. Since the conserved quantities such as energy, momentum, and symmetry play an important role in the dynamics, we investigate the conserved quantities for the closed loop control systems which formally or asymptotically stabilize rigid body rotation and modify the open loop numerical algorithms so that they preserve these important properties. Using several examples, the authors first use the open loop algorithm to simulate the tumbling rigid body actions and then use the resulting closed loop one to stabilize them.