bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Azacytidine on the Quality of Life of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treated in a Randomized Phase III Trial: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Authors: Kornblith Alice B. , Herndon James E. , Silverman Lewis R. , Demakos Erin P. , Odchimar-Reissig Rosalie , Holland James F. , Powell Bayard L. , DeCastro Carlos , Ellerton John , Larson Richard A. , Schiffer Charles A. , Holland Jimmie C.
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: The impact of azacytidine (Aza C) on the quality of life of 191 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome was assessed in a phase III Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial (9221).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-one patients (mean age, 67.5 years; 69% male) were randomized to receive either Aza C (75 mg/m2 subcutaneous for 7 days every 4 weeks) or supportive care, with supportive care patients crossing over to Aza C upon disease progression. Quality of life was assessed by centrally conducted telephone interviews at baseline and days 50, 106, and 182. Overall quality of life, psychological state, and social functioning were assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI).

RESULTS: Patients on the Aza C arm experienced significantly greater improvement in fatigue (EORTC, P = .001), dyspnea (EORTC, P = .0014), physical functioning (EORTC, P = .0002), positive affect (MHI, P = .0077), and psychological distress (MHI, P = .015) over the course of the study period than those in the supportive care arm. Particularly striking were improvements in fatigue and psychological state (MHI) in patients treated with Aza C compared with those receiving supportive care for patients who remained on study through at least day 106, corresponding to four cycles of Aza C. Significant differences between the two groups in quality of life were maintained even after controlling for the number of RBC transfusions.

CONCLUSION: Improved quality of life for patients treated with Aza C coupled with significantly greater treatment response and delayed time to transformation to acute myeloid leukemia or death compared with patients on supportive care (P < .001) establishes Aza C as an important treatment option for myelodysplastic syndrome.
High-Dose Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Relapsed Osteosarcoma: An Italian Sarcoma Group Study
Authors: Fagioli F. , Aglietta M. , Tienghi A. , Ferrari S. , Brach del Prever A. , Vassallo E. , Palmero A. , Biasin E. , Bacci G. , Picci P. , Madon E.
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To study the feasibility and activity of two courses of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in patients with osteosarcoma in metastatic relapse.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with high-grade osteosarcoma in metastatic relapse (multiple metastases or solitary metastasis at intervals of less than 30 months) were eligible for study. High-dose chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin and etoposide followed by stem-cell rescue. A second course was planned 4 to 6 weeks after the first. Surgery was performed before or after HDCT.

RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled onto the study. At the end of the treatment, 25 patients were in complete remission (CR), six were alive with disease progression, and one died of toxicity. At present, 14 patients are alive with a median survival time of 23 months from study entry: four are in first CR, three are in second CR, and one is in fourth CR. Six patients are alive with disease. Eighteen patients (56%) died: 17 of disease and one of toxicity. Transplantation-related mortality was 3.1%. The relapse or progression disease rate was 84.4%. The 3-year overall survival rate is 20% and the 3-year disease-free survival rate is 12%.

CONCLUSION: HDCT combined with surgery is feasible and can induce CR in a large portion of patients. Two points, however, need to be considered: only patients who are chemosensitive to induction treatment can obtain CR after HDCT, and the length of remission is short, because most patients relapse. Thus novel strategies are needed to maintain the remission status or to treat patients who do not respond to induction treatment.
Beyond Eyeball Tests: A Methodical Rebuttal to Fillon et al.'s Commentary
Authors: Adam‐Troian Jais , Bélanger Jocelyn
Published: November 2024

In our original study, “Consumed by Creed” (Adam‐Troian & Bélanger, 2024), we established significant and consistent associations between obsessive‐compulsive disorder symptom severity and radical intentions across four distinct U.S. population samples—Environmentalists, Republicans, Democrats, and Muslims—partially or fully mediated by obsessive passion. Fillon et al. (2024) challenged our findings, alleging methodological errors and an excessive degree of researcher flexibility, which they claim could lead to false‐positive results. In this response, we critically examine Fillon et al.'s commentary, arguing that it exemplifies flawed meta‐scientific critique. We demonstrate that their approach relies on a series of unsupported and misleading claims, including a misinterpretation of the literature, unjustified reliance on visual data inspection, speculative assumptions about religious influences on our findings, and a shifting of the burden of proof. Through rigorous re‐analyses, we reaffirm the robustness of our original results and address the unfounded allegations regarding our methodological practices. We also critique Fillon et al.'s approach, highlighting the necessity of domain‐specific expertize in meta‐scientific evaluations and cautioning against the risks of speculative and defamatory criticism in academic discourse. This exchange underscores the importance of maintaining rigorous standards in both original research and its critique, ensuring that scientific debate remains grounded in evidence rather than conjecture.
Infantile Krabbe disease (0–12 months), progression, and recommended endpoints for clinical trials
Authors: Greco Melissa R. , Lopez Mabel A. , Beltran‐Quintero Maria L. , Tuc Bengur Ecenur , Poe Michele D. , Escolar Maria L.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Krabbe disease is due to deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, resulting in progressive neurodegeneration due to demyelination. The purpose of this study is to document disease progression in the newly classified infantile‐onset (0–12 months). We evaluated the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and described meaningful clinical endpoints.

Methods

Patients with infantile Krabbe disease were prospectively evaluated between 2000 and 2022. All patients underwent comprehensive and standardized protocols. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used for analysis.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐seven children with infantile Krabbe disease were included (68 males and 69 females). Of the 137, 96 were not treated and 41 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Twenty‐three were asymptomatic and 18 symptomatic. Initial symptoms included irritability, developmental delay or loss of milestones, feeding difficulties, spasticity, and reflux with an average survival of 2.2. Abnormalities in nerve conduction studies, auditory brainstem responses, and brain MRIs were evident in both groups of patients. Age at transplantation and signs and symptoms determined functional outcomes. Symptomatic and asymptomatic transplanted patients showed an increase in galactocerebrosidase and a decrease in psychosine, but did not reach the normal range. The median survival for transplanted symptomatic patients was 5 years while asymptomatic was extended to 15.5 years.

Interpretation

Infantile Krabbe disease with onset before 12 months is rapidly progressive. Irreversible brain damage occurs unless timely HSCT is performed. HSCT does not prevent the progression of peripheral nerve disease. This study can be used to monitor patients and evaluate the effects of future therapies.
In Situ Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Rapid Li+ Transport Channels and Anchored Anion Sites for High‐Current‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Miao Xunzhi , Hong Jianhe , Huang Shuo , Huang Can , Liu Yushi , Liu Min , Zhang Quanquan , Jin Hongyun
Published: November 2024

In situ formed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have advantages in safety and adaptability to current high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, it is challenging for GPEs to achieve stable cycling at high current densities. A flexible framework is proposed for stable in situ GPE, by introducing ─CF3 groups to the polymer network to establish rapid Li+ transport channels, and incorporating secondary amine N─H groups to anchor anion. The obtained GPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 2.6 mS cm−1 and a high Li+ transference number of 0.67. The assembled Li||NCM811 cell demonstrates excellent rate performance, with a discharging capacity of 112.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 10C, and capacity retention of 87.6% after 260 cycles at 1C. Furthermore, the assembled graphite||NCM811 cell demonstrates excellent long‐term cycling stability with impressive capacity retention of 73.2% after 300 cycles 3C (1.8 mA cm−2). This work presents a promising approach to enhancing the cycling stability of GPEs for high‐voltage LIBs at high current density.
Surface‐Interface Engineering of Electrocatalysts for Two‐Electron Water Oxidation Reaction to Produce H2O2
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Xi , Wang Kun , Yang Lin , Wang Yi , Wang Xin , Song Shuqin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e− WOR) driven by renewable energy offers an attractive route to produce H2O2, while the corresponding electrocatalyst still requires further improvement for the activity, selectivity, and the resulting H2O2 yield. Surface‐interface engineering of electrocatalysts has great potential to advance 2e− WOR performance. This review provides a succinct yet comprehensive insight into the functional mechanisms of surface‐interfacial properties affecting 2e− WOR performance on electrocatalyst. The Gibbs free energy theoretical framework related to surface electronic structure and interfacial reactive kinetics mechanism related to electrolyte, electrode–electrolyte interface structure, and interfacial microenvironment properties are firstly discussed. Afterward, various surface‐interface engineering strategies toward high performance electrocatalysts including the regulation of surface electronic structure, the electrode–electrolyte interface structure, and the interfacial microenvironment have been overviewed. Rational manipulations of the above surface‐interfacial engineering strategies are critical to design highly efficient 2e− WOR electrocatalysts, leading to the development of the green H2O2 production.
Donor Substitution Engineering of Hemicyanine Nanoparticles to Reprogram the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Fn14‐Targeted BiTE for Glioblastoma Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Li Gaowei , Jiang Shichao , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Xiaoyin , Wu Kai , Liu Peng , Yang Mei , Zhou Ting , Xiao Jiamei , Xin Nini , Wu Xiaoyang , Chen Zhihong , Ding Jie , Wu Chengheng , Wei Dan , Sun Jing , Tong Aiping , Fan Hongsong , Zhou Liangxue
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant intracranial tumor with limited treatment options. Bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTEs) are being explored for GBM treatment, but their success is hindered by inadequate T cell infiltration and activation due to the acidic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Photothermal immunotherapy lyses tumors and activates immune responses, complementing BiTEs. This study innovatively employs a donor engineering strategy to develop hemicyanine dyes (Hcys) that emit from near‐infrared (NIR) I to NIR II. The Hcy with excellent properties is encapsulated in an amphiphilic micelle, forming a nano assembly with lactate oxidase (PLH1100). PLH1100 exhibits spectral absorption at 980 nm, a photothermal conversion efficiency of 58.7%, and capability for NIR‐II tumor imaging. Besides photothermal tumor ablation, PLH1100 regulates lactic acid metabolism and activates immunogenic cell death, improving the tumor microenvironment and promoting T cell infiltration and activation. Further studies demonstrate PLH1100 effectively kills human and murine GBM cells, inhibits orthotopic U87 tumor growth in BALB/c‐nu mice, and enhances the efficacy of Fn14‐targeted BiTE in orthotopic GL261 tumors in C57BL/6 mice, achieving a synergistic “1+1>2” therapeutic effect. Collectively, this work opens a new pathway for using Hcy‐based molecules combined with BiTE drugs for GBM therapy, with significant clinical potential.
PCN‐134(Fe)‐Gated Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor with Unique Dual‐Directional Signaling
Authors: Wang Zhen , Shi Xiao‐Mei , Hu Jin , Chen Feng‐Zao , Fan Gao‐Chao , Lin Peng , Zhao Wei‐Wei
Published: November 2024

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to exploring the unique characteristics of newly emerged organic photoelectrochemical transistors (OPECT) for biological application and neuromorphic engineering due to their effectiveness for light‐driven ionic regulation of channels interfaced with rich biochemical reactions. The observation of interesting signaling reversion is reported—the realization of dual‐directional signaling with enhanced signal resolution—enabled by porous coordination networks (PCN)‐134(Fe) in the presence of varying H2O2 concentrations, which is totally different from exiting unidirectional signaling in OPECT. The underlying mechanism of such behavior is attributed to the change in the polarity of the gate photocurrent and is explained from the perspective of potential distribution. The practical application of this device is then studied by detecting the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐induced secretion of H2O2 from three kinds of human breast cells. This study features the realization of dual‐directional signaling, which is expected to catalyze a new category of OPECT operation with unknown possibilities.
Enhanced Stability of N‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors Via Small‐Molecule Passivation
Authors: Baek Jisu , Oh Jong Gyu , Lee Kyumin , Kim Doyeon , Lee Dongwoon , Kim Sang Beom , Jang Jaeyoung
Published: November 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are of great interest owing to their potential applications in bioelectronics and neuromorphic systems. However, n‐type OECTs suffer from poor stability and facile degradation, mainly due to the oxygen reduction reactions in organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors during device operation. In this study, a small‐molecule passivation strategy is introduced to greatly improve the stability of poly(benzobisimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL)‐based n‐type OECTs. 6,6‐Phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is spin‐coated onto the BBL layer to form a smooth and hydrophobic passivation layer, which effectively inhibits the oxygen reduction reactions while enabling ion permeation in aqueous electrolytes. Consequently, the OECTs employing the PCBM/BBL bilayers with an optimized PCBM thickness exhibit significantly improved operational stability at various electrolyte conditions (0.1 m NaCl or NaOH) and over a wide gate‐voltage sweep range (from −0.7 to 0.7 V). Owing to the high electron mobility of PCBM, the carrier mobility and switching speed of the PCBM/BBL OECTs are also improved compared with those of the pristine BBL OECTs. This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of simple surface passivation in organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors and provides valuable insights for the design of high‐performance and stable OECTs for more specialized and advanced applications.
Electronic Coupling Between Perovskite Nanocrystal and Fullerene Modulates Hot Carrier Capture
Authors: Li Yusheng , Jiang Junke , Wang Dandan , Liu Dong , Yajima Shota , Li Hua , Fuchimoto Akihito , Li Hongshi , Shi Guozheng , Hayase Shuzi , Tao Shuxia , Shi Jiangjian , Meng Qingbo , Ding Chao , Shen Qing
Published: November 2024

The efficient harnessing of hot carriers holds transformative potential for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Halide perovskites, with their remarkably long carrier lifetimes exceeding 10 picoseconds, stand at the forefront of this research frontier. Yet, a fundamental paradox persists: why does efficient hot carrier capture remain elusive despite these extended lifetimes? Here, this conundrum is unraveled by constructing a donor–acceptor model system: perovskite nanocrystal and fullerene hybrids. It is demonstrated that the challenge lies not only in the carrier lifetime itself but in the nature of the coupling between donor and acceptor components. Remarkably, it is discovered that the formation of ground‐state complexes, with effective coupling across a wide energy range, not only overcomes the initially forbidden hot carrier capture within these hybrids but also dramatically enhances it, achieving a ≈76% hot carrier capture efficiency. This finding shifts the paradigm of hot carrier capture from extending carrier lifetimes to engineering donor–acceptor coupling, illuminating a path toward practical hot carrier applications.
Unraveling the Synergy of Au and Polar MgO(111) Surface in Photothermal Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Shen Tianyang , Hu Siyu , Sun Xiaoliang , Liu Guihao , Song Ziheng , Wu Zhaohui , Zheng Lirong , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: November 2024

Direct and selective catalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) into high‐carbon products is a great challenge in C1 chemistry. Herein, the successful fabrication of a series of Au clusters loaded on different MgO facets of (111), (110), and (100) is reported. This work demonstrates the Au‐loaded MgO(111) (denoted as Au/MgO(111)) shows the highest C2H6 yield of 12733.4 µmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 90.4%, which is 2.46 times higher than that of Au/MgO(110) (5171.4 µmol g−1 h−1) and 25.14 times higher than that of Au/MgO(100) (506.4 µmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, the high activity of Au/MgO(111) can be well maintained over 100 h. Detailed in situ experiments and theoretical calculation reveal such great performance can be attributed to 1) the strong electronic affinity of the surface oxygen species on polar MgO(111) and CH4with the lowest adsorption energy of −0.82 eV; 2) the Au/MgO(111) shows the lowest ΔERDS of 0.53 eV in the rate‐deterime step of OCM that comes in activating the second CH4 molecule; 3) the Au can act as a hole acceptor under light irradiation and adsorb *CH3 with a strong d‐σ hybridization, resulting in an increased C2H6 selectivity.
Foreign Body Immune Response to Zwitterionic and Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels Made with Mechanical Fragmentation
Authors: Asadikorayem Maryam , Weber Patrick , Surman František , Puiggalí‐Jou Anna , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: November 2024

Granular hydrogels have recently attracted the attention for diverse tissue engineering applications due to their versatility and modularity. Despite previous studies showing enhanced viability and metabolism of cells encapsulated in these hydrogels, the in vitro immune response and long‐term fibrotic response of these scaffolds have not been well characterized. Here, bulk and granular hydrogels are studied based on synthetic zwitterionic (ZI) and natural polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) made with mechanical fragmentation. In vitro, immunomodulatory studies show an increased stimulatory effect of HA granular hydrogels compared to bulk, while both bulk and granular ZI hydrogels do not induce an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous implantation in mice shows that both ZI and HA granular hydrogels resulted in less collagen capsule deposition around implants compared to bulk HA hydrogels 10 weeks after implantation. Moreover, the HA granular hydrogels are infiltrated by host cells, including macrophages and mature blood vessels, in a porosity‐dependent manner. However, a large number of cells, including multinucleated giant cells as well as blood vessels, surround bulk and granular ZI hydrogels and are not able to infiltrate. Overall, this study provides new insights on the long‐term stability and fibrotic response of granular hydrogels, paving the way for future studies and applications.
Engineering Injectable and Highly Interconnected Porous Silk Fibroin Microspheres for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Ding Ji , Cheng Zhaojun , Ma Yulong , Zhang Tongxing , Du Lilong , Jiang Xiaobing , Zhu Meifeng , Li Wen , Xu Baoshan
Published: November 2024

Injectable porous microspheres represent a promising therapeutic platform for cell delivery, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Yet, the engineering of silk fibroin microspheres with a highly interconnected porous structure remains an unsolved challenge. In this study, a simple and efficient method is developed that does not require the use of organic solvents to prepare silk fibroin microspheres with a predictable structure. Through extensive screening, the addition of glucose is found to direct the formation of a highly interconnected porous structure from the interior to the surface of silk fibroin microspheres. Compared to silk fibroin microspheres (SF microspheres) produced through a combination of electro‐spray, cryopreservation, and freeze drying, silk fibroin‐glucose microspheres (SF‐Glu microspheres) demonstrates enhanced capabilities in promoting cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Both SF‐Glu and SF microspheres exhibit the capacity to maintain the sustained release kinetics of the loaded model drug. Furthermore, SF‐Glu microspheres facilitate the recruitment of endogenous cells, capillary migration, and macrophage phenotype switch following subcutaneous injection in the rats. This study opens a new avenue for the construction of porous silk fibroin microspheres, which could lead to a broader range of applications in regenerative medicine.
Performance Prediction of High‐Entropy Perovskites La0.8Sr0.2MnxCoyFezO3 with Automated High‐Throughput Characterization of Combinatorial Libraries and Machine Learning
Authors: Bozal‐Ginesta Carlota , Sirvent Juande , Cordaro Giulio , Fearn Sarah , Pablo‐García Sergio , Chiabrera Francesco , Choi Changhyeok , Laa Lisa , Núñez Marc , Cavallaro Andrea , Buzi Fjorelo , Aguadero Ainara , Dezanneau Guilhem , Kilner John , Morata Alex , Baiutti Federico , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Tarancón Albert
Published: November 2024

Perovskite oxides form a large family of materials with applications across various fields, owing to their structural and chemical flexibility. Efficient exploration of this extensive compositional space is now achievable through automated high‐throughput experimentation combined with machine learning. In this study, we investigate the composition–structure–performance relationships of high‐entropy La0.8Sr0.2MnxCoyFezO3±𝞭 perovskite oxides (0 < x, y, z <1; x+y+z≈1) for application as oxygen electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells. Following the deposition of a continuous compositional map using thin‐film combinatorial pulsed laser deposition, compositional, structural, and performance properties are characterized using six different techniques with mapping capabilities. Random forests effectively model electrochemical performance, consistently identifying Fe‐rich oxides as optimal compounds with the lowest area‐specific resistance values for oxygen electrodes at 700 °C. Additionally, the models identify a statistical correlation between oxygen sublattice distortion—derived from spectral analysis of Raman‐active modes—and enhanced performance.
Ultrasound‐Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy and Controlled Drug Release in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Moon Sol , Park Yong Il , Kim Jungho , Kim Seung Il , Lee Ruda
Published: November 2024

Multifunctional drug delivery systems offer tremendous potential for improving antitumor efficacy, precise drug targeting, and controlled drug release in treating non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, the study develops a novel tumor‐targeting ultrasound‐responsive lipid nanoparticle (TUSL) platform capable of responding to external stimulation, enabling precise drug delivery with controlled release at the tumor site while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. The TUSL platform is designed to carry doxorubicin (DOX) and tetrandrine (TET), specifically for drug‐resistant NSCLC. The developed TUSL exhibits a nano sized spherical structure with a hydrodynamic size of 141.8 nm, accommodating anti‐cancer drugs with loading capacities of 3.8% and 6.2% for TET and DOX, respectively. TUSL is engineered to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) while demonstrating an ultrasound‐triggered drug release profile. Through the generation of CO2 bubbles upon ultrasound stimulation, the TUSL enhances DOX and TET internalization into tumor cells. In tumor‐bearing mice, TUSL administration demonstrates a superior tumor accumulation with minimal off‐target toxicity. The combined treatment with DOX and TET within TUSL exhibits synergistic effects, effectively inhibiting the growth of drug‐resistant NSCLC tumors. These findings highlight the efficacy of the EGFR‐targeted TUSL formulation in overcoming drug resistance and enhancing therapeutic outcomes in NSCLC.
Tunable Rectification in 2D Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets Molecular Heterojunctions
Authors: Huang Bing , Wang Xiaoyu , He Chaoguang , Zhang Yongkang , Qi Pan , Wang Ying , Li Tong , Fu Huixia , Wei Hui , Guo Cunlan
Published: November 2024

As functional electrical devices advance, new strategies for regulating electrical properties are essential for achieving diverse electrical performance. In this study, molecular heterojunction rectifiers are constructed by connecting porphyrinic 2D metal–organic framework (2D MOF) nanosheets and oligophenylene thiols self‐assembled monolayers (OPT SAMs) within metal electrodes. The rectification characteristics can be tuned by the molecular length of OPT and the coordinated metal atom in the center of 2D MOFs. Specifically, a rectification ratio of more than 1.67 orders of magnitude is achieved in the heterojunction composed of 2D Zn‐TCPP MOF nanosheet (TCCP, tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) and OPT3 SAM. Combining Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements and first‐principles calculations of the 2D MOF nanosheets, it elucidates that the rectification variations come from the adjustment of energy level alignment at OPT SAMs//2D MOF interface, leading to asymmetric charge transport with the voltage polarities. This strategy can be further extended to Cu‐MOF nanosheets, which also exhibit rectification behaviors when placed on OPT2 SAMs. This work provides a universal and flexible strategy for regulating the electrical behaviors of MOFs without the need for specific design and synthesis, paving the way for the development of MOF‐based functional electronic devices.
Electrostatic Shielding Engineering for Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: He Zhangxing , Pan Liang , Peng Ziyu , Liu Zhuoqun , Zhang Zhenying , Li Bin , Zhang Zekun , Wu Xianwen , Zhao Ningning , Dai Lei , Zhuang Zilong , Wang Ling , Zhang Qiaobao
Published: November 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising energy storage systems due to their low cost, excellent safety, and environmental friendliness. However, challenges like uncontrollable dendrite growth and side reactions during battery operation limit their commercialization. Addressing these issues requires regulating ion deposition behavior at the anode/electrolyte interface. The electrostatic shielding effect, which leverages the interplay between electric potential and ionic motion, provides a unique mechanism to inhibit zinc dendrites and side reactions effectively. Despite significant progress in understanding electrostatic shielding in AZIBs, a comprehensive summary of its effects is still lacking. This paper first reviews the primary challenges in AZIBs and then describes how the electrostatic shielding effect can optimize their performance. Existing strategies for achieving electrostatic shielding through anode structure optimization and electrolyte optimization‐are classified and analyzed. Finally, the review summarizes current electrostatic shielding strategies for stabilizing zinc anodes, identifies existing challenges, and discusses the future potential, and for this approach in AZIBs.
Electrospun Multiscale Structured Nanofibers for Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Kong Dehong , Guo Wei , Zhao Yong , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2024

Electrospun is a unique technique for the fabrication of multiscale structured nanofibers (MSNFs), which can be used as functional units for improving the performance of lithium‐based batteries. This review systematically examines how MSNFs, including core–shell, hollow porous, multichannel, wire‐in‐tube, tube‐in‐tube, and hierarchical nanofibers, effectively improve battery performance as components in lithium‐based batteries. The application of aforementioned MSNFs and their chemical modification contributes to the development of lithium‐based batteries with high energy density and enhanced safety when used as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Specifically, MSNFs are used to derive electrodes and electrolytes that improve electron/ion transfer rates, increase the utilization ratio of active materials, suppress dendrite growth, and mitigate volume expansion, enabling fast and stable electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. Additionally, MSNFs‐derived separators, which feature more ion transport channels, exceptional mechanical properties, and the capability to inhibit thermal runaway, are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospective pathways for electrospun technology in the application of lithium‐based batteries are reviewed.
Analog Implementation of a Spiking System for Performing Arithmetic Logic Operations on Mixed‐Signal Neuromorphic Processors
Authors: Ayuso‐Martinez Alvaro , Casanueva‐Morato Daniel , Dominguez‐Morales Juan P. , Indiveri Giacomo , Jimenez‐Fernandez Angel , Jimenez‐Moreno Gabriel
Published: November 2024

In recent years, physical limitations in the integration of transistors in computers have forced the search for low‐computational‐power alternatives in hardware design. Although doubts may arise regarding the limit of the relationship between performance and power consumption in computers, these disappear when considering the brain, which is one of the most efficient computing systems. In this way, bioinspired applications try to benefit from the low‐power consumption present in the biological nervous system. Previous work has shown the feasibility of implementing spiking neural networks that operate in a Boolean manner on digital platforms, such as SpiNNaker, using basic logic gates and a spiking memory, which suggests the potential for constructing a low‐power consumption spiking computer. This work takes a first step in the implementation of a spiking central processing unit by developing an arithmetic logic unit, which is an essential block for instruction execution, demonstrating its correct operation on Dynap‐SE1. The results confirm the feasibility of using this Boolean approach on this platform, despite certain limitations in the number of inputs and operating frequencies of the blocks, and pave the way for the construction of a spiking computer.
Identification and Characterization of Novel FSHR Copy Number Variations Causing Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Lokchine Anna , Bergougnoux Anne , Servant Nadège , Akloul Linda , Launay Erika , Mary Laura , Cluzeau Laurence , Philippe Mathieu , Domin‐Bernhard Mathilde , Duros Solène , Odent Sylvie , Tucker Elena , Paris Françoise , Belaud‐Rotureau Marc‐Antoine , Jaillard Sylvie
Published: November 2024

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a key pituitary gonadotropic hormone implicated in human fertility and is crucial for folliculogenesis and recruitment of new antral follicles. Variations in its receptor, FSHR, can lead to diverse reproductive phenotypes including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This study reports a novel case of FSHR‐related ovarian insufficiency in a patient with primary amenorrhea, subnormal AMH levels, and delayed puberty. Genetic exploration revealed two compound heterozygous intragenic deletions of FSHR. Specifically, the patient inherited a maternally derived deletion spanning exons 5–10 and a paternally derived deletion involving exons 3–6. Through chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), exome sequencing, long‐range PCR, and Sanger sequencing, we characterized the breakpoints and confirmed the compound heterozygous deletions. The findings reveal a complete loss of function of both FSHR alleles, contributing to the patient's POI phenotype. This case emphasizes the complexity of genotype–phenotype correlations in FSHR‐related disorders and the role of CNVs in POI phenotypes. Although these events are rare, our results advocate for the inclusion of CNV detection in the diagnostic workup of POI to ensure accurate diagnosis and better patient management.
α‐Nucleophilic Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Photocatalytically Generated α‐Carbonyl Carbocations
Authors: Zhang Chong‐Jin , Sun Yu , Gong Jie , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Fang , Chen Jin‐Xiang , Qu Jian‐Ping , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: November 2024

We report the photocatalytic oxidation of α‐carbonyl radicals of amides or esters to the corresponding α‐carbonyl carbocations through super photoreductant CBZ6 induced redox‐neutral photocatalysis. The α‐carbonyl radicals are formed by the β‐addition of alkyl radicals generated in situ by the photocatalytic fragmentation of N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters to the α,β‐unsaturated amides and esters. This method enables the α‐nucleophilic addition of hydroxyl or alkoxyl radicals to amides and esters without any prefunctionalization.
Near‐Unity Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Based on a Molecule/Nanocarbon Hybrid Catalyst
Authors: Ren Siyun , Han Junnan , Yang Zhengwei , Liang Jie , Feng Shijia , Zhang Xing , Xu Jun , Zhu Jia
Published: November 2024

Solar‐driven CO2‐to‐methanol conversion provides an intriguing route for both solar energy storage and CO2 mitigation. For scalable applications, near‐unity methanol selectivity is highly desirable to reduce the energy and cost endowed by low‐value byproducts and complex separation processes, but so far has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate a molecule/nanocarbon hybrid catalyst composed of carbon nanotube‐supported molecularly dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc/CNT), which synergistically integrates high photothermal conversion capability for affording an optimal reaction temperature with homogeneous and intrinsically‐efficient active sites, to achieve a catalytic activity of 2.4 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and selectivity of ~99 % in direct photothermal CO2 hydrogenation to methanol reaction. Both theoretical calculations and operando characterizations consistently confirm that the unique electronic structure of CoPc and appropriate reaction temperature cooperatively enable a thermodynamic favorable reaction pathway for highly selective methanol production. This work represents an important milestone towards the development of advanced photothermal catalysts for scalable and cost‐effective CO2 hydrogenation.
Progressive Fabrication of a Pt‐Based High‐Entropy‐Alloy Catalyst toward Highly Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Luo Jun , Li Xu , Ye Yongjie , Zhou Tao , Wu Wenlong , Li Hongliang , Yang Qing , Yan Han , Zeng Jie
Published: November 2024

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as burgeoning heterogeneous catalysts due to their vast material space, unique structure, and superior stability. However, the dominant trial‐and‐error approaches hamper the exploration of efficient catalysts, necessitating the development of rational design strategies. Here, we report a progressive approach to the design and fabrication of HEA catalysts guided by alloying effects toward propane dehydrogenation. Cu, Sn, Au, and Pd are selected and demonstrated to induce dilution, encapsulation, surface enrichment, and inhomogeneity effects on Pt. The fabricated HEA, PtCuSnAuPd/SiO2, exhibits excellent activity, selectivity, and stability. The propylene formation rates reach 256 and 390 molC3H6 gPt−1 h−1 at 550 and 600 °C, respectively. Systematic characterizations reveal that the random elemental mixing, structural stability, and high Pt exposure promote the exposure of abundant stable isolated Pt sites. This work comprehensively explores the rational design and fabrication of HEA catalysts from a unique perspective, offering opportunities for developing advanced catalysts.
Optimized Carbon Coupling for Enhanced Ethylene Production via a Unique Single‐Atom‐Substrate Synergy Mechanism within Photocatalytic Processes
Authors: Xing Hongbin , Xu Tingting , Meng Xin , Ju Qiang , Huo Hailing , Hu Ting , Huang Chengxi , Li Panpan , Kan Erjun , Li Ang
Published: November 2024

The utilization of solar‐driven technologies for the direct conversion of methanol (CH3OH) into two or multi‐carbon compounds through controlled carbon‐carbon (C−C) coupling is an appealing yet challenging objective. In this study, we successfully demonstrate the photocatalytic CH3OH coupling to ethylene (C2H4), a valuable chemical raw material, by employing a carbon nitride‐based catalyst. Specifically, we modify the layered polymer carbon nitride (PCN) photocatalyst through the incorporation of Au single atoms (Au1/PCN) using a chemical‐scissors method. The synergistic effect between the PCN substrate and the Au single atoms reduces the potential barrier associated with C−C coupling, thereby enhancing the efficiency of CH3OH reforming to C2H4. This investigation not only reveals a novel pathway for C2H4 production via CH3OH reforming but also provides fresh insights into the possibilities of C−C coupling.
Unexpected proteins involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism in Myxococcus xanthus DK1622
Authors: Izzat Selar , Abdullah Shahlaa M. , Sabir Mohammed N. , Wei Wen‐Ping , Ye Bang‐Ce , Rachid Shwan
Published: November 2024

Regulating secondary metabolite (SM) in Myxococcus xanthus bears the potential to influence the formation of important natural products with various biological activities. The authors of this study have previously found that the detectable levels of two proteins (4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase [HppD] and a Hsp90‐like protein  [HtpG]) are affected by ROK inactivation. As evidence, the current study was designed to elucidate the possible role of these two proteins in regulating the SMs’ biosynthesis in this bacterium. To begin with, inactivation of the corresponding genes was carried out, and two mutant strains (M. xanthus hppD− and htpG−) were constructed. Subsequently, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis for the metabolic extracts of the mutants revealed a significant reduction in the production of several SMs, like DKxanthene, myxalamide A, and myxochromide A, in comparison to the wild type. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays using purified ROK protein suggested a direct binding on the genes’ promoter region encoding the two proteins under study. It is therefore possible to conclude that hppD and htpG genes are implicated in the bacterium SMs’ biosynthetic regulatory cascade, which seems to be directly regulated by the ROK protein. The present study provides additional evidence to a previous investigation showing the pleiotropic regulatory role of ROK on the production of SMs in M. xanthus.
Spectroscopic Studies on Maillard Reactions of Peanut Ara h 2.01 With Respective Reducing Sugars and Their Impacts on Ara h 2.01 Allergenicity
Authors: He Minghao , Chen Qian , Wang Yuxin , Zhu Qianqian , Xu Hong
Published: November 2024

The effects of the Maillard reactions of peanut Ara h 2.01 with respective glucose and xylose on its conformation and allergenicity were investigated. Circular dichroism (CD) spectral studies showed that short‐term heating alone with reducing sugars did not change protein secondary structures, but after undergoing Maillard reactions, its secondary structures changed with some α‐helices being transformed into β‐sheets and random coils. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that as temperature increased, protein became loose and extended induced by the reducing sugars. Long heat treatment at higher temperature caused protein collapse with the extrusion of its internal water molecules, which was hindered partially by the reducing sugars that entered the protein in Maillard reaction. Resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra confirmed that more xylose molecules entered protein due to its stronger interaction with the protein after Maillard reactions. ELISA assays exhibited that heat treatment at 100°C led to some allergenic epitopes being embedded inside protein molecules due to protein collapse and that partial epitopes were covered by the reducing sugars after Maillard reaction, resulting in decreases in its allergenicity. Also, xylose reduced the allergenicity of protein more efficiently owing to the stronger interaction between them. All above experimental results were explained reasonably by bioinformatic analysis and molecular docking.
Disease Characteristics and Outcomes of 493 Young Myeloma Patients Treated With Modern Therapies: A Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database Study
Authors: Tanguay Mégane , Roy Jean , Su Jiandong , Gul Engin , Reece Donna , Venner Christopher P. , White Darrell , Chu Michael P. , Jimenez‐Zepada Victor H. , Song Kevin , Mccurdy Arleigh , Mian Hira , Sebag Michael , Bergstrom Debra , Stakiw Julie , Reiman Anthony , Kotb Rami , Aslam Muhammad , Kaedbey Rayan , Louzada Martha , LeBlanc Richard
Published: November 2024

Background

Young patients ≤ 50 years old with multiple myeloma (MM) account for about 10% of cases and are underrepresented in the literature.

Methods

We explored disease characteristics, treatments, and outcomes following modern therapies of young MM patients using the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) database. We included 493 patients ≤ 50 years old diagnosed with MM or plasma cell leukemia without concurrent amyloidosis or POEMS syndrome from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2022.

Results

The median age was 46 years old (range: 25.6–50). Most patients fell into the R‐ISS II category (72.7%), and 24.1% had high‐risk cytogenetics. The majority of patients (89.9%) received a proteasome inhibitor‐based first‐line treatment, 92.1% received a stem cell transplant, and 65.6% had maintenance therapy post–autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Median follow‐up from initial treatment to patients' last follow‐up was 48.5 (range: 0–155) months. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 45.0 months (95% CI: 40.2–50.0). Maintenance therapy post‐ASCT improved median PFS to 52.3 months (95% CI: 43.1–68.2), compared to 23.6 months (95% CI: 20.0–34.8) without maintenance [p < 0.001].

Conclusion

Although the overall survival has not yet been reached in this young population, our reported median PFS of only 45 months highlights the urgent need to develop innovative treatments to induce more profound and durable responses.
Protective Effect of Biochanin A on Gamma Radiation‐Induced Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, Apoptotic, and DNA Repairing Molecules in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Wei , Hu Tianpeng , Sun Momo , Wang Jin , Shen Jie , Ding Enci
Published: November 2024

Radiation therapy is indispensable in medical practice but often causes adverse effects on healthy tissues, necessitating the search for natural radioprotectors. This study investigates the protective effect of Biochanin A (BCA) against gamma radiation‐induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in Swiss albino mice. Gamma radiation, a potent ionizing source, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular biomolecules, including DNA. Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing ROS and preventing oxidative damage. Swiss albino mice were divided into control, BCA control (10 mg/kg body weight), radiation alone (7 Gy), and radiation+ BCA pretreatment groups. BCA, a natural isoflavone with known antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, was administered intraperitoneally before radiation exposure. After irradiation, lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzyme activities/level (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione), expression levels of DNA repair genes (P53, P21, GADD45α), apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3, ‐9 and Cytochrome‐C), and inflammatory marker (NF‐κB) were analyzed in small intestine tissue. Our findings indicate that gamma radiation significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels and altered antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating oxidative stress. However, BCA pretreatment mitigated these effects by bolstering antioxidant defences, reducing radiation‐induced oxidative damage. Additionally, BCA altered apoptotic markers, NF‐κB expression, promoting cell survival mechanisms. At the molecular level, BCA pretreatment upregulated key DNA repair genes (P53, P21, GADD45α), crucial for repairing radiation‐induced DNA damage and maintaining genomic stability. These results underscore BCA potential as a radioprotector, suggesting its efficacy in mitigating radiation‐induced oxidative stress and preserving cellular integrity. In conclusion, BCA demonstrates promising radioprotective properties by attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant defences, modulating apoptotic pathways, and promoting DNA repair mechanisms following gamma radiation exposure. Further research is necessary to elucidate its precise mechanisms of action and explore its potential therapeutic applications in radiation oncology and environmental radioprotection.
Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes of Drug‐Coated Balloon Following Directional Coronary Atherectomy for Bifurcated or Ostial Lesions in the DCA/DCB Registry
Authors: Kitani Shunsuke , Igarashi Yasumi , Tsuchikane Etsuo , Nakamura Shigeru , Koshida Ryoji , Habara Maoto , Tan Michinao , Shimoji Kenichiro , Takaya Tomofumi , Kijima Mikihiro
Published: November 2024

Background

The long‐term efficacy of drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for large bifurcation lesions, particularly those involving the left main trunk (LMT), remains unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of directional coronary atherectomy followed by DCB (DCA/DCB) for large bifurcation lesions.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study analyzed 129 cases from the DCA/DCB registry, with 80.4% involving LMT bifurcation lesions. Building on previously reported 12‐month outcomes, this study assessed long‐term results. The primary endpoint was clinically driven (CD) target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 36 months. Secondary endpoints included CD target vessel revascularization (TVR); CD target vessel failure (TVF); and adverse events, such as all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, target vessel acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the need for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), at 24 and 36 months.

Results

The mean follow‐up was 53.4 ± 23.9 months. The CD‐TLR rate was 5.0% at 24 months, and the primary endpoint was 5.9% at 36 months. CD‐TVR rates were 14.0% at 24 months and 15.0% at 36 months, while CD‐TVF rates were 14.9% at 24 months and 16.7% at 36 months. Adverse events included all‐cause mortality rates of 0.8% at 24 months and 1.8% at 36 months, and cardiac death rates of 0.8% at both 24 and 36 months. No target vessel AMI or CABG procedures were reported.

Conclusion

The consistently low CD‐TLR rate at 36 months supports the efficacy of the DCA/DCB strategy for large bifurcation lesions, including LMT, indicating its sustained effectiveness. These findings highlight the viability of this treatment approach.