bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Delayed Hyperphosphatemia in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients During Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Anthony W. , Romanowski Gale L. , Proudfoot James A. , Kuo Dennis J.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES Vitamin D plays a role in maintaining bone health and calcium metabolism, but recent studies cast doubt on vitamin D supplementation's benefits in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Vitamin D supplementation could increase serum phosphate through increased intestinal absorption of phosphate and suppression of parathyroid hormone, which would lead to decreased renal phosphate excretion. Because of the potential for renal injury during induction chemotherapy for ALL, Vitamin D supplementation's potential for increasing hyperphosphatemia could outweigh its suggested but unproven benefits.

METHODS To measure the interaction between vitamin D supplementation and phosphate during chemotherapy induction, a retrospective study was done. Demographic data; clinical information about the diagnosis; laboratory data regarding calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D concentrations; and medication histories were reviewed.

RESULTS A retrospective study of 41 children with ALL showed no statistically significant difference in the final phosphate concentrations that were obtained (4.41 mg/dL vs. 4.53 mg/dL, p = 0.635) with regard to their vitamin D supplementation status. Longitudinal effects with vitamin D and phosphate showed a trend toward increasing phosphate concentrations in patients who received supplemental vitamin D (0.035 vs. 0.010 mg/dL per day; p = 0.102).

CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D potentially poses a risk of hyperphosphatemia in children undergoing induction chemotherapy for ALL.
Effects of Maternal Magnesium Sulfate Treatment on Neonatal Feeding Tolerance
Authors: Belden Meghan K. , Gnadt Sarah , Ebert Ann
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine whether antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate has an effect on neonatal enteral feeding tolerance.

METHODS In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, charts of pregnant women who received intravenous magnesium sulfate infusions prior to delivery between July 1, 2012, and July 31, 2013, were reviewed. Neonates born at 24 weeks' gestational age or greater admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) whose mothers received magnesium sulfate infusions prior to delivery were included. Neonates with independent factors that could lead to feeding intolerance were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of neonatal enteral feeding intolerance measured by deviations from the NICU feeding protocol. Secondary outcomes included days on parenteral nutrition, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, time to first stool, and urine output in the first 72 hours of life.

RESULTS Cumulative maternal magnesium sulfate dose was significantly higher in the enteral feeding intolerance group than those infants who tolerated enteral feeds (70.4 ± 52.3 vs 47.4 ± 40.1 g; p = 0.04). Infants exposed to more than 80 g of maternal magnesium sulfate therapy were more likely to develop enteral feeding intolerance (44% vs 22%; p = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that prematurity and cumulative maternal magnesium sulfate dose were the strongest predictors of neonatal enteral feeding intolerance.

CONCLUSIONS Infants of mothers who received more than 80 g of intravenous magnesium sulfate prior to delivery were more likely to develop feeding intolerance. Prematurity also was a significant predictor of intolerance.
Improving the Narrative on Affordability and the Measurements we Need to Take us there
Authors: Mumm Jason , Ciaccia Julius
Published: April 2017

As water and sewer costs increase, utility managers can utilize the weighted average residential index to determine customer affordability.
Is Reclaimed Water the Future in Oregon?
Authors: Cope Kerri
Published: April 2017

One of the many tasks the author has as an employee of the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD), located in Salem, Ore., is to review and analyze water management and conservation plans (WMCPs) for municipalities. A municipal WMCP requires suppliers to identify and analyze their existing sources of water, conservation program, curtailment plan, and projected future demand for water.
Drinking Water Regulatory Priorities
Authors: Via Steve H.
Published: April 2017

Drinking water was the center of attention in 2016. There is good reason to believe the sector should expect reinvestment in water infrastructure, and ensuring that the public has safe drinking water will continue to be highlighted for the foreseeable future. US federal policy development is not a rapid process, which can be frustrating for some, but the current system provides for more substantiated decisions. It also gives local communities time to learn and make decisions to try to balance multiple demands over longer time frames.
Investigación etnográfica en la Formación Inicial de Profesores Una experiencia en el mundo rural de Chile
Authors: Leal Pino Cristián , Salazar Jiménez Rodrigo Arturo
Published: April 2017

El artículo tiene como propósito dar cuenta de una experiencia sobre investigación etnográfica con estudiantes de pedagogía de la universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán-Chile, que tuvo por finalidad entregar herramientas para el trabajo etnográfico y desarrollar el pensamiento histórico de los profesores en formación.

La experiencia se desarrolló en el marco de la cátedra de Historia Local, que se ubica en el séptimo semestre de la malla curricular, de la carrera Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía. La asignatura tiene como propósito estudiar temáticas relevantes de la historia, pero analizadas desde una escala de observación menor, es decir, desde la microhistoria. En este sentido, nos interesó poner a los profesores en formación en contacto con el mundo rural local, a partir de la Fiesta de la Vendimia.

Entre los principales resultados destacamos: el valor que el profesor en formación le atribuye a la etnografía; como herramienta para rescatar del anonimato a sujetos populares que han quedado al margen de la Historia oficial; la importancia de la historia oral en la reconstrucción de la memoria y la enseñanza del pasado reciente; y en el valor de la investigación etnográfica para el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico.
El uso de fuentes históricas y bases documentales en la formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria
Authors: Inarejos Muñoz Juan Antonio
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se desarrolla una experiencia metodológica innovadora con alumnos de los grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria centrada en el manejo de fuentes primarias y una base documental digital. El objetivo de este trabajo persigue familiarizar a los estudiantes con la metodología propia del conocimiento histórico para desarrollar nuevas experiencias educativas donde el trabajo del alumno pasa a un primer plano. A través de la selección de familiares o de personajes aleatorios, se rastrearon en la base documental https://familysearch.org/ los nacimientos, matrimonios y defunciones de sus antepasados. Una vez extraída esta información se elaboraron árboles genealógicos de cada una de las familias escogidas utilizando algunas de las aplicaciones web sugeridas.
The maths of memory
Authors: Borghans Jose , Ribeiro Ruy M
Published: April 2017

Mathematical modeling reveals that long-term immunological memory is maintained in a manner that is even more dynamic than previously thought.
Synergistic activity of everolimus and 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine in medullary thyroid carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Vitale Giovanni , Dicitore Alessandra , Pepe Daniele , Gentilini Davide , Grassi Elisa S. , Borghi Maria O. , Gelmini Giulia , Cantone Maria C. , Gaudenzi Germano , Misso Gabriella , Di Blasio Anna M. , Hofland Leo J. , Caraglia Michele , Persani Luca
Published: April 2017

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a tumor highly resistant to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Drug resistance can be induced by epigenetic changes such as aberrant DNA methylation. To overcome drug resistance, we explored a promising approach based on the use of 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (AZA), a demethylating agent, in combination with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in MTC cells (MZ‐CRC‐1 and TT). This combined treatment showed a strong synergistic antiproliferative activity through the induction of apoptosis. The effect of everolimus and/or AZA on genome‐wide expression profiling was evaluated by Illumina BeadChip in MZ‐CRC‐1 cells. An innovative bioinformatic pipeline identified four potential molecular pathways implicated in the synergy between AZA and everolimus: PI3K‐Akt signaling, the neurotrophin pathway, ECM/receptor interaction, and focal adhesion. Among these, the neurotrophin signaling pathway was most directly involved in apoptosis, through the overexpression of NGFR and Bax genes. The increased expression of genes involved in the NGFR‐MAPK10‐TP53‐Bax/Bcl2 pathway during incubation with AZA plus everolimus was validated by western blotting in MZ‐CRC‐1 cells. Interestingly, addition of a neutralizing anti‐NGFR antibody inhibited the synergistic cytotoxic activity between AZA and everolimus. These results open a new therapeutic scenario for MTC and potentially other neuroendocrine tumors, where therapy with mTOR inhibitors is currently approved.
Endothelial cells activate the cancer stem cell‐associated NANOGP8 pathway in colorectal cancer cells in a paracrine fashion
Authors: Wang Rui , Bhattacharya Rajat , Ye Xiangcang , Fan Fan , Boulbes Delphine R. , Xia Ling , Ellis Lee M.
Published: April 2017

In colorectal cancer (CRC), cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been hypothesized to mediate cell survival and chemoresistance. Previous studies from our laboratory described a role for liver parenchymal endothelial cells (LPECs) in mediating the CSC phenotype in CRC cells in a paracrine/angiocrine fashion. The objectives of this study were to determine whether endothelial cells (ECs) from different organs can induce the CSC phenotype in CRC cells and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved. We treated a newly developed CRC cell line (HCP‐1) and established CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) with conditioned medium (CM) from primary ECs isolated from nonmalignant liver, lung, colon mucosa, and kidney. Our results showed that CM from ECs from all organs increased the number of CSCs, as determined by sphere formation, and protein levels of NANOG and OCT4 in CRC cells. With the focus of further elucidating the role of the liver vascular network in mediating the CSC phenotype, we demonstrated that CM from LPECs increased resistance to 5‐fluorouracil in CRC cells. Moreover, we showed that LPEC CM specifically induced NANOGP8 expression in CRC cells by specific enzyme digestion and a luciferase reporter assay using a vector containing the NANOGP8 promoter. Lastly, we found that LPEC CM‐induced NANOGP8 expression and sphere formation were mediated by AKT activation. Our studies demonstrated a paracrine role for ECs in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells by AKT‐mediated induction of NANOGP8. These studies suggest a more specific approach to target CSCs by blocking the expression of NANOGP8 in cancer cells.
Diagnosing phosphorus limitations in natural terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle models
Authors: Sun Yan , Peng Shushi , Goll Daniel S. , Ciais Philippe , Guenet Bertrand , Guimberteau Matthieu , Hinsinger Philippe , Janssens Ivan A. , Peñuelas Josep , Piao Shilong , Poulter Benjamin , Violette Aurélie , Yang Xiaojuan , Yin Yi , Zeng Hui
Published: April 2017

Most of the Earth System Models (ESMs) project increases in net primary productivity (NPP) and terrestrial carbon (C) storage during the 21st century. Despite empirical evidence that limited availability of phosphorus (P) may limit the response of NPP to increasing atmospheric CO2, none of the ESMs used in the previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment accounted for P limitation. We diagnosed from ESM simulations the amount of P need to support increases in carbon uptake by natural ecosystems using two approaches: the demand derived from (1) changes in C stocks and (2) changes in NPP. The C stock‐based additional P demand was estimated to range between −31 and 193 Tg P and between −89 and 262 Tg P for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively, with negative values indicating a P surplus. The NPP‐based demand, which takes ecosystem P recycling into account, results in a significantly higher P demand of 648–1606 Tg P for RCP2.6 and 924–2110 Tg P for RCP8.5. We found that the P demand is sensitive to the turnover of P in decomposing plant material, explaining the large differences between the NPP‐based demand and C stock‐based demand. The discrepancy between diagnosed P demand and actual P availability (potential P deficit) depends mainly on the assumptions about availability of the different soil P forms. Overall, future P limitation strongly depends on both soil P availability and P recycling on ecosystem scale.
Uncertainty in geocenter estimates in the context of ITRF2014
Authors: Riddell Anna R. , King Matt A. , Watson Christopher S. , Sun Yu , Riva Riccardo E. M. , Rietbroek Roelof
Published: April 2017

Uncertainty in the geocenter position and its subsequent motion affects positioning estimates on the surface of the Earth and downstream products such as site velocities, particularly the vertical component. The current version of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, ITRF2014, derives its origin as the long‐term averaged center of mass as sensed by satellite laser ranging (SLR), and by definition, it adopts only linear motion of the origin with uncertainty determined using a white noise process. We compare weekly SLR translations relative to the ITRF2014 origin, with network translations estimated from station displacements from surface mass transport models. We find that the proportion of variance explained in SLR translations by the model‐derived translations is on average less than 10%. Time‐correlated noise and nonlinear rates, particularly evident in the Y and Z components of the SLR translations with respect to the ITRF2014 origin, are not fully replicated by the model‐derived translations. This suggests that translation‐related uncertainties are underestimated when a white noise model is adopted and that substantial systematic errors remain in the data defining the ITRF origin. When using a white noise model, we find uncertainties in the rate of SLR X, Y, and Z translations of ±0.03, ±0.03, and ±0.06, respectively, increasing to ±0.13, ±0.17, and ±0.33 (mm/yr, 1 sigma) when a power law and white noise model is adopted.
Seismic crustal structure of the North China Craton and surrounding area: Synthesis and analysis
Authors: Xia B. , Thybo H. , Artemieva I. M.
Published: April 2017

We present a new digital model (NCcrust) of the seismic crustal structure of the Neoarchean North China Craton (NCC) and its surrounding Paleozoic‐Mesozoic orogenic belts (30°–45°N, 100°–130°E). All available seismic profiles, complemented by receiver function interpretations of crustal thickness, are used to constrain a new comprehensive crustal model NCcrust. The model, presented on a 0.25° × 0.25°grid, includes the Moho depth and the internal structure (thickness and velocity) of the crust specified for four layers (the sedimentary cover, upper, middle, and lower crust) and the Pn velocity in the uppermost mantle. The crust is thin (30–32 km) in the east, while the Moho depth in the western part of the NCC is 38–44 km. The Moho depth of the Sulu‐Dabie‐Qinling‐Qilian orogenic belt ranges from 31 km to 51 km, with a general westward increase in crustal thickness. The sedimentary cover is 2–5 km thick in most of the region, and typical thicknesses of the upper crust, middle crust, and lower crust are 16–24 km, 6–24 km, and 0–6 km, respectively. We document a general trend of westward increase in the thickness of all crustal layers of the crystalline basement and as a consequence, the depth of the Moho. There is no systematic regional pattern in the average crustal Vp velocity and the Pn velocity. We examine correlation between the Moho depth and topography for seven tectonic provinces in the North China Craton and speculate on mechanisms of isostatic compensation.
Differentiating between first‐year and multiyear sea ice in the Arctic using microwave‐retrieved ice emissivities
Authors: Lee Sang‐Moo , Sohn Byung‐Ju , Kim Seong‐Joong
Published: April 2017

Polarized emissivities of the sea ice over the Arctic were retrieved at Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, and 36.5 GHz channel frequencies. Results indicate that retrieved emissivities are consistent with other emissivity estimates. However, errors in the retrieved emissivity for multiyear sea ice at 23.8 and 36.5 GHz can be large up to 8% and 20%, respectively, because of ignoring the freeboard ice scattering and the use of the same emission layer as in 6.925 GHz. It is shown that the emissivity slope for first‐year ice between 10.65 and 18.7 GHz is opposite to that for multiyear sea ice, enabling a distinction between first‐year ice and multiyear ice. Using these differences in spectral features with ice types, an emissivity difference (vertically polarized emissivity difference between 10.65 and 18.7 GHz) was devised to differentiate between first‐year sea ice and multiyear sea ice. A comparison with the ice status information obtained from Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory buoy measurements demonstrates that the method can separate first‐year ice from multiyear ice, implying that this technique enables us to obtain instantaneous and pixel‐level ice‐type information from space‐based passive microwave measurements.
Numerical modeling of tidal notch sequences on rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Schneiderwind S. , Boulton S. J. , Papanikolaou I. , Kázmér M. , Reicherter K.
Published: April 2017

Tidal notches have had the potential to form at sea level from ~6.5 kyr B.P. in the Mediterranean Basin and preserve a symmetrical shape comparable to a quadric polynomial. Continuous erosion, predominantly by biological agents, affects a limestone cliff face from low‐ to high‐tide level at <1 mm/yr. Statically determined, the roots of a quadric polynomial are defined by the tidal range representing the limits of effective erosion. However, gradual variations of eustatic sea level rise (slow) and coseismic uplift/subsidence (fast) in tectonically active regions contribute to vertical shifts in the erosional base at coastlines. As a consequence, the cliff morphology gets modified through time resulting in widening, deepening, and separation of notches and possible overprinting of older features. In order to investigate successive modifications of coastal cliff morphology, we developed a numerical model that considers the erosion rate, the erosion zone relative to sea level, the regional sea level curve, and tectonic motion. The results show how slow and rapid sea level changes bias the modern cliff face and highlight that the present‐day notch sequence from top descending to sea level is not inevitably of decreasing age. Furthermore, the initiation of notch formation is not necessarily linked to the date of a certain seismic event. Especially in extensional tectonic settings where coseismic uplift is low and coastal morphological marks are not as distinct, knowledge about coastal evolution is beneficial for paleoseismological research.
The western Qaidam Basin as a potential Martian environmental analogue: An overview
Authors: Anglés Angélica , Li Yiliang
Published: April 2017

The early Martian environment is interpreted as warmer and wetter, before a significant change in its global climatic conditions irreversibly led to the current hyperarid environments. This transition is one of the most intriguing processes of Martian history. The extreme climatic change is preserved in the salt deposits, desiccated landscapes, and geomorphological structures that were shaped by the evaporation of water. However, until a manned journey to Mars is feasible, many Martian materials, morphological structures, and much of its evolutionary history will continue to be poorly understood. In this regard, searching and investigating Martian analogues are still meaningful. To find an Earth environment with a whole set of Martian structures distributed at a scale comparable to Mars is even more important to test landing crafts and provide optimized working parameters for rovers. The western Qaidam Basin in North Tibetan Plateau is such a Martian analogue. The area harbors one of the most extreme hyperarid environments on Earth and contains a series of ancient lakes that evaporated at different evolutionary stages during the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. Large quantities of salts and geomorphological features formed during the transition of warmer‐and‐wet to colder‐and‐dry conditions provide unique references to study the modern Martian surface and interpret the orbital data. We present numerous similarities and results of investigations that suggest the Qaidam Basin as a potential analogue to study modern geomorphic processes on Mars, and suggest that this is an essential site to test future Mars sample return missions.
Investigation on Behavior of Elastoplastic Deformation for Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb Alloy by Micro‐Indentation and FEM‐Reverse Algorithm
Authors: Yuan Zhanwei , Wang Chunwei , Li Fuguo , Hu Yongbiao , Guo Yajie , Chen Qi , Wang Yingying , Guo Mengle
Published: April 2017

The Young's modulus, microhardness, and plastic properties of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy were determined using the micro‐indentation technique. Oliver–Pharr method was used to calculate Young's modulus and microhardness. The indentation load was inversely correlated to Young's modulus and microhardness. The decreased Young's modulus was associated with indentation damage, while decreasing hardness was due to indentation size effect. The plastic properties were determined using proposed FEM‐reverse algorithm, which combine finite element method and Matlab GA optimization tools. We used uniaxial compression test to verify the plastic properties calculated from the indentation tests, and it was found that the stress–strain plots predicted by FEM‐reverse algorithm was quite similar to the test results.
Bioinspired Mechano‐Sensitive Macroporous Ceramic Sponge for Logical Drug and Cell Delivery
Authors: Xu Changlu , Wei Zhihao , Gao Huajian , Bai Yanjie , Liu Huiling , Yang Huilin , Lai Yuekun , Yang Lei
Published: April 2017

On‐demand, ultrahigh precision delivery of molecules and cells assisted by scaffold is a pivotal theme in the field of controlled release, but it remains extremely challenging for ceramic‐based macroporous scaffolds that are prevalently used in regenerative medicine. Sea sponges (Phylum Porifera), whose bodies possess hierarchical pores or channels and organic/inorganic composite structures, can delicately control water intake/circulation and therefore achieve high precision mass transportation of food, oxygen, and wastes. Inspired by leuconoid sponge, in this study, the authors design and fabricate a biomimetic macroporous ceramic composite sponge (CCS) for high precision logic delivery of molecules and cells regulated by mechanical stimulus. The CCS reveals unique on‐demand AND logic release behaviors in response to dual‐gates of moisture and pressure (or strain) and, more importantly, 1 cm3 volume of CCS achieves unprecedentedly delivery precision of ≈100 ng per cycle for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules and ≈1400 cells per cycle for fibroblasts, respectively.
Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by TENG‐Charged Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Tao , Xu Ying , Xing Fei , Cao Xia , Bian Jie , Wang Ning , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: April 2017

The need for cost‐effective and sustainable power supplies has spurred a growing interest in hybrid energy harvesting systems, and the most elementary energy production process relies on intermittent solar power. Here, it is shown how the ambient mechanical energy leads to water splitting in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell boosted by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In this strategy, a flexible TENG collects and transforms mechanical energy into electric current, which boosts the PEC water splitting via the charged Li‐ion battery. Au nanoparticles are deposited on TiO2 nanoarrays for extending the available light spectrum to visible part by surface plasmon resonance effect, which yields a photocurrent density of 1.32 mA cm−2 under AM 1.5 G illumination and 0.12 mA cm−2 under visible light with a bias of 0.5 V. The TENG‐charged battery boosts the water splitting performance through coupling electrolysis and enhanced electron–hole separation efficiency. The hybrid cell exhibits an instantaneous current more than 9 mA with a working electrode area of 0.3 cm2, suggesting a simple but efficient route for simultaneously converting solar radiation and mechanical energy into hydrogen.
High Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics by Controlling Protic Solvents in Ligand Exchange
Authors: Song Jung Hoon , Choi Hyekyoung , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Jeong Sohee
Published: April 2017

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising light harvesting materials for realization of solution processible, highly efficient multipurpose photovoltaics (PVs). Here, PbS CQD solar cells are reported with improved certified power conversion efficiency performance of 10.4% by simply controlling protic solvents (alcohols) in ligand exchange process. With shorter chain alcohols, the mobility of charge carriers is an order‐of‐magnitude improved due to the enhanced interparticle coupling; on the other hand, excessive removal of passivating ligands by very protic solvent, methanol (MeOH) induced undesirable traps on CQD surface. Consequently, it has been found that high performance CQD PVs require a solvent engineering for balance between native leaving ligands with incoming ligands during ligand exchange process for well‐controlled surfaces of CQDs and enhanced carrier concentration of conductive CQD films.
The influence of variation in parental height dimorphism on same‐sex parent‐offspring height differences
Authors: Floyd B.
Published: April 2017

Objective

This study evaluates how adjusting for parental height dimorphism influences height differences among parents and same‐sex offspring distinguished by parents' early backgrounds.

Participants and methods

Regression analyses using data from independent groups of Taiwanese families, 56 with sons and 51 with daughters, evaluate how adjusting for parental height dimorphism influences same‐sex parent‐offspring height differences among families grouped by grandfathers' occupations into three status categories reflecting good to relatively poor early parental environments.

Results

Parental height dimorphism was statistically significantly associated with same‐sex parent‐offspring height differences (father–son: mean Δ = 3.88 cm, β = −71.47 ± 11.49 SE, t = −6.22, p ≤ .0005; mother–daughter: mean Δ = 4.15 cm, β = 80.46 ± 18.52 SE, t = 4.35, p ≤ .0005). Adjusted mean father–son differences increased significantly across grandfathers' occupation categories (Privileged, Δ = 0.60, Business, Δ = 4.06, Farming & Labor, Δ = 5.28; p = .011). Mother–daughter differences were substantial, from 3.33 cm to 5.06 cm, but did not differ significantly across occupational categories (p = .63).

Discussion

Adjustments here for variation in parent height dimorphism did not alter original interpretations that while female growth may be more canalized, it is similarly capable of responding to improvements in developmental contexts. Patterns of same‐sex parent‐offspring height differences across grandfathers' occupational categories remain best accounted for by Taiwan's rapidly expanding economy, substantial income equity and reductions in biases favoring sons over daughters. Adjustment for sub‐group variation in parental height dimorphism should be considered in similar studies in the future.
Molecularly Imprinted Nanogels Acquire Stealth In Situ by Cloaking Themselves with Native Dysopsonic Proteins
Authors: Takeuchi Toshifumi , Kitayama Yukiya , Sasao Reo , Yamada Takuya , Toh Kazuko , Matsumoto Yu , Kataoka Kazunori
Published: April 2017

Protein corona formation was regulated on the surface in vivo by molecular imprinting to enable polymeric nanogels to acquire stealth upon intravenous administration. Albumin, the most abundant protein in blood, was selected as a distinct protein component of protein corona for preparing molecularly imprinted nanogels (MIP‐NGs) to form an albumin‐rich protein corona. Intravital fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging of rhodamine‐labeled albumin and fluorescein‐conjugated MIP‐NGs showed that albumin was captured by MIP‐NGs immediately after injection, forming an albumin‐rich protein corona. MIP‐NGs circulated in the blood longer than those of non‐albumin‐imprinted nanogels, with almost no retention in liver tissue. MIP‐NGs also passively accumulated in tumor tissue. These data suggest that this strategy, based on regulation of the protein corona in vivo, may significantly influence the development of drug nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
Unleashing the Potential of 17O NMR Spectroscopy Using Mechanochemistry
Authors: Métro Thomas‐Xavier , Gervais Christel , Martinez Anthony , Bonhomme Christian , Laurencin Danielle
Published: April 2017

17O NMR spectroscopy has been the subject of vivid interest in recent years, because there is increasing evidence that it can provide unique insight into the structure and reactivity of many molecules and materials. However, due to the very poor natural abundance of oxygen‐17, 17O labeling is generally a prerequisite. This is a real obstacle for most research groups, because of the high costs and/or strong experimental constraints of the most frequently used 17O‐labeling schemes. Here, we show for the first time that mechanosynthesis offers unique opportunities for enriching in 17O a variety of organic and inorganic precursors of synthetic interest. The protocols are fast, user‐friendly, and low‐cost, which makes them highly attractive for a broad research community, and their suitability for 17O solid‐state NMR applications is demonstrated.
Realizing an Aza Paternò–Büchi Reaction
Authors: Kumarasamy Elango , Kandappa Sunil Kumar , Raghunathan Ramya , Jockusch Steffen , Sivaguru Jayaraman
Published: April 2017

Intramolecular atropselective aza Paternò–Büchi reaction involving atropisomeric enamide and imine functionalities under sensitized irradiation leads to azetidine products in good yield and selectivity (ee >96 %). A mechanistic model based on detailed photophysical and isomerization kinetic studies is provided that shed light into the reactivity of enamides leading to aza Paternò–Büchi reaction.
Eocene Paleoecology of Adapis parisiensis (Primate, Adapidae): From Inner Ear to Lifestyle
Authors: Bernardi Margot , Couette Sébastien
Published: April 2017

European adapids, especially Adapis parisiensis, have been extensively studied over the past two centuries, essentially for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. Analyses of dental, cranial, and postcranial morphology have led to various hypotheses about the diet, locomotion, and lifestyle of this fossil primate species. As the morphology of Adapis parisiensis is not directly comparable to any extant species, some interpretations are still debated. The inner ear is crucial to several functional parameters, such as auditory acuity, balance, agility, orientation, and head motion speed during locomotion. We examined the inner ear morphology of Adapis parisiensis in order to make some functional inferences, using μCT techniques to access the internal morphology without damaging the fossil specimens. We analyzed the length and shape of the cochlea, the size of the oval window, and the size and orientation of the semicircular canals of seven Adapis parisiensis crania. Results indicate that the species was more sensitive to high frequencies than low frequencies. Results for locomotion style are different, depending on the method used. Results about the coefficient of agility are in good agreement with previous studies, proposing a slow/medium slow locomotion for the fossil species. In contrast, angular velocity magnitude (AVM) results show a great range of variation in the locomotor repertory for Adapis parisiensis, probably indicating that the model used is not adapted to the study of the fossil record. A comparison to measurements of extant strepsirhines leads us to conclude that Adapis parisiensis was probably monogamous and solitary, with a small home range. Anat Rec, 300:1576–1588, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Template‐ and Additive‐free Electrosynthesis and Characterization of Spherical Gold Nanoparticles on Hydrophobic Conducting Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Guin Saurav K. , Knittel Peter , Daboss Sven , Breusow Anton , Kranz Christine
Published: April 2017

Carbon‐doped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (C‐PDMS) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is a highly promising material for the development of flexible lab‐on‐chip biosensors. Here, we present an electrochemical method to prepare stabilizer‐free AuNPs directly on hydrophobic conducting substrates like C‐PDMS without physical or chemical pre‐treatment of the C‐PDMS substrate. Using a potentiostatic triple pulse strategy, spherical, non‐stabilized AuNPs of diameter 76±5 nm could be deposited within 5 s with narrow size‐dispersion on the hydrophobic C‐PDMS substrate in the absence of any structure directing or stabilizing agent. The detailed investigation of the mechanism of electrochemical formation of gold seeds and their three‐dimensional growth on the hydrophobic surface along with nanomechanical atomic force—scanning electrochemical microscopy (QNM‐AFM‐SECM) characterization as well as conductive AFM allowed developing this fast electrochemical strategy with control in the desired size and size‐dispersion of AuNPs. A detailed electrochemical investigation using cyclic voltammetry, anodic differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to characterize the electrochemical behavior of uncapped AuNPs deposited on C‐PDMS. The Fc+(MeOH)2/Fc(MeOH)2 redox reaction at AuNPs‐C‐PDMS showed an improved charge transfer coefficient and heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant compared to the bare C‐PDMS substrate.
Aggregation Behavior of Non‐ionic Twinned Amphiphiles and Their Application as Biomedical Nanocarriers
Authors: Singh Abhishek K. , Thota Bala N. S. , Schade Boris , Achazi Katharina , Khan Abdullah , Böttcher Christoph , Sharma Sunil K. , Haag Rainer
Published: April 2017

A new class of twinned amphiphiles was developed by conjugating a pair of hydrophilic head groups from mPEG chains (Mn: 350 or 1000) and a pair of hydrophobic segments from linear alkyl chains (C11 or C18) through a novel spacer synthesized from glycerol and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid. The aggregation phenomena of the amphiphiles were proven by DLS and fluorescence experiments, whereas size and morphology of the aggregates were evaluated by cryo‐TEM. The measurements proved the formation of globular, thread‐like or rod‐like micelles as well as planar double‐layer assemblies, depending on the amphiphile's molecular structure. The applicability of these non‐ionic amphiphilic systems as nanocarriers for hydrophobic guest molecules was demonstrated by encapsulating a hydrophobic dye, Nile Red, and a hydrophobic drug, Nimodipine. The transport capacity results for both Nimodipine and Nile Red prove them as a promising candidate for drug delivery.
Preparation, Structural Determination, and Characterization of Electronic Properties of [5,6]‐ and [6,6]‐Carbosilylated Sc3N@Ih‐C80
Authors: Kako Masahiro , Sugiura Takeshi , Miyabe Kyosuke , Yasui Masanori , Yamada Michio , Maeda Yutaka , Guo Jing‐Dong , Nagase Shigeru , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: April 2017

Photochemical carbosilylation of Sc3N@Ih‐C80 with silirane 1 afforded two corresponding [5,6]‐adducts, 2 and 3, and a [6,6]‐adduct, 4. The structural and electronic properties of these products were characterized by means of spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods. The structure of 2 was disclosed by means of single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Thermal isomerization of 3 to 2 was observed, whereas that of 2 to 3 proceeded less efficiently at 100 °C. Upon heating under the same conditions, adduct 4 underwent facile decomposition to afford Sc3N@Ih‐C80, or isomerized into small amounts of 2 and 3. The relative stabilities of 2, 3, and 4 were rationalized through the results of theoretical calculations. In contrast, adducts 2, 3, and 4 were stable under the photolytic conditions employed for carbosilylation. The photochemical functionalization of Sc3N@Ih‐C80 represents a convenient synthetic method to obtain thermally labile fullerene‐based products.
University Metadata and Retrieval: The Death of the Library Catalog?
Authors: Liu Ying‐Hsang
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Controlled vocabularies or languages are widely used in the field of information retrieval, but questions of whether they are necessary or more effective than free text searching have been unanswered. With the widespread use of free text searching in popular search engines, many in the information retrieval field have wondered how to make controlled vocabularies more useful or effective. Recent studies on this subject have revealed that while controlled vocabularies can produce more precise search results, user characteristics can potentially match those results in the right environment. These studies included a multitude of users from different backgrounds with different search environments. Some of the most important findings of these studies demonstrate that the skill of users and indexers can affect search outcomes just as much as controlled vocabularies.
Big Data's Impact on Privacy for Librarians and Information Professionals
Authors: Harper Lindsey M. , Oltmann Shannon M.
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

In a digital age, it is very difficult to maintain complete privacy when posting on social media or making purchases. Individual activity on the internet is increasingly collected by corporations, even with the user's knowledge, and can be used to predict future behavior, purchasing choices or other sensitive subjects. This data analysis is often done without a user's consent and in many cases presents unethical behavior and breaches of privacy. In the world of libraries, the privacy of patrons has been tantamount for decades, but trying to keep up with privacy codes and still make use of this big data can be challenging for librarians. Big data can be beneficial to libraries in many ways, and if pointed at library systems, rather than the habits of patrons, can also keep privacy intact.
2016 ASIS&T Annual Lecture at Napier University
Authors: Pitkin Kirsty
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

In the modern age of the internet, computers and smartphones, we have access to incredible amounts of information. However, often what we seek from this information is knowledge, which can be expressed as raw information that has been reproduced and curated. Professor Steve Fuller discussed this divide at the 2016 ASIS&T Annual Lecture at Napier University on November 30. Fuller discusses the idea that raw information must be curated and edited in order to express actual knowledge, but in the act of reproducing the information for this purpose, data can become distorted and omitted. Fuller cites Wikileaks as a source of raw information that was handed to media outlets to edit and present as knowledge. Wikipedia is another domain that has become one of the most cited centers of knowledge, but allows anyone to curate information and remains unstudied as a whole.
Multifinger interaction between remote users in avatar‐mediated telepresence
Authors: Lee Youjin , Lee Sukwon , Lee Sung‐Hee
Published: April 2017

In avatar‐mediated telepresence, remote users find it difficult to engage and maintain contact, such as a handshake, with each other without a haptic device. We address the problem of adjusting an avatar's pose to promote multifinger contact interaction between remote users. To this end, we first construct a contact point database for nine types of contact interactions between hands through contact experiments with human subjects. We then develop an optimization‐based framework to compute the avatar's pose that realizes the desired contact learned from the experiment while maintaining the naturalness of the hand pose. We show that our method improves the quality of hand interaction for the predefined set of social interactions.
Reconnecting with the past in social media: The moderating role of social influence in nostalgia marketing on Pinterest
Authors: Youn Seounmi , Jin Seunga Venus
Published: April 2017

Nostalgia marketing practices in social media help brands link consumers with happier times from the past. A randomized 2 (evoked nostalgia: high vs. low) × 2 (social influence: high vs. low) between‐subjects factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nostalgia and social influence on consumers' judgments in the brand management context of Pinterest boards. The results revealed the strong main effect of evoked nostalgia on consumers' attitudes toward the Pinterest board and the brand, purchase intention, willingness to pass along branded pins, and brand–consumer relationship quality. Furthermore, this study discovered the significant moderating role of social influence for all dependent measures. Strongly (vs. weakly) evoked nostalgia generated more favorable responses only when social influence was high. In contrast, there were no significant differences between strongly and weakly evoked nostalgia when social influence was low. Theoretical contributions to the nostalgia literature and managerial implications for social media marketing are discussed.
In‐Situ Thermal Battery Discharge using NiS2 as a Cathode Material
Authors: Payne Julia L. , Percival Julia D. , Giagloglou Kyriakos , Crouch Christina J. , Carins George M. , Smith Ronald I. , Comrie Robert , Gover Richard K. B. , Irvine John T. S.
Published: April 2017

NiS2 is a cathode material found in primary batteries which operate at high temperature. Herein we report the in situ battery discharge study of a thermal battery cell which uses NiS2 as a cathode, using simultaneous collection of powder neutron diffraction data and electrochemical data. Five different regions were observed upon battery discharge and the evolution of nickel sulfide phases has been studied. Four different nickel‐containing phases are observed during discharge (NiS2, NiS, Ni3S2 and Ni). A new discharge mechanism has been proposed which does not include Ni7S6. Multiphase quantitative Rietveld refinement has allowed the percentages of the phases to be monitored during discharge. High intensity synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction has been used to study the resulting phases present in the cathode after battery discharge.
Modification Based on MoO3 as Electrocatalysts for High Power Density Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Cao Liuyue , Skyllas‐Kazacos Maria , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: April 2017

Molybdenum oxide MoO3 has been widely used in catalysts and electrochemical energy devices, but, to date, has not been investigated as an electrocatalyst in redox flow cells. In this study, MoO3 in the form of micro‐flakes was introduced onto carbon paper as an electrocatalyst and MoO42− as electrolyte additive for the vanadium redox couple reactions in the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). When the carbon paper was modified with MoO3 or MoO42− added to the electrolyte, the peak potential separations were measured as 171 and 203 mV for V2+/V3+ and 130 and 111 mV VO2+/VO2+ redox reactions, respectively, as compared with 306 and 144 mV for the bare pre‐treated carbon paper. A vanadium redox flow cell with MoO3‐CP electrodes exhibited a voltage efficiency of 85.4 % at 100 mA cm−2. The power density reached 200 mW cm−2 at a current density of 150 mA cm−2 when cycled within the voltage range of 0.6–1.7 V. These results indicate that MoO3‐based modification is a promising method for high power density VRFB applications.
Electrochemical In Situ Formation of a Stable Ti‐Based Skeleton for Improved Li‐Storage Properties: A Case Study of Porous CoTiO3 Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Si‐Yu , Fan Chao‐Ying , Wang Han‐Chi , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: April 2017

Bimetallic transition‐metal oxides, which exhibit superior electrochemical properties compared with pristine single‐metal oxides, have recently become a topic of significant research interest for applications in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a simple and scalable electrospinning method to synthesize porous CoTiO3 nanofibers as the precursor for nanostructured bimetallic transition‐metal oxides formed electrochemically in situ. This strategy ensures uniform mixing and perfect contact between two constituent transition‐metal oxides during the lithiation/delithiation process. Furthermore, CoTiO3 nanofibers based on ultrafine CoTiO3 nanocrystals are interconnected to form a nano/microstructured 3D network, which ensures the high stability of the in situ formed structure composed of bimetallic transition‐metal oxides, and also fast ion/electron transfer and electrolyte penetration into the electrode. Electrochemical measurements revealed the excellent lithium storage (647 mAh g−1 at 0.1 Ag−1) and retention properties (600 mAh g−1 at 1 Ag−1 after 1200 cycles) of the CoO/TiO2 electrode. Moreover, the electrochemical reaction mechanism was explored by using ex situ X‐ray photoelectric spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry tests, which confirmed the two‐phase reaction processes in the electrodes. These results clearly validate the potential of CoTiO3 with a unique nano/microstructured morphology as the precursor for a bimetallic transition‐metal oxide for use as the anode material for long‐life LIBs.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols via Borrowing Hydrogen/Hydrogen Autotransfer
Authors: Freitag Frederik , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: April 2017

Alcohols are promising sustainable starting materials because they can be obtained from abundant and indigestible biomass. The substitution of expensive noble metals in catalysis by earth abundant 3d metals, such as Mn, Fe, or Co, (nonprecious or base metals) is a related key concept with respect to sustainability. Here, we report on the first cobalt‐catalyzed alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols. Easy‐to‐synthesize and easy‐to‐activate PN5P‐pincer‐ligand‐stabilized Co complexes developed in our laboratory mediate the reaction most efficiently. The catalysis is applicable to a broad substrate scope and proceeds under relatively mild conditions. We have even demonstrated the coupling of a variety of purely aliphatic alcohols with a base or nonprecious metal catalyst. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction follows the borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer concept.
Alkyne‐Substituted N‐Heterophenes
Authors: Hahn Sebastian , Koser Silke , Hodecker Manuel , Tverskoy Olena , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: April 2017

The synthesis and characterization of novel S‐shaped N‐heterophenes is reported. The targets contain a central anthracene connected to two heterophenanthrene units. N‐Heterophenes are synthesized by reacting Boldt's 1,2,6,7‐anthracenetetraone with different dialkynylated ortho‐diaminobenzenes. The condensation yields range from 63 to 75 %; all of the N‐heterophenes are stable and isolable.