bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
0 SETOR ELÉTRICO E SUAS RELAÇÕES. A exportação de serviços pelas empresas do Setor Elétrico
Authors: Motta Sérgio S. G.
Published: November 2020

No presente trabalho a expressão "setor elétrico " deve ser entendida sob sua concepção mais ampla, que engloba as concessionárias de serviços públicos de eletricidade e também as empresas que para elas trabalham, fornecendo serviços e equipamentos. Tal como sucedeu com outros setores importantes do Brasil, o setor elétrico teve como marco inicial de sua dinamização e modernização a p o lítica de substituição de importações encetada pelo Governo Federal na década de 50. No caso particular, a "substituição de importações" não se verificou no âmbito do produto final, uma vez que uma das características da eletricidade reside no fato de que, ao contrário da maioria dos produtos industriais, deve ser consumida à medida que é produzida (ou vice-versa), o que impede seu armazenamento. Desta forma, à exceção de algumas trocas nas regiões fronteiriças, que só agora começam a ganhar importância, a energia elétrica consumida no Brasil sempre foi produzida no próprio país. A substituição fez-se, portanto, no âmbito dos insumos tecnológicos necessários à produção e transporte da energia elétrica: engenharia de projeto e de construção; projeto, fabricação e montagem de equipamentos. Como resultado, o setor elétrico brasileiro teve oportunidade de firmar-se no campo da "substituição de importações "de forma mais ampla e rápida que vários outros setores. Mesmo assim cabe diferenciar a evolução do setor "equipamentos " e do setor "serviços".
PRIMA: Formando agentes multiplicadores em Gerência Pública
Authors: Freire Maria Carolina Vasconcelos das Dores
Published: November 2020

Em convênio com a École Nationale d’ Administration Publique — ENAP Quebec/Canadá, o Centro de Desenvolvimento da Administração Pública — CEDAM — realizou, no mês de maio, o curso Programa Integrado de Gestão — PRIMA. O curso teve como objetivo oferecer uma oportunidade de apoio e de desenvolvimento ao processo de aperfeiçoamento de dirigentes públicos, em conformidade com as diretrizes traçadas pelo Decreto presidencial que instituiu o Sistema de Carreira (Decreto-lei n? 2.403, de 21 de dezembro de 1987). Isso porque, ao formar a primeira turma, a FUNCEP e o CEDAM dão um impulso em direção à valorização do servidor e do aperfeiçoamento da gerência pública no País, mediante a ação multiplicadora que se propagará não somente no nível do governo federal mas, também, nó nível dos governos estaduais e municipais. O PRIMA é um programa flexível e seu enfoque possibilita aos participantes a adaptação da metodologia a diferentes organizações.
Sem intenções paternalistas
Authors: Bomfim José Calheiros
Published: November 2020

A Câmara IV da Comissão Geral da Re forma Administrativa, em esforço concentrado, concluiu, em setembro de 1985, a e laboração do ante projeto do Esta tuto dos Funcionários Públicos Civis d a União, desincumbindo-se, assim, de sua basilar atribuição, ao grupo outorgada pelo Regimento Interno d a Comissão Geral. Todavia, por motivos impertinentes, a proposta formulada pela referida Câmara, da qual tive a honra de exercer, até a apresentação do trabalho ao Sr. Ministro, o encargo de vice-presidente, passou a ser submetida a outros canais de revisão ou “ajuste”, embora estranhos à área reservada à competência do citado IV Grupo.
A cruzada da desburocratização no Brasil do cruzado
Authors: França Célio
Published: November 2020

Poucas ideias, neste País, terão sido tão rápida e unanimemente assimiladas pela sociedade quanto a Desburocratização. Desde sua criação, em 1979, o Programa tornou-se uma reivindicação popular.  A opinião pública tomou como sua a iniciativa de criação tem participado ativamente do processo e reconhecido no Programa um canal importante de acesso e de intervenção junto ao próprio Governo. Aproximou o Governo do Povo.
Algumas reflexões sobre Reforma Administrativa
Authors: Lima Hermano Machado Ferreira
Published: November 2020

O Plano de Reforma da Administração Federal, instituído pelo Governo Sarney, surgiu num contexto especifico da vida brasileira. Após um longo período de governos autoritários, viu-se, a Nação como um todo, diante de uma circunstância de impossibilidade de continuar vivenciando praticas não condizentes com os anseios daqueles que a constituem. Os mais diversificados grupos e camadas sociais não escondiam suas insatisfações diante da condução, dos destinos do Brasil. Do banqueiro ao trabalhador, do político ao intelectual, os números de insatisfeitos aumentava a cada instante.
Desenvolvimento, capacidade e reforma administrativa
Authors: Caiden Gerald E.
Published: November 2020

Desde o início dos anos 50, a modernização administrativa vem sendo cada vez mais reconhecida como parte integra nte do processo de desenvolvimento. A capacidade de assumir novas tarefas, lidar com complexidade, compreender o conflito, solucionar novos problemas, mobilizar recursos, aprender com a experiência e a incerteza e lidar com crises e turbulências depende de uma capacidade administrativa significativamente ampliada, baseada em grande parte em maior profissionalização, burocratização, mecanização e talento administrativo. Como os sistemas administrativos mudam lentamente e de maneira conservadoramente crescente, a reação e a adaptação naturais são inadequadas para se enfrentarem os desafios do desenvolvimento. É necessário algo mais rápido e mais radical: programas organizados de reforma administrativa nos principais setores de desenvolvimento, particularmente nos canais de menor reação, mais entorpecidos, que tolhem o progresso e os esforços de desenvolvimento em outros pontos.
A dimensão sociológica das organizações e empresas
Authors: Viegas Waldyr
Published: November 2020

As organizações são antes de tudo uma rede de relações sociais. Por uma dessas miopias tão frequentes na administração, a visão corrente sobre as organizações ou sobre as empresas sofre sérias deformações que obnubilam a mente dos administradores e obscurecem o processo decisório. Uma delas é a monopolização do subsistema técnico. Tal deformação se manifesta tanto na relutância em se estender a qualificação de empresa para além das organizações dedicadas à produção de bens ou serviços e com fins lucrativos, quanto na propensão dos administradores públicos ou privados de maximizar as funções voltadas diretamente para o objeto formalístico de suas organizações em detrimento dos aspectos sociológicos e administrativos.
Legalidade e Legitimidade da Despesa Pública
Authors: Mattos Osvaldo Alves de
Published: November 2020

A despesa pública tem seu processamento disciplinado em leis, decretos e normas complementares, pontificando a Lei N- 4.320, de 17 de março de 1964, que estatui normas gerais de Direito Financeiro para elaboração e controle dos orçamentos e balanços da União, dos Estados, dos Municípios e do Distrito Federal, como alicerce. Apesar de decorridos mais de 21 anos de vigência, sua sistemática ainda resiste às incursões dos tratadistas da área que lhe têm feito algumas objeções. É verdade que a Lei N- 4.320/64 precisa de reformulação, entretanto, não há como se lhe negar a valiosa contribuição que vem dando ao processo de controle das contas públicas. Os recursos públicos não podem ser aplicados com despotismo. Não basta a vontade do administrador para legitimar a despesa, ainda que ela esteja enquadrada em planos de governo anunciados como plataforma eleitoral.
Por um sistema dos Estados Regionais
Authors: Lins José Jatobá
Published: November 2020

Brasil como país de grande extensão territorial, grande diversificação e diferenciação social, económica, cultural e política, nas suas regiões macros e micros - chegando ao ponto de se falar em “Brasis” - carece de desenvolver seu rico regionalismo, levantando, estudando, identificando e delimitando regiões nas esferas de governos municipais, estaduais e federais, para criar completos Estados Regionais. O corpo institucional da Nova República sob a “democracia participativa”, significará muito pouco sem a descentralização e desconcentração institucional, organizacional, administrativa e da estrutura de poder. Diluir o poder dos governos estaduais, municipais e federal é fundamental para a democratização.
Perigo é Parlamento divorciado do real
Authors: Guedes Armando Marques
Published: November 2020

O título deste Seminário, e aliás está aqui em letras garrafais escritas, “Presidencialismo e Parlamentarismo”, tem por objetivo discutir sobre as duas formas de governo. E todavia, o que tem vindo constantemente a debate é uma terceira forma de governo, o “semipresidencialismo”. Chamo-lhe assim, para usar o nome técnico que lhe é atribuído. E, dissertando sobre ele, necessariamente, apreciaremos tanto presidencialismo quanto parlamentarismo.
O Poder Descentralizado, Sugestão à Constituinte
Authors: Tomelin Mário
Published: November 2020

A existência de um “Poder Descentralizado” exige autonomia política, financeira e administrativa. Este trinômio de gestão descentralizada nasce, inicialmente, do Poder Político, para caracterizar-se, em seguida, na ação administrativa, auxiliado por uma estrutura de poder financeiro. O Estado Federal, no caso brasileiro, deve estatuir, na Constituinte, a regra básica da descentralização, para que a autogeração das forças políticas tenha guarida na estrutura de poder, pela unidade jurídica do sistema federal, interdependente, mas harmônico nos limites de suas competências. A criação de Assembléias Regionais estaria disciplinada no princípio deserito por Georges Burdeau de que “os órgãos descentralizados estatuem em nome da coletividade secundária da qual procedem”.
Proposta de Anteprojeto de Lei
Authors: Nacional Congresso
Published: November 2020

Institui o Sistema de Carreira do Servidor Civil da União, fixa as suas diretrizes, dá outras providências.
Universal Patient Identifier and Interoperability for Detection of Serious Drug Interactions: Retrospective Study
Authors: Sragow Howard Michael , Bidell Eileen , Mager Douglas , Grannis Shaun
Published: November 2020

Background

The United States, unlike other high-income countries, currently has no national unique patient identifier to facilitate health information exchange. Because of security and privacy concerns, Congress, in 1998, prevented the government from promulgating a unique patient identifier. The Health and Human Services funding bill that was enacted in 2019 requires that Health and Human Services report their recommendations on patient identification to Congress. While there are anecdotes of incomplete health care data due to patient misidentification, to date there have been insufficient large-scale analyses measuring improvements to patient care that a unique patient identifier might provide. This lack of measurement has made it difficult for policymakers to balance security and privacy concerns against the value of potential improvements.

Objective

We sought to determine the frequency of serious drug-drug interaction alerts discovered because a pharmacy benefits manager uses a universal patient identifier and estimate undiscovered serious drug-drug interactions because pharmacy benefit managers do not yet fully share patient records.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of serious drug-drug interaction alerts provided from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 to retail pharmacies by a national pharmacy benefit manager that uses a unique patient identifier. We compared each alert to the contributing prescription and determined whether the unique patient identifier was necessary in order to identify the crossover alert. We classified each alert’s disposition as override, abandonment, or replacement. Using the crossover alert rate and sample population size, we inferred a rate of missing serious drug-drug interaction alerts for the United States. We performed logistic regression in order to identify factors correlated with crossover and alert outcomes.

Results

Among a population of 49.7 million patients, 242,646 serious drug-drug interaction alerts occurred in 3 years. Of these, 2388 (1.0%) crossed insurance and were discovered because the pharmacy benefit manager used a unique patient identifier. We estimate that up to 10% of serious drug-drug alerts in the United States go undetected by pharmacy benefit managers because of unexchanged information or pharmacy benefit managers that do not use a unique patient identifier. These information gaps may contribute, annually, to up to 6000 patients in the United States receiving a contraindicated medication.

Conclusions

Comprehensive patient identification across disparate data sources can help protect patients from serious drug-drug interactions. To better safeguard patients, providers should (1) adopt a comprehensive patient identification strategy and (2) share patient prescription history to improve clinical decision support.
Universal Patient Identifier and Interoperability for Detection of Serious Drug Interactions: Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sragow Howard Michael , Bidell Eileen , Mager Douglas , Grannis Shaun
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The United States, unlike other high-income countries, currently has no national unique patient identifier to facilitate health information exchange. Because of security and privacy concerns, Congress, in 1998, prevented the government from promulgating a unique patient identifier. The Health and Human Services funding bill that was enacted in 2019 requires that Health and Human Services report their recommendations on patient identification to Congress. While there are anecdotes of incomplete health care data due to patient misidentification, to date there have been insufficient large-scale analyses measuring improvements to patient care that a unique patient identifier might provide. This lack of measurement has made it difficult for policymakers to balance security and privacy concerns against the value of potential improvements.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine the frequency of serious drug-drug interaction alerts discovered because a pharmacy benefits manager uses a universal patient identifier and estimate undiscovered serious drug-drug interactions because pharmacy benefit managers do not yet fully share patient records.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study of serious drug-drug interaction alerts provided from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 to retail pharmacies by a national pharmacy benefit manager that uses a unique patient identifier. We compared each alert to the contributing prescription and determined whether the unique patient identifier was necessary in order to identify the crossover alert. We classified each alert’s disposition as override, abandonment, or replacement. Using the crossover alert rate and sample population size, we inferred a rate of missing serious drug-drug interaction alerts for the United States. We performed logistic regression in order to identify factors correlated with crossover and alert outcomes.

RESULTS

Among a population of 49.7 million patients, 242,646 serious drug-drug interaction alerts occurred in 3 years. Of these, 2388 (1.0%) crossed insurance and were discovered because the pharmacy benefit manager used a unique patient identifier. We estimate that up to 10% of serious drug-drug alerts in the United States go undetected by pharmacy benefit managers because of unexchanged information or pharmacy benefit managers that do not use a unique patient identifier. These information gaps may contribute, annually, to up to 6000 patients in the United States receiving a contraindicated medication.

CONCLUSIONS

Comprehensive patient identification across disparate data sources can help protect patients from serious drug-drug interactions. To better safeguard patients, providers should (1) adopt a comprehensive patient identification strategy and (2) share patient prescription history to improve clinical decision support.
Live, simulated, virtual clinical work experience widens access to medical careers (Preprint)
Authors: Quinn Lauren , Coldicutt Olivia , Irwin Ciara , Czepulkowski Alex , Nazar Thaaqib , Mayor Nik , Kumar Priyanga , Davies Alexander M , Bailey Elizabeth , Poynton-Smith Emma , Feris Alan , Clatworthy Tracey , Feldano Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has prevented students, who are applying to medical school, from undertaking clinical work experience, despite this being critical for them to gain a realistic insight into medical careers.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the usefulness and benefits of the virtual work experience programme using a pre and post session (unpaired) questionnaire.

METHODS

Medic Mentor, a not-for-profit, social enterprise, launched a live, virtual, simulated clinical work experience programme made freely available to applying medical students aged 14-18 years across the UK. The one-day programme was developed by a clinical team to reflect real-life clinical practice, and was presented as an acutely unwell patient journey, from clerking a patient actor, to senior review, to further investigations and formulating a management plan.

RESULTS

A total of 3900 applying medical students joined the programme and the questionnaire achieved a 68% (n=2670) response rate. Prior to the session, 74% had no clinical work experience, and 82% said it was impossible or difficult to gain work experience in the current climate. Following the session, 97% recommended the programme; over 90% said the session replaced in-person clinical work experience; and 94% felt the programme gave them a realistic insight into NHS healthcare. Furthermore, 98% felt the programme was useful, and importantly, 95% felt the programme gave them sufficient time to reflect on the role of a doctor. We observed increased confidence in the understanding of a multidisciplinary team (21% pre vs 81% post-session, p<0.0001) and the role of medical students in the clinical environment (41% pre vs 86% post-session, p<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

We show that a live-streamed, virtual work experience programme is a highly-rated and accessible alternative for applying medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend virtual work experience is widely implemented to increase access and to support informed decision making about pursuing a medical career, for the doctors of tomorrow.
Foundations to Algebraic Mastery
Authors: Holmes Vicki-Lynn , Finn Jane , Spence Karla
Published: November 2020

Realizing that Algebra 1 is a gatekeeper to not only higher mathematics but STEM careers in general, it is imperative that our students master the content matter. Our Nation’s report card shows we are not progressing in this area. To assist in algebraic mastery, this paper describes and provides concrete examples of four research-based pedagogical elements that can aid in student success: (a) basic skill development, (b) computational ease, (c) step-by-step scaffolding, and (d) the extensive use of the Explain-Practice-Assess (EPA) Strategy. Basic skill development assures that all students begin with the requisite background, providing equal opportunity for success, which can promote student engagement. By eliminating unnecessary computational complexity, students are more likely to participate and persevere in problem-solving. The step-by-step scaffolding meets the students where they are and incrementally brings them to mastery, with new material taught in digestible bites. The EPA strategy provides a mean to move students through a topic at an appropriate pace—not moved too quickly; students are given the time necessary to conceptually understand the concepts taught. The four elements described herein serve as a guide to help Algebra I teachers attain success for all students.
Acceso léxico y escalaridad: una aproximación experimental al acceso de adjetivos fuertes a partir de adjetivos débiles en español
Authors: Gil Carrillo Ittay
Published: November 2020

Recientemente, algunos estudios han puesto en cuestión la hipótesis de uniformidad —que afirma que un conjunto amplio de escalas de Horn da lugar, si la información contextual lo permite, a implicaturas escalares (IE). Estas investigaciones han mostrado que escalas pertenecientes a diversas categorías gramaticales exhiben muy distintas frecuencias de derivación de IE. La idea es que el uso del elemento débil no garantiza la derivación de una IE. Entre algunos de los fenómenos que explican esta fluctuación está la distancia semántica. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el papel de fenómenos léxicos-cognitivos, como el acceso léxico, en la tendencia a la derivación variable. Aquí se presenta un estudio experimental basado en una tarea de decisión léxica a partir del paradigma de primado enmascarado. El objetivo es dilucidar en qué medida el elemento débil de una escala adjetival está relacionado con el elemento fuerte en términos de acceso léxico. Los resultados muestran que para ciertos casos la exposición al elemento débil no siempre activa significativamente al elemento fuerte, lo cual podría afectar la frecuencia de derivación de IE, al menos en el caso de escalas adjetivales en español.
The conception of comprehension in two eye movement tracking models: Just and Carpenter (1980) and Rayner and Pollatsek (1989)
Authors: Shawky Soliman Maha
Published: November 2020

Las investigaciones previas sobre la comprensión del texto escrito se han centrado generalmente en el método de seguimiento de movimientos oculares, puesto que permite dar cuenta de los procesos de lectura y el acceso léxico en tiempo real. Este método tiene como objetivo observar los procesos de comprensión de todo el contenido del texto. La contribución de estos estudios es innegable, a pesar de que el procesamiento visual de las palabras no es una garantía de su comprensión. Por esta razón, en este trabajo se compara cómo se concibe la comprensión en dos modelos de seguimiento de movimiento ocular del procesamiento del lenguaje durante la lectura: el modelo de Just y Carpenter (1980) y el modelo de Rayner y Pollatsek (1989). Ambos modelos ofrecen una interesante visión sobre el término comprensión de texto. Este artículo se centra en las similitudes y diferencias entre modelos y, principalmente, hasta qué punto el término procesamiento podría utilizarse de manera alternativa para referirse a la comprensión.
Performance studies on jumping behaviour in froglets exposed to commercial grade malathion
Authors:   Department of PG Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India, Kulkarni K. , Krishnamurthy S.V. ,   Department of PG Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
Published: November 2020

Aim: Behavioural changes of an organism are used as an indicator to assess the impact of neurotoxic compounds. Jumping performance of newly emerged froglets exposed to malathion at their tadpole stage was studied. Methodology: Tadpole groups were exposed to 1226, 2453 and 6133 µg l-1 malathion in laboratory mesocosms. When they emerged as froglet, their jumping performance was studied. Results: As malathion is an AChE inhibitor and produces negative effect on survival of tadpoles, we anticipated increased malathion exposure could result in reduction of jumping distance in metamorphs. However, as compared to control, the jumping distance increased with malathion concentrations and showed significant increase in the individuals treated with the highest concentration of malathion (LC25; F3,21 = 11.41, p = 0.0001). Interpretation: Malathion is toxic to tadpoles; however, it could result in concentration dependent jumping performance within the tested concentrations. Several other factors like tadpole density, temperature of the media, pesticide tolerance may act as determining factor, which requires further investigations.
Natural occurrence and diagnosis of yellow leaf disease affecting sugarcane genotypes under tropical and sub-tropical conditions in India
Authors:   ICAR – Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Biological Control Centre, Pravaranagar – 413 712, India, Kumar A. , Holkar S.K. ,   ICAR – Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Biological Control Centre, Pravaranagar – 413 712, India, Singh R. ,   Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Campus, Lucknow – 226 028, India, Singh J. ,   Uttar Pradesh Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur – 242 001, India
Published: November 2020

Aim: To diagnose the cause of yellow leaf disease (YLD) and to record its incidence in the 189 sugarcane genotypes planted under tropical (n= 47) and sub-tropical (n= 142) conditions in India during 2016–17 and 2017–18 crop growing seasons. Methodology: The symptomatology, disease incidence and diagnosis of YLD was carried out in all 189 genotypes comprising of 47 tropical and 142 sub-tropical genotypes during 2016–17 and 2017–18 crop growing seasons. Further, all the YLD symptomatic samples were subjected to nested PCR assay for detection of the associated phytoplasma, and to study its distribution in different YLD affected plant parts using universal primers. Results: YLD affected genotypes were characterized by the mild to prominent yellowing of the midribs, extending the yellowing toward leaf lamina followed by leaf-tip drying from top towards the leaf base, bunching at the crown region and subsequently complete drying of the leaves and stunted growth. Of the total 189 genotypes, disease incidence in 142 sub-tropical genotypes during 2016 – 17 and 2017 – 18 crop growing seasons ranged from 1.17% to 65.38% and 7.95% to 67.44%, respectively. Similarly, of the total 47 tropical genotypes, disease incidence was found in 39 genotypes and ranged from 3.89% to 55.58% and 2.38% to 62.96% in 2016-17 and 2017 – 18 crop growing season. All the 95 symptomatic samples from sub-tropical and tropical genotypes were tested by nested PCR assay of which 94 samples showed ~1.2 Kb size amplicons. Interpretation: From the present study, it was concluded, that among the total 189 genotypes, 94 genotypes were found affected due to YLD and presence of phytoplasma in these genotypes were diagnosed. Remaining 95 genotypes which were found apparently healthy would be a good source of resistance and can be further involved for the development of YLD resistant sugarcane progenies in India.
Functional characterization of bacteria isolated from different gut compartments of white grub, Anamola dimidiata, larvae
Authors:   Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India, Msango Soko K.R. , Bhattacharya R.C. ,   ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 012, India, Ramakrishnan B. ,   Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India, Sharma K. ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India, Subramanian S. ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
Published: November 2020

Aim: The aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize cellulolytic, lipolytic and nitrate reductase activities in the bacteria isolated from the gut of white grub, Anamola dimidiata larvae Methodology: Field collected third instar scarab larvae were dissected under aseptic conditions and inoculated on different bacteriological media to isolate gut bacteria. Identification of these isolates was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and comparing with their closest relatives in GenBank. Cellulolytic, lipolytic and nitrate reductase activities were assayed using Carbonmethyl cellulose (CMC), Rhodamine B and nitrate broth media. Results: The majority of culturable bacteria in the gut of A. dimidiata belonged to two phyla: Firmicutes (62.5%) and Proteobacteria (37.5%). Forty aerobic and eleven anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated and tested for cellulolytic, lipolytic and nitrate reductase activity, and twenty seven and thirty one cellulolytic and lipolytic gut bacteria were identified, respectively, with 19 isolates exhibiting both activities whereas ten facultative anaerobic bacteria isolates were positive for nitrate reductase activity. Interpretation: These bacterial isolates may be good sources for profiling novel isolates and enzymes for industrial use besides identifying new solutions for pest control.
Influence of chitinase production on the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma against plant-pathogenic fungi
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Community College, King Khaled University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia, Mazrou Y.S. , Makhlouf A.H. ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Menoufia-32514, Egypt, Hassan M.M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo university, Cairo 12612, Egypt, Baazeem A. ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Hamad A.A. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo university, Cairo 12612, Egypt, Farid M.M. ,   Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh-33516, Egypt
Published: November 2020

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains with high chitinase production against some plant pathogenic fungi. Methodology: A total of twenty-four Trichoderma isolates were extracted from soil samples collected at different geographical locations in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. These isolates were screened for their chitinase production ability using colloidal chitin media. Six isolates with high chitinase ability were identified as T. harzianum by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. These strains were tested for their ability to degrade chitin into N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Finally, the biocontrol activities of these Trichoderma strains against pathogenic fungi were tested by dual culture technique. Results: The maximum activity among the chitinolytic enzymes was 0.051 units ml-1 in Trichoderma strain ABSA19, which showed an activity comparable to the control: pure enzyme, (0.047 units ml-1). The lowest activity (0.014 units ml-1) was found in Trichoderma strain MEG2. In dual culture, Trichoderma strain ABSA19 exerted the highest antagonistic activity in addition to hyphal intertwining and degradation using scanning electron microscopy. Finally, 11 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were used to evaluate the genetic polymorphism among Trichoderma strains, which yielded 133 bands with fragment sizes of 130-3400 bp, 47 (35.3%) of which were polymorphic. Interpretation: The current study confirms the existence of several useful Trichoderma strains with the highest chitinase activity and antagonistic activity against some pathogenic plant fungi that may have a super potential for application in biological control of plant diseases.
"Big digital" bank vs local bank: How to cope with the controversial situations?
Authors: Paoloni Mauro , Mattei Giorgia , Paoloni Niccolo’ , Santolamazza Valentina
Published: November 2020

The Italian banking system has changed profoundly and nowadays banks have to adapt their strategies to attain an adequate level of profitability (Mattei, 2019). Digitalization and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are useful to obtain this result. However, at the same time, they can have a negative impact on the relationship between the bank and the territory, compromising the local economic growth (Caporale, Di Colli, Di Salvo, & Lopez, 2016). The objective of this work is to understand if any strategies could be undertaken to maintain the territorial relationship even when M&A and digitalization have become necessary. The methodology used is an ethnographic exploratory single case study (Yin, 1984). The information collected using semi-structured interviews is interpreted through qualitative inductive content analysis (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008). The interviews suggest that even when M&A and digitalization have a negative impact on the relationship between bank and territory, these two processes, if well-managed, could both improve the bank’s profitability and the contact with the local reality. Therefore, if a strategic management process is defined in advance, it is possible to maintain, or, even gain profitability
NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA -- A SELF LIMITING CONDITION WHICH POSES A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Priyadarshinee Anamika , RAO LAVANYA , REDHU ANJU , JHA KUMARI
Published: November 2020

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a salivary gland disease which is
clinically as well as histologically quite confusing with a malignant
squamous cell carcinoma. Presenting here a case of a male with
Necrotizing sialometaplasia who was anxious because of cancerphobia as
he was a smoker.
PCV2 trigger apoptosis of PK-15 cells through the PLC-IP3R-Ca2+ signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Chen , Sun Panpan , Shi Jianli , Wu Xiaoyan , Liu Chang , Peng Zhe , Han Hong , Xu Shaojian , Yang Ying , Tian Yao , Li JiaXin , He Hong-bin , Li Jun
Published: November 2020

Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme in the cell membrane. PLC
hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to
generateinositol 1,4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) that
regulates a variety of cellular processes. Evidence indicates the
pivotal role of PLC and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3R) in
influencing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).At the same
time, the imbalance of Ca2+ will stimulate endoplasmic reticulum
stress(ERS), leading to cell apoptosis. Viral infection could triggers
host defense through apoptosis of the infected cells.However, it is not
clear how porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) induces apoptosis by
affecting Ca2+ homeostasis. We show here that PCV2 infection induces the
increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ level and apoptosis.We also found that the ER
swelling of PK-15 cells after viral infection by transmission electron
microscopy. Furthemore, the activation of PLC-IP3R-Ca2+ signaling
enhanced apoptosis in infected PK-15 cells. Taken together,our findings
suggest that PCV2 infection trigger ERS of PK-15 cells via the
PLC-IP3R-Ca2+ signaling pathway to promoted the release of intracellular
Ca2+, and led to cell apoptosis.
Honeycomb in the heart : A rare case of hydatid cyst of the inter-ventricular septum
Authors: Singh Avneet , Negi Sunder , Kumar Rupesh , Toshkani Dheemta , Niyogi Subhrashis
Published: November 2020

The hydatid disease of heart, caused by Echinococcus granulosus has an
incidence of 0.5%-2% , in the sheep grazing areas of the developing
and under-developed countries. The cyst of interventricular septum has a
5%-9% incidence with complications of conduction block and arrythmias.
Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is useful for intraoperative cyst
localization and excision. Our image review highlights the TEE findings
of our young patient with multiple hydatid cysts of interventricular
septum , with the septal tricuspid leaflet adherent to the cyst
membrane.
Application of Soft Compiting Techniques in River Flow Modeling in The Case of Euphrates-Tigres Basin
Authors: DALKILIC Hüseyin , SAMUI Pijush , YEŞİLYURT SEFA
Published: November 2020

River stream estimation is a subject matter that needs constant research
and development since it is all-important in the management of water
resources, meeting the water demand, irrigation and agricultural
activities, and providing distant signal in unwanted situations such as
floods. Unfortunately, a universal technique has not been found yet
although many techniques have been used for estimation and modelling.
This has made it necessary to develop different techniques and/ or to
make comparisons between techniques and to determine the most accurate
method for the parameters used. In this study, using the 1981-2010 flow
data of 14 stations located across Euphrates-Tigris basin, evaluations
have been made through Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems
(ANFIS), Support Vector Regression (SVR-SVMR) techniques, and the newly
used Gauss Process Regression (GPR), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and
Emotional Neural Network (ENN) artificial intelligence techniques, and
through rank analysis, it is aimed to find out which technique gives
better results and to overcome some problems in traditional methods.
Although all models work well, the sequence with regards to the
comparison outcomes of the techniques obtained from rank analysis was
observed to be ELM, GPR, ENN, SVM, ANFIS respectively. In addition,
stream values were used in the whole study, these values were examined
within 3 different combinations and it was observed that the best result
was found in the combination of
[input]Q(t-3),Q(t-2),Q(t-1)/[output]Q(t). Keywords: River Flow
Modelling; ANFIS; SVM; GPR; ELM; ENN
Effect of preoperative hospitalization period on post-operative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing hip surgery under regional anesthesia
Authors: HORSANALI Burcu OZALP , OZKALKANLI Murat , TEKGUL Zeki , YILMAZ Fulya
Published: November 2020

Objective: The main objective of this prospective and observational
study is to investigate the effect of preoperative hospitalization
period on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) development
in patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery under regional
anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Between November 2013 to September
2014, 64 patients were enrolled the study. Test scores were obtained on
the initial admission day (MMT1), 24 hours prior to surgery (MMT2) and
24 hours after the surgery (MMT3). Patients were divided into two groups
according to MMT scores as “no cognitive dysfunction” (Group 1) and
“cognitive dysfunction” (Group 2). Differences between groups were
evaluated statistically. Statistical significance level was set as
p<0.05 in a 95% confidential interval. Results: POCD
incidence rate was calculated as 43.8% in all patients. Preoperative
hospitalization duration was significantly higher in patients with POCD
when compared to patients without POCD (p<0,001). The factors
which affect POCD development were found to be advanced age
(p<0,001), high ASA scores (p=0,004), presence of comorbid
disease (p=0,025), duration of operation (p=0,018) and decreased
postoperative hematocrit levels (p=0,014). Conclusion: In this study, we
observed patients with early POCD had a relatively longer pre-operative
hospitalization period when compared to patients without POCD. We
consider that the prolonged preoperative hospitalization periods may
contribute to increased POCD incidence rates in patients with risk
factors.
Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
Authors: Parvinroo Shirin , Eslami Maede , Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah , Hesari Zahra
Published: November 2020

Background/Aim. Vinegar is one of the main international traditional nutraceuticals, and it has been used as a vaginal health protectant due to vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main form of vinegar is liquid, it is difficult to apply vaginally due to its short retention. The aim of this study was to design a vaginal mucoadhesive gel made of vinegar. Methods. Xanthan gum and tragacanth were utilized as natural gel-forming polymers. The effects of xanthan gum and tragacanth on mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical properties of the gel formulations, including gel viscosity, lubricity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and chain release kinetic, were also investigated. Results. It was found that tragacanth possessed a statistically significant effect on release rate control (p-value = 0.0027), while both tragacanth and xanthan gum had a significant effect (p-value = 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property. Formulation F7 with 5% xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and re-lease rate = 88.8% in 6 hours) considered as the optimum formulation with some modifications. Conclusion. Xanthan gum and tragacanth can be considered as appropriate natural polymers for vaginal drug delivery.
Rolling Resistance of a Nonpneumatic Tire Having a Porous Elastomer Composite Shear Band
Authors: Ju Jaehyung , Veeramurthy Mallikarjun , Summers Joshua D. , Thompson Lonny
Published: November 2020

The shear band is the critical component of a nonpneumatic tire (NPT) when determining the rolling resistance resulting from the elastomer's shear friction. In an effort to reduce the rolling resistance of an NPT, a shear band made of a porous, fiber-reinforced elastomer is explored. The porous shear band is designed to have the same effective shear modulus as the shear modulus of a continuous shear band. The originality of the study in this article is in the design of a flexible, porous solid for fuel efficiency of a tire structure by including a low viscoelastic energy loss material—a carbon fiber that partially replaces the volume of high viscoelastic energy loss material—polyurethane. To make the NPT structure remain flexible, porous volumes were included. Finite element (FE)–based numerical experiments with ABAQUS were conducted to quantify the reduced energy loss of an NPT using hyperelastic and viscoelastic material models. Load carrying capacity of the NPT with the designed porous shear band is also discussed.
Microtexture Road Profiling System Using Photometric Stereo
Authors: Li Boren , Furukawa Tomonari
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the design and development of a stationary microtexture road profiling system using the photometric stereo (PS) technique. The structure of the developed system is simple, mainly consisting of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with a macro lens and multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The camera with the lens is oriented perpendicularly to the pavement texture and takes images each with a different LED turned on at a time. With the pavement texture images with diverse shadings, the PS technique is applied by inverting the image-forming process locally (pixel-wise) to associate the measured image intensities with the known lighting directions to estimate the gradients for each pixel-corresponding surface patch of the pavement texture. Surface normal integration (SNI) is then employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) road surface in the microtexture scale. The PS-based system has several intrinsic advantages. First, it could achieve high accuracy for surfaces with most diffuse reflection. Second, the measurement speed is fast because of its area-scanning nature. Third, the spatial resolution is high because of the usage of a high-resolution complementary metal-oxide semiconductor DSLR camera. In addition, it can be less sensitive to effects from specularities and shadows compared with most optical-based methods, since images captured under diverse lighting directions in PS provide more cues for detection purposes. Last but not least, the hardware of the system can be made compact at low cost because of its simple structure and can be adapted for direct measurement on the pavement. Parametric studies for the Lambertian-based PS technique were first investigated analytically and numerically, and these investigations yielded the design of the system having eight LEDs with the same zenith angle of 30 degrees and uniformly distributed azimuth angles in 360 degrees. Several experimental results on various types of surfaces have demonstrated that the developed system could achieve the accuracy in the order of 10 microns.
PARTICIPATION OF LEADERS AND COMMUNITY IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA TO REDUCE LANDFILL WASTE LOAD
Authors: Rachman Indriyani , Soesanto Qiyam Maulana Binu , Khair Hafizhul , Matsumoto Toru
Published: November 2020

The increase in population and changes in community consumption patterns are one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste. Therefore, changes are needed to manage waste so that the accumulation of waste can be handled properly. Government cooperation is considered important in solving problems. The volume of waste from its source has to be reduced. Therefore, it is important to empower the community in managing waste. This study compares the community participation in 3 villages in managing waste in their respective housing areas and waste management managed by the City Sanitation Department. Waste management in 3 locations became areas that can reduce the amount of waste going to the landfill. The data collection methods include interviews, observation and documentation, while data analysis uses descriptive qualitative techniques. Based on the results of the study, one form of leader and community participation in environmental improvement efforts is by participating in managing waste, participating in 3R workshops and giving labor contributions in the form of community service.
Self-report on the occurrence of insomnia and the habit of taking multivitamins against academic stress among students in the early period of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prasetyaningtyas Wahyu Eka , Nasri Wa Ode Lili Andriani , Amalianita Berru
Published: November 2020

This study intends to determine the occurrence of insomnia and the habit of taking multivitamins against learning stress among students during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were obtained in two times from 308 students in East Jakarta, Indonesia, applying a descriptive quantitative approach through the Rasch Model and inferential statistics via the Bayesian Anova. The result showed that the use of multivitamins and the existence of insomnia have been proved to be linked to the incident of stress among students during the early periods of the pandemic. Although the use of multivitamins is helpful to minimize stress, students consuming this commodity are likely to experience by stress up to 40 times higher than those that experience in insomnia. This condition becomes higher assuming the students, in addition to having insomnia, are also not accustomed to receiving multivitamins. The implications of this study, including considerations for better investigation of this issue, have been discussed and concluded.
Dampak Boyband EXO Style Bagi komunitas EXO-L Sumbar
Authors: Moneta Elwa , Fitriani Erda
Published: November 2020

Penelitianaini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dampak Boyband EXO Style bagi komunitas EXO-L Sumbar di Kota Padang. Temuan penelitian dianalisis denganamenggunakanateori Imitasi yang dikembangkan oleh Gabriel Tarde. Penelitian ini menggunakannpendekatannkualitatiffdengan tipe penelitian studiikasus. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dampak Boyband EXO style bagi Komunitas EXO-L Sumbar diantaranya (1) anggota komunitas mengikuti style Idol K pop, mulai dari cara berpakaian hingga make-up (2) berbahasa (Korea, Jepang, China dan Inggris) menjadi lancar karena anggota Komunitas EXO-L Sumbar menyukai lagu-lagu Boyband EXO (3) mengembangkan Hobi bernyanyi dan dance dengan musik-musik Boyband EXO (4) perilaku Konsumtif, membeli barang-barang yang berkaitan dengan Boyband EXO, (5) anggota meniru cara hormat orang korea serta rasa sensitif terhadap berita Boyband EXO. (6) kurang disiplin, lupa dengan waktu dan lupa untuk melakukan yang harus dilakukan karena menaruh perhatian lebih kepada Boyband EXO.