bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of an automated Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program on suicide thinking and risk among United States rural adults
Authors: Schure Mark B. , McCrory Bernadette , Greist John , Striegel Weissman Ruth
Published: March 2022

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy for mental disorders, including depression. Internet-based CBT (iCBT) programs increasingly are showing similar impact to clinician-delivered CBT. We assessed the impact of Thrive, a fully-automated iCBT depression treatment program on suicidal thinking. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (INT) group (n = 218) or a waitlist control group (WLC, n = 230). Intent-to-treat analyses tested for group differences at 8-weeks in suicidal thinking (CHRT-SR3 subscale, primary outcome), and secondary outcomes including depression symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (GADS-7), work and social adjustment (WSAS), and resilience (CD-RISC-10). Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks for each outcome. Thrive program adherence (n = 218) was assessed by number of lessons completed. Although not statistically significant, the INT group was 38.7% less likely than the control group to present with suicidal thinking at 8 weeks (odds ratio 0.61, p = 0.10). Comparison of 8-week depression symptom slopes showed statistically significant effects favoring the INT group (WLC = − 3.04 vs Thrive = − 4.32, p = 0.007) (d = 0.08); no other significant group differences were observed. Lessons completed were significantly related to lower PHQ-9 (p = 0.026) and GAD-7 scores (p < 0.01). Study results are consistent with a previous study showing nonsignificant effect of an automated iCBT program for reducing suicidal thinking, but a significant positive impact on depression symptoms among rural US adults. Future studies should test whether strategies for boosting lesson completion are successful in enhancing the efficacy of Thrive to reduce suicide risk.

Trial Registration: National Institutes of Health Trial ID: NCT03595254.
Pop-Up Geometry
Authors: O'Rourke Joseph
Published: March 2022

Anyone browsing at the stationery store will see an incredible array of pop-up cards available for any occasion. The workings of pop-up cards and pop-up books can be remarkably intricate. Behind such designs lies beautiful geometry involving the intersection of circles, cones, and spheres, the movements of linkages, and other constructions. The geometry can be modelled by algebraic equations, whose solutions explain the dynamics. For example, several pop-up motions rely on the intersection of three spheres, a computation made every second for GPS location. Connecting the motions of the card structures with the algebra and geometry reveals abstract mathematics performing tangible calculations. Beginning with the nephroid in the 19th-century, the mathematics of pop-up design is now at the frontiers of rigid origami and algorithmic computational complexity. All topics are accessible to those familiar with high-school mathematics; no calculus required. Explanations are supplemented by 140+ figures and 20 animations.
Multiple unmanned aerial systems collision impacts on wing leading edge
Authors: de Wit A.J. , van den Brink W.M. , Moghadasi M.
Published: March 2022

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are increasingly starting to dominate the lower airspace. This increases the chance that a UAS will hit the means of transport of people e.g. aircraft, helicopters. For air traffic, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are in the process of determining the threat of a UAS impact on aircraft. This will result in new rules that may impose new, or additional, requirements on the ‘wetted zones’ of aircraft and the like. Current research suggests that aircraft wetted-areas (e.g. wing leading edge) that are certified for so called ‘bird-impact’ may not sustain a ‘UAS-impact’, such an UAS-impact may even damage the primary load carrying structure. But what would happen if multiple UASs are flying close to one other? To the authors’ knowledge, the damage caused by multiple UAS impacts on a wetted surface zone has not yet been established.

A finite element modelling approach is chosen for the UAS; specifically, a Lagrangian approach is applied using material nonlinearity and damage. A comparison is made between the damage caused by a bird impactor and a UAS impactor model. To establish the resulting damage of multiple UAS impacts on a wing leading edge, a multiple-UAS impact scenario is executed. The results show that a wing leading edge capable of sustaining a bird impact may not be capable of sustaining a UAS impact, which supports previous findings. Furthermore, for all simulated cases the front spar was not penetrated by components that managed to enter the leading edge. However, for the heavier drone some deformation of the front spar was observed. The multiple UAS impact scenario causes additional damage to the leading edge with respect to the single UAS impact, with greater deformation of the front spar being observed.
What You Fight for Shapes How You Fight
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M.
Published: March 2022

The question of where to begin when considering the conditions under which states and non-state actors comply with international humanitarian law (IHL) is itself an interesting one because of the history of IHL. IHL was created by states, principally to govern their behavior in relation to each other. The major codified elements of IHL, such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions, are agreements signed by states. For the last several decades, however, most wars have occurred within, rather than between, states. This trend raises the question of whether and when armed non-state actors (ANSAs, typically called “rebel groups” by political scientists) might comply with IHL.
Non-traditional Illustrations of Compliance-Generation from Practice
Authors: Bongard Pascal
Published: March 2022

Widespread violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) in today's armed conflicts continues to be a critical challenge for the international community. Many actors such as United Nations agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engage with parties to conflict to promote their compliance with IHL. In this intervention, I will focus on the positive role that non-traditional actors, such as non-state armed groups (NSAGs) and their constituencies, may play in this regard. My argument draws mainly from my experience with Geneva Call, a humanitarian NGO that has been engaging NSAGs toward IHL compliance over the past twenty years.
National Security, Investment Review, and Sensitive Data
Authors: Danzman Sarah Bauerle
Published: March 2022

As a scholar of the politics of the nexus of national security and investment policy, I can best add to the discussion on the issue of data and digital tech restrictions mostly from a foreign investment regulation and investment screening vantage point.
Distinguishing Cultural Property and Cultural Heritage: Technologies of Sovereignty and Reformation
Authors: Hafstein Valdimar Tryggvi
Published: March 2022

With empirical touchstones from Europe, North America, and Africa, the paper argued that heritage and property represent different approaches to subject formation, produce distinct bodies of expertise, and belong to different rationalities of government in a global patrimonial field: that cultural property is a technology of sovereignty, part of the order of the modern liberal state, but cultural heritage is a technology of reformation that cultivates responsible subjects and entangles them in networks of expertise and management. Recounting Scottish claims to the Lewis Chessmen and Greek claims to the Parthenon Sculptures, the paper explored different nuances in assertions of sovereign power and affirmations of cultural integrity in the face of foreign invasion and foreign rule, globalized markets, and foreign science under the sign of cultural property. The paper contrasted these to the safeguarding of the Jemaa el Fna marketplace in Marrakech and other cases that attempt to organize cooperation and orchestrate social practices under the sign of cultural heritage.
Interdisciplinary, Cross-practice, Cross-issue: Reflections on Field Studies of Heritage Struggles in Myanmar
Authors: Liljeblad Jonathan
Published: March 2022

My comments follow the call for interdisciplinary approaches in cultural heritage and the arts, looking to the meaning of interdisciplinary approaches in the context of scholarly engagement with efforts to promote World Heritage. In particular, I look to the issues of “doing” interdisciplinary studies in relation to the application of scholarly insights for international aid efforts involving World Heritage sites. My thoughts arise from experiences as an empirical scholar doing field work on World Heritage nominations in Myanmar, but as much as they connect to the circumstances of developing countries they also extend more generally to other locations. The argument is that intentions for interdisciplinary approaches in World Heritage practice are challenged by the structure of the international aid system, which is comprised of donors and aid providers with established practices. As a result, there is a need for scholars to consider ways of “doing” interdisciplinary studies in the promotion of World Heritage.
Is More Than an Interdisciplinary Approach to Cultural Heritage Protection Needed?
Authors: Hausler Kristin
Published: March 2022

The series of attacks against cultural heritage by extremist groups over the past decade have led to many initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection of cultural heritage in situations of conflict. Many of these initiatives adopted an interdisciplinary approach, including lawyers, policymakers, and heritage professionals. However, a number of gaps remains, not only during an armed conflict but also in the pre- and post-conflict stages.
Philanthropic Justice: The Role of Private Foundations in Transitional Justice Processes
Authors: Emtseva Julia
Published: March 2022

The paper I am presenting today is titled “Philanthropic Justice,” where I explore the role of private foundations in transitional justice (TJ) processes. It is a part of my Ph.D. project, which focuses on a wider range of private actors in the field of TJ. But for today, I chose to focus only on philanthropic foundations.
Remarks by Aaron Wu
Authors: Wu Aaron
Published: March 2022

This Article will investigate how the natural environment is conceptualized in international law. Environmental campaigners typically place great faith in the discipline's ability to restrain the onset of growing “global” problems: such as species extinctions, clearing of forests, pollution, and climate change. Law has traditionally been a key domain for efforts to regulate, and curb, these problems. While a vast body of existing literature assesses the effectiveness and adequacy of these initiatives, this dissertation takes a different approach. It explores particular visions of the natural environment that inform such initiatives. I will proceed from the premise that international law, rather than merely reflecting the natural environment, shapes how we perceive it. With this in mind, I will investigate a selection of stories that international law tells about the natural environment, and consider the different, competing stories it deprivileges. The key question is: what role has international law played in making certain ways of thinking about nature come to seem normal or intuitive, and how does this affect efforts to curb environmental harms?
Remarks by Kathleen Claussen
Authors: Claussen Kathleen
Published: March 2022

International trade dispute settlement today encompasses many modes of operation across several different fora. Given this diversity, it is difficult to say whether there is a clear “2.0” version of trade dispute settlement. While such a label may suggest that the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) is the “1.0,” the WTO system is in fact a revision to the prior General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) enforcement arrangement. The state of play today for trade dispute settlement belies any clear label apart from what we might try to use to capture a variegated landscape that is constantly in motion. States continue to experiment with compliance and enforcement tools, such that singular directional statements are insufficient to capture what is happening in practice.
Are We All Climate Lawyers? Some Brief Notes
Authors: Ott Hermann
Published: March 2022

First of all, I would like to thank you and congratulate the organizers for this timely event!
Charting the Course When International Law Is Fragmented
Authors: Young Margaret A.
Published: March 2022

If our work is future-oriented, problem-solving, and global in scope, we are all climate lawyers now. But, beyond widening the epistemic circle of climate lawyers, we must understand two things. First, the reach of climate change law into so many areas of international law requires an understanding of how these laws fit together—clashing, supporting, side-stepping, deferring, pulling rank. Second, we need to constantly ask how they should fit together, and for which beneficiaries. From the perspective of the fragmentation of international law, trade lawyers, environmental lawyers, and human rights lawyers can be said to be climate lawyers now, but convergence is neither the best explanation nor the best normative guidepost. We should strategically embrace law making and adjudication everywhere, but be conscious that our attention might be diverted to particular functional ends when issues of mitigation or adaptation are framed to suit the structural biases or vocabularies of particular regimes.
International Regulation on Disinformation: The Case for a Multilateral, Multi-Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Caniglia Costanza Sciubba
Published: March 2022

Disinformation is not a new phenomenon, and yet it has increased in both impact and scale in the last few years. This is the consequence, mainly, of two contributing factors: technological and geopolitical.
Remarks by Henning Lahmann
Authors: Lahmann Henning
Published: March 2022

Ever since the revelations about concerted disinformation campaigns ahead of and surrounding the Brexit referendum and the 2016 U.S. presidential election, but also in the context of troubling developments in the global information space since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the issue has become a hot topic in international legal scholarship. However, after a few years of debate, there remain some fundamental concerns with how state-led influence operations are addressed, both in academia and among state actors. With that in mind, the following brief remarks seek to make five claims that may challenge and clarify some of the key features of current legal discourse.
U.S.-China Trade Relations in the Biden Era: Trade War, Industrial Policy, and Rule-Based International Order
Authors: Jiangyu Wang , Hewett Dawn Yamane
Published: March 2022

Presidential candidate Joe Biden's team declared President Trump's trade war with China a failure when Democratic nominee Senator Kamala Harris told Vice President Mike Pence at the U.S. vice presidential debate that “You lost that trade war.” Half a year has passed since Biden took over the White House, the U.S.-China trade war is still going on, though in a much less pompous manner than what President Donald Trump once liked it to be. President Biden refused to make significant change to Trump's tough stance on U.S.-China trade relations on the ground of the accusations of China's “stealing” intellectual property (IP), state subsidies to enterprises, forced technology transfer from foreign companies, among others. On the other hand, China has not backed off from the trade war, though it arguably made many concessions in the so-called “Phase 1 trade deal” signed by the United States and China on January 15, 2020, in which China pledged to buy US$ 200 billion more of American goods and services in 2020 and 2021, in addition to the commitments to strengthen protection and remove forced technology transfer. Evidence suggested that China was still far behind prorated targets of a full year when Biden assumed presidency in January 2021. More significantly, Chinese President Xi Jinping has been taking the opportunities offered by the trade war to remake the Chinese economy toward state capitalism. Additionally, as the trade war was happening, the Trump administration intensified its assault on the multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and effectively paralyzed the Appellate Body, a crucial part of the WTO's Dispute Settlement System.
The Future of the Iran Deal from the International Law Perspective
Authors: Askary Pouria
Published: March 2022

The Iranian nuclear program was launched before the Islamic Revolution in the 1950s with the help of the United States, under the agreement known as the Cooperation Concerning Civil Uses of Atoms. In 1958, immediately after the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Iran gained its membership and signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) on its adoption date, July 1, 1968. Two years after, the NPT was approved by the Iranian Parliament and since then, Iran remains a party to this treaty. In Article IV, the NPT endorses the inalienable right of all the Parties to the Treaty to develop research, production, and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination.
Remarks by Jay Pozenel
Authors: Pozenel Jay
Published: March 2022

The UN Office of Legal Affairs provides central legal support and assistance to UN offices and entities implementing the fundamental UN mandate established by the UN Charter, namely, to support the maintenance of international peace and security; to promote economic and social advancement for all people; and to affirm faith in fundamental human rights and promote the wider acceptance of international law. The General Legal Division is one of six divisions of the UN Office of Legal Affairs, and one of two of the Office's divisions that provide transactional legal services and support to the United Nations, its Funds and Programmes, such as the UN Development Programme, the United Nations Children's Fund, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Population Fund, and others, the UN's peacekeeping missions, and the UN's regional and country offices throughout the world. Specifically, the Office oversees global crises and at times relevant legal aid. It deals with the internal legal framework of the UN and facilitates its legal interactions with suppliers, donors, implementing partners, and the public at large. In the General Legal Division, we have some thirty lawyers and ten support staff in the Division dealing with a variety of the day to day legal issues faced by the Organization.
Remarks by Mark Ward
Authors: Ward Mark
Published: March 2022

I am a former lawyer and retired American diplomat and currently country director of a large humanitarian organization working in Afghanistan. As I explained during the panel, the International Medical Corps is faced with the challenges of delivering humanitarian assistance in the middle of a twenty-year armed conflict. We must stay true to humanitarian principles, like neutrality, but avoid donor governments’ concerns that we not engage too much with their enemy, the Taliban.
Litigating Health and Security Exceptions in Investment Treaties: A Simulation
Authors: Heath J. Benton , Popova Ina , Jacinto Justin , Haridi Samaa , Pasipanodya Tafadzwa , Sacco Sabina
Published: March 2022

J. Benton Heath introduced the topic. Essential security interests clauses have been invoked in a handful of cases, including several cases arising out of the Argentine debt crisis and the twin cases brought by Deutsche Bank and CC/Devas against India relating to satellite frequencies, with mixed outcomes and reasoning. In several treaties, these clauses also refer to public health measures, but there is little guidance on how such clauses should be interpreted or applied. Using a fictional but realistic scenario, the advocates and tribunal members—playing assigned roles—were asked to consider whether public health exceptions are self-judging, whether they deprive a tribunal of jurisdiction or go to the merits, and what showing is required for the clause to apply. The scenario also raised broader doctrinal questions about the nature of exceptions in investment treaties, their relationship with the treaty's primary obligations, and the interrelationship between security clauses and the customary international law defense of necessity.
Remarks by Jamil Dakwar
Authors: Dakwar Jamil
Published: March 2022

My experience comes from being an international human rights lawyer who works mainly with international human rights in different parts of the world but mainly comes from the Middle East as a Palestinian American. In the last fifteen years, my focus has been on the United States, particularly with regard to how the United States has addressed the issues of racial inequality and lack of rights for the most marginalized, historically discriminated against groups in the United States, with or without consideration of international human rights law. My experience is really a mix of working both in and outside the United States trying to create a shift in terms of the way that foreign policy and domestic policy should be more linked rather than completely separated as it has been for decades.
Introductory Remarks by Giulio Bartolini
Authors: Bartolini Giulio
Published: March 2022

Although the 2020–2021 international agendas were obviously focused on the COVID-19 situation, our societies are under continuous relevant threat as a result of disasters brought about by natural and technological hazards and worsened by the effects of climate change. Such phenomena, capable of significantly disrupting affected communities, are giving rise to multiple legal and institutional challenges and consequently the protection of persons affected by climate change and disasters features on the agenda of several international bodies. A number of examples could be mentioned in this regard, such as the forthcoming debate in 2021 at the United Nations General Assembly on the possibility of adopting a treaty based on the 2016 International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters; the current activities of the ILC focused on sea-level rise in international law; debates in human rights monitoring bodies on the relationship between disasters and legal protection, which have intensified in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and led to a continuous flow of recommendations, reports, and other advocacy activities highlighting the challenges raised by this disaster; as complemented by increasing recourse to strategic litigation on climate change in international and domestic fora.
Remarks by Patrícia Galvão Teles
Authors: Teles Patrícia Galvão
Published: March 2022

The recent International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) World Disasters Report 2020 and the Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), including the Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere of 2019, point to an increasing risk of disasters and adverse effects of climate change, which are worsened by the interface between disasters and climate change. Work by humanitarian organizations in the field and by scientific experts is showing that the effects of this intersection, which makes the impact of climate change and disasters even more dramatic, are here and that measures have to be taken to protect persons affected in this context.
Remarks by Mohamed Nasheed
Authors: Nasheed Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Unlike most of you, I hope, I have spent quite a lot of time in jail. This is not because I am a criminal, even though those who jailed me have called me a terrorist and worse. It is because I am a campaigner for democracy. I believe everyone has a right to vote and to be represented by a government they choose as free citizens. For that I have spent many years behind bars.
Views from Addis Ababa
Authors: Negm Namira
Published: March 2022

Adaptation is the one thing that the COVID-19 pandemic taught us. Not only as human beings in our personal lives but also as professionals working in multilateral diplomacy. We learned the hard way to adapt to a new reality of continuous lockdowns, working from home, conducting meetings virtually, and possible negotiations of legal instruments online. Simply, with all the challenges we met and despite the slow mode, multilateralism is still functioning and business is continuing.
Introductory Remarks by Justin Hansford
Authors: Hansford Justin
Published: March 2022

Good morning. My name is Justin Hansford. I am the Executive Director of the Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Center at Howard University School of Law, and I would like to welcome everybody to the Protest and Police Force panel on examining racial discrimination and the legality of police force in the United States here this morning.
Introductory Remarks by Mónica Pinto
Authors: Pinto Mónica
Published: March 2022

Thank you so much for having me in this conversation with the recipient of the Goler T. Butcher Medal for this year.
Remarks by Sean D. Murphy
Authors: Murphy Sean D.
Published: March 2022

Welcome, everyone, to this late breaking session of the American Society of International Law's annual conference entitled “Democracy Under Threat.” My name is Sean Murphy. I am the Manatt/Ahn Professor of International Law at George Washington University. I am also a member of the UN International Law Commission, and of particular note for this conference, I am the immediate past president of the American Society of International Law.
Introductory Remarks by Catherine Amirfar
Authors: Amirfar Catherine
Published: March 2022

It is now my pleasure to introduce a very special roundtable that brings together four of my distinguished predecessors as president of the Society. Taken together, their terms of office span the last twenty-five years. Edith Brown Weiss is University Professor and former Francis Cabell Brown Professor of International Law at Georgetown Law. José Alvarez is the Herbert and Rose Rubin Professor of International Law at New York University School of Law. Lucinda A. Low is a partner at Steptoe & Johnson LLP, where she heads the Compliance, Investigations, Trade, and Enforcement Department, and Sean D. Murphy is the Manatt/Ahn Professor of International Law at George Washington University Law School and a member of the UN International Law Commission. Welcome, welcome.
Introductory Remarks by Zachary D. Kaufman
Authors: Kaufman Zachary D.
Published: March 2022

Welcome to the ASIL Human Rights Interest Group's roundtable, “Black Lives Matter and International Human Rights Law: The Challenge of Systemic Racism.” This roundtable has two objectives. First, it will draw on diverse social science research to explore the origin and operation of systemic racism in the United States that gave rise to the Black Lives Matter movement. Second, the roundtable will analyze how international human rights law obligates states to address these systemic problems.
Introductory Remarks by Kathryn Sikkink
Authors: Sikkink Kathryn
Published: March 2022

Welcome. My name is Kathryn Sikkink. I am the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, and I will be your moderator for this panel on human rights and COVID, challenges and good practices for effective recovery.
Remarks by Judge Abdulqawi Yusuf
Authors: Yusuf Judge Abdulqawi
Published: March 2022

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor for me to receive today the 2021 Honorary Member Award of the American Society of International Law (ASIL). I have always admired the work of ASIL in the promotion and dissemination of international law. I have also admired ASIL for serving as a model to other associations and societies of international law around the world.
“Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste”: Can International Law Seize the Advantage?
Authors: Daudet Yves
Published: March 2022

Some international crises are circumscribed, others are more diffuse, sometimes of varying intensity depending on the region. But, at the end of the day, all regions might be impacted according to an uncertain timetable. This is the case, for example, with terrorism, cybersecurity, the migration crisis, and the climate crisis, which is one aspect of environmental damage that intersects with the health crisis. Some are latent and marked by sudden outbreaks, such as terrorism or the Islamic State's criminal operations. Others are set to worsen, such as the migration crisis, which today is probably small compared to what it will become. We must also think about financial or economic crises, cybersecurity breaches, misuse of new technologies and social networks, and, importantly, the painful experience of the January 2021 democratic crisis in the United States. But the current COVID-19 health crisis is the crisis that occupies everyone's mind today.
Discussant Remarks
Authors: Buxbaum Hannah L.
Published: March 2022

Through the lens of current crises—including the climate crisis, the crisis of democracy, and of course the COVID-19 pandemic—Professor Daudet examines the role that international law plays in mediating the principle of national sovereignty and the interests of the global community. He goes on to inquire whether these crises might in some way create an opportunity to advance the international legal and political order.
Do Physiological Variables Predict the Need for Transport to Hospital From Music Festivals? An Analysis of Australian Festival Data
Authors: Douglas Ned , Donovan Jake , Carew James , Brouwer Kayla , Edwards Ebony , Gibson Mitchell , Leverett Jacqueline , Paul Joseph , Holbery-Morgan Lachlan , Pritchard Jessica , Bourke Elyssia , Smith Erin
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Using physiological markers to detect patients at risk of deterioration is common. Deaths at music festivals in Australia prompted scrutiny of tools to identify critically unwell patients for transport to hospital. This study evaluated initial physiological parameters to identify patients selected for transport to hospital from a music festival.

Methods:

A retrospective audit of 2045 presentations at music festivals in Victoria, Australia, was performed. Presentation heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, and Glasgow Coma Scale were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis, with a prespecified threshold of 0.7.

Results:

The only measured variable to exceed the prespecified cutpoint was initial systolic blood pressure, with an AUROC of 0.72 and optimal cutpoint of 122 mmHg. Using commonly accepted cutpoints for variables did not improve detection performance to acceptable levels, nor did using combination systems of cutpoints.

Conclusions:

Initial physiological variables are poor predictors of the decision to transport to hospital from music festivals. Systolic blood pressure was significant, but only at a clinically insignificant value. Decisions on which patients to transport from an event site should incorporate more information than initial physiology. Senior clinicians should lead decision-making about hospital transport from music festivals.
LI–YORKE CHAOS ALMOST EVERYWHERE: ON THE PERVASIVENESS OF DISJOINT EXTREMALLY SCRAMBLED SETS
Authors: DENG LIUCHUN , KHAN M. ALI , RAJAN ASHVIN V.
Published: March 2022

We show that there exists a continuous function from the unit Lebesgue interval to itself such that for any
$\epsilon \geq 0$
and any natural number k, any point in its domain has an
$\epsilon $
-neighbourhood which, when feasible, contains k mutually disjoint extremally scrambled sets of identical Lebesgue measure, homeomorphic to each other. This result enables a satisfying generalisation of Li–Yorke (topological) chaos and suggests an open (difficult) problem as to whether the result is valid for piecewise linear functions.
Iodine status of pregnant women from the Republic of Cyprus
Authors: Cannas Andrea , Rayman Margaret P. , Kolokotroni Ourania , Bath Sarah C.
Published: March 2022

Iodine supply is crucial during pregnancy to ensure that the proper thyroid function of mother and baby support fetal brain development. Little is known about iodine status or its dietary determinants in pregnant women in the Republic of Cyprus. We therefore recruited 128 pregnant women at their first-trimester ultrasound scan to a cross-sectional study. We collected spot-urine samples for the measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC, µg/l) and creatinine concentration (Creat, g/l), the latter of which allows us to correct for urine dilution and to compute the iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Creat). Women completed a FFQ and a general questionnaire. We used a General Linear model to explore associations between maternal and dietary characteristics with UI/Creat. The median UIC (105 µg/l) indicated iodine deficiency according to the WHO criterion (threshold for adequacy = 150 µg/l), and the UI/Creat was also low at 107 µg/g. Only 32 % (n 45) of women reported the use of iodine-containing supplements; users had a higher UI/Creat than non-users (131 µg/g v. 118 µg/g), though this difference was NS in the adjusted analysis (P = 0·37). Of the dietary components, only egg intake was significantly associated with a higher UI/Creat in adjusted analyses (P = 0·018); there was no significant association with milk, dairy products or fish intake. Our results suggest that pregnant women in Cyprus have inadequate iodine status and are at risk of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Further research on dietary sources in this population is required.
Black immigrants in the United States: Transraciolinguistic justice for imagined futures in a global metaverse
Authors: Smith Patriann
Published: March 2022

As the world continues to experience the recent wave of racial reckoning and its associated backlash, the field of applied linguistics has been called upon to renew efforts through which language functions as an avenue for redemption and restoration of humanity and of the world. Acknowledging the role of racialization in the language-related challenges faced nationally and globally has spurred on a wave of examinations that extend beyond a focus on the intellect and that increasingly allow for a simultaneous grappling with what it means to advance language solutions that equally center human sensitivity and the body. Among such acknowledgments have been the effects of racism on language use by immigrants, including immigrants of color, many of whom are often introduced into the U.S. as “languageless.” We operate now on the verge of an imminent global metaverse within which the world will soon largely exist, provoking questions about the degree to which language, and racialized language, will continue to function as the primary mechanism for operating in a future world order. Given this impetus, I draw from the Black immigrant experience in the United States in this brief essay to demonstrate why the future of applied linguistics in a global metaverse must be concerned with “transraciolinguistic justice” that: (1) creates opportunities beyond racialized [language] as a function of the imminent global metaverse; (2) disrupts the racialization of [language] for relegating citizenship based on national norms as a function of civic engagement; and (3) dismantles racialized [language] and borders that hold up the exclusion of “foreignness” to transform the relational experience. The impending reality of a global metaverse that lays flat distinctions among migrants while also introducing a plethora of spaces where racialized language further functions as subtext in a nonmaterial world calls for a (re)thinking of what it will mean to instruct, assess, plan for, and preserve [languages] in a soon to be, predominantly, virtual global existence. Civic and legal engagement in a global metaverse that can potentially transcend racialized language allows for the disruption of perceptions that advocate a lack of connectivity of diverse human publics across national and global borders. Relational healing through a focus on transraciolinguistic justice in a global metaverse represents an opportunity to restore the brokenness of the oppressed and cultivate opportunities for building bridges across diverse realities, critical to the abandonment of centuries of, and the introduction of, an era of peace. To the degree that the field of applied linguistics is prepared to engage transraciolinguistic justice, will determine, in large part, the extent to which it adjusts to a largely virtual world.
Dilogarithm identities after Bridgeman
Authors: JAIPONG PRADTHANA , LANG MONG LUNG , TAN SER PEOW , TEE MING HONG
Published: March 2022

Following Bridgeman, we demonstrate several families of infinite dilogarithm identities associated with Fibonacci numbers, Lucas numbers, convergents of continued fractions of even periods, and terms arising from various recurrence relations.
A comparison of high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for respiratory support in infants following cardiac surgery
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Hupp Susan , Dryer Rebecca , Basu Mohua , Weido Ginger , Shashidharan Subhadra , Maher Kevin O. , Fundora Michael P.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Following cardiac surgery, infants often remain endotracheally intubated upon arrival to the cardiac ICU. High-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation are used to support patients following extubation. There are limited data on the superiority of either mode to prevent extubation failure.

Methods:

We conducted a single-centre retrospective study for infants (<1 year) and/or <10 kg who underwent cardiac surgery between 3/2019–3/2020. Data included patient and clinical characteristics and operative variables. The study aimed to compare high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation following extubation and their association with extubation failure. Secondarily, we examined risk factors associated with extubation failure.

Results:

There were 424 patients who met inclusion criteria, 320 (75%) were extubated to high-flow nasal cannula, 104 (25%) to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and 64 patients (15%) failed extubation. The high-flow nasal cannula group had lower rates of extubation failure (11%, versus 29%, p = 0.001). Infants failing extubation were younger and had higher STAT score (p < 0.05). Compared to high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation patients were at 3.30 times higher odds of failing extubation after adjusting for patient factors (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Extubation failure after cardiac surgery occurs in smaller, younger infants, and those with higher risk surgical procedures. Patients extubated to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation had 3.30 higher odds to fail extubation than patients extubated to high-flow nasal cannula. The optimal mode of respiratory support in this patient population is unknown.
Spatial Image Resolution Assessment by Fourier Analysis (SIRAF)
Authors: Brostrøm Anders , Mølhave Kristian
Published: March 2022

Determining spatial resolution from images is crucial when optimizing focus, determining smallest resolvable object, and assessing size measurement uncertainties. However, no standard algorithm exists to measure resolution from electron microscopy (EM) images, though several have been proposed, where most require user decisions. We present the Spatial Image Resolution Assessment by Fourier analysis (SIRAF) algorithm that uses fast Fourier transform analysis to estimate resolution directly from a single image without user inputs. The method is derived from the underlying assumption that objects display intensity transitions, resembling a step function blurred by a Gaussian point spread function. This hypothesis is tested and verified on simulated EM images with known resolution. To identify potential pitfalls, the algorithm is also tested on simulated images with a variety of settings, and on real SEM images acquired at different magnification and defocus settings. Finally, the versatility of the method is investigated by assessing resolution in images from several microscopy techniques. It is concluded that the algorithm can assess resolution from a large selection of image types, thereby providing a measure of this fundamental image parameter. It may also improve autofocus methods and guide the optimization of magnification settings when balancing spatial resolution and field of view.
Does pension information impact savings?
Authors: El Mekkaoui Najat , Legendre Bérangère
Published: March 2022

Many pension reforms in OECD countries included pension statements with the objective of improving individuals' financial security in retirement. Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of the pension information policy implemented in France and to investigate whether the pension statement results in better informed workers, who then increase their retirement savings. Using regression discontinuity designs combined with quantile regressions, we assess whether the changes in retirement savings and holding of assets are due to the pension information system and then quantify the impact. We conclude that a pension estimate sent to workers encourages the wealthiest to increase their retirement savings while it does not influence the savings of individuals with a low level of wealth.
Posthuman feminism and global constitutionalism: Environmental reflections
Authors: Jones Emily
Published: March 2022

There is a need for the field of global constitutionalism to consider a wider array of voices, such as women’s voices and perspectives from the Global South. Here, I argue that global constitutionalism must pay attention not only to a wider array of human perspectives, but also to non-human perspectives and to different understandings of what the law is and can be. Evaluating how international law categorizes the environment and non-human animals as things or objects to be exploited for human needs, I argue that posthuman feminism provides an alternative epistemic frame for rethinking both global constitutionalism and international law.
Feasibility of EI-MAG, a Working Memory App, in Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Hischa Vroni , Oesterlen Eva , Seitz-Stein Katja
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This study explored the feasibility of the German WM application EI-MAG in younger and, in a first attempt, older adults. Contrary to previous applications, EI-MAG is group-administrable and tablet-based. 89 older and 35 younger adults were administered six self-reliant WM tasks and given a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic background, health status, perceived app characteristics, and technology experience. The percentage of participants completing all tasks and subtest completion rates decreased across age groups. The feasibility in older adults was associated with chronic diseases, vision, dependence on hearing aids, touchscreen sensitivity, and ease with tapping and use. Results are discussed regarding the hindering factors for older adults identified in previous research. With the development of practice assessments, EI-MAG seems potentially suitable for use in older adults.
Persistent Layers of Enhanced Gravity Wave Dissipation in the Upper Mesosphere Revealed From SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Kogure Masaru
Published: March 2022

Dissipation of gravity waves (GWs) and resultant momentum flux deposition and eddy diffusion significantly influence the atmospheric structure and circulation. Using the temperature profiles measured by the SABER instrument (2002–2021), we derive the global GW action and its scale height (HAm). Comparing to the background scale height (H), we identify a persistent layer of enhanced GW dissipation (HAm/H > 2) in the upper mesosphere. The enhanced dissipation is primarily centered at 80–85 km with a vertical range of ∼8–20 km. At middle and high latitudes, the enhanced dissipation extends down to ∼60 km and is located above the eastward (westward) wind peak in winter (summer). At low latitudes, enhanced dissipation occurs around the wind reversals. The possible mechanisms of enhanced dissipation include wave refraction, wind filtering, and reduced static stability. The persistent layer of enhanced dissipation identified here provide observational evidence for GW dissipation constrains in models.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant protein subunit vaccine and an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in non-human primates
Authors: He Qian , Mao Qunying , Peng Xiaozhong , He Zhanlong , Lu Shuaiyao , Zhang Jialu , Gao Fan , Bian Lianlian , An Chaoqiang , Yu Wenhai , Yang Fengmei , Zhou Yanan , Yang Yun , Li Yanyan , Yuan Yadi , Yan Xujia , Yang Jinghuan , Wu Xing , Huang Weijin , Li Changgui , Wang Junzhi , Liang Zhenglun , Xu Miao
Published: March 2022

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the gradually decreasing neutralizing antibodies over time post vaccination have led to an increase in incidents of breakthrough infection across the world. To investigate the potential protective effect of the recombinant protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine targeting receptor-binding domain (RBD) (PS-RBD) and whole inactivated virus particle vaccine (IV) against the variant strains, in this study, rhesus macaques were immunized with PS-RBD or IV vaccine, followed by a Beta variant (B.1.351) challenge. Although neutralizing activity against the Beta variant was reduced compared with that against the prototype, the decreased viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tracts, milder pathological changes, and downregulated inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissues after challenge demonstrated that PS-RBD and IV still provided effective protection against the Beta variant in the macaque model. Furthermore, PS-RBD-induced macaque sera possessed general binding and neutralizing activity to Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants in our study, though the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers declined by varying degrees, demonstrating potential protection of PS-RBD against current circulating variants of concern (VOCs). Interestingly, although the IV vaccine-induced extremely low neutralizing antibody titers against the Beta variant, it still showed reduction for viral load and significantly alleviated pathological change. Other correlates of vaccine-induced protection (CoP) like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and immune memory were both confirmed to be existing in IV vaccinated group and possibly be involved in the protective mechanism.