bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fossil beech fern (cf. Phegopteris (C. Presl) Fée) from Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, British Columbia
Authors: Greenwood David
Published: February 2023

Ferns are important components of the biodiversity of wet forests across Canada, and the fossil record offers insights into the origins of fern diversity and biogeography. In 1967, Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park in north-central British Columbia was declared an Eocene Epoch plant, insect, fish, bird, and mammal fossil site of national scientific significance to preserve the Driftwood Creek fossil beds. The fossil plants from this important fossil site remain largely unknown. Here, a first record of a beech fern from the Eocene of British Columbia—morphologically comparable to the Phegopteris connectilis group—is illustrated, further revealing the past biodiversity of ancient British Columbia. The absence of sori and other key anatomical characters prevents definitive identification. Today, the circumpolar to temperate species Northern Beech Fern (Phegopteris connectilis) is widespread across British Columbia, occurring in wet coniferous forests; other members of the P. connectilis group also occur in temperate climates.
Matching business process behavior with encoding techniques via meta-learning: An anomaly detection study
Authors: Tavares Gabriel , Barbon Sylvio
Published: February 2023

Recording anomalous traces in business processes diminishes an event log?s quality. The abnormalities may represent bad execution, security issues, or deviant behavior. Focusing on mitigating this phenomenon, organizations spend efforts to detect anomalous traces in their business processes to save resources and improve process execution. However, in many real-world environments, reference models are unavailable, requiring expert assistance and increasing costs. The considerable number of techniques and reduced availability of experts pose an additional challenge for particular scenarios. In this work, we combine the representational power of encoding with a Meta-learning strategy to enhance the detection of anomalous traces in event logs towards fitting the best discriminative capability between common and irregular traces. Our approach creates an event log profile and recommends the most suitable encoding technique to increase the anomaly detection performance. We used eight encoding techniques from different families, 80 log descriptors, 168 event logs, and six anomaly types for experiments. Results indicate that event log characteristics influence the representational capability of encodings. Moreover, we investigate the process behavior?s influence for choosing the suitable encoding technique, demonstrating that traditional process mining analysis can be leveraged when matched with intelligent decision support approaches.
Landslide detection based on efficient residual channel attention mechanism network and faster R-CNN
Authors: Jin Yabing , Ou Ou , Wang Shanwen , Liu Yijun , Niu Haoqing , Leng Xiaopeng
Published: February 2023

Accurate landslide detection plays an important role in land planning, disaster prediction and disaster relief. At present, field investigation and exploration based on professional personnel is the most widely used landslide mapping and detection technology, but this method consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and is inefficient. With the development of artificial intelligence, landslide identification and target detection based on deep learning have attracted more and more attention due to their remarkable advantages over traditional technologies. It is a technical problem to identify landslides from satellite remote sensing images. Although there are some methods at present, there is still room for improvement in the target detection algorithm of landslides against the background of the diversity and complexity of landslides. In this paper, target detection algorithm models such as Faster R-CNN apply to landslide recognition and detection tasks, and various commonly used recognition and detection algorithm network structures are used as the basic models for landslide recognition. Efficient residual channel soft thresholding attention mechanism algorithm (ERCA) is proposed, which intends to reduce the background noise of images in complex environments by means of deep learning adaptive soft thresholding to improve the feature learning capability of deep learning target detection algorithms. ERCA is added to the backbone network of the target detection algorithm for basic feature extraction to enhance the feature extraction and expression capability of the network. During the experiment ERCA combined with ResNet50, ResNet101 and other backbone networks, the objective indicators of detection results such as AP50 (Average Precision at IOU=0.50), AP75 (Average Precision at IOU=0.75) and AP (Average Precision) were improved, and the AP values were all improved to about 4%, and the final detection results using ResNet101 combined with ERCA as the backbone network reached 76.4% AP value. ERCA and other advanced channel attention networks such as ECA (Efficient Channel Attention for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks) and SENet (Squeezeand- Excitation Networks) are fused into the backbone network of the target detection algorithm and experimented on the landslide identification detection task, and the detection results are that the objective detection indexes AP50, AP75, AP, etc. are higher for ERCA compared with other channel attention, and the subjective detection image detection effect and feature map visualization display are also better.
Editorial
Authors: Ivanovic Mirjana , Radovanovic Milos , Kurbalija Vladimir
Published: February 2023

nema
Management Of Spastic Equinovarus Foot in Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Evaluation of Anatomical Landmarks for Selective Nerve Blocks of the Tibial Nerve Motor Branches
Authors: Picelli Alessandro , Di Censo Rita , Zadra Alessandro , Faccioli Silvia , Smania Nicola , Filippetti Mirko
Published: February 2023

Objective: To define the anatomical landmarks of tibial motor nerve branches for selective motor nerve blocks of the gastrocnemii,  soleus and tibialis posterior muscles in the management of spastic equinovarus foot.Design: Observational study.Patients: Twenty-four children with cerebral palsy with spastic equinovarus foot.Methods: Considering the affected leg length, motor nerve branches to the gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles were tracked using ultrasonography, and located in the space (vertical, horizontal, deep) according to the position of fibular head (proximal/distal) and a virtual line from the middle of popliteal fossa to the Achilles tendon insertion (medial/lateral).Results: Location of motor branches was defined as percentage of the affected leg length. Mean coordinates were: for the gastrocnemius medialis 2.5 ± 1.2% vertical (proximal), 1.0 ± 0.7% horizontal (medial), 1.5 ± 0.4% deep; for the gastrocnemius lateralis 2.3 ± 1.4% vertical (proximal), 1.1 ± 0.9% horizontal (lateral), 1.6 ± 0.4% deep; for the soleus 2.1 ± 0.9% vertical (distal), 0.9 ± 0.7% horizontal (lateral), 2.2 ± 0.6% deep; for the tibialis posterior 2.6 ± 1.2% vertical (distal), 1.3 ± 1.1% horizontal (lateral), 3.0 ± 0.7% deep.Conclusion: These findings may help the identification of tibial motor nerve branches to perform selective nerve blocks in patients with cerebral palsy with spastic equinovarus foot.
LAY ABSTRACTThis observational study was performed on a sample of 24 children with cerebral palsy in order to identify the motor nerve branches to the main calf muscles for assisting the management of spastic foot. All patients were evaluated with ultrasonography. The nerve branches to the gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles were located in space (vertical, horizontal, deep), based on the position of the fibular head (proximal/distal) and a posterior line in the middle of the leg (medial/lateral). Location of motor branches was defined as percentage of the affected leg length. The mean coordinates for the gastrocnemius medialis motor branch were 2.5% proximal, 1.0% medial, 1.5% deep; for the gastrocnemius lateralis: 2.3% proximal, 1.1% lateral, 1.6% deep; for the soleus: 2.1% distal, 0.9% lateral, 2.2% deep; for the tibialis posterior: 2.6% distal, 1.3% lateral, 3.0% deep. These findings may help the management of spastic foot in children with cerebral palsy.
Diversity of haplogroup R1a-Z2122 in subpopulations of balkars and karachays according to microsatellite diversity
Authors: Dzhaubermezov M. A , Ekomasova N. V , Litvinov S. S , Tokareva E. A , Gabidullina L. R , Valiev R. R , Nurgalieva A. Kh , Khusnutdinova E. K
Published: February 2023

Being one of the most mountainous Turkic peoples in the world, the genetic background of the Karachais and Balkars remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the haplogroup R1a-Z2122 of the Y-chromosome in the population of Karachais and in the sub-ethnic groups of Balkars. The material for the study was DNA samples from Karachais (n = 126) and Balkars (n = 235). The analysis of the genetic diversity of the population of Karachais and subpopulations of Balkars living in the central part of the North Caucasus region was carried out according to the data on the distribution of Y-SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) hap-logroups and Y-STR (Short tandem repeats) haplotypes. According to the results of genotyping of the R1a-Z2122 haplogroup in the Balkar subpopulations, the R1a-Z2122 haplogroup was detected with a frequency of 3.4%, and in the Karachai population - 2.4%. In the course of studying the distribution of this haplogroup in sub-ethnic groups of Balkars, its high content in the group of Chegemians was shown, where it is 6.8% of the diversity of haplogroups of the Y-chromosome. In the group of Baksans, the frequency of this haplogroup decreases to 4.8%, among Bezengievs it is found in 2.6% of the population, and among Malkars in 1.7%, while this haplogroup was not found in the Kholam population. For the analysis of STR-haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, we selected 11 samples belonging to the haplogroup R1a-Z2122. As a result of the construction of the median network and the circular dendrogram, significant variability was shown within the studied sample. The data obtained by us as a result of the research can be used in the development of courses for students of biological, historical and medical specialties. The created unique collection of DNA samples from Balkars and Karachais can subsequently be used for population, evolutionary, and medico-genetic studies.
Morphological and functional charakteristics of histogenetically related structures - producers of monoamines - in the local regulatory apparatus of the large duodenal papilla
Authors: Dekhkanov T. D , Oripov F. S
Published: February 2023

Purpose of the study. Study of the morphology of open-type fluorescent cells and adrenergic nerve structures of the major duodenal papilla. Material and research methods. The material for the study was the area of the large duodenal papilla of 12 rabbits and 5 dogs. Fluorescent endocrine cells and adrenergic nerve structures were revealed by processing cryostat sections of the material with a gly-oxylic acid solution. Research results. It has been established that the fluorescent cells of the diffuse endocrine (APUD) system contain serotonin and catecholamines, the shade of their luminescence depends on the quantitative ratio of which. Where these two structures are located side by side, the shade of the glow is approximately the same. Discussion. It is assumed that the implementation of a complex response to the primary chemoreceptor information on the composition of the chyme, obtained by the fluorescent cells of the diffuse endocrine system of the major duodenal papilla, occurs through the exchange of biogenic amines between them and the adrenergic nerve structures of the duodenal papilla.
Comparative analysis of the regeneratory potential of blood derivatives on a cell model of corneal epithelium damage
Authors: Subbot A. M , Trufanov S. V , Shakhbazyan N. P
Published: February 2023

The problem of the restoration of the epithelial layer after various modifications of keratoplasty is of great fundamental interest. In this regard, new methods of induction of regeneration are being developed; one of the promising approaches in this area is the use of autologous blood derivatives with a high regenerative potential. Objective: to compare the effect of 3 blood derivatives serum, platelet-rich plasma and plasma rich growth factors on the culture of corneal epithelial cells. The study was carried out on cells of the epithelium of the human cornea of passage 3. To confirm corneal affiliation, cells were typed for characteristic cytokeratins. The dynamics of migration was assessed in the test for wound healing of the monolayer. Proliferation was assessed by the results of the formazan test. Plasma rich growth factors had the greatest stimulating effect on cell proliferation. There were no significant differences between groups in the rate of wound healing of the monolayer. It was found that, in comparison with the control, all stimulants shift the morphological phenotype of cells to a more mature side. As a result of the study, it was shown that all 3 types of tested blood derivatives are promoters of corneal re-epithelialization. The use of drugs obtained from blood can positively influence the processes of epithelialization in persistent epithelial corneal defects, which requires further study.
Discovery of the main genes regulating iron metabolism is the result of the study of hemochromatosis
Authors: Smirnov O. A , Smirnova O. N
Published: February 2023

The review article is devoted to the history of the discovery of genes that regulate iron metabolism. The natural model that became the basis for the study of genes was hemochromatosis (HC). HC is a hereditary disease caused by excess iron in tissues. The first to be discovered was the HFE gene, whose physiological role is to prevent iron overload in cells by decreasing the binding of transferrin receptor-1 (TFR-1) to metal-saturated transferrin. This happened in 1996; the gene was mapped to chromosome 6p.23.3. In the European population, mutations in the HFE gene were detected in 80-100% of patients with HC. This variant of the disease is classified as type 1 He in OMIM. In 1999, the HJV gene on chromosome 1q21 was discovered, the product of which, hemouvelin, was later found to modulate the expression of hepcidin, and the SLC40A1 gene on chromosome 2q32, which encodes ferroportin, an iron transporter from enterocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes and placental cells into blood plasma. HC associated with mutations in these genes is represented by types 2A and 4 in the OMIM classification. In 2000, the HAMP gene on chromosome 19q13.1 was discovered, encoding the main iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, which blocks ferroportin, and the TFR-2 gene on chromosome 7q22. controlling the capture of iron by hepato-cytes and bone marrow cells, as well as the level of metal in the blood plasma. HC associated with mutations in these genes is represented by types 2B and 3 in the OMIM classification.
Contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesis
Authors: Tazetdinova L. G , Mullagulova A. I , Solovyeva V. V , Chulpanova D. S , Kitaeva K. V , Rizvanov A. A
Published: February 2023

Carcinogenesis is a complex and dynamic process, an important part of which is the formation of the tumor microenvironment, which is an integral part of malignant tumors and plays an important role in their progression. To maintain the growth and development of a tumor, constant contact and cross exchange of various trophic factors and cytokines with the cell of microenvironment, such as endothelial, immune, stromal cells, are essential. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, but their role in carcinogenesis is highly controversial. It has been described that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are able to stimulate tumor growth by differentiation into tumor-associated fibroblasts, immunosuppression, stimulation of angiogen-esis, participation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inhibition of apoptosis, and maintenance of the metastatic potential of the tumor. However, other studies show that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells suppress tumor growth by increasing inflammatory infiltration, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing WNT and AKT signals, and by directly inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. This review discusses the role of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in carcinogenesis, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the pro- and antitumor effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.
Telocytes (interstitial cajal like cells) of the fallopian tubes in acute and chronic salpingitis
Authors: Chekmareva I. A , Paklina O. V , Skripchenko D. V
Published: February 2023

Telocytes (TCs) are a recently described population of cells. Their histogenesis, phytophysiology, function and role in the development of pathological conditions are discussed by many researchers. In particular, the pathophysiological role of TCs in the fallopian tubes affected by inflammation remains unexplored. Objective: to study ultrastructural changes in the TC and their diagnostic significance in the distal fallopian tubes in acute and chronic salpingitis. Histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and electron microscopic (EM) examination of fragments of the distal fallopian tubes of 10 women (age 37.8 ± 7.1 years) with acute and chronic inflammation, as well as without disease were carried out. IHC study was carried out with antibodies characteristic of stem cells (CD34, CD117) and Cajal cells (CD117, DOG1). We believe that immunophenotyping with well-known markers is not specific and is not suitable for the identification of TCs in the fallopian tubes. An EM study revealed multiple destructive changes in the TC. In acute salpingitis - loss of organelles, cytoplasmic vacuolization, dilatation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, loss of intercellular contacts, shortening of telopodia, local loss of plasma membrane integrity. In chronic salpingitis, there is an increase in destructive changes and a further decrease in the number of TCs. Changes in TC and a decrease in their number alter the three-dimensional organization of the extracellular matrix in the stromal compartment of the fallopian tube, weaken intercellular signaling and contractility of the fallopian tube, which contributes to impaired organ motility.
Chondrogenesis induced in vivo by gene-activated hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and plasmid DNA encoding VEGF
Authors: Presnyakov E. V , Rochev E. S , Tserceil V. V , Nikitina M. P , Kananykhina E. Yu , Mavlikeev M. O , Chauzova T. S , Petrikina A. P , Eremin I. I , Pulin A. A , Isaev A. A , Komlev V. S , Fatkhutdinov T. Kh , Deev R. V , Bozo I. Y
Published: February 2023

Development of effective methods for cartilage tissue repair is highly relevant for surgical practice. One of the promising approaches in this area is the use of gene-activated materials that capable to change the production of certain factors involved in reparative chondrogenesis regulation in the damaged area within a certain time. In this study, we developed two gene-activated hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid delivering plasmid DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) gene. One of the hydrogels also contained octacalcium phosphate microgranules. The materials were implanted into the defects of cranial bones, articular and auricle cartilages in rabbits. Control groups consisted of the same materials without plasmid DNA. We found that gene-activated materials formed a larger volume of cartilaginous tissue with complete restoration of the auricle by 90 days. Healing of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone was also more efficient at the 30 and 60 days follow-up, but by 90 days, remodeling of the newly formed cartilage into fibroelastic and fibrous connective tissues was observed in all groups. Cranial bone defects were filled with newly formed bone tissue in the test group by day 90, while in the control a residual defect filled by fibrous connective tissue was retained. Thus, developed variants of the gene-activated hydrogels are promising candidates to be medical devices for treatment of patients with bone and cartilage pathology.
The role of mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR- signal pathway in decreasing ovarian reserve in reproductive patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis
Authors: Melkozerova O. A , Okulova E. O , Mikhelson A. A , Tretyakova T. B
Published: February 2023

The most common reason for patients with endometriosis seeking medical help is infertility, which affects 25-50% of patients with this disease. One of the essential factors of infertility in deep infiltrative endometriosis is the depletion of the ovarian reserve. To study the effect of deep infiltrative endometriosis on the state of the ovarian reserve in patients of reproductive age, as well as to assess the range of mutations in the PIK3CA gene among patients with infiltrative endometriosis. The main group consisted of 50 patients of reproductive age with deep infiltrative endometriosis, 18 of whom with ovarian endometriomas. The comparison group included 25 patients of reproductive age with inconsistency of the uterine scar after cesarean section. The level of anti-Mullerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol in the blood was determined, as well as the number of antral follicles in the ovaries was counted during trans-vaginal ultrasound. The search for activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene was carried out by the method of new generation DNA sequencing in tissue samples of ovarian endometriomas and in biopsies of healthy ovarian tissue. The anti-Mullerian hormones level was lower in patients with infiltrative endometriosis than in patients in the comparison group by 1.0 ng/ml (2.6 ± 2.2 ng/ml in the main group, 3.6 ± 3.5 ng/ ml in the comparison group), however, the difference did not reach statistical significance, p>0.05. The number of antral follicles according to ultrasound data was significantly lower in the main group (8.5 ± 4.5) than in the comparison group (12.2 ± 4.1), p=0.001. This difference was statistically significant both for patients with ovarian endometriomas (6.0 ± 4.2, p
Autological fibrin matrixs: prospect surgery use
Authors: Epifanov S. A , Matveev S. A , Krainyukov P. E , Kokorin V. V , Bazaev A. A , Chekmareva I. A
Published: February 2023

The article presents a technique for obtaining autologous carriers of tissue micrografts, or scaffolds, based on the interaction of fibrin and cells of the implanted material, as well as a method for the controlled production of autologous tissue matrices of the required volume, which are easily modeled. The processes of formation of a fibrin clot, its main physical characteristics have been investigated. The process of matrix gel compaction is considered, which significantly stimulates the attachment of tissue micrografts to the scaffold surface, which promotes metabolic processes.
The role of artificial matrix components used for regenerative medicine in combating periprothetic infection
Authors: Yurova K. A , Khaziakhmatova O. G , Malashchenko V. V , Shunkin E. O , Melashchenko E. S , Norkin I. K , Ivanov P. A , Krivosheev V. V , Khlusov I. A , Litvinova L. S
Published: February 2023

Currently, there is an increasing demand for biocompatible materials that can be used for bone reconstruction. However, there is still no consensus regarding adequate bone replacement material. The materials traditionally used for reconstructive surgeries, and methods of making bone-replacing implants from them have various disadvantages. They do not fully satisfy the biological and biomechanical characteristics of living tissues. This leads to a clinical situation called "implant failure” and consists of a violation of its integrity, loosening, attachment of infectious agents, and inflammation development. There are severe socio-economic losses for the patient himself and the state. The problem of infectious complications after surgical operations with the use of bone replacement implants is quite acute. Periprosthetic infection is a modern professional challenge for surgeons and bioengineers. However, antibiotic therapy, which is the only treatment of choice for periprosthetic infection, is characterized by various side effects and becomes ineffective due to microbes' antibiotic resistance. In this regard, for the fight against periprosthetic infection, metal ions with antimicrobial potential (copper, zinc) are considered promising, which are not destroyed during sterilization of medical devices and have their own biological (regulatory) activity. The presented data indicate researchers' interest in studying the interaction of immunocompetent and mesenchymal stem cells with biomedical materials with antimicrobial potential.
Next-generation immunotherapy: regulatory T-cells
Authors: Churov A. V , Novitskaya A. V , Zhulai G. A
Published: February 2023

Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) control the activity of immune cells and suppress the development of inflammation, maintaining the immune balance necessary for the body. Dysfunctions of Tregs are associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and oncological diseases. With systemic and organ-specific autoimmune reactions, as well as organ transplantation, a decrease in the function of Tregs is observed. While in the course of oncogenesis, the activity of Tregs prevents the development of an adequate immune response to tumor antigens, promotes the processes of angiogenesis and uncontrolled growth of transformed cells. Taking into account the important function of Tregs in the control of autoimmunity and oncogenesis, approaches to immunotherapy of inflammatory pathologies based on autologous and donor Tregs, as well as methods of activating an antitumor immune response as a result of selective blockade of the functional activity of Tregs, are being actively developed. The review provides an overview of technologies for modulating the activity of Tregs for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity and adverse reactions after transplantation.
Analysis of the features of neurofibromatosis type 1 in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Mustafin R. N , Valiev R. R , Bermisheva M. A , Khusnutdinova E. K
Published: February 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumor syndrome that occurs on average with a frequency of 1: 3000 people. Clinical features of NF1 include cafe-au-lait macules on the skin, multiple cutaneous, subcutaneous, and plexi-form neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, and optic gliomas. The disease is also characterized by damage to the musculoskeletal system, impaired intelligence and behavior. The cause of the disease is germinal mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes the oncosuppressor neurofibromin. NF1 is characterized by pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations, from erased to severe, without geno-phenotypic correlations. Therefore, the role of modifier genes in the pathogenesis of NF1 is assumed. We carried out a clinical-epidemiological and molecular-genetic study of patients with NF1 from the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). We searched for intragenic mutations by sequencing 57 exons of the NF1 gene, and identified deletions of the entire gene using microsatellite analysis. The prevalence of NF1 in RB is 10 per 100 000. We identified 14 intragenic mutations in the NF1 gene in 20 patients with NF1 and 2 extended deletion of NF1 gene in 3 patients from 2 unrelated families. We did not find a correlation between the type of mutation and the characteristics of the clinical manifestations of the disease. To determine the possible influence of modifier genes on pathogenesis of NF1, we carried out a comparative analysis of the clinical manifestations of NF1 depending on inheritance, ethnicity and association of systemic manifestations. Among the clinical manifestations of NF1 in RB, there was a low frequency of optic nerve gliomas (5,25%) and plexiform neurofibromas (5%). The incidence of brain cysts was 4,25% among patients with NF1. We identified 9 mutations for the first time in the world, 5 out of 14 identified mutations are known (c.2806A>T, c.2991-1G>C, c.3158C>G, c.4537C>T, c.6792C>A). The distribution of mutation types turned out to be random. We identified a protective role of crossbreeding for the development of severe manifestations of NF1. We determined a high incidence of scoliosis, short stature, facial dysmorphism and chest deformity in the inheritance of NF1 from the mother, which suggests the influence of modifier genes on the pathogenesis of NF1.
Analysis of approaches to increase the efficacy of cell therapy based on mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Potapnev M. P
Published: February 2023

The review considers the main stages of isolating, processing and clinical use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). They included: donor selection, selection of the source of MSCs, methods of isolation of cellular suspension from tissue, culturing in vitro for cell biomass propagation, priming of the resulting cell product, timing and ways of its clinical application, selection of the recipient of MSCs. The analysis of the stages of MSCs preparation and conditions for their use was carried out from the position of the influence on the final therapeutic effect of cell therapy in patients (or experimental animals - in preclinical studies). The optimal parameters of work with MSCs at each stage, the possibility to improve their quality / biological activity in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy were determined. The analysis and ways of avoiding the influence of adverse factors associated with the manufacturing and use of MSCs on the effectiveness of cell therapy in patients were given.
Immunohistochemical detection of stem cell markers, transcription factors and PD-L1 in malignant gliomas in adults patients
Authors: Sulin K. A , Galkovsky B. E , Petrov A. A , Ryzhkova D. V , Krasnoshlyk P. V , Gulyaev D. A , Makarov I. A , Gaycova O. N , Sidorin V. S , Mitrofanova L. B
Published: February 2023

The prognosis of glioblastoma (GLB) is poor: the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. Almost all patients relapse after surgery according to the standard of treatment: resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide. T reatment options today for relapse are limited, and no amount of therapy prolongs patients' lives. The development of resistance to therapy is associated with the microenvironment and tumor stem cells. Objective: to study the expression of stem cell markers, transcription factors and PD-L1 in malignant gliomas. A retrospective study included 17 patients with high-grade gliomas who underwent surgery. All patients underwent traditional histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to IDH1R132H, BRAF V600E, Ki-67, GFAP, NANOG, Nestin, CD133, SALL4, OCT4, SOX2, CD38, PD-L1, FOXM1, morphometric analysis with calculation of the average ratio cells with antigen expression to the number of all tumor cells. Expression of NANOG was observed in 47% of cases, Nestin - in 88%, CD133 - in 71%, SOX2 - in 100%, CD38 and FOXM1 - in 65%. None of the tumors expressed SALL4, only one OCT4. PD-L1 expression was detected only in 2 cases. Correlation analysis established the presence of significant associations between the expression of Nestin and CD133; FOXM1 and NANOG; Nestin and CD38; Ki-67 and SOX2. The presence of expression of stem cell markers and transcription factors NANOG, Nestin, CD133, CD38, SOX2, FOXM1 in malignant gliomas, in our opinion, dictates further targeted study of these markers on a larger sample and opens up new potential targets for targeted therapy.
Multiomics approaches to search for molecular-genetic predictors of osteoporosis
Authors: Yalaev B. I , Tyurin A. V , Khusainova R. I
Published: February 2023

The identification of genetic loci and biochemical markers associated with the risk of fractures and the level of bone mineral density (BMD) did not give an unambiguous answer about the molecular pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP). There are still unresolved questions about the possibility of early diagnosis and prognosis of the course of the disease. The molecular effects of genetic variants located in the coding regions of the human genome are easy to study. However, most of the single nucleotide polymorphic loci that are associated with osteoporosis susceptibility are located in non-coding or intergenic regions. Their role in the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. The use of biochemical markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis therapy does not allow developing approaches to early diagnosis of the disease before a fracture occurs. Significant problems arise in the interpretation of research results for use in clinical medicine. But the combination of multidisciplinary data, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS), changes in the patterns of biogenic elements of bone remodeling, catalytic activity of a number of enzymes, and protein expression has significantly expanded the understanding of the key links in the pathogenesis of the disease. The article reviews and summarizes the latest advances in multiomics studies of osteoporosis, including bionformatic analysis to find key risk factors for the development of OP, as well as pharmacogenetic aspects of modern therapy of the disease.
The origin of menopause
Authors: Boyarsky K. Yu , Skobeeva V. A , Chekhonina O. B , Kahiani E. I
Published: February 2023

The origin of menopause is mysterious and difficult to explain in terms of evolutionary theory. Menopause is described in humans and in four cetacean species. Natural selection cannot act on a trait that appears after the end of reproduction; therefore, it cannot be formed by the classical selection mechanism. All the proposed theories of the onset of menopause, adaptive and non-adaptive, can explain the benefits of menopause, but are completely untenable from the point of view of the theory of evolution and do not answer the main question - how did it arise. We propose a hypothesis based on the assertion that menopause is a byproduct of the rapid increase in the size of the cerebral cortex during the formation of Homo sapiens. Genes associated with the development of congenital microcephaly, which are responsible for the development of the cerebral cortex, were identified, and clear traces of natural selection were found in them, and a powerful evolutionary process continues up to the present. Most products of these genes are associated with the process of formation of the cell division spindle, both in the process of mitosis and meiosis. We hypothesize that the rapid evolutionary process that led to the growth of the cerebral cortex in humans, as a side effect, led to the formation of a high frequency of aneuploidy in oocytes. A similar process has also led to the formation of menopause in cetaceans.
Dynamics of inflammatory infiltrate in mice liver under conditions of experimental fecal peritonitis
Authors: Safronova G. M. , Indeikin F. A. , Andreev Yu. A. , Emelin A. M. , Presnyakov E. V. , Deev R. V.
Published: February 2023

The relationship between the liver and the peritoneum is an important element in a body homeostasis maintaining. Morphofunctional changes occurring in the liver in response to fecal peritonitis allow a better understanding of this relationship. Despite the existing researches, some aspects of the pathological changes occurring in the liver in fecal peritonitis require a special study.

Purpose: to describe the composition and dynamics of the lymphocytic-leukocytic infiltrate in the liver in conditions of experimental fecal peritonitis.

The study was conducted on Balb/c (n=5) mice with artificially induced fecal peritonitis. One animal was euthanized on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 day of the experiment. Immunophenotyping of inflammatory infiltrate cells was performed on liver tissue samples using antibodies to CD3, CD45, CD163. Morphometric analysis was carried out with the calculation of the number of cells per unit area.

It was shown that the highest intensity of infiltration by CD45+-cells is observed on the 3rd day of the experiment with a subsequent decrease; infiltration by CD3+-cells increases by the 5th day of the experiment without further dynamics; infiltration of CD163+-cells by day 7 without further changes.

Conclusions: the severity of the liver parenchyma infiltration by immune cells in dynamics reflects the organ reaction to experimental fecal peritonitis.
Improving the Manufacture by Flexographic Printing of RFID Aerials for Intelligent Packaging
Authors:   , McCall Caitlin A.
Published: February 2023

Flexography is a well-established high-volume roll-to-roll industrial printing process that has shown promise for the manufacture of printed electronics for smart and intelligent packaging, particularly on to flexible substrates. Understanding is required of the relationship between print process parameters, including ink rheology, and performance of printed electronic circuits, sensors and in particular RFID antenna. The complexity of this printing process with its shear and extensional flows of complex inks and flexible substrates can lead to undesirable surface morphology to the detriment of electronic performance of the print. This thesis reports work that progresses the understanding of the complex relationships amongst relevant factors, particularly focusing on the printability of features that have an impact on printed RFID antenna where increases in resistance increase the antennas resonant frequency. Flexography was successfully used to print RFID antenna. However, the large variation in print outcomes when using commercial inks and the limits on resistivity reduction even at the optimal print parameters necessitated the systematic development of an alternative silver flake ink. Increases in silver loading and TPU polymer viscosity grade (molecular weight) increased the viscosity. The ink maintained its geometry from the anilox cell between rollers, on to the substrate and print surface roughness increased. This, however, did not increase resistance of the track due to the high silver loading. Better understanding of the relationship between print parameters, print outcomes, ink rheology and performance of an RFID antenna has been achieved. Increases in silver loading up to 60wt.% improved conductivity. However, further increasing the silver loading produced negligible additional benefit. An adaption of Krieger-Dougherty suspension model equation has been proposed for silver at concentrations over 60wt.% after assessing existing suspension models. Such a model has proven to better predict relative viscosities of inks than Einstein-Batchelor, Krieger-Dougherty and Maron-Pierce equations. Increasing TPU viscosity grade was found to be a promising ink adjustment in the absence of changing print parameters, to produce a more consistent print. Better prediction of ink behaviour will allow for improved control of ink deposition, which for RFID applications can improve ink conductivity, essential for good response to signal. Further developments such as addition of non-flake particles and formulation refinement are required to enable the model ink to match the resistivity of the commercial ink.
The effect of therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions on the health trajectory of individuals with cystic fibrosis
Authors:   , Aspinall Sean P.
Published: February 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), resulting in a build-up of viscous mucus and multi-organ dysfunction. Advances in treatment have decreased the burden of CF and increased survival age. However, clinicians and researchers must continue to look for areas that contribute to improved quantity and quality of life for individuals with CF. The aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of nutritional status, aerobic capacity, and modulator therapy on clinical outcomes within CF patients. Study 1 demonstrated the minimal effective dose of exercise needed to elicit change in aerobic capacity. Safety and efficacy of this protocol was evidenced with increases in aerobic capacity akin to that seen in the general population. Study 2 observed the longitudinal effect nutritional status had on pulmonary function. Female pulmonary function evidenced an increased sensitivity to change in body mass index when compared to males. Study 3 evaluated the lived experience of CFTR treatment, highlighting despite clinically relevant benefits, benefits do not come in the absence of negative physical and psychological challenges. Study 4 demonstrated increased incidence of overweight/obesity following implementation of CFTR treatment Introduction of CFTR treatment has rapidly changed the outlook of CF care. As landscape of the disease changes there is a need to adapt to new individual needs in what is a familiar disease with a new face. Whilst diet and exercise represented significant cornerstones of care in the past 30 years, as disease burden decreases, there is a need to view diet and exercise as means of enhancing physical and psychological health, rather than tools to manage the symptoms of the disease. Whilst this thesis is unable to quantify the effect of CFTR therapy on health, the future has never looked brighter for CF patients.
DESIGN THINKING NAS PESQUISAS SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Carvalho de Almeida Eduardo , Nunes da Costa Marta Rios Alves , Pereira de Queirós Wellington
Published: February 2023

A realização desse estudo emergiu do interesse em analisar como a metodologia de ensino Design Thinking está disseminada nas pesquisas sobre a formação de professores. Para isso, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa a partir da análise bibliográfica, cuja abordagem considera o estado do conhecimento das produções acadêmicas nacionais desenvolvidas entre 2010 a 2020. De um lado, os resultados apontaram para uma tendência crescente na adoção da abordagem Design thinking no processo de formação de professores. Por outro lado, porém, evidenciaram uma escassez das produções acadêmicas com relação ao tema pesquisado; o que demonstra ser ainda pouco estudado, carecendo de mais destaque na produção acadêmica no nível stricto sensu. Não obstante, também demanda uma análise específica na formação de professores no Ensino de Ciências.
Digital Kalkulator Lingkar Lengan Atas Ibu Hamil
Authors: Suryadi Aris , Wahyuni Yuli , Alfrieda Nyanyu Siti Aminah Lily , Puspita Ari , Nugroho Antonius Ariyo
Published: February 2023

Pengukuran status gizi mudah dan praktis menggunakan alat ukur yaitu pita pengukur lingkar lengan atas. Di Indonesia, perhitungan lingkar lengan atas menggunakan cara yang masih manual dan bisa saja terjadi salah hitung, ini merupakan indikator risiko kekurangan energi kronis. Kekurangan energi kronis dapat dialami wanita usia subur umur 1545 tahun sejak remaja kemudian berlanjut pada masa kehamilan dan menyusui akibat cadangan energi dan zat gizi yang rendah. Dampak jangka panjang gizi makro pada wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil dengan kekurangan energi kronis adalah melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Dari permasalahan tersebut dibuat alat kalkulator Lingkar Lengan Atas Ibu Hamil digital portabel berbasis mikrokontoler. Perhitungan dilakukan secara digital dimana datadata dimasukan di proses melalui mikrokontoler yang akan ditampilkan dilayar LCD berupa hasil akhir sehingga dapat memperkiran nilai gizi ibu hamil dan juga dapat memperkirakan bayi mengalami resiko kurang energi kronis dan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Hasil yang didapat dari Dari 20 data yang telah di proses oleh kalkulator lingkar lengan atas ibu hamil rata-rata ibu hamil memiliki lingkar lengan 26 sampai 28 cm dengan hasi persentase 91,23 persen-98,25persen yang termasuk kategori normal.

Kata kunci  lingkar lengan atas, ibu hamil, gizi, mikrokontroler, digital.
Evaluasi Kinerja Komputasi Aliran Daya Tiga Fasa Memanfaatkan Teknologi Virtualisasi di Data Center Universitas Lampung
Authors: Hakim Lukmanul , Nama Gigih Forda , Prayoga Fandi , Pasaribu Donni Cerpin
Published: February 2023

Intisari — Analisis aliran daya tiga fasa tidak seimbang merupakan bagian dari topik lanjutan untuk mahasiswa program sarjana di kelompok teknik tenaga listrik Departemen Teknik Elektro Universitas Lampung (Unila). Memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada siswa tentang topik ini, terutama di “New Normal” setelah merebaknya pandemi Covid-19, membutuhkan platform yang fleksibel bagi siswa untuk melakukan simulasi dengan gadget yang mereka miliki. Hal ini dapat dicapai dengan mem-porting karya kami sebelumnya pada perangkat lunak komputasi aliran daya 3 fase ke platform web dan menginstalnya di Pusat Data Unila. Karya ini melaporkan kinerja perangkat lunak ini di bawah teknologi virtualisasi di Pusat Data. Sistem uji pengumpan IEEE 8500-node diambil sebagai kasus uji untuk memeriksa kinerja komputasi perangkat lunak aliran daya dan teknologi virtualisasi di Pusat Data. Jumlah pengguna secara bersamaan diasumsikan sama dengan jumlah siswa di kelas untuk menjalankan kasus secara bersamaan. Perbandingan juga dilakukan antara aliran daya tiga fasa yang dikembangkan dengan OpenDSS. Kinerja perangkat lunak dan teknologi virtualisasi yang digunakan dibahas.

Kata kunci Aliran Daya Tiga Fasa Tidak Seimbang, Teknologi Virtualisasi, Evaluasi Kinerja Server, OpenDSS
Aplikasi Kontrol Kualitas Air dan Pakan Untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Budidaya Betta Fish
Authors: Agustina Elza , Adi Widodo Djoko
Published: February 2023

Betta Fish merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang banyak digemari masyarakat untuk dibudidayakan. Kegagalan dalam pembibitan sering terjadi akibat kualiatas air untuk kebutuhan ikan tidak terjaga. Studi ini bertujuan  membuat sistem pengontrolan kualitas air dan pakan. Parameter yang menjadi perhatian adalah zat padat terlarut (TDS), pH, dan level air. Metode pengontrolan kualitas air dan pakan (PKAP) dengan melakukan  pengujian sampel air  berupa 1200 ml dari air PDAM (PI), 1200 ml air methylene blue (PII), 1200 ml air ekstrak ketapang atau TCL (Terminalia Catappa L) (PIII). Dari pengujian ketiga jenis air didapatkan error partikel padat terlarut pada PI sebesar 19,89 persen, PII sebesar 5,58 persen, dan PIII sebesar 4,44 persen. Rata-rata pH pada PI : 6.91, PII : 7.2, PIII : 7.03. Level air pada ke tiga perlakuan rata-rata sebesar 14 cm. Selanjutnya rata-rata pakan yang dikeluarkan sebanyak 7-8 butir pelet dengan buka servo pakan sebesar 45 Derajat . Dari data hasil pengujian sistem PKAP yang dikembangkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu peningkatan produktivitas betta fish.
Simulasi Perbaikan Tegangan menggunakan Aplikasi ETAP pada Mobile Substation 150/20 KV Sistem Kelistrikan PLN (Persero) Rayon Menggala
Authors: Son Jeckson , Afrida Yenni , U Ubaidah , A Ali Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Drop tegangan di wilayah Tulang Bawang dan Mesuji sudah mencapai level – 50 percents dari tegangan nominal. Sedangkan berdasarkan SPLN T6.001 tahun 2013 tentang Tegangan Tegangan Standar disebutkan bahwa tegangan tertinggi dan tegangan terendah perbedaannya tidak boleh lebih besar kurang lebih 10 percents dari tegangan nominal sistem. Drop tegangan terjadi karena panjang penghantar jaringan terlalu panjang dan beban feeder besar di ujung jaringan serta terlambatnya pembangunan gardu induk Mesuji. Perbaikan tegangan pada sistem kelistrikan di wilayah Tulang Bawang dan Mesuji disimulasikan menggunakan Aplikasi ETAP dengan memanfaatkan fungsi Load Flow Analisis sehingga diperoleh hasil aliran daya pada sistem kelistrikan tersebut. Simulasi dilakukan pada dua kondisi yaitu kondisi sebelum dan kondisi setelah Mobile Substation 150/20 kV beroperasi pada sistem kelistrikan Tulang Bawang dan Mesuji. Dari hasil simulasi dengan Aplikasi ETAP dapat diketahui perbaikan tegangan pada sistem kelistrikan Tulang Bawang dan Mesuji. Sehingga apabila hasil simulasi dianggap layak, maka pengoperasian Mobile Substation 150/20 kV dapat dilaksanakan