bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Density Effects on North Antlantic Oscillation Reconstruction: Analysis and Application
Authors: van der Laan Larissa , Kirchner Anna , Heselschwerdt Simon P. , Hesselbjerg Christensen Jens
Published: March 2024

A deep understanding of the climate system and its variability is essential for the development of reliable climate predictions. Over the North Atlantic, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), characterized by pressure differences between Iceland and the Azores, is the dominant mode of near-surface atmospheric circulation variability. It explains approximately half of the interannual variability in winter atmospheric pressure in the North Atlantic sector and affects jet streams, storm tracks, and surface climate conditions in surrounding areas. In order to improve understanding of the NAO, its teleconnections and longer-term patterns, multiple means of reconstruction have been employed over time, both model- and proxy-based. Due to the point-based nature of proxy data, the applicability of these reconstructions on a wider spatial scale is difficult to estimate.We investigate the relationship between spatial data density and reconstruction accuracy through conducting a series of principal component-based NAO reconstructions from temperature and precipitation data. The amount of data available to reconstruct from is thinned through spatial hyperslabbing. Using ERA5 temperature data, the correlation between the reconstructed and observed NAO index for 1990-2020 decreases only little, from 0.80 to 0.79 and 0.78, when thinning the original amount of data (N = 78,899 data points) to 17% and 0.09%, respectively. The variability however is lowered significantly, limiting information on the strength of the NAO. The impact of data density and location is then applied to create a ranking of the utility and estimate biases in existing proxy-based NAO reconstructions and potential future ones. Using this information, we finally create a multi-proxy NAO reconstruction for the past two millennia.
Innovations in Soil Water Bioengineering: A Stakeholder Perception Assessment
Authors: Pini Sara , Preti Federico
Published: March 2024

Integrating Soil and Water Bioengineering (SWBE) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) represents a historical and advanced approach to addressing complex environmental issues. In particular, SWBE, as NBS, solutions aim to mitigate the occurrence and propagation of hydrogeological hazards. Techniques involving plants, and locally available materials, like timber and stone, have characterized land management since past times, guided by practical experience and necessity. In recent decades, we started rediscovering these techniques by including them in the definition of SWBE.This study explores the current knowledge and perceptions of practitioners, such as engineers, architects, geologists, agronomists-foresters, and naturalists, regarding practices defined as SWBE by recent legislation and scientific literature. A questionnaire will be distributed through different communication channels to achieve this goal, mainly targeting the professional association of interest. The questionnaire consists of three sections: i) collecting the stakeholders’ biographical information, ii) investigating knowledge of the basic concepts and interpretation of SWBE and NBS techniques, and iii) discussing critical issues, possible improvements, and future perspectives in applying SWBE and NBS.The results of this study provide a framework that leads to a deeper understanding of how SWBE and NBS are understood outside the academic environments, fostering more significant interaction between technical application and theoretical development. Analyzing similarities and divergences between the state of the art, current practices, and stakeholder perceptions is crucial, thus helping identify gaps and bringing out new frontiers of innovation within SWBE.
Analysis of South Korea's 3S Forest Management Pathways for Carbon Neutrality Achievement
Authors: Hong Mina , Son Jinwon , Kim Moonil , Ko YoungJin , Lee Woo-Kyun
Published: March 2024

In recent years, global climate change has emerged as a critical issue, exerting widespread impacts across various sectors. In response, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has emphasized the urgency of preparing for a 2℃ temperature rise by focusing on greenhouse gas reduction strategies and the vital role of forests as carbon sinks. Aligning with international efforts, South Korea has formulated the "2050 Carbon Neutrality Strategy" and presented corresponding strategies in the forestry sector. This research utilizes the Korean Dynamic Forest Growth Model to explore forest management pathways aimed at achieving carbon neutrality through the aspects of sequestration, storage, and substitution (3S). The study incorporates climate change scenarios and forest policies to select appropriate management pathways. The assessment of various scenarios revealed that the combination of the SSP1 climate change scenario, clear-cutting, thinning of approximately 200,000 hectares, reforestation with suitable species, and ensuring a maximum forest road accessibility of 1 km produced significant and meaningful results across all three aspects of forest management (sequestration, storage, and substitution). As a result, sequestration of 28.49 million tCO2 yr-1, a storage of 2.1 billion tCO2 yr-1, and the substitution 7.92 million m3 of harvested wood products (HWP) in the 2050. Furthermore, the 3S forest management approach is expected to contribute to mitigating tree-age imbalances and provide resilience against the impacts of climate change. In conclusion, this study is meaningful in that it suggested a spatio-temporal forest management path by reflecting the environmental characteristics of Korea for achieving carbon neutrality. This is considered to be able to contribute to local government carbon neutrality achievement plans and national policies. 
Gales: a multiphysics code for volcanic deformation
Authors: Garg Deepak , Papale Paolo , Longo Antonella , Montagna Chiara
Published: March 2024

Ground deformation in volcanic settings can reflect pressurizing/depressurizing subsurface magma bodies, which could have geometries ranging from spheroid-like fluid-filled reservoirs to complex networks of dikes, sills, and crystal mush regions.  Having accurate forward models of deformation is important for resolving magma storage geometries and understanding stress states that influence the stability of volcanic areas and any potential eruption activity. In this regard, the finite element method (FEM) has enjoyed wide popularity due to its robustness and accuracy of results in handling of arbitrary geometries.  
We have developed an open-source hpc multiphysics finite element code Gales for solving a wide variety of PDEs. The code is parallelized using OpenMPI, aimed at multi-node (distributed memory architecture) machines. The software is written in modern C++ and can be used on a single desktop as well as on large clusters. The code offers to do static, quasistatic, and dynamic analysis for linear and non-linear elastic rock deformation in 2D/3D. The software can account for heterogeneous rock properties, real topography, and geometrical complexities associated with multiple magmatic reservoirs, connecting dykes, and volcanic conduits. 
The equations are solved using standard Galerkin FEM. For transient problems, temporal discretization is done using the second-order accurate generalized alpha method. The code has been verified on several test cases covering engineering benchmarking to problems with analytic solutions.
A recent validation exercise on "Drivers of Volcano Deformation", participated by an ample community worldwide, demonstrated Gales as one of the best open-source codes for providing accurate solutions for all exercises, with performance comparable with that of the commercial Comsol software in any individual application.
On the importance of the cryosphere in a tropical Andean basin: the past, present and future of the glaciers and runoff in the Rio Santa
Authors: Fyffe Catriona , Potter Emily , Miles Evan , Shaw Thomas , McCarthy Mike , Orr Andrew , Loarte Edwin , Medina Katy , Fatichi Simone , Pellicciotti Francesca
Published: March 2024

The Peruvian Andes contains the largest mass of glaciers in the tropics and these glaciers have shown considerable decay over the past 4 decades and into the present day. The historic and future runoff is tied to the cryospheric changes in the region and this could have important consequences for water resources, given the importance of snow and ice melt for dry season runoff. To disentangle the role of the cryosphere in the water cycle in the tropical Andes we run the fully distributed, hourly glacier-hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH, both in the past (from 1987) and into the future over the upper Rio Santa catchment in the Cordillera Blanca. Meteorological forcing is provided by bias-corrected WRF simulations, which are also used for statistical downscaling of CMIP5 model projections to provide the future climatology. Calibration of model parameters is conducted using a step-wise approach using a wealth of ground-based data and model outputs are evaluated against gauged runoff data and remote sensing estimates of snow cover, glacier cover and glacier mass balance. We find that under present conditions (2008-2018) snowmelt is an important contributor to runoff, comprising 16% to 47% of inputs (the range in weekly average as a proportion of all snow melt (on and off-glacier), ice melt and rain contributions) into the catchment with its proportional contribution largest at the beginning of the dry season (early June). Off-glacier snowmelt is important in the wet season, but snow is confined to on-glacier areas by the mid-dry season. Snow cover
Chromium isotope compositions of sediments from the global oceans
Authors: Bruggmann Sylvie , Blaser Patrick , Jaccard Samuel
Published: March 2024

The chromium (Cr) isotope system (δ53Cr) is a promising tool to reconstruct changes in marine redox conditions and biological productivity through geological time, but uncertainties remain regarding the pathway of Cr from the water column to the sediment record (Janssen, 2021; Huang et al., 2021; Bruggmann et al., 2023). While sediment Cr concentration and isotope data are available from continental margin sites and oxygen minimum zones (e.g., Gueguen et al., 2016; Bruggmann et al., 2019), modern sediments from open marine settings are understudied. Such sediments can provide key information to understand how Cr from the water column or across the sediment-water interface accumulates in the sediment.We will investigate the response of Cr concentrations and isotope compositions (i) in the authigenic fraction of different types of pelagic sediments (carbonate-rich versus clay-rich) (ii) from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific to complement published seawater δ53Cr values, and (iii) their changes during well-characterised climate changes in the Quaternary, specifically the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The database of Cr isotope compositions in the modern global oceans resulting from this study will significantly enhance the interpretation of Cr isotope changes in sediments from the geological record. ReferencesBruggmann S., Severmann S. and McManus J. (2023) Geochemical conditions regulating chromium preservation in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 348, 239–257.Gueguen B., Reinhard C. T., Algeo T. J., Peterson L. C., Nielsen S. G., Wang X., Rowe H. and Planavsky N. J. (2016) The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 184, 1–19.Huang T., Moos S. B. and Boyle E. A. (2021) Trivalent chromium isotopes in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen-deficient zone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118.Janssen D. J. (2021) Release from biogenic particles, benthic fluxes, and deep water circulation control Cr and δ53Cr distributions in the ocean interior. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 574,117163.
Thick lithosphere in NE Brazil: Implication for lithospheric stretching during South Atlantic opening
Authors: Garcia Xavier , Julià Jordi
Published: March 2024

The Borborema province is a mobile belt that was established at the end of the Brasiliano orogeny (600±50 Ma) as a consequence of the collision among the West African, São Luiz, Congo-Kasai and São Francisco cratons. Its basement comprises vast blocks of Archean and Paleo-Proterozoic ages. The Borborema province is crossed by several mantle-scale shear faults, with eastward extension into Africa. During the opening of the South Atlantic, the Borborema Province played a key role, initially through extensional deformation that allowed the formation of several basins, and later acting as a lock during Albian times. Indeed, its northeasternmost portion at the contact between the South Atlantic and the Equatorial Atlantic was the last to split from Africa. It has been suggested that internal block rotation provided by the shear zones absorbed deformation, and that the final split from Africa provided the connection between the Equatorial and South Atlantic oceans only after thinning of the lithosphere and oceanic rifting. With the goal to study the resistivity structure at lithospheric depths of the Borborema Province, a 3D long- period MT survey was conducted in NE Brazil in 2016 and 2017. The 3D inversion model revealed an unexpectedly resistive, therefore thick lithosphere along the continental margin of the study area, narrowing towards the SW. This finding suggests that the current Borborema continental margin endured segmented extensional deformation during the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, and that deformation probably focused on a narrow continental block currently offshore and in select internal areas.
Analysis of the impact of enhanced predicted EOP on satellite orbit prediction
Authors: Domingo Centeno Leonor Cui , Puente García Víctor , Rodríguez Pérez José Carlos , Belda Santiago , Modiri Sadegh
Published: March 2024

Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) constitute the set of parameters that describe the rotation of the Earth with respect to an inertial reference frame. Apart from proper force modelling, EOP are also needed in orbit prediction to calculate the position and velocity of satellites in space. The accuracy of EOP prediction is essential for orbit determination since any error in its computation will propagate to the predicted state vector of the satellite.The magnitude of the impact of EOP prediction errors depends on the type of orbit and the time interval over which the predictions are made. These EOP prediction inaccuracies can lead to significant position errors as small errors in the EOP accumulate rapidly, thus resulting in larger deviations from the nominal satellite position. Therefore, this effect can be significant and become a concern for applications requiring high precision, such as positioning.In this contribution, we present numerical results of the discrepancies in the GNSS orbit prediction found when propagating the satellite orbits employing different time series of EOP predicted values. We show a comparison and assessment of the EOP values obtained by different prediction methods used in the 2nd Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC), aiming to study the validation of those EOP that yield the most accurate results in the GNSS orbit prediction.
Accelerating Hydrological Model Inversion: A Multilevel Approach to GLUE
Authors: Rudolph Max , Wöhling Thomas , Wagener Thorsten , Hartmann Andreas
Published: March 2024

Inverse problems play a pivotal role in hydrological modelling, particularly for parameter estimation and system understanding, which are essential for managing water resources. The application of statistical inversion methodologies such as Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) is often obstructed, however, by high model computational cost given that Monte Carlo sampling strategies often return a very small fraction of behavioural model runs. There is a need, however, to balance this aspect with the demand for broadly sampling the parameter space. Especially relevant for spatially distributed or (partial) differential equation based models, this aspect calls for computationally efficient methods of statistical inference that approximate the “true” posterior parameter distribution well. Our study introduces multilevel GLUE (MLGLUE), which effectively mitigates these computational challenges by exploiting a hierarchy of models with different computational grid resolutions (i.e., spatial or temporal discretisation), inspired by multilevel Monte Carlo strategies. Starting with low-resolution models, MLGLUE only passes parameter samples to higher-resolution models for evaluation if associated with a high likelihood, which poses a large potential for substantial computational savings. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach using a groundwater flow model with a hierarchy of different spatial resolutions. With MLGLUE, the computation time of parameter inference could be reduced by more than 60% compared to GLUE, while the resulting posterior distributions are virtually identical. Correspondingly, the uncertainty estimates of MLGLUE and GLUE are also very similar. Considering the simplicity of the implementation as well as its efficiency, MLGLUE promises to be an alternative for statistical inversion of computationally costly hydrological models.
High-altitude radar meteors detected using a new analysis algorithm for interferometric meteor head echoes
Authors: Kastinen Daniel , Kero Johan
Published: March 2024

We have a long-term goal of creating a holistic and cross-disciplinary approach to meteor research where we connect together topics such as meteor measurements, ablation simulations, meteoroid stream simulations, and sensor simulations. Here, we present the most recent work on developing an automated radar data analysis algorithm able to calculate probability distributions of meteor- and meteoroid parameters for head echoes measured using interferometric high-power large-aperture radars. The algorithm utilizes direct Monte Carlo simulations of uncertainties, with Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo estimation of meteor model parameters. The algorithm also employs N-body propagation of distributions to perform orbit determination, estimating the galactic background noise temperature for absolute-calibration and an statistical approach using many high signal-to-noise ratio meteors for phase calibration. This analysis algorithm has been applied to data from the Middle and Upper atmosphere (MU) radar in Shigaraki, Japan. As a first case study, we have re-analysed a part of the MU radar meteor head echo data set collected during 2009-2010. As a result we have confirmed the existence of a rare high-altitude radar meteor population with initial altitudes reaching up to ~150 km. Out of the total amount of 106 000 events, only 74 had an initial altitude >130 km, while four of those had an initial altitude >145 km.
Influence of water stress on the productivity of Mediterranean oak savanna grassland 
Authors: Muñoz-Gómez María J. , Andreu Ana , Carbonero María D. , Blázquez-Carrasco Ángel , Gónzalez-Dugo María P.
Published: March 2024

Grasslands of Mediterranean oak savannas supply numerous ecosystem services and are key for the rural development of extensive regions. Their phenology and overall productivity are significantly influenced by water availability. As a result, the considerable year-to-year fluctuations in production are tied to the variable nature of the Mediterranean climate.This study aimed to assess the grasslands net primary production (NPP) in a region of Southern Spain for a period of 17-year (2001-2018). The spatiotemporal variations and linkages to water availability, with a focus on practical on-farm management were examined.  A Light-Use Efficiency model to estimate NPP was combined with the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) models to derive evapotranspiration and the anomalies of relative evapotranspiration, used as a proxy of water stress. Both models were adapted to the particular structure of these savanna-type systems and applied integrating meteorological information and MODIS satellite data. The findings yielded valuable insights into how these grasslands respond to drought conditions in the region. During the major droughts of 2004/2005 and 2011/2012, the reduction in aerial biomass production was 42% and 67%, respectively.  The study pinpointed the most productive area, characterized by low slopes and moderate tree cover. The biomass production time series classification identified four distinct trends in the region, all displaying shifted relationships with similar slopes between production and anomalies of relative evapotranspiration. However, a seasonal and monthly analysis was necessary to explain the behavior of years with unusual relationships. In addition to the known importance of spring for annual grassland production in this area, the seasonal analysis highlighted the significance of autumn, particularly with spring water deficits. The most productive years exhibited favorable conditions in both spring and autumn.The proposed methodology to characterize grassland productivity in relation to water availability can be a useful tool for farmers. When combined with forecast data, it could assist in determining the optimal level of management intensification, leading to an adjustment of their stocking rate.
Integrated assessment of climate change impacts on transitional waters and the role of nature-based solutions in regulating water quality
Authors: Asresu Asrat Tekle , Furlan Elisa , Horneman Fabienne , Nguyen Ngoc Diep , Torresan Silvia , Zennaro Federica , Canu Donata , Alcazar Leslie Aveytua , Laurent Celia , Solidoro Cosimo , Marcomini Antonio , Critto Andrea
Published: March 2024

Transitional environments are particularly susceptible to multiple pressures like climate change, land use or pollution that can lead to the deterioration of their water quality (WQ) and ecosystem services. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can be implemented as adaptation strategies essential for maintaining WQ regulation. Numerical models offer valuable support to understand the WQ dynamics of transitional environments and the influence of NBS, together with the evaluation of the effects induced by interacting stressors and different management schemes. The Venice lagoon is a transitional environment of great ecological and socio-economic value where NBS are at play through salt marsh restoration programs. A literature review revealed that current assessments and modelling approaches of the effects of NBS on WQ are characterized by the analysis of short-term observations, lack of integration of multiple ecosystem processes, as well as limited consideration of catchment scale management strategies. Considering these challenges, a new WQ modelling system will be developed for the Venice Lagoon by integrating a vegetation module for saltmarshes into an existing coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model. The vegetation module will represent the effects of NBS, i.e. saltmarshes restoration measures, in order to evaluate their role and effectiveness in regulating WQ through their influence on the hydrodynamics, as well as the nutrient and carbon cycle associated with the distribution, growth, and mortality of saltmarsh vegetation. Onsite monitoring of WQ indicators linked to eutrophication processes in relation to climate-related stressors, hydro-morphodynamic processes, and implementation of restoration activity will be utilized to support and validate the modeling methodology. For this purpose, automatic recording instruments with high temporal resolution have already been placed providing data on different WQ parameters that can be related to hydrodynamic conditions and the ongoing restoration activities. Furthermore, the designed model will support the evaluation of WQ changes in the Lagoon against future climate change scenarios and several ‘what-if’ scenarios representing different NBS, thereby informing management and adaptation decision-making processes. KeywordsClimate change impacts, multi-hazards, transitional ecosystem, water quality, eutrophication, integrated modelling, nature-based solutions, salt marshes, biogeochemistry, Venice Lagoon
Downscaling Tomographic Images with Generative Neural Networks
Authors: Santos Théo , Bodin Thomas , Soulez Ferréol , Capdeville Yann , Ricard Yanick
Published: March 2024

In seismic tomography, only waveforms up to a minimum period are observed, preventing to resolve scales smaller than a minimum wavelength. As a result, seismic tomography is only able to recover effective mediums, which are smoothed versions of the studied structures. A true small-scale structure can be related to its corresponding effective medium through the homogenization theory of wave propagation.Geodynamics is able to model small-scales structures, providing useful a priori information about the Earth structures. In this study, we aim to combine small-scale a priori information and the homogenization theory to downscale tomographic images, i.e. find the small-scale realistic models equivalent to the observed smooth images. It requires an appropriate parametrization of the small-scale models, that takes into account the a priori information.We propose to carry out this parametrization with a Generative Neural Network. After the training, the network can generate models that are statistically similar to the training set – in this context, a set of small-scale models, corresponding to the a priori structures. This parameterization integrates the prior, as it is learned during the training. It also has the advantages to be low-dimensional, computationally quick, and avoid strong non-linearities relationships between parameters and the data.The network is then utilized in an inverse framework to dowscale a given tomographic image.To test this methodology, we train the network on geodynamical simulations of the mantle, the marble-cake models. For a given synthetic smoothed effective tomographic image, we plug the network into a Bayesian framework, using a McMC to explore the space of marble-cake models that are equivalent to the tomographic image for long period waves.
Conceptual Model of Global Ice Volume during the Quaternary for the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Pollak Felix , Capron Emilie , Chase Zanna , Jong Lenneke , Parrenin Frédéric
Published: March 2024

During the Quaternary, the dominant periodicity and amplitude of glacial-interglacial cycles underwent a transition from low-amplitude cycles of 41 kyr to high-amplitude 100 kyr cycles around 1.2-0.8 Myr ago. This transition is known as the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). The cause of the MPT is still unclear, as there was no change in the external orbital forcing during this time. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Proposed hypotheses include scenarios of gradual and abrupt changes in the climate system over the Pleistocene, with ongoing debate about whether the MPT was triggered by an abrupt or gradual change.Here, we utilize a conceptual model, which is a zero-dimensional representation of the climate system that simulates the global ice volume over the past 2 Myr. While the standard model is solely driven by orbital forcing namely obliquity and precession, it can be extended to take internal forcing into account, either caused by an abrupt or gradual change during the Pleistocene. Since the gradual setup has been shown to yield the best results, we focus on improving this model configuration by investigating different parameterizations and their influence on the model output. The model is fitted onto reconstructed global sea levels of the past 2 Myr, using a Monte Carlo random walk for tuning the parameters. Once properly tuned, the model can be used to simulate future glacial-interglacial cycles. The objective is to gain further insights into the underlying mechanisms that initiated the MPT and which mathematical features in this model are the most relevant. In future work, this conceptual model could be extended to include other paleoclimatic records like atmospheric CO2 or methane.
The hidden eruption: 21 may 2023 Etna (Italy) 
Authors: De Beni Emanuela , Cantarero Massimo , Mereu Luigi , Pioli Laura , Proietti Cristina , Romeo Francesco , Scollo Simona , Alparone Salvatore
Published: March 2024

We report the results of field and Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) surveys carried out after the 21 May 2023 eruption of Etna (Italy). This event occurred under terrible weather conditions that prevented its observation by the INGV-OE (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Osservatorio Etneo) surveillance video and thermal camera network. After some weeks of Strombolian activity at the South-East Crater (SEC), which started on the 4th of May, a dramatic increase in the volcanic tremor, localized underneath the SEC, marked the onset of lava fountain at 5.30 UTC on the 21st of May. The lava fountain, lasting at least 4 hours, formed a lava flow and a plume about 10 km high, while ash fell on the southwest flank of the volcano. The bad weather condition, that consisted in strong storm and dense clouds covering the summit of Etna, did not permit to observe the phenomenon. Luckily the multi-parameter monitoring stations scattered around the volcano were working. In particular, the volcanic tremor, the clinometric and the borehole dilatometer signals clearly indicated the onset of a lava fountains. An unusual snow fall (considering it was springtime) did not allow any direct survey of the area until two weeks later, and the continuing cloud cover hindered remote observation. When MapLAB staff, of the INGV-OE, finally reached the eruptive scenario to perform a UAS survey, they realized that a volcanoclastic deposit overlapped the middle portion of the lava flow. During the survey, the deposit has been also studied and sampled along its extension. Thanks to a Structure from Motion software a 3D reconstruction of the SEC, the lava flows and the deposit has been done. The data collected allowed for detailed mapping, quantification and characterization of the proximal and distal products (300 m and more than 800 m away from the vent, respectively). The presented results increase knowledge about the SEC instability and collapse phenomena, of which we have become increasingly aware over the past two decades. These hazards could present a significant threat for people walking along touristic path ways near Etna summit craters.
Towards constraining Venus structure by means of atmospheric loading displacement response 
Authors: Munch Federico Daniel , Khan Amir , Martens Hilary , Boehm Christian
Published: March 2024

Surface mass loads produce a wide spectrum of deformation responses in planetary bodies that can be exploited to probe material properties in planetary interiors. In particular, the redistribution of fluid mass associated with Venus’s atmospheric dynamics leads to periodic changes in the Venusian surface displacements and thus gravitational field. These periodic variations could potentially be detected by upcoming Venus missions, e.g., VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy) and EnVision, which are expected to greatly  improve our knowledge of Venus’s gravity field. By combining a state-of-the-art general circulation model of Venus’s atmosphere with a novel approach to the solution of the quasi-static momentum equations in the coupled gravito-elastic problem, we explore the sensitivity of the atmospheric loading response to mantle structure. In addition, we investigate the effect of 3-D crustal and lithospheric variations on Venus’s gravity field and the tidal and load Love numbers. Preliminary results suggest that an accurate estimation of the time-varying gravity field and surface displacements can provide important constraints on the interior structure of Venus through the measurement of the load Love numbers.
Hydro-Morphological Impacts of Longshore Current and Riverine Sediment in the San Luis Rey River
Authors: Zimmerman Julia , Everett Cassandra , Savant Gaurav
Published: March 2024

Longshore sediment transport is heavily impacted by the dynamic connection between riverine and coastal processes. The management and flood protection strategies of the San Luis Rey River, located in Oceanside, California, USA has been heavily impacted by this process. Hydro-Morphological numerical modeling, completed under the USACE’s Regional Sediment Management Program indicated significant flood risk to the area due to the interaction between these processes and resulting sedimentation in the lower river channel.
In this work, Adaptive Hydraulics 2D Shallow Water (AdH-SW2D), a high fidelity, finite-element model, is used to simulate riverine hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions in the river channel for multiple river management strategies for current and future hydrographic conditions. Similarly, STWAVE (STeady-state spectral WAVE), was used to model the coastal portion of this combined system. To study the interaction between the riverine and coastal processes and their impact on the hydro-morphological characteristics of the system, the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CSTORM-MS), was used to couple the two previously described models. Results show that sedimentation in the San Luis Rey River is heavily impacted by the longshore current, river conditions, and backwater impacts present in both current and future predictions and that the shoaling due to these processes has a direct, negative impact on flood conditions throughout the channel. 
Introducing AustroSIF: A compilation of combined passive and active fluorescence data at flux tower sites across Europe; dataset overview and potential applications
Authors: Martini David , Sakowska Karolina , Migliavacca Mirco , Julitta Tommaso , Hammerle Albin , Schwarz Michaela , Scholz Katharina , Galvagno Marta , Duveiller Gregory , Pacheco-Labrador Javier , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: March 2024

Remote sensing of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) provides a valuable tool to assess vegetation state and productivity at large spatial scales and in an unintrusive way. SIF is the absorbed light re-emitted by chlorophyll pigments in the red to infrared range (650-850 nm). It represents one of the three main mechanisms that plants use to dissipate the absorbed light energy, the other two being photochemistry and thermal dissipation (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ). Because both photosynthesis and SIF emission occur at the chloroplast level and share the same excitation energy, SIF can be related to photosynthesis. SIF has been successfully used to predict GPP and the absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR), and in recent years, it has been implemented in state-of-the-art radiative transfer models and several TBMs. Still, the development of SIF-based methods for the prediction of GPP is hindered by the lack of data, especially in regard to coupled GPP-SIF-NPQ estimates. The NPQ mechanism has proven to be the dominant energy dissipation pathway, especially during extreme heat events, and it is the key missing element to correctly relate SIF to GPP. However, so far, SIF has mostly been linked to GPP in a simplistic way, without properly considering the effect of NPQ and with no explicit calculation of the allocation of excitation energy.The present work aims at presenting a novel dataset from the AustroSIF project. In this project, we collected time series of ground-based active and passive chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral reflectance from 7 eddy-covariance flux tower sites in Europe. The dataset includes sites from Austria, Italy, Poland, Germany and Spain. Key variables present in the dataset include GPP from eddy-covariance, SIF and reflectance-based indices from tower-mounted hyperspectral spectrometers, as well as NPQ, photochemical quenching (PQ), and electron transport rate (ETR) from a continuous pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) instrument. These data have been obtained for periods varying from 3 to 9 months per site between 2018-2022. In this contribution, we will present the dataset and highlight potential applications for model development and improved mechanistic understanding of the SIF-GPP-NPQ interplay. Prospective applications include improved NPQ characterizations in models such as SCOPE (a radiative transfer and energy balance model) and ORCHIDEE (a terrestrial biosphere model capable of ingesting SIF).
Multi-technique investigation of Mercury's southern magnetosphere based on BepiColombo first swingbys
Authors: Griton Léa , Exner Willi , Heyner Daniel , Houeibib Ahmed , Issautier Karine , Kasaba Yasumasa , Kojima Hirotsugu , Moncuquet Michel , Pantellini Filippo
Published: March 2024

The recent swingbys of Mercury by BepiColombo were the first ones ever to pass through the southern magnetosphere, revealing unseen signatures in observational data.Our electron instrument SORBET/PWI can be used to identify signatures of boundary crossings, such as shock, magnetopause, but also trapped plasma population on closed magnetic field lines in the night side. To bring the observations along the swingbys into a global magnetospheric context, we employ the global 3D magnetohydrodynamic and hybrid models ARMVAC_PLANET (Lesia, l’Observatoire de Paris) and AIKEF (TU Braunschweig/ESA). A new step consists of injecting test particles (especially electrons) in the MHD simulations.Exploring Mercury's magnetosphere is important both for modeling Mercury's intrinsic magnetic field and for recovering the properties of the upstream IMF once the probe is inside the magnetosphere. These latest results are a major asset for future coordinated observations planned for BepiColombo two spacecraft.
Integrated Modeling of Agricultural and Hydrological Systems for Sustainable Resource Allocation: A Case Study of the Khuzestan Region
Authors: Maleki Ali , Darabi Kerchi Hamed , Piadeh Farzad
Published: March 2024

This research employs a systems dynamics approach to simulate the intricate dynamics of the agricultural sector, a predominant consumer of resources, with a focus on the Khuzestan region. By meticulously reviewing reports and conducting field visits, we extracted essential inputs for both hydrological and agricultural models. Our objective was to formulate the behaviors of hydrology and agriculture, providing a comprehensive understanding of the region's phenomena. Employing Vensim software, we modeled and integrated the agriculture and hydrology of the region, subsequently deriving a mathematical model for analysis[1].The model's performance was assessed over a 96-month period from 2011 to 2019, utilizing evaluation metrics such as Lux indices, protein production index, and yield index. Notably, the study reveals that, with the exception of 2018 when Khuzestan experienced flooding, the region consistently faces high water stress[2]. Remarkably, the environmental sector claims the largest share of resource consumption in the region, shaping the allocation dynamics[3]. Analyzing the prevailing agricultural patterns, our findings indicate that sugarcane, wheat, and rice exhibit the highest financial income per cubic meter of water consumption.This research contributes valuable insights into the sustainability challenges of resource allocation in the Khuzestan agricultural sector. The integrated modeling approach provides a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between hydrological and agricultural components, shedding light on potential strategies for optimizing resource management. The findings hold significance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking sustainable solutions to address water stress and enhance agricultural productivity in comparable regions.  Keywords: Systems Dynamics; Agricultural Modeling; Hydrological Modeling; Resource Allocation, Khuzestan Region[1] Mehranfar, N., Kolahdoozan, M., & Faghihirad, S. (2023). Development of multiphase solver for the modeling of turbidity currents (the case study of Dez Dam). International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 168, 104586.[2] Vahid, R., Farnood Ahmadi, F., & Mohammadi, N. (2021). Earthquake damage modeling using cellular automata and fuzzy rule-based models. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-14.[3] Naghedi, S.R., Huang, X. and Gheibi, M., 2023. A smart dashboard for forecasting disaster casualties: An investigation from sustainable development dimensions (No. EGU23-17237). Copernicus Meetings.
The development of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Forecasting System under the Destination Earth initiative.
Authors: Kontoes Charalampos , Papadopoulou Dorella , Bartsotas Nikolaos S. , Kazadzis Stelios , Koutalieris George , Stathopoulos Christos , Salta Foteini N. , Patlakas Platon , Papachristopoulou Kyriaki , Fountoulakis lias , Delkos Anagnostis , Symeonidis Symeon , Sinnis Vasileios
Published: March 2024

The transition towards clean energy consists a fundamental challenge in most recent EU policies as well as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Paris Agreement on climate change. However, the dependency of renewable energy systems from climate and weather, renders it into a quite challenging task. Besides a number of factors that need to be initially taken into account and relate to the efficiency of the systems and their resilience to climate-related factors, the day-to-day energy market requires accurate and detailed information on solar and wind availability in different spatial scales, as energy users range from roof top private owners to regional and large-scale facilities. This kind of information can only be provided through a fusion of numerical models and satellite based earth observation platforms.In order to accommodate this need and act as a decision support system, a Hybrid Renewable Energy Forecasting System (HYREF) is developed for solar and wind forecasting, under the framework of Destination Renewable Energy (DRE), a European Space Agency (ESA) funded project. The HYREF utilises outputs from high resolution forecasting models, Destination Earth (DestinE) Digital Twin forecast data and Data Lake data (e.g. Global Ocean 1/12° Physics Analysis and Forecast, Vegetation Indices, CORINE Land Cover, and Global 10-daily Fraction of Vegetation Cover, data from the Weather-induced extremes Digital Twin among others) as well as end-user provided historical and real-time data that allow for specific site adaptation through probabilistic models and statistical post processing. The service will use the newly established Service Platform (DESP) that is supported by the DestinE initiative. The HYREF software is flexible, will provide spatial upscaling options based on the DESP data coverage and, as a user-driven service, will evolve gradually through continuous interaction and feedback from the end-users with additional direct engagement of market stakeholders. The final product is expected to increase energy efficiency and cater the needs of a broad spectrum of renewable energy users from private owners to large-scale facilities, industrial users, up to transmission and distribution national operators.
Stable isotope paleoaltimetry reveals Early to Middle Miocene along-strike elevation differences of the European Alps
Authors: Ballian Armelle , Meijers Maud M. J. , Cojan Isabelle , Huygue Damien , Methner Katharina , Boateng Daniel , Mutz Sebastian G. , Kurz Walter , Krsnik Emilija , Zwingmann Horst , Rolland Yann , Ehlers Todd , Fiebig Jens , Mulch Andreas
Published: March 2024

The European Alps, one of the most studied mountain ranges worldwide, are hypothesized to have experienced diachronous surface uplift resulting from slab-breakoff (Schlunegger and Kissling, 2018; Handy et al., 2015). However their surface elevation history is yet not well constrained (Campani et al., 2012; Krsnik et al., 2021; Botsyun et al., 2020). Quantifying surface elevation of an orogen through geological time is essential for our understanding of the geodynamic drivers, as well as the paleoenvironmental impacts of surface uplift.Here, we present Early to Middle Miocene stable isotope-based paleoelevation reconstructions of the Western, Central, and Eastern Alps. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry (the 𝛿-𝛿 approach) is based on the systematic decrease of oxygen (𝛿18O) and hydrogen (𝛿D) isotopic composition of precipitation with increasing elevation and strongly benefits from contrasting high and low elevation records of past rainfall.Accordingly, contrasting temperature-corrected near sea level pedogenic carbonate 𝛿18O values with time-equivalent 𝛿D values of K-Ar dated clay minerals from fault gouges allows for the calculation of the differential elevation between a foreland basin and an orogen’s interior through time. Recent paleoaltimetry research with focus on the Middle Miocene Central Alps indicates elevations exceeding 4 km (Krsnik et al., 2021).With a spatiotemporally enhanced coverage of the European Alps, we present estimates of paleoelevation covering the time interval between ca. 23 and 12 Ma. In addition, paleoclimate simulations for a number of topographic scenarios allow for the isolation of contribution of local elevation complex climate change, and regional topographic configuration signals (Boateng et al., 2023).Our quantitative stable isotope paleoaltimetry estimates indicate peak elevations of >4km in the Central Alps already during the earliest Miocene (ca. 23 Ma). 𝛿D values from fault gouge-derived illites are up to 25 ‰ higher in the Eastern Alps than in the Central Alps for the time interval between 21-16 Ma and suggest that the Eastern Alps were significantly lower during that time interval. Our results from the Mont Blanc massif are in line with isotopic measurements from fluid inclusions in quartz veins, which highlight the Mont Blanc massif in the Western Alps, did not exceed an average elevation of ca. 1 km until the end of the Miocene (Melis, 2023). Collectively, these results confirm a scenario of west-to-east surface uplift as suggested on the basis of slab-breakoff and tearing.
Effective shear stress threshold on Mars from a global dune flux survey
Authors: Vaz David A. , Chojnacki Matthew , Silvestro Simone
Published: March 2024

Global circulation models (GCMs) can be used to assess sediment transport pathways on Mars surface (e.g. Rubanenko et al., 2023). This requires the knowledge of an effective shear stress threshold that, when used in conjunction with the GCM outputs, allows the prediction of  potential sand fluxes. Flux seasonal variations in Nili Patera were estimated from large ripples’ displacements, allowing Ayoub et al. (2014) to calibrate an effective GCM shear stress threshold. Yet, fluxes derived from ripple migration are not representative of bulk sedimentary fluxes, which can be inferred for instance from dune’s slip face advancements (Chojnacki et al., 2021). In addition, the seasonal impact of ice/frost in the mobility of sand on Mars, which is particularly relevant for polar regions that host the majority of dune fields, remains to be studied. We will report on an ongoing effort that seeks to use dune fluxes derived from long-term HiRISE observations of different sites and a GCM to 1) improve the calibration of a GCM effective shear stress threshold, and 2) estimate an ice thickness threshold needed to prevent sand motion on Mars.    ReferencesAyoub, F., Avouac, J.-P., Newman, C. E., Richardson, M. I., Lucas, A., Leprince, S., & Bridges, N. T. (2014). Threshold for sand mobility on Mars calibrated from seasonal variations of sand flux. Nature Communications, 5, 5096. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6096Chojnacki, M., Vaz, D. A., Silvestro, S., & Silva, D. C. A. (2021). Widespread Megaripple Activity Across the North Polar Ergs of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je006970Rubanenko, L., Gunn, A., Pérez-López, S., Fenton, L. K., Ewing, R. C., Soto, A., & Lapôtre, M. G. A. (2023). Global Surface Winds and Aeolian Sediment Pathways on Mars from the Morphology of Barchan Dunes. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102