bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omega-classification of Surface Diffeomorphisms Realizing Smale Diagrams
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Barinova M. K. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Gogulina E. Y. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pochinka O. V.
Published: October 2021

The present paper gives a partial answer to Smale’s question which diagrams can correspond to $(A,B)$-diffeomorphisms. Model diffeomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus derived by “Smale surgery” are considered, and necessary and sufficient conditions for their topological conjugacy are found. Also, a class $G$ of $(A,B)$-diffeomorphisms on surfaces which are the connected sum of the model diffeomorphisms is introduced. Diffeomorphisms of the class $G$ realize any connected Hasse diagrams (abstract Smale graph). Examples of diffeomorphisms from $G$ with isomorphic labeled Smale diagrams which are not ambiently $\Omega$-conjugated are constructed. Moreover, a subset $G_{*}\subset G$ of diffeomorphisms for which the isomorphism class of labeled Smale diagrams is a complete invariant of the ambient $\Omega$-conjugacy is singled out.
Stiffness Model Reduction for Manipulators with Double Encoders: Algebraic Approach
Authors:   Innopolis University, Mikhel S. K. ,   Innopolis University, Klimchik A. S.
Published: October 2021

To compare the proposed techniques with the experimental approach, the robot deformation under load is simulated and the tool displacement is estimated. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent in terms of accuracy. While the experimental method is easier to implement, the algebraic approach allows analyzing the contribution of each link in a reduced model of elasticity. Besides, the obtained estimate of the parameters does not depend on the accuracy of measurements and configurations used in the identification process.
Experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT): a Dual Approach for the Adsorption of Cd (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution by Starch-Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Melhi Saad , Jan Saeed Ullah , Khan Adnan Ali , Badshah Khan , Ullah Saeed , Bostan Bushra , Selamoglu Zeliha
Published: October 2021

Cadmium (II) contamination in the environment is an emerging problem due to its acute toxicity and mobility, so it is very urgent to remove this species from industrial wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. Thus, a starch-based activated carbon (AC) with a specific surface area of 1600 m2g-1 is used as an adsorbent for the capturing of toxic Cadmium (II) ions from synthetic solution. The sorbent is characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and zeta potential. The maximum uptake (284 mg g-1) of Cadmium (II) ion is obtained at pH 6. The thermodynamics parameters like ∆G, ∆H, ΔS are found to be -17.42 kJmol-1, 6.49 kJ mol-1, and 55.66 Jmol-1K-1 respectively, revealing that the adsorption mechanism is endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible. The experimental data follows the D-R and Langmuir models well. The mass transfer is controlled by pseudo 2nd order kinetics. Furthermore, the density functional theory simulations demonstrate that the activated carbon strongly interacted with the Cd (II) ion through its various active sites. The adsorption energy noted for all interactive sites is highly negative (-0.45 eV to -10.03 eV), which shows that the adsorption process is spontaneous and stable which is in agreement with the experimental thermodynamics analysis.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran CMP berbantuan Google Classroom terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa SMP Negeri 227 Jakarta
Authors: Hasna Afifah  , Pinta Deniyanti Sampoerno  , Tian Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran CMP berbantuan google classroom terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quasi experiment. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dan simple random sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 32 siswa di kelas eksperimen (menggunakan model pembelajaran CMP berbantuan google classroom) dan 31 siswa di kelas kontrol (menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional). Kedua kelas tersebut telah memenuhi syarat normalitas dan homogenitasnya serta memiliki kesamaan rata-rata. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah hasil tes kemampuan representasi matematis siswa pada pokok bahasan Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar. Tes tersebut sebanyak enam soal yang berbentuk uraian dan telah melalui pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, data tersebut berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varians yang homogen. Oleh karena itu, pengujian hipotesis statistik menggunakan uji-t dengan varians yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai , sehingga tolak dengan taraf signifikansi . Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model CMP berbantuan google classroom terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa di SMP Negeri 227 Jakarta. Berdasarkan perhitungan besar pengaruh diperoleh nilai d = 0,524 sehingga termasuk dalam kategori Medium yang berarti memiliki pengaruh yang sedang yaitu sebesar 33%.
Optimizing the Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System (HABITATS)
Authors: Page Martin , MacAllister Bruce , Campobasso Marissa , Urban Angela , Thomas Catherine , Cender Clinton , Arnett Clint , White Craig , Martinez-Guerra Edith , Boyd Ashley , Gao Elizabeth , Kennedy Alan , Biber Thomas , Pokrzywinski Kaytee , Grasso Christopher , Fernando Briana , Veinotte Christopher , Riley Jim , Gonzalez Ashley , Miller Jay , Gunderson Kathryn , Schideman Lance , Zhang Yuanhui , Sharma B. , Levy Dan , Colona Bill , Pinelli David , Karst-Riddoch Tammy , Lovins Will
Published: October 2021

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) continue to affect lakes and waterways across the nation, often resulting in environmental and economic damage at regional scales. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and collaborators have continued research on the Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System (HABITATS) project to develop a rapidly deployable and scalable system for mitigating large HABs. The second year of the project focused on optimization research, including (1) development of a new organic flocculant formulation for neutralization and flotation of algal cells; (2) testing and initial optimization of a new, high-throughput biomass dewatering system with low power requirements; (3) development, design, assembly, and initial testing of the first shipboard HABITATS prototype; (4) execution of two field pilot studies of interception and treatment systems in coordination with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; (5) conversion of algal biomass into biocrude fuel at pilot scale with a 33% increase in yield compared to the previous bench scale continuous-flow reactor studies; and (6) refinement of a scalability analysis and optimization model to guide the future development of full-scale prototypes.
New Insights Into the Relationship Between Seismic Intensity Measures and Nonlinear Structural Response
Authors: Vargas-Alzate Yeudy Felipe , Hurtado Jorge E. , Pujades Lluis G.
Published: October 2021

This paper focuses on the probabilistic analysis of Intensity Measures (IMs) and Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) for earthquake excitations. Several statistical properties, which are desirable in IMs when they are used to predict EDPs, have been analyzed. The main sources of uncertainty involved in the calculation of the seismic risk have been considered in the analysis. Efficiency, sufficiency and steadfastness have been quantified for a set of IMs with respect to two EDPs: the maximum inter-storey drift ratio, MIDR, and the maximum floor acceleration, MFA. Steadfastness is a new statistical property proposed in this article. It is related to the ability of IMs to forecast EDPs for big building suites. This also means that efficiency does not significantly vary when different types of buildings are included in the statistical analyses. This property allows reducing the number of calculations when performing seismic risk estimations at urban level since, for instance, a large variety of fragility curves of specific buildings can be grouped together within an only one, but more generic, fragility function. The nonlinear dynamic response of probabilistic multi-degree-of-freedom buildings’ models, subjected to a large data set of ground motion records, have been considered to perform the statistical analysis. Specifically, reinforced concrete buildings whose number of stories vary from 3 to 13 stories have been analysed. 18 spectrum-, energy- and direct-accelerogram-based IMs have been considered harein. From the statistical properties of the generated clouds of IM-EDP points, efficiency and sufficiency properties have been quantified. For MIDR, results show that IMs based on spectral velocity are more efficient and steadfast than the ones based on spectral acceleration; spectral velocity averaged in a range of periods, AvSv, has shown to be the most efficient and steadfast IM. The opposite happens for MFA, that is, spectral acceleration-based-IMs are more efficient than the velocity-based ones. A comparison on the use of linear vs quadratic regression models, and their implications on the derivation of fragility functions, is presented as well. Concerning sufficiency, most of the 18 basic IMs analyzed herein do not have this property. However, multi-regression models have been employed to address this lack of sufficiency allowing to obtain a so-called ‘ideal’ IM.
Discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 Mutations Between Breast Cancer Brain Metastases and Matched Primary Tumors
Authors: THULIN ANNA , Andersson Carola , Rönnerman Elisabeth , Lara Shahin , Chamalidou Chaido , Schoenfeldt Arnd , Kovács Anikó , Fagman Henrik , Enlund Fredrik , Linderholm Barbro
Published: October 2021

Purpose: There is limited knowledge of the biology of breast cancer (BC) brain metastasis (BM). We primarily aimed to determine the mutations in BCBM and to compare the mutational pattern with the matched primary breast cancer (BC). Secondary aims were to determine mutations in each subgroup (Luminal, HER2+ and TNBC) of BCBM and to determine survival according to specific mutations. Patients and methods: We investigated 57 BCBMs, including 46 cases with matched primary tumors (PT) by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using the Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (ThermoFisher Scientific) covering 207 targeted regions in 50 cancer related genes. Subtype according to immunohistochemistry was re-evaluated. Results: NGS results fulfilling sequencing quality criteria were obtained from 52 BM and 41 PT, out of which 37 were matched pairs. Pathogenic mutations were detected in 66% of PTs (27/41), and 62% of BMs (32/52). TP53 mutations were most frequent; 49% (20/41) of PTs and 48% (25/52) in BMs, followed by PIK3CA mutations; 22% (9/42) in PTs and 25% (13/52) in BMs. Mutations in CDH1, EGFR, HRAS, RB1 CDKN2A and PTEN were detected in single pairs or single samples. Mutational pattern was discordant in 24% of matched pairs. Conclusions: We show a discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 mutations of roughly 25% indicating the need to develop methods to assess mutational status in brain metastasis where analysis of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has shown promising results.
Efficacy and Safety of Qushi Huayu Granule For Hyperlipidemia: Study Protocol For a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Yuanlong , Hu Na , Chen Gaofeng , Wang Yanjie , Hu Yiyang , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2021

Background: Hyperlipidemia has become a common chronic disease worldwide in recent years. Studies shown that hyperlipidemia patients, especially those with a high level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), have a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis, leading to coronary heart disease. Previous basic experiments and clinical studies have shown that Qushi Huayu granule (QSHY) can reduce blood lipids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied by hyperlipidemia, but lack of clinical efficacy evaluation for patients with hyperlipidemia. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of Qushi Huayu granule for Hyperlipidemia. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 210 hyperlipidemia participants will be enrolled and randomized into QSHY or placebo granule groups in equal proportions, and receive treatment for 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the percentage change of LDL-C from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes are other serum lipid biochemical markers levels, life quality measuring health surveys, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Pattern Scale. All related tests will be measured at baseline, week 12 and 24 after enrolment. Adverse events and safety of intervention will be monitored and evaluated.Discussion: We design a clinical trial of hyperlipidemia management with QSHY, a TCM formula. The results of this trial will present the efficacy and safety of QSHY in patients with hyperlipidemia, and provide clinical evidence for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR2000034125. Registered on June 25, 2019.
Lung Adenocarcinoma Isolated Metastasizing to Pancreas a Case Report and Review
Authors: Tan Ludong , Fu Yu , Wang Shupeg , Peiqiang Jiang , Liu Yahui
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Lung cancers are prone to metastasis. It is commonly associated with metastases in the brain, bone, and liver.However, isolated pancreatic metastasis are extremely rare in lung adenocarcinoma patients。CASE SUMMARY: A Chinese man underwent pulmonary lobectomy for adenocarcinrcinoma 6 years ago. He was referred to our department because that postoperative reexamination(Abdomen CT) revealed space occupying lesions in the pancreatic neck,and no abnormality was found in any other organ. Therefore, it was considered to pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreatectomy of the pancreatic body and tail, as well as splenectomy, were performed,and he was given four courses of Pemetrexed and Carboplatin chemotherapy after one month of operation. Then the gefitinib was given.A year after surgery, the patient survived without tumor.CONCLUSION: Secondary pancreatic tumors are rare in clinical practice.It is the longer tumor-free survival in patients with isolated pancreatic metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.However,the value of surgical treatment for isolated metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma needs further discussion.
Real Workload-Situated Training in COVID-19 Prevention of General Practice Residents in China: A Situated Cognition Study
Authors: Rao Xin , Luo Li , Su Qiaoli , Wang Xingyue
Published: October 2021

Objective:The participation of general practice (GP) residents in COVID-19 prevention and control tasks touched workload participation in public health and disease prevention and control and was also a rare, valuable training experience for the residents and research material for medical education . This experience contributed to the understanding of three key points: First, was the content of the COVID-19 prevention task suited to them, or did it overload them in the present? Second, their competence in the COVID-19 prevention task reflected whether the early medical school training was sufficient or not .Third, what can be drawn from this study to promote public health training in the future? This study aimed to explore these issues by conducting a real epidemic situated training (REST) program.Methods: A situated cognition study was designed that included situational context design, legitimate peripheral participation, and the construction of a community of practice. The Task Cognitive Load Scale (NASA-TLX Scale) and self-developed questionnaires were adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey of resident doctors in a GP training program from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and 183 questionnaires were collected. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for the statistical analysis of data.Results: The NASA scale showed that the intensity of field epidemic prevention and control (training) was tolerable. In particular, there was no statistical difference in the cognitive load intensity of training before and after the epidemic occurred at different time points (P<0.05). This shows that they were early trained and well prepared before sudden outbreak of the COVID-19.Before the outbreak of the epidemic, the public health knowledge and training received came from undergraduate education (83.16%), early residents program training (69.47%), online self-study (49.16%), and continuing education (20.53%). Conclusion:Former medical school education and training at the regulatory training stage have a good effect and enable residents to master the skills required for epidemic prevention and control and to physically and mentally prepare for the task. After this stage, epidemic prevention and control training in real situations will make important contributions to the self-assessment and performance improvement of public health training,and make participants more competent to face the epidemic task.
Integrated Analysis of Behavioral and Health Data: A Comparative Study of COVID19 Data in Israel and Italy
Authors: Kenett Ron , Manzi Giancarlo , Rapaport Carmit , Salini Silvia
Published: October 2021

The response to the COVID19 pandemic has been highly variable, both in terms of between-nations variation and within the same nation, at different waves. In this context, governments applied different mitigation policy responses with varying impact on social and economic measures over time. This article examines the effect of mobility restriction measures in Italy and Israel and compares the association between health and population mobility data. Facing the pandemic, Israel and Italy implemented different policy measures and experienced different public activity patterns. The analysis we conducted is a staged approach using Bayesian Networks and Structural Equations Models to investigate these patterns. The goal is to assess the impact of pandemic management and mitigation policies on pandemic spread and population activity. We propose a methodology that first models data from health registries and Google mobility data and then shows how decision makers can conduct scenario analysis to help support pandemic management policies.
Impact of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibition on Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Pre-Existing Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sato Kei , White Nicole , Fanning Jonathon P. , Obonyo Nchafatso , Yamashita Michael H. , Appadurai Vinesh , Ciullo Anna , May Meryta , Worku Elliott T. , Helms Leticia , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Juzar Dafsah A. , Suen Jacky Y. , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F. , Arora Rakesh C. ,   COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe influence of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the critically ill COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypertension remains uncertain. This study examined the impact of previous use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on the critically ill COVID-19 patients.MethodsData from an international, prospective, observational cohort study involving 354 hospitals spanning 54 countries were included. A cohort of 746 COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypertension admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in 2020 were targeted. Multi-state survival analysis was performed to evaluate in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay up to 90 days following ICU admission.ResultsA total of 746 patients were included - 543 (73%) with pre-existing hypertension had received ACEi/ARBs before ICU admission, while 203 (27%) had not. Cox proportional hazards model showed that previous ACEi/ARB use was associated with a decreased hazard of in-hospital death (HR, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.93). Sensitivity analysis adjusted for propensity scores showed similar results for hazards of death. The average length of hospital stay was longer in ACEi/ARB group with 21.4 days (95% CI: 19.9 to 23.0 days) in ICU and 6.7 days (5.9 to 7.6 days) in general ward compared to non-ACEi/ARB group with 16.2 days (14.1 to 18.5 days) and 6.3 days (5.0 to 7.7 days), respectively. When analysed separately, there was insufficient evidence of differential effects between ACEi and ARB use on the hazards of death and discharge.ConclusionsIn critically ill COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension, use of ACEi/ARBs prior to ICU admission was associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality following adjustment for baseline characteristics although patients with ACEi/ARB showed longer length of hospital stay.
Optimization of DMG-CNTFET Photo Detector for Different Illumination Conditions by Nano Scale Size and Doping Through Self-consistent Poisson- Schrodinger Equations
Authors: May Arul , Rajamani Rajamani , Kavitha Kavitha
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a nano scale Dual Material Gate Carbon Nanotube field-effect transistor (DMG-CNTFET) photo detector based on self-consistent 2D Poisson and Schrodinger equation. The main advantage of the proposed device is the improved performance due to dual material gate consisting of two laterally contacting Molybdenum and Titanium metals (M1,M2) with two different work functions (𝜙𝑔𝑀1, 𝜙𝑔𝑀2). The 2D-Poisson equation is solved through finite difference method in open boundary for dark and illuminated condition. The Schrodinger equation is solved through non-equilibrium green function. The proposed DMG-CNTFET photo detector overcomes the problem of maximum thickness in gate oxide and gate size by nano-scaled sizing and highly doped source and drain. The gain and cut off frequency of the device are increased due to the reduced work function and the drain conductance. The characteristics of the proposed transistor are validated through various parameters such as drain current, transfer, sub threshold swing, trans-conductance, gain and cutoff frequency. From the simulation results, the proposed DMG-CNTFET photo detector provides better performance of trans conductance, gain and cutoff frequency. These device characteristics are the key parameters in the design and fabrication of various electronic circuitry and design and hence the relative performance improvement is achievable.
Conduction System Disease and Atrioventricular Block in Victims of COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Sadeghi Alireza , Ebrahimi Niloofar Dehdari , Estedlal Alireza , Maktabi Amirhossein , Kamgar Mahtab , Mehran Fatemeh , Mehdibeygi Omid , Esfandiari Haleh , Tayebi Mohammadamir Taherinezhad , Heydari Seyed Taghi
Published: October 2021

Background
More recently, a growing body of literature on COVID-19 has investigated the electrophysiological issues presetting as a disease manifestation of COVID-19 and highlight the spectrum of arrhythmias observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. This Study discuss the prevalence of arrhythmias and conduction system disease in patients with COVID-19.
Method
electrocardiographic data and comorbidity data of 432 expired COVID-19 patients admitted to Faghihi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from August 1st until December 1st were reviewed.
Results
AVB was found in 40(9.3%) patients. 28(6.5%) of the patients suffered from 1st degree AVB, and 12(2.8%) suffered from CHB. Changes in ST-T wave compatible with myocardial infarction or localized myocarditis appeared in 189(59.0%) patients. Findings compatible with myocardial injury such as fragmented QRS, and prolonged QTc were assessed with prevalence of 21.1% (91 patients), 6.5% (28 patients). In victims of COVID-19, conduction disease was not related to any underlying medical condition. Fragmented QRS, axis deviation, presence of S1Q3T3 and poor R wave progression were significantly related to conduction system disease in victims of COVID-19 (P value > 0.05, Table 3)
Conclusion
Our findings can serve in future studies that aim to develop a risk stratification method for susceptible COVID-19 patients. Myocardial injury appears to role significantly in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Consequently, we recommend health policymakers to consider separate catheterization laboratories that provide service only to COVID-19 patients.
Matching Document Pairs using Multi-Feature Semantic Fusion Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Chen Yibo , Zhang Zuping , Huang Xin , Xiang Xing , He Zhiqiang , Chen Yunsheng , Hu Qihui
Published: October 2021

Discriminating the homology and heterogeneity of two documents in information retrieval is very important and difficult step. Existing methods mainly focus on word-based document duplicate checking or sentence pairs matching except manual verification which need a lot of human resource cost. The word-based document duplicate checking can not judge the similarity of two documents from the semantic level and the matching sentence pair methods can not effectively mine the semantic information from a long text which is frequent retrieval results.
A concept-based Multi-Feature Semantic Fusion Model (MFSFM) is proposed. It employs multi-feature enhanced semantics to construct a concept map for represent the document, and employs a multi-convolution mixed residual CNN module to introduce local attention mechanism for improve the sensitivity of conceptual boundary information. To improve the feasibility of the proposed MFSFM based on concept maps, two multi-feature document data sets are set up. Each of them consists of about 500 actual scientific and technological project feasibility reports. Experimental results based on the actual datasets show that the proposed MFSFM converges quickly while expanding the latest methods of natural language matching at the accuracy rate.
Evaluation of Existing And Future Zero Waste Approach in Municipal Solid Waste Management Utilizing the Zero Waste Index: Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Furqan Radhitiya Al , Budhicahyanto Moehammad , Saraswati Dianisti , Nurfajri Nabila
Published: October 2021

The World Bank reported that around 1.3 billion tonnes of municipal waste were generated in 2011, and this amount is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025. Zero Waste Index (ZWI) is a breakthrough for measuring and evaluating waste management's performance based on the concept of zero waste, where recycling is the key to determining this value. This study was conducted in a province in a developing country, namely Bali Province, Indonesia. The calculation of ZWI and energy substitution from waste management is carried out on two schemes, an optimistic scheme (basic data and percentage of waste management targets referring to the regional policy and strategy documents) and a pessimistic scheme (basic data refers to material flow analysis of waste with no increase in the percentage of waste management) from 2020 to 2025. Energy substitution is calculated on two conditions of use, namely through incinerator technology (listed in Indonesia Presidential Regulation No. 35 of 2018) and without incinerators at the Sarbagita Regional Landfill. Analysis indicated that the pessimistic scheme provides a higher ZWI value of Bali Province in 2020 than the optimistic scheme, but there is no increase in the ZWI value until 2025 (the ZWI value ranges from 0.02 to 0.2) due to no increase in the percentage of solid waste management. Meanwhile, the optimistic scheme provides a lower ZWI value for Bali's Province in 2020 than the pessimistic scheme, but there is an increase in the ZWI value every year until 2025 (the ZWI value ranges from 0.004 to 0.22). In terms of energy substitution, an optimistic scheme provides energy substitution values ​​2-5 times greater than pessimistic schemes, with and without incinerators. However, in terms of the incinerator efficiency, the pessimistic scheme provides greater efficiency (2-6% efficiency when using an incinerator) than the optimistic scheme (1-2% efficiency when using an incinerator). The 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)-based waste management and high energy substitution potential in Bali Province can be an effective waste management solution if the stakeholders are committed to achieve the Jakstrada targets by 2025.
The Effect of The BOPPPS Model With PAL And Medical Humanities Methods On Chinese Medical Students In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Courses
Authors: Li Chen , Shou Song-tao , Chai Yan-fen
Published: October 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the BOPPPS model (bridge-in, learning objective, pretest, participatory learning, posttest, and summary) with PAL (Peer-assisted learning) and medical humanities methods on Chinese Medical Students in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Courses. Methods: Participants were the long-term medical students of Tianjin Medical University who accepted emergency medicine courses from 2015 to 2020. Forward-looking descriptive research and phased CPR curriculum teaching innovation, including the BOPPS with PAL (First Stage), the BOPPS with PAL and medical humanities methods (Second Stage), compared with the traditional teaching model (Basic Stage). Results: The usual and final results improved in First stage compared with Basic stage (↑30.2%, ↑7.5%), the proportion of those with more than 80 points increased in the usual exam, and the proportion of those with 70 points or more increased in the final exam. The usual and final results improved in Second stage compared with First stage (↑12.0%, ↑2.2%), the proportion of those with more than 90 points increased in the usual exam, and the proportion of those with 80 points or more increased in the final exam. Conclusions: The teaching innovation of the CPR curriculum, the application of BOPPPS teaching model, and the peer-assisted learning and medical humanities teaching methods can improve teaching quality of CPR courses in medical colleges.
Adaptive and pathological connectivity responses in Parkinson’s disease brain networks
Authors: Vo An , Schindlbeck Katharina , Nguyen Nha , Rommal Andrea , Spetsieris Phoebe , Tang Chris , Choi Yoon Young , Niethammer Martin , Dhawan Vijay , Eidelberg David
Published: October 2021

Functional imaging has been used extensively to identify and validate disease-specific networks as biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known, however, if connectivity patterns in these networks differ with disease progression compared to the beneficial adaptations that may also occur over time. To distinguish the two responses, we focused on assortativity, the tendency for network connections to link nodes with similar properties. High assortativity is associated with unstable, inefficient flow through the network. Low assortativity, by contrast, involves more diverse connections that are also more robust and efficient. We found that in Parkinson’s disease (PD), network assortativity increased with over time. Assoratitivty was high in clinically aggressive genetic variants, but low for genes associated with slow progression. Dopaminergic treatment increased assortativity despite improving motor symptoms, but subthalamic gene therapy, which remodels PD networks, reduced this measure compared to sham surgery. Assortativity may therefore be useful in evaluating disease-modifying therapies.
Unique Digoldgermanes: Structural Characteristics, Dynamic Behaviour and Distinctive Reactions
Authors: Wang Liliang , Zhen Guorong , Li Yinhuan , Kira Mitsuo , Yan Liping , Chang Xiao-Yong , Huang Lu , Li Zhifang
Published: October 2021

Digoldgermanes with a gold coordinated by a dialkylgermylene ligand, R’2Ge(AuPR3)(AuGeR’2) (3a; R = Me, 3b; R = Et), were synthesized as green solids through the reactions of stable dialkylgermylene 1 with R3PAuCl followed by the reduction with KC8 at ambient temperatures. The structural characteristics of 3a and 3b were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. An intense absorption maximum was observed at 590 nm in the UV-vis spectrum of 3a in hexane. A pendular motion of AuPR3 group between Ge(IV) and Ge(II) of 3a and 3b occurring in the NMR time scale was found by the dynamic 1H NMR analysis, suggesting that the Ge(II) ligand has an enhanced electrophilicity to be attacked by the nucleophilic gold atom which closes to ‒1 oxidation state. DFT calculations of 3a revealed the existence of high-lying σ(Ge-Au) type HOMO and low-lying LUMO with germylene pπ nature. We show the bond formation and activation alternatively at Au or Ge atom, a methylation of digoldgermane 3a with MeOTf affords methylgermane 5. Moreover, the digoldgermane 3a reacts with Cl− ion of Ph4PCl and CH3C(O)Cl smoothly to form the corresponding chloride-addition product 7 and chlorogoldgermane 9, respectively. Cyclic trimerization reactions of aromatic isocyanates were high-efficiently catalyzed by 3a giving the corresponding 1,3,5-triaryl isocyanurates.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Patient Readiness to Engage in Health Information Technology
Authors: Safdari Reza , Yu Ping , khenarinezhad Sahar , Savadkoohi Ehsan Ghazanfari , Javanmard Zohreh , Yousefi Ala , Barzegari Saeed
Published: October 2021

Background:The patient readiness to engage in health information technology (PRE-HIT) is a conceptually and psychometrically validated questionnaire survey tool to measure willingness of patients with chronic conditions to use health information technology (HIT) resources.Objectives:This study was aimed to translate and validate a health information technology readiness instrument, the PRE-HIT instrument, in the Persian language.Methods:A rigorous process was followed to translate the PRE-HIT instrument Persian language. The face and content validity was validated by impact score, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). The instrument was used to measure readiness of 289 patients with chronic diseases to engage with digital health with four point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) used to check the validity of structure. The convergent and discriminant validity, and internal reliability was expressed by average variance extracted (AVE), construct reliability (CR), maximum shared squared variance (MSV), average shared square variance (ASV), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used respectively to compare the impact of sex, education and computer literacy on the performance of all PRE-HIT factors.Results:Eight factors were extracted: health information needs, computer anxiety, computer/internet experience and expertise, preferred mode of interaction, no news is good news, relationship with doctor, cell phone expertise, and internet privacy concerns. They explained 69% of the total variance. An acceptable model fit and internal reliability of the instrument was achieved. The survey found that the Iranian patients had high level of cell phone expertise, computer/internet experience, good relationship with doctor, and high level of health information need. They had moderate level of concern about internet privacy and computer anxiety. Compared with men, women had higher level of health information need and more agreed with “no news is good news”, conversely men had higher level of cell phone expertise.Conclusion:The Persian version of the PRE-HIT was empirically proved for its validity to assess the level of readiness of patients to engage with digital health.
Storm surge risk mitigation under ambiguity by coupled tropical cyclone and decision model
Authors: Fujimi Toshio , Si Ha , Jiang Xinyu , Mori Nobuhito , Begum Rawshan , Watanabe Masahide , Tatano Hirokazu , Nakakita Eiichi
Published: October 2021

Even as storm surge risks are increasing, the projections of such risks have an element of ambiguity. Consequently, policymakers find it extremely difficult to design policies to deal with storm surge risks. Therefore, in this study, we have linked the tropical cyclone models and stated preference experiments with decision models to provide a fresh perspective on households’ preferences for storm surge risk mitigation under ambiguity. We have validated households’ choices under the average and worst projections of storm surges and estimated the expected loss reduction, risk premium, and ambiguity premium for storm surge risk mitigation. Our study reveals that households pay disproportionately more attention to the worst case and that the ambiguity premium is not negligible. This leads to an important conclusion that policymakers should factor in the ambiguity premium to formulate risk mitigation policies.
The Bcl-2 silencing with an Antisense Oligonucleotide: Increase early Apoptosis
Authors: Janaghard Mohsen Sedaghat , Erfani-Moghadam Vahid , Moghadam Ali Akbar Saffar
Published: October 2021

Background

Breast cancer is a heterogenic disease and hormone dependence. Estrogen receptor is positive in more than seventy percent of breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and used as the first line of treatment. Drug resistance is a main reason in failure of cancer treatment and progression of the disease. Combination drug therapy is a method to treatment but is not sufficient. New approaches like molecular therapy reveal new insight to cancer therapy. Studies shown, Bcl-2 gene family inhibitors and ER blockers enhance recovery. Interfering molecules such as antisense can inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 and push the cancer cells to apoptosis. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is low, mostly due to their direct use.
Methods

Our team designed an Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO). The MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231breast cancer cell lines used to evaluate cellular proliferation. Liposome and cationic nano-complex (Niosome) used to increase cellular delivery of ASO and Tamoxifen. We also investigated the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of Tamoxifen, naked ASO and Nano-packed ASO.
Results

The ASO functional potency to assess apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA compared in different groups. The results indicated, significant down regulation of Bcl-2 gene and inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cellular proliferation. Flow-cytometry showed early apoptosis in all groups.
Conclusions

The ASO reduced the expression of Bcl-2 gene. It also had the synergistic effect with the Tamoxifen. In all studied groups, it was able to push cancer cells to apoptosis. The cationic nano-complex (Niosome) was more efficient than the liposome in delivering designed oligo antisense Bcl-2 into the cancer cells.
Construction of English Classroom Situational Teaching Mode Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Gu Shan , Da Zhenjing
Published: October 2021

In order to improve the effect of English classroom teaching, this paper combines the digital twin technology to construct the English classroom situational teaching mode. The system uses advanced virtual reality technology and computer image technology, and combines with video and audio synchronization processing technology to provide a new set of methods for students' language learning. The graphics rendering server of the scene interactive teaching system renders and generates 3D virtual scenes or real images in real time. Moreover, this paper constructs the functional modules of the situational teaching system according to the English classroom teaching situation, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the system implementation methods, expresses the system core algorithm flow in the form of diagrams and tables, and obtains the overall system framework. Finally, this paper evaluates the effect of the English classroom situational teaching model proposed in this paper through experimental research. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the teaching model proposed in this paper is very effective.
The Effect of the Change in Lymph Flow Following Gastrectomy for Initial Disease on the Prognosis of Remnant Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kakiuchi Yoshihiko , Kikuchi Satoru , Kuroda Shinji , Nishizaki Masahiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: October 2021

Background: Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) has been increasing for various reasons such as longer life span, medical progress, and others. It generally has a poor prognosis, and its mechanism of occurrence is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of and clarify the prognostic factors of RGC.Methods: Between January 2002 and January 2017, 39 patients with RGC following distal gastrectomy underwent curative surgical resection at the Okayama University Hospital; their medical records and immunohistochemically stained extracted specimens were used for retrospective analysis. Results: On univariate analysis, initial gastric disease, pathological lymph node metastasis, and pathological stage were the significant factors associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (p=0.0139, 0.0061, and 0.0158, respectively). Multivariate analysis of these 3 factors showed that only initial gastric disease caused by malignant disease was an independent factor associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.0141, odds ratio [OR]:4.151, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.333-12.93). In addition, the presence of a left gastric artery (LGA), and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell expression were higher in the benign disease group than in the malignant group (p<0.0001 and p=0.0485, respectively).Conclusion: The lymph flow change caused by lymph node dissection for malignant disease in initial surgery might have an effect on the suppression of tumor immunity and the poor prognosis of RGC.
Systematic evidence and gap map of research linking food security and nutrition to mental health
Authors: Sparling Thalia , Deeney Megan , Cheng Bryan , Han Xuerui , Lier Chiara , Lin Zhouzhi , Offner Claudia , Santoso Marianne , Pfeiffer Erin , Emerson Jillian , Amadi Florence , Mitu Khadija , Corvalan Camila , Verdeli Helen , Araya Ricardo , Kadiyala Suneetha
Published: October 2021

Connections between food security and nutrition (FSN) and mental health have been analytically investigated, but conclusions are difficult to draw given the breadth of literature. Furthermore, there is little guidance for continued research. We searched three databases for analytical studies linking FSN to mental health. Out of 30,896 records, we characterized and mapped 1945 studies onto an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM). Anthropometry (especially BMI) and diets were most linked to mental health (predominantly depression). There were fewer studies on infant and young child feeding, birth outcomes and nutrient biomarkers related to anxiety, stress and mental wellbeing. Two-thirds of studies hypothesized FSN measures as the ‘exposure’ influencing mental health outcomes. Studies were overwhelmingly observational, followed by systematic reviews. One-third of studies were from low- and middle-income countries. This map visualizes the extent and nature of analytical studies relating FSN to mental health, guides further research, and solidifies strategic planning.
Micronucleus Production, Activation of DNA Damage Response and cGAS-STING Signaling in Syncytia Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ren He , Ma Chaobing , Peng Haoran , Zhang Bo , Zhou Lulin , Su Yan , Gao Xiaoyan , Huang Hongyan
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infection could cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, largely attributed to dysregulated immune activation and extensive lung tissue damage. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we reported that viral infection could induce syncytia formation within cells expressing ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, leading to the production of micronuclei with an average rate of about 4 per syncytium (> 93%). Remarkably, these micronuclei were manifested with a high level of activation of both DNA damage response and cGAS -STING signaling, as indicated by micronucleus translocation of gH2Ax and cGAS, and upregulation of their respective downstream target genes. Since activation of these signaling pathways were known to be associated with cellular catastrophe and aberrant immune activation, these findings help explain the pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection at cellular and molecular levels, and provide novel potential targets for COVID-19 therapy.
Multifunctional Gratings for Multiband Spatial Filtering, Retroreflection, Splitting and Demultiplexing Based on C2 Symmetric Photonic Crystals
Authors: Serebryannikov Andriy E. , Skigin Diana C. , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: October 2021

The concept of multifunctional reflection-mode gratings based on rod-type photonic crystals with C2 symmetry is introduced and examined. The specific modal properties lead to the vanishing dependence of the first-negative-order maximum on the angle of incidence within a wide range, and the nearly sinusoidal redistribution of the incident-wave energy between zero order (specular reflection) and first negative diffraction order (deflection) at frequency variation that are the key features enabling various functionalities in one structure and functionality merging. The elementary functionalities offered by the studied structures, of which multifunctional scenarios can be designed, include but are not restricted to multiband spatial filtering, multiband splitting, and demultiplexing. The proposed structures are shown to be capable in multifunctional operation in case of an obliquely incident polychromatic wave. The generalized demultiplexing is demonstrated for the case when several polychromatic wavesare incident at different angles. The same deflection properties yield multiband splitting, and merging demultiplexing and splitting functionalties in one functionality, which may contribute to various multifunctional scenarios. The proposed gratings arealso studied in transmissive configuration.
Mobile Remote Photoplethysmography: A Real-Time Realization Perspective
Authors: Lee Hooseok , Ko Hoon , Chung Heewon , Nam Yunyoung , Hong Sangjin , Lee Jinseok
Published: October 2021

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) sensors have attracted a significant amount of attention as they enable the remote monitoring of instantaneous heart rates (HRs) and thus do not require any additional devices to be worn on fingers or wrists. In this study, we mounted rPPG sensors on a robot for active and autonomous instantaneous HR (R-AAIH) estimation. Subsequently, we proposed the algorithm providing accurate instantaneous HRs, which can be performed in real time with vision and robot manipulation algorithms. By simplifying the extraction of facial skin images using saturation (S) values in the HSV color space, and selecting pixels based on the most frequent S value on the face image, we achieved reliable HR assessment. The results of the proposed algorithm using the R-AAIH were evaluated by rigorous comparison with the results of existing algorithms on the UBFC-RPPG dataset (n = 42). Our algorithm exhibited an average absolute error (AAE) of 0.71 beats per minute (bpm). The developed algorithm is simple and the processing time is less than 1 s (275 ms for an 8-s window). The algorithm was further validated on our own dataset (BAMI-RPPG dataset [n = 14]) with an AAE of 0.82 bpm.