bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
d Productivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Ihticum aestivum) cropping system as affected by its residue management - and fertility levels
Authors: S. D. DHIMAN  , D. P. NANDAL  , HARl OM
Published: December 2023

A field study on crop-residue management conducted from 1993 to 1997 on rice (Oryza sativa L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system at CCS HAU Rice Research Station, Kaul revealed that rice /grain yield was significantly superior with the incorporation of residues of both rice and wheat crops to their burning and removal. But in wheat the trend was reverse during the early years. During winter season (rabq 1993-94, grain yield of wheat was .found to be the lowest (35.8 qlha) on incorporation of residues of both the crops. Burning of residues gave highest grain yield (43.7 qlha), closely followed by their removal (42.8 qlha). However, this deleterious effect on grsln yield was recuperated in the subsequent years, thereby registering the highest grain yield of 49.2 qfha, with the incorporation of residues in fourth wheat crop (1996-97). The influence of burning (44.7 qlha) and removal (43.0 @ha) of residues on grain yield of wheat remained at the lowest level amongst the 7 treatments on residue management in rabi 1996-97. The average productivity of the system was the highest (1 14.6 qfhdyear) where the residues of both the crops were incorporated, which was 6.0 and 6.2 qlhdyear higher than from their burning and removal respectively. Higher fertility (1 50 + 60 + 25 kg N, P,05 and ZnS04/ ha) registered significantly higher grain yield than lower (100 + 40+25 kg N, P,O, and ZnSo4/ha). Organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil increased with the incorporation of cropresidues but decreased with their burning.
Weed characteristics, yield attributes and crop yield as influenced by integrated weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)-based intercropping system
Authors: G. MANICKAM  , R. DURAl  , P. GNgNAMLlRTHl
Published: December 2023

In field investigations during winter (rabi) seasons of 1992, 1994 and 1995 pre-sowing blanket application of glyphosate 8 1.0% recorded significantly maximum weed-control efficiency (57.45%) and weed-control index (68.9%) and increased the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) pod-equivalent yield by 21.8% over the control. lntercropping of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) in groundnut in 4:1 ratio gave 91.7% WCE and 57.6% WCI along with maximum groundnut pod-equivalent yield of 1,947.9 kglha. Weed population and dry- - matter production of weeds were effectively suppressed with pre-emergence application of metolachlor 8 1.0 kg a.i./ha coupled with 1 hand weeding on 30 DAS and resulted in maximum groundnut pod-equivalent yield of 2,161.8 kgiha compared with 945.7 kgtha of unweeded control.
Performance of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) varieties under different dates of sowing during winter season
Authors: A. K. PATRA  , B. C. NAYAK  , M. M. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season (pre-rabi sowing) of 1996 and 1997 at Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Regional Research Station, Chiplima, to study the response of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) varieties to date of sowing. Variety Nayagarh Local gave the maximum seed yield (978 kglha), followed by Sujata (937 kg/ha) and PDM 54 (878 kg/ha). Sowing on 10 September was the best date with seed yield of 969 - kgtha. A delay of 10 and 20 days in sowing reduced the seed yield by 14.2 and - 30.0% respectively. Most yield components varied significantly due to varieties but not due to dates of sowing. Incidence of yellow mosaic virus, cercospora leaf-spot and powdery mildew was the minimum in PDM 54 and in the crop sown on 10 September.
Developing stand establishment of rice ( O m in sativa) flood-prone lowland situations-an exploratory study under on-station and on-farm location
Authors: A. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted both under on-station location at the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, in 1996 and successively under on-farm location at farmers field in 1997. The locations were identified under rainfed lowland ecologies, characterized with aberrant micro-environment constraining the normal yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Generally, the ecology experiences a waterlogged situation during entire crop-growing period. Water depth fluctuated between 0 and 50 cm; thereby the situation could be ldentified - a2 intermediate deep water situation. The cropping geometry constitutlng 4 rows *- continuous seeding alternated with 1 row skip (no seeding) at 15 cm x 20 cm spacing arrangement under 4 : 1 stand situation achieved the maximum grain yield, 2.46 and 2.33 tonnesfha in 1996 and 1997, respectively, comparable with that devoid of any skip within the entire stand. Nonetheless it also ldentified a semi-dwarf plant type CR 260-77, superior to other plant types assessed under the identical situation. Therefore, the study has a great applied slgnificance ensuring considerable relief in operational expenditure over that incurred traditionally following conventional method of stand establishment; importantly, no significant reduction in grain yield was realized herein compared with conventional method.
Effect of nutrient management on rice(Oryza in sativa) rainfed lowland of southeast ~ a d h Pradesh ~ a
Authors: S.S. SENGAR  , L.J. WADE*  , S.S. BAGHEL  , R.K. SINGH  , G.  , SlNGH
Published: December 2023

In a 3-year field trial, efficiency of different fertilizers in rainfed lowlands was evaluated at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Jagdalpur (M.P.). - Application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the yield and N, P, K uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) over control and PK only. The higher grain and straw yields of rice were obtained in the treatment receiving YZ FYM + NP (2.58 and 4.90 t/ha), followed by NPK + FYM (2.49 and 5.71 t/ha), CR-N (35) PK (2.14 and 4.31 t/ha) and CR-NPK+Zn (2.13 and 4.68 t/ha). Agronomic efficiency was also higher in 1/2 FYM + NP treatment, followed by CR-N (3s) and CR-NPK + Zn. X Nut~ient water interaction helped buffer the adverse effect of moisture deficit for h sustaining rice yield during 1997. The application of manure alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers sustained/improved the soil-fertility status of the soil.
Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen on yield, oil content max) and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine
Authors: S.M. KUMAWAT  , L.L DHAKAR*  , P.L. MALIWAC
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 1993 and 1994 to study the effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen on yield and quality of soybean [Glycine m a (L.) Merr.]. The treatments comprised 5 irrigation regimes [irrigation at 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratio and crop growth stages along with control] in 1993 and 4 irrigation regimes (irrigation at 0.6, 0.8 IW : CPE and crop growth stages along with control) in 1994 and 4 nitrogen levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 kg Nlha). The seed, stover, oil and protein yields of soybean were significantly higher under 0.8 IW : CPE ratio. The maximum oil and protein contents in soybean seeds were recorded when the crop was irrigated at 0.8 IW : CPE ratio, while minimum in the control (rainfed). The N and P uptake in seed and stover and the total uptake were maximum under 0.8 IW : CPE ratio. However, the chlorophyll content of leaves was gradually decreased with increase in irrigation regimes. Application of nitrogen up to 60 kglha increased seed, stover, oil and protein yields of soybean. However, the oil content of seeds was maximum when the crop was fertilized with 20 kg Nlha, and it decreased at 60 kg Nka. Conversely the protein content of the seeds was increased with increasing levels of N up to 60 kg Nlha. The N and P uptake both by seed and stover and total uptake significantly increased with the increase in N up to 60 kglha. The chlorophyll content of leaves was found maximum at 80 kg Nlha when estimated at 60 days after sowing.
Effect of sowing and harvesting time on pulpable biomass yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)
Authors: T.C. SARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1997 and 1998 to find out ideal sowing and harvesting time on the pulpable biomass yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) at Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat. Crops sown in April matured in shortest duration (184 days), producing tallest kenaf plants (3.633 m) having largest basal diameter (2.250 cm) with maximum yield of pulpable dry biomass (16.8 tonnestha). Harvesting of kenaf at 180 days maturity yielded maximum biomass (16.3 tonnestha), recording highest mean increment (2.7 tonnestha). The vegetative growth ceased at the stage of flowering (180 days) attaining maximum yield of biomass, indicating appropriate stage for harvesting the crop.
Weed-population dynamics and fennel (Foeniculurn vulgare) growth as influenced by integrated weed management
Authors: G.R. CHAUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 1991 -92 to 1993-94 at S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner under semi-arid condition of Rajasthan. All the weed-control treatments except metolachlor @ 0.5 and 1.0 kglha significantly reduced the population of Chenopodium murale L. compared with unweeded control. Heliotropium ellipticum Ledebour was tolerant to oxyfluorfen @ 0.15 kglha, pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.15 kglha, pendimethalin @ 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha, pre-plant incorporation of fluchloralin Q 1.0 and 1.5 kglha, pre-plant incorporation of fluchloralin @ 0.75 and 1.25 kglha, . hand-weeding once (25 DAS) and twice (25 and 50 DAS, weed-free treatment and lower doses of herbicides supplemented with hand-weeding once (50 DAS) significantly reduced the total mean density (except at harvest with fluchloralin @ 0.15 kgtha) and loss in seed yield (except oxyfluorfen Q 0.15 kg/ ha and fluchloralin @ 0.75 kgtha). All the weed control measures significantly increased the plant height and crop biomass (except metolachlor @ 0.5 and 1.0 kglha) over unweeded control. Lower doses of herbicides except metolachlor supplemented with hand-weeding once, pendimethalin @ 1.5 kglha, hand- weeding once and twice and weed-free treatment significantly increased the harvest index compared with unweeded control. Maximum benefit : cost ratio of 3.35 was obtained under weed-free condition, followed by pendimethalin @ 1.0 kglha supplemented with hand-weeding once (2.75). Among the herbicidal treatments, metolachlor @ 0.5 and 1.0 kglha was least effective in reducing the weed density and loss ii seed yield.
Intercropping in linseed (Linum usitutissimum) with mustard (Brassica juncea) under rainfed condition of - Chhattisgarh region
Authors: G.P. PALI  , S.R. PATEL  , R.S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during the winter season of 1992-93 and 1993-94 on intercropping of mustard [Brassica juncea (t.) Czernj. & Cosson] in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under rainfed condition at Raipur. Intercropping of 1row of mustard cv. Vanma after every 5 rows of improved linseed varieties at 25 cm row spacing proved more advantageous over pure stands of either crop in respect of linseed equivalent, gross monetary returns, benefit :cost ratio and land-equivalent ratio. Linseed and mustard gave almost equal yields but the former was more economical.
Effect of varieties and weed-control practices on rice (Oryza sativa) productivity and weed growth
Authors: A.K. GOGOI  , D.J. RAJKHOWA  , R. KANDALI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 1995 and 1996 to evaluate the competitive ability of traditional and high-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and to find out suitable weed-control practices for transplanted rice. Akisali, a tall traditional variety, was found to reduce the weed dry-matter accumulation significantly compared with the other varieties tested. Different weed- control practices significantly reduced dry-matter accumulation of weed and increased the yield of rice over unweeded check in 1 out of 2 years of experimentation. Butachlor +2,4-D (1.0 kg/ha) in 60:40 proportion and Anilofos (0.4 kg/ha) were equally effective in controlling weeds and increasing the yield of rice.
Effect of cropping systems and fertilizers on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in pigeonpea-wheat sequence D. R. SHIVRAN , I.P.S. AHLAWAT
Authors: D. R. SHIVRAN  , L.P.s. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during 1997-98 and 1998-99 on sandy-loam soil analysing low in N and medium in available P, K and S. The growth and yield attributes, and yield of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in sole pigeonpea and pigeonpea intercropped with blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) did not differ significantly. A significant increase in growth and yield attributes, and yield of pigeonpea was noted with each increment of fertilizer dose up to 100% of recommended.dose. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol) following pigeonpea or blackgram ( stover incorporated) intercropping recorded markedly higher growth and yield attributes, and yield of wheat over wheat following sole pigeonpea and pigeonpea or blackgram (stover removed) intercropping. The residual effect of fertilizers applied to preceding crops on wheat was marked up to 75% of the recommended dose in 1998-99 only. The wheat crop responded favorably up to direct applicationof 75% of the recommended dose of fertilizers in respect of yield attributes and yield. The highest mean net return was obtained from pigeonpea or blackgram (stover incorporated-wheat cropping system, where rainy-season. crop and wheat were fertilized with 100 and 75% of the recommended dose of fertilizers respectively.
Effect of green-manure dhaincha (Sesbaniu aculeata) and phosphorus on growth, yield and phosphorus uptake by - wheat (niticum aestivum)
Authors: RAJA RAM SAH  , R.K. RAI  , P.K. MUKHERJEE
Published: December 2023

An experiment conducted during the winter season of 1994-95 and 1995-96 showed that phosphorus application to green-manure crop of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) improved the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) and P uptake. However, the yield attributes, dry-matter production and available N and P in soil were affected more conspicuously when P applied to green-manure crop at sowing than at burying and as a consequence, increased the grain yield. Green-manuring with 30 kg P205/ha at sowing followed by 60 kg P205/ha to wheat resulted in maximum net return of the sequence.
Effect of zinc on cane population and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum offcinarum) in calcareous soils
Authors: V.P. SlNGH  , U.K. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1994-95 to 1996-97 to study the effect of Zn on cane population and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in calcareous soil. The maximum final stalk number was produced by basal application of 10 kg Znlha. Its splitting could not bring marked effect. The highest cane yield was also owing to basal application of 10 kg Znlha but was at par yith that of its 2 or 3 splits during first 2 years where 1 split was given at the time of planting. Foliar spray did not improve cane yield in the first year, but 0.1% in the .- second year and 0.2% in the third year gave significantly higher yield than control. - Key words : Zn, Tillering, Calcareous soil, Sugarcane
Lime soaking of sugarcane (Saccharum species) setts under moisture-stress condition
Authors: G. KATHIRESAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Cane Farm, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, during 1993 and 1994 with CoC 671 and Co 6304 sugarcane (Saccharum sp.). The treatment combinations were with and without soaking of cane setts in 40h lime solution along with the irrigation intervals of 10,20, 30, 45 and 90 days, scheduled during 60-150 days of the crop age. Both the cultivars with lime soaking, significantly increased the germination percentage, tillers, millable cane number, cane and sugar yields. Interval of 10 days between irrigations registered higher cane and sugar yields of 93 and 12.6 tonnedha respectively.
Yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus) seed as affected by fertility levels and biofertilizers
Authors: A.S. PANWAR  , J.S. BALYAN  , V.S. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1995-96 and 1996-97 to study the effect of fertility levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) with or without biofertilizer treatments (uninoculated control, inoculation with Azotobacter, Azospirillum and both) on seed yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed. The increasing levels of nitrogen application significantly increased fhe seed yield and values of quality parameters up to 120 kglha. When nitrogen levels were integrated with biofertilizer, the results were perceptible and maximum values were obsetved with the combined inoculation of Azotobacter + Azospirillum at 120 kg N/ha.
Effect of introduction of Setaria sphacelatu and cutting management on productivity of a natural grassland
Authors: S.K. BORA  , K. THAKURIA
Published: December 2023

An experiment on the introduction of Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex Moss and cutting management was conducted in a natural grassland of Jothat during 1995 and 1996 under rainfed condition. On an average of 2 years, an introduction of Setaria sphacelata cv. Kazungula proved advantageous than the cv. Nandi from production and quality point of view. Cutting management significantly influenced forage production and crude protein yield. Three cut management proved superior to 1 and 2 cuttings in respect of forage yield, quality and distribution point of view. The residual available N and P contents in soil decreased with the increase in number of cuttings. G- Key words : Introduction, Cutting management, Productivity, Natural Grassland, Setaria sphacelata
Economic evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), based cropping systems in rainfed Alfisols
Authors: V. CHANDRIKA  , K. SANKARA REDDY  , M. S. SOUNDARARAJAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on red sandy loam soils during 1996 97 and 1997 98 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, to evaluate the yield and economics of different cropping systems in rainfed Alfisols. Significantly higher pod yield of groundnut (Arachis hypagaea L.) was obtained in single skip row with 100% population. Intercropping with pigeonpea or redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in 7:l ratio significantly reduced the groundnut pod yields. But higher net returns of Rs 14,070 and Rs 3,331 were obtained with groundnut redgram intercropping (7:1) in 1996 97 and 1997 98 in good and bad years respectively. Higher total yield advantage was also recorded with grcundnut redgram intercropping in 7:1 ratio. Groundnut redgram (7:1) intercropping proved to be more remunerative than other cropping systems in rainfed Alfisols.
Effect of integrated nutrient supply and management on yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and nitrogen and phosphorus recovery by it in acid lateritic solis
Authors: A. CHAKRABORTY  , P.K. CHAKRABORN  , P. BANIK  , D.K. B
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharit) seasons of 1996 and 1997 on rice (Olyza sativa L.) in acid lateritic soil of Sekhampore, Birbhum district, West Bengal. Highest green and dry matter of Sebania aculeata (SA) was obtained with the application of single superphosphate (SSP) 30 kg Plha as also the N and P content in dry matter. Grain and straw yields, N uptake and P recovery of rice were highest when S. aculeata was grown and incorporated followed by fertilizer application 39, 15 and 15 kg N,P, and Wha as basal dose r to rice. Uptake of P in rice and agronomic efficiency of N were maximum when S. aculeata was fertilized with single superphosphate 30 kg Plha and was incorporated prior to rice transplantation. The agronomic efficiency of P was higher with fertilizers applied 30, 15 and 15 kg N,P and Wha to rice after S. aculeata incorporation.
Weed population and biomass in direct seeded rice (Oryza as influenced by irrigation sativa)
Authors: R. BALASUBRAMANIAN  , J. KRISHNARAJAN
Published: December 2023

, The response of lowland weeds and rice (Oryza sativa L.) to various water management practices was determined at the wetland farms of Coimbatore, during the rainy and winter seasons (1 997 98 and 1998 99). Weed population and growth were generally higher during the rainy season than winter season. Variation in irrigation regimes brought about distinct changes in weed growth and establishment in rice fields. Irrigating 5 cm depth 1 day after disappearance of ponded water in transplanted rice recorded the lowest number of weeds, viz. grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds and the lowest dry weight of weeds. However, irrigating 5 cm depth 1 day after disappearance of ponded water in direct seeded rice and continuous submergence of 2.5 cm depth were at par with transplanted rice. Lower water regimes recorded the maximum weed population and biomass due to lack of flooding. Transplanted rice recorded more water use than the direct seeded rice. The highest grain yield was recorded with direct seeded rice during the rainy and by transplanted, rice during winter season. Benefit :cost ratio was more for the higher water regimes of direct seeded rice than transplanted rice as transplanted rice required more labour for raining nursery and for transplanting.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of wheat (%ticum aestivum)
Authors: AJlT S. NEHRA  , I.S. HOODA  , K.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1997 98 and 1998 99 on sandy loam soil of Misar, Haryana. The experiment consisting of 6 organic manures in main plots and 5 fertilizer levels in subplots was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. Application of organic manures irrespective of source and rate increased the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, effective tiller number, grainslear, grain and straw yields, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a , b and carotenoids) and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Frori Paol.) significantly over no organic manure during both years. Maximum values of all the attributes were observed with vermicompost at 15 tonneslha which was significantly superior to the rest of the organic manure treatments. Increasing dose of nitrogen improved all the above mentioned parameters of wheat. Maximum values were recorded with the recommended dose of 120 kg N 60 kg P,O, 60 kg Olha. However, nitrogen at 120 and 90 kglha Azotobacter were statistically at par with recommended dose of NPK. Inoculation of wheat seeds with Azotobacter chroococcum strain MT 56 also improved growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis of wheat during both the years.
Effect of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: S.C. SAXENA  , H.S. MANRAL  , A.S. CHANDEL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted on soybean [Glycine mat (L.) Merr.] during rainy season (kharif) of 1996 and 1997 to study the response of crop to inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. The plant height, number of trifoliateslplant, plant dry matter, leaf area index, physiological and other growth parameters and seed yield increased significantly by the use of 50 kg N 1 tonne neem cakelha. , Maximum seed yield was obtained with 25 kg N 5 tonnes FYMIha whic,h was on par with 25 kg N 1 tonne neem cake. Key words : Soybean, Inorganic, Organic nutrients, LAI, Growth and physiological parameters, Yield . . Symbiotically soybean fixes 1 25 150 kg MATERIALS , METHODS . . Nka (Chandel et al., 1989) and leaves about An experiment was at Crop , . . 30 40 kg Nka for succeeding crop (Sexena Research Centre of o v i d dBallabh Pant and Chandel, 1992). With the increasing University of Agriculture and Technology, degradation, cost of. chemical fertilizers, Pantnagar Udham Singh Nagar,, during .there is need to integrate them with organic rainy season (khariJ) 1996 and 1997 to sources which.are good,for the soil health the effect of organic and inorganic . besides supplying nutrients for longer period sources of nutrients on soybean ( p262 ). of time. l%erefore present study was planned. ? hesoil of experimental site was clay loam, to find out the response of soybean to well drained (pH 7:4), high in available varying levels of inorganic and organic phosphorus (61.6 kglha), available . . sources of nutrients, alone and their potassium (268.8 kglha) and medi.uni in . combinations, in respect of physiological organic carbon (0.66%). h experiment. k parameters growth, seed yield and its was laid out in randomized block design quality. . with 3 replications. The, crop was sown in . . Present address : Regional Station, NBPGR, Bhowali, Nainital263 132
Growth and yield of taramira (Eruca as affected by sativa) nitrogen and sulphur under dryland conditions
Authors: K.S. RANA  , D.S. RANA  , P. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A 2 year field experiment was conducted during 1997 99 at New Delhi, to study the effect of 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg Nlha) and 3 levels of sulphur (0,20 and 40 kg Slha) on the growth and yield of rocket salad or taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) under dryland conditions. An application of 60 kg Nlha resulted in the highest seed yield (22.12 qlha), being significantly higher than that of lower levels of N. Each higher level of nitrogen appreciably improved the growth and yield characters (plant height, primary brancheslplant, siliquaelplant and seed yieldlplant). The seed yield and yield attributes also increased significantly with 40 kg Slha compared with the control. Key words : Taramira, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Dryland, Seed yield.
Production potential of forage maize (Zea mays) with legumes under intercropping system
Authors: J.R. PATEL  , S. RAJAGOPAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the production potential and economic feasibility of maize (Zea mays L.) legumes intercropping systems. The highest green forage and dry matter yields as well as net returns were obtained when maize cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was sown in planting pattern of 5:2 and this planting pattern was statistically at par with 4:2 raw ratio during both the years. However, maize clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.] in 3:3 row proportion recorded the maximum land equivalent ratio over all other treatments. Key words: Forage, Maize, Legume, Intercropping, Return, Land equivalent ratio
Efficacy of cyhalofop butyl in controlling weeds in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: J.P. SAINI  , N.N. ANGIRAS  , C.M. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (Kharif) of 1994 and 1995 at Palampur, to find out the effective dose of cyhalofop butyl and surfaclant (PG 26 2) to control weeds in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cyhalofop butyl was applied 15 days after rice transplanting. Cyhalofop butyl 90 glha surfactant 0.3% being at par with cyhalofop butyl 90 glha surfactant 0.2%, cyhalofop butyl 75 ha surfactant 0.3, cyhalofop butyl 90 glha without surfactant and butachlor 1.5 kglha resulted in significantly lower dry matter accumulation of weeds compared with remaining treatments. Cyhalofop butyl 90 glha surfactant 0.3% resulted in significantly higher rice yield attributes and yield however, it was at par with cyhalofop butyl 90 g/ha surfactant 0.2% and butachlor 1.5 k ha at 5 days after transplanting during both years and also with cyhalofop butyl75 ha surfactant 0.3% during first year. Key words : Cyhalofop butyl, Surfactant 0.3%, Transplanted, Butachlor, Attributes, Tillers, Weedy check.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and sunflower (Heliunthus annuus) under two dates of sowing
Authors: GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted on comparative performance of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson] and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during the winter (rabi) season of 1995 96 and 1996 97 at New Delhi. lndian mustard outyielded sunflower. lndian mustard sown in the third week of October gave higher yields. Higher levels of irrigation and nitrogen did not bring significant improvement in the yields over lower levels. Key words : lndian mustard, Sunflower, Datesd sowing, Irrigation, Nitrogen
Effect of sowing dates and herb cutting management on growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)
Authors: B.S. GILL  , G.S. RANDHAWA  , S.S. SAlNl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1995 96 and 1997 98 to evaluate the performance of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) under different sowing dates and herb cutting management. Differences in seed yield due to different sowing dates were not significant. Fresh herb yield of earlier sowing dates (1 and 15 October) was significantly better than later sowing dates (30 October and 15 November). Gross returns and benefit : cost ratio were also higher in earlier sowing dates. Seed yield and yield attributing characters were significantly more in pure seed crop than all other herb cutting treatments. The herb cutting treatments had significant effect on fresh herb yield and each delay in removal of herb increased the fresh herb yield significantly.
Effect of post emergence herbicides on nutrient uptake by weeds and potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: R.S. BANGA  , SHALENDER KUMAR  , ASHOK YADAV  , R.K. MALlK
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabo seasons of 1995 96 and 1996 97 at Hisar, to study the effect of post emergence herbicides on nutrient uptake by weeds and crop in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The field was dominated mainly by broad leaf weeds like Chenopodiurn album L. (50%), Melilotus alba Desr. (35%) and Coronopus didymus (15%). All the weed control treatments significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds and N, P and K uptake by weeds compared with weedy check. Among herbicides, minimum nutrient uptake by weeds and maximum by crop was recorded in the plots treated with linuron metribuzin (2 : 1) at 1.00 kglha, and it also recorded highest tuber yield which was at par with weed free check. The maximum nutrient uptake by weeds and minimum by crop with lowest tuber yield was found in weedy check, followed by glufosinate.
Coating of prilled urea with neem (Azadirachta indica) for efficient nitrogen use in lowland transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) Y.S. SHIVAY, R. PRASAD, S. SlNGH , S.N. SHARMA
Authors: Y.S. SHIVAY  , R. PRASAD  , S. SINGH  , S.N. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1995 96 at New Delhi, to study the efficiency of modified forms of urea materials, viz. prilled urea (PU), neern cake coated urea (NCU), 0.5% of 10% neem oil emulsion coated urea and 0.5% of 20% neem oil emulsion coated urea at varying N rates (0, 60 and 120 kglha) on the productivity of lowland transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Each incremental N level recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes, grain and straw yields and also N uptake over its preceding level. However, apparent N recgvery decreased with increasing N levels. Neem cake coated urea and neem oil emulsion coated urea irrespective of the concentration improved rice growth, yield attributes and resulted in more grain and straw yields, N uptake and also higher apparent N recovery than did commercial prilled urea.
Effect of clipping and diammonium phosphate spray on growth and seed yield of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)
Authors: G. KATHIRESAN  , K. DURAISAMY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of diammonium phosphate spray and clipping of the terminal shoot of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata Pers.) plant during summer season of 1998 and 1999 under sodic soil (pH 8.9). The diammonium phosphate (DAP 2% spray enhanced the shoot length, shoot dry weight and branch numberslplant. Clipping either on 25 or 35 days after sowing significantly reduced the shoot length but improved the dry weight of the shoot by increasing the branch numberslplant. The diammonium phosphate spray registered higher seed yield of 18.3 and 18.2% than water spray and 62.6 and 59.0% than the control in 1998 and 1999 respectively. Clipping also improved the seed yield significantly.
Influence of crop geometry and nitrogen on seed yield and yield attributes of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata)
Authors: S.S. PUNIA  , SATYAVAN CHAHAR  , S.K. AGARWAL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1997 98, 1998 99 and 1999 2000 to study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on the seed yield and yield attributing characters of Ethiopian mustard [Brassica carinata (A) Braun]. Plant height and siliquaelplant were significantly higher when Ethiopian mustard was planted at a spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm, but seed yield was highest under 30 cm x 10 cm spacing with a population of 222, 222 plantslha. Significant response to nitrogen on seed yield, plant height and siliquaelp lant was observed at successive level up to 90 kglha. Oil content (%) decreased significantly with each successive increase in N dose up to 90 kglha.
Effect of nitrogen and potassium on growth parameters and rhizomatic characters of mango ginger (Curcuma amada)
Authors: SAKUNTALA BEHURA
Published: December 2023

Received : January 2001 A field experiment was conducted in 1996 97 and 1997 98 on a lateritic soil, to study the performance of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) at 4 levels of nitrogen (No, N,,, Nlo0 and N,,,) and 3 levels of potassium (KO, K,, and K,,,). Significant differences were observed on single mother rhizome, number of secondary finger rhizome, number of tertiary fingers, total mother rhizome, root weight, weight of root tubers and weight of total fingers owing to the application of nitrogen and potassium. Mango ginger recorded maximum rhizome yield (2,295 g), mother rhizome (616 g) and weight of total fingers (148.3 g) and highest plant height (62.3 cm). The application of nitrogen and potassium alone or combinedly increased the rhizome yield. Both nitrogen and potassium may be recommended Q 100 kglha for the better production of amada rhizome.
Integrated input management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: M.G. DUDHATRA  , M.N. VAGHANI  , N.A. KACHOT  , K.B. ASODARIA
Published: December 2023

eceived January 2002 A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 1990 91 to 1996 97 on medium black, calcareous soil (pH 7.8 to 8.0) at Junagadh (Gujarat). The effect of tillage practices on yield and yield attributes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) cropping system was found non significant. While treatment 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (12.5, 25, 0 N, P,K kgtha) with crop residue (1.5 tonnesltonnes FYM or green manure 5 tonnestha) along with 30% higher plant density resuited in higher pod and haulm yields of groundnut as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. Normal tillage in the rainy season and reduced tillage in the winter season with incorporation of various inputs enhanced the total uptake of nutrients (N, P and K). Integrated input management increased uptake by crop and soil status. After 6 years of cropping system, the net amount of N and P added to the soil ranged from 244 to 413 kgtha and 343 to 409 kglha respectively. While the depletion of K ranged from 123 to 323 kglha. The highest net returns were obtained under reduced tillage in winter and under higher input levels. The highest net returns Rs 31,3661ha with benefit : cost of 2.95 was obtained under reduced tillage. Higher net returns (Rs 31,219tha) with higher benefit : cost ratio were obtained under integrated nutrient management along with 30% higher plant density treatment.
Production potential and economics of floriculture based crop sequences in irrigated areas of Maharashtra
Authors: H.L. GHADGE  , A.S. MOKATE  , P.H. DESHMUKH  , V.S. PAWAR
Published: December 2023

Received : January 2002 An experiment was conducted on medium deep soil at Agricultural Research Station, Chas, during 1997 98 to 1999 2000, to find out the most economical floriculture based cropping systems under irrigated conditions of Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra). Selective crop sequences were evaluated and compared with the established crop sequence groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) in scarcity zone of Maharashtra. It was obse ed that out of 8 cropping systems, the chrysanthemum (April planted) winter season onion (Allium cepa L.) and rainy season marigold winter season gnion (rab ) cropping sequences were found to be the most remunerative and profitable. The monetary returns recorded by these sequenoes were Rs 134,677 and Rs 124,391lha and benefit : cost ratio was 5.18 and 5.21 respectively. Per day productivity was the maximum in marigold onion cropping sequence. Both the sequences showed more land use efficiency and production efficiency over the others.
Effect of fertility levels on promising hybrid maize (Zea mays) under rainfed conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: ANlL KUMAR  , K.S. THAKUR  , SANDEEP MANUJA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) 1998 2000 to find out the suitable maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid varieties and their fertility requirement under rainfed condition of Himachal Pradesh. Three hybrid varie ties ( KH 51 7 , KH 101 and PSCL 3436 ) with 1 check ( Early Composite ) were tested at 4 levels of fertility. Early Composite produced significantly taller plants compared to hybrids which were statistically at par with one another. Number of days taken for silking were the lowest in compsoite, followed by KH 101 . The yield attributes, viz. number of cobs, grainstcob and 1,000 grain weight, were significantly superior in maize hybrids to composite. All hybrids gave significantly higher yield (34.98 61.66%) over composite. Among hybrids, KH 517 gave the highest yield, being 7.78, 19.76 and 61.66% higher than PSCL 3436 , KH 101 and Early Composite respectively. Application of addi tional 50% NPK or 10 tonnes FYM in addition to recommended fertilizer increased the yield by 25.97 or 13.98% respectively. However, reducing ferti lizer by 50% NPK even witti 10 tonnes FYM, reduced the yield by 10.90%. Nutrient uptake followed the yield level trend and increased with higher fertility levels. There was depletion of NPK compared to initial status of soil with all varieties and at all fertility levels. The harvest index (48.2), net return (Rs 20,951tha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.03) were maximum from hybrid KH 517 , follohed by PSCL 3436 . Benefit : cost ratio was maximum with 150% recom mended fertilizer application (2.92), followed by recommended fertilizer 10 tonnes FYMtha.
Effect of nitrogen and row spacing on growth, yield and economics of niger (Guizotia abyssinica)
Authors: BHAGWAN SINGH  , A.L. RAJPUTI  , RAM ADHAR SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1998 and 1999 to study the effect of nitrogen and row spacing of niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.]. Application of 20 to 40 kg N/ha had significant favourable effect on plant height, brancheslplant, capitula/plant, test weight and biological yield. Niger seed yield increased significantly with increase in N level up to 40 kg Nlha, but stalk yield and harvest index showed significant increase only up to 20 kg Nlha. The maximum gross returns of Rs 6,771lha and net returns of Rs 3,408lha were obtained with the application of 40 kg Nlha which were 9.37 and 61.56% (gcoss returns) and 13.52 and 65.49% (nat returns) higher over 20 and 0 kg Nlha respectively. However, the maximum benefit : cost ratio(l.01) was realized with 40 kg Nlha. Closer row spacing of 15 cm increased significantly almost all the growth and yield attributes as well as seed yield and N uptake over wider row spacings of 30 and 45 cm. Row spacing of 15 cm gave maximum gross returns (Rs 6,462lha), net returns (Rs 3,447lha) and benefit :cost ratio (1.14). Key words : Niger, Guizotia abyssinica, Row spacing, Yield, Economics
Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin Hakkında Tutuklama Kararı
Authors: CANDAN Tolga , KAYACAN Derya Nur
Published: December 2023

Rusya’nın 24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde Ukrayna’nın güneyine başlattığı özel askeri harekât sonrasında uluslararası suçlardan doğan bireysel cezai sorumluluk tartışma konusu olmuştur. Ukrayna’nın 2014 ve 2015’te verdiği iki ayrı bildirgeyle Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin (UCM) yargı yetkisini kabul etmesi ile Ukrayna toprakları üzerinde işlenen savaş suçları, insanlığa karşı suçlar, soykırım suçu ve (özel düzenlemeler saklı olmak kaydıyla) saldırı suçunu işleyen kişilerin Mahkeme önünde yargılanmasına olanak sağlanmıştır. Ön inceleme ve soruşturma sürecinden sonra UCM 17 Mart 2023 tarihinde Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin ve Çocuk Hakları Komiseri Maria Lvova- Belova hakkında tutuklama kararı vermiştir. Tutuklama kararının içeriğinde Roma Statüsü kapsamında savaş suçu teşkil eden çocukların hukuka aykırı şekilde sınır dışı edilmesi ve işgal altındaki bölgelerden hukuka aykırı şekilde nakledilmesi suçları yer almaktadır. Uluslararası toplum tarafından olumlu karşılanan ve beklenmedik bir şekilde hızlı verilen tutuklama kararı beraberinde başka tartışmaları da gündeme getirmiştir. Bunlardan en önemlisi devlet başkanlarının yararlandığı ve yabancı devlet ülkelerinde tutuklanmalarına engel olan kişi ve yargı dokunulmazlıklarıdır. Roma Statüsü hiçbir resmi unvanın bireysel cezai sorumluluktan muafiyet sağlamayacağını açıkça belirtse de, uluslararası örf ve adet kuralı olarak kabul edilen devlet başkanlarının dokunulmazlığının tutuklama kararının uygulanmasına engel olacağından endişe edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası suçlardan doğan bireysel cezai sorumluluk ile devlet başkanlarının dokunulmazlığı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin’in tutuklanarak UCM önünde yargılanabilme ihtimali değerlendirilmiştir.
Perbandingan Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga) Dan Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Agustri Gunawan Ulfa , Abeiasa M Saka , Yansen Fatridha
Published: December 2023

Lengkuas(Alpinia galanga)merupakan salah satu tanaman biofarmaka. Lengkuas mengandung senyawa metebolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin yang memiliki daya hambat bakteri. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian di Indonesia, memiliki kandungan kurkumin yang cukup tinggi yang mampu menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) dan ekstrak kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian menggunakan eksperimen laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) menggunakan metode paper disc pada zona hambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua ekstrak mempunyai daya hambat yang signifikan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua ekstrak. Studi ini menyoroti potensi kedua ekstrak dalam meningkatkan sifat antibakteri bakteri.
The Impact of Trading Volume, Exchange Rate on Istanbul Index Price: Empirical Results Using ARDL Model
Authors: Ishaq Talahmeh
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship and the effect of the change in the trading volume and the exchange rate of the Turkish lira on the closing price of the Istanbul 100 Index. Therefore, weekly data were collected for the index, trade volume and exchange rate for the period 2016-2021.  After that, we run diagnostic test to ensure that our data fit the necessarily robust characteristics. Thus, we used the unit root test and conclude that the dependent variable is stationary after first difference and other variables are stationary at level and after first difference. Afterwards, we checked that the residuals are fitting our main condition where it should be serially uncorrelated with homogenous slope. The ARDL has been used to explore the short and long run relationship and interaction between variables. First, we reported the bound test results and the F-state showed to be significant at 1%, which is mean that our model has a long-run interaction with the dependent variable. Secondly, we run the long-run ARDL test to check the impact of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results showed that the exchange rate has statistically significant effect on the index price. The results showed that the exchange rate of the Turkish lira against the dollar negatively affected the price of the Istanbul Stock Exchange index. While, the trading volume was insignificant in the long-run. However, the results of short run cointegration is different. The current and lagged value of trading volume were significant. Finally, we tested the stability of our model. The results were different between CUSUM and CUSUMSQ. Where they CUSUM results came up to show the stability of coefficient in the model. Nevertheless, the CUSUMSQ showed that we have unexpected change in the structure
Bio-Based PLA Membranes for Ion Transport and Ion Filtration
Authors: Sriram M. , Kadhirnilavan Kadhirnilavan , Mohammed K. Ashick Naina , Anandhakumar S. , Mishra Anshuman , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: December 2023

Lithium-ion batteries require battery separators for both safety and electrochemical performance. Due to that, they have received a lot of attention. In order to prevent any electronic current from moving within the negative and positive electrodes and allow ions to flow through while avoidance of electric contact between them, a porous membrane used as a separator is positioned between the electrodes with opposing polarities. Accordingly, the objective of the present work is to build a biodegradable PLA based battery separator, which has exceptional thermal capabilities and can endure temperatures of up to 300°C. They also seem to serve as the least degree of barrier for the flow of an ionic current. In this study bio-polymer battery separator membranes were developed using PLA as matrix material and fillers such as Copper slag (CS) and Cardanol resin (CNSL). CS and CNSL were preferred for the reason to realize the concept of a wealth reclaimed from wastes that act as toughening and pore forming agent for PLA matrix. It is found that at PLA-CS film has more brittleness when compared to neat PLA and PLA-CNSL resin. On the other hand, PLA-CNSL films are the toughest ones. Overall, it has been demonstrated that obtaining more sustainable and high-performance is possible by the usage of such sustainable materials for futuristic developments.