bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethos antirracista em saúde bucal coletiva como imperioso à vida
Authors: Santos Marcia Pereira Alves dos , Bastos João Luiz
Published: March 2024

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o imperativo do antirracismo na saúde bucal coletiva, a qual, como núcleo e práxis, pode contribuir de forma significativa para a (re)construção de um ethos que contemple a equidade e viabilize a cidadania e a democracia. Como paradigma, assumimos o conceito “Bucalidade” e as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, pela ênfase no direito à saúde como prerrogativa do direito à vida e no combate ao racismo e a todas as formas de discriminação, em quaisquer espaços, como indutor desse ethos. Como exercício crítico, abordamos o status quo da saúde bucal coletiva e apontamos para uma perspectiva pró-equidade racial como uma escolha intencional, política e pactuada socialmente em busca da justiça social. Por fim, trazemos proposições para a implementação desse ethos por assumir o enfrentamento do racismo sistêmico no campo da saúde bucal coletiva como inadiável para a preservação da vida-boca e aprimoramento da democracia.
“Even if we are the caring hand”: Black doctors and structural racism in the context of primary health care
Authors: Silva Letícia Batista , Campos Daniel de Souza , Araújo Marcos Vinícius Ribeiro de , Reis Regimarina Soares
Published: March 2024

Abstract This study scrutinizes structural racism’s influence on the training and work of Black professionals in primary health care (PHC) in Rio de Janeiro, particularly focusing on the experiences of Black female physicians. Employing a qualitative approach via a Focus Group, conducted in November 2022, we adopted symbolic interactionism to interpret racism-related experiences. Our findings encompass two primary dimensions: the manifestation of structural and institutional racism within the Unified Health System (SUS), and how racism permeates health work processes and consequences. Results highlight enduring impacts, spanning education to PHC roles, hindering healthcare process recalibration. Participants identify institutional and structural racism, from managerial neglect to territorial violence and physician scarcity, constraining comprehensive care. It is crucial to unveil and grasp racism’s structural essence within healthcare, aligned with the vision of health as a fundamental right.
O quilombo Mata Cavalo/Brasil e a sindemia da COVID-19: o racismo e o direito de (r)existir em questão
Authors: Madureira Kleber Gonçalves , Barsaglini Reni
Published: March 2024

Resumo Comunidades quilombolas têm sentido efeitos do racismo aprofundados com a COVID-19 cujas repercussões se amplificam em contextos de desigualdades raciais, caracterizando-se como sindemia. O termo remete à sinergia de elementos biológicos, econômicos, ambientais, políticos e sociais que potencializam condições e estados coexistentes, repercutindo na vida e afetando a saúde. Assim, analisamos as repercussões da sindemia da COVID-19 a partir das percepções de lideranças de comunidade quilombola em Mato Grosso. Em estudo qualitativo entrevistamos três lideranças em maio/2022, usando roteiro semiestruturado e tratamos os dados pela análise temática. A sindemia da COVID-19 visibilizou a precariedade estrutural quanto ao transporte, estradas, saneamento, acesso à água, alimentos e serviços de saúde. O isolamento, mortes, medos tiveram repercussões psicossociais, mas ausência de atenção à saúde mental. Propostas antirracistas clamam por: reparar precariedades reconhecendo a dívida do Estado com a população negra; valorizar experiências, modo de vida, cosmovisão, valores civilizatórios ancestrais afrocentrados. Enfim, fortalecer, reafirmar e efetivar ações antirracistas como o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial e a PNSIPN em todos possíveis espaços, políticas e instituições.
Fatores associados ao homicídio de mulheres no Brasil, segundo raça/cor, 2016-2020
Authors: Nery Mona Gizelle Dreger , Nery Felipe Souza Dreger , Pereira Sheila Regina dos Santos , Cavalcante Lara Aguiar , Gomes Beatriz Mota , Teles Ana Cláudia Oliveira , Luiz Olinda do Carmo , Araújo Edna Maria de
Published: March 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as taxas de homicídios contra mulheres residentes no Brasil, segundo unidades da federação e raça/cor, no período de 2016 a 2020. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de tendência temporal. Foi realizada análise múltipla adotando-se modelo de regressão para dados longitudinais. No período, ocorreram no Brasil 20.405 homicídios de mulheres e as taxas padronizadas mostraram que as mulheres negras (6,1/100.000) apresentaram as maiores taxas, em comparação às brancas (3,4/100.000). O Brasil apresentou queda de 25,2% de 2016 a 2020. A taxa de homicídio variou de 4,7 mortes por 100 mil mulheres em 2016 para 3,5 em 2020, mas a tendência decrescente e estatisticamente significante foi observada nas taxas de mulheres negras e brancas. As variáveis IDH, taxa de analfabetismo e proporção de causas mal definidas apresentaram uma relação inversa e estatisticamente significante com as taxas de homicídio de mulheres. Nos anos de 2019 e 2020 houve uma diminuição da taxa média de homicídio em relação ao ano de 2016. Apesar do decrescimento na evolução temporal das taxas para negras e brancas, houve diferenças raciais importantes nos homicídios de mulheres, com piores resultados para as mulheres negras.
Racismo, saúde e pandemia: uma revisão narrativa da relação entre a população negra e eventos da COVID-19 no ano de 2020
Authors: Araújo Marcos Vinícius Ribeiro de , Pereira-Borges Ruan Carlos
Published: March 2024

Resumo Objetiva-se analisar como as publicações científicas descreveram e interpretaram os achados sobre a relação entre a população negra e eventos ligados à COVID-19 em 2020. Revisão narrativa com busca sistemática, na qual realizou-se um levantamento de artigos publicados em 2020 nas bases Scopus, MedLine/PubMed e Web of Science. Inicialmente foram encontrados 665 artigos, após a leitura e aplicação dos critérios elegíveis, chegou-se ao número final de 45 artigos. Predominaram estudos epidemiológicos, observacionais, dados secundários e desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Da síntese das informações extraídas emergiram quatro agrupamentos e respectivos achados: principais eventos na população negra - alto número de óbitos e elevada taxa mortalidade; relações diretas - más condições de saúde, moradia e trabalho; relações intermediárias - baixa renda e preconceito antinegro; relações abrangentes - racismo estrutural e determinantes sociais da saúde. A identificação das disparidades raciais em saúde é uma importante constatação sobre a dinâmica da pandemia entre a população negra, porém as explicações multicausais mostraram-se limitadas. É necessário mobilizar recursos teóricos críticos dos estudos de raça e saúde para qualificar pesquisas, visando oferecer suporte em ações globais no enfrentamento da epidemia por SARS-COV2 neste grupo.
Racial and ethnic disparities in premature births among pregnant women in the NISAMI cohort, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Kelly Albuquerque de , Castro Caroline Tianeze de , Pereira Marcos , Cordeiro Rosa Cândida , Ribeiro Denize de Almeida , Rivemales Maria da Conceição Costa , Araújo Edna Maria de , Santos Djanilson Barbosa dos
Published: March 2024

Abstract The incidence of premature birth has increased worldwide, unequally distributed by race/ethnicity. Racism generates economic inequalities, educational disparities, and differential access to health care, which increases the risk of preterm birth. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with preterm birth and racial and ethnic disparities in premature birth among pregnant women attending prenatal care at the Brazilian Unified Health System health units in the urban area of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. This study used data from 938 pregnant women aged between 18 to 45 years within the NISAMI prospective cohort. Premature birth prevalence was 11.8%, with a higher prevalence among black than non-black women (12.9% versus 6.0%, respectively). Maternal age between 18 and 24 years was the only factor associated with premature birth. A higher risk of premature birth was found among black women than non-black women (RR 3.22; 95%CI 1.42-7.32). These results reveal the existence of racial and social inequalities in the occurrence of premature birth.
Sex differences in the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on health-related quality of life: a population-based study, Campinas, SP - ISACamp 2014/15
Authors: Souza Donatila Barbieri de Oliveira , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Lima Margareth Guimarães
Published: March 2024

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MD) on the adult population of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, verifying associated demographic and socioeconomic factors, and to analyze their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) according to sex. A population-based study was conducted with 2,166 individuals using data from the ISACamp 2014/15. The Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL according to MD. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression. Musculoskeletal disorders had a prevalence of 8.5% (6.7% tendonitis and 2.7% work-related musculoskeletal disorders - WMSD). Results showed a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in women, active or on leave due to illness, and in individuals with higher education levels. Moreover, reduced HRQoL scores were observed in 6 of the 8 domains, due to MD. The mental component and physical component showed greater impairment respectively among women and men after self-reported WMSD. These findings point to substantial damage from musculoskeletal disorders on the population’s HRQoL. WMSD affect the HRQoL of men and women distinctly.
Analytical assessment of clinical sensitivity and specificities of pharmaceutical rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection nasopharyngeal swab testing kits in Pakistan
Authors: Saeed U. , Uppal R. , Khan A. A. , Uppal M. R. , Piracha Z. Z. , Uppal S. R.
Published: March 2024

Abstract Despite of the global unity against COVID-19 pandemic, the threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the lives of human being is still not over. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has urged the need of rapid viral detection at earliest. To cope with gradually expanding scenario of SARS-CoV-2, accurate diagnosis is extremely crucial factor which should be noticed by international health organizations. Limited research followed by sporadic marketing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid pharmaceutical detection kits raises critical questions against quality assurance and quality control measures. Herein we aimed to interrogate effectivity and specificity analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical rapid detection kits (nasopharyngeal swab based) using conventional gold standard triple target real-time polymerase chain reaction (USFDA approved). A cross-sectional study was conducted over 1500 suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients. 100 real time-PCR confirmed patients were evaluated for pharmaceutical RDT kits based upon nasopharyngeal swab based kits. The SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab based rapid diagnostic kit (NSP RDTs) analysis showed 78% reactivity. Among real time PCR confirmed negative subjects, 49.3% represented false positivity. The positive predictive analysis revealed 67.82%, while negative predictive values were 64.40%. The NSP RDTs showed limited sensitivities and specificities as compared to gold standard real time PCR. Valid and authentic detection of SARS-CoV-2 is deemed necessary for accurate COVID-19 surveillance across the globe. Current study highlights the potential consequences of inadequate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging novel mutants, compromising vaccine preventable diseases. Current study emphasizes need to wake higher authorities including strategic organizations for designing adequate measures to prevent future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against Escherichia coli strains isolated from meat products
Authors: Santos B. , Farias J. H. A. , Simões M. M. , Medeiros M. A. A. , Alves M. S. , Diniz A. F. , Soares A. P. O. , Cavalcante A. P. T. M. , Silva B. J. N. , Almeida J. C. S. , Lemos J. O. , Rocha L. E. S. , Santos L. C. , Azevedo M. L. G. , Vieira S. W. F. , Araújo V. E. , Oliveira Filho A. A.
Published: March 2024

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen.
Amphibians and reptiles of the Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista – Itaipu Dam, state of Paraná, southern Brazil
Authors: Vicente-Ferreira Gabriel S. , do Nascimento Eloize F. , Batista Camila S. , Kardush Tarik A. , Reyes Kathia L.B. , Garey Michel V.
Published: March 2024

Abstract Information regarding species occurrence is fundamental to understanding biodiversity distribution. However, the biodiversity from the west of the state of Paraná has been historically less studied, especially amphibians and reptiles. For this reason, we present the first reptile list of species from the west of the state of Paraná and extend the current list of anurans for the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu. The species list was based on a systematic field study conducted at Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista (RBV) a conservation area within the Hydroelectric Power Itaipu Binacional. We integrated the species list with previous species observations available in the literature for the same place where our sampling was conducted. A total of 41 species of amphibians and reptiles are presented. All amphibians species found were recorded in the field; however, from the 22 species of reptiles recorded, three were historical records obtained before this study. Species were all classified as Least Concern and/or had stable populational status according to the IUCN. Sampling sufficiency was achieved for anurans but not for reptiles, probably due to low abundance of several snake species. The most abundant species of anuran was Dendropsophus nanus, from the Hylidae family, whereas Leptodactylus plaumanni and Scinax squalirostris were represented by only one individual each. The lizard Salvator merianae was the most abundant reptile, and seven species were represented by only one individual each. The most successful sampling method for adult anurans was active search in water bodies whereas most of reptile species were observed by accidental encounters and not through a systematic sampling method. We found that herpetofauna composition from RBV was similar to other communities from Paraná state that also occur within the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Finally, as additional information to the species list, we offer species identification keys and discuss the importance of Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista to harbor the anuran and reptile diversity of the region.
The paradigm shift in treatment of severe venous thromboembolism
Authors: Rossi Fábio Henrique , Osse Francisco José , Thorpe Patricia Ellen
Published: March 2024

Abstract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death and the main cause of preventable in-hospital death in the world. The PERT® (Pulmonary Embolism Response Team) concept involves multidisciplinary diagnosis and immediate treatment. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the initial cause of most cases of PE and is responsible for complications such as chronic thromboembolic recurrence, postthrombotic syndrome, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. An aggressive approach to severe cases of iliofemoral DVT similar to the PERT® system can not only reduce the immediate risk of PE and death but can also reduce later sequelae. New percutaneous techniques and mechanical thrombectomy devices for venous thromboembolism (VTE) have shown encouraging clinical results. We propose the development of an expanded concept of rapid response to VTE, which involves not only PE (PERT®) but also severe cases of DVT: the Venous Thromboembolism Response Team (VTERT®).
Vascular resistance index and the immediate hemodynamic success of lower limb distal artery revascularization
Authors: Caldas Rebecca Paes de Andrade Souza , Lins Esdras Marques , Buril Gabriela de Oliveira , Rocha Fernanda Appolônio , Silva Emmanuelle Tenório Albuquerque Godoi Berenguer de Barros e , Andrade Larissa Barbosa de , Cavalcanti Camilla Lins da Cunha , Carvalho Guilherme Barros Alves de
Published: March 2024

Abstract Background Revascularization surgery is used to attempt to restore blood flow to the foot in patients with critical ischemia (CI) caused by peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs (LL). Ultrasonography with Doppler (USD) SAH emerged in recent years as a highly valuable method for planning this surgical intervention. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the resistance index (RI), measured with USD, and immediate hemodynamic success of LL revascularization surgery in patients with CI. Methods The study design was a prospective cohort assessing 46 patients with LL CLI who underwent operations to perform infrainguinal revascularization by angioplasty or bypass from August 2019 to February 2022. All patients underwent preoperative clinical vascular assessment with USD including measurement of the RI of distal LL arteries, LL arteriography, and measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). All patients had their ABI measured again in the immediate postoperative period. Results Forty-six patients were assessed, 25 (54.3%) of whom were male. Age varied from 32 to 89 years (mean: 67.83). Hemodynamic success was assessed by comparison of preoperative and postoperative ABI, showing that hemodynamic success was achieved in 31 (67.4%) patients after revascularization surgery (ABI increased by 0.15 or more). A positive correlation (p ≤ 0.05) was observed between the RI of the distal revascularized LL artery and immediate hemodynamic success assessed by ABI (lower RI and hemodynamic success). Conclusions This study observed a positive correlation between the resistance index of the distal artery and immediate hemodynamic success of lower limb revascularizations, as assessed by the ankle-brachial index, so that the lower the RI the greater the hemodynamic success achieved.
Breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder: case-control study
Authors: Silva Victor Bruno da , Alves Fernanda Dias , Cezar Ionara Aparecida Mendes , Bandeira Laura Vicuna Santos , Oliveira Stéffany Lara Nunes , Rezende Luiz Fernando de , Saeger Vanessa Souza de Araújo , Freire Rafael Silveira , Silveira Marise Fagundes
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. Methods: this is a case-control study carried out in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which included 248 children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD (case group) and 886 children and adolescents without a diagnosis of ASD (control group).Interviews were conducted with the mothers of children and adolescents and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. For data analysis, a multiple logistic regression model was adopted. The magnitude of associations was estimated by the odds ratio (OR). Three multiple models were fitted: Model 1: presence or absence of breastfeeding; Model 2: duration of breastfeeding; Model 3: duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: ASD was associated with the absence of breastfeeding in the three adjusted models: Model 1: OR=2.1, CI95%=1.1-4.1; Model 2: OR=2.3, CI95%=1.2-4.5; Model 3: OR=2.3, CI95%=1.2-4.5. Conclusions: individuals with ASD were more likely to have not received breastfeeding, however, due to the nature of case control studies, it cannot be stated that breastfeeding prevents ASD. Conducting a cohort study may clarify this relationship.
António Sérgio e as causas da decadência: o parasitismo ibérico visto dos dois lados do Atlântico circa 1910
Authors: Príncipe João
Published: March 2024

RESUMO O intelectual português António Sérgio (1883-1969) destacou-se pela sua interpretação cosmopolita da história de Portugal, se contrapondo às tentativas de instrumentalização nacionalista da história, em particular daquelas que viam na Expansão uma ação coletiva virtuosa. O presente artigo analisa o início desse seu trabalho interpretativo revisitando a polêmica com Jaime Cortesão (circa 1910), para mostrar como o próprio percurso cosmopolita de Sérgio favoreceu a incorporação de inspirações críticas de autores de outras nacionalidades, sobretudo intelectuais brasileiros seus contemporâneos, os quais se opunham ao determinismo rácico, misturando, como ele, as preocupações pedagógicas com as da compreensão histórica, assim como acreditando que os males nacionais, em boa parte comuns por comum ser a história, se resolveriam pela educação. Essas preocupações inscreviam-se num pensamento de matriz organicista, tingida de ideais liberais e socialistas, cuja dimensão sociológica relevamos.
Tráfico humano: uma discussão que precisa da História
Authors: Venson Anamaria Marcon , Pedro Joana Maria
Published: March 2024

RESUMO O tráfico humano, assunto fortemente midiatizado na virada dos anos 2000 e 2010, voltou a ter repercussão pública em âmbito nacional durante a campanha política para a presidência da República em 2022, na fala de Damares Alves, correligionária do então candidato à reeleição Jair Bolsonaro. Neste artigo, analisamos a potência sedutora da temática e mostramos o efeito desastroso de entendimentos moralizantes a respeito do deslocamento de mulheres para a inserção no mercado sexual. Nossa perspectiva encontra estudos antropológicos como, por exemplo, os de Jo Doezema, Adriana Piscitelli e Marcia Sprandel. Analisamos inquéritos policiais e processos criminais datados de entre 1995 e 2012 - período em que o tráfico de pessoas para exploração sexual se tornou uma questão no Brasil -, motivados pela seguinte provocação: se todos somos contra a exploração sexual, o que temos em comum com Damares Alves?
Análise da produção científica do Programa Antártico Brasileiro (PROANTAR)
Authors: Araújo Paula Carina de , Pinho Roberto Dantas de , Kaled Andrea Canela da Cruz
Published: March 2024

Resumo Analisa a produção científica do Programa Antártico Brasileiro a partir de indicadores de produção e ligação a ela relacionados. Desenvolve uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliométrica em sete etapas. Utiliza os dados obtidos por meio do Arquivo da Marinha do Brasil, dados públicos do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, o Currículo Lattes, o ORCiD e a Global Research Identifier Database como fontes de dados para a identificação dos pesquisadores do programa, o que levou a um total de 3.660 nomes identificados. As bases de dados Lens, Scopus e Web of Science são utilizadas para coleta de dados da produção científica identificada por meio desta pesquisa. Apresenta a análise de 1.242 artigos. O ano de 2021, a área de Biologia e o periódico científico Polar Biology, da Alemanha, apresentam o maior número de publicações no corpus analisado. A Universidade de São Paulo também se destaca pelo número de publicações. A primeira palavra mais frequente é Antarctic e a principal relação de colaboração acontece entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. A análise revelou o desenvolvimento sólido e estratégico do programa, sua maturidade e a importante contribuição da ciência brasileira para a pesquisa Antártica. Os indicadores e a sua contextualização contribuem para refletir o percurso do programa no sentido da consolidação da gestão da informação científica para a promoção de políticas científicas. A síntese dos resultados apresentados evidencia que os investimentos em projetos de pesquisa têm sido aplicados em pesquisas e conhecimento científico que têm impactado a ciência Antártica.
Open government data: maturity diagnosis model for quality data published on the web
Authors: Macedo Dirceu Flavio , Lemos Daniela Lucas da Silva
Published: March 2024

Abstract Increased interest in open government data initiatives stems from long debates about state modernization. This study investigates the challenges imposed on public administration regarding data publishing from an open data perspective to propose a maturity diagnosis model for open data portals, aiming at the provision of in-depth, consistent, efficient, and transparent government information. The research comprised three phases. Firstly, we conducted a pre-test on open data portals from the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil and Ireland, motivated by studies on the history of the open data movement as well as the current panorama of initiatives, evolution stages and challenges, which defined the fundamental analytical dimensions for the proposed maturity model. Secondly, we developed a maturity diagnosis model for open government data portals. Finally, the model was applied and validated on the pre-tested portals. Results from the diagnosis instrument can guide public administration in realizing a more efficient and responsible data governance, benefiting the government, the open data movement and civil society.
INNOVAR EN UNA ESCUELA VULNERABLE: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN-ACCIÓN
Authors: Garrido-Fonseca Carmen Gloria , Valdés-Morales René , Parra-Vásquez Beatriz
Published: March 2024

Resumen Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es contribuir al desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras mediante la instalación de un laboratorio de experimentación pedagógica (LAP) en una escuela vulnerable en Chile. Siguiendo los principios de la investigación-acción, se realizaron 15 actividades formativas sobre prácticas innovadoras y se instaló una sala especializada. En paralelo, se hicieron entrevistas, grupos focales y evaluaciones de proceso. Los resultados muestran: (1) el potencial del cambio pedagógico; (2) nuevas formas de habitar el espacio de clases; (3) la valoración de la experimentación pedagógica. Se concluye que la innovación debe ser un proyecto de escuela y debe promover una perspectiva amplia para entender el aprendizaje.
Profile of technology-dependent children and adolescents in a referral pediatric hospital in the south of the country
Authors: Sala Mariana Ceolin Tessele , Anders Jane Cristina , Pina Juliana Coelho , Okido Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli , Souza Ana Izabel Jatobá de
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective to identify the profile of technology-dependent children and adolescents at a pediatric referral hospital in southern Brazil. Method a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data was collected by analyzing medical records between January 2016 and December 2019 and stored in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for descriptive statistical analysis. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee under protocol number 5.115.194. Results: The prevalence was male (50.8%), pre-school age (30.8%), from Greater Florianópolis (60.1%). The most frequent diagnoses were related to prematurity/neonatal period, congenital anomalies/genetic defects, and neurological and/or neuromuscular diseases, corresponding to 37%, 33.2%, and 18.5%. The most commonly used technological devices were gastrostomy (56.3%) and tracheostomy (36.6%). 93.4% used continuous medication and 49.2% used four or more medications. Mothers were the main caregivers (80.9%). There were 31 deaths during the period. Conclusion and implications for practice this group has a high demand for care due to the main diagnosis, technological devices, medications, and possible complications. Identifying the profile of technology-dependent children and adolescents has helped to increase the visibility of a population that is constantly growing and thus provides comprehensive care according to their specific needs.
Determinantes Sociais da Saúde dentro e fora de casa: captura de uma nova abordagem
Authors: Ribeiro Kelen Gomes , Andrade Luiz Odorico Monteiro de , Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Raquel Sheila Pires , Munoz Toa Leonor , Santos Cardoza
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS), em área periférica de uma capital brasileira, sob a perspectiva de atores sociais e políticos da região. Baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa, com 45 participantes, entre trabalhadores do setor saúde; de sede administrativa regional; vereadores, líderes religiosos e representantes de entidades organizadas do Grande Bom Jardim, Fortaleza (CE). Utilizou-se de análise documental, de grupo focal e de entrevista semiestruturada. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, englobando as categorias dos DSS e os temas gerais ‘dentro e fora de casa’, analisados com base nas representações sociais. As mudanças positivas se evidenciaram no tema ‘dentro das casas’ dos moradores: alimentação, melhorias advindas de benefícios da política de assistência social, aumento do abastecimento de água e de energia elétrica. No tema ‘fora das casas’, a influência negativa na saúde destacou-se com baixo índice de cobertura de saneamento básico, insuficiência na oferta de transporte público e insegurança. Propõe-se a inclusão de temas sobre segurança, energia elétrica, mobilidade urbana, assistência social e saneamento básico para subsidiar novos estudos sobre determinação social e elaboração de medidas que contribuam para a promoção da saúde e equidade social nos territórios urbanos.
Integração ensino-serviço-comunidade: perspectivas do Comitê Gestor Local do Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública Ensino-Saúde
Authors: Negrini Lisamara Dias de Oliveira , Rossit Rosana Aparecida Salvador
Published: March 2024

Com o objetivo de compreender o desenvolvimento da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade (Iesc) no município de Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, por meio do Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública Ensino-Saúde (Coapes), realizou-se um estudo de caso. Uma amostra intencional com dez integrantes do Comitê Gestor Local que participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em ambiente virtual, gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Os relatos passaram por análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e os resultados indicaram que a condução da Iesc e do Coapes foi bem-sucedida. A sustentabilidade e os êxitos da contratualização estão relacionados a estratégias, como aproximação, diálogo institucional, igualdade de valor e transparência, provenientes de discussões técnicas, compreensão do processo, escolha do formato, sensibilização e engajamento dos atores. A combinação desses elementos, aliada a novos projetos e atitudes, aponta caminhos para a consolidação da Iesc no território, que apresenta desafios a serem superados.
La crisis de cuidados en primera persona. Un estudio con mujeres cuidadoras de sectores populares del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina
Authors: Moguillansky Marina , Duek Carolina
Published: March 2024

La pandemia visibilizó la crisis de los cuidados, que se manifestaba en la falta de políticas de cuidado para la primera infancia, para ancianos y personas con discapacidad. En este trabajo se explora la crisis de los cuidados desde la perspectiva de las mujeres que cuidan, utilizando el enfoque biográfico con entrevistas que reconstruyen sus experiencias de cuidar a otros durante la pandemia. Se elaboró la narrativa de cuatro mujeres de sectores populares que trabajan como cuidadoras de niños/as y/o ancianos (y que además realizan tareas de cuidado en sus hogares). En el análisis destacamos el impacto de la pandemia en sus trayectorias laborales, las formas del cuidado durante el aislamiento y las dificultades que tuvieron que enfrentar. La situación informal en el trabajo se revela como un agravante de las condiciones vulnerables de estas mujeres.
O racismo e o sexismo na trajetória das estudantes de Medicina negras: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Martins Mirian Teresa de Sá Leitão , Taquette Stella Regina
Published: March 2024

Alunas negras do curso de Medicina são minoria e enfrentam diversos obstáculos durante a formação por serem mulheres negras. Objetivou-se sintetizar o conhecimento produzido em estudos empíricos sobre a discriminação racial e de gênero que sofrem estudantes de Medicina negras no curso. Realizamos uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados do PubMed e BVS. Foram analisados em profundidade cinquenta estudos classificados em três categorias temáticas: I- O preconceito racial sistêmico-estrutural e estruturante; II- O racismo como um dos fatores da iniquidade na educação médica; e III- O racismo genderizado vivenciado pelas estudantes negras. Concluiu-se que, nas escolas médicas, um espaço social com baixa diversidade étnica/racial e atravessado pelo racismo estrutural, as estudantes negras são discriminadas pela intersecção das dinâmicas de raça, gênero e classe social.
EVALUATING LACTOFERRIN AND CALPROTECTIN AS MARKERS OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION INCHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: CARVENTE Claudia Teresa , FERRAZ Maria Lúcia Cardoso Gomes , TOLEDO Carlos Fischer de
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Background: The treatment of chronic pancreatitis does not consistently solve intestinal abnormalities, and despite the implementation of various therapeutic measures, patients often continue to experience persistent diarrhea. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize that diarrhea may stem from factors beyond pancreatic insufficiency, and intestinal inflammation emerges as a potential contributing factor. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin levels as indicators of intestinal inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis experiencing persistent diarrhea. Methods: In this study, 23 male patients with chronic pancreatitis primarily attributed to alcohol consumption and presenting with diarrhea (classified as Bristol stool scale type 6 or 7), underwent a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical and nutritional status. Fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin levels were measured utilizing immunoassay techniques. Results: The average age of the participants was 54.8 years, 43.5% had diabetes, and 73.9% were smokers. Despite receiving enzyme replacement therapy and refraining from alcohol for over 4 years, all participants exhibited persistent diarrhea, accompanied by elevated calprotectin and lactoferrin levels indicative of ongoing intestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore that intestinal inflammation, as evidenced by elevated fecal biomarkers calprotectin and lactoferrin, may contribute to explaining the persistence of diarrhea in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
PREDICTORS OF FAILURE OF ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY IN CLEARING BILE DUCT STONES DURING INDEX PROCEDURE - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: KAMUNI Abhishek , KUMAR Lohith , GIRI Suprabhat , ANGADI Sumaswi , NANJEGOWDA Sunil Kumar , BHRUGUMALLA Sukanya
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Background: Common bile duct (CBD) stones are known to complicate 10-15% of gallstone diseases. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the therapeutic modality of choice for bile duct clearance in CBD stones but may fail to achieve stone clearance. This prospective study was done to identify the predictors of failure of CBD clearance with ERCP. Objective: This prospective study was done to identify the predictors of failure of CBD clearance with ERCP. Methods: All consecutive patients with bile duct stones undergoing ERCP at a tertiary care center were prospectively included from October 2020 to October 2021. The study’s primary outcome was to identify and analyze factors that could predict the failure of complete CBD clearance. Results: A total of 120 patients (50.8% males, median age: 53.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Successful clearance of CBD stones during the index procedure was achieved in 70% of patients. At a cut-off stone diameter of >10.5 mm and CBD diameter of >12.5 mm, the AUC was 0.890 and 0.884, respectively, to predict failed clearance of CBD. On multivariate analysis, stone diameter ≥15 mm [odds ratio (OR) 16.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.629-176.785], location of stones in hepatic ducts (OR 7.74, 95%CI: 2.041-29.332), presence of stricture distal to stone (OR 6.99, 95%CI: 1.402-34.726) and impacted stone (OR 21.61, 95%CI: 1.84-253.058) were independent predictors of failed bile duct clearance. Conclusion: Stone size and location are independent predictors of failed bile duct clearance. The endoscopist should consider these factors while subjecting a patient to biliary ductal clearance to plan additional intervention.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF THE RAPID TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN PATIENTS THAT DIDN’T UNDERGO PREVIOUS ERADICATION THERAPY AND WHO WENT THROUGH ENDOSCOPY
Authors: ROVARIS Gianluca Z , BACK João V , RONCHI-COLOMBO Maria Paula , ROSA Vitória S , CARDOSO Manoel C B , BERGER Emilio C
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is widely spread globally and is known to cause potentially serious diseases. Several diagnostic methods exist to identify and treat carriers of this bacterium. Serological tests for the diagnosis of infection are based on the detection of antibodies immunoglobulin G against H. pylori, a non-invasive, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform option. Objective: This research aims to ascertain the accuracy of an immunochromatographic serological test to verify the feasibility of using this method in patients who have not undergone previous eradication therapy. Methods: Rapid tests and questionnaires were applied to 53 patients that underwent upper digestive endoscopy with research for H. pylori between the period of September and October 2021. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: In the rapid tests, seven positive and 46 negative results were obtained. When compared with the gold standard, the following values were described: sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 85.7%, and negative predictive value 89.1%. Conclusion: In the present study, the immunochromatographic serological tests had an accuracy close to the values found in other similar studies. Therefore, it may be concluded that the rapid serological test remains a reasonable choice for screening large populations due to its low cost and ease of application, especially in those individuals who have not undergone previous treatment.
HOSPITALIZATION, USE OF BIOLOGICS AND SURGERY RATES IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A SINGLE-CENTRE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN A TERTIARY UNIT FROM LATIN AMERICA
Authors: ZACHARIAS Patrícia , MAGRO Daniéla Oliveira , PERUSSOLO Milena , BARAÚNA Fernanda da Silva Barbosa , KOTZE Paulo Gustavo
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have rising incidence and prevalence rates globally. In IBD, there are scarce studies comparing differences between patients according to socioeconomic status. Our aim was to comparatively evaluate hospitalizations, use of biologics and rates of surgery in patients with IBD between public and private healthcare systems. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study in patients with IBD from a tertiary referral unit from Latin America, between 2015 and 2021. CD and UC patients were classified into two subgroups: public and private systems. Demographic characteristics, hospitalizations, need for surgery and biologics were compared. Results: A total of 500 patients were included, 322 with CD and 178 with UC. CD-related hospitalizations were frequently observed in both healthcare systems (76.28% in private and 67.46% in public). More than half of the patients had been submitted to one or more CD-related abdominal surgery, with no significant difference between the subgroups. Although there was no difference in the rates of use of biological therapy in CD subgroups, infliximab was more used in the public setting (57.69% vs 43.97%). There was no difference in UC-related hospitalizations between the subgroups (public 30.69% and private 37.66%) as well as the rates of colectomy (public: 16.83%, private: 19.48%). Biologics were prescribed almost twice as often in private as compared to public (45.45 vs 22.77%). Conclusion: There were no differences in the rates of hospitalization and abdominal surgery between the systems. In patients with UC, there was greater use of biological therapy in the private healthcare setting.
Cotas para negros, encontro de saberes para indígenas: gramáticas da inclusão étnico-racial no ensino superior
Authors: Medaets Chantal , Arruti José Maurício , Almeida Ana Maria Fonseca de
Published: March 2024

A presença indígena no ensino superior brasileiro aumentou significativamente na última década. Explorando o caso da Unicamp, que implementou um vestibular indígena em 2018, como parte de um programa mais amplo de ações afirmativas, examinamos o processo que levou à sua criação, as conexões e diferenças com o debate sobre cotas para negros, assim como a articulação com a arena nacional e internacional sobre ações afirmativas no ensino superior.
Mathematical modeling of gas dynamics and off-gas post-combustion above the melt in a melter-gasifier furnace
Authors: Erokhov T. V. , Levitskii I. A. , Podgorodetskii G. S. , Gorbunov V. B.
Published: March 2024

Organization of technological process and design of a furnace significantly affect the parameters of post-combustion, determining the need to develop a mathematical model of post-combustion zone. Modeling of gas dynamics, chemical reactions, convective diffusion and heat transfer in the gas phase above the melt was carried out in an experimental melter-gasifier furnace at three different values of mass flow rates and two positions of post-combustion tuyeres. Temperature distributions and off-gas components concentrations were obtained. It was found that at the lower position of the tuyere, post-combustion is carried out in the area of reflected jet, stagnant zones are formed around the tuyere and between the reflected jet and the melt surface, which decrease the post-combustion level. At the upper position of the tuyere, post-combustion occurs inside the primary jet, intensive mixing of all components of the furnace atmosphere occurs, post-combustion undergoes more completely, which leads to an increase in the off-gases temperature with an increase in uniformity of temperature fields and concentrations compared with the lower position of the tuyere. At the lower position of the tuyere, the flame zone turns out to be open, its shape significantly depends on the mass flow, and the flame zone volume increases with an increase in the mass flow. At the upper position of the tuyere, the flame zone is closed, with an increase in the mass flow, its shape does not change, but the flame zone volume decreases. For reduction processes in slag melt, the upper position of the tuyere is preferable, while for production of the producer gas at the furnace outlet, position of the tuyere closer to the melt surface is preferable.
Joint processing of perovskite and ilmenite concentrates. Part 1. Chemical-mineralogical (material) characteristics of perovskite and ilmenite concentrates
Authors: Fedorov S. A. , Udoeva L. Yu. , Vusikhis A. S. , Pikulin K. V. , Cherepanova L. A.
Published: March 2024

Russia has an impressive titanium mineral resource while the contribution into the global production of titanium concentrates is quite insignificant. The current annual demand of Russian enterprises for titanium raw materials is 40 times higher than its production. To improve and launch the processing of domestic titanium raw materials characterized by low quality and complex polymineral composition, new process solutions are required. These solutions should aim at the full extraction of TiO2 and related valuable components from the ore deposits whose development is planned or already started (for example, Afrikanda – perovskite-titanomagnetite deposit located on the Kola Peninsula). This report presents the results of studying the chemical and mineral compositions of perovskite and ilmenite concentrates with the purpose to assess the possibility of their joint processing using carbothermic reduction melting. Emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectral microanalysis were applied in these studies. It was found that the basis of the ilmenite gravity concentrate sample is modified ilmenite represented by leucoxenization products – pseudorutile and rutile, with their total content in the concentrate to be about 80 wt. %. Composition of other minerals (alumochromite, chromite, magnetite) includes titanium in the form of impurities – 2 – 3 wt. %. In the perovskite flotation concentrate sample titanium is contained in perovskite and titanite making up the bulk of the ore minerals of the concentrate. As for rare and rare-earth elements contained in the ilmenite sample – monazite having up to 33 wt. % Ce, and zircon were found. Perovskite sample contains rare-earth elements (REE concentration in wt. %) in loparite-(Ce) (22.8), aluminocerite-(Ce) (46.2), anсylite-(Ce) (51.3), torite (22.3), as well as in the main mineral – perovskite (2.8). With the exception of perovskite and loparite-(Ce), other REE-containing minerals are rare, and their share in total does not exceed 1 wt. %
Improvement of the Cantor alloy’s mechanical properties by alloying with niobium and zirconium
Authors: Gromov V. E. , Konovalov S. V. , Efimov M. O. , Panchenko I. A. , Chen X.
Published: March 2024

Created in 2004, the high-entropy (HEA) five-component Cantor alloy CoCrFeNiMn is still in the focus of attention of researchers in the field of physical materials science due to a good combination of strength and plastic properties, which open up prospects for its use in various high-tech industries. We performed a brief review of recent publications by domestic and foreign researchers on improving the mechanical properties of the Cantor alloy by alloying with niobium and zirconium, which proved themselves well in alloying traditional alloys. Zirconium alloying leads to a lower melting point due to the formation of eutectic with all elements of the Cantor alloy. Alloying with niobium atoms in the range of 0 – 16 at. % ensures the formation of a volume fraction of the Laves phases and σ–phase up to 42 %, which, in turn, is responsible for a fivefold increase in the yield strength from 202 to 1010 MPa. The work on the joint alloying of the Cantor alloy with Zr + Ti + Y2O3 , Nb + C, Nb + V systems was analyzed. With complex alloying, the mechanical properties are significantly improved. The paper reveals and discusses the physical mechanisms of hardening. Microalloying of 0.2 % Nb alloy with 1.3 % C provides an excellent combination of yield strength (~1096 MPa) and elongation (~12 %) after annealing at 700 °C.