bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on natural-based active compounds delivery system and its potential in food preservative application
Authors: Anuar N A F M , Kormin F , Abidin N A Z
Published: August 2019

Most of the essential oils extracted from various plants has a great potential to be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agent. These natural antimicrobials compounds are poorly soluble or lipophilic and thus required surfactant and co-surfactant to make them stable and boost up their efficacy as a food preservative. Regarding to these problems colloidal delivery systems based on microemulsions or nanoemulsions are increasingly being utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic bioactive components affectively. Unfortunately, in major foods and pharmaceutical industry, ternary food grade surfactant (such as tween-20, tween-80 span-80) were commonly being selected to be used along with pH adjustments compared to another available natural surfactants such as sodium caseinate, gelatin and lecithin. The objective of this review is to present briefly the possible applications of these novel systems of nanoemulsion and microemulsions using recent methods and techniques. Review on journal related on formation of emulsion systems applied in industries especially on foods and beverages had been done. For example, review had been done on journal discussed on application of essential oil as a flavor in beverages, application of microemulsion system as delivery system in natural food coloring in food products as well as oil loaded microemulsion and its potential to be used as a natural food preservative. All method used in the journal has been reviewed, analyzed and improvised for a better further application.
Ethnobotanical note, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidative activities of wild edible vegetable, Crassocephalum crepidioides from Kota Belud, Sabah
Authors: Awang-Kanak Fadzilah , Fadzelly Abu Bakar Mohd , Mohamed Maryati
Published: August 2019

Crassocephalum crepidioides or locally known as “tanduk manggarang” (Bajau) or “gipun” (Dusun) is an underutilized weed that has been consumed as wild edible vegetable by Sama Bajau people in Kota Belud, Sabah. The villagers obtained the plant from local traders at fresh market or foraging the plant from forest. Correlation between TPC and TFC with IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were analysed by using Pearson’s correlation. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest TPC (175.06±0.574 µg/ml) and TFC (139.72±0.923 µg/ml), followed by hot water extract with TPC of 54.45±0.818 µg/ml and TFC of 25.07±0.156 µg/ml. The distilled water extract showed the lowest TPC (29.98±0.918 µg/ml) and TFC (19.96±0.538 µg/ml). Antioxidant activities also demonstrated the same trend, ethanolic extract displayed the highest percentage of antioxidant activity of DPPH (85.4±1.64 %) and ABTS (85.2±0.57 %), followed by hot water extract with 65.4±3.87 % for DPPH and 79.4±3.2 % for ABTS. Distilled water extract had the lowest antioxidant activities for both DPPH (55.0±0.7 2%) and ABTS (71.35±2.61 %). The IC50 of DPPH assay were decreasing in the subsequent order; distilled water>hot water>ethanolic. Meanwhile, the IC50 of ABTS were decreasing in the following order; hot water>distilled water>ethanolic. There was negative high correlation between TPC in C. crepidioides leaves extracts with their IC50 of DPPH and ABTS assays. Following the same trend, there was also negative high correlation between TFC in C. crepidoides leaves extracts with their IC50 of DPPH and ABTS assays. As a conclusion, this readily available wild edible vegetable could be a potent resource of natural antioxidant for rural populace in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.
A Brief Overview on Light Pollution
Authors: Azman M I , Dalimin M N , Mohamed M , Abu Bakar M F
Published: August 2019

Rapid urbanisation across the globe has resulted to exponential population boomed inhabiting the big cities and urban areas. Unfortunately, this also means more people are now experiencing light pollution (LP) without ever realising it. Vigorous development and economic growth contributed to a sweeping increase in artificial light usage, which further deteriorate the natural dark sky. Altreration in the circadian rhythm of human, plants and animals and loss of naked-eye observable astronomical bodies, are only among the few of LP impacts. However, LP is considered newly recognised anthropogenic pollution where little initiatives have taken in addressing it. This study employs qualitative method of literatures review with using the 4W1H questions (i.eWhat, When, Which, WhyandHow)derived from an online search query data visualisation tool called “Answer The Public”. These keyword questions act as a guideline in providing general overview on LP issue while answering commonly asked questions by the Internet users. Furthermore, this paper attempts to foresee future directions in LP research.
Bird Diversity of Lingai, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Faiznur A A B , Wong C H , McAfee A , Maryati M
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to determine the species diversity of birds and to establish a checklist of bird species in Lingai, Terengganu, Malaysia. Two different sampling stations were chosen; which was old growth vegetation and agriculture area. Mist netting was conducted for five consecutive days, monthly from November 2012 to April 2013. A total of 83 individuals belonging to 14 families were sampled and recorded. From 25 different species, 59 individuals (71.1%) were netted from old growth vegetation while another 24 (28.9%) were netted from agriculture area. From the study, the Shannon-Weiner index was calculated where old growth vegetation gave a higher value of H’=2.526, than that of agriculture area with a value of H’=2.126. The test shows no significant difference in terms of bird diversity (t = 0.0074, df = 81, P>0.05) between both sites. The dominant species caught was stripe-throated bulbul (Pycnonotus fynlaysoni) followed by collared scops owl (Ottus bakkamoena). As a conclusion, the result shows that Lingai has a diverse bird community that must be conserved and more studies should be made in order to understand better on the diversity of birds in Lingai.
Plant Diversity Assessment and Traditional Knowledge Documentation of Home Gardens in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Ganesan S , Sabran S F , Mazlun M H
Published: August 2019

Home gardens act as an important ex situ conservation for biodiversity. While many home gardens are based on traditional knowledge system, the erosion of traditional knowledge posts serious challenges to the preservation and conservation of plant diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge of cultivated plants and to assess their species diversity in the selected home gardens. A total of 50 home gardens in the center of Parit Raja, Johor were selected and the plant uses were documented using semi-structured questionnaires. In total, 127 plant species belonging to 55 families were recorded from the study area. Euphorbiaceae had the highest number of species (12), followed by the families of Rutaceae (8), and Zingiberaceae (6). The most cited plant species were Codiaeum sp. (35), Cymbopogan citratus (30), and Capsicum annuum (27). Of the recorded plant species, 51% were used as sources of food, 31% as ornamentals, 27% as medicinal, and 1% as dye and in ritual. The study shows that properly managed home gardens have high productivity and sustainability which help in conserving plant diversity, traditional knowledge, and food sufficiency.
Expert perspective on success factors of civil engineers in improving project competencies in construction
Authors: Ismail H , Akasah Z A , Nagapan S , Khamis A
Published: August 2019

Success factors (CSFs) are inputs to construction management preparation which can lead immediately or indirectly to undertaking success. It encompasses many elements, which have to be synchronized to make certain the project is delivered on time. Competencies are important in all fields of human endeavor. Features of the building technique and construction undertaking render this ability essential. Therefore the selection of a civil engineer for a building project is an imperative mission decision. The selection procedure entails special criteria and be in accordance with agency’s policies and challenge specifications. Traditionally, five (5) potential experts are interviewed and the most certified will be chosen in compliance with organization priorities and task conditions. This paper aims to disclose a conceptual, critical success factor affecting competencies of civil engineer for development undertaking in Malaysia. Hopefully the end result can be used as a practice to measure the degree of competency of civil engineer.
An empirical study on benefits and future expectation of (IBS) applications in Melaka construction firm
Authors: Ismail H , Akasah Z A , Nagapan S , Khamis A , Saharani M
Published: August 2019

Industrialised Building System (IBS) is popular in many developing countries due to the benefits that can be derived from its applications in construction projects. However, due to lack of awareness and knowledge regarding IBS is a factor contributing to the percentage of IBS usage is still low among many professionals such as client, consultant and contractor. The focus of this study is to determine the benefits and future expectations on the application of IBS in construction projects by Melaka construction firms. This study adopts a mix methodof using questionnaires that were sent to 94 construction firms as a sampling frame and interview with 4 professionals who are involved directly with IBS construction projects. Finally, hopefully the finding of this study could assist construction players in enhancing decision making by providing a new and better knowledge in IBS construction projects implementation and also this study will achieved the project objectives in terms of predetermined objectives that are mostly within the time, specified budget and standard quality.
Characterization and stability study of lemongrass oil blend microemulsion as natural preservative
Authors: Lee Pei Ling Jenny , Kormin Faridah , Alyani Zainol Abidin Nurul , Aini Fatihah Mohamed Anuar Nor
Published: August 2019

Food preservative plays an important role in maintaining food quality and extending shelf life. Essential oils as natural preservatives are preferred due to its pose as less harmful to human as compared to chemical preservatives. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of lemongrass oil blend microemulsion by studying its physical properties, stability and antibacterial efficacy in curry paste. Ternary phase diagram is constructed via phase titration method for the microemulsion formulation. Microemulsion technology improves the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil by stabilizing and preserving its own natural benefits. The antibacterial compounds identification was elucidated by GC-MS. The overall results concluded that lemongrass oil blend microemulsion shows transparent appearance, low acidity (pH 4.1 - 5.1), moderate conductivity (18 - 58 μS/cm), low viscosity (<4 mPa second) and high stability. It can be an alternative for natural preservative with all the traits obtained in this study with an additional antibacterial effect by d-limonene, citronellal, citronellol and citral.
Variations of physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey from different botanical origin in state of Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Majid Mahani , Fadzelly Abu Bakar Mohd , Mian Zakbah , Esa Fahmiruddin , Kok Yeow You
Published: August 2019

Physicochemical parameters analysis was used in the identification of varietal honey from different botanical origin. Botanical origin is one of the important parameter to be known as a quality control to meet the legislated mandatory requirement during commercialization. This study assessed the influence of the botanical origin on the physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey or known as kelulut honey in state of Johor, Malaysia. The honey samples were collected in six different botanical origins namely acacia,coconut, mangrove, starfruit, multifruits and multiflowers produced by bee species of Heterotrigona itama. Tualang honey from bee species of Apis dorsata was included as a positive control. The physicochemical properties in terms of pH, moisture, ash content, electrical conductivity (EC) and colour intensity were measured. The result obtained revealed an average pH (3.40 ± 0.15), moisture (28.9 ± 2.69 g/100g), ash (0.37 ± 0.27 g/100g), electrical conductivity (0.11 ± 0.07) mS/cm, and colour intensity (692 ± 187) mAU. In general, the raw honey from state of Johor presented satisfactory quality according to the result obtained help in honey identification and authenticity as well as to sustain meliponiculture industry in Malaysia.
Population Density of Avian Species in a Man-Made Wetland of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Martins C O , Zakaria M , Olaniyi O E , Angela U O
Published: August 2019

This study determined the density and diversity of water and terrestrial dependent avian species in man-made Putrajaya wetlands, Peninsular Malaysia using the distant point count techniques. A total sum of 36,544 bird’s individuals (25water bird and 75 terrestrial bird species) was identified from November 2016 to July 2018. The overall bird’s density is 1.17 ± 0.04 birds’ ha−1 at 95.00% confidence limit. The terrestrial bird species (TBS) had a higher density (1.35 ± 0.04 birds’ ha−1), while the water bird species (WBS) had a lower density (0.98 ± 0.16 birds’ ha−1). For WBS, Nycticorax nycticorax and Casmero diusalbus recorded the highest (5.31 ± 3.27 birds’ ha1) and least (0.13 ± 0.15 birds’ ha−1) densities respectively. Also, Columba livia and Arachnothera flavigaster recorded the highest (7.15 ± 1.77 birds’ ha−1) and least (0.07±0.02 birds’ ha−1) densities respectively in TBS. The TBS had higher Shannon– Wiener species diversity index (N1 = 5.67), Margalef’s species richness index (R1 = 15.06) and Pielou’s J species evenness index (E = 1.29) in contrast to the WBS (N1 = 3.71; R1 = 4.58 and E = 1.18). The study revealed the potentials of the man-made Putrajaya wetlands to harbour diverse avian species. This implied the needs to conserve this enclave in order to increase the population, perpetuity and sustainability of the avian species.
Comparison of chemical, functional and morphological characteristics of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) (J33) seed starch and commercial native starches
Authors: Syuhada Mohamad Yazid Nurulain , Abdullah Norazlin , Muhammad Norhayati
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to compare the starch isolated from jackfruit seed specifically from J33 variety with the commercial native potato, tapioca and waxy maize starches in terms of their chemical, functional and morphological properties. The infra–red spectra, bond bending and stretching of all samples were analysed using FTIR spectrometer within range of 4000 - 400 cm−1. Least gelation concentration (LGC), swelling power (SP) and solubility were determined as functional properties of the starches. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) was used for characterisation of starch granules morphology. FTIR measurement shows aromatic compounds detected in jackfruit seed starch (JSS). LGC displays capability of JSS to form gel at 10% which is better than potato starch. SP and solubility of JSS have no significant differences over the temperature changes. SEM image of JSS exhibits bell and round shape of starch granule. Thus, JSS can be a good source of starch in future and help in reducing waste by turning into beneficial product.
Prevention of Enzymatic Browning by Chemical Treatment on Etlingera elatior Puree Processing
Authors: Aini Fatihah Mohamed Anuar Nor , Kormin Faridah , Alyani Zainol Abidin Nurul , Abu Bakar Fadzelly , Fatimah Zahrah Mohd Fuzi Siti , Sabran Fatimah
Published: August 2019

Simplex-centroid mixture design has been applied to investigate the effectiveness of chemical formulation prior to prevent enzymatic browning onEtlingera elatiorpuree as well as to study its antioxidant properties and consumer acceptance on the product by using a 9-point hedonic scale analysis. Formulation consists of four different food grade chemicals (Ascorbic acid, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Citric acid, and Benzoic acid). Spectrophotometric was used to assay the polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) activity, by measuring the initial rate of quinone formation, as indicated by increase in absorbance value. Antioxidant properties of puree samples were measured through scavenging activity (DPPH), total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Total color different (ΔE) of processedEtlingera Elatiorwere determined by Hunter L*a*b*. Optimization suggested a chemical formulation containing 50% ascorbic acid and 50% citric acid as the best proportion prior to its ability in enzyme inhibition, antioxidant characteristics and consumer acceptance.
The effect of different solvent extraction towards antiurolithiatic properties of Euphorbhia hirta and Orthosiphon stamineus
Authors: Pauzi A N , Muhammad N , Sairi N H , Tuan Putra T N M , Gul M T , Rahim N F A , Marzuki N A S , Abu Bakar M F , Talip B A , Abdullah N
Published: August 2019

There are many natural remedies derived from herbs have been used as alternatives to treat kidney stones disease effectively includingEuphorbia hirta L.andOrthosiphon stamineus.Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of four different extraction solvents ofE. hirtaandO. stamineusincluding hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate and water to inhibit the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx)in-vitro. The inhibition of crystallization was studied by using rate of CaOx aggregation assay and was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cystone was used as positive control. The result showed the best inhibition in aggregation of CaOx was exhibited by hexane extract ofE. hirta(95.78%) which had no significant difference with Cystone, and the lowest inhibition was shown by hexane extract ofO. stamineus(20% ±). It could be related to the presence of higher amount of alkaloid in hexane extract ofE. hirtaas compared to other extracts. In conclusion, both of plant extracts showed antiurolithiatic properties by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate. However, the rate of inhibition for both plants varies depending on the type of solvent used.
Antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Kembang semangkok (Scaphium macropodum) stem bark
Authors: Sanusi S B , Abu Bakar M F , Mohamed M , Sabran S F , Azizul I
Published: August 2019

Scaphium macropodum (S. macropodum) belongs to the Sterculiaceae family. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally to treat several diseases such as cancer, asthma, cough, dysentery, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, fever, inflammation, and sore throat. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and identify the chemical constituents of methanol extract of S. macropodum. The inhibitory activity of the extract was tested against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) by disc diffusion assay. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine the MIC and MBC, and the extract was subjected to the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify the chemical constituents. The results showed that S. aureus displayed the largest zone of inhibition (10.67 ± 0.58 mm), and negative zone of inhibition was observed with E. coli and S. typhimurium in agar disk diffusion assay. S. aureus showed the lowest MIC (0.78 mg/mL) and MBC (3.13 mg/mL). The GC-MS analysis of S. macropodum methanol extract showed the presence of at least four bioactive compounds i.e. 1-methyl-trans-decahydroquinol-5(equat)-ol, hexadecanoate methyl, hexadecanoic acid , and phthalic acid, di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) ester. The findings from this study suggested that S. macropodum could be a promising candidate for antibacterial agent due to its bactericidal property and can be further investigated.
PrimaTourism: Preliminary Study on Activity Budget of Dusky leaf monkey Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus in Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Siti-Kauthar M , Najmuddin M F , Md-Zain B M , Abdul-Latiff M A B
Published: August 2019

Dusky leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus distributed throughout Peninsular Malaysia are currently under threats by agricultural land conversion, habitat fragmentation, pet trade and other anthropogenic development. Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor is an island forest surrounded by urban development and the populations are highly fragmented here. PrimaTourism is an alternative way to conserve primate species through the means of wildlife tourism. Thus, the aim for this study is to obtain the daily activity budget of T. obscurus in Bukit Soga Perdana to serve as foundation for PrimaTourism activities. Scan sampling method was employed in this study from November 2017 to February 2018 and a total of nine category of behaviours were recorded. Results indicated that T. obscurus spent most of the time moving, followed by feeding, resting, vocalization, agonistic and allomothering. These behaviours are largely influenced the surroundings such as presence or absence of humans. This study provide the first report on daily activity budget of dusky leaf monkey in Bukit Soga Perdana, not only to understand the behaviour of the species, but also as foundation to initiate PrimaTourism in the area.
Avifauna study of Tanjung Piai, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Yatim Mustafar M H , Norazlimi N A , Abdul-Latiff M A B
Published: August 2019

Tanjung Piai is located in the southern-most tip of mainland Asia. It is one of the most important Ramsar site and Important Bird Area (IBA) in Malaysia. However, this site is receiving a major threat from shipping traffic in Malacca Straits which led to several impacts such as coastal erosion and pollution. Avifauna study of Tanjung Piai was conducted from May until August 2017. The objective of the study is to document the diversity of birds in the wetland areas of Tanjung Piai. The bird was recorded by using direct observation technique as well as mist-net trapping method. A total of 228 individuals, 32 species, and 23 families were recorded. The Shannon-Weiner Index, H’, is 3.33 indicated that Tanjung Piai has high diversity and serve as a good habitat for bird species.
Comparative analysis of Biotic Indices in water quality assessment: Case study at Sg. Bantang, Johor
Authors: Zulhusni Zakaria Mohammad , Mohamed Maryati
Published: August 2019

Biotic indices are very useful tools as a rapid water assessment since freshwater had became a global issues for a decade but most of biotic indices developed are based on data from Europe or North American region. Geographically, there might be different in term of composition of macroinvertebrates in tropical region. Moreover, lacking in information regarding the effectiveness techniques which limited the use of biologicl monitoring in developing countries. Study were conducted to compared between biotic indices that originately developed based on macroinvertebrate data from United Kingdom which is Biological Monitoring Warking Party (BMWP)) and several biotic indices which developed in tropical region which were BMWP-Thai, SingScore and BMWP-My. The purpose of this study is to know which index best reflects health of freshwater ecosystem in Malaysia. All indices were calculated based on data from Hutan Lipur Sungai Bantang (HLSB). HLSB ecosystem were provided a good physical and chemical variable which their water quality is ranging from moderately- good to excellent based on the composition of aquatic insects and water quality index (WQI). Despite of rapid development happened in Johor, we found 45 families of aquatic insects and half of them are clean water species and very useful in biological monitoring. From the result, BMWP-My was the most suitable biotic index to use in Malaysia water body since its give better reflect on the health of the river system. Finally, the uses of aquatic as biological monitoring tools were recommended because aquatic insects found almost in every freshwater habitat, their diversity and their sensitivity to environmental changes which make them a good biological indicator.
Fish and fisheries of Bada (Rasbora spp.) in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra
Authors: Dina R , Samir O , Lukman  , Haryani G S , Nasution S H
Published: August 2019

Bada is the local name for Rasbora spp in Lake Maninjau. This fish is an economic fisheries commodity for consumption and has become one of the culinary icons of Maninjau area. Many studies have been carried out related to bada fish in Lake Maninjau, but continuous studies are needed to complete aspects that have not been done or for evaluation purposes, in order to take conservation or management actions. Therefore this study aims to convey the latest status of fish (species distribution of bada fish) and fisheries of bada (fishing activity, relative abundance distribution, and production trend). For species distribution of bada, sampling was carried out in six sampling station of lake waters (Bayur, Kularian, Muara Tanjung, Muko-muko, Sigiran, and Galapung) and four stream waters (Kularian Stream, Muara Tanjung Stream, Koto Gadang Stream, and a stream in Galapung) as inlets of Lake Maninjau in April 2017. For fisheries of bada analysis sampling was carried out in four stations of lake waters (Bayur, Linggai, Sigiran, and Galapung) from April to November 2017. Fish was caught using gillnet and liftnet. Catch data also obtained from some of fishermen as enumerator. In addition, interviews were also conducted with stakeholder from policy maker element. Species of bada were determined based on morphological identification. Three species of bada fish (Rasbora spp) were found in the lake and inlets of the lake, namely Rasbora lateristriata, Rasbora argyrotaenia, and Rasbora cf sumatrana. Rasbora lateristriata has the widest distribution in both lake and inlets. Analysis of Variance result showed that the abundance of bada fish (all types of Rasbora) was relatively same in all locations in Lake Maninjau (p > 0.05). Catch of bada in recent years declined sharply compared to 2008, for example catches in Bayur decreased by 80%. Current fishing activities also experienced a decline as fishermen using gillnet were rarely found. Current fishing of bada are mostly using lukah (trap) which were found in two locations, namely Rangeh stream and Batang stream. Bagan (lifnet) were found in Bayur, Muara Tanjung, Muko-muko, and Sigiran. Recommended management efforts are regulation of fishing (types of fishing gears and locations), maintain the lake and inlets connectivity, habitat improvement through construct fish shelters, and restocking.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Cikamal and Cirengganis Rivers at Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve using biomarker Allium cepa L.
Authors: Annisa  , Sylvia M , Hervina C , Ratningsih N
Published: August 2019

River becomes eminently threatened ecosystem compared to other aquatic environments. Contamination of the aquatic environment that come from anthropogenic activities, may reduce water quality and harm living creatures which is inhabiting within. The Cikamal and Cirengganis rivers at Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve play an important role as water resources for local inhabitants around the nature reserve This research aimed to compare cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Cikamal and Cirengganis rivers based on mitotic index (MI) and type of chromosomal aberration using Allium cepa as a biomarker. The methods used in this experiment were Completely Randomized Design and observation. MI analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s test. Types of chromosome aberrations were observed descriptively. The results showed that MI was declined throughout upstream to downstream on both river, as follow: upstream (Cikamal 62.4%; Cirengganis 62.1%), midstream (Cikamal 47.8%; Cirengganis 54,6%), and downstream (Cikamal 38.8%; Cirengganis 34.1%). The number of chromosome aberration types observed were 27 on Cikamal and 10 on Rengganis. The result suggested that Cikamal river has a higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity level compared to Cirengganis. The Allium marker can serve as the first monitoring system for the presence of cytotoxic and genotoxic pollutant on aquatic environments.
Influence of Community Behaviour on Water Quality in Sekanak River, Palembang
Authors: Kospa H S D , Rahmadi
Published: August 2019

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of community behavior on water quality degradation in the Sekanak River. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this study. The quantitative research data was gathered by conducting a questioner survey of 100 selected households living along the riverbank to identify community behaviour. It was also used to measure the water quality status using Pollution Index (PI) Method. The descriptive qualitative component included analyzing and elaborating the actual data of community behavior toward water quality assessment using triangulation data sources. The questionnaire results of the research revealed that the household’s knowledge and attitude on disposal management, sanitation and hygiene at the river bank were in high level. They are generally knowledgeable, having positive attitude and also practiced good personal hygiene, but twenty percent was still throw the garbage to the river. Furthermore, a total of seven sampling station has been identified along the river. The result showed that water quality status from the upstream to the downstream had slightly polluted. It is also evident that COD, BOD, NH3-N and Phosphate have exceeded the allowable threshold levels. This may attributed to the anthropogenic activities such as washing and throwing garbage which can be indicated from changing in the levels of COD and phosphate. However, water pollution inevitably occurs due to the unavailability of communal wastewater treatment plant, poor waste management and lack of public stimulus such as incentive and punishment that encourage participation of communities to conserve water resource. Besides the technical aspect, Dealing with complex socio-ecological issues are considerable importance components of a long-term environmental strategy. It is recommended that education, legislation and incentivization are necessary to spur and improve people awareness and potential role as “river guards”.
Sustainable Practices Utilizing Ecovillage’s Concepts in Bendungan Village, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wiradimadja R D D , Megantara E N , Husodo T , Tokuda H , Lestari R A M A
Published: August 2019

Ecovillage is one of the holistic solution to solve environmental problems, which the concept and theory of sustainability is practiced. Ecovillage is a concept where the community have to manage the environment properly and all the activities have a positive impact on the environment. In practice, the ecovillage should follow four aspects as follow: Ecology, Economy, Social and Spiritual aspect, on which of each this aspect are evaluated and analyzed. This research is different from the existing research because it will assess four sustainability aspects of the ecovillage. This research focused its research on the West Java Environmental Agency’s Ecovillage program in Bendungan Village, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Ecovillage programs in this village are interesting to research because it is the first top-down ecovillage program in Indonesia and the world. This research used Mixed Methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), secondary data review, direct observation and semi semi- structured interviewing to collect the data. This research found that human and environmental aspects are equally important and needed to achieve sustainability, the environment cannot sustain if the human are oppressed (socially or economically) and vice versa. Lastly, it also shows that sustainability is a very complex term, sustainability studies need to include the interactions between natural and social systems and to achieve sustainability, a project or a program should include human aspects as part of the project or program as human are resources to achieve sustainable development and also the part of the development target alongside environmental aspects.
Organic Rice Farming For Sustainable Development in The Nurani Sejahtera Farmers Group
Authors: Karyani T , Arifin F , Hapsari H , Supriyadi E
Published: August 2019

The green revolution was able to make Indonesia a food self-sufficiency country in 1984, but on the other hand there were negative impacts caused by the green revolution such as the emergence of environmental and social and health problems. Organic farming is one solution to overcome the negative impacts caused by the green revolution. Public awareness of health and environmental care encourages people to adopt a “back to nature” lifestyle that is consuming organic food even though the price is more expensive. Such conditions open opportunities for the development of organic agriculture among farmers, including in the Nurani Sejahtera Farmers Group who cultivate organic rice using the SRI method. However, in recent years there has been a trend in the extent of certified organic land in the Nurani Sejahtera Farmers Group, which has decreased as well as the number of farmers. Therefore this study aims to explore internal and external factors that influence the development of organic rice in the Nurani Sejahtera Group, by using SWOT analysis. The results show that the strategy should be taken by the Nurani Sejahtera farmer group is Hold and Maintain strategy. It’s mean strategy that should be taken by farmer group is the survival and safeguard strategy through market penetration and product development. Market penetration strategy is searching for a larger market share or an increase in the market share of existing products or services through increased marketing efforts. and safeguarding, as well as market penetration through network development.
A governance of climate change mitigation in transport sector and selected co-benefits in Indonesia: the case of Bandung City
Authors: Gunawan H , Bressers H , Megantara E. N , Kurnani T B A , Hoppe T , Mohlakoana N , Parikesit
Published: August 2019

Climate change mitigation policy has a strong influence on policy processes in worldwide. Indonesia as a developing country has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 29 percent by the year 2030. This calls into question the extent of how the cities or local governments can cope with the challenges of the current transport sector climate change mitigation in Bandung City. This paper aims to assess the governance context of climate policies in Bandung City and support further co-benefits. The preliminary stage of study shows that the policies in reducing GHG emissions are not in accordance with what was written by the government. The provincial and local government was aware that the stipulation delivered by the central government regarding mitigation on climate change stated in the regulation both in provincial and local level. Based on the actor’s characteristic, the policies that encourage to reduce GHG emissions drive as a multi-actor interaction process namely The Paratransit, Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) and Vehicle Emissions Test. The research design involved an empirical case study on governance and policy relevant to climate change efforts to lower GHG in Bandung City, Indonesia. The analytical framework used for this analysis is the Governance Assessment Tool and the co-benefits approach. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, a review of policy documents, and secondary quantitative data. The results reveal that the governance qualities create a context that there still are some limits, although several improvements have shown the positive trend at the local level. This is due to the qualities of the extent aspect as a low to moderate, the flexibility as a restrictive, and the coherence and intensity as moderate. The assessment of the criteria of co-benefits is more relevant to the public transport. The TMB has met all of the criteria of co-benefits. Thus, this TMB program has the highest impact to attain the co-benefits. The paratransit has the positive value of the criteria for lowering GHG emissions, energy and environmental sustainability, and development goals. The vehicle emission test met the criteria of sustainability and technical feasibility.
Resilience process due to drougth of El Nino 2015 at Marampit, the outermost island of the Indonesia
Authors: Suryawan A , Yuliantoro I , Subarudi  , Prayitno H
Published: August 2019

El Nino 2015 has made a prolonged drought. This phenomenon has influenced the attitudes and perspectives of the people towards nature. This study aims to describe the change in natural management at the post-drought. El Nino causing the debit of five water springs decreased and dried. This condition trigered to conflicts of interest and ownership of the spring betwen Laluhe and Marampit Villages. The community rise its awareness to the importance of trees around the spring so that they tried to replant tress and to limit the use of natural resources and provide a village regulation in 2012 on the good governance of natural resources. In 2017, five other villages on Marampit Island agreed to support the efforts of tree planting and protection of springs done by Marampit villages. The Marampit community can be catagorized as a higher perspective and care of its nature resource than the others. In fact, the changing in natural resource management is more influenced by culture than other social factors. This social capital is an opportunity to improve environmental conditions to be more stable.
An overview of biogas utilization from tempeh wastewater
Authors: Puspawati S.W. , Soesilo T. E. B. , Soemantojo R. W.
Published: August 2019

Tempeh is a traditional soybean product originating from Indonesia. Tempeh is a high-protein food, which costs less per unit than other animal protein sources. However, the Tempeh industry will produce waste with this process. Tempeh production process requires a lot of water to boil, soak, and wash soybean skin. The research problem is that the practice of Tempeh industry has not managed wastewater well, which has the potential to cause the quality of tempeh industrial wastewater to exceed quality standards and cause negative impacts on the environment and society living around the industry, so alternatives are needed to improve wastewater management. The alternative is to convert liquid waste into renewable energy. It refers to the SDGs agenda for seven objectives (7) to improve clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sophisticated and clean fossil fuel technology. Biogas is a type of biofuel that comes from living things and renewable energy. This research aimed to determine the type of biogas that is appropriate for small-scale industries by utilizing Tempeh liquid waste with a mixture of household organic waste. The results showed that the biogas digester balloon is the type that is suitable for small scale industries. The selection of balloon digester is reviewed from the technical aspects, economic aspects, environmental aspects, and social aspects. Biogas is the right technology to convert tempeh waste into energy so that it can obtain economic and environmental benefits.
Monitoring on post oil sludge phytoremediation : acute toxicity test against female wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)
Authors: Rossiana N , Alipin K , Amin M R , Indrawati I , Rahayuningsih S R , Murad J N
Published: August 2019

Phytoremediation is Green Sustainable Technology for Industrial Waste Management, Oil sludge is a waste derived from the petroleum industry and includes hazardous and toxic substances that must be biologically managed. One of the efforts to overcome oil sludge waste is by using bioremediation. The toxicity from oil sludge derived from phytoremediation that has been done by using consortium bacteria (Bacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas sp.) and mycorrhiza of Chinese albizia plant (Paraserianthes falcataria) for up to 14.5 months needs to be monitored and evaluated to female Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) as biological model. The purpose of this study was to obtain LD50 from oil sludge extract of phytoremediation and to determine its toxicity on rats based on histological observation. The laboratory experiment with complete random design method was conducted. Acute toxicity test was performed based on protocol from OECD 425 in 2008 with modification. The parameters observed consist of animals mortality, changes in body weight, and liver histological damage levels. Probit analysis showed that LD50 from oil sludge extract was 9,785.184 mg/kg bw which is categorized as slightly toxic. This value still did not meet the results of the bioremediation process (> 15.000 mg/kg bw or not toxic). Therefore, the oil sludge phytoremediation process needs to be improved until the required policy is fulfilled. This study provides information on the evaluation approach when bioremediation used as an alternative method to restore the oil-contaminated soil.
Community based ecotourism development of Jatigede Reservoir in Pakualam Village of Darmaraja Sub district of Sumedang Regency
Authors: Djuwendah E , Wulandari E , Rachmawati E , Hapsari H
Published: August 2019

Jatigede Reservoir area has a role as a power plant, the provider of irrigation water, fisheries, and tourism. Tourism that is suitable to be developed in the reservoir area is ecotourism, which is a natural tourism that unites sustainably conservation, society, and travel. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of Pakualam Village as ecotourism area, to analyze community involvement in ecotourism management, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in developing ecotourism in the Pakualam Village. This study used qualitative descriptive method with case study techniques. Data collection was carried out through observation, focus group discussion, in-depth interview and literature study. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and technical boundary partner. The results showed that forest resources, rice fields and waters in Pakualam Village had the potential of ecotourism. In utilizing these potential resources, community involvement existed both as an initiator, implementer or beneficiary. The supporting factors of ecotourism that were found included the cool and natural beauty of natural panorama, the availability of typical culinary and the local wisdom of Pakualam Village community. The main inhibiting factors in the development of ecotourism in this area included poor road infrastructure, limited facilities and supporting institutions.
Risk mitigation of mango farming in agro-tourism development in Cirebon Regency
Authors: Syamsiyah N , Qanti S R , Wiyono S N , Kusno K , Sulistyowati L
Published: August 2019

Development of agricultural sector eternally involved the problem of uncertainty of the results and a considerable risk. The development of agro-tourism in Cirebon Regency will directly develop mango agribusiness. Increased interest in tourism creates opportunities for agricultural tourism development (agro-tourism). Mango demand is very high, making opportunities as well as challenges for mango farmers in Cirebon Regency. This study aims to consider risks in mango agribusiness, risk assessment and mitigation of mango agribusiness in the development of agro-tourism area in Cirebon Regency. Data collection was through observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The method used is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The method of FMEA identified risks that are classified into four categories: input risk, operational risk, environmental risk and financial risk. This type of research uses a qualitative approach, with primary and secondary data. The respondents were taken by purposive sampling. The research shows that the highest risk faced by actors in mango agribusiness in Cirebon Regency based on the highest risk of Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Risk Score Value (RSV) are pest and plant disease, uncertain weather, low productivity of farmers, high price of agro-input, excessive use of pesticides, and less skilled labor. Mitigation actions that can be done in reducing the effects of the risks are as follows: improving knowledge and training on Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), Good Handling Practices (GHP), Improving the role of government through extension agent, increasing knowledge of food safety, the creation of technology in agriculture from inputs, cultivation techniques, postharvest and marketing.
Adaptation of indigenous community agricultural systems on climate change (case study of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Sukabumi Regency, West Java)
Authors: Hapsari H , Hapsari D , Karyani T , Fatimah S
Published: August 2019

Climate change is a threat to indigenous farming systems that rely on nature. Indigenous society has idiosyncrasies in managing agricultural systems that relate to nature. This study aims to examine the adaptation mechanism of indigenous farming systems to climate change in terms of social, economic, and technological aspects. The study was conducted in Indigenous Village of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar of Sukabumi Regency West Java. The research method is case study. The technique of collecting data through in-depth interviews with selected informants, participant observation, and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that the indigenous society of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar experienced the changes that occur in the environment as a result of climate change. Strategies to adapt to these changes, among others: (1) use natural resources in a sustainable manner, (2) preserve the customary positive impact on the environment, (3) do a crop rotation system, (4) managing the communal granary community food security system, (5) maintaining social values in the society, (6) establish cooperation with the agricultural institutions; (7) utilizing communication networks and information systems; (8) with some help from external parties in the repair of facilities and infrastructure, such as transportation and irrigation; (9) perform the processing of non-rice farming profit-oriented, and (10) instilling the values of local wisdom to the younger generation from an early age.
Go urban or stay rural: determinants of young farmers staying in or leaving agricultural field (a case study in Cisondari, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Setiawan I , Nugraha A , Rasiska S
Published: August 2019

Although agriculture workforce plays an important role in agricultural development, aging workforce in agriculture is often put in the periphery. The interest of youth in agriculture is declining due to the diminishing popularity of agricultural field compared to non-agriculture sector in term of future personal welfare security. However, Cisondari, a village in Bandung Regency showed an anomaly. Organic farming in that area is proliferating and growing and is motored by the youths. This study aims to identify the determinants of young farmers for choosing to stay in the rural area and develop their agriculture, despite its adjacent location to Bandung city and amid high rate of urbanization; and how their role contributed to the development of organic farming in the area. The study applies sequential exploratory mixed methods, which relies heavily on qualitative approach which is then complemented by quantitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interview to key informants, participant observation, field observation, document and artefact analysis; while quantitative data were collected through structured interviews to selected respondents. The results showed that farmers characteristics, innovativeness, and environment became the most dominant factors in determining their motives to stay in rural areas.