bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the divergent transcriptomic landscapes of cervical cancer cells grown in 3D and 2D cell culture systems
Authors: Kumar Roshan , Iden Marissa , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Schmidt Rachel , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Rader Janet S.
Published: August 2024

Cervical cancer remains a significant health challenge for women worldwide, with a disproportionate impact on developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of recent advancements in developing suitable preclinical models to study cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, we used RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomic profiles of SiHa cervical cancer cells grown in 3D versus 2D culture systems. Pathway analysis of 3D cultures revealed upregulation of immune activation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling pathways. The high expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and immediate early genes, suggests that 3D cultures replicate the tumor microenvironment better than 2D monolayer cultures. HPV gene expression analysis further demonstrated higher expression levels of HPV16 E1, E2, E6, and E7 genes in 3D versus 2D cultures. Further, by using a set of linear models, we identified 79 significantly differentially expressed genes in 3D culture compared to 2D culture conditions, independent of HPV16 viral gene effects. We subsequently validated five of these genes at the protein level in both the SiHa cell line and a newly developed, patient-derived cervical cancer cell line. In addition, correlation analysis identified 26 human genes positively correlated with viral genes across 2D and 3D culture conditions. The top five 3D versus 2D differentially expressed and HPV-correlated genes were validated via qRT-PCR in our patient derived cell line. Altogether, these findings suggest that 3D cultures provide superior model systems to explore mechanisms of immune evasion, cancer progression and antiviral therapeutics.
Interpretation of the past, present, and future of organoid technology: an updated bibliometric analysis from 2009 to 2024
Authors: Qu Baozhen , Mu Qiang , Bi Huanhuan , Chen Yuxian , Wang Qitang , Ma Xuezhen , Lu Linlin
Published: August 2024

Organoid technology has been developed rapidly in the past decade, which involves the exploration of the mechanism of development, regeneration and various diseases, and intersects among multiple disciplines. Thousands of literature on 3D-culture or organoids have been published in the research areas of cell biology tissue engineering, nanoscience, oncology and so on, resulting in it being challenging for researchers to timely summarize these studies. Bibliometric statistics is a helpful way to help researchers clarify the above issues efficiently and manage the whole landscape systematically. In our study, all original articles on organoids were included in the Web of Science database from January 2009 to May 2024, and related information was collected and analyzed using Excel software, “bibliometrix” packages of the R software, VOSviewer and CiteSpace. As results, a total of 6222 papers were included to classify the status quo of the organoids and predict future research areas. Our findings highlight a growing trend in publications related to organoids, with the United States and Netherlands leading in this field. The University of California System, Harvard University, Utrecht University and Utrecht University Medical Center have emerged as pivotal contributors and the key authors in the field include Clevers, H, Beekman, JM and Spence JR. Our results also revealed that the research hotspots and trends of organoids mainly focused on clinical treatment, drug screening, and the application of materials and technologies such as “hydrogel” and “microfluidic technology” in organoids. Next, we had an in-depth interpretation of the development process of organoid research area, including the emergence of technology, the translation from bench to bedsides, the profiles of the most widely studied types of organoids, the application of materials and technologies, and the emerging organoid-immune co-cultures trends. Furthermore, we also discussed the pitfalls, challenges and prospects of organoid technology. In conclusion, this study provides readers straightforward and convenient access to the organoid research field.
Integrin α2 is an early marker for osteoclast differentiation that contributes to key steps in osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Brockhaus Katrin , Hemsen Isabel , Jauch-Speer Saskia-Larissa , Niland Stephan , Vogl Thomas , Eble Johannes A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Osteoclasts determine bone tissue turnover. Their increased activity causes osteoporosis, their dysfunction osteopetrosis.

Methods and Results

Murine monocytic ER-Hoxb8 cells differentiate into OCs upon treatment with M-CSF and RANKL and upregulate the collagen-binding integrin α2β1 distinctly earlier than other OC markers, such as the OC-associated receptor, OSCAR. Integrin α2β1 promotes OC differentiation at multiple levels by stimulating differentiation-relevant genes, by regulating cell matrix adhesion and the formation of adhesion-promoting protrusions, and by the upregulation of proteins involved in precursor cell fusion. The two key factors in osteoclastogenesis, RANK and NFATc1, were essentially unaffected after knocking out the ITGA2 gene encoding integrin α2 subunit. However, compared to integrin α2β1 expressing ER-Hoxb8 cells, ITGA2-deficient cells adhered differently with more branched filopodia and significantly longer tunneling nanotubes. Despite the higher number of fusion-relevant TNTs, they form fewer syncytia. They also resorb less hydroxyapatite, because integrin α2β1 regulates expression of lacuna proteins necessary for bone matrix resorption. The impaired syncytia formation of ITGA2-deficient OC precursor cells also correlated with reduced gene activation of fusion-supporting DC-STAMP and with an almost abolished transcription of tetraspanin CD9. CD9 only partially colocalized with integrin α2β1 in TNTs and filopodia of integrin α2β1-expressing OC precursors.

Discussion

Our findings define integrin α2β1 as an early marker of OC differentiation.
Expanding the applications of a bioluminescent mouse infection model of acute African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Benítez Diego , Ortíz Cecilia , Dibello Estefania , Comini Marcelo A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In vivo imaging technology based on bioluminescence has contributed to the study of different pathophysiological conditions involving inherited or transmissible diseases. Here, we aimed to establish a bioluminescent model of acute African trypanosomiasis for a manifold of applications. African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that threatens human and animal health, mainly in sub-Saharan countries, for which new chemotherapies are needed.

Methods

The model relies on a hypervirulent bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, which constitutively expresses red-shifted luciferase, and an infection-susceptible murine host, Balb/cJ mouse. In vivo and ex vivo imaging techniques were applied to obtain a spatial, temporal, and quantitative (parasite load) resolution of the infection process and to refine the animal endpoint criterion.

Results

The model proved suitable for validating the essentiality of the parasite enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by reverse genetics (tetracycline-inducible double-strand RNA interference). The efficacy of drugs (monotherapy or a new combination) for the treatment of the acute stage of the disease was successfully explored by in vivo imaging.

Discussion

The new bioluminescent model developed here may represent a valuable tool for speeding up the drug discovery process and the investigation of host-pathogen interactions in the acute stage of African sleeping sickness.
Using podcasts to bridge the gap between science communication and specialized scientific fields: a case study of mass spectrometry
Authors: Rehman Nayyer , Edkins Victoria , Ogrinc Nives
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the use of podcasts in disseminating specialized scientific fields, such as mass spectrometry. Four podcasts featuring interviews with researchers working with mass spectrometry were produced. A mixed methods approach, comprising questionnaires and interviews, was used to gather listener feedback. Findings indicate that audience engagement is affected by factors like familiarity with science and relatability in content; therefore, to attract a wider audience, content must be presented to balance technical aspects with real-life examples to which listeners can relate. These findings will benefit researchers and stakeholders seeking to disseminate complex scientific topics using podcasts.
Visualizing the risk landscape to adaptively increase post-release survival of translocated Galliformes
Authors: Nelson Shelley L. , Saher D. Joanne , Huang John , McKinnon Donald T. , Coleing Amelia , Griebel Ilsa A. , Wellicome Troy I. , Moehrenschlager Axel , Heinrichs Julie A.
Published: August 2024

Translocation of captive-bred animals is a widely used conservation strategy to support the recovery of imperiled wild populations. Identifying which factors enhance or limit survival after release can be important in adapting translocation strategies, particularly for species with low survival rates after release from captivity. Many translocation programs track post-translocation survival, but few complete spatial-statistical assessments of mortality risk associated with release environments. Typically, few animals are released from captive breeding programs, limiting the sample size available for analyses. We aimed to create a workflow that used limited datasets to evaluate the influence of spatial conditions and other factors on mortality risk. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are endangered in Canada and of conservation concern throughout their range in the United States. After the species declined precipitously in Canada, a captive breeding program was initiated with subsequent releases in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Despite success in captive breeding, mortality rates of released sage-grouse were high. We used GPS- and VHF-based locations of released sage-grouse to determine how spatial features influence mortality risk of sage-grouse after release from captivity. We implemented a multistep approach to quantify and map risk relative to the environmental features associated with mortality. We also assessed whether the movement behaviors of sage-grouse correspond with environmental risk factors by using a combination of survival models and integrated step-selection functions. Mortality of sage-grouse in Alberta was hastened in areas close to anthropogenic disturbance. Although birds in Alberta avoided areas of higher mortality risk, those in Saskatchewan did not, perhaps due to environmental and selection constraints. This multistep approach allowed us to utilize small sample sizes to assess key risk factors in the landscape. This process supports the adaptive modification of translocation plans and can similarly support other data-limited scientists and managers in assessing environmental mortality risk and defining conservation actions for endangered species.
Clinical characteristics and biomarkers feature analysis using a proteomics platform in young patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Kandi , Wang Fengdan , Yu Quan , Song Yanqiong , Gu Jun , He Qing , Zhang Junfeng
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, ACS has been reported to be associated with age, and the incidence has become more common in younger patients. Previous studies have identified various risk factors that contribute to the stratification of ACS patients. However, it remains unclear whether these risk factors, along with proteomic and clinical characteristics, are applicable to young ACS patients, as they are for middle-aged and elderly patients. This study aimed to investigate the proteomics, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of young ACS patients, as well as the differences between them and middle-aged and elderly ACS patients. By comparing these findings with those of middle-aged and elderly patients, we aimed to identify any discrepancies and these findings possibly may have implications for future management strategies of this specific population.

Methods

This observational study included a total of 187 participants diagnosed with ACS and 17 young healthy individuals as the control group. ACS patients were divided into three age groups: <45 years old, 45–60 years old, and 61–75 years old. The control group consisted of healthy individuals under the age of 45 who underwent coronary angiography and were excluded from CAD. We collected clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and echocardiographic results from each participant. Additionally, blood samples were collected for further analysis of relevant proteomic and arteriosclerosis marker data using proteomics analysis.

Results

Our findings revealed that the presence of certain key factors was associated with a significantly difference in patients with ACS aged younger than 45 years, and this association differed from that of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients older than 45 years. Specifically, a higher body mass index and hyperlipidemia were found to be associated with an increased risk of ACS morbidity in young adults (<45 years old) compared to middle-aged and elderly individuals. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the expression levels of growth differentiation factor 15, osteopontin, and NT-proBNP were significantly different among the groups.

Conclusion

In summary, our study revealed that the main pathogenic factors of ACS patients under 45 years of age differed from those of middle-aged and elderly patients. These findings may contribute to the prevention and treatment strategies for young patients with ACS.
Diagnosis and treatment of coronary spasm in China: a case report
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Ye Xianglin , Pei Haifeng
Published: August 2024

Background

Coronary vasospasm (CVS) is a common cardiovascular condition, yet its implications should not be underestimated. Regrettably, the current diagnostic and treatment standards for CVS in China are not standardized, severely affecting the quality of life for patients with this condition.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old male presented to the hospital one month prior due to recurrent chest pain. Coronary angiography (CAG) revealed a mid-segment muscle bridge with plaque formation in the left anterior descending artery, followed by pharmacological balloon angioplasty. The primary diagnosis post-operation was acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and coronary artery myocardial bridging. This time, the patient experienced nocturnal chest pain with a dynamic increase in troponin levels. Emergency CAG showed the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries were fine, with segmental narrowing reaching 95%–99%. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) indicated negative remodeling of the mid-segment lumen associated with myocardial bridging, with the smallest lumen area being 2.19 mm2. After intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin, the original most narrowed lumen area increased to 8.81 mm2. Consequently, a definitive diagnosis of CVS with coronary artery myocardial bridging was made, and the medication treatment plan was promptly adjusted. The patient's symptoms disappeared, and he was discharged. Follow-up after more than three months showed no recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusion

In cases where provocative agents are contraindicated, CAG combined with IVUS can optimize the differential diagnosis of CVS. There is an urgent need in China to improve epidemiological data on CVS and establish standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols.
Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio is associated with in-hospital cardiac death in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Luo Jun , Shao Han , Song Yu , Chao Yali
Published: August 2024

Background

Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is recommended by guidelines, data from the real world suggest that elderly non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have a low rate of PCI and a high death rate. Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), a novel inflammatory marker, has been shown to be associated with prognosis in a variety of diseases. However, the relationship between LCR and in-hospital cardiac death in elderly NSTEMI patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LCR on in-hospital cardiac death in elderly NSTEMI patients without PCI therapy.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective observational study, consecutively enrolled elderly (≥75 years) patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and without PCI from February 2019 to February 2024. LCR was defined as lymphocyte count to C-reactive protein ratio. The endpoint of observation was in-hospital cardiac death. The predictive efficacy of the old and new models was evaluated by the net reclassification index (NRI) and the integrated discriminant improvement index (IDI).

Results

A total of 506 patients were enrolled in this study, and in-hospital cardiac death occurred in 54 patients (10.7%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that left ventricular ejection fraction, LCR, Killip ≥2, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide proteins (NT-proBNP) were associated with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac death. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that NT-proBNP (OR = 1.695, 95% CI: 1.238–2.322) and LCR (OR = 0.262, 95% CI: 0.072–0.959) were independent risk factors for in-hospital cardiac death. After the addition of LCR to NT-proBNP, the predictive ability of the new model for in-hospital cardiac death was significantly improved (NRI = 0.278, P = 0.030; IDI = 0.017, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Lower LCR is an independent risk factor for in-hospital cardiac death in elderly NSTEMI patients without PCI, and integrating LCR improves the prediction of in-hospital cardiac death occurrence.
Observational characterization and empirical modeling of global, direct and diffuse solar irradiances at the Peruvian central Andes
Authors: Fashé-Raymundo Octavio , Flores-Rojas José Luis , Estevan-Arredondo René , Giráldez-Solano Lucy , Suárez-Salas Luis , Sanabria-Pérez Elias , Karam Hugo Abi , Silva Yamina
Published: August 2024

The present study aims to comprehensively assess the solar irradiance patterns in the western zone of the Mantaro Valley, a region of ecological and agricultural significance in the central Peruvian Andes. Leveraging radiation data from the Baseline surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sensors located in the Huancayo Geophysical Observatory (HYGO-12.04°S,75.32°W, 3350 masl) spanning from 2017 to 2022, the research delves into the seasonal variations and trends in surface solar irradiance components. Actually, the study investigates the diurnal and seasonal variations of solar irradiance components, namely diffuse (EDF), direct (EDR), and global (EG) irradiance. Results demonstrate distinct peaks and declines across seasons, with EDR and EDF exhibiting opposing seasonal trends, influencing the overall variability in, EG. Peaks of, EG occurred in spring (3.32 MJ m−2 h−1 at noon), particularly during October (24.14 MJ m-2 day-1), probably associated with biomass-burning periods and heightened aerosol optical depth (AOD). These findings highlight the impact of biomass-burning aerosols on solar radiation dynamics in the region. In general, the seasonal variability of, EG on the HYGO is lower than that observed in other regions of South America at higher latitudes and reach its maximums during spring months. Moreover, the research evaluates various irradiation models to establish correlations between sunshine hours, measured with a solid glass sphere heliograph, and, EG and EDF at different time scales, showing acceptable accuracy to predict. In addition, the sigmoid logistic function emerges as the most effective in correlating the hourly diffuse fraction (KDh) and the hourly clearness index (KTh), showcasing superior performance compared to alternative functions and exhibiting strong statistical significance and providing valuable insights for future solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts. This study offers valuable insights for solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research for solar power generation, sustainable development and climate resilience in mountainous regions like the Peruvian Andes.
Logging response prediction of high-lithium coal seam based on K-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Mu Xiwei , Zhu Yanming , Dou Kailong , Shi Ying , Huang Manli
Published: August 2024

Lithium in coal, as a new type of associated mineral resource, has considerable potential for exploration. Exploration of high-lithium coal seams is essential for developing and using the associated lithium resources. To explore the distribution of lithium resources in the early stages of development in coal seams, the relationship between coal seam logging data and lithium content was analyzed by taking Guojiadi Coal Mine (China) as example. By analyzing the correlation between the different logging curves and the lithium content in coal and combining the K-means algorithm to identify the logging characteristics of different lithium-containing coal seams, we finally obtained the logging identification characteristics of high-lithium coal seams. The results reveal differences in the logging curves of coal seams with different lithium contents. The natural gamma and lateral resistivity of high-lithium coal seams are approximately 80 API and 100 Ω.M, respectively. Our study shows that the early identification of high-lithium coal seams can be evaluated from a logging perspective. We propose a preliminary identification method of high-lithium coal seam based on logging curve parameters by clustering analysis of borehole logging data to achieve accurate prediction.
Nucleotide polymorphism-based study utilizes human plasma liposomes to discover potential therapeutic targets for intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Chen Ding-Qiang , Que Zhi-Qiang , Xu Wen-Bin , Xiao Ke-Yi , Sun Nai-Kun , Song Hong-Yu , Feng Jin-Yi , Lin Guang-Xun , Rui Gang
Published: August 2024

Background

While intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is crucial in numerous spinally related illnesses and is common among the elderly, the complete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms is still an area of ongoing study. In recent years, it has revealed that liposomes are crucial in the initiation and progression of IVDD. However, their intrinsic mediators and related mechanisms remain unclear. With the development of genomics, an increasing amount of data points to the contribution of genetics in the etiology of disease. Accordingly, this study explored the causality between liposomes and IVDD by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and deeply investigated the intermediary roles of undetected metabolites.

Methods

According to MR analysis, 179 liposomes and 1400 metabolites were evaluated for their causal association with IVDD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with the concentrations of liposomes and metabolites. Consequently, they were employed as instrumental variables (IVs) to deduce if they constituted risk elements or protective elements for IVDD. Furthermore, mediation analysis was conducted to pinpoint possible metabolic mediators that link liposomes to IVDD. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main analytical technique. Various confidence tests in the causality estimates were performed, including consistency, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses. Inverse MR analysis was also utilized to estimate potential reverse causality.

Results

MR analysis identified 13 liposomes and 79 metabolites markedly relevant to IVDD. Moreover, the mediation analysis was carried out by choosing the liposome, specifically the triacylglycerol (48:2) levels, which were found to be most notably associated with an increased risk of IVDD. In all, three metabolite-associated mediators were identified (3-methylcytidine levels, inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) to phosphate ratio, and adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) to glycine ratio).

Conclusion

The analysis’s findings suggested possible causal connections between liposomes, metabolites, and IVDD, which could act as both forecast and prognosis clinical indicators, thereby aiding in the exploration of the pathogenesis behind IVDD.
Research trends in the relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 20-year bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Xu Ruijun , Shao Xuejing , Qiao Huibo , Yan Han , Xue Yi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Vitamin D has a significant correlation with type 2 diabetes. Insufficient levels of vitamin D can cause insulin resistance, which impairs the ability of cells to respond to insulin and worsens the progression of diseases. Furthermore, vitamin D has the potential to enhance the release of insulin, enhance the regulation of blood sugar levels, and reduce the glycemic index. Research has indicated that insufficient levels of vitamin D may elevate the likelihood of experiencing complications related to type 2 diabetes, including cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. This study employed bibliometric analysis to investigate recent advancements in research about the relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We searched for articles on the topic of vitamin D and type 2 diabetes published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023. The search was performed on February 20, 2024, using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we conducted bibliometric analysis and visualization.

Results

A comprehensive study was conducted on a total of 1362 papers pertaining to the relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. The United States had the biggest number of publications and the highest effect among these articles. Within the top 10 most published journals, the journal “DIABETES CARE” has the highest H-index, indicating its significant influence in this field of study. Currently, there is an extensive body of research on the supplementation of vitamin D for the improvement of type 2 diabetes and prevention of complications in type 2 diabetes, as well as its related mechanisms. Research related to bone turnover and peripheral neuropathy represents a promising area for future studies.

Conclusion

Overall, bibliometrics may assist researchers in comprehending the trajectory, significant themes, and scholarly influence of the field concerning vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. This, in turn, offers substantial backing for future studies that delve further into the subject matter.
Elucidating the genetic relationship between ulcerative colitis and diabetic kidney disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Guo Yaping , Yu Hangxing , Li Ying , Zhang Taijun , Xiong Weijian , Wu Xili
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are chronic disorders with multifaceted pathogenesis, posing significant challenges in clinical management. While substantial efforts have been made to investigate the individual causes of these diseases, the interplay between UC and DKD is not well understood. This study aims to elucidate the genetic association between UC and DKD through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, offering new insights into common biological pathways and potential clinical implications.

Methods

We conducted a bidirectional two-sample MR study utilizing data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for both UC and DKD. Instrumental variables (IVs) were meticulously selected according to genome-wide significance and stringent statistical criteria, ensuring robust causal inference. Various MR methodologies, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), were employed to assess the causal relationships between UC and DKD. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to validate the robustness of our findings.

Results

Our analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between genetic predisposition to UC and increased susceptibility to DKD. Specifically, individuals with a genetic susceptibility to UC exhibited a 17.3% higher risk of developing DKD. However, we found no evidence of a causal link between DKD and the risk of developing UC. Additionally, we identified shared genetic risk factors and molecular pathways linking UC and DKD, thereby highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Discussion

This study underscores the intricate genetic interplay between UC and DKD, suggesting that individuals with UC may be at an elevated risk for developing DKD. Understanding these shared genetic pathways could facilitate the development of early detection strategies and targeted interventions for individuals at risk of DKD. Ultimately, these insights could lead to improved clinical outcomes for patients suffering from both conditions.
Mitigation of mismatch losses in solar PV systems: a hybrid L-shaped propagated array configuration approach
Authors: Aljafari Belqasem , Devakirubakaran S. , Balachandran Praveen Kumar , Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu
Published: August 2024

There has been a global expansion of solar electricity during the past decades. Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation is not only simple but also environmentally benign and cost-effective. This is the most affordable and suitable power source for rural areas. The PV power output is unavoidably suppressed when there is partial shade. There were numerous maximum power point tracking (MPPT), arrays, and reconfiguration approaches that were available earlier. The authors have previously described an L-shaped propagating array arrangement. The L-shaped configuration creates the PV rows based on the chess game coin. The knight coin of this game will move in the shape of “L,” which inspired new array configurations. This work discusses the hybridization of the L-shaped configuration with the conventional array configurations. The proposed hybrid L-shaped configuration has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink, where the conventional configuration and the hybrid configurations are validated under different test conditions. The test conditions are created based on the all possible real-word shading patterns. The power generation, mismatch losses, and characteristic curves were attained for each method, and this work presents all these validations with the inferences. In addition, the justification for the suitable array configuration with.
Understanding placed-based pathways by which housing is related to health inequalities: a qualitative interview study in London
Authors: Sheringham Jessica , Klaptocz Joanna , Ingram Elizabeth , Ucci Marcella
Published: August 2024

Background

Housing is a well-recognised determinant of health. It is not known, however, how local decision makers conceptualise the links between housing and health and, in turn, what opportunities they recognise to intervene to address health inequalities.

Materials and methods

A qualitative interview study was undertaken in two areas of London with a range of staff working for public services or local voluntary groups who had professional or lived experience of local housing problems. Data were analysed using a conceptual model that articulated how housing may lead to health inequalities.

Results

Twenty individuals were interviewed, comprising fifteen staff employed by two London Councils and five individuals working in the voluntary sector helping people with housing problems. All participants recognised the importance of structural inequalities in determining access to appropriate quality housing and in influencing the health effects of housing. Overcrowding emerged as a prominent theme, exemplifying the interrelated nature of housing problems. Participants actively considered how the role of public services could alleviate or exacerbate health inequalities. Interventions were often focused specifically on housing and were limited by participants' partial views of the housing-health landscape.

Discussion

A comprehensive framing of housing as a determinant of health inequities was a relevant lens to conceptualise the relationship between housing and health in London. Integration of policies, services and information is needed to design and implement holistic interventions to address inequalities associated with housing. Future conceptual models to understand the interrelationship between place, housing and health may benefit from explicit consideration of the role of public services.
Impact of the “carbon trade—carbon tax” policy package on China’s macroeconomics and carbon emission reduction
Authors: Fei Yanying , Jia Cao
Published: August 2024

Introduction

By constructing a computable general equilibrium model of "carbon trading" and "carbon trade-carbon tax", this study aims to deeply explore the combined impact of these two policies on China's economic development and carbon emission reduction, so as to provide scientific decision support for policy makers.

Methods

In order to accurately simulate the economic effects of carbon trading policies, the carbon trading module was introduced in detail in the "carbon trading" model, and the carbon trading cost was incorporated into the elastic substitution function production module. At the same time, in order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the combination policy of "carbon trade-carbon tax", the cost of carbon tax is included in the constant elastic substitution function of production in the model.

Results and Discussion

Through in-depth data analysis and model calculation, it is found that although a single carbon trading policy can effectively promote the reduction of carbon emissions, its impact on the economy is relatively moderate, especially in promoting the technological upgrading of the power industry. The "carbon trade-carbon tax" combination policy has further strengthened the emission reduction action, in a number of industrial sectors, such as coal, power, heavy industry and light industry, by significantly increasing the cost of carbon emissions to promote emission reduction. The above results show that carbon tax policies play an important role in balancing carbon emission reduction and economic development. Compared with the single carbon trading policy, the introduction of carbon tax makes the emission reduction efforts of various departments more comprehensive, and also contributes to the stable development of the economy.
Cases report: Mosaic structural variants of the EXT1 gene in previously genetically unconfirmed multiple osteochondromas
Authors: Borovikov Artem , Marakhonov Andrey , Murtazina Aysylu , Davydenko Kseniya , Filatova Alexandra , Galeeva Nailya , Kadnikova Varvara , Ogorodova Natalya , Gorodilova Daria , Kanivets Ilya , Pyankov Denis , Zherdev Konstantin , Petel’guzov Aleksandr , Zubkov Pavel , Polyakov Alexander , Shchagina Olga , Skoblov Mikhail
Published: August 2024

Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors known as osteochondromas. The condition is predominantly caused by loss-of-function variants in the EXT1 or EXT2 genes, facilitating relatively precise clinical diagnosis through established diagnostic criteria. Despite this, a notable percentage of MO cases (10%–20%) remains unresolved after sequencing coding regions and copy number analysis of both genes. In our study, we identified mosaic structural variants in two patients who initially yielded negative results on standard genetic analysis for MO. Specifically, mosaic deletions affecting exons 8–11 and exons 2–11 in the EXT1 gene were detected. RNA analysis was performed in one case, while both cases underwent genome sequencing. To date, only six mosaic copy number variations have been reported in association with MO, representing a minority among known variants in both genes. Our report provides a detailed analysis of these findings, highlighting the significance of advanced genetic testing techniques in detecting mosaic variants in the EXT1/2 genes.
Community voices from modern maternal waiting home users in Zambia
Authors: Mwansa Melvin Kunda , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Naidoo Mergan
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to understand community voices on factors influencing utilisation of MMWHs in Zambia.

Methods

The study employed a mixed method study design in four selected health facilities across Zambia districts between January 2021 and December 2022. Purposeful sampling was used to select study participants using MMWH registers as the sampling frame for mothers who had utilised MMWHs and their spouses. Sampling of participants through face-to-face, in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted to saturation in all targeted health facilities Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

Results found that the comfortable state of the MMWHs, long distances to health facilities, fear of maternal complications, availability and positive attitudes of specialized health personnel, and the information on childcare provided were major factors. Spouses supported their partners using MMWHs due to the quality of care and the availability of modern equipment and furniture. However, some spouses indicated that utilisation of MMWHs has a bearing on a household's financial resources.

Conclusion

MMWHs are a pivotal intervention in improving maternal outcomes. All health facilities had no maternal and newborn complications or deaths over the study period.
Bioinformatics analysis of ERCC family in pan-cancer and ERCC2 in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Siyang , Guan Zhenghui , Xia Qiangqiang , Shen Chong , Hu Hailong , Wang Jiangping
Published: August 2024

Background

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes can impair protein function and hinder DNA repair, leading to genetic instability and increased cancer risk. The Excision Repair Cross-Complementation (ERCC) family plays a crucial role in nucleotide excision repair, yet their comprehensive multi-omics characterization and roles in tumor prognosis and immune microenvironment remain unexplored.

Methods and materials

We performed bioinformatics analysis using publicly available data from 33 cancer types to investigate associations between ERCC gene expression, patient prognosis, and clinical features. We also validated the role of ERCC2 in bladder cancer through in vitro assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays.

Results

By utilizing the most recent database, we have conducted an analysis that reveals associations between variations in ERCC expression across multiple cancer types and both patient prognosis and the tumor microenvironment. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we applied the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to adjust for multiple testing. After correction, we identified that ERCC expression levels remained significantly correlated with patient prognosis in various cancer types (p < 0.05). In addition, according to the results of drug sensitivity studies of anticancer drugs, there is a large correlation between ERCC expression and the sensitivity of different anticancer drugs. Finally, in vitro cell behavioral assays determined that knockdown of ERCC2 gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.

Conclusion

Through in-depth exploration of ERCC differential expression and its correlation with immune-related indicators, the unique microenvironment of tumors, and patient prognosis, we verified the potential role of ERCC2 in the process of bladder cancer genesis and progression. Therefore, we believe that the ERCC family of genes is expected to be a new option for cancer treatment and deserves to be further explored in the future.
Ferroptosis: mechanism, immunotherapy and role in ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Ke , Lu Miao , Bi Jianlei , Yao Tianyu , Gao Jian , Ren Fang , Zhu Liancheng
Published: August 2024

Ovarian cancer is currently the second most common malignant tumor among gynecological cancers worldwide, primarily due to challenges in early diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and resistance to existing treatments. Current therapeutic options are inadequate for addressing the needs of ovarian cancer patients. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death with demonstrated tumor-suppressive properties, has gained increasing attention in ovarian malignancy research. A growing body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the onset, progression, and incidence of ovarian cancer. Additionally, it has been found that immunotherapy, an emerging frontier in tumor treatment, synergizes with ferroptosis in the context of ovarian cancer. Consequently, ferroptosis is likely to become a critical target in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Genomic insights into pediatric intestinal inflammatory and eosinophilic disorders using single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Keever-Keigher Marissa R. , Harvey Lisa , Williams Veronica , Vyhlidal Carrie A. , Ahmed Atif A. , Johnston Jeffery J. , Louiselle Daniel A. , Grundberg Elin , Pastinen Tomi , Friesen Craig A. , Chevalier Rachel , Smail Craig , Shakhnovich Valentina
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tissues underlies gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, leading to tissue damage and a constellation of painful and debilitating symptoms. These disorders include inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), and eosinophilic disorders (eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic duodenitis). Gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders can often present with overlapping symptoms necessitating the use of invasive procedures to give an accurate diagnosis.

Methods

This study used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eosinophilic duodenitis to better understand the alterations to the transcriptome of individuals with these diseases and identify potential markers of active inflammation within the peripheral blood of patients that may be useful in diagnosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the blood samples of pediatric patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal disorders, including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic duodenitis, and controls with histologically healthy gastrointestinal tracts.

Results

We identified 730 (FDR < 0.05) differentially expressed genes between individuals with gastrointestinal disorders and controls across eight immune cell types.

Discussion

There were common patterns among GI disorders, such as the widespread upregulation of MTRNR2L8 across cell types, and many differentially expressed genes showed distinct patterns of dysregulation among the different gastrointestinal diseases compared to controls, including upregulation of XIST across cell types among individuals with ulcerative colitis and upregulation of Th2-associated genes in eosinophilic disorders. These findings indicate both overlapping and distinct alterations to the transcriptome of individuals with gastrointestinal disorders compared to controls, which provide insight as to which genes may be useful as markers for disease in the peripheral blood of patients.
γδ T cell-mediated activation of cDC1 orchestrates CD4+ Th1 cell priming in malaria
Authors: Ibraheem Yarob , Bayarsaikhan Ganchimeg , Macalinao Maria Lourdes , Kimura Kazumi , Yui Katsuyuki , Aoshi Taiki , Inoue Shin-Ichi
Published: August 2024

γδ T cells facilitate the CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell response against Plasmodium infection by activating conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our study revealed that γδ T cells promote the complete maturation and production of interleukin-12 and CXCR3-ligands specifically in type 1 cDCs (cDC1), with minimal impact on cDC2 and monocyte derived DCs (Mo-DCs). During the initial infection phase, γδ T cell activation and temporal accumulation in the splenic white pulp, alongside cDC1, occur via CCR7-signaling. Furthermore, cDC1/γδ T cell interactions in the white pulp are amplified through CXCR3 signaling in γδ T cells, optimizing Th1 cell priming by cDC1. We also demonstrated how transitional Th1 cells arise in the white pulp before establishing their presence in the red pulp as fully differentiated Th1 cells. Additionally, we elucidate the reciprocal activation between γδ T cells and cDC1s. These findings suggest that Th1 cell priming is orchestrated by this reciprocal activation in the splenic white pulp during the early phase of blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
Antigen-specific T cell responses in autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Dwyer Alexander J. , Shaheen Zachary R. , Fife Brian T.
Published: August 2024

Autoimmune diabetes is a disease characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells of the endocrine pancreas by islet-reactive T cells. Autoimmune disease requires a complex interplay between host genetic factors and environmental triggers that promote the activation of such antigen-specific T lymphocyte responses. Given the critical involvement of self-reactive T lymphocyte in diabetes pathogenesis, understanding how these T lymphocyte populations contribute to disease is essential to develop targeted therapeutics. To this end, several key antigenic T lymphocyte epitopes have been identified and studied to understand their contributions to disease with the aim of developing effective treatment approaches for translation to the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss the role of pathogenic islet-specific T lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diabetes, the mechanisms and cell types governing autoantigen presentation, and therapeutic strategies targeting such T lymphocyte responses for the amelioration of disease.
Water mass characteristics and hydrodynamics at an inshore versus an offshore mid-Norwegian cold-water coral reef habitat
Authors: Büscher Janina Vanessa , Juva Katriina , Flögel Sascha , Wisshak Max , Rüggeberg Andres , Riebesell Ulf , Form Armin Uwe
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cold-water coral reefs form complex benthic habitats, supporting thousands of species. The broadscale environmental tolerances of reef-forming species such as Lophelia pertusa are well studied, but small-scale differences between different reef settings have received little attention so far. The controlling factors of thriving cold-water coral reefs and how these habitats differ in terms of framework extent, coral colony morphology, and associated fauna could reveal how these benthic ecosystems form and expand. Information on the natural range of environmental fluctuations could provide a better understanding of the resilience of such ecosystems towards environmental changes. Our study aimed to elaborate small-scale forces on local hydrodynamics and oceanographic parameters at two geographically close but contrasting reef sites in mid-Norway.

Methods

We investigated natural fluctuations and the seasonal variability of environmental conditions of an inshore and an offshore Lophelia-dominated reef over an annual cycle by time series monitoring of physical properties by benthic landers and water sampling for biogeochemical variables using CTD casts.

Results and discussion

The flow fields at the extensive reef on the offshore Sula Ridge and a bank reef at Nord-Leksa in a fjord-system differed regarding both short-term and seasonal levels. The inshore flow field was strong and tidally driven, whereas the offshore flow field was slower with large seasonal variability. The local flow regimes and the seasonal atmospheric forcing could explain the observed seasonality of the hydrographic variables and the observed inter-annual variability in biogeochemical variables. Comparison with a flow model showed that the natural short-term and seasonal variability are driven by small-scale forcing that is not represented in model analyses. These results suggest that local hydrodynamics together with sea-floor topography control the reef extent and the morphology of cold-water coral colonies.