bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a lagrangian transport model to organo-mineral aggregates within the Nazaré canyon
Authors: Pando S. , Juliano M. F. , García R. , de Jesus Mendes P. A. , Thomsen L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In this study, a hydrodynamic model was applied to the Nazaré submarine canyon with boundary forcing provided by an operational forecast model for the west Iberian coast for the spring of 2009. After validation, a lagrangian transport model was coupled to the hydrodynamic model to study and compare the transport patterns of three different classes of organo-mineral aggregates along the Nazaré canyon. The results show that the transport in the canyon is neither constant, nor unidirectional and that there are preferential areas where deposited matter is resuspended and redistributed. The transport of the larger class size of organo-mineral aggregates (2000 μm and 4000 μm) is less pronounced, and a decrease in the phytodetrital carbon flux along the canyon is observed. During the modelled period, the Nazaré canyon acts as a depocentre of sedimentary organic matter rather than a conduit of organo-mineral aggregates to the deep sea, as has been reported by other authors. The results of this study are crucial for the understanding of the oceanic carbon sequestration at the continental margin, and therefore important for evaluating the role of submarine canyons within the global carbon cycle.
The pathogenic fungi in mushroom cultivation of Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Imbach.
Authors: Tekiela Agata
Published: June 2013

The research was conducted in a mushroom growing facility located near Rzeszów, consisting of three production cycles. The number and composition of microorganisms which accompany the mushroom cultivation depended on the healthiness of: the compost, casing and spawn of Agaricus bisporus. The presence of pathogenic fungi in the cultivation halls at the beginning of the production cycle is a serious threat to the cultivation of common mushroom because their rapid development shortens the span of fruiting body harvests.
The occurrence of postharvest diseases on apples resistant to scab
Authors: Bryk Hanna , Kruczyńska Dorota
Published: June 2013

The occurrence of storage diseases on fruit of seven scab resistant apple cultivars (Freedom, Rajka, Topaz, Rubinola, Enterprise, Goldstar, GoldRush) grafted on M.9 was investigated in 2001-2005. The trees were planted in 1995. It was found that after storage (4 and 6 months at 2°C, 85-90% RH) the most severe appeared to be bull's eye rot (Pezicula spp.). The most sensitive cultivars to this disease were: Topaz, Freedom, Goldstar, the least sensitive were Rubinola, Enterprise, Rajka. Other postharvest diseases like gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), blue mold (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot (Monilinia fructigena) were not common. 'Rajka' and 'Goldstar' were susceptible to bitter pit, and 'Freedom' to superficial scald.
Characteristics of wheat leaf diseases development in Latvia
Authors: Bankina Biruta , Priekule Ilza
Published: June 2013

The field observations were carried out in 1999-2004 on 29 fields in Latvia. Incidence and severities of wheat leaf diseases were determined. Tan pot caused by Drechslera tritici-repentis and Septoria leaf blotch, induced by Septoria tritici were the most harmful diseases at the time of research (incidence 10-100% and 1-100%, respectively). Also the incidence of powdery mildew, caused by Blomeria graminis was high (4-100%), while that of rusts (Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis) was very low. Changes in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.
Malus ×oxysepala (M. domestica Borkh. × M. sylvestris Mill.) – a new spontaneous apple hybrid
Authors: Czarna Aneta , Nowińska Renata , Gawrońska Barbara
Published: June 2013

A study of the three Malus species (M. domestica, M. sylvestris, and a hybrid species, M. domestica × M. sylvestris, which was named M. ×oxysepala) was carried out based on the morphological and micromorphological features and molecular investigation. Observations performed for 47 quantitative traits showed that this hybrid species exhibits intermediate values between M. domestica and M. sylvestris, or are similar to traits of one of the parents. Sepals proved to be the best diagnostic feature because they were acuminate and much longer than sepals in M. domestica and M. sylvestris. Seed testa cells are distinct, rimmed with straight anticlinal walls and strongly bulged periclinal walls. Simultaneous genetic analyses based on PCR RAPD reactions fully confirmed earlier morphological observations. Genetic profiles of the hybrid obtained with the use of 30 primers, next to species-specific amplification products, contain common products with each of the parents. However, both the profile analysis and the dendrogram constructed on its basis showed that the hybrid is genetically closer to M. sylvestris.
The respiratory pyramid: From symptoms to disease in World Trade Center exposed firefighters
Authors: Niles Justin K. , Webber Mayris P. , Cohen Hillel W. , Hall Charles B. , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Ye Fen , Glaser Michelle S. , Weakley Jessica , Weiden Michael D. , Aldrich Thomas K. , Nolan Anna , Glass Lara , Kelly Kerry J. , Prezant David J.
Published: June 2013

Background

This study utilizes a four‐level pyramid framework to understand the relationship between symptom reports and/or abnormal pulmonary function and diagnoses of airway diseases (AD), including asthma, recurrent bronchitis and COPD/emphysema in WTC‐exposed firefighters. We compare the distribution of pyramid levels at two time‐points: by 9/11/2005 and by 9/11/2010.

Methods

We studied 6,931 WTC‐exposed FDNY firefighters who completed a monitoring exam during the early period and at least two additional follow‐up exams 9/11/2005–9/11/2010.

Results

By 9/11/2005 the pyramid structure was as follows: 4,039 (58.3%) in Level 1, no respiratory evaluation or treatment; 1,608 (23.2%) in Level 2, evaluation or treatment without AD diagnosis; 1,005 (14.5%) in Level 3, a single AD diagnosis (asthma, emphysema/COPD, or recurrent bronchitis); 279 (4.0%) in Level 4, asthma and another AD. By 9/11/2010, the pyramid distribution changed considerably, with Level 1 decreasing to 2,612 (37.7% of the cohort), and Levels 3 (N = 1,530) and 4 (N = 796) increasing to 22.1% and 11.5% of the cohort, respectively. Symptoms, spirometry measurements and healthcare utilization were associated with higher pyramid levels.

Conclusions

Respiratory diagnoses, even four years after a major inhalation event, are not the only drivers of future healthcare utilization. Symptoms and abnormal FEV‐1 values must also be considered if clinicians and healthcare administrators are to accurately anticipate future treatment needs, years after initial exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:870–880, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design nearly equiripple FIR filter by gradient scheme with dynamic step size
Authors: Hua Jingyu , Kuang Wankun , Wen Jiangang , Huang Chaogen , You Xiaohu
Published: June 2013

This paper proposes a gradient‐based algorithm with dynamic step size to design the nearly equiripple finite impulse response (FIR) filter, which iteratively updates the filter coefficient vector along the negative gradient direction of the peak approximation error. Moreover, besides the direction, the step size for updating is also an important parameter to be determined, and this paper proposes a dynamic method to find an appropriate step size at each round of iteration. Our results show that this dynamic step‐size scheme achieves a fast convergence rate, i.e. it can, i.e. it can design the nearly equiripple filters within a number of iterations. Specifically, by using the proposed method, the updating step size is relatively large at the early stage of iterations, which reduces the peak approximation error significantly. While, at the later stage of iterations, the updating step size becomes relatively small to approach to the equiripple solution as soon as possible. The extensive computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of the iteration number, the convergency and the performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When should a trophically transmitted parasite exploit host compensatory responses?
Authors: Dubois Frédérique , Thomas Frédéric , Brodeur Jacques
Published: June 2013

Parasites are known to manipulate the behavior of their hosts in ways that increase their probability of transmission. Theoretically, different evolutionary routes can lead to host manipulation, but much research has concentrated on the ‘manipulation hypothesis’ sensu stricto. Among the arsenal of host compensatory responses, however, some seem to be compatible with the parasite objectives. Another way for parasites to achieve transmission, therefore, would be to trigger specific host compensatory responses. In order to explore the conditions favoring this manipulative strategy, we developed a simulation model in which parasites may affect their hosts' behavior by using two nonmutually exclusive strategies: a manipulation sensu stricto strategy and a strategy based on the exploitation of host compensatory responses. Our model predicts that the exploitation of host compensatory responses can be evolutionary stable when the alteration improves the susceptibility to predation by final hosts without compromising host survival during parasite development. Inversely, when the behavioral modification resulting from a compensatory response conflicts with the host's interest we expect parasites to use both strategies. From this result, we conclude that the strategy based on the exploitation of host compensatory responses should be more common among nontrophically transmitted parasites. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the transmission rate of parasites in a definitive host is highest when each of the two strategies affects different traits, which supports the hypothesis that host manipulation is a multidimensional phenomenon in which each altered trait contributes independently to increase parasite transmission efficiency.
Symmetry group analysis and similarity solutions for the (2+1)‐dimensional coupled Burger's system
Authors: El‐Sayed M. F. , Moatimid G. M. , Moussa M. H. M. , El‐Shiekh R. M. , El‐Satar A. A.
Published: June 2013

Symmetry group analysis and similarity reduction of nonlinear system of coupled Burger equations in the form of nonlinear partial differential equation are analyzed via symmetry method. The symmetry method has led to similarity reductions of this equation to solvable form to third‐order partial differential equation. The infinitesimal, similarity variables, dependent variables, and reduction have been tabulated. The search for solutions of these systems by using the improved tanh method has yielded certain exact solutions expressed by rational functions. Some figures are given to show the properties of the solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver fat and SHBG affect insulin resistance in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: Kavanagh Kylie , Espeland Mark A. , Sutton‐Tyrrell Kim , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Khoudary Samar R. El , Wildman Rachel P.
Published: June 2013

Objective:

The liver is an insulin‐responsive organ that contributes significantly to both whole body insulin sensitivity and availability of sex steroids through the production of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Our objective was to explore whether lower SHBG was associated with ectopic liver fat and mediated its effect on insulin resistance in The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Design and Methods:

A subset of midlife African American and Caucasian women from SWAN (n = 208; 50.9 ± 0.18 yrs; 71% Caucasian) had computed tomography scans to quantify visceral, subcutaneous and liver fat. Blood samples were collected and assayed for hormonal and metabolic markers.

Results:

The cohort, while overweight, was generally healthy, and both liver fat and SHBG were unaffected by menopausal stage or race. Both higher liver fat and lower SHBG levels were significantly associated with higher insulin concentrations after adjustment for adiposity (r = −0.25, P < 0.001 and r = −0.18, P = 0.01). SHBG and liver fat had additive effects on insulin concentrations such that women with the lowest SHBG and the highest fat levels had the highest values (interaction P = 0.09). The association between SHBG and insulin was more apparent among women with fattier livers. SHBG and liver fat appear to have independent effects on insulin levels as adjustment for each other did not diminish the strength of either association (P = 0.023 and 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion:

These results confirmed the strong independent associations between increased liver fat and decreased SHBG with increased metabolic risk in midlife women. Further these data underscore the need for additional research into the role of liver fat in modifying SHBG's influence on insulin levels.
Primary CNS lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Authors: Abbi Kamal KS , Muzaffar Mahvish , Gaudin Daniel , Booth Jr Robert L , Feldmeier John J , Skeel Roland T
Published: June 2013

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a proliferation of plasma cells, small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and the production of monoclonal IgM. Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that can be found in the brain, leptomeninges, eyes or spinal cord, and are mostly intracerebral. PCNSLs constitute 3–4% of primary brain tumors, and in most cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL).1 Low grade lymphomas as primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma are very rare. We present here a case report of a woman who presented with headache and was found to have primary intracranial lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL).
SEXUAL HEALING: REGULATING MALE SEXUALITY IN EDO-PERIOD BOOKS ON ‘NURTURING LIFE’
Authors: Koch Angelika
Published: June 2013

The present article explores health as a factor in the understanding of Edo-period male sexuality. This notion was systematically propagated by a genre of health guides on ‘Nurturing Life’, which came to circulate widely at the time. Sexuality was seen as an integral element of a healthy life-style in these didactic texts, which aimed to instruct people on how to live a long life unharmed by disease. In order to achieve this goal, the health-seeker was to strictly control his everyday activities, including eating, drinking alcohol, sleeping – or sexual intercourse. By consequence, a certain kind of sexual behaviour emerged from these works as ‘healthy’, while deviations from the prescribed standards are medicalized away as harmful to the body, in extreme cases even fatal. At the same time, bodily health is presented as inextricably bound up with moral ‘health’. Thus, the rhetoric of control imposed on the body was extended from the purely medical to the moral, making the health-seeking individual at the same time a good (male) subject and model head of household within an ideal Confucian-inspired society. The ‘healthy’ sexuality of writings on Nurturing Life therefore has to be situated at the crossroads of medical beliefs and moral parameters.
Adapting glycolysis to cancer cell proliferation: the MAPK pathway focuses on PFKFB3
Authors: Bolaños Juan P.
Published: June 2013

Besides the necessary changes in the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, cancer cells undergo a profound series of metabolic adaptations focused to satisfy their excessive demand for biomass. An essential metabolic transformation of these cells is increased glycolysis, which is currently the focus of anticancer therapies. Several key players have been identified, so far, that adapt glycolysis to allow an increased proliferation in cancer. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Novellasdemunt and colleagues elegantly identify a novel mechanism by which MK2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-activated protein kinase 2], a key component of the MAPK pathway, up-regulates glycolysis in response to stress in cancer cells. The authors found that, by phosphorylating specific substrate residues, MK2 promotes both increased the gene transcription and allosteric activation of PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3), a key glycolysis-promoting enzyme. These results reveal a novel pathway through which MK2 co-ordinates metabolic adaptation to cell proliferation in cancer and highlight PFKFB3 as a potential therapeutic target in this devastating disease.
8. Protection of reputation
Authors: Hedley Steve , Padfield Nicola
Published: June 2013

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter examines tort for the protection of reputation. Reputation is protected principally by the tort of defamation. Defamation is almost unique among the torts: it is very often heard before a judge and jury, rather than a judge alone. The role of the jury is to determine matters of fact and to determine the level of damages. The chapter discusses liability; remedies; absolute defences; qualified defences; other torts protecting reputation; and reform of the law.
10. Remedies
Authors: Hedley Steve , Padfield Nicola
Published: June 2013

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the various remedies available to the claimant. In practice, by far the most common is an award of compensatory damages. In a few cases, the claimant may be able to exercise self-help. The claimant may sometimes be able to claim an injunction forbidding the defendant to continue with tortuous behaviour. Alternatively, the claimant may seek an award of money not calculated on compensatory principles.
Breakthrough innovation: the roles of dynamic innovation capabilities and open innovation activities
Authors: Cheng Colin C.J. , Chen Ja‐Shen
Published: June 2013

Purpose

This study aims to examine the roles of dynamic innovation capabilities and open innovation activities in breakthrough innovation. Drawing from the absorptive capacity perspective, organizational inertia theory, and open innovation, the authors seek to argue that dynamic innovation capabilities have a curvilinear effect on breakthrough innovation that is moderated by open innovation activities.

Design/methodology/approach

A mail survey was sent to the top 1,000 firms in Taiwan, the target respondents being senior managers with experience in developing at least three successful breakthrough innovations in the past five years. A total of 218 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a respondent rate of 22.9 percent.

Findings

The findings support the argument that dynamic innovation capabilities have an inverted U‐shape relationship with breakthrough innovation. Meanwhile, open innovation activities strengthen the positive effects of dynamic innovation capabilities on breakthrough innovation.

Research limitations/implications

The findings enrich the existing literature by proposing and confirming empirically that open innovation activities help firms with effective coordination of dynamic innovation capabilities.

Practical implications

Managers must be aware of the limitations of their existing dynamic innovation capabilities in terms of developing breakthrough innovation.

Originality/value

This study not only resolves the conflicting views about the relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation but also adds to the existing literature that indicates the failure of leading firms in the face of rapid environmental change.
From flood science to flood policy: the Foresight Future Flooding project seven years on
Authors: Penning‐Rowsell Edmund C. , Evans Edward P. , Hall Jim W. , Borthwick Alistair G.L.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The Foresight Future Flooding (FFF) project researched flood risk in the UK to the year 2100 for central government, using scenarios and a national risk assessment model backed by qualitative analysis from panels of some 45 senior scientists. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the project, both nationally and internationally.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper assesses the impact of the FFF project, both nationally and internationally, using web searches, document analysis, and a questionnaire survey of key actors in the flood risk management policy field.

Findings

It was found that the penetration of the project into professionals' consciousness was high in relation to other comparable projects and publications, and its impact on policy – both immediately and continuing – was profound. The FFF initiative did not create policy change, however, but facilitated its legitimation, adding impetus to what was already there, as one element of a part‐catalytic and part‐incremental process of policy evolution.

Research limitations/implications

Special circumstances, internal and external to the project, mean that this cannot be a simple model for matching research to policymakers' needs in the future.

Practical implications

Important lessons may be learnt from this project about both the methods of forward‐looking foresight‐type research, and the way that its results are disseminated to its target audiences.

Originality/value

This is an innovative attempt to assess the impact of a new type of foresight project.
Complexity and intellectual capital in organisations
Authors: Iván Tarride Mario , Osorio‐Vega Patricio
Published: June 2013

Purpose

This paper offers a framework based on the key principles of the complexity paradigm proposed by Edgar Morin to review what can be considered the dominant approach towards knowledge management, i.e. the intellectual capital construct. The purpose of this paper is to identify epistemological weaknesses to offer insights for the improvement of the theory and practice on knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the complexity paradigm and its dialogic and recursive principles, a framework to understand knowledge is offered comprising three interrelated requirements, each of which is based on a pair of opposites, arguably critical for the conceptualisation of a complex knowledge: order and disorder, whole and parts, and non‐logical and logical modes of thinking. This tool is applied to reviewing the epistemological assumptions under the intellectual capital approach, in order to find insights for further research on knowledge management. The task has an interpretative character and is carried out highlighting central aspects of the intellectual capital construct.

Findings

As a result it is possible to point out that the intellectual capital approach does not fulfill the complexity requirements, since it only recognises at the level of human beings their objective and functional aspects of knowledge, given by qualifications and other features that can be measured on the one hand, and driven a priori by a functional strategy, on the other. It ignores, in consequence, the more unstructured and disordered aspect of knowledge which, from a complexity perspective, is constitutive for the creation of innovative ideas.

Research limitations/implications

The study is fully centered on intellectual capital literature. A complementary review of other less used expressions of knowledge management such as the construct of “communities of practice”, applying the same diagnostic tool, could enrich the conclusions and theoretical proposals.

Practical implications

A framework for the detection of epistemological biases is offered and used in this paper to study the intellectual capital construct, which could be also applied for other knowledge‐based settings. For business managers and consultants dealing with knowledge management, this paper can also give some insights for the improvement of their organisational interventions.

Originality/value

A novel approach, the complexity paradigm, is proposed as the epistemological standpoint to improve theory and practice on knowledge management.
Wavelet de‐noising techniques with power spectral density to vibration signal
Authors: Chen Weizhen , Wang Bingwen , Zhan Hao , Zhou Long
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Denoising of the vibration signal is crucial to identify a structure's damage. Based on noise frequency character, the “real” vibration signal can be gotten. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method for denoising a signal based on the wavelet transform.

Design/methodology/approach

The vibration signal with noise which can be collected by wireless network is decomposed by wavelet transform. In order to select optimal level of wavelet decomposition, based on noise's frequency, power spectral density is used. A soft thresholding method based on minimum mean‐variance is used for vibration signal de‐noising with Gaussian noise.

Findings

A novel method has been described in his paper. Based on the relationship between vibration signal's character and noise frequency, the way to get rid of noise is combined wavelet transform with power spectral density.

Originality/value

In order to select optimal level of wavelet decomposition, based on noise's frequency, power spectral density is used. A soft thresholding method based on minimum mean‐variance is used for vibration signal denoising with Gaussian noise.
The way blood flows: the sacrificial value of intravenous drip use in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Mayblin Maya
Published: June 2013

This paper examines a preference among rural Catholics in Northeast Brazil to treat generalized forms of malaise with isotonic solution administered intravenously, even where such treatment goes against biomedical advice. It situates this practice within a nexus of local ideas about the value of blood and sacrifice, which emerge out of socio‐historical and environmental factors particular to the region. In this context blood is merely one in a sequence of substances linked to the regenerative martyrdom of Jesus, to the agricultural cycle, and to the economic struggle for existence in a drought‐affected region. The materialization of blood, sweat, and tears on the surface of the body indexes social relationships built on sacrifice. The appearance of such substances, often between categories of close kin, are ideally characterized by the loss or flow of substance in a single direction. In such contexts replenishing the blood with isotonics maintains a uni‐directional flow, preserving the value of sacrifice.
The blood of Abraham: Mormon redemptive physicality andAmerican idioms of kinship
Authors: Cannell Fenella
Published: June 2013

For Latter‐day Saints, blood is one important idiom of kinship, and ofChristian worship, but not in the ways one might expect. This paper asks how the logic of the resurrected and ‘perfected’ body inhabits both registers, beginning with the surprisingly ‘bloodless’LDSSacrament Service. I then explore the paths by which Latter‐day Saints navigate meanings of blood kinship in tension, especially attribution to the ‘Abrahamic lineages’. I argue, in agreement with Armand Mauss, that contemporary Mormonism has largely shed racist readings of ‘blood’, but suggest that both lineage and cognatic kinship as mystery remain salient through a ‘reduplicative logic’ which collapses physical inheritance, agency, and revelation. This illuminates both similarities to and differences from conservativeAmerican Protestant positions, including understandings of the life of the unborn foetus and the rights and wrongs of stem cell research.
‘Searching for the truth’: tracing the moral properties of blood in Malaysian clinical pathology labs
Authors: Carsten Janet
Published: June 2013

This paper begins with a remarkable moment in contemporary Malaysian politics when a contested blood sample of the leader of the opposition was claimed by some as having the capacity to ‘reveal the truth’ about his character. What is it about blood that gives it this iconic status? Drawing on research carried out in hospital clinical pathology labs and blood banks in Penang, the paper shows how blood samples, far from being detached from persons, may accrue layers of meaning as they travel round the lab. This occurs partly through the special properties of blood, and partly through the socially embedded interventions of laboratory staff. Tracing the social life of blood also allows us to grasp how the separation between domains of social life, which is fundamental to an ideology of modernity, must be laboriously achieved, and can often be only precariously maintained. In the case of blood, however, the stakes may be unusually high when the boundaries between, for example, biomedicine and politics or kinship become over‐permeable or threaten to collapse.
The art of bleeding: memory, martyrdom, and portraits in blood
Authors: Copeman Jacob
Published: June 2013

This essay investigates the genre of the Indian blood painting, in which human blood is utilized as a medium of representation. It focuses, in particular, on the political and memorial functions of this kind of painting. Such paintings, often using the artist's own blood, frequently depict ‘freedom fighters’ (orshaheed) who perished in the Indian struggle for Independence, and are intended to reawaken memories among the public of forgotten martyrs. In so doing they form a moral commentary on a nation which, in its millennial rush to embrace the future, all too easily forgets the sacrifices that brought it into being. The political and memorial functions of this form of portraiture are contextualized within the country's wider sanguinary politics, which demonstrates the extent to which blood is both subject to and a means of contestation.
The Narrowing of the Australian University Economics Curriculum: An Analysis of the Problem and a Proposed Solution
Authors: Thornton Tim
Published: June 2013

This study analyses the increasingly non‐plural nature of the Australian economics curriculum. The main explanation for this narrowing is that the social science wing of economics is having increasing difficulty in reproducing itself within traditional centres of economics teaching. Evidence suggests the best response to this problem is greater differentiation and institutional independence for economics as a social science. Specifically, the social science wing should differentiate itself as the discipline of ‘political economy’ within faculties of social science. This strategy of differentiation and independence can potentially bring about the revitalisation of the social science wing of the discipline. This would be to the benefit of economics education as a whole.
A giant nonstrangulating mesenteric lipoma as a cause of recurrent colic in a horse
Authors: Verwilghen D. , Hernlund E. , Ekman S. , Pringle J. , Johnston C. , van Galen G.
Published: June 2013

Colic is a major cause of veterinary attendance in general practice and although most colic episodes remain isolated, recurrence may occur and definitive diagnosis can be difficult to obtain. This report describes an unusual presentation of a lipoma in a middle‐aged horse presented for recurrent colic. A massive lipoma causing a nonstrangulating space occupying obstruction of the small intestine was found during an exploratory celiotomy and was considered to be the most likely cause of the recurrent episodes of abdominal discomfort.
Afterword: reciprocating the hospitality of these pages
Authors: HERZFELD MICHAEL
Published: June 2013

In accepting the hospitable invitation to respond to this collection, I draw out the themes of ambiguity and potential danger that hospitality entails for all parties. The vast cultural range of case studies, extending even to the role of mosquitoes in human habitations, perhaps owes something to the capacity of hospitality to enable translation among vastly different levels of social organization. But that is only one dimension of its besetting ambiguity, which can disrupt social certainties of many kinds. In particular, it subverts facile distinctions between disinterested and self‐serving actions, and it allows skilled social actors to draw sometimes unexpected degrees of agency from the irony that ritualistic manners and affectations of intimacy both make possible.

Dans ma réponse à l'aimable (et hospitalière) invitation de postfacer ce recueil, je reviendrai sur les thèmes de l'ambiguïté et du danger potentiel que l'hospitalité recèle pour toutes les parties. La vaste portée culturelle de ces études de cas, qui s'étend même jusqu'au rôle des moustiques dans les habitations humaines, s'explique peut‐être en partie par la capacité de l'hospitalitéà se manifester à des niveaux très différents de l'organisation sociale. Ce n'est là, cependant, qu'une dimension de son étonnante ambiguïté, capable d'ébranler de nombreuses certitudes sociales. Elle peut, en particulier, subvertir les distinctions faciles entre les actes désintéressés et égoïstes, et permet aux acteurs sociaux compétents d'identifier des niveaux d'agencéité parfois inattendus dans l'ironie rendue possible aussi bien par les gestes ritualisés que par les affectations d'intimité.
Recurrence Rates of Treated Basal Cell Carcinomas: Part 2: Curettage‐Electrodesiccation
Authors: SILVERMAN MARK K. , KOPF ALFRED W. , GRIN CARON M. , BART ROBERT S. , LEVENSTEIN MARCIA J.
Published: June 2013

This is the second article in a series that reviews the experience in the Skin and Cancer Unit, from 1955 through 1982, with the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). This report deals with 2314 previously untreated (primary) BCCs removed by curettage‐electrodesiccation. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing lesion diameter (P < .001), high‐risk anatomic sites (nose, paranasal, nasal‐labial groove, ear, chin, mandibular, peri‐oral, and peri‐ocular areas) (P < .001), middle‐risk anatomical sites (scalp, forehead, pre‐ and post‐auricular, and malar areas) (P < .001), and time‐span treated (1955 to 1963) (P = .012) were independent risk factors for high recurrence rates. The patient's age, sex, and lesion duration before treatment did not affect the recurrence rates. In order to best illustrate our current experience with BCCs, the last time‐span (1973 to 1982) was examined in detail. For the low‐risk sites (neck, trunk, and four extremities), BCCs of all diameters responded well to curettage‐electrodesiccation with an overall 5‐year recurrence rate of 3.3% (SE = 1.5%) determined by the modified life‐table method. In the middle‐risk sites BCCs less than 10 mm in diameter had a recurrence rate of 5.3% (SE = 2.7%). Finally, in the high‐risk sites, lesions less than 6 mm in diameter had a recurrence rate of 4.5% (SE = 2.6%). Thus, BCCs less than 6 mm in diameter, regardless of anatomic site, as well as selected larger BCCs depending on their anatomic site, are effectively treated by currettage‐electro‐desiccation.
Lateral Canthoplasty
Authors: NAUGLE THOMAS C.
Published: June 2013

background
. Lateral canthoplasty is one of the most valuable procedures in ophthalmic plastic surgery and has a variety of indications. These include the repair of ectropion, paralytic lagophthalmos, and eyelid retraction. The procedure can also be used in the prevention of some of the above entities, in the delivery of orbital tumors, and is a valuable adjunct in lower blepharoplasty. The tarsal strip procedure is probably the most popular technique of horizontal shortening of the eyelid.

objectives
. Indications for this procedure are reviewed. The technique as I perform it is described in detail. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1075–1080.
Use of Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Keloids
Authors: RUSCIANI LUIGI , ROSSI GIUSEPPE , BONO RICCARDO
Published: June 2013

background. Numerous approaches are used to treat keloids, but none is ideal for all scars and recurrence after treatment is frequent.

objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cryotherapy for treatment of these scars.

methods. Sixty‐five lesions of various sizes and ages were treated with a hand‐held liquid nitrogen spray unit; freeze times and number of sessions varied. Scar volume was measured before and after treatment.

results. Complete flattening was achieved in 48 scars (73%), most of which were less than 2 years old. Unacceptable responses were seen in six scars. No recurrence was seen during follow‐ups ranging from 17 to 42 months. Side effects were limited to hypopigmentation and slight to moderate atrophy in three cases.

conclusion. Cryotherapy is an effective, low‐risk approach to keloid treatment associated with a low rate of recurrence.
Intradermal Augmentation with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore‐Tex) for Facial Lines and Wrinkles
Authors: CISNEROS JOSÉ L. , SINGLA R.
Published: June 2013

background. Many materials—from bovine and porcine collagen to autologous fat—have been used to augment tissue for wrinkle correction or to correct cosmetic defects. However, none of them has proved completely satisfactory because of host immune response or lack of staying power.

objective. To describe the use of expanded tetrafluoroethylene (Gore Tex E‐PTFE Soft Tissue Patch) in the correction of deep nasolabial folds, facial wrinkles, and lip contour irregularities.

methods. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of Gore‐Tex E‐PTFE (inert material with highly porous structure) allow the penetration of cells and vessels with minimal inflammatory reaction. Small pieces of Gore‐Tex patches or threads were inserted underneath the wrinkle to fill it out. To avoid the appearance of the thread's end through the needle puncture in the skin, the accordion technique of insertion was used.

results. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has been used as a subdermal implant for the correction of deep nasolabial folds, facial wrinkles, and lip contour irregularities in 53 cases with satisfactory results.

conclusions. It is concluded that Gore‐Tex E‐PTFE is a new thread augmentation advance in the solution of facial skin irregularities that yields satisfactory and permanent results.
Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma
Authors: CALDERONE DIANA C. , GLASS L. FRANK , SELEZNICK MITCHELL , FENSKE NEIL A.
Published: June 2013

background. Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is a rare benign lesion that mimics a capillary (“strawberry”) hemangioma (CH) in appearance. EAH slowly grows and becomes symptomatic whereas CH typically regresses over time.

objective. To increase awareness of this rare hamartoma and emphasize the need for histopathologic evaluation of similar appearing lesions and thus prompt excision versus Observation.

methods. Literature review and report of an illustrative case.

results. Histopathologic confirmation of EAH in a lesion clinically indistinguishable from CH and successful surgical extirpation.

conclusion. EAH is a rare hamartomatous neoplasm clinically similar to CH in appearance. Histopathologic examination of suspected lesions is recommended for delineation as CH generally involutes spontaneously whereas EAH may require surgical excision due to pain and hyperhidrosis.
Facilitating early recovery of bowel motility after colorectal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Wallström Åsa , Frisman Gunilla Hollman
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectives

To determine how restored gastrointestinal motility can be accelerated after colorectal surgery.

Background

Regaining normal bowel functions after surgery is described as unexpectedly problematic. Postoperative ileus is expected after all surgery where the peritoneum is entered, and the length of surgery has little or no impact in terms of the duration of Postoperative ileus. There is some speculation about the best way to facilitate bowel motility after colorectal surgery.

Design

A systematic review.

Method

The computerised databases Medline, Scopus and CINAHL were searched to locate randomised, controlled trials by using the following keywords: colorectal surgery, postoperative ileus, recovery of function and gastrointestinal motility. The systematic search was limited to studies published between January 2002–January 2012. Reference lists were also searched manually.

Results

A total of 34 randomised, controlled trials were included in the review. Recovery of gastrointestinal motility was accelerated when one of the following forms of treatment was administered: probiotics, early feeding in combination with multimodal regimens, pentoxifylline, flurbiprofen, valdecoxib, ketorolac, clonidine, ropivacaine, lidocaine or spinal analgesia. Gum chewing, preoperative carbohydrate loading, bisacodyl and Doppler‐guided fluid management have an uncertain effect on bowel motility. The use of nonpharmacological interventions, intrathecal morphine, restricted fluid therapy and choline citrate yielded no significant acceleration in bowel motility.

Conclusions

A multimodal treatment, where the use of morphine is restricted, seems to be the best way to accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal bowel motility. However, more studies are required to optimise the multimodal protocol.

Relevance to clinical practice

The early return of bowel functions leads to quicker overall postoperative recovery, which may ease patient discomfort and decrease hospitalisation costs.
Efficacy of micafungin in invasive candidiasis caused by common Candida species with special emphasis on non‐albicans Candida species
Authors: Cornely Oliver A. , Vazquez Jose , De Waele Jan , Betts Robert , Rotstein Coleman , Nucci Marcio , Pappas Peter G. , Ullmann Andrew J.
Published: June 2013

The incidence of invasive candidiasis caused by non‐albicans Candida (NAC) spp. is increasing. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of micafungin, caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B in patients with invasive candidiasis and candidaemia caused by different Candida spp. This post hoc analysis used data obtained from two randomised phase III trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of micafungin vs. caspofungin and micafungin vs. liposomal amphotericin B. Treatment success, clinical response, mycological response and mortality were evaluated in patients infected with C. albicans and NAC spp. Treatment success rates in patients with either C. albicans or NAC infections were similar. Outcomes were similar for micafungin, caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B. Candida albicans was the most prevalent pathogen recovered (41.0%), followed by C. tropicalis (17.9%), C. parapsilosis (14.4%), C. glabrata (10.4%), multiple Candida spp. (7.3%) and C. krusei (3.2%). Age, primary diagnosis (i.e. candidaemia or invasive candidiasis), previous corticosteroid therapy and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were identified as potential predictors of treatment success and mortality. Micafungin, caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B exhibit favourable treatment response rates that are comparable for patients infected with different Candida spp.
Grateful Patients Can Lead to Gracious Gifts
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: June 2013

Fundraising is a science at Johns Hopkins Medical Institute.
The Co2p Oxidation State In Co-PI Catalyst
Authors: Richter Matthias , Schmeißer Dieter
Published: June 2013

The electronic structure of Cobalt based catalysts used for photocatalytic water splitting in solar cells is analyzed using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst films are prepared by electrochemical deposition. We employ a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study to analyze the Co2p and O1s core levels, absorption edges and valence bands. We discuss our resonant data in terms of the partial density of states of the valence and conduction band. We find a difference in the Co oxidation state as a function of film thickness (deposited charge). From the relative amount of Co, O, K and P we favor the molecular cobaltate cluster-like structure as the structural motif of the Co-PI catalyst
Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Pressure Field in the Grinding Zone with Nanoparticle Jet of MQL
Authors: Li C. H. , Han Z. L. , Zhang Q. , Wang S.
Published: June 2013

Solid nano particles were added in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) fluid medium to make nanofluids, that is, after the mixing and atomization of nanoparticle, lubricants and high pressure gas, to inject solid nano particle in the grinding zone with the form of jet flow. The mathematical model of two-phase flow pressure field of grinding zone with nanoparticle jet flow of MQL was established, and the simulation study was conducted. The results show that pressures in the grinding zone increased with the acceleration of grinding wheel, sharply decreased with the increased minimum clearance, and increased with the acceleration of jet flow. At three spraying angles of nozzles, when the nozzle angle was 15°, the pressure of grinding zone along the speed of grinding wheel was larger than the rest two angles. On the experimental platform built by KP-36 precision grinder and nanoparticle jet flow feed way, CY3018 pressure sensor was used to test the regularities of pressure field variations. The impact of the speed of grinding wheel, the gap between workpiece and grinding wheel, jet flow velocity, and spraying angles of nozzles on the pressure field of grinding zone was explored. The experimental result was generally consistent with the theoretical simulation, which verified the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
Attenuation ofβ-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Cell Death by Sulforaphane via Activation of NF-E2-Related Factor 2
Authors: Lee Chan , Park Gyu Hwan , Lee Seong-Ryong , Jang Jung-Hee
Published: June 2013

β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a major component of senile plaques, plays important roles in neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An array ofin vitroandin vivodata indicates that Aβ-induced neuronal death is mediated by oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of sulforaphane (SUL), an isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables, on Aβ-induced oxidative cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells treated with Aβ25–35exhibited decreased cell viability and underwent apoptosis as determined by MTT assay and TUNEL, respectively. Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic characteristics such as activation of c-JNK, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, altered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, and DNA fragmentation were effectively attenuated by SUL pretreatment. The antiapoptotic activity of SUL seemed to be mediated by inhibition of intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damages. SUL exerted antioxidant potential by upregulating expression of antioxidant enzymes includingγ-glutamylcysteine ligase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, and heme oxygenase-1 via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2). The protective effect of SUL against Aβ25–35-induced apoptotic cell death was abolished by siRNA of Nrf2. Taken together, the results suggest that pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway by SUL might be a practical prevention and/or protective treatment for the management of AD.
The Composition of Numbers 32: A New Proposal
Authors: Marquis Liane M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract

This paper addresses the compositional history of the story of the apportionment of the Transjordan to the Reubenites and Gadites in Numbers 32. After a detailed study of the narrative difficulties within this chapter, it is argued that Numbers 32 contains two independent stories and a post-compilational insertion. Each of the two stories is then analyzed on its own terms and placed within its broader Pentateuchal context.