bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparedness to Implement a Spatial Plan: The Impact of the Land Cooperative in Central Bangka Regency
Authors: Haryanto Ragil , Buchori Imam , Yuliastuti Nany , Saleh Ibnu , Sugiri Agung , Nuari Bagus , Putri Nisriena Rachmi
Published: December 2020

Cities are currently struggling with increasingly limited land availability and rising land prices in urban areas. In this regard, proper land management can control land prices and optimize space to be effective, efficient and sustainable. This paper presents the results of research in Sungai Selan, a small city of Central Bangka Regency. It focuses on the forms of land management by determining the community and stakeholder readiness in a Land Cooperative Institution to implement a Detail Urban Spatial Plan (RDTRK), especially concerning land consolidation. We conducted this study during the Covid-19 pandemic and, therefore, research methods were adapted to suit the prevailing conditions by uploading expert priority choices online. The experts involved were those considered the main stakeholders of RDTRK implementation, such as representatives from the local government agencies, members of the Local Council of People Representative (DPRD), and selected members of cooperatives dealing with land and spatial issues. The results show that stakeholders are in general ready to establish land cooperatives and incorporate into RDTRK implementation with certain conditions.
Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Schwerk Axel , Wińska-Krysiak Marzena , Przybysz Arkadiusz , Zaraś-Januszkiewicz Ewa , Sikorski Piotr
Published: December 2020

Urban wasteland is of special interest to city planners. However, to integrate such areas into city space management with consideration of nature conservation aspects, a sound assessment of their ecological potential is necessary. The aim of this paper was to analyze whether carabid beetle assemblages of the wastelands are affected by soil parameters, particularly trace element contamination. Therefore, we studied the carabid fauna in relation to selected soil parameters on 56 sampling plots situated in 24 wastelands located in the city of Warsaw (Poland). The results have confirmed our assumptions that the number of species, as well as the number of individual carabid beetles, are negatively affected by an increasing amount of pollutants in the soil. Particularly, the trace elements Pb, Cu, and Cd showed a significantly negative impact. The results are of value when it comes to the use of urban wastelands in the context of sustainable city development. Future use of urban wastelands will be faced with trade-offs between the use for public interests (e.g., housing space) and ecological interests. Phytoremediation and entomoremediation may be included in decontamination measures. The results of studies, such as the one conducted by us, may help to select the respective wastelands for certain purposes.
Systemic Risk in Global Agricultural Markets and Trade Liberalization under Climate Change: Synchronized Crop-Yield Change and Agricultural Price Volatility
Authors: Kunimitsu Yoji , Sakurai Gen , Iizumi Toshichika
Published: December 2020

Climate change will increase simultaneous crop failures or too abundant harvests, creating global synchronized yield change (SYC), and may decrease stability in the portfolio of food supply sources in agricultural trade. This study evaluated the influence of SYC on the global agricultural market and trade liberalization. The analysis employed a global computable general equilibrium model combined with crop models of four major grains (i.e., rice, wheat, maize, and soybeans), based on predictions of five global climate models. Simulation results show that (1) the SYC structure was statistically robust among countries and four crops, and will be enhanced by climate change, (2) such synchronicity increased the agricultural price volatility and lowered social welfare levels more than expected in the random disturbance (non-SYC) case, and (3) trade liberalization benefited both food-importing and exporting regions, but such effects were degraded by SYC. These outcomes were due to synchronicity in crop-yield change and its ranges enhanced by future climate change. Thus, SYC is a cause of systemic risk to food security and must be considered in designing agricultural trade policies and insurance systems.
Can Digital Transformation Solve the Problem of Arctic Youth Migration Outflow?
Authors: Ljovkin Vadim E. , Detter Gennadij F. , Tukkel Josif L. , Gladun Elena , Ljovkina Anastasia O.
Published: December 2020

Youth educational migration is an urgent problem for most Arctic cities. In particular, this problem is extremely important for Russia in the context of changing the paradigm of the planned development of the Arctic oil and gas economy into indefinite long-term prospects and scenarios of Arctic development. This situation led to reducing social-economic northern benefits and compensations and strengthens the trends of Arctic youth educational migration. However, the experience of digital transformation and forced distance learning due to the pandemic of 2020 could bring young people a new understanding of the opportunities of digitalization, influencing their migration decisions. To clarify the potential of digital technologies in solving the problem of youth migration outflow in the Russian Arctic, we surveyed the students at technical schools and colleges of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous area, Russia; sample size 1532 students in total. The analysis of the survey’s results proved the intention of most respondents to move to larger cities in non-Arctic territories. Together with that, we revealed a high potential of digital technologies in addressing the problem of youth migration which was previously considered unsolvable. In particular, the accessibility of quality distance education can sufficiently increase the attractiveness of Arctic territories for youth life, study, and development. Basing on the research results, we suppose that Arctic youth migration outflow can be sufficiently decreased if the measures proposed in the research are implemented with the help of digitalization.
Asymmetric Dependence between Oil Prices and Maritime Freight Rates: A Time-Varying Copula Approach
Authors: Choi Ki-Hong , Yoon Seong-Min
Published: December 2020

Changes in crude oil price affect the shipping freight market via three different channels. This study explores the dependence structure between oil prices and maritime freight rates to identify the effective channel. Therefore, it investigates the relationship between oil prices and three major maritime freight rates; the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index (BDTI), and the Baltic Clean Tanker Index (BCTI). We employ the decomposition method, not studied in the existing literature, and the copula approach which can identify the time-varying effects and asymmetry in the tail dependence structure between oil prices and freight rates. The main results of this analysis are as follows: the decomposed components display different conditional dependence patterns, and asymmetry is revealed in the upper and lower tail dependence. In the long-run, we find more dependence in extreme periods like the financial crises. In short-run fluctuations, we find the dependence increases in an economic boom. The implications of the results suggest that dependence can vary over time and may change depending on extreme events, implying that the complementary strategies should be different the long-run and short-run.
Phytochemicals Derived from Catharanthus roseus and Their Health Benefits
Authors: Pham Hong Ngoc Thuy , Vuong Quan Van , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J.
Published: December 2020

Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) is an important medicinal plant distributed in many countries. It has attracted increasing attention due to it being shown to possess a range of phytochemicals with various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Remarkably, vinblastine and vincristine isolated from this plant were the first plant-derived anticancer agents deployed for clinical use. Recently, new isolated indole alkaloids from this plant including catharoseumine, 14′,15′-didehydrocyclovinblastine, 17-deacetoxycyclovinblastine and 17-deacetoxyvinamidine effectively inhibited human cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine and vindolinine isolated from C. roseus leaf exhibited in vitro antidiabetic property. These findings strongly indicate that this plant is still a promising source of bioactive compounds, which should be further investigated. This paper provides an overview of the traditional use and phytochemical profiles of C. roseus, and summarises updated techniques of the preparation of dried material, extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from this plant. In addition, purported health benefits of the extracts and bioactive compounds derived from this plant were also addressed to support their potential as therapeutic agents.
Bird Feces as Indicators of Metal Pollution: Pitfalls and Solutions
Authors: Eeva Tapio , Raivikko Nelli , Espín Silvia , Sánchez-Virosta Pablo , Ruuskanen Suvi , Sorvari Jouni , Rainio Miia
Published: December 2020

Bird feces are commonly used as a proxy for measuring dietary metal exposure levels in wild populations. Our study aims to improve the reliability and repeatability of fecal metal measurements and gives some recommendations for sampling. First, we studied levels of variation in metallic element (arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead) concentrations: temporal variation within an individual, among siblings in a brood and among-brood/spatial variation. Second, we explored the variation caused by dual composition (urate vs. feces) of bird droppings. Two sets of fresh fecal samples were collected from pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings living in a metal polluted area in summers 2017 (dataset 1) and 2018 (dataset 2). We found a great deal of temporal intra-individual variation in metal levels, suggesting that dietary exposure varied markedly in a short time scale (within a day). A sample from only one nestling per brood did not well describe the brood mean value, and we recommend that at least four siblings should be sampled. Brood level samples give relatively good temporal repeatability for most metals. For all the metals, the levels in the fecal portion were more than double to those in the urate portion. Since the mass proportion of urate in the bird droppings varied a great deal among samples, standardizing sampling, e.g., by collecting only the fecal part, would markedly reduce the variation due to composition. Alternatively, urate portion could be used for biomonitoring of internally circulated bioavailable metal.
A Monoclonal Antibody against the C-Terminal Domain of Bacillus cereus Hemolysin II Inhibits HlyII Cytolytic Activity
Authors: Rudenko Natalia , Nagel Alexey , Zamyatina Anna , Karatovskaya Anna , Salyamov Vadim , Andreeva-Kovalevskaya Zhanna , Siunov Alexander , Kolesnikov Alexander , Shepelyakovskaya Anna , Boziev Khanafiy , Melnik Bogdan , Brovko Fedor , Solonin Alexander
Published: December 2020

Bacillus cereus is the fourth most common cause of foodborne illnesses that produces a variety of pore-forming proteins as the main pathogenic factors. B. cereus hemolysin II (HlyII), belonging to pore-forming β-barrel toxins, has a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues designated as HlyIICTD. An analysis of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the recombinant HlyIICTD protein revealed the ability of the antibody HlyIIC-20 to inhibit HlyII hemolysis. A conformational epitope recognized by HlyIIC-20 was found. by the method of peptide phage display and found that it is localized in the N-terminal part of HlyIICTD. The HlyIIC-20 interacted with a monomeric form of HlyII, thus suppressing maturation of the HlyII toxin. Protection efficiencies of various B. cereus strains against HlyII were different and depended on the epitope amino acid composition, as well as, insignificantly, on downstream amino acids. Substitution of L324P and P324L in the hemolysins ATCC14579T and B771, respectively, determined the role of leucine localized to the epitope in suppressing the hemolysis by the antibody. Pre-incubation of HlyIIC-20 with HlyII prevented the death of mice up to an equimolar ratio. A strategy of detecting and neutralizing the toxic activity of HlyII could provide a tool for monitoring and reducing B. cereus pathogenicity.
Targeting Uremic Toxins to Prevent Peripheral Vascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wu Chia-Lin , Tarng Der-Cherng
Published: December 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibits progressive kidney dysfunction and leads to disturbed homeostasis, including accumulation of uremic toxins, activated renin-angiotensin system, and increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Patients with CKD are prone to developing the peripheral vascular disease (PVD), leading to poorer outcomes than those without CKD. Cumulative evidence has showed that the synergy of uremic milieu and PVD could exaggerate vascular complications such as limb ischemia, amputation, stenosis, or thrombosis of a dialysis vascular access, and increase mortality risk. The role of uremic toxins in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in CKD has been investigated. Moreover, growing evidence has shown the promising role of uremic toxins as a therapeutic target for PVD in CKD. This review focused on uremic toxins in the pathophysiology, in vitro and animal models, and current novel clinical approaches in reducing the uremic toxin to prevent peripheral vascular complications in CKD patients.
Environmental Risk Assessment for rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP, a Genetically Modified Live Vaccine for Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Tell Joan G. , Coller Beth-Ann G. , Dubey Sheri A. , Jenal Ursula , Lapps William , Wang Liman , Wolf Jayanthi
Published: December 2020

rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP is a live, attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease caused by Zaire ebolavirus. As a replication-competent genetically modified organism, rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP underwent various environmental evaluations prior to approval, the most in-depth being the environmental risk assessment (ERA) required by the European Medicines Agency. This ERA, as well as the underlying methodology used to arrive at a sound conclusion about the environmental risks of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP, are described in this review. Clinical data from vaccinated adults demonstrated only infrequent, low-level shedding and transient, low-level viremia, indicating a low person-to-person infection risk. Animal data suggest that it is highly unlikely that vaccinated individuals would infect animals with recombinant virus vaccine or that rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP would spread within animal populations. Preclinical studies in various hematophagous insect vectors showed that these species were unable to transmit rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP. Pathogenicity risk in humans and animals was found to be low, based on clinical and preclinical data. The overall risk for non-vaccinated individuals and the environment is thus negligible and can be minimized further through defined mitigation strategies. This ERA and the experience gained are relevant to developing other rVSV-based vaccines, including candidates under investigation for prevention of COVID-19.
Relationships between Temporal and Spatial Changes in Lakes and Climate Change in the Saline-Alkali Concentrated Distribution Area in the Southwest of Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1985 to 2015
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Cao Yidan , Tang Jie , Wang Yao , Duan Yucong , Jiang Zelin , Qu Yunke
Published: December 2020

The southwest of Songnen Plain, Northeast China, has an arid climate and is a typical concentrated distribution area of saline-alkali soil. The terrain here is low-lying, with many small, shallow lakes that are vulnerable to climate change. This paper used Landsat satellite remote sensing images of this area from 1985 to 2015 to perform interpretation of lake water bodies, to classify the lakes according to their areas, and to analyze the spatial dynamic characteristics of lakes in different areas. During the 30 years from 1985 to 2015, the number of lakes in the study area decreased by 71, and the total lake area decreased by 266.85 km2. The decrease was more serious in the east and northeast, and the appearance and disappearance of lakes was drastic. The Mann–Kendall test method was used to analyze trends in meteorological factors (annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and annual evaporation) in the study area and perform mutation tests. Through correlation analysis and multiple generalized linear model analysis, the response relationship between lake change and climate change was quantified. The results showed that the average temperature in the area is rising, and the annual precipitation and evaporation are declining. Temperature and precipitation mainly affected lakes of less than 1 km2, with a contribution rate of 31.2% and 39.4%, and evaporation had a certain correlation to the total lake area in the study area, with a contribution rate of 60.2%. Small lakes are susceptible to climatic factors, while large lakes, which are mostly used as water sources, may be influenced more by human factors. This is the problem and challenge to be uncovered in this article. This research will help to improve our understanding of lake evolution and climate change response in saline-alkali areas and provide scientific basis for research into lakes’ (reservoirs’) sustainable development and protection.
The Response of Lateral Flow to Peak River Discharge in a Macrotidal Estuary
Authors: Yan Yuhan , Song Dehai , Bao Xianwen , Ding Yang
Published: December 2020

The Ou River, a medium-sized river in southeastern China, is selected to study the lateral flow response to rapidly varied river discharge, i.e., peak river discharge (PRD). A three-dimensional model based on the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model is validated by in situ measurements from 15 June to 16 July 2005. PRD, which considers the extra buoyancy and longitudinal momentum in a short time, rebuilds the stratification and lateral flow. PRD, compared with low-discharge, generally makes stratification stronger and lateral flow weaker. PRD mainly rebuilds lateral flow by changing lateral advection, lateral Coriolis, and lateral-barotropic pressure gradient terms. After PRD, the salinity recovery time is longer than that of the flow because the impact on buoyancy lasts longer than that on longitudinal flow. Longitudinal flow is mostly affected by the momentum transferred during PRD; therefore, the recovery time is close to the flooding duration. However, the lateral flow is affected by the buoyancy, and its recovery time is generally longer than the flooding duration. The lateral flow recovery time depends on transect width, flow velocity and the variation caused by PRD. PRD occurs widely in global small-/medium-sized river estuaries, and the result of this work can be extended to other estuaries.
Baseline Water Temperature: Estimation of the Annual Cycle of Surface Water Temperature in Lakes in North-Central Poland over the 1951–1968 Period
Authors: Hutorowicz Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Water temperature is an important ecological variable that affects the functioning of lakes. Unfortunately, for many lakes there are no long-term observations enabling the assessment of changes in water temperatures. This makes it difficult to include this aspect in research into the biology, ecology and chemistry of such lakes. This paper presents a literature review related to changes of surface water temperatures in lakes and in particular describing the response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate in Polish lakes. On this basis, a model based on the available data on water temperature in 931 Polish lakes in the years 1951–1968 was proposed, which allows to estimate the baseline water temperature on any day of the year. This model is calculated using the complementary error peak function on the 0–3 m water temperature dataset, which provides the best reduction of diurnal temperature fluctuations. It can be an alternative to the average temperature of surface waters, which are calculated on the basis of systematically collected data. Based on the average water temperature data obtained from 56 thermal profiles in 10 lakes in 2010–2019, the equation was analogically calculated. The average monthly water temperatures in June, July, August and September and the change in water temperature (0.24–0.30 °C decade−1) in the period 1951–1968/2010–2019 were estimated then. Similar regional or single lake trends have been found in studies by other authors covering a similar or longer period of time. The proposed method, which is suitable for simulating temperatures, especially in summer, enables the determination of the value of changes in surface water temperature in Polish lakes when only thermal profiles data from different dates are available, which can be especially helpful when analyzing hydrobiological results.
Performance of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Models in Temperate Pastures of Southern Chile
Authors: Moletto-Lobos Italo , Mattar Cristian , Barichivich Jonathan
Published: December 2020

Farmers in the temperate zone of southern Chile have started to irrigate historically rainfed pastures during recent years to reduce dairy productivity losses against increasingly severe summer droughts. The lack of information on pasture water requirements (i.e., evapotranspiration), however, hampers the implementation of efficient irrigation programs. Here, we use in-situ observations to evaluate the skill of four remote sensing Surface Energy Balance (SEB) models and two satellite-based global evapotranspiration products (PML_V2 and GLEAM) to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of pastures in southern Chile during 2014–2017. Daily ETa measured at an evaluation site over the period ranges between 1.2 mm and 6.2 mm day−1 during the growing season (October–March), with an annual maximum of about 4.8 mm day−1 in January and a minimum 0.6 mm day−1 in June. Only the Simplified SEB (SEBS) model and its operational variant (SSEBop) and the PML_V2 global evapotranspiration product perform well, capturing 63–79% of the variance of in-situ evapotranspiration with an error between 0.75 mm day−1 and 1.1 mm day−1. The readily available PML_V2 product can be used as a convenient way to determine average water footprint of pastures and the two SEBs models can be implemented to monitor irrigation requirements in near-real time from field to regional scales. These results demonstrated a high potential of satellite observations for monitoring evapotranspiration and quantify the water footprint of pastures in southern Chile for a sustainable irrigation practice.
Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Clarithromycin in the Russian Federation
Authors:   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Mayev I.V. , Andreyev D.N. , Bordin D.S. , Kucheryavy Yu.A. , Kudryavtseva L.V. , Vyuchnova Ye.S. , Lebedeva Ye.G. , Dicheva D.T. , Fomenko A.K. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center,   Tver State Medical University,   City Clinical Hospital № 40
Published: December 2020

Purpose – the systematization of data on the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. Necessary investigations were searched in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), published between January and September, 2020. The final analysis included original publications from periodically reviewed foreign and Russian publications, as well as dissertations that used validated H. pylori resistance assessment tests with detailed descriptive statistics that allow the resulting data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results. The final analysis included 16 studies (1227 isolates). The generalized indicator of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in the Russian Federation was 11.85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.315–17.302; I2 = 86.19%). When analyzing papers published over the past ten years, H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin was 10.39% (95% CI 7.103–14.219; I2 = 61.29%). In Moscow and the Moscow Region, the generalized indicator of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin was 10.87% (95% CI 7,280–15,439; I2 = 50.57%), in St. Petersburg – 22.26% (95% CI 9,525–38,470; I2 = 84.75%), Smolensk – 5.74% (95% CI 3,511–8,789; I2 = 0.00%), Kazan – 10.0% (95% CI 5,023–17,355; I2 = 45.22%). Conclusion. The results show that the resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin in Russia does not exceed the 15% threshold regulated by the Maastricht-V Consensus, which allows us to consider a triple regimen of anti-Helicobacter therapy with clarithromycin as a first-line therapy. At the same time, to achieve the maximum effect when using classical triple therapy and to level the risk of further progression of clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori in Russia, it is advisable to use methods of its optimization.
Nursing managers' strategies for reducing interpersonal and interprofessional conflicts in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Malawat Krisna Yetti , Hariyati Rr.Tutik Sri , Sari Kartika Mawar
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for all parties and needs a fast, precise and integrated response. Nurses as the frontline are the people most at risk of contracting this disease. Changes in all aspects require that nurses can collaborate with other interprofessional teams and makes nurses vulnerable to pressure and stress that can lead to conflict. The role of nursing managers in creating a conducive work atmosphere and preventing interprofessional conflicts is needed. This study used literature reviews through the ScienceDirect online database, SAGE journals, Wiley Online Library and other sources, which aims to analyze the strategy of nurse managers in preventing interprofessional conflicts in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that providing education on the control and prevention of COVID-19 infection, supervision, improving effective communication through information technology, optimizing workflows, improving nursing standards, providing support and implementing crisis management are strategies that can be used by nurse managers. Assertiveness can be used as conflict management to prevent interprofessional conflicts in the pandemic era.  Each profession can communicate positively with other interprofessional teams, accept each other and carry out professional responsibility and making decisions about COVID-19 patients.
Black-Box Testing : Analisis Kualitas Aplikasi Source Code Bank Programming
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Efendi Jalisal
Published: December 2020

The Source Code Bank Programming application that the researchers built uses Borland Delphi which functions to support software learning activities and as a reference for software developers, especially the Delphi programming language. In the process of developing Source Code Bank Programming is still in the prototype stage and further development is still being carried out so that it can be competitively competitive in the world. It is necessary to do various evaluations of the quality of the application in order to match the expectations of the user, one of which is to analyze the quality of the application using the Black-Box Testing method. Testing the Black-Box Source Code Bank Programming uses 3 methods, namely; 1) Graph-based testing, 2) Equivalence Partitioning, and 3) Boundary Value Analysis. The research results show that graph testing, equivalence partitioning, and boundary value analysis will be able to help the process of making test cases and make testing simpler, There are errors in testing and are included in the defect-list, the test results also show that the fulfillment of user needs for public users with a value 0.90, user registers/member with a value of 1.00, students with a value of 0.90, lecturers with a value of 0.82 and admin with a value of 0.84 are classified as good because the degree of value in each user module is greater than 0.8.
Analyzing and predicting spear-phishing using machine learning methods
Authors: Dadvandipour Samad , Ganie Aadil Gani
Published: December 2020

Phishing implies misdirecting the client by masking himself/herself as a reliable individual, to take the Critical material, for example, bank account number, credit card numbers, and so on; one of the noticeably utilized Phishing these days is spear phishing, and it is one of the effective phishing assaults given its social, mental boundaries. In this paper, we will mitigate the impact of spear phishing by utilizing the multi-layer approach. The multi-layer approach is the best method of managing the web interruption, as the intruder needs to experience shift levels. Practically all the scientists are dealing with the content of the email; however, this paper picks a novel method to counter the phishing messages by utilizing both the attachment and content of an email. We applied sentimental analysis on emails, including both content of the email and the attachment, to check whether they are spam or not using SVM classifier and Randomforest Classifier; the former showed 96 percent accuracy while, as later offers 97.66 percent accuracy. SVM showed false-positive 0 percent and false-negative 4 percent, while RandomForest showed 0 percent false-positive and 2.33 percent false-negative ratios. We also performed topic modeling using LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)) from Gensim package to get the dominant topics in our dataset. We visualized the results of our topic model using pyLDvis. The perplexity and coherence score of our topic model is -12.897670565510511 and 0.44700287476452394, respectively.
GLYCATED HAEMOGLOBIN (HBA1C) AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ISCHAEMIC STROKE IN DIABETICS AND NON- DIABETICS.
Authors: Raj Mohan , S Manu Reddy. , Kiruthika Kiruthika , Raju Raghul
Published: December 2020

Stroke is a condition that results in high mortality rates and severe disabilities. Stroke is expected to be the second most important cause of mortality worldwide by 2020. Most stroke survivors can and do experience improvements in their functional abilities, but the amount, rate, timing, pattern, type, and ultimate outcome of the improvements differ across patients and situations.1 Stroke severity and patient age are the main predictors of stroke outcome in the acute phase 2. Additional important predictors include functional status prior to stroke, presence of comorbid medical conditions, etiologies and the vascular territories affected.3
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON EDUCATION SECTOR
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Gupta Anupama
Published: December 2020

The impact of pandemic COVID-19 is observed in almost every sector in the economy. The education sectors in all over the world are badly affected by this. It has enforced the world wide lock down which has created a very bad impact on the life of students. More than 30 crore learners have to study from home as all educational activities have been halted in India. The outbreak of COVID-19 has taught us that change is inescapable. It has worked as a catalyst for the educational institutions, schools and colleges to change the methodology and opt for platforms and techniques of digitalization which have never been used before. The education sector as well as students has been fighting to survive in this crisis with a different approach and trying to adopt digital methods to cope up with the challenges created due to this pandemic. This paper highlights some of the measures taken by Govt. of India to provide smooth and hassle free education in the country. Both the positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 have been discussed in this paper and some suggestions are also provided. The outcomes show that COVID-19 adversely affects schooling including, learning disturbances, and diminished admittance to training and examination offices, and expanded understudy obligations. The discoveries likewise show that numerous teachers and understudies depended on innovation to guarantee kept on the web education during the Coronavirus pandemic
PENERAPAN METODE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) DALAM MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MULTIMEDIA KREATIF
Authors: Fatdha Syarifah Eiva , Alamsyah Marlis
Published: December 2020

In today's technological developments, it is certain that every activity in human life has taken advantage of the role of technology, including in the world of education. However, there are still many schools that have not implemented technology as a means of supporting education, in general the existing learning models still convey material through traditional methods. So that it has a direct impact on students, namely by lack of student interest in learning, student activity is less and tends to be passive and learning outcomes are low. To improve this, the researchers applied creative multimedia learning media and used the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) method. This research was an action research using multimedia. Each meeting includes stages including planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Through the application of a creative multimedia learning model using the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) method, it is hoped that it can improve teacher skills, student activities and learning outcomes for elementary school students in general and in learning. The application of the learning model can be used as a solution to improve the quality of learning in certain subjects.
The performativity of objects
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2020

This essay, a revised version of the keynote lecture prepared for Sociologidagarna 18–20 March 2020 in Stockholm, introduces a new, cultural-sociological theory of materiality. Sociology did not metabolize the cultural turn until the 1980s. Even when cultural sociology finally did emerge, moreover, there were powerful pushbacks against it. Neo-Marxism, neo-Pragmatism, neo-institutionalism incorporated this or that cultural concept but resisted the culture turn more broadly, tying meaning to social structure and practice rather than recognizing its autonomy. Cultural sociology has flourished in recent decades, but so have new backlash movements. None has been more persistent than the turn toward the object and its reduction to materiality. Icon theory positions itself again this turn, suggesting that, in society, materiality is invested with imagination and enlivened by performativity. The surface of objects is aesthetically formed, and the meaning of such sensuous experience of outer form is structured by invisibly discursive depth. Durkheim’s sacred and profane must be complemented by Burke’s beautiful and sublime. Informed by background representations, such aesthetic-cum-moral objects are designed by artists and craft-persons; produced by creators with access to material resources; put into the scene by advertisers and PR specialists; and mediated by criticism – before they are embraced or rejected by audiences.
Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Yu Haichao , Li Haoxiang , Shi Honghui , Huang Thomas S. , Hua Gang
Published: December 2020

We present Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks (Any- Precision DNNs), which are trained with a new method that empowers learned DNNs to be flexible in any numerical precision during inference. The same model in runtime can be flexibly and directly set to different bit-width, by trun- cating the least significant bits, to support dynamic speed and accuracy trade-off. When all layers are set to low- bits, we show that the model achieved accuracy compara- ble to dedicated models trained at the same precision. This nice property facilitates flexible deployment of deep learn- ing models in real-world applications, where in practice trade-offs between model accuracy and runtime efficiency are often sought. Previous literature presents solutions to train models at each individual fixed efficiency/accuracy trade-off point. But how to produce a model flexible in runtime precision is largely unexplored. When the demand of efficiency/accuracy trade-off varies from time to time or even dynamically changes in runtime, it is infeasible to re-train models accordingly, and the storage budget may forbid keeping multiple models. Our proposed framework achieves this flexibility without performance degradation. More importantly, we demonstrate that this achievement is agnostic to model architectures. We experimentally validated our method with different deep network backbones (AlexNet-small, Resnet-20, Resnet-50) on different datasets (SVHN, Cifar-10, ImageNet) and observed consistent results.
PROCESSING OF SYNCHRONOUS PHASOR MEASUREMENTS BY FUZZY LOGIC METHODS IN THE CASE OF CYBERATTACKS ON INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE OF A CYBER-PHYSICAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Authors: Колосок И.Н. , Гурина Л.А.
Published: December 2020

Применение интеллектуальных и цифровых технологий в системах измерения, передачи и обработки информации, являющихся частью информационно-коммуникационной инфраструктуры электроэнергетической системы (ЭЭС), направлено на повышение эффективности управления ЭЭС. Вместе с тем, при цифровизации ЭЭС отмечен рост уязвимостей к кибератакам. В связи с этим возрастает актуальность обеспечения задач управления в условиях кибератак своевременной, полной и достоверной информацией. Предложен алгоритм обработки синхронизированных векторных измерений на основе вейвлет-анализа и нечеткой логики, повышающий качество информации, используемой в дальнейшем при оценивании состояния ЭЭС.

The use of intelligent and digital technologies in systems for measuring, transmitting, and processing information, which are part of the information-communication infrastructure, is aimed at improving the efficiency of EPS management. At the same time, with the EPS digitalization, there has been a rise in vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. In this context, the urgency of providing timely, complete, and reliable data to perform control in the case of cyberattacks is increasing. We propose an algorithm to process synchronized vector measurements based on wavelet analysis and fuzzy logic, which improves the quality of information used in the state estimation of electric power systems.
BIG DATA ANALYSIS FOR INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT DECISION MAKING IN ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: Михеев А.В.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения методов анализа больших данных для принятия решений по инновационному развитию в энергетике. Выполнен библиометрический обзор научных исследований по использованию анализа больших данных для задач в сфере энергетики на основе публикаций международной базы Scopus за 2010-2020 гг. Приведены содержательные задачи мониторинга, прогнозирования и оценки перспективности технологических решений в энергетике на основе семантического анализа больших данных.

The article discusses the feasibility and possible applications of big data analysis for making decisions on innovative development in the energy sector. A bibliometric review of scientific research on the use of big data analysis for problems in the energy sector was carried out based on publications of Scopus database for 2010-2020. The substantive tasks of monitoring, forecasting and evaluating the prospects of technological solutions in the energy sector based on semantic analysis of big data are presented.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTELLECTUAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT EXPERT DECISIONS ON STRATEGIC INNOVATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Копайгородский А.Н. , Мамедов Т.Г.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены методы построения интеллектуальной информационной системы для поддержки экспертных решений по стратегическому инновационному развитию энергетики. Обоснована необходимость применения методов анализа Больших данных (Big Data). Представлена архитектура интегрированного хранилища интеллектуальной информационной системы, основным компонентом которой является система онтологий, объединяющая данные и знания из различных источников.

The article discusses methods of building an intelligent information system to support expert decisions on strategic innovative development of the energy sector. The necessity of using Big Data analysis methods has been substantiated. Architecture of an integrated repository of an intelligent information system is presented, in which the main component is a system of ontologies on the basis of which information, data and knowledge from various sources are combined.
An Early-warning System for Electromagnetic Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events
Authors: Sachdev Surabhi , Magee Ryan , Hanna Chad , Cannon Kipp , Singer Leo , SK Javed Rana , Mukherjee Debnandini , Caudill Sarah , Chan Chiwai , Creighton Jolien D. E. , Ewing Becca , Fong Heather , Godwin Patrick , Huxford Rachael , Kapadia Shasvath , Li Alvin K. Y. , Lok Lo Rico Ka , Meacher Duncan , Messick Cody , Mohite Siddharth R. , Nishizawa Atsushi , Ohta Hiroaki , Pace Alexander , Reza Amit , Sathyaprakash B. S. , Shikauchi Minori , Singh Divya , Tsukada Leo , Tsuna Daichi , Tsutsui Takuya , Ueno Koh
Published: December 2020

Binary neutron stars (BNSs) will spend ≃10–15 minutes in the band of Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detectors at design sensitivity. Matched-filtering of gravitational-wave (GW) data could in principle accumulate enough signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to identify a forthcoming event tens of seconds before the companions collide and merge. Here we report on the design and testing of an early-warning GW detection pipeline. Early-warning alerts can be produced for sources that are at low enough redshift so that a large enough S/N accumulates ∼10–60 s before merger. We find that about 7% (49%) of the total detectable BNS mergers will be detected 60 s (10 s) before the merger. About 2% of the total detectable BNS mergers will be detected before merger and localized to within 100 deg2 (90% credible interval). Coordinated observing by several wide-field telescopes could capture the event seconds before or after the merger. LIGO–Virgo detectors at design sensitivity could facilitate observing at least one event at the onset of merger.
The First Integral Field Unit Spectroscopic View of Shocked Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Stroe Andra , Hussaini Maryam , Husemann Bernd , Sobral David , Tremblay Grant
Published: December 2020

Galaxy clusters grow by merging with other clusters, giving rise to Mpc-wide shock waves that travel at 1000–2500 km s−1 through the intracluster medium. To study the effects of merger shocks on the properties of cluster galaxies, we present the first spatially resolved spectroscopic view of five Hα-emitting galaxies located in the wake of shock fronts in the low redshift (z ∼ 0.2), massive (∼2 × 1015
M
⊙), post-core passage merging cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301 (nicknamed the “Sausage”). Our Gemini/Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph-North integral field unit (IFU) observations, designed to capture Hα and [N ii] emission, reveal the nebular gas distribution, kinematics, and metallicities in the galaxies over  >16 kpc scales. While the galaxies show evidence for rotational support, the flux and velocity maps have complex features like tails and gas outflows aligned with the merger axis of the cluster. With gradients that are incompatible with inside-out disk growth, the metallicity maps are consistent with sustained star formation (SF) throughout and outside of the galactic disks. In combination with previous results, these pilot observations provide further evidence of a likely connection between cluster mergers and SF triggering in cluster galaxies, a potentially fundamental discovery revealing the interaction of galaxies with their environment.
The Most Ordinary Formation of the Most Unusual Double Black Hole Merger
Authors: Belczynski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration reported the detection of the most massive black hole–black hole (BH–BH) merger to date with component masses of 85M
⊙ and 66M
⊙ (GW190521). Motivated by recent observations of massive stars in the 30 Doradus cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud (M
⋆ ≳ 200M
⊙;  e.g., R136a) and employing newly estimated uncertainties on pulsational pair-instability mass loss (that allow for the possibility of forming BHs with mass up to M
BH ∼ 90M
⊙), we show that it is trivial to form such massive BH–BH mergers through the classical isolated binary evolution (with no assistance from either dynamical interactions or exotica). A binary consisting of two massive (180M
⊙ + 150M
⊙) Population II stars (metallicity: Z ≈ 0.0001) evolves through a stable Roche lobe overflow and common envelope episode. Both exposed stellar cores undergo direct core collapse and form massive BHs while avoiding pair-instability pulsation mass loss or total disruption. LIGO/Virgo observations show that the merger rate density of light BH–BH mergers (both components: M
BH < 50M
⊙) is of the order of 10–100Gpc−3yr−1, while GW190521 indicates that the rate of heavier mergers is 0.02–0.43Gpc−3yr−1. Our model (with standard assumptions about input physics), but extended to include 200M
⊙ stars and allowing for the possibility of stellar cores collapsing to 90M
⊙ BHs, produces the following rates: 63Gpc−3yr−1 for light BH–BH mergers and 0.04Gpc−3yr−1 for heavy BH–BH mergers. We do not claim that GW190521 was formed by an isolated binary, but it appears that such a possibility cannot be excluded.
Detections of Dust in the Outskirts of M31 and M33
Authors: Ruoyi Zhang , Haibo Yuan
Published: December 2020

M31 and M33 serve as ideal places to study distributions of dust in the outskirts of spiral galaxies. In this Letter, using about 0.2 million stars selected from the LAMOST data and combining precise photometry and parallaxes from the Gaia DR2, we have constructed a two-dimensional foreground dust reddening map toward the M31 and M33 region (1112 ≤ gl ≤ 1362, −365 ≤ gb ≤ −165). The map has a typical spatial resolution of about 12′ and precision of 0.01 mag. The complex structure of dust clouds toward M31 is revealed. By carefully removing the foreground extinction from the dust reddening map of Schlegel et al., we thus have obtained a residual map to study dust distributions in the outskirts of M31 and M33. A large amount of dust is detected in the M31 halo out to a distance of over 100 kpc. Dust in the M31 disk is found to extend out to about 2.5 times its optical radius, with a distribution that is consistent with either an exponential disk with a scale length of 7.2 kpc or two disks with a scale length of 11.1 kpc within its optical radius and 18.3 kpc beyond its optical radius. Dust in the disk of M33 is also found to extend out to about 2.5 times its optical radius, its distribution beyond one optical radius is consistent with an exponential disk with a scale length of 5.6 kpc. Our results provide new clues to the distributions and cycling of dust in galaxies.
Expansion and Age of the Supernova Remnant G350.1–0.3: High-velocity Iron Ejecta from a Core-collapse Event
Authors: Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Miltich William , Reynolds Stephen P.
Published: December 2020

We report Chandra observations of the highly asymmetric core-collapse supernova remnant G350.1−0.3. We document expansion over 9 yr away from the roughly stationary central compact object, with sky-plane velocities up to 5000 d
4.5 km s−1 (d
4.5 is the distance in units of 4.5 kpc), redshifts ranging from 900 to 2600 km s−1, and three-dimensional space velocities approaching 6000 km s−1. Most of the bright emission comes from heavy-element ejecta particularly strong in iron. Iron-enhanced ejecta are seen at 4000–6000 km s−1, strongly suggesting that the supernova was not a common Type IIP event. While some fainter regions have roughly solar abundances, we cannot identify clear blast-wave features. Our expansion proper motions indicate that G350.1−0.3 is no more than about 600 yr old, independent of distance: the third youngest known core-collapse supernova in the Galaxy, and one of the most asymmetric.