bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles Released by Enterovirus-Infected EndoC-βH1 Cells Mediate Non-Lytic Viral Spread
Authors: Netanyah Eitan , Calafatti Matteo , Arvastsson Jeanette , Cabrera-Rode Eduardo , Cilio Corrado M. , Sarmiento Luis
Published: November 2020

While human enteroviruses are generally regarded as a lytic virus, and persistent non-cytolytic enterovirus infection in pancreatic beta cells has been suspected of playing a role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. However, it is still unclear how enteroviruses could exit the pancreatic beta cell in a non-lytic manner. This study aimed to investigate the role of beta cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the non-lytic enteroviral spread and infection. Size-exclusion chromatography and antibody-based immunoaffinity purification were used to isolate EVs from echovirus 16-infected human beta EndoC-βH1 cells. EVs were then characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Multiplex Bead-Based Flow Cytometry Assay. Virus production and release were quantified by 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID50) assay and qRT-PCR. Our results showed that EVs from echovirus 16-infected EndoC-βH1 cells harbor infectious viruses and promote their spread during the pre-lytic phase of infection. Furthermore, the EVs-mediated infection was not inhibited by virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. In summary, this study demonstrated that enteroviruses could exit beta cells non-lytically within infectious EVs, thereby thwarting the access of neutralizing antibodies to viral particles. These data suggest that enterovirus transmission through EVs may contribute to viral dissemination and immune evasion in persistently infected beta cells.
Comparison of the Performance and Microbial Community Structure of Two Outdoor Pilot-Scale Photobioreactors Treating Digestate
Authors: Bani Alessia , Parati Katia , Pozzi Anna , Previtali Cristina , Bongioni Graziella , Pizzera Andrea , Ficara Elena , Bellucci Micol
Published: November 2020

This study aimed at examining and comparing the nutrient removal efficiency, biomass productivity and microbial community structure of two outdoor pilot-scale photobioreactors, namely a bubble column and a raceway pond, treating the liquid fraction of an agricultural digestate. Bacterial and eukaryotic communities were characterized using a metabarcoding approach and quantitative PCR. The abundance, composition, diversity, and dynamics of the main microbes were then correlated to the environmental conditions and operational parameters of the reactors. Both photobioreactors were dominated either by Chlorella sp. or Scenedesmus sp. in function of temperature, irradiance and the nitrogen compounds derived by nitrification. Other species, such as Chlamydomonas and Planktochlorella, were sporadically present, demonstrating that they have more specific niche requirement. Pseudomonas sp. always dominated the bacterial community in both reactors, except in summertime, when a bloom of Calothrix occurred in the raceway pond. In autumn, the worsening of the climate conditions decreased the microalgal growth, promoting predation by Vorticella sp. The study highlights the factors influencing the structure and dynamics of the microbial consortia and which ecological mechanisms are driving the microbial shifts and the consequent reactor performance. On these bases, control strategies could be defined to optimize the management of the microalgal-based technologies.
Nanoemulsion Gel Formulation Optimization for Burn Wounds: Analysis of Rheological and Sensory Properties
Authors: Miastkowska Małgorzata , Kulawik-Pióro Agnieszka , Szczurek Mariola
Published: November 2020

Background: Despite the variety of treatment methods for wounds and scars after burns, there are still few effective preparations that can be used in a non-invasive therapy. Recent years have seen significant development of nanomedicine and nanotechnology in the treatment of infection in burn wounds. Proposal: The aim of this work was to develop a formula of a nanoemulsion gel for skin regeneration after burns, and to compare its rheological and sensory properties, as well as the effectiveness of post-burn skin regeneration with preparations available on the market. Methods: At the first stage of studies the composition and parameters of the preparation of sea buckthorn oil-based O/W (oil-in-water) nanoemulsion containing hyaluronic acid and aloe vera gel, as the active ingredients were optimized. Then, the nanoemulsion was added to the gel matrix composed of carbomer (1%) and water which resulted in receiving nanoemulgel. The physicochemical parameters of the obtained samples were characterized by means of dynamic light scattering method and scanning electron microscope. Rheological, sensory and influence on skin condition analysis was conducted for selected market products and developed nanoemulgel. Results: Nanoemulsion gel (d = 211 ± 1.4 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) = 0.205 ± 0.01) was characterized by semi-solid, non-sticky consistency, porous structure, law viscosity, good “primary” and “secondary” skin feelings and pleasant sensorical properties. It improves the condition of burned skin by creating a protective layer on the skin and increasing the hydration level. Conclusion: Due to the fact that the obtained nanoemulsion gel combines the advantages of an emulsion and a gel formulation, it can be a promising alternative to medical cosmetics available on the market, as a form of formulation used in skin care after burns.
Numerical Study of Single Taylor Bubble Movement Through a Microchannel Using Different CFD Packages
Authors: Silva Mónica F. , Campos João B. L. M. , Miranda João M. , Araújo José D. P.
Published: November 2020

A Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study for micro-scale gas–liquid flow was performed by using two different software packages: OpenFOAM® and ANSYS Fluent®. The numerical results were compared to assess the capability of both options to accurately predict the hydrodynamics of this kind of system. The focus was to test different methods to solve the gas–liquid interface, namely the Volume of Fluid (VOF) + Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) (ANSYS Fluent®) and MULES/isoAdvector (OpenFOAM®). For that, a single Taylor bubble flowing in a circular tube was studied for different co-current flow conditions (0.01 < CaB < 2.0 and 0.01 < ReB < 700), creating representative cases that exemplify the different sub-patterns already identified in micro-scale slug flow. The results show that for systems with high Capillary numbers (CaB > 0.8) each software correctly predicts the main characteristics of the flow. However, for small Capillary numbers (CaB < 0.03), spurious currents appear along the interface for the cases solved using OpenFOAM®. The results of this work suggest that ANSYS Fluent® VOF+PLIC is indeed a good option to solve biphasic flows at a micro-scale for a wide range of scenarios becoming more relevant for cases with low Capillary numbers where the use of the solvers from OpenFoam® are not the best option. Alternatively, improvements and/or extra functionalities should be implemented in the OpenFOAM® solvers available in the installation package.
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Global Precipitation Products over the Largest Agriculture Region in Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Zain , Li Xin , Chen Yingying , Nawaz Naima , Gull Rabia , Elnashar Abdelrazek
Published: November 2020

Spatial and temporal precipitation data acquisition is highly important for hydro-meteorological applications. Gridded precipitation products (GPPs) offer an opportunity to estimate precipitation at different time and resolution. Though, the products have numerous discrepancies that need to be evaluated against in-situ records. The present study is the first of its kind to highlight the performance evaluation of gauge based (GB) and satellite based (SB) GPPs at annual, winter, and summer monsoon scale by using multiple statistical approach during the period of 1979–2017 and 2003–2017, respectively. The result revealed that the temporal magnitude of all the GPPs was different and deviate up to 100–200 mm with overall spatial pattern of underestimation (GB product) and overestimation (SB product) from north to south gradient. The degree of accuracy of GB products with observed precipitation decreases with the increase in the magnitude of precipitation and vice versa for SB precipitation products. Furthermore, the observed precipitation revealed the positive trend with multiple turning points during the period 1979–2005. However, the gentle increase with no obvious break point has been detected during the period of 2005–2017. The large inter-annual variability and trends slope of the reference data series were well captured by Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products and outperformed the relative GPPs in terms of higher R2 values of ≥ 0.90 and lower values of estimated RME ≤ 25% at annual and summer monsoon season. However, Climate Research Unit (CRU) performed better during winter estimates as compared with in-situ records. In view of significant error and discrepancies, regional correction factors for each GPPs were introduced that can be useful for future concerned projects over the study region. The study highlights the importance of evaluation by the careful selection of potential GPPs for the future hydro-climate studies over the similar regions like Punjab Province.
A Deep Learning-Based Method for Quantifying and Mapping the Grain Size on Pebble Beaches
Authors: Soloy Antoine , Turki Imen , Fournier Matthieu , Costa Stéphane , Peuziat Bastien , Lecoq Nicolas
Published: November 2020

This article proposes a new methodological approach to measure and map the size of coarse clasts on a land surface from photographs. This method is based on the use of the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) deep learning algorithm, which allows the instance segmentation of objects after an initial training on manually labeled data. The algorithm is capable of identifying and classifying objects present in an image at the pixel scale, without human intervention, in a matter of seconds. This work demonstrates that it is possible to train the model to detect non-overlapping coarse sediments on scaled images, in order to extract their individual size and morphological characteristics with high efficiency (R2 = 0.98; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 3.9 mm). It is then possible to measure element size profiles over a sedimentary body, as it was done on the pebble beach of Etretat (Normandy, France) in order to monitor the granulometric spatial variability before and after a storm. Applied at a larger scale using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) derived ortho-images, the method allows the accurate characterization and high-resolution mapping of the surface coarse sediment size, as it was performed on the two pebble beaches of Etretat (D50 = 5.99 cm) and Hautot-sur-Mer (D50 = 7.44 cm) (Normandy, France). Validation results show a very satisfying overall representativity (R2 = 0.45 and 0.75; RMSE = 6.8 mm and 9.3 mm at Etretat and Hautot-sur-Mer, respectively), while the method remains fast, easy to apply and low-cost, although the method remains limited by the image resolution (objects need to be longer than 4 cm), and could still be improved in several ways, for instance by adding more manually labeled data to the training dataset, and by considering more accurate methods than the ellipse fitting for measuring the particle sizes.
Analysing Urban Development Patterns in a Conflict Zone: A Case Study of Kabul
Authors: Chaturvedi Vineet , Kuffer Monika , Kohli Divyani
Published: November 2020

A large part of the population in low-income countries (LICs) lives in fragile and conflict-affected states. Many cities in these states show high growth dynamics, but little is known about the relation of conflicts and urban growth. In Afghanistan, the Taliban regime, which lasted from 1996 to 2001, caused large scale displacement of the population. People from Afghanistan migrated to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan, and all developments came to a halt. After the US invasion in October 2001, all the major cities in Afghanistan experienced significant population growth, in particular, driven by the influx of internally displaced persons. Maximum pressure of this influx was felt by the capital city, Kabul. This rapid urbanization, combined with very limited capacity of local authorities to deal with this growth, led to unplanned urbanization and challenges for urban planning and management. This study analyses the patterns of growth between 2001 and 2017, and the factors influencing the growth in the city of Kabul with the help of high-resolution Earth Observation-based data (EO) and spatial logistic regression modelling. We analyze settlement patterns by extracting image features from high-resolution images (aerial photographs of 2017) and terrain features as input to a random forest classifier. The urban growth is analyzed using an available built-up map (extracted from IKONOS images for the year 2001). Results indicate that unplanned settlements have grown 4.5 times during this period, whereas planned settlements have grown only 1.25 times. The unplanned settlements expanded mostly towards the west and north west parts of the city, and the growth of planned settlements happened mainly in the central and eastern parts of the city. Population density and the locations of military bases are the most important factors that influence the growth, of both planned and unplanned settlements. The growth of unplanned settlement occurs predominantly in areas of steeper slopes on the hillside, while planned settlements are on gentle slopes and closer to the institutional areas (central and eastern parts of the city). We conclude that security and availability of infrastructure were the main drivers of growth for planned settlements, whereas unplanned growth, mainly on hillsides, was driven by the availability of land with poor infrastructure.
A Novel BN Learning Algorithm Based on Block Learning Strategy
Authors: Li Xinyu , Gao Xiaoguang , Wang Chenfeng
Published: November 2020

Learning accurate Bayesian Network (BN) structures of high-dimensional and sparse data is difficult because of high computation complexity. To learn the accurate structure for high-dimensional and sparse data faster, this paper adopts a divide and conquer strategy and proposes a block learning algorithm with a mutual information based K-means algorithm (BLMKM algorithm). This method utilizes an improved K-means algorithm to block the nodes in BN and a maximum minimum parents and children (MMPC) algorithm to obtain the whole skeleton of BN and find possible graph structures based on separated blocks. Then, a pruned dynamic programming algorithm is performed sequentially for all possible graph structures to get possible BNs and find the best BN by scoring function. Experiments show that for high-dimensional and sparse data, the BLMKM algorithm can achieve the same accuracy in a reasonable time compared with non-blocking classical learning algorithms. Compared to the existing block learning algorithms, the BLMKM algorithm has a time advantage on the basis of ensuring accuracy. The analysis of the real radar effect mechanism dataset proves that BLMKM algorithm can quickly establish a global and accurate causality model to find the cause of interference, predict the detecting result, and guide the parameters optimization. BLMKM algorithm is efficient for BN learning and has practical application value.
A Co-Design-Based Reliable Low-Latency and Energy-Efficient Transmission Protocol for UWSNs
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Guo Hao , Wang Xingwang , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Chu , Guizani Mohsen , Du Xiaojiang
Published: November 2020

Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been considered as a powerful technique for many applications. However, acoustic communications in UWSNs bring in huge QoS issues for time-critical applications. Additionally, excessive control packets and multiple copies during the data transmission process exacerbate this challenge. Faced with these problems, we propose a reliable low-latency and energy-efficient transmission protocol for dense 3D underwater wireless sensor networks to improve the QoS of UWSNs. The proposed protocol exploits fewer control packets and reduces data-packet copies effectively through the co-design of routing and media access control (MAC) protocols. The co-design method is divided into two steps. First, the number of handshakes in the MAC process will be greatly reduced via our forwarding-set routing strategy under the guarantee of reliability. Second, with the help of information from the MAC process, network-update messages can be used to replace control packages through mobility prediction when choosing a route. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a considerably higher reliability, and lower latency and energy consumption in comparison with existing transmission protocols for a dense underwater wireless sensor network.
The Best Bang for the Bucks: Rethinking Global Investment in Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Cordero Sebastián , Castaño-Villa Gabriel J. , Fontúrbel Francisco E.
Published: November 2020

Biodiversity loss is a central issue in conservation biology, with protected areas being the primary approach to stop biodiversity loss. However, education has been identified as an important factor in this regard. Based on a database of threatened species and socio-economic features for 138 countries, we tested whether more protected areas or more education investment is associated with a lower proportion of threatened species (for different groups of vertebrates and plants). For this, we fitted generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) to assess the relative importance of socio-economic variables on the proportion of threatened species. We found that education investment was negatively associated with the proportion of threatened species in 2007 and 2017, as well as with their change rates. Conversely, the percentage of protected land was significant for reptiles but showed weak relationships with other groups. Our results suggest that only increasing protected areas will not stop or reduce biodiversity loss, as the context and people’s attitudes towards wildlife also play major roles here. Therefore, investing in education, in addition to protected areas, would have the missing positive effect on achieving effective species conservation actions worldwide.
Digital Preservation and Reconstruction of Old Cultural Elements in Augmented Reality (AR)
Authors: Shih Naai-Jung , Chen Hui-Xu , Chen Tzu-Yu , Qiu Yi-Ting
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to preserve traditional elements and urban fabric with enabled interaction in augmented reality (AR). Cultural elements and fabrics are mutually influential in Lukang, Taiwan. Evolved routes for tourism and religious activities have created characteristic elements and activity-based fabrics and facilities. The sustainable promotion of digital cultural assets started from photogrammetry modeling of alley space and shops. The application of AR enabled situated learning of 68 objects, including decorated façades, jar walls, the Lukang Gate, beggar seats, and other creative cultural elements. The heritages were promoted under a new interactive measure of feasibility that facilitated cultural sustainability in a remote site. A mobile interface with a convenient smartphone configured certain settings that were sufficiently flexible and easy to apply. The study presented an effective and efficient remote and situated learning process that correlated the development or setting of both locations. Correlation was achieved with a high fidelity of appearance and utilizing a flexible transformation interface. An approach, which recreated the background and formerly reconstructed objects during AR simulation, was used to verify the outcome of the situated study with conflicting qualitative and quantitative findings.
The Symbiotic Bond of Income Equality and Organizational Equilibrium
Authors: Roca-Puig Vicente
Published: November 2020

The corporate sustainability literature postulates that companies are social entities that constantly interact with the society in which they are located. Although this idea is generally accepted, one persistent research gap in this field relates to testing this connection through quantitative empirical studies. In this study, we shed light on the bidirectional relationship between income inequality and organizational equilibrium (i.e., balance in the employment relationship). From data on 2525 companies covering a nine-year period and using longitudinal structural equation modeling, findings demonstrate that equity in the distribution of resources among people in a society positively influences equity in the distribution of resources between employer and employees, and vice versa. A symbiotic union of mutual benefit between society and business is, therefore, developed over time. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are presented.
Community-Based Processes for Revitalizing Heritage: Questioning Justice in the Experimental Practice of Ecomuseums
Authors: Pappalardo Giusy
Published: November 2020

Heritage is not only what societies inherit from the past: it is also an opportunity for practicing the principles of sustainability in the making of the future. A community-based approach is pivotal for generating long lasting processes aimed at revitalizing heritage. This assertion has been widely stated in several norms and conventions, such as the 2000 European Landscape Convention and the 2005 European Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society. Some practices aimed at revitalizing heritage with a community-based approach can be ascribed to the organizational form of the so-called ecomuseums, born in France in the 1970s and today spread worldwide. Ecomuseums soon became a tool for organizing community-based processes aimed at protecting and enhancing heritage in its various facets while promoting local development. However, not every existing ecomuseum is also able to grasp the opportunity of including disadvantaged persons and guaranteeing the right to heritage for all. This paper discusses the innovative elements and criticalities of ecomuseums, questioning how could they target heritage’s enhancement as well as justice simultaneously. This paper gains evidence from an ongoing action-research process and provides policy recommendations for EU southern regions that are now starting to experiment with the practice of ecomuseums, such as Sicily (IT).
Corporate Sustainability Assessments in the Information Communication Technology Sector in Malaysia
Authors: Pranugrahaning Agnes , Denis Donovan Jerome , Topple Cheree , Kordi Masli Eryadi
Published: November 2020

The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda has further propelled the need for the private sector to engage with sustainable development. Corporate sustainability research seeks to specifically address this; however, extant literature highlights a paucity of research on how this occurs. In this study, we utilise an emerging process that has been identified to support managers in addressing sustainability—the corporate sustainability assessment (CSA). Utilising an in-depth case study and qualitative data collection, this study highlights how CSAs are a systematic and comprehensive approach to guide managers in how they can address sustainability. This study empirically examines three distinct but interconnected aspects of the CSA including the sustainability governance system, measurement of sustainability performance and sustainability reporting. With scant empirical studies on both CSAs and multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in emerging markets, this study provides unique insights into two key traits of MNEs to understand the interplay between home- and host-country contexts and the industrial sector the MNE is operating within.
A Systemic Design Approach Applied to Rice and Wine Value Chains. The Case of the InnovaEcoFood Project in Piedmont (Italy)
Authors: Fiore Eleonora , Stabellini Barbara , Tamborrini Paolo
Published: November 2020

Attention to food waste is an increasingly growing phenomenon today, especially in the context of a circular economy. The InnovaEcoFood project investigates the use of by-products of the Piedmontese rice and wine production chains to valorize their untapped potential in the food sector by applying the Systemic Design approach. We collected, systematized, and visualized a range of solutions for exploiting these by-products, starting from an in-depth literature review on the two value chains. With the support of a consortium of partners from both multidisciplinary industrial and academic sectors, it was possible to validate the links that have been generated. Eventually, the project created food products that integrated these outputs as ingredients (like flour and butter) because they have antioxidant properties and are rich in proteins. InnovaEcoFood has successfully tested how value could be created from waste. Moreover, using rice hull, marc flour, and bran lipid (butter) is of immediate technical and economic feasibility. It could be considered a viable way that deserves further experimentation.
Building Orientation in Green Facade Performance and Its Positive Effects on Urban Landscape Case Study: An Urban Block in Barcelona
Authors: Bagheri Moghaddam Faezeh , Fort Mir Josep Maria , Besné Yanguas Alia , Navarro Delgado Isidro , Redondo Dominguez Ernest
Published: November 2020

This paper addresses the effect of building orientation efficiency of the green facade in energy consumption, for which the case study is an urban block in Passeig de Gracia, L’Eixample, Barcelona. Nowadays, many countries are faced with the trouble of the deficiency of energy resources and the incapability of saving them. Most of this energy is consumed in the cooling, heating, and artificial ventilation of buildings. For this reason, the development of an integrated strategy like a green facade is essential to transform buildings into structures that consume less energy and to improve the occupants’ comfort conditions. From the perspective of the urban landscape, the green facade can influence the quality of life in cities due to its positive effects such as the purification of air, the absorption of carbon dioxide, and the mitigation of dust, as well as the aesthetic and psychological aspects. Such criteria are based on the adoption of suitable orientation for the green facade, which is the second layer of the facade in an office building with a curtain wall as the main facade. Since the most important factor in the implementation of a green facade is the building’s orientation, the optimum orientation could be the key factor in regards to the reduction of energy consumption and cost and the improvement of overall energy efficiency. We used software that helped simulate the total energy consumption, the cost, and the energy use intensity annually and monthly. Consequently, after testing was carried out, it was proven that a green facade as a second layer with a southeast and/or a southwest orientation results in the maximum energy saving in a coastal city with a Mediterranean climate like Barcelona.
Relationships between Organic Beef Production and Agro-Ecosystems in Mountain Areas: The Case of Catalan Pyrenees
Authors: Teston Marta , Villalba Daniel , Berton Marco , Ramanzin Maurizio , Sturaro Enrico
Published: November 2020

This study analyzed the link between organic beef production and agroecosystems in mountain areas and the potential effects of land use change in eight farms of Catalan Pyrenees with a three step approach: (i) assessment of structural and management features; (ii) comparison of forage productivity and manure loads of 71 farmland parcels in relation with management intensity (natural meadows, seminatural meadows, temporary crops) and, for meadow parcels, with the farmers’ willingness to convert them to temporary crops; (iii) life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts. Each farm managed around 150 ha of pastures and 23 ha of farmland (of which only 5 as temporary crops), and maintained a herd of around 130 livestock units. Forage productivity and manure loads of farmland were modest and extremely variable, and no productive advantages could be predicted from the conversion of meadows to temporary crops. Environmental impacts were mostly related to the on-farm stages, because of low-input management and very high feed self-sufficiency, and the diets used showed very low feed/food competition. These results indicate a balance between organic beef production and management of mountain agroecosystems, which is a key point for sustainability and should be a priority in European policies and strategies.
Reading-Network in Developmental Dyslexia before and after Visual Training
Authors: Taskov Tihomir , Dushanova Juliana
Published: November 2020

Electroencephalographic studies using graph-theoretic analysis have found aberrations in functional connectivity in dyslexics. How visual nonverbal training (VT) can change the functional connectivity of the reading network in developmental dyslexia is still unclear. We studied differences in the local and global topological properties of functional reading networks between controls and dyslexic children before and after VT. The minimum spanning tree method was used to construct the reading networks in multiple electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands. Compared to controls, pre-training dyslexics had a higher leaf fraction, tree hierarchy, kappa, and smaller diameter (θ—γ-frequency bands), and therefore, they had a less segregated neural network than controls. After training, the reading-network metrics of dyslexics became similar to controls. In β1 and γ-frequency bands, pre-training dyslexics exhibited a reduced degree and betweenness centrality of hubs in superior, middle, and inferior frontal areas in both brain hemispheres compared to the controls. Dyslexics relied on the left anterior temporal (β1, γ1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (γ1), while in the right hemisphere, they relied on the occipitotemporal, parietal, (β1), motor (β2, γ1), and somatosensory cortices (γ1). After training, hubs appeared in both hemispheres at the middle occipital (β), parietal (β1), somatosensory (γ1), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (γ2), while in the left hemisphere, they appeared at the middle temporal, motor (β1), intermediate (γ2), and inferior frontal cortices (γ1, β2). Language-related brain regions were more active after visual training. They contribute to an understanding of lexical and sublexical representation. The same role has areas important for articulatory processes of reading.
Local Super Antimagic Total Labeling for Vertex Coloring of Graphs
Authors: Slamin Slamin , Adiwijaya Nelly Oktavia , Hasan Muhammad Ali , Dafik Dafik , Wijaya Kristiana
Published: November 2020

Let G=(V,E) be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A local antimagic total vertex coloring f of a graph G with vertex-set V and edge-set E is an injective map from V∪E to {1,2,…,|V|+|E|} such that if for each uv∈E(G) then w(u)≠w(v), where w(u)=∑uv∈E(G)f(uv)+f(u). If the range set f satisfies f(V)={1,2,…,|V|}, then the labeling is said to be local super antimagic total labeling. This labeling generates a proper vertex coloring of the graph G with the color w(v) assigning the vertex v. The local super antimagic total chromatic number of graph G, χlsat(G) is defined as the least number of colors that are used for all colorings generated by the local super antimagic total labeling of G. In this paper we investigate the existence of the local super antimagic total chromatic number for some particular classes of graphs such as a tree, path, cycle, helm, wheel, gear, sun, and regular graphs as well as an amalgamation of stars and an amalgamation of wheels.
Small RNA Plays Important Roles in Virus–Host Interactions
Authors: Dai Hui , Gu Weifeng
Published: November 2020

Non-coding small RNAs play important roles in virus–host interactions. For hosts, small RNAs can serve as sensors in antiviral pathways including RNAi and CRISPR; for viruses, small RNAs can be involved in viral transcription and replication. This paper covers several recent discoveries on small RNA mediated virus–host interactions, and focuses on influenza virus cap-snatching and a few important virus sensors including PIR-1, RIG-I like protein DRH-1 and piRNAs. The paper also discusses recent advances in mammalian antiviral RNAi.
On the University
Authors: Saïd Edward
Published: November 2020

This article is based on a conference held at American University of Cairo and first appeared as: SAÏD, Edward W. On the University. Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, n. 25, p. 26-36, 2005.
Indicadores de Sustentabilidad turística: una aplicación metodológica para el destino Galápagos - Ecuador
Authors: Saeteros Angelica Maria , Silva Edson Vicente da , Nuñez Diego Paul Viteri
Published: November 2020

El turismo es una actividad económica considerada una excelente alternativa para el desarrollo del destinos, sin embargo las actividades económicas son las que causan mayor impacto negativo al ambiente por lo que es necesario emprender acciones para promover el desarrollo sustentable de los destinos.  Los indicadores de sustentabilidad constituyen un herramienta de desarrollo capaz de brindar informaciones para la planificación de los destinos.  El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar una propuesta que permita conocer el grado de sustentabilidad de la actividad turística en Galápagos; para ello se seleccionaron 71 indicadores agrupados en dimensiones 19 ambientales, 30 económicos, 9 sociales, 9 políticos y 4 tecnológicos. Mediante la utilización de la técnica de análisis multicriterio de programación por metas se identifico el índice de sostenibilidad de Galápagos el cuál se  encuentra por debajo de los valores deseados, la menor distancia está registrada para la dimensión política, mientras que los temas ambientales registran mayor distancia; esta situación se da debido al acelerado crecimiento del turismo que ha ocasionado mayor flujos migratorios, presión sobre los recursos naturales y el peligro permanente de introducción de especies exóticas que ponen en riesgo la conservación del los ecosistemas de Galápagos. Por lo que se insta a las autoridades instaurar políticas y acciones que minimicen los impactos y garanticen la sostenibilidad para el futuro.
INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIS TECHNO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMIMETIC CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE NANOCOMPOSITE DOPED BY SILICATE AND CARBONATE ANIONS
Authors: Troubitsin M. , Hoang Viet Hung , Furda L.
Published: November 2020

The object of our investigation is a biomimetic calcium-phosphate nanocomposite doped by silicate and carbonate anions (BMHAP) synthesized by chemical deposition from aqueous solutions. The obtained samples are investigated using X-ray phase analysis (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BET method). The influence of the techno chemical synthesis parameters on the products characteristics (including phase composition, crystal lattice parameters, average crystallite size, specific surface area) is evaluated. The study on the effect of the synthesis temperature shows that with increasing in temperature from 22°C to 80°C, reveals a slight increase in the parameters of unit cells a and c, which leads to an increase in its volume. There is also a tendency towards a decrease in the average size of coherent scattering regions of crystallites (from 7,52 to 4,65 nm) and specific surface area (from 192,51 to 74,72 m2/g), but the pore volume and average pore diameter of the synthesized powders increases. The effect of the aging time of the sediment in the mother liquor is studied from 0,5 to 24 hours. It is found that with an increase in the maturation time of the sediment, the percent crystallinity of the powders improves by 1,7 times, an increase in the specific surface area from 163,43 to 192,51 m2/g and a slight decrease in the pore volume and average pore size of the samples are observed. The impact of the stirring rate of the reagents is investigated. An increase in speed from 300 to 1300 rpm has been shown to decrease the average crystallite size from 8,80 to 6,41 nm, and as a result, to increase the specific surface area of the synthesized samples from 178,58 to

192,51 m2/g, respectively.
INFLUENCE OF NON-PLASTIC COARSE-DISPERSED COMPONENTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MATERIAL
Authors: Men'shikova V.
Published: November 2020

In modern conditions, clay raw materials of fine-grained structure are used for the production of building ceramics. The task of using coarse non-traditional non-plastic components in the compositions of ceramic masses and the choice of rational sizes of their grains is relevant. The exclusion of pre-grinding determines the reduction of energy costs and, as a result, the cost of finished products. The paper offers an optiom of using diopside concentrate of various grain sizes in compositions with minor additions of clay and sodium silicate solution. The problems of stress development at the interface of grain and ligament contact, which in case of a negative outcome do not make it possible to obtain a strong structure of a ceramic shard, are solved. The presence of an insignificant voltage formed as a result of the relationship between the diopside and the forming glass phase is revealed, this does not prevent the consideration of the probability of obtaining a ceramic material. The study of the behavior of ceramic samples containing diopside of different granulometric composition when adding a solution of sodium-silicate glass after molding and firing shows the effectiveness of using diopside concentrate in 100-150 microns. Contacts of this size of diopside are wrapped in liquid glass during molding. A glass phase is formed when fired. In this case, the diopside is partially melted, but it is preserved and exists as an independent unit. A smaller grain size during sintering requires more glass phase, which leads to structural stresses, and with a larger size, not enough glass phase is formed and the strength of the material is significantly reduced. When studying the influence of grain size on the properties of the sample, the results of water absorption indicators of 7 %, mechanical compressive strength – 36 MPa, bending strength-17 MPa are obtained. It is found that the dispersion of diopside in 100–150 microns allows to develop a technology for the use of coarse-grained raw materials in the ceramic mass
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF MACHINING WITH THE DESIGN OF THE CUTTER FOR FINISH TURNING
Authors: Titova I. , Konoplin A.
Published: November 2020

The technological process of mechanical processing of composite materials is considered. A brief description of composite materials, their physical and mechanical properties, and their structure is studied. The features of processing of glass-reinforced plastics carbon fiber reinforced plastics, organic plastics and bioplastics are reflected. The processing of composites will be difficult due to reinforcement schemes, different fiber directions and types of continuous fiber laying. All this leads to certain requirements that will be imposed on the tool and its wear rate. Tool wear consists of different types of wear – adhesive, fatigue, abrasive-mechanical, chemical. When carrying out the cutting process, it is necessary to take into account the direction of reinforcement, and therefore the direction of processing of the cutting tool. Depending on the state of the surface layer, the cutting tool required for mechanical processing is considered. The justification of the need to improve the design of the cutting tool is given. The design of the cutting head has been developed for the cutting process. It consists of roughing and finishing cutters. The values of the design parameters of the tool head are considered and selected. The optimal cutting depth for the finishing tool is determined. The geometric parameters of the finishing tool are selected experimentally, the purpose of which is to provide the required quality of processing. Using experiments, the values of the angle of deviation of the main cutting edge from the horizontal plane are found. The design of the finishing tool is described in detail, which largely eliminates the disadvantages of processing. The appearance of a leading crack when turning with a finishing tool is excluded.
Internet Of Things (Iot) Light Control System Using a Mobile-Based Raspberry Pi
Authors: Ben Azim , Adly Embara , Hasannah Devia
Published: November 2020

Internet of thing (IoT) is a concept that aims to expand the benefits of internet connectivity that is connected continuously. Internet of things (IoT) can be used in buildings to control electronic equipment such as room lights that can be operated remotely via a computer network. This study aims to build a remote control device by utilizing internet technology to carry out the mobile-based light control process. The research was conducted by building a prototype and mobile-based application using the python programming language. In this study, there is a control feature, namely one light control which is used to turn on one lamp and two controls used to turn on the lamp simultaneously.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Enhancing the Innovative Learning Process
Authors: Adam Frans , Ray Gilbert
Published: November 2020

The most significant instruments in the learning cycle are the educator and learning media. Obviously, the utilization and choice of fitting instructional media completed by an instructor will have an impact on the cycle and consequences of the learning. For this situation, data and correspondence innovation based learning media is the most significant thing in the advancement of the universe of training. Data and Communication Technology (ICT) is a program for instruments, control and passing on of data and information to make it simpler in the learning cycle in the homeroom. With ICT-based learning media, understudies can create thinking abilities and improve instructor aptitudes expertly. Educators become more propelled and inventive in homeroom learning. The reason for this investigation was to decide the function of educators in utilizing learning media dependent on Information and Communication Technology.
SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN SASAK LANGUAGE OF MENO-MENE DIALECT: A TYPOLOGY AND LFG APPROACH
Authors: Hijriati Sartika
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze the semantic types, the characteristics, and the constituent structure and functional structure of Sasak serial verb constructions. The theory of Typology and Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) were used to analyze the data. The data in this research were taken from the uttarances of speakers of meno-mene dialect of Sasak. This study is designed as a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected through observation, interview, and reflective-introspective methods with recording and elicitation techniques. The results show that Sasak serial verb constructions have ten semantic types, which are motion, direction, instrument, comitative, manner, aspect and mood, benefactive, causative, cause-effect, and synonym. Based on the phonological, morphological and syntactical characteristics, Sasak serial verb constructions have the following characteristics: (1) They fall under one intonation contour, 2) They form mono-clause as a single predicate, 3) They have verb markers that occur only on one verb or each verb obtains the same marker, 4) They share aspect, mood, negation, and 5) They share the same arguments. The analysis of constituent structure and functional structure shows that Sasak serial verb constructions have V-V stucture, and X-COMP or X-ADJ structure.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tipe-tipe semantik, ciri-ciri, dan struktur konstituen dan struktur fungsional pada konstruksi verba serial Bahasa Sasak. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah teori tipologi dan tata bahasa leksikal fungsional. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan introspektif-reflektif dengan teknik rekam dan pancing. Hasil analisis menunjukkan konstruksi verba serial bahasa Sasak memiliki sepuluh tipe semantik untuk menunjukkan gerakan, arah, instrumen, komitatif, kecaraan, aspek dan modal, benefaktif, kausatif, sebab-akibat, dan sinonim. Berdasarkan ciri-ciri fonologis, morfologis dan sintaksis, verba serial Bahasa Sasak memiliki ciri: 1) konstruksi verba serial Bahasa Sasak dilafalkan dalam satu intonasi, 2) konstruksi verba serial Bahasa Sasak ialah monoklausa dan berperilaku sebagai predikat tunggal, 3) pemarkah verba serial Bahasa Sasak pada salah satu atau tiap-tiap verba dengan pemarkah yang sama, 4) verba serial Bahasa Sasak berbagi aspek, modal dan negasi, dan 5) verba serial Bahasa Sasak berbagi argumen dalam konstruksinya. Analisis terhadap struktur konstituen dan struktur fungsional menunjukkan verba serial bahasa Sasak memiliki stuktur V-V dan struktur X-KOMP atau X-ADJ.Keywords: serial verb constructions, Sasak, typology, Lexical Functional Grammar
PENGARUH INTEGRATIVE LEARNING TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH FISIKA SISWA
Authors: Islami Anggun Variasi
Published: November 2020

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the effect of concepts acquisition and problem-solving abilities of physics among students who learned with integrative learning and guided inquiry. Research was a quasi experimental. The sample consisted of 68 students of class X SMAN 2 Malang, East Java. Research carried out for 6 weeks. Both classes were given a multiple choice test for concepts acquisition and essay for problem-solving abilities. Research showed that student’s concepts acquisition and problem-solving abilities on class integrative learning higher than class guided inquiry Key Word: integrative learning , problem solving ability, concepts acquasition Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika antara siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui integrative learning dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui inkuiri terbimbing. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Sampelnya terdiri dari 68 siswa kelas X  SMAN 2 Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 minggu. Kedua kelas diberikan tes berupa soal pilihan ganda untuk penguasaan konsep dan soal essay untuk kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa yang belajar menggunakan integrative learning lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang belajar dengan inkuiri terbimbing. Kata kunci: integrative learning, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, penguasaan konsep