bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate modelling to estimate carcase characteristics and commercial cuts of Boer goats
Authors: Batista da Costa Macena Elizabete Cristina , Costa Roberto Germano , de Sousa Wandrick Hauss , Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Arandas Janaina Kelli Gomes , Ribeiro Maria Norma
Published: May 2022

The objective was to establish a multivariate model using two complementary multivariate statistical techniques, factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression to predict carcase characteristics, carcase cuts, internal fat, viscera and loin eye area from body measurements of goats Boer mestizos. Thirty-two goats were used, with initial average weights of 3.3 ± 0.61 kg and final average weights of 16 ± 2.5 kg. Before slaughter and after 16 h of fasting, body weight was measured along with the biometric measurements (BMs) of each animal: body length, withers height, croup height, chest width, croup width, croup perimeter, thoracic perimeter, leg length and thigh circumference. The half carcases were sectioned in six anatomical regions that made up the commercial cuts: neck, palette, rib, handsaw, loin and ham. BMs showed a high correlation with a few exceptions; most of the correlations are above 50%. What also happens with the Carcass weight and cuts were also correlated above 50% with BMs. The data presented an index for the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test of 0.80, demonstrating the adequacy of the factor analysis. Through factor analysis, it was possible to observe that the first two factors extracted accumulated 75.47% of the total variance of the studied characteristics. Moderate to high and positive correlations of morphological characteristics with body weight, carcase characteristics and primary carcase cuts suggested the adequacy of morphological characteristics as criteria for early selection of crossbred Boer goats for their body weight and carcase characteristics without slaughter.
Quantitative monitoring of experimental and human leishmaniasis employing amastigote-specific genes
Authors: Roy Madhurima , Sarkar Deblina , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: May 2022

The gold standard for diagnosis of leishmaniasis is the microscopic detection of amastigotes/Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies, but its moderate sensitivity necessitates the development of molecular approaches. This study aimed to quantify in experimental animal models and human leishmaniasis the expression of amastigote-specific virulence genes, A2 and amastin by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Total RNA was isolated from L. donovani-infected hamsters or murine peritoneal macrophages and lesional biopsies from patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Following cDNA conversion, EvaGreen-based ddPCR was performed using specific primers for A2 or amastin and parasite load expressed in copies per μL. Assay was optimized and the specificity of amastigote-specific A2 and amastin was confirmed. In hepatic and splenic tissues of L. donovani-infected hamsters and peritoneal macrophages, ddPCR demonstrated a greater abundance of A2 than amastin. Treatment of L. donovani-infected peritoneal macrophages with conventional anti-leishmanials, miltefosine and amphotericin B translated into a dose-dependent reduction in copies per μL of A2 and amastin, and the extrapolated IC50 was comparable with results obtained by counting LD bodies in Giemsa-stained macrophages. Similarly, in dermal biopsies of patients with PKDL, A2 and amastin were detected. Overall, monitoring of A2 by ddPCR can be an objective measure of parasite burden and potentially adaptable into a high throughput approach necessary for drug development and monitoring disease progression when the causative species is L. donovani.
Evaluating the role of maladaptive personality traits in schema therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for depression
Authors: Rek Katharina , Kappelmann Nils , Zimmermann Johannes , Rein Martin , Egli Samy , Kopf-Beck Johannes
Published: May 2022

Background

Advancements in the treatment of depression are pivotal due to high levels of non-response and relapse. This study evaluated the role of personality pathology in the treatment of depression by testing whether maladaptive personality traits (1) predict changes in depression over treatment or vice versa, (2) change themselves over treatment, (3) change differentially depending on treatment with schema therapy (ST) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and (4) moderate the effectiveness of these treatments.

Methods

We included 193 depressed inpatients (53.4% women, Mage = 42.9, SD = 13.4) participating in an assessor-blind randomized clinical trial and receiving a 7-week course of ST or CBT. The research questions were addressed using multiple indicator latent change score models as well as multigroup structural equation models implemented in EffectLiteR.

Results

Maladaptive traits did not predict changes in depressive symptoms at post-treatment, or vice versa. However, maladaptive trait domains decreased over treatment (standardized Δμ range: −0.38 to −0.89), irrespective of treatment with ST or CBT. Maladaptive traits at baseline did not moderate the effectiveness of these treatments.

Conclusions

Self-reported maladaptive personality traits can change during treatment of depression, but may have limited prognostic or prescriptive value, at least in the context of ST or CBT. These results need to be replicated using follow-up data, larger and more diverse samples, and informant-rated measures of personality pathology.
Rainfall anomalies and typhoid fever in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Gauld Jillian S. , Bilima Sithembile , Diggle Peter J. , Feasey Nicholas A. , Read Jonathan M.
Published: May 2022

Typhoid fever is a major cause of illness and mortality in low- and middle-income settings. We investigated the association of typhoid fever and rainfall in Blantyre, Malawi, where multi-drug-resistant typhoid has been transmitting since 2011. Peak rainfall preceded the peak in typhoid fever by approximately 15 weeks [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.3, 17.7], indicating no direct biological link. A quasi-Poisson generalised linear modelling framework was used to explore the relationship between rainfall and typhoid incidence at biologically plausible lags of 1–4 weeks. We found a protective effect of rainfall anomalies on typhoid fever, at a two-week lag (P = 0.006), where a 10 mm lower-than-expected rainfall anomaly was associated with up to a 16% reduction in cases (95% CI 7.6, 26.5). Extreme flooding events may cleanse the environment of S. Typhi, while unusually low rainfall may reduce exposure from sewage overflow. These results add to evidence that rainfall anomalies may play a role in the transmission of enteric pathogens, and can help direct future water and sanitation intervention strategies for the control of typhoid fever.
Brain activation alterations with adjunctive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an fMRI study
Authors: Reddy Sachin , Shreekantiah Umesh , Goyal Nishant , Roy Chandramouli
Published: May 2022

Background

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence higher than that of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Inadequate response to available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions is common in OCD. Adjunctive brain stimulation methods to address the inadequate treatment response in OCD have found a special interest in research. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of adjunctive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in ameliorating the symptoms of OCD and the effect of dTMS on activation of brain regions while performing the Stroop task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

A total of 41 patients were assessed for the study out of which 15 OCD patients received 10 sessions of high-frequency dTMS using the H7 coil to target the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex over a period of 2 weeks. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used for the pre- and post-stimulation clinical assessment. fMRI was used to measure the activation of brain regions while performing the Stroop task.

Results

There was a significant improvement in the obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptoms after the 2 weeks of the dTMS treatment. A significant decrease in the activation of left caudate nucleus and adjacent white matter was noted while performing the Stroop task after the dTMS treatment.

Conclusion

The study provides preliminary evidence for functional correlates of effectiveness of dTMS as an adjunctive treatment modality for OCD.
Using choice modelling to identify popular and affordable alternative interventions for schistosomiasis in Uganda
Authors: Meginnis Keila , Hanley Nick , Mujumbusi Lazaaro , Pickering Lucy , Lamberton Poppy H. L.
Published: May 2022

Schistosomiasis is caused by a vector-borne parasite, commonly found in low- and middle-income countries. People become infected by direct contact with contaminated water through activities such as collecting water, bathing and fishing. Water becomes contaminated when human waste is not adequately contained. We administered a discrete choice experiment to understand community preferences for interventions that would reduce individuals' risk of contracting, or transmitting, Schistosoma mansoni. These focused on water access, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions. We compared interventions that target behaviours that mainly put oneself at higher risk versus behaviours that mainly put others at risk. We used two payment vehicles to quantify what individuals are willing to give up in time and/or labour for interventions to be implemented. Key findings indicate that new sources of potable water and fines on open defecation are the highest valued interventions.
The importance of biodiversity risks: Link to zoonotic diseases
Authors: Bedenham G. , Kirk A. , Luhano U. , Shields A.
Published: May 2022

This paper follows on from the initial position paper on “The Importance of Biodiversity Risks”, prepared by the Biodiversity and Natural Capital Working party, a volunteer group working under the Sustainability Board. This paper explores the link between zoonotic disease and biodiversity loss and aims to raise awareness and discussion within the actuarial community on why this should be an important consideration in risk management. This paper focuses on how zoonotic diseases emerge, how they are linked to biodiversity loss, the potential impacts in the future and progress within the financial sector. This paper forms part of a collection of papers prepared by volunteers under the Sustainability Board that focus on different elements of biodiversity risk considerations.
Natural capital: an actuarial perspective
Authors: Ahern M. , Craddock-Taylor R. , Darsley A. , Elsum T. , Martin A.
Published: May 2022

This paper introduces the concept of Natural Capital and explores the implications for actuarial work by way of case studies. It is part of a wider series of IFoA papers focussing on the risks from global biodiversity loss and how these risks can be mitigated.
A Few Thoughts about the Concepts of International Administrative Tribunals and International Administrative Law
Authors: AGO Shin-ichi
Published: May 2022

This note tries to determine the most appropriate way to position international administrative tribunals (established by a number of inter-governmental organizations) in the public international legal order, and identify the substance of the so-called international administrative law applied therein. There is an emerging group of laws arising from numerous international administrative tribunal decisions that form a substantive body of legal rules applicable therein: a law of international civil service. Judges in those tribunals, who look for an appropriate source whenever they face a non-liquet situation, use the concept of international administrative law to overcome such difficulties. Judges should not hide themselves behind an ambiguous notion of international administrative law or general principles, but apply the law of international civil service with confidence.
Granule Ripples in the Kumtagh Desert, China: Morphological and Sedimentary Characteristics, and Development Processes
Authors: Han Qingjie , Qu Jianjun , Zu Ruiping , Zhang Kecun , Liu Benli , Xie Shengbo , Niu Qinghe , Tan Lihai
Published: May 2022

Granule ripples are widespread on Earth and are a fundamental component of dryland sedimentary systems, but the relationship between their wavelength and surface particle size is unclear; in addition, their sedimentary bedding and granule ripple development are incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between granule ripple development, morphology, and the surface grain‐size distribution. We measured the morphology and particle‐size distribution of granule ripples in China's Kumtagh Desert, and found an exponential relationship between ripple wavelength and average crest particle size, which contradicts previous results. We hypothesize the ripples resulted from creep of coarse particles caused by saltation impacts, accompanied by decreasing bed elevation, leading to crest migration and increased crest height. The size composition and wind regime determined the movement mode of particles, which controlled ripple development and size, but dry–wet and freeze–thaw cycles also contributed. We established a new conceptual model for the development of large granule ripples. Sand ripples and small granule ripples develop similarly, but large ripples did not form from merger of smaller ripples. We report for the first time that particles between 2.3 and 4.7 mm in diameter were missing in the ripple crests (confirmed in wind tunnel experiments). This gap affects the particle movement mode. Since the threshold wind speed for particle saltation at 4.7 mm approaches the regional maximum wind speed, quantifying the missing particles may permit prediction of regional maximum wind speeds, and has practical significance for identifying wind conditions elsewhere, including the surface of Mars.
Deep Learning for Subgrid‐Scale Turbulence Modeling in Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Cheng Yu , Giometto Marco G. , Kauffmann Pit , Lin Ling , Cao Chen , Zupnick Cody , Li Harold , Li Qi , Huang Yu , Abernathey Ryan , Gentine Pierre
Published: May 2022

In large‐eddy simulations, subgrid‐scale (SGS) processes are parameterized as a function of filtered grid‐scale variables. First‐order, algebraic SGS models are based on the eddy‐viscosity assumption, which does not always hold for turbulence. Here we apply supervised deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn SGS stresses from a set of neighboring coarse‐grained velocity from direct numerical simulations of the convective boundary layer at friction Reynolds numbers Reτ up to 1243 without invoking the eddy‐viscosity assumption. The DNN model was found to produce higher correlation between SGS stresses compared to the Smagorinsky model and the Smagorinsky‐Bardina mixed model in the surface and mixed layers and can be applied to different grid resolutions and various stability conditions ranging from near neutral to very unstable. The DNN model can capture key statistics of turbulence in a posteriori (online) tests when applied to large‐eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer.
Constrained Emergence of Air Temperature Change Signal in Northern‐Central India From Background Variations
Authors: Zhang Kaiwen , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Renhe , Xiao Dong , Qiao Liang
Published: May 2022

The signal of temperature change has emerged from background variations in most tropical regions in boreal summer over decadal‐centennial timescales but not in northern‐central India (NCI). In this study, we investigated the reason for the limited temperature change in NCI. We found that internal variability, largely caused by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) on a ∼20‐year timescale, has the potential to mask the temperature change signal. Besides, local response to external forcing, linked to non‐greenhouse gas (GHG) forcings, strongly overrides GHG warming in NCI, which results in little trend in the temporal evolution of external variability. The internal variability related to IPO and the limited warming arising from the competition between multiple forcings result in the smallest signal‐to‐noise ratio and thus, the temperature change signal fails to emerge from the background variations.
Robust Expansion of Extreme Midlatitude Storms Under Global Warming
Authors: Dai Panxi , Nie Ji
Published: May 2022

Extreme extratropical storms are among the most impact‐relevant weather events in the midlatitudes. Under global warming, extreme storms are expected to intensify; however, little is known about the response of their spatial structure. Here, we show that with warming, extreme storms not only become stronger, but also grow larger. By employing multi‐model projections from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and an idealized aquaplanet simulation, we demonstrate that global warming leads to a robust increase in extreme storm size that is relatively spatially uniform in the midlatitudes and consistent among the models. The physical mechanism for the size increase is the increase in the Rossby deformation radius due to the increase in low‐level dry static stability with warming. The storm expansion adds a substantial contribution (2.6%/K), along with the increase in precipitation intensity (3.2%/K), to the increase in storm total precipitation. The results improve our understanding and have significant implications for climate mitigation.
Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic
Authors: Patrono Livia V. , Vrancken Bram , Budt Matthias , Düx Ariane , Lequime Sebastian , Boral Sengül , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Gogarten Jan F. , Hoffmann Luisa , Horst David , Merkel Kevin , Morens David , Prepoint Baptiste , Schlotterbeck Jasmin , Schuenemann Verena J. , Suchard Marc A. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Tenkhoff Luisa , Urban Christian , Widulin Navena , Winter Eduard , Worobey Michael , Schnalke Thomas , Wolff Thorsten , Lemey Philippe , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien
Published: May 2022

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, we analyze both the first 1918 IAV genomes from Europe and the first from samples prior to the autumn peak. 1918 IAV genomic diversity is consistent with a combination of local transmission and long-distance dispersal events. Comparison of genomes before and during the pandemic peak shows variation at two sites in the nucleoprotein gene associated with resistance to host antiviral response, pointing at a possible adaptation of 1918 IAV to humans. Finally, local molecular clock modeling suggests a pure pandemic descent of seasonal H1N1 IAV as an alternative to the hypothesis of origination through an intrasubtype reassortment.
Reversible morphology-resolved chemotactic actuation and motion of Janus emulsion droplets
Authors: Frank Bradley D. , Djalali Saveh , Baryzewska Agata W. , Giusto Paolo , Seeberger Peter H. , Zeininger Lukas
Published: May 2022

We report, for the first time, a chemotactic motion of emulsion droplets that can be controllably and reversibly altered. Our approach is based on using biphasic Janus emulsion droplets, where each phase responds differently to chemically induced interfacial tension gradients. By permanently breaking the symmetry of the droplets’ geometry and composition, externally evoked gradients in surfactant concentration or effectiveness induce anisotropic Marangoni-type fluid flows adjacent to each of the two different exposed interfaces. Regulation of the competitive fluid convections then enables a controllable alteration of the speed and the direction of the droplets’ chemotactic motion. Our findings provide insight into how compositional anisotropy can affect the chemotactic behavior of purely liquid-based microswimmers. This has implications for the design of smart and adaptive soft microrobots that can autonomously regulate their response to changes in their chemical environment by chemotactically moving towards or away from a certain target, such as a bacterium.
Ultrahigh strength and shear-assisted separation of sliding nanocontacts studied in situ
Authors: Sato Takaaki , Milne Zachary B. , Nomura Masahiro , Sasaki Naruo , Carpick Robert W. , Fujita Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

The behavior of materials in sliding contact is challenging to determine since the interface is normally hidden from view. Using a custom microfabricated device, we conduct in situ, ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope measurements of crystalline silver nanocontacts under combined tension and shear, permitting simultaneous observation of contact forces and contact width. While silver classically exhibits substantial sliding-induced plastic junction growth, the nanocontacts exhibit only limited plastic deformation despite high applied stresses. This difference arises from the nanocontacts’ high strength, as we find the von Mises stresses at yield points approach the ideal strength of silver. We attribute this to the nanocontacts’ nearly defect-free nature and small size. The contacts also separate unstably, with pull-off forces well below classical predictions for rupture under pure tension. This strongly indicates that shearing reduces nanoscale pull-off forces, predicted theoretically at the continuum level, but not directly observed before.
A prospective trial of treatment de-escalation following neoadjuvant paclitaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Waks Adrienne G. , Desai Neelam V. , Li Tianyu , Poorvu Philip D. , Partridge Ann H. , Sinclair Natalie , Spring Laura M. , Faggen Meredith , Constantine Michael , Metzger Otto , Alberti Jillian , Deane Julia , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Frank Elizabeth , Tolaney Sara M. , Krop Ian E. , Tung Nadine M. , Tayob Nabihah , King Tari A. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Winer Eric P.
Published: May 2022

De-escalating adjuvant therapy following pathologic complete response (pCR) to an abbreviated neoadjuvant regimen in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is the focus of international research efforts. However, the feasibility of this approach and its appeal to patients and providers had not been formally investigated. We aimed to assess adherence to de-escalated adjuvant antibody doublet therapy (trastuzumab and pertuzumab [HP], without chemotherapy) among patients with pCR following neoadjuvant paclitaxel/HP (THP). In this single-arm prospective trial, patients with treatment-naïve stage II-III HER2+ breast cancer received neoadjuvant weekly paclitaxel ×12 and HP every 3 weeks ×4. The primary endpoint was receipt of adjuvant non-HER2-directed cytotoxic chemotherapy. Ninety-eight patients received ≥1 dose of THP on study. Patients had median age of 50 years, 86% had stage II tumors, and 34% were hormone receptor-negative. Five patients had incomplete clinical response following THP and received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide before surgery; they were classified as non-pCR and censored from further analyses. The overall pCR rate was 56.7%. Among patients with pCR, the adherence rate to de-escalated antibody-only therapy (HP) was 98.2% (95% CI 90.3–100.0%), and the primary feasibility endpoint was reached. The majority of patients felt positive or neutral about their adjuvant treatment plans. With brief follow-up (median 19.1 months), there were no breast cancer recurrences. De-escalation of adjuvant chemotherapy among patients who experience pCR in early-stage HER2+ breast cancer is a practicable approach for both patients and physicians. Planned and ongoing prospective trials will determine the long-term efficacy of this approach.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03716180, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03716180.
Fine-scale topographic influence on the spatial distribution of tree species diameter in old-growth beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests, northern Iran
Authors: Fazlollahi Mohammadi Maryam , Tobin Brian , Jalali Seyed GholamAli , Kooch Yahya , Riemann Rachel
Published: May 2022

The Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran is threatened by human use and encroachment and has suffered degradation in some areas. The forest has been declared a World Heritage Site and management in the region is shifting from timber production to conservation. There is considerable interest in developing a greater understanding of these diverse forest communities to inform forest management and multiple use plans to maintain the diversity and resilience of these forests. The Hyrcanian forest is characterized by a complex topography of catenas ranging up mountain slopes. Topographic gradients greatly influence microhabitat conditions which in turn impact tree distribution. To date there has been limited research on the impacts of this diverse topography on the spatial distribution of tree species and tree diameters in Hyrcanian forests. Such information is necessary to better understand the regional traits of tree diameters in these natural mixed temperate forests before forest management occurs. We examined the influence of the area’s catena topography on the spatial pattern of tree species and on species stand structure in terms of tree diameter distribution. To quantify these dynamics, we conducted a complete enumeration inventory of all trees with dbh >12 cm within a 7.947 ha study area that included three C-shaped (concave) and three V-shaped (convex) catenas. Geostatistical variogram analysis and Clark and Evans aggregation index were utilized to study the spatial distribution of tree diameters. Beech, alder, hornbeam, linden and Persian maple exhibited clustered patterns, and sour cherry, ash, and oak exhibited random patterns. Geostatistical analysis clearly revealed the substantial influence of catena topography on the diameter distributions of alder and linden, more subtle influence on the diameter distributions of beech, and a possible influence on Persian maple, providing valuable insight into stand structure over neighborhood-based indices alone. Alder and linden both exhibited strong spatial structure in their diameter distributions (56% and 86%, respectively) where their diameter was strongly correlated with trees within 108 m and 83 m, respectively, sharing more similar diameters to each other than trees beyond that distance. Beech, maple, and hornbeam exhibited very weak if any spatial structure over short distances. These findings can be used to support the alignment of forest management practices in managed Hyrcanian forests with goals of protecting and maintaining biodiversity and sustainable forest ecosystems, and to inform geospatial modeling of species diameter distributions in areas where a complete stem-map is not feasible.
Analysis of thromboembolic events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy: single-center real-world data
Authors: Kim Tae-Hwan , Choi Yong Won , Lee Hyun Woo , Kang Seok Yun , Son Heejun , Choi Jin-Hyuk , Ahn Mi Sun , Sheen Seung-Soo
Published: May 2022

Thromboembolic events (TEEs) are common in cancer patients, with increased risk of TEE by chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. However, TEEs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received adjuvant chemotherapy have rarely been reported. This study retrospectively analyzed real-world data of 275 patients with NSCLC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery from October, 2005 to June, 2020, in a single institution. The incidence of TEEs during or within one year of completion of adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated, and factors related to TEEs were analyzed. TEEs were confirmed in nine patients (3.3%), without fatal event related to TEEs. None of the factors, including Khorana score, was significantly associated with the occurrence of TEEs. All patients with TEEs had pathologic stage IIB or higher and a history of smoking, except for one patient. In conclusion, TEEs occurred in a smaller proportion of patients with NSCLC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in the real world compared with those treated with palliative chemotherapy in previous reports. Furthermore, prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with NSCLC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy may not be needed except for high-risk patients, although those patients should be informed about the possible risk of TEEs.
Metagenomic sequencing characterizes a wide diversity of viruses in field mosquito samples in Nigeria
Authors: Oguzie Judith U. , Nwangwu Udoka C. , Oluniyi Paul E. , Olumade Testimony J. , George Uwem E. , Kazeem Akano , Bankole Bolajoko E. , Brimmo Farida O. , Asadu Chukwuemeka C. , Chukwuekezie Okechukwu C. , Ochu Josephine C. , Makwe Catherine O. , Dogunro Festus A. , Onwude Cosmas O. , Nwachukwu William E. , Ezihe Ebuka K. , Okonkwo Gilkenny K. , Umazi Ndubuisi E. , Maikere Jacob , Agashi Nneka O. , Eloy Emelda I. , Anokwu Stephen O. , Okoronkwo Angela I. , Nwosu Ebuka M. , Etiki Sandra O. , Ngwu Ifeoma M. , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Folarin Onikepe A. , Komolafe Isaac O. O. , Happi Christian T.
Published: May 2022

Mosquito vectors are a tremendous public health threat. One in six diseases worldwide is vector-borne transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. In the last couple of years, there have been active Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks in many settings in Nigeria, and nationwide, entomological surveillance has been a significant effort geared towards understanding these outbreaks. In this study, we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to characterize viruses present in vector samples collected during various outbreaks of Yellow fever (YF) in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020. Mosquito samples were grouped into pools of 1 to 50 mosquitoes, each based on species, sex and location. Twenty-five pools of Aedes spp and one pool of Anopheles spp collected from nine states were sequenced and metagenomic analysis was carried out. We identified a wide diversity of viruses belonging to various families in this sample set. Seven different viruses detected included: Fako virus, Phasi Charoen-like virus, Verdadero virus, Chaq like-virus, Aedes aegypti totivirus, cell fusing agent virus and Tesano Aedes virus. Although there are no reports of these viruses being pathogenic, they are an understudied group in the same families and closely related to known pathogenic arboviruses. Our study highlights the power of next generation sequencing in identifying Insect specific viruses (ISVs), and provide insight into mosquito vectors virome in Nigeria.
Quantitative volumetric computed tomography embolic analysis, the Qanadli score, biomarkers, and clinical prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Wen-Jui , Yang Sheng-Hsiung , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Hung Ta-Chuan , Hung Chung-Lieh , Yun Chun-Ho
Published: May 2022

Detailed descriptions of acute pulmonary emboli (PE) morphology, total embolic volume (TEV), and their effects upon patients’ clinical presentation and prognosis remain largely unexplored. We studied 201 subjects with acute PE to the emergency department of a single medical center from April 2009 to December 2014. Patient hemodynamics, Troponin I and D-dimer levels, echocardiography, and the 30-day, 90-day and long-term mortality were obtained. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of pulmonary structures and 3-dimensional measures of embolic burden were performed. The results showed a linear association between the greater TEV and each of the following 4 variables (increasing incidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), greater RV diameter, and RV/left ventricular (LV) ratio (all p < 0.001)). Among the measures of CT and echocardiography, TEV and RV/LV ratio were significantly associated with impending shock. In backward stepwise logistic regression, TEV, age and respiratory rate remained independent associated with impending shock (OR: 1.58, 1.03, 1.18, respectively and all p < 0.005).Total embolic burden assessed by CT-based quantification serves as a useful index for stressed cardiopulmonary circulation condition and can provide insights into RV dysfunction and the prediction of impending shock.
A three step recipe for designing auxetic materials on demand
Authors: Acuna Daniel , Gutiérrez Francisco , Silva Rodrigo , Palza Humberto , Nunez Alvaro S. , Düring Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Unlike regular elastic materials, when auxetic materials are compressed, they become thinner in the direction perpendicular to the applied force. Despite their outstanding mechanical properties, a systematic design of new and controlled auxetics remains underdeveloped. Here we establish a unified framework to describe bidimensional perfect auxetics with potential use in the design of new materials. Inspired by a natural connection between rotating rigid units and antiferromagnetic spin systems, we unveil the conditions for the emergence of a non-trivial floppy mode responsible for the auxetic behaviour. This model establishes three simple steps to design new auxetics. In particular, we constructed an exotic crystal, a Penrose quasi-crystal and the long-desired isotropic auxetic. The auxeticity of these designs is robust under small structural disturbances, as seen from experiments and numerical simulations. We expect that this work will allow the implementation of auxetic behaviour into advanced materials to enhance their functionalities, with a promising extension into 3D auxetics.
A rationale for non-linear responses to strong electric fields in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Marracino Paolo , Paffi Alessandra , d’Inzeo Guglielmo
Published: May 2022

Many approaches for calculation of the field-dependent electric properties of water solutions rely on the Onsager and Kirkwood theories of polar dielectrics.
Preventive effect of Chinese dwarf cherry [Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.] fermentation juice on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis rats through the regulation of IgA and the intestinal immune barrier
Authors: Ran Beibei , Guo Chang-E. , Zhang Yushi , Han Chao , Cao Tianli , Huang Houyu , Geng Zeyu , Li Weidong
Published: May 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern, refractory disease, and studies have shown that UC is closely associated with the gut microbiota and intestinal immune barrier.
Targeted therapy of atherosclerosis by pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid nanoparticles co-delivering all-trans retinal and rapamycin
Authors: Cheraga Nihad , Ye Zheng , Xu Ming-Jie , Zou Lin , Sun Ning-Cong , Hang Yue , Shan Cong-Jia , Yang Zhong-Zhou , Chen Li-Juan , Huang Ning-Ping
Published: May 2022

A smart nanoplatform based on hyaluronic acid was developed for targeted atherosclerosis combination therapy, which effectively attenuated the progression of the plaque by simultaneously reducing inflammation and oxidative stress at the aortic lesion.
Cell-surface glycosaminoglycans regulate the cellular uptake of charged polystyrene nanoparticles
Authors: Olivieri Paulo H. , Jesus Marcelo B. , Nader Helena B. , Justo Giselle Z. , Sousa Alioscka A.
Published: May 2022

Cell-surface glycosaminoglycans hinder the uptake of anionic polystyrene nanoparticles while promoting the uptake of cationic ones.
Cobalt and iron phosphates with modulated compositions and phases as efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline seawater oxidation
Authors: Das Chandni , Roy Poulomi
Published: May 2022

Cobalt and iron phosphates with controlled metal content, phases and morphology lead to an efficient as well as durable electrocatalyst for alkaline seawater splitting with selective OER over CER.
A MOF-derived hierarchical CoP@ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst for visible light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Boyuan , Liu Ning , Lu Lele , Zhang Ruizhe , Zhang Runhao , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: May 2022

A hierarchical CoP@ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst was prepared via a MOF-templated strategy, which exhibited superior activity owing to the unique morphology.
High-aspect-ratio single-crystalline (HfxZr(1−x))B2 micron-rods: low-temperature, highly-efficient synthesis and oriented growth mechanism
Authors: Liu Delei , Jiao Bing , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Shaowei , Liu Jianghao
Published: May 2022

Rod-like (HfxZr(1−x))B2 single-crystals with good composition uniformities and high aspect ratios of 10.1–17.2 were energy-savingly and highly-efficiently synthesized by a microwave and molten-salt co-assisted boro/carbothermal reduction method.
Full-dimensional potential energy surface for the H + CH3OH reaction. Theoretical kinetics and dynamics study
Authors: Rangel Cipriano , Espinosa-García Joaquín , Corchado José C.
Published: May 2022

The dynamics and kinetics of the abstraction reactions of hydrogen atoms with methanol have been studied using quasi-classical trajectory calculations and variational transition state theory with tunnelling corrections, based on a new analytical potential energy surface (PES).
An optimal acquisition scheme for Q-band EPR distance measurements using Cu2+-based protein labels
Authors: Bogetti Xiaowei , Hasanbasri Zikri , Hunter Hannah R. , Saxena Sunil
Published: May 2022

Herein we establish a cost-efficient acquisition scheme for orientational-independent distance measurements using Cu2+–protein labels, using insights from Monte-Carlo modeling, MD simulations, and DEER EPR measurements.
Designing 3d metal oxides: selecting optimal density functionals for strongly correlated materials
Authors: Østrøm Ina , Hossain Md. Anower , Burr Patrick A. , Hart Judy N. , Hoex Bram
Published: May 2022

First-row TMOs have remarkable properties that are appealing in materials design for technological applications. Their electronic structure can be modelled with DFT, but this requires careful considerations due to strong correlation effects of 3d orbitals.
Screening of transition metal single-atom catalysts supported by a WS2 monolayer for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction: insights from activity trend and descriptor
Authors: Li Renyi , Guo Wei
Published: May 2022

The constructed activity trend and the identified descriptor of the nitrogen reduction reaction provide comprehensive insights for transition metal single-atom catalysts supported by WS2 monolayer.
Luminescence thermometry and field induced slow magnetic relaxation based on a near infrared emissive heterometallic complex
Authors: Karachousos-Spiliotakopoulos Konstantinos , Tangoulis Vassilis , Panagiotou Nikos , Tasiopoulos Anastasios , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Schulze Michael , Botas Alexandre M. P. , Carlos Luis D.
Published: May 2022

Multifunctional compound featuring SMM magnetic properties and temperature-dependent photoluminescent characteristics.
Invariant electrical conductivity upon thermal ageing of a crosslinked copolymer blend for high voltage insulation
Authors: Kumara Sarath , Pourrahimi Amir Masoud , Soroudi Azadeh , Xu Xiangdong , Hammarström Thomas , Serdyuk Yuriy , Müller Christian
Published: May 2022

Click chemistry type reactions between polyethylene-based copolymers are a promising and by-product free alternative to peroxide crosslinking of low-density polyethylene, which is widely used as an insulation material for high-voltage power cables.
Nitro-based and nitro-free tri-cationic azole salts: a unique class of energetic green tri-ionic salts obtained from the reaction with nitrogen-rich bases
Authors: Chinnam Ajay Kumar , Staples Richard J. , Zhao Gang , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: May 2022

Nitrogen-rich heterocycles are essential for designing novel energetic green materials with the combination of high explosive performance and acceptable mechanical sensitivities.
Anisotropy of thermal transport in phosphorene: a comparative first-principles study using different exchange–correlation functionals
Authors: Zhang Fa , Zheng Xiong , Wang Huimin , Ding Liang , Qin Guangzhao
Published: May 2022

Using 12 different exchange–correlation functionals, the phonon transport properties of phosphorene are systematically studied by solving the Boltzmann transport equation.
Electrospun curcumin-loaded polymer nanofibers: solution recipes, process parameters, properties, and biological activities
Authors: Snetkov Petr , Morozkina Svetlana , Olekhnovich Roman , Uspenskaya Mayya
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes the latest data about electrospun curcumin-loaded polymer nanofibers: solution formulations, technological parameters, biological and antibacterial activity.
Unravelling the molecular interaction of diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA) with human serum albumin (HSA)
Authors: Shaikh Shaukat Ali M. , Gawali S. L. , Jain V. K. , Priyadarsini K. I.
Published: May 2022

DSePA, a pharmacologically efficient selenium compound shows strong binding with extracellular carrier protein, Human Serum Albumin.
Amino-functionalized magnetic porous organic polymer for the selective removal of toxic cationic dyes from textile wastewater
Authors: Taheri Nazanin , Dinari Mohammad
Published: May 2022

An amino-functionalized magnetic porous organic polymer (POP) was synthesized through the Friedel–Crafts reaction for selective adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solution.
Phospholipid–porphyrin conjugates: deciphering the driving forces behind their supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Bronstein Louis-Gabriel , Tóth Ágota , Cressey Paul , Rosilio Véronique , Di Meo Florent , Makky Ali
Published: May 2022

Phospholipid–porphyrin conjugates can self-assemble into bilayer structures independently of the linker length between the polar headgroup and the porphyrin core. However, the porphyrin structure controls their inter or intra-leaflet interaction.
Metal-free deoxygenative coupling of alcohol-derived benzoates and pyridines for small molecules and DNA-encoded libraries synthesis
Authors: Kolusu Sai Rohini Narayanan , Nappi Manuel
Published: May 2022

A visible-light-mediated metal-free method for the deoxygenative coupling of alcohol-derived benzoates and pyridines. Given the mild and water-compatible conditions, small molecules and DNA headpieces are functionalized with a wide range of alcohols.
Indirect recognition of pathogen effectors by NLRs
Authors: Ao Kevin , Li Xin
Published: May 2022

To perceive pathogen threats, plants utilize both plasma membrane-localized and intracellular receptors. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins are key receptors that can recognize pathogen-derived intracellularly delivered effectors and activate downstream defense. Exciting recent findings have propelled our understanding of the various recognition and activation mechanisms of plant NLRs. Some NLRs directly bind to effectors, but others can perceive effector-induced changes on targeted host proteins (guardees), or non-functional host protein mimics (decoys). Such guarding strategies are thought to afford the host more durable resistance to quick-evolving and diverse pathogens. Here, we review classic and recent examples of indirect effector recognition by NLRs and discuss strategies for the discovery and study of new NLR-decoy/guardee systems. We also provide a perspective on how executor NLRs and helper NLRs (hNLRs) provide recognition for a wider range of effectors through sensor NLRs and how this can be considered an expanded form of indirect recognition. Furthermore, we summarize recent structural findings on NLR activation and resistosome formation upon indirect recognition. Finally, we discuss existing and potential applications that harness NLR indirect recognition for plant disease resistance and crop resilience.
Properties of IR-selected active galactic nuclei
Authors: Bornancini C. G. , Oio G. A. , Alonso M. V. , García Lambas D.
Published: May 2022

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) of galaxies play an important role in the life and evolution of galaxies through the impact they exert on certain properties and on the evolutionary path of galaxies. It is well known that infrared (IR) emission is useful for selecting galaxies with AGNs, although it has been observed that there is contamination by star-forming galaxies.

Aims. We investigate the properties of galaxies that host AGNs that are identified at mid- (MIR) and near-IR wavelengths. The sample of AGNs selected at IR wavelengths was confirmed using optical spectroscopy and X-ray photometry. We study the near-UV, optical, near-IR and MIR properties, as well as the [O III] λ5007 luminosity, black hole mass, and morphology properties of optical and IR colour-selected AGNs.

Methods. We selected AGN candidates using two MIR colour selection techniques: a power-law emission method, and a combination of MIR and near-IR selection techniques. We confirmed the AGN selection with two line diagnostic diagrams that use the ratio [O III]/Hβ and the emission line width σ[O III] (kinematics–excitation diagram, KEx) and the host galaxy stellar mass (mass–excitation diagram, MEx), as well as X-ray photometry.

Results. According to the diagnostic diagrams, the methods with the greatest success in selecting AGNs are those that use a combination of a mid- and near-IR selection technique and a power-law emission. The method that uses a combination of MIR and near-IR observations selects a large number of AGNs and is reasonably efficient in the success rate (61%) and total number of AGNs recovered. We also find that the KEx method presents contamination of star-forming galaxies within the AGN selection box. According to morphological studies based on the Sérsic index, AGN samples have higher percentages of galaxy morphologies with bulge+disk components than galaxies without AGNs.
Cardiac Surgery 2021 Reviewed
Authors: Doenst Torsten , Schneider Ulrich , Can Tolga , Caldonazo Tulio , Diab Mahmoud , Siemeni Thierry , Färber Gloria , Kirov Hristo
Published: May 2022

PubMed displayed more than 35,000 hits for the search term “cardiac surgery AND 2021.” We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) approach and selected relevant publications for a results-oriented summary. As in recent years, we reviewed the fields of coronary and conventional valve surgery and their overlap with their interventional alternatives. COVID reduced cardiac surgical activity around the world. In the coronary field, the FAME 3 trial dominated publications by practically repeating SYNTAX, but with modern stents and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). PCI was again unable to achieve non-inferiority compared with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with triple-vessel disease. Survival advantages of CABG over PCI could be linked to a reduction in myocardial infarctions and current terminology was criticized because the term “myocardial revascularization” is not precise and does not reflect the infarct-preventing collateralization effect of CABG. In structural heart disease, new guidelines were published, providing upgrades of interventional treatments of both aortic and mitral valve disease. While for aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) received a primary recommendation in older and high-risk patients; recommendations for transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge treatment were upgraded for patients considered inappropriate for surgery. For heart team discussions it is important to know that classic aortic valve replacement currently provides strong signals (from registry and randomized evidence) for a survival advantage over TAVI after 5 years. This article summarizes publications perceived as important by us. It can neither be complete nor free of individual interpretation, but provides up-to-date information for decision-making and patient information.
Replicated cough confirms efficacy of multilayer mask
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: May 2022

Studying the interaction of a cough-like spray with different masks offers insight into the spread of COVID-19