bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEP55 leads to poor prognosis of glioma by regulating the stemness and immune microenvironment
Authors: Chen Desheng , Yao Jiawei , Lv Xiangqi , Li Yang , Yu Shan , Hu Bowen , Kuang Liangwen , Xu Binshun , Liu Haiyu , Dou Chao , Yao Penglei , Xia Songsong , Ma Xinqi , Yang Qingsong , Zhao Yan , Wang Guangzhi , Guo Mian
Published: September 2023

High recurrence rate of glioma makes it difficult to treat. The tumor microenvironment- and the presence of stem cells- in glioma are believed to be important factors in regulating its recurrence. The role of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) in promoting mitosis and regulating tumorigenesis in various cancers has been previously explored. We comprehensively sought to reveal the regulatory role of CEP55 in glioma.We analyzed the data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) database by bioinformatic and validated it in glioma-initiating cells (GIC) as well as in animal model. The overexpression of CEP55 in glioma is associated with the poor prognosis. The GO and KEGG analysis of the module most related to CEP55 from the WGCNA results were found to be enriched in genes associated DNA replication and cell cycle. The second most significant module were enriched in genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM receptor interaction. The immune infiltration analysis showed that the overexpression of CEP55 is associated with the levels of higher immune infiltration and immune checkpoint genes allowing accurate identification of glioma subtypes.Our study is a preliminary demonstration of the multifaceted role of CEP55 in glioma regulation. CEP55 promotes the malignant progression of glioma by both regulating glioma stem cells and the immune microenvironment thus, providing a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
Immunostimulatory/immunodynamic model of mRNA-1273 to guide pediatric vaccine dose selection
Authors: Attarwala Husain , Deng Weiping , Ding Baoyu , Schnyder Ghamloush Sabine , Girard Bethany , Iqbal Javid , Ivaturi Vijay , Minnikanti Saugandhika , Zhou Honghong , Miller Jacqueline , Das Rituparna
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA-1273, have been rapidly developed and deployed. To develop a safe and effective vaccine, establishing the optimal dose is crucial, and is where modeling and simulation can be used to guide vaccine dose selection and development. We developed an immunostimulatory/immunodynamic (IS/ID) model to quantitatively characterize the neutralizing antibody titers elicited by mRNA-1273 obtained from three clinical studies and to predict the optimal vaccine dose for future pediatric trials. A 25-µg primary vaccine series was predicted to meet non-inferiority criteria in young children (aged 2-5 years) and infants (aged 6-23 months); geometric mean titers and geometric mean ratios for this dose level predicted using the IS/ID model a priori matched those observed in the pediatric clinical study. These findings demonstrate that IS/ID models represent a novel approach to guide data-driven clinical dose selection of vaccines.
Empowering Education and Advancing Research: Exploring the Benefits, Opportunities, and Challenges of Tech Trends Using AI Tools
Authors: N Abhishek , Devesh Sonal , Dinesh Sahana , Kulal Abhinandan , Suraj Neethu
Published: September 2023

The study is aimed at analyzing the perceptions of the use of AI tools in education and research among university teachers and assesses the influence of awareness, benefits, opportunities, and challenges of AI tools for education and research. Mixed design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in the study. The data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire from a sample of 177 teachers and was analyzed using the logistic regression analysis technique. The study revealed that Awareness and challenges were the two factors that have a significant influence on the usage of advanced tools in the education sector, whereas benefits and opportunities are insignificant. The reason for these results may be that the teachers may be aware of the use of these tools and their challenges. Due to their nascent stage, the benefits and opportunities of AI tools have still not come into the limelight. Awareness positively impacts its usage whereas Challenges have a negative influence. Many experts and educational institutions view AI tools are the bane to education and research but the outcome of this research will become evidence and guidance to academicians, researchers, regulators, and educational institutions to promote these technologies in a more advanced way by taking into consideration of various ethical aspects. AI tools are a matter of debate today in all the fields of life and education is not an exception. To transform education and research to a remarkable point it is necessary to promote AI tools. This study may help educational institutions and regulators to frame a policy with monitored restrictions on the usage of these technologies in education and research to promote their implementation in an ethical and integrity manner.
Mucosal immunization with the Lung Lactobacillus-Derived Amphiphilic Exopolysaccharide adjuvanted recombinant vaccine improved protection against P. aeruginosa infection
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Haochi , Sheng Shouxin , Li Chunhe , Bao Xuemei , Zhao Lixia , chen Jian , Guan Pingyuan , Li Xiaoyan , Pan Na , Liang Yanchen , Wang Xueqi , Sun Jingmin
Published: September 2023

Respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa are a major health problem globally. The only therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa-induced infections, to date, is antibiotic treatment. A protective vaccine is urgently needed in view of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains associated with high-mortality cases; however, traditional vaccines are applied parenterally with adjuvants meant to induce a powerful serotype-dependent response which often fail to drive mucosal immune protection. Therefore, the development of vaccines targeting localized mucosal and disseminated systemic immune responses may represent a promising avenue for future research on P. aeruginosa vaccination. In this study, we investigated the lung microbiota-Lactobacillus plantarum WXD301-derived exopolysaccharide with excellent self-assembly properties that enable the formation of a homogeneous nanovaccine when encapsulating model antigens. Importantly, the delivery system effectively penetrated the nasal mucous layer and prolonged antigen retention. We subsequently developed a nano-P. aeruginosa vaccine candidate, EPS301@rPcrV, which provided effective and sustained protection against P. aeruginosa pneumonia that surpassed the durability achieved with the "gold standard" cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The EPS301-adjuvanted vaccine formulation elicited robust mucosal IgA and Th17/γδ17 T cell responses, surpassing those induced by the CTB-adjuvanted vaccination. Notably, these responses were sustained for a duration exceeding 112 days. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that pulmonary CD4 T cells and γδ T cells, rather than humoral immunity, played an indispensable role in conferring protection against pneumonic P. aeruginosa infection following EPS301 adjuvanted vaccination. Intriguingly, IL-17A knockout mice exhibited lower survival rates, impaired bacterial clearance ability, and exacerbated lung tissue damage upon EPS301 adjuvanted vaccination against P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia, indicating an IL-17A-dependent mechanism of action. In conclusion, our findings provided direct evidence that EPS301@rPcrV vaccine is a promising candidate for future clinical application against P. aeruginosa-induced pulmonary infection.
Data-driven development of an oral lipid-based nanoparticle formulation of a hydrophobic drug
Authors: Bao Zeqing , Yung Fion , Hickman Riley J. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Bannigan Pauric , Allen Christine
Published: September 2023

Due to its cost-effectiveness, convenience, and high patient adherence, oral drug administration often remains the preferred approach. Yet, the effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs via the oral route is often hindered by their limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism. To mitigate these challenges, advanced delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been developed to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and enhance their bioavailability. However, traditional design methodologies for these complex formulations often present intricate challenges because they are restricted to a relatively narrow design space. Here, we present a data-driven approach for the accelerated design of SLNs/NLCs encapsulating a model hydrophobic drug, cannabidiol, that combines experimental automation and machine learning. A small subset of formulations, comprising 10% of all formulations in the design space, was prepared in-house, leveraging miniaturized experimental automation to improve throughput and decrease the quantity of drug and materials required. Machine learning models were then trained on the data generated from these formulations and used to predict properties of all SLNs/NLCs within this design space (i.e., estimated to be more than 1200 formulations). Notably, formulations predicted to be high-performers via this approach were confirmed to significantly enhance the solubility of the drug by up to 3000-fold and prevent drug degradation. Moreover, our high-performance formulations significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of the drug compared to both its free form and an over-the-counter version. Furthermore, this bioavailability matched that of a formulation equivalent in composition to the FDA-approved product, Epidiolex®.
A technique for repeated blood and cerebrospinal fluid sampling from individual rats over time without the need for repeated anaesthesia
Authors: Strong Michael , Santandrea Erin , Aliakbari Farhang , Truscott Emily , McCaig Lynda , Donison Neil , Graham Danielle , Volkening Kathryn
Published: September 2023

Ethical animal use follows the 3R’s: reduction, reuse and replacement. Here we present the use of simultaneous jugular vein and cisterna magna catheterization with a port system in rats for repeated fluid sampling for 14 consecutive days without losing catheter patency. This technique allows repeated intra-animal sampling and if used with pooling samples from a cohort of animals, replaces the need for terminal collections for sufficient sample volumes.
Transparent Glass Film Detection by Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Lue Joann-Hwa , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Chen Yu-Yang , Huang Shuan-Yu , Lin Fen-Chi , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: September 2023

In this investigation, we present an innovative approach for the identification and quantification of transparent glass films through hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The primary objective of this research entails the development of a conversion algorithm for rendering spectral information from captured imagery, specifically within the visible light and near-infrared (NIR) regions. When applied to industrial camera-generated images, this algorithm facilitates the acquisition of pertinent spectral data. The subsequent phase of this inquiry involves the application of principal component analysis to the acquired HSI images that stem from distinct processed glass samples. This analytical process normalizes the intensity of light wavelengths that are inherent in the HSI images. We derive the simulated spectral profiles by applying the Beer–Lambert law in conjunction with the generalized inverse matrix method to the normalized HSI images. These profiles are subsequently aligned with spectroscopic data collected through microscopic imaging, culminating in the visualization of characteristic dispersion patterns. The thickness of the glass processing film is successfully rendered in a visually discernible manner by employing innovative image coloring techniques. In accordance with the empirical findings, variations in the thickness of the glass coating within the NIR-HSI domain engender notable alterations in infrared transmittance across distinct wavelengths that encompass the NIR spectrum. This phenomenon provides the basis for film thickness analysis. Remarkably, the average root-mean-square error within the NIR region only amounts to 0.02, underscoring the precision of our approach. Prospective avenues of inquiry that stem from this research include the integration of the developed methodology into the conception of a real-time, large-area automated optical inspection system.
Investigation of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and discitis: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Ge Weiming , Ding Junhui
Published: September 2023

Background: Recent studies have identified a possible association between gut microbiota and discitis, but not clarified this relationship.
Methods: The aim of this study was to apply Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques in order to fully explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and discitis. In terms of research methods, we adopted a variety of analysis strategies, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, etc. In order to ensure the reliability of the research results, we have carefully considered several aspects. In particular, we introduce the false discovery rate (FDR) method to effectively correct for multiple hypothesis testing problems that may arise. In addition, in order to evaluate the validity and robustness of the instrumental variables used, we implemented a series of rigorous analytical measures. These measures include MR-Egger intercept test, global analysis of Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), heterogeneity analysis, and retention analysis. Notably, we also tested the genetic association of gut microbiota with disdiscitis using Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to ensure the rigor of the study.
Results: IVW results showed that high abundance of Butyricoccus(OR=0.23, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.10-0.53, P=6.3E-04), Coprobacter (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.36-0.96, P=3.24E-02), or Romboutsia (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99, P=4.5E-02) could reduce the risk of developing discitis. High abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.67, P=4.77E-02), Haemophilus (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.44-4.76, P=1.56E-03), and Intestinimonas (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.01- 4.06, P=4.67E-02) were risk factors for discitis. However, after FDR correction, only Butyricicoccus and Haemophilus were found to be associated with discitis. In addition, the horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of instrumental variables were not tested. The LDSC results suggested that the causal inference between gut microbiota and discitis would not be confounded by co-inheritance.
Conclusion: The present MR study provides genetic evidence that Butyricicoccus and Haemophilus are causally related to discitis. This study fills in the gaps in the knowledge of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and disdiscitis, and provides innovative suggestions for the prevention and treatment of disdiscitis.
Exosome proteomes reveal glycolysis-related enzyme enrichment in primary tumors
Authors: Kim Hui-Su , Cho Je-Yoel
Published: September 2023

Objective
In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed exosomal proteins from primary tumor and metastases.
Methods
We clearly distinguished primary tumors (CHMp) from metastases (CHMm) and profiled the proteins within their secreted exosomes using LC-MS/MS. Moreover, the abundance of glycolysis enzymes (GPI, LDHA) was verified with Western blotting, and we extended to human colorectal cancer-derived exosomes (SW480 vs. SW620) for comparison.
Results
Among all the exosomal proteins derived from primary tumor and metastases, 87 and 63 proteins, respectively, exhibited significant differences. Notably, glycolysis enzymes (GPI, LDHA, LDHB, TPI1, and ALDOA) were specifically enriched in exosomal proteins from primary tumor.
Conclusion
We reported significant differences in the proteome at the cellular level between primary tumors and metastases, and intriguingly, we found this heterogeneity was mirrored in the protein composition of exosomes. We discovered that glycolysis enzymes were significantly enriched in CHMp exosomes compared to CHMm exosomes. We further demonstrated that this quantitative difference in glycolysis enzymes persisted across primary and metastatic cancers, extending to human colorectal cancer-derived exosomes (SW480 vs. SW620). Our findings of the specific enrichment of glycolysis enzymes in primary tumor-derived exosomes contribute to a better understanding of tumor microenvironment modulation and heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases.
Molecular characterization of VP6 and NSP4 genes of unusual G and P Rotavirus group A isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Dellis Charilaos , Tatsi Elizabeth Barbara , Koukou Dimitra-Maria , Filippatos Filippos , Vetouli Evangelia , Michos Athanasios , Syriopoulou Vasiliki
Published: September 2023

Group A Rotavirus (RVA), which causes acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide, is categorized mainly based on VP7 (genotype G) and VP4 (genotype P) genes. Genotypes that circulate at < 1% are considered unusual. Important genes are also VP6 (genotype I) and NSP4 (genotype E). VP6 establishes the group and affects immunogenicity, while NSP4, as enterotoxin, is responsible for the clinical symptoms. Aim of this study was to genotype and molecularly characterize the VP6 and NSP4 genes of unusual RVA. Unusual RVA strains extracted from fecal samples of children ≤ 16 years with AGE, were genotyped in VP6 and NSP4 genes with Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetics was performed using MEGA 11. In a 15-year period (2007–2021), 54.8% (34/62) of unusual RVA were successfully I and E genotyped. Three different I and E genotypes were identified; I2 (73.5%, 25/34) and E2 (35.3%, 12/34) were the commonest. E3 genotype was detected from 2017 onwards. The uncommon combination of I2-E3 was found in 26.5%(9/34) of the strains and G3-P[9]-I2-E3 was the most frequent G-P-I-E combination (20.6%,7/34). Statistical analysis showed that children infected with E2 strains had a higher relative frequency of dehydration(50%) compared to those with E3 genotype(p = 0.019). Multiple substitutions were detected in both genes, but their functional effect remains unknown. The results of this study highlight the genetic diversity of RVA strains but should be interpreted with caution as they are not based on whole genome sequencing. Continuous surveillance of the RVA based on the whole genome will provide a better knowledge of its evolution.
Effectiveness of Edoxaban in Portal Vein Thrombosis Associated with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Tadokoro Tomoko , Tani Joji , Manabe Takushi , Takuma Kei , Nakahara Mai , Oura Kyoko , Mimura Shima , Fujita Koji , Nomura Takako , Morishita Asahiro , Kobara Hideki , Himoto Takashi , Ono Masafumi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: September 2023

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) worsens the long-term prognosis of patients with cirrhosis; however, the optimal treatment remains to be determined. Reports on the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants are increasing, and further evidence is needed. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of treatment with edoxaban in patients with PVT. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of edoxaban and warfarin as antithrombotic therapies for PVT. The median overall survival time was 4.2 years in patients with PVT, with a 1-year survival rate of 70.7% and a 5-year survival rate of 47.9%. The leading cause of death was hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared to warfarin, edoxaban significantly improved PVT. In addition, edoxaban provided long-term improvement of PVT. Warfarin, on the other hand, was temporarily effective but did not provide long-term benefits. The Child-Pugh and albumin-bilirubin scores did not change after edoxaban or warfarin use. No deaths occurred due to adverse events associated with edoxaban or warfarin. Edoxaban as a single agent can achieve long-term thrombolysis without compromising the hepatic reserves. Edoxaban is easy to initiate, even in an outpatient setting, and could become a major therapeutic agent for the treatment of PVT.
The effectiveness of aromatherapy on stress management in nurses: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: wang meichang , Zhang Huan , Zeng Xiao-li , Li Jing-zhi
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on stress management in nurses.
Design: Meta-analysis.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched English databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang, and VIP) for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of lavender on stress in nurses. We assessed the risk of bias within studies with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4).
Results: A total of 10 RCTs with 591 nurses were included. Meta-analysis showed that aromatherapy had a significant difference for reducing nurses' stress SMD= -0.37, 95% CI (-0.53, -0.21), P=0.001) , systolic blood pressure(SMD =-4.36, 95%CI [-7.94, -0.78], P = 0.12) , and diastolic blood pressure(SMD = -3.68, 95% CI[ -6.41, -0.95], P = 0.02). No signifificant difference in heart rate was found between the aromatic group and control group (SMD = -2.15, 95% CI [-4.79, -0.49], P = 0.65).
Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis study showed that aromatherapy can be effective at relieving nurses' stress. For more precise and dependable results, forthcoming research could allocate more significant resources toward original, high-quality investigations to further explore the effects of different types, doses, and concentrations of essential oil therapy on stress in nurses. In addition, nursing managers may consider arranging regular aromatherapy interventions for their staff to enhance their psychological regulation function, maintain their physical and mental well-being, and reduce stress levels to provide optimal medical care to patients.
Comparing physiological role of L-methionine (sulphur containing amino acid) and its encapsulated nano-form on growth and crop productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Khater M. A. , Zaki Faten S.A. , Dawood M. G. , El-Awadi M. E. , Elsayed A. E.
Published: September 2023

Two field experiments were carried out at a private farm at Sakha Region, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during the winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experiment aimed to study the physiological response of onion plants to foliar spraying with methionine (50, 75 and 100 mg/L) and its nanoparticles (5, 10 and 15 mg/L). It is obvious from results that all applied treatments induced significant increases in most investigated parameters. The most significant and pronounced treatments were PEG- encapsulated methionine at 5mg/L followed by 100 mg/L methionine relative to control. It is worthy to mention that PEG- encapsulated methionine at 5mg/L significantly increased vegetative growth parameters (dry weight of leaves /plant by 144.62% and bulb fresh weight by 125.28%); total soluble solids by 59.53%; total photosynthetic pigments by 210.81%;indole acetic acid by 54.34%;and yielded bulb fresh weight by 60.70%. In addition, PEG- encapsulated methionine at 5 mg/L significantly increased total phenolic content by 1.18 times; flavonoid by1.26 times; free amino acid by 1.92 times; protein by 1.37 times; and total soluble sugars by 1.66 times relative to control. The least increases were recorded due to methionine at 50 mg/L and PEG- encapsulated methionine at 15 mg/L relative to control. It could be concluded that PEG- encapsulated methionine at low doses (5 mg/L) may be used as promising technique to increase onion productivity and quality.
The heterogenous effects of regulatory complexity: Evidence from more than 200k Spanish norms
Authors: Mora-Sanguinetti Juan S. , Quintana Javier , Soler Isabel , Spruk Rok
Published: September 2023

We analyze the impact of regulatory complexity on economic activity and its heterogeneous impact on firms. We use a novel database that classifies more than 200,000 regulations adopted in Spain between 1995 and 2020. Exploiting this rich database, we are able to estimate the exposure to regulatory complexity of industries located in different Spanish sub-national regions. We find that an increase in regulatory complexity has an impact on economic activity, reducing employment. Entry of new firms in sectors-regions exposed to higher regulatory complexity is also lower. These effects are heterogeneous across firms, with negative effects concentrated in smaller and more recently established firms. This evidence emphasizes the importance of both the aggregate and distributional impact of regulatory complexity.
JEL CODES: K2; R11; J00; E02.
Assessment of the photoprotective potential and structural characterization of secondary metabolites of Antarctic fungus Arthrinium sp
Authors: Jordão Ana Carolina , Santos Gustavo Souza , Teixeira Thaiz Rodrigues , Gluzezak Ana Júlia Pasuch , Azevedo Clarissa Bechuate Souza , Pereira Karina Castro , Tonani Ludmilla , Gaspar Lorena Rigo , Kress Márcia Regina Von Zeska , Colepicolo Pio , Debonsi Hosana Maria
Published: September 2023

Interest in Antarctic fungi has been growing due to their ability to survive in the harsh environment, suggesting the presence of compounds for human use. Due to the damaging effects of sunlight, sunscreen use has been growing but, scientific evidence has pointed to the toxic potential of UV filters for human and environment, leading to a ban the use of UV filters (avobenzone and oxybenzone) in some locations. So, this work evaluated the photoprotective potential of molecules from sustainable marine sources (seaweed-derived fungi), aiming to discover natural, efficient, and safer UV filter alternatives. Thus, photoprotective and antioxidant activity of metabolites from Arthrinium sp. was investigated. Six compounds (1-6) were isolated: 3-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), (-)-orthosporin (2), norlichexanthone (3), anomalin B (4), anomalin A (5) and agonodepside B (6), being 1, 2, 6 not reported in Arthrinium. Fraction F showed excellent absorbance in both UVA and UVB, while compound 6 presented lower absorbance in the UVB region. Fraction F and compound 6 were considered photostable and non-phototoxic on HaCaT cells. Both showed antioxidant activity against UVA induced intracellular ROS production, in keratinocyte monolayers and in reconstructed human skin models (reduction of 34.6% and 30.2% in fluorescence) and both can be considered for use in sunscreens. Fraction F presented higher absorption in UVB and UVA than (6), which can be due to synergism and did not present any irritation potential in HET-CAM assay. The fraction presented the advantage of not needing further purifications, however clinical studies should be performed to confirm its potential.
On metaheuristic aided structural topology optimization method for heat sink design with low electromagnetic interference
Authors: Ali Musaddiq Al , Shimoda Masatoshi , Benaissa Brahim , Kobayashi Masakazu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Al-Shawk Ameer , Ranjbar Sina
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the application of the Metaheuristic Aided Structural Topology Optimization (MASTO) method as a novel approach to address the multiphysics design challenge of creating a heat sink with both high heat conductivity and minimal Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). A distinctive 2D layout with elongated fins is examined for electromagnetic traits, highlighting resonance-related EMI concerns. MASTO proves to be a valuable tool for navigating the complex design space, yielding thoughtfully optimized solutions that harmonize efficient heat dissipation with effective EMI control. By merging simulation findings with practical observations, this study underscores the potential of the MASTO method in achieving effective designs for intricate multiphysics optimization problems. Specifically, the method's capacity to address the complex interplay of heat transfer with convection and the suppression of electromagnetic emissions is showcased. Moreover, the study demonstrates the feasibility of translating these solutions into tangible outcomes through manufacturing processes.
Re-analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data provides insights into the roles of cycling myeloid cells in tissue repair
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Shi Jingsong , Wang Liangge , Liu Xinjie , Cao Zemin , Ning Guangzhi , Feng Shiqing , Gao Shan , Yao Xue
Published: September 2023

As the resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), microglial cells are responsible for the innate immunity of the brain and spinal cord. Based on many previous studies, it is well accepted that the large increase in microglia after CNS damage involves both the expansion of endogenous resident microglia and the acute, active recruitment of bone marrow–derived microglia progenitors. However, a comparatively new study has presented a different conclusion, stating that repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia after acute depletion. Cycling myeloid cells are often detected in a distinct cluster using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, however, they were not recognized for their research value before. By our analysis, cycling myeloid cells belong to a specific cell type, which serves as a direct progenitor population for differentiation into microglia. For the first time, these cells have been linked with microglia, monocytes, and macrophages, which is a pivotal step to reveal the mechanisms underlying microglia repopulation after CNS injury. The present study sets the stage for intensive studies on these cycling myeloid cells in the future, which have significant implications for the understanding of their origins and roles as the immune progenitor cells in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly those related to spinal cord injury and breast cancer, leading to develop targeted therapies or interventions.
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) does not imply the vast majority of Sri Lankan oral cancer patients
Authors: Perera Manosha Lakmali , Perera Irosha
Published: September 2023

One study on Sri Lankan oral cancer patients and healthy individuals suggested Sri Lanka as a non-endemic country for KSHV with low seroprevalence, without recording at least the oral risk habits of the patients. This made a research question; does Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) imply the vast majority of Sri Lankan oral cancer patients? Thus, the present study aimed at the status of HHV-8 DNA in a subsample of the vast majority of Sri Lankan oral cancer patients. Ethical clearance and written consent from the participants were obtained. Incisional biopsies of hits to pathologically confirmed cases were collected, transported, stored, dispatched and restored as frozen tissues at -800 C. The DNA was extracted from frozen specimens using Gentra Puregene Tissue kit (Qiagen, Germany), solid tissue protocol according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The real-time PCR was performed with the specific primers and adequate controls to detect HHV- 8 in these OSCC cases. Sociodemographic, Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Hygiene Status, and Clinical and Oral Risk Habit data were obtained by a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and were entered and analyzed using the SPSS-21 Statistical Package. HHV-8 DNA was not detected in 29 OSCC cases. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) does not imply the vast majority of Sri Lankan oral cancer patients. Powered studies are recommended.
Immunocytochemistry as an Ancillary Technique in the Cytologic Diagnosis of Synovial Sarcoma: Lock With Cell Block
Authors: Dani Aarti Ashok , Kamal Meharbano M , Swati Kalantri Swati
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Synovial sarcomas are rare tumors accounting for approximately 5-10% of soft tissue sarcomas. For synovial sarcomas that arise at unusual locations, cytologic diagnosis is challenging despite characteristic cytomorphologic features.

Material and Methods: The use of ancillary diagnostic procedures such as immunocytochemistry (ICC) using cell blocks and molecular genetic techniques using aspirated material help in the confirmation of diagnosis. During the period of 18 months from Nov 16 to Feb 18 we reported three cases of SS that occurred in rare locations with the help of ICC on cell blocks in 2 cases and IHC in the third case.

Results: Cells arranged in bundles, perivascular arrangement, tight clusters, acini & singly. Cells are elongated, oval to spindle, presence of uni or bipolar cytoplasmic processes with mildly pleomorphic , hyperchromatic nuclei & fine granular chromatin. TLE1 was positive in all 3 cases.

Conclusion: TLE1 marker is an extremely useful marker that distinguishes SS from other cytological & histological mimics.

The objective of the present study was to call attention and also highlight the variable cytology of synovial sarcoma arising at rare locations. Furthermore, we discuss use of adjunctive ICC on cell blocks that help to lock the diagnosis.
Study of Histopathological Changes in Fibroadenoma of the Breast
Authors: P Sneha , Yevoor Kavitha
Published: September 2023

Background: Fibroadenoma of the breast is a relatively frequently occurring tumor. Although often considered a benign tumour, several reports describe a higher risk of subsequent breast carcinoma in patients diagnosed with fibroadenoma. Increased risk depends on presence of complex changes within fibroadenoma, presence of hyperplasia and positive family history for breast cancer.

Aims and Objectives: Our main aim was to study the histological variations within the fibroadenoma of the breast and also to identify those lesions with the possible risk of malignancy.

Methods: Descriptive study of three years. A total of 250 cases of fibroadenoma were studied. Slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and were thoroughly reviewed. Slides were screened for proliferative epithelial changes, fibrocystic epithelial changes, stromal changes and various other changes such as foci of tubular adenoma and phyllodes tumour. Slides with invasive malignancies were excluded from the study.

Result: Apocrine change among fibrocystic changes was the commonest variation within the fibroadenoma. Complex fibroadenoma, moderate and atypical ductal hyperplasia was seen in older age groups.

Conclusion: Increased risk of breast cancer is seen patients with presence of hyperplasia and complex fibroadenoma of the breast. So exclusive study of histopathological changes in epithelial and stromal elements of fibroadenoma is required and are essential to be reported so as to alert the clinician for follow up of the patient. This will help in timely management to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Endometriosis : A Rare Etiology for Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Sutradhar Arpita , Ghatak Supriyo , Gulati Sumit , Roy Ramdip , Basu Amarnath , Basak Arnab
Published: September 2023

Endometriosis affecting gastrointestinal tract has been reported in 3-37% of menstruating women. It is seen in the recto-sigmoid, caecum, small bowel and the appendix in decreasing frequency. Involvement of the ileum by endometriosis is quite rare ,1-7% cases have been documented..Endometriosis of ileal segment of gastrointestinal tract leading to intestinal obstruction ranges from 7% to 23%.We report a 40 year. old female who presented with  complete intestinal obstruction ten days with history of  recurrent subacute intestinal obstruction for one year. She was previously treated with empirical Antitubercular drug to which  she did not respond. Now histology of the resected specimen showed endometriosis in muscular propria and submucosa , leading to fibrosis and stricture formation.
Subcutaneous Human Dirofilariasis A Rare Case Report from Mumbai, Maharashtra
Authors: Sarda Neha Rahul , Patil Ketaki Kishor
Published: September 2023

Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis is caused by the zoonotic filariae, Dirofilaria repens. The frequency of reports is increasing in literature during the last few years and is considered by some authors as an emerging zoonosis.In India, majority of the cases have been reported from Kerala, case reports from other parts of the country is rare. Here, we report a case to focus attention on this rare cause of a subcutaneous nodule which is often misdiagnosed or overlooked. We report a rare case of subcutaneous Dirofilariasis from Mumbai, Maharashtra. A 15-year-old boy who experienced a cosmetic subcutaneous cheek swelling on the left side of face, since 1.5 years. No pain, no sinus and no discharge. A complete hemogram was done which was normal. No eosinophilia was seen. Since the clinical diagnosis was a soft tissue lesion, a radiograph was not taken. The lesion was excised under local anaesthesia, which revealed a filarial nematode compatible with adult gravid female of the Dirofilaria repens, a zoonotic filariasis that causes subcutaneous dirofilariasis in dogs and cats.
Five too many! A Case of Incidentally Detected Five Vessel Umbilical Cord Associated with Placental Chorangiosis
Authors: Jadhav Toyaja Mohan , Kashif Ahmed Waheed , Garud Sushil
Published: September 2023

Supernumery vessels are defined as presence of four or more vessels present within the umbilical cord. This condition may often accompany a poor pregnancy outcome and presence of congenital anomalies. They may be present in healthy fetuses. Chorangiosis is an adaptive response to in-utero hypoxia and its presence signifies better pregnancy outcomes. Abnormalities that lead to multiple cord vessels are rare with the majority of reported cases highlighting four vessels due to a persistent right umbilical vein. Here, we report a case of a 5-vessel umbilical cord associated with chorangiosis of placenta, detected incidentally after birth.
A Case of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Presenting as Sternal Infiltrate
Authors: Bapat Kalyani , Mansukhani Dia , Khodaiji Shanaz , Padate Balkrishna , Dubey Abha
Published: September 2023

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a localized extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells which can develop de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorders (MPN) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It can present before, along with or after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, MPN, MDS or may present as a manifestation of relapse in a previously treated AML patient. The occurrence of MS in an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient is a very uncommon clinical event especially as initial or primary presentation. APL is often associated with a life threatening coagulopathy making prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy critical. Unusual clinical localization may lead to misdiagnosis, or delayed diagnosis and treatment. Hence being aware of such atypical presentations of APL is crucial. Here we report a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia who presented with sternal infiltrate but without any systemic symptoms. The diagnostic challenges are of particular interest given the unusual clinical presentation along with atypical morphology of the abnormal promyelocytes.
A Case of ACTH Independent Macronodular Adrenocortical Hyperplasia Presenting with Conns Syndrome
Authors: Menon Neethika , Padmanabhan Anitha , Gadgil Nitin M , Patil Milind V
Published: September 2023

Backgound: ACTH Independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH)is a rare cause of hyperaldosteronism and is characterised by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia . One of the most common presenting symptoms is refractory hypertension. Clinical features and hypertension usually resolve following adrenalectomy. Timely diagnosis of such conditions are pertinent as they are completely treatable and thus prevents further comorbidities associated with hypertension and hypokalemia like arrhythmia.

Case Presentation: A 57 year old male patient presented with unresolved hypertension since 15 years even after treatment with three different antihypertensives drugs since last one year. He was detected with raised serum aldosterone levels. Adrenal venous sampling showed lateralisation to the left adrenal. CT abdomen and pelvis revealed enlarged and nodular left adrenal gland and a bulky right adrenal gland. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. Grossly left adrenal showed multiple well circumscribed yellow coloured nodules restricted to the cortex. Microscopy showed multiple well circumscribed unencapsulated nodules comprising of compact cells with clear to vacuolated cytoplasm and round central nucleus along with few foci of myelometaplasia.

Conclusion: Conns syndrome causes a high rate of mortality and morbidity of left untreated. Serum aldosterone, serum cortisol and serum electrolyte levels should be carried out in every case of refractory hypertension to rule out adrenocortical lesions. Timely diagnosis goes a long way in reducing morbidities associated with hypertension and dyselectrolytemia.
High Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Presenting as Intussusception In an Elderly Female-A Case Report
Authors: SKVSK Manjari , Prasanna Mark Ruth , Venkatachalam T Satya Prakash
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) are rare and account for 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms and the diagnosis is mostly incidental. In spite of advances in the understanding of AMNs and their association with peritoneal disease, AMNs are still confusing entities in respect to their diagnosis and treatment alike.

Case Report: We report a case of a 51year old female who presented with abdominal pain  and vomiting and was diagnosed as ileo-colic intussusception on ultrasonography and CECT abdomen. Histopathological examination of right hemicolectomy specimen revealed a high grade appendicular mucinous neoplasm with low grade areas. The peri-appendiceal mucin deposition forming a mass in the cecum at the base of appendix was the lead point for intussusception in this case. No features of pseudomyxoma peritonei was seen in this case. This patient is well after 18 months of follow up period.

Conclusion: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and diagnosis is often difficult as presentation is mostly non-specific. Hence, awareness and further classification of these tumours is essential for diagnosis, determining the risk of recurrence and malignancy and also prognostication.
A case report Case Report of Idiopathic Pulmonary Haemosiderosis in a Child with recurrent chest infections
Authors: Patwardhan Leena Milind , Sharma Sunita , Khawale Manisha
Published: September 2023

Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare condition, usually occurring in children and teenagers.  The classic presentation is of haemoptysis, iron deficiency anaemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. We report a case of IPH in an 8 year old boy, who presented with recurrent episodes of fever, cough and respiratory infections without any trigger since childhood.
Prevalence Of Diabetes And Association Of Fasting And Postprandial Glucose With Hba1c, 6-Year Study In Reference Laboratory
Authors: Gohil Sanjay , Singh Preeti , Kambli Megha , Haryan Reshma , Jatale Raj , Dixit Rakhi Bajpai , Chadha Kirti
Published: September 2023

Background

Prevalence of diabetes is estimated in the Indian population using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) data collected over the period of 6 years, in the Metropolis Reference Laboratory Mumbai. HbA1c values with gender and age structure was correlated during fasting and postprandial glucose for the non-diabetic, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations in terms of frequency and percentile.

Method

Retrospective analysis of HbA1c data obtained in a referral laboratory based in Mumbai over a span of 6 years from 2015 to 2020. A total of 2,94,264 cases were divided in six age groups i.e. 15-20Y, 21-30Y, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and >60Y. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and quantification of HbA1c in blood with gender and age were done. HbA1c values were also correlated with glucose fasting and postprandial in the studied population.

Results

Prevalence of diabetes (HbA1C >6.5) was 57.60% in the studied population. The incidence and prevalence of HbA1c in the diabetic range were highest in the age group of >60 years. Males showed a higher prevalence of diabetes than females, while females are found to be more pre-diabetic. A significant (p>0.001) positive linear correlation was found between HbA1c with fasting and postprandial glucose, respectively.

Conclusion

The age group of >60Y showed a maximum diabetic prevalence. Gender disparity was recorded more in males than females having higher HbA1c. The sensitivity of HbA1c is comparable with fasting and postprandial glucose. However, HbA1c cannot replace plasma glucose estimation and could be used in conjunction with fasting and postprandial glucose for proper diagnosis and disease management.
Eccrine Spiradenoma Arising in A Old Scar Tissue: Case Report of A Rare Entity with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Garg Sukant , Singh Maninder Pal , Aulakh Rakhi
Published: September 2023

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rare benign adnexal tumour thought to be originating from eccrine sweat gland. We describe a case of eccrine spiradenoma arising in old scar tissue in 49 year old woman confirmed by complete resection and histopathological examination. The patient is asymptomatic and pain free 20 months after surgery.
Adaptive variational quantum minimally entangled typical thermal states for finite temperature simulations
Authors: Getelina João C. , Gomes Niladri , Iadecola Thomas , Orth Peter P. , Yao Yong-Xin
Published: September 2023

Scalable quantum algorithms for the simulation of quantum many-body systems in thermal equilibrium are important for predicting properties of quantum matter at finite temperatures. Here we describe and benchmark a quantum computing version of the minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS) algorithm for which we adopt an adaptive variational approach to perform the required quantum imaginary time evolution. The algorithm, which we name AVQMETTS, dynamically generates compact and
problem-specific quantum circuits, which are suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. We benchmark AVQMETTS on statevector simulators and perform thermal energy calculations of integrable and nonintegrable quantum spin models in one and two dimensions and demonstrate an approximately linear system-size scaling of the circuit complexity. We further map out the finite-temperature phase transition line of the two-dimensional transverse field Ising model. Finally, we study the impact of noise on AVQMETTS calculations using a phenomenological noise model.
Lake water quality assessment using spatial interpolation and the development of the WQI on an educational campus, Assam, India
Authors: Talukdar Pritam , Mokenepally Tarun , Kulkarni Vihangraj Vijaykumar
Published: September 2023

Monitoring water quality metrics is essential for managing water quality and safeguarding aquatic life. The NIT Silchar Lake has been a place for many aquatic plants and migratory birds. The lake water is typically used on campus for horticultureal purposes. However, the peasants living close to campus use the lake water for drinking during situations like floods or famine. At four separate locations of the lake, the samples were collected for evaluation of seven water quality indicators. Temperature between 22.4 and 30.5 °C and dissolved oxygen concentrations between 8 and 13 mg/l were found, which were optimal conditions for aquatic life. The water quality index (WQI), which gives an overall evaluation of the state of the water quality, was created from the measured values (six parameters). The lake regions that ranged from good to excellent were identified using ‘weighted arithmetic water quality index’ (WAWQI) technique. Further we have compared the WAWQI with another method. A comparative analysis has been done by developing simple codes with the help of python programming language. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation in GIS was applied for spatial distribution of water quality parameters and WQI.