bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trial Forge Guidance 2: How to decide if a further Study Within A Trial (SWAT) is needed
Authors: Treweek Shaun , Bevan Simon , Bower Peter , Briel Matthias , Campbell Marion , Christie Jacquie , Collett Clive , Cotton Seonaidh , Devane Declan , Feky Adel El , Galvin Sandra , Gardner Heidi , Gillies Katie , Hood Kerenza , Jansen Jan , Littleford Roberta , Parker Adwoa , Ramsay Craig , Restrup Lynne , Sullivan Frank , Torgerson David , Tremain Liz , von Elm Erik , Westmore Matthew , Williams Hywel , Williamson Paula R , Clarke Mike
Published: October 2018

The evidence base available to trialists to support trial process decisions– e.g. how best to recruit and retain participants, how to collect data or how to share the results with participants – is thin. One way to fill gaps in evidence is to run Studies Within A Trial, or SWATs. These are self-contained research studies embedded within a host trial that aim to evaluate or explore alternative ways of delivering or organising a particular trial process.
SWATs are increasingly being supported by funders and considered by trialists, especially in the UK and Ireland. At some point, increasing SWAT evidence will lead funders and trialists to ask : given the current body of evidence for a SWAT, do we need a further evaluation in a another host trial? A framework for answering such a question is needed to avoid SWATs themselves contributing to research waste.
This paper presents criteria on when enough evidence is available for SWATs that use randomised allocation to compare different interventions.
Tackling Chronic Pain and Inflammation through the Purinergic System
Authors: Magni Giulia , Riccio Daniele , Ceruti Stefania
Published: October 2018

The purinergic system is composed of purine and pyrimidine transmitters, the
enzymes that modulate the interconversion of nucleotides and nucleosides, the membrane
transporters that control their extracellular concentrations, and the many receptor subtypes
that are responsible for their cellular responses. The components of this system are ubiquitously
localized in all tissues and organs, and their involvement in several physiological
conditions has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, extracellular purine and pyrimidine
concentrations rise several folds under pathological conditions like tissue damage, ischemia,
and inflammation, which suggest that this signaling system might contribute both to
disease outcome and, possibly, to its tentative resolution. The complexity of this system
has greatly impaired the clear identification of the mediators and receptors that are actually
involved in a given pathology, also due to the often opposite roles played by the various
receptor subtypes. Nevertheless, this knowledge is fundamental for the possible exploitation
of these molecular entities as targets for the development of new pharmacological
approaches. In this review, we aim at highlighting what is currently known on the role
of the purinergic system in various pain conditions and during inflammatory processes.
Although some confusion may arise from conflicting results, literature data clearly show
that targeting specific purinergic receptors may represent an innovative approach to various
pain and inflammatory conditions, and that new purine-based drugs are now very
close to reach the market with these indications.
Electronic Noses in Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Wojnowski Wojciech , Dymerski Tomasz , Gębicki Jacek , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: October 2018

Background:

Electronic nose technology is being developed in order to analyse complex mixtures of volatiles in a way parallel to biologic olfaction. When applied in the field of medicine, the use of such devices should enable the identification and discrimination between different diseases. In this review, a comprehensive summary of research in medical diagnostics using electronic noses is presented. A special attention has been paid to the application of these devices and sensor technologies, in response to current trends in medicine.

Methods:

Peer-reviewed research literature pertaining to the subject matter was identified based on a search of bibliographic databases. The quality and relevance of retrieved papers was assessed using standard tools. Their content was critically reviewed and certain information contained therein was compiled in tabularized form.

Results:

The majority of reviewed studies show promising results, often surpassing the accuracy and sensitivity of established diagnostic methods. However, only a relatively small number of devices have been field tested. The methods used for sample collection and data processing in various studies were listed in a table, together with electronic nose models used in these investigations.

Conclusion:

Despite the fact that devices equipped with arrays of chemical sensors are not routinely used in everyday medical practice, their prospective use would solve some established issues in medical diagnostics, as well as lead to developments in prophylactics by facilitating a widespread use of non-invasive screening tests.
PrEP Eligibility and Interest Among Clinic- and Community-Recruited Young Black Women in Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Authors: Sales J.M. , Steiner R.J. , Brown J.L. , Swartzendruber A. , Patel A.S. , Sheth A.N.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Atlanta has been identified as an HIV “hot spot” for Black women and ranks 5th in the US with new infections. Yet little is known about PrEP eligibility or interest among young Black women in Atlanta.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 1,261 Black women (ages 14-24 years) were recruited from two settings: community venues and sexual health clinics. They provided self-reported sexual behavior data and specimens for laboratory testing for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) infections. For each woman, the number of key self-reported behavioral HIV risk factors was calculated (0-6 factors for the clinic sample, 0-3 factors for the community sample). A single item assessed PrEP interest in the community sample only.

Results:

Bacterial STI positivity, an indicator for PrEP eligibility, was 20.5% (17.1% CT, 6.3% GC) and 20.9% (18.8% CT, 5.2% GC) for the clinic and community samples, respectively. Of the 144 STI positive women from the clinic sample, 20.1% reported no behavioral risk indicators and 47.2% reported > 2 behavioral indicators. Of the 117 STI positive women from the community sample, 21.4% reported no behavioral risk indicators. 60.7% of the community sample reported they would be likely or very likely to use PrEP if available.

Conclusion:

Young Black women in Atlanta, whether sampled from community or sexual health settings, are at substantial risk for HIV infection and meet several PrEP eligibility criteria. Scaling up PrEP among women in Atlanta could have significant implications for HIV in this high burden region.
Spiropyrazolines: A Worthy Insight into the Recent Strategies and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Sadiq Zubi , Naz Sadia , Hussain Erum Akbar , Aslam Umbreen
Published: October 2018

The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic chemists due to their vast synthetic applications. Among these, spiropyrazolines are gaining considerable prominence due to their biological and pharmacological activities, electrophotographic photosensitivity as well as their application as beneficial synthons for spirocyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, pyrrolidinones, pyrazoles, 3-amino oxindoles and several natural products molecular architecture. In view of all these, this review aims to provide the classical and advanced regioselective approaches as well as synthetic applications of spiropyrazolines. The key reactions for its synthesis are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and condensations that are described completely in this piece of work.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Transketolase from Orthosiphon stamineus
Authors: Ng Mei Ling , Rahmat Zaidah binti , bin Omar Mohd Shahir Shamsir
Published: October 2018

Background:

Orthosiphon stamineus is a traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia countries
with various well-known pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, diuretics and antitumor
activities. Transketolase is one of the proteins identified in the leaves of the plant and transketolase is
believed able to lower blood sugar level in human through non-pancreatic mechanism. In order to understand
the protein behavioral properties, 3D model of transketolase and analysis of protein structure
are of obvious interest.

Methods:

In the present study, 3D model of transketolase was constructed and its atomic characteristics
revealed. Besides, molecular dynamic simulation of the protein at 310 K and 368 K deciphered transketolase
may be a thermophilic protein as the structure does not distort even at elevated temperature.
This study also used the protein at 310 K and 368 K resimulated back at 310 K environment.

Results:

The results revealed that the protein is stable at all condition which suggest that it has high capacity
to adapt at different environment not only at high temperature but also from high temperature
condition to low temperature where the structure remains unchanged while retaining protein function.

Conclusion:

The thermostability properties of transketolase is beneficial for pharmaceutical industries
as most of the drug making processes are at high temperature condition.
Integrated Cheminformatics-Molecular Docking Approach to Drug Discovery Against Viruses
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Faraz , Khalid Ramsha , Hasanain Alina , Naeem Sadaf , Zarina Shamshad , Abidi Syed Hani , Ali Syed
Published: October 2018

Background:

In the current study, we present an integrated in silico cheminformaticsmolecular
docking approach to screen and test potential therapeutic compounds against viruses.
Fluoroquinolones have been shown to inhibit HCV replication by targeting HCV NS3-helicase.
Based on this observation, we hypothesized that natural analogs of fluoroquinolones will have
similar or superior inhibitory potential while having potentially fewer adverse effects.

Methods:

To screen for natural analogs of fluoroquinolones, we devised an integrated in silico
Cheminformatics-Molecular Docking approach. We used 17 fluoroquinolones as bait reference, to
screen large databases of natural analogs. 10399 natural compounds and their derivatives were retrieved
from the databases. From these compounds, molecules bearing physicochemical similarities
with fluoroquinolones were analyzed using a cheminformatics-docking approach.

Results:

From the 10399 compounds screened using our cheminformatics approach, only 20 compounds
were found to share physicochemical similarities with fluoroquinolones, while the remaining
10379 compounds were physiochemically different from fluoroquinolones. Molecular docking
analysis showed 32 amino acids in the HCV NS3 active site that were most frequently targeted by
fluoroquinolones and their natural analogues, indicating a functional similarity between the two
groups of compounds.

Conclusion:

This study describes a speedy and inexpensive approach to complement drug discovery
and design against viral agents. The in silico analyses we used here can be employed to shortlist
promising compounds/putative drugs that can be further tested in wet-lab.
Implications of the U.S. Visa Reform for Highly-Skilled Mexican Migration
Authors: Salamanca Pacheco Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

High-skilled Mexican migrants have benefited from the opportunities offered by U.S. visa programs such as the Specialty Occupation visa (H-1B), the Treaty Investor visa (E-2), the EB-5 investor program, and the North American Free Trade Agreement professionals visa (TN). This essay analyzes the possible changes affecting these visas and identifies the main economic, social and political implications of these reforms. It recurs to two main approaches: the mixed-embeddedness framework and the transnational theory. The U.S. migration reform has forced some skilled-migrants to think about transnational spaces in order to reduce uncertainty.  E2 and EB-5 visa holders may diversify risks through a parallel presence of their businesses in both USA and Mexico. H1-B users may think about enhancing their research networks with the Mexican scientific and academic community. TN users may come back and transfer their knowledge back to Mexico. Overall, it is crucial the improvement of the Mexican institutional environment in order to further avoid the exit of valuable social and cognitive capital.
Inmigración calificada y desarrollo en México. Tendencias y modalidades contemporáneas
Authors: Ramírez-García Telésforo , Lozano Ascencio Fernando
Published: October 2018

El objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar los principales cambios en el volumen, tendencias y modalidades de la inmigración calificada en México durante los últimos años, información clave para evaluar la contribución de esta población al desarrollo del país. Para ello se usa información proveniente de los Censos de Población y Vivienda de 2000 y 2010, así como la Encuesta Intercensal 2015. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de un paulatino crecimiento de la inmigración calificada en México, principalmente de profesionistas graduados en distintos campos del conocimiento, pero también de académicos, científicos e investigadores, los cuales en su mayoría son nativos de Estados Unidos, España, Colombia, Argentina y Venezuela. En cuanto a su integración socioeconómica en el país, los datos revelan que la gran mayoría de esta mano de obra calificada se incorpora al mercado de trabajo mexicano, desempeñándose como empleados del sector educativo (público o privado), la industria maquiladora y automotriz, y los servicios personales.
PRÁTICAS DE AUTOCUIDADO EM SAÚDE BUCAL DE USUÁRIOS DO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Santos Taiane de Oliveira Gonzaga , Matos Mariângela Silva de , Chaves Sonia Cristina Lima , Rossi Thaís Régis Aranha , Figueiredo Andréia Cristina Leal , Almeida Ana Maria Freire de Lima
Published: October 2018

As práticas de autocuidado são fundamentais para a manutenção da saúde bucal. Conhecer como elas estão inseridas na população favorece o planejamento de ações educativas e preventivas mais eficazes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre o perfil sociodemográfico e as práticas de saúde bucal de usuários do Programa Saúde da Família de um município de médio porte do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado por meio de inquérito epidemiológico domiciliar com amostra de 475 usuários. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria foi do sexo feminino, entre 20 e 59 anos, e de etnia parda e negra. A média de renda familiar foi de 791,46 reais e a de escolaridade foi de 7,4 anos de estudo. A escovação, o uso do fio e do palito foram as práticas de autocuidado mais frequentes (55,8%, 59,1% e 54,9%, respectivamente). O uso de bochecho foi relatado por 16,1% dos usuários. Aqueles com maior escolaridade e mais jovens escovavam os dentes mais vezes ao dia e usavam mais o fio dental. O palito dental foi o menos utilizado por aqueles de maior escolaridade e entre mais jovens de 15-19 anos. Concluiu-se que quanto maior o nível de escolaridade e entre os adultos jovens, melhores são os hábitos de higiene oral.

 

Palavras-chave: Práticas de saúde bucal. Perfil de saúde. Programa Saúde da Família.
Gross morphology of the cephalic sensory canals of Strangomera bentincki (Norman, 1936) (Teleostei: Clupeidae)
Authors: Sáez Sylvia , Pequeño Germán
Published: October 2018

The anatomy, disposition and extension of the main cephalic sensory canals and associated structures in a clupeiform from Chile, S. bentincki, are provided for first time. Ten cephalic canals were identified: supraorbital, infraorbital, anterorbital, postorbital, preopercular, mandibular, ethmoidal, temporal, postemporal and extrascapular. Due to the scarce literature in sensory structures regarding Chilean Clupeiformes, it is necessary more studies about those features for the respective comparisons to obtain a better understanding of the systematic and comparative ethology of the sardines and to have an integral view of the cephalic sensory system of canals in this order.
Larval fish assemblages from channels and fjords of south Pacific Patagonia: effects of environmental conditions
Authors: Castillo-Hidalgo Gissella , Landaeta Mauricio F. , Anaya-Godínez Eduardo , Bustos Claudia A.
Published: October 2018

Chilean Patagonian fjords are characterized by strong stratification and chemical gradients which influence the ichthyoplankton distribution and abundance. Plankton samples were collected through bongo net oblique tows in 40 stations from onboard a bio-oceanographic cruise took place in inner fjords of southern Chile (47° to 51°S). Water column physical data were obtained with a conductivity-temperature-depth profiler (CTD) and turbidity was measured with a portable turbidimeter from 0 to 100 m depth. Stations were distributed by three zones: oceanic, channels and continental waters. A total of 1424 larvae were collected, representing 21 families. Dominant taxa were Maurolicus parvipinnis (31%), Sebastes oculatus (12%), Merluccius australis (11%), Lampanyctodes hectoris (10%), and Bathylagichthys parini (8%). Most of the environmental variability was determined by salinity, mainly in the area where continental waters are discharged. The water column in the oceanic zone presented mixed waters dominated by the myctophid L. hectoris and the sternoptychid M. parvipinnis. No significant effect of turbidity gradients on larval fish assemblages was evident during spring. The channel zone was both more saline, and density stratified with less turbidity, and lower abundance of species. Two ichthyoplanktonic assemblages were evident, one living in oceanic waters, and the other from channels and inner zones.
Larval fish assemblages in two nearshore areas of the Humboldt Current System during autumn-winter in northern Chile
Authors: Paredes Lissette D. , Landaeta Mauricio F. , González M. Teresa
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in the fish larvae composition of two geographically adjacent nearshore areas within the Humboldt Current System (HCS), northern Chile. Five surveys were performed at Isla Santa María (ISM) and Punta Coloso (COL), Mejillones Peninsula. Ichthyoplankton were collected every 15 days in 2014 during the austral autumn-winter (May to August). A total of 412,410 fish larvae belonging to 36 taxa were identified, a high abundance compared with other HCS regions. Data also revealed similarities in species recorded compared with central Chile as well as differences compared with central Peru; a number of families were shared between these HCS regions and other systems (e.g., Canarias Current System). ISM was dominated by intertidal-subtidal species (e.g., Helcogrammoides cunninghami), while Engraulis ringens was most abundant at COL. Several species were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen (e.g., Auchenionchus microcirrhis), as well as temperature and Ekman transport (e.g., Sebastes oculatus), while the presence of others is negatively related to the same environmental parameters (e.g., Graus nigra). Results suggest that larvae differently utilize these two areas as a refuge or for feeding, and that adults might be coupling their spawning periods with short-term oceanographic features. Larval fish assemblages of nearshore areas in northern Chile are described here for the first time and highlight the important role of these two areas in the early developmental stages of fish species.
New strategy in education of health professionals in Serbia: Analysis of students’ readiness for inter-professional education
Authors: Simin Dragana , Novakovic Budimka , Brestovacki-Svitlica Branislava , Vujkov Sanja , Milutinovic Dragana
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Inter-professional education is the first step towards the
effective collaborative practice of future health care workers and one of the
prerequisites for the highest quality health care. Therefore, the aim of this
study was to assess the readiness for inter-professional education among
medical science students. Material and Methods. The research was conducted as
a descriptive cross sectional study by surveying 406 students of five study
profiles at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Novi Sad. The
Serbian version of The Readiness for Inter-professional Learning Scale and
questionnaire on sociodemographic data were used as research instruments. The
Readiness for Inter-professional Learning Scale comprises a total of 19 items
grouped into two sub-scales: ?team?work, collaboration and shared learning?
and ?role and responsibilities?. The methods of descriptive and inferential
statistics were used, and statistically significant values were considered
significant at the p <0.05 level. Results. The mean the Readiness for
Inter-professional Learning Scale total score was 73.9, which indicates that
students are generally ready for shared learning. The highest scores, that
is, greater readiness for inter-professional learning was among
physiotherapist students, female students and those who had previously
completed secondary medical school. Medical students had significantly more
negative attitudes towards this educational strategy. Conclusion. Despite the
observed differences, attitudes of the majority of students in relation to
all study profiles indicate their readiness to accept inter-professional
education.
Sleep quality in relation to sleep hygiene knowledge and practice, chronotype and lifestyle behaviour among healthcare students
Authors: Andrijevic Ilija , Simic Svetlana , Stanojevic Cedomirka , Golubovic Boris , Milutinovic Dragana
Published: October 2018

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sleep quality among
healthcare science students and to assess its association with sleep hygiene
knowledge and practices, circadian typology and lifestyle factors. Material
and Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional
questionnaire-based internet study on a sample of 268 students. The
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and The Self-Morningness-Eveningness
Questionnaire were applied as research instruments to assess sleep quality
and chronotypes respectively, while evaluation of the other variables was
conducted using he Sleep Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire, socio-demographic
questionnaire and the questionnaire of lifestyle factors. Results. The
average of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score for all students
was 6.9 ? 3.2. The poor sleep quality (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >
5) was reported in 62.7% of students. Sleep efficiency less than 85% was
found in 43.0% of students, and 78% of students reported daytime
dysfunctionality. Sleep quality was significantly worse among female
students; coffee, alcohol and energy drink consumers and long-term cell
phone users. Only 11.9% of students were classified as the morning
chronotype and they had the best quality of sleep and the best sleep hygiene
knowledge and practices, whereas the evening chronotype had the worst
quality of sleep. A significant negative correlation was identified between
sleep hygiene knowledge (r = - 0.133) and practice (r = 0.501) and sleep
quality whereby the lower t he Sleep Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire and
Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale scores follow a higher the Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index score. Conclusion. Majority of students had a suboptimal level
of overall sleep quality, satisfactory knowledge of sleep hygiene, but they
did not have the sleep hygiene practices which suggests that knowledge is
not a factor of deterring from unhealthy behaviors.
The percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the intensive care unit - our experience
Authors: Dolinaj Vladimir , Milosev Sanja , Jovanovic Gordana , Andrijevic Ana , Lalic Nensi , Janjevic Dusanka
Published: October 2018

Percutaneous tracheostomy is a commonly carried out procedure in patients in
the Intensive Care Unit. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy consists of
the introduction of a tracheal cannula from the front of the neck, through
blunt dissection of the pretracheal tissues, using a guide by Seldinger
technique. When percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedure was
introduced in routine clinical practice in the Clinical Center of Vojvodina,
procedural protocol was established. This Protocol includes: 1. indications,
contraindications and timing for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, 2.
assessment of the patient, 3. preparation of the patient and equipment, 4.
procedure description, 5. potential complications and complication
management. At our institution percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is
performed on an individual patient basis assessment within 5-7 days
following translaryngeal intubation. Routinely the platelet count,
activated prothrombin time and prothrombin time are checked. The patient?s
neck is assessed clinicaly and by the use of fiberoptic bronchoscope and
ultrasound. At our institution we use the modified Ciaglia technique of the
percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy-Ciaglia Single Dilatator method
with the TRACOE? experc Set vario which includes spiral rein?forced tracheal
cannula. At the end of procedure fiberoptic evaluation of the
tracheobroinchial tree is made and chest X-ray is done. Percutaneous
dilatational tracheostomy is a simple, safe, and effective procedure
performed in the Intensive Care Unit. It is the preferred technique of
airway management in the Intensive Care Units in the patients requiring
prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheobronchial hygiene and weaning from
mechanical ventilation.
Penetapan Kadar Metilripariokromen-A pada Organ Eupatorium riparium Reg. dari Daerah yang Berbeda
Authors: Chrystomo Linus Y. , Sumardi Issirep , Hartanto L. Nugroho , Wahyuono Subagus
Published: October 2018

Metilripariokromen-A merupakan senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat pada tanaman Eupatorium
riparium Reg.(Asteraceae). Metilripariokromen-A memiliki aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan
tekanan darah tinggi seperti aktivitas vasodilatasi, diuretik, penurunan laju denyut jantung,
penurunan tekanan darah sistolik, ekskresi Na
+
, K
+
dan CL
-
. Metilripariokromen-A juga
mampu menurunkan pertumbuhan koloni jamur Aspergillus flavus, toksis terhadap jamur
patogen Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, menghambat perkecambahan biji gulma Galinsoga
ciliate dan G. parviflora. E. riparium mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber bahan alam untuk
pembuatan obat, fungisida dan herbisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi
metilripariokromen-A pada organ akar, batang dan daun E. riparium serta untuk menetapkan
kadar metilripariokromen-A pada ekstrak was bensin E. riparium yang berasal dari daerah G.
Merapi Kaliurang, G. Menoreh Samigaluh dan Tawangmangu Karanganyar. Konsentrasi
senyawa bioaktif sangat tergantung dengan kondisi lingkungan abiotik dan genotif. Metode
yang digunakan untuk analisis identifikasi dan penetapan kadar metilripariokromen-A adalah
Kromatografi Lapis Tipis-Densitometri (KLT-Densitometri). Berdasarkan hasil analisis KLT-
Densitometri menunjukkan bahwa metilripariokromen-A hanya terdapat di dalam organ daun.
Hasil penetapan kadar metilripariokromen-A menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan
antarsampel dari ketiga daerah yang berbeda. Kadar metilripariokromen-A tertinggi terdapat
dalam ekstrak was bensin daun E. riparium yang berasal dari G. Menoreh Samigaluh (9,48%)
selanjutnya dari G. Merapi Kaliurang (5,37%) dan dari Tawangmangu Karanganyar (9,30%).
Metode Sensitif untuk Identifikasi Pencemaran Babi pada Makanan Tanpa Diolah dengan
Teknik Amplifikasi PCR
Authors: Tri Margawati Endang , Ridwan Muhamad , Indriawati Indriawati
Published: October 2018

Pada era globalisasi akhir-akhir ini, tidak mungkin menghindar dari masuknya bahan
makanan olahan atau tanpa diolah dari luar negeri. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menguji
sensitivitas (kerentanan) teknik PCR untuk deteksi kandungan rendah kontaminan daging babi
pada daging sapi mentah. Sebanyak 5 tingkat kontaminan daging babi (0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20
dan 0,25%) dalam 5 gram berat total campuran daging telah diuji. Ke lima campuran daging
dan 100% daging sapi serta 100% daging babi, dikoleksi DNA nya menggunakan kit DNA
(QIAGEN). Satu pasang primer spesifik untuk porcine Leptin digunakan dalam amplifikasi
DNA dengan kit PCR. Suhu annealing ditentukan dengan optimasi PCR terlebih dahulu. Dua
siklus PCR (25 dan 35) diaplikasikan dalam amplifikasi. Produk PCR divisualisasi pada
10ï€­20% gradient PAGE untuk spesifik porcine Leptin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ukuran
potongan Leptin (152pb) telah teridentifikasi pada ke lima sampel sampuran maupun pada
control positif (pork), namun tidak terindikasi pada kontrol negatif (daging sapi). PCR dengan
35 siklus menghasilkan tampilan pita lebih baik dari 25 siklus. Studi ini menyarankan bahwa
PCR dengan 35 siklus dapat digunakan sebagai metode cepat untuk identifikasi pencepamaran
daging babi dengan dengan tingkat sensitivitas pencemaran daging babi sampai 0,05%.
Karakterisasi Isolat Rhizoctonia sp. Patogenik dan Rhizoctonia Mikoriza Pada
Tanaman Anggrek Tanah Spathoglottis plicata
Authors: Soelistijono Soelistijono , Priyatmojo Achmadi , Semiarti Endang , Sumardiyono Christanti
Published: October 2018

Rhizoctonia mikoriza merupakan jamur yang mampu berasosiasi dengan anggrek tanah. Selain
sebagai mikoriza, terdapat isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan penyebab penyakit busuk akar
pada Spathoglottis plicata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan antara Rhizoctonia
sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza secara morfologi dan molekular menggunakan teknik
RAPD. Hasil penelitian secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa warna koloni, panjang dan
jumlah inti sel isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza pada S. plicata tidak
berbeda, tetapi berbeda pada ketebalan sel dan pengelompokan isolat berdasarkan uji
anastomosis hifa. Teknik molekuler RAPD menunjukkan bahwa setiap isolat Rhizoctonia sp.
patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza memiliki perbedaan pada struktur DNA.
Penggunaan Bungkil Inti Kelapa Sawit Hasil Biokonversi sebagai Substrat Pertumbuhan Larva Hermetia illucens L (Maggot)
Authors: Mangunwardoyo Wibowo , Aulia Aulia , Hem Saurin
Published: October 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang
Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) yang difermentasi selama 7 hari
secara alami tanpa penambahan inokulum yang hasil fermentasi disebut dengan PKMK.
Produk fermentasi ditambahkan telur
Hermetia
illucens L. (maggot) diinkubasi selama 14 hari.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan adanya kenaikan berat dan panjang maggot. Analisis
proksimat menunjukkan kenaikan berat kering, nitrogen total dan serat, tetapi terjadi
penurunan lemak dan abu.
Peningkatan Kualitas flakes Ganyong (canna edulis ker.) dan Bekatul Menggunakan Variasi Sayuran
Authors: Sukamdani Haryo , Purwijantiningsih L.M. Ekawati , Pranata F. Sinung
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlakes are ready to eat cereal product in order to provide a high caloric needs for those who consume them. Utilization of ganyong into flakes is one alternative that increases the diversification of processed ganyong prospects in the community. In order to improve the nutritional quality of flakes, especially fiber, other ingredients are added for flakes. Variety of vegetables and rice brandâ€™s is used as the main raw material of flakes. Variety of vegetables is broccoli, spinach and carrots and with the addition of vegetables can be seen the influence of increasing the nutritional value from the resulting flakes. This research used completely randomized design (CRD). The results obtained in this study of flakes product are have variations of water content 0.03-0.36%, ash 2.69-3:09%, protein 5.72-6.36%, 0.96-3.08% fat, carbohydrate 87.47-90.61%, soluble fiber 1.59-4.4%, insoluble fiber 0.01-0.02%, total fiber 1.6-4.42%, texture 3349.8-3687.8 gf and microbiological tests such total plate count, molds and yeasts and Staphylococcus aureus that meets the ISO standard of cereal (SNI 01-4270 -1996). The results showed that the carrot flakes had the highest quality overall and flakes broccoli had the highest fiber content.Key words: Flakes, ganyong, variety of vegetables, rice branâ€™sAbstrakFlakes adalah produk makanan siap saji untuk menyediakan kalori bagi yang mengkonsumsinya. Pemanfaatan ganyong sebagai produk sereal adalah salah satu cara meningkatkan diversifikasi pangan di masyarakat. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas gizi flakes, terutama serat maka bahan lain ditambahkan dalam pembuatan flakes. Variasi sayuran dan bekatul digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan flakes. Variasi sayuran yang digunakan yakni brokoli, bayam dan wortel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yakni kadar air flakes 0,03-0,36%, kadar abu 2,69-3,09%, protein 5,72-6,36%, lemak 0,96-3,08%, karbohidrat 87,47-90,61%, serat larut 1,59-4,4%, serat tidak larut 0,01-0,02%, total serat 1,6-4,42%, tingkat kekerasan/ tekstur 3349,8-3687,8 gf dan tes mikrobiologi seperti angka lempeng total, kapang dan khamir, serta Staphylococcus aureus sesuai standar ISO sereal (SNI 01-4270 -1996). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa flakes wortel mempunyai kualitas gizi tertinggi dan flakes brokoli mengandung serat tertinggi.Kata kunci: Flakes, ganyong, variasi sayuran, bekatul
Faba Bean: a Promising Crop for Realizing a Healthier Potato Cropping System in the Dieng Highlands
Authors: Banjarnahor Dina Rotua Valentina
Published: October 2018

Dataran tinggi Dieng di Jawa Tengah menjadi pusat produksi kentang yang ternama di Indonesia karena kondisi iklimnya yang sangat mendukung. Kentang diperkenalkan ke petani setempat sekitar empat dekade yang lalu dan telah menjadi tanaman utama sejak saat itu. Setelah masa produksi yang panjang dan terus menerus, persoalan-persoalan agroekologis yang memicu turunnya hasil panen muncul di lahan. Di dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas potensi kacang babi (Vicia faba L.) sebagai salah satu kekayaan lokal Dieng untuk membangun sistem pertanaman kentang Dieng yang lebih sehat. Kacang babi umumnya dibudidayakan sebagai salah satu produk makanan ringan bagi wisatawan, tetapi pamornya masih kalah dibandingkan kentang. Tanaman ini, ketika bersimbiosis dengan bakteri Rhizobium dan cendawan mikoriza, memiliki kemampuan untuk mengikat nitrogen dari atmosfer dan meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfor (P) dan kalium (K) di tanah. Tanaman ini tahan dingin sehingga dapat menjadi pilihan budidaya yang tepat selama periode dingin di Dieng: yaitu pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. Selain itu, budidaya kacang babi berpotensi mengurangi pencucian hara tanah karena kebutuhan dan serapan hara P oleh tanaman relatif tinggi. Integrasi tanaman kacang babi ke dalam sistem pertanaman kentang, baik dalam bentuk tumpang sari ataupun rotasi, dapat membawa manfaat bagi tanah dan tanaman lainnya. Tantangan di masa yang akan datang dalam mewujudkan inovasi sistem pertanaman ini adalah pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang dinamika unsur hara pada kondisi klimatik dan variasi tanah Dieng, kontribusi agroekologis tanaman-tanaman lain yang telah ada di lahan, serta persepsi dan sumber daya petani setempat.
Identifikasi Rhizoctonia Mikoriza dan Fusarium pada Anggrek Ascocentrum Miniatum
Authors: Achmadi Priyatmojo Raden Soelistijono Dwi Susilo Utami
Published: October 2018

Ascocentrum miniatum (kebutan orchids) is an orchid species in Indonesia is growing in Java. This orchid is rare (Appendix 2) and difficult to be cultivated. One of the obstacles faced in orchid cultivation A.miniatum because they are prone to fungal pathogens. Of the many fungal pathogens that infect, at most dominating is the fungus Fusarium sp.The aim of the research is to identify the mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia contained in A.miniatum orchids that are resistant to the fungus Fusarium sp. This study is the first stage of the three stages of research for 3 years and performed at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture UTP using methods that refers to the research conducted by Bayman dkk. (Otero, 2002) and Barnett & Hunter (1972). Each observation was repeated 5 with each replication contained 5 plants. Results showed that characterization of isolates of Rhizoctonia root mycorrhizal A. miniatum derived from Tawangmangu, Bandungan, Kaliurang, Sleman were not morphologically distinct. Equation characters are in colony color, length and number of the cell nucleus, while the characters are in wide differences in the cells and grouped in Tulasnella. Isolation of Fusarium showed macroconidia formation and pathogenicity tests are positive, and the extent of the disease is highest in the 5th month after the inoculation.
Modernization for cogeneration and district heating systems in urban areas: objectives and practice
Authors: Sharapov V. I. , Orlov M. E. , Zamaleev M. M. , Chaukin P. E.
Published: October 2018

The factors determining the need for modernization of urban district heating systems with combined heat and power are considered. It is noted that these factors include a significant reduction in thermal loads, new technical and technological opportunities for improving district heating systems, the change in legislation in the field of energy and heat supplying. It is shown that the main disadvantage of the current state of Russian cogeneration systems is a decrease in the combined production of heat and power, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of fuel use, due to unreasonably extensive use of autonomous heat supply sources in many regions. Besides, combined heat and power plants (CHPP) experience a lack of a level playing field in competition with other power plants in the electricity market, with a technically and economically unjustified ban imposed on open heat supply systems. For effective use of the benefits of cogeneration and district heating, the following top priority measures are recommended. It is required to legislate the economic benefits for the combined production of electricity and heat. It is necessary to adjust the model of the wholesale electric energy and power market to eliminate discrimination of CHPP in this market. The construction of autonomous heat sources in urban areas with CHPPs is to be prohibited unless substantiated with an adequate feasibility study. Decommissioning of CHPPs and heat sources, which are used to back up CHPPs, must only be permitted subject to a mandatory feasibility study, including assessment of effects on reliability of heat supply of urban consumers. The Russian Federal Law “On heat supply” is to be adjusted to lift the total ban on the use of open heat supply systems. It is required to create a national body with sufficient authority to control and coordinate the activities of energy companies to modernize cogeneration and district heating systems.
Technological and operational reliability of power supply system
Authors: Byk F. L. , Myshkina L. S.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to choosing ways to improve the technological reliability of regional electric network (REN) to ensure reliable power supply. At the operational stage, the task of increasing operational reliability is assigned to the enterprise asset management system of the territorial network organization (TNO), as a REN operator. Technological reliability is ensured by an operational dispatch control system, which uses the existing reserves in the network to support the technological process of electricity supply to electricity consumers in case of network equipment failures. The relevance of improving the technological and operational reliability of power supply system (PSS) requires the development and improvement of methods for analyzing and assessing the TNO's readiness to provide power transmission services. The indicators adopted in Russia reflect the level of technological reliability of PSS. However, these indicators do not reflect the technical condition of the equipment, or identify causal relationship between an equipment failure and an interruption of power supply. The research is aimed at identifying “bottlenecks” from the technological reliability standpoint and substantiating maintenance and repair, and technical re-equipment and reconstruction measures to improve operational reliability. A PSS model is proposed reflecting the technical condition of the network equipment, the operational readiness of automation systems, the availability of structural, functional and load redundancy in the REN. A method is suggested for calculating the PSS reliability indicators, where the developed indices reflect the degree of development of the network technical potential and the role of the aforesaid nodes in the PSS. The method makes it possible to identify the network parts, where it is necessary to introduce new technologies. In contrast to a well-known method, which is based on expert estimates of probabilities of different circuit-mode states of the network and on the calculation of normal and post-emergency modes, a less timeconsuming formalized procedure for analyzing and evaluating the network structural and functional reliability is proposed. The results obtained allow to increase the validity of the decisions made both at the operational stage and the design stage.
El cine foro como técnica de investigación cualitativa
Authors: Bonilla Baquero Carlos Bolivar
Published: October 2018

En este ensayo propongo una aplicación poco común del Cine Foro (CF), dirigida a enriquecer el repertorio de las técnicas cualitativas de investigación. Basado en una experiencia investiga- tiva sugiero elementos teóricos y prácticos para su uso con fines de consecución de información en un grupo de actores sociales, con el cual se desarrolla un proyecto específico. Recupero la rica tradición del Cineclub, en la que nace el CF, en su sentido básico de dinámica conversacional analítica en torno a una película, pero me alejo de sus clásicas pretensiones ilustrativas o de en- señanza acerca del Séptimo Arte.
Cuando lo que es un “problema” para los interventores comunitarios no es un problema para la comunidad. Reflexiones desde la Psicología Comunitaria
Authors: Parra Marcela Alejandra
Published: October 2018

A través del presente artículo de reflexión quisiéramos relatar una experiencia de trabajo que, como parte del equipo de un Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud, tuvimos como interventores comunitarios en torno a la “problemática” del embarazo adolescente. Dicha experiencia nos llevó a cuestionarnos y a reflexionar acerca de qué hacemos cuando nos encontramos frente a una situación que, desde un lugar de profesionales “expertos”, definimos en tanto “problema” y por consiguiente objeto de intervención, cuando “la comunidad” no entiende que dicha situación es problemática o merecedora de una intervención que se oriente a generar un cambio o una transformación. Al mismo tiempo, esta experiencia nos llevó a reconceptualizar nuestras estrategias de intervención comunitaria en términos de dispositivos de articulación a ser construidos con otros.
¿La Revolución Gay está cambiando el Mundo?
Authors: Moreno Rangel Nestor Eliecer
Published: October 2018

Reseña de: Martel, F. (2013).Global Gay: Cómo la revolución gay está cambiando el mundo. México: Taurus.
Light-driven Charging of a Molecular Cu(I) Complex for Storage of Photoredox Equivalents and Discharging in the Dark
Authors: Schulz Martin , Hagmeyer Nina , Wehmeyer Frerk , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: October 2018

The diurnal day/night cycle presently is a great challenge for the harvest of solar energy rendering suitable energy storage schemes inevitable. In the described experiments a Cu(I) 4H-imidazolate complex is efficiently photoreduced in the presence of a sacrificial donor. The obtained two-electron reduced species is stored for more than 14 hours in the dark. In a dark reaction, the stored photoredox equivalents can be transferred to an electron acceptor while the starting Cu(I) complex is almost completely regained. Repetition of the photoreduction/reoxidation revealed a photoreduction efficiency of 72% after four cycles.
Oxidation States of Binary Oxides from Data Analytics of the Electronic Structure
Authors: Posysaev Sergei , Miroshnichenko Olga , Alatalo Matti , Le Duy , Rahman Talat S.
Published: October 2018

A connection between the oxidation state (OS) and Bader charge has been missing so far. To our knowledge, all previous work tried to connect OS with Bader charges only with few compounds. The aim of this work was to find a dependency between OS and Bader charge, using a large number of compounds from an open database. We show that a correlation indeed exists between OSs and Bader charges using the simplest machine learning algorithm, linear regression. The applicability of determining OS by Bader charges in mixed-valence compounds and surfaces is considered.
Cavity Catalysis ‒Accelerating Reactions under Vibrational Strong Coupling‒
Authors: Hiura Hidefumi , Shalabney Atef , George Jino
Published: October 2018

In conventional catalysis the reactants interact with specific sites of the catalyst in such a way that the reaction barrier is lowered and the reaction rate is accelerated. Here we take a radically different approach to catalysis by strongly coupling the vibrations of the reactants to the vacuum electromagnetic field of a cavity. To demonstrate the possibility of such cavity catalysis, we have studied hydrolysis reactions under strong coupling of the OH stretching mode of water to a Fabry-Pérot (FP) microfluidic cavity mode. This results in an exceptionally large Rabi splitting energy ℏΩR of 92 meV (740 cm−1), indicating the system is in vibrational ultra-strong coupling (V-USC) regime and we have found that it enhances the hydrolysis reaction rate of cyanate ions by 102 times and that of ammonia borane by 104 times. This catalytic ability is shown to depend only upon the cavity tuning and the coupling ratio. Given the vital importance of water for life and human activities, we expect our finding not only offers an unconventional way of controlling chemical reactions by ultra-strong light-matter interactions, but also changes the landscape of chemistry in a fundamental way.
Relationship between serologic profile (ANCA type) and clinical features of renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides
Authors: Bulanov N M , Makarov E A , Shchegoleva E M , Zykova A S , Vinogradova E S , Novikov P I , Lysenko(Kozlovskaya) L V , Moiseev S V
Published: October 2018

Objective. To compare the frequency, clinical features and outcomes of renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) in patients with antibodies against proteinase-3 (pr3-ANCA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA). Materials and methods. In our retrospective study we enrolled 264 patients, 94 males and 170 females, median age 53 [36; 62] years. Among them 157 were pr3-ANCA positive and 107 were MPO-ANCA positive. AAV was diagnosed according to ACR criteria and Chapel Hill consensus conference definition (2012). Median follow up was 44 [18; 93] months. We assessed baseline BVAS and VDI by the end of the follow up. Serum creatinine (sCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hematuria and daily proteinuria were estimated. Diagnosis and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) were established according to KDIGO guidelines (2012) and Scientific Society of Russian Nephrologists (2016). Results. Renal involvement was present in 181 (68.6%) patients, and its frequency was similar in pr3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA subgroups. Patients with MPO-ANCA developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and hypertension significantly more often than patients with pr3-ANCA: 50.7% vs 35.6% (p=0.049) and 46.1% vs 29.8% (p=0.029) respectively. At disease onset, median sCr was significantly higher and eGFR was significantly lower in patients with MPO-ANCA (p