bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Feature-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Photophysical Properties of BODIPY Compounds: Density Functional Theory and Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship Modeling
Authors: Casanola-Martin Gerardo M. , Wang Jing , Zhou Jiange , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: October 2024

Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) compounds have unique photophysical properties and have been applied in fluorescence imaging, sensing, optoelectronics, and beyond. In order to design effective BODIPY compounds, it is crucial to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between the structures of BODIPY and the corresponding photoproperties. In the present study, DFT/TDDFT was applied to optimize structures of the studied BODIPY models and to obtain their absorpton spectrum. Based upon the theoretical computaional results, machine learning-based Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (ML/QSPR) model was employed for predicting the maximum absorption wavelength (λ) of BODIPY compounds by combining hand-crafted molecular descriptors (MD) and Explainable Machine Learning (EML) techniques. A dataset of 131 BODIPY compounds with their experimental photophysical properties, was used to generate a diverse set of molecular descriptors capturing information about size, shape, connectivity and other structural features of these compounds. Then a genetic algorithm (GA) wrapper with Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) algorithm was performed. Fifteen molecular descriptors were identified to be strongly correlated with the maximum absorption wavelength. The developed ML/QSPR model exhibited good predictive performance, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.945 for the training set and 0.734 for the test set, demonstrating robustness and reliability. A posterior analysis of some of the selected descriptors in the model provided insights into the structural features that influence BODIPY compound properties, meanwhile it also emphasizes the importance of molecular branching, size, and specific functional groups. Our work shows that it is plausible for the machine learning approaches to screen the BODIPY compounds and design novel structures with enhanced performance of absorption spectra.
A polygenic score for height identifies an unmeasured genetic predisposition among pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature
Authors: Shelley John P. , Shi Mingjian , Peterson Josh F. , Driest Sara L. Van , Simmons Jill H. , Mosley Jonathan D.
Published: October 2024

Background
A subset of children with short stature do not have an identified clinical explanation and are assigned a diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS). We hypothesized that a polygenic score for height (PGSheight) could identify children with ISS who have an unrecognized heritable predisposition to shorter height.
Methods
We examined 534 pediatric participants in an EHR-linked DNA biobank (BioVU) who had undergone an evaluation for short stature by an endocrinologist. We used a previously validated PGSheight and standardized it to a standard deviation (SDS) of 1. PGSheight differences between short stature subtypes was estimated using Tukey’s HSD. The PGSheight and mid-parental height (MPH) were then used to predict adult heights for each participant and these predictions were compared using Cohen’s d stratifying by short stature subtype. The ability of the PGSheight to discriminate between ISS and short stature due to underlying disease was evaluated using logistic regression models with area under the ROC curve (AUC) analyses and testing the incremental benefit (ΔAUC) of adding the PGSheight to prediction models.
Results
Among the 534 participants, 22.1% had ISS (median [IQR] PGSheight SDS = -1.31 [-2.15 to -0.47]), 6.6% had familial (genetic) short stature (FSS) (-1.62 [-2.13 to -0.54]), and 45.1% had short stature due to underlying pathology (-0.74 [-1.23 to -0.19]). Children with ISS had similar PGSheight values as those with FSS (ΔPGSheight [95% CI] = 0.19 [-0.31 to 0.70], p = 0.75), but predicted heights generated by the PGSheight were lower than the MPH estimate for children with ISS (d = -0.64; p = 4.0×10− 18) but not FSS (d = 0.05; p = 0.46), suggesting that MPH underestimates height in the ISS group. Children with ISS had lower PGSheight values than children with pathology (ΔPGSheight = -0.60 SDS [-0.89 to -0.31], p < 0.001), suggesting children with ISS have a larger predisposition to shorter height. In addition, the PGSheight improved model discrimination between ISS and pathologic short stature (ΔAUC, + 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.11]).
Conclusions
Some children with ISS have a clinically unrecognized polygenic predisposition to shorter height that is comparable to children with FSS and larger than those with underlying pathology. A PGSheight could help clinicians identify children who have a benign predisposition to shorter height.
CD44 on cancer stem cell is a potential immunological and prognostic pan-cancer biomarker
Authors: Zhu Yajuan , Zhang Zhuoyuan , Yang Shan Shan , Du Yang , Liu Jiyan
Published: October 2024

Background
CD44, a widespread cancer stem cell marker, displayed a vital participation in the cancer immune invasion and may related with the response to the immunotherapy. However, the role of CD44 in cancer immunology is not well defined. Therefore, we intended to explore the prognostic value and the potential immunological functions in 33 human cancer types.
Methods
Based on the data of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, Sangerbox was used to analyze the correlations between CD44 expression and tumor-infiltrated immune cells, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigens in human cancers.
Results
We found that elevated CD44 is associated with tumor stage and prognosis in different cancers. GSEA results showed that upregulated CD44 involved in cancer stem cell associated process, antigen processing and presentation, and immune response, including immune cell proliferation and activation. Furthermore, CD44 plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment and participates in immune regulation. The correlation of CD44 gene expression and infiltration levels of most immune cells differed according to the caner types. Notably, the upregulation of CD44 expression is correlated notably positively with Treg, macrophages M1 and M2 in most analyzed cancers, especially in testicular germ cell tumor. Furthermore, we further verified the effect of CD44 on tumor growth and immune microenvironment in mouse xenografted with shRNA-CD44 MC38. Moreover, DNA methylation existed in CD44 expression and associated with dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes via different mechanisms, thus resulting in tissue-dependent prognoses.
Conclusion
CD44 may serve as a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in various malignant tumors. Moreover, CD44 could be a novel target for tumor immunotherapy.
Desmoid fibromatosis following surgery of an intradural spinal lipoma in a young cat
Authors: Casoy Yarden Lamy , Barnoon Itay , Sr Itay , Zafrani Asher , Oren Stephanie , Tabaran Flaviu Alexander , Einhorn Anat , Liesche-Starnecker Friederike , Brenner Ori , Matiasek Kaspar
Published: October 2024

Background: Intradural lipomas have been previously reported in individuals with spinal dysraphism; however, they have not been reported in cats with an intact spinal canal. Desmoid tumors are a rare finding in veterinary medicine, and there is no prior description of these tumors invading the spinal cord. Furthermore, the etiopathogenesis remains debated, with trauma, such as surgical intervention of an intradural structure, potentially contributing to its development.
Case description: A 10-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented initially with progressive proprioceptive ataxia. The MRI identified an intradural compressive lesion at the cranio-cervical junction, confirmed as a lipoma by histopathology. Despite surgical removal, postoperative complications led to the cat's euthanasia. Postmortem examination revealed invasion of a desmoid tumor at the surgical site.
Conclusions: This case highlights the rarity of intradural lipomas in this location and the unusual complication of desmoid tumor invasion. It underscores the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for similar cases and suggests that these findings may be added to the list of potential post-surgical complications.
The study of the relationship between physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester of pregnancy: A dose-response analysis with the restricted cubic spline model
Authors: Zhang Liuwei , Zuo Liping , Sun Shengjun , Ren Yijia , Gao Yi , Zhang Xiaoyan , Sun Lichao
Published: October 2024

Background
Previous studies have established a connection between physical activity (PA) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, evidence regarding the dose-response relationship remains limited. This study aims to investigate the dose-response relationship between PA and GDM during the second trimester of pregnancy.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Beijing Changping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine from August 2018 to October 2019. A total of 476 pregnant women, between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation, were enrolled in the study. Participants were categorized into a GDM group (n = 84) and a control group (n = 392) based on the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. General information, PA, and dietary data were collected through validated questionnaires. PA levels and daily dietary energy intake (DDEI) were calculated using standard methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 and R 4.2.1 software. The dose-response analysis was conducted, and optimal cut-off values of PA for the prevention of GDM were determined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Additionally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to validate the identified cut-off values.
Results
(1) Compared to the control group, levels of total PA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and walking PA were significantly lower (p < 0.05). (2) Non-linear dose-response relationships were identified between total PA, MVPA, and walking PA and the risk of GDM (p < 0.001), with optimal cut-off values established at 1714 MET-min/w, 638 MET-min/w, and 1098 MET-min/w, respectively. (3) Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of GDM significantly decreased as PA levels surpassed the established cut-off values (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
A non-linear dose-response relationship exists between PA and GDM during the second trimester of pregnancy. The risk of GDM diminishes as PA levels increase, suggesting that effective prevention of GDM may require achieving adequate levels of PA.
Memory T cell subsets expressing tissue homing receptors and chemokine levels in human tegumentary leishmaniasis
Authors: Pimentel Julia , Bustos María Fernanda García , Ragone Paula , Marco Jorge Diego , Barroso Paola , Mesías Andrea , Basombrío Mercedes , Occhionero María , Ramos Federico , Laucella Susana , Brandán Cecilia Pérez , Parodi Cecilia
Published: October 2024

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) presents two main clinical forms: cutaneous (CL) and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis affecting skin and nasopharyngeal mucosa. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved in TL outcomes and the recruitment of lymphocytes expressing specific chemokine receptors and their ligands might play a major role in this scenario. The expression of CLA, CCR4, CCR6, CCR3 and CCR10 was up- regulated on total CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes when mucosal involvement was present. Besides, ML patients showed higher frequencies of effector memory/terminal effector T cells expressing skin (CLA, CCR4, CCR10) and mucosal (CCR6) chemokine receptors while only effector memory CD4+ T cells expressing skin homing receptors (CLA and CCR4) were increased in CL patients. A distinct modulation of CCL17 and CCL20 was observed depending on the clinical form in TL, but neither CL nor ML patients demonstrated an association between these chemokines and the duration of their lesions. Finally, we provided support for the role of Leishmania spp. in the modulation of chemokines by in vitro down-regulation of CCL17. As a result, our findings highlight the predominant role of effector memory T cell subsets with specific homing patterns in CL and markedly in ML cases, underscoring their potential pathogenic influence. These findings might guide future studies aimed at targeting relevant chemokine receptors to mitigate disease severity.
Difference in Healthcare Resource Utilization and Health-Related Quality of Life between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) in a Public Hospital in Malaysia – A Retrospective Case-Note Review and Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Lee Kenneth Kwing Chin , Mohamed Nik Nur Eliza , Aziz Salina Abdul , Nazri Duratul’ain Mohamad , Malek Akramul Zikri Abdul , Lim Jing-Sheng , Aftab Raja Ahsan , Thanimalai Subramaniam , Swaminathan Meyyammai , Sellappans Renukha
Published: October 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is emerging as a common disease globally, therefore it is important to assess its economic impact on the national budget. A major contributing factor with cost implication is due to non-responsiveness towards initial treatment for MDD, resulting in progression to treatment resistant depression (TRD). Recently, National Health and Morbidity Survey 2023 had reported an increasing prevalence of depression within the Malaysian population. A cohort of 286 patients diagnosed with MDD or TRD was recruited from Psychiatry and Mental Health Clinic of Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) and was retrospectively studied for 18 months. This study adopted a combined retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted from both a government and societal perspective. Results show that MDD patients were more likely to be in the lowest income range. Patients with TRD have significantly higher odds of outpatient resource utilization, including a 5-fold increase in the likelihood of having more than 10 consultation sessions (p = 0.035), and increased use of second-generation antipsychotics (p < 0.001). The average healthcare cost per patient is higher for those with TRD than for MDD (RM1,845 vs RM839 respectively, 1 Ringgit Malaysia (RM) = USD 0.22 approx.) over a period of 18 months suggesting that a 55% (or RM1,006) reduction in healthcare spending is possible if an MDD patient is prevented from progressing to TRD by proper treatment. In conclusion, appropriate care is of utmost importance to reduce the progression of MDD to TRD which would otherwise require significantly higher healthcare resource utilisation. The study highlights the need for adequate resource allocation for the early management of MDD and prevent progression to TRD.
Constructing a novel prognostic model of gastric cancer related to mitochondrial membrane permeability change-driven necrosis based on single cell and bulk transcriptome
Authors: Gan Xinli , Cheng Huaifu , Ma Ning , Wang Zhonglin , Mao Zhongqi
Published: October 2024

Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, with a late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis (MPTDN) is often associated with cancer, while its mechanism in GC is unclear.Methods A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset GSE183904, and two mRNA profile datasets TCGA-stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and GSE62254 were downloaded from the online databases. After a series of analyses of GSE183904, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different proportions of cells (DCs) were selected between GC and controls for further analysis, namely DC-DEGs. The DEGs between STAD and normal controls (STAD-DEGs) were screened, and then highly correlated modules with MPTDN-related genes (MPTDN-RGs) were obtained by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, DC-DEGs, STAD-DEGs, and module genes were overlapped as candidate genes. The prognostic genes were selected via the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model, and the prognostic risk model was constructed and verified. Then, the immune cell infiltrations and Immunotherapy response were conducted. Later, pseudotime analyses were performed to explore key cell evolution trajectories. Furthermore, the clinic specimens were collected to perform qPCR analysis.Results Epithelial cells and Tissue stem cells were obtained as DCs, and 1,592 DC-DEGs were identified between GC and normal controls. After the overlapping of 2,238 STAD-DEGs, 1,592 DC-DEGs, and 3,832 module genes, a total of 112 candidate genes were determined. Then, 4 prognostic genes (GPX3, CD36, VCAN, and SERPINE1) were identified the risk model was constructed on this basis. Afterward, risk score, age, and N categories were screened as the independent prognostic factors to construct a nomogram model, which could effectively predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of STAD patients. Subsequently, Endothelial cells and Tissue stem cells differentiated in normal control were less than those of GC. Finally, Moreover, the qPCR revealed that the expression of GPX3 and CD36 was reduced in GC tumor tissues.Conclusion Overall GPX3, CD36, VCAN, and SERPINE1 could be potential therapeutic targets to diagnose and treat GC. Tissue stem cells were key cells in GC patients and provided strong support for further understanding of GC.
3-D Reconstruction Framework for Tree Roots based on Permittivity Inversion and Feature-Matching Interpolation
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhao Xuan , Zhou Boyang , Lin Chen , Wen Jian
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims The structure of tree root systems is crucial for their growth, health, and stability. However, traditional methods for detecting root systems commonly face challenges such as computational complexity, low precision, and inadequate imaging visualization. This study proposes a method for the 3-D reconstruction of tree root systems, utilizing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data coupled with deep learning-based inversion of 2-D permittivity distributions and feature-matching interpolation. Methods Our approach involves the inversion of 2-D permittivity distributions from GPR scan data using deep learning techniques to obtain cross-sectional parameter information of the root systems. We enhance the imaging accuracy of root identification through cluster analysis and threshold segmentation. Furthermore, by integrating target root detection, parameter calculation, and feature-matching interpolation, we reconstruct the 3-D structure of the root systems. Results In the test of simulated data, the method proposed in this paper shows smooth results in interpolation reconstruction and matches the actual values to a high degree. In the validation of actual data, FMIR successfully reconstructed the 3D dielectric constant model of the tree root system with larger diameters in the four main regions, and the reconstructed tree root system was in good agreement with the actual excavated root system. Conclusion The effectiveness and accuracy of this method in reconstructing 3-D permittivity models of tree root systems are validated through simulated and actual testing data experiments. It offers new possibilities for research and applications in root structure analysis.
Identification of groundwater Potential Areas Using GIS and MCDM in arid and Semi-Arid Regions (Case Study: Nayband in Iran)
Authors: Faizabad Amir Khazai- , Pourreza-Bilondi Mohsen , Mohajeri Shahrooz , Besalatpour Aliasghar
Published: October 2024

Groundwater is an important and essential resource in dry and semi-arid regions, as well as in areas with restricted access to surface waters. Global water demand has increased significantly in recent years, largely due to industrial growth, population growth, and shifts in lifestyle and consumption habits. At present, groundwater is a primary source of freshwater, making up around 34% of the total annual global water supply. Water harvesting is a critical and essential part in infrastructure and economic projects, requiring significant investment. Therefore, it is vital to assess this issue for the sustainable management of groundwater systems. Since groundwater operates dynamically, it is essential to employ Geographic Information System (GIS) in the development and management of groundwater. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) analysis including commonly used types such as AHP, is an effective technique in this regard. The main objective of this study is to locate potential groundwater areas in Nayband Plain, Tabas County, using GIS and multi-criteria decision-making analysis. The fuzzy-AHP method was employed to create the groundwater potential map. Various features such as slope, geomorphology, soil characteristics, lineaments, land cover type, precipitation and river distance were used to generate the groundwater potential map. Pairwise comparison of criteria and expert opinions were utilized to assign scores and weights to each groundwater potential criterion. Subsequently, the criteria were categorized, and weights were assigned to each category. Using these weights, final maps were generated using ArcMap 10.8 software. The level of groundwater access in the region was qualitatively classified into five categories: very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. To validate the generated map, data from 10 wells, 3 qanats, and 4 springs in the Nayband region were utilized. In conclusion, the comparison of the final map with the distribution of wells, springs, and qanats indicates that this method exhibits high accuracy in this area and contributes to the analysis of the groundwater potential of the region.
The relationship between disease perception, self-efficacy, coping style and self-regulatory fatigue in old adults patients with hypertension:A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Tingting , Zhang Jianfang , Feng Qi , Teng Jinfeng , Yan Weian
Published: October 2024

Purpose:The old adults patients with hypertension need long-term self-control to maintain their blood pressure levels and delay the development of the disease. In the long run, the patient's self-control ability will be worn down, resulting in self-regulatory fatigue.However, no studies have shown the relationship between disease perception, self-efficacy,coping style, and self-regulatory fatigue.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between disease perception, self-efficacy,coping style and self-regulatory fatigue in old adults patients with hypertension.
Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 416 old adults patients with hypertension in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning Province by convenience sampling method.The general demographic questionnaire, brief illness perception questionnaire,general self-efficacy scale,medical coping modes questionnaire and self-regulatory fatigue scale were used to investigate.The mediation effect was analyzed by Amos23.0 software.
Results:Disease perception, avoidance, and acceptance-resignation can directly act positively on self-regulatory fatigue, while self-efficacy and confrontation can directly act negatively on self-regulatory fatigue. Disease perception can act on self-regulatory fatigue through the chain mediating effect between self-efficacy, confrontation, avoidance, and acceptance-resignation.
Conclusion:The old adults patients with hypertension had higher self-regulatoryfatigue level.Disease perception, avoidance and acceptance-resignation were positively correlated with self-regulatory fatigue, reducing patients' negative emotions about disease and improving their confidence in disease treatment can reduce patients' self-regulatory fatigue.
Short-Term Outcomes of Improving Hydrostatic Pressures on Reducing Intussusception in Children
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Jian Ziwei , Huang Weicheng , Huang Beilei , Ye Fengguang , Chen Jinrong
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of increasing enema pressure on enema outcomes.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to compare the effect of increasing enema pressure on enema outcomes. The primary outcome was the success rate of reduction, while secondary outcomes included intestinal perforation and recurrence rate.
Results
From May 2017 to April 2021, a total of 531 intussusceptions in 499 patients (Group A 247 patients, Group B 252 patients) were collected. The overall success reduction rate was 97.00%. The success reduction rate in Group A was 99.20% (245/247) and 94.8% (239/252) in Group B (P = 0.004). The overall recurrence rate within 48 hours after the initial enema reduction was 8.02%, and beyond 48 hours was 6.41%. The recurrence rates within 48 hours and beyond 48 hours were 9.39% and 6.53% in group A and 7.11% and 6.69% in group B, respectively (P = 0.526). No complications were associated with the enema reduction procedure.
Conclusion
Our study has shown that using a hydrostatic pressure of 130 mmHg for enema reduction is both effective and safe, with a higher success rate and no increased risk of complications.
Study type:
Retrospective cohort study
Level of evidence:
Therapeutic study, III
Comparison of Factors and Effects of Repeated vs. Acute Ischemic Preconditioning on Enhancing Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Long , He Zhanyang , Zheng Zhe , Pan Huiju , Zhu Houwei
Published: October 2024

Background Repeated ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to significantly improve endothelial function, but its effect on enhancing athletic performance remains highly controversial. On the other hand, acute ischemic preconditioning (AIPC) has already been proven to enhance athletic performance. Similar to AIPC, factors such as exercise modality, dosage, training status, and timing of testing are crucial influences on the final effects of RIPC, yet related studies exhibit considerable disagreement. Moreover, the comparison between the effects of repeated ischemic preconditioning and acute ischemic preconditioning has yet to be further clarified.
Objective The primary aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate whether RIPC truly enhances athletic performance while considering exercise modality, dosage, the training status of the tested population, and the timing of observation. It also seeks to compare the effects of RIPC and AIPC on enhancing athletic performance.
Methods A literature search was conducted in five databases. For each outcome, standard error and mean difference or standardized mean difference were calculated. A random-effects model (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used, and analysis was performed using the inverse variance statistical method. The risk of bias was assessed using ROB2 and considerations for randomized controlled trials.
Results RIPC had a small beneficial effect on athletic performance (p = 0.02; SMD = 0.33; 95% CI 0.06–0.60). Regarding exercise modality, RIPC had a small beneficial effect on anaerobic exercise (p = 0.05; SMD = 0.48; 95% CI 0.00–0.97), but no improvement for aerobic exercise (p = 0.12; SMD = 0.26; 95% CI -0.07–0.59). A dosage of RIPC lasting one week or longer was effective (p = 0.006; SMD = 0.37; 95% CI 0.01–0.75). The time interval between RIPC and the start of exercise did not affect the benefit (p > 0.05). RIPC had a greater impact on enhancing athletic performance in the general population (p = 0.06; SMD = 0.36; 95% CI -0.01–0.73; p = 0.001; SMD = 1.03; 95% CI 0.41–1.65) compared to athletes (p > 0.05). The benefit of RIPC compared to AIPC remains unclear (p = 0.1; SMD = 0.22; 95% CI -0.05–0.49).
Conclusion RIPC can effectively improve anaerobic exercise performance and is influenced by RIPC dosage and the training level of the subjects. RIPC dosage lasting one week or longer is most effective in untrained populations and can be observed at any time. However, there are certain limitations in current research, such as the small number of studies available for analysis, and there is insufficient evidence to determine whether repeated or acute IPC application is more effective. Further research is needed to supplement these findings.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42024579390
Hyperkalemia of 10.1 mmol/L without Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in a Patient with Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report
Authors: Mendoza-Razo Luis Eduardo , Domínguez-López José Alberto , Díaz-Sánchez Bryan Omar
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition that can lead to electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrest; to prevent and treat hyperkalemia, it is necessary to understand the underlying causes and correctly interpret the symptoms. The four most common causes of hyperkalemia are renal dysfunction, drugs that alter potassium secretion in the distal tubule, high dietary intake of potassium and increased potassium release from cells; on trauma patients the rhabdomyolysis is a leading cause of hyperkalemia.
Case presentation
This case involves a 36-year-old male patient who suffered severe trauma from a high-speed vehicle accident, resulting in multiple injuries and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3/15. Initial assessment revealed critical airway compromise and significant hemodynamic instability. Laboratory tests indicated extreme hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 10.1 mmol/L and elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, leading to a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Notably, the patient exhibited no electrocardiographic changes typically associated with hyperkalemia. Emergency interventions included intubation, fluid resuscitation, and urgent hemodialysis, which successfully normalized potassium and CK levels over time.
Conclusions
This report emphasizes the importance of prompt recognition and management of hyperkalemia in trauma patients, highlighting a multidisciplinary approach to prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.
Anti-radar based on metasurface
Authors: Cui Tie Jun , Sun Zongzheng , Zhang Lei , Chen Xiao Qing , Xu Hong , Xiao Guoyao , Zheng Yi Ning , Wu Yaojun , Liu Zhixing , Fu Haosheng , Zhou Xiaoyang , Chen Zhanye , Chen Hui , Quan Yinghui
Published: October 2024

In advanced multi-static radar (MSR), multidimensional information from target’s echo signals is gathered by multiple receivers to achieve precise target position by using diverse localization algorithms. Owing to its efficient target localization and tracking capability, MSR has found wide applications in transportation, military, aviation and aerospace. The multi-static nature of MSR also makes it difficult for countering. Here, we propose an anti-radar methodology based on space-time-coding metasurface (STCM) for countering MSR. Affixed to the target to be detected, STCM is modulated to dynamically alter the echo signals received by all receivers. This modulation can simultaneously control the space- and frequency-domain characteristics of the echo signals, thwarting the functionality of MSR. To validate the methodology, we develop a prototype of STCM-based anti-MSR system and successfully demonstrate its capability to neutralize various MSR technologies. The proposed method is expected to find applications in anti-MSR to avoid the target detection in scenarios requiring facility concealment, military operations, and security protection.
PGLYRP-1 mediated intracellular peptidoglycan detection promotes mucosal protection
Authors: Reinecker Hans-Christian , Chen Shuyuan , Putnik Rachel , Li Xi , Diwaker Alka , Vasconcelos Marina , Liu Shuzhen , Zhou Junhui , Guo Lei , Xu Lin , Temme J. Sebastian , Bersch Klare , Hyland Stephen , Yin Jianyi , Burstein Ezra , Gildersleeve Jeffrey , Grimes Catherine
Published: October 2024

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs or PGLYRPs) are implicated in the control of the intestinal microbiota; however, molecular requirements for peptidoglycan (PGN) binding and receptor signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. We identified PGLYRP-1 as a receptor for the disaccharide motif of lysine N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic tripeptide (GMTriP-K) with a newly constructed PGN microarray. Surprisingly, PGLYRP-1 was required for innate immune activation of macrophages by GMTriP-K but not N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic dipeptide (GMDiP) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). In macrophages, intracellular PGLYRP-1 complexed with NOD2 and GEF-H1, both of which were required for GMTriP-K-regulated gene expression. PGLYRP-1 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and interacted at the Golgi with NOD2 upon GMTriP-K stimulation. PGLYRP-1 upregulation and its dependent gene expression signatures were induced in both mouse intestinal inflammation and human ulcerative colitis. Importantly, PGLYRP-1 activation by GMTriP-K resulted in innate immune activation and protection of mice from colitis. Our results show that PGLYRPs can function as intracellular PGN pattern recognition receptors for the control of host defense responses in the intestine.
Personalized Tourism Recommendation Model Based on Temporal Multilayer Sequential Neural Network
Authors: Xiao XueFei , Li ChunHua , Wang XingJie , Zeng AnPing
Published: October 2024

Personalized tourism has recently become an increasingly popular mode of travel. Effective personalized route recommendations must consider numerous complex factors, including the vast historical trajectory of tourism, individual traveler preferences, and real-time environmental conditions. However, the large temporal and spatial spans of trajectory data pose significant challenges to achieving high relevance and accuracy in personalized route recommendation systems. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a personalized tourism route recommendation model, the Temporal Multilayer Sequential Neural Network (TMS-Net). TMS-Net mitigates issues related to large temporal spans by introducing a fixed-length trajectory segmentation method. Additionally, it integrates a self-attention mechanism with relative positional information to preserve correlations between travel routes. The multilayer Long Short-Term Memory neural network enhances the ability of the model to identify tourist points of interest, thereby improving the relevance of the recommendations. The TMS-Net model was trained on over six million trajectory data points from Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, spanning January 2016 to December 2022. The experimental results indicated that the optimal trajectory segmentation interval ranged from 0.8–1.2 h. The model achieved a recommendation accuracy of 88.6% and a Haversine distance error of 1.23, demonstrating its ability to accurately identify tourist points of interest and provide highly relevant recommendations. This study demonstrates the potential of TMS-Net to improve personalized tourism experiences significantly and offers new methodological insights for personalized travel recommendations.
WITHDRAWN: Configuration Paths for High-Quality Development of Listed Companies Basedon the TOE Framework: Evidence from China's high- and new-technologyenterprises
Authors: Qian Min , Yang Jiameng
Published: October 2024

In the context of dual-carbon goals, high-quality development has become an inevitable trend for technology enterprises. This study employs a dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, based on the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework theory, and a configurational analysis perspective. Using panel data from Chinese listed high- and new-technology enterprises from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, this study explores the combinatorial paths that drive high-quality development. The research findings are as follows: (1) The antecedent factors for high-quality development exhibit "multiple concurrent" characteristics, and a single condition does not constitute a necessary condition. (2) Based on the five driving paths for high-quality development, three models can be summarized under the synergistic effects of different antecedent conditions: "multi-factor influence type,” "green innovation-led type,” and "digital technology-driven type.” Regardless of the path, R&D investment and enterprise scale are indispensable driving factors. (3) Under specific objective endowment conditions, when enterprise executives possess a high level of green cognition, they can compensate for inadequate digital transformation, market competition, and environmental regulations. Therefore, enterprises need to enhance scale and R&D investment, based on existing endowments, and shift from a single-factor influence concept to a comprehensive selection approach.
New Structure of Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Three Winding Coupled Inductor with High Gain Capability Featuring Integrated Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Aghakhanlou Pouneh , Falahi Fatemeh , Nadermohammadi Ali , Sarikhan Hasan , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Roostami Naghi , Sabahi Mehran
Published: October 2024

This research presents an innovative design for a non-isolated DC-DC converter, which utilizes a single switch in a high step-up configuration. The key element of this design is a three-winding coupled inductor (TWCI), which plays a crucial role in achieving a substantial voltage increase. By utilizing a low duty cycle, the converter minimizes conduction losses in the power switch, resulting in enhanced efficiency. The converter offers several benefits, including reduced voltage stress on both power switches and diodes, a common ground, high efficiency, a simple structure and control mechanism, and fewer components. The study thoroughly examines the converter's operational modes and provides a comparison with other types of converters to highlight its distinctive characteristics. To validate the converter’s performance, a 400W prototype was developed and tested in the lab, operating with a 20V input, a 260V output, and a switching frequency of 50 kHz.
Study on the Effects of Winter Irrigation during Seasonal Freezing-Thawing Period on Soil Microbial Ecological Properties
Authors: Yang YueFa , WANG Chunxia , HE Xinlin , WANG Hongxin , WANG Yuan , ZHOU Fangyuan , QIN Da , FAN Zikang
Published: October 2024

Background and aims
The seasonal freeze-thaw period is a critical time for restoring soil fertility. Winter irrigation during this period alters soil moisture in agricultural fields, which in turn affects the soil's temperature, nutrients, and microbial factors within the soil micro-environment. Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil nitrogen fixation. Investigating the changes in soil microbial communities during the seasonal freeze-thaw period under winter irrigation conditions can help further understand the regulatory mechanisms of winter irrigation on the soil microenvironment.The experimental micro-areas were selected at the Irrigation Experiment Station of Shihezi University. Methods Based on soil moisture conditions, winter irrigation quotas of 0, 45, 90, and 135 mm were established. Soil samples were collected according to the seasonal freeze-thaw process in the experimental area, and measurements were taken for soil moisture, temperature, salinity, nutrients, as well as the quantity and diversity indices of soil bacteria and fungi. Using single-factor correlation and principal component analysis, the interactions between soil microbial indicators and their influencing factors under winter irrigation conditions were examined.
Results
The results indicate that winter irrigation during the seasonal freeze-thaw period not only alters the composition and metabolic capacity of microbial communities but also affects the interrelationships among microbial diversity indices, thereby impacting microbial stability.
Conclusions
Furthermore, a winter irrigation quota of 45 mm during the seasonal freeze-thaw period has multiple positive effects on the soil micro-environment, effectively promoting plant growth, improving soil health, and supporting the development of sustainable agriculture.
Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses reveals the effects of nano-selenium on pak choi
Authors: WANG Yanyan , SUN Peiheng , NIE Mingying , ZHAN Jianyun , HUANG Liu , WU Junda , HE Xiaowu , LI Na , HU Longsong , LIU Shiyu , YUAN Chengfu , ZHOU Changming , CHEN Guangjie , HUANG Jialong , LI Xiaofei
Published: October 2024

Selenium is an essential nutrient element for plants, and optimal selenium levels can enhance plant growth and metabolism while improving yield and quality. Suzhouqing serves as a significant source of selenium for human consumption. However, the effects of selenium-enriched culture and the underlying mechanisms of selenium accumulation in it remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the impact of varying concentrations of nano-selenium (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L− 1) on the growth and nutritional quality of Suzhouqing. The findings revealed that a low concentration (5 mg L− 1) of nano-selenium significantly increased leaf weight and total selenium content while modulating primary metabolites (soluble amino acids, proteins, sugars and ascorbic acid) as well as secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, phenolic acids and flavonoids), thereby enhancing both growth performance and nutritional quality. Furthermore, integrated metabolomics and transcriptomic analyses elucidated pathways involved in selenocompound metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis, including methionine S-methyltransferase, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase, kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase, thioredoxin reductase, phenylalanine ammonian-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase, naringenin 3-dioxygenase, flavonol synthase and bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase. These results elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms through which nano-selenium influences plant growth and nutritional quality, thus providing theoretical basis and technical support for breeding and cultivation of selenium-rich pak choi.
The sensory and affective dimensions of neuropathic pain engage distinct interneuron plasticity patterns and separate circuitries in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Authors: Kuner Rohini , Gan Zheng , Oswald Manfred , Naser Paul , Tan Linette , Beretta Carlo , Wang Lirong , Kaushalya Sanjeev , Sonntag Ivo , Zheng Hongwei , Kuner Thomas
Published: October 2024

Deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex, a key center for cognition and motivational actions, is a common feature of several chronic pain conditions. However, which precise circuits underlie deactivation and altered output in chronic pain in vivo is not adequately understood. Here, unbiased longitudinal multiphoton imaging of GABAergic interneuron activity in the rodent prelimbic cortex revealed sensitization in all classes of GABAergic interneurons and a phenotypic switch from unimodality to polymodality after nerve injury. Targeted circuit interrogation revealed that distinct interneuron classes subserve different functions in fostering neuropathic pain and uncovered novel functions for the thus far unstudied caudal geminal eminence-derived interneurons. Remarkably, the sensory and emotional components of neuropathic pain engaged separate prelimbic output circuits comprising distinct types of excitatory neurons and projections. These results explain how the medial prefrontal cortex guides motivated actions to avoid or overcome pain and how loss thereof upon prefrontal deactivation exacerbates neuropathic pain.
Type 2 Diabetes Prediction Method Based onDual-Teacher Knowledge Distillation and FeatureEnhancement
Authors: Zhao Jian , Gao Hanlin , Sun Lei , Shi Lijuan , Kuang Zhejun , Wang Haiyan
Published: October 2024

Diabetes prediction is a critical issue in healthcare, and early identification is particularly important as the number of peopleaffected by the disease continues to increase. Many patients fail to recognize their health problems in time, leading to latediagnosis, which in turn causes a large number of health problems and deaths every year. Therefore, it is crucial to developeffective methods for early diagnosis of diabetes.This study proposes a data preprocessing method that includes outlierremoval, missing value filling, and sparse autoencoder (SAE) feature enhancement. We propose a Dual-CNN Teacher-StudentDistillation Model (DCTSD-Model) for type 2 diabetes classification, aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of prediction.SAE is used to expand the variables of the original data and enhance the feature expression ability. The proposed CNN andDCTSD-Model models are evaluated using 10-fold cross validation on the feature-enhanced dataset.The results show that afterusing SAE feature enhancement, DCTSD-Model generates soft labels through knowledge distillation of the dual teacher model,helps the student model learn rich category information, and solves the category imbalance problem through the weightedrandom sampler. Experiments show that the accuracy of DCTSD-Model in classification tasks reaches 98.57%.This model issignificantly better than other models in terms of classification performance and reliability, providing an effective solution fordiabetes prediction and laying a solid foundation for future research and applications.
FABP4 as a critical mediator in osteoporosis: inhibition strategies and therapeutic potential
Authors: Xie Qian , Du Xiangfu , Liang Jianhui , Shen Yanni , Ling Yufan , Huang Zhengji , Ke Zekai , Li Tai , Song Bing , Wu Tailin , Wang Yan , Tao Hui-Ren
Published: October 2024

Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key lipid protein in metabolism and inflammation, has been suggested to be linked to osteoporosis (OP), though direct evidence is scarce. Here, we present the first clear evidence of FABP4's significant role in OP, supported by clinical data and comprehensive in vivo and in vitro experiments. Elevated serum FABP4 in OP patients inversely correlates with bone mineral density (BMD), with similar trends observed in OVX mice. While FABP4 does not influence osteoblast differentiation, it promotes osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403, with an IC50 of 0.89 µM, inhibits osteoclast differentiation by modulating calcium ions and suppressing the Ca2+-Calcineurin-NFATc pathway. Oral BMS309403 increased BMD in OVX mice, albeit less effectively than alendronate, whereas bone-targeted PLGA nanoparticles showed comparable efficacy to alendronate. This research identifies FABP4 as a promising therapeutic target for OP, with significant clinical implications.