bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral Wall Integrity of the Greater Tuberosity Is Important for the Stability of Osteoporotic Proximal Humeral Fractures After Plate Fixation
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Lim Joon-Ryul , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Shin Seung-Hwan , Chun Yong-Min
Published: August 2024

Background:

Previous studies assessing surgical fixation of osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures have primarily focused on medial calcar support. In this study, we utilized a specific model for 2-part surgical neck fracture of the osteoporotic proximal humerus to investigate how severe comminution of the greater tuberosity (GT) lateral wall affects biomechanical stability after fixation with a plate.

Methods:

Ten matched pairs of cadaveric humeri (right and left) were assigned to either a surgical neck fracture alone (the SN group) or a surgical neck fracture with GT lateral wall comminution (the LW group) with use of block randomization. We removed 5 mm of the lateral wall of the GT to simulate severe comminution of the lateral wall. Axial compression stiffness, torsional stiffness, varus bending stiffness, and the single load to failure in varus bending were measured for all plate-bone constructs.

Results:

Compared with the SN group, the LW group showed a significant decrease in all measures, including torsional stiffness (internal, p = 0.007; external, p = 0.007), axial compression stiffness (p = 0.002), and varus bending stiffness (p = 0.007). In addition, the mean single load to failure in varus bending for the LW group was 62% lower than that for the SN group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:

Severe comminution of the GT lateral wall significantly compromised the biomechanical stability of osteoporotic, comminuted humeral surgical neck fractures.

Clinical Relevance:

Although the generalizability of this cadaveric model may be limited to the extreme clinical scenario, the model showed that severe comminution of the GT lateral wall significantly compromised the stability of osteoporotic humeral surgical neck fractures fixed with a plate and screws alone.
Determinant Factors of Purchase Intentions at Tokopedia in DKI Jakarta: An Integration of TAM and E-Servqual
Authors: Lardo Dery Remmy , Legowo Nilo , Sundjaja Arta Moro
Published: August 2024

The research analyzed the determinant factors for purchase intentions in Tokopedia. The conceptual model was developed based on integration of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and e-Servqual. The research defined purchase intention as dependent variable, attitude toward Tokopedia, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use as mediating variable, and self-efficacy, trust, and service quality as independent variable. The research design applied a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The data collection used a survey method, and the sampling technique was purposive with Tokopedia users in DKI Jakarta. The sample size was determined by using 17-fold indicators, resulting in 380 respondents. The result shows that attitude affects purchase intention. Then, the determinant factors of attitude are service quality, perceived usefulness, and trust. Self-efficacy also affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. However, self-efficacy does not significantly affect perceived ease of use. The coefficient of determinant of purchase intention, attitude toward Tokopedia, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are 38,9%, 39,2%, 31,9%, and 17,9%. The managerial implication is also discussed using the Importance Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) approach. The Tokopedia management should focus on user experience, service quality, information quality, and data privacy protectionfor further application improvement. The findings contribute to the technology adoption knowledge by extending technology acceptance model with e-Servqual.
Yakutçayla Tanıklanabilen Dîvânu Lügâti’t-Türk’teki Hapax Legomenon’lar
Authors: Sağır Can
Published: August 2024

Yunanca bir terim olan hapax legomenon, bir korpusta ya da edebî bir eserde ‘yalnızca bir kez geçen sözcük’ olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sir Gerard Clauson, XIII. yüzyıl öncesi döneme ait tarihî Türkçe metinlerin söz varlığını derlediği An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish adlı anıtsal çalışmasında sadece bir kere geçen sözcükleri hap. leg. (hapax legomenon) kısaltmasıyla belirtmiştir. Clauson’un tespit ettiği bu sözcüklerin büyük çoğunluğunu Dîvânu Lügâti’t-Türk’teki tek örnekler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Clauson’un etimolojik sözlüğünde hapax legomenon olarak tanımladığı Dîvânu Lügâti’t-Türk’teki sözcükleri Yakutça ile karşılaştırmak ve bu sözcüklerin Yakutçada varlığını sürdürüp sürmediğini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Clauson’un hapax olarak kaydettiği baḳıġ, batur- II, biçeklen-, börileyü, çart, ḳaŋ II, ḳarġaş-, ḳattur-, ḳazlın-, ḳıġlat-, ḳımızlan-, ḳınış-, ḳırḳış-, münle-, müŋret-, saġış-, satıġla-, satıġlaş-, seşin-, sıḳrış-, söküg, taplaş-, tizin-, tiziş-, türüş-, yarınla-, yėrtür-, yıldızlan-, yoḏuş-, yularla-, yularlan- ve yumun- sözcükleri incelenmiştir. Karşılaştırma sonucunda, çalışmaya dahil edilen 32 sözcükten 15’inin yalnızca Yakutçada, diğer 17 sözcüğün ise Yakutçayla birlikte birkaç Türk dilinde daha varlığını sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir.
F.M. DOSTOYEVSKİ’NİN “DOĞU SORUNU” BAĞLAMINDA TARİHSEL GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Zholdassuly Talgat
Published: August 2024

Çalışmada, ünlü Rus yazarı F.M. Dostoyevski’nin tarihsel görüşleri “Doğu Sorunu” çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Yazara göre, Rusya’da “Doğu Sorunu”, ХVІ. ve ХVІІ. yüzyıllarda tek bir merkeze bağlı Moskova Knezliği’nin kurulmasıyla başlamıştır. Rus Çarı Korkunç İvan’ın saltanatı sırasında Kazan, Astrahan hanlıklarının ve diğer Türkçe konuşan halkların hanlıklarının işgali ile “Doğu Sorunu”nun çözümü harekete geçmiştir. ХVІІІ. yüzyılın başlarında Rus Çarı Büyük Petro, bu sorunu Rusya lehine çözmeye yönelik bir politika izlemiştir. Yazara göre, Türk hanlıklarının işgali çok önemli olmuş ve Rus fetih savaşları “barışçıl” olarak yürütülmüştür. Ancak tarihi kaynakların gösterdiği üzere, bu tabii ki doğru değildir. Rus çarları, ХІХ. yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı devletinin zayıflamasıyla birlikte, başta İstanbul olmak üzere Osmanlı devletinin mülklerini işgal etmek için planlar yapmıştır. Ortodoks bir din düşünürü olarak F.M. Dostoyevski, Rus yöneticilerinin politikalarını tutkuyla desteklemiştir. Ancak yazarın Pan-Slav fikirlerinin temelsizliği ХХ. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmıştır. XX. yüzyıl boyunca, Sovyetler Birliği tarihi içinde Dostoyevski’nin Pan-Slavist hayalleri gerçekleşmiş gibi görünse de, bu fikir gerçekleşmemiştir.
Metal Industry Waste at Pesarean Village Tegal Regency: Analysis Impact and Potential as Supplement Science Learning
Authors: Arfiani Y. , Rahayuningsih M. , Marianti A. , Nugraheni A. R. E.
Published: August 2024

This research aims to explore the impact of open burning and dumping on the local metal industry, analyze policies and their implementation regarding these practices, and utilize this pollution issue in learning. Using documentation techniques, interviews, literature studies, and secondary data, the study reveals significant environmental impacts, including air, soil, and water pollution, as well as health risks to the community. The findings of this research are that the problem of metal pollution in Pesarean Village can be included as a complement to environmental physics learning on several materials, namely the environment of water, land, air, pollution, and global warming. Two main impacts are identified: open burning releases harmful gases and particulate matter, leading to respiratory illnesses among workers and residents, while open dumping contaminates soil and groundwater, posing risks to human health and the environment. The government of Tegal Regency has implemented relocation and remediation policies to address these issues. However, challenges such as community resistance and resource constraints hinder policy implementation. The study suggests that the case of Pesarean's metal industry could serve as supplementary learning material for Environmental Physics courses at the university level. By integrating this real-world case into the curriculum, students can better understand environmental issues and develop critical thinking skills to propose effective solutions.
Verbal violence against women on TikTok: A feminist linguistic study
Authors: Dewanty Imanuella Anastasia Brigitha Carneliaputri , Saryono Djoko
Published: August 2024

This article explores verbal violence against women on TikTok to uncover the underlying factors contributing to the verbal violence. Using a qualitative approach, we examine verbal violence on the @bacotinajagpp TikTok account from March 2022 to December 2023. The analysis is grounded in feminist theory in Linguistics, which examines how language perpetuates gender-based oppression and reinforces patriarchal norms. Methodologically, the study utilizes a qualitative content analysis of TikTok posts to identify patterns in language use and strategies of verbal violence. The findings show that verbal violence represented in the language used in the account can be categorized into four types (sexual, appearance-related, intellectual, and character-based), manifested in five language variations (hate speech, abusive language, offensive language, aggressive language, and harassing language) and articulated through four strategies (general statements, personal attacks, intimidation, and manipulation). These patterns underscore the use of verbal violence to reinforce men's social dominance by threatening, insulting, and demeaning women, thereby perpetuating negative stereotypes. This article aims to raise awareness of these issues to reduce verbal violence on social media and mitigate negative stereotypes about women. By doing so, the study seeks to cultivate a more respectful online environment and diminish misogynistic attitudes.
Problem-based learning: Making caricature as teaching material based on folklore “Sang Piatu” for Indonesian language learning
Authors: Muktadir Abdul , Susanti Atika , Darmansyah Ady , Febrina Wulan , Irmayanti Meiselina
Published: August 2024

Understanding the materials and keeping motivated are challenges for elementary students in learning the Indonesian language. It happened due to a lack of learning resources. Previous studies mentioned that local learning resources can stimulate students' comprehension, specially forming colorful visualization. Therefore, the present research observes how to develop teaching material of caricatures adopted from the folklore "Sang Piatu," by employing problem-based learning (PBL). The current research aims to boost students' interest in learning, improve students' material comprehension of Indonesian language learning, and foster cultural awareness. The research method employed is Research and Development using the ADDIE model. This research contributes significantly to developing Indonesian language teaching materials at the elementary school level. The result demonstrates the approach's effectiveness in stimulating learning interest and improving students' understanding of the material, including increasing cultural awareness. Future studies could explore the potential of other folk stories from Indonesia. The upcoming studies could also integrate application technology to enhance student engagement in the era of Society 5.0.
Optimizing ChatGPT for scientific writing in the digital age
Authors: Pratiwi Noor Komari , Yulianto Bambang , Mintowati Mintowati , Sodiq Syamsul
Published: August 2024

The emergence of advanced artificial intelligence-based machines such as ChatGPT has brought about changes in the scientific writing process, especially among students. Aspects of originality, creativity, and quality of writing results in the scientific writing process need to be studied to maintain academic integrity, open up opportunities for idea development, and produce coherent and structured writing.  This study aims to analyze the use of ChatGPT as a tool in the process of scientific writing in Indonesian, especially in writing the background of the problem for the preparation of the final project of Informatics Engineering study program students. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with content analysis approach. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique.  Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. A total of 18 students of class R67 in semester VI of the Informatics Engineering study program, Indraprasta PGRI University Jakarta were selected because they routinely use ChatGPT in working on scientific writing assignments. Data was collected by reviewing documents in the form of the results of the task of writing the background of the problem made by students using ChatGPT as a tool in the Scientific Writing course. The use of ChatGPT in scientific writing offers significant benefits in terms of creativity and writing quality. The results show that this technology can make learning more efficient by creating new concepts and improving understanding of research ideas. In addition, ChatGPT also helps to produce quality writing. However, ethical issues related to academic integrity should be considered by analyzing the originality aspect through similarity check with turnitin application. Therefore, while ChatGPT provides many benefits in improving the academic writing process, it is imperative to balance these benefits with careful attention to ethical considerations to maintain academic integrity.
Developing ESP students’ online text reading performance and strategies in small group discussion
Authors: Erlangga Fajar , Setiawan Slamet , Anam Syafi’ul
Published: August 2024

Reading English text is often regarded as a difficult task by English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students during their individual reading time. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of a small group discussion on ESP students’ online text reading performance and strategies. The quantitative research, employing a pre-experimental design, purposively recruited 90 students from the Computer Science and Engineering Faculty. The data were collected through pre- and post-assessments on reading comprehension and a survey on reading strategies. Analyzed using SPSS 27.0, the data of the research show that the small group discussion highly affects reading performance of ESP students. Besides, their reported reading strategy use demonstrates a high frequency of use in all three strategy categories (PROB, GLOB, SUP), with no significant difference found in all categories by age and major. In conclusion, the implementation of a small group discussion in the ESP classroom can effectively improve the online text reading performance and develop reading strategies of the students. It also positively implies that educators can employ a small group discussion to promote other reading aspects in various educational settings.
Applying Implementation Science to Advance Electronic Health Record–Driven Learning Health Systems: Case Studies, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Trinkley Katy E , Maw Anna M , Torres Cristina Huebner , Huebschmann Amy G , Glasgow Russell E
Published: August 2024

With the widespread implementation of electronic health records (EHRs), there has been significant progress in developing learning health systems (LHSs) aimed at improving health and health care delivery through rapid and continuous knowledge generation and translation. To support LHSs in achieving these goals, implementation science (IS) and its frameworks are increasingly being leveraged to ensure that LHSs are feasible, rapid, iterative, reliable, reproducible, equitable, and sustainable. However, 6 key challenges limit the application of IS to EHR-driven LHSs: barriers to team science, limited IS experience, data and technology limitations, time and resource constraints, the appropriateness of certain IS approaches, and equity considerations. Using 3 case studies from diverse health settings and 1 IS framework, we illustrate these challenges faced by LHSs and offer solutions to overcome the bottlenecks in applying IS and utilizing EHRs, which often stymie LHS progress. We discuss the lessons learned and provide recommendations for future research and practice, including the need for more guidance on the practical application of IS methods and a renewed emphasis on generating and accessing inclusive data.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction for High Health Care Utilizers by Using a Multi-Institutional Diabetes Registry: Model Training and Evaluation
Authors: Tan Joshua Kuan , Quan Le , Salim Nur Nasyitah Mohamed , Tan Jen Hong , Goh Su-Yen , Thumboo Julian , Bee Yong Mong
Published: August 2024

Background

The cost of health care in many countries is increasing rapidly. There is a growing interest in using machine learning for predicting high health care utilizers for population health initiatives. Previous studies have focused on individuals who contribute to the highest financial burden. However, this group is small and represents a limited opportunity for long-term cost reduction.

Objective

We developed a collection of models that predict future health care utilization at various thresholds.

Methods

We utilized data from a multi-institutional diabetes database from the year 2019 to develop binary classification models. These models predict health care utilization in the subsequent year across 6 different outcomes: patients having a length of stay of ≥7, ≥14, and ≥30 days and emergency department attendance of ≥3, ≥5, and ≥10 visits. To address class imbalance, random and synthetic minority oversampling techniques were employed. The models were then applied to unseen data from 2020 and 2021 to predict health care utilization in the following year. A portfolio of performance metrics, with priority on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and positive predictive value, was used for comparison. Explainability analyses were conducted on the best performing models.

Results

When trained with random oversampling, 4 models, that is, logistic regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, boosted trees, and multilayer perceptron consistently achieved high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (>0.80) and sensitivity (>0.60) across training-validation and test data sets. Correcting for class imbalance proved critical for model performance. Important predictors for all outcomes included age, number of emergency department visits in the present year, chronic kidney disease stage, inpatient bed days in the present year, and mean hemoglobin A1c levels. Explainability analyses using partial dependence plots demonstrated that for the best performing models, the learned patterns were consistent with real-world knowledge, thereby supporting the validity of the models.

Conclusions

We successfully developed machine learning models capable of predicting high service level utilization with strong performance and valid explainability. These models can be integrated into wider diabetes-related population health initiatives.
Netflix Overseas Strategy: Why Is China the Most Unnecessary Market for Netflix?
Authors: Gao Yiwei
Published: August 2024

Netflix, Inc. has grown into the world’s leading internet television network, offering on-demand streaming ser-vices globally. Its core business strategy focuses on expanding its streaming membership while maintaining profitability. Over recent years, Netflix has shifted its attention towards international markets, which now generate more revenue than its domestic market. However, despite substantial investments, challenges remain, including intense competition, high costs, and differing user habits. Netflix’s attempts to enter China, a significant market, have been met with regulatory challenges and stiff competition from local players. The complex landscape suggests that large-scale investment in China may not yield favorable returns for Netflix.
Dimension of Input Cost and output prices of Paddy in Odisha State of India
Authors: Shende N. V. , Shinde V. S. , Dangore U. T. , Vaidkar R. D. , Khobarkar V. K.
Published: August 2024

Agricultural growth with stability has been a matter of concern in Odisha. As paddy is the major crop growing in the state, the present study was therefore carried out with the objectives to examine the changes in cost and Prices, growth, trend, parity between cost and Prices, gap between FHP (Farm Harvest Prices) and MSP (Minimum Support Prices), impact of MSP on area, production and productivity of Paddy in Odisha. The data of cost and Prices of Paddy were collected form the period 2000-01 to 2019-20 and analysed the temporal change, growth by using CGR (Compound Growth Rate), instability by using CV (Coefficient of Variation), trends by using linear and non-linear trend model, index number, effectiveness of the Prices policy during the harvest periods was examined by the deviations of FHP from MSP and classified into positive and negative deviations. These deviations calculated by using MAPD, MAND, AMPD and AMND formulas. To study the impact of lagged Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) on the acreage allocation, production and productivity, linear Regression equations have been fitted. The result shows that the temporal change of cost of Paddy crop increased subsequently over the period of time. This increase could due to increase in level of input use for Paddy is increases in Odisha. The growth analysis revealed that the growth in various cost of Paddy are found positively significant at 5 per cent level for overall period. For FHP and MSP of Paddy crop are found positively significant at 5 per cent level for overall period. The Coefficient of variation for various cost and Prices was found to be high in the Period-I and low in the Period-II, on the whole, it was observed that the degree of stability is increasing for over the period. There was an increase in trend in cost and Prices of Paddy during overall period and among the competitive parametric models third degree model are found best fitted based on R² significance The gap analysis in which deviations of FHPs from MSPs of Paddy crop results in maximum positive deviations (FHP ruled higher than MSP) in Odisha. The result shows that previous year Prices influences current years’ area, production and productivity of Odisha.
A Perspective of Leadership Sutra in Indian Business
Authors: Bhati Priti , Gautam Vijeta
Published: August 2024

Leadership Sutra and Indian Approach to Power by Devdutt Pattanaik provides a unique perspective to management by integrating insight from Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist theories. Despite his innovative approach, some areas that remain underexplored by him. This paper identifies a potential gap in Pattanaik’s works, particularly in the empirical validation of his concept, applicability across different cultural contexts, and integration with contemporary leadership theories. Moreover, this research work demonstrates the ancient narratives that can enhance the effectiveness of leadership and organizational culture.
Predicting Falls in the Nursing Homes via Recurrent Neural Network Models
Authors: Kravchenko Olga V , Jin Peng , Shan Xiaoyue , Perez Eddie , Munro Paul , Boyce Richard D
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to develop RNN algorithms to predict falls in nursing homes.

Methods

The MDS dataset and prescription drug exposure records were utilized to train RNN, LSTM, and GRU models for predicting falls within 90 days window. Results were compared to the previously evaluated CART-logit model. A ϕK correlation coefficient was used for feature analysis.

Results

RNNs performed similarly (AUROC ≈ 0.74). Feature analysis identified significant correlations for the delirium scale (ϕK = 0.63), use of antipsychotic medication (ϕK = 0.54), exposure to psychotropic medication (ϕK = 0.56), and cumulative number of days spent in the facility ( ϕK = 0.54).

Conclusions

All three models outperformed the CART-logit model, emphasizing significance of incorporating temporal aspects in fall prediction.
Examining the Factors Influencing Adolescent Shopping Preferences and Motivations: A Case Study from Odisha"
Authors: Dash Pradyumna Kumar , Sahoo Dr. Rasmita
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study explores the shopping habits and motivations of adolescents in Odisha, focusing on their tendencies toward amusement and recreation. The research aimed to identify the key factors influencing adolescent shopping behaviors. A sample of 210 adolescents from Odisha was analyzed to examine five critical factors: entertainment, food, discounts, ambiance, and location. The findings reveal that food and entertainment are the most significant determinants in shaping adolescent shopping preferences. The study also references other similar research, noting that results might differ across regions due to cultural and preference variations. Limitations included constraints on time and data collection. Future research could explore how gender influences shopping motivations and consider a broader range of factors.
The Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Bud Chip Growth on The Giving of Different NAA Concentrations and Nitrogen Fertilizer Doses
Authors: Setiawan Bagus , Fuskhah Eny , Karno
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to assess the effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bud chip. The research was conducted using a 4 x 4 factorial design with the basis of a completely randomized design (CDR) of 3 replications. The first factor was the concentration of NAA which consisted of 0 ppm (without NAA), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The second factor was the dose of nitrogen fertilizer which consisted of a dose of 45 kgN/ha, 90 kgN/ha, 135 kgN/ha, and 180 kgN/ha. The growth parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, tillers, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s test (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) at a 5% level. The results showed that the application of NAA could not increase the growth of sugarcane bud chips on all parameters. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 45 kg N/ha could increase plant height growth, number of leaves, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Nitrogen fertilizer with a dose of 180 kg N/ha reduced the growth of sugarcane bud chips. The higher dose of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the growth of sugarcane bud chips.
Growth and Production of Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) on Different Growth Media and Ab Mix Substitution with Organic Nutrition of Float Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Sinaga Corry Dominika , Karno  , Purbajanti Endang
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of several type of growing media and AB Mix substitution with organic nutrition to Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.) growth. The study was conducted using a factorial 3 x 4 completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. First factor is the treatment of growing media which consists of Rockwool, Charcoal husk, and Cocopeat. The second is the AB Mix Substitution with organic nutrition consisting of AB Mix substitution with 0% organic nutrition, AB Mix Substitution with 25% organic nutrition, AB Mix Substitution with 50% organic nutrition, and AB Mix Substitution with 100% organic nutrition. Growth parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, root length, canopy wet weight, root wet weight, canopy dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at 5% level. The results showed that the planting media treatment was able to increase growth in the plant height, number of leaves, root length, canopy wet weight, root wet weight, and canopy dry weight. The treatment of AB Mix substitution with 25% organic nutrition is equivalent to the treatment of AB mix substitution with 0% organic nutrition for all parameters except chlorophyll. The AB Mix substitution treatment with 50% organic nutrition is not equivalent to the treatment without substitution. The higher substitution treatment will affect growth.
The Effect Of Adding Manure To Organic Mulch Sheets On The Growth And Yield Of Crops (Lactuca sativa) Lettuce Plants
Authors: Hadiansyah Bayu Adrian , Machmudi  , Ishartati Erny
Published: August 2024

The study conducted in Cikajang District, Garut Regency from February 20 to June 15, 2023, aimed to assess the impact of different compositions of organic mulch, derived from water hyacinth and banana stems, combined with a blend of chicken and cow manure on lettuce growth and yield. Employing ANOVA analysis at a 5% significance level, with a DMRT follow-up test, the research involved seven treatments and two controls. The treatments included organic mulch without manure mixture (M1), and organic mulch with 5% (M2), 10% (M3), 15% (M4), 20% (M5), 25% (M6), and 30% (M7) cow and chicken manure. Positive control was Black Silver Plastic Mulch, and negative control was without mulch. The study revealed significant effects of organic mulch treatments on plant height, leaf count, and crop diameter during the initial vegetative growth stage. Specifically, treatment M5, comprising organic mulch from water hyacinth with a 20% mixture of cow and chicken manure, demonstrated a notable increase in net head weight per plot at harvest. This suggests the potential of this particular mulch composition for enhancing lettuce yield. The findings emphasize the practical application of organic mulch, particularly M5, as a beneficial strategy in lettuce cultivation, promoting growth and ultimately increasing harvest yield.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: August 2024

ickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, specifically hemoglobin S (HbS), which leads to the sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) and subsequent microvascular occlusion. Vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are a hallmark of SCA, resulting in acute pain and potential organ damage. Recent studies have highlighted the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of SCA, as it contributes to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). This response, while initially adaptive, can become detrimental when prolonged, leading to cellular dysfunction and exacerbating the sickling process. The relationship between ER stress and VOCs involves several interconnected mechanisms, including the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis of erythroid precursor cells, and oxidative stress. ER stress-induced inflammation promotes the adhesion of sickled RBCs and leukocytes to the endothelium, enhancing microvascular obstruction. Additionally, the effects of ER stress on erythropoiesis can lead to anemia and further hypoxia, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the risk of VOCs. Understanding these mechanisms provides critical insights into the complexities of SCA and the factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of VOCs. Targeting ER stress pathways presents a novel therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes in patients with SCA. Pharmacological agents that alleviate ER stress or modulate the UPR may enhance RBC function and reduce the incidence of VOCs. Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, vaso-occlusive crisis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, red blood cells, hemoglobin, inflammation, therapeutic strategies
Maternal Malaria and the Risk of Subsequent Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: August 2024

Maternal malaria, primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum, has well-documented immediate effects on pregnancy, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and placental dysfunction. However, its impact extends beyond the current pregnancy, potentially influencing outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. This review examines how maternal malaria affects future pregnancies, focusing on the mechanisms through which previous malaria infections contribute to subsequent complications. Key mechanisms include chronic placental damage, immune system alterations, and persistent inflammation, which can disrupt placental function and increase the risk of adverse outcomes such as preterm labor and placental abruption in future pregnancies. The review highlights evidence that women with a history of maternal malaria are at an elevated risk for complications in subsequent pregnancies, including an increased likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight. Persistent placental damage and immune dysregulation resulting from past malaria infections contribute to these risks. Understanding these long-term effects is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in malaria-endemic regions. Keywords: Maternal malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, pregnancy complications, placental damage, immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, preterm birth
Iron Overload in HIV: Clinical Challenges and Management Approaches
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: August 2024

Iron overload in HIV-infected individuals represents a critical but often under-recognized challenge that impacts disease progression and patient management. The interplay between iron metabolism and HIV infection is complex, with excess iron exacerbating oxidative stress, enhancing viral replication, and contributing to immune dysfunction. This review explores the clinical implications of iron overload in HIV-infected patients, detailing how iron dysregulation can influence disease outcomes and complicate treatment strategies. Key challenges in managing iron overload include accurate diagnosis, balancing therapeutic interventions, and addressing co-infections. Diagnostic difficulties arise from distinguishing iron overload from other forms of anemia, while treatment must navigate the dual issues of managing excess iron and optimizing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Additionally, co-infections such as hepatitis further complicate the management of iron overload and its associated liver damage. Current management strategies involve regular monitoring of iron levels, utilizing phlebotomy or iron chelation therapy, and optimizing ART regimens to mitigate their impact on iron metabolism. Dietary modifications and lifestyle changes also play a role in managing iron levels.
Keywords: Iron overload, HIV infection, iron metabolism, oxidative stress, viral replication, antiretroviral therapy, anemia, iron chelation, liver disease, patient management
Understanding Leadership in Formal Organizations: Insights from Qualitative Research
Authors: Astawa I Nengah Dasi , Putra Made Satria Pramanda , Yustiani Dwi , Putra Komang Satria Wibawa
Published: August 2024

This qualitative empirical study investigates leadership styles in formal organizations. The study utilized purposive sampling to select informants, and data was collected through observation and interviews. The snowball model was employed when data saturation was achieved. The qualitative descriptive analysis of the data involved data collection, classification, reduction, and interpretation. The study findings indicate that leaders in formal organizations predominantly utilize collaborative, participative, and democratic leadership styles, with occasional employment of autocratic style in specific situations. Transformational leadership style is less commonly observed, particularly in the public sector, while there is an emerging trend towards its adoption in the private sector. The study highlights that the participative leadership style involves decision-making through selection, the democratic style is based on election, and the transformative leadership style is rooted in education.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BINO-TRINOMIAL METHOD USING THE FUZZY SET APPROACH FOR OPTION PRICING
Authors: Agustina Fitriani , Sumarti Novriana , Sidarto Kuntjoro Adji
Published: August 2024

An option is a financial instrument that investors often use for speculation or hedging purposes. Calculating the profit in the investment using options also considers its price, so the investor needs to know the proper value of the option's price or at least the range of these values. This paper aims to improve the Bino-Trinomial tree model for determining the price of a European call option with a volatility parameter in the form of a triangular Fuzzy number. The Bino-Trinomial tree model is a combination of the Binomial and Trinomial trees that aims to control the values of its branches. Due to the involvement of the Fuzzy number, the obtained value of the option price is in a range or interval, so the investor could use it appropriately in arranging investment strategies. In the proposed model, the Fuzzy volatility parameter is utilized to capture the uncertainty of the estimated volatility in the financial market which can fluctuate from time to time. This parameter is expected to provide reasonable ranges and appropriate Fuzzy membership functions for option pricing so that investors can expect different optimal values for different risk preferences. We also adjusted the formulation of the increase and decrease factors in the Fuzzy Binomial tree to model stock price movements. Using different values of the volatility's sensitivity level and the option period, the results of numerical simulations show that prices of European call options given by the market are always within the option price range of the proposed model's result. Likewise, the results of the defuzzification of options prices in our Fuzzy Bino-Trinomial tree model are not much different from the prices given by the market. This shows that the Fuzzy Bino-Trinomial tree model performs better in determining the price of European call options than the Fuzzy Binomial tree and Fuzzy Trinomial models.
LOAN BENCHMARK INTEREST RATE IN BANKING DUOPOLY MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS EXPECTATION
Authors: Ansori Moch. Fandi
Published: August 2024

A loan benchmark interest rate policy always becomes a challenging problem in the banking industry since it has a role in controlling bank loan expansion, especially when there is competition between two banks. This paper aims to assess the influence of the loan benchmark interest rate on the expansion of loans between two banks. We present a banking duopoly model in the form of two-dimensional difference equations which is constructed from heterogeneous expectation, where one of the banks sets its optimal loan volume based on the other bank’s rational expectation. The model’s equilibrium is investigated, and its stability is analyzed using the Jury stability condition. Investigation indicates that to ensure the stability of the banking loan equilibrium, it is advisable to establish a loan benchmark interest rate that is lower than the flip bifurcation value. Some numerical simulations, such as the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, and chaotic attractor, are presented to confirm the analytical findings.
Pola Komunikasi Organisasi (Studi Kangguru Internasional Education Service di Aceh)
Authors: Qanitah Arifa
Published: August 2024

Organizational communication patterns are a system of sending messages from communicators to communicants with the aim of changing behavior, attitudes and opinions. This research aims to look further at the organizational communication patterns carried out by KIES Aceh. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The data used in this research is primary data collected from the field through observation and in-depth interviews. Method. The number of informants used as primary data sources in this research consisted of 4 people: Director, Deputy Director, Treasurer, and Teacher. The research results show that there are 3 organizational communication patterns used by KIES, namely: formal communication patterns, informal communication patterns and socialization mechanism communication patterns. Where these three communication patterns work well at KIES.
Persepsi Dan Respons Mahasiswa Terhadap Berita Hoax Dan Ujaran Kebencian: Tinjauan Berdasarkan Qaulan Sadidan Dan Qaulan Balighan
Authors: Furqany Syahril , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: August 2024

This research examines students' perceptions and responses to hoax news and hate speech. With the development of technology and social media today, the opportunity to spread hoax news is getting bigger. People who lack digital literacy will be very easily exposed to fake news. The research method used a quantitative method by conducting a survey of 40 students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program, Faculty of Da'wah and Communication, UIN Ar-Raniry. The research results show that students very often encounter fake news or hoaxes on social media, but sometimes they don't know how to differentiate between them. The most news about hoaxes is political news. While hate speech is very often experienced by students, students believe that hate speech can create divisions between individuals. The step they took was to report several cases of hate speech. Cases of hoax news and hate speech can be resolved by understanding more deeply the principles of Islamic communication, namely Qaulan Sadidan and Qaulan Balighan. Of course, there is a need for digital da'wah in strengthening the principles of Islamic communication.
Penerapan Komunikasi Antarbudaya Dai dan Daiyah dalam Berdakwah di Aceh
Authors: Irma Ade
Published: August 2024

Intercultural communication cannot be avoided in communication process, including in da’wah. Dai (man preacher) and daiyah (woman preacher), whether they realize it or not, have practiced intercultural communication in their da'wah activities. There are important parts in intercultural communication that can cause success or failure in delivering da'wah. One important part is that dai and daiyah recognize their mad'u culture. Unfortunately, we still find dai and daiyah who have not implemented intercultural communication by taking into account mad'u's cultural differences when preaching, causing mad'u to be less enthusiastic and even no longer willing to attend da'wah studies. To explore this phenomenon in depth, researchers used qualitative methods. This method explores in depth the dai and daiyah who have not implemented intercultural communication optimally in their preaching practices. In an effort to obtain information related to this, the researcher interviewed mad'u in depth, who is a young intellectual who often participates in religious studies, both on campus, outside campus and at the mosque. The results of data mining from informants found that we still found, 1) dai and daiyah who preach by equating or assuming that every mad'u is the same without realizing that the mad'u present come from diverse cultures, 2) dai and daiyah who stereotype to their mad'u, 3) dai and daiyah who are less sensitive and misinterpret mad'u's nonverbal messages, 4) dai and daiyah who are less able to adjust their language when preaching, 5) dai and daiyah who negatively assess the differences between themselves and mad 'u.
Evaluation of automated photograph-cephalogram image integration using artificial intelligence models
Authors: Moon Jun-Ho , Kim Min-Gyu , Cho Sung Joo , Ko Dong-Yub , Hwang Hye-Won , Park Ji-Ae , Lee Shin-Jae
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To develop and evaluate an automated method for combining a digital photograph with a lateral cephalogram.

Materials and Methods

A total of 985 digital photographs were collected and soft tissue landmarks were manually detected. Then 2500 lateral cephalograms were collected, and corresponding soft tissue landmarks were manually detected. Using the images and landmark identification information, two different artificial intelligence (AI) models—one for detecting soft tissue on photographs and the other for identifying soft tissue on cephalograms—were developed using different deep-learning algorithms. The digital photographs were rotated, scaled, and shifted to minimize the squared sum of distances between the soft tissue landmarks identified by the two different AI models. As a validation process, eight soft tissue landmarks were selected on digital photographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs from 100 additionally collected validation subjects. Paired t-tests were used to compare the accuracy of measures obtained between the automated and manual image integration methods.

Results

The validation results showed statistically significant differences between the automated and manual methods on the upper lip and soft tissue B point. Otherwise, no statistically significant difference was found.

Conclusions

Automated photograph-cephalogram image integration using AI models seemed to be as reliable as manual superimposition procedures.
Comparison of the effect of clear twin block and traditional twin block on speech: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shahbodaghi Mohammad Rahim , Zali Mahsa , Behroozian Ahmad , Dadgar Hooshang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To compare the effect of clear twin block (CTB) and traditional twin block (TTB) appliances on speech.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, 18 skeletal Class II (Class II, division 1) growing patients were selected and randomly divided into CTB and TTB groups. Objective and semiobjective speech assessment tests were performed for vowel and consonant analyses at four time intervals: before (T0), immediately after (T1), 1 month after (T2), and 3 months after (T3) inserting the appliance. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and independent t-test at the .05 significance level.

Results

Intergroup comparisons showed that the CTB group had less speech distortion immediately after insertion of the appliance (P < .05) than the TTB group; however, the differences were not significant at other time intervals. Intragroup comparisons showed that the number of distortions decreased significantly from T1 to T3 in both groups (P < .05). In contrast to CTB, the T0–T3 comparison was significant in the TTB group.

Conclusions

Although both appliances had some effects on speech, CTB had less speech distortion immediately after insertion, which is a very crucial moment in patient compliance. Additionally, articulation structures adapted to CTB faster than to TTB.
More molar distal movement than pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography posterior space available at the root level in mandibular dentition distalization with microimplants
Authors: Sun Di , Kim Ho-Jin , Noh Hyung-Kyu , Park Hyo-Sang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To compare the mandibular posterior space available before treatment and the distance of molar distalization achieved after mandibular dentition distalization with microimplants.

Materials and Methods

A total of 66 Class I or III adult patients (mean age = 24.46 ± 4.89 years) who underwent molar distalization using microimplants were retrospectively included. The posterior space available distal to the second molar before treatment and the distance of distalization achieved after treatment were measured using axial cone-beam computed tomography images (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the second molar root furcation). Changes in lingual cortical thickness and molar root length after treatment were examined. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare measurements before and after treatment. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between thinning of the cortical plate and root resorption.

Results

Achieved distalization distance was significantly greater than pretreatment posterior space available by 0.8 mm at all root levels (P < .001). The difference was greater toward the root apex level and greater in the Class III group than the Class I group. Lingual cortical thickness was significantly decreased after treatment along with resorption of the second molar distal root (P < .001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between thinning of the cortical plate and distal root resorption of the molar (P < .001).

Conclusions

Achieved distalization distance of the mandibular molar using microimplants was greater than the pretreatment posterior space available. Thinning of the lingual cortex and root resorption were observed after distalization.