bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypercalcaemia Mimicking STEMI on Electrocardiography
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Jackson Mark
Published: December 2010

Acute coronary syndrome is a common cause of presentation to hospital. ST segment elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is likely to be cardiac in origin, but in low-risk patients other causes must be ruled out. We describe a case of a man with hypercalcaemia, no evidence of cardiac disease, and ECG changes mimicking acute myocardial infarction. These ECG changes resolved after treatment of the hypercalcaemia.
Investigation of RF Signal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Heydari Nasab Soudeh , Asefi Mohammad , Albasha Lutfi , Qaddoumi Naser
Published: December 2010

The potential utilization of RF signals for DC power is experimentally investigated. The aim of the work is to investigate the levels of power that can be harvested from the air and processed to achieve levels of energy that are sufficient to charge up low-power electronic circuits. The work presented shows field measurements from two selected regions: an urbanized hence signal congested area and a less populated one. An RF harvesting system has been specifically designed, built, and shown to successfully pick up enough energy to power up circuits. The work concludes that while RF harvesting was successful under certain conditions, however, it required the support of other energy harvesting techniques to replace a battery. Efficiency considerations have, hence, placed emphasis on comparing the developed harvester to other systems.
Long-Term Isoflurane Therapy for Refractory Bronchospasm Associated with Herpes Simplex Pneumonia in a Heart Transplant Patient
Authors: Hornuss C. , Firsching M. , Dolch M. , Martignoni A. , Peraud A. , Briegel J.
Published: December 2010

A 47-year-old man with a history of heart transplant was admitted after severe traumatic brain injury and seizures. During mechanical ventilation, the patient developed bronchospasm that severely compromised respiratory function that led to cardiac arrest. After resuscitation, application of isoflurane through the Anaesthetic Conserving Device (AnaConDa) in the ICU successfully treated bronchospasm, provided adequate sedation, and enabled appropriate ventilation and diagnostic bronchoscopy. A subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a high amount of Herpes simplex DNA. Herpes simplex pneumonia was diagnosed and treated with acyclovir. Isoflurane treatment was applied for twelve days total without side effects on renal and cerebral function. The patient recovered quickly after the termination of sedation. At discharge, he was fully awake without focal neurological deficiency and his long-term outcome was excellent. This case demonstrates that isoflurane is a treatment option in life-threatening cases of bronchospasm and a safe option for long-term sedation.
Scenarios for Knowledge Integration: Exploring Ecotourism Futures in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bohensky E. L. , Butler J. R. A. , Mitchell D.
Published: December 2010

Scenario planning, a method for structured thinking about the future, offers an important tool for integrating scientific and stakeholder knowledge at different scales to explore alternative natural resource management and policy options. However, actual examples of such integration are rare. A scenario planning exercise was conducted in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, to integrate knowledge among scientists, ecotourism experts, and ecotourism stakeholders to explore possible futures for Milne Bay's nascent ecotourism industry. Four scenarios focused on climate change and technology, highlighting the risks and opportunities associated with rapid information exchange, and options to develop alternative ecotourism activities despite climate change impacts on natural assets. Although ecosystem-based management strategies were not investigated in detail by participants, all scenarios recognized and identified important cross-scale partnerships required to achieve sustainable management of natural resources and to promote ecotourism. An evaluation of changes in perceptions at the beginning and end of the scenario exercise suggests that participants became more aware of social and ecosystem processes occurring at broad spatial and temporal scales.
Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States
Authors: Shenoy Pareen , Maggioncalda Alison , Malik Neha , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: December 2010

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) demonstrates heterogenous histologic findings, clinical presentation, and outcomes. Using the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data we examined relationships between patient characteristics, clinical features at diagnosis, and survival in HL patients. From 2000 to 2007, 16,710 cases were recorded in 17 SEER registries. Blacks and Asians had low incidence (black/white incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.86, ; Asian/white IRR 0.43, ). The bimodal pattern of incidence was less prominent for black males. Asians and Blacks presented at a mean age of 38 years compared to 42 years for Whites (). Race was a predictor for survival with HR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.11–1.28) for Blacks. Age was the most important predictor of survival (HR for patients ≥45 years 5.08, 95% CI 4.86–5.31). These current patterns for presentation and outcomes of HL help to delineate key populations in order to explore risk factors for HL and strategies to improve treatment outcomes.
Asymptotic Properties of Third‐Order Delay Trinomial Differential Equations
Authors: Džurina J. , Komariková R.
Published: December 2010

The aim of this paper is to study properties of the third‐order
delay trinomial differential equation , by transforming this equation onto the second‐/third‐order binomial differential
equation. Using suitable comparison theorems, we establish new results on
asymptotic behavior of solutions of the studied equations. Obtained criteria
improve and generalize earlier ones.
Targeting the p38 MAPK Pathway Inhibits Irinotecan Resistance in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Paillas Salomé , Boissière Florence , Bibeau Fréderic , Denouel Amélie , Mollevi Caroline , Causse Annick , Denis Vincent , Vezzio-Vié Nadia , Marzi Laetitia , Cortijo Cédric , Ait-Arsa Imade , Askari Nadav , Pourquier Philippe , Martineau Pierre , Del Rio Maguy , Gongora Céline
Published: December 2010

Despite recent advances in the treatment of colon cancer, tumor resistance is a frequent cause of chemotherapy failure. To better elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to irinotecan (and its active metabolite SN38), we established SN38-resistant clones derived from HCT-116 and SW48 cell lines. These clones show various levels (6- to 60-fold) of resistance to SN-38 and display enhanced levels of activated MAPK p38 as compared with the corresponding parental cells. Because four different isoforms of p38 have been described, we then studied the effect of p38 overexpression or downregulation of each isoform on cell sensivity to SN38 and found that both α and β isoforms are involved in the development of resistance to SN38. In this line, we show that cell treatment with SB202190, which inhibits p38α and p38β, enhanced the cytotoxic activity of SN38. Moreover, p38 inhibition sensitized tumor cells derived from both SN38-sensitive and -resistant HCT116 cells to irinotecan treatment in xenograft models. Finally, we detected less phosphorylated p38 in primary colon cancer of patients sensitive to irinotecan-based treatment, compared with nonresponder patients. This indicates that enhanced level of phosphorylated p38 could predict the absence of clinical response to irinotecan. Altogether, our results show that the p38 MAPK pathway is involved in irinotecan sensitivity and suggest that phosphorylated p38 expression level could be used as a marker of clinical resistance to irinotecan. They further suggest that targeting the p38 pathway may be a potential strategy to overcome resistance to irinotecan-based chemotherapies in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 71(3); 1041–9. ©2010 AACR.
Targeting Wnt Signaling in Colon Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: de Sousa E. Melo Felipe , Vermeulen Louis , Richel Dick , Medema Jan Paul
Published: December 2010

The identification of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in virtually all tumor types has widespread clinical consequences. CSCs are suggested to be the only cells within malignancies endowed with tumorigenic capacity and are, therefore, directly implicated in therapy resistance and minimal residual disease. The genetic and molecular mechanisms sustaining CSCs are only currently emerging. For instance, aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for many cancer types and especially those of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, Wnt signaling activity was shown to designate colon CSCs and is, therefore, an attractive target for new therapeutics. Here, we review some of the latest developments that have been achieved to inhibit the Wnt pathway in the context of colon CSCs. Moreover, we discuss some of the pitfalls that can be anticipated and present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 647–53. ©2010 AACR.
A Gut Feeling on Endotoxemia: Causes and Consequences in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hauser Aline B. , Stinghen Andréa E.M. , Gonçalves Simone M. , Bucharles Sergio , Pecoits-Filho Roberto
Published: December 2010

Chronic inflammation is closely linked to several complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as vascular calcification, accelerated atherosclerosis, loss of appetite, insulin resistance, increased muscle catabolism and anemia. As a consequence, inflammation is a predictor of mortality in this group of patients. Specific causes of the activation of the immune system in CKD are largely unknown. Endotoxin (ET) release to the circulation represents a potentially important target for interventions aiming to reduce mortality in CKD patients. In this minireview, we propose that there are several potential sources of endotoxemia in CKD and that gut translocation, leading to the generation of ligands of the innate immune response, represents a potentially reversible cause. Prevention of endotoxemia, through treating foci of ET (periodontal disease, catheters, vascular access) or reducing translocation from the gut, will potentially reduce the inflammatory response.
Trauma Infant Neurologic Score Predicts the Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants
Authors: Yi Wei , Liu Renzhong , Chen Jian , Tao Shengzhong , Humphrey Okechi , Bergenheim A. Tommy
Published: December 2010

To investigate the clinical features of infancy traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the prognostic value of the Trauma Infant Neurologic Score (TINS), infants <2 years of age with TBI who were admitted from 2000 to 2007 were retrospectively studied. Fifty-six patients with a mean age of 13.3 ± 6.5 months (range = 2–24) were identified. The clinical diagnoses, in terms of the severest injury, included scalp hematomas (n = 2), skull bone fractures (n = 3), epidural hematomas (n = 21), subdural hematomas (n = 14), cerebral contusion and laceration (n = 4), intracerebral hematomas (n = 7), traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 2), diffuse axonal injury (n = 2) and diffuse brain swelling (n = 1). The most common clinical presentations were vomiting (66.1%), paleness (55.4%), irritability (37.3%), pupillary abnormalities (35.7%) and altered consciousness (32.1%). The mechanism of injury included falls (n = 41), vehicle accident (n = 9), abuse (n = 4) and unknown (n = 2). The TINS score ranged from 1 to 10 with a mean of 3.6 (SD = 2.4) in the whole patient cohort. The Children’s Coma Scores (CCS) on admission were 13–15 (n = 31), 9–12 (n = 7) and 3–8 (n = 18). Thirty-nine of the infants were operated on and the other 17 infants were treated nonsurgically. Forty-eight patients (86%) were followed up for a period of 1–8 years (mean = 4.4) after discharge. In the followed-up patient cohort, the mean TINS score at admission was 3.8 ± 2.5. The total clinical outcome, according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), was: 37 (77.1%) good recovery, 4 (8.3%) moderately disabled, 1 (2.1%) vegetative and 6 (12.5%) dead. For those who were operated on the outcome was: 25 (78.1%) good recovery, 4 (12.5%) moderately disabled and 3 (9.4%) dead, and for those who were not operated on: 12 (75.0%) good recovery, 1 (6.3%) vegetative and 3 (25.0%) dead. At two years of follow-up, the GOS included 34 (73.9%) good recovery, 3 (6.5%) moderately disabled, 2 (4.3%) severely disabled, 1 (2.2%) vegetative and 6 (13.0%) dead. Statistical tests revealed that the TINS scores were highly associated with the GOS. Higher TINS scores resulted in worse clinical outcome. The CCS scores were also to some degree associated with the GOS score. However, the CCS score on admission was not as discriminating as TINS, predicting only the best and worst outcome in our series. Our study showed that the clinical features of TBI in infants were different from those seen in adults regarding both the distribution of the pathology type and the clinical presenting symptoms. We found that the TINS scoring system is useful for predicting prognosis and outcome in infancy TBI and suggest that it could be routinely used in the infantile population.
Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Age at Disease Onset in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: McDowell Tzu-Yun , Amr Sania , Culpepper William J. , Langenberg Patricia , Royal Walter , Bever Christopher , Bradham Douglas D.
Published: December 2010

Background: Current evidence suggests that sun exposure and vitamin D intake, during childhood and adolescence, are associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of these environmental agents in the timing of disease symptom onset remains to be investigated. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited participants from the Veterans Health Administration – Multiple Sclerosis Surveillance Registry. Self-reported histories of residential locations, sun exposure and intake of vitamin D were used to estimate vitamin-D-related exposures. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between these variables and age at MS onset. Results: Among veterans with relapsing MS who resided in low-to-medium solar radiation areas (n = 540), low sun exposure in the fall/winter during the ages of 6–15 years was significantly associated with earlier symptom onset by 2.1 years (p = 0.02). Intake of cod liver oil during the same age period was associated with later onset of MS symptoms by 4 years (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The current study provides evidence for an association between vitamin-D-related exposures during childhood and early adolescence and the timing of MS symptom onset, and supports vitamin D as a potential modulator of the clinical course of this disease.
Bounding the Bias of Contrastive Divergence Learning
Authors: Fischer Asja , Igel Christian
Published: December 2010

Optimization based on k-step contrastive divergence (CD) has become a common way to train restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). The k-step CD is a biased estimator of the log-likelihood gradient relying on Gibbs sampling. We derive a new upper bound for this bias. Its magnitude depends on k, the number of variables in the RBM, and the maximum change in energy that can be produced by changing a single variable. The last reflects the dependence on the absolute values of the RBM parameters. The magnitude of the bias is also affected by the distance in variation between the modeled distribution and the starting distribution of the Gibbs chain.
Learning a Generative Model of Images by Factoring Appearance and Shape
Authors: Le Roux Nicolas , Heess Nicolas , Shotton Jamie , Winn John
Published: December 2010

Computer vision has grown tremendously in the past two decades. Despite all efforts, existing attempts at matching parts of the human visual system's extraordinary ability to understand visual scenes lack either scope or power. By combining the advantages of general low-level generative models and powerful layer-based and hierarchical models, this work aims at being a first step toward richer, more flexible models of images. After comparing various types of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) able to model continuous-valued data, we introduce our basic model, the masked RBM, which explicitly models occlusion boundaries in image patches by factoring the appearance of any patch region from its shape. We then propose a generative model of larger images using a field of such RBMs. Finally, we discuss how masked RBMs could be stacked to form a deep model able to generate more complicated structures and suitable for various tasks such as segmentation or object recognition.
Intracellular Dynamics of Virtual Place Cells
Authors: Romani Sandro , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Tsodyks Misha
Published: December 2010

The pattern of spikes recorded from place cells in the rodent hippocampus is strongly modulated by both the spatial location in the environment and the theta rhythm. The phases of the spikes in the theta cycle advance during movement through the place field. Recently intracellular recordings from hippocampal neurons (Harvey, Collman, Dombeck, & Tank, 2009 ) showed an increase in the amplitude of membrane potential oscillations inside the place field, which was interpreted as evidence that an intracellular mechanism caused phase precession. Here we show that an existing network model of the hippocampus (Tsodyks, Skaggs, Sejnowski, & McNaughton, 1996 ) can equally reproduce this and other aspects of the intracellular recordings, which suggests that new experiments are needed to distinguish the contributions of intracellular and network mechanisms to phase precession.
Judging the Child’s Best Interests
Authors: Skivenes Marit
Published: December 2010

Using a sociological theory of rational argumentation as its point of departure, this article discusses the ‘best interests of the child’ as a guiding principle when decisions are made. Application of this principle has been criticized for weakening the legal protection of children and parents and resulting in arbitrary and subjective decisions. The criteria for rational decision-making are outlined and three cases of enforced adoption are analysed in an effort to understand how the Norwegian highest appellate court comes to a decision in the best interests of the child. The findings show that two of the three decisions do not meet the standards of rational argumentation, suggesting that decisions are instead based on the judges’ subjective preferences. This finding is problematic from a democratic point of view and indicates that decisions and interventions are neither rational nor legitimate.
Employment Inequalities Through Busts and Booms
Authors: van der Wel Kjetil A. , Dahl Espen , Birkelund Gunn Elisabeth
Published: December 2010

In this article, we study trends in employment by education and longstanding illness (LSI), and discuss whether the findings are compatible with business cycle fluctuations or postindustrial labour market developments. Our analyses are based on data on the working age population (aged 25—66 years) from the Norwegian Survey of Living Conditions (1980—2005). We find increasing differences in employment between those reporting LSI and those who do not, while gender differences are getting smaller. Interaction terms from logistic regression analyses between time and LSI and time and education indicate that people with lower education and those reporting LSI are more often found outside the labour market over time. While the 1980s recession did not have much impact on employment inequalities, the more severe 1990s recession coincided with widening employment inequalities by education and health. Periods of economic recovery did not lessen these inequalities. The study concludes that health and educational inequalities in employment have been rising in Norway since 1980. As business cycle changes alone could not account for the development, elements of the postindustrial labour market are discussed and considered.
A Messiah from the Dead: Cultural Performance in Lubavitcher Messianism
Authors: Dein Simon
Published: December 2010

The scholarly literature on millennialism commonly employs Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance to understand how groups deal with failed prophecy. For many years Lubavitcher Hasidim held that their spiritual leader, Menachem Schneerson—the Lubavitcher Rebbe—was the Jewish Messiah and that he would reveal himself as such, ushering in the redemption. He died, however, in 1994 without fulfilling his followers’ messianic expectations. The author presents recent ethnographic data from fieldwork among Lubavitcher Hasidim illustrating the role of ritualistic performances and modern communication media (television, radio and the internet) in maintaining a sense of the Rebbe’s continuing presence. This ritualised reaffirmation of belief—a collective experience of symbolic fulfilment—provides disappointed followers with social and psychological support to render such an experience less cognitively distressing.
A fast fashion safety-first inventory model
Authors: Tsan Ming Choi  , Chun Hung Chiu  , To Kin Man Chester
Published: December 2010

In the industry of textiles and clothing, fast fashion is a trend. More and more fashion retailers are following the steps of the renowned brands, such as H&M and Zara, in having more frequent changes of styles every season and keeping a low inventory level. In this paper, we analytically explore this phenomenon in a supply chain with the safety-first objective. According to the Bienaymé—Tchebysheff inequality theory, it is known that maximizing the safety-first objective is equivalent to minimizing the chance of making a profit lower than a target profit threshold. Accordingly, and with reference to the fast fashion system, we mathematically derived the optimal retailer’s inventory policy. We found that the optimal policy was consistent with that which was applied in the case of fast fashion. Data sets from a fast fashion retailer were collected for further analysis. Extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted and the implications are discussed.
Vestiges of Desegregation: Superintendent Perspectives on Educational Inequality and (Dis)Integration in the Post–Civil Rights Era
Authors: Horsford Sonya Douglass
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this article is to extend the growing counternarrative in education research concerning the negative consequences of school desegregation and its implications for urban education, educational leadership, and policy reform in the post—Civil Rights Era. Guided by qualitative and historical research methods, this article presents the perspectives of eight retired Black school superintendents concerning the goal of integration during the civil rights movement and its disintegration in contemporary urban contexts. Findings reveal that despite desegregation efforts, schools and school systems have never truly integrated and now face a 21st-century brand of educational inequality, what I describe in this article as vestiges of desegregation, which further undermine the educational opportunities and experiences of those students school desegregation efforts were arguably intended to serve.
Revising Irish history: The Northern Ireland conflict and the war of ideas
Authors: Perry Robert
Published: December 2010

Power-sharing government resumed in Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007 after a historic agreement was reached between the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein. Unionist Ian Paisley became First Minister and Sinn Fein’s Martin McGuinness, former Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), became Deputy First Minister. The Provisional Republican movement has signed up to the decommissioning of weapons and policing in Northern Ireland; and hard-line Unionism has signed up to power-sharing and cross-border bodies. For the vast majority in Northern Ireland the conflict is over after almost a century of political turmoil and more than a generation of violent conflict.

It is fitting, therefore, to examine the ‘war of ideas’ in the revisionist controversy that dominated Irish historiography throughout the period of this conflict. The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of this controversy. The writing on the Easter Rising of 1916 serves to illuminate the discussion and will aid in answering the issue of what the revisionist controversy is all about.

In this article revisionism is defined as a re-examination of the ideological roots of current orthodoxy in response to the contemporary conflict in Northern Ireland. The article looks at how a variety of historians have reacted to this violent crisis, and how they concluded that revisionism was necessary: that is, how the deconstruction and re-evaluation of ideology and a new interpretation of history are crucial in understanding such crises of violence (and perhaps thereby defusing the tension). The article examines the nature and extent of this revisionist intellectual response. It recognizes that even though intellectuals are influenced by political conflicts, they do not necessarily follow political agendas.
Hungarian writers in transition to democracy: Budapest diary, December 1990
Authors: Tighe Carl
Published: December 2010

In the spring of 1989 Carl Tighe applied to the British Council Specialist Tours Department for a research grant to go to Hungary to talk with writers about their work and their relationship to the state. By the time the tour happened in December 1990, communism had collapsed, the map of Europe had changed massively and the theme of the research was irrelevant. Instead of cancelling the visit he used it to talk to writers about the change to democracy and how it affected them. He heard writers debate the urgent need to re-think the Hungarian national identity, saw them abandon writing and leap into the new politics, and witnessed the sudden re-emergence of anti-Semitism and anti-Gypsy feeling as serious political strategies. Here he recounts his visit and draws attention to the development of these elements, in particular the growth of the radical nationalist party, Jobbik, and events during the 2009 European elections in Hungary.
Gnostically Queer: Gender Trouble in Gnosticism
Authors: Cahana Jonathan
Published: December 2010

This article analyzes the peculiar and challenging “queer” views on gender and sexuality evinced in ancient Christian Gnosticism. It proceeds with a close and careful reading of the texts while employing modern queer theory for their elucidation, notably Judith Butler’s performative understanding of gender. Evidence is adduced for the gnostic attempt to subvert gender and gendering and the rationale behind this endeavor is spelled out. Throughout the article parallels are drawn between ancient Gnosticism and some modern attempts to create queer selves and queer “Bibles,” and preliminary insights stemming from these comparisons are offered.
Diaspora: A Passage to Mission
Authors: Harvey Thomas Alan
Published: December 2010

This paper looks at some of the missiological implications of the history, presence and ministry of diaspora Christians in Singapore and Malaysia in the 19th and early 20th century. More particularly, it considers how their lives and legacy tied together Europe, China and Southeast Asia in mission. It suggests that the global movement of people, ideas and faith is not new, but has ridden the waves of globalization for centuries if not millennia.
Lost in translation: Why civic online efforts in Britain have failed to engage young women from low socioeconomic backgrounds
Authors: Geniets Anne
Published: December 2010

Politicians, academia and media are concerned about young people’s apparent disengagement from institutional politics. To address this malaise, politicians have invited young citizens to join the public sphere through civic websites — with mixed results. Among young people in Britain, young women from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are among the least politically engaged. They use new media differently than other groups of young people. This article addresses the responses of these young women to public sector, Internet-based content, and analyses their media use and political participation. It reveals a communicative disjunction between politicians and the young women. The findings suggest that current public sector civic website approaches aimed at young people in general are ineffective in reaching these young women. It is concluded that four factors need to be considered if aiming at creating a public environment that is conducive to voluntary participation and the contribution of these young women. These factors are: (1) technology; (2) public representation; (3) education; (4) media genres and language.
Power of the pen
Authors: Seymour-Jones Carole
Published: December 2010

Carole Seymour-Jones celebrates the achievements of 50 years of fighting for authors’ freedoms and explains why there is so much more work to be done
Blogging dangerously
Authors: Deibert Ron
Published: December 2010

The next generation of censorship is in full force. Ron Deibert reports on new tactics and argues that only a global movement can protect free speech online
Predictors of Outcome After Nonoperative and Operative Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Rill Brian K. , Fleckenstein Cassie M. , Levy Martin S. , Nagesh Vinutha , Hasan Samer S.
Published: December 2010

Background: Few studies regarding adhesive capsulitis have concurrently evaluated nonoperative and operative treatment.

Purpose: The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of operative and nonoperative treatment of adhesive capsulitis and to determine predictors of clinical outcome.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: At minimum 24 months’ follow-up, 85 patients underwent self-assessment using the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, including 24 patients treated operatively.

Results: Mean number of yes responses on the SST improved from 4.0 ± 2.7 at initial presentation to 9.9 ± 2.8 at final follow-up ( P < .0001). Patients who received nonoperative treatment and patients who underwent surgery demonstrated similar improvements on the SST. For the entire cohort, forward elevation and external rotation at the side improved from 119° ± 20° to 152° ± 15° and from 29° ± 18° to 46° ± 11° ( P < .0001), respectively, between initial presentation and discharge from treatment. Internal rotation to the back improved from the gluteal area to the thoracolumbar junction ( P < .0001). Improvements in forward elevation and external rotation were greater for patients undergoing surgery. After nonoperative treatment, patients with diabetes had a lower final SST than patients without diabetes ( P < .05). For the entire cohort, initial SST predicted final SST ( P < .05), and a shorter duration of symptoms predicted a higher final ASES score ( P < .05). Younger patients ( P < .001) and those with a lower initial SST ( P < .05) were more likely to undergo surgery.

Conclusions: A multimodal nonoperative treatment program is effective for most patients with adhesive capsulitis. Patients who do not improve, including those with diabetes, respond well to manipulation and arthroscopic release. Residual motion deficits at discharge from treatment do not appear to affect longer-term clinical outcome.
Assessment of Congruence and Impingement of the Hip Joint in Professional Ballet Dancers
Authors: Charbonnier Caecilia , Kolo Frank C. , Duthon Victoria B. , Magnenat-Thalmann Nadia , Becker Christoph D. , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Menetrey Jacques
Published: December 2010

Background: Early hip osteoarthritis in dancers could be explained by femoroacetabular impingements. However, there is a lack of validated noninvasive methods and dynamic studies to ascertain impingement during motion. Moreover, it is unknown whether the femoral head and acetabulum are congruent in typical dancing positions.

Hypothesis: The practice of some dancing movements could cause a loss of hip joint congruence and recurrent impingements, which could lead to early osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods: Eleven pairs of female dancer’s hips were motion captured with an optical tracking system while performing 6 different dancing movements. The resulting computed motions were applied to patient-specific hip joint 3-dimensional models based on magnetic resonance images. While visualizing the dancer’s hip in motion, the authors detected impingements using computer-assisted techniques. The range of motion and congruence of the hip joint were also quantified in those 6 recorded dancing movements.

Results: The frequency of impingement and subluxation varied with the type of movement. Four dancing movements (développé à la seconde, grand écart facial, grand écart latéral, and grand plié) seem to induce significant stress in the hip joint, according to the observed high frequency of impingement and amount of subluxation. The femoroacetabular translations were high (range, 0.93 to 6.35 mm). For almost all movements, the computed zones of impingement were mainly located in the superior or posterosuperior quadrant of the acetabulum, which was relevant with respect to radiologically diagnosed damaged zones in the labrum. All dancers’ hips were morphologically normal.

Conclusion: Impingements and subluxations are frequently observed in typical ballet movements, causing cartilage hypercompression. These movements should be limited in frequency.

Clinical Relevance: The present study indicates that some dancing movements could damage the hip joint, which could lead to early osteoarthritis.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Augmentation for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Castricini Roberto , Longo Umile Giuseppe , De Benedetto Massimo , Panfoli Nicola , Pirani Piergiorgio , Zini Raul , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: December 2010

Background: After reinsertion on the humerus, the rotator cuff has limited ability to heal. Growth factor augmentation has been proposed to enhance healing in such procedure.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of growth factor augmentation during rotator cuff repair.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with a rotator cuff tear were randomly assigned by a computer-generated sequence to receive arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without (n = 45) or with (n = 43) augmentation with autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM). The primary end point was the postoperative difference in the Constant score between the 2 groups. The secondary end point was the integrity of the repaired rotator cuff, as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results: All the patients completed follow-up at 16 months. There was no statistically significant difference in total Constant score when comparing the results of arthroscopic repair of the 2 groups (95% confidence interval, −3.43 to 3.9) ( P = .44). There was no statistically significant difference in magnetic resonance imaging tendon score when comparing arthroscopic repair with or without PRFM ( P = .07).

Conclusion: Our study does not support the use of autologous PRFM for augmentation of a double-row repair of a small or medium rotator cuff tear to improve the healing of the rotator cuff. Our results are applicable to small and medium rotator cuff tears; it is possible that PRFM may be beneficial for large and massive rotator cuff tears. Also, given the heterogeneity of PRFM preparation products available on the market, it is possible that other preparations may be more effective.
Building Better Caregivers
Authors: Lorig Kate , Thompson-Gallagher Dolores , Traylor Laural , Ritter Philip L. , Laurent Diana D. , Plant Kathryn , Thompson Larry W. , Hahn Theodore J.
Published: December 2010

An aging population and wartime injuries has led to a growing population needing caregivers. This article evaluates a pilot study of an Internet-based, skills-enhancement workshop developed for the United States Department of Veteran Affairs. Sixty caregivers are enrolled. Either the caregivers or people being cared for are Veterans living in California, Southern Nevada, or Hawaii. Measures include health indicators, health behaviors, and health care utilization. Baseline measures are compared to the same measures at 3 months using paired t tests. Participation in the program is examined, including number of sessions and number of posts. Caregivers show significant reductions in caregiver burden, depression, pain, and stress. Caregiver self-efficacy and two exercise measures show improvement. The care partners’ overall health show improvement (p<.05). The program successfully reaches rural residents, and participation is high. The Building Better Caregivers program is acceptable to caregivers, whose health, emotional health, and health behaviors show improvement. Caregivers successfully participate in the program.
The Role of Discriminatory Experiences on Hispanic Students’ College Choice Decisions
Authors: Taggart Amanda , Crisp Gloria
Published: December 2010

This study examined the impact of discriminatory experiences on Hispanic students’ decisions concerning postsecondary enrollment. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with Hispanic students’ decisions to attend either a 2- or a 4-year institution within the context of theory concerning college choice/success. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample ( n = 2,210) of Hispanic students from the ELS:2002 data set. Results indicated that Hispanic students were less likely to attend a 4-year institution if they personally experienced or perceived others being discriminated against during high school. Findings suggest that discriminatory high school experiences may contribute to “tracking” Hispanic students to the community college level.
Chinese Undergraduate Students’ Work Values: The Role of Parental Work Experience and Part-Time Work Quality
Authors: Cheung Francis Yue-lok , Tang Catherine So-kum
Published: December 2010

In this study, the authors investigated the association of perceived parental job insecurity and students’ part-time work quality on work values among 341 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduate students. Correlation and regression results showed that work values were strongly related to students’ part-time work satisfaction and work quality. In particular, regression analyses showed that high job satisfaction and low role conflict in the part-time job were significantly related to high motivation to do good work but low work cynicism, even after demographic information was considered. Layoff of the mother was also found to relate to work cynicism. The importance of student career counseling and organizational practice was discussed.
Defining Profiles of Functional Limitations in Groups of Older Persons: How and Why?
Authors: Slaug Björn , Schilling Oliver , Iwarsson Susanne , Carlsson Gunilla
Published: December 2010

Objective: Addressing the complexity of multiple health problems in the older population, the objective was to identify combinations of functional limitations for use in simulation analysis, to enable predictions of the potentially most severe person—environment fit (i.e., accessibility) problems among groups of older persons. Method: Utilizing data from 1,542 persons aged 75 to 89 years and applying Configuration Frequency Analysis, we tested which combinations of functional limitations that occurred more or less often than expected. Significant combinations were defined as type profiles and used in simulated accessibility analyses. Results: Eleven combinations occurred more often and eight less often than expected ( p < .05). Simulations with ten type profiles predicted varied patterns of accessibility problems. Conclusion: The use of type profiles has potential to contribute to the knowledge of combinations of functional limitations among groups of older persons. Variation in predicted accessibility problems for different type profiles helps identifying priorities in societal planning.
Conceptual Issues in Services Offshoring Research: A Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Bunyaratavej Kraiwinee , Doh Jonathan , Hahn Eugene D. , Lewin Arie Y. , Massini Silvia
Published: December 2010

Offshoring has emerged as an important economic and social phenomenon that has generated intense interest from practitioners, the popular media, and policy makers. In addition, there is a nascent but rich research literature on offshoring developing in management, international business (IB), and related fields. In this review, we survey and integrate offshoring literature from several disciplines and draw implications of this review for management and IB research. We conclude that offshoring may challenge some aspects of established management and IB theory or require revision and/ or modification of those theories. We adopt a multilevel coevolutionary perspective as one potential integrative approach to offshoring research and identify important future areas for further enrichment of this emerging area.
Bad Apples or Bad Barrels: An Examination of Group- and Organizational-Level Effects in the Study of Counterproductive Work Behavior
Authors: O'Boyle Ernest H. , Forsyth Donelson R. , O'Boyle Allison S.
Published: December 2010

Research on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) has largely focused on the individual traits and perceptions that enhance or decrease CWB. Although useful, we propose that a multilevel perspective offers greater insight into CWB antecedents and outcomes by acknowledging the nested nature of the individual within the work group. We review the CWB literature and propose a testable multilevel model that incorporates individual, group, and organizational antecedents of CWB. We conclude with recommendations on alternative techniques to measuring individual CWB and its higher order antecedents.
Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Limb: No Difference in Duration of Symptoms Between Proximal and Distal Disease
Authors: Labruto F. , Westerberg M. , Magnusson M.
Published: December 2010

In deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, the location of the thrombosis determines how great the risk of pulmonary embolism is. We set out to determine whether the duration of lower limb DVT symptoms could be a predictive factor for the location of the thrombosis. We retrospectively collected a series of 100 lower limb phlebography examinations that were positive for DVT and divided the group into 2 subgroups proximal disease (ie, above the knee) or distal disease (ie, below the knee). The subgroups were then plotted against the individual duration of the symptoms. Of the 100 DVTs, 58% were proximal, while 42% were distal. The average duration of the symptoms was 6.3 days for patients with proximal disease and 6.2 days for patients with distal disease. We, therefore, found no difference in symptom duration between patients with proximal and distal lower limb DVT. This may imply that the duration of the DVT symptoms does not represent a predictive factor for DVT-caused pulmonary embolism.
Upregulation of Surrogate Markers of Inflammation and Thrombogenesis in Patients With ESRD: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Nelson Kelly , Thethi Indermohan , Cunanan Josephine , Hoppensteadt Debra , Bajwa Randeep , Fareed Jawed , Bansal Vinod
Published: December 2010

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing regular hemodialysis have high annual mortality rate of around 15%. The most predominant cause of death is cardiovascular, which is not entirely explainable with conventional cardiac risk factors present in these patients. It has been postulated that ESRD is a chronic inflammatory and hypercoagulable condition with marked elevation of several markers that may explain this high mortality. In the current study, patients with ESRD on a stable regimen of hemodialysis were studied for the inflammatory and thrombogenesis markers to explain this phenomenon. The parameters studied were of thrombogenesis—thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), prothrombin fragment (F1.2), D-dimer, and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and inflammation—CD40 ligand, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and nitric oxide (NO), and compared to control group comprised of 100 healthy volunteers. Our study shows that ESRD patients exhibit activation of the coagulation and inflammatory processes.
New and Generic Anticoagulants and Biosimilars: Safety Considerations
Authors: Kalodiki Evi , Fareed Jawed
Published: December 2010

The recent health care changes and approval of a generic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) merit a review of the facts regarding the new and generic anticoagulants. Fatal hypotension from anaphylactoid type reactions following heparin administration was responsible for more than 149 deaths all over the world. Researchers detected a heparin-like semisynthetic contaminant, over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), that appeared to be intentional. Low-molecular-weight heparins are produced using unfractionated heparin and OSCS has been found in various batches of LMWHs. Some newer anticoagulants are claiming to be free from the need to monitor for therapeutic effect and bleeding risk. Therefore, monitoring assays are not being developed and there is no antidote to reverse bleeding. In addition, there are concerns about reproducibility, product variation, and quality. In conclusion, although the generic LMWHs and newer anticoagulants may appear to be effective for qualified indications, their safety remains to be a concern.
A Dialogue on Space and Method in Qualitative Research on Education
Authors: Gildersleeve Ryan Evely , Kuntz Aaron M.
Published: December 2010

In this article, the authors critically examine the use of space in education research and illustrate how spatial analyses of education reframe persistent educational problems in productive, actionable ways. The authors juxtapose critical spatial analyses with traditional temporal analyses. The authors approach the knowledge-construction process in dialogue, emphasizing the spatial identity-markers of the historical moments and social spaces within/through which they investigate these ideas. The authors problematize traditional temporal notions of education research and illustrate how educational problems and research practices might be reconceptualized through a dialogic process. Cumulatively, the authors hope that their dialogue will promote understanding of how space matters in education research through dialogic knowledge construction.
Final Amended Safety Assessment of Hydroquinone as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Andersen F. Alan , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W.
Published: December 2010

Hydroquinone is an aromatic compound that functions in cosmetics as an antioxidant, fragrance, reducing agent, or polymerization inhibitor. Hydroquinone is also used as a skin bleaching agent. Safety and toxicity information indicate that hydroquinone is dermally absorbed in humans from both aqueous and alcoholic formulations and is excreted mainly as the glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Hydroquinone is associated with altered immune function in vitro and in vivo in animals and an increased incidence of renal tubule cell tumors and leukemia in F344 rats, but the relevance to humans is uncertain. Quantitatively, however, the use of hydroquinone in cosmetics is unlikely to result in renal neoplasia through this mode of action. Thus, hydroquinone is safe at concentrations of ≤1% in hair dyes and is safe for use in nail adhesives. Hydroquinone should not be used in other leave-on cosmetics.