bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sensomotor development, behavioral reactions and cognitive functions of the second generation of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Yakovleva O. V. , Skripnikova V. V. , Yakovlev A. V. , Sitdikova G. F.
Published: August 2024

The adverse maternal exposure during pregnancy leads to developmental disorders in the offspring that can be passed on to later generations. Epigenetic regulation of DNA transcription may mediate inherited metabolic diseases. An increase in homocysteine concentration in the blood is associated with epigenetic modifications of the genome, which can alter the fetal brain’s development program and cause cognitive impairment. The aim of our work was to identify changes in sensomotor development, behavioral reactions and cognitive functions of offspring of second generation rats (HcyF2) of hyperhomocysteinemia. Our results indicate that unconditioned reflexes and physical parameters are delayed in HcyF2 rats. In “open field”, HcyF2 rats showed higher levels of anxiety and decreased exploratory and motor activity, while coordination of movements studied in “rotarod” test was not impaired. Decreased limb muscle strength was shown in the “grip strength” test. Additionally, HcyF2 rats demonstrated an impaired learning and longterm memory in the Morris water maze. Biochemical analysis revealed an imbalance in the antioxidant systems, which was attributed to decreased activity of glutathione peroxidases and H2S synthesis enzymes. It was suggested that elevated homocysteine levels during pregnancy may result in epigenetic modifications of the genome, which can impact the metabolism of offspring and be inherited by future generations.
Leveraging Collaborative Project-Based Learning to Encourage Speaking Proficiency in EFL classroom: A Case Study in Engineering Department
Authors: BUTARBUTAR Ranta , MONIKA Santy , LEBA Seli Marlina Radja
Published: August 2024

The study aims to explore students' perspectives on the implementation of collaborative project-based learning (CPBL) in the Engineering Department as a means to enhance their understanding of the subject matter and develop problem-solving abilities. A quasi-experimental design was employed, and data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that CPBL has the potential to improve students' speaking and presentation skills in various aspects, including grammar, discourse competence, sociolinguistics, strategic competence, fluency, accuracy, and presentation skills. The study also recommends further investigation into computer-mediated communication within group projects and suggests incorporating controlled and energizing task speaking during comparison evaluations to foster reflective thinking among both teachers and students. In summary, this research highlights the positive impact of CPBL on language and presentation skills within the Engineering Department, emphasizing its potential benefits for student learning.
The Influence of Peer Tutoring Method to the English Learning Outcomes
Authors: ARSYAD Hasmita Dewi Eliyanti , SUHARTINA Suhartina , ASTRI Zul
Published: August 2024

Peer tutoring has become an increasingly popular as a method in recent years. This study aimed to determine the influence of the peer tutoring method on the student learning outcomes in English class VII grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Mandai. This type of research is experimental research.Â  The data collection technique was done by using test and documentation techniques.Â  Data collection tool in the form of multiple-choice questions that have previously been tested is analyzed with validity and reliability data analysis techniques in the form of quantitative. The results showed that the average value of control class post-test was 6.422 while the average value of experimental class 14.831. Based on the results of calculating of the hypothesis test shows the value ofÂ  sig (2-tailed) 0.05, (0.116 < 0.05), H0 is rejectedÂ Â
How to Prepare a Project-Based Business English Presentation in the Vocational Higher Education Context?
Authors: AMANSYAH Farida , DINO Chenee M
Published: August 2024

This article presents the process of preparing project-based business English presentations in the vocational higher education context. It emphasizes the relevance of these presentations in preparing students for the workforce by developing practical skills. The article provides a comprehensive guide, covering topic selection, research, presentation organization, and the development of language and communication skills. It offers strategies for delivering engaging presentations, managing anxiety, and handling questions. The importance of evaluation, self-reflection, and ongoing improvement is highlighted. By following these guidelines, students can enhance their communication abilities, gain confidence, and effectively showcase their business English skills in a vocational higher education setting.
Utilizing Animated Videos to Improve Listening Abilities in English Language Instruction
Authors: KHUMAIRAH Adelia Rizky , KOROMPOT Chairil Anwar , SULTAN Sultan
Published: August 2024

This study examined the impact of utilizing animated videos on students' listening skills and their perceptions of this instructional approach. An investigation was conducted using a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design, which included a control group. Data was collected by means of listening tests and questionnaires. The participants, comprising 30 students from the ninth grade, were selected using cluster random sampling. Quantitative data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 20.0. The results indicated a notable distinction in the listening abilities of students in the experimental class when compared to their counterparts in the control class. The two-tailed significance difference yielded a result of 0.006, which is below the alpha level of 0.05. Consequently, The research hypothesis (H1) was corroborated, and the null hypothesis (H0) was invalidated. Additionally, the questionnaire findings demonstrated that students had a favorable perception of integrating animated videos into English language learning, especially in improving their listening abilities. To summarize, utilizing animated videos effectively enhances students' listening skills and is positively regarded as a teaching approach.
From Inspiration to Fluency: Investigating the Effects of TED Talks on Speaking Competence in Language Instruction
Authors: PATTY Rafiqa Salwa , TALIB Ahmad , FARADIBA Syarifah
Published: August 2024

This article presents the findings of a quantitative study investigating the impact of integrating TED Talks media in language instruction on students' speaking skills. The study focused on assessing the effectiveness of utilizing TED Talks videos as a resource to enhance students' verbal expression and communication abilities. The analysis of pre-test and post-test scores revealed a significant improvement in students' speaking skills following the integration of TED Talks. By incorporating authentic and engaging content from TED Talks, students were exposed to a variety of topics, expert speakers, and real-life language use, leading to enhanced fluency, vocabulary, and pronunciation. These results underscore the potential of integrating TED Talks as an effective pedagogical tool for promoting students' speaking skills in language instruction. Language educators are encouraged to incorporate TED Talks into their teaching practices to create dynamic and interactive learning experiences that foster linguistic development and effective communication. The study contributes to the existing body of research on the use of multimedia resources in language education and offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to enhance students' speaking abilities.
The Role of Virtual Reality in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Teaching English for Specific Purposes
Authors: VEGA Nofvia De , RAHAYU Rahayu , BASRI Nurfajriah
Published: August 2024

This study provides a novel examination of the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technology into English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction, specifically within the context of Management studies at Universitas Borneo Tarakan. It addresses a significant gap in empirical research by focusing on VR's effectiveness in teaching ESP within a management context, an area that has yet to be thoroughly explored. Using pre-and post-test scores from 286 students and detailed evaluation metrics, this research provides robust evidence of VR's transformative potential in enhancing ESP instruction. The findings indicate a clear improvement in language proficiency following VR-enhanced teaching, with significant increases in top-scoring students and decreases among those struggling with lower scores. Additionally, high levels of student engagement were observed during VR-enhanced lessons. Students reported positive usability experiences with the technology and expressed satisfaction with their learning outcomes. They also perceived significant benefits from using VR technology in their ESP instruction, including improved comprehension, increased motivation and engagement, and enhanced memory retention. However, alongside these positive outcomes are challenges that must be addressed for effective implementation. These include technical issues experienced by some participants suggesting the need for improvements or troubleshooting to enhance user experience; adaptation difficulties faced by learners when transitioning to new teaching methods introduced via virtual reality indicating the importance of providing additional support or guidance; and accessibility challenges emphasizing the need to ensure equal access for all learners when implementing such innovative technologies. In light of these findings, it is recommended that institutions like Universitas Borneo Tarakan looking to integrate VR into their ESP instruction consider establishing robust technical support structures to address potential issues. They should also provide additional guidance during transitions to new teaching methods introduced via virtual reality and prioritize ensuring accessibility for all learners. This study contributes valuable insights into effective strategies for modernizing ESP instruction using innovative technologies like Virtual Reality while highlighting areas where further exploration is needed.
Navigating Language Proficiency Challenges: Enhancing Business Presentations in Indonesian Vocational Higher Education
Authors: PARAMUDIA Paramudia , AKHMAD Akhmad , AMRI Amri , FAHLEVI Andi Rayhan
Published: August 2024

This article explores the intricate landscape of language proficiency challenges faced by students in Indonesian Vocational Higher Education, with a specific focus on refining their skills for effective business presentations. As English proficiency emerges as a critical asset in the globalized business arena, understanding the nuanced obstacles encountered by students becomes paramount. Through a mixed-methods research approach employing questionnaires and interviews, the study aims to identify specific language challenges and explore tailored strategies for improvement. The research delves into students' experiences, addressing vocabulary proficiency, pronunciation concerns, and the impact of language proficiency on the overall effectiveness of business presentations. By shedding light on these challenges and seeking insights from students, this article aims to contribute practical recommendations for enhancing language proficiency, bridging the gap between academic preparation and the demands of professional business communication in the Indonesian Vocational Higher Education context
Documenting Learning Moments, Journeys, and Expeditions as Teachers’ Reflection: A Book Review of the Writing Teacher’s Guide to Pedagogical Documentation
Authors: ANAS Ismail
Published: August 2024

Education is a dynamic and collaborative process where students play a pivotal role in their own learning journey. They surpass their traditional role as mere recipients of knowledge and become active partners in the learning process, inspiring and enriching educators’ practices. However, despite the immense value that lies within the activities that unfold within classrooms, these experiences often go undocumented and unnoticed. The documentation of classroom activities yielded pedagogical evidence, which served as data informing teachers’ decision-making and instructional practices. Pedagogical documentation is a tool for formative assessment to identify the students’ learning needs (Buldu, 2010; Rintakorpi, 2016). These needs can be generated from capturing classroom learning activities as data or documents for learning analytics (Jones & McCoy, 2020). By emphasizing practical processes, protocols, and tools for effective documentation, Stockman equips educators with the essential framework to capture and analyze the full spectrum of learning experiences. It also provides teachers with the necessary guidance to enhance their documentation practices and promote authentic and evidence-based learning for their students. It goes beyond theory, offering real-world case studies and examples from experienced documentarians who have harnessed the power of documentation in their own teaching contexts. It offers an opportunity to reimagine teaching practices and create inclusive and vibrant learning environments. This book is organized in three parts: 1) a comprehensive description of documentation, 2) how to plan and organize a documentation project, and 3) what tools and resources to document the students’ learning.
Examining University Students' Business English Writing Performance: Frequent Errors and Pitfalls
Authors: ISMA Adi , PUTRI Andi Mega Januarti , SARDI Ahmed
Published: August 2024

This study aims to identify the common writing errors made by college students in business English writing and investigate the contributing factors. The study employed a mixed-method approach to comprehensively analyze writing errors in the business English context. The research population comprised college students enrolled in Writing for Business Communication courses at Universitas Sulawesi Barat, with a sample of 100 students majoring in English education. The findings highlighted content errors, organization challenges, vocabulary issues, language use discrepancies, and mechanics errors in their writing. The most common errors encompassed grammatical errors in language use (48%), errors in conveying business messages in content (45%), and document structural errors in organization (38%). Moreover, the study identified several significant factors contributing to these writing errors, including a lack of practice, a limited understanding of business concepts, resource limitations, inadequate feedback, and time constraints. This study underscores the importance of addressing these specific writing challenges in business English education, offering insights for educators to develop targeted strategies and materials. It also contributes to the broader field by highlighting the unique errors within business English writing and emphasizing the need for specialized instruction. Ultimately, this research informs both pedagogical approaches and students' preparation for future careers in the globalized business environment.
Identifying Pronunciation Errors in English Among Postgraduate Students: A Phonetical Perspective
Authors: FARTIZAN Siti , ABDUH Amirullah , SAMSIDAR Samsidar
Published: August 2024

This research aims to address two primary problem statements: first, to identify the types of English pronunciation errors made by third-semester students in the postgraduate English language education program; and second, to determine the sources of these pronunciation errors among the same cohort of students. This research used a combination of phonetic and quantitative error analysis to identify the pronunciation errors among postgraduate students. The results showed that there were 16.16% of omission errors, 11.97% addition errors, 71.85% of word formation errors, and students 0% of word ordering error. For the sources of errors in the pronunciation of all students during the proposal seminar, researcher found that there was incomplete application of rule is source from omission errors such as letter /g/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ɑː/, /t/, and /h/. The next source of errors false concepts hypothesized is source from addition errors such as letter /ɒ/, /ʌ/, /s/, /g/, /e/, /ɑː/, /u/, /w/, /a/, /j/, and /r/. There is also overgeneralization is source from misformation errors such as letter /aʊ/, /ɔː/, /h/, /ʒ, etc. Meanwhile for ignorance of rule restriction is source from misodering errors all students for misodering did not make that mistake.
The Impact of AI-Powered Software on Second Language (L2) Writing: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: ROA Angela Andrea Perez , HALIM Shanty
Published: August 2024

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tools in second language (L2) writing has evolved over the last decade. This attracted second-language writers to evaluate and improve their writing. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the current state of AI-powered software in L2 writing, identify gaps in the literature, and investigate areas for future research. In this systematic literature review (SLR), we categorize the typology of AI-powered tools and their impact on L2 writing performance, discuss L2 writers' perceptions, and provide an overview of how they mitigate challenges and limitations in utilizing writing-assisted tools. The results of this SRL may have implications for writing teachers, L2 researchers, and developers of AI-powered writing tools in the field of second language writing.
Navigating Teaching Practicum in the Real Classroom: Insights from ESL Teaching Practicum Experiences
Authors: FADILLAH Fadillah , JABU Baso , MUHALIM Muhalim
Published: August 2024

Teaching practicum is one of the compulsory courses that pre-service ESL teachers have to accomplish prior to the completion of their study. Under the lens of experiential learning theory, this study aims to find out pre-service English teachers’ challenges of teaching practicum and how they overcome them. Interviews were used as instruments in this multiple case study, focusing on three pre-service English teachers who participated in the AJARMI program during the 2022–2023 academic year. The findings of this study were analyzed using thematic analysis. The PSETs faced challenges related to students' behaviour, preparation of instructional materials, and mentoring. They handled them with organizing lessons, acting as an assertive teacher, devising a backup plan, and adapting to the school system. The implications of this study suggest that teacher education programs should provide more comprehensive training on classroom management, instructional material preparation, and effective mentoring strategies to better prepare pre-service teachers for the realities of the classroom.
Understanding QRPs and Blatant Misconduct in Applied Linguistics Research: A Book Review of Addressing Questionable Research Practices in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Guide
Authors: ALIMUDDIN Andi Haeriati , HASYIM Irmawaty
Published: August 2024

his book explores the ethical gray area of Questionable Research Practices (QRPs), including its similarities and differences (Butler et al., 2017; Ravn & Sørensen, 2021). It lies between responsible research conduct and clear misconduct like falsification, fabrication, plagiarism. It helps Applied Linguistics (henceforth AL) researchers to carry out ethical research which addresses the ambiguity and debate surrounding certain practices, such as data sharing and outlier management. They are often not well covered in traditional research ethics training. There is a need for AL researcher to identify the good, the bad, and the ugly in the research practices (Banks et al., 2016). To enhance understanding and ethical decision-making, the book provides a taxonomy of 58 QRPs, lesson plans, suggested readings, and discussion scenarios for use in research methods courses and workshops.
The Dynamics of Sufism Based on Plural Indonesian Society: A Study of the Socio-Academic Role of KH. Nur Salim in Malang, East Java
Authors: Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Suwatah Suwatah
Published: August 2024

In the late twentieth century, he witnessed a significant shift in Islamic discourse in Indonesia, particularly with the rise of egalitarianism and the indigenization of Islam. Against this backdrop, this study investigates KH. Nur Salim's pivotal role in adapting Sufism to a pluralistic society in Malang, East Java. It aims to explore how his down-to-earth approach effectively integrated spiritual values with social life, fostering a form of Sufism that suits the needs of modern society. Using qualitative phenomenological methods, the research captured the lived experiences and perceptions of the community regarding KH Nur Salim in his socio-academic role. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to understand the phenomenon comprehensively. The findings show that KH. Nur Salim, centered on four pillars- patience, humility, acceptance, and generosity- not only advances individual spirituality but also strengthens social cohesion in a diverse society. This approach is in line with theories that emphasize contextual adaptation of religious teachings, contributing to the discourse on the role of religion in promoting pluralism and tolerance. However, the study acknowledges limitations related to geographical coverage and methodological challenges, which may impact the generalizability of the findings. These insights have implications for the broader application of Sufism in pluralistic contexts globally.
Optimized Transfer Matrix Approach for Global Buckling Analysis: Bypassing Zero Matrix Inversion
Authors: Pinto-Cruz Mao Cristian
Published: August 2024

The transfer matrix method has two main disadvantages concerning other numerical methods: numerical instability in extreme cases and the need to calculate the inverse of the zero matrix. This paper attempts to solve the second difficulty of the transfer matrix method, widely used for the global buckling analysis of beams in all engineering fields. In particular, the transfer matrix method necessarily requires the calculation of the inverse of the zero matrix to derive the element transfer matrix, resulting in high computational costs as the number of discretizations and the size of the matrix increases. To mitigate this challenge, this paper presents a transfer matrix method that directly computes the transfer matrix without requiring the inverse of the zero matrix. The method adopts a Laplacian approach, which involves the application of Laplace transforms to the equilibrium equations and subsequent inverse Laplace transforms to express displacements and internal forces relative to the zero point of the coordinate origin significantly reducing computational costs to a minimum. Numerical applications corroborate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
3D Printed Concrete: Fresh and Hardened Properties
Authors: Thajeel Marwah M. , Balázs György L.
Published: August 2024

3D concrete printing (3D CP) is an advanced form of additive manufacturing (AM), that allows for the creation of complex geometrical structures using concrete. This technology has the potential to reduce construction time and labour costs while minimizing material waste. However, there are also challenges related to material properties, structural integrity, and standardization of construction practices. The primary challenge in developing 3D printable cementitious materials lies in engineering specific fresh properties that enable extrusion-based printing. Unlike cast concrete, where formwork provides dimensional stability during the printing process, the absence of formwork in 3D printing necessitates fresh mixtures with low-slump and high-thixotropy to be suitable for concrete 3D printing. Additionally, the orthotropic nature of the resulting 3D printed object due to the extrusion process impacts its mechanical properties. Therefore, this research aims to study the effect of water content and loading directions on 3D printed concrete. A pre-mix material from Sika was used in this study. Three mixes were prepared by using three different water to dry material (w/d) ratios, 0.140 l/kg, 0.145 l/kg and 0.150 l/kg. The experiments focused on analysing flowability, green strength, mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity), water absorption, porosity, and chemical transformations at high temperatures through thermoanalytical measurement. The results showed that the mixture containing 0.145 l/kg (w/d) exhibited satisfactory 3D printability, optimal mechanical performance, lower porosities compared with mixtures 0.140 and 0.150, and same total porosity compared with cast specimen.
Differential COVID-19 case ascertainment by age and vaccination status in Victoria, Australia: a serosurveillance and record linkage study
Authors: Szanyi Joshua , Price David J , Carville Kylie S , Batty Mitch , Yallop Sarah , Nicholson Suellen , Karapanagiotidis Theo , Rowe Stacey , Sullivan Sheena , Menon Vinay , Wesr Daniel , Manoharan Lakshmi , Copsey Eliza , Majumdar Suman S , Sutton Brett , Williamson Deborah A , McVernon Jodie
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To compare serological evidence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case notification data in Victoria, Australia, and to determine in vitro SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation activity based on prior infection and vaccination history. Design, setting, participants: Four cross-sectional serological surveys were conducted between 30 June and 31 October 2022 (a period of Omicron BA.4/BA.5 dominance) using 1,974 residual serum samples obtained from the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory. Serological results were linked to COVID-19 case notification and vaccination data. Surrogate virus neutralisation testing was performed to obtain in vitro inhibition estimates by anti-nucleocapsid serostatus and COVID-19 vaccination history. Main outcome measures: Adjusted anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid seropositivity by sex, age and region of residence; adjusted proportion of cases notified by anti-nucleocapsid serostatus, age and number of COVID-19 vaccination doses received; adjusted percentage in vitro inhibition against wildtype and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 variants by anti-nucleocapsid serostatus and COVID-19 vaccination history. Results: The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies was inversely proportional to age. In October 2022, prevalence was 84% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75–93%) among 18–29-year-olds, compared to 39% (95% CI: 27–52%) among ≥ 80-year-olds. In most age groups, approximately 40% of COVID-19 cases appear to have been notified via existing surveillance mechanisms. Case notification was highest among individuals older than 80 years and people who had received COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. In vitro neutralisation of Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sub-variants was highest for individuals with evidence of both prior infection and booster vaccination. Conclusions: Under-notification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Victorian population is not uniform across age and vaccination strata. Seroprevalence data that give insights into case notification behaviour provide additional context for the interpretation of existing COVID-19 surveillance information.
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Research surveillance outcome programs – bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns from patients less than 18 years of age, January 2020 – December 2021
Authors: Williams Anita , Coombs Geoffrey W , Bell Jan , Daley Denise A , Mowlaboccus Shakeel , Bryant Penelope A , Campbell Anita J , Cooley Louise , Iredell Jon , Irwin Adam D , Kesson Alison , McMullan Brendan , Warner Morgyn S , Williams Phoebe , Blyth Christopher C
Published: August 2024

From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, thirty-eight institutions across Australia submitted data to the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) from patients aged < 18 years (AGAR-Kids). Over the two years, 1,679 isolates were reported from 1,611 patients. This AGAR-Kids report aims to describe the population of children and adolescents with bacteraemia reported to AGAR and the proportion of resistant isolates. Overall, there were 902 gram-negative isolates reported: 800 Enterobacterales, 61 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 41 Acinetobacter spp. Among the Enterobacterales, 12.9% were resistant to third generation cephalosporins; 11.6% to gentamicin/tobramycin; and 11.2% to piperacillin-tazobactam. In total, 14.5% of Enterobacterales were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Only 3.3% of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems and 4.9% were MDR. Resistance in Acinetobacter spp was uncommon. Of 607 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 12.9% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Almost half of S. aureus isolates from the Northern Territory were MRSA. In S. aureus, resistance to erythromycin was 13.2%; 12.4% to clindamycin; and 5.3% to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to all antibiotics tested was higher in MRSA. Overall, 6.5% of S. aureus were MDR, of which 65% were MRSA. Almost three-quarters of the 170 Enterococcus spp. reported were E. faecalis, and half were from patients < 1 year old. Ampicillin resistance in enterococci was 19.6%. Eight isolates were vancomycin resistant and three isolates were teicoplanin resistant. Five E. faecium isolates were classified as MDR. This AGAR-Kids report highlights clear differences in the geographic distribution of pathogens and resistance profiles across Australia.
Comorbidities and confusion: addressing COVID-19 vaccine access and information challenges
Authors: Attwell Katie , Roberts Leah , Blyth Christopher C
Published: August 2024

Objective: Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, evidence emerged that individuals with chronic and immunocompromising conditions faced increased risk of severe infection, including death. The Australian Government and public health authorities prioritised these citizens’ access to vaccines, including them in phase 1b of the rollout from 22 March 2021. Given the rapidly evolving knowledge and advice, we sought to understand what people with comorbidities understood about their eligibility, where they obtained information, and their experiences interfacing with the program. Methods: Through the mixed methods project Coronavax, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight West Australians aged under 60 who signed up to the study’s webpage and declared comorbidities pertinent to serious COVID-19 complications. Interviews were conducted during January–April 2022, audio-recorded, transcribed in full, and analysed in NVivo 20 using inductive methods. We validated participants’ accounts of state government actions with a representative in person and in writing. Results: We identified access and informational barriers – and a lack of understanding – about vaccine eligibility amongst West Australians with comorbidities. Amid a rapidly changing landscape of knowledge with subsequent policy implications, this group received insufficient information for their needs for understanding their place in the immunisation program. Conclusions: Fast-changing knowledge about vaccines creates communication challenges for government and health professionals. We identify an urgent need to develop, pilot, and evaluate strategies for providing vaccination information in routine and pandemic settings.
Respiratory diphtheria in the time of Omicron
Authors: Simpson Annabeth , Douglas Paul , Draper Jenny , Sintchenko Vitali , Cutcher Zoe , Ashton Daniel
Published: August 2024

Diphtheria is a potentially fatal bacterial infection caused by toxin-producing strains of corynebacteria, most often Corynebacterium diphtheriae and less commonly Corynebacterium ulcerans. Incidence of the disease has fallen significantly since the introduction of vaccination programs; it is now rare in countries with high vaccination coverage such as Australia. This article presents the most recent respiratory cases of diphtheria in two children in New South Wales—the first locally acquired childhood cases in Australia in 30 years—and discusses potential contributing factors. These encompass the lack of clinical awareness and the delays in laboratory diagnosis in regional laboratories. The cases also highlight the problem of vaccine hesitancy and the role that primary carers play in addressing these anxieties. While clinical management of the cases progressed well, factors in the public health responses were complicated by access to appropriate care and by delays in antibiotic sensitivity profiles. The public health response to these cases raises important considerations for clinicians and public health practitioners, including preparedness for rare and re-emerging diseases, the need for culturally safe environments and the importance of addressing vaccine hesitancy. Preparedness requires consideration of the capacity of regional health systems with fewer resources and of how public health departments can support response to multiple crises. Preparedness also relies on access to necessary diagnostic laboratory resources, on up-to-date guidelines, and on maintaining awareness among clinicians for these rare infections.
Mycoplasma genitalium retrospective audit of Northern Territory isolates from 2022
Authors: Proudmore Kate , Gunathilake Manoji , Crawford Lucy , Freeman Kevin , Menouhos Dimitrios , Baird Rob
Published: August 2024

The Northern Territory (NT) has the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Australia; however, the local prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) has not been previously determined. This study was designed to review M. genitalium detection, to determine the regional NT prevalence and macrolide resistance rates. In our study the NT background prevalence of M. genitalium is 13%, with the highest detection rates occurring in central Australia and in correctional facility inmates. Symptomatic patients attending sexual health clinics have a positivity rate of 12%, but very high macrolide resistance. The decision to screen for M. genitalium should be based on several factors, including the prevalence of the infection in the local population; the availability of effective treatments; and the potential benefits and risks of detection and therapy.
Outbreak investigation of norovirus gastroenteritis in a childcare facility in Central Queensland, Australia: a household level case series analysis
Authors: Schulz Connie , Wyatt Amanda , Walker Jacina , Smoll Nicolas , Field Emma , Khandaker Gulam
Published: August 2024

Noroviruses are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in all age groups, including children. However, little has been reported on the transmission of norovirus within childcare facilities and the subsequent impact at the household level. Methods: We conducted an outbreak investigation of norovirus gastroenteritis in Central Queensland, Australia during May 2021, in a childcare facility and the associated exposed households. Case definitions and outbreak management were employed as per the Communicable Disease Network Australia guidelines for norovirus and suspected viral gastroenteritis. Each case or carer and respective household member was interviewed to determine the date and time of symptom onset, health outcomes, and infector-infectee pairs. We estimated attack rates within the childcare facility and households, and basic reproductive number (R0) for norovirus using time-dependent methods. Results: A total of 41 people developed gastrointestinal symptoms as a result of this outbreak, with 25 cases (61%) acquiring the infection in the centre and 16 cases (39%) occurring at households. Serial intervals were estimated as a mean 2.4 days (standard deviation 1.7 days), with a majority of cases (73%) in children under two years of age within the centre. Three faecal specimens were obtained, all detecting norovirus genotype II. The time-dependent R0 was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0–2.2). Discussion: The attack rate within the childcare facility was highest amongst children aged less than 2 years, highlighting the risk of infection for this age group. We recommend the exclusion of asymptomatic household contacts from childcare facilities to reduce the length and severity of norovirus outbreaks. Further investigation into childcare facility risk factors and associated households are required to optimise public health interventions.
Comparison and review of international guidelines for treating asthma in children
Authors: Roh Eui Jeong
Published: August 2024

Asthma, the most common chronic disease, is characterized by airway inﬂammation and airﬂow obstruction. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 300 million people worldwide have asthma, 30% of whom are pediatric patients. Asthma is a major cause of morbidity that can lead to hospitalization or death in severe pediatric cases. Therefore, it is necessary to provide children with objective and reliable treatment according to consistent guidelines. Several institutes, such as the Global Institute for Asthma, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, British Thoracic Society, Japanese Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology have published and revised asthma guidelines. However, since recommendations diﬀer among them, confusion persists regarding drug therapy for pediatric asthma patients. Additionally, some guidelines have changed significantly in recent years. This review investigated the latest changes in each guideline, compared and analyzed the recommendations, and identified the international trends in pediatric asthma drug therapy. The findings of this review may aid determinations of the future direction of the Korean guidelines for childhood asthma.
Educational Games and Diverse Student Groups
Authors:   , Arztmann Michaela
Published: August 2024

Educational games are widely used in education and previous research has indicated the overall effectiveness of games in improving students’ cognition, motivation, and behavior. However, little is known about whether the effectiveness of games depends on certain student background characteristics or individual differences. As more advanced technologies, such as AR, are increasingly being used in educational games, it is even more critical to consider the influence of student-related factors. Given the heterogeneity of today’s classroom student population, it is essential to examine whether educational games are equally effective for different groups of students or if some groups benefit more than others. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was twofold: 1) to provide insight into student-related factors that influence the effectiveness of educational games and 2) to gain insight into differences in student performance in educational games. Findings from the studies show that overall, applying educational games in classrooms is a beneficial method to increase students’ performance and motivation. Yet, the present dissertation shows that the effectiveness of games can depend on student-related factors and highlights the need for additional research given the lack of understanding on which individual factors play a role in students’ ability to succeed in educational games and how to support students in educational games better.
Square Peg in a Round Hole
Authors:   , Wickham Miriam Ines
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a slow and steady shift in the gender status quo, whereby we are increasingly acknowledging that there are more than two ways for people to define their gender. Shortly before I began my PhD, for instance, the national rail service of the Netherlands (the “Nederlandse Spoorwegen”) announced that they would be addressing their customers as ‘passengers’ (“reizigers” in Dutch), rather than as ‘ladies and gentlemen’. On a global scale, various countries have started to legally recognise “third” gender and sex categories (Ryan, 2018). Gender-neutral pronouns are being introduced to languages that did not yet have them (Gustafsson Sendén et al., 2015) and pre-existing gender-neutral pronouns have become more visible (Bradley et al., 2019). Advocates are arguing for more gender-neutral toilets (Bovens & Marcoci, 2023) and there has been an increased interest in “genderless” or unisex fashion (Kim et al., 2022). These developments signal a growing awareness of the limitations of the gender binary, which I observed when I was thinking about the topic of my PhD.
The gender binary is the view that humans all fit into one of two categories, men and women, that these categories are biologically meaningful, and that this view is natural and unmalleable (Hyde et al., 2019). The effects of this view are pervasive to anyone who identifies outside of the binary, but also for all other LGBT+ individuals (Garelick et al., 2017; Prusaczyk & Hodson, 2020). Recent estimates suggest that anywhere from 3% to 35% of the general population see themselves as part man and part woman, or as something completely different from man and woman (in the Netherlands: Kuyper & Wijsen, 2014; in Flanders, Belgium: Van Caenegem et al., 2015; in Israel: Joel et al., 2014). This suggests that the gender binary may not adequately represent the self-views of a considerable number of people and that a move away from it may be justified. In other words, if many people feel like proverbial “square pegs” being shoved into “round holes”, perhaps moving away from those holes is a good idea.
In this thesis, I set out to further investigate the societal move away from the gender binary, and specifically to further challenge two assumptions: (1) that the gender binary is helpful, either as a cognitive heuristic or as a way for us to identify with one another, and (2) that it is natural, in that it is upheld by something innate to humans. To do so, I looked at experiences of threat towards gender-inclusive interventions, people’s gender binary beliefs, and how people categorise both themselves and others by gender. In doing so, I have found further information about how we, as a society, can approach the societal shift away from the gender binary, by raising awareness about this data among the general population and reducing resistance to gender-inclusive interventions.
MULTICULTURALISM IN EDUCATION: NAVIGATING THE SHIFT FROM EDUCATION FOR MIGRANTS TO EDUCATION FOR GLOBAL UNDERSTANDING AND INCLUSIVITY
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Sikorska I.
Published: August 2024

This article explores the concepts of ‘multiculturalism’ and its implications in education, emphasizing the importance of this concept for promoting cultural diversity in today's increasingly diverse and interconnected world. The article begins by examining the limitations of multiculturalism such as essentializing cultures and reinforcing cultural barriers. The author also analyses how the shift from multiculturalism to interculturalism has occurred and what the implications it has had in academic discourse and educational practices emphasizing the needs for educators to adopt a most appropriate approach in designing curricula, fostering inclusive classroom environments, and preparing students for living and working in a modern globalized world. The shift from an education model that focused primarily on meeting the needs of migrant students to ones that prioritize multiculturalism and global understanding is also presented. The author concludes displaying some of the key principles of multicultural education, including inclusivity, cultural awareness, equity, critical thinking, and a global perspective. Keywords: multiculturalism, interculturalism, multicultural education, intercultural education, education for migrants, globalized world
WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THEATER CULTURE OF MARIUPOL IN THE CONTROLLED TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Demidko O.
Published: August 2024

The article highlights the main features of the development of theater art in Mariupol on the territory controlled by Ukraine. The activities of the Independent Theater of the author's play «Conception», its repertoire and the main challenges faced by the Mariupol collective after the full-scale invasion of Russia are outlined. It was found that this theater became the only group that managed to resume its work almost in full in Ukraine. It is emphasized that it was the theater of the author's play Conception that was able to unite the people of Mariupol and revive theater culture in the territory controlled by Ukraine. It is noted that when the collective started its work in Kyiv, it was joined by actors from other theaters of Mariupol and Ukraine in general. In the performances «The face of the color of war», «Staying together», «Immigrant life» with the help of artistic images, the actors of the Mariupol independent theater of the author’s play Conception, who were in the occupied city until April, told the audience both their stories and the stories of people , who managed to leave the territories captured by Russian troops to the territory controlled by Ukraine. It has been established that the actor of the Theater of author's play "Conception" is the director of the children's theater «Tezy», thanks to which small and young Mariupol residents create stage images, work with literary works, train body plasticity and pronunciation, experiment and generate creative ideas as part of classes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in cultural studies, the peculiarities of the development of the theater art of the Northern Azov region in the conditions of martial law have been highlighted. Key words: theater, Mariupol, theater culture, war, Ukraine, occupation.
PECULIARITIES OF THE PROFESSIONAL OF THE A FOLK VOCAL TEACHER AT A HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors:   Kyiv national university kulture and arts, Drinevska V.
Published: August 2024

The goal of the work is in the analysis of the specificity of the professional activity of a folk vocal teacher in the context of the competency - oriented approach implementation in the system of the higher education of Ukraine. Methodology of the investigation is based on the general pedagogical principles of humanization and humanitarization of education, theories of pedagogical culture and professional preparation, formation singing culture on the conceptual principles of vocal teachers’ preparation at the higher educational establishments, and also it predicts the implementation of methods of analysis of scientific-methodological literature for determination the instruments and the state of development of the problem of forming the professional competence of future folk vocal teachers, generalization and systematization of theoretical positions for the substantiation of the results of the research. Scientific novelty of the work lies in cognition of singing pedagogical competence of a teacher of a higher school as a complex polifunctional personalogical derivation on the basis of the integration of professional theoretical knowledge, value orientations and practical skills in the sphere of vocal pedagogy. Conclusions. As a result of the investigation, it was concluded that the professional competence of the teacher of folk vocals at the higher school is an indicator of his maturity as a specialist in his professional activities, and is based on fundamental humanitarian education and emotional and value attitude to the specialty, on mastery of technology of work, readiness for creative decision of professional tasks and own self-realization. Implementation of the competence approach in the educational process of higher education and during the formation of the professional competence of the folk vocal teacher in the competency-structural aspect involves the selection of three components: emotional and motivational, cognitive-technological, and creative-activity competencies. Key words: higher school of Ukraine, folk vocal, professional competence, humanitarian education, musical education.