bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Конституційний статус суддів: порівняльні аспекти правового регулювання держав Європи та Азії
Authors: Koziar-Skok L. V.
Published: June 2020

Метою статті є проведення порівняльно-правового дослідження конституційного закріплення принципів статусу суддів у сучасних державах Європи та Азії.

Наукова новизна полягає у спробі дослідити проблемні аспекти конституційно-правового регулювання статусу суддів у сучасних демократичних державах та на основі проведеного аналізу положень конституцій зарубіжних країн виділити конституції тих держав, де законодавець прагнув досить повно відобразити принципи конституційно-правового статусу суддів і гарантії його забезпечення, а також конституції, де ці аспекти регламентуються більшою чи меншою мірою фрагментарно.

Висновки. Проведений аналіз положень конституцій зарубіжних країн в частині регулювання статусу суддів дає підстави для їх диференціації за певними особливостями, а саме: 1) де законодавець прагнув досить повно відобразити принципи конституційно-правового статусу суддів і гарантії його забезпечення (з проаналізованого вище – це Німеччина, Польща, Україна, Іспанія, Казахстан); 2) де ці аспекти регламентуються більшою чи меншою мірою фрагментарно або в нерозривному зв’язку із закріпленням базових основ судоустрою (Франція, Болгарія, Бельгія, Чехія, Білорусь, Японія).

Незважаючи на відмінності в обсязі та формулюваннях, відповідних зовнішніх і внутрішніх ознак правового статусу професійного судді, гарантій його забезпечення, загальним є вектор нормативно-правового регулювання, яке на ідеологічному рівні ґрунтується на одних і тих самих концепціях.

Головним чином, це стосується визнання незалежності суддів як основоположного принципу їх правового статусу в сучасному демократичному суспільстві, з чим пов’язані і всі інші принципи разом із гарантіями їх здійснення. Принцип незалежності судової влади та самого судді (суддів) обумовив й закріплення на конституційному рівні положень про незмінність і недоторканність суддівського корпусу, створення для цього особливих соціальних, фінансових і навіть нормативних умов. Про останні свідчать, з одного боку, визначення, закріплені в багатьох конституціях зарубіжних країн, щодо необхідності прийняття окремого органічного закону про статус суддів, а з іншого боку, – приписи щодо врегулювання цих питань виключно на законодавчому рівні.
Законодавче регулювання міжконфесійних відносин на Правобережній Україні наприкінці XVIII – на початку ХХ ст.
Authors: Shchetinin O. V.
Published: June 2020

Правобережна Україна у складі Російської імперії була окремим регіоном, де була представлена низка релігійних конфесій та організацій й існувала своя правова традиція. Правове становище окремих конфесій стало предметом дослідження українських та зарубіжних науковців, однак правове регулювання відносин між ними ще недостатньо вивчене. Дослідження історичного досвіду політики законодавчого регулювання міжконфесійних відносин у регіоні є важливим для забезпечення ефективного правового регулювання цих відносин сьогодні.

Мета статті – охарактеризувати законодавче регулювання міжконфесійних відносин на Правобережній Україні наприкінці XVIII – на початку ХХ ст.

Наукова новизна полягає в узагальненні законодавчого регулювання міжконфесійних відносин на основі останніх досліджень у цілому, а не тільки між окремими конфесіями.

Висновки. Законодавче регулювання міжконфесійних відносин російською імперською владою кінця XVIII – початку ХХ ст. у цілому по відношенню до неправославних церков та релігійних організацій мало обмежувальний характер. При цьому законодавчі акти, які регулювали ці відносини, у багатьох випадках були непослідовними і взаємосуперечливими, що було наслідком загальної невпорядкованості законодавства імперії. Проте, починаючи з 1830-х рр., ситуація зазнала змін. Серйозною проблемою для влади упродовж всього досліджуваного періоду була практична реалізація ухваленого законодавства на місцях. Особливо ця проблема була характерна для такої сфери, як переходи з однієї конфесії в іншу. Процес вдосконалення законодавства у сфері міжконфесійних відносин відбувався повільно, і навіть на початку ХХ ст. законодавство працювало переважно на користь Російської православної церкви, хоча права інших релігійних організацій були розширені. Однією з найхарактерніших особливостей юридичних актів була їх станова спрямованість. Для подальших досліджень перспективними напрямками можуть бути: порівняльний аналіз законодавства щодо діяльності релігійних організацій у регіоні, більш детальне вивчення ефективності законодавчого регулювання релігійних процесів у регіоні, а також дослідження досвіду правового регулювання діяльності малих релігійних організацій регіону, зокрема татар-мусульман.
Професійний розвиток кадрового потенціалу публічної служби в сучасних українських реаліях
Authors: Dmytrenko H. V. , Kachan Y. V.
Published: June 2020

Вимоги, які сьогодні висуває суспільство до професійної діяльності публічних службовців, передбачають не тільки посилення відповідальності та ефективності її здійснення, а й постійне підвищення ними рівня власної професійної кваліфікації. Публічним службовцям для якісного виконання своїх обов’язків недостатньо володіти лише вузькопрофільними знаннями, їм необхідні знання й розуміння механізмів взаємодії держави, суспільства та окремих громадян.

Мета статті полягає у теоретичному аналізі професійного розвитку кадрового потенціалу публічної служби в сучасних українських реаліях.

Наукова новизна ґрунтується на проведенні комплексного дослідження теоретичних і практичних основ професійного розвитку кадрового потенціалу публічної служби, здійснено системний аналіз стану наукової розробки проблеми професійного розвитку кадрового потенціалу публічної служби України.

Висновок. Для України професійне навчання державних службовців є особливо важливим не лише у світлі глобальних процесів, а й у контексті необхідності системно-трансформаційних реформ у напрямку формування ефективної системи державного управління. Підготовка державних службовців передбачає розкриття професійного потенціалу людини, що в нашій країні має вирішальне значення для створення незалежної, сильної європейської держави.

Система публічного управління в Україні пройшла тривалий і складний період становлення, що супроводжувався постійним реформуванням інституту публічної служби і трансформацією принципів та підходів до кадрового забезпечення.

Розроблена на сьогодні стратегія розвитку державної служби базується на інноваційному підході, здійсненні управління проектами в державних органах, а також на визначенні різних проектних рішень, їх виборі та реалізації.
HAKEKAT TANGGUNGJAWAB PENGGUNA ANGGARAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Djusli Katuwu Elvis
Published: June 2020

Budget User (PA) can not be, mutatis mutandis, or immediately seated as suspect/defendant in a corruption case, because the error position, is an act contrary to the legality of the acts of officials which is based on authority, porsedur and substance. Budget User Officials act is an act of administrative and criminal use is ultimum Remedium. Legal responsibility for the Budget Authority granted to the Budget Users: a. The budget user accountability, whether as mandated by the law that was given to him as KPA, or stages in Presidential Decree No. 80 Year 2003 concerning Procurement of Government Goods and Services, (2) The authority is bound, where all procedures have been done, so the PA there is no reason to not be able to do. (3) The thoroughness in considering the law, if there is an emergency or urgent situations.

Abstrak

Pengguna Anggaran (PA) tidak dapat, mutatis mutandis, atau langsung duduk sebagai tersangka / terdakwa dalam kasus korupsi, karena posisi kesalahan, merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan legalitas tindakan pejabat yang didasarkan pada kewenangan, porsedur dan substansi . Tindakan Pejabat Pengguna Anggaran adalah tindakan penggunaan administratif dan kriminal adalah Remedium ultimum. Tanggung jawab hukum untuk Otoritas Anggaran yang diberikan kepada Pengguna Anggaran: a. Pertanggungjawaban pengguna anggaran, baik sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh undang-undang yang diberikan kepadanya sebagai KPA, atau tahapan dalam Keputusan Presiden No. 80 Tahun 2003 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah, (2) Otoritas terikat, di mana semua prosedur telah selesai, jadi PA tidak ada alasan untuk tidak bisa melakukan. (3) Ketelitian dalam mempertimbangkan hukum, jika ada situasi darurat atau mendesak.
PENGARUH TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL PADA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PROFESI KEDOKTERAN TERHADAP MALAPRAKTIK MEDIK
Authors: Syarifuddin Andi
Published: June 2020

The influence of social transformation in the relationship between doctor and patient medical in health care, which is unchanged in terms of both the development of science and medical technology as well as in terms of increasingly sophisticated medical equipment. Changes in medicine in adjusting to the development or transformation of science that took place globally, which is more focused on the actualization of resource quality  and the perpetrators of medical and actualization of the aspects of the instrument of facilities and infrastructure to support the service in the medical field. In an effort to build a balance or equality impact on the quality of medical services more quality, berkepastian and fair and expediency, legal counseling needs to be done simultaneously to socializing the various aspects of medical law against citizens as the most important stakeholders in the world of medical services.

AbstrakPengaruh transformasi sosial dalam hubungan antara dokter dan pasien dalam perawatan kesehatan, yang tidak berubah dalam hal pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi medis serta dalam hal peralatan medis yang semakin canggih. Perubahan ilmu kedokteran dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan atau transformasi ilmu yang terjadi secara global, yang lebih fokus pada aktualisasi kualitas sumber daya dan pelaku medis dan aktualisasi aspek instrumen sarana dan prasarana untuk mendukung layanan di bidang medis. Dalam upaya membangun keseimbangan atau dampak kesetaraan pada kualitas layanan medis yang lebih berkualitas, berkepastian dan adil dan bijaksana, konseling hukum perlu dilakukan secara bersamaan untuk mensosialisasikan berbagai aspek hukum kedokteran terhadap warga negara sebagai pemangku kepentingan terpenting di dunia. layanan medis.
KONTRADIKTIF PENERAPAN HUKUM PAJAK BERGANDA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hatta Hatta
Published: June 2020

This study focused on the policy aspects of the law, especially in the field of tax law. In addition, this study examines and assesses the policy process tax law in determining the double taxation prevention methods which tend to emphasize the comparison method Bilateral and Multilateral Unilateral methods. This research was conducted using the method of normative basing on primary legal materials. The results showed that, emphasizes the aspects of bilateral methods of avoiding double taxation can only regulate the avoidance of double taxation for foreign taxpayers alone, but to set the avoidance of double taxation in the country more appropriate use of unilateral methods. For the method of multilateral results are less than the maximum because there are different interests of countries that enter into agreements.

AbstrakPenelitian ini difokuskan pada aspek kebijakan hukum, terutama di bidang hukum perpajakan. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji dan menilai proses kebijakan undang-undang perpajakan dalam menentukan metode pencegahan perpajakan berganda yang cenderung menekankan metode perbandingan metode Bilateral dan Multilateral Unilateral. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode normatif mendasarkan pada bahan hukum primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, menekankan aspek metode bilateral menghindari pajak berganda hanya dapat mengatur penghindaran pajak berganda untuk wajib pajak asing saja, tetapi untuk mengatur penghindaran pajak berganda di negara tersebut lebih tepat menggunakan metode unilateral. Untuk metode hasil multilateral kurang maksimal karena ada berbagai kepentingan negara yang masuk ke dalam perjanjian.
NILAI PEMBUKTIAN SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH
Authors: Maryam Patajai Sitti
Published: June 2020

Every plot of land controlled and/or owned wherever possible is secured from the possibility of a dispute with another person, by being registered with the competent authority to obtain protection and guarantee of legal certainty. Land rights certificates have perfect verification value, therefore they can serve as powerful evidence.

The certificate of title to land as an authentic deed has the power of proof of birth of formal proof, because all the explanations contained therein are viewed as information from the issuing official and its issuance in accordance with the applicable law provisions so it is very difficult to be canceled or declared invalid.

AbstrakSetiap sebidang tanah yang dikendalikan dan / atau dimiliki sedapat mungkin dijamin dari kemungkinan perselisihan dengan orang lain, dengan didaftarkan pada otoritas yang kompeten untuk mendapatkan perlindungan dan jaminan kepastian hukum. Sertifikat hak tanah memiliki nilai verifikasi sempurna, oleh karena itu mereka dapat berfungsi sebagai bukti kuat.

Sertifikat hak milik atas tanah sebagai akta otentik memiliki kekuatan bukti kelahiran bukti formal, karena semua penjelasan yang terkandung di dalamnya dipandang sebagai informasi dari pejabat penerbit dan penerbitannya sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku sehingga sangat sulit dibatalkan atau dinyatakan tidak valid.
Expression of Emotional Intelligence Among Tennis Players
Authors: Dumčienė Audronė , Bilevičienė Saulė , Sipavičiūtė Beatričė
Published: June 2020

Background. Emotional intelligence (EI) is most commonly studied based on the cognitive-emotional ability or trait emotional self-efficacy model (Siegling & Petrides, 2015). This study was based on the EI capability model. Research based on ability models measures a person’s ability to solve emotional problems and assesses the ability to perform emotion-related tasks (Magrum, Waller, Campbell, & Schempp, 2019). The aim of this study was to reveal the expression of emotional intelligence in tennis players.Methods. To collect data, Schutte SSRI questionnaire survey was applied. Research participants were 99 tennis payers (55 men and 44 women, aged 15 to 65 years), including 85 amateurs and 15 professional players.Results. The comparison of mean scores for emotional intelligence according to gender showed that women had a statistically significantly higher score in other people’s emotion management (3.8 ± 0.44) than men (3.6 ± 0.49) (t(97) = –2.116; p = .037). Age comparisons of emotional intelligence scores revealed a statistically significant better estimate among tennis players over the age of 41 (4.24 ± 0.53) than those under the age of 30 (3.78 ± 0.7) (p = .008). There were also statistically significant positive weak relationships between tennis player age and emotion utilization (r = .269; p = .007) and overall emotional intelligence rating (r = .211; p = .036). There were no statistically significant differences between the aspects of emotional intelligence in training duration (p > .05).Conclusions. It was found that women believed they were better able than men to manage other people’s emotions, and the difference between women’s and men’s opinions was statistically significant (p < .05). Statistically significant positive correlations were revealed between the age of tennis players and the use of emotions (p < .01) as well as age and the general assessment of emotional intelligence (p < .05). This study did not reveal a significant relationship between the emotional intelligence of tennis players and the duration of training (p > .05). Keywords: tennis players, emotional intelligence, abilities.
International legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment
Authors: Sergiy Savchuk
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the research of international experiences in the area of regulation of non-standard forms of employment. Currently, the issues relating to labour rights are regulated by an entire system of international instruments, including the Charter of the United Nations (1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions and Recommendations of International Labour Organization. In addition, according to the Article 424 of Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part (2014), our country shall ensure gradual approximation to the EU law, standards and practices in the area of employment, social policy and equal opportunities.

The article provides an analysis of ILO Conventions and Recommendations as well as EU Directives on issues of temporary employment, part-time work, on-call work, outstaffing and other multiparty labour relations; disguised labour relations and dependent self-employment. It pays special attention to reflect subcontractual relations in the provisions of international labour law. It is concluded that even though subcontractual relations cannot be directly covered by labour law, some ILO Conventions and EU Directives reflect them in their provisions.

It draws conclusion that despite the fact that non-standard forms of employment emerged almost along with standard labour relations, the regulation of the former at the level of international instruments appeared only in the second half of the XXth - beginning of the XXIst centuries. At present, non-standard forms of employment are covered by international instruments only partially. At the same time, such coverage is not comprehensive nor focused specifically on non-standard employment.

The provisions of the ILO and EU instruments are characterized by a harmonious co-relation regarding the regulation of non-standard forms of employment. This is due to the fact that many EU member states have ratified ILO Conventions addressing non-standard forms of employment.
The nordic saga of citizenship
Authors: Iryna Sofinska
Published: June 2020

The modern concept of citizenship is undergoing a gradual transformation under the influence of significant geopolitical changes, permanent civilizational, globalization, and migration challenges. No longer is citizenship an exclusive legal sign indicating that an individual is a part (subject) of a particular State because a meaningful and understandable paradigm is changing. An individual as a citizen becomes increasingly essential, valuable for every democratic State. The country of his/her birth might not be the same as the country of origin or country of citizenship.He/she can claim rights or privileges inside and outside the country (extra-territorial) in a reciprocal way.

As the primary motivation of this article is to explore the peculiarities of citizenship in Nordic countries after the global migration crisis in Europe during 2015–2016. All of them are shortlisted in few important indexes globally in 2017 (World Happiness Index, Visa Restriction Index, etc.). All of them have a very high GDP nominal per capita, which demonstrates a practical application of homo-centric concept, guaranteeing human rights, prosperity, and stability.

The article highlights the achievements of those scholars (R. Bellamy, G.-R. De Groot, Ch. Joppke, W. Kymlicka, L. Orgad, P. Spiro, P. Shuck, P. Veil and others) who earlier explored the value paradigm of citizenship and the legal identity of an individual in the context of globalization, migration, and human rights. Relevant analytical and statistical expert reports and forecasts provide clear guidance for further modernization of intelligent segmentation of citizenship models and elements.

The trajectory of a traditional vision of citizenship in Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) changed from 'undeserved right' to 'earned privilege'. This transformation can be viewed in gender-biased nationality laws, dual nationality clauses, specific features of filiation, preconditions of naturalization, requirements of citizenship termination, etc.
Legal nature of subordinated debt of financial institutions in Ukraine
Authors: A Babaskin
Published: June 2020

In the article, the author argues that from the point of view of private law, the relationship that arises between the debtor (financial institution) and the creditor in attracting funds on terms of subordinated debt, is an economic relationship for attracting, respectively, loan, loan, bank deposit, which is performed on the terms of subordinated debt. Liabilities arising from borrowing on a subordinated debt basis are long-term, unsecured, repayable, and that change the order of creditors' claims to be applied in the event of the debtor's liquidation or bankruptcy. The existence of public-law rules governing the attraction of funds on subordinated debt does not affect the legal nature of the said transactions. Therefore, the failure of a debtor to comply with a transaction with the requirements of public law to attract funds on the basis of subordinated debt does not affect its validity. The funds attracted by the debtor bank acquire the status of subordinated debt, subject to obtaining the permission of the National Bank of Ukraine to take into account the borrowed funds on terms of subordinated debt to the capital of the bank. In the absence or revocation of the said permit, there is no reason to include such funds in the equity of the debtor bank and to assign the claims of the lender to such transaction in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy of the debtor bank to the queue established by law to satisfy the claims of creditors on subordinated debt. The article gives a comparative description of subordinated debt and hybrid capital instruments as components of the bank's additional capital, and offers suggestions for improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine.
Decodification VS recodification of the labor legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Yana Simutina
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of urgent problems arising in the process of reforming labor legislation in Ukraine with a view to its liberalization. In connection with the introduction of the draft Labor Law, register for consideration by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, No. 2708 dated 12/28/2019, the author focuses the attention on the question regarding the form of the main legislative act in the field of labor in Ukraine.

The aim of the article is to find out the differences between the forms of systematization of legislation, in particular, codification, recodification and decoding, and to justify taking into account the peculiarities of the national legal system, which of these types is the most appropriate in the process of reforming the labor legislation in Ukraine.

Results. The codification of legislation is primary in relation to other legal phenomena, as it underlies decodification and recodification. The codification is an independent and complete form of systematization of legislation, which can be replaced by decodification or recodification only in certain cases. The latter are completely opposite to each other and are directly dependent on codification, since the absence of a codified act makes them impossible. Recodification is a form of refinement of a codified act, a kind of tool for eliminating gaps in the legal regulation of a particular sphere of public relations.

The existence of a codified act in the sphere of work for Ukraine is a legal tradition.

The reform of labor law must be done with due regard to the fact that labor law is, among other things, a special tool for the implementation of social policy of the state and an independent branch of law, which is fundamentally different from other branches (civil, administrative) in its subject, method, the functions and principles of legal regulation.

The comprehensive and systematic reform of the entire branch of labor law should be carried out through its recodification, that is, the adoption of a new modern Labor Code of Ukraine or Labor Code, which will concentrate most direct labor rules of labor, while maintaining the most fundamental provisions of current legislative and regulatory acts, which justified themselves terms.

Conclusions. Modernizing the labor legislation of Ukraine in the form of its recodification is the most optimal option for further independent development of the labor law branch in the legal system of Ukraine.
Principle of parity of social insurance management funds as a guarantee for the implementation of the insured persons 'rights
Authors: Halyna Trunova
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the necessity for scientific research in determining the level of implementation of the principle of parity management of social insurance funds, as well as the next stage of reforming the social insurance system and a departure from the principle of parity management of social insurance funds.

The aim of the article is to make some proposals for the sustainable functioning of the principle of parity in the management of social insurance funds, which will contribute to guaranteeing the realization of the rights of the insured in the field of social insurance.

Results. The National System of Social Insurance Principles was laid down in the Concept of Social Security for the Population. Among the general principles of social insurance in the Concept was highlighted the principle of autonomy of managing the activity of social insurance funds on the principles of social partnership and self-government under state control. Subsequently, undergoing certain transformations, but not changing the essence, this principle was changed to the principle of parity of management of social insurance funds.

The analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practice shows the implementation in practice of the principle of parity management of social insurance funds, which certainly promotes transparency, efficiency of functioning of the social insurance system and minimizes the cases of non-insurance compensation. At the same time, draft laws on the reform of social insurance in the direction of weakening the rights of social partners (employers and trade unions) in the management of funds do not promote the rights of the insured and nullify the international legal acts ratified by Ukraine.

Conclusions. It is proved that the stability of the social insurance system depends on the proper implementation of all principles of social insurance, as well as on the development of the economy, stable political situation, conceptual development of legislation in the field of social insurance with the participation of social partnership parties. It is concluded that the principle of parity of management of social insurance funds ensures mutual responsibility of the parties of social partnership and promotes the effectiveness of the social insurance system.
Institutional mechanism of EU peacekeeping
Authors: Oleksiy Kresin
Published: June 2020

The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which has been going on for more than five years, has led to irreparable losses – the deaths of thousands of our country's defenders and civilians, immensely more people being maimed, tortured and inhumane, deprived of their housing and means of subsistence. The losses of infrastructure, economy and culture of the country are enormous. It is no exaggeration to say that the very existence of Ukraine as a sovereign state has been questioned, and the political, social, economic, psychological trauma already inflicted by Russian aggression will be felt for a very long time – not for years, but for generations. But the biggest challenge for Ukraine is that the algorithm for stopping aggression and restoring the territorial integrity of the state has not yet been invented.

The use of international peacekeeping mechanisms is considered by many Ukrainian and foreign experts to be one of the means of achieving this goal. This prompts an appeal to the study of the institutional mechanism of the European Union's peacekeeping activity, as an organization actively involved in counteracting Russian aggression in Ukraine and having significant peacekeeping experience.

The paper demonstrates that the institutional structure of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) has evolved for the most part over the last ten years (after the entry into force of the 2007 Lisbon Treaty) and is still partly in the making and cannot be considered as complete. The author argues that the CFSP in general, and in particular the Common Security and Defense Policy, is provided by both intergovernmental and supranational institutions, but decision-making and partly their implementation remain intergovernmental and require consensus on fundamental issues and the achievement of a complex qualified majority in their implementation, while common organs in this area is just of an executive nature.
Public Opinion: Notion, Peculiarities and Role in the Law-making Process.
Authors: Tetiana Tarakhonych
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of public opinion formation and development in the process of progressive changes of Ukrainian society and state. The article underlines that the public opinion plays an important role in the law-making process.

It is pointed out that the public opinion is an evaluative component of public consciousness, which is reflected in different forms of manifestation by means of sentiment, feelings, emotions, judgments concerning an object of knowledge and reflects a certain level of knowledge concerning certain phenomena, processes, facts, etc.

The research characterizes the features of public opinion: public opinion is the evaluative side of social consciousness; directed to a certain object of cognition; it is reflected in certain forms of manifestation; characterized by information saturation; has certain spheres of influence; it is characterized by inherent spatial and temporal features; it has the ability to influence the consciousness and practical activities of various actors, to determine their social behavior; it has a certain structure, emotional, cognitive and strong-willed components, and preference is given to those that are dominant in nature and induce to the action.

The author underlines that most scholars tend to separate the rational, emotional, and strong-willed manifestation of public opinion.

The structural components of public opinion are defined and characterized, namely: subjects, object, content. It is noted that the object of public opinion is events, actions, facts, phenomena of public life, which are directed by the public opinion. The subjects of public opinion are members of society, a certain community, a group, etc., endowed with consciousness and will, able to show their attitude to the object of cognition. It is also pointed out that the content aspect of public opinion is those feelings, emotions, judgments, actions that facilitate of the realization of interests and needs of public opinion subjects. It states that in the public opinion`s mechanism of actions the interests and needs are important, which are constantly changing.

The article emphasizes that the external and internal factors affect the substantive and essential nature of public opinion.

The functional focus of the public opinion is defined and it provides the opportunity to determine and characterize such basic functions of public opinion as: expressive, control, directive, cognitive, informational, prognostic, etc.
EVALUASI PERESEPAN PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DI KLINIK PENYAKIT DALAM INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RSUD K.R.M.T WONGSONEGORO SEMARANG
Authors: Mulyani Tri , Rukminingsih Fef
Published: June 2020

The medical problems encountered in geriatric patients cause the prescribing to be susceptible to polypharmacy so that the possibility of creating Drug Related Problems (DRPs) is likely. Beers Criteria is one method to avoid the occurrence of DRPs. This study aims to evaluate prescribing of geriatric patients based on the Beers Criteria 2015 at the internal medicine clinic in the outpatient installation of K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. This research was an descriptive observational study using retrospective data from geriatric patients' medical records at the internal medicine clinic in the outpatient installation of K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang in the period October - December 2017. A total of 300 medical records were taken at simple random as samples. Data for each patient were only taken once during the study period. The patient is a national health insurance participant and is ≥60 years old. The data obtained was then identified using Beers Criteria 2015. Based on the prescription of 300 geriatric patients in the internal medicine clinic in Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang, it is known that 88,33% patients received prescription included in Beers Criteria 2015. The five medicine most prescribed are Na diclofenac, omeprazole, digoxin, ranitidine, and diazepam. Medications included in Beers Criteria are medicine that should not be given to geriatric patients so that caution is needed in the use of these medicine.
Strategic Orientation and Effects of E-Administration: Findings from the Miles and Snow Framework
Authors: Hawrysz Liliana
Published: June 2020

Much has been written about the strategic orientation of public administration organizations (prospecting, defending, reacting, and analyzing) and their consequences for organizational effects, but little is dedicated to e-administration. Is the provision of services using IT affecting the adoption of strategic orientation and its effects? The paper is dealing with e-administration issues, specifically in terms of the impact of the Miles and Snow strategic orientation on e-administration effects. To measure e-administration effects, the author’s personal tool using the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) criterion has been proposed. The data collection was conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method, in the period from November 2017 to January 2018. Two hundred and twenty-six Polish organizations took part in the study. The objective of this study, i.e., assessing the impact of strategic orientation and e-administration effects, was achieved by using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. It is indicated that the Defender orientation is positively associated with the effects of e-administration.
Arthropod Diversity Influenced by Two Musa-Based Agroecosystems in Ecuador
Authors: Vera-Aviles Daniel , Suarez-Capello Carmita , Llugany Mercè , Poschenrieder Charlotte , De Santis Paola , Cabezas-Guerrero Milton
Published: June 2020

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are very important crops in Ecuador. Agricultural production systems based on a single cultivar and high use of external inputs to increase yields may cause changes in the landscape structure and a loss in biodiversity. This loss may be responsible for a decrease in the complexity of arthropod food webs and, at the same time, related to a higher frequency and range of pest outbreaks. Very little is known either about the ecological mechanisms causing destabilization of these systems or the importance of the diversity of natural enemies to keep pests under control. Few studies have focused on this issue in tropical ecosystems. Here, we address this problem, comparing two Musa-based agroecosystems (monocultivar and mixed-species plantations) at two sites in Ecuador (La Maná and El Carmen) with different precipitation regimes. The diversity of soil macro fauna, represented by arthropods, was established, as indicators of the abovementioned disturbances. Our ultimate goal is the optimization of pest management by exploring more sustainable cropping systems with improved soil quality. Arthropod abundance was higher in the mixed system at both localities, which was clearly associated with the quality of the soils. In addition, we found Hymenoptera species with predatory or parasitic characteristics over the pests present in the agroecosystems under study. These highly beneficial species were more abundant at the locality of La Maná. The mixed type of production system provides plant diversity, which favors beneficial arthropod abundance and permits lower agrochemical application without yield penalties in comparison to the monoculture. These findings will help in the design of Musa-based agroecosystems to enhance pest control.
Assessing the Potential of Jellyfish as an Organic Soil Amendment to Enhance Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Sand Dune Restoration
Authors: Emadodin Iraj , Reinsch Thorsten , Ockens Raffaele-Romeo , Taube Friedhelm
Published: June 2020

Worldwide, sandy coastlines are affected by extensive wind and water erosion. Both soil quality and periodic drought present major problems for sand dune restoration projects. Hence, soil amendments are needed to improve soil quality and enhance soil restoration efficiency. The jellyfish population has increased in some aquatic ecosystems and is often considered as a nuisance because of their negative impacts on marine ecosystem productivity as well as coastal attractiveness. Thus, development of new products derived from jellyfish biomass has received attention from researchers although utilization is still at a preliminary stage. Herein, our main objective was to test seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling vitality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) when supplied with organic soil amendment from two different jellyfish species (Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata) in comparison with an unfertilized control and mineral fertilizer treatment. We hypothesized that jellyfish dry matter as an organic soil amendment would improve seed germination and seedling establishment in sand dune environments. Germination and seedling growth experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse. The results indicate that jellyfish enhanced seedling growth and establishment in sand dune soil significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) under water scarcity conditions. Therefore, jellyfish may have potential for an auxiliary role in sand dune restoration projects in coastal areas in the future.
NaCl and Na2SO4 Salinities Have Different Impact on Photosynthesis and Yield-Related Parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Irakoze Willy , Prodjinoto Hermann , Nijimbere Séverin , Rufyikiri Gervais , Lutts Stanley
Published: June 2020

To elucidate the comparative effect of chloride and sulfate salinities on photosynthesis and yield components in rice, plants of Oryza sativa (cv. I Kong Pao (salt-sensitive)) were exposed in nutrient solutions to 20 mM Na2SO4 or 40 mM NaCl (electrical conductivity of c.a. 4.30 dS m−1 for both solutions) from seedlings to maturity stage. Both types of salt induced a strong decrease in net photosynthesis (AN) at the seedling and tillering stages, while the intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) remained unaffected. Instantaneous transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased at the tillering and seedling stages, respectively, only in plants exposed to NaCl. Chloride salinity also strongly decreased photosynthetic pigments, while no impact was detected in response to Na2SO4. All yield-related parameters were affected by salinities, but NaCl was significantly more deleterious than Na2SO4 for the mean number of tillers produced per plant, spikelets sterility and non-viable pollen percentage. In contrast, both types of salinity similarly impacted the percentage of fertile tillers and 1000-grain weight. At the grain level, more than 90% of toxic ions (Na+, excess of Cl− and S6+) accumulated in the hulls, thus preserving the internal part of the caryopses from toxic ion injuries.
Identification and Quantification of Plant Growth Regulators and Antioxidant Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca
Authors: Benítez García Israel , Dueñas Ledezma Ana Karen , Martínez Montaño Emmanuel , Salazar Leyva Jesús Aarón , Carrera Esther , Osuna Ruiz Idalia
Published: June 2020

Aqueous seaweed extracts have diverse compounds such as Plant-Growth Regulators (PGRs) which have been utilized in agricultural practices for increasing crop productivity. Algal biomass of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca have been suggested for use as biofertilizers because of plant growth-enhancing properties. This work aimed to identify the main PGRs and antioxidant properties in P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts, such as abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, jasmonates, and salicylates, to assess their potential use as biofertilizers that improve plant growth and crop yield. Phytochemical analyses of two seaweed extracts showed a significantly higher content of sulfates, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in P. durvillaei extract, which could be linked to its higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to U. lactuca extract. The identification and quantification of PGRs showed two gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), three cytokinins (tZ, IP, and DHZ), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in two seaweed extracts. However, GA4, tZ, and DHZ contents were significantly higher in P. durvillaei compared to U. lactuca extracts. These findings evidence that P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts are suitable candidates for use as biofertilizers.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Edible Honeysuckle Monitored through RAPD in Relative to Bioactive Substances
Authors: Cehula Marcela , Mlček Jiří , Juríková Tünde , Žiarovská Jana , Paulen Oleg , Dokoupil Libor , Adámková Anna , Babosova Ramona
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of selected cultivars and clones of Lonicera sp. (edible honeysuckle) from two countries with different climatic and soil conditions. Accordingly, the determination of total polyphenols content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in fruits of Lonicera sp. in 2018–2019 was performed. Applied statistical methods evaluating TPC and TAA were: correlation and regression, ANOVA, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The neighbor-joining method and gel images analysis (PyElph software, Pavel and Vasile, Bucharest, Romania) were used for genetic analysis. The average TPC of all cultivars and clones was 5.32 mg L−1 in the year 2018 and 3.78 mg L−1 in 2019. The average TAA values of all samples in 2018 were 8.24 mg L−1, and 9.27 mg L−1 in 2019. Statistically significant correlations between years and cultivars and clones were found. Based on the lengths and number of fragments by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR’s, it was found that ‘clone 5’ and ‘clone 7’ were genetically close to the grown cultivars from the Czech Republic. Therefore, edible honeysuckle fruits are a valuable source of important nutrients for the human body and its health.
A Comparative Study of Composts Prepared from Various Organic Wastes Based on Biological and Chemical Parameters
Authors: Jakubus Monika
Published: June 2020

One of the principles of the circular economy requires the effective recycling of organic waste, especially since its volume is increasing from year to year. Therefore, one of the best solutions to solve this problem is the composting of organic waste. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of 10 different composts in terms of their quality. The composts varied with regard to waste materials used for composting, the adopted composting method, and the degree of compost maturity. Both biological (seed germination rate and intensity of plant root growth) and chemical methods (contents of macro- and micronutrients, presence of heavy metals, as well as the quality and quantity of humus compounds) were applied to evaluate the fertilisers, providing comprehensive characteristics of individual composts. It was found that composts prepared on the basis of sewage sludge had the highest contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as heavy metals. In addition, these composts contained the greatest amounts of humic substances, although these were of low quality. These composts also strongly inhibited seed germination and plant root growth. The least desirable chemical composition was found for the composts based on yard trimmings and household wastes prepared in home composters. These composts contained good quality humus compounds and had a positive effect on seed germination and plant root growth.
Modeling Planting-Date Effects on Intermediate-Maturing Maize in Contrasting Environments in the Nigerian Savanna: An Application of DSSAT Model
Authors: Tofa Abdullahi I. , Chiezey Uche F. , Babaji Bashir A. , Kamara Alpha Y. , Adnan Adnan A. , Beah Aloysius , Adam Adam M.
Published: June 2020

The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Maize model in Decision Support System for Agricultural Technology Transfer (DSSAT) was calibrated and evaluated with experimental data for simulation of response of two intermediate-maturing maize varieties to different sowing dates in the Nigerian savannas. The calibration experiments involved 14 consecutive field trials conducted in the rainy and dry seasons in Bayero University Kano (BUK), Dambatta, and Zaria between 2014–2019. Two sets of field experiments were conducted simultaneously for model evaluation in Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna zone and Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna zone during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The experiments for calibration had two maize (SAMMAZ-15 and SAMMAZ-16) varieties planted under optimum conditions with no water and nutrients stresses. The trials for model evaluation were conducted using the same varieties under four different nitrogen (N) rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1). A 30-year (1985–2014) term simulation was performed to determine effect of varying sowing dates on yields of two maize varieties (SAMMAZ-15 and SAMMAZ-16) in the Sudan savanna (SS), northern Guinea savanna (NGS), and southern Guinea savanna (SGS) zones. The calibration results showed that the cultivar coefficients of the two maize varieties resulted in simulated growth and development parameters that were in good agreement with observed parameters. Model evaluation showed a good agreement between simulated and observed data for phenology and growth of maize. This demonstrated the potential of the CERES-Maize model to simulate growth and yield of maize in the Nigeria savannas. Results of 30-year sensitivity analysis with 9 different sowing windows showed that in SS, sowing the intermediate maize varieties from early to mid-June produced the highest grain yields. In NGS, the optimum sowing windows were found between late June and late July for the both varieties. In SGS, the optimum sowing window is from early June to late July for SAMMAZ-15 and mid-June to late July for SAMMAZ-16. These planting windows gave the highest long-term average yields for each variety. The variety SAMMAZ-15 was found to be best performing across the three agro-ecologies. Maize performance was generally higher in NGS than in SGS. SS in the Sudan savanna recorded the lowest yield compared with other locations.