bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hingganite-(Nd), Nd2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2, a new gadolinite-supergroup mineral from Zagi Mountain, Pakistan
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Škoda Radek , Chukanov Nikita V. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Lanza Arianna , Holá Markéta , Rumsey Mike S.
Published: November 2020

Hingganite-(Nd), ideally Nd2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2, is a new gadolinite group, gadolinite supergroup mineral discovered at Zagi Mountain, near Kafoor Dheri, about 4 km S of Warsak and 30 km NW of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The new mineral forms zones measuring up to 1 × 1 mm2 in loose prismatic crystals up to 0.7 cm long, where it is intergrown with hingganite-(Y). Other associated minerals include aegirine, microcline, fergusonite-(Y), and zircon. Hingganite-(Nd) is dark greenish-brown, transparent, has vitreous luster and a white streak. It is brittle and has a conchoidal fracture. No cleavage or parting are observed. Mohs hardness is 5½–6. Dcalc. = 4.690 g/cm3. Hingganite-(Nd) is non-pleochroic, optically biaxial (+), α = 1.746(5), β = 1.766(5), γ = 1.792(6) (589 nm). 2Vmeas. = 80(7)°; 2Vcalc. = 84°. Dispersion of optical axes was not observed. The average chemical composition of hingganite-(Nd) is as follows (wt.%; electron microprobe, BeO, B2O3, and Lu2O3 content measured by LA-ICP-MS; H2O calculated by stoichiometry): BeO 9.64, CaO 0.45, MnO 0.10, FeO 3.03, B2O3 0.42, Y2O3 8.75, La2O3 1.63, Ce2O3 12.89, Pr2O3 3.09, Nd2O3 16.90, Sm2O3 5.97, Eu2O3 1.08, Gd2O3 5.15, Tb2O3 0.50, Dy2O3 2.50, Ho2O3 0.33, Er2O3 0.84, Tm2O3 0.10, Yb2O3 0.44, Lu2O3 0.04, ThO2 0.13, SiO2 23.55, H2O 2.72, total 100.25. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 2 Si apfu is (Nd0.513Ce0.401Y0.395Sm0.175Gd0.145Pr0.096Dy0.068La0.051Ca0.041Eu0.031Er0.022Tb0.014Yb0.011Ho0.009Tm0.003Th0.003Lu0.001)Σ1.979(□0.778Fe2+0.215Mn0.007)Σ1.000(Be1.967B0.062)Σ2.029Si2O8.46(OH)1.54. Hingganite-(Nd) is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 4.77193(15), b = 7.6422(2), c = 9.9299(2) Å, β = 89.851(2)°, V = 362.123(14) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.105 (95) (011), 4.959 (56) (002), 4.773 (100) (100), 3.462 (58) (102), 3.122 , 3.028 (61) (013), 2.864 (87) (121), 2.573 (89) (113). The crystal structure of hingganite-(Nd) was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R = 0.034 for 2007 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). The new mineral is named as an analogue of hingganite-(Y), hingganite-(Yb), and hingganite-(Ce), but with Nd dominant among the rare earth elements.
The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople
Authors: Marr Carey , Otgaar Henry , Sauerland Melanie , Quaedflieg Conny W. E. M. , Hope Lorraine
Published: November 2020

This survey examined lay and expert beliefs about statements concerning stress effects on (eyewitness) memory. Thirty-seven eyewitness memory experts, 36 fundamental memory experts, and 109 laypeople endorsed, opposed, or selected don’t know responses for a range of statements relating to the effects of stress at encoding and retrieval. We examined proportions in each group and differences between groups (eyewitness memory experts vs. fundamental memory experts; experts vs. laypeople) for endorsements (agree vs. disagree) and selections (don’t know vs. agree/disagree). High proportions of experts from both research fields agreed that very high levels of stress impair the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. A majority of fundamental experts, but not eyewitness experts, endorsed the idea that stress experienced during encoding can enhance memory. Responses to statements regarding moderating factors such as stressor severity and detail type provided further insight into this discrepancy. Eyewitness memory experts more frequently selected the don’t know option for neuroscientific statements regarding stress effects on memory than fundamental memory experts, although don’t know selections were substantial among both expert groups. Laypeople’s responses to eight of the statements differed statistically from expert answers on topics such as memory in children, in professionals such as police officers, for faces and short crimes, and the existence of repression, providing insight into possible ‘commonsense’ beliefs on stress effects on memory. Our findings capture the current state of knowledge about stress effects on memory as reflected by sample of experts and laypeople, and highlight areas where further research and consensus would be valuable.
Denken in der Politik
Authors: Dörner Dietrich
Published: November 2020

In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird untersucht, wie neun Lehrerinnen aus der Primarstufe problemorientierten Mathematikunterricht gestalten. Hierfür werden sowohl ihre Auswahl an problemhaltigen Situationen als auch ihr Steuerungsverhalten in videografiertem Unterricht analysiert. Zusätzlich werden die Beliefs dieser Lehrerinnen in Bezug auf die Mathematik auf der Basis von Interviews rekonstruiert. Abschließend wird nach Zusammenhängen der Unterrichtsgestaltung und der Beliefs geschaut, wobei sich ein klares Muster ergibt: Lehrerinnen, denen ein problem-solving view zugeschrieben wird, betonen Ideen und Herangehensweisen ihrer Schüler*innen viel stärker als Lehrerinnen, denen ein instrumentalist view zugeschrieben wird. Diese Unterschiede betreffen vor allem abschließende Sicherungs- bzw. Reflexionsphasen der beobachteten Stunden.
Working backwards revisited – Facetten, Arten und Problemtypen
Authors: Aßmuss Daniela , Fritzlar Torsten
Published: November 2020

Rückwärtsarbeiten gilt als eine der ältesten heuristischen Strategien mit besonderer Bedeutung für die historische Entwicklung der Mathematik (Engel, 1998; Zimmermann, 1991). Auch heutzutage wird es als wichtiger Ansatz gesehen, der beispielsweise von Pólya (1967) als allgemeines Vorgehen beim mathematischen Problemlösen empfohlen wird, sofern es keinen speziellen Grund für ein anderes Prozedere gibt. In diesem Beitrag soll zunächst das Rückwärtsarbeiten bzw. die Analysis als heuristische Methode aus historischer Perspektive beleuchtet werden, wobei wir lediglich auf ausgewählte Aspekte eingehen können. Es schließen sich aktuelle mathematikdidaktische Überlegungen zum Rückwärtsarbeiten an, davon ausgehend können Aufgabentypen zum Rückwärtsarbeiten identifiziert und verschiedene Arten des Rückwärtsarbeitens bei der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen beschrieben werden.
Mathematik und Lehrfilme – Kinder erklären mathematische Sachverhalte
Authors: Leinigen Andreas
Published: November 2020

Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass Erklärvideos an größerer Beliebtheit gewinnen. Auch Themen aus der Schule werden immer öfter auf Video-Portalen angeklickt. Dieses in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Projekt verbindet die Aktualität mit dem Mathematikunterricht. Dabei steht die Produktion von Lehrfilmen im Fokus. Schülerinnen und Schüler der Primarstufe erklären mathematische Sachverhalte speziell die schriftliche Subtraktion und erstellen darüber eigene Erklärvideos. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Einblick in das laufende Projekt und erste Ergebnisse der abgeschlossenen Hauptstudie bieten.
Grundschulkinder arbeiten digital an einem geometrischen Problem – Rekonstruktion mathematischer Deutungen
Authors: Billion Laura , Vogel Rose
Published: November 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird eine semiotische Perspektive auf Mathematiklernen eingenommen, in der die Diagrammatizität im Fokus steht. Aus dieser theoretischen Sichtweise werden Handlungen an Diagrammen in digitalen Kontexten genauer betrachtet. Speziell werden Handlungen von zwei Grundschulkindern einer vierten Klasse fokussiert, die an einem geometrischen Problem in einer mit Hilfe des Programms GeoGebra gestalteten Lernumgebung arbeiten. Mit Hilfe einer semiotischen Spezifizierung der von Vogel (2017) vorgenommenen Anpassung der Kontextanalyse nach Mayring (2014) werden die mathematischen Deutungen der Dia-gramme eines Lernenden rekonstruiert.
Der Einsatz der 3D-Druck-Technologie im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule
Authors: Dilling Frederik , Pielsticker Felicitas
Published: November 2020

In diesem Beitrag wollen wir Einblicke in die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes der 3D-Druck-Technologie im Mathematikunterricht mit einem Fokus auf die Primarstufe diskutieren. Nachdem wir in einem ersten Teil des Artikels die Funktionsweisen der 3D-Druck-Technologie skizzieren und auf grundlegende theoretische Konzepte ein-gehen, werden wir in einem zweiten Teil zwei Fallbeispiele vor diesem Hintergrund beschreiben und diskutieren. Während in dem ersten Fallbeispiel (Parkettierung) die Arbeitsweise mit digitalen Medien – am Beispiel der 3D-Druck-Technologie – im Mathematikunterricht im Vordergrund steht, werden in dem zweiten Fallbeispiel (Kantenmodelle) vor allem Aspekte der Begriffsbildung im Mathematikunterricht betrachtet.
CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY BETWEEN GUARANA PROGENIES
Authors: Fajardo Juan Daniel Villacis , Atroch André Luiz , Lopez Pinto Carlos Enrique Daniel , Nascimento Filho Firmino José do
Published: November 2020

O guaranazeiro é uma planta nativa valorizada pelos povos Amazônicos, especialmente pela tribo Sateré-Maué no norte da região Amazônica. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a diversidade genética, estimar componentes de variância para caracteres morfoagronômicos, e da produção de progênies de guaranazeiro. Foram avaliadas 36 progênies de meios irmãos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições e seis plantas por parcela para os caracteres agronômicos e produção de frutos dispostas em duas fileiras de três plantas, no espaçamento de 5 m x 5 m.  f A média da produção do melhor indivíduo foi 28.355 g.planta-1.ano-1, dez vezes maior do que a produtividade média estadual. As progênies apresentam diversidade genética suficiente para a seleção entre e dentro de progênies que com cruzamentos controlados ou intercruzamentos poderiam gerar uma população base com alta produtividade e diversidade genética suficiente aumentando a probabilidade de recuperação de genótipos superiores.
Communication Peculiarities of Adolescents with Mental Retardation in Student Group
Authors: Babiak Olga
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the communication peculiarities of mentally retarded adolescents, the maturity of motivational, operational and cognitive components of their communication. A carried out empirical study made it possible to assess the extent and quality of communication components in the adolescents with mental retardation. Using theoretical and empirical research methods, features of the functioning of the motivational, operational and cognitive communication components were defined. The motivational component helps to identify personal and social needs that determine the communication of a personality, the operational one – communicative behavior that meets the society behavior pattern standards and is carried out by means of self-regulation; the cognitive one – communicative competence and culture, which are determined by communicative qualities, knowledge, skills, and abilities. The research results give grounds for arguing that the mentally retarded adolescents’ communication is insufficiently mature, in other words, it is characterized by dominant behavior forms with negative attitude towards peers, low need for interaction, affective behavior manifestations, proneness to conflicts, limited communication skills; increased level of aggressiveness, which is expressed in affective, frustrated forms of deviations in emotional-volitional sphere; immaturity of communicative means of making contacts. The low level of communication components maturity results in significant difficulties in interaction, which in turn affects person’s further socialization and integration into the society.
The Impact of Education on Green Behavior
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Vershinin N. . , Kortelev E. . , Kochurov M. . , Chemis A. . , Chernichin A. . , Chunosova E. .
Published: November 2020

Even though ecological issues are becoming more urgent nowadays, humanity still has not switched to the path of sustainable development. The objective of this article is to define whether such indicator as level of education can have a significant impact on green behavior, which implies efficient use of natural resources, recycling and green consumerism. Via principal component analysis we've proven that education may indeed have positive impact on the waste rate. However, results have turned out to be not sustainable enough, which requires further investigation.
Is it Possible to Buy Longevity: the Relationship between Health-Care Expenditures and Life Expectancy
Authors: Karelina Polina , Ivanova Ekaterina , Cherkasova Ekaterina
Published: November 2020

The task of this article is to assess the effect of the health-care expenditures per capita on the life expectancy (LE). This paper hypothesizes that health-care expenditures lead to an increase in the life expectancy and that they affect LE in different ways depending on sex and age. For hypotheses testing the panel 6-year-data for 183 countries are used. Based on these data the authors build econometrical model, considering LE as a dependent variable. Other factors influencing LE are included as control variables, all independent variables are with taken with a 10-year lag. The hypotheses are partially confirmed. All other things being equal, health-care expenditures actually lead to an increase in the LE, but only for developing countries. The second hypothesis is also not fully confirmed: LE at old age is more quantitatively dependent on health-care expenditures then LE at birth is, however strong differences for men and women were not revealed.
Nonlinear Development Dynamics and Project Approach in the Methodology of Strategic Financial Planning
Authors: Nikolaevsky Vladimir V. , Rudkouskaya Olga G.
Published: November 2020

The multidimensional systemic nature of strategic development is revealed, which can be represented by a set of unified projects of development strategies - a system of strategies. In turn, the draft development strategy can be presented by systems of functional, technological and administrative projects. From an organizational point of view, strategic planning is presented as an evolving and time-structured project containing a strict sequence of technological elements. Financial planning is an infrastructure element in the strategic planning system. The basic principles are formulated on which the methodology of the project presentation of the organization’s strategic development is based as a systematic way of economic thinking, integrated into the needs of the development of the digital economy.
Useful, informative book on Nobel Prize Winners in Economics
Authors: Khudokormov A. G.
Published: November 2020

In the review of the book of the Novosibirsk scientist Yu.P. Voronov`s “Nobel Laureates in Economics (1997–2018)” discusses a general criterion for dividing the world's leading economists into mathematicians and theoreticians. The author’s position on the current state of world economic thought is also examined. A generally high level of analysis and the dignity of the literary design of the book are noted.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars. II. Simulation Methodology and Stellar Mass Dependence of the Character of Full Tidal Disruptions
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Noble Scott C.
Published: November 2020

This is the second in a series of papers presenting the results of fully general relativistic simulations of stellar tidal disruptions in which the stars’ initial states are realistic main-sequence models. In the first paper, we gave an overview of this program and discussed the principal observational implications of our work. Here we describe our calculational method, which includes a new method for calculating fully relativistic stellar self-gravity, and provide details about the outcomes of full disruptions, focusing on the stellar mass dependence of the outcomes for a black hole of mass 106
M
⊙. We consider eight different stellar masses, from 0.15 M
⊙ to 10 M
⊙. We find that, relative to the traditional order-of-magnitude estimate r
t, the physical tidal radius of low-mass stars (M
⋆ ≲ 0.7 M
⊙) is larger by tens of percent, while for high-mass stars (M
⋆ ≳ 1 M
⊙) it is smaller by a factor of 2–2.5. The traditional estimate of the range of energies found in the debris is ≈1.4× too large for low-mass stars, but is a factor of ∼2 too small for high-mass stars; in addition, the energy distribution for high-mass stars has significant wings. For all stars undergoing tidal encounters, we find that mass loss continues for many stellar vibration times because the black hole's tidal gravity competes with the instantaneous stellar gravity at the star's surface until the star has reached a distance from the black hole ∼O(10)r
t.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars. I. Observable Quantities and Their Dependence on Stellar and Black Hole Mass
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Noble Scott C.
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces a series of papers presenting a quantitative theory for the tidal disruption of main-sequence stars by supermassive black holes. Using fully general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations and MESA-model initial conditions, we explore the pericenter-dependence of tidal disruption properties for eight stellar masses (

) and six black hole masses (

). We present here the results most relevant to observations. The effects of internal stellar structure and relativity decouple for both the disruption cross section and the characteristic energy width of the debris. Moreover, the full disruption cross section is almost independent of M
⋆ for M
⋆/M
⊙ ≲ 3. Independent of M
⋆, relativistic effects increase the critical pericenter distance for full disruption events by up to a factor of ∼3 relative to the Newtonian prediction. The probability of a direct capture is also independent of M
⋆; at M
BH/M
⊙ ≃ 5 × 106 this probability is equal to the probability of a complete disruption. The breadth of the debris energy distribution ΔE can differ from the standard estimate by factors of 0.35 − 2, depending on M
⋆ and M
BH, implying a corresponding change (∝(ΔE)−3/2) in the characteristic mass-return timescale. We provide analytic forms, suitable for use in both event rate estimates and parameter inference, to describe all these trends. For partial disruptions, we find a nearly universal relation between the star’s angular momentum and the fraction of M
⋆ remaining. Within the “empty loss-cone” regime, partial disruptions must precede full disruptions. These partial disruptions can drastically affect the rate and appearance of subsequent total disruptions.
Constraining Hadron-quark Phase Transition Parameters within the Quark-mean-field Model Using Multimessenger Observations of Neutron Stars
Authors: Miao Zhiqiang , Li Ang , Zhu Zhenyu , Han Sophia
Published: November 2020

We extend the quark mean-field (QMF) model for nuclear matter and study the possible presence of quark matter inside the cores of neutron stars. A sharp first-order hadron-quark phase transition is implemented combining the QMF for the hadronic phase with “constant-speed-of-sound” parameterization for the high-density quark phase. The interplay of the nuclear symmetry energy slope parameter, L, and the dimensionless phase transition parameters (the transition density n
trans/n
0, the transition strength Δε/ε
trans, and the sound speed squared in quark matter

) are then systematically explored for the hybrid star properties, especially the maximum mass M
max and the radius and the tidal deformability of a typical 1.4 M
⊙ star. We show the strong correlation between the symmetry energy slope L and the typical stellar radius R
1.4, similar to that previously found for neutron stars without a phase transition. With the inclusion of phase transition, we obtain robust limits on the maximum mass (M
max < 3.6 M
⊙) and the radius of 1.4 M
⊙ stars (R
1.4 ≳ 9.6 km), and we find that a phase transition that is too weak (Δε/ε
trans ≲ 0.2) taking place at low densities ≲1.3–1.5 n
0 is strongly disfavored. We also demonstrate that future measurements of the radius and tidal deformability of ∼1.4 M
⊙ stars, as well as the mass measurement of very massive pulsars, can help reveal the presence and amount of quark matter in compact objects.
Breaking the Dark Degeneracy with the Drifting Coefficient of the Field Cluster Mass Function
Authors: Ryu Suho , Lee Jounghun , Baldi Marco
Published: November 2020

We present a numerical analysis supporting the evidence that the redshift evolution of the drifting coefficient of the field cluster mass function is capable of breaking several cosmic degeneracies. This evidence is based on the data from the CoDECS and DUSTGRAIN-pathfinder simulations performed separately for various nonstandard cosmologies including coupled dark energy, f(R) gravity, and combinations of f(R) gravity with massive neutrinos as well as for the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We first numerically determine the field cluster mass functions at various redshifts in the range of 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 for each cosmology. Then, we compare the analytic formula developed in previous works with the numerically obtained field cluster mass functions by adjusting its drifting coefficient, β, at each redshift. It is found that the analytic formula with the best-fit coefficient provides a good match to the numerical results at all redshifts for all of the cosmologies. The empirically determined redshift evolution of the drifting coefficient, β(z), turns out to significantly differ among different cosmologies. It is also shown that even without using any prior information on the background cosmology the drifting coefficient, β(z), can discriminate with high statistical significance the degenerate nonstandard cosmologies not only from the ΛCDM but also from one another. It is concluded that the evolution of the departure from the Einstein–de Sitter state and spherically symmetric collapse processes quantified by β(z) is a powerful probe of gravity and dark sector physics.
Statistical Signatures of Nanoflare Activity. II. A Nanoflare Explanation for Periodic Brightenings in Flare Stars Observed by NGTS
Authors: Dillon C. J. , Jess D. B. , Mathioudakis M. , Watson C. A. , Jackman J. A. G. , Wheatley P. J. , Goad M. R. , Casewell S. L. , Anderson D. R. , Burleigh M. R. , Raynard L. , West R. G.
Published: November 2020

Several studies have documented periodic and quasi-periodic signals from the time series of dMe flare stars and other stellar sources. Such periodic signals, observed within quiescent phases (i.e., devoid of larger-scale microflare or flare activity), range in a period from 1 to 1000 s and hence have been tentatively linked to ubiquitous p-mode oscillations generated in the convective layers of the star. As such, most interpretations for the observed periodicities have been framed in terms of magnetohydrodynamic wave behavior. However, we propose that a series of continuous nanoflares, based upon a power-law distribution, can provide a similar periodic signal in the associated time series. Adapting previous statistical analyses of solar nanoflare signals, we find the first statistical evidence for stellar nanoflare signals embedded within the noise envelope of M-type stellar lightcurves. Employing data collected by the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS), we find evidence for stellar nanoflare activity demonstrating a flaring power-law index of 3.25 ± 0.20, alongside a decay timescale of 200 ± 100 s. We also find that synthetic time series, consistent with the observations of dMe flare star lightcurves, are capable of producing quasi-periodic signals in the same frequency range as p-mode signals, despite being purely composed of impulsive signatures. Phenomena traditionally considered a consequence of wave behavior may be described by a number of high-frequency but discrete nanoflare energy events. This new physical interpretation presents a novel diagnostic capability, by linking observed periodic signals to given nanoflare model conditions.
Rotational Spectra of Vibrationally Excited AlO and TiO in Oxygen-rich Stars
Authors: Danilovich T. , Gottlieb C. A. , Decin L. , Richards A. M. S. , Lee K. L. K. , Kamiński T. , Patel N. A. , Young K. H. , Menten K. M.
Published: November 2020

Rotational transitions in vibrationally excited AlO and TiO—two possible precursors of dust—were observed in the 300 GHz range (1 mm wavelength) toward the oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars R Dor and IK Tau with ALMA, and vibrationally excited AlO was observed toward the red supergiant VY CMa with the SMA. The J = 11 → 10 transition of TiO in the v = 1 and 2 levels and the N = 9 → 8 transition in the v = 2 level of AlO were identified toward R Dor, the J = 11 → 10 line of TiO was identified in the v = 1 level toward IK Tau, and two transitions in the v = 1 and 2 levels of AlO were identified toward VY CMa. The newly derived high vibrational temperature of TiO and AlO in R Dor of 1800 ± 200 K and prior measurements of the angular extent confirm that the majority of the emission is from a region within ≲2R
⋆ of the central star. A full radiative transfer analysis of AlO in R Dor yielded a fractional abundance of ∼3% of the solar abundance of Al. From a similar analysis of TiO a fractional abundance of ∼78% of the solar abundance of Ti was found. The observations provide indirect evidence that TiO is present in a rotating disk close to the star. Further observations in the ground and excited vibrational levels are needed to determine whether AlO, TiO, and TiO2 are seeds of the Al2O3 dust in R Dor, and perhaps in the gravitationally bound dust shells in other AGB stars with low mass-loss rates.
Detection of Opposite Magnetic Polarity in a Light Bridge: Its Emergence and Cancellation in Association with LB Fan-shaped Jets
Authors: Lim Eun-Kyung , Yang Heesu , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Chae Jongchul , Song Donguk , Madjarska Maria S.
Published: November 2020

Light bridges (LBs) are relatively bright structures that divide sunspot umbrae into two or more parts. Chromospheric LBs are known to be associated with various activities including fan-shaped jet-like ejections and brightenings. Although magnetic reconnection is frequently suggested to be responsible for such activities, not many studies present firm evidence to support the scenario. We carry out magnetic field measurements and imaging spectroscopy of an LB where fan-shaped jet-like ejections occur with co-spatial brightenings at their footpoints. We study LB fine structure and magnetic field changes using TiO images, Near-InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter, and Hα data taken by the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope. We detect magnetic flux emergence in the LB that is of opposite polarity to that of the sunspot. The new magnetic flux cancels with the pre-existing flux at a rate of 5.6 × 1018 Mx hr−1. Both the recurrent jet-like ejections and their base brightenings are initiated at the vicinity of the magnetic flux cancellation, and show apparent horizontal extension along the LB at a projected speed of up to

km s−1 to form a fan-shaped appearance. Based on these observations, we suggest that the fan-shaped ejections may have resulted from slipping reconnection between the new flux emerging in the LB and the ambient sunspot field.
Female sex worker : circulation et impact d’une catégorie de santé publique au Vanuatu
Authors: Servy Alice
Published: November 2020

La catégorie de santé publique female sex worker (ou « travailleuse du sexe » en français) bénéficie aujourd’hui d’un essor transnational. Cet article montre non seulement les manières dont l’expression female sex worker est utilisée dans l’archipel mélanésien du Vanuatu, mais révèle également les conséquences socio-culturelles possibles de son usage pour les personnes concernées.
Intellectual capital and its impact on business performance: An empirical study of Portuguese hospitality and tourism sector
Authors: Costa Vânia , Silva Lurdes , Paula Loureiro
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The propose of this study is to determine the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) and its components’ impact on Portuguese tourism organizations’ business performance through Return on the assets (ROA). This work evaluate and compare the intellectual capital in its four dimensions: (i) capital employed; (ii) human capital; (iii) structural capital and (iv) relational capital.  Design/methodology/approach: To approach the aim of the study the method Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM) was applied and the practical data were collected from the Simplified Business Information (IES) through SABI (Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System) database. The economic and financial information was collected from balance sheets and financial reports of 46.951 Portuguese companies in the hospitality and tourism sector during 2016. Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify the effect of IC components’ that significantly contribute to the company performance.Findings: The paper reveals that VAICTM, human capital efficiency coefficient (HCE), capital employed efficiency coefficient (CEE).and ROA are positively related among Portuguese’s hospitality and tourism sector. However, the structural capital efficiency coefficient (SCE) presents a negative association with profitability and the results of the relationship between the variable relational efficiency coefficient (RCE) and ROA do not present statistical significance.Practical implications: The application of the VAICTM model presented in this paper provides a basis for practical application for management.Originality/value: The paper represents a pioneering attempt to understand the relationship of intellectual capital and ﬁrm’s proﬁtability on Portuguese hospitality and tourism sector’s, to provide solid recommendations for the importance of intellectual capital in the sustainable growth of organizations in this sector.
Acetabular Exposure Is Enhanced With Self-Retaining Retractors During Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kapilow Jaclyn M. , Gladnick Brian P. , Anderson Lucas A. , Peters Paul C. , Masonis John L.
Published: November 2020

Acetabular exposure for direct anterior (DA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be performed using hands-free, self-retaining retractors. No current study quantitatively compares this self-retaining technique with the traditional manual technique. In 65 consecutive DA THA hips, two “best-view” digital photographs were taken of the exposure—one using Charnley/self-retaining retractors and one using a traditional three-retractor manual technique. Percent exposure of the polyethylene liner was calculated. Percent acetabular exposure averaged 80.0% using the Charnley/self-retaining technique, compared with 73.1% using the manual technique (
P
=.0002). A hands-free technique provides superior acetabular exposure compared with the manual technique. Increasing body mass index predicts decreasing exposure with both techniques. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(2):e309–e313.]
A Single Sugar-Tong Splint Can Maintain Pediatric Forearm Fractures
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Sleasman Brian , Osborn Davis , Barfield William R. , Dow Matthew A. , Mooney James F.
Published: November 2020

Displaced pediatric forearm fractures often are treated with closed reduction and immobilization. Recent literature demonstrates no difference in maintaining alignment or needing repeat intervention in patients immobilized with either a single sugar-tong splint or a long-arm cast, but most series include patients with distal fractures. This study included patients 3 to 15 years old who underwent closed reduction and immobilization for displaced midshaft or proximal forearm fractures. Radiographs from the time of injury, after reduction, and at 4-week follow-up were reviewed for coronal and sagittal plane angular alignment. Secondary interventions also were recorded. A total of 121 patients (70 long-arm cast, 51 simple sugar-tong splint) met inclusion criteria. Groups were matched in terms of age (
P
=.95), sex (
P
=.41), body mass index (
P
=.12), and angular deformity prior to reduction in the sagittal (
P
=.78) and coronal (
P
=.83) planes. Following closed reduction, sagittal (
P
=.003) and coronal (
P
=.002) alignment improved significantly in all patients. At 4-week follow-up, there were no significant differences in sagittal (
P
=.15) or coronal (
P
=.68) alignment between the 2 groups. Nine patients underwent a secondary intervention after the index reduction (long-arm cast, n=7; simple sugar-tong splint, n=2), with no statistically significant difference between groups (
P
=.30). There were no statistically significant differences between patients managed with long-arm cast or simple sugar-tong splint regarding residual sagittal or coronal plane deformity at 4-week follow-up or incidence of secondary intervention. These findings indicate simple sugar-tong splint and long-arm cast appear to be acceptable and equivalent methods of immobilization for these injuries. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(2):e178–e182.]
Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pair-Matched Controlled Study
Authors: Perets Itay , Walsh John P. , Mu Brian H. , Mansor YosIf , Rosinsky Philip J. , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: November 2020

Advances have made robotic assistance a viable option in total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the clinical outcomes of this procedure relative to manual THA are limited in the literature. This study compared robotic-arm assisted (RAA) THA and manual THA at minimum 2-year follow-up. Data were collected prospectively on all THAs performed from July 2011 to January 2015. Patients were included if they underwent RAA primary THA for idiopathic osteo-arthritis and had minimum follow-up of 2 years. The following patient-reported outcomes were compared: Harris Hip Score (HHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12), visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and satisfaction. Postoperative radio-graphs were analyzed for cup inclination, cup version, leg-length discrepancy, and global offset. Robotic-arm assisted THA patients were matched 1:1 with manual THA patients for age, sex, body mass index, and surgical approach. Each study group included 85 patients. There were no significant differences in the demographic factors between the groups. Both HHS and FJS-12 were significantly higher in the RAA group at minimum 2-year follow-up. The VAS score was lower in the RAA group, but this difference was not statistically significant. A significantly higher proportion of patients were in the Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones for cup orientation. There was no difference between the groups in patient satisfaction. Robotic-arm assisted THA yielded improved short-term patient outcomes compared with manual THA and higher likelihood of cup placement in the safe zones. No differences were found regarding VAS scores, patient satisfaction, complication rates, or subsequent revisions between groups. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(2):e236–e242.]
Challenges in Treating Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Beauvois Lisa , Kverno Karan
Published: November 2020

Children who present to behavioral health care with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have overlapping symptoms and co-occurring disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, sleep-wake disorders, and/or emotional/behavioral dysregulation. The challenge for psychiatric–mental health nurse practitioners is to identify the modifiable symptoms and diagnosable disorders and develop a comprehensive treatment plan that reduces risk factors and promotes improved functioning. The current article presents an overview of evidence-based treatment strategies for co-occurring conditions. A child- and family-based collaborative approach with clear treatment goals in the context of an inter-professional care team, which includes the primary care provider, therapists, other relevant specialists, and teachers, has been shown to support children with ASD in becoming more successful in managing everyday stressors and regulating emotions and behaviors. Evidence-based assessment, monitoring, and educational resources for clinicians and parents are provided. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(12), 7–12.]
La politique de la France à l’égard de l’Ukraine
Authors: Kosyk Wolodymyr
Published: November 2020

A l’aide de documents d’archives, l’étude traite de la politique de la France à l’égard de la République ukrainienne, fondée en 1917, à l’époque où voulant sauver le front oriental, Paris cherchait à s’allier les forces nationales de l’empire russe éclaté è la suite de la Révolution. L’ouvrage apporte un nombre important de faits inconnus concernant les circonstances dans les- quelles se nouaient les relations franco-ukrainiennes, qui ont abouti à la nomination d’un Commissaire de la République française en Ukraine. Ces relations furent interrompues en raison de la guerre soviéto-ukrainienne et des pourparlers à Brest-Litovsk, qui allaient bouleverser la situation et provoquer le départ de la Mission française de Kiev. L’ouvrage contient également des informations sur le mouvement national ukrainien et la question ukrainienne en France avant la Révolution russe.
Customer Satisfaction Model
Authors: Sarwari Sara , Minar Tanvir Ahmed , Naaz Nasrin Shah , Hossain Md Al Amin
Published: November 2020

In the service industry, one of the main challenges is to provide customer satisfaction. Though the number of budget hotel in Bangladesh is increasing, but customer satisfaction of these hotels are still ignored. The aim of the study is to identify the determinants that satisfy the customers in these hotels. The research targeted a total of 350 selected respondents from different budget hotels in Bangladesh. The descriptive analyses were conducted by using Amos SPSS 24. Findings reveal that price is the ultimate preference for budget hotels along with products and service quality for satisfying customers. Customers are unconcerned with the services provided by the hotel staff and the location of the hotel as well.
The Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa sp.) Gel Extract in Wound Healing Process Post Tooth Extraction
Authors: Dalimunte Rahmi Syaflida , Hanafiah Olivia Avriyanti , Rusdy Hendry
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of black cumin extract (Nigella sativa) on the process of wound healing in tooth extraction sockets. Material and Methods: This study involved 24 patients from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery grouped into the control and treatment groups. After extracting the first or second molar left or right in adult patients, the black cumin extractwas applied to the socket in the treatment group as soon as possible while it was not applied in the control group. The sockets were divided into 1,2,3 groups, which were treated as black cumin extracts of 10%, 12%, and 14% respectively. On day 1,3,7, patients were recalled and sockets size were calculated to analyze wound healing. Results: Black cumin was found to be able to make the wound healing faster in the treatment group when compared to the control group. Although the effect was not immediately apparent on the second day, on the seventh day the group treated with black cumin extract had a smaller sizing average compared to the control group. The concentration of 12% black cumin extract was found to have the best effect on wound healing. Significance of findings: Black cumin extract can make wound healing in tooth extraction sockets in patients.
Phyto Effect of Punica granatum on the Remodelling of Maxilla Bone, Study of Osteoblast and Osteoclast
Authors: Edrizal  , Trimurni Abidin , Putra Deddi Prima
Published: November 2020

Punica
granatum (PG) contained anthocyanin, the chemical compound that played significant role in increasing bone cell proliferabbitsion and osteoblasts differentiation in bone remodelling. This research was aimed at measuring the effect of Punicagranatum on maxilla bone remodelling relating to the profile of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Punicagranatum was extracted by using butanol while the analysis of bone remodelling was conducted by observing the profile of osteoblast and osteoclast cells using histopathologic method. Butanol hydrogel of Punicagranatum was abled to enhance bone reabsorption which was proven by the increase of osteoclast and new bone formation since the osteoblast was presented. Moreover, bone remodelling activity was characterised by increased collagen fibres and osteocyte cell, in addition, bone shape compactness was getting better. Statistical analysis revealed that the histoscore profile of osteoblast was influenced by butanol fraction dosage with significance level (p<0.05) which was at medium criteria according to Pearson correlation (r=0,6). While the effect of dosage on osteoclast was at significance level (p<0.05) but was poorly correlated with (r=0.01) and osteoblast frequency was dominant at the concentrabbitsion of 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. On the other hand, at the concentrabbitsion of 175 mg/ml osteoclast presentation was found to be more dominant. The fraction of butanol PG was abled to induce osteoblast increment and osteoclast at the concentrabbitsion of (mg/ml) 125, 175, and 250 and accelerabbitse the remodelling of alveolar maxilla.
Formulation and Evaluation of Binahong Leaves Extract Gel on Wound Healing of the Palatal Mucosa
Authors: Hanafiah Olivia Avriyanti , Trimurni Abidin , Ilyas Syafrudin , Nainggolan Marline , Syamsudin Endang
Published: November 2020

Wound healing is a complex and integrated process that requires the collective roles of various cells and tissues of the palatal mucosa. During the proliferation phase, the sum of fibroblasts increases in response to damaged oral tissues. Thus, the number of fibroblast cells in the palatal mucosa is a substantial indicator of wound healing. Binahong leaves possess the potential to accelerate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the effect of Binahong leaves extract (BLE) gel on wound healing of the palatal mucosa by investigating the fibroblast cell count in Wistar rats. This experimental study was carried out in several stages which included the collection and processing of fresh Binahong leaves followed by extraction with 70% ethanol using maceration method. The extract was formulated to be a gel product with a concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7%. BLE gel was administered to Wistar rats which were deliberately injured at the palatal mucosa by excision. Wound healing was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the number of fibroblast cells was counted. The result of fibroblast proliferation was analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test with a significance level of 95%. There were significant differences in fibroblast cell proliferation between all test groups except between base gel and Aloclair® gel, base gel and BLE gel 7%, Aloclair® gel and BLE gel 7%, BLE gel 3% and BLE gel 5%. Application of BLE gel 3% promotes better wound healing of the palatal mucosa of Wistar rats.
Microscopic Damage Model for Fibrous Composites Considering Randomness in Constituent Materials
Authors: Dat Hoang Tien , Nguyen Ngoc Kien , Nguyen Van Truong , Yen Hoang Thi Hai , Kurita Daichi
Published: November 2020

For the multiscale damage behaviour simulation of advanced materials with hierarchical and random heterogeneous microstructures such as fibrous composites by finite element method, the mathematical homogenization method has been extended to the stochastic nonlinear multiscale method. A first-order perturbation based stochastic homogenization method was developed to calculate the microscopic strain, as well as the homogenized macroscopic properties considering randomness in the mechanical properties of constituent materials. Based on the calculated stochastic microscopic strain, the damage simulation framework was proposed for fibrous composites. For a demonstrated application, a numerical example of a single short fiber reinforced plastic composite was carried out. The damage propagation in the interphase between fiber and matrix was predicted in a stochastic way considering the physical random parameters for the interphase material model. The influences of the randomness on damage volume fraction and damage propagation of the interphase were discussed.
Mechanical and Wettability Performance of Sand/HDPE Composite Sheets
Authors: Siraj Sidra , Al-Marzouqi Ali H. , lqbal M.Z.
Published: November 2020

Polymer/composite sheets were developed using sand as the filler, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), by melting extrusion in a melt blender followed by compression molding. The effects of addition of filler, and the addition of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as the compatibilizing agent were investigated by observing the morphology, the mechanical performance as well as the wettability characteristic via contact angle measurements. A decreasing trend was observed with filler addition, both for the Young’s modulus and yield stress values of each of the samples, from 1200.81 MPa and 35.15 MPa at 0 wt% to 1182.33 MPa and 23.11 MPa for the non-compatibilized sheet at 35 wt%, to 629.95 MPa and 9.56 MPa in the case of the compatibilized sheet respectively. However, addition of filler did not significantly affect the surface wetting in any case, thereby promoting good anti-wetting performance for both sets of sheets. As a result, the potential use of such synthetic composite sheets could be considered as a good alternative for applications which require reduced ductility or increased anti-wetting performance.
IL-4 Treatment Mitigates Experimental Cerebral Malaria by Reducing Parasitemia, Dampening Inflammation, and Lessening the Cytotoxicity of T Cells
Authors: Wu Xianzhu , Thylur Ramesh P , Dayanand Kiran K , Punnath Kishore , Norbury Christopher C , Gowda D Channe
Published: November 2020

Cytokine responses to malaria play important roles in both protective immunity development and pathogenesis. Although the roles of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in immunity and pathogenesis to the blood stage malaria are largely known, the role of IL-4 remains less understood. IL-4 targets many cell types and induces multiple effects, including cell proliferation, gene expression, protection from apoptosis, and immune regulation. Accordingly, IL-4 has been exploited as a therapeutic for several inflammatory diseases. Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum manifests in many organ-specific fatal pathologies, including cerebral malaria (CM), driven by a high parasite load, leading to parasite sequestration in organs and consequent excessive inflammatory responses and endothelial damage. We investigated the therapeutic potential of IL-4 against fatal malaria in Plasmodium berghei ANKA–infected C57BL/6J mice, an experimental CM model. IL-4 treatment significantly reduced parasitemia, CM pathology, and mortality. The therapeutic effect of IL-4 is mediated through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced parasite clearance mediated by upregulation of phagocytic receptors and increased IgM production, and decreased brain inflammatory responses, including reduced chemokine (CXCL10) production, reduced chemokine receptor (CXCR3) and adhesion molecule (LFA-1) expression by T cells, and downregulation of cytotoxic T cell lytic potential. IL-4 treatment markedly reduced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and brain pathology. STAT6, PI3K–Akt–NF-κB, and Src signaling mediated the cellular and molecular events that contributed to the IL-4–dependent decrease in parasitemia. Overall, our results provide mechanistic insights into how IL-4 treatment mitigates experimental CM and have implications in developing treatment strategies for organ-specific fatal malaria.