bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New cold war in the Middle East
Authors: Lebedev S. V.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is analysis of a regional conflict between Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Islamic Republic of Iran. In media this conflict is known as “New Cold War” or “Cold war in the Middle East”. It is mentioned that analysts often paint this conflict as a purely religious (Sunni vs Shia). However, in this article the author states that conflict is not purely religious. Article analyses several focal points, like post-Hussein Iraq, proxy wars in Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. Special attention he paid to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Saudi Arabia welcomed Trump decision to abandon Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. In other words, the conflict cannot be defined in purely religious terms.
Ärzte-Profile auf Arztbewertungsportalen als Vorstellungstexte – Versuch einer textlinguistischen Beschreibung
Authors: Kałasznik Marcelina
Published: June 2022

Vor uber 10 Jahren sind Arztbewertungsportale als ein neues mit Medizin zusammenhangendes Angebot im Internet entstanden. Seit dieser Zeit entwickeln sie sich dynamisch und werden langsam zu einem etablierten Marketinginstrument in der medizinischen Branche. In diesem Beitrag werden Arzte-Profile auf Arztbewertungsportalen als Vorstellungstexte aus textlinguistischer Sicht analysiert. Mit einem Modell textlinguistischer Beschreibung werden sie als Textsorte charakterisiert, indem auf ihre konstitutiven Merkmale auf verschiedenen Ebenen hingewiesen wird.
Personenreferenz in deutschen sprachwissenschaftlichen Konferenzvorträgen
Authors: Rogozińska Marta
Published: June 2022

Das Ziel des Beitrags ist, die Personenreferenz in deutschen sprachwissenschaftlichen Konferenzvortragen zu beschreiben. Die Grundlage fur die Analyse bilden funf frei gesprochene Expertenvortrage, die auf internationalen Konferenzen in Deutschland im Rahmen des GeWiss-Projekts aufgenommen wurden. Die Personenreferenz umfasst die Positionierung zur eigenen Forschung, zur Vortragsstrukturierung, zum Publikum, zur fremden Vortragsperformanz und zu den Begleitumstanden.
РАВНОВЕСНЫЙ СОСТАВ И СТРОЕНИЕ НАНОФРАГМЕНТОВ СИСТЕМЫ ТРИЭТИЛАМИН–МЕТАНСУЛЬФОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА
Authors: Майоров В.Д. , Тараканова Е.Г. , Майоров А.В. , Кислина И.С.
Published: June 2022

Методами ИК спектроскопии и квантовой химии определены структурно-энергетические параметры нанофрагментов системы (C2H5)3N–CH3SO3H от 100%-нойметансульфоновой кислоты до состава 2.2:1, после которого раствор переходит в твердую фазу. Установлен равновесный состав системы, в соответствии с которым в ней можно выделить шесть концентрационно-структурных зон. Первая из них (100%-ная CH3SO3H) содержит тримеры 3CH3SO3H и, в небольших количествах, – димеры 2CH3SO3H и тетрамеры 4CH3SO3H. Во второй зоне (0:1–1:3) помимо таких самоассоциатов образуются комплексы (C2H5)3N∙3CH3SO3H. В остальных зонах одновременно присутствует по два вида структурных элементов раствора. В третьей зоне (1:3–1:2) – это комплексы (C2H5)3N∙3CH3SO3H и (C2H5)3N∙2CH3SO3H, в четвертой (1:2–1:1) – комплексы (C2H5)3N∙2CH3SO3H и 2(C2H5)3N∙2CH3SO3H, в пятой (1:1–2:1) – комплексы 2(C2H5)3N∙2CH3SO3H и фрагменты полимерных цепочек состава 2:1. Шестая зона (от 2:1 до соотношения компонентов, при котором раствор затвердевает) содержит фрагменты цепочек состава 2:1 и объемные нанофрагменты, состоящие из нескольких фрагментов таких цепочек, соединенных друг с другом при помощи молекул (C2H5)3N. На молекулярном уровне установлен механизм перехода растворов (C2H5)3N–CH3SO3H в твердую фазу. Показано, что структурообразующими и стабилизирующими элементами системы (C2H5)3N–CH3SO3H являются ионные пары CH3SO3-·(C2H5)3NH+. Самый энергетически выгодный комплекс 2(C2H5)3N∙2CH3SO3H состоит из двух ионных пар.
Chemisorption of C2H2 on C20 bowl: A computational investigation
Authors: Ghiasi R.
Published: June 2022

In this investigation, the chemisorption of C2H2 gas on the C20 bowl was studied at the LC-wPBE/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Various models of chemisorption of C2H2 gas on the C20 bowl were considered. The illustration of chemisorption was performed using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Variations in the frontier orbitals energies and structural parameters were also considered. The electrophilicity-based charge transfer (ECT) was used to illustrate charge transfer between fragments. Thermochemical parameters of this process were revealed.
Analysis of Piles in Residual Soil from Granite Considering Residual Loads
Authors: Fonseca António V. , Santos Jaime A. , Esteves Elisabete C. , Massad Faiçal
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with the analysis of static loading tests carried out in 3 different types of piles: bored piles with temporary casing, continuous flight auger, CFA, piles (bored and CFA piles with circular section - nominal diameter Ø600 mm) and driven piles (with square section - width 350 mm). These piles were installed in the CEFEUP/ISC’2 experimental site, located in the Campus of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (Portugal), in a contact zone between the gneissic rocks and the granite mass. After a brief geological and geotechnical site characterization, the paper presents a detailed description of the piles and the instrumentation installed in two of them. Previous analyses of the test data are summed up, emphasising the difficulties in determining the residual loads resulting from the installation processes and the unloading and the reloading cycles applied to the static loading tests. This paper aims to quantify these locked-in toe residual loads, using a mathematical model - the Modified Two Straight Lines Method (MDRM) - that allows the interpretation of the pile head load-settlement curve and the determination of the shaft and toe resistances, apart from the toe residual loads. For the shaft and toe resistances, the MDRM led to consistent results with those inferred from both, the previous analysis and the extensometer measurements; the ultimate unit shaft resistance was estimated in 60 kPa. As far as the toe’s residual loads are concerned, the estimated values of about 150 kN for the bored piles were also consistent with those measured but very different from that guessed in previous analysis, about 300 kN. For the driven pile, this paper arrived at an upper bound of 500 kN for the residual load and a lower bound of 60 kPa for the ultimate unit shaft resistance.
Le Rire Dergisi’nde Yer Alan II. Abdülhamid Konulu Karikatürler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: GÜLBUDAK Özgür
Published: June 2022

Karikatür, tarihsel anlamda insanın bireysel becerisini ortaya koymasıyla kendini göstermeye başlayan bir resim türü olarak değerlendirilebilir. Tarihi oldukça gerilere uzanan karikatür, resim ve eleştiri birleşiminin önemli bir temsilcisi olarak varlığını sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Bu karikatürler, devletlerarası anlaşmazlık durumunda şiddetini ve acımasızlığını arttırmasıyla günümüzde de çok sayıda tartışmaya neden olmaktadır. 19. yüzyıl Avrupası’nda yayımlanmış ve dünyada yaşanan gelişmeleri konu alan çok sayıda yayın organı bulunmaktadır. La Silhouette (1829), La Caricature (1830), Penny Magazine (1832), Punch (1841), L’Illustration Journal Universel (1843), Harpers’s Magazine (1850), Le Monde Illustré (1857), The Illustrated London News (1842), Frank Leslie’s Illustrated News (1855), Puck (1871), vb. gazete ve dergileri, bu alanda örnek olarak göstermek mümkündür. Yayın hayatına 1894 yılında Paris’te başlayan ve çeşitli değişikliklerle uzun yıllar okuyucuya hizmet eden Le Rire, son sayısını 1971’de yayınlamıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında, 1894-1909 yılları arasında basılmış Le Rire’in 641 sayısı içerisinden tespit edilen 18 adet II. Abdülhamid karikatürü incelenmiştir. Konu itibariyle Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkanlarda ve Doğu Anadolu’da yaşadığı birtakım sorunlar, Almanlarla olan yakınlaşmalar, dış politikada sonu gelmez müzakereler, Osmanlı saltanatı açısından yaşanan çalkantılar ve Avrupa ile yürütülen ortak çalışmalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bazıları anonim, bazıları sanatçı imzası barındıran, çeşitli teknik becerinin sonucu olan karikatürlerin sanatsal ve tarihsel anlamda analizi yapılarak sanat tarihi literatürüne kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca karikatür vasıtasıyla Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yıllarında önemli bir paya sahip olan Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in okuyucuya ne şekilde tanıtıldığı veya sunulduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Exchange Rate Effect on Foreign Trade Prices in the Period 2004–2020: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Müge ÇETİNER E. , CANDAŞ N. Aynur
Published: June 2022

Dış ticaret teorileri ülkelerarası değiş tokuşun dinamiklerini ve uluslararası ticarette fiyatların nasıl oluştuğunu açıklar. Günümüzde globalleşmeye bağlı olarak dünya ülkeleri arasındaki yakın ilişkiler hızla ilerleyen teknoloji,
iletişim ve dijital dünyadaki gelişmeler ile önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu nedenle bir ülkenin dış ticareti, döviz kuru volatilitesi haricinde, birtakım makroekonomik ve finansal faktörlerden de etkilenebilmektedir. Döviz kurlarında
artan volatilite, çoğu ülkenin ticaretini doğrudan veya dolaylı şekilde etkilemektedir. Özellikle finansal kriz dönemlerinde, döviz kurlarında meydana gelen aşırı dalgalanmalar, bu etkiyi daha da arttırmaktadır. Ülkelerin para
birimleri, siyasi yapıları ve ekonomik sistemlerindeki farklılıklar uluslararası ekonomik ilişkilerin yapısını etkilemektedir. Ülkeler günümüzde kendi koşullarına göre farklı kur rejimleri uygulamakta ve bu rejimleri zaman içinde
sık sık değiştirebilmektedirler. Bu değişiklikler planlı ve belirli bir süreç içinde olabildiği gibi, ekonomi ve mali piyasalarda oluşan baskı ve krizler sonucu aniden de olabilmektedir. Kur değişiklikleri bir yandan dış ticaret
ve yabancı yatırımlar diğer yandan da mevcut döviz pozisyonları yolu ile gerek reel sektör gerekse mali sektör üzerinde önemli etkilerde bulunabilmektedir. Globalleşen dünyada mal ve hizmet ticareti ile uluslararası yatırımların
artması döviz kuru politikalarının öneminin de artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de döviz kuru oynaklığının Türkiye’nin ithalat ve ihracat fiyatlarında yarattığı etki sektörel ithalat ve ihracat aylık verileri kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Pakan Dan Hasil Ternak Itik Pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Ternak Desa Loyok Kecamatan Sikur Lombok Timur
Authors: Purnamasari Dwi Kusuma , Syamsuhaidi Syamsuhaidi , Sumiati Sumiati , Erwan Erwan , Wiryawan K.G. , Sulastri S.
Published: June 2022

Service activities aim to provide training and skills in processing duck feed and products.  This activity is based on the potential of Loyok Village as a village located on the Mount Siu-Kotaraja tourism and the Tetebatu route tourist location which has been visited by many local and foreign tourists, so the village administrator hopes that Loyok Village can be more advanced to support tourism programs by having superior products of duck meat and eggs.  Service activities are carried out through providing training on feed processing and making salted eggs.  Salted eggs will be the flagship product of Loyok Village to be used as souvenirs for tourists.  The target audience of this service activity is a group of women livestock farmers in Loyok Village.  It is hoped that from this activity the community will be motivated and moved to develop livestock business so that it becomes the main livelihood and village administrators and village community leaders will support by making one of the village’s flagship programs supporting the tourism village program.  The service activity was attended by the village head and his staff and 20woman farmers.  Participants participated in the salted egg making training with enthusiasm, revealing the various problems faced in making salted eggs that had been carried out so far.  Through this activity, participants get solutions to the problems they have faced so far.  Participants are committed to producing salted eggs as souvenirs for tourists visiting and through Loyok Village
Development of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Virtual Reality Apprenticeship Program (VRx) for Training of Medication Safety Practices
Authors: Tsang Wing Yee , Fan Petrina , Hans Raj Shakunthala D/O , Tan Zee Jian , Lee Irvin Yong Yang , Boo Ivan , Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Medication errors is a top concern for patient safety globally. Healthcare staff need to be competent in skillsets in medication safety practices. COVID-19 has negatively impacted programs with on-the-job training. Virtual reality (VR) provides an attractive way to conduct such training. We developed a virtual apprenticeship program (called VRx) for the training of medication safety practices.

Methods:

VRx was developed in a three-dimensional virtual environment whereby trainees had to complete a series of key competency tasks in prescription processing, pharmaceutical calculations, and preparing, picking, packing and dispensing medications. Pilot testing involved two phases – an alpha-test (Ph1) with 30 pharmacy staff/trainees and a roll-out (Ph2) to 43 new hires at our institution. Participants rated their awareness of VR and perceptions of their training experience through an online self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared/Fisher’s Exact tests were used for analysis.

Results:

Over half of participants were slightly aware of VR (Ph1 = 63.3%, Ph2 = 67.4%). One-quarter was aware of and had used VR (Ph1 = 26.7%, Ph2 = 25.6%). Majority agreed that VRx was easy to use (Ph1 = 83.3%, Ph2 = 72.1%), interactive and fun (Ph1 = 90.0%, Ph2 = 79.1%), and helped them develop prescription processing skills (Ph1 = 90.0%, Ph2 = 86.0%). More participants who were slightly aware of VR indicated that VRx was easy to use (94.7% versus 33.3% not aware of VR, p = 0.038, Ph1). Over half felt that the time spent on VRx training was acceptable, and that VRx should be part of their training (Ph1 = 80.0%, Ph2 = 67.4% each). More participants who were aware of and had used VR indicated that VRx should be part of their training (100% versus 55.2% slightly aware, p = 0.007, Ph2).

Conclusion:

Overall, pharmacy staff/trainees found VRx to provide a realistic, engaging and interactive experience to acquire proficiencies in medication safety practices. VRx can complement the training and assessment needs of pharmacy staff/trainees at our institution.
PENYULUHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DARI LIMBAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA MENGGUNAKAN METODE BOKASHI DI KELURAHAN KEDANYANG
Authors: Purwaningtyas Fiska Yohana , Mustikaningrum Mega , Muqorrobin Maulana , Johar Nirmala , Arista Desty Arista
Published: June 2022

Perubahan iklim menjadi salah satu isu penting selama beberapa tahun ini. Perubahan iklim sendiri mengakibatkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi bumi beserta ekosistem di dalamnya. Dampak buruk ini antara lain naiknya permukaan air laut, tenggelamnya kawasan pesisir, kelangkaan air bersih, peningkatan suhu dan cuaca ekstrim, dan lain-lain. Usaha-usaha yang harus dilakukan dalam mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim ini tidaklah mudah. Dibutuhkan waktu bertahun-tahun untuk memulihkan kondisi bumi ini.

Salah satu penyebab perubahan iklim adalah jumlah sampah secara global yang dapat menghasilkan gas metana melalui proses pembusukan. Gas metana merupakan salah satu gas rumah kaca yang menyebabkan pemanasan global. Sampah-sampah yang berada di TPS didominasi oleh limbah rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu kesadaran akan pengelolaan sampah di skala rumah tangga sangat penting. Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik sebagai salah salah satu lembaga pendidikan tinggi dapat mengambil peran dalam memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang perubahan iklim dan pentingnya melakukan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga dengan baik dan benar. Warga RW 07 Desa Kedanyang telah memiliki sistem pemilahan sampah anorganik yang kemudian dikumpulkan ke bank sampah. Namun sampah organik di RW 07 ini masih belum terolah dengan baik. Sampah organik dapat diolah menjadi kompos dengan metode aerob dan anaerob. Metode anaerob dapat menjadi salah satu solusi pembuatan kompos di lingkungan dengan lahan kecil. Metode anaerob yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan ini adalah dengan sistem bokashi. Dengan adanya penyuluhan ini diharapkan warga menjadi lebih peduli terhadap lingkungan dan perubahan iklim dengan melakukan pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga menjadi pupuk kompos sehingga dapat menjadi contoh dan motivasi bagi masyarakat lainnya.
Memikirkan Ulang Ineransi Alkitab dan Implikasinya Bagi Konstruksi Doktrin Ineransi Injili Masa Kini
Authors: Margaret Carmia
Published: June 2022

Abstract. This article was written to answer a question: what are the similarities and differences, as well as continuity and discontinuity, on the concept of biblical inerrancy according to modern Evangelical thoughts represented by the International Council of Biblical Inerrancy (ICBI) which formulated the Chicago Statements of Biblical Inerrancy (CSBI) and its supplementary documents compared to the views of pre-modern Christian thoughts or the Church Fathers. This comparison was made to seek the construction of a (more) proportionate articulation on the doctrine of biblical inerrancy. In fact, the differences between both of them are not essentially related to the terminology problem, but rather show different metaphysical, epistemological, hermeneutical preconpositions, and different justification criteria for the validity of the Scripture. The Church Fathers emphasized Scripture as a spiritual and supernatural text so there was no need to always prove its validity historically and factually, while modern Evangelicals that emphasized the harmony of God's revelation with human knowledge emphasized the dimension of accuracy and historicality as the basis for their concepts on biblical inerrancy.Abstrak. Artikel ini ditulis untuk menjawab sebuah pertanyaan: apakah persamaan dan perbedaan, serta kontinuitas dan diskontinuitas, dari konsep tentang ineransi Kitab Suci menurut kelompok Injili modern yang direpresentasikan oleh International Council of Biblical Inerrancy (ICBI), yang merumuskan Chicago Statements of Biblical Inerrancy (CSBI) dan dokumen-dokumen pelengkapnya, dengan menurut pandangan kelompok Kristen pra-modern atau Bapa-bapa Gereja. Komparasi ini dilakukan untuk mencari konstruksi doktrin ineransi yang (lebih) proporsional bagi kalangan Injili masa kini. Pada dasarnya, perbedaan di antara kedua kelompok tersebut bukan berkaitan dengan problem terminologis, tetapi lebih menunjukkan perbedaan metafisika, epistemologi, prasuposisi hermeneutika, dan kriteria justifikasi yang berbeda terhadap kesahihan Kitab Suci. Bapa-bapa Gereja lebih menekankan natur Kitab Suci sebagai teks spiritual dan supranatural sehingga tidak perlu selalu membuktikan kesahihannya secara historis-faktual, sementara kelompok Injili modern yang menekankan keselarasan wahyu Allah dengan pengetahuan manusia lebih menekankan dimensi akurasi dan historisitas teks sebagai basis ineransi.
Deteksi Dini Gangguan Pertumbuhan Perkembangan dan Perilaku pada Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah di Komunitas pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Prabawati Chlara Yunita , Almuzaki Abdullah Haris , Ayu MD Adinda Maharani Putri , Hamid Ahmad Fauzan , Novitasari Ainun , Bariri Akhmad Fatwa , Romadhon Akhmad , Rochmah Alfi Choirur , Marlini Anggita Eka , Effendi Ayu Lisa Nia , Vandika Clara , Mulyaningtyas Surya
Published: June 2022

Pengabdian masyarakat ini berbentuk Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Back to Village (BTV). Program ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk deteksi dini gangguan pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan perilaku pada Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah pada masa pandemic COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan survey tempat pengabdian, pendataan anak, pendekatan orang tua, guru dan kader kesehatan di komunitas, kemudian dilanjutkan melakukan screening sasaran, melakukan deteksi dini resiko masalah dan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada orangtua. Proses deteksi dini masalah menggunakan teknik kuisioner terkait informasi kesehatan anak, proses kegiatan dilakukan secara blended dan memaksimalkan media telehealth dengan memaksimalkan media modul, poster, chat group dan blended webinar kesehatan. Total peserta adalah pair 60 anak usia pra-sekolah yang didampingi oleh orangtua. Dari hasil deteksi dini didapatkan 6.3 % partisipan mengalami resiko gangguan tumbuh kembang dan 45.8% mengalami resiko gangguan perilaku berkaitan dampak Pandemic covid-19. Dari hasil pendidikan kesehatan terjadi kenaikan signifikan dalam pemahaman pada orang tua dengan anak usia pra-sekolah terkait managemen proses pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan perilaku dengan nilai t 6.89 dan nilai P <.01. Dari kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan ditemukannya identifikasi resiko gangguan pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan perilaku anak pra-sekolah yang cukup tinggi dimana proses pendampingan dan peningkatan pemahaman pengetahuan orangtua sangat diperlukan dalam konteks secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan
Что замедляет научный прогресс
Authors: Крюков В.А. , Тесля П.Н.
Published: June 2022

Более четверти века назад многие ученые заметили существенное замедление потока научных открытий. Каждый шаг научного прогресса стал даваться все труднее, для этого требуется больше усилий и инвестиций. Одна из причин падения эффективности научной деятельности – нерациональное распределение ресурсов. Это в свою очередь стало следствием извращенных стимулов, главным из которых все в большей степени становится стремление к наращиванию количества научных публикаций в высокорейтинговых международных журналах вместо поиска научной истины. Контроль над формированием научной политики незаметно перешел к глобальным издательским домам, преследующим не научные, а коммерческие цели. Их издательская деятельность и организация индексов цитирования научных публикаций стали одними из важнейших причин замедления научного прогресса. Российская наука находится в ущемленном состоянии, для исправления ситуации необходима реформа научной политики.
Пассажирские авиаперевозки: антикризисные реакции и направления восстановления
Authors: Фокеев М.А.
Published: June 2022

Кризис, вызванный пандемией коронавируса, вызвал существенное падение производственных показателей в отрасли пассажирских авиаперевозок и вынудил игроков изменить бизнес-модели. Базируясь на упоминаниях действий авиакомпаний в 2020 г. и первой половине 2021 г., автор рассматривает применимость отраслевой бизнес-модели и модели стратегий реагирования на кризис в российских условиях. С учетом региональной специфики определены типы реакций отечественных авиакомпаний на влияние кризиса и их элементы, глубина изменения бизнес-моделей. По результатам анализа удалось обнаружить отличную от зарубежных авиакомпаний последовательность реагирования российских перевозчиков на кризис, выраженную в поиске инновационных решений, расширении цепочки ценности, помимо сокращения активов и обращения за государственной поддержкой. Подобное поведение связано с региональными особенностями российского рынка, выраженными в институциональных характеристиках, архитектуре рынка и потребительском поведении. В совокупности комплексный и хронологический анализ на протяжении 1,5 лет позволил также выявить набор трендов развития рынка пассажирских воздушных перевозок в России, устойчивость которых может выступать предметом для продолжения тематических исследований.
Российский опыт адаптации к внешним для экономики шокам (о книге «Ответ российского бизнеса на пандемию COVID-19»)
Authors: Дементьев В.Е.
Published: June 2022

В статье обсуждается монография, подготовленная по результатам совместного проекта НИУ ВШЭ и РСПП, в рамках которого исследовались отраслевые кейсы реагирования компаний на вызванный пандемией COVID-19 кризис и рассматривались сценарии посткризисного развития. Представлены уроки, которые можно извлечь из опыта этого реагирования для повышения устойчивости российской экономики к кризисам и внешним шокам. Обсуждаются дающиеся прогнозы. Особое внимание уделяется ограниченной емкости внутреннего рынка, способной затруднить цифровую трансформацию отечественной экономики. Обозначена актуальная сфера использования апробированной в монографии методологии мезоэкономического анализа, во многом оставшаяся за рамками рассматриваемого исследования.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION
Authors: Rodrigues Alessandra dos Santos de Araújo , Silva Andréa Pereira da , Cardoso Adelzira Rodrigues , Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Arrais Kamilla Rocha , Silva Juan Victor da , Silva Maiara Soares Gomes da , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito
Published: June 2022

Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing lower limb amputation in a public hospital in southern Piauí state, Brazil. Method: Retrospective and descriptive study, with document analysis and quantitative approach. Data collection took place in July and August 2021, using an instrument developed by the researchers. Data were processed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. Results: The sample consisted of 70 patients with a mean age of 65.59 years, most of them male (61.4%), brown (88.6%), married (48.3%), retired (42.9%), coming from other cities of Piauí (87.1%). Most patients (47.1%) had a comorbidity at the time of amputation, with diabetes mellitus (34.3%) being the most prevalent, followed by systemic arterial hypertension (12.9%). Diabetes was the main cause of amputation (48.6%), being the transfemoral level (42.9%) the most affected. All procedures were performed on an emergency basis, and most hospitalizations (94.3%) progressed to discharge. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that people with diabetes, males, and the elderly were the individuals who most underwent amputation, with the transfemoral level being the most performed.
Влияние скорости ацетилирования на фармакокинетику изониазида у пациентов с впервые выявленным туберкулезом легких
Authors: Краснова Наталия Михайловна , Николаев Вячеслав Михайлович , Макарова Татьяна Семеновна , Татаринова Ольга Викторовна , Прокопьев Егор Спиридонович , Кравченко Александр Федорович , Венгеровский Александр Исаакович , Борисов Сергей Евгеньевич , Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: June 2022

Индивидуальная восприимчивость больных туберкулезом к изониазиду зависит от вариабельности его фармакокинетики, обусловленной полиморфизмом гена N-ацетилтрансферазы 2. Фармакокинетические параметры изониазида – максимальная и минимальная равновесные концентрации, время достижения максимальной концентрации, время, в течение которого концентрация превышает среднюю концентрацию в плазме, константа элиминации, период полуэлиминации не отличаются у пациентов с медленным, промежуточным и быстрым типом ацетилирования (p > 0,05). У пациентов с быстрым типом ацетилирования площадь под фармакокинетической кривой и средняя концентрация изониазида в плазме ниже, чем у пациентов с медленным типом ацетилирования (p = 0,0076 и p = 0,0073 соответственно). У пациентов с медленным типом ацетилирования слабее выражен разброс концентраций изониазида в плазме, чем у обладающих промежуточным и быстрым типом ацетилирования (p = 0,0002 и p = 0,0124 соответственно). Фармакокинетические показатели изониазида были одинаковыми у лиц с промежуточным и быстрым уровнем ацетилиорования.
Charité Caesarean Birth Improves Birth Experience in Planned and Unplanned Caesarean Sections While Maintaining Maternal and Neonatal Safety: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Radtke Laura , Dukatz Ricarda , Biele Carolin , Paping Alexander , Sameez Khaled , Klapp Christine , Henrich Wolfgang , Dückelmann Anna M
Published: June 2022

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the safety of a modified caesarean delivery (Charité caesarean birth) in an extended frame of indications, and to examine its impact on parents’ birth experience and long-term effects. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed from January to June 2019. A standardized questionnaire was given to all women who gave birth as an inpatient delivery. Eight months after hospital discharge, all women who gave consent were sent a follow-up questionnaire including questions on current feelings, breast feeding, bonding, and support system, as well as a screening for postnatal depression. Indications for caesarean delivery included preterm birth, fetal malpresentation, fetal malformation, twin pregnancy, and maternal pre-existing conditions. Results: The study cohort included 110 women. The mode of delivery was spontaneous in 49%, per vacuum extraction in 15%, conventional caesarean section in 7%, and Charité caesarean birth in 29%. The groups with Charité versus conventional caesarean delivery did not significantly differ in neonatal admission rates, umbilical cord parameters, maternal blood loss, or duration of surgery. Compared to conventional caesarean delivery, women who underwent a Charité caesarean delivery were significantly more satisfied with their birth experience. At follow-up, the mode of delivery was not associated with significant differences in postnatal depression, breast feeding, or bonding parameters. Conclusions: Outside of emergency situations, Charité caesarean birth improves patients’ well-being, without increased maternal and neonatal morbidity.
Application Value of Sonographic Scoring Method in the Diagnosis of Singleton Angular Pregnancy and Angular Villi or Placenta Accrete
Authors: Zhang Ling
Published: June 2022

Background: To explore the sonographic features of singleton angular pregnancy and angular villi or placenta accrete, and to put forward the standard of sonographic refined classification by sonographic score. Methods: The sonographic images and data of 59 cases of angular pregnancy diagnosed by gold standard were retrospectively analyzed, and the sonographic features and scores of different types of angular pregnancy, angular villi or placenta accrete were summarized. A new sonographic fine classification standard was proposed. Results: According to the gold standard, 59 cases of angular pregnancy were divided into three types: type I (endogenous type), type II (exogenous type) and type III (angular and interstitial type). All 59 cases were scored by ultrasound of angular pregnancy type and angular villi or placenta accrete. The median sonographic score of type I, II and III angular pregnancy was 3.0 [2, 3], 6.0 [4, 6] and 6.5 [6, 7.5], respectively, while the best cut-off value of villi or placenta accrete was 2.5, sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.0%. Conclusions: Ultrasonography can accurately diagnose angular pregnancy and provide fine classification, and is also of great application value for angular villi accrete in the first trimester, angular placenta accrete in the second and third trimester and postpartum angular placenta residual accrete.
Application of green silver nanoparticles synthesized from the red seaweeds Halymenia porphyriformis and Solieria robusta against oral pathogenic bacteria by using microscopic technique
Authors: Khan Khadija Dilawaiz , Hanif Uzma , Liaqat Iram , Shaheen Shabnum , Awan Umer Farooq , Ishtiaq Saiqa , Pereira Leonel , Bahadur Saraj , Khan Marriam Dilawaiz
Published: June 2022

Aqueous extracts of two red seaweeds Halymenia porphyriformis and Solieria robusta were used to synthesize green silver nanoparticles. These biogenic nanoparticles were tested against four strains of oral pathogenic bacteria which cause tooth decay or cavities. Staphylococcus aureus (MT416445), Streptococcus viridans (MT416448), Lactobacillus acidophilus (MT416447) and Lactobacillus brevis (MT416446) were used. Characterization of AgNPs was done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and FTIR. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the particles. The size analysis by XRD of the green AgNPs by H. porphyriformis indicated it had smaller particles, 15.23 nm, when compared to AgNPs by S. robusta (17 nm). Both green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed moderate antibacterial activity against all strains of bacteria, except L. acidophilus. Both particles showed their maximum zone of inhibition against L. acidophilus at a lower concentration of 50 and 100 μg. However, it was concluded that silver nanoparticles of H. porphyriformis are more effective than that of S. robusta due to their smaller size.
Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) and Gap Junction Protein Alpha 4 (GJA4) Gene Heterogeneity in Relation to Severity of Clinical Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Laubach Joern Pascal , Ludwig Michael , Horn Tabea , Eickmeier Olaf , Smaczny Christina , Schubert Ralf , Zielen Stefan , Majoor Christof , Aydin Malik , Schmitt-Grohé Sabina
Published: June 2022

Background: Recently, we provided evidence that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs41266431, on the gap junction protein alpha 4 (GJA4) gene, acts as a modifier for clinical disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These features are very similar to those of variants of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL). This study aimed to clarify whether the clinical disease phenotype associated with GJA4 variants is independent of MBL variants. Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with homozygous F508del (mean age, 27.6 years; m/f, 61/51) were recruited from the CF centers of Bonn, Frankfurt, and Amsterdam. A sequence analysis was performed for GJA4 and MBL. The clinical phenotype was assessed over three years using pulmonary function tests, body mass index, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, diabetes mellitus, survival to end-stage lung disease, and inflammatory markers. Results: A clinically relevant SNP of GJA4 was identified by sequence analysis. Pulmonary function (FVC% pred, mean 78/85; p < 0.055) and survival to end-stage lung disease were lower (p < 0.043) for this variant (rs41266431) in carriers homozygous for the G variant (n = 82/112; 73%) than in other carriers. Serum MBL (820/372 ng/mL, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in “MBL-sufficient” genotypes (n = 79/112; 71%) than in “MBL-insufficient” genotypes, and a trend for a significant difference in BMI percentiles (35.2/23.8; p < 0.059) was observed. For the MBL-sufficient genotype (median age at death, 38/26 years), there was a trend for better survival (p < 0.076). There was no augmentation by gene-gene interaction between MBL and GJA4 variants for any outcome parameter. Conclusions: The clinical disease phenotype associated with GJA4 variants is independent of MBL variants. MBL-sufficient variants were associated with superior BMI and a trend for better survival than MBL insufficient variants.
Harnessing the Neuroprotective Behaviors of Müller Glia for Retinal Repair
Authors: Peña Juan S. , Vazquez Maribel
Published: June 2022

Progressive and irreversible vision loss in mature and aging adults creates a health and economic burden, worldwide. Despite the advancements of many contemporary therapies to restore vision, few approaches have considered the innate benefits of gliosis, the endogenous processes of retinal repair that precede vision loss. Retinal gliosis is fundamentally driven by Müller glia (MG) and is characterized by three primary cellular mechanisms: hypertrophy, proliferation, and migration. In early stages of gliosis, these processes have neuroprotective potential to halt the progression of disease and encourage synaptic activity among neurons. Later stages, however, can lead to glial scarring, which is a hallmark of disease progression and blindness. As a result, the neuroprotective abilities of MG have remained incompletely explored and poorly integrated into current treatment regimens. Bioengineering studies of the intrinsic behaviors of MG hold promise to exploit glial reparative ability, while repressing neuro-disruptive MG responses. In particular, recent in vitro systems have become primary models to analyze individual gliotic processes and provide a stepping stone for in vivo strategies. This review highlights recent studies of MG gliosis seeking to harness MG neuroprotective ability for regeneration using contemporary biotechnologies. We emphasize the importance of studying gliosis as a reparative mechanism, rather than disregarding it as an unfortunate clinical prognosis in diseased retina.
In Vitro Model of Suppression of the Alloantigen Response by Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Transfected with Personalized DNA Constructs Encoding HLA Epitopes
Authors: Shevchenko Julia A. , Lopatnikova Julia A. , Khantakova Julia N. , Silkov Alexander N. , Kuznetsova Maria S. , Kurilin Vasiliy V. , Maksyutov Amir Z. , Sennikov Sergey V.
Published: June 2022

Background: A search for efficient graft rejection modulation techniques for the promotion of durable engraftment remains to be a matter of close study all over the world. Despite the variety of immunosuppressive drugs, the schemes currently used show a lack of selectivity and have a number of side effects. Here we investigated an approach for the induction of antigen-specific tolerance in a human “stimulator-responder” model in vitro, using dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with designed DNA constructs encoding the stimulator’s major histocompatibility complex (MHC) epitopes. Methods: The object of the study is peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 healthy donors. To induce antigen-specific tolerance, personalized DNA constructs were created for five responder–stimulator pairs, based on the sequences of donors’ and recipients’ MHCs. DNA sequencing was performed to select epitopes for incorporation into genetic constructs. A mixed lymphocyte culture assay was used (i) to assess the proliferative response in both directions for all possible stimulator–responder pairs (90 reactions) and (ii) to assess the tolerogenic properties of the generated transfected DCs (5 reactions). Results: A significant increase in the amounts of FoxP3+ CD4+CD25+ cells and in IL-10 production was shown in culture of donor mononuclear cells after co-cultivation with the responder’s dendritic cells transfected with donor-specific plasmids. The tolerogenic cultures generated using tolerogenic DCs transfected with MHC epitopes had a significantly greater ability to inhibit the proliferation of autologous MNCs in response to an allogeneic MHC stimulus. Conclusions: The produced DCs transfected with DNA constructs against HLA stimulating epitopes exhibited tolerogenic properties and may be used to develop antigen-specific tolerance. Thus, we proposed a perspective approach to the induction of antigen-specific tolerance, which should subsequently be studied for use in clinical practice.
Aberrant callosal morphology in ex-smokers
Authors: Dale Caitlin , Kalantary Delshad , Luders Eileen , Kurth Florian
Published: June 2022

Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with widespread structural alterations in both brain hemispheres as well as of the corpus callosum (i.e., the brain’s main interhemispheric white matter pathway). While similar hemispheric alterations have also been reported in ex-smokers, no study has yet examined the corpus callosum in ex-smokers. Methods: We compared callosal morphology in a sample of 107 ex-smokers (57 males/50 females) and 193 non-smokers (73 males/120 females), aged between 42 and 97 years. More specifically, we measured the total callosal area as well as seven callosal subregions using the Witelson parcellation scheme. Results: At uncorrected levels, we detected significantly smaller callosal areas in ex-smokers than in non-smokers within the posterior midbody, genu, and isthmus (albeit the latter only on a trend level). When applying corrections for multiple comparisons, only the effect within the posterior midbody remained significant. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a weaker interhemispheric connectivity in ex-smokers compared to non-smokers, specifically between frontal and temporal areas.
Understanding the Role of Glia-Neuron Communication in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy: A Review
Authors: Chen Peng , Chen Fuchao , Zhou Benhong
Published: June 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that causes repeated seizures. It affects 65 million people worldwide and is a major burden on individuals and health systems. It has been reported that factors leading to ion channel disfuntion, neuronal damage and are all involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The exact etipathogenic mechanism is unknown and appropriate therapeutic targets remain elusive. Recent studies point to a significant contribution by non-neuronal cells, the glia—especially astrocytes and microglia—in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. This review critically evaluates the role of glia-induced hyperexcitability in the pathogenesis of epilepsy to provide a better understanding of the contribution of glia to epilepsy.
The Common and Different Neural Bases of Distraction and Reinterpretation: A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies
Authors: Liu Yuluo , Wang Xiangyu , Gui Shan , Tong Fang , Liu Zilong , Yang Lian , Zhou Yiwu
Published: June 2022

Distraction and reinterpretation have been recognized as two different tactics of emotion regulation. As a tactic of attention deployment, distraction involves shifting attention to neutral information or performing a secondary task to distract attention from emotion stimuli of the primary task. Reinterpretation, a representative tactic of cognitive change, was defined as changing the meaning of a situation to enhance or reduce its emotional impact. Thus, there are significant differences between the two processes. We wondered if the neural mechanisms underlying distraction and reinterpretation are different. Even though their neural correlates have been widely studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), few studies were conducted to compare the two tactics directly. Here we conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses to investigate the common or different neural bases of distraction and reinterpretation. Moreover, we also used the meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) to identify the emotion regulation network of distraction and reinterpretation. Overall, we found that the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was consistently activated during distraction and reinterpretation, whereas the left amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) were specifically activated during reinterpretation alone. The results indicate that the neural basis of distraction and reinterpretation are similar but not identical. The MACM results showed that distraction and reinterpretation share a common emotion regulation network, including the bilateral DLPFC, the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, the inferior parietal lobule, the insula, the left (pre) supplementary motor area, the left middle temporal gyrus, and the right superior temporal gyrus. However, that network may subserve different functions when adopting various emotion regulation strategies. In addition, we suggest that the emotion regulation network of the left VLPFC may be a specific regulatory network for reinterpretation.
Too Much and Too Little: Antidepressant Treatment in Stroke Survivors during the First Year
Authors: Werheid Katja , Volz Matthias , Ladwig Simon , Hackett Maree
Published: June 2022

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most frequent mental illness after stroke, affecting about 30% of stroke survivors and hampering rehabilitation outcome. While current guidelines recommend monitored antidepressant treatment (ADT) in PSD, the limited precision between the use and need of ADT in clinical practice remains underassessed and poorly understood. Methods: Depression according to DSM criteria and ADT was assessed in n = 294 stroke survivors from two German rehabilitation centers about one, six, and twelve months after stroke. At each measurement occasion, PSD and current use of ADT was assessed, leading to four subgroups: PSD (yes/no) and ADT (yes/no). Frequencies of ADT and PSD were examined and analyzed with regard to depression severity (minor/major). Intra-individual trajectories were used to assess the persistence in ADT over- and undertreatment from a longitudinal perspective. Results: After one, 6 and 12 months, 36.7%, 31.1% and 25.5% of stroke survivors fulfilled the criteria for depression. Across all measurement occasions, 53% of depressed stroke survivors did not receive ADT, while 12% of the non-depressed did. ADT between stroke survivors with major or minor depression differed at baseline but not thereafter. Between 15–40% of the depressed without ADT experienced persisting undertreatment and 25–50% the non-depressed with ADT had not fulfilled depression criteria at an earlier time point. Conclusions: Depression occurred in one in three stroke survivors. Among these, only one in two received ADT, irrespective of PSD severity after discharge. In contrast, one in eight stroke survivors without depressive disorder received ADT, about half of them in the absence of earlier PSD. In conclusion, we found evidence of both under- and overtreatment of PSD with ADT, which emphasizes the need for a more stringent implementation of current PSD guideline recommendations.
Multi-Modality Imaging of the Tricuspid Valve: From Tricuspid Valve Disease to Catheter-Based Interventions
Authors: Fazzari Fabio , Cannata Francesco , Maurina Matteo , Bragato Renato Maria , Francone Marco
Published: June 2022

Tricuspid valve disease represents a major health problem that affects a wide proportion of heart failure patients with a significant prognostic impact. In recent years an increasing number of minimally invasive and transcatheter treatments have been developed. The choice of the optimal transcatheter device therapy needs a careful patient selection and a dedicated anatomic assessment, mainly based on echocardiographic and computed tomography evaluation. Moreover, cardiac magnetic resonance has an established role in the functional assessment of right heart chambers with relevant prognostic implications. In this review we describe the role of multimodality imaging in the tricuspid valve disease assessment with an intervention-oriented perspective, from the pre-operative planning for different devices to the intraprocedural guide during transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.
Impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Management of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Single-Center Historic Control Study
Authors: Zhao Rui , Xu Wei , Wang Zhao , Yu Cuntao , Yang Yanmin
Published: June 2022

Background: The present study aimed to clarify the impact of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on emergency management of acute type A aortic dissection. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 337 acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients at emergency room in Fuwai Hospital (Beijing, China) from January to June during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic (n = 148) and the same period in 2019 as the historical control (n = 189). The primary outcome was defined as in-hospital death. Other outcomes included automatic discharge during emergency admission. The factors with significant differences before and after the epidemic were compared and analyzed by stages with the study endpoint to clarify their changes in different stages of the epidemic. Results: There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality (35 (20.5%) vs. 23 (17.4%), p = 0.472). Compared with year 2019, proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment decreased significantly (74 (50.0%) vs. 129 (68.25%), p < 0.001). The surgery time of ATAAD patients in 2020 was significantly shorter (6.46 [5.52, 7.51] vs. 7.33 [6.00, 8.85] hours, p = 0.01). The length of stay in the emergency department significantly differed at each stage. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of ATAAD patients and surgical treatment during COVID-19 outbreak. The surgical strategy of patients changed, but the overall mortality was largely the same. Patients undergoing surgery had a trend toward longer interval from the onset to the operating room, but they tended to be normal at the end of the epidemic. Proper epidemic prevention policies may avoid COVID-19 hitting patients who are not infected with the virus to the greatest extent.