bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Physicians about the Interrelationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Matrooshi Khawla Al , Raeesi Sireen Al , Tawfik Abdel R. , Khamis Amar H. , Bain Crawford , Atieh Momen , Shah Maanas
Published: July 2022

Objective Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), highlighting a significant social and economic burden impacting the development of the country. Studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. The awareness of this relationship is imperative not only for dentists but also for the physicians who contribute toward enhancing a diabetic patient's health and lifestyle. There is a general need to highlight the importance of maintaining periodontal health and its positive effect on controlling diabetic health status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge of the physicians regarding diabetes and periodontal health.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study involving a questionnaire was distributed to the physicians who were attending the Arab Health Conference in Dubai in 2019.

Statistical Analyses A cross-tabulation analysis compared attitude, knowledge, and awareness across sector, gender, and country of graduation. A logistic regression model was used to explain the “knowledge” regarding possible confounding factors.

Results A total of 344 physicians with an average age of 38.11 (9.31) years, comprising of 186 (53.8%) males, participated in the survey. Of those participants, 285 (82.8%) were working in the government sector health care centers versus the private health care organizations. Also, 108 (31.4%) of the participants graduated within the universities based in the UAE, while the remaining 263 (68.6%) participants graduated from medical schools from other countries. At least 265 (77%) of the participants had positive outlook toward referring patients with diabetes to their dental colleagues, while 283 (82.3%) of the physicians acknowledge that diabetes affects periodontal health. While a majority of participants 261 (76%) treat diabetic patients in their clinical practice, only 50 (19%) of the participants admit to referring these patients for a dental consultation. In addition, the survey also revealed that 225 (65.5%) physicians comprehend the bidirectional relationship of periodontal disease and diabetes.

Conclusion An appropriate dental referral protocol is recommended for all diabetic patients who visit physicians. This survey demonstrated that although the physicians present with good knowledge, they rarely refer diabetic patients to receive proper periodontal care.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis with Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in a 9-Year-Old Child after COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Balik Ayse Özlem , Gurdal Kosem Esra
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to present the rare co-occurring radiological findings of a child presenting with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with a spinal cord and prefrontal cortex involvement after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. The patient, who had COVID-19 a few weeks earlier, presented with progressive weakness in the right upper and lower extremities. Neurological examination of the patient was performed, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was taken on the same day. Serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus immunoglobulin M antibody testing was positive. MRI of the brain parenchyma and thoracic spine revealed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and T2-weighted hyperintense lesions. Additionally, mild contrast enhancement was observed in both the prefrontal cortexes. The patient was discharged 10 days later with complete clinical recovery. Unlike other post-COVID-19 ADEM cases presenting in the literature, prefrontal cortex involvement makes our case rare.
Perceptions of Geriatric Medicine and Care of the Elderly: An Exploratory Survey of Physicians from the Middle East and Africa
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Hafidh Khadija , Abdulrahman Husen , Hammami Sonia Ouali
Published: July 2022

Background The number of older people is growing in the Middle East and Africa (MEA). We aimed to explore the attitudes of MEA's physicians toward the care of the elderly and nursing homes.

Methods We surveyed 137 doctors practicing in the MEA region in 2017 using an online questionnaire that included attitude scales of geriatrics and nursing homes.

Results Most respondents were senior (47.1%) or in middle grades (35.3%), in public facilities (77.4%), and practiced internal medicine and subspecialties. More respondents (86%) agreed with what was perceived as the most exciting and entertaining qualities of most older people in their accounts of their past experiences. Also, 69.0% of respondents disagreed that older people need/demand no more attention or love than younger people. At the same time, 43.6% of respondents were neutral on the question relating to older people's power in business and politics. Positive attitudes, that is, older people's willingness to continue working for as long as possible, and that wisdom with age scored 61.5% was supported by 85.1 and 61.5% of the respondents, respectively.

On the other hand, 53.7% of respondents agreed that older people could not adjust and change with changing circumstances, 70.9% disagreed that older people make neighborhoods less favorable. However, only 15.5% disagreed with the statement that older people cannot adjust and change with changing circumstances. Nearly two-thirds thought nursing homes were not well developed (63.0%) in the MEA region. Also, 59.8% said that the expected reimbursement is low, 57.7% were concerned about complicated medical problems, and 57.3% highlighted the deficits in training. There was low satisfaction with providing nursing home care despite agreeing that they may feel professionally satisfied providing nursing home care (49.5%). The respondents were neutral (47.3%) or somewhat agreed (42.9%) about enjoying nursing home care.

Conclusion There is a suboptimal attitude of practicing physicians to geriatrics that needs improvements.
Writing and Reading Skills in Children with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes: Systematic Review
Authors: Teixeira Joana , Santos Maria Emília , Oom Paulo
Published: July 2022

In this study, we present the results from a systematic literature review that aimed to gather information about the writing and reading capacities of children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. This research comprises studies published between 2005 and 2016 in PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo that included the keywords “benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes”/ “rolandic epilepsy” with “written language”/ “reading” / “writing” / “literacy”/ “learning disabilities.” The study selection criteria were: (i) conducted with children with this epileptic syndrome aged between 5:11 and 16; (ii) involving children with active epilepsy or in remission; (iii) assessing written language or learning skills involving reading and writing; and (iv) published in journals with scientific refereeing. From the articles that met all the criteria defined, we compiled and synthesized the information about written language abilities. Reading problems appear to have higher incidence in this population, mostly with regard to the speed and reading accuracy and the ability to comprehend a written text. Fewer limitations were found in writing skills, but some studies showed difficulties in words writing, punctuation/ accentuation, and spontaneous writing coherence and cohesion. We also found disparities in the results regarding the relationship between writing skills and the clinical variables associated with epilepsy. Despite the heterogeneity of this population, it was possible to synthesize and define more precisely the written language variations presented. However, more concrete information is needed about written language disorders in this population, to present valid data to support clinical and pedagogical practices.
Rationale and Initiative of the Impella in Cardiac Surgery (ImCarS) Register Platform
Authors: Niemann Bernd , Stoppe Christian , Wittenberg Michael , Rohrbach Susanne , Saeed Diyar , Billion Michael , Potapov Evgenij , Oezkur Mehmet , Akhyari Payam , Schmack Bastian , Schibilsky David , Bernhardt Alexander M. , Schmitto Jan D. , Hagl Christian , Masiello Paolo , Böning Andreas
Published: July 2022

Objectives Cardiac support systems are being used increasingly more due to the growing prevalence of heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Reducing cardiac afterload, intracardiac pressure, and flow support are important factors. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intracardiac microaxial pump systems (Impella) as non-permanent MCS (mechanical circulatory support) are being used increasingly.

Methods We reviewed the recent literature and developed an international European registry for non-permanent MCS.

Results Life-threatening conditions that are observed preoperatively often include reduced left ventricular function, systemic hypoperfusion, myocardial infarction, acute and chronic heart failure, myocarditis, and valve vitia. Postoperative complications that are commonly observed include severe systemic inflammatory response, ischemia-reperfusion injury, trauma-related disorders, which ultimately may lead to low cardiac output (CO) syndrome and organ dysfunctions, which necessitates a prolonged ICU stay. Choosing the appropriate device for support is critical. The management strategies and complications differ by system. The “heart-team” approach is inevitably needed.

However despite previous efforts to elucidate these topics, it remains largely unclear which patients benefit from certain systems, when is the right time to initiate (MCS), which support system is appropriate, what is the optimal level and type of support, which therapeutic additive and supportive strategies should be considered and ultimately, what are the future prospects and therapeutic developments.

Conclusion The European cardiac surgical register ImCarS has been established as an IIT with the overall aim to evaluate data received from the daily clinical practice in cardiac surgery. Interested colleagues are cordially invited to join the register.

Clinical registration number: DRKS00024560.

Positive Ethics Vote: AZ 246/20 Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University-Gießen.
Bypass Grafting to Circumflex: Left Internal Thoracic Artery versus Saphenous Vein
Authors: Uchino Gaku , Murakami Hirohisa , Mukohara Nobuhiko , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nomura Yoshikatsu , Miyahara Shunsuke
Published: July 2022

Background This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) and in situ left internal thoracic artery (LITA) grafts to the left circumflex artery (LCX) territory.

Methods This study included 678 patients who underwent LITA-left anterior descending (LAD) + SVG-LCX grafts and 286 patients who underwent right internal thoracic artery (RITA)-LAD + in situ LITA-LCX grafts from January 2002 to December 2020. Short-term and long-term clinical outcomes were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment to reduce selection bias.

Results In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for the SVG-LCX group (p = 0.008), whereas deep sternal wound infection was significantly higher in the LITA-LCX group (p = 0.013).

Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 83.12 and 71.45% in the SVG-LCX group, whereas 75.24 and 65.54% in the LITA-LCX group (log-rank p = 0.114). Rates of freedom from cardiac events at 5 and 10 years were 92.82 and 85.24% in the SVG-LCX group, whereas 94.89 and 89.46% in the LITA-LCX group (log-rank p = 0.179).

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that proximal severe stenosis was significantly protective against graft dysfunction before discharge (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.81).

Conclusion Deep sternal wound infection was significantly higher for LITA to LCX bypass whereas in-hospital mortality was higher for SVG to LCX. In situ LITA to LCX bypass grafting exhibited similar long-term outcomes with SVG to LCX bypass grafting in adjusted patient cohorts. Proximal severe stenosis of LCX was protective against graft dysfunction.
Office-Based Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery: Supermicrosurgical Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis at an Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Yamamoto Nana
Published: July 2022

Background Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) has become popular for the treatment of compression-refractory lymphedema. With advancement of navigation tools, LVA can be performed with more ease and safety, allowing office-based LVA at an outpatient clinic.

Methods Office-based LVA was performed on patients with compression-refractory secondary extremity lymphedema by a well-experienced supermicrosurgeon (T.Y.) under local infiltration anesthesia. Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography and vein visualizer were used to localize vessels preoperatively. A stereoscopic microscope (Leica S6E, Leica Microsystems, Germany) or a relatively small operative microscope (OPMI pico, Carl Zeiss, Germany) was used for LVA. Operative records and postoperative results were reviewed to evaluate feasibility of office-based LVA.

Results LVAs were performed on 27 arms and 42 legs, which resulted in 131 anastomoses via 117 incisions. ICG lymphography stage included stage II in 47 limbs, and stage III in 22 limbs. Time required for one LVA procedure (from skin incision to skin closure in one surgical field) ranged from 13 to 37 minutes (average, 24.9 minutes). One year after LVA, all cases showed significant volume reduction (lymphedematous volume reduction; 0.5–23.6%, average 13.23%). No postoperative complication was observed.

Conclusion LVA can be performed with safety and effectiveness outside an operation theater. Patient selection, precise preoperative mapping, and experience of a surgeon are key to successful office-based LVA.
Social Skills Differences in Children with Epilepsy and Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Levan Ashley , Fegter Ollie , Gale Shawn D.
Published: July 2022

Research has shown that children experiencing epileptic seizures (ES) or non-ESs (NES) exhibit cognitive and behavioral deficits, but no research has examined social skills differences between the two groups. A better understanding of social skills differences between these two groups might allow for the development of more targeted interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine social skills differences between children with ES and children with NES, using the Social Skills Improvement Scale (SSIS). A total of 43 children were recruited from the epilepsy monitoring units at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Primary Children's Medical Center. The epilepsy group consisted of 28 participants (50% female, mean age at testing = 11.79, standard deviation [SD] = 3.12), and the NES group consisted of 15 participants (67% female; mean age at testing = 12.62, SD = 3.33). Parents and children completed the SSIS Rating Scales. No group differences were found between children with ES and children with NES on social skills measures. However, children in both groups rated their social skills as being in the average range, while parents of children in both groups rated their children's social skills as being in the below average range. Limitations to this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Endovascular Management of Intracranial Pial Arteriovenous Fistula with Giant Venous Varix: Case Report and Review of Literature.
Authors: Yadav Nishtha , Kumar Ambuj , Hedaoo Ketan , Pande Sonjjay
Published: July 2022

Background: Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare intracranial vascular malformation and their treatment is challenging because of high-flow pial supply of the lesion. We report a case of intracranial pial AVF with associated giant venous varices managed successfully by embolization.

Case Description: A 25-year-old male presented with sudden onset headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomographic scan was suggestive of frontal lobar hematoma that had dissected into the third ventricle with associated intraventricular hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed presence of large vascular channels with the presence of multiple flow voids in bilateral frontal location. Digital subtraction angiography revealed pial fistula with arterial supply from hypertrophied left anterior cerebral artery. Treatment was done using combined coil and onyx embolization after careful analysis of angioarchitecture of the lesion using three-dimensional rotational angiogram cross-sectional reconstructions. Postprocedure angiogram revealed closure of fistula and giant varices.

Conclusion: Pial AVFs with giant venous varix in adults are rare vascular malformation and understanding the angioarchitecture with exact identification of fistulous point is important to plan for surgical/endovascular management strategies. Combined strategy of embolization using coils and onyx is a safe option in such cases with giant varices.
Biliary Leaks and Bilomas: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management Techniques
Authors: Gowda Prateek C. , Georgiades Christos S. , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: July 2022

Biliary leaks and bilomas are significant complications that arise more commonly from iatrogenic or traumatic bile duct injury. These are increasingly occurring primarily due to the growing number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed. Diagnosis can be challenging because of nonspecific patient symptoms, but early recognition and treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Detection of biliary leaks involves a strong clinical suspicion and multimodal imaging studies, including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, cholescintigraphy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Definitive treatment most often requires the endoscopic placement of biliary stents to decrease pressure in the biliary system and the placement of a percutaneous drain for drainage if a biloma is found. However, biliary leaks are heterogeneous in their severity and location, and some are refractory to the standard approach. In such cases, novel and minimally invasive techniques, rather than surgical procedures, have been described for the treatment of biliary leaks. Diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach by diagnostic radiologists, interventional radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons.
Questioning the randomness of genetics could preemptively predict mutations
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: July 2022

Digital data storage and COVID-19 RNA genomes show second law of information dynamics acts opposite to the second law of thermodynamics.
Study on electrical activity of grain boundaries in silicon through systematic control of structural parameters and characterization using a pretrained machine learning model
Authors: Fukuda Yusuke , Kutsukake Kentaro , Kojima Takuto , Ohno Yutaka , Usami Noritaka
Published: July 2022

We report on the effects of grain boundary (GB) structures on the carrier recombination velocity at GB (vGB) in multicrystalline Si (mc-Si). The fabricated artificial GBs and an originally developed machine learning model allowed an investigation of the effect of three macroscopic parameters, misorientation angle α for Σ values, asymmetric angle β, and deviation angle θ from the ingot growth direction. Totally, 13 GBs were formed by directional solidification using multi-seeds with controlled crystal orientations. vGB was evaluated directly from photoluminescence intensity profiles across GBs using a pre-trained machine learning model, which allowed a quantitative and continuous evaluation along GBs. The evaluation results indicated that the impact of θ on vGB would be relatively large among the three macroscopic parameters. In addition, the results for the Σ5 and Σ13 GBs suggested that the minimum vGB would be related to the GB energy. These results were discussed in terms of the complexity of the local reconstruction of GB structures. The deviation would make a more complex reconstructed GB structure with local distortion, resulting in an increase in the electrical activity of GBs. The obtained knowledge will contribute to improving various polycrystalline materials through a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between GB structures and their properties.
First-principles indicators of ferroic parameters in epitaxial BiFeO3 and BiCrO3
Authors: Walden Michael R. , Ciobanu Cristian V. , Brennecka Geoff L.
Published: July 2022

Density-functional theory is used to validate spin-resolved and orbital-resolved metrics of localized electronic states to anticipate ferroic and dielectric properties of BiFeO3 and BiCrO3 under epitaxial strain. Using previous investigations of epitaxial phase stability in these systems, trends in properties such as spontaneous polarization and bandgap are compared to trends in atomic orbital occupation derived from projected density of states. Based on first principles theories of ferroic and dielectric properties, such as the Modern Theory of Polarization for spontaneous polarization or Goodenough–Kanamori theory for magnetic interactions, this work validates the sufficiency of metrics of localized electronic states to predict trends in multiple ferroic and dielectric properties. Capabilities of these metrics include the anticipation of the transition from G-Type to C-Type antiferromagnetism in BiFeO3 under 4.2% compressive epitaxial strain and the interval of C-Type antiferromagnetism from 3% to 7% tensile epitaxial strain in BiCrO3. The results of this work suggest a capability of localized electronic metrics to predict multiferroic characteristics in the BiXO3 systems under epitaxial strain, with single or mixed B-site occupation.
Terahertz response of ultrafast spin polarization in semi-insulating GaAs
Authors: Wang Bo , Wei Gaoshuai , Chen Jianing , Wang Li
Published: July 2022

Due to its high sensitivity and time-resolved ability, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast carrier dynamics in semiconductors. In addition to charges, spins of ultrafast carriers provide an alternate degree of freedom to design modern electronic devices but are rarely studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Here, ultrafast spin polarization in semi-insulating GaAs is studied by optical-pump terahertz-probe experiments at room temperature. We used circularly and linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses to inject nonequilibrium carriers in GaAs and observed that both the transmitted and reflected terahertz signals exhibited different dynamical evolutions under the excitations of linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses, which are ascribed to the generation and relaxation of spin-polarized electrons. The lifetime of the ultrafast spin polarization was obtained from our experiments, highlighting the potentialities of terahertz spectroscopy for the investigation of spin relaxation in semiconductors.
Model of charge transfer collisions between C60 and slow ions
Authors: Smucker J. , Montgomery J. A. , Bredice M. , Rozman M. G. , Côté R. , Sadeghpour H. R. , Vrinceanu D. , Kharchenko V.
Published: July 2022

A semiclassical model describing the charge transfer collisions of C60 fullerene with different slow ions has been developed to analyze available observations. These data reveal multiple Breit–Wigner-like peaks in the cross sections, with subsequent peaks of reactive cross sections decreasing in magnitude. Calculations of charge transfer probabilities, quasi-resonant cross sections, and cross sections for reactive collisions have been performed using semiempirical interaction potentials between fullerenes and ion projectiles. All computations have been carried out with realistic wave functions for C60’s valence electrons derived from the simplified jellium model. The quality of these electron wave functions has been successfully verified by comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data on the small angle cross sections of resonant C60+C60+ collisions. Using the semiempirical potentials to describe resonant scattering phenomena in C60 collisions with ions and Landau–Zener charge transfer theory, we calculated theoretical cross sections for various C60 charge transfer and fragmentation reactions which agree with experiments.
Sensitivity of organic matter mineralisation to water availability: role of solute diffusivity and the ‘Birch effect’
Authors: Qiu Weiwen , Curtin Denis , Hu Wei , Beare Mike
Published: July 2022

Context Several functions are used to describe the effects of soil water content on organic matter mineralisation. A meta-analysis of published studies identified relative water content (RWC; available water relative to the soil’s available water holding capacity) as the best water descriptor for N mineralisation. Aims To evaluate RWC as a predictor of C and N mineralisation in New Zealand soils; and to investigate how solute diffusivity and the ‘Birch effect’ may help to explain this relationship. Methods Three agricultural soils (0–15 cm), differing in water holding capacity were incubated (8-week; 20°C) under a range of RWCs to measure carbon (respiration) and net N mineralisation. After 4 weeks, a subset of samples from each treatment were re-wetted to field capacity for a further 4-weeks to quantify the respiration response to re-wetting. Key results For all three soils, there was a linear relationship between respiration and RWC where the C respired at the wilting point (RWC = 0) was ∼25–30% of that at field capacity (RWC = 1.0). Results from a solute diffusivity model suggested that a decrease in microbial substrate supply, owing to restricted diffusion of dissolved organic compounds, contributed to moisture-induced decline in respiration. A respiration flush was not observed when RWC was >0 at re-wetting. Nitrogen mineralisation was non-linearly related to RWC, with small decreases in RWC below 1.0 (optimum) having a greater effect on N, than C, mineralisation. Conclusions RWC may be a reliable ‘water modifier’ to describe the influence of soil moisture on respiration. Further work is recommended to verify the RWC vs net N mineralisation relationship observed in this study.
Hippo-TAZ signaling is the master regulator of the onset of triple-negative basal-like breast cancers
Authors: Soyama Hirotoshi , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Sakuma Toshiko , Takao Shintaro , Hara Shigeo , Masuda Takaaki , Mimori Koshi , Toyokuni Shinya , Lydon John P. , Nakao Kazuwa , Nishina Hiroshi , Fukumoto Takumi , Maehama Tomohiko , Suzuki Akira
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive form of this disease, and patients have a poor prognosis. Here, we present data suggesting that the Hippo–transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) pathway is a key driver of BLBC onset and progression. Deletion of
Mob1a/b
in mouse mammary luminal epithelium induced rapid and highly reproducible mammary tumorigenesis that was dependent on TAZ but not yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). In situ early-stage BLBC-like malignancies developed in mutant animals by 2 wk of age, and invasive BLBC appeared by 4 wk. In a human estrogen receptor
+
luminal breast cancer cell line, TAZ hyperactivation skewed the features of these luminal cells to the basal phenotype, consistent with the aberrant TAZ activation frequently observed in human precancerous BLBC lesions. TP53 mutation is rare in human precancerous BLBC but frequent in invasive BLBC. Addition of
Trp53
deficiency to our
Mob1a/b
-deficient mouse model enhanced tumor grade and accelerated cancer progression. Our work justifies targeting the Hippo-TAZ pathway as a therapy for human BLBC, and our mouse model represents a powerful tool for evaluating candidate agents.
Phenylthiol-BODIPY-based supramolecular metallacycles for synergistic tumor chemo-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lin Xiongjie , Chen Feng , Yu Xiujun , Wang Heng , Qiu Huayu , Li Yang , Yin Shouchun , Stang Peter J.
Published: July 2022

The development of more effective tumor therapy remains challenging and has received widespread attention. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in synergistic tumor therapy based on supramolecular coordination complexes. Herein, we describe two triangular metallacycles (1 and 2) constructed by the formation of pyridyl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)–platinum coordination. Metallacycle 2 had considerable tumor penetration, as evidenced by the phenylthiol-BODIPY ligand imparting red fluorescent emission at ∼660 nm, enabling bioimaging, and transport visualization within the tumor. Based on the therapeutic efficacy of the platinum(II) acceptor and high singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
) generation ability of BODIPY, 2 was successfully incorporated into nanoparticles and applied in chemo-photodynamic tumor therapy against malignant human glioma U87 cells, showing excellent synergistic therapeutic efficacy. A half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.35 μM was measured for 2 against U87 cancer cells in vitro. In vivo experiments indicated that 2 displayed precise tumor targeting ability and good biocompatibility, along with strong antitumor effects. This work provides a promising approach for treating solid tumors by synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of supramolecular coordination complexes.
Boat encounter with the 2019 Java bioluminescent milky sea: Views from on-deck confirm satellite detection
Authors: Miller Steven D.
Published: July 2022

“Milky seas” are massive swaths of uniformly and steadily glowing ocean seen at night. The phenomenon is thought to be caused by luminous bacteria, but details of milky sea composition, structure, cause, and implications in nature remain largely uncertain. Between late July and early September 2019, specialized low-light satellite sensors detected a possible bioluminescent milky sea south of Java, Indonesia, spanning >100,000 km
2
. Upon learning of these findings, crew members of the yacht
Ganesha
reached out to confirm and share details of their personal encounter with this same event. Here, we document
Ganesha
’s experience as recalled by the crew, compare their course to satellite data, and assess their photography of this milky sea.
“I am a real cat”
Authors: Truan Naomi
Published: July 2022

This paper is an exploration of the variety of French-speaking cats on Twitter. Among the many creative phenomena that the internet has produced, animal-related language varieties, the language used by pets, have been explored as early as the 2000s, yet with a strong and almost exclusive focus on English. I first describe the shared repertoire of lexical, semantic, phonographic, and syntactic features used by French-speaking cats, and show how the simultaneous use of a childlike code and a formal register constructs the sociolinguistic persona of cats as ambivalent animals. I argue that the French variety has become “enregistered” (Squires 2010) insofar as it is perceived and ideologically constructed as a variety of its own while promoting a welcoming culture towards new members. In doing so, cats show that the belonging to a community of practice, notably by drawing on a common repertoire of resources, does not need to be linked with processes of exclusion.
Legitimization and recontextualization of languages
Authors: Simungala Gabriel , Jimaima Hambaba
Published: July 2022

We use the uneven distribution of languages in the public spaces of the University of Zambia and the voices and narratives that emerge to argue for legitimization and recontextualization as critical components in the presence and contestations of languages. Using data from interviews and photographs of signage in place, we show legitimization of foreign languages in which English, Japanese, and Chinese forge a place of linguistic contestation and legitimization through control and superiority. We argue for the apparent hegemony of foreign languages and the striking paucity of monolingual signage of indigenous languages as the imbalance of powers. While the former shows the influence of the global in the local, the prospects for the latter continue to diminish as their chances and opportunities as linguistic capital for wider/global communication do not look so favourable. We conclude with the glaring reality of recontextualization as capital for the display of indigenous inclined discourses.
Does nutritional status influence the effects of a multicomponent exercise programme on body composition and physical fitness in older adults with limited physical function?
Authors: Moradell Ana , Fernández‐García Ángel I. , Navarrete‐Villanueva David , Pérez‐Gómez Jorge , Gesteiro Eva , Ara Royo Ignacio , Casajús Jose Antonio , Gómez‐Cabello Alba , Vicente‐Rodríguez Germán
Published: July 2022

Physical exercise effects and ageing on fitness may be influenced by nutritional status. This study investigates the effects of a 6‐month multicomponent exercise training (MCT) on nutritional status and evaluates if this type of exercise could affect differently body composition and physical fitness depending on the nutritional status of older adults with decreased functional capacity. Ninety‐three participants (80.4 ± 6.0 y) were divided into control (n = 45) and intervention (n = 48) groups. The intervention consisted of a 6‐month multicomponent training. Comparisons between changes in body composition and fitness during the 6‐months were performed between individuals at risk of malnutrition and those well‐nourished, according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Model mixed‐effect analyses were used to investigate differences after the 6 months of MCT between groups. Well‐nourished participants compared with those at risk of malnutrition had higher: arm (13.4 ± 3.5 vs 14.3 ± 33.6 repetitions) and leg strength (9.0 ± 3.0 vs 11.1 ± 3.3 repetitions), maximum walking speed (31.6 ± 13.1 vs 23.7 ± 6.3s), agility (11.9 ± 5.8 vs 8.3 ± 2.1s), and aerobic capacity (31.6 ± 13.1 vs 23.7 ± 6.3 m), at baseline. After the training, those without risk of malnutrition in CON decreased their nutritional status (−1.7 + 0.7 points). Those well‐nourished that performed the intervention decreased total fat mass (−1.0 ± 0.3 kg) and body fat percentage (−1.2 ± 0.4%). Both groups of training improved similarly in all tests, except for balance, in which the well‐nourished showed improvements of 6.3 ± 1.9s. These results underline the usefulness of MCT in improving physical fitness regardless of nutritional status and preventing nutritional status detriment in well‐nourished older adults, who are fitter and benefit more, in terms of body composition.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03831841.
Recent advances in petahertz electric field sampling
Authors: Herbst A , Scheffter K , Bidhendi M M , Kieker M , Srivastava A , Fattahi H
Published: July 2022

The ability to resolve the complete electric field of laser pulses from terahertz to mid-infrared spectral ranges has enriched time-domain spectroscopy for decades. Field-resolved measurements in this range have been performed routinely in ambient air by various techniques like electro-optic sampling, photoconductive switching, field-induced second harmonic generation, and time stretch photonics. On the contrary, resolving the electric field of light at the near-infrared spectral range has been limited to attosecond streaking and other techniques that require operation in vacuum. Recent advances are circumventing these shortcomings and extending the direct, ambient air field detection of light to petahertz frequencies. In the first part of this letter, recent field-resolved techniques are reviewed. In the second part, different approaches for temporal scanning are discussed, as the temporal resolution of the time-domain methods is prone to temporal jitter. The review concludes by discussing technological obstacles and emerging applications of such advancements.
Insights into the limitations to vibrational excitation of CO2: validation of a kinetic model with pulsed glow discharge experiments
Authors: Biondo Omar , Fromentin Chloé , Silva Tiago , Guerra Vasco , van Rooij Gerard , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: July 2022

Vibrational excitation represents an efficient channel to drive the dissociation of CO2 in a non-thermal plasma. Its viability is investigated in low-pressure pulsed discharges, with the intention of selectively exciting the asymmetric stretching mode, leading to stepwise excitation up to the dissociation limit of the molecule. Gas heating is crucial for the attainability of this process, since the efficiency of vibration–translation (V–T) relaxation strongly depends on temperature, creating a feedback mechanism that can ultimately thermalize the discharge. Indeed, recent experiments demonstrated that the timeframe of V–T non-equilibrium is limited to a few milliseconds at ca. 6 mbar, and shrinks to the μs-scale at 100 mbar. With the aim of backtracking the origin of gas heating in pure CO2 plasma, we perform a kinetic study to describe the energy transfers under typical non-thermal plasma conditions. The validation of our kinetic scheme with pulsed glow discharge experiments enables to depict the gas heating dynamics. In particular, we pinpoint the role of vibration–vibration–translation relaxation in redistributing the energy from asymmetric to symmetric levels of CO2, and the importance of collisional quenching of CO2 electronic states in triggering the heating feedback mechanism in the sub-millisecond scale. This latter finding represents a novelty for the modelling of low-pressure pulsed discharges and we suggest that more attention should be paid to it in future studies. Additionally, O atoms convert vibrational energy into heat, speeding up the feedback loop. The efficiency of these heating pathways, even at relatively low gas temperature and pressure, underpins the lifetime of V–T non-equilibrium and suggests a redefinition of the optimal conditions to exploit the ‘ladder-climbing’ mechanism in CO2 discharges.
Analytical and numerical modeling of reconfigurable reflecting metasurfaces with capacitive memory
Authors: Abraray Abdelghafour , Nunes Diogo , Maslovski Stanislav
Published: July 2022

In this article, we develop analytical–numerical models for reconfigurable reflecting metasurfaces (MSs) formed by chessboard-patterned arrays of metallic patches. These patch arrays are loaded with varactor diodes in order to enable surface impedance and reflection phase control. Two types of analytical models are considered. The first model based on the effective medium approach is used to predict the MS reflectivity. The second model is the Bloch wave dispersion model for the same structure understood as a two-dimensional transmission line metamaterial. The latter model is used to study ways to suppress parasitic resonances in finite-size beamforming MSs. We validate the developed analytical models with full-wave numerical simulations. Finally, we propose a design of the MS control network with capacitive memory that allows for independent programming of individual unit cells of the beamforming MS.
On the structure of relativistic hydrodynamics for hot plasmas
Authors: Andreev Pavel A
Published: July 2022

Novel structure for the relativistic hydrodynamics of the classical plasmas is derived following the microscopic dynamics of the charged particles. The derivation is started from the microscopic definition of the concentration. Obviously, the concentration evolution leads to the continuity equation which gives the definition of the current of particles. Next, we consider the current evolution (it differs from the momentum density). It leads to novel functions which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been consider in the literature earlier. One of these functions is the average reverse relativistic gamma factor. Its current is also considered as one of basic functions. Evolution of new functions appears via the concentration and the particle current. So, the set of equations partially closes itself. Other functions are represented using the equations of state via the basic functions at the truncation procedure. The Langmuir waves are considered within the suggested model.
R2-gravity quark stars from perturbative QCD
Authors: Jiménez José C. , Pretel Juan M.Z. , Fraga Eduardo S. , Jorás Sergio E. , Reis Ribamar R.R.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the structure of quark stars in the framework of f(R)= R + αR
2 gravity using an equation of state for cold quark matter obtained from perturbative QCD, parametrized only by the renormalization scale. We show that a considerably large range of the free parameter α, within and even beyond the constraints previously reported in the literature, yield non-negligible modifications in the mass and radius of stars with large central mass densities. Their stability against baryon evaporation is analyzed through the behavior of the associated total binding energies which are slightly affected by the modified gravity term in the regime of high proper (baryon) masses.
The study of acrylic bonding gap stress for the JUNO Central Detector
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Heng Yuekun , Li Zhaohan , Ma Xiaoyan , Qian Xiaohui , Tang Hongqiang , Zhang Gaofeng , Li Mafei , Fei Rong , Huang Kaixi , Wu Zhi , Xu Meihang , He Wei , Pei Yatian , Wang Yifang
Published: July 2022

The Central Detector (CD) of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino
Observatory (JUNO) has a huge acrylic spherical vessel, which will
contain 20000 tons of liquid scintillator, being immersed in pure
water, endure about 3 × 107 N of buoyancy. It is composed
of 263 pieces of acrylic spherical panels bonded by the mass
polymerization. Acrylic stress is critical to the structural safety
of the JUNO CD, and it is required not to be greater than
3.5 MPa. The specialized measurement system for acrylic stress of
the JUNO CD has been designed and realized, which supports
non-destructive and quantitative measurement. The measurement system
was applied to the main acrylic spherical panels without bonding gap
first to verify stress level, which met JUNO's requirement. The
bonding quality of acrylic spherical panels is critical, and the
stress of bonding gap is concerned. The stresses of acrylic bonding
gaps were measured using acrylic samples to help study the bonding
techniques. The stress optical coefficient of acrylic bonding gap
was calibrated and different bonding methods were studied and
compared. We found that the objective function of numerical fitting
for acrylic bonding gap needs modification when the measured optical
path difference is large, which was analyzed and discussed in this
article.
Inter-molecular interaction kinetics: tale of photon anti-bunching and bunching in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)
Authors: Sarkar Aranyak , Kumbhakar Manoj
Published: July 2022

Molecular interactions are fundamental to any chemical or biological processes, and their rates define the operational sequence and control for any desirable product. Here, we deliberate on a recently developed novel fluorescence spectroscopic method, which combines fluorescence photon anti-bunching, photon bunching, time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, to study composite chemical reactions with single molecule sensitivity. The proposed method captures the full picture of the multifaceted quenching kinetics, which involves static quenching by ground state complexation and collisional quenching in the excited state under dynamic exchange of fluorophore in a heterogeneous media, and which cannot be seen by steady-state or lifetime measurements alone. Photon correlation in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provides access to interrogate interaction dynamics from picosecond to seconds, stitching all possible stages of dye-quencher interaction in a micellar media. This is not possible with the limited time window available to conventional ensemble techniques like TCSPC, flash photolysis, transient absorption, stop-flow, etc. The basic premises of such unified global analysis and sanctity of extracted parameters critically depends on the minimum but precise description of reaction scheme, for which careful inspection of ensemble spectroscopy data for photo-physical behaviour is very important. Though in this contribution we discussed and demonstrated the merits of photon antibunching and bunching spectroscopy for dye-quencher interaction in cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micellar solution by photo-induced electron transfer mechanism and the influence of micellar charge and microenvironment on the interaction kinetics, but in principal similar arguments are equally applicable to any other interaction mechanisms which alter fluorescence photon correlations, like Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), proton transfer, isomerisation, etc.
Study on surface nanocrystallization and dislocation configuration of E690 steel strengthened by laser shock peening
Authors: Chen Haotian , Ge Liangchen , Hua Guoran , Tian Zongjun , Liu Xiaoming
Published: July 2022

Through the combination of simulation and experiment, this paper explored the direct relationship between laser energy and surface nanocrystallization of E690 high strength steel, and analyzed the indirect relationship between surface residual compressive stress and surface nanocrystallization. The experimental and simulation results showed that when the laser energy reached 10J, grain refinement occurred on the surface of E690 high strength steel, and the maximum residual compressive stress appeared on the sub surface of the material. At the same time, with the increase of laser energy, violent vibration and extrusion occurred between lattices, resulting in a certain micro thermal effect and inducing the climbing of screw dislocations. Therefore, there was a qualitative relationship between the surface nanocrystallization of E690 high strength steel after laser shock processing and the distribution of residual stress, that was, when the maximum residual stress appeared on the sub surface, the surface of material appeared nanocrystallization. This was because surface nanocrystallization consumed a lot of energy, which reduced the surface residual stress. This study was of great significance to predict the dislocation configuration changes of E690 high strength steel after laser shock processing.
Printing of MXene-based materials and the applications: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Chen Xiyue , Yang Ruxue , Wu Xin
Published: July 2022

MXene, as a family of novel two-dimensional materials, has injected new blood into the nanomaterials community, and revealed great promise in the applications of various fields attributing to their extraordinary properties. To realize the application potential of MXene, suitable nano-manufacturing techniques are highly expected. Traditional constructing techniques (coating, extrusion and deposition) are failing to offer accurate control on material interface and roughness, which generally leads to inferior devices performance. Well-developed printing processes are powerful tools to precisely manufacture multiscale, multimaterials and multifunctional devices, and equip them with satisfied properties, providing new opportunities for the manufacturing of MXene. There have been increasing research efforts being spent to combine the printing methods with MXene-based materials. Nevertheless, lots of difficulties and limitations still exist. In this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the recent research progress around the printing of MXene-based materials, focusing on three parts, i.e. the formation of printable inks, current mainstream printing methods and the applications of the as-printed objects. At last, future challenges and research opportunities are outlooked, aiming at providing useful information for the researchers in this field.