bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Application of Quadratic Programming Within the Markowitz Economic Model: An Empirical Analysis of the Chinese Real Estate Market
Authors: Xu Jinpeng
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces an innovative approach by incorporating quadratic programming (QP) into the Markowitz portfolio optimization framework. The central objective of our study is to explore the integration of QP as a solution scheme for portfolio optimization problems with constraints, particularly in the context of the dynamic and complex Chinese real estate market.By meticulously formulating rigorous mathematical models and implementing systematic procedures, we empirically assess the effectiveness and applicability of QP within the Markowitz portfolio model. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of portfolio optimization by shedding light on how QP can aid investors in optimizing their portfolios in the intricacies of the Chinese real estate market. We provide valuable advice for investors, enabling them to make more informed and efficient investment decisions, thereby reducing risk and maximizing returns. This study serves as a valuable reference for academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the challenging landscape of the Chinese real estate market.
Research on Influencing Factors of Customer Purchasing Behavior Based on PCA
Authors: Li Ziyue
Published: January 2024

In the research of customer behaviour, customer stickiness has always been one of the hottest topics. Relevant research of customer behavior is based on the obtained data, and proposes advice of the corresponding industry. This paper aims at a special purchasing group among customers. Through the PCA of the order content of this special part of customers, it can be concluded that the factors affecting the customer's purchasing behaviour mainly include the quantity and unit price. Through the analysis of the results, reasonable and feasible suggestions can be put forward for the transformation of one-time customers into long-term and stable customers, thus the customer's adhesion can be improved.
SWOT Model Analysis of Tesla Company
Authors: Xu Zichen
Published: January 2024

Tesla has not only made breakthroughs in products, but also played an active role in the field of sustainable development and environmental protection. The company's vision is to move the world towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future, with less reliance on fossil fuels. This paper delves into Tesla, Inc.'s strategic approach towards innovation and sustainability. It conducts a comprehensive case study of Tesla's Gigafactory in Nevada, dissecting Tesla's operational methods and underlining its dedication to large-scale sustainable manufacturing. By juxtaposing Tesla's practices with industry norms, the paper reveals how the company's groundbreaking initiatives are not only revolutionizing the automotive sector but also establishing new benchmarks across various industries globally. Additionally, the research scrutinizes Tesla's product portfolio and renewable energy endeavors, spotlighting the diverse strategies employed by Tesla to propel the global shift towards sustainable energy and transportation solutions. In terms of qualitative analysis, we delved into a comprehensive case study of the Nevada Gigafactory, conducting interviews with key personnel and conducting on-site observations to gain insights into Tesla's operational strategies. On the quantitative front, we made use of exclusive datasets to compare Tesla's performance metrics with industry benchmarks.
Redefining Luxury Electric Cars: A Comprehensive Analysis of Faraday Future Inc.
Authors: Li Zhenbang
Published: January 2024

The global automotive industry is experiencing a seismic shift towards sustainability, with electric vehicles (EVs) leading the way. Among the new entrants in this arena, Faraday Future Inc. (FF) stands out with its vision to redefine luxury electric cars. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of FF's approach, comparing it to established luxury car brands and examining the novel luxury values it introduces. FF has strategically positioned itself to cater to the growing demand for eco-friendly, technologically advanced, and luxurious EVs. The result is a holistic reimagining of the luxury EV. Key competitive advantages for FF include its team of industry experts, advanced EV technology, and savvy marketing. Furthermore, founder YT Jia's potential influence, particularly in the Chinese market, adds a powerful dimension to the company's prospects. Nonetheless, FF faces immediate financial challenges, evident in its lack of revenue juxtaposed with high operational expenses. To realize its ambitions, FF must secure substantial funding, a task complicated by YT Jia's unresolved credit issues. Despite these hurdles, FF's diverse product portfolio offers immense potential. However, the risk of delayed product launches looms in a fast-paced industry. In summary, this article explores FF's mission to redefine luxury electric cars, emphasizing its unique value propositions, competitive strengths, and financial obstacles. FF's innovative approach positions it as a promising contender in the EV market, poised to make a lasting impact on the luxury EV segment while advancing the global shift towards sustainable transportation solutions.
Integrating Value at Risk (VaR) Model into Behavior Economics for Consumer Behavior Marketing and Decision Analysis
Authors: Chen Jinming
Published: January 2024

This overview paper supplies a background for a potential suppose of a new research dimension, based on Value at Risk model analysis applying in a point of view based on behavior economics, and supposed theory of using the models of Value at Risk. This article proposes a novel research avenue by melding the Value at Risk (VaR) model with behavioral economics, aiming to enrich our comprehension and forecasting of consumer behavior in the marketing domain. The paper underscores the significance of the discussed topics, encompassing the VaR model, marketing strategies, consumer behavior patterns, behavioral economics, and a concise touch on econometric tools. Hypotheses are presented, showcasing a regression model that holds the potential to significantly contribute to upcoming research endeavors. The foundational context and recommended methodologies of this study are tailored to spotlight specific market segments when gauging market reactions. By employing this combined model, researchers can delve into the behavior of consumers within specific geographical or economic markets, offering insights into their likely reactions to shifts in the price of merit goods. This approach beckons further exploration in correlating domains, encompassing classical economics, marketing insights related to consumer behavior, and the broader realm of behavioral economics.
Testing the Validity of the Multi-Factor Model in the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Shen Yangziyu
Published: January 2024

In the wake of the burgeoning field of quantitative finance, factor models have risen to considerable prominence within the Chinese financial landscape. This research undertakes a comprehensive analysis employing data spanning the years 2014 to 2022, encompassing a total of 108 monthly observations sourced from the Chinese A-share stock market. The principal objective of this study revolves around the evaluation of the effectiveness of an array of common factors. These factors include the market risk premium, market value, book-to-market ratio, profitability, investment, momentum, and liquidity factors. Moreover, our inquiry extends beyond the conventional boundaries of the Fama-French three-factor and five-factor models. It introduces the pivotal elements of momentum and liquidity factors, effectively formulating an enriched model poised to offer a more robust framework for understanding and explaining returns. The discerned findings shed valuable light on the model configurations most apt for dissecting the excess returns exhibited within the sample stocks. Notably, the amalgamation of the three-factor model with the strategic incorporation of the liquidity factor emerges as the most comprehensive explanatory model for the observed excessive returns in the context of the Chinese A-share stock market. It is important to highlight that the introduction of the momentum factor, while explored, does not impart a significant augmentation in the model's capacity to clarify excess returns, a noteworthy departure from expectations within the Chinese A-share market. These insights not only advance our understanding of the Chinese financial landscape but also underscore the intricate dynamics at play in the realm of quantitative finance.
A Study on the Diversified and Integrated Business Model of Meta Theatre Script-killing Offline Shops
Authors: Lai Tingzhen
Published: January 2024

With the development of the times, young people are facing increasing pressure in their lives. The pressure they face is mainly composed of academic, financial, work and emotional pressure. According to the American psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943 in his Theory of human motivation, an article for the first time put forward the theory of the hierarchy of needs: human needs can be divided into five from low to high, respectively, physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs and self-actualization needs. Therefore, the emergence of script killing today not only represents young peoples need for socializing, releasing pressure and wanting to be entertained, but also represents the importance of socializing in society. This paper mainly discusses the current situation and problems in the operation and management of meta theatre script killing offline shops, analyses by adopting the SWOT method, and the data obtained from reviewing the literature. This paper finds that, in order to operate a good script-killing offline shops, meta theatre shop owners need to understand the complex and changing environment, identify the problems in their own development, and take precautions against possible problems that they can stand out from the many script-killing shops, thus achieve the profitable operations of meta theatre script-killing offline shops.
Portfolio Theory and COVID-19: A Quantitative Analysis of Investment Products
Authors: Lau William
Published: January 2024

This study examines the analysis of different investment products after the COVID-19 pandemic, using portfolio theory, with the aim of exploring an optimal investment allocation, assuming that investors are rational and that there are no other contingencies that could affect the upward or downward trend of the investment products. Risk may be quantified and varies in practice. Investment risks are higher for financial instruments with higher volatility, but potential gains and losses are also more significant. Therefore, a person must take more risks to get a larger return on investment, and taking more risks should be rewarded proportionally with higher returns. This research can create a preliminary investment portfolio by thoroughly calculating and analyzing the real situation of various investment goods and by assessing various assets using the portfolio theory.
Research analysis of data-driven submarine navigation adaptation zones based on factor analysis
Authors: Chen Qiaojun , Guang Jiahe , Zhang Lixing , Zhang Yiyang , Liu Sitong
Published: January 2024

The study of gravity anomaly adaptation zones holds significant importance in resource exploration, environmental studies, and marine development. This paper initially collected and preprocessed data on gravity anomalies, dividing them into 16 sub-regions. Subsequently, five statistical parameters of gravity field characteristicsstandard deviation, roughness, gradient, gravity entropy, and planar correlationwere introduced, and factor analysis was employed to compute scores for each area. Finally, MATLAB software was utilized to construct a three-dimensional distribution map of gravity anomaly values. The results indicate that factor analysis demonstrates promising applications in the research of data-driven submarine navigation adaptation zones.
A glimpse into Victor Papanek's "critical design theory" and its contemporary applications
Authors: Shi Jianing , Fang Zhiguo
Published: January 2024

Victor Papanek is a famous American designer, design educator and design theorist after the war. Among them, his "critical design theory" plays a crucial role in the formation of sustainable development and environmental protection concepts. In his controversial Designing for the Real World, he called on the American industrial design community to oppose commercial profit-oriented design and focus on the real needs of those ignored by designers. This article explains Papanek's "critical design theory" and his "three principles" of environmental protection, and then explains some of his own insights into this view, and finally constructs Papanek's responsibility framework for designers.
Optimizing the passenger flow for airport security check
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Meng Fanfei , Wang Xiaotian , Xie Chaoyu
Published: January 2024

Due to the necessary security for the airport and flight, passengers are required to have strict security check before getting aboard. However, there are frequent complaints of wasting huge amount of time while waiting for the security check. This paper presents a potential solution aimed at optimizing gate setup procedures specifically tailored for Chicago OHare International Airport. By referring to queueing theory and performing Monte Carlo simulations, we propose an approach to significantly diminish the average waiting time to a more manageable level. Additionally, our study meticulously examines and identifies the influential factors contributing to this optimization, providing a comprehensive understanding of their impact.
siguiente paso de la Ciencia Paraguaya: el diseño e implementación de las políticas públicas basadas en evidencias científicas
Authors: Génez Báez Fredy
Published: January 2024

El pasado 16 de octubre, el Presidente de la República del Paraguay designó a los 14 consejeros titularescon sus respectivos suplentes representando a las distintas instancias, tanto del sector público como delprivado, para integrar el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) por un periodo de 2 años. ElConsejo, salvando las distancias y de modo metafórico, es una suerte de “Parlamento Científico Nacional”y tiene algunas atribuciones como: la de formular y proponer al Gobierno Nacional las políticas nacionalesy estrategias de ciencia, tecnología e innovación y de calidad para el país, así como asesorar en materiacientífica a todos los Poderes del Estado.
INCREMENTO DEL PRECIO DEL COMBUSTIBLE Y EL EFECTO EN LOS AGRONEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES EFECTUADOS POR LA COOPERATIVA DE PRODUCTORES DE LECHE “LA HOLANDA LTDA.” PERIODO 2020 – 2022.
Authors: Barrozo Vázquez Laura Jazmín , Reyen Cañete Leticia Raquel
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de estudio de esta investigación es analizar el “Incremento del precio del combustible y el efecto en los agronegociosinternacionales efectuados por la cooperativa de productores de leche “La Holanda Ltda.” dentro del periodo 2020 al 2022”La investigación presenta un enfoque cualitativo- monográfico, tipo descriptivo-longitudinal, realizada en parte a través deun trabajo de campo por medio de la aplicación de la entrevista al encargado del área comercial de la empresa y la encuestaa través de recolección de datos a una muestra conformada por dieciséis trabajadores. Los resultados más relevantes ante elanálisis de la suba del combustible determinó que la empresa se vió afectada en el aumento de los costos finales del producto, asícomo también en el aumento de los costos propios de cada departamento, y en el aumento de frecuencia de auditorías internasdestinada a controlar el uso apropiado del combustible, sin embargo, no generó problemas de abastecimiento, ni tuvieron querecurrir a cambio de proveedor alguno y tampoco generó disminución en el rendimiento de los departamentos.
EFECTO DE LA ECONOMÍA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE PERSONAS CON DIABETES MELLITUS EN LOS USUARIOS DE LA USF DE MBOCAYATY- ÑEMBY PARAGUAY, DE DICIEMBRE 2021 A SEPTIEMBRE 2022
Authors: Peralta Olga , Delvalle Ninfa , Del Padre Laura , Báez Michel
Published: January 2024

La economía es fundamental para el tratamiento de la diabetes, ya que sin ella las personas no sabrían cómo administrar susingresos y de esta forma satisfacer sus necesidades de manera eficaz. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer el efecto quetiene la economía en el tratamiento de personas con diabetes mellitus en los usuarios de la USF Mbocayaty de diciembre 2021 aseptiembre 2022. Tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y de corte transversal.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Meningkatkan Brand Awareness pada Akun @photose.id
Authors: Meivanda Renna Maya , Zuhri Saifuddin
Published: January 2024

Self-photo studio Photose merupakan sebuah bisnis baru dalam bidang fotografi pertama di Surabaya sebelum akhirnya bisnis kompetitor mulai bermunculan. Photose menjalankan strategi komunikasi pemasarannya yakni salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram sekaligus agar dapat bersaing dengan bisnis kompetitor tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Instagram dalam meningkatkan brand awareness akun Instagram @photose.id melalui penggunaan fitur-fitur di dalamnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori AISAS untuk mencari tahu apakah penggunaan fitur-fitur yang digunakan oleh @photose.id sudah optimal dilihat dari jawaban para informan pendukung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa @photose.id dalam memanfaatkan Instagram melalui fitur-fiturnya cenderung optimal hanya pada beberapa fitur saja, seperti stories dan posts. Beberapa aspek perlu ditingkatkan lagi seperti penggunaan fitur reels dan desain visual konten pada feeds yang perlu ditata lebih rapi.
Major factors for the effectiveness of apical endodontic microsurgery: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Lourenço , Bersaneti Letycia Santos , Castro Fábio Pereira Linhares de
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Apical endodontic microsurgery is a technique developed by the evolution of traditional apical endodontic surgery approaches and technologies. This enhancement was possible since the introduction of equipment like cone beam computed tomography, microscope, ultrasonic instruments, and biocompatibility root-end material filling, increasing the predictability and long-term success rates and survival of teeth. Objective: It explored and developed the main factors for the effectiveness of apical endodontic microsurgery. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from October to December 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 118 articles were found, 43 articles were evaluated in full and 36 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=57.5%<50%. It was concluded that the success of apical endodontic surgery in terms of healing existing periapical pathology, together with a good long-term prognosis, depends on correct diagnosis and planning, as well as the association of surgical techniques, well-executed protocols, and biocompatible materials. The apical endodontic microsurgical approach is predictable and has a high success rate, which resulted from the introduction of cone beam computed tomography, microscope, ultrasonic instruments, and materials such as MTA and bioceramics for retro-fillings.
A trip down memory lane: Sustaining collective memory through old shophouses in Jalan Mendaling Kajang, Selangor
Authors: Sukri S , Sukhairy NEN , Radzuan AW , Jabar NA , Hasbullah SW , Zain MZM , Hapiz HY , Latef ASA , Ibrahim Y
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on the adaptive reuse of old shophouses in Jalan Mendaling Kajang, Selangor. The city’s modern development has caused some old shophouses to be abandoned and demolished. Some of them have been renovated to lose their heritage value. This study aims to understand the form of adaptive reuse of shophouses in Jalan Mendaling Kajang and to measure the community’s perception of the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings in preserving their collective memory through heritage values, a sense of belongingness, and sustainability. This study used a mixed-method approach, combining a qualitative and quantitative analysis to provide research rigour. The quantitative data collection was conducted through a survey in the form of questionnaires given randomly to 386 respondents. The sampling selection was determined using Krecjie Morgan’s table. Meanwhile, the qualitative data collection involves an interview session with several informants from the professionals of Kajang Municipal Council, the premises owners, and the local community. Direct observation of shophouses in Jalan Mendaling Kajang was also conducted. In the meantime, the qualitative data were analysed using six steps thematic analysis by Clarke and Braun, whereas the quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) using descriptive analysis. The result highlights the role of the old shophouses in preserving the community’s collective memories of the past, which evokes their sense of identity and belongingness and eventually promotes heritage sustainability. This research contributes as a reference for the adaptive reuse of old shophouses in preserving and conserving old shophouses in the future in connecting the community’s identities and sense of belongingness through collective memories of the past.
Accounting students’ perspective of learning law course
Authors: Khan Hanna Ambaras
Published: January 2024

Law subject is not exclusive to law students only. There are many faculties that offer law subjects to the students. In terms of teaching and learning law, there are a few methods such as lectures, drafting, and case study. However, teaching law to non-law students needs creativity. The non-law student’s perception of law subject is important to develop interest in the learning process. Most non-law students thought law was difficult and uninteresting. Hence, there is a need to revise the method of teaching and learning to attract students’ attention and interest and to change their perception of learning law subjects. The objective of this research is to study the change in the accounting students as non-law students’ perspective in learning law using a mix of conventional and revised methods, and whether there is any change in their perception. This paper adopts a qualitative research method to collect data. The findings of the research show that a mix of conventional traditional, and revised methods changed students’ perspectives about learning law subjects. The mixed method is seen as fun and suitable for accounting students to learn law. It is suggested to have many other activities created as assessment methods in teaching law to accounting students.
Report of the 13th Annual Conference of the Worldwide Airports Lawyers Association (WALA), in Paris, France, on 28-30 June 2023
Authors: Deng Haoyue (Luna)
Published: January 2024

The 13th Worldwide Airports Lawyers Association (WALA) Annual Conference (WALA is a global association that unites airport lawyers, aviation industry professionals, and stakeholders to collaborate, share knowledge, and address legal issues in the field of airport law. See further, https://abiaxair.com/wala2023/links.php), splendidly hosted by Groupe Aéroports de Paris (ADP), https://www.parisaeroport.fr/en/homepage-group convened on 28–30 June 2023 in the enchanting city of Paris. The three-day event featured a diverse agenda including the Pre-conference Seminar dedicated to airport commercialization, the Airport Law Conference replete with fourteen different sessions, and a momentous addition – the First Urban Air Mobility Legal Forum. Through intellectually stimulating exchanges, WALA XIII paved the way for a future of airport law in support of a sustainable, innovative, and robust civil aviation sector.

Conference report, WALA, Worldwide Airport, Lawyers Association
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Outer Space Patents
Authors: Aggarwal Ambika , Sircar Anindya
Published: January 2024

Investment in space technologies has predominantly been a prerogative of the public sector. Now increasing privatization and commercialization of space markets is creating opportunities to develop new space applications. The potential to commercially leverage intellectual property is a motivating factor behind this private financing and plays a key role in helping private companies secure returns on investment. International space law treaties remain silent on the notion of intellectual property and intellectual property treaties lay heavy emphasis on territorial application of patent law, thereby creating a theoretical disconnect. Legal machinery drafted for activities on board the International Space Station (ISS) and the US Patents in Space Act serve as good starting points in bridging the gap between patents and space law by advancing the concept of quasi-territoriality. However, in doing so, they expose the space-patent market to possibilities of forum shopping, flags of convenience and race to the bottom scenarios. Lack of a reliable legal regime to address issues of patent infringement can negatively influence the future development of the space sector. The resolution to this problem is a new international legal framework that establishes uniform conditions for enforcement of space-based patents.

outer space, patents, space commercialization, extra-terrestrial jurisdiction
The Charter of Fundamental Rights and EU Tax Directives
Authors: Stöber Michael
Published: January 2024

In Germany, it is undisputed that the fundamental rights of the German constitution, the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), set limits for tax legislation at the national level. It has not yet been fully clarified whether and to what extent legal acts of the European legislator in the field of taxation must be measured against the standard of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (CFR). In a ground-breaking ruling of 8 December 2022 (C-694/20), the CJEU has now affirmed this in relation to Directive (EU) 2018/822, which provides for an EU-wide reporting obligation with regard to cross-border tax arrangements. The CJEU declared a specific provision of the said directive invalid due to a violation of the fundamental right under Article 7 CFR to respect for private communications. This paper sets out the far-reaching consequences of the CJEU’s ruling for the directive in question in particular, and for EU tax directives in general.

communication between lawyer and client, cross-border tax arrangements, DAC 6, duty of confidentiality, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, EU tax directives, fundamental freedoms, intermediaries, reporting obligation, right to free exercise of one’s profession
The Important Role of Emergence in Conceptualizing the Challenges of New Technologies to Private Law
Authors: Esayas Samson
Published: January 2024

Consider the following legal quandaries: a victim of a wrongdoing without a perpetrator, a work of art without an author, or the possibility that the sum of legally compliant behaviours give rise to non-compliance. Welcome to the world of emergence in law.

The concept of emergent properties is central to systems thinking. It is commonly expressed as ‘the whole is more than the sum of its parts’ where the ‘whole’ represents the ‘emergent property’. This concept helps us understand how complexity emerges and allows systems engineers to look beyond the properties of individual components of a system and understand the system as a complex whole. In practice, this way of thinking militates against two kinds of fallacies: the fallacy of composition and the fallacy of division. The former occurs when one wrongfully attributes the properties of the component parts to the system as a whole whereas the latter arises when one wrongfully attributes the properties of the system as a whole to component parts.

I argue that emergence provides an overarching framework to explain the challenges that technological developments associated with big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics pose for different domains of private law, including privacy, data protection, Intellectual Property (IP), and tort laws. By creating new objects, possibilities for new action and new relationships, changes associated with the above technologies encourage the formation of emergent properties, which in turn pose attribution challenges for these legal domains. Two attribution challenges are particularly noteworthy. If we fail to address them properly, they may lead to the fallacies of composition and/or division.

Further, emergence may help explain some of the regulatory responses and suggestions provoked by changes associated with the above technologies. For example, emergence and the desire to avoid the fallacy of division can explain suggestions to grant AI systems some form of legal (electronic) personhood and thereby bestow legal responsibility or entitlement on them. Thus, one way the law might usefully adapt during times of technological change would be by taking emergence seriously. This includes recognizing the possibility that the sum of fully complaint behaviours may create behaviour that is not compliant or not in the spirit of the law. Taking emergence seriously would also include being open to the prospect of a harm or legal entitlement existing without a perpetrator or a right-holder and finding new ways to address this prospect.
From Consumer Credit to Consumer Credits? Merits and Flaws of the 2008/48/EC Directive’s Reform Proposal
Authors: Morello Filippo
Published: January 2024

European consumer credit law is at a crossroads. The modest effectiveness and the increasing obsolescence of the 2008/48/EC (European Community) Directive’s legal toolkit have convinced the EU (European Union) policymaker to take action to ensure better protection for borrowing consumers. The Commission’s Proposal for a Directive on consumer credits, released in June 2021 and now on the verge of the final approval, is a promising attempt to strengthen and update the legal framework. The Proposal sets forth stringent responsible lending obligations, tailored business conduct rules, and revisited scope and definitions to encompass previously excluded credit services. The present work critically engages with the reform’s rationale and contents. The Proposal presents itself as the long-awaited modernization of consumer credit that catches up with digitization and newly emerged credit markets. This paper shows that the most significant merit of the reform draft is the attempt to implement the principle of responsible lending in unsecured consumer credit. This is mainly – but not exclusively – achieved through aligning the Directive with other pieces of EU regulation on credit and financial markets. On a different note, the paper argues that the extension of the Directive’s reach to crowdfunding, as conducted without sufficient adaptation of the substantive rules, came with the risk of legal loopholes and ambiguities in one of the most innovative and elusive domains of financialization. The partial reconsideration of this extension in the latest versions of the Proposal is therefore less criticisable than it appears at first glance.
The Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Origin, Hazardous Effects and Possible Biological Solutions: A Review
Authors: Yap How Swen , Yasid Nur Adeela
Published: January 2024

This review explores the escalating issue of marine microplastic pollution, a consequence of the extensive use of high molecular weight polymers in various industries. It delves into the origins, types, and environmental impacts of microplastics, particularly focusing on primary and secondary forms found in marine ecosystems. The study highlights the significant role of microplastics in global plastic production and their contribution to marine pollution, exacerbated by poor waste management and environmental factors. The review also examines the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on marine life, noting species-specific responses ranging from physical blockages to chemical toxicity, often worsened by the interaction with other pollutants. Furthermore, it discusses innovative biological approaches for microplastic remediation, including the potential roles of microorganisms and certain marine and land animals in degrading or accumulating microplastics. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the urgent need for effective waste management strategies, recycling efforts, and sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, aiming to balance industrial and consumer demands with environmental conservation and address the critical issue of marine microplastic pollution.
What Should We Understand from PISA 2022 Results?
Authors: İDİL Şahin , GÜLEN Salih , DÖNMEZ İsmail
Published: January 2024

In this study, PISA 2022 results, which were held in 81 countries in 2022, have been evaluated within the scope of the courses included. In this context, a projection has been made on the PISA 2022 results consisting of sections in mathematics, science and reading comprehension. Besides, the factors that are efficient on results of the tests have also been tried to be evaluated within some criteria. It has been found that the importance of extra help carried out by teachers, using remote devices and platforms, socio-economic status and spoken language at home are still significant factors on test scores. It is recommended, for countries whose science, mathematics and reading scores are under the OECD average, to use new digital based-technologies and providing students to access to education with the required help can help them increase PISA scores.
Xây dựng quy trình định lượng arbutin trong kem làm trắng da bằng phương pháp sắc kí lỏng hiệu năng cao
Authors: Thành Từ Minh
Published: January 2024

Arbutin được xem như là tiêu chuẩn vàng trong lĩnh vực dược mĩ phẩm với cơ chế tác động an toàn nên được sử dụng nhiều trong các chế phẩm kem làm trắng da. Tuy nhiên chưa ghi nhận thấy các nghiên cứu về xây dựng quy trình định lượng arbutin ở Việt Nam nên nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm mục đích khảo sát các điều kiện sắc kí và xây dựng quy trình định lượng hoạt chất arbutin bằng phương pháp sắc kí lỏng hiệu năng cao với đầu dò dãy diod quang. Hệ sắc kí được chọn với cột sắc kí LiChrospher® 100 RP-18 (25 cm ´ 4 mm ´ 5 µm); đầu dò PDA đặt trong dải bước sóng từ 190 – 800 nm, lấy sắc kí đồ ở 283 nm; pha động H2O:ACN (80:20); tốc độ dòng 0,5 mL/phút, thể tích tiêm mẫu 40 mL; không gia nhiệt cho cột. Quy trình định lượng được thẩm định đạt tính tương thích hệ thống, tính đặc hiệu, tính tuyến tính, độ đúng và độ chính xác; LOD và LOQ đạt yêu cầu theo Hướng dẫn nội dung và phương pháp của Hội nghị Hài hòa Quốc tế (International Conference on Harmonization – ICH). Nghiên cứu đã xây dựng thành công quy trình định lượng arbutin và có thể ứng định để phân tích các loại kem làm trắng da có chứa arbutin trên thị trường.

® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
ASSESSMENT OF KARAMUSTAFA GOLD-BEARING Zn-Pb MINE (GÜMÜŞHANE, TÜRKİYE) AREA IN TERMS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY
Authors: VURAL Alaaddin , KAYA Ali
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the environmental effects of natural and artificial radioactivity contents, especially in the context of medical geology of base metal-containing mineral deposits. In the study, artificial/anthropogenic (137Cs) and natural (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) radioactivity levels in the soil of the Karamustafa gold-bearing Zn-Pb-(±Cu) mining area, one of the important mines of Gümüşhane (NE Türkiye), were determined and evaluated. In order to determine the natural and artificial radioactivity of the mining area, 9 soil samples were collected from different parts of the field, taking into account the geological and alteration characteristics of the field. 232Th, 226Ra and 40K activities of the samples prepared according to the relevant laboratory procedures were determined by the gamma-ray spectrometry, and the artificial radioactivity values of 137Cs were also measured. As a result of the study, it was determined that the 40K and 226Ra average activities of the Karamustafa gold-bearing Zn-Pb-(±Cu) mining area exceeded the world averages in most sampling points, while the 232Th activities were above the world averages at some sampling points. It has been determined that the artificial/human-derived 137Cs radioisotope values in the field are remarkably high. Considering the major radio indices calculated for the field, it was determined that the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate indices of the mine site exceeded the relevant threshold values. When all the data obtained from the field were evaluated together, it was concluded that the mine field needed detailed study in the context of radiation risk.
Conductas de riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y de la ingesta y su relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales
Authors: Muñoz Patiño Jhonatan , Delgado Reyes Andrés Camilo , Aguirre Aldana Lorena , Sanchez Lopez Jessica Valeria
Published: January 2024

En el presente estudio buscamos identificar el porcentaje de estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales que presentan conductas de riesgo para desarrollar un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y de la ingesta (TCAI) y determinar su correlación con el nivel de interferencia en el rendimiento académico. Estudio conformado por 946 estudiantes de tres programas académicos de la Universidad de Manizales. Los hallazgos mostraron un 28.7% de estudiantes con conductas de riesgo para desarrollar un TCAI, evidenciándose un valor mayor (36.1%) de éstas en estudiantes del programa de Comunicación Social y Periodismo. Así mismo, encontramos un nivel de interferencia alto en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes con conductas de riesgo para desarrollar un TCAI del programa de medicina y psicología en comparación con quienes no presentaban estas conductas. No se encontraron diferencias en estudiantes de Comunicación Social y Periodismo. Concluimos que las conductas de riesgo para presentar un TCAI son frecuentes en la población estudiantil universitaria, asociándose con un nivel de afectación alto en el rendimiento académico, pero de forma diferencial por facultades. Se necesitan programas académicos que desarrollen estrategias que mitiguen dicho riesgo y la posibilidad de deserción universitaria.
Association of First-trimester Placental Thickness by Ultrasound and the Risk of Preeclampsia or Small Gestational Age
Authors: Alkafrawy Sara Ibrahim , Emam Abdelrahman Ali Hassan , Midan Mahmoud Farouk
Published: January 2024

Introduction and aim: Placenta play a crucial role in normal fetal development. Any deviation from normal could firstly affect placenta and subsequently represented on the fetus. Thus, different placental measurements could be used as predictors for complicated pregnancy. The current work was designed to examine the potential association between maximum placental thickness in the first-trimester and the subsequent risk of preeclampsia or the risk of the delivery of small for gestational age neonate

Methodology: This study included 150 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy. All women were assessed by full medical history and physical examination. Clinical examination preceded the routine laboratory investigations. Finally, an ultrasound was performed and repeated each weak from 11 to 14 gestational weeks to determine crown-lump length and measure maximum placental thickness. All females were followed till delivery, with documentation of preeclampsia development and/or delivered a small for gestational age (SGA) neonate.

Results: We excluded 4 women from the study due to abortion.  Preeclampsia with preterm delivery recorded for 5 females, preeclampsia without preterm delivery developed in13 females, preeclampsia with SGA (5 females) and SGA among 7 females; and 116 non-complicated pregnancies. Cesarean delivery was performed for 80 females (54.8%). There was significant progressive increase of maximum placental thickness (MPT) from the 11th to the 14th weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia was associated with significant increase of MPT, while SGA was associated with significant reduction of it. The area under the curve was more than 0.7. For preeclampsia, the sensitivity was 88.89% at cutoff value > 1.0; while for SGA, the sensitivity was 100.0% at cutoff value ≤0.94.

Conclusion: Maximum placental thickness at 11 to 14 weeks provides a good predictive power for development of preeclampsia and delivery of small for gestational age. This permits early therapeutic intervention.
PELATIHAN PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN SISTEM TAKAKURA PADA SISWA MA DARUL ULUM WARU
Authors: Tamyiz Muchammad , Hamidah Laily Noer , Rahmayanti Ardhana , Fitrianah Listin , Widiyanti Atik , Octavia Lily , Hakim Luqman
Published: January 2024

The existence of waste in the environment, especially household waste needs to be addressed by waste management using a simple method, namely waste sorting. The training in this community service aims to: (1) Increase the knowledge of the community of Kedung Sumur Village regarding household waste management. (2) Empowering the community in sorting household waste. The target audience of PPM activities is Mr. and Housewives in Kedungsumur Village as many as 35 people. The PPM activity method uses the lecture method and question and answer discussion. The steps of PPM activities are lectures to explain the concept of the environment, classification of waste, types of organic waste, types of inorganic waste, examples of sorted waste bins. To measure the level of understanding, questionnaire analysis was carried out by the participants. Overall service activities can be said to be good and successful, seen from the success of the target number of trainees (> 100%), the activeness of participants in discussion sessions (> 50%), and the ability of participants in mastering the material seen from the results of the questionnaire, where > 80% participants successfully answered correctly > 5 questions for each category of questions.
PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT BAGI NELAYAN NAMBANGAN KELURAHAN KEDUNG COWEK KECAMATAN BULAK “PENYULUHAN PERAWATAN MESIN KAPAL NELAYAN”
Authors: Syamsuri  , Ulum Miftahul , Setyono Bambang , Suheni  , Khusna Dwi , Setyono Gatot , Noerpamoengkas Ardi , P Desmas Arifianto , S Vuri Ayu , I Ahmad Yusuf , Irawan Hery , M Hasan Syafik
Published: January 2024

Fishing at sea is part of the livelihood of coastal communities. In the sea conditions there are a lot of obstacles experienced by fishermen, one of which is when the engine experiences lose compression which causes the engine to die so that fishermen will find it difficult to change positions or if they want to land. For this reason, this community service done to help the fishermen in knowing the symptoms and disturbance experienced by the engines that they use on the ship by taking care as well as maintenance that will be done when they encounter problems. The coastal community of nambangan is one of the economic centers in the marine sector that produces a variety of processed seafood both food and decoration located in Surabaya. From field observations and direct interviews with the head of the local fishing community, there were three focusses aspects of this community service program, namely the engine problems, troubleshooting, and the engine maintenance. The counseling, was hoped that the fishermen will be able to understand and maintenance the condition of their ship's engine in order to minimize obstacles when they are at sea. And also to increase their sea products food and processed seafood products in order to meet consumer demand.
Pengolahan Mie Kering Tersubstitusi Tepung Mangrove Sebagai Diversifikasi Produk UMKM SOMANO Surabaya di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sarofa Ulya , Agung Wicaksono Luqman
Published: January 2024

SOMANO MSMEs are MSMEs (Micro, Small and) Medium Enterprises) engaged in food and beverages made from mangrove fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris). SOMANO MSMEs are very potential because they are located close to the location of Mangrove Ecotourism Surabaya. However, the covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the declining number of Mangrove ecotourism tourists, which also led to a decrease in sales of SOMANO MSMEs. During this time MSMEs SOMANO is more focused on making liquid mangrove processed in the form of mangrove syrup. To increase sales during the covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to diversify products, especially healthy functional products that can generally improve health. Mangrove flour has a high enough dietary fiber component that can improve digestive health which indirectly can also increase the body's overall immunity. Mangrove flour-subtitling dry noodle products were chosen as diversification of SOMANO MSME products, because previously these MSMEs did not have the type of products in the form of dry noodles. In addition, dry noodles are a type of food that is quite popular by the people of Indonesia so that it is expected to boost the sales of SOMANO MSMEs during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Therefore, it is considered necessary to carry out PIHAT community service program (Grant application of research results for the community) based on innovation of mangrove flour processed products as product diversification. The purpose of PIHAT community service activities is: increasing the knowledge and skills of SOMANO MSMEs, especially their owners and employees in processing mangrove flour into dry noodle processed products and introducing good ways of packaging and marketing products so as to increase product sales. The methods that will be used are extension and training on processing dried noodles substituted mangrove flour and packaging and marketing. At the end of the training activity, donated tools in the form of noodle makers and food cabinet dryers that are expected to help MSME owners in producing mangrove noodles.
Reaktor Fitoremidiasi sebagai Pengolah Limbah Cair Tekstil di Kampung Batik Jetis, Kelurahan Lemahputro, Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Afkar Khilyatul , Khoiriyah Layyinatul , Khoiriyah Miftahul , Rahayu Primayanti Siti , Gofur Mohamad , Surul Chasanah Putri2 Intan , Yusuf Musthofa Maschan , Lindawati Amallia , Nurmala Aida , Septianto Andre , Putri Rahayu Dwi , Fitrianah1 Listin , Hakim Luqman
Published: January 2024

Batik is one of Indonesia's cultural treasures that is popular and worldwide. However, behind the manufacturing process, batik creates textile liquid waste that requires processing because it contains hazardous substances. Kampung Batik Jetis Sidoarjo is one of the locations for batik craftsmen in Indonesia. Textile liquid waste contains a lot of hazardous substances such as dyes, heavy metals, and suspended solids. On average, textile wastewater in Indonesia contains 750 mg/l suspended solids and 500 mg/l BOD. Comparison of COD:BOD is in the range of 1.5:1 to 3:1. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly method that is widely used to treat waste. Water hyacinth is a phytoremediator plant used in this activity because it has the ability to absorb pollutants that are cheap and easy to find. Phytoremediation reactor is used to assist the process of Phytoremediation. This activity aims to educate the people of Kampung Batik Jetis in processing textile liquid waste and being able to build a phytoremediation reactor. The benefits obtained are that the hazardous substances in textile wastewater are reduced and are safely disposed of in water bodies. The results obtained in this activity are increasing the knowledge of the people of Kampung Jetis in processing textile liquid waste using a Phytoremediation reactor.