bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Mixed Plasmodium falciparum sera5 Infection in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study in Malawi
Authors: Arisue Nobuko , Chagaluka George , Palacpac Nirianne Marie Q. , Johnston W. Thomas , Mutalima Nora , Peprah Sally , Bhatia Kishor , Borgstein Eric , Liomba George N. , Kamiza Steve , Mkandawire Nyengo , Mitambo Collins , Goedert James J. , Molyneux Elizabeth M. , Newton Robert , Horii Toshihiro , Mbulaiteye Sam M.
Published: April 2021

Background: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common childhood cancer in Africa and is linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection, one of the most common and deadly childhood infections in Africa; however, the role of Pf genetic diversity is unclear. A potential role of Pf genetic diversity in eBL has been suggested by a correlation of age-specific patterns of eBL with the complexity of Pf infection in Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania, as well as a finding of significantly higher Pf genetic diversity, based on a sensitive molecular barcode assay, in eBL cases than matched controls in Malawi. We examined this hypothesis by measuring diversity in Pf-serine repeat antigen-5 (Pfsera5), an antigenic target of blood-stage immunity to malaria, among 200 eBL cases and 140 controls, all Pf polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive, in Malawi. Methods: We performed Pfsera5 PCR and sequencing (~3.3 kb over exons II–IV) to determine single or mixed PfSERA5 infection status. The patterns of Pfsera5 PCR positivity, mixed infection, sequence variants, and haplotypes among eBL cases, controls, and combined/pooled were analyzed using frequency tables. The association of mixed Pfsera5 infection with eBL was evaluated using logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, and previously measured Pf genetic diversity. Results: Pfsera5 PCR was positive in 108 eBL cases and 70 controls. Mixed PfSERA5 infection was detected in 41.7% of eBL cases versus 24.3% of controls; the odds ratio (OR) was 2.18, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.12–4.26, which remained significant in adjusted results (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 2.40, 95% CI of 1.11–5.17). A total of 29 nucleotide variations and 96 haplotypes were identified, but these were unrelated to eBL. Conclusions: Our results increase the evidence supporting the hypothesis that infection with mixed Pf infection is increased with eBL and suggest that measuring Pf genetic diversity may provide new insights into the role of Pf infection in eBL.
Biochemical Background in Mitochondria Affects 2HG Production by IDH2 and ADHFE1 in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Špačková Jitka , Gotvaldová Klára , Dvořák Aleš , Urbančoková Alexandra , Pospíšilová Kateřina , Větvička David , Leguina-Ruzzi Alberto , Tesařová Petra , Vítek Libor , Ježek Petr , Smolková Katarína
Published: April 2021

Mitochondrial production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be catalyzed by wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing 1 (ADHFE1). We investigated whether biochemical background and substrate concentration in breast cancer cells promote 2HG production. To estimate its role in 2HG production, we quantified 2HG levels and its enantiomers in breast cancer cells using analytical approaches for metabolomics. By manipulation of mitochondrial substrate fluxes using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the existence of active competition between 2HG producing enzymes, i.e., IDH2 and ADHFE1. Moreover, we showed that distinct fractions of IDH2 enzyme molecules operate in distinct oxido-reductive modes, providing NADPH and producing 2HG simultaneously. We have also detected 2HG release in the urine of breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy and detected a correlation with stages of breast carcinoma development. In summary, we provide a background for vital mitochondrial production of 2HG in breast cancer cells with outcomes towards cancer biology and possible future diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots Modified TiO2 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal for Solving Indoor VOCs Pollution
Authors: Yu Jie , Caravaca Angel , Guillard Chantal , Vernoux Philippe , Zhou Liang , Wang Lingzhi , Lei Juying , Zhang Jinlong , Liu Yongdi
Published: April 2021

Indoor toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution is a serious threat to people’s health and toluene is a typical representative. In this study, we developed a composite photocatalyst of carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) in situ-doped TiO2 inverse opal TiO2 IO for efficient degradation of toluene. The catalyst was fabricated using a sol-gel method with colloidal photonic crystals as the template. The as-prepared catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for degradation of toluene. After 6 h of simulated sunlight irradiation, 93% of toluene can be converted into non-toxic products CO2 and H2O, while only 37% of toluene is degraded over commercial P25 in the same condition. This greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity results from two aspects: (i) the inverse opal structure enhances the light harvesting while providing adequate surface area for effective oxidation reactions; (ii) the incorporation of CNQDs in the framework of TiO2 increases visible light absorption and promotes the separation of photo-generated charges. Collectively, highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of toluene has been achieved. In addition, it can be expanded to efficient degradation of organic pollutants in liquid phase such as phenol and Rhodamine B. This study provides a green, energy saving solution for indoor toxic VOCs removal as well as for the treatment of organic wastewater.
Supported-Metal Catalysts in Upgrading Lignin to Aromatics by Oxidative Depolymerization
Authors: Cabral Almada Cédric , Kazachenko Aleksandr , Fongarland Pascal , Da Silva Perez Denilson , Kuznetsov Boris N. , Djakovitch Laurent
Published: April 2021

Supported gold and platinum particles on titanium oxide catalysts were evaluated in the oxidative depolymerization of lignins toward high added value aromatics under mild conditions (T: 150 °C, Pair: 20 bar, CNaOH: 10 g/L, 1 h). Kraft and ethanol Organosolv lignins were engaged in the study. Gold catalyst showed a strong tendency to further oxidize aromatics produced from lignin depolymerization to volatile compounds leading to very low yield in target molecules. On the contrary, platinum-based catalysts were allowed to observe enhanced yields that were attributed to its ability to preserve lignin’s substructure during the reaction. A kinetic model was constructed based on the results observed, which allowed us to identify the occurrence of condensation reactions during lignin oxidation and degradation of the produced aromatic compounds as the main limitations to reach high product yields. Insights on lignin oxidation and the catalyst’s role lead through this study would help to reach higher control over lignin valorization.
Distinct Classes of Flavonoids and Epigallocatechin Gallate, Polyphenol Affects an Oncogenic Mutant p53 Protein, Cell Growth and Invasion in a TNBC Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kollareddy Madhu , Martinez Luis A.
Published: April 2021

Mutant p53(s) are widely considered as oncogenes and promote several gain-of-function oncogenic activities. p53 mutations correlate with higher rates of metastasis and poor survival; therefore, it is paramount to inhibit mutant p53 protein either directly or indirectly. Although some compounds have been developed, none of them have achieved a desirable level of specificity. Some of these compounds only targeted specific mutations. In search of less-toxic compounds, we tested plant-derived compounds on mutant p53 triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Here, we show that the compounds tested reduced the protein levels of one of the more frequent oncogenic p53 mutants (R249S; hot spot mutation), and its important targets that promote invasion and metastasis, including GMPS and IMPDH1. All compounds tested perturbed the invasion potential of the breast cancer cell line. These compounds downregulated several nucleotide metabolism genes (NMGs) which are essential for cell cycle progression. We observed S-phase arrest correlating to reduced cell proliferation and increased replication stress. Moreover, we also show a reduction of key ETS transcription family members including ETS2, ETS1, ETV1, and ETV4, which are involved in invasion and metastasis. We propose that these compounds may inhibit invasion by interfering with multiple pathways. Our findings exemplify that these tested compounds could inhibit invasion and cell growth in TNBC in a nucleotide-dependent manner.
LoRa Channel Characterization for Flexible and High Reliability Adaptive Data Rate in Multiple Gateways Networks
Authors: Coutaud Ulysse , Heusse Martin , Tourancheau Bernard
Published: April 2021

We characterize the LoRa channel in terms of multi-path fading, loss burstiness, and assess the benefits of Forward Error Correction as well as the influence of frame length. We make these observations by synthesizing extensive experimental measurements realized with The Things Network in a medium size city. We then propose to optimize the LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate algorithm based on this refined LoRa channel characterization and taking into account the LoRaWAN inherent macro-diversity from multi-gateway reception. Firstly, we propose ADRopt, which adjusts Spreading Factor and frame repetition number to maintain the communication below a target Packet Error Rate ceiling with optimized Time-On-Air. Secondly, we propose ADRIFECC, an extension of ADRopt in case an Inter-Frame Erasure Correction Code is available. The resulting protocol provides very high reliability even over low quality channels, with comparable Time on Air and similar downlink usage as the currently deployed mechanism. Simulations corroborate the analysis, both over a synthetic random wireless link and over replayed real-world packet transmission traces.
Grid Cyber-Security Strategy in an Attacker-Defender Model
Authors: Chen Yu-Cheng , Mooney Vincent John , Grijalva Santiago
Published: April 2021

The progression of cyber-attacks on the cyber-physical system is analyzed by the Probabilistic, Learning Attacker, and Dynamic Defender (PLADD) model. Although our research does apply to all cyber-physical systems, we focus on power grid infrastructure. The PLADD model evaluates the effectiveness of moving target defense (MTD) techniques. We consider the power grid attack scenarios in the AND configurations and OR configurations. In addition, we consider, for the first time ever, power grid attack scenarios involving both AND configurations and OR configurations simultaneously. Cyber-security managers can use the strategy introduced in this manuscript to optimize their defense strategies. Specifically, our research provides insight into when to reset access controls (such as passwords, internet protocol addresses, and session keys), to minimize the probability of a successful attack. Our mathematical proof for the OR configuration of multiple PLADD games shows that it is best if all access controls are reset simultaneously. For the AND configuration, our mathematical proof shows that it is best (in terms of minimizing the attacker′s average probability of success) that the resets are equally spaced apart. We introduce a novel concept called hierarchical parallel PLADD system to cover additional attack scenarios that require combinations of AND and OR configurations.
Reversible Water Ad-/Desorption Behavior of a 3D Polycatenation Network, [Zn(bpp)(BDC)]·1.5(H2O), Constructed by 2D Undulated Layered MOF
Authors: Wang Chih-Chieh , Yi Wei-Cheng , Huang Zi-Ling , Chien Wen-Chi , Chuang Yu-Chun , Lee Gene-Hsiang
Published: April 2021

A three-dimensional (3D) polycatenation supramolecular network with chemical formulas, [Zn(bpp)(BDC)]·1.5H2O (1), (bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane, BDC2− = dianion of terephthalic acid), was synthesized and structurally determined. In compound 1, the coordination geometry of Zn(II) ion is distorted tetrahedral, where its 2D undulated layered framework is constructed via the bridges of Zn(II) ions with bpp and BDC2− ligands. Adjacent 2D layers are arranged in a combined parallel and interpenetrated manner to complete its 3D polycatenation supramolecular architecture. Compound 1 shows a one-step dehydration process with the weight losses of 6.1%, approximately equal to the weight percentage of losing 1.5 guest water molecules. The cyclic thermogravimetric analysis reveals that compound 1 shows reversible, sponge-like water de-/adsorption behavior during de-/rehydration processes. Compound 1 also exhibits significant water vapor hysteresis isotherm.
A Systematic Review of Asthma Phenotypes Derived by Data-Driven Methods
Authors: Cunha Francisco , Amaral Rita , Jacinto Tiago , Sousa-Pinto Bernardo , Fonseca João A.
Published: April 2021

Classification of asthma phenotypes has a potentially relevant impact on the clinical management of the disease. Methods for statistical classification without a priori assumptions (data-driven approaches) may contribute to developing a better comprehension of trait heterogeneity in disease phenotyping. This study aimed to summarize and characterize asthma phenotypes derived by data-driven methods. We performed a systematic review using three scientific databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. We included studies reporting adult asthma phenotypes derived by data-driven methods using easily accessible variables in clinical practice. Two independent reviewers assessed studies. The methodological quality of included primary studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. We retrieved 7446 results and included 68 studies of which 65% (n = 44) used data from specialized centers and 53% (n = 36) evaluated the consistency of phenotypes. The most frequent data-driven method was hierarchical cluster analysis (n = 19). Three major asthma-related domains of easily measurable clinical variables used for phenotyping were identified: personal (n = 49), functional (n = 48) and clinical (n = 47). The identified asthma phenotypes varied according to the sample’s characteristics, variables included in the model, and data availability. Overall, the most frequent phenotypes were related to atopy, gender, and severe disease. This review shows a large variability of asthma phenotypes derived from data-driven methods. Further research should include more population-based samples and assess longitudinal consistency of data-driven phenotypes.
Designing and Implementing an In-Service Training Course for School Teams on Inclusive Education: Reflections from Participants
Authors: Kivirand Tiina , Leijen Äli , Lepp Liina , Tammemäe Tiiu
Published: April 2021

Significant and effective implementation of inclusive education (IE) has been a major challenge in many countries during the last decades. Although teachers’ knowledge and skills are considered a key factor for successful inclusive practice, the whole school staff commitment and contribution to implementing IE policies are equally important. Collaboration between different professionals such as teachers, school leaders, and support specialists is crucial. This study aimed to design and implement an in-service training course for school teams (teachers, support specialists, school leaders) on IE in the Estonian context and to explore how participants experienced learning as a team in this course. The results of this study showed that the main aspects of the in-service training for school teams valued by participants were: (1) All topics covered in a systematic and coherent way gave a good opportunity to focus on relevant issues, which should be considered in the schools’ self-development activities in the field of IE; (2) practical approach to training structure helped to identify priority areas that need to be developed in particular schools; (3) learning from each other both within their own school team and across school teams contributed to finding the best solutions for meaningful implementation of IE. The implication of these findings is further discussed in the paper.
Rain Erosion Load and Its Effect on Leading-Edge Lifetime and Potential of Erosion-Safe Mode at Wind Turbines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea
Authors: Hasager Charlotte Bay , Vejen Flemming , Skrzypiński Witold Robert , Tilg Anna-Maria
Published: April 2021

Leading-edge erosion at wind turbine blades cause a loss in profit for wind farm owners, in particular offshore. The characterization of the rain erosion environmental load at wind turbine blades is based on the long-term rain rate and wind speed observations at 10-minute resolutions at coastal stations around the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and inland. It is assumed that an IEA Wind 15 MW turbine is installed at each station. The leading-edge lifetime is found to increase from the South to the North along the German and Danish North Sea coastline from 1.4 to 2.8 years. In the Danish and German Baltic Sea, the lifetime in the West is shorter (~2 years) than further East (~3 to 4 years). It is recommended to use a time series of 10 years or longer because shorter time series most likely will cause an overestimation of the lifetime. The loss in profit due to leading-edge erosion can potentially be reduced by ~70% using the erosion-safe mode, i.e., reduce the tip speed during heavy rain events, to reduce blade erosion, aerodynamic loss, repair costs, and downtime during repair. The aerodynamic loss for the 18 stations is on average 0.46% of the annual energy production.
Analysis of a Multi-Timescale Framework for the Voltage Control of Active Distribution Grids
Authors: De Din Edoardo , Bigalke Fabian , Pau Marco , Ponci Ferdinanda , Monti Antonello
Published: April 2021

The development of strategies for distribution network management is an essential element for increasing network performance and reducing the upgrade of physical assets. This paper analyzes a multi-timescale framework to control the voltage of distribution grids characterized by a high penetration of renewables. The multi-timescale solution is based on three levels that coordinate Distributed Generation (DG) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), but differs in terms of the timescales and objectives of the control levels. Realistic load and photovoltaic generation profiles were created for cloudy and clean sky conditions to evaluate the performance features of the multi-timescale framework. The proposed solution was also compared with different frameworks featuring two of the three levels, to highlight the contribution of the combination of the three levels in achieving the best performance.
Energy Effectiveness or Economic Profitability? A Case Study of Thermal Modernization of a School Building
Authors: Michalak Piotr , Szczotka Krzysztof , Szymiczek Jakub
Published: April 2021

Thermal refurbishment of buildings results in certain energy, financial, and environmental effects. Such investments are financially supported in Poland after meeting the legally defined conditions of thermal protection and energy consumption. This paper presents a complex thermal modernization of a school building, performed by following Polish regulations. A detailed description of the studied object was given, and the calculation procedure was described. Then an optimal variant of an investment and an ex-post analysis were described. Simple payback time (SPBT) of modernization measures was from 15.8 years (insulation of the ceiling under the unheated attic) to 87 years for insulation of the wooden external wall, with 35.6 years for the whole project, which is shorter than the predicted lifespan of the whole building (50–70 years). Annual calculated heating demand decreased from 464.78 to 168.73 GJ, resulting in the primary energy consumption indicator (EP) of 484.44 and 129.46 kWh/m2, respectively. Thermal refurbishment with the replacement of an old boiler into a new wood-pellet one resulted in a significant reduction of SO2 and dust emissions from 451 to 27.5 kg and from 399 to 13 kg, respectively.
A Numerical Model of Biomass Combustion Physical and Chemical Processes
Authors: Ion Ion V. , Popescu Florin , Mahu Razvan , Rusu Eugen
Published: April 2021

Identifying a modeling procedure of biomass thermal decomposition that is not only simple enough to implement and use, and computationally efficient, but also sufficiently accurate for engineering design activities, and with a spectrum of applications as broad as possible is a very difficult task. The authors propose a procedure which consists of two main stages: (a) the static modeling phase with the purpose of generating the algorithm (macro functions) that supplies a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with specific input data (source/sink terms and local material properties) and (b) the dynamic modeling phase, where the CFD model is bi-directionally coupled to the external biomass decomposition model in the form of a User-Defined Function (UDF). The modeling approach was successfully validated against data obtained from single particle decomposition experiments, demonstrating its applicability even to large biomass particles, under high heating rates and combusting conditions.
Analysis of Lumber Prices Time Series Using Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Verly Lopes Dercilio Junior , Bobadilha Gabrielly dos Santos , Peres Vieira Bedette Amanda
Published: April 2021

This manuscript confirms the feasibility of using a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) to forecast lumber stock prices during the great and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic recessions in the USA. The database was composed of 5012 data entries divided into recession periods. We applied a timeseries cross-validation that divided the dataset into an 80:20 training/validation ratio. The network contained five LSTM layers with 50 units each followed by a dense output layer. We evaluated the performance of the network via mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) for 30, 60, and 120 timesteps and the recession periods. The metrics results indicated that the network was able to capture the trend for both recession periods with a remarkably low degree of error. Timeseries forecasting may help the forest and forest product industries to manage their inventory, transportation costs, and response readiness to critical economic events.
Operational Costs of Mid-Performance Forwarders in Czech Forest Bioeconomy
Authors: Dvořák Jiří , Jankovský Martin , Chytrý Martin , Nuhlíček Ondřej , Natov Pavel , Kormanek Mariusz , Löwe Radim
Published: April 2021

Cut-to-length (CTL) operations are expanding in Central European bio-economies. However, they are costly, so efficiency must be maximized. The objective of this study was to analyze direct operational costs of three forwarders from the year 2006 until 2019. Annual amortization, services, materials, and personnel costs were analyzed and compared through ANOVA, trends were analyzed through linear regression. Forwarders LVS 5, John Deere 1010, and John Deere 1110E were deployed in coniferous forest stands with a mean stem volume between 0.10 and 0.84 m3/stem, forwarding distance between 261 and 560 m. The machines forwarded between 4045 and 34,604 m3 of timber per year, over operational times between 490 and 3896 MH (machine hours)/year, reaching machine utilization between 58% and 89%, machine productivity between 3.5 and 12.3 m3/MH, and costs between 20.95 and 84.39 €/MH. The most substantial were personnel costs (35 to 66% of the total costs), followed by materials (14.9–27.1%), amortization (12.5–15.7%), and services (3.3–22.1%). Differences between total operational costs per m3 of machines with different engine powers were not observed.
Geographic Pattern of Sushi Product Misdescription in Italy—A Crosstalk between Citizen Science and DNA Barcoding
Authors: Pappalardo Anna Maria , Raffa Alessandra , Calogero Giada Santa , Ferrito Venera
Published: April 2021

The food safety of sushi and the health of consumers are currently of high concern for food safety agencies across the world due to the globally widespread consumption of these products. The microbiological and toxicological risks derived from the consumption of raw fish and seafood have been highlighted worldwide, while the practice of species substitution in sushi products has attracted the interest of researchers more than food safety agencies. In this study, samples of sushi were processed for species authentication using the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode. The approach of Citizen Science was used to obtain the sushi samples by involving people from eighteen different Italian cities (Northern, Central and Southern Italy). The results indicate that a considerable rate of species substitution exists with a percentage of misdescription ranging from 31.8% in Northern Italy to 40% in Central Italy. The species most affected by replacement was Thunnus thynnus followed by the flying fish roe substituted by eggs of Mallotus villosus. These results indicate that a standardization of fish market names should be realized at the international level and that the indication of the scientific names of species should be mandatory for all products of the seafood supply chain.
Multicriteria Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Capture from a Sunflower Protein Isolate Production Process by-Product by Adsorption Column and Assessment of Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Le Tuong Thi , Ropars Armelle , Aymes Arnaud , Frippiat Jean-Pol , Kapel Romain
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to valorize liquid effluent from the sunflower protein isolate process by extracting phenolic compounds it contains. To do so, XAD7 resin was used. A multicriteria optimization methodology based on design of experiments showed the optimal conditions were adsorption flow rate of 15 BV/h at pH 2.7, a desorption flow rate at 120 BV/h with ethanol/water 50% (v/v). The best trade-off between purity and recovery yields resulted in the production of a fraction containing 76.05% of chlorogenic acid (CGA) whose biological properties were evaluated. DPPH and ABTS tests showed that this fraction had a higher radical scavenging capacity than vitamin C. In vitro assays have shown that this fraction, when used at a concentration corresponding to 50 or 100 µM of CGA, does not present any cytotoxicity on human THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. In addition, this fraction when added prior to the inflammatory stimulus (LPS) can reduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by 22%, thereby highlighting its protective properties against future inflammation.
Optimal State Control of Fractional Order Differential Systems: The Infinite State Approach
Authors: Trigeassou Jean-Claude , Maamri Nezha
Published: April 2021

Optimal control of fractional order systems is a long established domain of fractional calculus. Nevertheless, it relies on equations expressed in terms of pseudo-state variables which raise fundamental questions. So in order remedy these problems, the authors propose in this paper a new and original approach to fractional optimal control based on a frequency distributed representation of fractional differential equations called the infinite state approach, associated with an original formulation of fractional energy, which is intended to really control the internal system state. In the first step, the fractional calculus of variations is revisited to express appropriate Euler Lagrange equations. Then, the quadratic optimal control of fractional linear systems is formulated. Thanks to a frequency discretization technique, the previous theoretical equations are converted into an equivalent large dimension integer order system which permits the implementation of a feasible optimal solution. A numerical example illustrates the validity of this new approach.
Markers to Emigration from North West Sutherland: The Presbyterian Cemeteries of Lot 21 of Prince Edward Island
Authors: Bangor-Jones Malcolm
Published: April 2021

A number of studies of emigrant communities in Canada have utilized the evidence from gravemarkers to indicate place of origin. This investigation of gravemarkers from five Presbyterian cemeteries on Lot 21 of Prince Edward Island demonstrates emigration from an area of the north west Highlands of Scotland to a particular community over a period of approximately 50 years. The chronology of emigration as revealed in the gravemarkers is analysed in the light of what is known about tenurial change within the homeland. Emigrant histories of several individuals or families recorded in two of the cemeteries have been compiled to examine their family and communities in the homeland, to set out the circumstances under which they emigrated and to outline the challenges they faced in Canada. An examination of the evidence from gravemarkers alongside a study of extant surnames and family reconstitution suggests that, in this case, gravemarkers provide a valuable but only partial indication of precise origin.
Role and Modulation of NK Cells in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rubio Marie Thérèse , Dhuyser Adèle , Nguyen Stéphanie
Published: April 2021

Myeloma tumor cells are particularly dependent on their microenvironment and sensitive to cellular antitumor immune response, including natural killer (NK) cells. These later are essential innate lymphocytes implicated in the control of viral infections and cancers. Their cytotoxic activity is regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory signals resulting from the complex interaction of surface receptors and their respective ligands. Myeloma disease evolution is associated with a progressive alteration of NK cell number, phenotype and cytotoxic functions. We review here the different therapeutic approaches that could restore or enhance NK cell functions in multiple myeloma. First, conventional treatments (immunomodulatory drugs-IMids and proteasome inhibitors) can enhance NK killing of tumor cells by modulating the expression of NK receptors and their corresponding ligands on NK and myeloma cells, respectively. Because of their ability to kill by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, NK cells are important effectors involved in the efficacy of anti-myeloma monoclonal antibodies targeting the tumor antigens CD38, CS1 or BCMA. These complementary mechanisms support the more recent therapeutic combination of IMids or proteasome inhibitors to monoclonal antibodies. We finally discuss the ongoing development of new NK cell-based immunotherapies, such as ex vivo expanded killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)-mismatched NK cells, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-NK cells, check point and KIR inhibitors.
Familial Correlates of Leisure Time Activities among Polish Early School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kawalec Anna , Pawlas Krystyna
Published: April 2021

The after-school period may play a critical role in the accumulation of children’s physical activity and sedentary time. The study aimed to characterize familial correlates of early school-age children’s leisure time activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of 223 children (mean age 8.7 ± 0.5) and their parents. The percentage of children with daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) >1 h was 23.32%, and with daily screen time <2 h was 32.74%. The average children’s leisure time physical activity was significantly higher on weekend days than on weekdays (114.85 vs. 89.43 min, p = 0.005). Similarly, the average screen time was higher on weekend days than on weekdays (95.50 vs. 66.10 min, p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that independent predictors of children’s leisure time physical activity were the father’s education level and the father’s occupational status, whereas at least one parent with higher education correlated negatively with children’s longer screen time. The study showed that children’s leisure time activities are associated with parental education and differ significantly between weekdays and weekend days. These findings underline the need for screening for unfavorable health behaviors among early school-age children, and indicate that health promotion programs should be oriented on both parents and children aiming to improve parental health consciousness, reduce screen time and increase physical activity, especially during the weekend.
“East” in Europe—Health Dimension through the Lens of the UK Daily Mail and Statistical Facts
Authors: Lecka Izabella , Pantyley Viktoriya , Fakeyeva Liudmila , Cruceanu Alexandrina
Published: April 2021

The study concerns the relationship between health and geopolitics in the United Kingdom (UK). To demonstrate this relationship, we examined the subject and tone of articles published in the popular media (on the example of tabloid the Daily Mail) in 2006–2020 concerning health and medical care, and the health and health care practice of Eastern European immigrants belonging to and not belonging to the European Union (EU). There was an increase in media criticism of the behaviour of immigrants in the years 2014–2017, in the period around the referendum in favour of the UK leaving the EU (Brexit). Attention was drawn to the media’s use of a Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) narrative at that time. On both sides, “hosts” and the “guests”, a progressive anomy process was observed, degrading the behaviour of individuals and social groups.
Engaging the ‘Missing Men’ in the HIV Treatment Cascade: Creating a Tailored Intervention to Improve Men’s Uptake of HIV Care Services in Rural South Africa: A Study Protocol
Authors: Adeagbo Oluwafemi , Naidoo Kammila
Published: April 2021

Men, especially young men, have been consistently missing from the HIV care cascade, leading to poor health outcomes in men and ongoing transmission of HIV in young women in South Africa. Although these men may not be missing for the same reasons across the cascade and may need different interventions, early work has shown similar trends in men’s low uptake of HIV care services and suggested that the social costs of testing and accessing care are extremely high for men, particularly in South Africa. Interventions and data collection have hitherto, by and large, focused on men in relation to HIV prevention in women and have not approached the problem through the male lens. Using the participatory method, the overall aim of this study is to improve health outcomes in men and women through formative work to co-create male-specific interventions in an HIV-hyper endemic setting in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Does Subjective Dietary Knowledge Affect Sugar-Sweetened Carbonated Beverages Consumption and Child Obesity? Empirical Evidence from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China
Authors: Liu Zeqi , Si Wei , Zhao Qiran , Tao Chang
Published: April 2021

Worldwide, overweight and obesity have become an important public health problem affecting the health of children and adolescents. In China, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached 19 percent among the 6–17-year-old age group. Although studies have shown that regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), especially sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCBs), is positively correlated with overweight and obesity among children, the research on ways to reduce SSBs consumption is scarce. This study fills this gap by analyzing data on nearly 4000 students aged between 9–15 from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, exploring possible influential pathways between subjective dietary knowledge, SSCBs consumption, and child obesity. The estimation results show that SSCBs consumption significantly mediates the relationship between dietary knowledge and the incidence of overweight and obesity; the mediated effects are different among subgroups. Therefore, improving dietary knowledge related to the lowing of SSBs consumption to reduce the obesity risk may be considered a possible way to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Anticoagulated Patients with Warfarin Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Moreno-Drada Johana Alejandra , Silva da Cruz Alex Junio , Soares de Faria Matheus Luis , Miranda Cota Luís Otávio , Parreiras Martins Maria Auxiliadora , Almeida Pordeus Isabela , Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu Mauro Henrique
Published: April 2021

To evaluate factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients under oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Validated questionnaires assessed self-reported periodontal disease, demographic variables, and OHRQoL using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) instrument. After calibration (Kappa > 0.60), an examiner evaluated patients’ experience with dental caries and the need for dental prostheses. Statistical analysis involved proportions and measures of central tendency. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the rate ratios (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The sample consisted of 158 individuals, with a mean age of 58.8 years (SD = 12.1), of which 62.7% of the participants were women. The OHIP-14 mean was 10.62 (SD = 10.92). A higher OHIP-14 total score (worse OHRQoL) was associated with ethnic group, age, periodontal disease self-report, dental caries, and oral health self-report. Demographic and clinical factors can negatively influence the perception of anticoagulated patients on OHRQoL.
Presence of Campylobacterjejuni and C. coli in Dogs under Training for Animal-Assisted Therapies
Authors: Santaniello Antonio , Varriale Lorena , Dipineto Ludovico , Borrelli Luca , Pace Antonino , Fioretti Alessandro , Menna Lucia Francesca
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni and C. coli in dogs at five dog training centers in Southern Italy. A total of 550 animals were sampled by collecting rectal swabs. The samples were processed to detect thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. by culture and molecular methods. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 135/550 (24.5–95% confidence interval) dogs. A total of 84 C. jejuni (62.2%) and 51 C. coli (37.8%) isolates were identified using conventional PCR. The dog data (age, sex, breed, and eating habits) were examined by two statistical analyses using the C. jejuni and C. coli status (positive or negative) as dependent variables. Dogs fed home-cooked food showed a higher risk of being positive for C. jejuni than dogs fed dry or canned meat for dogs (50.0%; p < 0.01). Moreover, purebred dogs had a significantly higher risk than crossbred dogs for C. coli positivity (16.4%; p < 0.01). This is the first study on the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in dogs frequenting dog training centers for animal-assisted therapies (AATs). Our findings emphasize the potential zoonotic risk for patients and users involved in AATs settings and highlight the need to carry out ad hoc health checks and to pay attention to the choice of the dog, as well as eating habits, in order to minimize the risk of infection.
Reply to Comment on Pietrapertosa et al. How to Prioritize Energy Efficiency Intervention in Municipal Public Buildings to Decrease CO2 Emissions? A Case Study from Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4434
Authors: Pietrapertosa Filomena , Tancredi Marco , Giordano Michele , Cosmi Carmelina , Salvia Monica
Published: April 2021

This is a reply to the paper by Miroslav Variny [...]
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Presenting as Asymptomatic Palatal Erythroplakia: Report of a Case
Authors: Lalla Francesca , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Lissoni Alessandra , Arrigoni Gianluigi , Lira Luce Francesca , Abati Silvio
Published: April 2021

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a rare malignant tumor of plasma cells with no systemic spread; however, when it disseminates and affects multiple skeletal sites, it is called multiple myeloma (MM). The etiology of solitary plasmacytoma is unknown, with two possible subtypes: solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) and solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP). We present a case of EMP arising as asymptomatic erythroplakia of the palate, which is rarely described in the literature. The definitive diagnosis was obtained with immunohistochemical studies, after which the lesion was subjected to excisional biopsy. At present, after two years of close follow-up, the patient has shown no signs of relapse or conversion to MM. The uniqueness of the case highlights the possibility of an atypical EMP lesion in the head and neck, thus posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians.
A Pilot Study of the Psychosocial Impact of Low-Cost Assistive Technology for Sexual Functioning in People with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Jiménez Estíbaliz , Ordóñez Feliciano
Published: April 2021

People with acquired brain injury (ABI) face limitations when performing activities of daily living, including sexuality. Despite the common use among this group of assistive technology to compensate for or neutralize the limitations deriving from their condition, there is very little literature on outcome measures in assistive technology for sexual functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of the use of low-cost assistive technology in people with ABI. The sample was made up of 18 users: 15 men and 3 women diagnosed with ABI. The PLISSIT model was used, as well as the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Device Scale—PIADS as an assessment tool. Three types of low-cost assistive technology were developed: seat cushions, bed equipment, and back supports. All three types of AT obtained positive scores on the PIADS total scale and its three subscales: competence, adaptability, and self-esteem. Although the results of this study are positive, more research into outcome measures for products to improve sexual functioning in people with ABI is required.
Community Risk Factors in the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Catalonia (Spain). A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zaldo-Aubanell Quim , Campillo i López Ferran , Bach Albert , Serra Isabel , Olivet-Vila Joan , Saez Marc , Pino David , Maneja Roser
Published: April 2021

The heterogenous distribution of both COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Catalonia (Spain) during the firsts moths of the pandemic suggests that differences in baseline risk factors across regions might play a relevant role in modulating the outcome of the pandemic. This paper investigates the associations between both COVID-19 incidence and mortality and air pollutant concentration levels, and screens the potential effect of the type of agri-food industry and the overall land use and cover (LULC) at area level. We used a main model with demographic, socioeconomic and comorbidity covariates highlighted in previous research as important predictors. This allowed us to take a glimpse of the independent effect of the explanatory variables when controlled for the main model covariates. Our findings are aligned with previous research showing that the baseline features of the regions in terms of general health status, pollutant concentration levels (here NO2 and PM10), type of agri-food industry, and type of land use and land cover have modulated the impact of COVID-19 at a regional scale. This study is among the first to explore the associations between COVID-19 and the type of agri-food industry and LULC data using a population-based approach. The results of this paper might serve as the basis to develop new research hypotheses using a more comprehensive approach, highlighting the inequalities of regions in terms of risk factors and their response to COVID-19, as well as fostering public policies towards more resilient and safer environments.
Effects of Adding Inter-Set Static Stretching to Flywheel Resistance Training on Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Regional Hypertrophy in Young Men
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Ikezu Hirotaka , Sato Shigeru , Yahata Kaoru , Kiyono Ryosuke , Yoshida Riku , Takeuchi Kosuke , Nunes João Pedro
Published: April 2021

Performing static stretching (SS) during resistance training (RT) rest periods is posited to potentiate muscular adaptations, but the literature is scarce on the topic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding inter-set SS to a lower-limb flywheel RT program on joint flexibility, muscular strength, and regional hypertrophy. Sixteen untrained male adults (21 ± 1 y) completed the study, where they performed progressive flywheel bilateral squatting twice a week for 5 weeks. One leg of each participant was randomly allocated to perform SS during the inter-set rest period (RT+SS), while the other leg served as control (RT only). Before and after the intervention, knee flexion range of motion; knee extension isometric, concentric, and eccentric peak torque; 1-repetition maximum; and muscle thickness of the lower-limb muscles were assessed. Following the training period, additional effects were observed for the inter-set SS side on increasing joint flexibility (p < 0.05), whereas the average increase in strength measures was 5.3% for the control side, and 10.1% for the inter-set SS side, however, SS intervention induced significantly greater gains only for knee extension isometric strength, but not for dynamic 1-RM, concentric, and eccentric tests. Hamstrings and gluteus maximus did not hypertrophy with training; increases quadriceps muscle thickness depended on the site/portion analyzed, but no significant difference was observed between legs (average: RT = 7.3%, RT+SS = 8.0%). The results indicate that adding inter-set SS to RT may provide large gains in flexibility, slightly benefits for muscular strength (especially for isometric action), but do not impact muscle hypertrophy in untrained young men.
Exploration of Factors Affecting Post-Secondary Students’ Stress and Academic Success: Application of the Socio-Ecological Model for Health Promotion
Authors: Lisnyj Konrad T. , Pearl David L. , McWhirter Jennifer E. , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: April 2021

Overview: There has been an increase in the frequency and severity of stress experienced by Canadian post-secondary students, which has adverse implications on their academic success. This work applied the socio-ecological model for health promotion to explore the contextual factors that influence this relationship at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy levels. Methods: Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, we conducted 38 semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students and on-campus staff who provide services to this population at a post-secondary institution in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Thematic analysis inductively identified overarching themes among participants’ perspectives. Results: Several positive and negative factors were identified at each socio-ecological model level, demonstrating the complex interplay of demographic, psychological, emotional, social, physical, and academic factors impacting students’ academic stress. Conclusions: A lack of communication and knowledge seems to underlie many factors, highlighting the need to strengthen communication strategies to promote awareness, accessibility, and availability of services and programs on campus. Results also pointed to focusing on proactive, resilience-focused, upstream mental health promotion efforts at post-secondary institutions to reduce stress and improve academic success. This knowledge can help Canadian campuses better address students’ needs.