bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumour: A scoping review
Authors: Lundh Mette Gothardt , Nordentoft Sara , Smedegaard Pernille Sejr , Aadal Lena , Loft Mia Ingerslev , Poulsen Ingrid , Guldager Rikke
Published: July 2024

Aim

To identify and map the evidence on interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) or a malignant brain tumour (MBT).

Background

An ABI or a MBT are severe diseases that have profound impact on the lives of patients and their relatives. The well‐being of the patient may be deteriorated, and relatives may experience a new role and changing caregiving tasks. Involvement of relatives seems essential, and there is a need for identifying interventions facilitating the involvement.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used in this review and the review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

Data Sources

The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Reference lists of included studies, Google Scholar and Web of Science were also searched.

Results

In total, 46 studies were included of which 36 (78%) involved patients with stroke. Median duration of study interventions were 8 weeks, and nurses were involved as providers of the intervention in 23 (50%) studies. Thirty (65%) studies used a multicomponent intervention. Thirty‐five unique outcomes were identified using 60 unique outcome measurements.

Conclusion

Interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives differed importantly in key characteristics of study interventions, and in relation to the context in which they were used. There was no consensus regarding choice of outcomes and outcome measurements. Our results highlight the complexity of interventions in this field.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

To our knowledge this is the first scoping review examining interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury or a malignant brain tumour. This review suggests a clear definition of ‘involvement’ in future research and there is a need of development of a core outcome set for use in interventions facilitating the involvement.

Reporting Method

The scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The authors decided to undertake this scoping review without patient and public contribution. However, the protocol was published prior to review conduct and available to the public but we did not receive any comments on it.
Hydrogen sulphide reduces renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury by enhancing autophagy and reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Shuaiwei , An Shuangshuang , Gao Biao , Wu Dongdong , Li Yanzhang
Published: July 2024

Aim

Renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) exerts a protective effect in renal IRI. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenous H2S on renal IRI by regulating autophagy in mice.

Methods

Mice were randomly assigned to control, IRI and NaHS (an H2S donor, 28, 56 and 100 μmol/kg) groups. Renal IRI was induced by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles with non‐traumatic arterial clamp for 45 min and then reperfused for 24 h. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with NaHS 20 min prior to renal ischemia. Sham group mice underwent the same procedures without clamping. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested 24 h after reperfusion for functional, histological, oxidative stress, and autophagic determination.

Results

Compared with the control group, the concentrations of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA), the protein levels of LC3II/I, Beclin‐1 and P62, as well as the number of autophagosomes were significantly increased, but the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased after renal IRI. NaHS pre‐treatment dramatically attenuated renal IRI‐induced renal dysfunction, histological changes, MDA concentration and p62 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. However, NaHS increased the SOD activity and the protein levels of LC3II/I and Beclin‐1.

Conclusion

These results indicate that exogenous H2S protects the kidney from IRI through enhancement of autophagy and reduction of oxidative stress. Novel H2S donors could be developed in the treatment of renal IRI.

image
Polysaccharide extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala improves the spleen deficiency constipation in mice by regulating the gut microbiota to affect the 5‐HT synthesis
Authors: Chen Lei , Chang Xiangbing , Wu Chuntao , Luo Guofu , Zhang Peifeng , Tian Wei
Published: July 2024

Background

The traditional herbal medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala) is commonly utilized for alleviating symptoms associated with spleen deficiency, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and constipation. These pharmacological effects are attributed to a variety of active constituents. However, the specific bioactive compounds responsible for promoting defecation and gastrointestinal transit in A. macrocephala remain unidentified.

Methods

The primary polysaccharide characteristics of PAMK was elucidated by HPLC, FT‐IR, and HGPGC. Efficacy of PAMK (0.07, 0.14, and 0.28 mg/g) on mice was evaluated in a spleen deficiency constipation mouse model by analyzing stool parameters, constipation‐related physiological indexes, and SCFAs. The expression levels of 5‐HT3R, 5‐HT4R, and related receptor genes were examined by RT‐qPCR, and neurotransmitters were examined using ELISA. Finally, the diversity of gut microbiota was analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing.

Key Results

The results showed that PAMK significantly reduced the gastrointestinal transport time and increased the number of fecal pellets and fecal water content in spleen deficiency constipation model mice. PAMK kept the balance of 5‐HT, SCFAs, TPH‐1, SERT, CgA, and neurotransmitter levels (VIP, SP, MTL) in mice colon. In addition, PAMK could regulate the abundance of gut microbiota such as Alistopes, Bacteroides, and Odoribacter in spleen deficiency constipation model mice gut.

Conclusions and Inferences

It can be concluded that PAMK effectively ameliorated the symptoms of spleen deficiency constipation in mice by modulating the expression of 5‐HT and its associated receptors. The underlying mechanism was elucidated, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the therapeutic application of A. macrocephala in treating spleen deficiency constipation and offering potential for developing novel approaches to address this condition.
Frege cases and rationalizing explanations
Authors: Almotahari Mahrad , Gray Aidan
Published: July 2024

Russellians, Relationists, and Fregeans disagree about the nature of propositional‐attitude content. We articulate a framework to characterize and evaluate this disagreement. The framework involves two claims: i) that we should individuate attitude content in whatever way fits best with the explanations that characteristically appeal to it, and ii) that we can understand those explanations by analogy with other ‘higher‐level’ explanations. Using the framework, we argue for an under‐appreciated form of Russellianism. Along the way we demonstrate that being more explicit about the framework in which debates about attitude content take place allows us to more precisely characterize the space of possible positions and the dialectic between them.
Sex disparities in cardiac sarcoidosis patients undergoing implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Jamil Yumna , Ramphul Kamleshun , Mactaggart Sebastian , Bilal Maham , Singh Dulay Mansimran , Shi Rui , Azzu Alessia , Okafor Joseph , Memon Rahat A , Sakthivel Hemamalini , Khattar Rajdeep , Wells Athol Umfrey , Baksi John Arun , Wechalekar Kshama , Kouranos Vasilis , Chahal Anwar , Sharma Rakesh
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are important for preventing sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to investigate sex disparities in CS patients undergoing ICD implantation.

Methods

The 2016–2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database compared the characteristics and outcomes of males and females with CS receiving ICDs.

Results

Among 760 CS patients who underwent inpatient ICD implantation, 66.4% were male. Males were younger (55.0 vs. 56.9 years, p < .01), had higher rates of diabetes (31.7% vs. 21.6%, p < .01) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (16.8% vs. 7.8%, p < .01) but lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) (11.9% vs. 23.5%, p < .01), sick sinus syndrome (4.0% vs. 7.8%, p = .024), ventricular fibrillation (VF) (9.9% vs. 15.7%, p = .02), and black ancestry (31.9% vs. 58.0%, p < .01). Unadjusted major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of in‐hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke, was higher in females (11.8% vs. 6.9%, p = .024), but when adjusted for age and tCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), females demonstrated significantly lower odds of experiencing MACE (aOR: 0.048, 95% CI: 0.006–0.395, p = .005). Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post‐ICD was significantly lower in females (15.7% vs. 23.8%, p = .01) as was the adjusted odds (aOR: 0.282, 95% CI: 0.146–0.546, p < .01). There was comparable mean length of stay and hospital charges.

Conclusion

ICD utilization in CS patients is more common among males, who have a higher prevalence of diabetes and CKD but a lower prevalence of AF, sick sinus syndrome, and VF. Adjusted MACE and AKI were significantly lower in females.
Exercise leads to better sleep in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Trivić Mažuranić Ivana , Sila Sara , Mišak Zrinjka , Kolaček Sanja , Hojsak Iva
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an exercise program on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission.

Methods

A total of 42 pediatric IBD patients in remission were recruited to participate in a 6‐month‐long home‐based exercise program. Their mean age was 15.3 years (with a range of ± 2.08 years) and there were 25 boys. With regard to disease type, 22 had Crohn's disease (CD), 18 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and two had unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD‐U). Prior to starting the program, and after its completion, HRQoL was assessed using the IMPACT III questionnaire, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Patients also wore a triaxial accelerometer for 5 consecutive days before and after the completion of the exercise program to assess physical activity (PA) objectively.

Results

Study participants experienced no significant increase in their IMPACT III score (from 147.6 ± 2.7 to 149.6 ± 2.7, p = 0.106) following the completion of the exercise program. The prevalence of impaired sleep quality (PSQI > 5) decreased significantly from 30.9 to 23.8% (p = 0.027). At the baseline, participants' time spent in light PA (LPA) correlated positively with their IMPACT III score (coefficient (coef.) 0.398, p = 0.013). Following the completion of the resistance training program, the changes in the IMPACT III score correlated positively with time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) (coef. 0.329, p = 0.047) and negatively with changes in PSQI score (coef. −0.493, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The number of children with impaired sleep quality decreased significantly following the completion of a 6‐month‐long home‐based resistance training program but improvements in HRQoL scores did not reach statistical significance.
Efficacy of verdinexor for the treatment of naïve canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: An open‐label pilot study
Authors: Vlodaver Elana M. , Keating M. Kelly , Bidot Willie A. , Bruyette David S. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Verdinexor (Laverdia‐CA1; Dechra Veterinary Products), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, has been utilised for treatment of non‐Hodgkin T‐cell lymphoma in dogs. However, the efficacy of verdinexor has not been evaluated for cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma (CETL).

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of verdinexor for the treatment of CETL.

Animals

Eight client‐owned animals with CETL.

Materials and Methods

Patients received between 1.28 and 1.45 mg/kg verdinexor per os twice weekly with a minimum of 72 h between doses until disease progression or voluntary withdrawal. Adjunctive therapy with lokivetmab or prednisone was permitted after Day (D)14. Assessment of clinical lesions (canine Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [cRECIST v1.0] and novel Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma Extent and Severity Index [CELESI]), pruritus (Visual Analog Scale) and treatment efficacy (owner global assessment of treatment efficacy [OGATE]) were evaluated every 14 days for 3 months, then monthly thereafter (mean 70 ± 43.4 days).

Results

Seventy‐five percent of patients achieved complete response, partial response or stable disease. The mean time to disease progression was 56 ± 41 days. There was a significant reduction (p = 0.026) in total CELESI score when the lowest score for each dog was compared to their score at D0. Verdinexor did not significantly reduce pruritus at any time point (p = 0.45), including when given as a monotherapy or concurrently with lokivetmab ± glucocorticoids. On D28, 75% of owners rated response to treatment as ‘fair’ to ‘excellent’. The most common adverse effects included weight loss, inappetence, vomiting and lethargy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Verdinexor could be considered a safe, palliative treatment for canine CETL.
The Method but Not the Protocol Affects Lactate-Threshold Determination in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Arsoniadis Gavriil G. , Nikitakis Ioannis S. , Peyrebrune Michael , Botonis Petros G. , Toubekis Argyris G.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The study validated variables corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) in swimming. Speed (sLT), blood lactate concentration (BLLT), oxygen uptake (VO2LT), and heart rate (HRLT) corresponding to LT were calculated by 2 different incremental protocols and validated in comparison with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Methods: Ten competitive swimmers performed a 7 × 200-m front-crawl incremental “step test” with 2 protocols: (1) with 30-second rests between repetitions (short-rest incremental protocols) and (2) on a 5-minute cycle (swim + rest time, long-rest incremental protocols). Five methods were used for the assessment of sLT and corresponding BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT: intersection of 2 lines, Dmax, modified Dmax, visual inspection, and intersection of combined linear and exponential regression lines. Subsequently, swimmers performed two to three 30-minute continuous efforts to identify speed (sMLSS) and physiological parameters corresponding to MLSS. Results: Both protocols resulted in similar sLT and corresponding physiological variables (P > .05). Bland–Altman plots showed agreement between protocols (sLT, bias: −0.017 [0.002] m·s−1; BLLT, bias: 0.0 [0.5] mmol·L−1; VO2LT, bias: −0.1 [2.2] mL·kg−1·min−1; HRLT. bias: −2 [8] beats·min−1). However, sLT calculated by modified Dmax using short rest was higher compared with speed at MLSS (1.346 [0.076] vs 1.300 [0.101] m·s−1; P < .05). Conclusions: Calculated sLT, BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT using all other methods in short-rest and long-rest incremental protocols were no different compared with MLSS (P > .05). Both 7 × 200-m protocols are valid for determination of sLT and corresponding physiological parameters, but the modified Dmax method may overestimate sLT.
Enhancing naloxone
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: July 2024

A negative allosteric modulator of the μ-opioid receptor enhances the efficacy of naloxone.
The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis
Authors: Antony Ferrin , Kinha Divya , Nowińska Anna , Rouse Barry T. , Suryawanshi Amol
Published: July 2024

Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful neurotropic pathogen that primarily infects the epithelial cells lining the orofacial mucosa. After primary lytic replication in the oral, ocular, and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, HSV-1 establishes life-long latency in neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Patients with compromised immune systems experience frequent reactivation of HSV-1 from latency, leading to virus entry in the sensory neurons, followed by anterograde transport and lytic replication at the innervated mucosal epithelial surface. Although recurrent infection of the corneal mucosal surface is rare, it can result in a chronic immuno-inflammatory condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK leads to gradual vision loss and can cause permanent blindness in severe untreated cases. Currently, there is no cure or successful vaccine to prevent latent or recurrent HSV-1 infections, posing a significant clinical challenge to managing HSK and preventing vision loss. The conventional clinical management of HSK primarily relies on anti-virals to suppress HSV-1 replication, anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) to provide symptomatic relief from pain and inflammation, and surgical interventions in more severe cases to replace damaged cornea. However, each clinical treatment strategy has limitations, such as local and systemic drug toxicities and the emergence of anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains. In this review, we summarize the factors and immune cells involved in HSK pathogenesis and highlight alternate therapeutic strategies for successful clinical management of HSK. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunometabolism modulators as promising HSK therapies against emerging anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains.
A Brg1-Rme1 circuit in
Candida albicans
hyphal gene regulation
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Cravener Max , Solis Norma , Filler Scott G. , Mitchell Aaron P.
Published: July 2024

Major
Candida albicans
virulence traits include its ability to make hyphae, to produce a biofilm, and to damage host cells. These traits depend upon expression of hypha-associated genes. A gene expression comparison among clinical isolates suggested that transcription factor Rme1
,
established by previous studies to be a positive regulator of chlamydospore formation, may also be a negative regulator of hypha-associated genes. Engineered
RME1
overexpression supported this hypothesis, but no relevant
rme1
Δ/Δ mutant phenotype was detected. We reasoned that Rme1 may function within a specific regulatory pathway. This idea was supported by our finding that an
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation relieves the need for biofilm regulator Brg1 in biofilm formation. The impact of the
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation is most prominent under static or “biofilm-like” growth conditions. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells grown under biofilm-like conditions indicates that Brg1 activates hypha-associated genes indirectly via repression of
RME1
: hypha-associated gene expression levels are substantially reduced in a
brg1
Δ/Δ mutant and partially restored in a
brg1
Δ/Δ
rme1
Δ/Δ double mutant. An
rme1
Δ/Δ mutation does not simply bypass Brg1, because iron homeostasis genes depend upon Brg1 regardless of Rme1. Rme1 thus connects Brg1 to the targets relevant to hypha and biofilm formation under biofilm growth conditions.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a major fungal pathogen of humans, and its ability to grow as a surface-associated biofilm on implanted devices is a common cause of infection. Here, we describe a new regulator of biofilm formation,
RME1
, whose activity is most prominent under biofilm-like growth conditions.
Complete genome sequence of a
Pasteurella multocida
isolate from a pig in Australia
Authors: Chau David , Blackall Patrick J. , Turni Conny , Omaleki Lida
Published: July 2024

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a
Pasteurella multocida
isolate (PM1463) obtained from a diseased pig as a part of routine diagnostic investigations by the field veterinarian in Queensland, Australia. The assembly consists of a 2,321,605-bp chromosome and a 4,769-bp plasmid. The assembly has an average GC content of 40.33%.
Comparison of mutations in human parainfluenza viruses during passage in primary human bronchial/tracheal epithelial air-liquid interface cultures and cell lines
Authors: Sugimoto Satoko , Kawase Miyuki , Suwa Reiko , Kume Yohei , Chishiki Mina , Ono Takashi , Okabe Hisao , Norito Sakurako , Hanaki Ken-Ichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Koichi , Shirato Kazuya
Published: July 2024

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) causes respiratory infections, which are exacerbated in children and older people. Correct evaluation of viral characteristics is essential for the study of countermeasures. However, adaptation of viruses to cultured cells during isolation or propagation might select laboratory passage-associated mutations that modify the characteristics of the virus. It was previously reported that adaptation of HPIV3, but not other HPIVs, was avoided in human airway epithelia. To examine the influence of laboratory passage on the genomes of HPIV1–HPIV4, we evaluated the occurrence of mutations after passage in primary human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cell air-liquid interface (HBTEC-ALI) culture and conventional cultured cells (Vero cells expressing the transmembrane protease, serine 2, and normal Vero cells). The occurrence of mutations was significantly lower in HBTEC-ALI than in conventional culture. In HBTEC-ALI culture, most of the mutations were silent or remained at low variant frequency, resulting in less impact on the viral consensus sequence. In contrast, passage in conventional culture induced or selected genetic mutations at high frequency with passage-associated unique substitutions. High mutagenesis of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase was commonly observed in all four HPIVs, and mutations even occurred in a single passage. In addition, in HPIV1 and HPIV2, mutations in the large protein were more frequent. These results indicate that passage in HBTEC-ALI culture is more suitable than conventional culture for maintaining the original characteristics of clinical isolates in all four HPIVs, which can help with the understanding of viral pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Adaptation of viruses to cultured cells can increase the risk of misinterpretation in virological characterization of clinical isolates. In human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) 3, it has been reported that the human airway epithelial and lung organoid models are preferable for the study of viral characteristics of clinical strains without mutations. Therefore, we analyzed clinical isolates of all four HPIVs for the occurrence of mutations after five laboratory passages in human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cell air-liquid interface (HBTEC-ALI) or conventional culture. We found a high risk of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase mutagenesis in all four HPIVs in conventional cultured cells. In addition, in HPIV1 and HPIV2, mutations of the large protein were also more frequent in conventional cultured cells than in HBTEC-ALI culture. HBTEC-ALI culture was useful for maintaining the original sequence and characteristics of clinical isolates in all four HPIVs. The present study contributes to the understanding of HPIV pathogenesis and antiviral strategies.
Supplemental Material: Enclaves as mushy magma strain archives: New perspectives on composite magmatic fabrics in plutons
Authors: Latimer Ben , et al.
Published: July 2024

Text file describing material with four figures. Table S1: Enclave orientations and host monzodiorite petrofabric measurements. Table S2: Data from magnetic characterization experiments. Table S3: Anisotropy of magnet susceptibility data for all enclave sites and anisotropy of magnetic remanence data for enclave sites FE004 and FE008. Table S4: Deviatoric susceptibility data. Table S5: Crystallographic preferred orientation data for subsamples FE004_K1 and FE008_K1.
Aspirin: latest evidence and developments
Authors: Nelson Mark R , Black J Andrew
Published: July 2024

Aspirin is a foundation drug of the pharmaceutical industry originally derived as an analgesic/anti-inflammatory agent but serendipitously discovered to have use as a prophylactic drug for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Its modern-day utility in this latter role relies on its efficacy/safety balance in a contemporary population where, at least in high-income countries, age-standardised incident rates for MACE are falling, and where there are now competing therapeutic agents. Its future may be determined by its potential role as a chemoprophylactic or adjunct agent for cancer or other disease states. It therefore will continue to be the subject of further clinical research.
Mass spectra of $$0^{--}$$ and $$0^{+-}$$ hidden-heavy baryoniums
Authors: Wan Bing-Dong
Published: July 2024

In this work, the spectra of the prospective exotic hidden-charm and hidden-bottom baryonium, viz. the baryon–antibaryon states, with $$J^{PC}=0^{--}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
-

and $$0^{+-}$$

0

+
-

are investigated in the framework of QCD sum rules. The non-perturbative contributions up to dimension 12 are taken into account. Numerical results indicate that there might exist 3 possible $$0^{--}$$

0

-
-

hidden-charm baryonium states with masses $$(5.22\pm 0.26)$$

(
5.22
±
0.26
)

, $$(5.52\pm 0.25)$$

(
5.52
±
0.25
)

, and $$(5.46\pm 0.24)$$

(
5.46
±
0.24
)

GeV, and 5 possible $$0^{+-}$$

0

+
-

hidden-charm baryonium states with masses $$(4.76\pm 0.28)$$

(
4.76
±
0.28
)

, $$(5.24\pm 0.28)$$

(
5.24
±
0.28
)

, $$(5.16\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.16
±
0.27
)

, $$(5.52\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.52
±
0.27
)

, and $$(5.69\pm 0.27)$$

(
5.69
±
0.27
)

GeV, respectively. The corresponding hidden-bottom partners are found lying in the range of $$11.68-12.28$$

11.68
-
12.28

GeV and $$11.38-12.33$$

11.38
-
12.33

GeV, respectively. The possible baryonium decay modes are analyzed, which are hopefully measurable in LHC experiments.
Corporate Carbon Footprint: Evaluating Environmental Risks and Incentives in the Era of Climate Finance
Authors: Humbatova Sugra , Foziljonov Ibrohimjon , Panahova Gunay
Published: July 2024

To fight climate change and reduce their increasing pollution levels, developing nations must have access to worldwide public climate funds. In the view of developing nations, meeting their commitments to reduce emissions under the Paris Agreement depends on receiving funding for climate-related initiatives. According to earlier studies, financing developing nations may help them meet their climate targets. The most recent data on climate money and NDCs are used in this research to examine the subject from a practical standpoint. Two research approaches were used in this study to investigate the impact of climate funding on the objectives of recipient nations. Data indicated that it was excellent regardless of the size of the effect. Developing nations’ attempts to reduce emissions were more affected than those of the least developed nations, especially those with economies centred on tiny islands. This paper outlines how to solve the issue, but it is just the beginning. By informing their handling of climate money, investors can gain poorer nations’ confidence, according to this research.
Dynamic optimal hedging with futures in portfolio context
Authors: Pemy Moustapha , Sadefo Kamdem Jules
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we investigate the optimal hedging strategy in a continuous time framework that is more adequate for commodities. We consider the consumption-investment problem where all asset prices follow mean-reverting jump-diffusion processes. The optimal investment and consumption strategies are derived in closed form. The framework is used to address one of the major risk factors faced by commodity producers. We show that a commodity producer will be better off hedging his/her futures contracts by simultaneously investing in foreign exchange products to minimize the adverse impacts of the jump risk prevalent in commodity prices.
Deep Neural Network with a Characteristic Analysis for Seal Stroke Recognition
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Li Yong , Xu Lili
Published: July 2024

Seal characters are derived from ancient Chinese pictographs, naturally inheriting pictographic characteristics and complex structures. As the essential components of seal characters, seal strokes play a vital role in seal character recognition, composition, and writing, so accurate recognition of seal strokes can greatly promote the investigation of seal characters. Inspired by curve fitting, we propose a new model called the characteristic analysis neural network (CANN) for seal stroke recognition. Instead of indiscriminate grasping of feature information in regular neural networks, we design an efficient approximation technique based on the piecewise Bezier curves that can effectively facilitate structural compression and lossless feature extraction. The feature extraction capability of Bezier approximation helps the methodology achieve impressive recognition accuracy not only on the seal strokes but also on any curve-based symbols. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the deep learning strategy is inherited and improved for better performance with high generalisation. Experiments conducted on different types of strokes verify that CANN obtains superior performance on both seal strokes and other smooth symbols. The robustness and the effectiveness of CANN are also demonstrated with minimal learning cost compared to other state-of-art models.
Overestimation of the Ischemic Core Is Associated With Higher Core Lesion Volume and Degree of Reperfusion After Thrombectomy
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Winkelmeier Laurens , Kniep Helge , Heitkamp Christian , Christensen Soren , Lansberg Maarten G. , Thaler Christian , Kemmling Andre , Schön Gerhard , Zeleňák Kamil , Stracke Paul C. , Albers Gregory , Fiehler Jens , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy J. , Faizy Tobias D.
Published: July 2024

In patients with acute ischemic stroke, overestimation of the ischemic core occurred more often in those with ischemic core volumes greater than 50 mL at CT perfusion, regardless of the time from symptom onset to imaging.
Property Changes of Chopped Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound Composite in Acid‐Base Environment
Authors: Chen Qi , Xia Yazhong , Yu Jiuyang , Zhang Tianyi , Liu Bowen , Dai Yaonan
Published: July 2024

To investigate the influence of acid‐base environments on the properties of chopped fiber‐reinforced resin matrix composites, corresponding unsealed specimens were prepared. These specimens were immersed in sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid solution, and deionized water for varying durations, after which their mechanical properties and surface hardness were tested. Changes in chemical composition, as well as alterations in fiber and resin matrix, were observed from a microscopic perspective. The results indicate that fracture at the fiber/matrix interface and hydrolysis aging of the matrix are the primary reasons for degradation in the mechanical properties of the composite. After 28 days of immersion, the hardness retention rates were found to be 54.34%, 75.96%, and 74.15% for deionized water, NaOH solution, and HCl solution, respectively. Similarly, the retention rates of tensile strength were 56.99%, 51.97%, and 58.32%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of chopped fiber‐reinforced vinyl ester resin matrix composite materials in equipment designed in acid‐base environments.
Discovery of a Novel DYRK1A Mutation (c.524del) in Intellectual Development Disorder Autosomal Dominant 7 (MRD7): A Comprehensive Case Analysis
Authors: Whitaker Fiona , Serrano Alvaro
Published: July 2024

Dual‐specificity tyrosine kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a member of the CMGC family that is linked to a multitude of neuronal development pathways. Both overexpression and insufficiency of this gene are associated with many recognizable disorders, including Down syndrome and DYRK1A‐related intellectual disability syndrome which is characterized by distinct physical features with microcephaly and global developmental delay. We report a case of DYRK1A‐related intellectual disability syndrome caused by a novel mutation.
Approximation by q‐Post‐Widder Operators Based on a New Parameter
Authors: Lin Qiu
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to introduce q‐Post–Widder operators based on a new parameter and study their approximation properties. The moments and central moments are investigated. And some local approximation properties of these operators by means of modulus of continuity and Peetre’s K‐functional are presented. Furthermore, the rate of convergence for these operators is obtained. Weighted approximation and the quantitative q‐Voronovskaja type theorem are discussed. Finally, numerical illustrative examples have been given to show the convergence of these newly defined operators.
CER818: A Highly Specific and Sensitive HPV L1 High‐Risk Serological Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer and Its Precursor Lesions
Authors: Bräutigam Karen , Meier Stefanie , Köster Frank , Rody Achim , Hilfrich Ralf
Published: July 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to validate a new human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 high‐risk specific serological assay in a case‐control study.

Methods: Serum samples of 138 patients (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3 and cervical cancer), 21 vaccinees, and 246 female controls were tested for the presence of HPV L1 high‐risk specific antibodies.

Results: HPV L1 high‐risk antibodies were detected in 100% of the CIN1 and 2, 86.6% of the CIN3 and 82.4% of the cervical cancer cases, 100% of the vaccinees, and 3.9% of the female controls. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated with 0.91 for controls versus CIN2+, 0.923 for controls versus CIN1+, and 0.968 for controls versus CIN1/2.

Conclusion: The HPV L1 high‐risk specific serological lateral flow rapid test shows promising data in the field of early detection of HPV high‐risk induced cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. This easy‐to‐use, robust, and affordable approach could offer a chance to reach women in low‐ or middle‐income countries (LMICs) that could not be reached by HPV molecular testing–based cervical cancer screening programs.
Digital Competence among Healthcare Leaders: A Mixed‐Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Laakkonen Noora , Jarva Erika , Hammarén Mira , Kanste Outi , Kääriäinen Maria , Oikarinen Anne , Mikkonen Kristina
Published: July 2024

Background. New evidence on the digital competencies of healthcare leaders can provide essential knowledge for building training for the leaders to ensure high‐quality patient care. Objective. The aim of this mixed‐methods systematic review was to identify the current best evidence from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies on healthcare leaders’ digital competence experiences and perceptions and factors associated with it. Methods. A mixed‐methods systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for mixed‐methods systematic reviews by including original qualitative and quantitative observational studies and mixed‐methods studies published in English or Finnish between January 2012 and January 2024. The studies were retrieved from four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Medic). In total, 4470 articles were screened, 122 were eligible for full‐text screening, and 19 articles were included in the review according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis. Data tabulation and narrative synthesis for quantitative studies and content analysis for qualitative studies. Results. The synthesis of qualitative data identified five main categories that describe healthcare leaders’ experiences with digital competencies: (1) the need for developing leader’s own, professionals’, and patients’ competence in the digitalisation of healthcare, (2) the need for expertise in the health IT implementation process, (3) positive perceptions towards technology, (4) negative perceptions towards technology, and (5) ability to act as an advocate to implement technology into practice. Data from the selected quantitative studies presents that factors associated with the digital competence of healthcare leaders include individual characteristics, career characteristics, training, and other factors. Conclusion. This review suggests that developing and supporting healthcare leaders’ digital competencies should be considered in healthcare organizations, research, and education to make their digital competencies meet the demands of increasingly digitalising healthcare development work.
Figure S6 from E2F1-Associated Purine Synthesis Pathway Is a Major Component of the MET-DNA Damage Response Network
Authors: Poliaková Turan Michaela , Riedo Rahel , Medo Matúš , Pozzato Chiara , Friese-Hamim Manja , Koch Jonas P. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Li Qun , Kim Baek , Albers Joachim , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zamboni Nicola , Zimmer Yitzhak , Medová Michaela
Published: July 2024

GART protein expression upon MAPK and PI3K targeting: GART protein levels in untreated GTL-16 and EBC-1 cells and after MAPK (AZD6244) and PI3K (LY294002) pathways inhibition. ß Actin was used as a loading control.
Figure S2 from E2F1-Associated Purine Synthesis Pathway Is a Major Component of the MET-DNA Damage Response Network
Authors: Poliaková Turan Michaela , Riedo Rahel , Medo Matúš , Pozzato Chiara , Friese-Hamim Manja , Koch Jonas P. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Li Qun , Kim Baek , Albers Joachim , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zamboni Nicola , Zimmer Yitzhak , Medová Michaela
Published: July 2024

Suppementary metabolomics data: (A) Heat map determining top hits of metabolite ions in all cell lines at 24 hrs time-point post METi (|log2FC| > 0.5; adj.P value < 0.01). (B) Differences in metabolite ions (dots) abundance in METi-treated (24 hrs) and control cells. Statistically significant differences (|log2FC| > 0.5; P value < 0.01) are highlighted dark blue. (C) Enrichment analysis of the metabolomics data for GTL-16 and EBC-1 cells after 50 nM METi for 24 hrs, focusing on purine-related pathways.
Figure 5 from E2F1-Associated Purine Synthesis Pathway Is a Major Component of the MET-DNA Damage Response Network
Authors: Poliaková Turan Michaela , Riedo Rahel , Medo Matúš , Pozzato Chiara , Friese-Hamim Manja , Koch Jonas P. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Li Qun , Kim Baek , Albers Joachim , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zamboni Nicola , Zimmer Yitzhak , Medová Michaela
Published: July 2024

METi-dependent DNA damage induction mediated by E2F1 downregulation. A, Whole-cell lysates of MET-driven (GTL-16 and EBC-1) and non-MET-driven (HCC827 and H1648) cells were subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies against pMET, pERK1/2, RAD51, GART, and E2F1 following treatment with vehicle or 50 nmol/L tepotinib for 24 (pMET, pERK1/2, and RAD51) or 48 (GART and E2F1) hours. Lysates for pMET and pERK1/2 detection were prepared by using the NP-40 lysis buffer, and lysates for detection of the other proteins were prepared by using the urea lysis buffer. ß-Actin was used as a loading control. Representative images of N = 3 independent experiments are shown. B, Whole-cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting using specific antibody against E2F1 in untreated empty vector and E2F1-overexpessing GTL-16 cells (72 hours post transfection). ß-Actin was used as a loading control. Representative images of N = 3 independent experiments are shown. C, mRNA levels of RRM1, RRM2, and GART following E2F1 overexpression in GTL-16 (72 hours post transfection and 48 hours post tepotinib treatment) as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (N = 3, unpaired Student t test, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). D, Whole-cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies against pMET, GART, and E2F1 following indicated treatments in E2F1-overexpessing cell line GTL-16 (72 hours post transfection and 48 hours post tepotinib treatment). ß-Actin was used as a loading control. Representative images of N = 3 independent experiments are shown. E, Representative images of nuclear γH2AX foci in perturbed (tepotinib 50 nmol/L, 8 hours) and unperturbed E2F1-overexpressing (16 hours post transfection) GTL-16 cells and in empty vector control cells (top). Bottom, γH2AX foci count per cell (blue: DAPI; red: γH2AX; green: E2F1-overexpressing cells), N = 3, unpaired Student t test, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. F, dNTP levels in MET-driven E2F1-overexpressing GTL-16 cells in response to METi (50 nmol/L, 8 hours). Cells were collected 16 hours post transfection [N = 3, unpaired Student t test, (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001)].
Figure 3 from E2F1-Associated Purine Synthesis Pathway Is a Major Component of the MET-DNA Damage Response Network
Authors: Poliaková Turan Michaela , Riedo Rahel , Medo Matúš , Pozzato Chiara , Friese-Hamim Manja , Koch Jonas P. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Li Qun , Kim Baek , Albers Joachim , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zamboni Nicola , Zimmer Yitzhak , Medová Michaela
Published: July 2024

Impact of MET inhibition on the purine synthesis pathway. A, Transcript levels of purine synthesis enzymes are downregulated upon 24 hours of METi for EBC-1 and GTL-16 cells (N = 2). B, mRNA levels of PRPS1, PPAT, and GART upon METi in MET-driven (EBC-1 and GTL-16) and non-MET-driven (HCC821 and H820) cell lines assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (N = 3, unpaired Student t test, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). C, Whole-cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies against GART following treatment either with vehicle or 50 nmol/L tepotinib for 24, 48, and 72 hours in MET-driven (EBC-1 and GTL-16) and non-MET-driven (HCC821 and H820) cell lines. Representative images of N = 3 independent experiments are shown. D, GART expression levels in EBC-1 (top) and HCC827 (bottom) tumor xenografts treated by vehicle or METi. Representative images (top) and quantification of GART-positive area (bottom) are provided [(EBC-1: N = 5 (control), N = 5 (tepotinib); HCC827: N = 3 (control), N = 2 (tepotinib); unpaired Student t test, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001)]. E, MET, PRPS1, PPAT, GART, PFAS, PAICS, ADSL, and ATIC transcript distribution in normal tissue vs. primary tumor in lung, colorectal, stomach, and head and neck cancer TCGA datasets.
Figure S2 from N-Myristoytransferase Inhibition Causes Mitochondrial Iron Overload and Parthanatos in TIM17A-Dependent Aggressive Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Geroyska Sofia , Mejia Isabel , Chan Alfred A. , Navarrete Marian , Pandey Vijaya , Kharpatin Samuel , Noguti Juliana , Wang Feng , Srole Daniel , Chou Tsui-Fen , Wohlschlegel James , Nemeth Elizabeta , Damoiseaux Robert , Shackelford David B. , Lee Delphine J. , Díaz Begoña
Published: July 2024

Genetic targeting of NMT1 decreases the viability of (KL/K)MUT lung carcinoma.
Figure S1 from N-Myristoytransferase Inhibition Causes Mitochondrial Iron Overload and Parthanatos in TIM17A-Dependent Aggressive Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Geroyska Sofia , Mejia Isabel , Chan Alfred A. , Navarrete Marian , Pandey Vijaya , Kharpatin Samuel , Noguti Juliana , Wang Feng , Srole Daniel , Chou Tsui-Fen , Wohlschlegel James , Nemeth Elizabeta , Damoiseaux Robert , Shackelford David B. , Lee Delphine J. , Díaz Begoña
Published: July 2024

NMT1 is a therapeutic target in lung carcinoma
Theorizing “Primal World Beliefs”: A Relational-Developmental Account
Authors: Mascolo Michael F.
Published: July 2024

Clifton and his colleagues have proposed a dimension-based conception of “primal world beliefs” – beliefs about “the overall character of the world.” Citing the potential importance of “primal world beliefs,” Lansford et al. (this volume) have called for research on their development. In this paper, I suggest that the concepts of “primal,” “world,” and “belief” rely on unarticulated everyday concepts that are psychologically undertheorized. The model of “primal world belief” is a kind of methodological artifact; that is, it arises as a dual product of everyday trait-like thinking and factor analytic methodology. Thus, while the authors are hopeful that “primal world beliefs” may provide an alternative way to explain the sources of stability that are typically attributed to “personality traits,” Clifton and his colleagues have themselves produced a kind of “trait theory of beliefs” – one that is vulnerable to many of the same critiques directed toward trait models of personality. After a critical analysis of the theoretical framework that undergirds the concept of “primal world beliefs,” I offer a relational-developmental approach to the empirical study of how children develop beliefs within and about our intersubjectively structured lifeworlds.
Inovação em saúde: a implementação de um data lake para armazenamento, sistematização e disponibilização de dados em saúde no Brasil
Authors: Pagotto Daniel do Prado , Marques Wanderson da Silva , Oliveira Denise Santos de , Ferreira Vicente da Rocha Soares , Nunes de Azevedo Vinicius , Borges Júnior Cândido Vieira
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o problema relativo ao armazenamento, à sistematização e à disponibilização de dados em saúde no Brasil e uma solução inovadora: a implementação de um data lake com dados do setor de saúde. O data lake foi construído a partir de três etapas: (1) planejamento e priorização das bases de dados a serem importadas para o repositório; (2) extração, carregamento e tratamento dessas bases, com o apoio das ferramentas Apache Airflow e Dremio; e (3) aplicação do uso. Os resultados evidenciam a capacidade de a plataforma armazenar um grande volume de dados (Big Data), bem como de propiciar uma navegação intuitiva, facilitando a compreensão e o manuseio dos dados por analistas em saúde. Constata-se, ainda, que gestores públicos e pesquisadores reconhecem as contribuições da ferramenta para suas decisões e a potencialidade desta para o desenvolvimento de outras soluções de inteligência para a análise de dados da área de saúde. A solução apresentada visa contribuir para a gestão e o planejamento de políticas de saúde, permitindo o acesso de modo rápido e amplo a diversos dados que suportam a tomada de decisões na área de saúde com mais agilidade e segurança.