bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loneliness, regulatory focus, inter-personal competence, and online game addiction
Authors: Lee Ji-yeon , Ko Dong Woo , Lee Hyemin
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the predictors of game addiction based on loneliness, motivation and inter-personal competence using the samples of college students recruited from South Korea (n=251).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined the underlying mechanism of game addiction by testing a moderated mediation model, in which inter-personal competence moderated the mediation model of loneliness, regulatory focus and online game addiction. First, the authors clarified the relationship among loneliness, motivation and inter-personal competence, to understand the influences of loneliness on other variables in this study (mediation test). Second, the authors examined the underlying mechanism of game addiction by testing a moderated mediation model, in which inter-personal competence moderated the mediation model of loneliness, regulatory focus and online game addiction (moderated mediation).

Findings

Regulatory focus mediated the effect of loneliness on online game addiction. Moderated mediation analyses using PROCESS confirmed that inter-personal competence significantly buffered the indirect effect of loneliness (through regulatory focus) on online game addiction. The findings indicated that inter-personal competence accounted for significant differences in the mediation models.

Originality/value

This study bridges the gap in the online game addiction literature by explaining how loneliness is associated with online game addiction.
Impact of climate change on yield and water requirement of rainfed crops in the Setif region
Authors: Bouregaa Tarek
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of climate change on yield and water requirement of three rainfed crops in Setif region.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates likely changes in annual temperature and precipitation over Setif high plains region (North East of Algeria) among three future periods: 2025, 2050 and 2075. The projections are based on the SRES A2 and B2 scenarios. MAGICC-SCENGEN 5.3 v.2 was used as a tool for downscaling the four selected general circulation models (GCMs) output data. The expected impact of climate change on yield and water requirement of winter wheat, barley and olive was evaluated using the CROPWAT model.

Findings

The projection of the four GCMs showed that average temperature will increase by 0.73 to 3.42°C, and the precipitation will decrease by 1 to 52.7 percent, across the three future periods under the two SRES scenarios. Winter wheat and olive yields are expected to decrease under the three types of soils (heavy, medium and light). However, barley yield is expected to reduce under light soil only. Crop water requirements and irrigation water requirements are expected to increase under the two scenarios and across the three future periods.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to study the impact of future climate change on water requirement and yield of rainfed crops over Setif region.
A cascading approach to training discovery
Authors: Galasso Meg , Cohen Rachael Anne , Thorpe Pusnik Angie
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate why libraries should develop instructional plans to further integrate Web-scale discovery services into the academy, as well as propose a three-fold delivery plan to achieve this goal.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper documents a strategy to integrate Web-scale discovery services into library training and instruction for multiple audiences. The strategy is informed by past analysis of discovery service search queries.

Findings

It presents a three-part training plan that can be applied to multiple audiences, universities/colleges and even discovery service platforms.

Practical implications

The strategies and practices detailed in this paper are easily adaptable to other institutions that currently subscribe to Web-scale discovery service products.

Originality/value

This paper introduces an innovative approach toward transforming Web-scale discovery instruction across the academy, based on search query analysis.
Poynting and polarization vectors based wavefield decomposition and their application on elastic reverse time migration in 2D transversely isotropic media
Authors: Lu Yongming , Liu Qiancheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Yang Kai , Sun Hui
Published: March 2019

With the progress in computational power and seismic acquisition, elastic reverse time migration is becoming increasingly feasible and helpful in characterizing the physical properties of subsurface structures. To achieve high‐resolution seismic imaging using elastic reverse time migration, it is necessary to separate the compressional (P‐wave) and shear (S‐wave) waves for both isotropic and anisotropic media. In elastic isotropic media, the conventional method for wave‐mode separation is to use the divergence and curl operators. However, in anisotropic media, the polarization direction of P waves is not exactly parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Also, the polarization direction of S‐waves is not totally perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For this reason, the conventional divergence and curl operators show poor performance in anisotropic media. Moreover, conventional methods only perform well in the space domain of regular grids, and they are not suitable for elastic numerical simulation algorithms based on non‐regular grids. Besides, these methods distort the original wavefield by taking spatial derivatives. In this case, a new anisotropic wave‐mode separation scheme is developed using Poynting vectors. This scheme can be performed in the angle domain by constructing the relationship between group and polarization angles of different wave modes. Also, it is performed pointwise, independent of adjacent space points, suitable for parallel computing. Moreover, there is no need to correct the changes in phase and amplitude caused by the derivative operators. By using this scheme, the anisotropic elastic reverse time migration is more efficiently performed on the unstructured mesh. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified by several numerical examples.
Challenges in the conservation of wide‐ranging nomadic species
Authors: Nandintsetseg Dejid , Bracis Chloe , Olson Kirk A. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Calabrese Justin M. , Chimeddorj Buyanaa , Fagan William F. , Fleming Christen H. , Heiner Michael , Kaczensky Petra , Leimgruber Peter , Munkhnast Dalannast , Stratmann Theresa , Mueller Thomas
Published: March 2019

Conservation of nomadic species presents significant conservation challenges because of unpredictability in their movements and space use. Long‐term studies on nomadic species offering insights into the variability in space use within and between years are largely missing but are necessary to develop effective conservation strategies.

We examined the temporal variability in space‐use of Mongolian gazelle, a nomadic species. We tracked 22 individuals for 1–3 years with GPS and used the resulting movement patterns to evaluate conservation strategies associated with their nomadic movements in the intact open plain grasslands of Mongolia. Individuals exhibited a high degree of variability in space use within and between years, often using different wintering areas in different years. The individual range size varied as much as threefold between years, with an estimated average annual individual range size of ~19,000 km2 and a lifetime range of ~100,000 km2.

Comparing simulated and empirical GPS trajectories for the Mongolian gazelle showed that they avoided disturbed areas (e.g. oil fields) and did not prefer protected areas. Importantly, no single protected area in the region was large enough to cover the annual range of any of the tracked gazelle.

Because of their wide‐ranging movements, the presence of linear infrastructure and the resulting barrier effects are a particular concern. We found that fences along the national border were absolute barriers affecting movements of about 80% of all tracked individuals. When gazelle encounter the border fence, they moved a median distance of 11 km along fences, suggesting frequent crossing options are needed to make barriers permeable.

Synthesis and applications. We show that for nomadic species whose space use varies greatly across years, multiyear movement data are essential for sound conservation planning. We emphasize that place‐based approaches alone are insufficient to conserve wide‐ranging nomadic species and that linear infrastructure, including fences, highways and railroads, is of particular concern. Because nomadic species lack defined movement corridors, we advocate integrated land use planning that prioritizes permeability across the entire landscape and facilitates long‐distance movements. We suggest that conservation strategies for nomadic species in arid and semi‐arid regions be reconsidered based on multiyear connectivity assessments at the landscape scale.
Biological‐based habitat classification approaches promote cost‐efficient monitoring: An example using seabed assemblages
Authors: Cooper Keith M. , Bolam Stefan G. , Downie Anna‐Leena , Barry Jon
Published: March 2019

Seabed habitat maps can help facilitate the management of marine environments. A variety of approaches exist for seabed habitat classification. Most partition the environment according to physical environmental characteristics, with an assumption that resulting habitat classes are biologically meaningful. In the absence of comprehensive broad‐scale biological data, this strategy offers a logical and pragmatic way of producing habitat maps to help manage the marine environment. Across Europe, the physical based European Nature Information System (EUNIS) classification has gained wide acceptance, with maps used to classify broadscale habitats within Marine Protected Areas and to design monitoring programmes. An alternative approach to habitat classification, made possible by increasing quantities of data, is to use the biology to identify meaningful habitats. With such contrasting approaches, the question arises as to which provides the most robust and efficient basis for biological monitoring.

To investigate, we compared variability in macrofaunal assemblages across different EUNIS sediment classes to those of two new habitat classification approaches developed in this study. The first of these (PHY) is based on a wide suite of physical variables known to influence the fauna. The second (BIO) uses the fauna to identify meaningful habitats. Both classifications were produced using a training dataset (9,619 grab samples) and employing k‐means clustering and Random Forest Modelling. Power analysis of test set data (4,123 samples) was used to assess the number of samples required to detect a 20% change in taxon richness and total abundance across all classes of each classification approach.

Results showed that across all habitat classes, the BIO classification required 49% and 31% fewer samples to detect the change in richness and abundance than EUNIS level 4. Whilst offering some improvement on EUNIS, PHY still required many more samples than BIO.

Synthesis and applications. Habitat maps based on biological data have generally lower within‐habitat variability in community metrics than those produced using physical attributes alone. As a result, biologically‐based habitat maps could offer a more cost‐effective basis for ecological monitoring.
Nutrition process improvements for adult inpatients with inborn errors of metabolism using the i‐PARIHS framework
Authors: Williams Clare , van der Meij Barbara S. , Nisbet Janelle , Mcgill Jim , Wilkinson Shelley A.
Published: March 2019

Aim

This project aimed to implement consensus recommendations and innovations that improve dietetic services to promote timely referral to optimise nutritional management for adult inpatients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM).

Methods

The i‐PARIHS framework was used to identify service gaps, implement innovations and evaluate the innovations within this single‐site study. The constructs of this framework are: (i) review of the evidence; (ii) recognising patients and staff knowledge and attitudes; (iii) acknowledging the local context; and (iv) the facilitators role. This included a literature review and metabolic centre service comparisons to investigate dietetic referral and foodservice processes to inform the innovation. A 12‐month chart audit (6 months retrospective and prospective of implemented innovation, respectively) to evaluate newly established dietetic referral and IEM nutrition provision procedures was also completed.

Results

The innovations implemented encompassed a clinical alert triggering urgent referral, nutrition sick day plans and metabolic diet and formula prescription via an ‘alert’ tab in electronic records. Eleven metabolic protein‐restricted diets and nine formula recipes were introduced. Prior to the innovations, only 53% (n = 19/36) of inpatients with IEM were assessed by the dietitian and received appropriate nutrition within 24 hours. Following implementation of the innovations, 100% (n = 11/11) of inpatients with IEM received timely dietetic assessment and therapeutic nutrition.

Conclusions

Implementation of innovations developed using the i‐PARIHS framework is effective in timely notification of the metabolic dietitian of referrals. This ensures optimal nutritional management during admissions which is required in this group of high‐risk patients.
Validation, Comfort, and Syncretic Belief in the Afterlife: U.S. Viewers’ Perceptions ofLong Island Medium
Authors: White Cassandra
Published: March 2019

On the reality TV programLong Island Mediumand in public performances, professional spirit medium Theresa Caputo interprets messages she says she receives from the spirits of the deceased. Based on interviews with people who have seen her on television or in a live stage performance, I sought to learn more about how viewers experience, interpret, and are affected by these readings and by her presentation of life after death. For viewers who believed in this television medium's abilities, I was interested in how her interpretation of the spirit world corresponded with theirs. While some viewers were quite skeptical, for others the program provided a level of comfort about lost relatives and/or offered a means of validating or further understanding their own personal experiences with nonempirical phenomena. In this article, I explore howLong Island Mediummay offer a cultural framework for interpreting perceptions of spirit entities that is not available in mainstream U.S. culture or religion.
Key enablers and barriers to implementing adaptive pathways in the European setting
Authors: Rejon‐Parrilla Juan Carlos , Jonsson Pall , Bouvy Jacoline C.
Published: March 2019

In 2016, the European Medicines Agency published the conclusions of its pilot on adaptive pathways, with products in early stages of development still building up to their marketing authorisation. Adaptive pathways rests on three principles: iterative development; gathering evidence through real‐life use to supplement clinical trial data; and early engagement of patients, payers and health technology assessment bodies in discussions on a medicine's development. While the pilot has now finished, the practical system‐wide implications of employing the adaptive pathways approach are not known and further consideration of these three principles is required. In this paper we used the three principles that underpin adaptive pathways to discuss main scientific and European policy developments likely to determine progress on further implementing adaptive pathways in the European setting.
By design: Professional learning ecologies to develop primary school teachers’ makerspaces pedagogical capabilities
Authors: Stevenson Michael , Bower Matt , Falloon Garry , Forbes Anne , Hatzigianni Maria
Published: March 2019

Makerspaces embody a growing movement of educators promoting constructionist learning with physical materials and digital technologies such as 3D design and 3D printing. As it gains traction in K‐12 settings, the maker movement represents an interesting context in which to explore how professional ecologies can equip teachers with the knowledge, skills and dispositions needed to implement twenty‐first century learning in their school context. This study investigated the roles of different participants from industry, school leadership and colleagues in influencing teachers’ confidence, enthusiasm, capabilities and beliefs when teaching in makerspaces. Utilising triangulated observations of activities through online questionnaires at beginning, middle and end points, as well as postproject interviews, the study explored the participation of 27 primary school teachers in a blended professional learning programme, followed by classroom delivery of modules focusing on tablet‐based 3D design applications and the use of newly instaled 3D printers. Reporting no prior knowledge or experience with makerspaces, quantitative analyses revealed significant increases in teachers’ confidence and enthusiasm. Qualitative analyses of questionnaire and interview data underscored the influence of hands‐on and theoretically grounded professional learning providing practical exposure to constructionist ideas, design thinking methodologies and 3D design technologies. Findings reveal the importance of targeted professional learning coupled with a substantial collegially supported implementation phase, as well as support from school leaders and industry partners to promote meaningful pedagogical change in technology‐mediated maker‐based learning.
A novel gene (FAM20B encoding glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase) for neonatal short limb dysplasia resembling Desbuquois dysplasia
Authors: Kuroda Yukiko , Murakami Hiroaki , Enomoto Yumi , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Takahashi Kazumi , Mitsuzuka Kanako , Ishimoto Hitoshi , Nishimura Gen , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: March 2019

Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) is an autosomal recessive heterogeneous disorder characterized by joint laxity and skeletal changes, including a distinctive monkey‐wrench appearance of the femora, advanced carpal ossification, and abnormal patterning of the preaxial digits. Two genes for DBQD (CANT1 encoding calcium‐activated nucleotidase‐1 and XYLT1 encoding xylosyltransferase‐1) have been reported. We propose a novel gene for neonatal short limb dysplasia resembling DBQD, based on the phenotype and genotype of two affected siblings. The affected boy and girl died in early infancy and shortly after birth, respectively. The clinical hallmarks included mid‐face hypoplasia, thoracic hypoplasia with respiratory failure, very short stature (approximately −7 SD of birth length) with mesomelic shortening of the limbs, and multiple dislocations of the large joints. Radiological examinations showed prominent lesser trochanter, flared metaphyses of the long bones, and joint dislocations. The affected boy had preaxial digital hypoplasia, and the affected girl showed overlapping and syndactyly of the preaxial digits. Molecular analyses of the girl showed compound heterozygous variants in FAM20B (NM_014864: c.174_178delTACCT p.T59Afs*19/c.1038delG p.N347Mfs*4). FAM20B encodes glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase, which acts downstream of xylosyltransferase‐1. Given the fact that FAM20B deficiency causes skeletal phenotypes in mice and zebrafish, these variants are highly probable to be pathogenic.
Rab25 promotes erlotinib resistance by activating the β1 integrin/AKT/β‐catenin pathway in NSCLC
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Zhou Pu , Wang Xudong , Yu Yongxin , Zhu Guangkuo , Zheng Linpeng , Xu Zihan , Li Feng , You Qiai , Yang Qiao , Zhuo Wenlei , Sun Jianguo , Chen Zhengtang
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) has significant therapeutic efficacy in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, acquired resistance is inevitable and limits the long‐term efficacy of EGFR‐TKI. Our study aimed to investigate the role of ras‐associated binding protein 25 (Rab25) in mediating EGFR‐TKI resistance in NSCLC.

Materials and Methods

Rab25 expression in NSCLC patients was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Western blotting was used to analyse the expression of molecules in the Rab25, EGFR and Wnt signalling pathways. Lentiviral vectors were constructed to knock in and knock out Rab25. The biological function of Rab25 was demonstrated by cell‐counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry. The interaction between Rab25 and β1 integrin was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation.

Results

Rab25 overexpression induced erlotinib resistance, whereas Rab25 knockdown reversed this refractoriness in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Rab25 interacts with β1 integrin and promotes its trafficking to the cytoplasmic membrane. The membrane‐β1 integrin induced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and subsequently activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, high Rab25 expression was associated with poor response to EGFR‐TKI treatment in NSCLC patients.

Conclusions

Rab25 mediates erlotinib resistance by activating the β1 integrin/AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Rab25 may be a predictive biomarker and has potential therapeutic value in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKI.
Integrating reproductive phenology in ecological niche models changed the predicted future ranges of a marine invader
Authors: Chefaoui Rosa M. , Serebryakova Alexandra , Engelen Aschwin H. , Viard Frédérique , Serrão Ester A.
Published: March 2019

Aim

Phenology of a wide diversity of organisms has a dependency on climate, usually with reproductive periods beginning earlier in the year and lasting longer at lower latitudes. Temperature and day length are known environmental drivers of the reproductive timing of many species. Hence, reproductive phenology is sensitive to warming and is important to be considered for reliable predictions of species distributions. This is particularly relevant for rapidly spreading non‐indigenous species (NIS). In this study, we forecast the future ranges of a NIS, the seaweed Sargassum muticum, including its reproductive phenology.

Location

Coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Pacific and Atlantic oceans).

Methods

We used ecological niche modelling to predict the distribution of S. muticum under two scenarios forecasting limited (RCP 2.6) and severe (RCP 8.5) future climate changes. We then refined our predictions with a hybrid model using sea surface temperature constraints on reproductive phenology.

Results

Under the most severe climate change scenario, we predicted northward expansions which may have significant ecological consequences for subarctic coastal ecosystems. However, in lower latitudes, habitats currently occupied by S. muticum will no longer be suitable, creating opportunities for substantial community changes. The temperature constraints imposed by the reproductive window were shown to restrict the modelled future species expansion strongly. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, the total range area was expected to increase by 61.75% by 2100, but only by 1.63% when the reproductive temperature window was considered.

Main conclusions

Altogether these results exemplify the need to integrate phenology better to improve the prediction of future distributional shifts at local and regional scales.
Towards a More Critical Theory of ‘Development’ in the 21st Century
Authors: Ziai Aram
Published: March 2019

In response to the article by Horner and Hulme which opens this Debate section, this contribution argues that while the call for a shift from international to global development by Horner and Hulme is justified, their approach is confined to what has been called traditional or problem‐solving theory. On the levels of concepts, theory and metatheory, it fails to transcend orthodox approaches in development theory. Concerning concepts, it employs the traditional concept of ‘development’ without recognizing its ambiguity, referring at different times to social change, positive social change or social change according to the European model. Concerning theory, it is based on the nation state as a unit of analysis, not differentiating between different socio‐economic groups or classes, and neglects questions of power. Concerning metatheory, its knowledge interest, epistemology and methodology also remain within orthodox boundaries, for example reproducing the measurement of aggregate per capita income and its evaluation as progress. In the last section of this article, the author presents an outline sketch for a more critical theory of ‘development’.
Bringing Development Back into Development Studies
Authors: Fischer Andrew M.
Published: March 2019

This article challenges Horner and Hulme's call to move from ‘international development’ to ‘global development’ with a reaffirmation of the classical traditions of development studies. With some adaptation to fit the changing contemporary context, these traditions not only remain relevant but also recover vital insights that have been obscured in the various fashionable re‐imaginings of development. In particular, development thinking and agendas in the past were much more radical and ambitious in addressing the imperatives of redistribution and progressive forms of transformation in the context of stark asymmetries of wealth and power. Such ambition is still needed to address the nature and scale of challenges that continue to face the bulk of countries in the world, particularly given the persistence if not deepening of asymmetries. This reaffirmation is elaborated by addressing three major weaknesses in Horner and Hulme's arguments. First, they do not actually define development, but instead treat it as simply poverty and inequality dynamics, which are better understood as outcomes rather than causes. Second, despite their assertion that the study of (international) development was primarily concerned with between‐country inequalities, this is not true. Domestic inequality was in fact central to both development theory and policy since the origins of the field. Third, the authors ignore the rise of neoliberalism from the late 1970s onwards and the profound crisis that this caused to development outside of East Asia and perhaps India, which the jargon of ‘global’ implicitly obfuscates and even condones. Rather, the experiences of East Asia and in particular China arguably vindicate classical approaches in development studies.
Community assembly processes restrict the capacity for genetic adaptation under climate change
Authors: Mokany Karel , Bush Alex , Ferrier Simon
Published: March 2019

Given the magnitude and rate of ongoing climate change, the physiological capacity of species to tolerate extreme conditions will play a key role in influencing outcomes for biodiversity. It is also possible that species will respond to changes in climate by shifting their physiological tolerances, through genetic adaptation. How these processes influence biodiversity outcomes will be crucial in determining the most suitable management responses to retain diversity into the future. Here we assess how accounting for physiological tolerances, genetic adaptation and community assembly processes such as species replacement, influence projected climate change outcomes for the flora of Tasmania (all 2051 plant species). We incorporate these processes into the M‐SET metacommunity model and compare four different assumptions of species niches: realized niches, broader physiological tolerances and low or high capacity for genetic adaptation. Accounting for physiological tolerances rather than realized niches had the largest impact on projected outcomes, with 358 fewer species extinctions in the hottest climate scenario (mean = 30 extinctions). In contrast, adding the capacity for species physiological tolerances to shift through genetic adaptation resulted in little additional benefits for biodiversity outcomes, even under an optimistic level of adaptive capacity. We find that this is due largely to community assembly processes such as species replacement restricting the ability of species to persist and adapt in situ, as has been suggested from theoretical metacommunity models applied in simple artificial settings. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for species physiological tolerances and community‐level processes in biodiversity projections, while the potential role for genetic adaptation may be small, requiring further exploration in alternative contexts.
Property and economic planning inFichte's contractualism
Authors: Nance Michael
Published: March 2019

My paper reconstructs Fichte's property theory and political economy inFoundations of Natural RightandThe Closed Commercial State. Fichte's theory of property requires the rejection of the classical liberal theory of property rights. Fichte's alternative theory of property, in conjunction with his republican account of the state's role in guaranteeing individual rights, further requires the rejection of a market economy in favor of a planned economy. For Fichte's view entails the normative necessity of a political economy in which the production and transfer of goods and services, across large sectors of the economy, are mandated by the state in advance in accordance with an economic plan. As a result, Fichte reconceives his contractualism as necessarily including the negotiation of a state‐enforced plan for economic activity. Thus, Fichte's new theory of property inFoundations of Natural Righthas extremely wide‐ranging implications for the rest of his political and economic thought. The negotiation of fair terms of political association characteristic of classical contractualist thought becomes in Fichte's hands the negotiation of an economic plan that defines each individual's socioeconomic rights. I conclude with some brief remarks on the sense in which Fichte's theory serves as a cautionary tale for later socialists.
Geometrical characterization of urban fill by integrating the multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction method and electrical resistivity tomography: A case study in Poitiers, France
Authors: Cavalcante Fraga Luis H. , Schamper Cyril , Noël Cécile , Guérin Roger , Rejiba Fayçal
Published: March 2019

A geophysical survey including electromagnetic induction (EMI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods was applied and assessed with a 40‐trench sampling grid to delineate the geometry of an urban fill layer. Classical investigation techniques, such as excavation, offer localized information and suffer from time and budget constraints for environmental assessments. Near‐surface geophysics can provide the required spatial sampling to evaluate the coverage of anthropogenic soils in a time‐effective and quasi‐continuous manner. Fast‐acquisition and high‐spatial‐coverage EMI mapping and high‐vertical‐resolution ERT were implemented to delineate a suspicious urban fill on a 5‐ha site in a suburban region, which will host the buildings of a commercial complex. The ERT data and 40 trench excavations revealed an urban fill thickness ranging from 0.4 to 3.6 m overlying a calcareous substratum. After ERT–EMI calibration, a two‐layer model was introduced into the one‐dimensional (1‐D) inversion of the EMI data for estimating the geometry of the urban fill layer across the study site. The EMI 1‐D inversion results indicated that the predicted urban fill thicknesses were consistent with 70% of the measured values (27 out of 40 excavation sites). Resistive ground, large 3‐D structures and the heterogeneity of urban fill affected the EMI and ERT measurements and increased the difficulty of estimating its spatial distribution. In this paper, we present a measurement protocol that can guide land‐use development and be reproduced to investigate brownfield sites.

Highlights

Urban soils are poorly characterized by localized investigations for environmental assessments.

Spatial EMI data from an urban fill context were calibrated by ERT for thickness inversion.

The ERT–EMI inversion reconstructed the urban fill thickness for 70% of the excavation points.

Geophysical techniques can reduce uncertainties for site rehabilitation and land‐use development.
Non‐destructive observation of the mycangia of Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Jiang Zi‐Ru , Kinoshita Shun'ichi , Sasaki Osamu , I. Cognato Anthony , Kajimura Hisashi
Published: March 2019

X‐ray microtomography has been applied successfully to obtain reliable microstructural information of many insect species. Nonetheless, the technique has not been widely applied to ambrosia beetles. The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) was first recorded as a vector of plant pathogenic fungus Ceratocystis ficicola Kajitani & Masuya, which has caused serious wilt disease in many fig orchards in Japan since 1999. Previous studies of E. interjectus have not described the mycangia (fungus‐storing organ) in detail. In this study, we non‐destructively examined the internal structure of an adult female of E. interjectus through computed microtomography scans. Paired mycangia were observed on typical computed tomography cross‐sections of the head. Each mycangium, ovoid in shape, was located in tissues just posterior to emarginated notch of eyes, adjacent to pharynx. Three dimensions (length × width × depth) of the mycangia were measured on stereography. We confirmed the absence of mycangia in the other body parts, such as elytra, prothorax and coxa of legs.
Albumin–Indocyanine Green Evaluation (ALICE) grade combined with portal hypertension to predict post‐hepatectomy liver failure
Authors: Shirata Chikara , Kokudo Takashi , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi
Published: March 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of liver function factors in predicting a postoperative large‐volume ascites (LA) and post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Methods

We included 1025 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2002 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the role of each factor of liver function in predicting LA and PHLF. Factors included the presence of portal hypertension (PH), extent of resection, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and Albumin–Indocyanine Green Evaluation (ALICE) grade.

Results

The ALICE score was the strongest predictor for LA (odds ratio [OR], 5.02) and PHLF (OR, 10.94). Conversely, MELD score was not a significant predictive factor for LA or PHLF based on the multivariate analysis. In the ALICE grade 2 group, patients with PH showed a significantly high incidence of developing LA and experiencing PHLF compared with those without PH (LA, 22.4% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001; PHLF, 8.6% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001, respectively). Of patients in the ALICE 2 group, those undergoing sectoriectomy or more extensive resection were associated with extremely poor outcomes (LA, 54.2%; PHLF, 29.2%).

Conclusions

A combination of ALICE grade and presence of PH is a useful predictor of LA and PHLF.
A descriptive study of a novel pharmacist led health outreach service for those experiencing homelessness
Authors: Lowrie Frances , Gibson Lauren , Towle Ian , Lowrie Richard
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To illustrate and review this new service and to describe the demographics of the patient group and the typology of interventions made by the pharmacist prescribers.

Methods

Pharmacists provided pop-up, drop-in (no appointment needed) health clinics to various homeless support venues in Glasgow City Centre. Data from pharmacists’ interventions (n = 52) and patient demographics were gathered from clinical records. Data were then extracted, transcribed and analysed.

Key findings

The demographics of the homeless patient group consisted mainly of white middle-aged males (mean age 39.8 years), of Scottish ethnicity and living in homeless hostels. Medications were prescribed by pharmacists in 62% of all patients. New medications were initiated in 69% of these patients; repeat/re-issues of lapsed medications were issued in 66% of these patients; changes were made to existing medication in 16%. The most commonly prescribed items were as follows: wound dressings; antihypertensives; antidiabetics; analgesics; inhalers; antidepressants; and nutritional supplements. Pharmacists diagnosed a new clinical issue in 69% of patients, most commonly with infections (skin or respiratory) in 36% of patients. Sixty-two per cent of patients had their presenting symptoms managed by the pharmacist alone. Patient engagement was good with 85% subsequently attending either a follow-up with the pharmacist or onward referral (to specialist services, secondary care, general practitioner appointment etc).

Conclusions

Assertive outreach by pharmacist independent prescribers for people who are homeless is feasible and leads to increased access to medicines for acute and chronic health problems. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of this new service on key clinical outcomes.
Fixed-rate insulin for adult diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with more frequent hypoglycaemia than rate-reduction method: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lorenson Jessica L , Cusumano Michael C , Stewart Anna M , Buhnerkempe Michael G , Sanghavi Devang
Published: March 2019

Objective

To assess whether hypoglycaemia incidence during management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) differed following transition from a fixed-rate insulin protocol to a protocol using an empiric insulin rate reduction after normoglycaemia.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts from adult patients managed with a DKA order set before and after order set revision. In cohort 1 (n = 77), insulin rate was 0.1 unit/kg/h with no adjustments and dextrose was infused at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 250 mg/dl. In cohort 2 (n = 78), insulin was reduced to 0.05 unit/kg/h concurrent with dextrose initiation at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 200 mg/dl. The primary outcome was hypoglycaemia (glucose < 70 mg/dl) within 24 h of the first order for insulin.

Key findings

The 24-h incidence of hypoglycaemia was 19.2% in cohort 2 versus 32.5% in cohort 1; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.21, 0.98]; P = 0.047). The 24-h use of dextrose 50% in water (D50W) was also reduced in cohort 2. No differences were seen in anion gap or bicarbonate normalization, rebound hyperglycaemia or ICU length of stay. In most patients who became hypoglycaemic, the preceding glucose value was below 100 mg/dl.

Conclusions

The insulin rate-reduction protocol was associated with less hypoglycaemia and no obvious disadvantage. Robust intervention for low-normal glucose values could plausibly achieve low hypoglycaemia rates with either approach.
Local augmentation efficiency of Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), the egg parasitoid of Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Santolamazza‐Carbone Serena , Pérez‐Rodríguez Antonio , García‐Fojo Rubén , Cordero‐Rivera Adolfo
Published: March 2019

The efficiency of local augmentation releases of the egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens to control the Eucalyptus snout‐beetle Gonipterus platensis was tested in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Galicia (NW Spain). On May–June 2006, at two localities of Pontevedra province, the release of host egg capsules parasitized by A. nitens at a potential rate of 300 adults/ha was compared with a release density of 900 adults/ha, and a control group of eucalypts not subjected to augmentation. Parasitism rate after 1–2 weeks did not significantly increase over the control plots at both localities. The high release rate did not ensure a higher crop protection and therefore could be not economically justified. On March–April 2017, at four localities of Pontevedra province, the test was replicated by releasing 300 parasitoids/ha. Parasitism level did significantly increase over the control just in one locality. Augmentation of A. nitens at small scale generally failed to achieve a higher protection from the pest, possibly due to the large extension of the E. globulus plantations, the magnitude of the G. platensis population and the fluctuations of the established parasitoid population, whose density is in turn affected by host egg availability and density‐dependent dispersal.
Unplanned readmission after ocular trauma ambulatory surgery: A retrospective study of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center
Authors: Zheng Yongxin , Chen Juejing , Zhong Liuxueying , Lin Xiaofeng , Lin Yueyan , Fang Hao , Pang Tingting
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Ambulatory surgery (AS) has become common in recent years. This study explored the causes of unplanned readmission after AS and the trends in the rate of unplanned readmission in the Ocular Trauma Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.

Methods

We collected information on patients who underwent AS from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017, summarized the causes of ambulatory hospitalization, and analysed the type of initial surgical procedure and the reasons for 31‐day unplanned readmission. The Ocular Trauma Department started to perform AS in around mid‐2015, and we collected information on patients who underwent ambulatory pars plana vitrectomy (APPV) from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 to explore the predictive factors for the 31‐day unplanned readmission of APPV patients.

Results

In 2015, 2016, and 2017, a total of 3443 patients underwent AS, among whom the three most common causes of ambulatory hospitalization were eye wall and appendages injury, aphakia, and silicone oil‐filled eye. Of the 3443 patients, 32 returned for 31‐day unplanned readmission, a readmission rate of 0.93%. The most common surgery (34.4%, 11/32) that resulted in unplanned readmission was pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The major reasons for unplanned readmission were retinal detachment (RD) (34.4%, 11/32) and high intraocular pressure (HIP) (18.8%, 6/32). There were 860 patients who underwent APPV from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, among whom 10 needed 31‐day unplanned readmission, and the readmission rate of APPV for ocular trauma in 2016 and 2017 was 1.16%. Length of procedure (P < 0.05) and use of silicone oil filling (P < 0.05) were significantly related to the risk of unplanned readmission for APPV surgery.

Conclusion

It is generally safe to perform AS on patients with ocular trauma. However, longer operative times and silicone oil filling increase the risk of unplanned readmission for APPV surgery.
Developmental changes in oxygen consumption and hypoxia tolerance in the heat and hypoxia‐adapted tabasco line of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, with a survey of the metabolic literature for the genus Oreochromis
Authors: Burggren Warren W. , Mendez‐Sanchez Jose F. , Martínez Bautista Gil , Peña Emyr , Martínez García Rafael , Alvarez González Carlos A.
Published: March 2019

The genus Oreochromis is among the most popular of the tilapiine cichlid tribe for aquaculture. However, their temperature and hypoxia tolerance, if tested at all, is usually tested at temperatures of 20–25°C, rather than at the considerably higher temperatures of 30–35°C typical of tropical aquaculture.

We hypothesized that both larvae and adults of the heat and hypoxia‐adapted Tabasco‐line of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus would be relatively hypoxia‐tolerant. Oxygen consumption rate (), Q10 and aquatic surface respiration (ASR) was measured using closed respirometry at 2 (c. 0.2 g), 30 (c. 2–5 g), 105 c. (10–15 g) and 240 (c. 250 g) days of development, at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. at 30°C was inversely related to body mass: c. 90 μM O2 g−1/h in larvae down to c. 1 μM O2 g−1/h in young adults. Q10 for was typical for fish over the range 25–35°C of 1.5–2.0. ASR was exhibited by 50% of the fish at pO2 of 15–50 mmHg in a temperature‐dependent fashion. However, the largest adults showed notable ASR only when pO2 fell to below 10 mmHg. Remarkably, pcrit for was 12–17 mmHg at 25–30°C and still only 20–25 mmHg across development at 35°C. These values are among the lowest measured for teleost fishes. Noteworthy is that all fish maintain equilibrium, ventilated their gills and showed routine locomotor action for 10–20 min after ceased at near anoxia and when then returned to oxygenated waters, all fish survived, further indicating a remarkable hypoxic tolerance. Remarkably, data assembled for from >30 studies showed a > x2000 difference, which we attribute to calculation or conversion errors. Nonetheless, pcrit was very low for all Oreochromis sp. and lowest in the heat and hypoxia‐adapted Tabasco line.
Artificial lakes delay the migration of brown trout Salmo trutta smolts: a comparison of migratory behaviour in a stream and through an artificial lake
Authors: Schwinn Michael , Baktoft Henrik , Aarestrup Kim , Koed Anders
Published: March 2019

Juvenile salmonids experience high mortality when negotiating lentic waters during their downstream migration to the sea. The development of artificial lakes and wetlands in streams has become a widely used management tool to reduce nutrient load to coastal areas. Such wetlands may threaten anadromous populations. In this study we quantify net ground speed of downstream migrating brown trout Salmo trutta smolts in equally long stream and lake sections in a Danish lowland stream and artificial lake. This was done by passive integrated transponder telemetry in 2016 and 2017. Mean net ground speed in the stream section was 36.58 and 0.8 km day−1 in the lake section. This decrease of net ground speed through the lake may lead to prolonged exposure to predators and probably contributes to high mortalities threatening anadromous populations.
Association Between Symptom Burden and Physical Function in Older Patients with Cancer
Authors: Pandya Chintan , Magnuson Allison , Flannery Marie , Zittel Jason , Duberstein Paul , Loh Kah Poh , Ramsdale Erika , Gilmore Nikesha , Dale William , Mohile Supriya G.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the independent association between symptom burden and physical function impairment in older adults with cancer.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional.

SETTING

Two university‐based geriatric oncology clinics.

PARTICIPANTS

Patients with cancer aged 65 years or older who underwent evaluation with geriatric assessment (GA).

MEASUREMENTS

Symptom burden was measured as a summary score of severity ratings (range = 0‐10) of 10 commonly reported symptoms using a Clinical Symptom Inventory (CSI). Functional impairment was defined as the presence of one or more impairments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), any significant physical activity limitation on the Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS), one or more recent falls in the previous 6 months, or a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of 9 or less. Multivariate analysis evaluated the association between symptom burden and physical function impairment, adjusting for other clinical and sociodemographic variables.

RESULTS

From 2011 to 2015, 359 patients with cancer and a median age of 81 years (range = 65‐95 y) consented. The mean CSI score was 23.2 ± 20.5 with an observed range of 0 to 90. Patients in the highest quartile of symptom burden (N = 91; CSI score 52 ± 13) had a higher prevalence of IADL impairment (91% vs 51%), physical activity limitation (93% vs 65%), falls (55% vs 21%), and SPPB score of 9 or less (92% vs 69%) (all P values <.01) when compared with those in the bottom quartile (N = 81; CSI score: 2 ± 2). With each unit increase in CSI score, the odds of having IADL impairment, physical activity limitations, falls, and SPPB scores of 9 or less increased by 4.8%, 4.4%, 2.9%, and 2.5%, respectively (P < .05 for all results).

CONCLUSIONS

In older patients with cancer, higher symptom burden is associated with functional impairment. Future studies are warranted to evaluate if improved symptom management can improve function in older cancer patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:998–1004, 2019.