bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitorización de la perfusión tisular en el paciente críticamente enfermo
Authors: Hernández-González Guadalupe Lisseth , Salgado Reyes José Manuel
Published: February 2021

La hipoperfusión tisular contribuye a la disfunción orgánica múltiple, por lo que deberá de ser monitoreada en los pacientes críticamente enfermos; El choque de cualquier etiología, se caracteriza por la inadecuada perfusión de los tejidos del organismo, produciendo una situación de desequilibrio entre el aporte y la demanda de oxígeno. Sin embargo, la evaluación hemodinámica temprana que se lleva a cabo mediante hallazgos físicos, entre ellos signos vitales, presión venosa central y volumen urinario no detectan la hipoxia tisular global persistente. La monitorización actual para la valoración de la oxigenación tisular durante la reanimación del paciente crítico está basada principalmente en los parámetros de transporte y consumo de oxígeno derivados de la hemodiná­mica global.
Enfisema lobar congénito. presentación de caso clínico
Authors: Terceros Machucha Lario , Lazarte Amaya Rossio Karen , Baldelomar Fuentes Micaela , Chucusea Martinez Noemi
Published: February 2021

El enfisema lobar congénito (ELC), es una malformación pulmonar rara. Se trata de una sobre distención de uno o más lóbulos pulmonares. Las causas principales son la deficiencia del desarrollo del cartílago bronquial y la obstrucción bronquial de tipo valvular generalmente causada por estenosis bronquial idiopática. El tratamiento, en general es quirúrgico

Laboratorios de ingreso normales. Ecocardiografía: Dextro posición cardiaca en situs solitus por desplazamiento de una masa, CIV, FOP. Ecografía Diafragmática y abdominal normal.

Colon por enema: Marco colonico buen pasaje localizado en topografía habitual. TAC Tórax múltiples quistes en campo pulmonar izquierdo. Se realiza lobectomía inferior izquierda. Histopatología confirma enfisema lobar congénito. Es dado de alta a los 10 días posquirúrgico.
Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en la comunidad rural apostadero, municipio Sotillo, estado Monagas, Venezuela.
Authors: Brito Núñez Jesús David , Landaeta Mejías Juan Antonio , Chávez Contreras Andrea Neseva , Gastiaburú Castillo Priscilla Katherine , Blanco Martínez Ytalia Yanitza
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Las enfermedades parasitarias a nivel intestinal aún tienen un papel importante en salud pública y son uno de los problemas médicos importantes, constituyendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad en niños en Latinoamérica, así también Venezuela. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños menores de 15 años en la población estudiada. Metodología: El tipo de estudio fue observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, cada participante fue evaluado clínicamente y mediante un análisis coproparasitológico, las muestras fecales fueron estudiadas mediante examen directo en solución salina fisiológica y coloración temporal de lugol, y la aplicación de la Técnica de Kato. Dichas técnicas se realizaron directamente en comunidad rural. Resultados: Se evaluaron 64 niños entre 0-15 años de edad, de ellos: 51,6% masculinos y 48,4% femeninos. 87,5% presentaron manifestaciones clínicas, siendo el bruxismo más frecuente, seguido de dolor abdominal. El hallazgo de parasitosis intestinales general fue 92,20%. Se diagnosticaron parasitosis por 14 especies diferentes, de ellos 9 eran protozoarios y 5 helmintos. Conclusíon: Se determinó una alta prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños menores de 15 años, los helmintos más frecuentes fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura y Ancilostomideos con 72,9%, 47,5% y 33,9% respectivamente. Entre los protozoarios y cromistas destacan: Blastocystis spp (50,8%), Entamoeba coli (28,8%) y Giardia lamblia (23,7%). El poliparasitismo fue superior a 81,4% y las asociaciones más frecuentes fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides + Blastocystis spp (12,5%), seguido por Entamoeba coli + Ascaris lumbricoides +Trichuris trichiura (6,3 %).
Calidad de vida relacionada a la deglución conceptos y aplicabilidad en salud
Authors: Morales Camilo , Guevara Exequiel
Published: February 2021

La disfagia o trastorno de la deglución es una complicación clínica prevalente con impacto en la salud y calidad de vida de las personas, entendiéndose esta última como la percepción del individuo sobre su salud en variadas dimensiones, cuya medición permite captar impacto de la enfermedad o progresos terapéuticos. Su utilidad clínica en la valoración de la disfagia implica además captar la perspectiva de la persona en relacion a sus propias complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer una revisión teórica del concepto calidad de vida y sus variaciones, además de ofrecer y describir instrumentos genéricos y específicos de utilidad para la medición del constructo, especificando en los trastornos deglutorios. Para tal fin, se llevó a cabo una revisión de literatura en bases de datos para la identificación y descripción de los principales instrumentos utilizados. Se discute la utilidad clínica, en investigación y elementos a considerar para aplicar dichos instrumentos en diferentes contextos.
Hallazgos por imagen de tumor carcinoide bronquial en hospital de La Habana
Authors: Ortiz Roque Jorge , Mantilla Hernández Juan Felipe , Pérez Restrepo Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Se presenta un caso de adolescente sin comorbilidades, quien cursó durante tres meses con infecciones respiratorias a repetición sin mejoría a pesar de manejo médico apropiado. En imagen de control posterior a la hospitalización, se documenta en estudios de imagen lesión del lóbulo inferior derecho con crecimiento endoluminal y mediante broncoscopía se confirma la presencia de una masa tumoral en la luz del bronquio para dicho lóbulo. Se realiza biopsia y el estudio anatomopatológico reporta tumor carcinoide variedad típica. A pesar que es una entidad poco frecuente, el tumor carcinoide es una neoplasia neuroendócrina que se puede presentar en el sistema respiratorio en este grupo poblacional y se debe considerar en el contexto de infecciones respiratorias a repetición. Los estudios de imagen deberían ser parte de la evaluación de todo paciente que cursa con complicaciones de infecciones respiratorias y en el diagnóstico diferencial de otras entidades respiratorias.
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG USE IN BIPOLAR PATIENTS
Authors: Rashid Aysha , Mariam Haroon  , Sumira Qambar Bokhari  , Aysha Butt  , Nauman Mazhar  , Ali Anjum
Published: February 2021

Background: Substance Use is highly associated with bipolar affective disorder, however the reason for the co-occurrence is unknown. It was evident that if a bipolar patient use  drug of abuse his outcome will be poor. Either it can directly trigger the affective symptoms, or may affect the treatment compliance indirectly.

Aims: The objective of this study was to study the demographic correlates of drug abuse in patients with bi-polar affective disorder.

Method: Cross-Sectional research design and non-probability consecutive sampling was used to collect data from a private clinic in Lahore. Data was comprised of 368 patients of bipolar disorder.

Results: Out of a total of 368 bipolar patients, drug abuse was found in 147 patients that is 39.9%. The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 31.03 ±5.837; mean monthly income was 229597.82 ±164626.77 PKR. The mean duration of illness was 6.54 ±5.157. The mean number of drugs used was 2 ±0.875. The mean cost of drug was 29945.7 ±19068.8 PKR. The mean number of hospitalization was 2.47 ±1.694. Association  between drug use and  occupation of  bipolar patients (0.006), factors leading to initiation of drug use (0.000), family history of drug use (0.001), current episode (0.000) and the type of drugs used (0.000)  was statistically significant.

Conclusion: The cause and effect relationship between drug use and bipolar disorder cannot be clearly identified. However occupation of the patient, reasons of initiating drugs, drug abuse in family, current episode as well as  type of drugs used have  significant association  with drug abuse in bipolar patients .
Utero-cutaneous Fistula Following Cesarean Section Fruitful Management
Authors: Latif Lubna , Iqbal Nargis , Salman Nosheen , Nisar Mehreen
Published: February 2021

Utero‑cutaneous fistula is one of the most unusual entity and up till now only a few case reports have been published. Most Utero‑cutaneous fistulas are secondary to postoperative complications following caesarean or other pelvic surgery. A 30‑year‑old woman, Para 4+0, all LSCS noticed bleeding through Pfannenstiel incision scar, following forth cesarean section. A fistulous tract was demonstrated at examination with a probe, between abdominal wound and uterus. The women underwent laparotomy with excision of the fistulous tract and repair of uterine and abdominal walls by taking all preventive measures for recurrence. She remained well postoperatively, specimen taken from fistulous tract sent for histopathology.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN PEDOMAN GIZI SEIMBANG DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA USIA 36-60 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS KARANG KITRI BEKASI 2018
Authors: Simanjuntak Farida Mentalina
Published: February 2021

Pendahuluan: Pedoman Gizi Seimbang telah dikenalkan dan disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat lebih dari 15 tahun lalu, namun masih banyak masalah gizi yang belum teratasi yaitu gizi lebih dan gizi kurang.  Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan penerapan pedoman gizi seimbang  dengan status gizi  pada balita usia 36-60 bulan di wilayah Puskesmas Karang Kitri Bekasi Tahun 2018. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode studi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan dilakukan uji chi square. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu, pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang telah ditetapkan dan jumlah sampel 46 balita yang berusia 36-60 bulan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penerapan pedoman gizi seimbang dengan status gizi pada balita usia 36-60 bulan di Wilayah Puskesmas Karang Kitri Bekasi Tahun 2018 (Pvalue = 0,012). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penerapan pedoman gizi seimbang dengan status gizi pada balita usia 36-60 bulan di wilayah Puskesmas Karang Kitri (Pvalue = 0,012).
The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude And Hand Washing Behavior With Recurrent Typhoid Fever In Puskesmas Bojong Rawalumbu Bekasi 2019
Authors: Simamora Rotua Suriany
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang : Demam thypoid merupakan penyakit yang menyerang usus halus. Penyakit ini dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, hygiene diri. Mencuci tangan merupakan salah satu cara yang paling efektif dan sering dilewatkan untuk mencegah penyebaran berbagai jenis infeksi dan penyakit baik di rumah, tempat kerja dan rumah sakit.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku mencuci tangan dengan demam thypoid berulang di Puskesmas Bojong Rawalumbu Bekasi.

Metode Penelitian : Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik kolerasi dengan pendekatan crossectional study

Hasil Penelitian : Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap tentang mencuci tangan dengan kejadian thypoid berulang tetapi ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku mencuci tangan dengan kejadian demam thypoid berulang di puskesmas bojong rawalumbu bekasi dengan nilai p value 0,006.
ANALISIS ANGKA KUMAN PADA TANGAN PEDAGANG LOTEK DI JALAN RAYA ANDALAS KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sari Mila
Published: February 2021

Abstrak : Salah satu sumber kontaminasi makanan yang potensial adalah dari tangan tenaga penjamah. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan pada pedagang lotek di jalan Raya Andalas, perilaku penjamah makanan kurang memperhatikan hygiene pada saat pengolahan lotek terutama pada hygiene tangan, pedagang tidak mencuci tangan dengan air mengalir sebelum mengolah makanan, prilaku pedagang yang langsung menyentuh bahan makanan tanpa perantara (sarung tangan) melainkan langsung dengan tangan, dan juga makanan yang dikonsumsi dalam keadaan mentah,. Hal ini dapat memungkinkan terjadinya kontaminasi kuman pada tangan terhadap lotek yang diolah oleh penjamah dan dapat beresiko terjadinya penyakit bagi konsumennya.Tujuan penelitian ini diketahuinya angka kuman pada tangan pedagang lotek di Jalan Raya Andalas Kota Padang Tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah bersifat deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pedagang lotek di Jalan Raya Andalas yang berjumlah 6 orang. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah penjamah lotek di jalan Raya Andalas yaitu 5 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari pengamatan kondisi tangan dan pengambilan sampel kuman pada tangan pedagang kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk di inkubasi selama 2x24 jam dan dihitung jumlah koloni kuman, pemeriksaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan pada tangan pedagang lotek terdapat 4 pedagang yang memenuhi syarat angka kuman pada tangan yaitu 89 CFU, 76 CFU, 63 CFU, 93 CFU dan 1 pedagang yang tidak memenuhi syarat angka kuman pada tangan yaitu 303 CFU.Diharapkan kepada pedagang hendaknya selalu memperhatikan kebersihan tangan seperti selalu cuci tangan pakai sabun setiap kontak dengan makanan, menggunakan alat bantu untk mengambil bahan makanan, tidak ada luka yang terbuka dan tidak memakai perhiasan (cincin).

Kata Kunci     : Makanan jajanan; Angka Kuman
PENGARUH FLUSHING NACL 0,9% TERHADAP KEJADIAN FLEBITIS PADA PASIEN YANG TERPASANG KATETER INTRAVENA PERIFER
Authors: Aminah Siti
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Kejadian flebitis menjadi indikator mutu pelayanan minimal rumah sakit dengan standar kejadian < 1,5%. Kejadian flebitis ini bila tidak segera ditangani dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi lebih serius yaitu Infeksi Aliran Darah Primer (IADP) yang berakibat fatal karena bisa menyebabkan sepsis atau kematian. Kejadian flebitis dapat dicegah dengan cara mematuhi standar prosedur tindakan keperawatan salah satunya adalahflushing NaCl 0,9%.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh flushing NaCl 0,9% terhadap kejadian flebitis pada pasien yang terpasang kateter intravena perifer. Metode: Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain non randomize control group pretest posttest design. Penelitian dilakukan di Ruang Zam-zam RSUD Al Ihsan. Sampel penelitian ini pasien yang terpasang kateter intravena perifer berjumlah 46 responden yang terdiri dari 23 responden kelompok intervensi dan 23 responden kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran flebitis menggunakan format survellans PPI. Hasil: Hasil uji Man Whitney diperoleh Pvalue=0,001 <α (0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kejadian plebitis pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh flushing Nacl 0,9% terhadap kejadian flebitis. Oleh karena itu disarankan untuk menetapkan standar prosedur operasional flushing dalam upaya pencegahan kejadian flebitis.
Pengujian Toksisitas Akut Pada Obat Bahan Alam
Authors: Reubun Yonathan Tri Atmodjo
Published: February 2021

Uji toksisitas perlu dilakukan pada suatu produk obat  yang akan dipasarkan. Uji awal (screening test) ini sangat penting secara farmakologi dan toksikologi karena akan digunakan untuk pertimbangan penentuan dosis, rentang waktu pemberian dan aplikasinya. Jamu merupakan sediaan obat tradisional yang sampai saat ini penggunaannya masih dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Metode pengujian toksisitas yang dipilih berdasarkan pedoman Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Metode ini merupakan metode standar yang diakui oleh banyak negara. Eropa yang merupakan anggota dari OECD. Kelebihan utama metode ini adalah sedikitnya penggunaan hewan pengerat serta waktu ujinya yang relatif cepat dengan berprinsip pada 3R. Pada review jurnal didapatkan beberapa hasil LD50 pada berbagai tanaman yaitu 0,2g/kg BB, 2g/kg BB, 3,91 g/kgBB, 3,91 g/kgBB, 4.9g/kgBB, 5g/kg BB, 16g/kg BB, dan 22,41 g/kg BB. Kesimpulan dari pengujian ini adalah nilai dosis toksik jamu adalah > 50-300 mg/kg bb seperti disebutkan dalam Annex 2c: OECD/OCE.
SINDROME DE RAPUNZEL: UN CASO INFRECUENTE EN TIEMPOS DE COVID
Authors: Ruiz Palomares Ulises Lionel , Anaya Ureña David
Published: February 2021

Se presenta el caso clínico de una perforación gástrica producida por un tricobezoar, en una paciente mujer de 14 años, que acude al Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Ramiro Priale Priale EsSalud Huancayo (HNRPP) en mayo del 2020 por dolor abdominal irradiado a hombros, intolerancia oral y no realizar deposiciones por 72 horas. Los tricobezoares a menudo se asocian con enfermedades psiquiátricas como la tricotilomanía y la tricofagia, generalmente ocurre en mujeres adolescentes jóvenes. El tricobezoar gástrico (GT) es la variedad más común
de bezoar que se encuentra en el estómago. Reportamos un caso de un tricobezoar muy grande que ocupa la mayor parte del estómago y se resume las publicaciones que tratan sobre la etiología del tricobezoar, las dificultades diagnósticas y su manejo.
Kalbos planavimo ir kalbos politikos terminai
Authors: Valotka Audrius
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje aptariami terminai kalbos politika ir kalbos planavimas. Apžvelgiama šių terminų vartojimo istorija, konstatuojama pastaruosius keliasdešimt metų trunkanti jų painiava tiek užsienio mokslinėje literatūroje (daugiausia anglų kalba), tiek ir Lietuvoje. Aptariami dabartinės vartosenos trūkumai, pateikiami argumentai, kaip abu terminus atskirti ir vartoti.
Artūro Zuoko vieta Lietuvos politinės konkurencijos lauke: sociologinė analizė
Authors: Jastramskis Mažvydas
Published: February 2021

Lietuvos viešojoje erdvėje dažnai diskutuojama apie rinkėjų elgesį, tačiau konkrečių partijų ar tuo labiau politikų elektoratams skirtų akademinių straipsnių, kuriuose būtų taikoma kiekybinė analizė, trūksta. 2015 m. kovo mėn. vykusių pirmųjų tiesioginių mero rinkimų ir buvusio ilgamečio Vilniaus mero Artūro Zuoko pralaimėjimo kontekstas suteikia puikią progą išanalizuoti šio politiko socialinę paramos bazę. Pagal tris skirtingus (potencialaus) elektorato analizės lygmenis (objektyvų individo, subjektyvų individo, balsavimo rezultatų teritorinėse rinkimų apylinkėse), analizuojant reprezentatyvius duomenis ir pritaikant statistinius metodus, straipsnyje siekiama nustatyti politiko A. Zuoko vietą nacionalinės politinės konkurencijos lauke. Analizė leidžia daryti išvadą, kad buvusio Vilniaus mero sociologinis profilis yra centro dešinysis, artimas liberalams ir konservatoriams.
The Implementation of Image Media in Overcoming the Difficulty Learning to Read Grade 1 Students of MI Nurussyifa Timbanuh Kec. Pringgasela
Authors: Wawanmulyadi Purnama
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine how image media can overcome the difficulties of learning to read in grade 1 MI Nurussyifa 'Timbanuh, Pringgasela District, East Lombok. The variables that are the target of change in this study are overcoming the difficulties of learning to read in grade 1 students of MI Nurussyifa' Timbanuh, while the variables The action or treatment used is image media. This study is a qualitative research taking the background of class 1 MI Nurussyifa 'Timbanuh, Pengambangan Village, Pringgasela District. This research was conducted by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate: the Indonesian language learning process in Initially, MI Nurussyifa 'Timbanuh was still conventional, students learned to read through imitating sounds pronounced by the teacher so that students experienced reading difficulties. This is overcome through learning assisted with image media, because image media is more concrete about the teaching material received by students. With the implementation of image media, the difficulty of learning to read students of MI Nurussyifa 'Timbanuh can be resolved, as evidenced by the results of observations of student enthusiasm are increasingly visible, interviews with the principal and grade 1 teachers state that image media is very helpful in overcoming students' learning difficulties and appears in the documentation of research results that researchers have done
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI ECLECTIC METHOD TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Salbiah
Published: February 2021

Sering ditemukannya keluhan beberapa siswa mengenai kesulitan dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab baik dalam keterampiran mendengar (مَهَارَةُ الْإِسْتِمَاعِ), keterampilan berbicara (مَهَارَةُ الْكَلَامِ), keterampilan membaca (مَهَارَةُ الْقِرَاءَةِ), dan keterampilan menulis (مَهَارَةُ الْكِتَابَةِ)Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh implementasi Eclectic Method (طَرِيْقَةُ الْاِنْتِقَائِيَةِ) terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab siswa. Hasil dari  penyelesaian uji t pre-test dan post-test one group desaign di atas menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttabel dengan taraf signifikan 5 % atau 0,05, yaitu 8,46 > 2,064. Maka dengan hasil tersebut dapat peneliti simpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara implementasi Eclectic method terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab siswa.
Ibadah dan Keadilan-Kebenaran (Amos 5:21-24)
Authors: Samongilailai Aseng
Published: February 2021

Topik yang dibicarakan dalam tulisan ini adalah tentang ibadah dan keadilan-kebenaran yang termuat dalam Amos 5:21-24. Ada pandangan yang mengatakan bahwa kecaman Tuhan dalam teks tersebut merupakan kecaman terhadap ibadah itu sendiri. Benarkah demikian? Selain itu, terdapat perdebatan soal pemaknaan terhadap keadilan dan kebenaran. Ada pandangan yang mengatakan bahwa keadilan dan kebenaran dalam teks tersebut bukan dimaksudkan sebagai anjuran maupun desakan terhadap Israel untuk dipraktikkan dalam ranah kehidupan bersama, melainkan memaksudkan kedatangan keadilan dan kebenaran dari Tuhan. Topik dan permasalahan di atas akan diulas dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis kritis untuk mengungkapkan makna dari kecaman Tuhan terhadap ibadahdan keadilan-kebenaran yang dianggap hanya dari sisi Tuhan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa Tuhan tidaklah membenci ibadah sendiri, dan bahwa keadilan-kebenaran dimaksudkan sebagai ajakan untuk dipraktikkan oleh orang-orang Israel.
Tinjauan Manusia sebagai Gambar Allah Terhadap Kasus Human Trafficking di Indonesia
Authors: Uling Manintiro
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas fenomena human trafficking yang marak terjadi di Indonesia yang ditinjau dari konsep manusia sebagai “gambar Allah” dalam antropologi Kristen. Adapun riset yang dilakukan adalah analisis literatur. Hasilnya adalah human trafficking bertentangan dengan ajaran Krsiten yang memandang bahwa manusia diciptakan menurut gambar Allah.
Mencermati Teologi Reformed dan Gerakan Reformed Injili
Authors: Hadi P. Sahardjo
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan doktrin dan Teologi Reformed yang sudah berlangsung lebih dari lima abad, telah menjadi sebuah tonggak sejarah dalam sejarah gereja dan kekristenan. Harus diakui bahwa Gerakan Reformasi telah menjadi bukti bahwa Tuhan masih memakai orang-orang yang dipilih-Nya untuk meluruskan pengajaran dan doktrin-doktrin yang sudah diselewengkan oleh gereja pada saat itu. Nama-nama seperti: Martin Luther, Phillip Melanchthon, Ulrich Zwingli, Johannes Calvin, dan lain-lain  tercatat sebagai reformator dalam tradisi Calvinis. Tuhan berkarya, tetapi manusia terpilih telah dijadikan sebagai penegak kebenaran firman yang harus dikumandangkan.
Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: An Jingyu , Huang Yiwei , Huang Cheng , Wang Xin , Yan Rusha , Wang Qian , Wang Hongli , Jing Sheng'ao , Zhang Yan , Liu Yiming , Chen Yuan , Xu Chang , Qiao Liping , Zhou Min , Zhu Shuhui , Hu Qingyao , Lu Jun , Chen Changhong
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A high-resolution air pollutant emission inventory for
the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for 2017 using emission
factors and chemical speciation based mainly on local measurements in this
study. The inventory included 424 non-methane volatile organic compounds
(NMVOCs) and 43 fine particulate matter (PM2.5) species from 259
specific sources. The total emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs,
PM10, PM2.5, and NH3 in the YRD region in 2017 were 1552,
3235, 38 507, 4875, 3770, 1597, and 2467 Gg, respectively. SO2 and
CO emissions were mainly from boilers, accounting for 49 % and 73 % of
the total. Mobile sources dominated NOx emissions, contributing 57 % of the total. NMVOC emissions, mainly from industrial sources, made up
61 % of the total. Dust sources accounted for 55 % and 28 % of
PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Agricultural sources
accounted for 91 % of NH3 emissions. Major PM2.5 species were
OC, Ca, Si, PSO4, and EC, accounting for 9.0 %, 7.0 %, 6.4 %,
4.6 %, and 4.3 % of total PM2.5 emissions, respectively. The main
species of NMVOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons, making up 25.3 % of the
total. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) contributed 21.9 % of
the total NMVOC emissions. Toluene had the highest comprehensive
contribution to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
formation potentials, while other NMVOCs included 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene,
m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Industrial process
and solvent-use sources were the main sources of O3 and SOA formation
potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among industrial sources, chemical
manufacturing, rubber and plastic manufacturing, appliance manufacturing,
and textiles made significant contributions. This emission inventory should
provide scientific guidance for future control of air pollutants in the YRD
region of China.
One year of attenuation data from a commercial dual-polarized
duplex microwave link with concurrent disdrometer, rain gauge and
weather observations
Authors: Špačková Anna , Bareš Vojtěch , Fencl Martin , Schleiss Marc , Jaffrain Joël , Berne Alexis , Rieckermann Jörg
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Commercial microwave links (CML) in telecommunication networks can provide relevant information for remote sensing of precipitation and other environmental variables, such as path-averaged drop size distribution, evaporation or humidity. To address this issue, the CoMMon field experiment (COmmercial Microwave links for urban rainfall MONitoring) monitored a 38-GHz dual-polarized CML of 1.85 km at a high temporal resolution (4 s), as well as a collocated array of five disdrometers and three rain gauges over one year. The dataset is complemented with observations from five nearby weather stations. Raw and pre-processed data, which can be explored effortlessly with a custom static HTML viewer, are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4524632 (Špačková et al., 2020). The data quality is generally satisfactory and potentially problematic measurements are flagged to help the analyst identify relevant periods for specific study purposes. Finally, we encourage potential applications and discuss open issues regarding future remote sensing with CMLs.
Global ground strike point characteristics in negative downward
lightning flashes – part 1: Observations
Authors: Poelman Dieter R. , Schulz Wolfgang , Pedeboy Stephane , Hill Dustin , Saba Marcelo , Hunt Hugh , Schwalt Lukas , Vergeiner Christian , Mata Carlos , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Lightning properties of a total of 1174 negative downward lightning flashes are analyzed. The high-speed video recordings are taken in different regions around the world, including Austria, Brazil, South Africa and USA, and are analyzed in terms of flash multiplicity, duration, interstroke intervals and ground strike point (GSP) properties. Although the results vary among the data sets, the analysis reveals that a third of the flashes are single-stroke events, while the overall mean number of strokes per flash equals 3.67. From the video imagery an average of 1.56 GSPs per flash is derived, with about 60 % of the multiple stroke flashes striking ground in more than one place. It follows that the channel creating a GSP is re-used by a factor of 2.3. Multiple-stroke flashes last on average 371 ms, whereas the geometric mean (GM) interstroke interval value preceding strokes producing a new GSP is about 18 % greater than the GM value preceding subsequent strokes following a pre-existing channel. In addition, a positive correlation between the duration and multiplicity of the flash is presented. The characteristics of the subset of flashes exhibiting multiple GSPs is further examined. It follows that strokes with stroke order of two create a new GSP in 60 % of the cases, while this percentage quickly drops for higher order strokes. Further, the possibility to form a new channel to ground in terms of the number of strokes that conditioned the previous channel shows that approximately 88 % developed after the occurrence of only one stroke. Investigating the time intervals in the other 12 % of the cases when two or more strokes re-used the previous channel showed that the average interstroke time interval preceding a new channel is found to be more than twice the time difference between strokes that follow the previous channel.
New insights into the drainage of inundated ice-wedge polygons
using fundamental hydrologic principles
Authors: Harp Dylan R. , Zlotnik Vitaly , Abolt Charles J. , Newman Brent D. , Atchley Adam L. , Jafarov Elchin , Wilson Cathy J.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The pathways and timing of drainage from inundated ice-wedge polygon centers in a warming climate have important implications for carbon flushing, advective heat transport, and transitions from carbon dioxide to methane dominated emissions. This research provides intuition on this process by presenting the first in-depth analysis of drainage from a single polygon based on fundamental hydrogeological principles. We use a recently developed analytical solution to provide a baseline for the effects of polygon aspect ratios (radius to thawed depth) and hydraulic conductivity anisotropy (horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity) on drainage pathways and temporal depletion of ponded water heights of inundated ice-wedge polygon centers. By varying the polygon aspect ratio, we evaluate the effect of polygon size (width), inter-annual increases in active layer thickness, and seasonal increases in thaw depth on drainage. One of the primary insights from the model is that most inundated ice-wedge polygon drainage occurs along an annular region of the polygon center near the rims. This implies that inundated polygons are most intensely flushed by drainage in an annular region along their horizontal periphery, with implications for transport of nutrients (such as dissolved organic carbon) and advection of heat towards ice wedge tops. The model indicates that polygons with large aspect ratios and high anisotropy will have the most distributed drainage. Polygons with large aspect ratio and low anisotropy will have their drainage most focused near the their periphery and will drain most slowly. Polygons with small aspect ratio and high anisotropy will drain most quickly. Our results, based on idealized scenarios, provide a baseline for further research considering geometric and hydraulic complexities of ice-wedge polygons.
Corporate governance mechanism as income smoothing suppressor
Authors: Kuston Alwan Sri
Published: February 2021

Income smoothing is an act of accounting engineering by exploiting gaps in accounting standards. This study aims to determine the motives for income-shifting management. Based on agency theory, this study tested three hypotheses on two income-smoothing objects: operating income and net income. This research is a quantitative study with data in Indonesian public manufacturing companies’ financial statements dated December 31, 2009 - 2018 obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory. Hypothesis testing uses a binary logistic regression approach. The practice of income smoothing exists in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Management shift income with object engineering is gross profit by 30.2% and net income by 21.7%. Hypothesis testing confirms that the commissionaire board size is not a mechanism of supervision effectiveness. The independent commissioners’ size was able to suppress income smoothing in manufacturing companies. Audit tenure has a negative effect on income smoothing. The audit period is directly proportional to the auditor’s ability to limit income smoothing. These results contribute to the formulation of policies, especially in improving the quality of corporate governance. Even the public and investors can understand the indications of income smoothing practices. New evidence suggests that income smoothing is less likely to be desired by corporate governance mechanisms. The motive for income smoothing is considered opportunistic. Audit tenure improves the quality of oversight of accounting engineering actions, contrary to the previous opinion that tenure reduces auditor independence.
The perceptions of loan officers and auditors of factors affecting auditor independence: Evidence from Palestine
Authors: Aqel Saher
Published: February 2021

The study investigates the perceptions of external auditors and loan officers regarding external auditor's independence in Palestine. Data were gathered using a questionnaire developed by the author and include 5 main issues related to the perception of external auditor’s independence. The sampling population identified for this study consists of external auditors working in domestic and international audit firms and financial statement users mainly loan officers in Palestine. The sample included 79 auditors and 76 loan officers. The findings revealed that there are significant differences in the perceptions of external auditors and loan officers in relation to provision of non-audit services, auditor’s economic dependence on a single audit client, and long relationship between an auditor and a client. The results revealed mixed results about the effect of presence of active audit committee on independence of the external auditors. Furthermore, acceptance of significant gifts from the client was considered an important factor that may influence auditor independence by loan officers and external auditor and thus significant differences between the two respondent groups were found in relation to acceptance of significant gifts from the client. These findings can be useful to policy makers and professional auditing bodies in Palestine on setting new regulations or strengthening existing ones to enforce auditor’s independence in Palestine.
Factors affecting the use of generalized audit software in audit process in Indonesia
Authors: Kartikasary Metya , Laurens Sebastianus , Sitinjak Martogi
Published: February 2021

The financial world has grown significantly in the last five years, where insurance companies, finance companies, lending and borrowing between page users will increasingly grow along with technological developments. This should be an important concern for auditors because of the increasing number of transactions in digital and cyberspace, the audit methods or procedures must keep abreast of the times. This study hypothesizes the function of technology can help the performance of the auditor. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to auditors who work at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP). The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study will be presented after the data collection process is complete.
The importance of implementing the responsibility accounting features in Jordanian public companies in limiting the occupational fraud from the point of view of internal auditors and external auditors
Authors: Hanini Eman Ahmad Al
Published: February 2021

This paper was conducted to determine the importance of applying the features of responsibility accounting in Jordanian shareholding companies in limiting occupational fraud from the point of view of internal auditors and external auditors. It focuses on comparing their opinions and attitudes towards this issue. The study used a questionnaire that was designed and distributed to a random sample of 98 internal auditors who were shareholders of the firms and 93 external auditors who audited the accounts of the companies. The data collection tool included paragraphs about the seven features of responsibility accounting represented like dividing the organizational structure of the company into responsibility centers, and the existence of a system of delegation to the managers of responsibility centers with their powers in the shareholding. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS statistical package. It was found that there is a role to adopt and apply all the features of responsibility accounting in Jordanian shareholding companies from the point of view of both internal and external auditors in limiting occupational fraud. The study recommended the adoption of an accounting system in companies that are in line with responsibility accounting given their role in limiting occupational fraud. The study also sheds light on the importance of external auditors giving attention to reviewing and evaluating the organizational environment and administrative procedures in the company to ensure that they are consistent with integrity and honesty.
Earnings quality before and after the implementation of PSAK 69
Authors: Noviari Naniek , Damayanthi I Gusti Ayu Eka , Suaryana I Gusti Ngurah Agung
Published: February 2021

PSAK 69 Agriculture regulates the accounting treatment of agricultural activities in Indonesia. The measurement of biological assets is the most important part of the arrangement of PSAK 69. PSAK 69 deals with biological assets measured at fair value less costs to sell at the beginning and end of the reporting period. Characteristics of growing biological assets will have an impact on the growth in fair value of assets, so there will be differences in fair value at the beginning and end of the financial reporting period. The difference in fair value of biological assets, whether realized or not, is recognized as gain in the current period. This will have an impact on the quality of the company's earnings. This study aims to examine differences in earnings quality before and after the implementation of PSAK 69 in agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research was conducted on 14 agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2016-2019 observation period. Earnings quality is measured by the earnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficients are estimated using the firm specific coefficient model (FSCM) and pooled cross-sectional regression model (CSRM) methods. This study measures the quality of earnings before and after the application of PSAK 69. The quality of earnings before and after the application of PSAK 69 is tested by a paired two-sample t-test. The results of this study found no difference in earnings quality before and after the application of PSAK 69.
The determinants of lending interest rates of Jordanian listed commercial banks
Authors: Al-Qudah Ali Mustafa
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to examine the determinants of lending interest rates of 13 Jordanian commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2018. The factors include liquidity, profitability (ROA), bank size, operating cost ratio, deposit interest rate and inflation rate. The fixed effects model was performed as suggested by Hausman test. The results of the fixed effects model show that ROA and bank size had negative significant impacts on lending interest rates. Liquidity had a negative insignificant impact. The results also show that deposit interest rate and inflation had a positive significant impact on lending interest rate of Jordanian commercial banks. Operating cost ratio also had a positive insignificant impact. Thus, the results indicate that ROA, bank size, deposit interest rate and inflation were good determinants of the lending interest rates of Jordanian listed commercial banks. The study suggests that banks should use profitability and the size of the bank as tools to reduce the lending interest rate, as it is one of the factors that can cause a further decrease in the lending interest rates.
Driving (and) Attention – Does Directional Illumination Support Driver’s System
Supervision When Driving Automatically?
Authors: Van den Beukel Arie P. , Van der Voort Mascha C.
Published: February 2021

Partially automated driving changes the driving task into supervising the
automation with occasionally a necessity to intervene. Due to this changing role,
drivers of partially automated vehicles have need for interfaces that help them to
supervise system operation, support detection of relevant events, as well as provide
cues about system’s intentions. This study assessed to what extent directional
illumination supports drivers in gaining mode awareness, i.e. in perceiving and
understanding what the automation does and whether counter actions are necessary. An
internet survey with video-clips of directional illumination within circumstances
representative for partially automated driving measured respondents’ understanding of
automation-mode and their understanding of required action. Measurements were compared
with results from a base-concept, which provided cues for automation mode, but without
directional illumination. Results showed that directional illumination raised perception
and understanding of automation-mode noticeable when attention was requested for hazards
located in the driver’s side-views. Compared to the base-concept,
directional-illumination did not improve driver’s understanding of required actions.
Development of explanatory instructions was recommended especially for events when
changing road-situations interplayed with behaviour of other road-users. To attract
attention to situations outside the vehicle, directional illumination was perceived
significantly more suitable than the base-concept. The results of this study contribute
to further development of directional illumination as a supporting interface while
supervising partially automated driving.
OS EFEITOS DE SENTIDOS PRODUZIDOS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE CONVERGÊNCIA DAS REGRAS CONTÁBEIS BRASILEIRAS AOS PADRÕES INTERNACIONAIS: UMA REFLEXÃO SOB A ÓTICA DA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO
Authors: Durigon Almir Rodrigues , Coan Fernanda Josende , Ott Ernani , Diehl Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é estudar os efeitos de sentidos produzidos sobre o processo de convergência das regras contábeis brasileiras aos padrões internacionais. O dispositivo teórico-analítico está filiado à Análise do Discurso de linha francesa proposta por Michel Pêcheux, com o objetivo de propor um deslocamento na compreensão do discurso institucional do Estado, a fim de fugir das evidências da interpretação, isto é, compreender não o que o texto diz, mas os sentidos que este produz. O corpus discursivo utilizado para a análise foi construído a partir do Projeto de Lei no 121/2007 que deu origem a promulgação da Lei no 11.638/2007. No interior dessa reflexão, o estudo conclui que a inscrição ideológica da convergência produz sentidos que instauram uma certeza de segurança e estabilidade, mas que, de outro modo, faz significar o controle, a adaptação, estar em conformidade, visto que convergir apresenta uma carga semântica ligada ao sentido de estar junto, efeito da ideologia.
ÍNDICE DE SENTIMENTO DO INVESTIDOR NO MERCADO DE AÇÕES BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nogueira Bruna Thaísa Braga , Avelino Bruna Camargos , Colares Ana Carolina Vasconcelos , Reis Daniel Eustáquio Assis dos
Published: February 2021

Na teoria clássica de finanças, assume-se que os efeitos das decisões de agentes não racionais são rapidamente eliminados pela atividade de agentes racionais, impedindo a persistência de desvios injustificados nos preços das ações. Nessa abordagem, o sentimento do investidor não é considerado um fator relevante. Em contrapartida, as finanças comportamentais sugerem que a influência de vieses cognitivos sobre os agentes geram padrões significativos no mercado e não explicados pelos fundamentos. Desse modo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi construir um índice de sentimento do investidor para o mercado brasileiro, no período de 2008 a 2017. A amostra foi composta por 150 empresas não-financeiras com ações negociadas na B3 e que atenderam a um critério mínimo de liquidez em bolsa. A técnica estatística utilizada foi a Análise de Componentes Principais, selecionando-se cinco proxies já empregadas em estudos anteriores: turnover das ações, quantidade de IPOs, percentual de ações nas novas emissões, prêmio de dividendos e proporção de baixas e altas. A evolução do índice de sentimento construído mostrou-se condizente com os momentos econômicos no país, embora as variáveis turnover e proporção de baixas e altas tenham apresentado sinal diferente do esperado. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma análise de correlação entre o índice de sentimento e o Ibovespa. Constatou-se uma correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre as duas variáveis, indicando que altos (baixos) níveis de sentimento são parcialmente acompanhados de tendências de subida (queda) no Ibovespa.
O impacto da relação vendas-operação sobre o nível de serviço: pesquisa-ação sobre o transporte de carga aérea
Authors: Souza Felipe Liberato , Torres Júnior Alvair Silveira
Published: February 2021

A expectativa que clientes de cargas têm com relação a prazo, segurança, informação e integridade no transporte, faz com que haja grande impacto da interação vendas-operação em rentabilidade. Um dos desafios que companhias aéreas enfrentam no transporte de cargas é o controle sobre as vendas e a capacidade que ofertam. Este trabalho, baseado num método de pesquisa-ação realizada na rota São Paulo-Fortaleza e precedida por revisão sistemática da literatura, tem como objetivo propor considerações nos processos de interface vendas-operação que impactam no nível de serviço de companhias aéreas mistas. Os principais resultados evidenciaram 7 indicadores a ser considerados e destacaram problemas no processo decisório. Como conclusão destaca-se os impactos da tomada da decisão na capacidade operacional.
Folha de Rosto e Segunda Capa (1-3)
Authors: Klein Luciana
Published: February 2021

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Instruções aos Autores (167-179)
Authors: Klein Luciana
Published: February 2021

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The role of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma treatment
Authors: Zduńska Magdalena , Ziółkowska Sylwia , Rość Danuta
Published: February 2021

Angiogenesis is an important biological process of the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. It occurs throughout life
in health and disease, beginning in the prenatal stage and continuing through old age. Angiogenesis is regulated, by both activator
and inhibitor molecules. Physiological angiogenesis is under the control of angioinhibitory molecules. Unregulated angiogenesis may
lead to several angiogenic diseases and is thought to be indispensable for solid tumor growth and metastasis. Multiple myeloma is an
incurable disease characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation and overproduction of monoclonal paraprotein, hypercalcemia, renal
failure, anemia, osteolytic bone lesions, and infections. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the biology of multiple myeloma and has
a prognostic value in this disease. The pathophysiology of multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis involves both direct production of
angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells and their induction within the bone marrow microenvironment cells. Multiple myeloma has been
the most intractable hematological disease for many years. Recently, basic and clinical research has advanced remarkably and a new
therapeutic strategy has been established. Despite unusual progress in the therapy of multiple myeloma none of the available drugs are
curative. Present clinical research focuses on the balance between treatment efficacy and quality of life. In this review, we summarize
recent data about myeloma-induces angiogenesis, the mechanism involved in this process, and the treatment of multiple myeloma.