bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eupsychian Management in the Age of the Knowledge Worker
Authors: Regan James R.
Published: May 2021

Over the past 50 years, a new type of worker emerged in companies across America called the “knowledge worker.” It was a kind of worker that was first envisioned by Peter Drucker in 1959 in his book The Landmarks of Tomorrow: A Report on the New “Post-Modern” World. Drucker in describing the work of a knowledge worker said, “Productive work in today’s society and economy is work that applies vision, knowledge and concepts—work that is based on the mind rather than on the hand . . . Educated people are the “capital” of a developed society” (p. 120). In 2005, Davenport stated that there were approximately “36 million knowledge workers in the United States, or 28 percent of the labor force . . . and they tended to be closely aligned with the organization’s growth prospects” (pp. 6-7). This story reflects one person’s three-decade long journey, as a knowledge worker, in the world of high technology searching for humanistic beliefs as inscribed by the eupsychian philosophy of Abraham Maslow. Herrmann stated that the organizations along the way were similar in that they all reflected “systems of meanings, places of cultural practice and performance, and of domination, resistance, and struggle.”
Local ethno-political polarization and election violence in majoritarian vs. proportional systems
Authors: Müller-Crepon Carl
Published: May 2021

How does local ethnic demography affect the conduct of majoritarian elections? Because legislative elections in majoritarian systems are contested locally, local ethno-political polarization increases the risk of pre-election violence. In districts that are polarized between politically competing ethnic groups, violence can be targeted with comparative ease at opposing voters, and can, if perpetrated collectively, mobilize the perpetrators’ co-ethnics. I do not expect such dynamics in PR systems where political competition plays out at higher geographical levels. To test this argument, I combine new data on the ethnic composition of local populations in 22 African countries with monthly data on riots and survey data on campaign violence. Ethno-politically polarized districts in majoritarian and mixed electoral systems see substantively larger increases in the number of riots prior to legislative elections and more fear of pre-election violence among citizens than non-polarized districts in the same country and at the same time. I do not find these patterns in PR systems. The results enhance our understanding of how electoral systems interact with local ethnic demography in shaping pre-election violence.
Emerging diasporas: Exploring mobilization outside the homeland
Authors: Kopchick Connor , Cunningham Kathleen Gallagher , Jenne Erin K , Saideman Stephen
Published: May 2021

An enormous number of people are leaving their homelands around the world today. This has happened several times in the past, but migration has spiked in recent years. These population movements can have significant effects on both the host country (where emigrants or refugees settle), as well as politics back in the homeland. After they leave their homelands, why do some groups mobilize, and in what ways? In this article, we examine a number of factors that may impact when emigrated groups mobilize after they move. We develop a new dataset on potential diasporas in the United States to evaluate a series of hypotheses, including those about motivations for mobilization such as identity maintenance, the objective plight of co-ethnics in the homeland, and group capacity to mobilize. We find some merit in the identity preservation argument and a strong effect of geographic concentration of the diaspora segment. Surprisingly, diaspora mobilization does not appear to be strongly related to conflict in the homeland among these groups.
A National Analysis of Music Coursetaking, Social-Emotional Learning, and Academic Achievement Using Propensity Scores
Authors: Shaw Brian P.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between curricular high school music participation, academic achievement, and social-emotional learning. The analysis involved a “doubly robust” approach combining propensity score weighting and nested multiple regression using data from the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Results of the study were mixed. Preliminary tests revealed many significant differences between the choral and instrumental students and the control group, but the propensity score weighting moderated almost all of these effects to nonsignificance. The only unambiguously positive finding was that instrumental music students had higher reading scores than comparable students who did not enroll in music. Yet, subpopulation effects emerged for certain categories of music students based on factors such as race, sex, and prior school achievement. Although the lack of widespread main effects in this study coheres with prior research, the results for certain subpopulations suggest intriguing future directions for research on potential extramusical benefits of music education.
Interval Identification Predicts Success in Melodic Dictation
Authors: Nichols Bryan E. , Springer D. Gregory
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible predictive relationships between interval identification and melodic dictation performance on tasks where students identify short pitch spans after a brief tonicization. College musicians ( N = 35) completed an interval identification test and a series of melodic dictation tasks. Results indicated that interval identification and melodic dictation tests reflected a battery of items ranging from very easy to very difficult with acceptable Cronbach’s α levels. We conducted a two-stage hierarchical regression analysis to examine the extent to which interval identification served as a predictor of melodic dictation accuracy while controlling for selected music and demographic variables. Results indicated that interval identification served as a significant predictor of melodic dictation scores, contributing 28.9% of the variance in melodic dictation scores while controlling for musical experience variables. The analysis indicated a dictation task by interval ability interaction based on grouping by lower, mid-, and upper performing groups on the interval identification test. Issues in measurement of melodic dictation accuracy and strategies that affect the development of melodic dictation skills are discussed.
Development of Engineering Habits of Mind for Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jimenez Bree A. , Croft Gemma , Twine Jennifer , Gorey Jacqueline
Published: May 2021

The Next Generation Science Standards framework outlines scientific and engineering practices as a key element of student development. Educators are just beginning to discover effective and meaningful ways to teach science content to students with intellectual disability; however, the literature on teaching science practices is still limited and engineering practices nonexistent. This study utilized a quasi-experimental group design to investigate the impact of universally designed engineering curriculum on 43 students with intellectual disability and autism display of engineering habits of mind (e.g., persist and learn from failure) during ongoing Engineering is Elementary design challenges. A statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups was found. Findings suggest engineering instruction may support student development of problem-solving skills.
Evaluation of environmental enrichment for Xenopus laevis using a preference test
Authors: Ramos Juan , Ortiz-Díez Gustavo
Published: May 2021

Xenopus laevis frogs have long been widely used as an animal model in research. However, their husbandry has scarcely evolved, although they are prone to environmental stress. Environmental enrichment has been shown to improve animal welfare and adaptation, as well as zootechnical indices, which have become very important in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the preferences of X. laevis frogs for various elements of environmental enrichment: opaque polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, artificial plants and clear spaces. A preferential study was conducted in two different tanks, each divided into six parts, where the two enrichment elements were rotated. Ten X. laevis frogs were introduced into each tank, and the number of frogs was counted in each division three times per day for six weeks. The number of frogs in the different spaces and different enrichments was evaluated through a Poisson regression model. Frogs preferred plants to PVC pipes and clear spaces regardless of the position of the enrichment element, time and day. This indicates that artificial plants should be used as the enrichment element rather than the commonly used PVC pipes. In addition, the use of plants facilitates the observation of frogs without disturbing them and reduces the accumulation of detritus, as it occurs inside the pipes.
Ultrasound-guided external jugular and femoral arterial cannulation for juvenile swine
Authors: Murphy Travis W , Cueto Robert , Zhu Jiepei , Spiess Bruce , Eurell Laura B. , Becker Torben K
Published: May 2021

Central venous and arterial access through minimally invasive techniques has been described in adult pigs. This article demonstrates success in juvenile animals. Using ultrasound guidance and the modified Seldinger technique, 5 Fr/15 cm single-lumen central venous catheters and 20 Ga 4.5 cm femoral arterial catheters were placed in six Yorkshire cross-bred swine. All six cases had no loss of venous catheter patency or infection during the 96-hour follow-up period. Arterial catheters remained patent, and no significant bleeding was noted after removal.
Herbicides and Zero Tillage in South Asia: Are we creating a gendered problem?
Authors: Brown B , Karki E , Sharma A , Suri B , Chaudhary A
Published: May 2021

Substantial efforts have been devoted to the promotion of Zero Tillage as part of a Conservation Agriculture based Sustainable Intensification agenda in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia, yet there is no clear understanding of the gendered implications of the required change in weed management practices from tillage to herbicides. Other geographies such as in Sub-Saharan Africa have shown evidence that transitioning to Zero Tillage may have unbalanced gendered implications that burden women with additional tasks or lead to lessening agency. To address this, a targeted in-depth study with both spouses was implemented in 24 households across Bangladesh, India and Nepal over a period of 5 weeks during crop establishment to understand the perceptions, responsibilities, and knowledge of household spouses who have adopted Zero Tillage systems. This data is used to compare their weeding responsibilities and knowledge between their Pre- and post- Zero Tillage uptake. Findings indicate that the switch to Zero Tillage contributed to substantial time savings in India and Nepal and did not lead to any reallocation or increased burden of roles and responsibilities to women in any of the surveyed localities, while knowledge on weed management practices were balanced among spouses. This research suggests that the gendered experiences of users of Zero Tillage systems and subsequent use of herbicides in investigated locations may differ from Zero Tillage user experience in other geographies, in that Zero Tillage use did not reinforce or deepen existing inequalities within households. This highlights that Zero Tillage may provide an inclusive agricultural development pathway in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia.
The lasting effect of community police academies: Results of a 6-month follow-up
Authors: Perez Nicholas M , Nguyen Trinh , Vogel Brenda
Published: May 2021

Community police academies (CPA) are used by police agencies to educate the public on practices and expand community involvement. Using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up survey data, the current study examines the lasting effects of attending a CPA on citizen knowledge, perceptions, and concerns. Results indicate that participants were more knowledgeable about police practices, perceived officers as more honest and accountable, and expressed lower concerns about use of force and misconduct immediately following participation. Follow-up results indicated that, while knowledge was retained, the improvements to perceptions of honesty and accountability were reduced and concerns about misconduct had increased 6 months later.
Voter Decision-Making in a Context of Low Political Trust: The 2016 UK EU Membership Referendum
Authors: Clarke Nick , Jennings Will , Moss Jonathan , Stoker Gerry
Published: May 2021

Using volunteer writing for Mass Observation, we explore how British citizens decided whether to leave the EU. The 2016 referendum was the biggest decision made by the British electorate in decades, but involved limited voter analysis. Many citizens did not have strong views about EU membership in early 2016. The campaigns did not help to firm up their views, not least because so much information appeared to be in dispute. Voters, often characterised as polarised, were reluctant and uncertain. Many citizens took their duty to decide seriously, but were driven more by hunch than careful analysis. In 2016, voters reacted against elites they did not trust at least as much as they embraced the ideas of trusted elites. This contrasts with the 1975 Referendum on the Common Market, when the vote was driven by elite endorsement. In low-trust contexts, voters use cues from elites as negative rather than positive stimulus.
Delegated Censorship: The Dynamic, Layered, and Multistage Information Control Regime in China
Authors: Sun Taiyi , Zhao Quansheng
Published: May 2021

How does internet censorship work in China, and how does it reflect the Chinese state’s logic of governing society? An online political publication, Global China (海外看世界), was created by the authors, and the pattern and record of articles being censored was analyzed. Using results from A/B tests on the articles and interviews with relevant officials, the article shows that the state employs delegated censorship, outsourcing significant responsibility to private internet companies and applying levels of scrutiny based on timing, targets, and stage of publication. The dynamic, layered, multistage censorship regime creates significant variation and flexibility across the Chinese internet, most often in decisions about what to censor. This approach aims to maintain regime stability and legitimacy while minimizing costs. Rather than blocking all information and players, the state recognizes its technical and bureaucratic limits but also realizes the benefits of a degree of toleration. Delegated censorship utilizes both power control and power sharing and offers a new understanding of authoritarian state-society relations.
The Effect of Workplace Gender Composition on Investment Interest in Hypothetical Companies
Authors: Macchione Alicia L. , Sacco Donald F.
Published: May 2021

The current study extends previous work on gendered workplace attitudes by manipulating the workplace gender composition (CEO gender, employee gender) of traditional male and female employment sectors. Participants reported general financial investment interest in purported male-role congruent (science laboratory) and female-role congruent (daycare) start-up companies, where CEO gender and employee gender were orthogonally manipulated. Participants had more favorable investment attitudes toward daycares when the CEO was a woman, and especially favorable investment attitudes when both the CEO and employees were women. These findings were stronger for participants higher in hostile sexism. For science laboratories, participants reported equivalent investment attitudes, regardless of CEO gender, as long as the employee gender composition matched the CEO gender (i.e., female CEO + female employees). These findings suggest that social role expectations influence investment attitudes in predictable ways for traditional female employment sectors, but in more nuanced ways for traditional male employment sectors.
Mindfulness Buffers the Effect of Inauthenticity on Depression
Authors: Roemer Anja , Sutton Anna , Medvedev Oleg N.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Pressures in daily life limit one’s ability to be authentic and research shows that inauthenticity can be detrimental to mental health. Mindfulness is known to have a protective effect on mental health through an accepting and nonjudgmental stance. This study aimed to establish whether mindfulness buffers the relationship between inauthenticity and depression.

Method

A cross-sectional sample of employed individuals in New Zealand ( n=301) completed an online survey assessing their levels of authenticity, mindfulness, and depression.

Results

Findings indicate that authenticity and mindfulness together explain 29% of variance in depression. In addition, mindfulness can buffer the negative impact of low authenticity on depression.

Conclusion

Inauthenticity is related to higher levels of depression, but mindfulness is able to buffer this impact. These findings imply that engaging in mindfulness practice may be beneficial for mental health when individuals experience reduced authenticity.
Stressful Life Events Are Related to More Negative Interpretations, but Not Under Acute Stress
Authors: Bélanger Kathy , Blanchette Isabelle
Published: May 2021

Studies have identified deleterious effects of stress on multiple cognitive processes such as memory and attention. Little is known about the impact of stress on interpretation. We investigated how an induced acute stress and more long-term stress related to life events were associated with interpretations of ambiguous stimuli. Fifty participants answered a questionnaire indexing the number of stressful life events. A median split was used to compare those reporting few or more events. Half of participants performed an arithmetic task that induced acute stress; they were compared to a control group performing a less stressful task. We measured the interpretation of ambiguous visual stimuli, which participants had to judge as “negative” or “positive”. We found a significant interaction between the number of stressful life events and the induced acute stress on the proportion of positive interpretations. In the control group, participants reporting more stressful events produced less positive interpretations than those reporting few events. In the induced stress condition, no significant difference was found. Life events tend to influence interpretation in the absence of an acute stressor, which seems to be more influent in the short term.
One Hundred Years of African American Economists: Difficulties and Prospects for Black Political Economy in the 21st Century
Authors: Tauheed Linwood
Published: May 2021

The challenge set before Black economists in 1967 by Harold Cruse in his seminal work The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual: A Historical Analysis of the Failure of Black Leadership, to create new economic theories, methodologies, and institutional forms, from a Black community point of view, is still with us, and growing more urgent by the day.

Mainstream economics has failed to shine much light on fundamental problems of inequality, poverty, and financial and productive stability, particularly as these problems intersect with racial disparity.

After 100 years of African American economists, perhaps it is time to strike out on our own behalf and search for the solutions to our community's problems by creating and employing our own lamps.
The mediating role of self-compassion between proactive coping and perceived stress among students
Authors: Bui Thi Hong Thai , Nguyen Thi Nhu Trang , Pham Hanh Dung , Tran Cong Thanh , Ha Thanh Hien
Published: May 2021

Proactive coping has been documented as a significant predictor of perceived stress. When facing stressful events, the more individuals use proactive coping strategies, the lower their stress level will be. However, there is still little research of possible latent factors participating in this relationship to explain how proactive coping can reduce of perceived stress, directly and indirectly. This study aimed to examine whether self-compassion can mediate the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress among students. In a cross-sectional study carried out in 2019, we invited 384 undergraduate students in Hanoi (Vietnam) to voluntarily complete a self-report questionnaire that measured proactive coping, self-compassion and perceived stress scale. Results showed that proactive coping was positively related to level of self-compassion, and both proactive coping and self-compassion were negatively related to stress scores. The effect of proactive coping on stress was eliminated when self-compassion was controlled, showing the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress score. Furthermore, among six factors contributing to the concept of self-compassion, data documented mediating role of “self-kindness,”“self-judgment,” and “mindfulness” while no mediating role of “common humanity,”“isolation,” and “over-identification” was observed. Among three mediating factors, mindfulness appeared to be the most important factor explaining the relationship between proactive coping and perceived stress. These results consolidate existing literature of the protective role of self-compassion on psychological health, and hence provide more support for the application of self-compassion, especially of mindfulness, in working with people with stress.
Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes more effective fracture healing in aged mice than in adult mice by inducing angiogenesis and cell differentiation
Authors: Liu Daocheng , He Sihao , Chen Sixu , Yang Lei , Yang Jiazhi , Bao Quanwei , Qin Hao , Zhao Yufeng , Zong Zhaowen
Published: May 2021

To investigate whether activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway differentially promotes fracture healing in aged and adult individuals. CatnbTM2Kem, Catnblox(ex3) and wild-type adult and aged mice were used in this study. The femur was electroporated through a hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm. On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after fracture establishment, repair of the femoral diaphyseal bone was examined using X-ray and CT, the levels of mRNAs related to Wnt/β-catenin signalling were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and angiogenesis and cell differentiation were observed using immunohistochemistry. The numbers of osteoclasts were determined by TRAP staining. Wnt/β-catenin activation accelerated fracture healing in adult mice, with more pronounced effects on aged mice. Compared with wild-type mice at the corresponding ages, Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation induced higher levels of angiogenesis and cell differentiation in aged mice than in adult mice and promoted fracture healing. The administration of medications targeting Wnt/β-catenin signalling to aged patients may accelerate fracture healing to a greater extent.
Impact of partial slip and lateral walls on peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in a rectangular duct
Authors: Akram Safia , Saleem Najma , Umair Mir Yasir , Munawar Sufian
Published: May 2021

The impact of lateral walls and partial slip with different waveforms on peristaltic pumping of couple stress fluid in a rectangular duct with different waveforms has been discussed in the current article. By means of a wave frame of reference the flow is explored travelling away from a fixed frame with velocity c. Peristaltic waves generated on horizontal surface walls of rectangular duct are considered using lubrication technique. Mathematical modelling of couple fluid for three-dimensional flow are first discussed in detail. Lubrication approaches are used to simplify the proposed problem. Exact solutions of pressure gradient, pressure rise, velocity and stream function have been calculated. Numerical and graphical descriptions are displayed to look at the behaviour of diverse emerging parameters.
Acceptance sampling plans under two-parameter Quasi Shanker distribution assuring mean life with an application to manufacturing data
Authors: Al-Omari Amer Ibrahim , Almanjahie Ibrahim M , Dar Javid Gani
Published: May 2021

The acceptance sampling plan (ASP) is a statistical tool used in industry for quality control to determine the quality of products by selecting a specified number for testing in order to accept or reject the lot. The main objective is to develop a new ASP based on truncated life tests assuming that the lifetime follows the two parameters Quasi Shanker distribution, since this distribution showed its superiority in providing a better model for some applications than the exponential distribution. The ASP steps are carried out to find the minimum sample sizes needed to assert the certain life mean that are calculated under a given customer’s risk. The operating characteristic values of the sampling plan and the producer risk values are obtained. The efficiency of the suggested plans is analyzed based on real data that is fitted to the Quasi Shanker distribution. For various values of the Quasi Shanker distribution parameters, numerical examples are presented for illustrative purposes. The results indicate that the suggested ASP provides smaller sample sizes than other competitors considered in this study. The suggested ASP has been found to provide a substantial sampling economy in terms of reducing the sample. Hence, it is recommended that the ASP can be used in industry and for future research works as double and group ASP.
Haematotoxic effects of methanolic extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin (frankinccense) in rats
Authors: Alyahya AbdulRahman A I , Asad Mohammed , Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Mohzari Yahya , Alrashed Ahmed , Alajami Hamdan Najib , Aljohani Awad Othman , Al Mushtawi Abdullah Ali , Alajmi AssilNajib , Alajmi Hanan Nageeb
Published: May 2021

In several parts of the world, Boswellia sacra Fluck. is one of the most commonly used herbs for the treatment of arthritis. Its usage should be validated in light of recent findings of haematotoxicity. This study was aimed to determine the effect of chronic administration of standardized methanolic extract of frankincense on blood cell count in experimental animals. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the active constituents of B. sacra extract; boswellic acids were analyzed. The effect of three different doses of the extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) on different blood cells and associated parameters was investigated. The behavior, food, and water consumption of the rats were recorded. Boswellic acids were present in varying amounts with α-boswellic acid and β-boswellic acid present in more amounts compared to other boswellic acids in the extract. All three doses tested had no effect on the animals’ behavior, food consumption, or weight gain. The administration of a low (500 mg/kg) and high (1000 mg/kg) dose of the extract resulted in a non-dose dependent reduction in MCH ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), but no other blood parameters were significantly affected. The B. sacra extract produces hypochromic normocytic anemia in rats at higher doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and this effect was not dose-dependent.
Morphometric assessment of the mesorectal fat in Chinese Han population: A clinical MRI study
Authors: Tripathi Pratik , Hai Yucheng , Li Zhen , Shen Yaqi , Hu Xuemei , Hu Daoyu
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to analyze morphometric assessment of the mesorectal fat thickness and its correlation with body mass index in Chinese Han population. The anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral mesorectal fat thickness were measured using MRI T2-weighted images. The mean distance from the rectal wall to the mesorectal fascia were 3.8, 8.4, 11.3, and 11.7 mm in anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral portion, respectively. The mesorectal area, rectal area, mesorectal fat thickness area, and rectal height were 2395.3 ± 691.1 mm2, 709.6 ± 403.5 mm2, 1685.7 ± 525.3 mm2, and 9.1 ± 0.8 cm. BMI was found to be directly proportional to and statistically significant to the mesorectal fat area ( p = 0.01). Since the mean mesorectal fat thickness was found to be <12 mm, T3d staged rectal cancer is less likely to be found in an average Chinese population that may affect the overall-survival and progression-free survival in rectal cancer patients. Anterior portion of the rectum was least thick compared to all other sides. Therefore, extra-caution should be taken in handling tumors on the anterior part of the rectum.
‘We Are Equal but Different’: Challenging Compulsory Heterosexuality by Intersexual Female Athletes in the World of Sport
Authors: Mohapatra Samapika
Published: May 2021

By using the method of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), this article examines how sport is a conservative institution so far as sexuality and gender identity of female athletes are concerned. The article enquires to know what it means for a sportswoman to be physically strong and active like a man. It explores how the process of binary sex segregation in competitive sports affects the non-heterosexual female athletes and how their sexuality and physicality are considered as a foil in the patriarchal domain of sports. It highlights how the ‘gender verification test’ as a discriminatory tool is used by the sports regulatory bodies to prove female athletes’ sexuality, especially heterosexuality and to maintain the system of patriarchal hegemony in the world of sport. The article looks into how the hegemonic masculinity within sport works to uphold male power, while subjugating the female athletes. It unveils the incidents, how the non-heterosexual female athletes fall victims of homophobia and go through mental stress to confirm to the societal norms of compulsory heterosexuality. More specifically, through in-depth analysis of two contemporary cases of intersexual hyper-androgenic female athletes, this article examines the status and challenges being faced by the non-heterosexual female athletes in sport and focuses upon how their sexuality are addressed in the field of competitive sports. The article also focuses on the agony as well as resilience of intersexual female athletes to break the gender stereotype in sport in postmodern era unlike before.
Rethinking Social Roles: Conflict and Modern Life
Authors: Smyth Lisa
Published: May 2021

Does sociology have anything to gain by returning to the concept of social role? Has this concept been irretrievably damaged by its significance in functionalist theory? This article aims to recover the role concept through a consideration of alternative perspectives on normativity, illustrated through research on motherhood. A pragmatist re-conception of role is defended as a way of focusing on those aspects of social structures which exert normative authority over agents, while remaining open to some degree of interpretation. This perspective treats roles not as fixed mechanisms of functional coordination or social reproduction, but instead as variable sites of mutual accountability. The article argues that a pragmatist version of the role concept supports explanation of non-determined agency and complex, uncertain and conflictual forms of normative authority. Treated in these terms, the role concept offers a valuable route to understanding the creative quality of agency and normativity.
Spatial Effect of Crime on Peer-to-Peer Lodging Performance
Authors: Xu Yu-Hua , Pennington-Gray Lori , Kim Jinwon
Published: May 2021

Safety is a major factor impacting consumers’ participation in peer-to-peer (P2P) economies. Using spatial econometric models, this study examined crime effects on the performance (RevPAR) of P2P lodgings at three spatial ranges: property, community, and destination level. The performance of P2P lodgings is negatively associated with crime densities, while the degree of the association varies by crime types and room types. Crime can “spill over” to the neighborhood and have the strongest impact at the community level, followed by the destination level and the property level. The study provides a way to understand tourism risks using criminology theories and the concept of social uncertainty. Empirically, the study provides implications to the governance of community-based lodging business. We suggest that the effect of crime on P2P lodging performance was more conditioned by the safety environment in its neighborhood and the whole destination, rather than individual business operations.
Tourist Mental Health Drives Destination Choice, Marketing, and Matching
Authors: Cooper Mary-Ann , Buckley Ralf
Published: May 2021

Leisure tourism, including destination choice, can be viewed as an investment in mental health maintenance. Destination marketing measures can thus be analyzed as mental health investment prospectuses, aiming to match tourist desires. A mental health framework is particularly relevant for parks and nature tourism destinations, since the benefits of nature for mental health are strongly established. We test it for one globally iconic destination, using a large-scale qualitative approach, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourists’ perceptions and choices contain strong mental health and well-being components, derived largely from autonomous information sources, and differing depending on origins. Parks agencies emphasize factual cognitive aspects, but tourism enterprises and destination marketing organizations use affective approaches appealing to tourists’ mental health.
A Meta-analysis of Studies on the Performance of the Crosswise Model
Authors: Schnell Rainer , Thomas Kathrin
Published: May 2021

This article provides a meta-analysis of studies using the crosswise model (CM) in estimating the prevalence of sensitive characteristics in different samples and populations. On a data set of 141 items published in 33 either articles or books, we compare the difference (Δ) between estimates based on the CM and a direct question (DQ). The overall effect size of Δ is 4.88; 95% CI [4.56, 5.21]. The results of a meta-regression indicate that Δ is smaller when general populations and nonprobability samples are considered. The population effect suggests an education effect: Differences between the CM and DQ estimates are more likely to occur when highly educated populations, such as students, are studied. Our findings raise concerns to what extent the CM is able to improve estimates of sensitive behavior in general population samples.
Self-inflicted injuries: The intersection of mental health and traumatic injury in Malawi
Authors: Williams Brittney M , Kayange Linda , Purcell Laura , Gallaher Jared , Charles Anthony
Published: May 2021

Self-inflicted injury, the most common form of intentional injury, disproportionately affects low-income countries, but is poorly described in this setting. This retrospective review of the 2008–2018 trauma registry at a referral hospital in Malawi included all victims of intentional injury ≥10 years. Self-inflicted injuries were compared to assaults. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Common mechanisms of self-inflicted injuries were fall from height, poisoning, and penetrating injury. In-hospital mortality from self-inflicted injury was 8.8% vs. 1.9% for assault. Those who died from self-inflicted injury were more often older (median 34 vs. 26 years, p < 0.001), male (91.9% vs. 67.8%, p < 0.001), unemployed (32.8% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001), and most commonly died by hanging (60%). The odds of in-hospital mortality after self-inflicted injury was four times assault (OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.4–11.5], p = 0.01). The trauma registry proved useful for describing self-inflicted injury in this setting.
Mental health and COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors: Nguse Siphelele , Wassenaar Douglas
Published: May 2021

COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has affected most parts of the globe since its first appearance in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As a result, the World Health Organization declared the virus a global public health crisis and a pandemic within 2 weeks, after the virus had spread to 114 countries with 118 000 recorded cases and 4291 deaths due to the virus and related complications. The World Health Organization declaration is indicative of the enormous impact of the pandemic on human life globally. South Africa has not been exempted from that impact. While the pandemic has affected all South Africans in various ways, the poor have been most affected due to structural inequality, poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to quality health care and other services. Furthermore, public mental health has also been negatively affected by the pandemic, and this comes against a backdrop of an ailing mental health care system. We argue that the psychology profession, as a mental health profession and behavioural science, working as part of a multidisciplinary team, ought to play a significant role in addressing the mental health ramifications of the pandemic. In so doing, lessons can be drawn from other countries while establishing contextual immediate and long-term interventions.
Factors Associated with Burnout, Marital Conflict, and Life Satisfaction among Chinese American Church Leaders
Authors: Fung Joey , Lin Chingying , Joo Seohyun , Wong Maria S.
Published: May 2021

Clergy and church leaders experience unique pressure and stressors associated with ministry. In this study, we examined protective and risk factors related to burnout, life satisfaction, and marital conflict in a sample of 124 Chinese American church leaders. We examined the role of self-compassion, self-criticism, and bicultural identity. Ministry leaders (i.e., full-time or part-time pastors, deacons, elders, ministers) aged 25 to 68 years from Chinese American churches in the United States completed surveys online. In the overall structural equation model, self-compassion and bicultural identity were associated with lower levels of burnout; both were not related to life satisfaction or marital conflict. In contrast, self-criticism was related to higher rates of marital conflict and lower levels of life satisfaction; it was not associated with ministry burnout. Self-compassion was inversely related to self-criticism. Our findings suggest that self-compassion and self-criticism have distinct implications for psychological functioning among Chinese American church leaders. Specifically, whereas self-compassion was a protective factor against ministry burnout, self-criticism was a risk factor for marital relationships and life satisfaction. Bicultural identity integration protected against ministry burnout and may be particularly helpful when working with diverse Chinese American churches. Practical implications for Chinese American clergy and ministry leaders were discussed.
The Role of Collaboration in Complying With COVID-19 Health Protective Behaviors: A Cross-National Study
Authors: Sedgwick Donna , Hawdon James , Räsänen Pekka , Koivula Aki
Published: May 2021

On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. As the virus spread, governments called on citizens to comply with handwashing and social distancing behaviors. We use survey data from Finland and the United States to examine whether collaborative dimensions help predict compliance with health protective behaviors related to combatting COVID-19. We also investigate whether these factors’ influence on compliance varies between a market regime such as the United States and a more statist regime such as Finland. Our findings provide important insight for public administrators in crafting messages to the public that emphasize citizens’ collaborative role in combatting a pandemic.
Collectivism, individualism and solidarity in global value chain restructuring in the Global North: Workers’ resistance in the Swiss machinery industry
Authors: Martinelli Aris
Published: May 2021

Global value chains (GVCs) have become the dominant form of industrial organization in the global economy. Although the economic outcomes of GVC restructuring have been measured and the determinants theorized, there is a lack of empirical research on the real processes of GVC restructuring and its impact on labour in the Global North. This article helps to address this gap by investigating the effect of the participation in GVCs on the lead firms’ value-capturing strategies and on workers’ ability to defend and improve their working conditions in the Swiss machinery industry. Based on a critical GVC approach and a qualitative study of two work conflicts, the study demonstrates how GVCs shape a variety of new strategies for capital and labour; enhancing forms of management strategies and weakening the possibilities for workers’ counterstrategies by eroding collectivism and solidarity and promoting individualism among workers.
The Environment as Disingenuous Trope: Tracing Waste Policy and Practice in a Medium Hill Town of the Himalayas, India
Authors: Gill Kaveri
Published: May 2021

The environment is often invoked in the context of growing municipal waste, a result of rapid growth and burgeoning consumption in urban India, in a manner that would appear to be class and caste neutral, as well as accommodating of the interests of labor. In actuality, waste policy and practice have been contoured in distinctly opposite directions to that dictated by a genuine concern for the environment. The article draws on primary qualitative research in a medium hill town, primarily key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and official documents, to substantiate its arguments. Key findings suggest that the benign platform of the environment disguises ever greater informalization of the formal, in newer and structurally more damaging ways, to both labor and the environment. Indeed, as hypothesized by Roy (2009), the waste sphere shows the idiom of India’s urbanization and planning itself to be one of informality, characterized by deregulation, ambivalence, opacity, and exemption.
Environment and/(or) Development: Competing Narratives from Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka
Authors: Rao Manisha
Published: May 2021

The Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka well known as the “Pepper Queen” during colonial times gradually declined in stature and came to be known as a backward, forest district in need of “development.” These concerns framed the post-independence debates on the development of the district in terms of forestry programs and hydroelectric power projects, to help in the growth story of India. In the post-liberalization period, we have observed increasing market- and state-led drives of “resource development and conservation.” In recent years, international recognitions have come to the region’s sustainable agricultural practices and to its rich biodiversity, and it is declared a Heritage site. The dominant agricultural community of the region, the Havyaks, known for their environmentally sustainable spice garden farming, are credited with spearheading environmental movements against the material practices of the state. This article attempts to understand the complex social ecology of the region and the multiple ways in which it is portrayed and the way people talk about it. It attempts to juxtapose the environmental narrative along with the development narrative of the district and to understand and map the complex ground realities that exist interlinking the local with the global.
A Comparison Between Self-Reported and Investigator-Measured Cardiovascular Risk-Related Biometric Numbers
Authors: Lee Sohye , Pantik Catherine , Duggirala Sree , Lindquist Ruth
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine individuals’ knowledge of cardiovascular risk-related biometric numbers and to compare self-reported and investigator-measured numbers in a convenience sample of adults in the Midwest region. Sociodemographic data and personal knowledge of cardiovascular risk-related biometric numbers were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Investigators conducted health assessments to obtain biometric numbers. Among the 224 participants, participants’ reported knowledge about their cardiovascular risk-related biometric numbers was low, especially for high-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose levels. Participants’ knowledge was associated with education level and the recency of their last healthcare visit for health assessment. We found statistically significant mean differences between self-reported and investigator-measured blood pressure, and weight. This study found that there were discrepancies between self-reported and investigator-measured cardiovascular risk-related numbers. Future research is needed to develop educational interventions to improve personal knowledge of cardiovascular risks.
Bargaining Power: A Framework for Understanding Varieties of Migration Experience
Authors: Ewers Michael C. , Gengler Justin , Shockley Bethany
Published: May 2021

This article introduces the concept of bargaining power as a framework for understanding varieties of migration experience and behavior. We argue that migration and settlement experiences vary according to a migrant’s leverage — or bargaining power — afforded by their individual cultural and socioeconomic capital (internal bargaining power) and their home country’s political and physical security characteristics (external bargaining power). These two dimensions of bargaining power interact with a host country’s social and political structures to produce specific experiences of (dis)advantage. We apply our framework to the Arab Gulf states, where large and diverse foreign populations experience complex and interconnected forms of inclusion and exclusion. Utilizing data from a nationally representative survey of a highly diverse sample of foreign residents in Qatar, we use our framework, first, to generate a typology of Gulf migration experience and, then, to statistically predict migrants’ reported life satisfaction in the host country and intentions for long-term settlement. We also use widely available secondary data to examine objective correlates of bargaining power, offering an alternative pathway for future research that does not require individual-level survey data. We conclude by describing the relevance of our bargaining power framework to the study of varieties of migration experience in other migration regimes.
Sex-stratified outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A tertiary care experience
Authors: Artani Azmina , Baloch Farhala , Laghari Abid , Siddiqui Faraz , Artani Moiz , Kazmi Khawar
Published: May 2021

Background

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute cardiac manifestation that requires immediate revascularization preferably through primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aims to describe gender stratified outcomes and epidemiological profile of STEMI patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

A 5-year, retrospective analysis of hospital records was undertaken on confirmed STEMI patients admitted between 2010 and 2014, undergoing primary PCI. Information was retrieved on demographic variables, risk factors, total ischemia time, door to balloon time, angiographic findings, and treatment strategy and in-hospital outcomes.

Results

A total of 603 patients were available for analysis. Mean age of the participants was 58 ± 11 years, with 78.6% being males. The most common risk factors were hypertension (48.1%), diabetes (37%), and smoking (22.2%). Gender stratified analysis revealed poorer clinical presentation and prolonged ischemia time among women when compared to men (410 vs. 310 min, respectively). Total in-hospital mortality was 9.6% and was higher in women (19.3%), patients with non-anterior infarction (12%), Killip class >2 (39%), advanced age (14.6%), and multi-vessel disease (12%).

Conclusion

Our study describes the common risk factors and treatment outcomes for STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. In-hospital mortality and total ischemia time were higher among women compared to men in our study. Moreover, the risk profile, treatment related complications, and outcomes were poorer in women compared to men. We suggest further research to investigate the effect of prolonged ischemia time on long-term clinical outcomes.