bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The monsoon effect on energy and carbon exchange processes over a highland lake in the southwest of China
Authors: Du Qun , Liu Huizhi , Xu Lujun , Liu Yang , Wang Lei
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Erhai Lake is a subtropical highland shallow lake on the southeast
margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is influenced by both South Asian and East
Asian summer monsoons. Based on 4 years of continuous eddy covariance (EC)
data over Erhai Lake, the monsoon effect on water–atmosphere exchange
processes is investigated by comparing the energy and CO2 flux patterns and
their main drivers during pre-monsoon (March–April), monsoon (May–October)
and post-monsoon (November–December) periods. The results show that the
atmospheric properties display a large difference during the three different
periods. There is a negative difference between water surface and air
temperature (T) during the pre-monsoon period, while a positive T during
the post-monsoon period. The diurnal sensible heat flux
(Hs) is larger during
the post-monsoon period, while the latent heat flux (LE) is larger during the monsoon
period. The monthly average Hs and heat storage (Q) in the lake
remain negative during the pre-monsoon period and the early monsoon period, and
they become positive in the middle monsoon period, which indicates that the
lake absorbs heat at first and releases it subsequently. LE plays a
dominating role in the energy partitioning of the lake. The Bowen ratio is
higher during the post-monsoon period. The uptake of CO2 flux is
observed in the middle of the day during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The
ΔT is the main driver for Hs and the effect of ΔT
is increased as timescales are extended from half-hourly to monthly. The
wind speed has a weak effect on Hs but a strong effect on LE and
CO2 fluxes. Similar main drivers for Hs are found
during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, which is also found for
CO2 flux, indicating a large impact of the monsoon on the heat and
carbon exchange processes over Erhai Lake.
Constructing a data-driven receptor model for organic and inorganic aerosol – a synthesis analysis of eight mass spectrometric data sets from a boreal forest site
Authors: Äijälä Mikko , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Canonaco Francesco , Heikkinen Liine , Junninen Heikki , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Prévôt André S. H. , Ehn Mikael
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The interactions between organic and inorganic aerosol chemical components are integral to understanding and modelling climate and health-relevant aerosol physicochemical properties, such as volatility, hygroscopicity, light scattering and toxicity. This study presents a synthesis analysis for eight data sets, of non-refractory aerosol composition, measured at a boreal forest site. The measurements, performed with an aerosol mass spectrometer, cover in total around 9 months over the course of 3 years. In our statistical analysis, we use the complete organic and inorganic unit-resolution mass spectra, as opposed to the more common approach of only including the organic fraction. The analysis is based on iterative, combined use of (1) data reduction, (2) classification and (3) scaling tools, producing a data-driven chemical mass balance type of model capable of describing site-specific aerosol composition. The receptor model we constructed was able to explain 83 ± 8 % of variation in data, increased to 96 ± 3 % when signals from low signal-to-noise variables were not considered. The resulting interpretation of an extensive set of aerosol mass spectrometric data infers seven distinct aerosol chemical components for a rural boreal forest site: ammonium sulphate (35 % of mass), low and semi-volatile oxidised organic aerosols (27 and 12 %), biomass burning organic aerosol (11 %), a nitrate containing organic aerosol type (7 %), ammonium nitrate (5 %), and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (3 %). Some of the additionally observed, rare outlier aerosol types likely emerge due to surface ionisation effects, and likely represent amine compounds from an unknown source and alkaline metals from emissions of a nearby district heating plant. Compared to traditional, simplistic inorganics apportionment methods for aerosol mass spectrometer data, our statistics-based method provides an improved, more robust approach, yielding readily useful information for the modelling of submicron atmospheric aerosols physical and chemical properties. The results also shed light on the division between organic and inorganic aerosol types and dynamics of salt formation in aerosol. Equally importantly, the combined methodology exemplifies an iterative analysis, using consequent analysis steps by a combination of statistical methods. Such an approach offers new ways to home in on physicochemically sensible solutions with minimal need for a priori information or analyst interference. We therefore suggest that similar statistics-based approaches offer significant potential for un/semi supervised machine-learning applications in future analyses of aerosol mass spectrometric data.
Impacts of short-term mitigation measures on PM2.5 and radiative effects: a case study from a regional background site near Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Liu Suixin , Li Nan , Dai Wenting , Wu Yunfei , Tian Jie , Zhou Yaqing , Wang Meng , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Chen Yang , Zhang Renjian , Zhao Shuyu , Zhu Chongshu , Han Yongming , Tie Xuexi , Cao Junji
Published: October 2018

Abstract. An intensive measurement campaign was conducted in a regional background site near Beijing during the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NCCPC) to investigate the effectiveness of short-term mitigation measures on PM2.5 and aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). Average mass concentration of PM2.5 and its major chemical composition are decreased by 20.6–43.1 % during the NCCPC control period compared with the non-control period. When considering days with the stable meteorological conditions, larger reduction of PM2.5 is found compared with that for all days. Further, a positive matrix factorization receptor model shows that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 from traffic-related emissions, biomass burning, industry processes, and mineral dust are reduced by 38.5–77.8 % during the NCCPC control period compared with the non-control period. However, there is no significant difference in PM2.5 from coal burning between these two periods, and an increasing trend of PM2.5 mass from secondary inorganic aerosol is found during the NCCPC control period. Two pollution episodes were occurred subsequently after the NCCPC control period. One is dominated by secondary inorganic aerosol, and the WRF-Chem model shows that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region contributes 73.6 % of PM2.5 mass; the other is mainly caused by biomass burning, and the BTH region contributes 46.9 % of PM2.5 mass. Calculations based on a revised IMPROVE method show that organic matter (OM) is the largest contributor to the light extinction coefficient (bext) during the non-control period while NH4NO3 is the dominant contributor during the NCCPC control period. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model reveals that the average DRF values at the Earth's surface are −14.0 and −19.3 W m-2 during the NCCPC control and non-control periods, respectively, and the reduction ratios of DRF due to the decrease in PM2.5 components vary from 22.7–46.7 % during the NCCPC control period. Our study would further provide valuable information and dataset to help controlling the air pollution and alleviating the cooling effects of aerosols at the surface in Beijing.
Global Tropopause Altitudes in Radiosondes and Reanalyses
Authors: Xian Tao , Homeyer Cameron R.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Accurate depictions of the tropopause and its changes are important for studies such as stratosphere-troposphere exchange and climate change.Here, the fidelity of primary lapse-rate tropopause altitudes and double tropopause frequencies in four modern reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CFSR) is examined using global radiosonde observations. In addition, long-term trends (1981–2015) in these tropopause properties are diagnosed in both the reanalyses and radiosondes. It is found that ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and CFSR reproduce observed tropopause altitudes with little bias and error comparable to the model vertical resolution, while MERRA-2 tropopause altitudes are biased 500–600 m high. All reanalyses underestimate the double tropopause frequency (up to 30 % lower than observed), with the largest biases found in JRA-55 and the smallest in CFSR. The underestimates in double tropopause frequency are primarily attributed to the coarse vertical resolution of the reanalyses. Significant increasing trends in both tropopause altitude (40–120 m per decade) and double tropopause frequency (≥ 3 % per decade) were found in both the radiosonde observations and reanalyses over the 35-year analysis period. ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and MERRA-2 broadly reproduce the patterns and signs of observed significant trends, while CFSR is inconsistent with the remaining datasets. These trends were diagnosed in both the native Eulerian coordinate system of the reanalyses and in a relative latitude coordinate system where the tropopause break (the discontinuity in tropopause altitude between the tropics and extratropics) was used as the reference latitude in each hemisphere. The tropopause break-relative coordinate facilitates the evaluation of tropopause behavior within the tropical and extratropical reservoirs and revealed significant differences in trend estimates compared to the traditional Eulerian analysis. Notably, increasing tropopause altitude trends were found to be of greater magnitude in tropopause break-relative coordinates and increasing double tropopause frequency trends were found to occur primarily poleward of the tropopause break in each hemisphere.
Development and field testing of an online instrument for measuring the real-time oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter based on dithiothreitol assay
Authors: Puthussery Joseph V. , Zhang Chen , Verma Vishal
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We developed an online instrument for measuring the oxidative potential (OP)
of ambient particulate matter (PM) using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The
instrument uses a mist chamber (MC) to continuously collect the ambient
PM2.5 in water, and then determines its DTT activity using an automated syringe pump system. The instrument was
deployed at an urban site in the University of Illinois campus, and its field
performance was evaluated by comparing the results with the offline DTT
activity measurements of simultaneously collected PM-laden filters. The
online DTT activity measurements correlated well with the offline
measurements but were higher than both methanol (slope =1.08, R2=0.93) and Milli-Q water (slope =1.86, R2=0.86) extracts of the PM
filters, indicating a better efficiency of the MC for collecting the
water-insoluble fraction of PM. The hourly measurements of ambient PM2.5
OP were obtained by running the online instrument intermittently for 50 days
with minimal manual assistance. The daytime DTT activity levels were
generally higher than at night. However, a 4-fold increase in the hourly
averaged activity was observed on the night of 4 July (Independence Day
fireworks display). The diurnal profile of the hourly averaged OP during
weekdays showed a bimodal trend, with a sharp peak in the morning (around
07:00 LT), followed by a broader
afternoon peak which plateaus around 14:00 LT and starts subsiding at night
(around 19:00 LT). To investigate the association of the diurnal profile of DTT activity with
the emission sources at the site, we collected time-segregated composite PM
filter samples in four different time periods of the day (morning,
07:00–10:00 LT; afternoon, 10:00–15:00 LT; evening, 15:00–19:00 LT; and
night, 19:00–07:00 LT) and determined the diurnal variations in the redox
active components (i.e., water-soluble Cu, Fe, Mn, organic carbon, elemental
carbon, and water-soluble organic carbon). Based on this comparison, we
attributed the daytime OP of ambient PM2.5 to the vehicular (both
exhaust and non-exhaust) emissions and resuspended dust, whereas secondary
photochemical transformation of primary emissions appear to enhance the OP of
PM during the afternoon and evening period.
On the relative roles of dynamics and chemistry governing the abundance and diurnal variation of low latitude thermospheric nitric oxide
Authors: Siskind David E. , Jones Jr. McArthur , Drob Douglas P. , McCormack John P. , Hervig Mark E. , Marsh Daniel R. , Mlynczak Martin G. , Bailey Scott M. , Maute Astrid , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We use data from two NASA satellites, the Thermosphere Ionosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellites in conjunction with model simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) to elucidate the key dynamical and chemical factors governing the abundance and diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) at near solar minimum conditions and low latitudes. This analysis was enabled by the recent orbital precession of the AIM satellite which caused the solar occultation pattern measured by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) to migrate down to low and mid latitudes for specific periods of time. We use a month of NO data collected in January 2017 to compare with two versions of the TIME-GCM, one driven solely by climatological tides and analysis-derived planetary waves at the lower boundary and free running at all other altitudes, while the other is constrained by a high-altitude analysis from the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) up to the mesopause. We also compare SOFIE data with a NO climatology from the Nitric Oxide Empirical Model (NOEM). Both SOFIE and NOEM yield peak NO abundances of around 4 × 107 cm−3; however, the SOFIE profile peaks about 6–8 km lower than NOEM. We show that this difference is likely a local time effect; SOFIE being a dawn measurement and NOEM representing late morning/near noon. The constrained version of TIME-GCM exhibits a low altitude dawn peak while the model that is forced solely at the lower boundary and free running above does not. We attribute this difference due to a phase change in the semi-diurnal tide in the NAVGEM-constrained model causing descent of high NO mixing ratio air near dawn. This phase difference between the two models arises due to differences in the mesospheric zonal mean zonal winds. Regarding the absolute NO abundance, all versions of the TIME-GCM overestimate this. Tuning the model to yield calculated atomic oxygen in agreement with TIMED data helps, but is insufficient. Further, the TIME-GCM underestimates the electron density [e-] as compared with the International Reference Ionosphere empirical model. This suggests a potential conflict with the requirements of NO modeling and [e-] modeling since one solution typically used to increase model [e-] is to increase the solar soft X ray flux which would, in this case, worsen the NO model/data discrepancy.
Contextualizing time-series data: quantification of short-term regional variability in the San Pedro Channel using high-resolution in situ glider data
Authors: Teel Elizabeth N. , Liu Xiao , Seegers Bridget N. , Ragan Matthew A. , Haskell William Z. , Jones Burton H. , Levine Naomi M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Oceanic time series have been instrumental in providing an understanding of
biological, physical, and chemical dynamics in the oceans and how these
processes change over time. However, the extrapolation of these results to
larger oceanographic regions requires an understanding and characterization
of local versus regional drivers of variability. Here we use high-frequency
spatial and temporal glider data to quantify variability at the coastal San
Pedro Ocean Time-series (SPOT) site in the San Pedro Channel (SPC) and
provide insight into the underlying oceanographic dynamics for the site. The
dataset could be described by a combination of four water column profile
types that typified active upwelling, a surface bloom, warm-stratified
low-nutrient conditions, and a subsurface chlorophyll maximum. On weekly
timescales, the SPOT station was on average representative of 64 % of
profiles taken within the SPC. In general, shifts in water column profile
characteristics at SPOT were also observed across the entire channel. On
average, waters across the SPC were most similar to offshore profiles,
suggesting that SPOT time series data would be more impacted by regional
changes in circulation than local coastal events. These results indicate that
high-resolution in situ glider deployments can be used to quantify major
modes of variability and provide context for interpreting time series data,
allowing for broader application of these datasets and greater integration
into modeling efforts.
Eemian Greenland SMB strongly sensitive to model choice
Authors: Plach Andreas , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Le clec'h Sébastien , Born Andreas , Langebroek Petra M. , Guo Chuncheng , Imhof Michael , Stocker Thomas F.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Understanding the behavior of the Greenland ice sheet in a warmer climate,
and particularly its surface mass balance (SMB), is important for assessing
Greenland's potential contribution to future sea level rise. The Eemian
interglacial period, the most recent warmer-than-present period in Earth's
history approximately 125 000 years ago, provides an analogue for a warm
summer climate over Greenland. The Eemian is characterized by a positive
Northern Hemisphere summer insolation anomaly, which complicates Eemian SMB
calculations based on positive degree day estimates. In this study, we use
Eemian global and regional climate simulations in combination with three
types of SMB models – a simple positive degree day, an intermediate
complexity, and a full surface energy balance model – to evaluate the
importance of regional climate and model complexity for estimates of
Greenland's SMB. We find that all SMB
models perform well under the relatively cool pre-industrial and late Eemian.
For the relatively warm early Eemian, the differences between SMB models are
large, which is associated with whether insolation is included in the
respective models. For all simulated time slices, there is a systematic
difference between globally and regionally forced SMB models, due to the
different representation of the regional climate over Greenland. We conclude
that both the resolution of the simulated climate as well as the method used
to estimate the SMB are important for an accurate simulation of Greenland's
SMB. Whether model resolution or the SMB method is most important depends on
the climate state and in particular the prevailing insolation pattern. We
suggest that future Eemian climate model intercomparison studies should
include SMB estimates and a scheme to capture SMB uncertainties.
Vulnerability, resilience and adaptation of societies during major extreme storms during the Little Ice Age
Authors: Athimon Emmanuelle , Maanan Mohamed
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper reviews more than 19 691 French historical documents from 14
French archive centres. To assess data from historical documents, a method
has been applied that leads to a record of 101 extreme storms with damage,
including 38 coastal floods. Thus, the results show periods of increasing and
decreasing storm frequency. These periods are examined. Furthermore, coastal
hazards have forced societies to adapt and develop specific skills,
lifestyles and coping strategies. This paper analyses some responses of past
societies to these hazards. By doing so, useful ideas may be (re)discovered
by today's communities in order to enable us to adapt and develop resilience.
Similarly, a thorough knowledge of past meteorological hazards may allow our
societies to recreate a link with territory, particularly through the
(re)construction of an effective memory of these phenomena.
Dynamic hydrological discharge modelling for coupled climate model simulations of the last glacial cycle: the MPI-DynamicHD model version 3.0
Authors: Riddick Thomas , Brovkin Victor , Hagemann Stefan , Mikolajewicz Uwe
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The continually evolving large ice sheets present in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial cycle caused significant changes to river pathways both through directly blocking rivers and through glacial isostatic adjustment. Studies have shown these river pathway changes had a significant impact on the ocean circulation through changing the pattern of freshwater discharge into the oceans. A coupled Earth system model (ESM) simulation of the last glacial cycle thus requires a hydrological discharge model that uses a set of river pathways that evolve with Earth's changing orography while being able to reproduce the known present-day river network given the present-day orography. Here, we present a method for dynamically modelling river pathways that meets such requirements by applying predefined corrections to an evolving fine-scale orography (accounting for the changing ice sheets and isostatic rebound) each time the river directions are recalculated. The corrected orography thus produced is then used to create a set of fine-scale river pathways and these are then upscaled to a coarser scale on which an existing present-day hydrological discharge model within the JSBACH land surface model simulates the river flow. Tests show that this procedure reproduces the known present-day river network to a sufficient degree of accuracy and is able to simulate plausible paleo-river networks. It has also been shown this procedure can be run successfully multiple times as part of a transient coupled climate model simulation.
Development of an automatic delineation of cliff top and toe on very irregular planform coastlines (CliffMetrics v1.0)
Authors: Payo Andres , Jigena Antelo Bismarck , Hurst Martin , Palaseanu-Lovejoy Monica , Williams Chris , Jenkins Gareth , Lee Kathryn , Favis-Mortlock David , Barkwith Andrew , Ellis Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We describe a new algorithm that automatically delineates
the cliff top and toe of a cliffed coastline from a digital elevation model
(DEM). The algorithm builds upon existing methods but is specifically
designed to resolve very irregular planform coastlines with many bays and
capes, such as parts of the coastline of Great Britain. The algorithm
automatically and sequentially delineates and smooths shoreline vectors,
generates orthogonal transects and elevation profiles with a minimum spacing
equal to the DEM resolution, and extracts the position and elevation of the
cliff top and toe. Outputs include the non-smoothed raster and
smoothed vector coastlines, normals to the coastline (as vector shape files),
xyz profiles (as comma-separated-value, CSV, files), and the cliff top and toe (as
point shape files). The algorithm also automatically assesses the quality of
the profile and omits low-quality profiles (i.e. extraction of cliff top and
toe is not possible). The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared
with an existing method, which was not specifically designed for very
irregular coastlines, and to manually digitized boundaries by numerous
professionals. Also, we assess the reproducibility of the results using
different DEM resolutions (5, 10 and 50 m), different user-defined
parameter sets related to the degree of coastline smoothing, and the
threshold used to identify the cliff top and toe. The model output
sensitivity is found to be smaller than the manually digitized uncertainty. The code and
a manual are publicly available on a GitHub repository.
Rain erosivity map for Germany derived from contiguous radar rain data
Authors: Fischer Franziska K. , Winterrath Tanja , Auerswald Karl
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Erosive rainfall varies pronouncedly in time and space. Severe events are often restricted to a few square kilometers. Rain radar data with high spatio-temporal resolution enable this pattern of erosivity to be portrayed for the first time. We used radar data collected with a spatial resolution of 1 km2 for 452 503 km2 to derive a new erosivity map for Germany and to analyze the seasonal distribution of erosivity. Extraordinarily large filtering was necessary to extract the expected long-term regional pattern from the scattered pattern of events. Filtering included averaging 2001 to 2017 and smoothing in time and space. The pattern of the resulting map generally agreed well with the previous map based on regressions of rain gauge data (mainly from the 1960s to 1980s). The pattern was predominantly shaped by orography. However, the new map has more detail; it deviates in some regions where the regressions previously used were weak; most importantly, it shows that erosivity is about 66 % higher than in the map previously used. This increase in erosivity was confirmed by long-term data from rain gauge stations used for the previous map. The change was thus not caused by using a different methodology but by weather changes that may already be a dramatic result of climate change since the 1970s. Furthermore, the seasonal distribution of erosivity showed that more erosivity falls during the winter period when soil cover by plants is usually poor. For many crops higher erosion therefore also results from the change in seasonality. Predicted soil erosion in winter wheat is now about four times higher than in the 1970s due to the seasonal changes, combined with the increased erosivity. These topical erosivity data with high resolution will thus have definite consequences for agricultural advisory services, landscape planning and even political decisions.
Exploring seasonal and regional relationships between the Evaporative Stress Index and surface weather and soil moisture anomalies across the United States
Authors: Otkin Jason A. , Zhong Yafang , Lorenz David , Anderson Martha C. , Hain Christopher
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This study uses correlation analyses to explore relationships between the
satellite-derived Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) – which depicts
standardized anomalies in an actual to reference evapotranspiration (ET)
fraction – and various land and atmospheric variables that impact
ET. Correlations
between the ESI and forcing variable anomalies calculated over sub-seasonal
timescales were computed at weekly and monthly intervals during the growing
season. Overall, the results revealed that the ESI is most strongly
correlated to anomalies in soil moisture and 2 m dew point depression.
Correlations between the ESI and precipitation were also large across most of
the US; however, they were typically smaller than those associated with soil
moisture and vapor pressure deficit. In contrast, correlations were much
weaker for air temperature, wind speed, and radiation across most of the US,
with the exception of the south-central US where correlations were large for
all variables at some point during the growing season. Together, these
results indicate that changes in soil moisture and near-surface atmospheric
vapor pressure deficit are better predictors of the ESI than precipitation
and air temperature anomalies are by themselves. Large regional and seasonal
dependencies were also observed for each forcing variable. Each of the
regional and seasonal correlation patterns were similar for ESI anomalies
computed over 2-, 4-, and 8-week time periods; however, the maximum
correlations increased as the ESI anomalies were computed over longer time
periods and also shifted toward longer averaging periods for the forcing
variables.
Estudio de las Cladoniaceae de Georgia
Authors: Burgaz Ana Rosa , Ahti Teuvo , Inashvili Tsimi , Batsatsashvili Ketevan , Kupradze Inga
Published: October 2018

Como consecuencia de la revision, reidentificación y actualización de los 1306 ejemplares depositados en el herbario de Tbilisis (TBI), y las nuevas recolecciones efectuadas en el verano de 2015 en las montañas del Gran Caucaso de Georgia, se presenta una relación de cuarenta y tres especies del género Cladonia así como una clave de identificación. Cladonia acuminata, C. bacilliformis, C.  borealis, C. conista, C. cyanipes, C. cyathomorpha, C. cf. libifera, C. macrophyllodes, C. sulphurina, y C.  symphycarpa son nuevas citas para Georgia. Trece especies citadas con anterioridad no han podido ser confirmadas.
Uso de los líquenes como bioindicadores de la calidad del aire: estado de la Ciudad Universitaria (Madrid, España)
Authors: Fontecha Alberto , Burgaz Ana Rosa
Published: October 2018

El muestreo sobre forófitos del género Pinus de 11 parcelas en la Ciudad Universitaria y 3 parcelas control en el Monte del Pardo ponen de manifiesto los efectos de la contaminación en la Ciudad Universitaria. A pesar de que los índices relativos a diversidad y pureza atmosférica muestren la ausencia de pérdida de diversidad, su composición revela los marcados efectos de los incendios, la eutrofización y basificación de cortezas. La flora liquénica es relativamente homogénea, con abundancia en especies toxitolerantes y nitrófilas. Estos efectos se deben a la presencia de partículas en suspensión y dióxido de nitrógeno fundamentalmente. Aun así es posible afirmar que los valores de degradación son moderados por su situación privilegiada.
Los materiales de la Flora Gallecica de Pierre-André Pourret (1754-1818) conservados en el Real Colegio ‘Alfonso XII’ (El Escorial, Madrid)
Authors: González Bueno Antonio , Perea Domingo , Velayos Mauricio
Published: October 2018

Presentamos la localización de parte de los materiales gallegos enviados por Pierre-André Pourret a los ministros Urquijo y Ceballos, y que estos a su vez remitieron a Cavanilles. Son tres paquetes de plantas, que contienen 296 pliegos, que hemos hallado entre las colecciones conservadas en el Real Colegio ‘Alfonso XII’ (El Escorial, Madrid). Un buen número de pliegos contienen ejemplares con etiquetas manuscritas, con nombres que no llegaron a ser publicados por Pourret. Otros son especímenes de taxones descritos por Pourret o por otros autores basándose en materiales del abate.
Análisis de la traducción de las imágenes culturales en la literatura chinoamericana: "La esposa del Dios del Fuego", de Amy Tan
Authors: Chang Yunchi
Published: October 2018

Mediante el presente trabajo, analizaremos la traslación de las imágenes socioculturales chinas en la traducción de la segunda obra de la conocida autora chinoamericana Amy Tan, The kitchen God´s wife, examinando las técnicas de traducción de las imágenes culturales chinas, tanto de la versión china como de la versión española. Sirviéndonos del estudio de la obra original publicada en inglés y las dos traducciones, china y española, comparamos si en los dos textos traducidos pueden percibirse con claridad las imágenes culturales chinas que pretende transmitir la pluma de la autora. El resultado revela que los traductores emplean diferentes técnicas de traducción, pero es en la versión china donde se transmiten las imágenes culturales chinas con mayor nitidez y fidelidad.
La traducción de los elementos eróticos: la tortuga, más que una especie reptil en "Jin Ping Mei"
Authors: Chang Ya-hui
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estudiar la traducción de los elementos eróticos de la novela Jin Ping Mei (1617?), basándonos en el texto original chino y en sus dos traducciones al castellano. El trabajo parte del conjunto de análisis de la palabra eufemística gui (la tortuga) y su abanico de términos relacionados. A continuación, observamos las estrategias de traducción que aplican ambos traductores. Finalmente, las conclusiones nos permiten estudiar tanto las soluciones adoptadas para cada elemento erótico, como hacer una reflexión acerca de la traducción de la lectura erótica.
"Sheng-Ren", o el Santo en los textos taoístas Análisis de cuatro traducciones españolas de "Daode Jing"
Authors: Huang Yaohsin
Published: October 2018

figura del santo representa el ideal superior de la personalidad en el pensamiento chino antiguo, y es uno de los temas más importantes de Daode jing, el clásico texto del taoísmo filosófico. Sin embargo, Daode jing contiene alguna confusión de ideas porque se expresa a través de la paradoja y por la dificultad que implica leer dicho texto en traducciones españolas. Así pues, cotejar las traducciones de los textos referidos a la figura del santo nos ayuda a interpretar su vocabulario, mientras que la posibilidad de leer varias traducciones de los mismos capítulos nos permite desarrollar una explicación personal sobre el santo. Este trabajo intentará concentrarse en la pregunta “cómo llegar a ser santo” para desviarnos hacia significados más profundos a través del análisis de las versiones de cuatro traductores españoles.
Tratamiento de los referentes culturales en la versión española de "Una caña de pescar para el abuelo" de Gao Xingjian
Authors: Ku Menghsuan
Published: October 2018

Una caña de pescar para el abuelo es una antología de narraciones de Gao Xingjian que abarca fragmentos de historias que ocurren en China. Debido a que el autor vivió más de cuatro décadas en China, durante la época más dura de la Revolución Cultural, la antología adquiere aún más valor como muestra fidedigna de la cultura china. Aprovechando el aspecto cultural de dicha antología, en este trabajo pretendemos presentar no solo el contenido de Una caña de pescar para el abuelo; sino también lo que constituye el acto de escribir para Gao (concepto de escritura); así como las técnicas de traducción de los referentes culturales en la novela. También intentamos concretar las diversas posibilidades de estudio que nos ofrece la obra de Gao.
Effective uses of social media in public health and medicine: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Giustini Dean M , Ali Syed Mustafa , Fraser Matthew , Boulos Maged N Kamel
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Research examining the effective uses of social media (SM) in public health and medicine, especially in the form of systematic reviews (SRs), has grown considerably in the past decade. To our knowledge, no comprehensive synthesis of this literature has been conducted to date.Aims and methods: To conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews of the benefits and harms (“effects”) of SM tools and platforms (such as Twitter and Facebook) in public health and medicine. To perform a synthesis of this literature and create a ‘living systematic review’.Results: Forty-two (42) high-quality SRs were examined. Overall, evidence of SM’s effectiveness in public health and medicine was judged to be minimal. However, qualitative benefits for patients are seen in improved psychosocial support and psychological functioning. Health professionals benefited from better peer-to-peer communication and lifelong learning. Harms on all groups include the impact of SM on mental health, privacy, confidentiality and information reliability.Conclusions: A range of negatives and positives of SM in public health and medicine are seen in the SR literature but definitive conclusions cannot be made at this time. Clearly better research designs are needed to measure the effectiveness of social technologies. For ongoing updates, see the wiki “Effective uses of social media in health: a living systematic review of systematic reviews”. http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca/index.php/Effective_uses_of_social_media_in_healthcare:_a_living_systematic_review_of_reviews
Successful Public Health Information System Database Integration Projects: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roberts Matthew Wesley
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo explore the most important public health information system database integration project success factors, whether technological, organizational, project-specific, or external in nature.MethodsThis study involved a cross-case design.  Cases were identified through literal replication logic and screened through a survey and literature review.  Study participants were interviewed through hour-long sessions with a semi-structured guide.  Survey responses, interview transcripts and available documents were coded and analyzed deductively, with matrices developed to illustrate relationships. ResultsLeadership among the project’s participants is the most important integration project success factor.  Executive sponsors champion the initiative.  Informaticians facilitate communication and system requirement collection.  Program directors contribute substantive energy to the project and remove obstacles.  Other factors substantially contribute to project success.  Strong Financial Management and Support promotes project initiation.  Technological aspects impact the functionality of the final product.  Utilizing formal project management techniques, particularly the Agile software development methodology, contributes to successful project resolution by ensuring daily operational effectiveness.DiscussionThe principal finding illustrates project leadership transcending the role of the executive sponsor.  Other participants, notably informaticians and program directors, substantially contribute to the project’s success.  Additionally, the Agile software development methodology is emerging as a successful approach to project management for these and related projects. ConclusionInvesting in the leadership and project management skills of database integration project participants could improve the success of future projects.  State health department staff considering these projects should carefully select project participants and train them accordingly.
Food Trends and Popular Nutrition Advice Online – Implications for Public Health
Authors: Ramachandran Divya , Kite James , Vassallo Amy Jo , Chau Josephine Y , Partridge Stephanie R , Freeman Becky , Gill Timothy
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives: Consumers routinely seek health and nutrition-related information from online sources, including social media platforms. This study identified popular online nutrition content to examine the advice and assess alignment with the Australian Guideline to Healthy Eating (AGHE).Methods: We used Facebook page likes as an indicator of popularity to identify online nutrition and diet content.  Websites and blogs associated with pages that had more than 100,000 Australian likes on 7th September 2017 were included.  The dietary advice promoted was collected and compared with the AGHE. Results:  Nine Facebook pages met the inclusion criteria. The four most-liked pages were hosted by celebrities. Only two pages and their associated websites had advice consistent with AGHE recommendations. The concept of “real food” was a popular theme online. While most sources advocated increasing vegetable consumption and reducing processed food, other advice was not evidence-based and frequently conflicted with the AGHE.Discussion: Health information seekers are exposed to a variety of online dietary information and lifestyle advice. While few public health goals are promoted, there are many conflicts with AGHE. Public health organisations promoting AGHE on Facebook are few and not as popular.Conclusion:  Public health organisations need to be more engaged on popular internet platforms such as Facebook. The prevailing popular nutrition advice online may increase consumer confusion, scepticism and even avoidance of dietary advice. Proactive efforts are needed by public health organisations, in partnership social marketing experts, to create and share engaging and accurate nutrition content. Partnership with celebrities should be explored to improve reach and impact of evidence-based diet recommendations online.
The Effects of Mobile Phone Use in Clinical Practice in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital
Authors: Keney Gabriel , Achampong Emmanuel Kusi , Attah Snr. Nathaniel Ofori
Published: October 2018

Background: Information technology has become an inevitable, constitutive element of the healthcare institution as well as health education. This study investigates the effects of mobile phone use in clinical practice at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. The use of mobile phones to access health information by health professionals has the potential to improve the provision of health service to the population. In addition, primary care physicians can use mobile phones to communicate with their patients before and after they are discharged, thereby improving the health of individual patients and the population at large.Method: The study adopted the cross-section survey design and obtained data using questionnaire from 100 medical students (medical, nursing and midwifery students) through purposive sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi-square were used for the analysis.Results: The results show that 98% of the respondents owned smartphones, thus, they are receptive to and can confidently use their phones to access medical information (65%). It also emerged that, respondents can render effective and continuous service to clients (90%) with assistance from mobile medical apps. Respondents dispelled fears that it was unethical to always depend on mobile apps for medical information. However, there was no significant relationship between using mobile apps to access medical information and ensuring effective and continuous service to clients (p≤ 0.937).Conclusion: In spite of high patronage of mobile phone, respondents maintained that accessing mobile phones during medical practice does not interfere with the service delivery, rather it facilitates effective and continuous service, speed up access to healthcare information and helps to increase knowledge as well as improve care giving skills. Mobile phone use can ensure quick communication between health facilities and health professionals which can help control diseases of public health concern thereby improving the health of the population.Keywords: apps, smartphones, medical information, health professionals, medical practiceAbbreviations: Applications (Apps), Deloitte Global Center for Health Solutions (DGCFHS), Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), University of Cape Coast (UCC), Clinical Teaching Centre (CTC), College of Health and Allied Sciences (CoHAS)Correspondence: gabriel.keney@ucc.edu.gh*
A Causally Naïve and Rigid Population Model of Disease Occurrence Given Two Non-Independent Risk Factors
Authors: Dammann Olaf , Chui Kenneth , Blumer Anselm
Published: October 2018

We describe a computational population model with two risk factors and one outcome variable in which the prevalence (%) of all three variables, the association between each risk factor and the disease, as well as the association between the two risk factors is the input. We briefly describe three examples: retinopathy of prematurity, diabetes in Panama, and  smoking and obesity as risk factors for diabetes. We describe and discuss the simulation results in these three scenarios including how the published information is used as input and how changes in risk factor prevalence changes outcome prevalence.
Contradoutrina jurídica e usos do direito: entrevista com Liora Israël
Authors: Israël Liora , Fernandes Pádua
Published: October 2018

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Límites históricos del Ateísmo: increencia en la Grecia Antigua.
Authors: Soneira Martínez Ramón
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo presenta una discusión histórica en torno a los límites conceptuales e históricos del fenómeno irreligioso del ateísmo. Se busca presentar las líneas metodológicas del estudio del ateísmo y proyectarlas en el contexto histórico, cultural y religioso de la Grecia Antigua. Se analizarán las características formales de la religión griega para comprender la existencia de posiciones filosóficas que defendían una postura escéptica sobre los dioses. Se realizará una exposición de las fuentes históricas que nos han permitido analizar estas posturas ateas, desde el inicio de la filosofía con los autores presocráticos hasta el desarrollo de la obra de Platón, cubriendo así un amplio periodo histórico cargado de acontecimientos y complejidad cultural, entre ellos el fenómeno de la increencia.

This article presents a historical discussion about the conceptual and historical limits of the irreligious phenomenon of atheism. The main aim is to approach the methodological lines of the study of atheism and to project them in the historical, cultural and religious context of Ancient Greece. The formal characteristics of the Greek religion will be analysed to understand the existence of sceptical positions about the existence of the gods. The study of the different historical sources allows us to analyse these atheistic positions, from the beginning of the philosophy with the pre- socratic philosophers until the classical period with Plato. It is a huge historical period with complex cultural events like the phenomenon of disbelief.
Territories of Music
Authors: Nelson Peter
Published: October 2018

Music can be understood as a phenomenon that entwines sound and listening : sounds are not just there for the taking, they have to be identified – constructed even – in an interplay between the phenomenon of the sound and the phenomenon of the listening. This formulation goes to the heart of a contemporaryethos, which is an evening out of the hierarchies of the world in a way that places humans as no more than equal with other phenomena. Thus listening actually constitutes sound, in the sense that our activity of listening in the world negotiates a territory, where the negotiation has to deal with, rather than impose on the world. What are the territories of music? And in particular, what territories can only be negotiated through music?
La musique au défi de la phénoménologie de Charles Peirce (ou : y a-t-il une secondéité musicale?)
Authors: Chateau Dominique
Published: October 2018

La discussion sur la musique qui utilise la plus célèbre des triades peirciennes – icône, indice, symbole – achoppe, ce qui ne signifie nullement que la discussion soit close. On propose ici de la transporter sur un autre plan du système du sémioticien, celui quoffre la triade phénoménologique de la priméité, secondéité et tiercéité. Plus précisément, il s’agit de se demander si on peut parler de tiercéité en musique, c’est-à-dire de pensée. On la dit volontiers asémantique ; est-ce à dire qu’elle ne communique aucune pensée ?
Semiotic Niche Construction in Musical Meaning
Authors: Atã Pedro , Queiroz João
Published: October 2018

According to Peirce’s pragmatic semiotics, meaning (semiosis) is not an infused concept, but a power to engender interpretants. Semiosis is a triadic, context-sensitive (situated), interpreter-dependent (dialogic), materially extended (embodied and distributed) dynamic process. Although meaning is context-sensitive and materially extended, its locus is not well-captured by the notion of an environment. Inspired by biological concepts, we suggest the locus of meaning to be a niche. Here, we develop a semiotic account of musical meaning that emphasizes the location of musical signs in semiotic niches.
Biofiction à la première personne : La Rose dans le bus jaune d’Eugène Ébodé
Authors: Raynaud Claudine
Published: October 2018

La Rose dans le bus jaune (2013) d’Eugène Ébodé est une « biofiction » à la première personne qui met en scène Rosa Parks (1913-2007), figure légendaire du mouvement des droits civiques. En choisissant de raconter à la fois le quotidien de Rosa et la journée mythique du 1er décembre 1955 qui conduisit à son arrestation, le roman rejette au second plan des figures historiques comme Martin Luther King Jr et réécrit l’histoire américaine du point de vue des marges. Le genre de la biofiction permet une reconstitution des événements, mais prend certaines libertés avec les faits : Ébodé crée le personnage de Douglas White, métis qui se fait passer pour blanc, celui-là même auquel Rosa devrait céder sa place, et poursuit ainsi sa réflexion sur le métissage. Il explore également les correspondances entre les luttes d’indépendance africaines et le combat des Noirs américains pour l’égalité. Supplément aux écrits biographiques de Rosa Parks, La Rose est un roman traversé par le blues qui croise Afrique et Amérique.