bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stent graft treatment for infra‐inguinal arterial disease for either instent‐restenosis and denovo lesions associated with very high rates of failure
Authors: Golla Maheswara S. , Acharji Subasit , Paul Timir K , Madapathi Praveena , Garcia Lawrence A.
Published: December 2017

Background

FDA approved the Gore Viabahn (WL Gore, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) stent for both femoro‐popliteal arterial denovo and instent restenosis (ISRS) lesions. To date there is little data on Viabahn stent graft outcomes in ISRS arterial disease.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2014 we identified 734 patients who underwent 1573 endovascular interventions in our institution for infra‐inguinal revascularization. Among these, 48 patients had 143 Viabahn stents placed. Of these, 26 patients had 94 stents placed for ISRS and 22 patients had 49 stents placed for denovo lesions.

Results

The patients in the ISRS group were younger and more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, compared to the patients in the denovo group. Stents were placed principally for femoro‐popliteal lesions, with mean length of 21 ± 12.5 cm (19.2 ± 14, ISRS vs. 22.1 ± 11, denovo; P = 0.2). Both groups had low primary patency rates during one year follow up (54% vs. 33%, OR = 2.3 (0.9–2.2). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) (57% vs. 27%, P < 0.0001, OR = 3.7, CI = 1.8–8) and surgical revascularization (21% vs. 4%, OR = 6.3, CI = 1.4–28) occurred more frequently in the ISRS group than in the denovo group. Amputation rate (17% vs. 31%, OR 0.7, CI = 0.2–1), cumulative blockage (defined as ISRS and thrombosis) (62% vs. 47%, P = 0.09, OR = 1.8, CI = 0.9–3.6), and Restenosis (40% vs. 31%, OR 1.5, CI = 0.7–3.2) were not statistically different between the two groups. Mean duration of follow‐up was 12.8 ± 13 months.

Conclusion

Stent graft treatment using the Gore Viabahn for denovo and ISRS in femoro‐popliteal arterial obstructive disease have high restenosis and failure rates, of both stent patency and limb outcomes, which is consistent with existed literature.
Synthetic and Catalytic Potential of Amorphous Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Prepared by Postsynthetic Aluminations of Silica in Aqueous Media
Authors: Locus Roel , Verboekend Danny , d'Halluin Martin , Dusselier Michiel , Liao Yuhe , Nuttens Nicolas , Jaumann Tony , Oswald Steffen , Mafra Luís , Giebeler Lars , Sels Bert
Published: December 2017

Amorphous aluminosilicate catalysts have been used industrially on a large scale for almost a century. However, the influence of the pH on the alumination of silica in aqueous solutions has remained largely unclear. Herein, room temperature aluminations of different mesoporous amorphous silicas (fumed silica, dried silica gel, SBA‐15, MCM‐41, and COK‐12) with aqueous solutions of various pH (3–13) are explored. The aqueous solutions are prepared using different aluminum sources (Al(NO3)3 or NaAlO2) and alkaline additives (NaOH or NH4OH). The decoupling of pH and Al source using alkaline additives results in a vast experimental potential to prepare unique aluminosilicates, whereby an important role is played by the pH development during the treatment. The bulk and surface composition, acidity, aluminum coordination, morphology, hydrothermal stability, and porosity of the obtained materials are characterized. Optimal samples possess large surface areas and superior acidities (up to 50 % higher) and outstanding stabilities compared to aluminosilicates prepared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. The obtained materials are evaluated in a series of acid‐catalyzed model reactions involving substrates of various chemical reactivity and size, enabling insight in the catalytic functionality of the introduced Brønsted and Lewis sites. The potential of the obtained materials is emphasized by the similar or superior acidity and catalytic performance compared to several benchmark industrial silica–alumina‐based catalysts.
Influence of Alkaline Additives and Buffers on Mineral Trapping of CO2 under Mild Conditions
Authors: Schütz Marta K. , Lopes Natália F. , Cenci Angélica , Ketzer João Marcelo M. , Einloft Sandra , Dullius Jeane , Ligabue Rosane
Published: December 2017

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the main contributor to climate change. CO2 storage in underground brines and oil‐field brines by mineral trapping has been considered as a promising alternative in order to reduce CO2 emissions. However, permanent storage of CO2 in stable carbonate minerals is greatly dependent on brine pH, being favored over an alkaline pH. The effect of alkaline additives (NaOH, KOH, CaO) and buffer solutions (NaHCO3/NaOH, Na2HPO4/NaOH, NH4Cl/NH4OH) on the mineral trapping of CO2 under mild conditions using a synthetic brine is investigated. The results indicate that both NaOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH and KOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH mixtures promote precipitation mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Binuclear Phthalocyanine Dimer‐Containing Yttrium Double‐Decker Ambipolar Semiconductor with Sensitive Response toward Oxidizing NO2 and Reducing NH3
Authors: Lu Guang , Wang Kang , Kong Xia , Pan Houhe , Zhang Jinghui , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: December 2017

A thin‐film transistor fabricated from a binuclear phthalocyanine dimer‐containing yttrium double‐decker complex [{Pc(OC4H9)8}Y{BiPc(OC4H9)12}Y{Pc(OC4H9)8}] by using the quasi–Langmuir–Shäfer technique exhibits good ambipolar organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) device performance with carrier mobilities of 2.3 and 0.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. These represent the highest mobilities achieved so far for solution‐processed small‐molecule single‐component‐based ambipolar OFET devices. The ambipolar semiconducting nature of this compound was further confirmed in an unambiguous manner by the high sensitive response of the device towards both oxidizing NO2 gas and reducing NH3 gas in the concentration range of approximately 0.5–3 ppm and 7.5–20 ppm, respectively, at room temperature.
Highly Electrophilic, Catalytically Active and Redox‐Responsive Cobaltoceniumyl and Ferrocenyl Triazolylidene Coinage Metal Complexes
Authors: Vanicek Stefan , Podewitz Maren , Stubbe Jessica , Schulze Dennis , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Lippmann Petra , Haslinger Simone , Schottenberger Herwig , Liedl Klaus R. , Ott Ingo , Sarkar Biprajit , Bildstein Benno
Published: December 2017

A convenient access to a triad of triazoles with ferrocenyl and cobaltoceniumyl substituents is reported. N‐Alkylation, deprotonation and metalation with CuI/AgI/AuI synthons affords the heteroleptic triazolylidene complexes. Due to the combination of neutral, electron‐donating ferrocenyl substituents and cationic, strongly electron‐withdrawing cobaltocenium substituents, the mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands of these complexes are electronically interesting “push–pull”, “pull–push” and “pull–pull” metalloligands with further switchable redox states based on their fully reversible FeII/FeIII, (ferrocene/ferrocenium) and CoIII/CoII, (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) redox couples. These are the first examples of metal complexes of (di)cationic NHC ligands based on cobaltoceniumyl substituents. DFT calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of the new MIC ligands, show these metalloligands to be extremely electron‐poor NHCs with properties unmatched in other carbene chemistry. Utilization of these multimetallic electronically tunable compounds in catalytic oxazoline synthesis and in antitumor studies are presented. Remarkably, 1 mol % of the AuI complex with the dicationic MIC ligand displays full catalytic conversion, without the need for any other additives, in less than 2 hours at ambient temperatures. These results thus firmly establish these new classes of cobaltoceniumyl based (di)cationic MIC ligands as prominent players in several branches of chemistry.
Flexible Bonding of the Phosph(V)azane Dianions [S(E)P(μ‐NtBu)]22−
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raul , Rizzuto Felix J. , Wright Dominic S.
Published: December 2017

Oxidation of the PIII dianion [S−P(μ‐NtBu)]22− (1) with elemental sulphur, selenium and tellurium gives the PV dianions [(S)(E)P(μ‐NtBu)]22− (E = S (6 a), Se (6 b), Te (6 c)). Although 6 c proves to be too unstable, the S,S‐dianion 6 a and ambidentate S,Se‐dianion 6 b are readily transferred intact to main group and transition metal elements, producing a range of new cage and coordination compounds. While their coordination characteristics are in many ways similar to closely‐related isoelectronic phosph(V)azane anions [(E)(RN=)P(μ‐NtBu)]22−, the sterically unhindered nature of 6 introduces an expanded range of coordination modes, that is, facial S,S‐ and Se,Se‐bonding as well as side‐on S,Se‐coordination. All of these bonding modes are observed for the amibidentate S,Se dianion 6 b.
Solution‐Processed Titanium Chelate Used as Both Electrode Modification Layer and Intermediate Layer for Efficient Inverted Tandem Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Zhenzhen , Liu Hao , Xia Lixing , Bai Yiming , Wang Fuzhi , Zhang Bing , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: December 2017

Organic polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to light weight, low cost, flexibility and roll‐to‐roll manufacturing. However, the limited light harvest range of the photoactive layer greatly restrains the power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement. In order to expand the light absorption range and further enhance the PCE of the PSCs, tandem structures have been designed and demonstrated. In tandem solar cell, the intermediate layer (IML) plays a critical role in physically and electrically connection of the two subcells. Herein, we apply titanium (diisopropoxide) bis(2,4‐pentanedionate) (TIPD) as both electrode modification layer and intermediate layer to investigate the feasibility in inverted tandem polymer solar cells. The same photoactive layers of PTB7‐Th:PC71BM are adopted in both front and rear subcells to simplify the evaluation of effectiveness of TIPD layer in tandem structures. By modulating the treatment condition of IML and the thickness of photoactive layer, efficient inverted tandem PSCs have been achieved with minimized voltage loss and excellent charge transportation, giving a best Voc of 1.54 V, which is almost two times that of the single bulk heterojunction (BHJ)‐PSC (0.78 V) and an enhanced PCE up to 8.11%.
Administrative billing codes accurately identified occurrence of electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures in a prospective cohort study of atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Ehlert Alexa N. , Heckbert Susan R. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Thacker Evan L.
Published: December 2017

Background

Administrative billing codes for electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures may be useful for atrial fibrillation (AF) research if the codes are accurate relative to medical record documentation.

Hypothesis

Administrative billing codes accurately identify occurrence of electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures in AF patients.

Methods

We studied adults ages 30 to 84 who experienced new‐onset AF between October 2001 and December 2004 in Group Health Cooperative (acquired by Kaiser Permanente in 2017), an integrated healthcare system in Washington state and northern Idaho. Using medical record review as the gold standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for 3 administrative billing codes for electrical cardioversion and 3 codes for AF ablation/maze procedures.

Results

Of 1953 study participants, during a mean (SD) of 1.5 (0.7) years of follow‐up after AF onset, 470 (24%) experienced electrical cardioversion and 44 (2%) experienced ablation/maze procedures, according to medical record review. For electrical cardioversion, individual codes had 7.7% to 76.4% sensitivity, >99% specificity, 83.7% to 96.5% PPV, and 77.3% to 93.0% NPV. Considering any of 3 codes (code 1 or code 2 or code 3) improved sensitivity to 84.9%. For ablation/maze, individual codes had 18.2% to 47.7% sensitivity, >99% specificity, 66.7% to 95.5% PPV, and >98% NPV. Considering any of 3 codes improved sensitivity to 84.1%.

Conclusions

Administrative billing data accurately identified electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures and can be used instead of medical record review. Our findings apply to healthcare settings with available administrative billing databases.
Fingerprinting the Nature of Anions in Pyrylium Complexes: Dual Binding Mode for Anion–π Interactions
Authors: Franconetti Antonio , Nuñez‐Franco Reyes , de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Álvarez Eleuterio , Cabrera‐Escribano Francisca
Published: December 2017

The interplay between noncovalent interactions that involve oxygenated heteroaromatic rings have been studied for the first time in this work. In particular, we report an advance in knowledge‐based anion–π interactions together with (C−H)+⋅⋅⋅anion contacts. To understand how the anion modulates these interactions, the synthesis of pyrylium salts with a variety of anions was performed by using an anionic metathesis methodology. The synthesized pyrylium complexes were classified in series, for example, anions derived from halogens, from oxoacids, from p‐block elements, and from transition metals. Crystallographic data, DFT calculations, and NMR spectroscopy methods provided access to an overall insight into the noncovalent behavior of the anion in this kind of system. Based on the DFT calculations and 1H NMR spectroscopy, pyrylium protons can be used as chemical tags to detect noncovalent interactions in this type of compound.
Behaviour of two‐dimensional liquid dusty plasmas under perpendicular magnetic fields
Authors: Wang Qiaoling , Wang Kang , Feng Yan
Published: December 2017

The collective behaviour of two‐dimensional (2D) liquid dusty plasmas under perpendicular magnetic fields is studied using Langevin dynamic simulations. Based on the positions and velocities of the simulated dust particles, the dynamic parameters of intermediate scattering functions and probability distribution functions are calculated. It is found that, under different 2D liquid dusty plasma conditions, the motion of individual dust particles tends to be more super‐diffusive under stronger perpendicular magnetic fields, well consistent with the previous finding using a different diagnostic technique.
On the instability in the bilayer electron–hole plasma
Authors: Babichenko Vladimir , Polishchuk Ilya , Tsyvkunova Elena
Published: December 2017

We consider here the multi‐flavour electron–hole plasma formed with the charges of opposite signs separated spatially in a bilayer. The temperature of the system is assumed to be smaller than the degenerate temperature of both the electrons and holes. It is found that, if the charge density is sufficiently small, the system has a negative compressibility, and the homogeneous in‐layer charge distribution is thermodynamically unstable. As a result, the system breaks down into 2 co‐existing phases, the denser one being an electron–hole liquid. New sound excitation branch, inherent in the multi‐flavour 2‐dimensional plasma, proves to be unstable exactly for the same density region in which the system is thermodynamically unstable. As the inter‐layer distance increases, the plasmon spectrum of the electron–hole liquid becomes softer for finite momenta. Once the dispersion curve for the plasmon spectrum crosses the momentum axis, the plasmon spectrum becomes unstable. As a result, the system experiences a quantum phase transition leading to the formation of a charge density wave.
Attentional asymmetry between visual hemifields is related to habitual direction of reading and its implications for debate on cause and effects of dyslexia
Authors: Kermani Mojtaba , Verghese Ashika , Vidyasagar Trichur R.
Published: December 2017

A major controversy regarding dyslexia is whether any of the many visual and phonological deficits found to be correlated with reading difficulty cause the impairment or result from the reduced amount of reading done by dyslexics. We studied this question by comparing a visual capacity in the left and right visual hemifields in people habitually reading scripts written right‐to‐left or left‐to‐right.

Selective visual attention is necessary for efficient visual search and also for the sequential recognition of letters in words. Because such attentional allocation during reading depends on the direction in which one is reading, asymmetries in search efficiency may reflect biases arising from the habitual direction of reading. We studied this by examining search performance in three cohorts: (a) left‐to‐right readers who read English fluently; (b) right‐to‐left readers fluent in reading Farsi but not any left‐to‐right script; and (c) bilingual readers fluent in English and in Farsi, Arabic, or Hebrew. Left‐to‐right readers showed better search performance in the right hemifield and right‐to‐left readers in the left hemifield, but bilingual readers showed no such asymmetries. Thus, reading experience biases search performance in the direction of reading, which has implications for the cause and effect relationships between reading and cognitive functions.
Atypical anorexia nervosa is not related to brain structural changes in newly diagnosed adolescent patients
Authors: Olivo Gaia , Solstrand Dahlberg Linda , Wiemerslage Lyle , Swenne Ingemar , Zhukovsky Christina , Salonen‐Ros Helena , Larsson Elna‐Marie , Gaudio Santino , Brooks Samantha J. , Schiöth Helgi B.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Patients with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) have many features overlapping with AN in terms of genetic risk, age of onset, psychopathology and prognosis of outcome, although the weight loss may not be a core factor. While brain structural alterations have been reported in AN, there are currently no data regarding atypical AN patients.

Method

We investigated brain structure through a voxel‐based morphometry analysis in 22 adolescent females newly‐diagnosed with atypical AN, and 38 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). ED‐related psychopathology, impulsiveness and obsessive‐compulsive traits were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) and Obsessive‐compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI‐R), respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated.

Results

Patients and HC differed significantly on BMI (p < .002), EDE‐Q total score (p < .000) and OCI‐R total score (p < .000). No differences could be detected in grey matter (GM) regional volume between groups.

Discussion

The ED‐related cognitions in atypical AN patients would suggest that atypical AN and AN could be part of the same spectrum of restrictive‐ED. However, contrary to previous reports in AN, our atypical AN patients did not show any GM volume reduction. The different degree of weight loss might play a role in determining such discrepancy. Alternatively, the preservation of GM volume might indeed differentiate atypical AN from AN.
Building evidence for the use of descriptive subtypes in youth with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Norris Mark L. , Spettigue Wendy , Hammond Nicole G. , Katzman Debra K. , Zucker Nancy , Yelle Katie , Santos Alexandre , Gray Madeline , Obeid Nicole
Published: December 2017

Objective

To examine characteristics of patients with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in an effort to identify and describe subtypes of the disorder.

Method

A retrospective chart review was completed for patients aged 8–17 years assessed over a 17‐year period.

Results

Seventy‐seven patients were included in the study, the majority of whom were female (n = 56, 73%). The average age of patients was 13.7 years (SD = 2.4 years). Three specific subtypes of ARFID (aligning with example presentations outlined in the DSM‐5) were identified: (a) those with weight loss and/or medical compromise as a consequence of apparent lack of interest in eating (n = 30, 39%); (b) restriction arising as a result of sensory sensitivity (n = 14, 18%); and (c) restriction based upon food avoidance and/or fear of aversive consequences of eating (n = 33, 43%). Clinical characteristics of patients varied depending on the assigned subtype.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the need for further research into the relative merit of subtype‐assignment in patients with ARFID and whether such practice would aid in the recommended treatment. Further research is required to understand whether these categories are generalizable and applicable to other samples such as young children or adults with ARFID, and how treatment options might differ according to subtype.
Lanthanide Tetrafluoroterephthalates for Luminescent Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Utochnikova Valentina V. , Grishko Alexey , Vashchenko Andrey , Goloveshkin Alexander , Averin Aleksey , Kuzmina Natalia
Published: December 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue are ValentinaàV. Utochnikova from M.àV. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, and co‐workers. The cover image shows the application of new water‐based luminescent dyes for high‐resolution printing.
Hydrothermal Carbon Doped Form‐Stable Inorganic Hydrate Salts Phase Change Materials with Excellent Reutilization
Authors: Wang Jie , Han Weifang , Guan Hongyu , Ge Chunhua , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: December 2017

Form‐stable phase‐change materials (PCMs) are increasingly meaningful to thermal storage technology in various application environments. In this research, the eutectic hydrate salt mixture/poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) copolymer (EHS/PAAAM) was synthesized as a form‐stable PCM, which satisfactorily solves the liquid‐state leakage problem, which has previously led to weakened energy transfer efficiency and heat storage capacity. The doping of hydrothermal carbon (HTC), HTC‐EHS/PAAAM effectively improved these deficiencies, and it additionally showed eminent stability with a weak supercooling effect. The results were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the mechanism analysis was studied using SEM, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy In addition, HTC‐EHS/PAAAM possesses excellent recyclability after 101 thermal cycles. Compared to EHS/PAAAM, the thermal conductivity of HTC‐EHS/PAAAM increased by 43.9 % with the 1.5 wt % content of HTC.
Cenozoic faulting response of eastern North China to subduction of the Pacific Plate: A case of study of the Luxi Block
Authors: Li Shaojun , Li Sanzhong , Wang Yongming , Li Xiyao , Suo Yanhui , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Qian , Zhang Jian , Somerville Ian
Published: December 2017

The Cenozoic deformation and dynamic evolution of the eastern part of North China were significantly affected by the changing of the subduction direction and rate of the Pacific Plate. In this paper, we use the Luxi Block as a specific case study area, by examining the Cenozoic structural connection between the deep and shallow levels, and the related seismicities and their triggering mechanisms. We investigate the response of the Cenozoic tectonic activities in this area to the subduction of the Pacific Plate. The results show that the Cenozoic shallow fault pattern in the Luxi Block is mainly characterized by a domino‐style normal fault pattern constituted by a series of NW‐ to WNW‐trending normal faults. The focal mechanism and field observations suggest that these faults are sinistral strike‐slip type, and they dominate the formation and development of the Cenozoic basins jointly controlled by the NE‐trending faults. Geophysical data suggest that at a depth of 15–20 km beneath the Luxi Block, there is a gentle décollement zone and large‐scale low‐velocity tomographic anomalies. The domino‐style fault system in the shallow crust is incorporated into this décollement zone, manifesting as a decoupling between the shallow and deep structures, and a transition zone between the high‐ and low‐velocity anomaly zones controlling the development of two medium to strong NW‐trending earthquake zones. With respect to the dynamic mechanisms, the tectonic activities in eastern North China are closely related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate, which induced crustal thinning, mantle upwelling and small‐scale convections in the mantle wedge, and also caused the uplift of the Luxi Block.
Comparative study of nanoscale pore structure of Lower Palaeozoic marine shales in the Middle‐Upper Yangtze area, China: Implications for gas production potential
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhu Yanming , Liu Shimin , Chen Shangbin , Zhang Rui
Published: December 2017

The Lower Cambrian Niutitang and Lower Silurian Longmaxi shales in the Middle‐Upper Yangtze area are considered the primary shale gas units targeted for development in China. To shed some light on the difference in nanopore structures between Niutitang and Longmaxi shales, systematic comparative investigations were conducted using various techniques, including geochemical analyses, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), high‐pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and low‐pressure N2/CO2 adsorption techniques. The results show that both Niutitang and Longmaxi shales have high total organic carbon (TOC) content and complex mineral compositions. The porosity of Longmaxi shales is higher than that of Niutitang shales, with an average value of 3.26% and 2.04%, respectively. Interestingly, for both shale formations, the mesopores (2–50 nm) are the major contributors to pore volumes, whereas the specific surface area is dominated by micropores (<2 nm). For the mesopore size distributions (PSDs) calculated from the N2 adsorption, the Longmaxi shales have a dominant pore size ranging from 10 to 60 nm. In contrast, there are more fine mesopores (2–8 nm) in the Niutitang shales. Furthermore, we found that numerous nanoscale pores are well‐developed within graptolite‐derived organic matter (OM) in the Longmaxi shales. These interconnected graptolite periderm pore systems may not only provide a storage space for both adsorbed and free gas but also serve as pathways for gas transport. The Niutitang shales developed relatively fewer OM pores with smaller diameters, lower OM surface porosity, and lower connectivity compared to the Longmaxi shales. The differences in OM pore structure partly explain why there is a large production difference between these two formations.
The Early Jurassic Chang'anbu porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in Northeastern China: Constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology and H–O–S–Pb stable isotopes
Authors: Ju Nan , Ren Yunsheng , Zhang Sen , Kou Linlin , Zhang Di , Gu Yuchao , Yang Qun , Wang Hui , Shi Lei , Sun Qiushi , Wu Tong
Published: December 2017

Central Jilin is tectonically subordinate to the Lesser Xing'an Range–Zhangguangcai Range polymetallic metallogenic belt, an important region for Cu–Mo prospecting in NE China. Dozens of large‐scale molybdenum deposits, including Fu'anbu, Chang'anbu, Jide, and Dashihe, have been recently discovered in Central Jilin, whereas porphyry Cu or Cu–Mo deposits have not been found to date. One such example of an intracontinental porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is the Chang'anbu Cu–Mo deposit in Shulan, Jilin Province, hosted in early Yanshanian rocks. Here in this contribution, we described detailed geology based on our field observation and conducted a comparative study on the metallogenic epoch and the ore‐forming sources of the Chang'anbu Cu–Mo deposit by using zircon U–Pb dating and H–O–S–Pb stable isotopes. We propose that the Chang'anbu deposit is rare in the Lesser Xing'an Range–Zhangguangcail Range metallogenic belt and differs from other porphyry deposits that consist solely of Mo, indicating a unique mechanism of metallogenesis. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate emplacement of a granite pluton which is the main metallogenetic rock body during the Early Jurassic (182.10 ± 1.20 Ma). The pluton is spatially and temporally associated with Cu–Mo mineralization and led to large‐scale porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization during the early Yanshanian. Sulphur, Pb, H, and O isotope data suggest that magma generated by subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust was the main ore‐forming source of this deposit (206Pb/204Pb = 18.046–18.734; Pb207/Pb204 = 15.502–15.655; δ34S = 0.3–2‰; δDV–SMOW = −102.2–93.4‰; δ18OV–SMOW = 9.1–11.6‰). The Chang'anbu porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is representative of large‐scale polymetallic metallogenic events in Central Jilin that resulted from magmatism related to crust and mantle melting during the early Yanshanian.
In situ zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopes and tectonic implications of late Palaeoproterozoic host rocks from the Shuangfengling gold deposit, northern Tarim Block, NW China
Authors: Lei Ru‐xiong , Wu Chang‐zhi , Feng Yong‐gang , Jiao Jian‐gang
Published: December 2017

The Tarim Block contains important information of the Precambrian crustal evolution of the Earth. In this paper, we present detailed petrographic and in situ zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopes data for the Palaeoproterozoic host rocks (gneiss and gneissic granite) of the Shuangfengling gold deposit in the Quruqtagh terrane in order to constrain their ages and magma sources and discuss their tectonic environments. Zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry data indicated that the host rocks (gneiss and gneissic granite) of the Shuangfengling gold deposit were formed at 1948 ± 17 and 1944 ± 13 Ma, respectively, and all underwent a metamorphism immediately after magma emplacement. The Hf isotopic signatures, negative εHf(t) values and older Archean two‐stage Hf model ages, of the studied rocks suggested that the magmas of these rocks were derived by crustal reworking in a manner similar to the magmatism related to a collisional orogeny. This study further confirms the existence of this Palaeoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic event in the Tarim Block. The Tarim Block was part of the Columbia supercontinent.
Applicants’ likelihood to apply for jobs at professional service firms: The role of different career models
Authors: Hansen Nina Katrin , Schnittka Oliver
Published: December 2017

Against the backdrop of only a few empirical studies on the topic of up‐or‐out career models in professional service firms (PSFs), we highlight the importance of an explicit applicant perspective on the topic of up‐or‐out and develop a quantitative approach to analyze the perception and effects of up‐or‐out models in practice. Our empirical study is based on an online practitioner survey as well as on a two‐by‐two between‐subjects‐experiment with law and management students. The practitioner sample shows that the interviewed classic PSFs (law firms and accounting firms) have predominantly implemented alternative career positions in favor of up‐or‐out models while the interviewed Neo‐PSFs (management consulting firms) show a more balanced implementation of up‐or‐out models and extended career models. However, results of our experimental applicant study reveal that the potential employee groups have different preferences: Law students (and hence potential applicants of classic PSFs in the future) show a higher likelihood to apply in connection with the up‐or‐out‐model, whereas management students (and hence potential applicants of Neo‐PSFs in the future) show a higher likelihood to apply in connection with the alternative career model.
Effects ofOxalis barrelieriL. (Oxalidaceae) aqueous extract on diarrhea induced byShigella dysenteriaetype 1 in rats
Authors: Fokam Tagne Michel Archange , Noubissi Paul Aimé , Fankem Gaëtan Olivier , Kamgang René
Published: December 2017

Aim

Oxalis barrelieriis a medicinal plant commonly used in Cameroon, for the treatment of many diarrheal diseases. The antibacterial properties ofO barrelieriaqueous extract (WOb) againstShigella dysenteriaetype 1 were investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro by disc diffusion method and by macrodilution method.S dysenteriaetype 1 at a dose of 1.2 × 109 CFU was administrated orally to rats to induce shigellosis. For 6 consecutive days, diarrheic rats were treated withO barrelieriaqueous extract (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) or norfloxacin (20 mg/kg BW). The diarrheal stool weight andS dysenteriaetype 1 density were assessed during the treatment period, and death rate recorded. Nitric oxide production in blood and in colonic homogenate and blood parameters were assessed, and the histological section of the colon was performed in the survivors.

Results

The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of WOb were, respectively, 6 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL. The mean minimal bactericidal concentration/minimal inhibitory concentration ratio for WOb againstS dysenteriaetype 1 was high (˃4); WOb could be classified as a bacteriostatic drug. WOb significantly (P < .01) reduced bacterial density and diarrheal stool weight. WOb decreased nitric oxide production (P < .01) in the large intestine and protected the mucosa of the colon from bacterial destruction.

Conclusion

The results suggest thatO barrelieriaqueous extract possesses bacteriostatic and antidiarrheal activities and reduces damages caused to intestinal mucosa barrier by pathogenic mechanisms ofShigella. This extract could be used as an alternative therapeutic for infectious diarrhea.
Children's understanding of mixed emotions in self and other: Verbal reports and visual representations
Authors: Burkitt Esther , Lowry Ruth , Fotheringham Francesca
Published: December 2017

Patterns of simultaneous experiences of mixed emotion have been found in adulthood using analogue emotion scales (AES) that measure subjective intensity and duration of two emotions in one graph. Children report simultaneous emotions increasingly between 5 and 7 years of age. These reports may underestimate the type of simultaneous experiences. This research piloted an extended interview and AES to assess subjective mixed emotion types in childhood. One hundred and eighty children (91 girls, 89 boys) between 5 years 2 months and 7 years 3 months (M = 6 years 3 months) were allocated to two conditions (self: n = 90, other: n = 90), hearing a vignette describing a mixed emotion event occurring either to another child or to themselves. Log‐linear analysis of reported and graphed responses showed simple, sequential, prevalence, inverse, and highly simultaneous emotion experiences. Younger children reported more single and sequential experiences. Older children reported and graphed more simultaneous experiences. Mixed emotion varied by measure type with more prevalence experiences graphed than reported and more inverse experiences reported than graphed. The results indicate the potential for the utility of the adapted AES for use with children.

Highlights

Investigating types of mixed emotion experiences in childhood using reports and an adapted analogue emotion scale.

Children reported and graphed single and mixed emotion experiences for themselves or another child. Single, sequential, prevalence, inverse, and highly simultaneous experiences were reported and graphed by both age groups in both conditions. More prevalence experiences were graphed than reported and more inverse experiences reported than graphed.

Simultaneous patterns of mixed emotion could extend models of emotion recognition in childhood and could supplement interview and assessment procedures.
Identification and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia located in the cesarean scar
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Yuan , Yang Junjun , He Yonglan , Wang Ming , Wan Xirun , Xiang Yang
Published: December 2017

Objective

To identify the clinical characteristics of, and the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) located in the cesarean scar.

Methods

The present retrospective analysis was conducted among patients diagnosed with GTN located in the cesarean scar at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, between June 1, 2006, and May 31, 2016. Clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Of 938 women diagnosed with GTN, 31 (3.3%) patients had GTN located in the cesarean scar. Irregular vaginal bleeding was the main clinical manifestation. Twenty (65%) patients received an accurate diagnosis based on a history of molar pregnancy/a high β‐human chorionic gonadotropin level/typical imaging presentations. The remaining 11 patients were initially misdiagnosed; the definitive diagnosis was made by pathology. All patients received chemotherapy; 22 (71%) women also underwent hysterectomy or localized uterine lesion resection because of chemoresistant lesions. All patients had a complete remission; at a median follow‐up of 35 months, only 1 (3%) woman had a relapse.

Conclusion

Owing to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms, GTN located in the cesarean scar is prone to misdiagnosis. In patients without typical manifestations, the definitive diagnosis often relies on pathology. For treatment, uterine lesion resection is a useful adjunct to chemotherapy.
Placenta accreta spectrum disorder trends in the context of the universal two‐child policy in China and the risk of hysterectomy
Authors: Zeng Chanjuan , Yang Mengyuan , Ding Yiling , Duan Siqi , Zhou Yang
Published: December 2017

Objective

To identify both the trends in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders in the context of the universal two‐child policy in China and risk factors for hysterectomy.

Methods

The present retrospective analysis included confirmed PAS disorders during cesarean delivery at a tertiary hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China, from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of hysterectomy.

Results

During the 10‐year study period, the overall incidence of cesarean delivery was 51.6% (13 530/26 214) and that of PAS disorders was 1.2% (302/26 214). The PAS rate increased from 0.1% (5/4617) in 2007–2008 to 2.1% (133/6351) in 2015–2016, alongside a rise in elective repeat cesarean delivery from 5.0% (106/2124) to 38.4% (1385/3603). Previous cesarean delivery greatly increased the likelihood of PAS disorders (odds ratio [OR] 97.4; P<0.001). Invasive depth (OR 92.0; P<0.001), inter‐cesarean interval less than 36 months (OR 7.0; P=0.002), rural residence (OR 5.3; P=0.018), and advanced maternal age (OR 3.0; P=0.045) were independent risk factors for hysterectomy among women with PAS disorders.

Conclusion

The increasing incidence of elective repeat cesarean delivery combined with a high overall rate of cesarean delivery implies a high prevalence of PAS disorders within the context of the universal two‐child policy in China. The main predictor of hysterectomy was invasive depth.
Trends in serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels 0–4 days after methotrexate administration for predicting tubal ectopic pregnancy treatment success
Authors: Wong Lo , Fung Linda W.Y. , Cheung Chun‐Wai , Lao Terence T.
Published: December 2017

Objective

To evaluate serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels 0–4 days after single‐dose methotrexate administration for tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Methods

The present retrospective study included women with tubal ectopic pregnancy treated by methotrexate at a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong, China, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016. Patients were stratified serum HCG levels rose or fell from day 0–4 post‐administration. Trends in day 0–4 serum HCG to predict treatment success were compared with that of day 4–7 serum HCG. The optimal drop in HCG was identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

There were 102 patients included. The positive predictive value (PPV) of day 0–4 serum HCG for treatment success was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82–96), which is comparable to the current criterion of a 15% drop in day 4–7 serum HCG (PPV 91%, 95% CI 84–95). A 6% drop in day 0–4 serum HCG was the best predictor of treatment success (PPV 96%, 95% CI 86–99).

Conclusion

A drop in day 0–4 serum HCG provided earlier prognostic information and was not inferior to the current criterion.
ADAM17 participates in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Haifang , Ma Shuhui , Li Jing , Zhao Miaomiao , Huo Xueping , Sun Jingying , Sun Lijun , Hu Jun , Liu Qinshe
Published: December 2017

Paeoniflorin (PF), the most abundant active ingredient of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Paeoniae Radix, has been recognized as a potential neuroprotectant due to its remarkable efficacy on mitigating cerebral infarction and preventing the neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanisms of PF remain incompletely understood. In this study, we first provided evidence for the protective effect of PF on hydrogen peroxide‐induced injury on mouse brain microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells, and for transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal induced by PF, suggesting that EGFR transactivation might be involved in the beneficial role of PF. Next, by detecting the phosphorylation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) at Thr 735 and performing loss‐of‐function experiments with the ADAM17 inhibitor and ADAM 17‐siRNA, we showed that PF‐induced transactivation of EGFR and downstream ERKs and AKT signaling pathways were dependent on ADAM17. Furthermore, PF‐induced phosphorylation of ADAM17 and the EGFR transactivation were inhibited by the inhibitors of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) or Src kinase that were applied to cells prior to PF treatment, implying the involvement of A1R, and Src in the activation of ADAM17. Finally, PF reduced the cell surface level of TNF‐receptor 1 (TNFR1) and increased the content of soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) in the culture media, indicating that PF might enhance the shedding of sTNFR1. Taken together, we conclude that A1R and Src‐dependent activation of ADAM17 participates in PF‐induced EGFR transactivation and TNFR1 shedding on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells, which may contributes to the neuroprotective effects of PF.
Retracted: Effects of microRNA‐10a on synapse remodeling in hippocampal neurons and neuronal cell proliferation and apoptosis through the BDNF‐TrkB signaling pathway in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wu Bo‐Wen , Wu Mi‐Shan , Guo Jin‐Dong
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to research the effects of microRNA‐10a (miR‐10a) on synapse remodeling and neuronal cells in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD) through BDNF‐TrkB signaling pathway. Rat models of AD were established. The neuronal cells were allocated into blank, negative control (NC), miR‐10a mimics, miR‐10a inhibitors, K252a, and miR‐10a inhibitors + K252a groups. Expressions of miR‐10a, p38, PSD95, BDNF, cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB), and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrκB) were tested using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. Neuron cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis were observed using Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. The ultrastructure was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The miR‐10a expression of AD rats increased while p38, PSD95, BDNF, CREB, and TrκB expression decreased compared with the normal rats. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay testified miR‐10a targeted BDNF. The expressions of p38, PSD95, BDNF, CREB, and TrκB decreased in the miR‐10a mimics and K252a groups. Compared with the blank and NC group, the miR‐10a mimics and K252a groups showed inhibited cell growth rate with cells mainly rest in the G1 satge, and increased spoptosis. The miR‐10a inhibitors group presented an opposite trend to the miR‐10a mimics and K252a groups. The synapse was complete and abundant in the miR‐10a inhibitors group while disappeared in the miR‐10a mimics and K252a groups. The results indicated that miR‐10a restrains synapse remodeling and neuronal cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis in AD rats via inhibiting BDNF‐TrkB signaling pathway.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of α, β‐unsaturated carboxylic acid, and its urea based derivatives that explores novel epigenetic modulators in human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 cell line
Authors: Chidambaram Anusha , Sundararaju Kavya , Chidambaram Ramesh K. , Subbiah Rajasekaran , Jayaraj John M. , Muthusamy Karthikeyan , Vilwanathan Ravikumar
Published: December 2017

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a small molecule chemotherapeutics that target the chromatin remodeling through the regulation of histone and non‐histone proteins. These inhibitors directed against histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes have become an important therapeutic tool in oncology; consequently, scientific efforts have fortified the quest for newer and novel HDACi, which forces the design of structurally innovative HDACi. Various urea containing compounds exhibited admirable anticancer activity. On the basis of these observations, we design and synthesize HDAC specific blocker molecules which are specifically besieged towards class I, class II, and class IV HDAC isoforms to enhance the structural assortment for HDACi. Through docking experiments, we identified that the compounds were tightly bound to the isoforms of the HDAC enzymes at their receptor regions. These derivatives potently inhibited the different isoforms, namely, class I, II, and IV of HDACs, by hyperacetylation of lysine residues in A549 cells. The mechanism of apoptosis is evident, regulating tumor suppressor genes and proteins, thereby facilitating the activation of the death receptor pathway by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. These derivative facilitated the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to downregulation of Bcl2, and upregulation of Bax expression, thereby dysregulating mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) to release cytochrome c, and activation of intrinsic pathway. These compounds downregulate the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway to inhibit cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis through the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP2 and MMP9 in A549 cells. These results suggest that our designed urea based derivatives act as epigenetic targeting agents through HDAC inhibition.
Activation of fibroblasts by nicotine promotes the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and motility of breast cancer cells
Authors: Chen Pin‐Cyuan , Lee Wen‐Ying , Ling Hsiang‐Hsi , Cheng Chia‐Hsiung , Chen Ku‐Chung , Lin Cheng‐Wei
Published: December 2017

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression. It is well documented that nicotine participates in cigarette smoking‐related malignancies. Previous studies focused on the effects of nicotine on tumor cells; however, the role of the microenvironment in nicotine‐mediated tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of nicotine on fibroblasts and its contribution to breast cancer. We found that nicotine induced the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and promoted activation of fibroblasts. Interestingly, conditioned medium from nicotine‐activated fibroblasts (Nic–CM) had a greater impact on promoting the EMT and migratory capability toward cancer cells than did treatment with nicotine alone. Production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β by nicotine‐treated fibroblasts was demonstrated to be crucial for promoting the EMT and cancer cell migration, and blocking of CTGF and TGF‐β in Nic‐CM‐suppressed tumor motility. Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF‐β in fibroblasts as identified through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)‐dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism. Together, our data showed for the first time that activation of fibroblasts is largely responsible for accelerating smoking‐mediated breast cancer progression.