bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cause‐related marketing in pandemic context—The effects of cause‐brand fit and cause‐brand alliance on customer‐based legitimacy and reputation
Authors: Castellano Sylvaine , Khelladi Insaf , Sorio Rossella , Rezaee Vessal Saeedeh , Partouche‐Sebban Judith , Orhan Mehmet A.
Published: April 2023

Even though the COVID‐19 pandemic has represented an intense period of stress and anxiety for individuals, it has also been an opportunity for firms to engage in cause‐related marketing initiatives as a means of providing support and helping them cope with this global pandemic. This study analyzes the influence of cause–brand fit and cause–brand alliance on customer‐based legitimacy and reputation. This study also examines the mediating and moderating roles of trust and betrayal, respectively. Data were collected from 455 participants during the first wave of the pandemic, especially during the first lockdown. The results contribute to unveiling the economic and societal outcomes of cause‐related marketing. The findings also enrich the antecedents of the legitimacy and reputation conferred by customers.
Maintenence rituximab following induction in autoimmune cytopenias
Authors: Rai Manoj P. , Lee Eun‐Ju , Bussel James B.
Published: April 2023

About 50% of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients respond to rituximab induction, but most relapse. The effectiveness of rituximab maintenance remains untested. This study included autoimmune cytopenia patients who had previously responded to rituximab induction but subsequently relapsed. After re‐induction, patients received rituximab maintenance regimen consisting of a single 375 mg/m2 dose administered at 4 month intervals, with a maximum of 6 doses. Primary endpoints were duration of response and safety. Sixteen patients: ITP (9), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (2), and Evans syndrome (5) received rituximab maintenance. 15/16 achieved complete response (CR); 8/15 CR + 1 partial reponse remain in remission. Median response: 43 months; estimated 5‐year relapse‐free >50%. Three developed hypogammaglobulinemia. Rituximab maintenance led to prolonged remissions in patients with autoimmune cytopenias who had previously responded to rituximab induction.
Efficacy of RestoreX after prostatectomy: open‐label phase of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zganjar Andrew , Toussi Amir , Ziegelmann Matthew , Frank Igor , Boorjian Stephen A. , Tollefson Matthew , Köhler Tobias , Trost Landon
Published: April 2023

Objective

To report open‐label phase data from a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), after previous data from that study showed improved penile length and erectile function among post‐prostatectomy men treated with Restorex penile traction therapy (RxPTT).

Materials and Methods

An RCT (NCT05244486) was performed to evaluate RxPTT vs no treatment (Tx) for 5 months, which was followed by a 3‐month open‐label phase. Men were stratified based on as‐treated data: Group 1 = No Tx; Group 2 = No Tx → Tx; Group 3 = Tx → No Tx; Group 4 = Tx. Assessments included stretched penile length and standardized (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]) and non‐standardized questionnaires.

Results

A total of 82 men were enrolled (mean age 58.6 years) with 9‐month data available in 45 of the men. Baseline characteristics were similar among the cohorts. Comparing Group 1 and Group 4 (respectively), notable differences included: IIEF Erectile Function domain (IIEF‐EF) score (−8 vs −0.5; P = 0.16), penile length (−0.1 vs +1.7 cm; P < 0.01), intracavernosal injection use (86% vs 14%; P < 0.01), Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 2 (50% vs 100%; P < 0.01), SEP Question 3 (33% vs 100%; P < 0.01). Men who crossed over to Tx (Group 2) failed to achieve equivalent improvements in length (+0.5 cm) or sexual function (IIEF‐EF score −6) compared to men treated early (Groups 3 and 4). Those who crossed over to no treatment after initial treatment (Group 3) experienced preserved length (+1.8 cm), and erectile function (IIEF‐EF score +0) despite therapy discontinuation.

Conclusions

Use of RxPTT beginning 1 month post‐prostatectomy results in improved penile length and erectile function, with benefits maintained after discontinuing therapy. If confirmed, these results represent the first postoperative therapy shown in a RCT to improve erectile function post‐prostatectomy. External validation is warranted.
RAMP and MRAP accessory proteins have selective effects on expression and signalling of the CB1, CB2, GPR18 and GPR55 cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Glenn Nathaniel A. K. , Finlay David B. , Carruthers Emma R. , Mountjoy Kathleen G. , Walker Christopher S. , Grimsey Natasha L.
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose

Receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMPs) and melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) modulate expression and signalling of calcitonin and melanocortin GPCRs. Interactions with other GPCRs have also been reported. The cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and two putative cannabinoid receptors, GPR18 and GPR55, exhibit substantial intracellular expression and there are discrepancies in ligand responsiveness between studies. We investigated whether interactions with RAMPs or MRAPs could explain these phenomena.

Experimental Approach

Receptors and accessory proteins were co‐expressed in HEK‐293 cells. Selected receptors were studied at basal expression levels and also with enhanced expression produced by incorporation of a preprolactin signal sequence/peptide (pplss). Cell surface and total expression of receptors and accessory proteins were quantified using immunocytochemistry. Signalling was measured using cAMP (CAMYEL) and G protein dissociation (TRUPATH Gα13) biosensors.

Key Results

MRAP2 enhanced surface and total expression of GPR18. Pplss‐GPR18 increased detection of cell surface MRAP2. MRAP1α and MRAP2 reduced GPR55 surface and total expression, correlating with reduced constitutive, but not agonist‐induced, signalling. GPR55, pplss‐CB1 and CB2 reduced detection of MRAP1α at the cell surface. Pplss‐CB1 agonist potency was reduced by MRAP2 in Gα13 but not cAMP assays, consistent with MRAP2 reducing pplss‐CB1 expression. Some cannabinoid receptors increased RAMP2 or RAMP3 total expression without influencing surface expression.

Conclusions and Implications

Mutual influences on expression and/or function for specific accessory protein‐receptor pairings raises the strong potential for physiological and disease‐relevant consequences. Sequestration and/or hetero‐oligomerisation of cannabinoid receptors with accessory proteins is a possible novel mechanism for receptor crosstalk.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Regulation of the pro‐inflammatory G protein‐coupled receptor GPR84
Authors: Marsango Sara , Milligan Graeme
Published: April 2023

GPR84 is an understudied rhodopsin‐like class A G protein‐coupled receptor, which is arousing particular interest from a therapeutic perspective. Not least this reflects that gpr84 expression is significantly up‐regulated following acute inflammatory stimuli and in inflammatory diseases, and that receptor activation plays a role in regulating pro‐inflammatory responses and migration of cells of the innate immune system such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and microglia. Although most physiological responses of GPR84 reflect receptor coupling to Gαi/o‐proteins, several studies indicate that agonist‐activated GPR84 can recruit arrestin adaptor proteins and this regulates receptor internalisation and desensitisation. To date, little is known on the patterns of either basal or ligand regulated GPR84 phosphorylation and how these might control these processes. Here, we consider what is known about the regulation of GPR84 signalling with a focus on how G protein receptor kinase‐mediated phosphorylation regulates arrestin protein recruitment and receptor function.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue GPR84 Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.10/issuetoc
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer alleviates pyroptosis in dental pulp damage
Authors: Wang Konghuai , Zhou Lu , Mao Hanqing , Liu Jiayi , Chen Zhi , Zhang Lu
Published: April 2023

Mitochondrial transfer is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue repair, but whether it protects against pulpitis remains unclear. Here, we show that hyperactivated nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes with pyroptotic cell death was present in pulpitis tissues, especially in the odontoblast layer, and mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS) was involved in driving this NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pathology. Using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as mitochondrial donor cells, we demonstrated that BMSCs could donate their mitochondria to odontoblasts via tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and, thus, reduce mitochondrial OS and the consequent NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis in odontoblasts. These protective effects of BMSCs were mostly blocked by inhibitors of the mitochondrial function or TNT formation. In terms of the mechanism of action, TNF‐α secreted from pyroptotic odontoblasts activates NF‐κB signalling in BMSCs via the paracrine pathway, thereby promoting the TNT formation in BMSCs and enhancing mitochondrial transfer efficiency. Inhibitions of NF‐κB signalling and TNF‐α secretion in BMSCs suppressed their mitochondrial donation capacity and TNT formation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that TNT‐mediated mitochondrial transfer is a potential protective mechanism of BMSCs under stress conditions, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy of mitochondrial transfer for dental pulp repair.
Developing a mechanistic understanding of the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of letermovir and prospective drug interaction with everolimus using physiological‐based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Menzel Karsten , Kuo Yuhsin , Chen Dapeng , Hartmann Georgy , Wang Ying‐Hong , Cho Carolyn R. , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Asari Kazuhiko
Published: April 2023

Letermovir is approved for use in cytomegalovirus‐seropositive hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and is investigated in other transplant settings. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PKs) were observed in clinical studies after intravenous and oral dosing across a wide dose range, including the efficacious doses of 240 and 480 mg. A physiologically‐based PK (PBPK) model for letermovir was built to develop a plausible explanation for the nonlinear PKs observed in clinical studies. In vitro studies suggested that letermovir elimination and distribution are mediated by saturable uridine glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)‐metabolism and by saturable hepatic uptake via organic anion‐transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B. A sensitivity analysis of parameters describing the metabolism and distribution mechanisms indicated that the greater than dose‐proportional increase in letermovir exposure is best described by a saturable OATP1B‐mediated transport. This PBPK model was further used to evaluate the drug interaction potential between letermovir and everolimus, an immunosuppressant that may be co‐administered with letermovir depending on regions. Because letermovir inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and everolimus is a known CYP3A substrate, an interaction when concomitantly administered is anticipated. The drug–drug interaction simulation confirmed that letermovir will likely increase everolimus are under the curve by 2.5‐fold, consistent with the moderate increase in exposure observed with midazolam in the clinic. The output highlights the importance of drug monitoring, which is common clinical practice for everolimus to maintain safe and efficacious drug concentrations in the targeted patient population when concomitantly administered with letermovir.
Small intestine‐targeted endoscopic bariatrics: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Ren Mengting , Ji Feng
Published: April 2023

The global obesity epidemic shows no signs of slowing down. Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) are being increasingly adopted as treatment options for obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities, due to their minimally invasive nature and ease of delivery. According to the site of action along the gastrointestinal tract, EBMTs can be divided into two categories: gastric EBMTs, and small intestine‐targeted EBMTs. Unlike gastric EBMTs, which work through a volume‐restricting mechanism leading to early satiety and reduced caloric intake, small intestine‐targeted EBMTs can be metabolically beneficial through foregut and/or hindgut pathways independent of weight loss, and therefore have great potential for the treatment of obesity‐related metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Although none of the small intestine‐targeted EBMTs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to date, their clinical efficacy and safety have been extensively explored in investigational trials. This review aims to summarize and provide a comprehensive understanding of small intestine‐targeted EBMTs in clinical and preclinical settings, and to further discuss their potential mechanisms of action.
Impact of triple intrathecal prophylaxis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia adults receiving HyperCVAD: A COVID‐19 practice change
Authors: Lee Benjamin J. , Kongtim Piyanuch , Doh Jean , Griffin Shawn P. , Chan Alexandre , O'Brien Susan , Ciurea Stefan O. , Jeyakumar Deepa
Published: April 2023

Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) requires both systemically and locally directed therapies to prevent central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. In response to restrictions brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic, our institution adopted triple intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy for CNS prophylaxis during HyperCVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine). We retrospectively reviewed records of newly diagnosed adult all patients who were consecutively treated with HyperCVAD between January 2011 and July 2022. Outcomes of patients who received triple IT chemotherapy and standard of care (SOC) CNS prophylaxis were compared. The primary endpoint was CNS relapse‐free survival (RFS) while secondary endpoints included cumulative incidence of relapse, overall survival, number of outpatient, and total ITs per patient, and CNS treatment‐related toxicities. A total of 37 patients including 21 in the triple IT and 16 in the SOC cohorts were evaluated. There were no differences between the triple IT and SOC cohorts with respect to CNS‐RFS (89.6% vs. 80.4%; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.45–5.39; p = .49), cumulative incidence of relapse (8.9% vs. 19.6%; HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.3–5.3; p = .87), and overall survival (89.6% vs. 85.7%; HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.20–4.21; p = .90) at 2‐years. Significantly fewer IT doses were administered in the triple IT cohort (p = .011) and the number of additional outpatient appointments to administer IT chemotherapy were markedly reduced as 98.6% of IT doses were administered during scheduled admissions compared to 76.8% (p < .001). The adoption of triple IT chemotherapy did not increase CNS treatment‐related toxicities but rather, the inverse was observed. Triple IT chemotherapy during HyperCVAD represents a feasible alternative to SOC CNS prophylaxis, especially during times of resource restriction and when minimization of patient exposures is desired.
Disentangling climate change from air pollution effects on epiphytic bryophytes
Authors: Hutsemékers Virginie , Mouton Lea , Westenbohm Hannah , Collart Flavien , Vanderpoorten Alain
Published: April 2023

At the interface between atmosphere and vegetation, epiphytic floras have been largely used as indicators of air quality. The recovery of epiphytes from high levels of SO2 pollution has resulted in major range changes, whose interpretation has, however, been challenged by concomitant variation in other pollutants as well as climate change. Here, we combine historical and contemporary information on epiphytic bryophyte species distributions, climatic conditions, and pollution loads since the 1980s in southern Belgium to disentangle the relative impact of climate change and air pollution on temporal shifts in species composition. The relationship between the temporal variation of species composition, climatic conditions, SO2, NO2, O3, and fine particle concentrations, was analyzed by variation partitioning. The temporal shift in species composition was such, that it was, on average, more than twice larger than the change in species composition observed today among communities scattered across the study area. The main driver, contributing to 38% of this temporal shift in species composition, was the variation of air quality. Climate change alone did not contribute to the substantial compositional shifts in epiphytic bryophyte communities in the course of the last 40 years. As a consequence of the substantial drop of N and S loads over the last decades, present‐day variations of epiphytic floras were, however, better explained by the spatial variation of climatic conditions than by extant pollution loads. The lack of any signature of recolonization delays of formerly polluted areas in the composition of modern floras suggests that epiphytic bryophytes efficiently disperse at the landscape scale. We suggest that a monitoring of epiphyte communities at 10‐year intervals would be desirable to assess the impact of raising pollution sources, and especially pesticides, whose impact on bryophytes remains poorly documented.
Re‐ensiling effects on inoculated sorghum: Intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and animal feeding behaviour
Authors: Silva Flávia Cristina de Oliveira e , Silva Naiara Taís Alves da , Glória Joana Ribeiro da , Alves João Carlos de Freitas , Borges Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz , Gonçalves Lúcio Carlos , Rodrigues José Avelino Santos , Jayme Diogo Gonzaga
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to determine whether using inoculants and re‐ensiling in sorghum silages affect the intake and feeding behaviour, apparent digestibility, digestible energy, and nitrogen balance of sheep in maintenance. Half the sorghum was inoculated on the day of harvest, and the other half received the same inoculation volume but with water. Sorghum was ensiled in 100 experimental metal drum silos of 200 L covered with plastic: 50 silos with inoculants and 50 without them. After 56 days, 25 drums with inoculants and 25 without were exposed to air for 48 h. The other silos remained closed. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme with inoculation and re‐ensiling. The sheep received the silages after 211 days of ensiling and 155 days of re‐ensiling to determine the intake, apparent digestibility, and feeding behaviour of animals. The experimental design was a simultaneous double 4 × 4 Latin square. The re‐ensiling process increased silage pH, N‐NH3.TN−1, butyric acid, and propionic acid. The inoculant increased propionic acid in ensiled and re‐ensiled silages. Lactic acid concentration presented a statistical interaction with the inoculated and ensiled silage, 58% higher than the other treatment averages. The ADFap digestibility showed a complex interaction, in which the control ensiled and the inoculated and re‐ensiled silages were about 35% lower than the inoculated ensiled silage. The Nbal:Nint ratio (g.g−1) in the inoculated and re‐ensiled silage had lower nitrogen retention than intake compared with the other treatments. These results indicate that exposing inoculated silages to air does not compromise their use in sheep feeding.
Evaluating the effects of a multicomponent support service for people recently diagnosed with dementia and their carers: A qualitative study
Authors: Ling Jonathan , McCabe Karen , Crosland Ann , Kane Laura , Eberhardt Judith
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Although prior research has provided an understanding of the needs of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers, less is known about how tailored multicomponent interventions impact their lives. This study explored the effect of providing ongoing support to people who had been recently diagnosed with dementia and to their carers.

Methods

We conducted interviews with a convenience sample of key stakeholders: 11 interviews with people who had dementia and their familial carers (n = 14) and six interviews with staff and other practitioners involved with the service (n = 13). Inductive thematic analysis was performed on the data.

Results

Four themes were developed: the service as a source of respite, peer support, activities as facilitators of emotional wellbeing, and social support. The service was well‐respected, credible, and trusted and was highly valued by practitioners, clients, and carers. It had a clear role in supporting PLWD and their carers. Peer support provided through the service contributed to greatly reducing self‐reported carer burden.

Conclusion

Recommendations arising from this study include offering holistic services to PLWD and their carers, developing activities for men, raising awareness of services among practitioners working with PLWD, and improving partnerships between services and agencies working with older people.

Patient or Public Contribution

Service users were consulted on the themes generated from the data and were asked to provide feedback to help guide the interpretation of the data and ensure this reflected their views and experiences.
Is job quality better or worse? Insights from quiz data collected before and after the pandemic
Authors: Davies Rhys , Felstead Alan
Published: April 2023

This article is based on data collected from almost 100,000 individuals who completed the www.howgoodismyjob.com quiz either side of the pandemic. The results show that overall non‐pecuniary job quality has improved, differences between occupations have shrunk and the growth of remote working is a factor behind these trends.
Sustaining complementor engagement in digital platform ecosystems: Antecedents, behaviours and engagement trajectories
Authors: Engert Martin , Evers Julia , Hein Andreas , Krcmar Helmut
Published: April 2023

Digital platform ecosystems increasingly dominate the enterprise software domain, and the persistence of platforms depends on the sustained engagement of complementors. However, there is a limited understanding of its antecedents, complementors' evaluation of antecedents and the manifestations and dynamic changes of complementors' engagement. Therefore, we investigate complementors' engagement within platform ecosystems over time. We draw on actor and stakeholder engagement from service research to conceptualise complementor engagement (CE) and create an integrated empirical understanding of CE and its dynamics in digital platform ecosystems. Our embedded case study builds on 30 interviews with complementors in Anubis and Osiris enterprise software platform ecosystems. Inductive data analysis reveals five CE antecedents: platform resources and rules, platform value proposition, platform agents, customer needs and other complementors' value propositions. The antecedents are associated with three CE behaviours: generating, networking and synchronising. Further analysis of CE over time resulted in 26 different sequences representing stable and changing engagement trajectories, the latter comprising selective, growing and abating engagement as subcategories. We show how complementors' evaluations of antecedents lead to behaviour changes, providing a novel perspective on the dynamics underlying CE. Finally, we link complementors' evaluation outcomes to their (dis)satisfaction, contributing to the discussion on what drives and impedes CE. The findings implicate the debate on dynamic platform governance and inform platform owners about using cooperative and competitive approaches in the short and long term.
Strong bounds and exact solutions to the minimum broadcast time problem
Authors: Ivanova Marika , Haugland Dag , Tvedt Bård Hennning
Published: April 2023

Given a graph and a subset of its nodes, referred to as source nodes, the minimum broadcast time problem asks for the minimum number of steps in which a signal can be transmitted from the sources to all other nodes in the graph. In each step, the sources and the nodes that already have received the signal can forward it to at most one of their neighbour nodes. The problem has previously been proved to be NP‐hard. In the current work, we develop a compact integer programming model for the problem. We also devise procedures for computing lower bounds on the minimum number of steps required, along with methods for constructing near‐optimal solutions. Computational experiments demonstrate that in a wide range of instances, in particular instances with sufficiently dense graphs, the lower and upper bounds under study collapse. In instances where this is not the case, the integer programming model proves strong capabilities in closing the remaining gap and proves to be considerably more efficient than previously studied models.
Pressure‐driven phase transition and energy conversion in ferroelectrics: Principles, materials, and applications
Authors: Xie Meng , Nie Hengchang , Liu Zhen , Lu Teng , Liu Yun , Wang Genshui
Published: April 2023

The pressure‐driven explosive energy‐conversion (EEC) effect of ferroelectric (FE) materials has been extensively studied in scientific research and high‐tech applications owing to its high pulse‐power output capability. The fundamental principle of this effect is pressure‐driven phase transition and depolarization in FE materials, accompanied by discharging behavior from the charge release upon pressure loading. Pb(Zr,Ti)O3has been an excellent example of a materials exhibiting these properties. However, recent investigations have been focused on developing other lead‐based or lead‐free materials with a higher energy‐storage ability and better temperature stability. In this article, we review the recent progress achieved in the past decades on different types of lead‐based and lead‐free ceramics, single crystals, and multilayer films, based on their unique pressure‐driven phase transition and energy‐conversion properties. Their pulse power discharging performance under actual shock‐wave compression is also summarized, followed by a detailed discussion of the failure mechanism under shock‐wave compression. Finally, several issues and perspectives are proposed for future investigation in this area. All these not only assist in the design of new materials for high‐performance EEC but are also helpful for the practical application of these promising materials in pulse‐power technologies.
Exemplar typicality in interventions to reduce public stigma against people with mental illness
Authors: Maunder Rachel D. , White Fiona A.
Published: April 2023

A large number of studies support the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing public stigma, which has numerous deleterious effects on the lives of people with mental illness. Missing from research literature, however, is an examination of intervention characteristics which may enhance their effectiveness. Drawing from the broader literature concerned with changing perceptions of social outgroups, the present research program explores the role of exemplar typicality—the degree to which the characteristics of outgroup members who participants read about or interact with adhere to stereotypes about their group. Scholars have arrived at divergent conclusions regarding the level of typicality that is the most beneficial, prompting experimentation into this issue. In three studies concerned with stigma against people with mental illness, participants read about (n = 262) or had contact with (E‐contact, n = 248; imagined contact, n = 506) a typical, moderately atypical, or extremely atypical exemplar. Overall, the results suggested typical exemplars to be detrimental or less effective, while atypical exemplars appeared to produce lower public stigma. But there were inconsistent findings regarding the difference between the moderately and extremely atypical exemplars. These results call for intergroup contact scholars to reexamine the claim that typical exemplars are ideal, given their potential to aggravate biases toward some vulnerable social groups. The findings also suggest that organizations implementing prevalent interventions such as contact and personal narratives to reduce mental health stigma should carefully attend to the characteristics of the outgroup exemplars involved.
Association between inflammatory potential of diet and periodontitis disease risks: Results from a Korean population‐based cohort study
Authors: Choi Sung Weon , Sreeja Sundara Raj , Le Trong‐Dat , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Kim Mi Kyung
Published: April 2023

Aim

To examine the association between a pro‐inflammatory diet, estimated using the energy‐adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E‐DII), and the risk of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

Study subjects from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Health Examinee (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included for cross‐sectional analysis (n = 168,378) using multivariate logistic regression and prospective analysis (n = 160,397) using Cox proportional hazard models respectively. DII and E‐DII scores were calculated based on the intake reported on a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ‐FFQ).

Results

Cox proportional hazard models revealed a significantly increased risk of incident periodontitis in individuals consuming high E‐DII (more pro‐inflammatory) diets in the total population (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13–1.48; ptrend <.001) and in both men (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07–1.73; ptrend = 0.02) and women (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08–1.50; ptrend = .002). The association remained significant even after excluding cases diagnosed early in the follow‐up. In the cross‐sectional analysis, a significant association was observed between the E‐DII score and the prevalence of periodontitis among all study subjects (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03–1.34; ptrend = 0.01) and men (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.01–1.63; ptrend <.001); however, the association did not reach statistical significance in women (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.96–1.33; ptrend <.001).

Conclusions

Findings from the current study support the hypothesis that diets with high pro‐inflammatory potential increase the risk of periodontitis.
Effects of cutting parameters on cutting force and cutting energy for crab‐apple
Authors: Su Xunwen , Wu Xingchen , Shi Yanyu
Published: April 2023

Studying the effects of cutting parameters on cutting force and energy consumption in the core removal and slicing process of crab‐apple can provide the theoretical basis for the design and optimization of crab‐apple core removal and slicing equipment. In this study, the single‐factor tests were carried out on a special fixture and microcomputer‐controlled electronic universal testing machine to study the effect of slicing speed, blade oblique angle, and blade‐edge shape in the slicing process and core removal tool wall thickness and speed in the core removal process on the cutting force and energy consumption. The test results showed that the peak force and energy consumption can be reduced by adopting the concave type blade compared to the convex type blade. Slicing speed and blade oblique angle have significant effects on the cutting performance of crab‐apple in the slicing process. When blade oblique angle and cutting speed increase, the cutting force and energy consumption both show a decreasing trend. For the core removal process, reducing the core removal tool wall thickness and increasing the core removal speed can reduce the cutting force and energy consumption and improve the processing quality.
Can hydrological models assess the impact of natural flood management in groundwater‐dominated catchments?
Authors: Badjana Hèou Maléki , Cloke Hannah L. , Verhoef Anne , Julich Stefan , Camargos Carla , Collins Sarah , Macdonald David M. J. , McGuire Patrick C. , Clark Joanna
Published: April 2023

Natural flood management (NFM) is widely promoted for managing flood risks but the effectiveness of different types of NFM schemes at medium (100–1000 km2) and large scales (>1000 km2) remains widely unknown. This study demonstrates the importance of fully understanding the impact of model structure, calibration and uncertainty techniques on the results before the NFM assessment is undertaken. Land‐based NFM assessment is undertaken in two medium‐scale lowland catchments within the Thames River basin (UK) with a modelling approach that uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model within an uncertainty framework. The model performed poorly in groundwater‐dominated areas (P‐factor <0.5 and R‐factor >0.6). The model performed better in areas dominated by surface and interflow processes (P‐factor >0.5 and R‐factor <0.6) and here hypothetical experiments converting land to broadleaf woodland and cropland showed that the model offers good potential for the assessment of NFM effectiveness. However, the reduction of large flood flows greater than 4% in medium‐sized catchments would require afforestation of more than 75% of the area. Whilst hydrological models, and specifically SWAT, can be useful tools in assessing the effectiveness of NFM, these results demonstrate that they cannot be applied in all settings.
Mixing races, maintaining racism? Considering the connection between interracial families, social distance, and racial inequality
Authors: Bratter Jenifer L. , Campbell Mary E.
Published: April 2023

Researchers often assume that close interracial relationships, especially intermarriage, simultaneouslyreflectandcausea weakening of racial and ethnic boundaries and inequality between groups. In fact, interracial marriage is often used as a measure of social distance. We question those assumptions, noting the salient boundaries and durable inequalities that remain despite decades of increases in interracial relationships. We begin with historical examples, showing how, for much of US history, there was no expectation that interracial sexual encounters would reduce racial inequality or weaken boundaries. Incorporating critical race theory and intersectional perspectives, we describe how the impact of interracial intimate relationships is both gendered and classed. We argue that research on contemporary intimate interracial relationships (friendships, dating, and marriage) explains why such relationships may have little impact on attitudes, inequality, and the rigidity of boundaries and call for future research to consider dynamicswithinthe family as well.
Social zebrafish:Danio rerioas an emerging model in social neuroendocrinology
Authors: Kareklas Kyriacos , Teles Magda C. , Nunes Ana Rita , Oliveira Rui F.
Published: April 2023

The fitness benefits of social life depend on the ability of animals to affiliate with others and form groups, on dominance hierarchies within groups that determine resource distribution, and on cognitive capacities for recognition, learning and information transfer. The evolution of these phenotypes is coupled with that of neuroendocrine mechanisms, but the causal link between the two remains underexplored. Growing evidence from our research group and others demonstrates that the tools available in zebrafish,Danio rerio, can markedly facilitate progress in this field. Here, we review this evidence and provide a synthesis of the state‐of‐the‐art in this model system. We discuss the involvement of generalized motivation and cognitive components, neuroplasticity and functional connectivity across social decision‐making brain areas, and how these are modulated chiefly by the oxytocin‐vasopressin neuroendocrine system, but also by reward‐pathway monoamine signaling and the effects of sex‐hormones and stress physiology.
Activation of Tm‐22 resistance is mediated by a conserved cysteine essential for tobacco mosaic virus movement
Authors: Hak Hagit , Raanan Hagai , Schwarz Shahar , Sherman Yifat , Dinesh‐Kumar Savithramma P. , Spiegelman Ziv
Published: April 2023

The tomato Tm‐22 gene was considered to be one of the most durable resistance genes in agriculture, protecting against viruses of the Tobamovirus genus, such as tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). However, an emerging tobamovirus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), has overcome Tm‐22, damaging tomato production worldwide. Tm‐22 encodes a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) class immune receptor that recognizes its effector, the tobamovirus movement protein (MP). Previously, we found that ToBRFV MP (MPToBRFV) enabled the virus to overcome Tm‐22‐mediated resistance. Yet, it was unknown how Tm‐22 remained durable against other tobamoviruses, such as TMV and ToMV, for over 60 years. Here, we show that a conserved cysteine (C68) in the MP of TMV (MPTMV) plays a dual role in Tm‐22 activation and viral movement. Substitution of MPToBRFV amino acid H67 with the corresponding amino acid in MPTMV (C68) activated Tm‐22‐mediated resistance. However, replacement of C68 in TMV and ToMV disabled the infectivity of both viruses. Phylogenetic and structural prediction analysis revealed that C68 is conserved among all Solanaceae‐infecting tobamoviruses except ToBRFV and localizes to a predicted jelly‐roll fold common to various MPs. Cell‐to‐cell and subcellular movement analysis showed that C68 is required for the movement of TMV by regulating the MP interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum and targeting it to plasmodesmata. The dual role of C68 in viral movement and Tm‐22 immune activation could explain how TMV was unable to overcome this resistance for such a long period.
Polyglucosan body disease in an aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Gumber Sanjeev , Connor‐Stroud Fawn , Howard Dustin , Zhang Xiaodong , Bradley Brenda J. , Sherwood Chet C. , Walker Lary C.
Published: April 2023

A 57‐year‐old female chimpanzee presented with a brief history of increasing lethargy and rapidly progressive lower‐limb weakness that culminated in loss of use. Postmortem examination revealed no significant gross lesions in the nervous system or other organ systems. Histological analysis revealed round, basophilic to amphophilic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the white and gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and coccygeal regions of spinal cord. Only rare PGBs were observed in forebrain samples. The lesions in the spinal cord were polymorphic, and they were positively stained with hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, Bielschowsky silver, and Grocott‐Gomori methenamine‐silver methods, and they were negative for von Kossa and Congo Red stains. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed reactivity with antibodies to ubiquitin, but they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron‐specific enolase, neurofilaments, tau protein, and Aβ protein. Electron microscopy revealed non‐membrane‐bound deposits composed of densely packed filaments within axons and in the extracellular space. Intra‐axonal PGBs were associated with disruption of the axonal fine structure and disintegration of the surrounding myelin sheath. These findings are the first description of PGBs linked to neurological dysfunction in a chimpanzee. Clinicopathologically, the disorder resembled adult PGB disease in humans.
Clinical results of lumbar sympathetic blocks in lower limb complex regional pain syndrome using infrared thermography as a support tool
Authors: Bovaira Maite , Cañada‐Soriano Mar , García‐Vitoria Carles , Calvo Ana , De Andrés José Antonio , Moratal David , Priego‐Quesada Jose Ignacio
Published: April 2023

Aim

To describe the clinical outcomes for a group of complex regional pain syndrome patients using infrared thermography as an intraprocedural support tool when undertaking fluoroscopy‐guided lumbar sympathetic blocks.

Subjects

27 patients with lower limb complex regional pain syndrome accompanied by severe pain and persistent functional impairment.

Methods

A series of three fluoroscopic‐guided lumbar sympathetic blocks with local anesthetic and corticoids using infrared thermography as an intraprocedural support tool were performed. Clinical variables were collected at baseline, prior to each block, and one, three, and six months after blocks in a standardized checklist assessing each of the clinical categories of complex regional pain syndrome stipulated in the Budapest criteria.

Results

23.75% of the blocks required more than one chance to achieve the desired thermal pattern and therefore to be considered as successful. A decrease in pain measured on a visual analogic scale was observed at all time points compared to pre‐blockade data, but only 37% of the cases were categorized as responders, representing a ≥ 30% decrease in VAS, with the disappearance of pain at rest. An improvement of most of the clinical variables recorded was observed, such as tingling, edema, perception of thermal asymmetry, difference in coloring and sweating. There was a significant decrease of neuropathic pain and improvement of functional limitation. Logistic regression analysis showed the main variable to explain the probability of being a responder was immobilization time (odds ratio of 0.89).

Conclusion

A series of fluoroscopy‐guided lumbar sympathetic blocks controlled by infrared thermography in the treatment of lower limb CRPS showed a responder rate of 37%.
Effect of α‐tocopherol in the vitrification medium on the viability, lipid peroxidation, expression of key developmental, apoptotic and stress‐related genes in ovine secondary follicles
Authors: Kaushik Kalpana , Krishna Kavya , Johnson P. , Gupta P. S. P. , Nandi S. , Mondal S. , Suganthi R. U. , Nikhil Kumar Tej J.
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of α‐tocopherol on viability, lipid peroxidation and the expression of apoptosis, stress and development‐related genes in the vitrified sheep secondary follicles. Ovarian secondary follicles (200–300 μm) were isolated and distributed separately to the vitrification treatment and supplemented with 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM and 30 mM of α‐tocopherol (while the control fresh group was without vitrification and supplementation of α‐tocopherol). After a week, the follicles were thawed and evaluated for follicular viability by trypan blue dye exclusion method, lipid peroxidation and gene expression studies. The results showed that the vitrification with 10 and 20 mM of α‐tocopherol positively affected (p < .05) the viability of vitrified follicles in comparison with vitrified ones without α‐tocopherol but the higher concentration of α‐tocopherol, i.e., 30 mM negatively affected the viability (p < .05) in comparison with the 10 and 20 mM of α‐tocopherol groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly (p < .05) higher in the vitrified without α‐tocopherol group in comparison to the vitrified with 20 mM of α‐tocopherol group. The expression of apoptotic‐related gene, BCL2L1 was significantly higher in 10 mM α‐tocopherol group compared to the control fresh and CASPASE 3, 9 expressions were significantly higher in the vitrified group when compared to the vitrified with 10 mM α‐tocopherol group. Expressions of BAX, BAD, BAK, BMP‐15 and GDF‐9 showed no significant difference among the groups. The mRNA expression of SOD1 was significantly higher in the vitrified without α‐tocopherol group when compared to other groups. We conclude that the supplementation of 10 and 20 mM α‐tocopherol in vitrification solution was the efficient vitrification procedure for the vitrification of ovine secondary follicles.
Effects of extended exposure to video in the language classroom on listening proficiency
Authors: Schenker Theresa , Sippel Lieselotte
Published: April 2023

Research has shown that world language learners’ listening comprehension skills develop at a slower pace than reading or speaking skills, possibly because a systematic approach to developing listening skills is often neglected in classroom contexts. To address this issue, the present study investigated whether listening skills can be improved through targeted practice. Thirty‐three learners of a third‐semester German course were assigned to either an experimental group (n = 22) or a control group (n = 11). Over the course of one semester, the experimental group watched short episodes of a German web‐based telenovela designed for language learners and completed vocabulary exercises and comprehension questions. Listening skills were assessed through the DIALANG test and a self‐assessment at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Results showed that only learners in the experimental group made significant gains in listening proficiency. Both groups increased their self‐rated listening proficiency. Overall, the results suggest that using a telenovela for targeted listening practice is a useful way to help learners develop their listening skills.
Thin objects: An overview
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , Zanetti Luca
Published: April 2023

In Thin objects: an abstractionist account (Oxford University Press, 2018), Øystein Linnebo claims that ‘mathematical objects are thin in the sense that very little is required for their existence’. Linnebo articulates his view in an abstractionist manner: according to Linnebo, the truth of the right‐hand side of a Fregean abstraction principle, which states that two items stand in a given equivalence relation, is sufficient for the truth of its left‐hand side, which states that the same abstract object is associated to both items. This special issue contains nine articles discussing different aspects of Linnebo's book. In this introduction, we provide an opinionated introduction to the Special Issue and an overview of the contributions.
The Wisdom of the Crowd is not a Forgone Conclusion. Effects of Self‐Selection on (Collaborative) Knowledge Construction
Authors: Krebs Marie‐Christin , Oeberst Aileen , Beck Ina von der
Published: April 2023

Web 2.0 has elevated the possibilities of collaboration to unprecedented levels. Therein lies great potential, as the aptly coined phenomenon “Wisdom of the Crowd” implies. When it comes to controversial topics, however, there is no safety in numbers alone. On the contrary, collaboration among only like‐minded people may even exacerbate biases (e.g., Echo Chambers). Yet, it is human nature to seek out like‐minded others. Consequently, the process of self‐selection is crucial if the heterogeneity of opinions serves as a safeguard against undesirable effects of group processes (e.g., attitude polarization). Accordingly, online environments that invite more heterogeneous (vs. homogeneous) users should produce less biased content. We tested this hypothesis in a field study, comparing articles on the same 20 controversial topics from the online encyclopedias Conservapedia and RationalWiki with Wikipedia (and Britannica serving as a gold standard) and exploring the opinions of discussants in the three online encyclopedias. As expected, articles from Conservapedia and RationalWiki were significantly less balanced than articles from Wikipedia and Britannica. We replicated this finding in a lab study with 257 participants who self‐selected to one of three online wikis (Vegan Love, Nutrition, Meat & Fish) and individually as well as collaboratively wrote an encyclopedia‐like article about “Diets.” As expected, Wikis with a specific focus (Vegan Love, Meat & Fish) predominantly attracted authors with a positive attitude toward this focus and, as a consequence, resulted in more biased content than in the Nutrition Wiki. Overall, our results suggest that crowds alone do not guarantee wisdom—self‐selection is a crucial process that needs to be taken into account.