bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prelithiation Bridges the Gap for Developing Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries/Capacitors
Authors: Li Feifei , Cao Yangyang , Wu Wenjing , Wang Gongwei , Qu Deyang
Published: June 2022

The ever‐growing market of portable electronics and electric vehicles has spurred extensive research for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density. High‐capacity alloy‐ and conversion‐type anodes are explored to replace the conventional graphite anode. However, one common issue plaguing these anodes is the large initial capacity loss caused by the solid electrolyte interface formation and other irreversible parasitic reactions, which decrease the total energy density and prevent further market integration. Prelithiation becomes indispensable to compensate for the initial capacity loss, enhance the full cell cycling performance, and bridge the gap between laboratory studies and the practical requirements of advanced LIBs. This review summarizes the various emerging anode and cathode prelithiation techniques, the key barriers, and the corresponding strategies for manufacturing‐compatible and scalable prelithiation. Furthermore, prelithiation as the primary Li+ donor enables the safe assembly of new‐configured “beyond LIBs” (e.g., Li‐ion/S and Li‐ion/O2 batteries) and high power‐density Li‐ion capacitors (LICs). The related progress is also summarized. Finally, perspectives are suggested on the future trend of prelithiation techniques to propel the commercialization of advanced LIBs/LICs.
Heterogeneous peer effects by gender, task, and monetary incentive: Evidence from speed skating
Authors: Nishihata Masaya
Published: June 2022

Using data from international speed skating events in the 2012–13 through 2018–19 seasons, I investigate heterogeneous peer effects by gender, task, and monetary incentive. While I do not detect peer effects among men, I find evidence for such effects in some race distances among women. In the women's sprint races of 500 and 1000 meters, a 10% improvement in a peer's personal best prior to this event makes one's time faster by 0.30–0.38%, and a 10% improvement in a peer's time makes one's time faster by 0.93–1.02%. However, in 1000‐meter races for women, peer effects decrease sharply in events without monetary prizes. These results imply that monetary incentives are more effective than peer effects to improve one's performance in a middle‐ or long‐term task that requires patience. This article indicates that the effectiveness of peer effects depends on task characteristics and monetary incentives.
Seizing the opportunity window of artificial intelligence in China: Towards an innovation policy mix framework for emerging technologies from an evolution perspective
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Mengbo , Kang Xiaoling , Zhang Xia , Chen Xing
Published: June 2022

China's innovation policies for artificial intelligence (AI) are widely considered as having made a remarkable achievement, which offers us a pertinent case to explore how to design and implement an effective innovation policy mix for an emerging technology. On the basis of literature on the characteristics of emerging technologies and the typology of innovation policy, this paper proposes a four‐dimensional framework. It then conducts a categorical principal component analysis and a k‐prototype cluster analysis by using data on 116 China's AI policy programmes from 2009 to 2021, which show that the characteristics of the innovation policy mix can be captured by the four dimensions. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that China's AI innovation policy mix evolves following the changing characteristics of AI technology over time. This paper has some implications for designing AI innovation policy mixes in other countries and designing innovation policy mixes for other emerging technologies.
Laboratory Study on the Formation of Endogenous CaO‐Containing Inclusion in Gear Steel SCr420H during the Simulated LF Refining Process without Ca Treatment
Authors: Sun Meng , Jiang Zhouhua , Li Yang , Chen Changyong , Ma Shuai , Wang Ju , Ji Yongshuai , Ma Yanshuo
Published: June 2022

The individual effect of Ca‐containing ferrosilicon, MgO crucible, and slag–steel refining on the formation of endogenous CaO‐containing inclusion in steel is investigated by contrast experiments. Experiments using Ca‐containing ferrosilicon are compared with the effect of high basicity slag and MgO crucible on inclusions compared to experiments with high purity Si. It is found that the influence of Ca‐containing ferrosilicon has a noticeable impact on endogenous CaO‐containing, while slag–steel reaction and MgO refractory mainly increase the (MgO) in inclusion. When Ca‐containing ferrosilicon is added after Al deoxidation, Al2O3 and MgO–xAl2O3 inclusions with low MgO content are modified into CaO‐containing inclusions preferentially, and [Mg] supplied by MgO refractory reacts mainly with (Al2O3) in inclusions in the subsequent refining process. Ca‐containing ferrosilicon addition before Al deoxidation is helpful in reducing Ca content in the steel. The dissolution of refractory in slag has a significant effect on slag–steel reaction by changing slag composition. Under the effect of slag and MgO refractory, MgO‐saturated spinel and MgO form in steel during the whole process. Herein, Ca‐containing ferrosilicon is a significant contributor to endogenous CaO‐containing inclusions during the simulated ladle furnace refining process without Ca treatment.
Optimization of Laser‐Powder Bed Fusion Processed Fe–4.5Si Alloy via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gwak Minseok , Park Jun Young , Jeong Sang Guk , Seol Jae Bok , Sung Hyokyung , Kim Seokhwan , Kim Hyoung Seop , Kim Jung Gi
Published: June 2022

Fe–Si alloy‐based additive manufacturing (AM) has become a popular manufacturing process of complex‐shaped parts for electric mobility vehicles. However, an optimization strategy has yet to be established owing to the various processing parameters of the AM process. Because the energy density‐based approach is unable to consider external factors (e.g., irregularly shaped powders and instrumental effects), the present study applies the response surface methodology (RSM) to estimate the properties of AM‐processed Fe–Si alloy samples. Quadratic polynomial models of the density and hardness based on the RSM successfully estimated the properties of as‐built Fe–4.5Si alloy samples with a deviation of 5% from the experimental results. Based on the verified mathematical models, the optimal conditions to manufacture a Fe–4.5Si sample with the highest density and hardness combination are 125.38 W and 800 mm s−1. The results indicate that RSM is an effective approach for optimizing the properties of AM‐processed parts with a limited amount of experimental data.
Structural Evolution of Atomically Thin 1T’‐MoTe2 Alloyed in Chalcogen Atmosphere
Authors: Xu Tao , Li Shouheng , Li Aolin , Yu Yue , Zhang Hui , Hu Ping , Zhou Wenzhe , Sheng Liping , Jiang Tian , Cheng Haifeng , Cheng Xiang'ai , Ouyang Fangping , Zhang Jin , Wang Shanshan
Published: June 2022

Alloying is widely applied to tailor properties of 2D materials. Herein, a space‐confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to homogeneously grow 100 μm‐sized monolayer 1T’‐MoTe2 in batches is developed. Aberration‐corrected annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory calculations is applied to investigate the atomic structural alteration of 1T’‐MoTe2 alloyed with sulfur. 1T’‐to‐2H phase transition is observed, triggered by both thermodynamic (stability improvement) and kinetic (phase transition barrier reduction) reasons. The alloying degrees of MoS2xTe2(1−x) grown at different temperatures display homophilic and random configurations, respectively, providing a feasible approach to tailor the atomic mixture of the alloying elements. The intralayer reconstruction and the interlayer displacement take place as defect concentration increases at elevated alloying temperatures. In contrast, 1T’‐MoTe2 displays high susceptibility in the presence of oxygen. An encapsulation method is developed using CVD‐grown monolayer MoS2, extending the lifetime of monolayer tellurides from several minutes to at least 24 h. These results gain fundamental insights into the structural change in both the beneficial (sulfurization) and detrimental (oxidation) alloying processes of atomically thin 1T’‐MoTe2 and provide a new degree of freedom for the controllable growth of 2D alloys (i.e., tailoring the alloying degree).
A Review of MnO2 Composites Incorporated with Conductive Materials for Energy Storage
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Haoran , Li Zhaoneng , Du Cheng‐Feng , Guo Ruisheng
Published: June 2022

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has been widely used in the field of energy storage due to its high specific capacitance, low cost, natural abundance, and being environmentally friendly. However, suffering from poor electrical conductivity and high dissolvability, the performance of MnO2 can no longer meet the needs of rapidly growing technological development, especially for the application as electrode material in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. In this review, recent studies on the development of binary or multiple MnO2‐based composites with conductive components for energy storage are summarized. Firstly, general preparing methods for MnO2‐based composites are introduced. Subsequently, the binary and multiple MnO2‐based composites with carbon, conducting polymer, and other conductive materials are discussed respectively. The improvement in their performance is summarized as well. Finally, perspectives on the practical applications of MnO2‐based composites are presented.
Recent Progress in the Selective Fluorinations of Some Functionalized Cycloalkenes
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Paizs Csaba , Kiss Loránd
Published: June 2022

Organofluorine compounds have had an increasing impact in synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceutical research over the past two decades. Their syntheses and the development of novel synthetic approaches towards versatile fluorinated small molecules have received great interest. Our research team has designed various selective and stereocontrolled methods for the construction of fluorine‐containing small molecular entities, involving the transformation of various functionalized cycloalkenes across their ring olefin bond. The synthetic methodologies developed to access various pharmacologically interesting fluorinated derivatives with multiple chiral centers might be valuable protocols for the preparation of other classes of organic compounds as well.
Introduction: Curiosity, Identities, and Knowledge in Travel Writings on Asia
Authors: Mueller Christian , Salonia Matteo
Published: June 2022

The first chapter reflects on the nature of travelling as the paradigmatic form of human experience and its literary reflection in travel writings. In linking travels and experiences of human encounters, the chapter enquires into the relations between time and space by linking the historiographical traditions of travel writings on Asian spaces as readings of space across time with a critical analysis of the development of conceptualisations and inventions of Asian spaces. In addressing the analytical concepts of curiosity, identities, and knowledge, the chapter questions the dominance of an ideologically biased framework based on the Foucault–Saidian power–knowledge nexus that privileges the ideological assumption that imperialist appropriations of space are the human condition of travel writings. The chapter re-establishes curiosity as a human intellectual capacity at the centre of analysis to capture transnational space of encounters in which mutual curiosities complement the ideological claims for conquest through writing down encounters of difference.
The Challenge of Curiosity During the Cold War: Representations of Asia Between Politics and Consumerism and the Reflections of Goffredo Parise in the 1960s
Authors: Salonia Matteo , Mueller Christian
Published: June 2022

The article investigates multiform perceptions of Asia during the Cold War in the 1960s through the lenses of politics, tourism and curious travellers. The article shows how in a turn towards the criticism of mechanical modernity, the variety of images and perceptions of Asia diversified into extreme positions. Our contribution places travel writer politicians like André Malraux and literary figures like Goffredo Parise alike into a framework in which individualized notions of Asia as a plurality of geopolitical, ideological, regional and local spaces emerged. In combination with the intra-Asian reorientation of tourist images, this chapter argues for a broad spectrum of Asian travel images beyond a clear dichotomy of authentic observations versus colonial gazes under the auspices of Cold War ideology.
Asian Ceremonies and Christian Chivalry in Pigafetta’s ‘The First Voyage Around the World’
Authors: Salonia Matteo
Published: June 2022

This essay focuses on early Iberian Asia and explores the theme of curiosity in the Asian sections of Antonio Pigafetta’sFirst Voyage Around the World, an account of the Magellan expedition. The contribution discusses Pigafetta’s narrative after the finding of the Strait, fleshing out both the colorful images of Asian rites and the presence of Christian chivalry in the text. Pigafetta portrays the Philippines, the Moluccas, and other islands from the perspective of an intellectual knight, self-consciously shaping his own character not only in the past, but also in the future. On the one hand, his guided curiosity usually avoids judgments about the strange societies that he observes; on the other hand, the importance of chivalric values demonstrates the resilience of cultural backgrounds and locally rooted meanings even at the moment of encounter. There is empathy rather than “othering,” but this is not in contradiction with Pigafetta’s cultural and religious identity.
In Search of Textual Treasures: The Ōtani Expeditions and Tibet
Authors: Kohl Stephen W. , Green Ronald S.
Published: June 2022

This chapter carefully reconstructs some of the Ōtani expeditions that at the beginning of the twentieth century aimed to study the early transmission of Buddhism through Central Asia and to develop relations between Japan and Tibet. By contextualizing these Japanese missions and fleshing out the expectations and reactions of those writing about them, this contribution explores the ways in which Japanese scholars perceived and observed Asian habits and rituals with a focus on religious pilgrimage and sites of worship.

Thus, this contribution integrates all the other essays by expanding the volume’s reflections on travel and relationship between past, space, and travelers. It is especially in the spiritual geographies described in Aoki Bunkyō's travel account that we find a spatial ordering of Asia that embodies intra-Asian friendship. This genuine motivation challenges political maps and imperial tensions, adding another dimension to the concept of curiosity, and opening new vistas on the contribution of religious networks and spiritual fellowship to the dissemination of knowledge.
Chiral anomaly in Euler fluid and Beltrami flow
Authors: Wiegmann P. B. , Abanov A. G.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We show that barotropic flows of a perfect, charged, classical fluid exhibit an anomaly analogous to the chiral anomaly known in quantum field theories with Dirac fermions. A prominent effect of the chiral anomaly is the transport electric current in the fluid at equilibrium with the chiral reservoir. We find that it is also a property of celebrated Beltrami flows — stationary solutions of the Euler equation with an extensive helicity.
Quantum error correction in SYK and bulk emergence
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Levine Adam
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We analyze the error correcting properties of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, with errors that correspond to erasures of subsets of fermions. We study the limit where the number of fermions erased is large but small compared to the total number of fermions. We compute the price of the quantum error correcting code, defined as the number of physical qubits needed to reconstruct whether a given operator has been acted upon the thermal state or not. By thinking about reconstruction via quantum teleportation, we argue for a bound that relates the price to the ordinary operator size in systems that display so-called detailed size winding [1]. We then find that in SYK the price roughly saturates this bound. Computing the price requires computing modular flowed correlators with respect to the density matrix associated to a subset of fermions. We offer an interpretation of these correlators as probing a quantum extremal surface in the AdS dual of SYK. In the large N limit, the operator algebras associated to subsets of fermions in SYK satisfy half-sided modular inclusion, which is indicative of an emergent Type III1 von Neumann algebra. We discuss the relationship between the emergent algebra of half-sided modular inclusions and bulk symmetry generators.
θ dependence of Tc in 4d SU(3) Yang-Mills theory with histogram method and the Lee-Yang zeros in the large N limit
Authors: Otake Noriaki , Yamada Norikazu
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The phase diagram on the θ-T plane in four dimensional SU(3) Yang-Mills theory is explored. We revisit the θ dependence of the deconfinement transition temperature, Tc(θ), on the lattice through the constraint effective potential for Polyakov loop. The θ term is introduced by the reweighting method, and the critical β is determined to θ ∼ 0.75, where the interpolation in β is carried out by the multipoint reweighting method. The θ dependence of Tc obtained here turns out to be consistent with the previous result by D’Elia and Negro [1, 2]. We also derive Tc(θ) by classifying configurations into the high and low temperature phases and applying the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. It is found that the potential barrier in the double well potential at Tc(θ) becomes higher with θ, which suggests that the first order transition continues robustly above θ ∼ 0.75. Using information obtained here, we try to depict the expected θ dependence of the free energy density at T ≲ Tc(0), which crosses the first order transition line at an intermediate value of θ. Finally, how the Lee-Yang zeros associated with the spontaneous CP violation appear is discussed formally in the large N limit, and the locations of them are found to be $$ \left({\theta}_R,{\theta}_I\right)=\left(\left(2m+1\right)\pi, \frac{2n+1}{2\chi {V}_4}\right) $$

θ
R

θ
I

=

2
m
+
1

π

2
n
+
1

2
χ

V
4

with m and n arbitrary integers.
A lattice study of ππ scattering at large Nc
Authors: Baeza-Ballesteros Jorge , Hernández Pilar , Romero-López Fernando
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We present the first lattice study of pion-pion scattering with varying number of colors, Nc. We use lattice simulations with four degenerate quark flavors, Nf = 4, and Nc = 3 − 6. We focus on two scattering channels that do not involve vacuum diagrams. These correspond to two irreducible representations of the SU(4) flavor group: the fully symmetric one, SS, and the fully antisymmetric one, AA. The former is a repulsive channel equivalent to the isospin-2 channel of SU(2). By contrast, the latter is attractive and only exists for Nf≥ 4. A representative state is $$ \left(\left.\left|{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+}\right.\right\rangle -\left.\left|{D}^{+}{K}^{+}\right.\right\rangle \right)/\sqrt{2} $$

D
s
+

π
+

−

D
+

K
+

/

2

. Using Lüscher’s formalism, we extract the near-threshold scattering amplitude and we match our results to Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) at large Nc. For this, we compute the analytical U(Nf) ChPT prediction for two-pion scattering, and use the lattice results to constrain the Nc scaling of the relevant low-energy couplings.
Nonlinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations in critical spaces part II
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Veraar Mark
Published: June 2022

This paper is a continuation of Part I of this project, where we developed a new local well-posedness theory for nonlinear stochastic PDEs with Gaussian noise. In the current Part II we consider blow-up criteria and regularization phenomena. As in Part I we can allow nonlinearities with polynomial growth and rough initial values from critical spaces. In the first main result we obtain several new blow-up criteria for quasi- and semilinear stochastic evolution equations. In particular, for semilinear equations we obtain a Serrin type blow-up criterium, which extends a recent result of Prüss–Simonett–Wilke (J Differ Equ 264(3):2028–2074, 2018) to the stochastic setting. Blow-up criteria can be used to prove global well-posedness for SPDEs. As in Part I, maximal regularity techniques and weights in time play a central role in the proofs. Our second contribution is a new method to bootstrap Sobolev and Hölder regularity in time and space, which does not require smoothness of the initial data. The blow-up criteria are at the basis of these new methods. Moreover, in applications the bootstrap results can be combined with our blow-up criteria, to obtain efficient ways to prove global existence. This gives new results even in classical$$L^2$$L2-settings, which we illustrate for a concrete SPDE. In future works in preparation we apply the results of the current paper to obtain global well-posedness results and regularity for several concrete SPDEs. These include stochastic Navier–Stokes equations, reaction– diffusion equations and the Allen–Cahn equation. Our setting allows to put these SPDEs into a more flexible framework, where less restrictions on the nonlinearities are needed, and we are able to treat rough initial values from critical spaces. Moreover, we will obtain higher-order regularity results.
Early childhood education and care: effects after half a century and their mechanisms
Authors: Kawarazaki Hikaru
Published: June 2022

The effects of early childhood education and care (ECEC) have been widely researched, but most studies focus on targeted or relatively short-term programmes. This paper investigates the long-term effects of a universal ECEC programme and underlying mechanisms. By exploiting differences in expansion rates of childcare institutions across Japan from the 1960s to the 1980s, I find a positive effect of ECEC on income at up to age 50. The overall effect is driven by a significant impact among women, who were disadvantaged at that time, while there are no adverse effects on others. Mediation analysis shows that an increase in wages leads to an increase in income, which is triggered by improved educational attainment and not an increase in labour supply. The results imply that a universal childcare system has the potential to reduce income inequality.
On the rectangular knapsack problem
Authors: Bökler Fritz , Chimani Markus , Wagner Mirko H.
Published: June 2022

A recent paper by Schulze et al. (Math Methods Oper Res 92(1):107–132, 2020) presented the Rectangular Knapsack Problem (Rkp) as a crucial subproblem in the study on the Cardinality-constrained Bi-objective Knapsack Problem (Cbkp). To this end, they started an investigation into its complexity and approximability. The key results are an -hardness proof for a more general scenario than Rkp, and a 4.5-approximation for Rkp, raising the question of improvements for either result. In this note we settle both questions conclusively: we show that (a) Rkp is indeed -hard in the considered setting (and even in more restricted settings), and (b) there exists both a pseudopolynomial algorithm and a fully-polynomial time approximation scheme (i.e., efficient approximability within any desired ratio $$\alpha >1$$

α
>
1

) for Rkp.
On the spot immunocapture in targeted biomarker analysis using paper-bound streptavidin as anchor for biotinylated antibodies
Authors: Johannsen Christina , haq Anam ul , Reubsaet Léon , Halvorsen Trine Grønhaug
Published: June 2022

The modification of an easily available resource like paper to circumvent expensive or intensive sample pretreatment could be the answer to sample analysis in resource-poor regions. Therefore, a novel on-paper device combining sample collection with affinity sample pretreatment is introduced here. Universal smart affinity samplers are produced by a simple KIO4-mediated oxidation of cellulose, which functionalizes the paper. This is followed by immobilization of streptavidin. Streptavidin serves as a universal anchor for biotinylated antibodies, enabling simple preparation of tailor-made affinity samplers. The functionality of the device was tested using a model protein (human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG) and biotinylated anti-hCG antibodies for affinity capture. In a laboratory setting, the performance was demonstrated, and a 14-fold increase of target binding compared to binding without bmAb was achieved. The recovery of hCG captured with bmAb-treated samplers was determined to be 33% and comparable to previously described affinity capture approaches. Application of the smart affinity samplers to human serum containing hCG showed an R2 of 0.98 (200–1000 pg mL−1), precision of ≤ 9.1% RSD, and estimated limit of detection of 65 pg mL−1. Although further optimization and validation are necessary prior to application to real samples in clinical settings, the potential of the device for use in determination of low abundant biomarkers in complex samples has been demonstrated.
Fabrication of cell plastics composed only of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a raw material
Authors: Nakanishi Akihito , Iritani Kohei , Tsuruta Akane , Yamamoto Naotaka , Watanabe Marina , Ozawa Nanami , Watanabe Masahiko , Zhang Kuan , Tokudome Ayaka
Published: June 2022

Cell plastics in this study were fabricated with only unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as raw materials. The sizes of cell-major axis as structures were 8.4 ± 1.2 µm, and the aspect ratios of those were 1.2 ± 0.1, showing homogeneous particle size. After optimizing extraction condition of intracellular contents, cell plastics were fabricated with the cells as ingredient components and the intracellular contents as matrix components. Those cell plastics were observed with scanning electron microscopy, displaying the smooth surfaces of the cell plastics at a low magnification level. However, the surface, especially exposed surface, were rough at high magnification level. Tensile strength test revealed that increasing the ratio of intracellular contents in the cell plastics until 21% led enhancing mechanical properties of Young’s modulus and tensile strength; however, 25% of intracellular contents displayed decreases of those properties. As the optimal point, the cell plastic (21%), which contained 21% (w/w) of intracellular contents in cell plastics, showed 764 ± 100 MPa and 8.6 ± 5.2 MPa of Young’s modulus and tensile strength. The cell plastics showed few plastic region and soon fractured, indicating the possibility that cells and intracellular contents could be electrostatically connected. Additionally, cells were shown as a negative charge and displayed the possibility to contribute electrically cell-gathering with intracellular ionic components. Therefore, cells and intracellular contents containing ionic metabolites could be electrostatically connected for giving the mechanical strength to cell plastics. In this study, we successfully demonstrated fabricating cell plastics with only cells for the first time and also showed the high possibility of conjugating each cell with the intracellular contents.

Key points

• Cell plastics are fabricated with unicellular green algal cell directly.

• Unicellular cells required to be conjugated for the fabrication with matrix.

• Cells were conjugated with intracellular contents for cell-plastic fabrication.
On the crystal-chemistry of meyerhofferite, CaB3O3(OH)5·H2O
Authors: Gatta G. Diego , Guastella Giorgio , Capelli Silvia C. , Comboni Davide , Guastoni Alessandro
Published: June 2022

The crystal structure and crystal chemistry of meyerhofferite, ideally CaB3O3(OH)5·H2O, was investigated by a multi-methodological approach based on titrimetric determination of boron, gravimetric determination of calcium, determination of fluorine by ion selective electrode, determination of water content by heating, other minor elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, along with single-crystal synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction. The concentration of more than 50 chemical elements was measured. The combination of these techniques proves that the composition of meyerhofferite approaches the ideal one (i.e., (Ca1.012Mg0.003) (B2.984Si0.001)O3(OH)5·1.018H2O), with only a modest fraction of Mg (with MgO ≈ 0.03 wt%) replacing Ca, and with Si the only potential substituent of tetrahedral B (with SiO2 ≈ 0.02 wt%). The content of REE and other minor elements is, overall, not significant, including that of fluorine as a potential OH− substituent (i.e., < 0.01 wt%). These findings have some relevant geochemical and technical implications, here discussed. The X-ray and neutron structure model obtained in this study prove that the building units of the structure of meyerhofferite consist of: two BO2(OH)2 tetrahedra and one BO2(OH) triangle, linked by corner-sharing to form [B3O3(OH)5]2− rings, and distorted Ca-polyhedra (with CN = 8, CaO3(OH)4(OH2)), linked by edge-sharing to form infinite chains along [001]. The B3O3(OH)5 rings are connected to the Ca-polyhedra chains by corner- and edge-sharing, on two sides of the chains. These heteropolyhedral chains, made by Ca-polyhedra and B3O3(OH)5 rings, are mutually connected through hydrogen bonding only, giving rise to the tri-dimensional edifice of meyerhofferite. The neutron structure refinement showed no evidence of static or dynamic disorder pertaining to the H sites; their libration regime was found to be significantly anisotropic. At least seven of the nine oxygen sites of the structure are involved in H-bonding, as donors or as acceptors. The role played by the H-bonding scheme on the physical properties of meyerhofferite is discussed.
Franz Büchners Hypoxieforschung aus der Kriegszeit und der Nobelpreis
Authors: Malik Elisa , Baumann Timo , Fangerau Heiner , Hansson Nils
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Im Zeitraum zwischen 1901 und 1953 wurden insgesamt 5110 Personen für den Nobelpreis in der Kategorie „Physiologie oder Medizin“ nominiert. Dieser Zeitraum umspannt beide Weltkriege und berührt die Frage nach dem Umgang der Nobelkomitees mit deutschen Preiskandidaten.

Ziel der Arbeit

Anhand der Nobelpreisnominierung des deutschen Pathologen Franz Büchner soll dargestellt werden, inwieweit es für die Preisvergabe eine Rolle spielte, wenn auszuzeichnende Forschungsergebnisse teilweise in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus gewonnen worden waren. Flankiert wird dieser Artikel von einer Übersicht sämtlicher Pathologen aus Deutschland, die in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts für den Nobelpreis nominiert wurden.

Material und Methoden

Ausgewertet wurden Daten des Nominierungsarchivs in Stockholm sowie Nominierungsbriefe und Gutachten des Nobelkomitees (Nobelarchiv). Die Nominierung Franz Büchners wird als Beispiel näher beleuchtet, weil die Nominatoren ihren Vorschlag mit hier nachverfolgten Publikationen Büchners begründeten, die teils aus der NS-Zeit stammen.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Franz Büchner wurde 1963 von drei Müsteraner Professoren nominiert. Beide Bereiche, für die er ausgezeichnet werden sollte, betrafen seine Forschung über den Einfluss von Sauerstoffmangel auf die Funktion und Entwicklung des menschlichen Organismus. Letztlich wurden Büchners Leistungen als nicht nobelpreiswürdig eingestuft. Seine Rolle als Militärforscher während des Nationalsozialismus und das in diesem Zeitraum erworbene Wissen über Hypoxie scheinen keine negative Auswirkung auf das Nobelpreisgutachten gehabt zu haben.
Rotational abnormalities in dysplastic hips and how to predict acetabular torsion
Authors: Heimer Carsten Y. W. , Göhler Friedemann , Vosseller J. Turner , Hardt Sebastian , Perka Carsten , Bäcker Henrik C.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which conventional radiography can represent the acetabular and femoral rotational alignment profile between dysplastic and borderline-dysplastic hips.

Methods

A retrospective trial was conducted including 56 borderline-dysplastic and dysplastic hips at a mean age of 28.9 years (range from 18 to 46). Inclusion criteria consisted of symptomatic patients with hip dysplasia undergoing 2-dimensional radiography as well as computed tomography. On radiography, the lateral center edge angle, acetabular hip index, hip lateralization index, acetabular index angle, and the Sharp angle were measured, and the presence of a crossover sign was noted. In computed tomography, the full rotational profile of the lower limb was measured.

Results

Significant correlations were observed in the overall analysis between the anteversion of the acetabulum and the hip lateralization index (mean 0.56, coefficient of regression (CoR) −32.35, p = 0.011) as well as the acetabular index angle with a mean of 11.50 (CoR 0.544, p = 0.018). Similar results were found in the subgroup of dysplastic hips with an acetabular index angle of 13.9 (p = 0.013, CoR 0.74). For the borderline-dysplastic group, no significant correlations between the pelvis radiography and rotational CT were seen.

Conclusion

Although the femoral and acetabular torsion cannot be predicted from x-rays, the anteversion of the acetabulum correlates with the acetabular index angle, the hip lateralization index, and eventually the beta angle in dysplastic hips. For borderline-dysplastic hips, such results did not show up, which strongly illustrates the need for computed tomography in these cases.

Key Points

• Much of the current literature focuses on rotational alignment especially with respect to the femur and tibia in healthy patients, although little is known about the acetabular, femoral, and tibial torsion in dysplastic hips.

• This is the first study showing significant correlations between the anteversion of the acetabulum and the hip lateralization index as well as the acetabular inclination angle. Also, it is the first study to provide a mechanism for estimation of the torsion of the acetabulum with plain radiography in dysplastic hips.

• In borderline-dysplastic hips, no significant correlation was found, which raises the question if a simple x-ray has enough validity to address the acetabular deformity with surgery.
Relationship between retinal fluid characteristics and vision in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: HARBOR post hoc analysis
Authors: Sadda SriniVas , Holekamp Nancy M. , Sarraf David , Ebraheem Adel , Fan Wenying , Hill Lauren , Blotner Steve , Spicer Galin , Gune Shamika
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between retinal fluid location, amount/severity, and vision with ranibizumab-treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

In the phase 3 HARBOR trial (NCT00891735), treatment-naive patients with nAMD received ranibizumab 0.5 or 2.0 mg through month 24. This post hoc analysis included eyes with subretinal fluid (SRF) and/or intraretinal fluid (IRF) at screening, baseline, or week 1, and optical coherence tomography data at months 12 and 24 (n = 917). Outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from baseline and proportion of eyes with 20/40 or better vision at months 12 and 24. Eyes were stratified by the location, amount, and/or severity of fluid.

Results

At baseline, 86% and 63% of eyes had SRF and IRF, respectively. Among eyes with residual SRF, mean BCVA gains at each time point were greater in eyes with central versus noncentral SRF; location did not affect the odds of having 20/40 or better vision over 24 months. Eyes with 20/40 or better BCVA at month 12 had significantly lower SRF thickness versus eyes with worse vision; however, no difference was apparent at month 24. Vision was comparatively worse in eyes with residual IRF at months 12 and 24; location and severity did not appear to affect this outcome.

Conclusion

Residual IRF was associated with worse vision outcomes, regardless of location/severity, whereas, despite continued treatment, residual SRF was not associated with worse vision outcome at 24 months, regardless of location/thickness. These data suggest complex relationships between residual fluid, severity, and vision.
The size dependency of foraging behaviour: an empirical test performed on aquatic amphipods
Authors: Cozzoli Francesco , Shokri Milad , Boulamail Sarah , Marrocco Vanessa , Vignes Fabio , Basset Alberto
Published: June 2022

The behavioural choices made by foragers regarding the use of resource patches have a direct influence on the energy balance of the individual. Given that several individual traits linked to the acquisition of spatially distributed resources increase with body size (e.g., energy requirements, resource ingestion rates, and movement capacity), it is reasonable to expect size dependencies in overall foraging behaviour. In this study, we tested how body size influences the number, duration, and frequency of foraging episodes in heterogeneous resource patches. To this end, we performed microcosm experiments using the aquatic amphipod Gammarus insensibilis as a model organism. An experimental maze was used to simulate a habitat characterised by resource-rich, resource-poor, and empty patches under controlled conditions. The patch use behaviour of 40 differently sized specimens foraging alone in the experimental maze was monitored via an advanced camera setup. Overall, we observed that individual body size exerted a major influence on the use of resource patches over time. Larger individuals had stronger preference for the resource-rich patches initially and visited them more frequently than smaller individuals, but for shorter periods of time. However, larger individuals subsequently decreased their use of resource-rich patches in favour of resource-poor patches, while smaller individuals continued to prefer resource-rich patches for the whole experimental time. With body size being a key organismal trait, our observations support the general understanding of foraging behaviours related to preference, patch use, and abandonment.
Automatic detection of the mental state in responses towards relaxation
Authors: Sagastibeltza Nagore , Salazar-Ramirez Asier , Martinez Raquel , Jodra Jose Luis , Muguerza Javier
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, considering society’s highly demanding lifestyles, it is important to consider the usefulness of relaxation from the perspective of both psychology and clinical practice. The response towards relaxation (RResp) is a mind-body interaction that relaxes the organism or compensates for the physiological effects caused by stress. This work aims to automatically detect the different mental states (relaxation, rest and stress) in which RResps may occur so that complete feedback about the quality of the relaxation can be given to the subject itself, the psychologist or the doctor. To this end, an experiment was conducted to induce both states of stress and relaxation in a sample of 20 university students (average age of $$25.76\pm 3.7$$

25.76
±
3.7

years old). The electrocardiographic and electrodermal activity signals collected from the participants produced a dataset with 1641 episodes or instances in which the previously mentioned mental states take place. This data was used to extract up to 50 features and train several supervised learning algorithms (rule-based, trees, probabilistic, ensemble classifiers, etc.) using and not using feature selection techniques. Besides, the authors synthesised the cardiac activity information into a single new feature and discretised it down to three levels. The experimentation revealed which features were most discriminating, reaching a classification average accuracy of up to $$94.01\pm 1.73$$

94.01
±
1.73

% with the 6 most relevant features for the own-collected dataset. Finally, being restrictive, the same solution/subspace was tested with a dataset referenced in the bibliography (WESAD) and scored an average accuracy of $$90.36\pm 1.62$$

90.36
±
1.62

%.
Partially regular weak solutions of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations in dimension 6
Authors: Wu Bian
Published: June 2022

By using defect measures, we prove the existence of partially regular weak solutions to the stationary Navier-Stokes equations with external force $$f \in L_{\text {loc}}^q \cap L^{3/2}, q>3$$

f
∈

L

loc

q

∩

L

3
/
2

,
q
>
3

in general open subdomains of $${\mathbb {R}}^6$$

R

6

. These weak solutions satisfy certain local energy estimates and we estimate the size of their singular sets in terms of Hausdorff measures. We also prove the defect measures vanish under a smallness condition, in contrast to the nonstationary Navier-Stokes equations in $${\mathbb {R}}^4 \times [0,\infty [$$

R

4

×

[
0
,
∞
[

.
Tourismus, freizeitorientierte Migration und Wohnimmobilienmarktentwicklung
Authors: Kors Theresa , Steiner Christian , Rainer Gerhard , Zirkl Frank
Published: June 2022

Der extreme Preisanstieg von Wohnimmobilien in intensiv touristisch geprägten ländlichen Orten verschärft sozioökonomische Disparitäten und stellt politische Entscheidungsträger*innen vor raumplanerische Herausforderungen. Anhand des Fallbeispiels der Alpendestination Garmisch-Partenkirchen zielt der Artikel zunächst darauf ab, ein besseres Verständnis über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Tourismus- und Wohnimmobilienmarktentwicklungen in touristischen Klein- und Mittelstädten zu schaffen. In einem zweiten Schritt gehen wir der Frage nach, welche Folgen diese Dynamiken für eine (sozial) nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung mit sich bringen. Die Fallstudie zeigt, dass der Zuwachs von Ferienwohnungsangeboten von privaten und institutionellen Investoren angetrieben wird. Sie nutzen die erzielbare Rendite aus einer kurzfristigen Vermietung von Ferienwohnungen, um ihre Immobilien in Zeiten von stark steigenden Bau- und Grundstückspreisen finanzieren zu können, was sich wiederum preissteigernd auf den Wohnungsmarkt auswirkt. Der Zugang zu bezahlbarem Wohnraum für Personen mit geringem Kapital erschwert sich und verschärft die Gefahr der Verdrängung von (touristischen) Arbeitskräften, deren Lohnniveau nicht mit den Preissteigerungen im Immobilienmarkt mithält.
Zeckendorf representation of multiplicative inverses modulo a Fibonacci number
Authors: Alecci Gessica , Murru Nadir , Sanna Carlo
Published: June 2022

Prempreesuk, Noppakaew, and Pongsriiam determined the Zeckendorf representation of the multiplicative inverse of 2 modulo$$F_n$$Fn, for every positive integernnot divisible by 3, where$$F_n$$Fndenotes thenth Fibonacci number. We determine the Zeckendorf representation of the multiplicative inverse ofamodulo$$F_n$$Fn, for every fixed integer$$a \ge 3$$a≥3and for all positive integersnwith$$\gcd (a, F_n) = 1$$gcd(a,Fn)=1. Our proof makes use of the so-called base-$$\varphi $$φexpansion of real numbers.
Patterns and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in women
Authors: Diab Jason , Moore Mark H.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Facial trauma in women is complex with physical, psychosocial, and cultural influences impacting clinical presentations. Although multifactorial, assaults and falls are principally reported as the main causes.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted from January 2012 to January 2017 at the Women and Children’s Hospital and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide. All maxillofacial fractures in women that attended or were referred to the unit were included in this study. The primary objective was to analyse epidemiological trends of facial fractures and clinical outcomes in the South Australian female population.

Results

There is a bimodal distribution of facial fractures at 25–35 years and 65 + years. Indigenous females were 19.5 years younger than non-indigenous females (30.5 vs 49.9, P < 0.001). Approximately half the cohort had a fall-related facial fracture, followed by assault (26.2%), and sports (10.3%). There was a higher proportion of non-alcohol-related trauma from assaults than alcohol-related assaults (72.5% vs 27.5%, P < 0.001). Over half (58.0%) of the cohort had a midface fracture. The elderly had increased odds of 1.9 fold for facial fractures in winter, largely from falls, compared to younger women. Associated injuries were present in almost half the elderly women with 2.6 times the risk compared to younger women. Younger women had higher incidences of surgical intervention (52.6% vs 14.3%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Young women disproportionately experience larger incidences of non-alcohol-related assaults requiring operative intervention of the mandible, whereas elderly women principally suffer fall-related facial fractures with higher rates of associated injuries.
Sum of squares generalizations for conic sets
Authors: Kapelevich Lea , Coey Chris , Vielma Juan Pablo
Published: June 2022

Polynomial nonnegativity constraints can often be handled using the sum of squares condition. This can be efficiently enforced using semidefinite programming formulations, or as more recently proposed by Papp and Yildiz (Papp D in SIAM J O 29: 822–851, 2019), using the sum of squares cone directly in an interior point algorithm. Beyond nonnegativity, more complicated polynomial constraints (in particular, generalizations of the positive semidefinite, second order and $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-norm cones) can also be modeled through structured sum of squares programs. We take a different approach and propose using more specialized cones instead. This can result in lower dimensional formulations, more efficient oracles for interior point methods, or self-concordant barriers with smaller parameters.
Pilonidal sinus disease: a 25-year experience and long-term results of different surgical techniques
Authors: Bubenova Maria , Mittlboeck Martina , Kulinna-Cosentini Christiane , Teleky Bela , Cosentini Enrico
Published: June 2022

Background

The incidence of pilonidal disease is increasing. The choice of surgical approach differs between surgeons and countries. With better understanding of the etiology of the disease, there is a shift toward more successful concepts of treatment. In many cases, management can be challenging owing to the number of previous failed operations.

Objective

The aim of this retrospective single-center cohort study was to compare recurrence rates and postoperative wound complications between five treatment arms.

Methods

A total of 299 patients who underwent surgery for pilonidal disease between November 1994 and May 2019 were included. Primary endpoint was time to recurrence, secondary endpoint was wound care complication rate.

Results

Median follow-up was 85.8 months in 286 patients. An overall recurrence rate of 16.1% was observed at 24 months, 21.4% at 60 months, and 47.4% at 303 months; 24 months postoperatively, there was a range from 10.5% for excision with primary midline closure to 30.0% for the Bascom I procedure. Recurrence in excision with primary midline closure was 71.8% 268 months postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the five groups (p = 0.54). The highest prevalence of wound complications (46.3%) was in excision with midline closure. Cox regression showed that previous pilonidal operations are an independent prognostic factor for developing recurrence (p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that previous pilonidal operations have a significant predictive value for developing postoperative wound complications (odds ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval [1.61–10.18]; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

In order to improve surgical outcomes, emphasis should be given to adoption of techniques with high success rates.