bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of full-disc Hαobservations: Carrington maps and filament properties in 1909–2022
Authors: Chatzistergos Theodosios , Ermolli Ilaria , Banerjee Dipankar , Barata Teresa , Chouinavas Ioannis , Falco Mariachiara , Gafeira Ricardo , Giorgi Fabrizio , Hanaoka Yoichiro , Krivova Natalie A. , Korokhin Viktor V. , Lourenço Ana , Marchenko Gennady P. , Malherbe Jean-Marie , Peixinho Nuno , Romano Paolo , Sakurai Takashi
Published: September 2023

Context.Full-disc observations of the Sun in the Hαline provide information about the solar chromosphere, and in particular, about the filaments, which are dark and elongated features that lie along magnetic field polarity-inversion lines. This makes them important for studies of solar magnetism. Because full-disc Hαobservations have been performed at various sites since the second half of the 19th century, with regular photographic data having started at the beginning of the 20th century, they are an invaluable source of information on past solar magnetism.

Aims.We derive accurate information about filaments from historical and modern full-disc Hαobservations.

Methods.We consistently processed observations from 15 Hαarchives spanning 1909–2022. The analysed datasets include long-running ones such as those from Meudon and Kodaikanal, but also previously unexplored datasets such as those from Arcetri, Boulder, Larissa, and Upice. Our data processing includes photometric calibration of the data stored on photographic plates, the compensation for limb-darkening, and the orientation of the data to align solar north at the top of the images. We also constructed Carrington maps from the calibrated Hαimages.

Results.We find that filament areas, similar to plage areas in Ca IIK data, are affected by the bandwidth of the observation. Thus, a cross calibration of the filament areas derived from different archives is needed. We produced a composite of filament areas from individual archives by scaling all of them to the Meudon series. Our composite butterfly diagram very distinctly shows the common features of filament evolution, that is, the poleward migration as well as a decrease in the mean latitude of filaments as the cycle progresses. We also find that during activity maxima, filaments cover ∼1% of the solar surface on average. The change in the amplitude of cycles in filament areas is weaker than in sunspot and plage areas.

Conclusions.Analysis of Hαdata for archives with contemporaneous Ca IIK observations allowed us to identify and verify archive inconsistencies, which also have implications for reconstructions of past solar magnetism and irradiance from Ca IIK data.
Ectopic Spleen in the Pelvis: A Case Report
Authors: Algheryani Abdelhakim , Muftah Younis Sarah
Published: September 2023

Ectopic spleen is a rare clinical condition characterized by splenic hypermobility caused by elongation or mal-development of the suspensory ligaments leading to the presence of spleen outside of its normal position. It is most commonly presented in children younger than 1 year and in females of childbearing age.

A 34-year-old woman underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after suspicion of uterine fibroids. The patient only complained of a painless lower abdominal mass. MRI revealed the enlarged spleen in the pelvic area, measuring 17 × 4.6 cm, suspended by elongated, dilated, and tortuous pedicle in the absence of the spleen in its normal position. Multiple factors could be attributed to the development of an ectopic spleen. These include the following: (1) congenital anomalies in the development of the dorsal mesogastrium and the absence or malformation of the normal splenic suspensory ligaments, (2) acquired conditions such as splenomegaly and pregnancy. An ectopic spleen can present in a variety of ways clinically. It might pass unnoticed throughout life. However, ectopic spleen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presented with an abdominal mass. Imaging modalities are used to make a final diagnosis. The treatment choice for an ectopic spleen is splenopexy. Splenectomy is only necessary in case of an infarction.
Can a Single Glomerulus Morphology Implicate Successful Therapy?
Authors: Ezwaie Mohamed O. , Elbarasi Sabah M. , Shawish Huda A.
Published: September 2023

Recurrent gross hematuria of glomerular origin is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and in absence of specific serological marker, renal biopsy is mandatory to address the definitive diagnosis, and set out an appropriate therapeutic protocol. Technical deficiencies associated with practice of renal biopsy are frequently encountered, as inadequate number of glomeruli or poor immunofluorescence staining of kidney biopsy specimen; however, these deficiencies can be offset by detailed electron microscopy analysis of a single abnormal glom.

We present a single middle-aged Libyan woman, with a rare glomerular disease, related to abnormal activation of alternative complement pathway, where renal biopsy report was initially not adequate and lacking immunohistochemistry workup. However, electron microscopy reports a characteristic abnormal glomerular deposit, coupled with clinical and biochemical data that guided our therapeutic protocol.

In a middle-aged female who presented with recurrent gross hematuria and nephrotic range proteinuria, we should suspect a glomerular pathology. Further to immunoglobulin A nephropathy or lupus nephritis, particularly in presence of complement abnormalities and negative serology for glomerulopathy-related autoantibodies, dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis that are rare complement mediated glomerulopathy should be considered as a seronegative lupus nephritis-equivalent, in terms of their membranoproliferative features on light microscopy, and when setting out appropriate therapeutic protocol. Patient and family counseling for C3 glomerulopathy is essential because this type of glomerulopathy has a recurrence rate after kidney transplant.
Directly Integrating Health Information Exchange (HIE) Data with the Electronic Health Record Increases HIE Use by Emergency Department Clinicians
Authors: Rivera Rebecca L. , Hosler Heidi , Jang Jeong Hoon , Schaffer Jason T. , Price John , Vest Joshua R. , Schleyer Titus K.
Published: September 2023

Objectives This article (1) develops a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources app, Health Dart, that integrates information from Indiana's community health information exchange (HIE), the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC), directly with Cerner, an electronic health record (EHR), and (2) evaluates the effect of Health Dart's implementation on HIE use.

Methods Health Dart was implemented in 14 Indiana University Health emergency departments (EDs) using a stepped-wedge study design. We analyzed rates of INPC use in 286,175 ED encounters between October 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of INPC use given the implementation context, such as user interface (UI) enhancements and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Results INPC use increased by 131% across all encounters (from 3.6 to 8.3%; p < 0.001) after Health Dart implementation. INPC use increased by 144% (from 3.6 to 8.8%; p < 0.001) more than 2 months postimplementation. After UI enhancements, postimplementation INPC use increased by 123% (from 3.5 to 7.8%) compared to 181% (from 3.6 to 10.1%; p < 0.001) in postimplementation encounters that occurred before UI enhancements. During the pandemic, postimplementation INPC use increased by 135% (from 3.4 to 8.0%; p < 0.001) compared to 178% (from 3.6 to 10%; p < 0.001) in postimplementation encounters that occurred before the pandemic. Statistical significance was determined using 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05).

Conclusion Direct integration of HIE information into an EHR substantially increased frequency of HIE use, but the effect was weakened by the UI enhancements and pandemic. HIE information integrated into EHRs in the form of problem-oriented dashboards can potentially make information retrieval more efficient and effective for clinicians.
Exploring place branding in the Global South: the case of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Mbinza Zenzile
Published: September 2023

This paper presents two points of discussion. Firstly, the paper contends that through the efforts made by the city of Johannesburg (CoJ, the council) in branding, there is scope to explore cities in the Global South from other perspectives other than the popular obsessions of poverty, informality and violence that currently litter literature on exploring urban issues in these settings especially amongst scholars in the developed world. Secondly, it argues that the CoJ, through its consecutive place brands, has complicated its relationship with different stakeholders including residents and businesses. This is because in comparison to other cities in South Africa and in Africa more generally, the city of Johannesburg has managed to develop strong, recognisable place brands over time. While this is lauded, it leaves room to ruminate about the necessity of place branding in a city that is encumbered by huge socio-economic divides.
The impact of country of origin on consumer purchase decision of luxury vs. fast fashion: case of Saudi female consumers
Authors: Abalkhail Tagreed Saleh
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of country of origin on purchase decisions of luxury and fast fashion. The countries of origin include the US and European countries like France, Italy, UK, Spain, Germany, and Sweden. Moreover, conspicuous consumption was included in this research as a mediating variable, and brands from the US and Europe were evaluated. A total of 443 women were surveyed. The data were assessed using a structural equation model and a t-test. The results confirm the positive relationship between the country of origin and purchase decision of luxury and fast fashion; conspicuous consumption acted as a mediating variable that affected this relation. The results also confirm the positive relationship between conspicuous consumption and consumer purchase decisions of luxury and fast fashion brands. No difference was found between luxury and fast fashion in terms of the relation to the country of origin and conspicuous consumption. Moreover, US brands were evaluated higher than European ones for both luxury and fast fashion. This study gives insight into the role of country of origin in purchase decisions. In addition, it provides a deep understanding of the term of conspicuous consumption and its relation not only to luxury but also to fast fashion.
Industrial policy environments and the flourishing of African multinational enterprises
Authors: Zoogah Baniyelme D. , Degbey William Y. , Elo Maria
Published: September 2023

Research on African organizations has focused on the influence of environmental factors in organizational effectiveness. However, increasing concerns about challenges in Africa and how they negatively affect organizational outcomes have necessitated leveraging the “positive turn” of organizational scholarship to advance a perspective of how industrial policies can permit Africa-originated multinational enterprises (A-MNEs) to flourish. We propose a multilevel model in which the industrial policy environment comprised of agency and policy development positively impacts A-MNE flourishing, a composite index of human, environmental, and economic flourishing. This relationship is mediated by industrial policies – labor, trade, infrastructure, and resources – and moderated by policy fit, relevance, and timeliness. Overall, we shift the old paradigm of organizational outcomes represented by organizational effectiveness to a new paradigm represented by organizational flourishing. This new paradigm seems more appropriate for Africa, which is bedeviled by unusual challenges that limit effectiveness. We discuss empirical testing of the model and implications for managers.
Finding common ground in uncertain times: assessing the prospect of multilateralism in transatlantic climate change policy
Authors: Wiedekind Jakob , Lemke Christiane
Published: September 2023

Climate change policy stands out as a highly salient issue in European and in American public opinion. This article contends that a significant transatlantic consensus supports multilateral action on climate change. Leveraging a broad review of survey data in our time series, the analysis identifies a clear pattern of increasing agreement in public opinion. Yet progress in joint transatlantic climate change action has been rather slow and fragmented. To explain this puzzle, we connect these findings to pitfalls for transatlantic cooperation by weighing partisan polarization and regional differences in the U.S. and country variations in the EU as plausible hurdles to policy consistency. We argue that, beneath broader trends in shared concerns, roadblocks on the national level inhibit the implementation of coherent and effective transatlantic climate change policies.
Swarming of P. aeruginosa: Through the lens of biophysics
Authors: Bru Jean-Louis , Kasallis Summer J. , Zhuo Quantum , Høyland-Kroghsbo Nina Molin , Siryaporn Albert
Published: September 2023

Swarming is a collective flagella-dependent movement of bacteria across a surface that is observed across many species of bacteria. Due to the prevalence and diversity of this motility modality, multiple models of swarming have been proposed, but a consensus on a general mechanism for swarming is still lacking. Here, we focus on swarming by Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to the abundance of experimental data and multiple models for this species, including interpretations that are rooted in biology and biophysics. In this review, we address three outstanding questions about P. aeruginosa swarming: what drives the outward expansion of a swarm, what causes the formation of dendritic patterns (tendrils), and what are the roles of flagella? We review models that propose biologically active mechanisms including surfactant sensing as well as fluid mechanics-based models that consider swarms as thin liquid films. Finally, we reconcile recent observations of P. aeruginosa swarms with early definitions of swarming. This analysis suggests that mechanisms associated with sliding motility have a critical role in P. aeruginosa swarm formation.
In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of 4-aminopyridine- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures
Authors: Wang Yuhling , Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Liao Lun-De
Published: September 2023

Clinical and preclinical studies on epileptic seizures are closely linked to the study of neurovascular coupling. Obtaining reliable information about cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area of epileptic activity through minimally invasive techniques is crucial for research in this field. In our studies, we used laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to gather information about the local blood circulation in the area of epileptic activity. We used two models of epileptic seizures: one based on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and another based on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We verified the duration of an epileptic seizure using electrocorticography (ECoG). We applied the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) to both models, but its effect was different in each case. However, in both models, TPM had an effect on neurovascular coupling in the area of epileptic activity, as shown by both LSCI and ECoG data. We demonstrated that TPM significantly reduced the amplitude of 4-AP-induced epileptic seizures (4-AP+TPM: 0.61 ± 0.13 mV vs 4-AP: 1.08 ± 0.19 mV; p < 0.05), and it also reduced gamma power in ECoG in PTZ-induced epileptic seizures (PTZ+TPM: 38.5% ± 11.9% of the peak value vs PTZ: 59.2% ± 3.0% of peak value; p < 0.05). We also captured the pattern of CBF changes during focal epileptic seizures induced by 4-AP. Our data confirm that the system of simultaneous cortical LSCI and registration of ECoG makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in various types of epileptic seizures in in vivo models and provides spatial and temporal information on the process of ictogenesis.
Calibrated χ(2)-tensor polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy for precise tissue imaging
Authors: Lee Ming-Xin , Wang Wei-Hsun , Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Ming-Chi , Chou Chun-Yu , Lin Shou-Tai , Lin Chin-Yu , Kao Fu-Jen , Zhuo Guan-Yu
Published: September 2023

Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is commonly used to analyze the second-order susceptibility, χ(2), tensor, which enables the calculation of the molecular structure of harmonophores. However, despite extensive research on type I collagen, the measured χ(2) ratios vary considerably among published values, which raises the question of whether P-SHG imaging is universally applicable to all tissues containing harmonophores. In this work, we propose that the deviation of χ(2) ratios is primarily due to ignoring the molecular tilt angle and chirality in image analysis. To confirm our hypothesis, we present an analytical model based on C6 symmetry that takes into account these two factors. We also introduce an imaging scheme that splits SHG into X- and Y-polarized image components for χ(2) tensor analysis. Our approach effectively improves the precision of determining χ(2) ratios, depending on how much the two factors affect the P-SHG signals.
Allied health service delivery in residential aged care and the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a survey of the allied health workforce
Authors: Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Raban Magdalena Z. , Seaman Karla , Wabe Nasir , Westbrook Johanna
Published: September 2023

Objectives Industry reports suggest that routine and essential care in Australian residential aged care (RAC), including allied health (AH) services, were disrupted during the coronavirus diseas 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore whether AH services in RAC were paused during the pandemic, factors associated with a pause in care delivery, and qualitative details on how COVID-19 impacted AH service delivery. Methods A 26-question survey was distributed via social media, health service providers, and AH networks between February and April 2022. Participation was restricted to AH professionals and assistants with experience in RAC during the pandemic. A mix of closed and open-ended response questions was used to collect demographic data and experiences of delivering care during the pandemic. Quantitative responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and a probit model. Content analysis was performed on open-ended questions. Results One hundred and four AH professionals and assistants responded to the survey. Fifty-five percent of participants (n = 51) were contractually or casually employed. AH services were negatively impacted by the pandemic with 52% of respondents experiencing a pause in service delivery and 78% reporting poorer AH care quality. In a probit model, contracted/casually employed respondents were more likely to experience a pause in care delivery (1.03, P < 0.05) compared to permanently employed AH professionals. Conclusion Insecure work arrangements may have exacerbated inconsistent care during the pandemic (impacting residents) and may have negative implications on the RAC AH workforce. In the future, an AH inclusive workforce policy including data collection and research is required to monitor and plan the RAC workforce.
Context-dependent function of the transcriptional regulator Rap1 in gene silencing and activation in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bondra Eliana R. , Rine Jasper
Published: September 2023

In
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
heterochromatin is formed through interactions between site-specific DNA-binding factors, including the transcriptional activator Repressor Activator Protein (Rap1), and Sir proteins. Despite an understanding of the establishment and maintenance of Sir-silenced chromatin, the mechanism of gene silencing by Sir proteins has remained a mystery. Utilizing high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that Rap1, the native activator of the bidirectional
HML
α promoter, bound its recognition sequence in silenced chromatin, and its binding was enhanced by the presence of Sir proteins. In contrast to prior results, various components of transcription machinery were not able to access
HML
α in the silenced state. These findings disproved the long-standing model of indiscriminate steric occlusion by Sir proteins and led to investigation of the role of the transcriptional activator Rap1 in Sir-silenced chromatin. Using a highly sensitive assay that monitors loss-of-silencing events, we identified a role for promoter-bound Rap1 in the maintenance of silent chromatin through interactions with the Sir complex. We also found that promoter-bound Rap1 activated
HML
α when in an expressed state, and aided in the transition from transcription initiation to elongation. Highlighting the importance of epigenetic context in transcription factor function, these results point toward a model in which the duality of Rap1 function was mediated by local chromatin environment rather than binding-site availability.
Time dependent deformation of LaCoO3 based perovskites at different temperatures: ferroelastic and non-ferroelastic creep behaviour
Authors: Lugovy M. , Bondar M. , Orlovskaya N. , Reece M.J. , Graule T. , Blugan G.
Published: September 2023

Analysis of the creep behaviour of ferroelastic LaCoO3 and La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 perovskites at room and elevated temperatures is presented. It was found that the creep behaviour of the two LaCoO3-based compositions was determined by ferroelastic and non-ferroelastic creep strain components. Both the ferroelastic and non-ferroelastic creep strain components showed a strong dependence on bending stress. The ferroelastic creep depends on the coercive stress in LaCoO3 based perovskites, which in turn is a function of temperature. In addition, the ferroelastic creep strain has the same sign as the total strain of cobaltites upon loading, however, it has the opposite sign relative to the total strain upon unloading. Non-ferroelastic creep was negligibly small in both perovskites at low temperatures, however, its contribution toward the total creep increased significantly at elevated temperature. Non-ferroelastic creep strain has the same sign as the total strain both upon loading and upon unloading.
Effects of (Li0.5Nd0.5)2+ on the phase evolution, Raman spectra and microwave dielectric properties in CaO–Nd2O3–TiO2 ceramic
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xiong Zhe , Tang Bin , Yang Chengtao
Published: September 2023

The rapid advancement of mobile communications technology is imposing greater demands on electronic components. Microwave dielectric ceramics with a high dielectric constant (ϵr
) are crucial for the miniaturization and integration of microwave devices. Herein, The perovskite-structured (Ca0.61Nd0.26)1−x
(Li0.5Nd0.5)
x
TiO3 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.8) microwave dielectric ceramics with high ϵr
value were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The results demonstrated that the ϵr
value reached its peak at x = 0.6, which was influenced by the bond valence at B-sites. The τ
f and Q× f values decreased with increasing x value. Doping (Li0.5Nd0.5)2+ at A-sites led to an increase in the full width at half maximum of Raman peaks, indicating higher internal loss. A high dielectric constant and temperature-stable (Ca0.61Nd0.26)0.27(Li0.5Nd0.5)0.73TiO3 ceramic can be sintered with good microwave dielectric properties of ϵr
= 129.4, Q× f= 2,787 GHz, and τ
f = +1.9 ppm/°C.
Adaptive receptive field based on multi-size convolution kernel for micro-defect detection of turbine blades
Authors: Liu Peng , Yuan Xiaolong , Ren Hongfei , Liao Kunyi , Kang Shuwei , Zhang Jianhai
Published: September 2023

Because turbine blades are essential parts of aircraft engines, micro-defects on the surface of turbine blades induce accidents in aircraft crashes. The detection of micro-defects in aerospace turbine blades is achieved within the realm of non-destructive evaluation. Given that most of the defects are tiny and spread randomly on a curved surface, which cannot be completely detected by current target detection methods, it is feasible for micro-defects to be effectively detected by the fluorescent magnetic particle method. In this paper, we propose a Defect Classification (DCLS)-Deformable Detection Transformer (DETR) model to inspect micro-defects in an automatic fluorescent magnetic particle inspection system. In the DCLS-Deformable DETR model, an adaptive receptive field (ARF) attention module is designed, which considers the interdependencies between the channel features of different feature maps. The weights between the channels of each feature map were also considered, while adaptively adjusting the receptive field according to the detection target size. The DCLS-Deformable DETR model with ARF increased the AP from 63.4% to 64% and AP50 from 95.2% to 97.2%, compared to the Deformable DETR. Turbine blades include three typical defects: linear cracks, reticular cracks, and pitting corrosion. Compared with the original model, the proposed model enhances the AP of three defect types by 1.8%, 2% and 4.7% respectively. The DCLS-Deformable DETR model considers the position, level information, and channel information of the input samples, which can capture micro-defects around large defects.
Modeling CDRX and MDRX during hot forming of zircaloy-4
Authors: Grand Victor , Flipon Baptiste , Gaillac Alexis , Bernacki Marc
Published: September 2023

A recently developed full field level-set model of continuous dynamic recrystallization is applied to simulate zircaloy-4 recrystallization during hot compression and subsequent heat treatment. The influence of strain rate, final strain and initial microstructure is investigated, by experimental and simulation tools. The recrystallization heterogeneity is quantified. This enables to confirm that quenched microstructures display a higher extent of heterogeneity. The simulation results replicate satisfactorily experimental observations. The simulation framework is especially able to capture such recrystallization heterogeneity induced by a different initial microstructure. Finally, the role of intragranular dislocation density heterogeneities over the preferential growth of recrystallized grains is pointed out thanks to additional simulations with different numerical formulations.
Propagation of a pulsed nanosecond discharge on a water surface in non-symmetrical configuration, and comparison with the symmetrical configuration
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Herrmann Antoine
Published: September 2023

Non-thermal plasmas produced by pulsed nanosecond discharges at atmospheric pressure are of great interest for fundamental as well as technological and environmental applications due to their high reactivity. When generated in air in contact with water, these discharges induce many physical and chemical phenomena at the interface, including pattern formation. Although the patterns generated in symmetrical configuration have been extensively studied, those produced by asymmetrical discharges are not well characterized. In this study, we report the propagation dynamics of a nanosecond discharge produced in air in contact with water using electrodes mounted in parallel direction relative to the water surface (i.e. asymmetric configuration). The influence of the high voltage polarity and water electrical conductivity on the discharge pattern is investigated using fast imaging and electrical diagnostics. The obtained results demonstrate that under positive voltage polarity, plasma dots are produced along the ionization front. These dots have been previously observed in symmetrical configuration; however, their propagation velocity is greater in asymmetrical configuration, particularly in front of the anode. Under negative polarity conditions, a homogeneous emission pattern is observed, except in the area in front of the cathode, where dots are detected in the ionization front. Based on this data, the E-field threshold beyond which plasma dots are formed is estimated to be ∼5 × 108 V m−1. Overall, the results reported herein provide a fundamental understanding of plasma-water interactions.
Bloch oscillations in anti-PT-symmetric electrical circuit resonators
Authors: Wang Xiumei , Jiang Hengxuan , Sun Jinyang , Pan Keyu , Shen Xizhou , Chen Xi , Chen Jie , Zhou Xingping
Published: September 2023

Bloch oscillation is a phenomenon from solid state physics, describing a wave packet in periodic potential undergoing periodic oscillations in space, returning to the initial position after one oscillation cycle, under the action of a weak constant force. This wave phenomenon pertains to many physical systems including acoustic or optical resonators, and optical waveguides. Herein, we demonstrate discrete diffraction and Bloch oscillations, in a non-Hermitian electric circuit chain with anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry. The electric circuit chain consists of an LC circuit with operational amplifiers. We theoretically investigate the time-domain dynamics in different symmetry phases of the system. The time evolution of the envelope of voltage is in excellent agreement with coupled mode theory numerical calculations.
Transport phenomena in the near-field region of Stefen flow
Authors: Xiong Zhewen , Cao Haishan
Published: September 2023

Stefan flow is a transport phenomenon concerning the movement of one component of a multi-component mixture that is induced by the production or removal of the component at an interface. Fick’s law is often used to describe the transport phenomena in many physical and chemical processes. However, when the system scales down to the order of molecular mean free path, the influence of interface that is not considered in Fick’s law, cannot be neglected. To predict the transport phenomena in the near-field region, the Herz-Knudsen (HK) relation is often adopted, in which the near-field region controlled by the HK relation was assumed as a zero-thickness layer. Our theoretical analysis has shown that this assumption is less physically realistic. In this study, we derive the thickness of the near-field region through the analysis of the theoretical binary diffusion coefficient and corresponding mass flux. Based on the analysis, we propose a modified Fick’s law to describe the far-field and near-field regions separately. The validity of this modified Fick’s law and its difference from Fick’s law coupled with the HK relation are demonstrated by comparing the partial pressure distributions of binary mixtures, predicted by the two versions of Fick’s law and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, due to the deposition of one component on a cold surface. The comparison results show that the modified Fick’s law outperforms the Fick’s law coupled with the HK relation in accuracy at high deposition coefficients for H2O/N2 mixture and in stability within the range of this study. Moreover, the situations when the modified Fick’s law is required are discussed. This study provides a more molecular-level insight into the transport phenomena in the near-field region of Stefen flow.
A local rewiring strategy for accelerating information propagation under complex propagation mechanism
Authors: Song Jiahui
Published: September 2023

Controlling the spread of information or rumors in complex networks has always been a subject of extensive attention and research. Generally speaking, taking the most influential node in the network as the propagation spreader or cutting off the most important link in the propagation process can maximize the promotion or suppression of information transmission. Therefore, many scholars have put forward many measurement methods to identify specific nodes and links in the network, and their theories are becoming more and more mature. However, in the face of large-scale networks, most of these methods are exposed to high computational complexity, low accuracy, and only applicable to specific networks. Some scholars try to enhance (inhibit) the dissemination of information by adding or deleting links, but the structural characteristics of the original network will be changed to a large extent, which also means that some basic functions related to the network have been changed. In this work, we propose a rewiring strategy to accelerate information propagation under complex propagation mechanism, which increases the number of redundant links by rewiring the second-order neighborhood of the initial propagation node. At the same time, the rewiring strategy preserves the degree distribution of nodes and modularization feature of the original network to a large extent. We apply our strategy to simulate the complex propagation of the information propagation (IST(I)) model on different networks. The simulation results show that the rewired network can accelerate the propagation of information more effectively, and the number of spreaders in the network increases significantly, and the propagation rate of information is enhanced significantly. In addition, this paper also proposed for the first time an index that quantifies both the transmission ability and infectivity of the information at the micro level, namely the number of regenerated infections

κ
,

which was optimally estimated by statistical inference. We also compare the changes of various topological characteristics of the network before and after the rewiring. We find that the structural characteristics related to the propagation dynamics of the network after the rewiring are significantly enhanced.
Weight thresholded regularized robust coding for vision sensing-based hand gesture detection in collaborative robotics
Authors: Ghosh Saibal , Paral Pritam , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: September 2023

Vision sensing-based hand gesture recognition is considered an important contemporary research problem of collaborative robotics in a human-robot coexisting environment. The problem becomes more complex in challenging environments, where a robot needs to correctly recognize a human gesture to perform navigation or some other designated job, even in the presence of poor illumination conditions, occlusion, etc. This work proposes a novel approach of successfully utilizing regularized robust coding (RRC)-based models to solve such hand gesture detection problems in real-life, challenging situations. The RRC model is used for robust regression of a signal or image and is known as an improvement over the classical sparse representation-based classification (SRC) model. In this work, we propose three novel variants of weight thresholding mechanism in conjunction with RRC (named WTRRC algorithms) which essentially employ more error-tolerant concepts of logistic functions for weight update, when the dictionary is formed by real-world, photometrically irregular hand gesture images. Extensive case studies in real-world environments (i) with poor illumination, and (ii) with both poor illumination and occlusions firmly establish superior performances of the proposed WTRRC variants compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms in such collaborative robotics problems.
Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography
Authors: Ji 季 Jiaying 佳滢 , Zheng 郑 Zhigang 志刚 , Zhu 朱 Jialong 家龙 , Wang 王 Le 乐 , Wang 王 Xinguang 新光 , Zhao 赵 Shengmei 生妹
Published: September 2023

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology. Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.
Photophysics of metal-organic frameworks: A brief overview
Authors: Liu 刘 Qingshuo 晴硕 , Yu 余 Junhong 俊宏 , Hu 胡 Jianbo 建波
Published: September 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are self-assembled porous coordination materials, have garnered considerable attention in the fields of optoelectronics, photovoltaic, photochemistry, and photocatalysis due to their diverse structures and excellent tunability. However, the performance of MOF-based optoelectronic applications currently falls short of the industry benchmark. To enhance the performance of MOF materials, it is imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of photophysics and sequentially optimizing properties related to photocarrier transport, recombination, interaction, and transfer. By utilizing femtosecond laser pulses to excite MOFs, time-resolved optical spectroscopy offers a means to observe and characterize these ultrafast microscopic processes. This approach adds the time coordinate as a novel dimension for comprehending the interaction between light and MOFs. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the photophysics of MOFs and additionally outlines potential avenues for exploring the time domain in the investigation of MOFs.
Phantom cosmologies from the simplest parameterization of the DE model using observational data in a BI type universe
Authors: Hossienkhani H. , Mahmoodi F. , Fayaz V. , Terohid S.A.A. , Azimi N. , Zarei Z.
Published: September 2023

To scrutinize the nature of dark energy, many equations of state have been proposed. In this context, we examine the simplest parameterization of the equation of state parameter of dark energy in an anisotropic Bianchi type I universe compared with the ΛCDM model. Using different combinations of data samples, including Pantheon and Pantheon + H(z), alongside applying the minimization of the

function of the distance modulus of data samples, we obtain the constrained values of cosmographic parameters in the parameterization of the dark energy scenario. One condition of the phantom barrier crossing is acquired. Several physical properties of the universe are discussed by considering the anisotropy effect and different observational data points. One should note that the deductions of the cosmological parameter verify recent observational data.
List-mode quantitative joint reconstruction of activity and attenuation maps in Time-of-Flight PET
Authors: Hemmati Hamidreza , Kamali-Asl Alireza , Ghafarian Pardis , Rahmim Arman , Zaidi Habib , Reza Ay Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Quantitative PET imaging requires accurate determination of
patient-specific attenuation maps, which remains challenging on
hybrid PET/MRI systems owing to the lack of a direct relationship
between MR image intensity and attenuation coefficients. The aim of
the present study is to develop a list-mode based algorithm for
accurate and robust attenuation correction of PET data using
time-of-flight (TOF) emission information. We analyze and address
the challenges of list-mode emission-based maximum-likelihood joint
estimation of activity and attenuation (LM-MLAA) in state-of-the-art
PET imaging. The proposed method exploits a rapid on-the-fly system
matrix calculation algorithm based on elliptic integrals while
updating the attenuation map from accumulating list-mode
coincidences to achieve accelerated image reconstruction. The
scattering compensation is incorporated inside it using an iterative
approach in such that the current estimation of attenuation map used
on a course grid sampling scattering points to make an estimate of
scattering. The performance of the proposed LM-MLAA approach was
evaluated on Monte Carlo simulations of a phantom at different time
resolutions. The contrast and noise for hot and cold regions on
reconstructed images at different time resolutions were
analysed. The estimated attenuation map exhibits resilience against
noise, effectively eliminates high-frequency cross-talk even in the
absence of prior information on attenuation coefficients, and
enables discrimination among different anatomical regions in the
reconstructed image. The error in the mean estimated attenuation
coefficients after 50 iterations was ∼ 2% in water and
 ∼ -14% in Teflon regions for TOF resolutions corresponding to
those of most current commercial PET systems (∼ 500 ps). The
proposed LM-MLAA framework can be used for joint reconstruction of
activity and attenuation maps from list-mode emission data as
standalone or a complementary approach to existing in multimodality
imaging such as PET/MRI, where direct measurement attenuation maps
is not possible.
Industrial gamma-ray computed tomography utilizing rod plastic scintillators
Authors: Taheri Ali , Askari Mojtaba , Biganeh Ali , kochakpour Javad
Published: September 2023

In this work, an industrial gamma-ray-based computed
tomography system is constructed using a 50 cm rod plastic
scintillator coupled to PMTs at both ends. The ability of the system
is evaluated using two phantoms: one for contrast and one for
spatial resolution. Different cross-sectional images are
reconstructed for the phantoms using MLEM algorithm to extract
evaluation parameters. Such a system is suitable for scanning large
objects due to its spatial resolution limitation, which is about 1
cm.
Crater-like nanoelectrode arrays for electrochemical detection of dopamine release from neuronal cells
Authors: Cho Yeon-Woo , Park Joon-Ha , Kang Min-Ji , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: September 2023

Stem cell therapy has shown great potential in treating various incurable diseases using conventional chemotherapy. Parkinson’s disease (PD)—a neurodegenerative disease—has been reported to be caused by quantitative loss or abnormal functionality of dopaminergic neurons (DAnergic neurons). To date, stem cell therapies have shown some potential in treating PD through ex vivo engraftment of stem-cell-derived neurons. However, accurately identifying the differentiation and non-invasively evaluating the functionality and maturity of DAnergic neurons are formidable challenges in stem cell therapies. These strategies are important in enhancing the efficacy of stem cell therapies. In this study, we report a novel cell cultivation platform, that is, a nanocrater-like electrochemical nanoelectrode array (NCENA) for monitoring dopamine (DA) release from neurons to detect exocytotic DA release from DAnergic neurons. In particular, the developed NCENA has a nanostructure in which three-dimensional porous gold nanopillars are uniformly arranged on conductive electrodes. The developed NCENA exhibited great DA sensing capabilities with a linear range of 0.39–150 μM and a limit of detection of 1.16 μM. Furthermore, the nanotopographical cues provided by the NCENA are suitable for cell cultivation with enhanced cellular adhesion. Finally, we successfully analysed the functionality and maturity of differentiated neurons on the NCENA through its excellent sensing ability for exocytotic DA.
Impact of lateral melting on Arctic sea ice simulation in a coupled climate model
Authors: Fang Yongjie , Wu Tongwen , Wu Fanghua , Li Jianglong
Published: September 2023

Lateral melting is an important process driving the sea ice decay, yet it is not well represented in many Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. This study explores the impact of lateral melting on Arctic sea ice simulation by implementing lateral melting and floe size parameterization schemes in the medium resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model. Results from a series of CMIP6 historical-type experiments indicate that inclusion of lateral melting results in a reduction in both the Arctic sea ice concentration and thickness, thus improving the sea ice extent and volume simulation. Lateral melting increases open waters, leading to an enhanced net sea surface heat flux into the ocean and further increased lateral and bottom melting. This positive feedback is intensified from 1982 to 2014, particularly when the floe size parameterization scheme is introduced. This accelerates the Arctic sea ice decline from 1982 to 2014 in the model, which is more consistent with observations. Further analysis indicates that the enhancement of this feedback is associated with accelerated lateral melting due to the increased (decreased) trend of the sea surface temperature (floe size) from 1982 to 2014. This study highlights that sea ice lateral melting is an important factor affecting the simulation of Arctic sea ice decline and needs to be better represented in current climate models.
Modes of climate mobility under sea-level rise
Authors: Seeteram Nadia A , Ash Kevin , Sanders Brett F , Schubert Jochen E , Mach Katharine J
Published: September 2023

Exposure to sea-level rise (SLR) and flooding will make some areas uninhabitable, and the increased demand for housing in safer areas may cause displacement through economic pressures. Anticipating such direct and indirect impacts of SLR is important for equitable adaptation policies. Here we build upon recent advances in flood exposure modeling and social vulnerability assessment to demonstrate a framework for estimating the direct and indirect impacts of SLR on mobility. Using two spatially distributed indicators of vulnerability and exposure, four specific modes of climate mobility are characterized: (1) minimally exposed to SLR (Stable), (2) directly exposed to SLR with capacity to relocate (Migrating), (3) indirectly exposed to SLR through economic pressures (Displaced), and (4) directly exposed to SLR without capacity to relocate (Trapped). We explore these dynamics within Miami-Dade County, USA, a metropolitan region with substantial social inequality and SLR exposure. Social vulnerability is estimated by cluster analysis using 13 social indicators at the census tract scale. Exposure is estimated under increasing SLR using a 1.5 m resolution compound flood hazard model accounting for inundation from high tides and rising groundwater and flooding from extreme precipitation and storm surge. Social vulnerability and exposure are intersected at the scale of residential buildings where exposed population is estimated by dasymetric methods. Under 1 m SLR, 56% of residents in areas of low flood hazard may experience displacement, whereas 26% of the population risks being trapped (19%) in or migrating (7%) from areas of high flood hazard, and concerns of depopulation and fiscal stress increase within at least 9 municipalities where 50% or more of their total population is exposed to flooding. As SLR increases from 1 to 2 m, the dominant flood driver shifts from precipitation to inundation, with population exposed to inundation rising from 2.8% to 54.7%. Understanding shifting geographies of flood risks and the potential for different modes of climate mobility can enable adaptation planning across household-to-regional scales.