bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland
Authors: Eugster Werner , Emmel Carmen , Wolf Sebastian , Buchmann Nina , McFadden Joseph P. , Whiteman Charles David
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The vernal equinox total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 produced a maximum occultation of 65.8–70.1 % over Switzerland during the morning hours (09:22 to 11:48 CET). Skies were generally clear over the Swiss Alps due to a persistent high-pressure band between the UK and Russia associated with a rather weak pressure gradient over the continent. To assess the effects of penumbral shading on near-surface meteorology across Switzerland, air temperature data measured at 10 min intervals at 184 MeteoSwiss weather stations were used. Wind speed and direction data were available from 165 of these stations. Additionally, six Swiss FluxNet eddy covariance flux (ECF) sites provided turbulent measurements at 20 Hz resolution. During maximum occultation, the temperature drop was up to 5.8 K at a mountain site where cold air can pool in a topographic depression. The bootstrapped average of the maximum temperature drops of all 184 MeteoSwiss sites during the solar eclipse was 1.51 ± 0.02 K (mean ± SE). A detailed comparison with literature values since 1834 showed a temperature decrease of 2.6 ± 1.7 K (average of all reports), with extreme values up to 11 K. On fair weather days under weak larger-scale pressure gradients, local thermo-topographic wind systems develop that are driven by small-scale pressure and temperature gradients. At one ECF site, the penumbral shading delayed the morning transition from down-valley to up-valley wind conditions. At another site, it prevented this transition from occurring at all. Data from the 165 MeteoSwiss sites measuring wind direction did not show a consistent pattern of wind direction response to the passing of the penumbral shadow. These results suggest that the local topographic setting had an important influence on the temperature drop and the wind flow patterns during the eclipse. A significant cyclonic effect of the passing penumbral shadow was found in the elevation range ≈ 1700–2700 m a. s. l., but not at lower elevations of the Swiss Plateau. This contrasts with an earlier theory that the anticyclonic outflow should reach as far as ≈ 2400 km from the center of the eclipse, which would have included all of Switzerland during the 2015 eclipse. Thus, measurable effects of penumbral shading on the local wind system could be even found at ≈ 2000 km from the path of the eclipse (that is, Switzerland during the 2015 eclipse), and our results tend to lend support to a newer theory that the anticyclonic cold-air outflow from the center of the eclipse only extends ≈ 1600 km outwards, with cyclonic flow beyond that distance.
Quasi 18 h wave activity in ground-based observed mesospheric H2O over Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Lainer Martin , Hocke Klemens , Rüfenacht Rolf , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Observations of oscillations in the abundance of middle-atmospheric trace gases can provide insight into the dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Long-term, high-temporal-resolution and continuous measurements of dynamical tracers within the strato- and mesosphere are rare but would facilitate better understanding of the impact of atmospheric waves on the middle atmosphere. Here we report on water vapor measurements from the ground-based microwave radiometer MIAWARA (MIddle Atmospheric WAter vapor RAdiometer) located close to Bern during two winter periods of 6 months from October to March. Oscillations with periods between 6 and 30 h are analyzed in the pressure range 0.02–2 hPa. Seven out of 12 months have the highest wave amplitudes between 15 and 21 h periods in the mesosphere above 0.1 hPa. The quasi 18 h wave signature in the water vapor tracer is studied in more detail by analyzing its temporal evolution in the mesosphere up to an altitude of 75 km. Eighteen-hour oscillations in midlatitude zonal wind observations from the microwave Doppler wind radiometer WIRA (WInd RAdiometer) could be identified within the pressure range 0.1–1 hPa during an ARISE (Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe)-affiliated measurement campaign at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (355 km from Bern) in France in 2013. The origin of the observed upper-mesospheric quasi 18 h oscillations is uncertain and could not be determined with our available data sets. Possible drivers could be low-frequency inertia-gravity waves or a nonlinear wave–wave interaction between the quasi 2-day wave and the diurnal tide.
Measurements and modeling of surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland
Authors: Carotenuto Federico , Georgiadis Teodoro , Gioli Beniamino , Leyronas Christel , Morris Cindy E. , Nardino Marianna , Wohlfahrt Georg , Miglietta Franco
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Microbial aerosols (mainly composed of bacterial and fungal cells) may constitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biological aerosols are not only relevant to the dispersion of pathogens, but they also have geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungi may, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentially affecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at higher temperatures compared to their inorganic counterparts. Simulations of the impact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack of information regarding their emissions from ground sources. This present work tackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorological approach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterranean grassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model (the PLAnET model) to estimate these emissions on the basis of a few meteorological parameters that are easy to obtain. The grassland is characterized by an abundance of positive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising tool capable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with a relatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancy and will benefit from future campaigns extending the available training dataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomena triggering the emission of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The model itself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemical transport models, allowing further exploration of the impact of land-cover-driven microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate.
First tomographic observations of gravity waves by the infrared limb imager GLORIA
Authors: Krisch Isabell , Preusse Peter , Ungermann Jörn , Dörnbrack Andreas , Eckermann Stephen D. , Ern Manfred , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Kaufmann Martin , Oelhaf Hermann , Rapp Markus , Strube Cornelia , Riese Martin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves are a major cause of uncertainty in atmosphere general circulation models. This uncertainty affects regional climate projections and seasonal weather predictions. Improving the representation of gravity waves in general circulation models is therefore of primary interest. In this regard, measurements providing an accurate 3-D characterization of gravity waves are needed. Using the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), the first airborne implementation of a novel infrared limb imaging technique, a gravity wave event over Iceland was observed. An air volume disturbed by this gravity wave was investigated from different angles by encircling the volume with a closed flight pattern. Using a tomographic retrieval approach, the measurements of this air mass at different angles allowed for a 3-D reconstruction of the temperature and trace gas structure. The temperature measurements were used to derive gravity wave amplitudes, 3-D wave vectors, and direction-resolved momentum fluxes. These parameters facilitated the backtracing of the waves to their sources on the southern coast of Iceland. Two wave packets are distinguished, one stemming from the main mountain ridge in the south of Iceland and the other from the smaller mountains in the north. The total area-integrated fluxes of these two wave packets are determined. Forward ray tracing reveals that the waves propagate laterally more than 2000 km away from their source region. A comparison of a 3-D ray-tracing version to solely column-based propagation showed that lateral propagation can help the waves to avoid critical layers and propagate to higher altitudes. Thus, the implementation of oblique gravity wave propagation into general circulation models may improve their predictive skills.
Noise performance of microwave humidity sounders over their lifetime
Authors: Hans Imke , Burgdorf Martin , John Viju O. , Mittaz Jonathan , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The microwave humidity sounders Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Profiler (SSMT-2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) to date have been providing data records for 25 years. So far, the data records lack uncertainty information essential for constructing consistent long time data series. In this study, we assess the quality of the recorded data with respect to the uncertainty caused by noise. We calculate the noise on the raw calibration counts from the deep space views (DSVs) of the instrument and the noise equivalent differential temperature (NEΔT) as a measure for the radiometer sensitivity. For this purpose, we use the Allan deviation that is not biased from an underlying varying mean of the data and that has been suggested only recently for application in atmospheric remote sensing. Moreover, we use the bias function related to the Allan deviation to infer the underlying spectrum of the noise. As examples, we investigate the noise spectrum in flight for some instruments. For the assessment of the noise evolution in time, we provide a descriptive and graphical overview of the calculated NEΔT over the life span of each instrument and channel. This overview can serve as an easily accessible information for users interested in the noise performance of a specific instrument, channel and time. Within the time evolution of the noise, we identify periods of instrumental degradation, which manifest themselves in an increasing NEΔT, and periods of erratic behaviour, which show sudden increases of NEΔT interrupting the overall smooth evolution of the noise. From this assessment and subsequent exclusion of the aforementioned periods, we present a chart showing available data records with NEΔT  <  1 K. Due to overlapping life spans of the instruments, these reduced data records still cover without gaps the time since 1994 and may therefore serve as a first step for constructing long time series. Our method for count noise estimation, that has been used in this study, will be used in the data processing to provide input values for the uncertainty propagation in the generation of a new set of Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs) that are currently produced in the project Fidelity and Uncertainty in Climate data records from Earth Observation (FIDUCEO).
The sensitivity of benzene cluster cation chemical ionization mass spectrometry to select biogenic terpenes
Authors: Lavi Avi , Vermeuel Michael P. , Novak Gordon A. , Bertram Timothy H.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Benzene cluster cations are a sensitive and selective reagent ion for chemical ionization of select biogenic volatile organic compounds. We have previously reported the sensitivity of a field deployable chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-ToFMS), using benzene cluster cation ion chemistry, for detection of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene and alpha pinene. Here, we present laboratory measurements of the sensitivity of the same instrument to a series of terpenes, including isoprene, α-pinene, β-pinene, D-limonene, ocimene, β-myrcene, farnesene, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene and isolongifolene at atmospherically relevant mixing ratios (
Characterization and correction of stray light in TROPOMI-SWIR
Authors: Tol Paul J. J. , van Kempen Tim A. , van Hees Richard M. , Krijger Matthijs , Cadot Sidney , Snel Ralph , Persijn Stefan T. , Aben Ilse , Hoogeveen Ruud W. M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer module of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), on board the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, is used to measure atmospheric CO and methane columns. For this, calibrated radiance measurements are needed in which the stray light is reduced strongly. Therefore, a method has been developed and applied in an on-ground calibration campaign to characterize stray light in detail using a monochromatic quasi-point light source. The dynamic range of the signal was extended to more than seven orders by combining saturated and unsaturated measurements. An algorithm was then devised to correct in-flight observations in near-real time, based on Van Cittert deconvolution. A fraction of 4.4 % of the detected light is correctable stray light, reducing the stray-light signal for example in a dark forest scene close to bright clouds by a factor of about 10. It is expected that this reduces the stray-light error sufficiently for accurate gas-column retrievals. In addition, the instrument contains five SWIR diode lasers that enable long-term in-flight monitoring of the stray-light distribution.
Hydroclimate variability in Scandinavia over the last millennium – insights from a climate model–proxy data comparison
Authors: Seftigen Kristina , Goosse Hugues , Klein Francois , Chen Deliang
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The integration of climate proxy information with general circulation model (GCM) results offers considerable potential for deriving greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying climate variability, as well as unique opportunities for out-of-sample evaluations of model performance. In this study, we combine insights from a new tree-ring hydroclimate reconstruction from Scandinavia with projections from a suite of forced transient simulations of the last millennium and historical intervals from the CMIP5 and PMIP3 archives. Model simulations and proxy reconstruction data are found to broadly agree on the modes of atmospheric variability that produce droughts–pluvials in the region. Despite these dynamical similarities, large differences between simulated and reconstructed hydroclimate time series remain. We find that the GCM-simulated multi-decadal and/or longer hydroclimate variability is systematically smaller than the proxy-based estimates, whereas the dominance of GCM-simulated high-frequency components of variability is not reflected in the proxy record. Furthermore, the paleoclimate evidence indicates in-phase coherencies between regional hydroclimate and temperature on decadal timescales, i.e., sustained wet periods have often been concurrent with warm periods and vice versa. The CMIP5–PMIP3 archive suggests, however, out-of-phase coherencies between the two variables in the last millennium. The lack of adequate understanding of mechanisms linking temperature and moisture supply on longer timescales has serious implications for attribution and prediction of regional hydroclimate changes. Our findings stress the need for further paleoclimate data–model intercomparison efforts to expand our understanding of the dynamics of hydroclimate variability and change, to enhance our ability to evaluate climate models, and to provide a more comprehensive view of future drought and pluvial risks.
Climatic impact of Arctic Ocean methane hydrate
dissociation in the 21st-century
Authors: Vadakkepuliyambatta Sunil , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Myhre Gunnar , Dalsøren Stig B. , Silyakova Anna , Schmidbauer Norbert , Lund Myhre Cathrine , Mienert Jürgen
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Greenhouse gas methane trapped in sub-seafloor gas hydrates may play an important role in a potential climate feedback system. The impact of future Arctic Ocean warming on the hydrate stability and its contribution to atmospheric methane concentrations remains an important and unanswered question. Here, we estimate the climate impact of released methane from oceanic gas hydrates in the Arctic to the atmosphere towards the end of the 21st century, integrating hydrate stability and atmospheric modeling. Based on future climate models, we estimate that increasing ocean temperatures over the next 100 years could release up to 17 ± 6 Gt C into the Arctic Ocean. However, the released methane has a limited or minor impact on the global mean surface temperature, contributing only 0.1 % of the projected anthropogenic influenced warming over the 21st century.
Thickness of marine Holocene sediment in the Gulf of Trieste
(Northern Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Trobec Ana , Busetti Martina , Zgur Fabrizio , Baradello Luca , Babich Alberto , Cova Andrea , Gordini Emiliano , Romeo Roberto , Tomini Isabella , Poglajen Sašo , Diviacco Paolo , Vrabec Marko
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We use various geophysical datasets (multibeam and singlebeam echosounder data, sub-bottom profiling Chirp and sonar data and very high resolution boomer seismic data) along with published sedimentological data and depth data from nautical charts in order to create models of the depth of the seafloor and the base of Holocene marine sediment in the Gulf of Trieste. The two models are later used in order to calculate the thickness of marine Holocene sediment which has been depositing on the Late Pleistocene alluvial plain since the Holocene transgression in the Italian and Slovenian part of the gulf. Thicker Holocene marine sedimentary sequences averaging at around 5 meters are characteristic for the SE part of the gulf. In other parts of the gulf the Holocene marine sedimentary cover is very thin or even absent, except in close proximity of the shoreline and fluvial sediment sources, in the area of the Trezza Grande paleodelta and above topographic depressions of the Late Pleistocene base. The presented datasets available from the OGS SNAP data repository (https://doi.org/10.6092/6ad9b1e6-c977-cec9-8a2d-db10c7f90adc) represent a valuable reference for a wide variety of research disciplines dealing with the dynamic Earth system in the Gulf of Trieste and could use as a valuable tool for designing sampling and geophysical campaigns in the studied area.
The SPACE 1.0 model: a Landlab component for 2-D calculation of sediment transport, bedrock erosion, and landscape evolution
Authors: Shobe Charles M. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Models of landscape evolution by river erosion are often either transport-limited (sediment is always available but may or may not be transportable) or detachment-limited (sediment must be detached from the bed but is then always transportable). While several models incorporate elements of, or transition between, transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, most require that either sediment or bedrock, but not both, are eroded at any given time. Modeling landscape evolution over large spatial and temporal scales requires a model that can (1) transition freely between transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, (2) simultaneously treat sediment transport and bedrock erosion, and (3) run in 2-D over large grids and be coupled with other surface process models. We present SPACE (stream power with alluvium conservation and entrainment) 1.0, a new model for simultaneous evolution of an alluvium layer and a bedrock bed based on conservation of sediment mass both on the bed and in the water column. The model treats sediment transport and bedrock erosion simultaneously, embracing the reality that many rivers (even those commonly defined as bedrock rivers) flow over a partially alluviated bed. SPACE improves on previous models of bedrock–alluvial rivers by explicitly calculating sediment erosion and deposition rather than relying on a flux-divergence (Exner) approach. The SPACE model is a component of the Landlab modeling toolkit, a Python-language library used to create models of Earth surface processes. Landlab allows efficient coupling between the SPACE model and components simulating basin hydrology, hillslope evolution, weathering, lithospheric flexure, and other surface processes. Here, we first derive the governing equations of the SPACE model from existing sediment transport and bedrock erosion formulations and explore the behavior of local analytical solutions for sediment flux and alluvium thickness. We derive steady-state analytical solutions for channel slope, alluvium thickness, and sediment flux, and show that SPACE matches predicted behavior in detachment-limited, transport-limited, and mixed conditions. We provide an example of landscape evolution modeling in which SPACE is coupled with hillslope diffusion, and demonstrate that SPACE provides an effective framework for simultaneously modeling 2-D sediment transport and bedrock erosion.
Source–receptor matrix calculation for deposited mass with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART v10.2 in backward mode
Authors: Eckhardt Sabine , Cassiani Massimo , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Sollum Espen , Pisso Ignacio , Stohl Andreas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Existing Lagrangian particle dispersion models are capable of establishing source–receptor relationships by running either forward or backward in time. For receptor-oriented studies such as interpretation of "point" measurement data, backward simulations can be computationally more efficient by several orders of magnitude. However, to date, the backward modelling capabilities have been limited to atmospheric concentrations or mixing ratios. In this paper, we extend the backward modelling technique to substances deposited at the Earth's surface by wet scavenging and dry deposition. This facilitates efficient calculation of emission sensitivities for deposition quantities at individual sites, which opens new application fields such as the comprehensive analysis of measured deposition quantities, or of deposition recorded in snow samples or ice cores. This could also include inverse modelling of emission sources based on such measurements. We have tested the new scheme as implemented in the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART v10.2 by comparing results from forward and backward calculations. We also present an example application for black carbon concentrations recorded in Arctic snow.
Prediction of storm transfers and annual loads with data-based mechanistic models using high-frequency data
Authors: Ockenden Mary C. , Tych Wlodek , Beven Keith J. , Collins Adrian L. , Evans Robert , Falloon Peter D. , Forber Kirsty J. , Hiscock Kevin M. , Hollaway Michael J. , Kahana Ron , Macleod Christopher J. A. , Villamizar Martha L. , Wearing Catherine , Withers Paul J. A. , Zhou Jian G. , Benskin Clare McW. H. , Burke Sean , Cooper Richard J. , Freer Jim E. , Haygarth Philip M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Excess nutrients in surface waters, such as phosphorus (P) from agriculture, result in poor water quality, with adverse effects on ecological health and costs for remediation. However, understanding and prediction of P transfers in catchments have been limited by inadequate data and over-parameterised models with high uncertainty. We show that, with high temporal resolution data, we are able to identify simple dynamic models that capture the P load dynamics in three contrasting agricultural catchments in the UK. For a flashy catchment, a linear, second-order (two pathways) model for discharge gave high simulation efficiencies for short-term storm sequences and was useful in highlighting uncertainties in out-of-bank flows. A model with non-linear rainfall input was appropriate for predicting seasonal or annual cumulative P loads where antecedent conditions affected the catchment response. For second-order models, the time constant for the fast pathway varied between 2 and 15 h for all three catchments and for both discharge and P, confirming that high temporal resolution data are necessary to capture the dynamic responses in small catchments (10–50 km2). The models led to a better understanding of the dominant nutrient transfer modes, which will be helpful in determining phosphorus transfers following changes in precipitation patterns in the future.
On the role of building value models for flood risk analysis
Authors: Röthlisberger Veronika , Zischg Andreas P. , Keiler Margreth
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Quantitative flood risk analyses support decisions in flood management policies that aim at cost efficiency. Risk is commonly calculated by a combination of the three quantified factors: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Our paper focuses on the quantification of exposure, in particular on the relevance of building value estimation schemes within flood exposure analyses at regional to national scales. We compare five different models that estimate the values of flood exposed building. Four of them refer to individual buildings, whereas one is based on values per surface area, differentiated by land use category. That one follows an approach commonly used in flood risk analyses at regional or larger scales. Apart from the underlying concepts, the five models differ in complexity, in data and in computational expenses required for parameter estimations, and in the data they require for model application. The model parameters are estimated by using a database of more than half a million building insurance contracts in Switzerland, which are provided by 11 (out of 19) Cantonal insurance companies for buildings that operate under a monopoly within the respective Swiss Cantons. Comparing the five models' results with the spatially referenced insurance data applied directly suggests that models based on individual buildings produce better results than the model based on surface area, but only when they include an individual building's volume. Applying the five models to all of Switzerland produces results that are very similar with regard to the spatial distribution of exposed building values. Therefore, for spatial prioritizations, simpler models are preferable. In absolute values, however, the five models' results differ remarkably. The two simplest models underestimate the overall exposure, and even more so the extreme high values, upon which risk management strategies generally focus. In decision-making processes based on cost-efficiency, this underestimation would result in suboptimal resource allocation for protection measures. Consequently, we propose that estimating exposed building values should be done based on individual buildings rather than on areas of land use types. In addition, a building's individual volume has to be taken into account in order to provide a reliable basis for cost-benefit analyses. The consideration of other building features further improves the value estimation. However, within the context of flood risk management, the optimal value estimation model depends on the specific questions to be answered. The concepts of the presented building value models are generic. Thus, these models are transferrable with minimal adjustments according to the application's purpose and the data available.
Assessing the impact of multiple altimeter missions and Argo in a global eddy-permitting data assimilation system
Authors: Verrier Simon , Le Traon Pierre-Yves , Remy Elisabeth
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) is carried out with a global data assimilation system at 1∕4° resolution using simulated data derived from a 1∕12° resolution free-run simulation. The objective is to not only quantify how well multiple altimeter missions and Argo profiling floats can constrain the global ocean analysis and 7-day forecast at 1∕4° resolution but also to better understand the sensitivity of results to data assimilation techniques used in Mercator Ocean operational systems. The impact of multiple altimeter data is clearly evidenced even at a 1∕4° resolution. Seven-day forecasts of sea level and ocean currents are significantly improved when moving from one altimeter to two altimeters not only on the sea level, but also on the 3-D thermohaline structure and currents. In high-eddy-energy regions, sea level and surface current 7-day forecast errors when assimilating one altimeter data set are respectively 20 and 45 % of the error of the simulation without assimilation. Seven-day forecasts of sea level and ocean currents continue to be improved when moving from one altimeter to two altimeters with a relative error reduction of almost 30 %. The addition of a third altimeter still improves the 7-day forecasts even at this medium 1∕4° resolution and brings an additional relative error reduction of about 10 %. The error level of the analysis with one altimeter is close to the 7-day forecast error level when two or three altimeter data sets are assimilated. Assimilating altimeter data also improves the representation of the 3-D ocean fields. The addition of Argo has a major impact on improving temperature and demonstrates the essential role of Argo together with altimetry in constraining a global data assimilation system. Salinity fields are only marginally improved. Results derived from these OSSEs are consistent with those derived from experiments with real data (observing system evaluations, OSEs) but they allow for more detailed characterisation of errors on analyses and 7-day forecasts. Both OSEs and OSSEs should be systematically used and intercompared to test data assimilation systems and quantify the impact of existing observing systems.
Estimating downwelling solar irradiance at the surface of the tropical Atlantic Ocean: A comparison of PIRATA measurements against several re-analyses and satellite-derived data sets
Authors: Trolliet Mélodie , Walawender Jakub P. , Bourlès Bernard , Boilley Alexandre , Trentmann Jörg , Blanc Philippe , Lefèvre Mireille , Wald Lucien
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This paper assesses the merits and drawbacks of several data sets of the solar downwelling radiation received at the surface of the tropical Atlantic Ocean where the field of solar radiation is hardly known. The data sets are compared to qualified measurements of hourly irradiance made at five buoys of the PIRATA network for the period 2012–2013. The data sets comprise the re-analyses MERRA 2 and ERA 5 and three satellite-derived data sets: HelioClim 3v5, SARAH 2 and CAMS Radiation Service v2. The re-analyses often report cloud-free conditions while actual conditions are cloudy and reciprocally, actual cloudless conditions as cloudy. The medium and high level clouds exhibit more bias than the low level clouds. The re-analyses poorly correlate with the optical state of the atmosphere derived from the measurements. The actual irradiance field is spatially distorted by re-analyses, especially for MERRA 2. Performances are similar between the three satellite-derived data sets. They correlate well with the optical state of the atmosphere and reproduce well the dynamics of the solar irradiance. The three data sets exhibit overestimation with the lowest biases reached by CAMS Radiation Service v2. The bias of HelioClim 3v5 is fairly similar from one location to the other which means that the actual spatial gradients are well reproduced.
From Smileys to Smileycoins: Using a Cryptocurrency in Education
Authors: Stefansson Gunnar , Lentin Jamie
Published: December 2017

This paper describes a cryptocurrency to reward students for their studies. The currency bears the apt name Smileycoin or SMLY and is used within the tutor-web online learning platform. In order to make the SMLY attractive to students several approaches have been used, including support from companies whose services can be purchased for SMLY. The paper describes the use of the SMLY as a reward mechanism in a large undergraduate calculus course, including student adoption, student use of SMLY, coinbase use for education in low-income areas, and response to abuse.
Bitcoin Mining as a Contest
Authors: Dimitri Nicola
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a simple game theoretic framework, assuming complete information, to model Bitcoin mining activity. It does so by formalizing the activity as an all-pay contest: a competition where participants contend with each other to win a prize by investing in computational power, and victory is probabilistic. With at least two active miners, the unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the game suggests the following interesting insights on the motivation for being a miner: while the optimal amount of energy consumption depends also on the reward for solving the puzzle, as long as the reward is positive the decision to be an active miner depends only on the mining costs. Moreover, the intrinsic structure of the mining activity seems to prevent the formation of a monopoly, because in an equilibrium with two miners, both of them will have positive expected profits for any level of the opponent’s costs. A monopoly could only form if the rate of return on investment were higher outside bitcoin.
Caracterização das causas externas em crianças e adolescentes atendidos em serviço de emergência
Authors: Da Silva Rafaela Almeida , Nery Adriana Alves , Rios Marcela Andrade , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Alves Murilo Da Silva
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: descrever as características das causas externas em crianças e adolescentes atendidos em emergência hospitalar. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo, sendo analisados 3154 prontuários referentes às hospitalizações por causas externas envolvendo crianças e adolescentes em um hospital geral no município de Jequié - Bahia, no ano de 2011, de acordo com as características sociodemográficas, tipos de causas externas e atendimento prestado pela unidade de saúde. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Núcleo Hospital de Epidemiologia e analisados por meio do Programa Epi Info, versão 7.0. Resultados: As hospitalizações por causas externas envolvendo crianças e adolescentes corresponderam a 30,1% das ocorrências principalmente devido a quedas (48,8%) e as demais causas (21,4%), sendo em sua maioria indivíduos do sexo masculino (62,9%), na faixa etária entre 15 a 18 anos (26,8%). Conclusão: as principais causas de hopitalizações na emergência foram as quedas, seguidas por contato com animais, acidentes de transportes e agressões. Desta forma, faz-se necessário o planejamento de ações de prevenção de novas ocorrências bem como melhoria no atendimento as vítimas visando minimizar a possibilidade de óbito e de sequelas temporárias ou permanentes.
Estratégia de vacinação contra HPV
Authors: Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Iwamoto Karime Ortiz Fugihara Iwamoto , Teixeira Lhuanna Mária Barbosa
Published: December 2017

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a estratégia de vacinação contra HPV. Método: estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico, descritivo, de base populacional, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações, referentes à vacinação realizada entre janeiro de 2016 e maio de 2017, em meninas dos 9 aos 14 anos e meninos dos 12 aos 13 anos. Resultados: foram aplicadas 70.941 doses de vacina HPV-Q em 2016 e de janeiro a maio de 2017, 36.715 doses (21.505 em meninas e 15.210 em meninos). Comparando com os estados da região Centro-Oeste, a cobertura vacinal goiana ocupou terceiro lugar, ficando atrás do Mato Grosso do Sul e Distrito Federal. Conclusão: a cobertura vacinal goiana é pouco satisfatória quando comparada com demais estados do Centro-Oeste. Há necessidade de adequações na estratégia de vacinação contra HPV. Descritores: Papillomaviridae; Imunização; Epidemiologia; Saúde Pública.ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the strategy of vaccination against HPV. Method: this is a quantitative, epidemiological, descriptive, population-based study conducted with data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program, referring to vaccination between January 2016 and May 2017, in girls aged 9 to 14 and boys aged 12 to 13 years old. Results: there were 70,941 doses of HPV-Q vaccine applied in 2016 and, from January to May 2017, 36,715 doses (21,505 in girls and 15,210 in boys). Compared with the states of the Midwest region, the vaccination coverage in Goiás ranked third, behind Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal District. Conclusion: the vaccination coverage in Goiás is unsatisfactory when compared to other states in the Midwest. There is a need for adjustments to the HPV vaccination strategy. Descriptors: Papillomaviridae; Immunization; Epidemiology; Public Health.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la estrategia de vacunación contra HPV. Método: estudio cuantitativo, epidemiológico, descriptivo, de base populacional realizado con datos del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones, referentes a la vacucación realizada entre enero de 2016 y mayo de 2017, en niñas de 9 a 14 años y niños de 12 a 13 años. Resultados: fueron aplicadas 70.941 dosis de vacuna HPV-Q en 2016 y de enero a mayo de 2017, 36.715 dosis (21.505 en niñas y 15.210 en niños). Comparando con los estados de la Región Centro-oeste, la cobertura de vacunas en Goiás ocupó el tercer lugar, quedando atrás de Mato Grosso do Sul y Distrito Federal. Conclusión: la cobertura de vacunas em Goiás es poco satisfactoria cuando comparada con demás estados del Centro-Oeste. Se necesitan adecuaciones en la estrategia de vacunas contra HPV. Descriptores: Papillomaviridae; Inmunización; Epidemiología; Salud Pública.
Câncer de mama: relato de caso em um hospital particular
Authors: Celestino Nogueira Karla Regina
Published: December 2017

RESUMOObjetivo: relatar um caso de câncer de mama. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado com uma paciente internada em um hospital particular a partir de entrevista individual e exame físico. Resultados: paciente do sexo feminino; há dois anos descobriu que estava com câncer na mama direita, se expandindo para a esquerda. Relata que percebeu enrijecimento na mama direita. Fez 12 seções de quimioterapia. Foi operada dois anos após os primeiros sintomas. Durante a operação, o médico percebeu que o câncer havia se disseminado para a mama esquerda que, aparentemente, só apresentava manchas escuras. Foi realizado enxerto para a reconstrução das mamas. Conclusão: proporcionou aprimorar o conhecimento sobre o câncer de mama; incentivar a prática do autoexame das mamas, conscientizando as mulheres sobre a importância deste e contribuiu para que a paciente tenha tido um tratamento humanizado durante a sua internação. Descritores: Câncer de Mama; Neoplasia da Mama; Mastectomia; Cuidados de Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Objective: to report a case of breast cancer. Method: a qualitative, case-study study performed with a patient admitted to a private hospital based on an individual interview and physical examination. Results: female patient; two years ago found that she had breast cancer right, expanding to the left. She reports that she noticed stiffness in her right breast. She did 12 sessions of chemotherapy. She was operated on two years after the first symptoms. During the operation, the doctor realized that the cancer had spread to the left breast, which, apparently had only dark spots. A graft was performed for breast reconstruction. Conclusion: improved knowledge about breast cancer; encourage the practice of self-examination of the breasts, making women aware of its importance; and contributed to the patient having had a humanized treatment during her hospitalization. Descriptors: Breast Cancer; Breast neoplasm; Mastectomy; Nursing Care.RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar un caso de cáncer de mama. Método: estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de caso, realizado con una paciente internada en un hospital privado a partir de una entrevista individual y examen físico. Resultados: paciente del sexo femenino; hace dos años descubrió que estaba con cáncer en la mama derecha, extendiéndose hacia la izquierda. Relata que percibió rigidez en la mama derecha. Hizo 12 secciones de quimioterapia. Fue operada dos años después de los primeros síntomas. Durante la operación, el médico percibió que el cáncer había diseminado para la mama izquierda, que aparentemente, sólo presentaba manchas oscuras. Se realizó un injerto para la reconstrucción de las mamas. Conclusión: proporcionó mejorar el conocimiento sobre el cáncer de mama; incentivar la práctica del autoexamen de las mamas, concientizando a las mujeres sobre la importancia de éste; y contribuyó para que la paciente haya tenido un tratamiento humanizado durante su internación. Descriptores: Cáncer de Mama; Neoplasia de la Mama; Mastectomía; Cuidados de Enfermería.
Il sonetto conteso: la storia di ‘Naturalmente chere ogne amadore’ tra testo, contesto e finzione.
Authors: Rigo Paolo
Published: December 2017

In questo contributo si prende in esame la questione attributiva di Naturalmente chere ogni amadore, sonetto responsivo alla Vita nova. La tradizione testuale, adiafora, non permette una certezza attributiva, e in questo studio, l’autore, recuperando i vari saggi dedicati alla vicenda, propone alcune riflessioni sul contesto letterario e sui legami tra Dante, Cino da Pistoia, Terino da Castelfiorentino e gli altri corrispondenti di A ciascun’alma presa.
God’s voice or man’s death in May 68. À propos of two short films of Bernardo Bertolucci and Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Suárez Javier
Published: December 2017

May 1968 meant for youth a turn in their ways of representing and acting. Likewise, it meant the complex transformation of cultural, political and economic discourses of which the representation of the divinity was not an exception. This article will describe how Bernardo Bertolucci and Pier Paolo Pasolini represented the divine figure in the context of the Italian 68. As a song by Francesco Guccini states, God is dead but the desire for his resurrection still exists. The analysis focuses on two short films from the collective film Amore e rabbia (1969): "Agonia" by Bertolucci and "The sequence of the fiore di carta" by Pasolini. The analysis shows that far from wishing and declaring divinity’s their death, both authors call into question the divine existence and its relevance in a world characterized by suffering and injustice as well as by solidarity and love. It is in the contradictory interstice between love and rage that the relationship of these directors with the divinity happens.
La poesia testimoniale di Frabotta
Authors: Princiotta Carmelo
Published: December 2017

Il contributo interpreta le nuove poesie di Biancamaria Frabotta in una prospettiva testimoniale. Il trittico, che anticipa il prossimo libro, La materia prima, costituisce probabilmente l’avvio di un quarto tempo nella carriera dell’autrice. La senescenza si confronta con l’adolescenza del libro d’esordio, Il rumore bianco (1982), la testimone con l’«epoca muta e ciarliera», in un gioco a specchio fra passato e presente che, attraverso l’esperienza e il pensiero, medita sulla funzione della poesia nel nostro tempo.
I luoghi nella vita e nell’immaginario di Carlo Cassola
Authors: Andreini Alba
Published: December 2017

La Toscana è per Cassola, nato e vissuto a lungo a Roma, terra elettiva: scelta come luogo di residenza dopo i vent’anni, diventa lo scenario di ambientazione di quasi tutti i suoi lavori. Si esamina qui, sui due fronti biografico e letterario, il legame dello scrittore con i luoghi che più hanno contato per lui e dai quali trae ispirazione: Cecina e Volterra, che insieme all’entroterra maremmano sono i luoghi più legati alle sue esperienze, vengono da lui assunti a categorie per raggruppare in cicli di differente tematica i propri testi, in una sua ipotesi di ordinamento dell’intera produzione. Nella trasposizione letteraria, i luoghi amati, recuperati con lo sguardo stupefatto con cui li scopriva in vacanza da adolescente, sono descritti anche nella loro bellezza paesaggistica, cui resta affidato il lirismo del realismo esistenziale della sua scrittura.
Sensorialidad, cognición y afectividad en el lenguaje de promoción turística: análisis de corpus de los verbos de percepción
Authors: Soto Almela Jorge
Published: December 2017

El lenguaje del turismo se sirve de determinados elementos discursivos con notorio carácter promocional y una marcada función persuasiva. Entre estos elementos se encuentran los verbos de percepción, que desempeñan un papel fundamental en la representación discursiva anticipada de la experiencia turística. En este artículo, nos proponemos precisamente examinar los verbos de percepción sensorial, cognitiva y afectiva en el discurso turístico promocional. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis discursivo basado en un corpus de sitios web institucionales de promoción turística escritos en español. En primer lugar, se realizó un análisis cuantitativo con la intención de identificar la categoría verbal perceptiva con la presencia más alta y, en segundo lugar, se analizó la preferencia semántica de las unidades verbales más frecuentes mediante el estudio de sus coocurrencias habituales. Los resultados apuntan a la cognición como la categoría más numerosa y muestran, además, que la percepción se representa principalmente a través de cinco lemas verbales que manifiestan un comportamiento colocacional concreto y una evidente preferencia semántica dentro de este tipo de discurso.
Critical Race Theory: A Content Analysis of the Social Work Literature
Authors: Campbell Erica
Published: December 2017

Critical Race Theory (CRT) is both a theoretical and practical framework, which promotes a space to deeply engage in discourses of race. CRT highlights the importance of conceptualizing race, racism, power dynamics and structural inequalities. Although the social work profession emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural and racial diversity into social work education, practice and research, the integration of CRT within social work will promote racial competency essential for social work professionals. This article reviewed 14 social work peer-reviewed articles exploring the need to integrate Critical Race Theory.
Descriptive Study of Roofless People in the Post Soviet Georgia
Authors: Sadzaglishvili Shorena , Scharf Stuart , Kalandadze Tinatin
Published: December 2017

Homelessness is a complex problem, resulting from a combination of housing and social exclusion processes. This paper discusses the major factors contributing to homelessness in the post soviet Georgia. Though there is no consensus on understanding conceptual typology, the causes and complexity of homelessness, there are currently three categories of homeless people identified as “homeless” in Georgia. Among them so called “Roofless” people are the most vulnerable groups who need special attention while there is no national strategy on homelessness in place. Mixed methods were used to study homeless people living in a special shelter in Tbilisi. In total, 70 homeless (Mean Age =48, Male – 64%, Female – 36%) were interviewed by semi-structural questionnaire.The results showed that a structural factor - unemployment (90%) is the major cause of homelessness. The other factors include: lack of support system (69%), relationship problems or family breakdown (66%), health problems (64%), mental problems (44%), internal migration (39%), leaving prison (26%), substance abuse (16%). The profile of homeless persons in Georgia is a middle-aged single man; however, the numbers of homeless women, elderly and younger people as well as families with children are growing.Furthermore the paper suggests that understanding the local contexts of poverty can assist government for building the proper national strategy on homelessness and facilitate social inclusion of the most disadvantaged groups of people.
El desarrollo de la investigación científica en los centros regionales: caso de Unah - Tec Danlí
Authors: Orlando Figueroa Raúl , Chávez G. Águeda
Published: December 2017

Sin resumen disponible.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No.20, junio 2017