bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of biocompatible carbon dots in hypoxia-related fields
Authors: Huang Qing , Qiao Lv  , Jiang Lu , Chen Qian , Zhang Kebin
Published: September 2022

Almost all eukaryotes need oxygen to maintain regular physiological activities. When the organism is under hypoxic situation for a persistent or periodic, it will induce irreversible physiological disorders and even pathological results. Hypoxia is closely related to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, cancer, chronic heart disease and kidney disease, myocardial ischemia, as well as reproductive diseases like preeclampsia and endometriosis. Therefore, monitoring and treatment of hypoxia have important implications for the pathophysiology of human-related diseases. Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging nanomaterials developed after 2004 with excellent performance, and have broad application potential in variousdomains likeoptical, biomedicine, energy. Advanced hypoxia therapeutics should be integrated with monitoring and treatment, and CDs with excellent performance are good potential options when sensing is combined with various therapeutic methods. Some researchers have also begun to carry out research in related fields and achieved some results. This article aims to clarify the various applications of CDs in hypoxia-related fields in recent years, including hypoxia sensing and hypoxia tumor theranostics. Finally, the possible challenges and prospects for the application of CDs in hypoxia-related fields are discussed.
Development of Kevlar®/polypropylene towpregs through optimized commingling nozzle and processing parameters for thermoplastic composites
Authors: Jogur Ganesh , Das Apurba , Alagirusamy Ramasamy
Published: September 2022

The current study aims at optimizing nozzle diameter and processing conditions for producing quality Kevlar®/polypropylene commingled towpregs meant for thermoplastic composite applications. ANSYS 3D CFD simulation and various experimental techniques are used for the same purpose. The study also investigates the effect of optimized commingled towpregs on the consolidation quality, void % and flexural properties of the developed UD composites. It is concluded that the nozzle diameter of 7 mm has proven to be ideal for producing quality towpregs as it leads to the formation of high nip frequency at 4.5 bar air pressure. The other nozzle diameters, 3 mm, 5 mm, and 9 mm, performed poorly in forming nips. Among these diameters, the 7 mm nozzle has optimum free space between the internal wall of the nozzle and the feed fibre bundle. This optimum space keeps the filaments within the potential air interaction zone and thus leading to the individual filament displacement and entrapment to form stable nips. The Box-Behnken design expert is used for obtaining ideal commingling conditions. The optimized Kevlar®/PP towpregs are produced using a custom fabricated commingling machine with a 7 mm diameter nozzle at the processing conditions - 4.5 bar air pressure, 2 m/min delivery speed, 3% and 1% overfeed, respectively for Kevlar® and polypropylene (PP). These commingled towpregs are flexible, compact, and regular in structure. These towpregs have the highest nip frequency, nip stability, weavability and homogeneous fibre-matrix mixing quality in yarn cross-section along the length. Using such towpregs makes the textile pre-forming effortless and yields composites with better resin impregnation quality and low void content. The UD Kevlar®/PP composites made through these towpregs offered good consolidation quality with a low void (4.3%). These composites showed flexural strength and modulus of 130 MPa and 28 GPa, respectively.
Real-World Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibition in the Setting of Major Life-Threatening Bleeding or Urgent Surgery
Authors: Schmidt Lauren E. , Hinton Matthew S. , Martin Niels D.
Published: September 2022

Background: Management of major life-threatening bleeding with factor Xa (FXa) inhibition poses complex challenges involving novel direct reversal agents competing with non-specific preexisting strategies. The recent availability of andexanet alfa (AA) led to a health-system guideline incorporating its use alongside the most commonly used historic agent, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC). Objectives: The objective was to characterize the use and efficacy of AA and 4F-PCC for reversal of FXa inhibition after implementation of the health-system guideline. Methods: This multi-hospital, retrospective cohort study included patients aged >18 years administered either AA or 4F-PCC between October 2018 to June 2020 with the indication for urgent reversal of FXa inhibitor-induced coagulopathy. The primary outcome assessed hemostatic efficacy between treatment groups. Secondary outcomes evaluated adjunct blood product administration, incidence of repeat pharmacologic reversal, incidence of thromboembolism, intensive care unit and hospital length of stays, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Eighty-five patients were included; 33 patients received AA and 52 patients received 4F-PCC. Effective hemostasis was achieved at similar rates in both treatment groups (84.8% vs 76.9%; P = .373). Thrombotic events occurring during the observed hospitalization were more frequent among the AA treated group (18% vs 3.8%, P = .027). No differences were observed for other secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Guideline use resulted in similar rates of effective hemostasis with a higher incidence of VTE in patients receiving AA. Further exploration with a larger, prospective study to evaluate these findings is warranted.
Longitudinal Changes in Dual Decline in Memory and Gait Speed Association with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Findings from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: Kim Mi Kyeong , Kang Byoung-Ho , Park Ji Hyeun , Ham Sun Mi , Park Hae Yean , Hong Ickpyo
Published: September 2022

Objective: We investigated the association between dual decline (DD) (loss of memory and gait speed) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) degeneration in older adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) reflecting changes over 5 years. This study used the NSHAP data set wave 2 (2010–2011, N = 3196) and wave 3 (2015–2016, N = 4377). Results: Data from 1640 participants were retrieved. There were 601 people with DD and 1039 people without-DD. The DD group had a 28.4% (95% CI = 1.013–1.626) greater risk of degrading in IADL than the without-DD group (odds ratio = 1.284, p < .05). Conclusion: Current research can be used when establishing intervention programs or policies that can prevent IADL degradation through simple memory training and walking activities for older adults living in the community.
‘Finally, We Are Well, Stable’: Perception of Agency in the Biographies of Precarious Migrant Workers
Authors: Trlifajová Lucie , Formánková Lenka
Published: September 2022

This article examines how experience with precarious work influences the notions of control and empowerment among female migrant workers. Instead of focusing on migrant workers as victims of a continuous chain of precarious employment, the article aims to enrich the current knowledge by focusing on the complexity of elements involved in subjective assessments of agency. Based on research of Ukrainian female migrants, we show how precarious jobs can be perceived as enabling, allowing women more control over their lives. To understand these perceptions of agency, we show how important it is to focus on the embeddedness of migrants’ reflective choices in their life trajectories. In the context of migration, this implies a shift in understanding from one in which migrants compare their experience (of labour or gender structures) between country of origin and country of destination towards a more nuanced approach.
Biodegradable and highly conductive polymeric blend based on the latex of Calotropis gigantea as solid electrolyte in energy storage applications
Authors: Taneja Neha , Dujearic-Stephane Kouao , Agrawal Namrata , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Pushpa , Bharti  , Gupta Meenal , Kumar Yogesh
Published: September 2022

A blend polymer based on the latex of the South-Asian giant milkweed Calotropis gigantea (CGL) combined with poly (vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) at a mass ratio of 1:1 without the addition of doping salts was synthesized via solution casting to prepare an ionic conductive film. The morphology, crystalline state, vibrational and thermal properties of the film were investigated by Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The ionic conductivity and transport properties were investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Technique. Due the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature (2.7 x 10−2 S/cm), all-solid-state electrolyte was assembled using the prepared polymer film and a comparative study was conducted with respect to 1M H2SO4 liquid electrolyte, regarding the specific capacitance and the electrical properties. The results demonstrate that the fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitor using PVDF-HFP/CGL blend polymer film as electrolyte matches the performance of the liquid electrolyte.
Applications of affective computing in human-robot interaction: State-of-art and challenges for manufacturing
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Barravecchia Federico , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo
Published: September 2022

The introduction of collaborative robots aims to make production more flexible, promoting a greater interaction between humans and robots also from physical point of view. However, working closely with a robot may lead to the creation of stressful situations for the operator, which can negatively affect task performance. In Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), robots are expected to be socially intelligent, that is, capable of understanding and reacting accordingly to human social and affective clues. This ability can be exploited implementing affective computing, which concerns the development of systems able to recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. Social intelligence is essential for robots to establish a natural interaction with people in several contexts, including the manufacturing sector with the emergence of Industry 5.0. In order to take full advantage of the human-robot collaboration, the robotic system should be able to perceive the psycho-emotional and mental state of the operator through different sensing modalities (e.g. facial expressions, body language, voice, or physiological signals) and to adapt its behavior accordingly. The development of socially intelligent collaborative robots in the manufacturing sector can lead to a symbiotic human-robot collaboration, arising several research challenges that still need to be addressed. The goals of this paper are the following: (i) providing an overview of affective computing implementation in HRI; (ii) analyzing the state-of-art on this topic in different application contexts (e.g. healthcare, service applications, and manufacturing); (iii) highlighting research challenges for the manufacturing sector.
Research on high-speed and high-precision laser processing algorithm based on macro-micro platform
Authors: Liu Jianqun , Xie Xiantao , Zhou Zirong , Gao Weiqiang , Liang Ziqi
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problem that XY motion platform cannot realize high-speed and high-precision machining simultaneously, a high-speed and high-precision laser processing algorithm is proposed based on the macro-micro structure of laser cutter with a laser galvanometer scanner. The velocity planning of macro platform and composite motion is carried out by applying finite impulse response (FIR) filters three times, and velocity planning of micro platform is obtained by vector subtraction method. The motion decomposition of the macro-micro platform is realized accurately. The macro platform is responsible for large-format movement, and the micro platform is responsible for fast-speed turning. Velocity overlap of adjacent segments is employed to improve the machining efficiency. The constraints are established to determine the overlapping time, so that the algorithm can realize high-speed machining without introducing contour error, and ensure that the velocity, acceleration, and jerk of the macro platform can be processed within the limit range. Experiment and simulation analysis show that compared with using only the XY platform, the total machining time of using the macro-micro platform with the algorithm proposed in this paper is reduced by more than 35%.
Digital twin oriented multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling model and its hybrid particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chen Zhaoming , Zou Jinsong , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

To solve the problems of low efficiency and insufficient dynamic response of job shop scheduling in the discrete manufacturing process, a multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling model for digital twin and its solution method are proposed. Firstly, a digital twin scheduling model with physical entity, virtual model and production plan is constructed, and four factors are taken as optimization goals. Then, a hybrid particle swarm optimization method is designed to increase the refined optimization ability, and the obtained Pareto optimal solution set is analyzed by grey relational analysis to obtain a satisfactory solution which coincides with the actual production. Finally, a three-dimensional model which is completely mapped with the real job shop scheduling is built by Plant Simulation software. The scheduling process is simulated and optimized by combining with the production data of an enterprise, which verifies the feasibility and applicability of this method, and will effectively guide the production practice.
Power prior models for estimating response rates in a small n, sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial
Authors: Chao Yan-Cheng , Braun Thomas M , Tamura Roy N , Kidwell Kelley M
Published: September 2022

A small n, sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (snSMART) is a small sample, two-stage design where participants receive up to two treatments sequentially, but the second treatment depends on response to the first treatment. The parameters of interest in an snSMART are the first-stage response rates of the treatments, but outcomes from both stages can be used to obtain more information from a small sample. A novel way to incorporate the outcomes from both stages uses power prior models, in which first stage outcomes from an snSMART are regarded as the primary (internal) data and second stage outcomes are regarded as supplemental data (co-data). We apply existing power prior models to snSMART data, and we also develop new extensions of power prior models. All methods are compared to each other and to the Bayesian joint stage model (BJSM) via simulation studies. By comparing the biases and the efficiency of the response rate estimates among all proposed power prior methods, we suggest application of Fisher’s Exact Test or the Bhattacharyya’s overlap measure to an snSMART to estimate the response rates in an snSMART, which both have performance mostly as good or better than the BJSM. We describe the situations where each of these suggested approaches is preferred.
Cultural Influences on Mental Health Provision in the Caribbean: How Do Contemporary Perceptions and Beliefs About Persons With Mental Illness Inform Workforce Transformation?
Authors: Ocho Oscar Noel , Moorley Calvin , Richardson Sheppard Claudine , Caesar-Greasley Lu-Ann , Hardy Sally
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Mental illness is a global phenomenon in society, including trained health professionals, often responding to people with mental illness based on perceptions and beliefs. The research examined “contemporary perceptions and beliefs about mental illness held by stakeholders” attending a mental health symposium in Trinidad.

Methods:

Data were collected using a 43-item questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Overall, 84 attendees working directly or experienced in mental health completed the survey.

Results:

Respondents believed mental illness should be treated within local community settings. Participants who were more comfortable sharing their mental health diagnosis with friends were more likely to share with others, including their employers. There was a relationship between perception of the superstitious causes of mental illness and its effects on healing.

Discussion:

Qualifications and experience in mental health do not reduce stigma associated with mental illness which has implications for addressing mental health literacy among health professionals.
Attachment and Work Engagement in Virtual Teams: Promoting Collaborative Job Crafting
Authors: Goel Rahul , Game Annilee , Sanz Vergel Ana
Published: September 2022

Researchers are increasingly interested in how employee relational processes affect virtual team outcomes. Applying attachment theory and the Job Demands–Resources model, we examined the relationship between employee attachment orientations and work engagement, and the mediating role of collaborative job crafting. In a three-wave longitudinal panel study of 1,178 employees in 225 virtual teams, autoregressive and multilevel structural equation modeling showed direct negative effects of (anxious and avoidant) attachment on work engagement. Indirectly, however, attachment positively influenced engagement, partially mediated by collaborative job crafting. Implications for attachment inclusive practices that support collaborative job crafting and work engagement are discussed.
Linked but Desynched: An OODA Analysis of Associated Entrepreneurship Accelerator Programs
Authors: Spinuzzi Clay , Cochran Robert , Pogue Gregory P.
Published: September 2022

Accelerators are programs that support fledgling ventures with a set curriculum, moving them through a cycle of venture development that culminates in a Demo Day pitch in which the ventures argue for their viability. Yet firms are often involved in multiple programs with conflicting objectives and cycles. No research has addressed such conflicts. This article examines an accelerator program that is partially linked to others in order to share resources. Drawing on the OODA (observe, orient, decide, act) framework, the authors identify disjunctures between cycles, anchoring this analysis at the final pitch. Working back from this deciding point, they examine interference between the associated programs.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Behavioral Problems in 5-Year-Old Children Born with Cleft Lip and/or Palate from the Cleft Collective
Authors: Berman Samantha , Sharp Gemma C. , Lewis Sarah J. , Blakey Rachel , Davies Amy , Humphries Kerry , Wren Yvonne , Sandy Jonathan R. , Stergiakouli Evie
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To determine the UK prevalence of behavioral problems in 5-year-old children born with isolated or syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) compared to the general population and identify potentially associated factors.

Design

Observational study using questionnaire data from the Cleft Collective 5-Year-Old Cohort study and three general population samples.

Main Outcome Measure

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Participants

Mothers of children (age: 4.9-6.8 years) born with CL/P ( n  =  325). UK general population cohorts for SDQ scores were: Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) ( n  =  12  511), Office of National Statistics (ONS) normative school-age SDQ data ( n  =  5855), and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) ( n  =  9386).

Results

By maternal report, 14.2% of children born with CL/P were above clinical cut-off for behavioral problems, which was more likely than in general population samples: 7.5% of MCS (OR  =  2.05 [1.49-2.82], P < 0.001), 9.8% of ONS (OR  =  1.52 [1.10-2.09], P  =  0.008), and 6.6% of ALSPAC (OR  =  2.34 [1.70-3.24], P < 0.001). Children in the Cleft Collective had higher odds for hyperactivity, emotional and peer problems, and less prosocial behaviors. Maternal stress, lower maternal health-related quality of life and family functioning, receiving government income support, and maternal smoking showed evidence of association (OR range: 4.41-10.13) with behavioral problems, along with maternal relationship status, younger age, and lower education (OR range: 2.34-3.73).

Conclusions

Findings suggest elevated levels of behavioral problems in children born with CL/P compared to the general population with several associated maternal factors similar to the general population.
A Novel Missense Variant in the TCOF1 Gene in one Chinese Case With Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Yin Bin , Pang Yu-Ya , Shi Jia-Yu , Lin Yan-Song , Sun Jia-Lin , Zheng Qian , Shi Bing , Jia Zhong-Lin
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of a Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) patient carrying a de novo variant of TCOF1, and briefly analyze the correlation between genetic results and clinical features. Also, the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of TCS are reviewed.

A Chinese pedigree with TCS containing 8 members was enrolled. Phenotype of the proband was evaluated by a surgeon, then whole exome sequencing of the proband was performed. Then we verified the proband-derived variants by Sanger sequencing in the pedigree. Correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed.

The study was conducted in a stomatological hospital.

A Chinese pedigree with TCS containing 8 members.

To ascertain the genetic variants in the Chinese pedigree with TCS.

Blood samples were collected.

We reported a case of typical TCS with a de novo missense variant (NM_001371623.1:c.38T>G, p.(Leu13Arg)) in exon 1 of TCOF1, who presented asymmetrical facial abnormalities, including downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, sparse eyebrows, lateral tilt of the eyeballs, bilateral external ears deformities, hypoplasia of midface, reduction of the zygomatic body, bilateral orbital invagination, right external auditory canal atresia, mandibular ramus short deformity, cleft palate and the whole face was convex.

This research found a novel variant of TCS in Chinese, expanding the spectrum of TCS pathogenic variants. Genetic results combined with clinical phenotype can make a definite diagnosis and provide genetic counseling for the family.
Pharmacotherapy in Clinical Trials for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Zhixiang , Guo Jianming , Gu Yongquan
Published: September 2022

Objective

There is no medical treatment proven to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. This systematic review aimed to summarise available trial evidence on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in limiting AAA growth and AAA-related events.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed to examine the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in reducing AAA growth and AAA-related events. Pubmed, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), and the Cochrane library were searched from March, 1999 to March 29, 2022. AAA growth (mm/year) in the intervention and control groups was expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). The results of AAA growth were expressed as mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the AAA-related events.Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Forest plots were created to show the pooled results of each outcome.

Outcomes

A total of 1373 articles were found in different databases according to the search strategy, and 10 articles were identified by hand searching. A total of 26 articles were included in our systematic review after the screening. For the studies of metformin, the meta-analysis demonstrated that metformin use was associated with a lower AAA growth rate (MD: −0.81 mm/y, 95% CI: −1.19 to −0.42, P < 0.0001, I2 = 87%), Metformin use also was related to the lower rates of AAA-related events (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.76, P = 0.0007, I2 = 60%). The hypotensive drugs of the studies mainly included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB), and propranolol. The overall meta-analysis of blood pressure-lowering drugs reported no significant effect in limiting the AAA growth (MD: 0.31mm/year, 95%CI: −0.03 to 0.65, P = 0.07, I2 = 66%) and AAA-related events (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 0.76 to 2.32, P = 0.32, I2 = 98%), In the subgroup analysis of the hypotensive drugs, the ACEI/ARB and propranolol also showed no significant in reducing the AAA growth and AAA-related events. The meta-analysis of the antibiotics demonstrated that the antibiotics were not associated with a lower AAA growth rate (MD: −0.27 mm/y, 95% CI: −0.88 to 0.34, P = 0.39, I2 = 77%) and AAA-related events (OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.65 to 1.35, P = 0.72, I2 = 0%). The results of statins also showed no significant effect in limiting AAA growth (MD: −1.11mm/year, 95%CI: −2.38 to 0.16, P = 0.09, I2 = 96%) and AAA-related events (OR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.26 to 1.06, P = 0.07, I2 = 92%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, effective pharmacotherapy for AAA was still lacking. Although the meta-analysis showed that metformin use was associated with lower AAA growth and AAA-related events, all of the included studies about metformin were cohort studies or case-control studies. More randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed for further verification.
Stability of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenols, and antioxidant capacity of pasteurised orange juice with resistant maltodextrin storage
Authors: Arilla Elías , Martínez-Monzó Javier , Codoñer-Franch Pilar , García-Segovia Purificación , Igual Marta
Published: September 2022

Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) was added at increasing concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) before pasteurisation to orange juice to analyse its potential protective effect on the health-related bioactive compounds of pasteurised orange juice throughout its storage time. Samples were characterised in terms of basic physico-chemical properties and bioactive compounds at the beginning of the storage. Higher concentrations of RMD proved to better preserve the bioactive compounds of orange juice, thus obtaining a higher antioxidant capacity (AC). Stability of all samples was determined by measuring the same parameters at days 0, 15, 45, 75, 105, 136 and 170 of storage. °Brix and pH were very stable in all samples along storage, while all bioactive compouds had negative variations. However, RMD addition slightly improved ascorbic acid, vitamin C, total phenols, and total carotenoids retention, improving then its AC. This effect was greater in the 5% RMD-added samples. All bioactive compounds showed a positive Pearson's correlation coefficient with AC. Colour variations were also measured at days 105 and 170. All samples had a positive variation of all colour parameters, being this clearer at day 170. This work enlights the potential functionality of RMD to better preserve the health-related compounds of pasteurised orange juice.
Intra-Subject Variability, Intelligence, and ADHD Traits in a Community-Based Sample
Authors: Schulz-Zhecheva Yoanna , Voelkle Manuel C. , Beauducel André , Biscaldi Monica , Klein Christoph
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The present study investigates the predictive validity of intra-subject variability (ISV) for ADHD traits in a community-based sample and the stability of the relationship between ISV and fluid intelligence (gf) across the continuum of ADHD traits.

Method:

Age-residualized data from 426 participants (8–18 years, 6% ADHD) was used to investigate whether ex-Gaussian and DDM parameters derived from simple choice-reaction-time tasks can predict continuously assessed ADHD traits. Multiple-Group-Analyses and Latent-Moderated-Structural-Equations were used to test whether ADHD traits moderate the relationship between ISV and gf.

Results:

σ and μ of the ex-Gaussian model as well as DDM parameters drift rate ( v) and boundary separation ( a) significantly predicted general ADHD traits, while τ predicted attention difficulties specifically. Across the ADHD continuum, σ and v were significant predictors of gf.

Conclusion:

The results confirm the link between ISV and ADHD. The relationship between ISV and gf appears stable across the ADHD continuum.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB)-properties and application of an antiseptic agent. A narrative review
Authors: Niro Alfredo , Pignatelli Francesco , Fallico Matteo , Sborgia Alessandra , Passidomo Fedele , Gigliola Samuele , Nacucchi Annalisa , Sborgia Giancarlo , Boscia Giacomo , Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco , Addabbo Giuseppe , Reibaldi Michele , Avitabile Teresio
Published: September 2022

The prevention and management of ocular surface infections is still one of the great challenges for ophthalmologists. The spread of antimicrobial resistance makes it necessary to use antiseptic substances with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide, PHMB) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic with excellent tolerance and a low-risk profile. Its physicochemical action on the phospholipid membrane and DNA replication or repair mechanism, prevents or impedes the development of resistant bacterial strains. PHMB revealed its effective against numerous organisms like viruses, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Polyhexanide is commonly used as preservative in commercially available disinfecting solutions for contact lens care and in ophthalmic formulations at different concentrations ranging from 1 µg/ml to 50 µg/ml. The administration of 0.02% (200 µg/ml) PHMB is often the first-line therapy of Acanthamoeba keratitis. However, to date, only one close-out randomized controlled study tested the efficacy of 0.02% PHMB in Acanthamoeba keratitis and a phase III study is still ongoing. This paper reviews the antiseptic agent PHMB, focusing on biochemical mechanisms, safety profile and applications in ophthalmology.
Influence of western approach on housing policies and legislation leading to inadvertent institutional discriminatory practice against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Authors: Burke Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Housing services in Australia have a foundation of a system developed by English Invaders and, as a result, have limited governing documentation and recommended practice, particularly in Queensland, to operate in a culturally sensitive manner for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditional owners. This article focuses on a social housing service and the analysis of legislation and social policy, policies and procedures, staff approaches and client perceptions to examine indirect discrimination towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians involved with housing services. Reflective analysis featuring a critical theory lens indicated a disconnect between legislation and social policy with experiences of clients and organisational approaches resulting in shame, feelings of unworthiness and disengagement from these services. Although Queensland housing legislation provides some governing principles protecting the cultural rights of consumers, organisational practice may not always meet this expectation due to ambiguity from industry leaders.
Rho-Kinase inhibition decreases focal cerebral ischemia-induced glial activation in rats
Authors: Sheikh Abdullah Md , Yano Shozo , Mitaki Shingo , Tabassum Shatera , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Nagai Atsushi
Published: September 2022

Background

Rho-kinase inhibition in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is reported to improve neurological functions and decrease infarction size.

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of such improvement by evaluating the effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on astrocytes and microglial accumulation and activation in this condition.

Methods

Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to generate the MCAO model, which received an I.P injection of a chemical Rho-kinase inhibitor (Fasudil- 5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) for 2 and 4 days.

Results

Fasudil treatment significantly decreased the stroke volumes and water content in the lesion areas, as revealed by MRI. Immunostaining and Western blotting results demonstrated that Fasudil significantly decreased the levels of Aquaporin-4, a water channel protein. The number of GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba-1+ macrophage/microglia was decreased in the lesion areas. Proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB protein levels were decreased in the Fasudil group 2 days after MCAO. Also, proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS levels were decreased. In vitro migration study using a human microglial cell line (HMO6) confirmed the inhibitory effects of Fasudil on the process. Fasudil also decreased combined IL-1β and IFNγ-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in HMO6. Moreover, Fasudil transiently decreased combined IL-1β and IFNγ-induced iNOS, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA levels in HMO6.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the inhibitory effects of Rho-kinase on NF-κB-mediated glial activation and cerebral edema, which might be a promising therapeutic target in acute cerebral ischemia conditions.
Influence of 3D modification on dynamic characteristics of herringbone gearbox system and vibration reduction design
Authors: Li Zhibin , Wang Sanmin , Li Fei , Li Linlin , Liu Linlin , Zou Haoran
Published: September 2022

The vibration and noise of marine power systems mainly comes from gearbox in addition to engine, while gearbox vibration is mainly caused by internal excitation of gear transmission system (GTS) and transmitted to ship hull through the box. This paper proposes a vibration reduction method of 3D modification controlling the strength of vibration source and constrained damping structure restraining vibration transmission energy. For herringbone gear,The 3D modification form of tooth surface combining with two parabolas and one straight line is proposed and the modified tooth surface equation is derived based on the principle of forming grinding.Combined with tooth contact analysis (TCA) technology and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) technology, three internal excitations of GTS after 3D modification are determined. Through force balance and node connection relationship between each element, the coupling dynamic model of gear-shaft-bearing with three internal excitations i.e., time-varying meshing stiffness, transmission error and meshing impact is established to calculate dynamic load of journal bearing.The load is loaded into the finite element model of the gearbox to obtain its vibration value and six symmetrical pressing plates are applied force to fix the foundation with adding the same constrained damping structure in the middle.The purpose of reducing gearbox vibration is realized by combining 3D modification technology with constrained damping structure.The results of numerical examples show 3D modification can effectively reduce the radial and axial vibration of the gearbox, while the constrained damping structure can availably cut down transverse vibration. Compared with modification, constrained damping structure is more obvious effect. This study will contribute to the in-depth study of vibration reduction measures of marine gearbox system under variable excitations, and analyze its vibration characteristics under different vibration reduction measures, so as to meet the requirements of its vibration reduction and realize safety and stability of ship hull.
Numerical optimization of supercharging and combustion on a two-stroke compression ignition aircraft engine
Authors: Mattarelli Enrico , Caprioli Stefano , Rinaldini Carlo Alberto , Scrignoli Francesco , Sparaco Domenico , Caso Paolo
Published: September 2022

Two-Stroke (2S) Compression Ignition (CI) engines have been used in aviation since World War II, for their excellent fuel efficiency and lightweight construction. In a modern light aircraft, these advantages still remain, along with the capability to run on jet fuel instead of gasoline. However, the design of these engines must be deeply revised, in order to incorporate the recent technologies, and it must be optimized with the support of CAE tools. The paper presents a CFD optimization of a turbocharged 2S CI 5.6 L flat-six aircraft engine developed by CMD. The scavenging system is of the Uniflow type, with exhaust poppet valves and a set of piston-controlled ports along the cylinder liner. Two mechanical superchargers are serially connected to the turbochargers. The crankshaft can be directly coupled to the propeller, thanks to its excellent balance and the relatively low maximum engine speed (2600 rpm). Differently from previous papers published on the same engine, the current study is focused on two crucial design topics: the optimization of the supercharging system and of the injection strategy. A customized version of KIVA-3V is used for the 3D-CFD cylinder analyses, while a commercial 1D-CFD code is employed to model the whole engine. The study is supported by a comprehensive experimental campaign, that permitted the accurate calibration of the numerical models. In comparison to any Four-Stroke delivering the same maximum power (400 HP at 2600 rpm, sea level), the analyzed engine is very light (about 220 kg), and efficient (211 g/kWh at typical cruise conditions). Despite the high performance, peak cylinder pressure and turbine inlet temperature at sea level are relatively low: 125 bar, 850 K. At rated power (360 HP@2400 rpm, sea level) combustion is complete and smoke-less, thanks to the optimization of the injection strategy, supported by the previous CFD analysis. The engine can operate at altitudes as high as 5500 m (18,000 feet), still delivering 270 HP at 2400 rpm, without relevant reduction of fuel efficiency. The key for the performance at high altitudes is the choice of the turbocharger considering the compressor choke limit easly reachable at high altitudes.
“Do I understand you right then?”: (re)formulations of users’ initial problem descriptions in social services’ online chat
Authors: Thell Nataliya
Published: September 2022

In anonymous online text-based counselling provided by social services, counsellors face specific communicative and professional challenges. Among other things, they need to ensure that they have understood the chat users correctly in order to provide relevant information and advice. The paper studies how counsellors check their understanding of users’ situations by using formulations, namely, summarising and rephrasing users’ initial problem descriptions. The data consists of chat logs from 56 web-based counselling sessions provided by social services in Sweden. Conversational analysis is used to examine the functions of chat counsellors’ formulations. Analyses show that counsellors reformulate users’ initial requests to establish a joint understanding of the users’ situations and help requested. Three distinct functions of the initial formulations are identified: recasting requests in the institutional terms of social services, clarifying ambiguity in the user’s initial posts and affiliating with the user.
Adhesive curing effect of bonded piezoelectric transducer on electromechanical impedance-based concrete structural damage detection
Authors: Ai Demi , Zhu Hongping
Published: September 2022

Complete understanding of the adhesive curing effect of a bonded piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor on the electromechanical admittance (EMA, inverse of impedance) facilitates the accurate diagnosis of structural damages when employing the impedance technique for structural health monitoring. This article analytically and experimentally investigated the curing effect of adhesive layer on the EMA-based concrete structural damage detection. Curing effect was theoretically incorporated into shearing mechanism of adhesive layer to formulate a new one-dimensional PZT-structural impedance model. Analytical analysis of the curing effect on the EMA signature as well as the EMA-based damage diagnosis was calculably interpreted through the model. Proof-of-concept experiment was performed on testing a four-point bending reinforced concrete (RC) beam bonded with multiple PZT patches under adhesive curing. Experimental results demonstrated that singular shift in the EMA spectra under adhesive curing could be turned into three typical shifts when structural damage occurred, which cogently validated the analytical results. Quantifiable signal index further provided useful information for the identification of crack occurrence, progression, and reinforcement yielding of the RC beam. Results of this study potentially promoted the real-life engineering applications of impedance technique inclusive of deficient adhesive condition.
Basic research on usefulness of convolutional autoencoders in detecting defects in concrete using hammering sound
Authors: Sonoda Yoshimi , Lu Chi , Yin Yifan
Published: September 2022

Because hammering sound tests are inexpensive and can be performed easily, they are commonly used as an inspection method for examining the presence of defect areas (voids or peelings) in aged concrete structures. However, the evaluation of the health of concrete using hammering sounds depends on the subjective experience of the inspector. Therefore, there is a demand to develop a highly reliable and objective diagnostic method that is accurate and efficient. In this study, we used a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to develop a diagnostic method that could assist the inspectors with quantitative diagnostic results of tapping sound when detecting defect areas in concrete. In particular, we verified the anomaly detection accuracy of hammering sound data of actual bridges that have deteriorated over time using the proposed CAE model.
Abstracts and Their Mysterious In-Betweens: Attuning to the Lacuna of Scholarly Communications
Authors: Ulmer Jasmine B. , Salvo James M.
Published: September 2022

Reorganizing our library during the pandemic, James secretly placed Jasmine’s copy of The Hundreds by his copy of Exercises in Style, the latter offering 99 different narrations of the same story. In our accidentally large archive of abstracts for which we never wrote papers, we had a collection of constrained writings, all iterations of our shared research narrative. Many of these were unsubmitted responses to calls for papers (CFPs), conferences we were not able to attend, or papers we never got around to writing. We share the following sample of 24 abstracts here as an invitation, should anyone wish to develop these ideas. Furthermore, abstracts themselves constitute a genre of scholarly communications, the art of which might be developed to make research more accessible, abstracts themselves being situated in front of paywalls. Ultimately, this project led to the 25th abstract and introduction to our podcast, the Researchers’ Cardbox.
Classification of salivary bacteriome in asymptomatic COVID-19 cases based on long-read nanopore sequencing
Authors: Jitvaropas Rungrat , Mayuramart Oraphan , Sawaswong Vorthon , Kaewsapsak Pornchai , Payungporn Sunchai
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has impacted the health of almost everyone, including changes in their salivary microbiota. Since 2019, there has been an increase in the number of new COVID-19 cases in Thailand. Therefore, COVID-19 active case finding is important for early detection and epidemic control. Moreover, the dynamic changes of salivary bacteriome in asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are largely unknown. This research aimed to investigate and compare the salivary bacteriome and the co-infectious bacterial pathogens in the asymptomatic COVID-19 positive group to the negative group, based on novel nanopore sequencing. This cohort was a cross-sectional study including saliva samples collected from 82 asymptomatic participants (39 COVID-19 positive and 43 COVID-19 negative cases). All samples were sequenced for the full-length bacterial 16S rDNA. The alpha and beta diversity analyses were not significantly different between groups. The three major species in salivary bacteriome including Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus mitis, and Prevotella melaninogenica were observed in both groups. Interestingly, Lautropia mirabilis was a significantly enriched species in the saliva of the asymptomatic COVID-19-positive cases based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. The results suggested that L. mirabilis was a co-infectious agent in the asymptomatic COVID-19 group. However, the potential role of L. mirabilis should be validated in further experimental studies.
Posterior Interosseous Nerve Compression in the Forearm, AKA Radial Tunnel Syndrome: A Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Patterson J. Megan M. , Medina Manuel A. , Yang Alexander , Mackinnon Susan E.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) compression in the forearm without motor paralysis is a challenging clinical diagnosis. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical assessment, diagnostic studies, and outcomes following surgical decompression of the PIN in the forearm.

Methods:

This study reviewed 182 patients’ medical charts following PIN decompression between 2000 and 2020 by a single surgeon. After exclusion of combined nerve entrapments, polyneuropathy, motor palsy, or lateral epicondylitis, the study included 14 patients. Data collected included: clinical presentation and pain drawings, provocative testing, functional outcomes, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores.

Results:

There were 15 PIN decompressions (14 patients, mean follow-up = 11.9 months). Clinical presentation included pain (n = 14) (proximal dorsal forearm, n = 14; distal forearm over radial sensory nerve, n = 3) and positive clinical tests (sensory collapse test over the radial tunnel, n = 8; pain with forearm pronation and compression over the radial tunnel, n = 10; Tinel sign, n = 5). Postoperatively, there were significant improvements in Visual Analog Scale pain scores (6.7 to 3.3, P = .0006), quality-of-life scores (74.7 to 32.7, P = .0001), and DASH scores (46.3 to 33.6, P = .02).

Conclusions:

The PIN compression in the forearm without motor paralysis is a clinical diagnosis supported by pain drawings, pain quality, and provocative tests. Patients with persistent, therapy-resistant dorsal forearm pain should be evaluated for PIN compression. Surgical decompression provides statistically significant quantifiable improvement in pain and quality of life.
Dose Dependent Effects of Breynia cernua Against the Paraquat Induced Parkinsonism like Symptoms in Animals’ Model: In Vitro, In Vivo and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Saadullah Malik , Arif Sania , Hussain Liaqat , Asif Muhammad , Khurshid Umair
Published: September 2022

The aims and objectives of the study were to evaluate the antiParkinson’s (PD) potential of B cernua (BCE). B cernua (Poir.) Müll. Arg. (B cernua) is a member of the Phyllanthaceae family. HPLC revealed the presence of various phytochemicals. Study was conducted for 40 days. After PD induction by paraquat behavioural studies were carried out. Biochemical parameters such as DPPH, NO-scavenging, Ferrous reducing power, MDA, GSH, CAT, SOD, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neurotransmitter estimation and TNF-α and IL-6 levels were determined. DPPH, NO-scavenging and Ferrous reducing power assays showed 78.02%, 48.05% and 71.45% inhibitions, respectively. There was significant improvement in motor functions and coordination in a dose-dependent manner (50 < 250 < 500 mg/kg) in PD rat model. Biochemical markers; SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH showed significant restoration ( P < .001) while MDA showed significant decrease ( P < .05). The AChE level was significantly reduced ( P < .05) at 500 mg/kg while neurotransmitters were significantly improved ( P < .001) in a dose-dependent fashion. The ELISA results showed significant ( P < .001) down-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α level. In conclusion, it is suggested that BCE has the potential to reduce the symptoms of PD.