bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Data Curation Profiles
Authors: Witt Michael , Carlson Jacob , Brandt D. Scott , Cragin Melissa H.
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a brief literature review and then introduces the methods, design, and construction of the Data Curation Profile, an instrument that can be used to provide detailed information on particular data forms that might be curated by an academic library. These data forms are presented in the context of the related sub-disciplinary research area, and they provide the flow of the research process from which these data are generated. The profiles also represent the needs for data curation from the perspective of the data producers, using their own language. As such, they support the exploration of data curation across different research domains in real and practical terms. With the sponsorship of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, investigators from Purdue University and the University of Illinois interviewed 19 faculty subjects to identify needs for discovery, access, preservation, and reuse of their research data. For each subject, a profile was constructed that includes information about his or her general research, data forms and stages, value of data, data ingest, intellectual property, organization and description of data, tools, interoperability, impact and prestige, data management, and preservation. Each profile also presents a specific dataset supplied by the subject to serve as a concrete example. The Data Curation Profiles are being published to a public wiki for questions and discussion, and a blank template will be disseminated with guidelines for others to create and share their own profiles. This study was conducted primarily from the viewpoint of librarians interacting with faculty researchers; however, it is expected that these findings will complement a wide variety of data curation research and practice outside of librarianship and the university environment.
Emulation: From Digital Artefact to Remotely Rendered Environments
Authors: Von Suchodoletz Dirk , Van der Hoeven Jeffrey
Published: December 2011

Emulation used as a long-term preservation strategy offers the potential to keep digital objects in their original condition and experience them within their original computer environment. However, having just an emulator in place is not enough. To apply emulation as a fully fledged strategy, an automated and user-friendly approach is required. This cannot be done without knowledge and contextual information of the original software. This paper combines the existing concept of a view path, which captures the contextual information of software, together with new insights into improving the concept with extra metadata. It provides regularly updated instructions for archival management to preserve and access its artefacts. The view-path model requires extensions to the metadata set of the primary object of interest and depends on additionally stored secondary objects for environment recreation like applications or operating systems. This article also addresses a strategy of rendering digital objects by running emulation processes remotely. The advantage of this strategy is that it improves user convenience while maximizing emulation capability.
Editorial
Authors: Rusbridge Chris
Published: December 2011

Chris Rusbridge, Chief Editor, introduces Volume 4, Issue 3 (2009) of the International Journal of Digital Curation.
Understanding the Information Requirements of Arts and Humanities Scholarship
Authors: Benardou Agiatis , Constantopoulos Panos , Dallas Costis , Gavrilis Dimitris
Published: December 2011

This paper reports on research of scholarly research practices and requirements conducted in the context of the Preparing DARIAH European e-Infrastructures project, with a view to ensuring current and future fitness for purpose of the planned digital infrastructure, services and tools. It summarises the findings of earlier research, primarily from the field of human information behaviour as applied in scholarly work, it presents a conceptual perspective informed by cultural-historical activity theory, it introduces briefly a formal conceptual model for scholarly research activity compliant with CIDOC CRM, it describes the plan of work and methodology of an empirical research project based on open-questionnaire interviews with arts and humanities researchers, and presents illustrative examples of segmentation, tagging and initial conceptual analysis of the empirical evidence. Finally, it presents plans for future work, consisting, firstly, of a comprehensive re-analysis of interview segments within the framework of the scholarly research activity model, and, secondly, of the integration of this analysis with the extended digital curation process model we presented in earlier work.
The Use of Quality Management Standards in Trustworthy Digital Archives
Authors: Dobratz Susanne , RÃ¶dig Peter , Borghoff Uwe M. , RÃ¤tzke BjÃ¶rn , Schoger Astrid
Published: December 2011

Quality management is an essential part in creating a trustworthy digital archive. The German network of expertise in Digital long-term preservation (nestor), in cooperation with the German Institute for Standards (DIN), has undertaken a small study to analyse systematically the relevance and usage of quality management standards for long-term preservation and to filter out the specific standardisation need for digital archives. This paper summarises the results of the study. It gives an overview on the differences in understanding the task â€œquality managementâ€ within different organisations and how they carry out appropriate measures, such as documentation, transparency, adequacy, and measureability in order to demonstrate the trustworthiness of their digital archive.
A Framework for Software Preservation
Authors: Matthews Brian , Shaon Arif , Bicarregui Juan , Jones Catherine
Published: December 2011

Software preservation has not had detailed consideration as a research topic or in practical application. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework to capture and organise the main notions of software preservation, which are required for a coherent and comprehensive approach.Â  This framework has three main aspects. Firstly a discussion of what it means to preserve software via a performance model which considers how a software artefact can be rebuilt from preserved components and can then be seen to be representative of the original software product. Secondly the development of a model of software artefacts, describing the basic components of all software, loosely based on the FRBR model for representing digital artefacts and their history within a library context. Finally, the definition and categorisation of the properties of software artefacts which are required to ensure that the software product has been adequately preserved. These are broken down into a number of categories and related to the concepts defined in the OAIS standard. We also discuss our experience of recording these preservation properties for a number of BADC software products, which arose from a series of case studies conducted to evaluate the software preservation framework, and also briefly describe the SPEQS toolkit, a tool to capture software preservation properties within a software development.
Using a Core Scientific Metadata Model in Large-Scale Facilities
Authors: Matthews Brian , Sufi Shoaib , Flannery Damian , Lerusse Laurent , Griffin Tom , Gleaves Michael , Kleese Kerstin
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we present the Core Scientific Metadata Model (CSMD), a model for the representation of scientific study metadata developed within the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) to represent the data generated from scientific facilities. The model has been developed to allow management of and access to the data resources of the facilities in a uniform way, although we believe that the model has wider application, especially in areas of “structural science” such as chemistry, materials science and earth sciences. We give some motivations behind the development of the model, and an overview of its major structural elements, centred on the notion of a scientific study formed by a collection of specific investigations. We give some details of the model, with the description of each investigation associated with a particular experiment on a sample generating data, and the associated data holdings are then mapped to the investigation with the appropriate parameters. We then go on to discuss the instantiation of the metadata model within a production quality data management infrastructure, the Information CATalogue (ICAT), which has been developed within STFC for use in large-scale photon and neutron sources. Finally, we give an overview of the relationship between CSMD, and other initiatives, and give some directions for future developments. Â Â Â
Bit Preservation: A Solved Problem?
Authors: Rosenthal David S. H.
Published: December 2011

For years, discussions of digital preservation have routinely featured comments such as “bit preservation is a solved problem; the real issues are ...”. Indeed, current digital storage technologies are not just astoundingly cheap and capacious, they are astonishingly reliable. Unfortunately, these attributes drive a kind of “Parkinson’s Law” of storage, in which demands continually push beyond the capabilities of systems implementable at an affordable price. This paper is in four parts:Claims, reviewing a typical claim of storage system reliability, showing that it provides no useful information for bit preservation purposes.Theory, proposing “bit half-life” as an initial, if inadequate, measure of bit preservation performance, expressing bit preservation requirements in terms of it, and showing that the requirements being placed on bit preservation systems are so onerous that the experiments required to prove that a solution exists are not feasible.Practice, reviewing recent research into how well actual storage systems preserve bits, showing that they fail to meet the requirements by many orders of magnitude.Policy, suggesting ways of dealing with this unfortunate situation.
Grammar-Based Recognition of Documentary Forms and Extraction of Metadata
Authors: Underwood William
Published: December 2011

Metadata extraction is a critical aspect of ingestion of collections into digital archives and libraries. A method for automatically recognizing document types and extracting metadata from digital records has been developed. The method is based on a method for automatically annotating semantic categories such as person’s names, job titles, dates, and postal addresses that may occur in a record. It extends this method by using the semantic annotations to identify the intellectual elements of a document’s form, parsing these elements using context-free grammars that define documentary forms, and interpreting the elements of the form of the document to identify metadata such as the chronological date, author(s), addressee(s), and topic. Context-free grammars were developed for fourteen of the documentary forms occurring in Presidential records. In an experiment, the document type recognizer successfully recognized the documentary form and extracted the metadata of two-thirds of the records in a series of Presidential e-records containing twenty-one document types.
Assisted Emulation for Legacy Executables
Authors: Woods Kam , Brown Geoffrey
Published: December 2011

Emulation is frequently discussed as a failsafe preservation strategy for born-digital documents that depend on contemporaneous software for access (Rothenberg, 2000). Yet little has been written about the contextual knowledge required to successfully use such software. The approach we advocate is to preserve necessary contextual information through scripts designed to control the legacy environment, and created during the preservation workflow. We describe software designed to minimize dependence on this knowledge by offering automated configuration and execution of emulated environments. We demonstrate that even simple scripts can reduce impediments to casual use of the digital objects being preserved. We describe tools to automate the remote use of preserved objects on local emulation environments.Â  This can help eliminate both a dependence on physical reference workstations at preservation institutions, and provide users accessing materials over the web with simplified, easy-to-use environments. Our implementation is applied to examples from an existing collection of over 4,000 virtual CD-ROM images containing thousands of custom binary executables.
Towards Smart Storage for Repository Preservation Services
Authors: Hitchcock Steve , Tarrant David , Brown Adrian , Oâ€™Steen Ben , Jefferies Neil , Carr Leslie
Published: December 2011

The move to digital is being accompanied by a huge rise in volumes of (born-digital) content and data. As a result the curation lifecycle has to be redrawn. Processes such as selection and evaluation for preservation have to be driven by automation. Manual processes will not scale, and the traditional signifiers and selection criteria in older formats, such as print publication, are changing. The paper will examine at a conceptual and practical level how preservation intelligence can be built into software-based digital preservation tools and services on the Web and across the network ‘cloud’ to create ‘smart’ storage for long-term, continuous data monitoring and management. Some early examples will be presented, focussing on storage management and format risk assessment.
A Framework for Distributed Preservation Workflows
Authors: Schmidt Rainer , King Ross , Jackson Andrew , Wilson Carl , Steeg Fabian , Melms Peter
Published: December 2011

The Planets Project is developing a service-oriented environment for the definition and evaluation of preservation strategies for human-centric data. It focuses on the question of logically preserving digital materials, as opposed to the physical preservation of content bit-streams. This includes the development of preservation tools for the automated characterisation, migration, and comparison of different types of Digital Objects as well as the emulation of their original runtime environment in order to ensure long-time access and interpretability. The Planets integrated environment provides a number of end-user applications that allow data curators to execute and scientifically evaluate preservation experiments based on composable preservation services. In this paper, we focus on the middleware and programming model and show how it can be utilised in order to create complex preservation workflows.
Editorial
Authors: Ashley Kevin
Published: December 2011

Kevin Ashley, Chief Editor, introduces Volume 6, Issue 1 (2011) of the International Journal of Digital Curation.
The Milieu and the MESSAGE: Talking to Researchers about Data Curation Issues in a Large and Diverse e-Science Project
Authors: Donnelly Martin , North Robin
Published: December 2011

MESSAGE (Mobile Environmental Sensing System Across Grid Environments) was an ambitious, multi-partner, interdisciplinary e-Science research project, jointly funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the UK Department for Transport (DfT) between 2006 and 2009. It aimed to develop and demonstrate the potential of diverse, low cost sensors to provide heterogeneous data for the planning, management and control of the environmental impacts of transport activity at urban, regional and national level. During the last year of the project, the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) interviewed and observed members of the project team in order to identify and analyse key aspects of their data-related activities, recording attitudes towards the data that they create and/or re-use. This paper describes the major issues identified over the course of the case study, which are presented in parallel with the perspectives of the project team in order to demonstrate the multiplicity of views that may be projected onto a single dataset. It concludes with a contextualisation of the case study's themes with those of a number of contemporary reports.
Beyond the Data Deluge: A Research Agenda for Large-Scale Data Sharing and Reuse
Authors: Faniel Ixchel M. , Zimmerman Ann
Published: December 2011

There is almost universal agreement that scientific data should be shared for use beyond the purposes for which they were initially collected. Access to data enables system-level science, expands the instruments and products of research to new communities, and advances solutions to complex human problems. While demands for data are not new, the vision of open access to data is increasingly ambitious. The aim is to make data accessible and usable to anyone, anytime, anywhere, and for any purpose. Until recently, scholarly investigations related to data sharing and reuse were sparse. They have become more common as technology and instrumentation have advanced, policies that mandate sharing have been implemented, and research has become more interdisciplinary. Each of these factors has contributed to what is commonly referred to as the "data deluge". Most discussions about increases in the scale of sharing and reuse have focused on growing amounts of data. There are other issues related to open access to data that also concern scale which have not been as widely discussed: broader participation in data sharing and reuse, increases in the number and types of intermediaries, and more digital data products. The purpose of this paper is to develop a research agenda for scientific data sharing and reuse that considers these three areas.
Education for eScience Professionals: Integrating Data Curation and Cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Kim Youngseek , Addom Benjamin K. , Stanton Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2011

Large, collaboratively managed datasets have become essential to many scientific and engineering endeavors, and their management has increased the need for "eScience professionals" who solve large scale information management problems for researchers and engineers. This paper considers the dimensions of work, worker, and workplace, including the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for eScience professionals. We used focus groups and interviews to explore the needs of scientific researchers and how these needs may translate into curricular and program development choices. A cohort of five masters students also worked in targeted internship settings and completed internship logs. We organized this evidence into a job analysis that can be used for curriculum and program development at schools of library and information science.
Making Digital Curation a Systematic Institutional Function
Authors: Prom Christopher
Published: December 2011

Over the past decade, a rich body of research and practice has emerged under the rubrics of electronic records, digital preservation and digital curation. Most of this work has taken place as research activity (often financed by government agencies) within libraries and information/computer science departments. Many projects focus on one format of information, such as research publications or data, potentially de-contextualizing individual records. Meanwhile, most institutional archives and manuscript repositories, which possess a rich theoretical and practical framework for preserving context among mixed analog materials, have failed to extend their capabilities to digital records. As a result, relatively few institutions have implemented systematic methods to capture, preserve and provide access to the complete range of documentation that end users need to understand and interpret past human activity.The Practical E-Records Method attempts to address this problem by providing easy-to-implement software reviews, guidance/policy templates, and program recommendations that blend digital curation research findings with traditional archival processes and workflows. Using the method discussed in this paper, archives and manuscript repositories can use existing resources to incrementally develop digital curation skills, building a collaborative, expanding program in the process. Archival programs that make digital curation a systematic institutional function will systematically gather, preserve, and provide access to genres of documentation that are contextually-rich and highly susceptible to loss, complementing efforts undertaken by librarians, information scientists and external service providers. Over the next year, the suggested techniques will be tested and refined at the University of Illinois Archives and possibly elsewhere.
Linking to Scientific Data: Identity Problems of Unruly and Poorly Bounded Digital Objects
Authors: Wynholds Laura
Published: December 2011

Within information systems, a significant aspect of search and retrieval across information objects, such as datasets, journal articles, or images, relies on the identity construction of the objects. This paper uses identity to refer to the qualities or characteristics of an information object that make it definable and recognizable, and can be used to distinguish it from other objects. Identity, in this context, can be seen as the foundation from which citations, metadata and identifiers are constructed.In recent years the idea of including datasets within the scientific record has been gaining significant momentum, with publishers, granting agencies and libraries engaging with the challenge. However, the task has been fraught with questions of best practice for establishing this infrastructure, especially in regards to how citations, metadata and identifiers should be constructed. These questions suggests a problem with how dataset identities are formed, such that an engagement with the definition of datasets as conceptual objects is warranted.This paper explores some of the ways in which scientific data is an unruly and poorly bounded object, and goes on to propose that in order for datasets to fulfill the roles expected for them, the following identity functions are essential for scholarly publications: (i) the dataset is constructed as a semantically and logically concrete object, (ii) the identity of the dataset is embedded, inherent and/or inseparable, (iii) the identity embodies a framework of authorship, rights and limitations, and (iv) the identity translates into an actionable mechanism for retrieval or reference.
The Human Face of Digital Preservation: Organizational and Staff Challenges, and Initiatives at the BibliothÃ¨que nationale de France
Authors: Bermès Emmanuelle , Fauduet Louise
Published: December 2011

The process of setting up a digital preservation repository in compliance with the OAIS model is not only a technical challenge: libraries also need to develop and maintain appropriate skills and organizations. Digital activities, including digital preservation, are nowadays moving into the mainstream activity of the Library and are integrated in its workflows.The BibliothÃ¨que nationale de France (BnF) has been working on the definition of digital preservation activities since 2003. This paper aims at presenting the organizational and human resources challenges that have been faced by the library in this context, and those that are still awaiting us.The library has been facing these challenges through a variety of actions at different levels: organizational changes, training sessions, dedicated working group and task forces, analysis of skills and processes, etc. The results of these actions provide insights on how a national library is going digital, and what is needed to reach this longstanding goal.
Implementing Metadata that Guide Digital Preservation Services
Authors: Dappert Angela , Farquhar Adam
Published: December 2011

Effective digital preservation depends on a set of preservation services that work together to ensure that digital objects can be preserved for the long-term. These services need digital preservation metadata, in particular, descriptions of the properties that digital objects may have and descriptions of the requirements that guide digital preservation services. This paper analyzes how these services interact and use these metadata and develops a data dictionary to support them.
Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline
Authors: Higgins Sarah
Published: December 2011

In the mid 1990s UK digital preservation activity concentrated on ensuring the survival of digital material – spurred on by the US report Preserving Digital Information (The Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information, 1996) and developed through JISC-funded activities. Technical developments and a maturing understanding of organisational activity and workflow saw the emphasis move to ensuring the access, use and reuse of digital materials throughout their lifecycle. Digital Curation emerged as a new discipline supported through the activities of the UK’s Digital Curation Centre and a number of EU 6th Framework Projects. Digital Curation is now embedded in both practice and research; with the development of tools, and the foundation of a number of support units and academic educators offering training and furthering research.
Responding to the Call to Curate: Digital Curation in Practice at Penn State University Libraries
Authors: Hswe Patricia , Furlough Michael J. , Giarlo Michael J. , Martin Mairéad
Published: December 2011

This paper describes how the Pennsylvania State (Penn State) University Libraries and the university’s central information technology organization, Information Technology Services, are putting into practice key tenets of digital curation through the newly established Content Stewardship program, a joint strategic initiative to implement stewardship services for the university. First, we provide an account of the planning, preparation, and prototyping that informed the initial year of the program. Second, we report on the hiring of a Digital Collections Curator and a Digital Library Architect and how they are advancing the program by putting digital curation into practice, which includes the work of community building. Finally, we address the organizational context of curation in practice, in particular with respect to the challenges of starting and sustaining a stewardship services program for all of Penn State.
Research Data Management Initiatives at University of Edinburgh
Authors: Rice Robin , Haywood Jeff
Published: December 2011

During the last decade, national and international attention has been increasingly focused on issues of research data management and access to publicly funded research data. The pressure brought to bear on researchers to improve their data management and data sharing practice has come from research funders seeking to add value to expensive research and solve cross-disciplinary grand challenges; publishers seeking to be responsive to calls for transparency and reproducibility of the scientific record; and the public seeking to gain and re-use knowledge for their own purposes using new online tools. Meanwhile higher education institutions have been rather reluctant to assert their role in either incentivising or supporting their academic staff in meeting these more demanding requirements for research practice, partly due to lack of knowledge as to how to provide suitable assistance or facilities for data storage and curation/preservation. This paper discusses the activities and drivers behind one institution’s recent attempts to address this gap, with reflection on lessons learned and future direction.
Migration to Intermediate XML for Electronic Data (MIXED): Repository of Durable File Format Conversions
Authors: Van Horik RenÃ© , Roorda Dirk
Published: December 2011

Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS), the Dutch scientific data archive for the social sciences and humanities, is engaged in the Migration to Intermediate XML for Electronic Data (MIXED) project to develop open source software that implements the smart migration strategy concerning the long-term archiving of file formats. Smart migration concerns the conversion upon ingest of specific kinds of data formats, such as spreadsheets and databases, to an intermediate XML formatted file. It is assumed that the long-term curation of the XML files is much less problematic than the migration of binary source files and that the intermediate XML file can be converted in an efficient way to file formats that are common in the future. The features of the intermediate XML files are stored in the so-called Standard Data Formats for Preservation (SDFP) specification. This XML schema can be considered an umbrella as it contains existing formal descriptions of file formats developed by others. SDFP also contain schemata developed by DANS, for example, a schema for file-oriented databases. It can be used, for example, for the binary DataPerfect format, that was used on a large scale about twenty years ago, and for which no existing XML schema could be found. The software developed in the MIXED project has been set up as a generic framework, together with a number of plug-ins. It can be considered as a repository of durable file format conversions. This paper contains an overview of the results of the MIXED project.
Automating the Extraction of Metadata from Archaeological Data Using iRods Rules
Authors: Walling David , Esteva Maria
Published: December 2011

The Texas Advanced Computing Center and the Institute for Classical Archaeology at the University of Texas at Austin developed a method that uses iRods rules and a Jython script to automate the extraction of metadata from digital archaeological data. The first step was to create a record-keeping system to classify the data. The record-keeping system employs file and directory hierarchy naming conventions designed specifically to maintain the relationship between the data objects and map the archaeological documentation process. The metadata implicit in the record-keeping system is automatically extracted upon ingest, combined with additional sources of metadata, and stored alongside the data in the iRods preservation environment. This method enables a more organized workflow for the researchers, helps them archive their data close to the moment of data creation, and avoids error prone manual metadata input. We describe the types of metadata extracted and provide technical details of the extraction process and storage of the data and metadata.
(Not) Playing Games: Player-Produced Walkthroughs as Archival Documents of Digital Gameplay
Authors: Newman James
Published: December 2011

The subject of digital game preservation is one that has moved up the research agenda in recent years with a number of international projects, such as KEEP and Preserving Virtual Worlds, highlighting and seeking to address the impact of media decay, hardware and software obsolescence through different strategies including code emulation, for instance. Similarly, and reflecting a popular interest in the histories of digital games, exhibitions such as Game On (Barbican, UK) and GameCity (Nottingham, UK) experiment with ways of presenting games to a general audience. This article focuses on the UK’s National Videogame Archive (NVA) which, since its foundation in 2008, has developed approaches that both dovetail with and critique existing strategies to game preservation, exhibition and display.The article begins by noting the NVA’s interest in preserving not only the code or text of the game, but also the experience of using it – that is, the preservation of gameplay as well as games. This approach is born of a conceptualisation of digital games as what Moulthrop (2004) has called “configurative performances” that are made through the interaction of code, systems, rules and, essentially, the actions of players at play. The analysis develops by problematising technical solutions to game preservation by exploring the way seemingly minute differences in code execution greatly impact on this user experience.Given these issues, the article demonstrates how the NVA returns to first principles and questions the taken-for-granted assumption that the playable game is the most effective tool for interpretation. It also encourages a consideration of the uses of non-interactive audiovisual and (para)textual materials in game preservation activity. In particular, the focus falls upon player-produced walkthrough texts, which are presented as archetypical archival documents of gameplay. The article concludes by provocatively positing that these non-playable, non-interactive texts might be more useful to future game scholars than the playable game itself.
Curating Complex, Dynamic and Distributed Data: Telehealth as a Laboratory for Strategy
Authors: Ure Jenny , Irshad Tasneem , Hanley Janet , Whyte Angus , Pagliari Claudia , Pinnock Hilary , McKinstry Brian
Published: December 2011

Telehealth monitoring data is now being collected across large populations of patients with chronic diseases such as stroke, hypertension, COPD and dementia. These large, complex and heterogeneous datasets, including distributed sensor and mobile datasets, present real opportunities for knowledge discovery and re-use, however they also generate new challenges for curation. This paper uses qualitative research with stakeholders in two nationally-funded telehealth projects to outline the perceptions, practices and preferences of different stakeholders with regard to data curation. Telehealth provides a living laboratory for the very different challenges implicit in designing and managing data infrastructure for embedded and ubiquitous computing. Here, technical and human agents are distributed, and interaction and state change is a central component of design, rather than an inconvenient challenge to it. The authors argue that there are lessons to be learned from other domains where data infrastructure has been radically rethought to address these challenges.
Sorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by low-cost magnetic eggshells-Fe3O4 powder
Authors: Ren Jianwei , Bopape Mokgadi , Setshedi Katlego , Kitinya Jacob , Onyango Maurice
Published: December 2011

This study explored the feasibility of using magnetic eggshell-Fe3O4 powder
as adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.
The metal ionsadsorption media interaction was characterized using XRD and
FTIR. The effects of contact time, initial concentrations, temperature,
solution pH and reusability of the adsorption media were investigated. The
metal ions adsorption was fast and the amount of metal ions adsorbed
increased with an increase in temperature, suggesting an endothermic
adsorption. The kinetic data showed that the adsorption process followed the
pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimal adsorption pH value was around
5.5 at which condition the equilibrium capacity was 263.2 mg/g for Pb(II) and
250.0 for Cu(II). The adsorption equilibrium data fitted very well to the
Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The thermodynamics of
Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption onto the magnetic eggshell-Fe3O4 powder
indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous. The reusability study has
proven that magnetic eggshell-Fe3O4 powder can be employed as a low-cost and
easy to separate adsorbent.
Radio and the Art of Resistance: A Public Pedagogy of the Airwaves
Authors: Darder Antonia
Published: December 2011

The politics of the airwaves should be of vital concern to critical democracy, given the expanding realm of neoliberalism and its deeply homogenizing impact on social, political and economic relations everywhere. In light of the privatizing forces that control the media today, the article considers the manner in which community radio can provide public pedagogical spaces for often marginalized community voices to challenge the official public transcript of social life dictated, more times than not, by the powerful and wealthy leaders who shape public discourse. Here independent radio production is discussed as an important tool for building community relationships and as a viable alternative for supporting civic participation and critical forms of public engagement.
Mascot Politics, Public Pedagogy, and Social Movements: Alternative Media as a Context for Critical Media Literacy
Authors: Feria-Galicia Joe
Published: December 2011

Within the culture of central Illinois, mascot politics has been a hugely contentious issue. Since 1926, the university employed the use of the fabricated ‘Chief Illiniwek to motivate and entertain fans at athletic events. Since the late 1980s, Native American students began a campaign to end this ‘tradition’. This article examines the critical narratives of independent media producers who utilized a variety of public art forms to contest and help to finally eliminate this racist practice. Their narratives illuminate the strategic role of public pedagogy in the process of social struggle and provide an example of how the production of alternative media content can be critically appropriated in ways that help mobilize, sustain, and build collective actions for social justice.
Public Anthropology as Public Pedagogy: An Autobiographical Account
Authors: Beck Sam
Published: December 2011

This autobiographical account provides a historical map of landmarks in the author's personal and professional life that led him to his present understanding of public anthropology as public pedagogy and vice versa. He indicates that his experiences led him to study sociocultural anthropology to investigate learning from experience, a foundational method in anthropology that this discipline describes as participant observation. While not completely rejecting participant observation, he asserts that objective and value-free anthropology is not viable, and hence an activist approach may not only support research agendas but also support the needs of the people and communities under study. He explains some of the issues that are related to making this approach work and the ethical elements involved in an approach that is mutually advantageous. As an anthropologist, he became more involved in the political engagement of the people who were the subjects of his investigation. His position is that at this time in human history anthropology must become more activist, given that the vulnerable of the world are subjected to conditions that are increasingly more exploitative and oppressive. Public pedagogy developed out of his research experiences, and as his activist orientation grew, he found that his anthropological engagement was also an in-context and in-process pedagogy. Not only was he teaching, but he was also learning dialogically, as Paulo Freire might do.
Staging a Christopher Columbus Play in a Culture of Illusion: Public Pedagogy in a Theatre of Genocide
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: December 2011

In the foreword to The Politics of Genocide, political theorist Noam Chomsky writes that denial of the American Indian holocaust is a potent force in the United States. He argues that ‘the most unambiguous cases of genocide’ are often ‘acknowledged by the perpetrators, and passed over as insignificant or even denied in retrospect by the beneficiaries, right to the present’. That is very true in the United States, where the author of this article discovers that few of his college students know much, if anything, about the capacious genocide of North American Indians. In this article, Brian McKenna explores the power of aesthetic theory and praxis to help overcome the rigid psychological defenses of besieged students. He carefully informs students about the genocide spawned by Columbus and the Spanish, and then draws connections between that history and the history of US Indian genocide and imperialism, up to the present day in Iraq and around the globe. The article presents a five-part exercise, refined over seven years, that shows how McKenna lets the ‘truth’ dazzle gradually and then thunder mightily in revealing students to themselves. He requires students to imagine themselves as high school teachers where they must produce the written outlines of a play that is based, in part, on the truths of the Spanish genocide as depicted by America's first de facto cultural anthropologist, Father Bartolomé de las Casas. The ultimate aims of the exercise are threefold: (1) Will students, in the politically charged setting of a high school, construct a Theatre of Genocide about the Arawak Indians and the Spanish? (2) Will students draw the educational links between the Spanish and the theatres of war and genocide associated with the United States? And (3) How will students grapple with the pedagogical relationships between knowledge and power; censorship and self-censorship; truth and art? The article also asks, ‘Who controls the play curriculum? How can critical public pedagogues challenge the ubiquity of high school productions such as Oklahoma! and Hello, Dolly! to create forms of drama that speak directly to the issues of the day?
A Critical Pedagogy of Recuperation
Authors: Jaramillo Nathalia E. , McLaren Peter , Lázaro Fernando
Published: December 2011

Using the term ‘recuperation’ from their experiences working alongside activists in the ‘occupied factories' of Argentina, the authors illustrate how ‘occupied spaces' were transformed into ‘recuperated’ sites of pedagogical, cultural and artistic production. Focusing on the IMPA factory (Industrias Metalúrgicas y Plásticas Argentina) located in Buenos Aires, this article examines how the unique visions and alternative arrangements created by workers, intellectuals and artists became reality and how such visions and arrangements were indivisible from the struggle for worker self-determination. The authors note that the pedagogy of recuperation, while drawing its inspiration from the struggles of the occupied factories, schools and cultural centers of Argentina, is in the last instance a transnational pedagogy of resistance, one that is multi-voiced, epistemologically decolonized and decolonizing, and dedicated to fostering oppositional and alternative spaces of reciprocity and struggle.
Project-Based Learning: A Critical Pedagogy for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Maida Carl A.
Published: December 2011

John Dewey's notion of the school as a ‘social laboratory’ influenced educational policy a century ago when the United States underwent a ‘great transformation’ in its educational history toward mass schooling, resulting partly from the ‘high school movement’, where the focus was on ‘schooling for life’. Project-based learning, which builds on Dewey's work on experiential, hands-on, student-directed learning, is ultimately delivered within a student-teacher relationship, and the structure of this relationship and that of the school itself were shaped by an industrial culture that developed during a period of rapid industrialization when the dual revolutions of technology and information processing were transforming the country. During the earlier transition from craft to mass production, schools provided a social context for the task of renegotiating and refraining occupational techniques and world orientations in light of dramatic technological changes. So, too, have the challenges of the current technological revolution shifted the emphasis of education toward students actively using what they know to explore, negotiate, interpret, and create. As a potentially ‘disruptive innovation’ to the traditional schooling model, project-based learning challenges students by acknowledging their roles as participants engaged in producing knowledge. Students also perceive the value of project-based learning, experience this form of learning, and are rewarded through the responses of others to their projects within a community of practice.
Embodiments of Public Pedagogy: The Art of Soulful Resistance
Authors: Darder Antonia
Published: December 2011

This article provides a space to explore, through artistic representations and the words of artists themselves, the manner in which politically engaged artists use their visual art, poetry, music, dance, and theatre performances as an effective tool for public pedagogy. In turn, these artists provide those who enter into their cultural production a place of interrogation, affirmation, political critique, and solidarity, as they contend skillfully with issues of oppression, resistance, and the daily struggles to survive in a world of inequalities.
Improvisational Theatre as Public Pedagogy: A Case Study of ‘Aesthetic’ Pedagogy in Leadership Development
Authors: Katz-Buonincontro Jen
Published: December 2011

How does improvisational theatre promote aesthetic learning in leaders, emphasizing emotion and somatic, or sensory, knowledge? While improvisational theatre has been used in organizational settings, there is little empirical research describing the aesthetic learning process geared towards preparing educational leaders. Based on a case study of an educational leadership institute using grounded theory to investigate the use of improvisational theatre, four learning conditions emerged for promoting the phenomenon of the aesthetic learning process. The article describes key features of this process - catharsis, empathy, and heightened sensory perception - as compared to works by Dewey, Greene, and Freire. These aesthetic aspects challenge the traditional role of leadership ‘trainer’ and leadership ‘student’ and reflect a more collaborative conception of leadership development as conveyed in public pedagogy literature.
Boundaries of weak peak points in noncommutative algebras of Lipschitz functions
Authors: Averill Kassandra , Johnston Ann , Northrup Ryan , Silversmith Robert , Luttman Aaron
Published: December 2011

It has been shown that any Banach algebra satisfying ‖f
2‖ = ‖f‖2 has a representation as an algebra of quaternion-valued continuous functions. Whereas some of the classical theory of algebras of continuous complex-valued functions extends immediately to algebras of quaternion-valued functions, similar work has not been done to analyze how the theory of algebras of complex-valued Lipschitz functions extends to algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions. Denote by Lip(X,
$\mathbb{F}$
) the algebra over R of F-valued Lipschitz functions on a compact metric space (X, d), where
$\mathbb{F}$
= ℝ, ℂ, or ℍ, the non-commutative division ring of quaternions. In this work, we analyze a class of subalgebras of Lip(X,
$\mathbb{F}$
) in which the closure of the weak peak points is the Shilov boundary, and we show that algebras of functions taking values in the quaternions are the most general objects to which the theory of weak peak points extends naturally. This is done by generalizing a classical result for uniform algebras, due to Bishop, which ensures the existence of the Shilov boundary. While the result of Bishop need not hold in general algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions, we give sufficient conditions on such an algebra for it to hold and to guarantee the existence of the Shilov boundary.
Art History Publishing and Segmentation: Exploratory Observations of an Ecology of Publishing
Authors: Hérubel Jean-Pierre V.M.
Published: December 2011

Art history publication occupies a complex scholarly geography. Unlike other humanities disciplines, art history publication encompasses a larger landscape, including various publishers and venues available to art historians. Since the book is considered a sine qua non in the humanities, art history as a discipline is open to a more dynamic configuration of publishing opportunities. Depending upon local academic professional requirements, art historians can avail themselves of different outlets—for example, university presses, museums, and university museum publications—for the dissemination of knowledge. This introductory and exploratory discussion centres on the unique environment open to art historians in academia as well as in the museum world. Focused on twentieth-century topics, this discussion offers examples of publishing trends, including what types of publisher are linked to different types of subjects. Further discussion offers an approach that can be applied to any variety of subjects in art history. A significant objective of this article is to situate the larger context into an ecology of publication in art history.