bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in fetal hemoglobin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis with type 2 hepatorenal syndrome and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Voznyuk M. A. , Levitan B. N.
Published: January 2025

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is highly prevalent in the modern population and is the leading cause of death among all gastrointestinal tract diseases. The course of cirrhosis can be aggravated by a number of conditions that makes the management of patients with this pathology even more challenging. One of these conditions is hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type 2. This condition is a special form of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which it is believed that changes in the kidneys are largely functional and reversible. Diagnosis and treatment of HRS type 2 in LC require special approaches.

The purpose of the study. To establish possible differences in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) indicators in patients with structural damage to kidney tissue in CKD and renal dysfunction associated with the development of type 2 HRS in patients with LC.

Materials and methods. Participants were recruited among patients of the therapeutic and gastroenterological departments of the State Healthcare Institution of the Astrakhan Regional Clinical Hospital in Astrakhan. The study included 40 patients with Child-Pugh B, C LC without signs of HRS, 21 with LC and HRS type 2, 92 with CKD of stages 3, 4, 5, and 43 healthy donors in the control group (CG). HbF analysis was performed by rocket electrophoresis in agar gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate using pure HbF preparations and the author's monospecific antisera to Hb F. Results. To identify additional criteria for the differential diagnosis of HRS type 2 and CKD, a study of the HbF level was conducted in these groups of patients, as well as their comparison by this indicator LC without HRS and CG. The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in HbF in the CKD group compared to patients with LC with type 2 HRS, LC without HRS, and GC.

Conclusion. The identified changes allow using quantitative determination of the HbF level for differential diagnostics of organic kidney damage, characteristic of CKD, from renal dysfunction in type 2 HRS in patients with cirrhosis. The presence of CKD in a patient is indicated by a reliable decrease in HbF parameters, compared with the norm, while in cirrhosis with type 2 HRS they exceed normal values.
Medical thermography as a method of visualization in the wounds and wound infections care: application experience and current state of the matter
Authors: Kislenko A. M. , Dolgov I. M. , Karamyshev Yu. V. , Kovalenko S. A. , Filippov A. V.
Published: January 2025

Medical thermography (MT) is an actively developing technology that covers many areas of medical practice. Unfortunately, the usefulness of this method in such a crucial area as the treatment of wounds and wound infections are almost unknown. Moreover, there is no data on whether the method will be effective in emergency medical setting, where the conditions are far from standards, necessary for its correct implementation. Clinical evaluation in a wide range of pathologies, including soft tissue infections, local and peripheral blood circulation disorders, osteomyelitis after orthopedic trauma indicates, that infrared imaging diagnostic patterns are valid and almost independent of the environmental conditions. By all its qualities, MT could become the important method in rapid wounds and wound infections diagnostics to use in any surgical departments in the hospitals of any level and to be of interest to verify peripheral vascular disorders in patients with combat extremities injury. To clarify the thermosemiotics, including numerical criteria, as well as the environmental boundary conditions, at which medical thermography maintains its diagnostic value, further clinical studies are needed to support the clinical utility of thermography.
Ergonomic design and efficiency of the innovative ambulance cabin for emergency medical services: operational indicators and impact on the quality of emergency care
Authors: Plavunov N. F. , Filimonov V. S. , Vodolazsky S. Yu. , Klyukin M. I.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of improving the efficiency of emergency medical care in the context of emergency medical services (EMS) necessitates the implementation of modern solutions. As part of the study, the ambulance cabin was optimized, ergonomic zoning was introduced, equipment placement was standardized, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were developed.The purpose of the study. To compare the efficiency of emergency medical care provided in standard and optimized ambulance cabins, assessing the impact of ergonomic and zoning modifications on the time required for procedures, the quality of care, and the working conditions of medical personnel.Research objectives. An analysis of the impact of ambulance cabin ergonomics on the speed and quality of medical procedures, as well as an examination of the working conditions of medical personnel in the updated cabin to identify the advantages of implementing a systematic approach to space design.Materials and methods. The study focuses on designing a new ambulance cabin with an emphasis on ergonomics, zoning, and optimal equipment placement to enhance the efficiency of medical procedures. Methods of ergonomic and demographic analysis were applied to evaluate the functionality of cabin zones, alongside statistical data processing using Excel, specialized software packages, and Python.Results. Test data revealed that the use of the optimized ambulance cabin enhances the efficiency of emergency medical care. The time required for medical procedures in the updated cabin was reduced, improving the response speed of the team. A decrease in personnel fatigue and increased equipment accessibility were noted due to ergonomic zoning. The results also confirmed more comfortable working conditions for the medical team and a reduction in response times compared to the standard cabin.Conclusion. The results of the study hold significant scientific and practical value for emergency medical service professionals. The data obtained confirm the potential of implementing innovative solutions in ambulance design, enabling recommendations to improve working conditions for medical personnel and enhance the efficiency of emergency medical care delivery.
Challenges in diagnosing pheochromocytoma in a patient with a long-term hypertension
Authors: Pokrovskaya A. E. , Vargina T. S. , Goncharova E. V. , Khutkina I. D. , Kurnosova A. A. , Yumasheva V. A. , Lezhneva V. V. , Pachuashvili N. V.
Published: January 2025

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that produces catecholamines. Despite the obvious clinical manifestations, there are difficulties in diagnosing it, since the classic symptoms are not always found or may not be obvious. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with pheochromocytoma and a history of hypertension. The pathogenesis and diagnostic features are described, as well as clinical characteristics indicating secondary arterial hypertension. The morphological picture, management tactics of the patient and his condition in the postoperative period are demonstrated.
Nutritional support programs in intensive care units patients
Authors: Slastnikov E. D. , Vlasenko A. V. , Evdokimov E. A. , Shestopalov A. E. , Rodionov E. P. , Koryakin A. G. , Klyuev I. S. , Makovey V. I. , Erofeev V. V.
Published: January 2025

Timely and adequate nutritional support is on a par with etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy in terms of effectiveness, especially in intensive care patients. Critical condition and systemic inflammation of any etiology lead not only to primary and secondary damage to organs and tissues, the development of multiple organ failure, but also trigger a cascade of reactions aimed at mobilizing energy substrates to maintain homeostasis and ensure regeneration. This leads to a rapid depletion of endogenous reserves of macro- and microelements and, without proper replenishment, a syndrome of metabolic dysfunction develops, which, in turn, contributes to the progression of multiple organ failure, the development of purulentseptic and metabolic complications, which increases the time of hospitalization and pharmacoeconomical costs, worsens the results of treatment. In everyday clinical practice, when diagnosing nutritional deficiency or the risk of its development, the clinician must determine not only the nutrition program, but also the format of its implementation. This paper presents a critical analysis of the most common ways of providing nutrition and algorithms for personalized choice of nutritional therapy in patients in intensive care units.
Potential of echocardiographic assessment of early systolic lengthening in making diagnosis of various forms of coronary heart disease
Authors: Tyurina L. G. , Khamidova L. T. , Rybalko N. V. , Ghazaryan G. A.
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of paradoxical myocardial deformation, which includes early systolic lengthening and post-systolic shortening, was originally described in the 1970s in experimental animal models and in patients with myocardial ischemia at invasive assessment of the left ventricle (LV). Today, new echocardiographic imaging technology demonstrates that these phenomena are much more common than were initially thought. Quite a lot of studies have been conducred to investigate post-systolic shortening (PSS), but the role of early systolic lengthening (ESL) has become increasingly emphasized in the most recent research articles. In this regard, we have made an attempt to describe most completely and accessibly the clinical potential associated with the mechanisms of occurrence of ESL and the significance of its assessment in various forms of coronary heart disease.
CONCILIARITY AS THE MORAL BASIS OF THE EURASIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, TARASOV I.S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose of study. The paper makes a detailed analysis of the concept of conciliarity, a manifestation of Orthodoxy as an element of cultural identity of peoples of Russia and Eurasia. The purpose is to characterize conciliarity as the moral basis of relations within the criminal procedure, to demonstrate how the epistemic logic in the Eurasian concept of criminal procedure and influence of conciliarity on the development of the criminal procedure participants correlate with the moral compass.

Conclusions. The investigation concludes that conciliarity as a manifestation of Orthodoxy is the moral basis of Eurasian criminal procedure. The conclusion is based on the following arguments: epistemic logic receives moral content from conciliarity; the combination of the moral content and events of the life in the criminal procedure contributes to the formation of the criminal procedure participants as personalities with the moral compass. Conciliarity, manifested in individual and collective personalities, contributes to the real-life communication between criminal procedure participants and unites all types of personalities into a single organism aimed to realize the common purpose: to investigate and clear crimes as forms of sins, unorthodoxy and departure from God’s Commandments.
ON SOME ISSUES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE NORMS ON EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Authors:   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Moscow, Russian Federation, BOROVIKOV V.B. , BOROVIKOVA V.V.
Published: January 2025

The article outlines the controversial issues of the application of the norms on exemption from criminal liability. In particular, attention is paid to the social conditionality of these norms, the possibilities of their application in cases of unfinished criminal activity and complicity in crime, and ways to improve their content and implementation are proposed. The purpose of the publication is to consider additional possibilities of applying the rules on exemption from criminal liability in situations that have not been adequately developed in the theory and practice of criminal law. For example, in cases of commission of unfinished crimes, complicity in a crime, application of criminal law norms with administrative prejudice. The conclusions obtained during the study. The article draws conclusions about the possibility and expediency of applying the norms on exemption from criminal liability in cases of commission of an unfinished crime, complicity in a crime and acts recognized as criminal on the basis of norms with administrative prejudice. The scientific significance of the publication. The article attempts to consider from a new scientific perspective the issues of the application of exemption from criminal liability in cases of commission of an unfinished crime, complicity in a crime, as well as in situations of recognition of an act as a crime on the basis of norms with administrative prejudice. The practical significance of the publication. This article contains ideas on expanding the possibilities of applying the norms on exemption from criminal liability, in relation to situations of commission of an unfinished crime, complicity in a crime and in cases of recognition of an act as criminal, on the basis of norms with administrative prejudice.
ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE TERM “EXTREMISM”
Authors:   Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russian Federation, ABRAMOVA V.I. , VORONIN M.YU. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the content of the term “extremism”. The introduction argues the importance of developing a conceptual framework in legal science. In the research part, the authors address different points of view. A narrow approach to defining the content of this phenomenon is explored, which concretizes the list of characteristic features of extremism. Attention is also drawn to a broad approach to the definition of this phenomenon, which does not set a strict framework. The final section of the article provides the author’s definition of extremism.
THE FOOD CRISIS IN THE USSR (1963): LAW, LIQUIDATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION, DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN LANDS AND MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation Army General E.N. Zinichev, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, BELKHAROEV KH.U. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The article examines the causes and miscalculations of the food crisis in the Soviet state of 1962-1963. The issues of consolidation of collective farms, development of virgin lands, limiting the size of household plots, population migration, socio-economic protests, grain exports, corn companies, excessive chemicalization of stale lands, weather conditions are considered. It is revealed that the adoption of the resolution of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU for the RSFSR of August 20, 1958 “On the prohibition of keeping livestock in the personal property of citizens living in cities and working settlements” had a negative impact on the food supply of the population of the country. The withdrawal of horses and cattle from private subsidiary farms led to an increase in the state livestock, which in turn was reflected by the lack of specialized facilities for their maintenance and the general shortage of fodder crops, due to the lack of a fodder base, the productivity of the state livestock significantly decreased. The issues of introducing the rate of release of bakery products in one hand and the purchase of bread from strategic opponents have been studied. It is shown that the policy of pressure on collective and personal subsidiary farms of peasants, by the method of economic coercion, did not work. The population in the vast expanses of the state was starving. It was revealed that insufficient funding of science, the lack of necessary infrastructure, bakeries, mills, adapted warehouses, machinery and technologies, administrative positions constantly introduced on the basis of agricultural enterprises, which ate up a significant part of the budget, did not contribute to the efficiency of the industry. It is recommended, at present, when implementing state and regional programs for the development and reform of the agricultural sector, to take into account the practical experience of previous generations.
CORRELATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND LEGAL REGULATION IN AGRICULTURAL HORTICULTURE
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russian Federation, ELISEEV V.S. ,   Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherov, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: January 2025

In the article, the author correlates the agricultural regulation of horticulture, as a branch of agricultural crop production, with its legal support. The author comes to the conclusion that the legislation on horticulture finds only fragmentary legal support for horticulture in various normative acts. The relevant legislation needs to adopt a special comprehensive regulatory act, an example of which, in particular, is the special Federal law “On Viticulture and Winemaking in the Russian Federation”.
LEGAL BASIS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY: STAGES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, PETROV D.YU. , BATISHCEVA V.YU. , KOLYGANOVA A.S. ,   Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal of the city of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The article examines the modern challenges and obstacles faced by cryptocurrency owners, which continue to attract increasing attention from both business structures and ordinary users. Due to their decentralized nature and the ability to ensure anonymity and security of transactions, cryptocurrencies are a unique tool for transferring digital assets and participating in new economic models. Given modern development trends, cryptocurrency can become an integral part of the global financial system, changing the ways of storing and transferring values, becoming a catalyst for the development of new technologies and innovations, increasing the efficiency and transparency of financial transactions.
El diseño gráfico de Saul Bass en el universo de Disney
Authors: Valverde Maestre Águeda María
Published: January 2025

Además de recoger la evolución del lenguaje cinematográfico, las secuencias de título permiten conocer el estilo de sus respectivos directores, productoras y artistas gráficos. Estas “microestructuras” (Zunzunegui, 2016) son capaces de anticipar las claves narrativas de la obra audiovisual a la que acompañan e, incluso, convertirse en producciones audiovisuales con una imagen corporativa y sentido propios. La siguiente investigación relaciona las características estilísticas, narrativas y discursivas de Saul Bass, uno de los diseñadores gráficos más célebres de la historia, con la cabecera la película animada Monstruos S.A. (2001) con el propósito de definir las conexiones entre The Walt Disney Company, Pixar Animation Studios y las aportaciones del autor mencionado. Por un lado, se analiza la forma, el contenido y las relaciones intertextuales de la secuencia de apertura de este filme, mientras que, por otro lado, se repasan las teorías vinculadas con los universos creativos de ambas compañías.
Fotografía, Kodak y turismo
Authors: Vicente-Mullor Pedro
Published: January 2025

El nacimiento del turismo y la popularización de la fotografía a finales del siglo XIX marcaron un punto de inflexión en la manera de experimentar y documentar el mundo. Mientras que el turismo emergía como una práctica cultural que democratizaba el acceso a los viajes, la fotografía, fundamentalmente por los lanzamientos productos y campañas de marketing de KODAK, se consolidaba como una herramienta esencial para capturar y compartir esas experiencias. Ambas disciplinas se retroalimentaron en sus inicios: el turismo necesitó imágenes que por un lado promocionaran los destinos turísticos, y que por otro dieran a conocer esos lugares a quienes no pudieran viajar a ellos. Por su parte, KODAK encontró en el turismo una práctica con la que vender sus productos, o más concretamente, sobre la que crear una nueva necesidad al viajero: la de fotografiar los destinos visitados. Este texto analiza tanto el nacimiento del turismo como el auge de Kodak, en un ámbito temporal similar. Además, se estudian algunas de las campañas de márquetin más exitosas de Kodak, todas ellas asociadas al turismo, o incluso generadas por el propio turismo. El texto acaba con un análisis de la “mirada del turista”, esencial en nuestra historia cultural reciente.
Exploring Factors Influencing the Integration of AI Drawing Tools in Art and Design Education
Authors: Ge Hongbo , Chen Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that influence the integration of using artificial intelligence drawing tools into art and design education in colleges and universities. To integrate AI technology into art design education, it is first necessary to clarify the effect of the application of AI technology in the education process. Through the methods of literature review, case study, and practical teaching, we analyze the potential and influencing factors of the application of AI in education by integrating the theoretical foundations of art and design teaching with AI. This study summarizes the effects and possible shortcomings of the application of artificial intelligence from the case of universities in China and proposes corresponding countermeasures. The conclusions of the study can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of artificial intelligence in art and design teaching.
El Fenómeno NFT y su especial vinculación con la propiedad intelectual
Authors: De Nova Labián Alberto
Published: January 2025

La irrupción del fenómeno NFT supuso toda una revolución en el mercado del arte digital, debido en gran medida a la posibilidad de individualizar las obras como ejemplares únicos y la trazabilidad sobre las operaciones comerciales. Sin embargo, como ha ocurrido con otros fenómenos vinculados al mundo digital, terminó degenerando en una burbuja comercial que finalmente ha terminado estallando. A pesar de ello, el fenómeno NFT sigue vigente, por lo que se hace necesario que, desde el ámbito particular de la Propiedad Intelectual, se den respuestas claras a las interrogantes que plantea, de modo que tanto autores como coleccionistas puedan operar en un marco jurídico suficientemente claro. De igual modo resulta fundamental identificar los riesgos y las herramientas que puedan ayudar a proteger los derechos de los autores y a crear un entorno seguro para el comercio de este tipo de obras.
Del Ladrillo al Bit: Arquitectura Virtual en Second Life
Authors: López Castillo Celia
Published: January 2025

La arquitectura contemporánea ha perdido su identidad y cometido social, adaptándose al sistema capitalista. Este estudio explora si el Metaverso, como ciudad virtual, sigue una evolución similar. Hoy en día, las construcciones en el metaverso se enfocan en el beneficio económico, olvidando el bienestar social y su esencia de funcionalidad, estética y sostenibilidad. La investigación examina si las edificaciones virtuales priorizan el valor económico sobre el artístico, utilizando como ejemplo uno de los primeros mundos del metaverso: Second Life. Además, se evalúa si vale la pena sacrificar el propósito social de la arquitectura por beneficios económicos, considerando el impacto en ambos ecosistemas, real y virtual.
La prominencia del título en la cartela
Authors: Eiras Martínez Jose
Published: January 2025

La palabra y el arte son, en gran medida, lo que nos diferencia de los animales. No solamente por su gran poder transmisor del mensaje, sino por su repercusión esencial en la cultura occidental actual. Con un enfoque conceptual, se pretende dilucidar entre un planteamiento teórico y uno práctico, recayendo su protagonismo en lo que, hasta el momento, como mucho, ha sido considerado en muchos casos como accesorio: el título y, por consiguiente, la cartela en el arte. El primero como material de creación del que el artista puede disponer para su obra; y la segunda como herramienta paradigmática de dotación de una contextualización hermenéutica simultánea y paralela a la exposición artística. La autonomía entre ambos, también respecto a la facticidad de la obra, puede presentar retos de gran magnitud, para así incorporar otros perfiles de público, captando el interés de nuevos espectadores no necesariamente ‘entendidos’ en arte.
Political Communication in Community Participation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Titis Ayu Angganten  , Salahudin  , Muhammad Firdaus
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to see how communication affects the political participation of rural communities. This research uses a systematic literature review method using 219 scholarly articles from the Scopus database. The review of the articles was conducted using the Vosviewer application. The results revealed that there are 5 thematic clusters in the study of political communication participation, including the green cluster, yellow cluster, purple cluster, red cluster, and blue cluster. Where each cluster has a strong relationship between clusters. The politics of local leaders affect all aspects of community life in the area. Good leaders are developed through a long process and do not appear by chance. The ability to get others to do what the leader wants is known as leadership.  Communication in the community is considered to work well in the process of political participation in the community, despite the poorly understood and inadequate form of information distribution. The process of political participation in the election of leaders and other political bodies runs smoothly with the support of available communication media. Villagers are invited to participate in decision-making because they better understand what is needed for the welfare of the village. The results of this research help people's political participation in various ways and provide information to people who need it. The research process was limited because the articles used were only from the Scopus database, so the research results could not cover the issue of government communication in increasing the participation of rural communities as a whole.  Future research should use scientific article sources from recognized international databases such as Web of Science and Dimensions Scholars, so this research itself has weaknesses that need to be improved for future research.
Strategi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Menanggulangi Polusi di DLHK Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Salfira Elsa , Purnamasari Hanny
Published: January 2025

Strategy is essentially a careful plan for an activity to achieve a target or goal, strategy cannot be separated from the goal to be achieved without clear goals, strategy will create new problems, therefore strategy can be formulated after understanding the goal. This research aims to determine the DLHK Communication Strategy in overcoming pollution in Karawang Regency. The research method used by researchers is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach with data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and literature study. Meanwhile, the theory for analyzing the object of this research is the communication strategy theory put forward by Hafied Cangara consisting of research, planning, implementation, evaluation and reporting. The results of the research that has been carried out show that the communication strategy of the Karawang Regency Environment and Hygiene Service in dealing with pollution in the five dimensions of the communication strategy stage has succeeded in implementing an effective communication strategy by increasing awareness of the public and entrepreneurs to protect the surrounding environment so that air pollution does not occur.
An Investigation of the Feasibility of Feedstock to Support the UK’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Goals
Authors: Chapman Rebecca J. , Hettiarachchige Don Anton
Published: January 2025

The UK’s aviation sector currently accounts for about 8% of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions. In order to meet the country’s ambitious Net-Zero goals, significant change in the industry will be necessary over the coming decade. While a variety of technologies have been proposed with this goal in mind, due to the slow-moving nature of the industry, the most feasible of these is the increased use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) that requires little to no change to existing aircraft systems, procedures, as well as ground facilities. This fact is further supported by the passing of the UK’s 2030 SAF mandate. SAF is a biofuel produced from 100% renewable waste or residue materials, called feedstock. Therefore, due to the many options available as potential sources for SAF, it is important to look at the feasibility, both economic and environmental, of these various sources and their various blends. This paper analyses a number of these potential SAF sources by exploring the current state of the SAF industry as well as the current availability of feedstock. Next, a detailed analysis into the environmental and economic aspects of each fuel blend is done. These findings are fed into a novel weighting algorithm that is designed to assess a number of factors, including various technical characteristics and feasibility studies, as well as produce a detailed outlook of the future potential of each fuel blend. This work would support the industry in making decisions related to their SAF fuel blend options.
Solid-state fermentation of hemp waste: enhancing the performance of Hermetia illucens larvae and altering the composition of hemp secondary metabolites
Authors: Yakti Wael , Förster Nadja , Müller Marcus , Beck Sebastian , Schulz Simon , Mewis Inga , Ulrichs Christian
Published: January 2025

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) can increase the nutritional quality of low value substrates for insects. In this study, SSF using different fungal species was applied on a hemp waste substrate, and the fermentation was followed by a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) feeding experiment during which 300 larvae were grown on 200 g (20.1% DM) substrate for 7–9 days depending on the treatment. Besides assessing the BSFL performance parameters, the presence of hemp cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes was assessed through the process and compared among the treatments. The results show that BSFL growth parameters varied depending on the fungal species used. Fermenting the substrate with Ganoderma lucidum can lead to an increase in the BSFL dry yield (4.54 g) compared to the untreated substrate (2.86 g), likely due to enhancing carbon accessibility in the substrate. SSF using Trichoderma reesei increased the cannabidiol and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol mass fractions in the substrate, and consequently in the produced BSFL biomass, while decreasing the amounts of acidic cannabinoids. Both Hypsizygus ulmarius and Pleurotus ostreatus effectively removed cannabinoids from the substrate. This study confirms that pre-treating hemp wastes via SSF can enhance their nutritional value and/or reduce bioactive secondary metabolites, with different fungal species offering different and complementary performances in achieving different biotechnological goals.
The use of human tissue surrogates in anatomical modeling for gunshot wounds simulations: an overview about “how to do” experimental terminal ballistics
Authors: dos Santos Lucas Meciano Pereira , da Cunha Marcelo Rodrigues , Reis Carlos Henrique Bertoni , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , da Rosa Ana Paula Bernardes , Tempest Leandro Moreira , da Cruz José Augusto Parola , Buchaim Rogério Leone , Issa João Paulo Mardegan
Published: January 2025

Human tissue simulating materials are currently used in scientific research mainly because they help to avoid possible ethical issues, unlike what happens with studies involving live animals and/or human cadavers. The use of ballistic gelatin as a human soft tissue surrogate stands out, although other types of materials can be used, including polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane in the simulation of bones and skin respectively, not to mention some computational models that completely replace the physical use of surrogate models for gunshot wound simulation. The use of human tissue surrogates can be useful in reconstructing the dynamics of a crime scene when important forensic traces cannot be found. In the absence of projectiles but in possession of the possible firearm used in the crime, for example, it is possible to verify whether the weapon in question actually fired the fatal gunshot by comparing the injury found on the victim with the injury produced on the simulant material that best represents the anatomical area impacted, as indicated in the literature. Thus, scientific advances in experimental research in terminal ballistics with tissue surrogates can positively impact applied forensic sciences in the search for better technical assistance to the justice system in solving criminal situations.
Nanoparticle accumulation and penetration in 3D tumor models: the effect of size, shape, and surface charge
Authors: Cybulski Pierre , Bravo Maria , Chen Jim Jui-Kai , Van Zundert Indra , Krzyzowska Sandra , Taemaitree Farsai , Uji-i Hiroshi , Hofkens Johan , Rocha Susana , Fortuni Beatrice
Published: January 2025

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) hold significant potential for advancing cancer therapy by enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. Their effectiveness in solid tumors is, however, often constrained by insufficient accumulation and penetration. Understanding how the physicochemical properties of NPs – such as size, shape, and surface charge – influence their interaction with cells within the tumor is critical for optimizing NP design. In this study, we addressed the challenge of inconsistent NP behavior by systematically evaluating NP uptake in both 2D and 3D tumor models, and NP penetration in spheroids. Our results showed that larger NPs exhibited higher internalization rates in 2D models but limited penetration in 3D spheroids. Furthermore, negatively charged NPs consistently achieved superior accumulation and deeper penetration than neutral and positively charged NPs. Spherical NPs outperformed rod-shaped NPs in tumor accumulation and penetration. These findings underscore the importance of carefully tailoring NP properties to the complex tumor microenvironment for improved therapeutic outcomes in real tumors.
Investigating the role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in drug resistance within female reproductive system cancers
Authors: Shirani Nooshafarin , Abdi Neda , Chehelgerdi Matin , Yaghoobi Hajar , Chehelgerdi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Exosomes, as key mediators of intercellular communication, have been increasingly recognized for their role in the oncogenic processes, particularly in facilitating drug resistance. This article delves into the emerging evidence linking exosomal lncRNAs to the modulation of drug resistance mechanisms in cancers such as ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. It synthesizes current research findings on how these lncRNAs influence cancer cell survival, tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapy efficacy. Additionally, the review highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting exosomal lncRNAs, proposing a new frontier in overcoming drug resistance. By mapping the interface of exosomal lncRNAs and drug resistance, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding that could pave the way for innovative treatments and improved patient outcomes in female reproductive system cancers.
Preparation of p-type Fe2O3 nanoarray and its performance as photocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Fan Xiaoli , Zhu Fei , Wang Zeyi , Wang Xi , Zou Yi , Gao Bin , Song Li , He Jianping , Wang Tao
Published: January 2025

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has the potential to convert solar energy into chemical energy, emerging as a promising alternative to fossil fuel combustion. In PEC systems, p-type semiconductors are particularly noteworthy for their ability to directly produce hydrogen. In this work, Fe2O3 with p-type semiconductor properties grown directly on the conductive glass substrate were successfully synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The analysis results indicate that the Fe2O3 exhibits a spindle shaped nanoarray structure and possesses a small band gap, thereby demonstrating excellent photoelectrochemical performance as a photocathode with photocurrent density of −23 μA cm−2 at 0.4 V vs. RHE. Further band structure tests reveal that its conduction band position is more negative compared to the hydrogen evolution potential, highlighting its significant potential as a photocathode material.
Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: an umbrella review
Authors: Wu Tingping , Cheng Honghui , Zhuang Jiamei , Liu Xianhua , Ouyang Zichen , Qian Rui
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a cluster of chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorders situated at the nexus of intricate interplays. The primary aim of the present investigation is to perform an umbrella review of metaanalyses, systematically offering a comprehensive overview of the evidence concerning risk factors for IBD.

Methods

To achieve this, we searched reputable databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception through April 2023. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of each metaanalysis using the AMSTAR tool and adhered to evidence classification criteria.

Results

In total, we extracted 191 unique risk factors in meta-analyses, including 92 significantly associated risk factors. The top ten risk factors were human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, IBD family history, periodontal disease, poliomyelitis, campylobacter species infection, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, use of proton pump inhibitors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and western dietary pattern.

Discussion

In conclusion, this umbrella review extracted 62 risk factors and 30 protective factors, most of which were related to underlying diseases, personal lifestyle and environmental factors. The findings in this paper help to develop better prevention and treatment measures to reduce the incidence of IBD, delay its progression, and reduce the burden of IBD-related disease worldwide.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023417175.
Interactions between the tumor microbiota and breast cancer
Authors: Guo Hua
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Changes in the microbiota and their metabolites affect the occurrence and development of breast cancer; however, the specific mechanisms are not clear. Gut microbes and their metabolites influence the development of breast cancer by regulating the tumor immune response, estrogen metabolism, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy effects. It was previously thought that there were no microorganisms in breast tissue, but it is now thought that there are microorganisms in breast cancer that can affect the outcome of the disease. This review builds on existing research to comprehensively analyze the role of gut and intratumoral microbiota and their metabolites in the development and metastasis of breast cancer. We also explore the potential function of the microbiota as biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic response, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the causal relationship between the microbiota and breast cancer. We hope to provide new ideas and directions for the development of new methods for breast cancer treatment.
The persuasive communication of Instagram influencers to promote tourism in the Riviera Maya
Authors: Belén Rodríguez-Hidalgo Alma , Sixto-García José , Tamayo-Salcedo Ana Leticia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Destination management organizations are using influencer marketing to implement alliances with influencers to actively stimulate tourist visits. This study analyzes the tourism promotion strategy employed by the content creators hired by the Quintana Roo Tourism Promotion Council to promote the Riviera Maya in Mexico.

Methods

Using a mixed methodology approach and drawing on the functionalist paradigm of communication, the content of the publications is examined.

Results and discussion

The results show that the physical appearance and communication skills of influencers have an impact on tourists’ travel intentions. Moreover, the analysis concludes that the motivation conveyed by the influencer shapes the reception of the message.
Development and validation of rapid eDNA detection method for yellow mud turtle, Kinosternon flavescens: a field study in South Texas, USA
Authors: Rishan Sakib Tahmid , Kline Richard J. , Rahman Md Saydur
Published: January 2025

The conservation of freshwater turtle species depends on precise and effective monitoring techniques. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a potential method for identifying cryptic and elusive turtle species in aquatic ecosystems. eDNA analysis can help to identify key regions for conservation efforts and monitor changes in population levels over time. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a rapid eDNA detection method for the yellow mud turtle (Kinosternon flavescens, an indicator species that is endangered in some states in the USA), which inhabits local oxbow lakes (e.g., resacas) in Cameron County, South Texas. A species-specific nested PCR assay was designed to enhance the detection of yellow mud turtle species. Water samples were collected from five locations within Cameron County for the detection of yellow mud turtle eDNA. Our results revealed the presence of yellow mud turtles in two out of the five surveyed locations. Our study shows great potential for eDNA monitoring for yellow mud turtle species. This study also provides insights on using eDNA monitoring to protect yellow mud turtle species and recommendations for future research and conservation initiatives.
Associations between physical activity and heart disease among middle-aged and older Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yuan Chaoqun , Chen Tong , Zhou Linlin , Zhu Gengyin , Chen Yu
Published: January 2025

Objective

To quantify the risk of heart diseases (HD) and determine the relationship between physical activity (PA) dimensions and HD among Chinese middle-aged and older individuals.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2018), 16,927 participants were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association between HD risk and PA dimensions, including volume, intensity, frequency, and duration. Restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to assess the dose-response relationship between PA and HD risk.

Results

Compared to the least active participants, a low risk of HD was significantly associated with a higher PA volume. With regards to frequency, a lower HD risk was associated with performing vigorous PA except for 3–5 days/week. The frequency and duration of light as well as moderate PA had no significant associations with HD risk after adjusted by using covariates. A non-linear association was also noted, with increased PA being associated with decreased HD risk, with steeper reductions in HD risk at low activity levels than at high activity levels. There was a non-linear association between PA and HD risk in participants in male and aged older than 65 years.

Conclusions

An inverse non-linear dose-response association was detected between the total volume of PA and HD risk. As PA increased to 4,000 METs-min/week, HD risk in the overall population decreased by approximately 26%, while further increases in PA did not produce any further marked reduction in the risk. A vigorous intensity of PA was associated with a reduced risk of HD and is strongly recommended.
Predicting the risk of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction using an interpretable machine learning model
Authors: Lin Qingqing , Zhao Wenxiang , Zhang Hailin , Chen Wenhao , Lian Sheng , Ruan Qinyun , Qu Zhaoyang , Lin Yimin , Chai Dajun , Lin Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Background

Early prediction of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is essential for personalized treatment. We aimed to use interpretable machine learning (ML) methods to develop a risk prediction model for HF in AMI patients.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients initially with AMI who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from November 2016 to February 2020. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of HF within 3 years after operation. For developing a predictive model for HF risk in AMI patients, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Regression was used to feature selection, and four ML algorithms including Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR) were employed to develop the model on the training set. The performance evaluation of the prediction model was carried out on the training set and the testing set, utilizing metrics including AUC (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). In addition, we used the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) value to determine the importance of the selected features and interpret the optimal model.

Results

A total of 1220 AMI patients were included and 244 (20%) patients developed HF during follow-up. Among the four evaluated ML models, the XGBoost model exhibited exceptional accuracy, with an AUC value of 0.922. The SHAP method showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were identified as the three most important characteristics to predict HF risk in AMI patients. Individual risk assessment was performed using SHAP plots and waterfall plot analysis.

Conclusions

Our research demonstrates the potential of ML methods in the early prediction of HF risk in AMI patients. Furthermore, it enhances the interpretability of the XGBoost model through SHAP analysis to guide clinical decision-making.
“Pharmacological” analysis of atrial fibrillation maintenance mechanism: reentry, wavelets, or focal?
Authors: Burashnikov Alexander
Published: January 2025

The primary electrophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance is poorly defined. AF mapping studies readily record focal activations (defining them as focal sources or breakthroughs) and “incomplete reentries” (defining them as reentries or would-be-reentries) but do not or rarely detect complete circular activations. Electrophysiological alterations induced by anti-AF drugs before AF cardioversion may help delineate the mechanism of AF maintenance. Cardioversion of AF by antiarrhythmic drugs is associated with prolongation of the AF cycle length and temporal excitable gap (t-EG), resulting in improvement in AF organization (AF-org), and with or without alterations in the refractory period, conduction velocity and wavelength. Such electrophysiological pattern is conceivable with termination of a single focal source but not a single reentry (Class III agents do not increase reentrant t-EG). Yet, a single focal source and multiple focal sources are plausible as the primary mechanism of AF maintenance prior drug administration. Improvement in AF-org caused by anti-AF agents before AF cardioversion is coherent with simultaneous multiple random reentries and wavelets. However, simultaneous multiple reentries are unlikely to occur regularly (most of the contemporary AF mapping studies report either a single reentry at a time or no reentry at all), and the ability of random wavelets to maintain AF is speculative. The conducted analysis inclines toward the focal source as the primary mechanism of AF maintenance.