bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring bias in platelet P2Y1 signalling: Host defence versus haemostasis
Authors: Pan Dingxin , Ladds Graham , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Pitchford Simon C.
Published: July 2023

Platelets are necessary for maintaining haemostasis. Separately, platelets are important for the propagation of inflammation during the host immune response against infection. The activation of platelets also causes inappropriate inflammation in various disease pathologies, often in the absence of changes to haemostasis. The separate functions of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis are therefore varied and this will be reflected in distinct pathways of activation. The activation of platelets by the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) acting on P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors is important for the development of platelet thrombi during haemostasis. However, P2Y1 stimulation of platelets is also important during the inflammatory response and paradoxically in scenarios where no changes to haemostasis and platelet aggregation occur. In these events, Rho‐GTPase signalling, rather than the canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signalling pathway, is necessary. We describe our current understanding of these differences, reflecting on recent advances in knowledge of P2Y1 structure, and the possibility of biased agonism occurring from activation via other endogenous nucleotides compared with ADP. Knowledge arising from these different pathways of P2Y1 stimulation of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis may help therapeutic control of platelet function during inflammation or infection, while preserving essential haemostasis.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non‐thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc
‘Vulnerable and abandoned’—The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on education, health and social care provision for children with SEND: Children and parents' perspectives
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Bray Lucy , Alghrani Amel , Kirkby Joanna
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to understand children with special educational needs and disabilities' (SEND) and their parents/carers' experiences of the pandemic in the UK, using mixed‐method surveys (n = 893 parents, 55 children) and qualitative interviews (n = 10 parents, 4 children). Descriptive statistical analyses and thematic analysis were utilised. Findings suggest that the needs and rights of children with SEND were not given due consideration during the pandemic, resulting in a decline in mental health, and their social, emotional, academic and physical development. Restrictions were reported as compounding and exacerbating the existing challenges faced by children with SEND in gaining equitable access to services.
Adipose tissue‐derived FABP4 mediates glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production in gestational diabetes
Authors: Ron Idit , Mdah Ragad , Zemet Roni , Ulman Rakefet Yoeli , Rathaus Moran , Brandt Benny , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Hemi Rina , Barhod Ehud , Tirosh Amir
Published: July 2023

Aims

One of the most common complications of pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which may result in significant health threats of the mother, fetus and the newborn. Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that regulates glucose homeostasis by promoting glucose production and liver insulin resistance in mouse models. FABP4 levels are increased in GDM and correlates with maternal indices of insulin resistance, with a rapid decline post‐partum. We therefore aimed to determine the tissue origin of elevated circulating FABP4 levels in GDM and to assess its potential contribution in promoting glucagon‐induced hepatic glucose production.

Materials and Methods

FABP4 protein and gene expression was determined in biopsies from placenta, subcutaneous (sWAT) and visceral (vWAT) white adipose tissues from GDM and normoglycaemic pregnant women. FABP4 differential contribution in glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production was tested in conditioned media before and after its immune clearance.

Results

We showed that FABP4 is expressed in placenta, sWAT and vWAT of pregnant women at term, with a significant increase in its secretion from vWAT of women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic pregnant women. Neutralizing FABP4 from both normoglycaemic pregnant women and GDM vWAT secretome, resulted in a decrease in glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the role of adipose tissue‐derived FABP4 in GDM, highlighting this adipokine, as a potential co‐activator of glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production during pregnancy.
Misuse of multinomial logistic regression in stroke related health research: A systematic review of methodology
Authors: Fitzhugh Nicholas , Rasmussen Line Ryberg , Simoni Amalie Helme , Valentin Jan Brink
Published: July 2023

Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) is often used to model the association between a nominal outcome variable and one or more covariates. The results of MLR are interpreted as relative risk ratios (RRR) and warrant a more coherent interpretation than ordinary logistic regression. Some authors compare the results of MLR to ordinal logistic regression (OLR), irrespective of the fact that these estimate different quantities. We aim to investigate the time trends in the use and misuse of MLR in studies including stroke patients, specifically the extent to which (1) the results are denoted as anything other than RRR, (2) comparisons are made of results with results of OLR and (3) results have been interpreted coherently. Secondarily, we examine the use of model validation techniques in studies with predictive aims. We searched EMBASE and PubMed for articles using MLR on populations of stroke patients. Identified studies were screened, and information pertaining to our aims was extracted. A total of 285 articles were identified through a systematic literature search, and 68 of these were included in the review. Of these, 60 articles (88%) did not denote exponentiated coefficients of MLR as relative risk ratios but rather some other measure. Additionally, 63 articles (93%) interpreted the results of MLR in a non‐coherent manner. Two articles attempted to compare MLR results with those of OLR. Nine studies attempted to use MLR for predictive means, and three used relevant validation techniques. From these findings, it is clear that the interpretation of MLR is often suboptimal.
Basic equality: A Hegelian resolution
Authors: Thakkar Jonny
Published: July 2023

Contemporary political philosophers often take for granted that for political purposes all humans are to be considered of equal worth. The difficulty, as Bernard Williams observed, is to find an interpretation of this claim that does not collapse into absurdity or triviality. I show that the principal attempts to solve this problem all beg the question against an Aristotelian proponent of natural hierarchy. I then explore existing proposals for dissolving the problem of basic equality, whether by denying the need for justification altogether or by reframing justification in either ostensive or coherentist fashion, showing that each fails to account for our sense that basic equality is objectively true. In response, I outline a Hegelian approach that treats the commitment to basic equality as a social fact that constrains philosophical reasoning in contemporary liberal democracies. By itself that might suggest complacent conservatism or cultural relativism, but I argue that practices and institutions that reflect and foster a commitment to basic equality have a distinct value in permitting reciprocal recognition and thereby enabling us to make a distinct class of normative claims on one another. This Hegelian resolution of the problem is dialectically superior to its rivals and therefore warrants further development.
The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV‐irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models
Authors: Šínová Romana , Pavlík Vojtěch , Šimek Matěj , Čepa Martin , Ondrej Martin , Nešporová Kristina , Velebný Vladimír
Published: July 2023

Exposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV‐induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV‐related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT‐PCR, confocal microscopy and LC–MS/MS we compared the naturally sun‐exposed (SE), sun‐protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB‐exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV‐irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
Resolving the influence of lignin on soil organic matter decomposition with mechanistic models and continental‐scale data
Authors: Yi Bo , Lu Chaoqun , Huang Wenjuan , Yu Wenjuan , Yang Jihoon , Howe Adina , Weintraub‐Leff Samantha R. , Hall Steven J.
Published: July 2023

Confidence in model estimates of soil CO2flux depends on assumptions regarding fundamental mechanisms that control the decomposition of litter and soil organic carbon (SOC). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the role of lignin, an abundant and complex biopolymer that may limit decomposition. We tested competing mechanisms using data‐model fusion with modified versions of the CN‐SIM model and a 571‐day laboratory incubation dataset where decomposition of litter, lignin, and SOC was measured across 80 soil samples from the National Ecological Observatory Network. We found that lignin decomposition consistently decreased over time in 65 samples, whereas in the other 15 samples, lignin decomposition subsequently increased. These “lagged‐peak” samples can be predicted by low soil pH, high extractable Mn, and fungal community composition as measured by ITS PC2 (the second principal component of an ordination of fungal ITS amplicon sequences). The highest‐performing model incorporated soil biogeochemical factors and daily dynamics of substrate availability (labile bulk litter:lignin) that jointly represented two hypotheses (C substrate limitation and co‐metabolism) previously thought to influence lignin decomposition. In contrast, models representing either hypothesis alone were biased and underestimated cumulative decomposition. Our findings reconcile competing hypotheses of lignin decomposition and suggest the need to precisely represent the role of lignin and consider soil metal and fungal characteristics to accurately estimate decomposition in Earth‐system models.
Mortality risk factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a nursing home
Authors: Notomi Satoko , Kitamura Mineaki , Otsuka Emiko , Ejima Yusuke , Sawase Kenji , Nishino Tomoya , Funakoshi Satoshi
Published: July 2023

Aim

This study aimed to verify the impact of low body mass index (BMI) on mortality in nursing home residents undergoing hemodialysis and to clarify other associated mortality risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients admitted to a nursing home affiliated with Nagasaki Renal Center between April 2014 and March 2022. Medical data were collected on admission, and participants were divided into low and high BMI groups according to their median BMI values. The patients were followed up until March 2023. The association between survival and patient history was also analyzed.

Results

Of the 106 patients (average age, 81.3 ± 7.9 years; male, 36.8%; median dialysis vintage, 32.5 [interquartile range (IQR), 13.8–79.3] months), 52 and 54 were classified into the low (median < 18.4 kg/m2) and high (≥18.4 kg/m2) BMI groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that BMI (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.94; P < 0.001) was closely associated with survival. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that dementia was associated with low BMI (odds ratio: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.07–7.83, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Low BMI was an important factor contributing to poor patient survival. Dementia was associated with low BMI. Therefore, the management of both nutrition and dementia is essential for nursing home residents undergoing hemodialysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 660–664.
‘Who Thinks this Teaspoon Is Art?’ A Discourse Analysis of Elementary School Students' Negotiation of Meaning During Art Museum Visits
Authors: Yang Sylvia Ya‐Hsuan , Sanders‐Smith Stephanie
Published: July 2023

This intrinsic case study examines art museum learning of elementary school students during a week‐long visit at the Mackenzie Art Museum. Museums are informative institutions that provide opportunities for visitors to engage with self, others, and society. It is a unique place for visitors to learn beyond classroom settings. This project aims to analyse the discourse around art and understand how young learners utilise discourse as tools to make meaning during art museum visits. By examining learners' dialogues, the research investigated a meaning‐making framework that incorporates strategies for negotiating insights in art museums. This study includes approximately 12 hours of video‐recorded data and student artefacts. The data suggests learners engage and form new meanings through building and negotiating discourses with peers and museum educators. Different discourses and knowledge are valued and reinforced by members of the group. This study addresses the gap in children's meaning‐making during art museum visits, illustrating their strategies to construct knowledge and bridge connections.
Contracting in Peer Networks
Authors: DEMARZO PETER M. , KANIEL RON
Published: July 2023

We consider multiagent multifirm contracting when agents benchmark their wages to those of their peers, using weights that vary within and across firms. When a single principal commits to a public contract, optimal contracts hedge relative wage risk without sacrificing efficiency. But compensation benchmarking undoes performance benchmarking, causing wages to load positively on peer output, and asymmetries in peer effects can be exploited to enhance profits. With multiple principals, a “rat race” emerges: agents are more productive, with effort that can exceed the first best, but higher wages reduce profits and undermine efficiency. Wage transparency and disclosure requirements exacerbate these effects.
Menopause and stress urinary incontinence: The risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Huang He , Ding Guowei , Li Mei , Deng Yu , Cheng Yan , Jin Hongyan
Published: July 2023

Objective

The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) increases around menopause. The quality of life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with SUI is significantly affected. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SUI and the associated risk factors in a population of Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods

A total of 273 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were enrolled, and a cross‐sectional study was conducted. SUI was defined as an involuntary loss of urine with increases in abdominal pressure. Data including personal characteristics, menopause information, estrogen levels, and pelvic floor muscle strength levels were statistically analyzed.

Results

The study enrolled 158 (57.9%) perimenopausal and 115 (42.1%) postmenopausal women. Sixty‐six (41.8%) perimenopausal women and 56 (48.7%) postmenopausal women complained of SUI. The mean age was 49.42 ± 5.58 years. Body mass index over 24 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.81), vaginal delivery (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33–4.58), and diabetes (OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.23–17.62) were high‐risk factors for SUI. Climacteric symptoms (evaluated by Kupperman index scores) were statistically related to SUI, and among the 13 symptoms, insomnia, nervousness, weakness and fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, palpitation, and sexual complaints were all correlated with SUI in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Conclusions

Several factors are associated with SUI in Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Obesity, vaginal delivery, climacteric symptoms, and diabetes were identified as the most notable risk factors. The management strategy could focus on the prevention and management of risk factors.
Associations of social jetlag with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Wendy Y. , Feng Jie , Zheng Chen , Jiao Jiao , Wong Stephen H. S.
Published: July 2023

Sleep and daytime movement behaviours occur co‐dependently with each other within a finite 24 h day. Sleep parameters other than sleep duration, such as social jetlag and chronotype, have been linked to health problems and unhealthy behaviours among children and adolescents. Given the increasing number of studies examining sleep timing/chronotype and weight‐related behaviours, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, in the past decade, this systematic review and meta‐analysis collated and evaluated the evidence on the relationships of social jetlag and chronotype with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. Seven databases were searched on 16 March 2022, and 52 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion, 47 of which were suitable for the meta‐analysis. A positive association was found between social jetlag and screen media use (r = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04–0.24; I2 = 96%; p = 0.008). The morning chronotype was associated with a higher level of physical activity and a lower level of sedentary behaviour than the evening chronotype. No relationship was found between social jetlag and physical activity. The magnitude of heterogeneity among the included studies was high. Further experimental studies are urgently required to understand how circadian preference or misalignment affects activity behaviours. Interventions to promote an active lifestyle in young populations should consider their circadian preference, especially among individuals with the evening chronotype.
Utilization and safety of telemedicine for pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Abby L. , Spinzi Stav , Agrawal Gunjan , Kan Kathleen M.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Telemedicine for pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (pLUTS) is a relatively new mode of delivering bladder health education with scant evidence supporting current practice. We aim to examine the safety of pLUTS‐related telemedicine visits surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of new pLUTS referral diagnoses to our institution's pediatric urology clinics. Demographics, wait times, and referral diagnoses were captured and compared before and after March 2020 using χ2/Fisher exact tests and t‐tests. A retrospective chart review was performed for an initial telemedicine visit followed by an in‐person visit to identify missed radiology, lab, or physical exam findings.

Results

Six hundred twelve patients were included from September 2018 to August 2021. Most were 5–10 years old (62.3%), female (56.2%), English speaking (86.5%), White (39.4%), and had private insurance (67.2%). Wait times were shorter for telemedicine versus in‐person visits (t190 = −3.56, p < .001). After March 2020, patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) and females utilized in‐person visits more often (p < .001). After chart review (11 patients, mean = 10.4 years), 9 (81.8%) had comorbid conditions and/or family history of lower urinary tract symptoms. None had missed clinical findings that changed management.

Conclusions

pLUTS care can be delivered via telemedicine without a significant change in patient volume and population, though additional investigations will clarify the needs of patients with specific referral diagnoses and comorbid conditions. The in‐person exam can be omitted safely with proper clinical history taking, supporting future virtual programs that address delays in care within local communities.
The Domain‐Specificity of Domain‐Generality: Attention, Executive Function, and Academic Skills
Authors: Wilkey Eric D.
Published: July 2023

Attention and executive functions (EFs) play a critical role in academic skill development, including literacy and numeracy. Deficits in attention and EFs often accompany learning disorders, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia. Despite their well‐established link, we lack a nuanced understanding of the specific neurobiological mechanisms that integrate the higher order cognitive processes of EFs (e.g., cognitive control) with the control of lower‐level cognition related to domain‐specific skills (e.g., processing numerical information). While attention and EFs have been identified as key factors in domain‐specific cognition and learning, the focus on its domain‐generality may hinder exploration of its domain‐specific roots. Using the example of number processing, I detail a series of neuroimaging studies exploring how domain‐specific mechanisms interact with domain‐general processing. They suggest that a better understanding of the hierarchical nature of higher order control of lower‐level processing is necessary to explain the relation between attention, EFs, and academic skills.
Clinical manifestations and susceptibility of Scedosporium/Lomentospora infections at a tertiary medical centre in Taiwan from 2014 to 2021: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lao Chong Kei , Ou Jie‐Hao , Fan Yun‐Chen , Wu Ting‐Shu , Sun Pei‐Lun
Published: July 2023

Background

Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis is a globally emerging and crucial fungal infection. However, clinical data on Scedosporium/Lomentospora infections in Taiwan are scarce.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of Scedosporium/Lomentospora‐infected patients and evaluate the susceptibility of these isolates to antifungal agents.

Methods

The clinical features of Scedosporium/Lomentospora‐infected patients at a tertiary teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed; isolates from these patients were identified to species level for antifungal susceptibility testing.

Results

Among 44 patients, 27 (61.4%) had scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis, whereas 17 (38.6%) were colonised with Scedosporium/Lomentospora species. Scedosporium apiospermum was the main coloniser; scedosporiosis was primarily caused by S. boydii. Trauma history, steroid and immunosuppressant use were the most common risk factors for developing these infections. Among 27 patients with scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis, one was lost to follow‐up and seven (7/26, 26.9%) died. Most patients with S. apiospermum infection have a history of trauma, leading to cutaneous, bone and ocular infections. Pulmonary, sinus and disseminated infections and mortality were frequently reported in patients with S. boydii infection. Voriconazole's minimum inhibitory concentration was low for S. boydii, S. apiospermum and S. aurantiacum. Caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin were active against S. boydii and S. apiospermum. A potentially novel Scedosporium species was identified in this study, with distinct clinical manifestations and antifungal susceptibility.

Conclusions

At our centre, S. boydii is the main causative species of scedosporiosis; voriconazole could be the first‐line treatment in Taiwan. Our study supports the importance of speciation, rather than only categorising these isolates into S. apiospermum species complex.
The role of histology in the diagnosis of non‐erosive reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kataria Jay , Rivera Daniel , Grin Andrea , Reed David Edward , Rodrigues David Mario
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose

Non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) accounts for over half of all gastroesophageal reflux cases and is characterized by reflux symptoms with pathologic acid exposure on pH monitoring but no evidence of erosions on upper endoscopy. Ambulatory pH monitoring is limited by availability and patient tolerance. The utility of performing esophageal mucosal biopsies in diagnosing NERD is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the sensitivity of esophageal mucosal biopsies in diagnosing NERD.

Methods

Data were obtained from Embase and Ovid MEDLINE from inception to April 2021. Studies were included if esophageal mucosal biopsies were taken and analyzed using conventional histopathologic analysis in symptomatic NERD patients. Relevant data was including histologic abnormalities and location of the biopsy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated against healthy controls or those with functional heartburn.

Results

The search yielded 2871 studies, of which 10 studies met our inclusion criteria and contained raw data. Histological abnormalities included histologic sum scores, papillary elongation, basal cell hyperplasia, and dilated intraepithelial spaces. When assessing for the presence of any abnormality, biopsies taken <3 cm from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) had a pooled sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.77) and specificity of 0.64 (95% 0.54–0.73); however, analysis of individual histologic features such as the presence of eosinophils improved the sensitivity.

Conclusions

Although esophageal mucosal biopsies had poor sensitivity at diagnosing NERD, biopsies taken within 3 cm of the LES had higher sensitivity when pathologists reported upon eosinophils and dilated intraepithelial spaces.
Firm‐specific Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Brazil*
Authors: Pires Tiago , Szydłowski Arek , Zhao Shuai
Published: July 2023

We introduce firm‐specific returns to experience and tenure into a standard two‐way fixed effects model, show that they are separately identified under the standard exogenous mobility assumption and with sufficient between firm mobility, and provide a new evidence on heterogeneity of returns to experience and tenure across firms using the administrative data from Brazil over the years 1999–2014. We document that (1) returns to tenure are not strongly related to firm wage premia, (2) returns to experience are strongly negatively correlated with firm wage premia, (3) the relationship between firm wage premium and return to experience is stronger for ‘blue collar’ firms.
Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolic, inflammatory, and appetitive effects of sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Brown Holly N. , Barber Thomas , Renshaw Derek , Farnaud Sebastien , Oduro‐Donkor Dominic , Turner Mark C.
Published: July 2023

The complex and multifactorial etiology of obesity creates challenges for its effective long‐term management. Increasingly, the gut microbiome is reported to play a key role in the maintenance of host health and wellbeing, with its dysregulation associated with chronic diseases such as obesity. The gut microbiome is hypothesized to contribute to obesity development and pathogenesis via several pathways involving food digestion, energy harvest and storage, production of metabolites influencing satiety, maintenance of gut barrier integrity, and bile acid metabolism. Moreover, the gut microbiome likely contributes to the metabolic, inflammatory, and satiety benefits and sustained weight‐loss effects following bariatric procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy. While the field of gut microbiome research in relation to obesity and sleeve gastrectomy outcomes is largely in its infancy, the gut microbiome nonetheless holds great potential for understanding some of the mechanisms behind sleeve gastrectomy outcomes as well as for optimizing post‐surgery benefits. This review will explore the current literature within the field as well as discuss the current limitations, including the small sample size, variability in methodological approaches, and lack of associative data, which need to be addressed in future studies.
Fostering employee innovation: Linking person–organization fit to innovative behavior through knowledge sharing and reward perception
Authors: Lee Jaeyong , Jin Myung H.
Published: July 2023

The core foundation of data‐driven public administration is establishing a digital platform that enables collaboration between various subjects and stakeholders; for this, active interaction among employees of an organization and their innovations in deriving creative ideas and actions are essential. Reflecting this, this study focused on promoting employees' innovative behavior (IB) through the activation of knowledge sharing (KS) within the organization, considering other key variables, person–organization fit (POF) and reward perception (RP). We integrated the mediation model of POF, KS, and IB and the moderation model of POF, RP, and KS to confirm whether the effect of POF on KS moderated by RP affects IB. Analysis of data on 1420 public employees of 33 local government agencies in South Korea shows that all the research models work. These results confirm the positive and direct relationship between POF and IB, and prove the mediating effect of KS in the POF–IB relationship and the moderating effect of RP in the POF–KS relationship, respectively. Furthermore, it confirms that the level of employees' perceived congruence between the employees themselves and the organization has a stronger effect on IB when employees clearly recognize rewards for their KS activities. Based on these findings, we present critical suggestions to improve employees' KS and IB.
Emerging roles of transmembrane‐type tight junction proteins in cancers
Authors: Takasawa Akira , Takasawa Kumi , Murata Masaki , Osanai Makoto , Sawada Norimasa
Published: July 2023

Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical components of the cell–cell adhesion machinery in epithelial and endothelial cells and they play essential roles in homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that aberrant expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) is frequently observed in various type of cancers. Here we review cancer‐associated aberrant expression of TJPs with focus on transmembrane‐type TJPs including claudins, junctional adhesion molecule‐A (JAM‐A), and occludin. Some transmembrane‐type TJPs are upregulated at the early neoplastic stage and their expression persists during dedifferentiation. Aberrant expression of TJPs contributes to proliferation, invasion, and dysregulated signaling of cancer cells. In addition to an increase in their expression level, their localization is altered from a TJ‐restricted pattern to distribution throughout the whole cell membrane, making them suitable as therapeutic targets. Extracellular domains of transmembrane‐type TJPs can be approached by target drugs not only from the lumen side (apical side) but also from the extracellular matrix side (basal side), including blood vessels. Aberrantly expressed TJPs are potential useful diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets for cancers.
Genetic characterization and prevalence of Pseudomonas syringae strains from sweet cherry orchards in New Zealand
Authors: Marroni M. Virginia , Casonato Seona , Visnovsky Sandra B. , Pitman Andrew R. , Beresford Robert M. , Jones E. Eirian
Published: July 2023

Bacterial canker of cherry, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, is a major constraint to cherry growing in New Zealand. The prevalence of strains from cherry orchards in Central Otago, the main growing area for cherries in New Zealand, was studied, to better understand the epidemiology of the disease. Pseudomonas spp. isolates were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic cherry tissue from 23 commercial cherry orchards in 2015. Isolates were classified into strains belonging to three different taxonomic groups by determining their phylogeny using the gltA gene sequence for all the strains and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four housekeeping genes for 35 strains. Pathogenicity of all Central Otago strains was tested on immature cherry fruit to support the phylogenetic classification. The two main taxonomic groups were P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) and P. syringae pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm1), in Phylogroup 2 (PG2) and Phylogroup 3 (PG3), respectively. The third group comprised nonpathogenic strains classified as Pseudomonas spp. Strains of Psm1 formed a monophyletic group, representing an almost clonal population. There was more variation detected within strains of Pss, although they were restricted to group PG2d. Nonpathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and pathogenic Pss and Psm1 strains coexisted in the same orchard. It was concluded that Pss is the predominant pathovar in Central Otago. This is the first detailed study of the P. syringae species complex in cherry orchards in New Zealand and provides the basis for future epidemiology studies.
Unexpected sounds inhibit the movement of the eyes during reading and letter scanning
Authors: Vasilev Martin R. , Lowman Michael , Bills Katherine , Parmentier Fabrice B. R. , Kirkby Julie A.
Published: July 2023

Novel sounds that unexpectedly deviate from a repetitive sound sequence are well known to cause distraction. Such unexpected sounds have also been shown to cause global motor inhibition, suggesting that they trigger a neurophysiological response aimed at stopping ongoing actions. Recently, evidence from eye movements has suggested that unexpected sounds also temporarily pause the movements of the eyes during reading, though it is unclear if this effect is due to inhibition of oculomotor planning or inhibition of language processes. Here, we sought to distinguish between these two possibilities by comparing a natural reading task to a letter scanning task that involves similar oculomotor demands to reading, but no higher level lexical processing. Participants either read sentences for comprehension or scanned letter strings of these sentences for the letter ‘o’ in three auditory conditions: silence, standard, and novel sounds. The results showed that novel sounds were equally distracting in both tasks, suggesting that they generally inhibit ongoing oculomotor processes independent of lexical processing. These results suggest that novel sounds may have a global suppressive effect on eye‐movement control.
Interpretation, Argumentation, and the Determinacy of Law
Authors: Sartor Giovanni
Published: July 2023

This article models legal interpretation through argumentation and provides a logical analysis of interpretive arguments, their conflicts, and the resulting indeterminacies. Interpretive arguments are modelled as defeasible inferences, which can be challenged and defeated by counterarguments and be reinstated through further arguments. It is shown what claims are possibly (defensibly) or necessarily (justifiably) supported by the arguments constructible from a given interpretive basis, i.e., a set of interpretive canons coupled with reasons for their application. It is finally established under what conditions such arguments provide single outcomes or rather support alternative interpretive conclusions, thus leading to propositions of law whose truth‐value is undetermined.
Transverse spectral instabilities in Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky equation
Authors: Bhavna  , Pandey Ashish Kumar , Singh Sudhir
Published: July 2023

We study the transverse spectral stability of the one‐dimensional small‐amplitude periodic traveling wave solutions of the (2+1)‐dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky (KD) equation. We show that these waves are transversely unstable with respect to two‐dimensional perturbations that are periodic in both directions with long wavelength in the transverse direction. We also show that these waves are transversely stable with respect to perturbations which are either mean‐zero periodic or square‐integrable in the direction of the propagation of the wave and periodic in the transverse direction with finite or short wavelength. We discuss the implications of these results for special cases of the KD equation—namely, KP‐II and mKP‐II equations.
A rare finding of double Barr bodies and X‐monosomy/X‐trisomy mosaicism in a dog with presumed idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Noto Nicholas T. , Raudsepp Terje , Kolb Ellie , Hague Devon W. , Lara Melissa M. , Rosser Michael F.
Published: July 2023

A 4‐year‐old spayed female Border Collie dog presented to the Neurology and Neurosurgery service for an approximately five‐month history of seizures. A complete neurodiagnostic workup was performed and did not reveal any significant abnormalities. The patient's seizures were well controlled with a combination of anticonvulsants. During a manual blood smear review at a follow‐up appointment, double Barr bodies were identified in segmented neutrophils. Karyotyping revealed that the patient is mosaic for X‐monosomy and X‐trisomy, a finding that has never been reported in a dog and is rarely reported in people. This case demonstrates how the identification of abnormal neutrophil nuclear appendages may correlate with chromosomal abnormalities in dogs.
Classification of water subscribers by machine learning algorithms
Authors: Dahesh Arezoo , Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam Reza , Tajally AmirReza , Erfani‐Jazi Aseman , Babazadeh‐Behestani Milad
Published: July 2023

The problem of water scarcity and water crisis (e.g., stable water resources, reduced rainfall, increased urban population growth and lack of proper management of water consumption in urban and domestic water) has recently become a significant issue. Therefore, examining the behaviour of Tehran Province Water and Wastewater (TPWW) subscribers to identify high‐consumption subscribers and explain methods to encourage and educate them more about the correct water consumption pattern can help deal with this crisis. This study aims to use machine learning algorithms to build a robust model for the classification of subscribers in Tehran. Then, new subscribers can be classified into similar classes. For this reason, ensemble algorithms, support vector machines and neural networks are used to predict subscribers' behaviour. Then, the random forest algorithm from the set of ensemble algorithms is considered the best model for the TPWW case with 99% and 98% in train and test accuracy, respectively.
Lo absoluto en la Ciencia de la lógica de Hegel. Sobre la relación entre pensamiento y recuerdo
Authors: Forero Fernando
Published: July 2023

Este artículo se propone, por un lado, comentar la dialéctica de “lo absoluto” en la Ciencia de la lógica de Hegel con el fin de hacer comprensibles asuntos muy áridos, y a la vez ayudar a cobijar la riqueza y profundidad de los planteamientos presentes en esta sección densa e inagotable. Sostiene, por otro lado, que el genuino rendimiento de la dialéctica de lo absoluto consiste en poner en evidencia el nexo entre pensamiento y recuerdo. A la altura de lo absoluto reconocemos que la función del pensar ha sido propiamente la de recordar, es decir, ver en todas las constelaciones conceptuales consideradas en esta obra de Hegel un proceso de interiorización o recuerdo de lo absoluto. La última parte del artículo muestra una tarea que queda por hacer: elaborar la filosofía apareciente de acuerdo con estos desarrollos conceptuales.
Acoustic scattering by smooth elastic cylinders insonified by directional transceivers: Monostatic theory and experiments
Authors: Mursaline Miad Al , Stanton Timothy K. , Lavery Andone C. , Fischell Erin M.
Published: July 2023

A theoretical model for predicting the acoustic field scattered by an elastic cylinder that is partially insonified by a directional transceiver is proposed in the form of a simple approximate one-dimensional integral. This model accounts for spherical spreading and directivity of the incident waves and extends the formulation used in a preceding article [Gurley and Stanton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 2746–2755 (1993)] by including effects due to oblique insonification of a long cylinder assuming negligible end-contributions. The scattered field of an infinitely long cylinder for obliquely incident plane waves and point receivers is used to approximate the apparent volume flow of cylinders partially insonified by directional transceivers. The scattered pressure that is derived using the apparent volume flow, in contrast to the previous formulation, is capable of predicting axially propagating guided wave resonances; these natural modes are excited, in addition to circumferential ones, at off-normal incident angles. The model is compared with exact numerical simulations and with previously published as well as new laboratory data. The analysis illustrates the different realistic effects associated with scattering from elastic cylinders insonified by a directional transceiver both theoretically and experimentally.
Frequency-domain full-waveform inversion-based musculoskeletal
ultrasound computed tomography
Authors: Zhou Chenchen , Xu Kailiang , Ta Dean
Published: July 2023

Recently, full-waveform inversion (FWI) has become a promising tool for ultrasound computed tomography (USCT). However, as a computationally intensive technique, FWI suffers from computational burden, especially in conventional time-domain full-waveform inversion (TDFWI). On the contrary, frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FDFWI) provides a relatively high computational efficiency as the propagation of discrete frequencies is much cheaper than full time-domain modeling. FDFWI has already been applied in soft tissue imaging, such as breast, but for the musculoskeletal model with high impedance contrast between hard and soft tissues, there is still a lack of an effective source estimation method. In this paper, a water-referenced data calibration method is proposed to address the source estimation challenge in the presence of bones, which achieves consistency between the measured and simulated data before the FDFWI procedure. To avoid the cycle-skipping local minimum effect and facilitate the algorithm convergence, a starting frequency criterion for musculoskeletal FDFWI is further proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical studies on retrieving the anatomies of the leg models and different musculoskeletal lesions. The study extends the advanced FDFWI method to the musculoskeletal system and provides an alternative solution for musculoskeletal USCT imaging with high computational efficiency.
“I’m Obviously a Sucker for Punishment”: Responses to Audience Interactions Used by Women Working in Sports Media
Authors: Kitching Niamh , Sheehan Aoife
Published: July 2023

The gendered experiences of women working in sports media have been the subject of growing research, particularly in the United States, but cases are emerging in other contexts. This paper examines the strategies used by seven women working in sports media in the United Kingdom and Ireland to deal with undesirable audience interactions, both online and in person. With emotional labor as an overarching framework, semistructured interviews interviews were conducted and reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct two themes: internal and external responses. The study reveals the additional self-regulated emotional burden carried by women working in sports media and the strategies used to cope. Women in sports media publicly downplay their mistreatment and have not yet embraced the reporting of gendered practices in the workplace. The findings contribute to a growing body of literature that sheds light on the experiences of women in sports media and offer insights for women working in the industry and their employers.
Athletes’ Perceptions of Developing Relationships Through Adult-Oriented Coaching in Online Contexts
Authors: Eagles Kimberley , Callary Bettina
Published: July 2023

Online coaching has grown in popularity, in which the coach and athlete work together using Internet-based platforms, without meeting in person. Kettlebell lifting has been using the online format for some time. The majority of Kettlebell lifters are Masters Athletes (MAs), over the age of 35 years, and competing in registered events around the world. Adult-oriented psychosocial coaching approaches that prioritize relationship development have proven to be successful when coaching MAs. While the coach–athlete relationship has been extensively examined, it is not known how the coach–athlete relationship is created and maintained in an online-only environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of MAs’ relationships with their online coaches. Five kettlebell lifters were interviewed to explore their experiences of having online coaches. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the lifters’ individual experiences within the online coaching environment were examined. Three higher order themes suggest (a) initial relationship building involves the coach selection by the MA, as well as developing closeness and complementary behaviors; (b) progressing in the relationship through communication; and (c) coach programming that is adaptable and negotiated. The coach–athlete relationship for mature adults in an online-only platform can be fostered through adult-oriented approaches.
Dynamics-informed deconvolutional neural networks for super-resolution identification of regime changes in epidemiological time series
Authors: Vilar Jose M. G. , Saiz Leonor
Published: July 2023

The ability to infer the timing and amplitude of perturbations in epidemiological systems from their stochastically spread low-resolution outcomes is crucial for multiple applications. However, the general problem of connecting epidemiological curves with the underlying incidence lacks the highly effective methodology present in other inverse problems, such as super-resolution and dehazing from computer vision. Here, we develop an unsupervised physics-informed convolutional neural network approach in reverse to connect death records with incidence that allows the identification of regime changes at single-day resolution. Applied to COVID-19 data with proper regularization and model-selection criteria, the approach can identify the implementation and removal of lockdowns and other nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) with 0.93-day accuracy over the time span of a year.