bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unleashing The Power of Human Capital Education for Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Anabaraonye Benjamin , Okon Okon E , Adeniyi Toyin F , Ewa Beatrice O , Nwagbo Samuel C , Emmanuel Emone
Published: January 2023

Human capital is one of the vital forces needed to achieve sustainable development and sustainable economic growth in Africa. Unleashing the power of human capital education among the youths in Africa will help to tackle the problems of hunger, poverty and unemployment among the youths. This study explores the vital elements needed to maximize the human capital potentials in Africa which includes team work, talents, training, trustworthy mentors and timely climate change education. It further identifies that climate change is a global issue which we must of necessity tackle with urgency to help unleash the power of human capital in Africa.
Northeast Pacific eelgrass dynamics: interannual expansion distances and meadow area variation over time
Authors: Munsch SH , Beaty FL , Beheshti KM , Chesney WB , Endris CA , Gerwing TG , Hessing-Lewis M , Kiffney PM , O’Leary JK , Reshitnyk L , Sanderson BL , Walter RK
Published: January 2023

Ecosystems constantly change, yet managers often lack information to move beyond static habitat assumptions. As human impacts and geographic information systems advance, it is important and feasible to quantify past habitat boundary shifts to inform management decisions (e.g. protective perimeters) robust to near-term habitat changes. This is the case in eelgrass (Zostera spp.), an ecosystem engineer that forms dynamic, often protected meadows. Practitioners protect areas to avoid human stress to eelgrass, but they can lack quantitative descriptions of the near-term potential for eelgrass meadows to shift into unprotected areas. Here, we quantified interannual eelgrass meadow boundary shifts within 23 sites spanning 9 decades and 19° latitude. Eelgrass meadow boundaries typically shifted into areas tens of meters away from previous meadow edges, but sometimes much farther. Also, eelgrass meadows often vacated and later recolonized the same areas. By implication, eelgrass protection efforts may be enhanced by considering that presently vacant areas may be inhabited in the future, especially near currently existing meadows. Additionally, eelgrass meadows changed less over time at sites less modified by people within temperate landscapes compared to sites located within human-dominated, warmer, and drought-prone landscapes with limited water turnover. We thus hypothesize that eelgrass meadows change more over time within landscapes exposed to greater stressor regimes because they more frequently or intensely cycle through disturbance and recovery phases. These results inform tactical decisions seeking to mitigate impacts of human activities to eelgrass and underscore the potential synergy of monitoring, research, and adaptive management approaches to protect dynamic habitats.
Effects of Peroral Hormonal Contraception on Cardiovascular System: Analysis of Selected Cardiovascular Parameters in an Adolescent Cohort; a Pilot Project
Authors: PÍREK O , BUDINSKAYA K , NOVÁKOVÁ Z
Published: January 2023

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have some strong advantages over more traditional types of contraception, including their consistently high contraceptive effect as well as multiple additional positive side effects. OCPs went through decades of intense pharmaceutical development and current formulas are well optimized – however, a handful of their negative side effects remain, including some that affect cardiovascular system, for example higher risk of hypertension, venous thromboembolism and increased arterial stiffness. The gold standard for arterial stiffness assessment is currently applanation tonometry, a method that relies on arterial pulse wave velocity measurement (PWV). Another possible method for arterial stiffness measurement is the use of the VaSera device, which measures cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The aim of this study was to discover the effect of OCPs use on selected cardiovascular parameters related to arterial stiffness. We measured these cardiovascular parameters in the OCPs using group (OCP) and in the control group (CTRL) using applanation tonometer Sphygmocor and the VaSera device. Comparison of the data from both groups showed us significantly increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV) as well as significantly lower subendocardial viability index (SVI) in the OCP. These results imply a negative effect of hormonal contraceptives on the cardiovascular system with most of the negative changes affecting the peripheral arteries. Despite this evidence supporting the hypothesis of OCPs having a negative effect on cardiovascular health, further research is necessary.
Sex Steroid Hormones in Depressive Disorders as a Basis for New Potential Treatment Strategies
Authors: PILLEROVÁ M , PASTOREK M , BORBÉLYOVÁ V , RILJAK V , FRICK K , HODOSY J , TÓTHOVÁ L
Published: January 2023

The sex steroid hormones (SSHs) such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and their metabolites have important organizational and activational impacts on the brain during critical periods of brain development and in adulthood. A variety of slow and rapid mechanisms mediate both organizational and activational processes via intracellular or membrane receptors for SSHs. Physiological concentrations and distribution of SSHs in the brain result in normal brain development. Nevertheless, dysregulation of hormonal equilibrium may result in several mood disorders, including depressive disorders, later in adolescence or adulthood. Gender differences in cognitive abilities, emotions as well as the 2-3 times higher prevalence of depressive disorders in females, were already described. This implies that SSHs may play a role in the development of depressive disorders. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies linked to SSHs and development of depressive disorders. Our secondary aim includes a review of up-to-date knowledge about molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. Understanding these molecular mechanisms might lead to significant treatment adjustments for patients with depressive disorders and to an amelioration of clinical outcomes for these patients. Nevertheless, the impact of SSHs on the brain in the context of the development of depressive disorders, progression, and treatment responsiveness is complex in nature, and depends upon several factors in concert such as gender, age, comorbidities, and general health conditions.
Cardiovascular Changes During Phototherapy in Newborns
Authors: JAVORKA K , NANDRÁŽIOVÁ L , UHRÍKOVÁ Z , CZIPPELOVÁ B , MAŤAŠOVÁ K , JAVORKA M , ZIBOLEN M
Published: January 2023

Phototherapy is the most effective non-invasive method of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment. Application of this method can be associated with side effects including changes in the cardiovascular system. During phototherapy, the primary effects in the cardiovascular system include cutaneous vasodilation leading to skin hyperperfusion and subsequent redistribution of blood. The increased blood flow through the skin is associated with increased transepidermal water loss. Further effects include an increase in cerebral blood flow. Redistribution of blood to the cutaneous bed is compensated by hypoperfusion in the splanchnic area (mostly postprandial) and a significant reduction of the renal blood flow. Regarding closure/reopening of the ductus arteriosus, the results suggest that that phototherapy does not affect ductal patency. During phototherapy the cardiac output can be slightly reduced due to a decreased stroke volume, especially in preterm newborns. Systemic blood pressure is decreased and heart rate is elevated in both preterm and term newborns during phototherapy. The heart rate variability is slightly reduced. Symbolic dynamics analysis of the short-term HRV showed that during phototherapy the activity of the ANS regulating the heart rate is shifted towards the dominancy of the sympathetic activity. The responses in the cardiovascular system of premature/mature newborns without other pathology confirm a well physiologically functioning control of this system, even under specific conditions of phototherapy.
Digital Marketing as a Driver for Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Aman Eliyas Ebrahim , Papp-Váry Árpád Ferenc
Published: January 2023

The notion of digital marketing has emerged as a prominent topic in the tourism industry and received high attention from the marketing research community in recent years. However, there is a noticeable absence of theoretically grounded research on how the tourism industry should apply and implement digital marketing to bring about sustainable tourism development. To address this concern, the researchers conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 83 journal articles related to digital marketing and tourism, indexed in the Scopus database and Web of Science from 2015 to 2021. In doing so, this review makes an important contribution to the identification of existing and future digital marketing tools applied in the tourism industry and their role in the progress of sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, researchers propose an integrated conceptual framework to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships between technology, marketing, and tourism to add something new to the existing literature and inspire further research in the future.
Update on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jellinger Kurt A.
Published: January 2023

With the disproportionate growth of the elderly population, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the most common cause of dementia, has become a major public health and socio-economic problem of our time. Updated consensus criteria for clinical diagnosis and new biomarkers have increased the diagnostic accuracy to over 90%, with a sensitivity versus other dementias of around 85% and a specificity of up to 78%, although a definite diagnosis depends on neuropathological examination. However, due to overlap between dementing disorders and frequent concurrence of multiple pathologies in the aged brain, both clinical and post-mortem studies entail biases that affect their validity. Harmonised interdisciplinary approaches are required to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of AD diagnosis as a basis for neuroprotection and efficient treatment. Preventative measures can minimise risk factors and confounding diseases, whereas anti-dementive treatment with drugs and non-pharmacological interventions can currently only delay the progression of the clinical course without causal effects. Better early diagnosis, active immunotherapies, and disease-modifying measures are the most important challenges for modern neurosciences.
Wilson’s Disease: An Inherited, Silent, Copper Intoxication Disease
Authors: Merle Uta , Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: January 2023

Wilson’s disease is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic, copper overload disease, which evokes multiple motor or neuropsychiatric symptoms and liver disease. It is the consequence of a variety of different mutations affecting the ATP7B gene. This gene encodes for a class IB, P-type, copper-transporting ATPase, which is located in the trans-Golgi network of the liver and brain, and mediates the excretion of excess copper into the bile. When functionally inactive, the excess copper is deposited in the liver, brain, and other tissues. Free copper induces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and lowers the apoptotic threshold of the cell. The symptoms in affected persons can vary widely and usually appear between the ages of 6 years and 20 years, but there are also cases in which the disease manifests in advanced age. In this review, we discuss the considerations in diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment of Wilson’s disease. In addition, we highlight experimental efforts that address the pathogenesis of Wilson’s disease in ATP7B deficient mice, novel analytical techniques that will improve the diagnosis at an early stage of disease onset, and treatment results with copper-chelating agents.
Macedonia
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

50% of the population of Ottoman Macedonia was Muslim, but the British never considered this, instead supporting independence for the one-fourth who were Bulgarian by religion (although mainly ethnic Macedonians). Bulgaria supported rebel groups in a quest to join Macedonia to Bulgaria, or at least to create an independent Macedonia. Bulgarian bands carried out a guerrilla war against Greek and Muslim Macedonians. There were major revolts in Krushevo (the Ilinden Revolt) and Edirne, both put down by Ottoman forces. British pressure groups, press, and churches rallied to the Bulgarian cause. The Balkan Committee, which shared a philosophy and many members with the Anglo-Armenian Association, led in disseminating propaganda and lobbying politicians. Reports that reached the British public were at best one-sided, more often completely false.
British Politicians and Macedonia
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

Foreign Secretaries Lansdowne and Grey worked to remove Macedonia from Ottoman rule. They planned to apply what were styled as “coercive measures” to force the Ottomans to comply. They were thwarted by Austria and Russia, who submitted less restrictive measures (Vienna Plan and Mürsteg Proposals). These would have allowed the Ottomans limited control over Macedonia, over vehement British objections. The situation in Macedonia grew worse as Greece and Serbia joined the conflict, each supporting rebels from their own ethnic group. The Europeans were never able to quell the troubles in Macedonia, because they decided the problem was the need of Ottoman reform. They put all the pressure on the Ottomans, including restricting Ottoman military action against the rebels, but they put no pressure on the Bulgarians, Greeks, and Serbs who armed and gave safe havens to the rebels. As it had in Eastern Anatolia, Ottoman financial weakness stood in the way of reform. Throughout the conflict, the British acted against Ottoman interests. The British stood against customs tariff increases that would have aided the Ottoman exchequer. British government leaders deceived parliament and the public on events in the Ottoman Empire. In the end, the Europeans abandoned the intractable Macedonian problem.
The Balkan Wars
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

In 1912, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro attacked and defeated the Ottoman Army. Muslim civilians were murdered and forced to flee. Grey orchestrated a conference in which the Ottomans were forced to cede all but a small portion of their European possessions (the Treaty of London). When the Balkan Allies fought out over the spoils, the Ottomans retook Edirne and Western Thrace, Grey demanded that the Ottomans relinquish their gains; the Ottomans refused. Great Power politics stopped Britain and Russia from intervening. Greece had taken Aegean Islands close to the Anatolia shore. For reasons of security the Ottomans refused British demands that they relinquish them to Greece, threatening further war to retake those closest to Anatolia. Grey wanted military coercion to force the Ottomans to accept Greek retention of the Islands, but Germany opposed him, and Grey feared European war. Throughout the Balkan Wars, British public, press, and governmental sympathies were with the Balkan Christian nations. At every turn, Grey opposed the Ottomans. Greater sympathy for the plight of the Balkan Muslims would surely have been shown if the facts were known, but Grey refused to release damning consular reports to parliament and simply lied about the atrocities.
World War
Authors: McCarthy Justin
Published: January 2023

When World War I broke out, Ottoman political opinion was divided between joining the Germans and remaining neutral. The British might have made concessions to boost the cause of neutrality, including reducing European financial control. Grey refused to consider even minor compromises. Instead, the British made threats. Grey told the Ottomans that, if they joined the Germans and Germany lost the war, the Ottomans would lose their Asian territories. If, on the other hand, they remained neutral, Britain would support Ottoman territorial integrity at a peace conference. It was a promise the Ottomans had heard before. Members of the Ottoman Cabinet attempted détente with Britain, France, and Russia, and were rebuffed. The Minister of War, Enver, and the Gran Vezir signed a secret pact with the Germans, although the Ottomans did not yet enter the war. The British seized two Ottoman warships that had been constructed for the Ottoman Government. The Ottomans replaced them with two German ships that had fled to Ottoman waters, the Goeben and Breslau. The British threatened dire consequences if the two ships were not sent out to sea to battle the British fleet. Instead, the Ottoman Navy attacked Russian Black Sea ports. War was declared.
Scottish Political Economy: David Hume and Adam Smith
Authors: Ward Lee
Published: January 2023

This chapter situates the leading thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume and Adam Smith, in the intellectual context of the interest-based form of liberalism pioneered by Mandeville. However, they present their moral theory not only as a repudiation of the “selfish system” of Hobbes and Locke, but also as a correction to the thorough ethical individualism of Mandeville. That is to say, Hume and Smith are “moralized” Mandevilleans who accept self-love as the core of human psychology, but also present an account of the passions and sentiments that explain the origin and importance of other-regarding natural virtues such as sympathy, humanity, and benevolence. This chapter argues that adding this vital component of social virtue to the Mandevillean account of self-love spurred Hume and Smith to fashion a comprehensive account of the harmony of interests that undergirds their political economy.
The Dilemma of Authoritarian Local Governance in Egypt
Authors: Awad Hani
Published: January 2023

Authoritarian upgrading in the MENA has been well addressed in the past two decades. However, less research has been devoted to extending analysis of upgrading measures to the field of local governance. Based on researching the Egyptian case and supported by evidence from extensive fieldwork, this book explores the formal and informal decentralization strategies employed under three regimes (Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak) to upgrade the Egyptian system of local governance without giving up power or democratizing local governments. The authoritarian upgrading process helped the regime to have a more effective dominance in local politics and to enhance its political control. However, its strategies failed to overcome the weakness of system mobilization functions, which reflected the authoritarian dilemma of bridging the macro (the national) and the micro (the local).
Clannism without Clans: Local Governance and the Ascendance of Kin-Based Political Mobilisation
Authors: Awad Hani
Published: January 2023

This chapter sheds light on the strategies that were deployed by the regime’s grassroots and rent-seeking local elites as they competed for positions that were seen as routes for political upgrading. While local leadership actors in Egypt used various strategies to upgrade themselves within the authoritarian political system, in the towns of the Cairo peri-urban fringe political clannism was the most prominent strategy adopted by local notables in this regard. Nevertheless, contrary to much received wisdom in the literature of Middle Eastern social politics, the chapter shows that political clannism is a relatively modern phenomenon that was mainly motivated by the decentralizing mechanisms that the Egyptian authoritarian regime employed to upgrade its system of local governance. Yet, political clannism was only efficient at the micro level and could not, by any means, counter the Islamic movement sort of mobilization, which was more efficient at the macro level.
Mission to Church – Church to Mission: The First Ten Years, 1923–33
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: January 2023

The first ten years of the BPCSA’s life was marked by internal organisation rather than missionary outreach. Despite being an independent denomination, the BPCSA continued to be dominated by mission council activity which hampered outreach activity. It remained dependent despite its autonomy.
The Bantu/Reformed Presbyterian Church and Socio-political Issues
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: January 2023

Throughout its lifespan, the BPCSA was actively involved in socio-political issues by the activities of individual members and at General Assembly level. It took its call to work towards reconciliation seriously in a context of oppression. It acted responsibly and with integrity in relation to the struggles of its people and the South African nation.
A Cinema of the Borderlands: Lucrecia Martel’s Zama
Authors: Fuery Kelli
Published: January 2023

This chapter continues to examine the theme of moral freedom as a marker of ambiguous cinema via analysis of Lucrecia Martel’s film Zama, specifically the study of its protagonist Don Diego de Zama. It extends and develops Beauvoir’s philosophy of ambiguity by working through the varied work of Latina feminist phenomenologists, Gloria Anzaldúa, María Lugones, Linda Martín Alcoff and Mariana Ortega. Through a study of key concepts, such as Anzaldúa’s la nepantlera (a different sense of self), and the Coatlicue state (referring to the inability to think or tolerate emotional conflict); Lugones’s notion of ‘world’-travelling and playfulness, and Ortega’s ‘multiplicitious self’, the chapter notes limitations within Beauvoir’s philosophy of ambiguity and identifies how Latina phenomenological thought addresses and articulates diversity in lived experience more effectively. The chapter argues that Zama illustrates how Martel’s filmmaking engenders a consciousness of being in-between, of crossing-over, of spaces and experiences that are hybrid, or as Anzaldúa says: ‘a consciousness of the borderlands,’ demonstrating a clear feminist, intersectional and intermeshed politics of aesthetics.
Common Law and Feudal Society in Medieval Scotland
Authors: MacQueen Hector
Published: January 2023

The close links between the Scots and English law in the Middle Ages have long been recognised but this book re-assesses the relevance of traditional approaches to Scottish legal history in the light cast by more recent work on English legal history. The book sets the development of medieval law in the context of a society in which private lordship, exercised through relationships of tenure in land and through courts and other less formal methods of dispute settlement, played a key role alongside royal justice in the establishment of a Scottish common law in the thirteenth century. The book specifically examines the procedures of novel dissasine, mortancestry and right as they emerged and developed from 1230 to around 1500, and other legal remedies for the recovery of land. It also considers aspects of the early history of the Scottish legal profession and the origins of the Court of Session in the royal council. In particular the effect of the medieval rule that no-one was to be ejected from land except by procedures under the king’s ‘pleadable brieves’ as a limitation on the council’s jurisdiction in ‘fee and heritage’ is explored in depth. The book also suggests, however, that the medieval church and its canon law was a significant factor in the medieval development of the secular legal system.
Definitions and Reception of the Marginalised in Art and Literature
Authors: Weaver Carrie L.
Published: January 2023

To properly contextualise the bioarchaeological evidence presented in the chapters that follow, this chapter addresses pertinent issues of terminology and reception. Beginning with a consideration of terminology, key terms that are commonly used in discussions of ancient identity, such as ‘disability’, ‘deformity’, ‘poverty’, ‘class’, ‘status’, ‘ethnicity’, ‘ancestry’ and ‘race’, are defined and situated in their original cultural contexts. The focus then shifts to the Greek
reception of marginalised persons by surveying the literary and visual evidence for Greek attitudes towards disabled people, non-elite individuals of low socioeconomic status and non-Greeks.
The Other Half of the Mission: Amina ‘Bint al-Huda’ as a Representative ( Wakīla ) of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
Authors: Mauriello Raffaele
Published: January 2023

On the basis of primary biographical written sources and of interviews with members of her family and of its inner circle, the chapter addresses the figure of Bint al-Huda (1937-1980, the renowned Iraqi‘alimah, public intellectual, and social activist), in the framework of her relationship with her brother, the renowned scholar Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (1935-1980). In particular, it advances the hypothesis that at least part of this relationship could be arguably explained through the prism of the relationship between a marja‘al-taqlid (source of emulation) and his wakils (“agents,” i.e. representatives of a marja‘, who play a variety of roles as intermediaries between the marja‘ and his followers).
Criminal Desires
Authors: Choe Steve
Published: January 2023

This chapter looks at Cruising, Jade, and Killer Joe, three films that have raised controversy for their explicit representations of and linkage between violence and sexuality. Sexuality and criminality are shown to be manifest through legible performatives and not simply the expressions of a psychic condition. In this way, dissimulation and impersonation become key themes in Cruising and Jade, as identity is constituted in both films through the display of surfaces that are available for scrutiny within the melodramatic mode. Killer Joe, adapted from the play by Tracy Letts, also works with the thin line between policeman and criminal, taking the justification of violence that Friedkin has interrogated in previous films to its limits. We see that the transactional relations that comprise the ethics of the characters in this claustrophobic community of poor individuals, who have been trapped in desperate situations, seem to implode from within, culminating with the film’s explosive conclusion.
Texts without Meanings: Deconstructing the Transcendental Signified
Authors: Goldgaber Deborah
Published: January 2023

In Chapter 3, I consider how Derrida’s critique of the transcendental signified and his account of (non-correlational) textuality requires radically revising our understanding of both texts and Meaning. In particular, I consider the problem of what it means to think of reading as other than the (successful) reduction to a transcendental signified. Accounts (like Derrida’s) that aim to reduce or eliminate reliance on Meanings seem to lead to absurdity. This absurdity, John Searle argued in his famous ‘Chinese Room’ thought- experiment, generalises to all accounts that would attempt to give a purely syntactical (that is, textual) account of linguistic function. Searle’s argument, however, is question- begging. Eliminating non-textual meanings does not require affirming that it is signifiers ‘all the way down’, as he assumes. Even if there are no transcendental signifieds, there may still be textual signifieds. The textuality of meaning implies that the difference between signifier and signified is ‘internal’ to the structure of the text. The signifier and signified are entangled, mutually informing. This parasitic structure requires that we radically revise our account of textual objects, in the narrow sense, and of linguistic function generally. Translation now becomes the privileged model for thinking through the latter.
Ottoman Childhoods In Comparative Perspective
Authors: Heywood Colin
Published: January 2023

This opening chapter sets the scene for those that follow, placing their studies of Ottoman childhoods in the context of the existing historiography concerning children and childhood. For a long period, beginning with the pioneering work of Philippe Aries during the 1960s, most historical studies of childhood focused on developments in Europe and North America. However, during the twenty-first century, an increasing volume of research has looked further afield, giving the subject a global dimension. The Ottoman empire, lasting from the early fourteenth century to 1922, ruling over diverse ethnic, cultural and religious groups, and at its peak straddling parts of Asia, Africa and Europe, provides a substantial addition to this movement. The chapter relates the findings of specialists in the history of Ottoman childhoods to those of their counterparts elsewhere, particularly their neighbours in Europe and in the contrasting case of Japan. It is divided into three sections, exploring in turn salient themes in the historical literature, under the headings of conceptions of childhood, children and family life, and work and education. The underlying argument is that it was mass schooling that gradually led to the emergence of a ‘modern’ protected childhood during the nineteenth century.
An Ottoman Boyhood: Child Life in the Late Eighteenth Century Through the lens of Panayis Skouzes’ Autobiography
Authors: Gara Eleni
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines Ottoman boyhood and children’s lives in the late eighteenth century through the lens of the childhood memoirs of the Greek merchant and banker Panayis Skouzes who grew up as the son of an impoverished Christian craftsman from Athens. She shows that Skouzes’ autobiographical account, which was written in the 1840s, offers a rare glimpse into the lives of children in times of crisis. She explores the issues of memory and subjectivity when using autobiographies as a source of childhood history and discusses in what ways Skouzes’ reminiscences open a window into a world that had ceased to exist; namely, the plural society of the imperial Ottoman regime. Gara examines the various factors that impacted Skouzes’ lived experience, brings to light experiences of childhood that demonstrate agency and enterprising spirit, and discusses the broader implications for concepts of childhood in the late eighteenth-century Aegean world.
The Emotional Bond Between Early Modern Ottoman Children and Parents: A Case Study of Sünbülzade Vehbi’s ‘Ideal’ Child (1700–1800)
Authors: Elbirlik Leyla Kayhan
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the emotional bond between parents and children in the eighteenth-century specifically examining issues concerning children’s education and upbringing in the household. Focusing on the conduct manual Lutfiyye written by Sünbülzade Vehbī, in H. 1205 (1790 A.D.) for his son Lutfullah the chapter discusses what constituted a proper education, vocation, to what it means to have proper conduct, addressing in detail the moral and practical principles of marriage, family and the raising of children. While it reflects the sensibilities of the fragment of society to which Sünbülzade Vehbī belongs, the conduct manual provides insight into the imagined relationship between a child and a father in the early modern period in Istanbul. Sünbülzade Vehbi’s ‘ideal’ child is the project of a significantly gender segregated system particularly with respect to the shared and separated roles of the mother and the father. The chapter also discusses children’s relationship with their parents in the familial setting by looking at narrative of the legal texts. Numerous appeals about child custody allow for a discussion of the kind of emotional bond that parents were inclined to have with their children, and how these anticipations were realized.
Lexical Variation of an East Midlands Mining Community
Authors: Braber Natalie
Published: January 2023

Coal mining, a prominent industry once situated at the heart of communities across the East Midlands, has now completely ceased in the UK. Although there is some attempt to keep hold of the artefacts that tell us about mining, mining language remains neglected. This book shows there is a variety of ‘pit talk’ that is distinctive to the East Midlands and explains this language used by miners in their day-to-day lives.This highly specialised lexicon is now in danger of disappearing and research such as carried out in this book as well as continuing work with mining heritage groups is needed to examine how language forms a crucial part of identity.
Methodology
Authors: Braber Natalie
Published: January 2023

The data discussed in this book is based on years of research carried out in the East Midlands. Within this chapter, there is a discussion of the sources already in place which were used as comparison and contrast to the East Midlands data. It also includes information about the participants in the different stages of the project, different methods of data collection (including interviews, questionnaires and use of Sense Relation Networks). It also raises issues around positionality of the researcher and issues which must be considered when working with communities.
The Genesis of the Scottish Floating Charge
Authors: MacPherson Alisdair D J
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the arrival or ‘genesis’ of the floating charge in Scotland in 1961. It does so through the examination of archival materials from the 1950s and early 1960s, which help to shed light on how the floating charge arrived in Scots law and why it took the form that it did. The chapter also considers some of the original provisions that were replicated in later legislation, which can assist with the interpretation of the current law.
Introduction
Authors: Evans Richard , Tougher Shaun
Published: January 2023

Generalship or that ability to be a successful leader in a military context is not dependent on fortune or Tyche to ensure victory. Victory might be obtained through good luck just happening, but the soundest method of ensuring success relied, and, of course, still does, both on fastidious management in the camp and while on the march, not to mention inspiring leadership on the actual field of battle. How many or how few generals in the Ancient World measure up to such a stringent assessment of their capabilities, their practice of the art of being a general and so deserved the successes they obtained and so their subsequent immortal fame? In the following chapters the discussion aligns to this focus.
Russian Political Philosophy
Authors: van der Zweerde Evert
Published: January 2023

Covering tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, this book traces how Russian thinkers have, in the course of history, been thinking about the political (defined, in this book, as the possibility of both conflict and concord about, in principle, anything). Employing the concept of philosophical culture, it explains how political philosophy in Russia has been the work both of academic philosophers and unaffiliated thinkers, including writers like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. It examines the past and present state of political philosophy in Russia, both chronologically and conceptually, to highlight its distinctive character, importance and universal relevance. Chronologically, the focus is on the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. Conceptually, is focuses on the way in which concepts like state, law, socialism, democracy, justice, and community have obtained specific colours and shades due to Russia’s political history. The book presents original interpretations of major figures such as Vladimir I. Lenin and Vladimir S. Solov’ëv, highlights the Russian roots of Ayn Rand and Alexandre Kojève and introduces less well-known thinkers like Semën L. Frank and m. Maria (Skobtsova). Drawing from primary sources in the original language, but pointing to translations where possible, the book provides access to a world of thought and brings to life the rich history of political philosophy in Russia. A glossary of Russian terms, a timeline, and an extensive index make the book easy to navigate.
Christian Political Philosophy in a Modernising World – Preparing for God’s Kingdom
Authors: van der Zweerde Evert
Published: January 2023

What is the role of humans in God’s Plan with Creation? During the second half of the 19th C, four major thinkers made a lasting impression on Russian, partly also foreign audiences. Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Fëdorov and Vl. Solov’ëv each presented their own version of a Christian world-view, self-made or faithfully Orthodox to varying extents, but in all cases with clear social and political philosophical implications. They also, each in their own way, exemplify the attempt to transform Christianity in such a way that it would fit a rapidly modernising society and to address a number of burning questions including the “social question”, questions around Russia’s identity and mission, and questions around the place of Orthodox Christianity within Christianity in general and, beyond that, world religion. Particular attention is paid to humankind’s obligation to improve itself and, by doing so, pave the way to and prepare for the realisation of God’s Kingdom on Earth, or even to organise universal Resurrection.
Phantoms, Drifters, and Desiring Saints: Landscapes, Soundscapes, and Becoming-queer in the Films of João Pedro Rodrigues and João Rui Guerra da Mata
Authors: Filipović Andrija
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the relation between landscapes, soundscapes and the concept becoming-queer in O Fantasma (Phantom, 2000), Odete (Two Drifters (2005), Morrer como um Homem (To Die Like a Man, 2009) and O Ornitólogo (The Ornithologist, 2016). As Agamben, Deleuze and Guattari note in their works, landscape is deeply connected to the certain image of the human. Landscape, then, is a form-of-life. The concept of becoming-queer is used here to point out the ways in which Rodrigues and da Mata go beyond simple representation of gay or transgender identity, and open the bodies of characters to “natural” and “artificial” environments and milieus surpassing the traditional humanist division of human and non-human, natural and cultural, without naturalizing or denaturalizing queer desire but constructing a third “way” beyond linear and non-linear divide. What Rodrigues and da Mata do is a construction of a specific image of becoming-queer. Such an image constructs the nature/culture-body/subject complex with relations that are neither linear nor non-linear, but material in their differentiation which queers any notion of stability. In a word, an image of materiality that is beyond the face-landscape assemblage and its organic, all too human, representation of the world.
Platform Paper: Reflections of Cultures in Corpus Texts: Focus on the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Schneider Edgar W.
Published: January 2023

The invited paper on cultural linguistics by Edgar Schneider serves as the platform for this collection of research studies, featuring varieties in the Indo-Pacific region. Schneider postulates three types of nexus between language and culture inherent in individual regional varieties, based on the writings of Hofstede (2001) and Minkov (2013), and offers a systematic way to analyse the different kinds of cultural contact or contextual influences to be seen in varieties of English, using different kinds of linguistic markers. He uses data from the ICE corpora for Great Britain, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore and India to show how these five varieties compare on features representing the three nexuses: nexus 1- expressions for material objects and cultural practices; nexus 2- indicator terms for social behaviors as dimensions of culture; and nexus 3- preferred structural schemas and constructions that align with sociocultural parameters. He finds statistically significant differences between the five regional varieties on many of the variables associated with nexus 1 and 2, but only 2 of the 10 variables investigated in relation to nexus 3 proved significant. Schneider comments that it is the most abstract of the three nexuses, and may intersect with other linguistic variables.
Represented Bodies: The Lawyer, Conclusions and Circumstantial Evidence in Lady Audley’s Secret
Authors: Peter J. Katz
Published: January 2023

This chapter challenges the larger negotiation around literary authority to assert that whether authority comes from scholarly hermeneutics or popular feeling, if that power comes from or at the expense of another person, it is unethical. To accomplish this, it looks at Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret as a text that resists conclusions: literary, legal, and moral. The novel is sceptical of a version of Associationism that requires legible bodies, that demands women annihilate themselves for men through self-renunciation, and that equates representations of bodies and lived bodies. It is deeply invested in the refutation of simplified science that lacks self-criticism and claims totalising knowledge. Rather than dwell on foregone conclusions put forth by the ostensible barrister Robert Audley, the text thrives on contingency and incompleteness as resistance. Circumstantial evidence sits in the centre of this challenge: the novel decries the idea that a compelling story can convict. Representations, it insists, are not material; they are merely tools that insist on knowing rather than acknowledging.
The Incomplete: Film, Politics, and Remembering the Past
Authors: Ahmadi Tara Najd
Published: January 2023

Tara Najd Ahmadi’s chapter »The Incomplete: Film, Politics, and Remembering the Past« explores Kianoush Ayari’s unfinished documentary Tāzeh Nafas-hā/The Newborns, which he shot in the streets of Tehran with a handheld 16 mm camera during the summer of 1979 shortly after the toppling of the Shah’s monarchy. The film documents a unique transitional point, when everything still seemed possible and nothing was yet decided, and thus confronts us with the crucial question: »What is to be done after the revolution?« Najd Ahmadi takes the open character of the film (which can be felt even today), its unfinished form, and the revolutionary fervor it documents as a starting point for a meticulous close reading, that explores the aesthetic qualities of The Newborns and sheds light on the emancipatory and resistant potentials that can be found in unfinished projects. With Najd Ahmadi’s reading, Ayari’s film becomes accessible as a great counter-archive of »erased history where we can look for the lost pieces of our collective memory« (p. 29).
Counter-Investigations. on Matchboxes, Black Boxes, and Other Forgotten Futures
Authors: Makaremi Chowra , Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

The third chapter, entitled »Counter-Investigations: On Matchboxes, Black Boxes, and other Forgotten Futures,« is a conversation between anthropologist and ﬁlmmaker Chowra Makaremi and philosopher and image theorist Emmanuel Alloa around Hitch: An Iranian Story (2019), Makaremi’s internationally acclaimed ﬁrst documentary feature. Based on a long-running work using auto-ﬁction and visual anthropology, the movie confronts state violence in post-revolution Iran, documenting a family history of political disappearances and executions in the 1980s, and its memorializing through different frames of denial within the country and in exile. The conversation between Makaremi and Alloa continues the ›counter-investigations‹ of the ﬁlm with other means and further questions circling around a set of crucial concerns: How could silence and symbolic violence be broken? How to loosen the grip of denial and the intimate scratches of power? How can facts be re-established and acts of repair be performed? How can memory holes be ﬁlled or at least shaped with appropriate words, images, gestures, concepts, and even mythological narrations from another culture, such as the story of Antigone?
Seeking Love in the Interstices: Acousmatic Listening as Counter-Memory in Abbas Kiarostami’s Shirin (2008)
Authors: Langford Michelle
Published: January 2023

Michelle Langford proposes a new close reading or, better, close listening of Kiarostami’s ﬁlm experiment. As is well known, Kiarostami’s adaptation of the classical Persian tale of Khosrow and Shirin completely withholds the images of the story, allowing us instead to watch the faces of 114 actresses – all Iranian except one – as they themselves watch the ﬁlm that we only experience acousmatically. While Kiarostami’s self-reﬂexive attention to the act of watching has engendered a signiﬁcant amount of scholarship that focuses largely on questions of vision, gender, and spectatorship, Langford focuses on the off-screen sounds, voices, and music, demonstrating how Kiarostami circumvents the hegemonic privilege of vision, which allows him to completely ignore the censorship guidelines. Langford argues that by rendering the love story acousmatically, Kiarostami makes audible a veritable ›blind spot‹ in Iranian cinema: romantic love, a ﬁgure that has been almost completely effaced in post-revolutionary cinema, returns as a counter-memory, »one that reactivates the traces of an epic-poetic tradition and in doing so challenges the hegemony of censorship« (p. 147). The counter-memories nest in the »richly allusive interstitial space between sound and image« (p. 163), encouraging affective listening and giving a sonic body to the woman’s desires.
Filmfarsi as Counter-Memory
Authors: Partovi Pedram
Published: January 2023

In his contribution »Filmfarsi as Counter-Memory,« Pedram Partovi also deals with the return, or rather the hidden afterlife and survival, of a supposedly disappeared cultural heritage: the passing of actor Nasir Malik Muti’i in May 2018 spurred a debate among Iranians about filmfarsi (ʿPersian-filmʾ), the often-derogatory term that critics, industry people, and even fans have used in reference to the Pahlavi-era popular commercial cinema, and its place in ʿnational culture.ʾ The passing in the year 2000 of another banned filmfarsi legend, Muhammad ʿAli Fardin, had invited similar public reactions and similar criticisms of the state media and judiciary for their shameful treatment of a national ʿicon.ʾ Partovi’s contribution sheds new light on Iranians’ ʿfaulty,ʾ yet shifting, memories of the offcially demonized filmfarsi since the Islamic Revolution. He argues in his chapter that filmfarsi has functioned as a counter-memory, an absent presence in the minds of millions, that decades of imposed forgetting (or imposed memories) did not manage to extinguish, and as a counter-archive of images, sounds, icons, and motives »that has problematized official ideas of Iranian cinema and national culture both before and after the Islamic Revolution of 1978-9« (p. 189).
Immunisation And The Natural Sciences: Esposito On Disciplines, Deconstruction And Equilibrium
Authors: Mitchell Robert
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the role of natural scientific texts and their truth claims in Roberto Esposito’s work on biopolitics, and especially in Immunitas(2002) and Third Person(2007). The relationship of natural scientific texts to other disciplines, such as philosophy, political science and anthropology, is central to Esposito’s argument in Third Personabout the emergence of a post-Enlightenment understanding of political philosophy, law and the key category of ‘the person’. In Third Person, Esposito suggests that contemporary philosophy must engage with contemporary scientific disciplines, and exemplifies this in Immunitasby drawing on natural scientific claims about the immune system, especially as these relate to the mother-fetus relationship. Esposito’s use of natural scientific claims in Immunitashas provoked heated critiques of his project. Focusing on Penelope Deutscher’s and Cary Wolfe’s critiques, this chapter argues that Esposito does not draw on the sciences for foundational, naturalising truths, but rather for examples of what Esposito describes as the emergence of a norm within a living process. This understanding of norm is related to Esposito’s more general concept of equilibrium, which he conceives not as the return to a former state, but rather as the production of a balance of forces among entities.