bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Velocity field level‐set method for topological shape optimization using freely distributed design variables
Authors: Wang Yaguang , Kang Zhan , Liu Pai
Published: August 2019

The velocity field level‐set topological shape optimization method combines the implicit representation in the standard level‐set method and the capabilities of general mathematical programming algorithms in handling multiple constraints and additional design variables. The key concept is to construct the normal velocity field using basis functions and the velocity design variables at specified points (referred to as velocity knots) in the entire design domain. In this study, the velocity design variables are decoupled from the level‐set grid points. Making use of this property, we can adaptively change the arrangement of the velocity knots as the structural boundary evolves. This provides more design freedom in the optimization and allows for a significant reduction in the number of design variables. Several numerical examples in two‐ and three‐dimensional design domains are presented to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method. We also show that changing the number of velocity knots may implicitly exert certain control on topological complexity and length scale.
Organizational change tactics in a homeless services agency
Authors: Packard Thomas
Published: August 2019

There is a vast literature on organizational change, but research on a key aspect of organizational change, the tactics used by change leaders, is limited. To address this gap, a questionnaire assessing the use of organizational change tactics has been used to allow an organization's staff to describe an organizational change initiative they had experienced. This study also included an interview with the agency's director of programs, an interview with two other staff, document analysis, and pre–post client outcome data. Findings showed the extent to which these tactics were observed and were seen as useful in achieving the change goal, offering guidance for change leaders considering organizational change tactics, and for researchers by advancing methods for studying organizational change. Results were also contrasted with those of an earlier study to identify common themes.
Compatibility between agendas for improving human development and wildlife conservation outside protected areas: Insights from 20 years of data
Authors: Ament Judith M. , Collen Ben , Carbone Chris , Mace Georgina M. , Freeman Robin
Published: August 2019

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development and make explicit commitments to all of life on Earth. Evidence of continuing global biodiversity loss has, at the same time, led to a succession of internationally agreed conservation targets.

With multiple targets (even within one policy realm, e.g. the CBD Aichi Targets for biodiversity), it is possible for different indicators to respond in the same direction, in opposite directions or to show no particular relationship. When considering the different sectors of the SDGs, there are many possible relationships among indicators that have been widely discussed, but rarely analysed in detail.

Here, we present a comparative cross‐national analysis exploring temporally integrated linkages between human development indicators and wildlife conservation trends.

The results suggest that in lower income countries there are negative relationships between measures of human population growth and bird and mammal population abundance trends outside protected areas.

The results also suggest a positive relationship between economic growth and wildlife population trends in lower income countries. We stress, however, the need for future research to further explore the relationships between economic growth and natural resource‐based imports.

Our results highlight a clear potential for compatibility of the conservation and development agendas and support the need for further integration among sustainable development strategies.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A novel polyphosphazene with nitroxide radical side groups as cathode‐active material in Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Yeşilot Serkan , Hacıvelioğlu Ferda , Küçükköylü Sedat , Demir Emrah , Çelik Kamile Burcu , Demir‐Cakan Rezan
Published: August 2019

A novel polyphosphazene carrying stable nitroxide aromatic radical groups as a pendant with four electrons involvement per repeating unit is synthesized. To do so, series of macromolecular substitution reactions of poly (dichlorophosphazene) with 3,5‐dibromophenol, 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane, and lead oxide, respectively, are performed. After characterization of the newly synthesized polymers by standard spectroscopic techniques (such as Fourier transform infrared [FT‐IR], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], or electron paramagnetic resonance [EPR]), the targeted polymer is further investigated as a cathode‐active material for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The cell delivered a good rate performance with a discharge capacity of 100 mAh/g at a C/2 current density over 500 cycles.
OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E‐cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines
Authors: Biwi James , Clarisse Charlotte , Biot Christophe , Kozak Radoslaw Pawel , Madunic Katarina , Mortuaire Marlène , Wuhrer Manfred , Spencer Daniel Ian Richard , Schulz Céline , Guerardel Yann , Lefebvre Tony , Vercoutter‐Edouart Anne‐Sophie
Published: August 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects both women and men living in societies with a high sedentary lifestyle. Amongst the phenotypic changes exhibited by tumor cells, a wide range of glycosylation has been reported for colon cancer‐derived cell lines and CRC tissues. These aberrant modifications affect different aspects of glycosylation, including an increase in core fucosylation and GlcNAc branching on N‐glycans, alteration of O‐glycans, upregulated sialylation, and O‐GlcNAcylation. Although O‐GlcNAcylation and complex glycosylations differ in many aspects, sparse evidences report on the interference of O‐GlcNAcylation with complex glycosylation. Nevertheless, this relationship is still a matter of debate. Combining different approaches on three human colon cell lines (HT29, HCT116 and CCD841CoN), it is herein reported that silencing O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the sole enzyme driving O‐GlcNAcylation), only slightly affects overall N‐ and O‐glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, silencing of OGT in HT29 cells upregulates E‐cadherin (a major actor of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition) and changes its glycosylation. On the other hand, OGT silencing perturbs biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids resulting in a decrease in gangliosides and an increase in globosides. Together, these results provide novel insights regarding the selective regulation of complex glycosylations by O‐GlcNAcylation in colon cancer cells.
Role of self‐assembly conditions and amphiphilic balance on nanoparticle formation of PEG‐PDLLA copolymers in aqueous environments
Authors: Phan Hien , Minut Robert I. , McCrorie Phoebe , Vasey Catherine , Larder Ryan R. , Krumins Eduards , Marlow Maria , Rahman Ruman , Alexander Cameron , Taresco Vincenzo , Pearce Amanda K.
Published: August 2019

The production of well‐defined and reproducible polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), in terms of size and stability in biological environments, is undoubtedly a fundamental challenge in the formulation of novel and more effective nanomedicines. The adoption of PEGylated lactide (LA) block copolymers as biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers at different clinical stages has rendered these materials an attractive polymeric platform to be exploited and their formulation is further understood. In the present work, we synthesized a library of linear polyethylene glycol‐poly(D,L‐lactide) block copolymers with different lengths of LA (15, 25, 50, and 100 LA units) via simple and metal‐free ring‐opening polymerization, in order to alter the amphiphilic balance of the different macromolecules. The produced polymers were formulated into NPs while varying a series of key parameters in the solvent displacement process, including solvent:nonsolvent ratios and the nature of the two media, and the effect on size and stability was assessed. In addition, stability to protein–NPs interaction and aggregation was studied, highlighting the different NP final properties according to the nature of the amphiphilic balance and nanoformulation conditions. Therefore, we have illustrated a systematic and methodological process to optimize a series of NPs parameters balancing particle size, size distribution, surface charge, and stability to guide future works in the nanoformulation field. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1801–1810
Microscopic Modeling of Correlated Systems Under Pressure: Representative Examples
Authors: Borisov Vladislav , Biswas Sananda , Li Ying , Valentí Roser
Published: August 2019

The complex interplay between different order parameters in correlated systems can be finely tuned by mechanical pressure giving access to a variety of distinct phases and thereby providing new functionalities. This review addresses the challenges in the state‐of‐the‐art theoretical simulations of pressure‐induced phenomena on a few representative examples of correlated systems that are currently in the focus of on‐going contemporary research. These include organic charge‐transfer multiferroics, unconventional iron‐based superconductors, frustrated quantum magnets, and candidate systems for Kitaev physics. All these systems show pronounced structural response to moderate pressures or even structural transitions to new phases which can be successfully addressed from first principles. The simulation techniques and general trends in pressure effects are discussed for each material class.
Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2SnX6: Facile Solution Synthesis and Excellent Stability
Authors: Han Xiao , Liang Jia , Yang Ji‐Hui , Soni Khushboo , Fang Qiyi , Wang Weipeng , Zhang Jing , Jia Shuai , Martí Angel A. , Zhao Yan , Lou Jun
Published: August 2019

Long‐term instability and possible lead contamination are the two main issues limiting the widespread application of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites. Here a facile and efficient solution‐phase method is demonstrated to synthesize lead‐free Cs2SnX6 (X = Br, I) with a well‐defined crystal structure, long‐term stability, and high yield. Based on the systematic experimental data and first‐principle simulation results, Cs2SnX6 displays excellent stability against moisture, light, and high temperature, which can be ascribed to the unique vacancy‐ordered defect‐variant structure, stable chemical compositions with Sn4+, as well as the lower formation enthalpy for Cs2SnX6. Additionally, photodetectors based on Cs2SnI6 are also fabricated, which show excellent performance and stability. This study provides very useful insights into the development of lead‐free double perovskites with high stability.
Labelling and quality of antimicrobial products used in chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Phuong , Phu Doan Hoang , Van Cuong Nguyen , Kiet Bach Tuan , Hien Be Vo , Padungtod Pawin , Truong Dinh Bao , Thwaites Guy E. , Carrique‐Mas Juan J.
Published: August 2019

Background

The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is a hotspot of antimicrobial use (AMU), but there is no information on the quality of the labelling and strength of antimicrobial products used in poultry production.

Methods

Based on a large random sample of farms, we identified the 20 most used antimicrobial products in the area, and investigated their antimicrobial active ingredient (AAI) content by UPLC‐MS/MS (91 analytical tests).

Results

Only 17/59 (28.8%) batches contained all AAIs within 10% of the declared strength. Worryingly, 65.0% products provided in their label preparation guidelines for both therapeutic and prophylactic use. Withdrawal times for both meat and eggs were stated in 8/20 (40%) products.

Conclusion

Results highlight deficiencies in quality and labelling contents that undermine authorities’ efforts to discourage inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
Dogs with osteosarcoma have altered pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine profiles
Authors: Axiak‐Bechtel Sandra M. , Mathew Leanne M. , Amorim Juliana R. , DeClue Amy E.
Published: August 2019

Background

Current advances in immunotherapy are an exciting area of study in canine osteosarcoma (OSA). The objective of this study was to determine the immune response in dogs with osteosarcoma by measuring stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10 and TNF and IL‐6 to IL‐10 ratios.

Methods

Whole blood was collected from dogs with osteosarcoma receiving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, n = 11), dogs with osteosarcoma not receiving NSAIDs (n = 14) and healthy dogs (n = 5).

Results

No difference in TNF production was found among healthy and OSA dogs regardless of NSAID administration following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p = .410), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (p = .693) or PBS (p = .120). Leukocyte IL‐6 production was greater in all dogs with OSA after stimulation with LPS (p = .015), LTA (p = .014) and PBS (p = .034) with no difference between OSA dogs receiving NSAIDs and those not. No differences in IL‐10 were found among healthy controls and dogs with OSA regardless of NSAID use. There was no difference among groups for LPS‐stimulated TNF to IL‐10 ratios (p = .407). For LTA‐stimulated leukocytes, the TNF to IL‐10 ratio was lower in dogs with OSA than in healthy dogs (p = .031) with no difference between OSA NSAID dogs compared to OSA non‐NSAID dogs (p = .059). No differences were found in LPS (p = .310)‐ or LTA (p = .265)‐stimulated leukocyte IL‐6 to IL‐10 production ratios among groups.

Conclusions

Dogs with osteosarcoma have an altered pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immunologic profile compared to healthy dogs regardless of NSAID use. Further study is indicated to determine the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these findings.
Making machine learning a useful tool in the accelerated discovery of transition metal complexes
Authors: Kulik Heather J.
Published: August 2019

As machine learning (ML) has matured, it has opened a new frontier in theoretical and computational chemistry by offering the promise of simultaneous paradigm shifts in accuracy and efficiency. Nowhere is this advance more needed, but also more challenging to achieve, than in the discovery of open‐shell transition metal complexes. Here, localizeddorfelectrons exhibit variable bonding that is challenging to capture even with the most computationally demanding methods. Thus, despite great promise, clear obstacles remain in constructing ML models that can supplement or even replace explicit electronic structure calculations. In this article, I outline the recent advances in building ML models in transition metal chemistry, including the ability to approach sub‐kcal/mol accuracy on a range of properties with tailored representations, to discover and enumerate complexes in large chemical spaces, and to reveal opportunities for design through analysis of feature importance. I discuss unique considerations that have been essential to enabling ML in open‐shell transition metal chemistry, including (a) the relationship of data set size/diversity, model complexity, and representation choice, (b) the importance of quantitative assessments of both theory and model domain of applicability, and (c) the need to enable autonomous generation of reliable, large data sets both for ML model training and in active learning or discovery contexts. Finally, I summarize the next steps toward making ML a mainstream tool in the accelerated discovery of transition metal complexes.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory

Software > Molecular Modeling

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Optimal decay ratio of damped slowly rotating Timoshenko beams
Authors: Woźniak J. , Firkowski M.
Published: August 2019

A stability analysis was performed in the problem of a rotating Timoshenko beam whose movement is controlled by the angular acceleration of the driving motor into which the beam is rigidly clamped. We introduce a damping operator with respect to a rotation angle of a cross section area of rotating Timoshenko beam model, and show the asymptotic stability of the system under certain assumptions. We find the optimal damping coefficient, maximizing the stability margin of the system.
Classifying 5d SCFTs via 6d SCFTs: rank one
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Jefferson Patrick
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Following a recent proposal, we delineate a general procedure to classify 5d SCFTs via compactifications of 6d SCFTs on a circle (possibly with a twist by a discrete global symmetry). The path from 6d SCFTs to 5d SCFTs can be divided into two steps. The first step involves computing the Coulomb branch data of the 5d KK theory obtained by compactifying a 6d SCFT on a circle of finite radius. The second step involves computing the limit of the KK theory when the inverse radius along with some other mass parameters is sent to infinity. Under this RG flow, the KK theory reduces to a 5d SCFT. We illustrate these ideas in the case of untwisted compactifications of rank one 6d SCFTs that can be constructed in F-theory without frozen singularities. The data of the corresponding KK theory can be packaged in the geometry of a Calabi-Yau threefold that we explicitly compute for every case. The RG flows correspond to flopping a collection of curves in the threefold and we formulate a concrete set of criteria which can be used to determine which collection of curves can induce the relevant RG flows, and, in principle, to determine the Calabi-Yau geometries describing the endpoints of these flows. We also comment on how to generalize our results to arbitrary rank.
Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Training Course on Thiel‐Embalmed Human Cadavers: Program Evaluation, Trainer's Long‐Term Feedback and Steps Forward
Authors: Rashidian Nikdokht , Willaert Wouter , Giglio Mariano Cesare , Scuderi Vincenzo , Tozzi Francesca , Vanlander Aude , D'Herde Katharina , Alseidi Adnan , Troisi Roberto I.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feedback of participants upon laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS) course on Thiel‐embalmed human bodies.

Methods

From 2010 to 2017, ten LLS masterclasses have been organized by the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at Ghent University Hospital. A 23‐question anonymous survey was electronically sent to 119 participants between November 2017 and January 2018, exploring their characteristics and asking for evaluation of the course. The obstacles for implementing LLS in their centers have been assessed.

Results

Sixty‐four surgeons (53.8%) responded to the survey; 42 (65.6%) were employed at a university hospital; and 39 (60.9%) were in the first decade of their practice as a consultant surgeon. Forty‐three (67.2%) surgeons reported an increased percentage of LLS cases afterward. Training on Thiel cadavers was considered superior (49.2%) to other training options including proctoring in the operating room (34.9%), virtual reality (6.3%), video training (4.8%) and practicing on pigs (4.8%). Obstacles identified contained inadequate training, patient's referral pattern, financial issues, lack of dedicated surgical team and time constrains.

Conclusions

This survey revealed that a structured short‐time program incorporating interactive discussion, live operations and hands‐on training on human bodies under proctorship may enhance efficient training in laparoscopic liver surgery. In a step forward for upcoming courses, the importance of team building has to be addressed.
Infinite orbit depth and length of Melnikov functions
Authors: Mardešić Pavao , Novikov Dmitry , Ortiz-Bobadilla Laura , Pontigo-Herrera Jessie
Published: August 2019

In this paper we study polynomial Hamiltonian systems

dF = 0

in the plane and their small perturbations:

dF + \epsilon \omega = 0

. The first nonzero Melnikov function

M_{\mu } = M_{\mu }(F,\gamma ,\omega )

of the Poincaré map along a loop
γ
of

dF = 0

is given by an iterated integral [3]. In [7], we bounded the length of the iterated integral

M_{\mu }

by a geometric number

k = k(F,\gamma )

which we call
orbit depth
. We conjectured that the bound is optimal.

Here, we give a simple example of a Hamiltonian system
F
and its orbit
γ
having infinite orbit depth. If our conjecture is true, for this example there should exist deformations

dF + \epsilon \omega

with arbitrary high length first nonzero Melnikov function

M_{\mu }

along
γ
. We construct deformations

dF + \epsilon \omega = 0

whose first nonzero Melnikov function

M_{\mu }

is of length three and explain the difficulties in constructing deformations having high length first nonzero Melnikov functions

M_{\mu }

.
Disease severity and minimal clinically important differences in clinical outcome assessments for Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Andrews J. Scott , Desai Urvi , Kirson Noam Y. , Zichlin Miriam L. , Ball Daniel E. , Matthews Brandy R.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

This study estimated the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes, and Functional Activities Questionnaire across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (9/2005‐9/2016) and MCID for clinical outcomes were estimated using anchor‐based (clinician's assessment of meaningful decline) and distribution‐based (1/2 baseline standard deviation) approaches, stratified by severity of cognitive impairment.

Results

On average, a 1‐3 point decrease in Mini Mental State Examination, 1‐2 point increase in Clinical Dementia Scale sum of boxes, and 3‐5 point increase in Functional Activities Questionnaire were indicative of a meaningful decline. The MCID values generally increased by disease severity; the effect size and standardized response mean for those with meaningful decline were consistently in the acceptable ranges for MCID.

Discussion

These findings can inform design and interpretation of future clinical trials.
SINGULARITY OF RANDOM SYMMETRIC MATRICES—A COMBINATORIAL APPROACH TO IMPROVED BOUNDS
Authors: FERBER ASAF , JAIN VISHESH
Published: August 2019

Let
$M_{n}$
denote a random symmetric
$n\times n$
matrix whose upper-diagonal entries are independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variables (which take values
$1$
and
$-1$
with probability
$1/2$
each). It is widely conjectured that
$M_{n}$
is singular with probability at most
$(2+o(1))^{-n}$
. On the other hand, the best known upper bound on the singularity probability of
$M_{n}$
, due to Vershynin (2011), is
$2^{-n^{c}}$
, for some unspecified small constant
$c>0$
. This improves on a polynomial singularity bound due to Costello, Tao, and Vu (2005), and a bound of Nguyen (2011) showing that the singularity probability decays faster than any polynomial. In this paper, improving on all previous results, we show that the probability of singularity of
$M_{n}$
is at most
$2^{-n^{1/4}\sqrt{\log n}/1000}$
for all sufficiently large
$n$
. The proof utilizes and extends a novel combinatorial approach to discrete random matrix theory, which has been recently introduced by the authors together with Luh and Samotij.
Maps, meanings and loanwords: The interaction of geography and semantics in lexical borrowing
Authors: Franco Karlien , Geeraerts Dirk , Speelman Dirk , van Hout Roeland
Published: August 2019

The use of loanwords is generally attributed to a social feature, like social prestige, and to semantic features, like the need to fill a lexical gap. However, few studies take into account variation in the use of loanwords within a speech community, and directly compare the frequency of loanwords from more than one source language. This paper contributes to research on lexical borrowing by comparing the distribution of loanwords from three different source languages in two large databases of dialect data. We take an onomasiological perspective, which allows us to gauge the frequency of borrowed lexical items vis-à-vis alternative expressions. Using Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling, we show that the usage of loanwords can only be explained by taking into account the interaction between semantics and geographical diffusion. Our analysis confirms that the patterns that occur almost exclusively reflect changes in socio-cultural history.
THE SEMIOTICS OF THE SOUL IN ANCIENT MEDICAL DREAM INTERPRETATION: PERCEPTION AND THE POETICS OF DREAM PRODUCTION IN HIPPOCRATES’ ON REGIMEN
Authors: Haselswerdt Ella
Published: August 2019

In the medical practice of Asclepian dream incubation, dreams offered a conduit through which the divine power of the healing god could be visited upon an ailing suppliant. This practice was enough of a part of everyday life in fifth-century Athens that it achieved the dubious honor of an extended parody in Aristophanes’ Plutus. An extensive inscriptional record suggests that it continued to flourish for many centuries. But there was another type of dream employed in ancient Greek and Roman medical practice, with a much scanter trail of evidence. These dreams had endogenous, physiological origins and provided information about the internal disposition of the body not by divine intervention, but by some manner of inward perception on the part of the patient. With the rising interest in observational methodology in the fith century, opsis, and ideally autopsy, became the basis on which scientific knowledge was produced and elaborated. Taboos against physically opening the human body, in life as well as in death, prevented physicians from directly observing their patients’ interiors. The visions of dreams, then, could potentially provide doctors with a uniquely valuable diagnostic tool: genuine access to the observation of a body's internal condition, albeit in a strange, mediated form.
Do Fairer Elections Increase the Responsiveness of Politicians?
Authors: OFOSU GEORGE KWAKU
Published: August 2019

Leveraging novel experimental designs and 2,160 months of Constituency Development Fund (CDF) spending by legislators in Ghana, I examine whether and how fairer elections promote democratic responsiveness. The results show that incumbents elected from constituencies that were randomly assigned to intensive election-day monitoring during Ghana’s 2012 election spent 19 percentage points more of their CDFs during their terms in office compared with those elected from constituencies with fewer monitors. Legislators from all types of constituencies are equally present in parliament, suggesting that high levels of monitoring do not cause politicians to substitute constituency service for parliamentary work. Tests of causal mechanisms provide suggestive evidence that fairer elections motivate high performance through incumbents’ expectations of electoral sanction and not the selection of better candidates. The article provides causal evidence of the impact of election integrity on democratic accountability.
Alfred Dampier's ‘Shakespearean Fridays’
Authors: FOTHERINGHAM RICHARD
Published: August 2019

Throughout the British Empire, visiting and immigrating professional actors ‘from the old country’ realized and reinforced for settler cultures a dominant imperial identity. In Australia, Alfred Dampier (1843–1908) and his company exploited the opportunities that this cultural milieu offered by staging austere, ‘reverential’, well-elocuted Shakespearean productions which raised their artistic status and asserted their respectability while enabling Dampier to offer as well, without censorship or public condemnation, dramatizations of sensational and controversial bushranger and convict narratives.
Integrating conservation and socioeconomic development: the potential of community nurseries in Mexican protected areas
Authors: Luna-Nieves Adriana L , García-Frapolli Eduardo , Bonfil Consuelo , Meave Jorge A , Ibarra-Manríquez Guillermo
Published: August 2019

Community nurseries within natural protected areas (NPAs) represent an attractive option to link biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic development, yet their functioning lacks proper assessment. Here, we analyse the national context of community nurseries in Mexican NPAs and suggest a specific framework to evaluate their viability. First, we examine the impact of a major governmental funding programme on these projects. Next, we conduct a case study in a focal nursery to identify challenges faced by its operation. Despite the large number of community nurseries funded by the programme, current performance indicators are not suitable to assess their viability. In turn, the case study reveals this nursery’s partial success, with a clear contribution to social development but a limited impact on economic improvement and vegetation conservation. Regardless of the characteristics of individual community nurseries, we suggest a framework that is potentially useful for evaluating community nursery viability, which enables agencies to detect problems, find solutions and use resources efficiently, while balancing biodiversity conservation and development.
Dysregulated Irritability as a Window on Young Children's Psychiatric Risk: Transdiagnostic Effects via the Family Check-Up
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Wakschlag Lauren , Krogh-Jespersen Sheila , Walkup John T. , Wilson Melvin N. , Dishion Thomas J. , Shaw Daniel S.
Published: August 2019

Building on prior work using Tom Dishion's Family Check-Up, the current article examined intervention effects on dysregulated irritability in early childhood. Dysregulated irritability, defined as reactive and intense response to frustration, and prolonged angry mood, is an ideal marker of neurodevelopmental vulnerability to later psychopathology because it is a transdiagnostic indicator of decrements in self-regulation that are measurable in the first years of life that have lifelong implications for health and disease. This study is perhaps the first randomized trial to examine the direct effects of an evidence- and family-based intervention, the Family Check-Up (FCU), on irritability in early childhood and the effects of reductions in irritability on later risk of child internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Data from the geographically and sociodemographically diverse multisite Early Steps randomized prevention trial were used. Path modeling revealed intervention effects on irritability at age 4, which predicted lower externalizing and internalizing symptoms at age 10.5. Results indicate that family-based programs initiated in early childhood can reduce early childhood irritability and later risk for psychopathology. This holds promise for earlier identification and prevention approaches that target transdiagnostic pathways. Implications for future basic and prevention research are discussed.
HIGHER -THEORY OF FORMS I. FROM RINGS TO EXACT CATEGORIES
Authors: Schlichting Marco
Published: August 2019

We prove the analog for the $K$-theory of forms of the $Q=+$ theorem in algebraic $K$-theory. That is, we show that the $K$-theory of forms defined in terms of an $S_{\bullet }$-construction is a group completion of the category of quadratic spaces for form categories in which all admissible exact sequences split. This applies for instance to quadratic and hermitian forms defined with respect to a form parameter.
Commemoration and the New Frontiers of War in Ukraine
Authors: Wanner Catherine
Published: August 2019

The war in eastern Ukraine continues to produce casualties and an ever growing number of refugees and displaced persons every day. When urban public space is dedicated to commemorating the dead who have died since the Maidan protests, the frontiers of war become inscribed in the urban landscape and in the everyday life of many Ukrainians. These commemorative spaces are an unrelenting reminder of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine that threatens to remake political borders once again. Commemorative practices articulate new understandings of relatedness as symbolic statements that, once inscribed in public space, have the potential to affect the thinking of locals and far outlive the actual armed conflict that produced them.
Would You Flee, or Would You Fight? Tracing the Tensions at the Latvian-Russian Border
Authors: Ozoliņa Liene
Published: August 2019

“In case of Russian invasion, would you be ready to pick up arms and fight or would you flee the country?” This morally charged question has recently been pre-occupying the Latvian collective imagination. The Latvian Ministry of Defense has conducted several nation-wide surveys to monitor the public's response to it. Focusing on two controversies that recently erupted in the Latvian public sphere, this essay maps the growing militarization in Latvia and the tensions in the symbolic space between the state and the citizen that it brings to the surface. I argue that the recent militarization brings into sharp relief the socio-economic and political tensions created by several decades of postsocialist neoliberal restructuring. To the extent that we can observe here contemporary reconfigurations of the state and political subjectivity, I propose considering the Baltics as not only geopolitical but also analytical borderlands.
Meta-Analytic Investigations of the HEXACO Personality Inventory(-Revised)
Authors: Moshagen Morten , Thielmann Isabel , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Zettler Ingo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The six dimensions of the HEXACO model of personality are most commonly measured via the HEXACO Personality Inventory(-Revised) (HEXACO-PI(-R)), which comes in three versions (60, 100, and 200 items) and is available as a self- and observer report form in several languages. The present study meta-analytically investigates the psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI(-R), relying on empirical data from 549 independent samples providing information about 316,133 individuals. In particular, we performed reliability generalization meta‐analyses to examine internal consistency, determined self–observer agreement, investigated structural properties in terms of the intercorrelations between the HEXACO dimensions, and established relations between the dimensions and demographic variables. Results show that all HEXACO-PI(-R) versions exhibit fairly high reliabilities and a high degree of self–observer agreement. With the exception of a moderate correlation between Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness, the HEXACO dimensions are only weakly correlated overall. Finally, notable gender differences (with women scoring higher) occurred on Emotionality and Honesty-Humility.
The Nature and Nurture of HEXACO Personality Trait Differences
Authors: Kandler Christian , Richter Julia , Zapko-Willmes Alexandra
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This study was designed to provide detailed estimates of genetic and environmental sources of variance in the HEXACO personality traits. For this purpose, we analyzed data from a German extended twin family study including 573 pairs of twins as well as 208 mothers, 119 fathers, 228 spouses, and 143 offspring of twins. All participants provided self-reports on the HEXACO-60. Extended twin family analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) yielded that additive and nonadditive genetic influences accounted for about 50% of the variance in personality traits. The remaining variance was primarily due to individual-specific environmental sources and random measurement error. Spousal similarity in Openness was attributable to assortative mating, whereas spousal similarity in Honesty-Humility was attributable to environmental circumstances, partly due to a shared social background and spouse-specific effects. Our analyses yielded specifics for different personality traits. However, transmission of trait similarity from one generation to the next was primarily genetic.
Prolonged Movement on a > 10‐km‐Wide Thrust During Early Paleozoic Orogens in the Gondwana Margin of NW Argentina
Authors: Semenov Ivan , F. Weinberg Roberto , Taylor Richard J. M. , Jourdan Fred
Published: August 2019

The >10‐km thick Paleozoic Guacha Corral shear zone in Central Argentina is arguably one of the thickest thrust zones anywhere. It played a key role during the two early Paleozoic orogenies of western Gondwana and currently separates two terranes: one dominated by events related to the >510‐Ma Pampean Orogeny and the other by the <500‐Ma events of the Famatinian Orogeny. The combination of structures and geochronometry suggests that the shear zone was active for over 100 Ma. Thrusting started during migmatization at 520 Ma as recorded by U‐Pb ages in zircon and monazite and was demonstrably active also at 480 and 470 Ma. The age coincidence between Ar plateau ages of muscovite and biotite at 420 Ma in the upper part of the shear zone, and at 405 Ma in the lower part suggests two intense cooling pulses. These are ascribed to thrusting, rapid exhumation, and cooling. Its anomalous width is likely a result of this prolonged kinematic history related to its role in transferring shortening to the Pampean forearc possibly as a basal detachment and later by acting as the main boundary between the Pampean and Famatinian tectonometamorphic terranes. The two low‐temperature shearing events inferred from the Ar ages suggest that deformation continued during the period between the end of the Famatinian cycle at ~440 Ma and the start of the Chanic or Achalian Orogeny and its magmatism after 400 Ma.
Resolving Sahelian thunderstorms improves mid-latitude weather forecasts
Authors: Pante Gregor , Knippertz Peter
Published: August 2019

The summertime West African Sahel has the worldwide highest degree of thunderstorm organisation into long-lived, several hundred-kilometre elongated, fast propagating systems that contribute 90% to the annual rainfall. All current global weather prediction and climate models represent thunderstorms using simplified parameterisation schemes which deteriorates the modelled distribution of rainfall from individual storms and the entire West African monsoon circulation. It is unclear how this misrepresentation of Sahelian convection affects forecasts globally. Our study is the first to demonstrate how a computationally feasible increase of model resolution over West Africa – allowing to avoid convection parameterisation – yields a better representation of organised convection in the Sahel and of moisture within the monsoon system, ultimately improving 5–8-day tropical and mid-latitude weather forecasts. We advocate an operational use of a modelling strategy similar to the one presented here for a cost-effective improvement of global weather prediction and potentially even (sub-)seasonal and climate simulations.
A murine neonatal model of necrotizing enterocolitis caused by anemia and red blood cell transfusions
Authors: MohanKumar Krishnan , Namachivayam Kopperuncholan , Song Tanjing , Jake Cha Byeong , Slate Andrea , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Pan Hua , Wickline Samuel A. , Oh Joo-Yeun , Patel Rakesh P. , He Ling , Torres Benjamin A. , Maheshwari Akhil
Published: August 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an idiopathic, inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. Clinical studies have linked NEC with antecedent red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report a neonatal murine model to investigate this association. C57BL/6 mouse pups rendered anemic by timed phlebotomy and then given RBC transfusions develop NEC-like intestinal injury with prominent necrosis, inflammation, and submucosal edema/separation of the lamina propria in the ileocecal region and colon within 12–24 h. The anemic intestine is infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages, which are activated in situ by RBC transfusions via a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated mechanism and cause bowel injury. Chelation of RBC degradation products with haptoglobin, absence of TLR4, macrophage depletion, and inhibition of macrophage activation is protective. Intestinal injury worsens with increasing severity and the duration of anemia prior to transfusion, indicating a need for the re-evaluation of current transfusion guidelines for premature infants.
Long-term tolerance of islet allografts in nonhuman primates induced by apoptotic donor leukocytes
Authors: Singh Amar , Ramachandran Sabarinathan , Graham Melanie L. , Daneshmandi Saeed , Heller David , Suarez-Pinzon Wilma Lucia , Balamurugan Appakalai N. , Ansite Jeffrey D. , Wilhelm Joshua J. , Yang Amy , Zhang Ying , Palani Nagendra P. , Abrahante Juan E. , Burlak Christopher , Miller Stephen D. , Luo Xunrong , Hering Bernhard J.
Published: August 2019

Immune tolerance to allografts has been pursued for decades as an important goal in transplantation. Administration of apoptotic donor splenocytes effectively induces antigen-specific tolerance to allografts in murine studies. Here we show that two peritransplant infusions of apoptotic donor leukocytes under short-term immunotherapy with antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody 2C10R4, rapamycin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor and anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody induce long-term (≥1 year) tolerance to islet allografts in 5 of 5 nonsensitized, MHC class I-disparate, and one MHC class II DRB allele-matched rhesus macaques. Tolerance in our preclinical model is associated with a regulatory network, involving antigen-specific Tr1 cells exhibiting a distinct transcriptome and indirect specificity for matched MHC class II and mismatched class I peptides. Apoptotic donor leukocyte infusions warrant continued investigation as a cellular, nonchimeric and translatable method for inducing antigen-specific tolerance in transplantation.
A human memory circuit derived from brain lesions causing amnesia
Authors: Ferguson Michael A. , Lim Chun , Cooke Danielle , Darby R. Ryan , Wu Ona , Rost Natalia S. , Corbetta Maurizio , Grafman Jordan , Fox Michael D.
Published: August 2019

Human memory is thought to depend on a circuit of connected brain regions, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. We derive a human memory circuit using 53 case reports of strokes causing amnesia and a map of the human connectome (n = 1000). This circuit is reproducible across discovery (n = 27) and replication (n = 26) cohorts and specific to lesions causing amnesia. Its hub is at the junction of the presubiculum and retrosplenial cortex. Connectivity with this single location defines a human brain circuit that incorporates > 95% of lesions causing amnesia. Lesion intersection with this circuit predicts memory scores in two independent datasets (N1 = 97, N2 = 176). This network aligns with neuroimaging correlates of episodic memory, abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease, and brain stimulation sites reported to enhance memory in humans.
TeraVR empowers precise reconstruction of complete 3-D neuronal morphology in the whole brain
Authors: Wang Yimin , Li Qi , Liu Lijuan , Zhou Zhi , Ruan Zongcai , Kong Lingsheng , Li Yaoyao , Wang Yun , Zhong Ning , Chai Renjie , Luo Xiangfeng , Guo Yike , Hawrylycz Michael , Luo Qingming , Gu Zhongze , Xie Wei , Zeng Hongkui , Peng Hanchuan
Published: August 2019

Neuron morphology is recognized as a key determinant of cell type, yet the quantitative profiling of a mammalian neuron’s complete three-dimensional (3-D) morphology remains arduous when the neuron has complex arborization and long projection. Whole-brain reconstruction of neuron morphology is even more challenging as it involves processing tens of teravoxels of imaging data. Validating such reconstructions is extremely laborious. We develop TeraVR, an open-source virtual reality annotation system, to address these challenges. TeraVR integrates immersive and collaborative 3-D visualization, interaction, and hierarchical streaming of teravoxel-scale images. Using TeraVR, we have produced precise 3-D full morphology of long-projecting neurons in whole mouse brains and developed a collaborative workflow for highly accurate neuronal reconstruction.
Dirac plasmon-assisted asymmetric hot carrier generation for room-temperature infrared detection
Authors: Safaei Alireza , Chandra Sayan , Shabbir Muhammad Waqas , Leuenberger Michael N. , Chanda Debashis
Published: August 2019

Due to the low photon energy, detection of infrared photons is challenging at room temperature. Thermoelectric effect offers an alternative mechanism bypassing material bandgap restriction. In this article, we demonstrate an asymmetric plasmon-induced hot-carrier Seebeck photodetection scheme at room temperature that exhibits a remarkable responsivity of 2900 VW−1, detectivity of 1.1 × 109 Jones along with a fast response of ~100 ns in the technologically relevant 8–12 µm band. This is achieved by engineering the asymmetric electronic environment of the generated hot carriers on chemical vapor deposition grown large area nanopatterned monolayer graphene, which leads to a temperature gradient of 4.7 K across the device terminals for an incident power of 155 nW, thereby enhancing the photo-thermoelectric voltage by manifold compared to previous reports. The results presented outline a strategy for uncooled, tunable, and multispectral infrared detection.
Regulation of Notch output dynamics via specific E(spl)-HLH factors during bristle patterning in Drosophila
Authors: Couturier Lydie , Mazouni Khalil , Corson Francis , Schweisguth François
Published: August 2019

The stereotyped arrangement of sensory bristles on the adult fly thorax arises from a self-organized process, in which inhibitory Notch signaling both delimits proneural stripes and singles out sensory organ precursor cells (SOPs). A dynamic balance between proneural factors and Enhancer of split-HLH (E(spl)-HLH) Notch targets underlies patterning, but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, were identify two classes of E(spl)-HLH factors, whose expression both precedes and delimits proneural activity, and is dependent on proneural activity and required for proper SOP spacing within the stripes, respectively. These two classes are partially redundant, since a member of the second class, that is normally cross-repressed by members of the first class, can functionally compensate for their absence. The regulation of specific E(spl)-HLH genes by proneural factors amplifies the response to Notch as SOPs are being selected, contributing to patterning dynamics in the notum, and likely operates in other developmental contexts.
Publisher Correction: DNA double-strand breaks in telophase lead to coalescence between segregated sister chromatid loci
Authors: Ayra-Plasencia Jessel , Machín Félix
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper