bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Megafauna of the German exploration licence area for seafloor massive sulphides along the Central and South East Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean)
Authors: Gerdes Klaas , Kihara Terue , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Kuhn Thomas , Schwarz-Schampera Ulrich , Mah Christopher , Norenburg Jon , Linley Thomas , Shalaeva Kate , Macpherson Enrique , Gordon Dennis , Stöhr Sabine , Messing Charles , Bober Simon , Guggolz Theresa , Christodoulou Magdalini , Gebruk Andrey , Kremenetskaia Antonina , Kroh Andreas , Sanamyan Karen , Bolstad Kathrin , Hoffman Leon , Gooday Andrew , Molodtsova Tina
Published: September 2021

The growing interest in mineral resources of the deep sea, such as seafloor massive sulphide deposits, has led to an increasing number of exploration licences issued by the International Seabed Authority. In the Indian Ocean, four licence areas exist, resulting in an increasing number of new hydrothermal vent fields and the discovery of new species. Most studies focus on active venting areas including their ecology, but the non-vent megafauna of the Central Indian Ridge and South East Indian Ridge remains poorly known.

In the framework of the Indian Ocean Exploration project in the German license area for seafloor massive sulphides, baseline imagery and sampling surveys were conducted yearly during research expeditions from 2013 to 2018, using video sledges and Remotely Operated Vehicles.

This is the first report of an imagery collection of megafauna from the southern Central Indian- and South East Indian Ridge, reporting the taxonomic richness and their distribution. A total of 218 taxa were recorded and identified, based on imagery, with additional morphological and molecular confirmed identifications of 20 taxa from 89 sampled specimens. The compiled fauna catalogue is a synthesis of megafauna occurrences aiming at a consistent morphological identification of taxa and showing their regional distribution. The imagery data were collected during multiple research cruises in different exploration clusters of the German licence area, located 500 km north of the Rodriguez Triple Junction along the Central Indian Ridge and 500 km southeast of it along the Southeast Indian Ridge.
Four new species of Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) from Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Cabras Analyn , Medina Milton Norman
Published: September 2021

The genusMetapocyrtusHeller, 1912 is the most speciose and complex amongst the tribe Pachyrhynchini with seven subgenera and more than 200 described species. The genus is endemic to the Philippines and remains largely unknown particularly in the less explored areas or mountains.

Four new species ofMetapocyrtusHeller, 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), are described from Mindanao Island, Philippines. Brief bionomical notes and mimicry with their sympatric beetles and other insect counterparts are also reported.
The chiasmata systems of Scottish Chysolina latecincta (Demaison, 1896) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Petitpierre Eduard
Published: September 2021

The meiotic systems of some Scottish individuals of the rare Chrysolina latecincta ssp. intermedia (Franz, 1938) have been analyzed from meiotic cells at diakinesis to study the types of chromosomal bivalents and the number and locations of their chiasmata. The mean number of unichiasmate was about two-thirds and that of bichiasmate bivalents about one-third. Most chiasmata were at distal positions and there were no pairwise statistically significant differences in the mean number of chiasmata and those of unichiasmate and bichiasmate bivalents between the three surveyed geographic sources of these Scottish individuals. However, pairwise significant differences were found in the mean number of proximal + interstitial chiasmata between Loch Etive (Argyllshire) and both Orkney and Shetland Islands individuals. The presumed higher values of genetic recombination due to the proximal + interstitial chiasmata with regard to the prevailing distal ones, might provide a slight selective advantage to the insular individuals against the more extreme climates of both islands compared with the Loch Etive site.
Globally projective synchronization for Caputo fractional quaternion-valued neural networks with discrete and distributed delays
Authors: Wang Chen ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China, Zhang Hai , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Weiwei ,   Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to discussing the globally projective synchronization of Caputo fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks (FOQVNNs) with discrete and distributed delays. Without decomposing the FOQVNNs into several subsystems, by employing the Lyapunov direct method and inequality techniques, the algebraic criterion for the globally projective synchronization is derived. The effectiveness of the proposed result is illustrated by the MATLAB toolboxes and numerical simulation.
Les mots en crue : poésie et écologie dans le bassin versant du fleuve Sénégal
Authors: Lorin Marie
Published: September 2021

Lors d’une performance de pékâne, nom de la poésie des pêcheurs du fleuve Sénégal, l’écoulement de l’eau est un élément central. La crue, les maelströms, les courants sont à la fois des motifs rythmiques et poétiques, le signe d’une maîtrise de l’environnement fluvial mais aussi un mode de mise en relation entre humains et formes de vie habitant le fleuve. Cette poésie permet de comprendre comment pour ces populations, l’écoute est un mode de connaissance du fleuve.
Acoustémologie et empreinte sonore. Faire avec et faire par les sons. Être avec et être par les sons
Authors: Baltazar Marie , Legrain Laurent
Published: September 2021

Au xviiie siècle, un pasteur anglais déclame des vers de Virgile dans une vallée de sa paroisse et s’émerveille de la puissance de l’écho. En 2018, des chasseurs se réunissent sur le massif du Massacre dans le Jura pour se répartir des points d’écoute avant de s’en aller, seuls dans la nuit qui tombe, se baigner dans les sonorités du brame des cerfs. En 2014, un jeune homme gravit la montagne qui jouxte les quartiers les plus au sud d’Ulaanbaatar et se rend attentif à la sonorité délicate du frottement de tiges engoncées dans le givre printanier. Ces vignettes ethnographiques, très disparates, se font pourtant écho et cet article met l’accent sur cette correspondance : leur capacité à porter sur le devant de la scène descriptive une somme de petites opérations que subsume le verbe « écouter ». Dans le sillage de l’épistémologie acoustique et de l’attachement, les auteurs proposent de modéliser la notion d’« empreinte sonore » non pas en pensant l’empreinte comme la simple réactivation d’une sensibilité incorporée au préalable – bien qu’il soit difficile de nier totalement l’existence d’un tel processus – mais en ethnographiant tout le travail consenti pour « faire avec » et « être par » les sons.
Apprendre à écrire en vue de contextes professionnels : recherche anglophone Nord Américaine à partir de perspectives socio-culturelles
Authors: Russell David R.
Published: September 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la didactique de l’écrit universitaire en Amérique du Nord Anglophone (États-Unis et Canada) a profité de la recherche socio-culturelle concernant le rapport entre écrits professionnels et écrits dans les disciplinaires universitaires. L’Amérique du Nord a une tradition de recherche sur l’écriture dans des contextes professionnels, basée sur la théorie de genre en tant qu’action sociale. Les résultats de ces recherches montrent la complexité des relations entre l’écriture professionnelle et l’écriture des étudiants, à différents niveaux. Les positions socio-psychologiques des étudiants et des enseignants sont à la fois définies — et mises en tension — par les genres et les pratiques des professionnels, même si les étudiants et les enseignants ne sont pas conscients de cette influence. Et certains dispositifs ont été développés pour certains programmes d’études universitaires sur la base de cette recherche.
Témoignage. Écrire, trouver-créer, penser. Un moment de respiration trans-formatrice
Authors: Bréant Françoise
Published: September 2021

Venant de l’intérieur du récit, ma réflexion, à la fois clinique et critique, s’ancre dans l’analyse de l’expérience d’ateliers d’écriture proposés à des étudiants stagiaires en Licence Professionnelle de formateur et en formation des cadres de santé (I.F.C.S.). Il s’agit de montrer comment peuvent s’ouvrir des chemins d’imagination radicale singulière (Castoriadis, 1997) vers le plaisir de penser et vers l’autonomie réflexive du sujet. En prenant appui sur la notion de défonctionnalisation de l’objet (écrit), la réflexion porte sur la manière dont le processus de subjectivation se réalise dans l’écriture, en particulier lors des passages entre l’imaginaire nécessaire (illusion, rêve, fiction) et la fonction symbolique du langage (frustration, arrachement, deuil).L’atelier d’écriture, lieu de découverte, d’écoute, d’échange et de coopération, propice à l’accueil de l’incertitude et du doute, pourrait alors constituer un espace clinique de création (de soi, de la pensée, d’objets) dans lequel le travail du groupe peut mettre en œuvre ce que j’appellerais un imaginaire social transitionnel. Entre saveur et savoir (Barthes, 1977), ce travail de création, où la notion d’autorisation est centrale, prend du temps, mais ne serait-il pas l’essence même du processus de transformation ? Ne serait-il pas indispensable au développement d’une posture critique chez chaque sujet, lui permettant ainsi de subvertir la logique gestionnaire de rentabilité qui tend à s’imposer dans tous les secteurs des métiers de l’humain, et plus particulièrement en sciences de l’éducation ? Écrire, trouver-créer, penser, tel un mouvement pour ouvrir des brèches dans la clôture où la pensée tend toujours à s’enfermer à nouveau.
Accompagnement par les référents professionnels et professionnalisation des stagiaires en formation de moniteur éducateur
Authors: Vidal Nathalie
Published: September 2021

En quoi la formation en alternance, et plus particulièrement l’accompagnement réalisé en stage par les référents professionnels sont des éléments qualitatifs porteurs dans les processus de professionnalisation des stagiaires moniteurs éducateurs ? Basée sur le concept de représentation en psychologie sociale, l’étude présentée consiste en un croisement des points de vue des stagiaires et des référents professionnels. Les quatre entretiens menés auprès des référents ainsi que les quarante-deux questionnaires de stagiaires première année et les trante-sept questionnaires des stagiaires deuxième année sont analysés au moyen de deux logiciels de lexicométrie, ALCESTE et LEXICO. Les résultats mettent en avant la notion de « solidarité professionnalisée » et la nature d’« accompagnement au quotidien par une équipe pluridisciplinaire » de l’activité comme éléments saillants de ce qui se transmet de génération professionnelle en génération professionnelle.
Decentralized Energy Management System Enhancement for Smart Grid
Authors: Belaidi Hadjira , Rabiai Zakaria
Published: September 2021

In these last decades, electrical power grids become more intelligent. Hence, sophisticated software and hardware were introduced to the power grid, which makes it a smart grid. This chapter is an introduction on smart-grid technology; thus, microgrids are explained, and the use of multiagent system in centralized/decentralized energy management systems are discussed and compared. Smart agents are an emerging technology for decentralized computation and data storage. Hence, in this chapter, decentralized energy management system is created basing on multi-agent system technique where sources and loads are considered as separated agents each of them. After that, these sources and load create a microgrid and each microgrid can be considered as an agent. The work proposes an approach for load supplying optimization to decrease the microgrid cost and enhance its efficiency.
Design of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC
Authors: Huh Jun-Ho
Published: September 2021

In this design unit, a design to test the performances of varying models was developed for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. The design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been designed using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow test bed experiments in four layers among OSI 7 layers. This chapter is organized as follows: The Physical Layer and Datalink Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the Transport Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, Application Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section.
Coordinative Optimization Control of Microgrid Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Hu Changbin , Bi Lisong , Piao ZhengGuo , Wen ChunXue , Hou Lijun
Published: September 2021

This article describes how basing on the future behavior of microgrid system, forecasting renewable energy power generation, load and real-time electricity price, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed in this article to optimize microgrid operations, while meeting the time-varying requirements and operation constraints. Considering the problems of unit commitment, energy storage, economic dispatching, sale-purchase of electricity and load reduction schedule, the authors first model a microgrid system with a large number of constraints and variables to model the power generation technology and physical characteristics. Meanwhile the authors use a mixed logic dynamical framework to guarantee a reasonable behavior for grid interaction and storage and consider the influences of battery life and recession. Then for forecasting uncertainties in the microgrid, a feedback mechanism is introduced in MPC to solve the problem by using a receding horizon control. The objective of minimizing the operation costs is achieved by an MPC strategy for scheduling the behaviors of components in the microgrid. Finally, a comparative analysis has been carried out between the MPC and some traditional control methods. The MPC leads to a significant improvement in operating costs and on the computational burden. The economy and efficiency of the MPC are shown by the simulations.
Seamless Control and Unified Dynamic Energy Management in a Renewable/Clean Energy Integrated Self-Reliant DC Microgrid
Authors: Kumar Vulisi Narendra , Panda Gayadhar , Naidu Bonu Ramesh
Published: September 2021

The growing demand for electrical energy calls for the assimilation of renewable energy sources to the main utility grid. Multiple renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar PV array, wind turbine, micro-hydro plant, etc. can be combined and controlled to form a microgrid. In spite of the availability of different microgrid topologies, DC microgrid largely facilitates the injection of DC power from various renewable energy sources into the stabilised DC power pool. The requirement for a minimal number of conversion stages, simple structure, economic operation, and numerous localised applications are driving factors for the DC microgrid technology. The mettle of the DC microgrid technology lies in choosing the appropriate microgrid participants for energy interchange and the suitable supervisory control to tap power from the microgrid partakers even after respecting their operating constraints. The use of high gain DC-DC converters is inevitable in DC microgrid due to the low terminal voltage levels of different RESs.
Data and Communication Infrastructure in Smart Grids
Authors: Recioui Abdelmadjid , Grainat Youcef
Published: September 2021

The communication infrastructure constitutes the key element in smart grids. There have been great advances to enhance the way data is communicated among the different smart grid applications. The aim of this chapter is to present the data communication part of the smart grid with some pioneering developments in this topic. A succinct review of the state of art projects to improve the communication link is presented. An illustrative simulation using LABVIEW is included with a proposed idea of introducing some newly technologies involved in the current and future generations of wireless communication systems.
Requirements on Dimensions for a Maturity Model for Smart Grids Based on Two Case Studies
Authors: Flore Agnetha , Marx Goméz Jorge
Published: September 2021

This contribution describes two different types of requirements engineering analysis of the necessary dimensions of a possible maturity model for Smart Grids to be implemented for utilities. For the first case study, the requirements engineering for necessary dimensions for a Smart Grid maturity model was elicited using a systematic literature research. On the contrary a more agile approach is used for the second requirements engineering. For this more agile approach, interviews with energy suppliers were conducted, taking into account the analysis of the literature research. Various energy suppliers from Germany took part in the survey. The results were used to develop the basic framework for a maturity model for Smart Grids, which can still be tailored if necessary. Finally, future research activities for the application and further development of maturity models for Smart Grids in the energy industry are explained as well as the different procedural variants in the requirements analysis.
A Compressive Compilation of Cyber Security for Internet of Energy (IoE)
Authors: Arroyo-Figueroa Gustavo , Rojas-Gonzalez Isai , Hernández-Aguilar José Alberto
Published: September 2021

Internet of energy (IoE) is the natural evolution of Smart Grid incorporating the paradigm of internet of things (IoT). This complicated environment has a lot of threats and vulnerabilities, so the security challenges are very complex and specialized. This chapter contains a compilation of the main threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks that can occur in the IoE environment and the critical structure of the electrical grid. The objective is to show the best cybersecurity practices that can support maintaining a safe, reliable, and available electrical network complying with the requirements of availability, integrity, and confidentially of the information. The study includes review of countermeasures, standards, and specialized intrusion detection systems, as mechanisms to solve security problems in IoE. Better understanding of security challenges and solutions in the IoE can be the light on future research work for IoE security.
Reliability Assessment of Microgrid-Integrated Electrical Distribution System
Authors: Khan Baseem , Fanuel Mesfin
Published: September 2021

Due to the transition of traditional power system to smart structure, integration of renewable energy sources is of great importance. It is performed by using distributed generators and Micro grid. Integration of renewable sources is very useful for the reliability enhancement of distribution system as energy can be supplied locally at distributed level. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of various reliability methods which are utilized for finding the impact of renewable energy generation on distribution system reliability assessment. These renewable energy sources are integrated in the distribution system at distributed and Micro grid level. Various characteristics of renewable energy sources are discussed to model them. A general problem of reliability assessment in terms of reliability indices is also discussed.
Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies
Authors: Kadam Vrushali Gajanan , Tamane Sharvari Chandrashekhar , Solanki Vijender Kumar
Published: September 2021

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.
Economic Operation of Smart Micro-Grid
Authors: Khan Baseem , Singh Pawan
Published: September 2021

Presently, economic operation of micro-grid is a major concern in smart grid environment. This is a very complex problem, which can be solved with the help of various meta-heuristic techniques. Therefore, this chapter provides a comparative analysis of four different renowned meta-heuristic techniques with reference to the problem of optimal operation of micro-grid (MG). Genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evaluation (DE), and firefly (FF) algorithm are utilized for this purpose.
Smart Grid Topologies Paving the Way for an Urban Resilient Continuity Management
Authors: Ottenburger Sadeeb Simon , Münzberg Thomas , Strittmatter Misha
Published: September 2021

The generation and supply of electricity is currently about to undergo a fundamental transition that includes extensive development of smart grids. Smart grids are huge and complex networks consisting of a vast number of devices and entities which are connected with each other. This opens new variations of disruption scenarios which can increase the vulnerability of a power distribution network. However, the network topology of a smart grid has significant effects on urban resilience particularly referring to the adequate provision of infrastructures. Thus, topology massively codetermines the degree of urban resilience, i.e. different topologies enable different strategies of power distribution. Therefore, this article introduces a concept of criticality adapted to a power system relying on an advanced metering infrastructure. The authors propose a two-stage operationalization of this concept that refers to the design phase of a smart grid and its operation mode, targeting at an urban resilient power flow during power shortage.
Chinese Language Learning and Mobile Technologies
Authors: Chen Zenan
Published: September 2021

China's global influence has increased with its spectacular economic development. With the growing trade and cultural exchange between China and other countries, there is a rapid rising need for Chinese language learning. Although Chinese language is challenging to learn due to its different intonations, complicated shapes, and considerable significance, it still attracts more individuals, organizations, and companies. Advances in mobile technologies provide new opportunities for language learning anytime and anywhere. To meet the diverse demands of students of language learning, many scholars have studied Chinese mobile language learning and developed many mobile applications to improve language learners' skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing by leveraging the emerging mobile technologies. This chapter reviews earlier studies on mobile technologies employed in Chinese language learning and provides recommendations for future research.
Machine Translation in the Teaching and Learning of Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Guo Yue
Published: September 2021

Due to its rapid development and increasing availability, machine translation is now being used by an increasing number of teachers and students to facilitate their teaching and learning of second languages. This has provoked heated debate over the role of machine translation in second language education among L2 educators. This chapter sets out to provide an analytical overview of the existing body of research on this topic. It is revealed that the controversy and complexity regarding the use of MT for language education are two-fold. First of all, significant differences reside between L2 educators and L2 learners in their general attitudes to, perceived usefulness of, and actual uses of machine translation. Furthermore, among L2 teachers and L2 students respectively, the views, understandings, and uses of machine translation are also divergent.
Mobile Technologies in Learning the Chinese Language for Students of Non-Linguistic Courses
Authors: Galiautdinov Rinat
Published: September 2021

The methodological potential of mobile technologies in teaching Chinese language to students of non-linguistic areas of training is considered. The author defines the term “mobile learning,” offers a list of mobile technologies that can be used in teaching Chinese language, and develops a nomenclature of speech and language skills formed by students of non-linguistic training areas based on mobile technologies. The author demonstrated the advantages of using mobile phones in learning Chinese language as a second language. The areas of mobile language-based learning discussed in this research are vocabulary, listening, grammar, phonetics, and reading comprehension.
Mobile Experience in Teaching Chinese Pinyin
Authors: Li Qiannan
Published: September 2021

In New Zealand, for non-Chinese speaker learners aged 5-12, the Chinese courses provided by the Confucius Institute are usually based on the premise of increasing interest, with the main teaching goal of improving students' oral communication skills and increasing their understanding of Chinese and Asian culture. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve the quality of Chinese teaching by fully considering the students' cultural background and combining modern teaching techniques with traditional teaching content. Guided by N.S. Prabhu's task-based language teaching methods, this chapter uses a case study method to explore how to use the mobile applications and other multimedia technologies to improve the teaching effect of Chinese Pinyin in a New Zealand elementary school.
Modelling Mobile Experience in Chinese Language Learning
Authors: Shen Tingting
Published: September 2021

To model mobile experience is one of the three-step 3M approach proposed by Xu for mobile experience research. Equipped with the three-step 3M approach and based the factor-stage-dimension framework, this chapter proposes an innovative model to locate predictors of mobile experience in applying mobile technologies to Chinese language learning. By refining the factor-stage-dimension frame and the proposed innovative model, this chapter invites further global efforts to compare mobile learning experience in Chinese language learning for securing further discoveries of more effective and powerful ways to describe, explain, and predict mobile learning experience.
Voice Dispossession and Attributional Accommodation for Career Persistence
Authors: Stewart Tricia J. , Throne Robin , Evans Lesley Anne
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents the results of a systematic review to analyze the current research since 2019 for voice dispossession as attributional accommodation among women in higher education leadership. The authors sought to quantify and categorize these attributes to better identify the verbal and nonverbal accommodations made by women in higher education leadership to extend prior critical review of gender parity and equity for these leaders. Study findings may inform higher educational leadership to better understand voice dispossession among female leaders and the resulting attributional accommodations made to improve gender equity and parity for leadership roles in higher education.
The Inclusive Leader's Toolkit
Authors: Spranger Angela Nicole
Published: September 2021

This chapter provides basic definitions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and identifies skills and competencies necessary for the chief diversity officer (CDO) in higher education, post-2020. Specific concepts from research and industry provide strategies and tactics for the professional stepping into “the work.” This chapter enters the dialogue about DEI from the entry point of consulting as change manager with faculty experience. It proceeds from there to discuss the five terrains of inclusive excellence that offer a new foundation for equity of policy and practice in higher education. The terrains lead into an examination of intersectionality and the work of creating an intentionally diverse community. Decision quality and critical thinking and other competencies for inclusive excellence leadership, such as emotional intelligence and cultural competence, round out the dialogue with specific observations from and suggestions for research and practice.
Support Process Aligned With a Maintenance Management Model
Authors: Vittorangeli Armando Eugenio
Published: September 2021

Most companies focus their thinking on the production system's assets, those that generate profits, and rarely look to the periphery, to the enabling systems, those that carry out the effort in order that the production department can continue to do its job, those that provide the “support” to the system. What is “supportability”? It is not a widespread term; it is in fact associated to “maintenance logistics,” and this is only the simplest of its meanings, when in reality it crosses horizontally the whole organization, it is transversal to the MGM model, and it is present in all of the phases of assets and systems' life cycle. Throughout the chapter, different concepts will be developed to show how support is integrated into the proposed maintenance management model (MMM) at each stage of the asset life cycle and how it impacts their costs.
The Role of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in Power Distribution Network Interruption Reduction
Authors: Ramezani Saeed , Pirpiran Mehdi , Behmaneshfar Mohamad Reza
Published: September 2021

Responsibility and reliability are very important for electricity subscribers. Due to their extent, these networks face a variety of challenges, and most of them are recurring but can be prevented if the root causes are identified. One of the methods to identify the root of network problems is to use the RCA method in the analysis of blackouts. RCA is an approach that systematically investigates adverse events and, by gathering evidence and documentation, finds its root causes and offers solutions to address them. Finally, it monitors the implementation of solutions and evaluates their effectiveness. In this chapter, while introducing some of the challenges of medium voltage power supply networks, the root of the problems are extracted, and corrective solutions are presented in three sample problematic feeders. After extracting the solutions, they are divided into two categories: the first category is the solutions specific to the sample feeder, and the second category is the solutions that can be generalized to other parts of the power supply network.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Customer Loyalty in the Indian Retail Industry
Authors: Bedi Kirandeep , Bedi Monica , Singh Ramanjeet
Published: September 2021

Artificial intelligence has led to the automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial processes and practices. The use of artificial intelligence improves customer experience and it's a proven fact that consumers who enjoy their shopping experience end up making more purchases. Retailing is one of the sectors that has seen drastic changes after the inception of artificial intelligence. This transformation can be seen in the supermarkets like Amazon Go store, Alibaba Hema store, IKEA, and many others. The objective of this chapter is to study the impact of artificial intelligence on Indian retail customers. Primary survey was conducted for the study and it was found that retail organizations emphasizing store design/layout and adoption of technological innovation to ease the consumer buying process were more successful in creating loyal customers for their stores. It can be concluded that India is still lacking in the adoption of IT systems in the retail sector and serious efforts are required in this direction.
Gamification of E-Learning in African Universities
Authors: Mustafa Abdulsalam Salihu , Alkawsi Gamal Abdulnaser , Ofosu-Ampong Kingsley , Vanduhe Vanye Zira , Garcia Manuel B. , Baashar Yahia
Published: September 2021

Gamification in education is a strategy of motivating and engaging students by integrating game design features into the instructional process. Although there is a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of gamification in the educational setting, some of the evidence is inconclusive and insufficient, especially in developing nations. The purpose of this study is to integrate the technology acceptance model and task technology fit to investigate instructors' intention to use gamified online learning. A sample of 50 participants across various African institutions was involved in this study. Structural equation modelling implemented via partial least squares (PLS) is used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that intention to use gamified online learning was significantly and positively influenced by task technology fit, perceived usefulness, and attitude. Notably, subjective norms, facilitating conditions, and computer anxiety failed to predict behavioural intention. The authors discuss the implications of the findings and propose future directions.
Gamified Learning
Authors: Popescu Cornelia Nih , Attie Elodie , CHADOUTEAU Laëtitia
Published: September 2021

In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning represents a more and more important concern of all education providers and an inevitable direction for the current context in training and education. This chapter follows the theory of gamified learning and the theory of flow to understand to which extent game characteristics improve engagement and learning outcomes, such as performance and engagement. To do this, two groups of learners (N=20) were randomly assigned: the experimental group followed a gamified learning module, and the control group followed the same content without gamification mechanisms. The game mechanisms chosen involve a game, a challenge, virtual rewards, an avatar, a final badge, and a system of points and levels. Results show that the gamified course increased the time spent on the course and the overall performance. Hence, this chapter demonstrates the relevance of using gamification to improve learning outcomes.
Petrha+
Authors: Macedo Rui , Silva Claudia , Albouy Bruno , San Juan Alejandro F. , Pystynen Tiina
Published: September 2021

Role play and simulated patients are tools frequently used in undergraduate physiotherapy courses to help students gain familiarity with what they will find in future real-life encounters. However, these approaches have limitations when it comes to delivering diversity and repetition to a large number of students and are mostly bounded to the school's premises. Web-based virtual patient software can help to overcome these shortcomings as they equally require students to go through most of the steps of the physiotherapy process, and simultaneously offer unlimited diversity of cases and repetition opportunities and can be delocalized from physical schools. PETRHA + is an Erasmus+ strategic partnership of European high education institutions aiming at the improvement of a web-based serious game prototype designed to enhance physiotherapy students' clinical reasoning using virtual patients. The objective of this chapter is the presentation of the background context that led to the development of the serious game, its design features, functions, and ongoing and future developments.
Using Sentiment Analytics to Understand Learner Experiences in Serious Games
Authors: William Linda , Yang Ruan
Published: September 2021

A serious game has been introduced as an alternative tool to support teaching and learning. It integrates entertainment and non-entertainment elements to encourage the voluntary learning of knowledge and skills. One of the essential entertainment elements in the serious game to motivate learning is the enjoyment element. However, studies on models to analyze this enjoyment element are still limited. Most models present isolated and specific approaches for specific games that cannot scale to other games. In this chapter, a generic enjoyment analytics framework is proposed. The framework aims to capture learners' enjoyment experience using open-ended feedback, analyze the feedback using sentiment analytics models, and visualize the results in an interactive dashboard. Using this framework, the lecturers would interpret the learners' experience towards the topic and the game and capture difficulties the learners may encounter during the game. It would help the lecturers to decide follow-up actions required for the learners to improve the learning.
Motivating Sustainable Recycling Practices Through Persuasive Technologies
Authors: Santos Ricardo , Rodrigues Armanda , Romão Teresa , Gouveia Francisco M. N.
Published: September 2021

Despite the importance of recycling in the current and pressing context of preserving the environment, it is still not adopted by all of us. Several mobile tools have become available with the aim of sensitizing and motivating the population towards sustainable behaviours, with limitations in information availability and in integration with formal as well as informal sources. Moreover, persuasive characteristics, such as the use of gamification also need improvement towards raising competitiveness (and awareness) in the targeted community. The authors thus propose a mobile responsive gamified application for motivating recycling attitudes centred around an interactive map, supported by the curated data of one of the reference companies of the environmental sector in the region. The app includes collaborative persuasive elements as well as validation processes for crowdsourced content proposed by the community. The results of an evaluation process, with promising results, are described.
Augmented Reality Games
Authors: Atiker Baris
Published: September 2021

Augmented reality strengthens its ties with the gaming world every day. The fact that smartphones can be used as an augmented reality tool, in particular, shows this interest as a remarkable phenomenon for both gamers and game producers. The development of augmented reality applications is of great importance for the future of the gaming world, as it is not only limited to mobile phones but also covers more sophisticated devices. This research intends to evaluate how augmented reality games interpret gaming concepts and principles, through field research methods, new applications, and studies that deal with gamification, presence, immersion, and game transfer phenomena. It is also aimed to make inferences about how our daily life can be gamified in the near future thanks to augmented reality.
Why Business Digitalization Is Still So Risky
Authors: Sheu Myron , He Xin Xin
Published: September 2021

Due to rapid IT advances and escalated globalization, business digitalization has been accelerating. However, the average success rate of such endevors remains low. As an attempt to reveal why the digital transformation of a business is still so risky, this research analyzes how commonly encountered risks in IS projects are responded to and how the responses affect project outcomes. Resulting from the authors' previous work, they hypothesize that information systems are much more complex as they play an increasingly pivotal role in executing most business functions, and subsequently, the risk pattern of IS projects may have evolved, and that as businesses keep adding more information systems to the enterprise infrastructure, rather than via a piecemeal approach, a framework for enterprise-wide digital integration must be established to guide and evaluate business digitalization. The finding from this research should largely validate their hypotheses and allow them to call for a refocus of the efforts on digitalizing an enterprise.
An Extended LBWA Framework in Picture Fuzzy Environment Using Actual Score Measures Application in Social Enterprise Systems
Authors: Biswas Sanjib , Majumder Shuvendu , Pamucar Dragan , Dawn Suman Kumar
Published: September 2021

Level-based weight assessment (LBWA) model is a recently introduced algorithm for determining criteria weights for multi-criteria group decision making. In this paper, the authors aim to extend the basic framework of LBWA in the picture fuzzy (PF) environment using actual score (AS) measures of the picture fuzzy numbers (PFN). They apply this extended framework in addressing a real-life problem pertaining to social entrepreneurship or social entrepreneurs (SE) in the context of COVID-19. They endeavor to identify the critical challenging factors of SE in the new normal. They list the challenges as revealed through literature review and take the opinion of a group of SEs using PF linguistic scale. They then apply the proposed framework, actual score-based picture fuzzy LBWA. They notice that ability to withstand disruption risk and show resilience and fund availability and creation of a supporting business ecosystems are the major challenges that SEs face in the new normal. They carry out validity checking and sensitivity analysis, which show reasonable consistency and stability in the result.
From Far East to Baltic Sea
Authors: Rad Fakhreddin F.
Published: September 2021

This study conceptually investigates the impact of quantum computers on blockchains within the supply chain context. Powerful quantum computers enable attackers to break into blockchains by rapid inverse calculations of mathematical problems that are the core of one of the main blockchain security foundations, known as asymmetric cryptography. They are also able to violate the integrity of public blockchains like bitcoin through mining acceleration. Hence, quantum computers can engender threats to the supply chain users of blockchain. On the other hand, there are ongoing efforts to create a quantum-resistant solution. One approach for such a solution is to utilize quantum tools themselves. Moreover, sufficiently powerful quantum computers are still being developed, and it is still unclear whether a quantum solution will arrive first or vice versa. The contrasting duality of quantum computers and lack of a clear picture over the timing of the arrival of a solution and threats give rise to the uncertainty that might hinder the attractiveness of blockchains for supply chains.
Keystroke Dynamics-Based Authentication System Using Empirical Thresholding Algorithm
Authors: Priya C. V.  , Viji K. S. Angel
Published: September 2021

In a password-based authentication technique, whenever the typed password and username matches the system database, the secure login page allows the client to access it. Despite the password matching, the proposed method checks the similarity between the typing rhythm of entered password and the rhythm of password samples in client's database. In this paper, a novel algorithmic procedure is presented to authenticate the legal client based on empirical threshold values obtained from the timing information of the client's keystroke dynamics. The exploratory outcomes demonstrate an impressive diminish in both false rejection rate and false acceptance rate. Equal error rate and authentication accuracy are also assessed to show the superiority and robustness of the method. Therefore, the proposed keystroke dynamics-based authentication method can be valuable in securing the system protection as a correlative or substitute form of client validation and as a useful resource for identifying the illegal invasion.
Provably Secure Data Sharing Approach for Personal Health Records in Cloud Storage Using Session Password, Data Access Key, and Circular Interpolation
Authors: John Naveen , Sam Shatheesh
Published: September 2021

Personal health record (PHR) system has become the most important platform to exchange health information, in which the patients can share and manage personal health information more effectively in cloud storage. However, the cloud server is unreliable, and the secure data of users may be disclosed. Therefore, a secure data sharing mechanism is developed in this research using the proposed session password, data access key, and circular interpolation (SKC)-based data-sharing approach for the secure sharing of PHR in the cloud. The proposed SKC-based data sharing approach provides high efficiency and high-security guarantee. It effectively satisfies various security properties, such as tamper resistance, openness, and decentralization. The proposed SKC-based data sharing approach is the reliable mechanism created for the doctors to share the PHR and to access the patient historical data while meeting the privacy preservation.
Ranked Deep Web Page Detection Using Reinforcement Learning and Query Optimization
Authors: Madan Kapil , Bhatia Rajesh K.
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a novel algorithm based on reinforcement learning-entitled asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C). Overflow queries are optimized to crawl the ranked deep web. A3C assigns the reward and penalty to the various queries. Queries are derived from the domain-based taxonomy that helps to fill the search forms. Overflow queries are the collection of queries that match with more than k number of results and only top k matched results are retrieved. Low ranked documents beyond k results are not accessible and lead to low coverage. Overflow queries are optimized to convert into non-overflow queries based on the proposed technique and lead to more coverage. As of yet, no research work has been explored by using A3C with taxonomy in the domain of ranked deep web. The experimental results show that the proposed technique outperforms the three other techniques (i.e., document frequency, random query, and high frequency) in terms of average improvement metric by 26%, 69%, and 92%, respectively.
Frugal Knowledge Sharing for Frugal Innovation Diffusion in Africa
Authors: Mengesha Getachew H. , Watson Richard Thomas , Negash Solomon
Published: September 2021

This study explores mechanisms of frugal knowledge sharing for frugal innovation diffusion drawing upon concepts from social capital and diffusion of innovation theories. Three frugal innovations projects from Uganda, Malawi, and Ethiopia are used to undertake a preliminary appraisal of a proposed theoretical model. The study identifies a frugal knowledge sharing mechanism based on “The Church lady model”. From a practice perspective, the study informs how to leverage social capital to facilitate frugal knowledge sharing. Insights drawn from this study cover the surrounding network structure, mode of communication, frugal knowledge sharing modalities, and the opportunity for combination and exchange to spark varied frugal IS innovation projects. From a research point of view, it serves as a basis for frugal knowledge management for frugal innovation diffusion in an African context.
Predicting Software Aging With a Hybrid Weight-Based Method
Authors: Yan Yongquan , Li Yanjun , Cheng Bin
Published: September 2021

Since software aging problems have been found in many areas, how to find an optimal time to rejuvenate is vital for software aging problems. In this paper, the authors propose a newly hybrid method to predict resource depletion of a web server suffered from software aging problems. The proposed method comprises three parts. First, a smoothing method, self-organized map, is used to make resource consumption series glossier. Second, several sub-optimal methods are utilized to fit resource consumption series. Third, an optimization method is proposed to combine all single methods to predict software aging. In experiments, the authors use the real commercial running dataset to validate the effect of the proposed method. And the presented method has a better prediction result for both available memory and heap memory under two metrics: root mean square error and mean average error.