bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiari I Malformation Associated with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Harsha Kamble Jayaprakash , Nair Jeevan S.
Published: April 2017

Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disease due to the absence of one X chromosome. Patients with TS have more subtle neurological/neuropsychiatric problems, while headache is an uncommon clinical presentation which needs attention. We report a 12-year-old child presenting with typical cough headache. Her magnetic resonance imaging revealed Chiari I malformation associated with TS. To the best of our knowledge, Chiari I malformation associated with TS is not described in literature. We report the first case of TS associated with Chiari I malformation. Interestingly, Chiari I malformation is also associated with Noonan’s syndrome, which is a close morphological mimicker of TS, raising the possibility of sharing similar pathogenesis in both conditions.
Guillain–Barre Syndrome following Tuberculosis: A Rare Association
Authors: Lakhotia Akshay Navalkishor , Chouksey Dinesh , Jain Rahul , Sodani Ajoy Kumar
Published: April 2017

The co-occurrence of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) and tuberculosis is rare. Even in countries like India, where tuberculosis is common, there is only one case report of co-occurrence of GBS with tuberculosis. We report a case of GBS in association with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The earliest treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin in acute motor axonal neuropathy variant of GBS would show good early recovery despite associated pulmonary tuberculosis.
Platelet Serotonin Level and Impulsivity in Human Self-destructive Behavior: A Biological and Psychological Study
Authors: Dutta S. Era , Gupta Sriniwas , Raju M. S. V. K. , Kumar Abhishek , Pawar Alka
Published: April 2017

Context: Suicide is a disease and a global public health problem. Suicidology has come to become a topic of study for intervention and research. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) system has remained a prime area of investigation. The neurons and platelets display structural and functional similarities. Ninety-nine percent of 5HT is contained in platelets, which shares similar 5HT uptake and release mechanisms with 5HT neurons. Aims: This study aims to study human self-destructive behavior (HSDB). Objectives: Exploring the biological (serotonin levels in platelets) and psychological aspects (impulsivity) of attempted suicide or HSDB. Settings and Design: Thirty-one patients, above the age of 18 years, with a recent history of HSDB, were studied and given an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis, after a detailed interview. Subjects and Methods: For the platelet 5HT estimation, blood samples were collected, and enzyme immunometric assay carried out. Detailed assessment of the impulsivity was done by the 25-item structured diagnostic interview for borderlines by Zanarini et al. Statistical Analysis Used: We obtained both categorical and continuous data. Chi-square test, Fisher's test, Student's t-test, and Pearson's product moment correlation were used. Results: Female subjects outnumbered males by 2:1. Major depression, adjustment disorder, personality disorder were predominant diagnoses. The mean platelet serotonin concentration for males = 57.3 ng/ml, that of females = 56.05 ng/ml (P > 0.05). Platelet 5HT levels were found to be negatively correlated with impulsivity scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Platelet serotonin levels in our study sample were quite low when compared with those reported in published literature. Low serotonin levels were inversely related to impulsivity, but only in males.
Advanced Age and Higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score as Predictors of Poor Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Alteplase: A Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Rural North-west India
Authors: Bhardwaj Amit , Sharma Girish , Raina Sunil Kumar , Sharma Ashish , Angra Monica
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke has been approved for treatment of acute stroke for past two decades. However, identification of predictors of poor outcome after the intravenous (IV) alteplase therapy in acute stroke patients is a matter of research. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying poor prognostic factors in patients of acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods: The data of 31 acute stroke patients treated with alteplase were gathered to identify the factors that were independent predictors of the poor outcome. Outcome was dichotomized using modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 3 months after treatment into good outcome mRS - 0–2 and poor outcome mRS - 3–6. Predictors of poor outcome were analyzed. Results: Good outcome (mRS – score 0–2) was seen in 15 (48.4%) patients with median age of (60) and poor outcome (mRS – score 3–6) was seen in 16 (51.6%) patients median age of 75 years, which was statistically significant with the P = 0.002. The presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol intake, history of stroke, coronary artery disease, and rheumatic heart disease among the two groups did not seem influence outcome. The severity of stroke as assessed by NIHSS score at the time of presentation was significantly higher among the patients with poor outcome, with P = 0.01. Conclusion: Advance age and higher NIHSS score at the time of onset of stroke and are the independent predictors of the poor outcome after thrombolysis with IV alteplase treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients.
Gendered economic policy making: the case of public expenditures on family allowances
Authors: Ozdamar Oznur
Published: April 2017

Parliament is the place where politicians make laws to set the policy direction of countries. Non-involvement of different voices such as gender, race and ethnicity in policy decisions may create an inequality in policy-making. Regarding gender, previous literature suggests that women and men may have different policy prefer- ences and women give more priority to policies related to their traditional roles as care givers to children in the family. Public spending on family allowances is one of the economic policies that plays an important role in helping families for childcare. This paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the relationship between female political representation and public spending on family allowances within a perspective of critical-mass framework.
Export of calcium carbonate corrosive waters from the East Siberian Sea
Authors: Anderson Leif G. , Ek Jörgen , Ericson Ylva , Humborg Christoph , Semiletov Igor , Sundbom Marcus , Ulfsbo Adam
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Siberian shelf seas are areas of extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter, both of marine and terrestrial origin. This in combination with brine production from sea ice formation results in a cold bottom water of relative high salinity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition compiled on the icebreaker Oden in July to September 2014 show the distribution of such waters at the outer shelf, as well as their export into the deep central Arctic basins. Very high pCO2 water, up to ∼ 1000 µatm, was observed associated with high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations. Consequently, this water had low saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate down to less than 0.8 for calcite and 0.5 for aragonite. Waters undersaturated in aragonite were also observed in the surface in waters at equilibrium with atmospheric CO2; however, at these conditions the cause of under-saturation was low salinity from river runoff and/or sea ice melt. The calcium carbonate corrosive water was observed all along the continental margin and well out into the deep Makarov and Canada basins at a depth from about 50 m depth in the west to about 150 m in the east. These waters of low aragonite saturation state are traced in historic data to the Canada Basin and in the waters flowing out of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland and in the western Fram Strait, thus potentially impacting the marine life in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Climate change impacts on Yangtze River discharge at the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Birkinshaw Steve J. , Guerreiro Selma B. , Nicholson Alex , Liang Qiuhua , Quinn Paul , Zhang Lili , He Bin , Yin Junxian , Fowler Hayley J.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Yangtze River basin is home to more than 400 million people and contributes to nearly half of China's food production. Therefore, planning for climate change impacts on water resource discharges is essential. We used a physically based distributed hydrological model, Shetran, to simulate discharge in the Yangtze River just below the Three Gorges Dam at Yichang (1 007 200 km2), obtaining an excellent match between simulated and measured daily discharge, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.95 for the calibration period (1996–2000) and 0.92 for the validation period (2001–2005). We then used a simple monthly delta change approach for 78 climate model projections (35 different general circulation models – GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to examine the effect of climate change on river discharge for 2041–2070 for Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Projected changes to the basin's annual precipitation varied between −3.6 and +14.8 % but increases in temperature and consequently evapotranspiration (calculated using the Thornthwaite equation) were projected by all CMIP5 models, resulting in projected changes in the basin's annual discharge from −29.8 to +16.0 %. These large differences were mainly due to the predicted expansion of the summer monsoon north and west into the Yangtze Basin in some CMIP5 models, e.g. CanESM2, but not in others, e.g. CSIRO-Mk3-6-0. This was despite both models being able to simulate current climate well. Until projections of the strength and location of the monsoon under a future climate improve, large uncertainties in the direction and magnitude of future change in discharge for the Yangtze will remain.
Generalised Lambda Distributions by Method of Moments and Maximum Likelihood using the JSE-ASI Returns
Authors: Owusu Junior Peterson , Korkpoe Carl H.
Published: April 2017

The four-parameter generalised lambda distribution provides the flexibility required to describe the key moments of any distribution as compared with the normal distribution which characterises the distribution with only two moments. As markets have increasingly become nervous, the inadequacies of the normal distribution in capturing correctly the tail events and describing fully the entire distribution of market returns have been laid bare. The focus of this paper is to compare the generalised method of moments (GMM) and maximum likelihood essential estimates (MLE) methods as subsets of the GLD for a better fit of JSE All Share Index returns data. We have demonstrated that the appropriate method of the GLD to completely describe the measures of central tendency and dispersion by additionally capturing the risk dimensions of skewness and kurtosis of the return distribution is the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff Distance good-of-fit statistics and the quantile-quantile graph. These measures are very important to any investor in the equity markets.
The Effect of Using Smart Board on the Achievement of Tenth Grade Students in English language and on Verbal Interaction during Teaching in Public Schools
Authors: Malkawi Nibal Abdelkarim Mousa
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using the smart board on the achievement of tenth grade students in the English language, and verbal interaction, where the study sought to answer two questions:Does the achievement of tenth grade students in English language vary due to teaching strategy?Does the ratio of verbal interaction using smart board in teaching among tenth grade students vary from the ratio of verbal interaction at Flanders? (81) students from two sections chosen randomly from among (5) sections participated in the study, the experimental and control groups were chosen randomly, the experimental group were taught using smart board, and the control group were taught using the traditional way supported by computer. Achievement test in English language was applied, and Flanders' modified tool for the analysis of the verbal interaction was applied on the experimental group. The results showed the existence of significant differences in the achievement of the students; and in favor of the experimental group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the ratio of speech of students who were taught using smart board. And the rate of teachers' speaking during teaching with smart board has increased, and periods of interruption verbal communication, and the percentage of questions rose by the teacher and her encouragement to her students, and the responses of the students and their initiatives.In light of the findings, the study recommends the need to urge teachers to use the smart board in the teaching of the English language, and holding workshops to train teachers on how to use the smart board in teaching, and conducting studies reveal the reality of the use of the smart board.
Collaboration Patterns as a Function of Article Genre among Mixed Researchers: A Mixed Methods Bibliometric Study
Authors: Jordan John , Wachsmann Melanie , Hoisington Susan , Gonzalez Vanessa , Valle Rachel , Lambert Jarod , Aleisa Majed , Wilcox Rachael , Benge Cindy L. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: April 2017

Surprisingly, scant information exists regarding the collaboration patterns of mixed methods researchers. Thus, the purpose of this mixed methods bibliometric study was to examine (a) the distribution of the number of co-authors in articles published in the flagship mixed methods research journal (i.e., Journal of Mixed Methods Research [JMMR]) as a function of article genre (Quantitative Phase); (b) the relationship between the genre of articles published in JMMR and degree of collaboration in these articles (Quantitative Phase); (c) the difference between the number of authors in empirical research articles and non-empirical research articles published in JMMR (Quantitative Phase); and (d) select leading mixed methods researchers’ collaboration experiences as a function of genre of article (Qualitative Phase). An analysis of all articles published in JMMR from 2007 (its inception) to 2015 (the latest complete year at the time that the study was conducted) revealed (a) a statistically significantly higher proportion of empirical research articles (63.2%) than non-empirical research articles (36.8%), (b) that empirical research articles were 1.4 times (95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.78) more likely to involve multiple authors than were non-empirical research articles; and (c) that empirical research articles contained statistically significantly more authors than did non-empirical research articles. With respect to the qualitative phase, four themes (i.e., mental perception, mixed methods research, publication and research aids, and independent/group work) emerged regarding collaboration for empirical articles versus for non-empirical research articles. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The Impact of Islamic Banks' Service Quality Perception on Jordanian Customers Loyalty
Authors: Alshurideh Dr. Muhammad Turki , Al-Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash , Mohammad Ayat Mohammad Esam , Al-Hawary Anber Abraheem , Al Kurdi Barween Hikmat
Published: April 2017

Studying the effect of perceived service quality on customer loyalty in the Islamic banks services setting has not been receiving much attention from scholars. A set of service quality dimensions have been investigated: tangible, reliability, empathy, assurance and responsiveness. A self-reported survey was designed to collect the primary data from 293 Islamic banks services users in the Jordanian market. Both Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis testes were used to test the study hypotheses. The findings indicated that customers expressed high levels of loyalty towards all service quality dimensions. Practitioners and academics alike are keen on accurately measuring service quality in order to better understand its essential antecedents and consequences, and ultimately, establish methods for improving such quality to exert better care for loyal customers especially those who are more profitable than others and to minimise customers switching to competitors.
Red Centroamericana de Antropología: encuentro intermedio
Authors: Álvarez Arzate María Dolores
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 105-106
Training of children and adolescents’ mental health nursing for nursing students in Japan
Authors: Funakoshi Akiko , Tsunoda Aki , Hada Yuki
Published: April 2017

Background: Children and adolescents’ mental health nursing has not been positioned in the curriculum of nursing schools in Japan. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the prevalence of training of children and adolescents’ mental health nursing for nursing students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2013 in Japan. Faculties of pediatric and psychiatric nursing both reported on the educational contents and methods of children and adolescents’ mental health nursing by self-administered questionnaires. To compare prevalence of the training of children and adolescents’ mental health nursing between pediatric and psychiatric nursing, chi-square tests were carried out.Results: The participants in the study were 133 pediatric (39.8%) and 123 psychiatric nursing departments (36.8%). Over 80% of participants had instructed the following 4 educational contents: process of mental development, mental health issues surrounding children and adolescents, related laws and regulations, and classification and treatment for children and adolescents with mental illnesses. Whereas, less than 40% of them had instructed the other 3 contents: nursing care for children and adolescents with mental illnesses, support agency for children and adolescents, and family support. Pediatric nursing had significantly higher prevalence than psychiatric nursing among process of mental development, mental health issues surrounding children and adolescents, and related laws and regulations.Conclusions: Japanese nursing schools have dealt with basic knowledge of mental health with children and adolescents. It will be a challenge in the future to enhance training of practical nursing.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Cerebral Palsy: A Matched Cohort Study to Patients With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Watts Chad D. , Wyles Cody C. , Trousdale Robert T. , Milbrandt Todd J. , Taunton Michael J.
Published: April 2017

Introduction:

Currently, few data examine the use of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). This study reviewed the outcomes of TKA in patients with CP compared with a matched cohort undergoing TKA for primary osteoarthritis.

Methods:

Over a 28-year period, 15 TKAs in patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified. The cohort was 53% men, with a mean age of 58 years. Patients with CP were matched 1:2 based on age, sex, body mass index, and year of surgery with a group of patients undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis.

Results:

No difference was reported in implant survival (P = 0.27) or revision surgery (P = 0.79) between groups. All patients were ambulatory postoperatively, and significant increases were noted in the Knee Society score (P < 0.0001) and functional assessment (P = 0.003).

Discussion:

TKA is a safe, durable procedure in patients with CP to improve pain and function.
Venetians in Arberia and the Role of Venetian Language in Everyday Communication
Authors: Ndreu Irena
Published: April 2017

This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive overview of Venetian Albanians and the interplay of Venetian language in their everyday communication. In the everyday relations between authorities and the inhabitants of this province, language became a barrier to understanding at a basic level. The local Roman language spoken over e long period of time in Arbëria was slowly substituted by the Venetian dialect. Patricians had knowledge of it before the Venetian period, since otherwise they would haveb had to rely on translators or soldiers and common clerks who were bilingual. Other language problems Venetians faced with language concerned Serbian in translation offices, a language widely used in Arbëria. It is most likely that there was such an office in Shkodra where in 1409, Ginus Juban, aka Gjin Jubani, appears as a translator. Although he bears a typical Arbër name, it cannot absolutely be stated what his official language was. The superiority of the Venetian language in the judicial and commercial areas had an effect in the Arbëria language as well. Serbian, which had played an important role under the Balshajs among bishops as their official language, became exctinct with the fall of these states. Greek was marginalized from Durrës to further south, where there were found islands of Greek settlements around the city of Vlora.
Interpretation and Application of Article 98 of the Rome Statute
Authors: Sadushaj Mimoza , Shatku Saimir , Pustina Flori , Kuka Erdi , Taraj Geraldo
Published: April 2017

Many high officials accused for crimes falling under the ICC (International Criminal Court) Statute, like the leader of Sudan Omar al-Bashir, have defended themselves against ICC prosecution using their State, diplomatic or Head of State immunity and there so invoking Art. 98 of the ICC Statute. This paper is to clarify all the incorrect claims, which abusively use Art. 98, to justify the objection of ICC prosecution in cases where the defendant has state, Head of State or diplomatic immunity due to his official capabilities. The paper conclusions will deal with the proper interpretation and application of this article and the reasoning of why Head of States and other high officials cannot be defended from the ICC prosecution using their immunity as an argument.
The Concept of Legal Action and Historical Overview
Authors: Leka Adrian
Published: April 2017

In its very existence the human society, and people with one another develop relations between them. This is also supported by the laws of physics that say that the bodies in nature always interacted with each other. As it is already universally accepted that for their nature but not only people are free to decide on their own and to choose what seems right and good for them. But on the other hand this leeway is limited not only by the principles of justice and the interests of other persons but also these necessarily lawful, possible and moral. Legal action by its nature entered in the category of legitimate actions of people. Given the importance that legal actions have civil in relations, our legislation has given importance in its treatment concerning the meaning, form, validity and invalidity of legal actions, condition and term of juridical actions. In a narrow sense of the notion legal actions will be understood as legitimate manifestation of the will of the individual, physical and legal persons, that aim to create, change and/or erase civil rights and obligations that the parties undertake. While in the wide sense of the notion we will understand the legal actions not only as legitimate show of will and as a goal set by the parties but interpretations must also be seen, parties behavior, care, trust shown by them and the effects arising during the implementation of the contract or the effective period during which legal action may be ineffective for purposes of a condition, time, etc. By many modern legislation but also by our current legislation Civil Code of the 1994, legal action is defined in its narrow notion.
Econometric Estimation of Seasonal Differences between these Products, Apples and Tomato in Focus the Region of Prizren, Korca and Lushnja
Authors: Deda Eriona
Published: April 2017

In our study we chose some areas, mainly the Korça, Lushnja, and Prizren areas. We have handled seasonal differences in the product of apple and tomato. And the impact of these seasonal differences in work-occupation of farmers on farm over a year in the activity of apple or tomato, in income, sale and prices. In the Korça area will treat the impact of seasonal differences in work -occupation of farmers on activity of apple, and the impact of these differences in income, sales and price for Korça area. For Lushnja area will treat the influence of seasonal differences in the case of tomatoes. And in the area of Prizren will treat impact of seasonal differences in the case of apple and tomato. Assessment of the seasonal differences by regions and products that we have taken in the study will be the basis of some econometric models, by using Eviews programme.
Framing “the Other” in Times of Conflicts: CNN’s Coverage of the 2003 Iraq War
Authors: Mhamdi Chaker
Published: April 2017

This study is explored by a qualitative analysis of visual media practices in times of international conflicts. The analysis focuses on one of the leading sources of television news in the world, namely CNN, during its coverage of the 2003 Iraq War. Due to its national and international character and its popularity in coverage of war and international conflicts, CNN is thought of as a world leader in covering global conflicts. Accordingly, this research is directed toward the ways public perceptions were formed about particular ideas through CNN’s coverage. In order to develop an accurate sense of the programming that aired during the period under study, a qualitative content analysis was conducted in which a selected sample was selected and analyzed. This sample consisted of 20 CNN news stories during the first two months of the 2003 Iraq War. Relying on transcripts and videotapes of the key events of the first two months of the 2003 Iraq War CNN’ such as “Decapitation Strike”, “Shock and Awe”, Toppling of Saddam’s Statue and the bombing of Al Jazeera Office in Iraq, the qualitative analysis aims at discerning intonation, verbal and visual emphases and the subtle cues that are uniquely embedded in the visual medium. The analytical tool that is used to conduct the qualitative analysis of the selected sequences from CNN’s coverage of the 2003 Iraq War is grounded in framing analysis. The content and qualitative framing analysis of the selected sample of the CNN’s news stories about the 2003 Iraq War reveal that CNN echoed the American centered perspectives, aligning with the official war narrative supporting the war cause, and abiding by the U.S. military censorship measures.
The Functions of the Organizational Culture the Hospital Wahidins Sudirohusodos as a Public Organization
Authors: Winangsih Wiwin , Makmur H. , Tahmir Suradi
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this research is to analyze the functions of organizational culture values the General Hospital Center Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. This research is qualitative research approach of case studies. The data source is the primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through observation against the social situation and structured interview to informant. Secondary data obtained through documentation. Technique of data analysis is done through stages; data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion. This research is the indicator functions of organizational culture (motivation, social cohesion, and sense-making and control mechanism). The results of this study indicate that the values of culture organizations General Hospital Center Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar serves as a motivation source, social cohesion source, and sense-making and control mechanism. It can be demonstrated that: 1) the value of collaboration (teamwork) serve as a motivation source, by conducting all activities in a teamwork, evoking motivation on medical and non-medical personnel of the hospital; 2) value empathy serves of social cohesion source and these values also inspired leadership of hospitals to innovate and create a policy of people oriented, and 3) professional values serve as sense-making and control mechanism or transformed human resources ' attitude and behavior patterns, this value also form an aggressive working attitude and competitive on medical and non-medical personnel of the hospital. Organization culture values the General Hospital Center Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar has become a shared basic assumptions and guidelines for medical and non-medical personnel in providing medical services to the community.
The Effects of Rolling Back State Frontiers on the Development of Nigeria’s Economy (2003 – 2007)
Authors: Umo-Udo Ndifreke S.
Published: April 2017

The study focused on the deregulation of the downstream of Nigeria’s petroleum sub-sector as an aspect of Rolling back the state in Nigeria. Deregulation of the downstream of the petroleum sector is occasioned by the removal of subsidies on petroleum products. This paper is adapted from my Ph.D research work at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka on rolling back the state. The objective was to examine the impact of deregulation of the downstream of the petroleum sector on the road transport sectors of the Nigerian economy within the period 2003-2007. Data for the study were generated through the observations of primary and secondary sources. The data were analysed using tables, percentage and correlation analysis. The findings of the study shows that deregulation of the downstream of the petroleum sector allowed the private sector owned road transportation system to increase the cost of transport fares anytime the government announced increase in the pump price of products. An increase in the cost of road fares translated into increase in prices of goods and services which ultimately resulted in inflation. Equally the huge amount derived from petroleum has not been judiciously expended for building and construction of roads. The research recommends that government should monitor the execution of road contracts to guard against none and poor delivery of jobs.
Blasphemy Law and Public Neutrality in Indonesia
Authors: Nalle Victor Imanuel W.
Published: April 2017

Indonesia has the potential for social conflict and violence due to blasphemy. Currently, Indonesia has a blasphemy law that has been in effect since 1965. The blasphemy law formed on political factors and tend to ignore the public neutrality. Recently due to a case of blasphemy by the Governor of Jakarta, relevance of blasphemy law be discussed again. This paper analyzes the weakness of the blasphemy laws that regulated in Law No. 1/1965 and interpretation of the Constitutional Court on the Law No. 1/1965. The analysis in this paper, by statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach, shows the weakness of Law No. 1/1965 in putting itself as an entity that is neutral in matters of religion. This weakness caused Law No. 1/1965 set the Government as the interpreter of the religion scriptures that potentially made the state can not neutral. Therefore, the criminalization of blasphemy should be based on criteria without involving the state as an interpreter of the theological doctrine.
Comparative Analysis of the Tax Burden on Car Ownership and Car Use in the EU Countries and Russia
Authors: Mayburov Igor , Leontyeva Yulia
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this article is to compare the tax burden on car owners and car users in the countries of Europe and in Russia and to use the findings for identifying areas of improvement in the system of fiscal instruments under the present conditions of transport development. The article examines the European experience in the construction of fixed and variable transport taxes to regulate the behavior of the car owners. The theoretical background collection of taxes for the use of a car is considered. The article looks the size of fixed taxes in different countries depends on the technical characteristics of the car that determine its capability to have a negative impact on the road network and environmental factors. A conclusion is made that in Russia, the system of transport taxes lacks logic. The level of fixed taxes that is rather higher for Russia generates two effects: it hinders the growth of car ownership and preserves the negative structure of the car fleet. The low level of variable taxes (fuel tax and tolls) encourages the intense use of passenger cars. The approach will spur further growth of car ownership rates in Russia, making people car dependent. A reform of variable transport taxes is needed to regularly increase them. Such an increase should also be accomplished by regularly increasing fuel excise duties and introducing congestion charges and toll charges on more roads, bridges, tunnels, and conservation areas.
Effect of Preliminary Infestation of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum, (H) Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E), their Population Buildup, Loss of Germination and Consequently Wheat Loss during Storage
Authors: Akhlaq Ahmad  , Q.M. Ali  , P.A. Baloch  , Riaz Uddin  , S. Qadri
Published: April 2017

Population buildup of Tribolium castaneum (H), Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E) at 6, 8 and 10 pairs per 500 gm wheat per specie of initial insect infestation and resultant loss of wheat was calculated under laboratory conditions during storage period of six (06) months. Average increase number ranged from 20 to 3900 insects. Loss of germination, kernel damage and weight loss were 2.49 to 50.0, 2.79 to 63.69 and 1.99 to 15.38 respectively during the study period. Sitophilus oryzae was found to cause higher weight loss, kernel damage and loss of germination as compared to Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum.
Brucella melitensis prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Flury Domenica , Behrend Henrik , Sendi Parham , Kietzell Matthias von , Strahm Carol
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to Brucella spp. is rare. We report a case in a 75-year-old man and review 29 additional cases identified in a literature search. The diagnosis of Brucella PJI is challenging, in particular in non-endemic countries. Serological tests prior to joint aspiration or surgical intervention are reasonable. Involvement of infection control and timely information to laboratory personnel is mandatory upon diagnosis. There is no uniform treatment concept, neither with respect to surgical intervention nor for the duration of antimicrobials. Most cases have a successful outcome, irrespective of surgical modality, and with an antimicrobial combination regimen for 12 or more weeks.
Structural basis of protein translocation by the Vps4-Vta1 AAA ATPase
Authors: Monroe Nicole , Han Han , Shen Peter S , Sundquist Wesley I , Hill Christopher P
Published: April 2017

Many important cellular membrane fission reactions are driven by ESCRT pathways, which culminate in disassembly of ESCRT-III polymers by the AAA ATPase Vps4. We report a 4.3 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the active Vps4 hexamer with its cofactor Vta1, ADP·BeFx, and an ESCRT-III substrate peptide. Four Vps4 subunits form a helix whose interfaces are consistent with ATP binding, is stabilized by Vta1, and binds the substrate peptide. The fifth subunit approximately continues this helix but appears to be dissociating. The final Vps4 subunit completes a notched-washer configuration as if transitioning between the ends of the helix. We propose that ATP binding propagates growth at one end of the helix while hydrolysis promotes disassembly at the other end, so that Vps4 ‘walks’ along ESCRT-III until it encounters the ordered N-terminal domain to destabilize the ESCRT-III lattice. This model may be generally applicable to other protein-translocating AAA ATPases.
Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty
Authors: Tan Kae Yi , Tan Choo Hock , Chanhome Lawan , Tan Nget Hong
Published: April 2017

Background

The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is a medically important venomous snake in Southeast Asia. Its venom has been shown to vary geographically in relation to venom composition and neurotoxic activity, indicating vast diversity of the toxin genes within the species. To investigate the polygenic trait of the venom and its locale-specific variation, we profiled and compared the venom gland transcriptomes ofN. kaouthiafrom Malaysia (NK-M) and Thailand (NK-T) applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.

Methods

The transcriptomes were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform, assembled and followed by transcript clustering and annotations for gene expression and function. Pairwise or multiple sequence alignments were conducted on the toxin genes expressed. Substitution rates were studied for the major toxins co-expressed in NK-M and NK-T.

Results and discussion

The toxin transcripts showed high redundancy (41–82% of the total mRNA expression) and comprised 23 gene families expressed in NK-M and NK-T, respectively (22 gene families were co-expressed). Among the venom genes, three-finger toxins (3FTxs) predominated in the expression, with multiple sequences noted. Comparative analysis and selection study revealed that 3FTxs are genetically conserved between the geographical specimens whilst demonstrating distinct differential expression patterns, implying gene up-regulation for selected principal toxins, or alternatively, enhanced transcript degradation or lack of transcription of certain traits. One of the striking features that elucidates the inter-geographical venom variation is the up-regulation of α-neurotoxins (constitutes ∼80.0% of toxin’s fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (FPKM)), particularly the long-chain α-elapitoxin-Nk2a (48.3%) in NK-T but only 1.7% was noted in NK-M. Instead, short neurotoxin isoforms were up-regulated in NK-M (46.4%). Another distinct transcriptional pattern observed is the exclusively and abundantly expressed cytotoxin CTX-3 in NK-T. The findings suggested correlation with the geographical variation in proteome and toxicity of the venom, and support the call for optimising antivenom production and use in the region. Besides, the current study uncovered full and partial sequences of numerous toxin genes fromN. kaouthiawhich have not been reported hitherto; these includeN. kaouthia-specificl-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), snake venom serine protease (SVSP), cystatin, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hyaluronidase (HYA), waprin, phospholipase B (PLB), aminopeptidase (AP), neprilysin, etc. Taken together, the findings further enrich the snake toxin database and provide deeper insights into the genetic diversity of cobra venom toxins.
Recipient Twin Circular Shunt Physiology Before Fetal Laser Surgery: Survival and Risks for Postnatal Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Authors: Pruetz Jay D. , Votava‐Smith Jodie K. , Chmait Hikmat R. , Korst Lisa M. , Llanes Arlyn , Chmait Ramen H.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To evaluate risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) in recipient twins with circular shunt physiology (CSP).

Methods

This prospective study enrolled twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) cases from 2006 to 2015. Fetal echocardiography (FE) was performed before laser surgery when cardiac involvement was suspected. Diagnosis of recipient twin CSP required tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation, right ventricular dysfunction, and flow reversal in the ductus arteriosus. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days after birth.

Results

Of the 496 TTTS pregnancies, 20 (4%) met the criteria for CSP. Among those born alive, who had documented cardiac outcomes (n = 457), patients with CSP were more likely to have CHD, specifically right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (5 of 18 [27.8%] versus 22 of 439 [5.0%], odd ratio [OR] 7.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–24.72, P = .0025). Of the recipient twins with preoperative FE (n = 259, 52%) who were born alive and had documented cardiac outcomes (n = 242), those with CSP were still more likely to have right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (5 of 18 [27.8%] versus 14 of 224 [6.3%], OR 5.77, CI 1.54–20.92, P = .0077). With both analyses, twins with CSP had higher Quintero stage, but similar patient characteristics and 30‐day mortality compared with those without CSP. Subgroup analyses of the CSP cohort identified no differences in preoperative characteristics or FE findings predictive of CHD.

Conclusions

Recipient twins with preoperative CSP were at increased risk for postnatal right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, but appeared to have comparable survival after fetal laser surgery despite these dramatic pathophysiological prenatal findings. Preoperative FE in TTTS remains important for prediction of postnatal CHD.
Physical Activity to Reduce Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Katz Patricia , Margaretten Mary , Gregorich Steven , Trupin Laura
Published: April 2017

Objective

Effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fatigue are limited. We tested the effect of a pedometer‐based intervention on increasing physical activity and decreasing fatigue among individuals with RA.

Methods

Participants completed baseline questionnaires; had 1 week of activity monitoring; were randomized to control (education [EDUC]), pedometer and step‐monitoring diary (PED), or pedometer and diary plus step targets (PED+) groups, and were followed for 21 weeks. At week 10, questionnaires were administered by phone to all participants. During the final week, all participants again had 1 week of activity monitoring. Primary outcomes were changes in average weekly steps and fatigue (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 7‐item questionnaire) from baseline to week 21. Secondary outcomes were self‐reported disease activity, physical function, pain interference, and depressive symptoms. Changes in steps were tested using a linear mixed model. Changes in fatigue were tested with repeated‐measures models, including baseline, week‐10, and week‐21 scores.

Results

A total of 96 individuals participated. Eight did not complete the 21‐week assessments. Both intervention groups significantly increased steps (+1,441 [P = 0.004] for PED and +1,656 [P = 0.001] for PED+), and the EDUC group decreased steps (‐747 [P = 0.14]) (group‐by‐time interaction P = 0.0025). Between‐group changes in fatigue were not significantly different (interaction P = 0.21). Mean changes in fatigue scores from baseline to week 21 were ‐1.6 (with‐group P = 0.26), ‐3.2 (P = 0.02), and ‐4.8 (P = 0.0002) for EDUC, PED, and PED+ groups, respectively. Function and self‐reported disease activity also improved in the PED and PED+ groups.

Conclusion

Provision of pedometers, with and without providing step targets, was successful in increasing activity levels and decreasing fatigue in this sample of individuals with RA.
Clinical Characteristics, Disease Activity, and Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients With Dactylitis or Enthesitis: Results From the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Karki Chitra , Palmer Jacqueline B. , Etzel Carol J. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Malley Wendi , Herrera Vivian , Tran Melody , Greenberg Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2017

Objective

To characterize psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with dactylitis or enthesitis and evaluate the associations of these manifestations with disease activity and patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

Using the Corrona PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry, patient characteristics, disease activity, and patient‐reported outcomes at registry enrollment were assessed for PsA patients ages ≥18 years with or without dactylitis or enthesitis. Regression models were used to evaluate associations of dactylitis and enthesitis with outcomes, including minimal disease activity, Health Assessment Questionnaire scores, patient‐reported pain and fatigue, and work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire). Adjustments were made for age, sex, race, body mass index, disease duration, and history of biologic agent, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug, and prednisone use.

Results

This analysis included 1,567 PsA patients (420 with enthesitis; 228 with dactylitis). Patients with versus without dactylitis or enthesitis had greater disease activity and were less likely to be in minimal disease activity (P < 0.05). Patients with versus without enthesitis had poorer functional status as assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (adjusted P = 4.15 x 10−5), greater patient‐reported pain and fatigue (adjusted P < 0.0001), and greater likelihood of any impairment while working (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.57, P = 0.027), overall work impairment (OR 1.85, P = 0.006), and activity impairment (OR 1.77, P = 0.008). Dactylitis was associated with similar numerical trends, but differences versus patients without dactylitis did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

Enthesitis and dactylitis are associated with greater overall disease burden of PsA, underscoring the importance of identifying, assessing, and effectively managing these periarticular manifestations.
Targeting Tumor‐Associated Exosomes with Integrin‐Binding Peptides
Authors: Carney Randy P. , Hazari Sidhartha , Rojalin Tatu , Knudson Alisha , Gao Tingjuan , Tang Yuchen , Liu Ruiwu , Viitala Tapani , Yliperttula Marjo , Lam Kit S.
Published: April 2017

All cells expel a variety of nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, with composition reflecting the cells' biological state. Cancer pathology is dramatically mediated by EV trafficking via key proteins, lipids, metabolites, and microRNAs. Recent proteomics evidence suggests that tumor‐associated exosomes exhibit distinct expression of certain membrane proteins, rendering those proteins as attractive targets for diagnostic or therapeutic application, yet it is not currently feasible to distinguish circulating EVs in complex biofluids according to their tissue of origin or state of disease. Here, peptide binding to tumor‐associated EVs via overexpressed membrane protein is demonstrated. It is found that SKOV‐3 ovarian tumor cells and their released EVs express α3β1 integrin, which can be targeted by the in‐house cyclic nonapeptide, LXY30. After measuring bulk SKOV‐3 EV association with LXY30 by flow cytometry, Raman spectral analysis of laser‐trapped single exosomes with LXY30‐dialkyne conjugate enables the differentiation of cancer‐associated exosomes from noncancer exosomes. Furthermore, the foundation for a highly specific detection platform for tumor‐EVs in solution with biosensor surface‐immobilized LXY30 is introduced. LXY30 not only exhibits high specificity and affinity to α3β1 integrin‐expressing EVs, but also reduces EV uptake into SKOV‐3 parent cells, demonstrating the possibility for therapeutic application.