bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australia and Asia’s Trilateral Dilemmas
Authors: Bisley Nick
Published: April 2014

Asia’s middle powers face a trilateral dilemma stemming from their relationships with the U.S. and China. This paper uses the Australian example to examine the dilemma. It shows that Australia has bound itself to the U.S. because of domestic political factors, cost considerations, a belief that it can keep its interests separate, and its perception of regional threats. The paper then argues that others are likely to resolve their trilateral dilemmas in ways that make the regional strategic dynamic more competitive.
Australia in China's Grand Strategy
Authors: Liu Weihua , Hao Yufan
Published: April 2014

This paper examines China’s strategic interests in Australia. From the security perspective, Beijing hopes that Australia will be a constructive factor for its peaceful rise. On the economic side, Beijing hopes that the bilateral relationship will ensure sufficient and sustainable resources and energy supplies from Australia for China's domestic needs.
The Advantages of Bringing Infinity to a Finite Place
Authors: Wright Aaron Sidney
Published: April 2014

The history of Penrose diagrams in the physics of General Relativity (GR) is presented. It is argued that the diagrams did conceptual work for physicists, providing a literal place for abstract, formal objects. Penrose diagrams were associated with the mathematics of conformal transformations applied to GR. Together the diagrams and formalism reconfigured the basic concepts of the field—notions of space, time, cosmology, and energy. Nor were the meanings of the diagrams themselves stable over time. Their physical and conceptual evolution is traced. This history also demonstrates the tight integration of the contexts of research and pedagogy in the period investigated (1962–66). Diagrams circulated rapidly between research talks and publications and the pedagogical context of summer school lectures for advanced graduate students. Further reception and circulation of the diagrams is briefly examined.
Analytical and clinical challenges in a patient with concurrent type 1 diabetes, subcutaneous insulin resistance and insulin autoimmune syndrome
Authors: Jassam N , Amin N , Holland P , Semple R K , Halsall D J , Wark G , Barth J H
Published: April 2014

A lean 15-year-old girl was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes based on symptomatic hyperglycaemia and positive anti-islet cell antibodies. Glycaemia was initially stabilised on twice-daily mixed insulin. After 11 months from the time of diagnosis, she complained of hyperglycaemia and ketosis alternating with hypoglycaemia. This progressively worsened until prolonged hospital admission was required for treatment of refractory hypoglycaemia. A high titre of anti-insulin antibodies was detected associated with a very low recovery of immunoreactive (free) insulin from plasma after precipitation with polyethylene glycol, suggesting the presence of insulin in bound complexes. Insulin autoimmune syndrome was diagnosed and metabolic fluctuations were initially managed supportively. However, due to poor glucose control, immunosuppressive therapy was initiated first with steroids and plasmapheresis and later with anti-CD20 antibody therapy (Rituximab). This treatment was associated with a gradual disappearance of anti-insulin antibodies and her underlying type 1 diabetes has subsequently been successfully managed with an insulin pump.

Learning points

Anti-insulin antibodies may result in low levels of free insulin.

Polyclonal anti-insulin antibodies can interfere with the pharmacological action of administered insulin, resulting in hypoglycaemia and insulin resistance, due to varying affinities and capacities.

In this patient, rituximab administration was associated with a gradual disappearance of anti-insulin antibodies.

It is hypothesised that this patient had subcutaneous insulin resistance (SIR) caused by insulin capture at the tissue level, either by antibodies or by sequestration.

A prolonged tissue resistance protocol may be more appropriate in patients with immune-mediated SIR syndrome.
Blastocyst implantation failure relates to impaired translational machinery gene expression
Authors: Plaks Vicki , Gershon Eran , Zeisel Amit , Jacob-Hirsch Jasmine , Neeman Michal , Winterhager Elke , Rechavi Gideon , Domany Eytan , Dekel Nava
Published: April 2014

Oocyte quality is a well-established determinant of embryonic fate. However, the molecular participants and biological markers that affect and may predict adequate embryonic development are largely elusive. Our aim was to identify the components of the oocyte molecular machinery that part take in the production of a healthy embryo. For this purpose, we used an animal model, generated by us previously, the oocytes of which do not express Cx43 (Cx43del/del). In these mice, oogenesis appears normal, fertilisation does occur, early embryonic development is successful but implantation fails. We used magnetic resonance imaging analysis combined with histological examination to characterise the embryonic developmental incompetence. Reciprocal embryo transfer confirmed that the blastocyst evolved from the Cx43del/deloocyte is responsible for the implantation disorder. In order to unveil the genes, the impaired expression of which brings about the development of defective embryos, we carried out a genomic screening of both the oocytes and the resulting blastocysts. This microarray analysis revealed a low expression ofEgr1,Rpl21andEif4a1in Cx43del/deloocytes and downregulation ofRpl15andEif4g2in the resulting blastocysts. We propose that global deficiencies in genes related to the expression of ribosomal proteins and translation initiation factors in apparently normal oocytes bring about accumulation of defects, which significantly compromise their developmental capacity. The blastocysts resulting from such oocytes, which grow within a confined space until implantation, may be unable to generate enough biological mass to allow their expansion. This information could be implicated to diagnosis and treatment of infertility, particularly to IVF.
Epigenetic mechanisms in physiologic and pathologic pregnancies
Authors: Joó József Gábor , Karabélyos Csaba , Héjja Hajnalka , Kornya László , Rigó jr. János
Published: April 2014

Epigenetic factors are nowadays in the focus of scientific interest in medicine including obstetrics. The environment in utero and early neonatal life may induce a permanent response in the fetus and the newborn leading to enhanced susceptibility to later diseases. There is now growing evidence that the effects of developmental programming may also manifest themselves in the next generations without further suboptimal exposure. The so-called fetal programming may also highlight a tight connection between pathological conditions in pregnancy, environmental factors and the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Investigation of epigenetic factors may yield new possibilities for the prevention of chronic diseases affecting a significant part of the population. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(15), 566–574.
Ce3+:CaSc2O4 Crystal Fibers for Green Light Emission: Growth Issues and Characterization
Authors: Klimm Detlef , Philippen Jan , Markurt Toni , Kwasniewski Albert
Published: April 2014

Ce3+ is known to show broad optical emission peaking in the green spectral range. For the stabilization of 3-valent cerium in ceramic phosphors such as calcium scandate CaSc2O4, often co-doping with sodium for charge compensation is performed (Na+, Ce3+ ↔ 2 Ca2+). At the melting point of CaSc2O4 (≈2110°C), however, alkaline oxides evaporate completely and co-doping is thus no option for crystal growth from the melt. It is shown that even without co-doping Ce3+:CaSc2O4 crystal fibers can be grown from the melt by laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) in a suitable reactive atmosphere. Reactive means here that the oxygen partial pressure is a function of temperature and pO2(T) rises for this atmosphere in such a way that Ce3+ is kept stable for all T. Crystal fibers with ≈1 mm diameter and ≤50 mm length were grown and characterized. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed in the pseudo-binary system CaO–Sc2O3, and the specific heat capacity cp(T) of CaSc2O4 was measured up to 1240 K by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Near and beyond the melting point of calcium scandate significant evaporation of calcium tends to shift the melt composition towards the Sc2O3 side. Measurements and thermodynamic calculations reveal quantitative data on the fugacities of evaporating species.
Flat-band Voltage Study Of Atomic-layer-Deposited Aluminum-oxide Subjected To Spike Thermal Annealing
Authors: Mehta V. R. , Fiory A. T. , Ravindra N. M. , Ho M. Y. , Wilk G. D. , Sorsch T. W.
Published: April 2014

High-κ dielectrics based the oxide of Al were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 200-mm p-type Si wafers. Films were deposited directly on clean Si or on 0.5-nm underlayers of rapid thermal oxide or oxynitrides grown in O2 and/or NO ambients. The purpose of the underlayer films is to provide a barrier for atomic diffusion from the crystal Si to the high-κ dielectric film. Deposited Al-oxide films varied in thickness from 2 to 6 nm. Post deposition anneals were used to stabilize the ALD oxides. Equivalent SiO2-oxide thickness varied from 1.0 to 3.5 nm. In situ P-doped amorphous-Si 160 nm films were deposited over the oxides to prepare heavily doped n-type gate electrodes in MOS structures. Samples were rapid thermal annealed in N2 ambient at 800°C for 30 s, or spike annealed at 950, 1000, and 1050°C (nominally zero time at peak temperature). Flat band voltages, VFB were determined from C-V measurements on dot patterns. The 800°C anneals were used as a baseline, at which the poly-Si electrodes are crystallized and acquire electrical activation while subjecting the high-κ dielectrics to a low thermal budget. Positive shifts in VFB were observed, relative to a pure SiO2 control, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 V. Spike annealing reduces the VFB shift for ALD films deposited over underlayer films. The VFB shift and the changes with annealing temperature show systematic dependence on the nitridation of the underlayer.
Immediate Loading of Dental Implants Inserted in Edentulous Maxillas and Mandibles: 5-Year Results of a Clinical Study
Authors: Shigehara Satoshi , Ohba Seigo , Nakashima Ken , Takanashi Yoshiaki , Asahina Izumi
Published: April 2014

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of immediately loaded full-arch, fixed, one-piece prostheses supported by dental implants inserted in completely edentulous maxillae and mandibles. Twenty-eight completely edentulous jaws in 27 patients were treated with screw-fixed provisional prostheses on the same day as implant insertion. A total of 189 implants were inserted into the jaws of the patients. All provisional prostheses were the one-piece bridge type and were made with acrylic resin. Final restoration was performed more than 2 months after surgery. Implant survival rate, prosthesis success rate, and complications during the follow-up period were evaluated. Implant size (diameter and length) and bone quality (Hounsfield units) of the region of the implant were also analyzed. Mean follow-up time was 77.9 months. The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 100%, and the success rate of the prostheses was also 100% during the observation time. Although 3 types of minor complications occurred in 10 jaws (10/28; 35.7%), no major complications were found. Immediate loading of dental implants produces an equivalent outcome as that reported in previous studies using conventional loading. We believe this study not only adds to the immediate loading data but also confirms that the immediate loading technique may be most advantageous strategy for edentulous patients.
Álbum fotográfico: um mapa de cenários discursivos na produção acadêmica brasileira sobre aulas experimentais de Ciências
Authors: Cardoso Livia de Rezende , Paraíso Marlucy Alves
Published: April 2014

Neste artigo, buscamos compor um mapa dos cenários discursivos que permeiam a produção acadêmica brasileira de artigos em periódicos e eventos, teses e dissertações. Em tal exercício, foi possível perceber como os currículos das aulas experimentais são atravessados pelos discursos: da ciência moderna, da psicologia behaviorista, do método ativo, de progresso pela ciência, construtivista, da ciência dialética, de professor pesquisador, sociointeracionista, da pedagogia crítica, das tecnologias educacionais e dos estudos culturais. Argumentamos, aqui, que existem muitos cenários discursivos, compostos em meio a relações de poder-saber, construídos pela produção acadêmica brasileira, competindo e se articulando para compor uma narrativa de vida para o currículo experimental. Em certas fases, por meio de legendas e fotos, inventam-se características de racionalidade, neutralidade, empiria, objetividade. Em outras, designa-se lúdico, tecnologias e cidadania como elementos cenográficos.
Análise de vizinhança de mapas conceituais a partir do uso de múltiplos conceitos obrigatórios
Authors: Correia Paulo Rogério Miranda , Cicuto Camila Aparecida Tolentino , Dazzani Bianca
Published: April 2014

Os mapas conceituais (MCs) são úteis para representar o conhecimento e promover a aprendizagem significativa. O objetivo desse trabalho foi utilizar a análise de vizinhança (AViz) para avaliar a aprendizagem dos alunos. Oxigênio, hemácias, células e nutrientes foram conceitos obrigatórios (COs) que deveriam ser utilizados durante a elaboração de um MC para responder à seguinte pergunta: "como os nutrientes e o oxigênio chegam à célula?". Os resultados revelaram que proposições relacionando COs podem ser indicadores de uma adequada compreensão conceitual sobre o tema. Dos 36 MCs considerados, mais de 70% apresentaram 2 ou 3 proposições CO-CO. A AViz é uma maneira simples para identificar proposições com erros ou falta de clareza semântica, permitindo que os professores avaliem o nível de entendimento conceitual dos alunos durante o processo de aprendizagem.
A vida de alunos pescadores da comunidade de Baiacu (Bahia) e sua relação com a escola: dois mundos distintos?
Authors: Bejarano Nelson Rui Ribas , Brunet Joana Maria Soler , Bandeira Fábio Pedro Souza de Ferreira , Bortoliero Simone Terezinha
Published: April 2014

A pesquisa analisa o conhecimento da biologia de crustáceos de jovens de uma comunidade pesqueira de Baiacu, Bahia, construído através de seu cotidiano na lida com a pesca. Esses jovens também são alunos de uma escola pública. As atividades pesqueiras em Baiacu envolvem a captura de crustáceos de várias espécies. Já na escola, além da dificuldade de acesso, o ensino é desinteressante para aqueles que vivem da pesca. Os dados foram obtidos através de observação direta e atividades na própria escola, conversas informais e visitas à comunidade. Verificou-se que não há formas estáveis de diálogos entre os saberes tradicionais e escolares. De maneira que os saberes tradicionais, apesar de culturalmente relevantes, não são levados em conta quando se desenvolve o ensino na escola. Os prejuízos são evidentes para os dois mundos. Ao final, indicamos alguns caminhos que possam levar ao início de trocas entre esses dois campos de conhecimento.
Educação ambiental em tempos de transição paradigmática: entrelaçando saberes "disciplinados"
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Raquel de Souza
Published: April 2014

Apresentam-se informações bibliográficas a respeito da crise paradigmática da ciência moderna e da necessidade do diálogo da ciência com outras racionalidades a fim de enriquecer a nossa relação com o mundo pela produção de um conhecimento mais prudente. A complexidade da contemporaneidade anuncia a crise de um modo de pensar fragmentado e utilitarista e o retorno de um pensamento complexo. Em tempos de transição paradigmática, em que as certezas absolutas e as promessas de progresso e de qualidade de vida têm sido questionadas por formas mais éticas e estéticas de pensar/estar no mundo, a Educação Ambiental desponta como um saber mobilizador de conhecimentos e práticas capazes de transcender fronteiras demarcadas. Ao restabelecer o diálogo das disciplinas, a Educação Ambiental constitui novos territórios curriculares em que o entrelaçamento de saberes se abre ao novo, às mudanças e ao imprevisto inerentes aos agenciamentos de novas formas de perceber o mundo e fazer Educação.
Fração ideal da carga horária com aulas de campo, laboratório e sala no ensino de solos: visão do aluno
Authors: Rieder Arno
Published: April 2014

O tempo ideal (CH) preconizado por estudantes, para aulas de campo (AC), sala (AS) e de laboratório (AL) no ensino sobre solos no nível Fundamental (1G), Médio (2G) e Superior (3G), foi investigado em três escolas de Cáceres e Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. Foram avaliados os efeitos do nível escolar dos opinantes sobre a CH indicada. Houve efeito diferencial da escolaridade dos opinantes sobre a CH preconizada para as aulas AC e AS destinada para 1G. Para as aulas AC a CH, foi maior que para AS e AL nas três escolaridades. Houve tendência de os opinantes de níveis mais adiantados sugerirem a diminuição da CH para AC aplicadas aos níveis escolares anteriores. Conclui-se que as aulas sobre solos, em qualquer nível escolar, segundo os estudantes, devem ser desenvolvidas em AC, AS e AL, utilizando uma fração diferenciada de CH entre ambientes de aula, com predominância para AC. Os resultados subsidiam o ajustamento do ensino sobre solos.
Fatores que tornam o professor de Ensino Superior bem-sucedido: analisando um caso
Authors: Quadros Ana Luiza de , Mortimer Eduardo Fleury
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho faz parte de uma investigação sobre as práticas pedagógicas bem-sucedidas usadas por professores universitários. Com o objetivo de investigar as estratégias usadas por um professor bem avaliado pelos estudantes, registramos, em vídeo, um conjunto de aulas e fizemos a análise das mesmas. Esta análise permitiu um entendimento inicial de como o professor organiza o seu próprio trabalho, como navega entre diferentes tipos de discursos e como dá suporte ao processo de significação. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise revelou como as interações são produzidas no espaço/tempo da sala de aula, e como as diferentes estratégias usadas auxiliam no engajamento dos estudantes. Por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, buscamos, no professor, indícios que nos permitissem entender como este construiu as estratégias usadas nas aulas. Observamos a presença de um processo reflexivo sobre as experiências vividas e identificamos algumas pistas que nos permitiram argumentar sobre a construção dessas estratégias.
Ecosystem Services of UHE Carlos Botelho (Lobo/Broa): a new approach for management and planning of dams multiple-uses
Authors: Periotto NA. , Tundisi JG.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to identify and make an initial accounting of the ecosystem services of the hydroelectric power generation plant, UHE Carlos Botelho (Itirapina Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil), and its most extensive wetlands - total of 2,640 ha - and also identify the drivers of change of these services. Twenty (20) ecosystem services were identified and the estimated quantitative total value obtained was USD 120,445,657.87. year−1 or USD 45,623.35 ha−1.year−1. Investments on restoration of spatial heterogeneity along Tietê-Jacaré hydrographic basin and new technologies for regional economic activities must maintain ecological functions as well as increase marginal values of ecosystem services and the potential annual economic return of ecological functions.
Effects of isolation and environmental variables on fish community structure in the Brazilian Amazon Madeira-Purus interfluve
Authors: Barros DF. , Albernaz ALM. , Zuanon J. , Espírito Santo HMV. , Mendonça FP. , Galuch AV.
Published: April 2014

Due to the existence of terrestrial barriers to freshwater fish dispersion, it is believed that its distribution is strongly associated with historical factors related to the formation of the habitats they occupy. By the other hand, some studies reveal the influence of abiotic conditions (such as size of water bodies, pH, conductivity) on the composition of fish fauna occurring in small streams. This study aimed to investigate whether drainage basins, because catchment boundaries are potential barriers to fish dispersion, or the physical structure and physico-chemical characteristics of water have a greater influence on fish community structure in small streams. We sampled 22 streams belonging to five drainage basins in the Madeira-Purus interfluve. Fish were caught with dip nets and a small trawl, and data were simultaneously obtained on structural characteristics of the streams and physico-chemical characteristics of the water. Community composition was analyzed using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), and variables related to structural and physico-chemical characteristics were summarized by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Two explanatory models relating faunal composition to environmental factors were constructed: the first using only continuous variables and the second including the drainage basin as a categorical variable. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and AIC weight were used to select the best model. Although structural and physico-chemical variables significantly contributed to explaining faunal composition, the model including the drainage basin was clearly the better of the two models (more than 90% support in the data). The importance of drainage basins in structuring fish communities in streams may have significant consequences for conservation planning in these environments.
Characterization of Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) shelters in the Municipality of São Pedro - SP
Authors: Mialhe PJ.
Published: April 2014

Surveillance of hematophagous bats is an important public health measure for the prevention and control of rabies epidemics in domestic herbivorous animals. The aim of this study was to locate and georeference D.rotundus shelters in the Municipality of São Pedro - SP, Brazil, and verify their nature (artificial or natural), surrounding landscape and distance from main rivers. To do this, two samples were taken of populations in shelters, with an interval of six months between them, capturing all the bats existent in shelters with fewer than 20 individuals and approximately 20% of the bats present in shelters with over 20 individuals in order to quantify their gender and age distribution. The majority of D. rotundus (67%) were verified to be artificial and the remainder (33%) natural. Of the six artificial shelters found, five were located in abandoned houses and one in a rain water drainage channel. There were no signs of D. rotundus in other rural buildings and viaducts located in the proximities of pastures. In spite of the majority of D. rotundus shelters being artificial, the three most populated shelters were maternity colonies, two being located in grottos and only one in an artificial shelter (rain water drainage channel). The remaining shelters were occupied by only male individuals. With the exception of one shelter, all the other shelters were at a distance of less than 3 km from the main bodies of water in the study area, corroborating studies that have reported that the main rivers in the State of São Paulo are the main geographic features related to the presence of D. rotundus. It was also verified that 67% of the shelters were inhabited by only male individuals, which confirms other studies conducted in the State of São Paulo, in which over 60% of the groups of Desmodus contain only male individuals.
Effects of some parameters in upscale culture of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow
Authors: Sipaúba-Tavares LH. , Millan RN. , Berchielli-Morais FA.
Published: April 2014

Growth rate and medium parameters between two bench scale volumes (13-L and 250-L) were compared. Experiments were maintained batch mode and culture parameters were periodically measured during a 13-day period. Culture growth during the cultivation of algae Haematococcus pluvialis was determined qualitatively by cell counting, optical density, dry weight, ash content, amount of chlorophyll-a, total organic carbon content and by direct measuring of medium nutrients and some abiotic aspects. Vegetative cell growth was higher when cultured in 13-L with 1.33 x 105 cells.mL−1 on the 12th day than when cultured in 250-L. Significant difference (p < 0.05) in the biology and water culture of H. pluvialis, with the exception of dry weight, ash, nitrite and ammonia, was reported between the volumes. Data obtained in current study for the upscale culture maintenance of H. pluvialis in laboratory conditions shows that it should be undertaken in a 13-L volume due to a greater time span of cells in a vegetative state, greater cell density, lipids and chlorophyll-a contents. Light was of paramount importance on the direct performance of H. pluvialis on the algal biological conditions.
Length-weight relationships and biomass of the main microcrustacean species of two large tropical reservoirs in Brazil
Authors: Brito SL. , Maia-Barbosa PM. , Pinto-Coelho RM.
Published: April 2014

Length-weight equations were determined for the main microcrustacean species of Três Marias and Furnas reservoirs (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), and evaluated the fluctuations of their biomass. We examined the following species: Thermocyclops minutus, Bosminopsis deitersi, Bosmina hagmanni, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and Moina minuta (Três Marias Reservoir), and Notodiaptomus henseni, Daphnia ambigua, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Diaphanosoma spinulosum, D. fluviatile, and Bosmina freyi (Furnas Reservoir). Dry weight was obtained in a microbalance for each size class (Cladocera) or developmental stage (Copepoda). Microcrustacean mean biomass varied from 5.76 mg DW.m−3 and 20.36 mg DW.m−3 (Furnas Reservoir) and from 3.75 mg DW.m−3 and 18.14 mg DW.m−3 (Três Marias Reservoir). Significant differences (p < 0.000) between seasons were registered with higher biomass during the rainy seasons. Thermocyclops minutus was the most important species in Três Marias, whereas in Furnas, N. henseni contributed in equal proportion. In Furnas, the higher cladoceran biomass was explained by the contribution of larger-sized species, such as D. ambigua, C. silvestrii, D. spinulosum, and D. fluviatile. Even though both reservoirs are considered oligotrophic, there were significant differences in the estimated microcrustacean biomass, which reinforces the importance of this parameter for the description of the real contribution of each species in the community.
Endoparasites infecting the semiaquatic coral snake Micrurus surinamensis (Squamata: Elapidae) in the southern amazonian region, Mato Grosso state, Brazil
Authors: Ávila RW. , Morais DH. , Anjos LA. , Almeida WO. , Silva RJ.
Published: April 2014

A parasitological survey was conducted in specimens of the semiaquatic coral snake Micrurus surinamensis, a poorly known South American elapid. Four specimens collected at the southern Amazon region in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso were analyzed for endoparasites. Three parasite species were recovered from the snake hosts: the pentastomid Sebekia oxycephala, the nematode Physaloptera sp. and the trematode Opisthogonimus lecithonotus. This represents new locality and host record for S. oxycephala and O. lecithonotus.
Analysis of oxybutynin treatment for hyperhidrosis in patients aged over 40 years
Authors: Wolosker Nelson , Krutman Mariana , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Paula Rafael Pessanha de , Kauffman Paulo , Campos Jose Ribas Milanez de , Puech-Leão Pedro
Published: April 2014

Objective : Our aim was to analyze the effectiveness of oxybutynin for hyperhidrosis treatment in patients over 40 years. Methods : Eighty-seven patients aged over 40 years were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 48 (55.2%) patients aged between 40 and 49 years, and another was composed of 39 (44.8%) patients aged over 50 years (50 to 74 years). A comparative analysis of Quality of Life and level of hyperhidrosis between the groups was carried out 6 weeks after a protocol treatment with oxybutynin. A validated clinical questionnaire was used for evaluation. Results : In the younger age group, 75% of patients referred a “partial” or “great” improvement in level of hyperhidrosis after treatment. This number was particularly impressive in patients over 50 years, in which 87.2% of the cases demonstrated similar levels of improvement. Over 77% of patients in both groups demonstrated improvement in Quality of Life. Excellent outcomes were observed in older patients, in which 87.1% of patients presented “slightly better” (41%) or “much better” (46.1%) improvement. Conclusion : Patients aged over 40 years with hyperhidrosis presented excellent results after oxybutynin treatment. These outcomes were particularly impressive in the age group over 50 years, in which most patients had significant improvement in Quality of Life and in level of hyperhidrosis.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Araujo Maíta Poli de , Kleine Henrique Truffa , Parmigiano Tathiana Rebizzi , Gomes Natalia Tavares , Caparroz Graziela Pascom , Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira
Published: April 2014

Objective : To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes. Methods : An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted including 50 female athletes with mean age of 20±3 years. Colposcopy, pap smear, and polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed. Blood samples were collected to test for the human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. The athletes presenting clinical diseases or conditions identifiable by laboratory tests were treated and followed up in the unit. Results : Forty-six percent of the participants were unaware of sexually transmitted diseases. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among athletes was 48% (24 cases). Human papillomavirus was the most frequent agent (44%). Considering the human papillomavirus genotypes, subtype 16 was the most prevalent (53%), followed by 11-6 (22%) and 18 (13%). Two athletes tested positive for C. trachomatis. There were no cases diagnosed of infection by N. gonorrhoeae, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus. However, only 26 athletes had been vaccinated for hepatitis B. Conclusion : The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes was high. Primary prevention measures (hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccination) and secondary (serology, pap smears) must be offered to this specific group of women. The matter should be further approached in sports.
Role of the phosphocreatine system on energetic homeostasis in skeletal and cardiac muscles
Authors: Guimarães-Ferreira Lucas
Published: April 2014

Adenosine triphosphate is the present energy currency in the body, and is used in various cellular and indispensable processes for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. The regeneration mechanisms of adenosine triphosphate, from the product of its hydrolysis – adenosine diphosphate – are therefore necessary. Phosphocreatine is known as its quickest form of regeneration, by means of the enzyme creatine kinase. Thus, the primary function of this system is to act as a temporal energy buffer. Nevertheless, over the years, several other functions were attributed to phosphocreatine. This occurs as various isoforms of creatine kinase isoforms have been identified with a distinct subcellular location and functionally coupled with the sites that generate and use energy, in the mitochondria and cytosol, respectively. The present study discussed the central and complex role that the phosphocreatine system performs in energy homeostasis in muscle cells, as well as its alterations in pathological conditions.
Core y sistema de control neuro-motor: mecanismos básicos para la estabilidad del raquis lumbar
Authors: SEGARRA Víctor , HEREDIA Juan Ramón , PEÑA Guillermo , SAMPIETRO Matías , MOYANO Mauricio , MATA Fernando , ISIDRO Felipe , MARTÍN Fernando , SILVA-GRIGOLETTO Marzo Edir DA
Published: April 2014

El "CORE" es un concepto funcional que engloba la integración de tres sistemas cuyo óptimo funcionamiento garantiza la realización de tareas con una mayor eficacia y seguridad a nivel raquídeo, permitiendo adecuados niveles de estabilidad y control del movimiento. En este sentido, a fin de afrontar con éxito retos que demanden un control dinámico de la columna y la pelvis, el SNC debe aplicar estrategias diferentes, sopesando as fuerzas internas y externas con el fin de proporcionar una respuesta muscular que permita un movimiento óptimo y resista cualquier posible perturbación. En el presente manuscrito se revisa de forma aplicada, las bases, atendiendo a la información disponible actualmente, de los mecanismos básicos de control motor y las posibles alteraciones en los mismos a ser considerados por los especialistas en ejercicio respecto a su intervención mediante programas de ejercicio para la mejora de la capacidad de estabilización raquídea.
Agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes in the north of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz , Pereira Messias Gonzaga , Trindade Roberto dos Santos , Cunha Keila Silva da , Entringer Geovana Cremonini , Vettorazzi Julio Cesar Fiorio
Published: April 2014

We investigated the agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes. Super-sweet corn genotypes were backcrossed with regionally adapted field varieties (CIMMYT 8 and Piranão 8). Eight morphological and yield-related traits were evaluated. A significant effect of interaction was observed between the five groups of genotypes (donor parents; super-sweet backcrossed parents; super-sweet intervarietal hybrids; common intervarietal corn hybrids; and field corn populations). Despite the low yield of genotype SH2Piranão, the hybrids resulting from interbreeding of the backcrossed parents for the improvement of super-sweet corn were promising. The agronomic performance of the super-sweet parents and their hybrids indicates the possibility of breeding lines with high genetic value to obtain single-cross hybrids and cultivars of super-sweet corn adapted to the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Segmentation of multi-phase X-ray computed tomography images
Authors: Kato Masaji , Takahashi Manabu , Kawasaki Satoru , Kaneko Katsuhiko
Published: April 2014

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is useful for non-destructively visualising internal features of non-transparent objects. In addition, it provides quantitative information about the geometry and spatial distribution of an object’s constituent materials. However, X-ray CT images include blurs and noises. Herein, the authors focus on the partial volume effect that causes blurs depending on image resolution. Artificial materials (e.g., thin wire and threads) and natural materials (e.g., oil sand) were observed using a microfocus X-ray CT scanner. A maximum likelihood thresholding method considering the partial volume effect based on histogram data was applied for segmenting two- and three-phase X-ray CT images. Relative errors in measured cross-sectional areas of aluminium wires and nylon threads were evaluated for verifying the segmentation method. Occupancy ratios of each phase of oil sand to its bulk volume were quantified. The introduced segmentation method estimates the volume of each constituent of two- and three-phase porous materials with reasonable accuracy.
Linking resource availability and habitat structure to stream organisms: an experimental and observational assessment
Authors: Kiffney P. M. , Buhle E. R. , Naman S. M. , Pess G. R. , Klett R. S.
Published: April 2014

An experiment and a mark‐recapture field study of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were conducted to identify controls of key energy flow chains in river food webs. In the small‐scale experiment, we investigated the individual and interactive effects of physical habitat structure (PHS) as small wood and resource availability (tissue of adult Chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha) on nutrients, algae, invertebrates, and fish predators including juvenile coho. In the field, we quantified the effects of natural variation in prey availability (invertebrate drift biomass), PHS (wood), and local fish density on summer growth of juvenile coho across multiple stream reaches. Adding salmon tissue to experimental channels resulted in strong bottom‐up effects on select invertebrates including increased population biomass of chironomids and baetids, the numerically dominant invertebrates, and faster growth of juvenile coho. We link the enhanced growth of coho to chironomid productivity: for instance, adult chironomid flux was 4.3× higher and coho consumption of these animals 3× higher in salmon‐subsidized channels. PHS in experimental channels was associated with reduced algal biomass, potentially in response to increased invertebrate consumption, and invertebrate flux or export. The field study revealed coho growth was negatively related to PHS and total fish density and positively related to Diptera drift biomass; however, the effects of fish density and drift biomass on coho growth were relatively weak. The field study also indicated that prey resource availability and coho growth were associated with differences in canopy cover, with prey biomass and coho growth 2–4× higher in reaches receiving more sunlight. As in the experiment, coho in natural stream reaches predominantly fed on adult chironomids and other Diptera, indicating that these taxa and life‐stages are a key link between the benthic food web and mobile vertebrate predators. Our study showed that bottom‐up processes initiated by salmon subsidies and possibly light flux determined key trophic interactions in the Cedar River food web. Moreover, we speculate that PHS may modify some of these interactions indirectly through its effects on the movement of organisms through the environment.
Invasive plant ecosystem engineer facilitates community and trophic level alteration for brackish marsh invertebrates
Authors: Wigginton Rachel D. , Pearson Jessica , Whitcraft Christine R.
Published: April 2014

Wetland habitats are becoming increasingly scarce worldwide while experiencing exceptionally high levels of plant invasion. Invasive plant species affect ecosystems through numerous avenues, including acting as ecosystem engineers, contributing unique plant functional traits, and altering trophic dynamics. We examined the impacts of the invasive weed Lepidium latifolium on soil‐dwelling and canopy‐dwelling invertebrate communities in a brackish marsh of northern California. Invertebrate abundance, species richness, diversity, and community composition were measured in both invaded and non‐invaded areas of the marsh in four time periods that correspond with different L. latifolium phenologic phases. We observed these different stages of L. latifolium, and we recorded alterations in the habitat structure provided by L. latifolium as the plant entered senescence. L. latifolium had differential impacts on the two invertebrate communities studied. The presence of L. latifolium increased abundance of soil‐dwelling invertebrates and decreased the species richness of canopy‐dwelling invertebrates in the tidal marsh‐terrestrial ecotone where L. latifolium ameliorates harsh physical conditions. No changes occurred in the tidal marsh plain and fringing tidal marsh where L. latifolium's physical structure is more similar to existing non‐L. latifolium structure. During full senescence, L. latifolium reduced canopy‐dwelling invertebrate abundance and altered trophic dynamics, shifting composition to a predator‐dominated community. Our results demonstrate that L. latifolium can impact brackish marsh ecosystems, and we hypothesize L. latifolium's unique functional traits (large inflorescence and seasonal senescence) enable it to act as an ecosystem engineer that alters community and trophic dynamics. Mechanisms through which plant invaders alter ecosystem processes are dynamic in space and time, thus, future research will require the use of manipulative experiments to inform site‐specific management strategies.
American White Pelicans and Recreational Boaters on Lakes of the North American Great Plains: Habitat Use Overlap
Authors: Gaudet Carolyn A. , Somers Christopher M.
Published: April 2014

Shoreline development and boating on lakes of the northern Great Plains of North America have increased due
to recent economic prosperity. Few studies have examined the general characteristics of habitats used by foraging waterbirds
and boats to determine levels of overlap. To address this issue, we conducted point count surveys of American
White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and boats on two important recreational lakes in southern Saskatchewan,
Canada. The majority of pelicans and boats detected used near-shore areas of the lakes, identifying the importance of shallow
water habitats and providing evidence of significant overlap. The location of pelicans relative to the shore did not
change in the presence of boats, and there was no significant relationship between boat numbers and pelican numbers.
These analyses suggest that pelicans did not make major changes to their habitat use on the lakes as a result of boating activity.
When pelicans and boats were present simultaneously at point count locations, pelicans appeared to avoid boats on
one lake, but showed no detectable avoidance behavior on the other lake. The importance of interactions between recreational
boating and foraging pelicans is currently unclear. Set-back distances to protect foraging pelicans from boating activity
do not appear necessary based on our analyses.
Analysis of ceramics surface modification induced by pulsed laser treatment
Authors: Ristic Slavica , Polic Suzana , Radojkovic Bojana , Striber Joakim
Published: April 2014

This paper presents the effects of laser light irradiation on the surface of
ceramics dating from archaeological site Stubline (Obrenovac, Belgrade),
Serbia. Two different pulsed lasers: TEA CO2 (10.6 ?m wavelength, pulse
duration tp = 100 ns) and Nd:YAG (wavelengths 1064 nm and 532 nm, tp = 150
ps) have been used for surfaces treatment. Laser irradiation fluence was in
the range of 1-20 J/cm2. Ceramics surface modifications induced by pulsed
laser treatment were examined by scanning electron microscope, SEM, and the
composition with energy dispersive X-ray, EDX, analysis. The tests were
performed in order to obtain as much as possible information about the
appropriate choice of materials and techniques for the further conservation
and restoration of these items. The second objective was to determine the
surface modifications induced by pulsed laser treatment above damage
threshold (a safe cleaning laser fluence), as an important parameter in the
use of lasers for the cleaning of cultural ceramic items.
Oxidation and erosion behaviour of SiC-HfC multilayered composite
Authors: Matovic Branko , Maksimovic Vesna , Bucevac Dusan , Pantic Jelena , Lukovic Jelena , Volkov-Husovic Tatjana , Gautam Devendraprakash
Published: April 2014

The fabrication of SiC-HfC ceramic composite via self-propagating
high-temperature synthesis and simultaneous consolidation was investigated.
Dense composite consisting of alternating layers of SiC and HfC was obtained
by spark plasma sintering of stack of SiC cloths covered by
electrophoretically deposited HfO2. The deposited HfO2 was converted into HfC
during sintering. The obtained ceramics was characterized in terms of
microstructure, cavitation resistance and oxidation resistance. It was shown
that spark plasma sintering is effective way to preserve fibre-like
mikrostructure of SiC. The obtained material showed good erosion resistance.
The surface layer of HfC transformed to HfO2 during oxidation of samples and
protected SiC from further oxidation.
Broadband dielectric response of AlN ceramic composites
Authors: Brodnikovska Iryna , Deriy Andriy , Petrovsky Vitaly
Published: April 2014

Aluminium nitride (AlN) is considered as a substrate material for
microelectronic applications. AlN ceramic composites with different amount of
TiO2 (up to 4 vol.%) were obtained using hot pressing at different sintering
temperature from 1700 to 1900 ?C. It was shown that milling of the raw AlN
powder has strongly influence on sintering and improves densification.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used as a nondestructive method for
monitoring of the ceramic microstructures. TiO2 additive affects the key
properties of AlN ceramics. Thus, porosity of 0.1%, dielectric permeability
of ? = 9.7 and dielectric loss tangent of tan? = 1.3?10-3 can be achieved if
up to 2 vol.% TiO2 is added.
Quine’s behaviourist theory of language
Authors: Zoric Aleksandra
Published: April 2014

Within Quine?s philosophy, behaviorism is most present in the language
learning context, both in children?s learning their native language and in
translating an unknown language. It was directed against mentalistic
semantics and referential theories of meaning. We will focus the examination
of Quine?s behaviorism on the thesis of indeterminacy of translation, since
there we will find all the elements necessary for further analysis. We will
try to explicate the content of the thesis of indeterminacy of translation
and point out the key problems which it faces. We will show exactly what kind
of behaviorism Quine is defending and to what degree is his theory of
language a successful alternative to mentalistic theories of meaning.
Alternative method for direct measurement of tibial slope
Authors: Stijak Lazar , Santrac-Stijak Gordana , Spasojevic Goran , Radonjic Vidosava , Malis Milos , Milovanovic Darko , Filipovic Branislav
Published: April 2014

Background/Aim. The tibial slope is one of the most frequently cited
anatomical causes of anterior cruciate ligament trauma. The aim of this study
was to determine the possibility of direct measuring of the tibial slope of
the knee without prior soft tissue dissection in cadavers. Methods.
Measurement was performed on the two groups of samples: osteological and
cadaveric. The osteological group consisted of 102 matured tibiae and
measurement was performed: indirectly by sagittal photographing of the tibia,
and directly by a set of parallel bars. The cadaveric group consisted of 50
cadaveric knees and measurement was performed directly by a set of parallel
bars. The difference and correlation between indirect and the direct
measurements were observed, which included also measuring of the difference
and correlation of the tibial slope on the medial and lateral condyles.
Results. A statistically significant difference between the direct and
indirect method of measuring (p < 0.01) of 1? was found for the tibial slope
on the medial condyle, which is of no practical importance. Direct
measurement of the osteological and cadaveric groups of samples did not show
a statistically significant difference regarding the values of the tibial
slope on the lateral condyle (p > 0.05). However, the slope on the medial
condyle, as well as indirect measurement showed a statistically significant
difference (p < 0.01). Conclusion. By the use of a set of parallel bars it is
possible to measure the tibial slope directly without removal of the soft
tissue. The results of indirect, photographic measurement did not
statistically differ from the results of direct measurement of the tibial
slope.