bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling abiotic and biotic controls on the seasonal water balance using data-driven dimensionless diagnostics
Authors: Seibert Simon Paul , Jackisch Conrad , Ehret Uwe , Pfister Laurent , Zehe Erwin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The baffling diversity of runoff generation processes, alongside our sketchy understanding of how physiographic characteristics control fundamental hydrological functions of water collection, storage, and release, continue to pose major research challenges in catchment hydrology. Here, we propose innovative data-driven diagnostic signatures for overcoming the prevailing status quo in catchment inter-comparison. More specifically, we present dimensionless double mass curves (dDMC) which allow inference of information on runoff generation and the water balance at the seasonal and annual timescales. By separating the vegetation and winter periods, dDMC furthermore provide information on the role of biotic and abiotic controls in seasonal runoff formation. A key aspect we address in this paper is the derivation of dimensionless expressions of fluxes which ensure the comparability of the signatures in space and time. We achieve this by using the limiting factors of a hydrological process as a scaling reference. We show that different references result in different diagnostics. As such we define two kinds of dDMC which allow us to derive seasonal runoff coefficients and to characterize dimensionless streamflow release as a function of the potential renewal rate of the soil storage. We expect these signatures for storage controlled seasonal runoff formation to remain invariant, as long as the ratios of release over supply and supply over storage capacity develop similarly in different catchments. We test the proposed methods by applying them to an operational data set comprising 22 catchments (12–166 km2) from different environments in southern Germany and hydrometeorological data from 4 hydrological years. The diagnostics are used to compare the sites and to reveal the dominant controls on runoff formation. The key findings are that dDMC are meaningful signatures for catchment runoff formation at the seasonal to annual scale and that the type of scaling strongly influences the diagnostic potential of the dDMC. Adding discrimination between growing season and winter period was of fundamental importance and easy to implement by means of a temperature-index model. More specifically, temperature aggregates explain over 70 % of the variability of the seasonal summer runoff coefficients. The results also show that the soil topographic index, i.e. the product of topographic gradient and saturated hydraulic conductivity, is significantly correlated with winter runoff coefficients, whereas the topographic gradient and the hydraulic conductivity alone are not. We conclude that proxies for gradients and resistances should be interpreted as a pair. Lastly, the dDMC concept reveals memory effects between summer and winter runoff regimes that are not relevant in spring between the transition from winter to summer.
Global evaluation of runoff from 10 state-of-the-art hydrological models
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , de Roo Ad , Dutra Emanuel , Fink Gabriel , Orth Rene , Schellekens Jaap
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Observed streamflow data from 966 medium sized catchments (1000–5000 km2) around the globe were used to comprehensively evaluate the daily runoff estimates (1979–2012) of six global hydrological models (GHMs) and four land surface models (LSMs) produced as part of tier-1 of the eartH2Observe project. The models were all driven by the WATCH Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI) meteorological dataset, but used different datasets for non-meteorologic inputs and were run at various spatial and temporal resolutions, although all data were re-sampled to a common 0. 5° spatial and daily temporal resolution. For the evaluation, we used a broad range of performance metrics related to important aspects of the hydrograph. We found pronounced inter-model performance differences, underscoring the importance of hydrological model uncertainty in addition to climate input uncertainty, for example in studies assessing the hydrological impacts of climate change. The uncalibrated GHMs were found to perform, on average, better than the uncalibrated LSMs in snow-dominated regions, while the ensemble mean was found to perform only slightly worse than the best (calibrated) model. The inclusion of less-accurate models did not appreciably degrade the ensemble performance. Overall, we argue that more effort should be devoted on calibrating and regionalizing the parameters of macro-scale models. We further found that, despite adjustments using gauge observations, the WFDEI precipitation data still contain substantial biases that propagate into the simulated runoff. The early bias in the spring snowmelt peak exhibited by most models is probably primarily due to the widespread precipitation underestimation at high northern latitudes.
A simple kinematic model for the Lagrangian description of relevant nonlinear processes in the stratospheric polar vortex
Authors: García-Garrido Víctor José , Curbelo Jezabel , Mechoso Carlos Roberto , Mancho Ana María , Wiggins Stephen
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this work, we study the Lagrangian footprint of the planetary waves present in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere during the exceptional sudden Stratospheric warming event that took place during September 2002. Our focus is on constructing a simple kinematic model that retains the fundamental mechanisms responsible for complex fluid parcel evolution, during the polar vortex breakdown and its previous stages. The construction of the kinematic model is guided by the Fourier decomposition of the geopotential field. The study of Lagrangian transport phenomena in the ERA-Interim reanalysis data highlights hyperbolic trajectories, and these trajectories are Lagrangian objects that are the kinematic mechanism for the observed filamentation phenomena. Our analysis shows that the breaking and splitting of the polar vortex is justified in our model by the sudden growth of a planetary wave and the decay of the axisymmetric flow.
AUTONOMIA EM TEMPOS DE CAPITALISMO FLEXÍVEL: UMA ABORDAGEM A PARTIR DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: José Lisboa Baptista Anderson
Published: June 2017

O artigo reflete  sobre a categoria Autonomia em Paulo Freire, sua relevância e aplicabilidade no atual estágio da sociedade capitalista. É uma abordagem teórica que no primeiro momento discute o conceito de “corrosão do caráter” (Sennet, 2014), no contexto do capitalismo flexível. Em seguida apresenta a concepção de “autonomia” em Freire (2008, 2014a e 2014b) fundamentada em outros postulados de sua teoria. No final são apontados contrapontos entre a lógica da sociedade do capitalismo flexível, da corrosão do caráter e a concepção freireana de autonomia. Entre os resultados destaca-se a autonomia em Freire como uma proposta humanizante, que resgata o sentido de autoria e se contrapõe ao processo desumano que rege a sociedade capitalista atual.
Evaluación psicométrica en profesionales de enfermería de cuidados paliativos
Authors: Oliver Amparo , Sansó Noemí , Galiana Laura , Tomás José M. , Benito Enric
Published: June 2017

Objetivos: Validar las escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en enfermería y relacionarlas con variables clave en calidad de vida laboral. Materiales y método: participaron por encuesta electrónica autoadministrada anónima 433 profesionales, 33.1% profesionales de enfermería (n=123) en quienes nos centramos. Además de sociodemográficos, se recogió información sobre bienestar psicológico, atención consciente, afrontamiento de la muerte y calidad de vida. La validez de constructo fue evaluada con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se estimó fiabilidad y se recogieron evidencias de validez externa. Resultados: El modelo mostró ajuste adecuado: c2(362) = 438.59 (p = .01), CFI = .98, RMSEA = .05 [.03-.06] y fiabilidad adecuada para todas las dimensiones excepeto autonomía. Las dimensiones del bienestar se relacionaron moderada y positivamente con autoconciencia, afrontamiento ante la muerte y satisfacción por compasión, y negativamente con fatiga por compasión y burnout. Se destacan las relaciones entre dominio del entorno y burnout (-.54), propósito en la vida con satisfacción (.54) y con afrontamiento de la muerte (.50). Conclusiones: los resultados apoyan el uso de estas escalas en enfermería, pues muestran adecuada fiabilidad y validez y varias de ellas explican hasta una cuarta parte de indicadores relevantes en salud laboral, como burnout o satisfacción vital.
Cultivo in - vitro para la propagación y conservación de germoplasma de Musa
Authors: Dávila L. , Pastora R , Dens K.
Published: June 2017

El laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos de la UNAN-León realiza la clonación de 15 variedades de Musáceas mejoradas genéticamente, proporcionadas por la Universidad Católica de Leuven (KULeuven), que muestran resistencia a la Sigatoka negra, una de las principales plagas que afectan el cultivo de banano y plátano. Para la micropropagación de las variedades se utiliza un medio Murashige y Skoog suplementado con 10-2 mM de BAP y 10-3 mM de ALA para multiplicación y 10-3 mM de BAP y 10-3 mM de AIA para regeneración. Se estableció una colección in vitro a mediano plazo de germoplasma de Musa para conservar la variabilidad genética indispensable para iniciar programas de mejoramiento genético y seguridad alimentaria.
Derecho Constitucional, Derechos Humanos y Código Penal en Nicaragua. Una interrelación necesaria
Authors: Chamorro Fletes Rafael
Published: June 2017

El nuevo código penal de Nicaragua se ubica dentro del engranaje del ordenamiento jurídico de nuestro país. Todo el ordenamiento se subordina a la Constitución y, por lo tanto, los principios, derechos y obligaciones que en ella se prescriben, informan y limitan las disposiciones de dicho código. Solo en ese caso estaremos en presencia de un Estado democrático de derecho y contaremos con un código penal democrático.
De la enseñanza a los aprendizajes: una ruta en construcción
Authors: Arrien Juan B.
Published: June 2017

Cinco documentos nacionales e internacionales que tratan sobre la educación en sus diferentes aspectos, son revisados y criticados en este trabajo, partiendo de lo más próximo para alcanzar lo más lejano. Los documentos revisados son: el Plan Estratégico Nacional de Educación 2000 - 2015; el Informe de la UNESCO "Aprender a ser", de 1972, más conocido como Informe Faure; la Declaración Mundial sobre Educación para Todos, de 1990, también conocida como Declaración de Jomtien; el Informe "La Educación Encierra un Tesoro", de 1996 0 Informe Delors; y la Declaración Mundial sobre la Educación Superior en el Siglo XXI: visión y acción de 1998. Esta revisión se realiza desde una perspectiva nicaragüense con el objetivo de aplicar a la práctica educativa nacional los progresos teóricos alcanzados en estos documentos.
Diagnóstico molecular de geminivirus transmitidos por la mosca blanca en cultivos de tomate en Ciudad Darío y Tomatoya, Nicaragua.
Authors: Marin Argüello Iván , Wllliams Luis , Moraga David , Huete Pérez Jorge
Published: June 2017

El primer reporte conocido sobre la presencia de geminivirus en tomates en la región centroamericana ocurrió en el Valle de Sébaco, Nicaragua, en 1983. La afectación por geminivirus ha alcanzado grados alarmantes en la última década. Esto ha incrementado la necesidad de métodos rápidos y sensibles para su detección y subsecuente identificación. El presente estud10 se realizó para establecer la técnica de la PCR en la detección de geminivirus en tomate. Se utilizó la PCR combinada con RFLP y las enzimas de restricción Bgl II y Hinc II. Se encontró que el patógeno detectado en las muestras evaluadas podría representar una nueva forma de geminivirus del tomate. Este es el primer trabajo de este tipo en Nicaragua como parte del esfuerzo del Centro de Biología Molecular de la Universidad Centroamericana, por aplicar métodos de biotecnología en el sector agrícola.
Las microfinancieras: por la sostenibilidad y un marco legal apropiado
Authors: Gutiérrez Aguirre Iván
Published: June 2017

En los últimos años el sector de las microfinanzas ha crecido de forma acelerada hasta llegar a tener un peso importante en la generación de servicios financieros a los micro y pequeños empresarios. También han surgido nuevas tendencias dentro de las microfinanzas en orden a convertirlas en entidades de mayor nivel de eficiencia y especialización. Sin embargo, diversos obstáculos de carácter técnico, legal y regulatorio han impedido su desarrollo y formalización. Existen diversos caminos para que este sector de las finanzas tome un rumbo nuevo y estable, para ello tienen que ampliar su horizonte estratégico, profundizar sus procesos de eficiencia y transparencia y abrir nuevos espacios en los mercados del microcrédito. En este artículo presentaremos una reseña de los principales aspectos que atraen o preocupan de esta actividad financiera.
Caracterización del Movimiento de Jesús
Authors: Grácio das Neves Rui Manuel
Published: June 2017

El autor analiza el "Movimiento de Jesús" a la luz de las diversas teorías sobre los movimientos sociales, planteando que fue producto de una serie de condiciones sociales (económico-político-simbólicas) y de su propia capacidad de generar una alternativa simbólica y práctica, es decir, un estilo de vida alternativo al modelo dominante. Concluye que estamos ante un movimiento social que promovía conciencia de identidad colectiva a campesinos- artesanos-excluidos, y que desde ahí hacía posible pensar en un cambio radical creíble, hacia situaciones de mayor justicia y libertad.
Diversidad y composición de Chiropteros en un paisaje fragmentado de bosque seco en Rivas, Nicaragua
Authors: Medina Arnulfo , Harvey Celia , Sánchez Dalia , Vilchez Sergio , Hernández Blas
Published: June 2017

Uno de los problemas ambientales que han suscitado mayor interés mundial en los últimos años, es la pérdida de biodiversidad como consecuencia de las actividades humanas, ya sea de manera directa (sobreexplotación) o indirecta (alteración del hábitat) (Moreno, 2001). Existen algunos análisis que muestran claramente cómo el número de especies (diversidad) disminuye al reducirse o fragmentarse el área, a consecuencia de procesos a través de los cuales, los remanentes del bosque original, de tamaños y formas variables, quedan inmersos en una matriz de hábitats transformados (Cattan, 2002).
Acceso a medicamentos para estudiantes que asisten al área de salud de la VOAE en ciudad universitaria de la UNAH
Authors: Varela Blanco Eleana Lizette , Suyapa Barahona Nilda
Published: June 2017

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Orientación y Asuntos Estudiantiles (VOAE), ofrece a los estudiantes universitarios los servicios de bienestar estudiantil con diferentes áreas de atención para mantener una calidad de vida sana y disminuir el estrés. La investigación se enfocó en la población estudiantil que asiste al área de salud de ciudad universitaria, en busca de atención médica. Se encontró en el informe del área de salud y en la investigación realizada, que más del treinta y cinco por ciento (35 %) de la población total utiliza los siguientes servicios: consulta médica, odontológica, psicológica, análisis clínico y farmacia. Debido a los hallazgos encontrados, se propone la creación de un “Programa de educación en medicina preventiva en ciudad universitaria”, el cual consistirá en la implementación de una unidad ejecutora de todas las acciones coordinadas por el área de salud de la VOAE y las unidades académicas del área de salud involucradas y definidas para llevar a cabo actividades de formación y capacitación en materia de medicina preventiva, con el fin de educar para la prevención en salud oral, física, mental y vulnerabilidad psíquica. Lo anterior se logrará realizando conferencias, charlas y diferentes talleres de capacitación de manera continua y de ser posible con obligatoriedad, para incidir en la disminución de la medicina curativa del cuadro básico de enfermedades de ciudad universitaria, procurando reducir la cuenta presupuestaria institucional en la prescripción de medicamentos.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, 29-39
Desarrollo y validación de un método para cuantificación de acetaminofén en supositorios mediante HPLC-DAD utilizando una variación del método QuEChERS
Authors: Rodríguez Amulfo , Martínez Yeffry , Ponce Henry
Published: June 2017

Se propone un método para la identificación y cuantificación de acetaminofén en supositorios mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución con detector de arreglo de diodos (HPLC-DAD), utilizando una variación del método de extracción QuEChERS. Se empleó la separación cromatográfica utilizada en el método de la farmacopea de los Estados Unidos, edición 35 de 2012, en la que se practica un gradiente isocrático, con una fase móvil compuesta de agua y metanol (70:30). La columna utilizada fue C18 (L1) de 150 x 4.6 mm, con un tamaño de partícula de 5μm, manteniendo la columna a una temperatura de 45 °C y el detector se colocó a una longitud de onda de 243 nm. Para el proceso de extracción y purificación del analito se utilizó una técnica diferente al que señala la farmacopea, en donde se aplica una extracción líquido-líquido, obteniéndose con el procedimiento desarrollado, elevados valores de recuperación del analito. Los resultados de la validación del método mostraron valores que cumplieron los criterios de aceptación de los parámetros evaluados. El método desarrollado puede ser aplicado para el análisis de acetaminofén en supositorios, con iguales resultados al de la farmacopea, con la ventaja de ser más rápido, menos costoso y amigable con el ambiente.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, p.70-89
College English Writing Instruction for Non-English Majors in Mainland China: The “Output-Driven, Input-Enabled” Hypothesis Perspective
Authors: Ren Junhong
Published: June 2017

College English writing instruction has been a prominent research area in EFL field in mainland China. This paper has continued the focus by exploring a seemingly effective way for college English writing instruction in China--teaching writing based on reading on the basis of the “output-driven, input-enabled” hypothesis. This hypothesis places emphasis on the important role that language output plays in second language acquisition. Under this hypothesis, language output is both the driving power and objective of EFL teaching; language input provides with the language learners the language forms and content essential for output tasks. This hypothesis meets language learners’ psychological needs, our social needs and current educational needs. In essence, theoretical considerations on carrying out writing instruction based on this hypothesis are discussed. To construct writing instruction, teachers may teach writing based on reading since reading could provide the learners with meaningful language input, which language learners could take advantage of to accomplish the writing tasks. Requirements for writing instructions in reading classes are then identified and illustrations on how to conduct writing are provided under this new hypothesis.
Presentació del monogràfic «Temes i formes de la primitiva narrativa catalana breu»
Authors: Garcia Marinela , Martín Llúcia
Published: June 2017

Resum:Presentació del monogràfic sobre «Temes i formes de la primitiva narrativa catalana breu» del número 62 (primavera 2017) de Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
A l’entorn de «Lo somni de Joan Joan», de Jaume Gassull
Authors: Martínez Romero Tomàs
Published: June 2017

Resum: Estudi dels paral·lelismes que es detecten entre Lo somni de Joan Joan i algunes composicions catalanes escrites durant els segles XIV i XV, en especial les noves rimades i les narracions sentimentals. Gràcies a la fórmula mètrica utilitzada en aquesta ocasió per l’autor (la codolada), Gassull és capaç de conjuminar materials que provenen de fonts i de gèneres diversos i, per tant, de mantenir viva en alguns aspectes la tradició pròpia anterior. Això precisament justifica la necessitat d’un apropament nou als versos burlescos dels poetes valencians quatrecentistes. Paraules clau: Lo somni de Joan Joan, Gassull, codolada, noves rimades, poesia valenciana tardomedieval.
Anna Pineda i Cirera, «Les fronteres de la (in)transitivitat. Estudi dels aplicatius en llengües romàniques i basc», Barcelona, Institut Privat d’Estudis Món Juïc, 2016, 447 pp.
Authors: Acedo-Matellán Víctor
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Anna Pineda i Cirera, Les fronteres de la (in)transitivitat. Estudi dels aplicatius en llengües romàniques i basc, Barcelona, Institut Privat d’Estudis Món Juïc, 2016, 447 pp. ISBN: 978-84-945343-3-1.
Gemma Gómez Duran, «Gramàtica del català rossellonès», Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2016, 193 pp.
Authors: Martí Mestre Joaquim
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Gemma Gómez Duran, Gramàtica del català rossellonès, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2016, 193 pp.
Abel Soler Molina, «El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”», València, Edicions Alfons el Magnànim («Estudis universitaris», núm. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp.
Authors: Mallorquí-Ruscalleda Enric
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Abel Soler Molina, El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”, València, Edicions Alfons el Magnànim («Estudis universitaris», núm. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7822-639-9
No sólo una flor: aproximación a la presencia la peonía en la Medicina y el Arte
Authors: Moreno Coll Araceli
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo pretende dar otra visión al mundo vegetal. Analizaremos el papel de la peonía en distintas culturas, dándonos cuenta de que no es un simple attrezzo usado por la belleza de sus flores, pues esconde innumerables incógnitas.
Glycolytic reliance promotes anabolism in photoreceptors
Authors: Chinchore Yashodhan , Begaj Tedi , Wu David , Drokhlyansky Eugene , Cepko Constance L
Published: June 2017

Vertebrate photoreceptors are among the most metabolically active cells, exhibiting a high rate of ATP consumption. This is coupled with a high anabolic demand, necessitated by the diurnal turnover of a specialized membrane-rich organelle, the outer segment, which is the primary site of phototransduction. How photoreceptors balance their catabolic and anabolic demands is poorly understood. Here, we show that rod photoreceptors in mice rely on glycolysis for their outer segment biogenesis. Genetic perturbations targeting allostery or key regulatory nodes in the glycolytic pathway impacted the size of the outer segments. Fibroblast growth factor signaling was found to regulate glycolysis, with antagonism of this pathway resulting in anabolic deficits. These data demonstrate the cell autonomous role of the glycolytic pathway in outer segment maintenance and provide evidence that aerobic glycolysis is part of a metabolic program that supports the biosynthetic needs of a normal neuronal cell type.
A novel twelve class fluctuation test reveals higher than expected mutation rates for influenza A viruses
Authors: Pauly Matthew D , Procario Megan C , Lauring Adam S
Published: June 2017

Influenza virus’ low replicative fidelity contributes to its capacity for rapid evolution. Clonal sequencing and fluctuation tests have suggested that the influenza virus mutation rate is 2.7 × 10–6 - 3.0 × 10–5 substitutions per nucleotide per strand copied (s/n/r). However, sequencing assays are biased toward mutations with minimal fitness impacts and fluctuation tests typically investigate only a subset of all possible single nucleotide mutations. We developed a fluctuation test based on reversion to fluorescence in a set of virally encoded mutant green fluorescent proteins, which allowed us to measure the rates of selectively neutral mutations representative of the twelve different mutation types. We measured an overall mutation rate of 1.8 × 10–4 s/n/r for PR8 (H1N1) and 2.5 × 10–4 s/n/r for Hong Kong 2014 (H3N2) and a transitional bias of 2.7–3.6. Our data suggest that each replicated genome will have an average of 2–3 mutations and highlight the importance of mutational load in influenza virus evolution.
Preliminary findings on the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment by osteopathic physicians
Authors: Fry Lincoln J.
Published: June 2017

The literature suggests that the extent to which osteopathic physicians actually use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the factors that predict the use of OMT remain virtually unexplored. A mailed survey of practicing osteopathic physicians was used to query respondents about their use of OMT and about the effects of a number of factors on use of OMT. The survey showed that 71% of 100 practicing physicians used OMT with 5% or more of their patients, and 14% in 50% or more of their patients. Multivariate statistical procedures revealed that a physician's having learned a new OMT format since graduation from medical school was the primary predictor of the use of OMT, followed by interest in OMT during internship. The other predictor was whether the respondent had a family member who was also a DO. Physician's specialty, emphasis on OMT during graduate and postgraduate training, and the era during which DOs received their training were not significant predictors of OMT use. These results indicate a need for further research on OMT use and the variables examined in this study.
Modelling environmental drivers of black band disease outbreaks in populations of foliose corals in the genus Montipora
Authors: Chen Carla C.M. , Bourne David G. , Drovandi Christopher C. , Mengersen Kerrie , Willis Bette L. , Caley M. Julian , Sato Yui
Published: June 2017

Seawater temperature anomalies associated with warming climate have been linked to increases in coral disease outbreaks that have contributed to coral reef declines globally. However, little is known about how seasonal scale variations in environmental factors influence disease dynamics at the level of individual coral colonies. In this study, we applied a multi-state Markov model (MSM) to investigate the dynamics of black band disease (BBD) developing from apparently healthy corals and/or a precursor-stage, termed ‘cyanobacterial patches’ (CP), in relation to seasonal variation in light and seawater temperature at two reef sites around Pelorus Island in the central sector of the Great Barrier Reef. The model predicted that the proportion of colonies transitioning from BBD to Healthy states within three months was approximately 57%, but 5.6% of BBD cases resulted in whole colony mortality. According to our modelling, healthy coral colonies were more susceptible to BBD during summer months when light levels were at their maxima and seawater temperatures were either rising or at their maxima. In contrast, CP mostly occurred during spring, when both light and seawater temperatures were rising. This suggests that environmental drivers for healthy coral colonies transitioning into a CP state are different from those driving transitions into BBD. Our model predicts that (1) the transition from healthy to CP state is best explained by increasing light, (2) the transition between Healthy to BBD occurs more frequently from early to late summer, (3) 20% of CP infected corals developed BBD, although light and temperature appeared to have limited impact on this state transition, and (4) the number of transitions from Healthy to BBD differed significantly between the two study sites, potentially reflecting differences in localised wave action regimes.
Nurture over Nature
Authors: Naaman Erez
Published: June 2017

Habitus is a logical and ethical Aristotelian concept that was first introduced to the Islamic world through the translation of Greek philosophical works into Arabic in the ninth century. Following its introduction and until the nineteenth century, thinkers and scholars of the Islamic world naturalized it creatively in various intellectual systems. In ethical usage, habitus is a disposition that, once acquired and well established through a process of accustoming, allows humans to perceive and act in certain ways without deliberation or reflection. This concept explained how humans transcended their inborn natures, and as such it was amenable to employment in manifold fields and contexts. The present article studies significant applications from the ninth to the nineteenth century by thinkers of the Islamic world, who fleshed out the Aristotelian concept and used it for their own purposes. Among other things, it shows that the two main trends of naturalization involved application of the concept to religious Islamic discourses and to the study of humans and their society, anticipating modern Western sociological usage.
Two Pharmacological Texts on Whey by Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī (d. 925)
Authors: Das Aileen , Koetschet Pauline
Published: June 2017

This article offers the first edition and translation of two heretofore unpublished pharmacological treatises by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925), namely Fī ittikhādh māʾ al-jubn (On How to Administer Whey) and Fī manāfiʿ māʾ al-jubn (On the Benefits of Whey), which seem to have formed part of a lost volume on dairy products. As it demonstrates, al-Rāzī’s examination of whey is connected to his philosophical interest in the complex nature of simple substances such as milk. The article also highlights how these two treatises built on the Greek pharmacological tradition by incorporating ingredients from Persia and India.
“The Rules of the School”
Authors: Gadotti Alhena , Kleinerman Alexandra
Published: June 2017

“The Rules of the School,” or Eduba R, is a previously unedited Sumerian literary composition that describes a day in the life of an Old Babylonian student. In this paper, we examine the nature of Eduba R, its place within the corpus of scribal life texts (and particularly its relationship to the more popular composition Eduba A), and its pedagogical role within the Old Babylonian scribal school curriculum as a whole. In addition, we publish a transliteration, translation, commentary, and photos of the two primary manuscripts of the composition.
Proposed Indo-Aryan Etymology for Hurrian timer(i)/timar(i)
Authors: Burgin James Michael
Published: June 2017

In Hurrian, timer(i)/timar(i) ‘dark’ appears exclusively in the phrase timerre eženi “the dark earth” (abl.-inst.). It has been suggested that this phrase and its reflexes in Hittite and Greek derive from the common religious trope of “the devouring earth” originating in northern Mesopotamia, with Hurrian providing the first attestation. However, the atypical morphology of the adjective, which cannot be derived from a noun and does not have the normal (C)VC root pattern of Hurrian, and the semantic field, with Hurrian having borrowed many words for colors, make a native Hurrian origin for timer(i)/timar(i) unlikely. It is suggested instead that the adjective, as well as its counterpart timiraš ‘a dark/black color (of an animal)’ in the Kassite language, was borrowed from Indo-Aryan *tam-[e]r, probably as a result of a shared Indo-Aryan cultural superstratrum. While no alternatives are offered, such an etymology calls into question a Hurrian origin for the religious concept of “devouring earth.”
Aramaic of Qumran
Authors: Reymond Eric
Published: June 2017

The recent publication of A Grammar of Qumran Aramaic by T. Muraoka provides a much-needed analysis of this important corpus of Aramaic texts. The grammar treats not only the corpus of texts found near Wadi Qumran, collectively known as the Dead Sea Scrolls, but also texts from neighboring regions along the Dead Sea, including Wadi Murabba’at and Naḥal Ḥever. (Collectively, these texts represent some of the most important sources of information about Aramaic from this period of time.) The book is thorough and well written and represents the first in-depth grammar of these texts; it goes well beyond the only other existing grammar, that of Ursula Schattner-Rieser, L’araméen des manuscrits de la mer Morte: I. Grammaire. Muraoka’s grammar lists copious textual citations that give a reader the sense that the observations are backed up by solid data. All the same, it does not attempt to state more than the evidence can allow. The thoroughness of the treatment allows one to compare afresh some points of contact between the grammar of these texts and that of the Hebrew scrolls. Despite the usefulness of this grammar and the nuance with which it is realized, the grammar does contain some points of confusion and inconsistency, some of which are outlined below.
Man’yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan. By Torquil Duthie
Authors: Rodd Laurel Rasplica
Published: June 2017

Man’yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan. By Torquil Duthie. Brill’s Japanese Studies Library, vol. 45. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. xx + 444. €49, $63.
Writing Technology in Meiji Japan: A Media History of Modern Chinese Literature and Visual Culture. By Seth Jacobowitz
Authors: Kitagawa Tomoko L.
Published: June 2017

Writing Technology in Meiji Japan: A Media History of Modern Chinese Literature and Visual Culture. By Seth Jacobowitz. Harvard East Asian Monographs, vol. 387. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. xii + 299. $39.95.
Cultural Career of Coolness: Discourses and Practices of Affect Control in European Antiquity, the United States, and Japan. Edited by Ulla Haselstein, Irmela Hijiya-Kirschnereit, Catrin Gersdorf, and Elena Giannoulis
Authors: Brown Janice C.
Published: June 2017

The Cultural Career of Coolness: Discourses and Practices of Affect Control in European Antiquity, the United States, and Japan. Edited by Ulla Haselstein, Irmela Hijiya-Kirschnereit, Catrin Gersdorf, and Elena Giannoulis. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2013. Pp. vi + 283. $100.
Asian Expansions: The Historical Experiences of Polity Expansion in Asia. Edited by GEoff Wade
Authors: Kim Kwangmin
Published: June 2017

Asian Expansions: The Historical Experiences of Polity Expansion in Asia. Edited by GEoff Wade. Routledge Studies in the Early History of Asia, vol. 9. Abingdon: Routledge, 2015. Pp. xii + 259. $145.
Rasa Reader: Classical Indian Aesthetics. By Sheldon Pollock
Authors: Gerow Edwin
Published: June 2017

A Rasa Reader: Classical Indian Aesthetics. By Sheldon Pollock. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Pp. xxiv + 442. $80.
Ashoka in Ancient India. By Nayanjot Lahiri
Authors: Olivelle Patrick
Published: June 2017

Ashoka in Ancient India. By Nayanjot Lahiri. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. xix + 385. $35.
Archaeology of Bhakti I: Mathurā and Maturai, Back and Forth. Edited by Emmanuel Francis and Charlotte Schmid
Authors: Selby Martha Ann
Published: June 2017

The Archaeology of Bhakti I: Mathurā and Maturai, Back and Forth. Edited by Emmanuel Francis and Charlotte Schmid. Pondichéry: École Française d’Extrême-Orient and Institut Français de Pondichéry, 2014. Pp. xiv + 366.
Śaiva Rites of Expiation: A First Edition and Translation of Trilocanaśiva’s Twelfth-Century Prāyaścittasamuccaya (with a Transcription of Hṛdayaśiva’s Prāyaścittasamuccaya). Edited and translated by R. Sathyanarayanan, with an introduction by Dom
Authors: Geslani Marko
Published: June 2017

Śaiva Rites of Expiation: A First Edition and Translation of Trilocanaśiva’s Twelfth-Century Prāyaścittasamuccaya (with a Transcription of Hṛdayaśiva’s Prāyaścittasamuccaya). Edited and translated by R. Sathyanarayanan, with an introduction by Dominic Goddall. Collection Indologie, vol. 127. Pondicherry: Institut Française de Pondichéry; École Française d’Extrême Orient, 2015. Pp. 651.
Verbal Tense System in Late Biblical Hebrew Prose. By Ohad Cohen
Authors: Hornkohl Aaaron D.
Published: June 2017

The Verbal Tense System in Late Biblical Hebrew Prose. By Ohad Cohen. Harvard Semitic Series, vol. 63. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2013. Pp. xiv + 304. $49.50.
Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East. By Oscar White Muscarella
Authors: Roller Lynn
Published: June 2017

Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East. By Oscar White Muscarella. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 62. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Pp. vi + 1088. $292.
Sargonic Cuneiform Tablets in the Real Academia de la Historia: The Carl L. Lippmann Collection. By Manuel Molina
Authors: Bartash Vitali
Published: June 2017

Sargonic Cuneiform Tablets in the Real Academia de la Historia: The Carl L. Lippmann Collection. By Manuel Molina. Catálogo del Gabinete de Antigüedades. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia and Ministerio de Cultura de la República de Iraq, 2014. Pp. 317, 337 plts.
Assyrien und Urarṭu I: Der Achte Feldzug Sargons II. im Jahre 714 v. Chr; and Assyrien und Urarṭu II: Die assyrisch-urartäischen Bilinguen, by Walter Mayer
Authors: Zimansky Paul
Published: June 2017

Assyrien und Urarṭu I: Der Achte Feldzug Sargons II. im Jahre 714 v. Chr. By Walter Mayer. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol. 395/1. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013. Pp. xv + 189. €64.

Assyrien und Urarṭu II: Die assyrisch-urartäischen Bilinguen. By Walter Mayer. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol. 395/2. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013. Pp. xv + 156. €58.
Muslim Midwives: The Craft of Birthing in the Premodern Middle East. By Abner Giladi
Authors: Katz Marion H.
Published: June 2017

Muslim Midwives: The Craft of Birthing in the Premodern Middle East. By Abner Giladi. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. x + 195. $95.
Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism. By Patricia Crone
Authors: Choksy Jamsheed K.
Published: June 2017

The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism. By Patricia Crone. Pp. xviii + 566, 6 maps. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. xvii + 566. $109.99 (cloth), $29.99 (paperback), $24 (ebook).
Religious Scholars and the Umayyads: Piety-Minded Supporters of the Marwanid Caliphate. By Steven C. Judd
Authors: Afsaruddin Asma
Published: June 2017

Religious Scholars and the Umayyads: Piety-Minded Supporters of the Marwanid Caliphate. By Steven C. Judd. Culture and Civilization in the Middle East. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2013. Pp. x + 197. $145.
Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097–1291. By Alex Mallett
Authors: Mourad Suleiman A,
Published: June 2017

Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097–1291. By Alex Mallett. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. Pp. xi + 176. $119.95.
Difference and Disability in the Medieval Islamic World: Blighted Bodies. By Kristina L. Richardson
Authors: Rispler-Chaim Vardit
Published: June 2017

Difference and Disability in the Medieval Islamic World: Blighted Bodies. By Kristina L. Richardson. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. Pp. ix + 158. $110, £65 (cloth); $40, £24.99 (paper).
Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei, vol. 5: The Dissolution. Translated by David Tod Roy
Authors: Sibau Maria Franca
Published: June 2017

The Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei, vol. 5: The Dissolution. Translated by David Tod Roy. Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013. Pp. lxviii + 556. $39.95.
Altakkadisches Elementarbuch. By Francis Breyer
Authors: Foster Benjamin R.
Published: June 2017

Altakkadisches Elementarbuch. By Francis Breyer. SILO, vol. 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014. Pp. xiv + 263, illus. €28 (paper).
Pesher Naḥum: Texts and Studies in Jewish History from Antiquity through the Middle Ages Presented to Norman (Naḥum) Golb. Edited by Joel L. Kraemer and Michael G. Wechsler
Authors: Eliav Yaron Z.
Published: June 2017

Pesher Naḥum: Texts and Studies in Jewish History from Antiquity through the Middle Ages Presented to Norman (Naḥum) Golb. Edited by Joel L. Kraemer and Michael G. Wechsler. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, vol. 66. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2012. Pp. xxiv + 359 + 55*, plates. $49.95 (paper). [Distributed by The David Brown Book Co., Oakville, CT.]
ATIVIDADE E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Ferreira Antonio Leonan Alves
Published: June 2017

O presente texto tem por objetivo destacar as relações entre atividade e desenvolvimento humano, a fim de indicar contribuições para a investigação sobre a natureza dos conteúdos e das atividades de ensino na educação escolar e o desenvolvimento “integral” dos indivíduos. 
ENDIVIDAMENTO E QUALIDADE DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NAS COMPANHIAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Costa Filho José Claudio Brito , Viana Junior Dante Baiardo Cavalcante , Domingos Sylvia Rejane Magalhães , Ponte Vera Maria Rodrigues
Published: June 2017

A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral verificar a relação entre o endividamento e a qualidade da governança corporativa à luz da Teoria do Trade-off e Teoria do Pecking Order. Como proxies para endividamento utilizaram-se três tipos de dependência de capital: endividamento de curto prazo, endividamento de longo prazo e endividamento total. A qualidade da governança foi quantificada com base nos segmentos de listagem da BM&FBovespa. A amostra do estudo reuniu 162 companhias de sete dos setores de atuação definidos pela BM&FBovespa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, na qual foram realizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos de diferenças de médias e modelos econométricos compostos por regressões múltiplas. Nas duas metodologias adotadas, os resultados mostraram-se semelhantes, evidenciando, nas empresas da amostra, uma correlação negativa entre o endividamento e a qualidade da governança corporativa.
Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Grossman Daniel , Kinsey Elizabeth T.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Insights in the Women’s Health series discusses the first over-the-counter progestin-only oral contraceptive available in the US, including its effectiveness, mechanism of action, and accessibility.
Unemployment and Personal Income Loss After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Malhotra Armaan K. , Jaffe Rachael H. , Shakil Husain , Mathieu Francois , Nathens Avery B. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Diep Calvin , Yuan Eva Y. , Ladha Karim S. , Coyte Peter C. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Wodchis Walter P. , Witiw Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Employment and personal income loss after traumatic brain injury is a major source of postinjury stress and a barrier to societal reintegration. The magnitude of labor market ramifications following traumatic brain injury remains largely unknown.

Objectives

To quantify the 3-year postinjury labor market consequences following traumatic brain injury in Canada. To also estimate the incurred national labor market cost over the study period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective quasi-experimental, pan-Canadian observational cohort study used linked administrative health and federal taxation data obtained between 2007 and 2017. Mixed-effects difference-in-difference regressions were constructed to estimate the annualized magnitude of the personal income and employment loss during each of the 3 years following injury, respectively, relative to preinjury baseline. Participants included tax-filing adult (19 to 61 years old) traumatic brain injury survivors.

Exposure

Traumatic brain injury.

Main Outcome Measures

Coprimary outcomes were personal income loss and the proportion of newly unemployed individuals per annum. Secondary objectives were to quantify income and employment loss within mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury subgroups.

Results

A total of 18 050 patients with traumatic brain injury between 2007 and 2017 were identified (mean age, 38.0 [SD, 12.4] years; 13 360 male [74.0%]), each of whom was followed up with for 3 consecutive fiscal years. Mean income was CAD $42 600 (US $31 083) in the fiscal year prior to injury and 82% were employed at time of injury. The adjusted mean loss of personal income was CAD $7635 (US $5650) in the first year after injury (Y+1) and CAD $5000 (US $3700) in the third year after injury (Y+3) relative to uninjured controls. In each of the 3 postinjury years, 7.8% individuals were newly unemployed compared with the preinjury baseline. The adjusted average personal income loss for mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury subgroups were CAD $3354 (US $2482), CAD $6750 (US $4995), and CAD $17 375 (US $12 859), respectively, at Y+3; the proportion of unemployed individuals increased by 5.8%, 9.2%, and 20% across the same groups at Y+3 after injury relative to preinjury baseline. The estimated total reduction in personal income aggregated over the 3 postinjury years for the affected participants was CAD $588 million (US $435 million).

Conclusions and Relevance

This work represents national cohort data quantifying the labor market implications of traumatic brain injury. These results may be used to inform economic evaluations and social service resource allocation.
Transformer‐based representation learning and multiple‐instance learning for cancer diagnosis exclusively from raw sequencing fragments of bisulfite‐treated plasma cell‐free DNA
Authors: Liu Jilei , Shen Hongru , Yang Yichen , Yang Meng , Zhang Qiang , Chen Kexin , Li Xiangchun
Published: October 2024

Early cancer diagnosis from bisulfite‐treated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragments requires tedious data analytical procedures. Here, we present a deep‐learning‐based approach for early cancer interception and diagnosis (DECIDIA) that can achieve accurate cancer diagnosis exclusively from bisulfite‐treated cfDNA sequencing fragments. DECIDIA relies on transformer‐based representation learning of DNA fragments and weakly supervised multiple‐instance learning for classification. We systematically evaluate the performance of DECIDIA for cancer diagnosis and cancer type prediction on a curated dataset of 5389 samples that consist of colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 1574), hepatocellular cell carcinoma (HCC; n = 1181), lung cancer (n = 654), and non‐cancer control (n = 1980). DECIDIA achieved an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.980 (95% CI, 0.976–0.984) in 10‐fold cross‐validation settings on the CRC dataset by differentiating cancer patients from cancer‐free controls, outperforming benchmarked methods that are based on methylation intensities. Noticeably, DECIDIA achieved an AUROC of 0.910 (95% CI, 0.896–0.924) on the externally independent HCC testing set in distinguishing HCC patients from cancer‐free controls, although there was no HCC data used in model development. In the settings of cancer‐type classification, we observed that DECIDIA achieved a micro‐average AUROC of 0.963 (95% CI, 0.960–0.966) and an overall accuracy of 82.8% (95% CI, 81.8–83.9). In addition, we distilled four sequence signatures from the raw sequencing reads that exhibited differential patterns in cancer versus control and among different cancer types. Our approach represents a new paradigm towards eliminating the tedious data analytical procedures for liquid biopsy that uses bisulfite‐treated cfDNA methylome.