bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Au/Ag/Cu benzotriazolyl complexes and their catalytic activity in propargylamide cycloisomerization and carbonyl hydrosilylation reactions
Authors: Kaplanai Entzy , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Tsoureas Nikolaos , Bracho Pozsoni Nestor , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Van Hecke Kristof , Nolan Steven P. , Vougioukalakis Georgios C.
Published: June 2024

Facile access to a new family of Au-, Ag- and Cu-based Carbene-Metal-Amide (CMA) complexes is reported. These stable complexes bear the benzotriazolyl anion as the amido fragment, and are evaluated as (pre)catalysts in propargylamide cycloisomerizations and carbonyl hydrosilylations.
Synthesis of amphiphilic cationic polyesters and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Biswas Subhendu , Barman Ranajit , Biswas Mampi , Banerjee Ankita , Das Anindita
Published: June 2024

Water-dispersible, biodegradable and green-emitting polyester nanoparticles with cationic aromatic pendants have been prepared and the structural parameters influencing their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties have been examined.
Innovative use of liquid crystalline acids as color developers in leuco dye-based temperature sensors
Authors: Pawłów J. , Wilk-Kozubek M. , Czajkowski M. , Zdończyk M. , Cybińska J.
Published: June 2024

CnBA liquid crystals (n = 4, 5, 6) were utilized as color developers of BF leuco dye in novel thermochromic sensors, which exhibit a reversible, temperature-dependent shift in both observed and emission colors.
Magnetoresistance (MR) properties of magnetic materials
Authors: Vitayaya Okvarahireka , Zul Nehan Phahul Zhemas , Munazat Dicky Rezky , Manawan Maykel T. E. , Kurniawan Budhy
Published: June 2024

This review article provides a very general extensive review of magnetoresistance (MR), including AMR, CMR, TMR, GMR, and compares the latest findings and developments in this field.
Ruthenium-doped Ni(OH)2 to enhance the activity of methanol oxidation reaction and promote the efficiency of hydrogen production
Authors: Lin Jiajie , Chen Jie , Tan Changhui , Zhang Yingzhen , Li Yancai
Published: June 2024

Ru/Ni(OH)2/NF nanocomposites were in situ grown on nickel foam, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and high selectivity for methanol oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte.
Enhancing the charge transport and luminescence properties of ethyl 4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyleneamino]benzoate through complexation: a DFT and TD-DFT study
Authors: Kiven Dinyuy Emmanuel , Bine Fritzgerald Kogge , Nkungli Nyiang Kennet , Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Dider , Tasheh Stanley Numbonui , Ghogomu Julius Numbonui
Published: June 2024

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) and organic solar cell (OSC) properties of ethyl 4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyleneamino]benzoate (EMAB) and its Pt2+, Pd2+, Ni2+, Ir3+, Rh3+, and Zn2+ complexes have been theoretically studied herein.
Enzyme stability in polymer hydrogel–enzyme hybrid nanocarrier containing phosphorylcholine group
Authors: Huang Xuejin , Li Jincai , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Xu Yan , Takai Madoka
Published: June 2024

Immobilization with a spacer could improve retained enzyme activity compared with direct immobilization. Zwitterionic polymer nanogels could enhance enzyme stability under various harsh conditions such as high temperature, and organic solvent.
Lotus leaf-inspired thermal insulation and anti-icing topography
Authors: Cheng Jianjun , Zhu Yi , Zhan Fei , Wang Lei
Published: June 2024

The rough surface and porous interlayer of lotus leaf transfers its stress from its upper surface to the interlayer, which is bio-fabricated by integrating a micro-cone array surface and porous interlayer.
Bandgap regulation and doping modification of Ga2−xCrxSe3 nanosheets
Authors: Yang Huan , Wu Yue , Li Huirong , Zhang Yiwen , Gao Linmei , Wang Lanfang , Wang Fang
Published: June 2024

By adjusting the annealing temperature (150–300 °C) and introducing varying Cr doping concentrations, the optical bandgap of Ga2−xCrxSe3 was continuously tunable in the range of 2.23 to 2.80 eV.
Simple and direct electrochemical detection of rosmarinic acid in food samples based on nanochannel modified carbon electrode
Authors: Chen Wenbo , Ru Hongjuan , Yan Fei , Mo Xianwei
Published: June 2024

A simple electrochemical sensor was developed by integrating a vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) with a pre-activated glassy carbon electrode (p-GCE) to provide dual signal amplification for sensitive detection of rosmarinic acid.
Realization of a green-emitting pyrosilicate-structured Er3+-activated Y2Si2O7 phosphor: a systematic study of opto-electronic characteristics and thermal stability for lighting applications
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Singh Devender , Singh Sitender , Kumar Harish , Kumar Ramesh
Published: June 2024

A series of green-emitting Y2−xSi2O7:xEr3+ phosphors (x = 1–7 mol%) have been successfully synthesized using a straightforward gel-combustion method facilitated by urea.
From computational screening to the synthesis of a promising OER catalyst
Authors: Hari Kumar Sai Govind , Bozal-Ginesta Carlota , Wang Ning , Abed Jehad , Shan Chung Hsuan , Yao Zhenpeng , Aspuru-Guzik Alan
Published: June 2024

The search for new materials can be laborious and expensive. With computational inverse design, material properties can be predicted before synthesis, thus accelerating materials discovery.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed building up of used heterocyclic cations: facile access to white-light-emitting materials
Authors: Zhang Jingxian , Sun Tao , Wang Kangmin , Hu Ruike , Zhou Chunlin , Ge Haibo , Li Bijin
Published: June 2024

This work unlocks an opportunity to rapidly construct fused heterocyclic cations for efficient screening of single-molecular white-light-emitting materials and pure red-light-emitting materials.
Key structural features to favour imines over hydrates in water: pyridoxal phosphate as a muse
Authors: Esteve Ferran , Rieu Tanguy , Lehn Jean-Marie
Published: June 2024

The key structural features that aldehydes should present to favour imines over hydrates in water are investigated at different pD values. Sulfonate ortho-substituents remarkably stabilize iminium derivatives while disfavouring hydrate formation.
Chiral π–Cu(ii)-catalyzed site-, exo/endo-, and enantioselective dearomative (3 + 2) cycloadditions of isoquinolinium ylides with enamides, dienamides, and a trienamide
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Huang Jianhao , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: June 2024

We report a dearomative (3 + 2) cycloaddition between isoquinolinium ylides and enamides, dienamides, or a trienamide, which is catalyzed by a chiral π–Cu(ii) complex and proceeds in a site-selective, exo/endo-selective, and enantioselective manner.
Development of a high-performance asymmetrical supercapacitor based on conductive polythiophene and waste tissue paper-derived porous carbon
Authors: Dubey Prashant , Yadav Rekha , Maheshwari Priyanka H. , Seth R. K. , Sundriyal Shashank
Published: June 2024

An asymmetric supercapacitor showing the movement of electrolyte ions in a negative TAC electrode and positive TAC/PTh electrode, along with voltage optimization for the device.
Activity-induced stiffness, entanglement network and dynamic slowdown in unentangled semidilute polymer solutions
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Bokai , Wang Zhi-Yong
Published: June 2024

The introduction of activity modification at the chain ends leads to a rapid slowdown in dynamics: high-temperature particles demonstrate reduced diffusion coefficients and longer Rouse relaxation times.
Electron-injection-induced Fe atomic valence transition for efficient terahertz shielding in α-Fe2O3@carbon microtubes
Authors: Guan Sitao , Ma Siying , Ren Hengdong , Chen Jian , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Pengzhan , Xu Xiaobing , Wu Xinglong
Published: June 2024

Currently, commonly used terahertz (THz) absorbers based on metamaterials exhibit limitations in their narrow-band characteristics.
The revival of 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT) driven by low-cost and high-performance nonfused-ring electron acceptors
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui
Published: June 2024

This review comprehensively summarizes the development history of CPDT-based organic photovoltaic materials, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the revival of CPDT driven by low-cost acceptors.
Atomically ordered Ir3Ti intermetallics for pH-universal overall water splitting
Authors: Song Jianing , He Caihong , Ma Chaoqun , Xia Jing , Feng Fukai , Ma Xiao , Han Sumei , Zhang Huaifang , Yang Yuanqiang , Li Banggao , Lu Qipeng , Cao Wenbin , Zhu Lijie
Published: June 2024

Atomically ordered Ir3Ti intermetallics on carbon nanotubes exhibit remarkable performance for pH-universal overall water splitting.
Amorphous SiO2-based all-inorganic self-supporting nanofiber membrane: a flexible and breathable sensing platform for NO2 detection
Authors: Liu Jia , Yu Qian , Liu Yumeng , Zhang Xinlei , Yang Zhibo , Yin Xiaoqiang , Lu Hongbing , Zhang Jinniu , Gao Jianzhi , Zhu Benpeng
Published: June 2024

An all-inorganic, self-supporting PdO–SnO2–SiO2/SiO2 sensor with high flexibility, gas permeability, and heat resistance was prepared by a two-spinneret electrospinning route. This flexible sensor shows excellent multifunctional sensing capabilities.
Guidelines for designing high-deformability materials for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tanibata Naoto , Aizu Shin , Koga Misato , Takeda Hayami , Kobayashi Ryo , Nakayama Masanobu
Published: June 2024

Shear modulus G is a useful screening index and design guideline for high deformability, including for dense pellets and/or negligible particle grain boundary in compressed pellets, which are especially required for all-solid-state batteries.
Carrier-free chemo-phototherapeutic nanomedicines with endo/lysosomal escape function enhance the therapeutic effect of drug molecules in tumors
Authors: Feng Xue , Brown Calum M. , Wang Hongdi , Kashif Saima , Roberts Sam , Yan Li , Munshi Tasnim , Hands Philip J. W. , Zhang Wenjun , Chen Xianfeng
Published: June 2024

This study develops synergistic carrier-free nanodrugs, characterized by high drug loading and the capacity for rapid endo/lysosomal escape. We investigate the impact of MPN layer thickness on the chemo-phototherapeutic efficacy of these nanodrugs.
Charge-reversal polymeric nanomodulators for ferroptosis-enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yang Xuelong , He Maomao , Li Yinghua , Qiu Tian , Zuo Jiexuan , Jin Yixiao , Fan Jiangli , Sun Wen , Peng Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

The clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has some limitations including poor tumor targeting properties, a high reductive tumor microenvironment, and inefficient activation of single cell death machinery.
A bioinspired injectable antioxidant hydrogel for prevention of postoperative adhesion
Authors: Yuan Lei , Wei Hongxiu , Pan ZhongJing , Deng Xiaobo , Yang Lin , Wang Yanchao , Lu Dan , Li Zhen , Luo Feng , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong
Published: June 2024

An injectable antioxidant hydrogel, named PU-OHA-D, was successfully synthesized, and this hydrogel exhibits excellent abilities to clear free radicals, and prevent abdominal wall-cecum adhesion.
A self-powered photoactive room temperature gas sensor based on a porphyrin-functionalized ZnO nanorod/p-Si heterostructure
Authors: Bora Arbacheena , George Jeena , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Surya Velappa Jayaraman , Magna Gabriele , Mangalampalli S. R. N. Kiran , Paolesse Roberto , Di Natale Corrado
Published: June 2024

The integration of self-powered detectors and selective gas sensors into a single system introduces a next-generation of optoelectronic gas sensors that overcome the limitations of power consumption and poor selectivity.
Charge self-regulation of Ti sites in Ti3C2 MXene via rich unsaturated Ti for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Cao Ying , Wang Ping , Wang Xuefei , Chen Feng , Yu Huogen
Published: June 2024

Ti3C2 MXene has rich unsaturated Ti, which improves photocatalytic H2-evolution rate due to weakened H-adsorption ability of Ti by charge self-regulation.
Prediction of two-dimensional large-gap magnetic semiconductors in transition metal superhalogenides
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yuzhen , Lu Ruifeng , Qu Ziyang , Li Ang , Wan Yi , Huang Chengxi
Published: June 2024

Based on first-principles calculations, we classify the transition metal superhalogenides as feasible van der Waals two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors with diverse magnetic properties and large energy gaps.
Consideration of Demographic Variables in Behavioral Interventions Pertaining to Children With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bharadwaj Sneha V. , Rhoades Ellen A. , Perry Haley
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Equitable representation of children with hearing loss who are members of marginalized or minority groups in behavioral intervention studies enhances inclusivity in the scientific process and generalizability of results. The goal of this systematic review was to ascertain the percentage of studies conducted in the United States in the past 2 decades that reported relevant demographic variables.

Method:

Studies were searched across eight databases and clinical trial registries in October 2022. Variations of the following search strings were used to retrieve peer-reviewed published studies and unpublished clinical trials: children, hearing loss, and intervention.

Results:

Thirty-nine intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies were reviewed and coded for the following demographic variables: area and type of intervention, participant age, hearing technology data, sample size, gender, race/skin color and ethnicity, primary/home language(s), additional disabilities, parental education, family income, and parental occupation. Results revealed that many demographic variables were remarkably underreported, with parental education, family income, and parental occupation variables being the least reported data.

Conclusions:

Demographic data can be an important tool for changing disparities related to intervention outcomes. This systematic review suggests that inclusive research practices should be extended to low-literacy or low–economic resources, non-White, and non–English-speaking groups. Inclusion practices coupled with sufficient sample sizes will ultimately aid in identifying hearing health disparities.
Enhancing Adult Hearing Screening Skills for Speech-Language Pathology Students Through Simulation
Authors: Tinsley Jordan , Mitchell Mary P. , Stead Amanda , Michael Paul , DiMicco AJ
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study evaluated student performance and perception of a simulated hearing screening utilizing an adult standardized patient (SP). It explored the relationship between student performance and student perception of the simulation.

Method:

Sixty-nine first-year speech pathology graduate students completed a high-fidelity simulation to demonstrate competency in hearing screening administration with an adult SP. Student performance was assessed by supervising educators through standardized rubrics in the following domains: (a) explaining the task, (b) following the university screening protocol, (c) demonstrating clinical and critical thinking, and (d) using the audiometer efficiently. Students also completed surveys to provide feedback regarding their simulation experience.

Results:

The median rating for student performance across the four domains evaluated was determined using nonparametric tests, while a one-sample
t
test was used to determine average ratings. Additionally, central tendency and dispersion measures were computed using rubric ratings of students' performance in each domain evaluated. Overall, students performed well in this simulation, with nearly all students demonstrating competency in explaining the task and demonstrating clinical/critical thinking. Following the screening protocol and using the audiometer efficiently showed the most room for improvement. Student survey responses generally indicated that this was a positive and beneficial learning experience and provided constructive feedback for future iterations of this simulation.

Conclusions:

Hearing screening simulations effectively train graduate speech-language pathology students in the necessary skills. Student perceptions of this simulation were resoundingly positive.
RON‐based cross‐chain routing optimization strategy in metaverse
Authors: Huang Junjie , Tan Liang , Xiao Jianmei
Published: June 2024

Metaverse is a new ecology that integrates the digital world with the physical world, generates a mirror image of the real world based on digital twin technology, and guarantees the fairness of the virtual world through the trusted mechanism of blockchain. Cross‐chain communication technology is the key to realizing data circulation and collaborative processing between blockchains, which provides the communication foundation for the massive connection of blockchains in the metaverse. The current cross‐chain communication mode is dominated by direct‐connect routing, leading to network congestion and high propagation delay once the direct‐connect link fails and cannot be recovered quickly. To optimize direct‐connect routing, this paper proposed a cross‐chain routing optimization strategy based on RON (Resilient Overlay Network), that is, Cross‐Chain_RON, which firstly applies RON to reconstruct the direct‐connect routing model, and then selects the optimal link through the shortest‐path algorithm and policy routing, and combines with the RON performance database to improve the data transmission efficiency. Finally, the two communication modes were simulated by simulation tools. The experiments show that Cross‐Chain_RON outperforms the direct‐connect routing in terms of latency, rate of successful data transmission, and throughput in poor network environments, but at the expense of a certain amount of system overhead.
RETRACTED: An improved hybrid network‐on‐chip with flexible topology and frugal routing
Authors: Ijaz Qaiser , Bourennane El‐Bay
Published: June 2024

This study proposes an improved Hybrid Network‐on‐Chip (HNoC) with a flexible topology and frugal routing. The key advantage is in terms of latency and saturation because of the optimal use of RF‐based wireless networks. The performance improvement is achieved by managing the communication resources through a radio bandwidth allocation algorithm and a frugal routing algorithm that optimizes RF consumption by choosing between wired and wireless networks. The architecture of a hybrid network‐on‐chip has been modeled in SystemC by extending IP from the SoCLib library and Noxim simulator. The distinction of the flexible topology is exhibited by an 11% reduced delay compared to the fixed topology and a 31% shorter delay compared to a wired mesh network for lower transaction rates. A 21% increase in saturation has also established the superiority of the frugal routing algorithm. The hybrid design can be useful in addressing the limitations of purely wireless design, and the frugal routing algorithm can be seen as a complex topology for increasing the size of on‐chip networks.
Window air permeability calculation methodology with regard to temperature loading
Authors: Aksenov Ivan , Konstantinov Aleksandr
Published: June 2024

Air permeability is an important characteristic of windows, which significantly affects the energy consumption of a building and the quality of indoor climate in winter. Existing experimental studies confirm that the air permeability of windows can increase significantly when the outside temperature decreases. This phenomenon is associated with temperature deformations. Nevertheless, currently in the practice of window design the dependence of air permeability on temperature effects is not taken into account. There are methods of windows air permeability experimental determination that take into account temperature loads, but they require unique equipment and are large labor inputs. In view of this, this paper proposes a semi-empirical method for calculating the air permeability of windows with regard to temperature loads, which uses data from standard laboratory tests. This method is based on identifying the system of infiltration channels, which is formed by the window structure, with an elementary system for which the analytical solution of the infiltration equation is known. It can be used for more accurate calculations of the building's energy consumption in the cold period of time, as well as for obtaining a scientifically justified limitation of window structure deflections under the combined action of wind and temperature loads.
Global practices in financing environmental investment-construction projects
Authors: Sternik Sergey Gennadyevich
Published: June 2024

Research on global practices in "green" financing has revealed that the most common approach is a mixed financing model, incorporating "green" financing (funds, certificates, carbon units’ sales), financial market resources, as well as contributions from the private and public sectors. Direct financing of projects aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the state’s roles. This can be accomplished through the allocation of public funds or the establishment of special funds for financing such projects. The state can also participate in creating favorable investment climate for "green" projects. Additionally, the state may be involved in developing and implementing standards and methodologies for the projects’ assessment and certification, as well as establishing a system for the registration and accounting of carbon units.
Housing and human capital: Assessing the interrelation
Authors: Ovsiannikova Tatiana , Rabtsevich Olga , Yugova Irina
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the existing approaches to the assessment of human capital. The authors of the article propose a method for assessing the impact of the level of development of the housing sector in the regions of Russia on regional human capital. The assessment is made by means of calculating the aggregated characteristics: The Human Capital Index and the Housing Index. When calculating the Human Capital Index in the regions, its qualitative and quantitative components are evaluated. The results of the assessment display a fairly significant impact of the housing sector on formation of both quality and quantity of regional human capital. The results of the calculations also indicate a significant heterogeneity of regional development and a more unfavorable situation in the demographic sphere compared to the education and qualifications of the population.
Enhancing the sustainability of energy networks through the utilization of smart consumers
Authors: Kultan Jaroslav , Gaponenko Tatyana Valerievna , Laamarti Yuliya Alexandrovna , Zhang Shouhong , Tiang Jing
Published: June 2024

Dynamic or static stability of electrical networks is maintained not only by the internal energy of the system but also by the utilization of a hot power reserve. In networks that incorporate renewable energy sources, this reserve should be commensurate with the power capacity of the renewable energy sources. However, this leads to an increase in economic costs. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources results in a decrease in the dynamic stability of the system due to the unregulated changes in the supplied energy. The objective of this research is to analyze the potential impact of renewable energy sources on network stability and explore possibilities for enhancing stability through adaptive operation of smart consumers. Renewable energy generation is characterized by temporal and concentration uncertainties, which can potentially disrupt the operation of the energy system. The primary approach employed in this study involves analyzing the potential influence of various operational modes of smart consumers, both during load commutation and energy source switching. The main outcome of this work is the development of a smart consumer algorithm. The devised operating principle mitigates the effects of unstable renewable energy operation or uncertain consumer behavior.
New method for assessing the repeatability of the measuring system for roughness measurements
Authors: Engler Carsten , Georgiadis Anthimos , Lange Dirk , Meier Nicolas
Published: June 2024

The AIAG established the MSA, 4th Edition, as an international guideline to determine if the selected measurement system is capable and can be used for the intended purpose. The MSA guideline provides a practical basis for decision-making and is applied in both scientific and industrial contexts. In addition to the MSA, the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has standardized the determination of measurement uncertainties at an international level. This paper provides a practical example of using a surface comparator to demonstrate the limitations of the MSA for roughness parameters. Additionally, it presents a new method for assessing the capability of a measuring system for roughness measurements by considering the aspects from MSA and GUM. This work considers all information, distinguishing between existing and experimentally generated data. The experimental investigations for the application of the new method were carried out using a confocal laser scanning measuring microscope. The approach presents a new practical opportunity for both science and industry.
Neurobiologie und Wirkmodelle zu Psychedelika
Authors: Herwig Uwe , Avram Mihai , Borgwardt Stefan , Aicher Helena D.
Published: June 2024

Zur Beantwortung der Frage, ob Psychedelika eine therapeutische Wirkung bei psychischen Erkrankungen aufweisen, ist entscheidend, sich mit möglichen Wirkmechanismen auseinanderzusetzen. Solche können auf psychopharmakologischer, neurobiologischer, neurosystemischer und psychotherapeutischer Ebene beschrieben werden. Neben der klassischen Pharmakologie befasst sich der Artikel mit neurobiologischen Befunden zur Emotionsregulation, der Wahrnehmungsverarbeitung und dem Ruhemodus-Netzwerk unter dem Einfluss von Psychedelika. Hieraus können Hypothesen zur Wirkweise aus einer neurodynamischen Perspektive abgeleitet werden. Letztlich wird der Übergang zu psychotherapeutischen Wirkfaktoren beschrieben. Eine neurobiologisch und psychotherapeutisch integrative Betrachtung der Psychedelikawirkung kann helfen, gezielte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bzw. eine psychotherapeutische Basis für die Einbettung einer Psychedelikaanwendung zu gestalten.
Geschichte der Anwendung von Psychedelika
Authors: Herwig Uwe
Published: June 2024

Die menschliche Nutzung heute als psychedelisch bezeichneter Substanzen erfolgt bereits seit Jahrtausenden. Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung, zunächst pharmakologisch, später psychiatrisch, setzte ab Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ein. Die ersten Überlegungen zur klinischen Anwendung insbesondere zur Unterstützung von Psychotherapien wurden ab Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts umgesetzt und erlebten eine breitere Anwendung in den 1950er- und 1960er-Jahren. Nach Entlegalisierung ab den 1970er-Jahren waren bis Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts nur wenige Studien insbesondere zu neurobiologischen Grundlagen erfolgt. Ab den 2000er-Jahren kam es zu neuen klinischen Studien mit einem steilen Anstieg in den letzten Jahren, besonders bezüglich der Anwendung von Psilocybin bei Depressionen. Heute findet eine breitere fachliche und gesellschaftliche Diskussion zu dem Thema statt und die Frage einer Einführung von Psychedelika in die klinische Psychiatrie in Deutschland steht im Raum.
Advanced coacervation-driven nanoscale polymeric assemblies for biomedical applications
Authors: Shu Lilei , Gong Yiyu , Lin Min , Sun Jing , Chen Xuesi
Published: June 2024

Complex coacervation, a fascinating phenomenon rooted in liquid–liquid phase separation, plays a crucial role in numerous biological systems. This intricate process involves the segregation of a liquid into two distinct phases: a coacervate phase enriched with polymers and a polymer-deficient phase comprising the remaining dilute solution. The potential of coacervates extends beyond their natural occurrence in biological systems, as they possess the capability to encapsulate various types of biomolecules in an aqueous solution, obviating the need for organic solvents. Consequently, considerable efforts have been devoted to designing functional nanoscale coacervate-driven assemblies using both natural and synthetic polymers for a myriad of applications. In this review, we provide a synthesis and discussion of the formation of nanoscale polymeric assemblies driven by complex coacervation. This exploration delves into the fundamental driving forces underpinning the phenomenon and elucidates the diverse fabrication strategies employed. The various biomedical applications of these assemblies are highlighted, with a focus on their roles as drug carriers, gene delivery vehicles, antimicrobial agents, theranostic platforms, mucoadhesives, and nanoreactors. This review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of coacervation-driven nanoscale assembly systems and their potential impact on the field of biomedical science and technology.
Deep residual shrinkage network with multichannel VMD inputs for noise reduction of micro-thrust measurement
Authors: Liu Zhikang , Chen Xingyu , Xu Jiawen , Zhao Liye
Published: June 2024

Micro-newton thrusters are widely utilized in the field of astronautics. Typically, the precision of micro-newton thrust measurement fundamentally depends on the background noise level. In this research, we introduce the Multichannel Variational Mode Decomposition Input Deep Residual Shrinkage Network (MV-DRSN) to identify the effective signals merged in the background noise. Experimental studies in vacuum were conducted to investigate the effect of noise reduction on MV-DRSN. It is shown that a steady-state signal with 0.1 μN as the minimum change unit can be recovered from the noises with an amplitude of 0.8 μN with an accuracy of 96.7% using MV-DRSN. In addition, the superiority of MV-DRSN over conventional ResNet has been validated, and its effectiveness in practical scenarios is verified. The proposed method has potential for noise reduction of steady-state sensor signals.
Energy storage and dielectric properties in PbZrO3/PbZrTiO3 antiferroelectric/ferroelectric bilayer bulk structure using Landau theory
Authors: Alrub Ahmad Musleh , Anbar Abd Aljabar , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M. A.
Published: June 2024

Employing Landau theory and the Landau–Khalatnikov (L–K) equation of motion, we investigate the phase transitions in individual layers of antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PbZrO3), ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PbZrTiO3), and an antiferroelectric/ferroelectric PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer bulk structure. We examine the dielectric hysteresis loop behavior of the three systems, with a specific focus on the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer under different stabilities of the PbZrO3 layer. In addition, we explore cases where the coercive field of the bilayer structure is lower than that of the PbZrTiO3 individual layer. The recoverable electric energy for the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer increases significantly to 118 J/cm3 at an applied field of 7.5 × 108 V/m at 20 °C. In comparison, the PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 layer reaches 71.8 J/cm3 under the same field and temperature conditions. This is much higher than those predicted experimentally by previous studies on thin film single and bilayer structures (15.6 and 28.2 J/Cm3 respectively), indicating that the antiferroelectric/ferroelectric PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer bulk structure could be used to target specific large-scale, long-term energy storage applications. Upon increasing the value of the coupling coefficient, the transition temperatures of the PbZrO3 layer and the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer are increased up to the transition temperature of the PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 individual layer (450 °C). This increment in the transition temperature in the bilayer system contributes to its stability in storing energy at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the recoverable energy density of the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer increases further with temperature from 20 to 440 °C correlated with the rise in the difference between the spontaneous and the remanent polarizations (Ps − Pr). The significant stored energy observed over a wide temperature range highlights the promise of this bilayer structure for creating high-power capacitors where stability at different temperatures is crucial and possesses greater energy storage capacity.
Lattice match between coexisting cubic and tetragonal phases in PMN-PT at the phase transition
Authors: Biran Ido , Bosak Alexei , Ye Zuo-Guang , Levin Igor , Gorfman Semën
Published: June 2024

(1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) perovskite-like solid solutions are recognized for their outstanding electromechanical properties, which are of technological importance. However, some significant aspects of the crystal structures and domain assemblages in this system and the role of these characteristics in defining the functional performance of PMN-PT remain uncertain. Here, we used synchrotron x-ray diffraction to investigate the phase transition linking the paraelectric (cubic) and ferroelectric (tetragonal) phases in a single crystal of 0.65PMN-0.35PT. We analyzed the evolution of reciprocal-space maps across this transition. These maps were collected using small temperature step (1 K) and a high reciprocal-space resolution to reveal changes in the splitting of Bragg peaks caused by the formation of ferroelastic domains in the low-symmetry phase. Our results uncovered a two-phase state, cubic plus tetragonal phases, which exists over a narrow temperature range of only ≈4 K and exhibits a thermal hysteresis of ≈1.8 K. Remarkably, within this state, the lattice parameter of the cubic phase, aC, matches the orientational average of the lattice parameters for the tetragonal polymorph, 23aT+13cT. We discuss the implications of this matching, highlighting the possibility of it being realized by the formation of an assemblage of tetragonal twin domains separated from the cubic phase by a strain-free {110} boundary, as in the “adaptive phase” but without domain miniaturization.
Finite element analysis of pulse sharpening effect of gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line based on Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Lin Munan , Li Haibo , Qi Xin
Published: June 2024

Ferrite-loaded gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line (GNLTL) provides a possible option to compress an input pulse to a narrower width for its remarkable sharpening effect. However, it is difficult to accurately predict the output of the GNLTL due to the complex interaction between the magnetic moment of ferrite and the bias magnetic field. In this paper, a finite element model of the GNLTL is established based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation to investigate the performance of the GNLTL. To validate this model, a prototype is used for experimental comparison. The result demonstrates good agreement between experiment and simulation. This paper further explores the influence of the bias magnetic field and the length of the GNLTL on the output pulse. Moreover, a method to sharpen the falling edge is proposed based on the reflection and superposition of the GNLTL output. Simulation and experimental results show its effectiveness and feasibility.
Influence of contact characteristics of joint surface on vibration performance of the giant magnetostrictive transducer
Authors: Yang Rui , Hao Zhenxing , Hu Xiaojing , Chen Yunshuai , Xu Guangyao
Published: June 2024

The giant magnetostrictive transducer is a transducer device that realizes magneto-mechanical energy conversion. Each mechanical component is connected by the joint surface to realize the transmission of ultrasonic vibration energy. To ensure the efficient transmission of energy, the influence of the contact characteristics of the joint surface on the output stability of the transducer is studied. According to the contact conditions between the mechanical joint surfaces of the giant magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer (GMUT), the key factors affecting the mechanical vibration performance of the ultrasonic system are obtained by analyzing the vibration transmission characteristics of the joint surfaces. The influence of different joint surface contact characteristics (JSCT) on the amplitude–frequency curve of the transducer is analyzed by the ANSYS software. Simulations and experiments have been conducted to verify the predicted results. As the preload force increases, the natural frequency of the transducer increases, but the growth rate decreases. The natural frequency of the double-rod GMUT with a small joint surface area is slightly higher in the optimal output mode shape, while its amplitude is significantly larger. The optimal prestress for the GMUT with different-sized joint surfaces is 3–5 MPa. This paper acquires the JSCT under a high-frequency vibration condition, reveals the influence of the joint surface on the mechanical output performance of the GMUT, and can provide a theoretical basis for the design and analysis of the rotary ultrasonic vibration processing system.
Study on the violent splitting and coalescence characteristics of large-scale rising bubbles
Authors: Lyu Jun , Shi Wen-Kui , Shen Yan-Ming , Ming Fu-Ren , Chen Cheng
Published: June 2024

Large-scale rising bubbles exist in some extreme marine engineering fields, such as the exploitation of combustible ice and submarine volcanism. The violent splitting and coalescence process of large-scale rising bubbles with internal pressure comparable to ambient pressure differs greatly from that of the normal small-scale bubbles and high-pressure bubbles. In this paper, the complex splitting and coalescence characteristics of large-scale rising bubbles are studied with a multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach. The effects of the arrangement of bubbles, initial centroid distance, and the ratios of bubble radii on the bubble splitting and coalescence characteristics are investigated. The results show that the arrangement of the bubbles dictates whether or not the two bubbles coalesce and influences the coalescence mode of the bubbles further. When two large-scale bubbles are arranged horizontally, the initial spacing of bubbles has minimal influence on the coalescence features, and they always bounce off each other. When the bubbles are not placed horizontally, the bubbles can coalesce in two modes: direct-absorption coalescence and penetrating reverse-absorption coalescence. When arranged vertically, the initial centroid distance affects the coalescence extent of bubbles, and when the vertical distance exceeds five times the bubble radius, the two bubbles do not interact with each other. When the leading bubble is too large relative to the trailing bubble, the large ratios of bubble radii play negative roles in the coalescence of bubbles.
A lightweight, conservation-moment-based implicit gas kinetic Lax–Wendroff scheme for all Knudsen number isothermal gas flows
Authors: Li Weidong , Fang Ming , Zhao Jinshan , Wang Yong , Wen Mengke
Published: June 2024

This work presents an efficient implicit gas kinetic Lax–Wendroff scheme for steady isothermal gas flows in all Knudsen number (Kn) regimes. In the scheme, the discrete velocity Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model equations (DVE) and the associated conservation moment equations (CME) are coupled and solved by matrix-free implicit schemes. Thanks to obtaining the fluxes of the CME by multiplying the fluxes of the DVE with a projection matrix and utilizing the equilibrium distribution functions at the new time predicted by the CME, both the complicated macro fluxes reconstruction of the CME and the calculation of the Jacobian matrix of the equilibrium distribution functions are not needed in the scheme, which makes the scheme lightweight. Moreover, to enhance the accuracy of the predicted equilibrium distribution functions at the new time to improve the convergence, a symmetric Gauss–Seidel scheme with inner iterations is used to solve the CME system. Due to the coupling between the DVE and the CME, the highly efficient implicit scheme for the CME drives the DVE system to converge quickly for the continuum and near-continuum flows. Furthermore, to verify the accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed implicit scheme, comparison studies of several two-dimensional isothermal rarefied gas flow cases simulated by the present implicit scheme and the explicit gas kinetic Lax–Wendroff scheme are also provided. The numerical results show that the present implicit scheme can be as accurate as its explicit counterpart with one to two orders times speed-up in all Kn number flow regimes.
The impact of choledochal cysts on bile fluid dynamics: A perspective using computational fluid dynamics and surface mapping technique
Authors: Li Xueren , Ni Xiaojian , Sun Wentao , Liu Jiaying , Shang Yidan , Liu Houbao , Tu Jiyuan
Published: June 2024

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are an important risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma, though their etiology remains debated. Given the vital role of bile fluid in digestive processes within the biliary system, examining such mechanisms from the perspective of bile fluid dynamics may offer additional insights for clinical use. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based patient-specific scans for detailed reconstruction and further employed the computational fluid dynamic method to assess the physiological functions of each system, including refilling and emptying processes. The impact of bile rheological property was also examined. Key biomechanical parameters—pressure and wall shear stress (WSS)—were displayed on a two-dimensional plane via surface mapping for enhanced visualization and comparative analysis. Outcomes demonstrated a significant reduction in bile flow velocity in CCs patients due to common bile duct's anatomical features and bile's shear-thinning, non-Newtonian nature, with a notable increase in pressure drop observed. In healthy biliary systems, WSS variations were minimal; however, in CCs patients, extreme WSS differences were found, with the highest WSS in the segmental bile duct and the lowest in the dilatation area, presenting a magnitude difference of approximately 1000. CCs one showed WSS levels 100–250 times higher than healthy ones in the common bile duct. Bile rheological properties substantially affect pressure and WSS patterns, particularly WSS, where pathological bile caused a tenfold increase in WSS compared to healthy bile. The findings aimed to enhance the understanding of biliary fluid mechanics in CCs and offer insights into selected fluidic variables for future microfluidic chip experiments.
Encoding control system for twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Zheng Xin-Yang , Lin Jin , Li Yu-Huai , Wang Min-Yan , Liao Sheng-Kai , Peng Cheng-Zhi
Published: June 2024

The Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) protocol has the potential to realize secure key distribution over extremely long distances, which is an important technique for realizing a global quantum network. Compared to the conventional BB84 protocol, practical TF-QKD and its variant protocols require an accurate phase modulation to at least 16 different values with randomized encoding. In this work, we developed an encoding control system for TF-QKD. Optical pulses with five different intensities and 16 different phases can be modulated with a clock frequency of 100 MHz with a field programmable gate array based arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). With the assistance of DDR4 memory, waveforms exceeding 200 ms in length can be output simultaneously on 4 pairs of differential channels, making the random number pairing between two different encoding systems close to the expected ratio when using cyclic random numbers for experimental demonstration. The AWG boasts a long-term amplitude stability better than 0.03% and supports seamless concatenation and cyclic output of waveforms, demonstrating a strong and sustained performance in long-duration experiments. Sending-or-not-sending TF-QKD was demonstrated with the encoding control system, with a secure key rate of 1.33 × 10−5 per pulse under the total channel loss of ∼32 dB.
Modeling and simulation of osteocyte process–fluid interaction in a canaliculus
Authors: Barber Jared , Mukhin Maxim , Maybruck Vanessa , Zhu Luoding
Published: June 2024

An osteocyte is a bone cell situated inside a hard bone matrix in an interstice (lacuna). It has many dendritic structures called cellular processes that radiate outward from the cell through the bone matrix via cylindrical openings (canaliculi). Osteocytes can sense stress and strain applied by the interstitial fluid flow and respond by releasing biochemical signals that regulate bone remodeling. In vitro experiments have suggested that the stress and strain typically experienced at the macroscale tissue level have to be amplified 10× in order for osteocytes to have a significant response in vivo. This stress and strain amplification mechanism is not yet well understood. Previous studies suggest that the processes are the primary sites for mechanosensation thanks to the tethering elements that attach the process membrane to the canalicular wall. However, there are other potential factors which may also contribute to stress and strain amplification, such as canalicular wall geometry and osteocyte-associated proteins in the interstitial space called pericellular matrix. In this work, we perform computational studies to study how canalicular wall roughness affects stress and strain amplification. Our major finding is that the wall roughness induces significantly greater wall shear stress (WSS) on the process when the wall roughness increases flow resistance; and the roughness has relatively smaller influence on the WSS when the resistance remains the same.
An optimized convolutional neural network architecture for lung cancer detection
Authors: Pathan Sameena , Ali Tanweer , P G Sudheesh , P Vasanth Kumar , Rao Divya
Published: June 2024

Lung cancer, the treacherous malignancy affecting the respiratory system of a human body, has a devastating impact on the health and well-being of an individual. Due to the lack of automated and noninvasive diagnostic tools, healthcare professionals look forward toward biopsy as a gold standard for diagnosis. However, biopsy could be traumatizing and expensive process. Additionally, the limited availability of dataset and inaccuracy in diagnosis is a major drawback experienced by researchers. The objective of the proposed research is to develop an automated diagnostic tool for screening of lung cancer using optimized hyperparameters such that convolutional neural network (CNN) model generalizes well for universally obtained computerized tomography (CT) slices of lung pathologies. The aforementioned objective is achieved in the following ways: (i) Initially, a preprocessing methodology specific to lung CT scans is formulated to avoid the loss of information due to random image smoothing, and (ii) a sine cosine algorithm optimization algorithm (SCA) is integrated in the CNN model, to optimally select the tuning parameters of CNN. The error rate is used as an objective function, and the SCA algorithm tries to minimize. The proposed method successfully achieved an average classification accuracy of 99% in classification of lung scans in normal, benign, and malignant classes. Further, the generalization ability of the proposed model is tested on unseen dataset, thereby achieving promising results. The quantitative results prove the efficacy of the system to be used by radiologists in a clinical scenario.