bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semaglutide ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by improving cardiac mitophagy to suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: He Wenxiu , Wei Jiahe , Liu Xing , Zhang Zhongyin , Huang Rongjie , Jiang Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an important cause of heart failure(HF). Recent studies reveal that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can improve mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction in the patients with type 2 diabetes and HF. The present study aims to investigate whether semaglutide, a long-acting GLP1R agonist, can ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, and explore the potential mechanism. The rats were performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to mimic pressure overload model. The rats were divided into four groups including Sham, TAC, TAC + semaglutide, and TAC + semaglutide + HCQ (hydroxychloroquine, an inhibitor of mitophagy). The rats in each experimental group received their respective interventions for 4 weeks. The parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) were measured by echocardiography, Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, western-blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. The changes of mitophagy were reflected by detecting cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), LC3II/LC3I, mitochondria, and autophagosomes. Meanwhile, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and interleukin-18 were detected to evaluate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in each group. The results suggest that LVH, impaired mitophagy, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome were present in TAC rats. Semaglutide significantly reduced LVH, improve mitophagy, and down-regulated NLRP3 inflammatory signal pathway in TAC rats. However, the reversed effect of semaglutide on cardiac hypertrophy was abolished by HCQ, which restored the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome suppressed by improved mitophagy. In conclusion, semaglutide ameliorates the cardiac hypertrophy by improving cardiac mitophagy to suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Semaglutide may be a novel potential option for intervention of cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.
Tocilizumab is associated with reduced delirium and coma in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Alkhateeb Tuqa , Stollings Joanna L. , Sohn Ine , Liu Dandan , Fleenor L. Montana , Ely E. Wesley , Lahiri Shouri
Published: May 2024

Recent preclinical studies demonstrate a direct pathological role for the interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway in mediating structural and functional delirium-like phenotypes in animal models of acute lung injury. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 pathway inhibitor, has shown reduced duration of ventilator dependency and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. In this study, we test the hypothesis that tocilizumab is associated with reduced delirium/coma prevalence in critically ill patients with COVID-19. 253 patients were included in the study cohort, 69 in the tocilizumab group and 184 in the historical control group who did not receive tocilizumab. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) with a positive score indicating delirium. Coma was defined as a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score of − 4 or − 5. Tocilizumab was associated with significantly greater number of days alive without delirium/coma (tocilizumab [7 days (IQR: 3–9 days)] vs control [3 days (IQR: 1–8 days)]; p < 0.001). These results remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, sepsis, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and median daily dose of analgesics/sedatives ($$\hat{\upbeta }$$

β
^

 = 0.671, p = 0.010). There were no significant differences in mortality ($$\hat{\upbeta }$$

β
^

 = − 0.204, p = 0.561), ventilator duration ($$\hat{\upbeta }$$

β
^

 = 0.016, p = 0.956), and ICU or hospital length of stay ($$\hat{\upbeta }$$

β
^

 = − 0.134, p = 0.603; $$\hat{\upbeta }$$

β
^

 = 0.003, p = 0.991, respectively). Tocilizumab use was associated with significantly increased number of days without delirium/coma. Confirmation of these findings in randomized prospective studies may inform a novel paradigm of pharmacological amelioration of delirium/coma during critical illness.
Evaluation of short and mid-term clinical outcomes in patients with aortic coarctation treated with self-expandable stents
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shabestari Mahmoud , Eshraghi Ali , Hakim Attar Farnaz , Ghaderi Fereshteh , Poorzand Hoorak , Mohammadzadeh Shabestari Amir Hossein , Alizadeh Behzad , Morovatdar Negar , Shahri Bahram , Alimi Hedieh , Tayyebi Mohammad , Gholoobi Arash , Askari Vahid Reza , Garivani Yousef Ali , Mohammadzadeh Shabestari Mohammad , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous treatment of aortic coarctation using self-expandable uncovered Nitinol stents. We conducted a retrospective clinical data review of all patients with aortic coarctation and treated with self-expandable uncovered Nitinol stents at our institution between 2009 and 2019. The gradient pressure across the coarctation site was measured using aortography. Follow-up echocardiography and computed tomography angiography were performed to assess possible stent complications. A total of 127 stents were successfully implanted in 125 patients (64.8% males) with a mean age of 35.36 ± 11.9 years. The gradient across the coarctation site decreased significantly from 67.48 ± 14.79 to 5.04 ± 3.01 mmHg (P < 0.001) after self-expandable stent implantation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly from 175.53 ± 15.99 to 147.22 ± 12.83 mmHg (P < 0.001) after self-expandable stenting. There were no major technical or clinical complications, including balloon rupture, aneurysmal formation, infection, secondary stent migration, thrombosis, death during the procedure, and in-hospital mortality. On a mean follow-up of 48 ± 23.6 months (12–120 months), the gradient [from 59.43 ± 15.42 to 3.72 ± 1.38 mmHg (P < 0.001)] and SBP [from 175.53 ± 15.99 to 127.99 ± 7.82 mmHg (P < 0.001)] decreased significantly. There was no mortality, aneurysmal formation in the stent site, dislocation, or aortic re-stenosis requiring intervention during mid-term follow-up. Treatment of aortic coarctation using a self-expandable uncovered nitinol stent is safe and effective with promising mid-term outcomes.
COVID-19 was associated with the complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wen Qi , Guo Ze , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Yan Chen-Hua , Chen Huan , Chen Yu-Hong , Han Wei , Wang Feng-Rong , Sun Yu-Qian , Huang Xiao-Jun , Mo Xiao-Dong
Published: May 2024

We aimed to identify the severity and duration of COVID-19 infection on complications after allo-HSCT. Enrolled 179 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were categorized into long-term infection (> 18 days, n = 90) or short-term infection group (≤ 18 days, n = 89) according to the median duration of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 was categorized as asymptomatic infection, mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness according to guidelines of National Institutes of Health. Particularly, severe illness and critical illness were classified as serious infection. Asymptomatic infection, mild illness and moderate illness were classified as non-serious infection. The 150-day probabilities of poor graft function (PGF), cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were significantly higher in long-term infection group. The 150-day probabilities of CMV pneumonia and NRM after COVID-19 were higher in serious infection group. The 150-day probabilities of overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in long-term and serious infection group. In multivariable analysis, the severity of COVID-19 was associated with NRM and OS, and the duration of COVID-19 was associated with PGF. In summary, our data reported that the severity and duration of COVID-19 were associated with several complications and contribute to poor outcomes after allo-HSCT.
Diabetes drugs activate neuroprotective pathways in models of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Poupon-Bejuit Laura , Geard Amy , Millicheap Nathan , Rocha-Ferreira Eridan , Hagberg Henrik , Thornton Claire , Rahim Ahad A
Published: May 2024

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) arises from diminished blood flow and oxygen to the neonatal brain during labor, leading to infant mortality or severe brain damage, with a global incidence of 1.5 per 1000 live births. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor (GLP1-R) agonists, used in type 2 diabetes treatment, exhibit neuroprotective effects in various brain injury models, including HIE. In this study, we observed enhanced neurological outcomes in post-natal day 10 mice with surgically induced hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury after immediate systemic administration of exendin-4 or semaglutide. Short- and long-term assessments revealed improved neuropathology, survival rates, and locomotor function. We explored the mechanisms by which GLP1-R agonists trigger neuroprotection and reduce inflammation following oxygen-glucose deprivation and HI in neonatal mice, highlighting the upregulation of the PI3/AKT signalling pathway and increased cAMP levels. These findings shed light on the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of GLP1-R agonists in HIE, potentially extending to other neurological conditions, supporting their potential clinical use in treating infants with HIE.
Immunogenicity and efficacy of CNA25 as a potential whole-cell vaccine against systemic candidiasis
Authors: Sahu Satya Ranjan , Dutta Abinash , Peroumal Doureradjou , Kumari Premlata , Utakalaja Bhabasha Gyanadeep , Patel Shraddheya Kumar , Acharya Narottam
Published: May 2024

Disseminated fungal infections account for ~1.5 million deaths per year worldwide, and mortality may increase further due to a rise in the number of immunocompromised individuals and drug-resistance fungal species. Since an approved antifungal vaccine is yet to be available, this study explored the immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of a DNA polymerase mutant strain of Candida albicans. CNA25 is a pol32ΔΔ strain that exhibits growth defects and does not cause systemic candidiasis in mice. Immunized mice with live CNA25 were fully protected against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis but partially against C. tropicalis and C. glabrata infections. CNA25 induced steady expression of TLR2 and Dectin-1 receptors leading to a faster recognition and clearance by the immune system associated with the activation of protective immune responses mostly mediated by neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Molecular blockade of Dectin-1, IL-17, IFNγ, and TNFα abolished resistance to reinfection. Altogether, this study suggested that CNA25 collectively activates innate, adaptive, and trained immunity to be a promising live whole-cell vaccine against systemic candidiasis.
Research on upconversion and temperature sensing properties of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped glass ceramics containing BaF2 crystals
Authors: Wu Yu-long , Lin She-bao , Wang Zhao-jin , Dong Juan , Guo Ya-ting , Liang Jia-qi , Jiang Peng , Feng Ai-ling , Xu Qiang , Zhao Xiao-xia , Liu Chun-xiao
Published: May 2024

Transparent glass ceramics embedded with BaF2:Er3+,Yb3+ nanocrystals can be used as optical temperature sensors.
Laser-induced fragmentation of coronene cations
Authors: Panchagnula Sanjana , Kamer Jerry , Candian Alessandra , Hrodmarsson Helgi R. , Linnartz Harold , Bouwman Jordy , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: May 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are an important component of the interstellar medium of galaxies and photochemistry plays a key role in the evolution of these species in space.
Anti-inflammatory activity of plant sterols in a co-culture model of intestinal inflammation: focus on food-matrix effect
Authors: Faubel Nerea , Makran Mussa , Barberá Reyes , Garcia-Llatas Guadalupe , Giardina Ilenia Concetta , Tesoriere Luisa , Attanzio Alessandro , Cilla Antonio
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the gut anti-inflammatory activity of a plant sterol (PS) food supplement (PS-FS), alongside PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverage and PS-enriched rye bread.
Non-invasive hERG channel screening based on electrical impedance tomography and extracellular voltage activation (EIT–EVA)
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad Fathul , Kawashima Daisuke , Li Songshi , Ogasawara Satoshi , Murata Takeshi , Takei Masahiro
Published: May 2024

Non-invasive hERG channel screening is achieved by integrating electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and extracellular voltage activation (EVA) into a PCB sensor.
Synthesis and properties of novel block-structured polyarylates containing fluorene: a two-step interface polymerization
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Liu Yingying , Wang Bolin , Long Xiubo , Yao Wenlong
Published: May 2024

Insignificant crystallisation behaviour in block polyarylates due to disruption of chain wrought regularity by the introduction of pendant groups.
N-Heterocyclic carbene/palladium synergistic catalysis in organic synthesis
Authors: Debnath Chhanda , Bhoi Saswat Ranjan , Gandhi Shikha
Published: May 2024

This review summarizes the progress made in the area of synergistic catalysis with N-heterocyclic carbenes and palladium.
Selenium-catalyzed allylic C–H phosphoramidation of alkenes
Authors: Huang Chengjie , Yang Tao , Jia Jingyang , Fu Songsen , Hong Bang , Wu Fan , Ni Feng
Published: May 2024

A selenium-catalyzed allylic phosphoramidation of alkenes is presented. This method has been shown capable of modifying various drug derivatives, including a photoaffinity probe of caryophyllene for proteomic target labelling in live HeLa cells.
Enhanced solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting using nanoflower Au/CuO/GaN hybrid photoanodes
Authors: Abdelmoneim Alhoda , Elfayoumi M. A. K. , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Sh. , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Lee June Key , Tawfik Wael Z.
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the development of a novel Au/CuO/GaN hybrid structure photoelectrode for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, enabling environmentally friendly H2 production.
Polyvinylidene fluoride/graphene oxide/polyimide composite high-efficiency PM2.5 filtration nanofiber membranes
Authors: Chen Hangdong , Sun Xun , Wang Ying , Shi Lixian , Liu Xuan , Hu Nantao
Published: May 2024

We have prepared a nanofibre membrane with high quality factor, remarkable thermal stability and excellent mechanical strength.
Cu/CeO2 catalysts for reverse water gas shift reactions: the effect of the preparation method
Authors: Wang Jieru , Wang Chaoxian , Feng Yongqiang , Li Fang , Su Wanting , Fang Yuanyuan , Zhao Binran
Published: May 2024

Plasma-induced micro-combustion is used to prepare highly active Cu/CeO2 catalysts for RWGS reaction.
Prospects of polymer coatings for all solid-state and emerging Li-ion batteries
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Nisar Umair , Rahman Muhammad Mominur , Dixit Marm , Abouimrane Ali , Belharouak Ilias
Published: May 2024

We summarize the influence of polymer coatings on cathode particles for electrochemical energy storage applications. We report on the effect of different polymer types, their properties, and their influence on thermo-electro-chemical behavior.
Modeling Dimensionality of Bilingual Kindergarteners' Language Knowledge in Spanish and English
Authors: Pratt Amy S. , Durant Kathleen , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This study used structural equation modeling to investigate the dimensionality of language in Spanish–English bilingual kindergartners. Five theoretical models were compared, including (a) a unidimensional model; (b) a two-dimensional model by language (Spanish, English); (c) a three-dimensional model by domain of language (phonology, semantics, morphosyntax); (d) a second-order model organized first by language (Spanish, English), with each language dimension comprising three domain-specific dimensions (phonology, semantics, morphosyntax); and (e) a six-dimensional model with freely covarying language-specific domains.

Method:

Participants included 238 Spanish–English bilingual kindergartens, as identified by parent report of current language exposure and direct language measures. All participants completed a battery of phonology, semantics, and morphosyntactic test items in English and in Spanish.

Results:

The six-dimensional covarying model constrained by domain and language provided the best fit for the data, with six separate factors for phonology, morphosyntax, and semantics in English and Spanish. The excellent model fit is supported by findings of a
χ
2
to
df
(degrees of freedom) ratio
<
2 with no significance, comparative fit index
>
.95, standardized root-mean-square residual < .08, and root-mean-square error of approximation values ≤ .05.

Conclusions:

Results support emergent theories of bilingual language development. Application of the results to the evaluation and intervention of oral language abilities in bilingual children entering the formal education setting are considered.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25843846
Fast and accurate methodologies for the eddy current losses analysis in axially laminated rotor of synchronous reluctance machines under different loads
Authors: Sitnikov Maksim A. , Martin Floran , Belahcen Anouar
Published: May 2024

The authors present two fast and accurate methodologies for the computation of eddy current losses in the axially laminated rotor of a synchronous reluctance machine. The methodologies are based on different combinations of the finite element method in time and frequency domains with 2D and 3D formulations. First, a comparative study of the 2D and 3D formulations for loss calculation is presented, considering various load angles of the machine to illustrate the problem of eddy‐current losses in this type of machines and its dependence on the load angle. The influence of the iron saturation on the loss calculation is also evaluated in these computations. A novel correction factor based on the computations at two load angles is proposed to convert the losses computed from a 2D model to match those computed from a 3D model. For the sake of generality, investigations are also conducted for various thicknesses of the lamination layers and different machine lengths, and an analytical method to describe the dependency of eddy‐current losses on the load angle of the machine is introduced. Moreover, a simplified method is proposed for modelling eddy currents in the frequency domain and calculating losses in an axially laminated structure based solely on the results of a magnetostatic solution. The results obtained by the simplified model demonstrate excellent agreement with the full 3D magneto‐dynamic simulation. Overall, the findings contribute to understanding and accurately characterising the eddy current losses in axially laminated rotors, offering potential insights for designing and optimising axially laminated synchronous reluctance electric machines.
Degradation of superhydrophobic aluminium overhead line conductor surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xu , Plaengpraphan Chorphaka , Lian Chengxing , Li Wenyuan , Han Qinghua , Rowland Simon M. , Cotton Ian , Li Qi
Published: May 2024

It has been shown that noise emissions from HV overhead line conductors can be reduced under rain conditions by making their surfaces superhydrophobic. The working environment makes ensuring the longevity of any treatment a major challenge. The degradation of various superhydrophobic surfaces generated by applying a superhydrophobic coating and patterning microscale channels is assessed under an AC electric field (18 kV/cm) with continuous water spray. By examining the droplet distribution on the surfaces during the degradation and the surface roughness before and after degradation, the authors demonstrate that no water droplets were found on the microscale patterned surface, but droplets were formed on the coated surface after degradation. The surface roughness reduction of the coated surface and microscale patterned surface was 29.8% and 11.3%, respectively, indicating that the microscale patterned surface has better durability than the superhydrophobic coating under the AC electric stress.
Effect of electric field on bubble generation and dissolution characteristics in oil–paper insulation
Authors: Yang Chaojie , Zhao Tao , Liu Yunpeng , Yang Jiajun , Xu Jiaxue , Xu Yingcong
Published: May 2024

The interturn paper insulation of oil‐immersed power transformer windings, under the combined influence of electric fields, moisture, and conductor heating, will produce bubbles, which pose a significant threat to the insulation system. However, there is limited research on the characteristics of bubble evolution in oil–paper insulation under the influence of electric fields and the subsequent dissolution process. Based on the continuous observation of bubble size using electron microscopes, experimental and theoretical investigations into the formation and dissolution of bubbles under electric field conditions are presented. The effects of different field strengths on bubble evolution and dissolution characteristics were studied. The results showed that the electric field promoted both the generation and dissolution of bubbles, with a more pronounced effect observed at higher field strengths (below partial discharge (PD) inception electric field, hereafter referred to as PDIE). However, when the field strength exceeded PDIE, the bubbles tended to shrink and gradually increase in size. The changes in bubble volume were related to not only gas diffusion but also oxygen consumption and fault gases generation due to PD. A better understanding of the formation and dissolution characteristics of bubbles under varying field strengths is achieved. Furthermore, it also provides a reference for assessing the risk of bubble generation and conducting bubble‐related fault diagnosis during the overload operation of oil‐immersed power equipment.
In pursuit of high‐fidelity waveguide imaging restoration using deep learning algorithms: A review
Authors: Zhou Ruiqi , Yang Yang , Xiao Jiong , Liu Zihang , Hao Feifei , Zeng Jinwei , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

Waveguide imaging is considered as one of the most important and widely used techniques in biomedical endoscopic applications. Recently, many attempts have been made to develop ever miniaturised in vivo imaging devices for minimally invasive clinical inspections. However, miniaturisation implies using a smaller optical aperture waveguide, which may introduce pixilation artefacts and pixel‐to‐pixel distortion to deteriorate overall imaging quality. To overcome the constraints imposed by miniaturised waveguides, the deep learning algorithms can be an effective tool to cure the imaging distortion via post‐processing, which already had encouraging results in many scenes of automatic machine‐learnt imaging restoration. The authors introduce the waveguide imaging transmission and the restoration algorithms, and then discuss their possible combinations. The results show that the integration of advanced waveguides and optimised algorithms can achieve unprecedented imaging restoration than before. In the future, in order to fill the need for high‐quality reconstructed images, we should not only improve ability of software to optimise restoration algorithms but also correspondingly concern hardware progress in waveguides. The practical sense of it is to help researchers better master and take advantage of these combinations to make next generation high‐fidelity endoscopes.
MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H I survey
Authors: de Blok W. J. G. , Healy J. , Maccagni F. M. , Pisano D. J. , Bosma A. , English J. , Jarrett T. , Marasco A. , Meurer G. R. , Veronese S. , Bigiel F. , Chemin L. , Fraternali F. , Holwerda B. W. , Kamphuis P. , Klöckner H. R. , Kleiner D. , Leroy A. K. , Mogotsi M. , Oman K. A. , Schinnerer E. , Verdes-Montenegro L. , Westmeier T. , Wong O. I. , Zabel N. , Amram P. , Carignan C. , Combes F. , Brinks E. , Dettmar R. J. , Gibson B. K. , Jozsa G. I. G. , Koribalski B. S. , McGaugh S. S. , Oosterloo T. A. , Spekkens K. , Schröder A. C. , Adams E. A. K. , Athanassoula E. , Bershady M. A. , Beswick R. J. , Blyth S. , Elson E. C. , Frank B. S. , Heald G. , Henning P. A. , Kurapati S. , Loubser S. I. , Lucero D. , Meyer M. , Namumba B. , Oh S.-H. , Sardone A. , Sheth K. , Smith M. W. L. , Sorgho A. , Walter F. , Williams T. , Woudt P. A. , Zijlstra A.
Published: May 2024

The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H I Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H I column densities. The H I column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s−1) ranges from ∼5 × 1017 cm−2 at 90″ resolution to ∼4 × 1019 cm−2 at the highest resolution of 7″. The H I mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is ∼5.5 × 105 M⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s−1. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H I masses from 107 M⊙ to almost 1011 M⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H I fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H I moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H I between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H I-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.
Dark progenitors and massive descendants: A first ALMA perspective of radio-selected near-IR-dark galaxies in the COSMOS field
Authors: Gentile Fabrizio , Talia Margherita , Daddi Emanuele , Giulietti Marika , Lapi Andrea , Massardi Marcella , Pozzi Francesca , Zamorani Giovanni , Behiri Meriem , Enia Andrea , Bethermin Matthieu , Dallacasa Daniele , Delvecchio Ivan , Faisst Andreas L. , Gruppioni Carlotta , Loiacono Federica , Traina Alberto , Vaccari Mattia , Vallini Livia , Vignali Cristian , Smolčić Vernesa , Cimatti Andrea
Published: May 2024

We present the first spectroscopic ALMA follow-up for a pilot sample of nine radio-selected near-IR-dark galaxies in the COSMOS field. These sources were initially selected as radio-detected sources (S3 GHz > 12.65 μJy) without an optical or near-IR (NIR) counterpart in the COSMOS2015 catalog (Ks ≳ 24.7 mag), and just three of them were subsequently detected in the deeper COSMOS2020. Several studies highlighted that this selection could provide a population of highly dust-obscured, massive, and star-bursting galaxies. With these new ALMA observations, we assess the spectroscopic redshifts of this pilot sample of sources and improve the quality of the physical properties estimated through SED-fitting. Moreover, we measure the quantity of molecular gas inside these galaxies and forecast their potential evolutionary path, finding that the radio-selected NIR-dark galaxies might likely represent a population of high-z progenitors of the massive and passive galaxies that were discovered at z ∼ 3. Finally, we present some initial constraints on the kinematics of the interstellar medium within the analyzed galaxies, reporting a high fraction (∼55%) of double-peaked lines that can be interpreted as the signature of a rotating structure in our targets or as the presence of major mergers in our sample. The results we present here show the scientific potential of (sub)mm observations for this elusive population of galaxies and highlight the potential contribution of these sources to the evolution of the massive and passive galaxies at high z.
Temporal and spectral variations of the X-ray pulsar Cen X-3 observed by NuSTAR
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Wei , Santangelo Andrea , Kong Lingda , Ji Long , Ducci Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

We report a time-resolved analysis of the accreting X-ray pulsar Cen X-3 using observations carried out by NuSTAR, which cover approximately two binary orbits in different intensity states. The pulse profile is relatively stable over the orbital phase and shows energy dependence. It has an obvious double-peaked shape in the energy band below 15 keV –with the second pulse peak decreasing as energy increases– and is gradually dominated by a single peak in higher energy bands. We find that the pulse profile in the energy band of 3–5 keV at high-intensity states shows a subtle triple-peaked shape, with the main peak divided into two subpeaks. We also find a positive correlation between the pulse fraction and both energy and flux. Our spectral analysis reveals that the spectra can be well described by the continuum of Fermi-Dirac cutoff and NPEX models, and the cyclotron line is detected with the centroid energies varying from 26 keV to 29 keV, along with the iron emission line around 6.4 keV. We investigated the dependence between the cyclotron resonant scattering feature (CRSF) centroid energy and luminosity and discuss the theoretical critical luminosity. Although the variation of Ecyc − LX is not distinct, there is a possibility that the critical luminosity lies within the range of ∼(0.5 − 4)×1037 erg s−1 in the band of 4–78 keV. The photon index shows a strong positive correlation with luminosity. Our orbital-phase analysis reveals that the spectral parameters show orbital variability, and the highly variable photoelectric absorption may indicate the existence of clumpy stellar winds.
Secular structure of 1:2 and 1:3 mean motion resonances with Neptune
Authors: Li Hailiang , Zhou Li-Yong
Published: May 2024

The 1:N mean motion resonances (MMRs) with Neptune are of particular interest in astronomy research because they have two asymmetric resonance islands, where the distribution of trapped objects may bear important clues to resolving the history of the Solar System. To explore the dynamics of these resonances and to investigate whether the imprints left by the early stage evolution can be preserved in the resonances, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the 1:2 and 1:3 resonances. By mainly adopting the frequency analysis method, we calculated the proper frequencies of the motion of objects in the resonances and determined the secular mechanisms that influence the dynamics. Using the spectral number (SN) as an indicator of orbital regularity, we constructed dynamical maps on representative planes. After comparing the structures in the maps with the locations of the secular mechanisms, we find that the von-Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai mechanism and the 𝑔 = 2s mechanism destabilize the influenced orbits and thus sculpt the overall structure of the 1:2 and 1:3 resonances. The secular resonance of 2𝑔 − s = s8 opens a channel for objects to switch between the leading and trailing resonance islands, which can alter the population ratio between these two islands. The secondary resonances associated with the quasi 2:1 resonance between Uranus and Neptune were also detected, likely introducing more chaos to the motion. The fine dynamical structures of the 1:2 and 1:3 resonances revealed in this paper, combined with knowledge of resonant capture, provide a compelling explanation for the eccentricity distribution of observed Twotinos. Furthermore, we anticipate a more complete understanding of the history of planetary migration in the Solar System can be achieved by comparing the results in this paper with the populations in the 1:N resonances, with forthcoming observations offering more objects for study in the future.
Resonant chains in triple-planet systems
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Zhou Li-Yong , Beaugé Cristian
Published: May 2024

Context. The mean motion resonance is the most important mechanism that may dominate the dynamics of a planetary system. In a multi-planetary system consisting of N ≥ 3 planets, the planets may form a resonant chain when the ratios of orbital periods of planets can be expressed as the ratios of small integers T1: T2: ⋯ : TN = k1: k2: ⋯ : kN. Due to the high degree of freedom, the motion in such systems could be complex and difficult to depict.

Aims. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics and possible formation of the resonant chain in a triple-planet system.

Methods. We defined the appropriate Hamiltonian for a three-planet resonant chain and numerically averaged it over the synodic period. The stable stationary solutions – apsidal corotational resonances (ACRs) – of this averaged system, corresponding to the local extrema of the Hamiltonian function, can be searched out numerically. The topology of the Hamiltonian around these ACRs reveals their stabilities. We further constructed the dynamical maps on different representative planes to study the dynamics around the stable ACRs, and we calculated the deviation (χ2) of the resonant angle in the evolution from the uniformly distributed values, by which we distinguished the behaviour of critical angles. Finally, the formation of the resonant chain via convergent planetary migration was simulated and the stable configurations associated with ACRs were verified.

Results. We find that the stable ACR families arising from circular orbits always exist for any resonant chain, and they may extend to a high eccentricity region. Around these ACR solutions, regular motion can be found, typically in two types of resonant configurations. One is characterised by libration of both the two-body resonant angles and the three-body Laplace resonant angle, and the other by libration of only two-body resonant angles. The three-body Laplace resonance does not seem to contribute to the stability of the resonant chain much. The resonant chain can be formed via convergent migration, and the resonant configuration evolves along the ACR families to eccentric orbits once the planets are captured into the chain. Ideally, our methods introduced in this paper can be applied to any resonant chain of any number of planets at any eccentricity.
Solar multiobject multiframe blind deconvolution with a spatially variant convolution neural emulator
Authors: Asensio Ramos A.
Published: May 2024

Context.The study of astronomical phenomena through ground-based observations is always challenged by the distorting effects of Earth’s atmosphere. Traditional methods of post facto image correction, essential for correcting these distortions, often rely on simplifying assumptions that limit their effectiveness, particularly in the presence of spatially variant atmospheric turbulence. Such cases are often solved by partitioning the field of view into small patches, deconvolving each patch independently, and merging all patches together. This approach is often inefficient and can produce artifacts.

Aims.Recent advancements in computational techniques and the advent of deep learning offer new pathways to address these limitations. This paper introduces a novel framework leveraging a deep neural network to emulate spatially variant convolutions, offering a breakthrough in the efficiency and accuracy of astronomical image deconvolution.

Methods.By training on a dataset of images convolved with spatially invariant point spread functions and validating its generalizability to spatially variant conditions, this approach presents a significant advancement over traditional methods. The convolution emulator is used as a forward model in a multiobject multiframe blind deconvolution algorithm for solar images.

Results.The emulator enables the deconvolution of solar observations across large fields of view without resorting to patch-wise mosaicking, thus avoiding the artifacts associated with such techniques. This method represents a significant computational advantage, reducing processing times by orders of magnitude.
Current and secular accretion rates of EX Hydrae
Authors: Beuermann K. , Reinsch K.
Published: May 2024

We report an observed accretion rate of Ṁ1 = (3.86 ± 0.60) × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1 for the white dwarf in the short-period, intermediate polar EX Hya. This result is based upon the accretion-induced 4π-averaged energy flux from 2.45 μm to 100 keV and the corresponding luminosity at the Gaia distance of 56.77 pc. Our result is in perfect agreement with the theoretical mass transfer rate from the secondary star induced by gravitational radiation (GR) and the spin-up of the white dwarf, − Ṁ2 = (3.90 ± 0.35) × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1; 24% of it is caused by the spin-up. The agreement indicates that mass transfer is conservative. The measured Ṁ1 obviates the need for angular momentum loss (AML) by any process other than GR. We complemented this result with an estimate of the mean secular mass transfer rate over ∼107 yr by interpreting the non-equilibrium radius of the secondary star in EX Hya based on published evolutionary calculations. This suggests a time-averaged mass transfer rate enhanced over GR by a factor fGR ≳ 2. Combined with the present-day lack of such an excess, we suggest that an enhanced secular AML is due to an intermittently active process, such as the proposed frictional motion of the binary in the remnants of nova outbursts. We argue that EX Hya, despite its weakly magnetic nature, has evolved in a very similar way to non-magnetic CVs. We speculate that the discontinuous nature of an enhanced secular AML may similarly apply to the latter.
Osteoporose – Implikation der neuen Leitlinie in die Praxis
Authors: Siggelkow Heide , Thomasius Friederike
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Praxisrelevante Änderungen der Leitlinie 2023 Änderung der Indikation zur Durchführung einer Knochendichtemessung, das Zeitintervall, über das das Frakturrisiko bestimmt wird, die Höhe und Anzahl an Therapieschwellen sowie die Empfehlungen zum therapeutischen Vorgehen, die an das individuell vorliegende Frakturrisiko angepasst sind.

Risikofaktoren und imminentes Frakturrisiko Der Erfassung des Sturzrisikos wird deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und je nach Ergebnis mit Empfehlungen zum Muskeltraining und der Proteinaufnahme ab dem Alter von 65 Jahren kombiniert. Risikoindikatoren sind bei der Indikationsstellung für eine Osteoporosediagnostik zusätzlich zu berücksichtigen wie auch die Risikofaktoren des imminenten Frakturrisikos.

Osteoporosediagnostik Die Indikation zur Basisdiagnostik hat sich vom >20%-igen 10-Jahres-Frakturrisiko zu einer Diagnostik bei Frauen nach Eintritt der Menopause und bei Männern ab dem Alter von 50 Jahren abhängig vom Frakturrisikofaktorenprofil geändert. Eine spezifische Frakturrisikoschwelle zur Basisdiagnostik entfällt damit. Neue Schwellenwerte als Indikation für die Einleitung einer Therapie ist die Bestimmung des Frakturrisikos mittels Risikorechner über 3 Jahre anstelle von 10 Jahren. Die Indikationsstellung zur medikamentösen Therapie sollte anhand der Schwellenwerte des DVO-Risikomodells erfolgen.

Neue Empfehlungen zur osteoanabolen Therapie Die Aufteilung in Risikogruppen ermöglicht die Identifizierung von Betroffenen mit sehr hohem Frakturrisiko. Die anabole Therapie ist in erster Sequenz in Fällen eines sehr stark erhöhten Frakturrisikos ab 10%/3 Jahre mit osteoanabol-wirksamen Substanzen (Teriparatid oder Romosozumab) empfohlen. Eine solche Therapiesequenz soll direkt eingeleitet werden und nicht wegen anstehender zahnärztlicher Eingriffe verzögert werden. Die Anschlusstherapie zur Konsolidierung der Frakturrisikosenkung ist individuell zu wählen.
Kortikosteroide in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Sensen Barbara , Nierhaus Axel , Kluge Stefan
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Kortikoidtherapie bei Sepsis und septischem Schock Bei septischem Schock mit anhaltendem Bedarf an Vasopressoren wird Hydrocortison in einer Gesamtdosis von 200mg/Tag empfohlen. Bei Sepsis ohne Schock ergibt sich kein Vorteil. Neuere Studien zeigen Vorteile bei einer Kombination von Hydrocortison mit Fludrocortison; klare Leitlinien-Empfehlungen dazu stehen aber noch aus.

Kortikoidtherapie bei schwerer ambulant erworbener Pneumonie Nach den Ergebnissen einer großen, randomisierten und multizentrischen Studie zur Gabe von Hydrocortison (200mg/Tag) bei schwerer ambulant erworbener Pneumonie reduziert die Gabe die Sterblichkeit signifikant. Aus diesen Gründen wird eine frühzeitige Kortikosteroid-Therapie analog zum Studienprotokoll mittlerweile empfohlen. Bei influenzaassoziierter ambulant erworbener Pneumonie sollte keine Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden durchgeführt werden, da Studien eine höhere Komplikationsrate zeigten. Demgegenüber konnte bei COVID-19 durch den Einsatz von Dexamethason (6mg) eine signifikant geringere 28-Tage-Sterblichkeit beobachtet werden.

Kortikoidtherapie bei akutem Lungenversagen Nach Dekaden kontroverser Diskussionen empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien mittlerweile auch beim ARDS den Einsatz von Kortikosteroiden nach strenger Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse. Diese Empfehlungen basieren überwiegend auf Studien, die frühzeitig mit der Steroidtherapie begonnen haben. Viele Fragen, wie nach der Art des Kortikosteroids, dem Zeitpunkt und der Dauer der Therapie, sowie die Dosierung bleiben allerdings nach wie vor offen.
Die neue Leitlinie für gastrointestinale Infektionen
Authors: Manthey Carolin F. , Lohse Ansgar W.
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik Bei Auftreten einer gastrointestinalen Durchfallerkrankung soll eine Diagnostik gezielt und nur in bestimmten Fällen durchgeführt werden; ein wichtiges Ziel ist die Vermeidung der Überdiagnostik durch Identifizierung bedrohlicher Fälle, in denen eine rasche und zielgerichtete Diagnostik erfolgen soll. Eine PCR-Diagnostik in Form von sogenannten „Gastroenteritis-Panels“ sollte nur bei speziellen Fragestellungen genutzt werden.

Therapie der infektiösen Gastroenteritis Der Hauptpfeiler der Therapie bei gastrointestinalen Infektionen bleibt die orale Flüssigkeitssubstitution, auch im stationären Bereich. In Ausnahmefällen kann eine empirische Antibiose nach Probengewinnung für die mikrobiologische Diagnostik erfolgen; dann sollten in keinem Fall mehr Fluorchinolone eingesetzt werden.

Therapie der CDI Die Empfehlungen zur Clostridioides-difficile-Infektion (CDI) wurden gemäß der aktuellen Datenlage und angelehnt an internationale Leitlinien angepasst, primär soll jetzt Vancomycin oder, insbesondere bei erhöhtem Rezidivrisiko, Fidaxomicin bei einer CDI eingesetzt werden. In der Rezidivtherapie ist Fidaxomicin die Therapie der Wahl, alternativ kann das Vancomycin-Ausschleichschema verwendet werden. Die effektivste Therapie des Rezidivs stellt zwar der fäkale Mikrobiota-Transfer (FMT) dar, dieser ist allerdings in Deutschland nicht standardisiert verfügbar und sollte nur in Zentren durchgeführt werden.

Therapie der Reisediarrhö Bei fieberhafter Diarrhö und/oder blutiger Diarrhö sollte eine sofortige Malariadiagnostik erfolgen, da die fieberhafte Diarrhö das einzige Symptom einer Malaria sein kann. Generell sollte primär eine ausreichende Flüssigkeitszufuhr erfolgen. Bei Patienten mit fieberhafter Diarrhö und/oder Blutabgängen empfiehlt sich die Gabe von 1-malig Azithromycin 1000mg.
Transiente globale Amnesie – gutartiger „Blackout“ im Gedächtnis
Authors: Erbguth Frank Joachim
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie, Risikofaktoren und Auslöser Neue epidemiologische Daten gehen von einer deutlich höheren jährlichen Inzidenz aus als sie bisher vermutet wurde, nämlich von ca. 15 Fällen pro 100000 Personen. Bei mind. 10% der Betroffenen kommt es zu 1–3 Rezidiven.

Anatomie der Funktionsstörungen Die punkförmigen Läsionen im Hippocampus, die sich bei mind. 50% der Betroffenen im MRT finden, sind zu ⅔ unilateral und zu ⅓ bilateral verteilt. Durch eine MRT-Bildgebung mit 7 Tesla lassen sich mit fast 90% mehr Läsionen entdecken als mit 1,5 oder 3 Tesla-Geräten (ca. 50%). Jenseits der punktförmigen Hippocampus-Läsionen sind auch darüberhinausgehende gedächtnisrelevante Netzwerkstörungen, einschließlich des Ruhezustands-Netzwerks (Default Network) für die Symptome der TGA verantwortlich.

Hypothesen zur Verursachung Die früher diskutierte arteriell-ischämische Genese der Störungen im Hippocampus ist sehr unwahrscheinlich. Unterschiedliche Pathomechanismen wie eine venöse Kongestion und migräneartige Depolarisationen spielten wahrscheinlich eine Rolle in der Genese.

Diagnose und Management Über die Diagnose der typischen klinischen Präsentation hinaus gelten weitere Auffälligkeiten wie bspw. quantitative Bewusstseinsstörungen, starke Kopfschmerzen oder Erbrechen als „Red Flags“ und erfordern eine umfassende neurologische Abklärung, um eine andere neurologische Verursachung auszuschließen.
Aktuelle Standards in der Behandlung des Hodgkin Lymphoms
Authors: Hellmuth Johannes C.
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Staging und Risikoklassifikation Standard für das Staging ist eine PET/CT mit Kontrastmittel-verstärktem CT von Hals, Thorax und Abdomen/Becken. Sie kann neben einer genaueren Beurteilung des nodalen und extranodalen Befalls einen Knochenmarksbefall mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität nachweisen. Daher sollte eine Knochenmarkspunktion nur noch bei unklaren PET/CT-Befunden erfolgen.

Therapie Die HD21-Studie hat gezeigt, dass BrECADD weniger toxisch ist als der herkömmliche Standard, eBEACOPP. Außerdem ist BrECADD die bis dato effektivste Therapie des Hodgkin Lymphoms im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Somit gilt BrECADD als neuer Standard für das fortgeschrittene Stadium. Die Zulassung für Brentuximab-Vedotin in dieser Kombination steht jedoch noch aus.

Therapie älterer Patienten Die Therapie älterer Patienten mit Hodgkin-Lymphom ist aufgrund der oftmals vorhandenen Komorbiditäten anspruchsvoll. BV-AVD ist als neue Therapieoption für das fortgeschrittene Stadium auch für ältere Patienten zugelassen. Aufgrund des Toxizitätsprofils sollte BV-AVD jedoch mit besonderer Vorsicht und nur bei ausgewählten Patienten eingesetzt werden.

Das NLPHL im Umbruch Die neue Bezeichnung des nodulär Lymphozyten-prädominanten Hodgkin-Lymphoms (NLPHL) als nodulär Lymphozyten-prädominantes B-Zell-Lymphom (NLPBL) hebt die biologischen und klinischen Besonderheiten dieser seltenen Entität hervor. Die Therapieempfehlung des NLPHL/NLPBL orientiert sich weiterhin am klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphom. Insbesondere in der Rezidivsituation sollte die Therapie jedoch abhängig vom Risikoprofil individuell festgelegt werden.

Therapie im Rezidiv Als Standardtherapie im ersten Rezidiv gilt weiterhin die Salvage-Chemotherapie mit Hochdosis-Chemotherapie und autologer Stammzell-Transplantation. Bei Patienten mit ungünstigem Risikoprofil kommen zunehmend Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in Kombination mit Chemotherapie (z.B. Pembro-GVD) als Salvage vor der Hochdosis zum Einsatz. Hierbei handelt es sich jedoch um einen Off-label-Einsatz.

Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in der Erstlinie Checkpoint-Inhibitoren haben das Potenzial, die Therapie des Hodgkin-Lymphoms noch effektiver zu machen – bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Toxizität. Die Inkorporation der Checkpoint-Inhibition in der Erstlinie hat erste, sehr vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Die endgültige Bewertung und entsprechende Zulassungen stehen jedoch noch aus.
Mit einem guten Gefühl nach Hause gehen
Authors: Köckritz Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Zielgerichtet auf die Entlassung vorbereitet zu sein, ist für viele Betroffene ein entscheidender Faktor, um gut in den Alltag zu starten. Die Arbeit mit Stolperstein-Karten innerhalb einer Brückengruppe bietet hierfür einen strukturierten Rahmen.