bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using BLOCKCHAIN in automotive security
Authors: Gorbenko I.D. , Fesenko D.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of problems of using authentication systems for automobile systems is carried out. It is shown that criminals are increasingly interested in modern car protection systems, cars are becoming more technological, which in turn opens up new opportunities for compromising the operation of vehicle components and systems, so security systems are increasingly required to ensure efficiency and safety. Modern systems of protection against illegal seizure of vehicles, better known as "alarms" try to deter attacks by intruders, but in turn can bring additional backdoors for intruders completely unintentionally, for example by adding an interesting feature to the car system, and then this feature can be dual due to problems with the authentication system. Therefore, based on this, car security systems must have the highest level of authentication security, which requires the use of a decentralized blockchain network with nodes for each car, authenticating the user in groups, this will move away from the standard client-server architecture, which is not sufficiently secure. . The main ways to solve this problem are to build a comprehensive security system, which in turn includes an improved and reliable authentication measure based on a decentralized blockchain network and two comprehensive schemes to update the critical data transmission system of the car – CAN network. The use of these systems will improve the security of the identification system and information flowing between critical units, which will improve the safety of the car from theft, as well as from the ability of attackers to create emergencies remotely.
Vulnerability management using a formalized description
Authors: Poddubnyi V.O. , Severinov O.V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the main stages of vulnerability management and the problems arising in risk assessment and decision making during vulnerability management in the information and telecommunications system. It is assumed that modern techniques are not sufficient for effective vulnerability management. There is a need for creating a risk assessment system to improve decision-making procedures. The comparison of the formalized and informal description of the information and telecommunication system is described. The conclusion from the comparison results is that the formalized description has a number of advantages, so it is necessary that it should be built based on a formalized description of the information and telecommunication system. When adding qualitative vulnerability assessments (such as Common Vulnerability Scoring System vulnerabilities), this system will be unambiguous, clear, flexible, and easy to use. An additional advantage of such a system is the ability to automate assessment and decision-making processes, which will eliminate human influence and minimize the subjective factor in the management of vulnerabilities in the information and telecommunications system. Such a system will not exclude the influence of the security administrator, but will help him in decision-making, risk assessment, reduce the likelihood of errors, will help new staff in choosing decisions.
Optimization of data processing in aircraft transponder of the "friend or foe" identification system
Authors: Svyd I.V. , Obod I.I. , Zavolodko G.E.
Published: April 2021

The paper synthesizes the optimal structure of data processing of the aircraft transponder of the “friend or foe” identification system based on the Neumann-Pearson criterion. It is also shown, that when synthesizing and analyzing the optimal structure of signal data processing in aircraft transponders of "friend or foe" identification systems, it is necessary to take into account the multichannel reception of request signals and limitations of relative throughput of the aircraft transponder, which is caused by the existing principle of constructing the system as single-channel queuing system with failures. The proposed models make it possible to implement the structures of data processing of request signals for situations of inter-channel merging of previous channel decisions on the detection of request signals or pulse components of the request signals. In the proposed structure, the optimization of data processing is carried out not only in time but also in the spatial parameters of the request signals, and also takes into account the relative bandwidth of the aircraft responder. It is shown that the inter channel merging of the results of detecting the component pulses of the query signals is more preferable compared to the existing algorithm of merging the results of detecting the query signals, as it improves the quality of query signal detection and reduces the dependence of query signal detection of relative response.
Methods for adjusting feedback in terahertz lasers
Authors: Dzyubenko M.I. , Maslov V.A. , Radionov V.P. , Fomin A.A.
Published: April 2021

The optimal feedback coefficient in an active open resonator is an important condition for high lasing efficiency. For precise selection of the optimum communication and maintaining the optimum in all modes of laser operation, the ability to adjust smoothly the communication is required. Terahertz (THz) lasers have a number of features that one should take into account when choosing feedback control schemes. The paper presents a review and comparative analysis of the schemes of laser resonators (THz) in the range with a smoothly controlled radiation output. The authors consider both long known and widely used, as well as the latest schemes of laser resonators. Smooth adjustment can be realized in resonators formed by metal mirrors of total internal reflection and output mirrors in the form of metal mirrors with holes or one-dimensional metal gratings. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered optical schemes of laser resonators is carried out.

It is shown that the given resonator schemes make it possible to control and optimize the feedback in the laser during its operation. All of them are not very complex and can be realized by re-equipping existing lasers. The choice of a specific scheme should be made in accordance with the specifics of the laser application. The use of resonators with smooth coupling control makes it possible to achieve high efficiency of lasers at all energy operating modes.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a discrete octahedron from resonant spheres
Authors: Kozar A.I.
Published: April 2021

A solution is given to the problem of scattering of electromagnetic waves by a discrete convex polyhedron – an octahedron of resonant magnetodielectric spheres based on a complex rhombic crystal lattice.

Here we consider a case equivalent to the X-ray optics of crystals, when α / λ՛<<1 and can be α / λg ~ 1; d, h, l / λ՛ ~ 1, where α is the radius of the spheres; λ՛, λg are the lengths of the scattered wave outside and inside the spheres; d, h, l are constant lattices. The solution of the problem is obtained based on the Fredholm integral equations of electrodynamics of the second kind with nonlocal boundary conditions.

The expressions found in this work for a metacrystal in the form of an octahedron can be used to study the fields scattered by the crystal in the Fresnel and Fraunhofer zones, as well as to study its internal field.

The relations obtained in this work can find application in the study of the scattering of waves of various kinds by convex polyhedrons, the creation on their basis of new types of limited metacrystals, including nanocrystals with resonance properties, and in the study of their behavior in various external media. As well as in the development of methods for modeling electromagnetic phenomena that can occur in real crystals in resonance regions in the optical and X-ray wavelength ranges.
Penerapan Metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Terhadap Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Lamanya Penyelesaian Skripsi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UNDANA
Authors: Wangge Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Penyelesaian skripsi adalah suatu proses penyelesaian sebuah hasil karya tulis ilmiah sesuai prosedur yang benar berdasarkan ilmu yang telah dipelajari dalam waktu yang telah ditentukan. Lamanya penyelesaian skripsi lebih dari 1 tahun yang dialami oleh mahasiswa di Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Undana, disebabkan adanya beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi penyelesaian skripsi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Undana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang pada bulan Januari-Februari 2020. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan angket kepada alumni mahasiswa Jurusan/Prodi Pendidikan Matematika yang berjumlah 50 orang dan data sekunder diperoleh dari Laboratorium berupa data wisudawan mahasiswa matematika. Dalam penelitian ini, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) digunakan untuk mereduksi 13 variabel hingga diperoleh 10 variabel yaitu kualitas bimbingan skripsi, ketersediaan sumber belajar terhadap skripsi, motivasi lulus tepat waktu, gaya bimbingan dosen, sikap dan interaksi dengan dosen pembimbing, kegiatan kemahasiswaan, lingkungan teman sebaya, membagi waktu, perhatian orang tua dan kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah sehingga diperoleh 4 komponen utama yang disebut faktor pendukung penulisan skripsi, faktor motivasi lulus tepat waktu, faktor membagi waktu dan faktor kemampuan menulis. Kesimpulannya 4 komponen utama tersebut dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan mahasiswa untuk dapat mengatur lama penyelesaian skripsi, sehingga diharapkan dapat selesai tepat waktu.
Kecemasan Geometri Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Ditinjau dari Teori Van Hiele
Authors: Yudianto Erfan , Nindya Yufrida Septi , Setiawan Toto' Bara
Published: April 2021

Kecemasan geometri adalah kecemasan yang muncul ketika menghadapi hal – hal yang berhubungan dengan geometri. Tingkatan kecemasan geometri dimulai dari rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan panik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kecemasan geometri siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari teori van Hiele. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini masing - masing dua siswa pada level visualisasi, analisis, dan deduksi informal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kombinasi (triangulasi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa dari tiap level memiliki kecemasan geometri yang berbeda. Siswa visualisasi mengalami kecemasan sedang dan tinggi dalam mendefinisikan dan mengidentifikasi sifat serta unsur bangun ruang sisi datar. Siswa analisis mengalami kecemasan sedang dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri yang berkaitan dengan perhitungan diagonal, volume, dan luas permukaan. Siswa deduksi informal mengalami kecemasan tinggi dalam menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan dengan definisi dan unsur bangun ruang serta permasalahan dalam bentuk cerita.
Meta Analisis: Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving dan Problem Based Learning Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika SD
Authors: Saputri Yushinta , Wardani Krisma Widi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Solving dan Problem Based Learning ditinjau dari kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika sekolah dasar dengan cara menganalisis hasil penelitian 20 artikel sebelumnya yang di publikasi pada Google Cendekia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah meta analisis. Adapun langkah dalam penelitian meta analisis antara lain, (1) Mengumpulkan data, (2) Menghitung Effect Size setiap artikel, (3) Mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya perbedaan dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap subjek, (4) Menarik kesimpulan. Dari analisis 20 artikel, berdasarkan uji Ancova membuktikan bahwa fhitung > ftabel yakni (5,960 > 3,59) dan nilai signifikasinya (0,026 < 0,05) yang membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan antara pengaruh dalam penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Solving dan Problem Based Learning ditinjau dari peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SD. Selain itu pengaruh kedua model dapat dilihat dari hasil Effect Size. Pada model pembelajaran Problem Solving sebanyak 5 artikel dalam kategori kecil dan 5 artikel dalam kategori besar. Sedangkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning sebanyak 6 artikel dalam kategori kecil dan 4 artikel dalam kategori sedang.
Peran Pedagang Perempuan dalam Pengembangan Destinasi Wisata Pasar Terapung Lok Baintan
Authors: Annisa
Published: April 2021

Pasar Terapung Lok Baintan merupakan pasar yang dimana proses tawar menawar dilakukan di atas perahi atau biasa disebut dengan jukung. Hal paling khas dari pasar ini adalah dimana mayoritas pedagangnya adalah perempuan. Sehingga dari ke khasannya pasar ini, dijadikan sebagai destinasi wisata di Kalimantan Selatang yang tak luput untuk dikunjungi oleh para wisatawa. Dalam artikel ini, menyertakan bagaimana strategi yang dilakukan pedagang untuk tetap menarik para wisatawan untuk tetap pergi ke Pasar Terapung Lok Baintan. Sehingga pasar ini menjadi destinasi wisata dan dapat membantu pembangunan Kalimantan Selatan.
Notulen
Authors: Ariyani Risma
Published: April 2021

Berikut ialah notulen hasil diskusi pembelajaran sejarah pendidikan indonesia
Artificial Aggrecan prodrugs in the treatment of Arthrosis
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: April 2021

Arthrosis (OA) is a debilitating disease which increasingly affects the geriatric population. Recent studies have shown that proteoglycan forming cartilage in human tissue is citrullinated in osteoarthritic patients and this could be the cause for the enhanced fragility in the knee joints, leading to fractures and falls. The flexibility of citrulline could be reduced compared to that of arginine as citrulline presents incorporations of rigid nitric elements as well as “condensed” proline atoms, making it resemble a metabolic byproduct of collagen and arginine. In truth, citrulline derives from the activity of multiple enzymes, both aggrecanase and arginase-1. The commentary describes causal involvement of citrullination in OA and also indicates potential therapeutic approaches to how displacing the pathological citrullinated arginine, could help patients with OA.
Borderline Personality Disorder with Paranoid Features
Authors: Iancu Adina Isabell , Lazăr Monica-Georgiana , Trifu Simona
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to evaluate the current and dynamic profile of a 19-year-old with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) with paranoid features. The case allows us to detect how the symptoms associated with BPD evolve on a background of poor management of potentially stressful events. There is a Borderline personality structure with obvious paranoid features, which pushes the patient into dysfunctional behaviors, aggressive acts and suicidal tendencies, the patient's instability, chaotic sexuality, addictive and self-harming behavior being observed. There are elements specific to an antisocial personality with narcissistic notes, which highlight impulsive and manipulative tendencies, accompanied by recurrent conflicts and delinquency. The clinical picture of axis II pathology is highlighted, an accentuated aspect being represented by the deficient defense mechanisms, which prevent the integration of the events in an adequate way. Considering the patient's self-destructive behaviors, impulsiveness, and multiple addictions, in the absence of appropriate treatment, psychotherapy, and/or pharmacological treatment, several future complications may occur, including risks of future problems with the law, self-destructive behaviors, and suicide attempts.
Penanaman Jiwa Nasionalisme dan Pendidikan Karakter Bangsa Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Septiawan Alfianoor
Published: April 2021

Tulisan mengenai penanaman jiwa nasionalisme dan pendidikan karakter bangsa pada pembelajaran sejarah.
Peran Hospitalitas Bagi Anak Korban Perceraian
Authors: Lumaga Siwan Abib
Published: April 2021

Perceraian merupakan putusnya ikatan hubungan antara sepasang suami dan istri yang berakibat perpisahan. Perceraian disebabkan oleh banyak hal yaitu tidak adanya lagi rasa mencintai, gagalnya berkomunikasi, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, ekonomi yang menurun, adanya pihak ketiga dalam hubungan dan perbedaan budaya. Dampak perceraian yang dilakukan orang tua dapat berpengaruh pada psikologi anak, keadaan sosial dan masa depan anak. Setelah melihat dampak perceraian tersebut diharapkan agar perceraian tidak lagi meningkat. Kasus perceraian yang terjadi pada tahun 2021 semakin meningkat dari tahun sebelumnya. Angka perceraian yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 pada bulan Januari hingga Februari ada 1.345 pengajuan perceraian yang telah masuk ke dalam pengadilan. Sebanyak 289 perkara cerai talak dari gugatan suami dan 943 perkara dari gugatan pihak Istri. Dalam hal ini peranan hospitalitas di butuhkan bagi anak korban perceraian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada anak korban perceraian yang dilakukan oleh orang tua. Metode yang digunakan saat penelitian ialah kualitatif.
Risk, Trust, and Flawed Assumptions: Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ebrahimi Omid V. , Johnson Miriam S. , Ebling Sara , Amundsen Ole Myklebust , Halsøy Øyvind , Hoffart Asle , Skjerdingstad Nora , Johnson Sverre Urnes
Published: April 2021

Background: The pace at which the present pandemic and future public health crises involving viral infections are eradicated heavily depends on the availability and routine implementation of vaccines. This process is further affected by a willingness to vaccinate, embedded in the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. The World Health Organization has listed vaccine hesitancy among the greatest threats to global health, calling for research to identify the factors associated with this phenomenon. Methods: The present study seeks to investigate the psychological, contextual, and sociodemographic factors associated with vaccination hesitancy in a large sample of the adult population. 4571 Norwegian adults were recruited through an online survey between January 23 to February 2, 2021. Subgroup analyses and multiple logistic regression was utilized to identify the covariates of vaccine hesitancy. Results: Several subgroups hesitant toward vaccination were identified, including males, rural residents, and parents with children below 18 years of age. No differences were found between natives and non-natives, across education or age groups. Individuals preferring unmonitored media platforms (e.g., information from peers, social media, online forums, and blogs) more frequently reported hesitance towards vaccination than those relying on information obtainment from source-verified platforms. Perceived risk of vaccination, belief in the superiority of natural immunity, fear concerning significant others being infected by the virus, and trust in health officials’ dissemination of vaccine-related information were identified as key variables related to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: Given the heterogeneous range of variables associated with vaccine hesitancy, additional strategies to eradicate vaccination fears are called for aside from campaigns targeting the spread of false information. Responding to affective reactions in addition to involving other community leaders besides government and health officials present promising approaches that may aid in combating vaccination hesitation.
Attitudes toward civil liberties and rights among politically charged online groups
Authors: Fasce Angelo , Avendaño Diego
Published: April 2021

Civil liberties and rights such as freedom of expression, press, thought, religion, association, lifestyle, and equality against the law are being subjected to controversies within the socio-political landscape of Western developed countries. Based on a literature review, we developed two hypotheses aimed at explaining divergent attitudes toward civil liberties among politically charged online communities on each side of the political spectrum. We report a correlational study using a cross-sectional sample of social media users (N = 902), whose results suggest that, as expected by our hypotheses, support for civil liberties tend to be higher among online groups of rightists—with economic conservatism being the only positive predictor and left-wing authoritarianism being a strong negative predictor. These results are discussed in relation to polarization over civil liberties and perceived power imbalances between online groups.
Emotion Differentiation and Youth Mental Health: Current Understanding and Open Questions
Authors: Nook Erik C
Published: April 2021

A growing body of research identifies emotion differentiation—the ability to specifically identify one’s emotions—as a key skill for well-being. High emotion differentiation is associated with healthier and more effective regulation of one’s emotions, and low emotion differentiation has been documented in several forms of psychopathology. However, the lion’s share of this research has focused on adult samples, even though approximately 50% of mental disorders onset before age 18. This review curates what we know about the development of emotion differentiation and its implications for youth mental health. I first review published studies investigating how emotion differentiation develops across childhood and adolescence, and studies testing relations between emotion differentiation and mental health in youth samples. Emerging evidence suggests that emotion differentiation actually falls across childhood and adolescence, a counterintuitive pattern that merits further investigation. Similarly, although several studies find relations between emotion differentiation and youth mental health, instability in results suggests that more data are needed for a firm conclusion to be drawn. I then identify open questions that currently limit our understanding of emotion differentiation, including (i) lack of clarity as to the valid measurement of emotion differentiation, (ii) potential third variables that could explain relations between emotion differentiation and mental-health (e.g., mean negative affect, IQ, personality, and circularity with outcomes), and (iii) lack of clear mechanistic models regarding the development of emotion differentiation and how it facilitates well-being. I conclude with a discussion of future directions that can address open questions and work towards interventions that treat (or even prevent) psychopathology.
Brief Report: Predictors of Adolescent Mental Health and Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Murat Baldwin Mina , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Altschul Drew , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Murray Aja Louise
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study explored predictors of COVID-19-related stress and wellbeing of Scottish adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown to identify potentially malleable risk and protective factors.Methods: 5,548 participants were surveyed regarding stress, loneliness, wellbeing, schoolwork, support from school, and interaction with friends and family. Multiple linear regressions within a structural equation modelling framework were fit to predict COVID-19-related stress and wellbeing during the UK’s first lockdown.Results: Loneliness, variables related to the ability to continue with schoolwork, and perceived support from school were important predictors of greater COVID-19-related stress and wellbeing during the first lockdown. Female adolescents were also more likely to show higher stress and poorer wellbeing.Conclusions: Facilitating meaningful social interaction and ensuring the ability to continue with schoolwork, and providing social support from school should be priority strategies to help protect the mental health and wellbeing of secondary school students during lockdowns and other disruptions to school attendance.
Small area variation in crime effects of COVID-19 policies in England and Wales
Authors: Langton Samuel , Dixon Anthony , Farrell Graham
Published: April 2021

It is well established that COVID-19 policies to restrict movement induced widespread falls in many crime types internationally. Much less is known about variation between areas in how these changes occurred. This study uses k-means clustering to examine local area variation in police notifiable offences across England and Wales. It finds that crime in most areas remained stable, a small proportion of areas accounting for disproportionate change. These were typically city centers with plentiful pre-pandemic crime opportunities, dominated by theft and shoplifting offences. We explore potential implications for policy, theory and further research.
Velocity determination of Kathmandu Complex
Authors: Pandey M. R.
Published: April 2021

Longitudinal and transverse wave velocity of the Kathmandu Complex has been determined based on the arrival times of seismic waves from Kulekhani Dam Quarry blasts, at Phulchaki, Daman and Kakani stations of the Kathmandu Tripartite seismic network by least square method.
A short note on Geology of Phulchauki
Authors: Bhattarai K. D.
Published: April 2021

This paper briefly deals about the Geology and structure of Phulchauki hill, one of the two fossiliferous localities of lesser Himalaya. Geological observation of the author is correlated with previous work and the structure of the area is evaluated.
Himalayan and Trans Himalayan granitic rocks in and adjacent to Nepal and their mineral potential
Authors: Mitchell A. H. G.
Published: April 2021

Granitic rocks occupying eight distinct tectonic settings can be recognized in the Himalayas and   Transhimalayas.  In the Lower Himalayas geographical belt a few plutons of two-mica granite intrude the lowest unit of the Nawakot Complex or Midland Group. More extensive are sheet- like lies of augen gneiss intrusive within a possibly thrust bounded succession carbonates and graphitic schists beneath the Main Central Thrust to the north. The most abundant granites in the Lower Himalayas are the two- mica cordierite- bearing granite within klippen; minor tin and tungsten mineralization is associated with these plutons, which are of late Cambrian age. Within the Higher Himalayas above the Main Central Thrust, the ‘Central Crystallines’ or Central Gneisses include pegmatites and pegmatitic granites intrusive into gneisses of probable early Proterozoic age; these have same potential for ruby, sapphire, aquamarine and possibly spodumene. Further north within the Higher Himalayan succession a southern belt of anatectic two- mica granites and leucogranites of mid-Tertiary age is favorable for tin, tungsten and uranium mineralization; a northern belt of granites or gneisses is of uncertain age and origin. North of the Indus Suture in the Transhimalayas extensive batholiths of hornblende granodiorite representing the root zone of a late Mesozoic to early Eocene volcanic arc are associated with porphyry copper deposits. Further north in southern Tibet the tectonic, setting for reported granitic bodies of  Tertiary  age  is  uncertain; their location suggests that they could be favorable host rocks for tin, uranium and porphyry molybdenum mineralization.
A study on the crustal movement in the Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Kizaki Koshiro
Published: April 2021

Under the circumtances, basic data on the crustal movement of the Nepal Himalayas are most necessary. The upheaval process of some ten million years from Tertiary to present should be understood by the analysis of the kinematics being constructed by the time dependence process of the three dimensional architecture of the mountains. In other words, the crustal movement of 107-8 years should be revealed by geological method, that of 104-5 years by geomorphological method, and 100-2 years by geodetic method. These data should be integrated to elucidate the problem.

The geological investigations of the Nepal Himalayas have been conducted by the scientists of the Tethys Society and various universites in Japan since 1962. Some of the main achievements of these investigations have been published in the "Geology of the Nepal Himalayas" (edited by S. Hashimoto, 1973).
Petrography of Sandstones of Sirkang Area (Parbat District) Central West Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Upreti B. N.
Published: April 2021

Different varieties of sandstones are identified from the Lesser Himalayan low grade metasediments of Kali Gandaki Valley. In previous literatures they were very loosely described as quartzites, metasandstones and sandstones. On the basis of a detailed petrographic study, the author has classified these sandstones into five main types, viz. quartz arenite, sublitharenite, feldspathic graywacke, lithic graywacke and dolomitic sandstone; and their paleoenvironmental significance has been discussed. The primary sedimentary textures and structures are strikingly well preserved and the regional metamorphism has caused only mild changes in these rocks.
Himalayan Nappes in and adjacent to central Nepal
Authors: Mitchell A. H. G. , Bhandary A. N. , Jnawali B. M. , Madhikermi D. P. , Amatya K. M. , Adhikari P. P. , Shakya R. R. , Sharma R. R. , Tamrakar S. M.
Published: April 2021

Results of recent geological mapping in the region of the Main Central Thrust of central Nepal indicate that the Benighat Slates and overlying units are a nappe probably equivalent to the Jutogh Group of Kumaon.  Interpretation of the Ampipal Nepheline Syenite as basement of the Indian Shield implies that the Lower Nawakot Group is also a nappe. Total displacement on the Benighat Nappe, the Lower Nawakot Nappe and the previously described Kathmandu Nappe exceeds 210 km, indicating that continental crust of the Indian Plate has underthrust southern Tibet. South of the Transhimalayan magmatic arc, loss of the former arc-trench gap implies more than 100 km of northward overthrusting by upper crustal rocks of the Tethyan Himalayas.
Time-Domain induced Polarization Dipole-Dipole method for the investigation of Sulphide ore - example of some Copper prospects of Nepal
Authors: Tandukar R. P. , Bajracharya R. B.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the results of geophysical surveys carried out using induced polarization (IP) time-domain method with dipole-dipole configuration for the investigation of sulphide ore bodies in Kurule, Wapsa and Kalitar copper prospects of Nepal.

IP anomalies were observed in all the prospects which were subsequently checked by drilling. Sulphide mineralization in disseminated forms and in lenses were found.

The IP time-domain dipole-dipole method was found successful in the detection of disseminated sulphide mineralization even if its grade was very low.
Zinc-Lead mineralisation in Ganesh Himal region of central Nepal
Authors: Chakrabarti C. K.
Published: April 2021

High grade mineralisation of zinc and lead sulphides occur near the Main Central Thrust (MCT) Zone of the Himalaya in the lower regions of Ganesh Himal Range in Nepal. The host rock is crystalline dolomitic limestone showing tremendous flow in a highly folded sequence of garnetiferous mica-schist, quartzites, calcareous schists, and bands of hornblende gneiss. The stratigraphic control and the simple nature of mineralisations suggest a syn-sedimentary genesis.
A Note to the Lignite occurrence in Lukundol, Kathmandu
Authors: Tuladhar R. M.
Published: April 2021

The Quaternary fluvio-lacustrme sediments of Kathmandu Valley arc characterized by the occurrence of low quality lignite. The lignites are more confined to the lower part of this deposition in the Lukundol Formation, consisting of clay, silt, sand and coarse sand. These lignites show ambivalent characters between lignite and peat.
Stratigraphy of the Sabhaya khola region, Sankhuha Sabha district, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Andrews Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Litho-stratigraphy of Sabhaya Khola region of eastern Nepal is worked out. The area is divided by thrusts into three main units viz; Milke Gneiss, Kathmandu Complex and Nuwakot Complex. The units are further subdivided into groups    and formations mainly based on lithological characteristics. An attempt is also made to correlate these rocks with previous investigations in and adjacent to the present study area.

Economic deposits of almandine garnet occur within a N-S extending narrow zone in the Chainpur Group of Kathmandu Complex. The mineralization in the zone is considered to be controlled stratigraphically. Also, gem bearing pegrnatites occur in a definite stratigraphic horizon within the Phakuwa Group of Kathmandu Complex, just below the Main Central Thrust.
Effectiveness of online Grammarly application in improving academic writing: review of experts experience
Authors: Perdana Indra , Manullang Sardjana Orba , Masri Fina Amalia
Published: April 2021

This study aims to discuss the effectiveness of the Grammarly online application in improving academic writing through the experience of reviewing published papers. For that, we have reviewed a variety of literature and listened to the experiences of other academics published in various international journals. We chose descriptive qualitative content analysis. For example, it involves an in-depth analysis of each expert's experience with an exploratory phenomenological approach. To do this, we involve a coding analysis system, critically evaluate the content and ensure the results are valid and reliable. As for literature sources, we do with the help of the Google Doc application, Eric Publications, Google scholars, and other online literature sources. We do this considering that we did this study in a dynamic era and responded to the pandemic protocol and public restriction in Indonesia. We follow the guidelines of descriptive qualitative studies experts in academic writing and application technology. The result is that most academics say that the Grammarly online application is very suitable for use by writers because its usefulness is beneficial in tracking writing errors.
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE DATA OF INSTRUMENTAL EXAMINATIONS OF WOMEN AFFECTED BY UTERINE FIBROIDS WITH CONCOMITANT HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES
Authors: Oleksandra Hryhorivna Boichuk  , Maduacolam Cornelius Agodi
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, women’s reproductive health is a topical issue of obstetrics and gynecology, therefore, great importance is attributed to timely diagnosis and prevention of diseases that influence fertility. The topicality of the issue of uterine hyperplasia, in particular, uterine fibroids, is accounted for by the social significance of the disease. Its incidence rate is constantly growing and makes up from 30 to 50% in women older than 35 years and, according to the data of autopsy, - up to 80%. No doubt, the peculiarities of development and progression of hyperplasia are determined by the reserve potential of various systems and organs, including the hepatobiliary system.The aim of research is to analyze the results of instrumental examinations of the functional capacity of hepatocytes in women affected by uterine fibroids and functional disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Research materials and methods. To accomplish the set objective, we used the following contemporary instrumental examination methods: ultrasonography and rheovasohepatography as well as a clinical and paraclinical analysis of caserecords of 150 women aged between 35 and 45 and affected by uterine fibroids, who were treated at the gynecological department of the Regional Perinatal Centre.Research results. As the research result show, uterine fibroids and the related hormonal disorders often go together with functional and morphological lesion of hepatocytes. Patients affected by uterine fibroids have preconditions for the development of functional disorders of hepatocytes as they present significant disorders of hepatic hemodynamics, decreased blood supply of the liver, as a result of pre- and postcapillary resistance.Conclusions. There is a close connection between uterine fibroids with concomitant hepatobiliary disorders and the severity of hormonal disorders, and the significant lesion of hepatocytes may be irreversible. Thisrequires pathogenetic correction by introducing drugs with hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects.
UNIFORMITY OF RESULTS OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENT SERIES DURING PREPARING A CONTROL SAMPLE FOR QUALIFICATION TESTS
Authors: Нодари Абелашвили  , Ника Абелашвили
Published: April 2021

The work examines the methodology for assessing the homogeneity of the control sample of interlaboratory qualification tests, which is the most important characteristic of determining its status. The criterion for assessing the homogeneity between the characterizing values of the samples is the root mean square deviation and standard deviation of the proficiency test of the control sample with the standard uncertainty of the assigned value, which is a requirement of the ISO 13528 standard. Ignoring this requirement may provoke a false assessment of the participated laboratories taking corrective action.
Potential Traffic Accident Analysis of Bangkinang – Rantau Berangin Road Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Abdul Kudus Zaini  , Abdussalam
Published: April 2021

A traffic accident is an unexpected and unintentional event involving a vehicle with or without other road users, resulting in human casualties (minor injuries, serious injuries, and death) and property loss. In penel itian have taken vertebra way the segments road Bangkinang - Rantau Berangin KM 60 to KM 100 . This study aims for know se how much the level of traffic accidents in the area and for get The value of Accident Rate is Black Spot and Black Site on road Bangkinang-Rantau Berangin.The method used in this research is the Calculation Analysis method by identifying the Black Spot and Black Site based on the Accident Rate . The results of the analysis of data years 2014 - 2018 indicates that the segments road Bangkinang - Rantau Berangin can be identified value Accident rate which is Black Spot is the village of Pulau Gadang - Tanjung Alai with accident rate amounted to 2,069 and also the village of Tanjung Alai – Batu Bersurat with grades Accident rate amounted to 2,069. While for Accident rate against Black Site among others , namely the segment road Tanjung Alai – Batu Bersurat with Accident rate of 0.295 followed by the village of Pulau Gadang - Tanjung Alai is 0,258 and followed the village of Kuok - Village Lereng with Accident rate 0,240. From the analysis the researchers concluded that there are three locations which are the areas rawaan traffic accidents on roads Bangkinang - namely Rantau Berangin Village Tanjung Alai - Village Batu Bersurat , the village of Pulau Gadang - Tanjung Alai and villages Kuok - Village Lereng
Numerical simulation of the stress strain state of base of the multi-helix screw pile under static loading in clay soil
Authors: Sedin Volodymyr , Kovba Vladyslav , Volnianskyi Yurii , Bikus Kateryna
Published: April 2021

A full-scale experiment was conducted to study the operation of a multi-helix screw pile under static pressing and pulling load in dusty clay soil.

Based on the full-scale test of a multi-helix screw pile under static loading in dusty clay soil, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the base of the multi-helix screw pile was performed.

Multi-helix screw piles are actively used all over the world, and have also become widespread in Ukraine. Foundations made of multi-helix screw piles are often used for industrial construction as well as the foundations of low-rise buildings and structures.

Despite the growing demand for the use of multi-helix screw piles in modern construction, there is no official document calculating the features of their design and bearing capacity of a multi-helix screw pile. This poses a number of new tasks for engineers and geotechnical: a) development of new modern calculation methods; b) development and use of modern normative documents and recommendations for the calculation of foundations from multi-helix screw piles in various soil conditions; с) use of computer-aided design systems for calculation of complex geotechnical tasks; d) development of calculation models that will take into account nonlinear models of deformation of materials and soil base. Foundations made of multi-helix screw piles are a promising direction in the field of foundation construction due to the reduction of the duration of the foundation and its economic. This requires the development of regulations with recommendations for the calculation and use of multi-helix screw piles in the field of foundation construction, development of modern calculation models for the calculation of bearing capacity and settling of multi-helix screw piles in different geological conditions.

Based on the results of the field study of the work of multi-helix screw piles in clay soils, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the base of the multi-turn pile was performed, and their results were compared.
Stress distribution in column-plate foundations of Monument of Christ The King erected in Świebodzin
Authors: Marcinowski Jakub , Sakharov Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

The paper presents results of numerical simulations of the stress distribution and deformations within of foundations of huge monument of Christ The King erected in Świebodzin (Poland) in 2010. It is 3 meters taller than the better known statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, standing at 30.1 meters tall without its pedestal.
Foundations were built as a system of reinforced concrete columns and slabs which can be classified as a spatial column-slab system. Actual mechanical parameters of the substrate and of the artificial mound made of field stones, sand, gravel and clay were adopted in calculations. The numerical simulations of structural members of foundation and determination of the stress distribution are presented in the article. Monument itself was not included into the model. Instead of it the rigid cantilever was introduced to which resultant forces were applied. Three different stages were distinguished: the initial state after foundation and mound accomplishment, the initial state plus the dead load and the initial state plus the dead load and the wind load. It was assumed that the wind load was taken into account in a quasi-static formulation by applying the equivalent horizontal force and the torque. Stresses and displacements for these three stages were determined by Finite Element Method using Simulia ABAQUS system. It was disclosed what was a contribution of particular parts of foundations in sustaining loads in considered load cases. The state of exertion of structural members of foundations and the soil itself was assessed.
It was showed that the column-slab foundations and soils of the mound play important role in taking loads of the statue, spreading them and safe transferring to the undisturbed level of natural soils. According to the numerical simulations results the columns of foundation take as much as 64% of the vertical load (in the most unfavourable load conditions). At the same time soils of the mound take through the side surface of piles about 20 % of the vertical load.
Influence of parameters of retaining walls and loose soils on the stability of slopes in the new construction of residential complexes
Authors: Skochko Liudmyla , Nosenko Viktor , Pidlutskyi Vasyl , Gavryliuk Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The stability of the slope in the existing and design provisions is investigated, the constructive decisions of retaining walls on protection of the territory of construction of a residential complex in a zone of a slope are substantiated. The stability of the slope when using rational landslide structures is estimated.

The results of the calculation of the slope stability for five characteristic sections on the basis of engineering-geological survey are analyzed. For each of the given sections the finite-element scheme according to the last data on change of a relief is created. The slope was formed artificially by filling the existing ravine with construction debris from the demolition of old houses and from the excavation of ditches for the first houses of the complex. Five sections along the slope are considered and its stability in the natural state and design positions is determined. Also the constructive decisions of retaining walls on protection of the territory of construction of a residential complex as along the slope there are bulk soils with various difference of heights are substantiated. This requires a separate approach to the choice of parameters of retaining walls, namely the dimensions of the piles and their mutual placement, as well as the choice of the angle of the bulk soil along the slope.

The calculations were performed using numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the system "slope soils-retaining wall" using the finite element method. An elastic-plastic model of soil deformation with a change in soil parameters (deformation module) depending on the level of stresses in the soil is adopted. Hardening soil model (HSM) used. Calculations of slope stability involve taking into account the technological sequence of erection of retaining walls and modeling of the phased development of the pit. The simulation was performed in several stages: Stage 1 - determination of stresses from the own shaft, Stage 2 - assessment of slope stability before construction, Stage 3 - installation of retaining wall piles, Stage 4 - assessment of slope stability after landslides. Based on these studies, practical recommendations were developed for the design of each section of the retaining wall in accordance with the characteristic cross-sections.
Influence of the effect of crumpling of clay soils in compression tests on the determination of the subsidence of the base
Authors: Piatkov Oleksandr , Zhuk Veronika , Poliukhovych Olha
Published: April 2021

The effect of "compression error" - the effect of crumpling samples of dusty clay soils in compression tests - has been investigated experimentally.

For this purpose, compression tests of sands and loams were carried out on a special compression device with a ring area A = 360 cm2 and a height hk = 7 cm.

The second difference of this device is the presence in the upper stamp of holes with a diameter of up to 5 mm for the installation of screw marks, which were placed in clay soil samples at a distance of up to 5 mm from the contact surface between the stamp and the soil.

The modulus of deformation is the main deformation mechanical characteristic of the soil. It is known from practice that more reliable values of this characteristic can be obtained by testing soil bases with stamps in the field. However, when designing the foundations of shallow foundation, as a rule, apply odometric tests of soils in the laboratory on standard compression devices with a ring area of 60 cm2 and a height of hk = 25 mm by the method of 2 curves [6]. To obtain the calculated values, the compression modules are corrected using transient coefficients [7, 4].

And most importantly, when determining the values of odometric laboratory modules, using standard compression devices, the result is affected by the "compression error". That is, the initial data for the calculated modules of deformation of the engineering-geological elements of the base can be significantly underestimated, which has been confirmed many times by complex pair (stamp-odometer) studies of soils under compression.

Studies of soil compression in compression conditions, conducted in the laboratory of foundations and foundations of KNUBA [2] prove the possibility of improving the results of odometric tests of soils for compression, bringing them closer to the strain.