bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: exceptional and challenging presentation
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Gabes, Gabes 6000, Tunisia, Bouomrani Salem , Riahi Sihem ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Gabes, Gabes 6000, Tunisia, Ben Houchet Marwa ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Gabes, Gabes 6000, Tunisia,   Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
Published: September 2021

Vesiculobullous lesions can be developed by less than 5% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among these lesions, bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is one of the rarest and most challenging cutaneous presentations of the disease. Its frequency in the largest series of 5149 patients with cutaneous lupus was 0.19%, and the majority of cases are reported as sporadic observation or small series not exceeding ten cases. We report the original observation of BSLE revealing SLE in 32-year-old Tunisian Woman. This atypical presentation of cutaneous lupus deserves to be known by clinicians and discussed in front of any bullous dermatosis, particularly in young woman.
The possible role of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the leading and trailing edges of the breast cancer cell line
Authors:   Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq, AL-Fahad Dhurgam
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Phosphoinositides play a key role in the regulation of focal adhesions (FAs) turnover during cell adhesion and migration. However, their potential role in FA turnover at leading and trailing edge of cell are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate their spatial co-localisation with paxillin directly at leading and trailing edge of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Materials and methods: Cell lines and cell culture experiments were done using MDA-MB-231human adenocarcinoma cells. Co-trnasfection and confocal microscopy were performed to visualise phosphoinositides and FAs by using GFP-C1-PLCdelta-PH/Btk-PH-GFP and 3 μɡ paxillin-RFP as biosensors. Then, ImageJ was used to measure co-localisation point between Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) or Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and paxillin Spearman's rank correlation value was taken between PtdIns(4,5)P2/PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Results: Our results demonstrate that the spatial co-localistion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with FA at leading and trailing age of cell were slightly changed. Conclusions: This suggests that PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 play an equal role at the leading and trailing edges of the cancer metastasis through interaction with FA proteins.
How to Design and Apply an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Medical Education?
Authors:   Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt, Elshama Said Said ,   College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is considered a gold standard summative and formative assessment method wherein it is a comprehensive and standardized tool assessing the clinical competencies including psychomotor domain, attitudes, and behaviors that will be manifested in the real work of the medical graduates. Therefore, the implementation of OSCE depends on the design of a blueprint that consists of two axes; the first axis is the tested competencies according to the learning objectives while the second axis represents a system or problem that is related to these competencies. Thus, the blueprint of OSCE is a translation for the learning objectives into clinical competences such as history taking, physical examination, radiographic and laboratory data interpretation, technical skills, attitudinal behaviors, and counseling skills. In addition, the utility index proved that OSCE has a good balance for acceptability, reliability, validity, credibility, feasibility, cost, and educational impact. However, the use of OSCE for the students' assessment is considered expensive and exhausted because it requires many facilities, a great deal of the personnel besides the needed consuming time for its application.
Case Report: When Shingles Disrupts Bladder Function
Authors:   Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston, NJ 07039, United States, Campeas Aaron ,   Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine New York, NY 10027, United States, Basile Eric J. ,   Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston, NJ 07039, United States,   Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine New York, NY 10027, United States
Published: September 2021

Varicella Zoster (shingles) virus is a double stranded DNA in the Herpesviridae family that can present as both chicken pox and as shingles. The virus enters through the respiratory system, replicating in the nasopharynx, and causes a viremia upon primary infection. Varicella Zoster spreads to other organs and often lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglion. Reactivation of the virus is more common in older or immunocompromised patients and often presents as a painful vesicular rash in a unilateral dermatomal distribution with possible concurrent radiculopathy. A rare complication of herpes zoster is urinary dysfunction. We report a case of a 42-year-old patient diagnosed with herpes zoster whose primary complaint was left buttock pain and a maculovesicular rash in the S2-S4 dermatomal distribution. She was prescribed Valacyclovir and began to experience urinary retention two days after starting the medication.
John Dewey e a Escola Nova no Brasil
Authors: Pampolha Bevilaqua Aluisio
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo é uma reflexão sobre as ideias filosóficas e pedagógicas de John Dewey, presentes no Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova no Brasil, lançado em 1932, em São Paulo. Seu ponto de partida é a hipótese de que o sistema pedagógico de Dewey, traduzido no Manifesto da Escola Nova, alterou substancialmente seu significado. Com base na dialética marxista, sugere que este fato resulta tanto da singularidade do processo histórico da sociedade brasileira, em especial do seu sistema educacional, quanto do próprio modelo teórico deste pedagogo. A pesquisa identifica as ideias e categorias filosóficas de Dewey, no escopo do Manifesto escolanovista, compara o significado das mesmas nos respectivos sistemas pedagógicos, apoiada na relação destes às bases empíricas dos quais são abstraídos e formas ideológicas que os mediatizam.
Políticas públicas de energia alternativa
Authors: Santos de Morais Josiel Francisco
Published: September 2021

O artigo conclui que o Brasil precisa de políticas públicas no que diz respeito à exploração de energia alternativa e dos recursos naturais extraídos na produção de gás metano. Cabe ao governo incentivar a criação de aterro sanitário e de estação de tratamento de esgoto e estimular a produção de placas solares e de turbinas como fontes geradoras de energia limpa. As novas matrizes energéticas como: solar e eólica irão ajudar o meio ambiente a se recuperar e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida para a sociedade, pois irão reduzir a exploração de resíduos fósseis, carvão e outros minerais, que têm contribuído para o aumento da poluição, o que, além disso, irá reduzir a contaminação da água, solo e ar. Portanto, tende a contribuir para a redução de monóxido de carbono e dióxido de carbono na atmosfera, ajudando assim, a reduzir seus efeitos danosos na camada de ozônio e a mitigar o aquecimento global.
Homens plenos, sem enigmas
Authors: Fernandes Villela Fábio
Published: September 2021

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar um feixe de possibilidades das relações entre “educação e trabalho” em Cuba. Trata-se de alguns resultados de nossa pesquisa de pós-doutorado intitulada “A escola da justiça global”, onde abordamos os desafios e as possibilidades da educação e trabalho na América Latina. Nesse sentido, partimos da problemática histórico-teórico do tema, formação de “homens plenos” e tematizamos um tipo ideal de homem pleno. Problematizamos especificamente as questões relativas aos intelectuais e a organização trabalho pedagógico nas “escolas no campo” em Cuba (1960-1975). E por fim, abordamos as possibilidades da justiça global na América Latina contemporânea.
Editorial
Authors: CEPPES
Published: September 2021

Com a publicação do nº 4 da edição digital e o nº 12 da edição impressa completam-se dez anos de atividade de nosso periódico científico. Como principal lição que tiramos da experiência até o momento temos a confirmação de nossa missão o definida quando do primeiro número: o primado da construção teórica sobre a prática e a necessária fusão dessa com a primeira expressa na categoria práxis, como atividade humana criativa.
Cinema e Acontecimento Comunicacional: a experiência cinematográfica pode ser transcendente?
Authors: Vieira Ferreira Wilson Roberto
Published: September 2021

Desde as suas origens o cinema traria ainda dentro de si a potencialidade em transcender a si mesmo e mudar vidas de espectadores ao transformar a experiência estética em um acontecimento. O cinema é um sintoma da sociedade mas, por outro lado, é um elemento operacional do contínuo midiático. Porém, em certos momentos e em dados contextos podem ocorrer experiências de quebras e brechas no princípio de realidade. A partir dos conceitos de Acontecimento e Comunicação seria possível capturar e refletir esses momentos efêmeros de ruptura.
A educação e contra tendências à crise orgânica do capital
Authors: Pampolha Bevilaqua Aluisio
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa as teorias sobre o capital humano e a teoria marxista sobre a crise, estabelecendo quadro comparativo entre ambas, partindo do pressuposto que a atual crise do sistema capitalista é uma crise distinta das que se manifestaram até agora por seu caráter estrutural, orgânico e de transição para outro modo de produção. Procura entender crise da organicidade do capital e estabelecer pistas para sua superação.

. . . .
Postpartum Diagnosis of a Recurrent Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Shepp Kasey , Paterniti Thomas A. , Kozman Diana , Forehand William , Arora Tania K. , Martin Elizabeth , Page Renee
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare in pregnancy, and typically present in the second trimester with size-greater-than-dates, abdominal pain, or nonspecific symptoms.

Case: A 31-year-old gravida 1 female presented in the postpartum period with weight loss, cachexia, an abdominal mass, and persistent unexplained tachycardia. She was found to have a recurrent metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor and pulmonary emboli. She was anticoagulated and treated with neoadjuvant imatinib therapy with excellent initial response. Unfortunately, she died one year later due to complications of her disease and treatment.

Conclusion: Malignancy should be considered in a pregnant woman with size-greater-than-dates or with an abdominal mass, especially when associated with unexplained weight loss and a history of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, as the recurrence rate is high without continued maintenance therapy. Delivery at 35 to 37 weeks is recommended, and involvement of a multidisciplinary team improves outcomes.
دراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيوكيمياوية لمسحوق وزيت بذور الفجل الاحمرRaphanus SativusL.
Authors: خلف أنوار احمد , الحديدي ياسمين إسماعيل , هجيج جدوع محمد
Published: September 2021

هدفت الدراسة الحالية دراسة وتقدير بعض الخواص الفيزيوكيمياوية لبذور نبات الفجل والتي شملت الرطوبة والرماد ومحتواه من العناصر المعدنية ونسبة الزيت المستخلص وكثافته ولزوجته ونسبة البروتين المستخلص من بذوره خلال أوقات وارقام هيدروجينية مختلفة وتحديد الظروف المثلى لاستخلاصه , حيث بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة ان نسبة الرطوبة 1.4% والرماد 8.32% اما نسبة الزيت المستخلص من البذور كانت( 1 ، 3 ،  1.5  ) مل عند الفترات الزمنية  (1، 2 ، 3) ساعة على التوالي ، اما بالنسبة لبعض خواص الزيت المستخلص فقد بلغت (0.943) غم / سم 3و (38.20)   pa للكثافة واللزوجة على الترتيب , وبينت نتائج هذه الدراسة إن نسبة استخلاص البروتين  حيث سجلت (0.08،  0.12  ،  0.21 ، 0.38   ) غم عند الارقام الهيدروجينية المختلفة وهي (4 , 7 , 9  ، 12) على التوالي , وان أفضل كفاءة استخلاص كانت عند الرقم الهيدروجيني (12)  وان كفاءة الاستخلاص للبروتينات النباتية تزداد بزيادة الارقام القاعدية مقارنة بالارقام الحامضية  اما بالنسبة للمدد الزمنية المستعملة بالتجربة كانت( 1  ,  2 , 3 , 24) ساعة وكانت نسب الاستخلاص ( 0.5 , 1.8, 1.5 ,  2) غم وان أفضل مدة زمنية لاستخلاص البروتين كانت عند 24 ساعة ، اما بالنسبة للعناصر المعدنية لمسحوق البذور فقد احتوت على الكالسيوم و المغنسيوم والزنك و المنغنيز والنحاس والنيكل  الفجل وتميزت باحتوائها على نسبة عالية من الكالسيوم و المغنيسيوم حيث بلغت  15 ، 5.6 ppm   على التوالي ,   إن احتواء بذور نبات الفجل على هذه القيم الغذائية والمكونات الكيميائية هي دلالة على وظائفه الحيوية والتغذوية والوقائية للجسم
تقييم بعض الصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه نهر دجلة في مدينة الضلوعية، صلاح الدين
Authors: محمد هبه حمد , خميس حميد سلمان
Published: September 2021

تم تقييم العوامل الفيزيائية والكيميائية على مجرى نهر دجلة في مدينة الضلوعية لخمس محطات اولها في ناحية النهرين التابعة لقضاء الضلوعية والثانية تقع في منطقة الحويجة البحرية وتبعد عن المحطة الاولى KM4 والمحطة الثالثة في قرية الصديق وتبعدkm3 عن المحطة السابقة وتقع المحطة الرابعة في قرية بيشكان جنوب شرق الضلوعية وتبعد عن المحطة السابقة km3.5 اما المحطة الخامسة تقع في نهاية المنطقة قبل نقطة التقاء نهري دجلة والعظيم وتبعد 2.5km عن المحطة خلال مدة الدراسة من شهر ايلول 2020 ولغاية شهر شباط 2021 شملت الدراسة قياس بعض العوامل الفيزيائية والكيميائية (درجة حرارة الهواء، درجة حرارة المياه، والكدرة، وقابلية التوصيل الكهربائي، والاس الهيدروجيني، والاوكسجين المذاب، والمتطلب الحيوي للأوكسجين، والعسرة الكلية، وعسرة الكالسيوم، وعسرة المغنيسيوم) والمغذيات النباتية (السليكا، النترات، الفوسفات).    اظهرت النتائج ان درجات حرارة الهواء قد تراوحت ما بين (12.5- 30.5) درجة مئوية، وسجلت حرارة المياه قيما تراوحت ما بين (11.5 - 27.3) درجة مئوية. اما بالنسبة للكدرة فقد تراوحت ما بين (3.25-146) N.T.U. وتراوحت قيم التوصيلية ما بين (145-651) مايكروسمنس/سم، وكانت قيم الاس الهيدروجيني ما بين (7.4-7.95) ولوحظ بان قيم الاوكسجين المذاب تراوحت ما بين (7.4-12.5) ملغم/لتر واعتمادا على قيم المتطلب الحيوي للأوكسجين كانت مياهها متوسطة النظافة فبلغت مستوياتها ما بين (0.1-2.9) ملغم/لتر ،اما العسرة الكلية ما بين (110-218.267) ملغم/لتر وعسرة الكالسيوم ما بين (64.640-102.579) وعسرة المغنيسيوم ما بين (18.3-43.214)ملغم/لتر تراوحت ،اما بالنسبة للمغذيات النباتية فقد تراوحت قيم السليكا ما بين (0.02-4.2) ملغم/لتر . اما النترات فسجلت قيما تراوحت ما بين (0.359-1.26) مايكروغرام/لتر وتراوحت قيم الفوسفات ما بين (0.02-3.6) مايكروغرام/لتر .
Si një udhëtim drite drejt së panjohurës
Authors: Radi Jozef
Published: September 2021

Vepra “Përtej Harrimit” e Ermira Xhomaqit, mbetet një studim tejet shkencor, një punim që fare mirë mund të kishte qenë një temë e spikatur doktorature. Edhe për këtë fakt, ajo meriton të lexohet, të kuptohet, të përhapet dhe të merret si model për të tjera vepra. Leximi i këtij libri i ngjan aq shumë një udhëtimi drejt së panjohurës… ku një shpirt Kolombi ecën me guxim të çmendur drejt botëve të zhytura në harresë, me mesazhin e madh të dritës...

Është me vend të citohen këto vargje të gjetura në dorëshkrimet e Ramit, e që vijnë nga skëterra e birucave të Burrelit.

Është me vend të citohen këto vargje të gjetura në dorëshkrimet e Ramit, e që vijnë nga skëterra e birucave të Burrelit.

Qysh? Asnjë s’do të mbesë historinë të vajtojë? Të martirëve të copëtuar?

Binjakëve, grave të ve, kujtimin t’u rehatojë? Nga xhelatët e mallkuar?
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: September 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2021.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 10, No. 5
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: September 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2021
Naleving van cao-bepalingen
Authors: van den Bor Cara
Published: September 2021

Naleving van cao-bepalingen

In dit artikel wordt naar aanleiding van twee recente zaken bij de Hoge Raad (HR 19 maart 2021 (FNV/Vennootschap X) en HR 9 april 2021 (Inforcontracting/SNCU)) nader ingegaan op de vraag in hoeverre vakbonden en paritaire handhavingsorganen die bij cao zijn aangewezen, naleving van cao-bepalingen in de individuele arbeidsovereenkomsten kunnen vorderen.
Notas sobre o colapso da ciência no Brasil
Authors: Silva Júnior João Dos Reis , Eleuterio Fargoni Everton Henrique
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, problematizamos as razões da crise da ciência brasileira, tendo como epicentro da análise o colapso do financiamento de pesquisas na segunda década do século XXI. Nesse contexto, com reformas políticas neoliberais e bloqueio dos fundos de financiamento, as universidades estatais brasileiras e seus pesquisadores encaram um dos momentos mais críticos para produzirem conhecimento. Nesse propósito, inicialmente recuperamos evidências da conjuntura que antecede e sucede as eleições de 2018 até a circunstância global do período analisado. Em seguida, brevemente, refletimos como o capital financeiro absorve a ciência reduzindo-a em tecnociência. Apresentamos dados da decadência no financiamento público à ciência e pesquisa. Analisamos o movimento da história política brasileira e seu processo de mudança no modelo econômico para o regime de predominância financeira, com início na década de 1990 por meio da Reforma do Aparelho do Estado. Configuração econômica que permanece na base política brasileira na regulação das contas públicas. Por fim, produzimos notas exploratórias sobre o colapso da ciência no Brasil. Trata-se de um artigo que analisa e faz crítica a reconfiguração por que se passa a universidade estatal, o trabalho do pesquisador e o decréscimo do fomento à pesquisa no Brasil.
Sight distances at unsignalized intersections: a comparison of guidelines and requirements for human drivers and autonomous vehicles
Authors: Magyari Zsófia , Koren Csaba , Kieć Mariusz , Borsos Attila
Published: September 2021

Many traffic accidents are caused by unforeseen and unexpected events in a site that was hidden from the driver's eyes. Road design parameters determining required visibility are based on relationships formulated decades ago. It is worth reviewing them from time to time in the light of technological developments. In this paper, sight distances for stopping and crossing situations are studied in relation to the assumed visual abilities of autonomous vehicles. Current sight distance requirements at unsignalized intersections are based among others on speeds on the major road and on ac-cepted gaps by human drivers entering or crossing from the minor road. Since these requirements vary from country to country, regulations and sight terms of a few selected countries are compared in this study. From the comparison it is remarkable that although the two concepts, i.e. gap acceptance on the minor road and stopping on the major road have different backgrounds, but their outcome in terms of required sight distances are similar. Both distances are depending on speed on the major road: gap sight distances show a linear, while stopping sight distances a parabolic function. In general, European SSD values are quite similar to each other. However, the US and Australian guidelines based on gap acceptance criteria recommend higher sight distances. Human capabilities and limitations are considered in sight field requirements. Autonomous vehicles survey their environment with sensors which are different from the human vision in terms of identifying objects, estimating distances or speeds of other vehicles. This paper compares current sight field requirements based on conventional vehicles and those required for autonomous vehicles. Visibility requirements were defined by three vision indicators: distance, angle of view and resolution abilities of autonomous cars and human drivers. These indicators were calculated separately for autonomous vehicles and human drivers for various speeds on the main road and for intersections with 90° and 60° angles. It was shown that the required sight distances are 10 to 40 meters shorter for autonomous vehicles than for conventional ones.
Analysis of the results of the audit of lighting parameters at pedestrian crossings in Warsaw
Authors: Tomczuk Piotr , Chrzanowicz Marcin , Mackun Tomasz , Budzyński Marcin
Published: September 2021

The night time, based on many world studies, generates an increased risk of serious accidents (with fatalities and serious injuries). This is especially true for accidents with pedestrians. Pedestrian crossings are very sensitive to the influence of the time of day in terms of pedestrian safety, elements of road infrastructure. This is visible on the example of Poland, where numerous accidents at crosswalks are recorded, characterized by high severity at night. Road infra-structure managers take corrective actions to improve this condition. An example of such work is the Road Safety Audit (RSA), initiated in 2016 by the Municipal Roads Management Board in Warsaw. The analyses carried out by the au-thors, among others, in the years 2016 - 2019, included pedestrian crossings without traffic lights located on roads managed by ZDM (Municipal Roads Authority) in twelve districts: Bemowo, Bielany, Mokotów, Ochota, Praga Połud-nie, Praga Północ, Śródmieście, Targówek, Ursynów, Wawer, Włochy, Żoliborz. The assessment was carried out in terms of the correct lighting of these passages, traffic organization, geometry and environmental impact. The main aim of the article is to present a methodology for evaluating the technical condition of road lighting infrastructure on a large scale (e.g. district, city). The article discusses the general and detailed state of pedestrian safety in Poland against the background of research conducted in Warsaw. The procedure of inspection and assessment of the state of lighting of pedestrian crossings is described and selected results are presented. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the results of individual pedestrian crossings, the general condition of the tested crossings was assessed and recommendations were indicated. An attempt was made to assess the influence of pedestrian crossings lighting on the general state of road safety. A critical evaluation of the obtained effects was made. The utilitarian aim of the article is to apply the described methodology in other cities and to use the results of the conducted analyses to plan and implement road investments in the field of modernization of lighting at pedestrian crossings on a large scale.
THE ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS FOR FINES IN
POLAND AFTER 2015
Authors: Mielnik Daniel , Kierzynka Rafał
Published: September 2021

The subject of the article is the analysis of the model of substitute imprisonment for a fine adopted after the substantive amendment of the criminal executive law that entered into force in 2015. In the opinion of the Authors, the legislative changes at that time involuntarily contributed to a radical increase in adjudicated substitute penalties and, consequently, the costs of functioning of the justice system. The article presents also preliminary recommendations aimed at changing this state.
ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS BY THOMAS KUHN
Authors: Sadowski Arkadiusz
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze selected aspects of the theory of sustainable development as a potentially new paradigm in economic theory. The paper presents the concept of the economics of sustainable development in the context of the theory of scientific revolutions developed by Thomas Khun. The study focuses on such issues as externalities and the functioning of the economy in the macrosystem, including society and the environment. Their inclusion in the economics of sustainable development has allowed the assessment of such fundamental aspects as the voluntary nature of transactions or the social effects of running a business from a different perspective. Based on conducted analyses and the review of the literature, it has been noted that the main assumptions of the economics of sustainable development constitute some sort of anomaly, and perhaps even a revolution in relation to classical economics (understood, in this study, as a general theoretical concept that proclaims the reliability of the market mechanism, as well as the convergence of individual interests of producers and consumers with collective interests). In the context of Khun’s concept, it has been pointed out that a possible future paradigm of economics will not constitute so much disapproval of the present one but will make it more comprehensive and will approach economic problems from a different perspective.
On Implementation of Plants in the Indoor Environment in Intelligent Buildings
Authors: Franek Ondřej , Jarský Čeněk
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the research of the influence of plants on the potential energy savings in the field of ventilation of intelligent buildings. It is known that selected plants can effectively reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide even in the indoor environment of buildings in poor lighting conditions. The paper presents a theoretical simulation method that shows the potential of selected plants to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the indoor environment and thus reduce the requirement for the amount of supplied air in intelligent buildings which are air-conditioned based on the current and required concentration of carbon dioxide. The results of the research are very influential; in terms of overall percentage savings, plants have the most significant effect in buildings with lower indoor air quality (IDA4+), while they have a less significant effect in areas with high air quality according to carbon dioxide concentration (IDA2, IDA3). Research with the help of computer simulation shows that the implementation of 1 m2 of living green plants, depending on the quality class of the IDA indoor environment, can bring savings on the amount of supplied air in the range of 0.058 % to 1.997 % for a typical office for 4 people.
Understanding Drivers of Renewable Energy Firm’s Performance
Authors: Morina Fatbardha , Ergün Uğur , Hysa Eglantina
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers of profitability for renewable energy companies in the European Union (EU) during the period of 2004–2018. Specifically, the study investigates the effect of firm-specific, country-specific, and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of the listed renewable energy companies that have their headquarters in the EU. The profitability is measured as return on assets (ROA) and Tobin’s q. Factors that affect profitability are divided into three groups such as firm-specific, country-specific, and macroeconomic factors, and to provide consistent and unbiased results, distinct methods are used. The ordinary least square (OLS) and random effect Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model are employed first. Also, the two-step system generalized method of moments estimation is used to validate the hypotheses. The empirical findings show that firm-specific factors are more dominant in explaining profitability rather than macroeconomic factors. The dynamic models show that profit persists over the years. Also, it is revealed that firm size has a positive effect on profitability in all models. The hypothesis that firms’ growth enhances profitability is evident in the short run, but in the long run, it is insignificant. The leverage has a positive effect on Tobin’s q. In addition, the study finds that tradable green certificate schemes enhance long-term profitability (Tobin’s q). The financial crises discourage the financial performance of renewable energy firms. The study has implications for managers and policymakers that should give importance to firm-specific factors and country-specific factors to promote the profitability of renewable energy companies in order to be sustainable by reducing energy import dependency and ensure energy for the future generation. Special attention should be given to support schemes toward renewable energy to be more effective and enhance firm profitability. The contribution of this paper is that it is the first study that examines the drivers of profitability for renewable energy companies by accounting for firm-specific, country-specific and macroeconomic factors. The study includes a long-time period by using advanced panel data techniques. To add robustness, alternative measures of profitability are used.
The Comparison Between Neuropsychological Features of Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures and Epileptic Seizures
Authors: oji Bahare , Ajam Zibadi Hamide , Roozbeh Mahrooz , Simani Leila , Noorbala Ahmad Ali , Arbabi Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often associated with some degree of cognitive impairment. Video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing PNES. This diagnostic procedure is costly and available in specific tertiary centers. Neuropsychological assessment can provide clues for the differential diagnosis of PNES and ES and help clarify the nature and etiology of these two disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of PNES and ES patients. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 patients with ES and 31 patients with PNES were compared by neuropsychiatric tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive examination (ACE), and California Verbal Learning test (CVLT). Results: There was a female predominance in the PNES group (female-to-male ratio = 4.16/1, P = 0.003). In the PNES group, 77.4% of the patients had a psychiatric disorder versus 66.7% of the patients in the ES group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The mean score of total intelligence was higher in the PNES group (84.77 ± 16.94), compared to the ES group (83.63 ± 10.04); however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.75). Based on the mean subscale scores, the digit symbol score (WAIS-IV subscale) and memory score (ACE subscale) were significantly higher in the PNES group compared to the ES group (P = 0.037 and 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that neuropsychological assessments might not differentiate ES from non-epileptic seizures.
Self-reported Motorcycle Riding Behavior in Southeast of Iran
Authors: Setoodehzadeh Fatemeh , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Khammarnia Mohammad , Mohammadi Mahdi
Published: September 2021

Background: Motorcyclists are among the greatest vulnerable individuals of road accident victims. Their behavior has a significant correlation with increased injury and mortality rate. Determining the risky and unsafe behaviors of motorcycle drivers is necessary for preventing riders and other citizen from potential accident risks. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the risky driving behaviors of motorcyclists in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 2019 in Sistan and Baluchestan Province as the second widest province of Iran. Using randomized sampling method, we included 613 motorcyclists from the province. To collect data, the Persian version of Motorcycle Riding Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), as a standard questionnaire, was used. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistics such as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and linear regression were used by SPSS software version 21. Results: The age range of 57% of the motor riders was 15 - 30 years, and 50% of them did not use any safety equipment. About 58% of the subjects had started motorcycle riding under 18 years old, and 73% of them did not have a motorcycle riding license. Moreover, more than 50% of motorcyclists used mobile phones while driving. The mean score of driving behavior (106 ± 22) was desirable. Based on multivariate analysis, job, average amount of riding, lacking a riding license, type of motor, alert from police, non-fasting helmet band, exceeding speed limits, fatigue, and hand-free riding were the main predictors of risky riding score (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to our results, the riding behavior of motorcyclists was desirable; however, many people used motorcycles without a license and safety equipment, which increases high-risk behaviors. Considering the potential dangers of motor riders, it seems necessary to hold training courses to obtain motorcycle certification and how to use safety equipment.
Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices and Biochemical Markers in Iranian Prediabetics in Hoveyzeh Located in Southwest Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Meripour Majed , Mohamadian Hashem , Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
Published: September 2021

Background: The number of prediabetic individuals is rising rapidly in Iran and other parts of the world. This complication seriously affects life quality and public health. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices and biochemical measures among the prediabetic population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on prediabetic subjects in the Hoveyzeh population, Iran, during 2018 - 2019. A sample of 240 prediabetic individuals within the age range of 30 - 75 years enrolled in this study. The demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and participants’ clinical parameters were checked out in this study. Moreover, this study investigated important demographic variables associated with anthropometric and clinical parameters. Results: The results showed that the mean values of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were 113.13 ± 6.8, 193.64 ± 115.44, and 193.64 ± 40.67 mg/dl, respectively. The mean values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 114.75 ± 15.25 and 73.25 ± 8.81 mmHg, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant difference between clinical and demographic variables except between DBP and marital status (P < 0.05). The prevalence of prediabetes in Hoveyzeh was closely associated with some demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables. This study documented significant associations between height, hip circumference, and body mass index with both genders (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical relationship between other demographic and anthropometric variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, abdominal obesity indicators may be related to prediabetes. Therefore, preventive strategies and suitable educational programs should be based on influential factors.
Platonism and Mathematical Explanations
Authors: Pataut Fabrice ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

Ontological parsimony requires that if we can dispense with A when best explaining B, or when deducing a nominalistically statable conclusion B from nominalistically statable premises, we must indeed dispense with A. When A is a mathematical theory and it has been established that its conservativeness undermines the platonistic force of mathematical derivations (Field), or that a non numerical formulation of some explanans may be obtained so that the platonistic force of the best numerical-based account of the explanandum is also undermined (Rizza), the parsimony principle has been respected. Since derivations resorting to conservative mathematics and proofs involved in non numerical best explanations also require abstract objects, concepts, and principles under the usual reading of “abstract,” one might complain that such accounts turn out to be as metaphysically loaded as their platonistic counterparts. One might then urge that ontological parsimony is also required of these nominalistic accounts. It might, however, prove more fruitful to leave this particular worry to the side, to free oneself, as it were, from parsimony thus construed and to look at other important aspects of the defeating or undermining strategies that have been lavished on the disposal of platonism. Two aspects are worthy of our attention: epistemic cost and debunking claims. Our knowledge that applied mathematics is conservative is established at a cost, and so is our knowledge that nominalistic proofs play a genuine theoretical role in best explanations. I will suggest that the knowledge one must acquire to show that nominalistic deductions and explanations do indeed play their respective theoretical role involves some question-begging assumptions regarding the nature and validity of proofs. As for debunking, even if the face value content of either non numerical claims, or conservative mathematical claims, or platonistic mathematical claims didn’t figure in our causal explanation of why we hold the mathematical beliefs that we do, construed or understood as beliefs about such contents, or as beliefs held in either of these three ways, we could still be justified in holding them, so that the distinction between nominalistic deductions or non numerical explanations on the one hand and platonistic ones on the other turns out to be spurious with respect to the relevant propositional attitude, i.e., with respect to belief.
Subject in Classical Logic and Speculative Logic
Authors: Popescu Dragos ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the classical theory of the subject in the predication judgment, and then the Hegelian doctrine on the subject, with the intention of conducting a comparative analysis. The results of the analysis sustain the viewpoint according to which between the classical subject and the subject of speculative judgment there are some relations that entitle one to consider speculative judgment as a development of classical judgment, for the cases in which the subject is taken as a process.
Revisiting Hull's Evolutionary Model of Science
Authors: Hatef Mohammad Mahdi ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

Evolutionary models for scientific change are generally based on an analogy between scientific changes and biological evolution. Some dissimilarity cases, however, challenge this analogy. An issue discussed in this essay is that despite natural evolution, which is currently considered to be non-globally progressive, science is a phenomenon that we understand as globally progressive. David Hull's solution to this disanalogy is to trace the difference back to their environments, in which processes of natural selection and conceptual selection occur. I will provide two arguments against this solution, showing that Hull's formulation of natural selection prohibits him from removing the environment from the selection process. Then I point to a related tension in his theory, between realism and externalism in science, and give some suggestions to solve these tensions.
Integration of Learning and Neuroscience Theories with AI-based Technologies in Intelligent Learning System in Accordance of Whiteheadian Tradition and Contemporary Process Theory
Authors: Kaltenborn Rossitza ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to present the possibility of integrating basic learning theories into the Extended Intelligent Learning System for data processing, optimization, adaptation and decision making in learning, which is based on the combination of teacher and intelligent tutor with artificial intelligence implemented, which supports the target formation, learning strategy, pedagogy and control. As a framework for the creation of the integrative model of theories, process philosophy is used, which enables a better understanding and explanation of the different paradigms and their functional combination. The article explores the strengths and weaknesses of selected theories and focuses primarily on constructivism, as numerous studies on learning theories have found that a constructive approach to learning is at the heart of many models in both traditional and digital learning in the Era of Big Data. The article explores certain influential learning theories, including the AI methods, their advantages, flaws and fields of intersection with neurosciences in terms of their application in intelligent training systems. The goal of developing the integrative model is to realize the learner's potential in personalized knowledge formation in an intelligent learning environment and to enhance the efficiency of learning.
Learning Emotion Concepts
Authors: Bakalova Marina ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

This paper reveals the importance of learning emotion concepts due to the efficiency of emotional granularity during the categorization of emotions. There are two ways of learning emotion concepts that can contribute to emotional granularity. First, we can learn emotion words. Second, we can learn the implicit content of our emotion concepts, i.e. how emotions feel to us. In order to complete the second task, we need to acquire vivid awareness and vivid memory of the implicit content of our emotion concept. I claim that only after completing the second task can we learn emotion words in a way that is efficient for the categorization of emotions. The problem with that claim is that we do not know how to study the implicit content of our emotions, and how to obtain vivid awareness of it. In this article, I sketch a basic solution to this problem. The article has three parts. In the first part, I outline Lisa Barrett’s Conceptual Act View in order to reveal the functional role of emotion concepts in our brains. In the second part, I explain Anna Wierzbicka’s classical attempt to define emotion concepts. In the third part, I suggest how it is possible to study the fine-grained details of our emotional experience in a scientific way. The goal of developing the integrative model is to realize the learner's potential in personalized knowledge formation in an intelligent learning environment and to enhance the efficiency of learning.
Learning with ANIMA
Authors: Lutskanov Rosen ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The paper develops a semi-formal model of learning which modifies the traditional paradigm of artificial neural networks, implementing deep learning by means of a key insight borrowed from the works of Marvin Minsky: the so-called Principle of Non-Compromise. The principle provides a learning mechanism which states that conflicts in the processing of data to be integrated are a mark of unreliability or irrelevance; hence, lower-level conflicts should lead to higher-level weight-adjustments. This internal mechanism augments the external mechanism of weight adjustment by back-propagation, which is typical for the standard models of machine learning. The text is structured as follows: (§1) opens the discussion by providing an informal overview of real-world decision-making and learning; (§2) sketches a typology of decision architectures: the individualistic approach of classical decision theory, the general aggregation mechanism of social choice theory, the local aggregation mechanism of agent-based modeling, and the intermediate hierarchical model of Marvin Minsky's “Society of Mind”; (§3) sketches the general outline of ANIMA – a new model of decision-making and learning that borrows insights from Minsky's informal exposition; (§4) is the bulk of the paper; it provides a discussion of a toy exemplification of ANIMA which lets us see the Principle of Non-Compromise at work; (§5) lists some possible scenarios for the evolution of a model of this kind; (§6) is the closing section; it discusses some important differences between the way ANIMA was construed here and the typical formal rendering of learning by means of artificial neural networks and deep learning.
On Some Aspects of the European Knowledge Economy
Authors: Iliev Petar ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

We survey some of the consequences of the managerialism of science and education as practiced in European countries and its main results: the Bologna declaration and the Bologna process. One notable feature of this process is the gradual introduction of currently fashionable management terms into school curricula. These linguistic changes are the direct result of the neoliberal philosophy behind the concept of knowledge economy, namely, that all sciences must justify their economic value; moreover, the introduction of such terms is via government “strategic documents” that are never the result of a democratic public debate. As a case in point, we examine two such strategic documents issued by the Bulgarian ministry of education.
Construyendo Masculinidad: The Oppression of Men in the United States
Authors: Ortiz Villa Karina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

I argue that men can be oppressed by virtue of being men; however, our definitions of men and masculinity must be redefined and reclaimed from the dominant white perspective. My claims are: (1) current arguments on the oppression of men simpliciter are misguided as they fail to encompass the experiences of all men; (2) any question regarding the oppression of men must reject the current static and universal definition of men; (3) the oppression of men is an instantiation of structural oppression that allows for men to be both privileged and oppressed in different, forms, degrees, and dimensions; (4) the oppression of Latino men qua Latino men is an example of men being oppressed as men. Therefore, (5) we must redefine and reclaim the definition of “men” and “masculinity.” Last, (6) this redefinition cannot be done a priori but must use intersectionality as a regulative method to illuminate the oppression of men that remains obscured in other, one-dimensional approaches to the topic of the oppression of men.
Quantile regression-based multiple imputation of missing values — An evaluation and application to corporal punishment data
Authors: Kleinke Kristian , Fritsch Markus , Stemmler Mark , Reinecke Jost , Lösel Friedrich
Published: September 2021

Quantile regression (QR) is a valuable tool for data analysis and multiple imputation (MI) of missing values – especially when standard parametric modelling assumptions are violated. Yet, Monte Carlo simulations that systematically evaluate QR-based MI in a variety of different practically relevant settings are still scarce. In this paper, we evaluate the method regarding the imputation of ordinal data and compare the results with other standard and robust imputation methods. We then apply QR-based MI to an empirical dataset, where we seek to identify risk factors for corporal punishment of children by their fathers. We compare the modelling results with previously published findings based on complete cases. Our Monte Carlo results highlight the advantages of QR-based MI over fully parametric imputation models: QR-based MI yields unbiased statistical inferences across large parts of the conditional distribution, when parametric modelling assumptions, such as normal and homoscedastic error terms, are violated. Regarding risk factors for corporal punishment, our MI results support previously published findings based on complete cases. Our empirical results indicate that the identified “missing at random” processes in the investigated dataset are negligible.