bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Institutional Integration
Authors: Mattlin Mikael
Published: November 2005

With a view to developing a future research agenda in integration studies, this article derives five theoretical integration constellations from empirical cases with varying combinations of economic dependence and shared identification: symmetric and weak symmetric integration, two types of asymmetric integration and no integration. Asymmetric integration is defined as a situation in which either political/institutional integration is extensive amid a low degree of structural economic integration (Type I), or, there is extensive structural economic integration without any political/institutional integration (Type II). Type II, represented by Taiwan/People's Republic of China, appears theoretically the most interesting and is therefore examined in more detail for whether strong economic dependence by itself conceivably can be a sufficient background condition for political integration despite a lack of shared identification. Based on the analysis, several future research questions are developed. Do structural and institutional integration tend to converge over time, bringing about a more symmetric integration constellation? If that is so, which constellation of initial background conditions is more conducive to produce symmetric integration? Is approximate symmetricity between the background conditions shared identification and economic dependence a prerequisite for smooth integration?
Gloria in a multitude of voices
Authors: Olsson Birger
Published: November 2005

This article reconstructs a Hebrew version of the Gloria in Luke 2: 14 with its focus on the righteous remnant of Israel and then analyses the early versions in Greek, Latin, Syriac and Coptic. Finally it gives some later interpretations of the canticle in literature, art and music.
Preaching Through Narrative
Authors: King Rosemary
Published: November 2005

Using story-telling as the medium for conveying a message was a method favoured by the Jewish prophetic and Rabbinical traditions, and, supremely, by Jesus himself. This article draws on the writer’s own experiments with this medium to explore some of the implications, advantages and risks of preaching through narrative.
Benevolent Intent? The Development Encounter in Kenya's Horticulture Industry
Authors: Dolan Catherine S.
Published: November 2005

This article examines the trajectory of development policy and practice through the case of the Kenyan export trade of fresh produce. It traces how African labor, particularly women's labor, has been harnessed and restructured by three models of development: (1) the neoliberal prescriptions for agricultural diversification and contract farming; (2) the post-Washington consensus of pro-poor growth; and (3) the Corporate Social Responsibility movement of the late 20th century. While each model offers different approaches to improving Kenyan lives, they are united by a common intent to bring African labor into the fold of modernity, as both object and instrument of development. Drawing on fieldwork conducted among smallholders and waged employees, the article advances two arguments: (1) the construction and outcome of horticulture development is founded on, and contingent upon, gendered forms of labor; and (2) the exercise of trusteeship has been central to each model as international financial agencies and non-governmental organizations steward the ‘development’ of the African laborer. The article contends that all models cast the Kenyan worker as someone to be developed, be it through rural development, integration into a global workforce, or incorporation into a universal system of social justice.
The Reproductive Effects of Family Planning Programs in Rural Ghana: Analysis by Gender
Authors: Benefo Kofi D. , Pillai Vijayan K.
Published: November 2005

This article examines the effect of family planning programs on reproductive attitudes and contraceptive use behaviors. It aims to investigate the degree to which family planning programs enable Africans to shift to western contraceptive use from traditional and null contraceptive practices. It also examines the impact of the programs for both men and women. Data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, the 1988–99 Ghana Living Standards Survey, and the 1988 Ghana Population Census are used. Categorical data analysis techniques are used to analyze these data. This study finds that access to family planning services is associated with reduced family size preferences, increased approval of family planning, and knowledge of, and desire to use, contraception among both men and women in rural Ghana. As Ghana, like many parts of rural Africa, is a highly underdeveloped and pro-natalist area, this article concludes that family planning programs have the ability to influence reproductive attitudes and behavior, even under conditions of limited development.
Application of Wave Propagation Analysis for Damage Identification in Composite Laminated Beams
Authors: Lestari Wahyu , Qiao Pizhong
Published: November 2005

Interpretation of data measurement is a major challenge for the development of a reliable and effective diagnostic system. This paper presents the experimental results of a proposed damage identification candidate based on the Lamb wave propagation analysis. From the measured time history data of the propagating wave, the traveling time, speed reduction, and wave attenuation parameters are extracted and used as the damage identification variables. Piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) are used as the wave transmitters and receivers. Carbon-epoxy-laminated composite beam specimens with various types of damage, i.e., delamination, saw cut, and impact damage, are evaluated. Post-processing of the recorded signals using wavelet transform allows the isolation of the interested propagation mode and the extraction of the traveling time, which enhance the accuracy of damage localization. The technique is capable of locating the damages and evaluating the damage magnitude. Further, the classification of damage types in the composite structures is recognized and deduced from the examination of the wave propagation pattern after interaction with damages. This study provides the location and experimental wave propagation profiles of three different damages in composite beams (i.e., delamination, saw cut, and impact damage).
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic and Other Studies of Polyaniline-Montmorillonite Intercalates
Authors: Rajapakse R. M. G. , Tennakoon D. T. B. , Perera J. S. H. Q. , Bandara W. M. A. T. , Krishantha D. M. M.
Published: November 2005

A series of nanocomposites of polyaniline-montmorillonite have been prepared in which polyaniline is present within the interlayers as well as adsorbed onto the external surfaces of the clay particles (i.e., emeraldine salt-montmorillonite, ES-MMT series). The composite materials show uniform texture as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The ES-MMT members show high electronic conductivities. Under the identical conditions of sample preparation, the d-spacing enhancement upon the polymer intercallation is the same regardless of whether the polymer is present only within intergalleries or both inside and outside the intergalleries. The FTIR studies reveal that the OH stretching in the Al-Mg-OH infrared band appearing at 840cm-1 disappears upon polymer loading. Since the OH in Al-Mg-OH moieties are directed outward from the hexagonal cavities, this effect may be attributed to the interaction between the clay particles and the polymer that is present adsorbed to clay surfaces. The polymer present within the intergalleries influences strongly on the 0-H vibrations, which are directing inward to the intergalleries. Cyclic voltammetric studies reveal that the electroactivity of the composite material is limited by the accessibility of solution species into the intergalleries in a diffusion-controlled manner. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies reveal that the ES-MMT members have both electronic and ionic conductivities with similar transport numbers even when the polymer is in its fully electronically conducting state. Four different and mutually independent techniques used to characterize the composites give strong evidence to confirm that there is a limit to the repetitive polymer loading within the intergalleries of the clay particles. The limited interspacing with all repeated polymer loading may be due to the saturation of all ion-exchangeable sites of montmorillonite by the cations of the polymer.
Influence of Twin-Screw Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites
Authors: Alvarez V. , Iannoni A. , Kenny J. M. , Vazquez A.
Published: November 2005

In order to evaluate the effect of processing conditions, composites of MaterBi-Y matrix with 15wt% sisal fibers are obtained with different temperature profiles and speeds of rotation of the screw, using a twin-screw extruder. Three different temperature profiles are selected. The speeds of rotation are 25, 60, and 80 rpm. The samples are obtained by compression at 180°C and 700 MPa for 10 min. The mechanical properties of composites increase when the rotation speed changes from 25 to 60rpm and then decreases. Fiber breakage increases with rotational speed, but aspect ratio increases too. Increased modulus with fiber aspect ratio is easily understood because longer fibers carry more tensile loads as a result of increase in transfer length. The decrease in the mechanical properties at a high rotational speed can be due to the degradation of the matrix. The impact properties increase when temperature increases. The decrease in impact properties at temperatures above 185°C can be due to the thermal decomposition of the material.
Mechanisms of Damage Formation in Transversely Impacted Glass-Epoxy Bonded Lap Joints
Authors: Kim Hyonny , Kayir Tulin , Mousseau Stephanie L.
Published: November 2005

Adhesively bonded glass-epoxy lap joints are transversely impacted in order to determine the modes of damage resulting from out-of-plane impacts to the overlap region and to identify mechanisms by which damage formation occurs. Impacts over an energy range of 10-50 J are produced using a low-velocity, highmass drop weight tower. Woven glass-epoxy joints bonded together with an epoxy adhesive film are tested. Localized debonding is observed for lower energy impacts in the region surrounding the impact point. These debonds, attributed to the transverse shear stress developed within the adhesive, are typically circular and concentric to the impact point, and can exist in the absence of debonds growing from the joint free edges (overlap boundaries). Debonds growing from the free edges initiate at the backside of the specimen (i.e., away from the impact side) where tensile peel stress in combination with shear stress causes failure of the adhesive at this location. Finite element analysis is used to determine the stresses that develop in the adhesive during impact, and to corroborate experimentally based conclusions on the mechanisms of damage formation. For bonded joint impacts, it is possible to experimentally establish damage threat thresholds at which impact damage initiates. Such thresholds are important for joint design, and also when making decisions related to the maintenance and repair of composite bonded joints. This is an important safety feature of bonded composite structures since partial joint-width debonding can occur at moderate impact energy levels, and the resulting damage is difficult (perhaps impossible) to detect by visual inspection.
Analysis of Mode I Interlaminar Fracture and Damage Behavior of GFRP Woven Laminates at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Sumikawa Mayumi , Shindo Yasuhide , Takeda Tomo , Narita Fumio , Takano Satoru , Sanada Kazuaki
Published: November 2005

The interlaminar fracture and damage behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) woven laminates at cryogenic temperatures has been investigated theoretically and numerically. The corrected beam theory and finite element analysis (FEA) have been used to calculate the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens at room temperature, liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), and liquid helium temperature (4 K). The effect of temperature on the Mode I IFT was investigated. A FEA coupled with damage was also employed to study the damage distributions within the specimen and to examine the effect of damage on the Mode I energy release rate. The corrected beam theory or FEA shows good agreement with the previous experimental compliance of the DCB specimen. The numerical results show that damage causes a decrease in the energy release rate. This work is the first application of failure criteria (Hoffman criterion and maximum strain criterion) to the analysis of the cryogenic behavior of woven laminate DCB specimens.
Who judges? Democracy and the dilemmas of multiculturalism
Authors: Lima María Herrera
Published: November 2005

Among the many interesting problems considered in this book, I will center my commentary on two issues: (1) on the role of narrative reconstructions as an alternative to objectivist accounts of culture; (2) on the implications of her proposed reformulation of discourse ethics as interactive universalism for the dilemmas of multiculturalism. On the question of the dialogical-narrative reconstructions of identity, a combination of perspectives of participants as well as of external observers is suggested, instead of a shift from the latter to the former. On the more difficult question of the political, legal and moral implications for democratic theory of forms of rational accommodation of cultural differences, I will consider the problem of justification of morality under conditions not only of radical cultural differences but of asymmetries in power and resources among the participants, which seem to present a problem for a model that presupposes a cooperative engagement and free uncoerced consent from all involved.
Communicative freedom, citizenship and political justice in the age of globalization
Authors: Mendieta Eduardo
Published: November 2005

Seyla Benhabib’s The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era (2002), is considered in terms of three main virtues: first, it moves the question of political justice beyond the debate on the priority of recognition over distribution; second, it contributes to the expansion of the notion of communicative freedom and how it relates to rights; and third, it lays down the foundation for a cosmopolitan, post-nationalistic, form of citizenship that would have as its core the rights of association and existence. Three areas of concern and potential disagreement are discussed: first, whether Benhabib could be accused of a type of culturalism that celebrates too quickly postethnic America at the expense of the agenda of racial justice still to be addressed in the United States; second, whether in this work Benhabib has given enough attention to the political claims of memory, especially when these claims are enunciated from colonial pasts; third, in conclusion, how cultural justice, or respect for cultural diversity, can contribute to biodiversity’s preservation in the age of the coming largest extinction of biodiversity.
Beyond interventionism and indifference
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: November 2005

The aim of The Claims of Culture is to reconcile the many discontents of late modern culture with a continuing commitment to liberal democracy. It does so in face of the separation of the value-spheres of ethics and aesthetics, theology and law, brought about by nature and cognitive rationalism. This led Max Weber to warn that a consequent search for the old gods, allied to the longing for their transcendent power, would lead to a retreat from democracy in the form of a charismatic politics of leadership. Following Max Weber, I emphasize the intrinsic fluidity and heterogeneity of cultural narratives. Responding to the comments of María Herrera Lima, James Bohman and Eduardo Mendieta, this article addresses the common theme of cosmopolitanism and global citizenship.
Caring discourse
Authors: Ruiz Blanca Rodríguez
Published: November 2005

The ethic of care has often been opposed to the ethic of justice as offering a different and even a contradictory approach to moral problems. This article argues that, from the perspective of the discourse ethic, both approaches are complementary in a very fundamental sense, since each one applies to one of two stages of moral reasoning that are as different as they are interconnected. It argues, in particular, that while justice is concerned with the justification and elaboration of norms, care is concerned with finding a solution for specific moral situations. The article then places considerations of care at the centre of ideal discourse and subordinates the importance of rational understanding and moral justification to intuitive communication.
From difference to the solidarity of others
Authors: Min Anselm K.
Published: November 2005

In recent years postmodernism has been increasingly emphasizing difference to the point of rejecting anything resembling nature and essence out of fear of oppression and exclusion and for the sake of justice and liberation. In this article I argue that precisely for the sake of justice and liberation difference must be ‘sublated’ – in the Hegelian sense – into the solidarity of the different or others and that such solidarity requires a basis more enduring and more universal than the contingent coincidence of interests shared by members of temporary coalitions. I make this argument by criticizing Derrida and such feminists as Iris Marion Young and Linda Nicholson on philosophical, historical, and strategic grounds. Philosophically, we need solidarity as much as we need difference. Historically, our contemporary challenge is not so much how to appreciate difference as how to find ways of living together for all our differences. Strategically, no group can effect its own liberation without solidarity with other groups. I also reconstitute a concept of human nature on the basis of a synthesis of classical objectivity and modern historicity and disclose solidarity as an essential characteristic of human nature itself that only needs activation, not invention, in the united struggle for justice and liberation.1
Autonomous versus Merged Marketing Departments: The Impact of Current Department Structure and Previous Restructuring Experience on Faculty Perceptions
Authors: Neese William T. , Batory Stephen S.
Published: November 2005

This study details faculty perceptions concerning administrative structure and its impact on issues such as collegiality or student success. Faculty members in autonomous marketing departments are compared with those in combined units. Then, faculty never involved with departmental change are compared with faculty previously involved splitting marketing into an autonomous unit, those with merger experience, and those who have experienced both a split and merger. Participants currently housed in autonomous marketing departments and individuals who have never experienced any departmental change are most satisfied with their department structure. Individuals with merger experience and those in combined departments are least satisfied.
Debating the Issues: A Tool for Augmenting Critical Thinking Skills of Marketing Students
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Macchiette Bart
Published: November 2005

The case for enhancing critical thinking as an integral part of the marketing curriculum through the debate process is presented. Linkages between critical thinking, debate, and the marketing curricula are examined in the context of desired student outcomes and learning skills. The role of the professor in planning and facilitating the debate is then discussed. Adapting formal debate procedures and formats to the marketing curriculum are considered. The criteria for selection, a process for choice, sources, and examples of actual issues are discussed with suggestions for preparing students for the debate process. Finally, guidelines for evaluation are generated for recognizing critical thinking through the debate experience.
Local Ecologies and Global Science
Authors: Kwa Chunglin
Published: November 2005

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), a large international research programme, served to set the research agenda of a number of environmental sciences around the issue of global warming and global change. This paper examines the impact of the interdisciplinary cooperation within the IGBP on ecology and the ecologists’ response. Ecology was an integral part of the IGBP from the beginning, yet it was sometimes in uneasy cohabitation with the other sciences involved. The issues of global warming and global change posed opportunities and challenges to ecology. They posed opportunities because an important cause emerged, with promises of exciting new (space) technologies and new funds for the environmental sciences. They posed challenges, because by aligning itself to sciences that study the earth system as a whole, ecology was invited implicitly to bracket its focus on the specificity of local ecosystems, that is, to give up ecology’s traditional focus on field studies of plant and animal communities. My aim in this paper is to place the opportunities that global change research offered to ecology in the context of changes within the field that were already underway. Power relationships between disciplines did not give ecology an upper hand vis-à-vis the other earth sciences, but ecologists were able nevertheless to redefine subtly the notion of the global.
Scaling Up and Down
Authors: Yaneva Albena
Published: November 2005

How do architects imagine, see and define a distant object that is meant to become a building? How does it become knowable, real? To answer these questions, I follow architects as they fabricate models and scale them up and down at different rates of speed. Instead of being a logical, linear procedure for generating a new object that becomes progressively more knowable, ascending from the abstract to the concrete, scaling is a versatile rhythm, relying on surges, ‘jumps’ and returns. By focusing on the most frequently repeated moves such as ‘scaling up’, ‘jumping the scale’, ‘scaling down’, and describing their cognitive implications, I depict how architects involve themselves in a comprehensive dialogue with materials and shapes. Their material dialogue takes into account dispositions, resistance, stability and other properties that change proportionally with scale. In the scaling venture, two alternative states of the building are simultaneously achieved and maintained: a state of being ‘less-known’, abstract and comprehensive; and a state of being ‘more-known’, concrete and detailed. After multiple up and down transitions between small- and large-scale models, the building emerges, becomes visible, material and real. These scaling trials bring the building into existence.
Finding the Lost Book of the Law: Re-reading the Story of ‘The Book of the Law’ (Deuteronomy–2 Kings) in Light of Classical Literature
Authors: Stott Katherine
Published: November 2005

This article reconsiders the much discussed story of ‘the book of the law’ in 2 Kings 22–23, along with the various other references to this lawbook in the so-called ‘Deuteronomistic History’. While there has been a tendency within modern scholarship to read 2 Kings 22–23 from an historical perspective and to assume that ‘the book of the law’ was an actual book that is to be identified in some way with the book of Deuteronomy, certain commentators prefer to understand references to ‘the book of the law’ as serving a rhetorical purpose in their narrative context. This article argues that a rhetorical understanding of these references receives additional support from comparison with classical literature, where stories about lost and found documents are widely used as a literary ploy to bolster the credibility of the texts within which they appear.
Love at First Sight? David, Jonathan, and the Biblical Politics of Gender
Authors: Peleg Yaron
Published: November 2005

This article presents an alternative queer reading of the relationship between David and Jonathan in 1 and 2 Samuel, and suggests looking at the relationship between the two men not as homosexual but as heterosexual, as the attraction and love between David, who performs the role of a man, and Jonathan, who performs the role of a woman. This study argues that the text seeks to justify David’s rise to power not only by discrediting Saul on political and religious grounds, but also by undermining the eligibility of Jonathan as the king’s successor through a subtle manipulation of gender roles. This article shows how, in order to justify the termination of the Kish dynasty, the text sexualizes the relations between Jonathan and David, and then destabilizes these relations until it finally reverses them to portray Jonathan as David’s ‘female bride’. The article concludes that by describing him as passive and effeminate the text does not suggest that Jonathan is ‘homosexual’ but rather that he is a ‘woman’, and, as such, unqualified for kingship according to the ancient, Israelite tradition.
Ethics and Holiness in the Theology of Leviticus
Authors: Cothey Antony
Published: November 2005

Leviticus itself appears to be unaware that any distinction can or needs to be drawn between ethical and cultic demands, but allowing, for the moment at least, that such a distinction can be applied to the text we can ask whether cultic and ethical obligations merely coexist as two sorts of requirement that Yahweh has imposed, or whether they are linked by some inner connection. To what extent are cultic and ethical requirements complementary, and to what extent is there tension and perhaps even conflict between them?
A Comparison of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone and Bone-Hamstring Tendon-Bone Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Matsumoto Akio , Yoshiya Shinichi , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Yagi Masayoshi , Iwasaki Yasunobu , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: November 2005

Background

Most of the previous comparative studies between patellar tendon and hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament grafts compared grafts of different constructs fixed with different methods.

Purpose

To compare patellar tendon and hamstring tendon grafts with the same fixation method used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament.

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods

During the reconstructive procedure, the hamstring tendon graft was prepared as a bone-hamstring-bone graft; both bone-patellar tendon-bone and bone-hamstring-bone grafts were fixed with interference screws. Eighty consecutive patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomly assigned to either bone-patellar tendon-bone or bone-hamstring-bone groups. Follow-up examinations were performed for at least 5 years postoperatively. Seventy-two of the 80 patients (37 patients in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group and 35 in the bone-hamstring-bone group) were evaluated, with a mean follow-up period of 87.0 and 80.8 months, respectively. Follow-up examinations were performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee knee ligament standard and subjective knee forms.

Results

The mean KT-1000 arthrometer evaluation results showed no significant difference between the bone-patellar tendon-bone and bone-hamstring-bone groups (1.2 ± 2.1 mm and 1.7 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P =. 24). However, symptoms related to graft harvest (anterior kneeling pain) were more frequently observed in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, and unsatisfactory results were correlated with severe kneeling pain in 3 patients from this group (P =. 0056). Significant hamstring muscle weakness without complaint of functional deficit was found in the bone-hamstring-bone group (P =. 0045).

Conclusion

Bone-hamstring-bone grafts were shown to reduce the risk of problems at the graft harvest site compared to bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts, with comparable results in the remaining clinical parameters tested.
Operative Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Insufficiency of the Elbow in Female Athletes
Authors: Argo David , Trenhaile Scott W. , Savoie Felix H. , Field Larry D.
Published: November 2005

Background

As women become more involved in athletic activity, injuries specific to this population also increase. No data exist regarding operative treatment of female patients with elbow instability secondary to ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency.

Hypothesis

Women with symptomatically unstable elbows who failed nonoperative treatment will improve after surgical intervention.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

Nineteen women were retrospectively evaluated using the Andrews and Carson Elbow Outcome Score. Patients were included if they underwent repair or reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament for symptomatic instability that precluded them from participation in their desired sport or activities, despite nonoperative treatment.

Results

The mean age was 22.0 years (range, 15.1-37.2 years). The mean follow-up was 38.8 months (range, 12.4-68.6 months). Of the 19 patients, 14 were softball players, gymnasts, and tennis players. Only 1 was a pitcher. Eighteen women underwent repair by one of the following procedures: plication (n = 6), repair to bone using anchors (n = 11), or drill holes (n = 1). One patient underwent a palmaris graft reconstruction. The mean overall preoperative outcome score of 120 improved to 191 postoperatively (P< .0001). Seventeen of 18 athletes were able to return to their sport at a mean of 2.5 months postoperatively. One patient did not participate in athletics.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated excellent overall results in 16 and good results in 3 female patients after medial elbow repair or reconstruction. Women appear to be able to consistently return to a high level of function after repair or reconstruction for medial elbow instability.
The Effects of Plyometric versus Dynamic Stabilization and Balance Training on Lower Extremity Biomechanics
Authors: Myer Gregory D. , Ford Kevin R. , McLean Scott G. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: November 2005

Background

Neuromuscular training that includes both plyometric and dynamic stabilization/balance exercises alters movement biomechanics and reduces ACL injury risk in female athletes. The biomechanical effects of plyometric and balance training utilized separately are unknown.

Hypothesis

A protocol that includes balance training without plyometric training will decrease coronal plane hip, knee, and ankle motions during landing, and plyometric training will not affect coronal plane measures. The corollary hypothesis was that plyometric and balance training effects on knee flexion are dependent on the movement task tested.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Eighteen high school female athletes participated in 18 training sessions during a 7-week period. The plyometric group (n= 8) performed maximum-effort jumping and cutting exercises, and the balance group (n = 10) used dynamic stabilization/ balance exercises during training. Lower extremity kinematics were measured during the drop vertical jump and the medial drop landing before and after training using 3D motion analysis techniques.

Results

During the drop vertical jump, both plyometric and balance training reduced initial contact (P= .002), maximum hip adduction angle (P= .015), and maximum ankle eversion angle (P= .020). During the medial drop landing, both groups decreased initial contact (P= .002) and maximum knee abduction angle (P= .038). Plyometric training increased initial contact knee flexion (P= .047) and maximum knee flexion (P= .031) during the drop vertical jump, whereas the balance training increased maximum knee flexion (P= .005) during the medial drop landing.

Conclusion

Both plyometric and balance training can reduce lower extremity valgus measures. Plyometric training affects sagittal plane kinematics primarily during a drop vertical jump, whereas balance training affects sagittal plane kinematics during single-legged drop landing.

Clinical Relevance

Both plyometric and dynamic stabilization/balance exercises should be included in injury-prevention protocols.
Kinematics and Kinetics of Elite Windmill Softball Pitching
Authors: Werner Sherry L. , Jones Deryk G. , Guido John A. , Brunet Michael E.
Published: November 2005

Background

A significant number of time-loss injuries to the upper extremity in elite windmill softball pitchers has been documented. The number of outings and pitches thrown in 1 week for a softball pitcher is typically far in excess of those seen in baseball pitchers. Shoulder stress in professional baseball pitching has been reported to be high and has been linked to pitching injuries. Shoulder distraction has not been studied in an elite softball pitching population.

Hypothesis

The stresses on the throwing shoulder of elite windmill pitchers are similar to those found for professional baseball pitchers.

Study Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods

Three-dimensional, high-speed (120 Hz) video data were collected on rise balls from 24 elite softball pitchers during the 1996 Olympic Games. Kinematic parameters related to pitching mechanics and resultant kinetics on the throwing shoulder were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to relate shoulder stress and pitching mechanics.

Results

Shoulder distraction stress averaged 80% of body weight for the Olympic pitchers. Sixty-nine percent of the variability in shoulder distraction can be explained by a combination of 7 parameters related to pitching mechanics.

Conclusion

Excessive distraction stress at the throwing shoulder is similar to that found in baseball pitchers, which suggests that windmill softball pitchers are at risk for overuse injuries. Normative information regarding upper extremity kinematics and kinetics for elite softball pitchers has been established.
Effects of Knee Flexion Angles for Graft Fixation on Force Distribution in Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts
Authors: Miura Kazutomo , Woo Savio L.-Y. , Brinkley Ragan , Fu Yin-Chih , Noorani Sabrina
Published: November 2005

Background

In double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, overloading either 1 of the 2 grafts should be avoided to decrease the risk of graft failure.

Hypothesis

Overloading of the posterolateral graft may occur when it is fixed at 30 ° of knee flexion because the posterolateral bundle is elongated as the knee approaches extension.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Ten human cadaveric knees were tested at (1) intact, (2) anterior cruciate ligament–deficient, (3) double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the anteromedial and posterolateral grafts fixed at 60 ° of flexion and full extension, respectively (fixation 60/FE), and (4) double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with both grafts fixed at 30 ° of flexion simultaneously (fixation 30/30). Two external loading conditions simulating clinical examinations were used: (1) 134-N anterior tibial load and (2) combined rotatory loads of 10 N·m valgus and 5 N·m internal tibial torques. Data on knee kinematics and in situ forces in the 2 bundles of the intact anterior cruciate ligament and the respective grafts were obtained.

Results

In response to 134-N anterior tibial load, knee kinematics and in situ force in the grafts were similar to the intact knee for both fixation protocols. The force in the anteromedial graft for fixation 60/FE was 34% higher, whereas the posterolateral graft for fixation 30/30 was 46% higher, compared with the intact anteromedial and posterolateral bundles, respectively. In response to combined rotatory loads, the posterolateral graft for fixation 30/30 carried 67% higher load than did the intact posterolateral bundle.

Conclusion

Fixation 30/30 overloaded the posterolateral graft, whereas fixation 60/FE overloaded the anteromedial graft.

Clinical Relevance

In double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, even though overall forces in the graft are the same as intact anterior cruciate ligament, the force distributions may not be the same as the intact bundles, and overloading of 1 of the 2 grafts may occur.
Flight Plans for Development: Aviation Investments and Outputs in Nine Metropolitan Regions, 1990 to 2002
Authors: Nunn Samuel
Published: November 2005

Airports form the logistical core of metropolitan areas, improve economic development potential of regions, and are required to meet the demand for aviation services and to purchase increases in airport outputs. This study examines the relationship between aviation investments and outputs that might be affected by such investments. Nine metropolitan regions (five in the Midwest and four in other regions exhibiting economic success) are examined. The nine areas invested in aviation at different rates between 1990 and 2002 and generated aviation outputs linked to these investments. Midwestern regions spent more on aviation infrastructure than did the other regions, apparently purchasing more plane, passenger, and cargo activity. In several regions, aviation investments in the early 1990s might have increased selected aviation outputs in the late 1990s. The metropolitan regions with successful economic performance exhibited lower rates of aviation investment. The findings question whether large aviation investments are necessary for economic success.
Public and Private Universities: Unequal Sources of Regional Innovation?
Authors: Hegde Deepak
Published: November 2005

Public universities occupy a unique place in the R&D system of the United States because of their state-controlled missions, sources of funding, and administrative structures. State governments preferentially support public university research that benefits local industry to stimulate regional innovation-based economic development. This article hence examines the geographic distribution of university patent citations during the years 1975 to 2000 to test if public university research spillovers are more likely to be localized at the state level as compared to those of private universities. The author finds little evidence in support of this hypothesis but a positive association between the quality of academic research and localization of resulting spillovers. Public universities should emphasize research quality as a means of fulfilling their regional innovation commitments.
Getting on or getting by?
Authors: Hyman Jeff , Scholarios Dora , Baldry Chris
Published: November 2005

Recent speculation about the impact on family life of contemporary patterns of work has prompted considerable and concerted social research activity in which the workplace and household have figured prominently. This article extends these studies to examine employment in prototypical new sectors of the economy, namely call centres and software, which at the time of the study were enjoying spectacular growth. Employees in both sectors reported spillover from work to home, though the extent, nature and intensity of spillover varied significantly between the sectors. The study identified the different and hitherto unexplored ways in which employees in these different sectors attempt to cope with complex articulations between home and work, and the varying resources which they bring to bear in doing so. Contemporary work settings indicate little change from more established sectors in that gender, status and labour market strength are important factors in offering work boundary discretion.
Shop-floor workers’ responses to quality management initiatives
Authors: Glover Linda , Noon Mike
Published: November 2005

Quality management (QM) is now a mainstream management initiative, but few researchers have explored worker experiences of it. An exception is found in the work of Edwards et al. (1998) who make an important contribution by offering the ‘disciplined worker thesis’ (meaning that workers prefer an ordered and disciplined work environment over disorganization or chaos) as a basis for explaining why workers may respond positively to QM initiatives, despite finding that these often require extra effort. We explore the utility of this concept by reference to empirical data from two detailed case studies. We found the disciplined worker thesis to be substantive but not comprehensive, in that it leaves some inexplicable results. In particular it does not capture the non-work factors that shaped workers responses to QM initiatives. As a result, we suggest that the conceptual remit of the disciplined worker thesis could usefully be enlarged to incorporate ‘orientations to work’.
Managers after the era of organizational restructuring
Authors: Martin Bill
Published: November 2005

Managers’ careers and career orientations have changed significantly since the era of organizational change that began around 20-30 years ago. This article focuses on how managers have responded to these changes. It suggests a significant change in the kinds of ‘capital’ that managers mobilize, and the uses to which they put it. At least some managers now mobilize a form of ‘social capital’ in the form of reputations that are grounded in informal networks. However, this reputational capital can be difficult to stabilise and therefore risky to hold. Managers therefore attempt to convert it into wealth - economic capital. The article illustrates these arguments using interview data from a longitudinal study of Australian managers.
Recruiting a self
Authors: Dean Deborah
Published: November 2005

Discussion of aesthetic labour has largely been confined to areas of interactive service work. However, current criteria for the presence of aesthetic labour have long been part of the labour process of performers and in an unusually overt and accepted way. Here, embodied characteristics are explicitly rewarded or marginalized. Much of the entertainment industry is predicated on recruitment based on physical characteristics and in this article empirical research with women performers working in theatre and television in the UK is used to extend ideas on issues around aesthetic labour.
‘Partnership’ and new industrial relations in a risk society
Authors: Lucio Miguel Martinez , Stuart Mark
Published: November 2005

The article argues that the concept of risk should be at the heart of any discussion on partnership-based approaches to employment relations. It draws attention to two sets of organizational-related risk - distributive risks, related to material and environmental factors and exchanges, and political risks, related to organizational practices and legitimacy. These risks are shown to emerge from both exogenous and endogenous forces, and to have become more problematic because of the macro political and socio-economic context of workplace change. Given this changing context of risk, we argue that ‘new’ partnership relations between labour and management are fundamentally unstable. We contend that the concept of risk has to be approached in a much more explicit, focused and subtle manner than is apparent in the current debate on partnership, if we are to understand the challenges and contradictions underpinning the emergence of new industrial relations systems.
Pregnant with anticipation
Authors: Whannel Garry
Published: November 2005

Since television sport reached its mature form around the start of the 1980s, formal conventions have remained relatively constant. The containing of the live event within the show format, with its preview, intermediate discussion and post-mortem; the slow motion repetition of moments of peak excitement from multiple angles; the post-action interviews; are familiar elements in the television sport lexicon. Foregrounding of stars appears un-exceptional, a routinized element in celebrity culture, in which fashion, glamour, fitness, gossip, Hollywood cinema, lifestyle television and sports stadia converge. Indeed it is difficult to imagine the cultural form of sport before television became its defining medium. This article examines sporting moments, performers and performances which, although subsequently acquiring iconic status, emerged in the dawn of television sport, and analyses the threshold moment of liminality in which ‘television sport’ was formed. It concludes with a warning about the problems posed by reconstruction of the past.
Experiencing globalization
Authors: Kim Youna
Published: November 2005

Based on ethnographic research in South Korea, thisarticle aims to detail the specific ways in which the cultural experience of globalization impinges upon, and becomes integrated into, the changing lives of young women of different classes. The central arguments revolve around the significance of reflexivity: global TV, in particular, helps to create an important condition for the practice of reflexivity, by opening up a rare space where Korean women can make sense of their life conditions in highly critical ways and can imagine new possibilities of freedom – social mobility and individualization – within the multiple constraints of their social context. The imagination of freedom is however bounded by the pervasive main concept governed by local rules – sexual morality – which means young women's lives are made and remade through the dialectical negotiation between the locally governed rules and the globally defined fields of possibility.
Representing cultural diversity in a global context
Authors: Message Kylie
Published: November 2005

In Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, the cultural diversity project has its roots in the multiculturalism and biculturalism of the 1970s, the political and civil, ethnic unrest experienced in the 1980s, and the pedagogical shift in the 1990s that saw a rejection of the more traditional museum and its historical commitment toward an array of singular or non-compromising representations of identity. Connected to a movement toward a new, possibly hybrid, and definitely transcultural globalization that has been driven by an increased understanding of the interplays between nation and region, the past 10 years have been especially important in regard to recentralizing identity politics; and where, on the one hand, we have seen debate over the interrelationships governing culture, politics, sovereignty and the museum, there has also been a concurrent shift in cultural policy to embrace localized models and examples of the cultural centre or eco-museum. In this article, I consider the ways that the National Museum of Australia (2001) and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (1998) have attempted at some level to both maintain the representational authority of multiculturalism and biculturalism as their respective governing policies, and yet also integrate or facilitate the potentially competing concept of globalization that is projected by the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity(2001).
Cultural Perspectives : The South Korean Chief Negotiator
Authors: Song Yong-Jin , Hale Claudia L. , Rao Nagesh
Published: November 2005

The focus of this article is on the role and approach of the South Korean chief negotiator in business negotiations. A total of 114 negotiators (87 survey participants and 27 interviewees) participated in this research. We compare the picture that emerged of the contemporary South Korean chief negotiator with the traditional teachings of Confucianism and the cultural values of Korea. Overall, the results of our analysis depict the chief negotiator as highly focused, adaptable, and articulate, and as being shaped more by the expectations of modern business practices than by traditional teachings and influences. The character traits of the chief negotiator, identified as primary for success, are the ability to articulate, be patient, and being bi-cultural. The role and power of the chief negotiator are also discussed.