bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards soil-transmitted helminths transmission interruption: The impact of diagnostic tools on infection prediction in a low intensity setting in Southern Mozambique
Authors: Grau-Pujol Berta , Martí-Soler Helena , Escola Valdemiro , Demontis Maria , Jamine Jose Carlos , Gandasegui Javier , Muchisse Osvaldo , Cambra-Pellejà Maria , Cossa Anelsio , Martinez-Valladares Maria , Sacoor Charfudin , Van Lieshout Lisette , Cano Jorge , Giorgi Emanuele , Muñoz Jose
Published: October 2021

World Health Organization goals against soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are pointing towards seeking their elimination as a public health problem: reducing to less than 2% the proportion of moderate and heavy infections. Some regions are reaching WHO goals, but transmission could rebound if strategies are discontinued without an epidemiological evaluation. For that, sensitive diagnostic methods to detect low intensity infections and localization of ongoing transmission are crucial. In this work, we estimated and compared the STH infection as obtained by different diagnostic methods in a low intensity setting. We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 792 participants from a district in Mozambique. Two stool samples from two consecutive days were collected from each participant. Samples were analysed by Telemann, Kato-Katz and qPCR for STH detection. We evaluated diagnostic sensitivity using a composite reference standard. By geostatistical methods, we estimated neighbourhood prevalence of at least one STH infection for each diagnostic method. We used environmental, demographical and socioeconomical indicators to account for any existing spatial heterogeneity in infection. qPCR was the most sensitive technique compared to composite reference standard: 92% (CI: 83%– 97%) for A. lumbricoides, 95% (CI: 88%– 98%) for T. trichiura and 95% (CI: 91%– 97%) for hookworm. qPCR also estimated the highest neighbourhood prevalences for at least one STH infection in a low intensity setting. While 10% of the neighbourhoods showed a prevalence above 20% when estimating with single Kato-Katz from one stool and Telemann from one stool, 86% of the neighbourhoods had a prevalence above 20% when estimating with qPCR. In low intensity settings, STH estimated prevalence of infection may be underestimated if based on Kato-Katz. qPCR diagnosis outperformed the microscopy methods. Thus, implementation of qPCR based predictive maps at STH control and elimination programmes would disclose hidden transmission and facilitate targeted interventions for transmission interruption.
Emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 in Mauritania and molecular characterization of its circulation in West Africa
Authors: Fourié Toscane , El Bara Ahmed , Dubot-Pérès Audrey , Grard Gilda , Briolant Sébastien , Basco Leonardo K. , Ouldabdallahi Moukah Mohamed , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle
Published: October 2021

The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The first epidemic of laboratory-confirmed dengue occurred in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania situated in the Saharan desert, in 2014. On-site diagnosis of dengue fever was established using a rapid diagnostic test for dengue. In parallel, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the city was confirmed. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed that all samples from the 2014 dengue epidemic in Nouakchott were dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The whole genome or envelope protein gene of these strains, together with other DENV-2 strains obtained from travelers returning from West African countries to France between 2016 and 2019 (including two Mauritanian strains in 2017 and 2018), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent emergence of an epidemic strain from the cosmopolitan genotype belonging to West African cosmopolitan lineage II, which is genetically distinct from African sylvatic genotype. The origin of this DENV-2 lineage is still unknown, but our data seem to suggest a recent and rapid dispersion of the epidemic strain throughout the region. More complete genome sequences of West African DENV-2 are required for a better understanding of the dynamics of its circulation. Arboviral surveillance and outbreak forecasting are urgently needed in West Africa.
Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mulinganya Guy , De Vulder Annelies , Bisimwa Ghislain , Boelens Jerina , Claeys Geert , De Keyser Karen , De Vos Daniel , Hendwa Erick , Kampara Freddy , Kujirakwinja Yvette , Mongane Jules , Mubalama Innocent , Vaneechoutte Mario , Callens Steven , Cools Piet
Published: October 2021

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), neonatal mortality rate is as high as 2.8 percent with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) as leading causes. Because no studies have addressed BV in DRC, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of BV, the risk factors and the association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women from Bukavu, DRC.

Methods

A total of 533 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy were recruited in the Provincial Reference Hospital of Bukavu, DRC, between January and October 2017, and followed until delivery. Clinical and sociodemographic data of mother and newborn, and data on (vaginal) hygiene practices, sexual behavior and reproductive history were collected. BV was diagnosed by Nugent scoring of Gram-stained vaginal smears. Two multivariate regression models were built to identify risk factors for BV and to investigate BV as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Results

The prevalence of BV was 26.3% and approximately half of the women with BV were asymptomatic. Independent risk factors for BV were the use of alternatives to water for intravaginal washing, concurrent partners, unemployed status, the presence of vaginalCandidaand clay consumption. BV was independently associated with both LBW and PTB of an infant with LBW.

Conclusion

The prevalence of BV in Bukavu is high but in line with the global average. BV was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in our study population. Hence, research on modifiable risk factor-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of BV, and on screening/treatment of BV during antenatal care should be explored to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Validation study of Boil & Spin Malachite Green Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (B&S MG-LAMP) versus microscopy for malaria detection in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Barazorda Keare A. , Salas Carola J. , Braga Greys , Ricopa Leonila , Ampuero Julia S. , Siles Crystyan , Sanchez Juan F. , Montano Silvia , Lizewski Stephen E. , Joya Christie A. , Bishop Danett K. , Valdivia Hugo O.
Published: October 2021

Malaria elimination efforts in Peru have dramatically reduced the incidence of cases in the Amazon Basin. To achieve the elimination, the detection of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers becomes a priority. Therefore, efforts should focus on tests sensitive enough to detect low-density parasitemia, deployable to resource-limited areas and affordable for large screening purposes. In this study, we assessed the performance of the Malachite–Green LAMP (MG-LAMP) using heat-treated DNA extraction (Boil & Spin; B&S MG-LAMP) on 283 whole blood samples collected from 9 different sites in Loreto, Peru and compared its performance to expert and field microscopy. A real-time PCR assay was used to quantify the parasite density. In addition, we explored a modified version of the B&S MG-LAMP for detection of submicroscopic infection in 500 samples and compared the turnaround time and cost of the MG-LAMP with microscopy. Compared to expert microscopy, the genus B&S MG-LAMP had a sensitivity of 99.4% (95%CI: 96.9%– 100%) and specificity of 97.1% (95%CI: 91.9%– 99.4%). The P. vivax specific B&S MG-LAMP had a sensitivity of 99.4% (96.6%– 100%) and specificity of 99.2% (95.5%– 100%) and the P. falciparum assay had a sensitivity of 100% (95%CI: 78.2%– 100%) and specificity of 99.3% (95%CI: 97.3%– 99.8%). The modified genus B&S MG-LAMP assay detected eight submicroscopic malaria cases (1.6%) which the species-specific assays did not identify. The turnaround time of B&S MG-LAMP was faster than expert microscopy with as many as 60 samples being processed per day by field technicians with limited training and utilizing a simple heat-block. The modified B&S MG-LAMP offers a simple and sensitive molecular test of choice for the detection of submicroscopic infections that can be used for mass screening in resources limited facilities in endemic settings nearing elimination and where a deployable test is required.
Association between prehospital field to emergency department delta shock index and in-hospital mortality in patients with torso and extremity trauma: A multinational, observational study
Authors: Kim Dae Kon , Jeong Joo , Shin Sang Do , Song Kyoung Jun , Hong Ki Jeong , Ro Young Sun , Kim Tae Han , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah ,   for the PATOS Clinical Research Network
Published: October 2021

Hemorrhage, a main cause of mortality in patients with trauma, affects vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rate. Shock index (SI), calculated as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, is widely used to estimate the shock status of patients with hemorrhage. The difference in SI between the emergency department and prehospital field can indirectly reflect urgency after trauma. We aimed to determine the association between delta SI (DSI) and in-hospital mortality in patients with torso or extremity trauma. Patients with DSI >0.1 are expected to be associated with high mortality. This retrospective, observational study used data from the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study. Patients aged 18–85 years with abdomen, chest, upper extremity, lower extremity, or external injury location were included. Patients from China, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam; those who were transferred from another facility; those who were transferred without the use of emergency medical service; those with prehospital cardiac arrest; those with unknown exposure and outcomes were excluded. The exposure and primary outcome were DSI and in-hospital mortality, respectively. The secondary and tertiary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) admission and massive transfusion, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between DSI and outcome. In total, 21,534 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 3,033 patients with DSI >0.1. The in-hospital mortality rate in the DSI >0.1 and ≤0.1 groups was 2.0% and 0.8%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the DSI ≤0.1 group was considered the reference group. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of in-hospital mortality in the DSI >0.1 group were 2.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88–3.42) and 2.82 (95% CI 2.08–3.84), respectively. The urgency of traumatic hemorrhage can be determined using DSI, which can help hospital staff to provide proper trauma management, such as early trauma surgery or embolization.
Does ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) induce subjective feelings of social connection in humans? A multilevel meta-analysis
Authors: Regan Annie , Margolis Seth , de Wit Harriet , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: October 2021

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychostimulant known for producing positive subjective effects and for enhancing social functioning and social connection in both clinical and recreational settings. Over the past two decades, scientists have begun to study the psychological effects of MDMA through rigorous placebo-controlled experimental work. However, most existing studies have small Ns, and the average sizes of the reported effects are unknown, creating uncertainty about the impact of these findings. The goal of the present study was to quantify the strength of MDMA’s effects on self-reported social connection by aggregating sociability-related outcomes across multiple placebo-controlled studies. To this end, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis based on 27 studies, 54 effect sizes, and a total of 592 participants. The results revealed a moderate-to-large effect (d = 0.86; 95% CI [0.68, 1.04]; r = .39; 95% CI [.32, .46]) of MDMA on self-reported sociability-related outcomes (e.g., feeling loving, talkative, and friendly). Given the magnitude of its effect on felt sociability, we propose that MDMA may have powerful implications for a variety of social contexts and for clinical settings, in particular. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDMA and sociability-related feelings, as well as future directions for experimental work in this area.
Long-term stability of physiological signals within fluctuations of brain state under urethane anesthesia
Authors: Silver Nicholas R. G. , Ward-Flanagan Rachel , Dickson Clayton T.
Published: October 2021

Urethane, an acute laboratory anesthetic, produces distinct neurophysiological and physiological effects creating an effective model of the dynamics of natural sleep. As a model of both sleep-like neurophysiological activity and the downstream peripheral function urethane is used to model a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. As urethane is typically administered as a single-bolus dose, it is unclear the stability of peripheral physiological functions both within and between brain-states under urethane anesthesia. In this present study, we recorded respiration rate and heart rate concurrently with local field potentials from the neocortex and hippocampus to determine the stability of peripheral physiological functions within and between brain-states under urethane anesthesia. Our data shows electroencephalographic characteristics and breathing rate are remarkable stable over long-term recordings within minor reductions in heart rate on the same time scale. Our findings indicate that the use of urethane to model peripheral physiological functions associated with changing brain states are stable during long duration experiments.
Evaluating sources of technical variability in the mechano-node-pore sensing pipeline and their effect on the reproducibility of single-cell mechanical phenotyping
Authors: Li Brian , Cotner Kristen L. , Liu Nathaniel K. , Hinz Stefan , LaBarge Mark A. , Sohn Lydia L.
Published: October 2021

Cellular mechanical properties can reveal physiologically relevant characteristics in many cell types, and several groups have developed microfluidics-based platforms to perform high-throughput single-cell mechanical testing. However, prior work has performed only limited characterization of these platforms’ technical variability and reproducibility. Here, we evaluate the repeatability performance of mechano-node-pore sensing, a single-cell mechanical phenotyping platform developed by our research group. We measured the degree to which device-to-device variability and semi-manual data processing affected this platform’s measurements of single-cell mechanical properties. We demonstrated high repeatability across the entire technology pipeline even for novice users. We then compared results from identical mechano-node-pore sensing experiments performed by researchers in two different laboratories with different analytical instruments, demonstrating that the mechanical testing results from these two locations are in agreement. Our findings quantify the expectation of technical variability in mechano-node-pore sensing even in minimally experienced hands. Most importantly, we find that the repeatability performance we measured is fully sufficient for interpreting biologically relevant single-cell mechanical measurements with high confidence.
Empty plinths: The significance of absence
Authors: Mahony Emma
Published: October 2021

The recent growth of the ‘fallism’ movement, in conjunction with Black Lives Matter (BLM), has seen a surge in the number of plinths that stand vacant across South Africa, the United States and Europe since 2015. This article explores the theme of the empty plinth and interrogates what the significance of absence is. It asks what role empty plinths play in fomenting discussion about historical injustices? And, how these empty plinths can be reactivated or reclaimed in a way that attempts to recognize contested memories and ameliorate contemporary divisions along the lines of race, religion and ethnicity? It considers how the British, Ukrainian and Irish states and their civil societies have variously responded to the problem of what to do with monuments (and their empty pedestals) to individuals and regimes that are guilty of human rights abuses. To draw these conclusions, it looks in detail at three examples of monuments that have fallen over an extended time period and the responses to their empty pedestals: The Edward Colston statue in Bristol, United Kingdom (2020); the Bessarabska Lenin which precipitated the leninfall across Ukraine (2013) and Nelson’s Pillar in Dublin, Ireland (1966).
Re-examining the ‘Compulsion Problem’ in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Peprah Stephen Oppong
Published: October 2021

Scholars have made several attempts to understand the ‘compulsion problem’ in the Republic, namely, why Plato compels the philosopher-rulers to descend into the cave to rule. These attempts, however, fail to properly incorporate two other main instances of compulsion in the dialogue into the discussion: first, the compulsion in Plato’s concept of philosophical rulership, which requires that one can be a ruler in Kallipolis if and only if one is a product of the coincidence of philosophy and politics; second, the instances of compulsion in the future philosopher-rulers’ education. My main aim in this paper is to re-examine the ‘compulsion problem’. I argue that the just law that compels the philosopher-rulers to rule corroborates Plato’s concept of education to achieve the product of his concept of philosophical rulership, i.e. rulers who despise ruling.
On Diairesis, Parallel Division, and Chiasmus: Plato’s and Aristotle’s Methods of Division
Authors: Liu Xin
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I articulate three kinds of division that Plato and Aristotle acknowledge to be proper, valid methods of division, namely, diairesis (vertical division), parallel division, and chiasmus (cross-division). I attempt to explain the relationship among the three kinds of division, namely, how they transform from one to another. Starting with Plato’s division of constitution in the Statesman, I illuminate that from ostensible diairesis emerges a parallel division, and the parallel division causes a cross-division to occur. Thus, the sixfold division of constitution is not a diairesis (as it appears to be) but rather is a 3 x 2 cross-division. Inheriting the three kinds of division from Plato, Aristotle advances the form by providing a theoretical explanation to the transformation of the three kinds of division. In Topics Z6, Aristotle prescribes two conditions under which a parallel division can originate from or construct ostensible diairesis and how the parallel division further causes a cross-division to occur.
HOW TO INCLUDE THE SOCIAL FACTOR FOR DETERMINING FRAILTY?
Authors: Gutierrez-Robledo L.M. , Ávila-Funes J.A.
Published: October 2021

Traditionally, frailty has been understood as a biological syndrome associated with bad health-related outcomes. However, nowadays there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for this syndrome, much less studies approaching it from a non-biological framework. Some previous work has been able to highlight social factors as important features implicated in the development of this entity, and are now recognized as relevant to understand frailty. However, research in this field is still limited. It seems clear that social factors, often ignored in the medical context, might represent risk factors for the development of this geriatric syndrome. To identify these factors, as well as their role in the physiopathology of frailty, could be of great importance in order to establish potential multidimensional models to treat frailty. A life course approach to determine the correlates and trajectories of frailty seems to be necessary. The allostatic load through life and chronic inflammation in the elderly are potential mediators of this relationship. Therefore, social profile should be systematically assessed and taken into account when evaluating an elderly person. So, the present review proposes how to include social factors as another determinant of frailty.
PEDOMETER-BASED BEHAVIORAL CHANGE PROGRAM CAN IMPROVE DEPENDENCY IN SEDENTARY OLDER ADULTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Yamada M. , Mori S. , Nishiguchi S. , Kajiwara Y. , Yoshimura K. , Sonoda T. , Nagai K. , Arai H. , Arai H.
Published: October 2021

Recent studies suggested that pedometer-based walking programs are applicable to older adults. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of pedometer in sedentary older adults to improve physical activity, fear of falling, physical performance, and leg muscle mass. Design: This was a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Setting and participants: Eighty-seven community dwelling sedentary older adults living in Japan. Intervention: The intervention group (n=43) received a pedometer-based behavioural change program for 6 months, while the control group (n=44) did not. The participants in the intervention group were instructed to increase their mean daily steps by 10% each month. Thus, at the end of 6 months, participants in the intervention group were expected to have 77 % more daily steps than their baseline step counts. Written activity logs were monthly averaged to determine whether the participants were achieving their goal. Measurements: Outcome measures were physical activity, fear of falling, physical performances, and leg muscle mass. Results: In this 6-month trial 40 older adults (93%) completed the pedometer protocol with good adherence. In the intervention group, average daily steps were increased by 83.4% (from 20311323 to 3726 1607) during the study period, but not in the control group (from 20471698 to 22671837). The pedometer-based behavioral change program was more effective to improve their physical activity, fear of falling, locomotive function, and leg muscle mass than control (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggested that the pedometer-based behavioral change program can effectively improve the physical activity, fear of falling, physical performance, and leg muscle mass in sedentary older adults.
Optimization for Epoxidation of Malaysian Jatropha curcas Oil Based Trimethylolpropane Ester Biolubricant
Authors: Arbain Noor Hafizah , Salimon Jumat , Salih Nadia , Ahmed Waled Abdo
Published: October 2021

Epoxidized Jatropha curcas-based trimethylolpropane triester (ETMPJO) was prepared by the in-situ epoxidation reaction of trimethylolpropane ester (TMPJO) catalyzed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of formic acid. The epoxidation process was optimized through the variable parameters such as hydrogen peroxide to tmpjo molar ratio, formic acid to TMPJO molar ratio, temperature and time of the epoxidation reaction. The results showed the epoxidation optimal condition was achieved at the molar ratio of TMPJO to H2O2 and formic acid of 1 : 2.0 and 1 : 2.5, temperature of 50 °C for 2 h, respectively. The resultant ETMPJO was characterized by using fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and gas chromatography analysis. The FTIR spectrum of ETMPJO showed the appearance of peaks at 825 and 908 cm–1 for the epoxy functional group. ¹H NMR spectrum showed a chemical shift at 2.88 ppm of the epoxide group protons. 13C NMR spectrum showed the chemical signal of carbon epoxide group at 54–57 ppm. At the optimal condition, the resultant ETMPJO obtained was at 91% yield with comparatively high relative conversion oxirane (RCO) of 87%. With high oxygen oxirane content (OOC) of 4.38, ETMPJO owns a good characteristic for an intermediate compound for possible further conversion to produce high-end products. Moreover, its physiochemical and lubrication characteristics indicated that ETMPJO is plausible to be used as biolubricants for industrial application.
Применение метода дифференцирования по параметру в решении
нелинейных задач стационарной динамики осесимметричных мягких оболочек
Authors: Коровайцева Екатерина Анатольевна , Korovaytseva Ekaterina Anatolievna
Published: October 2021

Предложен алгоритм решения задач о нелинейном динамическом поведении осесимметричных неразветвленных мягкооболочечных конструкций, основанный на использовании метода дифференцирования по параметру. Алгоритм не накладывает каких-либо ограничений на диапазон деформаций и перемещений, свойства материала, условия закрепления или форму меридиана конструкции. При этом уравнения движения в частных производных сводятся к нелинейным обыкновенным дифференциальным уравнениям с использованием метода прямых. Полученная система уравнений дифференцируется по календарному параметру. В результате решение задачи сводится к решению двух взаимосвязанных задач -- квазилинейной многоточечной краевой задачи и нелинейной задачи Коши с правой частью специального вида. Особенности использования данного алгоритма применительно к задачам динамики мягких оболочек проявляются при его программной реализации и описаны в работе. Тестирование алгоритма выполнено на примере решения задачи динамического раздувания шарнирно опертой полусферы из неогуковского материала. Отмечено, что, хотя формально рассматриваемая в примере оболочка не является составной, для построения численного решения необходимо использование метода сегментации интервала интегрирования по координате, что соответствует анализу составной конструкции. Исследовано влияние выбора шага по времени и схемы аппроксимации ускорения на результаты решения.
Censors and Public Lands: The Failure of Governance of a Common?
Authors: Bresolin Zoppelli Davide
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, a small part of the worldwide population, under the aegis of property on some commons, can find a way to increase their riches, intensifying the conflicts inside the society and damaging the environment. This is the “dark side” of globalization: through this phenomenon, humans economically and socially united most of our planet, simultaneously emphasizing the fragmentation that lies under this apparent unification. This conflict, however, is not between law and society, but it is inside the latter, where the only possible way to bridge the gap seems – mostly – to be through philanthropy. This work wants to find a possible enlightenment through the study of the regulation of the roman’s lands (ager publicus), which were granted under a payment: thus, they were subjected to revocation. This rule was strengthened for the most fruitful lands through the recognition of a supervisory power in the hands of the censors, census officers and controllers of the citizen’s morality, whose decadence was sanctioned with the loss of the right to vote. It was them who could decide to whom give these lands in lease through a public auction, never considering – through a direct sanction as revocation – the ethics of the winners, thus allowing to increase their assets and consequentially the social instability.
The Sexual Body as a Meaningful Home: Making Sense of Sexual Concordance
Authors: Niineste Rita
Published: October 2021

The past 20–30 years have provided plenty of new empirical data on women’s sexuality, a topic often theorised as puzzling and unexplainable. In recent discussions, a controversial issue has been the phenomenon of sexual concordance, i.e. the correlation between the self-reported, subjective assessment of one’s sexual arousal and the simultaneous bodily response measured directly on the genitals. In laboratory-based assessments, sexual concordance has been observed to be on average substantially lower in women than in men, although the reasons for the considerable gender difference are still open to debate. Drawing on a phenomenological approach to culture-dependent meaning-formation and on feminist social theory of everyday sexuality, I argue that the reasons behind women’s low sexual concordance can be found neither in their minds nor their bodies but in the way meaning-making processes function in human sexual experiences. Women’s first-person perspectives on their own sexuality have historically played only a marginal role in the creation of socially endorsed sexual meanings, yet these shared meanings have a profound influence on how individuals make sense of their bodily experiences in sexual situations.
Effect of adding dodecanol as modifier to N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-hexyl-3,6-dithiaoctane-1,8-diamide silica-based adsorbent on the adsorption behaviors of platinum-group metals and other metals from simulated high-level liquid waste
Authors: Osawa Naoki , Kim Seong-Yun , Ito Tatsuya , Wu Hao
Published: October 2021

To adsorb and separate platinum-group metals efficiently from simulated high-level liquid waste, two adsorbents, N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-hexyl-3,6-dithiaoctane-1,8-diamide (THDTODA)/SiO2-P and (THDTODA + dodecanol)/SiO2-P, were prepared by impregnation of THDTODA with or without dodecanol into macroporous silica/styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer composite particles SiO2-P. The effect of the addition of dodecanol to THDTODA fixed silica-based adsorbents on the separation of platinum-group metals and other metals was evaluated by batch adsorption and chromatographic separation experiments. THDTODA/SiO2-P adsorbed Ru(III) and Rh(III) more than (THDTODA + dodecanol)/SiO2-P did in concentrated HNO3 solution. From the calculated thermodynamic parameters, dodecanol was considered to have little effect on the temperature dependence of the adsorptions of Ru(III), Zr(IV), Mo(VI), and Re(VII) onto the THDTODA adsorbents. Furthermore, in the results of column chromatography experiments, the effects of dodecanol addition on the separation properties were observed for Ru(III), Zr(IV), and Mo(VI), but little effect was observed for Pd(II) and Re(VII).
Use of polypropylene fibres to increase the resistance of reinforcement to chloride corrosion in concretes
Authors: Raczkiewicz Wioletta
Published: October 2021

Concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibres is more cohesive and has better adhesion, deformability and tightness because the fibres “bind” the concrete matrix together and prevent large pores from forming in the concrete mix and limit the formation and spread of shrinkage cracks. Therefore, it can be assumed that polypropylene fibres affect the effectiveness of the concrete cover as a layer protecting steel bars against corrosion. This article presents the results of tests allowing us to estimate the effect of addition of polypropylene fibres on the reduction of reinforcing bars corrosion in concrete caused by the action of chlorides. Evaluation of the degree of corrosion of the reinforcement was analysed using the electrochemical polarisation galvanostatic pulse technique. The use of such a method allowed for the quantitative estimation of the effect of the addition of polypropylene fibre on the reduction of corrosion activity of the reinforcement in concrete.
A kétszintű földrajz érettségi vizsgálata a célnyelvűség szemszögéből – eredmények, kihívások, tapasztalatok
Authors:   Debreceni Egyetem TTK Földtudományok Doktori Iskola, Kapusi János
Published: October 2021

In Hungary, Geography final examinations can be taken in ten foreign languages too. This linguistic diversity is one of the less-known, rarely mentioned values of our public education system, allowing students of bilingual and nationality secondary school programmes to take certain subject exams – like Geography – in foreign languages. Since the introduction of the two-tier Matura examination system, the subject has been one of the most popular choices in foreign language too as such examinations have been held in almost all exam periods. However, changes in the subject’s prestige and the Matura itself are also clearly reflected. The study provides a detailed analysis of intermediate and advanced Geography final exams by language use and discusses factors influencing the spatial distribution and temporal changes of exam numbers. This study is justified not only by the two-tier system’s more than fifteen years of history but by the recent changes of the national curriculum, exam structure and requirements as well.
Knock-Down of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 Results in Neurite Damage, Altered Stress Granule Biology, and Cellular Toxicity in Differentiated Neuronal Cells
Authors: Anees Amber , Salapa Hannah E. , Thibault Patricia A. , Hutchinson Catherine , Hammond S. Austin , Levin Michael C.
Published: October 2021

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is an RNA binding protein (RBP) that is localized within neurons and plays crucial roles in RNA metabolism. Its importance in neuronal functioning is underscored from the study of its pathogenic features in many neurodegenerative diseases where neuronal hnRNP A1 is mislocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm resulting in loss of hnRNP A1 function. Here, we model hnRNP A1 loss-of-function by siRNA-mediated knock-down in differentiated Neuro-2a cells. Through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by gene ontology (GO) analyses, we show that hnRNP A1 is involved in important biological processes, including RNA metabolism, neuronal function, neuronal morphology, neuronal viability, and stress granule (SG) formation. We further confirmed several of these roles by showing that hnRNP A1 knock-down results in a reduction of neurite outgrowth, increase in cell cytotoxicity and changes in SG formation. In summary, these findings indicate that hnRNP A1 loss-of-function contributes to neuronal dysfunction and cell death and implicates hnRNP A1 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Analisis Ungkapan Goroawase pada MBSア ナ ウ ン サ ー 公式 チ ャ ン ネル
Authors: Aria Wibowo Muhammad Bima Fauzi , Masrokhah Yuni
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pembentukan, variasi cara baca, serta penggunaan kata tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari pada masyrakat Jepang. Kebaruan penelitian ini dengan penelitian sebelumnya yaitu meneliti lebih dalam pola pembentukan, variasi cara baca, dan kegiatan sehari-hari di Jepang dalam setiap kalimat goroawase pada wawancara di YouTube channel MBSアナウンサー公式チャンネル. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan tehnik analisis datanya menggunakan tehnik lesap. Sumber data dari penetilian ini contoh goroawase yang ada pada YouTube channel MBS アナウンサー公式チャンネル yang berjumlah 63, tetapi karena ada beberapa goroawase yang sama dan tidak memenuhi kriteria analisis, maka total goroawase menjadi data yang dianalisis adalah 45. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pola pembentukan goroawase terbentuk dari 2 cara yaitu angka menjadi kata dan kata menjadi angka. Sedangkan variasi cara baca untuk goroawase terdiri dari 6 cara baca yaitu variasi cara baca on-yomi, kun-yomi, on-kun, on-ei, on-kun-ei dan cara baca khusus. Lalu penggunaan goroawase dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di Jepang juga beragam kegunaanya yaitu sebagai permainan kata, singkatan, hari perayaan, mengingat nomer telepon, dan menghafal tanggal bersejarah.
INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY AND METROLOGICAL RELIABILITY OF A DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Melnyk V.G. , Borshchov P.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Dzyadevych S.V. ,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho st., 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Saiapina O.Ya. ,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho st., 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Vasylenko O.D. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The differential method of conductometric measurements does not fully solve the problem of the influence of changes in the background electrical conductivity of the working buffer solutions on the results of conversion of the biosensor responses. The variation in the background electrical conductivity of the buffer solution upon addition of the highly conductive analyte acts as a common mode interference and causes the additive error. Here we present a new measurement method and structure of the device for quantification of the analytes that provide a significant decrease in the measurement error associated with a change in the background electrical conductivity caused by the introduction of the analyte to the working solution prior to the generation of the informative signal. A block diagram of the device and a vector model of the balancing process of its measuring circuit are presented. The advantages of the developed method and biosensor analyzer for application within the possible changes of the transducer parameters and measurement conditions are demonstrated. References 28, figures 4.
The Use of Aromatization and Smart Solutions in Selected Economic Sectors
Authors: berčík Jakub
Published: October 2021

The publication The Use of Aromatization and Smart Solutions in Selected Economic Sectors provides the basis for a systematic review of the synergistic interplay between brain, physiological and psychological processes with aromachology, which is currently absent, as is an assessment of their economic efficiency and effectiveness in selected sectors of the national economy, namely manufacturing, trade and services. Innovative research solutions and consumer neuroscience represented by biometric, neuroscience and behavioral studies in both real and laboratory conditions enable businesses to make more effective strategic decisions. Subject of interest is the investigation of the targeted impact of the deployment of aroma in spaces on behaviour of visitors, customers and employees, as in both domestic and foreign markets the number of companies implementing aroma technology (i.e. aromatizing their facilities or create brand olfactory traces) and at the same time practically apply it in various sectors. The publication is important for future studies and investigations that can confirm the impact of scent on the economic efficiency of companies, influence on customers shopping or spending time in the shop, i.e. in the real shopping area. It also includes new relevant knowledge in this field not only by using the knowledge gained through biometric and neuroimaging methods, but also by involving new information and communication technologies.The publication was supported by the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnerships project "Implementation of Consumer Neuroscience and Smart Research Solutions in Aromachology" (NEUROSMARTOLOGY), no. 2018-1-SK01-KA203-046324.
Verbal pluralization strategies in Plateau
Authors: Gerhardt Ludwig
Published: October 2021

Pluractional verbs are found in many Plateau (and adjacent Chadic) languages. The present study looks into the distribution of a stock of common markers of pluractionality. These are *s, *n, *k, and *d, all reminiscent of Proto-Bantu verb extensions. While these extensions each function differently in Bantu languages, in the Plateau area they serve a common function: that of expressing verbal pluractional stems. The surface manifestations of pluractionality present a picture of utter complexity in most of the languages studied. The study endeavors to reconstruct the strategies different languages have followed to create a synchronic chaos from a relatively clear picture in the proto-stage. Phonological changes and morphophonemic constraints are the major cause of surface differences. It is argued that the similarities observed between the pluractional forms of the languages treated here are due to internal developments rather than to language contact.
The status of value orientation among rural and urban adolescents
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kang Tejpreet Kaur
Published: October 2021

The present study entitled ‘the status of value orientation among rural and urban adolescents’ was undertaken in the Ludhiana and Kapurthala districts of Punjab. The study was designed to sassess the status of value orientation among rural and urban adolescents. The sample for the present study comprised of 480 adolescents within the age group of 16-18 years [boys (n=120) and girls (n=120) from rural (n=120) as well as urban area (n=120)]. Personal Value Questionnaire by Sherry and Verma was used to assess the value orientation of adolescents. The scale consisted of 40 items representing ten types of values namely Religious Values, Social Values, Democratic Values, Aesthetic Values, Economic Values, Knowledge Values, Hedonistic Values, Power Values, Family Prestige Values and Health Values. Results revealed that more number of urban females were having high level of aesthetic value, knowledge value, power value and health value whereas more number of rural females had high level of social value and total value orientation. More number of rural males were having high level of power value and health value. More number of rural respondents had low level of aesthetic value in value orientation as compared to urban respondents.
India National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
Authors: Kamala Kandi
Published: October 2021

Education policy lays particular emphasis on the development of the creative potential of each individual. It is based on the principle that education must develop not only cognitive capacities - both the ‘foundational capacities ’of literacy and numeracy and ‘higher-order’ cognitive capacities, such as critical thinking and problem solving – but also social, ethical and emotional capacities. The new education policy must provide to all students irrespective of their place of residence, a quality education system, with particular focus on historically marginalized, disadvantaged and under represented groups. Education the best tool for achieving economic and social mobility, inclusion, and equality. Initiatives must be place to ensure that all students from such groups, despite inherent obstacles, are provided various targeted opportunities to enter and excel in the educational system. These elements must be incorporated taking into account the local and global needs of the country. Instilling knowledge of India and its varied social, cultural and technological needs, its inimitable artistic, language and knowledge traditions and its strong ethics in India’s young people is considered critical for purposes of national pride, self-confidence, self-knowledge, cooperation, and integration.
Process optimization for the characterization of wine from Burans (Rhododendron arboreum) flowers
Authors: Thapliyal Utpreksha , Chand Khan
Published: October 2021

Burans is an indigenous flower with adequate nutritional attributes but short shelf-life under prevailing conditions. The study involves developing biotechnological product wine from Burans flowers using the dried form of yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae). The three levels of temperature (X1, 26°C, 30°C, and 34°C), total soluble solid (X2, 24°B, 26°B and 28°B) and pH (X3, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0) were taken as the main process parameters. The fermentation was carried out for five days. After five days, the biochemical analysis of wine was done by quantifying alcohol by volume and titratable acidity. The first response, alcohol by volume, ranged between 6.6 per cent to 14.2 per cent. It was found to increase with increase in temperature and decrease with increase total soluble solid. However, on increasing the must’s pH, the alcohol by volume of the wine first increased and then dropped. The second response, titratable acidity, varied between 0.598-0.906 g/l. The titratable acidity of the wine initially decreased with an increase in temperature and later increased. The titratable acidity was directly related to the total soluble solids as it increased with increase in total soluble solid. Similarly, on increasing pH, the titratable acidityincreased. The statistical analysis of this study showed that the temperature had a highly significant effect on alcohol by volume, i.e., 1 per cent level of significance, while pH was found to have a 1 per cent level of significance for titratable acidity. Therefore, from the present investigation, it can be concluded that an acceptable variety of wine can be produced from burans flowers, which can also reduce post-harvest losses.
Nutritional properties of cookies incorporated with mango stone kernel flour
Authors: Patil P.N. , Sonawane S.P. , Divekar S.P.
Published: October 2021

Mango is one of the leading processed fruit in the world and there is great demand in the market for the different value-added products from ripe as well as raw mango. Mango processing industries generate a huge quantity of solid waste comprising mainly of peels and stones. After consumption or industrial processing of mangoes, approximately 40 to 60% waste is generated during processing of mangoes; 12 to 15% consists of peels and 15 to 20% of kernels. The mango seed kernel rich in starch, fat, protein and minerals is potentially a good source of nutrients for human and animal feed. The food value of mango seed kernel flour is reported to be nearly equal to that of rice and could be used in foods replacing cereal flours like rice, wheat, corn, etc. Cookies are the most popular bakery items consumed nearly by all levels of society. This is mainly due to its ready-to-eat nature, good nutritional quality, and availability in different varieties and affordable cost. It was found that the moisture, ash, fibre and carbohydrate content increased with increase in proportion of mango stone kernel flour, whereas protein, fat and energy content of cookies decreased with increase in proportion of mango stone kernel flour. The colour analysis of cookies shows that there is a decrease in L*, a* and b* values with increase in proportion of mango stone kernel flour. The result of sensory sensory evaluation shows that the cookies of treatment T5 (20% mango stone kernel medium size flour (0.55 mm particle size) and it’s incorporation had highest overall acceptability among all treatments. It can be concluded that the incorporation of mango stone kernel flours upto 20 % level with particle size of 0.55 mm in cookies is recommended which results high fibre cookies as compared to cookies prepared with only refined wheat flour.
COVID-19 pandemic and nursing week: analysis from software Iramuteq
Authors: Soares Samira Silva Santos , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Carvalho Eloá Carneiro , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da , Souto Jaqueline da Silva Soares
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the themes of publications on the Federal Council of Nursing (Cofen) website during Nursing Week 2020. Method: documentary, qualitative research, whose data sources were publications on the Cofen website from May 12 to 20, 2020. Data were processed by software IRAMUTEQ®, through the Descending Hierarchical Classification and analyzed under the historical materialism framework. Results: thirty publications were analyzed, giving rise to five classes. Final considerations: the themes published in the period investigated pointed to the grief experienced by the category, due to the death of its members, and the fight for better working conditions. Overcoming the pandemic involves recognizing science and the Unified Health System, protecting nursing workers’ health and fighting misinformation and fake news.