bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combined experimental-numerical analysis of a novel deformable sandwich structure for morphing wing applications
Authors: Hajarian Amin , Zakerzadeh Mohammad Reza , Salehi Hamid , Baghani Mostafa
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a new flexible sandwich structure is introduced, which can be employed in morphing aircrafts capable of intelligently changing their shape in different flight conditions. To accomplish this goal, first, a review of the various ideas in the literature is presented. In the following, features of the proposed structure and its differences from other ideas are expressed. Then, the process of fabrication and the various stages of shaping the structure are described. In an aircraft with variable wings camber, the deformable section can be assumed to be a cantilever beam. Thus, samples of the proposed structure are fabricated as the cantilever beam and are tested as tip-loaded beams. Since the numerical analysis of the new structure involves the recognition of the mechanical behavior of its components, a comprehensive review of the mechanical behavior of each component of the structure is performed. Afterwards, the numerical method is utilized to model samples of the structure, and the changes in the samples’ deformation are examined under different loads. According to the observation of the broken samples, to arrive at more accurate numerical results, a distribution for the cavities, caused by the manufacturing process, is considered. Finally, with the same assumptions, another sample is analyzed, and it is shown that the results of the second model are consistent with experimental results.
How do regional parties influence foreign policy? Insights from multilevel coalitional bargaining in India
Authors: Blarel Nicolas , Van Willigen Niels
Published: December 2020

When and how do regional parties influence foreign policy in federal democracies with multiparty coalition governments? The existing literature has focused on situations of foreign policy disagreements between subnational parties and the central government in multinational states. By contrast, we argue that under varying conditions, central governments either decide to accommodate the preferences of small regional parties when designing foreign policies, or co-opt these regional parties to push their own foreign policy agenda. Some scholars looked at the role of decentralization and federal power arrangements in providing more control to political sub-units over the external affairs of a state. Other studies showed that certain coalition-building configurations facilitated the inclusion of the concerns of small parties in the foreign policy debate. Bridging these two literatures, we argue that both structural and agential conditions behind regional and national coalition building processes—visible in federal settings—affect foreign policy-making in different ways, and not necessarily toward disagreement and obstruction. To illustrate these hypothesized mechanisms, we look at two case studies in the Indian context: the role of regional parties in the debate over the US–India nuclear deal of 2008 and the role of regional parties in shaping India’s Sri Lanka policy from 2009 to 2014.
Playing Your Life: Developing Strategies and Managing Impressions in the Game of Bridge
Authors: Punch Samantha , Snellgrove Miriam
Published: December 2020

This article contributes to the emerging sociology of mind-sport as a new area of research by showing how everyday interaction and life skills are sharpened and honed through strategic interaction at the bridge table. Using the example of the card game bridge, the article explores how elite players engage in time-consuming and repetitive performances that display their ongoing impression management and strategic interaction work. Through interviews with 52 elite bridge players, the article argues that preparation and practice are required to improve play, alongside the ability to combine deception with notions of skilfully supportive transparent play. These contradictions are played out through learning to read the impressions given off by other players as well as plan in a disciplined manner for mistakes made at the table and to support their partner through silence. Using an interactionist framework, this article illustrates how strategic interaction and impression management are skills continually worked on in high-pressured and competitive environments. The article demonstrates the ways that everyday interaction practices are enhanced by and through a competitive mind-sport.
LGBT ‘Communities’ and the (Self-)regulation and Shaping of Intimacy
Authors: Formby Eleanor
Published: December 2020

This article draws on UK research with over 600 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT+) people, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant AH/J011894/1), which explored understandings and experiences of LGBT ‘community’. I examine the ways in which intimacy is regulated and shaped by and within social interaction, which was apparent in three main ways. First, the research identified how for some people the very concept of ‘LGBT community’ was linked to intimacy. Second, there was strong evidence to suggest that some LGBT+ people self-regulate their practices of intimacy (such as holding hands or kissing in public) so as not to be recognised as enacting a same-gender relationship. This was understood as a form of self-protection or hate crime prevention, though degrees of habit and professed concern for other people’s feelings were also contributing factors. Third, experiences of intimate relations were shaped by intersectional dynamics, particularly relating to various forms of discrimination, including ageism, biphobia, classism, (dis)ableism, racism, and transphobia from and among LGBT+ people. Whilst LGBT ‘communities’ were thought to enable opportunities to seek sexual and/or intimate encounters, this is not without its complexities. Although there have been improvements in relation to legislation and wider social attitudes, there is, for some, persistent apprehension and self-regulation which, whether necessary or not, are significant. LGBT+ people’s experiences thus suggest that intimacy can be shaped by multiple inequalities both within and without LGBT ‘communities’.
“Historia est magistra vitae”? The impact of historical victimhood on current conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Pantazi Myrto , Gkinopoulos Theofilos , Witkowska Marta , Klein Olivier , Bilewicz Michal
Published: December 2020

Conspiracy beliefs constitute a propensity to attribute major events to powerful agents acting against less powerful “victims”. In this article we test whether collective victimhood facilitates conspiracy thinking. Study 1 showed that perceived group victimhood is associated with generic and group-specific conspiracy beliefs, but only for individuals who identify highly with their ingroup. Study 2 employed an experimental design to show that experimentally increased group victimhood leads to increased endorsement of conspiracy beliefs among high ingroup identifiers, but decreases endorsement of conspiracy beliefs among low identifiers. This effect was mediated by lack of trust towards outgroup members. Study 3 sought to replicate Study 2 in a different socio-political context. While Study 3 did not directly support the relationship between victimhood, group identification and conspiracy beliefs, an integrated meta-analysis of all three studies provides evidence for a significant interaction of victimhood and group identification in predicting conspiracy beliefs.
Implementation of the Norwegian school meal guideline: Development and reliability of two questionnaires to measure adherence
Authors: Randby Jorunn S. , Holbæk Helene , Lien Nanna
Published: December 2020

Aims: This article reports on the development and reliability of two questionnaires that measure adherence to the Norwegian National Guideline on Food and Meals in School among primary schools and after-school services. Methods: Questionnaires for school principals and after-school leaders were developed systematically, using the following steps: (a) selection of scope, questions and adherence values; (b) face validity testing through expert review of initial drafts; (c) content validity testing through 19 cognitive interviews; (d) assessment of test–retest reliability in samples of principals ( n = 54) and after-school leaders ( n = 47); and (e) development of adherence indices. Results: The cognitive interviews led to substantial revisions of the draft questionnaires, increasing content validity through improved relevance and clarity. Test–retest assessment showed that Cohen’s κ ranged from −0.03 to 1.0 for principals and from −0.05 to 0.98 for after-school leaders, with 64 and 53% of values rated as ‘substantial’ or better. Percentage agreement averaged 85% among principals and 82% among after-school leaders. Intraclass correlation for the adherence index scores was 0.84 for principals and 0.91 for after-school leaders. Guideline adherence had a wide range in our samples, with an average of 71% for schools and 76% for after-school services. Conclusion: The questionnaires for measuring adherence to the national school meal guideline among primary schools and after-school services are sufficiently reliable for future use in public health evaluation and research.
On the efficiency of Nordic state-controlled gambling companies
Authors: Nikkinen Janne , Marionneau Virve
Published: December 2020

Aims:

This article assesses the efficiency of six Nordic state-controlled gambling companies in raising revenue for their host societies, and the terms under which they operate. Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway have established gambling monopolies on the grounds that they help to prevent fraud and money laundering, and channel proceeds to their host societies. Within the last decade, Denmark (2012) and Sweden (2019) have opened substantial parts of their gambling markets to competition, whereas Finland and Norway continue to uphold monopolies.

Design:

The analysis is based on publicly disclosed income statements and financial reporting concerning Nordic gambling operators for the year 2017. We calculated how much they contribute to societies, what are the costs, and how these figures compare among the companies.

Results:

We found that Veikkaus raises the highest amounts of surplus to society both in absolute terms and in relative numbers, and that, overall, the companies vary in efficiency. We discuss the reasons for these differences, focusing on their respective product portfolios, institutional frameworks and competitive market positions.

Conclusions:

The results problematise the measurement of efficiency in gambling companies in monetary terms. Efficiency depends on high total consumption with little regard to the principles of responsible gambling and the prevention of gambling problems. Nordic countries have a strong commitment to the protection of health, but in the case of gambling, protecting the monopoly seems to outweigh harm prevention.
Beyond a coefficient: an interactive process for achieving inter-rater consistency in qualitative coding
Authors: Hemmler Vonna L , Kenney Allison W , Langley Susan Dulong , Callahan Carolyn M , Gubbins E. Jean , Holder Shannon
Published: December 2020

Though qualitative research has become more prevalent in practice over the last 30 years, there is still considerable uncertainty among researchers regarding how to ensure inter-rater consistency when teams are tasked with coding qualitative data. In this article, we offer an explanation of a methodology that our qualitative team used to achieve systematic coding of our dataset in a way that preserved the contextual, subjective nature of the data, lent itself to the deductive and inductive creation of a layered codebook, and ensured consistent application of the codebook to varied types of data. This methodology prepared us to draw logical and substantiated conclusions during subsequent analyses; hence, the process serves as a welcome addition to the literature on consistently coding qualitative data in a manner that honors its defining characteristics.
From abused to abuser, inevitably?: Female inmates accounting for identity categorizations to distance themselves from violence
Authors: Virolainen Vera
Published: December 2020

Female inmates have encountered a great deal of violence during their life course, in most cases starting from abuse in the childhood home. In this study, I examine the accounts given by seven Finnish female inmates who have a two-fold relationship with violence: they have both experienced and perpetrated it. Thus, they have fractured the culturally dominant categorization of woman as nurturing and peaceful. They have an ambivalent relationship with culturally dominant discourses that narrowly depict violent women as either victims or perpetrators. By applying membership categorization analysis, I examine the kinds of identities that participants construct for themselves as both abused and abusers. The women mobilised interrelated yet non-linear and complex categorizations of abused child, substance user, object of intimate violence, perpetrator of violence and inmate. They accounted for their membership in the abused child, substance user and object of intimate violence categorizations, and thus constructed narrative accounts about why they were drawn into the ‘deviant’ category memberships of perpetrator of violence and inmate. By emphasising the category memberships or by resisting them, the participants distanced their identities from violence and were able to establish themselves as moral subjects.
Discursive decisions: Signposts to guide the use of critical discourse analysis in social work
Authors: Willey-Sthapit Claire , Jen Sarah , Storer Heather L , Benson Odessa Gonzalez
Published: December 2020

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines the relationship between language and power in society. By linking micro, mezzo, and macro environments, examining the impact of language on marginalized communities, and providing a lens for critical reflection, CDA aligns with the frameworks and values of social work as a profession. Yet this method has been underutilized in social work research. This paper provides an orientation for social work scholars seeking to use CDA through discussion of four key “signposts” or decision-making points: 1) theoretical framing and rationale, 2) sampling and data generation, 3) data analysis, and 4) dissemination of findings. Drawing on examples from the authors’ experiences with CDA studies addressing diverse research topics and methodological decisions, this paper offers a wide range of research design strategies for conducting similar projects. Examples are varied in terms of theoretical framing, research questions, data sources, analytic strategies, and audience. They include analyses of neoliberal discourse in refugee policy, discourses of culture in international development research documents, constructions of bisexuality among older women, and representations of intimate partner violence in young adult novels and tweets. Along the way, attention is given to communicating about CDA for social work audiences, particularly those less familiar with the epistemological foundations of CDA and its implications for practice.
Piloting the Play Cycle Observation Method in ‘real time’: Recording children’s Play Cycles in pre-school provision
Authors: King Pete , Atkins LaDonna , Burr Brandon
Published: December 2020

The Play Cycle Observation Method (PCOM) is an observational tool developed to focus on the process of play and has shown good reliability when watching videos of children playing. This study piloted use of the PCOM in ‘real time’ in a pre-school setting where 3-year-old children play. The results from two independent observers not familiar with the concept of the Play Cycle or the PCOM found good inter-rater reliability using Cohen Kappa (k) when observing play cues to form play cycles, as well as observing play cues within established play cycles. In addition, the recording of the nature of the play cues and play returns, the play frame and how the play cycle finishes (annihilation) were shown to be consistent between the two inter-rater observers. The results of this pilot study indicate the PCOM can be used as an observational tool to record the process of play by both students and practitioners working in a range of contexts including playwork, childcare, early years and statutory education. The PCOM can also be used as a teaching and training aid for trainers and lecturers.
Out-of-Control COVID-19 Pandemic Hampers the Nationalism
Authors: Hiko Aly , Wang Austin Horng-En
Published: December 2020

Early studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic causes the rally-around-the-flag effect and increases the level of nationalism among the voters after the outbreak. However, how long does this boost last? Voters may cognitively withdraw their identification to the beloved country if the pandemic is rampant in where they live as well as when the government fails to address it thoroughly. We conducted a pre-registered MTurk experiment (n = 606) on 20 April 2020, in the United States—3 months after the first confirmed case and weeks after the large-scale lockdown. Results show that US subjects who were primed of the COVID-19 in the United States significantly decreased their level of nationalism, especially among Democrats. In contrast, the priming of “COVID-19 in the world” has no effect. The negative impact of COVID-19 on nationalism could be explained by enough time as people could observe and evaluate the government’s performance after the outbreak through the partisan lens.
Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization in Asylum Seeking and Refugee Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Moslemany Riyad , Mellon Lisa , Tully Louise , McConkey Samuel J.
Published: December 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common and serious health and justice problem. Asylum seekers and refugees are generally vulnerable to violence and may be particularly vulnerable to IPV. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with IPV perpetration and victimization in asylum seeking and refugee populations through a systematic review of the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, Westlaw, and Social Science Research Network databases were searched. Quantitative studies were included according to a population, exposure, outcome framework. Studies were critically appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information tool and quality assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity. A complex multitude of factors associated with IPV perpetration and victimization in asylum seeking and refugee populations was found. Narrative synthesis of 23 studies showed an inverse association between both perpetrator and victim education level and IPV. Relationship factors, legal status, and age were also important factors associated with IPV. The majority of studies had a cross-sectional design. Heterogeneity in definitions of IPV, sample, methods, statistical procedures, and outcomes was reported. Low education level is a consistent modifiable factor associated with IPV in asylum seeking and refugee populations. This work points to a testable intervention that stakeholders could trial to address the unjust and unhealthy problem of IPV. More and better quality research using standardized definitions, longitudinal design, and sensitive tools is needed in this area.
Ishi’s Brain
Authors: Denzin Norman K.
Published: December 2020

A new telling of Ishi, Gerald Vizenor’s post-Indian, a model of survivance, Ishi a trickster, a joker, an Ishi who might have been.
microRNA-195 Promotes Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Inhibiting Rap2C Protein-Dependent MAPK Signal Transduction
Authors: Tong Jichun , Lu Jiawei , Yin Yajun , Wang Yeming , Zhang Ke
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to explore the influences of microRNA-195 (miRNA-195)/Rap2C/MAPK in the proliferation and apoptosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. QRT-PCR analysis were executed to evaluate miRNA-195 expression in lung cancer tissues and SCLC cells, and the western blot was implemented to monitor Rap2C protein level and uncovered whether the MAPK signaling pathway in lung cancer tissues and SCLC cells was activated. The CCK-8 experiment was performed to detect cell proliferation ability, and the flow cytometry was utilized to examine cell apoptosis level. Luciferase reporter gene system was executed to disclose the interaction between miRNA-195 and Rap2C. Subcutaneous implantation mouse models of SCLC cells were constructed to detect cell proliferation in vivo, and Kaplan-Meier method calculated patient survival. The expression of Rap2C was higher in lung cancer tissues and SCLC cells than in normal tissues and cells, while the expression of miRNA-195 was lower in lung cancer tissues and SCLC cells than in normal tissues and cells. miRNA-195 lower expression predicted showed reduced overall survival in lung cancer patients. Further loss of function and enhancement experiments revealed that miRNA-195 overexpression could significantly inhibit SCLC cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by upregulation of Bax and down-regulation of bcl-2; Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miRNA-195 could bind to Rap2C mRNA and inhibit its expression, Rap2C overexpression also related to the poorer prognosis of lung patients. Knockdown of Rap2C suppressed cell proliferation and expedited apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of Rap2C reversed miRNA-195-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition. Furthermore, miRNA195 prohibited the activation of MAPK signaling pathway by down-regulating Rap2C. These consequences indicated that miRNA-195 promotes the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells via inhibiting Rap2C protein-dependent MAPK signal transduction
Temporal Effects of Different Vehicles on Wound Healing Potentials of Quercetin: Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Approaches
Authors: Kant Vinay , Kumar Manish , Jangir Babu Lal , Kumar Vinod
Published: December 2020

Development of novel drugs or formulations to accelerate the wound healing process is the need of current era. Quercetin (Q), a bioflavonoid, at 0.3% concentration has showed some wound healing potential in our preliminary studies. The present study was aimed to explore the wound healing potential of 0.3% quercetin formulated in 3 different vehicles, that is, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 10%), ointment base, and corn oil. Ninety experimentally wounded rats were grouped in 6 groups. The 0.3% quercetin mixed with DMSO, ointment base, and corn oil was topically applied once daily for 21 days on the wounds of groups 2, 4, and 6, respectively. DMSO, ointment base, and corn oil alone was applied similarly in groups 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Gross evaluation and wound contraction results revealed accelerated wound closure in all quercetin-treated groups. The mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and interluekin-10 were markedly upregulated in healing tissues of quercetin-treated groups. Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression and protein levels were lowered by quercetin treatment. Quercetin-treated groups also showed increased activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase, and levels of total thiols in wound tissues on day 7. Levels of superoxide anion radicals and malondialdehyde were markedly lower in quercetin-treated groups. Histologically, wound sections of quercetin-treated groups showed early dominance of fibroblasts, increased blood vessels, marked collagen deposition, and regenerated epithelial layer. The significant effects were more pronounced in ointment + Q group among all the quercetin-treated groups. In conclusion, 0.3% quercetin mixed in ointment base produced the fastest and better wound healing in rats.
Playing Well With Others: Exhibitions, Collaborations, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Munshower Alan , McWhite Leigh , Rogers Lauren , Johnson Greg , Ford Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Over the last several decades, Archives & Special Collections at the University of Mississippi has worked on exhibitions with several regional and on-campus partners. These types of collaborations between libraries, archives, museums, and others provide important insight into the need for such joint projects, especially in an era of tighter budgets, smaller staff sizes, technological advancements, and evolving user expectations. This article describes a selection of these endeavors and a compilation of benefits as well as lessons learned that are derived from the department’s experience and a more formal solicitation of assessment from partners.
Preservation Not Paralysis: Reflections on Launching a Born-Digital Preservation Program
Authors: Herzinger Kyna , Daniels Caroline , Fox Heather
Published: December 2020

Born-digital materials are fleeting and fragile, yet digital preservation has been a challenge with its evolving methods and technical requirements. Added to this, many libraries, archives, and museums lack broad capacity to preserve born-digital materials with confidence. This case study offers an example of how one minimally resourced public university navigated the landscape to establish a born-digital preservation program. It distills the immense literature into practical, manageable actions while utilizing limited resources to meet feasible goals. In recognizing the hurdles that can keep an institution from taking steps to establish a digital preservation program, this case study seeks to empower librarians, archivists, and museum professionals as it traces a process that can serve as a foundation for maintaining and incrementally growing a robust digital preservation program.
Neuroprotective Effects of Higenamine Against the Alzheimer’s Disease Via Amelioration of Cognitive Impairment, Aβ Burden, Apoptosis and Regulation of Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaona , Du Wanliang , Zhang Yun , Wang Hui , He Maolin
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was envisaged to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of Higenamine (HGN) against aluminum chloride (AlCl3) triggered experimental Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model. Thirty-six male albino Wister rats were randomized and divided in 6 groups and subjected to experimentation for 6 weeks. Control group, AlCl3 (100 mg/kg orally), HGN (50 mg/kg orally), HGN25, HGN50, HGN75 (HGN 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg respectively and AlCl3 100 mg/kg orally). After completion of 42 days protocol, the animals were subjected to passive avoidance test. The animals were then anesthetized by intramuscularly injecting ketamine hydrochloride (24 mg/kg body weight) and euthanized by cervical amputation. Cortical and hippocampal tissues were carefully removed and were employed for quantification of aluminum and acetylcholinesterase. The tissues were quantified using Western blotting and detection kits for APP, Aβ1-42, β and γ secretases, Bax, Bad, caspases-9, cyto-c, pAkt and pGSK-3β, and oxidative markers. HGN significantly protected AlCl3 induced memory and learning impairments, Al overload, AChE hyperactivity, amyloid β (Aβ) burden and apoptosis in brain tissues via activating Akt/GSK3β pathway. HGN attenuated oxidative damage induced by Al by modulation of oxidative markers. Our findings advocate the neuroprotective effect of HGN in AlCl3 induced AD rat model.
Coach awareness, knowledge and practice in relation to growth and maturation and training load in competitive, young gymnasts
Authors: Patel Tejal Sarika , McGregor Alex , Fawcett Louise , Bekker Sheree , Williams Sean , Williams Karen , Cumming Sean P
Published: December 2020

Growth-related and overuse injuries are commonly reported in young gymnasts. Two risk factors of these injuries are growth and maturation, and training load. However, little is known regarding current coaching knowledge and practice in relation to these risk factors. To help understand current knowledge and practice, 44 coaches of competitive, young gymnasts, from 3 gymnastics disciplines (men’s artistic, women’s artistic, trampoline) took part in focus groups. The focus groups explored the awareness, experience and practice of coaches in relation to growth and maturation, training load and injury in competitive, young gymnasts. Data were analysed manually using an inductive thematic approach to identify core themes. The findings showed that coaches were aware of the physical changes and injuries that occur during the adolescent growth spurt. Both psychological changes and skill loss/confusion were also identified as challenges during this time. The knowledge and practice of monitoring growth and maturation, and training load did however differ between disciplines. Sports science and medicine practitioners were recognised as key stakeholders in helping manage and reduce the risk of injuries during growth. There appears to be gap between coach knowledge of growth and maturation, and training load, and practices such as monitoring training load and growth. Educating coaches and further research in these areas will aid coaches in reducing the risk of injuries in young, competitive gymnasts.
Locoregional therapies in patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Liu Hsiao-Tien , Cheng Shao-Bin , Lai Chia-Yu , Chen Yi-Ju , Su Te-Cheng , Wu Cheng-Chung
Published: December 2020

Background:

Hepatectomy is one potential treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Recurrent rate is high after curative resection and most recurrences occur within residual liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of different treatment modalities on recurrent diseases in patients with IHCC after primary liver resection.

Methods:

Between February 1999 and December 2015, we retrospectively identified patients who received curative resection for IHCC. Patients who experienced recurrences were included. Locoregional therapies included re-hepatectomy, radiofrequent ablation, and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. These patients were categorized into three groups: intrahepatic recurrence without locoregional therapies (group A), intrahepatic recurrence with locoregional therapies (group B) and extrahepatic metastases (group C).

Results:

Forty-three patients were included and there were 12, 15, and 16 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The median disease-free survival times were 8.3, 9.1, and 8.7 months in groups A, B, and C ( p = 0.099). The median after-recurrence overall survival times (period between recurrence and death/censor) were 6.4, 34.0, and 8.3 months in groups A, B, and C ( p = 0.001). Locoregional therapies showed favorable benefit in multivariant analysis (hazard ratio: 0.274, confidence interval: 0.083–0.908, p = 0.010).

Conclusion:

Locoregional therapies offered favorable benefits for patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
The health and economic burden of the coronavirus in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bitanihirwe Byron K. Y. , Ssewanyana Derrick
Published: December 2020

The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to overwhelm healthcare systems and to exert a negative influence on the global economy. Of particular concern is the impact of COVID-19 in low-income settings — especially in terms of their capacity to mitigate a surge in COVID-19 cases. Indeed, response measures currently in place to tackle the spread of COVID-19 in geographic regions predominantly consisting of low-income nations, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), remain tenuous and will require context-appropriate interventions. Control measures to tackle COVID-19 in SSA should therefore be informed through lessons learned from past outbreaks and emergencies on the continent. These lessons will represent a key source of guidance for the strategic implementation and promotion of public health interventions to assist scale-up of COVID-19 case management, infection prevention and control. Importantly, as governments in SSA continue to combat the spread of COVID-19, there will be a need to expand the coverage of social safety net programs and fiscal policy responses to tackle the socio-economic and health impact of COVID-19.
Multidisciplinary working in the management of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis
Authors: Gudu Tania , Jadon Deepak R.
Published: December 2020

Multidisciplinary (MD) care is essential in the management of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and is one of the main pillars of disease management and patient care. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness and benefits of this strategy in SpA is scarce. In this review we discuss the three types of MD care models: (i) combined clinics (MD units), including ‘face to face’, ‘parallel’ and ‘circuit approach’ clinics; (ii) MD team meetings; (iii) group consultations. The most frequently used model in SpA studies has been the ‘parallel’ combined clinic and usually encompasses a rheumatologist and another specialist, most commonly a dermatologist or a gastroenterologist, that work in tandem according to predefined referral criteria and treatment algorithms. MD working seems to improve the care of patients with SpA by a better identification and diagnosis of the disease, an earlier and more comprehensive treatment approach, and better outcomes for patients in terms of disease activity, physical function, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Data on effectiveness and feasibility are scarce and are mostly derived from studies with design issues and often without a unidisciplinary care comparator arm. Although patient centricity is one of the core values of patient care and MD setting in SpA, the patient often does not play an active role in most of the MD settings studied or in common clinical practice. Further efforts should be made so that MD care reflects patients’ expectations and needs. Overcoming these limits will help to implement successfully SpA MD care in daily clinical practice and subsequently to achieve a higher quality of care for our patients.
The effect of osteopathic medicine on pain in musicians with nonspecific chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rotter Gabriele , Fernholz Isabel , Binting Sylvia , Keller Theresa , Roll Stephanie , Kass Benjamin , Reinhold Thomas , Willich Stefan N. , Schmidt Alexander , Brinkhaus Benno
Published: December 2020

Background:

Nonspecific chronic neck pain (cNP) is common in adult violinists and violists and is often treated with osteopathic medicine (OM), although the effectiveness of this treatment has not been determined to date. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OM in adult violinists and violists with cNP.

Methods:

In a two-armed randomized controlled single-center open trial, adult violinists and violists, including music students, with cNP (⩾12 weeks) were randomized to either five individualized OM sessions (OM group) or to no intervention (control group, CG) in the outpatient clinic for integrative medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. All patients received a musicians’ medicine consultation and paracetamol on demand. The primary outcome parameter was the neck pain intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–100 mm, 0 = no pain, 100 = worst imaginable pain) after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included neck pain disability (Neck Disability Index, NDI, 0–100%) after 12 weeks. The last follow-up visit was after 52 weeks. Statistical analysis included analysis of covariance adjusted for respective baseline value.

Results:

Altogether, 62 outpatients were included [OM group ( n = 28), CG ( n = 34); 81% female; mean age, 41.6 ± 11.1 years; mean baseline neck pain, 55.9 ± 11.6 mm]. After 12 weeks, OM was associated with an improvement in the OM group versus the CG in neck pain on the VAS [14.6 mm (95% confidence interval 8.0; 21.2) versus 40.8 mm (34.7; 46.9), p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.4], and neck pain disability as determined by the NDI [8.8% (6.7; 10.8) versus 17.2% (15.3; 19.1), p < 0.001]. Some improvements were maintained until 52 weeks of follow-up. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that OM might be effective in reducing pain intensity in adult violinists and violists with nonspecific cNP. Further studies should investigate the efficacy of OM in comparison with a sham procedure and with other effective therapy methods in high-quality multicenter trials.

Trial registration:

WHO Trial Registration https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/NoAccess.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx by German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00009258, Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1173-5943.
Outcomes of Concurrent Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Rhinoplasty: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bitner Benjamin F. , Prasad Karthik R. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Dunn Brandyn S. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and functional nasal airway obstruction are common but distinct medical problems which affect quality of life. In certain instances, patients often benefit from concomitant functional septorhinoplasty, or elect for cosmetic rhinoplasty, in addition to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and prefer combining procedures. Determining outcomes of combined surgery is important when discussing risks and benefits with patients.

Methods

A thorough literature search of articles published in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases. Patients were categorized as either having FESS or rhinoplasty alone or combined. Binary random-effects models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for outcomes including complications, recurrence, and satisfaction.

Results

Of the 55 screened articles, 6 were included in the analysis, and of these, 6 (405 patients), 2 (90 patients), 4 (290 patients), and 3 (190 patients) provided data for postoperative complications, recurrence of CRS symptoms, revision rates, and patient satisfaction, respectively. Major complications were observed in 11 (5.8%) total combined cases, 0 (0%) FESS cases, and 6 (3.5%) rhinoplasty cases with no statistical difference between combined cases and rhinoplasties (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.45–4.16, p = 0.58). Recurrence of CRS symptoms was noted in 35.6% combined cases and 28.9% FESS cases (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.55–3.64, p = 0.47). There was no observed difference in revision rates between combined and isolated rhinoplasties (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.43–2.32, p = 1). Lastly, 91.6% of patients were satisfied with results of combined cases compared to 87.4% of patients in standalone cases (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.61–4.03, p = 0.35).

Conclusion

Aggregate evidence demonstrates similar risk in complication rates in combined surgical cases compared to stand-alone rhinoplasty. There appears to be no significant difference in recurrence of symptoms, revision rates or patient satisfaction.
Born Secret (Cash for Kryptonite): A field guide to the Anthropocene mode of production
Authors: Holmes Brian , Bolen Jeremy , Kirkbride Brian
Published: December 2020

The article offers a discursive complement to an audiovisual artwork created by the authors for the cultural program Mississippi. An Anthropocene River. It explores philosophical, technological, and political aspects of the modernization process that reshaped the landscape of the Tennessee Valley for the generation of hydroelectric power in the 1930s, laying the groundwork for the region’s integration to the continentalscale Manhattan Project in the following decade. Government management of scientific research and industrial production for military imperatives is identified as the origin of a characteristic Anthropocene mode of production which subsequently spread around the world, contributing decisively to the Great Acceleration of the global economy in the 1950s. Cast in the form of a “field guide” and addressed to a broad audience, the article suggests that sustained attention to anthropogenic patterns in any modernized landscape will reveal parallel developments of this mode of production.
Online peer to peer support: Qualitative analysis of UK and US open mental health Facebook groups
Authors: Prescott Julie , Rathbone Amy Leigh , Brown Gill
Published: December 2020

Objective

This research aimed to gain further understanding of how open Facebook groups are used for online peer to peer support and identify any similarities and/or differences between UK and US groups.

Method

A systematic search of mental health related open Facebook groups was conducted using relevant key words. The posts from 14 UK and 11 US groups were acquired over a three month period and content thematically analysed using Nvivo.

Results

Findings support previous research which evidences that online peer to peer support is beneficial for users seeking mental health information. Said support can increase feelings of connectedness, reduce feelings of isolation, and provide a platform for comparison of perspectives relating to personal experiences. Group membership may offer hope and increase feelings of empowerment in those using Facebook groups as a support mechanism. There was similar discourse seen throughout both UK and US posts in regards to gender inequality, lack of awareness and stigmatisation.

Conclusions

The study highlights the positive impact of shared personal experiences, and offers a greater understanding of the benefits of online peer to peer support for mental health and wellbeing. There is evidence that, whilst mental health is becoming a more widely discussed topic, in both the UK and US, it remains negatively perceived. Questions are posed for group administrators and health professionals relating to their utilisation and moderation of such online peer to peer support networks.
Sharenting, Peer Influence, and Privacy Concerns: A Study on the Instagram-Sharing Behaviors of Parents in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ranzini Giulia , Newlands Gemma , Lutz Christoph
Published: December 2020

Parental sharing of child-related content on social network sites, termed “sharenting,” is often the target of criticism. Yet, through sharenting, parents can find support systems, a way to stay in touch with relevant others, and even an opportunity for additional income. This study contributes to knowledge on antecedents of sharenting. It explores the impact of parents’ privacy concerns on the sharing of child-related content, as well as on their general Instagram sharing. In this study, we differentiate between general and situational privacy. Moreover, we investigate whether parents’ privacy self-efficacy and the support of their peers influence parental sharing practices. Drawing on a rich body of literature on privacy and information sharing, we discuss the results of an online survey distributed among 320 Instagram users who are parents of children younger than 13 and reside in the United Kingdom. We find that parents’ privacy concerns are uncorrelated to sharenting and only situational concerns marginally correlate to parents’ general sharing. Parents’ reported privacy self-efficacy also did not play a role in parents’ sharing of either personal or children-related content. On the contrary, both Instagram sharing and having a network supportive of parental sharenting positively predict sharenting. Our results indicate that (a) neither situational nor general privacy concerns influence parents’ sharenting behavior, and (b) a parent’s supportive network and frequent sharing habits make frequent sharenting more likely.
Using Youth Participatory Action Research to Promote Self-Efficacy in Math and Science
Authors: Edirmanasinghe Natalie
Published: December 2020

Youth participatory action research is a pedagogy in which students work together to explore an issue that affects them. The school counselor measured the impact on Latina students who participated in the project based on participants’ self-efficacy in attending college and being successful in math and science. Results indicated that students were more confident in their abilities in science and math and also believed they would attend college in the future by the end of the intervention.
The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score
Authors: Canseco Jose A. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Paziuk Taylor M. , Karamian Brian A. , Kandziora Frank , Vialle Emiliano N. , Oner F. Cumhur , Schnake Klaus J. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Chapman Jens R. , Benneker Lorin M. , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: December 2020

Study Design:

Global cross-sectional survey.

Objective:

To develop an injury score for the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System.

Methods:

Respondents numerically graded each variable within the classification system for severity. Based on the results, and with input from the AO Spine Trauma Knowledge Forum, the Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score was developed.

Results:

An A0 injury was assigned an injury score of 0, A1 a score of 1, and A2 a score of 2. Given the significant increase in severity, A3 was given a score of 4. Based on equal severity assessment, A4 and B1 were both assigned a score of 5. B2 and B3 injuries were assigned a score of 6. Unstable C-type injuries were given a score of 7. Stable F1 injuries were assigned a score of 2, with a 2-point increase for F2 injuries. Likewise, F3 injuries received a score of 5, whereas more unstable F4 injuries a score of 7. Neurologic status severity rating scores increased stepwise, with scores of 0 for N0, 1 for N1, and 2 for N2. Consistent with the Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Score, N3 (incomplete) and N4 (complete) injuries were given a score of 4. Finally, case-specific modifiers M1 (PLC injury) received a score of 1, while M2 (critical disc herniation) and M3 (spine stiffening disease) received a score of 4.

Conclusions:

The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score is an easy-to-use metric that can help develop a surgical algorithm to supplement the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System.
One stage bilateral unicompartmental knee replacement: Similar early clinical outcome with shorter rehabilitation and better resources utilization compared with two stage
Authors: Tang Yan Ho Bruce , Wong Hok Leung , Wong Tai Fong
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

There are a lot of debates on the advantages and safety profile of one stage bilateral knee arthroplasty. Most of the studies focus on total knee replacement, and it may not be applied directly to unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). We would like to compare the early results of one and two stage bilateral UKR in our center.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of all the bilateral medial UKR done in our center in 2018–2019. Patients’ demographic data, operative time, postoperative blood, length of stay (LOS) and complications were recorded. The number of admissions, pre-operative assessment sessions (PAS), and weeks of post-operative physiotherapy were analyzed. Clinical outcome was measured by Knee society knee score and range of motion (ROM).

Results:

Our center performed 97 UKR in 2018–2019, with 50 UKR performed in 25 patients, among which 16 received one stage while 9 received two stage bilateral UKR. Both groups had similar mean age, BMI, sex ratio, ASA grading, pre-operative knee score and ROM. Patient in the one stage group required only 1 PAS/admission/operation to treat both knees with a mean LOS of 7.3 days and 7.8 weeks of physiotherapy, while those in the two stage group required 2 PAS/admissions/operations with a mean cumulative LOS of 9.8 days and 14.1 weeks of physiotherapy. The mean cumulative operative time was similar for both groups but the one stage group only required 1 operative session. There was no difference in blood loss and there was no transfusion or complication. The post-operative knee score and ROM at 3 and 6 months were similar for both groups.

Conclusion:

In suitable patients with bilateral medial OA knee, one stage bilateral UKR offers simliar early clinical outcome with shorter rehabilitation duration but without increasing complications compared with two stage. Resources can therefore be better utilized.