bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debunking the Myth of “Not My Bad”: Sexual Images, Consent, and Online Host Responsibilities in Canada
Authors: Slane Andrea , Langlois Ganaele
Published: March 2018

Non-consensual distribution of intimate images has been a crime in Canada since 2015. This article argues that it is time to consider how online platforms, hosts, and fora that allow users to post sexual images either directly engage in criminal acts or incur responsibility to help suppress this illegal activity. Methods for holding businesses responsible for participating in promoting or facilitating this type of wrongdoing by users should vary according to the level of involvement and risk that attaches to a particular online business model. One method applies to businesses that specifically traffic in illegal materials; for these specific “revenge porn” businesses, we should impose direct liability, as we do in other contexts. Another method applies where the nature of the business places it at high risk for facilitating customer illegal activity and where the business profits from that wrongdoing and so faces disincentives to discourage it. The online amateur porn industry more generally falls into this category. In these cases, obligations to assist in rooting out the illegal behaviour of customers via a consent verification system is appropriate. A third method applies to all businesses that host user-generated content where unfettered user activity is less expensive than addressing complaints about content and, thus, constitutes a structural disincentive to respond. Here, mandated response to complaints about non-consensual pornography is appropriate. The article argues that while freedom of sexual expression, policies protecting intermediary immunity, and online anonymity are important and complicate solutions to this lucrative traffic in sexual images, finding principled solutions is not impossible.
Long-term condition management in adults with intellectual disability in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Hanlon Peter , MacDonald Sara , Wood Karen , Allan Linda , Cooper Sally-Ann
Published: March 2018

Background

Adults with intellectual disabilities have higher morbidity and earlier mortality than the general population. Access to primary health care is lower, despite a higher prevalence of many long-term conditions.

Aim

To synthesise the evidence for the management of long-term conditions in adults with intellectual disabilities and identify barriers and facilitators to management in primary care.

Design & setting

Mixed-methods systematic review.

Method

Seven electronic databases were searched to identify both quantitative and qualitative studies concerning identification and management of long-term conditions in adults with intellectual disability in primary care. Both the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, and the quality assessment were carried out in duplicate. Findings were combined in a narrative synthesis.

Results

Fifty-two studies were identified. Adults with intellectual disabilities are less likely than the general population to receive screening and health promotion interventions. Annual health checks may improve screening, identification of health needs, and management of long-term conditions. Health checks have been implemented in various primary care contexts, but the long-term impact on outcomes has not been investigated. Qualitative findings highlighted barriers and facilitators to primary care access, communication, and disease management. Accounts of experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities reveal a dilemma between promoting self-care and ensuring access to services, while avoiding paternalistic care.

Conclusion

Adults with intellectual disabilities face numerous barriers to managing long-term conditions. Reasonable adjustments, based on the experience of adults with intellectual disability, in addition to intervention such as health checks, may improve access and management, but longer-term evaluation of their effectiveness is required.
Fast-to-Alfvén Mode Conversion in the Presence of Ambipolar Diffusion
Authors: Cally Paul S. , Khomenko Elena
Published: March 2018

It is known that fast magnetohydrodynamic waves partially convert to upward and/or downward propagating Alfvén waves in a stratified atmosphere where Alfvén speed increases with height. This happens around the fast wave reflection height, where the fast wave’s horizontal phase speed equals the Alfvén speed (in a low-β plasma). Typically, this takes place in the mid to upper solar chromosphere for low-frequency waves in the few-millihertz band. However, this region is weakly ionized and thus susceptible to nonideal MHD processes. In this article, we explore how ambipolar diffusion in a zero-β plasma affects fast waves injected from below. Classical ambipolar diffusion is far too weak to have any significant influence at these low frequencies, but if enhanced by turbulence (in the quiet-Sun chromosphere but not in sunspot umbrae) or the production of sufficiently small-scale structure, can substantially absorb waves for turbulent ambipolar Reynolds numbers of around 20 or less. In that case, it is found that the mode conversion process is not qualitatively altered from the ideal case, though conversion to Alfvén waves is reduced because the fast wave flux reaching the conversion region is degraded. It is also found that any upward propagating Alfvén waves generated in this process are almost immune to further ambipolar attenuation, thereby reducing local ambipolar heating compared to cases without mode conversion. In that sense, mode conversion provides a form of “Alfvén cooling.”
Antiviral Effect of 25-Hydroxycholesterol against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus in vitro
Authors: Dong Hong , Zhou Lei , Ge Xinna , Guo Xin , Han Jun , Yang Hanchun
Published: March 2018

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that causes economically huge losses to the pig industry worldwide. Current control of PRRSV infection remains inadequate although various means have been implemented. Thus, investigating novel antiviral therapeutics to combat PRRSV infection is essential. In the present study, the antiviral effect in vitro of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) against PRRSV was investigated.

Methods

Cell viability assay was performed to examine the impact of 25HC on the cell viability. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and virus titration were utilized to evaluate the levels of PRRSV growth. Viral attachment assay, penetration assay and release assay were conducted to investigate the antiviral mechanism of 25HC against PRRSV. Real-time RT-PCR assay was used to analyse the effect of 25HC on the genome synthesis of PRRSV.

Results

We demonstrated that the growth of PRRSV was significantly inhibited in 25HC-pretreated cells and PRRSV-infected cells by 25HC. Moreover, 25HC could impair the attachment and entry of PRRSV in vitro, but not affect viral genome synthesis and virion release.

Conclusions

Our findings clearly indicate that 25HC can exert antiviral effect against PRRSV infection in vitro, suggesting that 25HC might be a novel potential agent to control PRRSV infection.
Une fonderie d’aluminium au marché de Katako, Niamey, Niger
Authors: Triboulet Lucas
Published: March 2018

Fruit d’un carnet de voyage, ce reportage tout en images invite à découvrir une métallurgie de l’aluminium en Afrique sub-saharienne. C’est au détour d’un marché de Niamey au Niger que l’auteur fait une rencontre inattendue ; dans l’arrière-cour de boutiques dédiées à des ustensiles divers et variés, il découvre une fonderie d’aluminium, installation sommaire qui produit des chaudrons en aluminium, ces fameuses cocottes, pour la demande locale. Avec un regard quasi ethnographique, Lucas Triboulet décrit avec précision les outils et les techniques à l’œuvre, tout en décomposant les différentes étapes de production. Son récit illustre comment le métal léger, synonyme de modernité, s’est adapté aux pratiques ancestrales portés par les forgerons africains. Au-delà d’une valorisation d’un patrimoine technique « vivant », il permet d’éclairer les problématiques du développement local dans la perspective de la durabilité. Cette production, qui répond à un besoin sociétal et qui crée de la richesse sur le territoire, s’appuie en effet sur la collecte de déchets et leur recyclage. L’économie circulaire, aujourd’hui au cœur des préoccupations des grandes entreprises de production d’aluminium, est ainsi depuis longtemps expérimentée sur les terres africaines.
Entre motivation et mobilisation, parcours d’enfants-soldats russo-soviétiques en guerres mondiales
Authors: Kucherenko Olga
Published: March 2018

Cet article offre une analyse comparative du phénomène des enfants-soldats sur le front oriental des deux guerres mondiales. Il tend à démontrer que la participation d’enfants aux hostilités était relativement importante mais qu’il serait erroné de les qualifier de victimes. En effet, nombre d’entre eux prirent les armes de manière volontaire pour diverses raisons, notamment d’ordre idéologique, bien que leur utilisation fût limitée aux objectifs militaires. Tout en révélant leurs motivations à prendre part au combat, cet article s’intéresse aux divers chemins que les enfants empruntaient pour arriver au front, leurs vies quotidiennes sur la ligne de front et leur utilisation à des fins militaires.
Den’ Pobedy ... ou Le Jour de la Victoire . Brève histoire des jeunes Espagnols combattants en URSS (1941-1945)
Authors: Sierra Blas Verónica
Published: March 2018

L’Union soviétique fut un des pays alliés du gouvernement républicain espagnol lors de la guerre civile. Staline envoya des troupes, des armes, des vivres et du matériel sanitaire en Espagne et accepta l’arrivée des 2 895 enfants évacués entre 1937 et 1938 afin de les protéger de la guerre. Le gouvernement républicain et le régime soviétique envisageaient tous deux leur éloignement comme provisoire, mais la victoire de Franco et le début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale signifièrent que leur évacuation devint un exil permanent pour la majorité d’entre eux. Quand Hitler envahit l’Union soviétique en juin 1941, la majorité des enfants (désormais adolescents) s’engagèrent dans l’effort de guerre, soit en apportant de l’aide à l’arrière, soit en combattant sur la ligne de front. Combattre auprès des Soviétiques fut non seulement un moyen pour ces jeunes Espagnols d’exprimer leur gratitude pour l’accueil et les soins reçus, mais aussi la meilleure démonstration de ce que devait être leur destinée : continuer la lutte contre le fascisme d’abord entreprise par leurs familles en Espagne. Cet article relate leurs histoires en se fondant sur les carnets, lettres, mémoires et autobiographies rédigés avant, pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Jeunes collaborateurs durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : quelles réponses à quelles transgressions ? (Belgique, 1944-1947)
Authors: François Aurore
Published: March 2018

Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et l’occupation de la Belgique par ­l’Allemagne, plusieurs milliers de jeunes Belges se sont engagés dans des activités pro-allemandes, principalement via des mouvements de jeunesse collaborationnistes, amenant certains à commettre des faits graves de trahison ou de dénonciation. Au lendemain de la Libération, lorsque l’État belge s’est emparé de la délicate question de la répression de l’incivisme, le sort des enfants et des jeunes collaborateurs a été réglé principalement par les tribunaux pour enfants, qui ont inscrit cette nouvelle mission en cohérence avec l’objectif de traiter et rééduquer la jeunesse délinquante. Croisant les déclarations politiques, les discours des praticiens et les dossiers des tribunaux, cette contribution démontre comment les tribunaux pour enfants ont privilégié à l’égard des jeunes inciviques une option de réinsertion, en accord avec le projet d’épuration des adultes et en dépit parfois de l’incompréhension que ce projet suscitait dans la population. L’engagement antipatriotique des jeunes, qui souvent ont marché dans les pas de leurs parents, sera peu questionné et les idées pro-allemandes de leurs parents ne seront pas perçues comme un obstacle éducationnel majeur, mais bien comme une carence passagère et surmontable.
Pour en finir avec la moralisation de la question migratoire
Authors: Streiff-Fénart Jocelyne
Published: March 2018

La gouvernance des migrations s’accompagne d’une mise en sens des actions de contrôle des migrations destinée à masquer la dimension politique des choix effectués et de leurs conséquences dans une production lexicale moralisatrice. Jocelyne Streiff-Fénart déconstruit les inventions terminologiques et les catégories utilisées par les instances de contrôle des migrations et en appelle à une sortie par le politique avec l’instauration de la libre circulation.
Sortir librement de son pays, entrer librement en Europe : arguments du débat
Authors: Morice Alain
Published: March 2018

La liberté de circulation n’a pas bonne presse : accusée de tous les maux, elle est au mieux considérée comme une option utopique. Pourtant, nous rappelle Alain Morice, beaucoup d’arguments plaident en sa faveur si l’on fait le décompte des impasses de la politique restrictive des migrations et de leurs conséquences dramatiques. Il nous propose ici une revue de détail des arguments du débat.
L’accord UE-Turquie et les hotspots grecs : les sales arrangements de l’Europe forteresse
Authors: Rodier Claire
Published: March 2018

Alors que la Turquie est devenue l’un des principaux points de passage vers l’UE avec la Libye, les instances européennes ont négocié un accord visant à bloquer les passages vers l’Europe et à « réadmettre » des migrants repoussés du territoire européen. Claire Rodier avance que non seulement les termes de l’accord déconsidèrent le Conseil européen, mais qu’ils criminalisent les migrants et transforment les structures d’accueil en véritables prisons, ce qui disqualifie littéralement le droit d’asile.
Violences de genre et « crise » des réfugié·e·s en Europe
Authors: Freedman Jane
Published: March 2018

En 2015 plus d’un million de réfugié·e·s sont arrivé·e·s en Europe, fuyant des guerres, des conflits et des violences dans leurs pays d’origine. Le nombre d’arrivées actuelles dans l’Union européenne a diminué, mais il y en a toujours des milliers de personnes qui tentent chaque jour de rejoindre l’Europe, et des milliers qui périssent en mer en essayant d’y arriver 1 . Cette augmentation du nombre de réfugié·e·s arrivant en Europe depuis quelques années a mené certains à parler d’une « crise » des réfugié·e·s ou une « crise » migratoire. Mais nous pourrions plutôt décrire une « crise » des politiques de l’Union européenne en ce que les instances de décisions politiques tant au niveau régional qu’au niveau national n’ont pas réussi à trouver une solution permettant d’offrir une protection adéquate à ces personnes cherchant refuge 2 . La notion de « crise » a été évoquée par des dirigeants politiques pour justifier et légitimer un contrôle des frontières encore plus accru, et dans certains cas des fermetures complètes des frontières sur les routes des réfugié·e·s. Justifiés par la nécessité d’assurer la « sécurité » des pays et des populations européennes, ces contrôles ont des impacts extrêmement négatifs sur la sécurité des personnes qui essayent de trouver une protection en Europe, avec des conséquences particulièrement importantes pour les femmes réfugiées, et un impact sur les expériences de violences vécues par ces femmes.
Tactiques de la mobilité migratoire. S’affranchir du « vrai » et du « faux »
Authors: Veron Daniel
Published: March 2018

Que peuvent avoir en commun ces sans-papiers malien·ne·s, sénégalais·es ou mauritanien·ne·s rencontré·e·s à Paris pour qui le « purgatoire de la clandestinité 1  » est une étape connue et anticipée, ces Sénégalais·es mourides croisé·e·s à Buenos Aires qui oscillent entre le Brésil et l’Argentine au gré des opportunités de régularisation, ou encore ces migrant·e·s mexicain·e·s côtoyé·e·s à Montréal et s’étant vu·e·s notifier l’obligation de quitter le Canada après le rejet de leur demande d’asile 2  ? Toutes et tous se débattent, de près ou de loin, à des degrés différents, et au cours de trajectoires migratoires diverses, contre l’illégitimité – et donc très souvent l’illégalité – de leur mobilité. Dès lors, elles et ils composent, bricolent ou s’organisent tant bien que mal face aux dispositifs de « l’institution frontière 3  », en cherchant à en contourner les rigidités afin de pénétrer sur des territoires ou s’y maintenir.
Une expérience urbaine de l’exil à Berlin : entre contraintes et stratégies de contournement
Authors: Dippel Anika
Published: March 2018

En suivant Rami, un réfugié irakien arrivé à Berlin au printemps 2015, Anika Dippel met en évidence le lien entre épreuves administratives, parcours urbain et trajectoires individuelles. Attentive aux contournements discrets du système d’hébergement des demandeur·se·s d’asile et des réfugié·e·s à Berlin, elle analyse les réponses possibles aux contraintes imposées par les institutions administrant les exilé·e·s et les relogements successifs dans la capitale allemande et sa région. Elle montre ainsi comment s’émanciper de la « condition réfugiée » passe aussi par des pratiques urbaines ordinaires et les formes spécifiques d’identification qui en découlent.
Réfugié·e·s érythréen·ne·s dans le monde arabe. Archéologie d’un long exode
Authors: Thiollet Hélène
Published: March 2018

Les demandeurs·euses d’asile érythréen·ne·s se sont récemment invité·e·s dans l’actualité européenne. Alors qu’ils étaient plutôt auparavant très peu nombreux·euses, ils représentent la deuxième nationalité de demandeurs·euses d’asile en Europe depuis 2015. Pourtant, la majorité des réfugié·e·s est au Soudan, en Ethiopie, dans le monde arabe qui hébergent les Erythréen·ne·s comme depuis les années soixante. Ils étaient 165 500 en Ethiopie fin 2015, 103 200 au Soudan et 27 000 pour Israël selon le HCR, à côté de 30 000 environ pour l’Allemagne et 26 000 environ pour la Suisse ou la Suède. Au-delà des statistiques, c’est la mort de centaines d’Ethiopien·ne·s, Erythréen·ne·s, Somalien·ne·s et Djiboutien·ne·s à proximité des rivages de l’Europe du Sud ces dernières années qui a attiré l’attention des médias et de la sphère politique vers des zones jusque-là considérées comme marginales, voire totalement extérieures aux champs migratoires européens.
Le long été de Vintimille : auto-organisation et criminalisation de la solidarité à la frontière franco-italienne
Authors: Barone Anastasia
Published: March 2018

Vintimille, 4 août 2016 : 300 migrant·e·s quittent le centre de la Croix rouge et marchent en direction de la frontière entre l’Italie et la France. La réaction des forces de l’ordre ne se laisse pas attendre et la journée fait la une des journaux pour les affrontements qui s’ensuivent. Le lendemain le Corriere della Sera relaie la déclaration de la police : « Sans aucun doute la manifestation des migrants a été organisée par les No borders » 2 . Cet épisode met en évidence certains des éléments qui ont caractérisé ce qu’Anastasia Barone appelle « le long été de Vintimille », lors duquel ont eu lieu des formes inédites d’auto-organisation des personnes réfugiées. L’article revient sur ces longues périodes de mobilisation qui ont associé des migrants, des activistes et des personnes solidaires dans des nouvelles formes d’alliance, ainsi que sur les nouvelles formes de répression et de criminalisation des migrants et des personnes solidaires qu’elles ont suscitées.
Défendre la liberté de circulation
Authors: Lochak Danièle , Andro Armelle , Mazouz Sarah , Simon Patrick
Published: March 2018

Danielle Lochak, est juriste. Professeure émérite à l’université Paris Ouest-Nanterre, elle a dirigé pendant plusieurs années le master « Droits de l’homme ». Militante associative engagée, elle a été présidente du Gisti (Groupe d’information et de soutien des immigrés) de 1985 à 2000 et vice-présidente de la Ligue des droits de l’Homme. Longtemps précurseure dans le champ du droit des étrangers, elle en est aujourd’hui une référence incontournable. Dans cet entretien elle revient sur son parcours et sur l’articulation entre travail académique et action militante. Elle a notamment publié Etrangers de quels droits ? (PUF, 1985) et Immigrés sous contrôle . (Le Cavalier Bleu, 2007).
Experimental Investigation on Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Kathmandu Clay
Authors: Dahal Bhim Kumar , Zheng Jun Jie , Zhang Rong Jun
Published: March 2018

Deformation due to load from the construction of infrastructure in soft ground is high and sometimes also becomes problematic. There are various techniques to strengthen the ground among which, the most suitable and commonly used method is chemical stabilization using cement. This method is fast and cement is relatively cheap, abundant and efficient. This research is focused on the study of improvement on physical and mechanical properties of cement mixed clay. Soil sample from Kathmandu, Nepal is taken for the laboratory investigations. The soil is reconstituted by using Ordinary Portland Cement of 5%, 10%, and 15% by its mass. The study revealed that physical and mechanical characteristics of cemented clay are greatly improved for engineering purposes. The specific gravity of all samples are linearly vary with cement content. Similarly, the liquid limit and plastic limit of clay are increased with increased cement content. However, hydraulic conductivity of the soils is decreased with the increase in cement content i.e. reduction is almost 7.5 times when cement increases from 5% to 15%. Finally, cohesion is increased from 3.23 kPa to 67.89 kPa in contrast to friction component which is decreased from 19.58° to 18.56°. Therefore, shear strength of clay is improved due to improvement on cohesion property of clay because of the reduction in the thickness of the diffused doubled-layer of adsorbed water.
Behavior of CFST-RC Pier under Different Ground Motions
Authors: Yadav Raghabendra , Chen Bao Chun , Yuan Hui Hui , Lian Zhi Bin
Published: March 2018

The dynamic testing of large-scale structures continues to play a significant role in earthquake engineering research. The pseudo- dynamic test (PDT) is an experimental technique for simulating the earthquake response of structures and structural components in time domain. A CFST-RC pier is a modified form of CFST laced column in which CFST members are connected with RC web in longitudinal direction and with steel tube in transverse direction. For this study, a CFST -RC pier is tested under three different earthquake time histories having scaled PGA of 0.05g. From the experiment acceleration, velocity, displacement and load time histories are observed. The dynamic magnification factors for acceleration due to Chamoli, Gorkha and Wenchuan ground motions are observed as 12, 10 and 10 respectively. The frequency of the pier is found to be 1.42 Hz. The result shows that this type of pier has excellent static and earthquake resistant properties.
Preparation and Characterization of Silica Gel from Bagasse Ash
Authors: Channoy Chanchira , Maneewan Somchai , Punlek Chantana , Chirarattananon Surapong
Published: March 2018

Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural waste that is potentially used as natural silica resources. Natural silica claimed to be safe in handing, cheap and can be generate from cheap resource. In the objectives of this study were to prepared silica from Sugarcane bagasse. The preparation of Sugarcane bagasse ash by burning at 700 °C for 4 and 6 h, respectively in atmosphere. The result of X-ray florescent: XRF, silica content which was obtained after heat treatment at 700 °C for 6 h was 80.814 wt%. Bagasse ash was purified by alkaline extraction method with 1.5, 2 and 2.5 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH), respectively. And refluxed by using concentrated 2 N sulfuric acid. From X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the obtained products were amorphous silica, 2.5 N sodium hydroxide. The morphology was observed by SEM, sphere and average particles dimension of synthesis silica with 1.5, 2 and 2.5 N NaOH are 120, 100 and 80 nm respectively. The SEM micrographs showed that the Concentration of NaOH was increased, the particles dimension decreased
Molybdenum Oxide Particles Doped in Hole Transport Layer to Enhance the Efficiency of Flexible Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ou Cheng Fang , Hsieh Ming Chu
Published: March 2018

Five PEDOT:PSS:MoO3 volume ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5) hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) were prepared by solution processed method. The cell structure was PET/ITO/PEDOT:PSS:MoO3/P3HT:PCBM/Ca/Al. We investigated the effect of MoO3 added into the traditional PEDOT:PSS hole transfer layer on the photovoltaic performance. From these results, we found that the short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency PCE of the cells with MoO3 are always higher than those of cell without MoO3.The short-circuit current density, fill factor and power conversion efficiency of cells increased with increasing MoO3 volume ratio from 1:1 to 1:3 and then decreased slightly when the volume ratio increased to 1:4 and 1:5. The cell with 1:3 volume ratio exhibited the highest Jsc of 9.41 mA/cm2, an increase of 22%, and the highest PCE of 2.74%, an increase of 39%, compared to the controlled cell using PEDOT:PSS layer. The addition of MoO3 increased the probability of exciton dissociation due to its high hole mobility, thereby enhancing the Jsc and FF.
Cellulose Hydrolysis by Acidic Ionic Liquids Enhanced with Microwave Heating
Authors: Ma Hai Yun , Zhao Zhi Ping , Lu Peng
Published: March 2018

The hydrolysis of cellulose into platform compounds and chemicals fuels has gained much attention to relieve the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. The filter paper (FP) cellulose with average degree of polymerization (DP) of 1000-1300 was dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) firstly. And then acidic ionic liquids (ILs), ([(CH2)3SO3HVIm]HSO4) as the catalyst was applied to hydrolyze the FP cellulose by microwave heating. Compared with the oil bath heating method, microwave heating could effectively increase the total reducing sugars (TRS) yield about 10.7%. When the ratio of ILs catalyst to FP (w/w) was 0.167, and the ratio of deionized water to FP (w/w) was 0.833, the TRS yield was up to 60.8% within 20 min at 100°C.
Calculation and Analysis on the Soft Soil Foundation Settlement with Elastic-Visco-Plasticity (EVP) Model
Authors: Guo Jing Rui , Zheng Xian Chang , Zhang Ji Qing , Zhao Zhi Meng
Published: March 2018

The EVP model is an available method to apply to the vertical settlement of soft soil consolidation calculation and analysis. Compared with Visco-Plasticity model, it shows more consistent with the actual stress conditions of the soil. In this paper, We have extracted soil samples in BinHai garden for assay. Then through the comparison with calculating results and a long-time engineering monitoring in BinHai garden soft soil area, a feasibility EVP model study on the vertical settlement in soft soil area is peoposed. Further a consequent sedimentation forecast was made according with the EVP model calculation. In the end, the settlement influence from creep was analyzed through one-dimensional consolidation theory.
Study on Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)
Authors: Jaafar E. , Kashif Muhammad , Sahari S.K. , Ngaini Z.
Published: March 2018

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized via chemical method (improved method) and reduced grapheneoxide(rGO) using thermal treatment. The GO and rGO thin films were coated on a glass substrate by using drop casting method. The GO and rGO thin film were characterized by scanningelectronmicroscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to make sure the morphological and optical characteristics of the thin film. In addition, the electrical studies were performed by current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. The rGO thin film displays higher conductivity in comparison with GO which is 4.12 x 10-5S/cm, and also affected the morphological (SEM) and optical properties (FTIR). Morphological and optical data confirms that rGO losses the oxygen groups compare to GO.
Assessment of Bulk Mechanical Properties of HDPE Hybrid Composite Filled with 1D/2D Nanofiller System
Authors: Dhar Badgayan Nitesh , Kumar Sahu Santosh , Samanta Sutanu , Rama Sreekanth Pattela Srinivasa
Published: March 2018

Current work reports on evaluation of bulk mechanical properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with functionalized 1D (Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes- (MWCNTs) and 2D (hexagonal-Boron Nitride Nanoplatelets-(h-BNNPs) fillers. Mechanical mixing and injection moulding technique was used to prepare the composites. Evaluation of bulk mechanical properties like hardness, yield stress, fracture stress, impact toughness and Young`s modulus was carried out. The optimum properties were exhibited by HDPE/0.25 MWCNT/0.1 BNNP. Hardness, yield stress, fracture stress, impact toughness and Young`s modulus was observed to increase by 93.84, 80.83, 59.23, 115 and 42.05% on comparison with pure HDPE. TEM images confirm the tubular and hexagonal morphology of MWCNT and h-BNNP. It is concluded from test results that addition of MWCNT and h-BNNP into HDPE has improvised mechanical properties.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanostructured Alumina Supports for CO Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Krivoshapkina Elena , Krivoshapkin Pavel , Vedyagin Aleksey
Published: March 2018

In present work, a new technique to prepare alumina nanoparticles and nanofibers using a sol-gel method was proposed. A solution combustion method was applied to form a nanostructured catalytically active layer of CuO–Co3O4–CeO2 on the surface of the alumina. The uniform distribution and fine dispersion of active components provide the appropriate activity of the catalysts obtained in a model reaction of CO oxidation. The morphology of nanostructured alumina was found to affect the catalytic behavior. Carbon monoxide conversion was observed at lower temperatures when alumina nanofibers were used as a catalyst support.
Study of Photodegradation of Methylene Blue by Microbial Synthesized ZnS Material
Authors: Li Yi Bin , Gu Qi Yuan , Liu Xing Yu , Zhang Ming Jiang
Published: March 2018

The microbial synthesized ZnS obtained from a pilot-scale sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) fixed bed reactor was investigated as photocatalyst. The SRB fixed bed reactor as used to treat the Zinc containing wastewater with the influent concentration of 200~300 mg Zn/L. The microbial synthesized ZnS was used as photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. The results indicated that the photodegradation process could be promoted when the dosage of microbial synthesized ZnS increased. High initial MB concentration could promote the photodegradation reaction. The excellent performance of microbial synthesized ZnS in photodegradation could be explained as the formation of ZnS nanoparticles. The photodegradation with microbial synthesized ZnS were simulated by pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The apparent first-order rate constant of the ZnS catalyst was 0.15 min-1.
Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Sulfate and Copper Oxide Embedded on Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Pulutan Marty Lorgino D. , Garcia Maria Carmela T. , Herrera Marvin U.
Published: March 2018

CuSO4-deposited and CuO-deposited polyurethane foam (PUF) were fabricated in this study. Image analysis showed color transformation of the PUF from yellow to blue-green, which is indicative of the deposited CuSO4 particles on the substrate. Further color transformation of the material from blue-green to greenish-brown after soaking in NaOH suggest that the CuSO4 oxidized to form CuO, which was confirmed by the presence of CuO peaks during XRD analysis. SEM images also reveal the presence of CuO rods embedded in the PUF. The antibacterial activities of the CuSO4- and CuO-deposited samples against the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria were conducted.
Influence of Heating Friction Stir Spot Welding Process Parameters on Steel Aluminum Forming Quality
Authors: Xu Kai , Zhang Shu Quan
Published: March 2018

A lap welding experiment of DP590 steel and 6061 aluminum plate is carried out by using Heating Friction Stir Spot Welding (HFSSW) to study the influence of welding parameters on the forming quality. The results show that a lap joint with better forming can be obtained for the dissimilar metal of steel and aluminum. Under the condition that the rotating speed of the stirring tool is 1000r/min, the penetration depth, 0.2mm, the dwell time, 90s, the welding pressure, 0.2Mp, and the flow rate of cooling air, 20L/min, the forming quality of the surface of the joint line is good & bright, and the exit hole is also smaller. The mechanism of heat production is revealed in the following: the main heat is produced by the friction between the stirring tool shoulder and the welded part & between the probe and the welded part as well as by the latent heat resulted from the plastic deformation of the material in joint line during welding.
Comparative Study on Energy Saving of Low-Carbon Materials in Sanitary Ware Development
Authors: Wang Xi Yuan
Published: March 2018

In this article, the author deeply analyzed and researched the production of wollastonite base-material sanitary ware, emphatically discussed molding method of wollastonite base-material, and established a calculation formula for whole production phase carbon emission and carbon tax of wollastonite base-material sanitary ware and common ceramic sanitary ware; made a comprehensive compare on environmental performance between common ceramic and wollastonite base-material sanitary wares, and clearly put forward the advantage on carbon emission of wollastonite base-material during production process; made a comparative research on energy consumption and carbon emission between traditional ceramic sanitary ware and low-carbon sanitary ware; finally verified the application value of low-carbon sanitary ware and provided the basis for development of it.
Roles of Calcium in Geopolymer Containing Paper Mill Sludge Ash
Authors: Rahman Norbaizurah , Kusbiantoro Andri , Mamat Nabilah , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri
Published: March 2018

High amount of calcium oxide (CaO) in source material is known to positively influence the mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymer. This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of paper mill sludge ash (PMSA) to partially replace fly ash in geopolymer mortar based on its degree of reaction. Fly ash was activated by a combination of sodium silicate solution and 6 M sodium hydroxide solution. The mixtures were designed to replace fly ash content with PMSA at 5%, 10% and 15% (by weight of fly ash). To observe its effect on the mechanical strength, the specimens were cured in three different temperatures, which are 30°C, 60°C and 90°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the hardened specimens were demoulded and placed at room temperature until the testing days. Measurement on fresh geopolymer properties was conducted with setting time and flowability tests, while degree of reaction tests was conducted on the hardened specimen. Based on the results, 5% PMSA demonstrated superior degree of reaction than other mixtures, particularly at higher curing temperature.
Preliminary Experimental Investigation on the Strength and Air Permeability of Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Bektimirova Umut , Tleuken Aidana , Satekenova Elnara , Shon Chang Seon , Zhang Di Chuan , Kim Jong
Published: March 2018

A new reinforced concrete foundation system is being proposed to store renewable energy through the compressed air energy storage technology. For this application, the concrete is required to resist considerable tensile strength and to have low air permeability, which is not observed in normal concrete. Therefore, this paper is proposing to use reactive powder concrete for the suggested foundation system. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is obtained by introducing either micro-cementitious materials like silica fume or fine powders like crushed quartz into the concrete mixture from where coarse aggregates had been removed. RPC has low water content and dense particle packing which lead to high strength and low air permeability characteristics. This paper conducts preliminary experimental investigations on the strength and air permeability of the RPC. Two important mix design parameters are studied including water-to-binder ratio ad silica fume content. Preliminary correlations between mix design parameters and strength/air permeability are developed. From the preliminary test results, it is concluded that the reactive powder concrete has potential to meet the high strength and low air permeability requirements, and is suitable for the proposed energy storage foundation system.
Mechanical Characterization of a Thick-Walled Viscoelastic Hollow Cylinder under Multiaxial Stress Conditions
Authors: Jithin A.J. , Jung Dong Won , Lakshmi Radha R. , Sanal Kumar V.R.
Published: March 2018

A brief review of the mechanical characterization of viscoelastic materials under uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial stress condition is carried out in this paper. Parametric analytical studies have been done in a simulated tubular specimen with different internal pressure loadings at various material properties. We observed that the relaxation modulus values obtained from the thick-walled hollow cylinder analyses are higher that the traditional uniaxial and biaxial test data under the same strain level. We noticed that during the initial period, the relaxation-modulus values are almost identical and later the relaxation modulus obtained from the thick-walled hollow cylinder analysis is found significantly higher than the uniaxial and the strip biaxial test data. We conjectured that in the initial stage the stress–strain ratios are almost independent of the geometry of the test specimen and subsequently the stress conditions vary according to the shape of the specimen because the relaxation modulus is found geometry dependent when loading time advances. Note that the main objective of this characterization is not to determine the magnitude of the stress actually present in the test specimen, but to help the designer to decide the best geometry in a realistic way according to the industrial applications from the viscoelastic stress relaxation point of view.
Properties of Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete with Quadruple Cementitious Mixture Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Sharafutdinov Eldar , Abdigaliyev Arman , Sheriye Almas , Zhang Di Chuan , Shon Chang Seon
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete (AC) with quadruple cementitious mixture containing silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the basis of Response Surface Method (RSM). Compressive strength and porosity for 9 different mixtures have been determined and the prediction models for these properties have been developed using regression analyses. The combination of 5% SF and 20% GGBFS was found to be useful for strength development and reduction of porosity in the AC.
Heat Treated Luffa - PLA Composites: Effect of Cyclic Moisture Absorption and Desorption on the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kakar Akshay , Jayamani Elammaran , bin Bakri Muhammad Khusairy , Heng Soon Kok
Published: March 2018

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of cyclic hot and cold water absorption and desorption on the flexural and impact strengths of luffa – PLA biocomposites. PLA was reinforced with heat treated luffa fibers with the fiber loadings: 5 vol.%, 10 vol.%, 15 vol.% and 20 vol.%. Based on the test results the biocomposite with the highest flexural and impact strengths was selected for water absorption and desorption cycles. The biocomposites were subjected to 56 cycles of hot and cold water absorption and desorption. The biocomposites were tested for their strengths after every 14 cycles. The absorption and desorption decreased the flexural and impact strengths, affecting the impact strength more than the flexural strength.
Novel Approach for the Determination of the Taylor-Quinney Coefficient
Authors: Härtel Sebastian , Graf Marcel , Awiszus Birgit , Abstoss Kevin Gordon , Hild Rafael
Published: March 2018

Within this study, a new method for the determination of the Taylor-Quinney coefficient is presented. The coefficient was identified by measuring the force-displacement-behavior as well as the temperature change resulting from an adiabatic compression test. In order to deduce the global temperature increasing of the specimen from the local measured temperature a suitable specimen geometry was designed with the use of numerical simulation. The resulting specimen allows a friction-free compression and therefore precludes a temperature increase through friction. Finally, the Taylor-Quinney coefficient of C35 steel (1.0501) was experimentally determined in the initial state as well as after a heat treatment.
Modelling of Cooling and Recrystallization Kinetics during Self-Annealing of Aluminium Coils
Authors: Nam Alexander , Yashin Vasiliy , Aryshenskii Evgenii , Zinoviev Alexander V. , Kawalla Rudolf
Published: March 2018

Study proposes a coil temperature model for aluminium alloys. The mathematical model is based on the 3D finite element method, which is implemented in MATLAB® using object-oriented programming approach. Owing to the used approach, several cooling steps of the coil can be performed including the coil transport and cooling in the storage area after the hot rolling. Individual cooling phases feature specific boundary conditions and time segments. The coefficients for the boundary conditions of the specific cooling phase were determined using parameter identification strategy. Furthermore, the temperature distribution of coil is used for the calculation the static recrystallization and grain size during coil cooling. The temperature model was validated within sufficient accuracy for each cooling phase using experimental data of the coil cooling after the conventional hot rolling at the Arconic’s plant in Samara, Russia.
Application and Research Twin Roll Casting-Extruding Process for Production Longish Deformed Semi-Finished Products from Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Sidelnikov Sergey , Galiev Roman , Bersenev Andrey , Voroshilov Denis
Published: March 2018

At present, Russia is actively developing methods of combined treatment of aluminum alloys, one of which is the method of twin roll casting-extruding. It is very suitable for processing aluminum alloys having a relatively low melting point. The method consists in pouring a melt into the rotating rolls, crystallizing it on the roll surfaces, rolling with a predetermined reduction amount, pressing out in front of the die and squeezing out the product of the predetermined configuration and dimensions through it with drawing ratio in the range of values 10-40. Analysis of technical and economic indicators showed that this method has a number of advantages in comparison with traditional technologies of semicontinuous extruding and continuous casting-rolling. So the output of a good metal at high production volumes can reach 95-97% at a productivity of up to 3-4 tons per hour. In addition, it is possible to quickly move from one profile size to another by changing the matrix. The authors proposed and patented various designs and methods for producing solid and hollow press products from non-ferrous alloys. On their basis, laboratory and pilot-industrial units for combined processing have been created, on which experimental studies have been carried out to obtain long-dimensioned deformed semi-finished products from aluminum alloys series 5xxx, 6xxx, 8xxx and others. The energy-power parameters of the process are determined and found that they are significantly smaller in comparison with traditional technologies (in 10-50 times). Investigations of the mechanical characteristics of press products have been carried out, which showed that when implementing such a treatment scheme, even when producing extruded products from low-plastic alloys, they have a high level of plastic and strength properties. Developed technologies based on the method twin roll casting-extruding now are tested in a laboratory of combined treatment methods in School of Non-ferrous Metals and Material Science in Siberian federal university and industrial conditions of a number of metallurgical plants.
Evolution of the Microstructure of the Copper Alloy (DIN-ECu-57) in the Deformation Zone in the Process of Pressing Conform
Authors: Zinoviev Alexander V. , Koshmin Alexander N. , Chasnikov Alexander Y.
Published: March 2018

The process of continuous extrusion Conform, relating to modern energy-efficient metalworking technologies, is now widespread in the production of hollow and solid long-cut profiles of various cross-sections made of aluminum and copper alloys. However, in questions relating to the metal flow pattern and the formation of microstructure and mechanical properties, directly at the deformation zone, it has not studied sufficiently [1].
The work aimed at studying the nature of the metal flow and the transformation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the copper alloy GOST-M1 (DIN-ECu-57) in the deformation zone during the pressing of round (Ø 8, 24, 30 mm) and flat (10 × 30, 10 × 60, 10 × 80, 10 × 100 mm) profiles. It was performed on the basis of New Metallurgical Technologies Ltd. and the department of metal forming of the NUST MISiS. In the pressing process, the templates of these profiles were selected, further samples for experiment were made and the study of the nature of the alloy flow in the longitudinal direction were carried out (continuous casting - deformation center - finished profile).
Closed Die Forging of Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-Y Alloys
Authors: Papenberg Nikolaus , Gneiger Stefan
Published: March 2018

In light of emission reduction and weight saving in transport applications, Mg parts gain alot attention due to their good specific mechanical properties and their low mass. While casting is themain process for manufacturing Mg parts for automotive applications, forged parts show some majorbenefits like superior mechanical properties and absence of porosity. In this work a comparison ofclosed die forged parts made from different Mg-alloys has been carried out. The materials used in thewarm forging process were AZ31 and various Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-Y type (AZXW) alloys. Ca additions areknown to improve the oxidation behaviour and the formability of magnesium alloys, while yttrium isused to enhance the flammability resistance of forged parts. The forgeability, mechanical propertiesand microstructure are analyzed and compared in the present paper.
Determination of the Hot Cracking Tendency of a Twin-Roll Cast AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Means of Gleeble Tests
Authors: Wemme Heike , Krbetschek Christina , Ullmann Madlen , Freigang Anna , Plach Stefan , Kawalla Rudolf
Published: March 2018

The knowledge about the formation of hot cracking in magnesium alloys, such as in twin-roll cast magnesium sheets and strips, is fundamental for a good quality of the strips during the further processing by rolling or welding and minimize the reject. Hot cracking often occurs in the so-called mushy zone, when solid phases and melt coexist, at temperatures where the material no longer exhibits ductility. For the evaluation of the hot cracking tendency of an alloy, the width of the HTBR (High-temperature brittleness range) can be used. On the basis of a test on a Gleeble HDS-V40, the HTBR was determined for a twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy. The transition between ductile forming behaviour and complete brittle reaction of the AZ31 alloy is confirmed by the observation of the fracture surfaces (determination of the fracture type) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and is located at 555 °C. The HTBR shows a range 35 K.