bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Fe- and Ni-Based HVOF-Sprayed Coatings Compared to APS-Sprayed TBC Systems for Improved Thermal Insulation Capabilities in Cryogenic Environments
Authors: Hauer Michél , Gericke Andreas , Möhrke Lukas , Krömmer Werner , Henkel Knuth-Michael
Published: May 2023

In the current work, a NiCrAlY and Fe-based alloy are HVOF-sprayed due to the combination of high coating density and customizable coating properties. The oxygen to fuel gas ratio was varied to modify coating defects in a targeted manner. The results demonstrate material dependent defect mechanisms. Further investigations regarded residual stresses, hardness, and electrical conductivity. In particular, the thermal diffusivity proved to be very promising. Moreover, the coatings were compared with previous work on arc-sprayed coatings of similar chemical composition regarding insulation capability.
Formation of AlSiCCr Columnar Medium-Entropy Coating via Aluminizing of Cr3C2 25NiCr HVOF Coating
Authors: Mayer Andre Renan , de Oliveira Willian Rafael , Lourençato Luciano Augusto , Pukasiewicz Anderson Geraldo Marenda
Published: May 2023

There are several challenges when designing components exposed to harsh environments. Cases such as hydraulic turbines and marine propellers are classic examples of demands for materials capable of withstanding erosion and corrosion wear. To enhance and recover worn surfaces, it is usual the use of coatings. This study proposes a new series of coatings based on diffusional effects observed for thermally sprayed chromium carbide coating. A columnar morphology was observed, due to the diffusional gradient perpendicular to the surface. The coating has also shown an absence of porosity and peculiar properties.
Effects of Plume Quenching on Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Sprayed Metals
Authors: Peleg Emma , Vackel Andrew
Published: May 2023

Thermal spray processes benefit from workpiece cooling to prevent overheating of the substrate and to retain metallurgical properties (e.g., temper). Cold-gas “plume quenching” is a plume-targeting cooling technique, where an argon curtain is directed laterally above the substrate surface to re-direct high temperature gases without impacting particle motion. However, there has been little investigation of its effect on the molten particles and the resulting coating properties. This study examined high- and medium- density tantalum and nickel coatings, fabricated by Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spray with and without plume quenching on aluminum and titanium substrates. To compare the effect of plume quenching, the deposition efficiency was calculated through coating mass gain, and the coating density, stiffness, and adhesion were measured. The tantalum and nickel coatings were largely unaffected by plume quenching with respect to deposition efficiencies, coating density, adhesion, and stiffness. These results indicate that a plume quench could be used without affecting the coating properties for high- and medium-density metals while providing the benefit of substrate cooling that increases with higher plume quench gas flow rates.
Effect of Laser Cladding Process Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel Cladding Layer
Authors: Du Kaiping , Pi Ziqiang , Wang Xu , Chen Xing , Ma Yao , Zheng Zhaorao
Published: May 2023

Laser cladding is a technology that uses high-energy-density lasers to quickly melt and solidify alloy powder on the surface of the metal substrate to form a cladding layer with good performance. Especially, martensitic stainless steel is widely used as a cladding material due to its high hardness and wear resistance. In this work, the martensitic stainless steel layers were fabricated on the C45 steel substrate by the laser cladding with different process parameters. The results show that holes in the cladding layer is unavoidable. The laser cladding process parameters have the important influence on the residual stress in the cladding layer. Under the action of residual stresses, the holes in the cladding layer will be the source of cracks, which will cause cracks in the cladding layer.
Adhesion of HVOF Sprayed Coatings on Laser Textured Steel and Ceramics Substrates
Authors: Vostřák Marek , Dlouhá Žaneta , Duliškovič Josef , Jarolímová Lucie , Houdková Šárka , Na’ová Jana , Peters Ole , Schille Joerg , Loeschner Udo , Martan Jiří
Published: May 2023

In thermal spraying, one of the fundamental elements to achieving good bonding strength of the applied coating is surface preparation. Traditionally grit blasting using hard particles such as corundum is used to achieve suitable roughness on the substrate. Lately, there is an effort to find a suitable alternative from ecological and economical aspects. A promising possibility is laser texturing which enables the preparation of defined structures on the surface. Within a research project, procedures are developed to texture various substrates to direct application of HVOF coatings. The main goal is to achieve speeds of texturing comparable to grit blasting – more than 500 mm2/s while ensuring good bonding strength of the applied coating. This study focuses on HVOF spraying of Stellite 6 and WC-CoCr Coating. Selected substrates are steel, and then materials that cannot be traditionally grit blasted – nitrided steel and alumina ceramics. The study presents the analysis of laser textures on substrates, analysis of coating substrate-coating interface, and adhesion tests by tensile test. The most suitable textures – regarding the processing speed and achieved adhesion are selected.
Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of MCrAlY Bond Coats after Laser Microtexturing
Authors: Kiełczawa Tomasz , Sokołowski Paweł , Myalska-Głowacka Hanna , Moskal Grzegorz , Myalska-Głowacka Hanna , Ion Alberto , Denoirjean Alain , Ion Alberto
Published: May 2023

The performance and applicability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) depend strongly on the top coat and bond coat interface integrity. The interlayer in TBC systems is often processed prior to top coat spraying to tailor its material properties or surface topography. Both, the bond coat spraying process and the further post-processing may significantly influence the thermally grown oxide (TGO) build-up which is crucial in terms of enhancing the TBC lifetime. In this work, NiCrAlY bond coats were sprayed by means of atmospheric plasma spraying. The as-sprayed bond coats were subjected to laser microtexturing which resulted in different bond coat topographies. Then, the samples were exposed to isothermal oxidation conditions under various oxidation dwell times to see the TGO evolution. The preliminary assessment of the oxidation mechanisms and oxide distribution was done by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) was used in order to analyze the evolution of bond coat structure and chemical composition during the high temperature oxidation.
Effect of Microstructure on CMAS Interaction of Axial Suspension and Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings—YSZ & GZ
Authors: Lokachari S. , Leng K. , Rincon Romero A. , Hussain T.
Published: May 2023

In the study, Axial Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS) was used to produce a range of columnar microstructures from Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) suspension after an extensive experimental design. The optimized microstructure was applied to a multi-layer GZ/YSZ system, in which both layers were sprayed with SPS. In addition to SPS, a new GZ coating using Axial Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) was developed and deposited on top of the SPS GZ coating. The durability in the furnace cycling test (FCT), as well as the consequences of CMAS infiltration into the columnar coatings was extensively studied on different microstructures. Preliminary CMAS test on the SPS coatings infiltrated them completely, leading to delamination. To minimize the detrimental effect of CMAS on the underlying SPS, the dense solution precursor GZ layer was aimed to act as a sealant to protect the underlying columnar SPS-GZ layer from molten CMAS infiltration.
Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed NiCr Alloy Containing Boron in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution
Authors: Dong Xin-Yuan , Zhu Yong-Sheng , Luo Xiao-Tao , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: May 2023

Since the plasma sprayed coatings always present a limited interlamellar bonding, it is difficult for a plasma sprayed coating to be applied in corrosion environment without any post-spray treatment. In this study, a NiCr powder alloyed with boron was employed to fabricate fully dense corrosionresistant coating by plasma spraying through in-situ deoxidation effect of boron. As reported previously, plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating presents fully dense microstructure with few isolated pores. Due to the oxide-free state of the inflight particles by the deoxidation effect of boron, the splats were effectively bonded upon impact so that the inter-splat boundaries were indiscernible. A long-term immersion corrosion test in NaCl solution was conducted for 80 days to confirm that the plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating presents the superior resistance against the corrosion, which was comparable to the flame spray-fused NiCrBSi coating. Furthermore, the cross-sectional microstructure of the Ni20Cr4B coated Al alloy samples after 80 days immersion revealed that the plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating was dense enough to completely block the penetration of corrosive substance in such an aqueous corrosion environment.
Ultrasonic Atomization as a Novel Route for the Metal Powder Development
Authors: Sajbura Adam , Sokolowski Pawel
Published: May 2023

The widespread use of additive manufacturing and modern powder-based technologies (thermal spraying, hardfacing, sintering) encourages the search for alternative routes enhancing the development of metal and metal alloy powders. The state-of-the-art powder production processes, like gas, water or plasma atomization, are dedicated to mass production, which limits the availability of new powder compositions with desired characteristics. In this study, stainless steel powders were investigated. The powders were atomized by an in-house developed ultrasonic (UT) atomization set-up, called ULTRAMIZER. In this system, the atomization of melt is possible by using a high-power ultrasonic field. The atomized powders were characterized in terms of morphology and particle size distribution (PSD). The powder features were then correlated with operating parameters of: (i) UT atomization system, mainly frequency and root mean square power (RMS), and (ii) the orientation of the atomization plate against the melting system, by means of distance and tilting angle. The study shows that the ultrasonic atomization allows producing nearly spherical, defect-free powder particles, with a very narrow and controllable size distribution. These are important advantages over other metal powder production methods, especially when it comes to the development of new types of powder.
A participação política LGBTQIA+ como caminho para a garantia de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Mendonça Roberta Rayza Silva de , Cynara Dias Barbosa Camilla
Published: May 2023

Este artigo busca demonstrar a importância da representação política LGBTQIA+ para efetividade dos Direitos Humanos desses sujeitos, assim o objetivo geral se orienta em estudar como a participação política de pessoas LGBTQIA+ contribui para uma sociedade ocidental mais justa, que garante e assegura Direitos Humanos. Adotamos o método dedutivo, abordagem qualitativa, tipo de pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva, bem como a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Entendemos que fomentar a representação política LGBTQIA+ aproxima o público dos espaços de poder e aumentam as expectativas de positivação e proteção da população contra as violências em razão do gênero e orientação sexual.
O Território da Escola Nacional de Energia Popular em Viçosa-MG
Authors: Assis Renan , Da Silva Nelmires Ferreira
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho visa compreender o território da Escola Nacional de Energia Popular e como este se articula com as entidades que a compõem. Assim, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas, nas quais buscou-se informações a respeito da historicidade das entidades, suas ações sobre o espaço e a relação delas com a ENEP. A partir desses dados foram elaborados cinco mapas representativos das territorialidades de cada entidade. Os territórios e territorialidades assim reveladas demonstram múltiplas escalas no ínterim de cada organização. A partir disso, podemos concluir que o território da ENEP possui grande abrangência em suas possíveis conectividades. O espaço da Escola é potente pela sua complexa articulação territorial, que amplifica a possibilidades de ações que se realizam sobre a ENEP.
A luta por direitos das pessoas no Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA
Authors: Da C. Campos Sandra Helena , Florentino Thiago , Marques Denilson
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como foco de análise a invisibilidade social vivenciada pelas pessoas no Transtorno do Espectro Autista – TEA, objetivando assim evidenciar a luta por seus direitos de visibilidade. Método: Foi usada como aporte epistemológico a noção honnethiana sobre a luta pela visibilidade e pelo reconhecimento. Também foi articulada esta noção com as legislações que permeiam o TEA. Relevância: Consiste em apontar o fenômeno social da invisibilidade que permeia constantemente esse grupo, causando a falta de dignidade humana, condição essencial em suas vidas. Aspira-se contribuir científica e socialmente ao expor este fenômeno social, assim como propor elementos que promovam a difusão e consciência sobre tema. Considerações Finais: À guisa de conclusão, indubitavelmente o reconhecimento jurídico-institucional alicerça significativamente a saída da invisibilidade vivenciada pelas pessoas no Transtorno do Espectro Autista no meio social, mas para tal viceja ainda sua ampla concretização.
Atuação de uma Organização da Sociedade Civil em um bairro marginalizado
Authors: Cirino Andréia Lopes , Sousa Júnior Carlos Augusto Alves de , Santos Luana Ferreira dos
Published: May 2023

O artigo buscou compreender o espaço de um território marginalizado e analisar como a atuação de uma Organização da Sociedade Civil (OSC) pode influenciar a relação entre a comunidade e o território do bairro Nova Viçosa, localizado em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma investigação baseada em entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados indicam que a OSC presente no território desempenha um papel fundamental em assegurar direitos fundamentais, sendo que sua criação ocorreu quase que concomitante com a criação do bairro Nova Viçosa, propiciando uma melhoria substantiva de vida para as pessoas que chegavam à referida localidade, que até hoje carece de atenção por parte do poder público. O estudo contribui com a literatura ao elucidar empiricamente a discussão acerca da territorização em locais marginalizados, bem como trabalha na exclusão das minorias, sendo a atuação de uma OSC um elemento importante para mitigar problemas públicos sofridos por esta população.
Электроразведка для картирования нефтяного загрязнения грунта : учебное пособие / В.А. Шевнин ; под редакцией доц. Д.К. Большакова. – М. : «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2023 – 92 с.
Authors: Шевни В.А.
Published: May 2023

В пособии кратко изложены основы изменений физических свойств грунтов, происходящих под влиянием нефтяных загрязнений и методика картирования загрязнений, обработка измерений метода сопротивлений, прогноз направления утечки загрязнения в грунте и скорости распространения загрязнения по вертикали и горизонтали. Пособие предназначено для студентов – бакалавров и магистрантов, аспирантов, и специалистов, применяющих электроразведку, и может быть полезно студентам, занимающимся изучением загрязнений грунта нефтепродуктами.
Diversidades e atualidades: ações e reflexões para as ruralidades - Coletânea de trabalhos apresentados no 4º Colóquio do PPGExR/UFSM
Authors: Reisdorfer Vitor Kochhann , Alberti Ricardo , Facco Hector dos Santos , Ferretti Kleber Destefani , Costa Juliana de Almeida
Published: May 2023

A presente coletânea é composta por inúmeros estudos científicos, e visa apresentar uma gama de conhecimentos para os leitores ligadas a diversidade presente no rural brasileiro.
SIGNIFICANT OF NEHY'S FESADA IN TERMS OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: YILMAZ Taha
Published: May 2023

In terms of Islamic law, it is an important issue that prohibition indicates corruption. For a Muslim who takes the divine will as his basis, the fact that something is halal or haram is related to this phenomenon.The idea of Procedural Fiqh and Procedural Religion called “Asleyn” draws a horizon for Muslims with a process that frames the theory.In the context of legal terminology, the expressions of prohibition in the book and the sunnah, which are the main sources of the religion of Islam, express refraining from a job, while wickedness requires that a worship or a legal transaction be null and void due to the lack or defect in its qualifications and conditions.The similarities and differences between these two concepts have been discussed by Islamic scholars and have caused long discussions, and they have been among the concepts that have been on the agenda especially by Islamic jurists.In this study, we tried to examine the issue of prohibition in terms of Islamic law, considering that the issues of order, prohibition, mischief, butlan and health are quite functional and need to be synthesized with a deep philosophical discussion by the method of kalam and fiqh.  By considering the fact that the essence of something is originally, naturally or both, we have put forward the fact that it is addressed to the nehye and the provision of the expression of prohibition, together with the intellectual justifications among the sects.While doing our study, we examined the subject by using the text analysis method of the qualitative method from the perspective of Islamic legal methodology.
PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN ARMED CONFLICT WITHIN THE HAGUE CONVENTION 1954
Authors: TABANLI Figen
Published: May 2023

Cultural values are part of human dignity and civilian life. Cultural property must be primarily protected during armed conflicts as well as during peacetime. Unfortunately, in armed conflicts, culture has often been one of the primary victims of conflict. As a matter of fact, the parties to the conflict usually target the cultural heritage militarily or politically in order to demoralize the targeted society and show their superiority. During the armed conflicts, many cultural heritages, many of them world heritage, have been destroyed or damaged. The destruction of cultural heritage fuels violence, hatred and revenge among people and undermines the foundations of peace by impeding reconciliation even when conflicts are over. The protection of cultural property in international law is regulated in many international documents. However, the first international regulation prepared by UNESCO on the protection of cultural property in times of armed conflict, “The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict” has a special importance. International law requires the protection of cultural heritage in armed conflicts. Recent history, however, provides numerous examples of the deliberate destruction or its use to secure a military objective. This leads to questioning whether international law provides adequate protection to cultural heritage in times of armed conflict. The study aims to examine what should be understood from the concept of cultural property in terms of international law, what the international regulations are in this regard and whether these regulations are sufficient, on the basis of the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Properties during Armed Conflicts, and to make some observations and comments.
A CASE STUDY OF A GERMAN LANGUAGE LEARNING PERCEPTIONS OF LEARNERS ON ANDROID SYSTEMS AT THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: SONYEL Bengi , MOSTASHARI Arian
Published: May 2023

At the present time, with the advancement of technology in mobile phones and tablets which have equipped people with mobile computers, and because of students’ preferences for convenient and low-cost approach of learning, the idea of using mobile applications for educational purposes is gradually getting stronger. Hence, it is essential to investigate about the benefits and drawbacks of using applications in education and develop this idea in order to improve and prosper the future of pedagogy and expand it beyond classrooms.  The aim of this research is to analyze the viewpoint of the Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) students, who are registered to the German Language Learning course (ELT502) which is given by the School of Foreign Languages. In this research, a quantitative approach was used, and the required data was gathered through questionnaires which were responded to by the students at the School of Foreign Languages and has been analyzed by SPSS 25. The results of this research illustrated that students were satisfied by using this type of education and are willing to utilize it again in order to improve their language learning skills. Along with the results, this research has provided some recommendations like applying the efficient methods in M-Learning in order to improve the learners’ language learning process.
ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OLD BUILDINGS WITH FOOD AND ENTERTAINMENT FUNCTIONS; EXAMPLE OF DİYARBAKİR TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS
Authors: ŞEHİR Berivan , AYKAL F. Demet , ERBAŞ ÖZİL Meltem
Published: May 2023

Diyarbakır traditional houses, which have witnessed many civilizations, are an important part of the urban identity. Diyarbakır traditional houses have an important place in architecture in terms of socio-cultural structure and history. Traditional houses need to be preserved and passed on to future generations. Today, there are different protection methods. One of these methods is refunctioning. Problems arising from new functions are observed in the preserved structures by re-functioning. It should be taken into account that the new function should not damage the building, and that the cultural and historical value should be preserved, and at the same time, the increasing user requirements and comfort should be provided with the function. The study was carried out in order to emphasize the importance of ergonomics in repurposed traditional houses and to determine whether it meets the comfort of the user. As a result, it is expected that traditional houses will provide ergonomic features with new functionality. In the study, ergonomic problems that arise due to the new function in traditional houses that are functional as cafes and restaurants were examined. For this purpose, eight traditional houses functioning as cafes and restaurants were chosen. Afterwards, a questionnaire was applied to the users for ergonomic evaluation by taking data such as color, lighting, noise, human dimensions, seating area calculation, window sizes of the units as reference. With the data obtained as a result of the analysis of the observations and questionnaires, the points to be considered in the functionalization were determined.
A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION ON GENRES OF FOLK LITERATURE IN ANATOLIAN AND AZERBAIJAN FIELDS
Authors: KAYHAN Shurubu
Published: May 2023

Turkey and Azerbaijan, with their deep ties in their roots, are two states, a nation that lives together with the same history, culture, epics, heroism, losses and victories. The cultural values shared by both states are quite similar. Folk literature products, which continue as a continuation of the oral tradition in Anatolia, where the Turks have settled, are composed of genres that are jointly created by societies and that reflect their unique tastes. Folk literature genres include epic, fairy tale, folk tale, legend, folk song, mania, lullaby, lament, riddle, rhyme, idiom and proverb, applause and confusion. The mentioned species are important products that make up societies and keep them together for generations. In this study, folk literature genres in both Anatolia and Azerbaijan will be discussed, and the literary and cultural ties between the two peoples will be tried to be determined by making a comparative analysis between genres as a method.  The aim of this study is to examine both prose (epic, tale, folk tale, legend) and verse types (folk song, mania, lullaby, lament, riddle, rhyme, idiom and proverb) applause and confusion) by comparing them with examples. In this context, first literary genres will be mentioned and then the features between genres will be compared.
NEW AGE BELIEFS OF DIGITAL NATIVE STUDENTS
Authors: BOZDAĞ TULUM Arzu
Published: May 2023

In this research; it is aimed to determine whether the young generation expressed as “Digital Native” has new age beliefs, to analyse these beliefs in terms of socio-demographic variables, to present the psycho-social reasons behind these beliefs and to contribute to the literature.  In this research, mixed research method was used. While in-depth interview technique was used from qualitative techniques, survey technique was used from quantitative techniques The population of the study consists of students who have the characteristics of “Digital Native” and continue their education at high school level in 5 different types. In this context, a total of 206 students were identified as the research sample. The main data sources of the research are the participant information form including the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the “New Age Beliefs Scale” developed by Kaya and Mevlüt. The data obtained in the study were analysed using SPSS 25. In the analyses, firstly, the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and then the levels of “New Age Beliefs” were determined. In addition, in order to determine whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants create a significant difference with the levels of “New Age Beliefs”, frequency distributions, percentage and mean score values were determined and T test and Anova analyses were performed. In addition to these quantitative data, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants. In-depth interviews were recorded and then transcribed and written down. All the data obtained were interpreted together and included in the research. As a result of the research, it was found that “Digital Native” participants had moderate levels of “New Age Beliefs”. However, among the sub-dimensions of “New Age Beliefs”; “Old Folk Beliefs and Predicting the Future” sub-dimension scores were found to be low, while “Spiritism and Psychic Powers” and “Healing Objects and Methods” sub-dimensions scores were found to be high. In the study, it was observed that “New Age Beliefs” made a difference in terms of socio-demographic variables; school type and the place where they spent most of their lives.
REGARDING REWARDS AND PENALTY PRACTICES IN THE CLASS MANAGEMENT PROCESS TEACHER OPINIONS
Authors: PARİN Mehmet , PEKER Tuğrul , ALANAY Durali
Published: May 2023

In this study, it was aimed to determine the situations of teachers applying reward and punishment in the classroom management process. The study group of this research, which is a qualitative study, consists of 23 teachers from different branches working in secondary education institutions within the body of Antalya Kepez District National Education Directorate. The participants of the research were formed by the maximum diversity method. The data of the research were collected through a semi-structured interview form, which is a qualitative data collection tool. In the semi-structured interview form, which was created by taking expert opinion, the teachers were asked "What are the main undisciplined behaviors of the students in classroom management?", "How and in what way do reward and punishment practices take place in the classroom management process?" have an effect on their behavior?'', ''Which rewards and punishments do you use most in order to regulate the behavior of students in the classroom?'' and ''What alternative practices can be used instead of rewards and punishments in classroom management?'' were asked. Interviews with the participants were recorded on a voice recorder. The data obtained from the interview were analyzed with qualitative data analysis methods and the interview data were defined and interpreted. In the findings obtained as a result of the research, the main undisciplined behaviors of the students are titled as the student's not knowing how to behave in the classroom, being indifferent to the school and lessons, and disrespectful towards his teachers and friends. In the second sub-problem, the most used reward application by the teachers is rewarding with a grade when the student shows positive behavior. Punishment was observed to be in the form of verbal warning when the student exhibits undesirable behavior. In the third sub-problem, the teachers stated that the reward had an effect on the behavior and the punishment had little or no effect on the behavior. In the fourth sub-problem, it was seen that teachers mostly used grades and psychological rewards as rewards, and psychological punishment the most as punishment. In the last sub-problem, it was observed that teachers did not have enough or no knowledge about alternative practices instead of rewards and punishments in classroom management. Teachers should be informed about the measured use of reward and punishment, which is a behavior control mechanism, in the classroom management process, and the possible negativities that may arise as a result of the use of reward and punishment. In classroom management, teachers should undergo in-service training on which alternative practices can be applied instead of rewards and punishments.   Finally, for an effective classroom management, it is necessary to enrich the classrooms with materials and improve their physical conditions in order to teach the lesson with student-centered, activity-based methods and techniques.
KING HEROD'S CAESAREA MARITIMA
Authors: GELİR ÇELEBİ Azize
Published: May 2023

Caesarea Maritima is an ancient harbour city and is located on the Mediterranean coast of the present-day State of Israel. It was founded on an ancient Hellenistic Phoenician city called Straton Tower. King Herod, the founder of Caesarea Maritima, is a successful Roman ruler. Herod, whose most important architectural and engineering achievement in Caesarea was the Sebastos Harbour, established the city within the framework of the most advanced facilities of the period. He built not only Sebastos Harbour, but also a temple dedicated to Rome and Augustus, the Promontory Palace, a hippodrome, a theater and aqueducts, and established one of the most developed port cities of the period. Behind all these monumental and public buildings, the city of Caesarea Maritima is also a reflection of King Herod's imagination and entrepreneurial personality.   In the article, it is aimed to present the port city Caesarea Maritima, founded by King Herod in ancient times: how it was formed, important structures and Herod's reconstruction activities, by blending the narratives of the Roman historian Josephus Flavius with archaeological data.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE MANIPULATION ON THE PREFACES IN TERMS OF PARATEXTS: THE FIRST FRENCH AND ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE HOLY QUR’AN
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Recep
Published: May 2023

The manipulation in translation is a fact that can sometimes be seen through history. The statements such as, “All translations imply that the source text is manipulated in some way for a specific purpose”, and “Translation cannot be thought differently from ideology” are partly correct especially in the sacred texts, social media translations and translations related to politics because the translation of a sacred text related to a religion to which you are not connected is very difficult and it necessitates precision, and also the manipulation in translations of social media and political texts is a way sometimes used to manipulate. When the translations of the Qur’an examined, the strategies such as addition, omission, modulation are seen to be used very often. However,even though the manipulation is not usually deliberate, the using of prefaces is a way sometimes used to manipulate the readers. In the first Qur’an translation in French done by André du Ryer in 1647 and the first translation in English directly from the French version by du Ryer, it can be seen that the readers are manipulated through the section “Au lecteur” in French translation and “To the reader” in English version. In this study, the first French and English translations of the Qur’an will be examined with regards to the manipulation in the prefaces in terms of paratextes.
LIBRARY ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC HOUSES
Authors: ÇANAK Erdem
Published: May 2023

Public Houses operated between 1932-1951. These institutions which are important socio-cultural institution that has marked to near-term history of Turkey were opened on 19th February 1932 and reached a total number of 478 by the year they were shut down in 1951. Public Houses, which were opened all over the country, tried to make people adopt the values of the republic through their branches all over the country. One of them is the Library and Publication Branch. The branch has two main areas of activity: library and publication. Trying to meet the reading needs of the society with the library and reading rooms it opened, the branch also strived for the love of books. In this way, many books, brochures and newspapers were published. Local cultural values recorded with these published works have been transferred to future generations. Thus, while working for social enlightenment with libraries, it also contributed to the formation of national culture. With all these activities, the enlightenment process of the republic was tried to spread throughout the country. In this study, the studies of the Library and Publication branches on librarianship are discussed.
Mutu Hedonik dan Cemaran Mikrobiologi Olahan Sambal Ikan Tongkol Asap (Euthynnus afinnis) dengan Kemasan Retort Pouch
Authors: Sasongko Lukas Wibowo , Masi Aloysius
Published: May 2023

Ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai produk sambal ikan asap. Upaya diversifikasi olahan ikan tongkol dilakukan dengan aplikasi asap cair kemudian diolah menjadi sambal ikan tongkol dalam kemasan retort pouch. Penggunaan kemasan retort pouch akan meningkatkan daya awet dari produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan teknologi pengalengan sambal ikan tongkol asap dengan kemasan retort pouch, menganalisis mutu hedonik dan mengalisis cemaran mikrobiologi yang ada pada produk tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode perendaman ikan tongkol dalam larutan asap cair 5% selama 5 menit. Ikan tongkol selanjutnya diolah menjadi sambal ikan dengan dua varian yaitu sambal balado dan sambal rica-rica. Produk disterilisasi dalam kemasan retort pouch pada suhu 121oC selama 20 menit, kemudian disimpan hingga 2 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua kali ulangan. Parameter mutu produk diukur dengan  uji hedonik, cemaran ALT, E.Coli dan Salmonella. Data mutu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian akan menghasilkan produk tepat guna sambal ikan tongkol asap siap saji (ready to eat) yang memiliki mutu dan daya awet lebih baik dibandingkan dengan produk yang dikemas konvensional. Tingkat kesiapterapan teknologi (TKT) dari penelitian terapan ini adalah pada TKT 6 yaitu demonstrasi model/prototype pada lingkungan yang relevan
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING THE STATE OF THE WATER ECOSYSTEM BASED ON THE METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENERGY APPROACH
Authors: ANDREEV Viacheslav , SLUCHAK Oleksandr , SLUCHAK Olena , ALEKSEEVA Anna , KRYSINSKA Diana ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University
Published: May 2023

The article develops a methodology for modeling the state of the food chain of the aquatic ecosystem in terms of biomass growth of producers based on ecological energy stoichiometry. The research is based on a number of sinusoidal functions developed during the simulation of the monthly solar energy arrival per unit area by latitude. The average forecast indicator of energy input for southern Ukraine of 2518 MJ/m2 is very close to the results of similar applied measurements in Odesa. For modeling, the average latitude for Ukraine is 48°23′, the average inclinations of the sun for each of the 8 months according to the astronomical calendar (about 14), as well as the average duration of a sunny day, and the angle of incidence and reflection of the sun’s rays on water are determined based on them, taking into account only the angle of incidence at noon, and changes during the day (the angle of reflection ranges from 17.5 in June to 29.26 in September). Correction coefficients for latitude were derived, the percentage ratio of days with cyclonic weather, due to which there is an increase in reflection due to cloudiness and waves, was calculated – 638 hours and 30 minutes. The efficiency of photosynthesis for the main groups of phytoplankton organisms was calculated, which is 1.98 % for Chlorophyta, 2.38 % for Cyanophyta, 1.96 % for Euglenophyta and 1.65 % for all others. The overall average efficiency of photosynthesis was thus 1.83 %. Taking into account the area of ​​the water mirror, the arrival of energy, reflection, scattering and absorption. Taking into account the efficiency of photosynthesis, a stoichiometric simulation of the increase in biomass of producers was carried out. The potential of carbon dioxide deposition is 2.6 kg/m2 per year, oxygen release is 1.92 kg/m2, and biomass growth is 1.8 kg/m2. This is the maximum potential. The study is supplemented by derived correction factors based on energy and toxicological indices of environmental safety, ORP and the Redfield ratio. This gives a real total energy per square meter of 12335.66473 kJ, biomass growth of 773.1266184 g/m2. The predictive model yields 577.6 kg/ha per year of fish, which is close to the value of natural bioproductivity for herbivorous fish (505 kg/ha). At the stage of food chain analysis, it is proposed to additionally use the deduced regularity of the effect of salinity on the growth of macroliths and correction coefficients of fish productivity for different soils. The basis for automation and local modeling is laid.
CREATION OF DRONE STABILIZATION SYSTEM USING REINFOCEMENT LEARNING
Authors: KRYVENCHUK Yurii , PETRENKO Dmytro ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the results of research on the topic of using reinforcement learning algorithms in drone control systems, with the aim of improving the quality and increasing the speed of this type of systems, their distribution and implementation in the relevant areas in Ukraine. The following main stages are highlighted and described: review of training systems with reinforcement, determination of the main parameters according to which training will be conducted, comparison of results obtained on different networks. After analyzing the results, it was found that creating a drone position stabilization system using reinforcement learning is a relevant and appropriate task today, and the most effective tool for this is the use of reinforcement learning in combination with deep neural networks. Drone settings contain many parameters. Selecting these parameters and learning how to control the drone takes a lot of time. Drone pilots usually rely on their own experience and intuition when flying. This article examines the use of deep reinforcement learning to assist the pilot in typical or complex situations, as well as to extend the life of drones and avoid out-of-state situations. A general model represents an algorithm with input parameters equal to those required to represent the possible states and output parameters of the system sufficient to describe the possible actions. The algorithm automatically selects different models according to different parameters. It is determined that the algorithm can successfully start work with a low-efficiency model template and show good model performance and adjust the parameters of the number of layers, policy, entropy ratio, etc. This shows the potential for further application of these algorithms for designing drones. The result obtained during the execution of this work was a system that allows to simplify the process of choosing a deep learning algorithm with reinforcement in any created simulation environment for an agent of any complexity simulated in the Unreal Engine 4 game engine. The drone setup master must correctly formulate the task that the drone must perform, determine the main requirements for performance and the main possible bad options for performance. As a result of training, the drone will be able to stabilize itself from different positions, which will help to avoid emergency situations. This work can be widely applied in modern realities.
MIMO ANTENNA ARRAY WITH DIRECTIONAL DIAGRAM SPREAD FOR 5G SMARTPHONES
Authors: MISHAN Viktor , KARPOVA Lesia , LOBACHOVA Inna ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2023

Multiple-input/multiple-output technology can exponentially increase the data transfer rate and spectrum efficiency without any need of increasing the transmission power and bandwidth. It is the most promising technology to be used in the upcoming 5G communications. To be more accurate, the fourth generation smartphones are set to use the long-term evolution MIMO technology and operate in multi-bands. Therefore, MIMO antennas are to use in future portable devices such as mobile handsets and tablets. A new multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design is introduced for future smartphones. The proposed design contains four pairs of double-fed circular-ring resonators located at different edges of the smartphone printed circuit board (PCB) with an FR-4 substrate and a dimension of 75 × 150 mm2. The antenna elements are fed by 50-Ohm microstriplines and provide polarisation and radiation pattern diversity function due to the orthogonal placement of their feed lines. By inserting a rectangular slot under each microstrip feed-line, the mutual coupling characteristic of the antenna ports is reduced. A good frequency bandwidth (S11 ≤ − 10 dB) of 3.3–3.9 GHz has been obtained for the smartphone antenna array. Nevertheless, for S11 ≤ −6 dB, this value is 3.1–4.3 GHz. More than 3 dB realised gain and 80% total efficiency are achieved for the single element radiator. The design provides not only sufficient radiation coverage supporting different sides of the mainboard but also the polarisation diversity. In addition, sufficient properties are obtained in the vicinity of human-hand/human-head. The proposed MIMO antenna design is also capable to generate dual- or multi-band function. Moreover, a new and compact phased array millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antenna design with end-fire radiation beams is introduced which can be easily integrated into smartphones.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEWING PRODUCTS: CUTTING PRODUCTION
Authors: RUBANKA Mykola , DVORZHAK Volodymyr , RUBANKA Alla ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, POLISHCHUK Oleh , HORIASHCHENKO Serhiy ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2023

The article considers the technological process of production of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise and the typical equipment used during such a process. It is revealed that the increase in the range of sewing products, the appearance of new materials, the speed of changing models, methods of processing, etc., necessitates a systematic search for rational and effective solutions for the technological process of production, including through the introduction of modern innovative equipment. The most used standard equipment of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise has been analyzed. The main requirements for the equipment involved in the technological process of production of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise have been determined. Also, the ways of possible improvement of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise have been outlined. The object of the research is a typical cutting department of a Ukrainian sewing enterprise, i.e. the technological process of production and the equipment used during such process. The method of system analysis is used. Theoretical studies are based on the main provisions of light industry production technologies. A generalized classification scheme of the standard equipment of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise has been developed, which can be used at light industry enterprises, in particular the cutting department of a sewing enterprise, when choosing energy-efficient and high-tech equipment. Also, the main problems that need to be solved for the successful development of an average sewing enterprise are outlined. The results of the study can be used in the design of new and modernization of existing cutting departments of sewing enterprises.
AUTOMATED PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF WIDE-ANGLE EYEPIECES WITH 90-DEG FIELD OF VIEW
Authors: SOKURENKO Vyacheslav , KRYZHІY Andriy ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: May 2023

Designing a wide-angle eyepiece’s optical system is a multidimensional problem that cannot currently be solved analytically. The final solution should meet specific requirements on the distortion properties, as well as different user-defined restrictions: overall dimensions, lateral color, etc. To solve this problem, we propose to apply one of the global optimization algorithms, which excludes the necessity of having initial solutions with good image quality. In this work, we carry out parametric aberration synthesis of a series of wide-angle eyepieces with a different number of lenses for use in telescopes or microscopes. All optical systems provide the 90-degree angular field of view, the 17.9× magnification, the 4-mm exit pupil diameter, and the 16-mm eye relief. The parametric synthesis process itself was carried out in an automated mode with the global optimization algorithm based on modified differential evolution. This algorithm was implemented and examined earlier in software PODIL intended for optical systems design. The computer simulations showed that the time interval necessary for automated designing such eyepieces (with a total number of unknown variables up to 60) is about 20 hours. The evaluated aberrations and image quality functions confirmed the high image quality of the designed optical systems of the developed wide-angle eyepieces. The user-defined technical requirements and restrictions set in the merit function are completely met in found solutions. All developed optical systems are well corrected on theta distortion: its value does not exceed 0.6% over the whole field. Future research can be directed onto testing automated design capabilities for other types of optical systems with extreme performances.