bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stop looking at me! associations between men's partner‐objectification and women's self‐objectification, body shame and life satisfaction in romantic relationships
Authors: Pecini Chiara , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Crapolicchio Eleonora , Stathi Sofia , Vezzali Loris , Andrighetto Luca
Published: June 2022

A growing amount of empirical evidence shows that sexual objectification can be elicited within the context of romantic relationships, leading to adverse consequences for women's well‐being. However, most of this research assessed women's self‐reported perceptions of being objectified by their romantic partner, while scant and not converging research has considered men's objectifying perceptions toward their romantic partners. Furthermore, little is known about the underlying mechanisms through which partner‐objectification is associated with negative consequences for women. To fill these gaps, we involved a sample of heterosexual couples (N = 196) and investigated whether men's partner‐objectification would be related to women's self‐objectification (in terms of self‐surveillance) and, in turn, their body shame. Further, we examined whether self‐objectification and body shame mediated the relation between men's partner‐objectification and women's undermined life satisfaction. Confirming our hypotheses, serial mediation analyses showed that partner‐objectification was associated with life satisfaction in women via the indirect effect of self‐objectification and body shame. Implications of these findings for literature on sexual objectification and relationship satisfaction are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Redox‐Induced Structural Change in Artificial Heterometallic‐Oxide Cluster Mimicking the Photosynthetic Oxygen‐Evolving Center
Authors: Xu Boran , Chen Yang , Yao Ruoqing , Chen Changhui , Zhang Chunxi
Published: June 2022

The oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) in photosynthesis is a unique Mn4CaO5‐cluster that catalyzes the water‐splitting reaction in nature. Understanding its catalytic mechanism for the O=O bond formation is of great challenge and long‐standing issue, which is severely restricted by the lack of precise structure and mechanism mimics of this heterometallic‐oxide cluster. Herein, we report two synthetic (Mn3XO4)2O‐clusters (X=Sr2+, La3+) that closely mimic the heterometallic‐oxide Mn3XO4 cubane and three different types of μ‐oxide bridges (μ2‐O2−, μ3‐O2−, and μ4‐O2−) simultaneously as seen in the OEC. By resolving the crystal structures of both oxidized and reduced forms of the cluster, we have identified significant redox‐induced structural changes that take place on the μ2‐oxide bridge, rather than the μ4‐oxide or μ3‐oxide bridges. Our results provide chemical insights into understanding the reactivity of three different types of oxide bridges in the biological Mn4CaO5‐cluster in PSII.
Tracking down false arguments – the teaching concept feil
Authors: van den Boom Marius , Marohn Annette
Published: June 2022

Der Artikel stellt das Unterrichtskonzept „feil: Fehlschlüsse identifizieren lernen“ vor. In diesem werden Lernende für einen kritischen Umgang mit Argumenten sensibilisiert: Sie erarbeiten ausgewählte Fehlschluss‐Typen und nutzen das Gelernte, um Argumente in naturwissenschaftlichen Kontroversen und in der Werbung zu prüfen. Sie lernen außerdem, Fehlschlüsse in der eigenen Argumentation zu identifizieren. Aufgrund des Baukastensystems bietet das Unterrichtskonzept Lehrkräften die Möglichkeit, eigene Schwerpunkte zu setzen und den Umfang der Einheit selbst festzulegen. Das Konzept kann im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe I eingesetzt werden. Der letzte Abschnitt des Artikels gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Ergebnisse empirischer Erhebungen.
Citizen_Labs – conception and evaluation of a course on plastic waste and microplastic in adult education
Authors: Kreienhop Nils J. , Beeken Marco
Published: June 2022

Die Thematik Plastikmüll und Mikroplastik hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit in Berichterstattungen und den sozialen Medien gewonnen. Im Rahmen der Fridays‐for‐Future‐Bewegung gehen regelmäßig Jugendliche auf die Straße, um für eine nachhaltigere Zukunft einzustehen. In den zahlreichen Debatten rund um die Themenfelder wird allerdings oftmals der Anschein erweckt, dass ein absoluter Verzicht auf Kunststoffe notwendig sein müsste, der jedoch nicht immer möglich und nur bedingt nachhaltiger ist. Um diese Diskussionen zu versachlichen, wird in diesem Artikel ein Projekt im Kontext der Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung vorgestellt, welches das bereits beforschte Schülerlabor GreenLab_OS in die Erwachsenenbildung transferiert. Der rund 3‐stündige Kurs besteht aus 6 Kontexten inklusive einfacher Hands‐on‐Experimente. Neben der Konzeption und Durchführung wird zudem empirisch beforscht, welche geeigneten Kriterien sich für eine erfolgreiche Transformation festlegen lassen und inwiefern die Teilnahme Auswirkungen auf das Fachwissen zur Problematik sowie Umweltbewusstsein der Teilnehmenden hat.
Artificial photosynthesis in a bottle – hydrogen gas with light
Authors: Kremer Richard , Tausch Michael W.
Published: June 2022

Im Beitrag wird der Experimentalvortrag der Online‐Fachtagung der Fachgruppe Chemieunterricht der GDCh aus dem September 2021 in verkürzter und digital unterstützter Form wiedergegeben. Dabei wird vornehmlich auf arbeitstechnische Details bei dem Hauptexperiment, der photokatalytischen Herstellung von Wassersstoff unter Schulbedingungen, eingegangen. Anhand der beschriebenen Schritte lässt sich prototypisch die Entwicklung eines „schulgeeigneten“ Experiments nachvollziehen.
The First Structure of Human MTHFD2L and Its Implications for the Development of Isoform‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Scaletti Emma R. , Gustafsson Westergren Robert , Andersson Yasmin , Wiita Elisee , Henriksson Martin , Homan Evert J. , Jemth Ann‐Sofie , Helleday Thomas , Stenmark Pål
Published: June 2022

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is a mitochondrial 1‐carbon metabolism enzyme, which is an attractive anticancer drug target as it is highly upregulated in cancer but is not expressed in healthy adult cells. Selective MTHFD2 inhibitors could therefore offer reduced side‐effects during treatment, which are common with antifolate drugs that target other 1C‐metabolism enzymes. This task is challenging however, as MTHFD2 shares high sequence identity with the constitutively expressed isozymes cytosolic MTHFD1 and mitochondrial MTHFD2L. In fact, one of the most potent MTHFD2 inhibitors reported to date, TH7299, is actually more active against MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L. While structures of MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 exist, no MTHFD2L structures are available. We determined the first structure of MTHFD2L and its complex with TH7299, which reveals the structural basis for its highly potent MTHFD2L inhibition. Detailed analysis of the MTHFD2L structure presented here clearly highlights the challenges associated with developing truly isoform‐selective MTHFD2 inhibitors.
A formula embedding approach for semantic similarity and relatedness between formulas
Authors: Dadure Pankaj , Pakray Partha , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji
Published: June 2022

The mathematical formula is one of the most vital components in a scientific document, which can explicitly describe various complex concepts and ideas. In addition to numerical calculations, they are also used to clarify definitions and disambiguate explanations transcribed in natural language. Nevertheless, the formulas have a noteworthy impact in the scientific documents, the existing information retrieval systems have limited access to scientific documents based on formulas‐based queries. To accomplish this, in this research, we have studied and implemented the formula embedding approach, which encodes the formula into the embedded vector. For encoding the formula, we have used pretrained sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model. The proposed embedding model takes the latex formula as input and generates an upshot as a fixed dimensional embedding representation. In addition to this, the Siamese network is used to reform the semantic meaning of the formulas. Furthermore, the embedding of the formulas and the queried formula are compared, and cosine similarity is estimated. The performance of the suggested methodology is verified using a math stack exchange corpus of ARQMath 2020, and obtained results have shown a remarkable contribution in the task of formula retrieval.
Two‐Layer Silicene on the SiC Substrate: Lithiation Investigation in the Molecular Dynamics Experiment
Authors: Galashev Alexander Y. , Rakhmanova Oksana R.
Published: June 2022

The functioning of the lithium‐ion battery anode composed of silicene/SiC composite is studied by molecular dynamics. In this composite, silicene has multiple vacancy defects. Approximately the same degree of lithium filling in such an anode is considered for both horizontal and vertical intercalations. During the horizontal intercalation lithium atoms not only fill the channel and deposit on its walls, but also penetrate into the substrate. In both cases, the self‐diffusion coefficients of lithium atoms have similar values. However, the process of filling the system with lithium occurs with a smoother total energy change when the intercalation is performed vertically. A detailed study of the lithium atoms packing via the construction of Voronoi polyhedra for each of the systems under consideration shows the better uniformity of the Li atoms distribution over the volume of the system during the vertical intercalation.
Pharmacies restricting buprenorphine despite prescriber and patient input
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

Is there a maximum dose for buprenorphine? Some pharmacies seem to think there is. This is despite the fact that the medication is the best treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among adolescents, and approved for treatment for young adults age 16 and above.
Automated fluorescence gating and size determination reduce variation in measured concentration of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry
Authors: Gankema Angela Adriana Francisca , Li Bo , Nieuwland Rienk , Pol Edwin van der
Published: June 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an upcoming biomarker for disease. However, the measured concentrations of EVs by flow cytometry are incomparable due to analytical variables. This study aimed to investigate how the choice of fluorophore, and thereby brightness, affects the measured concentration of EVs. Four commonly used fluorophores allophycocyanin, Brilliant Violet‐421, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and phycoerythrin, all conjugated to CD61 antibodies, were used to label platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) in human plasma. PEVs were measured by flow cytometry. The concentration of EVs was obtained by manually set fluorescence gates, automatically determined fluorescence gates, and automatically determined fluorescence gates combined with specific size gates. Manually set fluorescence gates by five independent experts resulted in a variation coefficient (CV) of 41% between the measured PEV concentrations labeled with the four different fluorophores. A new algorithm for automatic determination of fluorescence gates was applied to reduce inter‐operator variability. Applying this algorithm resulted in a CV of 58%. However, when the algorithm was combined with a size gate to correct for differences in brightness between fluorophores, the CV reduced to 25%. In this study, we showed that different fluorophores can detect similar concentrations of EVs by (1) determining fluorescence gates automatically, and (2) by adding a size gate to correct for differences in brightness between fluorophores. Therefore, our research contributes to further standardization of EV concentration measurements by flow cytometry.
Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Martin James A. , Kilgo John C. , Rushton Emily , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road‐based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data in more locations for longer periods of time, providing the opportunity to delve into factors influencing daily gobbling activity. We used ARUs from 1 March to 31 May to detail gobbling activity across multiple study sites in the southeastern United States during 2014–2018. We used state‐space modeling to investigate the effects of weather variables on daily gobbling activity. Our findings suggest rainfall, greater wind speeds, and greater temperatures negatively affected gobbling activity, whereas increasing barometric pressure positively affected gobbling activity. Therefore, when using daily gobbling activity to make inferences relative to gobbling chronology, reproductive phenology, and hunting season frameworks, stakeholders should recognize and consider the potential influences of extended periods of inclement weather.
The lateral electric force on an off‐axis sphere in a circular cylinder
Authors: Sherwood John D.
Published: June 2022

The electrophoretic velocity of a sphere within a liquid‐filled circular cylinder in a direction parallel to the cylinder axis has been studied by Yariv and Brenner (Phys. Fluids 2002, 14, 3354–3357; SIAM J. Appl. Math. 2003, 64, 423–441). We use their analyses of the electric field in order to determine the electrical force on the sphere along the cylinder radius (i.e., perpendicular to its axis) when either the radius of the sphere is small compared to that of the cylinder, or when the radius of the sphere is only slightly smaller than that of the cylinder. In both cases the force acts towards the centreline of the cylinder, and hence this force tends to stabilize electrophoresis of the sphere along the cylinder axis.
Analysis and design of a single layer double square slot frequency selective surface with single stopband between double passbands
Authors: Pae Ji‐Song , Im Song‐Jin , Han Yong‐Ha , Song Kil‐Song
Published: June 2022

Square loop and square slot are the simplest and commonly used elements of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) providing bandstop and bandpass responses, respectively. Despite it is already known that employment of a double square slot structure presents a tunable stopband between two passbands, it is not clear which parameters of the structure are crucial for tuning the inbetween stopband. We propose an analysis of a double square slot FSS considering its element as a parallel connection of square slot and square loop predicting two geometrical parameters of the constituent square loop are crucial for tuning the inbetween stopband. The stopband is tunable by changing geometrical parameters of the constituent square loop and does not depend on geometries of the constituent square slot. The validity of this analytical prediction is verified by full wave EM simulation results.
Late Holocene rupture history of the Ash Hill fault, Eastern California Shear Zone, and the potential for seismogenic strain transfer between nearby faults
Authors: Regalla Christine , Kirby Eric , Mahan Shannon , McDonald Eric , Pangrcic Hannah , Binkley Amanda , Schottenfels Emily , LaPlante Aubrey , Sethanant Israporn , Lynch Emerson M.
Published: June 2022

Understanding how fault systems interact and transfer strain over seismogenic timescales (seconds to ka) requires temporal records of past ruptures along adjacent and intersecting fault networks. Here we document the record of Late Holocene ruptures as recorded in the geomorphology of alluvial deposits along the Ash Hill fault, in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). We leverage a multi‐faceted approach to evaluate the relative timing of Ash Hill fault ruptures to those of nearby faults in the ECSZ. We determine the number and timing of Late Holocene earthquakes on the Ash Hill fault using high‐resolution tectono‐geomorphic mapping, a locally calibrated alluvial fan stratigraphy, feldspar luminescence dating, and fault offset analysis from field observations, LiDAR, and drone‐based digital surface elevation models. We find evidence for three surface‐rupturing earthquakes that have occurred since ~4 ka, each with ~1.0 ± 0.2 m of oblique slip per event (Mw ~ 6.9–7.0), and we constrain the timing of these earthquakes by dating deposits that bracket each event. The timing of these three ruptures is similar to the paleoseismic record along the adjacent range‐bounding fault in southern Panamint Valley. Specifically, the two adjacent faults exhibit similar numbers of earthquakes during the Late Holocene, with similar recurrence intervals and rupture timing. These data suggest that it is possible that these two faults have ruptured in the same or closely temporally related events throughout the Late Holocene. Similar spatio‐temporal clustered earthquakes have been recognized in both historic and paleoseismic records in the region, and such behaviour may be common in complexly interlinked fault networks, like those that exist in the ECSZ.
Learning to love at the violent periphery of Philippine society
Authors: Jensen Sif Lehman
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to contribute to a scholarly conversation about love beyond dominant assumptions of romance, desire, and attraction by exploring what love comes to mean as situated in and governed by violence and marginalization in the shadows of political conflict. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Muslim women in Palawan, the Philippines, I unpack the empirical notion of learning to love as it occurred in their stories of marriage. The article argues that learning to love reflects the women's struggles to survive socially, emotionally, and materially, and to make a life and selves. In this way, love is rooted in patriarchal relationality, the cultivation of moral and religious ideals of womanhood as well as in the social and material dependency in the family revealing love as familial togetherness, attachment, and support. On this basis, the process of learning love captures the women's work of learning to live, reclaiming sociality and social worth within the violent and confining conditions that structure their lives.
Effectiveness of case scenario‐based teaching to transition international Master of Public Health students specialising in health promotion from memorization to critical thinking
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Ratan Zubair Ahmed , Shnaigat Mahmmoud , Edwards Joseph , Verma Iksheta , Niknami Marzieh , Dadich Ann
Published: June 2022

Issue addressed

Critical thinking is essential to health promotion to overcome increasingly complex health issues. International students from Middle East and Asia are however disadvantaged when required to demonstrate critical thinking mainly because of their previous training in memorisation. This study addresses this need by evaluating the effect of case scenario‐based teaching on transition from memorisation to critical thinking among international students in an Australia university.

Methods

This was a pre and post intervention study and data were collected from a convenience sample of 79 international Master of Public Health students specialising in health promotion in 2019 at the University of Wollongong.

Results

Most of the participants were female (73.4%) and aged 25 years or older (64.6%), predominantly from India (40.5%), Nepal (31.6%) and Saudi Arabia (11.4%). A paired t‐test analysis showed that the intervention – case scenario‐based teaching – significantly improved the mean post‐intervention critical thinking skills (P < 0.001). Case studies improved critical thinking among international students, irrespective of demographic attributes. Multiple regression analyses indicated that critical thinking predicted 78.6 of the total marks, after controlling for demographic attributes. In terms of assessment marks, improved multiple solutions skills yielded better marks for tutorial participations; while improved problem identification skills improved marks for report assessments and exams. Improved communication skills led to better marks for essay assessments.

Conclusions

Case studies improved critical thinking and was a reliable predictor of student performance among the participants.

So what?

This study makes a strong case for case scenario‐based teaching to improve critical thinking among international students. However, given the limitations of this study, including the small, non‐representative sample, further testing is required.
The value of QRS onset of the outflow tract PVC in V1 and V2 leads recorded in fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces to differentiate main origins of premature ventricular contraction—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jorat Mohammad V. , Vaziri Farzaneh , Hassanzadeh Mani , Jorat Parsa , Mehdipour Namdar Zahra , Ataei Rooyani Lobat , Aslani Amir , Izadpanah Peyman
Published: June 2022

Background

Electrocardiography (ECG) is now proposed as a simple and cost‐effective tool to determine the location of arrhythmias before ablation. We aimed to examine the value of the QRS onset of outflow tract PVC in V1 and V2 leads recorded in fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces to differentiate two main origins for premature ventricular contraction (PVC) including right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, a total of 58 patients were studied, from whom a surface ECG was obtained using V1 and V2 leads in the fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces. ECG and Electrophysiology studie (EPS) data were then recorded and compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity of QRS onset in locating arrhythmias. The reciever operating characterictic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to test diagnostic performance.

Results

Based on the time of PVC initiation in each of the V1 and V2 leads in the fourth intercostal space, if PVC is recorded earlier in the V1 lead, its source in 95.8% of the patients is RVOT and if PVC preceded the V2 lead, 70.59% of the patients had PVC from LVOT. Comparing of QRS onset in V1 and V2 leadsrecorded from third% and and second intercostal spaces had considerable sensitivity and specificity to determine the origin of the outflow tract PVC (81.82 and 94.12%, respectively)

Conclusion

Simultaneous recording of outflow tract PVCs from second third and fourth intercostal spaces and comparing their onset can determine the left and right outflow tract PVCs with high sensitivity and specificity.
Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: Presurgical therapy in the management of local retroperitoneal recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Wang Yueming , Huang Jiwei , Zhang Cuijian , Hu Xiaoyi , Wang Ping , Shi Guohai , Zhang Jin , Kong Wen , Chen Yonghui , Huang Yiran , Ye Dingwei , Xia Dan , Guo Jianming , He Zhisong , Xue Wei
Published: June 2022

Local retroperitoneal recurrence (RPR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) is rare in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, it is associated with poor prognosis and lacks standard treatment. Our study aimed to assess oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of patients that underwent targeted therapy for RPR after RN, and to evaluate the role of presurgical targeted therapy in this context. This was a retrospective multicenter study of 85 patients with RPR treated with targeted therapy for RPR after RN (July 2008‐October 2020). Clinical and pathological characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The median follow‐up time was 50 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.3‐66.7) after the RPR diagnosis. The median CSS was 96 months in the presurgical targeted therapy followed by surgical resection group and 42 months (95% CI: 28.8‐55.2) in the targeted therapy alone group (P = .0011). In multivariate analysis, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium classification intermediate/poor risk, number of recurrence lesions and surgical resection were independent predictors of CSS. Presurgical targeted therapy may increase the feasibility of tumor resection for RPR after RN. Patients who underwent surgical resection following presurgical targeted therapy had better CSS than those treated with targeted therapy alone.
Methyl benzoate derivatives: in vitro Paraoxonase 1 inhibition and in silico studies
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan , Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Özdemir Hasan , Beydemir Şükrü
Published: June 2022

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) can metabolize some compounds such as aromatic carboxylic acid and unsaturated aliphatic esters, arylesters, cyclic carbonate, plucuronide drugs, some carbamate insecticide classes, nerve gases, and lactone compounds. Methyl benzoate has recently been shown to display potent toxicity against several insect species. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the methyl benzoate compounds (1–17) on PON1 activity. Methyl benzoate compounds inhibited PON1 with KI values ranging from 25.10 ± 4.73 to 502.10 ± 64.72 μM. Compound 10 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐bromo benzoate) showed the best inhibition (KI = 25.10 ± 4.73 μM). Furthermore, using the ADME‐Tox, Glide XP, and MM‐GBSA tools of the Schrödinger Suite 2021‐4, a complete ligand–receptor interaction prediction was performed to characterize the methyl benzoates (1–17), probable binding modalities versus the PON1.
Time‐resolved emission spectroscopy to elucidate the functional nature of heat‐stable transcription factor
Authors: Kutumbarao Nidamarthi H. V. , Karthikeyan Subramani , Ganesan Singaravelu , Velmurugan Devadasan
Published: June 2022

A 22 kDa protein from Thermus thermophilus is characterised as a DNA binding transcription regulator and its function is established using the fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy result shows significant binding of calf thymus DNA and protein molecule. To confirm, the DNA quenching effect in real‐time, a time‐resolved emission spectroscopy study was performed and the result shows good agreement with steady‐state quenching analysis.
An improved deep convolutional neural network architecture for chromosome abnormality detection using hybrid optimization model
Authors: Nimitha N. , Ezhumalai P. , Chokkalingam Arun
Published: June 2022

Chromosomes are thread‐like structures located in the cell nucleus that contains the human body blueprint. Chromosome analysis is also known as karyotyping is the test taken to detect the abnormalities identified in the human chromosome. The two types of widely known chromosome abnormalities are structural and numerical abnormalities. Manual karyotyping is complex, time‐consuming, and error‐prone. To overcome these complexities, automated chromosome karyotype architecture is proposed using the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture. Training the DCNN architecture from scratch needs a huge dataset and to overcome this problem a generative adversarial networks is used to create adversarial samples that resemble the images in the actual dataset. The time‐consuming hyperparameter tuning in the DCNN architecture is overcome using the hybrid moth‐flame optimization integrated with the hill‐climbing strategy (HMFOHC). The HMFOHC algorithm is mainly utilized in this article to minimize the huge number of parameters associated with the DCNN architecture. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is evaluated using two datasets namely the BioImLab chromosome dataset and hospital dataset. The proposed HMFOHC optimized DCNN architecture is mainly utilized for multiclass classification where it differentiates five numerical chromosome abnormalities, namely Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 21, Trisomy XXY syndrome, and Monosomy X. The proposed model offers an accuracy, F1‐score, and kappa coefficient value of 98.65%, 98.86%, and 0.9894, respectively. The results obtained show that the proposed model achieves higher classification accuracy when compared with the different state‐of‐art techniques such as deep learning, random forest, and CNN. The inference time of the proposed methodology is 12.5 s which is relatively lower than the state‐of‐art techniques. The proposed approach can help cytogenetics forensic experts make better decisions and save time by automating manual karyotyping.

Research Highlights

Manual karyotyping is complex, time‐consuming, and error‐prone. To overcome these complexities, automated chromosome karyotype architecture is proposed using the DCNN architecture

The proposed method is mainly applied for multiclass classification where the different types of numerical abnormalities are addressed such as Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 21, Trisomy XXY syndrome, and Monosomy X.
Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study
Authors: Arai Taeang , Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Ono Hirotaka , Kawano Tadamichi , Yoshida Yuji , Okubo Tomomi , Hayama Korenobu , Nakagawa‐Iwashita Ai , Itokawa Norio , Kondo Chisa , Nagao Mototsugu , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide treatment in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This was a single‐arm, open‐label pilot study. Sixteen patients with NAFLD who received oral semaglutide for T2DM were included in the analysis. Oral semaglutide was initiated at a dose of 3 mg once daily, and the dose was sequentially increased to 7 mg at 4 weeks and 14 mg at 8 weeks (maintenance dose) until the end of the 24‐week trial.

Results

Body weight and levels of liver‐related biochemistry, plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks. These significant decreases were maintained until the end of the trial. Additionally, levels of the homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance and triglyceride significantly decreased at 24 weeks. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values significantly decreased from baseline to 24 weeks. Changes in body weight were correlated with those in levels of alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.52) and CAP (r = 0.72). As for liver fibrosis markers, significant decreases from baseline to 24 weeks in levels of the fibrosis‐4 index, ferritin, and type IV collagen 7 s were found; however, the liver stiffness measurement did not significantly decrease. Most adverse events were grade 1–2 transient gastrointestinal disorders.

Conclusions

Oral semaglutide treatment in patients with NAFLD complicated by T2DM improved impaired liver function, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, as well as improving diabetic status and reducing body weight.
Development and validation of a multicultural counseling competency scale for Malaysian professional counselors
Authors: Jaladin Rafidah Aga Mohd , Amit Noh , Aziz Nabeel Abedal
Published: June 2022

This study describes the development and validation of a 32‐item instrument to assess the multicultural counseling competencies of 508 Malaysian professional counselors. Exploratory factor analysis identified five underlying factors of multicultural counseling competency (MCC), and this five‐factor model of MCC, confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, has more than the three dimensions proposed in the literature. These findings provide strong evidence for construct validity and encourage the use of this instrument among counselors.
Pediatric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Reference Values for Biventricular Volumes Derived From Different Contouring Techniques
Authors: Voges Inga , Caliebe Amke , Hinz Sophia , Boroni Grazioli Simona , Gabbert Dominik D. , Daubeney Piers E. F. , Uebing Anselm S. , Pennell Dudley J. , Krupickova Sylvia
Published: June 2022

Background

Measurement of ventricular volumes and function using MRI is an important tool in pediatric congenital heart disease. However, normal values for children are sparce and analysis methods are inconsistent.

Purpose

To propose biventricular reference values in children for two MRI postprocessing (contouring) techniques.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

A total of 154 children from two institutions (13.9 ± 2.8 years; 101 male) that were referred for a clinical MRI study.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T; balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence.

Assessment

Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (LVEDV, LVESV, RVEDV, RVESV) and end‐diastolic and end‐systolic myocardial mass (LVEDMM, LVESMM, RVEDMM, RVESMM) were measured from short‐axis images using two contouring techniques: 1) papillary muscles, trabeculations and the moderator band were included in the ventricular blood volume and excluded from the myocardial mass, 2) papillary muscles, trabeculations and the moderator band were excluded from the ventricular volume and included in the ventricular mass.

Statistical Tests

Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate relationships between sex, weight, height, body surface area (BSA) and age and volumetric results. Reference graphs and tables were created with the LMS‐method. Contouring techniques were compared by intraclass correlation, regression analysis and Bland–Altman plots. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Height and BSA were significantly associated with LVESV (method 1) and with LVEDV and RVEDV (method 2). LVESV (method 2), RVESV (both methods), RVEDV (method 1), and LVEDMM and RVEDMM (both methods), showed significant associations with height and weight. LVSV and RVSV (both methods) were significantly associated with BSA and weight. RVESV (method 1) was significantly associated with age. Gender showed significant associations for all parameters.

Data Conclusion

The proposed pediatric reference values can be used in the diagnosis and follow‐up of congenital or acquired heart disease and for research purposes.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Molecular aspects of Omicron, vaccine development, and recombinant strain XE: A review
Authors: K Akash , Sharma Avinash , Kumar Deepak , Singh Sachin K. , Gupta Gaurav , Chellappan Dinesh K. , Dua Kamal , Nagraik Rupak
Published: June 2022

The global pandemic of COVID‐19 began in December 2019 and is still continuing. The past 2 years have seen the emergence of several variants that were more vicious than each other. The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) proved to be a huge epidemiological concern as the rate of infection of this particular strain was enormous. The strain was identified in South Africa on November 24, 2021 and was classified as a “Variant of Concern” on November 26, 2021. The Omicron variant possessed mutations in the key RBD region, the S region, thereby increasing the affinity of ACE2 for better transmission of the virus. Antibody resistance was found in this variant and it was able to reduce vaccine efficiency of vaccines. The need for a booster vaccine was brought forth due to the prevalence of the Omicron variant and, subsequently, this led to targeted research and development of variant‐specific vaccines and booster dosage. This review discusses broadly the genomic characters and features of Omicron along with its specific mutations, evolution, antibody resistance, and evasion, utilization of CRISPR‐Cas12a assay for Omicron detection, T‐cell immunity elicited by vaccines against Omicron, and strategies to decrease Omicron infection along with COVID‐19 and it also discusses on XE recombinant variant and on infectivity of BA.2 subvariant of Omicron.
Potential intervariant and intravariant recombination of Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Wang Lulan , Zhou Hang‐Yu , Li Jia‐Ying , Cheng Ye‐Xiao , Zhang Shilei , Aliyari Saba , Wu Aiping , Cheng Genhong
Published: June 2022

Among numerous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants of concerns, Omicron is more infectious and immune‐escaping, while Delta is more pathogenic. Here, we provide evidence for both intervariant and intravariant recombination of the rapidly evolving new SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes, including XD/XE/XF and BA.3, raising concerns of potential more infectious, immune‐escaping, and disease‐causing Omicron and Delta–Omicron variants.
Topology optimization for a station class surge arrester model
Authors: Zhang Dudu , Kasolis Fotios , Clemens Markus
Published: June 2022

High‐voltage stress can cause partial discharges, which in turn result in deterioration of high‐voltage equipment, and hence, in increased maintenance costs. To this end, corona rings are used as means to capacitive field‐grading. In this work, topology optimization is employed for designing alternative layouts for capacitive field‐grading in a station class surge arrester. The objective of the formulated optimization problem is to homogenize the electric field strength along the axis of symmetry of the considered surge arrester. The resulting layout exhibits an improved electric field strength homogeneity profile, when compared to the standard IEC60099‐4:2004 design.
Career mapping for international students: A critical‐constructivist approach
Authors: Anandavalli S. , Harrichand John J. S. , Mathew Shalini
Published: June 2022

Despite rapidly increasing presence of international students seeking career guidance and opportunities in the United States, existing counseling literature offers limited perspectives on how counselors can support this community using strengths‐based and culturally responsive approaches. Addressing this long‐standing gap, we offer this conceptual scholarship discussing career mapping as a dialogical and critical‐constructivist strategy for career counselors to help international students understand their life story, strengths, and barriers in the context of career development, and plan their actions accordingly. Implications for practice are also offered.
Fine‐scale habitat associations of Oklahoma's longspurs
Authors: Muller John A. , Ross Jeremy D.
Published: June 2022

Overwintering is a key demographic stage for migratory birds but remains poorly understood, especially among multiple declining grassland bird species. The non‐breeding ranges all 4 species of longspur (i.e., chestnut‐collared [Calcarius ornatus], Smith's [C. pictus], Lapland [C. lapponicus], thick‐billed [Rhynchophanes mccownii]) overlap in Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle, USA, making this region ideal to study their wintering ecology. We evaluated the relationship between wintering longspur occurrence and fine‐scale habitat characteristics using a combination of standardized bird surveys and vegetation plot sampling. Our study encompassed large, representative tracts of 3 prairie ecosystems (i.e., shortgrass, mixed‐grass, and tallgrass prairies) that intersect within the Southern Great Plains, during winters of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Using randomization tests and classification trees, we characterized longspur habitats and compared these associations across the 3 prairie ecosystems. Fine‐scale winter habitats (horizontal structure, vertical structure, and species compositions) varied among all 4 longspur species, varied at very fine scales, and differed between grassland types. Our findings can be applied to the management of grasslands such as decreasing vegetation height in mixed‐grass prairies for chestnut‐collared longspurs or removing woody vegetation in shortgrass prairies for thick‐billed longspurs to help develop full‐life cycle conservation for longspurs, which have experienced population declines.
Habitat selection of nesting and fledgling salt marsh songbirds in northeast Florida
Authors: Schwarzer Amy C. , Cox W. Andrew , Tornwall Brett
Published: June 2022

Understanding habitat selection by breeding birds and their newly fledged young can be an essential aspect of the conservation of vulnerable species. During 2015–2017, we examined nest site selection of Worthington's marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray's seaside sparrow (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii), and fledgling habitat use by Worthington's marsh wren, 2 imperiled species in northeast Florida, USA. We compared vegetation at unused points to vegetation at nests of both subspecies and at locations used by radio‐tagged marsh wren fledglings. Vegetation was taller and stem counts were greater at nest sites compared to unused points. Worthington's marsh wrens also used nest sites with a greater proportion of tall‐form smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) than was observed at unused points. Worthington's marsh wren fledglings also used locations with taller, denser vegetation, but vegetation use changed with fledgling age and tidal stage; older fledglings more frequently used areas with short‐form smooth cordgrass and bare ground (and more so during low tides). In contrast, so few nests and nestlings were in black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) that we could not consider it in our analysis despite its prevalence within our study sites. Our results indicate that tall, dense cordgrass is an important habitat component for these subspecies during the nesting and fledgling life stages in southeastern Atlantic salt marshes.
Banding records of nestling barn owls reveal optimal timing for nest box maintenance in California
Authors: Bourbour Ryan P. , Martinico Breanna L. , Phillips Emily M. , Schlarbaum Jessica N. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Hull Joshua M. , Kross Sara M.
Published: June 2022

American barn owls (Tyto furcata) often rely on nest box networks for breeding, especially within agricultural landscapes. Nest boxes are commonly installed for pest management purposes and require regular maintenance, such as removal of pellet debris and repairs, to remain functional and safe for breeding owls. Ideally, nest box maintenance should be conducted before the breeding season begins to minimize nest disturbance. The timing of the barn owl breeding season is especially important to understand in California, USA, which has a high diversity of ecoregions and expansive latitudinal range. Our objective was to describe the barn owl breeding season throughout California using nestling records to assist with data‐driven management recommendations. We queried 96 years of barn owl nestling banding records (n = 22,670) from the United States Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab to estimate egg laying dates across California and summarized 39 years of intake records (n = 1,741) from the California Raptor Center in the Central Valley. Our results suggest that barn owls typically begin to lay eggs in California in winter months; the median egg laying date for the state was 20 February. Based on these reports, planning for barn owl nest box maintenance to begin in fall (Sep–Nov) would align with the season that breeding activity and nest disturbance may be lowest, especially in the Central Valley and Southern Coast ecoregions.
Accidental Tracheostomy Decannulations in Children—A Prospective Cohort Study of Inpatients
Authors: Wynings Erin M. , Breslin Nathaniel , Brooks Rebecca L. , Brown Ashley F. , Bailey Candice H. , Whitney Cindy , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To determine the incidence of tracheostomy accidental decannulations (AD) among pediatric inpatients and identify risks for these events.

Study Design

Prospective cohort.

Methods

All tracheostomy patients (≤18 years) admitted at a tertiary children's hospital between August 2018 and April 2021 were included. AD were recorded and patient harm was classified as no harm/minor, moderate, or severe. Monthly AD incidence was described as events per 1000 tracheostomy‐days.

Results

One‐hundred seventeen AD occurred among 67 children with 33% (22/67) experiencing multiple events (median: 2.5 events, range: 2–10). Mean age at AD was 4.7 years (SD: 4.4). AD resulted from patient movement (32%, 37/117), performing tracheostomy care (27%, 31/117), repositioning or transporting (15%, 17/117), or unclear reasons (27%, 32/117). A parent or guardian was involved in 28% (33/117) of events. Nearly all AD resulted in no more than minor harm (84%, 98/117) but moderate (12%, 14/117) and severe (4%, 5/117) events did occur. There were no deaths. Tracheostomy care or repositioning were frequently responsible in acute versus subacute events (48% vs. 26%, p = 0.04). Mean monthly AD incidence was 4.7 events per 1000 tracheostomy‐days (95% CI: 3.7–5.8) and after implementation of safety initiatives, the mean rate decreased from 5.9 events (95% CI: 4.2–7.7) to 3.7 events (95% CI: 2.5–5.0) per 1000 tracheostomy‐days (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

AD in children occur at nearly 5 events per 1000 tracheostomy‐days and often result in minimal harm. Quality initiatives targeting patient movement, provider education, and tracheostomy care might reduce the frequency of these complications.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:963–969, 2023
Effect of inner ear malformations on intraoperative ECAP thresholds and postoperative auditory performance
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Seo , Hong Sung Hwa , Moon Il Joon
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study sought to characterize the influence of inner ear malformations (IEMs) on intraoperative electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) and auditory performance to better understand the underlying pathophysiology related to variabilities in cochlear implant (CI) outcomes that individuals with malformed cochlea may present.

Methods

The medical records of 222 ears implanted with Cochlear Nucleus CI were reviewed. Of the total, 64 ears had radiologic evidence of IEMs, and 158 ears were normal. Individuals with IEMs were grouped based on the severity of anomalies; 38 had mild IEMs (e.g., enlarged vestibular aqueduct, incomplete partition type II, etc.) and 26 had severe IEMs (e.g., cochlear nerve hypoplasia, common cavity, etc.). Intraoperative ECAP thresholds obtained via neural response telemetry (NRT) and the categories of auditory performance (CAP) scores measured at 12 months postoperative were compared and correlated.

Results

Absent ECAP responses were more apparent in the IEM group. ECAP thresholds were significantly elevated in the severe IEM group, while the mild IEM group had ECAP thresholds comparable to the normal group. The mild IEM group achieved CAP scores similar to the normal control. Patients in the severe IEM group showed significantly lower CAP scores at 12 months postoperative. Significant negative relationships existed between ECAP thresholds and CAP scores obtained from all subjects.

Conclusion

Measurable ECAP responses and NRT thresholds varied across groups. The inverse relationship between NRT thresholds and CAP scores may suggest that electrophysiological responses measured during surgery may potentially be indicative of postoperative performance in our CI population.

Level of Evidence

2b.