bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of various doses of birch-derived biochar on the growth of Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Maleva Maria , Malakheeva Alina , Salata Amjed , Borisova Galina
Published: July 2024

Although biochar (BC) is expected to improve soil properties and plant growth, few studies have confirmed its effect on
Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower). The effects of four different concentrations of birch-derived BC (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) on the biometric growth parameters of sunflower were studied in a 60-day pot-scale experiment. In addition, the physicochemical properties and elemental composition of the birch-derived BC and peat substrates were examined. It is noted that birch-derived BC was characterized by a slightly acidic pH (about 6.4), lower electrical conductivity and 3.4 times higher water-holding capacity compared to the control substrate. Moreover, the percentage of carbon in BC was 1.4 times higher, while the content of hydrogen and oxygen, on the contrary, was lower in 1.5 and 2.0 times than in the control substrate. In most cases, adding BC to the peat substrate improved H. annuus growth parameters such as shoot height, root length, leaf area, as well as total fresh and dry biomass. The best results were obtained by adding 5% BC, which had a positive effect on all biometric parameters of H. annuus plants, while 10% BC had the least impact.
Harnessing precision agriculture technologies to enhance efficiency and yield in the agro- industrial complex
Authors: Nazarov Anton , Sulimin Vladimir , Shvedov Vladislav
Published: July 2024

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies have revolutionized farming practices, offering substantial benefits in terms of efficiency and yield optimization within the agro-industrial complex. This article explores the integration of various PA tools, including geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing, and data analytics, to enhance agricultural management practices. By leveraging these technologies, farmers can make informed decisions tailored to specific field conditions, thereby optimizing resource allocation and minimizing environmental impact. The article delves into case studies and empirical evidence demonstrating the tangible advantages of PA adoption across diverse agricultural sectors, such as crop cultivation, livestock management, and agroforestry. Furthermore, it examines the role of emerging technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and sensor networks, in furthering the precision and scalability of agricultural operations. Key findings highlight the potential of PA to improve resource use efficiency, reduce input costs, mitigate risks associated with climate variability, and ultimately increase agricultural productivity and profitability. The synthesis of this research underscores the transformative impact of PA technologies in fostering sustainable and resilient agro-industrial systems for the future.
Leveraging market insights for sustainable agricultural practices
Authors: Kulikova Elena , Molokova Elena
Published: July 2024

The integration of market insights into agricultural strategy is increasingly recognized as a pivotal element for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural practices. This article examines how market-driven data can inform and refine sustainable farming techniques within the agro-industrial complex. By analyzing consumer trends, pricing patterns, and demand fluctuations, agricultural stakeholders can align their practices more closely with environmental sustainability goals and market demands. We explore several case studies where market insights have directly influenced agricultural decision-making, leading to more efficient use of resources and reduced environmental impact. These include the adoption of organic farming practices in response to rising consumer demand for organic produce, and the strategic placement of crops based on predictive analytics of market trends. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of digital technologies, such as big data analytics and AI, in capturing and analyzing market data to facilitate informed decision-making. Key findings suggest that leveraging market insights not only enhances the economic viability of agricultural enterprises but also promotes environmental stewardship and resource sustainability. The conclusion highlights the need for a collaborative approach between market analysts, agronomists, and farmers to foster a sustainable, market-responsive agricultural framework.
Morphometric changes in the walls and lymphoid structures of the colon in radiation sickness
Authors: Davlatov Salim , Navruzov Rustam , Sanoyeva Matluba , Xudoykulov Dilshod , Gaziev Karim
Published: July 2024

The study of age, individual, sex and anthropometric characteristics of the organism at different stages of development under different conditions is one of the most important tasks. The immune system depends largely on age, health, stress, environmental conditions and other factors. The study found that the length of the colon of rats of intact and irradiated groups showed that there was a decrease in its length, which is most pronounced at 3 months of age, in the following months of observation these indicators were at almost the same level. Thus, studies have shown that morphometric parameters of the colon (length, perimeter, thickness) increase unevenly with age.
Efficiency of ferrotherapy when using different groups of iron drugs in patients with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Yuldashova Rano , Tilloeva Shakhlo , Djuraeva Nozima , Adizova Dilnavoz , Sultanova Nigora , Asrorov Akmal
Published: July 2024

To date, a number of scientific studies are being conducted in the world devoted to the study of various variants of the manifestation of helicobacteriosis. Special attention should be paid to studies on the pathogenesis of iron drugs (ID) in helicobacteriosis and the role of eradication therapy in improving the effectiveness of iron therapy. Despite the fact that there are results of numerous studies confirming the role of HP in the development of ID, there are still unresolved issues related to determining the exact indications for specific therapy aimed at eradicating this infection in cases where patients with clinical and laboratory signs of ID do not have obvious symptoms damage to the gastric mucosa.
Analysis of the results of the study on the determination of cytokines in patients with chronic hepatitis c depending on the presence of crioglobulinemia
Authors: Oblokulov Abdurashid , Abdulloev Mukhriddin , Jalilova Aziza
Published: July 2024

40 patients with CHC with extrahepatic manifestations were involved in the conducted studies to determine the cytokines IL-10 and IL- 18 in patients with CHC, depending on the presence of cryglobulinemia. The results of the study showed that in patients with chronic hepatitis C with extrahepatic manifestations, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was reduced by 2.37 times in patients, and there was a significant increase in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in the blood serum by 2.71 times in relation to normal values.
Case of laparoscopic treatment recurrent obturator hernia
Authors: Davlatov Salim , Navruzov Rustam , Sanoyeva Matluba , Xudoykulov Dilshod , Gaziev Karim
Published: July 2024

Obturator hernia is an internal abdominal hernia in the pelvis, which is very rare in the practice of a surgeon. This hernia is more common in elderly women. The incidence varies but is approximately 0.05-0.07% of all hernias. Obturator hernias present a diagnostic challenge because signs and symptoms are often non-specific, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. They require high vigilance and caution in surgical treatment as many of these patients are elderly with the presence of comorbidities. Reports on the treatment modality, will benefit the surgical community regarding the management of obturator hernias. We present a rare case of recurrent obturator hernia causing recurrent small bowel obstruction in a 63- year-old woman.
The liquid mineral- and probiotic-containing feed additives for poultry
Authors: Gavrilova Elizaveta , Ezhkov Vladimir , Ezhkova Asiya , Kayumov Airat , Yarullina Dina
Published: July 2024

In this study, we assessed the biocompatibility of five probiotic lactobacilli strains and characterized sapropel, bentonite, and zeolite from the deposits of Tatarstan Republic in terms of their chemical and mineral compositions, cation exchange capacities, sorption activity, and the structure of the ion exchange and sorption complexes. We also constructed a synbiotic preparation with sapropel, bentonite, and zeolite as carrier matrixes for probiotic lactobacilli and determined their viability in the preparation for two weeks. High ion-exchange and sorption properties of sapropel, bentonite, and zeolite and suitable bacterial survival rate during storage are among the main benefits of the developed poultry feed. The obtained data have a great potential for practical use in the construction of multi-strain liquid probiotics, in which probiotic lactobacilli are immobilized on mixtures of various mineral matrix carriers.
Investigation of the effect of P2O5 and CaF2 on the crystallization behavior of La2O3-bearing calcium–silicate–aluminum slags using the single hot thermocouple technique
Authors: Zhao Fuheng , Deng Yongchun , Xin Wenbin , Zhang Jing , Jiang Yinju , Cao Zuojun , Wang Liyong
Published: July 2024

The effects of P2O5 and CaF2 components of rare earth (RE)-bearing slags on their crystallization behavior were investigated using single hot-thermocouple technique (SHTT). The time temperature transformation (TTT) diagram exhibited single-nose curves within the examined slag composition range, in agreement with the individual CaLa4(SiO4)3O-type phase detected by an isothermal crystallization experiment in a furnace. Additionally, an increase in the P2O5 content shortened the incubation time and increased the nucleation rate of the columnar CaLa4(SiO4)3O-type phase in the 1350–1150 °C temperature range, while an increase in the CaF2 content had the opposite effects on the incubation time and nucleation rate. The sizes of the CaLa4(SiO4)3O-type phases in the slags with CaF2 were larger than those in the slags with P2O5, as verified by both in situ SHTT images and the crystallization experiment. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram suggested that an increase in the P2O5 content increased the initial crystallization temperature, whereas an increase in the CaF2 content decreased it. An analysis of the isothermal crystallization kinetics revealed that the columnar CaLa4(SiO4)3O-type phase exhibited phase diffusion-controlled growth. An increase in the P2O5 content tended to decrease the crystallization activation energy, while an increase in the CaF2 content increased the activation energy.
„Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Hitzeperioden und dem
psychiatrischen Notfall in einer Zentralen Notaufnahme?“
Authors: Kirchner Heribert , Ullrich Heiko , Hulsmans Nik , Brzoska Patrick , Pajonk Frank-Gerald B.
Published: July 2024

Ziel der Studie Es gibt Hinweise, dass sich der Klimawandel, verbunden mit
einer Zunahme der Häufigkeit und Schwere von Hitzeperioden, negativ auf die
psychische Gesundheit auswirkt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, mögliche
Zusammenhänge zwischen hohen Temperaturen und der Inanspruchnahme einer ZNA
durch Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen zu untersuchen.

Methodik Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse aller psychiatrischen
Notfallpatienten im Zeitraum von 2015 bis 2022 (N=15478) durchgeführt und den
lokalen Temperaturdaten gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse Während Hitzeperioden stellten sich mehr psychiatrische
Notfallpatienten in der ZNA vor.

Schlussfolgerung Bis auf eine erhöhte Vorstellungsrate während
Hitzeperioden konnten in unserer Stichprobe keine weiteren signifikanten
Auswirkungen von Hitze auf psychiatrische Notfälle gefunden werden. Dies steht
im Widerspruch zu Ergebnissen anderer Studien. Andere systemische Einflüsse, wie
die Inanspruchnahme der ZNA währen der Covid-19-Pandemie, konnten die Ergebnisse
modifizieren.
Shared Access to Adults' Patient Portals: A Secret Shopper Exercise
Authors: Wachenheim Deborah , Hurwitz Isabel , Dukhanin Vadim , Wolff Jennifer L. , DesRoches Catherine M.
Published: July 2024

Background Millions of Americans manage their health care with the help of a trusted individual. Shared access to a patient's online patient portal is one tool that can assist their care partner(s) in gaining access to the patient's health information and allow for easy exchange with the patient's care team. Shared access provides care partners with a validated and secure method for accessing the patient's portal account using their own login credentials. Shared access provides extra privacy protection and control to the patient, who designates which individuals can view their record. It also reduces confusion for the care team when interacting with the care partner via the portal. Shared access is underutilized among adult patients' care partners.

Objectives Investigate the process of granting or receiving shared access at multiple health care organizations in the United States to learn about barriers and facilitators experienced by patients and care partners.

Methods The Shared Access Learning Collaborative undertook a “Secret Shopper” exercise. Participants attempted to give or gain shared access to another adult's portal account. After each attempt they completed a 14-question survey with a mix of open- and closed-ended questions.

Results Eighteen participants attempted to grant or receive shared access a total of 24 times. Fifteen attempts were successful. Barriers to success included requiring paper forms with signatures, lack of knowledgeable staff, lack of access to technical support, and difficult-to-navigate technology. Facilitators included easy-to-navigate online processes and accessible technical help. Participants who were successful in gaining shared access reported feeling more informed and able to engage in shared decision-making.

Conclusion The outcomes of our secret shopper exercise underscore the importance of collaboration aimed at learning from diverse encounters and disseminating the best practices. This is essential to address technical, informational, and organizational obstacles that may impede the widespread and accessible adoption of shared access.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent 8-Aryl-7-deazaguanines
Authors: Dhimitruka Ilirian , Cheney Hunter B. D. , Zevitz Elise S. , Herbrechtsmeier Madeline G.
Published: July 2024

Microwave-assisted conditions were adapted to our previously published synthesis of 8-aryl-7-deazaguanines via cyclocondensation of phenacyl bromides with 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine in refluxing 1,4-dioxane. Upon microwave irradiation at 150–225 °C, 8-aryl-7-deazaguanines were obtained in high yield above 90% and within 15–60 min, compared to the 24–72 h that are required under reflux conditions. Three new fluorescent 8-heteroaryl-7-deazaguanines were additionally produced and characterized confirming our hypothesis that compounds of this class typically exhibit fluorescence properties, regardless of the aryl substituent.
Regio- and Chemoselective Synthesis of 4,6-Dithia-1,2,9-triazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-8-ones through an Ultrasound-Promoted One-Pot Sequential Pseudo-Five-Component Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Chelebari Ebrahim Amir , Rezaiyehraad Reza
Published: July 2024

Spiro-heterocycles have attracted significant interest due to their unique biological properties with fewer side effects compared to traditional drugs. Herein, a novel method is reported for the synthesis of a series of spiro-heterocycles possessing a quinoline motif. The strategy utilizes rhodanine derivatives, hydrazonoyl chlorides, and 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde, and proceeds via a one-pot sequential pseudo-five-component reaction. The reactions are found to proceed in a regioselective and chemoselective manner.
Evaluation of Salvia officinalis in the Treatment of Acetic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Rat Model
Authors: Shahriarirad Reza , Seifbehzad Sarvin , Erfani Amirhossein , Nekouei Fatemeh , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Hosseinzadeh Masood , Tanideh Nader , Koohi-Hosseinabadi Omid , Sarkari Bahador
Published: July 2024

Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers within the digestive tract. This study aims to determine the histochemical alteration of Salvia officinalis (sage), an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant herbal agent on UC.

Materials and Methods The disease was induced in 37 Sprague-Dawley rats with 2 mL of 3% acetic-acid (AA) enema. The rats were divided into five groups: a control group (AA), two 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) groups treated either orally (AO) or rectally (AR) with a dose of 100 mg/kg, and two salvia groups treated with 300mg/kg salvia orally (SO) or rectally (SR). Histopathological analyses of the colon were done on day 7, and markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and complete blood count were measured.

Result In macroscopic evaluation, the AO group demonstrated the lowest involvement, followed by the SO, SR, AR, and AA groups, respectively (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the SO and AO groups (p = 0.10), and the SR and AR groups (p = 0.58). Regarding microscopic histopathological findings, the AO and SO group demonstrated the most satisfactory results, with no significant difference between the AO versus SO, and AR versus SR groups. Inflammation was resolved in all of the AO and SO subjects.

Conclusion Salvia can be beneficial in the treatment course of UC by inhibiting inflammatory responses, increasing the growth and viability of intestinal mucosa, and its antioxidant effects. Therefore, we propose the prescription of salvia as an adds-on or alternative therapy in the management of UC.
Clinical Characterization, Transmissibility, and Seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children (before the Start of Vaccination) in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain)
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Juan José , Fumadó Victoria , Pons-Tomàs Gemma , Hernández-García María , Melé-Casas Maria , de-Sevilla Mariona F. , Launes Cristian , Girona-Alarcón Mònica , Barnés María Ríos , Bassat Quique , Ajanovic Sara , Cubells Marta , Claverol Joana , Penela-Sánchez Daniel , Jou Cristina , Monsonis Manuel , Esteva Cristina , Fassanella Assumpta , Cuadras Daniel , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Jordan Iolanda , Fortuny Claudia
Published: July 2024

Objective Analyzing the clinical and microbiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in children seems essential to determine their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.

Methods A prospective, longitudinal, and observational study, including children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection, in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain), was performed. The recruitment pathways were: (1) children who attended a summer school and were included in an active surveillance study and (2) children who were visited in the Emergency Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu with symptoms. Close contacts with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were also included. The children recruited were followed up for 5 weeks. Evaluation of participants included a questionnaire for COVID-19 symptoms, nasopharyngeal swabbing for real-time PCR at 0, 7, and 14 days (weekly repeated up to week 5 if it resulted positive at 14 days), and serology testing at the recruitment and at the fifth week of follow-up.

Results A total of 90 children were recruited, of which 32% were asymptomatic. Transmission was studied in 70/90 children, and in 12 cases (17%), transmission to other children or adults was observed. No clinical or epidemiological differences were found between children who transmitted and those who did not. At the end of the follow-up, 11% of nasopharyngeal PCR remained positive. The serological response was studied in 73/90 children, and 80.82% of children seroconverted.

Conclusion No differences in epidemiological characteristics were found between children who transmitted and those who did not. PCR can be persistently positive for more than 5 weeks. The majority of patients who suffer from the disease produce antibodies against it.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes after Cryoablation of Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Bergin Brad , Newman Lucas Killian , Przybojewski Stefan
Published: July 2024

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of cryoablation on patients with desmoid tumors, considering both pain and functional impairment. Cryoablation has emerged as a promising intervention, primarily recognized for its ability to reduce radiological evidence of the neoplasm. However, the focus of this research is on assessing the clinical outcomes, recognizing the importance of improving patient-reported symptoms as additional evidence is required in this area to strengthen previous findings.

Methods A retrospective study of 18 patients treated with cryoablation for desmoid tumors were included in this study. The evaluation of clinical status involved structured interviews to capture changes in pain and functional impairment. Pain scores and functional impairment scores were recorded on a 10-point Likert scale before and after the treatment. The correlation between these clinical findings and imaging was a key aspect of the investigation.

Results Following cryoablation treatment, the average pain scores exhibited a notable decrease of 4.75 points on the 10-point Likert scale. Similarly, functional impairment scores demonstrated a significant average decrease of 4.0 points. Additionally, there was an overall decrease in viable tumor volume after ablation, correlating with the above findings.

Conclusion This study provides evidence that cryoablation is effective in achieving clinically significant improvement in patients with desmoid tumors. While the reduction in radiological evidence is recognized, the emphasis of this study was on patient-reported outcomes, particularly in pain and functional impairment. These findings underscore that cryoablation is a valuable intervention in the comprehensive management of desmoid tumors improving overall quality of life.
Open Neck Lift: Surgical Technique and A Clinical Classification for Cervical Rejuvenation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adil Abbas , Ma Yangmyung , Dargan Dallan , Kelemen Noemi , Bhatti Dujanah , Riaz Armaan , Riaz Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Careful evaluation of the neck and its relationship to the lower third of the face is fundamental to provide appropriate recommendations for procedures. The authors propose a modified Baker “clinical” classification as a more reliable and reproducible evaluative basis for the treatment of the aging neck. A total of 450 patients underwent procedures for cervical rejuvenation between December 2012 and December 2022 by the senior author. These included 9 cases of neck liposuction, 6 isolated neck lifts, 15 minimal access cranial suspension face lifts, 94 face lifts with open neck lifts, and 326 extended R-face and neck lifts. The male-to-female ratio was 1:20. The mean patient age was 59.1 years and the mean follow-up was 14 months (range 11.5–20 months). From the data, a modified Baker clinical classification for the aging neck was formulated along with recommendations for possible solutions. Ninety-four percent of the patients expressed high satisfaction on the Owsley Facelift Satisfaction Survey at 1-year follow-up. The complication rate was 1.78% (8 patients), including 1 hematoma, 1 skin edge necrosis (1 cm), 1 slow healing site (postauricular), 3 limited postauricular/earlobe scar revisions, and 2 mild contour irregularities. Cervical rejuvenation can be achieved by a spectrum of interventions and approaches. A comprehensive preoperative assessment and a clinical neck lift classification are the keys to selecting the correct surgical technique for achieving reliable and consistent results. The authors propose a pragmatic approach for both isolated and integrated neck lift procedures with excellent aesthetic outcomes and minimal complications.
Efficacy and Safety of mFOLFOX-6 in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Patel Amrith B. , Goel Varun , Joga Srujana , Koyyala V.P.B. , Goyal Sumit , Doval Dinesh C. , Batra Ullas , Talwar Vineet
Published: July 2024

Background The widespread use of oxaliplatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FOLFOX) in advanced gastric cancers is mainly based on clinical trials conducted at Western/European countries. The prospective data on efficacy and safety of FOLFOX in advanced gastric cancer is lacking from the developing countries. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of mFOLFOX-6 in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas, as first-line palliative chemotherapy.

Methods Patients with previously untreated metastatic adenocarcinoma of stomach/GEJ, received mFOLFOX-6 (2 hours infusion of oxaliplatin [85 mg/m2] and folinic acid [400 mg/m2], followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 intravenous push, then a 46-hour continuous infusion of 5-FU [2,400 mg/m2]). Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. The patients were prospectively followed up for response rates and toxicity.

Results Sixty-six patients were included in the study with a median age of 57 years. Sixty-two patients were evaluable for response. The overall response rate was 53%, with a disease control rate (overall response and stable disease) of 81.8%. The median progression-free survival was 6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2–6.7 months) and the median overall survival was 11.5 months (95% CI 9.0–13.9 months). Ascites at presentation and more than one site of metastasis are associated with significantly lower survival on the log-rank test. Gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities were predominant, with rates of grade 3 to 4 nausea/vomiting (13.6%), anemia (15.1%), and neutropenia (13.6%). Among other toxicities, neurosensory toxicities were common. Four (6%) patients had grade 3 peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion mFOLFOX-6 is an active and well-tolerated chemotherapy regimen in advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach/GEJ. This regimen has similar response rates and treatment outcomes with lesser grade 3 or 4 toxicities than that of triplet regimens compared to historical studies.
Psychiatric Manifestations Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae Encephalitis Mimicking Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Kentab Amal Y. , AlOlean Thekra
Published: July 2024

A significant etiological factor for upper respiratory tract infections and community-acquired pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The incidence of extrapulmonary neurological problems in infected patients has been shown to range from 0.1 to 7%, often manifesting within a timeframe of 2 to 14 days following the onset of respiratory symptoms. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and transverse myelitis are among the immune-mediated illnesses encompassed under the syndrome. A 3-year-old male child exhibited symptoms of acute encephalopathy and behavioral disruption subsequent to an infection caused by M. pneumoniae. He presented with irritability, sleep disturbance, slurred speech, increased appetite, episodes of unresponsiveness, moving in circles, staring, and laughing episodes lasting for up to 15 to 30 minutes over a week. He lost his previous toilet training. Abnormal jerks were noted while awake and asleep. Symptoms were preceded by exposure to vague febrile illness 3 weeks prior to presentation. The patient's brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Electroencephalography showed a slow background with no epileptiform discharges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and polymerase chain reaction for viruses were negative. The workup for autoimmune encephalitis was negative. Mycoplasma serology IgM was detected. Marked improvement was noted after methylprednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, valproic acid, and azithromycin. In conclusion, our report serves as a reminder that M. pneumoniae infection is a possible cause of encephalopathy and behavioral disturbance in children. Early recognition and promotion of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial treatment can prevent the affected child from experiencing different levels of long-lasting impairments in cognitive, physical, or visual abilities.
Application of Using Gore Preclude MVP Dura Substitute for Intraoperative Durotomy Repair in Lumbar Spine Surgery: Case Series and A Technical Note
Authors: Maki Yoshinori , Kawasaki Toshinari , Nakajima Kota , Ando Mitsushige , Kobayashi Tamaki , Ioroi Yoshihiko , Takayama Motohiro
Published: July 2024

Durotomy is an intraoperative complication in lumbar surgery, which can result in refractory cerebrospinal leakage. Therefore, intraoperative durotomy in lumbar surgery should be appropriately repaired. The aim of the study was to describe our method to repair intraoperative durotomy using the Gore Preclude MVP Dura Substitute (MVP). The MVP is an artificial dural substitute of three layers. Its surfaces are composed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and the intermittent layer is made of a proprietary fluoroelastomer. After an incidental durotomy during surgery, the MVP was cut and designed bigger than the size of the durotomy site. The MVP was inserted into the space between the dura and the arachnoid membrane. The MVP was unfolded in the inserted space and fixed to the dura using four nodes of 6–0 nylon yarn. Intraoperative dural repair was achieved, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage did not persist. No complications were observed. Our method to repair intraoperative durotomy using the MVP can be simple and useful.
ESGO Quality Indicators for Surgical Management of Cervical Cancer: An Audit of Compliance of a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Thiagarajan Monica , Thomas Vinotha , Sebastian Ajit , Thomas Dhanya Susan , Thomas Anitha , Chandy Rachel , Peedicayil Abraham
Published: July 2024

Objective This article assesses the compliance of surgical management of carcinoma cervix, to the quality indicators for treatment put forth by the European Society of Gynaeacological Oncology (ESGO), at a tertiary care center.

Methods This is a retrospective analysis and audit of data collected from electronic medical records of patients with carcinoma cervix who underwent surgical management in the department of gynecologic oncology from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2020.

Results Compliance to all 15 quality indicators under 5 categories was assessed. The first two structural indicators were met. The mean number of parametrectomies was 24 and all were operated by a specialist. With regard to targets addressing overall management, only 46% cases were preoperatively planned in multidisciplinary team meetings and 74% met the target of required preop investigations. There was deficiency in recording pertinent intraoperative details and postoperative pathological information. On assessing the quality of surgical care, there were no postoperative urological fistula, but 18% had involved surgical margins, 16% were upstaged postsurgery, and 15% had recurrence within 2 years. All were counseled about fertility-sparing technique when relevant but only 7% had undergone lymph node staging as per recommendations and 51% had received adjuvant chemoradiation.

Conclusion This audit revealed that the department did not meet the ESGO quality standards published in 2020. The department has implemented structural and procedural changes to meet these standards and a plan to continuously assess compliance to the same.
Transcendental properties of entropy-constrained sets II
Authors: Blakaj Vjosa , Manai Chokri
Published: July 2024

In this work, we address the question of the impossibility of certain single-letter formulas by exploiting the semi-algebraic nature of various entropy-constrained sets. The focus lies on studying the properties of the level sets of relative entropy, mutual information, and Rényi entropies. We analyze the transcendental structure of the set of states in which one of the aforementioned entropy quantities is fixed. Our results rule out (semi)algebraic single-shot characterizations of these entropy measures with bounded ancilla for both the classical and quantum cases.
Temporary change in NEXAFS spectra of amorphous carbon nitride films with photoinduced deformation by visible light irradiation
Authors: Aono Masami , Komatsu Keiji , Morita Kyoji , Inoue Tasuku , Kanda Kazuhiro
Published: July 2024

Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) films, prepared by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering, exhibit unique characteristics under visible light irradiation, referred to as photoinduced deformation. This phenomenon represents an energy conversion system wherein photon energy transforms into kinetic energy. The chemical bonding structure of a-CNx films was analyzed using near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) at the NewSUBARU synchrotron facility of the University of Hyogo, Japan. This analysis aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the photoinduced deformation observed in a-CNx films. Three variants of a-CNx films, displaying varying degrees of photoinduced deformation, were deposited using a graphite target and nitrogen gas under different deposition temperatures. The NEXAFS spectra of the a-CNx films with substantial photoinduced deformation showed changes under light irradiation from a Xe lamp (directed through an optical window within the NEXAFS chamber). Specifically, the peaks corresponding to the 1s to π* transition related to C—C and 1s to σ* transition related to C—N bonds exhibited high sensitivity to visible light irradiation. Simultaneously, the N K-edge spectra associated with the 1s to π* transition, attributed to the N—C bond, exhibited a slight intensity decrease. Conversely, the C K-edge spectrum in the a-CNx films displaying minimal photoinduced deformation remained unchanged under visible light irradiation. The N K-edge spectra maintained a consistent shape under both visible light and dark conditions.
Study on reliability improvement for p-type FeFinFET under negative-bias temperature instability stress with appropriate fluorine plasma treatment
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Yeh Min-Yen , Lai Guan-Yu , Huang Bo-Rong , Yang Yi-Lin
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the effects of fluorine plasma treatment (FPT) on the reliability of p-type ferroelectric fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FeFinFETs) based on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) and subjected to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). Compared with non-FPT devices, FeFinFETs treated with FPT exhibited higher drive currents and mobility for fresh devices, indicating an improvement in interface quality. After NBTI stress, FPT devices exhibited lesser threshold voltage shift and subthreshold swing degradation than non-FPT devices, which is attributed to the passivation of dangling bonds between the Si/HZO interfaces by fluorine. Si–F bonds are less susceptible to breakage than Si–H bonds. These findings suggest that FPT is a promising technique to enhance the reliability and performance of FeFinFETs based on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2.
Quantification of electron–phonon interaction in bismuth telluride under hydrostatic pressure via ultrafast spectroscopy
Authors: Guan Bowen , Ma Fuxiang , Wu Ruiqi , Jiang Yuanfei , Jin Mingxing , Li Qingyi
Published: July 2024

Here, we demonstrate a strategy for the quantification of electron–phonon interaction (EPI) of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) under hydrostatic pressure through systematic femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Two optical phonon modes, namely A1g and Eg with frequencies of 1.87 and 3.71 THz at ambient pressure, are detected using time-resolved transient reflection (TR) measurement. Frequencies of both coherent phonon oscillations increase monotonically by around 33% and 17%, respectively, with the rising pressure up to 5.67 GPa, indicating pressure-induced phonon-hardening effect. The mode-specific electron–phonon coupling constant λ of Bi2Te3 under different pressures are calculated with the frequency of the A1g mode. It turns out that the variation of phonon lifetime and the corresponding phonon dephasing rate of the A1g mode may result from the pressure modification of λ. Our findings reveal the significant role of EPI in phonon transport and shed light on further manipulation on thermoelectric efficiency of Bi2Te3 with external strain.
WS2 monolayer integration in a FAPbI3-based heterostructure
Authors: Miró-Zárate Jorge Luis , Cervantes-Sodi Felipe , Elias-Espinosa Milton Carlos , García-Trujillo Skarleth , Diliegros-Godines Carolina Janani
Published: July 2024

Incorporating a monolayer of WS2 via interface engineering enhances the overall physical properties of a FAPbI3 perovskite based heterostructure. FAPbI3/WS2/TiO2/ITO and FAPbI3/TiO2/ITO heterostructures were analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The configuration with WS2 interlayer presents higher absorption in the visible region with a bandgap of ∼1.45 eV. WS2 also enhances the deposition process of FAPbI3, resulting in the formation of pure photoactive α-phase without the non-photoactive δ-phase or residual plumbates. The incorporation of the monolayer improves the crystalline structure of the FAPbI3, promoting a preferential growth in the [100] direction. The smooth surface of WS2 favors a homogeneous morphology and an increase in the grain size to ∼4.5 μm, the largest reported for similar structures. Furthermore, the work function obtained lets us propose an enhanced an adequate energy band alignment between FAPbI3 and the n-type layers for the electron flux to the cathode. Conductivity and IV curves show a better performance with WS2. These findings strongly suggest that the interfacial coupling of FAPbI3/WS2 could be a promising candidate in photovoltaic applications.
A dispersion function for the regularized kappa distribution function
Authors: Gaelzer Rudi , Fichtner Horst , Scherer Klaus
Published: July 2024

In this work, we define the plasma dispersion function for a suprathermal plasma described with a regularized kappa distribution. As is known from Maxwellian as well as (standard) kappa plasmas, the respective Fried–Conte and the modified plasma dispersion functions are valuable tools for various analytical studies. For the latter it has been proven very useful to know about the mathematical properties, as analytical continuation, series expansions as well as asymptotic expressions. Given the growing popularity of the regularized kappa distribution, as indicated by its increasing number of applications to various problems related to suprathermal plasmas, we extend its theoretical treatment here by providing the corresponding plasma dispersion function along with various properties.
Calculations for preemptive surface adsorbate drive-off to minimize plasma formation during operation of high-power microwave sources
Authors: Pokhrel Y. M. , Shrestha S. C. , Iqbal Y. , Portillo S. , Joshi R. P.
Published: July 2024

Thermal driven desorption of surface impurities is probed based on coupled Monte Carlo–heat flow–molecular dynamics simulations. Such adsorbates can lead to plasma formation during the operation of high-power microwave systems with various negative outcomes and so need to be curtailed. Our study attempts to obtain temperature thresholds for desorbing different surface contaminants such as C2, O2, CO, and CO2. The results show that carbon-based adsorbates on copper (chosen as an example anode material) could be ejected at a relatively modest surface temperature of 650 K. On the other hand, reactive species such as oxygen are very stable due to their large cohesive energies. Our calculations further suggest the benefit of using a platinum coating layer, as the noble metal is robust with strong resistance to oxidation.
A global plasma and surface model of hydrogen/methane inductively coupled discharge to analyze hydrocarbon plasma–surface interactions in extreme-ultraviolet lithography machines
Authors: Kemaneci Efe , von Keudell Achim , Heijmans Luuk , Yakunin Andrei M. , de Kerkhof Mark van
Published: July 2024

Hydrocarbon contamination is associated with light transmission losses in modern lithography machines, which contain extreme-ultraviolet-induced plasma. A volume-averaged global and deposition/etch surface model of a reference hydrogen/methane inductive discharge is developed to investigate the plasma–surface interactions. The simulation results are validated against a wide variety of experiments and verified with respect to multiple sets of computational data. The deposition rate is calculated for a variation in methane impurity (10–10 000 ppm), power, pressure, and net mass flow. The simulations conclude that the hydrocarbon plasma deposition can be minimized by reducing methane impurity and excluding solid organic structures.
Water at the nanoscale: From filling or dewetting hydrophobic pores and carbon nanotubes to “sliding” on graphene
Authors: Accordino Sebastián R. , Alarcón Laureano M. , Loubet Nicolás A. , Appignanesi Gustavo A.
Published: July 2024

In this work, we study the effect of nanoconfinement on the hydration properties of model hydrophobic pores and carbon nanotubes, determining their wetting propensity and the conditions for geometrically induced dehydration. By employing a recently introduced water structural index, we aim at two main goals: (1) to accurately quantify the local hydrophobicity and predict the drying transitions in such systems, and (2) to provide a molecular rationalization of the wetting process. In this sense, we will further discuss the number and strength of the interactions required by the water molecules to promote wetting. In the case of graphene-like surfaces, an explanation for their unexpectedly significant hydrophilicity will also be provided. On the one hand, the structural index will show that the net attraction to the dense carbon network that a water molecule experiences through several simultaneous weak interactions is sufficient to give rise to hydrophilic behavior. On the other hand, we will show that an additional effect is also at play: the hydrating water molecule is retained on the surface by a smooth exchange of such simultaneous weak interactions, as if “sliding” on graphene.
Unveiling microstructural damage for leakage current degradation in SiC Schottky diode after heavy ions irradiation under 200 V
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Zhai Pengfei , Yang Chen , Zhao Shiwei , Nan Shuai , Hu Peipei , Zhang Teng , Chen Qiyu , Xu Lijun , Li Zongzhen , Liu Jie
Published: July 2024

Single-event burnout and single-event leakage current (SELC) in silicon carbide (SiC) power devices induced by heavy ions severely limit their space application, and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. One fundamental problem is lack of high-resolution characterization of radiation damage in the irradiated SiC power devices, which is a crucial indicator of the related mechanism. In this Letter, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the radiation damage in the 1437.6 MeV 181Ta-irradiated SiC junction barrier Schottky diode under 200 V. The amorphous radiation damage with about 52 nm in diameter and 121 nm in length at the Schottky metal (Ti)–semiconductor (SiC) interface was observed. More importantly, in the damage site the atomic mixing of Ti, Si, and C was identified by electron energy loss spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM. It indicates that the melting of the Ti–SiC interface induced by localized Joule's heating is responsible for the amorphization and the possible formation of titanium silicide, titanium carbide, or ternary phases. The mushroom-like hillock in the Ti layer can be attributed to Rayleigh–Taylor instability, as another evidence for ever-happened localized melting near the Schottky interface. These modifications at nanoscale in turn cause localized degradation of the Schottky contact, resulting in permanent increase in leakage current. This experimental study provides very valuable clues for a thorough understanding of the SELC mechanism in SiC diodes.
Curvature-induced enhancement of thermal stability of skyrmions
Authors: Silva-Junior A. G. , Fonseca J. M. , Costilla J. I. , Amaral M. M. , Riveros A. , Carvalho-Santos V. L.
Published: July 2024

Geometry plays an important role in the nucleation, stabilization, and manipulation of magnetization patterns within magnetic nanoelements. This work analyzes the impact of curvature on the thermal stability of skyrmions hosted on Gaussian-shaped nanoshells. Based on annihilation processes observed in flat nanoparticles, three distinct annihilation processes—skyrmion contraction, expansion, and displacement toward the nanodot border—are analyzed. We show that curvature-induced effective interactions significantly alter the energy barriers associated with these annihilation processes. The changes in energy are related to the relative alignment between the skyrmion core and the direction normal to the surface, highlighting the presence of favorable and unfavorable chiralities for skyrmion stabilization in curved nanodots. We also show that, unlike the one obtained for flat nanodots, where the skyrmion lifetimes typically span seconds, the lowest energy barrier values in curved nanodots reach values that ensure skyrmion lifetimes at room temperature to months before thermal fluctuations annihilate them. Curvature parameters can control the annihilation mechanism. This enhancement in skyrmion stability holds even without external additional stimuli. This underscores the profound impact of curvature on the dynamic behavior and thermal stability of skyrmions within magnetic nanoelements.
Clarification of the spontaneous polarization direction in crystals with wurtzite structure
Authors: Fichtner Simon , Yassine Mohamed , Van de Walle Chris G. , Ambacher Oliver
Published: July 2024

The wurtzite structure is one of the most frequently found crystal structures in modern semiconductors and its inherent spontaneous polarization is a defining materials property. Despite this significance, confusion has been rampant in the literature with respect to the orientation of the spontaneous polarization inside the unit cell of the wurtzite structure, especially for the technologically very relevant III-N compounds (AlN, GaN, and InN). In particular, the spontaneous polarization has been reported to either point up or down for the same unit cell orientation, depending on the literature source—with important implications for, e.g., the carrier type and density expected at interfaces of heterostructures involving materials with the wurtzite structure. This perspective aims to resolve this ambiguity by reviewing available reports on the direction of the energetically preferred polarization direction in the presence of external electric fields as well as atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy images. While we use ferroelectric wurtzite Al1−xScxN as a key example, our conclusions are generalizable to other compounds with the same crystal structure. We demonstrate that a metal-polar unit cell must be associated with an upward polarization vector—which is contrary to long-standing conventional wisdom.