bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, Dynamic and Thermoelectric Properties of Monolayer made of Carbon and Nitrogen
Authors: Cholaki Erfan , Arghavani Nia Borhan , Rezaee Sahar , Parsamehr Sajad
Published: October 2024

In this research, using the Win2k software based on the Cohen–Sham equations and applying the density functional theory with the help of the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW), the dynamic, electronic, optical and thermoelectric parameters of the C5N monolayer have been physically investigated. The results of electronic properties calculations indicate that the C5N monolayer has metallic and nonmagnetic properties. The maximum absorption of higher energies occurs at the energy of 11.98[Formula: see text]eV in the [Formula: see text] direction. In the [Formula: see text] direction, the peaks are evident in the range of the visible light region at energies of 1[Formula: see text]eV and 3[Formula: see text]eV while no peak is observed in the visible light region in the [Formula: see text] direction. In addition, the phonon dispersion diagram is calculated by the linear response approach along the symmetric points for this structure. The outcomes provide no negative modes in the phonon spectrum, expressing that these structures are dynamically in equilibrium. The use of Boltzmann transfer theory with the relaxation time approximation to investigate the thermoelectric properties of the C5N monolayer reveals that the low Seebeck coefficient and the increase of thermal conductivity by increasing temperature leads to a very small ZT for the above monolayer. The minimum value of the Seebeck coefficient at the temperature of 300[Formula: see text]K is −45[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V/K, and with increasing temperature, it exhibits an upward trend to reach −17[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V/K under a temperature of 600[Formula: see text]K, meaning that the low value of the Seebeck coefficient (less than 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V/K) is in agreement with the metallic nature of this monolayer. The metallic property of this structure is considered an important feature in fabricating electrodes (batteries).
Measurement for Yield Strength of Copper Under Perturbed Shock Loading
Authors: Wu Xiao , Zeng Chong-Yang , Ma Xiao-Juan , Liu Fu-Sheng
Published: October 2024

Based on the shock-loading technique of a two-stage light gas gun, the yield strength of copper was measured by the shock wavefront disturbance method for the first time. Additionally, based on Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan constitutive model, a numerical simulation procedure for the evolution of perturbed shock front in copper was first constructed. Combining numerical simulation results with experimental results, the yield strength of copper was found to be [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GPa at pressures of 47.17, 60.67, 76.98, 101.35 and 124.26[Formula: see text]GPa, respectively. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by the AC method. According to the phase diagram of copper, there was no phase transition under experimental shock-loading pressure, and the yield strength of copper increased with increasing shock-loading pressure. Research on the yield strength of copper under shock loading was of great significance to various fields.
Predator-incited fear weakened by infertility of prey in a prey–predator model with memory effect
Authors: Balci Ercan , Çizmeci Hatice , Kartal Senol , Öztürk İlhan
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the construction along with investigation of a novel prey–predator model incorporating prey infertility and the integration of prey infertility with predator-incited fear. The model is built upon a basic prey–predator model, featuring a Michaelis–Menten response. Subsequently, fear effect is introduced to the model, followed by the integration of prey infertility into the concept of logistic growth. Finally, the prey infertility rate is included in the fear effect term. The system is formulated using fractional differential equations. This study covers the well-posedness, stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of the model, conducting detailed numerical examinations together with biological interpretations. Pioneering and original results are achieved in terms of including the concept of prey infertility into the prey–predator model and considering it together with other biological facts, and incorporating the memory effect using fractional derivatives within the model.
Numerical analysis of skin cancer model induced by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Jeeva N. , Dharmalingam K. M.
Published: October 2024

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers, and is primarily caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Understanding these dynamics is critical for the development of effective preventive and treatment measures. In this study, we examined a mathematical model of skin cancer induced by UV rays, categorizing the total population into four compartments: susceptible [Formula: see text], infected [Formula: see text], recovered [Formula: see text], and UV radiation [Formula: see text]. To solve the system of nonlinear differential equations and obtain a numerical solution for the SIRU model, we employed three semi-analytical methods: the differential transform method (DTM), Shehu transformation–Akbari–Ganjis–Pade approximation method (SAGPM), and higher-order inverse polynomial method (HOIPM). Each method was effective in providing highly accurate solutions with minimal computational effort. Compared to the [Formula: see text] solver, these semi-analytical methods have been validated for their accuracy, confirming their reliability and efficiency in solving complex real-world problems, leading to interesting findings. This study also investigated the impact of key parameters, offering valuable insights into the response and behavior of the skin cancer model under various conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of the dynamics of skin cancer.
Exploring frequency-dependent dielectric relaxation in Bakelite: A concise report
Authors: Chakraborty Sudhangshu , Sheikh Md Ayub
Published: October 2024

This study explores dielectric relaxation in Bakelite, focusing on its temperature dependence across various frequencies. It delves into the role of different polarization types in the thermo-active dielectric relaxation process. The analysis shows that low-frequency dielectric dispersion and complex impedance are crucial in controlling this process. The findings emphasize how these factors actively and prominently illustrate the frequency-dependent nature of dielectric relaxation in Bakelite.
Enhanced Multi-Object Tracking: Inferring Motion States of Tracked Objects
Authors: Liao Pan , Yang Feng , Wu Di , Liu Bo , Zhang Xingle , Zhou Shangjun
Published: October 2024

Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) is a critical problem in computer vision, yet current research on tracking the motion state of objects relative to the ground remains limited. The extant literature exhibits a notable dearth in the exploration of this aspect. Deep learning methodologies encounter challenges in accurately discerning object motion states, while conventional approaches reliant on comprehensive mathematical modeling may yield sub-optimal tracking accuracy. To address these challenges, we introduce a Model-Data-Driven Motion State Judgment Object Tracking (MoD2T) method. This innovative architecture adeptly amalgamates classical mathematical modeling with deep learning-based MOT frameworks. The integration of mathematical modeling and deep learning within MoD2T enhances the precision of object motion state determination, thereby elevating tracking accuracy. Our empirical investigations comprehensively validate the efficacy of MoD2T across varied scenarios, encompassing unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance and street-level tracking. Furthermore, to gauge the method’s adeptness in discerning object motion states, we introduce the Motion State Validation F1 (MVF1) metric.
Dual-Path Imbalanced Feature Compensation Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification
Authors: Cheng Xu , Wang Zichun , Jiang Yan , Liu Xingyu , Yu Hao , Shi Jingang , Yu Zitong
Published: October 2024

Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) presents significant challenges on account of the substantial cross-modality gap and intra-class variations. Most existing methods primarily concentrate on aligning cross-modality at the feature or image levels and training with an equal number of samples from different modalities. However, in the real world, there exists an issue of modality imbalance between visible and infrared data. Besides, imbalanced samples between train and test impact the robustness and generalization of the VI-ReID. To alleviate this problem, we propose a dual-path imbalanced feature compensation network (DICNet) for VI-ReID, which provides equal opportunities for each modality to learn inconsistent information from different identities of others, enhancing identity discrimination performance and generalization. First, a modality consistency perception (MCP) module is designed to assist the backbone focus on spatial and channel information, extracting diverse and salient features to enhance feature representation. Second, we propose a cross-modality features re-assignment strategy to simulate modality imbalance by grouping and re-organizing the cross-modality features. Third, we perform bidirectional heterogeneous cooperative compensation with cross-modality imbalanced feature interaction modules (CIFIMs), allowing our network to explore the identity-aware patterns from imbalanced features of multiple groups for cross-modality interaction and fusion. Further, we design a feature re-construction difference loss to reduce cross-modality discrepancy and enrich feature diversity within each modality. Extensive experiments on three mainstream datasets show the superiority of the DICNet. Additionally, competitive results in corrupted scenarios verify its generalization and robustness.
An SMT-Based Approach to the Verification of Knowledge-Based Programs
Authors: Belardinelli Francesco , Boureanu Ioana , Malvone Vadim , Rajaona Fortunat
Published: October 2024

We give a general-purpose programming language in which programs can reason about their own knowledge. To specify what these intelligent programs know, we define a “program epistemic” logic, akin to a dynamic epistemic logic for programs. Our logic properties are complex, including programs introspecting into future state of affairs, i.e., reasoning now about facts that hold only after they and other threads will execute. To model aspects anchored in privacy, our logic is interpreted over partial observability of variables, thus capturing that each thread can “see” only a part of the global space of variables. We verify program-epistemic properties on such AI-centred programs. To this end, we give a sound translation of the validity of our program-epistemic logic into first-order validity, using a new weakest-precondition semantics and a book-keeping of variable assignment. We implement our translation and fully automate our verification method for well-established examples using SMT solvers.
Red blood cells from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and elevated C-reactive protein levels induce endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Tengbom John , Humoud Rawan , Kontidou Eftychia , Jiao Tong , Yang Jiangning , Hedin Ulf , Zhou Zhichao , Jurga Juliane , Collado Aida , Mahdi Ali , Pernow John
Published: October 2024

Red blood cells from patients with STEMI and systemic inflammation induce endothelial dysfunction ex vivo. The RBC-induced endothelial dysfunction is mediated through increased arginase 1 and a shift in the redox balance toward oxidative stress. Inhibition of arginase or free radicals attenuates the impairment of endothelial function. The study suggests that red blood cells deserve attention as a key player in systemic inflammation and STEMI.
Cascading Reliability Assessment of International Railway Freight Network Based on Coupled Map Lattices: A Case Study of China Railway Express
Authors: Chen Si , Chi Xinyi , Zhang Qian , Tang Yinying , Liu Zhen , Tan Wenkai
Published: October 2024

The cascading reliability problem of international railway freight network is becoming noticeable due to the limitation of node transportation capacity with increases in the transport volume of the international railway freight trains. We discuss this problem in this study, thereby focusing on the failure process of the international railway freight network. As the first step, we consider three factors of node degree, node betweenness, and edge betweenness based on the complex network theory, and establish the node model using coupled map lattice method. Next, we select three indicators to evaluate the reliability characteristics of the network and evaluate the robustness of the network with the maximum effective graph and the network efficiency. Finally, we apply the model to the China Railway Express freight network and consider two situations: cascading failures and noncascading failures that are corresponding to two strategies: redistributing cargoes and disbanding cargoes. The results show that the cascading reliability of the China Railway Express freight network is not high. The indicators decrease less than 10% under noncascading failure, while more than 40% under cascading failure, so the network is more reliable under noncascading failure. Our research provides a new way to test the cascading reliability of the international railway freight network and provide different strategies for improving reliability.
Hippo Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: Modulation by Various Signals and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Mohammadpour Somayeh , Torshizi Esfahani Amir , Sarpash SeyedKasra , Vakili Fatemeh , Zafarjafarzadeh Nikta , Mashaollahi Amirhesam , Pardakhtchi Ali , Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a significant global health issue, marked by elevated occurrence and mortality statistics. Despite the availability of various treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, CRC cells often exhibit resistance to these interventions. As a result, it is imperative to identify the disease at an earlier stage and enhance the response to treatment by acquiring a deeper comprehension of the processes driving tumor formation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in facilitating the initiation of tumorigenesis and frequently experiences disruption within CRC because of genetic mutations and modified expression in its fundamental constituents. Targeting upstream regulators or core Hippo pathway components may provide innovative therapeutic strategies for modulating Hippo signaling dysfunction in CRC. To advance novel therapeutic techniques for CRC, it is imperative to grasp the involvement of the Hippo pathway in CRC and its interaction with alternate signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs, gut microbiota, and the immune microenvironment. This review seeks to illuminate the function and control of the Hippo pathway in CRC, ultimately aiming to unearth innovative therapeutic methodologies for addressing this ailment.
From Etiology to Intervention: A Holistic Review of Bunion Pathophysiology and Care
Authors: Barnes Danielle , Matijasich Paige , Maxwell Aidan , Yatsonsky David , Ballard Audrey , Ebraheim Nabil , Elattar Osama
Published: October 2024

In this review paper, we present the common etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of the following three common bunion formations: dorsal bunion, tailor’s bunion, and hallux valgus (HV). Bunions are common pathologies that present to a variety of clinics, so it is important for providers to have a base understanding of these in order to provide the best care to patients. Many of these bunion formations have a variety of causes which allow providers to manage them before surgical intervention is required. The aim of this review paper is to bring attention and expanded insight on these common bunion presentations in order to minimize morbidity early on. The information provided in this review will allow both primary care and subspecialty physicians with the knowledge to accurately diagnose and optimally manage these bony deformities of the lower extremity.
Supplementary Table 1 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Table S1. Surface BCMA expression level and corresponding STI-8811 cytotoxicity EC50 in 16 tumor cell lines
Figure 5 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Tumor suppression study of STI-8811 in xenograft mouse models. A, Dose escalation study of STI-8811 in NCI-H929 s.c. xenograft tumor models. Mice (n = 7) were treated i.v. with single dose of STI-8811 or PBS as a control. All data are represented as the mean ± SD. B, Study of STI-8811 in a disseminated RPMI8226 tumor model expressing firefly luciferase (RPMI8226-GFP-Fluc). Mice (n = 7–8) were treated i.v. biweekly with four or eight doses. C, Comparison of tumor suppression resulting from repeated treatments of STI-8811 and J6M0-mc-MMAF in NCI-H929 and (D) OPM-2 tumor models. Mice (n = 8) were treated i.v. with four doses of indicated molecules at a biweekly regimen. E, Comparison of single-dose treatment of STI-8811 and J6M0-mcMMAF in large (∼500 mm3) NCI-H929 and (F) large OPM-2 tumor models. Mice (n = 6) were treated i.v. with a single dose of ADCs or the PBS control. G, Comparison of repeated-dose treatment of STI-8811 and J6M0-mcMMAF in a large OPM-2 tumor model. Mice (n = 7) were treated i.v. biweekly with four doses. biw, biweekly, CR, complete response.
Figure 2 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Cytotoxic activity of STI-8811 on multiple myeloma cell lines and correlation with BCMA surface expression. A, Cytotoxic activity of STI-8811 in indicated multiple myeloma cell lines after 120 hours of incubation (n = 3–9). Data are represented as the mean ± SD. B, Comparison of cytotoxic activity between STI-8811 and the belantamab mafodotin biosimilar (J6M0-mc-MMAF) after 120 hours of incubation. C, Correlation between the EC50 value and BCMA surface expression on 16 tumor cell lines. EC50, treatment concentration at 50% signal.
Demand Analysis of Self-Management Mobile Health Applications for Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on the Kano Model
Authors: Yan Yu , Liu Min , Duan Di-Fei , Yan Lin-Jia , Li Ling , Ma Deng-Yan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Middle-aged and older individuals often face significant challenges in adopting digital health solutions, leading to a digital divide that hinders their ability to benefit from mobile health (mHealth) interventions. This study aimed to investigate the specific requirements of middle-aged and older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for self-management through mobile health applications (mHealth apps), using the Kano model. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to September 2023 in five hospitals across Sichuan, Shandong, Guangdong, and Shaanxi provinces in China. The Kano model was employed to analyze participants’ preferences regarding mHealth apps for self-management. Results: Out of 359 participants (57.1% men, predominantly aged 45–54), the study identified essential and desirable features for mHealth apps. Essential attributes include comprehensive CKD information and robust privacy protection. Key to enhancing user satisfaction is features like symptom and medication management, access to medical insurance information, and app interface simplicity. Additional attractive features for increasing app appeal include diet management, exercise guidance, and customizable text size. Conclusion: This study identifies critical mHealth app features for self-management in middle-aged and older CKD patients, emphasizing the importance of user-centric design. The findings provide valuable insights for app developers to create tailored solutions that cater to the specific needs of this demographic, potentially enhancing their self-management capabilities.
The Direct Medical Cost of Essential Tremor
Authors: Kapinos Kandice A. , Louis Elan D.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the direct medical cost of illness from essential tremor (ET) from a patient perspective. Methods: Secondary data from the Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database from 2018–2019 were used to assess medical resource utilization and costs. Propensity score matching was used to match patients aged 40+ to statistically similar controls. Generalized linear models were used to estimate average, adjusted total costs of care per year, by healthcare setting, and provider specialty. Results: The final sample included 41,200 patients with at least one ET claim and 36,871 matched patients. Overall, ET patients aged 40+ had about USD 28,217 in direct medical costs per year, which was about USD 1,601 more than matched comparisons (p < 0.001). This was driven by greater number of outpatient visits overall and with specialists. Extrapolating the estimates from our study and pairing them with published age-specific disease prevalence statistics for ET, we calculated an annual cost for direct medical care of ET patients aged 40+ to be about USD 9.4 billion. Conclusion: The estimated direct medical costs among adults aged 40+ with an ET diagnosis aggregated to the population level are nontrivial.
A Teoria dos Emaranhados Biossociomateriais: entrelaçamentos entre Coisas e Humanos
Authors: Hodder Ian , Teixeira-Bastos Marcio
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the archaeological theory about entanglements between things and humans, understanding this relationship as flows of matter, energy, and information. The cultural world cannot be understood as self-evident data; things take part in a long process of interdependence, construction, and transmission of knowledge. The entanglement is composed of conceptual abstractions and bodily resonance, a reverberation between mind, body, and the world of things. Biosociomaterial entanglements relate to the dialectic of dependence and dependency between humans and things. Addressing the entanglement between humans and things allows for more dialogue between the humanities, social sciences, biological sciences, and material sciences in archaeological and anthropological inquiries.
Effect of feeding on the body development of newborn opossums (Didelphis albiventris)
Authors: Passini Ynara , Cavalcanti Eduarda Aléxia Nunes Louzada Dias , Sá Mayana Lima de , Coimbra Marco Antônio Afonso , Corcini Carine Dahl , França Raqueli Teresinha
Published: October 2024

Muitos filhotes órfãos de gambás são encaminhados aos Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres necessitando de cuidados parentais. Não há estudos sobre substitutos do leite materno, assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar duas formulações de sucedâneo do leite adaptadas de estudos realizados com pequenos animais, rotineiramente utilizadas para a alimentação desses animais. Para tanto, foram utilizados 36 neonatos de Didelphis albiventris, com peso entre 20 e 25 gramas, divididos em dois grupos, cada grupo alimentado com um tipo de sucedâneo (comercial ou caseiro). Os grupos foram acompanhados durante quatro semanas, os animais foram pesados e tiveram seu comprimento mensurado semanalmente, além das avaliações individuais diárias a cada alimentação. O volume estomacal foi mensurado em sete animais que morreram durante o período de avaliação e que não faziam parte dos grupos experimentais. Observou-se que o sucedâneo caseiro apresentou maiores níveis de energia e de gordura em comparação ao comercial, e os animais alimentados com ele apresentaram maior desenvolvimento corporal.
YAP Overcomes Mechanical Barriers to Induce Mitotic Rounding and Adult Cardiomyocyte Division
Authors: Morikawa Yuka , Kim Jong H. , Li Rich Gang , Liu Lin , Liu Shijie , Deshmukh Vaibhav , Hill Matthew C. , Martin James F.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Many specialized cells in adult organs acquire a state of cell cycle arrest and quiescence through unknown mechanisms. Our limited understanding of mammalian cell cycle arrest is derived primarily from cell culture models. Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, a classic example of cell cycle arrested cells, exit the cell cycle postnatally and remain in an arrested state for the life of the organism. Cardiomyocytes can be induced to re-enter the cell cycle by YAP5SA, an active form of the Hippo signaling pathway effector YAP.

METHODS:

We performed clonal analyses to determine the cell cycle kinetics of YAP5SA cardiomyocytes. We also performed single-cell RNA sequencing, marker gene analysis, and functional studies to examine how YAP5SA cardiomyocytes progress through the cell cycle.

RESULTS:

We discovered that YAP5SA-expressing cardiomyocytes divided efficiently, with >20% of YAP5SA cardiomyocyte clones containing ≥2 cardiomyocytes. YAP5SA cardiomyocytes re-entered cell cycle at the G1/S transition and had an S phase lasting ≈48 hours. Sarcomere disassembly is required for cardiomyocyte progression from S to G2 phase and the induction of mitotic rounding. Although oscillatory Cdk expression was induced in YAP5SA cardiomyocytes, these cells inefficiently progressed through G2 phase. This is improved by inhibiting P21 function, implicating checkpoint activity as an additional barrier to YAP5SA-induced cardiomyocyte division.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data reveal that YAP5SA overcomes the mechanically constrained myocardial microenvironment to induce mitotic rounding with cardiomyocyte division, thus providing new insights into the in vivo mechanisms that maintain cell cycle quiescence in adult mammals.
Antiplatelet Strategy for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Sandhyavenu Harigopal , Taha Amro , Narayana Gowda Smitha , Mukhtar Maryam , Reddy Polam Aravind , Zahid Salman , Fischman David L. , Savage Michael P. , Rao Sunil V. , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: October 2024

Background

Optimal duration and choice of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain controversial.

Methods and Results

Digital databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) were queried to select all randomized controlled trials on a post–percutaneous coronary intervention population with acute coronary syndrome. Dual‐antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel for 12 months was compared with 4 major strategies: high‐potency, high‐ to low‐potency, low‐dose, and short‐duration DAPT. A network meta‐analysis was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of different antiplatelet strategies. This study was the second updated manuscript under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review registration (CRD42021286552). Thirty‐two randomized controlled trials comprising 103 459 (51 750 experimental, 51 709 control) patients were included. Compared with DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel for 12 months, high‐ to low‐potency DAPT (risk ratio [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.52–0.92]) and aspirin+prasugrel containing DAPT for 12 months (RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72–0.98]) had a significantly lower, whereas DAPT for 1 month followed by clopidogrel only (RR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.06–2.39]) had a higher, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year (median follow‐up). Prasugrel (RR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.09–1.66]) and ticagrelor (RR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.17–1.62]) containing DAPT for 12 months had significantly higher rates, whereas high‐ to low‐potency DAPT (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.63–1.15]) had no significant risk of major bleeding.

Conclusions

Aspirin and ticagrelor for 3 months, followed by aspirin and clopidogrel for the remaining duration, can be considered the optimal strategy for treating post–percutaneous coronary intervention patients with acute coronary syndrome because of a significantly reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Third‐Trimester Cardiovascular Function and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Lihme Frederikke , Basit Saima , Persson Lisa G. , Larsen Maria O. , Lauridsen Karin H. , Lykke Jacob A. , Andersen Anita S. , Thorsen‐Meyer Annette , Pihl Kasper , Melbye Mads , Wohlfahrt Jan , Boyd Heather A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Whether cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with preeclampsia in women without fetal growth restriction (FGR) is unclear. Our objective was to investigate associations between third‐trimester cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with and without FGR.

Methods and Results

A case–cohort study in 906 pregnant women in Denmark with repeated third‐trimester cardiac function assessments was performed using the Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor 1A. Using Cox regression, we compared rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with low, normal, and high CO and normal and high systemic vascular resistance, by FGR status and gestational age, and evaluated associations between a third‐trimester drop in CO or increase in systemic vascular resistance and preeclampsia risk in women without FGR. The analysis included 249 women with preeclampsia (42 with FGR) and 119 women with gestational hypertension. Low CO was strongly associated with preeclampsia at <37 weeks (women with FGR: hazard ratio [HR], 5.25 [95% CI, 1.26–21.9]; women without FGR: HR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.07–4.48]). Our results also suggested an association between low CO and preeclampsia at ≥37 weeks among women without FGR (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.84–2.03]), and between a third‐trimester drop in CO >75th percentile and preeclampsia in women without FGR (odds ratio, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.84–4.36]). High systemic vascular resistance was strongly associated with increased rates of all forms of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Conclusions

Low CO is associated with preeclampsia risk in women with and without FGR, particularly before 37 weeks. Repeated measurements of third‐trimester cardiovascular function might identify women without FGR for monitoring for preeclampsia, but this result needs to be confirmed in other studies.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Risk of Aortic Stenosis in Women in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry
Authors: Kontogeorgos Silvana , Rosengren Annika , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Fu Michael , Lindgren Martin , Basic Carmen , Svanvik Maria‐Teresia , Djekic Demir , Thunström Erik
Published: October 2024

Background

Overweight and obesity are increasing globally with aging, as are life expectancy and aging‐associated disorders, including calcific aortic stenosis (AS). Studies investigating the correlation between high body mass index (BMI) and AS are contradictory and inconclusive. This study examines a potential association between BMI and AS in women.

Methods and Results

By linking the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish National Patient Register, we included women aged 18 to 55 years with a first childbirth from 1981 to 2020. Diagnosis of AS and comorbidities were defined according to the
International Classification of Diseases
(
ICD
) codes. The women were divided into groups on the basis of BMI. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the difference in the risk of being diagnosed with AS, with reference BMI 20 to <22.5 kg/m
2
. Among the 1 722 625 included women, the mean age was 28 years, and mean BMI was 24 kg/m
2
, with 21% being overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m
2
) and 8.5% obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m
2
). During median follow‐up of 19.5 years, 2488 women (0.14%) were diagnosed with AS. The age‐adjusted risk of being diagnosed with AS increased with higher BMI to 2.82 (95% CI, 2.44–3.25) times higher in women with BMI 30 to <35 kg/m
2
, and to 3.72 (95% CI, 2.95–4.70) times higher in those with BMI ≥35 kg/m
2
. Similar results were found after excluding AS of rheumatic pathogenesis.

Conclusions

An increase in BMI from its upper normal range was consistently and independently associated with the risk of developing AS in women.
Synthetic Antiangiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor—A Splice Variant Revascularizes Ischemic Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Raja Adarshini , Ganta Vijay
Published: October 2024

Background

Alternative splicing in the eighth exon C‐terminus of VEGF‐A (vascular endothelial growth factor‐A) results in the formation of proangiogenic VEGF
165
a and antiangiogenic VEGF
165
b isoforms. The only known difference between these 2 isoform families is a 6‐amino acid switch from CDKPRR (in VEGF
165
a) to SLTRKD (in VEGF
165
b). We have recently shown that VEGF
165
b can induce VEGFR2‐activation but fails to induce VEGFR1 (VEGF receptor 1)‐activation. The molecular mechanisms that regulate VEGF
165
b's ability toward differential VEGFR2 versus VEGFR1 activation/inhibition are not yet clear.

Methods and Results

Hypoxia serum starvation was used as an in vitro peripheral artery disease model. Unilateral single ligation of the femoral artery was used as a preclinical peripheral artery disease model. VEGFR1 activating ligands have 2 arginine (RR) residues in their eighth exon C‐terminus, that were replaced by lysine‐aspartic acid (KD) in VEGF
165
b. A synthetic anti‐angiogenic VEGF
165
b splice variant in which the KD residues were switched to RR (VEGF
165
b
KD→RR
) activated both VEGFR1‐ and VEGFR2‐signaling pathways to induce ischemic‐endothelial cell angiogenic capacity in vitro and enhance perfusion recovery in a severe experimental‐peripheral artery disease model significantly higher than VEGF
165
a. Phosphoproteome arrays showed that the therapeutic efficacy of VEGF
165
b
KD→RR
over VEGF
165
a is due to its ability to induce P38‐activation in ischemic endothelial cells.

Conclusions

Our data shows that the KD residues regulate VEGF
165
b's VEGFR1 inhibitory property but not VEGFR2. Switching these KD residues to RR resulted in the formation of a synthetic/recombinant VEGF
165
b
KD→RR
isoform that has the ability to activate both VEGFR1‐ and VEGFR2‐signaling and induce ischemic‐endothelial cell angiogenic and proliferative capacity that matched the angiogenic requirement necessary to achieve perfusion recovery in a severe experimental‐peripheral artery disease model.
Trends of Blood Pressure Control in Chronic Kidney Disease Among US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2011 to 2020
Authors: Akbari Sadaf , Ten Eyck Patrick , Wendt Linder , Yamada Masaaki , Boucher Robert , Beddhu Srinivasan , Jalal Diana I.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypertension afflicts most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to kidney disease progression, cardiovascular disease, and death in this patient population. The evidence and clinical guidelines support lowering blood pressure (BP) goals in patients with CKD. We evaluated if BP control improved among US adults with CKD.

Methods and Results

In the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) for the periods 2011 to 2014, 2015 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020, we identified individuals with CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate 20 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio≥30 mg/g. The following systolic BP categories were evaluated: <120, 120 to 129, 130 to 139, and ≥140 mm Hg. All measures were tested for differences between year groups accounting for sample strata, clusters, and weights. During the periods of 2011 to 2014, 2015 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020, the prevalence of CKD was stable at 14%, 13%, and 13%, respectively (
P
=0.4). Among those with CKD, the proportion of individuals with self‐reported hypertension or taking BP medications increased from 66 in 2011 to 2014, to 69 and 86% in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2020, respectively (
P
<0.0001). Although the number of BP medications prescribed increased significantly over time, less than half of the individuals with CKD had well‐controlled BP based on the current guidelines.

Conclusions

Although BP recognition has improved among those with CKD, a significant number of individuals with CKD do not meet their BP goal.
Personalized Intervention Strategy Based on a Risk Score Generated From Subcutaneous Insertable Cardiac Monitor: Results From Phase 1 of ALLEVIATE‐HF
Authors: Kahwash Rami , Zile Michael R. , Chalasani Prasad , Bertolet Barry , Gravelin Laura , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Wehking Jennifer , Van Dorn Brian , Sarkar Shantanu , Laager Verla , Gerritse Bart , Laechelt Aimee , Butler Javed ,   the ALLEVIATE‐HF Phase I Investigators
Published: October 2024

Background

Diagnostic variables from insertable cardiac monitors may be useful in identifying patients at increased risk of heart failure (HF) events. High‐risk alerts must be coupled with interventions to improve outcomes. We aim to assess the safety of a predefined protocolized intervention pathway activated by insertable cardiac monitor high‐risk alerts.

Methods and Results

ALLEVIATE‐HF (Algorithm Using LINQ Sensors for Evaluation and Treatment of Heart Failure) Phase 1 was a randomized interventional study enrolling patients with New York Heart Association class II/III and a recent HF event. A HF risk score based on insertable cardiac monitor diagnostics, including impedance, respiration rate, atrial fibrillation burden, heart rate during atrial fibrillation, heart rate variability, and activity duration, was calculated. A protocolized intervention pathway was activated when high‐risk scores were detected that involved physician‐prescribed nurse‐implemented uptitration of diuretic for 4 days, unless safety rule‐out conditions were met. Interventions could be repeated if high‐risk scores persisted and did not require worsening symptoms. In total, 59 patients were randomized (mean age 68.2±11.8 years; 59.3% male); 67.8% with ejection fraction ≥50%. The mean follow‐up was 11.8±8.1 months. Overall, 146 high‐risk scores were recorded in 33 patients and 118 interventions occurred in 75 (51.4%) high‐risk alerts that did not meet safety rule‐out criteria. There were no serious adverse events and 13 adverse events related to interventions. In patients with symptoms at intervention initiation, symptoms resolved in 37 interventions (80%) and worsened in 8 (17%). In asymptomatic patients, symptoms developed in 3 interventions (7%).

Conclusions

A personalized medication intervention based on insertable cardiac monitor risk score can be safely instituted in patients with HF, irrespective of symptoms.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT04452149.
Statin Therapy Reduces Radiation‐Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Yan‐Jiun , Lin Jui‐An , Chen Wan‐Ming , Shia Ben‐Chang , Wu Szu‐Yuan
Published: October 2024

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of statin therapy in reducing major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk among patients with breast cancer undergoing breast‐conserving surgery and adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy.

Methods and Results

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients diagnosed with left‐sided early breast invasive ductal carcinoma between 2016 and 2019 were included. Propensity score matching was employed to compare MACE risk between statin users and nonusers. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for MACE, considering cumulative defined daily doses and daily defined doses of statins. Among 1481 patients undergoing breast‐conserving surgery and adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy, statin use significantly reduced MACE risk (aHR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.25–0.44]). Hydrophilic statins, particularly rosuvastatin and pravastatin, demonstrated the greatest risk reduction. Higher cumulative defined daily doses and daily intensity doses of statins were associated with lower MACE risk, indicating a dose–response relationship. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly lower in statin users compared with nonusers (12.24% versus 31.70%).

Conclusions

Statin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of MACE in patients with breast cancer undergoing breast‐conserving surgery and adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy. Hydrophilic statins rosuvastatin and pravastatin exhibit the most pronounced cardioprotective effects. These findings suggest a potential role for statins in mitigating cardiovascular complications in this population and highlight the need for further research to optimize statin therapy in survivors of breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
Burden and Temporal Trends of Valvular Heart Disease‐Related Heart Failure From 1990 to 2019 and Projection Up to 2030 in Group of 20 Countries: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Zhang Shenghui , Liu Cheng , Wu Pingsheng , Li Hu , Zhang Yingyuan , Feng Kaiwei , Huang Huiling , Zhang Jinxia , Lai Yanxian , Pei Jingxian , Lu Zhang , Zhan Junfang
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to characterize the burden of valvular heart disease (VHD)‐related heart failure (HF) in Group of 20 (G20) countries.

Methods and Results

Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated VHD‐related HF burdens (cases, age‐standardized prevalence rates, and years lived with disabilities rates) in G20 countries from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index. The burden of VHD‐related HF increased in G20 countries from 1990 to 2019, exhibiting heterogeneity across VHD subtypes. In 2019, Italy, the United States, and the Russian Federation had the highest age‐standardized prevalence rates of nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF, whereas India, Brazil, and Mexico had the lowest. Rheumatic VHD‐related HF was most prevalent in China, India, and Italy, whereas the Republic of Korea, Brazil, and Turkey had the lowest. Nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF prevalence peaked among G20 countries in individuals ≥85 years of age, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF peaked in those 75 to 84 years of age in several countries, including China, India, the Russian Federation, Mexico, Argentina, and Turkey. Age‐standardized prevalence rates of nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF showed a decreasing trend, more pronounced in women, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF increased in both sexes, with a lower increase in men. Nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF burden correlated with age and sociodemographic index, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF burden was highest in middle sociodemographic index countries for those <75 years of age. Years lived with disabilities rates for VHD‐related HF represented about 9.0% of the overall burden across populations.

Conclusions

The increasing burden of VHD‐related HF in G20 countries highlights the need for timely interventions to mitigate this growing public health challenge.
Trends in Initial Antihypertensive Medication Prescribing Among >2.8 Million Veterans Newly Diagnosed With Hypertension, 2000 to 2019
Authors: Xu Yizhe , Derington Catherine G. , Addo Daniel K. , He Tao , Jacobs Joshua A. , Mohanty April F. , An Jaejin , Cushman William C. , Ho P. Michael , Bellows Brandon K. , Cohen Jordana B. , Bress Adam P.
Published: October 2024

Background

Among patients diagnosed with high blood pressure (BP), initial dual therapy has been recommended for patients with high pretreatment systolic BP (≥160 mm Hg) since 2003, and first‐line β‐blocker use without a compelling condition has fallen out of favor in US guidelines.

Methods and Results

This serial cross‐sectional study of national Veterans Health Administration data included adult Veterans with incident hypertension initiating antihypertensive medication between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. We assessed annual trends in initial regimens dispensed (index date: first antihypertensive dispense date) by number of classes and unique class combinations used overall and by pretreatment systolic BP (<140, 140 to <160, and ≥160 mm Hg), as well as trends in subgroups (age, sex, race and ethnicity, and comorbidities warranting β‐blocker use). Among 2 832 684 eligible Veterans (average age 61 years, 95% men, 65% non‐Hispanic White, and 8% with cardiovascular disease), from 2000–2004 to 2015–2019, initial monotherapy increased across all pretreatment systolic BP levels (<140 mm Hg: 62.1% to 66.4%; 140 to <160 mm Hg: 70.7% to 76.8%; ≥160 mm Hg: 64.2% to 69.7%). Initiation of dual therapy decreased across all pretreatment systolic BP levels (<140 mm Hg: 25.0% to 24.2%; 140 to <160 mm Hg: 20.4% to 17.6%; ≥160 mm Hg: 22.7% to 22.0%). Among 2 521 696 Veterans (89% of overall) without a β‐blocker‐indicated condition in 2015 to 2019, 20% initiated a β‐blocker, most commonly as monotherapy.

Conclusions

More than half of US Veterans diagnosed with hypertension with a pretreatment systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg were started on antihypertensive monotherapy. There are disparities between guideline‐recommended first‐line treatments and the actual regimens initiated for newly diagnosed Veterans with hypertension.
Cardiomyocyte Reduction of Hybrid/Complex N‐Glycosylation in the Adult Causes Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in the Absence of Cellular Remodeling
Authors: Young Anthony M. , Miller John A. , Ednie Andrew R. , Bennett Eric S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) presents a massive burden to health care with a complex pathophysiology that results in HF with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) or HF with preserved EF. It has been shown that relatively modest changes in protein glycosylation, an essential posttranslational modification, are associated with clinical presentations of HF. We and others previously showed that such aberrant protein glycosylation in animal models can lead to HF.

Methods and Results

We develop and characterize a novel, tamoxifen‐inducible, cardiomyocyte
Mgat1
knockout mouse strain, achieved through deletion of
Mgat1
, alpha‐1,3‐mannosyl‐glycoproten 2‐beta‐N‐acetlyglucosaminyltransferase, which encodes N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. We investigate the role of hybrid/complex N‐glycosylation in adult HFrEF pathogenesis at the ion channel, cardiomyocyte, tissue, and gross cardiac level. The data demonstrate successful reduction of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity and confirm that hybrid/complex N‐glycans modulate gating of cardiomyocyte voltage‐gated calcium channels. A longitudinal study shows that the tamoxifen‐inducible, cardiomyocyte
Mgat1
knockout mice present with significantly reduced systolic function by 28 days post induction that progresses into HFrEF by 8 weeks post induction, without significant ventricular dilation or hypertrophy. Further, there was minimal, if any, physiologic or pathophysiologic cardiomyocyte electromechanical remodeling or fibrosis observed before (10–21 days post induction) or after (90–130 days post induction) HFrEF development.

Conclusions

The tamoxifen‐inducible, cardiomyocyte
Mgat1
knockout mouse strain created and characterized here provides a model to describe novel mechanisms and causes responsible for HFrEF onset in the adult, likely occurring primarily through tissue‐level reductions in electromechanical activity in the absence of (or at least before) cardiomyocyte remodeling and fibrosis.