bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kontribusi Guru dalam Menerapkan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Dan Kreativitas Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Berbasis Project di MAN 1 Banjarmasin
Authors: Yanti Imbar Desi Mutri , Putro Herry Porda Nugroho , Sriwati Sriwati
Published: April 2024

History learning in the 21st century emphasizes the importance of students having the knowledge and skills that lead to the creation of a smart and competent generation. Presenting history learning that is able to make students the center of learning, actively involved and having skills is a big responsibility for teachers. History teachers must be able to provide variations of learning in the classroom in order to explore students' knowledge and skills to achieve learning objectives. The project-based history learning model is one of the learning strategies that can be chosen by the teacher. Through this learning model, students can act actively and creatively in producing learning products. So the purpose of this research is to analyze the teacher's contribution in applying students' collaboration and creativity skills in project-based history learning. This research was conducted at MAN 1 Banjarmasin. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through observation and interviews with history teachers and students of XI IPS 1 MAN 1 Banjarmasin. The results of this study are the use of project-based history learning models can encourage students to have the skills to work together in teams and think creatively in order to produce a product. The teacher's contribution is very important in the implementation of project-based history learning, namely the teacher is involved as a facilitator, mentor, director and assessor. The success of teachers in applying this history learning model can also be seen from the achievement of several indicators of collaboration skills and creativity that students have when working on a given project.
The Effect of Remote Work on Employee Performance
Authors: Chmeis Suzanne T. Jamaleddine , Zeine Hala M.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is the effect of remote work on the employee performance. Due to the technology and the rapid increase of globalization working online is one of the growing features happened. Multi-research questions were applied, but the main The questions are: What is the effect of remote work on the performance of an employee?, What are the challenges that face remote working?. The speed work of technology has resulted challenges and advantages of remote work. A sample of 150 employee selected by a random sampling method with different age and positions. The questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS V.26. The findings resulted that Remote work didn’t have related with Challenges, they are not related and correlated. When Remote work increase then Motivation increases too, they are related and correlated. When Remote work increase then Performance increases too, they are related and correlated.
Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles at the Interphase Boundary of Quartz–Selenide Copper and Iron at a Temperature of 450 °C and Different Selenium Activity
Authors: Akimov V.V. , Babkin D.N. , Belozerova O.Yu.
Published: April 2024

—In this work, based on structural and phase analysis data, we consider the behavior of Au nanoparticles (NP) during the formation of interphase boundaries between quartz and copper and iron selenides upon annealing at 450 °C and different selenium activities: lgfSe2=−2.4 with a melted selenium buffer and lgfSe2=−3.15 according to the indications of the indicator mineral mixture γ–Fe1–xSe and δ–Fe1–xSe. In two series of experiments, contrasting textural features (nano- and microstates) of the initial metal phases were used, which made it possible to construct 2D and 3D models of interphase boundaries. In the first case, thin layers of gold NPs (~30 nm thick), iron (~50 nm thick), and copper (~50 nm thick) were deposited onto quartz crystals less than 40 μm in size by magnetron sputtering, i.e., all metals were in a nanosized state. In the second case, iron, copper, and selenium (in eskebornite stoichiometry – CuFeSe2) were introduced into the system in the form of micron-sized powder materials (1–10 microns). Gold still remained in the form of NPs on the quartz surface. The thermal annealing products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The study showed that, regardless of the activity of selenium, annealing of Au NPs leads to partial enlargement of particles (up to submicron sizes) based on the self-assembly mechanism (the size distribution of Au particles corresponds to a lognormal law with a maximum shifted towards smaller sizes), and gold remains in the metallic state. The 2D model of the interphase boundary is a mineral mixture of copper selenides (Cu2Se), iron (γ–Fe1–xSe) and islands of submicron gold particles formed on the surface of quartz. The 3D model of the interphase boundary is characterized by the fact that Au particles are concentrated mainly in eskebornite, and not on the quartz surface. Moreover, NPs are localized in the pores of mesoporous eskebornite, and submicron particles with a size of ~ 200 nm or more are displaced to the surface of eskebornite particles. Based on the data obtained, typomorphic features of the presence of Au NPs in the ore-forming processes of the formation and development of gold ore deposits are formulated.
Far-red and sensitive sensor for monitoring real time H2O2 dynamics with subcellular resolution and in multi-parametric imaging applications.
Authors: Berndt Andre , Lee Justin , Nguyen Amanda , Jin Zheyu , Moghadasi Aida , Gibbs Chelsea , Wait Sarah , Evitts Kira , Asencio Anthony , Bremner Samantha , Zuniga Shani , Chavan Vedant , Williams Andy , Smith Annette , Moussavi-Harami Farid , Regnier Michael , Young Jessica , Mack David , Nance Elizabeth , Boyle Patrick
Published: April 2024

H2O2 is a key oxidant in mammalian biology and a pleiotropic signaling molecule at the physiological level, and its excessive accumulation in conjunction with decreased cellular reduction capacity is often found to be a common pathological marker. Here, we present a red fluorescent Genetically Encoded H2O2 Indicator (GEHI) allowing versatile optogenetic dissection of redox biology. Our new GEHI, oROS-HT, is a chemigenetic sensor utilizing a HaloTag and Janelia Fluor (JF) rhodamine dye as fluorescent reporters. We developed oROS-HT through a structure-guided approach aided by classic protein structures and recent protein structure prediction tools. Optimized with JF635, oROS-HT is a sensor with 635 nm excitation and 650 nm emission peaks, allowing it to retain its brightness while monitoring intracellular H2O2 dynamics. Furthermore, it enables multi-color imaging in combination with blue-green fluorescent sensors for orthogonal analytes and low auto-fluorescence interference in biological tissues. Other advantages of oROS-HT over alternative GEHIs are its fast kinetics, oxygen-independent maturation, low pH sensitivity, lack of photo-artifact, and lack of intracellular aggregation. Here, we demonstrated efficient subcellular targeting and how oROS-HT can map inter and intracellular H2O2 diffusion at subcellular resolution. Lastly, we used oROS-HT with other green fluorescence reporters to investigate the transient effect of the anti-inflammatory agent auranofin on cellular redox physiology and calcium levels via multi-parametric, dual-color imaging.
What do we study when studying politics anddemocracy?A thematic analysis of how politics and democracy aretreated in SIGCHI conference papers
Authors: Nelimarkka Matti , Vuorenmaa Ville
Published: April 2024

Human–computer interaction scholars are increasingly touching on topics relatedto politics or democracy. As these concepts are ambiguous, an examination ofconcepts’ invoked meanings aids in the self-reflection of our research efforts. Weconduct a thematic analysis of all papers with the word ‘politics’ in abstract,title or keywords (n=378) and likewise 152 papers with the word ‘democracy.’We observe that these words are increasingly being used in human-computerinteraction, both in absolute and relative terms. At the same time, we show thatresearchers invoke these words with diverse levels of analysis in mind: the earlyresearch focused on mezzo-level (i.e., small groups), but more recently the workhas begun to include macro-level analysis (i.e., society and politics as played inthe public sphere). After the increasing focus on the macro-level, we see a tran-sition towards more normative and activist research, in some areas it replacesobservational and empirical research. These differences indicate semantic differ-ences, which – in the worst case – may limit scientific progress. We bring thesedifferences visible to help in further exchanges of ideas and human–computerinteraction community to explore how it orients itself to politics and democracy.
Study of fluid turbulence characteristics and structural evolution in a reciprocating mixing tank
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Shibo , Zhai Yuling , Xu Jianxin , xiao qingtai
Published: April 2024

Reciprocating mixing is a novel mixing technique designed to enhance mixing efficiency. In this method, the mixing paddle moves back and forth along the axial direction periodically, unlike conventional mixing methods. The mixing efficiency of reciprocating stirring can be significantly enhanced compared to conventional stirring. In this thesis, the flow field characteristics and numerical simulation of the Rushton pulp reciprocating mixing tank are analyzed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with VOF and UDF function control. It has been found that reciprocating mixing increases the overall speed of the fluid by about 8%, the turbulent kinetic energy by 35%-45%, and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate by 10%-16% compared with conventional mixing. Reciprocating mixing significantly affects the tank basin, enhancing the axial flow of the fluid in the tank, disrupting the circulating structure of conventional agitation, and dynamically integrating the multiple flow regions of conventional agitation to improve mixing homogeneity. Additionally, the evolution process of vortex generation, development, and extinction by reciprocal stirring is quantitatively analyzed to determine the optimal size of paddle discs under different conditions. The maximum values of turbulent kinetic energy in the two stirring modes are FS-4/12D and RS-5/12D, respectively. The reason for the abrupt decrease of turbulent kinetic energy in RS-4/12D is explained as follows: The uncaused quadratic flow variance indicates that the reduction of the tail vortex size can effectively destroy the reflux zone, thus reducing the energy consumption at the tail vortex and allowing more energy to be used for fluid mixing. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis and reference data for the engineering application of reciprocating mixing.
Does abusive supervision increase employees’ helping behavior? An exploration of mediating and moderating mechanisms
Authors: Nasab Roghayeh Hekmat , biuki Nahid Amrollahi , Sharifirad Mohammad Sadegh , Ardakani Mohammad Shaker
Published: April 2024

Background: Typically, researchers believe that abusive supervision decreases employees' helping behavior. However, according to the emotional process theory of abusive supervision, subordinates show more helping behavior under certain conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of abusive supervision on employees' helping behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of self-blame and guilt as well as the moderating effects of core self-evaluation (CSE) and power distance.
Methods: In this study, the PROCESS Macro model was used to deeply investigate the proposed moderated mediation model. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed with AMOS. The employees of various private and state service-offering organizations in Yazd, Iran, were invited to participate in the study (n = 381). They were selected through simple random sampling. The data were collected with the Abusive Supervision Scale [1], State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS), Self-blame Questionnaire [3], Core Self-Evaluation Scale [4], and Power Distance Scale developed by Dorfman and Howell [5]. The scale developed by Dalal et al. [2] was also used to rate the employees’ helping behavior. The hypothesized model was analyzed according to the PROCESS Macro model.
Results: The direct association between abusive supervision and employees’ helping behavior was significantly negative. The mediation by self-blame and guilt was negative too. The relationship between abusive supervision and self-blame was positively correlated to core self-evaluation (CSE), while the association between self-blame and guilt was negatively correlated to power distance.
Conclusion: In the context of abusive supervision and its aftermath, this study introduced self-blame and guilt as two mediators that can influence subordinates’ reactions to abusive supervision. Also, for the first time, CSE was tested as a moderator between abusive supervision and self-blame. Finally, in response to previous calls for research [6,7], the moderating role of subordinates’ power distance orientation in the relationship between self-blame and guilt was investigated.
Static magnetic order with strong quantum fluctuations in spin-1/2 honeycomb magnet Na2Co2TeO6
Authors: Ma Jie , Jiao Jinlong , Li Xiyang , Lin Gaoting , Shu Mingfang , Zaharko Oksana , Shiroka Toni , Hong Tao , Kolesnikov Alexander , Deng Guochu , Dunsiger Sarah , Aronson Meigan , Zhou Haidong , Wang Xiaoqun , Shang Tian
Published: April 2024

Kitaev interactions, arising from the interplay of frustration and bond anisotropy, can lead to strong quantum fluctuations and, in an ideal case, to a quantum-spin-liquid state. However, in many nonideal materials, spurious non-Kitaev interactions typically promote a zigzag antiferromagnetic order in the d-orbital transition metal compounds. Combining neutron scattering with muon-spin rotation and relaxation techniques, we provide new insights into the exotic properties of Na2Co2TeO6, a candidate material of the Kitaev model. Below TN, the zero-field muon-spin relaxation rate becomes almost constant (at 0.45 ms-1). We attribute this temperature-independent muon-spin relaxation rate to the strong quantum fluctuations, as well as to the frustrated Kitaev interactions. As the magnetic field increases, neutron scattering data indicate a broader spin-wave-excitation at the K-point. Therefore, quantum fluctuations seem not only robust but are even enhanced by the applied magnetic field. Our findings provide valuable hints for understanding the onset of the quantum-spin-liquid state in Kitaev materials.
Contour-Assistance-Based Video Matting Localization
Authors: zhu wenyi , Ding Xiangling , Zhao Yulin , Deng Yinqian
Published: April 2024

Video matting is developed to replace the foreground object in video frames by forecasting their alpha matte, which was originally used in film special effects production, advertisement production, and live streaming. However , it can be used as a malicious tampering operation, and hence its passive forensics is especially important as the key foundation of judicial forensics. A key challenge in the current detection of video matting tampering is how to locate the complete tampered region without generating false alarms, not only that tampering detection of video needs to take into account the temporal dimension, but successive frames need to be analyzed to detect forged video regions. In this paper, a dual-branch network is constructed by integrating the object contour information to capture rich tampering traces and contour features, which are introduced by focusing on the information of the entire video sequence. In addition, a manipulation contour detection module and a feature enhancement module are integrated to identify tampering regions better. Extensive experimental results on publicly manipulated and synthetic manipulated datasets show that the proposed method can accurately locate tampered regions and outperform state-of-the-art video matting forensic methods.
Peer effects on older adults' preferences for formal long-term care in China
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Liu Jin , Maitland Elizabeth , Leng Anli , Nicholas Stephen , Wang Mengyao
Published: April 2024

Objective
To examine the impact of the peer effects on the preferences of the older-aged Chinese for formal long-term care (LTC) services.
Methods
During July-August 2022, the study conducted a randomized controlled experiment using a survey design. Respondents aged 50–70, were randomly assigned to a control group and a peer effect group, where the peer group was divided into Peer 1 not having friends and relatives receiving LTC and Peer 2 having relatives and friends receiving LTC. Data included personal socioeconomic-demographic information, LTC service needs, and willingness to accept formal LTC. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, and heterogeneity analysis.
Results
Compared to the control group, the peer effect groups showed a statistically significant increase of 20.06% in the proportion of elderly individuals opting for formal LTC. The study found that willingness to accept formal long-term care services increased with the peer effect intervention, and Peer 2, with family and friends receiving LTC, had a larger uptake of LTC than Peer 1 with no family and friends receiving LTC. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the control, Peer 1 and Peer 2 groups. In terms of peer effects interventions, older people with high incomes and unsure about their future risks of developing a chronic disease were more likely to opt for formal LTC. Heterogeneity analysis of the peer effects group revealed that sex, age, marital status, residential location, educational level, monthly income, number of children, presence of chronic diseases, and risk of chronic diseases, significantly influenced the willingness to accept LTC services within the two peer groups.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that peer effects played a critical role in shaping the preferences of older aged Chinese for formal LTC services. The study highlights the need for strategies to utilize peer influences, as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors, in policy-making and communicating strategies to enhance acceptance of LTC services among China’s older-aged population. Tailored interventions and information dissemination that leverage peer networks and address varied socioeconomic-demographic needs are crucial for effective LTC policy and service implementation.
Application of Dynamic [18F]-FDG PET/CT Multiparametric Imaging Leads to an Improved Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Lung Lesions
Authors: Zhao Yihan , Lv Tao , Xu Yue , Yin Jiankang , Wang Xin , Xue Yangyang , Zhu Gan , Yu Wenjing , Wang Hui , Li Xiaohu
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the potential of whole-body dynamic (WBD) 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT) multiparametric imaging in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lung lesions.
Procedures
We retrospectively analyzed WBD PET/CT scans from patients with lung lesions performed between April 2020 and March 2023. Multiparametric images including standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic rate (MRFDG) and distribution volume (DVFDG) were visually interpreted and compared. We adopted SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for semi-quantitative analysis, MRmax and DVmax values for quantitative analysis. We also collected the patients’ clinical characteristics. The variables above with P-value < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression. The statistically significant metrics were plotted on receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results
A total of 60 patients were included for data evaluation. We found that most malignant lesions showed high uptake on MRFDG and SUV images, and low or absent uptake on DVFDG images, while benign lesions showed low uptake on MRFDG images and high uptake on DVFDG images. Most malignant lesions showed a characteristic pattern of gradually increasing FDG uptake, whereas benign lesions presented an initial rise with rapid fall, then kept stable at a low level. The AUC values of MRmax and SUVmax are 0.874 (95% CI: 0.763–0.946) and 0.792 (95% CI: 0.667–0.886), respectively. DeLong’s test showed the difference between the areas is statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that dynamic [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging based on the Patlak analysis was a more accurate method of distinguishing malignancies from benign lesions than conventional static PET/CT scans.
First Observation of Splenic Infarction attributed to Infective Endocarditis in Pregnant Women with a History of MVR: A Case Report
Authors: Cao Benben , Shi Mingxing , Li Yang
Published: April 2024

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease that occurs during pregnancy. The incidence of embolic complications associated with IE is high, reaching up to 50%, with spleen being the most commonly affected organ at 32.8%. Despite this, there is a significant global lack of reports on splenic infarction (SI) resulting from IE during pregnancy.
Case presentation: A 33-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital at 29 3/7 weeks' gestation, presenting with symptoms of hyperpyrexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. She had undergone mechanical MVR due to rheumatic heart disease and had been on warfarin therapy for a duration of nine years. Our initial diagnosis was gastroenteritis. During her hospitalization, she experienced mild and persistent left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound suggested a potential splenic infarction. However, transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography confirmed normal mechanical valve function without any vegetation findings. We administered anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulation treatments. The patient unexpectedly terminated the pregnancy via cesarean section due to PROM. Warfarin was retained prior to the surgery and resumed post-surgery. Additionally, therapy with IH low-molecular-weight heparin was administered, a strategy known as bridging strategy.
Conclusion: Pregnant women with a history of MVR can develop IE. Although the occurrence is rare, these individuals are at potential risk for splenic infarction when undergoing anticoagulant therapy. The management approach during pregnancy requires a collaborative effort from multidisciplinary team and must be tailored to the individual patient.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction, the new Face of Long COVID-19, Assessed by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abtahi Firoozeh , Ayoobikashkooli Yasin , Mohammadian Seyedeh Fatemeh , Hassani Amir Hossein
Published: April 2024

Purpose: after the COVID-19 pandemic has been resolved, the world is encountered with long-term effects of this disease that is now called long-COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of previous severe COVID-19 on right ventricular (RV) function.
Methods and Materials: in this study, previously healthy patients who were admitted in intensive care units due to COVID-19 in a one-year period were evaluated using speckle-tracking echocardiography after one year of their resolution. The echocardiographic parameters of the RV were reported and assessed based on the COVID-19 treatment and baseline condition of the patients.
Results: Eighty-two patients with a mean age of 46.54±12.098 years old entered the study of whom 46 (56.1%) were male. Based on RV free wall longitudinal strain, RV global longitudinal strain, and RV fractional area change 8 (9.8%), 10 (12.2%), and 10 (12.2%) patients had RV dysfunction in a period of at least six months following their discharge. Nevertheless, 33.3% of the patients had at least one determinant of RV dysfunction. We found that the patients who needed anticoagulants and vasopressors were more likely to develop RV dysfunction. Also, the patients’ condition, especially respiratory rate on admission was a better predictor of future RV dysfunction compared to lab data.
Conclusion: COVID-19 can induce subclinical and clinical RV dysfunction persisting for as long as a year after the resolution of infection. Since this abnormality can increase cardiovascular mortality, screening of patients who had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 for RV dysfunction might not be unreasonable.
GhVIM28, a negative regulator identified from VIM family genes to depredate protein systematically in cotton under salt stress
Authors: Yang Zhining , Lu Xuke , Wang Ning , Mei Zhengding , Fan Yapeng , Zhang Menghao , Wang Lidong , Sun Yuping , Chen Xiao , Huang Hui , Meng Yuan , Liu Mengyue , Han Mingge , Chen Wenhua , Zhang Xinrui , Yu Xin , Chen Xiugui , Wang Shuai , Wang Junjuan , Zhao Lanjie , Guo Lixue , Peng Fanjia , Feng Keyun , Gao Wenwei , Ye Wuwei
Published: April 2024

The VIM gene family plays a vital role in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants, while the molecular mechanism of VIM genes in responding to salt stress is remain unclear. This study analyzed the phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal localization, conserved motifs, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and gene expression patterns of the VIM gene family in four cotton varieties. A total of 29, 29, 17, and 14 members were identified in Gossypium hirsutum (G.hirsutum), Gossypium barbadense(G.barbadense), Gossypium arboreum (G.arboreum), and Gossypium raimondii (G. raimondii), respectively. Chromosomal localization indicated the maturity and evolution of this gene family. Analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed a conserved pattern among GhVIMs genes. Furthermore, cis-acting element analysis demonstrated the presence of stress-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and growth-related elements in the promoter region of GhVIMs genes, highlighting their significant role in plant growth and stress response. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed different expression patterns and tissue specificity of GhVIMs genes under abiotic stress. To better understand the functional role of GhVIM28, GhVIM28 gene was silenced using virus-induced gene silencing, and the results indicated that GhVIM28 acts as a salt-tolerant negative regulator.
First Time Morphological and Molecular Isolation of Epicoccum sorghinum Pathogenicity in the Cassava Brown Leaf Spot Disease in Kenya
Authors: Onyango Ephine Awuor , Kituyi Sarah Naulikha , Hunja Carol Wangui , Kimatu Josphert Ngui , Nyaboga Evans Nyaega
Published: April 2024

Cassava brown leaf spot (BLS) is among the most damaging diseases that significantly reduce cassava root yields. There has been need to find varieties resistant or tolerant to BLS. Hence, in this study drought-resistant cassava varieties were being agronomically screened in an experimental farm in Kitui County-Kenya. One variety in the plots, commonly referred to as Kasukari, was found to exhibit abnormal morphological aberrations whose cause necessitated systematic studies. Morphological, microscopic and DNA molecular identification techniques were applied on the isolates to identify the causal agent(s). 162 samples of the Kasukari variety were used to determine the prevalence and severity of the disease, while 15 samples were used to determine effects of the disease in the plots. The prevalence within the plots had no significant difference (ꭓ2 = 6, p-value = 0.1991). However, there was significant difference in the severity (ꭓ2 = 53.013, p-value = 1.166e-09). Pathogenicity tests of ten isolates were conducted in vitro whereby the spore suspension was made from each isolate and inoculated in detached fresh Kasukari variety leaves. Polymerase chain reaction performed by the universal primer, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker identified Alternaria sp, Epiccocum sp, Preussia sp, and Cladosporium sp. However, it was the Epiccocum sp that was reisolated from the reinfected Kasukari Cassava variety and hence confirmed as the main causal agent. Mycological keys found this fungus to be Epicoccum sorghinum. This is the first time for E. sorghinum to be associated with BLS in Kenya. Morphologically, the disease distorted leaves and reduced root quality. This infection necessitates further enriching and screening of the cassava genome for more resistant and tolerant varieties especially in light of the climate change phenomenon.
Enhancing Preoperative Planning in Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Comparative Study of 3D Printing's Impact on Surgical Decision-Making
Authors: Dust Tobias , Henneberg Julian-Elias , Hartel Maximilian J. , Korthaus Alexander , Ballhause Tobias , von Rehlingen-Prinz Fidelius , Streckenbach Anna , Keller Johannes , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Krause Matthias
Published: April 2024

Background: Treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures remains a challenging task in clinical practice. Sufficient and appropriate preoperative decision making is essential for optimal treatment success and ultimately influences patient outcomes. Recently, the novel technique of 3D printing has proven to be beneficial for the preoperative management in other joint regions.
Methods: To investigate the impact of point-of-care 3D printing on the preoperative management of tibial plateau fractures, we asked 5 students, 10 surgical residents, 3 junior surgeons and 5 senior surgeons, to simulate the preoperative planning of 22 tibial plateau fractures (11 AO B and 11 AO C fractures) regarding the treatment concept, patient positioning, operative approach and implant selection and positioning. First with CT scans only, second with 3D volumetric reconstructions, and finally with 3D printed fracture models. We analyzed the inter- and intraobserver agreement and the subjective perceived confidence of the rater regarding his decision with the different imaging modalities across the different levels of professional experience. Statistics were performed using kappa values, percentage match (PM) analysis and a univariate one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The use of 3D printing had no effect on the interobserver reliability of treatment concept selection (PM CT 83% > 3DCT 83% > 3D 82%). However, kappa and percentage match values increased for agreement on patient positioning (k CT 0.25 > 3DCT 0.26 > 3D 0.36; PM CT 46% > 3DCT 36% > 3D 53%) and surgical approach (k CT 0.23 > 3DCT 0.22 > 3D 0.27; PM CT 29% > 3DCT 29% > 3D 33%). In addition, the raters selected the implants that were actually used to treat the fractures in 63% of the cases. The subjective perceived certainty of the raters increased with the use of 3D printing technology from 45% (CT and 3DCT) to 60% (3D). Additionally, raters changed their treatment plan in 36% of the cases and gained additional information 76% of the time when using the 3D printed specimen.
Conclusion: The use of 3D printed fracture models provides a relevant benefit for the preoperative management of tibial plateau fractures. Even experienced surgeons benefit from the haptic impression of the 3D model.
Level of evidence: Level II
Assessment of abdominal aortic elasticity and its relationship with blood pressure in dogs at different stages of degenerative mitral disease
Authors: Buriticá-Gaviria Edwin , Echeverry-Bonilla Diego , Naranjo-Medellín Miguel , Ruviano-Tuleski Giovana , Gonçalves-Sousa Marlos
Published: April 2024

High blood pressure is a common clinical condition in veterinary medical practice, and its identification can occasionally present a diagnostic challenge. The use of ultrasound has made it possible to adopt a diagnostic complementary approach to this condition by evaluating abdominal aortic elasticity (AAE). The aim was to check if AAE can help monitor and screen dogs with mitral valve regurgitation at different stages and identify a cut-off value to determine hypertension in these dogs. A total of 35 dogs of different breeds, with an average body weight (BW) of 6,8±3,9 kg, and 10,7±4,4 years on average, were evaluated in a prospective, randomized blind study. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1 (control, n = 8), group 2 (B2 stage, n = 19), and group 3 (C or D stage, n = 8), according to the evidence or not of heart murmur in the left apex, evidence or not of clinical signs, changes in the thickness of the mitral leaflet, left atrium/aorta ratio (LA/Ao) and normalized left ventricular diastolic diameter (NLVDD). The average AAE in the animals of group 1, group 2, and group 3 was 11,4±5,3%; 8,4±3,8% y 7,2±3,9% respectively, without statistically significant difference between them. An inverse correlation of 73,5% (p<0,001) was evidenced between the AAE value measured by abdominal ultrasonography and the systolic blood pressure measured by oscillometry. AAE value ≤6,1% was a discriminator of arterial hypertension in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation at a sensitivity of 80,0% and a specificity of 75,6%. The results of this study suggest that ultrasonographic measurement of AAE could be helpful in monitoring, screening, and identifying hypertension in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation or different stages of congestive heart disease; However, given its moderate sensitivity, more studies are suggested to support this statement.
Sound intensities between 40 dB and 50 dB are suitable for acoustic-cued water maze tests
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Fu Zhaoying , Jiang Yanna , Zhang Zhe , Gao Cheng , Wu Shuai , Chen Meini
Published: April 2024

We carried out an acoustic-cued water maze experiment at three sound intensity levels (30 dB, 40 dB, and 50 dB) in 30 mice (10 per group), aiming to determine the sound intensity suitable for an acoustic-cued water maze. The results showed that sound intensities at both 40 dB and 50 dB were effective in terms of the escape latency, the first crossing, the crossing number, and the quadrant time, and the effectiveness of both were about the same. On the other hand, a sound intensity of 30 dB was not as effective because there was no statistically significant improvement in escape latency across training days. Therefore, we consider sound intensities between 40 dB and 50 dB to be suitable for acoustic-cued water maze tests.
Integration of freeze-drying and Lugol-enhanced µCT imaging in virtual meniscus modelling for 3D printing and FE analysis
Authors: Moser Anna-Christina , Fritz Jennifer , Otahal Alexander , Kesselring Andreas , Schüssler Florian , Eisner Patrick , Schneider Karl , Teuschl Andreas , Reissig Lukas , Zopf Lydia , Nehrer Stefan
Published: April 2024

The knee menisci maintain stability and function of a healthy knee joint. Therefore, degenerative, or traumatic meniscus injuries may require meniscal implants to restore function. The aim of this study was to create a 3D-printable meniscus implant that emphasizes the representation of circumferential collagen fibres for biomechanical function. A novel Lugol-staining and freeze-drying technique was developed to prepare six human menisci for analysis of circumferential fibre volume proportion using μCT scans. Average volumes of 46.09% and 50.23% were observed in the medial and lateral meniscus, respectively. The resulting STL file, generated with UltiMaker Cura, had a circumferential infill structure occupying 48% of the total volume. A Python script was developed to extract coordinates from the G-code, facilitating the conversion of complex STL geometries into detailed volumetric finite element models (FEMs). These FEMs allow adjustment of volume proportions and outer layer thicknesses for finite element analysis (FEA), enabling virtual simulations to assess biomechanical properties and modify designs prior to implant manufacture. This methodology represents a promising avenue for advances in orthopaedic tissue engineering employing 3D-printing approaches.
Clinical features of vascular involvement in paediatric Behçet's syndrome: A retrospective, multi-center study
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Xue , Wang Lian , Kang Min , Zhang Dan , Xu Yingjie , Zhu Jia , Su Gaixiu , Lai Jianming
Published: April 2024

Objective: Behçet’s syndrome (BS) can affect the vascular system, but little is known about the clinical manifestations of vasculo-BS (VBS) in children. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of paediatric VBS.
Methods: Clinical data of children with VBS treated at the Children's[A1] Hospital affiliated with the Capital Institute of Pediatrics and its sister hospitals from March 2013 to April 2023 were retrospectively analysed.
Results: A total of 12 cases were identified, including 5 males and 7 females. Among them, 10 cases (83.3%) were treated at our department, accounting for 21.2% of the total BS cases in our department. The median age of onset was 9.5 years (range: 3-13 years). Vascular lesions were detected at the time of diagnosis in 10 cases, including 8 cases of pure arterial involvement ,2cases of pure venous involvementand and 2 cases of both arterial and venous involvement. Commonly affected arteries included the lower limb arteries (4/12), pulmonary artery, subclavian artery, renal artery, and superior mesenteric artery (3/12 each). Arterial wall thickening (6/12) and luminal stenosis (5/12) were common arterial lesions, with pulmonary artery thrombosis and arterial occlusion reported in 2 cases each. Venous wall thickening and luminal stenosis (2/12), as well as thrombosis (2/12), were common venous lesions, with superficial or deep venous thrombosis observed. Twelve cases received steroid therapy, 9 cases were treated using steroids combined with cyclophosphamide, and 8 cases were treated using steroids combined with thalidomide, while 9 cases using steroids combined with biologic agents. Surgical treatment was performed in 4 cases. Eight cases remained stable, 2 cases had recurrent activity, and 1 case died suddenly from cardiac causes.
Conclusion: Paediatric VBS is rare, and vascular lesions are often identified concurrently with the diagnosis of BS. Arterial involvement is more common than venous involvement. Commonly affected arteries include the lower limb arteries, pulmonary artery, subclavian artery, renal artery, and superior mesenteric artery. Vascular lesions typically manifest as vascularwall thickening and/or luminal stenosis, with complications such as pulmonary artery embolism, arterial aneurysms, arterial occlusion, and venous thrombosis. Treatment with steroids combined with immunosuppressive agents and biologic agents is effective, but some cases still have a poor prognosis.
A comparative study of geotechnical parameters of vindhyan sandstone
Authors: KUMAR SAURABH , Pandey Hemant Kumar , Chaudhary Videshi
Published: April 2024

The strength of the rock is a very important concern to use in construction of civil engineering projects The utilization of rock in building construction is much dependent on their strength, weathering and aesthetic values. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a handy parameter for geotechnical studies. In paper, the physical strength tests were performed in the laboratory and a correlation was developed between these tests (the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) value with Slake Durability Index (SDI), point load index strength (PLIS), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS)).The relationship is quite nonlinear. A relationship also developed for water absorption (WA) and SDI for sandstone. The relation of WA and SDI is very linear in inverse direction which shows that the water plays the major role for degradation of rock. A comparative study of the results obtained from the study area with the previous studies to understand the relationship phenomena for sandstone. The previous studies result also justifies the relationship of UCS with PLIS, BTS, and SDI. The results show that the strength of intact rock is highly variable and suitable for construction work. The comparative study shows almost similar results for sandstone.
Common bean processing to obtain an unconventional protein ingredient for the food industry
Authors: Lima Janice Ribeiro , Azevedo Tatiana de Lima , Galdeano Melicia Cintia , Felberg Ilana , Mellinger Caroline Grassi
Published: April 2024

Common beans are cultivated worldwide and can be considered as raw material for obtaining protein ingredients for novel products development, especially for the plant-based food market. They are naturally rich sources of proteins, ranging from 19 to 24%. Parameters for alkaline extraction (pH, solid to water ratio, and stirring time) and acid precipitation (pH and stirring time) of proteins from common beans were defined. Four scaling-up tests were performed to validate the selected parameters. Results showed that the process should follow a protein water extraction step (water and bean flour ratio of 1:8, pH of 9.0, and 30 minutes stirring) followed by an acid precipitation step (pH of 5.5 and 10 minutes stirring), and spray drying. The protein concentrate obtained is a powder with 76.5% protein on a dry basis and the process presented mass yield of 11.0% and protein yield of 39.7%. The common bean protein concentrate obtained can be used as an ingredient to enhance protein content in food formulations.
Early warning of complex climate risk with integrated artificial intelligence
Authors: Reichstein Markus , Frank Dorothea , Benson Vitus , Camps-Valls Gustau , Denzler Joachim , Kornhuber Kai , Schoelkopf Bernhard , Vinuesa Ricardo , Han Boran , Fearnley Carina , Rahaman Nasim , Tarraga José María , Blunk Jan , Dall Karen , Martini Giulia , Nganga Naomi , Robinson Danielle
Published: April 2024

As our climate undergoes significant shifts, both the Earth and human societies are increasingly exposed to disasters and stress. This situation underscores the critical need for robust Early Warning Systems (EWS), which are intricately designed to monitor, assess, and relay information about impending risks and hazards. EWS are vital in promoting resilient and sustainable development, yet they encounter substantial challenges in forecasting hazards and impacts, communicating risks, and in the efficiency of decision-making processes. In this perspective, we examine these challenges and explore the transformative role of integrated Artificial Intelligence Foundation Models (AI FMs), especially focusing on the capabilities of Large Multi-Modal Models (LMMs). We discuss the power of these models in developing a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS), combining Meteorological and Geospatial FMs for impact prediction in a comprehensive approach. Emphasizing a user-centric strategy, this paper highlights the importance of intuitive interfaces and incorporating community feedback to enhance crisis management. Given the complex nature of climate risks, we emphasize the need for causal representations in AI models, to avoid conclusions and predictions based on spurious correlations. Additionally, we introduce the concept of decadal EWSs, which aims to provide longer term, yet spatially resolved forecasts. By leveraging climate ensembles and generative approaches, these advancements aim to provide proactive solutions for evolving climate dynamics and societal responses.
Incidence of invasive breast cancer in women treated with testosterone implants: Dayton prospective cohort study, 15-year update
Authors: Glaser Rebecca L. , Dimitrakakis Constantine , Gindri Izabelle M , Pizzolatti André L , Pinto Luiz Paulo S , Glaser-Garbrick Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background: We previously published 10-year results (from March 2008-March 2018) from the Dayton prospective breast cancer prevention study, which showed a 40% reduction in the incidence of invasive breast cancer in women receiving testosterone or testosterone with anastrozole implant therapy compared to the age-matched Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) expected incidence rate. We continued to follow the study subjects on therapy through March 2023.
Methods: This 10-year prospective cohort study was approved in March 2008, at which time recruitment was initiated. Recruitment was closed in March 2013. Pre- and postmenopausal women who received at least two pellet insertions were eligible for analysis (n=1267). Breast cancer incidence rates are reported as an unadjusted, unweighted value of newly diagnosed cases divided by the sum of the person-time of observation for the at-risk population. The incidence rates on testosterone therapy were compared to age-specific SEER incidence rates and expected local Montgomery County incidence rates (the location of most study patients).
Results: As of March 1, 2023, a total of 16 (versus 30 expected) eligible patients were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer within 240 days of their last testosterone pellet insert equating to an incidence rate of 189/100000 p-y, which is significantly less than the national SEER expected incidence rate of 355/100000, i.e., a 47% reduction. Interestingly, local incidence rates in Montgomery County are higher than US national averages.
Conclusion: The 15-year follow-up data revealed a reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer with long-term testosterone or testosterone combined with anastrozole implant therapy. Because of the increased incidence of invasive breast cancer in our area, the amount of reduction (benefit) from testosterone therapy may be underestimated using national data/statistics for comparison.
Formation and changing principle of the dynamic shape of the pitch polishing lap under the loading conditioner in continuous polishing
Authors: Liao Defeng , Xie Ruiqing , Zhang Mingzhuang , Zhao Shijie
Published: April 2024

Full-aperture continuous polishing is one of the key processes for polishing large flat optical elements. The surface figure of the optics polished by continuous polishing depends largely on the pitch polishing lap’s surface shape, which is controlled by a large conditioner. The changing process of the surface shape of the viscoelastic pitch lap under the loading conditioner is extremely complicated and has not been fully understood. This paper focuses on the formation mechanism and changing principle of the dynamic shape of the pitch lap during polishing. Firstly, the viscoelastic properties of the pitch lap are analyzed, and a viscoelastic creep model of the pitch lap is established. Then, the dynamic change process of the surface shape of the pitch lap under the loading pressure of the conditioner is explored, and a solution model of the dynamic shape of the pitch lap at the polishing station is established. Finally, polishing experiments were conducted to verify the model. This paper for the first time reveals that the surface shape of the pitch lap presents a dynamic change, which lays a foundation for controlling the surface shape of the pitch lap.