bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between IL1RL1 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis risk in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Zhengqing , Ren Jiajia , Zhang Jirong , Wang Xing , Liu Yonglin , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2022

Background

Although it has been confirmed that IL1RL1 is involved in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR), the role of IL1RL1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AR is still unclear.

Methods

We performed a case–control study including 1000 AR patients and 1000 healthy controls. The four SNPs rs72823628 G > A, rs950881 G > T, rs72823641 T > A and rs3771175 T > A in IL1RL1 were chosen and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform. The relationship between IL1RL1 SNPs and AR risk was analyzed by logistic regression and assessed with odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

Overall analysis revealed that IL1RL1 gene rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175 were associated with a reduced AR risk. Stratified analysis showed that the three SNPs (rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175) were obviously linked to a reduced risk of AR in males. Moreover, no correlation was observed between haplotypes and reduced AR risk after the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. The false positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was used to further validate significant findings.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to indicate that IL1RL1 gene polymorphisms (rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175) may be correlated with decreased risk of AR in the Chinese Han population.
Multigraded apolarity
Authors: Gałązka Maciej
Published: October 2022

We generalize methods to compute various kinds of rank to the case of a toric variety X embedded into projective space using a very ample line bundle . We find an upper bound on the cactus rank. We use this to compute rank, border rank, and cactus rank of monomials in when X is , the Hirzebruch surface , or the weighted projective plane .
Oleuropein Prevents OVA‐Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Enhancing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Remodeling the Intestinal Flora
Authors: Guo Yuanjie , Ma Yu , Ma Liyuan , Guo Zixin , Xiao Yingliang , Liu Yunjun , Li Jie , Wang Shengnan , Liu Yixiang
Published: October 2022

Scope

This study assesses whether oleuropein prevents ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced food allergy (FA) and investigates the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and results

A Balb/c FA mouse model is established and maintained for 7 weeks. The subjects are administered OVA by oral gavage to induce FA and supplemented with different oleuropein doses (1.00–20.00 mg kg−1 per day) to evaluate its preventative efficacy. The results indicate that oleuropein effectively alleviates OVA‐induced allergy symptoms and promotes temperature elevation in sensitized mice. The secretion of serology‐specific OVA‐immunoglobulin (Ig)E, OVA‐IgG, and histamine is inhibited in the sensitized mice. Oleuropein dramatically upregulates the expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, regenerating gene (Reg) IIIγ, and interleukin (IL)‐22, enhancing the physical and biochemical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, oleuropein improves the immune homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium by affecting the function of mucosal mast cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. The disordered intestinal flora of the sensitized mice also improves after oleuropein administration.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that oleuropein prevents FA by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function and improving immune homeostasis and intestinal flora in sensitized mice. Therefore, diets rich in oleuropein should be recommended for people with FA.
Trendbericht Theoretische Chemie 2022: Quantenchemie für Atome und Moleküle in starken Magnetfeldern
Authors: Stopkowicz Stella
Published: October 2022

Maschinelles Lernen eignet sich, um Photochemie und somit elektronisch angeregte Zustände zu beschreiben; klassische Molekulardynamiktechniken erlauben, bestimmte Aspekte der nuklearen Quanteneffekte in Probleme der physikalischen Chemie einzubeziehen, und was Finite‐Feld‐Methoden mit alten Sternen zu tun haben.
Trepanation during the late Neolithic Age from the Mapai cemetery in the Gan‐Qing region, northwestern China—A bioarcheological and experimental study
Authors: Yang Shiyu , Sun Yang , Dong He , Sun Xiaofan , Zhang Quanchao , Wang Qian
Published: October 2022

Trepanation skulls have been found clustered in the Gan‐Qing region of northwestern China, where the trepanation also demonstrated more signs of healing than those from other areas. In this study, two skulls belonging to the pre‐Qiang people from the Mapai cemetery in the late Neolithic period in the Gan‐Qing region with trepanation were observed using ultra‐depth electron microscopy and CT imaging. Moreover, trepanation experiments were conducted to test different tools and tool combinations to investigate the trepanation technique used by the pre‐Qiang people. Results demonstrated that the trepanation openings with signs of healing were the work of experienced trepanation practitioners, most likely for therapeutic purposes. Our experiments also demonstrated that different tools need to be used to generate similar perforations, suggesting a mature trepanation procedure by the pre‐Qiang people. Although it seems clear that the two individuals in this study underwent neurosurgical operations, it is impossible to determine why that surgery was performed. The trepanation phenomenon of the Gan‐Qing region enriches our knowledge of lifestyles, health status, and primitive yet then advanced medical techniques and healthcare.
Pseudohypoxia in paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma is associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype
Authors: Celada Lucía , Cubiella Tamara , San‐Juan‐Guardado Jaime , Gutiérrez Gala , Beiguela Brenda , Rodriguez Raúl , Poch María , Astudillo Aurora , Grijalba Ana , Sánchez‐Sobrino Paula , Tous Maria , Navarro Elena , Serrano Teresa , Paja Miguel , Valdés Nuria , Chiara María‐Dolores
Published: October 2022

Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) have poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The recent advent of immunotherapies showing remarkable clinical efficacies against various cancer types offers the possibility of novel opportunities also for metastatic PPGL. Most PPGLs are pathogenically linked to inactivating mutations in genes encoding different succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits. This causes activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 2 (HIF2)‐mediated transcriptional program in the absence of decreased intratumoral oxygen levels, a phenomenon known as pseudohypoxia. Genuine hypoxia in a tumor creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the impact of pseudohypoxia in the immune landscape of tumors remains largely unexplored. In this study, tumoral expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and HIF2α and tumor infiltration of CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) were examined in PPGL specimens from 102 patients. We assessed associations between PD‐L1, CTL infiltration, HIF2α expression, and the mutational status of SDH genes. Our results show that high PD‐L1 expression levels in tumor cells and CTL tumor infiltration were more frequent in metastatic than nonmetastatic PPGL. However, this phenotype was negatively associated with SDH mutations and high HIF2α protein expression. These data were validated by analysis of mRNA levels of genes expressing PD‐L1, CD8, and HIF2α in PPGL included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Further, PD‐L1 and CD8 expression was lower in norepinephrine than epinephrine‐secreting PPGL. This in silico analysis also revealed the low PD‐L1 or CD8 expression levels in tumors with inactivating mutations in VHL or activating mutations in the HIF2α‐coding gene, EPAS1, which, together with SDH‐mutated tumors, comprise the pseudohypoxic molecular subtype of PPGL. These findings suggest that pseudohypoxic tumor cells induce extrinsic signaling toward the immune cells promoting the development of an immunosuppressive environment. It also provides compelling support to explore the differential response of metastatic PPGL to immune checkpoint inhibitors. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Improving Data Quality in Traditional Low‐Dose Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Wang Lingling , Jiang Yilan , Zhou Yi , Shi Ruikai , Hosokawa Fumio , Terasaki Osamu , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2022

It has become very important to study and find optimal conditions for imaging electron‐beam (e‐beam) sensitive materials in scanning transmission electron microscopy under low electron‐dose with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Convergence and collection angles and electron‐probe current are essential parameters. However, these parameters have rarely been discussed in a systematic way. In this paper, the illumination and collection conditions are optimized according to the resolution requirement of different materials by adjusting the condenser and intermediate lenses in a commercial transmission electron microscope. To demonstrate the significance of optimizing these parameters, two examples, zeolite MFI and metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐101, are taken among the sensitive materials, with the most important electron incidences along the [010] and <110> directions, respectively. High SNR atomic resolution images of MFI are obtained with e‐beam current as low as 0.50 pA, reaching information transfer for reflection up to 18 0 2 corresponding to d‐spacing of 0.11 nm, close to the resolution limit of 0.098 nm from resolvable diffraction limit. MOF MIL‐101 is characterized under an even lower e‐beam 0.2 pA to avoid severe beam damage. High‐quality annular dark and bright field images are obtained, which proves the wide applicability of this method on more e‐beam sensitive materials.
Management of diuretics in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia discharged on home oxygen
Authors: Dawson Sara K. , D'Andrea Lynn A. , Lagatta Joanne M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are often prescribed diuretics before the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It is unknown whether outpatient medication weaning strategies affect the duration of home oxygen therapy.

Methods

This was a secondary cohort analysis of infants born <32 weeks gestational age with BPD from 2015 to 2018 discharged from our NICU or regional NICUs, referred to our pulmonary clinic for home oxygen management. We compared three groups: those discharged with no diuretics, diuretics actively weaned (dose decreased), and diuretics passively weaned (dose not adjusted).

Results

Out of 125 infants, 116 were included in the analysis. Forty‐five infants were discharged without diuretics, 52 infants were discharged with diuretics that were actively weaned, and 19 infants were discharged with diuretics that were passively weaned. Infants who were passively weaned spent the most time on home oxygen (median 28 weeks, interquartile range [IQR] 16–52; p = 0.011); there were no differences in home oxygen duration in infants actively weaned (median 13 weeks, IQR 10–26) versus not on diuretics (median 22 weeks, IQR 12–30, p = 0.285). Multivariable adjustment for other illness characteristics associated with the duration of home oxygen did not change this finding.

Conclusions

Active weaning of diuretics did not prolong the duration of home oxygen, in the setting of a standardized clinical guideline for weaning home oxygen in infants with BPD. These data can serve as baseline information to implement and test standardized strategies for outpatient medication management.
Adaptive fuzzy leader‐follower consensus control using sliding mode mechanism for a class of high‐order unknown nonlinear dynamic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Wen Guoxing , Dou Hui , Li Bin
Published: October 2022

In this article, a distributed leader‐follower consensus approach is developed for a class of high‐order unknown nonlinear dynamic multi‐agent systems (MASs). Because every agent of the MAS contains multiple state variables, the existing consensus methods are not completely applicable for it. In order to find the qualified consensus protocol for this high‐order MAS, sliding mode mechanism can be naturally considered for designing the consensus control because it can manage multiple state variables with the help of a constructed hyperplane. To this consensus control design, the sliding mode term is composed of all tracking error variables. Since the method does not require the switching control term around sliding surface, it can avoid the chattering phenomenon, which exits in most of the published sliding mode controls (SMCs). Furthermore, to handle the unknown nonlinear dynamic problem, the adaptive approximation strategy is implemented by employing fuzzy logic system (FLS). In the light of Lyapunov stability analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed control approach can accomplish the consensus tasks. Finally, a numerical example is implemented to further show the desired results.
Practical prescribed time control for state constrained systems with event‐triggered strategy: Settling time regulator‐based approach
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Jing , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang
Published: October 2022

In this article, the practical prescribed time tracking problem based on event‐triggered control is studied for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to asymmetric state constraints. We design a settling time regulator to get a performance function. Using this function, an event‐triggered adaptive control method is put forward for acquiring specified tracking precision in the prescribed time. Then, the asymmetric state constraints are handled by introducing a novel nonlinear state‐dependent function. In combination with backstepping technique, we construct a coordinate transformation to convert the original state‐constrained space into free space. Besides, a dynamic surface control is proposed to eliminate the demanding feasibility conditions on virtual controllers. The communication between controller and actuator is reduced by adopting the appropriate event‐triggered strategy. Moreover, it is indicated that, without altering the control structure, not only the settling time and tracking precision can be selected by the user but also asymmetric state constraints are satisfied. Simulation examples confirm the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.
Examining Different Regimes of Ionization‐Induced Damage in GaN Through Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Sequeira Miguel C. , Djurabekova Flyura , Nordlund Kai , Mattei Jean‐Gabriel , Monnet Isabelle , Grygiel Clara , Alves Eduardo , Lorenz Katharina
Published: October 2022

The widespread adoption of gGaN in radiation‐hard semiconductor devices relies on a comprehensive understanding of its response to strongly ionizing radiation. Despite being widely acclaimed for its high radiation resistance, the exact effects induced by ionization are still hard to predict due to the complex phase‐transition diagrams and defect creation‐annihilation dynamics associated with group‐III nitrides. Here, the Two‐Temperature Model, Molecular Dynamics simulations and Transmission Electron Microscopy, are employed to study the interaction of Swift Heavy Ions with GaN at the atomic level. The simulations reveal a high propensity of GaN to recrystallize the region melted by the impinging ion leading to high thresholds for permanent track formation. Although the effect exists in all studied electronic energy loss regimes, its efficiency is reduced with increasing electronic energy loss, in particular when there is dissociation of the material and subsequent formation of N2 bubbles. The recrystallization is also hampered near the surface where voids and pits are prominent. The exceptional agreement between the simulated and experimental results establishes the applicability of the model to examine the entire electronic energy loss spectrum. Furthermore, the model supports an empirical relation between the interaction cross sections (namely for melting and amorphization) and the electronic energy loss.
Simultaneous Regulation of Solvation Shell and Oriented Deposition toward a Highly Reversible Fe Anode for All‐Iron Flow Batteries
Authors: Song Yuxi , Yan Hui , Hao Huanhuan , Liu Zihe , Yan Chuanwei , Tang Ao
Published: October 2022

Developing low‐cost all‐iron hybrid redox flow batteries (RFBs) presents a practical alternative to the high‐cost all‐vanadium RFBs and is deemed vital for grid‐scale energy storage applications. However, the intrinsically poor Fe anode reversibility associated with the deposition and dissolution of metallic iron greatly limits the cycling performance and long‐term stability of all‐iron hybrid RFBs. Herein, a highly reversible and dendrite‐free Fe anode is reported for all‐iron RFBs through regulation of polar solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on FeCl2 anolyte, which simultaneously reshapes Fe2+ solvation structure and induces controllable oriented Fe deposition. Combining both experimental and theoretical analyses, the polar DMSO additives prove effective in replacing H2O molecule from the primary solvation shell of Fe2+ cation via the Fe2+‐O (DMSO) bond and meanwhile induces a fine‐grained Fe nucleation on the preferred Fe (110) plane, which are responsible for the minimized hydrogen evolution and dendrite‐free Fe deposition that significantly enhance Fe anode reversibility. The all‐iron RFB based on the proposed FeCl2‐DMSO anolyte demonstrates an excellent combination of peak power density of 134 mW cm−2, high energy efficiency of 75% at 30 mA cm−2, and high capacity retention of 98.6% over 200 cycles, which presents the best performance of all‐iron RFBs among previously reported research.
Facet Control of Nickel Nitride Nano‐Framework for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis via Auxiliary Cooling Assisted Plasma Engineering
Authors: Ouyang Bo , Zhang Yongqi , Wang Xi , Deng Yilin , Liu Feng , Fang Zhi , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Kan Erjun
Published: October 2022

The precise facet modulation of transition metal nitrides (TMNs) has been regarded as an essential issue in boosting electrocatalytic H2 production. Compared to thermal nitridation, the plasma technique serves as a favorable alternative to directly achieve TMNs, but the apparent surface heating effect during plasma treatment inevitably causes the thermally stabilized nitride formation, resulting in the deterioration of the highly reactive facet. To optimize the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) behavior, an auxiliary cooling assisted plasma system to selectively expose Ni3N (2‐10) with favorable activity by controlling surface heating during plasma nitridation is designed. The resultant nickel nitride (cp‐Ni3N) nano‐framework delivers exceptional catalytic performance, evidenced by its low overpotential of 58 and 188 mV at the current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 for HER, in stark comparison with that of normal plasma and thermally fabricated Ni3N. Operando plasma diagnostics along with numerical simulation further confirm the effect of surface heating on typical plasma parameters as well as the Ni3N nanostructure, indicating the key factor responsible for the high‐performance nitride electrocatalyst.
Heterostructured α‐Fe2O3@ZnO@ZIF‐8 Core–Shell Nanowires for a Highly Selective MEMS‐Based ppb‐Level H2S Gas Sensor System
Authors: Zhu Li‐Yuan , Miao Xiao‐Yong , Ou Lang‐Xi , Mao Li‐Wen , Yuan Kaiping , Sun Shuhui , Devi Anjana , Lu Hong‐Liang
Published: October 2022

Highly selective and sensitive H2S sensors are in high demand in various fields closely related to human life. However, metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) suffer from poor selectivity and single MOS@metal organic framework (MOF) core–shell nanocomposites are greatly limited due to the intrinsic low sensitivity of MOF shells. To simultaneously improve both selectivity and sensitivity, heterostructured α‐Fe2O3@ZnO@ZIF‐8 core–shell nanowires (NWs) are meticulously synthesized with the assistance of atomic layer deposition. The ZIF‐8 shell with regular pores and special surface functional groups is attractive for excellent selectivity and the heterostructured α‐Fe2O3@ZnO core with an additional electron depletion layer is promising with enhanced sensitivity compared to a single MOS core. As a result, the heterostructured α‐Fe2O3@ZnO@ZIF‐8 core–shell NWs achieve remarkable H2S sensing performance with a high response (Rair/Rgas = 32.2 to 10 ppm H2S), superior selectivity, fast response/recovery speed (18.0/31.8 s), excellent long‐term stability (at least over 3 months), and relatively low limit of detection (down to 200 ppb) at low operating temperature of 200 °C, far beyond α‐Fe2O3@ZIF‐8 or α‐Fe2O3@ZnO core–shell NWs. Furthermore, a micro‐electromechanical system‐based H2S gas sensor system with low power consumption is developed, holding great application potential in smart cities.
Recent Developments of Microscopic Study for Lanthanide and Manganese Doped Luminescent Materials
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Xuewei , Zhao Shu‐Na , Zhai Yalong , Pang Xinchang , Lin Jun
Published: October 2022

Luminescent materials are indispensable for applications in lighting, displays and photovoltaics, which can transfer, absorb, store and utilize light energy. Their performance is closely related with their size and morphologies, exact atomic arrangement, and local configuration about photofunctional centers. Advanced electron microscopy‐based techniques have enabled the possibility to study nanostructures with atomic resolution. Especially, with the advanced micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, it is able to characterize the luminescent materials at the atomic scale under various environments, providing a deep understanding of the luminescent mechanism. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent achievements of microscopic study to directly image the microstructure and local environment of activators in lanthanide and manganese (Ln/Mn2+)‐doped luminescent materials, including: 1) bulk materials, the typical systems are nitride/oxynitride phosphors; and 2) nanomaterials, such as nanocrystals (hexagonal‐phase NaLnF4 and perovskite) and 2D nanosheets (Ca2Ta3O10 and MoS2). Finally, the challenges and limitations are highlighted, and some possible solutions to facilitate the developments of advanced luminescent materials are provided.
Nickel‐Doped Carbon Dots as an Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for Urea Oxidation
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Ge Kangkang , Li Zijian , Hu Jun , Chen Ping , Bi Hong
Published: October 2022

Urea is a typical contaminant present in wastewater which may cause severe environmental problems. Electrochemical catalytic oxidation of urea has emerged as an efficient approach to solve this problem. Nevertheless, the current nickel‐based catalysts (e.g., nickel hydroxide/sulfides) feature a high metal content. It not only lowers the utilization efficiency of nickel but also causes secondary pollution to the environment. Here, nickel‐doped carbon dots (Ni‐CDs) with an excellent and stable catalytic activity for the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are reported. Specifically, carbon dots (CDs) with abundant functional groups are synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method and then Ni‐CDs with a very low metal content (1.1 at%) are prepared. The Ni2+ sites by coordination with carboxylic groups on the CDs provide excellent electrocatalytic activity and excellent durability for the UOR, as demonstrated by an anodic current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.38 V (vs RHE) and similar experimental results in practical application. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of CDs‐based materials applied for the UOR, which opens an important new area of applicability for CDs as well as broadens the scope of the materials for electrochemical catalysis of urea.
A comprehensive survey of collaborative biostatistics units in academic health centers
Authors: Hanlon Alexandra L. , Lozano Alicia J. , Prakash Swathi , Bezar Emily B. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Brock Guy , Desai Manisha , Pollock Brad H. , Sammel Mary D. , Spratt Heidi , Welty Leah J. , Pomann Gina‐Maria
Published: October 2022

The organizational structures of collaborative biostatistics units in academic health centers (AHCs) in the United States and their important contributions to research are an evolving and active area of discussion and inquiry. Collaborative biostatistics units may serve as a centralized resource to investigators across various disciplines or as shared infrastructure for investigators within a discipline (e.g., cancer), or a combination of both. The characteristics of such units vary greatly, and there has been no comprehensive review of their organizational structures described in the literature to date. This manuscript summarizes the current infrastructure of such units using responses from 129 leaders. Most leaders were over 45 years old, held doctoral degrees, and were on a 12‐month appointment. Over half were tenured or on a tenure track and held primary appointments in a school of medicine. Career advancement metrics most important included being funded as co‐investigator on NIH grants and being either first or second author on peer‐reviewed publications. Team composition was diverse in terms of expertise and training, and funding sources were typically hybrid. These results provide a benchmark for collaboration models and evaluation and may be used by institutional administrators as they build, evaluate, or restructure current collaborative quantitative support infrastructure.
Multi‐split conformal prediction via Cauchy aggregation
Authors: Wu Xiaoyang , Huo Yuyang , Zou Changliang
Published: October 2022

Conformal inference is a popular tool for constructing prediction intervals (PIs). Due to the consideration of computational burden, one of the most commonly used conformal methods is split conformal, which generally suffers from introducing extra randomness and reducing the effectiveness of training models. A natural remedy is to use multiple splits; however, it is still challenging to obtain valid PIs because of the dependence across the splits. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient multi‐split conformal prediction method via adapting Cauchy aggregation, which is a powerful tool for combining
‐values with arbitrary correlation structures. Under two different kinds of general conditions, we show that our method is able to yield asymptotically‐exact PIs. Numerical results show that the resulting intervals outperform existing methods in many settings, especially when the stability condition of regression modelling does not satisfy well.
Binary trinuclear metal‐oxo sub‐nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen and chlorine production from seawater
Authors: Wang Yang , Shi Litong , Hu Haijun , Qian Bingzhi , Hou Wei , Li Hui , Liu Xue , Liu Daliang , Wu Shuyao , Huang Hongwei , Song Xi‐Ming , Zhang Yu , Ma Tianyi
Published: October 2022

Owing to the need for regenerant and self‐reduction problem, the hydrogen performance of sub‐nano‐sized trinuclear iron‐oxo complexes is still far from satisfied with affordability and practicality. Herein, two binary photocatalytic systems based on trinuclear metal‐oxo complexes have been first constructed and experimentally confirmed to be competent for seawater hydrogen evolution (715.4 and 271.9 μmol of hydrogen can be found, respectively, after 48 h). Notably, chloride ions act as the hole catcher and move into the gas phase in the stable form of chlorine. Similar to heterogeneous structures, homogeneous systems not only enhance the hydrogen performance while ensuring the stability of metal‐oxo complexes, but also shorten the consumption of photogenerated carriers by dissolved impurities in the seawater. This new attempt of building pluralistic sub‐nanometric systems may offer novel design strategies with noble‐metal‐free catalysts and low‐cost candidates for traditional semiconductor materials in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency and performing chlorine evolution from seawater splitting.
One Health responses to prevent the occurrence of rabies due to attacks by a rabid stray dog
Authors: Wei Yuehong , Li Dapeng , Yang Zhicong , Chen Kuncai , Pan Xinhong , Xu Jianmin , Chen Shouyi
Published: October 2022

Background

The number of human rabies cases caused by pet dogs in Guangzhou has been decreasing after years of comprehensive interventions. Consequently, attacks by stray dogs become a major issue in rabies control.

Objectives

To share our experience of successfully dealing with rabies to provide some inspiration for prevention and control in countries and regions affected by it.

Methods

A multidisciplinary One Health response was initiated to control this outbreak. Rabies virus was detected by PCR in the brain tissue of the associated stray dog. The sequences were aligned with reference sequences downloaded from GenBank using ClustalX. The maximum likelihood method implemented in MEGA 5.0 software package was used in a phylogenetic analysis of the aligned sequences.

Results

Twelve patients with exposure to the stray dog were identified in the field investigation. Rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin were administered to all patients within 48 h. After 1 year of follow‐up, no exposed patients showed symptoms. Maximum likelihood analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the PCR products indicated that the rabies virus in the dog was closely related to isolates from neighbouring provinces of Guangdong as well as those from surrounding countries of China.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary One Health intervention is effective not only in the control of rabies but also in rapid emergency responses to attacks by rabid stray dogs.
Bayes Factor for Evaluative Purposes
Authors: Bozza Silvia , Taroni Franco , Biedermann Alex
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents and discusses the use of the Bayes factor for the evaluation of scientific evidence in the form of discrete, continuous and continuous multivariate data. The latter may present a complex dependence structure that will be handled by means of multilevel models. The notion of “evaluative purpose” is understood here as referring to situations in which material of known source (control material) and evidential material of unknown source (recovered or questioned material) is collected and analyzed. The purpose is to evaluate the effect of the output of the examinations, in the form of scores or measurements of features, on the odds in favor of a proposition put forward by the prosecution, compared to an alternative proposition advanced by the defence. A discussion is included of the sensitivity of the described Bayes factor procedures to changes in the features of recovered and control materials, the available background information, as well as to choices made during probabilistic modelling and prior elicitation.
Einleitung: Wie aus Daten Wert entsteht – Datenwirtschaft und Datentechnologie
Authors: Rohde Marieke , Bürger Matthias , Peneva Kristina , Mock Johannes
Published: October 2022

Derzeit wachsen im Zuge der Digitalisierung und durch das Aufkommen neuer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien die Datenbestände weltweit exponentiell an. Diese Daten erlangen eine immer wichtigere Rolle als Wirtschaftsgut. Als Grundlage neuer Dienstleistungen und Produkte stellen sie die zentrale Ressource der Datenwirtschaft dar. Jedoch wird das in ihnen liegende Wertschöpfungspotenzial momentan nicht vollständig gehoben. Grund hierfür sind Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung und Vermarktung. Sie stellen ein Hemmnis für Unternehmen dar, um datenbasierte Wertschöpfungsmodelle umzusetzen und somit aktiv an der Datenwirtschaft teilzunehmen. Der vorliegende Sammelband greift solche Herausforderungen entlang der vier Felder Ökonomie, Recht, Informationssicherheit sowie Akzeptanz auf, analysiert sie und bietet praxiserprobte Lösungsansätze an. Dabei wird der Fokus auf besonders grundlegende Aspekte der Datenwirtschaft wie die Datenhaltung, das Datenteilen und die Datenverarbeitung gerichtet. Er adressiert Leserinnen und Leser aus Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft und soll dabei helfen Datenwertschöpfungsprojekte in Unternehmen und Forschung erfolgreich umzusetzen.
Einleitung: Kontrolle über Daten
Authors: Liebchen Tilman
Published: October 2022

Die Frage nach der Kontrolle über Daten spiegelt sich in populären, aber wenig konkreten Begriffen wie „Datenhoheit“ oder „Datensouveränität“ wieder. In dieser Einleitung zum dritten Teil des Buches werden kurz die Themenfelder und Zielstellungen der folgenden drei Beiträge eingeführt, die sich u. a. mit der Datenhoheit aus Perspektive der Nutzenden, einer Einführung in Verfahren zur Anonymisierung und Pseudonymisierung sowie dem Konzept der sogenannten Datennutzungskontrolle befassen. Damit werden rechtliche, organisatorische und technische Bausteine für die Umsetzung von Datensouveränität beschrieben, die Datenschutz, Informationssicherheit und Vertraulichkeit in datenzentrierten Wertschöpfungsnetzen ermöglichen.
Einleitung: Daten als Wirtschaftsgut
Authors: Bürger Matthias , Peneva Kristina
Published: October 2022

Der technologische Fortschritt im Bereich digitaler Technologien und die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit unterschiedlichster (produktionsrelevanter) Daten bieten Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, sich mit neuen Geschäftsmodellen vom Wettbewerb zu differenzieren und neue Wertschöpfungspotenziale zu heben. Dabei sehen sich Unternehmen aber auch vor nicht zu unterschätzenden Herausforderungen. In dieser Einleitung werden die relevanten Themenstellungen aufgegriffen und auf die entsprechenden Beiträge in diesem Buch verwiesen. Zu den angesprochenen Themen gehört unter anderem die Überführung produktzentrierter in nutzungsbezogene Geschäftsmodelle. Hinzu kommt das Verständnis der Besonderheiten sowie die daran ausgerichtete annahmebasierte Entwicklung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle. Darüber hinaus wird die Preisbestimmung für Daten beziehungsweise datenbasierte Produkte und Dienstleistungen betrachtet. Abschließend richtet sich der Fokus auf die Bewertung von Datenbeständen und wie diese in die Bilanz und Bewertung eines Unternehmens einbezogen werden können.
Metal functionally graded gyroids: additive manufacturing, mechanical properties, and simulation
Authors: Caiazzo Fabrizia , Alfieri Vittorio , Guillen Diego Gonzalo , Fabbricatore Annalaura
Published: October 2022

Functionally graded materials raise considerable interest in the biomedical research. In particular, gyroid structures are suitable for bone tissue engineering applications, allowing to emulate the porosity of the inner part of the bone. In this frame, the mechanical properties of 17–4 PH steel gyroids made by additive manufacturing have been investigated. Three design methods have been implemented, i.e., thickness graded, size graded, and uniform, to address the lack of knowledge in the area of stainless-steel scaffolds aiming at providing a map of the mechanical properties. Compressive mechanical properties absorbed energy and absorption efficiency have been found for the aforementioned design methods. Furthermore, defects and collapse behavior have been analyzed: imperfections have been detected in the thin-walled areas of the graded samples. Nevertheless, under given conditions, the graded samples have mechanical properties comparable to those of uniform ones, exhibiting a controlled layer-by-layer collapse mechanism and consequent weight reduction. The Gibson-Ashby models have been implemented, and the calibration coefficients have been compared with other research works. A FEM-based numerical model has been proposed to reproduce the mechanical properties of the mentioned structures finding critical issues in the representation of defects. In this frame, the resulting Gibson Ashby calibration coefficients are in good agreement with the literature and reveal the graded samples have a bending-dominating behavior sustaining larger strains than the uniform case, giving the ground for high energy absorption applications. Furthermore, the FEM analyses are in good agreement with the literature providing a reliable tool to further investigate the metal functionally graded gyroid field.
Additive manufacturing for capacitive liquid level sensors
Authors: Stano Gianni , Di Nisio Attilio , Lanzolla Anna Maria , Ragolia Mattia Alessandro , Percoco Gianluca
Published: October 2022

A new manufacturing wave concerning the Additive Manufacturing of sensors is spreading: several benefits, such as cost, time, and manual task reduction, can be achieved. The aim of the present research is the one-shot Additive Manufacturing of a low-cost capacitive sensor for liquid level sensing. The Material extrusion (MeX) technology was used to fabricate the proposed sensors (composed of a flexible substrate, two conductive electrodes, and a top flexible coverage), and a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) approach in conjunction with the 3D printing force analysis was performed. Very thin conductive tracks (0.5 mm) were manufactured to obtain a sensor having a final capacitance value of 125 pF, readable by common laboratory instrumentation. The sensor has been tested for the liquid level sensing using two different liquids, i.e., sunflower oil and distilled water, exhibiting very good sensitivity of 0.078 $$\frac{pF}{mm}$$

pF

mm

and 0.79 $$\frac{pF}{mm}$$

pF

mm

, respectively, with high repeatability, thus obtaining sensing performances comparable with that of more expensive sensors found in literature. Moreover, the proposed sensor showed high linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997), which resulted in a maximum propagated level error of 1.4 mm. The present research proves that the inexpensive MeX technology can be successfully employed for the fabrication of high-performance capacitive sensors: the sensor manufacturing cost (related to raw materials) is 0.38 €, and no manual assembly tasks were performed. This study lays the foundation for the one-shot fabrication of smart structures with capacitive sensors on board, saving manufacturing time and cost.
Timing is Everything: Surgical Outcomes for SARS‐CoV‐2 Positive Patients
Authors: Codner Jesse A. , Archer Ryan H. , Lynde Grant C. , Sharma Jyotirmay
Published: October 2022

Background

A debate remains on how long to postpone surgery after testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We aimed to determine surgical outcomes at different time points after a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test.

Methods

This cohort study included non‐preoperative critically ill adult surgical patients from 5/2020–5/2021 and a subset of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients 15–30 days before surgery from 5/2020–12/2021. Demographics, comorbidities, surgical variables, and outcomes were compared between SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients within 50 days before surgery to SARS‐CoV‐2 negative surgical patients. Cases were stratified based on the timing of SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity before surgery in days (< 15, 15–30, > 30). Outcomes were compared between strata and against SARS‐CoV‐2 negative controls. A multivariable model was built to determine the association that the timing of SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity has on the odds of a major complication.

Results

The SARS‐CoV‐2 positive cohort had 262 patients compared to 1,840 SARS‐CoV‐2 negative patients. Timing strata contained 145 (< 15 days), 53 (15–30 days), and 64 (> 30 days). The SARS‐CoV‐2 positive group had a higher incidence of comorbidities (87.4% vs. 57.2%) and underwent more emergent surgery (45.7% vs. 9.3%). The odds of major complications in patients positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 before surgery were 1.88 (1.13–3.15) (< 15 days), 0.43 (0.14–1.30) (15–30 days), and 0.98 (0.44–2.21) (31–50 days) times the odds in SARS‐CoV‐2 negative surgery patients when controlling for other variables.

Conclusion

Timing of SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity before surgery has an impact on major complications. In certain cases, it may be appropriate to postpone surgery 14 days after SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity.
An epidemic model with short-lived mixing groups
Authors: Ball Frank , Neal Peter
Published: October 2022

Almost all epidemic models make the assumption that infection is driven by the interaction between pairs of individuals, one of whom is infectious and the other of whom is susceptible. However, in society individuals mix in groups of varying sizes, at varying times, allowing one or more infectives to be in close contact with one or more susceptible individuals at a given point in time. In this paper we study the effect of mixing groups beyond pairs on the transmission of an infectious disease in an SIR (susceptible $$\rightarrow $$
→
infective $$\rightarrow $$
→
recovered) model, both through a branching process approximation for the initial stages of an epidemic with few initial infectives and a functional central limit theorem for the trajectories of the numbers of infectives and susceptibles over time for epidemics with many initial infectives. We also derive central limit theorems for the final size of (i) an epidemic with many initial infectives and (ii) a major outbreak triggered by few initial infectives. We show that, for a given basic reproduction number $$R_0$$

R
0

, the distribution of the size of mixing groups has a significant impact on the probability and final size of a major epidemic outbreak. Moreover, the standard pair-based homogeneously mixing epidemic model is shown to represent the worst case scenario, with both the highest probability and the largest final size of a major epidemic.
Prenatal ultrasound in fetuses with polycystic kidney appearance — expanding the diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Simonini Corinna , Fröschen Eva-Maria , Nadal Jennifer , Strizek Brigitte , Berg Christoph , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Report on the diagnosis of prenatally detected fetal kidneys with bilateral polycystic appearance in a single center between 1999 and 2020 with special focus on renal morphology and biometry, amniotic fluid and extrarenal findings and proposal for an diagnostic algorithm.

Methods

Retrospective observational study including pregnancies with prenatally detected kidneys with bilateral polycystic appearance (n = 98). Cases and outcomes were compared according to prenatal findings with special focus on renal morphology, amount of amniotic fluid, and presence of extrarenal abnormalities.

Results

Most frequent diagnoses were autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD, 53.1%), Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS, 17.3%) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD, 8.2%). Other diagnoses included: Joubert-, Jeune-, McKusick–Kaufman- and Bardet–Biedl syndrome, overgrowth syndromes, Mainzer–Saldino syndrome and renal tubular dysgenesis.

Renal abnormalities most frequently observed were hyperechogenic parenchyma, kidney enlargement, changes of corticomedullary differentiation and cystic changes of various degree. Oligo- and anhydramnios were mainly seen in ARPKD, RTD and second-trimester MKS. Extrarenal findings included skeletal (35.7%) and cardiac (34.7%) abnormalities as well as abnormalities of the central nervous system (27.6%).

Conclusion

Gestational age at manifestation, kidney size, visibility of cysts, echogenicity, amniotic fluid volume, and the presence of associated extrarenal malformations allow to differentiate between the most frequent underlying diseases presenting with bilateral polycystic kidneys on prenatal ultrasound by following a diagnostic algorithm.
Random generation and scaling limits of fixed genus factorizations into transpositions
Authors: Féray Valentin , Louf Baptiste , Thévenin Paul
Published: October 2022

We study the asymptotic behaviour of random factorizations of the n-cycle into transpositions of fixed genus $$g>0$$

g
>
0

. They have a geometric interpretation as branched covers of the sphere and their enumeration as Hurwitz numbers was extensively studied in algebraic combinatorics and enumerative geometry. On the probabilistic side, several models and properties of permutation factorizations were studied in previous works, in particular minimal factorizations of cycles into transpositions (which corresponds to the case $$g=0$$

g
=
0

of this work). Using the representation of factorizations via unicellular maps, we first exhibit an algorithm which samples an asymptotically uniform factorization of genus g in linear time. In a second time, we code a factorization as a process of chords appearing one by one in the unit disk, and we prove the convergence (as $$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

) of the process associated with a uniform genus g factorization of the n-cycle. The limit process can be explicitly constructed from a Brownian excursion. Finally, we establish the convergence of a natural genus process, coding the appearance of the successive genera in the factorization.
The impact of prior endoscopic or surgical therapy on open Zenker’s diverticulum surgery: analysis on a large single center cohort
Authors: Dimpel Rebekka , Jell Alissa , Reim Daniel , Berlet Maximilian , Kranzfelder Michael , Vogel Thomas , Friess Helmut , Feussner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: October 2022

Background

Endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum is an attractive minimally invasive alternative compared to the classic open approach. However, increased recurrence rate were reported. In case of relapse, endoscopic therapy might be repeated, or alternatively open surgery is performed. This study aimed to identify potential differences in the outcomes between primary or secondary surgical treatment in Zenker’s diverticulum.

Methods

From January 2003 to April 2019, 227 subsequent patients underwent surgical diverticulectomy and cervical myotomy at the surgical department of TUM. 41 of 227 patients had received previous therapy, either open or endoscopic. Perioperative parameters in priorly untreated patients were retrospectively compared to those after previous therapy (mostly endoscopic) with special regard to perioperative data and postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for postoperative complications.

Results

We could show that the number of complications (p = 0.047) in pretreated patients is significant higher as well as the severity after Clavien–Dindo (p = 0.025). Stapler line leakage, wound infections, and operative revision rate was higher also pretreated group. Pretreatment and surgery time showed a significant association with postoperative complications in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, pretreatment remained a significant independent predictor of complications.

Conclusion

The present data indicate that endoscopic therapy might represent a risk factor for postoperative complications in case of relapse surgery. Therefore primary open surgery should be debated in patients with an increased high risk of relapse.

Graphical abstract
A narrative review on the non-surgical treatment of chronic postoperative inguinal pain: a challenge for both surgeon and anaesthesiologist
Authors: van Veenendaal N. , Foss N. B. , Miserez M. , Pawlak M. , Zwaans W. A. R. , Aasvang E. K.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Chronic pain is one of the most frequent clinical problems after inguinal hernia surgery. Despite more than two decades of research and numerous publications, no evidence exists to allow for chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) specific treatment algorithms.

Methods

This narrative review presents the current knowledge of the non-surgical management of CPIP and makes suggestions for daily practice.

Results

There is a paucity for high-level evidence of non-surgical options for CPIP. Different treatment options and algorithms have been published for chronic pain patients in the last decades.

Discussion and conclusion

It is suggested that non-surgical treatment is introduced in the management of all CPIP patients. The overall approach to interventions should be pragmatic, tiered and multi-interventional, starting with least invasive and only moving to more invasive procedures upon lack of effect. Evaluation should be multidisciplinary and should take place in specialized centres. We strongly suggest to follow general guidelines for treatment of persistent pain and to build a database allowing for establishing CPIP specific evidence for optimal analgesic treatments.