bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circumstantial variables preceding firearm suicide among females with and without mobility disability in the USA: comparative analysis using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Takagi-Stewart Julian , Prater Laura C , Marts Erika , Ayachit Pooja , Jesus Tiago S
Published: July 2024

Background

Mobility disability impacts approximately 12% of the US population; females are overrepresented among persons with mobility disability. Those with mobility disability are at increased risk of suicide compared with their non-disabled counterparts. Suicide using a firearm has increased among females in the last two decades. This study aims to describe and explore significant circumstantial variables (eg, socio-demographic, health indicators) preceding firearm suicide among females with mobility disability as compared with females without mobility disability.

Methods

This is a secondary comparative, retrospective analysis of the narrative data from the National Violent Death Reporting System Restricted Access Database. Persons with mobility disability were identified through text mining and manual review and subsequently analysed with a summative form of content analysis. Pearson/Fisher’s X2or t-tests were used to assess differences in the circumstantial variables between those with and without mobility disabilities.

Results

Among female firearm suicide decedents, persons with mobility disability were more commonly older (p<0.001), identified as a homemaker (p<0.001), were perceived to be in a depressed mood before death (p<0.05), had a history of suicidal thoughts (p<0.05) and were perceived to have physical pain (p<0.001); they less commonly had relationship problems (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Females with mobility disability who die by firearm suicide may be differentiated from suicide decedents without mobility disability by age, employment status, depressive mood, relationship problems and physical pain. The significance of these variables as independent risk factors for firearm suicide may be tested with prospective study designs, which in turn may inform the development of targeted or disability-inclusive prevention strategies.
SINGLE-CHANNEL EEG FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE TYPES OF MENTAL STRESS
Authors: JIAO YU , DU GUANZHENG , WANG XINPEI , LIU CHANGCHUN , LIU YUANYUAN
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective: Exposure to mental stress in everyday life leads to several diseases that deteriorate the quality of people’s lives, and hinders the development of society. The development of mobile technology and wearable devices has made it possible to monitor the mental stress in real time. This study aims to develop a single-channel EEG-based framework to identify the multiple types of mental stress. Methods: Four different tasks (i.e., arithmetic operations, successive subtraction, Stroop color-word test, and number memory) combining time pressure with negative feedback were designed to induce mental stress. The EEG data of 21 participants was recorded and a total of 338 multi-domain features, i.e., time domain, frequency domain, nonlinear and time–frequency domain, were extracted from five sub-frequency bands and full frequency band. After a one-way analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination and support vector machine were combined to classify the stress level of the participants. Results: For all four tasks, 67, 72, 20, and 74 features were statistically different, and they covered all the feature domains. Similarly, the highest classification accuracy of 97.78%, 97.50%, 95.00%, and 100% were achieved while combining features from all domains. Furthermore, the delta, theta, alpha, and full frequency band were more effective in quantifying the stress levels. Conclusion: Our proposed framework validates the effectiveness of a single-channel EEG in detecting mental stress and offers great promise for its application in clinical and portable devices in everyday life.
AN EMOTION ANALYSIS METHOD THAT INTEGRATES EEG SIGNALS AND MUSIC THERAPY USING A TRANSFORMER MODEL
Authors: HAN JIAYU , XU LIJUN , YANG QING
Published: July 2024

The need for sentiment analysis in the mental health field is increasing, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and music therapy have attracted extensive attention from researchers as breakthrough ideas. However, the existing methods still face the challenge of integrating temporal and spatial features when combining these two types, especially when considering the volume conduction differences among multichannel EEG signals and the different response speeds of subjects; moreover, the precision and accuracy of emotion analysis have yet to be improved. To solve this problem, we integrate the idea of top-k selection into the classic transformer model and construct a novel top-k sparse transformer model. This model captures emotion-related information in a finer way by selecting k data segments from an EEG signal with distinct signal features. However, this optimization process is not without its challenges, and we need to balance the selected k values to ensure that the important features are preserved while avoiding excessive information loss. Experiments conducted on the DEAP dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves significant improvements over other models. By enhancing the sensitivity of the model to the emotion-related information contained in EEG signals, our method achieves an overall emotion classification accuracy improvement and obtains satisfactory results when classifying different emotion dimensions. This study fills a research gap in the field of sentiment analysis involving EEG signals and music therapy, provides a novel and effective method, and is expected to lead to new ideas regarding the application of deep learning in sentiment analysis.
BIOMECHANICAL INFLUENCE OF RUNNING SHOES WITH MIDSOLE HOLLOW STRUCTURE ON LOWER LIMBS DURING RUNNING
Authors: HU ZONGXIANG , MENG HUANHUAN , FU FENGQIN , HUANG HAOJIE , GUO TONGTONG , CHU ZHAOWEI , JIA SHENGWEI , YANG FAN
Published: July 2024

The objective was to investigate the effects of running shoes with midsole hollow structure span and height on the biomechanics of the lower limbs during running. We collected 21 adults with running habits who wore two pairs of running shoes with different midsole hollow structures and ran at a speed of 3.3[Formula: see text]m/s on a force-measuring treadmill. The lower limb kinematics, ground reaction force (GRF) and lower limb muscle activation characteristics were simultaneously captured by a motion capture system, a 3D force treadmill, and a surface electromyography (sEMG) system. Paired t-tests were performed on data for the two shoe conditions that fit the normal distribution assumptions; otherwise, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. The statistical parameter mapping (SPM) technology was used for the analysis of 1D parameters of kinematic, dynamic, and sEMG activation characteristics. The result showed that the time to the peak impact force at touchdown of Hollow shoe2 was significantly increased ([Formula: see text]), the maximum loading rate ([Formula: see text]) and average loading rate ([Formula: see text]) were significantly reduced, braking time ([Formula: see text]), push time ([Formula: see text]), contact time ([Formula: see text]) of Hollow shoe2 were significantly increased compared with Hollow shoe1. Hollow shoe2 push phase of the tibialis anterior muscle activation characteristics was significantly lower (SPM, [Formula: see text]) than Hollow shoe1. Our conclusion is that running shoes offer the solution as they have the advantage of the complex structure of the hollow midsole.
LOW-RANK SPARSE REPRESENTATION-BASED TRANSITION SUBSPACE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR EPILEPTIC SEIZURE RECOGNITION
Authors: ZANG HAO , BI ANQI , ZHAO LU , YING WENHAO , QIAN JIANSHENG
Published: July 2024

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a pivotal diagnostic tool for epilepsy. EEG signals have complex sources, significant individual differences, and data distribution varies across different domains are also easily influenced by noise. This study develops a low-rank sparse representation-based transition subspace learning (LRSRTS) algorithm. Based on low-rank reconstruction transfer subspace learning, the LRSRTS algorithm uses subspace projection and low-rank constraints to ensure that multiple domains are aligned in the subspace and uses sparse constraints to ensure reconstruction from the source domain to the target domain. Separating the noise information in the subspace, the LRSRTS algorithm uses the source domain samples to establish a discriminative classifier. Since the label information is non-negative, the LRSRTS imposes non-negative constraints on the transition subspace. With the more flexible subspace and classifier, the LRSRTS algorithm demonstrates satisfactory recognition performance on the CHB-MIT dataset.
An Interview with Massimiliano Di Penta - 2024 SIGSOFT Awardee
Authors: Soldani Jacopo
Published: July 2024

Massimiliano Di Penta received the 2024 SIGSOFT Early Career Researcher Award for outstanding service to the software engineering community, including serving as program co-chair for all premier software engineering conferences and several other events. Massimiliano received a Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at the University of Sannio (Italy) in 2003. He is now a Full Professor at the University of Sannio (Italy), where he is also the Director of the PhD program in Information Technology for Engineering, and has been Director of the Bachelor's and Master's Degree Programs in Computer Science Engineering.
Low-Code Software Development: Key Impacts on the Software Industry
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Self expression is no longer conveyed by arts and literature. In the world of digitization and software-led products, one needs another way of expressing themselves. That need to automate a workflow or that idea to create new business are only expressible through software - that you would then need to hire a professional developer to first listen to your needs then express them on your behalf in the form of software. No, not that; I need this way instead of this way; you as the customer would say to your developer until you arrive at what you need. Or if you are a developer yourself, cutting time away from your coding job to build your own stuff is a cut of your personal time outside of coding already; unless you are building your own business. Both, customers to software, need to be able to express themselves in software and with minimal knowledge and time. Enter the world of Low-Code software development. This paper discusses key impacts coming with this trend
Fine‐Grained Passenger Load Prediction inside Metro Network via Smart Card Data
Authors: Tian Xiancai , Zhang Chen , Zheng Baihua
Published: July 2024

Metro system serves as the backbone for urban public transportation. Accurate passenger load prediction for the metro system plays a crucial role in metro service quality improvement, such as helping operators schedule train timetables and passengers plan their trips. However, existing works can only predict low‐grained passenger flows of origin‐destination (O‐D) paths or inflows/outflows of each station but cannot predict passenger load distribution over the whole metro network. To this end, this paper proposes an end‐to‐end inference framework, PIPE, for passenger load prediction of every metro segment between two adjacent stations, by only utilizing smart card data. In particular, PIPE includes two modules. The first is the core. It formulates the travel time distribution of each metro segment as a truncated Gaussian distribution. Since there might be several possible routes for certain O‐D paths, the population‐level travel time distribution of these O‐D paths would be a mixture of travel times of different routes. Considering the route preference may change over time, a dynamic truncated Gaussian mixture model is proposed for parameter inference of each truncated Gaussian distribution of each metro segment. The second module serves as the supplement, which compiles a bunch of methods for predicting passenger flows of O‐D paths. Built upon them, PIPE is able to predict the travel time that future passengers of each O‐D path will take for passing each metro segment and consequently can predict the passenger load of each metro segment in the short future. Numerical studies from Singapore’s metro system demonstrate the efficacy of our method.
The SCRUM-MONSTAR Cancer-Omics Ecosystem: Striving for a Quantum Leap in Precision Medicine
Authors: Hashimoto Tadayoshi , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Fujisawa Takao , Imai Mitsuho , Shibuki Taro , Iida Naoko , Ozaki Hiroshi , Nonomura Norio , Morizane Chigusa , Iwata Hiroji , Okano Susumu , Yamagami Wataru , Yamazaki Naoya , Kadowaki Shigenori , Taniguchi Hiroya , Ueno Makoto , Boku Shogen , Oki Eiji , Komatsu Yoshito , Yuki Satoshi , Makiyama Akitaka , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Hara Hiroki , Okano Naohiro , Nishina Tomohiro , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Miki Izumi , Kobayashi Shin , Yuda Junichiro , Kageyama Shun-Ichiro , Nagamine Michiko , Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Naoya , Yamashita Riu , Koga Yoshikatsu , Bando Hideaki , Ishii Genichiro , Kuwata Takeshi , Park Woong-Yang , Ohtsu Atsushi , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: July 2024

The SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR-SCREEN consortium is a nationwide molecular profiling project employing artificial intelligence–driven multiomics analyses for patients with advanced malignancies, aiming to develop novel therapeutics and diagnostics and deliver effective drugs to patients. Concurrently, studies assessing molecular residual disease–based precision medicine for resectable solid tumors, including CIRCULATE-Japan, are ongoing. The substantial data generated by these platforms are stored within a state-of-the-art supercomputing infrastructure, VAPOR CONE. Since 2015, our project has registered over 24,000 patients as of December 2023. Among 16,144 patients with advanced solid tumors enrolled in MONSTAR-SCREEN projects, 5.0% have participated in matched clinical trials, demonstrating a 29.2% objective response rate and 14.8-month median survival (95% CI, 13.4–16.3) for patients treated in the matched clinical trials. Notably, patients who received matched therapy demonstrated significantly prolonged overall survival compared with those who did not (hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.83).

Significance: Our nationwide molecular profiling initiative played pivotal roles in facilitating the enrollment of patients with advanced solid tumors into matched clinical trials and highlighted the substantial survival benefits of patients treated with matched therapy. We aim to facilitate an industry–academia data-sharing infrastructure ecosystem, fostering new drug discovery paradigms and precision medicine.
NK Receptor Signaling Lowers TCR Activation Threshold, Enhancing Selective Recognition of Cancer Cells by TAA-Specific CTLs
Authors: Dong Bowen , Obermajer Nataša , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Bonura Cindy M. , Sander Cindy , Withers Henry , Long Mark D. , Chavel Colin , Olejniczak Scott H. , Minderman Hans , Kirkwood John M. , Edwards Robert P. , Storkus Walter J. , Romero Pedro , Kalinski Pawel
Published: July 2024

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAA), present on cancer cells and also in healthy tissues, is an important element of cancer immunity, but the mechanism of its selectivity for cancer cells and opportunities for its enhancement remain elusive. In this study, we found that CTL expression of the NK receptors (NKR) DNAM1 and NKG2D was associated with the effector status of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and long-term survival of patients with melanoma. Using MART1 and NY-ESO-1 as model TAAs, we demonstrated that DNAM1 and NKG2D regulate T-cell receptor (TCR) functional avidity and set the threshold for TCR activation of human TAA-specific CTLs. Superior co-stimulatory effects of DNAM1 over CD28 involved enhanced TCR signaling, CTL killer function, and polyfunctionality. Double transduction of human CTLs with TAA-specific TCR and NKRs resulted in strongly enhanced antigen sensitivity, without a reduction in antigen specificity and selectivity of killer function. In addition, the elevation of NKR ligand expression on cancer cells due to chemotherapy also increased CTL recognition of cancer cells expressing low levels of TAAs. Our data help explain the ability of self-antigens to mediate tumor rejection in the absence of autoimmunity and support the development of dual-targeting adoptive T-cell therapies that use NKRs to enhance the potency and selectivity of recognition of TAA-expressing cancer cells.
Supplementary Table 4 from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures
Authors: Mahmood Umair , Blake Andrew , Rathee Sanjay , Samuel Leslie , Murray Graeme , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , West Nicholas P. , Begum Rubina , Bach Simon P. , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Phil , Redmond Keara L. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Koelzer Viktor H. , Leedham Simon J. , Tomlinson Ian , Dunne Philip D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Maughan Tim S. , Domingo Enric
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Table 4
Supplementary Table 1 from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures
Authors: Mahmood Umair , Blake Andrew , Rathee Sanjay , Samuel Leslie , Murray Graeme , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , West Nicholas P. , Begum Rubina , Bach Simon P. , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Phil , Redmond Keara L. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Koelzer Viktor H. , Leedham Simon J. , Tomlinson Ian , Dunne Philip D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Maughan Tim S. , Domingo Enric
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Table 1
The Taxonomy of Subjective Cognitive Decline: Proposal and First Clinical Evidence from the Geneva Memory Clinic Cohort
Authors: Ribaldi Federica , Palomo Rafael , Altomare Daniele , Scheffler Max , Assal Frederic , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Abramowicz Marc , Garibotto Valentina , Chicherio Christian , Frisoni Giovanni B.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by subjective cognitive concerns without objective cognitive impairment and is considered a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, most SCD patients will not develop neurodegenerative disorders, yet they may suffer from minor psychiatric, neurological, or somatic comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to provide a taxonomy of the heterogeneous SCD entity and to conduct a preliminary validation using data from a memory clinic sample. Methods: Participants were fifty-five SCD individuals consecutively recruited at the Geneva Memory Center. Based on clinical reports, they were classified into three clinically pre-defined subgroups: (i) those with psychological or psychiatric comorbidities (Psy), (ii) those with somatic comorbidities (SomCom), (iii) and those with no apparent cause (NAC). Baseline demographics, clinical, cognitive, and biomarker differences among the SCD subgroups were assessed. Longitudinal cognitive changes (average 3 years follow-up) were modeled using a linear mixed model. Results: Out of the 55 SCD cases, 16 were SomCom, 18 Psy, and 21 NAC. 47% were female, mean age was 71 years. We observed higher frequency of APOE ε4 carriers in NAC (53%) compared to SomCom (14%) and Psy (0%, p = 0.023) and lower level of plasma Aβ42 in NAC (6.8 ± 1.0) compared to SomCom (8.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.031). SomCom subjects were older (74 years) than Psy (67 years, p = 0.011), and had greater medial temporal lobe atrophy (1.0 ± 1.0) than Psy (0.2 ± 0.6) and NAC (0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.005). SomCom has worse episodic memory performances (14.5 ± 3.5) than Psy (15.8 ± 0.4) and NAC (15.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.032). We observed a slightly steeper, yet not statistically significant, cognitive decline in NAC (β = −0.48) compared to Psy (β = −0.28) and SomCom (β = −0.24). Conclusions: NAC features a higher proportion of APOE ε4 carriers, lower plasma Aβ42 and a trend towards steeper cognitive decline than SomCom and Psy. Taken together, these findings suggest that NACs are at higher risk of cognitive decline due to AD. The proposed clinical taxonomy might be implemented in clinical practice to identify SCD at higher risk. However, such taxonomy should be tested on an independent cohort with a larger sample size.
Plattenepithelkarzinome der Haut: Präventive Wirkung einer Flächentherapie aktinischer Keratosen
Authors: Ulrich Claas
Published: July 2024

Die Behandlung von aktinischer Keratose (AK) zielt darauf ab, Hautkrebs (kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom, cSCC) zu verhindern. Es ist jedoch umstritten, in welchem Umfang sich AK tatsächlich zu cSCC weiter entwickeln können, und die Wirkung einer zielgerichteten Behandlung in diesem Kontext ist wenig erforscht. In einer sekundären Analyse einer multizentrischen, randomisierten klinischen Studie wurden 624 Patienten aus 4 niederländischen Krankenhäusern untersucht, die mindestens 5 AK auf einer Fläche von 25–100 cm2 am Kopf hatten. Diese Patienten wurden zwischen Juli 2019 und Dezember 2020 langfristig nachbeobachtet. Die Patienten wurden auf eine Behandlung mit 5% Fluorouracil, 5% Imiquimod-Creme, photodynamischer Therapie mit Methylaminolevulinat oder 0,015% Ingenol-Mebutat-Gel randomisiert. Das Hauptziel der Studie war es, den Anteil der Patienten zu ermitteln, die während der Nachbeobachtungszeit ein invasives cSCC entwickelten. Sekundäre Ziele waren die Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Risiko eines invasiven cSCC und verschiedenen prognostischen Faktoren, wie der Schwere der AK (Olsen-Grad), der Vorgeschichte von Nicht-Melanom-Hautkrebs und zusätzlichen Behandlungen. Ergebnisse zeigten, dass von den 624 Patienten (89,4% männlich, Durchschnittsalter 73 Jahre) 26 während der Nachbeobachtung ein invasives cSCC entwickelten. Das 4-Jahres-Risiko für die Entwicklung eines cSCC in den behandelten AK-Gebieten lag insgesamt bei 3,7% und variierte je nach Behandlungsmethode. Patienten mit schwerer AK (Olsen-Grad III) hatten ein Risiko von 20,9%, das bei zusätzlichen Behandlungen sogar auf 33,5% anstieg. Die Schlussfolgerung der Studie ist, dass Patienten mit schwerer AK und diejenigen, die zusätzliche Behandlungen benötigen, ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung eines invasiven cSCC haben und daher engmaschig überwacht werden sollten.
AI and Knowledge Management Orchestration Implementation in Today’s Business
Authors: Wulansari Retno , Prabandari Sri Palupi
Published: July 2024

How was the orchestration  AI and Knowledge Management Implementation in Today's Business? Objective: Examined the orchestration  AI and Knowledge Management in Today's Business.  Method: The author used a theory review method that relates to AI and Knowledge Management. Journal review and point of view on how it has been implemented in today's business. Findings: The integration of AI and KM was crucial for optimizing operations and competitiveness in modern businesses It transcends geographical boundaries and reshapes global business practices. Challenges include integration complexities and data privacy concerns, but the benefits include unlocking insights and fostering innovation. Looking ahead, AI-KM synergy promises transformative change and innovation. Conclusion: integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Knowledge Management (KM) emerges as a vital strategy for modern businesses, offering transformative benefits despite challenges. By optimizing operations, fostering innovation, and transcending geographical boundaries, AI-KM synergy reshapes global business practices and drives organizational agility. As emerging trends like augmented intelligence and human-machine collaboration redefine the future of work, strategic orchestration of AI and KM becomes essential for navigating complexity, capitalizing on opportunities, and thriving in the digital era.
Analysis of the Utilization of Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing at Mitra Keluarga Group Hospital
Authors: Nisa Miftakhul Mukarromatun , Nilawati Chandra
Published: July 2024

This study aims to measure the high rankings in the SEO category and social media marketing Mitra Keluarga Group Hospitals, this study not only understand implement SEO techniques, but also successfully manage interactions on social media platforms. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive research methods. In the context of this research, the main focus is to understand how Mitra Keluarga Group Hospital utilizes Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and social media marketing strategies, and to provide in-depth descriptions of user experiences and views regarding the use of these digital strategies. It is hoped that the findings from this study can provide valuable guidelines for other hospitals looking to increase their digital effectiveness and impact through the optimal integration of search engine optimization and social media marketing that impact customer behavior.
Regulatory Resources of Professional Self-Determination in Students Under Stress: Research Approaches and Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Morosanova Varvara I. , Kondratyuk Nailya G. , Potanina Anna M.
Published: July 2024

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the need for investigating the professional development of senior schoolchildren and students under the conditions of increasing influence of stress factors. Objectives. The study set the purpose to review and analyze modern scientific ideas on the problem of psychological resources of professional self-determination in students under stress. Methods. Search for and analysis of recent theoretical and empirical research publications was carried out. Abstraction, and generalization of obtained data relevant to the topic of the article were applied. Methods also included identification of theoretical foundations and promising directions for research into the problem of psychological resources of professional self-determination of students under stress. Results. Analysis of the recent publications allowed to reveal conceptual differences in understanding the phenomenon of professional self-determination of the individual. It identified a variety of approaches to the study of human professional behaviour. The authors highlighted and characterized the main directions of modern research on the topic discussed, indicating the demand for studying human professional behaviour in the changing conditions of life. The study systematized theoretical foundations and empirical data on the psychological resources for students’ professional self-determination and for overcoming life stress. Conclusions. The study revealed the potential of a resource-based approach to the study of the stress influence on the professional self-determination of students and substantiated the role of conscious self-regulation resources in choosing and mastering a profession.
Hydnum khanspurense sp. nov. and H. berkeleyanum from Pakistan
Authors: ALI MUHAMMAD , GHAFOOR ANEEQA , GHAFOOR ANNIE , NIAZI ABDUL REHMAN , SWENIE RACHEL A.
Published: July 2024

During mushroom surveys (2017 to 2022) of moist temperate forests of Pakistan, five different collections of Hydnum were found. Morpho-anatomical and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) of these specimens revealed one species new to science (Hydnum khanspurense sp. nov.) and one new record for Pakistan (Hydnum berkeleyanum). Hydnum khanspurense sp. nov. is characterized by non-decurrent spines, relatively smaller basidiospores and basidia with 1–4 sterigmata, along with ITS region divergence from the closest related species of subgenus Pallida, H. pallidomarginatum and H. flabellatum. Similarly, H. berkeleyanum, a member of subgenus Hydnum, was confirmed for the first time in Pakistan on the basis of micro-morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Detailed phylogenetic analysis confirming their systematic positions and morpho-anatomical studies of these taxa are provided and illustrated.
Discovery of the genus Maikona Matsumura, 1928 (Noctuidae: Agaristinae) from India with the description of a new species
Authors: IRUNGBAM JATISHWOR SINGH , FRIC ZDENEK FLATYNEK
Published: July 2024

The genus Maikona Matsumura, 1928 is reported for the first time from India with the description of a new species, Maikona mayodiana n. sp., from the Mayodia pass, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The diagnoses of the new species with similar congeners along with illustrations of its habitus, and genitalia are provided. A distributional map of the members of the genus is also provided.
The riodinid taxa described by Rudolf Emil Mell (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Riodinidae), with notes on related ones
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , INAYOSHI YUTAKA , LÉGER THÉO , ESPELAND MARIANNE
Published: July 2024

The two riodinid taxa described by Rudolf Emil Mell were reviewed. Lectotypes have been designated for Sospita sobrina Mell, 1923 and Hipporion chauchowensis Mell, 1923. Abisara freda Bennett, 1957 syn. n. and A. freda daliensis Sugiyama, 1992 syn. n. are synonymized with A. sobrina (Mell, 1923) and Polycaena chauchowensis pallidior Forster, 1951 syn. n. is synonymized with P. chauchowensis (Mell, 1923). The adult and genitalia of the lectotypes and related specimens of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated.
The Design and Usability of Virtual Reality Content Using Eyes for Students with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Bak Sunhi
Published: July 2024

The purposes of this study were to develop the design of virtual reality content using eyes and to investigate the usability of the virtual reality content for nonverbal students with severe disabilities. A 360-degree video in which a narrator introduces scientific activities (momentum, earthquake, gravity, robot dance) and experiences them at Chungnam Science Education Center was produced. Next, the virtual reality content for the video were designed for users to manipulate image buttons with their eyes so that users can select and experience images. Users can select and view images of scientific activity by staring and blinking using the HTC-VIVE Pro Eye, which combines eye tracking technology. The virtual reality content using eyes were designed and developed in accordance with the guidelines for supporting self-determination of students with severe disabilities. In order to investigate the usability of the VR content, 37 special education teachers who had special teacher certificates and had experience in teaching students with severe disabilities answered questions after using the VR content. The teachers evaluated as "neutral" in some usability evaluation categories (e.g., Self-determination, Ease of manipulation, Ease of Understanding, Effectiveness, Efficiency of class preparation, Efficiency in teaching, Appropriateness of content organization). When developing VR contents for students with severe disabilities, developers can design visual images in order for students with severe disabilities to understand easily and establish user interface in users’ eye conditions and operational capabilities. VR contents can be designed in relation to subject areas so that teachers can use them as educational materials.
Near-Field Focused Metasurface with Dual-Polarization and Multi-Focus Characteristics
Authors: Li Yun , Li Xiaoliang , Xu Zhu , Luo Wei , Yin Bo
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a new design of dual polarization near-field focused metasurface for high-efficiency wireless power transfer with multi-focus characteristics. The metasurface element consists of Jerusalem structure and four accompanying resonators surrounding them, and the linearity
of the phase curve is improved by adjusting the ratio of the center resonator of the metasurface element to the accompanying resonator length, avoiding the impact of reducing the physical manufacturing accuracy on the focusing effect. In terms of focus phase synthesis of reflective metasurface,
the metasurface with independent regulation of dual polarization is introduced to realize multi-focus and high-efficiency wireless power transfer. The dual polarization single-feed two-focus metasurface working at 11 GHz and 14 GHz with 15×15 elements are designed, fabricated and measured
by planar near-field scanning experiments. Through full-wave simulation of two cases, operating at 11 GHz and 14 GHz, dual polarization single-feed two-focus can realize the maximum focusing efficiency of 69.8% and 70.8%, respectively. The relative bandwidth with 50% power focusing efficiency
of these two cases are all over 18%. The measured results are in good agreement with the theoretical designs and simulated results, which verify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed approach in this paper.
Insights into Gold Nanoparticle Optical Behavior: Size-Dependent Absorption and Extinction Peaks
Authors: Alrahili Mazen R.
Published: July 2024

This paper studies the optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for different sizes ranging from 5 to 90 nm in diameter across a wide range of spectra spanning from 440 up to 800 nm. The optical properties included in this study are absorption, scattering, and extinction peaks
as well as the corresponding absorption, scattering, and extinction efficiencies considering the surrounding medium of the AuNPs and the incident wavelengths. Smaller AuNPs exhibit aligned absorption and extinction peaks while scattering peaks show shifts. Absorption efficiencies increase
with increasing the sizes of NP size, with a notable decline beyond 70 nm. Extinction efficiencies surge with increasing the sizes of NP, but extinction peaks shift to longer wavelengths beyond 30 nm. The interplay between absorption, scattering, and extinction properties is detailed, providing
valuable insights.
A Simple Method to Improve the Optical Performance of Augmented Reality Head-Up Display by Depositing Pd Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Zhang Shi-Qi , Dong Shuai , Hu Yue
Published: July 2024

By depositing Pd doped ZnO films on glass substrates by rf sputtering, the conductivity of the glass is enhanced, and thereby the optical performance of augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) based on these substrates are improved. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to analyze the structure, component and the morphology of the ZnO films. A minimum resistivity of 3.8*10E-4 Ωcm is obtained from the film grown at the O2/Ar ratio of 1/10. Compared to the absence of film, the optical performance
of the AR-HUD is significantly improved in high humidity environments, such as definition and adhesion.
Design and Implementation of High-Performance FPGA Accelerator for Non-Separable Discrete Fourier Transform Optimizing Real-Time Image and Video Processing
Authors: Prabu T. , Srinivasan K.
Published: July 2024

In image processing applications, the Non-separable Discrete Fourier Transform (NDFT) plays a crucial role in analyzing complex patterns and structures. This paper presents the design and implementation of a highperformance FPGA accelerator tailored for efficiently computing the NDFT
in image processing tasks. The proposed design leverages parallel processing, memory optimization, and pipelining techniques to achieve significant improvements in throughput while maintaining low latency. The effectiveness of the FPGA accelerator is demonstrated through extensive performance
analysis and comparisons with existing methods. The NDFT is essential for analyzing multidimensional data such as images, where the traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) may not be applicable due to non-separable structures. However, implementing NDFT efficiently on conventional computing
platforms poses significant challenges, particularly in terms of computational complexity and memory access patterns. FPGA-based accelerators offer a promising solution by exploiting the inherent parallelism and reconfigurability of FPGA architectures. The proposed FPGA accelerator for NDFT
computation is designed using a combination of parallel processing, memory optimization, and pipelining techniques. Industrial robots, medical imaging, and surveillance systems were only a few of the many applications that our proposed study exhaustively tested to determine how well our method
worked. The software libraries needed to take advantage of the SoC’s hardware acceleration features were synthesized using Vivado® High-Level Synthesis (HLS). Our findings show that processing speed and resource usage are significantly improved, and throughput and latency reduction
are significantly improved as well. The method’s versatility and scalability are further demonstrated by its remarkable adaptation to a wide range of image and video processing jobs. The proposed work provides empirical evidence of our approach’s efficacy by quantifying the performance
improvements realized through quantitative analysis. Finally, our research shows that Xilinx Zynq®-7000 SoC devices can be revolutionized with hardware acceleration and enhanced feature identification integrated. Our method allows real-time video and image processing applications to scale
more efficiently by overcoming the difficulties of complicated computing jobs. This paradigm changes signals the beginning of a new age of invention and advancement, and it will have far-reaching consequences for sectors that depend on autonomous systems, cryptography, and computer-human interaction.
Parameter Optimization of Washout Algorithm Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Li , Shi Hu , Zhao Wan-Ting , Li Qing-Hua
Published: July 2024

The success of the simulator’s motion platform hinges on the washout algorithm; incorrect choice of its filter parameters can lead to issues like phase delay and reduced space consumption. Consequently, the study focuses on enhancing the sparrow search algorithm (Tent Golden Sparrow
Search Algorithm (TGSSA)) to fine-tune the filter settings of the washout algorithm. Initially, Tent mapping is implemented to start the population, enhancing its diversity, hastening the algorithm’s convergence, and boosting convergence precision; secondly, to address the issue where
altering each sparrow discoverer and follower results in a halt in the local population’s quest for the best solution towards the algorithm’s end, Cauchy-Gaussian variance factors are incorporated during the follower position update, enhancing the algorithm’s overall search
efficiency. An optimization model is established to compare the filter parameters optimized by TGSSA with those optimized by other intelligent optimization algorithms. The results show that the new parameters obtained by the improved sparrow search algorithm enable the simulator motion platform
to recover to the neutral position in a shorter time, improve the utilization of the motion platform, and reduce the phase delay.
Design of Leveraging Split Ring Resonators for Optoelectronic Modulation: Advancements in Optical Signal Processing and Communication Systems
Authors: Leo Pauline S. , Ganesh Babu T. R.
Published: July 2024

Optoelectronic modulators play a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of optical signal processing and communication systems, enabling crucial functionalities such as signal modulation and routing. This paper explores the potential of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) structures in advancing
optoelectronic modulation techniques. Leveraging the unique electromagnetic properties of SRRs, this study investigates their efficacy in modulating the amplitude, phase, or polarization of optical signals, offering promising prospects for enhancing the performance and functionality of optical
communication networks. The study adopts a systematic approach to design and fabricate SRR-based optoelectronic modulators. Through simulation tools and experimental validation, the performance characteristics of SRR structures in modulating optical signals are rigorously assessed. Key parameters
such as modulation depth, bandwidth, extinction ratio, and insertion loss are evaluated to quantify the effectiveness of SRR-based modulation techniques. The experimental results demonstrate the superior modulation capabilities of SRR-based modulators. A modulation depth exceeding 90% is achieved
across a wide bandwidth, with an extinction ratio surpassing 20 db. The insertion loss remains minimal, ensuring efficient signal transmission. Furthermore, the SRR-based modulators exhibit excellent stability and reproducibility under varying operating conditions, validating their suitability
for practical applications. In conclusion, the findings underscore the transformative potential of SRR structures in advancing optoelectronic modulation technologies. The demonstrated modulation performance, coupled with the versatility and scalability of SRR-based designs, positions them
as promising candidates for next-generation optical signal processing and communication systems. Future research directions may focus on further optimizing SRR-based modulators for specific application scenarios and exploring novel integration schemes for seamless integration into existing
photonic platforms.
Effect of Catalyst Particle Size on Densification of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Alosaimi A. O. , Alghamdi S. , Melaibari A. A. , Al-Ghamdi S. A. , Almoneef T. S. , Alzahrani A. O. M.
Published: July 2024

Carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical and optical properties that captured the attention of applied sciences researchers in the last three decades. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the field emission is limited in a continuous film of a vertically-aligned CNTs. A costly lithography
technique and post-chemical treatment have been used to mitigate this issue. In this work, we use a novel cost-effective technique to achieve an in-situ densification of carbon nanotubes via microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and utilize colloidal magnetite nanoparticles
of different sizes (5, 10, and 20). The effect of the catalyst particle size on bundle base area was investigated along with the carbon nanotubes quality. It has been found that the use of 5 nm particle catalyst results in the largest bundle base area. The best CNT quality, however, is achieved
with a 20 nm catalyst particle.
Experimental and numerical study on the shear behavior of hybrid BFRP/steel RC beams without shear reinforcement
Authors: Xu Wen , Wu Jin , Ali Yahia M. S.
Published: July 2024

Hybrid reinforcement of steel and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars can provide a balanced performance between strength, ductility, and durability for the concrete structures. Thus, this study evaluates the shear performance of hybrid Basalt-FRP/steel-RC beams without shear reinforcement. A total of twelve RC beams were cast and tested under four-point loading to study the influence of reinforcement type, reinforcement ratio of longitudinal bars and axial stiffness between FRP and steel ratio, [Formula: see text] on the shear performance of the concrete beams. The test results were analyzed in terms of crack patterns, load-midspan deflection, load-crack width relationships, and shear strength of the tested beams. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the theoretical results obtained from various design codes and guidelines. Moreover, a finite element (FE) model was created, and the experimental results were used for validation of the FE model. The test results revealed that the beam specimens designed with similar effective reinforcement ratio exhibits comparable shear strength nevertheless the tensile reinforcement used. Experimental test results demonstrated that using hybrid bars increased the shear capacity of the beams by 11% compared to steel bars. Furthermore, the energy absorption of the hybrid-RC beams was enhanced by 16% compared to FRP-RC beams. By elevating the [Formula: see text] ratio from 1.25 to 2.44, both the shear strength and energy absorption improved by approximately 10%. Notably, there was a significant decrease in the deflection and crack width of the hybrid-RC beams in comparison to the FRP-RC beams. The design codes ACI440.11-22 and CSA S806-12 displayed accurate enough estimates of the shear strength, while JSCE-1997 showed a conservative result.
Role of strut shape on the generation of internal side force and moments in A supersonic nozzle with strut insertion through diverging wall
Authors: A Lakshmi Srinivas , BTN Sridhar
Published: July 2024

Cold flow experiments were conducted on a convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle with a strut inserted through the nozzle diverging wall to study the internal wall pressure distribution. The objective of the work was to calculate the internal side force and hence the pitching moment generated as a consequence of the side insertion of the strut through the nozzle wall. The generation of side force/pitching moment would be useful for the development of a potential alternative thrust vector control system of flight vehicles employing a supersonic nozzle. The strut was inserted at a distance of 2/3rd of the diverging section length ( L d) of the nozzle from the throat. Two cross sectional shapes of the strut i.e. square with V-notch and semi-ellipse were employed in the experiments. Eight wall pressure ports each on the strut side and on counter strut side of the nozzle axis were used to acquire the pressure data. The design exit Mach number ( M d) corresponding to isentropic flow conditions of the nozzle was 1.84 with an area ratio of 1.48. The cold flow experiments were conducted at three nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) which were 3.4,5 (both corresponded to over-expansion) and 6.9 (under-expansion). For each strut shape and at a given NPR, strut height ( h s) was varied to study the internal wall pressure distribution. The maximum height of the strut was restricted to the radius of the local cross section of the nozzle (r) where the strut was inserted. From the wall pressure ( p w) distribution, two-dimensional side force ( C s) and moment coefficients ( C m) were calculated. The variation of these coefficients with h s was plotted and the effect of the strut shape for each operational NPR was studied. These variations with h s in respect of square-notch shape and semi elliptical shape were also compared with variations corresponding to square shape available in the literature. The variations of C s and C m were highly nonlinear and trends of both the variations were similar. It was observed from these variations that the semi-elliptical strut shape exhibited a distinct behavior which was in contrast to two other shapes. Variation in h s resulted in both positive and negative values of coefficients in respect of square with V-notch and square shaped struts, whereas in case of semi-elliptical shape mostly positive values of the coefficients were observed. The maximum positive magnitude of C s was observed at strut heights which were 27% and 57% of the local radius of the nozzle cross section (where the strut was inserted) for square with V-notch and semi-elliptical struts respectively.