bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density functional study of porphyrin distortion effects on redox potential of heme
Authors: Imada Yasuhiro , Nakamura Haruki , Takano Yu
Published: September 2017

Heme is involved in various biochemical roles in hemoproteins. In the present study, the effect of heme distortion on the redox potential was systematically investigated with density functional calculations. We focused on the ruffled and saddled distortions of heme, which correspond to the two lowest‐frequency normal modes. Our computations demonstrated that the ruffled distortion tended to reduce the redox potential of heme and that the transition of the electronic configuration occurred from (dxz, dyz)3(dxy)2 to (dxz, dyz)4(dxy)1. In contrast, the saddled distortion had a tendency toward an increase in the redox potential, and no transition of the electronic configuration occurred. In experiments, these tendencies were found in the relationship between with the heme distortions and the redox potentials in cytochrome c3. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circadian control of pain and neuroinflammation
Authors: Segal Julia P. , Tresidder Kaitlyn A. , Bhatt Charvi , Gilron Ian , Ghasemlou Nader
Published: September 2017

The importance of a neuroinflammatory response to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain have been highlighted in recent years. Inflammatory cells contributing to this response include circulating immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as microglia in the central nervous system. Pain signals are transmitted via sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, which express various receptors and channels that respond to mediators secreted from these inflammatory cells. Chronobiological rhythms, which include the 24‐hr circadian cycle, have recently been shown to regulate both nervous and immune cell activity and function. This review examines the current literature on chronobiological control of neuroinflammatory processes, with a focus on inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. While the majority of this work has stemmed from observational studies in humans, recent advances in using animal models have highlighted distinct mechanisms underlying these interactions. Better understanding interactions between the circadian and neuroimmune systems can help guide the development of new treatments and provide improved care for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain.
Predicting waterbird nest distributions on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska
Authors: Saalfeld Sarah T. , Fischer Julian B. , Stehn Robert A. , Platte Robert M. , Brown Stephen C.
Published: September 2017

The Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska, USA is a globally important region for numerous avian species including millions of migrating and nesting waterbirds. However, data on the current spatial distribution of critical nesting areas and the importance of environmental variables in the selection of nest locations are generally lacking for waterbirds in this region. We modeled nest densities for 6 species of geese and eiders that commonly breed on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, including cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii minima), emperor goose (Chen canagica), black brant (B. bernicla nigricans), greater white‐fronted goose (Anser albifrons frontalis), spectacled eider (Somateria fischeri), and common eider (S. mollissima). The data used were from single‐visit nest searches on 2,318 plots sampled during 29 years from 1985 to 2013. We modeled nest density for each species by combining data across years and using random forests methods and time‐static landscape environmental variables. These models provide the first habitat‐specific predictive distributions of nest density for these species breeding on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska. Predictive performance of the random forests models varied among species, explaining 13–69% of the variance in nest density. For most species, nest density was greatest near the coast and within lowland habitats. Predicted nest densities mapped across the coastal zone of the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta revealed areas of high and low nest densities that can be used to inform management and conservation decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Recreational fishing alters dingo foraging behavior on Fraser Island
Authors: Déaux Eloïse C. , Crowe Trent , Charrier Isabelle
Published: September 2017

Supplemental feeding, whether intentional or accidental, alters wildlife foraging behaviors and may have consequences at the population and ecosystem levels. Wildlife feeding may also cause animals to develop aggressive behaviors toward conspecifics and people. The risks to humans is potentially accrued when the species is a native predator. Food‐based attraction has been implicated in the development of human‐directed aggression in the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) population on Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. Management strategies such as education programs, prohibition of inappropriate human behaviors, and fencing of garbage dumps have been implemented to stop the (intentional or inadvertent) feeding of dingoes by people. Despite these efforts, dingoes continue to obtain human‐sourced food, suggesting that other means of supplemental feeding are still available. One possible source of subsidized food is recreational fishing, which is a popular activity on the island. We conducted a quasi‐experimental study during May–June 2014 of dingo foraging behaviors on the eastern beach of Fraser Island. We video‐recorded the behaviors of lone and groups of dingoes when they were in the vicinity of anglers or by themselves. We hypothesized that if recreational fishing was a source of subsidies to dingoes, then there would be differences in dingo foraging behavior among the 2 groups. We found that in the absence of anglers, dingoes spent 81% of their time engaged in mobile food‐related behaviors. When anglers were present, however, they spent 52% of their time sitting and resting. These results suggest that dingoes shifted from active searching to a sit and wait foraging mode upon detecting recreational anglers. We observed an event in which a dingo spent 2 hours resting near an angler, then dug up the fish remains buried by the man as soon as he had left the area. This and other anecdotal evidence support the view that the changes in dingo foraging activity detected in this study were related to increased opportunities to secure food from anglers. Recreational fishing may play an important role in the inadvertent subsidizing of dingoes on Fraser Island, although further investigations are needed before proposing and implementing additional conservation and management actions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Epidemiology and survival outcomes of sinonasal verrucous carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Alonso Jose E. , Han Albert Y. , Kuan Edward C. , Suh Jeffrey D. , John Maie A. St.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare, variant of squamous cell carcinoma with benign cytohistopathologic features and a generally favorable prognosis. Epidemiologic and clinical outcomes data are lacking as a result of limited cases of sinonasal VC.

Objective

To describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract between the years of 1973 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods

The SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract between 1973 and 2014. Patient data then was analyzed with respect to age, sex, race, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiation therapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated.

Results

A total of 86 cases of VC of the sinonasal tract were identified. The cohort was comprised of 69.8% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.4 years. The nasal cavity was the most common primary site (51.2%), followed by the maxillary sinus (40.7%) and nasopharynx (5.8%). The median OS was 97.6 months. 89.5% of cases underwent surgery and 20.9% received both surgery and radiation therapy. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 73%, 59%, and 36%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (P < 0.05) and primary site (P < 0.05) were associated with worse OS and DSS, respectively. Primary nasopharyngeal tumor site was associated with reduced DSS (P < 0.05). Surgery improved OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Age, primary site, and surgical therapy are independent predictors of OS and DSS, respectively. We present the first population‐based analysis of sinonasal VC, thus clarifying the prognosis and reinforcing the management of this malignancy.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:651–656, 2017
Untreated oral cavity cancer: Long‐term survival and factors associated with treatment refusal
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Kuo Phoebe , Mehra Saral , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: September 2017

Objective

Oral cavity cancer is the most common malignant disease of the head and neck. The natural course of the disease is poorly characterized and unavailable for patient consideration during initial treatment planning. Our primary objective was to outline this natural history, with a secondary aim of identifying predictors of treatment refusal.

Study Design

Retrospective review of adult patients with oral cavity cancer who refused surgery that was recommended by their physician in the National Cancer Database.

Methods

Demographic, tumor, and survival variables were included in the analyses. Multivariate Cox regressions as well as univariate Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted.

Results

Patients who were older, uninsured, had government insurance, or had more advanced disease were more likely to go untreated. Survival among untreated patients was poor, but there was a small proportion of patients surviving long term. Five‐year survival rates ranged from 31.1% among early‐stage patients to 12.6% among stage 4 patients.

Conclusion

Although the natural course of oral cavity cancer carries a poor prognosis, there are a number of patients with longer‐than‐expected survival. The survival estimates may provide supplemental information for patients deciding whether to pursue treatment. In addition to age and extent of disease, system factors such as insurance status and facility case volume are associated with a patient's likelihood of refusing treatment.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:664–669, 2018
Eosinophilic esophagitis in children under the age of 5 years: Clinical characteristics
Authors: Sun Ravi W. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Pesek Robert D. , Johnson Adam B. , Cleves Mario A. , Richter Gresham T.
Published: September 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To delineate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in the youngest of children.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

A 7‐year retrospective chart review of children with clinicopathologic diagnosis of EoE was performed with specific analysis of patients under 5 years old. EoE was defined as the presence of symptoms of esophageal dysfunction with pathologically proven eosinophilic inflammation (≥15 eosinophils per high‐power field [EOS/HPF]) unresponsive to reflux therapy. Patient parameters and clinical results were systematically reviewed.

Results

Of 558 children diagnosed with EoE, 127 (22.8%) were younger than 5 years old (mean age 2.5 years). This subgroup presented with reflux symptoms (90.1%), vomiting (86.2%), diarrhea (55.3%), liquid dysphagia (52.0%), and constipation (50.0%), whereas food impaction (1.6%) was rare. Liquid dysphagia was present at all ages but significantly more common in younger children (P = .0101). The most common food and environmental allergens were egg whites (39.7%), cow's milk (36.5%), peanuts (34.9%), animal dander (15.1%), and weed pollen (11.1%). Patients were managed with antireflux medication (100%), elimination diet (83.5%), and steroid medication (68.5%). After treatment, 86% of parents reported symptom improvement. Mean reduction of EOS in pos‐treatment biopsy was 33.5 EOS/HPF (P < .0001), and 67 patients showed histologic resolution of EoE (56.8%, P < .0001).

Conclusions

Approximately one‐quarter of children with EoE present under 5 years of age with multiple esophageal symptoms, comorbidities, and allergen‐sensitization profiles. These patients demonstrate substantial clinicohistologic improvement following therapy.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:798–805, 2018
Shrub Encroachment Effects on Habitat Heterogeneity and Beetle Diversity in a Mediterranean Coastal Dune System
Authors: Bird Tania L.F. , Dorman Michael , Ramot Adi , Bouskila Amos , Bar (Kutiel) Pua , Groner Elli
Published: September 2017

Coastal dunes are fragile dynamic environments characterised by low productivity and high levels of bare and shifting sands. They are highly threatened by urbanisation and human development. The dunes in Nizzanim Dunes Nature Reserve, Israel, have additionally incurred shrub encroachment following exclusion of grazing and wood extraction from the area.

The temporal changes over the last few decades have been monitored in the Nizzanim Long‐Term Ecological Research project and are reflected by spatial heterogeneity. Some dunes are fixed with high plant cover and associated characteristics, while other dunes are still in semi‐fixed and mobile states.

Measures of beetle abundance, richness and diversity showed significant differences, among dune states. Cluster analysis and ordination of species composition revealed distinct assemblages for three different states, with more psammophilous species found in mobile dunes than in other dune states. Variation within a dune state was not significant for any dune state, while among states species composition was significantly different, demonstrating high β‐diversity between dune states.

Landscape heterogeneity contributes to high β‐diversity and γ‐diversity in the coastal dunes and continued shrub encroachment, and the associated fixation of mobile dunes will lead to habitat homogenisation and a decline in γ‐diversity. This finding highlights the importance of disturbance in dynamic Mediterranean coastal dunes. We recommend a restorative intervention that promotes disturbance and heterogeneity at the landscape level by conserving all three dune states. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for characterizing and matching CT image quality across CT scanners from different manufacturers
Authors: Winslow James , Zhang Yakun , Samei Ehsan
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize the fundamental aspects of image quality (IQ) associated with different computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithms, the resolution, noise texture, noise magnitude per dose, and use those data to devise a methodology to match IQ between different CT systems.

Methods and materials

This study entailed a 3‐step methodology involving (a) characterizing the noise magnitude, texture, and resolution for a CT system‐reconstruction using the relationship between noise magnitude and Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI), noise power spectrum (NPS), and modulation transfer function (MTF), (b) developing clinically relevant strategies of weighting the differences among system‐reconstructions as a means to determine the best match (c) identifying for each target system‐reconstruction, system‐reconstructions with matched in terms of that minimum IQ differences. Images of the ACR CT phantom were acquired at two dose levels on each of two CT scanners. Images were reconstructed using all available reconstruction kernels and multiple iterative reconstruction (IR) settings. Each reconstruction was characterized as described above. Percent changes for each IQ metric were calculated for every possible pair of system‐reconstructions. Weighting functions, reflecting the human visual system's limit to discriminate between spatial frequencies with differences below 5%, were applied to the differences and the product of the weighted values was used to indicate the best match for each system‐reconstruction.

Results

Noise texture and resolution are governed by choice of reconstruction kernel and IR strength, while noise magnitude is additionally dependent on dose. Harder kernels have better resolution, finer noise texture, and increase the required dose for a given noise magnitude, and vice versa. Increasing IR strength generally improves resolution, coarsens noise texture, and lowers the required dose. Seventy‐one percent of Siemens matches for GE target reconstructions had percent changes in noise texture/resolution under 5%. Seventy‐three percent of GE matches for Siemens target reconstructions had percent changes in noise texture/resolution under 5%. ACR phantom images for each matched reconstruction pair appeared similar in both noise magnitude and noise texture.

Conclusion

Matching image appearance in terms of resolution, noise magnitude, and noise texture provides a quantitative and reproducible strategy to improve consistency in image quality among different CT scanners and reconstructions.
Commercial Programs' Online Weight‐Loss Claims Compared to Results from Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Vakil Rachit M. , Chaudhry Zoobia W. , Doshi Ruchi S. , Clark Jeanne M. , Gudzune Kimberly A.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To characterize weight‐loss claims and disclaimers present on websites for commercial weight‐loss programs and compare them with results from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

A content analysis of all home pages and testimonials available on the websites of 24 randomly selected programs was performed. Two team members independently reviewed each page and abstracted information from text and images to capture relevant content, including demographics, weight loss, and disclaimers. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy of these programs by searching MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the mean weight change from each RCT included was abstracted.

Results

Overall, the amount of weight loss portrayed in the testimonials was extreme across all programs examined (range median weight loss 10.7‐49.5 kg). Only 10 out of the 24 programs had eligible RCTs. Median weight losses reported in testimonials exceeded that achieved by trial participants. Most programs with RCTs (78%) provided disclaimers stating that the testimonial's results were nontypical and/or gave a range of typical weight loss.

Conclusions

Weight‐loss claims within testimonials were higher than results from RCTs. Future studies should examine whether commercial programs' advertising practices influence patients' expectations or satisfaction with modest weight‐loss results.
Effects of Moxonidine and Low‐Calorie Diet: Cardiometabolic Benefits from Combination of Both Therapies
Authors: Lambert Elisabeth A. , Sari Carolina I. , Eikelis Nina , Phillips Sarah E. , Grima Mariee , Straznicky Nora E. , Dixon John B. , Esler Murray , Schlaich Markus P. , Head Geoffrey A. , Lambert Gavin W.
Published: September 2017

Objective

Because sympathetic nervous system activity plays a detrimental role in metabolic and cardiovascular health, this study compared the effects of a centrally acting sympatholytic agent, the effects of a weight loss (WL) program using a low‐calorie diet, and the effects of a combination of both.

Methods

Young (18‐30 years) male subjects with overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) were allocated to a WL program (n = 10), a moxonidine treatment course (M; n = 10, 0.4 mg/d), a combination of both (WL + M; n = 11), or to a control (C) group (n = 6) for 6 months. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), endothelial function, renal function (Cockcroft‐Gault formula), and the metabolic profile were assessed before and after intervention.

Results

WL occurred in the WL and WL + M groups (−7.6 ± 1.9 kg, P < 0.001 in both). MSNA and systolic blood pressure decreased similarly in the WL, M, and WL + M groups (by ∼10 bursts/min, P < 0.001, and by ∼9 mm Hg, P < 0.05). All other parameters for the WL, C, and M groups remained unchanged. In the WL + M group, decreased total cholesterol (−0.78 ± 0.23 mmol/L, P < 0.001), decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.49 ± 0.16 mmol/L, P < 0.01), decreased insulin (−6.5 ± 2.8 mmol/L, P < 0.05), and attenuated glomerular hyperfiltration (−19 ± 5 mL/min, P < 0.01) occurred.

Conclusions

The combination of moxonidine with a WL program has beneficial effects on aspects of the metabolic profile and end organ damage in young males with overweight.
Plant Growth–Promoting Bacteria (PGPB): Isolation and Screening of PGP Activities
Authors: Ambrosini Adriana , Passaglia Luciane M. P.
Published: September 2017

Plant roots are associated with numerous and diverse types of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. Plant growth–promoting (rhizo)bacteria (PGPB or PGPR) are isolated from plants crops worldwide, and many of them are used as agricultural inoculants. Agricultural biofertilization and biocontrol of pathogens are eco‐friendly alternatives to chemical usage and have less energy, environmental, and economic costs. PGPB isolation and evaluation are essentials steps for determining bacteria that are able to improve plant development and productivity. In this unit, we present protocols to isolate bacteria from soil and plant roots (“putative” diazotrophic and endospore‐forming bacteria), as well to evaluate some of their beneficial characteristics for the promotion of plant growth (e.g., nitrogen fixation, production of indolic compounds and siderophores, phosphate solubilization, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase activity). © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cycloheptyl‐fused NNO‐ligands as electronically modifiable supports for M(II) (M = Co, Fe) chloride precatalysts; probing performance in ethylene oligo‐/polymerization
Authors: Bariashir Chantsalnyam , Wang Zheng , Du Shizhen , Solan Gregory A. , Huang Chuanbing , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: September 2017

The N,N,O‐cobalt(II), [2,3‐{C4H8C(NAr)}:5,6‐{C4H8C(O)}C5HN]CoCl2 (Ar = 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐MeC6H2 Co1, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐EtC6H2 Co2, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐ClC6H2 Co3, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐FC6H2 Co4) and N,N,O‐iron(II) complexes, [2,3‐{C4H8C(NAr)}:5,6‐{C4H8C(O)}C5HN]FeCl2 (Ar = 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐MeC6H2 Fe1, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐EtC6H2 Fe2, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐ClC6H2 Fe3, 2,6‐(CHPh2)2‐4‐FC6H2 Fe4), each containing one sterically enhanced but electronically modifiable N‐2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐R2‐phenyl group, have been prepared by a one‐pot template approach using α,α′‐dioxo‐2,3:5,6‐bis(pentamethylene)pyridine, the corresponding aniline along with the respective cobalt or iron salt in acetic acid. Distorted square pyramidal geometries are a feature of the molecular structures of Co1–Co4. Upon activation with MAO or MMAO, Co1–Co4 show good activities (up to 2.2 × 105 g mol−1(Co) h−1) affording short chain oligomers (C4–C30) with good α‐olefin selectivity. By contrast, Fe1–Fe4, in the presence of MMAO, displayed moderate activities (up 10.9 × 104 g(PE) mol−1(Fe) h−1) for ethylene polymerization forming low‐molecular‐weight linear polymers (up to 13.0 kg mol−1) incorporating saturated n‐propyl and i‐butyl chain ends. For both cobalt and iron, the precatalysts incorporating the more electron withdrawing 4‐R2‐substituents [Cl (Co3/Fe3), F (Co4/Fe4)] deliver the best catalytic activities, while with cobalt, these types of substituents additionally broaden the oligomeric distribution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3980–3989
Spin‐labeling of polymeric micelles and application in probing micelle swelling using EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Pan Yanxiong , Neupane Sunanda , Farmakes Jasmin , Liu Bingqing , Sun Wenfang , Yang Zhongyu
Published: September 2017

Polymer structure and conformational dynamics are essential to polymer macroscopic properties, but are challenging to probe. We report here a synthetic pathway to chemically add a nitroxide moiety onto block polymers in a mild, aqueous environment and demonstrate its use in a series of polymeric micelles using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The micelles were characterized with several analytical approaches and EPR findings were in general consistent with other approaches. Upon exposure to organic solvents, the line shape changes reflected the micelle swelling and EPR spectral simulations revealed structural information of the swelled micelles. The label introduced via our method can be cleaved and replaced with other probes to report different information site‐specifically. The mild conditions facilitate the future use of EPR in solving biopolymer problems. In combination with other labeling approaches, one can perform polymer spin labeling with different chemistry, so that various information about polymers can be obtained site‐specifically. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1770–1782
Flash DSC crystallization study of blown film grade bimodal high density polyethylene (HDPE) resins. Part 2. Non‐isothermal kinetics
Authors: Treviño‐Quintanilla Cecilia D. , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Bonilla‐Ríos Jaime
Published: September 2017

Non‐isothermal ultra‐fast cooling crystallization tests were conducted on three blown film grade bimodal high density polyethylene (HDPE) resins using a fast differential scanning calorimeter, the Flash DSC. Non‐isothermal tests were performed at cooling rates between 50 and 4000°K/s, and the data were analyzed using the modified Avrami model by Jeziorny (Polymer, 1978, 19, 1142). Non‐isothermal data were used to propose a new method named crystallization–time–temperature–superposition, and the two activation energies were obtained for each of the resins. This is very useful for obtaining theoretical crystallization kinetics data at different cooling rates, allowing its use in ultra‐fast cooling polymer processes such as blown film. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1822–1827
Nerve growth factor inhibitor with novel‐binding domain demonstrates nanomolar efficacy in both cell‐based and cell‐free assay systems
Authors: Kennedy Allison E. , Laamanen Corey A. , Ross Mitchell S. , Vohra Rahul , Boreham Douglas R. , Scott John A. , Ross Gregory M.
Published: September 2017

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is known to regulate the development and survival of a select population of neurons through the binding and activation of the TrkA receptor. Elevated levels of NGF have been associated with painful pathologies such as diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia. However, completely inhibiting the NGF signal could hold significant side effects, such as those observed in a genetic condition called congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA). Previous methods of screening for NGF‐inhibitors used labeling techniques which have the potential to alter molecular interactions. SPR spectroscopy and NGF‐dependent cellular assays were utilized to identify a novel NGF‐inhibitor, BVNP‐0197 (IC50 = 90 nmol/L), the first NGF‐inhibitor described with a high nanomolar NGF inhibition efficiency. The present study utilizes molecular modeling flexible docking to identify a novel binding domain in the loop II/IV cleft of NGF.
Surveillance study on the tolerability and safety of Flebogamma®DIF (10% and 5% intravenous immunoglobulin) in adult and pediatric patients
Authors: Alsina Laia , Mohr Andreas , Montañés Maria , Oliver Xènia , Martín Esperanza , Pons Jaime , Drewe Elizabeth , Papke Jens , Günther Georg , Chee Ronnie , Gompels Mark ,   the investigators of the Flebogamma DIF PASS Study Group
Published: September 2017

Direct comparisons of tolerability and safety of concentrated intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) versus less concentrated products are scarce. In this postauthorization, prospective, observational, multicenter study, a systematic comparison of 10% and 5% concentrations of Flebogamma® DIF IVIG was performed in both adult and pediatric patients treated with the studied IVIG products according to the approved indications under routine conditions. Dose of product administered, adverse events (AEs), physical assessments, laboratory tests, and concomitant therapy were analyzed. Patient recruitment in the 10% and 5% product groups was, respectively, 34 (32 analyzed, 13 of them children, receiving 130 IVIG infusions) and 35 (34 analyzed, receiving 135 IVIG infusions). Twenty‐four infusions (18.5%; 95% CI: 11.8, 25.1) with the 10% product and 3 (2.2%; 95% CI: −0.3, 4.7) with the 5% product were associated with potentially treatment‐related AEs (P < 0.0001). Nine patients (28.1%) infused with the 10% product and 3 (8.8%) infused with the 5% product presented, respectively, 33 and 8 treatment‐related AEs (of which 7 and 6, respectively, were serious AEs, experienced by only three hypersensitive patients). The profile of AEs occurring with the infusion of 10% and 5% products were comparable. The most frequent treatment‐related AEs were headache (n = 17, 3 patients; 15 episodes, 1 patient) and pyrexia (n = 6, 4 patients). In conclusion, no unpredictable risk was detected for both Flebogamma DIF 10% and 5% concentrations, which were therefore deemed as safe and well‐tolerated IVIG in the studied population. The frequency of infusions associated with treatment‐related AEs was lower with the 5% concentration.
Fatal diffuse alveolar haemorrhage mimicking acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with nintedanib
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Sekiya Muneyuki , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Homma Sakae
Published: September 2017

A 75‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with a 1‐year history of persistent dry cough and progressive dyspnoea on exertion. He was treated with aspirin due to thrombosis of internal carotid artery. He was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)/usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and started on inhaled N‐acetylcysteine therapy and pirfenidone. Since his clinical condition progressively deteriorated after 6 months, he was switched from pirfenidone to nintedanib. As a result, his general condition worsened rapidly. He was diagnosed with acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF, and was treated with methylprednisolone pulse and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin. Despite the administration of these treatments, he died of severe haemoptysis four days after the onset of AE. Autopsied lungs revealed significantly dark red‐brown appearance corresponding to diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) histopathogically with a background pattern of UIP with fibrotic change. Notably, there was no evidence of diffuse alveolar damage suggesting IPF‐AE.
Efficacy of an acoustic hailing device as an avian dispersal tool
Authors: Schlichting Peter E. , Holland Amanda E. , Beasley James C. , Bryan Albert L. , Kennamer Robert A. , DeVault Travis L. , Blackwell Bradley F. , Rhodes Olin E.
Published: September 2017

Bird strikes are a major safety and financial concern for modern aviation. Audible stimuli are common bird dispersal techniques, but their effectiveness is limited by the saliency and relevance of the stimulus. Furthermore, high ambient sound levels present at airfields might require that effective audible stimuli rely more on total volume (i.e., exceeding physiological tolerances) than ecological relevance. Acoustic hailing devices (AHD) are capable of sound output with a narrow beam width and at volumes high enough to cause physical discomfort at long distances. We tested the effectiveness of an AHD as a dispersal tool on free‐ranging birds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety at the Savannah River Site and Phinizy Swamp Nature Park in South Carolina and Georgia, USA, respectively, between October 2013 and March 2015. Our study design included experimental trials with timed‐interval counts of birds directly before and after AHD treatment. For most species, counts of birds associated with treatment periods (use of AHD) and control periods (no use of AHD) occurred on different days. Sound treatments yielded variable success at dispersing birds. Specifically, AHD treatment was effective for dispersing vultures (Coragyps atratus and Cathartes aura) and gulls (Laridae), but ineffective for dispersing blackbirds (Icteridae), diving ducks (Aythya spp., Bucephala spp., Oxyura spp.), and coots (Fulica americana). Trials were conducted in a relatively quiet environment with birds that were unhabituated to excessive noise; thus, we cannot unequivocally recommend an AHD as a universally effective avian dispersing tool. However, future research should consider AHD testing integrated with other methods, as well as investigation of treatments that might be salient to specific target species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Xeronine structure and function: computational comparative mastery of its mystery
Authors: Sanni David Morakinyo , Fatoki Toluwase Hezekiah , Kolawole Ayodele Oluseyi , Akinmoladun Afolabi Clement
Published: September 2017

Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit has a long history of dietary use in tropical regions of the world. Pharmacological properties that have been attributed to the fruit include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Xeronine, a small alkaloid which has been patented (US4543212) is one of the bioactive compounds of Noni fruit, which is believed to be capable of modifying the molecular structure of specific inactive proteins thereby regulating proper folding to active enzymes. Despite reports of the potential of Xeronine as therapeutic agent, its presence is controversial and its structure has not been explored. In this study, standard chemoinformatics tools and servers such as ChemSketch, ChemMine, Swisstargetprediction, SwissADME and Swisssimilarity have been employed to predict its possible structure. In addition, synthetic xeronine structures based on the known bioactive components of Noni fruit were designed. Results showed that the hypothetical structure of xeronine provided by the patent inventor is a mystery based on its <5% probable protein targets and no similarity match to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and experimental compounds by in silico evaluation. By constrast, final designed xeronine structure possess all the features that were described in the patent document, and has >40% probable protein targets related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which possibly justifies the key function stated in the patent.
Mothers', fathers', and siblings' perceptions of parents' differential treatment of siblings: Links with family relationship qualities
Authors: Jensen Alexander C. , McHale Susan M.
Published: September 2017

A family systems perspective directs attention to the potentially different experiences and perspectives of family members. This study examined parents' differential treatment (PDT) of siblings, discrepancies between parent and youth reports of PDT, and their links with relationships between adolescents and their mothers and fathers across three years. Participants were first‐ (Time 1 M age = 15.71, SD = 1.07) and secondborn (Time 1 M age = 13.18, SD = 1.29) siblings from 381, predominately white, working and middle class families. Analyses revealed that siblings' perceptions of being favored predicted less conflict with and greater warmth from both mothers and fathers, primarily for secondborn adolescents. Larger discrepancies between maternal and youth reports of differential affection were linked to more maternal conflict and less warmth for firstborns. These findings may suggest a hierarchy within families: parents may serve as referents for firstborns and firstborns as referents for secondborns.
Restless legs syndrome secondary to pontine infarction: Clinical analysis of five cases
Authors: Tuo Hou‐Zhen , Tian Ze‐Long , Cui Yi‐Nong , Ma Xiao‐Yang , Xu Chun‐Ling , Bi Hong‐Yan , Zhang Li‐Yan , Zhang Yong‐Bo , Le Wei‐Dong , Ondo William
Published: September 2017

Objective

Pontine infarction is a common type of stroke in the cerebral deep structures, resulting from occlusion of small penetrating arteries, may manifest as hemi‐paralysis, hemi‐sensory deficit, ataxia, vertigo, and bulbar dysfunction, but patients presenting with restless legs syndrome (RLS) are extremely rare. Herein, we reported five cases with RLS as a major manifestation of pontine infarction.

Methods

Five cases of pontine infarction related RLS were collected from July 2013 to February 2016. The diagnosis of RLS was made according to criteria established by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) in 2003. Neurological functions were assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Severity of RLS was based on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS‐RS). Sleep quality was assessed by Epworth Rating Scale (ERS), and individual emotional and psychological states were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS).

Results

The laboratory data at the onset including hemoglobin, serum concentration of homocysteine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, and thyroid hormones were normal. The electroencephalogram (EEG), lower‐extremity somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in four limbs were normal. The average period of follow‐up was 34.60 ± 12.76 months. The MRI examination showed acute or subacute pontine infarction lesions, 3 cases in the rostral inner side, 1 case in the rostral lateral and inner side, and 1 case in rostral lateral side. The neurological deficits included weakness in 4 cases, contralateral sensory deficit in 1 case, and ataxia in 2 cases. All 5 patients presented with symptom of RLS at or soon after the onset of infarction and 4 patients experienced uncomfortable sensations in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the ischemic lesion. Their neurological deficits improved significantly 2 weeks later, but the symptoms of RLS did not resolve. Among them, 3/5 patients were treated with dopaminergic drugs. At the end of the follow‐up, RLS symptom eventually resolved in 3 patients but persisted in two. The IRLS‐RS, NIHSS and mRS scores were significantly lower at the onset than those at the last follow‐up (P = 0.035, 0.024 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the ERS, HDS and HAS scores (P = 0.477, 0.226 and 0.778, respectively).

Conclusion

RLS can be an onset manifestation of pontine infarction, clinicians should be aware of this potential symptom. RLS usually occurs in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the infarction lesion. The pathogenesis still needs further investigation.
Nunca hemos sido humanos. Reseña del libro Lo posthumano (2015), de Rosi Braidotti
Authors: Sued Gabriela
Published: September 2017

Nunca hemos sido humanos. Rese˜na del libro Lo posthumano (2015), de Rosi Braidotti
Consumer Search of Multiple Information Sources and its Impact on Consumer Price Satisfaction
Authors: Jang Sungha , Prasad Ashutosh , Ratchford Brian T.
Published: September 2017

When making important purchase decisions, consumers often consult multiple information sources. This paper examines how consumers allocate their search time across offline and Internet sources using survey data from new automobile purchases. Our analysis shows how time spent on Internet sources interrelates with time spent on offline sources, such as car dealerships, and vice versa. Furthermore, we examine whether longer search times imply higher price satisfaction as an outcome of search. A simultaneous equations Tobit model with latent classes is used. Analysis of a decade of survey data reveals two automobile purchaser segments of which the larger one accounts for 91% of observations. Based on this, we find that (1) specific website types can complement or substitute for offline information sources and for each other and (2) longer search times result in increased price satisfaction but only on specific information sources. Our findings provide automobile manufacturers and dealers an insightful way to utilize and manage different sources for product and price information provision.
Syncope and the risk of sudden cardiac death: Evaluation, management, and prevention
Authors: Koene Ryan J. , Adkisson Wayne O. , Benditt David G.
Published: September 2017

Syncope is a clinical syndrome defined as a relatively brief self‐limited transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) caused by a period of inadequate cerebral nutrient flow. Most often the trigger is an abrupt drop of systemic blood pressure. True syncope must be distinguished from other common non‐syncope conditions in which real or apparent TLOC may occur such as seizures, concussions, or accidental falls. The causes of syncope are diverse, but in most instances, are relatively benign (e.g., reflex and orthostatic faints) with the main risks being accidents and/or injury. However, in some instances, syncope may be due to more worrisome conditions (particularly those associated with cardiac structural disease or channelopathies); in such circumstances, syncope may be an indicator of increased morbidity and mortality risk, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Establishing an accurate basis for the etiology of syncope is crucial in order to initiate effective therapy. In this review, we focus primarily on the causes of syncope that are associated with increased SCD risk (i.e., sudden arrhythmic cardiac death), and the management of these patients. In addition, we discuss the limitations of our understanding of SCD in relation to syncope, and propose future studies that may ultimately address how to improve outcomes of syncope patients and reduce SCD risk.
The Relationship Between Incontinence and Erectile Dysfunction After Robotic Prostatectomy: Are They Mutually Exclusive?
Authors: Tsikis Savas T. , Nottingham Charles U. , Faris Sarah F.
Published: September 2017

Background

Urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) remain the most common long-term complications of prostatectomy, with a significant impact on sexual health and quality of life.

Aims

To determine the relation between UI and moderate to severe ED and the risk factors for UI in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

Methods

Patients in our institutional database who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostate cancer (2006–2013) and who completed the University of California–Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) surveys at 12 months after prostatectomy were eligible for inclusion. Men who reported use of no urinary pads per day were considered continent, whereas men who used at least one pad per day were considered incontinent. Men with moderate to severe ED based on a SHIM score no higher than 11 were considered to have ED. Patients who had preoperative moderate to severe ED and/or UI based on these definitions were excluded from further analysis.

Outcomes

A better understanding of what increases the risk for UI after a prostatectomy and how it can co-occur with ED.

Results

We analyzed 464 patients who met the inclusion criteria. After prostatectomy, 36% of patients had UI and 47% of patients had moderate to severe ED. Of all patients with ED, 45% (98 of 216) were incontinent compared with 27% (67 of 248) of patients without ED (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, older age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, P = .002) and ED (OR = 1.88, P = .005) were independent predictors for incontinence. The use of unilateral nerve sparing (OR = 1.03, P = .94) or no nerve sparing (OR = 0.53, P = .50) during surgery did not have an impact on postoperative incontinence.

Clinical Implications

Understanding that ED is an independent predictor of UI after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has important clinical implications and suggests a common anatomic pathway.

Strengths and Limitations

Our focus on different measurements of incontinence and their relation to ED and our use of validated questionnaires to define incontinence and ED were important strengths of this study. Limitations of our study include its retrospective nature and the fact that our results were drawn from a single-center database of a tertiary referral hospital.

Conclusion

Our results show that the presence of moderate to severe ED after prostatectomy is an independent risk factor for incontinence, suggesting a possible common pathway for these two complications. Further studies to investigate the anatomic and clinical bases of this relation are warranted.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfunction in Chinese Adult Males
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Yang Bin , Li Ni , Li Hongjun
Published: September 2017

Background

There is a lack of nationwide epidemiologic survey data on the prevalence estimate of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese men living on the mainland China.

Aim

To attain the representative prevalence estimate of ED in the Chinese male population and to analyze potential risk factors associated with ED by demographics, socioeconomic status, and medical comorbidities.

Methods

The study was community based. The five-item Internation Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and in-person interview were used to obtain data. The survey subjects were 5,210 non-institutionalized Chinese men at least 40 years old residing in 30 provinces and autonomies of China. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to disclose risk factors associated with ED.

Outcomes

The prevalence estimate of ED was 40.56% in Chinese men at least 40 years old.

Results

The prevalence of ED increased with increasing age. A significant high prevalence of ED was observed in men who smoked heavily, were estranged from a partner, had diabetes, and lower urinary tract symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Smoking more than 30 cigarettes daily and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) significantly increased the risk for ED by multivariable-adjusted odds ratios. Stable or erratic sexual partners, personal incomes, alcohol consumption, and cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular diseases were not risk factors associated with ED prevalence. Other sexual problems commonly seen in this group of men included difficulty achieving erectile rigidness, ejaculation, and climax during intercourse.

Clinical Translation

Knowledge on the prevalence of ED and its associated risk factors will help physicians in the clinical management and prevention of ED with the use of counseling for lifestyle adjustment and drug therapy.

Strengths and Limitations

Data on the influence of psychological conditions on ED were not collected. ED was not categorized as minor, moderate, or severe for analysis during processing of data.

Conclusion

The national representative prevalence of ED was determined for the first time in the Chinese male population.