bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Counts Where? COVID-19 Surveillance in Federal Countries
Authors: Rocco Philip , Rich Jessica A. J. , Klasa Katarzyna , Dubin Kenneth A. , Béland Daniel
Published: June 2021

Context: While the World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidance on COVID-19 surveillance, little is known about implementation of these guidelines in federations, which fragment authority across multiple levels of government. This study examines how subnational governments in federal democracies collect and report data on COVID-19 cases and mortality associated with COVID-19.

Methods: We collected data from subnational government websites in 15 federal democracies to construct indices of COVID-19 data quality. Using bivariate and multivariate regression, we analyzed the relationship between these indices and indicators of state capacity, the decentralization of resources and authority, and the quality of democratic institutions. We supplement these quantitative analyses with qualitative case studies of subnational COVID-19 data in Brazil, Spain, and the United States.

Findings: Subnational governments in federations vary in their collection of data on COVID-19 mortality, testing, hospitalization, and demographics. There are statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between subnational data quality and key indicators of public health system capacity, fiscal decentralization, and the quality of democratic institutions. Case studies illustrate the importance of both governmental and civil-society institutions that foster accountability.

Conclusions: The quality of subnational COVID-19 surveillance data in federations depends in part on public health system capacity, fiscal decentralization, and the quality of democracy.
The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver
Authors: Enstipp Manfred R. , Bost Charles-André , Le Bohec Céline , Chatelain Nicolas , Weimerskirch Henri , Handrich Yves
Published: June 2021

The period of emancipation in seabirds, when juveniles change from a terrestrial existence to a life at sea, is associated with many challenges. Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns and physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. Animals that dive to forage, such as king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), need to acquire an adequate breath-hold capacity, allowing them to locate and capture prey at depth. To investigate the ontogeny of their dive capacity and foraging performance, we implanted juvenile king penguins before their first departure to sea and also adult breeders with a data-logger recording pressure and temperature. We found that juvenile king penguins possess a remarkable dive capacity when leaving their natal colony, enabling them to conduct dives in excess of 100 m within their first week at sea. Despite this, juvenile dive/foraging performance, investigated in relation to dive depth, remained below the adult level throughout their first year at sea, probably reflecting physiological limitations as a result of incomplete maturation. A significantly shallower foraging depth of juveniles, particularly during their first 5 months at sea, could also indicate differences in foraging strategy and targeted prey. The initially greater wiggle rate suggests that juveniles fed opportunistically and also targeted different prey from adults and/or that many of the wiggles of juveniles reflect unsuccessful prey-capture attempts, indicating a lower foraging proficiency. After 5 months, this difference disappeared, suggesting sufficient physical maturation and improvement of juvenile foraging skills.
Treatment Strategies and Prognosis of Patients With Synchronous or Metachronous Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Bakkers C. , Lurvink R. J. , Rijken A. , Nienhuijs S. W. , Kok N. F. , Creemers G. J. , Verhoef C. , Lemmens V. E. , van Erning F. N. , De Hingh I. H.
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aimed to compare treatment strategies and survival of patients with synchronous colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) and patients with metachronous CPM in a nationwide cohort.

Methods

All patients from the Netherlands Cancer Registry with synchronous or metachronous CPM whose primary colorectal cancer (CRC) was diagnosed between 1 January and 30 June 2015 were included in the study. Treatments were categorized as (A) cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy [CRS-HIPEC]; (B) palliative treatment; or (C) best supportive care. Overall survival (OS) for all the patients and disease-free survival (DFS) for those who underwent CRS-HIPEC were compared between the two groups.

Results

Of 7233 patients, 743 had a diagnosis of CPM, including 409 patients with synchronous CPM and 334 patients with metachronous CPM. The median OS was 8.1 months for the patients with synchronous CPM versus 12 months for the patients with metachronous CPM (p = 0.003). After multivariable correction, OS no longer differed between the patients with synchronous CPM and those with metachronous CPM (HR 1.03 [0.83–1.27]). The patients with metachronous CPM more often underwent CRS-HIPEC than the patients with synchronous CPM (16 % vs 8 %; p = 0.001). The two groups did not differ statistically in terms of DFS and OS (median DFS, 21.5 vs 14.1 months, respectively; p = 0.094; median OS, 37.8 vs. 35.8 months, respectively; p = 0.553).

Conclusion

This population-based study showed that survival for the patients with synchronous CPM and patients with metachronous CPM did not significantly differ. This suggests that a similar prognosis may be expected for patients selected for treatment regardless of the onset of CPM.
Is she allowed?
Authors: Davison Clare
Published: June 2021

Dr Clare Davison discusses why midwives and other healthcare professionals need to acknowledge and support women's autonomy in maternity care
Data Tamper Detection from NoSQL Database in Forensic Environment
Authors: Rupali Chopade  , Pachghare Vinod
Published: June 2021

The growth of service sector is increasing the usage of digital applications worldwide. These digital applications are making use of database to store the sensitive and secret information. As the database has distributed over the internet, cybercrime attackers may tamper the database to attack on such sensitive and confidential information. In such scenario, maintaining the integrity of database is a big challenge. Database tampering will change the database state by any data manipulation operation like insert, update or delete. Tamper detection techniques are useful for the detection of such data tampering which play an important role in database forensic investigation process. Use of NoSQL database has been attracted by big data requirements. Previous research work has limited to tamper detection in relational database and very less work has been found in NoSQL database. So there is a need to propose a mechanism to detect the tampering of NoSQL database systems. Whereas this article proposes an idea of tamper detection in NoSQL database such as MongoDB and Cassandra, which are widely used document-oriented and column-based NoSQL database respectively. This research work has proposed tamper detection technique which works in forensic environment to give more relevant outcome on data tampering and distinguish between suspicious and genuine tampering.
Comparison of achromatic doublet on glass Fresnel lenses for concentrator photovoltaics
Authors: Vallerotto Guido , Victoria Marta , Jost Norman , Askins Stephen , Domínguez César , Herrero Rebeca , Antón Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Silicone on glass (SoG) Fresnel lenses are the reference technology in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) because of their simplicity and low cost. Nevertheless, their performance is strongly limited by chromatic aberration. As an alternative, in order to overcome such limitation, achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lenses were proposed. Such lenses are achromatic cemented doublet specifically designed for CPV applications. In this paper, a novel ADG architecture is presented and its performance analyzed and compared to previous proposals. The results show that most of the intrinsic optical losses are minimized and a superior optical efficiency can be achieved. The novel ADG design provides an achromatic lens for CPV whose efficiency is almost equal to the reference SoG technology and, at the same time, maintains all the advantages provided by the achromatic design such as the higher maximum attainable concentration and the strongly reduced temperature dependency.
Accuracy enhanced microwave frequency measurement based on the machine learning technique
Authors: Shi Difei , Li Guangyi , Jia Zhiyao , Wen Jun , Li Ming , Zhu Ninghua , Li Wei
Published: June 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a microwave frequency measurement system based on the photonic technique. An amplitude comparison function is constructed to perform frequency-to-power mapping based on a non-sliced broadband optical source. The results are fed into a machine learning module which can be utilized to minimize the differential mode noise of the system caused by the polarization fluctuation. The system is reconfigurable with adjustable measurement bandwidth by adjusting the dispersion group delay of the signals at orthogonal polarizations by a polarization division multiplexed emulator (PDME). In addition, the mapping relationship is reconstructed by stacking method. The results are fed into four machine learning models: support vector regressor (SVR), KNeighbors regressor (KNN), polynomial regressor (PR) and random forest regressor (RFR). The output of the four models then combined by adding them together using linear regression method. By fitting the relationship between frequency and microwave power ratio with machine learning method, the accuracy of microwave frequency measurement system is further improved. The results show that for a measurement system with a bandwidth of 2 GHz and 4 GHz, the maximum error and the average measurement errors are all reduced. The results are promising for applications of modern radar and electronic warfare systems.
Characterization of vacuum and deep ultraviolet pulses via two-photon autocorrelation signals
Authors: Walker S. , Reiff R. , Jaron-Becker A. , Becker A.
Published: June 2021

Characterization of ultrashort vacuum and deep ultraviolet pulses is important in view of applications of those pulses for spectroscopic and dynamical imaging of atoms, molecules, and materials. We present an extension of the autocorrelation technique, applied for measurement of the pulse duration via a single Gaussian function. Analytic solutions for two-photon ionization of atoms by Gaussian pulses are used along with an expansion of the pulse to be characterized using multiple Gaussians at multi-color central frequencies. This approach allows one to use two-photon autocorrelation signals to characterize isolated ultrashort pulses and pulse trains, i.e., the time-dependent amplitude and phase variation of the electric field. The potential of the method is demonstrated using vacuum and deep ultraviolet pulses and pulse trains obtained from numerical simulations of macroscopic high harmonic spectra.
High-quality rapid fabrication method of a D-shaped optical fiber based on a CO2 laser
Authors: Hu Chang , Ma Xiuquan , Wang Chunming , Zhou Shaowei , Wu Han , Sun Kexiong
Published: June 2021

D-shaped fibers have attracted widespread attention due to their special structure and excellent performances. However, the fabrication of D-shaped fiber faces many challenges. Mechanical polishing and chemical etching are two traditional methods for D-shaped fiber fabrication, in which micro-crack or contamination is unavoidable. In this paper, we report an efficient method to produce D-shaped fiber with a pulsed CO2 laser. The effects of processing parameters on processing efficiency and surface quality are investigated experimentally, and the processing defects such as melting debris and oscillation are also studied. The optimized processing parameters are provided.
Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmen Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
Authors: Castro-Pereira Daniel , Peres Elen A. , Pinto-da-Rocha Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Neosadocusharvestmen are endemic to the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although they are conspicuous and display great morphological variation, their evolutionary history and the biogeographical events underlying their diversification and distribution are still unknown. This contribution aboutNeosadocusincludes the following: a taxonomic revision; a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear markers; an investigation of the genetic structure and species’ diversity in a phylogeographical framework. Our results show thatNeosadocusis a monophyletic group and comprises four species:N.bufo,N.maximus,N.robustusandN.misandrus(which we did not find on fieldwork and only studied the female holotype). There is astonishing male polymorphism inN.robustus, mostly related to reproductive strategies. The following synonymies have resulted from this work:“Bunoweyhia” variabilisMello-Leitão, 1935 =Neosadocus bufo(Mello-Leitão, 1926); and“Bunoweyhia” minorMello-Leitão, 1935 =Neosadocus maximus(Giltay, 1928). Most divergences occurred during the Miocene, a geological epoch marked by intense orogenic and climatic events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intraspecific analyses indicate strong population structure, a pattern congruent with the general behavior and physiological constraints of Neotropical harvestmen.
Epidemiology, treatment, and survival in small cell lung cancer in Spain: Data from the Thoracic Tumor Registry
Authors: Franco Fernando , Carcereny Enric , Guirado Maria , Ortega Ana L. , López-Castro Rafael , Rodríguez-Abreu Delvys , García-Campelo Rosario , del Barco Edel , Juan Oscar , Aparisi Francisco , González-Larriba Jose L. , Domine Manuel , Trigo Jose M. , Cobo Manuel , Cerezo Sara , Calzas Julia , Massutí Bartomeu , Bosch-Barrera Joaquim , García Coves Paola , Domènech Marta , Provencio Mariano
Published: June 2021

Background

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Due to its low prevalence, epidemiological and clinical information of SCLC patients retrieved from lung cancer registries is scarce.

Patients and methods

This was an observational multicenter study that enrolled patients with lung cancer and thoracic tumors, recruited from August 2016 to January 2020 at 50 Spanish hospitals. Demographic and clinical data, treatment patterns and survival of SCLC patients included in the Thoracic Tumor Registry (TTR) were analyzed.

Results

With a total of 956 cases, the age of 64.7 ± 9.1 years, 78.6% were men, 60.6% smokers, and ECOG PS 0, 1 or ≥ 2 in 23.1%, 53.0% and 23.8% of cases, respectively. Twenty percent of patients had brain metastases at the diagnosis. First-line chemotherapy (CT), mainly carboplatin or cisplatin plus etoposide was administered to >90% of patients. In total, 36.0% and 13.8% of patients received a second and third line of CT, respectively. Median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI 8.8–10.2 months), with an estimated rate of 70.3% (95% CI 67.2–73.4%), 38.9% (95% CI 35.4–42.4%), and 14.8% (95% CI 11.8–17.8%) at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. Median progression-free survival was 6.3 months. Higher mortality and progression rates were significantly associated with male sex, older age, smoking habit, and ECOG PS 1–2. Long-term survival (> 2 years) was confirmed in 6.6% of patients, showing a positive correlation with better ECOG PS, poor smoking and absence of certain metastases at diagnosis.

Conclusion

This study provides an updated overview of the clinical situation and treatment landscape of ES-SCLC in Spain. Our results might assist oncologists to improve current clinical practice towards a better prognosis for these patients.
PrintrLab incubator: A portable and low-cost CO2 incubator based on an open-source 3D printer architecture
Authors: Arumugam Arunkumar , Markham Cole , Aykar Saurabh S. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Dixon Paula , Wu Michelle , Wong Season
Published: June 2021

Growth in open-source hardware designs combined with the decreasing cost of high-quality 3D printers have supported a resurgence of in-house custom lab equipment development. Herein, we describe a low-cost (< $400), open-source CO2incubator. The system is comprised of a Raspberry Pi computer connected to a 3D printer controller board that has controls for a CO2sensor, solenoid valve, heater, and thermistors. CO2is supplied through the sublimation of dry ice stored inside a thermos to create a sustained 5% CO2supply. The unit is controlled via G-Code commands sent by the Raspberry Pi to the controller board. In addition, we built a custom software application for remote control and used the open-source Grafana dashboard for remote monitoring. Our data show that we can maintain consistent CO2and temperature levels for over three days without manual interruption. The results from our culture plates and real-time PCR indicate that our incubator performed equally well when compared to a much more expensive commercial CO2incubator. We have also demonstrated that the antibiotic susceptibility assay can be performed in this low-cost CO2incubator. Our work also indicates that the system can be connected to incubator chambers of various chamber volumes.
The epistemic roles of clinical expertise: An empirical study of how Swedish healthcare professionals understand proven experience
Authors: Dewitt Barry , Persson Johannes , Wahlberg Lena , Wallin Annika
Published: June 2021

Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians’ views of their professional expertise, both as a source or body of knowledge and as a skill or quality. We examine how Swedish healthcare personnel view their expertise as captured by the (legally and culturally relevant) Swedish concept of “proven experience,” through a survey administered to a simple random sample of Swedish physicians and nurses (2018, n = 560). This study is the first empirical attempt to analyse the notion of proven experience as it is understood by Swedish physicians and nurses. Using statistical techniques for data dimensionality reduction (confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling), the study provides evidence that the proven experience concept is multidimensional and that a model consisting of three dimensions–for brevity referred to as “test/evidence”, “practice”, and “being an experienced/competent person”–describes the survey responses well. In addition, our results cannot corroborate the widely held assumption in evidence-based medicine that an important component of clinical expertise consists of experience of patients’ preferences.
Raman spectroscopy accurately differentiates mucosal healing from non-healing and biochemical changes following biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Smith Samuel C. L. , Banbury Carl , Zardo Davide , Cannatelli Rosanna , Nardone Olga M. , Shivaji Uday N. , Ghosh Subrata , Oppenheimer Pola Goldberg , Iacucci Marietta
Published: June 2021

Background

Mucosal healing (MH) is a key treatment target in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is defined in endoscopic terms by the newly published PICaSSO score. Raman Spectroscopy (RS) is based on the scattering of inelastic light giving spectra that are highly specific for individual molecules. We aimed to establish spectral changes before and after treatment and whether Raman Spectroscopy is able to accurately differentiate between inflammation and MH.

Methods

Biopsies were taken for ex vivo RS analysis alongside biopsies for histological analysis from IBD patients undergoing optical diagnosis endoscopic assessment. We compared pre- vs. post-biological treatment in IBD patients and healthy controls and active vs. MH in UC and CD. For spectral analysis, we used supervised self-organising maps for separation and classification.

Results

A total of 23 patients (14 IBD, 9 HC) were recruited for comparison of pre- vs. post-biologic treatment and 74 IBD patients were included for the assessment of MH in IBD, giving 9700 Raman Spectra. Spectral differences were seen between pre- and post-treatment which were observed comparing MH vs. active inflammation. Reductions in intensity at 1003cm-1 and 1252cm-1 when a reduction in inflammation was seen post-treatment and when MH was present. MH was associated with an increase in intensity at 1304cm-1. The trained neural network differentiated MH from active inflammation with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in UC of 96.29% (sd 0.94), 95.03% (sd 1.52), 94.89% (sd 1.59), 96.33 (sd 0.97) and 95.65 (sd 0.99) and 96.19% (sd 1.46), 88% (sd 4.20), 86.60% (sd 5.39), 96.55% (sd 1.32) and 91.6% (sd 2.75) in CD respectively.

Conclusion

We demonstrated RS can demonstrate biochemical changes following treatment of IBD and accurately differentiates MH from active inflammation in IBD and might be a future tool to personalise therapeutic management in IBD.
PROJECT FINANCING HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Glotova N. I.
Published: June 2021

Housing construction is one of the main directions of the construction industry, while being a powerful driver of investment and consumer demand. It has a priority social significance and makes a significant contribution to the development of the economy.

Currently, in Russia, an increase in the volume of housing construction and the formation of an affordable housing market through the development of mortgage lending is one of the priority tasks of socio-economic development. Over the past three years, Russia has maintained a stable positive dynamics of housing commissioning. According to preliminary estimates, the targets set by the national project have been exceeded.

The article discusses the mechanism of transition of housing construction to project financing. The dynamics of opening escrow accounts in the context of Russian regions is analyzed. The assessment of the implementation of the preferential mortgage program in housing construction was carried out. The necessity of further improvement of the housing lending mechanism in modern conditions with the use of state support instruments is argued.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPROVING LOCAL PRODUCTION SPECIALIZATION: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Kovaleva I. V. , Kudinova M. G. , Kucherenko T. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the development of rural areas in the context of improving local production specialization. The possibility of successful specialization of the region is significantly influenced by the location of economic entities. Taking into account regional features of localization (placement) of economic entities in the process of developing and implementing significant indicators will contribute to the development of the Russian Federation’s subjects in the process of economic activity. The state forms economic relations with firms and households that are geographically located in a specific subject, forming a certain regional specialization. Factors and criteria of local production specialization are revealed. development of the territory that allows building economic relations between States, firms, and households aimed at providing and satisfying needs that are historically defined and localized in socio — economic time and space. The indicated economic structure of the region, taking into account local production specialization, allows us to state the fact that the region consists of many local territories, which are classified according to their borders. As for the specialization of the region, it can be adjusted depending on the economic structure of the region and its development features.
Tip-in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for 15- to 25-mm Colorectal Adenomas: A Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial (STAR Trial)
Authors: Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Ito Sayo , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Kishida Yoshihiro , Yabuuchi Yohei , Yoshida Masao , Kawata Noboru , Tanaka Masaki , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Mori Keita , Oishi Takuma , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

One-piece endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for lesions >15 mm is still unsatisfactory, and attempted 1-piece EMR for lesions >25 mm can increase perforation risk. Therefore, modifications to ensure 1-piece EMR of 15- to 25-mm lesions would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Tip-in EMR, which anchors the snare tip within the submucosal layer, increases en bloc resection for 15- to 25-mm colorectal lesions compared with EMR.

METHODS:

In this prospective randomized controlled trial, patients with nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms of 15–25 mm in size were recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo Tip-in EMR or standard EMR, stratified by age, sex, tumor size category, and tumor location. The primary endpoint was the odds ratio of en bloc resection adjusted by location and size category. Adverse events and procedure time were also evaluated.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 41 lesions in the Tip-in EMR group and 41 lesions in the EMR group. En bloc resection was achieved in 37 (90.2%) patients undergoing Tip-in EMR and 30 (73.1%) who had EMR. The adjusted odds ratio of en bloc resection in Tip-in EMR vs EMR was 3.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–13.6, P = 0.040). The Tip-in EMR and EMR groups did not differ significantly in adverse event rates (0% vs 4.8%) or median procedure times (7 vs 5 minutes).

DISCUSSION:

In this single-center randomized controlled trial, we found that Tip-in EMR significantly improved the en bloc resection rate for nonpolypoid lesions 15–25 mm in size, with no increase in adverse events or procedure time.
Coopérer dans une équipe de projet entrepreneurial: une affaire de leadership ?
Authors: Verzat Caroline , O'Shea Noreen
Published: June 2021

L’apprentissage coopératif, qualifié par le partage et l’entraide entre les apprenants, représente un des 4 piliers de référence pour la pédagogie par projets dans le domaine de l’entrepreneuriat (Surlemont et Kearney, 2009). Mais, à ce jour, il n’existe pas de description fine des différents niveaux de coopération générés par les équipes-projet ni d’étude de l’interdépendance effective entre coopération et réussite des projets. Notre recherche tente d’y répondre. Nous avons choisi une approche qualitative basée sur l’analyse des récits d’expérience vécue par 13 équipes-projets en entrepreneuriat, soit 66 étudiants inscrits en Master 1 ou 2 dans deux écoles de commerce en France. Les résultats des analyses, obtenus à l’aide du logiciel NVivo ont permis d’identifier 4 idéaux-types d’équipes. Dans deux types d’équipes, on peut distinguer deux natures différentes de pratiques coopératives ; un troisième s’appuie plutôt sur des pratiques collaboratives et le quatrième n’est ni coopératif, ni collaboratif. Les différents types de coopération et de collaboration ont également une relation directe avec la configuration de leadership établie, le niveau d’implication des membres et la qualité de la production.
Évaluations par Cartes Conceptuelles à trous et apprentissage par les pairs
Authors: Guisset Manuela , Coertjens Liesje , De Jaeger Dominique , Lobet Guillaume , Servais Olivier , Wertz Vincent , Willems Patrick , Rees Jean-François
Published: June 2021

Cet article décrit un nouveau dispositif d’évaluation des acquis d’apprentissage basé sur des cartes conceptuelles « à trous » (CCàT) permettant également l’apprentissage par les pairs en grands auditoires durant les tests et une correction automatisée par des formulaires QCM.L’intérêt du dispositif est de garantir une évaluation qualitative (à haut niveau taxonomique) des apprentissages tout en facilitant la conception et la correction de ces évaluations par l’enseignant, même pour de grands groupes d’étudiants (>500) et en favorisant la coopération entre étudiants en amont et pendant les évaluations.
Accompagner les étudiants bacheliers bioingénieurs dans le développement de leurs compétences transversales
Authors: Descamps Charlotte , Gaspard François , Delmelle Pierre , Jacquemart Anne-Laure , Lecoq Julie
Published: June 2021

Cet article propose de décrire la conception, le déroulé et l’évaluation de quatre modules de formation aux compétences transversales instaurés dans le cadre d’une réforme du programme de bachelier dans la Faculté des bioingénieurs de l’UCLouvain en réponse à deux enjeux facultaires : 1) intégrer les disciplines dans un contexte plus appliqué et 2) développer les compétences transversales des futurs bioingénieurs. Le scénario des modules prenait pour point d’ancrage la connaissance de soi et la conscience des différences interpersonnelles et visait un développement progressif des compétences de collaboration, d’organisation et de communication, en articulation directe à la réalisation d’un projet. Quarante-quatre équipes d’étudiants ont pris part au dispositif. Celui-ci a fait l’objet d’une évaluation quantitative (enquête) et qualitative (focus group). Les résultats intègrent des mesures de l’efficacité du groupe et des émotions vécues.
Fusion d’un cours de chimie et de physique par l’apprentissage par problèmes (APP) : mise en place, améliorations et incidences chez les étudiants
Authors: Darie Céline , Durand Christophe
Published: June 2021

La démarche de fusion de deux cours théoriques a pour objectif de donner plus de sens réciproquement à chacun d’eux pour une meilleure adhésion et une meilleure réussite aux examens des étudiants. La mise en œuvre d’une méthodologie APP (Apprentissage par problèmes) a été retenue comme préalable. Une expérimentation sur trois ans du dispositif est décrite avec ses évolutions et l’analyse des résultats notamment sur ces deux points : l’adhésion des étudiants et la réussite aux examens.
Comércio de varejo de substâncias psicoativas ilícitas: sentidos de sua prática criminalização seletiva
Authors: BACELLAR G. R. , RODRIGUES M. B. F.
Published: June 2021

The following article discusses various aspects of the trade of illicit psychoactive substances based on an analysis of reports obtained in semi-structured interviews with perpetrators of these practices and residents in the Greater Vitória region and the city of Piúma, both in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. By interviewing individuals condemned for drug trafficking, who found themselves at the time of the interviews serving time in an open scheme after a certain period of imprisonment, it was observed that they tended to return to such behavior for the same reasons that lead any young person to become involved in formal activities for generating income, which were, however, not available to this group. We discuss the disproportionality of the State’s current treatment method and the problem of the trade of illicit substances, whose format has also adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic, expanding to encompass the delivery model.
Urbanização e crescimento da cidade de Juiz de Fora: Aspectos político-criminais na transição do século XIX para o XX
Authors: RODRIGUES E. C. C. , VALENTE M. J. B. , GARCIA L. C. , BRITTO N. M. , GUIMARÂES Pedro
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the process of urbanization and growth in the city of Juiz de Fora in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais during the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. We problematize the relationship between this process, marked by a developmentalist and elitist ideology, and the construc-tion of the political-criminal and punitive framework in the municipality. Based on the dialogue between his-torical studies on the city and the theoretical frameworks of critical criminology, we observe the bonds connecting the processes of urbanization and development and the punitive economy during the period under study, along with the social and criminal impacts throughout the course of the city’s history.
Fishing, fish consumption, urbanism and migrants at Tel Bet Yerah, 3200–2700 BC
Authors: Lernau Omri , Shapiro Jamie , Paz Sarit , Greenberg Raphael
Published: June 2021

The role and significance of fish and fishing in the ancient Near East has been little studied. A new assemblage of fish remains and fishing gear recovered from Bronze Age Bet Yerah on the Sea of Galilee, however, offers insights into the transition from village to town life, and illuminates interactions between local populations and incoming groups. The assemblage also reveals temporal and spatial variations in the utilisation of local fish resources. As the first such assemblage obtained from a systematically sampled Early Bronze Age stratigraphic sequence in the Southern Levant, it highlights the contribution of secondary food-production and -consumption activities to the interpretation of socio-cultural change.
Heterogeneity of G protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Abid Hasnat Ali , Inoue Asuka , Gorvin Caroline M
Published: June 2021

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a fundamental role in extracellular calcium (Ca2+e) homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone release and urinary calcium excretion. The CaSR has been described to activate all four G protein subfamilies (Gαq/11, Gαi/o, Gα12/13, Gαs), and mutations in the receptor that cause hyper/hypocalcaemia, have been described to bias receptor signalling. However, many of these studies are based on measurements of second messengers or gene transcription that occurs many steps downstream of receptor activation and can represent convergence points of several signalling pathways. Therefore, to assess CaSR-mediated G protein activation directly, we took advantage of a recently described NanoBiT G protein dissociation assay system. Our studies, performed in HEK293 cells stably expressing CaSR, demonstrate that Ca2+e stimulation activates all Gαq/11 family and several Gαi/o family proteins, although Gαz was not activated. CaSR stimulated dissociation of Gα12/13 and Gαs from Gβ-subunits, but this occurred at a slower rate than that of other Gα-subunits. Investigation of cDNA expression of G proteins in three tissues abundantly expressing CaSR, the parathyroids, kidneys and pancreas, showed Gα11, Gαz, Gαi1 and Gα13 genes were highly expressed in parathyroid tissue, indicating CaSR most likely activates Gα11 and Gαi1 in parathyroids. In kidney and pancreas, the majority of G proteins were similarly expressed, suggesting CaSR may activate multiple G proteins in these cells. Thus, these studies validate a single assay system that can be used to robustly assess CaSR variants and biased signalling and could be utilised in the development of new pharmacological compounds targeting CaSR.
wahkotowin: Reconnecting to the Spirit of nêhiyawêwin (Cree Language)
Authors: Napier Kyle , Whiskeyjack Lana
Published: June 2021

The Spirit of the Language project looks to the Spirit of nêhiyawêwin (Cree language), sources of disconnection between nêhiyawak (Cree people) in Treaty 6 and the Spirit of nêhiyawêwin, and the process of reconnection to the Spirit of the language as voiced by nêhiyawak. The two researchers behind this project are nêhiyaw language-learners who identify as insider-outsiders in this work. The work is founded in Indigenous Research Methodologies, with a particular respect to ceremony, community protocol, consent, and community participation, respect and reciprocity. We identified the Spirit of the language as having three distinct strands: history, harms, and healing. The Spirit of Indigenous languages is dependent on its history of land, languages, and laws. We then identified the harms or catalysts of disconnect from the Spirit of the language as colonization, capitalism, and Christianity. The results of our community work have identified the methods for healing, or reconnecting to the Spirit of language, by way of autonomy, authority, and agency.
iciHHV-6 in a Patient With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Biswas Lisa , Crain Noreen , Spaeder Michael C. , Gomez Robert J. , Starolis Meghan , Poulter Melinda D. , Zeichner Steven L.
Published: June 2021

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening late complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with multiorgan involvement and evidence of immune activation. The pathogenesis of MIS-C is not known, nor is the pathogenesis of the severe organ damage that is the hallmark of MIS-C. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), the virus responsible for roseola, is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that causes close to universal infection by the age of 3 years. HHV-6 remains latent for life and can be activated during inflammatory states, by other viruses, and by host cell apoptosis. HHV-6 has been associated with end-organ diseases, including hepatitis, carditis, and encephalitis. In addition, ∼1% of people have inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (iciHHV-6), which is HHV-6 that has been integrated into chromosomal telomeric regions and is transmitted through the germ line. iciHHV-6 can be reactivated and has been associated with altered immune responses. We report here a case of MIS-C in which an initial high HHV-6 DNA polymerase chain reaction viral load assay prompted testing for iciHHV-6, which yielded a positive result. Additional research may be warranted to determine if iciHHV-6 is commonly observed in patients with MIS-C and, if so, whether it may play a part in MIS-C pathogenesis.
Comparison of railway lines in Poland concerning use in freight transport
Authors: Kamiński Wojciech
Published: June 2021

This article considers factors of number of sidings and the occurrences of transit traffic and presents a comparison of selected railway lines in Poland. Multi-criteria analysis methods were used, like the zero unitarization method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method. The comparison made it possible to arrange the selected railway lines in the order from the most to the least useful. The obtained results showed also that zero unitarization method is limited only to the analysis of all lines on which transit traffic occurs or all lines without transit traffic. The comparison of all lines is possible using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method.
Measuring the effects of heated windows on thermal comfort
Authors: Cakó Balázs , Lovig Dalma , Ózdi András
Published: June 2021

During the following research project, the effects of an electrically heated window on the thermal comfort parameters of permanently occupied spaces were examined. A thermal manikin and a Testo 400 comfort-meter were used for the tests. To characterize the space, the predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dis-satisfied method was applied. The examination of the comfort indices took place in the vicinity of an electrically heated window glass. During the measurements the surface temperature of the glazing was changed, alongside the distance from the glazing at which the measuring instruments were set up. The project aimed to assess the results measured by the thermal manikin and assess the usability of heated window glazing, taking thermal comfort into account.
Preliminary Study on Antibacterial Activity of Sawo Kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) Roots Extract
Authors: Pratiwi Novida , Retnosari Rini , Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi
Published: June 2021

The roots of sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) contain astringent that can be used to treat diarrhea for infants. However, the active antibacterial substance in sawo kecik roots has not been known. Therefore, the research to understand the antimicrobial activity of sawo kecik roots extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Sawo kecik roots were macerated using methanol and chloroform. The result was then treated with E.coli and S.aureus with a concentration of 5 ppm and compared to negative control (solvent) and further observed and analyzed how reduced the bacterial growth with Two Ways ANOVA without interaction. The research results indicated that the sawo kecik roots methanol extract was effective to slow down the growth of S.aureus (0.160 ± 0.007) but ineffective against E.coli, whereas sawo kecik roots chloroform extract was not effective to reduce both bacteria. It can be concluded that further research is required to measure and verify the antibacterial activity of the extract using higher concentration samples and different research methodology.
“No, Teach Yourself!”: College Women’s Expectations for White Men’s Awareness of Privilege and Oppression
Authors: Lozano Adele , Vianden Jörg , Kieler Paige
Published: June 2021

Addressing gender inequities in higher education must begin with the acknowledgement that men play a key role in creating change. The purpose of this qualitative study is to center and raise the experiences of women students, and to communicate to men who are students, faculty, and administrators what women students expect from them in terms of privilege and oppression awareness. Findings indicate that women students felt criticized, judged, and underestimated by men, and expected men to self-educate to become aware of and interrogate their own privileges. The authors provide recommendations for higher education teaching and learning, focusing on attitudes and behaviors of White men in the academy.
White Higher Education Leaders on the Complexities of Whiteness and Anti-Racist Leadership
Authors: Evatt-Young Dustin , Bryson Brandy
Published: June 2021

In the midst of a global pandemic, racialized violence, and civil unrest, higher education leaders are faced with a difficult reality as their constituents call for meaningful engagemen­­­t and leadership. While many higher education institutions claim to value racial equity and inclusion and have identified them as hallmarks in their mission statements or strategic plans, a culture of whiteness and everyday white supremacy continue to plague higher education institutions. Given the limited research that examines White higher education leaders’ perspectives on race, racism and anti-racist leadership efforts, this critical phenomenological study explores how ten White higher education leaders navigate racial equity efforts at their institutions and the role their racial identity plays in the process. Specifically, this study examines the complexities and intricacies of whiteness in higher education and offers insight into the development of anti-racist policies, practices, and tools for White higher education leaders to begin thinking about their work in relation to their whiteness.
Some morals from the physico-mathematical character of scientific laws
Authors: Soto Cristian
Published: June 2021

Abstract This article derives some morals from the examination of the physico-mathematical view of scientific laws and its place in the current philosophical debate on laws of nature. After revisiting the expression scientific law, which appears in scientific practice under various names (such as laws, principles, equations, symmetries, and postulates), I briefly assess two extreme, opposite positions in the literature on laws, namely, full-blown metaphysics of laws of nature, which distinguishes such laws from the more mundane laws that we find in science; and nomological eliminativism, which ultimately contends that we should dispense with laws in science altogether. I argue that both positions fail to make sense of the laws that we find in scientific practice. For this, I outline the following twofold claim: first, most laws in physics are abstract mathematical statements; and second, they express some of the best physical generalisations achieved in this branch of science. Thus understood, a minimal construal of laws suggests that they are in principle intended to refer to those features of phenomena whose salience and stability are relevant for specific scientific tasks.
Processo de trabalho como processo de valorização: Determinação categorial particular em O Capital
Authors: Alves Antônio José Lopes
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Neste trabalho, pretende-se explicitar e discutir os principais elementos categoriais que integram a análise marxiana da atividade produtiva, em O Capital, intentando analisar o caráter da contradição imanente ao processo de trabalho levado a efeito como processo de valorização. Para tanto, tomar-se-á para exame a integralidade do Capítulo 5 - O processo de trabalho e o processo de valorização, buscando-se delinear as conexões internas da criação do valor valorizado como forma social historicamente determinada de produção da vida humana. A tensão interna da produção dos valores de uso como portadores do valor/mais-valor, existente como mercadoria, deverá ser esclarecida em sua tessitura própria, tendo em vista inclusive as implicações disto para as demais dimensões da interatividade social. A presente reflexão categorial objetiva também esclarecer as linhas fundamentais do modo de produzir e ser da vida social dos indivíduos que participam do processo, subsumidos nas suas diferentes funções. Este trabalho explicita os resultados de projeto de pesquisa Força de Trabalho, Capital e Individualidade, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFMG.
Comprensión como participación: dialéctica entre la particularidad y la generalidad en la hermenéutica de Gadamer
Authors: Barros María del Rosario Gazmuri
Published: June 2021

Resumen: El presente artículo se propone exponer la noción gadameriana de comprensión como participación, con el objetivo de mostrar cómo se produce el juego entre la particularidad de la interpretación y la pretensión de generalidad supuesta en el hecho de que toda interpretación pertenece a una tradición. A partir de la perspectiva ganada por la ontología de la obra de arte, específicamente la obra de arte teatral, el presente artículo indagará en las nociones centrales de la hermenéutica filosófica de Gadamer. En primer lugar, las nociones de representación y mediación, cruciales para comprender qué es la comprensión para nuestro autor. En segundo lugar, se presentará el problema de la temporalidad de la representación, cara a, en tercer lugar, exponer qué significa, en sentido propio, interpretación en la hermenéutica gadameriana. Por último, se abordará la cuestión de la tarea hermenéutica en medio de la historicidad, en la que concurren la particularidad y la generalidad.
Da natureza à cultura: o problema da proibição do incesto na antropologia de Rousseau
Authors: Bandera Mauro Dela
Published: June 2021

Resumo: A dicotomia mundo físico/mundo moral é característica do século XVIII francês. Refere-se às dimensões biológicas naturais e às dimensões morais do homem. Muitos autores do Iluminismo desejaram retraçar a história conjectural ou as metamorfoses sucessivas que levaram à passagem do homem físico para o homem moral. Essa temática se faz também presente na obra de Rousseau, sendo percebida e traduzida por Lévi-Strauss como a passagem da natureza à cultura. A hipótese desenvolvida neste artigo é de que a inscrição da interdição do incesto - presente na obra de Rousseau - ocupa uma função e uma significação muito próximas das reflexões de Lévi-Strauss, observadas nas Estruturas elementares do parentesco. Como em Lévi-Strauss, essa proibição marca para Rousseau o início do processo de formação cultural, o instante fundador da cultura. Ela explicita de maneira privilegiada o ponto por meio do qual os processos culturais se distinguem da esfera natural, o momento em que o homem deixa de seguir o mero instinto e passa a respeitar princípios morais construídos socialmente.