bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Low-dose Rituximab in Minimal Change Disease and Prevention of Relapse
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Hui , Li Xiaoli , Qian Rui , Gao Peijuan , Lu Shouyan , Ma Zhigang
Published: June 2022

Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) is a major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children and in a minority of adults. Higher tendency to relapse put patients at risk of prolonged exposure of steroids and other immunosuppressive agents. Selective depletion of B cells with rituximab (RTX) may benefifit the autoimmune glomerular disease. Methods: Twenty-two MCD patients were designated as the relapse treatment group，who were treated with low-dose RTX (4 infusions of 200 mg once a week, 200 mg was added every 6 months thereafter) in this study to demonstrate efficacy and adverse effect. Eleven patients who achieved complete remission after steroid therapy were also included and they were designated as the relapse prevention group. For these patients, our main purpose was to use RTX (200 mg once every 6 months) to observe its efficacy in preventing the disease relapse. Results: Twenty-one patients in the relapse treatment group achieved remission during a mean follow-up of 18.5 months after rituximab administration. Only one of the patients in partial remission had relapsed. Eleven patients in the relapse prevention group were followed up for 14.7 months after RTX treatment in a stable condition with no relapse. The average dose of steroids in both groups at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that before RTX.Conclusions: Low-dose RTX is efficient and safe in adult patients suffering from severe steroid-dependent minimal change disease. In addition, both of the relapse rate and dose of steroids used are significantly decreased with fewer side effects.
The Study of Migration Mechanism of Soil Water and Salinity during Freezing-thawing Process of Double Ridges Mulching
Authors: Ma Bo , He Jinyu , Zhao Wenjuan
Published: June 2022

The freezing and thawing process caused soil water and salinity migration from depth to surface that led to massive evaporation and soil salination in spring. Ridges mulching is a very efficient method not only improved soil temperature, restrain evaporation, collected precipitation, but do not affected cultivation. Soil water characteristic curves reveal the relationship of soil water and soil suction, has very important meaning to research soil water migration. The study selected two kinds side mulching methods and one control as objects, the two kinds side mulching methods was weave overlay plastic film and weave, one control was bare soil. van Genuchten (VG) and Brooks and Corey (BC) models were adopted to simulated soil water characteristic curve in the freezing-thawing process. The result showed that VG model has higher simulation accuracy, and the coefficients of determination R2 are above 0.9 and nRMSE are less than 10% for BS, W and FW simulation tests except for W and FW conditions of 5 cm. The soil temperature from 0 to 30 cm depth during freezing was highest in FW, second in W, and lowest in BS. Soil water and salinity have migrated during freezing-thawing process, compared with before freezing, soil water increased from 30 cm depth under bare soil conditions and from 15 cm under mulching cover conditions after the end of freezing-thawing, and the same pattern for soil EC, from 15cm depth under mulching conditions soil EC values increased, the EC values at 15cm depth under bare soil conditions still decreasing. The study achievement can provide a reference for the study of water-salinity migration and water characteristic curves during freezing and thawing of soils in arid and cold regions, and also provide a theoretical basis for soil water conservation, suppression of evaporation from farmland and salinity accumulation in topsoil.
Towards Inclusive Green Growth in Africa: Critical energy efficiency synergies and governance thresholds
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Gbolonyo Emmanuel , Ojong Nathanael
Published: June 2022

This study contributes to the scholarly literature on the drive towards sustainable development in light of the UN’s Agenda 2030 and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 by examining pathways through which energy efficiency (EE) promotes inclusive green growth (IGG) in Africa. Our contribution is novel from both the conceptual and empirical perspectives. With regard to the former, we develop a framework on how EE and governance feed into IGG, and on the latter, our contribution is based on country-level data for 23 African countries for the period 1996 – 2020. First, evidence from the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator shows that EE is not unconditionally effective for spurring IGG. Second, we find that governance is both directly, and indirectly effective for repackaging EE to foster IGG. In particular, the evidence suggests that governance mechanisms for controlling corruption while ensuring regulatory quality and government effectiveness are keys for forming relevant synergies with EE to foster IGG. Third, regarding the socioeconomic sustainability (SES) and environmental sustainability (EVS) dichotomy of IGG, we find that the EE-governance pathway is more effective for driving the latter compared to the former. We also make some policy recommendations.
Small patches are disproportionately important for biodiversity conservation, despite ecosystem decay
Authors: Riva Federico , Fahrig Lenore
Published: June 2022

Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often extrapolated to infer negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity at a landscape scale. However, such cross-scale extrapolations often fail, undermining the effectiveness of policies based on them. Forty-two percent of the manuscripts that cited a recent, landmark patch-scale analysis (Chase et al. 2020, Nature 584, 238–243) used it to infer negative fragmentation effects, despite the fact that Chase et al. cautioned against such extrapolation. We use the same dataset used by Chase et al. to test whether it is valid to extrapolate their observed patch-scale patterns to a landscape scale. We compare species diversity across many small vs. few large patches totaling the same area and sampling effort, while accounting for the patch-scale "ecosystem decay" observed in Chase et al. We find that landscape-scale patterns are opposite to their equivalent patch-scale patterns. For an equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with mean size of the patches comprising that habitat area, whether considering all species or only species of conservation concern. Thus, landscape-scale processes (e.g., turnover) enhance biodiversity across sets of many small patches despite ecosystem decay within each patch, and this is not due to incursion of generalist species into small patches. Our results confirm that patch-scale biodiversity patterns can rarely be extrapolated to a landscape scale. Most importantly, they highlight that conservation should recognize the value of small habitat patches as an important asset for preserving biodiversity worldwide.
Knowledge and practices toward Hepatitis B virus infection among Healthcare workers in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Coffie Patrick Ahuatchi , Boni Simon , Bitty-Anderson Alexandra , Niangoran Serge B. , Touré Frank Y. , Tchabert Annick G. , Ello Frédéric N. , Tchounga Boris K. , Allah-Kouadio Emile , Ekouevi Didier K.
Published: June 2022

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are key players in the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa. Data on their knowledge and practices are scarce in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practices of HCWs from three regions of Côte d’Ivoire toward HBV infection, and to identify their associated factors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2019 in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire: Abidjan (South), Bouaké (Center) and Korhogo (North). Five tertiary, 13 secondary and 13 primary health facilities were selected. All HCWs from the selected centers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, laboratory technicians and care assistants, aged 18 years and above, who agreed to participate were included. A standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with good knowledge, HBV infection screening and vaccination uptake.Results: A total of 705 HCWs were included at a median age of 37 years [IQR: 32-44]: 193 (27.4%) physicians, 185 (26.2%) nurses, 119 (16.9%) midwives, 77(10.9%) laboratory technicians and 131 (18.6%) care assistants. Overall, 239 (33.9%) had good knowledge, 403 (57.2%) were screened, 505 (71.6%) received at least one dose of HBV vaccine, and 219 (31.1%) had been exposed to blood and/or body fluids in the previous 12 months. Predictors for good knowledge included being a physician and working in a tertiary health facility. Predictors for screening included being a laboratory technician and working in a tertiary health facility, while those for vaccination included being a female and having had a history of screening.Conclusions: This study showed a relatively poor level of knowledge and practices of HCWs toward HBV infection in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, training on HBV knowledge and primary prevention measures should be implemented among HCWs as well as national public health policies and strategies for HBV screening and vaccination.
Values and their Congruence as Predictors for Organizational Commitment
Authors: Țânculescu-Popa Lavinia , Bostan Cristina Maria
Published: June 2022

Individual values and the congruence between the individual and the organizational values are important elements that help companies motivate their people by developing their employees’ organizational commitment. Participants from 6 major industries in Romania answered voluntarily to a set of questions regarding values and organizational commitment. Out of a set of seven value (i.e., emphasis on rewards, competitiveness, innovation, performance orientation, social responsibility, stability, and supportiveness; Sarros et al., 2005) to explain the three types of organizational commitment (i.e., affective, normative and continuance commitment), social responsibility, innovation and stability have a significant incremental effect. Findings indicate that social responsibility answers for 9.4% of affective commitment and for 9% of normative Commitment. Innovation adds 1.2% to the explanation of affective commitment and stability explains 4% of continuance commitment. Social responsibility together with stability values are linked to environment, not only the environment of the organization, but the environment in the broader sense. The paper provides insights on how companies, considering those values dimensions, cherish each employee’s distinct individuality and contribution and build a track record of vivid inclusion practices. Results of the current research companies could better tailor their recruitment and selection practices, retention programs, secure talent and, ultimately, save costs.
Accurate shot-noise-limited calibration of a time-domain balanced homodyne detector for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Guo Xubo , Jia Yanxiang , Zhang Yu , Lu Zhenguo , Liu Jianqiang , Li Yongmin
Published: June 2022

The time-domain balanced homodyne detector (TBHD) is critical component in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). The shot-noise-limited attribute of a TBHD depends on the whole spectrum of detector, in contrast to a frequency-domain balanced homodyne detector that focuses only on part of the spectrum. We propose a method for accurate calibration of the shot-noise-limited attribute of the TBHD by overlapping the gain lines of the TBHD and an integrated photodetector. The overlapping of two lines indicates that the detector is indeed shot noise limited, which is crucial to the security of CVQKD. Experimentally, we use this method to obtain a calibration error of ±1‰. Theoretical analysis showed that the CVQKD performance is very sensitive to calibration errors of shot noise, and proper countermeasures should be employed to eliminate this issue. The presented methods are expected to contribute to CVQKD security and TBHD standardization.
Climate change and nutrient fluctuations interact to affect ecological networks in lakes
Authors: Merz Ewa , Saberski Erik , Gilarranz Luis J. , Isles Peter , Sugihara George , Berger Christine , Pomati Francesco
Published: June 2022

Climate change interacts with local processes to threaten biodiversity by disrupting the complex network of ecological interactions, wherein variation in network links drastically affects ecosystems (e.g., species loss). However, how ecological networks respond to climate change is largely unknown. We herein consider 24–43 years of monthly data from plankton communities in five peri-alpine Swiss lakes subject to warming and re-oligotrophication. Using empirical dynamic modeling, we show that the number and strength of causal taxa interactions respond nonlinearly, yet predictably, to water temperature and phosphorus. Warming reduces the connectance of ecological networks, particularly under high phosphate levels. This network reorganization shifts trophic control of food webs, leading to consumers being controlled by resources—signaling stability loss. By exposing the outcomes of complex interactions between warming, nutrient supply and plankton ecology, our results provide tools for studying and advancing our understanding of how climate change impacts the fabric of biodiversity.
Effect of Barely (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Blending Ratios on Injera in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: WoldeMariam Lamrot , Mamo Gosa , Woldyes Fikirte
Published: June 2022

Background
Ethiopians are dependent on teff flour to make injera as staple food. In Ethiopia, although injera could be made from different cereals, The price of teff is high and the yield is low. Thus finding alternative cheaper grain and developing blend potato and barley improved variety in different ratio with acceptable and improved nutritional value would be important.
Methods
This study was conducted to determine effects of blending ratios on Proximate, mineral composition and sensory acceptability of barley and potato composite injera. Proximate and mineral analysis of injera was done using standard methods, and sensory evaluation was made using 5-point hedonic scales. Seven parameters were prepared to evaluate the effect of blending ratio on color, taste; texture, appearance, flavor, roll ability and sourness of Injera.
Result
From the study result injera proximate quality ranked B1 to B3 could be used as an alternative option for injera utilization and provide nutritional benefit to consumers ,minerals like iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium were increased as proportion of potato flour increased for both potato barely composite injera, High iron (70.89ppm), zinc (37.53 ppm) and calcium (684.65ppm and magnesium (663.59ppm)) contents were obtained from B3 for iron and zinc and B4 for calcium and magnesium of potato barely blended injera. The sensory quality such as color, taste, appearance and flavor of injera became unacceptable beyond B3.
Conclusion
In general from proximate composition, minerals and sensory quality perspective blending ratios from B1 to B3 could be used as an alternative option for injera utilization and provide nutritional benefit to consumers. The outcome of the research has a significant implication in food security and nutrition security
Activity networks determine project performance
Authors: Vazquez Alexei , Pozzana Iacopo , Kalogridis Georgios , Ellinas Christos
Published: June 2022

Projects are characterised by activity networks with a critical path, a sequence of activities from start to end, that must be finished on time to complete the project on time. Watching over the critical path is the project manager’s strategy to ensure timely project completion. This intense focus on a single path contrasts the broader complex structure of the activity network, and is due to our poor understanding on how that structure influences this critical path. Here, we use a generative model and detailed data from 77 real world projects (+$10bn total budget) to demonstrate how this network structure forces us to look beyond the critical path. We introduce a duplication-split model of project schedules that yields (i) identical power-law in- and-out degree distributions and (ii) a vanishing fraction of critical path activities with schedule size. These predictions are corroborated in real projects. We demonstrate that the incidence of delayed activities in real projects is consistent with the expectation from percolation theory in complex networks. We conclude that delay propagation in project schedules is a network property and it is not confined to the critical path.
Well drilling with combined pressure control
Authors: Zaitsev V. I. , Karpikov A. V.
Published: June 2022

The research deals with the analysis of new technologies for drilling oil and gas wells including the technology of managed pressure drilling (MPD). A consideration is given to the equipment for creating differential pressure in the wellreservoir system, which is supplied by the foreign companies Schlumberger, M-I SWACO, AKROS, etc. The analysis is given to the application of the basic complex of managed pressure drilling equipment, which includes the installation of back-pressure control, nitrogen compressor station, choke manifold, separator, rotary wellhead dock, flare tower with ignition system and hardware and software complex. The article also deals with the implementation options of the managed pressure drilling technology through the use of a sealed circulation system, which simplifies the well flushing scheme and ensures smooth adjustment of the flushing agent pressure at the bottomhole. A viable possibility of the presented basic MPD equipment and the attached software and hardware complex to determine the permissible values of reservoir fracturing pressure and formation pressure is studied in order to monitor the pressure profile in the casing annulus. It has been found that managed pressure drilling as a fundamentally new primary penetration technology for the hydrodynamic conditions of the reservoir allows to perform drilling in the zones with almost any initial absorption rate. That means that we do not stop sinking by boring (i.e. circulation) and do not increase the equivalent pressure on the horizon that depends on the equivalent circulating density. The adjustment involves the approximation of the equivalent pressure on the horizon to the formation pressure. The technological process of managed pressure drilling with the use of the discussed equipment will enable better understanding of the efficiency of this drilling technology by the drilling personnel and contribute to its more conscious application by domestic companies.
In memory of professor Viktor Konstantinovich Kosenok
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2022

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Symbolic approach to the analysis of the formation of Eurasian identity
Authors: Ten Y. P.
Published: June 2022

The author provides a symbolic approach to understanding the nature of the construction of the Eurasian identity within the framework of the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The purpose of the study is to give a philosophical analysis of the formation of a symbolic model of the Eurasian identity. The author uses dialectical, phenomenological and systemic approaches. The key idea is that symbols can be seen as a social technology for creating an identity. The author states that the symbolic model of the Eurasian Economic Union is formed according to the logic of integration – disintegration of connection – separation from the Soviet symbolic system. Within the framework of the EAEU, the logic of integration and connection is based on an attempt to revive the meanings of symbols from a common past history, which can become the basis for the formation of a symbolic model of Eurasian identity. The author comes to the conclusion that symbols can be considered as a creative technology for the formation of the Eurasian symbolic system, access to the socio-cultural codes of which will help the participants in the integration process to minimize the barriers that prevent the most effective mutual understanding. The main conclusions of the study can form the basis of practical recommendations in the field of the cultural policy of the EAEU.
Formation of the scientific potential of domestic scientists in the context of the communication gap between Russia and the West: a sociological review of foreign and domestic sources
Authors: Sharkov F. I.
Published: June 2022

The tension that arose between the Russia and the Western led to the disruption of international communications in the economic, political and socio-cultural spheres. This situation led, accordingly, to breaks in scientific contacts between Russian Russian and foreign scientists and significantly limited the possibilities of teamwork with international participation. Under these conditions, the Russian scientific community presumes to capitalize on human potential and transform the models of functioning of scientific communities taking into account the gaps in international scientific communications. The paper actualizes the current state and the changes that are coming in the production of scientific capital and in global scientific communications. Besed on the review of recent media publications and the experience of managing the human potential of foreign and domestic communities, the author provides a vision of the development of capital of the scientific sphere and gives the layout of the structure of the human potential of researchers formed in the process of R&D activity.
The social function of COVID-19 memes in new media
Authors: Martynov А. А.
Published: June 2022

The paper represents an analytical review of the existing literature on the social function of memes on COVID-19. The author reviews mainly the literature of the last ten years, though the disclosure of the topic demands citing the fundamental works dedicated to the history of the emergence of memes by M.M. Bakhtin, R. Dawkins and D. Rushkoff. When describing the classification and social functions of memes, the author took into account cultural and linguistic studies of such authors as A.B. Bocharov, A.V. Krokhina, N.A. Zinovieva, Y.V. Shchurina. In the context of the social function of pandemic memes, the author based the analysis on the articles of local authors studying the social and cultural significance of such memes. However, the identified gaps in the local literature motivated the author to refer to similar foreign studies, such as Flecha Ortiz’s work on the cultural specifics of Spanish speaking users’ perception of pandemic memes. At the end the author concludes that, despite the fact that the topic is definitely of interest to the scientific community, and specific trends and directions in its study have already been traced, it has not yet been studied enough, and there are no domestic studies dedicated to this issue at the moment.
Screen culture ontology: towards the problem statement
Authors: Grigoryev S. L.
Published: June 2022

We regard the screen phenomenon as a formative principle of modern culture. We have modeled the cultural concepts sequence representing the evolution of screen ontology: water – mirror – surface – shield – glass – portal – implant. The article covers (1) the issues of developing an integrated methodological approach to the interpretation of the formative, transmitting, and sense-making roles of the screen in modern culture; (2) systematic conceptual prognostications of screen transformational influence on cognition, corporeality, the aesthetic worldview of a modern man; (3) establishment of the “screen culture man” anthropological project formation in the contemporary world. A screen as a cultural phenomenon evolves and acquires expanded functions, revealing its own modes, the list of which is open-ended. Despite the fact that the formation of a screen phenomenon has not been completed, it is already obvious today that it is moving in the direction of a series of transformations of a screen-means into a screen-substance, a screen-object into a screen-subject, which inevitably levels out the value of a person looking at this screen, whose transformation occurs in the opposite direction to the screen.
INTERACTION OF GOVERNMENT, SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERT COMMUNITY: PROSPECTS OF EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pushkareva Galina , Mikhaylova Olga ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Batovrina Ekaterina ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the interaction of state, scientific, and expert communities in order to determine the prospects for introducing the methods of “evidence-based policy” into the Russian practice of public administration. It reveals to what extent the representatives of the state and expert communities are ready to cooperate to increase the scientific validity of government decisions. Research was carried out by using focused interviews. The purposive sample included public authorities and representatives of scientific, expert, and educational communities from ten regions of Russia. In general, both public servants and representatives of scientific and expert communities realize the significance of using evidence-based policy tools for developing government decisions. However, the mutual expectations that are formed can hardly be called harmonious due to a fair amount of skepticism on both sides. A significant number of public servants doubt that scientific knowledge of social, economic, and political processes is objective, and some are afraid that scientists will introduce their value preferences into analytical materials. The representatives of scientific community, in their turn, suspect decision-makers of being overly obsessed with a narrow circle of confidants, of misunderstanding of the role of analytics in the development of public policy, and an inability to appreciate the work done by expert scientists. Lack of mutual trust is the main reason for the skeptical attitude of decision-makers to cooperate with the scientific and expert community and pushes them either to maintain contacts with proven analytical centers, as a rule, affiliated with the government, or forces them to rely solely on materials prepared by employees of the relevant state departments.
Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Cortex on Recovery from the Forced Swimming Test and Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Liver and Skeletal Muscle of mice
Authors: Maho Sumiyoshi  , Yoshiyuki Kimura
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The root and stem barks of Eleutherococcus senticosus have been used to treat emotional and physical fatigue in China, Russia, Korea, and Japan. The effects of E. senticosus on recovery from physical fatigue and the expenditure of energy currently remain unclear. We herein examined the effects of E. senticosus extract on recovery from physical fatigue after the forced swimming test as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice.

Methods:

1) Physical fatigue; E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg, twice daily) was administered orally to ICR male mice for 7 consecutive days. After swimming had been performed for 15 min, each mouse was placed on the cover of a 100-mm culture plate, and the time for each mouse to move away from the cover was measured. 2) Fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle; E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg) was administered orally twice daily to C57BL/6J male mice for 21 consecutive days. The initial and final body and liver weight were measured, and then fatty acid β-oxidation activity in the liver and skeletal muscle was measured by methods using [1-14C] palmitic acid.

Key Findings:

Recovery times after forced swimming were shorter in E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg)-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. The body and liver weight had no effect by the oral administration of E. senticosus extract, vitamin mixture and L-carnitine. Fatty acid β-oxidation activity in skeletal muscle was increased by E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg).

Conclusion:

E. senticosus may enhance recovery from physical fatigue induced by forced swimming by accelerating energy changes through fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle.
Natural Macromolecules in the Development of Safe and Effective Gastroretentive Floating Microparticles of Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Mukesh Pandey  , Madhuri Maher  , Mona Semalty  , Ajay Semalty
Published: June 2022

Background:

Metformin hydrochloride, an oral hypoglycaemic, shows better absorption from upper part of the gastric region. Natural/herbal substances have been investigated for the development of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems owing to the desirable properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, aqueous solubility, swelling ability, easy availability and cost effectiveness.

Method:

Therefore, three natural macromolecules: Glycine max (soya chunks), Metroxylon sagu (sago starch) and Plantago ovata (psyllium husk) were used for developing its gastroretentive floating microparticles for expected improvement in bioavailability. The macromolecules and the prepared microparticles were evaluated for physicochemical properties, FTIR, XRPD, DSC and dug release.

Result:

The percent drug content was in the range of 60.353 ± 1.25 to 92.682 ± 2.47 % for all the microparticles. All the formulations showed good swelling and floating properties (the formulation prepared with P. ovata showed the best swelling and in vitro floatability). The FTIR studies showed that the herbal carriers were compatible with the drug. XRD and DSC studies showed a transition in the physical state of the drug in the formulations from crystalline state to amorphous state. In vitro drug release studies showed good percent cumulative drug release from all the formulations (72.13 to 87.06 % at the end of 6 hour) with non-fickian diffusion process.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it was concluded that the herbal macromolecules may be the potential, safe and effective carriers for improving the drug delivery of the metformin like drugs by developing, effective gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems.
Product Life Cycle Management for Pharmaceutical Innovation
Authors: Tripathy Swagat , Prajapati Vandana , Guruswamy VijayaKumar Sengodan
Published: June 2022

Background:

Continuous innovation is the unique feature of a pharmaceutical industry and is also prerequisite for sustainment of this industry. However, the dipping number of new molecules, rising costs of drug development, heightened health authority scrutiny and increased competition from generic industry indicate that the innovation is endangered.

Methodology:

The methodology used is a comparative study on the basis of original empirical research. More specifically, the part of examination facts and regulation has been written by conducting empirical research on current international and national resources concerning the subject from books, various Guidelines, Rules and regulations, Articles, Published Reports and internets.

Results:

The importance of innovation has been fairly realized by the industry and regulatory authorities as evident from the rise in number of new molecules approved by US FDA in 2014. To safeguard innovation, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) should be incorporated in the business models of a pharmaceutical company. It not only helps to maximize lifecycle of the product but also to improve the product development processes, make better business decisions and to deliver greater value to consumers.

Conclusion

A pharmaceutical product’s life is always complex & unique in nature and can be described in five distinct phases- development phase, approval phase, introduction phase, commercialization & quality management phase and decline phase. Number of strategies to be applied at each stage and the strategies are generally coupled with regulations, and the choice of strategy may vary on country to country. In present manuscript, the scope of various PLM strategies for innovators in four different countries namely, USA, EU, Canada and India has been discussed. This may guide the innovators to have competency to uphold the basic necessity for their survival, i.e. innovation.
The effect of Inoculum to Substrate and Carbon to Nitrogen Ratios on the Biogas Quantity and Quality from Anaerobic Digestion of Salvinia molesta: Experimental and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Syaichurrozi Iqbal , Basyir M. Fakhri , Farraz Rafi Muhammad , Villta Putri Kurnia , Nabilah Nabilah , Rusdi Rusdi , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inoculum to substrate (I/S) and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the biogas quantity and quality from anaerobic digestion of Salvinia molesta (SM). The I/S was adjusted to become 1.5, 2, 2.5 and the C/N was to become 21.5, 25, 30. Anaerobic digestion (AD) was operated during 30 days under the room pressure and temperature. The results showed that increase in I/S from 1.5 to 2.5 increased the biogas yield from 19.01 to 33.84 mL/g VS. Besides that, it increased the methane content from 52.54 to 69.01%. Furthermore, increase in C/N to 21.5 to 30 decreased the biogas yield from 33.84 to 30.85 mL/g VS and then decreased the methane content from 69.01 to 6.99%. Hence, the best condition was in the substrate with I/S of 2.5 and C/N of 21.5. The measured data was successfully predicted through the modified Gompertz and the first order kinetic models with R2 of 0.9905 and 0.9476 respectively.
Rooftop PV Plant Development Planning at the Central Java Provincial DPRD Secretariat Office
Authors: Ariawan Andrian Mayka , Windarta Jaka , Dwiatmoko Sujarwanto
Published: June 2022

Central Java Province targets the achievement of the new and renewable energy (EBT) portion in the energy mix by 2030 at 22.55%. In order to achieve this target, the Central Java Provincial Government has consistently developed the use of EBT, one of which is through the construction of rooftop solar power plants (Rooftop PV Plant) in government buildings. In addition to requiring a fairly high initial investment cost, the construction of a Rooftop PV plant connected to the PT. PLN (Persero) requires a fairly complicated process, so proper planning must obtain optimal results. This paper will discuss an example of a Rooftop PV Plant development plan at the Secretariat Office of the Central Java Provincial DPRD, including the use of electrical energy prior to the installation of a Rooftop PV Plant; an analysis of the condition and availability of the location; the design and system of a Rooftop PV Plant; an estimate of the total potential energy that can generate; the investment costs of a Rooftop PV Plant; as well as evaluating the results of using Rooftop PV Plant. The electricity bill at the Central Java Provincial DPRD Secretariat Office prior to installing Rooftop PV Plant is Rp. 91.308.323,- per month. The recommended PV design, built on an area of ​​197 m2, is a rooftop on-grid PV Plant system with 6 PV arrays, each of which PV arrays are installed with as many as 20 solar modules arranged in series. The total number of solar modules installed is 120 solar modules with a total capacity equivalent to 30 kWp. Based on the simulation results using the PVSyst 6.4.3 software, the Rooftop PV Plant system can generate electrical energy of up to 43,420kWh per year or equivalent to 118.9kWh per day with a performance ratio of 79.4%. The potential for saving electricity costs from the simulation results can reach Rp. 4,034,441.- per month. The results of the evaluation of the utilization of the Rooftop PV Plant through the recording of the inverter monitoring system within 1 (one) year after installation shows the amount of electrical energy produced is 40,558 kWh, so that the manager of the Secretariat of the DPRD Central Java Province office can save a budget of Rp. 3,768,514.- per month from the use of the Rooftop PV Plant. This figure is not much different from the simulation results at planning. There is a difference in the cost savings of electricity payments at the Central Java Provincial DPRD Secretariat Office during 2020 of Rp. 4,493,300,- excluding savings due to the use of Rooftop PV Plant due to implementing the work from home (WFH) system during the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a significant reduction in the use of electrical energy.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN TANAMAN PENAUNG TERHADAP KAPASITAS MENAHAN AIR TANAH DI KEBUN KOPI RAKYAT SUMBERMANJING WETAN
Authors: Holisah Endah Umu Nur , Prijono Sugeng
Published: June 2022

Coffee is one of the farm commodities which is a source of national income and foreign exchange for Indonesia. One of the successes in the production of coffee plants is climatic conditions because it has an important role related to the water needs of plants. The availability of soil water is closely related to the ability of the soil to hold water in the soil pores (pF) and provide water for plants. Efforts to reduce the impact of climate change are the use of shade plants which will produce many litters which affect the input of water in the soil to improve soil structure and pore distribution, which will affect the soil water holding capacity. This research was conducted from March to September 2020. The research was conducted in five fields based on differences in shade plants, namely in Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang. The results of this research indicate that the highest soil water holding capacity is in the PK land (cocoa shade coffee garden) both at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm because PK land has denser shade plants so that it affects the amount of water available.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) VARIETAS JANTAN F1 TERHADAP BERBAGAI DOSIS PUPUK KOTORAN HEWAN YANG BERBEDA PADA MEDIA TAILING
Authors: Fitri Fitri , Saputra HM , Pratama D , Aini SN
Published: June 2022

Post-tin mining areas dominated by sand tailings cause low nutrients and low water holding capacity. Application of animal waste on tailings medium will provide nutrients and help to increase water holding capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose and type of animal waste that can improve the growth and yield of corn in tailings medium. This research was conducted from January to May 2021 at Experimental and Research Field (KP2), Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung. The study used a single factor randomized block design with five replicates. This study consisted of four levels of treatment there were sand tailings and cow waste 10 t ha-1 (MS1), tailings sand and cow waste 20 t ha-1 (MS2), tailings sand and chicken waste 10 t ha-1 (MA1), tailings sand and chicken waste 20 t ha-1 (MA2). Results showed that different doses and types significant affected the growth and yield of corn in tailings medium. A dose of 20 t chicken waste ha-1 showed the best growth and yield on F1 male cultivar of corn.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS KOMPOS KOTORAN SAPI DAN SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL BATANG PISANG TERHADAP POPULASI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN PRODUKSI PAKCOY (Brassica rapa var. chinensis L.)
Authors: Himawarni Megalia , Nuraini Yulia
Published: June 2022

Management of agricultural land in Jabung District using inorganic fertilizers with high doses resulted in a decrease in soil quality, such as a low population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria that can release phosphate from Al-P and Fe-P bonds. Inceptisols in Jabung Subdistrict with low fertility still has the potential to cultivate pakcoy with the innovative application of cow manure and rice husk compost with banana stem MOL bioactivator as a source of bacterial culture and organic matter decomposers. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the application of cow dung and rice husk compost on the population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the diversity of bacteria in dissolving phosphate based on the clear zone index, and the yield of pakcoy. This study used a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that cow dung and rice husk compost significantly increased the population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria by 27.7 × 106 CFU g-1, diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria based on the clear zone index as many as 23 isolates with the highest clear zone index 5,40 isolate code P52. The results also showed that the application of cow dung and rice husk compost significantly increased the wet weight by 15,520 kg ha-1 and the dry weight of pakcoy by 661.6 kg ha-1.
PEMANFAATAN TRICHOKOMPOS DAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI UNTUK PERBAIKAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Astuti Ana Aryun Rahma , Nuraini Yulia , Baswarsiati B
Published: June 2022

The national production of garlic is currently under fluctuations and can not fulfil the demand for garlic. Farmers often face the decline of soil chemical properties that hinder plant growth and yield. Environmentally friendly fertilization alternatives are needed to overcome the problem. This study aimed to find out the effect of Trichocompost and cow manure on soil chemical properties, growth and yield of garlic plants. The results showed that the application of Trichocompost significantly affected the chemical properties of the soil. The application of various Trichocompost and cow manure combinations significantly affected the height of the garlic plant, the garlic bulb weight and the number of cloves. The coefficient correlations (r) between the soil organic C and the number of garlic cloves was 0.42, plant height was 0.26, and garlic bulb weight was 0.36. The coefficient correlations (r) between pH and garlic bulb weight was 0.60, plant height was 0,44, and the number of cloves was 0.48. The coefficient correlations (r) between total N and plant height was 0.02, garlic bulb weight was 017, and clove count was 0.10.
Geboren in een cité
Authors: Vermeirsch Eric
Published: June 2022

Ik ben geboren in een cité. Eerlijk gezegd, waarom zou ik mij daarvoor schamen? Het was er wel een uit de betere categorie. Volgens mijn ma was het eigenlijk geen cité, maar een doodlopende zijsteeg van de Olmstraat, nu Kaprijkestraat, aan de Blaisant vest
Zorg voor een schijnbaar banale verlichtingspaal. Wie het kleine niet eert…
Authors: Rummens Mark
Published: June 2022

Een voor Gent uniek bewaard gebleven exemplaar behoort tot een type palen dat tijdens het interbellum massaal gebruikt werd door de buurtspoorwegen om bovenleidingen voor elektrische trams aan te bevestigen. Foto’s tonen het uitzicht voor en na restauratie.
Meer dan één opvallende gedaanteverandering aan de voet van de Hoofdbrug: Burgstraat 2 (1641-1911)
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: June 2022

In kort bestek wordt gepoogd inzicht te geven in de grondige metamorfosen van het complexe huis Burgstraat 2 tussen de Lieve en het Gewad aan de voet van de Hoofdbrug over de Lieve bij het Gravensteen. Dat alles doen we aan de hand van een van de 19 beschrijvingen van gevels of gevelensembles gegeven door Guido Everaert (2014) in zijn magistrale boek ‘Het verfraaide decor van het Gravensteen’.
Gentse Vincentianen: hulp aan armen om hemelse zaligheid te bereiken
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: June 2022

Tijdens en na de hongerjaren 1840 kwam, onder andere in Gent, bij de welstellende burgerij een initiatief tot stand dat de ergste noden van de vele armen probeerde te lenigen. Dat gebeurde met hulp in de vorm van bonnen voor brood en andere levensnoodzakelijke producten. Het werd stevig georganiseerd per parochie in genootschappen (conférences) die naar Frans voorbeeld de naam aannamen van de zeventiende-eeuwse priester Vincentius-a-Paulo (Vincent de Paul).
RATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL THERAPY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS USING ENDOGEN PANCREAS RESERVES
Authors: Pilipenko V. M. , Skubin V. M. , Kushnaryova N. M. , Korpachova-Zinych O. V.
Published: June 2022

Influence of the short-term insulin therapy on indices of the carbo-hydrate metabolism and insulin resistance has been studied against the background of therapy with the Metphogamma® drug. This study suggested that insulin combined specifically with metphormin gave a profound decrease in the glycolized hemoglobin level, a slight gain in body mass, some hypoglycemia cases.
ROLE OF PROLACTIN IN FORMATION OF ABERRATIONS AT CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Arkhypkina Tetiana , Liubimova Lidiia , Kalenik E. I.
Published: June 2022

Influence of prolactin on condition of a carbohydrate metabolism at patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is studied. It is established, that hyperprolactinemia increase aberrations at carbohydrate metabolism in the form of higher glycemic reaction to loading of glucose, increases frequency development of aberrations of tolerance to glucose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
ESTIMATION OF A ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA IN FORMATION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Lezhenko G. A. , Pashkova E. E. , Kamenshik A. V. , Chakmazova E. N. , Slavkin Yu. L.
Published: June 2022

The level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in children with diabetes mellitus was examined. This level was increased in dependence of the disease duration and had a direct relationship with the insulin-therapy. The revealed changes can develop against the background of morpho-functional nephropathies.
CHARACTER OF AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS IN WOMEN WITH OSTEOMUSCULAR DISORDERS DURING THE PERIMENOPAUSAL PERIOD
Authors: Scherbina I. N.
Published: June 2022

The character of autoimmune reactions is studied in women with osteomuscular disorders during the perimenopausal period and immunobiological description is given to the revealed autoantibodies. 52 female patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis develop autoimmune reactions. Revealed autoantibodies can bring about immunopathological processes in tissues, destroy structure of organ and tissues.
THE ROLE OF ANDROGENS IN ENSURING SEXUAL FUNCTION IN MEN
Authors: Minuhin Andriy
Published: June 2022

Sexy function of a man is a multifaceted and includes interaction between nervous, endocrine Noah and vascular systems, as well as mi structures that contribute to fishing, communicating and satisfying rhenium.
FREQUENCY OF CHRONIC DIABETES COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF THE REGISTER
Authors: Globa E. V.
Published: June 2022

We investigated frequency of chronic complications, their dependence on the diabetes mellitus duration and the age of children who reside in the southern region of Ukraine according to on the data of the register of children patients with diabetes mellitus. Chronic complications are more frequent when combined with neuropathy, retinopathy, hairopathy. The frequency of chronic complications has a dependence upon diabetes mellitus duration and increase in the HbA1c level. The level HbA1c is higher in more grown children with longer duration of the disease.
THE NEAREST AND REMOTE CONSEQUENCES OF ESTROGENIZATION FOR RATS SPERMATOGENESIS
Authors: Gladkova A. I. , Sidorova I. V.
Published: June 2022

The estradiol application to male rats leads to suppression of the testis incretory and generative function, showing by decreases of testosterone concentration in blood, negative changes of quantitative and quality indexes of spermatogenesis. Spermatogones are more sensitive to negative action of estrogenization in comparison with cells of serotinal stages of spermatogenesis. Returning to norm of spermogram indexes in a new cycle of a spermatogenesis specifies in convertibility of estrogenization negative consequences