bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Distribution of Extracellular Volume Quantified by Cardiac CT in Aortic Stenosis: Insights Into Disease Mechanisms and Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Patel Kush P. , Scully Paul R. , Saberwal Bunny , Sinha Apurva , Yap-Sanderson Joanna J.L. , Cheasty Emma , Mullen Michael , Menezes Leon J. , Moon James C , Pugliese Francesca , Klotz Ernst , Treibel Thomas A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) is a marker for myocardial fibrosis and infiltration, can be quantified using cardiac computed tomography (ECV
CT
), and has prognostic utility in several diseases. This study aims to map out regional differences in ECV
CT
to obtain greater insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ECV expansion and its clinical implications.

METHODS:

Three prospective cohorts were included: patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and coexisting AS and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis were referred for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement and had ECG-gated CT angiography and Technetium-99m-labelled 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy to differentiate between the 2 cohorts. Controls had CT angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrating no significant coronary artery disease or infarction. Global and regional ECV
CT
was analyzed, and its association with mortality was assessed for patients with AS.

RESULTS:

In 199 patients, controls (n=65; 66% male), AS (n=115), and coexisting AS and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (n=19) had a global ECV
CT
of 26.1 (25.0–27.8%) versus 29.1 (27.5–31.1%) versus 37.4 (32.5–46.6%), respectively;
P
<0.001. Across cohorts, ECV
CT
was higher at the base (versus apex), the inferoseptum (versus anterolateral wall), and the subendocardium (versus subepicardium);
P
<0.05 for all. Among patients with AS, epicardial ECV
CT
, rather than any other regional value or global ECV
CT
, was the strongest predictor of mortality at a median of 3.9 (max 6.3) years (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08–1.36];
P
=0.002).

CONCLUSIONS:

Regional differences in ECV
CT
suggest a predilection for fibrosis and amyloid infiltration at the base, subendocardium, inferior wall, and septum more than the anterior and lateral myocardium. ECV
CT
can predict long-term mortality with the subepicardium demonstrating the strongest discriminatory power.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03029026 and NCT03094143.
Islamic Eschatology and Prophetic Register: the Divine Source of Pakistan’s Identity
Authors: Zafar Adnan
Published: May 2024

Despite religion’s ubiquity, its role has long been ignored by international relations scholars. One of the reasons behind ignoring religion’s influence in international politics is the anti-religion sentiments based on the theory of secularization. The belief that religion is a thing of the past has hampered the explanatory prowess of international relations scholarship. This article aims to explain how faith informs Pakistan about its divine role in international politics. It is argued that Islamic eschatology is pivotal in contouring Pakistan’s religious identity which is pivotal to how Pakistan establishes its ties with its arch-rival India. Prophetic register that exists in Pakistan act as a call to action to reform the community on religious bases. This article concludes that the role of religious prophecy must be accounted for to better explain popular religious aspirations that constrain the policy option for policymakers both at the domestic as well as international level.
Natural Embeddedness, Place Attachment, and Local Opposition to Developmental Projects: A Polanyian Analysis of the Origins of Preemptive Environmental Protests in China
Authors: Lu Jian
Published: May 2024

This article aims to uncover the underlying social and institutional origins of China’s local preemptive environmental protests against developmental projects with negative externalities, which have not been fully investigated by the extant literature on “NIMBY” (“not-in-my-backyard”) activism in China. Primarily through the perspective of Karl Polanyi’s environmental sociology, this article presents a case study of the 2012 protest in Qidong, Jiangsu province, against an industrial waste disposal pipeline. The case of Qidong shows how local ecology has been deeply embedded in the social context and relations that have historically shaped the economic structures, culinary traditions, and place attachment in the area. Such a nexus between the environment and society in turn significantly impacted the opposition pattern of the local communities, which involved various social strata by triggering their economic and health concerns as well as an emotional response. Moreover, the article finds that the unified cross-class action under the banner of defending public interests was possible in Qidong largely because the actors were all part of the same holistic local ecological system, with shared economic interests, dietary preferences, and cultural identities. This research thus echoes the insights of environmental sociology and argues that it is necessary to take into account the interplay between ecology and locality to understand local environmental politics.
A comparative analysis of strategic narratives and persuasive language techniques within Iranian and US news media: The study of the joint comprehensive plan of action
Authors: Norton Kelli , Cooley Asya
Published: May 2024

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of strategic narrative theory and persuasive language techniques in the Middle Eastern context, particularly focusing on the utilization of these aspects in discussions related to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze how the JCPOA was depicted in news media from the US and Iran. The findings reveal that both nations positioned themselves as key proponents of the JCPOA, emphasizing their willingness to collaborate through a more conciliatory approach. Notably, these narratives were underpinned by divergent persuasive language techniques, reflecting the intricate and often conflict-prone dynamics of the Middle East.
Professional Identity Formation Strategies in Undergraduate Public Health Programs
Authors: Stephenson Rolena , Cox Carol
Published: May 2024

A strong professional identity (PI), seeing oneself as a member of a professional community of practice, is important for student academic and motivational outcomes during transition from college to the work setting. Many educational strategies have been successfully used in medical and other health professions education to support student PI formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the scope and sequence of pedagogical and extra-curricular strategies used by undergraduate public health programs to support student PI formation. An online survey was created and distributed to public health program chairs/directors from all CEPH-accredited undergraduate United States public health programs. Results generally confirmed that the PI formation strategies of curricular training, work-integrated learning, and role-modeling were being implemented in respondents’ accredited undergraduate programs. However, some areas for improvement in offerings and their sequencing were identified. It is recommended that all PI formation strategies be introduced early in the program and constantly emphasized and reinforced so students continually view themselves as part of a professional community of practice. Analysis of the types and timing of PI formation strategies can provide insight on focus areas for improvements that may impact public health student academic achievement, satisfaction, and retention in the program.
Sustained response to atogepant in episodic migraine: post hoc analyses of a 12-week randomized trial and a 52-week long-term safety trial
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Nahas Stephanie J. , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Bilchik Tanya , McAllister Peter , Finnegan Michelle , Liu Yingyi , Chalermpalanupap Natty , Dabruzzo Brett , Dodick David W.
Published: May 2024

Background

Atogepant is an oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. These analyses evaluated the proportions of clinical trial participants who experienced sustained responses to atogepant over 12 or 52 weeks of treatment.

Methods

These were post hoc analyses of ADVANCE, a 12-week, double-blind, randomized trial of atogepant 10, 30, and 60 mg once daily vs. placebo for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine, and a separate open-label long-term safety (LTS) trial of atogepant 60 mg once daily over 52 weeks. The 60 mg dose of atogepant was used to detect safety issues. An initial response was defined as ≥50%, ≥75%, or 100% reduction from baseline in MMDs in month 1 for ADVANCE or quarter 1 for the LTS trial. The proportions of participants who continued to experience a response above each response-defining threshold through each subsequent month (for ADVANCE) or each quarter (for LTS) were calculated.

Results

In ADVANCE, sustained response rates during months 2 and 3 varied with dose and were as follows: 70.8–81.1% following an initial ≥50% response, 47.3–61.9% following an initial ≥75% response, and 34.8–41.7% following an initial 100% response. Of those who experienced an initial ≥75% or 100% response during month 1, more than 79% continued to experience at least a 50% response during both months 2 and 3. During the LTS trial, sustained response rates through quarters 2, 3, and 4 were 84.7% following an initial ≥50% response, 72.6% following an initial ≥75% response, and 37.8% following an initial 100% response. Of those who experienced an initial ≥75% or 100% response during quarter 1, more than 90% continued to experience at least a 50% response through quarters 2, 3, and 4.

Conclusion

Over 70% of participants who experienced an initial response with atogepant treatment had a sustained response with continued treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03777059 (submitted: December 13, 2018); NCT03700320 (submitted: September 25, 2018).
Exploring racial disparities in bladder urothelial cancer: insights into survival and genetic variations
Authors: Abubakar Sharafudeen Dahiru , Bello Zakariyya Muhammad , Gusau Sufiyanu Sani , Kabir Imam Malik
Published: May 2024

Background

Bladder urothelial cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system and the 10th most common cancer worldwide with incidence appearing to show a geographical and exposure pattern. Advances in genomic technologies provide abundant data and insight into tumors at the single-cell resolution and are usually stored in repositories like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, data sources for the TCGA appear to be focused on European and American populations. The extent to which genomic and survival data can be applied to populations not included in the study remains somewhat uncertain.

Methods

We explored the genomic and survival characteristics of the TCGA pan-cancer atlas of bladder urothelial cancer. We decluttered these characteristics based on racial groups and compared between and among the races and the overall dataset.

Results

Significant variations were seen in age groups especially Asians (51–60) years and Blacks (61–70) years compared to Whites and the BLCA dataset with a statistically significant difference in mean diagnosis age (p = 0.0048) between Asians and the whole dataset. Overall survival characteristics were similar but genetic features were vastly different. Significant inter-racial alterations could be seen among genes involved in different pathways, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cytoband amplification and/or deletion, mutation count, and aneuploidy scores.

Conclusion

The TCGA pan-cancer atlas for bladder urothelial cancer adequately represents White populations only. The genomic features do not apply to Blacks and Asians. We recommend better coverage for other populations to ensure adequate data for clinicians and researchers.
A recurrent de novo missense mutation in COL1A1 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type II and preterm delivery in Normande cattle
Authors: Corbeau Julien , Grohs Cécile , Jourdain Jeanlin , Boussaha Mekki , Besnard Florian , Barbat Anne , Plassard Vincent , Rivière Julie , Hamelin Christophe , Mortier Jeremy , Boichard Didier , Guatteo Raphaël , Capitan Aurélien
Published: May 2024

Background

Nine male and eight female calves born to a Normande artificial insemination bull named “Ly” were referred to the French National Observatory of Bovine Abnormalities for multiple fractures, shortened gestation, and stillbirth or perinatal mortality.

Results

Using Illumina BovineSNP50 array genotypes from affected calves and 84 half-sib controls, the associated locus was mapped to a 6.5-Mb interval on chromosome 19, assuming autosomal inheritance with germline mosaicism. Subsequent comparison of the whole-genome sequences of one case and 5116 control genomes, followed by genotyping in the affected pedigree, identified a de novo missense substitution within the NC1 domain of the COL1A1 gene (Chr19 g.36,473,965G > A; p.D1412N) as unique candidate variant. Interestingly, the affected residue was completely conserved among 243 vertebrate orthologs, and the same substitution in humans has been reported to cause type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a connective tissue disorder that is characterized primarily by bone deformity and fragility. Moreover, three COL1A1 mutations have been described to cause the same syndrome in cattle. Necropsy, computed tomography, radiology, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of type II OI, further supporting the causality of this variant. In addition, a detailed analysis of gestation length and perinatal mortality in 1387 offspring of Ly and more than 160,000 progeny of 63 control bulls allowed us to statistically confirm in a large pedigree the association between type II OI and preterm delivery, which is probably due to premature rupture of fetal membranes and has been reported in several isolated cases of type II OI in humans and cattle. Finally, analysis of perinatal mortality rates and segregation distortion supported a low level of germ cell mosaicism in Ly, with an estimate of 4.5% to 7.7% of mutant sperm and thus 63 to 107 affected calves born. These numbers contrast with the 17 cases reported and raise concerns about the underreporting of congenital defects to heredo-surveillance platforms, even for textbook genetic syndromes.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we describe a large animal model for a recurrent substitution in COL1A1 that is responsible for type II OI in humans. More generally, this study highlights the utility of such datasets and large half-sib families available in livestock species to characterize sporadic genetic defects.
The development of multiplex PCR assays for the rapid identification of multiple Saccostrea species, and their practical applications in restoration and aquaculture
Authors: Richardson Marina A. , Nenadic Nikolina , Wingfield Max , McDougall Carmel
Published: May 2024

Background

The ecology and biology of oysters (Ostreidae) across the tropics is poorly understood. Morphological plasticity and shared characteristics among oysters have resulted in the misidentification of species, creating challenges for understanding basic species-specific biological information that is required for restoration and aquaculture. Genetic barcoding has proven essential for accurate species identification and understanding species geographic ranges. To reduce the costs of molecular species identification we developed multiplex assays using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI or cox1) barcoding gene for the rapid identification of five species of oysters within the genus Saccostrea that are commonly found in Queensland, Australia: Saccostrea glomerata, Saccostrea lineage B, Saccostrea lineage F, Saccostrea lineage G, and Saccostrea spathulata (lineage J).

Results

Multiplex assays were successful in species-specific amplification of targeted species. The practical application of these primers was tested on wild spat collected from a pilot restoration project in Moreton Bay, Queensland, with identified species (S. glomerata, lineage B and lineage G) validated by Sanger sequencing. DNA sampling by extraction of oyster pallial fluid was also tested on adult oysters collected from the Noosa estuary in Queensland to assess whether oysters were able to be identified non-destructively. DNA concentrations as low as 1 ng/ μL still amplified in most cases, allowing for identification, and mortality at 6 weeks post pallial fluid collection was low (3 out of 104 sampled oysters).

Conclusion

These multiplex assays will be essential tools for species identification in future studies, and we successfully demonstrate their practical application in both restoration and aquaculture contexts in Queensland. The multiplex assays developed in this study outline easily replicable methods for the development of additional species-specific primer sets for the rapid identification of other species of Saccostrea found across the Indo-Pacific, which will be instrumental in unravelling the taxonomic ambiguities within this genus in tropical regions.
Genome sequencing and comparative genomics reveal insights into pathogenicity and evolution of Fusarium zanthoxyli, the causal agent of stem canker in prickly ash
Authors: Ruan Zhao , Jiao Jiahui , Zhao Junchi , Liu Jiaxue , Liang Chaoqiong , Yang Xia , Sun Yan , Tang Guanghui , Li Peiqin
Published: May 2024

Background

Fusarium zanthoxyli is a destructive pathogen causing stem canker in prickly ash, an ecologically and economically important forest tree. However, the genome lack of F. zanthoxyli has hindered research on its interaction with prickly ash and the development of precise control strategies for stem canker.

Results

In this study, we sequenced and annotated a relatively high-quality genome of F. zanthoxyli with a size of 43.39 Mb, encoding 11,316 putative genes. Pathogenicity-related factors are predicted, comprising 495 CAZymes, 217 effectors, 156 CYP450s, and 202 enzymes associated with secondary metabolism. Besides, a comparative genomics analysis revealed Fusarium and Colletotrichum diverged from a shared ancestor approximately 141.1 ~ 88.4 million years ago (MYA). Additionally, a phylogenomic investigation of 12 different phytopathogens within Fusarium indicated that F. zanthoxyli originated approximately 34.6 ~ 26.9 MYA, and events of gene expansion and contraction within them were also unveiled. Finally, utilizing conserved domain prediction, the results revealed that among the 59 unique genes, the most enriched domains were PnbA and ULP1. Among the 783 expanded genes, the most enriched domains were PKc_like kinases and those belonging to the APH_ChoK_Like family.

Conclusion

This study sheds light on the genetic basis of F. zanthoxyli’s pathogenicity and evolution which provides valuable information for future research on its molecular interactions with prickly ash and the development of effective strategies to combat stem canker.
Study on the causes of changes in colour during Hibiscus syriacus flowering based on transcriptome and metabolome analyses
Authors: Li Zhezhe , Liu Dan , Wang Dongsheng , Sun Meng , Zhang Guojun , Wu Yu , Zhang Yidan , Cheng Beibei
Published: May 2024

Background

The flower colour of H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ transitions from fuchsia to pink–purple and finally to pale purple, thereby enhancing the ornamental value of the cultivars. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this change in flower colour in H. syriacus has not been elucidated. In this study, the transcriptomic data of H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ at five developmental stages were analysed to investigate the impact of flavonoid components on flower colour variation. Additionally, five cDNA libraries were constructed from H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ during critical blooming stages, and the transcriptomes were sequenced to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in flower colouration.

Results

High-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry detected five anthocyanins in H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’, with malvaccin-3-O-glucoside being the predominant compound in the flowers of H. syriacus at different stages, followed by petunigenin-3-O-glucoside. The levels of these five anthocyanins exhibited gradual declines throughout the flowering process. In terms of the composition and profile of flavonoids and flavonols, a total of seven flavonoids were identified: quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Santianol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-O-hexosyl-C-hexarbonoside, apigenin-C-diglucoside, luteolin-3,7-diglucoside, and apigenin-7-O-rutinoside. A total of 2,702 DEGs were identified based on the selected reference genome. Based on the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified 9 structural genes (PAL, CHS, FLS, DRF, ANS, CHI, F3H, F3’5’H, and UFGT) and 7 transcription factors (3 MYB, 4 bHLH) associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. The qRT‒PCR results were in good agreement with the high-throughput sequencing data.

Conclusion

This study will establish a fundamental basis for elucidating the mechanisms underlying alterations in the flower pigmentation of H. syriacus.
Fidelity, pragmatism and the “grey line” in between—exploring the delivery of a pragmatic physical activity randomised controlled trial—a secondary analysis
Authors: Hall Abigail J. , Goodwin Victoria A. , Clarke David J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Intervention fidelity in health services research has been poor with a reported lack of understanding about what constitutes pragmatic adaptation of interventions and what constitutes failure to maintain intervention fidelity. However, the challenges facing those delivering such interventions have not been thoroughly explored.

The aims of this study were to critically explore the challenges in maintaining fidelity experienced by physiotherapy staff and support workers when delivering a complex intervention for older people living with frailty.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of data from a process evaluation of a large randomised controlled trial (RCT). The process evaluation employed qualitative methodologies with mixed methods including a variety of data collection methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Thematic analysis was used to make sense of the data.

Results

Many therapy staff felt ongoing confusion about what was acceptable to adapt and what needed to follow the protocol exactly. We found that some therapy staff were able to embrace the challenges of pragmatically adapting interventions while maintaining intervention fidelity, others stuck rigidly to the protocol and failed to adapt interventions where it was necessary.

Conclusion

It was clear that the understanding of fidelity and pragmatism was poor. While pragmatic trials are vital to replicate real world clinical practice, further guidance may need to be developed in order to guide the level of adaptation that is acceptable before fidelity is undermined.
The role of community health workers in non-communicable diseases in Cape Town, South Africa: descriptive exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Doresha Lize-Marie , Williams  , Mash Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Community health workers (CHW) are an integral part of primary health care re-engineering in South Africa. Cape Town is developing community-orientated primary care, with a central role for CHWs. Their role in human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, maternal and child health has been articulated, but is less clear for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Non-communicable diseases are now a major contributor to the burden of disease. The aim was to explore the current role of CHWs regarding NCDs in the Eastern sub-district of Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods

An exploratory descriptive qualitative study made use of non-participant observation and qualitative interviews with CHWs, their managers, and nurse coordinators. Data from nine semi-structured interviews and ten observations were analysed with the framework method and Atlas-ti.

Results

The CHWs were embedded in their communities and provided services via support groups, household visits and delivery of medication. They linked people to care with assistance of nurse coordinators. They could also provide physical care in the home. They lacked the ability to counsel people on the risk factors for NCDs and their role in rehabilitation and palliative care was unclear. More nurse coordinators were needed to provide supportive supervision. Inter-sectoral collaboration was weak and hindered CHWs from addressing social issues. More standardised and comprehensive training should equip CHWs for health promotion and disease prevention during household visits. Data collected in the community needed to be analysed, reported on and integrated with data from the primary care facility. This should also contribute to a community diagnosis. Their relationship with facility-based members of the primary health care team needed to be improved. Attention needed to be given to the requirements for and conditions of employment, as well as working hours and remuneration. Some equipment was absent and hindered their services for NCDs.

Conclusions

CHWs have the potential to provide a comprehensive approach to NCDs, but community-orientated primary care needs to be strengthened in many of the key areas to support their activities. In relation to NCDs, they need training in basic and brief behaviour change counselling and risk factors as well as in the areas of rehabilitation and palliative care.
Refining neural network algorithms for accurate brain tumor classification in MRI imagery
Authors: Alshuhail Asma , Thakur Arastu , Chandramma R , Mahesh T R , Almusharraf Ahlam , Vinoth Kumar V , Khan Surbhi Bhatia
Published: May 2024

Brain tumor diagnosis using MRI scans poses significant challenges due to the complex nature of tumor appearances and variations. Traditional methods often require extensive manual intervention and are prone to human error, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Current approaches primarily include manual examination by radiologists and conventional machine learning techniques. These methods rely heavily on feature extraction and classification algorithms, which may not capture the intricate patterns present in brain MRI images. Conventional techniques often suffer from limited accuracy and generalizability, mainly due to the high variability in tumor appearance and the subjective nature of manual interpretation. Additionally, traditional machine learning models may struggle with the high-dimensional data inherent in MRI images. To address these limitations, our research introduces a deep learning-based model utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs).Our model employs a sequential CNN architecture with multiple convolutional, max-pooling, and dropout layers, followed by dense layers for classification. The proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy of 98% on the test dataset. The proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy of 98% on the test dataset. The precision, recall, and F1-scores ranging from 97 to 98% with a roc-auc ranging from 99 to 100% for each tumor category further substantiate the model’s effectiveness. Additionally, the utilization of Grad-CAM visualizations provides insights into the model’s decision-making process, enhancing interpretability. This research addresses the pressing need for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in identifying brain tumors through MRI imaging, tackling challenges such as variability in tumor appearance and the need for rapid, reliable diagnostic tools.
Primary obsessive slowness in a young woman who benefited from continuous psychoeducation and modeling with video recordings during hospitalization: a case report
Authors: Inagaki Takahiko , Funada Daisuke , Imamura Fumi , Mitamura Yasue , Murata Yuichi , Yoshimura Naoki , Kito Shinsuke
Published: May 2024

Background

Obsessive slowness, a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is characterized by compulsive behavior and significant slowness of movement. Primary obsessive slowness (POS) is defined as a condition in which a series of actions are segmented, and the patient spends an unlimited amount of time performing each action while checking each action, resulting in cessation or slowness of movement. It is often difficult to treat POS with exposure and response prevention, which is considered effective in general OCD, and no treatment has been established. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of psychoeducation and modeling using video recordings in the treatment of POS.

Case presentation

We report a case of POS in a 19-year-old woman. Each action was subdivided and ordered, and the patient could not proceed to the next action without confirming that the previous step had been performed. Therefore, she could not live her daily life independently; for instance, toileting and bathing required more than 1 h, even with assistance. After more than 5 months of long-term treatment, including pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, and modeling with video recordings, she recovered to live her daily life independently.

Conclusion

Psychoeducation and behavioral therapy can effectively treat POS. Particularly, modeling with video recordings would be an easy-to-use option for POS treatment.
Factors associated with depression among war-affected population in Northeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Anbesaw Tamrat , Kassa Mulat Awoke , Yimam Wondossen , Kassaw Altaseb Beyene , Belete Mekonnen , Abera Amare , Abebe Gashaw , Yimer Nega , Melkam Mamaru , Ayano Getinet
Published: May 2024

Background

Depression is the most common mental health outcome of exposure to war-related traumatic stressors. Due to inter-communal conflict, Dessie City residents have experienced prolonged armed conflict in 2021. This conflict leads to widespread violence, negative impact on mental health, and large-scale forced migration. However, the problem is not properly addressed in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression in the war-affected area in Dessie City, Ethiopia.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 785 participants in 2022. The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The outcome measures used in the study were validated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data was entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to depression. In multivariable logistic regression variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant and, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was used to present the strength of the association.

Result

The prevalence of depression among participants was found to be 24.5% (95% CI,21.7, 27.5). In multivariable analysis, post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.76–4.43), middle-perceived life threats (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI 2.47–17.49), low social support (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.23–2.96) were variables significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion

This study found a high prevalence of depression among Dessie City residents. post-traumatic stress disorder, middle-perceived life threats, and low social support were associated with depression. Interventional strategies should be implemented to promote healing, resilience, and the overall well-being of individuals and communities. However, the findings underscore the need to address the current lack of mental health care resources in post-conflict populations.
Enhanced clinical decisions for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia using patient-reported outcomes: protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Glaser Alexander P. , Smith Abigail R. , Maglaque Dacey , Helfand Brian T. , Mohamed Rowida , An Hosanna , Marquez Melissa , Talaty Pooja , Carolan Padraig , Geller Aaron M. , Farina Francesca R. , Jensen Sally E. , Griffith James W.
Published: May 2024

Background

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) significantly impact quality of life among older men. Despite the prevalent use of the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) for BPH, this measure overlooks key symptoms such as pain and incontinence, underscoring the need for more comprehensive patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools. This study aims to integrate enhanced PROs into routine clinical practice to better capture the spectrum of LUTS, thereby improving clinical outcomes and patient care.

Methods

This prospective observational study will recruit men with LUTS secondary to BPH aged ≥ 50 years from urology clinics. Participants will be stratified into medical and surgical management groups, with PRO assessments scheduled at regular intervals to monitor LUTS and other health outcomes. The study will employ the LURN Symptom Index (SI)-29 alongside the traditional AUA-SI and other non-urologic PROs to evaluate a broad range of symptoms. Data on comorbidities, symptom severity, and treatment efficacy will be collected through a combination of electronic health records and PROs. Analyses will focus on the predictive power of these tools in relation to symptom trajectories and treatment responses. Aims are to: (1) integrate routine clinical tests with PRO assessment to enhance screening, diagnosis, and management of patients with BPH; (2) examine psychometric properties of the LURN SIs, including test-retest reliability and establishment of clinically meaningful differences; and (3) create care-coordination recommendations to facilitate management of persistent symptoms and common comorbidities measured by PROs.

Discussion

By employing comprehensive PRO measures, this study expects to refine symptom assessment and enhance treatment monitoring, potentially leading to improved personalized care strategies. The integration of these tools into clinical settings could revolutionize the management of LUTS/BPH by providing more nuanced insights into patient experiences and outcomes. The findings could have significant implications for clinical practices, potentially leading to updates in clinical guidelines and better health management strategies for men with LUTS/BPH.

Trial registration

This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05898932).
Instrument fracture in periodontal therapy: ethical disclosure and clinical management - a case report
Authors: Yaqoob Hassan , Sadiq Ali , Karim Muhammad , Kazmi Syed Murtaza Raza
Published: May 2024

Periodontal instrument fractures are rare events in dentistry, with limited literature available on their occurrence and management. This case report highlights an incident involving the fracture of a periodontal sickle scaler blade during manual instrumentation for the removal of calculus. The fracture occurred during instrumentation on the mesial surface of the maxillary right second molar, and the separated blade was subsequently pushed into the sulcus. A radiographic assessment was performed to verify the precise location of the fractured segment. Following confirmation, the broken blade was subsequently retrieved using curved artery forceps. The case report highlights factors contributing to instrument fractures, emphasizing the importance of instrument maintenance, sterilization cycles, and operator technique. Ethical considerations regarding patient disclosure, informed consent, and instrument retrieval methods are well discussed. This case underscores the importance of truthful communication, the proper use of instruments, equipment maintenance in dentistry, and the significance of ongoing professional development to enhance treatment safety, proficiency, and ethical standards in dental care.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of critical care unit personnel regarding pediatric palliative care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Hua , Jin Linfei
Published: May 2024

Background

Few studies have evaluated the perceptions of healthcare providers in China regarding pediatric palliative care, particularly in critical care units (PICUs), where many children receive palliative care. To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of PICU personnel in China regarding pediatric palliative care.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in five cities in China (Shanghai, Suzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu and Yunnan) between November 2022 and December 2022.

Results

The analysis included 204 participants (122 females), with 158 nurses and 46 physicians. The average knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 9.75 ± 2.90 points (possible range, 0–13 points), 38.30 ± 3.80 points (possible range, 12–60 points) and 35.48 ± 5.72 points (possible range, 9–45 points), respectively. Knowledge score was higher for physicians than for nurses (P < 0.001) and for personnel with previous training in pediatric palliative care (P = 0.005). According to structural equation modelling knowledge had a direct positive effect on attitude (β = 0.69 [0.28–1.10], p = 0.001), and indirect on practice (β = 0.82 [0.36–1.28], p < 0.001); attitude had significant effect on practice as well (β = 1.18 [0.81–1.56], p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There is room for improvement in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of PICU personnel in China regarding pediatric palliative care. The findings of this study may facilitate the design and implementation of targeted education/training programs to better inform physicians and nurses in China about pediatric palliative care.
Identification of a pathogenic SMCHD1 variant in a Chinese patient with bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome: a case report
Authors: Yang Jun-Lin , Gu Heng , Yuan Zhuang-Zhuang , Xie Xiao-Hui , Yang Yi-Feng , Tan Zhi-Ping
Published: May 2024

Background

Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS; MIM603457) is a rare genetic disorder, predominantly autosomal dominant. It is a multi-system developmental disorder characterized by severe hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, and reproductive system defects. BAMS is extremely rare in the world and no cases have been reported in Chinese population so far. Pathogenic variants in the SMCHD1 gene (MIM614982) cause BAMS, while the underlying molecular mechanisms requires further investigation.

Case presentation

In this study, a Chinese girl who has suffered from congenital absence of nose and microphthalmia was enrolled and subsequently submitted to a comprehensive clinical and genetic evaluation. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was employed to identify the genetic entity of thisgirl. A heterozygous pathogenic variant, NM_015295, c.1025G > C; p. (Trp342Ser) of SMCHD1 was identified. By performing very detailed physical and genetic examinations, the patient was diagnosed as BAMS.

Conclusion

This report is the first description of a variant in SMCHD1 in a Chinese patient affected with BAMS.Our study not only furnished valuable genetic data for counseling of BAMS, but also confirmed the diagnosis of BAMS, which may help the management and prognosis for this patient.
Complex genotype–phenotype correlation of MYH11: new insights from monozygotic twins with highly variable expressivity and outcomes
Authors: Wei Xiaojiao , Ma Yunting , Xie Bobo , Gui Chunrong , Shi Meizhen , Wei Xianda , Huang Yan , Fan Xin , Wei Qiaozhen , Huang Qingmei , Deng Li , Zhang Chi , Deng Xiaoli , Gui Baoheng , Chen Yujun
Published: May 2024

Background

Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are serious autosomal-dominant diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. They are mainly caused by variants in the MYH11 gene, which encodes the heavy chain of myosin 11. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotype–phenotype correlation of MYH11 from a distinctive perspective based on a pair of monozygotic twins.

Methods

The detailed phenotypic characteristics of the monozygotic twins from the early fetal stage to the infancy stage were traced and compared with each other and with those of previously documented cases. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing techniques were used to identify and validate the candidate variants, facilitating the analysis of the genotype–phenotype correlation of MYH11.

Results

The monozygotic twins were premature and presented with PDA, pulmonary hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension. The proband developed heart and brain abnormalities during the fetal stage and died at 18 days after birth, whereas his sibling was discharged after being cured and developed normally post follow-up. A novel variant c.766 A > G p. (Ile256Val) in MYH11 (NM_002474.2) was identified in the monozygotic twins and classified as a likely pathogenic variant according to the American College of Medical Genetics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. Reviewing the reported cases (n = 102) showed that the penetrance of MYH11 was 82.35%, and the most common feature was TAAD (41.18%), followed by PDA (22.55%), compound TAAD and PDA (9.80%), and other vascular abnormalities (8.82%). The constituent ratios of null variants among the cases with TAAD (8.60%), PDA (43.8%), or compound TAAD and PDA (28.6%) were significantly different (P = 0.01). Further pairwise comparison of the ratios among these groups showed that there were significant differences between the TAAD and PDA groups (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

This study expands the mutational spectrum of MYH11 and provides new insights into the genotype–phenotype correlation of MYH11 based on the monozygotic twins with variable clinical features and outcomes, indicating that cryptic modifiers and complex mechanisms beside the genetic variants may be involved in the condition.
Smad2/3/4 complex could undergo liquid liquid phase separation and induce apoptosis through TAT in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Jiong , Wang Wendi , Li Sang , Qiao Zhengkang , Jiang Haoyue , Chang Xinyue , Zhu Yaning , Tan Hongpei , Ma Xiaoqian , Dong Yuqian , He Zhenhu , Wang Zhen , Liu Qin , Yao Shanhu , Yang Cejun , Yang Min , Cao Lu , Zhang Juan , Li Wei , Wang Wei , Yang Zhe , Rong Pengfei
Published: May 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most significant causes of mortality due to cancer-related deaths. It has been previously reported that the TGF-β signaling pathway may be associated with tumor progression. However, the relationship between TGF-β signaling pathway and HCC remains to be further elucidated. The objective of our research was to investigate the impact of TGF-β signaling pathway on HCC progression as well as the potential regulatory mechanism involved.

Methods

We conducted a series of bioinformatics analyses to screen and filter the most relevant hub genes associated with HCC. E. coli was utilized to express recombinant protein, and the Ni–NTA column was employed for purification of the target protein. Liquid liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein in vitro, and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) were utilized to verify whether the target proteins had the ability to drive force LLPS. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were utilized to assess gene expression levels. Transcription factor binding sites of DNA were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) qPCR. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell apoptosis. Knockdown of target genes was achieved through shRNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assays, and nude mice tumor transplantation were utilized to test cell proliferation ability in vitro and in vivo.

Results

We found that Smad2/3/4 complex could regulate tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) expression, and this regulation could relate to LLPS. CHIP qPCR results showed that the key targeted DNA binding site of Smad2/3/4 complex in TAT promoter region is −1032 to −1182. In addition. CCK-8, colony formation, and nude mice tumor transplantation assays showed that Smad2/3/4 complex could repress cell proliferation through TAT. Flow cytometry assay results showed that Smad2/3/4 complex could increase the apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Western blot results showed that Smad2/3/4 complex would active caspase-9 through TAT, which uncovered the mechanism of Smad2/3/4 complex inducing hepatoma cell apoptosis.

Conclusion

This study proved that Smad2/3/4 complex could undergo LLPS to active TAT transcription, then active caspase-9 to induce hepatoma cell apoptosis in inhibiting HCC progress. The research further elucidate the relationship between TGF-β signaling pathway and HCC, which contributes to discover the mechanism of HCC development.
Assessment of environmental and spatial factors influencing the establishment of Anopheles gambiae larval habitats in the malaria endemic province of Woleu-Ntem, northern Gabon
Authors: Longo-Pendy Neil-Michel , Sevidzem Silas Lendzele , Makanga Boris Kevin , Ndotit-Manguiengha Saturnin , Boussougou-Sambe Stravensky Térence , Obame Ondo Kutomy Piazzy , Obame-Nkoghe Judicaël , Nkoghe-Nkoghe Lynda-Chancelya , Ngossanga Barclaye , Mvoubou Felicien Kassa , Koumba Christophe Roland Zinga , Adegnika Ayôla Akim , Razack Abdul-Safiou , Mavoungou Jacques François , Mintsa-Nguema Rodrigue
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of Anopheles mosquito larval habitats and the environmental factors associated with them, as a prerequisite for the implementation of larviciding.

Methods

The study was conducted in December 2021, during the transition period between the end of the short rainy season (September–November) and the short dry season (December-February). Physical, biological, and land cover data were integrated with entomological observations to collect Anopheles larvae in three major towns: Mitzic, Oyem, and Bitam, using the "dipping" method during the transition from rainy to dry season. The collected larvae were then reared in a field laboratory established for the study period. After the Anopheles mosquitoes had emerged, their species were identified using appropriate morphological taxonomic keys. To determine the influence of environmental factors on the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes, multiple-factor analysis (MFA) and a binomial generalized linear model were used.

Results

According to the study, only 33.1% out of the 284 larval habitats examined were found to be positive for Anopheles larvae, which were primarily identified as belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex. The findings of the research suggested that the presence of An. gambiae complex larvae in larval habitats was associated with various significant factors such as higher urbanization, the size and type of the larval habitats (pools and puddles), co-occurrence with Culex and Aedes larvae, hot spots in ambient temperature, moderate rainfall, and land use patterns.

Conclusions

The results of this research mark the initiation of a focused vector control plan that aims to eradicate or lessen the larval habitats of An. gambiae mosquitoes in Gabon's Woleu Ntem province. This approach deals with the root causes of malaria transmission through larvae and is consistent with the World Health Organization's (WHO) worldwide objective to decrease malaria prevalence in regions where it is endemic.