bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a Prosumer in Optimal Design Energy Systems Problem
Authors: Barakhtenko Evgeny , Sokolov Dmitry , Tashlykova Veronica
Published: June 2019

The conversion of existing energy systems to intelligent integrated energy systems can happen only if economic benefits due to introduction of the intelligent integrated energy systems will exceed required level of investments. Thus, it is necessary for every optimal design energy systems problem according to the purposes of the study to determine various aspects of equipment configuration, investment and a proposed unit commitment on a case-by-case basis. The studies, taking under consideration energy efficiency of renewable energy units, are particularly important as environmental safety standards are increasing. In the paper optimal design of prosumer energy supply system problem in the intelligent integrated energy system was investigated. For this purpose a super structure for an energy supply system includes different generating capacities with relevant power range. The superstructure for prosumer energy supply system consists of an electric boiler, a gas-fired boiler, a solar photo-voltaic, a solar heating system and a gas-fired CHP. An ability of district energy system to receive the excess generating energy is restricted by the constraints. The heat and electricity tariffs and the received to district energy supply system energy constraints are varying according to time period. As a result of this study, cost-effectiveness analysis of chosen equipment configuration was undertaken.
Optimal reconstruction of water supply network under conditions of reduced water consumption
Authors: Chupin Roman V. , Pham Minh Ngoc , Chupin Viktor R.
Published: June 2019

In recent years, due to the country's energy conservation policies in cities and towns, there has been a steady decline in the specific water consumption. Many industrial enterprises switched to water-saving technologies and circulating water supply systems. Such a policy favorably affects the environmental safety of territories by reducing wastewater discharges into water bodies and saves energy for pumping water and wastewater. At the same time, due to a decrease in the speed of water movement, its quality indicators deteriorate and stagnant zones appear, and due to the reduction of water consumption, pumping stations began to operate in low efficiency modes. The article proposes to solve this problem by decommissioning certain sections of the network and facilities, which improve the speed of other pipelines and provide pumping stations with the highest efficiency. For this purpose, a technique has been developed to optimize flows in existing water supply systems and its implementation in the Trace – BK software package. A new method of optimizing operating costs for water supply systems in the face of decreasing water consumption is proposed. This technique makes it possible to identify inefficient sections of network and take them out of operation while improving the operation speed of other pipeline and bring the operation of pumping stations to the mode with the highest efficiency.
Multiple-criteria decision analysis for cross-country gas pipelines
Authors: Sukharev Mikhail , Popov Ruslan , Balchenko Anton
Published: June 2019

The paper considers the shortand medium-term planning problems of the regimes of multi-line technical gas pipeline corridors (MLGP) of Russian gas supply system. The fall in gas production due to the depletion of the gas fields leads to a decrease in the load of some operating MLGPs. At the same time, there is a redundancy of production capacities at compressor stations (CS). It becomes possible to use various technological schemes for incorporating CS with lines "pass by" in order to reduce the cost of gas pumping. The solution of the optimization task for the search for MLGP regimes in a one-criterion (minimum of the energy cost) formulation leads to frequent equipment switching. That is unacceptable. Therefore, it is advisable to proceed to multi-criteria statements, formalizing and introducing as criteria the requirements for the stability of technological schemes for switching on equipment, which are usually respected by the dispatch services. The purpose of this article is the development and testing of mathematical models and a computer program to support the adoption of dispatch solutions for managing modes of large MLGPs under conditions of incomplete loading. The solution method is demonstrated by the example of a three-line MLGP. The choice of optimal control is carried out using dynamic programming methods. In order to improve the quality of the choice of control actions, an algorithm is suggested that takes into account the stochastic nature of the loading of the MLGP.
Absence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the tickHyalomma aegyptiumparasitizing the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) in Tunisia
Authors: Fares Wasfi , Dachraoui Khalil , Najjar Chawki , Younsi Hend , Findlay-Wilson Stephen , Petretto Marie , Dowall Stuart , Hewson Roger , Zhioua Elyes
Published: June 2019

Free-ranging spur-thighed tortoisesTestudo graeca, captured in different habitat types of Northern Tunisia from March to April 2017, were examined for tick infestation: 134/147 (91%) were infested. The overall infestation intensity and abundance was 8.5 and 7.8, respectively. From these tortoises, 1174 ticks were collected, of which 10% (n = 120) taken from 18 randomly-selected tortoises were identified at the species level; the remaining ticks were examined for the presence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) by real time RT-PCR. Only adultHyalomma aegyptiumwere found, suggesting a high degree of host specificity to tortoises. No CCHFv was detected in ticks. Considering the absence of CCHFv inHyalomma aegyptiuminfesting its main host, the spur-thighed tortoise, this tick species is unlikely to play a major role in the epidemiology of CCHF. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the circulation of this arbovirus between livestock and other tick species from North Africa.
Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Pregnant Breast Cancer Patients – an Overview of the Literature
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Markert Udo R. , Fröhlich Karolin
Published: June 2019

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies which appear during pregnancy. Since women are increasingly not giving birth until they are at a more advanced age, it can be assumed that the incidence of pregnancy-related breast cancers will continue to increase in the future. Because of pregnancy-induced changes and conservative diagnosis, these carcinomas are frequently not detected until they are at an advanced stage and thus generally require systemic adjuvant therapy. The available data on optimal chemotherapeutic management are limited. Particularly for the use of the target agent trastuzumab which could crucially contribute to improving the prognosis in the therapy of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer in non-pregnant women, there is a lack of definitive information regarding the profile of action and safety in pregnancy as well as with regard to any long-term effects on the child. Thirty-eight pregnancies on trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancer were able to be analysed in the literature currently available. Information can be gained from this and conclusions can be drawn which can individualise and decisively improve therapeutic options in the future for the pregnant breast cancer patient.
Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Testosterone Cypionate and Stanozolol on Neuronal Density of Basolateral and Medial Amygdala and on the Anxious Behavior of Mice
Authors: Ribeiro Melissa , Freitas Ariane , Damião Bruno , Rossi Wagner Costa , Guerra Flávia da Ré , Soares Evelise Aline , Marques Petrus Pires , Esteves Alessandra
Published: June 2019

Supraphysiological doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been associated to possible nerve tissue damage and behavioral effects. Considering the lack of knowledge of the neural aspects involved in these behavioral alterations, this work aimed to analyze the anxious behavior response or aggressiveness, besides quantifying the neuronal density of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and of the ventral posterior nucleus (VPN) of the medial amygdala. The animals received doses of testosterone cypionate (CT Group) and stanozolol (ST Group) twice a week for 33 days. The effects of chronic administration of AAS related to anxious behavior (as determined by the elevated plus maze [EPM] test) in male animals are observed in a lower number of entries (< 45.25%), and a shorter staying time spent in the open arms (< 41.9%) was observed in the ST. In female animals, a longer staying time spent in the closed arms of the EPM test was observed in the CT (> 15%) as well as a shorter staying time spent in the open arms for CT (< 17.1%) also to ST (< 52.1%). Regarding the neuronal density in BLA, a significant reduction in neuronal density of male animals (17.55%) was observed only in CT, whereas for females, significant differences were found in CT (19.16%) and ST (18.36%). The reduction of neuronal density in VPN in male animals was 13.55% in CT and 17.68% in ST, whereas in group of females it was 13.53% and 14.32%, respectively for CT and ST. Therefore, the two steroids used in this experiment were able to significantly reduce neuronal density in two analyzed areas, regardless of sex, suggesting that indiscriminate use of these substances causes death of brain amygdala neurons.
Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 μm–3.5 μm spectral region
Authors: Ma Jie , Qin Zhipeng , Xie Guoqiang , Qian Liejia , Tang Dingyuan
Published: June 2019

Ultrafast laser sources operating in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, which contains the characteristic fingerprint spectra of many important molecules and transparent windows of atmosphere, are of significant importance in a variety of applications. Over the past decade, a significant progress has been made in the development of inexpensive, compact, high-efficiency mid-IR ultrafast mode-locked lasers in the picosecond and femtosecond domains that cover the 2.0 μm–3.5 μm spectral region. These achievements open new opportunities for applications in areas such as molecular spectroscopy, frequency metrology, material processing, and medical diagnostics and treatment. In this review, starting with the introduction of mid-IR mode-locking techniques, we mainly summarize and review the recent progress of mid-IR mode-locked laser sources, including Tm3+-, Ho3+-, and Tm3+/Ho3+-doped all-solid-state and fiber lasers for the 2.0 μm spectral region, Cr2+:ZnSe and Cr2+:ZnS lasers for the 2.4 μm region, and Er3+-, Ho3+/Pr3+-, and Dy3+-doped fluoride fiber lasers for the 2.8 μm–3.5 μm region. Then, some emerging and representative applications of mid-IR ultrafast mode-locked laser sources are presented and illustrated. Finally, outlooks and challenges for future development of ultrafast mid-IR laser sources are discussed and analyzed. The development of ultrafast mid-IR laser sources, together with the ongoing progress in related application technologies, will create new avenues of research and expand unexplored applications in scientific research, industry, and other fields.
Time-evolution of squeezed coherent states of a generalized quantum parametric oscillator
Authors: A. Büyükaşık Şirin , Çayiç Zehra
Published: June 2019

Time evolution of squeezed coherent states for a quantum parametric oscillator with the most general self-adjoint quadratic Hamiltonian is found explicitly. For this, we use the unitary displacement and squeeze operators in coordinate representation and the evolution operator obtained by the Wei-Norman Lie algebraic approach. Then, we analyze squeezing properties of the wave packets according to the complex parameter of the squeeze operator and the time-variable parameters of the Hamiltonian. As an application, we construct all exactly solvable generalized quantum oscillator models classically corresponding to a driven simple harmonic oscillator. For each model, defined according to the frequency modification in position space, we describe explicitly the squeezing and displacement properties of the wave packets. This allows us to see the exact influence of all parameters and make a basic comparison between the different models.
Translational and rotational dynamics of high and low density TIP4P/2005 water
Authors: Camisasca Gaia , Galamba Nuno , Wikfeldt Kjartan Thor , Pettersson Lars G. M.
Published: June 2019

We use molecular dynamics simulations using TIP4P/2005 to investigate the self- and distinct-van Hove functions for different local environments of water, classified using the local structure index as an order parameter. The orientational dynamics were studied through the calculation of the time-correlation functions of different-order Legendre polynomials in the OH-bond unit vector. We found that the translational and orientational dynamics are slower for molecules in a low-density local environment and correspondingly the mobility is enhanced upon increasing the local density, consistent with some previous works, but opposite to a recent study on the van Hove function. From the analysis of the distinct dynamics, we find that the second and fourth peaks of the radial distribution function, previously identified as low density-like arrangements, show long persistence in time. The analysis of the time-dependent interparticle distance between the central molecule and the first coordination shell shows that particle identity persists longer than distinct van Hove correlations. The motion of two first-nearest-neighbor molecules thus remains coupled even when this correlation function has been completely decayed. With respect to the orientational dynamics, we show that correlation functions of molecules in a low-density environment decay exponentially, while molecules in a local high-density environment exhibit bi-exponential decay, indicating that dynamic heterogeneity of water is associated with the heterogeneity among high-density and between high-density and low-density species. This bi-exponential behavior is associated with the existence of interstitial waters and the collapse of the second coordination sphere in high-density arrangements, but not with H-bond strength.
Real-time digital signal recovery for sensors and amplifiers with resonant characteristics
Authors: Lee Jhinhwan
Published: June 2019

A digital signal processing (DSP)-based real-time signal recovery method suitable for a real-valued processing core is presented with a goal of compensating for all the anomalies due to the resonant behaviors of a linear low pass system with complex poles, such as geophone sensors and piezoelectric acceleration sensors. The recovery method is DC-accurate and effectively flattens the frequency response curves up to an adjustable frequency limit of ∼O(0.1/Ts) (Ts is the sampling period of the DSP system) which can be well beyond the conventional cut-off or resonance frequencies of the system. The method can also filter out transient signals due to arbitrary initial conditions and strong resonance. A detailed method to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio is proposed and tested with a set of time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, demonstrating its effectiveness in various parameter conditions.
Surface morphology and straight crack generation of ultrafast laser irradiated β-Ga2O3
Authors: Ahn Minhyung , Sarracino Alex , Ansari Abdul , Torralva Ben , Yalisove Steven , Phillips Jamie
Published: June 2019

Single crystal (010) β-Ga2O3 was irradiated by a Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser (150 fs pulse width) with varying fluences and a number of pulses in air ambient. Femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold of β-Ga2O3 is reported. Single pulse exposure results in surface morphological changes above a threshold laser fluence of 1.11 J/cm2. Laser-induced straight cracks aligned to the [001] crystallographic direction are observed in the laser irradiated regions, which are believed to be caused by laser-induced thermal stress, due to the unique low thermal conductivity and anisotropy associated with β-Ga2O3. Multiple pulse irradiation below the single pulse damage threshold fluence exhibited the formation of high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures. Electron backscattering diffraction and Raman spectroscopy suggested that there was no apparent phase transition of the irradiated β-Ga2O3 material for either single pulse or multiple pulse irradiation. This work serves as a starting point to further understanding the material properties of β-Ga2O3 and to unlock the potential for ultrafast laser material processing of β-Ga2O3.
Dynamics of proton transfer reactions on silicon surfaces: OH-dissociation of methanol and water on Si(001)
Authors: Bohamud T. , Reutzel M. , Dürr M. , Höfer U.
Published: June 2019

The reaction dynamics of methanol and water on Si(001) were investigated by means of molecular beam techniques. The initial sticking probability s0 was determined as a function of the kinetic energy of the incoming molecules, Ekin, and surface temperature, Ts. For both, methanol and water, a nonactivated reactional channel was observed; the dynamics were found to be determined by the reaction into the datively bonded intermediate state. A low conversion barrier was deduced for the conversion from this intermediate into the final state. It is attributed to the reaction mechanism, which proceeds via proton transfer from the OH-group of the datively bonded molecules to a Si surface atom. Despite this low conversion barrier, adsorption into the intermediate and further reaction via proton transfer were found to be largely decoupled.
Understanding the methyl-TROSY effect over a wide range of magnetic fields
Authors: Bolik-Coulon Nicolas , Cousin Samuel F. , Kadeřávek Pavel , Dumez Jean-Nicolas , Ferrage Fabien
Published: June 2019

The use of relaxation interference in the methyl Transverse Relaxation-Optimized SpectroscopY (TROSY) experiment has opened new avenues for the study of large proteins and protein assemblies in nuclear magnetic resonance. So far, the theoretical description of the methyl-TROSY experiment has been limited to the slow-tumbling approximation, which is correct for large proteins on high-field spectrometers. In a recent paper, favorable relaxation interference was observed in the methyl groups of a small protein at a magnetic field as low as 0.33 T, well outside the slow-tumbling regime. Here, we present a model to describe relaxation interference in methyl groups over a broad range of magnetic fields, not limited to the slow-tumbling regime. We predict that the type of multiple-quantum transition that shows favorable relaxation properties change with the magnetic field. Under the condition of fast methyl-group rotation, methyl-TROSY experiments can be recorded over the entire range of magnetic fields from a fraction of 1 T up to 100 T.
Engerer2: Global re-parameterisation, update, and validation of an irradiance separation model at different temporal resolutions
Authors: Bright Jamie M. , Engerer Nicholas A.
Published: June 2019

The Engerer2 separation model estimates the diffuse fraction Kd from inputs of global horizontal irradiance, UTC time, latitude, and longitude. The model was initially parameterized and validated on 1-min resolution data for Australia and performed best out of the 140 models in global validation studies. This research reparameterizes Engerer2 on a global training dataset and at many common temporal resolutions (1-min, 5-min, 10-min, 15-min, 30-min, 1-h, and 1-day), so that it may be more easily implemented in the future; the need for the user to perform prerequisite calculations of solar angles and clear-sky irradiance has also been removed for ease of use. Comparing the results of the new 1-min parameterization against the original Engerer2 parameterization on a global testing dataset, the root mean squared error (RMSE) improves from 0.168 to 0.138, the relative RMSE from 30.4% to 25.1%, the mean bias error from 8.01% to –0.30%, and the coefficient of determination (R2) from 0.80 to 0.86; hence, there is a significant improvement to the model. Engerer2 was unsuited to 1-day averages; however, it performed remarkably well at all other averaging periods. A climate specific analysis found poor suitability of Engerer2 in polar climates; however, improvement and suitability were found for all other climates and temporal averaging periods. Code for the model are provided as supplementary material in languages R, Python, and Matlab®—selected for their wide-adoption in academia and industry—and they can also be found in the Github repository: Engerer2-separation-model.
Spectroscopic fingerprints in the low frequency spectrum of ice (Ih), clathrate hydrates, supercooled water, and hydrophobic hydration reveal similarities in the hydrogen bond network motifs
Authors: Funke Sarah , Sebastiani Federico , Schwaab Gerhard , Havenith Martina
Published: June 2019

Solid phases of water, such as ice (Ih) and clathrate hydrates, form characteristic hydrogen bond network motifs, such as hexagonal ice, pentagons, and dodecahedrons. The same motifs might be present in supercooled water and in the hydration structure around hydrophobes. Here, we present the characteristic low frequency fingerprints of ice (Ih), tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrates, and tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide (TBAB) semiclathrate close to their melting point, as well as supercooled water at 266.6 K and aqueous alcohol solutions. Interestingly, we find in all these cases two characteristic resonances in the THz frequency range: at least, one intensive band in the frequency range between 190 cm−1 and 220 cm−1 which is a characteristic of a tetrahedral hydrogen bond network configuration and a second band in the frequency range between 140 cm−1 and 170 cm−1, indicating a component with weaker hydrogen bonds. For solvated alcohols, we find spectroscopic fingerprints of a clathratelike structure at 164 cm−1 as well as a tetrahedral network structure at 194 cm−1, which is close to one of ice (Ih) at 192 cm−1. We propose that in the hydration shell of hydrophobes, both structural motifs are present. In the case of supercooled water—unlike ice—only one peak was found in the frequency range between 190 cm−1 and 220 cm−1. Interestingly, the latter peak center-frequency (204 cm−1) corresponds to the average of those of the two peaks observed for ice Ih (191 cm−1 and 215 cm−1). This indicates a homogeneous intermediate hydrogen bonding, providing no evidence for any heterogeneity in two high-density and low-density phases.
Multi-bit MRAM storage cells utilizing serially connected perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Rzeszut Piotr , Skowroński Witold , Ziętek Sławomir , Wrona Jerzy , Stobiecki Tomasz
Published: June 2019

Serial connection of multiple memory cells using perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) is proposed as a way to increase magnetic random access memory (MRAM) storage density. A multibit storage element is designed using pMTJs fabricated on a single wafer stack, with serial connections realized using top-to-bottom vias. The tunneling magnetoresistance effect above 130%, current induced magnetization switching in zero external magnetic field, and stability diagram analysis of single, two-bit, and three-bit cells are presented together with thermal stability. The proposed design is easy to manufacture and can lead to an increased capacity of future MRAM devices.
Controlling the bias error of Fokker-Planck methods for rarefied gas dynamics simulations
Authors: Jenny Patrick , Küchlin Stephan , Gorji Hossein
Published: June 2019

Direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) is the most established method for rarefied gas flow simulations. It is valid from continuum to near vacuum, but in cases involving small Knudsen numbers (Kn), it suffers from high computational cost. The Fokker-Planck (FP) method, on the other hand, is almost as accurate as DSMC for small to moderate Kn, but it does not have the computational drawback of DSMC, if Kn is small [P. Jenny, M. Torrilhon, and S. Heinz, “A solution algorithm for the fluid dynamic equations based on a stochastic model for molecular motion,” J. Comput. Phys. 229, 1077–1098 (2010) and H. Gorji, M. Torrilhon, and P. Jenny, “Fokker–Planck model for computational studies of monatomic rarefied gas flows,” J. Fluid Mech. 680, 574–601 (2011)]. Especially attractive is the combination of the two approaches leading to the FP-DSMC method. Opposed to other hybrid methods, e.g., coupled DSMC/Navier-Stokes solvers, it is relatively straightforward to couple DSMC with the FP method since both are based on particle solution algorithms sharing the same data structure and having similar components. Regarding the numerical accuracy of such particle methods, one has to distinguish between spatial truncation errors, time stepping errors, statistical errors and bias errors. In this paper, the bias error of the FP method is analyzed in detail, and it is shown how it can be reduced without increasing the particle number to an exorbitant level. The effectiveness of the discussed bias error reduction scheme is demonstrated for uniform shear flow, for which an analytical reference solution was derived.
Ultrafast magnetization switching in nanoscale magnetic dots
Authors: El-Ghazaly Amal , Tran Brandon , Ceballos Alejandro , Lambert Charles-Henri , Pattabi Akshay , Salahuddin Sayeef , Hellman Frances , Bokor Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

Ultrafast magnetization switching at picosecond and sub-picosecond time scales has tremendous technological potential but still poses numerous questions regarding the underlying quantum mechanical phenomena, including the roles of and interactions between the electrons, spins, and phonons (lattice). At the nanometer-scale dimensions relevant for modern applications, these phenomena become increasingly more pronounced. Until now, helicity-independent all-optical switching (HI-AOS) has been largely limited to amorphous Gd-Fe-Co alloys, for which scaling was challenging due to their relatively low anisotropies. In this work, we demonstrate HI-AOS in amorphous GdCo and scale it to nanometer dimensions while still maintaining uniform out-of-plane magnetization. Single shot HI-AOS is demonstrated in these patterned samples down to a minimum optically detectable magnetic dot size of 200 nm. The ultrafast switching behavior was also confirmed using time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements and found to settle to its opposite magnetization state at faster rates for smaller dot diameters, passing a threshold of 75% magnetization reversal within approximately 2 ps for a 200 nm dot compared to approximately 40 ps for a 15 μm pattern. The size dependence of the ultrafast switching is explained in terms of the electron-phonon and spin-lattice interactions.
Breakdown of the law of rectilinear diameter and related surprises in the liquid-vapor coexistence in systems of patchy particles
Authors: Espinosa Jorge R. , Garaizar Adiran , Vega Carlos , Frenkel Daan , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana
Published: June 2019

The phase diagram of molecular or colloidal systems depends strongly on the range and angular dependence of the interactions between the constituent particles. For instance, it is well known that the critical density of particles with “patchy” interactions shifts to lower values as the number of patches is decreased [see Bianchi et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 168301 (2006)]. Here, we present simulations that show that the phase behavior of patchy particles is even more interesting than had been appreciated. In particular, we find that, upon cooling below the critical point, the width of the liquid-vapor coexistence region of a system of particles with tetrahedrally arranged patches first increases, then decreases, and finally increases again. In other words, this system exhibits a doubly re-entrant liquid-vapor transition. As a consequence, the system exhibits a very large deviation from the law of rectilinear diameter, which assumes that the critical density can be obtained by linear extrapolation of the averages of the densities of the coexisting liquid and vapor phases. We argue that the unusual behavior of this system has the same origin as the density maximum in liquid water and is not captured by the Wertheim theory. The Wertheim theory also cannot account for our observation that the phase diagram of particles with three patches depends strongly on the geometrical distribution of the patches and on the degree to which their position on the particle surface is rigidly constrained. However, the phase diagram is less sensitive to small angular spreads in the patch locations. We argue that the phase behavior reported in this paper should be observable in experiments on patchy colloids and may be relevant for the liquid-liquid equilibrium in solutions of properly functionalized dendrimers.
Finite-size effect of critical penetration of Pearl vortices in narrow superconducting flat rings
Authors: Kokubo N. , Okayasu S. , Nojima T.
Published: June 2019

We revisit the critical penetration of Pearl vortices in narrow superconducting flat rings cooled in magnetic fields. Scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy measurements showed how a magnetic field penetrates and vortices are trapped in flat rings made of amorphous MoGe thin films. Counting the number of trapped vortices for each image, we found that the vortices are completely excluded from the ring annulus when the applied field H is below a threshold field Hp: Above this field, the vortices increase linearly with the field. The obtained values of Hp depend on the annulus width wring and follow the relation μ0Hp=(1.9±0.1)Φ0/wring2 with the superconducting flux quantum Φ0. This relationship provides an insight into the effect of the net-current circulating in the annular region and also leads to a precise control to trap or eliminate vortices in flat rings.
Evaluation of health promotion capacity gains in a state-wide rural food literacy intervention
Authors: Palermo Claire , van Herwerden Louise , Maugeri Isabella , McKenzie-Lewis Fiona , Hughes Roger
Published: June 2019

Building capacity to enhance health promotion intervention effectiveness is a desirable, difficult to achieve and rarely evaluated aspect of practice. This study aims to describe an approach for evaluating capacity building embedded in a state-wide health promotion intervention that had a primary objective of enhancing food literacy and secondary objective of building health promotion capacity. The multi-strategy rural food literacy intervention centred on a group-based, hands-on learning workshop series. Logic modelling, theory of change and clarification of the explicit assumption of the intervention relating to food literacy and capacity building objectives were documented. The evaluation approach acknowledged the complexity of the intervention that utilised a food literacy program as a vessel to build relationships, enabling capacity-building strategies over time, and used multiple forms of data to measure organisational, community and individual capacity. The development of a shared mixed method program evaluation plan was achieved through co-design. One-hundred and twenty-two peer facilitators were trained across 81 communities and reported increases in self-efficacy for health promotion action. There was broad awareness and support for the program within the organisation. The majority (75%) of communities involved in the intervention implemented at least one health promotion activity, demonstrating some health promotion capacity gain.
Covariation in root traits of Leymus chinensis in response to grazing in steppe rangeland
Authors: Xiaoting Wei , Mengying Zhong , Yuehua Liu , Ruixin Wu , Xinqing Shao
Published: June 2019

Root traits are closely related to nutrient absorption and resource competition and can even influence plant recovery and community succession. Grazing can influence root traits directly through trampling and foraging, or indirectly by changing soil characteristics. In the present study, a grazing experiment that involved combinations of grazing season (from June to September) and intensity (rest, moderate and heavy) was conducted in steppe rangeland, Inner Mongolia, China to investigate how the root traits of Leymus chinensis respond to different grazing regimes in the case of aboveground miniaturisation after long-term overgrazing. Root traits such as root length, root surface area, specific root length, root tissue density, root links (unbranched parts of a root connecting either a tip and a branching point or two branching points) and root topological structure were scanned and analysed using Win-RHIZO image analysis software. The results showed that the size of L. chinensis plants was reduced in response to overgrazing, typically by a smaller plant height, total root length, root surface area, root volume, number of tips and number of links. However, root diameter and link length, branching angle and topological structure (herringbone or dichotomous) were unaffected by grazing. Most root traits showed strong correlations under moderate grazing intensity, but not under heavy grazing, indicating that grazing changed the relationships among root traits. Relationships between plant height and root traits (total root length and number of links) shifted from positive to negative as grazing intensity increased, and the trade-off between aboveground and belowground traits was an important adaptive strategy of L. chinensis under heavy grazing. Decreasing grazing intensity in the late grazing season could benefit plant recovery, and a rest in the early grazing season would mitigate root and shoot damage.
古藏文的系動詞
Authors: Shao Mingyuan
Published: June 2019

抽象

7–10 世紀的吐蕃古藏文中具有 yin 和 lags 兩個系動詞，同時兩者還語法化為表達時體功能的助動詞。語用上，前者用於統稱，後者用於敬稱。句法上，系動詞在肯定性的陳述句中並非強制性的，而是可選性的，但當處於否定句，以及含有對比焦點時，往往不可省略。lags 的敬語功能使其通常用於他稱的語境中，這種句法環境和語用功能使其逐步獲得了「敘實」的示證意義。在此基礎上，經由語用推理，yin 便獲得了「向自我」的示證意義。後世大多數藏語支語言系動詞所表達的示證系統即在此基礎上發展而來。yin和 lags 在句法上的非強制性特徵，在其他藏緬語中也有表現，可以作為分析古藏文此類句法現象的有力佐證。
Nominalization and relativization in Tujia
Authors: Man Lu , Weijer Jeroen van de , Liu Zhengguang
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of
nominalization and relativization in Tujia from a typological perspective. We
show that there are several nominalizers in Tujia, only two of which are
multifunctional: ɕi and ɲie. ɕi can function
as a nominalizer, a relativizer, a complementizer, a converbal clause marker or
a stance marker. ɲie can function as a genitive marker, a
nominalizer, a relative clause marker, a non-relative attributive marker or a
stance marker. Relative clauses in Tujia can be head internal and pre-nominal.
The head internal relative clauses are marked by ɕi, while the
pre-nominal relative clauses are marked by ɲie.1 We point out that ɲie
manifests typical genitive-relative-nominalization syncretism, whereas
ɕi manifests extended nominalization functions, both of
which are widely attested in other Tibeto-Burman languages. We argue that
ɕi originates from a general noun, of unknown etymology.
The nominalizer ɲie originates from a genitive marker. These
findings should prove useful to future typological or comparative research with
respect to nominalization in Tibeto-Burman languages.
Non-singular pronouns in Tibeto-Burman (Trans-Himalayan)
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: June 2019

This paper surveys the forms of dual and plural pronouns across the Tibeto-Burman languages, and offers a reconstruction of the non-singular pronouns, and a general account of how various branches and languages have diverged from this original system. We can certainly reconstruct two, perhaps three, person-number portmanteaus: #i1pl, or perhaps 1pl.inc, #ni2pl, and, less certainly, #ka1pl.exc. We also reconstruct #tsidualwhich combined with singular pronouns to make dual forms. This construction was the model on which most daughter languages have innovated an analytic system of person and number marking, with distinct person and dual and/or plural morphemes combining to make the morphologically complex but semantically transparent compositional forms found in the majority of languages.
Oxytocin promotes heat stress tolerance via insulin signals in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yasuda Kensuke , Sakamoto Kazuichi
Published: June 2019

Oxytocin, has various physiological functions that have been well studied and many that remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine new physiological functions of oxytocin using Caenorhabditis elegans. Oxytocin treatment promoted the restoration of movement after heat stress and enhanced the viability under heat stress. However, oxytocin had no effect on the life span and only little effect on the oxidative stress tolerance. In contrast, oxytocin treatment didn’t promote the restoration of movement or enhance the viability of deficient mutants of ntr-1/2, which is the gene encoding the oxytocin receptor. In addition, for mutants of daf-16, daf-2, tax-4, and some insulin-like peptides, the heat stress tolerance effect by oxytocin was canceled. Furthermore, oxytocin increased the expression levels of the DAF-16 target genes. Our results suggest that oxytocin treatment promoted the heat stress tolerance of C. elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway.
Basketball free‐throws performance depends on the integrity of binocular vision
Authors: Vera Jesús , Molina Ruben , Cárdenas David , Redondo Beatríz , Jiménez Raimundo
Published: June 2019

Background: The deterioration of the integrity of binocular vision has a detrimental effect on fine visuomotor skills, however, its impact on sports performance remains unknown. We tested the influence of four viewing conditions (binocular viewing, monocular viewing, binocular viewing with monocular blur, and binocular viewing with binocular blur) on basketball free‐throws performance.

Methods: Twenty‐three male basketball players (19.2 ± 3.4 years) performed 30 free‐throws in each viewing condition following a randomised order. Image degradation was induced by the use of Bangerter filters. Complementarily, perceived levels of task load and complexity, as well as visual function were assessed.

Results: We found a worse basketball free‐throws performance (percentage of successful shots) in the monocular viewing (∼8%) and binocular viewing with monocular blur (∼9%) in comparison to the condition of binocular viewing (corrected p‐values = 0.003 and 0.006; and ds = 0.838 and 0.771). The analyses of subjective ratings and visual function allowed us to confirm a successful experimental manipulation.

Conclusions: Basketball free‐throws performance is subject to the integrity of binocular vision, showing a worse accuracy when the sensory dominant eye was occluded or blurred in comparison to natural (binocular) viewing conditions. However, free‐throws performance remains stable when the visual acuity is binocularly degraded. Our findings reveal that an appropriate functioning of the binocular vision is needed for optimal sports performance, and highlight the importance of a comprehensive clinical assessment or management of binocular vision in sport contexts.
Additionality from Payments for Environmental Services with Technology Diffusion
Authors: Pates Nicholas J , Hendricks Nathan P
Published: June 2019

Because payments for environmental services (PES) often subsidize practices that offer latent private benefits, there are concerns that PES programs may provide little additional environmental benefits. Previous literature has framed the problem of non‐additionality as an adverse selection problem. We develop a model where moral hazard can also arise because some agents delay adoption due to the incentive of potentially receiving a payment in the future. Moral hazard arises when agents have expectations of potential future subsidies, the technology naturally diffuses without a policy, and a subsidy is only available if the agent has not previously adopted the technology. We develop a conceptual model to illustrate the moral hazard incentive and conduct numerical simulations to understand the impact of policy parameters on aggregate outcomes. Numerical simulations illustrate that moral hazard creates a non‐monotonic relationship between policy parameters—such as the subsidy and budget levels—and the net change in adoption induced by the program because some agents delay adoption. We also find that the cost‐effectiveness of the policy is smaller when the policy is introduced during periods of rapid technology adoption.
Reversal of Upward Trends in Mortality During the Great Recession by Employment Status at Baseline in a National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Regidor Enrique , Ronda Elena , Tapia Granados José A , Pulido José , de la Fuente Luis , Barrio Gregorio
Published: June 2019

Because of the healthy worker effect, mortality rates increased in individuals who were employed and those who were unemployed, and decreased in those economically inactive at baseline in reported studies. To determine if such trends continue during economic recessions, we analyzed mortality rates in Spain before and during the Great Recession in these subgroups. We included 21,933,351 individuals who were employed, unemployed, or inactive in November 2001 and aged 30–64 years in each calendar-year of follow-up (2002–2011). Annual age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated in each group. The annual percentage change in mortality rates adjusted for age and educational level in employed and unemployed persons were also calculated for 2002–2007 and 2008–2011. In employed and unemployed men, mortality rates increased until 2007 and then declined, whereas in employed and unemployed women, mortality rates increased and then stabilized during 2008–2011. The mortality rate among inactive men and women decreased throughout the follow-up. In the employed and the unemployed, the annual percentage change was reversed during 2008–2011 compared with 2002–2007 (−1.2 vs. 3.2 in employed men; −0.3 vs. 4.1 in employed women; −0.8 vs. 2.9 in unemployed men; and −0.6 vs. 1.3 in unemployed women). The upward trends in mortality rates among individuals who were employed or unemployed in 2001 were reversed during the Great Recession (2008–2011).
Emerson Attuning: Issues in Attachment and Intersubjectivity
Authors: Davis Theo
Published: June 2019

This essay reads Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essays in light of attachment theory, in particular the work of Daniel Stern. After providing an overview of attachment theory, it focuses on Stern’s argument that infants begin life in a relational state, gradually organizing a sense of embodied selfhood out of experiences of attuned interactions with other people. This image of subjectivity is presented as a corrective to the dominant conception of subjectivity in critical theory. The essay then uses Stern to argue that Emerson’s work elucidates an experience of early attachment trauma, driving a charged search for intersubjective contact and embodied presence in his work. This search informs Emerson’s response to the nineteenth-century logic of race: he understands race as a term for infinite connection at the level of biology, and responds to it with articulations of a different form of connection found at the level of the individual experience of the body within intersubjective relation. Subjectively oriented and embodied interdependency, visible in both Stern and Emerson, constitute a mode of interconnection crucially different from that which is the focus of actor-network-theory and critical work influenced by it.
GTShark: genotype compression in large projects
Authors: Deorowicz Sebastian , Danek Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

Nowadays large sequencing projects handle tens of thousands of individuals. The huge files summarizing the findings definitely require compression. We propose a tool able to compress large collections of genotypes almost 30% better than the best tool to date, i.e. squeezing human genotype to less than 62 KB. Moreover, it can also compress single samples in reference to the existing database achieving comparable results.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/refresh-bio/GTShark.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘No One Learned’: Interpreting a Drugs Crackdown Operation and its Consequences Through The ‘Lens’ of Social Harm
Authors: Mason Will
Published: June 2019

This article seeks to extend studies of social harm by detailing the ways that harm is interpreted, identified and reflected upon by social actors in a specific empirical context: a drugs crackdown operation in a northern English city. Using a longitudinal ethnographic approach, unique insights are reported both from the time that the operation took place and a point in time five years afterwards. The data offer rich accounts of the immediate, short- and longer-term impacts as interpreted by youth workers and a group of mostly Somali young people (aged 13–19). Social harm, it is argued, offers a useful ‘lens’ through which to critically explore the culpability of well-meaning state interventions in the (re)production of structural inequalities.
Opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels causes migraine attacks: a new target for the treatment of migraine
Authors: Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Hansen Jakob Møller , Guo Song , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud
Published: June 2019

Migraine is one of the most disabling and prevalent of all disorders. To improve understanding of migraine mechanisms and to suggest a new therapeutic target, we investigated whether opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) would cause migraine attacks. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 16 patients aged 18–49 years with one to five migraine attacks a month were randomly allocated to receive an infusion of 0.05 mg/min KATP channel opener levcromakalim and placebo on two different days (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03228355). The primary endpoints were the difference in incidence of migraine attacks, headaches and the difference in area under the curve (AUC) for headache intensity scores (0–12 h) and for middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (0–2 h) between levcromakalim and placebo. Between 24 May 2017 and 23 November 2017, 16 patients randomly received levcromakalim and placebo on two different days. Sixteen patients (100%) developed migraine attacks after levcromakalim compared with one patient (6%) after placebo (P = 0.0001); the difference of incidence is 94% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78–100%]. The incidence of headache over the 12 h observation period was higher but not significant after levcromakalim (n = 16) than after placebo (n = 7) (P = 0.016) (95% CI 16–71%). The AUC for headache intensity was significantly larger after levcromakalim compared to placebo (AUC0–12h, P < 0.0001). There was no change in mean middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity after levcromakalim compared to placebo (AUC0–2hP = 0.46). Opening of KATP channels caused migraine attacks in all patients. This suggests a crucial role of these channels in migraine pathophysiology and that KATP channel blockers could be potential targets for novel drugs for migraine.