bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Self-directed Learning through Guided Tasks and Learner Reflection
Authors: King Chris
Published: June 2020

This article reports on the potential impact on learner attitudes and behaviour from the use of a set of guided self-directed learning worksheets. The study consisted of a before and after questionnaire with a portfolio of activities that became progressively less teacher directed. Each activity had a section for learner reflection. Final reflective comments were captured at the end of the portfolio. Data collected from both questionnaires and from reflective comments was analysed using a grounded theory approach (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). While it is recognised that this study is a classroom-based research project with a small number of participants, and that the data collected is learner-reported, the findings are nevertheless important and suggest that such portfolios can be successful both in promoting the use of self-access centres and in fostering learner autonomy.
TRACER STUDY ALUMNI PRODI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM ANAK USIA DINI STAIN GAJAH PUTIH TAKENGON
Authors: Hafiz Abdul
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This research is the result of tracer study alumni of Islamic Education programs for Early Childhood students at STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Aceh. The need for tracer study data for alumni of study programs is needed to map the alumni existence and as an input for evaluating the internal quality of the study programs that have been implemented and taught to alumni. By using the census method, researchers took the entire PIAUD study program alumni, while the key informants in this study were 428 PIAUD Early Study alumni and graduate users. However, after conducting this research a total of 144 graduates were recorded. While supporting informants came from the head of the PIAUD study program, academic staff of STAIN GPA and other information. From this study it was revealed that graduates of the PIAUD study program had worked in various early childhood education institutions, such as being a TPA teacher, family planning teacher, kindergarten/RA teacher, civil servant, school principal, and school supervisor. And the average waiting period for them to get a job is less than one year.

Keywords: Tracer Study, Alumni, Islamic Education programs for Early Chilhood Students

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan hasil tracer study alumni program studi Pendidikan Islam Anak usia Dini pada Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Aceh. Kebutuhan akan data tracer study Alumni Program Studi Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini STAIN GPA sangat dibutuhkan untuk memetakan keberadaan alumni serta sebagai bahan  masukan evaluasi terhadap mutu internal pelaksanaan program studi yang telah dijalankan dan diajarkan kepada alumni. Dengan menggunakan metode sensus, peneliti mengambil keseluruhan alumni prodi PIAUD, adapun yang menjadi informan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah 428 alumni Prodi Pendidikan Islam Anak usia Dini dan pengguna lulusan. Namun setelah melakukan penelitian ini total lulusan yang terdata berjumlah 144 lulusan. Sementara informan pendukung berasal dari ketua prodi PIAUD, staf bagian akademik STAIN GPA dan informasi lainnya. Dari Penelitian ini terungkap bahwa lulusan prodi PIAUD telah bekerja di berbagai lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini. Mulai dari guru TPA, guru KB, guru TK/RA, PNS, kepala sekolah, maupun pengawas sekolah.  Dan rata-rata masa tunggu mereka dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan kurang dari satu tahun.

Kata Kunci: Tracer Study, Alumni, Mahasiswa Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini
TRANSFORMASI KEAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT MUALAF DUSUN KALA DESA WIH ILANG KECAMATAN PEGASING KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Qomariyah , Suminah  , Amanda Ruri
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The mualaf community of Kala Hamlet, Wih Ilang Village , Central Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, embraced Islam simultaneously and massively. They are Karo Catholics who previously lived in the Karo District of North Sumatra Province. One of the reasons for the transfer of the Karo community to the Kala hamlet was to make a living. The transfer process has been going on since the 1990. It takes process and effort to become a good Muslim. The purpose of this research is to know the religious transformation in the field of worship. This research uses descriptive qualitative with in-depth interview techniques, FGD, documentation and observation. The validity of the data uses triangulation techniques with Milles and Hubberman analysis . Based on the results of the study, it was found that the converts of the people of Kala underwent a process of transforming religious life in the field of worship by committing to perform worship according to Islamic teachings properly and correctly , despite the limited conditions and constraints when embracing Islam had been 30 years old . thus causing them to experience delays in understanding the Koran reading and prayer reading in worship rituals. In addition there are still many practices of compassion that they have not yet understood and will result in suboptimal levels of worship. 

Keywords: Transformation, Religious, Mualaf

Abstrak: Masyarakat mualaf Dusun Kala Desa Wih Ilang Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh  memeluk agama Islam secara serempak dan masif. Mereka merupakan keturunan suku Karo beragama Katholik yang sebelumnya berdomisili di Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Salah satu alasan perpindahan masyarakat Karo tersebut ke Dusun Kala untuk mencari penghidupan. Proses perpindahan sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 1990-an. Dibutuhkan proses dan usaha agar menjadi seorang Muslim yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui transformasi keagamaan pada bidang ibadah. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif  deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, FGD,  dokumentasi dan observasi. Keabsahan data  menggunakan teknik triangulasi dengan analisis Milles and Hubberman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa masyarakat mualaf Dusun Kala menjalani proses transformasi kegamaan pada bidang ibadah dengan berkomitmen menjalankan ibadah sesuai ajaran Islam secara baik dan benar, walaupun kondisi yang terbatas serta mengalami kendala ketika memeluk agama Islam sudah berusia 30 tahun. sehingga menyebabkan mereka mengalami keterlambatan dalam memahami bacaan Alquran maupun bacaan doa dalam ritual ibadah. Selain itu masih banyak praktik ibadah yang belum mereka pahami dan akan berakibat tidak optimalnya tataran ibadah.

Kata Kunci: Transformasi, Keagamaan, Mualaf
Living Originalism
Authors: Lund Nelson
Published: June 2020

Until very recently, same-sex marriage would have been regarded as a contradiction in terms. Today, questioning the merits of this novel institution is treated as rank bigotry, and the extraordinary rapidity of the change has been widely noted. Another recent development, perhaps not unrelated, has been the marriage of originalism and living constitutionalism.

As an academic theory, originalism arose to counter what was seen as lawless adventurism in the Warren and Burger Courts, displayed especially in opinions that invoked the Fourteenth Amendment without a meaningful effort to interpret its text or to show that the decisions had anything to do with the original purpose of the Amendment. As an academic theory, living constitutionalism, or noninterpretivism, arose in defense of these decisions, which were seen as worthy innovations. Advocates on both sides thought the two theories were irreconcilable. Originalists maintained that judges should respect the original meaning of the written Constitution, namely its text, read when necessary in light of its enactors’ purposes. Noninterpretivists insisted that the original meaning is often impossible to identify and frequently should not be controlling in any event.

Professor Jack M. Balkin’s “living originalism” seeks to eliminate the opposition between these theories, and he is open about his agenda: “The notion that in order for liberals to believe in a living Constitution they have to reject originalism in all of its forms is the biggest canard ever foisted on them.” To adapt President Jefferson’s famous statement in his First Inaugural Address, Balkin exhorts us to agree that we are all originalists, we are all living constitutionalists. Perhaps he hopes to hasten the day when originalists meet the same fate as the Federalist Party. If so, he has already made substantial progress.

This essay begins with a brief summary of the core features of Balkin’s theory. It then shows that one of his most prominent converts has abandoned originalism, mistakenly believing that Balkin has shown what originalism truly is.
Optimism, Skepticism, and Access to Justice
Authors: Luban David
Published: June 2020

It has been more than twenty years since the American Bar Association published its pioneering study of the legal needs of low-income Americans. The bottom lines of this study are often cited: first, that each year, half of low-income people faced legal needs, defined as “situations, events, or difficulties any member of the household faced . . . . [that] raised legal issues.” Second, 70% of the legal needs of lowincome people went unmet.

Twenty years later, it appears that nothing has changed, except for the worse. For one thing, the budget of the Legal Services Corporation (“LSC”) is 40% smaller today—in constant dollars—than it was when the Legal Needs Study appeared. In fact, the LSC’s 2015 budget was 10% lower than it was just four years earlier. Today there are about 4,300 LSC-funded lawyers—about the same as in 1994, the year of the ABA’s legal needs survey. This actually improved over the intervening years, when the number of LSC-funded lawyers dropped significantly. But the number of people eligible for legal aid has grown by 11 million since 1994 to a rather staggering 61 million people today, almost a fifth of the U.S. population.
Social Justice as an Essentially Contested Concept
Authors: Greenstein Richard K.
Published: June 2020

In the current hyper-partisan environment, it is tempting to treat those who disagree on social, political, and even legal issues with disdain—as willfully ignorant or irrational or profoundly mistaken or even evil. This is surely true with respect to debates on issues regarding access to justice. Besides courtesy, there is an important philosophical reason for avoiding this attitude and treating opponents in our arguments about access to justice with respect: W.B. Gallie’s idea of “essentially contested concepts,” which, as Gallie describes it, includes social justice. My goal in this essay is to illustrate how understanding social justice as an essentially contested concept helps us see more clearly what is at stake when we debate issues pertaining to access to justice.
Unresolved Judicial Conflict and Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Ferrey Steven
Published: June 2020

Choice of law affects legal outcomes at the core of Anglo-American law. This Article analyzes what electricity is, how the law regards it, and concludes by examining the confusion and inconsistency created by many courts. Even finishing second among the most important inventions in history (second behind only the movable type printing press) highlights the essential role of electricity in the American economy: Among the most important inventions in human history, electricity is the only one which also is essential and irreplaceable to operate seven other of the “top 50” inventions of all time: the Internet, computers, air-conditioning, radio, television, the telephone, and semiconductors.
Defining Sustainability in Nebraska’s Republican River Basin
Authors: Schutz Anthony B.
Published: June 2020

This symposium presents an opportunity to discuss agricultural sustainability. But we have little practical understanding of what agricultural sustainability really means. This is a common problem with sustainability efforts. This Article provides one example of this problem. But it also provides a story of how an effort at defining sustainability served as a catalyst for a group of stakeholders that wanted to make improvements in water management. Understood in this way, sustainability discussions can serve to overcome historic barriers to progress that so often arise with resource management problems, especially in the agricultural sector.
Manuel v. City of Joliet
Authors: Charleson Lynda Hercules
Published: June 2020

In Justice Kagan’s majority opinion in Manuel v. City of Joliet, the Supreme Court held that the Fourth Amendment governs a claim sought under 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 for unlawful pretrial detention, even after the start of the legal process. Following the “broad consensus among the circuit courts,” the Court overturned the Seventh Circuit’s holding that pretrial detention following the start of the legal process was a claim under the Due Process Clause instead of the Fourth Amendment. This note will argue that the Court’s majority opinion correctly held that the Fourth Amendment governs a claim for unlawful pretrial detention both before and after the legal process begins, but the Court incorrectly remanded the statute of limitations issue to the lower court. This note discusses the following: (1) the Fourth Amendment, including its definition, scope, evolution, and remedies; (2) the case at issue; and (3) an analysis of the Court’s holdings.
Whose Land Is It Anyway?
Authors: Kline Aimee , Moore Élan , Ramey Elizabeth , Hernandez Kevin , Ehrhardt Lauren , Reed Megan , Parker Morgan , Henson Samantha , Winn Taylor , Wood Taylor
Published: June 2020

This Article dives into Ghana’s complex land-registration system, which is influenced by both statutory and customary law. Section II discusses Ghana’s statutory land laws. Section III provides a brief overview of Ghana’s customary land laws. Section IV discusses several obstacles within Ghana’s land-administration system.
Regulatory Fracture Plugging
Authors: Cecot Caroline
Published: June 2020

Debates about the desirability of widespread shale development have highlighted outstanding uncertainty about its health, safety, and environmental impacts—most prominently, its water-contamination risks—and the ability of current institutions to deal with these impacts. States, the primary regulators of oil and gas extraction, face pressure from the energy industry, local communities, and, in some cases, the federal government to strike the right balance between energy production and the health and safety of individuals and the environment—an elusive balance given the ongoing risk uncertainty. This dynamic is not especially unique to fracking, or even oil and gas extraction; instead, this dynamic, characterized by tradeoffs between environmental protection and economic development under risk uncertainty, is a common theme of environmental risk regulation. Regulators at every level of government weigh and evaluate potential interventions against this background. This Article contributes to a symposium held at Texas A&M School of Law that explores the advantages and disadvantages of various government interventions in the environmental context in an effort to identify ideal risk-management tools under various circumstances. It argues that the most important considerations for identifying risk-management tools in the environmental context are risks, incentives, and cost-benefit analysis. These cornerstone principles provide a useful framework for environmental policy in general, especially in situations that involve heterogeneous and uncertain risks. By paying attention to risk, incentives, and cost-benefit analysis, government regulators are more likely to promote optimal levels of environmental quality and avoid unintended, or even perverse, consequences. To demonstrate the usefulness of these concepts concretely, this Article applies them to the fracking context, focusing on the most prominent risks from widespread shale development, risks to water from shale gas extraction. It identifies risk-management gaps in tort litigation, insurance markets, and regulation schemes and suggests potential solutions.
Regulatory Carrots and Sticks in Climate Policy
Authors: Johnston Jason S.
Published: June 2020

This Article sets out an informal political economic theory which explains the relative permanence of regulatory carrots—legislative subsidies and mandates for product use—versus the transience of regulatory sticks—traditional costly regulatory requirements. After setting out the elements of this theory, I illustrate it with the dramatic rise in the Obama Administration and abrupt cessation in the Trump Administration of attempts to use conventional U.S. environmental regulatory sticks to end the U.S. coal industry. The Article turns then to describe a concrete example of a regulatory carrot—the U.S. corn ethanol mandate—that has survived despite overwhelming evidence that its environmental benefits, if any, are far outweighed by its environmental and economic costs. This Article concludes by discussing subsidies for solar energy.
Fifth Indifference
Authors: Warden Derek
Published: June 2020

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. Title II of the ADA applies to public entities. That same Title allows plaintiffs to obtain damages upon a showing that the discrimination was intentional. There are generally two possible standards of intent: (1) deliberate indifference or (2) animus. While most Circuit Courts expressly adopted the deliberate indifference model, the Fifth Circuit has not. Indeed, the Fifth Circuit has not adopted any standard and this has led to confusion. The confusion is not helped, moreover, by the sheer lack of justification offered by a number of the Circuit Courts who have adopted either standard. This Essay seeks to clear that confusion. It offers reasons why deliberate indifference, and not the animus standard, should apply to ADA Title II claims. Further, it explains why no Fifth Circuit precedent should be construed as prohibiting the adoption of the deliberate indifference standard.
The Press, National Security, and Civil Discourse
Authors: Johnson Jenna
Published: June 2020

The Constitution expressly provides protection for the freedom of the press. Yet there is one area in which the press is not so free: the freedom to refuse disclosing confidential sources when subpoenaed by the federal government. Currently, there is no federal reporter’s privilege. The Supreme Court has held the First Amendment provides no such protection, and repeated congressional attempts to codify a reporter’s privilege in a federal shield law have failed.

Arguments against a shield law include national security concerns and the struggle to precisely define “journalist.” Such concerns were evident in the most recently proposed shield law, the Free Flow of Information Act of 2017. This Comment advocates in favor of passing a federal shield law. Specifically, this Comment analyzes the Free Flow of Information Act of 2017 against the backdrop of a post-9/11 America where “fake news” runs rampant. Though far from perfect, the proposed law was a step toward balancing national security concerns with press freedom. Legislators can and should strike an effective balance between these two tensions by accurately defining terms like “national security” and “properly classified” to prevent government overreach. Finally, this Comment argues that a federal shield law is necessary to combat the recent national security concerns raised by “fake news” and thereby reaffirm media credibility.
Recent synthesis of thietanes
Authors: Xu Jiaxi
Published: June 2020

Thietanes are important aliphatic four-membered thiaheterocycles that are found in the pharmaceutical core and structural motifs of some biological compounds. They are also useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Various synthetic methods of thietanes have been developed, including inter- and intramolecular nucleophilic thioetherifications, photochemical [2 + 2] cycloadditions, ring expansions and contractions, nucleophilic cyclizations, and some miscellaneous methods. The recently developed methods provide some new strategies for the efficient preparation of thietanes and their derivatives. This review focuses on the synthetic methods to construct thietane backbones developed during 1966 to 2019.
Content of cells of innate and acquired immunity in peripheral blood in brain tumors
Authors: Lisianyi Mykola , Hnidkova Iryna , Belska Liudmyla , Palamarchuk Anastasiia , Vaslovych Viktoriia
Published: June 2020

In this work, the level of cells of the innate and acquired immunity, namely leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 168 patients with brain tumors of different histogenesis and anaplasia degree at different stages
of surgical treatment was researched. Studies have found that the content of cells of innate and acquired immunity, namely neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with brain tumors depends on the histogenesis of the
tumor and the degree of anaplasia. In neuroectodermal and mesenchymal tumors, neutrophil count is increased and lymphocyte levels are reduced, while in neuroepithelial brain tumors (pituitary adenomas), the ratios between the cells of the innate and acquired immune systems in relation to the comparison group are
not changed. In case of malignant glial tumors (glioblastomas) and brain metastases, the absolute content of neutrophils and platelets increases significantly, so does the ratio of N / Lf and Р/Lf cells in the blood compared with benign tumors.
In the postoperative period, despite the removal of the bulk of
the tumor during surgery, there is no restoration of the content of the studied subpopulations of cells in peripheral blood, which indicates the role of both immunoregulatory tumor and other extra-tumor factors and mechanisms that cause an imbalance of individual parts of the immune system.
With repeated operations, the imbalance in the composition of immune cells in the peripheral blood changes depending on the degree of anaplasia: with malignant tumors of glial origin, this imbalance remains at the same level as during primary operations while with benign astrocytomas it increases and approaches the indicators observed in malignant tumors. Indicators of the які спостерігаються при злоякісних пухлинах. Показники співвідношення рівня імунних клітин периферичної крові (Тр / ЛФ, Тр / Нф, Нф / ЛФ) відображають стан вродженого і набутого імунітету і можуть слугувати додатковими показниками особливостей
порушень в різних ланках імунної системи та прогнозу клінічного перебігу пухлинного процесу.
Ключові слова: пухлини головного мозку, вроджений і набутий
імунітет, нейтрофіли, тромбоцити і лімфоцити.
Для цитування: Лісяний МІ, Гнідкова ІО, Бєльська ЛМ, Паламарчук АВ, Васлович ВВ. Вміст клітин вродженого та набутого імунітету в периферичній крові при пухлинах головного мозку. Журнал
Національної академії медичних наук України. 2019;25(4):397–408.
Concept of elaboration and operation of the united system for monitoring and recording of individual occupational exposure doses and the National Dose Registry of Ukraine
Authors: Bazyka Dmytro , Chumak Vadym , Zimina Olena
Published: June 2020

I
n 2014–2018 within the frameworks of the “State social program for enhancement of the state of safety, occupational medicine and workplace environment for 2014-2018”, SE NRCRM
had developed the methodological and organizational grounds
of the United system for monitoring and registration of individual occupational exposure doses in Ukraine (the System), which
were formulated in the respective Concept. The Concept includes
the following chapters: the aim, the tasks, basic principles of the
System elaboration, roadmaps and solutions, operational aspects
of the functioning. The Concept envisages creation of the state
(national) dose register, the coordination center, quality assurance program and present various aspects of the System functioning: interactions with data providers, data users, requirements to
the scope and quality of the dosimetric data. Special attention is
paid to possible risks for implementation, alternative options are
considered. Elaboration and operation of the System that is based
on the principles formulated in the Concept, will allow prompt
accomplishment of the international standards in the area of ra-diation protection and safety. It would provide powerful tool for
optimization of the levels of occupational exposure in Ukraine,
and, ultimately, reduce negative impact of ionizing radiation on
the population of our state
Keywords: occupational exposure, radiation protection, doses, registry, occupational safety, dosimetric control.
For citation: Chumak VV, Zimina OS, Bazyka DA. Concept of elaboration and operation of the united system for monitoring and recording
of individual occupational exposure doses and the National Dose Registry of Ukraine. Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences
of Ukraine. 2019;25(4):448–56.
Development of pathological process and activity of etiotropic drugs in cell culture under condition of viral co-infection
Authors: Zagorodnya Svitlana , Biliavska Liubov , Povnitsa Olga , Pankivska Yuliia
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study: to investigate the peculiarities of the
development of the pathological process in cells in conditions
of mixed viral infection and to study the effectiveness of antiviral
drugs in this model.
Materials and methods of research. A model of simultaneous
mixed infection of MDBK cells with human adenovirus serotype
5 (HAdV-5) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was developed. Mitochondrial activity, ultrastructure and the state of the cell
population were studied using MTT assay, transmission electron
microscopy and flow cytometry with propidium iodide dye. The intensity of virus reproduction in cells and their infectious titer were
studied by the cytomorphology method. The level of the synthesis
of the major proteins of associate viruses was analyzed using flow
cytometry and the corresponding monoclonal antibodies.
Results of the research. Co-infected cells demonstrated a lower
rate of development of pathomorphological changes compared to
mono-infections, related to the inhibition of the reproduction of
associate viruses. It was found that the co-infection of cells with
HSV-1 and HAdV-5 results in a decrease in the number of cells
with virus-induced intranuclear inclusions of both viruses by up
to 40 % and viruses titer by 1.6 lg and 2.6 lg, respectively. Inhibition of synthesis of major capsid protein and glycoproteins of the
herpes virus by 83 % and 64 %, respectively, and a less pronounced
decrease in the amount of adenovirus hexon protein (by 17 %) were
also noted. It is shown that the mitochondrial activity of co-infected
cells increases to 64 % in comparison with herpetic mono-infection.
An analysis of the influence of co-infection on cell cycle revealed
that the number of cells in G1 phase remained unchanged compared with both mono-infections, while the number of apoptotic cells compared with herpes infection was reduced by 24 %.
An analysis of the officinal drugs Acyclovir and Ribavirin effectiveness in conditions of mixed infection showed a reduction in their
antiviral activity against associate viruses by 1 to 2.3 lg compared to
mono-infections.
Conclusions. The presence of a specific innovative cellular model
of mixed infection with known aspects of the course of associated
infections allows it to be used for preclinical study of antiviral activity of compounds and to obtain new data of the role of viral-viral
interactions in the development of inefficient application of antiviral
agents in medical practice.
Key words: mixed viral infection, cytomorphological changes, cell
cycle, reproduction of associate viruses, and antiviral activity.
For citation: Biliavska LO, Povnitsa OY, Pankivska YB, Zagorodnya SD. Development of pathological process and activity of etiotropic drugs in cell culture under condition of viral co-infection.
Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.
2019;25(4):476–87
Application of Cow Manure, Urea and NPK Fertilizer Combination on the Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) in Pre-Nursery
Authors: Setyawan Heri , Rohmiyati Sri Manu , Purba Jhon Hardy
Published: June 2020

Seedling performance is a prerequisite for successful palm oil cultivation. Determining the growth of seedlings in addition to genetic factors can also be influenced by the provision of nutrients at the beginning of growth. This research was conducted with the aim to get the best combination of cow manure with urea and NPK on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. This experiment used a factorial design, consisting of a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), which is a combined application of cow manure, urea fertilizer and NPK fertilizer consisting of 4 combination levels (0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK; 0.2 g urea + cow manure fertilizer, 0.2 g NPK + cow manure fertilizer, and 65 g cow manure fertilizer). Research data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. The results showed that administration of a combination of 0.2 g urea + 40 g cow manure produced the best growth of oil palm seedlings, although it had the same effect as a combination of 0.4 g NPK fertilizer + 50 g cow manure, whereas the combination treatment of 0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK fertilizer and 65 g cow manure treatment resulted in lower growth of oil palm seedlings.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Authors: Fuente Ballesteros Ricardo de la , Salaün Serge
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
Sports competitions as an atypical way to recognize ad hoc in international law
Authors: Shchehlakov Ivan
Published: June 2020

Problem setting. Nowadays there are frequent cases of sports competitions between states, which are not formally a recognition of the state, but show the establishment of certain relations between the states, one of which does not recognize the other one. In addition, since the second half of the 20th century sport has become an integral part of international relations. Furthermore, it contributes to the intensification of international exchange, allowing people to establish intercultural dialogue and overcome political nature’s conflicts.
Target research. To determine the legal consequences of sports competitions between states, one of which is not recognized by the other, and to find out whether these cases constitute an ad hoc recognition.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. The topic of recognition in international law was an object of research of a large number of both domestic and foreign scientists, among which Janatayev H. M., Mitik O. V., Tunkin G. I., Holina E. A., Feldman D. Yi., whose doctrinal developments provide an important theoretical basis for studying the issue of determining atypical ways of an ad hoc recognition.
Article’s main body. Features of ad hoc recognition were analyzed in the article. It was established that for an ad hoc recognition a participation of official representatives of the states in negotiations are important. It is also determined that competitions with the participation of Kosovo Republic and other states which did not recognize it, are recognition ad hoc.
Conclusions and prospects of development. It is proposed to consider the participation of non-State entities, which are authorized by the State to represent it in certain sports, in preparation for inter-state competitions in which the states, one of which do not recognize the other one, take part as an ad hoc recognition.
OSMANOFLAR ROMANINDA MEKÂN VE YABANCILAŞMA
Authors: ULUTÜRK SAKARYA Yasemin
Published: June 2020

İnsanın her türlü duygusuna ev sahipliği yapabilen roman türünde olay, kişi ya da zamanın somutlaşabilmesi, belirli bir mekânın olması ile mümkündür. Bu nedenle her roman bir mekâna ihtiyaç duyar. Romanlarda açık ve kapalı mekân olarak karşımıza çıkan bu unsur, romanın durum ya da olay eksenli / odaklı olmasına göre şekillenir. Durum eksenli romanlarda psikolojik tahlillerin yoğun olarak işlenmesinden dolayı kapalı mekânlar, olay eksenli romanlarda ise olay örgüsünün geniş bir alanda gerçekleşmesi için açık mekânlar daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Osmanoflar'da ise durum eksenli bir roman olmasına rağmen hem açık hem de kapalı mekânlar, ruhsal tasvirlerin yansıtılmasında yoğun olarak kullanılmıştır.
Kenan Hulusi Koray'ın 1938 yılında Kurun gazetesinde tefrika olarak yayımladığı tek romanı olan Osmanoflar, 1900'lü yılların başında Balkanlar'da yaşayan bir Türk ailesinin Bulgar komitacılar tarafından yaşadıkları topraklardan uzaklaştırılmaya çalışılmasını konu almaktadır. Roman boyunca kahramanların ruhsal betimlemeleri hem açık hem de kapalı mekâna tezahür etmekle birlikte, mekân-insan ilişkisi son derece kesif olarak detaylandırılmaktadır. Bu ayrıntılarda ortaya çıkan belirgin durum ise mekân-insan ilişkisinin menfi boyutta ele alınması ve bu tür mekânların kişinin kendi içine kapanarak yabancılaşmaya doğru giden bir ruhsal durum içine girmesine sebep olmasıdır.
Biz de çalışmamızda, Osmanoflar romanında yer alan mekân-insan ilişkisini, insanın mekâna yabancılaşması bağlamında incelemeye çalışacağız.
Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Öğretmen Adaylarının Halk Oyunları Dersine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: USTAOĞLU HOŞVER Pelin , TİRYAKİ Kadir , PEHLİVAN Mensur
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma Beden Eğitimi ve Spor öğretmen adaylarının halk oyunları tutumlarını incelenmek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Düzce Üniversitesi ve Kastamonu Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümlerinde öğrenim gören ve Halk Oyunları Dersi almış 87’si kadın (%35,8) ve 156’sı erkek (%64,2) olmak üzere toplam 243 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma da veri toplama aracı olarak, Turan (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adayları İçin Halk Oyunları Dersi Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi için (SPSS) 22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan normallik testi sonucunda, halk oyunları dersi tutumlarına ilişkin elde edilen p değeri 0,05 ten küçük olduğu için non-parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. İkili gruplarda Mann-Whitney U, çoklu gruplarda Kruskal Wallis Testi, Kruskal Wallis uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi (p<0.05) olarak kabul edilmiştir Sonuç olarak beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının, halk oyunları dersi tutum ölçeği verilerine göre; yaş, sınıf değişkenlerine göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmezken, cinsiyet değişkenine göre erkek beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının halk oyunları dersi tutumlarının daha olumlu bir görüşte oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan Düzce ve Kastamonu da eğitim gören öğretmen adaylarının halk oyunları dersi tutum ölçeği toplam puan üzerinden karşılaştırıldığında sonuç olarak; Düzce Üniversitesinde eğitim gören beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının halk oyunları dersi tutumlarının daha olumlu bir görüşte oldukları ortaya konulmuştur.
IOT Based School Child Tracker System
Authors: Tiwarkar Shruti Anant , Ghare Aishwarya Dinkar , Bhumannavar Shaila Suresh , Kshirsagar Gaurav Kishor , Patil Pallavi
Published: June 2020

In today’s world the number of child kidnapping cases are increasing and the count of these is also increasing day by day. So the safety of children become the topic of concern.
Orbital Motion, Variability, and Masses in the T Tauri Triple System
Authors: Schaefer G. H. , Beck Tracy L. , Prato L. , Simon & M.
Published: June 2020

We present results from adaptive optics imaging of the T Tauri triple system obtained at the Keck and Gemini Observatories in 2015−2019. We fit the orbital motion of T Tau Sb relative to Sa and model the astrometric motion of their center of mass relative to T Tau N. Using the distance measured by Gaia, we derived dynamical masses of

M
⊙ and M
Sb = 0.43 ± 0.06

. The precision in the masses is expected to improve with continued observations that map the motion through a complete orbital period; this is particularly important as the system approaches periastron passage in 2023. Based on published properties and recent evolutionary tracks, we estimate a mass of ∼2 M
⊙ for T Tau N, suggesting that T Tau N is similar in mass to T Tau Sa. Narrowband infrared photometry shows that T Tau N remained relatively constant between late 2017 and early 2019 with an average value of K = 5.54 ± 0.07 mag. Using T Tau N to calibrate relative flux measurements since 2015, we found that T Tau Sa varied dramatically between 7.0 and 8.8 mag in the K band over timescales of a few months, while T Tau Sb faded steadily from 8.5 to 11.1 mag in the K band. Over the 27 yr orbital period of the T Tau S binary, both components have shown 3–4 mag of variability in the K band, relative to T Tau N.
10 Years of Stellar Activity for GJ 1243
Authors: Davenport James. R. A. , Mendoza Guadalupe Tovar , Hawley Suzanne L.
Published: June 2020

The flaring M4 dwarf GJ 1243 has become a benchmark for studying stellar flare and starspot activity thanks to the exceptional photometric monitoring archive from the Kepler mission. New light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission for this star allow precise stellar activity characterization over more than a decade timescale. We have carried out the first flare and starspot analysis of GJ 1243 from over 50 days of data from TESS Sectors 14 and 15. Using 133 flare events detected in the 2 minute cadence TESS data, we compare the cumulative flare frequency distributions, and find the flare activity for GJ 1243 is unchanged between the Kepler and TESS epochs. Two distinct starspot groups are found in the TESS data, with the primary spot having the same rotational period and phase as seen in Kepler. The phase of the secondary spot feature is consistent with the predicted location of the secondary starspot and measurement of weak differential rotation, suggesting this secondary spot may be long-lived and stable in both latitude and longitude. As expected for this highly active star, the constant spot and flare activity reveal no sign of solar-like activity cycles over 10 yr. However, we highlight the unique ability for Kepler and TESS to use flare rates to detect activity cycles.
Physics of Magnetohydrodynamic Rossby Waves in the Sun
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Gilman Peter A. , Chatterjee Subhamoy , McIntosh Scott W. , Zaqarashvili Teimuraz V.
Published: June 2020

Evidence of the existence of hydrodynamic and MHD Rossby waves in the Sun is accumulating rapidly. We employ an MHD Rossby wave model for the Sun in simplified Cartesian geometry, with a uniform toroidal field and no differential rotation, to analyze the role of each force that contributes to Rossby wave dynamics, and compute fluid particle trajectories followed in these waves. This analysis goes well beyond the traditional formulation of Rossby waves in terms of conservation of vorticity. Hydrodynamic Rossby waves propagate retrograde relative to the rotation of the reference frame, while MHD Rossby waves can be both prograde and retrograde. Fluid particle trajectories are either clockwise or counterclockwise spirals, depending on where in the wave pattern they are initiated, that track generally in the direction of wave propagation. Retrograde propagating MHD Rossby waves move faster than their hydrodynamic counterparts of the same wavelength, becoming Alfvén waves at very high field strengths. Prograde MHD Rossby waves, which have no hydrodynamic counterpart, move more slowly eastward than retrograde MHD Rossby waves for the same toroidal field, but with a speed that increases with toroidal field, in the high field limit again becoming Alfvén waves. The longitude and latitude structures of all these waves, as seen in their velocity streamlines and perturbation field lines as well as fluid particle trajectories, are remarkably similar for different toroidal fields, rotation, longitudinal wavelength, and direction of propagation.
Modeling Photoionized Turbulent Material in the Circumgalactic Medium. II. Effect of Turbulence within a Stratified Medium
Authors: Buie Edward , Gray William J. , Scannapieco Evan , Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher
Published: June 2020

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of nearby star-forming galaxies shows clear indications of O vi absorption accompanied by little to no detectable N v absorption. This unusual spectral signature, accompanied by highly nonuniform absorption from lower-ionization-state species, indicates that the CGM must be viewed as a dynamic, multiphase medium, such as occurs in the presence of turbulence. Motivated by previous isotropic turbulent simulations, we carry out chemodynamical simulations of stratified media in a Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) gravitational potential with a total mass of 1012 M
⊙ and turbulence that decreases radially. The simulations assume a metallicity of 0.3 Z
⊙ and a redshift-zero metagalatic UV background, and they track ionizations, recombinations, and species-by-species radiative cooling using the MAIHEM package. We compare a suite of ionic column densities with the COS-Halos sample of low-redshift star-forming galaxies. Turbulence with an average one-dimensional velocity dispersion of ≈40 km s−1, corresponding to an energy injection rate of ≈4 × 1049 erg yr−1, produces a CGM that matches many of the observed ionic column densities and ratios. In this simulation, the N
N

V
/N
O

VI
ratio is suppressed from its equilibrium value due to a combination of radiative cooling and cooling from turbulent mixing. This level of turbulence is consistent with expectations from observations of better constrained, higher-mass systems and could be sustained by energy input from supernovae, gas inflows, and dynamical friction from dark matter subhalos. We also conduct a higher resolution ≈40 km s−1 run, which yields smaller-scale structures but remains in agreement with observations.
AgroForest Biomass and Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Leitão Alexandra , Rebelo Francisco , Pintado Manuela , Ribeiro Tânia Bragança
Published: June 2020

The agroforest sector plays a leading role as a biomass supplier to obtain bio-based products that allowed an acceleration in the circular bioeconomy transition. This chapter applied a mixed-methods review to identify new attractive bio-based products and to evaluate its market potential in Portugal. Forest biomass was identified as an excellent raw material for (1) low-carbon building materials, (2) biotextiles, and (3) bioplastics. The potential of agro-food waste to obtain new bio-based materials was also emphasised. The new bioproducts identified have high potential and attractive markets. It was estimated that a 5% market share of these bioproducts in the global construction, textiles, and plastics markets in 2030 corresponds to an aggregate increase in revenues of 260-579 million € per year in Portugal. The environmental sustainability implications arising from the diffusion of these new biomaterials are also highlighted, focusing on the decarbonisation of the economy.
Breaking Stereotypes
Authors: Mishra Manisha
Published: June 2020

Indian films are gradually coming of age: becoming more realistic, bold, and daring. Indian short films are getting candid: talking openly about issues rather than brushing them under the carpet. The digital media boom and the advent of social media have made the short film genre popular. In the fast-paced age where people, caught up in the humdrum and rat race of everyday life, are generally becoming impatient about everything, the short film has come to the rescue of filmmakers and film lovers. Gone are the days where everyone had ample time and patience to watch a three hour feature film or a two hour saga. In case of a short film, the message gets conveyed in a quick, crisp, and focused manner, without beating about the bush. Women-oriented short films like Her First Time, Juice, The Day After Every Day, Mama's Boy, Going Dutch, Pressure Cooker, The Girl Story, Ek Dopahar, Khaney Mein Kya Hai, White Shirt, Naked, etc. are breaking stereotypes of the patriarchal notions about women. The chapter probes the portrayals of women characters in Indian short films.
The Added Value of the Postage Stamp in Promoting National Cultural Heritage and Identity
Authors: Libera Maria Zofia
Published: June 2020

This chapter highlights the unique status of the postage stamp that, thanks to its multiple dimensions as an official symbol of its nation, contributes significantly to disseminate and promote the cultural heritage, history, identity, and all aspects of cultural life. Many national and international activities are organized around the postage stamp in the fields of culture, the economy, education, history, tourism, etc. Indeed, postage stamps can be identified with various aspects of philosophy, the economy, and education that are part of “a new paradigm of heritage.” Furthermore, the unique quasi-monetary status of the postage stamp is subject to laws and regulations that are enshrined in an international intergovernmental treaty that is renewed every four years by the 192 member countries of the Universal Postal Union. Such laws are essential to safeguard the postage stamp against industry abuses that are undermining the credibility, name, and identity of stamp-issuing countries as well as depriving their national authorities of important revenue.
How Supply Chain Management Will Change in the Industry 4.0 Era?
Authors: Aslan Emre
Published: June 2020

Enabled by some maturated technologies in the last decades, a new industrial revolution is predicted to arise that not only affects manufacturing or industry, but many fields of life. It is named the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. The triggering technologies, concepts, or driving forces mentioned with Industry 4.0 are cyber-physical systems, vertical and horizontal integration, augmented reality, internet of things, internet of services, additive manufacturing and 3D Printers, big data analytics, cloud computing, cybersecurity. Through Industry 4.0, production activities will be made by automatic machines and robot communicating each other. Supply chains will be more integrated due to information and communication technologies based on real-time data sharing. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Industry 4.0 on supply chain management. For this purpose, literature is reviewed according to effects of Industry 4.0 on procurement, production, warehousing, transportation, and fulfillment functions of supply chain management.
Teaching for Critical Thinking
Authors: Brookfield Stephen
Published: June 2020

This article reviews the core process of critical thinking—hunting assumptions—and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers' own backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives, and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions—paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal—are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The chapter examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process, and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students. The advent of digital technologies brings both urgency and opportunity to teaching for critical thinking.
A WebGIS-Based System for Urban Stormwater Risk Analysis Using a Cloud Matter-Element Model
Authors: Chen Junfei , Yu Cong
Published: June 2020

The interaction of human activity, climate change, and urbanization gives rise to more frequent urban stormwater disasters, which causes great economic loss in cities. This article presents a prototype of an interactive WebGIS system for urban stormwater risk analysis. The system has a Browse/Server(B/S) structure and uses WebGIS techniques for prototype development. It is based on the theory of disaster system and Cloud matter-element model for risk assessment. The risk results are immediately generated and visualized interactively by rendering risk maps. Finally, two urban stormwater events in Nanjing in 2015 and 2016 were selected to verify the accuracy of the risk assessment. The results show that the intelligence system can effectively assess the risk level and identify the spatial-temporal distribution of urban stormwater risk in Nanjing, China.