bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estados, governança global e as mudanças na matriz energética mundial: uma análise sob a perspectiva das ‘instituições como regimes’
Authors: Ebeling Francisco
Published: March 2021

O aquecimento global e as suas mazelas implicam na necessidade de alterar radicalmente a matriz energética do mundo. Em um momento de aparente euforia com os investimentos em energia renovável, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, com base na perspectiva das “instituições como regimes” (Streeck e Thelen, 2009), se o lócus central das mudanças será a dimensão mundial (governança global) ou se os Estados nacionais (governança estatal) carregarão esta responsabilidade. A este nível de governança, é mais fácil taxar o carbono ou subsidiar a transição para fontes de energia renovável. Se ao nível da governança global os ‘rule takers’ conseguem reescrever as regras a seu favor ou são eles próprios os ‘rule makers’, ao nível da governança estatal os ‘rule makers’ conseguem domar, com maior facilidade, os interesses dos ‘rule takers’. Neste nível de governança, ainda, a sociedade civil ou a política tradicional – que definimos como ‘rule takers’ – pode influenciar com maior facilidade essa trajetória, de baixo para cima. Por fim, argumentamos que os interesses econômicos, políticos e geopolíticos dos grandes atores do cenário global – como China e Estados Unidos – geram ‘externalidades de rede’ sobre os regimes de governança global, tornando mais fácil o cumprimento de metas para outros países. No entanto, a mudança será do tipo ‘state led’, e não ‘regime led’.
Las políticas laborales y las relaciones de trabajo durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio
Authors: Carracedo Fabián , Senatore Luis
Published: March 2021

Las acciones políticas emprendidas en materia laboral por los gobiernos del Frente Amplio configuraron un mapa de relaciones laborales significativamente opuesto al representado en la década de los noventa de flexibilización y desregulación laboral. En efecto, desde 2005 se observa un proceso de fortalecimiento de las institucionales laborales que ha repercutido en los niveles de ingresos y condiciones de vida de gran parte de la población. En concreto, el presente trabajo tiene como cometido describir las políticas laborales y las relaciones de trabajo a la vista de las transformaciones experimentadas durante los gobiernos de Tabaré Vázquez (2005-2010) y de José Mujica (2010-2015).
A trajetória histórica da construção da capacidade tributária brasileira
Authors: Rodrigues Marque da Silva Roberta
Published: March 2021

Buscamos identificar as principais mudanças observadas na trajetória da extração tributária no Brasil. Argumentamos que a ampliação da capacidade de extração tributária, acompanhada por sua complexidade e sua regressividade, resultou de escolhas feitas pelos governos diante das conjunturas críticas abertas nos diferentes estágios da construção da trajetória institucional. As características atuais da carga tributária brasileira resultam de decisões governamentais que visavam ampliar a capacidade tributária, ao mesmo tempo em que buscavam acomodar as demandas pelo estabelecimento de políticas públicas de caráter desenvolvimentista, por meio da proliferação de impostos e contribuições, sem atenção ao seu caráter regressivo.
Concentração empresarial nas exportações do complexo soja no Paraguai (2000-2016)
Authors: Dos Santos Welilngton , Wesz Junior Valdemar
Published: March 2021

Nas últimas décadas, a produção de soja se tornou a principal atividade agrícola no Paraguai. O objetivo deste trabalho é mensurar o grau de concentração empresarial nas exportações do complexo soja (grão, óleo e farelo) e o poder de mercado das firmas entre 2000 e 2016 no Paraguai. Para tanto, teremos como base três indicadores: Market Share (MS), Relação de Concentração (RC) e Índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH), que serão calculados a partir dos dados obtidos junto à Direção Nacional de Aduanas (Ministério de Fazenda do Paraguai). Os resultados apontam que o complexo soja,setor com maior peso nas exportações paraguaias, depende fundamentalmente de um pequeno número de grandes empresas transnacionais.
Avaliação de políticas públicas nas economias dependentes: uma proposta metodológica
Authors: Graciano Geque Eduardo , La Rovere Renata , Castro Nivaldo
Published: March 2021

O estudo da avaliação de políticas públicas nas economias dependentes foi desenvolvido com o intuito de analisar as metodologias usadas para a avaliação das políticas públicas nessas economias, através da revisão da literatura. O estudo reforça a ideia de que tanto as metodologias positivistas, como as pós-positivistas da avaliação de políticas são importantes na avaliação de políticas públicas, pelo enfoque diferenciado que cada uma delas faz. Em segundo lugar, propõe que nas economias dependentes o avaliador esteja atento para apurar se não houve influências externas no ato da tomada de decisão sobre as políticas públicas, o que neste estudo se denominou relações informais de poder.
Public goods as drivers of growth and development
Authors: Franco Punzo Lionello
Published: March 2021

This paper frames a broader reconstruction of the evolution of our understanding of the dynamics of an economy through the role assigned to a variety of Pure and Non Pure Public Goods(NPPGs) as development drivers and value creators. It outlinesthe convergence of two distinct, though major theoretical traditions: the theories of growth/development, on one side, and the debate over role and efficiency of State/Vertical Integrated Firms v/s Market in the provision of goods. Coase (1932) put forward a theory of why either one prevails, as a function of a broad category of transaction costs.
Constitucionalismo partisano de derecha en el Chile contemporáneo
Authors: Muñoz Fernando
Published: March 2021

Este artículo propone el concepto de constitucionalismo partisano a fin de comprender la manera en que las instituciones y procedimientos del constitucionalismo moderno son utilizadas en la consecución de objetivos partisanos de corto y largo plazo. Se ilustra este concepto mediante un estudio de estrategias de constitucionalismo partisano empleadas por la derecha en la política chilena contemporánea.
Nanoparticle characterization of HOMOEO AGROCARE (Agro Homeopathic Drug) by HRTEM and EDS analysis
Authors: Edacheril Rajendran Scaria
Published: March 2021

Background: Use of Homeopathy as a therapeutic tool is still very nascent in plant science and agriculture. Therapies used for plant growth and diseases are not relevant for plants alone, but they also drastically influence the ecosystem of the organic world too. Use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers was a boon during the initial phase of green revolution around the world. Unfortunately, later they became the major reason of chronic illnesses like cancers and a cause for soil degradation all over. Current scenario demands the use of alternative models in agricultural practices in-order to prevent diseases and to maintain the health status of the population. This is also very important to get rid of the damages done to the soil.

Aims: Present study aimed at analyzing the material content of the agro homeopathic drug, ‘Homeo agrocare’.

Methdology: High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) was used to evaluate the material content of the drug.

Results: (1) the drug solution contains plenty of nanoparticles (NPs). (2) the size of NPs ranges between 4.99nm - 120nm. (3) Twenty elements were identified in the fields studied.

Conclusion: Study conclusively proved the presence of NPs of the original drug materials used in the ‘Homoeo agrocare’ drug solution. The presence of NPs of the original drug substances suggest that the drug action of ‘Homoeo agrocare’ in plants is due to the epigenetic modifications initiated by the NPs in the plant genetics.
Preparation of Coronavirus nosodes sourced from a clinical sample of SARS-Cov-2 positive patient, inactivated strain, and spike glycoprotein
Authors: Mukherjee Sandeepan , Talele Gitanjali , Chowdhary Abhay , Vaidya Shashikant , Deshmukh Rajesh , Rawal Rakesh , Shah Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Nosodes, the homeopathic preparations sourced from biological materials including clinical samples, cultures of organisms, and diseased tissues have been in use against the source-specific infections as well as other diseases. The nosodes have demonstrated some efficacy in managing epidemics, such as influenza, dengue, and leptospirosis. This article presents the need and process of development of nosodes from the SARS-CoV-2 to explore its prophylactic and therapeutic potentials against certain related viral diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A clinical sample of SARS-Cov-2 positive patient, based on the cycle threshold (CT) value of the qRT-PCR, heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, and spike glycoprotein all were processed for making nosodes as per the method described in Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India. Molecular tests, such as qRT- PCR and sterility tests were performed to establish the live organisms, RNA material, and the absence of contamination.

RESULT

Three variants of Coronavirus Nosode were developed using a clinical sample, heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, and spike glycoprotein. In potencies 3c and above, no detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA material was found by PCR. The analytical results for nosodes were reported as compliant for sterility testing as per the IP.

CONCLUSION

Three variants of Coronavirus nosodes were prepared which need to be evaluated further through pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Frictional properties and microstructural evolution of dry and wet calcite–dolomite gouges
Authors: Demurtas Matteo , Smith Steven A.F. , Spagnuolo Elena , Di Toro Giulio
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Calcite and dolomite are the two most common minerals in carbonate-bearing faults and shear zones. Motivated by observations of exhumed seismogenic faults in the Italian Central Apennines, we used a rotary-shear apparatus to investigate the frictional and microstructural evolution of ca. 3 mm thick gouge layers consisting of 50 wt % calcite and 50 wt % dolomite. The gouges were sheared at a range of slip rates (30 µm s−1–1 m s−1), displacements (0.05–0.4 m), and a normal load of 17.5 MPa under both room-humidity and water-dampened conditions. The frictional behaviour and microstructural evolution of the gouges were strongly influenced by the presence of water. At room humidity, slip strengthening was observed up to slip rates of 0.01 m s−1, which was associated with gouge dilation and the development of a 500–900 µm wide slip zone cut by Y-, R-, and R1-shear bands. Above a slip rate of 0.1 m s−1, dynamic weakening accompanied the development of a localised < 100 µm thick principal slip zone preserving microstructural evidence for calcite recrystallisation and dolomite decarbonation, while the bulk gouges developed a well-defined foliation consisting of organised domains of heavily fractured calcite and dolomite. In water-dampened conditions, evidence of gouge fluidisation within a fine-grained principal slip zone was observed at a range of slip rates from 30 µm s−1 to 0.1 m s−1, suggesting that caution is needed when relating fluidisation textures to seismic slip in natural fault zones. Dynamic weakening in water-dampened conditions was observed at 1 m s−1, where the principal slip zone was characterised by patches of recrystallised calcite. However, local fragmentation and reworking of recrystallised calcite suggests a cyclic process involving formation and destruction of a heterogeneous slip zone. Our microstructural data show that development of well-defined gouge foliation under the tested experimental conditions is limited to high velocities (>0.1 m s−1) and room humidity, supporting the notion that some foliated gouges and cataclasites may form during seismic slip in natural carbonate-bearing faults.
Re-introducing the Cambridge Group Family Reconstitutions
Authors: Alter George , Newton Gill , Oeppen Jim
Published: March 2021

English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837 was important both for its scope and its methodology. The volume was based on data from family reconstitutions of 26 parishes carefully selected to represent 250 years of English demographic history. These data remain relevant for new research questions, such as studying the intergenerational inheritance of fertility and mortality. To expand their availability the family reconstitutions have been translated into new formats: a relational database, the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) and an episode file for fertility analysis. This paper describes that process and examines the impact of methodological decisions on analysis of the data. Wrigley, Davies, Oeppen, and Schofield were sensitive to changes in the quality of the parish registers and cautiously applied the principles of family reconstitution developed by Louis Henry. We examine how these choices affect the measurement of fertility and biases that are introduced when important principles are ignored.
Membership in and Presence of Voluntary Organisations during the Swedish Fertility Transition, 1880-1949
Authors: Junkka Johan
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the association between, participation in, and exposure to voluntary organisations and marital fertility during the European fertility transition from 1880 to 1949. This is achieved using individual-level longitudinal demographic data from northern Sweden linked with individual-level information on voluntary organisation membership and contextual level information on organisation activity. How living near an organisation influenced fertility is measured using mixed effect Cox regressions. The association to participation for both men and women is tested by matching members to a control group through propensity score matching before estimating differences in risks of another birth using Cox regressions. The results show that being exposed to an organisation was related to lower fertility. Joining a union or a temperance organisation showed even stronger negative associations, but only for male members, while female members showed no significant difference in fertility. The results suggest that reproductive decisions were not simple responses by the individual couple to structural changes but were also shaped within the social networks of which they were a part.
The Phenomenon of "Badapu" Tradition with Nutritional Status in Postpartum Mothers in West Aceh
Authors: Zakiyuddin Zakiyuddin , Reynaldi Fitrah
Published: March 2021

Cultural practices negatively affect public health behavior, making it more likely to have an infection. In Aceh there is a tradition applied to post-partum mothers called Madeung, which is a tradition carried out by women after giving birth for 44 days with a variety of applicable provisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status of postpartum mothers based on the phenomenon of carrying out the tradition of "Badapu" as an effort to improve nutrition for postpartum mothers in West Aceh. This type of research is explanatory survey or explanation aimed at studying the patterns of consumption of traditional food "Badapu" in West Aceh (quantitative) and people's perceptions of traditional food Badapu (qualitative). The planned design is one group before and after intervention design, or one group pre and post test design. The results obtained illustrate the pattern of food consumption in postpartum mothers who carry out the tradition of Badapu, which varies slightly and is almost the same every day with the main menu of rice, eggs and fried fish. All postpartum mothers (100%) consume rice as a food source of carbohydrate as the biggest energy contributor. At least puerperal mothers who eat snacks because there are restrictions on being able to consume these foods. The existence of restrictions on postpartum mothers who carry out the tradition of Badapu to consume several types of food ingredients that contain water, which is generally found in vegetables and fruits.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Perawat Rawat Inap dalam Menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri di RSUD Langsa Tahun 2019
Authors: Indra Agussamad  , Maya Sari
Published: March 2021

Perawat merupakan petugas kesehatan dengan presentasi terbesar dan memegang peranan penting dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan.WHO (2013) mencatat, dari 39,47 juta petugas kesehatan di seluruh dunia, 66,7%-nya adalah perawat. Di Indonesia, perawat juga merupakan bagian terbesar dari tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di rumah sakit yaitu sekitar 47,08% dan paling banyak berinteraksi dengan pasien. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 72 perawat dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling,dan penelitian ini secara univariat dan bivariat dengan Chy-Square yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, pengawasan, motivasi, sikap dan ketersediaan alat terhadap kepatuhan perawat rawat inap dalam menggunakan alat pelindung diri dengan(p-value< 0,05).
Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dan Fasilitas dengan Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa Tahun 2019
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Erizal
Published: March 2021

Badan kesehatan dunia yaitu World Health Organisation (WHO) berupaya agar pelayanan kesehatan di dunia ini dapat memberikan suatu sistem pelayanan yang baik untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat diberbagai belahan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 84 responden yang merupakan pasien rawat inap. Data dianalisa secara univarat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,007) dan ada hubungan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,030).
Hubungan Mobilisasi Dini dengan Penyembuhan Luka pada Pasien Sectio Caesarea di RSUD Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Mirani Nanda
Published: March 2021

Mobilisasi berguna untuk membantu upaya jalannya penyembuhan luka. Oleh karena itu salah satu upaya untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka post sectio caesarea dapat dilakukan dengan mobilisasi dini (Early Ambulation). Berdasarkan data dari RSUD Aceh Tamiang pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 772 (63%) persalinan merupakan persalinan dengan sectio caesarea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan mobilisasi dini dengan penyembuhan luka pada pasien sectio caesarea di RSUD Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik accidental sampling, penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Aceh Tamiang sebanyak 30 responden. Analisa data berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh lebih banyak melakukan mobilisasi dini 17 (56,7%) responden, lebih banyak penyembuhan lukanya baik 21 (70,0%) responden. Hubungan antara mobilisasi dini dengan penyembuhan luka pada pasien sectio caesarea diperoleh nilai p (sig) = 0,002 < 0,05. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ada hubungan antara mobilisasi dini dengan penyembuhan luka pada pasien sectio caesarea.
Satyam Fraud: A Structural Functional Approach to Corporate Governance Reform
Authors: Lokanan Mark
Published: March 2021

The paper uses Satyam Computer Services Limited as a prototypical case of corporate governance failure and recommendations for reforms. In making recommendations for corporate governance best practices, the paper analyzes Satyam’s corporate governance framework and management controls through a structural functionalist lens. The case is based on materials obtained from the news and print media, published articles, and interviews given by experts who commented on the case. Corporate governance data were obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Edgar database. The findings suggest that corporate governance best practices should not be separate from the discrete parts of the organization. A wider context that encapsulates socio-cultural factors must not only be part of corporate governance mandates; but, also integral in the operational logistic of the corporation. As part of this discussion, the paper explicitly reviewed the governance structure and the make-up of the board of directors that were in place at Satyam prior to the resignation of Chairman Ramalinga Raju and his admission that he was involved in financial statement irregularities. Particular emphasis was placed on how management control systems and cultural controls in companies can shape corporate governance mandates to build effective governance framework.
Management of Brain Tumors in Eloquent Areas with Awake Patient
Authors: Luis Navarro-Olvera José , Parra-Romero Gustavo , Dalila Heres-Becerril Stephani , Trejo-Martínez David , D. Carrillo Ruiz José , Gonzalez Echeverría Kleber , Aguado-Carrillo Gustavo
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the transdisciplinary work of the Neurosurgeon, Neuroanesthesiologist and Neuropsychologist before, during and after the resection of a neoplasm in eloquent areas with the patient conscious under the 3A anesthesia modality (asleep, awake, asleep). The diagnostic approach and the logistics to carry out this procedure and achieve better results will be shown. At present there is growing evidence regarding the benefits of surgery in awake patients, with application in the treatment of epilepsy, abnormal movements and oncological surgery. The benefits of awake craniotomy are increased lesion removal, with improved survival benefit, whilst minimizing damage to eloquent cortex and resulting postoperative neurological dysfunction. Other advantages include a shorter hospitalization time, hence reduced cost of care, and a decreased incidence of postoperative complications. This approach has allowed to achieve a higher degree of resection with less morbidity and a higher quality of life.
Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Krainoi Apinya , Johns Jobish , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Nakaramontri Yeampon
Published: March 2021

Several advanced methods have been introduced to disperse CNTs in the NR matrix. Various aspects highlighted in this chapter include the mixing processes such as melt mixing and latex mixing methods. As well as, formations of functional groups on the surfaces of CNT using silane coupling agents (i.e., ex-situ and in-situ functionalization). Moreover, hybrid CNT are beneficial to achieve better electrical conductivity of NR/CNT composites. These efforts are aimed to reduce the percolation threshold concentration in the NR composites for application as conducting composites based on electrically insulating rubber matrix. Sensor application is developed based on conducting NR composites. NR composites showed changing of resistivity during elongation termed as piezoresistivity. The most commonly used rubber matrices such as NR, ENR and IR are mixed with a combination of CNT and CB fillers as hybrid filler. The presence of linkages in the ENR composites results in the least loss of conductivity during external strain. It is found that the conductivity becomes stable after 3000 cycles. This is found to be similar to the NR-CNT/CB composite, while a few cycles are needed for IR-CNT/CB owing to the higher filler agglomeration and poor filler-rubber interactions. This is attributed to the polar chemical interactions between ENR and the functional groups on the surfaces of CNT/CB.
Detection of Bio-Relevant Metal Ions by Luminescent Ru(II)-Polypyridyl Based Sensors
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Kumar Sushil
Published: March 2021

Biorelevant metal ions such as Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ participate in various biological events which include electron transfer reactions, delivery and uptake of oxygen, DNA and RNA syntheses, and enzymatic catalysis to maintain fundamental physiological processes in living organisms. So far, several analytical techniques have been investigated for their precise detection; however, luminescence-based sensing is often superior due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, fast and easy operation and convenient cellular imaging. Owing to their immense photophysical and photochemical properties stemming from large Stokes shift, absorption in visible region, good photostability and long excited state lifetimes, Ru(II)-polypyridyl-based complexes have gained increasing interest as luminophores. Over past few decades, several Ru(II)-polypyridyl based chemosensors have rapidly been developed for detection of different biorelevant and other metal ions. The main object of this book chapter is to cover a majority of Ru(II)-polypyridyl based chemosensors showing a selective and sensitive detection of bio-relevant Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ ions. The photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes, detection of metal ions, sensing mechanism and applications of these sensors are discussed at a length.
An updated classification of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) integrating molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: Burckhardt Daniel , Ouvrard David , Percy Diana M.
Published: March 2021

The classification of the superfamily Psylloidea is revised to incorporate findings from recent molecular studies, and to integrate a reassessment of monophyla primarily based on molecular data with morphological evidence and previous classifications. We incorporate a reinterpretation of relevant morphology in the light of the molecular findings and discuss conflicts with respect to different data sources and sampling strategies. Seven families are recognised of which four (Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Mastigimatidae and Triozidae) are strongly supported, and three (Aphalaridae, Liviidae and Psyllidae) weakly or moderately supported. Although the revised classification is mostly similar to those recognised by recent authors, there are some notable differences, such as Diaphorina and Katacephala which are transferred from Liviidae to Psyllidae. Five new subfamilies and one new genus are described, and one secondary homonym is replaced by a new species name. A new or revised status is proposed for one family, four subfamilies, four tribes, seven subtribes and five genera. One tribe and eight genera / subgenera are synonymised, and 32 new and six revised species combinations are proposed. All recognised genera of Psylloidea (extant and fossil) are assigned to family level taxa, except for one which is considered a nomen dubium.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: March 2021

Welcome to the March 2021 issue of C&RL News. We start out this month’s issue with a look at initial results of a survey of “Surging virtual reference services” during the COVID-19 pandemic from Marie L. Radford, Laura Costello, and Kaitlin Montague.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: March 2021

Joanne (Joni) V. Lerud-HeckKerri Goergen-DollKathleen SchmandLeslie GasconDouglas K. Lehman
Otros tiempos, otras historias
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

En el artículo titulado «The climate of history: four theses», el historiador Dipesh Chakrabarty nos invita a pensar –o repensar– el sentido de la historia desde la óptica del Antropoceno, una era geológica caracterizada por transformaciones planetarias provocadas por nuestra acción sobre los ecosistemas terrestres. Pensarnos desde el marco de las dimensiones temporales geofísicas resulta un ejercicio interesante e inquietante a la vez, acostumbrados como estamos a las lógicas inmediatistas e hiperaceleradas de la globalización.
Water as Artist-Collaborator: Posthumanism and Reconciliation in Relational Media Arts-Based Education
Authors: Van Borek Sarah
Published: March 2021

The global climate change-related water crisis, disproportionately affecting peoples marginalised by ongoing settler-colonialism, challenges us to take up a new ontology beyond the Anthropocene. Recognising universities as ethically entangled, my PhD praxis process aimed at engaging universities in reconciliation – of peoples and ecosystems – as a practice. This practice takes the form of a relational university course that involves intra-actions between students, water bodies and technology (audio/video as relational texts) to co-construct water narratives as films. In this paper, using posthuman theories to read the data, I uncover what/who is being changed in this course and how. Most notable of these changes is that of water as becoming collaborator in artistic/knowledge co-production, where students think with water. I argue this renders possible reconciliation understood as a material-discursive practice, with water, (re)configuring relationality to decentre humans and their ways of knowing/being/doing, and to co-constitute more equal power relations between bodies (both human and nonhuman).
Development and Evaluation of Indian Traditional Sweet ‘Laddoo’ Supplemented with Germinated Pumpkin Seed Flour
Authors: Kumari Neeta , Sindhu Sangeeta C. , Rani Varsha , Kumari Varsha
Published: March 2021

Aim: The study was planned to evaluate Indian traditional sweet ‘Laddoo’ supplemented with germinated pumpkin seed flour.

Study Design: The traditional recipe was supplemented by replacing the whole wheat flour and bengalgram flour with 10, 20 and 30% of germinated pumpkin seed flour. The developed products were subjected to organoleptic and nutritional evaluation. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Department of Foods & Nutrition and was part of doctoral research work carried out between 2017-19.

Methodology:  Sensory evaluation of developed products was carried out using 9-point hedonic scale.  The samples were further analysed for moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber, total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, total and available minerals using standard methods.

Results: The supplementation resulted in a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber while total carbohydrates decreased. The supplemented product had crude protein ranging from 19.39-25.59 g; crude fibre 2.21 -3.24 g and ash 5.70-8.19 g/100 g at different levels of incorporation as against 16.53, 1,64 and 3.66 g/100 g respectively in control product. Significant increase was observed in mineral content also. The supplemented products had calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus ranging from 63.47-95.46, 132.63-133.58, 3.58-7.51, 6.49-11.33, 639.53-884.34 and 343.32-356.63 mg/100 g on dry matter basis. The developed products were acceptable to judges.

Conclusion: Incorporation of germinated pumpkin seed flour significantly (P≤0.05) improved the nutrient and mineral profile of whole wheat flour Bengal flour Laddoo. Such developed products can be very useful in combating the macronutrient and micronutrients deficiency problem in population of all age groups.
An Evaluative Study on Metallic Concentration in Different Ground and Industrial Water Sources in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Denkok Y. , Adesina O. , Gurumtet I. , Kopdora S. W.
Published: March 2021

Aim: The present study investigated the concentrations and human health risk of certain metallic elements like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in ground water, wells, mining ponds and industrial effluent in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria.

Study Design: The work is descriptive.

Place and Duration of Studies: Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos: October 2020-December 2020.

Methodology: Water samples were obtained from our study areas and carefully filtered using Whatman filter paper into a 250ml conical flask to obtain a clear filtrate. The pH of the filtrate was determined using pH meter 3510. Heavy metal determination was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after digestion of water samples with 5% nitric acid (HNO3).

Results: Results obtained indicated that  mining ponds, ground water, industrial effluents as well as  factory-based sachet water, all contained Pb(1.320 to 1.440 mg/l),Cr(-0.0046 to 0.318 mg/l), Cd(1.320 to 1.440 mg/l), Zn(-0.0.106 to 0.5327 mg/l), Cu(0.4359 to 0.7838 mg/l), Mg(5.789 to 22.830 mg/l), Ca(15.241 to 19.706 mg/l) at a concentration that is significantly (P= 0.05) higher compared to the WHO allowable concentrations for drinking water which could be  attributed to inadequate scientific method used in the processing of water and also chemical materials used for bagging and bottling the water for market supply.

Conclusion: Metallic contaminants are inevitable components of water from our study area and packaging materials for supply of bottle water are themselves a major risk factor and alternative source of metallic contaminant leaching into factory based sachet water.
Childhood Cancers in a Tertiary Centre, Southern Nigeria: Spectrum and Outcome of Treatment
Authors: Eke G. K. , Ugwueze N. , Akani N. A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Though childhood cancers are often amenable to cure even with simple and safe protocols, survival rate is still very low in many low- and middle-income countries where nearly 80% of children with cancer reside.

Objective: To ascertain the pattern and outcome of treatment of childhood cancers in a tertiary centre in southern Nigeria.

Methodology: All cases of childhood cancer admitted into the Paediatric Oncology unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to November 2019 were reviewed. Their demographics, diagnosis, treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: A total of 266 cases were analysed: 151(56.8%) males and 115(43.2%) females, with M:F ratio of 1.3:1, aged 1 month to 14 years. Majority (44.7%) were in the 1-4 years age bracket. The majority of children who presented more than 20 weeks after onset of symptoms had retinoblastoma. The most common cancers were acute leukaemias (23%), nephroblastoma (22.1%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (11.6%). Many subjects abandoned treatment (44.4%), and mortality was recorded in 45.1% of the study population.

Conclusion: The distribution of the childhood cancers in this study is similar with report of the population based Port Harcourt Cancer Registry, with acute leukaemias, nephroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma as most common malignancies encountered. Rates of abandonment of treatment and mortality were high.
Characterizing the Remanufacturability of Engineering Systems
Authors: Amezquita Tony , Hammond Rick , Salazar Marc , Bras Bert
Published: March 2021

A growing concern about the environment, and especially about waste and landfill, has spurred research into the design of more environmentally benign products. A dramatic reduction in environmental impact can be made by product remanufacturing in which, in contrast to material recycling, the geometrical form of the product is retained and its associated economical and environmental value preserved. Our long term goal is to postulate and validate design metrics which effectively and efficiently measure the remanufacturability of given designs. The principal goal in this paper is to identify design characteristics which facilitate remanufacturing. This is accomplished by addressing the principal driving factors for remanufacturing, as well as identifying existing remanufacturing guidelines, philosophies, and practices. This information is leveraged and evaluated by investigating the remanufacturability of a product which is not currently remanufactured — an automobile door. From this, some illustrative design changes which increase the remanufacturability of the automobile door are proposed.
A Parallel, Four Degree-of-Freedom Robotic Wrist
Authors: Salerno Robert J. , Canfield Stephen L. , Ganino Anthony J. , Reinholtz Charles F.
Published: March 2021

Kinematic considerations are presented for a parallel, four degree-of-freedom robot wrist resembling the Clemens coupling, a constant-velocity joint first described in his 1872 patent. In its new form as a wrist, this device provides general orientational mobility as well as axial displacement through a plunge motion. A possibly more important hybrid of this wrist is identified as an artificially constrained, spherical, three degree-of-freedom pitchyaw-roll wrist that can easily be derived from this new concept. Because of its parallel architecture, the new wrist design displays favorable attributes including high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, a large workspace, and an open center construction. Closed-form forward and inverse kinematics of the wrist are derived for both the three and four degree-of-freedom configurations, thereby making it a likely candidate for real-time control. Workspace plots are also presented that demonstrate the dexterity of the proposed wrist.
A Combined Steady-State/Transient Approach to Study Very Large Amplitude Ship Rolling
Authors: Falzarano J. , Kota R. , Esparza I.
Published: March 2021

For ships, rolling motion is the most critical due to the possibility of capsizing. In a regular (periodic) sea, if no bounded steady state solutions exist, then capsizing may be imminent. Determining for exactly which wave amplitude and frequency the steady-state solutions disappear or become unstable is of great practical importance.

In previous works (Falzarano, Esparza, and Taz Ul Mulk, 1994) and abstracted presentations (Falzarano, 1993), the global transient dynamics of large amplitude ship rolling motion was studied. The effect on the steady-state solutions of changing wave frequency for a fixed wave amplitudes was studied. It was shown how the in-phase and out-of-phase solutions evolve as the frequency passes through the linear natural frequency. For small wave amplitudes (external forcing) there exists a single steady-state throughout the frequency range, for moderate wave amplitudes there exists a frequency range where multiple steady state harmonic solutions exists. As the wave amplitude was increased further there existed a frequency range where no steady-state harmonic solution existed.

In the present work, the very large amplitude ship rolling motion in the region where no steady-state solutions exist will be studied in more detail. Moreover, the mechanisms (bifurcations) that cause this type of behavior to evolve from more simple behavior will be studied using a combination of both frequency response curves and Poincaré maps. It is expected that global chaotic bifurcations such as those previously described (e.g., Thompson and Stewart, 1989) will be identified.
Improved Results in Structural Dynamic Calculations by Linking Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)
Authors: Gabbert Ulrich , Zehn Manfred , Wahl Friedrich
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with improvements of accuracy of structural dynamic calculations by using both the advantages of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA). The basis for such improvements are reasonable mechanical and numerical models and accurate frequency response measurements (eigenfrequencies and mode shapes). The paper deals first with reasons for and estimations of errors in numerical and experimental analysis. It can be shown by theory and experiment that neither FEA nor EMA models are unique, due to inevitable incompleteness of the mode shapes and eigenfrequencies from a vibration test. Verification and updating of FE models by linking FEA with EMA are discussed in the paper and mainly focussed on FE models with a large number of degrees of freedom. Hence an update method has been introduced, which leads to an improved model in a relatively small quantity of computer time. It can be shown, that based on measured eigenfrequencies and calculated eigenvectors, an updating of FE-models for real engineering problems, by changing the mass matrix only, is a very efficient procedure with a surprisingly good quality updated model.
Lipid hydrolysis monitoring in wastewater treatment: proof-of-concept for a high throughput vegetable oil emulsion based assay
Authors: Van Gaelen P. , Springael D. , Smets I.
Published: March 2021

Lipids are one of the main organic components in industrial and municipal wastewaters. Lipid hydrolysis is the first step in the biological conversion process and requires a close contact between lipid emulsion droplets and microbial hydrolytic enzymes. Adequate lipid hydrolysis monitoring is crucial to obtain mechanistic knowledge on lipid hydrolysis in response to changes in the process conditions and to improve the overall lipid conversion efficiency in aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. We set out to develop a high-throughput lipid hydrolysis monitoring method based on vegetable oil model substrates and fluorescent quantification of product formation by exploiting the interaction with Rhodamine B. Olive oil and soybean oil emulsions were prepared with a high interfacial area and acceptable emulsion stability. The method was easy to apply and allowed to obtain detailed kinetic data over a time course of several hours for up to 16 samples in parallel. A proof-of-concept was obtained with a commercial enzyme, Amano lipase, but remains to be provided for wastewater treatment sludge samples. The findings of this study pave the way for further method development in lipid hydrolysis monitoring.
Dynamic Analysis of a Swivel-Joist-Expansion-Joint by Truck Crossing Simulations
Authors: Köppl Johannes , Kraus Michael A. , Mangerig Ingbert
Published: March 2021

In a current research project at the University of the German Armed Forces in Munich, we are investigating the dynamic behavior of a swivel-joist-expansion-joint. The special feature of this construction results from the entire polymer-based damping support, which is positioned as connecting element between lamellas and their supporting traverse. These pre-stressed elastomer-components create a certain clamping effect between the adjacent superimposed components. This special application is used for isolation and shock reduction. The elastomers are investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Associated master curves for the description of the time, frequency and temperature dependent material behavior in the form of a generalized Maxwell model with corresponding Time Temperature Superposition Principle were derived from the obtained results. The load-dependent linearization of the frequency response distribution can be integrated into a finite-element-model (FEM) as a practical modeling approach. This allowed the approximation of the viscoelastic and temperature-dependent damping behavior for common engineering FE software. Finally, the results of the FE simulation of a truck crossing the swivel beam expansion joint are presented and compared with the measured signal from actual truck crossing experiments.
Evidence for seed vigor associated with fatty acids and its composition in rice
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Wu Bangkui , Zhang Qianxia , Jia Liangquan , Qi Hengnian , Zhao Guangwu
Published: March 2021

Although fatty acids (FAs) adversely influence seed vigor in general, knowledge is limited about effects of FAs and its composition on seed vigor of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, seed vigor parameters, FA, and its composition contents of different rice varieties were measured to determine their intrinsic relationships. There were significant differences in germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), field emergence rate (FER), and FA and its composition contents among different varieties in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, the results of correlation analysis in both years showed that FA content was significantly negatively associated with GP (r = −.66** and r = −.69**, respectively), GR (r = −.72** and r = −.87**, respectively), and FER (r = −.51* and r = −.51*, respectively). Interestingly, the contents of palmitate acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) in both years were significantly negatively related to seed vigor (r = −.43* to −.77**). Moreover, the results of principal component analysis showed that palmitate acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were main contributions in the first principal component for conventional japonica rice while in the second principal component for hybrid indica rice. These results suggest that medium‐chain FAs account for the decrease of seed vigor. Our study provides an important parameter for seed vigor testing and an early warning sign for seed storage of rice.
Prenatal management of fetal goiter alternating between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in a mother with Graves’ disease
Authors: Didier‐Mathon Hortense , Bouchghoul Hanane , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Young Jacques , Luton Dominique
Published: March 2021

We present a rare documented case with consecutive hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism during fetal life. First, hypothyroidism was due to transplacental passage of antithyroid drugs. After the mother's thyroidectomy, fetal hyperthyroidism was due to transplacental passage of persistent anti‐thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Fetal goiter disappeared after adjusting maternal treatment.
Validity of The Party Exercise for Determining Holland Codes
Authors: Mottarella Karen , Fritzsche Barbara , Turner Dennis , Whitten Shannon
Published: March 2021

The Party exercise, found on many career guidance websites and published annually in the best‐selling job‐hunting book What Color Is Your Parachute? (Bolles, 2020), claims to provide a quick and easy way to determine a person's Holland RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) code. We examined whether this commonly used exercise indeed accurately predicts Holland codes. Undergraduate students (324 women, 147 men) responded to The Party exercise and then the Self‐Directed Search (Holland & Messer, 2013). Results indicated that The Party exercise has some ability to predict some RIASEC types. However, the results do not support use of this popular exercise in lieu of a career assessment measure that has well‐established validity.
A Metastudy of Counselor Education and Supervision: An Analysis of Publication Characteristics From 2000 to 2019
Authors: Johnsen Sarah , Watson Kristen , Erford Bradley T. , Crockett Stephanie A. , Byrd Rebekah
Published: March 2021

Patterns of articles published in Counselor Education and Supervision from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed, and analyses sought to identify trends over time in author characteristics (e.g., gender, work setting, leading individual contributors and universities) and article characteristics (e.g., type, topic, research design, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures used).
Design and development of a rotating heater pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Porat Ariel , Careaga Francisco S. , Briens Lauren , Briens Cedric
Published: March 2021

Biochar is a valuable product of pyrolysis. A new rotating heater pyrolysis reactor (RHP) was developed to process a variety of biomass feedstocks of up to 30 L and produce biochar batches of several kilograms. The RHP design was simple, allowing for easy construction, low‐cost operation, and low energy consumption. Biochar produced from softwood woodchip biomass in the RHP for 2–3 h was determined to have physical and chemical properties comparable to biochar produced from a conventional batch pyrolysis reactor at temperatures between 375–425°C.