bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shelf Life of Skulls: Anthropology and ‘race’ in the Vrolik Craniological Collection
Authors: de Rooy Laurens
Published: June 2023

The Vrolik ethnographical collection consisted of roughly 300 skulls, mummified heads, skeletons, pelvises, wet-preserved preparations, and plaster models, collected by Gerard Vrolik (1775–1859) and his son Willem (1801–1863). Most prominent in this collection were the skulls, of which 177 remain in the collection of present-day Museum Vrolik. These skulls—a troubling heritage of colonialism and scientific racism—are the central subjects of this paper, which considers the changing meanings and values of these skulls for racial science over approximately 160 years, between ± 1800 and 1960. These shifting meanings are analysed using the skulls themselves as primary sources, including the labels, numbers and handwriting present on them or their stands. Central topics addressed will be matters of classification, hierarchy, scientific bias, and disciplinary development of racial anthropology from the study and collection of idealized national types to a quantitative craniometry of populations. This paper demonstrates that during 160 years of study of this same set of crania, the skulls of white European origin gradually lost racial relevance and were increasingly normalized, whereas the skulls of dark-skinned people of African descent continued to be categorized in a typological racial scheme and as such were increasingly othered.
National-Level Schoolwork Pressure, Family Structure, Internet Use, and Obesity as Drivers of Time Trends in Adolescent Psychological Complaints Between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Boer M. , Cosma A. , Twenge J. M. , Inchley J. , Jeriček Klanšček H. , Stevens G. W. J. M.
Published: June 2023

Little is known about societal processes that contribute to changes in adolescent mental health problems. This study aims to fill this gap using data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study between 2002 and 2018 (ncountries = 43, nindividuals = 680,269, Mage = 14.52 (SD = 1.06), 51.04% female), supplemented with other international data. National-level psychological complaints increased more strongly among girls than boys. National-level schoolwork pressure, single-parent households, time spent on internet, and obesity were generally rising. In both boys’ and girls’ samples, increases in national-level schoolwork pressure, obesity, and time spent on internet use were independently associated with increases national-level psychological complaints. However, national-level obesity and psychological complaints were more strongly related among girls than boys. Results highlight the potential impact of societal-level processes on adolescent mental health problems.
Quantum geodesic flows and curvature
Authors: Beggs Edwin , Majid Shahn
Published: June 2023

We study geodesics flows on curved quantum Riemannian geometries using a recent formulation in terms of bimodule connections and completely positive maps. We complete this formalism with a canonical $$*$$

∗

operation on noncommutative vector fields. We show on a classical manifold how the Ricci tensor arises naturally in our approach as a term in the convective derivative of the divergence of the geodesic velocity field and use this to propose a similar object in the noncommutative case. Examples include quantum geodesic flows on the algebra of $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

matrices, fuzzy spheres and the q-sphere.
Ethnic Variation in Fertility Preferences in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wildeman Jet , Smits Jeroen , Schrijner Sandor
Published: June 2023

Research focusing on the role of ethnicity in shaping fertility preferences in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been largely restricted to small-scale studies within specific groups, regions or countries, which makes it difficult to gain insight into the overall effects of ethnicity on fertility in the region. This study provides a broad comparative analysis of the variation in preferred family size among ethnic groups covering the whole SSA subcontinent. The relationship between ethnicity and family size preferences is analyzed for 500,000 women from 181 ethnic groups in 24 sub-Saharan countries using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and via multilevel Poisson regression analyses. Fertility preferences vary considerably across ethnic groups. Major factors explaining this are gender-related cultural characteristics and educational level at the group level. Interaction analyses showed that the size and direction of these effects are moderated by the women’s individual characteristics. The findings make clear that someone’s ethnic background should be taken into account when looking at fertility patterns and designing policies aimed at changing fertility patterns in the SSA context.
High salt-induced PSI-supercomplex is associated with high CEF and attenuation of state transitions
Authors: Kalra Isha , Wang Xin , Zhang Ru , Morgan-Kiss Rachael
Published: June 2023

While PSI-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) and assembly of thylakoid supercomplexes have been described in model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, open questions remain regarding their contributions to survival under long-term stress. The Antarctic halophyte, C. priscuii UWO241 (UWO241), possesses constitutive high CEF rates and a stable PSI-supercomplex as a consequence of adaptation to permanent low temperatures and high salinity. To understand whether CEF represents a broader acclimation strategy to short- and long-term stress, we compared high salt acclimation between the halotolerant UWO241, the salt-sensitive model, C. reinhardtii, and a moderately halotolerant Antarctic green alga, C. sp. ICE-MDV (ICE-MDV). CEF was activated under high salt and associated with increased non-photochemical quenching in all three Chlamydomonas species. Furthermore, high salt-acclimated cells of either strain formed a PSI-supercomplex, while state transition capacity was attenuated. How the CEF-associated PSI-supercomplex interferes with state transition response is not yet known. We present a model for interaction between PSI-supercomplex formation, state transitions, and the important role of CEF for survival during long-term exposure to high salt.
Parents’ Gender Role Attitudes and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parental Involvement
Authors: Wang Iris Yili , Cheung Rebecca Y. M.
Published: June 2023

Parents’ gender role attitudes are pertinent to child adjustment. Importantly, parental involvement may help to explain the link between parents’ gender role attitudes and child adjustment. In this study, we investigated the differential contributions of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on child adjustment, with the quality of mother and father involvement as mediators. Given that parental involvement is gender-differentiated in the Chinese context, actor and partner effects of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on parental involvement were also examined. Participants were 211 maritally intact families from China, including mothers and fathers of children aged 4 to 7 years old. The findings based on structural equation modeling identified the actor and partner effects of fathers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes on a lower quality of mother and father involvement, whereas mothers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes were only related to a lower quality of mother involvement. Greater mother and father involvement was further associated with children’s greater prosocial behavior. The findings suggested the mediating role of the combined mother and father involvement between fathers’ gender role attitudes and children’s prosocial behavior. This study underscores the interdependent nature of mothers’ and fathers’ behavior on child adjustment. The findings inform researchers and practitioners of the importance of reducing both parents’ traditional gender role attitudes and enhancing the quality of parental involvement to foster child adjustment.
A nomogram to predict ventricular thrombus in dilated cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Li Xiao-Lei , Adi Dilare , Wu Yun , Aizezi Aibibanmu , Li Yan-Peng , Kerem Munawar , Wei Xian , liu Fen , Ma Xiang , Ma Yi-Tong
Published: June 2023

Background: VT (Ventricular Thrombus) is a serious complication of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our goal is to develop a nomogram for personalized prediction of incident VT in DCM patients. Methods: 1267 patients (52.87 ± 11.75 years old, 73.8% male) were analyzed retrospectively from January 01, 2015, to December 31, 2020. A nomogram model for VT risk assessment was established using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and its effectiveness was validated by internal guidance. The model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). We compared the performance in predicting VT between nomogram and CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2- VASc or ATRIA by AUC, akaike information criterion (AIC), bayesian information criterion (BIC), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI). Results: 89 patients (7.02%) experienced VT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), uric acid (UA), N-terminal precursor B-type diuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and D-dimer (DD) were important independent predictors of VT. The nomogram model correctly separates patients with and without VT, with an optimistic C score of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.90–0.94) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 11.51, P = 0.12). Our model showed improved prediction of VT compared to CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2-VASc or ATRIA (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: The novel nomogram demonstrated better than presenting scores and showed an improvement in predicting VT in DCM patients.
A study of the inter- and intra-operator variability on selected echocardiographic measurements in dogs
Authors: Ghilardi Sara , Pradelli Danitza , Rizzi Rita , Polli Michele , Bagardi Mara , Santilli Roberto A. , Brambilla Paola G. , Bussadori Claudio M.
Published: June 2023

Standard transthoracic echocardiography is considered the non-invasive gold standard for the diagnosis of most cardiac diseases. Defining reproducibility, repeatability, and reliability of this exam is imperative to reduce errors in clinical evaluations. The present study aimed at: (1) evaluating the reproducibility and repeatability of 15 echocardiographic parameters in dogs by analyzing measurements obtained from several operators with different levels of experience and comparing them to the ones obtained from two board-certified operators (gold standards - GSs); (2) assessing whether different formative paths have an influence on the variability of the echocardiographic measurements. Fifty-one operators have been included in this study, along with two diplomates of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Cardiology. Ten dogs were enrolled, 5 Golden Retrievers and 5 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Echocardiographic examination was performed on each dog by one GS and several operators on the same day. Results show the highest deviation from the GS and a poor inter-operator reproducibility for the M-mode measurements of the interventricular septum and the left ventricular free wall. Differently, M-mode-obtained internal diameters of the left ventricle in systole and diastole, and measurements of the aortic annulus and root show moderate to excellent intra- and inter-operator reliability and a good concordance with the GSs, demonstrating that all the operators correctly assess left ventricular systolic function and dilation, and evaluate the aortic valve. Furthermore, a specialist clinical activity, more than the acquired theoretical knowledge, affects the reliability of the echocardiographic examination by reducing the difference from the GS’ measurements.
Optimality of Maximal-Effort Vaccination
Authors: Penn Matthew J. , Donnelly Christl A.
Published: June 2023

It is widely acknowledged that vaccinating at maximal effort in the face of an ongoing epidemic is the best strategy to minimise infections and deaths from the disease. Despite this, no one has proved that this is guaranteed to be true if the disease follows multi-group SIR (Susceptible–Infected–Recovered) dynamics. This paper provides a novel proof of this principle for the existing SIR framework, showing that the total number of deaths or infections from an epidemic is decreasing in vaccination effort. Furthermore, it presents a novel model for vaccination which assumes that vaccines assigned to a subgroup are distributed randomly to the unvaccinated population of that subgroup. It suggests, using COVID-19 data, that this more accurately captures vaccination dynamics than the model commonly found in the literature. However, as the novel model provides a strictly larger set of possible vaccination policies, the results presented in this paper hold for both models.
Scientific Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jin , Liang Bin-yong , Zhang Er-lei , Zhang Zun-yi , Chen Xiao-ping , Huang Zhi-yong
Published: June 2023

With advances in imaging technology and surgical instruments, hepatectomy can be perfectly performed with technical precision for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the 5-year tumor recurrence rates remain greater than 70%. Thus, the strategy for hepatectomy needs to be reappraised based on insights of scientific advances. Scientific evidence has suggested that the main causes of recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC are mainly related to underlying cirrhosis and the vascular spread of tumor cells that basically cannot be eradicated by hepatectomy. Liver transplantation and systemic therapy could be the solution to prevent postoperative recurrence in this regard. Therefore, determining the severity of liver cirrhosis for choosing the appropriate surgical modality, such as liver transplantation or hepatectomy, for HCC and integrating newly emerging immune-related adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy into the strategy of hepatectomy for HCC have become new aspects of exploration to optimize the strategy of hepatectomy. In this new area, hepatectomy for HCC has evolved from a pure technical concept emphasizing anatomic resection into a scientific concept embracing technical considerations and scientific advances in underlying liver cirrhosis, vascular invasion, and systemic therapy. By introducing the concept of scientific hepatectomy, the indications, timing, and surgical techniques of hepatectomy will be further scientifically optimized for individual patients, and recurrence rates will be decreased and long-term survival will be further prolonged.
Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer at the Interface between Die Casting Molds and Additively Manufactured Cooling Inserts
Authors: Capela P. , Gomes I. V. , Lopes V. , Prior F. , Soares D. , Teixeira J. C.
Published: June 2023

The rate of heat transfer to the mold during solidification determines the cooling rate of castings, which significantly impacts their characteristics. The use of an insert produced by additive manufacturing in the mold, with appropriately designed cooling channels, enables adequate cooling control of the entire piece. This article investigates the heat transfer properties at the interface between two types of steel used for die casting molds (steel A) and additively manufactured cooling inserts (steel B). The study analyzed the impact of coolant water flow rate channel (215, 300, and 425 mL/min.) and contact pressure between the two types of steel (0, 15, and 30 bar) on the thermal behavior of the mold/insert assembly in both transient and steady states. The time constants of the system associated with the coolant flow rate transitions from 215 to 300 mL/min and from 215 to 425 mL/min were determined during the transient mode. The findings indicated that increasing the proximity of the cooling channel to the interface, coolant flow rate, and contact pressure resulted in a faster cooling response in the transient state. For the tested conditions, the determination of thermal contact resistance (TCR) was carried out in the steady state. The TCR values were affected by the contact pressure between the two steel pieces, showing, with an increase of 30 bar, a decrease of 21% and 33% for cooling channels located at 6.5 and 9.5 mm from the interface, respectively. Within the tested range, the TCR values were not significantly affected by variations in cooling flow rates. Lower TCR values were observed when the cooling channel was positioned closer to the interface (~ 28%). The study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting thermal contact resistance and process parameters. It can aid in optimizing cooling insert design for casting molds, namely by numerical analysis.
Comparing Cerebellar tDCS and Cerebellar tACS in Neurodegenerative Ataxias Using Wearable Sensors: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Triple-Crossover Trial
Authors: Libri Ilenia , Cantoni Valentina , Benussi Alberto , Rivolta Jasmine , Ferrari Camilla , Fancellu Roberto , Synofzik Matthis , Alberici Antonella , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara
Published: June 2023

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a promising therapeutic approach for both motor and cognitive symptoms in neurodegenerative ataxias. Recently, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was also demonstrated to modulate cerebellar excitability by neuronal entrainment. To compare the effectiveness of cerebellar tDCS vs. cerebellar tACS in patients with neurodegenerative ataxia, we performed a double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, triple cross-over trial with cerebellar tDCS, cerebellar tACS or sham stimulation in twenty-six participants with neurodegenerative ataxia. Before entering the study, each participant underwent motor assessment with wearable sensors considering gait cadence (steps/minute), turn velocity (degrees/second) and turn duration (seconds), and a clinical evaluation with the scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). After each intervention, participants underwent the same clinical assessment along with cerebellar inhibition (CBI) measurement, a marker of cerebellar activity. The gait cadence, turn velocity, SARA, and ICARS significantly improved after both tDCS and tACS, compared to sham stimulation (all p<0.010). Comparable effects were observed for CBI (p<0.001). Overall, tDCS significantly outperformed tACS on clinical scales and CBI (p<0.01). A significant correlation between changes of wearable sensors parameters from baseline and changes of clinical scales and CBI scores was detected. Cerebellar tDCS and cerebellar tACS are effective in ameliorating symptoms of neurodegenerative ataxias, with the former being more beneficial than the latter. Wearable sensors may serve as rater-unbiased outcome measures in future clinical trials. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05621200.
Importance of exercise stress testing in evaluation of unexplained cardiac arrest survivor
Authors: Bergeman Auke T. , Robyns Tomas , Amin Ahmad S. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , van der Werf Christian
Published: June 2023

Background

In sudden cardiac arrest survivors without an immediately identifiable cause, additional extensive yet individualised testing is required.

Methods

We describe 3 survivors of sudden cardiac arrest in whom exercise stress testing was not performed during the initial hospital admission.

Results

All 3 patients were incorrectly diagnosed with long QT syndrome based on temporary sudden cardiac arrest–related heart rate–corrected QT interval prolongation, and exercise stress testing was not performed during the initial work-up. When they were subjected to exercise stress testing during follow-up, a delayed diagnosis of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was made. As a result, these patients were initially managed inappropriately, and their family members were initially not screened for CPVT.

Conclusion

In sudden cardiac arrest survivors without an immediately identifiable cause, omission of exercise stress testing or erroneous interpretation of the results can lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis of CPVT, which may have considerable implications for survivors and their family.
Structure elucidation and biological activities of perylenequinones from an Alternaria species
Authors: Kiefer Anna , Arnholdt Marcel , Grimm Viktoria , Geske Leander , Groß Jonathan , Vierengel Nina , Opatz Till , Erkel Gerhard
Published: June 2023

The KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway is a pivotal cytoprotective regulator against oxidative stress which plays an important role in the development of many inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor by oxidative stress or electrophiles regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent transcription of antioxidative, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory proteins. Therefore, modulators of the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway have received considerable interest as therapeutics to protect against diseases where oxidative stress constitutes the underlying pathophysiology. In a search for fungal secondary metabolites affecting the Nrf2/ARE-dependent expression of a luciferase reporter gene in BEAS-2B cells, three new perylenequinones, compounds 1, 2, and 3, together with altertoxin-I (ATX-I), were isolated from fermentations of an Alternaria species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 and ATX-I exhibited strong cytotoxic effects with LC50-values of 3.8 µM and 6.43 µM, respectively, whereas compound 3 showed no cytotoxic effects up to 100 µM on BEAS-2B cells. ATX-I induced ARE-dependent luciferase expression approximately fivefold and compound 1 approximately 2.6-fold at a concentration of 3 µM in transiently transfected BEAS-2B cells. In addition, compound 1 and ATX-I exhibited strong oxidative effects, whereas compound 3 did not show significant oxidative properties. For compound 1 and ATX-I, a strong upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 could be observed on mRNA and protein level in treated BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, compound 3 significantly decreased sod3 mRNA levels after induction of oxidative stress with benzoquinone.
Multiplicative processing in the modeling of cognitive activities in large neural networks
Authors: Valle-Lisboa Juan C. , Pomi Andrés , Mizraji Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Explaining the foundation of cognitive abilities in the processing of information by neural systems has been in the beginnings of biophysics since McCulloch and Pitts pioneered work within the biophysics school of Chicago in the 1940s and the interdisciplinary cybernetists meetings in the 1950s, inseparable from the birth of computing and artificial intelligence. Since then, neural network models have traveled a long path, both in the biophysical and the computational disciplines. The biological, neurocomputational aspect reached its representational maturity with the Distributed Associative Memory models developed in the early 70 s. In this framework, the inclusion of signal-signal multiplication within neural network models was presented as a necessity to provide matrix associative memories with adaptive, context-sensitive associations, while greatly enhancing their computational capabilities. In this review, we show that several of the most successful neural network models use a form of multiplication of signals. We present several classical models that included such kind of multiplication and the computational reasons for the inclusion. We then turn to the different proposals about the possible biophysical implementation that underlies these computational capacities. We pinpoint the important ideas put forth by different theoretical models using a tensor product representation and show that these models endow memories with the context-dependent adaptive capabilities necessary to allow for evolutionary adaptation to changing and unpredictable environments. Finally, we show how the powerful abilities of contemporary computationally deep-learning models, inspired in neural networks, also depend on multiplications, and discuss some perspectives in view of the wide panorama unfolded. The computational relevance of multiplications calls for the development of new avenues of research that uncover the mechanisms our nervous system uses to achieve multiplication.
Learning to teach without an apprenticeship of observation: from home education to initial teacher education
Authors: Brunker Nicole
Published: June 2023

Lortie’s original conception of the apprenticeship of observation was one of conservative schooling practice and negative impact on teacher learning for school change. Schooling practices have changed in the 60 years since the original research that established the apprenticeship of observation as launch pad to teaching, changing prospective teachers’ experience of schooling. This article shares the experience of one pre-service teacher who never attended school, having been home educated. The absence of an apprenticeship of observation in schools highlights the need to better understand the growing diversity of experience pre-service teachers bring to initial teacher education. This one pre-service teacher’s experience raises the need to explore Lortie’s conception in the context of contemporary school experience and the impact on learning to teach. Challenging the acceptance of Lortie’s view to pre-service teachers’ prior experience and the impact on learning to teach has significance for all teacher education programs.
Colonial texts on Aboriginal land: the dominance of the canon in Australian English classrooms
Authors: Thomson Amy
Published: June 2023

From its conception in Australia, subject ‘English’ has been considered central to the curriculum. The English literature strand in the curriculum does not stipulate specific texts but is more explicit regarding what should be considered as an appropriate ‘literary text’. Curriculum documents emphasise the need for texts to have cultural and aesthetic value whilst suggesting that English teachers include texts that are chosen by students, texts from Asia, and texts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors. Despite this, the influences of British colonisation manifests in Australian English teachers’ text selection as they continue to choose texts from the 'canon’. This paper is framed by Rigney’s principles of Indigenism and Indigenous Standpoint Theory (1999; 2017) and will draw on my own lived experience—as an Aboriginal student, English teacher, and now researcher—to examine the presence of colonialism in English and the consequent subordination of Indigenous perspectives. This paper will suggest some of the ramifications of prioritising colonial texts while teaching and learning on Aboriginal land and investigate how the construction of subject English could feel assimilative to Indigenous people. I will explore this by using my own experience of learning William Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’ as a student and of teaching Doris Pilkington’s ‘Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence’ as a teacher as examples.
Intentionality and the active decision-making process in play-based learning
Authors: Chen Mia Yue , Rouse Elizabeth , Morrissey Anne-Marie
Published: June 2023

Play, which is both a context and process for children’s learning, has become a pivotal pedagogical component in global early childhood education. The uptake of intentional teaching has contributed to the shift in understandings of play, from viewing play as a means of recreation and entertainment to a more socio-cultural perspective that advocates for educators’ proactive and engaged roles in play. The recent update of the Early Years Learning Framework (2023) in Australia has included an emphasis on intentionality in play-based learning. However, there is little academic work on intentionality, and recent studies demonstrate educators’ struggles in conceptualising their roles as intentional teachers. Drawing on the findings of a literature review, this discussion paper aims to conceptualise intentional teaching from two aspects: intentionality and decision-making. This paper argues that while educator and child intentionality are the starting point of intentional actions, the decision-making process enables educators to have ongoing intentionality behind their teaching practices. It concludes by advocating for a broader understanding of intentional teaching that focusses on the underlying thought processes behind educators’ decisions and actions.
Leveraging twitter data to understand nurses’ emotion dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhou Jianlong , Sheppard-Law Suzanne , Xiao Chun , Smith Judith , Lamb Aimee , Axisa Carmen , Chen Fang
Published: June 2023

The nursing workforce is the largest discipline in healthcare and has been at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic response since the outbreak of COVID-19. However, the impact of COVID-19 on the nursing workforce is largely unknown as is the emotional burden experienced by nurses throughout the different waves of the pandemic. Conventional approaches often use survey question-based instruments to learn nurses’ emotions, and may not reflect actual everyday emotions but the beliefs specific to survey questions. Social media has been increasingly used to express people’s thoughts and feelings. This paper uses Twitter data to describe the emotional dynamics of registered nurse and student nurse groups residing in New South Wales in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel analysis framework that considered emotions, talking topics, the unfolding development of COVID-19, as well as government public health actions and significant events was utilised to detect the emotion dynamics of nurses and student nurses. The results found that the emotional dynamics of registered and student nurses were significantly correlated with the development of COVID-19 at different waves. Both groups also showed various emotional changes parallel to the scale of pandemic waves and corresponding public health responses. The results have potential applications such as to adjust the psychological and/or physical support extended to the nursing workforce. However, this study has several limitations that will be considered in the future study such as not validated in a healthcare professional group, small sample size, and possible bias in tweets.
Sicherheitsaspekte bei der Behandlung mit Clozapin:
Authors: Berger Stefan J. , Hofer Alex
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Laut geltender Leitlinien sollte Clozapin als Mittel dritter Wahl bei therapieresistenten schizophrenen Störungen (TRS) Verwendung finden. Im klinischen Alltag erfolgt der Einsatz jedoch häufig zu einem wesentlich späteren Zeitpunkt, was zu einer deutlichen Verschlechterung der Krankheitsprognose führt. Der erste Teil dieser narrativen Übersicht beleuchtet häufige unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) von Clozapin, die Bedeutung einer langsamen Titration und spezifische Aspekte des Therapeutischen Drug Monitoring (TDM).

Material und Methoden

Die Datenbank Medline sowie die Guideline for the use of clozapine 2013 der Netherlands Clozapine Collaboration Group und die S3-Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e.V. wurden nach relevanter Literatur untersucht, die letzte Abfrage erfolgte am 28.04.2023.

Resultate

Trotz einzigartiger Wirksamkeit erfolgt die Verordnung von Clozapin im klinischen Alltag deutlich seltener als indiziert und variiert sowohl innerhalb als auch zwischen den Ländern. Neben hämatologischen, metabolischen und vegetativen UAW stellen die vor allem bei rascher Titration zu beobachtenden entzündlichen Erkrankungen in Form von Pneumonie oder Myokarditis wesentliche klinische Herausforderungen dar, so dass CRP-Kontrollen von besonderer Bedeutung sind. In diesem Zusammenhang muss insbesondere auch beachtet werden, dass Geschlecht, Rauchverhalten und ethnische Herkunft der Patient:innen den Clozapin-Stoffwechsel beeinflussen und daher eine individuelle Dosierung erforderlich machen.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine nach Möglichkeit langsame Titration, TDM und gegebenenfalls eine CYP-Diagnostik erhöhen die Patient:innensicherheit während einer Behandlung mit Clozapin und somit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer frühzeitigen Verordnung dieser Substanz bei TRS.
Analysing the effect of defects on stress concentration and fatigue life of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy using finite element modelling
Authors: Afroz L. , Inverarity S. B. , Qian M. , Easton M. , Das R.
Published: June 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a developing manufacturing technology, which provides excellent attributes compared to other manufacturing techniques. However, one of the critical challenges is the presence of defects that hinder the mechanical properties of the parts, particularly the fatigue life. Experimental understanding of fatigue is a cumbersome process. Therefore, numerical prediction based on specified conditions (such as porosity and applied load) can be an alternative to experimental analysis at the design stage of AM parts. In this study, elastic–plastic finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to obtain the stress distribution around pores, and their resultant effect on fatigue life for L-PBF (laser powder bed fusion) produced AlSi10Mg alloy samples. The stress field is calculated for both single and multiple pore models, where stress concentration is evaluated as a function of the pore’s location and its size. It is found that both pore location and size affect the stress field; however, location effects dominate over pore size. For the same remote applied stress level, the stress concentration around the pore increases with an increase in pore size, and the local maximum stress occurs near the pores that are closest to the surface. The current study also evaluates the relative effect of porosity fraction, average pore size, and location. It is found that the magnitude and sensitivity of stress concentration are hierarchically controlled by porosity location, pore size, and porosity density. A multi-scale finite element (FE) model is proposed based on inherent porosity data measured using Computed Tomography (CT) to predict overall fatigue life. The fatigue cycles are calculated using the rainflow counting algorithm in FE Safe using the stress–strain data obtained from the proposed FEA model. Using the proposed model, it is possible to generate S–N curves for any loading condition for a given porosity condition (porosity density and average pore size). The S–N curve results obtained from the FE model are compared to the experimental observations. The predicted fatigue life shows approximately 5% error with experimental results at high stress loading conditions. However, the proposed model overpredicts the fatigue life at low stress loading by almost 30%.
Comparative Optimism and Perceptions of Specific Online Risks
Authors: Betts Lucy R. , Abell Loren , Buglass Sarah L.
Published: June 2023

Adults hold optimistic beliefs for online behaviours, displaying a general tendency to believe that they are less likely to experience general risks than others. Study 1 explored whether young adults displayed comparative optimism judgements for four types of specific risks that were relevant to a UK sample. Study 2 addressed methodological weaknesses associated with assessing comparative optimism. Study 1 explored 227 (194 female, 31 male, 1 non-binary, and 1 gender not disclosed) young adults’ (MAge = 20.75, SDAge = 4.22) comparative optimistic beliefs for unwanted contact, hoaxes, behavioural, and sexual online risks that were contextualised to the UK. In study 2, young adults (134 female, 30 male, 1 non-binary, and 1 gender fluid, MAge = 20.72, SDAge = 3.39) provided judgements for four online risks for the general public and the comparator groups used in study 1. Participants were then provided with the prevalence rate for each risk according to data for the UK and then asked to repeat the judgments for each comparator group. Study 1 identified optimistic beliefs across the four risks, with family and the self judged to be less at risk. Study 2 revealed that again family was perceived to be at the lowest risk followed by the self. Knowledge of the actual risk led to a reduction in perceived risk for unwanted contact and hoaxes but little change for behavioural or sexual risks. Together, the findings have implications for understanding perceptions of online risk and how campaigns to promote digital safety are designed.
Therapie des urogenitalen Menopausensyndroms
Authors: Graf Nele , Gasimli Khayal
Published: June 2023

Das urogenitale Menopausensyndrom (UGMS), welches den alten Begriff der vulvovaginalen Atrophie ersetzt und somit auch vesikourethrale Beschwerden umfasst, geht mit einer Vielzahl von Symptomen, wie unter anderem vaginaler Trockenheit, Dyspareunie, vaginalem Brennen, aber auch Dysurie und rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfekten, einher. Obwohl dies zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität der Patientinnen führt, steht häufig die Therapie vasomotorischer peri- und postmenopausaler Symptome im Vordergrund. Die Prävalenz des urogenitalen Menopausensyndroms wird mit Werten bis zu 84 % angegeben. Da der Urogenitalbereich reich an Östrogenrezeptoren ist, liegt dem urogenitalen Menopausensyndrom pathophysiologisch der peri- und postmenopausale Hypoöstrogenismus zugrunde, was zu einer Abnahme der vaginalen Epitheldicke und zu einer Erhöhung des vaginalen pH-Werts führt. Zur Diagnosestellung haben vor allem eine ausführliche Anamneseerhebung mit aktivem Abfragen der Symptome, sowie eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung Priorität. Therapeutisch steht neben nichthormonellen Therapien, wie Feuchthaltecremes und Emollienzien, vor allem die nebenwirkungsarme und effektive lokale Östrogentherapie im Vordergrund, welche in der Regel nicht zu relevant erhöhten Östrogenspiegeln im Serum führt. Der standardmässige Einsatz von Ospemifen, einem selektiven Östrogenrezeptormodulator, oder die vaginale Anwendung von Dehydroepiandrosteron als weitere alternative Therapieoption ist klinisch noch nicht etabliert. Auch nichtmedikamentöse Therapieverfahren, wie die Lasertherapie, können – je nach Symptomlast – in Betracht gezogen werden.
The Impact of the Landmark Attraction Effect and Central Tendency Bias on Spatial Memory Distortions
Authors: Korte Annika , Keil Julian , Edler Dennis , Dickmann Frank
Published: June 2023

The successful communication of spatial information with maps allows correct spatial memory retrieval. Space-referencing map elements like grid pattern lead to a higher spatial accuracy in memory performance. We studied the influence of the landmark attraction effect and the central tendency bias predicted by the categorical adjustment model. While landmark attraction effect would lead to an attraction toward the landmark for the recalled object location, central tendency bias would lead to a deviation toward the center of a given field. The effects of these distortions were investigated on two different kinds of grid pattern, continuous grid lines and grid crosses, superimposed on a map or on a blank background. Results showed higher object-location memory accuracy for grid crosses. As expected, a clear central tendency bias was observed for the continuous grid lines according to the expected central tendency bias. However, there was no clear landmark attraction effect or central tendency bias for the grid crosses. We suspect a partial cancellation of the two opposing effects in this case. Overall results, central tendency bias seems to be stronger than the landmark attraction effect. In our experimental design, the landmark attraction effect seems not to be able to eliminate the central tendency bias, but to mitigate its strength. We suggest a correcting influence of map elements on object-location memory as the spatial distortions caused by the central tendency bias of the complete grid are significantly reduced in the grid cross condition. Future studies have to show more exactly how different shifting effects of recalled object positions can be used cartographically to reduce distortions of the mental representation of space.
Theatre in the Chocolate Factory
Authors: Hindson Catherine
Published: June 2023

Providing a new way of thinking about industrialism and its history through the lens of one of Britain's most recognisable heritage brands, Catherine Hindson explores the creativity that was at the heart of Cadbury's operation in the early twentieth century. Guided by Quaker Capitalism, employees at Bournville took part in recreational and educational activities, enabling imagination to flourish. Amidst this pattern of work and play arose the vibrant phenomenon that was factory theatre, with performances and productions involving tens of thousands of employees as performers and spectators. Home-grown Bournville casts and audiences were supplemented by performers, civic leaders, playwrights, academics, town planners, and celebrities, interweaving industrialists with the city's theatrical and visual arts as well as national entertainment cultures. This interdisciplinary study uncovers the stories of Bournville's theatre and the employees who made it, considering ground-breaking approaches to mental and physical health and education.
Combating the Double Erasure: Can a Jew (Kalimi) be an Iranian in the Islamic Republic?
Authors: Sternfeld Lior B.
Published: June 2023

Since the 1979 revolution, Iranian Jews have faced two powerful and inherently contradictory calls to compromise their voice and identity. From one side, Israel has consistently held the opinion that as an at-risk community they should be evacuated and resettled. On the other, Iran's revolutionary regime has made “Islamic” a centerpiece of Iranian identity, placing Jewish identity directly at odds with what it means to be an Iranian. For decades, foreign opposition groups have spread baseless and unsubstantiated claims suggesting that Iranian Jews are to be placed in concentration camps or forced to wear yellow stars. At the same time, Iran's top politicians repeatedly peddle anti-Semitic innuendo and promote Holocaust denial conspiracies. Yet such narratives miss the central fact rarely acknowledged in Israel or Western academic and public spheres: Iranian Jews have continued to maintain ownership of their story and narrative as both Iranian and Jewish. This article seeks to analyze the navigation of Iranian Jews between their struggle as a religious minority in the Islamic Republic and maintenance of their autonomous voice as represented outside Iran.
Workspace analysis of axial offset joint based on parameterization
Authors: Li Peiyi , Han Hasiaoqier , Liu Chunlong , Ren Biao , Wu Qingwen , Xu Zhenbang
Published: June 2023

The axial offset joint has two rotating axes that do not intersect but have a specific offset in space. It is used widely in parallel manipulators (PMs). The offset-joint workspace can directly affect the PM workspace. This study performed a theoretical derivation and workspace analysis of a class of axial offset joints. First, a theoretical parametric model describing the rotation range of the offset joint is established that considers the interference of the offset joint because of the contact between the upper- and lower-joint brackets during movement. Second, the analytical expressions of the offset-joint workspace are formulated based on the coordinate system transformation. The offset-joint workspace is theoretically calculated in this study using formulations. Then, through a comparative analysis, the superiority of the offset joint compared with the universal joint is verified. The theoretical formulations in this paper can be used to calculate the workspace of a class of axial offset joints. Finally, based on a workspace analysis of three types of PMs using offset, universal, and spherical joints, the offset-joint PM workspace is much larger than those of the other two types.
Multifractal analysis of sums of random pulses
Authors: SAËS GUILLAUME , SEURET STÉPHANE
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the regularity properties and determine the almost sure multifractal spectrum of a class of random functions constructed as sums of pulses with random dilations and translations. In addition, the continuity moduli of the sample paths of these stochastic processes are investigated.
The Counterfactual Argument Against Abortion
Authors: Kulesa Ryan
Published: June 2023

In this article, I present a novel argument against abortion. In short, what makes it wrong to kill someone is that they are a counterfactual person; counterfactual persons are individuals such that, were they not killed, they would have been persons. My view accommodates two intuitions which many views concerning the wrongness of killing fail to account for: embryo rescue cases and the impermissibility of infanticide. The view avoids embryo rescue cases because embryos in the rescue scenarios are not counterfactual people: they are not counterfactual people because it is false to say that, were they not killed, they would have been persons. As a result, it does not follow from my account that there is a prohibition against allowing embryos to die. On the other hand, infants are counterfactual people: an infant is an individual such that, were she not killed, she would have been a person.
A longitudinal analysis of highly cited papers in four CALL journals
Authors: Choubsaz Yazdan , Jalilifar Alireza , Boulton Alex
Published: June 2023

This study traces the evolution of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) by investigating published research articles (RAs) in four major CALL journals: ReCALL, Computer Assisted Language Learning, Language Learning & Technology, and CALICO Journal. All 2,397 RAs published over four decades (1983–2019) were included in the pool of data, and the Google Scholar citation metric was adopted to assess the impact of the papers. By selecting the top 15% of widely cited papers from each individual year, we minimized the time bias between years, enabling a balanced narration of the history of CALL through a representative dataset of 426 high-impact RAs. To identify the evolution of research trends, the contexts, methodologies, theoretical underpinnings and research foci of all 426 RAs were investigated using NVivo 12 and AntConc. The analysis of the data yielded encouraging results such as the upward trend in the number of publications and the international reach of CALL in the last two decades, the physical or virtual presence of language learners with diverse language profiles, and the growing tendency to triangulate methodology for increased complexity. However, long-standing issues such as the heavy reliance on traditional research contexts, poor reporting practices of basic demographic information, the large number of atheoretical papers and the concentration on a limited number of research foci continue to pose challenges in CALL research. Based on the findings, the paper suggests solutions for the controversies and addresses key issues for future research in CALL.