bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Institutional Capacity on the Competitiveness of TVET Institutions in Nyeri County
Authors: Kahiga Edward , Kibaara Tarsilla , Gichohi Paul Maku
Published: February 2025

The contemporary labour market and the growing self-employment sector demand a workforce with diverse skills, prompting changes in the training and education landscape at TVET institutions. Despite significant reforms and a regulatory framework, TVET institutions in Kenya, including those in Nyeri County, need to catch up in developing competitive capability. The research aimed to assess the influence of institutional capacity on the competitiveness of TVET institutions. The theory of dynamic capability and balanced scorecard model informed this research. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, employing a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. The target population comprised 35 principals, 475 department heads and 315 student leaders from 35 TVET institutions in Nyeri County. A sample size of 11 principals, 11 student leaders, and 176 HODs was drawn from 11 TVET institutions. A systematic sampling technique was utilized to select the number of participating TVETs from Nyeri County, while HODS, principals, and student leaders from each sampled TVET institute were selected purposely. The tools for data collection included questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, the quality of which was assured by checking validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics and inferential techniques were applied to quantitative data, while themes were generated from qualitative data. The study established a clear relationship between institutional capacity and competitiveness, indicating that enhancing internal capabilities is significant for the competitive positioning of TVET institutions. However, findings revealed inadequate workshops, technology infrastructure, computer labs, and libraries. The study underscores the need for substantial investment in physical infrastructure, including modern seminar halls, laboratories, computer facilities, and libraries. TVETs should invest in developing these facilities, upgrading technology, and subscribing to e-resources to increase learner engagement and support. Other measures recommended for supporting institutional capacities included up-to-date learning materials, staff training and professional development programs.
Effects Of Work Ethics Practices On Performance Of Health Workers: A Case Of Coast General Teaching And Referral Hospital
Authors: Bruba Mercy Mapemba , Njoroge Kezia , Muiruri Lillian
Published: February 2025

The goal of this study was to see how work ethics norms affected the performance of healthcare professionals at Coast General Teaching and Referral Hospital (CGTRH). The variables reviewed included: accountability, teamwork, commitment and interpersonal relationships and their influence on performance of health workers at CGTRH. The employee risk triangle and job design theories drove the research. The health workers in CGTRH were the target group. To arrive at a sample size of 219 health workers, the researcher utilized stratified random sampling and simple random procedures. A questionnaire was used to collect raw data that was coded into SPSS version 25. Multiple regressions and bivariate logistical analyses were employed to this study and helped to evaluate the connection that exists between the study variables. The study concluded that accountability, teamwork, employee commitment and interpersonal relationships greatly influenced the employee performance at the CGTRH. The independent variables in the study influenced 61.1% of the employee performance at the CGTRH. The study concluded that the health workers are working together towards delivering quality healthcare in the hospital and that they were steady in undertaking activities connected to their jobs. Teamwork by the health workers boosts productivity, and division of labor which allowed the employees to be placed on roles they are best in, was practiced in in the facility. The health workers have a desire to remain part of the hospital, and the turnover rate in the hospital was low. Interpersonal relationships had a direct effect on the organization culture and that it was important for coaching in the hospital. From the bivariate logistical analysis, the study concluded that accountability had the least significance and influence on the employee performance with a significant value of .048, while employee commitment and interpersonal relationships had the highest, with a significant value of 0.000
Principals’ Transformational Leadership Practices and Quality of Education in Secondary Schools in Kiambu County
Authors: Kihanga Nancy W. Kariuki , Gichohi Paul Maku , Kathuri Nephat
Published: February 2025

Quality education is critical in secondary schools where learners are prepared to transit to the labour market or to pursue higher education. It has been argued that secondary school principals play an important role in the provision of quality education in schools. However, with the deteriorating academic performance standards in secondary schools in Kenya, particularly in the resource endowed counties such as Kiambu County, concerns are rising on whether the principals’ leadership practices could be the key to unlocking the provision of quality education, and hence, improved academic performance. The objective of this paper, therefore, was to investigate principals’ transformational leadership practices and their effect on the quality of education in secondary schools in the area. Descriptive survey design was used targeting 240 teachers and students who were randomly selected from 120 schools using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the teachers and students. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, as well as inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the principals’ leadership practices significantly influenced quality of secondary education in Kiambu County. The study concludes that the principals tend to exhibit transformational leadership styles that was instrumental in the provision of quality education, and also shaping both teachers and students perception on quality education. The study recommends that transformational leadership practices be adopted by the schools’ leadership at all levels to increase individualized attention to the learners which translates to improved learning outcomes
Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) Implementation: Expected Challenges on Sports Talent Pillar for University Education in Kenya
Authors: Kubai James Taitumu , Mwangi Peter Wanderi , Owiti Beatrice
Published: February 2025

Extensive studies have been done on nexus between university education and students’ sports talent development. These studies have revealed that university education is a crucial factor influencing development of students’ talents in elite sports. Lack of focused institutional policy to integrate academics and students’ sports talent development through university education can be a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the challenges in integrating academics and students’ sports talent development in the university education in Kenya. The country is phasing out the 8-4-4 education system to embrace 2-6-3-3-3 Competency Based Curriculum. The embraced curriculum has included talent pillar on sports as an academic pathway in the senior secondary and university education levels. The study adopted systems theory and focused on input, process and output approach. Survey and interview schedules were the main techniques that were used to collect data. The response rate was 93.6% of the targeted sample. Qualitative data was analyzed to identify the challenges so as to come up with interventions to support the implementation of the sports talent pillar in the embraced Competency Based Curriculum for university education. Based on results, the study revealed that, the current elite sports management in the universities has a weak link in integrating academics and students sports talent development. Flexible academic structures, funding of sports, training and competition opportunities should be improved in order to support effective implementation of sports talent pillar as embraced by the Competency Based Curriculum in the university education in Kenya
Developing and Growing the Church Through Missionary Work: A Case of Methodist Church in Kenya
Authors: Kinoti Mary , Nteere Nicholas Mutwiri
Published: February 2025

Developing and growing the church requires great commitment, zeal, and passion. This obligation requires a group of individuals determined to promote a local incarnation of the body of Christ through themselves. In order to develop and grow the church, misionaries need to espouse the discernment of spiritual endowments of the congregation, and inspire them to use these gifts in planting of churches. This initiative affirms the centrality of missionary work in developing and growing the church. The Methodist Church started planting Churches in Kenya 150 years ago. Eventually,  the Methodist Church in Kenya (MCK) became autonomous. Since then, the Church has grown in different parts of the country. This  growth is attributable to the motivation of missionary work that has led to the planting of churches in rural and urban areas. Missionary work during the days of early Christianity was very effective in establishing the basis for the present Christian practice. However, over time, the church seems to have abandoned missionary work in their quest to develop and grow the church. Nonetheless, the Methodist Church in  Kenya has used different strategies to  grow the church. These strategies need to be evaluated in line with biblical foundations and relevant  literature. Thus, this article explores the use of missionary work in developing and growing the church. The article adopted a qualitative approach. Data  was collected from secondary sources, and analyzed through themes and patterns. The findings indicate that missionary work is the sine qua non or integral part for church growth. The study recommends that the church sustains missionary work, since through the missionary work, communities and the entire world will be changed for God
ANTIFUNGAL STUDY AGAINST CURVULARIA SP. FROM UNCARIAGAMBIR ROXB LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Rexi Iswanto  , Dodi Iskandar  , Zaenal Mutaqin  , Muliani  , Danie Indra Yama
Published: February 2025

Isomitrafoline and Speciophylline show the strongest general Anesthetic (92.2) compared to other ligands. This study aims to determine the effect of gambir leaf extract on the growth of Curvularia sp. fungus and the concentration of extract that can inhibit 50% of the growth of fungal colonies. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 variations of extract concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), each repeated 6 times. The results showed that the highest concentration of gambir leaf extract in inhibiting fungal growth was at a concentration of 15%. LC 50% analysis revealed that the concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition was 118.16%, indicating that the effectiveness of the extract against Curvularia sp. fungus is low or less toxic
Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: M Shabbir M Sohil , Imran Kalam Shaikh , Khan Dr. G.J. , Md Moiz Shaikh , Aman Shaikh
Published: February 2025

Paul Ehrlich's idea of a "magic bullet" has evolved into Nano medicine. In order to circumvent the particular harmful effect of traditional drug distribution, targeted drug delivery reduces the amount of drug needed for therapeutic efficacy by delivering the drug moiety directly to the specified body location (organ, cellular, and subcellular level of specific tissue). The idea of a "magic bullet" was developed to achieve this aim, and after more than a century of research, scientists created a number of devices that are nanometers in size, which is known as "Nano medicine." Among the carrier systems being studied include polymers, cellular/subcellular systems, and colloidal (vesicular and multi particulate) carriers. The necessity and advantages of targeting, along with its basic ideas, techniques, and carrier systems, are covered in this article.
Overview on Medicinal Herbs Used for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gunjarge Ms. Sakshi , Lohiya Mr. Gopal , Satpute Dr. Kranti
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells proliferate in the body. It is a group of various diseases involving uncontrolled multiplication and division of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cells form malignant growths which called neoplasm. Nowadays, cancer considered as one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and its mortality is increasing. It is necessary to investigate new strategies to prevent and treat disease. Herbal medicines block critical biochemical pathways converting normal cells to cancer cells for treatment. Herbal medicines block signal transduction in cancer which is a primary channel. By such as controlling nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway. Protein tyrosine kinase pathway. and mitogen-activated protein kinases signal pathways. The various study reported that people with cancer commonly use herbal products because of no side effects on healthy cells. Herbal medicine is one of the most widely used alternative therapies by people with cancer. Clinically proven herbal remedies help to prevent or relieve the symptoms of cancer or treatment side effects by a conventional method. We have discussed various medicinal herbs found in India which have the potential to be used in cancer therapy. This present review will focus on the different medicinal plants containing chemical constituents used in the treatment of cancer with their possible mechanism of action.
Editorial Lighthouse Sympolism and Philosophy For Law, Economics And Public Policy
Authors: Sithole Ellen
Published: February 2025

Editorial Lighthouse Sympolism and Philosophy For Law, Economics And Public Policy
Capacity Building of Mentors in the Mentoring of Trainee Teachers
Authors: Madzore Rosemary , REMBE SYMPHOROSA
Published: February 2025

This study examined the capacity building of mentors in the mentoring of trainee teachers as a way of improving mentors’ practices. The study employed the interpretive paradigm and used the qualitative approach and case study research design. Purposive sampling was used to select 27 participants perceived as rich informants. These participants included six mentors, 15 trainee teachers, five college lecturers, two lecturers from the teaching practice office, three senior lecturers in charge and one university lecturer who is a link person between the college and the Department of Teacher Education at the University of Zimbabwe. Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews, focus groups and document analysis. It emerged from the study that mentors were not at all being trained to become mentors, therefore, mentors needed to be trained before the mentorship programme. The study revealed that most mentors depended on the knowledge they attained from college when they were training as teachers and a few from school staff development programmes. Thus, there was a gap in the capacity building of mentors and mentor selection.
The Role of Peace Education on Reconciliation in Zimbabwe
Authors: TABINGA VENGAI
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the role of peace education in the reconciliation of divided societies and seeks to establish the influence of reconciliation education on the attainment of the coexistence of divided societies due to politically motivated violence. The study seeks to unearth the role of peace education in a divided society; the extent to which peace education has contributed to the reconciliation of polarised societies in the country; and the best approach to bring closure to societies that have experienced politically motivated violence in Zimbabwe. The inductive research approach, qualitative paradigm and case study design were used in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants drawn from the Harare Urban District. The study established that peace education, theoretically, has a constructive role in the reconciliation of divided societies; However, because of partisan dissemination, it has, inadvertently, assumed a divisive role. The study further established that not much has been done through peace education to promote reconciliation owing to the lack of a universal curriculum and the failure to implement peace education from primary to university level education. In addition, the study notes that non-formal peace education was not being monitored, thus political parties, civil society organisations (CSOs) and faith-based organisations (FBOs) were abusing it for different agendas.
Urban Expansion and its Impact on Wastewater Management in Masvingo Town,Zimbabwe: Designing for Resilience
Authors: ZINGI GODWIN K
Published: February 2025

Rapid urban expansion has had a negative bearing on wastewater management and sanitation in developing countries, hence there is need for robust and efficient on-site sanitation facilities. The study sought to evaluate the urban expansion and its impact on wastewater management in a developing country case of Masvingo Town, Zimbabwe. The study objectives included investigating the impact of rapid urbanisation on the design capacity of the centralised wastewater treatment plant, characterisation of on-site sanitation technologies in newly built areas against the sanitation standards and to identify the impact of on-site sanitation technologies on the environment. Key informant interviews, questionnaires and secondary laboratory data on biological oxygen demand (BOD5) were used to collect the data. The population equivalence was used to determine the impact of rapid urbanisation on wastewater efficiency. Results indicate that a population equivalence of 282.86 BOD shows a decline in the efficiency of the wastewater facility that is affecting aquatic species along the Shagashe River. From a sample of 96 respondents, results indicate that onsite sanitation facilities are dominant in newly built residential areas, with limited sewerage networks and erratic supplies of water. The city is building resilience around on-site sanitation facilities within the realm of Water and Sanitation.
Illegal Settlers on Urban Land Law and the Quest for Urban Development Sanitisation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Mabhodyera Gamaliel
Published: February 2025

Rapid urbanisation has tumbled over the past decades and has led to settlement in the urban sphere being regarded as illegal. The article contributes to the on-going debate on which should override the other, the legalisation of illegal settlements or the quest for urban sanitisation. The article understands sanitisation to mean development, especially that of attaining an upper middle-income economy. Different governments have undertaken different ways of solving urban settlement challenges. They have hinted that such settlements should comply with the law. The study focuses on how the government has responded in times of urban illegal settlement. The purpose of the research is to contribute to the stock of knowledge on how illegal settlements have increased over the past years and the solutions needed to address the issue thereafter. The article draws inferences also from the position of the law regarding illegal settlements.
The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on farmer input supply in small-scale maize production in Mashonaland east province Zimbabwe
Authors: MUTASA FADZAI , MUNYAVHI ARCHEFORD , CHIRISA INNOCENT
Published: February 2025

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine created economic impacts felt across the whole world and has high potential to derail the economic outlook for Zimbabwe among many other countries that heavily depend on imports. Starting in early 2022, fertiliser prices rose almost 30% due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this study, the effect of the RussiaUkraine conflict on the cost of maize inputs, maize productivity and profitability of maize production was evaluated in Chikomba District, located within Mashonaland East Province for the 2021-2022 and 2022- 2023 maize growing seasons. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 385 participants derived from the conversion of a standard deviation of 0.5 at a 95% confidence level into a z-score. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from the participants. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) and gross margin budget analysis were used to evaluate the profitability of maize production. Out of the five explanatory variables that had a significant impact on maize productivity, AN use had the most significant effect in both seasons, 2021/22 and 2022/23, with (B=0.575, p=0.025) and (B=0544, p=0.025), respectively. Given that the Russia-Ukraine conflict period was characterised by exorbitant AN price increases that reduced affordability by many smallholder farmers across Zimbabwe, it therefore, means that the conflict has had a negative impact on maize productivity by farmers. This is due to the use of a lower fertiliser rate in response to the 57% and 71% price hike in basal and top-dressing fertiliser, respectively, lowering the yield/productivity of maize, meaning that there will be less maize to sell for covering costs and making a profit. The reduction in input levels lowered both the cost of production and the potential yield that could be produced for the market. There is need for further study aimed at  developing solutions that enhance the farmers‟ resilience to the effects of conflict on input prices, productivity and profitability of maize production
Agricultural productivity enhancement on land Challenges, options and strategies in Zimbabwe
Authors: CHIMBARI FREDDY
Published: February 2025

Land productivity enhancement remains a pipeline dream in the African agrarian landscape as climate change continues to ravage the continent with most of the countries in dire need of productivity improvement as populations are food insecure and disproportionately vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The post-colonial African state has addressed the land issue through land reform, but the regained land remains unproductive or less productive than it was before causing the quest for land productivity enhancement strategies clearer than before. The article critically examines the strategies and options of the farmers in Zimbabwe on land productivity enhancement amid the vagaries of climate change that are transforming land into barren land. The study was guided by the climate-smart agriculture concept as the conceptual framework that attempts to reduce the impacts of climate change while, improving productivity in the agricultural sector. The study adopted a qualitative methodology with a bias towards the case study research design. The study used secondary data as the source of data gathering. The study found that lack of institutional support is the main challenge encountered in enhancing land productivity. The study revealed that climate-smart agriculture has become one of the strategies to improve productivity and reduce crop failure through the growing of small grains that are drought resistant. The study concluded that climate-smart agriculture can be the only way towards land productivity enhancement. The study recommends the inclusion of technology-based agricultural productivity enhancement strategies.
Small Livestock Rearing as A Mitigation Against the Vagaries of Climate Change Impacts in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: CHIVANDIRE CHRISTINE , MADYA FELIX , NDEMO NYASHA , CHIRISA HALLELUAH
Published: February 2025

This chapter critically examines the adoption of livestock rearing in Zimbabwe as mitigation measure against the adverse impacts of climate change in the rural areas. Climate change has proved to be a major challenge to the sustainability of rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe which are more dependent on agriculture hence the production of small livestock is a mitigation measure for sustaining rural households in the countryside where the effects of climate change are severe. This study is centred on how small livestock rearing can be a panacea to the impacts of climate change in the rural areas of Zimbabwe. Document and literature review was used to collect and gather information presented in this study. Various existing documents were reviewed for the purpose of this study and both qualitative and quantitative data was generated, presented and critically analysed. The results indicates that the adaptation of small livestock rearing has already began in the country as noted by their production in most parts of Matebeleland and Masvingo Province respectively. It can be argued that in as much small livestock rearing is a hedge against climate change effects in rural areas there is still limited information on how these are kept and their various breeds as well as the diseases that attack them and their treatment. Farmers still lack enough knowledge with regards to small livestock which is limiting its production and adaptation in the country. The study recommends the education of farmers on various diseases and the availability of medicines for treatment close to farmers. The study proposes coordination of the government, rural farmers and non-governmental organisation in raising awareness and fostering the adaptation of small livestock farming.
The Herbicidal Activity of Spider Plant, Cleome Gynandra L., Plant Tissue on Weeds in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) and Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum)
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Chihobvu Farai Shelton , `Ngadze Elizabeth , Mabasa Stanford , Handiseni Maxwell
Published: February 2025

The indiscriminate use of synthetic fumigants is hazardous to farmers, consumers and the environment at large. This provided an interest in, and research on, biofumigation using different spider plant, Cleome gynandra, plant tissue on weeds in the laboratory and field trials. Two different biofumigant crops (green and purple spider plant) and four weed species (Rottetboelia cocchinensis, Setaria verticillata, Amaranthus hybridus and Bidens pilosa) were studied as model organisms in the laboratory. The other set of experiments was done in the field and inoculated with various weed species. In the laboratory study, the herbicidal activity of C. gynandra plant tissue was studied using three different levels on weight to volume basis, using a completely randomised design. The results showed that Setaria verticillata, Amaranthus hybridus and Bidens pilosa were significantly reduced in their early growth and biomass by the different C. gynandra plant tissues. In the field, the use of C. gynandra plant tissue as treatment increased field yields of the crop plants infected with different weed species. The weed species in the field were significantly reduced on the weed evenness on plots which had C. gynandra plant tissue as compared to the untreated controls. This study provides important information for choosing a green manure crop with the purpose of managing weeds.
Exploring the Motivations and Critical Factors of Successful Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation in Organisations in Zimbabwe
Authors: Makota Justin , Kabote Ferdinand , Nharo Tobias
Published: February 2025

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become increasingly popular among organisations worldwide, aiming at streamlining business processes and enhance overall efficiency. This article investigates the essence of ERP adoption in Zimbabwe, focusing on the motivations and critical factors contributing to successful implementation within organisations. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving 12 participants from four companies who have implemented ERP systems. Interviews and document analysis were used as methods for collecting data. The findings reveal that the main motivations for ERP adoption in Zimbabwe are centred around modernising the information technology (IT) environment, replacing aging systems, improving operational efficiency and enhancing customer satisfaction. Moreover, the research identifies critical success factors that significantly influence the implementation of ERP systems. Executive management support emerges as a crucial factor, indicating the importance of top-level commitment and leadership in driving successful implementation. Additionally, company-wide support, a positive organisational culture that embraces change and meaningful user involvement, are highlighted as vital factors in ensuring the successful adoption and utilisation of ERP systems. The findings provide valuable insights for organisations considering, or in the process of, implementing ERP systems in Zimbabwe, and for researchers and practitioners in the field of information systems and technology management. By understanding the motivations and critical success factors, organisations can make informed decisions and develop effective strategies for successful ERP implementation in Zimbabwe.
Integrating Land use and Transport Planning in Harare, Zimbabwe: Challenges, Gaps and Opportunities
Authors: MUDAWU ADMIRE , MUSARA ENOCK
Published: February 2025

Most Harare residents depend on public transportation to participate in the economy and meet their life needs. However, the existing urban transport system does not provide sufficient and reliable access to destinations. The current strides to solve the transport problems are failing in such endeavours. There is need for innovative and alternative planning methods to deal with transport poverty. The study evaluated the prospects of one such innovative planning model to achieve sustainable mobility and accessibility. It explored the prospects of integrated land-use and transport planning in Harare. The study employed qualitative research tools to gather data. Key informants were engaged through interviews. The qualitative data analysis was done using N-vivo. This study concluded that the prospect of integrated land-use and transport planning in Harare is bleak although there is high consciousness of the concept. This is due mainly to lack of political will, lack of financial resources, poor institutional integration and weak regulatory and legal frameworks
Ethical Leadership Dilemmas for School Teachers Amid Socio-Political And Economic Turbulences In Four Zimbabwean Schools
Authors: CHINGWANANGWANA BERNARD
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study explores unethical practices by teachers amid turbulent socio-political and economic environments in Zimbabwean schools. The study was conducted in four Zimbabwean schools in Marondera Education District. The study data were generated through focus group interviews, documents review and semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that ethical practices in schools are very difficult, if not impossible, during turbulent socio-political and economic environments, like in Zimbabwe currently. The study establishes that a turbulent socio-political and economic environment compromises ethical practices as it facilitates incessant teacher unpunctuality and absenteeism due to private businesses, late payment of salaries and bonuses, the mounting cash crisis in banks, political violence against teachers, a collapse of the educational funding systems and learner deteriorating behaviour at schools, amongst others. Whenever there are two competing issues, one is bound to be outweighed, in the case of this study, ethical leadership is pitied against survival of the school personnel survival before ethical behaviour, creating dilemmas for the school heads and teachers. It has emerged, in this study, that the way forward is to deal with the turbulences that are pushing the educational practitioners to the cliff edge, hence restoring calm on the education flight.
Exploring Access To University Education For South Africa’s First Nations People - The Khoisan
Authors: MUZUVA PRINCE
Published: February 2025

The article seeks to unpack the status of access to university education by the Khoisan people in South Africa. Access to university education is one of the critical issues that concern the indigenous people, the first nations people – the Khoisan. In South Africa, access to university education is a challenge for the ‗Coloured‘ people, who include the Khoisan community, who are relatively behind in terms of accessing university education compared to other groups. The question to be answered is how are the Khoisan people, as the aboriginal people in South Africa, accessing university education as their classification of being ‗Coloured‘ does not depict the actual situation prevailing in Khoisan society. Data was solicited using document search and thematically analysed. The major findings of the study are that the Khoisan people are not accessing university education equally with other groups in the country.
Towards A Higher and Tertiary Institutional Design in the Context of Education 5.0 in Zimbabwe
Authors: TABINGA VENGAI
Published: February 2025

The study evaluated teaching-learning designs for higher and tertiary institutions before the adoption and after the adoption of the Education 5.0 philosophy in the year 2020. It seeks to make a comparative analysis of the designs to establish the connoisseurship of teaching-learning in institutions of higher learning. The study focuses on pedagogic and andragogic methodologies during these two epochs. The study found that the application of pedagogic instructional design and delivery methods characterised the Education 3.0 epoch with less andragogy. However, Education 5.0 has been characterised by more of an andragogic design and delivery with the learner, community and industry-centred teaching-learning. Despite the wide use of pedagogy and andragogy as the main models of teaching-learning, the existence of a holistic model that drives the innovation and industrialisation thrusts of Education 5.0 has been non-existent. To this end, the study found out that there are other models in addition to the combination of andragogy and pedagogy (humanagogy) that characterise university learning. These include ergonagy, heutagogy and ubuntugogy. Despite the advocacy for pragmatism through Education 5.0, forms of assessments and teaching methodologies are yet to change
Political Contestations As Part Of The Human Security And Sustainable Development Debate: A Case Study Of Buhera South, ZimbabwePolitical Contestations As Part Of The Human Security And Sustainable Development Debate: A Case Study Of Buhera South, Zimbabwe
Authors: MAKAMBANGA JOHN , ZISHIRI CHRISTOPHER
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the concept of human security and political contestations in Zimbabwe. It analyses how political electioneering and political violence affected development in Zimbabwe since 1980. While the war of liberation was fought to end discrimination in all its forms, the coming of black majority rule did not immediately bring the desired results of freedom and equality. Rather, it brought new forms of violence as the victors usurped institutions to the detriment of the democratic ideals fought for. While the new system led to negative peace, it was detrimental to positive peace that aims at building sustainability to the development discourse. This study is a qualitative study drawing data from desktop research, interviews and focus group discussions. The central argument is that violence has been a major affront to human security, thereby affecting development. The study deploys the human security theory to unmask political violence and development processes. It leans towards the pursuit of human security to achieve development and as an approach to conflict resolution and peace-building. This can help Zimbabwe to achieve its human development goals. The article recommends that governments and political parties must strive to achieve peace, human security and development.
A Thematic Review on the African Perspective on Caregiver Experiences
Authors: DUBE BAZONDILE , CHIWESHE MANASE , MAPARA JACOB
Published: February 2025

Abstract Caring for patients with mental disorders brings many challenges for informal/unpaid carers, especially relatives. This article provides a brief overview of the literature on caregivers’ experiences in caring for a relative with mental illness. The areas identified and discussed that may impact the caregivers include gender and caregiver burden, patriarchy, gender differences in caregiving, economic factors and policy frameworks in caregiving in different African countries. The following databases were searched to identify studies for the literature review: Google Scholar, Medline, Pub Med and HINARI. Studies eligible for inclusion were all those published in English about caregiving in Africa among families of individuals with mental illness. Family caregivers were found to be primarily females who experience the burden of caregiving. The study concludes that the socioeconomic factors hurt the caregiving process, with consequential negative health outcomes for family caregivers.
Climate Change News is Awash Everywhere, The Phenomenon is Hitting Hard‘ Dialoguing with Rural Communities of Selected Districts
Authors: MSIMANGA MTHABISI , MUBANGA PRECIOUS , NYATHI NOMQHELE , MUSHANGARI GILBERT , MAPHOSA SITHANDEKILE , NYAMHUNGA DERECK , MADYA FELIX
Published: February 2025

The article explores how the availability of climate change news in Zimbabwe is pushing the rural communities‟ understanding of threats posed by climate change on rural livelihoods and ways of life. Climate change has become a global threat to the rural livelihoods with the erosion of livelihoods leading to rural-urban exodus that is draining rural brains. This article is based on the argument that the mainstreaming of climate change news increases the awareness of rural people and aids their adaptation and resilience strategies. The study used a qualitative methodology with a bias towards an exploratory research design. The study used focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to gather data. The study used purposive sampling and adhered to all ethical principles. It found that climate change is hitting communal areas hard but rural communities have been benefiting from government and private media of information dissemination of news. The rural communities have been building resilience and adaptation to the vagaries of climate change. The study concludes that climate change remains a global threat to food security and rural development and more focus on climate news targeting rural communities must be introduced to fast-track rural development and resilience building. The study recommends the introduction of community radios and media outlets.
Ancestry versus Presidency: Unpacking Rural Land Ownership in Zimbabwe
Authors: MABHODYERA GAMALIEL SIMBARASHE , Chirisa Innocent , NCUBE ROSELIN KATSANDE
Published: February 2025

For more than 90 years, British settlers ruled Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. Whilst studies have been conducted to assess and document the history of rural land ownership in Zimbabwe, little has been done to assess the effectiveness in procedure and constitutionality of land reform programmes. This article explores land ownership in Zimbabwe and its relation to state control and the implications of the law. It argues that the quest for land ownership in Zimbabwe created a hostile environment that prompted a review of laws and policies by Africans towards a fair land distribution programme. This is because land in Zimbabwe has been a subject of immense politicisation. In a bid to create a balance of land ownership, the government introduced a strict land reform programme that sought to uphold and promote land ownership among ordinary citizens. Land ownership in Zimbabwe becsme a central issue for discussion during the Lancaster House Talks to end white dominance of precious land. This was worsened further by the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in 2000 which changed the shape and look of land ownership. The historical 2000 FTLRP further weakened and paralysed an already deteriorating relationship between the government and white settlers who had remained in Zimbabwe after independence. The article then seeks to unravel the consequences of land reforms in Zimbabwe that caused recorded most violent moments of all time. Further, it shows that the effectiveness of the government scheme for expropriation of land without compensation was later adopted, strengthened and further consolidated in Zimbabwe‟s Constitution, which then becomes a human rights question. Accordingly, the article affirms that the laws of Zimbabwe simply put communal land in the hands of the presidency, something that has drawn wide attention as to the power vested in the presidency towards land ownership.
Editorial: Insights into Science, Technology and Societal Advancement
Authors: Makota Justin
Published: February 2025

The article seeks to explain the meaning and understanding of Oikos within the science, technology and advancement in Zimbabwe. It is derived from ‗oikos’, a Greek word which means different things to different people depending on the context, environment, cultural context and country. A desktop review and contextual and textual analysis were used. There is a need for education in universities to advance and enhance science and technology in the global future. It argues that there is a need for innovation and a good behaviour relationship between African youth and technology in the 21st century.
Of Deals And Urban Governance: The Case Of Pomona Waste To Energy Project In Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: MAKETO JOHN P. , CHIRISA INNOCENT , CHAKUNDA VINCENT
Published: February 2025

The article deploys a desktop approach to examine the Pomona Waste to Energy Project in Harare, demonstrating how corruption within urban governments disproportionately affects public service delivery. The principal secondary sources of data used are policy documents, academic literature and newspaper articles. The key problem relates to the presence of unfettered central government interference in local governance through the Minister responsible for Local Government. The article demonstrates that through the project, privatisation and subsequent forms of public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been sanctioned. Based on the study findings, the article concludes that the design of a city-level management system, that includes democratic structures with checks and balances between the executive and legislature and between state agencies and civil society, must be supplemented by broader citizen participation to ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of the public.
A Comparative Analysis of Reproductive Health Knowledge among HIV-positive and HIV-negative Youths in Zimbabwe
Authors: Milanzi Amos , Mhloyi Marvellous , Moyo Stanzia
Published: February 2025

The study contributes to the understanding of how youths in Zimbabwe continue to face numerous barriers that hinder their ability to take protective actions against HIV. Previous research has shown that while comprehensive knowledge is improving among both HIV-positive and HIV negative youths in Zimbabwe, the proportions are low. A cross-sectional mixed-method research design was employed in the study. This study used a simple random sampling approach to select respondents. The general youth population was sampled from the general population, while Youths Living with HIV (YLHIV) were sampled from clinic records. This study was conducted in three provinces of Matabeleland South, Harare and Manicaland in Zimbabwe. The study demonstrated low levels of comprehensive knowledge of HIV (14%), with YLHIV more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV (19%), compared to HIV-negative youths (4%). The study findings show low levels of comprehensive knowledge of contraception (19%) among the youth, with YLHIV more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of contraception (22%), compared to HIV negative youths (15%). A logistic regression shows that marital status was a significant factor in comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Divorced youths were 10 times more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV as compared to those who were never married (OR=9.8; 95% CI [(1.93- 49.63)]). Logistic regression analysis by geographic location demonstrated that YLHIV from urban areas were six times more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV compared to youths from rural areas (OR=6.43; 95% CI [(2.71-15.28)]. The study recommends that information and services should be made available to youths to help them understand their sexuality.
Are Efforts by Urban Local Authorities in Embracing Smart Technologies for Urban Development and Governance in Africa Yielding Results? Case Studies of Cape Town, Cairo, Lagos and Harare
Authors: CHIRISA INNOCENT , MACHIPISA FUNNY , MPAHLO RUMBIDZAI , MABVUNDWI MIRACLE , MAGANDE TINASHE , MUSARA ENOCK , CHIGUDU ANDREW
Published: February 2025

There is evidence and consensus that African urban local authorities have to capitalise on the dawn of smart technologies to match cities and towns of the developed world. The adoption of technological advances in finance and administration has improved local authorities’ revenue collection. This article assesses the success of efforts by urban local authorities in embracing smart technologies in urban development and governance in selected African cities. African cities are faced with service delivery and urban development challenges owing largely to the lack of smart technologies in urban infrastructure planning and maintenance. The article examines the struggles of cities, municipalities and towns in embracing smart technologies in dealing with urban development and administration in Africa.
Moulding the Entrepreneurial Graduate in a Landscape of Competing Paradigms in Zimbabwe
Authors: MANHIMANZI GIFT , CHAGWEDERA EDSON
Published: February 2025

This research aims at exploring approaches for developing an entrepreneurial graduate in a landscape of competing paradigms. The research methodology used in this work is qualitative. Data from 84 people were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews using the convenience sampling technique. The study found that there are two primary approaches used by university lecturers in teaching entrepreneurship education. The information demonstrates the frequency of using a particular teaching method at various universities. Lessons are given in both English and primary local languages, with notes written on a blackboard, taking into account the trainees' socio-economic and linguistic backgrounds. Another method that did not yield the expected results was experiential learning, which involves placing students in different enterprises. This was found to be ineffective because most of the students were engaged in unrelated tasks. The two approaches were not used in line with globally acknowledged and pedagogically acceptable approaches for imparting to pupils the necessary skills and characteristics to become future business owners in Zimbabwe and Africa's manufacturing sector
Industrialisation In Zimbabwe Shaping The Debate And Practice Through Social Sciences
Authors: Zinyama Tawanda , Chirisa Halleluiah , Mazanhi Patience , Katsande Ncube Roseline
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development anchors on meeting societal needs through service provision and economic development. Social sciences unleash the important aspects of meeting society’s needs through broad literature and scholarship. However, there is a scarcity in the literature that conjoins industrial development and the social sciences. A myriad of ephemeral scholarship exists on how Zimbabwe fares in service provision and industrialisation. To avoid a demise in socially sustainable development, the article seeks to coalesce the aspects of social sciences, industrialisation and service provision in the context of the Zimbabwean experience. The article explores efforts and challenges to service provision for the country from the colonial era to the present day to capture various perspectives that build up on the country’s present situation. It compares the efficiency of the private sector to the public sector in service provision and posits recommendable insights that provide a way forward for the betterment of service provision in the country. It describes the efforts, challenges and opportunities for local organisations towards fulfilling their mandate to efficiently provide services to the public.