bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among adult population in a rural area of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Dipanwita , Dalal Rajesh Kumar , Sarkar Shuvadeep
Published: January 2020

Background: India is currently in the grip of an explosive epidemic of type 2 diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that by 2030, 8.4% of the adult population will have diabetes in India, which already is the world’s diabetes capital. Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) is a cost effective and simple method for mass screening at community level. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among rural adults of Amdanga, West Bengal and to study the socio-demographic correlates of higher risk.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Amdanga, North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal from 1st August 2019 to 30 th September 2019 among 104 adult population on risk status for type 2 diabetes mellitus using IDRS. Interview was conducted using pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version.Results: Out of 104 study subjects, 9.6% study subjects were not at risk of having diabetes, 45.2% were at moderate risk and 45.2% were at high risk of having diabetes. Marital status, hypertension, outside food intake, exercise and strenuous activity were significantly associated with the risk of diabetes.Conclusions: Majority of the adult population were at moderate and high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hence screening is of utmost importance so that interventions can be initiated at an early stage and change of lifestyle should be initiated as soon as possible to delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
Preliminary evaluation of records of antenatal care at sub-centre in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Rajderkar Shekhar S. , Sohani Sonali A. , Sohani Amit N. , Saale Yogesh R.
Published: January 2020

Background: Health record are essential for monitoring and evaluation of programmes and routine data collection at facility level. Antenatal care is an important intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of study is to assess the antenatal care records at sub-centre level. The objective are evaluation of antenatal registration and completeness of antenatal register.Methods: A record based cross sectional study was conducted at a sub-centre in Western Maharashtra. Study period was for 1 month. Data collection was done one year i.e., recent record from November 2017 to October 2018 is selected for study.Results: Out of 141 entries from registers, level of completeness of various data entries in the register were as follows. Mother’s name was 100% (141), mother’s ID was 69.5% (98), expected date of delivery was 97.87% (138), initial weight of mother was 16.31% (23), tetanus toxoid received by mother was 9% (13). Whereas records of address of mother, height of mother and 4 antenatal visits which includes haemoglobin, blood pressure, urine albumin/sugar details were completely lacking. Only 64.5% (91) of antenatal registration were within 12 week of pregnancy.Conclusions: Early registration of pregnancy is less and needs to be increased for proper antenatal care. Incomplete records lead to loss of important health data; hence staff should be made aware of the need to keep records updated. Sub-centre-specific reasons for incomplete records e.g., lack of training, lack of time or motivation needs to be identified for improvement.
Cold agglutinin disease related mismatch between hematocrit and hemoglobin values
Authors: Hoca Emre , Ziyadanoğlu Fatma Pınar , Kula Atay Can , Ataoğlu Hayriye Esra
Published: January 2020

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disease characterized by destruction of red blood cells (RBC) and anemia, caused by production of antibodies released against the body’s own RBCs. While this condition is more commonly idiopathic, it may accompany autoimmune diseases as well. Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare subtype of acquired autoimmune hemoliytic anemia, however, is an idiosyncratic clinical and pathological terminology, usually seen in older ages. This condition is caused by IgM antibodies called “cold agglutinins” formed against I antigens on RBC membranes which cause agglutination of RBCs at lower temperatures. In this case, a 56 year old male patient who was diagnosed with CAD secondary to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is being presented.
Mistagogia egzystencjalna Karla Rahnera a przepowiadanie słowa Bożego
Authors: Hajduk Ryszard
Published: January 2020

Kościół katolicki po Soborze Watykańskim II coraz więcej uwagi przywiązuje do mistagogii, do czego w znacznej mierze przyczynił się Karl Rahner. Wzywa on do jej praktykowania w duszpasterstwie ze względu na konieczność zmiany sposobu przekazu wiary, która będzie zanikać, jeśli ludzie nie zostaną wprowadzeni w bezpośrednie, osobiste doświadczenie Boga. Dlatego Kościół w swej działalności pastoralnej nie może się ograniczyć do wykładu doktryny chrześcijańskiej, lecz winien wskazywać ludziom drogi prowadzące do życia w zjednoczeniu z Bogiem i towarzyszyć im w osiąganiu pełni człowieczeństwa. Również głoszenie słowa Bożego ma mieć charakter mistagogiczny, czyli odsłaniać ślady obecności Boga w ludzkiej rzeczywistości, odpowiadać na najgłębsze potrzeby duchowe słuchaczy i wspierać ludzi w podejmowaniu decyzji o życiu w zjednoczeniu z Bogiem. Rahnerowska koncepcja mistagogii egzystencjalnej nie neguje potrzeby mistagogii liturgicznej, ale apeluje o jej ścisłe powiązanie z codzienną ludzką egzystencją.
GELİŞEN PİYASA EKONOMİLERİNDE KONJONKTÜR KARŞITI PARA POLİTİKASI
Authors: KARABIYIK Can , ÇILBANT Coşkun
Published: January 2020

Gelişmiş ülkeler genel olarak konjonktür karşıtı para politikasıyla ekonomi yavaşladığında gevşek, ekonomi hızlandığında ise sıkı para politikası uygulamaktadırlar. Böylelikle iktisadi dalgalanmalardaki çöküş ya da patlama engellenmekte ve ekonomik istikrar sağlanmaktadır. Aksine, gelişen piyasa ekonomilerinde uygulanan para politikaları genellikle konjonktür yanlısı niteliktedir.  Bir başka deyişle, gelişen piyasa ekonomilerinde uygulanan makro iktisadi tedbirler çoğunlukla iktisadi dalgaları güçlendirmekte, güneşli günleri kavurucu sıcağa, yağmurlu günleri ise şiddetli sağanak yağışlara dönüştürmektedir. Sonuç olarak parasal otoriteler, önemli bir strateji olan konjonktür karşıtı para politikasını uygulayamamakta ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık ile etkin bir şekilde mücadele edememektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinde konjonktür karşıtı para politikasının uygulanmasını güçleştiren etmenlerin ortaya konulması ve bu konudaki çözüm önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in experimental hyperthyroidism in muscle tissues of the rabbit.
Authors: Pasternak K , Szymonik-Lesiuk S , Brzuszkiewicz-Zarnowska H , Borkowski T
Published: January 2020

In cardial and femoral muscles of rabbits specific activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for twenty amino acids were generally similar, namely the activities towards amino acids and their amides, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, tyrosine, proline and serine were considerably lower than towards the remaining amino acids. Specific activities of most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were higher in hyperthyroidism than in euthyreosis, and were higher in femoral muscle than in heart. The response to thyroxine treatment of individual aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in both kinds of muscles varied with respect to most of the amino acids.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of endometriosis
Authors: Chegina D. S. , Sergienya O. V. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Trufanov G. E. , Zazerskaya I. E. , Zubareva T. M. , Tsnobiladze I. G.
Published: January 2020

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, which has a negative effect on the women’s life quality and is one of the main causes of infertility. The early and preсise desease detection is essential to prevent the possibility of sequelae. From instrumental methods for the diagnosis of endometriosis ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopy are currently used. MRI is the most informative non-invasive method in instrumental diagnosis of various forms of endometriosis. MRI of the pelvic organs has a high accuracy in the diagnosis of endometriosis and allows visualization of most endometriotic foci, including extraperitoneal, that allows you to properly plan treatment and prevent complications of the disease.
Senatorowie wobec spraw wyznaniowych na sejmie 1597 roku
Authors: Gałuszka Justyna
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia stosunek senatorów do spraw wyznaniowych na sejmie w 1597 r. Było to niezwykle burzliwe zgromadzenie, pierwsze po zawarciu unii brzeskiej (1596). Pokazuje duże poruszenie, jakie wywołał ów akt w wielonarodowym społeczeństwie Rzeczypospolitej polsko-litewskiej. Obrona prawosławia podczas obrad sejmu przez protestantów ukazywała również sojusz między dysydentami. W jego dziejach analizowany przeze mnie sejm zajmuje miejsce szczególne, po raz pierwszy bowiem na jego forum doszło do współpracy między prawosławnymi a protestantami w obronie konfederacji warszawskiej zawartej w 1573 r. Nie było to przypadkowe i doraźne łączenie sił w momencie zagrożenia swobód wyznaniowych, ale długofalowa i dobrze przemyślana strategia, obejmująca pełen wachlarz działań.
PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM PENGAWASAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI LINGKUNGAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Arif Saiful
Published: January 2020

The study describes the management of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency.  There are three problems to be focus of this study, they are (1) how is arrangement of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency.  (2) how is the implementation of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency? (3) how is evaluation of the implementation of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency? To investigate those problems, this study makes use of qualitative approach with descriptive analysis paradigm.  The techniques of collecting data are in the form of structured interview,participant observation and documentation analysis.  Meanwhile, checking the validity of data is conducted through extention of participation, meticulous observation, triangulation and peer checking.
KUALITAS PROGRAM PERSIAPAN GURU TUGAS DI PONDOK PESANTREN MAMBAUL ULUM BATA-BATA PANAAN PALENGAAN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Solichin Muchlis , Hafidz Moh. , Mubah Hilmi Qosim
Published: January 2020

The assignment teacher is a santri who has fulfilled some criteria who are ready to serve, are deployed and sent to various institutions. This is a program from the Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Pamekasan Islamic boarding school. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive types. The advantages of the task teacher preparation program are: a) The use of integrated curriculum, b) the applied curriculum has the support of boarding school caretakers, c) the term M2 appears in order to coordinate prospective task teachers, d) there is a regional or block program, e) background the education of educators is arranged according to the field, f) the results of quality improvement in the form of the application and development of an existing curriculum, g) the development and improvement of quality at the Mambaul Ulum boarding school in Bata-Bata is carried out continuously and continuously. The obstacles faced by Islamic boarding schools in implementing the teacher preparation program are: a) the lack of skill and creativity of the teacher or educator in presenting the program, b) the pesantren programs are running less optimally due to minimal student interest in learning, c) programs implemented and implemented are less varied due to minimal facilities and finances.
Tájváltozás, tájhasználat és az ideális méhlegelő dél-dunántúli méhészek szemével
Authors: Arany Ildikó , Czúcz Bálint , Csonka Imre , Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó , Molnár Zsolt
Published: January 2020

Milyen az ideális méhlegelő táj? Milyen ehhez képest a jelenlegi helyzet, hogyan lehetne azt jobbá tenni, és mindez milyen természetvédelmi következményekkel járna? Erről kérdeztünk meg 129 méhészt a 2015-ös Dunántúli Regionális Méhésztalálkozón, Kaposváron. A fő bevételi forrást adó szántóföldi kultúrákon és erdőkön túl a válaszadók többsége kiemelten fontosnak tartotta a vadvirágok sokféleségét fenntartó változatos élőhelyek szerepét a méhcsaládok egészséges önfenntartásához. A méhészek néhány konkrét kezelési javaslatot is megfogalmaztak a méhlegelő értékének javítása érdekében, pl. természetközeli élőhelyek helyreállítását, méhlegelő fajok tudatos vetését és a szántók zöldítését. A javasolt kezelések egy része nemcsak méhészeti, hanem természetvédelmi szempontból is kedvező hatású lehet, mert elősegíti a faji és élőhelyi szintű diverzitást mind a háziméhek, mind a vad beporzó rovarok számára.
Dolmányos varjak (Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758) szárnybilétás jelölése Debrecenben
Authors: Paládi Petra , Tóth Dávid , Lengyel Szabolcs , Juhász Lajos , Kövér László
Published: January 2020

A Debreceni Egyetem Mezőgazdaság-, Élelmiszertudományi és Környezetgazdálkodási Kar Természetvédelmi Állattani és Vadgazdálkodási Tanszéke 2006 óta foglalkozik városi környezetben előforduló varjúfélékkel, kiemelt figyelmet fordítva a dolmányos varjúra (Corvus cornix L. 1758), amely jelentős állománynövekedése számos problémát okoz mind a városi madárfauna (pl. fészekfosztogatás), mind a lakosság szempontjából (zajongás, rongálás, agresszió). Mindezek tükrében elképzelhető, hogy a jövőben szükségessé válhat városi állományszabályozásuk, amelyre megoldást különböző élvefogó ládacsapdák alkalmazása jelenthet. A Tanszéken 2016 novemberében elindult egy csapdázási kísérlet, melynek célja egyrészt a varjúfélék esetében releváns csapdatípusok (létrás csapda, Larsen csapda, svéd csapda) hatékonyságának vizsgálata, másrészt a csapdázás során befogott madarak egyedileg történő megjelölése, majd nyomon követése volt. Utóbbi célja, hogy többet megtudjunk a varjak városon belüli mozgásáról, területhűségéről, túléléséről. A dolmányos varjak esetében a jelölés egyedi sorszámmal ellátott szárnybilétákkal történt. A bilétákat a szárny patagium részébe rögzítettük juhoknál alkalmazott füljelző krotáliák segítségével. A több mint 100 csapdanap alatt 28 dolmányos varjat fogtunk, továbbá jelentős számú vetési varjú (Corvus frugilegus L. 1758) is a csapdáinkba került. A 28 jelölt dolmányos varjú közül novembertől márciusig terjedő időszakban 26 egyedről több mint 250 visszajelzést kaptunk. Előzetes eredményeink alapján a dolmányos varjak területhűek, mivel az észlelések szinte minden esetben a gyűrűzés helyének közvetlen környezetéből származtak. A legtávolabbi visszajelzés 4 km-ről érkezett. A jelölt varjak gyakran tűnnek fel csoportosan, volt rá példa, hogy 16 szárnybilétás egyed egy időben tartózkodott egy helyen. A szárnybilétás jelölés hatékonynak bizonyul, mivel a bilétás egyedek nagyobb távolságról is könnyen észrevehetők, szemben a csak színes gyűrűvel jelölt madarakkal.
A Biharugrai halastórendszer ökoszisztéma szolgáltatásai a helyiek szemszögéből – többszempontú szocio-kulturális értékelés
Authors: Palásti Péter , Kerepeczki Éva
Published: January 2020

A nagy folyószabályozások mellékhatásaként természetes vizes élőhelyeink kiterjedése, illetve az általuk nyújtott ökoszisztéma szolgáltatások mennyisége és minősége radikálisan lecsökkent. Szerepüket a Biharugrai-halastavakhoz hasonló természetközeli élőhelyek részben pótolhatják, ami miatt hosszútávú hasznosításuk fontos kérdés. Célunk, hogy támogassuk halastavaink fenntartható használatát, azok szolgáltatásainak összegyűjtésével és szocio-kulturális értékelésével valamint, hogy új módszereket alakítsunk ki a szolgáltatások rangsorba állítására. Vizsgálataink során 10 helyi kulcsinformátorral végeztünk strukturált interjúkat a Biharugrai tavak szolgáltatásainak összegyűjtésére majd az így kapott lista alapján szocio-kulturális felmérést készítettünk 3 közeli településen azok fontossági sorrendjének megállapítására egy hazai viszonylatban új, általunk kialakított módszer felhasználásával. Eredményeink között 14 feltárt szolgáltatás szerepel, melyek közül a helyiek a haltermelést, a rekreációt és a faji sokszínűséget sorolták az első három helyre. További, elsősorban a demográfiai tényezők hatásával, a vizsgálandó települések kiválasztásával és az általunk használt módszer előnyeivel kapcsolatos eredményeinkkel korábbi, hazai vizsgálatok megállapításait és eljárásait egészítettük ki.
Szabad és pásztoroló legeltetés intenzitásfüggő hatásai szikes vegetációban
Authors: Tóth Edina
Published: January 2020

A vizsgálatban hortobágyi rövid füvű szikes gyepekben vizsgáltam a legeltetés növényzetre gyakorolt hatásait. A mintaterületeket egyrészt pásztoroló magyar szürke szarvasmarha legeltetéssel kezelték (0,5–2,5 ÁE/ha), továbbá vizsgáltunk szabadon legeltetett (0,1 ÁE/ha) és túllegelt gyepterületeket (4 ÁE/ha) is. Kérdésem a következő volt: (i) Hogyan változik növekvő legelési intenzitás mellett a gyepek fajgazdagsága, funkcionális diverzitása és egyenletessége? Eredményeink szerint a legelési intenzitás nem volt szignifikáns hatással a fajgazdagságra; míg a Shannon diverzitás, az egyenletesség illetve a célfajok borítási értékei közepes legelési intenzitás mellett voltak a legmagasabbak. A legmagasabb Rao-féle kvadratikus diverzitási értékeket alacsony intenzitású, szabad legeltetés mellett kaptuk. Eredményeink alapján látható, hogy nagy funkcionális diverzitás eléréséhez az alacsony intenzitású legeltetés javasolt, azonban a nagy diverzitás és egyenletesség, valamint a célfajok magas borításának eléréséhez, a közepes legelési intenzitás szükséges.
Erdei orchideák és föld alatti gombák felvételezése és együttes előfordulásának vizsgálata a Kárpát-medence területén
Authors: Bóna Lilla , Merényi Zsolt , Bratek Zoltán
Published: January 2020

Az Orchidaceae család veszélyeztetett fajokban bővelkedik, emiatt természetvédelmi szempontból jelentős. Továbbá tagjai számos élőlénnyel élnek szoros kapcsolatban, így a természetvédelem feladata mind a szimbionta organizmusok, mind az orchideák élőhelyeinek védelme. Munkánk során hazai erdei orchideák és föld alatt termőtestet képző gombák egy élőhelyen történő előfordulásának összefüggéseit vizsgáltuk, ugyanis terepi tapasztalataink alapján ezek az élőlények gyakran egy élettérben találhatók. Az együttes előfordulást gyakorisági és együtt-előfordulási („cooccurence”) vizsgálatokkal végeztük. Eredményeink alapján, erdei orchideás élőhelyeken leggyakrabban a valódi szarvasgombák (Tuber spp.), azon belül a nyári szarvasgomba (Tuber aestivum) fordul elő a vizsgált föld alatti gombák közül, míg a „co-occurence” vizsgálatok hat orchidea-föld alatti gombafaj együttes előfordulásának pozitív kapcsolatát mutatták. Az egy élőhelyen történő előfordulás felhívja a figyelmet a törvényileg előírt szarvasgomba gyűjtési szabályok betartásának a fontosságára, mellyel az orchideák védelme mellett a talajt behálózó gomba micélium védelme is valóra válhat.
A farmosi békamentés eredményei 2007–2016
Authors: Bozóki Balázs , Antalicz Csaba
Published: January 2020

A Pest megyei Farmos határában 2004 óta zajlik a kétéltűmentési akció, a közúti gázolások csökkentése érdekében. A kétéltűek telelő- és szaporodóhelyét a 311-es műút választja el, óriási veszélynek kitéve a tavasszal nagy tömegben vonuló állatokat. A Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság munkatársai több mint 10 éve szervezik a mentést önkéntesek bevonásával, mely egyben számos adatot szolgáltat az itt élő kétéltű populációk monitorozásához. Az egy évtizedes munka során 348 491 kétéltűt gyűjtöttünk be terelőkerítés és vödörcsapdák segítségével és vittünk át az út túloldalára, többségében barna ásóbékákat (97 %).
Visszatértek a hódok – áldás vagy átok?
Authors: Czabán Dávid , Gruber Tamás
Published: January 2020

Az eurázsiai hód (Castor fiber) őshonos faj, mely a XX. század elején majdnem kihalt, de a visszatelepítési programok hatására mára újra meghódította az eredeti elterjedési területét. Magyarországon az 1980-as évek végén jelent meg újra, a Szigetközben, ausztriai telepítések nyomán. A WWF Magyarország 1996–2008 között 234 példányt engedett szabadon. 2007-ben a hazai állományt 500 egyedre, 2011-ben 718–905 közé becsülték. 2015-ben már 2500–3000, 2017-ben pedig legalább 4000 egyed él hazánkban. Bár nincsenek rendszeres, az egész ország területére kiterjedő felmérési adataink, nagy valószínűséggel ma már Magyarország teljes területén jelen vannak a hódok. Egyre gyakrabban jelennek meg az emberi környezetben, de komolyabb konfliktusok főleg a FHNP területéről ismertek. Az ember után a második leginkább tájátalakító faj, tevékenységének hatása egyaránt lehet pozitív és negatív. A legfontosabb konfliktus pontok: (1) a fadöntéssel jelentős gazdasági kárt okozhatnak, (2) az üregásással a gátakat és a töltéseket meggyengíthetik, valamint (3) a hódgátak árvíz- és belvízveszélyt okozhatnak. Léteznek hatékony megoldások, melyeket tesztelni kellene a hazai viszonyok között. Sürgető lenne egy fajkezelési terv elkészítése. Csehországi mintára egy hármas zónarendszer kidolgozása javasolt: az elsőben („A” Zóna) a hódok zavartalanul élhetnek, a másodikban korlátozottan gyéríthetők („B” Zóna) és a harmadikban pedig az ott megjelenő egyedek haladéktalanul eltávolíthatók („C” Zóna).
A legelés léptékfüggő hatásai szikes- és homoki gyepek fajgazdagságára
Authors: Godó Laura
Published: January 2020

Az extenzíven kezelt legelőknek jelentős szerepe van a gyepi biodiverzitás fenntartásában. Vizsgálatunkban a legelés léptékfüggő hatásait vizsgáltuk két szikes és egy homoki gyepi közösség fajgazdagságára és fajösszetételére. Gyeptípusonként öt extenzíven legelt és öt kezeletlen mintavételi helyen, egymásba ágyazott kvadrátok sorozatával mértük fel a növényzetet. Kimutattuk, hogy a legelés hatása eltérő a homoki és a szikes gyeptípusokban, és kis léptékben is jelentősen befolyásolja a fajgazdagságot. A szikes gyepekben a fajgazdagság kezeléstől függetlenül nőtt a kvadrátméretek növekedésével, illetve magasabb volt a legeltetett területeken. A specialista fajok száma is a legeltetett területeken volt magasabb. A homoki gyepekben a specialisták fajgazdagsága jelentősen lecsökkent, a gyomoké megnőtt a legelés hatására. Eredményeinkre alapozva, a közepes intenzitású, tradicionális legeltetés alkalmas lehet a szikes gyepek fajgazdagságának megőrzésére,míg a homoki gyepekben a kevésbé intenzív vagy rövidebb időtartamú legeltetést javasoljuk.
Determinação do indivíduo referência de um restaurante universitário da cidade do Salvador – Bahia
Authors: Santos Elane Barbosa , Fonseca Maria da Conceição Pereira da , Silva Lisanah Rufino da , Assis Bruno Santos de , Lira Carlos Rodrigo Nascimento de
Published: January 2020

O trabalho visa a definição do indivíduo referência e as necessidades nutricionais de calorias e macronutrientes de estudantes de uma universidade pública federal. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 67 (8,4%) estudantes de ambos os sexos sorteados considerando um universo de 800 usuários, bolsistas, com mais de 18 anos que frequentavam ao menos três vezes por semana o Restaurante Universitário. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre os meses fevereiro e março de 2016, por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado para obtenção de informações socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e atividade física; e avaliação antropométrica do estado nutricional com aferições das medidas: peso, altura, pregas cutâneas e circunferência da cintura e cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal, com adoção dos critérios de classificação proposto da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Foram elaboradas análises de frequência, média, t-teste e Qui-quadrado. Constatou-se que o indivíduo referência do estudo são adultos jovens com massa corporal classificada como normal e insuficientemente ativos, com hábitos alimentares inadequados. A recomendação de valor energético total foi de 2.181 calorias, sendo 436,20 calorias para desjejum, 763,35 calorias para almoço e 654,30 calorias para jantar, em ambos os sexos.
ANALISIS BURDEN OF DISEASE HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Utari Atika Binti , Nurul Rochmah Thinni
Published: January 2020

The incidence of hypertension is the highest non-communicable disease in Kediri in 2016. The prevalence of hypertension in Kediri reaches 27.9. This situation even exceeds the prevalence rate in East Java (26.2). This study aims to calculate the value of economic losses caused by hypertension sufferers in Kediri. This research is a quantitative research with the cross-sectional method. The primary data collection was done by interviewing 100 hypertension sufferers. The results show that the direct medical cost incurred by patients due to hypertension is IDR 563,360  per capita. Meanwhile, the indirect costs to be incurred by patients during suffering hypertension reach IDR 789,272 per capita. Disability-Adjusted Life Years or years lost due to premature death and disability caused by hypertension disease in Kediri regency amount  to 189,915 years. Consequently, the Burden of disease value obtained due to hypertension in Kediri District is IDR 330,882,930,485. It can be concluded that the economic burden caused by hypertension is significantly high. The indirect costs incurred by the patients are greater than the direct costs. Therefore, it is recommended to intensify the dissemination and preventive efforts to decrease the incidence of hypertension.
Modification Tests to Optimize the Highways Construction in Crown of Slate Random Embankments with the Compaction Quality Control
Authors: Teijón-López-Zuazo Evelio , Vega-Zamanillo Angel , Calzada- Pérez Miguel Ángel , Ramos-Pereira Luis Damián
Published: January 2020

Particle size can pose a challenge to random embankment compaction control methods, where practical techniques have hardly been developed and procedural control is used instead. In order to develop new quality control procedures for slate random fill, the necessary fieldwork and laboratory tests were carried out. This involved the revision of certain methods such as the wheel-tracking or topographic settlement tests. More than six hundred in-situ density and moisture content measurements were carried out for this research. In addition, more three hundred topographic settlements and three hundred wheel-tracking carriage tests were performed. The quality control processes were completed with more than thirty plate bearing tests. Possible evidence of statistical correlations between compaction control tests were identified. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. When testing proved relationships between them, the replacement of one of them by the other was assessed by deduction. Finally, the study suggests new procedures for compaction quality control of random slate fill used in crown area.
Geochemical, Mineralogical and Morphological Characterisation of Road Dust and Associated Health Risks
Authors: Candeias Carla , Vicente Estela , Tomé Mário , Rocha Fernando , Ávila Paula , Celia Alves
Published: January 2020

Road dust resuspension, especially the particulate matter fraction below 10 µm (PM10), is one of the main air quality management challenges in Europe. Road dust samples were collected from representative streets (suburban and urban) of the city of Viana do Castelo, Portugal. PM10 emission factors (mg veh-1 km-1) ranging from 49 (asphalt) to 330 (cobble stone) were estimated by means of the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency method. Two road dust fractions (< 0.074 mm and from 0.0074 to 1 mm) were characterised for their geochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties. In urban streets, road dusts reveal the contribution from traffic emissions, with higher concentrations of e.g. Cu, Zn, and Pb. In the suburban area, agriculture practices likely contributed to As concentrations of 180 mg kg-1 in the finest road dust fraction. Samples are primarily composed of quartz, but also of muscovite, albite, kaolinite, microcline, Fe-enstatite, graphite and amorphous content. Particle morphology clearly shows the link with natural and traffic related materials, with well-formed minerals and irregular aggregates. The hazard quotient suggests a probability to induce non-carcinogenic adverse health effects in children by ingestion of Zr. Arsenic in the suburban street represents a human health risk of 1.58 x 10-4.
Feedstock Recycling of Rubber – A Review on Devulcanization Technologies
Authors: Wintersteller Richard , Markl Erich , Lackner Maximilian
Published: January 2020

Vulcanized Rubber, as elastomer, is difficult to recycle. Today, the main end of life routes of tyres and other rubber products are landfilling, incineration in e.g. cement plants, and grinding to a fine powder, with huge quantities lacking sustainable recycling of this valuable material. Devulcanization, i.e. the breaking up of sulfur bonds by chemical, thermo-physical or biological means, is a promising route that has been investigated for more than 50 years. This review article presents and update on the state-of-the art in rubber devulcanization. This review article addresses established devulcanization technologies and novel processes described in the scientific and patent literatures. It is expected that the public discussion of environmental impacts of thermoplastics will soon spill over to thermosets and elastomers. Therefore, the industry needs to develop and market solutions proactively. Tyre recycling through devulcanization has a huge lever, since approx. 30 million tons of tyres are discarded annually.
Multiscale Modeling of Composite Materials with DECM Approach: Shape Effect of Inclusions
Authors: Ferretti Elena
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses the study of the stress field in composites continua with the multiscale approach of the DECM (Discrete Element modeling with the Cell Method). The analysis focuses on composites consisting of a matrix with inclusions of various shapes, to investigate whether and how the shape of the inclusions changes the stress field. The purpose is to provide a numerical explanation for some of the main failure mechanisms of concrete, which is precisely a composite consisting of a cement-based matrix and aggregates of various shapes. Actually, while extensive experimental campaigns detailed the shape effect of concrete aggregates in the past, so far it has not been possible to model the stress field within the inclusions and on the interfaces accurately. The reason for this lies in the limits of the differential formulation, which is the basis of the most commonly used numerical methods. The Cell Method (CM), on the contrary, is an algebraic method that provides descriptions up to the micro-scale, independently of the presence of rheological discontinuities or concentrated sources. This makes the CM useful for describing the shape effect of the inclusions, on the micro-scale. When used together with a multiscale approach, it also models the macro-scale behavior of periodic composite continua, without losing accuracy on the micro-scale. The DECM uses discrete elements precisely to provide the CM with a multiscale approach.
Wave and Hydrodynamic Processes in the Vicinity of a Rubble-mound, Permeable, Zero-freeboard Breakwater
Authors: Koutrouveli Theofano , Dimas Athanassios
Published: January 2020

A numerical study for the effect of crest width, breaking parameter and trunk permeability on hydrodynamics and flow behavior in the vicinity of rubble-mound, permeable, zero-freeboard breakwaters (ZFBs) is presented. The modified two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase flows in porous media with a Smagorinsky model for the subgrid scale stresses were solved numerically. An immersed-boundary/level-set method was used. The numerical model was validated for the cases of wave propagation over a submerged impermeable trapezoidal bar and over a low-crested permeable breakwater. Five cases of breakwaters were examined, and the main results are: (a) The size of the crest width, B, does not notably affect the wave reflection, vorticity and currents in the seaward region of ZFBs, while wave transmission, currents in the leeward side, and mean overtopping discharge, all decrease with increasing B. A non-monotonic behavior of the wave setup is also observed. (b) As the breaking parameter decreases, wave reflection, transmission, currents, mean overtopping discharge, and wave setup decrease. This observation is also verified by relevant empirical formulas. (c) As the ZFB trunk permeability decreases, an increase of the wave reflection, currents, wave setup, and a decrease of wave transmission and mean overtopping discharge is observed.
Evaluation of Process Parameters for Fiber Alignment of Electrospun Tubular Nanofibrous Matrices: A DoE Approach
Authors: Dorati Rossella , Chiesa Enrica , Pisani Silvia , Genta Ida , Modena Tiziana , Bruni Giovanna , Brambilla Chiara Maria , Benazzo Marco , Conti Bice
Published: January 2020

Electrospinning is known to be an effective and straightforward technique to fabricate polymer non woven matrices made of nano and microfibers. Micro patterned morphology of electrospun matrices results to be outmost advantageous in the biomedical field, since it is able to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM), and favors cell adhesion and proliferation. Controlling electrospun fibers alignment is crucial for the regenerative purposes of certain tissues, such as neuronal and vascular. In this study we investigated the impact of electrospinning process parameters on fiber alignment in tubular nanofibrous matrices made of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLA-PCL); a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach is here proposed in order to statistically set up the process parameters. The DoE was studied keeping constants the previously set material and environmental parameters; voltage, flow rate and mandrel rotating speed were the process parameters here investigated as variables. Orientation analysis was based on ImageJ and plugin Orientation J analysis of SEM images. The results show that voltage combined with flow rate has significant impact on electrospun fiber orientation, and the greatest orientation is achieved when all the three input parameters (voltage, flow rate and mandrel rotation speed) are at their maximum value.
1H-Imidazole-2,5-Dicarboxamides as NS4A Peptidomimetics: Identification of a New Venue to Inhibit HCV-NS3 Protease
Authors: Omar Abdelsattar M. , Elfaky Mahmoud A. , Arold Stefan T. , Soror Sameh H. , Khayat Maan T. , Asfour Hani Z. , Bamane Faida H. , El-Araby Moustafa E.
Published: January 2020

The non-structural protein NS3/4A protease is a critical factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) maturation that requires activation by NS4A. Synthetic peptide mutants of NS4A were found to inhibit NS3 function. The bridging from peptide inhibitors to heterocyclic peptidomimetics of NS4A has not been in consideration in literature, and therefore, we decided to explore this strategy to develop a new class of NS3 inhibitors. In this report, a structure-based design approach was used to convert the bound form of NS4A into 1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide derivatives as first generation peptidomimetics. This scaffold mimics the buried amino acid sequence Ile-25` to Arg-28` at the core of NS4A21`-33` needed to activate the NS3 protease. Some of the synthesized MOC compounds were able to compete with and displace NS4A21`-33` for binding to NS3. For instance, N5-(4-guanidinobutyl)-N2-(n-hexyl)-1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide (MOC-24) inhibited the binding of NS4A21`-33` with a competition IC50 of 1.9 ± 0.12 µM in a fluorescence anisotropy assay, stabilized the denaturation of NS3 by increasing the aggregation temperature by ΔTagg 0.6 ± 0.140 ℃. MOC-24 also inhibited NS3 protease activity in a fluorometric assay. Molecular dynamics simulations rationalized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) differences between the active MOC-24 and the inactive MOC-26. Our data shows that MOC compounds are possibly the first examples of NS4A peptidomimetics that demonstrated promising activities against NS3 proteins.
Increased Oxidative Stress Toxicity and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Associations with Psychiatric Comorbidities
Authors: Maes Michael , Supasitthumrong Thitiporn , Limotai Chusak , Michelin Ana Paula , Matsumoto Andressa Keiko , Semeão Laura de Oliveira , Pedrão João Victor de Lima , Moreira Estefania G. , Carvalho Andre , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Barbosa Decio , Kanchanatawan Buranee
Published: January 2020

Oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX), as well as lowered antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX), play a role in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Nevertheless, the associations between OSTOX/ANTIOX and psychiatric comorbidities in TLE are largely unknown.Thus, this study examines plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in Depression due to TLE (n=25); Anxiety Disorders due to TLE (n=27); Psychotic Disorder due to TLE (n=25); “pure TLE” (n=27); and healthy controls (n=40).TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) were characterized by significant increases in OSTOX (MDA, AOPP, LOOH) and lowered ANTIOX (-SH groups, TRAP). The discrimination of pure TLE from controls yielded a significant area under the ROC curve for MDA (0.999), AOPP (0.851), -SH groups (0.899) and the OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio (0.996). Seizure frequency is significantly associated with increased MDA and lowered LOOH and NOx levels. Increased MDA was associated with the severity of depressive and physiosomatic symptoms, whilst increased AOPP levels predicted suicidal ideation. Depression and anxiety disorders co-occurring with TLE showed significantly lower MDA levels than TLE without any comorbidities. The psychotic and negative symptoms of TLE are associated with increased MDA levels and excitation with increased LOOH and lowered TRAP levels.These results indicate that oxidative stress toxicity especially protein oxidation and aldehyde formation coupled with lowered -SH groups play a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE/MTS. Increased aldehyde formation also impacts psychopathology, psychosis, as well as negative and depressive symptoms.
Adversarial Learning Based Semantic Correlation Representation for Cross-Modal Retrieval
Authors: Zhu Lei , Song Jiayu , Wei Xiangxiang , Jun Long
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of Internet and the widely usage of smart devices, massive multimedia data are generated, collected, stored and shared on the Internet. This trend makes cross-modal retrieval problem become a hot issue in this years. Many existing works pay attentions on correlation learning to generate a common subspace for cross-modal correlation measurement, and others uses adversarial learning technique to abate the heterogeneity of multi-modal data. However, very few works combine correlation learning and adversarial learning to bridge the inter-modal semantic gap and diminish cross-modal heterogeneity. This paper propose a novel cross-modal retrieval method, named ALSCOR, which is an end-to-end framework to integrate cross-modal representation learning, correlation learning and adversarial. CCA model, accompanied by two representation model, VisNet and TxtNet is proposed to capture non-linear correlation. Beside, intra-modal classifier and modality classifier are used to learn intra-modal discrimination and minimize the inter-modal heterogeneity. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed ALSCOR has better performance than the state-of-the-arts.
Suppression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha by Long-Term Infection of Hepatitis B Virus Contributes to Tumor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Park Soree , Ha Yea Na , Dezhbord Mehrangiz , Lee Ah Ram , Park Eun-Sook , Park Yong Kwang , Won Juhee , Kim Na Yeon , Choo Soo Yeun , Shin Jae Jin , Ahn Chang Hyun , Kim Kyun-Hwan
Published: January 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor in development of various liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among HBV encoded proteins, HBV X protein (HBx) is known to play key role in development of HCC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear transcription factor which is critical for hepatocyte differentiation. However, the expression level as well as its regulatory mechanism in HBV infection have yet to be clarified. Here, we observed the suppression of HNF4α in cells which stably express HBV whole genome or HBx protein alone, while transient transfection of HBV replicon or HBx plasmid had no effect on the HNF4α level. Importantly, in the stable HBV- or HBx-expressing hepatocytes, the downregulated level of HNF4α was restored by inhibiting ERK signaling pathway. Our data showed that HNF4α was suppressed during long-term HBV infection in cultured HepG2-NTCP cells as well as in mouse model following hydrodynamic injection of pAAV-HBV or in mice intravenously infected with rAAV-HBV. Importantly, HNF4α downregulation increased cell proliferation which contributed to the formation and development of tumor in xenograft nude mice. The data presented here provided several proofs for the effect of HBV infection in manipulating HNF4α regulatory pathway in HCC development.
Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of These Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion
Authors: Freeman Tracey L. , Swartz Talia H.
Published: January 2020

Purinergic receptors are inflammatory mediators activated by extracellular nucleotides released by dying or injured cells. Several studies have described an important role for these receptors in HIV-1 entry, particularly regarding their activity on HIV-1 viral membrane fusion. Several reports identify purinergic receptor antagonists that inhibit HIV-1 membrane fusion; these drugs are suspected to act through antagonizing Env-chemokine receptor interactions. They also appear to abrogate activity of downstream mediators that potentiate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Here we review the literature on purinergic receptors, the drugs that inhibit their function, and the evidence implicating these receptors in HIV-1 entry.
Plasma Spectroscopic Study of Dergaon Meteorite, India
Authors: Rai Abhishek K. , Pati Jayanta K. , Parigger Christian G. , Dubey Sonali , Rai Awadhesh K. , Bhagabaty B. , Mazumdar A. C. , Duorah K.
Published: January 2020

Meteorites represent the recoverable portions of asteroids occurring between Mars and Jupiter within the solar system that reach the surface of the Earth. Meteorites are rare extraterrestrial objects studied extensively to improve understanding of planetary evolution. In this work, calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) evaluates quantitative elemental and molecular analysis of the Dergaon meteorite, an H 4-5 chondrite fall sample, Assam, India. Spectral signatures of H, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ir, are measured. Along with the atomic emission, this work reports as well molecular emission from FeO molecules. The concentration of the measured elements obtained using CF-LIBS are in close agreement with earlier reports. The elements H, N and O and their concentrations are estimated using CF-LIBS for the first time. This study applies laser spectroscopy to establish presence of Ni, Cr, Co, and Ir in meteorites. Elemental analysis forms the basis for establishment of potential molecular composition of the Dergaon meteorite. Moreover, the elemental analysis approach bodes well for in-situ analyses of extraterrestrial objects including applications in planetary rover missions.
Predictive Modeling the Free Hydraulic Jumps Pressure through Advanced Statistical Methods
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Nasrollah , Júnior Renato Steinke , Teixeira Eder Daniel , Bocchiola Daniele , Nabipour Narjes , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin
Published: January 2020

Pressure fluctuations beneath hydraulic jumps downstream of Ogee spillways potentially damage stilling basin beds. This paper deals with the extreme pressures underneath free hydraulic jumps along a smooth stilling basin. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume. From the probability distribution of measured instantaneous pressures, the pressures with different non-exceedance probabilities (P*a%) could be determined. It was verified that the maximum pressure fluctuations, as well as the negative pressures, are located at the positions closest to the spillway toe. The minimum pressure fluctuations are located at the downstream of hydraulic jumps. It was possible to assess the cumulative curves of P*a% related to the characteristic points along the basin, and different Froude numbers. To benchmark, the results, the dimensionless forms of mean pressures, standard deviations, and pressures with different non-exceedance probabilities were assessed. It was found that an existing methodology can be used to interpret the present data, and pressure distribution in similar conditions, by using a new third-order polynomial relationship for the standard deviation (σ*X) with the determination coefficient (R2) equal to 0.717. It was verified that the new optimized adjustment gives more accurate results for the estimation of the maximum extreme pressures than the minimum extreme pressures.
Prediction of Discharge Capacity of Labyrinth Weir with Gene Expression Programming
Authors: Bonakdari Hossein , Ebtehaj Isa , Gharabaghi Bahram , Sharifi Ali , Mosavi Amir
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a model based on gene expression programming for predicting discharge coefficient of triangular labyrinth weirs. The parameters influencing discharge coefficient prediction were first examined and presented as crest height ratio to the head over the crest of the weir (p/y), crest length of water to channel width (L/W), crest length of water to the head over the crest of the weir (L/y), Froude number (F=V/√(gy)) and vertex angle () dimensionless parameters. Different models were then presented using sensitivity analysis in order to examine each of the dimensionless parameters presented in this study. In addition, an equation was presented through the use of nonlinear regression (NLR) for the purpose of comparison with GEP. The results of the studies conducted by using different statistical indexes indicated that GEP is more capable than NLR. This is to the extent that GEP predicts the discharge coefficient with an average relative error of approximately 2.5% in such a manner that the predicted values have less than 5% relative error in the worst model.
Color for the Perceptual Organization of the Pictorial Plane: Victor Vasarely’s Legacy
Authors: Dresp-Langley Birgitta , Reeves Adam
Published: January 2020

Victor Vasarely’s (1906-1997) important legacy to the study of human perception is brought to the forefront and discussed. A large part of his impressive work conveys the appearance of striking three-dimensional shapes and structures in a large-scale pictorial plane. Current perception science explains such effects by invoking brain mechanisms for the processing of monocular (2D) depth cues. Here in this study, we illustrate and explain the local effects of 2D color and contrast cues on the perceptual organization in terms of figure-ground assignments, i.e. which local surfaces are likely to be seen as “nearer” or “bigger” in the image plane. Paired configurations are embedded in a larger, structurally ambivalent pictorial context inspired by some of Vasarely’s creations. The figure-ground effects these configurations produce reveal a significant correlation between perceptual solutions for “nearer” and “bigger” when no other monocular depth cues are given in the image. In consistency with previous findings on similar, albeit simpler visual displays, a specific color may compete with luminance contrast in resolving the planar ambiguity of a complex pattern context. Vasarely intuitively understood, and successfully exploited, this kind of subtle context effect in his art, well before empirical investigations had set out to study and explain their genesis in terms of information processing by the visual brain.