bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in the function of thyroid gland in the dynamics of the growth of transplantable B16/F10 melanoma in mice
Authors: Kit O. I , Frantsiyants E. M , Bandovkina Valeriya A. , Cheryarina N. D
Published: September 2020

Skin melanoma is the one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an unpredictable course. Rapid proliferation and high metastatic potential can be caused by a high neuroendocrine activity. The thyroid gland discharges a wide range of functions in the body, by regulating metabolism, participating in adaptation and anti-tumor protection and influencing proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of cells. The study of thyroid activity and local saturation of the skin, tumor and surrounding tissues with thyroid hormones in the dynamics of the growth of experimental В16/F10 melanoma in mice of both genders revealed gender differences in thyroid homeostasis. Females showed the syndrome of low thyroid hormone levels - so-called «low T3/low T4» - diagnosed by the level of fractions of free hormone with the deterioration in correlationships between the level of peripheral hormones and TSH. Over the growth of melanoma in males there was developed severe hypothyroidism, not controlled by the higher regulating structures, accompanied by the synthesis and/or capture of thyroxine into the tumor. Saturation of the tumor tissue with thyroxine correlated with the gender and survival of animals. The revealed differences in thyroid status should be taken into account during the treatment patients with melanoma.
Experience of the use of mitotan in the combined treatment of adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Dedov I. I , Melnichenko G. A , Beltsevich Dmitry G. , Alexeev B. Ya , Gorbunova V. A , Perevodchikova N. I , Rayhman A. O , Gildeeva G. N
Published: September 2020

In this article we both summarized the knowledge about epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) and discussed treatment issues and main management mistakes. Despite the poor prognosis of the disease, options for the advanced treatment of ACC patients with differentiated approach can significantly improve the overall and disease-free survival rate. In this connection the question arises about the multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of ACC patients with the inclusion of maximum and timely set measures: surgical, drug (mitotan therapy, chemotherapy, replacement and supportive therapy) and radiation therapy.
Indices of endothelial function in patients with cancer of the digestive tract
Authors: Olzhayev Sayakhat T. , Lazarev A. F , Shoykhet Ya. N
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was the determination of the degree of the pronouncement of the endothelial dysfunction in patients with stomach, pancreatic and liver cancer. Results of clinical-laboratory and instrumental observation of 295 patients with stomach, pancreatic and liver cancer were analysed. The study included 122 patients with stomach cancer, including 87 (71.3%) men and 35 (28.7%) women, aged of 62.2 ± 2.3 years. Pancreatic cancer (95 cases) was found in 52 (54.7%) men and 43 (45.3%) women, aged of 61.7 ± 2.1 years. Patients with liver cancer were presented by 57 (73.1%) men and 21 (26.9%) women, aged of 62.2 ± 3.0 years. The following methods were used: determination of the content of the desquamed endotheliocytes in blood according to Hladovec J. et al.; the maintenance of a von Willebrandfactor (VWF) in serum; Doppler echocardiography test with a reactive hyperemic response of the brachial artery. There was noted the significant increase both of the maintenance of the circulating endotheliocytes and VWF and the decrease in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in all groups of patients with malignancy. The most considerable changes were revealed in the group ofpatients with a liver cancer. Malfunction of endothelium was associated with the pathological activation of vascular-platelet link of hemostasis system.
Hospital registry of neuroendocrine tumors in N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Authors: Komarova Lyudmila E. , Arion A. I , Tabolinovskaya T. D , Pirogova N. A , Orel N. F , Solovyeva O. N , Machaladze Z. O
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a retrospective evaluation of patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) from 1990 up to the present time. The cancer registry makes possible to both carry out the multilateral analyses of the end results of the treatment and realize the following up of those patients. Data regarding 756patients were analyzed. Within the study period the incidence rate of NETs patients gradually increased: 1980-1999 year - 86 patients, 2013 - 91, 2014 - 99 cases. The considerable part of the patients - 62.7% was presented by the residence from Moscow and Moscow region.
Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents: current state of the problem
Authors: Vatutin M. T , Sklyannaya E. V , El-Khatib Mariam A. , Starchenko S. V , Makarova M. V
Published: September 2020

This review is devoted to the actual for the present day problem of the hepatotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Liver is the most important organ essential for the maintaining of the body’s internal environment. For the present time there is observed the high level of the morbidity and mortality rate against the background of drug-induced liver lesions due to, in the first instance, the lack ofproper manner for the substitution of the liver function but transplantation. Liver deteriorations due to the administration of antitumor agents have no pathognomonic clinical or histological features that significantly embarrasses the execution of the differential diagnosis with liver disorders against the background of administration of other preparations, either associated with opportunistic infections or the progression of previously acquired pathology of the liver. In the article there is described the toxic influence on the liver of most often used in oncology chemotherapeutic agents - antimetabolites, alkylating agents, platinum compounds, epothilones, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, monoclonal antibodies, anthracycline antibiotics, topoisomerase and protein kinase inhibitors is described in this article. In the review there are summarized results of recent studies of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chemotherapy induced hepatotoxicity. The special attention is given to recent discoveries in the area of pathogenesis of chemotherapy induced hepatotoxicity. However many moments remain to be still not studied completely, that offers perspectives for further research in this field.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE CORRECTION OF ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION DURING CHEMOTHERAPY IN GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Nerodo G. A , Goroshinskaja I. A , Neskubina I. V , Nemashkalova L. A , Shalashnaja E. V , Ushakova N. D , Nikitina V. F.P , Men’shenina A. P
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The application of efferent therapy (extracorporeal therapy) now becomes relevant due to the individual intolerance to various drugs, side effects of a great many of drugs, which is especially important when treating onco-gynecological pathology, often accompanied by the development of endogenous intoxication. The purpose of the study is the evaluation of the state of the system of endotoxemia in gynecological cancer patients under treatment by certain types of chemotherapy with the use of extracorporeal approaches. Material and Methods. In the blood of 86 ovarian cancer patients under a neoadjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy conducted on protein concentrate of ascitic fluid and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with prior plasma exchange, as well as in 16 patients with cervical cancer at chemoimmunotherapy on autologous blood there were investigated indices of endogenous intoxication, reflecting the level of endotoxins and functional state of albumin. Results. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy on ascites protein concentrate obtained with the use of filtration detoxification was established to have a considerably lower toxicity as compared with the standard procedure of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Chemotherapy conducted on autologous media with the inclusion of ronkoleukine and reaferon eliminates the toxic effects of cytostatic agents by the restoration of the functional activity of the albumin molecule. Application of plasmapheresis before neoadjuvant polychemotherapy declines the exertion in the endotoxemia system in gynecological cancer patients. Conclusion. The use of extracorporeal methods of the therapy and body fluids as a medium for cytostatics allows to decline the level of endogenous intoxication in patients with gynecological cancer.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ANTICANCER MEASURES IN TERRITORIES WITH LOW POPULATION DENSITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOMSK REGION
Authors: Pikalova L. V , Ananina O. A , Lazarev A. F , Odintsova I. N , Zhuikova L. D , Kudyakov L. A
Published: September 2020

The poor performance of rural health in remote from the center territories of the Tomsk region, determined the need for the optimization of cancer control measures. In 2013-2015 in the oncology service of the Tomsk region there were occurred structural and qualitative changes: there was formed a three-level system of the provision of specialized health care. For workers of the first level of health care system - feldsher obstetric units (FOUs) there were approved methodical approaches to the organization and implementation of screening for external location cancer, the formation of cancer risk groups for further examination; routing and observation of cases with risk factors, precancerous and background processes; documenting of the execution of the examination for cancer; routing and tactics for the observation of cancer patients. There are introduced motivational measures for the improvement of the quality of the work of medical staff. There are actively practiced mobile forms of the activity, with taking into account seasonality, the state of the transport accessibility (the use of mobile mammographs based on KAMAZ chassis, the regional project «The floating clinic», curation of districts by oncologists). There was introduced the mechanism of «individual road map», including telemedical technologies for distance observation of patient documents (the number of unnecessary visits of rural residents decreased by 30%). There were founded primary oncological units (POU), their base is enhanced by the diagnostic equipment, which reduced the number of underexamined patients by 47.5%. There was created the network of primary cytological laboratories completed with microscopes with digital processing and transmission of images over the Internet, there were performed more than 20,000 telemedical consultations, resulting in 70 diagnosed cases of cervical cancer for 2 years. The execution of POU-based courses of drug antitumor therapy increased the number of patients received the treatment at site of residing by 2.2 times. There was organized beneficiary drug coverage, including drugs for the treatment of chronic pain. Thanks to the work of POUs in the new status there were increased both the coverage of the population by cancer preventive examinations and indices of detection rates of precancerous diseases and chronic external localization diseases as in men as well in women.
THE PLACE OF SURGERY IN MODERN TREATMENT OF SKIN MELANOMA
Authors: Melnikov P. V
Published: September 2020

Recent breakthroughs in the treatment of melanoma are associated with the systemic therapy by drugs of new classes, however, the place of surgery remains to be the main in the management of both localized and widespread melanoma. In this literature review, there are systematized the modern concepts of local excision of the primary tumor, the value of biopsy of sentinel lymph node and possibilities of surgical treatment of distant metastases of melanoma.
EFFICACY OF AN TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (TACE) WITH MICROSPHERES FROM POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) LOADED OF DOXORUBICIN AGAINST ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA VX2 IN RABBITS
Authors: Yakunina M. N , Fadeev A. Yu , Kalishjan M. S , Raihlin N. T , Smirnova E. A , Treshalina H. M , Dolgushin B. I
Published: September 2020

The research is devoted to the study of the efficacy of new Russian microspheres loaded by (MC/DOX) of 0.4-0.6 mm diameter on a basis of cryogel with poly(vinyl alcohol) intended for a transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). MC/DOX in dose of of 0.5-1.0 ml contained Doxorubicin of 16 mg or 32 mg were transarterially injected in a single dose to rabbits (n = 24) with the VX2 anaplastic carcinoma of the moderate volume of 3-5 cm2 which developed in femur muscles (the pool of a femoral artery). The time of complete released of DOX was 16 days up to dose (a cumulative dose) 16 and 32 mg, respectively. The efficacy was controlled with the decrease of the tumor growth rate and significant inhibition through embolization of turnpike blood of a tumor zone under radiological monitoring. MC/DOX were shown both to give rise in the regression of tumor nodes and reduce the growth rate by 2.0-2.5 times in dependence on the dose value. The reliable therapeutic prize of MC/DOX against embolization effect of 0.5 ml MC that achieved at the maximal DOX cumulative dose of 32 mg consists in the achievement of regression of VX2 up to 50% at 5 of 6 rabbits with the development of the cure pathomorphological effect of III degree which is characterized by the gain in the area of a necrosis by 1.5-3.0 times. The maximal efficient cumulative dose of 32 mg Doxorubicin exceeds value of Maximum Planned Dose (MPD) of Doxorubicin by 6 times for systemic injection to rabbits. The embolizing effect of MC/DOX in the form of blocking of shallow arterioles at preservation of turnpike blood supply did not depend on the size of the applied dose. The reliable antineoplastic effect revealed on this model allows good out perspective for a transarterial chemoembolization of a tumor with MC/DOX.
RAMUCIRUMAB THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED GASTRIC AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gorbounova V. A , Besova N. S , Bychkov M. B , Orlov S. V , Kogoniya L. M , Vozny E. K , Vladimirova L. U , Sakaeva D. D , Sholokhova Evgeniya A. , Minasyan A. A , Gurochkin A. B , Cheng R. , Orlando M.
Published: September 2020

Objective. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of the cancer mortality worldwide. It is most often diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage. Angiogenesis has become an important target in the treatment of solid tumors, and antiangiogenic agents are a promising approach to cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the treatment of gastric and gastroesophageal cancer with ramucirumab, an antiangiogenic agent specifically targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Material and methods. We conducted a systematic search in May 2016 of PubMed and relevant congress proceedings including the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the European Cancer Congress. Included studies were aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer. Results. Our search yielded 91 publications including 5 manuscripts and 6 congress abstracts meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. Included studies reported outcomes were related to ramucirumab in gastric cancer, published within the past 5 years. Conclusion. Second-line treatment with ramucirumab, either as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel, significantly improves the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ramucirumab is well tolerated and has an acceptable safety profile. Furthermore, the patient quality of life is maintained with delayed both symptom worsening and deterioration of the functional status. Studies are required to identify potential predictive biomarkers of ramucirumab efficacy.
TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THERAPY IN CANCER PATIENTS. PART 1. FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL FORMULATIONS TILL META-ANALYSES OF CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Sidorov Aleksander V.
Published: September 2020

There was given a review of data on pharmacology of fentanyl with focus on transdermal formulation. In the first part of the article improvements in technology of fentanyl transdermal patches were reviewed and advantages of the membrane-matrix system that are of practical use were highlighted. The results obtained from bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence studies of traditional and improved transdermal fentanyl systems were given. Clinical trials with fentanyl transdermal patches as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl were summarized. The second part of the article will focus on factors contributing to the variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fentanyl including pharmacogenetics; the taking into account the whole spectrum of these factors would allow to escaped the majority of errors during the administration of the drug e.g. transdermally. A special attention will be paid to basic principles and issues of the application of fentanyl transdermal therapeutic systems.
EXPRESSION OF MARKERS OF APOPTOSIS (P53, BCL-2, BAX) AND PROLIFERATION (KI-67, TOPOISOMERASE IIA, ARGYROPHILIC PROTEINS OF NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS) IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Panasyan Artak U. , Kobyakov D. S , Avdalyan A. M , Ivanov A. A , Lushnikova E. L , Bakarev M. A , Lazarev A. F
Published: September 2020

Study of markers of apoptosis and proliferation in relation to clinical and morphological parameters in non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) patients and healthy persons. There were investigated 237 surgery samples of NSCLC and 10 cases of normal lung tissues. p53, bcl-2, bax, Ki-67, topoisomerase IIα (ТороIIα) levels were determined by immunohistochemical method. Argyrophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were detected with silver nitrate. In NSCLC expression of p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, TopoIIα, AgNOR increased and expression of bax was lower if compared with the normal tissue. Expression of apoptotic markers (p53, bcl-2, bax) correlated with clinical and morphological parameters of NSCLC: histogenesis, N index and the stage (for bcl-2), gender (for bax). Expression of Ki-67 and TopoIIα correlated with gender, largest size of the tumor, histogenesis and differentiation. AgNOR proteins were interrelated with the gender, T and N indices, largest tumor dimension, stage, histogenesis and differentiation. In NSCLC cases the expression of apoptotic markers correlated with proliferation: in p53 positive tumors - high level of proliferation (Ki-67, TopoIIα, AgNOR), in bcl-2 positive tumors - low AgNOR, in bax positive tumors - low proliferative activity (Ki-67, TopoIIα). In NSCLC there is observed the change in expression of apoptotic markers (p53, bcl-2, bax) and proliferation (Ki-67, TopoIIα, AgNOR) in conjunction with normal tissue and clinical and morphological parameters of tumor.
THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL APPLICATION OF OZONE THERAPY FOLLOWING CRYOTHERAPY OF LESIONS OF VERRUCOUS LEUKOPLAKIA OF THE ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE
Authors: Tokmakova Svetlana I. , Bondarenko O. V , Shilova J. N
Published: September 2020

There are presented results of the study morphological and clinical changes of the oral mucosal membrane. In the experiment on laboratory animals the use of ozone therapy following the destruction of the mucous membrane of the mouth was proved to appear earlier with the more complete epithelization of the defect, compared to the treatment implemented according to the traditional scheme. There was performed a clinical examination of 32 patients with verrucous leukoplakia of the oral mucosal membrane, the treatment of which was carried out according to the traditional scheme (cryotherapy and topical anti-inflammatory treatment - group comparison) and with the use of the ozonized solution of olive oil with a known peroxide during the postoperative period (control group). To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method of the management of the postoperative wound there was used a point scoring system of clinical signs at stages of the postoperative period. There was revealed a more earlier onset of the complete epithelization in cases of the application of the local ozone therapy in comparison with traditional local treatment.
MOLECULAR TYPES IN THE PROGNOSIS OF PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS OF BRAF V600E, INDEX AND KI-67 EXPRESSION
Authors: Ivanov Anatoly A. , Avdalyan A. M , Gerval'd V. J , Lushnikova E. L , Zorkina Yu. N , Kruglova N. M , Lazarev A. F
Published: September 2020

The aim of our research was to determine the possibilities to stratify patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on the group’s forecast, depending on the status of the mutation BRAF v600e and Ki-67 expression. The study included 89 PTC patients with the known prognosis for the period of 2005-2015. They were treated in the Altai regional oncology center and underwent surgery for PTC over the period of 2005-2013. Mutation p. Val600Glu (V600E) BRAF gene was determined with the use of allele-specific real-time PCR kit «Real-time-PCR-BRAF-V600E («BioLink»)». Immunohistochemical examination was performed with antibodies Ki-67 (clone MIB1, «DAKO») on stainer «Ventana XT» according to standard protocols. We revealed BRAF V600E not to be an independent predictor. Different variants of PTC, depending on the level of expression of Ki-67 in combination with a mutation of BRAF V600E was allowed to identify 3 groups of molecular types of PTC: a lack of mutation and a low Ki-67 (type I), with mutation and a low Ki-67 (type II) and with the presence and/or absence of a mutation and high level Ki-67 (type III). I molecular type PTC is the most favorable from the point of view of survival: 100% of patients live 10 years. Molecular type II is characterized by an intermediate prognosis: 76% of patients lived out up to 10 years. Molecular type III is characterized by the poor prognosis: only 36.8 percent of cases lived up to 10 years. In multivariate analysis of survival in PTC patients the independent prognostic factor happened to be the molecular type of tumor. In this case χ2 = 35 at p ≤ 0.000005.
INTERRELATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF PROTEINS ALK, HER2 AND AMPLIFICATION OF THE GENE OF HER2 WITH THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE I-II LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Panas’yan Artak U. , Kobyakov D. S , Avdalyan A. M , Ivanov A. A , Lushnikova E. L , Bakarev M. A , Lazarev A. F
Published: September 2020

To investigate protein content of ALK, Her2 and gene of Her2, CEP17 in interrelation with proliferative activity and survival in I-II stages lung adenocarcinoma cases. There were investigated 82 surgery samples taken from I-II stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. With the use of immunohistochemical method ALK protein (clone D5F3, Ventana), Her2 protein (clone 4B5, Ventana), topoizomerase IIα (clone JS5B4, Ventana), Ki-67 (clone MIB-1, Dako) were determined, Her2 gene was investigated with the use of the SISH method (Ventana) also. The positive expression of ALK is detected in 4(5%) cases, Her2 - in 16(20%) cases and amplification of Her2 gene - in 7(9%) cases. In lung adenocarcinoma with positive expression of ALK protein and amplification of Her2 gene low proliferative activity was noted (on labeling index Ki-67 and topoizomerase IIα). The survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients was less in cases of a positive expression of ALK protein in comparison with patients with the negative expression (difference is not reliable). Statistically significant low survival rates of patients is found in cases with amplification of Her2 gene. According to data mono- and multifactor regression analysis the amplification of Her2 gene has been interrelated with the poor forecast. Mutation of ALK gene and amplification of Her2 gene are interrelated with the proliferative activity and survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT «POLYCLINIC WITHOUT QUEUES» IN THE TOMSK REGIONAL ONCOLOGY CENTER
Authors: Kudyakov L. A , Pikalova Lidia V. , Ryabova L. M , Shtogrina Yu. I , Ananina O. A , Lazarev A. F , Zhuikova L. D
Published: September 2020

The problem of queues in polyclinics and hospitals is a deterrent to ensuring access to oncological care. In order to optimize anti-cancer control there were shortened timelines both for the diagnosis and the beginning of the specific treatment. Since 2012, in the Tomsk Regional Oncology Center a new concept of the polyclinic organization on the profile of «oncology» was formed. The key aspects of this concept were: 1) standardization of the medical staff work; 2) the rules for the routing of patients with the execution of the first medical appointment booking for visiting doctor through the registry, for the second visit - by an oncologist and with the differentiation of the streams of patients for medical care in the framework of MHI and medical services on a fee basis; 3) intensification of the provision with outpatient specialized care with the staff reinforcement: the regime of the polyclinic is organized in two shifts and 6 days a week, the number of doctors and nurses is increased by 60.8%, the number of medical registrars - by 7 times. To coordinate their work, the position of the senior medical registrator was introduced; 4) modernization of all workplaces of doctors, nurses, medical registrars with the provision of modern medical equipment, communications and information support; 5) logistics of the registry: the division of its zone into a «front office» - were the office-medical registrator communicates with patients only as «face-to-face» and «call center» - with a dialogue by phone. 6) quality control of the clinic work with evaluation of video and audio recordings of interaction between registrars and patients, visitors questioning. 7) the reform of the oncological consultation on an ongoing basis regulations; 8) increasing the comfort of waiting for patients with the organization of comfortable seats, coolers with glasses, air conditioners, corporate identity and logo. The result of the implemented activities was a reduction in the start of specialized treatment by 68.3%, increased coverage of antitumor therapy by 16.4%, including among rural residents. This contributed to the improvement of the situation in a number of indices: the increase in the share of early forms of malignant neoplasms, active detectability by 21.6% and 164.7%, respectively, a decrease in one-year mortality rate, neglect by 25.2% and 8.6%, respectively. Population satisfaction with the provision of cancer care increased.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF CYTOREDUCTIVE OPERATIONS IN OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Zagashtokov Aslan Z. , Nikogosyan S. O , Levchenco N. E
Published: September 2020

The article reviews literature data on attempts to create various prognostic models with the goal of optimizing indications for surgical treatment and achieving optimal cytoreductive operations in patients with a common form of ovarian cancer. The data of various authors on the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray methods of investigation, laparoscopy, tumor markers, etc. are given in the diagnosis of the spreading of ovarian cancer and their prognostic value for planning optimal cytoreductive operations. There have been demonstrated created by different authors prognostic models which use a complex approach to the surgical treatment of ovarian cancer, which in addition to diagnosing the spreading of the tumor process consider the functional state of the patient, concomitant diseases, age, hematological biochemical changes in the blood, etc.
EXPERIENCE OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ONCOGENIC EPILEPSIA
Authors: Dmitrenko Diana V. , Shnayder N. A , Dykhno Yu. A , Dmitrenko A. I , Strotskaya I. G
Published: September 2020

Epileptic seizures are a common symptom in brain tumor patients. The aim of the study: to investigate the features of oncogenic epilepsy in women of the fertile age. Material and methods. The study included 352 women aged of from 15 to 49 years, suffering from epilepsy. The examination consisted of an EEG and a high-field MRI investigation of the brain (1.5 Tc) with a scan interval of 1-2 mm. Results and discussion. Epilepsy against the background of volumetric brain formations was found in 15/139 (10.8%) patients with symptomatic focal epilepsy. The age of a debut of oncogenic epilepsy ranged from 2 to 38 years, the median was 14 years. Astrocytomas, found in 40% of cases, prevailed in the etiology of volumetric formations. A considerable time interval between the epileptic seizure debut and the high-field MRI examination was noted to result in the diagnosis of volumetric brain formation: median was 10.5 [2; 15] years. In the clinical picture of epilepsy there were dominated simple and complex focal seizures. Secondary-generalized tonic-clonic seizures were stopped in 60% of cases. The pharmacoinduced remission of oncogenic epilepsy was achieved in 3/15 (20%) cases. Conclusion. The low alertness of primary care physicians in terms of diagnosis of neuroncology in women of childbearing age was noted. The therapy of symptomatic oncogenic epilepsy was characterized by certain difficulties, caused by the growth of volume formation and/or gross cicatricial postoperative changes in the brain substance.
DYNAMICS OF INCIDENCE RATE AND CAUSES OF THE LATE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER IN THE ARKHANGELSK REGION IN 2006-2015
Authors: Rubtsova Yuliya V. , Mordovsky E. A , Potehina E. F , Gladilina S. V
Published: September 2020

Gastric cancer (C16) remains one of the most prognostic unfavorable form of malignant neoplasms in Russia, primarily due to its late diagnostics. Aim of this study is to assess the dynamics of the incidence rate of gastric cancer in the Arkhangelsk region in 2006-2015 and to reveal the reasons for its late diagnosis (clinical stage IV). Material end methods. We used the data of population-based cancer registry of the Arkhangelsk region. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the odds ratios of the late diagnosis of gastric cancer (clinical stage IV) from an array of predictors (gender, place of residence, and the patient’s age at diagnosis). Results. The incidence rate of gastric cancer in the Arkhangelsk region in 2006-2015 was higher than in Russia as a whole (36.0-45.3 cases per 100,000 and 25.9-29.4 cases per 100,000 respectively). Every second (43.9%) new case of this neoplasm was revealed at the clinical stage IV. The proportion of these patients was stable in 2006-2015 (from 40.5% to 48.6%). Errors of primary care doctors in Arkhangelsk region were the main reason of the late diagnosis of gastric cancer (61.9%-73.8%). Every third new case of this neoplasm (26.2%-38.1%) was diagnosed at the clinical stage IV due to the low quality of patients’ self-preservation behavior. Patient’s age was associated with the late diagnosis of gastric cancer: every additional year reduced the odds ratio of the outcome for 2-3%. Conclusion. Obtained results determine the elimination of errors in the diagnostic work of primary care doctors (especially strengthening the readiness to diagnose the neoplasms) as an essential condition for the reduction of gastric cancer mortality in the Arkhangelsk region.
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSICAL ANTIEDEMATOUS THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF UPPER LIMB LYMPHOSTASIS
Authors: Kurbatov G. K , Lazarev Alexander F. , Bochkarev A. P
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to decrease or to eliminate upper limb lymphostasis with the use of comprehensive physical antiedematous therapy (CPhAT) in patients after the radical treatment of breast cancer. Material and methods. The work was based on data about 30 patients. There are presented the CPhAT technique, the results of the treatment and ways to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. To evaluate the results of the treatment, we used the technique developed by ourselves, consisting in immersing first the healthy upper limb, then the affected upper limb in a vessel with a disinfectant. The degree of edema (lymphostasis) and the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment were determined according to the difference of the displaced fluid (patent for invention No. 2169358). The method is ultra-precise in comparison with a centimeter tape. Results. The developed comprehensive treatment of the upper limb lymphostasis allows achieving the complete regression of stage I-II edema, and volume decrease of III-IV stage edema in 83% patients. Using the developed complex treatment of edema of the upper limb prevents its recurrence in the next three years in 90% patients.
IDENTIFICATION OF CELLS OBTAINED FROM BLOOD OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS WITH HEMOCYTOFILTRATION
Authors: Grigoruk Olga G. , Lazarev A. F , Chimitov A. A , Khankhashanova T. D , Bazulina L. M , Shoykhet Ya. N
Published: September 2020

This article presents the outcomes of our own research of the detection of circulating cells in the peripheral blood of 48 patients with oncological diseases, using hemocytofiltration. The observed circulating cells (21 cases, 43.8%) have been represented by three variants: more often in the form of “bare” atypical nuclei (76.2% cases), also single conserved tumor cells (14.3%) and large shapeless single cells, probably of non-epithelial nature (9.5%). The difficulties of identifying the obtained cells in light microscopy and technical aspects of the usage of immunocytochemical techniques have been discussed.
APPLICATION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF PANCREAS AND BILIAR TRACT. REVIEW
Authors: Tseimakh A. E , Lazarev A. F , Kurtukov V. A , Tseimakh M. E , Shoykhet Ia. N
Published: September 2020

Data from the global oncology statistics shows that pancreatic cancer is at the 4th place in the world for mortality in men and women, having the lowest five-year life expectancy among gastrointestinal tumors with an average median survival of no more than 6 months. Along with it, malignant neoplasms of the biliary tract are rare in the frequency of occurrence of the nosological group of diseases, which, however, are on the second place in terms of the level of malignancy among the neoplasms of the liver. Both nosologies in the vast majority are not subject to radical treatment, being the object of palliative treatment due to late diagnosis. Despite the establishment of new medical technologies, the main method of treating of these nosologies remains surgical. However, at the time of detection and diagnosis less than 20% of patients have a resectable process, and, moreover, even patients with a resectable tumor are often not subjected to radical surgical treatment due to dissemination of the tumor at the time of surgery, which reduces the postoperative five-year survival of this cancer: 25-30% in patients without metastases to regional lymph nodes and about 10% in patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes. Due to the low efficiency of the surgical method, there are searched new methods of complex treatment, new drugs and chemotherapy regimens, as well as radiotherapy regimens, however, with the improvement of methods for diagnosing cancer in the past 20-25 years, neither the prognosis nor survival of patients nor the percentage of early diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas did not significantly improve. A new and promising method for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas and the biliary tract is photodynamic therapy, the undoubted advantage of which is low toxicity, selective effect only on cancer cells at the fundamental level, contributing depending on the duration of exposure to their autophagy, apoptosis or necrosis. And, although PDT has drawbacks connected with side effects of PDT, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction of the duodenum and hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis, and with insufficient knowledge and lack of clear recommendations, but the PDT method is certainly a promising method in both radical and in palliative complex therapy of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas and biliary tract, which requires further study.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE CREATION OF A ROBOTIC COMPLEX IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND EARLY FORMS OF CANCER
Authors: Cherenkov Vyacheskav G. , Pasevich K. G , Gulkov I. V , Kostylev A. V , Kabirov V. A , Aubakirov R. A
Published: September 2020

On the basis of the created robotic complex with a program for a survey with illustrations (by the type of whether there are similar forms of pathology) of major tumors, a portable USB microscope built into a flexible hose and the body of the complex for transmitting to the touch screen pathological changes in visible localizations (skin, oral cavity). The survey was conducted in 38 patients with a certain trajectory for men and women on the touch screen. The use of the robotic complex allowed patients to suspect tumors of the skin, oral cavity, thyroid gland, lymph node enlargement in 39.4%±1.7%, of which 53.4%±1.9 with further examination of cancer was confirmed, including 2 patients with melanoma and 4 basal cell carcinoma. In the presence of complaints from the stomach, heartburn or belching with a smell on an empty stomach, 17 patients underwent a “breathing test” (basal and with a load of urea) on the Helik-Scan of AMA LLC, built into the program of the robotic complex. The color change in the “breathing tubes” was scanned with fixation on the touch screen, 7 of them had Helicobacter pylori above 10 units with load. In 5 patients with FGS, metaplasia (MP-1 and MP-2) was established, in 2 gastric ulcer and one of them with malignancy. After examination of the patient and processing of the results with a robotic complex, recommendations for further tactics were sent via the confidential Internet to the doctor of the prevention Cabinet.
Possibilities of medicinal plants in accompanying therapy and rehabilitation of patients with malignant neoplasms of the cervix
Authors: Korepanov S. V. , Lazarev A. F. , Nikolaeva M. G. , Petrova V. D.
Published: September 2020

The review of references shows the influence of accompanying therapy based on drugs from medicinal plants on the dynamics of various indicators of homeostasis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.
Diagnostic difficulties in patients with pneumonia and central lung cancer
Authors: Lukyanenko N. Ya. , Lubennikov V. A. , Lazarev A. F. , Fedoseyev M. A. , Vikhlyanov I. V.
Published: September 2020

This work presents an analysis of x-ray, clinical, laboratory methods for the study of patients with pneumonia and central lung cancer, in order to study the main causes of diagnostic errors.
It was established that the causes of diagnostic errors of patients with pneumonia and central lung cancer were the insufficient severity of the leading clinical signs of the course of the disease, the lack of an integrated approach in determining the volume and methods of examination, the inadequacy of accounting for the main radiological signs (localization, density, structure of formation, cavity of decay); lack of an algorithm in the stages of the diagnostic process and the late availability of specialized medical care.
A method for reducing lymphorrhea in the postoperative period after axillary lymphadenectomy for metastatic lesion in patients with skin melanoma
Authors: Yargunin S. A. , Shoyhet Y. N. , Lazarev A. F.
Published: September 2020

Objective. Prevention of prolonged lymphorrhea, postoperative lymphocysts in patients with melanoma metastases after axillary lymph node dissection.

Material and methods. Patients with metastases of melanoma in axillary lymph nodes (n = 67) who underwent axillary lymph node dissection were studied. Patients were divided into two groups comparisons (n = 35), which, after surgical intervention in the armpit, installed an active aspiration system according to Redon and the main (n = 32), patients of which, in addition to the draining system, installed an elastic rubber ball with water, which provided additional pressure on the skin. A significant difference (p0.001) was established between the main and comparison groups in the number of hospital days spent by patients in the hospital. For a statistical comparison, the Mann-Whitney test was used, the distribution form was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The median and interquartile range (Me [Q25%Q75%]) were determined as measures of the average tendency and spread.

Results. In the main group, patients with lymphorrhea stopped faster, drainage was removed earlier and the average hospital stay was 3 days shorter than in patients in the comparison group, and lymphocyst formation was not observed in comparison with the comparison group in which this complication was observed 11.4%.

Discussion. The duration of patients stay in the hospital directly depended on the date of drainage removal, the time of tissue adhesion and the end of lymphorrhea, the formation of a lymphocyst in the postoperative period, which directly depended on the application of a new technique of additional pressure on the tissues besides vacuum drainage.

Conclusion. the installation of hydraulics immediately after the operation leads to a faster gluing of the separated tissues, a reduction in lymphorrhea, and, accordingly, a shorter use of drainage, early removal and discharge of the patient from the hospital, and prevention of the formation of lymphocytes with the corresponding medical and economic effect. Priority certificate No. 2019109858 dated 04/03/2019 was received for the method used.
Regional trends in primary disability of retirement age citizens in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shurgaya Marina A.
Published: September 2020

In the article there is analyzed the problem of primary disability leave in retirement age citizens in the Russian Federation in the period of2005-2014. In particular, there are presented results of research of main indices ofprimary disability of the given numerous category of population. There are highlighted the prevalence and dynamics of primary disability in the Russian Federation, and features of the level ofprimary disability in individual subjects of the Russian Federation identified in the course of the comparative analysis. There is given the estimation of the gender composition of the cohort of citizens of the retirement age, which initially were defined the disability group in the Russian Federation. There were revealed the subjects of the Russian Federation with the high level of primary disability rate due to social diseases.
Aspects of rehabilitation and habilitation of disabled persons in modern times
Authors: Puzin S. N , Memetov Servir S. , Shurgaya M. A , Baleka L. Yu , Kuznetsova E. A , Muteva T. A
Published: September 2020

In an article there are described new approaches to the development and implementation of the individual program of rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities at the present stage. Rehabilitation and Habilitation of Persons with Disabilities are directed to the elimination or perhaps a more full compensation of limitation of life activity of disabled persons with the aim of their social adaptation, including them to achieve offinancial independence and integration into society.
The role of physical rehabilitation in the complex treatment of obesity and overweight correction
Authors: Razina Anastasia O. , Runenko S. D , Achkasov E. E
Published: September 2020

In the literature review there are presented current research trends in the management of obesity and overweight correction. There was noted a multifactoriality ofpathogenesis of obesity and the needfor a multidisciplinary approach to the development of comprehensive programs, including surgical, medical and physiotherapeutic techniques. There were determined priority directions ofpathogenetic treatment process, including the correction of diet, optimization of the motor regimen and the use of aerobic physical loads. There was pointed up the necessity for precise dosing of the load for this category ofpatients, there were presented modern methods of the control of its effective and safe intensity.
On the problem of nursing care organisation as a factor of successful rehabilitation of stroke patients
Authors: Petrova Natalia G. , Minnullin T. I
Published: September 2020

The stroke is characterized by multivarious symptoms, causing a number of patients 'problems which require nursing interventions as dependent (i.e. carried out according to a doctor order and independent (carried out independently). Their complete qualitative performance is one of the conditions for the subsequent successful rehabilitation. The aim of the study was the determination of the amount of nursing interventions in stroke patients on the base of established nursing diagnoses (patient problems). This study was carried out on the basis of a specially developed Card of the study. There was performed an investigation of the character ofproblems and the rate of various nursing interventions in patients treated in a specialized department for stroke patients (the sample size - 50 persons.). The study showed that the main types of independent nursing interventions were: interviews with patients and their relatives about the disease, its course and outcome (frequency of the performance - 97.5% in the first day of hospitalization); assisting in the implementation ofpersonal hygiene (90.0%); training of relatives and patients in care and self-care techniques, elements of massage and self-massage, training in the use of bandages and compression hosiery (87.5% and 85.0%); early verticalization (60.0%), changing diapers (52.5%), frequent changes in body position ofpatients (47.5%), respiratory gymnastics classes (45.0%); the using of anti-decubitus mattresses (35.0%); help with feeding (42.5%). In this, the regulation of nursing auxiliary employment (including a clear classifier of services, their documentation, the existence of standards, the ability to assess the quality and so on) is practically absent. The establishment of appropriate regulations will contribute to the objectification of the activities of specialists in nursing care, to the assurance of the consistency in their work at all stages of the rehabilitation of patients.