bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyol synthesis of Ag nanowires and biocidal activity of the obtained product
Authors: Kurajica Stanislav , Vuković Domanovac Marija , Mužina Katarina
Published: December 2023

Silver nanowires were prepared by the polyol process with ethylene glycol as a solvent and reducing agent, silver nitrate as a silver source, polyvinylpyrrolidone as a growth-directing agent, stabilizer and agglomeration prevention agent, and copper chloride as a growth control agent. The product was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The biocidal activity of silver nanowires was investigated using the disc diffusion method on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that, in addition to silver nanowires, the product also contains quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles and some silver chloride. Based on the results of UV–Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, it was estimated that the diameter of the nanowires is 200–300 nm. Nanowires have shown weak bactericidal and good fungicidal activity. Silver nanowires showed particularly good activity in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.
Characterization of tea water extracts and their utilization for dyeing and functionalization of fabrics of different chemical compositions
Authors: Pavun Leposava , Stojanović Danijela , Ivanovska Aleksandra , Lađarević Jelena , Milenković Marina , Uskoković-Marković Snežana
Published: December 2023

Green, black, rooibos, and hibiscus tea (GT, BT, RT, and HT) aqueous extracts were prepared and characterized in terms of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. BT has the highest, while HT has the lowest TFC (1213 vs. 415 mg l–1), while the extracts’ TPCs (2283 – 7251 mg l–1) decreased in the following order: BT > GT > RT > HT. Their antioxidant activities of 78.1 – 93.1% and 97.8 – 100% were determined according to DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. BT and especially GT aqueous extracts possessed mild effects against several microorganisms. All examined extracts have an affinity for dyeing wool, cellulose acetate, polyamide, and cotton, which is proven by the color strength values of 1.65–19.12. Wool, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide, cotton, and cellulose acetate functionalized with GT aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while polyacrylonitrile and cotton also inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, and C. albicans, respectively. Wide inhibition zones for S. aureus were observed for fabrics functionalized with BT aqueous extract. Generally, the investigated fabrics showed very high (81.60 – 100%) ABTS radical scavenging ability independent of the extract used. TPCs have good linear correlations with the antioxidant activities of wool and polyacrylonitrile determined by the DPPH method. Fabrics with different chemical compositions dyed and/or functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extracts can be used to produce high-value-added medical textiles with therapeutic, prophylactic, and protective functions. They can find potential applications in wound treatment, especially in skin wounds that are susceptible to infection with S. aureus. Moreover, wool and cotton functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extract can also be considered for use in disposable medical textiles like bandages and gauze used in the wound-healing process.
Single-step, electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/gentamicin coating for biomedical applications
Authors: Jaćimović Nevena , Djošić Marija , Jankovic Ana , Grujić Svetlana , Matić Bujagić Ivana , Stojanović Jovica , Vukašinović-Sekulić Maja , Kojić Vesna , Mišković-Stanković Vesna
Published: December 2023

Biocomposite hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/gentamicin coatings were fabricated on titanium by electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) from an aqueous suspension using the constant voltage method.  Characterization of the deposited coatings was performed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission (FE–SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. The concentration of the released gentamicin was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS). The release profile confirmed an initial “burst-release effect” with ~ 30% of gentamicin released in the first 48 h, which could be of assistance in the prevention of biofilm formation. Antibacterial activity was proven by the agar diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus TL and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity was tested by the dye exclusion test (DET) on MRC-5 and L929 fibroblast cell lines, with both coatings expressing nontoxicity. The results showed the high applicability potential of a  poly(vinyl alcohol)-based biocomposite coating for medical purposes.
The influence of different yeast strains and yeast nutrients on the aroma of Krstač and Žižak wines
Authors: Madžgalj Valerija , Petrović Aleksandar , Tešević Vele , Anđelković Boban , Sofrenić Ivana
Published: December 2023

Krstač and Žižak are autochthonous grape varieties grown in Montenegro. Although international varieties are more popular, the autochthonous varieties are very important, especially for countries developing tourism. The fermentation aromas produced during alcoholic fermentation contribute significantly to wine quality. The effects of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus) and yeast nutrients (Fermaid E and Fermaid O) on aromatic compounds in wines were investigated. Using GC/FID-MS analysis, aroma compounds in Krstač and Žižak wines were characterized and quantified. Wines produced with the addition of yeast and yeast nutrients had mostly lower total alcohol content than wines obtained by spontaneous fermentation of Krstač and Žižak varieties. The results of this study showed that the concentration of compounds depends on the yeast strains. The yeast S. cerevisiae (ICV) provided a higher content of higher alcohols, while S. bayanus produced a higher concentration of esters and (medium chain) fatty acids. Total ester content ranged from 3.34 to 11.97 mg/l for Krstač wines and 8.51 to 13.68 mg/l for Žižak wines. Among all wines, Krstač and Žižak wines produced with S. bayanus and Fermaid E addition had the highest concentration of total esters. The yeast nutrients Fermaid E and O emphasized different characteristics of the yeasts. They had a statistically significant effect on the content of ethyl and acetate esters. The highest overall scores were obtained for ICVE and BayE Krstač wines (18.1 out of 20 points) and Žižak ICVE wine (18.2 out of 20 points).
Voltammetric biosensors based on metallic nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts: A short overview of recent achievements
Authors: Gulaboski Rubin , Lazarova Sanja , Kokoskarova Pavlinka , Joveva Elena
Published: December 2023

Since the last decade of the 20th century, many scientific disciplines have heavily relied on materials with nanometer dimensions. Nanomaterials are already integrated into numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including the delivery of active substances to specific targets within the body. This has been demonstrated by their contribution to the containment of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Graphene, silver, gold, and other nanoparticles possess exceptional physical and chemical properties, including increased thermal stability, improved conductivity, and the capacity to host various organic substrates on their surface area. In the past 20 years, a significant field of nanoparticle synthesis has emerged, where eco-friendly reducing agents found in numerous plant species are used. This brief review focuses on the outstanding performance of metallic nanoparticles synthesized using "green methods" in designing voltammetric biosensors. The major goal of this short review is to highlight some of the latest electrochemical advances in exploring metallic nano-systems obtained via phytosynthesis from plant extracts, covering the most notable achievements in the design of amperometric and voltammetric biosensors.
Şâfiî Mezhebinde Örf ve Âdetin Yeri ve Kaynak Değeri
Authors: ASLAN Mehmet Selim
Published: December 2023

Hukukun sosyal hayata uyumunu sağlayan örf ve âdet usul kurallarının belirlenmesi ve fıkhî meselelere çözümler sunması noktasında başvurulması gereken sosyal normdur. Zira örf ve âdete dayanan hükümlerin kamu tarafından benimsenmesi ve uygulanması daha kolaydır. Şâfiî mezhebinde fıkhın temel kaynakları Kitap, sünnet, icmâ ve kıyastan ibaret olsa da hakkında bu kaynaklarda bilgi bulunmayan fıkhî meselelerde karine olarak örf ve âdetin dikkate alındığını gösteren fıkhî çözümler bulunmaktadır. Ancak mezhepte örf ve âdete büyük önem atfedildiği halde usul eserlerinde icmâ ve kıyas gibi müstakil bir delil olarak ele alınmamış ve fıkhın delilleri arasında yeri ve sınırları derli toplu bir şekilde belirlenmemiştir. Şâfiîler örf ve âdet hakkında bir metodoloji geliştirmemişler, ancak onları hem usulde hem fürûda aktif bir şekilde kullanmışlardır. Bu nedenle fıkhî meseleleri çözüme kavuşturmak açısından örf ve âdetin kaynak değeri ile ilgili Şâfiî usulcülerin görüşlerinin analiz edilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Önemine binaen çalışmada Şâfiîler’in örf ve âdetin kaynak değeri ile ilgili görüşlerini konu edindik. Çalışma boyunca İmâm Şâfiî’den itibaren Şâfiî usulcü ve fakihlerin görüşlerini analiz edip detaylı bir şekilde inceledik. Böylece konuyla ilgili görüşleri analitik yöntemle değerlendirdik ve Şâfiîler’in konuyla ilgili görüşlerini belirledik. Şâfiî mezhebinde örfün kaynak değeri ile ilgili görüşleri konu edindiğimiz bu çalışmada “örf ve âdet”in mahiyeti ve kapsamını, fıkhî meselelerde kaynak gösterilmesi, klasik dönem Şâfiî fakihlerin konuyla ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymayı, örf ve âdeti fıkhî meseleleri çözüme kavuşturmak bakımından incelemeyi ve Şâfiî mezhebinde örf ile âdeti teorik bir temele oturtmayı amaç edindik. Çalışmada fıkhın daha kolay bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi noktasında önemli bir rol oynayan örf ve âdetin Şâfiî mezhebinde karine olarak dikkate alındığı sonucuna vardık.
Cemâleddin el-Konevî'nin Namazda Ellerin Kaldırılması Meselesine Dair Risalesi
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Adem
Published: December 2023

İlk dönemlerden itibaren ulema arasında ihtilafa neden olan rükûya giderken ve rükûdan doğrulurken ellerin kaldırılması meselesi, 8./14. asrın ortalarına doğru Şam ve Mısır bölgelerinde dönemin önde gelen Hanefî fakihlerinden Kıvâmüddîn Emîr Kâtib el-İtkânî tarafından tekrar gündeme getirilmiştir. Ellerin kaldırılmasının hükmüyle ilgili tartışma nihayetinde Hanefî birinin Şâfiî imama uyup uyamayacağı noktasında farklı bir meseleye evrilmiştir. İtkânî, Hanefî mezhebinin esas görüşü olduğunu iddia ettiği, rükûya giderken ve rükûdan doğrulurken ellerin kaldırılması durumunda namazın bozulacağı görüşünü ileri sürerek, Hanefî birinin Şâfiî imama uyamayacağını savunmuş, buna dair görüşlerini ve dayandığı delilleri içeren bir risale kaleme almıştır. Dönemin önde gelen Hanefî fakihlerinden Cemâleddîn el-Konevî ve Şâfiî fakihi Tâkiyyüddîn es-Sübkî ise İtkânî’ye reddiye olarak birer risale yazmışlardır. Bunlardan Cemâleddin el-Konevî, telif ettiği eserinde İtkânî’nin ileri sürdüğü görüş ve dayandığı delilleri tahlil etmiş, bunları naklî ve aklî olarak tenkide tâbi tutmuştur. Müellif daha sonra muteber ve mutemed Hanefî kaynaklarına müracaat ederek mezhebin esas görüşünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada müellifin konuyla ilgili yaklaşımı ele alınacak ve akabinde de risalesinin tahkikli neşri gerçekleştirilecektir.
KLL Olgularında NOTCH1 Gen Amplifikasyonu
Authors: IŞIK Sevgi , GÜNDEN Gülçin , OGUZ DAVUTOGLU Nur , ÖZEN Hülya , ERZURUMLUOĞLU Ebru , ÇİLİNGİR Oğuz , ARTAN Sevilhan , GUNDUZ Eren , DURAK ARAS Beyhan
Published: December 2023

Kronik lenfositik lösemi (KLL) ileri yaş hastalarda en sık gözlenen lösemi türü olup, hem klinik hem de genetik açıdan oldukça heterojen bir hastalıktır. Kronik lenfositik lösemi de tekrarlayan kromozom anomalilerinin prognostik önemleri uzun yıllardır bilinmekte olup, gen mutasyonlarının da klinik önemleri açığa kavuşmaya başlamıştır. NOTCH1 gen mutasyonları KLL’de en sık mutasyon gözlenen gen olup, tedavi direnci ve Richter Sendromuna dönüşüm ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda NOTCH1 gen amplifikasyonları çeşitli kanser tiplerinde raporlanmıştır. Bizim daha önce izole delesyon 13q saptanan KLL vakaları ile yaptığımız bir çalışmada NOTCH1 gen dizisini içeren kopya sayısı artışları mikroarray yöntemi ile saptanmıştır ancak klinik bulgular ile ilişkilendirilmemiştir.

Biz de bu çalışmamızda çeşitli kromozomal anomalilere sahip ve daha fazla KLL olgusuna ait periferik kan örneklerinde NOTCH1 gen kopya sayısı artışlarını FISH yöntemi ile incelemeyi ve KLL’nin klinik heterojenitesinde NOTCH1 amplifikasyonunun etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Çalışmaya dahil edilen 130 KLL vakasının 4’ünde FISH çalışması başarısızlıkla tamamlanmış olup, geriye kalan 126 olgunun hiçbirinde NOTCH1 gen kopya sayısı değişikliği tespit edilmemiştir.

Çalışmamız sonucunda KLL’nin klinik heterojenitesinde NOTCH1 gen amplifikasyonlarının bir etkisi olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak olgu grubumuzun büyük kısmının, iyi prognostik etkiye sahip sitogenetik belirteçlere sahip olması sebebiyle, kötü klinik seyre sahip, daha fazla sayıda KLL vakalarında NOTCH1 gen kopya sayısının araştırılması gerekmektedir.
Transesophageal echocardiography during surgery of the thoracic aorta in adults
Authors: Alberts Tim , Eberl Susanne , Hermanns Henning
Published: December 2023

Thoracic aortic surgery poses significant challenges due to the complex anatomy and potential for life-threatening complications. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has emerged as a crucial imaging tool in the management of patients undergoing these operations. TEE offers real-time, high-resolution imaging of the heart and aorta, enabling accurate assessment of aortic pathology, evaluation of cardiac function, and monitoring of intraoperative hemodynamics. Its semi-invasive nature, immediate availability, and ability to provide dynamic information make TEE an indispensable adjunct during these intricate procedures. One of the primary indications for TEE during thoracic aortic surgery is the assessment of aortic pathology, including aneurysms, dissections, and aortic valve diseases. TEE allows precise visualization of the extent, location, and severity of aortic lesions, facilitating decision-making regarding repair strategies, graft sizing, and intraoperative guidance. Furthermore, TEE aids in identifying associated cardiac abnormalities such as valvular or ventricular dysfunction, which may impact surgical planning and outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current evidence supporting the use of TEE during thoracic aortic surgical interventions and highlight its invaluable contributions to perioperative patient care.
The pitfalls or gaps in monitoring and evaluation tools during Coronavirus disease 2019 era in South African municipalities
Authors: Yekani Babalo , Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni , Pillay Sareesha
Published: December 2023

The South African municipalities have continued to demonstrate weaknesses or inadequacies in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). A possible barrier in South African municipalities is a lack of M&E expertise. While M&E can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of a programme, some potential pitfalls and gaps were discovered during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A case study design was employed to conduct in-depth and detailed examination within two metropolitan municipalities in the Eastern Cape. A mixed methods approach was adopted in a convergent manner for data collection and analysis. In-depth interviews were utilised to collect data from 13 senior municipal managers at the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) and the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). A total of 191 questionnaires were despatched to municipal employees and 186 were returned, giving a 97% response rate. The findings reflect the weaknesses of M&E policies in the municipalities and paints a picture of M&E not being prioritised in the municipality.  The findings also reflect the current situation at the municipalities concerned, which is that there are pitfalls and gaps when it comes to evaluation measures. Thus, the study concludes that accountability for financial and performance management is non-existent. This study attempts to make a valuable contribution by providing technical assistance, capacity building to ensure that municipalities have effective M&E systems in place to monitor and evaluate service delivery and improve the lives of communities.
Fostering women entrepreneurship in the tourism industry
Authors: Ngomane Thandi Susan
Published: December 2023

This study explores the obstacles and opportunities for women who sell arts and crafts along the borders of the Kruger National Park in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. The Kruger National Park is one of South Africa's most famous symbols, both nationally and internationally. Women who stay along the borders of the Kruger National Park have also harnessed tapping into the tourism sector by trading in arts and crafts because tourists purchase them as souvenirs. Women dominate the craft industry because of fewer barriers to entry as they normally use traditional skills to create crafts. South African women in the informal sector are said to be significantly contributing to the Gross Domestic Product of the country. A qualitative research design utilising a Case study was used to explore the obstacles and opportunities for women who trade in arts and crafts in the tourism industry around the Kruger National Park. Data was collected through semi-structured interview schedules from thirty (30) women who sell arts and crafts from the Kruger National Park gates in Mpumalanga Province. Data was then summarised to capture emerging themes as well as opinions, attitudes and perceptions. The key findings reveal that women face various challenges, mainly in terms of (i) lack of access to finance, (ii) low literacy levels (iii) lack of access to infrastructure and (iv) Poor marketing skills and access to markets.
Police’s behaviour in response to handling of protestations in South Africa
Authors: Hlongwane Paulus
Published: December 2023

The use of force by members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) has been widely reported. Unfortunately, the situation does not seem to be improving. However, it is not yet reported whether the members of the SAPS instinctively display aggressive or nonaggressive behaviour in response to the handling of violent and non-violent protestations in South Africa. Therefore, this article aims to assess whether police’s behaviour in the handling of protestations is instinctively aggressive or nonaggressive. Secondly, the article reflects on the possible factors that may contribute to the police’s aggressive behaviour towards protestations in South Africa. This article makes use of videography, which is a qualitative method of inquiry and interpretive in nature. Videography involves analysing video data as a focused hermeneutical and ethnographic exercise. In this regard, video recordings that are publicly accessible online which show South African police’s responses and conduct when handling protestation were analysed. Such videos were purposefully selected as they were deemed fit and useful for the object of this paper. Another method that was applied is a critical review of literature on police brutality in South Africa. Based on the analysis of evidence flowing from video analysis, it is clear that members of the SAPS tend to display aggressive behaviour when responding to violent protestations. At the same time, some members of the SAPS seem to lose their temper due to provocations by protesting individuals. The article reveals that the handling of protestations requires a thorough assessment of risks that may be incurred when applying various strategies for crowd management. This may need the state to invest in training and skilling the members of the SAPS in handling of violent and non-violent protestations. The article provides the basis for crowd management specialists within the SAPS to develop strategies suitable for ensuring professional and nonaggressive behaviour by the police in handling both violent and non-violent protestations.
Turning threats into opportunities: a reflection on the use of digital technologies in learning and teaching environment in one South African University
Authors: Dyantyi Ntsika
Published: December 2023

The rapid advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have significantly transformed the landscape of education, impacting both learning and teaching processes. The use of ICT in learning and teaching have changed the whole concept of education and had proved to be of great benefit for both the student and the lecturer. This paper draws from students and lecturers’ reflections on the use of ICT in learning and teaching environments in one South African University. An interpretive qualitative approach was adopted to conduct this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from six participants which constituted five students and one lecturer, and the thematic phenomenological analysis was used to analyse data. Findings revealed that the use of ICT in learning and teaching environments in have enhanced learning experiences, access to information and resources, collaborative learning opportunities, personalized learning among students and enhanced lecturer professional development in the university. The study recommended that education institutions should prioritize the allocation of resources for infrastructure development. Technology should be used purposefully to enhance teaching and learning, rather than integrated for its own sake. Lecturer’s must align their pedagogies with technology as suggested by TPACK theory.
Reflecting on the experience of the rationalisation and consolidation of the faculties and campuses at Walter Sisulu University: successes and challenges
Authors: Magadana Zikile
Published: December 2023

One of six comprehensive universities in South Africa, the Walter Sisulu University (WSU) combines the best academic credentials from universities and technikons in an effort to effectively meet the socio-economic development needs of the nation, in the Eastern Cape Province, and the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Chris Hani Municipality, King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality.  An institution of a new generation, the WSU is more than the sum of its parts. Its goal is to improve community potential through quality academic programs, research, and community engagement projects with a strong emphasis on involvement and sustainable development. This article considers the different successes and difficulties associated with the WSU rationalization and consolidation of faculties.  This theoretical article observes that the government started using rationalization and consolidation as a tool to reconfigure and reform the higher education sector. Rationalization and consolidation are nothing new, and several nations have used them to revamp or reorganize their higher education industries. The article provides literature debates and scholarly background on comparing the South African higher education sector's proposed rationalisation and consolidation to those of other nations' higher education sectors, however, would reveal the most ambitious reform program ever launched in recent memory. The conceptual paper adopts a thematic qualitative approach.  The primary wave of the mergers mandated by the government that happened in 2004 and 2005 was preceded by the 2002 merger of Walter Sisulu University.
Challenges in promoting accountability and feedback mechanisms through customer complaints in the South African public service
Authors: Mogotloane Tebogo , Louw Valery
Published: December 2023

The study examines whether the customer complaints management policy in the Department of Employment and Labour in the Free State province is effectively and efficiently implemented. Skilful and committed policy implementers are required to ensure that policies are implemented successfully. A descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study using semi-structured online interviews, to gather data from 20 participants who were purposively selected. The major findings of the study reveals that a lack of clarity and accessibility of complaint channels, inadequate training of newly appointed officials in customer complaint management processes, and user-unfriendliness of the complaint processes flow are prohibiting factors of the implementation of the policy. Additionally, there was a lack of effective communication and coordination among both the internal and external stakeholders, and a noticeable absence of consequence management. The study recommend that the Department of Employment and Labour should consider to design a user-friendly customer complaints management processes flow as well as to incorporate customer complaints module during the induction of newly appointed employees.
Cultural tourism and indigenous languages: fostering economic development in Polokwane Local Municipality
Authors: Maswanganyi Fortune Tebogo , Salawu Abiodun
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the potential role of indigenous languages in fostering local economic development through cultural-tourism within the Polokwane Local Municipality. As a region rich in cultural diversity and indigenous heritage, Polokwane presents a unique opportunity to leverage its linguistic and cultural assets for sustainable economic growth. This paper discusses how the incorporation of indigenous languages can contribute to various aspects of local economic development, including tourism, entrepreneurship, cultural preservation, and community engagement. Therefore, this conceptual paper uses a traditional literature review and secondary data analysis techniques to discuss trends of research on the relationship between indigenous language, cultural tourism and local economic development.
Scorched-earth democratic South Africa: Governance utopianisms as derivatives of scientific dogma
Authors: Tsheola Johannes , Sebola Mokoko Piet
Published: December 2023

This article explores theorisation that identifies the locus of South Africa’s scorched-earth lived experiences in the fixation on scientific dogma and conceptual binaries as well as governance utopianisms, wherein the latter are derivatives of the former. It explores South African’s lived experiences over the past 28 years in order to demonstrate that politicians’ reverence for governance utopianism has failed to appreciate the unity of realities, facts, values, objectivities, subjectivities, permanences, fluxes and changes, which consist of complex intricacies that are not amenable to dogmatic “incontrovertibly true” sets of authoritative principles and catchy governance utopianisms, because humanity’s imagination and creative thought are experimental in nature given the diversity of spatialities and “geography differences.” From desktop-based research literature survey and theorisation, the article advances a theoretical argument that if “science is one,” and if reality is unitary, then fragmentary theories and models are creatures of humanity’s world of imperfections. Additionally, the article analyses statistical evidence drawn from Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) in order to demonstrate that the scorched-earth metaphor is real for South Africa’s 28-year democratic governance. It finds that in South Africa’s twenty-eight years of democratic experiment, lived experiences resemble scorched-earth metaphor with no silver lining in sight. Philosophically, the paper concludes that if what resides on God’s left is on humanity’s right, then the “rightness” and/or “leftness” of people consists of intractable complexities of particularity, individuality and incommunicability that have led to fragmentary science, fixation on dogma and binaries as well as politicians’ reverence for governance utopianisms, simultaneously as society’s lived experiences resemble normalised scorched-earth.
ДЕРЖАВНИЙ І СУСПІЛЬНИЙ ЛАД, ПРАВО ТА СУДОВА СИСТЕМА СТАРОДАВНЬОГО КИТАЮ: СУЧАСНА ВІТЧИЗНЯНА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ
Authors: Щербатюк В. , Сокур Ю. , Курас Д.
Published: December 2023

У статті на основі наукових праць сучасних вітчизняних науковців висвітлено стан дослідження державного та суспільного ладу, права і судо-вої системи Стародавнього Китаю, простежено основні напрями вивчення означеної теми та їх змістове наповнення.Ключові слова: Стародавній Китай, історіографія, дослідження, державний і суспільний лад, право, судова система.
ОСВІТНЬО-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ ПРОСТІР УМАНІ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ ПРАКТИК МІСТЯН (КІНЕЦЬ ХVІІІ — ПОЧАТОК ХХ ст.)
Authors: Прищепа О.
Published: December 2023

У статті простежуються комунікативні канали формування освіт-ньо-культурного простору Умані в добу Російської імперії на етапі вхо-дження цього міста в модерне життя. Стверджується, що міжкуль-турні комунікації етнічних, релігійних, станових спільнот розгорталися восвітніх установах, закладах культури, громадських організаціях, завдячу-ючи пресовим виданням. З’ясовується роль у трансформаціях культурногоповсякдення Умані імперської влади, міського самоврядування, інтелігенціїміста. Зауважується, що в пульсації культурного простору проглядаласьяк цілісність, так і сегментованість.Ключові слова: освітньо-культурний простір, Умань, міжкультурні комунікації, міська інтелігенція, освітні установи, заклади культури, громадськіорганізації.
МЕХАНІЗАЦІЯ ЗЕРНОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА У ГОСПОДАРСТВАХ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ: СПЕЦИФІКА ПЕРЕБІГУ ТА ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ (1860-ті — 1910-ті рр.)
Authors: Чернікова Н.
Published: December 2023

У статті розкривається еволюція сільськогосподарської техніки та їїрозповсюдження у землеробських господарствах Півдня України післяре-форменої доби. З’ясовано чинники, що впливали на напрями та рівень ме-ханізації зернового виробництва. Здійснено видову класифікацію землероб-ських знарядь праці, які застосовували південноукраїнські господарі. Обґрунтовується теза, що формування в регіоні потужної розгалуженої мережіпідприємств із виробництва сільськогосподарських машин значною міроюозначило темпи та характер механізації землеробства.Ключові слова: землеробське знаряддя праці, механізація, сільськогосподарське машинобудування, південноукраїнська губернія, зернове вироб-ництво, підприємництво.
КРИЗА ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ ВИХОВАНЦІВ ГЛУХІВСЬКОГО УЧИТЕЛЬСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТУ НА ТЕРЕНАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ІМПЕРІЇ В 1882–1897 рр.
Authors: Крижанівський В. , Чумаченко О.
Published: December 2023

У статті проаналізовано кризу працевлаштування випускників Глухів-ського учительського інституту, яка мала такі прикметні ознаки. По-пер-ше, істотно скоротилася кількість вакансій у міських училищах базовогонавчального округу. Так, 1882 р. тільки 37,5% випускників Глухівського ін-ституту влаштувались у міських училищах Київського навчального окру-гу. По-друге, виник значний часовий проміжок між закінченням навчаннята працевлаштуванням — від кількох місяців до одного-двох років. Напри-клад, близько половини випускників Глухівського інституту в 1887–1889рр. отримували направлення на роботу через рік-два після отримання ди-плому. По-третє, погіршилася якість штатних посад, що пропонувалися випускникові. Так, 1885 р. 46% випускників інституту отримали направ-лення не в міські, а в сільські 2-класні училища Полтавської та Чернігів-ської губ.; 1888 р. вже 40% випускників направляються на роботу в сіль-ські 2- та 1-класні й міські приходські училища. Завершення кризи 1898 р.пов’язуємо не стільки з інтенсивною розбудовою мережі міських училищ уКиївському навчальному окрузі, скільки з вимушеним працевлаштуваннямвипускників інституту в освітніх закладах Одеського, Ризького, Варшав-ського навчальних округів.Ключові слова: Глухів, учительський інститут, навчальний округ, міське училище, вчитель
РОЛЬ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА В ФОРМУВАННІ МЕРЕЖІ ОСЕРЕДКІВ ЧОРНОСОТЕНЦІВ НА ВОЛИНІ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ ст.
Authors: Мельничук О. , Цецик Я. , Олексін Ю.
Published: December 2023

Досліджено роль православного кліру у формуванні організаційної мере-жі Союзу російського народу на Волині на початку ХХ ст. Охарактеризова-но роль Почаївсько-Успенської лаври в організації осередків чорносотенцівна Волині в окреслений період. На основі матеріалів чорносотенної пресий архівних документів обґрунтовано, що ідейними натхненниками розгор-тання чорносотенного руху на Волині на початку ХХ ст. було духовенство Російської православної церкви, завдяки старанням якого досить швидковдалося сформувати потужну організаційну мережу. До лав чорносотен-ного руху священики залучали своїх парафіян, вони ж організували значнукількість сільських осередків СРН на Волині. Всі ключові посади в органі-зації у досліджуваному регіоні займали священнослужителі. Це мало чіт-ко визначену мету — залучати до лав організації місцевих мешканців і такзміцнювати виливи в регіоні чорносотенців, діяльність яких, з одного боку,була спрямована на підтримку імперської влади та реалізацію політики ру-сифікації, а з іншого сприяла розпалюванню міжнаціональних конфліктів утогочасному поліетнічному волинському суспільстві.Ключові слова: Волинь, ревнитель, чорносотенець, священик, православне духовенство.
ДРОГОБИЦЬКА СОЛЕВАРНЯ У СИСТЕМІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СОЛЯНОЇ МОНОПОЛІЇ ПОЛЬЩІ (1919–1939)
Authors: Галів М. , Галик В.
Published: December 2023

У статті простежується діяльність Дрогобицької солеварні в роки їїналежності до державної соляної монополії міжвоєнної Польщі, а відтакрозкриваються адміністративно-правові, виробничі, фінансові аспектифункціонування підприємства. Дрогобицька солеварня у міжвоєнні роки перебувала в державній власності і входила до складу державної монополії,оформленої 1932 р. як окреме підприємство «Польська монополія сільна».Виробництво продукції на солеварні поступово зростало, перетнувши межув понад 6 тис. т на рік. Попри це, розроблялися проекти закриття соле-варні через її низьку рентабельність, віддаленість від залізниці, подорож-чання опалювального матеріалу, значні видатки на утримання персоналу,потребу великих інвестицій в оновлення основних фондів. Однак ці планине було реалізовано, тож солеварня діяла. Частка Дрогобицької солевар-ні в загальному виробництві солі міжвоєнної Польщі коливалася від 1,4 до2%, тому це підприємство не відігравало стратегічної ролі в соляній галузі.Проте дрогобицька сіль вважалася однією з найбільш високоякісних, тожбула популярною на внутрішньому ринку Польщі.Ключові слова: Дрогобицька солеварня, соляна монополія, виварювання солі, міжвоєнний період, модернізація виробництва.
НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ТА ВИДАВНИЧА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ІСТОРИКІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВІЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ В ПРАЗІ ПІД ЧАС ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ (1939–1945)
Authors: Ворон Н.
Published: December 2023

У статті проаналізовано науково-педагогічну та видавничу діяльністьісториків Українського вільного університету в Празі періоду Другої сві-тової війни. Розкрито напрями та зміст наукової роботи викладачів і дис-ертантів УВУ, тематику навчальних курсів історичних дисциплін та їхактуальність у зазначений період. Виявлено та оцінено внесок наукової йвидавничої діяльності цього навчального закладу для популяризації україн-ської історії та культури в умовах війни, що проявлявся в виданні науковихпраць викладачів та докторантів, продовженні науково-дослідної роботи.Ключові слова: Український вільний університет, історик-емігрант, історія України, Друга світова війна, наукова діяльність, культура, видання.
ПАМ’ЯТКИ НАУКИ Й ТЕХНІКИ В МУЗЕЇ НАРОДНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ ТА ПОБУТУ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ НАДДНІПРЯНЩИНИ: ІСТОРІЯ МУЗЕЄФІКАЦІЇ
Authors: Жам О. , Фігурний Ю. , Лєбєдєва Ю.
Published: December 2023

У статті охарактеризовано пам’ятки науки і техніки Музею народ-ної архітектури та побуту Середньої Наддніпрянщини (м. Переяслав Ки-ївської обл., Україна). До розгляду залучено об’єкти сільськогосподарсько-го виробництва (водяні млини та вітряки); об’єкти народних промислів іремесел (кузня, олійня, ободопарня, шишкосушарня, смолокурня, гончарнапіч); об’єкти шляхового будівництва (пішохідний міст Є. О. Патона). Ха-рактерною особливістю цих об’єктів є оригінальність, автентичність, уні-кальність, що і є їхньою науково-технічною, архітектурною, історичною,етнологічною, мистецькою та іншою культурною цінністю. Нині зазначеніспоруди й конструкції взято на облік як нерухомі об’єкти науки і техніки.Об’єкти цієї групи вітчизняної культурної спадщини є на сьогодні однієюз найменш вивчених і облікованих груп пам’яток, у зв’язку з чим станов-лять потенційний інтерес для дослідників історії виробництва й техніки.Згадуються персоналії, пов’язані з досліджуваними пам’ятками, та осо-би, завдяки яким ці пам’ятки було музеєфіковано. Зроблено висновки проважливість всебічного дослідження музейних пам’яток науки й техніки, не лише з позицій втілення досягнень тогочасної наукової й технічної дум-ки, а й організації виробництва, устаткування, модернізації, різночасовихпереобладнань, оздоблення тощо. Наголошено, що пам’ятки науки і тех-ніки переяславського скансену є важливою частиною історико-культурноїспадщини України, технічного розвитку виробництва і техніки СередньоїНаддніпрянщини ХІХ — початку ХХ ст.Ключові слова: Україна; українець; Переяслав; скансен; пам’ятка науки і техніки; музеєфікація
OPTIMIZING HARD QOS AND SECURITY WITH DISJOINT PATH ROUTING
Authors: Lemeshko Oleksandr , Yeremenko Oleksandra , Yevdokymenko Maryna , Sleiman Batoul
Published: December 2023

Background. The combination of secure routing and hard QoS is a worthwhile topic that involves designing and implementing network protocols and systems that can provide high performance and robust protection for data flow due to shared goals. Secure QoS routing over disjoint paths is a challenging problem that requires balancing the trade-off between network security and bandwidth guarantees.

Objective. This article investigates a mathematical model that can address secure QoS routing by formulating it as an optimization problem with a linear objective function and linear or bilinear constraints. The objective function aims to minimize the paths compromise probability, while the constraints ensure that the total bandwidth of the paths meets the QoS requirements.

Methods. We use computer simulation of hard QoS and security with disjoint path routing. Also we use mathematical programming methods in order to describe secure QoS routing.

Results. The article presents a numerical study of the model using different scenarios and parameters. The results show that the model can effectively provide secure QoS routing over disjoint paths with a high bandwidth guarantee level and a low compromise probability. The work analyses the sensitivity of the solutions to the QoS requirements and reveals that there is usually some margin in the bandwidth provision.

Conclusions. The proposed model is a promising tool for secure QoS routing over disjoint paths in various network environments.
PRUNING MINIMUM SPANNING TREES AND CUTTING LONGEST EDGES TO CONNECT A GIVEN NUMBER OF NODES BY MINIMIZING TOTAL EDGE LENGTH
Authors: Romanuke Vadim
Published: December 2023

Background. Whereas in many tasks of designing efficient telecommunication networks, the number of network nodes is limited, the initial choice of nodes is wider. There are more possible locations than factually active tools to be settled to those locations to further satisfy consumers. This induces an available node constraint problem.

Objective. Given an initial set of planar nodes, the problem is to build a minimum spanning tree connecting a given number of the nodes, which is less than the cardinality of the initial set. Therefore, the available node constraint problem aims at building an optimally minimum spanning tree to connect a given number of planar nodes being less than an initial number of nodes by minimizing the tree length.

Methods. The initial set of nodes is triangulated. This gives a set of edges, whose lengths are calculated and used as graph weights. A minimum spanning tree is built over this graph. The desired number of nodes is reached by pruning the minimum spanning tree connecting the initial number of nodes, where free edges whose weights are the largest are iteratively removed from the tree. The other approach, the cutting method, removes longest edges off the initial minimum spanning tree, regardless of whether they are free or not.

Results. Unlike the pruning method, the method of cutting longest edges may result in a minimum spanning tree connecting fewer nodes than the desired number. However, the cutting method often outputs a shorter tree, especially when the edge length varies much. Besides, the cutting method is slower due to it iteratively rebuilds a minimum spanning tree.

Conclusions. The problem is initially solved by the pruning method. Then the cutting method is used and its solution is compared to the solution by the pruning method. The best tree is shorter. A tradeoff for the nodes and tree length is possible.
External removable elements of pipes for heat transfer enhancement (Design overview)
Authors: Mikulionok Ihor , Karvatskii Anton , Ivanenko Olena
Published: December 2023

The subject of research is extrusion heads for forming smooth pipes from polymer materials.

Studies of the state of art and prospects of the development of the structural and technological design of extrusion heads for the formation of smooth polymer pipes is based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information of the leading countries of the world, since it is in the patent documentation that information is given about innovative developments in the relevant field of technology and technologies.

With the help of methods of analysis and synthesis, the designs of extrusion heads for the formation of smooth polymer pipes of various purposes for use in the chemical, petrochemical, oil refining, thermal energy, food and related industries were systematized. A thorough classification has been developed for each type of head, on the basis of which the most interesting designs proposed by scientists, designers and inventors from the leading countries of the world have been examined in detail. A critical assessment of most of the above constructions is provided, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Designs of the heads were analyzed depending on the direction of the entrance of the melt to the head, the method of attaching the head to the extruder, the method of fixing the mandrel in the matrix, the number of possibilities of different flows of melts of different materials, the number of simultaneously extruded pipes, the movement of the elements of the head, the type of distribution channels, the possibility of maintaining the required temperature, the extruded pipes structure, the presence of channels for auxiliary substances, the possibility of adjusting the thickness of the pipe wall.

It is shown that, despite the considerable variety of designs of extrusion heads for forming smooth polymer pipes, the most demanded by the industry are straight pipe heads with a working channel of fixed geometry, which have been tested for a long time and are quite simple to manufacture and operate. However, thanks to the successes of materials science and computer modeling, the search for new designs of tubular extrusion heads continues.
Study of the effectiveness of inhibiting corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments
Authors: Kosmyna Mykola , Nosachova Yuliia
Published: December 2023

Corrosion is a phenomenon that strongly affects many industries. Everything related to metallurgy, shipbuilding, or the oil industry is negatively affected by corrosion processes. This is a big problem, because the number of industrial accidents due to corrosion reaches more than 75%. Therefore, in this work, the effectiveness of inhibition of corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments was investigated in detail. The main goal of the article is to study the regularity of corrosion processes in water-oil media of different composition and at different temperature regimes for effective selection of the inhibition mechanism and type of corrosion inhibitor.

An effective method of reducing the impact of corrosion processes today is the use of inhibitors. This is expedient not only from the point of view of the effectiveness of the action, but also from the point of view of economic expediency. Inhibitors are added to corrosive environments in order to stop or reduce corrosion processes. They can be used as protective barriers that form a protective layer, and as absorbers that prevent oxidation processes. In the future, the type of inhibitor is selected depending on the type of metal and the conditions of the reactions responsible for the occurrence and course of corrosion.

Currently, the use of corrosion inhibitors is recognized as the most effective way to reduce the intensity of corrosion destruction of metal structures. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain a universal inhibitor that meets the requirements of high efficiency, manufacturability, toxicological safety, and at the same time is obtained in an economically feasible way. Among various corrosion inhibitors, organic ones have shown their effectiveness in protecting low-alloy steels of oil industry equipment.

Metal samples of St20 steel, the most widely used for the manufacture of oil pipelines and oil production equipment, were used as corroding materials in the study. The pH was changed by adding a solution of acetic acid. The degree of corrosion was determined by the massometric method. The volume of the test solution was 150 cm3, the pH of the solution was adjusted with a 5% acetic acid solution. Alkylimidozoline was used as an inhibitor.

Judging by the research results, the mineral composition of the aqueous solution largely affects the rate of corrosion. The presence of oil significantly reduces the rate of corrosion due to both blocking the access of oxygen to the system by the oil film and due to the corrosion inertness of the chemical components of the oil. However, it was also found that with an increase in the content of carboxylic acids, the presence of oil does not affect the corrosion rate in any way. Arguably, the alkylamidazoline inhibitor showed a high degree of protection at room temperature, in contrast to studies at high temperatures.
Optimization Driven Robust Control of Mechanical Systems with Parametric Uncertainties
Authors:   Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Fam C. A. ,   Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Nedelchev S.
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a control algorithm designed to compensate for unknown parameters in mechanical systems, addressing parametric uncertainty in a comprehensive manner. The control optimization process involves two key stages. Firstly, it estimates the narrow uncertainty bounds that satisfy parameter constraints, providing a robust foundation. Subsequently, the algorithm identifies a control strategy that not only ensures uniform boundedness of tracking error but also adheres to drive constraints, effectively minimizing chattering. The proposed control scheme is demonstrated through the modeling of a single rigid body with parameter uncertainties. The algorithm possesses notable strengths such as maximal compensation for parametric uncertainty, chattering reduction, and consideration of control input constraints. However, it is applicable for continuous systems and does not explicitly account for uncertainty in the control input.