bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Scale-Up Model in Early Childhood: Long-Term Impacts on Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Clements Douglas H. , Sarama Julie , Layzer Carolyn , Unlu Fatih
Published: January 2023

A follow-up of a cluster-randomized trial evaluated the long-term impacts of a scale-up model composed of 10 research-based guidelines grounded in learning trajectories. Two treatment groups received the intervention during the prekindergarten year, and one of these groups received follow-through support in kindergarten and first grade. Business-as-usual curricula were used in all other cases, including all years for the control group. Early effects on mathematics achievement decreased through fourth grade but reemerged at fifth grade. These results support both a latent trait hypothesis, whereby stable characteristics of students explain differences in achievement, and a latent foundation hypothesis, whereby early mathematical knowledge and skills provide a foundation for competence in mathematics in later years, especially those that involve challenging mathematics.
Approximating Pi
Authors: Gonzalez Lidia
Published: January 2023

This method using the area of regular polygons inscribed in circles to approximate a value for pi is similar to the method used by Archimedes using circumferences.
Same Task but Different Learning Goals
Authors: Sigmon Stephanie D. , Halpin Kelly Q. , Ettere Damien J. , Suh Jennifer
Published: January 2023

This article models how to plan and facilitate implementing the same task in two sixth-grade classrooms with two different learning goals using the Five Practices structure.
ASIS Cognitive Profiles of Children with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Cirık Mevlut , Sak Ugur , Arslan Deniz , Karaduman Engin , Opengin Ercan
Published: January 2023

Intelligence scales are widely used for cognitive profile analyses in the diagnosis of learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive profiles of children with learning disabilities on a new test of intelligence, the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale. The intelligence test was administered to 89 children diagnosed with general learning disabilities. A matched control group (N = 92) was randomly selected from the norm sample.  Data analyses included latent profile analyses and comparisons of scores across groups and within-group comparisons. The findings showed that the mean general intelligence and means of the verbal and visual ability of children with learning disabilities were in the average range but closer to the lower boundary. The mean of working memory was slightly below the average range and significantly lower than the mean of the matched control group. Latent profile analyses showed three distinct profiles: the zigzag profile, wavy profile, and waterfall profile.  The only weakness shared by the three profiles is visual sequential processing memory. The results imply that weak sequential processing memory may contribute to learning disabilities. 

Las escalas de inteligencia se utilizan ampliamente para el análisis de perfiles cognitivos en el diagnóstico de problemas de aprendizaje. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar los perfiles cognitivos de los niños con problemas de aprendizaje en una nueva prueba de inteligencia, la Escala de Inteligencia Anadolu-Sak. La prueba de inteligencia se administró a 89 niños diagnosticados con discapacidades generales de aprendizaje. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente un grupo de control emparejado (N = 92) de la muestra estándar. Los análisis de datos incluyeron análisis de perfil latente y comparaciones de puntuaciones entre grupos y comparaciones dentro de los grupos. Los hallazgos mostraron que la inteligencia general media y los medios de la capacidad verbal y visual de los niños con problemas de aprendizaje estaban en el rango promedio pero más cerca del límite inferior. La media de la memoria de trabajo estaba ligeramente por debajo del rango medio y significativamente más baja que la media del grupo de control emparejado. Los análisis de perfil latente mostraron tres perfiles distintos: el perfil en zigzag, el perfil ondulado y el perfil en cascada. La única debilidad compartida por los tres perfiles es la memoria de procesamiento secuencial visual. Los resultados implican que la memoria de procesamiento secuencial débil puede contribuir a las discapacidades de aprendizaje.
Academic stress and adaptation to university life: mediation of cognitive-emotional regulation and social support
Authors: Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Bedoya Cardona Erika Yohanna , Cuartas Montoya Gina Paula , Cassaretto Bardales Mónica de los Milagros , Vilela Alemán Yuliana Patty
Published: January 2023

University life involve personal, social, academic, and institutional challenges to which the students must adapt not only to achieve academic success but also to guarantee a good physical and mental health during the career. This period can be influenced by stressful situations that can affect at personal and academic level. The objective of the present study was to determine, through an analysis with structural equations, whether various cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and perceived social support, act as mediators of the effect of stress on adaptation to university life in 555 Colombian university students (437 women, 78.7%) with ages from 16 to 49 years (M = 22.83; SD = 4.774). The results show that the cognitive-emotional regulation strategies positive (Focus and Reappraisal), negative (Rumination, Self-blame and Blaming others) and social

La vida universitaria implica retos personales, sociales, académicos e institucionales a los que los estudiantes deben adaptarse no sólo para lograr el éxito académico sino también para garantizar una buena salud física y mental durante la carrera. Este periodo puede estar influenciado por situaciones estresantes que pueden afectar a nivel personal y académico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar, mediante un análisis con ecuaciones estructurales, si diversas estrategias de regulación cognitivo-emocional y el apoyo social percibido, actúan como mediadores del efecto del estrés sobre la adaptación a la vida universitaria en 555 estudiantes universitarios colombianos (437 mujeres, 78,7%) con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 49 años (M= 22,83; DT = 4,774). Los resultados muestran que las estrategias de regulación cognitivo-emocional positiva (Focus y Reappraisal), negativa (Rumiación, Autoculpabilización y Culpar a otros) y el apoyo social son mediadores del efecto del estrés sobre la adaptación a la vida universitaria.
Evaluation report of Early Intervention Program in Situations of Youth-to-Parent Aggression: What happens one year after?
Authors: Elgorriaga Astondoa Edurne , Ibabe Izaskun , Arnoso Ainara , Asla Nagore
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The Early Intervention Program in Situations of Youth-to-Parent Aggression (EI-YPA) is the only program for incipient youth-to-parent aggression. It has a good level of protocolization and is open access. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the EI-YPA program on adolescents in the medium term, as well as the level of satisfaction and acceptability with respect to the subprogram aimed at adolescents.
Methods: Among the participants who successfully completed the program, 22 adolescents (between 12 and 17 years old) and 49 parents participated in the study in Spain. A single-case experimental design was applied, allowing the monitoring of change within adolescents through comparison between phases (pre-, post-intervention, and follow-up at 6 months).
Results: Empirical evidence favourable to the program was observed, showing reductions in youth-to-parent aggression, clinical symptoms (depressive symptoms, irrational beliefs, a lack of empathy, and emotional instability), and the perception of family conflict in the medium term after the intervention, alongside improved life satisfaction.
Conclusions: This study improves the quality of the evidence of this pioneering program, having a positive impact on adolescents in the medium term and good acceptability by adolescents; it can thus be considered a very promising program for the clinical and family protection context.

Introducción: El Programa de Intervención Precoz en Situaciones de Violencia Filio-Parental (IP-VFP) tiene un buen nivel de protocolización y es de acceso abierto. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del programa IP-VFP en los/as adolescentes a medio plazo. Métodos: Los/as participantes fueron 22 adolescentes (entre 12 y 17 años) y 49 padres-madres de familias españolas, que habían completado el programa. Se aplicó un diseño experimental de caso único, permitiendo realizar el seguimiento del cambio en los/as adolescentes mediante la comparación entre fases (pre, post-intervención y seguimiento a los 6 meses). Resultados. A medio plazo tras la intervención, se observó una disminución de la violencia filio-parental, de los síntomas clínicos (síntomas depresivos, creencias irracionales, inestabilidad emocional y falta de empatía), y de la percepción del conflicto familiar, así como un aumento de la satisfacción vital. Conclusiones: Este estudio aporta más evidencias de la calidad de este programa pionero, ya que se comprueba que tiene un impacto positivo en los/as adolescentes a medio plazo y que tiene una buena aceptabilidad por parte de ellos/as, por lo que puede considerarse un programa muy prometedor para el contexto clínico y de protección familiar.
The adaptation of Silencing the Self Scale for Women into Turkish: The study of validity and reliability
Authors: Bozkur Binaz
Published: January 2023

Objective: Self-silencing is a variable associated with psychological disorders in women, especially with depression. The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Self-Silencing Scale and to enable the scale to be used in the field of mental health. Method: 560 women, aged from 18 to 59, enrolled in the study. Results: First and higher order confirmatory factor analyzes (CFA) revealed sufficient goodness of fit values ​​for the four-factor structure of the scale. It was observed that the values ​​obtained from the Cronbach's Alpha and test-retest reliability studies of the scale were also within acceptable limits. Discussion: Evidence was reached that the scale which adapted to Turkish within the scope of the study is a valid and reliable measurement tool. These results show that the scale has a counterpart in Turkish culture and indicates a similar structure and can be used in future studies.

Objetivo: El auto-silenciamiento es una variable asociada a trastornos psicológicos en mujeres, especialmente a la depresión. El objetivo de este estudio es probar las propiedades psicométricas de la forma turca de la Escala de Auto-silenciamiento y permitir que la escala se utilice en el campo de la salud mental. Método: 560 mujeres, con edades entre 18 y 59 años, inscritas en el estudio. Resultados: Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC) de primer y orden superior revelaron valores de bondad de ajuste suficientes para la estructura de cuatro factores de la escala. Se observó que los valores obtenidos del Alfa de Cronbach y de los estudios de confiabilidad test-retest de la escala también se encontraban dentro de límites aceptables. Discusión: Se evidenció que la escala que se adaptó al turco dentro del ámbito del estudio es una herramienta de medición válida y confiable. Estos resultados muestran que la escala tiene una contraparte en la cultura turca e indica una estructura similar y puede usarse en estudios futuros.
What do we know about highly effective therapists? A systematic review
Authors: Pereira Gladis Lee , Trujillo Sanchez Carolina , Alonso-Vega Jesús , Echevarría-Escalante Daniel , Froxán-Parga María Xesús
Published: January 2023

Highly effective therapists are clinicians who systematically achieve excellent therapeutic outcomes. However, variables that could explain this performance still unknown. To identify these variables (i.e., definition, objective measurements; and the degree to which the independent variables measure what it claims) could help to know more about highly effective therapists’ performance. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2000 and 2020 -from Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Scholar and ProQuest Research Library databases- were included. After analyzing 2784 empirical works, 31 studies have met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review allowed to identify, summarize, and define almost 50 variables that could predict therapists’ effects. The need to increase construct validity, to improve empirical designs, and to measure therapist-client interaction is discussed.

Los terapeutas altamente eficaces son aquellos que logran sistemáticamente elevados niveles de éxito terapéutico. Sin embargo, aunque se contraste empíricamente dicha eficacia inter-terapeuta, todavía no se conocen cuáles son las conductas que explican este desempeño diferenciado. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las variables asociadas a estos terapeutas altamente eficaces, sus definiciones, los parámetros de medida de éxito y la precisión con la que se miden los constructos de interés. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) con publicaciones entre los años 2000 y 2020 de las bases de datos Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Académico y ProQuest Research Library. Se seleccionaron 2784 artículos empíricos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los principales resultados muestran que hay casi 50 variables predictoras del efecto del terapeuta. Se resume y se define cada una de estas variables psicológicas, y se concluye que para lograr explicar el alto nivel de éxito inter-terapeuta es necesario incrementar la validez de constructo de las variables predictivas, adecuar el diseño de las investigaciones e incluir datos con respecto a la interacción entre el terapeuta y su cliente.
The relationship between psychological distress and professional identity in graduate nursing students during COVID-19: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis
Authors: Dong Chaoqun , Xu Huan , Ren Liya , Wang Yuxin , Yang Yeqin , Sun Hongyu
Published: January 2023

There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health and professional identity of nursing students. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of psychological dis-tress and professional identity and examine their causal relationship among graduate nursing students. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 556 graduate nursing students in China who were asked to complete the Questionnaires for Emergent Events of Public Health and the Profes-sional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students at three timepoints dur-ing the pandemic (T1 = onset of the outbreak, T2 = state-wide isolation, T3 = school reopening). The results showed that psychological distress and psychological identity changed over time, with the lowest psychologi-cal distress and highest professional identity at T3. The cross-lagged analy-sis showed that professional identity at T1 and T2 negatively predicted psychological distress at T2 and T3. We concluded that nurse educators should develop programs and strategies to cultivate professional identity in graduate nursing education to improve mental health during public health crises.

Cada vez hay más evidencia de que la reciente epidemia de que la COVID-19 puede afectar a la salud mental y la identidad profesional de los estudiantes de posgrado en enfermería. Es por ello que el propósito de este estudio fue explorar las trayectorias del estrés psicológico y la identidad ocupacional y examinar su relación causal de dichos estudiantes de posgra-do durante la nueva epidemia. Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo longi-tudinal con 556 estudiantes de posgrado en enfermería en China, a los que se les pidió que completaran los cuestionarios de emergencia de salud pú-blica y el de identidad ocupacional para estudiantes de enfermería en tres etapas del brote (T1 = brote, T2 = aislamiento estatal, T3 = reapertura es-colar). Los resultados mostraron que estrés psicológico y la identidad psico-lógica de los estudiantes universitarios habían cambiado con el tiempo. En T3, la perturbación emocional fue la más baja y la identidad ocupacional la más alta. El análisis de retraso cruzado mostró que la identidad ocupacional de T1 y T2 tenía un efecto predictivo negativo sobre la perturbación psico-lógica de T2 y T3. Conclusión: los educadores de enfermería deberían for-mular programas y estrategias que cultiven la identidad profesional de sus estudiantes a fin de mejorar la salud mental en emergencias públicas.
Intimate Partner Violence: perspective of convicts and psychologists of penitentiary institutions. A Qualitative analysis with focus groups
Authors: Cormos Lucia Simina , Godoy-Fernández Carmen , Pina David , Puente-López Esteban , García-Jiménez Jesús Javier , Marín-Talón María Catalina , Ruiz-Hernández José Antonio
Published: January 2023

Intimate Partner Violence is a complex process in which indi-vidual, relational and contextual variables intervene. The aim of this study was to explore coping strategies and relational dynamics in conflict situa-tions involving people convicted of intimate partner violence with their partners. Focus groups were conducted with convicted intimate partner violence offenders (12 participants) and with psychology professionals (4 participants). The data were explored through thematic analysis following the Nested Ecological Model. The group of convicted perpetrators showed roles of authority and superiority over the woman, a feeling of vulnerability and rejection of the existing legal framework, fear of being arrested for wanting to continue the relationship, the need to control the partner driven by jealousy, justification or denial of responsibility in violent situations or instrumentalization of the children in common. The professionals point out cultural aspects that facilitate violent patterns and roles in the couple's dynamics, communication problems, denial or low awareness of the crime, among other issues. The results are of special interest both for profession-als who wish to learn or deepen their knowledge on the subject, as well as for those who work in intervention and/or prevention of intimate partner violence.

La violencia de género es un proceso complejo en el cual intervienen variables individuales, relacionales y contextuales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las estrategias de afrontamiento y dinámicas relacionales en situaciones conflictivas en condenados por violencia de género con sus parejas. Se realizaron grupos focales con condenados por violencia de género (12 participantes) y con profesionales de la psicología (4 participantes). Los datos se exploraron mediante análisis temático siguiendo el Modelo Ecológico Anidado. El grupo de condenados muestra roles de autoridad y superioridad sobre la mujer, sensación de vulnerabilidad y rechazo ante el marco jurídico existente, miedo a sufrir arrestos por querer continuar con la relación, la necesidad de control de la pareja impulsada por lo celos, la justificación o negación de responsabilidad en las situaciones violentas o instrumentalización de los hijos/as en común. Los profesionales señalan aspectos culturales que facilitan esquemas y roles violentos en la dinámica de pareja, problemas de comunicación, negación o baja conciencia del delito, entre otros temas. Los resultados son de especial interés tanto para los profesionales que deseen conocer o profundizar en la temática como para quienes trabajen en la intervención y/o prevención en violencia de género.
Validity of Self-Reports Provided by People With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Danés Marta , Botella Juan , Belinchón Mercedes
Published: January 2023

Background: Literature collects that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (ASD-noID) frequently suffer co-occurring clinical problems that predict poorer adult outcome and reduce quality of life (QoL). Previous studies pose doubts about their capacity to recognize and communicate these problems, but that is an issue that, although relevant, has not yet been systematically revised. Method: A meta-analysis on 32 studies (1422 pairs of participants) was carried out to assess to what extent self-reports provided by people with ASD-noID match those provided by their parents. The articles were categorized according to the domains assessed and method. Results: Significant differences between self- and hetero-reports were found in the domains of Depression, QoL and Social skills (d= 0.406; -0.399 and -0.683, respectively), but not in Anxiety and Social anxiety. The average degree of agreement between both groups of reports was r = .40. Conclusions: Self- and hetero-reports do not provide interchangeable results on the problems of people with ASD-noID. However, a general inability to validate self-reporting cannot be attributed to them. Deeper analysis is necessary to allow to optimize the use of self-reports in this population with both clinical and research purposes.

Antecedentes: La literatura recoge que en las personas con Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo sin discapacidad intelectual (TEA-noDI) concurren frecuentemente problemas clínicos que predicen peor ajuste en su vida adulta y reducen su calidad de vida (CdV). Estudios previos plantean dudas sobre la capacidad de estas personas para reconocer y comunicar estos problemas, pero esta cuestión, aunque relevante, no se ha revisado sistemáticamente. Método: Se realizó un meta-análisis sobre 32 estudios (1422 pares de participantes) para evaluar hasta qué punto los autoinformes aportados por personas con TEA-noDI coinciden con los aportados por sus padres. Los artículos se categorizaron en función de los dominios evaluados y el método. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre auto- y hetero-informes en los dominios de Depresión, CdV y Habilidades sociales (d = 0.406; -0.399 y -0.683, respectivamente), pero no en Ansiedad y Ansiedad social. El grado de acuerdo medio entre ambos grupos de evaluaciones fue r = .40. Conclusiones: Los autoinformes y los hetero-informes no proporcionan resultados intercambiables, pero no se puede atribuir a estas personas una incapacidad general para aportar autoinformes válidos. Se necesitan análisis más profundos que permitan optimizar el uso de autoinformes en esta población tanto con fines clínicos como de investigación.
DIRECTIVE METHODOLOGY OF THE 4 PHASES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT AND MIGRATION TOWARDS INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: FRANCO JOSE EMMANUEL , JIMENEZ GARCIA JOSE ALFREDO , HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ SALVADOR , BRAVO SANCHEZ MICAEL GERANDO , CAMARILLO GOMEZ KARLA-ANHEL , BELMAN LOPEZ CARLOS EDUARDO
Published: January 2023

This article shows the development of a new methodology whose purpose is to support and guide senior managers of manufacturing industries for the improvement and migration of their organizations to industry 4.0 (I4.0). This methodology is the result of a pure research developed in the last 3 years (2019-2022). Which is based on the study of science and engineering tools that have served in solving problems for manufacturing organizations in the last 100 years and are still valid and are key to the complete technological adoption and migration towards industry 4.0. As a result of the development of the current research, the following 3 new concepts to the scientific and industrial community are presented: 1.- The house of improvement and migration towards I4.0. 2.- Methodology of the 4 phases for the improvement and migration towards I4.0 and 3.- The cycle for the improvement and migration to I4.0. It is hoped that through the uses and applications of these concepts, manufacturing organizations will be able to migrate in a gradual, measurable and controllable way to Industry 4.0.

Key Words: Industry 4.0, business management, methodology, migration, strategic objectives.
ApS con fuentes orales para hacer frente a la España vaciada en Educación Infantil
Authors: López-Torres Esther , Carril-Merino María Teresa , Alonso-Neila Elena
Published: January 2023

Formar una ciudadanía crítica ante los problemas de nuestro tiempo constituye una finalidad esencial de la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales en todas las etapas educativas. Para alcanzarla, el Aprendizaje Servicio (ApS) y el recurso a las fuentes orales pueden resultar especialmente útiles en Educación Infantil. Este estudio profundiza en las posibilidades que ofrece en esta etapa fusionar ambas prácticas metodológicas para facilitar la comprensión de problemáticas sociales y el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento histórico y compromiso social. Esta investigación cualitativa adopta un enfoque metodológico hermenéutico basado en el análisis de los aprendizajes generados en una muestra de 25 escolares de entre 4 y 5 años que, a partir de entrevistas a sus abuelos, desarrollan un proyecto de ApS centrado en la España vaciada. Los resultados confirman el potencial educativo que tiene en Educación Infantil la utilización de fuentes orales para acercarse desde el ApS a problemas sociales actuales, promoviendo aprendizajes cognitivo-académicos, cívicos y sociales.
Current Trends in the Manifestation of Socio-Psychological Distress in Adolescents
Authors: Tsirul'nikova Elena Aleksandrovna , Lukanin Nikita Sergeevich
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is the content of the main socio-psychological difficulties and problems that encourage modern adolescents to seek psychological help and are manifestations of socio-psychological distress. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of the content of requests for advisory practice for the period 2012-2022. The city center of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance of Yaroslavl. All requests for psychological help were classified by the authors into several groups: communicative problems (reflecting the specifics of relations with the adolescent's society); problems arising in the development of general educational and universal actions; psycho-emotional difficulties and crises (including experiencing eating disorders, suicidal disorders, autoaggression, traumatic experience) and destructive behavior (antisociality, aggression and dependent behavior). A mathematical analysis of the dynamics of appeals of each type was carried out. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions were formulated about the content of the main difficulties and problems that are relevant for modern adolescents and are the subject of an appeal to a psychologist. These include difficulties in relationships with others, the development of a tendency to autoaggression, eating disorders and an increase in a number of problems associated with psychoemotional difficulties, violence. In conclusion, the types of innovative activities of the center for improving the communicative, psycho-emotional and behavioral aspects of the socio-psychological well-being of adolescents are described. The novelty of the described research consists in the development and testing of a system of programs to reduce the socio-psychological distress of adolescents. A special place in them is occupied by programs of work with parents.
Efficacy of Mechanical Seedling Transplanter and Deep Placement of Mixed Fertilizer on Rice Yield
Authors: Begum Setara , Islam M. S. , Rashid M. M. , Manir M. R. , Rahman M. H. , Hossen M. A.
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the West Byde of BRRI farm, Gazipur during T. Aman and Boro, 2021-22 season to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed mechanical rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator. Five treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Field experiments was conducted on silty clay loam soil in Gazipur.  Individual plot size was 8m×5m with 30 cm buffer zone. The treatments were T1 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer (Urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T2 = Mechanical transplanting along with 80% fertilizer (80% Urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T3 = Mechanical transplanting along with 70% fertilizer (70% urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T4 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum fertilizer as basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T5 = Hand transplanting of same seedling of rice transplanter along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum in basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T6 = BRRI recommended practice. In this experiment, BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan92 was used in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. In the field, saving percentage of urea fertilizer varied from 25% to 28% against the calibration of 30% of urea saving due to the variation of the machine, operational speed and more penetration of the driving wheel during operation. It was found that grain yield was varied with the mode and rate of urea fertilizer application. Mechanical transplanting along with urea fertilizer deep placement (80% of recommended dose) gave significantly higher yield compared to manual transplanting and hand broadcasting of urea. Mechanical transplanting along with deep placement of urea fertilizer is a promising technology for rice farmers in Bangladesh. Manual transplanting is tedious and time consuming as a result mechanical transplanting is seen as a solution of labor problems. No significant differences among the treatments was found in growth parameters. Significant variations were recorded in case of yield. BRRI recommended practice and mechanical transplanting with 80% urea with other fertilizers were produced very similar grain yield. From these results, it might be said that mechanical transplanting with 80% urea fertilizer is recommended with BRRI recommended hand transplanting practice. Urea saving is additional benefit with time savings and low transplanting cost when transplanted with rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator.
Education and Poverty in Peru: A Review
Authors: Flores Yanina Faviola Bazán
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this review article is to review updated bibliographic references, and to determine the association relationships between education and poverty. The methodology used was the search for articles, magazines, theses, and books; in the database of the virtual library of the “César Vallejo” university; to later analyze this information and elaborate the development of the variables education and poverty; to finally conclude that the right to education is universal, endorsed by both world, regional and national organizations; being necessary for human development. Poverty is a complex socioeconomic problem with multiple dimensions, well studied and well known; education is key and fundamental to reduce poverty; the higher the educational level, the less poverty; On the contrary, a lower educational level would lead us to more poverty. Peru continues to be the country that invests the least in education in the region.
Comparison between Three Algorithms in Predicting the Location of Accessory Pathway by 12 Lead Surface ECG in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Patients
Authors: Roshdy Waleed Abd Allah , Badr Seham Fahmy , Kassem Hanan Kamel , Elsheikh Raghda Ghonimy , Nabih Mervat Abol Maaty
Published: January 2023

Background:  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, a pre-excitation condition that develops in 0.1-0.3% of the overall population, is brought on by the existence of an accessory atrioventricular circuit. With varied levels of difficulty and accuracy, many algorithms have been put forward for localizing accessory pathway (AP) utilizing 12-lead ECG analysis. This study aimed to compare between three algorithms in predicting where the accessory circuit is located in individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome using a 12-lead surface ECG guided by successful ablation site.

Methods: The research included 100 people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and was prospective cross-sectional in design. The patients were presented to the arrhythmia clinics at the Cardiology Departments in Tanta University Hospitals and Ain Shams University Hospitals (El-Demerdash hospital) and who were planned for electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation between July 2019 and July 2021. The ECG was analyzed and compared using the three selected algorithms and fluoroscopy was used to identify the location of a successful ablation at the time of catheter ablation. A complete electrophysiological study was done for exact localization of the accessory pathway.

Results: No major difference between the three algorithms in total accuracy was found, but as regard different AP locations, there was difference in sensitivity and specificity for each location between the three algorithms.

Conclusions: Arruda & d'Avila's approach was the most effective at predicting left-sided accessory pathways, while d'Avila then our proposed algorithm were the best algorithms for prediction of accessory pathways at right-sided. The best algorithms for detection of anteroseptal and mid-septal accessory pathways were our proposed algorithm and Arruda.
Study of the Role of Protein S in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Sheta Sarah Mohsen Kamel , El-Sharnouby Jehan Abd El-Hameed , Hantera Mohamed Sayed , Bayoumi Niveen Naeem Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Background: A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) was found for the first time in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and swiftly transmitted throughout the globe, resulting in a pandemic. The virus was determined as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and       the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the condition as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Aim of the Work: To assess the role of protein S in COVID 19 cases.

Patients and Methods: Study area setting: The research was applied in Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University.  Group I:  15 normal subjects with matched age and sex to patient group as a control group and II: 40 patients diagnosed with PCR as COVID -19 positive. Which include 25% of patients had severe disease, 55% had moderate severity, and 20% had mild disease.

Results: COVID-19 infection has a significant influence on the blood coagulation cascade, which might result in the presentation of serious signs and elevated mortalities.
Analysis of Tumor Mutational Burden, Progression-Free Survival, and Local-Regional Control in Patients with Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation and Durvalumab
Authors: Lebow Emily S. , Shepherd Annemarie , Eichholz Jordan E. , Offin Michael , Gelblum Daphna Y. , Wu Abraham J. , Simone Charles B. , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Jones David R. , Rimner Andreas , Chaft Jamie E. , Riaz Nadeem , Gomez Daniel R. , Shaverdian Narek
Published: January 2023

Importance

The addition of consolidative durvalumab to chemoradiation has improved disease control and survival in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there remains a need to identify biomarkers for response to this therapy to allow for risk adaptation and personalization.

Objectives

To evaluate whether TMB or other variants associated with radiation response are also associated with outcomes following definitive chemoradiation and adjuvant durvalumab among patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included consecutive patients with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC treated with chemoradiation and adjuvant durvalumab between November 2013 and March 2020 who had prospective comprehensive genomic profiling. This study was completed at a multisite tertiary cancer center. The median (IQR) follow-up time was 26 (21-36) months. Statistical analysis was conducted from April to October 2022.

Exposures

Patients were grouped into TMB-high (≥10 mutations/megabase [mt/Mb]) and TMB-low (<10 mt/Mb) groups and were additionally evaluated by the presence of somatic alterations associated with radiation resistance (KEAP1/NFE2L2) or radiation sensitivity (DNA damage repair pathway).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were 24-month local-regional failure (LRF) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

In this cohort study of 81 patients (46 [57%] male patients; median [range] age, 67 [45-85] years), 36 patients (44%) had TMB-high tumors (≥10 mt/Mb). Patients with TMB-high vs TMB-low tumors had markedly lower 24-month LRF (9% [95% CI, 0%-46%] vs 51% [95% CI, 36%-71%]; P = .001) and improved 24-month PFS (66% [95% CI, 54%-84%] vs 27% [95% CI, 13%-40%]; P = .003). The 24-month LRF was 52% (95% CI, 25%-84%) among patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2-altered tumors compared with 27% (95% CI, 17%-42%) among patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2-wildtype tumors (P = .05). On Cox analysis, only TMB status was associated with LRF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.64; P = .02) and PFS (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90; P = .03). Histology, disease stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, and pathogenic KEAP1/NFE2L2, KRAS, and DNA damage repair pathway alterations were not significantly associated with LRF or PFS.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, TMB-high status was associated with improved local-regional control and PFS after definitive chemoradiation and adjuvant durvalumab. TMB status may facilitate risk-adaptive radiation strategies in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC.
Adoption of Innovative Therapies Across Oncology Practices—Evidence From Immunotherapy
Authors: Carroll Caitlin E. , Landrum Mary Beth , Wright Alexi A. , Keating Nancy L.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Immunotherapies reflect an important breakthrough in cancer treatment, substantially improving outcomes for patients with a variety of cancer types, yet little is known about which practices have adopted this novel therapy or the pace of adoption.

Objective

To assess adoption of immunotherapies across US oncology practices and examine variation in adoption by practice type.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries undergoing 6-month chemotherapy episodes between 2010 and 2017. Data were analyzed January 19, 2021, to September 28, 2022, for patients with cancer types for which immunotherapy was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during the study period: melanoma, kidney cancer, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer.

Exposures

Oncology practice location (rural vs urban), affiliation type (academic system, nonacademic system, independent), and size (1 to 5 physicians vs 6 or more physicians).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was whether a practice adopted immunotherapy. Adoption rates for each practice type were estimated using multivariate linear models that adjusted for patient characteristics (age, sex, race and ethnicity, cancer type, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and median household income).

Results

Data included 71 659 episodes at 1732 oncology practices. Of these, 264 practices (15%) were rural, 900 (52%) were independent, and 492 (28%) had 1 to 5 physicians. Most practices adopted immunotherapy within 2 years of FDA approval, but there was substantial variation in adoption rates across practice types. After FDA approval, adoption of immunotherapy was 11 (95% CI, −16 to −6) percentage points lower at rural practices than urban practices and 27 (95% CI, −32 to −22) percentage points lower at practices with 1 to 5 physicians than practices with 6 or more physicians. Adoption rates were similar at independent practices and nonacademic systems; however, both practice types had lower adoption than academic systems (independent practice difference, −6 [95% CI, −9 to −3] percentage points; nonacademic systems difference, −9 [95% CI, −11 to −6] percentage points).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of Medicare claims, practice characteristics, especially practice size and rural location, were associated with adoption of immunotherapy. These findings suggest that there may be geographic disparities in access to important innovations for treating patients with cancer.
Thyroidectomy Outcomes in Patients Identified With RET Pathogenic Variants Through a Population Genomic Screening Program
Authors: Pichardo Priscilla F. A. , Hellums Ryan N. , Hao Jing , Savatt Juliann M. , Hassen Dina , Pellitteri Phillip K. , Alvi Madiha , Buchanan Adam H. , Purdy Nicholas C.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Population-based genomic screening can facilitate early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) RET variants.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical treatment and patient outcomes after identification of P/LP RET proto-oncogene variants associated with the risk of MTC via a population genomic screening program.

Design, Setting, Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study was completed between June 1, 2016, and May 31, 2022, for a mean follow-up period of 22.4 months (range, 2-76 months). The study included patients who were identified as having P/LP RET variants through a population genomic screening program at a rural tertiary care center and who underwent thyroidectomy after results disclosure.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes of interest were preoperative evaluation and treatment-related outcomes. Measures included imaging and laboratory findings, extent of surgery, pathologic diagnosis, and staging.

Results

Seventy-five patients were identified as having P/LP RET variants exclusively through genomic screening. Twenty of these patients (27%; 11 women [55%] and 9 men [45%]; median age, 48 years [range, 22-73 years]) underwent total thyroidectomy; 13 of these patients (65%) also had a central neck dissection. No patients had clinically apparent disease at the time of surgery. Pathologic findings indicated MTC for 12 patients and papillary thyroid carcinoma in 2. Of patients with MTC, 10 had stage I disease, 1 had stage II disease, 1 had stage III disease, and none had stage IV disease. Based on postoperative surveillance imaging and laboratory results, no patient had evidence of recalcitrant disease.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, all malignant neoplasms identified on surgical pathology were clinically occult, with surgical intervention based solely on the identification of the P/LP RET variant via population genomic screening. This finding suggests that genomic screening may provide opportunities for early detection and treatment of MTC, with the potential for improved patient outcomes.
The FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 triggers apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme and basal‐like breast cancer cells
Authors: Flores David , Lopez Alma , Udawant Shreya , Gunn Bonnie , Keniry Megan
Published: January 2023

Basal‐like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor‐prognosis cancers that lack effective targeted therapies and harbor embryonic stem gene expression signatures. Recently, our group and others found that forkhead box transcription factor FOXO1 promotes stem gene expression in BBC and GBM cell lines. Given the critical role of cancer stem cells in promoting cancer progression, we examined the impact of FOXO1 inhibition with AS1842856 (a cell‐permeable small molecule that directly binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 protein to block transcriptional regulation) on BBC and GBM cell viability. We treated a set of BBC and GBM cancer cell lines with increasing concentrations of AS1842856 and found reduced colony formation. Treatment of BBC and GBM cancer cells with AS1842856 led to increases in FAS (FAS cell surface death receptor) and BIM (BCL2L11) gene expression, as well as increased positivity for markers for apoptosis such as annexin V and propidium iodide. Treatment with another FOXO1 inhibitor AS1708727 or FOXO1 RNAi also led to FAS induction. This work is the first to show that targeting BBC and GBM with FOXO1 inhibition leads to apoptosis. These novel findings may ultimately expand the repertoire of therapies for poor‐prognosis cancers.
Dual beam‐current transformer design for monitoring and reporting of electron ultra‐high dose rate (FLASH) beam parameters
Authors: Liu Kevin , Palmiero Allison , Chopra Nitish , Velasquez Brett , Li Ziyi , Beddar Sam , Schüler Emil
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate the usefulness and effectiveness of a dual beam‐current transformer (BCTs) design to monitor and record the beam dosimetry output and energy of pulsed electron FLASH (eFLASH) beams in real‐time, and to inform on the usefulness of this design for future eFLASH beam control.

Methods

Two BCTs are integrated into the head of a FLASH Mobetron system, one located after the primary scattering foil and the other downstream of the secondary scattering foil. The response of the BCTs was evaluated individually to monitor beam output as a function of dose, scattering conditions, and ability to capture physical beam parameters such as pulse width (PW), pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and dose per pulse (DPP), and in combination to determine beam energy using the ratio of the lower‐to‐upper BCT signal.

Results

A linear relationship was observed between the absorbed dose measured on Gafchromic film and the BCT signals for both the upper and lower BCT (R2 > 0.99). A linear relationship was also observed in the BCT signals as a function of the number of pulses delivered regardless of the PW, DPP, or PRF (R2 > 0.99). The lower‐to‐upper BCT ratio was found to correlate strongly with the energy of the eFLASH beam due to differential beam attenuation caused by the secondary scattering foil. The BCTs were also able to provide accurate information about the PW, PRF, energy, and DPP for each individual pulse delivered in real‐time.

Conclusion

The dual BCT system integrated within the FLASH Mobetron was shown to be a reliable monitoring system able to quantify accelerator performance and capture all essential physical beam parameters on a pulse‐by‐pulse basis, and the ratio between the two BCTs was strongly correlated with beam energy. The fast signal readout and processing enables the BCTs to provide real‐time information on beam output and energy and is proposed as a system suitable for accurate beam monitoring and control of eFLASH beams.
Alleviation of Hepatic Steatosis by 4‐azidophlorizin via the Degradation of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase by the Ubiquitin‐Proteasome Pathway in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: Ye Juan , Qi Yaling , Chen Jiao , Zhang Shihu , Liu Boyuan , Zhao Yinjuan , Yuan Xianwen , Cheng Qi , Yang Yang , Zhang Furong , Gao Hongliang , Wang Haoran , Wu Jing , Zhu Feng , Li Chaojun , Cao Peng , Xue Bin
Published: January 2023

There are no known approved pharmacotherapies for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the clinical setting. Although studies have provided substantial evidence that geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NAFLD corresponding drug screening is rare. A GGPPS‐targeted inhibitor is identified using a structure‐based virtual small molecule screening method. The interaction of 4‐AZ and GGPPS is detected by microscale thermophoresis. 4‐AZ degradation of GGPPS by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway is detected by western blotting. The anti‐steatotic effect of 4‐AZ in vivo is detected by CT. Lipid‐related gene detection is detected by real‐time PCR both in primary hepatocytes and mice. The compound inhibits the accumulation of lipids in primary hepatocytes and decreases lipogenic gene expression through GGPPS. Pharmacological studies show that 4‐AZ can attenuate hepatic steatosis and improve liver injury in high‐fat diet‐induced mice. This data provides a novel application of 4‐AZ NAFLD therapy, proving that the inhibition of GGPPS is a novel strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.