bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Implicit to Explicit Transitions in Business Protocols
Authors: Elabd Emad , Coquery Emmanuel , Hacid Mohand-Said
Published: August 2013

Modeling Web services is a major step towards their automated analysis. One of the important parameters in this modeling, for the majority of Web services, is the time. A Web service can be presented by its behavior which can be described by a business protocol representing the possible sequences of message exchanges. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, automated analysis of timed Web services (e.g., compatibility and replaceability checking) is very difficult and in some cases it is not possible with the presence of implicit transitions (internal transitions) based on time constraints. The semantics of the implicit transitions is the source of this difficulty because most of well-known modeling tools do not express this semantics (e.g., epsilon transition on the timed automata has a different semantics). This paper presents an approach for converting any protocol containing implicit transitions to an equivalent one without implicit transitions before performing analysis.
Nuovi dati su Gerromorpha e Nepomorpha in Italia (Hemiptera Heteroptera)
Authors: Cianferoni Fabio , Terzani Fabio
Published: August 2013

Vengono riportati nuovi dati geonemici italiani per dieci specie di eterotteri acquatici. Gerromorpha, Veliidae: Velia currens (Fabricius, 1794), V. gridellii (Tamanini, 1947); Gerridae: Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860); Nepomorpha, Ochteridae: Ochterus marginatus (Latreille, 1804); Corixidae: Arctocorisa carinata (C.r. Sahlberg, 1819), Corixa panzeri Fieber, 1848, Hesperocorixa sahlbergi (Fieber, 1848), Parasigara perdubia (Rey, 1894), Sigara italica Jaczewski, 1933; Notonectidae: Anisops sardeus Herrich-Schffer, 1849. Viene segnalata la prima popolazione appenninica di Arctocorisa carinata (C.r. Sahlberg, 1819).
I Lepidotteri Ropaloceri della Montagnola Senese (Siena, Toscana meridionale) (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Favilli Leonardo , Piazzini Sandro , Manganelli Giuseppe
Published: August 2013

Una ricerca ventennale (1991-2011) sulla ropalocerofauna della Montagnola Senese, un Sito d’importanza Comunitaria della Toscana meridionale, ha permesso di accertare la presenza di 97 specie, (15 Hesperiidae, 3 Papilionidae, 13 Pieride, 31 Lycaenidae, 35 Nymphalidae). Le specie più significative sono Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784), Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, 1783), Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784), Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782), Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775), Phengaris arion (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyommatus daphnis (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775), Polyommatus hispanus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1851) e Brenthis hecate (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775), entità di valore conservazionistico o di interesse biogeografico. Particolarmente interessanti risultano C. minimus e P. daphnis poiché in nessun’altro comprensorio della Toscana meridionale risultano così abbondanti come nella Montagnola Senese. Gli habitat di maggior interesse sono le praterie xeriche, le garighe e gli ex coltivi (“insule coltivate”) che ospitano oltre i tre quarti delle specie note per la Montagnola Senese. Anche le leccete, tuttavia, rivestono una certa importanza dal momento che ospitano entità di pregio faunistico e conservazionistico come S. w-album e Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767). La principale minaccia è rappresentata dall’attività estrattiva che determina perdita di habitat. La riduzione o la riprogrammazione delle attività di estrazione insieme alla tutela di praterie, garighe e “insule coltivate” si configurano come azioni fondamentali per garantire la sopravvivenza della ropalocerofauna della Montagnola Senese.
An Emotional Self-Regulation Program for Obese Children: Pilot Study Using Mixed Methods.
Authors: Kim Hee Soon , Ma Yu Mi , Park Ji Young , Kim Seung Hyun
Published: August 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop an emotional self-regulation program for obese children and to examine the program's effectiveness on depression, eating habits, and body mass index.METHODS: The emotional self-regulation program was developed from theory-based strategies and a pre-post pilot study was conducted with 46 children (19: intervention, 27: control).The program included 6 weekly group sessions over 2 months.The embedded experimental model of concurrent mixed methods was used to better understand research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data.Anthropometric measurements and surveys were performed before and after the intervention. Three focus group interviews were conducted with all participants after intervention to explore their experiences.RESULTS: The intervention group displayed decreased depression levels in the quantitative outcomes. The participants also expressed positive outcomes such as improvements in confidence, impulse management, intimacy, happiness, and losing weight.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that emotional self-regulation skills are crucial factors for obese children not only to manage their emotional problems but also to control their weight. Further research is needed with a larger sample size and randomized controlled trials.
Subjectivity of Parents in Refusal of Childhood Vaccination: A Q-methodology Approach.
Authors: Cha Hye Gyeong , Ha Eun Ho
Published: August 2013

PURPOSE: Despite the well-known public health benefits of vaccination, increasing public concern about the safety of childhood vaccinations has led some parents to refuse or hesitate having their children immunized. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjectivity of parents toward refusal of childhood vaccination.METHODS: Q-methodology, in which subjective viewpoints are explored and analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques, was used. Thirty-five participants were asked to rank 42 statements on diverse issues of childhood vaccination according to a continuous 9-point scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. Collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANAL program.RESULTS: The results revealed three discrete groups of parents in the refusal of children's immunization: type I, distrust; type II, concern about side effects, and type III, belief that vaccinations are unnecessary.CONCLUSION: Special nurse counselors who can provide correct information about vaccination based on the three types should be part of the government policy. Customized education programs to shift viewpoints should be also redeveloped according to the results in this study.
The doctrine on God, as demonstrated and confessed in the Heidelberg Catechism
Authors: Coetzee Carel F.C.
Published: August 2013

Although the Heidelberg Catechism (HC) does not deal with a systematic doctrine on God and although there are not many sources available on the specific subject, it is a most important subject when dealing with the theology of the HC (W. van ’t Spijker). Due to the prescribed length of the article, it only focuses on two aspects of the doctrine on God, namely the Trinity and the relationship between God and the cosmos (reality). Futhermore, today there is an emphasis on a new concept of God, known as Panentheism. In this concept, God and his creation are identified with each other. In the South African context, the article deals very shortly with the viewpoints of Spangenberg, Van Aarde and Müller in this regard. The God confessed in the HC is the triune God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. In the closest and most logical coherence with this, the HC confesses the deity of Christ and of the Holy Spirit. The HC also proceeds from the premise of the historical, bodily resurrection of Christ from the dead. As far as the relationship between God and creation is concerned, the HC, in agreement with the church of the first centuries, confesses and teaches a personal God, the Father of Jesus Christ, who for the sake of Christ is the Father of the elect. This God is the almighty creator of heaven and earth. He lives in a covenant relationship with his creation, which he sustains and governs at every moment. He is both transcendent and immanent.Alhoewel die Heidelbergse Kategismus (HK) nie ’n sistematiese Godsleer bevat soos sommige van die ander belydenisskrifte nie en bronne oor die spesifieke onderwerp betreklik skaars is, is dit tog een van die belangrikste onderwerpe wanneer daar oor die teologie van die HK gehandel word (W. van ’t Spijker). Vanweë die voorgeskrewe lengte, word daar in hierdie artikel slegs op twee aspekte van die Godsleer gefokus, naamlik die Drie-eenheid en die verhouding van God tot die kosmos (werklikheid). Hierdie twee aspekte is juis besonder relevant in die lig van standpunte wat die leer van die Drie-eenheid in gedrang bring deur onder andere die Godheid van Christus en sy liggaamlike opstanding te bevraagteken. Verder word daar vandag gepleit vir ’n nuwe Godsbegrip, bekend as Panenteïsme, waardeur die grens tussen God en sy skepping vervaag. In die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word hier kortliks aandag aan die standpunte van van Spangenberg, Van Aarde en Müller gegee. Die God wat in die HK bely word, is die drie-enige God: Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees. In die nouste en logiese samehang hiermee bely die HK die Godheid van Christus en van die Heilige Gees. Wat die verhouding tussen God en die skepping betref, bely en leer die HK, in ooreenstemming met die kerk van die eerste eeue, ’n persoonlike God − die Vader van Jesus Christus wat ter wille van Christus die Vader is van die uitverkorenes. Hierdie God is die almagtige Skepper van hemel en aarde. Hy leef in ’n verbondsverhouding met sy skepping wat Hy elke oomblik onderhou en regeer. Hy is tegelyk transendent en immanent.
Retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: effects of aerosols, surface reflectance anisotropy and vertical profile of nitrogen dioxide
Authors: Lin J.-T. , Martin R. V. , Boersma K. F. , Sneep M. , Stammes P. , Spurr R. , Wang P. , Van Roozendael M. , Clémer K. , Irie H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are subject to errors in the treatments of aerosols, surface reflectance anisotropy, and vertical profile of NO2. Here we quantify the influences over China via an improved retrieval process. We explicitly account for aerosol optical effects (simulated by nested GEOS-Chem at 0.667° lon × 0.5° lat and constrained by aerosol measurements), surface reflectance anisotropy, and high-resolution vertical profiles of NO2 (simulated by GEOS-Chem). Prior to the NO2 retrieval, we derive the cloud information using consistent ancillary assumptions. We compare our retrieval to the widely used DOMINO v2 product, using as reference MAX-DOAS measurements at three urban/suburban sites in East China and focusing the analysis on the 127 OMI pixels (in 30 days) closest to the MAX-DOAS sites. We find that our retrieval reduces the interference of aerosols on the retrieved cloud properties, thus enhancing the number of valid OMI pixels by about 25%. Compared to DOMINO v2, our retrieval improves the correlation with the MAX-DOAS data in the day-to-day variability of NO2 (R2 = 0.96 vs. 0.72). Our retrieved NO2 columns are about 50% of the MAX-DOAS data on average. This reflects the inevitable spatial inconsistency between the two types of measurement, uncertainties in MAX-DOAS data, and residual uncertainties in our OMI retrievals related to aerosols and vertical profile of NO2. Through a series of tests, we find that excluding aerosol scattering/absorption can either increase or decrease the retrieved NO2, with a mean absolute difference by about 20%. Concentrating aerosols at the boundary layer top enhances the retrieved NO2 by 8% on average with a mean absolute difference by 23%. The aerosol perturbations also affect nonlinearly the retrieved cloud fraction and particularly cloud pressure. Employing various surface albedo datasets alters the retrieved NO2 by 0–7% on average. The retrieved NO2 columns increase when the NO2 profiles are taken from MAX-DOAS retrievals (by 20% on average) or TM4 simulations (by 10%) instead of GEOS-Chem simulations. Our findings are also relevant to retrievals of other pollutants (e.g., sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, glyoxal) from UV-vis backscatter satellite instruments.
Investigating vegetation-climate feedbacks during the early Eocene
Authors: Loptson C. A. , Lunt D. J. , Francis J. E.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Evidence suggests that the early Eocene was a time of extreme global warmth, extending to the high latitudes. However, there are discrepancies between the results of many previous modelling studies and the proxy data at high latitudes, with models struggling to simulate the shallow temperature gradients of this time period to the same extent as the proxies indicate. Vegetation-climate feedbacks play an important role in the present day, but are often neglected in paleoclimate modelling studies and this may be a contributing factor to resolving the model-data discrepancy. Here we investigate these vegetation-climate feedbacks by carrying out simulations of the early Eocene climate at 2 × and 4 × pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 with fixed vegetation (homogeneous shrubs everywhere) and dynamic vegetation. The results show that the simulations with dynamic vegetation are warmer in the global annual mean than the simulations with fixed shrubs by 0.9 °C at 2 × and 1.8 °C at 4 ×. In addition, the warming when CO2 is doubled from 2 × to 4 × is 1 °C higher (in the global annual mean) with dynamic vegetation than with fixed shrubs. This corresponds to an increase in climate sensitivity of 26%. This difference in warming is enhanced at high latitudes, with temperatures increasing by over 50% in some regions of Antarctica. In the Arctic, ice-albedo feedbacks are responsible for the majority of this warming. On a global scale, energy balance analysis shows that the enhanced warming with dynamic vegetation is mainly associated with an increase in atmospheric water vapour but changes in clouds also contribute to the temperature increase. It is likely that changes in surface albedo due to changes in vegetation cover resulted in an initial warming which triggered these water vapour feedbacks. In conclusion, dynamic vegetation goes some way to resolving the discrepancy, but our modelled temperatures cannot reach the same warmth as the data suggests in the Arctic. This suggests that there are additional mechanisms, not included in this modelling framework, behind the polar warmth.
What controls deuterium excess in global precipitation?
Authors: Pfahl S. , Sodemann H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The deuterium excess (d) of precipitation is widely used in the reconstruction of past climatic changes from ice cores. However, its most common interpretation as moisture source temperature cannot directly be inferred from present-day water isotope observations. Here, we use a new empirical relation between d and near-surface relative humidity together with reanalysis data to globally predict d of surface evaporation from the ocean. The very good quantitative agreement of the predicted hemispherically averaged seasonal cycle with observed d in precipitation indicates that moisture source relative humidity, and not sea surface temperature, is the main driver of d variability on seasonal time scales. There is no convincing evidence that RH might be less important for long-term palaeoclimatic d changes compared to moisture source temperature variations. Ice core d data may thus have to be reinterpreted, focusing on climatic influences on relative humidity during evaporation, in particular related to atmospheric circulation changes.
Intercomparison of the Charnock and COARE bulk wind stress formulations for coastal ocean modelling
Authors: Brown J. M. , Amoudry L. O. , Mercier F. M. , Souza A. J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The accurate parameterisation of momentum and heat transfer across the air–sea interface is vital for realistic simulation of the atmosphere–ocean system. In most modelling applications accurate representation of the wind stress is required to numerically reproduce surge, coastal ocean circulation, surface waves, turbulence and mixing. Different formulations can be implemented and impact the accuracy of the instantaneous and long-term residual circulation, the surface mixed layer, and the generation of wave-surge conditions. This, in turn, affects predictions of storm impact, sediment pathways, and coastal resilience to climate change. The specific numerical formulation needs careful selection to ensure the accuracy of the simulation. Two wind stress parameterisations widely used in the ocean circulation and the storm surge communities respectively are studied with focus on an application to the NW region of the UK. Model–observation validation is performed at two nearshore and one estuarine ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) stations in Liverpool Bay, a hypertidal region of freshwater influence (ROFI) with vast intertidal areas. The period of study covers both calm and extreme conditions to test the robustness of the 10 m wind stress component of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk formulae and the standard Charnock relation. In this coastal application a realistic barotropic–baroclinic simulation of the circulation and surge elevation is set-up, demonstrating greater accuracy occurs when using the Charnock relation, with a constant Charnock coefficient of 0.0185, for surface wind stress during this one month period.
Southwest-facing slopes control the formation of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Nagai H. , Fujita K. , Nuimura T. , Sakai A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. To understand the formation conditions of debris-covered glaciers, we examined the dimension and shape of debris-covered areas and potential debris-supply (PDS) slopes of 213 glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya. This was undertaken using satellite images with 2.5 m spatial resolution for manual delineation of debris-covered areas and PDS slopes. The most significant correlation exists between surface area of southwest-facing PDS slopes and debris-covered area. This result suggests that the southwest-facing PDS slopes supply the largest quantity of debris mantle. The shape of debris-covered areas is also an important variable, quantitatively defined using a geometric index. Elongate or stripe-like debris-covered areas on north-flowing glaciers are common throughout the Bhutan Himalaya. In contrast, south-flowing glaciers have large ablation zones, entirely covered by debris. Our findings suggest that this difference is caused by effective diurnal freeze–thaw cycles rather than seasonal freeze–thaw cycles, permafrost degradation, or snow avalanches. In terms of geographic setting, local topography also contributes to glacier debris supply and the proportion of debris cover on the studied glaciers is suppressed by the arid Tibetan climate, whereas the north-to-south asymmetric topography of the Bhutan Himalaya has less influence on the proportion of debris cover.
Serological Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Using a Lateral Flow Immunoassay Technique
Authors: Lamptey Joseph Nii Lante , Osei Michael Kwabena , Mochiah Moses Brandford , Osei Kingsley , Berchie Joseph Nketiah , Bolfrey-Arku Grace , Gilbertson Robert
Published: August 2013

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in some major tomato growing areas in Ghana as part of a comprehensive strategy for the management of viral diseases on tomato. The lateral flow immunoassay technique (the immunostrip test of Agdia Inc.) was used to assay for TMV and CMV in samples with symptoms of virus infection collected from some major tomato growing areas in Ghana; Vea, Tono and Pwalugu (Upper East region-UE), Agogo and Akumadan (Ashanti region-AR) and Tanoso and Tuobodom (Brong-Ahafo region-BA) in 2011 and 2012. In the UE, TMV and CMV were both detected at Vea, Tono and Pwalugu. In the AR, CMV and TMV were both detected at Akumadan while only CMV was detected at Agogo. In BA, TMV and CMV were both detected at Tanoso and Tuobodom.  Field incidence of TMV was higher in the UE which had higher average daily temperatures. The serological identification of TMV in the three regions is the first of this virus in Ghana.  This is also the first report of the use of this lateral flow immunoassay technique to detect these viruses in the country. The identification of TMV and CMV in Ghana gives an indication of the need to focus efforts for virus disease management on these virus in addition to the already known begomoviruses like Tomato yellow leaf curl Mali virus (TYLCMV)(Delete), Tomato leaf curl Kumasi virus and Tomato leaf curl Ghana virus.
Impact of the Selection Criteria of Artificially Inseminated Cows on the Probability of Conception and the Occurrence of Embryonic Mortality in Senegal: Modeling Approach
Authors: Mouliom Mouiche Mohamed Moctar , Sow Adama , Kalandi Miguiri , Mpouam Serge Eugene , Ouedraogo Georges Anicet , Sawadogo Germain Jerome
Published: August 2013

The objective of this study was to measure the relative influence of the animal’s age, body condition score (BCS), glycemia at day of insemination (D0) and the livestock management system on the probability of conception and occurrence of embryonic mortalities. In this study, 81 inseminated cows both of the Gobra Zebu breed and crossbred were sampled. Blood samples were collected the day of insemination (D0) and twenty-one (D21) and thirty-five (D35) days after AI. The BCS, the age and the livestock management system were recorded for all animals before the artificial insemination (AI). The glycemia was measured on D0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by progesterone and pregnancy associated glycoprotein assays and transrectal palpation. A multinomial logistic model was used to analyze the effect of the selection criteria for cows on the success rate of AI.

The pregnancy diagnosis makes possible to detect 47% of pregnant cows and 26% of late embryonic mortality (LEM) at D60 post AI. The maximum likelihood test carried out on the model permits to reject the null hypothesis (p < 0.0001) according to which all animals have the same chance of being pregnant (47%). The variables thus provide a significant amount of information to explain the variability in the success rate of AI. The most significant factor was age (p < 0.0001), followed by the BCS, then glycemia and finally the livestock management system (p = 0.047). The BCS is the factor that most explains the variability in pregnant cows. For the group of LEM, age of the animal accounts for variability.
Cellular Fiber‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites with Sensory Properties
Authors: Hufenbach Werner , Gude Maik , Geller Sirko
Published: August 2013

The continuing trend towards efficient lightweight solutions is leading to an increasing use of structural components made of fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRP). In order to further increase the lightweight potential, cellular polymers and associated manufacture methods are gaining in importance. Especially for the widespread application of FRP lightweight components, manufacturing technologies suitable for series production are required. Here, the long fiber injection (LFI) process is predestined for the automated fabrication of cellular lightweight structures. The technology is characterized by the processing of expandable polyurethane systems with long fiber reinforcement. The high process variability with locally adaptable fiber lengths and fiber mass contents as well as the various properties of the expandable polyurethane matrix systems offers a wide range of mechanical properties. These can even be improved by the integration of textile reinforcements, for example in sandwich constructions. Beyond weight reduction, there is an increasing demand for the realization and integration of additional functions such as sensory properties. Fiber‐reinforced polyurethane composites offer a great potential for the production of intelligent lightweight structures. Due to its process‐specific advantages like moderate process parameters, the highly productive LFI process is predestined for embedding functional elements like sensors and associated electronic components. Functional elements as well as complete electronic evaluation systems can gently be integrated into the composite.
Dragline, Egg Stalk and Byssus: A Comparison of Outstanding Protein Fibers and Their Potential for Developing New Materials
Authors: Lintz Eileen S. , Scheibel Thomas R.
Published: August 2013

This feature article discusses three remarkable protein fibers: spider dragline, lacewing egg stalk and mussel byssus. Sequence–structure–function relationships of selected proteins in the fibers are highlighted and the potential of these proteins for use as new materials is summarized.
Engineering Grain Boundaries in Cu2ZnSnSe4 for Better Cell Performance: A First‐Principle Study
Authors: Yin Wan‐Jian , Wu Yelong , Wei Su‐Huai , Noufi Rommel , Al‐Jassim Mowafak M. , Yan Yanfa
Published: August 2013

Through first‐principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the atomic structure and electronic properties of intrinsic and passivated Σ3 (114) grain boundaries (GBs) in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) are studied. Intrinsic GBs in CZTSe create localized deep states within the band gap and thus act as Shockley‐Read‐Hall recombination centers, which are detrimental to cell performance. Defects, such as ZnSn (Zn atoms on Sn sites), Na+i (interstitial Na ions), and OSe (O atoms on Se sites), prefer to segregate into GBs in CZTSe. The segregation of these defects at GBs exhibit two beneficial effects: 1) eliminating the deep gap states via wrong bonds breaking or weakening at GBs, making GBs electrically benign; and 2) creating hole barriers and electron sinkers, promoting effective charge separation at GBs. The results suggest a unique chemical approach for engineering GBs in CZTSe to achieve improved cell performance.
Change point analysis of travel routes reveals novel insights into foraging strategies and cognitive maps of wild baboons
Authors: Noser Rahel , Byrne Richard W.
Published: August 2013

Efficient space use is a critical challenge for animals relying on stationary resources. It is often difficult with purely observational methods to gain unambiguous insight into any ability of primates to manage and process spatial information. Investigating the visible signs of the decision processes underlying space use often leaves open important issues. We applied the change point test [Byrne et al. (2009). Anim Behav 77: 619–631], a statistical tool to objectively determine change points (CPs) in animal travel paths, to investigate to what degree directional changes in our study group's (Papio ursinus) dry season ranging were associated with important resources and prominent landmarks. One‐third of directional changes were associated with fruit feeding, 1/3 with traveling, and 1/3 with dry matter feeding, travel feeding and with drinking. When directional changes were associated with traveling, the subsequent directional changes were likely to result in fruit feeding. Fruit feeding mostly occurred at the apex of the day journeys, while drinking, dry matter feeding, and travel feeding often occurred along straight travel segments. The majority of directional changes did not occur in clusters at distinctive locations, but at distances of more than 120 m apart from each other, many of them along prominent landmarks. We conclude that the CPs do not represent nodes or route bends of a network map. Rather, they represent (1) locations where the decision to turn back to their sleeping site was taken, and (2) locations next to important landmarks (changes of slope, car tracks) where slight adjustment of a movement direction was possible. We found no evidence for a Euclidean map and discuss our findings in the light of a network map representation of space. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 76:399–409, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Der Fernseher in der Westentasche: Flüssigkristall‐ Materialentwicklung für das neue Jahrtausend
Authors: Bremer Matthias , Kirsch Peer , Klasen‐Memmer Melanie , Tarumi Kazuaki
Published: August 2013

Neue Flüssigkristalle mit sehr niedriger Viskosität, gutem Mesophasenverhalten und hoher Zuverlässigkeit ermöglichen den Durchbruch vom flachen Computermonitor zum großformatigen LCD‐Fernseher. Fluor spielt hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle, nicht nur, weil es Polarität in organischen Molekülen induziert, sondern auch wegen seiner niedrigen Polarisierbarkeit und seiner schwach ausgeprägten Tendenz zur Ionensolvatation. Zusätzlich sind in fluorierten Flüssigkristallen subtile stereoelektronische Effekte am Werk und ermöglichen eine Feinabstimmung der gewünschten Eigenschaften. Dafür ist eine aufwendige Chemie erforderlich, wie sie sich normalerweise in der Spezialchemie allein schon aus Kostengründen verbietet. Der Markt für Fernseh‐Displays tritt heute in eine Phase der Sättigung ein. Bedingt durch die weite Verbreitung des Internets gibt es jedoch einen neuen Trend zu mobilen Geräten. Tablet‐PCs und Smartphones benötigen berührungsempfindliche Bildschirme und niedrigen Stromverbrauch. Neue LC‐Modi mit hocheffizienten Flüssigkristallen und zusätzlichen Komponenten, z. B. polymerisierbaren Materialien, werden in solchen Produkten verwendet.
A new molecular explanation for age‐related neurodegeneration: The Tyr682 residue of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Matrone Carmela
Published: August 2013

Emerging evidence supports the role for the intracellular domains of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the physiology and function of APP. In this short report, I discuss the hypothesis that mutation of Tyr682 on the Y682ENPTY687 C‐terminal motif of APP may be directly or indirectly associated with alterations in APP functioning and activity, leading to neuronal defects and deficits. Mutation of Tyr682 induces an early and progressive age‐dependent cognitive and locomotor decline that is associated with a loss of synaptic connections, a decrease in cholinergic tone, and defects in NGF signaling. These findings support a model in which APP‐C‐terminal domain exerts a pathogenic function in neuronal development and decline, and suggest that Tyr682 potentially could modulate the properties of APP metabolites in humans.
Simultaneous Modeling of Phase Equilibria and Interfacial Properties Using the PCP‐SAFT Model
Authors: Schäfer Elisabeth , Vogelpohl Christina , Sadowski Gabriele , Enders Sabine
Published: August 2013

Am Beispiel der Hydroformylierung von Olefinen wurde die Modellierung von temperaturgesteuerten Lösungsmittelsystemen untersucht. Dazu werden Informationen über Flüssig/flüssig‐ und Gas/flüssig‐Gleichgewichte sowie Grenzflächeneigenschaften benötigt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Perturbed Chain Polar Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PCP‐SAFT) in Kombination mit der Dichtegradiententheorie ein geeignetes Modellierungswerkzeug hierfür ist. Die Beschreibung der unterschiedlichen thermodynamischen Eigenschaften erfolgte mit einheitlichen Parametersätzen. Auch experimentelle Werte, die nicht bei der Parameteranpassung einbezogen wurden, konnten erfolgreich wiedergegeben werden. Somit ist eine zuverlässige Extrapolation auf nicht vermessene thermodynamische Zustände möglich ist.
On construction of heuristic QoS bandwidth management in clouds
Authors: Yang Chao‐Tung , Liu Jung‐Chun , Ranjan Rajiv , Shih Wen‐Chung , Lin Chih‐Hao
Published: August 2013

In recent years, cloud computing has become popular and its applications widespread. Thus, there exists a common concern, that is, how to arrange and monitor various resources in the cloud computing environment. In the literature, Ganglia and Network Weather Service (NWS) were used to monitor and gather node status and network‐related data, respectively. With supports of Ganglia and NWS, one can effectively administer available resources in the cloud computing environment. In order to achieve high performance of cloud computing, comprehensive monitoring and efficient management are critical. Ganglia is often used to gather status data of resources, such as live states of hosts, CPU or memory utilizations, and surely Ganglia is also capable of monitoring network‐related information; however, instead of Ganglia, we used NWS services to gather network‐related information such as end‐to‐end transmission control protocol/Internet protocol performance data. Compared with Ganglia, NWS services offer more selections and flexibility for measurement schemes. Besides, NWS services could be deployed with nonintruding manner that makes it easier and faster in deploying services to cloud nodes. The network‐related information is acquired immediately after deployment. Although NWS services also provide measurements for CPU and memory utilizations, but less functionality is provided by them than Ganglia in these aspects. Therefore, we combine advantageous features of Ganglia and NWS to achieve the aims of effective monitoring and management of available resources in the cloud environment. Nevertheless, Ganglia and NWS services may not provide sufficient data in realistic situations due to diversified needs of users, especially application developers. For instance, users are not able to directly access utilizations or allocations of resources in the cloud environment via interfaces or channels of Ganglia or NWS. In addition, NWS services based on a domain‐based network information model could greatly decrease overheads caused by unnecessary measurements. Hence, we propose a heuristic QoS measurement approach based on the domain‐based information model. This measurement approach is capable of providing essential information to satisfy user requirements, and thus let users manage and monitor various resources in the cloud environment in a more efficient way. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hardware counter‐based toolkit for the analysis of memory accesses in SMPs
Authors: Lorenzo Oscar G. , Pena Tomás F. , Cabaleiro José C. , Pichel Juan C. , Lorenzo Juan A. , Rivera Francisco F.
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a set of three hardware counter (HC)‐based tools to characterise memory access of parallel codes in Symmetric Multiprocessors (SMPs) is presented. This toolkit simplifies accessing and programming HCs, which are included in modern microprocessors. Hardware counters are used to obtain information about memory accesses in a parallel code at very low cost. This information is presented to the user in a friendly way. The first tool can be used to automatically monitor the memory accesses of a system and to analyse a code even if the source is not available. The second tool allows the user to insert in a source code, in a simple and transparent way, the instructions needed to monitor and manage HCs. This way, specific parts of the code can be analysed. The user can either add appropriate directives to a C code or use a graphical interface to select those parts of the code to be analysed. The tool takes this source file and automatically adds the monitoring code. The third tool takes the information gathered by the aforementioned tools, processes it and displays it graphically. This tool shows the information in a comprehensive and simple way, allowing the user to adjust the level of detail. The aim of these tools was to characterise the memory accesses of parallel codes in multicore systems, in which the cache hierarchy can greatly influence the performance. For illustrative purposes, these tools were used to carry out two case studies, a sparse matrix vector product and a dot product. These studies have been made in two different environments. Anyway, they can be used in almost any system as long as the necessary HCs are available.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dramatic response to climate change in the Southwest: Robert Whittaker's 1963 Arizona Mountain plant transect revisited
Authors: Brusca Richard C. , Wiens John F. , Meyer Wallace M. , Eble Jeff , Franklin Kim , Overpeck Jonathan T. , Moore Wendy
Published: August 2013

Models analyzing how Southwestern plant communities will respond to climate change predict that increases in temperature will lead to upward elevational shifts of montane species. We tested this hypothesis by reexamining Robert Whittaker's 1963 plant transect in the Santa Catalina Mountains of southern Arizona, finding that this process is already well underway. Our survey, five decades after Whittaker's, reveals large changes in the elevational ranges of common montane plants, while mean annual rainfall has decreased over the past 20 years, and mean annual temperatures increased 0.25°C/decade from 1949 to 2011 in the Tucson Basin. Although elevational changes in species are individualistic, significant overall upward movement of the lower elevation boundaries, and elevational range contractions, have occurred. This is the first documentation of significant upward shifts of lower elevation range boundaries in Southwestern montane plant species over decadal time, confirming that previous hypotheses are correct in their prediction that mountain communities in the Southwest will be strongly impacted by warming, and that the Southwest is already experiencing a rapid vegetation change.
When Policy Hits the Ground. An Empirical Study of the Communication Practices of Project Managers of a Water Board in Conversations for Collaborative Governance
Authors: Lems P. , Aarts N. , van Woerkum C. M. J.
Published: August 2013

Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner's support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Local mobility and service access for enterprise femtocell networks
Authors: Zdarsky F. A. , Maeder A. , Schmid S.
Published: August 2013

Femtocells were originally designed for standalone home deployment. Yet, there is a growing interest in exploiting their advantages also in many cell deployments for enterprises and public spaces. Such Enterprise Femtocell Networks (EFNs) differ not only in scale but also in user traffic patterns and service requirements. A significant share of user traffic in EFNs is local, that is, between mobile devices attached to the same EFN. In the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) architecture, this traffic is nevertheless sent to the mobile core network and back, causing unnecessary load on the core and backhaul network infrastructures. Local Internet Protocol (IP) Access (LIPA) and Selective IP Traffic Offload play important roles in EFNs, but the current 3GPP architecture supports them neither with full mobility within and to/from EFN nor with the possibility to (re‐)establish LIPA sessions from the macro network with a single, consistent mechanism.

This paper addresses both problems by proposing the following: (1) a solution for localising data and control plane traffic that significantly offloads both the mobile core network and the backhaul and (2) a solution enabling a consistent local and remote access to enterprise services. These solutions are then evaluated in detail. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐layer transmission and hybrid relaying for relay channels with multiple out‐of‐band relays
Authors: Park Seok‐Hwan , Simeone Osvaldo , Sahin Onur , Shamai (Shitz) Shlomo
Published: August 2013

In this work, a relay channel is studied in which a source encoder communicates with a destination decoder through a number of out‐of‐band relays that are connected to the decoder through capacity‐constrained digital backhaul links. This model is motivated by the uplink of cloud radio access networks. In this scenario, a novel transmission and relaying strategies are proposed in which multi‐layer transmission is used, on the one hand, to adaptively leverage the different decoding capabilities of the relays and, on the other hand, to enable hybrid decode‐and‐forward and compress‐and‐forward relaying. The hybrid relaying strategy allows each relay to forward part of the decoded messages and a compressed version of the received signal to the decoder. The problem of optimising the power allocation across the layers and the compression test channels is formulated. Albeit non‐convex, the derived problem is found to belong to the class of so‐called complementary geometric programs. Using this observation, an iterative algorithm based on the homotopy method is proposed that achieves a stationary point of the original problem by solving a sequence of geometric programming, and thus convex, problems. Numerical results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed multi‐layer hybrid scheme in achieving performance close to a theoretical (cutset) upper bound. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A first look at traffic patterns of Siri
Authors: Caviglione L.
Published: August 2013

The evolution of handheld devices and wireless communication ignited a new wave of speech‐driven services using an “intelligent” back‐end to perform complex tasks, for example, real‐time dictation and data retrieval. Hence, the network is of crucial importance, and its usage must be properly analysed. This paper discusses some basic behaviours of Siri in terms of traffic patterns, possible models and a short privacy/security assessment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Admission control for wireless LANs with multipacket reception capability
Authors: Choi Wooyeol , Lim Hyuk
Published: August 2013

In a multipacket reception (MPR) system, a wireless node can successfully receive multiple packets from simultaneous transmitters. The increase in the number of simultaneous transmissions leads to higher throughput as long as the transmissions can be successfully decoded by the receiver. The maximum number of simultaneous transmissions that the receiver can successfully decode should be determined and used as the criterion of admission control in order to maximise the multipacket reception system performance. In this paper, we propose an admission control scheme that derives the maximum number of simultaneous transmissions and regulates the number of simultaneous transmissions based on the derived number. To evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme, we carry out extensive simulations and show that our proposed scheme significantly improves the network throughput. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate statistical analysis and partitioning of sedimentary geochemical data sets: General principles and specific MATLAB scripts
Authors: Pisias Nicklas G. , Murray Richard W. , Scudder Rachel P.
Published: August 2013

Multivariate statistical treatments of large data sets in sedimentary geochemical and other fields are rapidly becoming more popular as analytical and computational capabilities expand. Because geochemical data sets present a unique set of conditions (e.g., the closed array), application of generic off‐the‐shelf applications is not straightforward and can yield misleading results. We present here annotated MATLAB scripts (and specific guidelines for their use) for Q‐mode factor analysis, a constrained least squares multiple linear regression technique, and a total inversion protocol, that are based on the well‐known approaches taken by Dymond (1981), Leinen and Pisias (1984), Kyte et al. (1993), and their predecessors. Although these techniques have been used by investigators for the past decades, their application has been neither consistent nor transparent, as their code has remained in‐house or in formats not commonly used by many of today's researchers (e.g., FORTRAN). In addition to providing the annotated scripts and instructions for use, we discuss general principles to be considered when performing multivariate statistical treatments of large geochemical data sets, provide a brief contextual history of each approach, explain their similarities and differences, and include a sample data set for the user to test their own manipulation of the scripts.
A paleointensity technique for multidomain igneous rocks
Authors: Wang Huapei , Kent Dennis V.
Published: August 2013

We developed a paleointensity technique to account for concave‐up Arai diagrams due to multidomain (MD) contributions to determine unbiased paleointensities for 24 trial samples from site GA‐X in Pleistocene lavas from Floreana Island, Galapagos Archipelago. The main magnetization carrier is fine‐grained low‐titanium magnetite of variable grain size. We used a comprehensive back‐zero‐forth (BZF) heating technique by adding an additional zero‐field heating between the Thellier two opposite in‐field heating steps in order to estimate paleointensities in various standard protocols and provide internal self‐consistency checks. After the first BZF experiment, we gave each sample a total thermal remanent magnetization (tTRM) by cooling from the Curie point in the presence of a low (15 µT) laboratory‐applied field. Then we repeated the BZF protocol, with the laboratory‐applied tTRM as a synthetic natural remanent magnetization (NRM), using the same laboratory‐applied field and temperature steps to obtain the synthetic Arai signatures, which should only represent the domain‐state dependent properties of the samples. We corrected the original Arai diagrams from the first BZF experiment by using the Arai signatures from the repeated BZF experiment, which neutralizes the typical MD concave‐up effect. Eleven samples meet the Arai diagram post‐selection criteria and provide qualified paleointensity estimates with a mean value for site GA‐X of 4.23 ± 1.29 µT, consistent with an excursional geomagnetic field direction reported for this site.
Strain rate viscoelastic analysis of soft and highly hydrated biomaterials
Authors: Tirella A. , Mattei G. , Ahluwalia A.
Published: August 2013

Measuring the viscoelastic behavior of highly hydrated biological materials is challenging because of their intrinsic softness and labile nature. In these materials, it is difficult to avoid prestress and therefore to establish precise initial stress and strain conditions for lumped parameter estimation using creep or stress‐relaxation (SR) tests. We describe a method (
or epsilon dot method) for deriving the viscoelastic parameters of soft hydrated biomaterials which avoids prestress and can be used to rapidly test degradable samples. Standard mechanical tests are first performed compressing samples using different strain rates. The dataset obtained is then analyzed to mathematically derive the material's viscoelastic parameters. In this work a stable elastomer, polydimethylsiloxane, and a labile hydrogel, gelatin, were first tested using the
, in parallel SR was used to compare lumped parameter estimation. After demonstrating that the elastic parameters are equivalent and that the estimation of short‐time constants is more precise using the proposed method, the viscoelastic behavior of porcine liver was investigated using this approach. The results show that the constitutive parameters of hepatic tissue can be quickly quantified without the application of any prestress and before the onset of time‐dependent degradation phenomena. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3352–3360, 2014