bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the analysis, synthesis, and comparisons of endemic butterflies in Mexico
Authors: TRUJANO-ORTEGA MARYSOL , LUIS-MARTÍNEZ ARMANDO , VARGAS-FERNÁNDEZ ISABEL , ÁVALOS-HERNÁNDEZ OMAR , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: July 2024

Endemic species are biological singularities whose relevance lies in their unique history and the information they provide about the history of the area where they are distributed. This is the first compilation study that brings together all the available information on endemics of butterflies, a highly diverse insect group in Mexico. Based on the records of 272 endemic taxa deposited in biological collections, we generate distribution maps for each taxon, and describe the patterns of endemic distribution. We analyze the results based on biogeographical provinces, vegetation types, and altitudinal levels. We compared these distribution patterns with those of endemic taxa of vertebrates, plants, and other insect groups in Mexico. The greatest number of endemic butterflies is in the southwestern portion of the country, in the Sierra Madre del Sur and the Pacific Lowlands. In terms of ecological distribution, endemism is distributed mostly at low and middle elevations in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, Temperate Forests and Mountain Humid Forests, the latter being of special importance due to its reduced extent in the country. The similarity in species composition groups the provinces into three clusters that generally agree with the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, and the Mexican Transition Zone. In addition, we describe the sampling biases at the family and subfamily levels as well as the undersampled biogeographical provinces, considering the estimation of endemic richness and the heterogeneity of the area. With this information, taxa and priority areas are identified to allocate the sampling effort and thus increase knowledge about the endemic taxa of the country. Nymphalidae were the family with the most records and endemic taxa, while Lycaenidae were the least endemic family in the country. We propose the Sierra Madre Occidental as the highest priority for directing the sampling effort for endemic butterflies. Finally, we discuss the historical and ecological causes of the distribution of endemic butterflies and compare it to the distribution patterns of endemic vertebrates and plants. Insects represent most biodiversity worldwide and are relatively poorly known compared to vertebrates or vascular plants. However, insects are just as threatened by ecosystem modification as other taxa. This work contributes to the urgent need to record biodiversity and thus prioritize conservation and resource management schemes.
Genome-wide identification, structural and gene expression analysis of BTB gene family in soybean
Authors: Elsanosi Hind Abdelmonim , Zhang Jianhua , Mostafa Salma , Geng Xiaoyan , Zhou Guisheng , Awdelseid Atef Hemaida Mohammed , Song Li
Published: July 2024

Background

The Bric-a-Brac/Tramtrack/Broad Complex (BTB) gene family plays essential roles in various biological processes in plants. These genes encode proteins that contain a conserved BTB domain, which is involved in protein-protein interactions and regulation of gene expression. However, there is no systematic reports on the BTB gene family in G.max.

Results

In total, 122 soybean BTB genes were identified, which were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures analysis indicated that the number of exon–intron in GmBTBs ranges from 0 to18. Cis-element analysis revealed that most GmBTB genes contained cis-elements related to an abiotic stress response. In addition, qRT-PCR analyses indicated that most GmBTBs are significantly up-regulated under salinity, drought, and nitrate stresses. They suggested their potential for targeted improvement of soybean response to multiple abiotic stresses and nitrate availability.

Conclusion

These results provide valuable information for identifying the members of the GmBTB gene family in soybean and could provide a functional characterization of GmBTB genes in further research.
An adult with hemorrhagic varicella co-infects with cytomegalovirus: a case report
Authors: Shi Si-Man , Li Zhan-Hong , Xu Jie-Ru , Cai Xue-Xin , Zhou Xiu-Xian , Zheng Rong-Chang , Wen Ju
Published: July 2024

Background

Hemorrhagic varicella (HV) is a particular form of chicken pox.,with high mortality in adults. This form of the disease is rare, to date, approximately 4 cases have been reported. Occasional cases of HV have been documented in adults with hematologic disorders or other diseases. While there is one reported case of simultaneous reactivation of cytomegalovirus in an adult with chickenpox, there is a lack of information regarding changes in liver function indicators for such patients. This is unfortunate, as CMV reactivation can further exacerbate liver failure and increase mortality. In this report, we present a case of hemorrhagic varicella reactivation with cytomegalovirus and provide some relevant discussions.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 25-year-old male with HV, who had a history of nephrotic syndrome generally controlled with orally administered prednisone at a dosage of 50 mg per day for two months. The patient arrived at the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain and the presence of hemorrhagic vesicles on his body for the past 3 days. Despite medical evaluation, a clear diagnosis was not immediately determined. Upon admission, the leukocyte count was recorded as 20.96 × 109/L on the first day, leading to the initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Despite the general interpretation that a positive IgG and a negative IgM indicate a previous infection, the patient’s extraordinarily elevated IgG levels, coupled with a markedly increased CMV DNA quantification, prompted us to suspect a reactivation of the CMV virus. In light of these findings, we opted for the intravenous administration of ganciclovir as part of the treatment strategy. Unfortunately,,the patient succumbed to rapidly worsening symptoms and passed away. Within one week of the patient’s demise, chickenpox gradually developed in the medical staff who had been in contact with him. In such instances, we speculate that the patient’s diagnosis should be classified as a rare case of hemorrhagic varicella.

Conclusion

Swift identification and timely administration of suitable treatment for adult HV are imperative to enhance prognosis.
The impact of diet, exercise, and sleep on Helicobacter pylori infection with different occupations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Shiwen , He Xue , Duan Yinglong , Luo Yating , Li Yuxuan , Li Jing , Li Ying , Yang Pingting , Wang Yaqin , Xie Jianfei , Liu Min , SK Cheng Andy
Published: July 2024

Background

Associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors vary greatly by geographic location. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Hunan cohort of central China and analyze the associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors in different occupations.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Participants who received an annual physical examination were invited. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by the 13 C-urea breath test. Self-reported physical examination questionnaires were used to analyze participants’ demographic information, diet, exercise status, and sleep situations.

Results

23254 participants finished this study. The Helicobacter pylori infection rate in the Hunan area was 25.8%, with the lowest prevalence in students (8.5%) and the highest prevalence in business managers (29.9%). The risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection were marital status (divorced or married) (OR:1.16, 95%CI:1.090–1.234), overeating (OR:1.105, 95%CI: 1.001–1.220), and consumption of eggs (OR:1.047, 95%CI:1.004–1.092), animal viscera (OR: 1.077, 95%CI:1.014–1.144) and coffee (OR:1.074, 95%CI:1.019–1.132). Participants’ education level (OR:0.911, 95%CI:0.881-0942), consumption of midnight snack (OR:0.926, 95%CI:0.877–0.977), and vegetable (OR:0.927, 95%CI: 0.884–0.972) were protective factors against Helicobacter pylori infection. Whether participants exercised regularly or had sleep problems had no significant effect on Helicobacter pylori infection. Different professionals showed significant differences in the rates of overeating, eating three meals on time, midnight snack, and consuming coffee, eggs, animal viscera, and vegetables > 3 times/week (P values < 0.05).

Conclusions

Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significant relationship with dietary factors, but not significantly with sleep and exercise factors. Different occupations showed different dietary tendencies related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The design of an occupation-based Helicobacter pylori screening and prevention program is supported.
Impact of different obstetric interventions and types of delivery on breastfeeding: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Hungarian women
Authors: Hulman Anita , Pakai Annamária , Csákvári Tímea , Varga Katalin
Published: July 2024

Background

We assessed the effect of different obstetric interventions and types of delivery on breastfeeding.

Methods

A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire. Data collection was performed in 2021 in Hungary. We included biological mothers who had raised their at least 5-year-old child(ren) at home (N = 2,008). The questionnaire was completed anonymously and voluntarily. In addition to sociodemographic data (age, residence, marital status, education, occupation, income status, number of biological children, and anthropometric questions about the child and the mother), we asked about the interventions used during childbirth, and the different ways of infant feeding used. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS 25.0. Descriptive statistics, two-sample t tests, χ2 tests and ANOVA were used to analyse the relationship or differences between the variables (p < 0,05).

Results

We found that in deliveries where synthetic oxytocin was used for both induction and acceleration, there was a higher incidence of emergency cesarean section. However, the occurrence of vaginal deliveries was significantly higher in cases where oxytocin administration was solely for the purpose of accelerating labour (p < 0.001).Mothers who received synthetic oxytocin also received analgesics (p < 0.001). Women giving birth naturally who used oxytocin had a lower success of breastfeeding their newborn in the delivery room (p < 0.001). Children of mothers who received obstetric analgesia had a higher rate of complementary formula feeding (p < 0.001). Newborns born naturally had a higher rate of breastfeeding in the delivery room (p < 0.001) and less formula feeding in the hospital (p < 0.001). Infants who were breastfed in the delivery room were breastfed for longer periods (p < 0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months was longer for infants born naturally (p = 0.005), but there was no difference in the length of breastfeeding (p = 0.081).

Conclusions

Obstetric interventions may increase the need for further interventions and have a negative impact on early or successful breastfeeding.

Trial registration

Not relevant.
Survival of advanced/recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Taiwan: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Tsai Hui-Jen , Shan Yan-Shen , Yang Ching-Yao , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Tsai Chung-Hsin , Wang Chuan-Cheng , Lin Ming-Tsan , Ting Chun-Fu , Chan De-Chuan , Chen Te-Hung , Yen Chueh-Chuan , Chen Yen-Yang , Lin Hsuan-Yu , Yeh Ta-Sen , Ho Ching-Liang , Shieh Tze-Yu , Bai Li-Yaun , Hsu Jun-Te , Chen I-Shu , Chen Li-Tzong , Yeh Chun-Nan , Liu Tsang-Wu , Chuang Chieh-Han , Wang Tsang-En ,   Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group (TCOG) GIST Study Group
Published: July 2024

Background

Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harbor c-KIT or PDGFRA mutations. Administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the survival of patients with GISTs. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of advanced or recurrent GIST patients in Taiwan.

Methods

Patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled. The collected data included baseline characteristics, treatment pattern, treatment outcome, genetic aberrations and survival status. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed and plotted with the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of survival.

Results

A total of 224 patients with advanced or recurrent GISTs treated with TKIs were enrolled. All patients received imatinib treatment. Ninety-three and 42 patients received sunitinib and regorafenib treatment, respectively. The 48-month PFS and OS rates for patients treated with imatinib were 50.5% and 79.5%, respectively. c-KIT exon 9 and PDGFRA mutations were prognostic factors for a poor PFS and PDGFRA mutation was a prognostic factor for a poor OS in patients treated with imatinib in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The median PFS of patients who received sunitinib treatment was 12.76 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.01–14.52). Patients with c-KIT exon 9 mutations had a longer PFS than those with other genetic aberrations. The median PFS of patients treated with regorafenib was 7.14 months (95% CI, 3.39–10.89).

Conclusions

We present real-world clinical outcomes for advanced GIST patients treated with TKIs and identify mutational status as an independent prognostic factor for patient survival.
Impact of baseline body composition on prognostic outcomes in urological malignancies treated with immunotherapy: a pooled analysis of 10 retrospective studies
Authors: Ma Wangbin , Shi Qiao , Zhang Lilong , Qiu Zhendong , Kuang Tianrui , Zhao Kailiang , Wang Weixing
Published: July 2024

Objective

Numerous epidemiological investigations have explored the impact of body composition on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in urological malignancies (UM) patients, yielding conflicting findings. As a result, our study aims to elucidate the influence of baseline body composition on the long-term prognosis of UM patients treated with ICIs.

Methods

We employed a rigorous systematic search across various databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, to identify studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Our primary endpoints of interest encompassed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

This analysis included a total of 10 articles with a combined patient cohort of 707 individuals. Our findings revealed a noteworthy association between several body composition parameters and unfavorable OS outcomes, including low psoas muscle index (PMI; HR: 3.88, p < 0.001), low skeletal muscle index (SMI; HR: 1.63, p < 0.001), sarcopenia (HR: 1.88, p < 0.001), low visceral adipose index (VAI; HR: 1.38, p = 0.018) and low subcutaneous adipose index (SAI; HR: 1.37, p = 0.018). Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that low PMI (HR: 2.05, p = 0.006), low SMI (HR: 1.89, p = 0.002), sarcopenia (HR: 1.80, p < 0.001), and low VAI (HR:1.59, p = 0.005) were significantly correlated with inferior PFS. Conversely, SAI did not manifest a pronounced association with PFS in UM patients treated with ICIs.

Conclusion

Collectively, our study findings underscore a substantial relationship between baseline body composition and reduced clinical efficacy in UM patients undergoing ICI therapy.
Circ_0000069 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating CCL25
Authors: Zeng Junshao , Feng Yi , Lin Liwen , Ye Huifeng , Shen Haoming , Sun Yifan
Published: July 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, influenced by aberrant circRNA expression. Investigating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions can unveil underlying mechanisms of HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods

In this study, we conducted differential analyses of mRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs, and established their relationships using various databases such as miRanda, miRDB, and miTarBase. Additionally, functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were performed to evaluate the roles of key genes. We also conducted qPCR assays and western blotting (WB) to examine the expression levels of circRNA, CCL25, and MAP2K1 in both HCC cells and clinical samples. Furthermore, we utilized overexpression and knockdown techniques for circ_0000069 and conducted wound healing, transwell invasion assays, and a tumorigenesis experiment to assess the migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells.

Results

Our findings revealed significant differential expression of 612 upregulated genes and 1173 downregulated genes in HCC samples compared to normal liver tissue. Additionally, 429 upregulated circRNAs and 453 downregulated circRNAs were identified. Significantly, circ_0000069 exhibited upregulation in HCC tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of circ_0000069 notably increased the invasion and migration capacity of Huh7 cells, whereas the downregulation of circ_0000069 reduced this capability in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, this effect was counteracted by CCL25 silencing or overexpression, separately. Animal studies further confirmed that the overexpression of hsa_circ_0000069 facilitated tumor growth in xenografted nude mice, while the inhibition of CCL25 attenuated this effect.

Conclusion

Circ_0000069 appears to promote HCC progression by regulating CCL25, suggesting that both circ_0000069 and CCL25 can serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Survey on pattern of myopia in school children in Hangzhou after the COVID-19 pandemic: a school-based vision screening study
Authors: He Ting , Yin Lei , Zheng Qingqing , He Bei , Xu Zhizi , Hu Tingting , Wu Yuanpeng , Chen Hu , Yu Jie , Shen Ting
Published: July 2024

Background

Myopia is a major health issue around the world. Myopia in children has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, but reports are scarce on the prevalence of myopia following the pandemic. This study collected vision screening data of school children in China for five consecutive years to observe the changes in myopia after the pandemic and compare the observed prevalence of myopia before and after the pandemic.

Methods

A school-based vision screening study used stratified samplings to collect the vision screening data in school children aged 6–13 from 45 primary schools in Hangzhou. Vision screening data including uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and spherical equivalent refraction(SER). Calculating the mean of SER and the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia from 2019 to 2023.

Results

A total of 79,068 screening results (158,136 eyes) were included in the analysis. A substantial myopic shift (approximately -0.30 diopters [D] on average) was found in 2020 and 2021 compared with 2019 in all age groups and a substantial myopic shift (approximately 0.4 D on average) was found in 2022 compared with 2021. A slight myopic shift (approximately -0.14 D on average) was found in 2023 compared with 2022. The prevalence of myopia in all age groups was the highest for five years in 2020 or 2021, which was 31.3% for 6-year-olds, 43.0% for 7-year-olds, and 53.7% for 8-year-olds. A positive change in the prevalence rate of myopia was found at 6 years old (0.59%, 0.12%, 0.36%, 0.25%, p < 0.001). The change in prevalence rate in myopia was shifted slightly in children aged 10–13 years. Children aged 8 to 13 years had a slight increase in myopia prevalence from 2022 to 2023. The prevalence of hyperopia was low and stable in all grade groups, ranging from 0.7% to 2.2% over five years.

Conclusion

Myopia in children has increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, the prevalence of myopia in children gradually decreased temporarily and then rebounded. Myopic shift was more apparent in younger children. Myopic shift in children may be related to the reduction of outdoor time, less light, and near work habits, and further research is needed.
Effect of the Sauvé–Kapandji method on the wrist contact surface for distal radial ulnar joint disorders
Authors: Suzuki Tomoaki , Momma Daisuke , Inoue Nozomu , Kondo Eiji , Matsui Yuichiro , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: July 2024

Background

The Sauvé–Kapandji (S-K) method is a surgical procedure performed for chronic deformities of the distal radial ulnar joint (DRUJ). Changes to the joint contact surface from pre- to postoperatively under physiological in vivo conditions have not yet been determined for this useful treatment. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the articular contact area of the wrist joint between before and after the S-K method for DRUJ disorders.

Methods

The SK method was performed for 15 patients with DRUJ osteoarthritis and ulnar impaction syndrome. We calculated the Mayo Wrist Score as the patient’s clinical findings and created 3-dimensional bone models of cases in which the S-K method was performed and calculated the contact area and shift in the center of the contact area using customized software.

Results

The Mean modified Mayo Wrist Score improved significantly from 60.3 preoperatively to 80.3 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Scaphoid contact area to the radius increased significantly from 112.6 ± 37.0 mm2 preoperatively to 127.5 ± 27.8 mm2 postoperatively (P = 0.03). Lunate contact area to radius-ulna was 121.3 ± 43.3 mm2 preoperatively and 112.5 ± 37.6 mm2 postoperatively, but this decrease was not significant (P = 0.38). Contact area ratio of scaphoid to lunate increased significantly from 1.01 ± 0.4 preoperatively to 1.20 ± 0.3 postoperatively (P = 0.02). Postoperative translations of the center of the scaphoid and lunate contact areas were decomposed into ulnar and proximal directions. Ulnar and proximal translation distances of the scaphoid contact area were 0.8 ± 1.7 mm and 0.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, and those of the lunate contact area were 1.1 ± 1.7 mm and 0.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. This study revealed changes in wrist contact area and center of the contact area before and after the S-K method.

Conclusion

These results may accurately indicate changes in wrist joint contact area from pre- to postoperatively using the S-K method for patients with DRUJ disorder. Evaluation of changes in contact area due to bone surface modeling of the wrist joint using 3DCT images may be useful in considering surgical methods.
Enhancing cancer therapy: the integration of oncolytic virus therapy with diverse treatments
Authors: Yan Zhuo , Zhang Zhengbo , Chen Yanan , Xu Jianghua , Wang Jilong , Wang Zhangquan
Published: July 2024

As one of the significant challenges to human health, cancer has long been a focal point in medical treatment. With ongoing advancements in the field of medicine, numerous methodologies for cancer therapy have emerged, among which oncolytic virus therapy has gained considerable attention. However, oncolytic viruses still exhibit limitations. Combining them with various therapies can further enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment, offering renewed hope for patients. In recent research, scientists have recognized the promising prospect of amalgamating oncolytic virus therapy with diverse treatments, potentially surmounting the restrictions of singular approaches. The central concept of this combined therapy revolves around leveraging oncolytic virus to incite localized tumor inflammation, augmenting the immune response for immunotherapeutic efficacy. Through this approach, the patient's immune system can better recognize and eliminate cancer cells, simultaneously reducing tumor evasion mechanisms against the immune system. This review delves deeply into the latest research progress concerning the integration of oncolytic virus with diverse treatments and its role in various types of cancer therapy. We aim to analyze the mechanisms, advantages, potential challenges, and future research directions of this combination therapy. By extensively exploring this field, we aim to instill renewed hope in the fight against cancer.
Combinatorial macrophage induced innate immunotherapy against Ewing sarcoma: Turning “Two Keys” simultaneously
Authors: Luo Wen , Hoang Hai , Miller Katherine E. , Zhu Hongwen , Xu Serena , Mo Xiaokui , Garfinkle Elizabeth A. R. , Costello Heather , Wijeratne Saranga , Chemnitz Wiebke , Gandhi Ronan , Liao Yanling , Ayello Janet , Gardenswartz Aliza , Rosenblum Jeremy M. , Cassady Kevin A. , Mardis Elaine R. , Lee Dean A. , Cripe Timothy P. , Cairo Mitchell S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Macrophages play important roles in phagocytosing tumor cells. However, tumors escape macrophage phagocytosis in part through the expression of anti-phagocytic signals, most commonly CD47. In Ewing sarcoma (ES), we found that tumor cells utilize dual mechanisms to evade macrophage clearance by simultaneously over-expressing CD47 and down-regulating cell surface calreticulin (csCRT), the pro-phagocytic signal. Here, we investigate the combination of a CD47 blockade (magrolimab, MAG) to inhibit the anti-phagocytic signal and a chemotherapy regimen (doxorubicin, DOX) to enhance the pro-phagocytic signal to induce macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

Methods

Macrophages were derived from human peripheral blood monocytes by granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Flow cytometry- and microscopy-based in-vitro phagocytosis assays were performed to evaluate macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells. Annexin-V assay was performed to evaluate apoptosis. CD47 was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. ES cell-based and patient-derived-xenograft (PDX)-based mouse models were utilized to assess the effects of MAG and/or DOX on ES tumor development and animal survival. RNA-Seq combined with CIBERSORTx analysis was utilized to identify changes in tumor cell transcriptome and tumor infiltrating immune cell profiling in MAG and/or DOX treated xenograft tumors.

Results

We found that MAG significantly increased macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro (p < 0.01) and had significant effect on reducing tumor burden (p < 0.01) and increasing survival in NSG mouse model (p < 0.001). The csCRT level on ES cells was significantly enhanced by DOX in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Importantly, DOX combined with MAG significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro (p < 0.01) and significantly decreased tumor burden (p < 0.01) and lung metastasis (p < 0.0001) and extended animal survival in vivo in two different mouse models of ES (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we identified CD38, CD209, CD163 and CD206 as potential markers for ES-phagocytic macrophages. Moreover, we found increased M2 macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of Cd209 in the tumor microenvironment of MAG and DOX combinatorial therapy treated tumors.

Conclusions

By turning “two keys” simultaneously to reactivate macrophage phagocytic activity, our data demonstrated an effective and highly translatable alternative therapeutic approach utilizing innate (tumor associated macrophages) immunotherapy against high-risk metastatic ES.
Increased adherence to influenza vaccination among Palermo family pediatricians: a study on safety and compliance of qLAIV vaccination
Authors: Costantino Claudio , Tramuto Fabio , Bonaccorso Nicole , Giudice Maria Carmela Lo , Balsamo Francesco , Carubia Alessandro , D’Azzo Luciano , Fruscione Santo , Sciortino Martina , Vitello Tania , Zagra Luigi , Pieri Alessia , Rizzari Rosaria , Serra Gregorio , Palermo Mario , Randazzo Maria Angela , Palmeri Sara , Asciutto Rosario , Corsello Giovanni , Graziano Giorgio , Maida Carmelo Massimo , Mazzucco Walter , Vitale Francesco
Published: July 2024

Background

Influenza represents a serious public health threat, especially for the management of severe cases and complications of the disease, requiring the implementation of control measures. We aimed to assess the acceptance and impact of qLAIV vaccination among a representative sample of family paediatricians (FPs) operating in Palermo Local Health Authority (LHA). To this end we evaluated vaccination coverage rates, comparing it with that observed in Sicilian context, while actively monitoring possible adverse reactions and their severity.

Methods

An observational descriptive non-controlled study was conducted in two phases, from September 2022 to June 2023. The first phase involved a formative and educational intervention with a pre-intervention questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitudes of FPs on paediatric influenza vaccination. The second phase consisted of an active surveillance on qLAIV safety and acceptance among the paediatric population assisted by the participating FPs, from October 2022 to April 2023. Frequencies, chi-squared tests, and comparisons statistics were performed using Stata/MP 14.1.

Results

The overall coverage rate among the paediatric population involved in the intervention was 13.2%, with an I.M./qLAIV ratio of vaccine administered of 1/4.25. This coverage rate was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) when compared to the average values reported in the population under the Palermo Local Health Authority (LHA) (6.7%) and in the entire Sicily (5.9%). Adverse events in the qLAIV group were mild, with only 3.3% experiencing them, primarily presenting as a feverish rise (3.2%). No severe adverse reaction was reported.

Conclusions

The educational intervention significantly raised paediatric influenza vaccination rates among the participating FPs, and in general improved influenza vaccination coverage rates in the Palermo’s LHU. Minimal, non-serious adverse events underscored the vaccine’s safety. Training sessions ensured paediatricians stayed informed, enabling them to provide comprehensive information to parents for secure and informed vaccination decisions in their practices.
Boundedness of commutators of variable Marcinkiewicz fractional integral operator in grand variable Herz spaces
Authors: Sultan Babar , Sultan Mehvish , Khan Aziz , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: July 2024

Let $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$

S

n
−
1

denote unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

R
n

equipped with the normalized Lebesgue measure. Let $\Phi \in L^{s}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})$
Φ
∈

L
s

(

S

n
−
1

)
be a homogeneous function of degree zero such that $\int _{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}\Phi (y^{\prime})d \sigma (y^{\prime})=0$

∫

S

n
−
1

Φ
(

y
′

)
d
σ
(

y
′

)
=
0
, where $y^{\prime}=y/|y|$

y
′

=
y
/
|
y
|
for any $y\neq 0$
y
≠
0
. The commutators of variable Marcinkiewicz fractional integral operator is defined as $$ [b,\mu _{\Phi}]^{m}_{\beta }(f)(x )= \left ( \int \limits _{0} ^{ \infty }\left |\int \limits _{|x -y | \leq s} \frac{\Phi (x -y )[b(x )-b(y )]^{m}}{|x -y |^{n-1-\beta (x )}}f(y )dy \right |^{2} \frac{ds}{s^{3}}\right )^{\frac{1}{2}}. $$

[
b
,

μ
Φ

]

β
m

(
f
)
(
x
)
=

(

∫
0
∞

|

∫

|
x
−
y
|
≤
s

Φ
(
x
−
y
)

[
b
(
x
)
−
b
(
y
)
]

m

|
x
−
y
|

n
−
1
−
β
(
x
)

f
(
y
)
d
y
|

2

d
s

s
3

)

1

2

.

In this paper, we obtain the boundedness of the commutators of the variable Marcinkiewicz fractional integral operator on grand variable Herz spaces ${\dot{K} ^{\alpha (\cdot ), q),\theta}_{ p(\cdot )}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}$

K
˙

p
(
⋅
)

α
(
⋅
)
,
q
)
,
θ

(

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n

)
.
Novel analysis of nonlinear seventh-order fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt equation via the Caputo operator
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Mallik Saurav , AlBaidani Mashael M. , Khan Adnan , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: July 2024

In this work, we use two unique methodologies, the homotopy perturbation transform method and Yang transform decomposition method, to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) problem. The physical phenomena that arise in chemistry, physics, and engineering are mathematically explained in this equation, in particular, nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics, plasma physics, fluid dynamics, and so on. The provided methods are used to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order KK problem along with the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. The results are significant and necessary for exploring a range of physical processes. This paper uses modern approaches and the fractional operator to develop satisfactory approximations to the offered problem. To solve the fractional KK equation, we first use the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. He’s and Adomian polynomials are useful to manage nonlinear terms. It is shown that the suggested approximate solution converges to the exact one. In these approaches, the results are calculated as convergent series. The key advantage of the recommended approaches is that they provide highly precise results with little computational work. The suggested approach results are compared to the precise solution. By comparing the outcomes with the precise solution using graphs and tables we can verify the efficacy of the offered strategies. Also, the outcomes of the suggested methods at various fractional orders are examined, demonstrating that the findings get more accurate as the value moves from fractional order to integer order. Moreover, the offered methods are innovative, simple, and quite accurate, demonstrating that they are effective for resolving differential equations.
Systematic therapy for metastatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: A single-center experience.
Authors: Sun Yuting , Tan Huijing , Chi Yihebali
Published: July 2024

e16341

Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare tumor with low-grade malignancy. However, a small proportion of cases still exhibit more aggressive behavior and emerge as distant metastases. Limited data exist on systemic therapy for these entities. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with SPN of the pancreas who underwent medical treatment in our hospital between January 2020 and December 2023. The clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic regimens of the patients were collected. The primary outcomes were disease control rate (DCR) and progression free survival (PFS). SPSS software V27.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Five patients were identified and 60.0% of patients were female . The median age was 34 years (range 16-53). All patients first underwent surgical resection. Four individuals had metachronous distant metastasis and one had synchronous distant metastasis. The most common metastatic site was peritoneum (3/5) and liver (3/5), followed by the distant lymph node (2/5). Progesterone receptor positive expression was found in four cases. Four patients received targeted therapy as first-line treatment (3 receiving anlotinib 12mg once daily on days 1-14 every 3 weeks and 1 receiving everolimus 10mg per day). All patients receiving targeted therapy had stable disease, with a DCR of 100%. The median PFS in the targeted therapy group was 8.1 months (95% CI, 6.7-9.5). Only one patient underwent first-line chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus S-1) and experienced disease progression at the initial efficacy evaluation. Data for second-line treatment was available for three patients. One patient got progressive disease (PD) after etoposide administration. Two individuals received everolimus 10mg daily, one of whom showed PD and the other achieved a partial response (PR). All treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were manageable. Conclusions: Metastatic SPN of the pancreas may be not chemosensitive. Targeted therapy, such as anlotinib and everolimus, appears to be a potential therapeutic option.
Effect of biocompatible snowman-like tumor-targeting dimer nanoparticles on delivery efficiency and anti-tumor therapy.
Authors: Ye Chanqi , Chen Ruyin , Li Qiong , Xu Shuaishuai , Ruan Jian
Published: July 2024

e16347

Background: Chemotherapy is indispensable for the systematic treatment of aggressive malignancies, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), while delivery vehicles are essential for improving delivery efficiency and enhancing anti-tumor therapy. Methods: We design and synthesize tumor-targeting PLA/shellac-FA dimer nanoparticles (NPs). Paclitaxel (PTX) and curcumin (CUR) are co-loaded in PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs. In vitro, we apply CCK8 assay to investigate the cell uptake of different particle shape. In vivo, different shape of PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs are injected to mice model with tumor to investigate their delivery performance and anti-tumor effect. Meanwhile, we apply the flow analysis to explore the effect of different shape of PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs on tumor microenvironment (TME). Results: In vitro tests demonstrate cell uptake performance is optimized by tuning the particle shape to be snowman-like. In vivo tests confirm improved delivery efficiency and enhanced anti-tumor therapy of snowman-like PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs. Besides, PTX + CUR-loaded snowman-like PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs could effectively reduce the proportion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in lymphocytes and reshape the M1/M2 polarization into an anti-tumor type. Meanwhile, the dimer NPs could enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), thus activating the immune response in the TME. Conclusions: The results suggest that snowman-like PLA/shellac-FA dimer NPs with a sharp shape can effectively improve the delivery efficiency and enhance the anti-tumor therapy, being a promising system for clinical applications.
Material, Psychological, and Behavioral Financial Hardship Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Waters Austin R. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Tan Kelly R. , Rosenstein Donald L. , Roberson Mya L. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Kent Erin E.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Driven by anti-LGBTQ+ stigma, emerging literature suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) cancer survivors experience financial hardship (FH) more frequently than heterosexual survivors. However, few studies have used nationally representative samples to estimate this inequity.

METHODS

National Health Interview Survey data from 2019 to 2022 were pooled and weighted. Outcomes included material, psychological, and behavioral FH. The behavioral domain was further broken down into subdomains including medical care, prescription medications, and mental health care. Multivariable logit models controlling for a variety of factors were used to generate LGB and heterosexual predicted probabilities and differential effects for each FH outcome. Stratified estimates were generated by sex and age groups.

RESULTS

A total of N = 374 LGB and N = 12,757 heterosexual cancer survivors were included in this analysis. In adjusted analyses, LGB cancer survivors had significantly higher material (19%, 95% CI, 15 to 24
v
12%, 95% CI, 11 to 13;
P
= .004), psychological (44%, 95% CI, 38 to 51
v
37%, 95% CI, 36 to 38;
P
= .035), and behavioral (23%, 95% CI, 18 to 28
v
13%, 95% CI, 13 to 14;
P
< .0001) FH than heterosexual survivors. LGB cancer survivors also had higher medical behavioral (11%, 95% CI, 7 to 15
v
7%, 95% CI, 6 to 7;
P
= .030), prescription medication behavioral (14%, 95% CI, 10 to 19
v
10%, 95% CI, 9 to 10;
P
= .032), and mental health behavioral (9%, 95% CI, 6 to 13
v
3%, 95% CI, 3 to 4;
P
< .0001) FH than heterosexual survivors. Stratified estimates revealed young LGB cancer survivors had the highest probability of each outcome (material: 31%, 95% CI, 23 to 40; psychological: 58%, 95% CI, 50 to 66; behavioral: 45%, 95% CI, 36 to 53).

CONCLUSION

In this nationally representative analysis, LGB cancer survivors experience substantial inequities in all FH outcomes. It is crucial that future FH interventional work should prioritize populations at the highest risk of FH, such as LGB cancer survivors.
Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indonesian metastatic bone disease of unknown origin algorithm (INA-MBD): time to diagnosis and cost to diagnosis : Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Putro Yuni Artha Prabowo , Aryandono Teguh , Widodo Irianiwati , Magetsari Rahadyan , Pramono Dibyo , Johan Muhammad Phetrus , Abidin Moh Asri , Wikantyasa Ardanariswara , Huwaidi A Faiz , Saraswati Paramita Ayu
Published: July 2024

Background Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease (MBD) often present with complaints of pain and multiple osteolytic lesions findings. Remarkably, 30% of these cases exhibit an undetected primary lesion. Hence, categorizing them as MBD of unknown origin. The diagnostic processes of patients with MBD of unknown origin typically takes up to four months, rendering it as a catastrophic disease with the second-highest financial burden. Given its urgency, it is necessary to develop a evidence-based consensus for managing cases of MBD with an unknown origin. Purpose This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of treating patients with MBD of unknown origin through the application of the INA-MBD algorithm. Research method A quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design was conducted with a total of 128 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were consecutively enrolled and categorized into two groups: the intervention group with the INA-MBD algorithm and the non-intervention group without the INA-MBD algorithm. The primary outcomes were the cost and time to diagnose MBD of unknown origin. The proposed measuring tool was the INA-MBD algorithm. Furthermore, for the cost-to-diagnosis variable, an extra measurement tool was used, which were summaries of the patient’s medical bill including hospital stays and medical procedures. The analysis of data related to the time-to-diagnosis variable was conducted using the Log Rank regression test, and cost-to-diagnosis variable was carried out using co-variance test.
Case Report : Navigating the uncommon: Medicopsis romeroi-induced corneal ulcer
Authors: Shetty Dr. Prerana A , Vuyyuru Sowjanya , Tara Divya , Bhalerao Sushank
Published: July 2024

Abstract* This report details a rare case of corneal infection caused by Medicopsis romeroi, highlighting clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome. An early adolescence male, after recent corneal tear repair, presented acute eye pain, redness, and decreased vision for 1 day. He underwent corneal tear repair elsewhere post vegetative matter-related swimming injury. Ophthalmic examination revealed a 2.5*3.3mm ulcer around sutures. Corneal scrapings enabled microscopy and culture. With lesion worsening, tissue adhesive (TA) and bandage contact lens (BCL) were applied. Fungal culture identified Medicopsis romeroi. Patient's history, clinical course, and treatment were documented. Microscopy unveiled fungal hyphae, later confirmed as Medicopsis romeroi. Treatment included topical/systemic antifungals. Post-TA + BCL, significant improvement followed, with re-epithelialization, scarring. This report underscores the importance of considering rare fungal pathogens like Medicopsis romeroi in cases of corneal ulcers, especially in individuals with unusual risk factors. Timely diagnosis through microscopy and fungal culture, coupled with tailored antifungal treatment led to successful management and favorable patient outcomes. This case also emphasizes the significance of vigilant clinical observation, precise laboratory analysis, and multidisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists and microbiologists in managing atypical ocular infections.
Practical tips for a fast and successful transition to an online curriculum
Authors: Bras Chloé E.C. , Jongkind Remco C. , van Veen Ellen L. , Pang Kim Win , Olthof Laura E. , Boerboom Tobias B.B.
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the following lockdown forced educational institutions to transform their face-to-face curriculum into an online programme in a matter of weeks. In this article, we present 12 tips for a successful transition based on the challenges that we faced in the Bachelor of Medicine at Amsterdam Medical Centre. These tips are divided in four main themes: infrastructure, faculty development, student engagement, and teaching activities. The Community of Inquiry model is used as backbone in all tips, since the three elements, teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence are essential factors in effective online education. These tips can be useful for everyone who wants to implement online education in their curriculum, whether borne out of necessity or by design.
Practical tips for teaching medicine in the metaverse
Authors: Rodriguez-Florido Miguel Angel , Maynar Manuel
Published: July 2024

The metaverse is based on immersive technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, body tracking, tactile sensation, etc. A growing number of studies are demonstrating the potential of the metaverse as an attractive resource for learning medicine. However, in practice, medical teachers and students often encounter significant challenges when utilizing the underlying technologies, potentially leading to frustrating learning experiences. A significant part of the teaching time is often devoted to troubleshooting technical issues with the metaverse, and the medical content itself taking a backseat until students become proficient in navigating the metaverse environment. Therefore, it is essential to fit the metaverse's underlying technologies specifically for medical education, minimizing technical hurdles for both teachers and students. In this paper, we deal with this challenge and we present a collection of practical tips that serves as a guide for medical educators making decisions in this emerging field, where they may lack prior experience. Drawing on our observation with a cohort of 776 medical students, we conclude how to effectively identify, design, or implement educational applications tailored for efficient medical learning through the metaverse. Our work may support teachers considering metaverse learning platforms for their classrooms and it is a beneficial reference for the medical education community during the initial stages of implementing the metaverse for teaching.
Development of Problem-Based Learning Video Using Renderforest Application on Pythagoras Material
Authors: Ravilla Trisca Dwi
Published: July 2024

This study explores the significant role of animated videos in enhancing students' learning motivation, grounded in the principles of motivational elements. Animated videos capture and sustain attention through visual appeal, engaging storytelling, interactivity, and emotionally engaging content. These elements make learning more relatable and enjoyable, leading to increased motivation and retention. Cognitive Load Theory posits that learners have a limited capacity for processing information, and animated videos can effectively manage the cognitive load by segmenting information, utilizing dual coding, and providing visual cues to guide attention. The successful development of a video-based learning medium on the Pythagorean theorem for eighth-grade students, created using the Renderforest application, demonstrates the practical application and potential of animated videos in education. The study suggests further development of such media into comprehensive, interactive applications to enhance students' learning motivation and understanding, highlighting the transformative potential of animation in educational settings.