bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE UNTUK MEMINIMALISASI TINDAKAN CREATIVE ACCOUNTING PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wijayanti Indah Oktari , Asmawanti S Dri
Published: June 2019

This study aims to examine the influence of the role of good corporate governance to minimize creative accounting actions in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange (BEI) in 2015-2017. The variables tested in this study consisted of institutional ownership and managerial ownership and creative accounting in proxy with earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals estimated using the modified Jones model (1995). The sample of this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. This study uses purposive sampling method in determining the number of samples used and obtained 77 companies used as samples. Multiple regression models and descriptive statistics are used for data analysis. The results show that corporate governance mechanisms that are proxied by institutional ownership and managerial ownership do not affect earnings management.Keywords: institutional ownership, managerial ownership, creative accounting.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAERAH
Authors: Sari Gusrya Indah , Fadli Fadli
Published: June 2019

Respondents in this study are The Chief of Regional Work Unit, Chief of Financial Officer and Financial Officer of Regional Work Unit Bengkulu Province. The analysis method used SmartPLS 1.0 M3 program. The results showed that the implementation of good governance did not affect the quality of financial statement, the implementation of Government Accounting Standards has a positive effect on the quality of financial statements, and utilization of financial accounting information systems has a positive effect on the quality of financial statement.Keywords: Quality of Financial Statements, Good Governance, Government Accounting Standards, Regional Financial Accounting Information Systems
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, KESESUAIN KOMPENSASI, MORALITAS MANAJEMEN, KETAATAN ATURAN AKUNTANSI, DAN ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Syufriadi Bambang
Published: June 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of internal control effectiveness, suitability of compensation, the morality of management, the observance of accounting rules, and information asymmetry to the tendency of accounting fraud (a survey of the company's distributor in the city of Bengkulu). The data used in this research is primary data, which is obtained by spreading the questionnaire. The number of samples used in this study is 50 samples. Data analysis techniques using the help of IBM SPSS 16.0. The results showed that the effectiveness of the internal control and the morality of management negatively affect the tendency of accounting fraud. While information asymmetry has a positive effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. To the suitability of the compensation and the observance of accounting rules does not negatively affect the tendency of accounting fraud.Key words: Influence, Compensation, Management, Rules, Asymmetry, Accounting
IMPLEMENTASI REMUNERASI DOSEN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM PADA UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU
Authors: Hasan Maesaroh , Asmawanti Dri
Published: June 2019

This study aims to describe the implementation of lecturer remuneration system of Public Service Agency at Bengkulu University. Data collection using primary data obtained from interviews to informants, they are the remuneration team University of Bengkulu. Data collection techniques are done by interview and documentation. The analysis used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The techniques of testing the validity of the data used are the adequacy of the reference, triangulation and reference material. The results of this research showed that remuneration system is new payroll system applied by UNIB precisely in the end of the year 2015. Implementation of performance reporting by lecturer at UNIB conducted every semester and payment is done every three months. The reporting system of lecturer’s remuneration performance at UNIB is still done manually and not integrated with the academic system, so it is not efficient in it’s implementation. In the future, several new remuneration programs have been planned and are being undertaken in the implementation by remuneration teams to support the successful implementation of the BLU remuneration system in UNIB.Key words: Implementation, Public Service Agency
ANALISIS KONFLIK ATAU SENGKETA HAK KEPEMILIKAN TANAH ADAT BETANG SANGKUWU DI DESA TUMBANG MARAK, KECAMATAN KATINGAN TENGAH, KABUPATEN KATINGAN, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Perdana Dedy Ilham , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: June 2019

The conflict on the customary land of Betang Sangkuwu in Tubang Marakvillage occured because of the struggle for the ownership of customary land of Betang Sangkuwu located in the middle of the palm oil processing plantation company, namely PT Karya Dewi Putera (PT KDP). The fight for customary land ownership of Betang Sangkuwu occurred between the indigenous people of Tubang Marak village and the comers settling in this village, called penampil.This study uses a phenomenological study with a qualitative approach, whichexamines the phenomenon to be developed. The source of data in this reseach came from primary data, which were collected through direct and in-dept interviews between the researcher and informants (the subject), observations, recordings and field notes. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, analysis of data, and the conclusion and verification. The results showed that in the process of customary land disputes in Betang Sangkuwu of Tumbang Marak village there were actors who played roles (roles of authority). The conflict occured because of the root triggered by economic values, social values (social rent/social previlages), and rent ricardian (sacred cultural values). The conflict was in the form of latent conflict, namely slandering, suspicion, and threatened each other, as well as manifest conflict in the form of blaming each other. Efforts have been made, namely the mediation and hinting (a customary fine) in Dayak customary. The fight for customary land ownership rights of Betang Sangkuwuin Tumbang Marak village has not been completed. The penampil community together with KCW personnels would raise the issue to the positive law. Yet, since the indigenous people of Tumbang Marak village were willing to accept the results of the mediation, the relationship between parties involved the conflict in Tumbang Marak village was getting better. Keywords: Land Dispute, Indigenous Lands, Mediation and Hinting
PERILAKU KONSUMTIF PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) (Studi Kasus di Restoran Siap Saji Panties Pizza, Kota Bengkulu)
Authors: Adiningtyas Regiana Astrid , Sunaryanto Heri , Nopianti Heni
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku konsumtif pelajar SMA dalam mencari status sosial di lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini adalah pelajar SMA di Kota Bengkulu sebanyak empat orang dan karyawan restoran panties pizza sebanyak dua orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Perilaku Konsumtif Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Restoran Panties Pizza, Kota Bengkulu merupakan perilaku yang disebabkan untuk menjaga penampilan diri, gengsi, dan simbol status. Perilaku ini dilakukan secara terus-menerus dan berlebihan, sehingga demi menjaga penampilan diri, gengsi, dan simbol status tersebut para pelajar SMA harus bersikap boros agar terlihat gaul, kaya, sebagai remaja kota, dan agar dapat meningkatkan status sosialnya. Dengan status mereka yang masih bersekolah dan belum mempunyai penghasilan sendiri, mereka rela menghabiskan uang sakunya untuk makan di tempat makan yang harganya cukup mahal. Mereka tidak mempermasalahkan uang saku yang diberikan oleh orang tuanya itu habis, bahkan mereka merasa bangga karena dapat makan di tempat mahal dan merasa menjadi anak yang serba kekinian. Kata Kunci : Perilaku, Konsumtif, Makanan Siap Saji, Pelajar
DISFUNGSI KELUARGA DALAM PENDIDIKAN FORMAL ANAK (Studi Kasus Desa Durian Mas Kecamatan Kota Padang, Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu)
Authors: Talopo Rahmawati , Pribadi Hasan , Topan Asep
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan disfungsi keluarga pada pendidikan formal anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek penelitian adalah para orang tua yang memiliki anak usia sekolah kelas 2,3, dan 4 Sekolah Dasar dengan umur berkisar 8-10 tahun. Informan penelitian berdasarkan sumber data yang dimintai informasinya sesuai dengan masalah penelitian. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan yakni penyebab terjadinya disfungsi keluarga sebagai kelompok sosial di mana terjadi kekacauan peran dan fungsi antar anggota keluarga yaitu pada pendidikan formal anak dikarenakan kesibukan orang tua dalam bekerja, kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan, dan rendahnya pendidikan orang tua. Sehingga anak menjadi malas, ketinggalan pelajaran di sekolah dan sering tidak naik kelas. Kata Kunci : Disfungsi, Keluarga, dan Pendidikan
UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF MIZOCH UPLAND ON THE MATERIALS OF LYPA I AND LYPA VI SITES: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, AGE, TECHNIQUE OF FLINT KNAPPING, PRIMEVAL ART
Authors: BOGUCKI Andriy , SYTNYK Oleksandr , TOMENIUK Olena , KOROPETSKYI Ruslan
Published: June 2019

Upper Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI are situated in the western part of Mizoch Upland, not far from Dubno in Rivne region. These sites were most completely researched by excavations conducted by V. Savych in 1960th. Materials of these investigations were published at scientist's monograph.

In 2012 in order to clarify stratigraphy of Palaeolithic site Lypa VI and also to correlate cultural horizons distinguished by V. Savych with other synchronous sites of Sub-Carpathians and Volhynia-Podillia regions field geological-archeological research were carried out. During them series of samples to obtain absolute dates for deposits were taken. According to TL-dates such ages of soils were defined: MIS 2 – loess above Krasylivsubhorizon (15,6±2,1 kyr), Krasylivsubhorizon (15,1±2,1 kyr, 17,8±2,5 kyr), loess under Krasylivsubhorizon (21,4±2,8 kyr), Rivne subhorizon (20,6±3,0 kyr), solifluctional strata above Dubno fossil soil (26,0±3,6 kyr), where the only Upper Palaeolithic artifact was found; MIS 3 – Dubno fossil soil (26,8±3,7 kyr, 26,8±3,7 kyr, 29,0±4,0 kyr, 59,4±8,2 kyr); MIS 4 – laminated strata under Dubnofossil soil (60,2±8,4 kyr, 68,8±9,6 kyr). Unfortunately, it is still not possible to correlate new stratigraphic data and absolute dates obtained for deposits with sections described by V. Savych and cultural layers situated there.

History of research, characteristics of stratigraphic sections of Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI, analysis of stone raw-material, interpretation of collections of flint artifacts (by V. Savych), description of bone artifacts, decorations and objects of primeval art are considered consequentially. Existing cultural and chronological interpretations are also presented.

Taking into account importance of Upper Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI, the complexity of their stratigraphic interpretation and justification of chronological position of cultural layers distinguished by V. Savychand also issues of definition of “Lypska culture”, the authors affirm the necessity to continue complex interdisciplinary research of these sites.
Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock in Ethiopia: Promising Forage Species to Reduce CH4 Emissions
Authors: Berhanu Yonas , Olav Lars , Nurfeta Ajebu , Angassa Ayana , Aune Jens
Published: June 2019

This paper assesses the ability of fodder plants to reduce methane (CH4) emissions while simultaneously improving animal productivity in Ethiopia. Enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants in Ethiopia increased by 12% or ≈ 6197 Gg CO2-eq. in 2017 compared to the year 2011. In this study, six tropical multipurpose forages (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cuf., Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Crotalaria juncea L., and Lablab purpureus L.(Sweet)) and maize stover were characterized in terms of chemical composition, in vitro CH4 production, and CH4 concentration (%). The objective was to identify forages with low CH4 production potential but with adequate forage quality. The forages differed significantly in chemical composition and in enteric CH4 emission. The dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) ranged between 89.4–95.4%, 6.08–12.5%, 3.3–30.7%, 20.4–76.0%, 10.8–44.8, and 2.9–14.1%, respectively. All forage plants, except maize stover, contained high CP content above a threshold value (i.e., 7%). Cajanus c. generates the lowest amount of CH4 (32.83 mL/0.2 g DM incubated). CH4 concentration (%) was used as a potential indicator to determine the capacity of a plant to lower CH4 production. Among the studied species, L. purpureus showed the highest CH4 reduction potential (16%) followed by C. juncea (23.45%), M. stenopetala (24.2%), and L. leucocephala (25.5%). M. stenopetala was the most frequently preferred by the farmers followed by C. juncea and L. leucocephala. We concluded that M. stenopetala, C. juncea, and L. leucocephala can be promoted as valuable feed resources for ruminants while simultaneously reducing CH4 emissions.
Defining Spatial Priorities for Irrigation Development Using the Soil Conservation and Water Use Efficiency Criteria
Authors: Bezdan Atila , Blagojevic Bosko , Vranesevic Milica , Benka Pavel , Savic Radovan , Bezdan Jovana
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a methodology for defining spatial priorities for irrigation development in Vojvodina Province (Serbia). The purpose of the methodology is to take into account several UN Sustainable Development Goals and to try to minimize land degradation, while maximizing water use efficiency. In the first step, areas that can be irrigated over long-term periods with minimal risk of soil degradation were selected in the geographic information system (GIS) environment. Then, three experts used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to define the weights of four criteria related to water use efficiency. After that, the consensus model was used to obtain group weights of the criteria. These criteria were standardized and presented as GIS layers. Finally, cell values in all the layers were multiplied by corresponding consensus weights of the criteria. The weighted layers are summarized in the final map representing spatial priorities for irrigation development.
Molecular Specific and Sensitive Detection of Pyrazinamide and Its Metabolite Pyrazinoic Acid by Means of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Employing In Situ Prepared Colloids
Authors: Muehlig Anna , Jahn Izabella J. , Heidler Jan , Jahn Martin , Weber Karina , Sheen Patricia , Zimic Mirko , Cialla-May Dana , Popp Juergen
Published: June 2019

The prodrug pyrazinamide (PZA) is metabolized by the mycobacteria to pyrazinoic acid (POA), which is expelled into the extracellular environment. PZA resistance is highly associated to a lack of POA efflux. Thus, by detecting a reduction of the concentration of POA in the extracellular environment, by means of lab-on-a-chip (LoC)-SERS (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy), an alternative approach for the discrimination of PZA resistant mycobacteria is introduced. A droplet-based microfluidic SERS device has been employed to illustrate the potential of the LoC-SERS method for the discrimination of PZA resistant mycobacteria. The two analytes were detected discretely in aqueous solution with a limit of detection of 27 µm for PZA and 21 µm for POA. The simultaneous detection of PZA and POA in aqueous mixtures could be realized within a concentration range from 20 μm to 50 μm for PZA and from 50 μm to 80 μm for POA.
Optimizing a Simple Natural Dye Production Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Examples for Betalain (Bougainvillea and Beetroot Extracts) and Anthocyanin Dyes
Authors: García-Salinas María José , Ariza María Jesús
Published: June 2019

We present a study about the sensitizers extracted from natural resources. This paper focuses on how to select, extract and characterize natural dyes, giving some guides to establish a protocol for the whole process of fabricating and using these dyes. The influence of the extraction solvent and method, and of parameters such as pH are analyzed. Also, dye precursor and dye extract stability have been studied, as well as how the dye adsorbs onto substrates and the effect of mixing or concentrating the extracts. Results concerning betalain pigments present in bougainvillea and beetroot extracts, and anthocyanins in eggplant extracts, analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrometry, are included. As an example of application, we report procedures intended to test and enhance the dye potential as a main component of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). DSSCs mimic nature’s photosynthesis and have some advantages like an easy and low-cost fabrication procedure. Their efficiency depends on its design and fabrication process and also on the different components involved. Hence, optimizing each component is essential to achieve the best performance, and thus the dye used as a sensitizer is crucial. We fabricate cells by using a simple procedure: As the interest is focused on the sensitizer, the same consecutive steps are followed, varying only the dye extract. Among all the natural-dyes tested, beetroot extract reaches up to 0.47% cell efficiency, which is near the highest values found in literature for this pigment.
Analysis of a Haze Event over Nanjing, China Based on Multi-Source Data
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Wang Jing , Bu Lingbing
Published: June 2019

We analyzed a June 2018 Nanjing, China haze event using ground-based and spaceborne sensors, combined with sounding and HYSPLIT backward trajectory data, with the ground-based and spaceborne sensor data exhibiting good consistency. Water vapor content showed significant positive correlation with AOD (aerosol optical depth), and AOD measured in urban and industrial areas was much higher compared to other similar zones. The afternoon convection caused the aerosol uplift during the haze event. Higher aerosol concentration was detected below 2 km. Due to the summer afternoon convective movement, pollutants at high altitude were dominated by small particles, while the overall pollutant mix was dominated by mixed aerosols. During a stable period over June 11–18, a single, near-surface inversion layer, and occasional two inversion layers, stopped pollutant dispersal, with only very stable ocean air mass transport in the southeast direction available. The Air Quality Index drop which took place during June 28–30 was caused by two inversion layers, combined with the immigration of pollutants from inland air masses.
Droplets for Sampling and Transport of Chemical Signals in Biosensing: A Review
Authors: Feng Shilun , Shirani Elham , Inglis David W.
Published: June 2019

The chemical, temporal, and spatial resolution of chemical signals that are sampled and transported with continuous flow is limited because of Taylor dispersion. Droplets have been used to solve this problem by digitizing chemical signals into discrete segments that can be transported for a long distance or a long time without loss of chemical, temporal or spatial precision. In this review, we describe Taylor dispersion, sampling theory, and Laplace pressure, and give examples of sampling probes that have used droplets to sample or/and transport fluid from a continuous medium, such as cell culture or nerve tissue, for external analysis. The examples are categorized, as follows: (1) Aqueous-phase sampling with downstream droplet formation; (2) preformed droplets for sampling; and (3) droplets formed near the analyte source. Finally, strategies for downstream sample recovery for conventional analysis are described.
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Actions and Potential Benefits: A Perspective from Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Narcis Nigel , Ray Indrajit , Hosein Gino
Published: June 2019

A study was conducted to identify the primary sources and types of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, determine current and potential management actions which can be applied to the respective wastes, and assess the potential benefits, barriers, and recommendations towards the implementation of a C&D waste management plan in Trinidad and Tobago—a Caribbean Small Island Developing State (SIDS). This process is lacking locally, and will benefit decision makers and other stakeholders in proper management of C&D waste. Currently, the primary method of waste disposal is landfilling. The structured questionnaire survey method was used to collect the data, and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with appropriate post-tests. Results showed that wood, plastic, cardboard, gypsum board, and steel were identified as the most wasted materials on site, with the top sources being attributable to design, operations, and residual causes. It can be inferred that if materials are not being reused, they are being landfilled, as these were the two primary waste treatment methods identified as being used for all materials. If waste management practice gathers enough support from all respective authorities and stakeholders, the general consensus is that all materials listed have recycle/reuse potential in Trinidad and Tobago. The top agreed upon advantages of C&D waste management were all directly related to sustainability, and the barriers to implementation identified were related to general lack of support from respective stakeholders and authorities. From the overall results, it can be concluded that there is not enough evidence to suggest that larger contractors have more positive attitudes and behaviors towards C&D waste management. Although the data are local, the findings from this research can be used as guidelines by the other Caribbean SIDS nations in formulating/comparing their own waste management practices.
Advancing Risk Assessment of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Drachenberg Darrel , Awe Julius , Rangel Pozzo Aline , Saranchuk Jeff , Mai Sabine
Published: June 2019

The individual risk to progression is unclear for intermediate risk prostate cancer patients. To assess their risk to progression, we examined the level of genomic instability in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using quantitative three-dimensional (3D) telomere analysis. Data of CTCs from 65 treatment-naïve patients with biopsy-confirmed D’Amico-defined intermediate risk prostate cancer were compared to radical prostatectomy pathology results, which provided a clinical endpoint to the study and confirmed pre-operative pathology or demonstrated upgrading. Hierarchical centroid cluster analysis of 3D pre-operative CTC telomere profiling placed the patients into three subgroups with different potential risk of aggressive disease. Logistic regression modeling of the risk of progression estimated odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) and separated patients into “stable” vs. “risk of aggressive” disease. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77, while prostate specific antigen (PSA) (AUC of 0.59) and Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 vs. 4 + 3 = 7 (p > 0.6) were unable to predict progressive or stable disease. The data suggest that quantitative 3D telomere profiling of CTCs may be a potential tool for assessing a patient’s prostate cancer pre-treatment risk.
Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Chlorobenzenes Catalyzed by Goethite and Promoted by Hydroxylamine
Authors: Lorenzo David , Dominguez Carmen M. , Romero Arturo , Santos Aurora
Published: June 2019

In this work, the abatement of several chlorobenzenes commonly found as pollutants in the aqueous phase has been carried out by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation using goethite as the catalyst and hydroxylamine as the promotor. Spiked water with monochlorobenzene and different positional isomers of dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, and tetrachlorobenzene, at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 16.9 mg L−1 was treated. Runs were carried out batch-way, at room conditions, without headspace. The heterogeneous catalyst was commercial goethite, with a specific surface area (SBET) of 10.24 m2 g−1 and a total iron content of 57.3 wt%. Iron acts as a catalyst of hydrogen peroxide decomposition to hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxylamine (in a range from 0 to 4.9 mM) was added to enhance the iron redox cycle from Fe (III) to Fe (II), remarkably increasing the radical production rate and therefore, the conversion of chlorobenzenes. Iron was stable (not leached to the aqueous phase) even at the lowest pH tested (pH = 1). The effect of pH (from 2 to 7), hydrogen peroxide (from 1 to 10 times the stoichiometric dosage), hydroxylamine, and catalyst concentration (from 0.25 to 1 g/L) was studied. Pollutant removal increased with hydroxylamine and hydrogen peroxide concentration. An operating conditions study demonstrated that the higher the hydroxylamine and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, the higher the removal of pollutants. The optimal pH value and catalyst concentration was 3 and 0.5 g L−1, respectively. Operating with 2.4 mM of hydroxylamine and 10 times the stoichiometric H2O2 amount, a chlorobenzenes conversion of 90% was achieved in 2.5 h. Additionally, no toxic byproducts were obtained.
To See or Not to See: A Systematic Review of the Importance of Human Ocular Surface Cytokine Biosignatures in Ocular Allergy
Authors: Aydin Esrin , Gokhale Moneisha , Azizoglu Serap , Suphioglu Cenk
Published: June 2019

Cytokines are key cell signalling proteins in a number of immune and homeostatic pathways of the human body. In particular, they mediate intracellular mechanisms of allergy on the ocular surface by triggering cellular responses that result in typical physiological ocular allergy symptoms, such as itchiness, watery eyes, irritation, and swelling. Given the recent research focus in optometry on the aetiology of corneal ectasia subtypes like keratoconus, there is an increasing need for the development of new clinical diagnostic methods. An increasing trend is evident among recent publications in cytokine studies, whereby the concentrations of cytokines in healthy and disease states are compared to derive a specific cytokine profile for that disease referred to as ‘biosignatures’. Biosignatures have diagnostic applications in ocular allergy as a cheap, non-invasive alternative to current techniques like IgE antibody testing and skin prick tests. Cytokine detection from tear samples collected via microcapillary flow can be analysed either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), multiplex magnetic bead assays, or immunoblot assays. Characterising patient hypersensitivities through diagnostic tests is the first step to managing exposure to triggers. Investigating cytokine biosignatures in ocular allergy and their links to physiology are imperative and will be the focus of this systematic review article.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Steel Surfaces with Chemical Stability and Corrosion
Authors: Du Chongwei , He Xiaoyan , Tian Feng , Bai Xiuqin , Yuan Chengqing
Published: June 2019

Corrosion seriously limits the long-term application of Q235 carbon steel. Herein, a simple fabrication method was used to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces on Q235 carbon steel for anticorrosion application. The combination of structure and the grafted low-surface-energy material contributed to the formation of superhydrophobic steel surfaces, which exhibited a water contact angle of 161.6° and a contact angle hysteresis of 0.8°. Meanwhile, the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface showed repellent toward different solutions with pH ranging from 1 to 14, presenting excellent chemical stability. Moreover, the acid corrosive liquid (HCl solution with pH of 1) maintained sphere-like shape on the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface at room temperature, indicating superior corrosion resistance. This work provides a simple method to fabricate superhydrophobic steel surfaces with chemical stability and corrosion resistance.
Effects of Sm2O3 and V2O5 Film Stacking on Switching Behaviors of Resistive Random Access Memories
Authors: Lin Jian-Yang , Wu Kuang-Yao , Chen Kai-Huang
Published: June 2019

In this work, the resistive switching characteristics of resistive random access memories (RRAMs) containing Sm2O3 and V2O5 films were investigated. All the RRAM structures made in this work showed stable resistive switching behavior. The High-Resistance State and Low-Resistance State of Resistive memory (RHRS/RLRS) ratio of the RRAM device containing a V2O5/Sm2O3 bilayer is one order of magnitude higher than that of the devices containing a single layer of V2O5 or Sm2O3. We also found that the stacking sequence of the Sm2O3 and V2O5 films in the bilayer structure can affect the switching features of the RRAM, causing them to exhibit both bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behavior and self-compliance behavior. The current conduction mechanisms of RRAM devices with different film structures were also discussed.
First Report of the Red Algal Genus Chondria C. Agardh (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) for the Marine Flora of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Mauya Mst. Zannatun , Rafiquzzaman S.M. , Islam Md. Rashedul , Liao Lawrence M.
Published: June 2019

Epiphytic algae in mangrove forests contribute to high productivity in these unique mangrove ecosystems. A general survey of mangrove-associated macroalgae was conducted during February–March (dry season) and November–December (wet season) in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh. Different macroalgae were collected from mangrove pneumatophores, roots, and branches of trees. During this survey, a small and inconspicuous species of Chondria was encountered from the upper-middle of the intertidal zone in the Malancha River (22°5′11.37″ N and 89°13′12.37″ E). External–internal anatomical traits were examined and the sample was identified as Chondria intertexta Silva, a new record for the algal flora of Bangladesh. Furthermore, its geographical distribution and some other ecological notes are also discussed.
Long-Term Variation in Survival of A Neotropical Freshwater Turtle: Habitat and Climatic Influences
Authors: Garcés-Restrepo Mario F. , Carr John L. , Giraldo Alan
Published: June 2019

Few long-term demographic studies have been conducted on freshwater turtles of South America, despite the need for this type of inquiry to investigate natural variation and strengthen conservation efforts for these species. In this study, we examined the variation in demography of the Chocoan River Turtle (Rhinoclemmys nasuta) based on a population from an island locality in the Colombian Pacific region between 2005 and 2017. We calculated survival, recapture, and transition probabilities, and the effects of stream substrate and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases (El Niño, Neutral, La Niña) on these variables using a multi-state model. We found differences in survival probabilities between ENSO phases, likely as a consequence of an increase in flood events. In addition, we found support for survival being greater in muddy streams than rocky streams, possibly because it is easier to escape or hide in mud substrates. Recapture probabilities varied by life stages; differences in the probability of recapture between size classes were associated with the high fidelity to territories by adults. The present increases in frequency and severity of El Niño and La Niña may exacerbate the consequences of climatic regimes on natural populations of turtles by increasing the mortality caused by drastic phenomena such as floods.
Multiple-Symbol Non-Coherent Detection for Differential QAM Modulation in Uplink Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Dao Hieu Trong , Kim Sunghwan
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we propose a novel multiple-symbol detector based on maximum likelihood metric for differential quadrature amplitude modulation in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. While current research on differential modulation in massive MIMO has focused on two consecutive symbols, our proposed detector is based on multiple-symbol, which is larger than or equal to two. Moreover, we derive new distance based on the proposed detector. To encode and decode data, we apply existing look-up table algorithm using the proposed distance, which is known as optimum encoding algorithm for differential modulation. Simulation results show the improvement based on the bit-error-rate performance since the proposed detector and distance vary according to the channel statistic information.
Representation of Balancing Options for Variable Renewables in Long-Term Energy System Models: An Application to OSeMOSYS
Authors: Gardumi Francesco , Welsch Manuel , Howells Mark , Colombo Emanuela
Published: June 2019

The growing complexity and the many challenges related to fast-changing and highly de-carbonised electricity systems require reliable and robust open source energy modelling frameworks. Their reliability may be tested on a series of well-posed benchmarks that can be used and shared by the modelling community. This paper describes and integrates stand-alone, independent modules to compute the costs and benefits of flexible generation options in the open source energy investment modelling framework OSeMOSYS. The modules are applied to a case study that may work as a benchmark. The whole documentation of the modules and the test case study are retrievable, reproducible, reusable, interoperable, and auditable. They create a case to help establish a FAIR-compliant, user-friendly, and low-threshold model and data standards in modelling practices. As is well known, one of the options for balancing high shares of variable renewables is flexible power generation by dispatchable units. The associated costs need to be considered for short-term operational analyses and for long-term investment plans. The added modules contribute to extending the modelling capacity by introducing (a) costs of ramping, (b) non-linear decrease of efficiency at partial load operation, and (c) refurbishment of existing units in the cost minimisation objective function of OSeMOSYS. From application to the test case study, two main insights are drawn: costs of ramping and decreased partial load efficiency may influence the competitiveness of generation technologies in the provision of reserve capacity; and refurbishment of existing units may represent attractive investment options for increasing flexibility. Both effects are also seen in the long-term and may impact infrastructure investment decisions to meet decarbonisation targets. These effects would not be captured without the introduction of the modules.
Cadmium Addition Effects on Anaerobic Digestion with Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Tian Yonglan , Li Shusen , Li Ying , Zhang Huayong , Mi Xueyue , Huang Hai
Published: June 2019

Anaerobic fermentation with biogas as an energy source is influenced by the presence of heavy metals. However, the availability of the heavy metals is dependent on the digestion temperature. In this study, the impacts of Cd on the characteristics of biogas, substrate biodegradation, and enzyme activity during anaerobic co-digestion were investigated under varying digestion temperatures. The results showed that 1 mg/L initial Cd concentration improved cumulative biogas yields by 404.96%, 16.93%, and 5.56% at 55 °C, 45 °C, and 35 °C, respectively. In contrast, at low temperatures (25 °C), the yield decreased by 0.77%. In the 55 °C group, Cd addition improved the activity of cellulase (p < 0.05) and coenzyme F420 (p < 0.01). The total chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the peak period and the transformation of hydrolytic organic components into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) influenced the CH4 and biogas yields. There were no significant differences in cellulase, dehydrogenase, and coenzyme F420 activities with or without Cd addition when the digestion temperature was 45 °C, 35 °C, and 25 °C. Therefore, thermophilic digestion is recommended for the efficient degradation of Cd-contaminated biowaste. Moreover, the impact of metals on the performance of anaerobic digestion should be considered together with temperature conditions in future research and practice.
Real-Time Reliability Monitoring of DC-Link Capacitors in Back-to-Back Converters
Authors: Abo-Khalil Ahmed G. , Alyami Saeed , Alhejji Ayman , Awan Ahmed B.
Published: June 2019

Electrolytic capacitors have large capacity, low price, and fast charge/discharge characteristics. Therefore, they are widely used in various power conversion devices. These electrolytic capacitors are mainly used for temporary storage and voltage stabilization of DC energy and have recently been used in the renewable energy field for linking AC/DC voltage and buffering charge/discharge energy. However, electrolytic capacitors continue to be disadvantageous in their reliability due to their structural weaknesses due to the use of electrolytes and very thin oxide and dielectric materials. Most capacitors are considered a failure when the capacitance has changed by 25% of its initial value. Accurate and fast monitoring or estimation techniques are essential to be used with low cost and no extra hardware. In order to achieve these objectives, an online, reliable, and high-quality technique that continuously monitors the DC-link capacitor condition in a three-phase back-to-back converter is proposed. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based support vector regression (PSO-SVR) approach is employed for online capacitance estimation based on sensing or deriving the capacitor current. Because the SVR performance alone severely depends on the tuning of its parameters, the PSO algorithm is used, which enables a fast online-based approach with high-parameter estimation accuracy. Experimental results are provided to verify the validity of the method.
A Transient Behavior Study of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Cyclic Current Profiles
Authors: Shi Yan , Janßen Holger , Lehnert Werner
Published: June 2019

This paper reports on the effects of different load profiles on the transient behavior of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). A protocol of six tests, each with different current density ramps, was conducted. The corresponding cell voltage, pressure drop response, and ohmic resistance were then experimentally investigated. The time-dependent voltage profiles were applied to represent the cell performance. The cathodic pressure drop and ohmic resistance were utilized to analyze the water dynamic behavior inside the cell. The voltage overshoot and undershoot behavior were observed throughout the experiment. It was found that with an increase of the current change rates, the magnitude of voltage over/undershoots also increased. When the holding time at the constant current density was zero, the overshoot or undershoot behavior disappeared. The results of the pressure drop analysis showed that the load ramp did not have a significant effect on the average pressure drop in the tests. During the load cyclic operation in each test, the two-phase flow tended to reach equilibrium in the cell. Impedance analysis showed that the ohmic resistance changed with the change in the current density; however, the difference between the tests was not obvious.
Frequency Response Modeling of Transformer Windings Utilizing the Equivalent Parameters of a Laminated Core
Authors: Gawrylczyk Konstanty Marek , Trela Katarzyna
Published: June 2019

The aim of the article is to present the method for modeling transformer winding inductance, taking into account the complex magnetic permeability and equivalent electric conductivity of the magnetic core. In the first stage of the research, a physical model of a 24-turn coil wound on the distribution transformer core was prepared. The Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) measurements of the coil were taken; then, the inductance of the coil as a function of frequency was calculated from the received frequency response curves. In the second stage, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computer models of the coil based on the finite element method (FEM) were established. In order to obtain the equivalent inductance characteristics of the winding modeled in 2D and 3D in a wide frequency range, the equality of the reluctance of the limbs and yokes in both models was assured. In the next stage of the research, utilization of the equivalent properties for the laminated magnetic material simulations was proposed. This outcome can be used to calculate the frequency response of the winding of the power transformer. The other obtained result is the method for modeling the resonance slope, which is visible on the inductance curve received from the FRA measurement.
Thermal Assessment of a Novel Drywall System Insulated with VIPs
Authors: Atsonios Ioannis , Mandilaras Ioannis , Founti Maria
Published: June 2019

Advanced building envelopes targeting high energy performance should combine high thermal performance with easy and fast installation. The combination of lightweight steel-framed building systems with vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) form an attractive solution toward this requirement. In the present study, a lightweight metal frame drywall building insulated with VIPs is constructed and experimentally/theoretically investigated, focusing on the impact of every type of thermal bridges on the thermal performance of the envelope and its upgrade due to the presence of the VIPs at the walls. Temperature measurements obtained at several locations of the envelope, over a period of one year, are presented and analyzed. The results are in agreement with the theoretical values and demonstrate that the VIPs can reduce the thermal transmittance of the central part of the wall by ca. 50%, limiting the impact of metal studs. The paper discusses the impact of dimensional inaccuracies and damaged panels on the thermal performance of the envelope. It is shown that VIP decreases the impact of thermal bridges and reduces the risk of condensation inside the walls.
Multi-Physics Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Finite-Element Method
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Wang Honghua , Zhu Sa , Lu Tianhang
Published: June 2019

The bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM) integrates the switched reluctance motor (SRM) with the magnetic bearings, which avoids mechanical bearings-loss and makes it promising in high-speed applications. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the multi-physics multi-objective optimal design of BSRMs based on finite-element method (FEM) is proposed. At first, the 2-D electromagnetic model of a fabricated initial design prototype is built and solved by the open-source FEM software, Elmer. The iron loss model in Elmer based on the Fourier series is modified by a transient iron loss model with less computation time. Besides, a simplified lumped-parameter (LP) thermal model of the BSRM is applied to estimate the temperature rise of BSRM in the steady state. Then, the comprehensive framework for the multi-physics multi-objective optimal design of BSRMs based on FEM is proposed. The objectives, constraints, and decision variables for optimization are determined. The multi-objective genetic particle swarm optimizer is utilized to obtain the Pareto front of optimization. The electromagnetic performance of the final optimal design is compared with the initial design. Comparison results show that the average electromagnetic torque and the efficiency are significantly enhanced.
The Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency of Power System with Increasing Share of Wind Power in China
Authors: Zhao Jun , Shen Bo
Published: June 2019

Coal-fired power generation will dominate the electricity supply in China in the foreseeable future. Coal fired power units can play a crucial role in integrating intermittent wind energy and improving the overall energy efficiency of the power system. The integration benefits of wind power, along with the gains of high load rates of coal fired units, should be fully taken into account. An optimal model combining wind power and coal fired units is built to analyze the operational flexibility of coal fired units and the integration of wind power. Taking the coal fired units in North China Power Grid as an example, the dispatch costs and benefits are examined under the energy efficiency dispatch mode, in comparison with those under the fair dispatch rules and the installed capacity. The results show that increasing the flexibility of the power system under the energy efficiency dispatch mode may be the best choice for the power system with the high share of coal fired units to integrate more wind power, and that the units delivering flexibility services are financially influenced. The results also indicate that a certain amount of wind power curtailment may be reasonable, and that rational penalty rate and fees for the curtailment of wind power may help to optimize the operation of the power system and integrate more wind power. Based on these results, policy and strategy recommendations are proposed to promote the flexibility of coal fired units and change their operation mode and their dispatch mode in the power system.
Assessing Landscape Fire Hazard by Multitemporal Automatic Classification of Landsat Time Series Using the Google Earth Engine in West-Central Spain
Authors: Quintero Natalia , Viedma Olga , Urbieta Itziar R. , Moreno José M.
Published: June 2019

Annual Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps are needed to identify the interaction between landscape changes and wildland fires. Objectives: In this work, we determined fire hazard changes in a representative Mediterranean landscape through the classification of annual LULC types and fire perimeters, using a dense Landsat Time Series (LTS) during the 1984–2017 period, and MODIS images. Methods: We implemented a semiautomatic process in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to generate annual imagery free of clouds, cloud shadows, and gaps. We compared LandTrendr (LT) and FormaTrend (FT) algorithms that are widely used in LTS analysis to extract the pixel tendencies and, consequently, assess LULC changes and disturbances such as forest fires. These algorithms allowed us to generate the following change metrics: type, magnitude, direction, and duration of change, as well as the prechange spectral values. Results and conclusions: Our results showed that the FT algorithm was better than the LT algorithm at detecting low-severity changes caused by fires. Likewise, the use of the change metrics’ type, magnitude, and direction of change increased the accuracy of the LULC maps by 4% relative to the ones obtained using only spectral and topographic variables. The most significant hazardous LULC change processes observed were: deforestation and degradation (mainly by fires), encroachment (i.e., invasion by shrublands) due to agriculture abandonment and forest fires, and hazardous densification (from open forests and agroforestry areas). Although the total burned area has decreased significantly since 1985, the landscape fire hazard has increased since the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, it is necessary to implement fire management plans focused on the sustainable use of shrublands and conifer forests; this is because the stability in these hazardous vegetation types is translated into increasing fuel loads, and thus an elevated landscape fire hazard.