bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARISTOTLE AND EUCLID'S POSTULATES
Authors: Acerbi Fabio
Published: November 2013

Book 1 of Euclid's Elements opens with a set of unproved assumptions: definitions (ὅροι), postulates, and ‘common notions’ (κοιναὶ ἔννοιαι). The common notions are general rules validating deductions that involve the relations of equality and congruence. The attested postulates are five in number, even if a part of the manuscript tradition adds a sixth, almost surely spurious (‘two straight lines do not contain a space’), that in some manuscripts features as the ninth, and last, common notion. The postulates are called αἰτήματα both in the manuscripts of the Elements and in the ancient exegetic tradition. It is not said, however, that this denomination is original, as it coincides with the nomen rei actae associated with the verbal form introducing the postulates themselves. Since antiquity it has been recognized that the postulates naturally split into two groups of quite different character: the first three are rules licensing basic constructions, the fourth and the fifth are assertions stating properties of particular geometric objects (see Procl. In Euc. 182–4 and 188–93). I transcribe postulates 1–3 in the text established by Heiberg (Euclidis Elementa 1.4.14–5.2):

ᾐτήσθω ἀπὸ παντὸς σημείου ἐπὶ πᾶν σημεῖον εὐθεῖαν γραμμὴν ἀγαγεῖν

καὶ πεπερασμένην εὐθεῖαν κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐπ᾽ εὐθείας ἐκβαλεῖν

καὶ παντὶ κέντρῳ καὶ διαστήματι κύκλον γράϕεσθαι
THEARISTOTELIAN CORPUSAND THE RHODIAN TRADITION: NEW LIGHT FROM POSIDONIUS ON THE TRANSMISSION OF ARISTOTLE'S WORKS
Authors: Pajón Leyra Irene
Published: November 2013

The ancient sources tell a particular story about the destiny of the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus after Theophrastus' death. According to information provided mainly by Strabo and Plutarch, the texts produced by the Peripatetic school were lost and unavailable during a period of more than two hundred years, from the time of Neleus, the heir of Theophrastus' library, until Sulla's victory in Athens, in 86b.c., at the end of his campaign against Mithridates. That was the point at which the private library of a famous bibliophile was confiscated: Apellicon of Teos, who at some time at the beginning of the first centuryb.c.had acquired the autograph papyri that contained the only copies of Aristotle's and his disciple's works. Sulla, so these sources maintain, recovered then for later generations the so-called ‘esoteric writings’ of Aristotle, and this prepared the ground for the general diffusion of Aristotelian thought, and for the work of Andronicus of Rhodes, whose name has gone down in history as the author of theeditio princepsof theAristotelian Corpus.
AESCHYLUS, PERSAE 767
Authors: Sansone David
Published: November 2013

The ghost of Darius provides a versified history of the Persian kingship, from the beginning down to the reign of his luckless son Xerxes, that starts out as follows in Martin West's Teubner text (1990):Mῆδος γὰρ ἦν ὁ πρῶτος ἡγεμὼν στρατοῦ,   765ἄλλος δ’ ἐκείνου παῖς τόδ’ ἔργον ἥνυσεν·ϕρένες γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόϕουν·τρίτος δ’ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ Κῦρος, εὐδαίμων ἀνήρ,ἄρξας ἔθηκε πᾶσιν εἰρήνην ϕίλοις,Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸν καὶ Φρυγῶν ἐκτήσατο   770Ἰωνίαν τε πᾶσαν ἤλασεν βίᾳ·θεὸς γὰρ οὐκ ἤχθηρεν, ὡς εὔϕρων ἔϕυ.Κύρου δὲ παῖς τέταρτος ηὔθυνε στρατόν·πέμπτος δὲ Mάρδος ἦρξεν, αἰσχύνη πάτρᾳθρόνοισί τ’ ἀρχαίοισι·    775First comes ‘the Mede Cyaxares, whom A[eschylus] probably saw as the first king of a united Media and Persia, and therefore the right person to begin his list’. Unless ἄλλος (766) is corrupt, the first two members of the dynasty are anonymous. This is not perhaps surprising, given Aeschylus’ limited knowledge of early Median and Persian history and given his use of these rulers as foils to the blest (εὐδαίμων) Cyrus. Each of them is, like the equally anonymous Cambyses (773), accorded only one or two lines, in contrast to the five lines devoted to Cyrus the Great. What is surprising is that the second of these is singled out for his good sense and his restraint (‘For his clear thinking plied the tiller of his passions’, 767). Further, it is not clear what point is being made by attributing ‘this deed’ (τόδ’ ἔργον, 766) to the good sense and restraint of the son of the Mede, particularly since it is not immediately apparent to what deed reference is being made. As Alexander Garvie notes in his recent commentary on the play, ‘That this line [767] is out of place in the codd. is highly likely’.
ARISTOTLE'S ETHICA EUDEMIA 1220b10–11 ἐν τοῖς ἀπηλλαγμένοις AND DE VIRTUTIBUS ET VITIIS
Authors: Simpson Peter L.P.
Published: November 2013

Aristotle's Ethica Eudemia (EE) Book 2 Chapter 2 contains, at lines 1220b10–11, a well-known crux in the phrase ἐν τοῖς ἀπηλλαγμένοις. The context makes clear that Aristotle is using this phrase to refer to some writing or other, but scholars have been puzzled both about what the phrase means and what writing it refers to.
Pharisaic Dominance Before 70 CE and the Gospels' Hypocrisy Charge (Matt 23:2–3)
Authors: Mason Steve
Published: November 2013

The following study treats two distinct but related questions. First, were the Pharisees the dominant party in Palestinian Judaism before the destruction of the temple? And second, did Jesus of Nazareth engage in controversy with them? Many scholars today would answer one or both of these questions negatively. My thesis, however, is that both should be answered affirmatively and, further, that it was precisely the status of the Pharisees as the dominant party that makes intelligible Jesus' charge of hypocrisy.
Helminth communities ofLeptodactylus latrans(Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest, south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Toledo G.M. , Morais D.H. , Silva R.J. , Anjos L.A.
Published: November 2013

The helminth fauna associated withLeptodactylus latrans, a large frog living in a disturbed environment of Atlantic rainforest in south-eastern Brazil, was evaluated. We found eight helminth taxa, including five nematode species,Falcaustra mascula,Oswaldocruzia subauricularis,Physalopterasp.,Rhabdiassp. and an unidentified cosmocercid, two trematodes,Gorgoderina parvicavaandHaematoloechus fuelleborni, and one larval cestode. The overall prevalence of infection was 63.2% with a mean intensity of 11.3 ± 3.8. The cosmocercid nematode andO. subauricularisshowed the highest prevalences, although the trematodeG. parvicavawas the most abundant and dominant parasite species. Host size positively influenced both the intensity of infection and parasite species richness. Our data suggest that the juvenile individuals ofL. latransare more susceptible to parasitic infection than the adults. The comparison of the similarity of this community component with that found in other studies in South America shows that, as well as the characteristics of the host, the sampling area also influences the parasitic fauna. Therefore, the results of this study agree that the helminth communities of frogs have relatively low species richness and dominance of generalist species.
Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships in Umbilicaria I. Making the Connections
Authors: Hestmark Geir
Published: November 2013

Anamorphs of 17 taxa in the genus Umbilicaria (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina)a re connected with known teleomorphs through what is described as the thallic type of connection. Teleomorphs of Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. and Umbilicaria cinerascens (Arnold) Frey are described for the first time. Possible correlated trends in the evolution of anamorphs and teleomorphs are discussed.
A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae)
Authors: Okanishi Masanori , Fujita Toshihiko
Published: November 2013

The genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae) was revised based on 34 specimens including two syntypes of Asteronyx excavata, two syntypes of Asteronyx plana and two syntypes of Ophiocreas abyssicola. We proposed a transfer of Ophiocreas abyssicola (Euryalidae) to the genus Astrodia. Consequently, Astrodia now includes four species, Astrodia abyssicola, A. excavata, A. plana and A. tenuispina. These four species are all redescribed. A taxonomic key to the species of the genus Astrodia is also provided.
Prevalence and patterns of infection by the epicaridean parasite,Gyge ovalisand the emergence of intersex in the estuarine mud shrimp,Upogebia major
Authors: Ubaldo Jonathan P. , Nanri Takahiro , Takada Yoshitake , Saigusa Masayuki
Published: November 2013

A population of the mud shrimp,Upogebia major, inhabiting Kasaoka Inlet had a higher frequency of intersex males compared to other populations in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. This population also featured a high prevalence of the branchial epicaridean parasite,Gyge ovalis, and inhabited a tidal flat characterized by increasingly softer sediments going into the lower tidal areas. We examined the rates at which infection co-occurred with intersex features and checked whether infection patterns varied with intersex occurrence according to host size and tidal level position. Fewer specimens were both intersex and infected than those having only one of either condition; infection was not a significant predictor of intersex. However, infection in young hosts that recovered from the parasite could be associated with the intersex morphologies and account for the majority of cases that were intersex but parasite-free. Deletions of the cuticular ridge (CRD) between the first and second abdominal segment and tidal level position were correlated with intersex. Lower tidal zone mud shrimp were, respectively, three and four times more likely to be intersex and exhibit CRD than those in the upper tidal zone. Potentially inclusive factors that may influence these trends are higher rates of early infection and increased exposure to sediment-bound pollutants in mud shrimp inhabiting the lower tidal areas.
Modulation of leukocytic populations of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) by the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa: Myxosporea)
Authors: ESTENSORO ITZIAR , MULERO IVÁN , REDONDO MARÍA J. , ÁLVAREZ-PELLITERO PILAR , MULERO VICTORIANO , SITJÀ-BOBADILLA ARIADNA
Published: November 2013

The cellular mucosal and systemic effectors of gilthead sea bream (GSB) (Sparus aurata) involved in the acute immune response to the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei were studied in fish experimentally infected by the anal route. In the intestinal inflammatory infiltrates and in lymphohaematopoietic organs (head kidney and spleen) of parasitized fish, the number of plasma cells, B cells (IgM immunoreactive) and mast cells (histamine immunoreactive) were significantly higher, whereas the number of acidophilic granulocytes (G7 immunoreactive) decreased, compared with non-parasitized and unexposed fish. These differences were stronger at the posterior intestine, the main target of the parasite, and no differences were found in the thymus. In non-parasitized GSB, the percentage of splenic surface occupied by melanomacrophage centres was significantly higher. These results suggest that the cellular response of GSB to E. leei includes proliferation of leukocytes in lymphohaematopoietic organs and recruitment into intestines via blood circulation involving elements of innate and adaptive immunity. Acidophilic granulocytes and mast cells presented opposite patterns of response to the parasite infection, with an overall depletion of the former and an increased amount of the latter. Some differences between both cell types were also detected in regard to their granule density and cell morphology.
The No-Minimum argument and satisficing: a reply to Chris Dragos
Authors: JORDAN JEFF
Published: November 2013

Chris Dragos has recently presented two objections to criticisms I've published against Peter van Inwagen's No-Minimum argument. He also suggests that the best way to criticize the No-Minimum argument is via the concept of divine satisficing. In this article I argue that both of Dragos's objections fail, and I question whether satisficing is relevant to the viability of the No-Minimum argument.
Symmetries and itineracy in nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom
Authors: Breakspear Michael , Friston Karl
Published: November 2013

Tsuda examines the potential contribution of nonlinear dynamical systems, with many degrees of freedom, to understanding brain function. We offer suggestions concerning symmetry and transients to strengthen the physiological motivation and theoretical consistency of this novel research direction: Symmetry plays a fundamental role, theoretically and in relation to real brains. We also highlight a distinction between chaotic “transience” and “itineracy.”
An evaluation of a person-centred care programme for long-term care facilities
Authors: WILLIAMS JAIME , HADJISTAVROPOULOS THOMAS , GHANDEHARI OMEED O. , YAO XUE , LIX LISA
Published: November 2013

Person-centred approaches in long-term care focus on providing holistic care to residents in order to improve quality of life, enhance resident wellbeing and autonomy, and mitigate behavioural and/or other symptoms. The results of research on person-centred approaches to care are mixed, with very few high-quality empirical studies examining resident outcomes specifically. The purpose of this investigation was to examine a person-centred care programme implemented in three Canadian long-term care facilities to determine its effect on resident outcomes, approach to care and maintenance of the programme three years after implementation. Using the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) scale scores and quality indicators, we retrospectively examined resident outcomes before, after and six months following the initiation of the programme using three additional facilities as control. We did not find any effects on resident outcomes. Focus group interviews with facility staff revealed no systematic differences between the programme and control facilities in their approach to care. All facilities supported aspects of a person-centred philosophy. Focus group interview data from the programme facilities indicated partial maintenance in two facilities and more complete maintenance in one facility. Although staff members supported the programme, implementation and maintenance proved difficult and effectiveness on resident outcomes was not indicated in this research. Additional controlled studies are needed.
EXPLORING THE ROLE PLAYED BY ERROR CORRECTION AND MODELS ON CHILDREN’S REPORTED NOTICING AND OUTPUT PRODUCTION IN A L2 WRITING TASK
Authors: Coyle Yvette , Roca de Larios Julio
Published: November 2013

This article reports an empirical study in which we explored the role played by two forms of feedback—error correction and model texts—on child English as a foreign language learners’ reported noticing and written output. The study was carried out with 11- and 12-year-old children placed in proficiency-matched pairs who engaged in a three-stage collaborative writing task involving (a) spontaneous noticing of linguistic problems while composing, (b) comparison of their texts with the feedback provided, and (c) rewriting of their original output. Results indicate that although the children noticed and later incorporated mainly lexical features into their output, gains in the linguistic acceptability and comprehensibility of their revised texts showed an advantage for error correction over models. Learners in the error correction condition reported more noticing of grammar at the comparison stage, which later emerged in their revisions. The potential effects of both feedback strategies on children’s reported noticing and output production are discussed, and conclusions are drawn for the role of feedback in children’s classroom second language acquisition.
Recent Acquisitions and Conservation of Antiquities at the Ure Museum, University of Reading 2004–2008
Authors: Harris A. L.
Published: November 2013

The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, in the Department of Classics at the University of Reading, has experienced something of a renaissance in the 3rd millennium. It acquired status as a registered museum in 2001 and accreditation in 2008. It has boasted a bespoke web-accessible database since 2002 and a professionally designed website since 2004 (www.reading.ac.uk/ure). Finally, in 2005 its physical display was completely redesigned. While the existence of the Museum and some of its collections have long been well known to scholars of Gr vases – thanks to the tireless efforts of Percy and Annie Ure in the first half of the 20th Ct, including their 1954 publication of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 12. University of Reading (London, Oxford University Press, 1954), AR 9 (1962–1963) and some listings in Beazley and Trendall's volumes (see J.D. Beazley, Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, 2nd ed. [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1963], A.D. Trendall and A. Cambitoglou, The Red-figured Vases of Apulia [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1978–1982], A.D. Trendall, The Red-figured Vases of Lucania, Campania and Sicily (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1967) – much of the collection remains unknown. Even in the 1960s, after all, the publication of fragments, lamps and Cypriote ceramics remained unfashionable. And the Ures, experts in Gr pottery, were little interested in publishing the Egyptian artefacts (approximately a 5th of the displayed collection) and other non-ceramic artefacts. As part of the Ure Museum's renaissance, University of Reading staff and students are researching and gradually publishing its hidden treasures: A.C. Smith, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 23. Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council) (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007) documents more than 150 vases, most in the Ure Museum, from the Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council); a forthcoming fascicule of the Corpus of Cypriote Antiquities will catalogue the Cypriote holdings in the Ure Museum; and another volume of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum will detail approximately 200 holdings of the Ure Museum that are hitherto unpublished. The items discussed below, however, are those that have been acquired by the Ure Museum since 2004, as well a sample of the 19 Coptic textile fragments, which have been brought out of storage, conserved by the Textile Conservation Centre in Winchester and are now displayed in the Ure Museum (since 2005).
Maternal responsiveness and sensitivity reconsidered: Some is more
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Manian Nanmathi
Published: November 2013

Is it always or necessarily the case that common and important parenting practices are better, insofar as they occur more often, or worse, because they occur less often? Perhaps, less is more, or some is more. To address this question, we studied mothers' microcoded contingent responsiveness to their infants (M= 5.4 months,SD= 0.2) in relation to independent global judgments of the same mothers' parenting sensitivity. In a community sample of 335 European American dyads, videorecorded infant and maternal behaviors were timed microanalytically throughout an extended home observation; separately and independently, global maternal sensitivity was rated macroanalytically. Sequential analysis and spline regression showed that, as maternal contingent responsiveness increased, judged maternal sensitivity increased to significance on the contingency continuum, after which mothers who were even more contingent were judged less sensitive. Just significant levels of maternal responsiveness are deemed optimally sensitive. Implications of these findings for typical and atypical parenting, child development, and intervention science are discussed.
Differential susceptibility in longitudinal models of gene–environment interaction for adolescent depression
Authors: Li James J. , Berk Michele S. , Lee Steve S.
Published: November 2013

Although family support reliably predicts the development of adolescent depression and suicidal behaviors, relatively little is known about the interplay of family support with potential genetic factors. We tested the association of the 44 base pair polymorphism in the serotonin transporter linked promoter region gene (5-HTTLPR), family support (i.e., cohesion, communication, and warmth), and their interaction with self-reported depression symptoms and risk for suicide in 1,030 Caucasian adolescents and young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. High-quality family support predicted fewer symptoms of depression and reduced risk for suicidality. There was also a significant interaction between5-HTTLPRand family support for boys and a marginally significant interaction for girls. Among boys with poor family support, youth with at least one short allele had more symptoms of depression and a higher risk for suicide attempts relative to boys homozygous for the long allele. However, in the presence of high family support, boys with the short allele had the fewest depression symptoms (but not suicide attempts). Results suggest that the short allele may increase reactivity to both negative and positive family influences in the development of depression. We discuss the potential role of interactive exchanges between family support and offspring genotype in the development of adolescent depression and suicidal behaviors.
Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths
Authors: Tarbox Sarah I. , Addington Jean , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Heinssen Robert , McGlashan Thomas H. , Woods Scott W.
Published: November 2013

Deterioration in premorbid functioning is a common feature of schizophrenia, but sensitivity to psychosis conversion among clinical high-risk samples has not been examined. This study evaluates premorbid functioning as a predictor of psychosis conversion among a clinical high-risk sample, controlling for effects of prior developmental periods. Participants were 270 clinical high-risk individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study—I, 78 of whom converted to psychosis over the next 2.5 years. Social, academic, and total maladjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence were rated using the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Early adolescent social dysfunction significantly predicted conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio = 1.30, p = .014), independently of childhood social maladjustment and independently of severity of most baseline positive and negative prodromal symptoms. Baseline prodromal symptoms of disorganized communication, social anhedonia, suspiciousness, and diminished ideational richness mediated this association. Early adolescent social maladjustment and baseline suspiciousness together demonstrated moderate positive predictive power (59%) and high specificity (92.1%) in predicting conversion. Deterioration of academic and total functioning, although observed, did not predict conversion to psychosis. Results indicate early adolescent social dysfunction to be an important early predictor of conversion. As such, it may be a good candidate for inclusion in prediction algorithms and could represent an advantageous target for early intervention.
In Pursuit of Pluralism: The Ecclesiastical Policy of the European Union
Authors: Rivers Julian
Published: November 2013

In the last decade, the religious dimensions and significance of the European Union have been increasingly recognised. This paper sets out the role and regulation of religious associations within European law. Although it is often assumed that European competence does not touch on matters of religion, a jurisdictional separation of ‘economics’ and ‘religion’ has been increasingly hard to sustain. European law grants various privileges and exemptions to religious bodies. However, the dominant model to emerge is one of pluralism: distinctive substantive legal regimes applicable to religious bodies, and a distinctive participatory position within the governance of the European Union. However, the paper suggests that the pursuit of pluralism has not been entirely successful National diversity in this field coupled with the sheer complexity of achieving a reasonable balance of competing interests conspire to make it remarkably elusive. What is needed is a greater recognition of the right of States to adjust European legal requirements to accommodate the legitimate needs of the religious bodies within their jurisdiction and a renewed commitment to producing workable solutions in dialogue with religious associations.
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of congenital cardiac anomalies
Authors: Razavi Reza S. , Hill Derek L. G. , Muthurangu Vivek , Miquel Marc E. , Taylor Andrew M. , Kozerke Sebastian , Baker Edward J.
Published: November 2013

We describe a new method of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the heart that has been used to produce high quality diagnostic images in 274 patients with congenital cardiac disease, ranging in age from 1 day to 66 years. Using a steady state free precession gradient echo technique and parallel imaging, rapid acquisition of the entire cardiac volume is possible during 8 to 15 sequential breath-holds, each lasting between 8 and 15 s. We obtained high-resolution images, with a resolution of 1 mm3, at between 3 and 10 phases of the cardiac cycle.

While images of diagnostic quality were obtained in all cases, in 52 patients there was some degradation due to various factors. Children under 8 years were ventilated, and ventilation was suspended for the breath-holds. For patients breathing spontaneously a novel respiratory navigator technique was developed, using a navigator echo placed over the right hemidiaphragm. This was used successfully in 20 patients, and reduced the misalignment of images obtained during different breath-holds.

Images were analysed using multi-planar reformatting and volume rendering. Image processing took approximately five minutes for each study. End-diastolic images were processed for all patients. Systolic images were also processed in selected cases.

Further improvements in parallel imaging should reduce imaging times further, so that it is possible to obtain the full volume image in a single breath-hold. This will enable imaging of complex anatomy to be obtained using a standard imaging protocol that does not require the operator to understand the cardiac malformation, making the magnetic resonance imaging of congenital cardiac disease faster and more effective.
The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis
Authors: BELANGER HEATHER G. , VANDERPLOEG RODNEY D.
Published: November 2013

There is increasing interest in the potential neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion. A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of sports-related concussion across six cognitive domains. The analysis was based on 21 studies involving 790 cases of concussion and 2014 control cases. The overall effect of concussion (d= 0.49) was comparable to the effect found in the non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury population (d= 0.54; Belanger et al., 2005). Using sports-concussed participants with a history of prior head injury appears to inflate the effect sizes associated with the current sports-related concussion. Acute effects (within 24 hr of injury) of concussion were greatest for delayed memory, memory acquisition, and global cognitive functioning (d= 1.00, 1.03, and 1.42, respectively). However, no residual neuropsychological impairments were found when testing was completed beyond 7 days postinjury. These findings were moderated by cognitive domain and comparison group (control groupversuspreconcussion self-control). Specifically, delayed memory in studies utilizing a control group remained problematic at 7 days. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. (JINS, 2005,11, 345–357.)
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy-Atomic Force Microscopy Probes from Pyrolyzed Parylene C
Authors: Morton K.C. , Derylo M.A. , Weber A.E. , Baker L.A.
Published: November 2013

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
The Inner Makeup of Definite Determiners: The Case of Germanic
Authors: Roehrs Dorian
Published: November 2013

This paper studies the internal structure of definite articles and demon-stratives in twelve Germanic languages. Examining synchronic and diachronic data as well as systematic gaps, it seeks to illuminate the nature of definiteness markers and inflections,d- and -erin Germand-er‘the' andd-ies-er‘this', with the goal of identifying some consequences for the syntax of the determiner phrase as a whole. Arguing that definite-ness markers are semantically vacuous elements, the paper proposes that articles involve an inflectional head in the syntax and demonstratives consist of an inflectional and a deictic head. Isomorphic correspondences between overt components and abstract syntactic structure may be partially or completely “masked” by postsyntactic operations.*
V. Anglo-Russian Relations 1815–40
Authors: Crawley C. W.
Published: November 2013

Russia in 1815 appeared with England as the saviour of Europe from Napoleon's despotism; the Tsar Alexander I, both by his moderation towards the French nation and by the generosity of his promises to the Poles, earned the respect of all good Europeans. In England especially the Whig party, true to the traditions of 1790 and of opposition to Pitt's warlike threats, was always ready to admire the Tsar and to co-operate with Russia. Twenty years later dislike and fear of Russia was in the minds of most Englishmen, and the responsible utterances of party leaders ranged from extreme reserve to unconcealed hostility. It is curious that some of the most hostile voices were now among the Whigs, while the tone of Conservative leaders was more cautious, and the only friends of Russia were to be found in Lord Durham and Richard Cobden, both men of Radical leanings.
Fishing in the gene pool – how useful was the catch?
Authors: Koebner Robert , Ortiz Rodomiro
Published: November 2013

A commentary on the highlights of the 2013 EUCARPIA (the European Associationc for Research on Plant Breeding) Plant Genetic Resources Section meeting at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp is presented here. The central theme of the meeting was the use of plant genetic resources in pre-breeding programmes, particularly in the context of incipient climate change and human population pressure.
A 60 GHz fully differential LNA in 90 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Malignaggi Andrea , Hamidian Amin , Boeck Georg
Published: November 2013

The present paper presents a fully differential 60 GHz four stages low-noise amplifier for wireless applications. The amplifier has been optimized for low-noise, high-gain, and low-power consumption, and implemented in a 90 nm low-power CMOS technology. Matching and common-mode rejection networks have been realized using shielded coplanar transmission lines. The amplifier achieves a peak small-signal gain of 21.3 dB and an average noise figure of 5.4 dB along with power consumption of 30 mW and occupying only 0.38 mm2pads included. The detailed design procedure and the achieved measurement results are presented in this work.
The Effects of Suicide Ideation Assessments on Urges to Self-Harm and Suicide
Authors: Eynan Rahel , Bergmans Yvonne , Antony Jesmin , Cutcliffe John R. , Harder Henry G. , Ambreen Munazzah , Balderson Ken , Links Paul S.
Published: November 2013

Background: Participants’ safety is the primary concern when conducting research with suicidal or potentially suicidal participants. The presence of suicide risk is often an exclusion criterion for research participants. Subsequently, few studies have examined the effects of research assessments on study participants’ suicidality. Aims: The purpose of this research was to examine the patterns of postassessment changes in self-harm and suicide urges of study participants who were recently discharged from an inpatient psychiatric service. Method: Study participants (N = 120) were recruited from patients with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior admitted with current suicidal ideation or suicide attempt to an inpatient psychiatric service and/or a crisis stabilization unit. Participants were assessed for suicidal ideation with the Suicide Ideation Scale at 1, 3, and 6 months following their discharge from hospital. The risk assessment protocol was administered at the start and at the end of each of the study follow-up assessments. Results: Changes in self-harm and suicide urges following study assessments were small, infrequent, and were most likely to reflect a decrease in suicidality. Similarly, participants rarely reported worsening self-control over suicidal urges, and when they did, the effect was minimal. By the end of the 6-month follow-up period, increases in self-harm and suicidal urges postassessment were not seen. Conclusion: The inclusion of suicidal participants in research interviews rarely increased suicide risk. Research involving suicidal individuals is possible when study protocols are well planned and executed by trained assessors and clinicians who are able to identify participants at risk and provide intervention if necessary. The few participants that required intervention had high levels of suicide ideation and behavior at baseline and almost all reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Further study is needed to better characterize this subgroup of participants.
The Law Criminalizing Attempted Suicide in Ghana
Authors: Hjelmeland Heidi , Osafo Joseph , Akotia Charity S. , Knizek Birthe L.
Published: November 2013

Background: Attempted suicide is still considered a crime in Ghana. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes toward this law held by health workers and police officers in Ghana so as to provide culture-sensitive arguments to aid in abolishing the law. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight clinical psychologists, eight emergency ward nurses, and eight police officers. Results: The majority of informants did not agree with the law criminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana, although five of the emergency ward nurses and two police officers did. Arguments for agreeing with the law were that people have no right to take life and that the law has a deterrent effect and thus it will help reduce the suicide rate. The main argument for not agreeing with the law was that suicidal behavior is a mental health issue. Those who argued in favor of the law did not seem to reflect much on the reasons for suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Education on how to understand suicidal behavior and suicidal people may aid the work toward decriminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana.
Local decomposition induced by dislocation motions inside tetragonal Al2Cu compound: slip system-dependent dynamics
Authors: Chen D. , Ma X. L.
Published: November 2013

Dislocations in a crystal are usually classified into several independent slip systems. Motion of a partial dislocation in monometallic crystals may remove or create stacking fault characterized with a partial of a lattice translation vector. However, it is recently known that motion of partial dislocations in complex structure, such as that inside an intermetallic Al2Cu compound, lead to a local composition deviation from its stoichiometric ratio and the resultant structure collapse. Here we report such a local decomposition behaviors are strongly dependent on slip system of dislocations. Under applied external stress, we have studied dislocation motion behaviors in the three independent slip systems of [001](110), [100]("Equation missing") and [110]("Equation missing") within tetragonal Al2Cu crystal by using molecular dynamics method. We found dislocation motions in all these slip systems result in local decomposition but their physical details differ significantly.
Biomedical Applications of Molecular Gels
Authors: Truong Warren Ty , Lewis Lev , Thordarson Pall
Published: November 2013

This chapter describes various emerging and potential biomedical applications of molecular gels, focusing on three main areas: drug delivery, tissue engineering and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Before discussing these in details, the generic benefits of using molecular gels for medical applications are discussed with focus on their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). The first main area to be covered is then the use of molecular gels in drug delivery which again can be divided into three main categories; passive release of drugs from molecular gels, enzyme-trigged release and therapeutic molecular gels where the gelator molecule itself is the active drug. In all these cases the emphasis is on examples that have been tested or demonstrated in cell cultures (in vitro) or live animals (in vivo). The second main area concerns the use of molecular gels in tissue engineering highlighting successful examples of the how molecular gels can promote and direct the activity of stem cells to repair damaged tissues. The final main area discussed in this chapter is the development of 3D cell culture based on molecular gels. This emerging field illustrates well the advantages that molecular gels have in terms of chemical purity, synthetic ease and diversity, combined with their ECM mimicking ability, in comparison with polymeric or biologically sourced competing 3D cell culture models. The chapter concludes with some examples of emerging trends in the area and a discussion on what the future outlook is for the use of molecular gels in biomedicine.
Eutectics as improved pharmaceutical materials: design, properties and characterization
Authors: Cherukuvada Suryanarayan , Nangia Ashwini
Published: November 2013

The combination of isomorphous solids gives rise to continuous solid solutions and solids in which the adhesive interactions outweigh the cohesive ones lead to cocrystals. With weak adhesive, strong cohesive and a geometric misfit, the product is eutectic.
Low‐complexity twiddle factor generation for FFT processor
Authors: Kang Hyeong‐Ju , Lee Jong‐Yeol , Kim Ji‐Hoon
Published: November 2013

A low‐complexity twiddle factor generation structure for fast Fourier transform (FFT) is proposed. In FFT, twiddle faction generation and multiplication occupies more area than the other mathematical operations. The proposed structure reduces the twiddle factor generation part by removing the redundancies in the conventional structure and compressing the twiddle factor ROM contents. With the proposed structure, the twiddle factor generation part is reduced by 32–45% compared with that of the conventional structure.
Arbitrary load measurement circuit for adaptive impedance tuning circuit
Authors: Hwang Soosul , Chae Myoung‐Ho , Ma Keunsu , Hong Sung‐Yong
Published: November 2013

An adaptive impedance tuning circuit (AITC) is used to compensate for the impedance between the arbitrary load impedance and the characteristic impedance of interest. An AITC is required for correct and accurate load impedance measurements. A new type of mismatch measurement circuit that measures the arbitrary load impedance more accurately is proposed and its performance against existing methods is compared. The proposed circuit exhibits a significant performance improvement compared with the conventional method, and it could be applied to different communication systems that have a variety of input signal strengths.
Simulation and measurement of propeller modulation using FM broadcast band commensal radar
Authors: Maasdorp F.D.V. , Cilliers J.E. , Inggs M.R. , Tong C.
Published: November 2013

Radar research using transmitters of opportunity (commensal radar (CR)) has experienced a resurgence in popularity, focused mainly on target detection and less so on target classification. This reported work has demonstrated that CR can be used to estimate the rotation rate of an aircraft propeller accurately over a wide range of frontal aspect angles. The propeller induces polarisation modulation, which results in amplitude modulation of the signal received by the passive radar receiver. This effect is derived mathematically and verified with a detailed electromagnetic simulation of the aircraft's propeller. Lastly, these findings were validated with field measurements of a Cessna 172 aircraft.
Long‐term atomic resonator‐based stabilisation system of ultrafast laser with small physics package
Authors: Wu Jiutao , Hou Dong , Wang Zhong , Zhao Jianye
Published: November 2013

A long‐term miniaturised stabilisation scheme for a mode‐locked laser based on a rubidium coherent population trapping atomic resonator is demonstrated. By directly locking the repetition rate of a mode‐locked laser to the 85Rb 3.035 GHz coherent population trapping resonance, a miniaturised stabilisation system for the mode‐locked laser is achieved. The stabilised laser shows a frequency instability of 5 × 10−11 (1 s) and a long‐term instability of ∼3 × 10−12. This scheme avoids the extra stability loss in the electronic connection between the mode‐locked laser and the frequency reference. The whole stabilisation system occupies only a physics package of 5 × 5 × 2.2 cm, which provides a compact and portable approach for mode‐locked laser repetition rate stabilisation.
Tunable 200 GHz lens‐coupled annular‐slot antennas using Schottky varactor diodes for all‐electronic reconfigurable terahertz circuits
Authors: Jiang Z. , Rahman S. M. , Fay P. , Hesler J. L. , Liu L.
Published: November 2013

A tunable lens‐coupled annular‐slot antenna using a Schottky varactor diode has been designed, fabricated and characterised at 140 to 220 GHz. Simulation results show that the resonant frequency of the annular‐slot antenna can be effectively tuned by varying the capacitance of the imbedded varactor diode, with an average tunability of ∼2.5 GHz/fF. Prototype demonstration using a varactor with zero‐bias capacitance of 3.8 fF has shown a frequency tuning range from 197 to 202.7 GHz by varying the diode DC bias voltage from 1 to −5 V (corresponding to a diode capacitance change from 4.97 to 2.4 fF). The measured tunability is 2.22 GHz/fF, which agrees well with simulation. Projections indicate tuning ranges of ∼50 GHz in the G‐band should be possible using varactor diodes with ∼20 fF zero‐bias capacitance.
Power‐gating technique for network‐on‐chip buffers
Authors: Casu M.R. , Yadav M.K. , Zamboni M.
Published: November 2013

A new approach to reducing leakage power in network‐on‐chip buffers is presented. The non‐uniformity of buffer utilisation is leveraged across the network and power‐gating is applied to scarcely utilised buffers. Instead of turning‐off the buffers completely, a buffer portion is kept turned‐on. This design choice has a significant performance benefit because the buffer is always able to receive network packets. Design aspects and trade‐offs in a 45 nm CMOS technology are discussed and results obtained over video application benchmarks are presented. It is shown that it is possible to reduce buffer leakage by 40% without performance penalty.
Comparative modelling of differential through‐silicon vias up to 40 GHz
Authors: Lu Kuan‐Chung , Horng Tzyy‐Sheng
Published: November 2013

The three‐dimensional integrated circuit has attracted considerable attention because of the evolving functions of today's integrated circuit products and a continuing demand for reduced power consumption and miniature chip size. Through‐silicon vias (TSVs) provide a vertical interconnection between stacked dies; they are much shorter and have a denser connectivity than the hybrid horizontal and bondwire interconnects in conventional use. Differential interconnects are more commonly used in high‐speed digital circuits rather than single‐ended ones because of their higher immunity to common‐mode noise. Accordingly, presented is a scalable physical model for differential TSVs. Mixed‐mode S‐parameters were generated using the established model and the electrical performance of a GSSG‐type differential TSV was compared with that of a GSGSG‐type differential TSV. Furthermore, four‐port S‐parameters were measured up to 40 GHz to validate the modelled results.
Improved PRI‐staggered space–time adaptive processing algorithm based on projection approximation subspace tracking subspace technique
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Liu Yongxu , Sun Yuze , Long Teng
Published: November 2013

The pulse repetition interval (PRI)‐staggered space–time adaptive processing (STAP) method is difficult to be processed in real time because of the large sample support and the huge computational complexity. The subspace technique can solve the aforementioned problem by exploiting the low rank property of the covariance matrix. Therefore the conventional PRI‐staggered STAP method is improved based on the subspace technique in this study. The eigenvalue decomposition technique is firstly introduced into the PRI‐staggered STAP method, where only the dominant eigenvectors are applied to construct the clutter subspace so that the sample support requirement is reduced dramatically. However, it turns out to be impractical because of the inherent computational complexity. To deal with the complexity problem, projection approximation subspace tracking as a fast subspace tracking method is applied to modify the conventional PRI‐staggered STAP method. The clutter subspace can be approximated by using the concept of projection approximation and the recursive least squares processing, so that both the sample support and computational complexity can be reduced significantly. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by using the simulated data and the measured airborne radar data from the multichannel airborne radar measurements database.
Modelling ignition temperature and burning time of a single aluminium nanoparticle
Authors: Bidabadi Mehdi , Fereidooni Jalil
Published: November 2013

A mathematical model is developed for the burning of a single nanosized aluminium particle in air. First, based on thermal definition, the ignition temperature of single Al is obtained. For this purpose, the interpolation method is used for the conduction of heat loss rate in the transition regime; the chemical heat generation rate is described by a single term Arrhenius ignition model; the Gibbs‐Thomson equation for an isolated spherical solid particle is utilised for modelling the size dependent melting temperature of nanoparticles; and the size dependent activation energy is also obtained. The theoretical result shows that the ignition temperature is slightly higher than the melting temperature. With the assumption of constant particle size and the use of the ‘Taffanel and le Floch’ condition, the burning time of a single aluminium particle is achieved. According to the obtained results, as particle size decreases or pressure increases, the reaction rate increases.
Measurement quality and uncertainty evaluation in civil engineering research
Authors: Silva Ribeiro A. , Alves e Sousa J. , Oliveira Costa C. , Vieira de Sousa J.F. , Almeida Garrett J. , Lages Martins L.
Published: November 2013

Civil engineering is a branch of science that covers a broad range of areas where experimental procedures often plays an important role. The research in this field is usually supported by experimental structures able to test physical and mathematical models and to provide measurement results with acceptable accuracy. To assure measurement quality, a metrology probabilistic approach can provide valuable mathematical and computational tools especially suited to the study, evaluation and improvement of measurement processes in its different components (modeling, instrumentation performance, data processing, data validation and traceability), emphasizing measurement uncertainty evaluation as a tool to the analysis of results and to promote the quality and capacity associated with decision-making. This paper presents some of the research held by the metrology division of the Portuguese civil engineering research institutes, focused on the contribution of measurement uncertainty studies to a variety of frameworks, such as testing for metrological characterization and physical and mathematical modeling. Experimental data will be used to illustrate practical cases.