bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los microrrelatos de Cecilia Eudave: improbables microcolapsos
Authors: Nava Hernández Marisol
Published: January 2022

La escritora mexicana Cecilia Eudave (1968) posee una obra sólida expuesta en ensayos, novelas, cuentos y microrrelatos. Estos últimos se encuentran principalmente en Para viajeros improbables (2011) y Microcolapsos (2017). De acuerdo con varios teóricos como David Roas, estos textos de Cecilia Eudave poseen las cualidades de la narratividad y brevedad, apoyados por rasgos formales (tramas sencillas, personajes con escasa descripción, espacio reducido o ausente, tiempo abreviado mediante la elipsis, pocos diálogos, final sorpresivo, títulos significativos y experimentación lingüística) y rasgos temáticos (intertextualidad e intención crítica). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características discursivas, formales y temáticas de los microrrelatos de Eudave que confluyen en su propuesta estética; en ese sentido, al final nos enfocaremos en siete de sus mejores microrrelatos: «Vendas», «Hormigas», «La mascota imaginaria», «Cocodrilocabezas», «La amante del té», «Laberinto» y «De natura», los cuales devienen fantásticos, género al que la autora ha dedicado espléndidas páginas.
Synthesis and diverse biological activity profile of triethylammonium isatin-3-hydrazones
Authors: Bogdanov Andrei , Tsivileva Olga , Voloshina Alexandra , Lyubina Anna , Amerhanova Syumbelya , Burtceva Ekaterina , Bukharov Sergey , Samorodov Alexander , Pavlov Valentin
Published: January 2022

A series of biorelevant triethylammonium isatin hydrazones containing various substituents in the aromatic fragment have been synthesized. Their structure and composition were confirmed by NMR- and IR-spectroscopies, mass-spectrometry and elemental analysis. It was found that some representatives show activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus higher or at the level of norfloxacin, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study also showed low hemo- and cytotoxicity (Chang Liver) and high antiaggregatory and anticoagulant activity of these compounds. The high potential of new ammonium isatin-3-acylhydrazones in the search for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens of bacterial and fungal nature has been shown for the first time.
Nickel contamination analysis at cost-effective silver printed paper-based electrodes based on carbon black dimethylglyoxime ink as electrode modifier
Authors: Pokpas Keagan , Jahed Nazeem , Bezuidenhout Petrone , Smith Suzanne , Land Kevin , Iwuoha Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

Electrochemical detection of metal cations at paper-based sensors has been suggested as an attractive alternative to current spectroscopic and chromatographic detection techniques due to the ease of fabrication, disposable nature, and low cost. Herein, a novel carbon black (CB), dimethylglyoxime (DMG) ink is designed as an electrode modifier in conjunction with 3-electrode inkjet-printed paper substrates for use in the adsorptive stripping voltammetric electroanalysis of nickel cations in water samples. The developed method provides a novel, low-cost, rapid, and portable adsorptive stripping detection approach towards metal analysis in the absence of the commonly used toxic metallic films. The study demonstrated a novel approach to nickel detection at paper-based sensors and builds on previous work in the field of paper-based metal analysis by limiting the use of toxic metal films. The device sensitivity is improved by increasing the active surface area, electron transfer kinetics, and catalytic effects associated with non-conductive dimethylglyoxime films through CB nanoparticles for the first time and confirmed by electroanalysis. The first use of the CB-DMG ink allows for the selective preconcentration of analyte at the electrode surface without the use of toxic Mercury or Bismuth metallic films. Compared to similarly reported paper-based sensors, improved limits of detection (48 µg L-1), selectivity, and intermetallic interferences were achieved. The method was applied to the detection of nickel in water samples well below World Health Organization (WHO) standards.
Review of the method design and additive manufacturing of gears
Authors: Łuszczek Jakub
Published: January 2022

Additive manufacturing technology is one of the main components of the fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0. Over the last decades, the increase in the dynamics of the development of this technology manifests itself in the form of a wide spectrum of implementations of the methods in the production processes of many elements. This paper presents the latest achievements in the production of gears where the additive technologies have been applied with the use of polymers and metallic materials. The most frequently used methods in this field were indicated, as well as problems related to geometric accuracy or fatigue life of elements manufactured with the use of the methods mentioned. In addition, future directions of gear design, the implementation of which was possible thanks to the use of AM, as well as the scope of research that should be undertaken in this area in the future, were defined.
Keywords: mechanical engineering, manufacturing technologies, additive manufacturing, gears
The potential of HVO as a highly reactive biofuel in dual fuel systems
Authors: Chojnowski Janusz , Nogas Patrycja
Published: January 2022

In times of increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from the automotive sector, engineers and researchers are finding effective solutions to achieve this goal. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or reducing the carbon content in the fuel burned. The combination of both of these assumptions can be the use of modern dual-fuel systems for diesel engines in which the pilot dose of highly reactive fuel is hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which is an ecological substitute for diesel oil. The topic of the use of HVO as a pilot fuel is empirically unexplored, however the available information on it indicates the validity of such applications.
Modern mine scattering systems
Authors: Tomica Dawid , Rubiec Arkadiusz
Published: January 2022

For years, mine weapons have been irreplaceable on the battlefield. Using of fully mechanized mine scattering systems made it possible to reduce the direct exposure of soldiers to the enemy's fire, minimize losses and significantly hasten the work. The article presents a comparative analysis of modern mine scattering systems, as well as outlined further research directions related to this topic.
Key words: mine explosive barriers, mine scattering systems, pyrotechnic systems
Deposition Tantalum Nitride on LDX 2101 Duplex Stainless Steel by Reactive Sputtering in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Al-Murshdy J.M.S.
Published: January 2022

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Study of the harmful factors influence on the occupational risk level: the example of the Ukrainian mining industry
Authors: Kruzhilko O.
Published: January 2022

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Investigation of the efficiency of restrained oil displacement using of enhancing oil recovery methods
Authors: Uhrynovskyi A.V.
Published: January 2022

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ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE IDOSOS ASSISTIDOS POR UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DO INTERIOR PAULISTA
Authors: Bóia Juliana Santos , Morais Vitoria Eduarda Fernandes de , Ignacio Junior Aparecido , Lenquiste Sabrina Alves , Gomes Rayana Loch
Published: January 2022

The aim was to verify the association between food insecurity (FI) and food consumption of elderly people assisted by a Family Health Strategy (FHE). Sixteen elderly people, of both sexes, with a mean age of 69.13 years and BMI of 29.23 kg/m2 were evaluated. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall were used. Weight and height were taken from the patients' records. It was observed that 37.5% of the elderly were in mild AI, 31.25% in moderate AI, 18.75% in severe AI and only 12.5% in food security. Individuals do not consume skimmed milk and have frequent intake of eggs, sausages, margarine, refined cereals, industrialized beverages, sweets and candies. And little or no use of olive oil and whole grains. No significant association between AI and food consumption. It is concluded that there was no association between food insecurity and food consumption in elderly people assisted by an ESF.
A RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA E CUSTOS DE CUIDADO DE SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Tiago de Oliveira , Ortega Luis do Nascimento
Published: January 2022

There is a growing concern about the multi-resistant capabilities presented by microorganisms to antimicrobials. Society is harmed by the redirection of financial resources from other areas, also lacking the population, to purchase more potent antimicrobials and in larger quantities. This study describes the consumption of antimicrobial drugs and their impact generated through a systematic review, following the recommendations of the Prisma method. Searches were performed in four databases (Portal BVS, PubMed, Embase and Science Direct). A total of 196 articles were found, 11 of which were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. A prospective study showed that the difference in expenditures can reach $31.17 patients/day between prophylactics and those with nosocomial infections. Studies have shown that the increase in costs is related to the increase in the length of stay. Mortality and admission to the ICU also increased. Further studies with high levels of evidence are recommended.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY DISEASE: ROLE OF IMAGES
Authors: Santos Vitorino Modesto dos , Modesto Laura Campos
Published: January 2022

This manuscript about myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) based on published studies aims to enhance the awareness of primary health workers about this potentially serious condition that often poses diagnostic challenges. Two Brazilian, one Chilean, and one Turkish studies are commented on, and the role of imaging evaluations to establish the diagnosis is emphasized.
Evaluating Federated Learning Scenarios in a Tumor Classification Application
Authors: Brum Rafaela C. , Teodoro George , Drummond Lúcia , Arantes Luciana , Castro Maria Clicia , Sens Pierre
Published: January 2022

Federated Learning is a new area of distributed Machine Learning (ML) that emerged to deal with data privacy concerns. In this approach, each client has access to a local and private dataset. They only exchange the model weights and updates. This paper presents a Federated Learning (FL) approach to a cloud Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) application. The results show that the FL approach outperformed the centralized one in all evaluated ML metrics. It also reduced the execution time although the financial cost has increased.
Análise do Comportamento das Operações de Entrada e Saída de um Workflow Científico de Alto Desempenho
Authors: Cruz Lucas , Coelho Micaella , Gadelha Luiz , Osthoff Carla , Ocaña Kary
Published: January 2022

Apresentamos uma análise do comportamento das operações de E/S da versão do workflow científico ParslRNA-Seq, acoplada a ambientes de CAD. O artigo traz discussões sobre a eleição de quais modificações na modelagem do workflow levam à melhora do desempenho e escalabilidade computacional, baseado em redução de gastos em operações de E/S.
Die Anspruchsberechtigung für kartellrechtliche Schadensersatz- und Abwehransprüche aus Verstößen gegen EU-Kartellrecht
Authors: Eilers Konrad
Published: January 2022

Der Autor dieses Werkes analysiert die praktische Fragestellung, wer im Falle der Verletzung der Art. 101 und Art. 102 AEUV im Rahmen von kartellrechtlichen Schadensersatz- und Abwehransprüchen anspruchsberechtigt ist. Es wird zunächst untersucht, welche dogmatische Struktur die Ansprüche aufweisen und welche Elemente primärrechtlich zu beurteilen sind. Es schließt sich eine Funktionsanalyse der Art. 101 und Art. 102 AEUV und der kartellrechtlichen Ansprüche an. Im Hauptteil wird sodann unter Auswertung dieser Funktionen die Anspruchsberechtigung abstrakt bestimmt. Es werden die Auswirkungen von Verstößen gegen das europäische Kartellrecht dargestellt, was eine Typisierung von Geschädigten und eine Einordnung der Fallgruppen ermöglicht.
Weltöffentlichkeit und Diktatur.
Authors: Domeier Norman
Published: January 2022

Das enge Zusammenspiel von NS-Regime und amerikanischen Journalisten.

Hitlers »Drittes Reich« war nie eine hermetisch abgeriegelte Diktatur. Vielmehr war NS-Deutschland bis in das Frühjahr 1945 hinein sehr aktiv und gut vernetzt im globalen Medienmarkt. Norman Domeier nimmt erstmals die amerikanischen Auslandskorrespondenten in Deutschland in den Blick - vom Aufstieg Hitlers in den 1920er Jahren bis zum Nürnberger Prozess 1945/46. Als politische Akteure besaßen die Amerikaner bis zum Dezember 1941 einen festen Platz in der NS-Polykratie:

Bei großen politischen Aktionen der Nationalsozialisten waren sie vorab informiert, bei vielen Medienereignissen waren sie Schlüsselpersonen.

Die Studie enthüllt zahlreiche Staats- und Weltkriegsgeheimnisse, welche die transatlantischen und globalen Beziehungen in jener Epoche in neuem Licht erscheinen lassen. Die US-Medien blieben auch zwischen 1942 und 1945 beim Kriegsgegner präsent: Associated Press (AP), die bis heute größte Nachrichtenagentur der Welt, kooperierte mit dem nationalsozialistischen Regime während des gesamten Zweiten Weltkrieges. Dies kann auch die Ignoranz der amerikanischen Medien gegenüber dem Mord an den europäischen Juden neu erklären: Durch die tägliche Flut an Nachrichten und Pressefotos aus dem NS-Herrschaftsbereich stellte sich eine mediale Saturiertheit ein, die eigene Recherchen nach brisanten Geschichten überflüssig erscheinen ließ.
Ultraviolett
Authors: Müller Olaf L.
Published: January 2022

Der Physiker und der Dichter: Im Jahr 1801 entdeckte J. Ritter die UV-Strahlung, doch die Anregungen dazu gab Goethe.

Im Februar 1801 entdeckte der junge, romantische Experimentalphysiker Johann Ritter in Jena die UV-Strahlung. Diese epochale Tat war nicht allein sein Werk: Er baute auf Goethes Optik auf, nutzte dessen wissenschaftliche Methode, teilte dessen Ziele und bekam von ihm wichtige Anregungen. Bereits am Tag nach seiner Entdeckung besuchte Ritter Goethe und zeigte ihm das Experiment - so dankbar war er dem Dichter.

In seiner Studie erzählt Olaf Müller den faszinierenden Weg zur Entdeckung des Ultravioletten. Er beginnt 1791 mit Goethes Protest gegen Newtons Farbtheorie. Kurz darauf hatte der Dichter alles beisammen, um als erster die Wirkungen des UV-Lichts zu sehen; doch an der Entdeckung schrammte er knapp vorbei. Nachdem er Ritter 1798 kennengelernt hatte, spornten beide einander in ihrer Forschung immer weiter an. Die wechselvolle Geschichte ihrer Zusammenarbeit bis zu Ritters tragischem Tod 1810 wird hier zum ersten Mal als Doppelbiographie umfassend dargestellt - einschließlich Ritters Nachleben im Faust und in den Wahlverwandtschaften. Wir müssen unser Goethe-Bild revidieren: Einer der großen Physiker um 1800 nahm seine Optik ernst.
Blut und Metall
Authors: Steffen Katrin
Published: January 2022

Wissensgenerierung und Handlungsoptionen für Wissenschaftler im 20. Jahrhundert in Deutschland und in Polen.

Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts hatte die Erforschung von Stoffen wie Blut und Metallen Hochkonjunktur. Katrin Steffen zeichnet in einer Doppelbiographie, wie der Serologe Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884-1954) und der Metallurge Jan Czochralski (1885-1953) als international anerkannte Spitzenforscher maßgeblich dazu beitrugen und ganz neue Wege der Forschung beschritten.

Die Autorin betrachtet lokale Arbeitsumfelder in verschiedenen Laboren in Deutschland, der Schweiz, Serbien, Polen und den USA in Kombination mit transnationalen epistemischen Gemeinschaften, um aufzuzeigen, wie Wissen generiert wurde. Im Zeitalter der Weltkriege und der zunehmenden »Nützlichkeit« von Wissenschaft für die Nationalstaatsbildung war die Expertise beider Wissenschaftler eine Schlüsselressource für gesellschaftliche Systeme wie Militär, Industrie oder der Biopolitik. Dies erzeugte sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Polen ein komplexes Feld von nationalstaatlicher Loyalität, wissenschaftlicher Unabhängigkeit und epistemischer Ideale. Es führte auch zu Situationen von Anfeindung und Verfolgung, die für Ludwik Hirszfeld aufgrund seiner jüdischen Herkunft während des Zweiten Weltkriegs besonders drastisch war.
Transformationen der Zeugenschaft
Authors: Schuch Daniel
Published: January 2022

Zum Wandel von Zeugenschaft in wiederholten Befragungen von Holocaust-Überlebenden

Was können wir aus den Erzählungen von Holocaust-Überlebenden lernen und warum erwarten wir von ihnen moralische Botschaften als Lehre aus den NS-Verbrechen? Diesen Fragen geht Daniel Schuch anhand von detaillierten Interviewanalysen nach. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet das bis heute kaum rezipierte Interviewprojekt von David P. Boder. Der lettisch-amerikanische Psychologe zeichnete bereits 1946 erstmals Stimmen von Überlebenden der NS-Verfolgung auf Tonband auf. Die Erzählungen dienten ihm als Forschungsmaterial, um die traumatischen Auswirkungen der Extremerfahrung zu analysieren. Boders Interviews gerieten in Vergessenheit. Jahrzehnte später erlebten Videointerviews mit Zeugen der NS-Verbrechen einen wahren Boom. Einige Personen, die Boder 1946 befragt hatte, wurden jeweils erneut in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren als Zeitzeugen interviewt. Durch den Vergleich von fünf jüdischen Überlebenden, die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten befragt wurden, lassen sich deutliche Transformationsprozesse der Zeugenschaft aufzeigen. Daniel Schuch analysiert Kontinuität und Wandel im Wiedererzählen der Überlebenden sowie die Auswirkungen von veränderten Erwartungshaltungen des jeweiligen Gegenübers.
Der hörende Mensch in der Moderne
Authors: Fitzner Frauke
Published: January 2022

Um 1900 entsteht ein neues Hören: von der Medialisierung durch die phonographische Technik bis zu Arnold Schönbergs Emanzipation der Dissonanz.

Wie hören wir Musik? Am Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts treffen mehrere Entwicklungen aufeinander, die dazu führen, dass diese Frage neu beantwortet wird: die Technisierung des Hörens durch den Phonographen und das Grammophon, die Verwissenschaftlichung durch Psychologie und Ethnologie und die Umbrüche in der Kompositionspraxis und -theorie. Es entsteht ein selbstreflexives Hören - der hörende Mensch in der Moderne hört in der Musik auch die Bedingungen seines eigenen Hörens. Zugleich öffnet sich das Hören bis hin zur musikalischen Wahrnehmung von Klängen, die zuvor als unmusikalisch galten, etwa von Dissonanzen oder ethnographischen Tonaufnahmen von Musik aus dem Hörer unbekannten Kulturen. Damit werden vermeintliche Gewissheiten über Musik in Frage gestellt und das europäische, bildungsbürgerliche Ohr wird herausgefordert. Diese epistemischen Verschiebungen verfolgt Frauke Fitzner quer durch den deutschsprachigen Musikdiskurs zwischen 1880 und 1930 und entwickelt aus ihnen eine Medientheorie des Musikhörens in der Moderne.
Der Stern, das Gebet, ein Narr
Authors: Shahar Galili
Published: January 2022

Eine neue Perspektive innerhalb der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur.

Galili Shahar diskutiert die Frage der Tradition in den Schriften von Walter Benjamin, Franz Rosenzweig und Franz Kafka und beschäftigt sich dabei mit Themen wie Sabbatianismus, Messianismus, Engelslehren und liturgische Dichtung. Der Autor bietet eine neue Perspektive innerhalb der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur an, die jedoch auf die Dialektik der jüdischen Tradition nicht verzichtet. Konkret bedeutet das, den paradoxalen Aspekt im jüdischen Schreiben anzuerkennen und zugleich die dialektische Form zu bekräftigen - ihre List und ihre verschiedenen Formen der Offenbarung und der Verborgenheit zu erlernen.

Im Vordergrund stehen Benjamins Text über den Stern der Melancholie, Rosenzweigs Auseinandersetzungen über die Übersetzung hebräischer Dichtung und Kafkas Schreiben über Narrenspiele. Deutlich werden Spannungen, ambivalente Loyalitäten, Irrwege sowie das Schauspiel im Bereich der Tradition.
Die Freiheit zum Tode
Authors: Bormuth Matthias
Published: January 2022

Ein Essay über Wolfgang Herrndorfs Blog »Arbeit und Struktur«, in dem er sein Schreiben, Sterben und seine Freiheit zum Tode reflektiert.

Kurz nachdem Wolfgang Herrndorf 2010 an einem Hirntumor erkrankte, begann er den Blog Arbeit und Struktur. Der Titel war Programm. Nun fand er die Energie und Entschlossenheit, Tschick abzuschließen, Sand zu schreiben und an Bilder deiner großen Liebe zu arbeiten. In den bald täglichen Einträgen im Blog dachte Herrndorf in seltener Klarheit auch über den möglichen Suizid nach, vor allem angesichts der Tatsache, dass der Tumor ihm zuletzt jede Selbstkontrolle rauben könnte. So verfolgte er aufmerksam die öffentlichen Debatten zum selbstbestimmten Sterben, getragen vom Vertrauen, mit Laptop und Revolver als Insignien der Freiheit der eigenen Situation begegnen zu können. Zudem boten literarische Erkundungen, vor allem zu Goethes Werther und Dostojewskijs Romanen die Chance, die Liebe zum Leben und die Freiheit zum Tode ins eigene Bewusstsein zu heben. Sein Blog, dessen erste Resonanzen der Essay ebenfalls nachzuzeichnen sucht, gilt heute aufgrund der kompromisslosen Klarheit nach Jean Amérys Diskurs über den Freitod als Klassiker des suizidalen Denkens.
Wissen in Fällen
Authors: Ohlenbusch Sabine
Published: January 2022

Wie immer ging es um Drama, Sex and Crime: Der Psychiater Richard von Krafft-Ebing nutzte die persönlichen Lebensgeschichten seiner Patienten als Anschauungsmaterial in seinen Fachbüchern, um das Interesse einer breiteren Leserschaft zu gewinnen. So hatten gewalttätige Ehemänner, deviante Sexualpraktiken und tötende Psychopathen ihren Auftritt in Krafft-Ebings ungemein erfolgreichen wissenschaftlichen Texten.

Die Geschichten kamen aus dem echten Leben des späten 19. Jahrhunderts – und sie haben Spuren in den handschriftlichen Aufzeichnungen Krafft-Ebings hinterlassen, denen Sabine Ohlenbusch in ihrem Buch nachgeht.

Besonders Krafft-Ebings »Psychopathia sexualis« wurde auch einem Laienpublikum durch die oft anzüglichen Fälle bekannt, die er hier ausbreitet. Wie es dazu kam, wird erst vor dem Hintergrund der weniger bekannten, aber für die Psychiatrie der Zeit eminent wichtigen Schriften deutlich. Besonders das klinische Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie entfaltete seine Bedeutung durch eine seinerzeit innovative kleinteilige Gliederung in psychiatrische Krankheitsbilder. Diese ordneten die Krankengeschichten aus Krafft-Ebings ärztlicher Praxis. Er schrieb die Fälle auf kleine Zettel, machte farbige Anmerkungen, sortierte die Notizen und klebte sie zu Manuskripten zusammen, um so das Anschauungsmaterial für seine Werke zu gewinnen. Hinter den weit verbreiteten und beliebten Büchern standen die Schreibstrategien eines Lehrbuchverfassers, der Texte für seine wissenschaftliche Karriere, für die Etablierung der Psychiatrie als medizinisches Fach und nicht zuletzt im Sinne der finanziellen Interessen seines Verlegers schrieb. Wissen in Fällen zeigt eindrücklich, wie Krafft-Ebings Schreibpraxis seine Bücher und die Psychiatrie popularisierte.
Principles and Modes of Distillation in Desalination Process
Authors: Sadiq Isah Abubakar , Takaijudin Husna , Singh Mahinder Singh Balbir
Published: January 2022

Distillation has been a very important separation technique used over many centuries. This technique is diverse and applicable in different fields and for different substances. Distillation is important in the desalination section. Various principles are used in desalting seawater and brackish water to fulfill the demands of freshwater. This work explains the modes and principles of distillation in desalination, their types, present improvement, challenges, and limitations as well as possible future improvements. The first and primary mode of distillation is the passive type. As times went by and the demand for freshwater kept increasing, other modes were introduced and these modes fall under the active distillation type. However, each mode has its own advantages, disadvantages, and limitations over each other. The principles and modes of distillation are as significant as understanding the energy sources needed for distillation. Hence, they are the basic knowledge needed for future innovation in the desalination industries.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula
Authors: Francis Sam Amal , Yogendra Yadav Anil
Published: January 2022

Conventionally, oxygen is given at 4 to 6 L/min through nasal cannula for supplementation of oxygen. The FiO2 achieved through this can be up to 0.4. Flows more than this can cause dryness to the nasal mucosa without much increase in the FiO2. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) uses flow up to 60 L/min. Positive end-expiratory pressure is created in the nasopharynx and it is also conducted to the lower airways. Studies have shown HFNC improves washout of CO2 and decreases respiratory rate. Patient compliance also improves due to the comfort of the cannula compared to the non-invasive ventilation through a mask.
Recombinant Human Interferon-Gamma: Prospects for the Treatment of Chronic Epstein-Barr Viral Infection
Authors: A. Rakityanskaya Irina , S. Ryabova Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is about 90% among people over the age of 40. The EBV causes a chronic infection that is characterized by chronic or recurrent symptoms and persists for a long time. Recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has high clinical and antiviral efficacy in the treatment of herpesvirus infections. 110 patients with chronic EBV infection were examined. The patients were divided into three groups for different treatment regimens: Group 1—IFN-γ therapy (15 injections of Ingaron i/m, 500,000 IU every other day); Group 2—valaciclovir (Valtrex 500 mg × 2 times/day, orally for 2 months); Group 3—valganciclovir (Valcyte 450 mg × 2 times/day, orally for 2 months) and IFN-γ (10–20 injections of Ingaron i/m, 500,000 IU every other day). The best results were obtained in group 3–73.07% negative PCR. In this group, the combination of valganciclovir + IFN-γ was different. We showed that the efficacy of therapy in patients with chronic EBV is determined by the duration of INF-γ administration. We also determined spontaneous and induced production of IFN-α and -γ cytokines in serum and in lymphocyte culture. We demonstrated that in patients with an initially low level of induced IFN-γ, the production of this cytokine significantly increased in three months after the end of therapy.
Bleeding after Hysterectomy: Recommendations and What to Expect
Authors: Ancuța Eugen , Zamfir Radu , Martinescu Gabriel , Crauciuc Eduard , Sofroni Dumitru , Sofroni Larisa , Guțu Lilian , Ancuța Codrina , Valentin Crauciuc Dragoș
Published: January 2022

Bleeding after gynecological surgery remains an infrequent life-threatening complication, demanding appropriate medical and surgical management. Classified as early/“reactionary” and delayed/secondary, unexpected postoperative hemorrhage may arise regardless of the route or subtype of hysterectomy. Timely recognition and prompt intervention to arrest bleeding are essential strategies for the suitable outcome of the patient. The present chapter presents an overview on different aspects of bleeding after hysterectomy such as incidence rate, risk factors, mechanisms, and management techniques aiming to expand knowledge and skills in recognizing and treating this unpredicted potentially serious problem. Furthermore, we intend to offer a guide toward standardizing treatment practice across bleeding issues following hysterectomy considering clear recommendations and algorithms.
Biogas Generation from Co-Digestion Waste Systems: The Role of Water Hyacinth
Authors: A. Adelodun Adedeji , M. Olajire Temitope , Mary Ojo Ochuko
Published: January 2022

Using biomass as a renewable energy source has earned tremendous interest from researchers in recent decades, especially because the technology is environmentally benign. This article reviews the recent methods for generating biogas from water hyacinth (WH, Eichornia crassipes), arguably the world’s most evasive aquatic macrophyte. Therefore, various economic, environmentally benign, and renewable procedures that enhance biogas production from WH biomass are reviewed. WH has been co-digested with numerous waste types, including poultry droppings, municipal wastes, animal tissue wastes, pig wastes, cow dungs, etc., recording varying success degrees. Other studies focused on optimizing the operation parameters, such as mixing ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, organic loading rate, etc. We observed that most attempts to generate biogas from WH alone were not promising. However, when co-digested with other biomasses or wastes, WH either increases the process rate or improves the methane yield content. Also, the potential of WH as a phytoremdiator-cum-biogas source was investigated. This chapter provides mathematical models, scale-up installation models, and specific experimental results from various studies to guide future study plans toward optimizing CH4 generation from WH co-digestion.
A Review on the Resistance and Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Different Microbial Strains
Authors: Girdhar Madhuri , Tabassum Zeba , Singh Kopal , Mohan Anand
Published: January 2022

Heavy metals accumulated the earth crust and causes extreme pollution. Accumulation of rich concentrations of heavy metals in environments can cause various human diseases which risks health and high ecological issues. Mercury, arsenic, lead, silver, cadmium, chromium, etc. are some heavy metals harmful to organisms at even very low concentration. Heavy metal pollution is increasing day by day due to industrialization, urbanization, mining, volcanic eruptions, weathering of rocks, etc. Different microbial strains have developed very efficient and unique mechanisms for tolerating heavy metals in polluted sites with eco-friendly techniques. Heavy metals are group of metals with density more than 5 g/cm3. Microorganisms are generally present in contaminated sites of heavy metals and they develop new strategies which are metabolism dependent or independent to tackle with the adverse effects of heavy metals. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Cyanobacteria uses in bioremediation technique and acts a biosorbent. Removal of heavy metal from contaminated sites using microbial strains is cheaper alternative. Mostly species involved in bioremediation include Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species and some of bacillus species too in bacteria. Aspergillus and Penicillin species used in heavy metal resistance in fungi. Various species of the brown algae and Cyanobacteria shows resistance in algae.
Tracing the Local Breeds in an Outdoor System – A Hungarian Example with Mangalica Pig Breed
Authors: Alexy Márta , Horváth Tomáš
Published: January 2022

Pig farming is largely characterized by closed, large-scale housing technology. These systems are driven by resource efficiency. In intensive technologies, humans control almost completely. However, there are pig farming systems where humans have just little control. These free-range technologies are called organic pig farming systems in which the quality characteristics of the produced meat sold on a premium price are primary. We present the practical difficulties that are challenging in implementing precision pig farming. We characterize the data science methods that determine the reliability of our conclusions. This chapter describes the literature on the behavior and production results of pigs, social aspects, and the possibilities of the certified meat supply chain. Digital solutions can be implemented to verify and trace the origin of meat products. In our project, Mangalica breeding sows were tagged with passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and a research zone was established at wallowing area. RFID readers record the presence of sows in this zone. In addition, temperature, humidity, and air pressure are recorded hourly for 24 hours a day. Data are analyzed using visualization and data science techniques. We present our interim results and conditions of the experiment in this chapter.
Network Strategy for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Peña Ramírez Camilo , Levy Alberto
Published: January 2022

Networks are an emerging area within the literature related to how entrepreneurs transfer knowledge, seek partnerships, and ultimately interact with others. Some terms with which this area has been defined are Business Networks, Knowledge Networks & Collaboration Networks. It is a cross-cutting phenomenon in various areas of knowledge, such as open innovation and entrepreneurship. However, the relevance of the use of networks for entrepreneurs and the development of global start-ups leads us to the need to propose a conceptual framework for the planning and administration of these business networks. It is an analytical investigation with a case study methodology. They are cases of the cities of Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Santiago (Chile) mainly of consulting and software services. From the models usually used in entrepreneurship, those with integrated tools and methodologies for the development of business networks by founders or administrators of start-ups.
Patient Safety in Hemodialysis
Authors: De Paula Faria Rocha Renata
Published: January 2022

Patient safety addresses the risks involved in health care, simplifying or eliminating adverse events, these are defined as incidents that occur during the provision of health care and that result in harm to the patient. Health care is increasingly complex and can increase the potential for incidents, errors or failures to occur. Hemodialysis is a technically complex procedure, with many potential sources of error and which can cause harm to patients. Dialysis is a therapy that in recent years has benefited many patients, but it is a care process that involves important dangers and risks. Hemodialysis is a hospital sector with a great risk potential for the occurrence of adverse events, this occurs for several reasons such as complex procedures, the use of high technology, the characteristic of chronic kidney disease, the high use of medications. Strategies need to be taken to reduce the occurrence of adverse events, thus ensuring the quality of dialysis, consequently the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis treatment.
Cryopreservation Methods and Frontiers in the Art of Freezing Life in Animal Models
Authors: S. Aljaser Feda
Published: January 2022

The development in cryobiology in animal breeding had revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine. The main objective to preserve animal germplasm stems from variety of reasons such as conservation of endangered animal species, animal diversity, and an increased demand of animal models and/or genetically modified animals for research involving animal and human diseases. Cryopreservation has emerged as promising technique for fertility preservation and assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for production of animal breeds and genetically engineered animal species for research. Slow rate freezing and rapid freezing/vitrification are the two main methods of cryopreservation. Slow freezing is characterized by the phase transition (liquid turning into solid) when reducing the temperature below freezing point. Vitrification, on the other hand, is a phenomenon in which liquid solidifies without the formation of ice crystals, thus the process is referred to as a glass transition or ice-free cryopreservation. The vitrification protocol applies high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPA) used to avoid cryoinjury. This chapter provides a brief overview of fundamentals of cryopreservation and established methods adopted in cryopreservation. Strategies involved in cryopreserving germ cells (sperm and egg freezing) are included in this chapter. Last section describes the frontiers and advancement of cryopreservation in some of the important animal models like rodents (mouse and rats) and in few large animals (sheep, cow etc).
Anatomy, Sonographic Features, and Dimensional Variations of Spleen among Individuals with Different Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Measurement
Authors: Demissie Solomon , Atalay Mulatie , Derso Yonas
Published: January 2022

The spleen is a vital lymphoid soft organ located in the left hypochondrium region. It is a multi-dimensional organ that enlarges in all dimensions during some disease conditions. Recently, splenomegaly prevalence has been increasing throughout the world. Due to the lack of attention in clinical practice, splenomegaly has become quite a common problem in all parts of the world. The detection of the spleen by palpation is not approval of enlarged spleen because normal spleen may be palpable. A detailed knowledge of morphometric variations of the spleen is of great value in diagnosing splenomegaly clinically, radiologically, and for surgical procedures. Measurement of spleen size by sonography is important as it gives true result than splenic palpation and for identification of disorders present with enlargement or reduction of the spleen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anatomy, sonography, and dimensional variation of spleen among individuals with different sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements. The current study reviews different types of literature conducted on spleen all over the world. The result from overall spleen dimensions review shows measurements vary: spleen length (7–14 cm), spleen width (2–7.5 cm), spleen thickness (2–7 cm), and spleen volume (20–350 cm3). The literature revealed that spleen dimensions are affected by geographical differences, races, nutritional status, physical exercise, and anthropometric measurements. The result from reviews shows that spleen dimensions are larger in males than females. As age increases, spleen dimensions significantly decrease. Spleen dimensions positively correlate with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface of individuals. The spleen dimensions were higher in males than in females and have significant positive correlation with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. Clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons should confirm splenomegaly by both palpation and sonography. Spleen dimensions variation due to geographical sex, age, and other anthropometric measurements should be taken into consideration during their clinical investigation. Radiologists should measure all dimensions of spleen rather than the length to rule out splenomegaly correctly.
Defining Post-Pandemic Work and Organizations: The Need for Team Belongingness and Trust
Authors: Crawford Joseph
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth substantial unrest in the ways in which people work and organize. This had led to disconnection, rapid adaptation, work from home, emergence of a new digital industry, and an opportunity to create anew. This chapter provides a position for the future state of work and organizing, drawing on the belongingness hypothesis, to characterize a revised method of human connection that acknowledges unique differences in online connections. It also explores the role that flexibility and working from home have on organizational outcomes, through changing presenteeism, changes in how people develop trust, and how social resources are deployed. Advancing an understanding of this position creates a possible post-pandemic model of work that acknowledges the current climate and the learnings from before that pandemic. Through genuine acknowledgment of the current and past ways of working, it is possible to build a pathway to heighten employee’s sense of belonging and trust. This will support the return to, and evolution of, a form of normality post-pandemic.
On the Alleged Inconsistency in Van Inwagen’s Rebuttal of Evans’ Argument
Authors: Dvořák Petr ,   University of South Bohemia
Published: January 2022

The paper attempts to interpret P. van Inwagen’s refutation of Evans’ argument that there cannot be vague objects and defend it against the charge of inconsistency raised by Radim Bělohrad. However, such an interpretation is not without a cost. Therefore another interpretation of van Inwagen’s example of the Cabinet is offered which evades Evans’ charge of inconsistency against indeterminate identity as it does not need the notion at all.
Are We Responsible for Laughing?
Authors: Lecón Mauricio ,   University of South Bohemia
Published: January 2022

In his Commentary on Aristotle’s De Anima, Francisco Suárez offers a rich account of the psychology and physiology of laughter. Among other claims, he asserts that laughter is a voluntary act, without giving any further explanation. The aim of this paper is to glean from his texts a philosophically compelling argument for this claim. I will claim that for Suárez laughter is a commanded act of the will, since it somehow needs the will’s consent to be elicited. This kind of voluntariness is enough to make laughter morally relevant.
From One Conservative to Another
Authors: McAllister Blake ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: January 2022

Epistemic conservatism maintains that some beliefs are immediately justified simply because they are believed. The intuitive implausibility of this claim sets the burden of proof against it. Some epistemic conservatives have sought to lessen this burden by limiting its scope, but I show that they cannot remove it entirely. The only hope for epistemic conservativism is to appeal to its theoretical fruit. However, such a defense is undercut by the introduction of phenomenal conservatism, which accomplishes the same work from a more intuitive starting point. Thus, if one opts for conservatism, better to choose the phenomenal kind.
DRESS syndrome without eosinophilia induced by Carbamazepine: A case report
Authors: Janković Slobodan , Popovska-Jovičić Biljana , Pavlović Radiša , Živković-Zarić Radica
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) is a rare, severe, systemic, drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, the most frequently associated with anticonvulsants. Case Report: A 35-years-old woman with a history of depression and hypothyroidism developed fever 39.5°C, enlarged, painful neck and axillary lymph nodes, slight facial edema around the mouth, confluent maculopapular rash, and laboratory signs of hepatocellular injury, leukocytosis and lymphopenia, but with normal eosinophil count. The syndrome was evident two weeks after starting carbamazepine, and gradually decreased after withdrawal of this drug and introduction of corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: If a patient is taking carbamazepine and develops skin rash as well as fever and swollen lymph nodes, the physician should always check for internal organ damage and possible DRESS syndrome.
Hypocalcemia of the newborn due to red blood cell transfusion: Case report
Authors: Otašević Biljana , Petrović Bojana , Čolak Emina , Nikolić Tatjana , Stefanović Aleksandar , Nikolić Ljubinka
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hypocalcemia in preterm infants could occurs as early or late. Causes of late onset of hypocalcaemia: maternal vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndromes, congenital abnormalities, iatrogenic (transfusion, bicarbonate therapy, phototherapy, antibiotics). Case report: The authors describe the occurrence of late hypocalcemia following transfusion of erythrocytes to the second newborn from a twin pregnancy born prematurely in the 32/33 week of gestation. Mother is diabetic and has hypertension, edema, hypothyroidism, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. Due to the detected pyelectasis in newborn, prophylactic use of cephalexin was introduced. At the end of the first month of life, anemia appear indicating a transfusion. The infant received 50 ml an O+ leukodepleted RBC transfusion. Immediately after transfusion was completed, there is a short-term deterioration of the general condition. Cyanosis, stiffness, trismus, and bradycardia appear within a few seconds. DAT was negative, bilirubin in the reference range. After transfusion, laboratory, echosonographic examination, neurological examination, EEG and ECG showed normal results. It was concluded that the adverse reaction was probably caused by transfusion. Conclusion: In preterm infants, hypocalcaemia may occur during transfusion due to citrate overload. Children of diabetic mothers, on antibiotic and photo therapy are at higher risk of developing hypocalcemia. Future studies should evaluate incidence rate of adverse transfusion reactions in newborns.
Frequency and predictors of potential drug: Drug interactions in hospitalized patients with Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Aleksić Dejan , Stefanović Srđan , Milosavljević Miloš , Milosavljević Jovana , Janković Slobodan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease are exposed to higher number of drugs on average than other elderly persons. Levodopa, of the mainstay of Parkinson's disease therapy, is frequently interacting with numerous drugs. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in hospitalized patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Material and Methods: This was a academic retrospective cross-sectional study in PD patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Kragujevac. Medical records of hospitalized patients during the period 1.1.2017 - 31.12.2019 were analysed. The pDDIs were identified by means of Micromedex andLexi-Interact online softwares, and multivariate regression methods were used to reveal potential predictors of number of pDDIs per patient. Results: Micromedex detected 160 different pDDIs in 77.8% of 72 patients with PD. The most frequent pDDIs were those that involved aspirin (with bisoprolol, sertraline and perindopril). Predictors of pDDIs in general was total number of drugs, while use of antidepressants presented a significant risk factor for major pDDIs. Lexi-Interact revealed 310 pDDIs in 98.6% of patients. The three most common pDDIs were with levodopa (bisoprolol, clonazepam, perindopril). Total number of drugs, number of co-morbidities, hospitalization at the neurodegenerative ward, and use of antipsychotics were identified as the relevant predictors of pDDIs. Lexi-interact software detected significantly more pDDIs than Micromedex (p<0.001). Conclusion: Neurologists should pay special attention when deciding whether to administer new drug to a PD patient with multiple comorbidities, hospitalized in a neurodegenerative ward and/or taking antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs.