bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Modality Noncontact Photoacoustic and Spectral Domain OCT Imaging
Authors: Leiss-Holzinger Elisabeth , Bauer-Marschallinger Johannes , Hochreiner Armin , Hollinger Philipp , Berer Thomas
Published: April 2015

We developed a multimodal imaging system, combining noncontact photoacoustic imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Photoacoustic signals are recorded without contact to the specimens’ surface by using an interferometric technique. The interferometer is realized within a fiber-optic network using a fiber laser at 1550 nm as source. The fiber-optic network allows the integration of a fiber-based OCT system operating at a wavelength region around 1310 nm. Light from the fiber laser and the OCT source are multiplexed into one fiber using wavelength-division multiplexing. The same focusing optics is used for both modalities. Back-reflected light from the sample is demultiplexed and guided to the respective imaging systems. As the same optical components are used for OCT and photoacoustic imaging, the obtained images are co-registered intrinsically in lateral direction. Three-dimensional imaging is implemented by hybrid galvanometer and mechanical scanning. To allow fast B-scan measurements, scanning of the interrogation beam along one dimension is executed by a galvanometer scanner. Slow-axis scanning, perpendicular to the fast axis, is performed utilizing a linear translational stage. We demonstrate two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging on agarose phantoms.
Computational Complexity Reduction of Synthetic-aperture Focus in Ultrasound Imaging Using Frequency-domain Reconstruction
Authors: Moghimirad Elahe , Mahloojifar Ali , Mohammadzadeh Asl Babak
Published: April 2015

A new frequency-domain implementation of a synthetic aperture focusing technique is presented in the paper. The concept is based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and sonar that is a developed version of the convolution model in the frequency domain. Compared with conventional line-by-line imaging, synthetic aperture imaging has a better resolution and contrast at the cost of more computational load. To overcome this problem, point-by-point reconstruction methods have been replaced by block-processing algorithms in radar and sonar; however, these techniques are relatively unknown in medical imaging. In this paper, we extended one of these methods called wavenumber to medical ultrasound imaging using a simple model of synthetic aperture focus. The model, derived here for monostatic mode, can be generalized to multistatic as well. The method consists of 4 steps: a 2D fast Fourier transform of the data, frequency shift of the data to baseband, interpolation to convert polar coordinates to rectangular ones, and returning the data to the spatial-domain using a 2D inverse Fourier transform. We have also used chirp pulse excitation followed by matched filtering and spotlighting algorithm to compensate the effect of differences in parameters between radar and medical imaging. Computational complexities of the two methods, wavenumber and delay-and-sum (DAS), have been calculated. Field II simulated point data have been used to evaluate the results in terms of resolution and contrast. Evaluations with simulated data show that for typical phantoms, reconstruction by the wavenumber algorithm is almost 20 times faster than classical DAS while retaining the resolution.
Evolution of Pediatric Chronic Disease Treatment Decisions
Authors: Lipstein Ellen A. , Britto Maria T.
Published: April 2015

Background. In the context of pediatric chronic conditions, patients and families are called upon repeatedly to make treatment decisions. However, little is known about how their decision making evolves over time. The objective was to understand parents’ processes for treatment decision making in pediatric chronic conditions. Methods. We conducted a qualitative, prospective longitudinal study using recorded clinic visits and individual interviews. After consent was obtained from health care providers, parents, and patients, clinic visits during which treatment decisions were expected to be discussed were video-recorded. Parents then participated in sequential telephone interviews about their decision-making experience. Data were coded by 2 people and analyzed using framework analysis with sequential, time-ordered matrices. Results. 21 families, including 29 parents, participated in video-recording and interviews. We found 3 dominant patterns of decision evolution. Each consisted of a series of decision events, including conversations, disease flares, and researching of treatment options. Within all 3 patterns there were both constant and evolving elements of decision making, such as role perceptions and treatment expectations, respectively. After parents made a treatment decision, they immediately turned to the next decision related to the chronic condition, creating an iterative cycle. Conclusion. In this study, decision making was an iterative process occurring in 3 distinct patterns. Understanding these patterns and the varying elements of parents’ decision processes is an essential step toward developing interventions that are appropriate to the setting and that capitalize on the skills families may develop as they gain experience with a chronic condition. Future research should also consider the role of children and adolescents in this decision process.
Relationship of postcontrast myocardial T1 value and delayed enhancement to reduced cardiac function and serious arrhythmia in dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%
Authors: Tachi Masaki , Amano Yasuo , Inui Kensuke , Takeda Minako , Yamada Fumi , Asai Kuniya , Kumita Shinichiro
Published: April 2015

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is often associated with progressive heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia. Look–Locker magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows quantitative evaluation of interstitial fibrosis by measuring the myocardial T1 value, and delayed enhancement (DE) MRI visualizes myocardial scar.

Purpose

To determine the relationship of postcontrast myocardial T1 value or DE to reduced cardiac function or sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) in DCM patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%.

Material and Methods

We enrolled 41 patients with DCM. Correlations between the cardiac function parameters and postcontrast myocardial T1 value or extent of DE were evaluated. The relationship between SVT and the T1 values or extent of DE was assessed. The correlation between the extent of DE and the T1 value was also examined.

Results

The postcontrast myocardial T1 value was significantly correlated with the LVEF ( P < 0.05; r = 0.31) and end-diastolic volume ( P < 0.01; r = −0.40) in 40 patients with LVEF <35%. DE was not correlated with the cardiac function, but provided a high negative predictive value of 94.7% for SVT. No correlation was found between the myocardial T1 value and extent of DE.

Conclusion

In DCM patients with LVEF <35%, the postcontrast myocardial T1 value correlated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, and the absence of DE indicated the low risk of SVT. Both MRI parameters should be estimated because they may reflect discrete forms of myocardial damages in patients with DCM.
Music and cognitive stimulation influence idea generation
Authors: Gültepe Bedirhan , Coskun Hamit
Published: April 2015

Although previous studies have reported that positive affect is associated with enhanced creativity, there are no studies examining the influences of music and cognitive stimulation on brainstorming performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of music and cognitive stimulation on creativity. Participants in the positive affect condition listened to Vivaldi’s Spring, whereas those in the negative affect condition listened to Gyorgy Ligeti’s Lux Aeterna. Additionally, individuals in the neutral affect condition listened to Chopin’s Waltzes (MacDonald & Davey, 2005; Startup & Davey, 2001). Subsequently, the participants brainstormed the advantages and/or disadvantages of having an extra thumb on each hand. During the brainstorming session, participants were exposed to eight words, including both high-stimulating (e.g., scissors, gloves, etc.) and non-stimulating (e.g., giraffe, lion, etc.) words. There was also a mixed or low stimulation condition comprising four stimulating and four non-stimulating words. The results showed that positive and negative affect enhanced idea generation in the low stimulation condition, whereas neutral affect increased the number of ideas in the high stimulation condition.
Risk Factors and Predictors of Subsequent ACL Injury in Either Knee After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Kaeding Christopher C. , Pedroza Angela D. , Reinke Emily K. , Huston Laura J. ,   MOON Consortium, Spindler Kurt P. , Amendola Annunziato , Andrish Jack T. , Brophy Robert H. , Dunn Warren R. , Flanigan David , Hewett Timothy E. , Jones Morgan H. , Marx Robert G. , Matava Matthew J. , McCarty Eric C. , Parker Richard D. , Wolcott Michelle , Wolf Brian R. , Wright Rick W.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reinjury results in worse outcomes and increases the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Purpose:

To identify the risk factors for both ipsilateral and contralateral ACL tears after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON), a prospective longitudinal cohort, were used to identify risk factors for ACL retear. Subjects with primary ACLR, no history of contralateral knee surgery, and a minimum of 2-year follow-up data were included. Age, sex, Marx activity score, graft type, lateral meniscal tear, medial meniscal tear, sport played at index injury, and surgical facility were evaluated to determine their contribution to both ipsilateral retear and contralateral ACL tear.

Results:

A total of 2683 subjects with average age of 27 ± 11 years (1498 men; 56%) met all study inclusion/exclusion criteria. Overall there were 4.4% ipsilateral graft tears and 3.5% contralateral ACL tears. The odds of ipsilateral ACL retear were 5.2 times greater for an allograft ( P < .01) compared with a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft; the odds of retear were not significantly different between BTB autograft and hamstring autograft ( P = .12). The odds of an ipsilateral ACL retear decreased by 0.09 for every yearly increase in age ( P < .01) and increased by 0.11 for every increased point on the Marx score ( P < .01). These odds were not significantly influenced by sex, smoking status, sport played, medial or lateral meniscal tear, or consortium site ( P > .05). The odds of a contralateral ACL tear decreased by 0.04 for every yearly increase in age ( P = .04) and increased by 0.12 for every increased point on the Marx score ( P < .01); these odds were not significantly different between sex, smoking status, sport played, graft type, medial meniscal tear, or lateral meniscal tear ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Younger age, higher activity level, and allograft graft type were predictors of increased odds of ipsilateral graft failure. Higher activity and younger age were found to be risk factors in contralateral ACL tears.
Systematic Reviews in Sports Medicine
Authors: DiSilvestro Kevin J. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Spindler Kurt P. , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: April 2015

Background:

The number of systematic reviews published in the orthopaedic literature has increased, and these reviews can help guide clinical decision making. However, the quality of these reviews can affect the reader’s ability to use the data to arrive at accurate conclusions and make clinical decisions.

Purpose:

To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the sports medicine literature to determine whether such reviews should be used to guide treatment decisions. The hypothesis was that many systematic reviews in the orthopaedic sports medicine literature may not follow the appropriate reporting guidelines or methodological criteria recommended for systematic reviews.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

All clinical sports medicine systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009 to 2013 published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( AJSM), The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery ( JBJS), Arthroscopy, Sports Health, and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy ( KSSTA) were reviewed and evaluated for level of evidence according to the guidelines from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, for reporting quality according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and for methodological quality according to the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool. Analysis was performed by year and journal of publication, and the levels of evidence included in the systematic reviews were also analyzed.

Results:

A total of 200 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified over the study period. Of these, 53% included evidence levels 4 and 5 in their analyses, with just 32% including evidence levels 1 and 2 only. There were significant differences in the proportion of articles with high levels of evidence ( P < .001) and low levels of evidence ( P = .005) by journal. The average PRISMA score was 87% and the average AMSTAR score was 73% among all journals. The average AMSTAR and PRISMA scores were significantly different by journal ( P = .002 and .001, respectively) and by year ( P = .046 and .019, respectively). Arthroscopy, AJSM, and JBJS all scored higher than Sports Health and KSSTA on the PRISMA and AMSTAR. The average PRISMA score by year varied from 85% to 89%, and the average AMSTAR score varied from 70% to 76%.

Conclusion:

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in orthopaedics sports medicine literature relied on evidence levels 4 and 5 in 53% of studies over the 5-year study period. Overall, PRISMA and AMSTAR scores are high and may be better than those in other disciplines. Readers need to be conscious of potential shortcomings when reading systematic reviews and using them in practice.
Anaphylaxis in pediatric population: A 1-year survey on the Medical Emergency Service in Liguria, Italy
Authors: Ruffoni Silvano , Barberi Salvatore , Bernardo Luca , Ferrara Francesca , Furgani Andrea , Tosca Maria Angela , Schiavetti Irene , Ciprandi Giorgio
Published: April 2015

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, generalized, or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis is mainly based on a clinical ground. This study aimed to evaluate the records of both phone calls and medical visits for anaphylaxis managed by the Liguria Medical Emergency Service (MES) in a pediatric population, occurred during 2013. The phone call is managed at each center and classified according to a level of care intensity and a presumed level of criticality, according to established criteria. Criticality is then re-evaluated (detected criticality) at the end of the medical visit following the same score adding the black code for patients who died. Most of the phone calls (86) to the MES were recorded in summer (40.7%), followed by spring (26.7%), autumn (16.3%), and winter (16.3%). Forty-eight patients (55.8%) were male. Anaphylaxis was confirmed in about half of patients. In addition, almost all subjects (97.7%) were referred to the Emergency Room. In conclusion, the present study shows that anaphylaxis represents a serious and relevant medical problem in the pediatric population and should be ever carefully managed.
Effects of biochar amendment on geotechnical properties of landfill cover soil
Authors: Reddy Krishna R , Yaghoubi Poupak , Yukselen-Aksoy Yeliz
Published: April 2015

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained when plant-based biomass is heated in a closed container with little or no available oxygen. Biochar-amended soil has the potential to serve as a landfill cover material that can oxidise methane emissions for two reasons: biochar amendment can increase the methane retention time and also enhance the biological activity that can promote the methanotrophic oxidation of methane. Hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and shear strength are the most important geotechnical properties that are required for the design of effective and stable landfill cover systems, but no studies have been reported on these properties for biochar-amended landfill cover soils. This article presents physicochemical and geotechnical properties of a biochar, a landfill cover soil and biochar-amended soils. Specifically, the effects of amending 5%, 10% and 20% biochar (of different particle sizes as produced, size-20 and size-40) to soil on its physicochemical properties, such as moisture content, organic content, specific gravity and pH, as well as geotechnical properties, such as hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and shear strength, were determined from laboratory testing. Soil or biochar samples were prepared by mixing them with 20% deionised water based on dry weight. Samples of soil amended with 5%, 10% and 20% biochar (w/w) as-is or of different select sizes, were also prepared at 20% initial moisture content. The results show that the hydraulic conductivity of the soil increases, compressibility of the soil decreases and shear strength of the soil increases with an increase in the biochar amendment, and with a decrease in biochar particle size. Overall, the study revealed that biochar-amended soils can possess excellent geotechnical properties to serve as stable landfill cover materials.
Repeated Psychosocial Stress at Night Affects the Circadian Activity Rhythm of Male Mice
Authors: Bartlang Manuela S. , Oster Henrik , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte
Published: April 2015

We have recently shown that molecular rhythms in the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are affected by repeated social defeat (SD) during the dark/active phase (social defeat dark [SDD]), while repeated SD during the light/inactive phase (social defeat light [SDL]) had no influence on PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE explant rhythms in the SCN. Here we assessed the effects of the same stress paradigm by in vivo biotelemetry on 2 output rhythms of the circadian clock (i.e., activity and core body temperature) in wild-type (WT) and clock-deficient Period (Per)1/2 double -mutant mice during and following repeated SDL and SDD. In general, stress had more pronounced effects on activity compared to body temperature rhythms. Throughout the SD procedure, activity and body temperature were markedly increased during the 2 h of stressor exposure at zeitgeber time (ZT) 1 to ZT3 (SDL mice) and ZT13 to ZT15 (SDD mice), which was compensated by decreased activity during the remaining dark phase (SDL and SDD mice) and light phase (SDL mice) in both genotypes. Considerable differences in the activity between SDL and SDD mice were seen in the poststress period. SDD mice exhibited a reduced first activity bout at ZT13, delayed activity onset, and, consequently, a more narrow activity bandwidth compared with single-housed control (SHC) and SDL mice. Given that this effect was absent in Per1/2 mutant SDD mice and persisted under constant darkness conditions in SDD WT mice, it suggests an involvement of the endogenous clock. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that SDD has long-lasting consequences for the functional output of the biological clock that, at least in part, appear to depend on the clock genes Per1 and Per2.
Nanoparticle coating on the silane-modified surface of magnesium for local drug delivery and controlled corrosion
Authors: Lee Won Seok , Park Min , Kim Myung Hun , Park Chun Gwon , Huh Beom Kang , Seok Hyun Kwang , Choy Young Bin
Published: April 2015

In this study, we proposed a potential method for the preparation of a magnesium-based medical device for local drug delivery and controlled corrosion. A magnesium surface was modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, and the resulting surface was then coated with drug-loaded nanoparticles made of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) via electrophoretic deposition. The drug-loaded nanoparticles (i.e., Tr_NP) exhibited a size of 250 ± 67 nm and a negative zeta potential of −20.9 ± 2.75 mV. The drug was released from the nanoparticles in a sustained manner for 21 days, and this did not change after their coating on the silane-modified magnesium. The silane-modified surface suppressed magnesium corrosion. When immersed in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4, the average rate of hydrogen gas generation was 0.41–0.45 ml/cm2/day, compared to 0.58–0.6 ml/cm2/day from a bare magnesium surface. This corrosion profile was not significantly changed after nanoparticle coating under the conditions employed in this work. The in vitro cell test revealed that the drug released from the coating was effective during the whole release period of 21 days, and both the silane-modified surface and carrier nanoparticles herein were not cytotoxic.
The Role of Institutional Factors on On-Campus Reported Rape Prevalence
Authors: Stotzer Rebecca L. , MacCartney Danielle
Published: April 2015

Sexual assault is a serious concern on college and university campuses across the United States. However, the institutional factors that may make campuses more or less prone to rape are poorly understood. This study utilizes routine activities theory (RAT) to examine campus-related factors across 524 four-year campuses in the United States to determine what features of a campus community are most closely associated with increased reports of sexual assault. Results suggest that the type of athletic program, the number of students who live on campus, and the institution’s alcohol policy were all found to be related to reported sexual assaults. Implications for understanding campus communities and prevention of sexual assaults are discussed.
The Abusive Behavior Inventory–Revised
Authors: Postmus Judy L. , Stylianou Amanda Mathisen , McMahon Sarah
Published: April 2015

Measuring experiences of intimate partner violence is critical for researchers and advocates. One measure, the Abusive Behavior Inventory (ABI), has limited testing but is used more frequently by advocates in domestic violence organizations. This article describes the psychometric evaluation of the ABI through confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses among data collected with 457 female survivors of abuse in seven states and Puerto Rico. The findings provide evidence for the reliability of a revised ABI (ABI-R) with three factors: physical violence, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse.
Experiential Perceptions of Relactation
Authors: Lommen Amy , Brown Blakely , Hollist Dusten
Published: April 2015

Background:

Relactation is the process of re-establishing a breast milk supply that has diminished or ceased.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women living in Montana who chose to attempt relactation.

Methods:

A phenomenological approach was used to understand the lived experiences of 10 women in Montana who attempted relactation. In-depth interviews were conducted, and a 21-item categorical and open-ended demographic and experiential questionnaire was completed.

Results:

An overarching theme that could have affected the initial breastfeeding experience, and furthered the need for relactation, was having a difficult baby. Examples of being difficult included colic, latching issues, or a lack of bonding felt by the participant.

Conclusion:

When asked about the experience of relactation, participants reflected on the emotional aspects of the process rather than the physical process. The most common feelings expressed were rejection, anger, stress, and failure. Future studies could examine what factors are present with women who continue nursing versus factors that are absent in women who discontinue nursing difficult babies, which could help prevent the need for relactation.
The Impact of a Volunteer Postpartum Doula Program on Breastfeeding Success
Authors: Cattelona Georg’ann , Friesen Carol A. , Hormuth Laura J.
Published: April 2015

Bloomington Area Birth Services (BABS), centered in Bloomington, Indiana, is a community-based program that provides comprehensive education and support for new breastfeeding mothers, infants, family members, and the community by working together with local hospitals, midwives, obstetricians, pediatric offices, and social service agencies to create a seamless continuity of care for families. To help with continuity of care in the community, BABS established a volunteer doula program (birth and postpartum), allowing BABS to combine the services of a community lactation center with birth and postpartum doulas. This article describes the volunteer doula program and highlights one client’s story in an effort to encourage and motivate other communities to focus their limited dollars on the development of a volunteer doula program.
CFD study of slot jet impingement heat transfer with nanofluids
Authors: Dutta Rabijit , Dewan Anupam , Srinivasan Balaji
Published: April 2015

We present a numerical investigation of hydrodynamic and heat transfer behaviors for Al2O3–water nanofluids for laminar and turbulent confined slot jets impingement heat transfer at nanoparticle volume fractions of 3% and 6%. A comparison of the nanofluid with the base fluid has been performed for the same Reynolds number and same jet inlet velocity. A single-phase fluid approach was used to model the nanofluid. Further, the thermo-physical properties of nanofluid were calculated using a recent approach. For the same value of Reynolds number, maximum increase in the average heat transfer coefficient at the impingement plate was found to be approximately 27% and 22% for laminar and turbulent slot impingements, respectively, for 6% volume fraction of nanofluid as compared to that of water. However, the pumping power curve showed a steep increase with the volume fraction with nearly five times increase in the pumping power observed for 6% volume fraction nanofluid. Further, the energy-based performance was assessed with the help of the performance evaluation criterion (PEC). PEC values indicate that nanofluids do not necessarily represent the most efficient coolants for this type of application. Moreover, at the same jet inlet velocity, a reduction in the heat transfer coefficient of 7% and 20% was observed for nanofluid as compared to base fluid for laminar and turbulent flows, respectively.
Effects of human activity on erosion, sedimentation and debris flow activity – A case study of the Qionghai Lake watershed, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Chen Ningsheng , Chen Mingli , Li Jun , He Na , Deng Mingfeng , Iqbal Tanoli Javed , Cai Ming
Published: April 2015

We report the results of a study of the Qionghai Lake watershed, located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China, designed to investigate the effects of human activity on changes in soil erosion intensity, debris flow activity and lacustrine sedimentation. The results indicate that the mean denudation rate of the watershed was about 0.82 mm/yr during the Holocene. However, since 1952, the rate has increased to 1.82 mm/yr, accompanied by a greatly increased sedimentation rate in Qionghai Lake. The increased denudation rate was accompanied by increases in population and the related intensified exploitation of land resources, including deforestation and an increase in the area of cultivated land. In addition, the increasing rate of denudation and lacustrine sedimentation is closely linked to the increased frequency of flooding and debris flows in the watershed. Based on our results, we estimate that the longevity of Qionghai Lake is about 1200 years in the case of natural evolution; however, this is reduced to 540 years in the context of continued intensive human activity in the region. These findings are important for the mitigation of mountain hazards such as debris flows and for the promotion of sustainable economic development in the Qionghai Lake area. They also provide a basis for obtaining an improved estimate of changes in denudation rate on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Why do Firms Issue Equity?
Authors: Bhaduri Saumitra
Published: April 2015

In contrast to the existing empirical research on the pecking order hypothesis which has been largely confined to the United States and a few other advanced countries, this article attempts to test the hypothesis for an emerging economy through a case study of the Indian corporate sector. A well diverse sample of 556 manufacturing firms over the period 1997–2007 is used in the article to test the pecking-order hypothesis. The study finds strong evidence in favour of the pecking-order hypothesis—a result that stands startlingly odd against the most recent evidence against the pecking-order theory in developed countries (Fama and French 2005; Frank and Goyal 2003; Leary and Roberts 2004; Lemmon and Zender 2004).

JEL Classification: G32
An Uncommon Wealth . . .Transforming the Commons With Purpose, for People and Not for Profit!
Authors: Tedmanson Deirdre , Essers Caroline , Dey Pascal , Verduyn Karen
Published: April 2015

The overemphasis on individualism in much normative entrepreneurship discourse belies the powerful role played by local level and communal forms of barter, culturally based collectivist models of organization, social enterprise, and other forms of co-investment. Following Rindova et al., we argue innovation in entrepreneurship can be an emancipatory process with broad change potential to bring about new economic, social, institutional, and cultural environments. New forms of productive social relations and cooperative effort generate new ways of liberating individual and collective existence. However, the dark side of entrepreneurialism also casts its shadow over the pursuit of an idealized commons. Romanticizing forms of collective entrepreneurialism as a means for elevating vulnerable groups may have contrary effects, especially for those already socially and economically marginalized. Theorizing entrepreneurship from a critical perspective, we draw on Laclau’s emancipation–oppression dualism. We explore the contradictions and potentialities of locally based communal entrepreneurship as expressions of a dynamic tension, which is simultaneously both transformative and exploitative in orientation.
A damage model for ductile porous materials with a spherically anisotropic matrix
Authors: Pensée V , Morin L , Kondo D
Published: April 2015

In the present study, we investigate the macroscopic strength of ductile porous materials having a Hill-type radial anisotropic matrix. The procedure is based on a limit analysis (LA)-based kinematic approach of a rigid plastic hollow sphere. We first established the exact solution (stress and velocity fields) to the problem of the hollow sphere subjected to an external hydrostatic loading. Then, we propose, for general loadings, an appropriate trial velocity field which allows to implement the kinematic LA procedure. The resulting macroscopic criterion, whose closed-form expression is provided, extends the well-known Gurson criterion to materials with radial anisotropy. Numerical limit analyses are provided by performing standard finite elements computations which validate the new criterion. Finally, the yield criterion is supplemented by a plastic flow rule and evolution equations of the internal parameters, allowing to study the predictions of the complete model for axisymmetric proportional loadings at fixed stress triaxiality. A strong influence of the radial anisotropy is observed on the stress softening and the growth of the porosity.
Head Injuries in School-Age Children Who Play Golf
Authors: Reuter-Rice Karin , Krebs Madelyn , Eads Julia K.
Published: April 2015

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. We conducted a prospective study, which examined injury characteristics and outcomes of school-age children of 5.0–15.0 years ( N = 10) who were admitted to hospital for a TBI. This study evaluated the role of age, gender, the Glasgow Coma Scale, mechanisms and severity of injury, and functional outcomes. Seventy percent of the children sustained a TBI from a fall. We also found that playing golf was associated with 40% of the TBIs, with three (30%) children being unrestrained passengers in a moving golf cart and another one (10%) was struck by a golf club. Injury awareness could have benefited or prevented most injuries, and school nurses are in the best position to provide preventative practice education. In golf-centric communities, prevention of golf-related injuries should include education within the schools.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Gu Jun , Hu Jia , Qian Hong , Shi Yingkang , Zhang Eryong , Guo Yingqiang , Xiao Zhenghua , Fang Zhi , Zhong Minghua , Zhang Hongwei , Meng Wei
Published: April 2015

Background:

Intestinal barrier dysfunction would lead to a rigorous inflammatory reaction due to the translocation of intestinal lumen-derived bacteria and endotoxins. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether intestinal barrier dysfunction occurs in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and to determine its potential relationship with the plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers in the progression of ATAAD.

Design and Methods:

Serum samples from a total of 46 patients with ATAAD and 36 healthy volunteers were prospectively collected and analyzed. The serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using colorimetric assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoturbidimetric assay.

Results:

Serum levels of DAO, LDH, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in patients with ATAAD were significantly higher than those in healthy participants. A significantly positive correlation between DAO activity and IL-6 ( r = .56, P < .001), TNF-α ( r = .63, P < .001), and CRP ( r = .53, P < .001) was observed. Moreover, the activity of DAO correlated negatively with the Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) ratio ( r = −.39, P = .007).

Conclusions:

Intestinal barrier dysfunction, reflected by an increased level of serum DAO, may play an important role in the development of systemic inflammatory responses in patients with ATAAD. Therefore, strategies of preserving a normal intestinal barrier function may open new horizons in the treatment of inflammation-related adverse events in the setting of ATAAD.
Effects of Parasternal Block on Acute and Chronic Pain in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: Doğan Bakı Elif , Kavrut Ozturk Nilgün , Ayoğlu Rauf Umut , Emmiler Mustafa , Karslı Bilge , Uzel Hanife
Published: April 2015

Background. Sternotomy causes considerable postoperative pain and postoperative pain management encompasses different analgesic regimens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of peroperative parasternal block with levobupivacaine on acute and chronic pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and Methods. A total of 81 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated by opening an envelope to receive either parasternal block with pharmacologic analgesia (group P; before sternal wire placement: sternotomy and mediastinal tube sites were infiltrated with local anesthetics) or pharmacologic analgesia alone (group C) for postoperative pain relief. All patients received intravenous tramadol with patient-controlled analgesia at the end of the surgery. Demographic characteristics, vital signs, tramadol consumption, analgesic intake, and intensity of pain with a visual analogue scale were recorded for each patient. Six months after surgery, the patients’ type of chronic pain was evaluated using the Leeds Assessment Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale questionnaire. Results. Patients who received parasternal block experienced less pain and needed less opioid analgesic (125.75 ± 28.9 mg in group P vs 213.17 ± 61.25 mg in group C) for 24 hours postoperatively ( P < .001). There was no significant difference in nociceptive and neuropathic pain between the groups. Conclusion. Parasternal block had a benefical effect on the management of postoperative acute pain and decreased opioid consumption after surgery but had no significant effect in chronic post surgical pain.
Anesthetic Considerations and Management of Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Latham Gregory J. , Joffe Denise C. , Eisses Michael J. , Richards Michael J. , Geiduschek Jeremy M.
Published: April 2015

Transposition of the great arteries was once an almost uniformly fatal disease in infancy. Six decades of advances in surgical techniques, intraoperative care, and perioperative management have led to at least 90% of patients reaching adulthood, most with a good quality of life. This review summarizes medical and surgical decision making during the neonatal perioperative period, with a special emphasis on factors pertinent to the anesthetic evaluation and care during primary surgical repair of transposition of the great arteries. A review is also provided of anesthetic considerations for noncardiac surgery later in childhood or adulthood, for those survivors of the arterial switch operation, Rastelli procedure, Nikaidoh procedure, and the réparation á l’étage ventriculaire procedure.
Periodic hypokalaemic polymyopathy in Burmese and closely related cats
Authors: Malik Richard , Musca Fran J , Gunew Marcus N , Menrath Victor H , Simpson Christopher , Culvenor John , Grahn Robert A , Helps Christopher , Lyons Leslie A , Gandolfi Barbara
Published: April 2015

Global importance:

Hypokalaemic polymyopathy is a genetic disease of Burmese cats that has been encountered in Australasia, Europe and South Africa.

Clinical features:

Affected cats usually present with signs of muscle weakness and muscle pain in the first year of life. Although certain clinical features, such as ventroflexion of the head and neck, are especially characteristic, some cats do not display these signs. Usually weakness is periodic or episodic, but occasionally it is incessant.

Diagnostic challenges:

In the past, diagnosis was problematic in that clinical signs and a lowered serum potassium concentration were not always observed synchronously. This necessitated serial serum potassium concentration determinations, testing of serum creatine kinase activity and exclusion of other potential causes of muscle disease in cats (including muscular dystrophies, Toxoplasma myositis, immune-mediated polymyositis, organophosphorus intoxication and envenomations). Signs in affected cats often waxed and waned, possibly in response to changes in dietary factors and stress, and some cats could apparently ‘grow out of’ the condition.

Recent advances and future prospects:

Recent molecular genetics research has identified a single nonsense mutation in the gene ( WNK4) coding for lysine-deficient 4 protein kinase, an enzyme present primarily in the distal nephron. The underlying pathomechanism in affected cats is therefore likely to be a potassium wasting nephropathy, as this enzyme is involved in complex sodium/potassium exchange mechanisms in the kidney. Additional functional characterisation of the condition is warranted to define precisely how, why and when the serum potassium concentration declines. The diagnosis of Burmese hypokalaemia is now straightforward, as an inexpensive PCR test can identify affected homozygous individuals, as well as carriers. The elimination of this condition from the Burmese breed, and also from pedigree cats infused with Burmese lines, such as the Bombay, Tonkinese and Tiffanie breeds, should therefore be possible.
The relative contributions of body image evaluation and investment in the prediction of dietary restraint in men
Authors: Ozimok Brianne , Lamarche Larkin , Gammage Kimberley L
Published: April 2015

This study examined the importance of body image evaluation and investment to predict dietary restraint in men ( N = 272). Measures of physical activity, evaluation, investment and dietary restraint were completed. A hierarchical regression was conducted to predict dietary restraint from physical activity and body mass index (entered on the first step), body image evaluation (entered on the second step) and investment (entered on the final step). The overall regression was significant, F(4, 271) = 15.12, p < .001, R2adj = .17). Body mass index, physical activity and body image investment were significant positive predictors of dietary restraint. The present findings emphasize measuring body image investment.
Boredom proneness and emotion regulation predict emotional eating
Authors: Crockett Amanda C , Myhre Samantha K , Rokke Paul D
Published: April 2015

Emotional eating is considered a risk factor for eating disorders and an important contributor to obesity and its associated health problems. It has been suggested that boredom may be an important contributor to overeating, but has received relatively little attention. A sample of 552 college students was surveyed. Linear regression analyses found that proneness to boredom and difficulties in emotion regulation simultaneously predicted inappropriate eating behavior, including eating in response to boredom, other negative emotions, and external cues. The unique contributions of these variables to emotional eating were discussed. These findings help to further identify which individuals could be at risk for emotional eating and potentially for unhealthy weight gain.
Physical activity and food consumption: The moderating role of individual dieting tendency
Authors: Chang Chiu-Chi Angela , Lin Ying-Ching
Published: April 2015

Applying theory on justification and self-control, this research examines the impact of physical activity on dieters’ and nondieters’ food consumption patterns. The results from two studies demonstrate that dieters, but not nondieters, consume more food after exercising as compared to situations in which no exercise is involved. In addition, dieters consume more food when they anticipate engaging in physical activity as compared to when they have completed their exercising. When physical activity is framed as fun (vs work), dieters decrease the amount of food they consume after exercising. Estimation of calories burned through exercise underlies this result.
Executive functions and consumption of fruits/ vegetables and high saturated fat foods in young adults
Authors: Limbers Christine A , Young Danielle
Published: April 2015

Executive functions play a critical role in regulating eating behaviors and have been shown to be associated with overeating which over time can result in overweight and obesity. There has been a paucity of research examining the associations among healthy dietary behaviors and executive functions utilizing behavioral rating scales of executive functioning. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations among fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and executive functions using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning–Adult Version. A total of 240 university students completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning–Adult Version, the 26-Item Eating Attitudes Test, and the Diet subscale of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with two separate models in which fruit and vegetable consumption and saturated fat intake were the outcomes. Demographic variables, body mass index, and eating styles were controlled for in the analysis. Better initiation skills were associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables in the last 7 days (standardized beta = -0.17; p < 0.05). Stronger inhibitory control was associated with less consumption of high fat foods in the last 7 days (standardized beta = 0.20; p < 0.05) in the multiple linear regression analysis. Executive functions that predict fruit and vegetable consumption are distinct from those that predict avoidance of foods high in saturated fat. Future research should investigate whether continued skill enhancement in initiation and inhibition following standard behavioral interventions improves long-term maintenance of weight loss.
Strange strangers: The Jerusalem correspondents in the network of nations
Authors: Bourdon Jérôme
Published: April 2015

This research is based on an ethnographic investigation of foreign press correspondents working in Israel–Palestine. It strives to understand how the work of these correspondents is linked to a network of changing and overlapping collective identities, be they national or ethnic, for both journalists and their audiences. This is analyzed at three levels: (1) just as the Western world is politically divided in respect to this conflict, so too is the journalistic world, where suspicion of pro-Palestinism or pro-Israelism is voiced, albeit mezza voce or off the record; (2) the journalists feel professionally challenged when their impartiality is questioned due to their own religious or ethnic identities; and (3) finally, audiences have changed, through a revival of ethnic and religious identities, overlapping political involvement in the conflict, and technology which makes surveillance and ‘media monitoring’ much easier. This form of ‘diasporic nationalism’ puts increasing pressure on journalists.
Group size and therapists’ workplace ratings: Three is the magic number
Authors: Patras Joshua , Klest Sihu
Published: April 2015

The present implementation study compares therapists’ workplace ratings of collective efficacy, collaboration, and teamwork in Norwegian child welfare and child psychiatric agencies. Participating therapists were trained in Parent Management Training Oregon model (PMTO) as part of a nationwide implementation of the program. Participating therapists ( N = 83) worked in 67 Norwegian social service agencies. Respondents were part of three conditions: (1) PMTO therapists working in agencies with no other PMTO therapists ( n = 45), (2) two PMTO therapists working together in the same agency ( n = 23), and (3) three therapists working together in the same agency ( n = 15).

Findings

Therapists working in clusters of 3 rated their workplaces more positively than therapists who worked in agencies with 1 or 2 PMTO interventionists, β = .29, p = .03; Cohen’s d = .80. The result was independent of agency size, leadership quality, service population, and therapist education. There was no difference in workplace ratings between PMTO therapists working in agencies in pairs (2 PMTO therapists) and those working in agencies alone (1 PMTO therapist), p = .45.

Applications

PMTO therapists working in clusters of three appeared to have better experiences with their workplace than therapists with no other PMTO colleagues, and those with only one other PMTO colleague. This result suggests that clustering therapists together in groups of at least three may create a better work environment for therapists using newly-implemented interventions.
Price Elasticity of Demand in the Secondary Market
Authors: Diehl Mark A. , Maxcy Joel G. , Drayer Joris
Published: April 2015

This article investigates own-price elasticity of demand in the secondary (resale) market for National Football League (NFL) tickets. The sample is comprised of actual market transactions (prices and quantities exchanged) and an instrumental variable estimation method is employed. Price elasticity is estimated for the stadium as a whole as well as separately for the upper and lower venue levels and for four primary seat location categories within the venue. The results indicate that, counter to most estimates of price elasticity in the primary market, the secondary market for NFL tickets is characterized by elastic demand and that elasticity varies across different levels of seat quality.