bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Various Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equation
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Abdulwahhab Saja saber
Published: October 2023

In recent articles, many researchers settled some refinements in iterative methods have been published in many scientific journals for solving nonlinear equations of a single diode mode of a solar cell. Thus, in our article, we have improved these numerical algorithms. We have compared the new iterative algorithm "Dekker's Algorithm" with other iterative of sixth order convergence methods; which appears that this new proposed method is a strong one. Many numerical examples are presented to clarify the accuracy, efficiency and performance of the new proposed method.
An Iterative Method to Solve Nonlinear Equation
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Hussein Aldulaimi Mustafa Abdulkareem
Published: October 2023

We analyze and demonstrate two iterative numerical algorithms for finding zeros of nonlinear equations of a single diode photovoltaic cell using different values of load resistance R. Per iterations, the new proposed method need five evaluations of the function and free from second derivatives of the function, this mean one of it is first derivatives. It is revealed that the proposed method Dekker's Algorithm have lesser iterations than other algorithms.
A Family of Iterative Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Equation
Authors: SHIHAB Suha , RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Hamed Alshebeeb Farazdack Fawzi
Published: October 2023

We suggested some new iterative methods for finding the roots of nonlinear scalar equation in this paper. A first derivative of the function is utilizing to construct the numerical methods. The accuracy and efficiency of the numerical methods are examined on many numerical experiments. It is monitored that our methods are compatible and complete with the standard and classical methods.
Efficient Numerical Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Equation
Authors: SHIHAB Suha , RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Ahmed Mifrijawee Raghad Hatem
Published: October 2023

Some iterative numerical methods of common family of iterative method for solving nonlinear equations depending on single diode model of a solar cell with are presented in this paper. Several numerical experiments have been introduced. The results obtained show that the new method is more accurate, easy to use, and efficient than other numerical methods with lesser computations than the other methods.
Direct Restarted Pell Algorithm for Solving Calculus of Variation Problems
Authors: SHIHAB Suha , RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Ridha AL-Sabbag Yasir Ahmed Mohammed
Published: October 2023

The Pell Polynomial series is employed to solve problems in calculus of variations. The solution can be considered as linear combinations of Pell polynomials with unknown coefficients. Then a calculus of variational problem transforms into an optimization problem and will be solved using mathematical programming techniques. The proposed method converges rapidly to the exact solution and gives accurate results using small number of Pell polynomials basis polynomials. Some illustrative examples are included and the approximate results obtained by restarted Pell series are compared with the exact solutions.
Effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on the onset of convection in an anisotropic bidispersive porous layer
Authors: Mankhi Israa M. , Haddad Shatha A.
Published: October 2023

The onset of thermal convection of a fluid saturated anisotropic bidisperse porous medium under the condition of local thermal non-equilibrium is investigated. We have studied the case of flow in the macropores and micropores when the porous materials are of Darcy type. The temperatures in the macropores and micropores are allowed to be different. We concentrate our attention on the state of a permeability tensor is transversely isotropic with the isotropy axis in the vertical direction of gravity and the permeability ratios of vertical to horizontal are different in the macropores and micropores . The effect of various parameters on the stationary convection is discussed. In particular the effects of macro permeabilities, the micro permeabilities, the measure between the permeability in the macro phase and micro phase  and various interaction parameters on the stationary convection are studied. The numerical results are presented for free-free boundary conditions.
Testbed For Intelligent Agent: A survey
Authors: Kareem Ahmed M , Obied Ali
Published: October 2023

Revealing the features of the intelligent agent and its interactive behavior with complex environments whose events cannot be expected is a source of interest for researchers. What we will put in the hands of the interested person is to review key concepts in the design and implementation of test environments, noting the importance of the testbed, in addition to the knowledge bases required by these designs, presenting the definition of the intelligent agent and its features to be disclosed within the testbed. As for the types of test beds and their features, they have an important aspect in these papers.
SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS FOR CONTACT TRACING IN COVID-19 EPIDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Saleem Fouad Salim , Al-Mejibli Intisar
Published: October 2023

The great spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic and its effect on lifestyle around the world has led countries and organizations to accelerate the design or use of mobile health systems and applications to tackle and monitor the outbreak. Digital contact tracing applications have been proposed to automatically warning individuals at risk of infection and exposure. This systematic analysis discusses the various types of mechanisms and systems used in applications for digital contact tracing including Centralized, Decentralized, or Hybrid, in addition to, the used communication technologies such as Bluetooth, GPS, WiFi, and others, with a focus on user privacy and the efficiency of dealing with the extracted data. Four databases were scanned (IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed) between 2015 and 2020. To review the collected 636 papers, precise exclusion criteria and selection strategies were applied. Only seven papers have been thoroughly analyzed and included in this study. The results in all papers have been presented to identify gaps and issues to supply an overview of the main aspects that need to be included and resolved in mobile applications that will be built to effectively restrict the spread of this pandemic and preserve full user privacy.
Detection of Human Faces Covered with disguise and Makeup
Authors: Al-ghanim Farah Jawad , Al-juboori Ali mohsin
Published: October 2023

Face detection is kind of the identification. When we look at someone's face, we can get information like his or her gender and age. Face detection research has exploded in popularity during the last few decades. Starting with algorithms that can detect faces in constrained environments, today's face detection systems can attain extremely great accuracies at the large scale unconstrained facial datasets. While new algorithms continue to increase performance, the majority of face detection systems are vulnerable to failure when subjected to disguise and cosmetics alterations, which is one of the most difficult covariates to overcome. In this article, the database of disguised and makeup faces (DMFD) is employed. In order to address this issue, we detected the location and size of the facial in the image by using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) + Linear SVM Machine Learning detector on the Disguise and makeup face database (DMFD).This approach is effective and can detect any disguise and makeup faces in the complex background and illumination variation. The results shows the effectiveness of the face detection system on a database (DMFD) and it provided better results of (99.3%).
On Solving Nonlinear Equation Via Numerical Analysis for Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Jasim AL-Kinani Mohammed Hussein
Published: October 2023

Several numerical formulas have been introduced and analyzed in this paper. Based on the initial value x_0 used with each methods; these methods is used for solving the nonlinear equation of PV cell (single-diode). Several experiments are employed in order to examine these methods.  Comparison of the results acquired in terms of number of evaluations reveal promising application of the proposed new method for nonlinear examples.
Analysis of Non-Linear Device by means of Numerical Algorithms
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Sabri Anwar AbdulJabbar
Published: October 2023

In this paper, an efficient new fashion is suggested to improve two-step iterative method. A new three step iterative method for solving nonlinear equations of a photovoltaic cell based on Newton's method has been introduced. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method has been carried out using numerical experiments. The absolute error of the proposed and standard ones has been analyzed too. per iterations; the suggested method have lesser number of evaluations than the standard one.
Eye Blinking for Command Generation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Salih Meaad Mohammed , AlSaif Khalil Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

Due to progress in the field of deep learning in order to find and track objects through the use of computer vision in the service of large segments of the population, as it was adopted in the field of serving people b with special needs for the sake of dialogue and implementation of many requests in this research, a series of commands for use by people with special needs with speech problems or paralysis, where the ability to use the eye blink is very useful for social communication, were developed. In this research, the orders needed by the target people with special needs were studied, and (11) commands were identified that can be increased according to the intended sample. A table of commands was built depending on the length of the eye blink period. By creating a modified CNN: Convolutional Neural Network structure and training it on 2 different database, deep learning was used to identify and determine if the eye is closed or open (mrlEye2018 and Closed Eye in the Wlid:CEW).It was then followed by a test on all of the chosen examples, in different contexts and at various ages. The test on the data yielded excellent results, with 99% percent accuracy on data from test samples and 97.5% and 96% percent  accuracy on training data in each case. To check the cases (11) suggested commands, the proposed system was evaluated on a collection of videos taken in real time and under normal recording circumstances through a camera, and the correctness of generating the codes that was proposed was 94% percent on four tries in each of the above instances.
Explicit Representation of Periodic Solutions and Parameter Estimation Problem of Predator-Prey System
Authors: Khudhir Jehan Mohammed
Published: October 2023

It is known that some dynamical systems have not analytical solution which is impossible or sometime difficult to find. In fact, undertaking a manual simulation or using complicated methods (need to find derivatives such that Newton method) of such systems is a difficult task due to the complexity of the computations. Therefore, a computerized simulation is frequently required to find accurate results in fast execution time especially for solving biological problems like Predator Prey model. This paper aims to find integral representation solutions for Predator Prey model using the new method proposed by Mohammed, J. & Tyukin, I in [16]. These integral representation solutions are periodic and depend on parameters of the Predator Prey model explicitly, then, however, it requires to estimate these parameters. Application of the method to solve parameter estimation problem of predator–prey model is illustrated in details with constructing the solutions for state and parameter estimation.
Detection parking Spaces by using the ResNet50 Algorithm
Authors: Hayawi D. MustafaD. Mustafa J. Hayawi J. , Muhammad Satar Shaker
Published: October 2023

Finding an empty parking space in a crowded area is very stressful due to congestion. The absence of empty space leads to fatigue before the main activity, increased fuel consumption, which leads to increased pollution, and increased traffic due to the search for empty space. Therefore, it was necessary to have a system that would help drivers know the condition of each parking space. Empty or occupied with a vehicle. Where empty and occupied spaces are calculated and determined. The system displays on the screen at a convenient location in the parking lot a map to guide the driver to vacant positions and a warning if all positions are occupied. All this is done through images taken from the surveillance cameras in the parking lot. We find that the advantages of using vision-based systems over other existing systems are threefold. First There is no need to update the infrastructure of the parking lot, provided that the place is equipped with CCTV cameras that monitor the parking spaces covering the entire place. Secondly, camera-based systems give the exact location i.e. a detailed map of the vacant car parks which are good and necessary vacant lots. Third, camera-based methods are highly applicable in street parking spaces and residential areas.
Unimodality for the free sum and product of Reflexive and Birkhoff polytopes
Authors: Sadiq Fatema A. , Salman Shatha A.
Published: October 2023

Scholars have recently become interested in the importance of the reflexive and Birkhoff polytopes in a variety of applications in our daily lives. Unanswered queries and educated guesses abound in reflexive polytopes. We use the free sum and product for reflexives polytopes, as well as the product for two Birkhoff polytopes, and the proven theorem to get specific unimodality results. The computations are acquired via algorithms.
An intelligent model for ECG Classification System based on frequency domain with Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM)
Authors: Majeed Russel R. , Kadhim Sarmad
Published: October 2023

The development of authentication and identity mechanisms has become a vital requirement to secure device data integrity, although passwords provide sufficient control and authentication, they have shown major flaws in speed and security, Biometrics is becoming the primary authentication method. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are created as a consequence. Due to their unique character, which makes them difficult to falsify and ubiquitous, ECG signals have attracted much attention in most authentication systems. We introduce a novel ECG validation model that combines frequency domain-based characteristics with the least-squares technique in this work (LS-SVM). Two types of frequency field characteristics were examined in order to find the best combination of high precision and speed. ECG Signal Characteristics and Frequency Domain Characteristics ECG signals are used to determine the optimal triple-band filter bank. To access the most important characteristics, we removed the extraneous features and extracted others.
Decompress Image Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: ALKHALISSI Jumana H.S. , MAHDI Ahmed Mohsin
Published: October 2023

A lot of techniques are represented to have a useful for denoising and in-painting digital images. These techniques are based on a partial differ- ential equations (PDEs). Thus, we need to find the solution of PDEs. In this work, we consider a finite difference method to solve PDEs approxi- mately based on image compression.  In addition, we compared the results in different criteria of the errors
The application of fuzzy Logic in improving the Performance of the European Foundation for Quality Management(EFQM)
Authors: Khalif Miami Hamid , Hassan Kareem Radi
Published: October 2023

In today's tumultuous and competitive business environment, executives are more motivated than ever to demonstrate their teams' mettle by stellar results. The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) has developed and verified the Excellence Model (EFQM) as the gold standard for measuring an organization's pursuit of excellence. An updated integrated strategy that incorporates fuzzy logic into the EFQM model is a powerful tool for boosting an organization's overall performance. This research utilizes the EFQM paradigm to suggest a novel and all-encompassing strategy for enhancing corporate performance. We looked at the specific situation of the Iraqi Oil Tanker Company to determine how doable the strategy actually is. With the use of the EFQM framework developed by the European Foundation for Quality Management, we have shown how useful this tool is for pinpointing both strengths and places for development. The RADAR Logical Method and Fuzzy-Based Strategy were utilized in this case study (EFQM). Matlab was used to apply the suggested technique for assessing the performance of the Iraqi Oil Tankers Company during a three-year period.
Nearly Quasi Primary-2-Absorbing Submodules
Authors: Abdullah Omar A. , Dahash Mohmad E. , Mohammadali Haibat K.
Published: October 2023

Let  be a nonzero unital left  -module and  be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. As a generalization of 2-Absorbing submodules, we provide the idea of Nearly Quasi Primary-2-Absorbing submodules in this article. As a proper submodule  of   is called the Nearly Quasi Primary-2-Absorbing submodule of , if whenever  for , , implies that either  or   or . Several properties, characterizations and examples concerning this new notion are given.
A Review of Image Segmentation Methods in Brain Tumor
Authors: Mutlaq Marwa Adel , Abdulbaqia Hayder Saad
Published: October 2023

Accurate segmentation of the medical image of the brain is significant stage in the identification of a brain tumor during the preparation of radiotherapy. In general, medical images are utilized as radiographic techniques in diagnosis, clinical studies, and  therapy planning, Segmentation is one of the most widely used methods to correctly classify the pixels in an image , This review sheet discusses a comprehensive literature review of modern methods of brain tumor segmentation, and outlines the extent and robustness of each currently existing method for brain tumor clinical image segmentation.
Self- Driving With Deep Reinforcement ( Survey )
Authors: Abdalameer Hayder Salah , Al-Shammary Ali Abid
Published: October 2023

We will focus concentrating on the scientific and technological challenges that the development of autonomous vehicles brings to a number of different manufacturers and research organizations (AVs). It is anticipated that automobiles operated by humans will continue to be a common sight on the roads for the foreseeable future;  nevertheless, it is possible that autonomous vehicles may coexist in the same traffic environments. In order to keep traffic moving smoothly throughout the various sorts of mixed-use zones, autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to have driving rules and negotiation abilities that are analogous to those used by humans. In order to develop driving abilities that are comparable to those of humans, model-free deep reinforcement learning is used to simulate the actions of a skilled human driver. In this simulation, the difficulty of avoiding static obstacles on a two-lane roadway is investigated .
Passport Photo Compression: A Review
Authors: AL-Obaidi Marwa B. , AL-Khafaji Ghadah K.
Published: October 2023

The demand for electronic -passport photo ( frontal facial) images has grown rapidly. It now extends to Electronic Government (E-Gov) applications such as social benefits driver's license, e-passport, and e-visa . With the COVID 19 (coronavirus disease ), facial (formal) images are becoming more widely used and spreading quickly, and are being used to verify an individual's identity, but unfortunately that comes with insignificant details of constant background which leads to huge byte consumption that affects storage space and transmission, where the optimal solution that aims to curtail data size using compression techniques that based on exploiting image redundancy(s) efficiently.
A comparative Study of Image Enhancement Techniques for Natural Images
Authors: Ismael Ahmed Naser
Published: October 2023

Enhancement is most interesting parts in image processing field. It uses to enhance the structural appearance for picture without the degradation in the original input image. The enhancement techniques become the important key and simply extraction features by removing noise and another items inside an image.  Several enhancement techniques have achieved with different and inaccurate results.  The aim of this paper, the nature images quality was improved by the many enhancement techniques like of Histogram Equalization (HE), Local Histogram Equalization (LHE), Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), Brightness Preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization (BBHE), Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization (DSIHE) and Recursive sub-image histogram equalization (RSIHE).  In evaluation step, the performance of all these techniques are examined by values measurements of SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Matrix), Entropy, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).  The comparisons of the better existing results are given because to explain the best possible technique that can be used as suitable image enhancement. The results of the enhanced of 15 nature images have showed DSIHE technique has a batter a values of SSIM and Entropy with 0.9885 and 59975 respectively. Overall, based on the PSNR and SNR values, the CLAHE technique are recorded values higher than of other six techniques in 21.2952 and 192932 values.
Survey of Palm Print Detection Techniques
Authors: Naji Noora Hadi , Al-Juboor Ali Mohsin
Published: October 2023

Todays, there are various of systems that requires high-level security methods. Due to the sophisticated methods of breaking the traditional security methods. One of the most advanced methods nowadays is handprint validation. Which is based on the features of the palm in hands. These feature could include the lines, valleys, hand texture, and other features. In this work, a survey of the latest works that are used for palm print detection and recognition
A new Application of Assignment Problems Using Three Techniques with it Comparison
Authors: Sadiq Fatema A. , Mohammedali Mayada N. , Sabri Raghad I.
Published: October 2023

The assignment models are one of the effective operations research techniques for enhancing the educational process and obtaining the desired learning outcomes. Universities organize the criteria for distributing accepted students in accordance with the central admission plan issued by the Ministry of Higher Education to their departments based on of the student’s qualifications represented in the total of his grades in the general examinations for secondary studies as a criterion that qualifies him to compete with other students, in addition to the student’s choices and the department plan. In this paper, we discuss the assignment problem (AP) in the allocation of students to college departments depending on the degree of comparison. Three techniques of assignment problem were used, namely; the Hungarian technique, the Alternative technique, and the new technique presented by Haleemah Jawad Kadhim in 2021, to find the best allocation
Characterizations of Almost Approximaitly Nearly Quasiprime Submodules in Some Kinds of Modules
Authors: Ajeel Ali Sh. , Mohammadali Haibat K.
Published: October 2023

Our main goal in this note is to introduce several characterizations of Almost approximaitly nearly quasiprime submodule in class of multiplication modules. Moreover, we characterized Almost approximaitly nearly quasiprime submodules by theirs residual in class of multiplication modules with the help of some types of modules as projective, faithful, content and -regular modules. And we characterized almost approximaitly nearly quasiprime ideal  by almost approximaitly nearly quasiprime of the form .
New random version of stability via fixed point method
Authors: Shalaal Atheer Mnaathar , ALshybani Shaymaa
Published: October 2023

We studied the stability of the cubic functional  equation: 

 3 ß(  +3 ƴ)-ß(3  + ƴ)=12 [ß(  + ƴ)+ß(  - ƴ)]+80 ß(ƴ)-48 ß( ).         (1.1)

 via fixed point method in random normed space (ȐṄ −space).
Deploying Facial Segmentation Landmarks for Deepfake Detection
Authors: Abdullah Mohammed Thajeel , M. Ali Nada Hussein
Published: October 2023

Deepfake is a type of artificial intelligence used to create convincing images, audio, and video hoaxes and it concerns celebrities and everyone because they are easy to manufacture. Deepfake are hard to recognize by people and current approaches, especially high-quality ones. As a defense against Deepfake techniques, various methods to detect Deepfake in images have been suggested. Most of them had limitations, like only working with one face in an image. The face has to be facing forward, with both eyes and the mouth open, depending on what part of the face they worked on. Other than that, a few focus on the impact of pre-processing steps on the detection accuracy of the models. This paper introduces a framework design focused on this aspect of the Deepfake detection task and proposes pre-processing steps to improve accuracy and close the gap between training and validation results with simple operations. Additionally, it differed from others by dealing with the positions of the face in various directions within the image, distinguishing the concerned face in an image containing multiple faces, and segmentation the face using facial landmarks points. All these were done using face detection, face box attributes, facial landmarks, and key points from the MediaPipe tool with the pre-trained model (DenseNet121). Lastly, the proposed model was evaluated using Deepfake Detection Challenge datasets, and after training for a few epochs, it achieved an accuracy of 97% in detecting the Deepfake
Computer Vision System For Backflip Motion Recognition in Gymnastics Based On Deep Learning
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Saadi , AlSaif Khalil Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

Reliance on computer vision systems in the sports field is one of the very important topics, which are of high importance, especially in the arbitration process or evaluating the accuracy of the player’s performance of the movement. It is better to rely on computer vision systems that are more accurate in the arbitration process. In this article, a method was presented to distinguish one of the important movements of the gymnastics player, by relying on deep learning techniques. The dataset was built based on high-quality video clips found on YouTube for tournaments held from the period 2018-2022, due to the absence of The dataset available. This data was divided into three sections: 70% for training, 10% for validation, and 20% for testing. Two models of the convolutional neural network yolov7 and yolov5 were trained, and the results obtained after testing the results of the models show that the seventh version was the best , Recall, Precision and Mean Average Precision criteria were adopted to evaluate the performance of these technologies.
A Cryptosystem for Database Security Based on RC4 Algorithm
Authors: Abdulameer Saad A.
Published: October 2023

Because of vulnerable threats and attacks against database during transmission from sender to receiver, which is one of the most global security concerns of network users, a lightweight cryptosystem using Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm is proposed. This cryptosystem maintains data privacy by performing encryption of data in cipher form and transfers it over the network and again performing decryption to original data. Hens, ciphers represent encapsulating system for database tables
New trend for LWE application in different computer science fields
Authors: Hilal Bushra Kamil , Jawad Mohammad Q. , Shehab Ahmed W.
Published: October 2023

Problems of large keys in the on-lattice ring signature link due to reduce to the lattice, based on the problem of fault-tolerant learning on the ring (RLWE), according to "Homomorphic  Commitment→∑-Protocol→Fiat-Shamir Transformation" reconstructs a linkable ring signature scheme on a lattice. First construct a base “Homomorphic commitment scheme” on polynomial ring of RLWE difficult, and use the Fiat-Shamir transformation method. The method converts the ∑-protocol into a linkable ring signature scheme, and suggests linkable ring signature scheme model.  It is resistant to quantum computer attacks. compared with the previous linkable ring signature schemes on lattices, proposed methods with high computational, simple and less time frame because the ring elements in the scheme are taken from small polynomials which represents as case of application in computer science.
Iris Data Compression Based on Hexa-Data Coding
Authors: AL-Khafaji Ghadah , Al-Mahmood Haider Hameed , Siddeq Mohammed M. , Rodrigues Marcos. A.
Published: October 2023

Iris research is focused on developing techniques for identifying and locating relevant biometric features, accurate segmentation and efficient computation while lending themselves to compression methods. Most iris segmentation methods are based on complex modelling of traits and characteristics which, in turn, reduce the effectiveness of the system being used as a real time system. This paper introduces a novel parameterized technique for iris segmentation. The method is based on a number of steps starting from converting grayscale eye image to a bit plane representation, selection of the most significant bit planes followed by a parameterization of the iris location resulting in an accurate segmentation of the iris from the original image. A lossless Hexadata encoding method is then applied to the data, which is based on reducing each set of six data items to a single encoded value. The tested results achieved acceptable saving bytes performance for the 21 iris square images of sizes 256x256 pixels which is about 22.4 KB on average with 0.79 sec decompression  average time, with high saving bytes performance for 2 iris non-square images of sizes 640x480/2048x1536 that reached 76KB/2.2 sec, 1630 KB/4.71 sec respectively, Finally, the proposed promising techniques standard lossless JPEG2000 compression techniques with reduction about 1.2 and more in KB saving that implicitly demonstrating the power and efficiency of the suggested lossless biometric techniques.
Weak Gamma (Quasi-) Continuous Modules
Authors: Abdulrazaq Ghassan Nieaf , Shallal Emad Allawi
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of weak gamma continuous modules as a generalization of continuous gamma modules.   A gamma submodule  of a gamma module   is called weak gamma summand if there exists submodule  of  and there exists an  ideal  of  where  and . An module   is called weak gamma extending module if every submodule  of  is essential in a weak gamma summand.  An module is called weak gamma continuous module if is it weak gamma extending module and if for each submodule  of  is isomorphic to a direct summand of , then  is weak gamma summand of .  Also it is called weak gamma quasi-continuous module if is weak gamma extending module and if  and  are direct summands of  with , then  is a weak gamma summand of . Many properties and results of the these modules are given
Trigonometric Approximation and 2π-Periodic Neural Network Approximation
Authors: Bhay Eman S. , Mahdi Sara Saleh
Published: October 2023

Many articles studied best trigonometric approximation and many researchers worked on the neural network approximation, but no one related the best trigonometric approximation to neural network approximation. We define trigonometric activation function, then we use it to obtain neural network, which we use it as a best approximation for functions in  spaces for  . That what we shall introduce in our work have.
Preprocessing of Drugs Reviews and Classification Techniques
Authors: Kazim Rosul Ibrahim , Abdullah Enas Fadhil
Published: October 2023

NLP refers to the computer-based study of language when referring to textual data such as texts or reviews. Natural language processing frequently seeks to give otherwise unstructured natural language a representation of the text that gives it structure. Marketing, social media, and customer relationship management are just a few of the businesses that heavily rely on sentiment analysis (SA), one of the methods used in opinion mining, typically assesses a textual review's structure to see if it conveys a positive or negative impression .In this paper, the challenge was to convert unstructured texts into structured texts for drug datasets, and interlocking between sentiment analysis, the mechanism that was adopted in the paper starts with several stages. The first stage is data preprocessing with natural language processing techniques, and the next stage is the prediction step with classification models are logistic regression(LR), random forest(RF), Naïve Bays(NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM),  the best Result  of prediction accuracy 92%,for random forest .
Survey Analysis on smart features selection for machine learning techniques mainly applied to EEG.
Authors: Hakem Ekram , Al-Shammary Dhiah , Mahdi Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

This research presents a survey for analyzing and classifying the EEG signal based on feature selection approaches. Moreover, The increasing complexity of high-dimensional medical datasets necessitates efficient feature selection methods for early disease detection and safeguarding public health. Intelligent feature selection represents an advanced stage in machine learning and innovative computer applications, as it reduces the number of features required for accurate classification. Generally, The main goal of feature selection is to improve the predictive model's performance and reduce the computational cost of modeling. This paper contains a survey of considerable research several on feature selection. The main measures to analyze this paper are Accuracy, precision, Recall, and F1-score assessment. In order to evaluate performance used stander dataset are  EEG Bonn University. The results have proven that they have achieved the highest accuracy rate of around 99% compared with different techniques.
A Proposed Arabic Text Classification Model using Multi-Label System
Authors: Rahmana Hussain A. , Baawi Salwa S.
Published: October 2023

Multi-label text classification has grown in popularity in recent years, with each document being assigned numerous categories simultaneously. The Arabic Language has a very complex morphology and a vibrant nature; nonetheless, there needs to be more research on this topic for the Arabic Language. As a result, this study aims to present a method for the multi-label classification of Arabic texts based on binary relevance and the label power set transformation method. Three classification classifiers: namely logistics regression(LR), Random forest (RF), and multinomial naïve Bays (MNB), were experimentally assessed in this thesis. Furthermore, chi-square feature selection was investigated to improve the performance of the proposed model. The experimental results are implemented in Python programming using the "RTANews" multi-label Arabic text classification dataset. The results suggest that binary relevance combined with logistics regression produces the best results. It performed well, with an averaged micro-Recall of 0.8646. At the same time, the best result was produced by label power-set with the same algorithm and metrics of 0.8418 for the suggested multi-label Arabic text classification model.
A Controlling Traffic Light system using Fuzzy logic
Authors: Gdeeb Rasha Talib
Published: October 2023

Automatic control systems are a new advanced system uses computers and hardware controllers to act as a driving system. Increasing in cars numbers while we have the same infrastructure caused a large traffic problem so we need automatic adaptive controllers to control the open and close tasks of traffic light system. Fuzzy Logic is a conversation from classical logic with values of 0 for false and 1 for true to a range of values between 0 and 1.

This study aims to create an adaptive traffic control system using fuzzy logic and image processing, we have a camera on each traffic light to calculate the number of cars there and then we feed the number of cars to a fuzzy logic system to decide which traffic light must become on
DOI desativado
Authors: DOI desativado DOI desativado
Published: October 2023

DOI desativado
Interpretation of Researcher Positionality in a Transnational COIL Project
Authors: Xu Frank Hang , Saurwein Leena
Published: October 2023

In this paper, two authors have explored and demonstrated their own multi-dimensional positionality’ in the manner of reflectively interpreting four meaningful scenarios relating to their encountered methodological challenges in a cross-border COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) project. Throughout the construction of multi-dimensional positionality, the recognition of the subtle insider-outsider binarism encouraged these two authors to revisit the role of national cultures in the formation of researcher positionality and then to incorporate the idea of ‘simplexity’ into their understanding of the on-going positionality, which has resulted in the proposition of ‘simplex multi-dimensional positionality.’ Alluding to this concept, the two authors acknowledge the possible intervention of national cultures as their researcher positionality evolves and contend that it is the degree to which researchers tend to (not) make use of national cultures as resources that keep their positionality oscillating rather than the national cultures per se.
Demographic, medical, and financial statistics from the Jaffna Jaipur Centre for Disability Rehabilitation (JJCDR) database, 1987-2018: a prosthetics, orthotics, and mobility clinic in northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Berthaume Michael , Barnes Spencert , Hettiaratchy Shehan , Clasper Jon C , Kumar Ahilakumar , Sathiadas Gitanjali , Ganeshamoorthy Jeya
Published: October 2023

Background

When dealing in global health, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of community demographics and needs. From 1983-2009, a 26-year ethnic civil conflict devastated Sri Lanka, disproportionately affecting people living in the north and creating a large amputee population. Here, we use routinely collected prosthetic and orthotic data to investigate the composition of the amputee community in northern Sri Lanka.

Methods

The Jaffna Jaipur Centre for Disability Rehabilitation (JJCDR) was established in 1987 and has been the only centre consistently providing prosthetic, orthotic, and non-orthopaedic services in northern Sri Lanka spanning during and after the civil war. In 2004, with the help of the charity Motivation, they established an electronic patient database, which records and maintains information on the JJCDR’s patients. An anonymized copy of the JJCDR database was obtained in November 2018. Summative statistics and temporal trends in patient data were investigated.

Results

3,665 unique patients registered with the JJCDR from 1986-2018 (2,605 male, 1,060 female). Individuals ranged from 0-90 years old, with a mean/median age of 34.76/32 years old. Key findings include: (i) 93.0% patients with amputation site recorded were lower limb amputees, with 74.3% being transtibial amputees; (ii) The majority of patients with cause of amputation recorded had war-related amputations (61.2%); (iii) diabetes was the highest cause for non-war-related amputations (18.3%); (iv) war-related amputations have ceased, while diabetic amputations are on the rise; and (v) peak recorded financial costs due to prosthetic and orthotic (P&O) creation/maintenance occurred in 2013, 4 years after the war ended.

Conclusions

These analyses provide crucial insight into the P&O population in northern Sri Lanka, including distribution and frequency for causes/sites of amputations, temporal patterns in causes of amputations, and costs to a P&O centre due to device creation and maintenance. This database and analysis provide invaluable insight into the P&O cohort in northern Sri Lanka, and a unique insight into the P&O needs of a post-conflict LMIC from the perspective of a P&O centre.
Akim Kalmış Bir Proje Hudeyde-Sana Demiryolu İmtiyazı
Authors: ÇAPAR Onur
Published: October 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde büyük güçlerin nüfuz mücadeleleri dikkat çekicidir. Fransızlar, Osmanlı ekonomisine en fazla borç anlaşması yapan ülke olmalarının yanında imparatorluğun çeşitli bölgelerine önemli ölçüde yatırımlar yapmışlardır. Başta demiryolu, liman, karayolu yapımı olmak üzere tramvay, gaz, su gibi belediye hizmetleri aynı zamanda maden yatırımları verilen borçların neticesinde imtiyaz olarak Fransız şirketlerine verilmiştir. Bununla beraber 1890’dan itibaren Alman sermayesinin Osmanlı devletinde güç kazanması bu rekabeti artırmış diğer ülkelerin kendi nüfuz alanlarını oluşturmalarını ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı arifesinde de imparatorluğun topraklarının hızlı bir şekilde elden çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Konumuz olan Hudeyde-Sana demiryolu projesi, Osmanlı Devleti’nin asayiş problemlerinin en fazla olduğu Yemen sancağında gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. 1911 yılında Fransızların öncü olduğu bir borç antlaşması sonucunda demiryolu imtiyazı Fransızlara verilmiştir. Proje ile Cibâne limanı ile Hudeyde-Sana arasında bir demiryolu inşa edilmesi daha sonra hattın Hicaz vilayetine bağlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Projenin gerçekleşmesi durumunda Yemen vilayetinin iç bölgelerle ile etkileşiminin artacağını ve ticaretin gelişeceği öngörülmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti açısından ise demiryolunun tamamlanması halinde asayiş problemlerinin halledilmesi ve siyasi otoritenin sağlamlaştırılacağı düşünülmektedir. Proje başladığı dönemde Osmanlı Devleti bölgedeki isyanlarla meşguldür. Dolayısıyla demiryolunun inşaatında birçok asayiş problemi yaşanmıştır. Aynı yıl başlayan Trablusgarp savaşı neticesinde ise demiryolu şantiyesi İtalyanlar tarafından bombalanmış proje durdurulmak zorunda kalmıştır. Şüphesiz bu gelişme hem İtalyan-Fransız arasında hem de Osmanlı-Fransızlar hükümetleri arasında birtakım diplomatik krizler yaratmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı dönemin Fransız basını baz alınarak bu demiryolu projesini incelemek aynı zamanda dönemin diplomatik ve siyasi çatışmalarını gözlemlemeye çalışmaktır.
Kaplıcalardan Termal Otellere: Yalova Termal
Authors: KAYA Aysel
Published: October 2023

Türkiye termal kaynaklar bakımından zengin bir ülkedir. Cumhuriyet Dönemi’ne kadar termal sulardan faydalanmak için modern termal tesisler yerine kaplıcalar kullanılmıştır. Bu kaplıcalardan en bilineni, 1911 yılında Roma’da yapılan bir yarışmada en iyi şifalı su ödülünü alan Yalova Kaplıcaları’dır. Yalova Kaplıcaları’nın bulunduğu bölgeye, planlı ve bilimsel araştırmalar izlenerek modern bir termal otel inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de kaplıcalardan termal otelciliğe geçiş sürecinde modern otelcilik anlayışının önünü açan Yalova Termal Otel’in mikro tarihini oluşturmak ve 1938’den itibaren Türki-ye’ye getirdiği modern termal otelcilik anlayışını ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda Yalova Termal Otel’in tarihine ilişkin arşiv belgeleri, döneme ait gazeteler, dokümanlar ve ikincil kaynaklar araştırılmıştır. Yalova Termal Otel, 22 Ocak 1938 tarihinde açılmış ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin ilk modern termal tesisi olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Otelin ilk misafiri Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’tür. Çalışmada bulgular Yalova Kaplıcaları’ndan Yalova Termal Otel’e geçiş dönemi (1929-1938) ve Yalova Termal Otel’in açılışı olmak üzere iki alt başlıkta verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın Türkiye turizm tarihine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Implementasi Perjanjian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Terhadap Perdagangan Indonesia dan Negara Anggota Tahun 2020-2023
Authors: Setia Budi Fandy Ahmad , Afrimadona  , Yulia Putri Sindy
Published: October 2023

This research discusses the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement on Indonesia's trade and member countries from 2020 to 2023. The previous agreements that formed the basis of RCEP were under pressure due to their limited success and resulting in overlaps. The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of the RCEP agreement on Indonesia's international trade from 2020 to 2023. The research method used is qualitative descriptive to explain the implementation of the RCEP agreement on international trade. The research findings indicate that the implementation of RCEP enables Indonesia to have certainty and diversity in trade rules, which can promote increased access to export markets for goods and services, enhance the export capacity and empowerment of SMEs, and strengthen investment.
Phytochemical screening, nutritional value, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and acute toxicity of Scolymus hispanicus: A wild edible plant in Morocco
Authors: Aboukhalaf Abdelghani , Moujabbir Sara , El Amraoui Belkassem , Naciri Kaoutar , Kalili Adil , Essaih Seloua , Rocha Joao , Belahsen Rekia
Published: October 2023

Scolymus hispanicus L. (Golden thistle) is a well-known wild edible plant (WEP) in Morocco. However, the species value is not well investigated and its economic value is considerably low. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, the biological activities, and the acute toxicity of crude extract of S. hispanicus aerial parts. The mineral composition was assessed using an ICP-AES spectrometer and, the contents in polyphenol, flavonoids and tannins using colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH assay. Disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the safety of the plant extract was validated by performing acute toxicity. The findings revealed that this plant is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and minerals especially iron and, have high contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. The biological evaluation of the plant extracts exhibited a remarkable antioxidant content and, a wide antibacterial activity and yeast inhibition. The results indicated also that the tested extract is safe with an LD50 higher than 5000 mg.kg-¹. The study data suggest that S. hispanicus could be a promising functional and nutraceutical food with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and can contribute to a balanced diet.
Effect of baking temperature on quality and safety of school meal biscuits
Authors: Abd El-Baset Walid S. , Almoselhy Rania I.M.
Published: October 2023

School meal programs have an important role in improving children’s nutrition. Baking school meal biscuits takes place at a high temperature, which induces physicochemical changes in the biscuits’ matrix with the emergence of heat-induced contaminants such as acrylamide and trans-fats. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different baking temperatures for different times on the quality and safety of school meal biscuits and their lipid fraction. Biscuits were baked at 180, 200, and 220℃ for 10, 15, and 20 min Proximate composition, physicochemical, acrylamide, heavy metals, preservatives, minerals, vitamins, texture profile analysis, color index, nutrition facts, and sensory evaluation were determined. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected in proximate composition, quality parameters, texture, color, and sensory attributes. All samples showed trans-fatty acid levels below the limit assigned by the Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/649. Biscuits baked at 220℃ showed acrylamide exceeding the benchmark level set by the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2158. Baking biscuits at 180℃ had considerable moisture with low consumer acceptance. Biscuits baked at 200℃ for 20 min were the best in both processing temperature and time with the best quality attributes, safety, and consumer acceptance.