bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling of bacterial transcriptome from ultra‐low input with MiniBac‐seq
Authors: Wang Tianmin , Shen Ping , Chai Ruochen , He Yihui , Liu Jintao
Published: August 2022

There is a lack of appropriate methods for preparing bacterial RNA‐seq library with ultra‐low amount of RNA. To address this issue, we developed miniBac‐seq, a strand‐specific method for high‐quality library construction from sub‐nanogram of total RNA, which is 100‐fold lower than the current benchmark kit and dramatically reduces preparation cost ($28 + $15 × samples). We further demonstrated the high sensitivity of miniBac‐seq via detecting more than 500 genes from amount of total RNA equivalent to that of a single bacterial cell. Finally, we profiled the transcriptome of growth‐arrested bacteria in isogenic culture of Escherichia coli. This subpopulation of bacteria is generally low in abundance but is a potent reservoir of antibiotic persistence, and their gene expression has been largely unknown due to technical limitations. Using miniBac‐seq, we identified potential molecular driver towards arrested growth as well as antibiotic tolerance. Our method thus expands the capacity to quantify bacterial transcriptome in situ, which is useful to the understanding of bacterial physiology and regulation in their native contexts.
Redefining the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of phylum Omnitrophota
Authors: Perez‐Molphe‐Montoya Eugenio , Küsel Kirsten , Overholt Will A.
Published: August 2022

The candidate phylum Omnitrophica—recently termed Omnitrophota, and originally known as OP3—is an understudied bacterial clade that has primarily been found in aquatic ecosystems. To characterize the diversity and ecology of this phylum, we reconstructed 55 Omnitrophota metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from a well‐characterized groundwater system within central Germany and placed them within the context of publicly available genomes. Seven clades were identified, four of which contained novel genomes obtained from our groundwater system. All clades exhibited the capacity for type IV pili, type II secretion systems, glycogen storage, and carbohydrate degradation. Only the characterized Cand. Omnitrophus magneticus genome exhibited functions associated with magnetosome construction. Clades were characterized by sets of traits rather than unique pathways, which were then used to infer ecological strategies. These lifestyles consisted of mixotrophs, obligate fermenters, and versatile respiratory heterotrophs. Patterns in 16S rRNA gene amplicons from a 6 years, monthly sampled groundwater time‐series dataset reflected the persistent and widespread occurrence of Clade 7 Wood–Ljungdahl utilizing mixotrophs and highlight this group as a core member of the groundwater community. Overall, this study uncovered, characterized, and contextualized the metabolic and phylogenetic diversity within phylum Omnitrophota, and predicts that environmental populations may mediate both nitrogen and sulfur cycling, along with organic matter production and degradation within aquatic ecosystems.
Whose policy uncertainty affects commodity trade between Australia and the United States?
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Nouira Ridha , Saafi Sami
Published: August 2022

Recent studies are assessing the impact of news‐based policy uncertainty measure on trade flows between countries. In this paper we add to this new literature by investigating the symmetric and asymmetric effects of Australian policy uncertainty index and the U.S. index on trade flows of 63 two‐digit industries that trade between the two countries. When we estimated a symmetric and linear model for each industry, we found short‐run effects of both uncertainty measures on 30% of the industries' trade flows. However, this number increased to 70% when an asymmetric and nonlinear model was estimated. The long‐run effects of both policy uncertainty followed similar pattern. Less than 10% of trade was affected by the estimates of the linear models. However, estimates of the nonlinear models predicted that 41.20% (26.53%) of the U.S. exports to Australia was affected by the U.S. uncertainty (Australian uncertainty). As for the Australian exports to the United States, 6.72% (5.5%) of its exports were affected by the changes in the U.S. policy uncertainty (Australian uncertainty). In almost all industries, increased uncertainty was found to hurt the trade and decreased uncertainty was found to boost it at different rate or asymmetrically. In sum, the U.S. and Australian policy uncertainty measure affects U.S. exports to Australia much more than they affect Australian exports to the United States.
Company and the mysteries of a dugout canoe
Authors: Pina‐Cabral João
Published: August 2022

This article examines the mysterious side of ‘company’, a fundamental aspect of human existence, exemplifying it with an ethnographic vignette about a dugout canoe in the mangroves of southern Bahia (Northeast Brazil). Inspired by Kant's proposal concerning aspects of world, the article distinguishes company both from empathy and from community, as distinct registers of human sociality. Being in company necessarily engages more than two persons inhabiting a common space; it involves an intersubjective encounter that has implications not only for what we do, but also for who we are and where we are. As they emerge into personhood from within company, persons necessarily experience the presence of third parties as a possible threat, inevitably giving rise to contradictory emotions: there is as much fear and conflict as peace within company, for it brings together entities with divergent interests and combines persons and objects in the world. The article addresses the way in which companionship engages power relations, by reference both to gender and to control over land.
Hot air‐assisted radio frequency drying of grated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): Drying behavior and the associated effect on characteristics of potato flour
Authors: Kemal Ezgi , Özbek Hatice Neval , Göğüş Fahrettin , Yanık Derya Koçak
Published: August 2022

In this study, drying of grated potato in a hot air‐assisted radio frequency system (HA‐RF) and the associated effects on the final potato flour quality were studied. The drying behavior of the grated potatoes at different electrode distances (70–90 mm) and sample thickness (2–4 cm) was investigated. The safe drying (without burning tendency) of the maximum amount of sample (1000 g) in a reasonable drying time was carried out at 80 mm of electrode gap and 4 cm of sample thickness. HA‐RF drying kinetics were studied and compared with hot air (HA) and radio frequency (RF) (without hot air) drying methods. HA‐RF drying increased drying rate and shortened drying time by about 58% and 70% compared to HA and RF drying, respectively. The properties of the final potato flour obtained after HA‐RF drying were also compared with those produced by RF, HA, and freeze drying. The flour obtained by HA‐RF was superior to RF and HA dried samples with better retention of cellular microstructure and color. The drying method significantly affected the functional properties, thermal characteristics, pasting properties, and other characteristics of potato flours.

Practical Application

HA‐RF as an alternative drying technology was used for the first time to produce potato flour. The functional, thermal, and structural properties of the HA‐RF dried product were compared with those dried by HA, RF, and freeze drying. The results of this study ensured very useful information for the use of potato flour obtained by different drying methods in the development of products with specific functional and rheological properties.
Global shocks and international policy coordination
Authors: Goyal Ashima , Pal Rupayan
Published: August 2022

We show as emerging markets (EMs) size crosses a threshold it is in advanced economies (AEs) own interest to reduce negative spillovers to EMs. It follows the potential for international cooperation in macroeconomic and prudential policy increases. But entrenched perceptions and historical advantages are obstacles. These blocks are explored as well as possibilities in macroeconomic policies and in prudential regulation. Export of capital is a major way AEs earn a share in EM income. AE macroeconomic policy and volatile capital outflows from AEs are a source of negative spillovers for EMs, but preventive prudential regulation is not adequate in AEs. More regulation is likely to reduce short‐term returns to capital flows but not long‐term, since with fewer crises both AE and EM income streams would rise. Moreover, there is some evidence excess capital flow volatility has adverse effects on AEs themselves. It follows universal macro‐prudential polices would benefit both country groups.
Correlates of optimism among patients in substance use disorder inpatient treatment
Authors: Provost Scott E. , Griffin Margaret L. , Hilton Blake T. , McHugh R. Kathryn , Taghian Nadine R. , Trinh Catherine D. , Weiss Roger D.
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

Early recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is often characterized by hopelessness and despair about the future. Optimism, or the expectation that good things will happen, may provide a buffer against despair, and motivate adaptive goal engagement and coping. Study objectives were to (1) compare levels of optimism among individuals in substance use disorder inpatient treatment to other populations and (2) examine correlates of optimism.

Methods

This exploratory study utilized a cross‐sectional survey design. Participants (n = 355) completed self‐report measures assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The main variable of interest, optimism, was assessed by Life Orientation Test‐Revised scores. Multivariate regression was used to examine the association among sociodemographic and clinical variables and optimism.

Results

Our sample (n = 342) scored lower on optimism (mean = 11.7) than general population and SUD patients reported in the literature (range = 13.0–18.5). Optimism was higher for SUD inpatients who were college‐educated and those with higher scores on the recovery protection factor, while greater anxiety severity was associated with lower optimism scores.

Conclusions and Scientific Significance

This study contributes to emerging research on the association between optimism and SUDs. Optimism has not been previously studied among patients in acute, short‐term inpatient SUD treatment and doing so may be clinically useful in addressing low optimism as an obstacle to motivation for treatment. Bolstering optimism may be a promising target for intervention and future research.
Sectoral wage gaps and gender in rural India†
Authors: Merfeld Joshua D.
Published: August 2022

Using detailed monthly household panel data from rural India, I analyze sectoral wage gaps for men and women. I show that the wage gap across the non‐farm and farm sectors is much higher for women than for men. Relative to men, women also work less time in non‐farm wage employment than in farm wage employment. Taken together, these findings suggest that constraints are preventing women from reallocating their time to more remunerative wage employment opportunities. Women are less likely to work outside of their own village in the non‐farm sector, yet the wage gap is driven by higher caste and married women. These results are consistent with a lack of local non‐farm employment opportunities interacting with barriers to labor mobility for women but not men.
Does Affective Polarization Undermine Democratic Norms or Accountability? Maybe Not
Authors: Broockman David E. , Kalla Joshua L. , Westwood Sean J.
Published: August 2022

Scholars warn that affective polarization undermines democratic norms and accountability. They speculate that if citizens were less affectively polarized, they would be less likely to endorse norm violations, overlook copartisan politicians’ shortcomings, oppose compromise, adopt their party's views, or misperceive economic conditions. We advance reasons to doubt that affective polarization influences political choices. We support this argument with five experiments that manipulate citizens’ affective polarization with multiple approaches. We then trace the downstream consequences of manipulating citizens’ affective polarization, such as their reactions to information about their actual representatives in Congress. In our experiments (total N = 12,341), we “rewind” the equivalent of three decades of change in affective polarization but find no evidence that these changes influence many political outcomes, only general questions about interpersonal attitudes. Our results suggest caution when assuming that reducing affective polarization would meaningfully bolster democratic norms or accountability.
Defining complexity in anaesthesia: description and validation of the Oxford Anaesthetic Complexity (OxAnCo) score
Authors: Ridgeon E. , Wilson K. , Wilkinson D. , Douglass P. , Elrefaey A.
Published: August 2022

Increasing demand for surgery and anaesthesia has created an imperative to manage anaesthetic workforce and caseload. This may include changes to distribution of cases amongst anaesthetists of different grades, including non‐physician anaesthetists. To achieve this safely, an assessment of case complexity is essential. We present a novel system for scoring complexity of cases in anaesthesia, the Oxford Anaesthetic Complexity score. This integrates patient, anaesthetic, surgical and systems factors, and is different from assessments of risk. We adopted an end‐user development approach to the design of the score, and validated it using a dataset of anaesthetic cases. Across 688 cases, the median (IQR [range]) complexity score was 19 (17–22 [15–33]). Cases requiring a consultant anaesthetist had a significantly higher median (IQR [range]) score than those requiring a senior trainee at 22 (20–25 [15–33]) vs. 19(17–21 [15–28]), p < 0.001. Cases undertaken in a tertiary acute hospital had a significantly higher score than those in a district general hospital, the median (IQR [range]) scores being 20 (17–22 [15–33]) vs. 17 (16–19 [17–28]), p < 0.001. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed good prediction of complexity sufficient to require a consultant anaesthetist, with area under the curve of 0.84. Any rise in complexity above baseline (score > 15) was strongly predictive of a case too complex for a junior trainee (positive predictive value 0.93). The Oxford Anaesthetic Complexity score can be used to match cases to different grades of anaesthetist, and can help in defining cases appropriate for the expanding non‐physician anaesthetist workforce.
Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor type II interacts and functionally cooperates with GATA4 to regulate anti‐Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 transcription in mouse MA‐10 Leydig cells
Authors: Mehanovic Samir , Pierre Kenley Joule , Viger Robert S. , Tremblay Jacques J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Leydig cells produce testosterone and insulin‐like 3, two hormones essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive function. The orphan nuclear receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor type II (COUP‐TFII), and the zinc finger factor GATA4 are two transcription factors involved in Leydig cell differentiation, gene expression, and function.

Objectives

Several Leydig cell gene promoters contain binding motifs for both GATA factors and nuclear receptors. The goal of the present study is to determine whether GATA4 and COUP‐TFII cooperate to regulate gene expression in Leydig cells.

Materials and methods

The transcriptomes from GATA4‐ and COUP‐TFII‐depleted MA‐10 Leydig cells were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Functional cooperation between GATA4 and COUP‐TFII, and other related family members, was assessed by transient transfections in Leydig (MA‐10 and MLTC‐1) and fibroblast (CV‐1) cell lines on several gene promoters. Recruitment of GATA4 and COUP‐TFII to gene promoters was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Co‐immunoprecipitation was used to determine whether GATA4 and COUP‐TFII interact in MA‐10 Leydig cells.

Results

Transcriptomic analyses of GATA4‐ and COUP‐TFII‐depleted MA‐10 Leydig cells revealed 44 commonly regulated genes including the anti‐Müllerian hormone receptor type (Amhr2) gene. GATA4 and COUP‐TFII independently activated the Amhr2 promoter, and their combination led to a stronger activation. A GC‐rich element, located in the proximal Amhr2 promoter was found to be essential for GATA4‐ and COUP‐TFII‐dependent activation as well as for the COUP‐TFII/GATA4 cooperation. COUP‐TFII and GATA4 directly interacted in MA‐10 Leydig cell extracts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that GATA4 and COUP‐TFII are recruited to the proximal Amhr2 promoter, which contains binding sites for both factors in addition to the GC‐rich element. Cooperation between COUP‐TFII and GATA6, but not GATA1 and GATA3, was also observed.

Discussion and conclusion

Our results establish the importance of physical and functional cooperation between COUP‐TFII/GATA4 in the regulation of gene expression in MA‐10 Leydig cells, and more specifically the Amhr2 gene.
Inclusive LGBTQ+ fieldwork: Advancing spaces of belonging and safety
Authors: Zebracki Martin , Greatrick Aydan
Published: August 2022

Increasing everyday levels of LGBTQ+ phobia and other forms of identity‐based prejudice reveal the need for systematic attention across the versatile geographic discipline to the belonging and safety of LGBTQ+ field researchers. Through an expanded reflection on Bracken and Mawdsley's (2004) account ‘“Muddy glee”: Rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork’ (Area, 36, pp. 280–286), we consider the major issues – including forms of discrimination, exclusion and, sometimes, violence – that LGBTQ+ researchers (and more widely fieldworkers engaging LGBTQ+ communities) encounter at different stages of field research. We pursue a critical dialogue with opportunities and limitations provided by field, disciplinary as well as home institutional contexts and practices, including ethics and risk assessments, codes of conduct and support levels (or rather their deficiencies).
Comprehensive proteomic analysis reveals dynamic phospho‐profiling in human early erythropoiesis
Authors: Peng Yuanliang , Tang Li , Li Yanan , Song Jianhui , Liu Hong , Wang Pan , Zhong Zhizhou , Yang Yifei , Wang Shihui , Chen Lixiang , Zhang Ji , Zhang Shijie , Wang Zi , Li Min , Liang Long , Liu Jing
Published: August 2022

Normal early erythropoiesis depends on the precise regulation of protein expression and phosphorylation modification. Dysregulation of protein levels or modification contributes to erythroid disorders. To date, the dynamics of protein phosphorylation profiling across human erythroid development is not fully understood. Here, we characterized quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling by tandem mass‐tagging technology. We systemically built phospho‐expression profiling and expression clusters of 11 414 phosphopeptides for human early erythropoiesis. The standardization methods for multitier integrative analyses revealed multiple functional modules of phosphoproteins (e.g., regulation of the G2/M transition) and active phosphorylated signalling (e.g., cell cycle‐related pathways). Our further analysis revealed that CDK family members were the main kinases that phosphorylate substrates in erythroid progenitors and identified that CDK9 played an important role in the proliferation of erythroid progenitors. Collectively, our phosphoproteomic profiling, integrative network analysis and functional studies define landscapes of the phosphoproteome and reveal signalling pathways that are involved in human early erythropoiesis. This study will serve as a valuable resource for further investigations of phosphatase and kinase functions in human erythropoiesis and erythroid‐related diseases.
Northeast Greenland: ice‐free shelf edge at 79.4°N around the Last Glacial Maximum 25.5–17.5 ka
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Pearce Christof , Andresen Katrine Juul , Nielsen Tove , Seidenkrantz Marit‐Solveig
Published: August 2022

The size of the last glacial ice sheet on the Northeast (NE) Greenland shelf and its interaction with ocean circulation have been the subject of debate. Here we provide insights into the extent of the ice sheet around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and investigate timing and strength of changes in the flow of Atlantic Water. The study is based on a multiproxy investigation of a marine sediment core, gravity core DA17‐NG‐ST01‐019G, from 323‐m water depth at the NE Greenland shelf edge at 79.4°N. We present benthic and planktic foraminiferal distribution data, AMS‐14C dates, sedimentological (ice‐rafted debris (IRD) and grain sizes), and geochemical (XRF) data in combination with geophysical (sub‐bottom profiler) data. The oldest sediments at the study site are dated to 25.5–17.5 ka, encompassing the time frame from the beginning of the LGM to the early deglaciation. This part is overlain by sediments from the late deglaciation and Holocene. The deposits dating from the LGM are very rich in both planktic and benthic foraminifera and macrofossils of excellent preservation. The faunas show that the site generally was affected by a strong flow of relatively warm subsurface Atlantic Water during the LGM and Early Holocene. Conditions turned more polar with cold bottom water flow in the Middle–Late Holocene (c. 7.5 ka to Recent) with presence of mainly agglutinated benthic foraminiferal species. Our data from the LGM also indicate that the deposits were mixed by iceberg scouring, confirmed by the geophysical data showing extensive ploughing of the sediments on the outer shelf area. The results further indicate that the Greenland Ice Sheet did not reach to the edge of the NE Greenland shelf at 79.4°N during the LGM 24–18 ka.
Time to be cool: open liquid-nitrogen cryosurgery for low-risk superficial basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Hunt William Thomas Nicholas , Nelson Toby G.
Published: August 2022

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: A THESIS questionnaire survey of UK endocrinologists
Authors: Younes Younes R. , Perros Petros , Hegedüs Laszlo , Papini Enrico , Nagy Endre V. , Attanasio Roberto , Negro Roberto , Field Benjamin C. T.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Management of hypothyroidism is controversial because of medication cost pressures and scientific uncertainty on how to address treatment dissatisfaction experienced by some patients. The objective was to investigate the experience and preferences of UK endocrinologists in use of thyroid hormones.

Design

Web‐based survey.

Patients

UK endocrinologists were invited to participate.

Measurements

Responses to questionnaire.

Results

The response rate was 21% (272/1295). While levothyroxine monotherapy is regarded as the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism, 51% of respondents stated that combined treatment with levothyroxine and liothyronine could be considered for levothyroxine‐treated patients whose symptoms persist despite normalisation of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. However, only 40% are currently prescribing such treatment, and just 23% would consider taking it themselves. A small minority prescribe desiccated thyroid extract, and those most likely to do so are aged over 60 years. Most respondents stated that they have no influence over brand or formulation of levothyroxine dispensed to their patients and expect no major differences in efficacy between different formulations. A total of 9% would prescribe levothyroxine for euthyroid enlarging goitre, and 29% for euthyroid female infertility with high titre thyroid peroxidase antibodies, despite recent trials finding no benefit.

Conclusions

UK endocrine practice in management of hypothyroidism is broadly in line with international guidance. However, a minority of respondents would consider thyroid hormone supplementation in euthyroid individuals for female infertility, enlarging goitre, and other indications in which evidence of efficacy is lacking. Willingness to consider prescribing combined levothyroxine and liothyronine, for hypothyroid symptoms which persist despite normalised TSH, has increased in comparison to previous international surveys, despite inconsistent evidence of benefit.
Telemedicine and delivery of ophthalmic care in rural and remote communities: Drawing from Australian experience
Authors: Kiburg Katerina V. , Turner Angus , He Mingguang
Published: August 2022

Rural and remote communities in Australia are characterised by small but widely dispersed populations. This has been proven to be a major hurdle in access to medical care services with screening and treatment goals repeatedly being missed. Telemedicine in ophthalmology provides the opportunity to increase the availability of high quality and timely access to healthcare within. Recent years has also seen the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology, particularly in the screening of diseases. AI will hopefully increase the number of appropriate referrals, reduce travel time for patients and ensure timely triage given the low number of qualified optometrists and ophthalmologists. Telemedicine and AI has been introduced in a number of countries and has led to tremendous benefits and advantages when compared to standard practices. This paper summarises current practices in telemedicine and AI and the future of this technology in improving patient care in the field of ophthalmology.
A Heterotopology of Urban Margins: Publicness in the Space of the City
Authors: Wallace Yvonne , Stalcup Meg
Published: August 2022

Urban marginality is generally considered through the lens of exclusion. Policing and public policies, underpinned by private NIMBY (not‐in‐my‐backyard) attitudes and actions, aim to remove marginalized individuals from urban spaces. Yet they remain and are visible. As such, individuals across the urban margins share in publicness, which is the connection between strangers unique to cities borne from their visibility to one another. We suggest that publicness provides the terrain for an impactful mode of urban study, one which attends to the transitory encounters that anthropology has traditionally tried to transform and thicken. The ways in which individuals perform when they are visible in public displays something of how they understand themselves in relation to others, a form of mutual subjectification in which we as researchers are also implicated. Drawing on fieldwork in Ottawa, Ontario, with individuals who use drugs and individuals who panhandle, we analyze urban margins as other spaces and publicness as other relations using Foucault’s concept of heterotopia. This resulting heterotopology shows a different version of marginality in the city in which urban margins are not separate from but connected to the urban experience.
Two parallel chromosome‐level reference genomes to support restoration and aquaculture of European flat oyster Ostrea edulis
Authors: Bean Tim P. , Tanguy Arnaud , Peñaloza Carolina , Gundappa Manu Kumar , Boutet Isabelle , Houston Ross D. , Macqueen Daniel J. , Boudry Pierre
Published: August 2022

This volume of Evolutionary Applications sees the publication of two genomes for the European native flat oyster Ostrea edulis, a species of significant evolutionary, ecological and commercial value. Each is a highly contiguous chromosome‐level assembly from individuals of different genetic backgrounds, which have been benchmarked against one another. This situation has resulted from the serendipitous discovery that two independent research groups were both deep into the process of building, annotating and investigating separately produced assemblies. Due to constraints with funder requirements and the need to recognize early career researchers for their work, alongside the technical challenge of integrating assemblies from two very different genomes, there was limited capacity to merge the sequences into one publication at the stage of discovery. This issue is likely to become very common over the next few years until the technologies for working with multiple genomes at once, for example, graph genomes, become commonplace in nonmodel species. Consequently, both of our teams have decided to collaborate rather than compete, recognizing the benefit to copublishing two separate genome resources for the research community, each with distinct scientific investigations, and working collaboratively to benchmark the assemblies.
‘KEINE ZEIT ZU VERLIEREN’: TIME AND CARE IN INGEBORG BACHMANN'S ‘DAS GEBELL’ AND DAS BUCH FRANZA
Authors: Jeremiah Emily
Published: August 2022

This article explores the handling of time and care in two works by Ingeborg Bachmann: the short story ‘Das Gebell’ and the uncompleted novel Das Buch Franza. It argues that care and time are linked in the works, in a manner that echoes the thinking of Lisa Baraitser (Enduring Time). ‘Das Gebell’ offers a critique of masculinist models of time and puts forward a feminist ethics of care. Das Buch Franza points up the difficulty and ambivalence involved in care, as it traces the complex dynamic between a brother and a sister. Both texts explore the fascism that lurks beneath heterosexual relationships, in line with Karen R. Achberger's view that one theme runs throughout Bachmann's works: ‘the constant state of war’. This war is gendered in complex ways. Through her works, Bachmann complicates and enhances theories of submission and domination such as that developed by Jessica Benjamin (The Bonds of Love), the texts themselves forming sites of protest and transformation.
Minerals explained 62
Authors: Brooks Kent
Published: August 2022

Eudialyte is a mineral unfamiliar to most people. This is likely to change in the near future, as this mineral is of increasing economic importance. Eudialyte is now known to be one of a group that has grown in number to a remarkable extent in recent years, and eudialytes are index minerals for a specific category of igneous rocks and are repositories for elements, such as the rare earths, which have become increasingly critical to modern technology. The eudialyte group now comprises about 50 members of which about 29 members are fully recognized, and exploitation of eudialyte group minerals will soon be a reality. The mineral's name comes from Greek: Eu διάλυτος, meaning ‘well decomposable’—a reference to the fact that, unlike the highly refractory zircon (the common source of zirconium), eudialyte is soluble in common acids, making it relatively cheap to work.
A patient with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm treated with ultrasound‐guided injection of an exogenous lyophilized human fibrin sealant
Authors: Gao Xuejing , Xiong Ying , Wan Ziming
Published: August 2022

A femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (FAP) is a serious complication of arterial injury. It can cause compression of the surrounding nerves and tissues, rupture and bleeding of the aneurysm, and formation and dislodgement of thrombi, and can lead to distal limb embolism, tissue necrosis, and infection. Computed tomography angiography and ultrasonography are the preferred techniques for diagnosis of FAP. This report describes the successful treatment of an FAP using an ultrasound‐guided percutaneous intracavitary injection of a lyophilized human fibrin sealant. This treatment was safe, associated with minimal pain and complications, and clinically effective.
Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: a multi‐institutional clinicopathologic study of 90 cases with emphasis on grading and prognostic factors
Authors: Xu Bin , Viswanathan Kartik , Umrau Kavita , Al‐Ameri Thair A. D. , Dogan Snjezana , Magliocca Kelly , Ghossein Ronald A. , Cipriani Nicole A. , Katabi Nora
Published: August 2022

Background

Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a rare form of salivary carcinoma that was first described in 2010 and is characterized by ETV6::NTRK3 fusion in most cases. In this large retrospective study, we aimed to identify adverse clinicopathologic factors and propose a prognostically relevant grading scheme for SC.

Methods

A detailed clinicopathologic review was conducted on 90 SCs from the major and minor salivary glands.

Results

The median age at presentation was 50 years (range: 7–93). Sixty‐nine (77%) tumours originated from major salivary glands, whereas the remaining 21 involved minor salivary glands.Six cases (7%) had cervical nodal metastasis. Only lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was associated with a risk of nodal metastasis (P < 0.05). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 98% and 87%, respectively. On univariate survival analysis, adverse prognostic factors associated with decreased DFS included minor salivary gland origin, atypical mitosis, high mitotic index, high‐grade transformation (HGT), necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, infiltrative tumour border, fibrosis at the invasive front, LVI, positive margin, and advanced pT stage (P < 0.05). When adjusted for pT stage and margin status, mitotic index, LVI, nuclear pleomorphism, and HGT remained as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

We therefore propose a two‐tiered grading system for SC. The low‐grade SC is defined as those with <5 mitoses /10 high‐power fields and no tumour necrosis, and high‐grade SC as those with ≥5 mitoses /10 high‐power fields and/or necrosis. This proposed grading system can be useful to risk stratify patients with SC for appropriate clinical management.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in patients with genotypic NRTI resistance
Authors: Shafran Stephen D. , Hughes Christine A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is approved for treatment of HIV without known resistance to its components. Several studies have demonstrated efficacy of B/F/TAF in patients with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs), mainly identified by proviral DNA testing, but data on the efficacy of B/F/TAF in patients with NRTI RAMs identified in viraemic plasma are limited.

Methods

We used a retrospective analysis of patients receiving B/F/TAF identified by searching electronic health records with eligibility confirmed by review of individual patient records. Patients included were ≥ 18 years, had 2019 International Antiviral Socitey‐USA (IAS‐USA) major RAMs affecting NRTIs detected in viraemic plasma prior to starting B/F/TAF and one or more HIV viral load (VL) after starting B/F/TAF.

Results

In all, 50 patients met the study criteria: mean age of 54 years, mean proximal CD4 count of 609 cells/μL, 64% male. A total of 46 were virologically suppressed (< 200 copies/mL) when B/F/TAF was initiated, two were treatment‐naïve, one stopped prior antiretroviral therapy (ART) and one had a VL of 961 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL on ART. Twenty‐nine had one NRTI RAM (24 were M184V/I), nine had two NRTI RAMs, three had three NRTI RAMs, four had four NRTI RAMs, two had five NRTI RAMs, one had six NRTI RAMs, one had seven RAMs and one had eight NRTI RAMs. At the last VL on B/F/TAF, a mean of 18.6 months after starting B/F/TAF, 49 out of 50 had VL < 100 copies/mL and one had a VL of 208 copies/mL at 11 months but only filled 5 months of B/F/TAF.

Conclusions

B/F/TAF was effective in maintaining HIV VL suppression in patients with previously documented NRTI RAMs without integrase resistance.
Early‐life exposure to tobacco and childhood adiposity: Identifying windows of susceptibility
Authors: Moore Brianna F. , Kreitner Kimberly J. , Starling Anne P. , Martenies Sheena E. , Magzamen Sheryl , Clark Maggie , Dabelea Dana
Published: August 2022

Background

Early‐life exposure to tobacco is associated with obesity, but the most susceptible developmental periods are unknown.

Objective

To explore windows of susceptibility in a cohort of 568 mother–child pairs.

Methods

We measured seven measures of tobacco exposure (five self‐reported and two biomarkers) spanning from pre‐conception to age 5 years. Mothers self‐reported active smoking (pre‐conception, 17 weeks, and delivery) and household smokers (5 and 18 months postnatally). Cotinine was measured in maternal urine (27 weeks) and child urine (5 years). Adiposity (fat mass percentage) was measured at birth and 5 years via air displacement plethysmography. Using a multiple informant approach, we tested whether adiposity (5 years) and changes in adiposity (from birth to 5 years) differed by the seven measures of tobacco exposure.

Results

The associations may depend on timing. For example, only pre‐conception (β = 3.1%; 95% CI: 1.0–5.1) and late gestation (β = 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.4–7.6) exposures influenced adiposity accretion from birth to 5 years (p for interaction = 0.01). Early infancy exposure was also associated with 1.7% higher adiposity at 5 years (95% CI: 0.1–3.2). Mid‐pregnancy and early childhood exposures did not influence adiposity.

Conclusions

Pre‐conception, late gestation, and early infancy exposures to tobacco may have the greatest impact on childhood adiposity.
Effect of technological and digital learning resources on students' soft skills within remote learning: The mediating role of perceived efficacy
Authors: Lousã Eva P. , Lousã Mário D.
Published: August 2022

The study analyses the effects of the technological and digital learning resources (DLRs) on the development of students' soft skills (SSk) in remote learning, mediated by the perceived efficacy of students in this modality of education. The study employed a survey research method, and the data were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire. Participants included 637 students experiencing remote learning during the second COVID‐19 lockdown in the north of Portugal (between 1 and 15 March 2021). The structural equation modelling analysis technique tested the hypothesized model. The study showed that technological and DLRs were strongly interconnected. The results supported our hypotheses, evidencing that, in remote learning, the adequacy of DLRs had a direct effect on the development of SSk, presenting the efficacy perceived by the students as a mediator of this relationship. The study demonstrated that, with the experience of remote learning, students perceived the development of their SSk, which is consistent with the literature review we carried out. Implications of these findings are discussed, considering the literature on technology‐mediated learning and the development of human resources SSk in the context of the digital transition.
Clinicopathological features of adrenal malignancies: Analysis of hospital‐based cancer registry data in Japan
Authors: Chihara Ichiro , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kandori Shuya , Kojo Kosuke , Sano Keisuke , Hamada Kazuki , Tanuma Kozaburo , Tsuchiya Haruki , Shiga Masanobu , Sakka Shotaro , Kimura Tomokazu , Kawahara Takashi , Hoshi Akio , Negoro Hiromitsu , Kojima Takahiro , Bryan Mathis J , Okuyama Ayako , Higashi Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

Objective

To identify the clinicopathological features of adrenal malignancies and analyze the prognoses of patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) and malignant pheochromocytoma (MPCC).

Patients and methods

We used a hospital‐based cancer registry data in Japan to extract cases of adrenal malignancies that were histologically confirmed, diagnosed, and initially treated from 2012–2015. For survival analysis, we used data from the 2008–2009 cohort to estimate 5‐year overall survival (OS) by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

A total of 989 adrenal malignancies were identified in the 2012–2015 cohort. The most common histologies were ACC (26.4%), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 25.4%), neuroblastoma (22.2%), and MPCC (11.9%). While most ACC and MPCC patients were in their 60s, DLBCL patients accounted for 61.5% of adrenal malignancies in the over‐70 cohort. Among ACC patients with clinical staging data, 46.3% of patients were stage IV. Although surgery was a chief strategy for all stages, younger patients tended to receive combination therapy, including surgery and chemotherapy or hormone therapy. In the 2008–2009 cohort, the 5‐year OS rates of ACC (n = 49) and MPCC (n = 23) patients were 56.2% and 86.4% while ACC patients without surgery had 1‐ and 2‐year OS rates of 25.0% and 12.5%.

Conclusion

In Japan, DLBCL accounted for the majority of adrenal malignancies in older patients. Despite advanced staging, ACC patients were mainly treated with surgery and their prognosis was not satisfactory. Such epidemiological data may be useful in considering initial management strategies.
User accounts on received diabetes and mental health care in a Danish setting – An interview study
Authors: Zabell Vicki , Arnfred Sidse Marie , Høgsgaard Ditte , Gæde Peter Haulund , Rønne Sabrina Trappaud , Jørgensen Rikke
Published: August 2022

People with coexisting type 1 and 2 diabetes and mental illness have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population, among other reasons due to unregulated diabetes. One explanation might be the complexity of managing both conditions. In this interview study, we explored the accounts of delivered diabetes and mental health care of 16 individuals living with coexisting diabetes and mental illness in Denmark. A thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke was applied in the analysis. Some of the participants described the care for diabetes and mental illness to be inextricably linked to each other. Therefore, health care providers ought to focus and knowledge of both conditions as essential components in the care provided. The participants accounted for support needs in other settings beyond diabetes and mental health outpatient clinics, such as the family doctor, residential institutions, and community care. However, the inefficient collaboration between these health care settings is one of the barriers to supporting the participants' self‐management.
Relationships matter! Social safeness and self‐disclosure may influence the relationship between perceived social support and well‐being for in‐person and online relationships
Authors: Nguyen Lina , Phillips Cara V. , Rodriguez Amelia , Young Amber R. , Ramdass Jeff V.
Published: August 2022

We investigated the relationship between perceived social support and mental well‐being in in‐person and online contexts using relational regulation theory as a guiding theoretical framework. Prior research consistently finds a positive link between perceived social support and better well‐being. In our study, we investigated the relationship between perceived social support and mental well‐being in in‐person and online contexts using relational regulation theory as a guiding theoretical framework. More specifically, the present research investigates whether perceived social support and better mental well‐being are associated with increased self‐disclosure or social safeness, and whether the relationships are similar for in‐person and online contexts. Participants (Study 1: N = 268 MTurk Users; Study 2: N = 216 MTurk Users) completed measures of perceived social support, self‐disclosure, social safeness, and mental well‐being. In both correlational studies, perceived social support was positively related to well‐being. Both self‐disclosure and social safeness mediated the relationship between perceived social support and well‐being for in‐person relationships. For online relationships, a person may only need to feel socially safe to have better mental well‐being. Future research should employ experimental manipulations to expand upon these findings.
Using cumulative carbon budgets and corporate carbon disclosure to inform ambitious corporate emissions targets and long‐term mitigation pathways
Authors: Hadziosmanovic Maida , Lloyd Shannon M. , Bjørn Anders , Paquin Raymond L. , Mengis Nadine , Matthews H. Damon
Published: August 2022

With increasing pressure for climate action, commitments to setting scientifically supported emissions targets have become more common among firms. The target‐setting methods currently endorsed by the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) use emission pathways that are aligned with 1.5°C and well‐below 2°C long‐term temperature goals to inform near‐term corporate targets. However, most of these scenarios lead to a temperature overshoot, followed by a return to the temperature goal achieved via net‐negative emissions in the second half of this century. When used to inform near‐term (e.g., 2030) corporate targets, the result is a set of targets that are aligned with an overshoot of a temperature target, with no explicit long‐term commitment to using negative emissions technologies to reverse this. To decrease the risk of this misalignment with the long‐term temperature goal, we propose an alternative approach that derives corporate targets directly from the remaining global cumulative carbon budget. We illustrate this approach using global Scope 1 emissions disclosed by public firms in 2019 to estimate corporate carbon budgets and construct idealized emissions‐reduction pathways that are consistent with the remaining global carbon budget for 1.5°C and well‐below 2°C. While firms, or their sectors, may choose varying mitigation pathways aligned with either global temperature limit, consistency with remaining carbon budgets requires that any delayed mitigation action in the near term is followed by more rapid emissions reductions in subsequent years. This study emphasizes the need for a more precautionary and robust approach to corporate target setting.
Protein ubiquitination in plant peroxisomes
Authors: Akhter Delara , Zhang Yuchan , Hu Jianping , Pan Ronghui
Published: August 2022

Protein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms, from growth and development to stress response. Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locations and organelles, including peroxisomes, single‐membrane and highly dynamic organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Peroxisomes contain metabolic functions essential to plants and animals such as lipid catabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), biosynthesis of vital hormones and cofactors, and photorespiration. Plant peroxisomes possess a complex proteome with functions varying among different tissue types and developmental stages, and during plant response to distinct environmental cues. However, how these diverse functions are regulated at the post‐translational level is poorly understood, especially in plants. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of the involvement of protein ubiquitination in peroxisome protein import, remodeling, pexophagy, and metabolism, focusing on plants, and referencing discoveries from other eukaryotic systems when relevant. Based on previous ubiquitinomics studies, we compiled a list of 56 ubiquitinated Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins whose functions are associated with all the major plant peroxisomal metabolic pathways. This discovery suggests a broad impact of protein ubiquitination on plant peroxisome functions, therefore substantiating the need to investigate this significant regulatory mechanism in peroxisomes at more depths.