bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of groundwater table under rock slope by using electrical resistivity imaging at Sri Jaya, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Awang H , Salmanfarsi A F , Zaini M S I , Mohamad Yazid M A F , Ali M I
Published: February 2021

Over the years, rock slope will undergo the natural phenomenon of weathering, leading to the weakening of strength and physical properties of the slope material. In Malaysia, one of the causes of the weathering of rock is due to the presence of water, which can form groundwater table in the subsurface of rock slopes. The weathering of rock material in slopes can have significant effect on the stability. In Sri Jaya, Pahang, a large body of rock is exposed in cut slope, where different weathering grade was observed on the surface. The study aims to investigate the groundwater table under the rock slope surface and determine the extent of weathering of the rock slope. For that purpose, the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was chosen as a geophysical method to map the subsurface condition of the slope. Resistivity values from the survey were interpreted based on established work that correlates weathering condition of rock material with resistivity value. Different zones of weathering grade and groundwater were determined based from the profile.
Multi-Parameter Neural Network for Altimeter Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Estimation
Authors: Sharoni S , Md Reba M N
Published: February 2021

The ability of satellite altimeter to estimate wind speed in tropical cyclone condition has been investigated. In the extreme condition with higher spatio-temporal variation, the ocean-atmosphere interaction is very complex and makes the existing algorithm become an ill-posed solution. In such condition, the developed algorithm from single frequency backscatter and significant waves height were insufficient. Besides, wind speed estimates become saturated at high regimes and the reflected backscatter was contaminated by rain. Therefore, other simultaneously observed parameters are needed to comprehensively account for this condition and is expected to improve the accuracy of wind speed retrieval. Aside from altimeter instrument, the microwave radiometer onboard Jason-2 concurrently records the brightness temperature and the rain information. To accommodate related multiple parameters for wind speed derivation, the neural network approach is proposed. Its unique advantage is relationship among multi-parameters can be easily established without prior knowledge on their physical attributes. Therefore, this study intended to determine the multi-parameter neural network (MPNN) model in estimating altimeter wind speed during the tropical cyclone condition. The results proved that the MPNN technique has potential in reducing the root mean square error by 30% in comparison between tropical cyclone wind speed estimate by the existing algorithm.
Improving the Bearing Capacity of Marine Clay using Polyurethane Columns
Authors: Yong A L , Ahmad K , Saleh S , Mohd Yunus N Z , Mat Said K N
Published: February 2021

Problematic soil such as marine clay causes structures or pavement to crack and collapse as marine clay possesses low bearing capacity. Therefore, ground improvement is usually conducted to improve the bearing capacity. Since the use of cement for strengthening weak soil is not environmental-friendly, the aim of this study is to improve the bearing capacity of marine clay using polyurethane (PU) columns. The properties of the marine clay collected from Batu Pahat determined were particle size distribution, Atterberg’s limits, specific gravity, and compressibility were determined. A series of small-scale physical modelling was conducted with a tank’s size of 500 mm x 500 mm x 200 mm. The 1:1 ratio of poly and isocyanate was injected into the cored hole for the column formation with the area improvement ratio was set as 12.6%. The loading process was conducted 1 day after column installation. Double tangent method from the stress-displacement curve was employed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the marine clay. The ultimate bearing capacity of the untreated marine clay was 50 kPa. In addition, the results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the marine clay increased with the length of the PU columns. A maximum improvement ratio of 220% was achieved for the end bearing PU columns. Comparing the improvement ratio with the published data showed that PU columns had a better performance than soil cement or deep mixing cement columns due to its lightweight and high strength. Therefore, the replacement of cement with PU is workable and sustainable in ground improvement method.
Trend of bed load material and bed load transport in Sungai Kenau for year 2013 until 2020
Authors: Nadiatul Adilah A A G , Lukman M
Published: February 2021

A study was carried out to determine the trend of bed load material characteristic and bed load transport rate in Sungai Kenau at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, Pahang between year 2013 until 2020. Sediment is a material that can be moved and deposited to the new location through the river. This study will be focusing in bed load transport as it is the key component to determine the sediment transport rate in the river. Two sampling station have been chosen to measure the bed load transport in year 2013 until to 2020. Schocklitsh and Duboys equation was used to predict sediment transport load and it was compared with measured sample from Helly-Smith equipment. The collected sample was analysed to determine the trend of bed load material and bed load transport in Sungai Kenau for year 2013 until 2020. According to Duboys calculation the highest bed load transport rate is Sample 1 with 0.013220 lb/sec and the lowest is on Sample 5 with 0.002310 lb/sec both of the samples are taken on the same station but on the different day. Meanwhile according to Schocklitsh calculation the highest bed load transport rate is Sample 7 with 3.79374 lb/sec and the lowest is on Sample 5 with 1.98018 lb/sec both of the samples also taken on the same station but on the different day. It can be sure that the higher flow rate of the river the higher bed load transport rate. It can be obtain that according to Wentworth Scale the median grain size in Sungai Kenau were between 0.68 mm to 2.6 mm where the bed material can be classified as coarse sand to the very fine gravel.
Effects of Crumb Rubber at Different Sizes in Asphalt Mixtures on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Alakhali A K , Yahaya F M , Almalik M A
Published: February 2021

High vehicles loads due to increasing the road users are one of the main issues affecting the asphalt pavement surface and its performance by resulting various problems such as fatigue cracking and other deformations due to road overloading caused by vehicles loads. The use of crumb rubber in asphalt pavements has attracted increasingly growing attention and become one of the factors that increase the strength of the pavement. Crumb rubber is used to improve asphalt binder properties and pavement performance since it contributes as an additive material in the structural applications and reducing the environmental problem. The main contribution and purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of adding crumb rubber into the asphalt by using the wet method. There were two different amounts of crumb rubber content used in this study (2.5 % and 3.5 % of the overall asphalt mixture weight) and two different crumb rubber sizes (0.6 mm and 0.3 mm) that were examined in this study. In addition to this study, asphalt grade 60/70 penetration grade. The performance of the modified binder is comparatively evaluated with an unmodified binder to find the best modifier. The evaluation is done through conducting the comparison between results obtained from modified and unmodified asphalt samples using Marshall stability, flow and resilience modulus test. The results from this study shows crumb rubber is an efficient material to be used as an additive to asphalt binder since it contributes in better performance by increasing the strength and stiffness of pavement and can be used for future development.
The application of green roof for stormwater quantity and quality improvement
Authors: Romali N S , Othman N S , Mhd Ramli N N
Published: February 2021

The use of green roof is becoming increasingly worldwide because of its environmental, economic, and aesthetic benefits. The ability to retain storm water and improve the quality of effluent flow are the important characteristics of green roof. It is viewed as a best technology to minimize the negative impact of urbanization. However, the application of green roof in Malaysia is less and literatures regarding these is limited. An attempt has been made to evaluate the performances of green roof in improving the water quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. A lab-scale green roof with five component layers which are vegetation layer using creeping ox-eye and beach morning glory, topsoil substrate layer, non-woven geotextile filter layer, drainage plate layer and liquid waterproofing layer was used. Results indicated that the green roof with creeping ox-eyes shows a better performance in reducing peak flow with as high as 41% percentages of reduction compared to beach morning glory (15%). On the other hand, the green roof with beach morning glory manage to improve the concentration of COD up to 99% improvement while the green roof with creeping ox-eye shows a better performance in improving BOD with 17% reduction.
Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Laterite Stone and Palm Oil Clinker as Fine Aggregate Replacement
Authors: Shahid K A , Muthusamy K , Ghazali N
Published: February 2021

The high dependency of construction industry on supply of river sand has initiated research to find other alternative materials that can be used as partial sand replacement in concrete production. Two types of material, that is palm oil clinker (POC) which continuously produced waste from local palm oil industry and freely available laterite aggregate on earth surface have been investigated its potential to be used as partial sand replacement in concrete. The present research was carried out to determine the workability and compressive strength of concrete containing laterite aggregate and crushed palm oil clinker as partial fine aggregates replacement. Concrete mixes have been prepared by integrating various proportions of laterite aggregate and palm oil clinker by weight of river sand. The compressive strength test was conducted on the continuously water cured specimens at 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed a perfect combination of fine laterite and fine palm oil clinker on S1 (25% of FL + 25% of FPOC) as partial fine aggregate replacement contributed towards enhancement of concrete strength.
Effect of Different Positions of Hollow Section on the High Strength Concrete Beam
Authors: Rokiah O , Mohd Arif S , Chong B W , Wong C W , Youventharan D , Ramadhansyah P J , Nadiatul Adilah A A G
Published: February 2021

Today, the construction industry is continuously looking for lighter and high strength concrete (HSC) beams especially for high rise building. This research reported the effect of different positions of hollow section on the HSC beam containing eggshell powder (ESP) as partial cement replacement and tire crumb (TC) as partial sand replacement. Sustainable and high strength concrete is now widely used as a structural component like beam, slab and wall due to environmental impact. The hollow section also can reduce the dead loads which contribute to seismic effect in high rise buildings. Furthermore, eggshell is an agricultural waste that is generally considered worthless and is mostly disposed of because it leads to pollution, but it has similar properties as lime that used to be raw material to produce cement. In this study, 10% TC is used as partial sand replacement to produce a green concrete to make it more sustainable in construction. The experimental program consists of casting and testing high strength concrete beams of size 150 x 200 x 1500 mm with different positions of circular hollow sections. To study the flexural behaviour, all beams are tested after 28 days of curing subjected to four-points bending test in order to analyse the effect of different position of hollow section on the strength, deflection and mode of failure of HSC beam. Based on the experimental result, solid beam (SB) exhibits the higher strength with maximum loading of 156.45kN and flexural strength up to 39.11N/mm2. Besides, one hollow beam (OHB) and two vertical hollow beams (TVHB) show a better result in deflection compared to solid beam (SB). However, the two horizontal hollow beam (THHB) exhibits better performance in strength, with nearly 6.5% less than the SB. Conclusively, the position of the hollow beam affects the strength and deflection of the beam. All the beams experienced shear crack and flexural crack. The two horizontal hollow beams (THHB) can be used as a light structure beam of a building especially for the roof beam which receives less loading from the roof.
Recycling of coal bottom ash (CBA) as cement and aggregate replacement material: a review
Authors: Embong R , Kusbiantoro A , Muthusamy K , Ismail N
Published: February 2021

The construction sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. Therefore, utilizing ‘green and recycled by-products’ in construction is a measure towards a sustainable future. Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) generated from thermal power plants has increases in production. This causes disposal problems. However, due to the ongoing depletion of natural limestone in cement production and aggregate in construction, this material may be used as a recycled construction material. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of CBA’s physical and chemical properties and the impact on the use of CBA as aggregate or cement. A small volume of CBA can substitute fine aggregates without compromising the strength of the concrete. Further research remains to be carried to explore the potential of this material in producing concrete with enhanced strength.
Effect of Fly Ash as Partial Cement Replacement on Workability and Compressive Strength of Palm Oil Clinker Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Ghazali N , Muthusamy K , Embong R , Rahim I S A. , Muhamad Razali N F , Yahaya F M , Ariffin N F , Wan Ahmad S
Published: February 2021

Environmental pollution caused by waste disposal namely palm oil clinker and fly ash from palm oil industry and coal power plant respectively needs to be resolved. The present investigation explores the influence of fly ash (FA) as partial cement replacement on workability, compressive strength and flexural strength of palm oil clinker lightweight aggregate concrete. A total of five types of mixes consisting 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% FA as cement replacement were used. All specimens were subjected to curing process by immersing it in water until the testing date. Concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength and flexural strength test at 7 and 28 days. Incorporation of fly ash as partial cement replacement influences the fresh and hardened properties of this lightweight aggregate concrete. This novel finding shows that integration of up to 20% FA increases workability and contribute to strength enhancement of palm oil clinker lightweight aggregate concrete.
Impact of Bauxite Mining on Quality of Life: An Analysis of Road Users
Authors: Rosli N , Rahman R A , Razelan I S M , Ismail A , Hasan M
Published: February 2021

Mining activities are often associated with various adverse effects. Until now, most research focuses on the environmental, occupational, and health impacts of mining activities. However, existing literature lacks information on mining activities’ impact on the quality of life of surrounding road users. Therefore, this research aims to compare the quality of life of road users between bauxite and non-bauxite areas. To achieve that objective, questionnaire survey data from road users were collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that the affected road users have an overall significantly lower health- related quality of life than the control group. Specifically, the affected road users have significantly lower physical-, psychological-, and social-related quality of life. While numerous other factors might influence the participants’ quality of life, respondent demographic and road satisfaction variables have a low to a negligible relationship with the quality of life in this study. This research’s key contribution is by identifying the impact of mining activities on road users in a developing country.
Analysis of Potential Extreme Drought using Integrated Statistical Model
Authors: Tukimat N N A , Othman A S , Rahmat S N
Published: February 2021

Frequent extreme drought especially in urban area is majorly connected with the changes of the global climate and drastic releases of greenhouse emissions in the earth system. It becomes significant in identifying how frequent the potential drought event in the long term and how big its impact to the existence water sources. Due to this concern, the integrated statistical model has been used to estimate the potential extreme drought in Pahang state, Malaysia. The Representative Concentration Pathways in three radiation levels known as RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 provided by IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were implemented to produce the plausible future weather scenarios in the different radiation levels. The results revealed the climate changes could alter the seasonal trend and intensity with small rises in average 7%/year (rainfall) and 0.2 °C/decade (temperature). Although the rainfall was expecting to increase however almost 42% of Pahang state is expected to receive lower rainfall intensity than the historical annual rainfall. Estimated the drought events potentially to occur in 20 % from upcoming 80 years with every station has high probability to drought at least twice times. For the RCPs performances, the RCP4.5 potentially to produce more frequent drought compared to other RCPs.
Estimation of the Potential Trend Changes on the Streamflow with Climatic Responses Consideration
Authors: Tukimat N N A , Rahmat S N , Winarta B
Published: February 2021

Uncontrolled rapid development will create the negative effects especially to the unstable climate variability. In Malaysia, the huge impact to this trend changes can be examined during North-East monsoon. The most of rivers in the Eastern parts of Malaysia are exposed to the drastic and unexpected water level (WL) rises. The objective of this study was to estimate the potential changes on streamflow at Sg Yap with climate change impact. Sg Yap is a part of Pahang River basin and recorded as the worst affected area of flooding in year 2017. Thus, the integration of climate model (SDSM) considered the representative concentration pathway (RCPs) and rainfall-runoff model (IHACRES) were implemented. According to the results, the selected predictors for climate simulation were successfully to have good association with the local rainfall and temperature stations. High correlation (>0.79) and least of percentage error (<21.51%) as proved the accuracy and reliability of the findings. In the long term projection, the temperature was expected to decrease in average 6%. Meanwhile the long term rainfall trend was slightly similar to the historical trend with small percentage of decrement in the annual rainfall as -8.1% (RCP2.6), -10.2% (RCP4.5), -10.8% (RCP8.5). Thus, the long term streamflow at this region is expected to decrease with 20.9%, 22.1%, and 27.9% by RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Therefore, the relationship between rainfall-runoff can be estimated in the ratio of 1:3 (RCP2.6), and 1:2 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).
Study on the improvement of the torsional bracing system designing process for steel shaped I simply supported beam bridge
Authors: Nguyen K V , Huynh C A L , Nguyen H D H , Van N D , Nguyen N T , Nguyen P G , Huynh T N
Published: February 2021

For a long time, the steel bridge structure has been concentrated in the highway and bridge construction industry because of several advantages like high strength material, simple manufacture, and rapid construction. However, this structure still has a few remarkable disadvantages when designing the bridge structure and one of them is the overall stability of the main girders in the construction stage. This research illustrates that a system of discrete bracing along the girders’ length adopted to handle the problem effectively. From the result, the optimally designing process of the bracing system for Steel I girder simple span bridges verified against the finite element method (FEM). However, the frame forming the bracing system has not been checked by the specific process yet, especially the compressuon member, which can cause the instability of each bracing appurtenance in both the construction and exploitation stage. Therefore, the continuing research significantly adds checking the load capability and buckling of compression frames. The expected result in this research is as follows: 1) Checking members of the bracing system added in the design process. 2) The members of the bracing system promote their ability of resisting the lateral-torsional displacement of girders, and their strength ensured. 3) Designing the intermediate bracing system (IBS), which based only on the overall stability of bridge structure without caring about the strength of its members, is not enough.
Ground Motion Observation of Sabah Earthquakes on the Use of Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) Ground-Motion Models
Authors: Harith N S H , Ramadhansyah P J , Adiyanto M I , Ramli N I
Published: February 2021

Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are being used for the estimation of the ground motion parameters which are needed for the design and evaluation of important structures. The seismic hazard may contribute greatly to the total risk; therefore the selection of appropriate GMPEs may have a substantial influence on the design and safety evaluation. For low-seismicity areas, however, the available database of strong ground motion measurements is limited, with determination of an appropriate GMPE been a rather difficult task. The objective of this study is to evaluate the next generation attenuation (NGA) ground-motion models to be applied in Sabah region. In this study, six next generation attenuation (NGA) models have been selected to be evaluated. The representation of all NGA models, are compared with the Sabah ground motion database comprises 209 two horizontal-component acceleration time series recorded within 10 to 1000 km of source to site distances for 173 earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M
W
) ranging between 3.0–6.0. The comparisons are made using analyses of root of the mean square (RMS) and residuals. Two GMPEs present better residual fits than other models with smaller RMS value and indicates better estimation of the peak ground acceleration (PGA). Based on these findings, it is recommended on using the NGA relations for seismic hazard assessment of Sabah.
Prediction of Flexural Behavior of Woven Reinforced for Concrete Reinforcement
Authors: Zulkarnain M , Mukhtar Z Z , Khosim N A Md , Ramadhansyah P J , Adiyanto M I , Mohd Haziman W I
Published: February 2021

Plain concrete possesses very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Fibers glass-reinforced concrete supposed to improve the strain properties well as crack resistance, ductility, as flexural strength and toughness. This paper aims to predict the flexural behavior of fiber-glass reinforced concrete and optimize the beam design by applying woven layer in M35 grade concrete using finite element method. The several techniques were implemented to study flexural performance, woven position on bottom, middle and upper surface and several woven thickness layers employed to investigate flexural performance such as 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm for beam size of 100 × 100 × 500 mm. It found that the flexural strength increased by positioned the woven on the bottom side and it given the improvement in designing when the layer thickness of fiber varied. It is because the fiber usually reduces the brittleness of concrete by providing post cracking ductility and increase toughness. The difference flexural strength between 50mm and 40mm thickness of fiberglass is about 1.29%.
Newly Developed Aggregate Gradation for Five Asean Countries
Authors: Jasni N E , Masri K A , Ramadhansyah P J , Mohammed A A , Mohamed Jaafar Z F , Mashros N
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the new aggregate gradation of the porous asphalt (PA) mixture in five Asean countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The PA aggregate gradation need to be developed as it may suit all of the countries and the air voids content for Asean countries can be standardized. This study was carried out to investigate the air voids properties. Several aggregate testing should be conducted in order to get the new porous asphalt aggregate gradation that suits all Asean countries. Sieve analysis test was conducted to see the patterns of the aggregate gradation curve. Sieve analysis test were tested three times for each of the countries to get the best average. The results were then plotted in one graph for all countries to be evaluated. From the analysis, Singapore specification started with 0.075mm, followed by 0.15mm, 0.3mm, o.6mm and 2.36mm are seems to have all the criteria in terms of aggregate gradations for fine aggregate and the rest are from Thailand aggregate specification for lower line while for upper line, Vietnam specifications were proved to have all the criteria within all five countries gradations.
A review on nanomaterials as additive in asphalt binder
Authors: Masri K A , Nur Syafiqah S M Z , Seman M A , Ramadhansyah P J , Yaacob H , Mashros N
Published: February 2021

Nowadays pavement tends to experience extra loadings and deteriorates faster than expected. There are various ways that has been done in order to withstand permanent deterioration such as adding fibers, polymers and waste materials. Some shows a good enhancement in the terms of fatigue life and dynamic creep. Nanotechnology is being expanded in the highway area thus, nanomaterials such as nano silica, nano clay, iron oxide nanoparticles and others are being incorporated in asphalt as modifier or additives. Some of the nanomaterials improves the mechanical performance of asphalt mixture and increase fatigue life. This review paper discusses the advantages of using nanomaterials in asphalt as an additive
Volumetric Properties and Abrasion Resistance of Stone Mastic Asphalt Incorporating Eggshell Powder
Authors: Masri K A , Ganesan E , Ramadhansyah P J , Doh S I , Jasni N E , Al-Saffar Z H , Mohammed A A
Published: February 2021

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is designed to improve durability and life span of road pavement through the use of a stable stone-on-stone skeleton held together by a rich mixture of asphalt. However, over time the structure is subjected to damage from cracking, rutting, stripping and rapid aging under the effects of repeated vehicle loading, hot climates and heavy rainfall. Previous studies proved that eggshell is capable to enhance the strength and durability of concrete. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of these stone mastic asphalt mixtures with the eggshell powder and overcome the issue that is related to SMA. A mixture contains varying percentages of eggshell powder were assessed to check which samples gives the best performance as per the requirement by using laboratory tests which are LA Abrasion and volumetric properties. Results indicated that eggshell powder can effectively recover and enhance abrasion resistance of asphalt and increases the marshal stability of SMA. SMA mixtures modified with eggshell powder produce the performance enhancement of SMA as a road surfacing material. It is concluded that the asphalt mixtures containing eggshell powder could be increases the stability and strength of the mix.
Predication of nano-silica modified porous asphalt under dynamic creep by using finite element analysis
Authors: Al-Aidaros A Z , Masri K A , Ramadhansyah P J , Yaacob H , Norhidayah A H , Mohd Warid M N
Published: February 2021

In areas with heavy rainfall, the conventional pavement may not be suitable due to low drainage capability. This will cause to a storm failure. To solve this, Porous asphalt (PA) is one of the innovative asphalts that can significantly overcome the issue of storm-water problem. The high air voids content characteristic of PA compares with conventional pavement in Malaysia is very suitable in managing the storm-water. However, PA suffers a few problems such as decrement of strength and tensile strength due to high air voids content which lead to permanent deformation. In order to enhance the performance of PA against the permanent deformation an additive material used to increase the strength of the PA called Nano-silica particles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dynamic creep of Nano-silica modified PA by developing a finite element analysis (FEA) model. Moreover, this study the dynamic creep performance of porous asphalt with different proportion of Nano-silica particles 0%, 2% and 4% was predicted. A finite element model will be simulated by using ABAQUS 6.14 software for the PA sample in order to achieve the objectives of the study. From this study it was concluded that, the develop model was reliable use to predict the performance of PA in terms of dynamic creep and the utilizing of Nano-silica in PA mixture result changes in the rheological properties of the asphalt binder which lead to an enhancement of its performance against the permanent deformation.
The influence of nano kaolin clay as alternative binder on the penetration properties
Authors: Norhidayah A H , Ismail C R , Al-Saffar Z H , Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A , Muzamir H , Wan Azahar W N A
Published: February 2021

In the last decade or so, nanomaterials have emerged as the potential solution to greatly enhance the properties of binder with the purpose of improving the performance of asphalt mixture. Due to that, this study evaluates the influence of nano kaolin clay as alternative binder on the penetration properties. The penetration test, penetration index and penetration-viscosity number were conducted in modifying the binder with the percentage of NKC are 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%, accordingly. The test results showed that the penetration values of modified binder slightly decreased when compared to the controlled binder. On the other hand, the PI and PVN values significantly increase with the NKC content increased.
Strength and Chloride Penetration Performance of Concrete Using Coal Bottom Ash as Coarse and Fine Aggregate Replacement
Authors: Zaimi M N S , Ariffin N F , Syed Mohsin S M , Abdul Shukor Lim N H , Mat Yahaya F , Muthusamy K , Wan Ahmad S
Published: February 2021

Since 1987, Malaysia had used coal as a product to generate electricity. One of the main or the largest power plant in Malaysia is Tanjung Bin power plant at kukup, Johor. As a coal-based power plant, tonnes of coal bottom ash had been burned every day and the waste is wasted without specific economic benefit. Other than that, the waste generated are dangerous as it involved in environmental risk such as landfill ash reservoir. Therefore, this paper presents one of the alternative ways to manage the coal waste by cooperative it into concrete. This research study focuses on strength and durability performance of the concrete containing coal bottom ash as a coarse and fine aggregates replacement. The tests conducted was workability on fresh concrete, compressive strength test and chloride penetration test in 5% sodium chloride. The results show that the concrete containing coal bottom ash has low workability compare with normal concrete without coal bottom ash. Compressive strength test with coal bottom ash resulted higher than normal concrete. In chloride solution, the concrete containing coal bottom ash replacement shows better performance compare to normal concrete. Thus, it can be concluded that by using coal bottom ash in concrete as fine and coarse aggregates replacement, the performance in term of strength and chloride resistance are better compare to normal concrete. On the other hand, by using it in concrete, the waste generated dump in landfill can be reduced.
The Influence of PelletRAP™ Rejuvenator on the Mechanical Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Al-Saffar Z H , Yaacob H , Mohd Satar M K I , Shah Rull N S , Jaya R P , Mohamed A , Hassan N A , Warid M N M
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) resulted from asphalt milling process has been widely increased for economic and environmental reasons. However, RAP mixtures have undesired characteristics, such as higher stiffness and low flexibility. In this case, the rejuvenators should be used for restoring the properties of RAP which were lost during service life. In the present research, the mechanical properties of 100% RAP incorporating various percentages of PelletRAP™ rejuvenator were evaluated via stability, flow, stiffness, indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture damage and Cantabro loss measurements. The results showed that the rejuvenated mixtures containing 4% of PelletRAP™ exhibited better performance in terms of stability, cracking and moisture damage resistance, as well as durability, compared with virgin mixtures. Thus, it can be concluded that 100% RAP can be renovated and re-used in the pavement if it is mixed with an appropriate prescription of PelletRAP™. The proposed of incorporating PelletRAP™ with RAP is beneficial in the improvement of sustainability and cost-efficiency of the asphalt mixtures industry.
Effect of Environmental Exposure on the Cooling Rate of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Badruddin I , Abdul Hassan N , Mahmud M Z H , Ismail S , Putra Jaya R , Oleiwi Aletba S R , Hainin M R
Published: February 2021

Temperature is one of the major factors that affect the compactability and mechanical performance of asphalt pavement. Therefore, the cooling rate variability of asphalt due to various surrounding conditions and aggregate surface areas is crucial to achieving proper compaction. This study focused on the effect of environmental exposure on the cooling rate and available time for compaction of the asphalt mixtures (AC10 and AC14). Several factors, such as base and ambient temperatures, daytime and nighttime, solar flux, and wind speed, were considered in the evaluation of the cooling curve. A few loose samples were prepared and grouped as covered (with canvas) and uncovered during the monitoring process. The time and temperature of both samples were monitored during the day and night, starting after the mixing process and ending at 80 °C. Results reveal that the cooling rate of asphalt mixtures is undoubtedly affected by the surrounding factors. The use of canvas and coarse aggregate gradation could retain the heat and minimize the wind and solar flux effects, thus increasing the available time for compaction or lengthening the cooling time. In addition, the cooling rate tends to increase during nighttime compared with daytime exposure.
Implementation of clustering unsupervised learning using K-Means mapping techniques
Authors: Abbas Aries , Prayitno Pungkas , Butarbutar Florida , Nurkim N , Prumanto Denny , Dewadi Fathan Mubina , Hidayati Nur , Windarto Agus Perdana
Published: February 2021

The manufacturing sector is one of the major contributors to the Indonesian economy. Human work is still needed on the production floor in the manufacturing industry to ensure a smooth operation. This study explores the use of unregulated learning clustering techniques in data mining in the form of clusters of employees in the production industry. The data collection process is carried out through a survey conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (abbreviated as the BPS) with Url: https:/www.bps.go.id in Large Medium Industries and Micro & Small Industries. The statistics used include 24 industrial classifications, with the number of manufacturing employees in the 2017-2019 industry as a percentage. The unregulated technique of learning clustering is k-means. The Large Cluster (E1) and the Low Cluster are the two labels used (E2). The Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) parameter with a dbi value of 0,929 was used to evaluate the cluster (k=2). The findings showed five manufacturing sectors of the high cluster in 5 cluster and 19 manufacturing sectors of the small cluster in 0 cluster. For each cluster the centroid value is 1.67; 1.64; 1.592 (cluster 1/E1) and 0.348; 0.343; 0.3447 (cluster 0/E2), respectively. The research findings will inform the government to improve labour absorption, which will reduce the unemployment rate by substantial numbers in each manufacturing industry.
Concepts of e-learning performance on system use outcomes in Omani Universities
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M , Romli Awanis , Sideiri Abir Al , Malik Sohail Iqbal , Jabbar Jasiya
Published: February 2021

The higher education institutions and organizations continuously needs improvement and development of the e-learning model used through the learning process. These HEI required improving teacher-student communication through the e-learning model. This study investigates the influence of enhancing the collaborated factors of e-learning model use with teacher experience factor to enhance universities’ performance and the system used as outcome services available to all learners. This study aims to identify the concepts of e-learning model factors and the hypotheses links among them. The primary purpose is to develop an educated theoretical e-learning model from the use of Moodle as one of the e-learning systems. This model shows a significant effect and positively work in the suggested hypotheses and factors used through the combined work of official attending classes with an online way of communication. The problem here is the complexity of linking elements. Therefore, this paper overcomes this difficulty and speed up the complete e-learning process in a different manner. For this study, 21 constructed items of the educational survey given to Al-Buraimi College undergraduates in Oman. The finding reveals the positive acceptance of teacher experience factor as a cheerful effect moderator in any e-learning model use.
Data mining using filtering approaches and ensemble methods
Authors: Fabrianne Syifa Faradilla , Triayudi Agung , Sholihati Ira Diana
Published: February 2021

To develop a prediction paradigm, ensemble methods such as boosting based on the heuristic system can be used. Compared to using individual classifiers, the prediction results using ensemble learning techniques are usually more accurate. In this study, several ensemble techniques were discussed to obtain comprehensive knowledge about key methods. Among the various ensemble methods, a boosting mechanism has been implemented to predict student achievement. Because the ensemble method is considered an actual event in a prediction and classification, the boosting technique is used to develop an accurate predictive pedagogical model. The utilization of this boosting technique is based on the nature of each method proposed in educational data mining. By using the ensemble method and filtering approach, the predictions of student performance showed a substantial increase.
Electronic counseling applications using framework code igniter
Authors: Devianto Yudo , Munaldi Munaldi
Published: February 2021

This research includes students, the counseling teacher concerned, and student guardians. In addition to related campuses, the world can also be a reference for the same institution to use the results of this research, so that the scientific benefits of this research can be felt by many people which can have an impact on time savings, distance and reduce the use of paper to record student counseling. In this study, we will make an application that can be interpreted between counseling and counseling participants, where counseling participant data can be recorded correctly, and the data can be used to monitor the progress of the counseling participants themselves with counseling. The problems in this study are 1. The absence of applications that can help record the current counseling process, 2. Difficulties in finding data about counseling participants, who have done previous counseling, 3. The desire to reduce the use of printed materials. So the purpose of this research is to create applications that can process data and store counseling participant data that can be used with counseling, applications that will be made web-based, and applications made using the PHP programming language, with MySQL databases and web-based sites using the Code igniter framework, and we call this application E-Counseling.
Classification of critical thinking in mathematics using particle swarm optimization based neural network algorithms
Authors: Purnamasari Ade Irma , Anwar Saeful , Martanto  , Faqih Ahmad , Nuris Nisa Dienwati
Published: February 2021

Critical thinking in mathematics can be defined as the processes and abilities used to understand concepts, apply, synthesize and evaluate the information generated. Critical thinking in mathematics is a skill for higher order thinking. It is understood that logical thought plays a part in spiritual growth, social progress, behavioral growth, cognitive development and science progress. This study aims to classify critical thinking skills. The method used to determine the classification of critical thinking skills is to use the Neural Network algorithm. A method which has the potential to classify structured data is the neural network. In this study, a neural network algorithm model was developed. A technology that has the potential to identify structured data is the neural network. In this study, a neural network algorithm model was created. With this neural network model, it can be seen the classification of critical thinking skills. The amount of data used as data in this analysis was 150 in the form of school data and as many as 40 measures were measured in the form of math scores. On the basis of the research results, it was found that the neural network model based on Particle Swarm Optimization achieved an accuracy value of up to 93.33 percent with a 2 percent variance, tested using the k-cross-validation method.
Sentiment analysis of COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia using Naïve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Pristiyono  , Ritonga Mulkan , Ihsan Muhammad Ali Al , Anjar Agus , Rambe Fauziah Hanum
Published: February 2021

As of January 2021, with 2,066,175 deaths, 95,612,831 confirmed cases have been reported globally. Indonesia’s COVID-19 Task Force report shows that there are currently 27,203 deaths, with reported cases exceeding 951,651, among the highest in Asia. The President of the Republic of Indonesia created a national team to speed up the production of vaccines for COVID-19. It stipulates that the government will arrange the provision, delivery, and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines. The vaccination scheme would then become the pros and cons of Indonesian society. This research assesses the opinion of the Indonesian people through a social network analysis of the COVID-19 vaccine in January 2021. We used sentiment analysis using Naïve Bayes Algorithm by crawling Twitter data with ‘Vaccine COVID-19’ as keywords. We perform the data crawling process manually using the access token received from the Twitter API using the Rapid miner tools to extract the requested information and data. Data crawling continued with the Drone Emprit Academic Streaming Public Twitter Tool because of limited manual crawling resulting in more than 6000 tweets related to selected keywords on January 15-22, 2021. The result of sentiment measurement with over 3.4 thousand negative tweets (56%), over 2.4 thousand positive tweets (39%), and the remaining 301 tweets (1%) was neutral during the period of the week.
Agile information-based framework for flood management
Authors: Saad Mohamad Firdaus Mat , Latif Aliza Abdul , Othman Marini
Published: February 2021

Flood management is another area of a complex environment where the managing process is extremely complicated. This is due to the uncontrollable aspects arise during the event including flood status, agency responsibilities, media coverage, and other unexpected activities. While the execution process taking place, the accuracy of the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) implementation is worrying about the management. Researchers in the area of flood management have shared common worries concerning on execution of flood management plans which are (1) poor learning curve of matters pertaining to the handling of floods; (2) poor management of after-the-flood and (3) complexities of risk analysis and assessment related to the flood. Therefore, the objective of the study is to improve exiting SOP in terms of agility over its governance that needs to be revised for better planning and preparedness while dealing with flood disasters. Hence, an Agile Information-Based Framework for Flood Management was proposed as a solution to justify the concerns by using thematic analysis methodology from the data gathered via interviews, document studies, literature reviews and site visits.
Car Cabin Cooling System Using Solar Energy
Authors: Rifky  , Heriyani Oktarina
Published: February 2021

Recent Car cabin cooling system works while the car is running or the engine is started. When the car stops or the car park is turned off, the cooling system automatically does not work and the cabin space becomes hot. In principle, the cooling system works by absorbing heat from the cooling room, as the cooling system that uses solar energy. In this study, solar energy is used to be converted into electrical energy which is then used in the car cabin cooling system. This study aims to obtain the maximum heat absorption where the minimum temperature in the car cabin is obtained. This research was a combination of three systems, namely the solar cell system, the thermoelectric system, and the cooling system itself. Solar and thermoelectric cells were placed on top of the car’s cabin, which is a cool chamber. On the upper side of the inside of the cooling chamber, a heatsink was used to get as much heat absorption as possible. The heatsink was attached to the cold side of the thermoelectric, while the hot side of the thermoelectric was closed so that the temperature can be controlled. Solar cells that face direct sunlight throughout the day (measurement time from morning to evening) would convert solar energy into electrical energy. Through a thermoelectric cooling system that is supplied with electrical energy from solar cells, the cooling system underneath would absorb the surrounding heat where the temperature of the cooling room would decrease in turn. The results showed that the cooling room conditions were as follows, namely the coefficient of performance (CoP) obtained by the cold room was 0.042 and the lowest temperature that could be reached was 25.60 oC.
Degradation of the retroreflectivity and diffuse illumination of thermoplastic pavement markings: a case study in Thailand
Authors: Thanasupsin Kittichai , Sukniam Satis
Published: February 2021

Pavement marking is an essential task of road construction and maintenance. Pavement markings are beneficial because they provide information regarding the road alignment and road conditions ahead. To fully utilize their benefits, the retroreflectivity (RL30) and diffuse illumination (QD30) of pavement markings need to be above a minimum threshold. The degradation of RL30 and QD30 depends on several factors, such as the traffic exposure, age of the pavement marking, and weather. This research investigated the reflective efficiency of thermoplastics on an asphaltic concrete pavement marking with a glass bead rate of 359 to 553 grams per square meter. The reflective data were collected at the beginning of a period of eight months at two-week intervals. The factors that have a statistically significant effect on the pavement marking RL30 and QD30 include the traffic exposure and pavement marking position. The dirt coating on top of the marking is the most crucial factor that temporarily deteriorates the retroreflectivity, which can recover to some degree by rainfall.