bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIPK1 protects from TNF-α-mediated liver damage during hepatitis
Authors: Filliol Aveline , Piquet-Pellorce Claire , Le Seyec Jacques , Farooq Muhammad , Genet Valentine , Lucas-Clerc Catherine , Bertin John , Gough Peter J , Dimanche-Boitrel Marie-Thérèse , Vandenabeele Peter , Bertrand Mathieu JM , Samson Michel
Published: November 2016

Cell death of hepatocytes is a prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis of liver disease, while hepatolysis is a starting point of inflammation in hepatitis and loss of hepatic function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte cell death, the role of the cytokines of hepatic microenvironment and the involvement of intracellular kinases, remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a key cytokine involved in cell death or survival pathways and the role of RIPK1 has been associated to the TNF-α-dependent signaling pathway. We took advantage of two different deficient mouse lines, the RIPK1 kinase dead knock-in mice (Ripk1K45A) and the conditional knockout mice lacking RIPK1 only in liver parenchymal cells (Ripk1LPC-KO), to characterize the role of RIPK1 and TNF-α in hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Our results show that RIPK1 is dispensable for liver homeostasis under steady-state conditions but in contrast, RIPK1 kinase activity contributes to caspase-independent cell death induction following ConA injection and RIPK1 also serves as a scaffold, protecting hepatocytes from massive apoptotic cell death in this model. In the Ripk1LPC-KO mice challenged with ConA, TNF-α triggers apoptosis, responsible for the observed severe hepatitis. Mechanism potentially involves both TNF-independent canonical NF-κB activation, as well as TNF-dependent, but canonical NF-κB-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our results suggest that RIPK1 kinase activity is a pertinent therapeutic target to protect liver against excessive cell death in liver diseases.
Mechanism for rapid growth of organic–inorganic halide perovskite crystals
Authors: Nayak Pabitra K. , Moore David T. , Wenger Bernard , Nayak Simantini , Haghighirad Amir A. , Fineberg Adam , Noel Nakita K. , Reid Obadiah G. , Rumbles Garry , Kukura Philipp , Vincent Kylie A. , Snaith Henry J.
Published: November 2016

Optoelectronic devices based on hybrid halide perovskites have shown remarkable progress to high performance. However, despite their apparent success, there remain many open questions about their intrinsic properties. Single crystals are often seen as the ideal platform for understanding the limits of crystalline materials, and recent reports of rapid, high-temperature crystallization of single crystals should enable a variety of studies. Here we explore the mechanism of this crystallization and find that it is due to reversible changes in the solution where breaking up of colloids, and a change in the solvent strength, leads to supersaturation and subsequent crystallization. We use this knowledge to demonstrate a broader range of processing parameters and show that these can lead to improved crystal quality. Our findings are therefore of central importance to enable the continued advancement of perovskite optoelectronics and to the improved reproducibility through a better understanding of factors influencing and controlling crystallization.
Biphasic regulation of chondrocytes by Rela through induction of anti-apoptotic and catabolic target genes
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Chang Song Ho , Mori Daisuke , Itoh Shozo , Hirata Makoto , Hosaka Yoko , Taniguchi Yuki , Okada Keita , Mori Yoshifumi , Yano Fumiko , Chung Ung-il , Akiyama Haruhiko , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae , Saito Taku
Published: November 2016

In vitrostudies have shown that Rela/p65, a key subunit mediating NF-κB signalling, is involved in chondrogenic differentiation, cell survival and catabolic enzyme production. Here, we analysein vivofunctions of Rela in embryonic limbs and adult articular cartilage, and find that Rela protects chondrocytes from apoptosis through induction of anti-apoptotic genes includingPik3r1. During skeletal development, homozygous knockout ofRelaleads to impaired growth through enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, whereas heterozygous knockout ofReladoes not alter growth. In articular cartilage, homozygous knockout ofRelaat 7 weeks leads to marked acceleration of osteoarthritis through enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, whereas heterozygous knockout ofRelaresults in suppression of osteoarthritis development through inhibition of catabolic gene expression. Haploinsufficiency or a low dose of an IKK inhibitor suppresses catabolic gene expression, but does not alter anti-apoptotic gene expression. The biphasic regulation of chondrocytes by Rela contributes to understanding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.
Charge-specific size-dependent separation of water-soluble organic molecules by fluorinated nanoporous networks
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Patel Hasmukh A. , Thirion Damien , Yavuz Cafer T.
Published: November 2016

Molecular architecture in nanoscale spaces can lead to selective chemical interactions and separation of species with similar sizes and functionality. Substrate specific sorbent chemistry is well known through highly crystalline ordered structures such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks and widely available nanoporous carbons. Size and charge-dependent separation of aqueous molecular contaminants, on the contrary, have not been adequately developed. Here we report a charge-specific size-dependent separation of water-soluble molecules through an ultra-microporous polymeric network that features fluorines as the predominant surface functional groups. Treatment of similarly sized organic molecules with and without charges shows that fluorine interacts with charges favourably. Control experiments using similarly constructed frameworks with or without fluorines verify the fluorine-cation interactions. Lack of a σ-hole for fluorine atoms is suggested to be responsible for this distinct property, and future applications of this discovery, such as desalination and mixed matrix membranes, may be expected to follow.
Glacial isostatic uplift of the European Alps
Authors: Mey Jürgen , Scherler Dirk , Wickert Andrew D. , Egholm David L. , Tesauro Magdala , Schildgen Taylor F. , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: November 2016

Following the last glacial maximum (LGM), the demise of continental ice sheets induced crustal rebound in tectonically stable regions of North America and Scandinavia that is still ongoing. Unlike the ice sheets, the Alpine ice cap developed in an orogen where the measured uplift is potentially attributed to tectonic shortening, lithospheric delamination and unloading due to deglaciation and erosion. Here we show that ∼90% of the geodetically measured rock uplift in the Alps can be explained by the Earth’s viscoelastic response to LGM deglaciation. We modelled rock uplift by reconstructing the Alpine ice cap, while accounting for postglacial erosion, sediment deposition and spatial variations in lithospheric rigidity. Clusters of excessive uplift in the Rhône Valley and in the Eastern Alps delineate regions potentially affected by mantle processes, crustal heterogeneity and active tectonics. Our study shows that even small LGM ice caps can dominate present-day rock uplift in tectonically active regions.
Crystal structure of bacterial haem importer complex in the inward-facing conformation
Authors: Naoe Youichi , Nakamura Nozomi , Doi Akihiro , Sawabe Mia , Nakamura Hiro , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi
Published: November 2016

Pathogenic bacteria remove iron from the haem of host tissues and use it as a catalytic center of many enzymes. Haem uptake by pathogenic bacteria is facilitated by the membrane-integrated haem importer, which belongs to the type II ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Here we present crystal structures of Burkholderia cenocepacia haem importer BhuUV complexed with the periplasmic haem-binding protein BhuT and in the absence of BhuT. The transmembrane helices of these structures show an inward-facing conformation, in which the cytoplasmic gate of the haem translocation pathway is completely open. Since this conformation is found in both the haem- and nucleotide-free form, the structure of BhuUV-T provides the post-translocation state and the missing piece in the transport cycle of the type II importer. Structural comparison with the outward-facing conformation reported for the haem importer ortholog HmuUV from Yersenia pestis gives mechanistic insights into conformational transitions and haem secretion during the haem transport cycle.
Metformin decreases progerin expression and alleviates pathological defects of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome cells
Authors: Egesipe Anne-Laure , Blondel Sophie , Lo Cicero Alessandra , Jaskowiak Anne-Laure , Navarro Claire , Sandre-Giovannoli Annachiara De , Levy Nicolas , Peschanski Marc , Nissan Xavier
Published: November 2016

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes systemic accelerated aging in children. This syndrome is due to a mutation in the LMNA gene that leads to the production of a truncated and toxic form of lamin A called progerin. Because the balance between the A-type lamins is controlled by the RNA-binding protein SRSF1, we have hypothesized that its inhibition may have therapeutic effects for HGPS. For this purpose, we evaluated the antidiabetic drug metformin and demonstrated that 48 h treatment with 5 mmol/l metformin decreases SRSF1 and progerin expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from HGPS induced pluripotent stem cells (HGPS MSCs). The effect of metformin on progerin was then confirmed in several in vitro models of HGPS, i.e., human primary HGPS fibroblasts, LmnaG609G/G609G mouse fibroblasts and healthy MSCs previously treated with a PMO (phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide) that induces progerin. This was accompanied by an improvement in two in vitro phenotypes associated with the disease: nuclear shape abnormalities and premature osteoblastic differentiation of HGPS MSCs. Overall, these results suggest a novel approach towards therapeutics for HGPS that can be added to the currently assayed treatments that target other molecular defects associated with the disease.
Erratum: Is the detection of accelerated sea level rise imminent?
Authors: Fasullo J. T. , Nerem R. S. , Hamlington B.
Published: November 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 31245; published online: 10 August 2016; updated: 10 November 2016 In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, there was a typographical error in the legend of Figure S2 where “El Chichón” was incorrectly given as “El Chicón”. In addition, Figure S3 and its accompanying Figure legend were incorrect.
Correction: Corrigendum: Alterations of mitochondrial dynamics allow retrograde propagation of locally initiated axonal insults
Authors: Lassus Benjamin , Magnifico Sebastien , Pignon Sandra , Belenguer Pascale , Miquel Marie-Christine , Peyrin Jean-Michel
Published: November 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32777; published online: 08 September 2016; updated: 10 November 2016.
Cellulase from Trichoderma harzianum interacts with roots and triggers induced systemic resistance to foliar disease in maize
Authors: Saravanakumar Kandasamy , Fan Lili , Fu Kehe , Yu Chuanjin , Wang Meng , Xia Hai , Sun Jianan , Li Yaqian , Chen Jie
Published: November 2016

Trichoderma harzianum is well known to exhibit induced systemic resistance (ISR) to Curvularia leaf spot. We previously reported that a C6 zinc finger protein (Thc6) is responsible for a major contribution to the ISR to the leaf disease, but the types of effectors and the signals mediated by Thc6 from Trichoderma are unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that two hydrolases, Thph1 and Thph2, from T. harzianum were regulated by Thc6. Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) study revealed that Thc6 regulated mRNA expression by binding to GGCTAA and GGCTAAA in the promoters of the Thph1 and Thph2 genes, respectively. Moreover, the Thph1 and Thph2 proteins triggered the transient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated the free cytosolic calcium levels in maize leaf. Furthermore, the genes related to the jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathway were up-regulated in the wild-type maize strain. However, the ΔThph1- or ΔThph2-deletion mutants could not activate the immune defense-related genes in maize to protect against leaf disease. Therefore, we conclude that functional Thph1 and Thph2 may be required in T. harzianum to activate ISR in maize.
A facile one-pot oxidation-assisted dealloying protocol to massively synthesize monolithic core-shell architectured nanoporous copper@cuprous oxide nanonetworks for photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Chen Long , Dong Xin , Yan Jiazhen , Li Ning , Shi Sanqiang , Zhang Shichao
Published: November 2016

In this report, a facile and effective one-pot oxidation-assisted dealloying protocol has been developed to massively synthesize monolithic core-shell architectured nanoporous copper@cuprous oxide nanonetworks (C-S NPC@Cu2O NNs) by chemical dealloying of melt-spun Al 37 at.% Cu alloy in an oxygen-rich alkaline solution at room temperature, which possesses superior photocatalytic activity towards photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). The experimental results show that the as-prepared nanocomposite exhibits an open, bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament-pore structure with length scales of 20 ± 5 nm, in which the ligaments comprising Cu and Cu2O are typical of core-shell architecture with uniform shell thickness of ca. 3.5 nm. The photodegradation experiments of C-S NPC@Cu2O NNs show their superior photocatalytic activities for the MO degradation under visible light irradiation with degradation rate as high as 6.67 mg min−1gcat−1, which is a diffusion-controlled kinetic process in essence in light of the good linear correlation between photodegradation ratio and square root of irradiation time. The excellent photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effects between unique core-shell architecture and 3D nanoporous network with high specific surface area and fast mass transfer channel, indicating that the C-S NPC@Cu2O NNs will be a promising candidate for photocatalysts of MO degradation.
Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite
Authors: Rakhi R. B. , Nayak Pranati , Xia Chuan , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: November 2016

A biosensor platform based on Au/MXene nanocomposite for sensitive enzymatic glucose detection is reported. The biosensor leverages the unique electrocatalytic properties and synergistic effects between Au nanoparticles and MXene sheets. An amperometric glucose biosensor is fabricated by the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme on Nafion solubilized Au/ MXene nanocomposite over glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The biomediated Au nanoparticles play a significant role in facilitating the electron exchange between the electroactive center of GOx and the electrode. The GOx/Au/MXene/Nafion/GCE biosensor electrode displayed a linear amperometric response in the glucose concentration range from 0.1 to 18 mM with a relatively high sensitivity of 4.2 μAmM−1cm−2and a detection limit of 5.9 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility and repeatability. Therefore, the Au/MXene nanocomposite reported in this work is a potential candidate as an electrochemical transducer in electrochemical biosensors.
Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on Mitofusin-1 protein in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in rats
Authors: Yu Jianbo , Wang Ying , Li Zhen , Dong Shuan , Wang Dan , Gong Lirong , Shi Jia , Zhang Yuan , Liu Daquan , Mu Rui
Published: November 2016

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and important oxidative stress in the lung. Mitochondrial fusion responds to the normal morphology and function of cells and is finely regulated by mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as mitofusin-1 protein (Mfn1), mitofusin-2 protein (Mfn2) and optical atrophy 1 (OPA1). Additionally, Mfn1 has been identified as the most important protein in mitochondrial fusion. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible protein that plays a critical role in protecting against oxidative stress. However, whether the protection of HO-1 is related to mitochondrial fusion is still a question. Thus, ourin vitroandin vivoexperiments aimed to identify the relationship between HO-1 and Mfn1. Here, we used Hemin and ZnPP-IX as treatments in anin vivoexperiment. Then, HO-1 and Mfn1 were measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Supernatants were analyzed for MDA, SOD, and ROS. Our results implied that HO-1 upregulation suppressed oxidative stress induced by LPS, and the possible mechanism could be associated with Mfn1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses mitochondrial fission and reduces neointima formation induced by vascular injury
Authors: Wang Hui , Robichaux William G. , Wang Ziqing , Mei Fang C. , Cai Ming , Du Guangwei , Chen Ju , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: November 2016

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation in response to injury plays an important role in the development of vascular proliferative diseases, including restenosis and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to ascertain the physiological functions of exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP isoform 1 (Epac1) in VSMC and to evaluate the potential of Epac1 as therapeutic targets for neointima formation during vascular remodeling. In a mouse carotid artery ligation model, genetic knockdown of the Epac1 gene led to a significant reduction in neointima obstruction in response to vascular injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of Epac1 with an Epac specific inhibitor, ESI-09, phenocopied the effects of Epac1 null by suppressing neointima formation and proliferative VSMC accumulation in neointima area. Mechanistically, Epac1 deficient VSMCs exhibited lower level of PI3K/AKT signaling and dampened response to PDGF-induced mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species levels. Our studies indicate that Epac1 plays important roles in promoting VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switch in response to vascular injury, therefore, representing a therapeutic target for vascular proliferative diseases.
A dynamic in vivo-like organotypic blood-brain barrier model to probe metastatic brain tumors
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Zhongyu , Yu Yue , Sizdahkhani Saman , Ho Winson S. , Yin Fangchao , Wang Li , Zhu Guoli , Zhang Min , Jiang Lei , Zhuang Zhengping , Qin Jianhua
Published: November 2016

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the uptake of many neuro-therapeutic molecules, presenting a formidable hurdle to drug development in brain diseases. We proposed a new and dynamicin vivo-like three-dimensional microfluidic system that replicates the key structural, functional and mechanical properties of the blood-brain barrierin vivo. Multiple factors in this system work synergistically to accentuate BBB-specific attributes–permitting the analysis of complex organ-level responses in both normal and pathological microenvironments in brain tumors. The complex BBB microenvironment is reproduced in this system via physical cell-cell interaction, vascular mechanical cues and cell migration. This model possesses the unique capability to examine brain metastasis of human lung, breast and melanoma cells and their therapeutic responses to chemotherapy. The results suggest that the interactions between cancer cells and astrocytes in BBB microenvironment might affect the ability of malignant brain tumors to traverse between brain and vascular compartments. Furthermore, quantification of spatially resolved barrier functions exists within a single assay, providing a versatile and valuable platform for pharmaceutical development, drug testing and neuroscientific research.
Correction: Corrigendum: Quantifying overlap between the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and predicted bluefin tuna spawning habitat in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hazen Elliott L. , Carlisle Aaron B. , Wilson Steven G. , Ganong James E. , Castleton Michael R. , Schallert Robert J. , Stokesbury Michael J. W. , Bograd Steven J. , Block Barbara A.
Published: November 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 33824; published online: 22 September 2016; updated: 10 November 2016
Intermediate scattering function of an anisotropic active Brownian particle
Authors: Kurzthaler Christina , Leitmann Sebastian , Franosch Thomas
Published: November 2016

Various challenges are faced when animalcules such as bacteria, protozoa, algae, or sperms move autonomously in aqueous media at low Reynolds number. These active agents are subject to strong stochastic fluctuations, that compete with the directed motion. So far most studies consider the lowest order moments of the displacements only, while more general spatio-temporal information on the stochastic motion is provided in scattering experiments. Here we derive analytically exact expressions for the directly measurable intermediate scattering function for a mesoscopic model of a single, anisotropic active Brownian particle in three dimensions. The mean-square displacement and the non-Gaussian parameter of the stochastic process are obtained as derivatives of the intermediate scattering function. These display different temporal regimes dominated by effective diffusion and directed motion due to the interplay of translational and rotational diffusion which is rationalized within the theory. The most prominent feature of the intermediate scattering function is an oscillatory behavior at intermediate wavenumbers reflecting the persistent swimming motion, whereas at small length scales bare translational and at large length scales an enhanced effective diffusion emerges. We anticipate that our characterization of the motion of active agents will serve as a reference for more realistic models and experimental observations.
Multiscale description of avian migration: from chemical compass to behaviour modeling
Authors: Pedersen J. Boiden , Nielsen Claus , Solov’yov Ilia A.
Published: November 2016

Despite decades of research the puzzle of the magnetic sense of migratory songbirds has still not been unveiled. Although the problem really needs a multiscale description, most of the individual research efforts were focused on single scale investigations. Here we seek to establish a multiscale link between some of the scales involved, and in particular construct a bridge between electron spin dynamics and migratory bird behaviour. In order to do that, we first consider a model cyclic reaction scheme that could form the basis of the avian magnetic compass. This reaction features a fast spin-dependent process which leads to an unusually precise compass. We then propose how the reaction could be realized in a realistic molecular environment, and argue that it is consistent with the known facts about avian magnetoreception. Finally we show how the microscopic dynamics of spins could possibly be interpreted by a migrating bird and used for the navigational purpose.
Ethnic Differences in Glucose Homeostasis Markers between the Kyushu-Okinawa Population Study and the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Ikezaki Hiroaki , Ai Masumi , Schaefer Ernst J. , Otokozawa Seiko , Asztalos Bela F. , Nakajima Katsuyuki , Zhou Yanhua , Liu Ching-Ti , Jacques Paul F. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Furusyo Norihiro
Published: November 2016

We compared markers of glucose homeostasis and their association with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Fukuoka, Japanese subjects (n = 1108) and age-, gender- and menopausal status-matched participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 1096). The markers examined included fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and glycated albumin, as well as body mass index (BMI), use of medications, and history of diabetes. The results showed that IFG prevalence in Japanese men (15.9%) and women (7.4%) were 50% less than those observed in Framingham men (34.5%) and women (21.4%) (P < 0.001). However, the diabetes prevalence in Japanese men at 13.3% was twice as high (P < 0.01) as the rate in Framingham men at 6.5%, while these rates were similar in women. Median insulin levels in Japanese men (4.6 μIU/mL) and women (4.3 μIU/mL) were about 50% lower (P < 0.001) than those in Framingham men (10.8 μIU/mL) and women (9.9 μIU/mL), as were insulin resistance values (P < 0.001). These population differences were also observed after subjects were stratified by glucose levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that there is significantly less IFG, lower insulin levels, and insulin resistance, but higher diabetes prevalence in Fukuoka men than in Framingham men, indicating that insulin deficiency may be an important cause of diabetes in Japan.
Population genomic analysis uncovers environmental stress-driven selection and adaptation of Lentinula edodes population in China
Authors: Xiao Yang , Cheng Xuanjin , Liu Jun , Li Chuang , Nong Wenyan , Bian Yinbing , Cheung Man Kit , Kwan Hoi Shan
Published: November 2016

The elucidation of genome-wide variations could help reveal aspects of divergence, domestication, and adaptation of edible mushrooms. Here, we resequenced the whole genomes of 39 wild and 21 cultivated strains of ChineseLentinula edodes, the shiitake mushroom. We identified three distinct genetic groups in the ChineseL. edodespopulation with robust differentiation. Results of phylogenetic and population structure analyses suggest that the cultivated strains and most of the wild trains ofL. edodesin China possess different gene pools and two outlier strains show signatures of hybridization between groups. Eighty-four candidate genes contributing to population divergence were detected in outlier analysis, 18 of which are involved in response to environmental stresses. Gene enrichment analysis of group-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the cultivated strains were genetically diversified in biological processes related to stress response. As the formation of fruiting bodies is a stress-response process, we postulate that environment factors, such as temperature, drove the population divergence ofL. edodesin China by natural or artificial selection. We also found phenotypic variations between groups and identified some wild strains that have potential to diversify the genetic pool for improving agricultural traits ofL. edodescultivars in China.
Viral vector vaccines expressing nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein genes of avian bornaviruses ameliorate homologous challenge infections in cockatiels and common canaries
Authors: Olbert Marita , Römer-Oberdörfer Angela , Herden Christiane , Malberg Sara , Runge Solveig , Staeheli Peter , Rubbenstroth Dennis
Published: November 2016

Avian bornaviruses are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), an often fatal disease of parrots and related species (order Psittaciformes) which is widely distributed in captive psittacine populations and may affect endangered species. Here, we established a vaccination strategy employing two different well described viral vectors, namely recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) that were engineered to express the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein genes of two avian bornaviruses, parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) and canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2). When combined in a heterologous prime/boost vaccination regime, NDV and MVA vaccine viruses established self-limiting infections and induced a bornavirus-specific humoral immune response in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and common canaries (Serinus canaria forma domestica). After challenge infection with a homologous bornavirus, shedding of bornavirus RNA and viral loads in tissue samples were significantly reduced in immunized birds, indicating that vaccination markedly delayed the course of infection. However, cockatiels still developed signs of PDD if the vaccine failed to prevent viral persistence. Our work demonstrates that avian bornavirus infections can be repressed by vaccine-induced immunity. It represents a first crucial step towards a protective vaccination strategy to combat PDD in psittacine birds.
Causal Evidence for the Role of Specific GABAergic Interneuron Types in Entorhinal Recruitment of Dentate Granule Cells
Authors: Lee Cheng-Ta , Kao Min-Hua , Hou Wen-Hsien , Wei Yu-Ting , Chen Chin-Lin , Lien Cheng-Chang
Published: November 2016

The dentate gyrus (DG) is the primary gate of the hippocampus and controls information flow from the cortex to the hippocampus proper. To maintain normal function, granule cells (GCs), the principal neurons in the DG, receive fine-tuned inhibition from local-circuit GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs). Abnormalities of GABAergic circuits in the DG are associated with several brain disorders, including epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer disease. Therefore, understanding the network mechanisms of inhibitory control of GCs is of functional and pathophysiological importance. GABAergic inhibitory INs are heterogeneous, but it is unclear how individual subtypes contribute to GC activity. Using cell-type-specific optogenetic perturbation, we investigated whether and how two major IN populations defined by parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) expression, regulate GC input transformations. We showed that PV-expressing (PV+) INs, and not SST-expressing (SST+) INs, primarily suppress GC responses to single cortical stimulation. In addition, these two IN classes differentially regulate GC responses to θ and γ frequency inputs from the cortex. Notably, PV+ INs specifically control the onset of the spike series, whereas SST+ INs preferentially regulate the later spikes in the series. Together, PV+ and SST+ GABAergic INs engage differentially in GC input-output transformations in response to various activity patterns.
Origin of the Photoluminescence Quantum Yields Enhanced by Alkane-Termination of Freestanding Silicon Nanocrystals: Temperature-Dependence of Optical Properties
Authors: Ghosh Batu , Takeguchi Masaki , Nakamura Jin , Nemoto Yoshihiro , Hamaoka Takumi , Chandra Sourov , Shirahata Naoto
Published: November 2016

On the basis of the systematic study on temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) properties along with relaxation dynamics we revise a long-accepted mechanism for enhancing absolute PL quantum yields (QYs) of freestanding silicon nanocrystals (ncSi). A hydrogen-terminated ncSi (ncSi:H) of 2.1 nm was prepared by thermal disproportination of (HSiO1.5)n, followed by hydrofluoric etching. Room-temperature PL QY of the ncSi:H increased twentyfold only by hydrosilylation of 1-octadecene (ncSi-OD). A combination of PL spectroscopic measurement from cryogenic to room temperature with structural characterization allows us to link the enhanced PL QYs with the notable difference in surface structure between the ncSi:H and the ncSi-OD. The hydride-terminated surface suffers from the presence of a large amount of nonradiative relaxation channels whereas the passivation with alkyl monolayers suppresses the creation of the nonradiative relaxation channels to yield the high PL QY.
Changes in orange juice (poly)phenol composition induced by controlled alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Oliveras-López María-Jesús , Cerezo Ana B. , Escudero-López Blanca , Cerrillo Isabel , Berná Genoveva , Martín Franz , García-Parrilla M. Carmen , Fernández-Pachón María-Soledad
Published: November 2016

(Poly)phenols of fermented orange juice were characterized by UHPLC-MS/MS, and an increase of total content in relation to orange juice was evaluated.
Correction: Differential quantification of SCCA1 and SCCA2 cancer antigens using a hydrogel biochip
Authors: Tikhonov Aleksei A. , Tsybulskaya Maria V. , Butvilovskaya Veronika I. , Savvateeva Elena N. , Belousov Pavel V. , Kuprash Dmitry V. , Solopova Olga N. , Chernichenko Maria A. , Filushin Michail M. , Rubina Alla Yu.
Published: November 2016

Correction for ‘Differential quantification of SCCA1 and SCCA2 cancer antigens using a hydrogel biochip’ by Aleksei A. Tikhonov et al., Anal. Methods, 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6ay02216b.
Rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation of 3-(indolin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with diazo compounds and tandem cyclization leading to hydrogenated azepino[3,2,1-hi]indoles
Authors: Zhou Tao , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan
Published: November 2016

Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C–H activation of 3-(indolin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with diazo compounds and tandem cyclization leading to seven-membered ring scaffolds has been developed.
Real-time monitoring of vesicle pH in an endocytic pathway using an EGF-conjugated two-photon probe
Authors: Heo Cheol Ho , Cho Myoung Ki , Shin Seunggun , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Kim Hwan Myung
Published: November 2016

An EGF-conjugated two-photon probe for real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of luminal pH values during endocytic pathway activity was reported.
The palladium/norbornene-catalyzed ortho-silylmethylation reaction: a practical protocol for ortho-functionalized one-carbon homologation of aryl iodides
Authors: Sui Xianwei , Ding Linlin , Gu Zhenhua
Published: November 2016

We reported the introduction of a functionalized methyl group into the ortho-position using the Catellani reaction.
Multiple binding modes of ibuprofen in human serum albumin identified by absolute binding free energy calculations
Authors: Evoli Stefania , Mobley David L. , Guzzi Rita , Rizzuti Bruno
Published: November 2016

Alchemical free energy methods can identify favored binding modes of a ligand within a large protein with multiple binding sites.
Pursuing reliable thermal analysis techniques for energetic materials: decomposition kinetics and thermal stability of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. , Monogarov Konstantin A. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Fomenkov Igor V. , Kiselev Vitaly G. , Pivkina Alla N.
Published: November 2016

Reliable kinetics of thermolysis for a novel explosive dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) was obtained using a variety of thermoanalytical and kinetic methods and verified by modeling of adiabatic self-heating.
Highly-repeatable generation of very small nanoparticles by pulsed-laser ablation in liquids of a high-speed rotating target
Authors: Resano-Garcia A. , Champmartin S. , Battie Y. , Koch A. , En Naciri A. , Ambari A. , Chaoui N.
Published: November 2016

Very small and pure Ag nanoparticles are generated by pulsed-laser ablation in water of a silver target rotated at a high-speed.
“Head-to-head” double-hamburger-like structure of di-ruthenated d(GpG) adducts of mono-functional Ru–arene anticancer complexes
Authors: Liu Hong-Ke , Kostrhunova Hana , Habtemariam Abraha , Kong Yaqiong , Deeth Robert J. , Brabec Viktor , Sadler Peter J.
Published: November 2016

Unusual “head-to-head” structure of a diruthenated d(GpG) adduct involving direct binding of two chelated Ru arene units to N7 of G together with additional hydrophobic arene–guanine and arene–arene interactions.
Extraction of Nb(v) by quaternary ammonium-based solvents: toward organic hexaniobate systems
Authors: Deblonde Gauthier J-P. , Chagnes Alexandre , Roux Marie-Aude , Weigel Valérie , Cote Gérard
Published: November 2016

A new liquid–liquid extraction system has been developed for the rapid and easy transfer of hexaniobates (HxNb6O19x−8) into organic solvents.
Superflexible, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells utilizing graphene electrodes: towards future foldable power sources
Authors: Yoon Jungjin , Sung Hyangki , Lee Gunhee , Cho Woohyung , Ahn Namyoung , Jung Hyun Suk , Choi Mansoo
Published: November 2016

With rapid and brilliant progress in performance over recent years, perovskite solar cells have drawn increasing attention for portable power source applications.
Development of a dye molecule-biocatalyst hybrid system with visible-light induced carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2 as a feedstock
Authors: Amao Yutaka , Ikeyama Shusaku , Katagiri Takayuki , Fujita Kohei
Published: November 2016

Recently, CO2 utilization technology, including artificial photosynthesis, has received much attention. In this field, CO2 is used as a feedstock for fuels, polymers and in other chemical processes. Of note are malic enzymes (MEs) which catalyze the reaction of malic acid to pyruvic acid and CO2 with the co-enzyme NADP+, and catalyze the reverse reaction of pyruvic acid and CO2 to malic acid with the co-enzyme NADPH. Thus, MEs are also an attractive biocatalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2. Studies of the visible light-induced malic acid production from pyruvic acid and CO2 using an electron donor, a photosensitizer, an electron mediator, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, NADP+, and ME have been reported. However, modification of these systems is required, as they are very complicated. In this study, the visible light-induced carbon–carbon bond formation from pyruvic acid and CO2 with ME using the photoreduction of 1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt derivatives as a novel electron mediator with water-soluble tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (H2TPPS) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor was developed. When a sample solution containing TEOA, H2TPPS, 1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt derivative, pyruvic acid, and ME in CO2-saturated bis–tris buffer was irradiated, the major product was oxaloacetic acid. Thus, a visible light-induced photoredox system for carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2 with ME using 1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt derivative as an electron mediator was developed.
Inter-calibration of a proposed new primary reference standard AA-ETH Zn for zinc isotopic analysis
Authors: Archer Corey , Andersen Morten B. , Cloquet Christophe , Conway Tim M. , Dong Shuofei , Ellwood Michael , Moore Rebekah , Nelson Joey , Rehkämper Mark , Rouxel Olivier , Samanta Moneesha , Shin Ki-Cheol , Sohrin Yoshiki , Takano Shotaro , Wasylenki Laura
Published: November 2016

We have prepared and calibrated a large volume of pure, concentrated and homogenous zinc standard solution.
The redox mechanism of NpVI with hydrazine: a DFT study
Authors: Cheng Zhong-Ping , Wu Qun-Yan , Liu Yun-Hai , Lan Jian-Hui , Wang Cong-Zhi , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: November 2016

The probable reduction mechanisms of NpVI with N2H4 are investigated by proposing three probable pathways based on the results of theoretical calculations.
Optimization of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ-infiltrated YSZ electrodes for solid oxide fuel cell/electrolysis cell
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Yang Zhibin , Han Minfang , Chang Jieshan
Published: November 2016

The Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC) oxygen electrode has attracted much interest due to its high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity.
Grouping and aggregation of ligand protected Au9 clusters on TiO2 nanosheets
Authors: Al Qahtani Hassan S. , Higuchi Rintaro , Sasaki Takayoshi , Alvino Jason F. , Metha Gregory F. , Golovko Vladimir B. , Adnan Rohul , Andersson Gunther G. , Nakayama Tomonobu
Published: November 2016

Au9 clusters forming groups of clusters on titania nanosheets at least partially consist of individual clusters both before and after annealing. Au9 clusters also can attach as individual clusters.
Microwave-assisted sonochemical synthesis of Cu and Mn doped GSH–ZnS polypeptide quantum dots and their enhanced photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Shi Jian-Jun , Gong Lei , Zhang Yan-Hong , Yang Ping , He Jie
Published: November 2016

The GSH–CuxMnyZnS were prepared by a facile microwave-assisted sonochemical synthesis approach. The enhanced PEC property of Cu and Mn doped GSH–ZnS was proved by photoelectrochemical experiments.
An elegant and handy selective sensor for ppt level determination of mercury ions
Authors: Anju M. , Divya T. , Nikhila M. P. , Kusumam T. V. Arsha , Akhila A. K. , Ansi V. A. , Renuka N. K.
Published: November 2016

Competitive adsorption of Hg2+ on graphene in the presence of fluorescein leads to mercury sensing ability for the graphene dye unit.
Functionalized α,β-ynones: efficient ligand for Cu catalyzed Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Wang Xian , Wang Zhenhua , Xie Zunyuan , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: November 2016

1,3-Yones as σ-, π-electron donating ligands significantly accelerated the cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes, in which as low as 0.1 to 1 mol% of CuI were efficiently activated.
Polyurea coatings for enhanced blast-mitigation: a review
Authors: Iqbal N. , Tripathi M. , Parthasarathy S. , Kumar D. , Roy P. K.
Published: November 2016

Major developments in the area of blast mitigation using polyurea coatings as retrofit or existing structures are discussed.
Correction: Improvement of cytocompatibility of 3D-printing resins for endothelial cell adhesion
Authors: Lu Zuyan , Jiang Xia , Zuo Xiao , Feng Li
Published: November 2016

Correction for ‘Improvement of cytocompatibility of 3D-printing resins for endothelial cell adhesion’ by Zuyan Lu et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 102381–102388.
Correction: High efficiency of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes on functionalized graphite felt as electrode in vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Chang Yu-Chung , Shih Yu-Chen , Chen Jian-Yu , Lin Guan-Yi , Hsu Ning-Yih , Chou Yi-Sin , Wang Chen-Hao
Published: November 2016

Correction for ‘High efficiency of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes on functionalized graphite felt as electrode in vanadium redox flow battery’ by Yu-Chung Chang et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 102068–102075.
Heterogeneity of crowded cellular fluids on the meso- and nanoscale
Authors: Stiehl Olivia , Weiss Matthias
Published: November 2016

Advanced light microscopy methods reveal that crowded cellular fluids feature a distinct, heterogeneity that differs significantly from simple bio-mimetic fluids.
Theoretical perspective of energy harvesting properties of atomically thin BiI3
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bing , Xiang Long-Jun , Li Hai-Bin
Published: November 2016

Single-layer BiI3is predicted as a promising candidate for future low-dimensional solar energy conversion applications.
Control of particle uptake kinetics from particulate mesoporous silica films by cells through covalent linking of particles to the substrate – towards sequential drug delivery for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Wiltschka Oliver , Scheitenberger Philipp , Lindén Mika
Published: November 2016

A sequential release of biological cues is of high interest in tissue engineering applications, as both the proliferation and the differentiation of stem cells can be drugged.
Reversible sol–gel–sol medium for enzymatic optical biosensors
Authors: Safaryan Sofia M. , Yakovlev Aleksandr V. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. , Vinogradov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2016

In this paper we for the first time report a reversible sol–gel–sol approach to obtain optical enzymatic biosensors with improved enzyme stability and good sensitivity by using desktop inkjet printing.
Improved charge carrier transport in ultrathin poly(3-hexylthiophene) films via solution aggregation
Authors: Janasz Lukasz , Chlebosz Dorota , Gradzka Marzena , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Marszalek Tomasz , Müllen Klaus , Ulanski Jacek , Kiersnowski Adam , Pisula Wojciech
Published: November 2016

Field-effect transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) ultrathin films exhibit maximum charge carrier mobilities of up to 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Responsive aggregation-induced emissive supramolecular gels based on bis-cyanostilbene derivatives
Authors: Ma Yao , Cametti Massimo , Džolić Zoran , Jiang Shimei
Published: November 2016

A novel π-conjugated AIE supramolecular gel reversibly responds to light and, selectively, to TFA vapor through a gel-to-sol transformation.
Quantitative prediction of morphology and electron transport in crystal and disordered organic semiconductors
Authors: Yavuz Ilhan , Lopez Steven A. , Lin Janice B. , Houk K. N.
Published: November 2016

The morphologies and electron mobilities for 20 single-crystal and 21 thin-film organic n-type semiconductors are predicted using a multi-mode methodology previously applied by our group for p-type materials [I. Yavuz, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137, 2856–2866].
Being right on Q: shaping eukaryotic evolution
Authors: Speijer Dave
Published: November 2016

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by mitochondria is an incompletely understood eukaryotic process. I proposed a kinetic model [BioEssays (2011) 33, 88–94] in which the ratio between electrons entering the respiratory chain via FADH2 or NADH (the F/N ratio) is a crucial determinant of ROS formation. During glucose breakdown, the ratio is low, while during fatty acid breakdown, the ratio is high (the longer the fatty acid, the higher is the ratio), leading to higher ROS levels. Thus, breakdown of (very-long-chain) fatty acids should occur without generating extra FADH2 in mitochondria. This explains peroxisome evolution. A potential ROS increase could also explain the absence of fatty acid oxidation in long-lived cells (neurons) as well as other eukaryotic adaptations, such as dynamic supercomplex formation. Effective combinations of metabolic pathways from the host and the endosymbiont (mitochondrion) allowed larger varieties of substrates (with different F/N ratios) to be oxidized, but high F/N ratios increase ROS formation. This might have led to carnitine shuttles, uncoupling proteins, and multiple antioxidant mechanisms, especially linked to fatty acid oxidation [BioEssays (2014) 36, 634–643]. Recent data regarding peroxisome evolution and their relationships with mitochondria, ROS formation by Complex I during ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and supercomplex formation adjustment to F/N ratios strongly support the model. I will further discuss the model in the light of experimental findings regarding mitochondrial ROS formation.
Systematic approaches to identify E3 ligase substrates
Authors: Iconomou Mary , Saunders Darren N.
Published: November 2016

Protein ubiquitylation is a widespread post-translational modification, regulating cellular signalling with many outcomes, such as protein degradation, endocytosis, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and transcription. E3 ligases are a critical component of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), determining the substrate specificity of the cascade by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins. Currently, there are over 600 putative E3 ligases, but many are poorly characterized, particularly with respect to individual protein substrates. Here, we highlight systematic approaches to identify and validate UPS targets and discuss how they are underpinning rapid advances in our understanding of the biochemistry and biology of the UPS. The integration of novel tools, model systems and methods for target identification is driving significant interest in drug development, targeting various aspects of UPS function and advancing the understanding of a diverse range of disease processes.
Atomic and electronic structure of CdTe/metal (Cu, Al, Pt) interfaces and their influence to the Schottky barrier
Authors: Odkhuu Dorj , Miao Mao-sheng , Aqariden F. , Grein Christoph , Kioussis Nicholas
Published: November 2016

Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) and other features of the interfaces are determining factors for the performance of the CdTe based high-energy photon detectors. Although known for long time that SBH is sensitive to surface treatment and metal contact growth method, there is a lack of understanding of the effect of the atomic and electronic structures of CdTe/metal interface on the SBH. Employing first-principles electronic structure calculations, we have systematically studied the structural stability and electronic properties of a number of representing structures of Cd Terminated CdTe/metal (Cu, Pt, and Al) interfaces. Comparison of the total energies of the various optimized structural configurations allows to identify the existence of Te-metal alloy formation at the interface. The SBHs of Cu, Pt, and Al metal contacts with a number of stable interface structures are determined by aligning the band edges of bulk CdTe with the Fermi level of the metal/CdTe system. We find that the metal-induced states in the gap play an essential role in determining the SBH.