bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's Not a Rule: A Better Way to Understand the Definition of Income
Authors: Abreu Alice G. , Greenstein Richard K.
Published: May 2022

In a recent article, Professor Douglas Kahn explores a particular dissonance between the positive and very broad definition of income that includes all realized accessions to wealth, and what the government can, and actually does attempt to tax. At the beginning of his article, Professor Kahn summarizes the problem he seeks to resolve:"When cash is received for services, it typically will constitute gross income to the recipient. But what if the payments are made in a noncommercial setting such as the payment by a parent to a child for mowing the lawn or performing household chores? As discussed later in this Essay, there are reasons to conclude that such payments do not constitute income. The problem of how to treat receipts from a noncommercial activity frequently arises in the context of an exchange of services. A similar problem arises when services are provided by several persons pursuant to a pooling of labor to accomplish a common noncommercial goal."Professor Kahn then offers two limiting principles, which he posits operate as exclusions, thus eradicating the gap. Specifically, he suggests that the apparent dissonance vanishes if we understand that ―the income tax operates only on commercial transactions‖3 and, as a corollary, that ―joint efforts should not be treated as an exchange of services but rather as a jointly conducted activity,‖4 which does not produce income ―[w]hen the common goal has no business connection.‖5 For Professor Kahn, these two principles explain why a number of items that would seem to come within the broad positive definition of income are not in fact subject to tax despite the absence of a statutory exclusion. We will refer to these principles collectively as the "commercial/noncommercial distinction" or the "commercial/ noncommercial rule."
TEOLOGIA NEGRA E CRISTIANISMO DECOLONIAL
Authors: Caldeira Cleusa
Published: May 2022

Desde o século XV, o racismo anti-negro segue se projetando violentamente sobre o corpo negro. Razão pela qual, a questão do perdão, do ressentimento, da reconciliação são pontos nevrálgicos para o pensamento negro. Em geral a razão branca e eurocentrada fala do perdão e da reconciliação em termos de ajustamento, sem levar em consideração o colonialismo como principal fratura histórica na intersubjetividade que expulsou o negro da relação dialética em vista da dominação política-econômica. Entretanto, sabemos que o advento da nova humanidade, isto é, o estágio harmonioso do mútuo reconhecimento, não pode chegar se não por meio da superação do ódio, do ressentimento e do perdão. Um engano, contudo, é pensar que esse estágio pode advir sem a justiça para as vítimas e o arrependimento dos verdugos, que para o negro implica a desalienação, a modo fanoniano, que restaure às condições em que o amor possa emergir. Neste horizonte, nos propomos a seguir pensando o perdão, não nos moldes dogmáticos e intimista, mas como um estágio da subjetividade radicalmente aberta a outrem e na gratuidade, para além da dialética, a saber: per-dón. Pretende-se, pois, seguir pensando na ontologia relacional como única saída possível para a nossa comum humanização.
CONDENAÇÃO OU INDULGÊNCIA ÀS FILHAS DE EVA?
Authors: Merlini Isabelle
Published: May 2022

Plenitude. O termo muitas vezes utilizado para designar a característica primordial da criação do primeiro homem, a partir do mito da cosmogonia cristã, não pode ser igualmente atribuído à sua correspondente, a mulher. De fato, a teologia cristã - representada fundamentalmente pela patrística - esforçou-se por mantê-la sempre em segundo lugar, submissa e silenciada, por toda a história do Ocidente. Contudo, a partir dos movimentos em prol dos direitos das mulheres, a estrutura social derivada do mito de Adão e Eva passa a ser revista e reinterpretada à luz do desejo pela equidade. É diante desse cenário que Edith Stein (1891-1942), uma das primeiras doutoras em Filosofia da Alemanha, reescreve a interpretação de Eva, fundando uma nova linha argumentativa acerca da natureza feminina. A carmelita ultrapassa a teologia dos primeiros padres ao desfazer a imanência da natureza, inserindo a variável do tempo à definição da natureza dos gêneros. Ater o olhar à obra de Stein pode revelar novas vias teológicas para atualizar a discussão diante das questões da contemporaneidade. Seria o suficiente, contudo, para recomeçar a história das mulheres na teologia?
MULHERES NEGRAS E RESILIÊNCIA
Authors: Mariosa Gilmara Santos , Lages Sônia Maria Corrêa
Published: May 2022

As mulheres negras experienciam, cotidianamente, situações de opressão, seja pelo preconceito e discriminação racial, seja pelo de gênero, o que as coloca em constante conflito e sofrimento psíquico. Diante disto, este ensaio pretende refletir sobre a possibilidade de as religiosidades afro-brasileiras, em destaque, o candomblé, se constituírem como um território promotor de saúde mental, uma vez que oferecem um repertório simbólico importante para a promoção de comportamentos resilientes diante das adversidades. Serão analisadas três narrativas míticas sobre a orixá Oxum, divindade dos rios e das cachoeiras, compreendendo-as como potenciadoras de capacidades e qualidades, que podem produzir novos sentidos e ações de resistência.
O CONCEITO DE ṚṆA (DÍVIDA) NO HINDUÍSMO
Authors: Loundo Dilip
Published: May 2022

São bem conhecidas, no contexto dos estudos indológicos, as críticas do orientalista alemão Paul Hacker às interpretações ético-morais da ontologia não-dual (advaita) da escola Vedānta, apresentada ao Ocidente pelo monge hindu Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902). É objeto deste artigo evidenciar, através de referências às textualidades fundacionais do Hinduísmo, a compatibilidade intrínseca e inevitável entre a ontologia da não-dualidade e a plataforma ético-moral que informa as tradições do hinduísmo, em geral. Nesse sentido, o artigo analisa, em detalhe, a chamada “doutrina das três dívidas” que envolve, no contexto da terminologia ocidental, uma ética normativa polissêmica e a uma meta-ética. Com isso, fica, igualmente, evidente, a inadequação da expressão derrogatória “Neo-Vedānta”, atribuída por Paul Hacker à hermenêutica da escola Vedānta de Swami Vivekananda.
SEM RELIGIÃO
Authors: Senra Flávio
Published: May 2022

não se aplica
A TRADIÇÃO APOFÁTICA
Authors: Gonçalves Werbert Cirilo
Published: May 2022

E

Este artigo apresenta o tema do apofatismo. Na teologia, ele se apresenta como “teologia negativa” ou como renúncia (aphaíresis) à materialização de Deus em formulações conceituais, preferindo assim uma “teologia simbólica” que “celebra” o Sagrado com imagens ou ícones. Já na filosofia, aparece relacionado ao discurso negativo sobre o Ser ou ao Uno-bem; e, também, como crítica à teologia cristã por ter transformado Deus num ídolo noético, construído com argumentos metafísicos (ontoteológicos) e fixado em linguagem logocêntrica. E, no misticismo, o apofatismo entende a superioridade do “Mistério” - que é experienciado na mística - reconhecendo a sua “inefabilidade” e o seu “anonimato”, bem como a sua “niilidade”. Entre os nossos referenciais teóricos se destacam: Deirdre Carabine, Cristos Yannaras, Jean Luc-Marion e Vladimir Lossky. O resultado final é a concepção da existência de uma tradição apofática no cristianismo que tem a sua originalidade no “discurso negativo” dos filósofos da Grécia antiga, sua configuração em “teologia negativa” e na “mística de trevas” a partir da Patrística e como crítica às concepções ontológicas de Deus na modernidade e na contemporaneidade.
Grundlagen der Systembildung im Agrarrecht
Authors: Martínez José , Holzer Gottfried , Norer Roland
Published: May 2022

In the compilation volume "Foundations of System Formation in Agricultural Law", the dogmatic deficit of an incomplete elaboration of the principles of agricultural law that has existed up to now is addressed and this gap is filled. The theoretical findings and their verification are discussed based on the legal systems of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The elaboration of these structural principles of agricultural law should help the legislator, the administration and the judiciary to develop a coherent system of agricultural law. The contributions consider the legal situation as of 1 November 2021 (with a view to the CAP reform coming into force on 1 January 2023).
What are the most typical leaf mines of Nepticulidae? Identified diagnostic characters and their detection frequency
Authors: R. Stonis Jonas , Diškus Arūnas , Dobrynina Viktorija
Published: May 2022

This study identifies major diagnostic morphological and some biological characters of leaf mines of Nepticulidae and provides a pictorial guide to the morphological characters with detection frequencies for each character. Drawing on detection frequencies, it establishes that the most typical leaf mine of Nepticulidae belongs to one of the two morphological types of (1) serpentine, gradually slightly widening and (2) serpentine, strongly widening, and that it can be characterised by black or brownish black frass accumulated in a solid line or band with wide clear margins of the gallery. Such a typical leaf mine is sinuous or contorted and, as a rule, found on Rosaceae or Betulaceae; the feeding larva is yellow.
Assessment of microbial contamination of sandboxes and toys left in sand
Authors: Aleksandravičienė Asta , Mažeikaitė Monika , Vaičiulevičienė Albina , Maželienė Žaneta , Viliušienė Ingrida , Griciuvienė Loreta , Šakienė Daiva
Published: May 2022

Sand is one of children’s favourite playing objects, thus sandboxes can be found in almost every playground next to apartment buildings. However, sand is also an excellent medium for the proliferation of microorganisms due to its favourable organic matter content, relative humidity, and pH. Therefore, children playing in sandboxes where toys have been left behind are at risk of becoming infected with microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. The main infectious pathogens Esheriahia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. were analysed in the sandboxes of children’s playgrounds set up in the yards of apartment buildings. The test material came from the surfaces of the toys left in the sand, the edges of the sandboxes, and sand samples collected in autumn and winter. Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli were detected in the samples from the edges of sandboxes and surfaces of sand-covered toys and surfaces collected in autumn. S. aureus (on the surface of the toys left in sand) and E. coli were detected in the samples collected from the surfaces of toys and sandboxes in winter. During the study, no infectious agents were detected in the sand samples.
The resistive region of pulmonary microvessels in ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs: a quantitative and qualitative histological study
Authors: Popko Svitlana , Yevtushenko Valentina , Kaplaushenko Andriy , Tertishniy Serhiy
Published: May 2022

This work aimed to study the morphofunctional changes in the resistive region of the pulmonary microcirculatory bed in ovalbumin- sensitised guinea pigs. Using histological, morphometric, and statistical methods, we studied the lungs of 48 male guinea pigs in conditions of the experimental allergic inflammatory process. To assess the structural and functional state of medium (51– 125 μm) and small (25–50 μm) arterioles, the outer and inner diameters, the thickness of the tunica media, and the Kernogan index were determined. The most pronounced changes, such as thickening of their walls and narrowing of the lumen in the late stages of the allergic inflammatory process, consisted in the restructuring of medium arterioles. Compared to control animals, the inner diameter of the medium arterioles decreased three times (p*/**<0.05) in experimental group 4; the thickness of the tunica media of medium arterioles increased two times (p*/**<0.05) in experimental group 3. These changes are the result of the increasing tone and hypertrophy of the smooth muscles of the tunica media and the decreasing capacity of arterioles as evidenced by a statistically significant increase of the Kernogan index-indicated hypertrophy and the increasing tone of the smooth muscles of the tunica media and decreasing vascular throughput.
The comparative study of redox properties of recombinant human cytosolic and mitochondrial NADPH: thioredoxin reductases
Authors: Misevičienė Lina , Krikštopaitis Kastis , Čėnas Narimantas
Published: May 2022

We compared the redox properties of recombinant cytosolic (TrxR1) and mitochondrial (TrxR2) isoforms of human flavosulfoselenoenzyme NADPH:thioredoxin reductase. The standard redox potentials of isoenzymes (E0 7), determined according to the redox equilibrium with the NADP+/NADPH couple, were equal to –0.295 V (TrxR1) and –0.270 V (TrxR2). The more positive value of E0 7 of TrxR2 may be attributed to the presence of His-125 at the vicinity of catalytic disulfide and selenylsulfide, instead of Tyr-116 in TrxR1. The reactivity of several quinones and nitroaromatic compounds towards TrxR1 and TrxR2 increased with their single-electron reduction potential (E1 7). For the first time, we studied the TrxR1-catalysed reduction of a series of aromatic N-oxides which were reduced in a mixed single- and two-electron way. Their reactivity was close to that of quinones and nitroaromatics with the similar values of E1 7.
Curing of epoxy resins by bio-based phenalkamines vs low-molecular-weight amines: study by DSC
Authors: Jonikaitė-Švėgždienė Jūratė , Pastarnokienė Liepa , Juknevičiūtė Virginija , Makuška Ričardas
Published: May 2022

In this study, curing of BPA-based epoxy resins Araldite®GY-2600 and Araldite®GY-240 by low-molecular-weight amines EDA, TETA and Jeffamine D-230, and bio-based phenalkamines Cardolite®NX-6019, Cardolite®Lite-2002 and Cardolite®GX-6004 was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology measurements. DSC provided quantitative information on the overall reaction kinetics (the enthalpy of curing reaction, ΔHR; cure degree, α; curing reaction rate, dα/dt) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured product. It was demonstrated that the DSC curing of epoxy resins by phenalkamines started at lower temperature, and the curing rates were slightly lower compared to those cured by low-molecular-weight amine hardeners. The enthalpy of the curing by phenalkamines was lower, especially in the case of more viscous epoxy resin GY-2600. Tg of the cured epoxy resins varied from 50 to 98°C and was slightly lower when cured with cardanol-based phenalkamines. The results demonstrate that curing of epoxy resins by bio-based phenalkamines proceeds in a similar temperature interval like using low-molecular-weight amines as hardeners but with less exothermic effect, which could be an advantage.
Survivorship Care Challenges: Navigating Changing Concerns
Authors: Tompkins Stricker, PhD, RN, ANP-BC Carrie
Published: May 2022

Advanced practitioners are often in charge of planning and implementing care for cancer survivors, as noted by Carrie Tompkins Stricker, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, during JADPRO Live Virtual 2021. During a session at the conference, Dr. Stricker reviewed quality measures, best practices, and exciting innovations to draw on to improve survivorship care delivery.
2020–2021 Drug Updates in Solid Tumors
Authors: Cambareri, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, CSP Christine
Published: May 2022

During JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, Christine Cambareri, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, CSP, briefed advanced practitioners on drugs and biologics that were approved for the treatment of solid tumors from late 2020 to late 2021, including their adverse event profiles. The trend of more oral dosage forms and the significant number of checkpoint inhibitors approved points towards changing treatment paradigms in the field.
Multidisciplinary Management of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cinar, MD, MS Pelin , Zendejas, MSN, ANP-C, AOCNP Patricia
Published: May 2022

At JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, presenters reviewed the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer, treatment options for patients with different stages of pancreatic cancer, and the most common symptoms and complications related to pancreatic cancer and their management in a collaborative practice model.
Updates in the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: S. Hanna, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP Kirollos , D. Lim, PA-C Zita
Published: May 2022

At JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, advanced practitioner experts reviewed clinical updates in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, key patient counseling and monitoring considerations, and best practices to manage adverse events associated with therapies for renal cell carcinoma.
The 4 T’s of ITP: Tailoring Therapies to Treat Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Hughes, PharmD, BCOP David
Published: May 2022

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by the destruction of platelets and megakaryocytes. Its management has changed significantly in recent years, and at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, David Hughes, PharmD, BCOP, reviewed the background and pathophysiology of ITP and clinical practice guidelines with an emphasis on patient preference when selecting first and subsequent lines of therapies in the chronic ITP setting.
The Advanced Practice Role in Clinical Trials: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Lewis, MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP Colleen
Published: May 2022

At JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, Colleen Lewis, MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP®, discussed the trajectory of the advanced practitioner role in clinical research, including the historical experience, potential barriers to practice, and future possibilities to advance patient care and maximize the role of the advanced practitioner in research.
Race, Social Determinants of Health, and Cancer: How Can APs Address and Improve Patient Outcomes?
Authors: DiMarco, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP Rose , Milli, MSN, RN, WHNP-BC Lisania
Published: May 2022

The data show that racial and ethnic minority groups throughout the United States experience higher rates of illness and death across a wide range of health conditions when compared to their White counterparts. This session at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021 explained race, social determinants of health, and the impact of health disparities on oncology patients, highlighting concrete ways advanced practitioners can reduce health disparities and improve patient outcomes.
Author's stucco decor in Khabarovsk
Authors: Bazilevich Evgenii Mikhailovich
Published: May 2022

The subject of this article is the stucco decoration on the facade of the administrative building of the Art Foundation in Khabarovsk. The description and compositional analysis of the relief decorations of the facade of the building are presented. Sketches, drawings, photographs from the archive of the artist Genendlis M.A. are published, which allowed to establish the authorship of the studied decoration of the building and the time of its creation. In Khabarovsk, a number of pre-revolutionary buildings and many buildings built in the 1930s -1950s, the so-called "Stalinist style", are decorated with stucco decor. Mainly these are stucco plant garlands with festoons, traditional rosettes, sometimes with Soviet symbols, made on the basis of albums of standard samples. A sample of the author's stucco decoration on the facade of the administrative building of the Khabarovsk branch of the Art Fund is a unique object of urban architectural heritage, an example of a decorative work designed for a specific architectural object. The reliefs placed on the facade gave the building its originality and became artistic accents in the surrounding urban environment. The name of the author of the reliefs was forgotten during the seven decades that have passed since their creation in the late 1950s, but thanks to the study of archival materials, the author was identified - the decorator and sculptor M. A. Genendlis, who worked for a long time in Khabarovsk in the field of theatrical and decorative art, sculpture and the creation of architectural decor.
Feel Like a Gringo: Transnational Consciousness in Los Angeles Punk Rock Songs
Authors: Welizarowicz Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

The essay analyzes four songs from the catalogue of the Los Angeles punk rock scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s. It is argued that the songs, written in response to the reality of the life in Los Angeles and in the Mexican-American borderlands, are expressive of transnational consciousness. Interpreted in this way, the songs are revealed as embodying the processes of distancing and then readjusting of oneself in relation to the dominant narrative of the US Nation and hence embody the idea of cosmopolitanization. The first two songs are by Chicano artists and express transnational anxieties as they are experienced by the artists and their communities within the U.S. The other two songs were selected because they record tiny personal impressions by white artists who, once they cross the border into Mexico, are faced with a nexus of transnational processes, which confront their certainties and affect their consciousness. The analysis makes use of the theory of affects (Tomkins), the theory of cosmopolitanism (Beck), as well as a selection of historical analyses and personal accounts by the artists.
Emigração e política: análise aos programas eleitorais e iniciativas legislativas, 2011 a 2019
Authors: Vidigal Inês , Moura Veiga Carlota
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as diferenças no comportamento do estado português com os seus residentes no estrangeiro em contextos emigratórios e económicos díspares, realizando-se uma análise dos programas eleitorais nas eleições legislativas de 2011 e 2015 e das iniciativas legislativas apresentadas na XII e XIII Legislaturas. Como conclusões mais importantes, verificou-se que contextos migratórios díspares influenciam de forma substancial a ação política, enquanto contextos económicos distintos parecem influenciar mais a emigração do que os mecanismos utilizados pelo estado para se vincular às suas comunidades no exterior.
Educação e classes sociais em Portugal: continuidades e mutações no século XXI
Authors: Abrantes Pedro
Published: May 2022

A relação entre educação e estrutura de classes esteve no âmago do projeto sociológico, desde a sua génese. O objetivo deste artigo é retomar algumas das suas principais teorias e resultados, à luz das transformações que têm atravessado a sociedade portuguesa ao longo das últimas décadas. Essas mudanças têm sido tão profundas que, por vezes, se tem colocado em causa o próprio potencial heurístico do conceito de classe social ou, pelo menos, a sua relação com a escolaridade. Este artigo serve, portanto, para clarificar a importância desta relação, bem como explorar variações recentes na sua configuração. Após uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional, apresenta-se e discute-se um conjunto de dados empíricos, resultantes do European Social Survey, comparando os resultados de 2002 e 2018.
Heterogeneity of the GFP fitness landscape and data-driven protein design
Authors: Gonzalez Somermeyer Louisa , Fleiss Aubin , Mishin Alexander S , Bozhanova Nina G , Igolkina Anna A , Meiler Jens , Alaball Pujol Maria-Elisenda , Putintseva Ekaterina V , Sarkisyan Karen S , Kondrashov Fyodor A
Published: May 2022

Studies of protein fitness landscapes reveal biophysical constraints guiding protein evolution and empower prediction of functional proteins. However, generalisation of these findings is limited due to scarceness of systematic data on fitness landscapes of proteins with a defined evolutionary relationship. We characterized the fitness peaks of four orthologous fluorescent proteins with a broad range of sequence divergence. While two of the four studied fitness peaks were sharp, the other two were considerably flatter, being almost entirely free of epistatic interactions. Mutationally robust proteins, characterized by a flat fitness peak, were not optimal templates for machine-learning-driven protein design – instead, predictions were more accurate for fragile proteins with epistatic landscapes. Our work paves insights for practical application of fitness landscape heterogeneity in protein engineering.
Book review of: International Trends in Participatory Budgeting: Between Trivial Pursuits and Best Practices
Authors: Gašparík Jozef
Published: May 2022

Book review of: De Vries, M. S., Nemec, J. and Špaček, D. (2022). International Trends in ParticipatoryBudgeting: Between Trivial Pursuits and Best Practices. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-79929-8.
Development of CBT Integrated E-Module to Improve Student Literacy HOTS
Authors: Musa Panggabean Freddy Tua , Silitonga Pasar Maulim , Sinaga Marudut
Published: May 2022

Generations in the 21st century must be prepared to have HOTS literacy competencies and skills. The application of HOTS literacy in the learning process makes students more resilient and able to solve their own problems. This study aims to develop an integrated CBT e-module to improve student literacy HOTS. The resulting e-module has met the valid criteria and has proven to be effective in increasing student literacy HOTS. Student responses to the resulting e-modules are also very positive because the e-modules are designed using the Kvisof Flipbook Maker application which can be opened on laptops, computers or Android devices so that material can be repeated anytime and anywhere as well as HOTS materials and questions. compiled based on CBT to train and improve student literacy HOTS.
Survey on Sanitizing Drones
Authors: V Sangeetha , R Megha , S Anagha , Ananth Ananya , S C Ashritha
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered common social and economic patterns. With the clear need to sanitize and disinfect. The drone can effectively disinfect areas without human intervention with remote monitoring. The Quadcopter is Remote controlled which enables remote monitoring to disinfect the required areas. The Quadcopter is designed in such a way that it can carry the required payload up to 12 feet and disinfect the areas without human intervention.
Influence of CRP on Antibiotics Prescription Pattern for Dental Infections: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: George Ann Mary , Mayya Anoop , Mayya Arun , Xuan Chai Bin , Velappan Dhanya Laxhmi A/P , Selvan Sharvina A/P Tamil , Jalal Razanah Binti Mohd
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Over the years, antibiotic prescription rates have increased dramatically for the treatment of dentoalveolar infections. A byproduct of this indiscriminate antibiotic prescription by dentists is the antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistant infections are a severe global health problem, putting the capacity to treat common diseases and perform complex medical procedures at risk. Aim: To compare the amount of antibiotics prescribed for dental infections with and without analysing C-reactive Protein (CRP) value. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM) dental clinic between October 2020 to March 2021 to record the antibiotic prescription by dentists. The study was divided into two phases where phase I had 28 subjects and phase II had 21 subjects and permission from institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained for the study. The study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of C-reactive protein (CRP) to reduce antibiotic prescriptions in MUCM Dental Clinic. Data was summarised by computing frequency and percentages. The antibiotic prescription rate during phase I (n=28) (conventional method or routine pattern of prescribing antibiotics was done) and phase II (n=21) (CRP rapid test was done and the decision whether to prescribe antibiotics or not was done accordingly) was compared. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software program (SPSS), version 15.0 (South Asia, Bangalore) and compared applying the Chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of the presence of medical condition (p=0.201) and distribution of clinical features (p=0.804) of subjects included in phase I and phase II. The antibiotics prescription rate reduced significantly from 89.3% in phase I to 52.4% in phase II (p=0.0014), indicating that CRP rapid test helps in reducing antibiotics prescription. Conclusion: The CRP rapid test aid in lowering antibiotic prescription in dental clinic settings. This may be useful to combat antibiotic resistance in general.
Factors Influencing Parents’ Decision to Select Primary School in Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Vindula H. R. A. S. , Madhuwanthi L. A. Pavithra
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aims to examine the factors influencing parents’ decision to select a primary school in the Colombo district in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the study particularly examines the household characteristics and school characteristics influencing parents' decision to select a primary school in the Colombo district.

Methodology:  This is a quantitative study that employed a sample of 146 parents in the Colombo district. Half of the respondents have been chosen from public schools whilst the other half were from private schools in the Colombo district. A self-administered survey questionnaire was distributed to collect data and the logistic regression method was used for data analysis.

Results: According to the estimated marginal effects (probabilities) of the final logit model, the school that parents attended and perceived academic performance had a positive effect on parents’ selection of a public school. In contrast, family income and discipline of the school had a negative effect on parents’ selection of a public school.

Conclusion: Perceived academic performance and discipline of the school were the significant school characteristics influencing the parents’ decision to select a primary school while the parent being a past pupil of the school and family income were significant household factors.
Recent Advancements in Developing Animal Models for COVID-19
Authors: Aggarwal Adamya , Mittal Rahul
Published: May 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus’s prominence, severity, and unique characteristics—including its ability to mutate quickly and cause idiosyncratic symptoms—has prompted researchers to fully focus on understanding the pathological process behind infection and developing an effective vaccine. To achieve this objective, several animal models, from small animals to non-human primates (NHPs), have been developed to identify different immunizing agents, which can provide protection against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this review, we discuss the possible advantages and drawbacks of these animal models including their susceptibility to infection, and pathological manifestations. While vaccination efforts have been successful, there still remain several limitations and areas for improvement. The individuals at the high risk of contracting viral infection may need individualized immunization plans and newer antigenic targets must be discovered to combat the virus’s mutations. Animal models can serve as a valuable tool to develop better vaccines that can provide protection against COVID-19.
Growth and Yield Characteristics of Two Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Varieties as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application
Authors: Nyarko Albert , Sarkodie-Addo Joseph , Adofo Kwadwo , Quaye Michael Odenkey , Adu Joseph
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the Crops Research Institute (CRI) at Fumesua – Kumasi from August to December, 2017. The research was to investigate the growth and yield characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) to the application of organic manure (poultry manure and cow dung) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK, 15-15-15, 300kg/ha) and their combinations. The experiment was a 2x3 factorial with treatments arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The treatments were: sole poultry manure (6t/ha); sole cow dung (8t/ha); sole NPK45-45-45kg/ha; NPK, 22.5-22.5-22.5kg/ha + Poultry manure (PM) (3t/ha); NPK, 22.5-22.5-22.5kg/ha + Cow dung(CD) (4t/ha); NPK, 33.75-33.75-33.75kg/ha + PM (1.5t/ha); NPK, 33.75-33.75-33.75kg/ha + CD (2t/ha); NPK, 7.5-7.5-7.5kg/ha +PM (4.5t/ha); NPK, 7.5-7.5-7.5kg/ha + CD (6t/ha); and no fertilizer amendment (control). Two sweet potato varieties, ‘Apomuden’ and ‘Santom Pona’ were used. The results indicated that on the average, the organic manure and the inorganic fertilizer combinations promoted greater growth than the sole applications and the control.  The greatest marketable root yield (14.8 t/ha) obtained from 7.5-7.5-7.5 NPK + 4.5 t/ha PM. For root dry matter, NPK 22.5-22.5-22.5 + CD (4t/ha); NPK 22.5-22.5-22.5 + PM (3t/ha); and NPK 7.5-7.5-7.5 + CD (6t/ha) produced the greatest responses (32.6%, 31.1%, and 30.9%) respectively. Integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers is thus recommended for improved sweet potato production.
Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of the Leaves and Stem Bark of Ficus glumosa
Authors: Akinsola A. F. , Osasona I. , Aribisala A. I.
Published: May 2022

Aim: To evaluate the proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional and amino acid compositions of Ficus glumosa leaves and stem bark.

Place and Duration of Study: The proximate, mineral and anti-nutritional compositions were determined in the Chemistry Laboratory of Ekiti State University, Ado – Ekiti while the amino acid was determined at the Analytical Laboratory of Multi-Environmental Management Consultant, Lagos, Nigeria. The research was carried out between November 2020 and September 2021.

Methodology: All investigations were carried out using well established analytical procedures. Amino acid analysis was carried out through ion exchange chromatography (IEC) using the Technicon Sequential Multisample (TSM) Amino Acid Analyser.

Results: The results revealed that the leaves and the stem bark of Ficus glumosa had moisture contents of 9.78 and 9.67% respectively. Crude protein of 18.8% was recorded for the leaves while 7.73% was recorded for the stem bark. The leaves were observed to contain higher mineral contents than the stem bark. Na/K ratios were 0.048 (leaves) and 0.09 (stem bark). Out of the four anti-nutrients evaluated for the leaves and stem bark, tannins recorded the highest values of 5.42 and 12.5 (mgTAE/g) respectively. Amino acid compositions showed that the leaves and the stem bark contained a total of 95.2 and 83.4 g/100g cp amino acids respectively. Highest concentrated amino acid was Glu with 12.8g/100g cp and 16.2g/100g cp for both leaves and stem bark. Essential amino acid (with His) was 44.9g/100g cp (47.2%) for the leaves and 37.2g/100g cp (44.6%) for the stem bark.

Conclusion: The leaves and stem bark of Ficus glumosa contained appreciable amount of crude protein, important mineral elements and essential amino acids which could contribute to alleviating the problem of protein malnutrition in developing countries.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil in Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Elshebiny Nehal Mohamed , Hassan Ghada Fawzy Rezk , Hasby Eiman Adel , Hodeib Abeer Abd El-hakam
Published: May 2022

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of topical minoxidil 5% in treating male androgenetic alopecia.

Study Design: A prospective, randomized study

Place and Duration of study: Outpatient clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University Hospitals between January 2020 and March 2021.

Methodology: 15 male patients with androgenetic alopecia (age range 23 – 31 years) were included and received topical minoxidil 5% (twice daily) for 24 weeks. Efficacy of treatment was assessed clinically, trichoscopically, and by histopathology (H&E stain).

Results: Patients were classified between grades Ⅲ- Ⅵ at baseline, after 24 weeks of treatment: patients were classified between grades Ⅱ- Ⅴ A. There was an improvement in 60% of patients with no statistically significant difference in the clinical grading before and after treatment. The statistical significance was apparent in the percentage of the terminal and vellus hair and hair density and width after treatment. There were 31.7% and 42.56% increases in hair density and width, respectively. There was a decrease in the miniaturized hair follicles and perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate by H&E stain.

Conclusions: Topical minoxidil 5% was found to be an effective method of treatment of male androgenetic alopecia, which affects both hair density and width.
Evaluation and Characterization of Stabilized Drug, Formulated as Oro Dispersible Tablet Using Advanced Method
Authors: Safari Mo’men , Mowafy Hammam A. , Samy Ahmed M.
Published: May 2022

In a challenge to prepare a stable Oro-dispersible tablet (ODT) of Desloratadine, using dry resin was incorporated into a fast-disintegrating matrix to prepare an optimized ODT that achieved the desired criteria of stabilization and patient acceptance. In this study, the critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) were determined via risk assessment methods within the framework of Quality by Design (QbD). The results showed that resin (Amberlite IRP64®) can be used as a dry stabilizer and the selected variables in the optimization phase have a strong influence on the blend flowability, disintegration time, and wetting time of the ODTs. Furthermore, by comparing the optimized formula with the marketed one, the optimized formula showed a significantly lower disintegration, lower wetting time, and an almost similar dissolution profile.
Test Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extract for Wound Healing in White Rats
Authors: Aprilyani Anggi , Chiuman Linda , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda
Published: May 2022

The use of natural ingredients as a treatment and wound healing has been widely used, one of which is betel leaf (Piper betle Linn). This study aims to analyze and test whether betel leaf extract can accelerate wound healing in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study used an experimental research design. The sample in this study were male white rats grouped randomly into 4 groups with each consisting of 5 rats, then given a 2 cm incision wound and given different treatments. The first group was the treatment groups with 2.5% betel leaf extract cream. The second group was given 5% betel leaf extract cream. Third groups with 10% betel leaf extract cream. The fourth group was the control group with NaCl 0.9%. The length of the wound in each group was observed and measured every day for 14 days. The data obtained is then analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The result showed that the wound healing process between treatment groups differed significantly because the level of effectiveness and optimization of the doses also varied, namely the sequence of treatment groups that accelerated the wound healing process was the betel leaf extract cream 10%, 5%, 2.5% and last NaCl 0.9%. Thus, it was concluded that the giving of betel leaf extract cream can accelerate the healing of wounds in male white rats which are characterized by the higher dosage of betel leaf extract will further accelerate the healing of incisions in male white rats.
Tourist Behavior during COVID 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Ernawati Hani , Kiswantoro Amin
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 outbreak, tourism has been significantly limited due imposed government restrictions, with travel being considered a high-risk activity.. Moreover, tourist behavior and preferences changed during the covid-19 pandemic. The current systematic literature review gathers and synthesizes research records of the last 2 years (2019–21) on tourists’ behavior concerning during covid 19 pandemic. We used PRISMA as a protocol to conduct this systematic literature review. The synthesis provides a detailed account of the tourists behavior during covid 19 pandemic, their antecedents and consequences, behavior changes, and future research potential in the said domain.
Amiloride and harmaline are potent inhibitors of NhaB a Na+/H+ antiporter from Escherichia coli
Authors: Pinner Elhanan , Padan Etana , Schuldiner Shimon
Published: July 2002

The diuretic drug amiloride is a specific inhibitor of sodium transporting proteins in several cell types. Attempts to inhibit this activity in membrane vesicles derived from various bacteria, did not yield clear results. Therefore, we tested the effect of amiloride and its derivatives on the purified Na+/H+ antiporters of E. coli reconstituted in functional form in proteoliposomes. Whereas NhaA is not inhibited by amiloride, both amiloride and harmaline are potent inhibitors of NhaB with K
0.5 of 6 and 15 μM, respectively. The pattern of inhibition by amiloride derivatives is different from that reported for mammalian antiporters but similar to that reported for the Na+/H+ antiporter of D. salia [Katz, A., Kleyman, T.R. and Pick, U. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 2389–2393]. Clonidine is a poor inhibitor (K
0.5 = 200 μM) while cimetidine had no effect on the antiporter up to concentration of 1 mM. These new potent inhibitors provide us with important tools for the study of the mechanism of action of NhaB.
Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate reductoisomerase from Escherichia coli is a class B dehydrogenase
Authors: Radykewicz Tanja , Rohdich Felix , Wungsintaweekul Juraithip , Herz Stefan , Kis Klaus , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Bacher Adelbert , Zenk Meinhart H. , Arigoni Duilio
Published: July 2002

1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate is converted into 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate by the catalytic action of 1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr protein) using NADPH as cofactor. The stereochemical features of this reaction were investigated in in vitro experiments with the recombinant Dxr protein of Escherichia coli using (4R)‐ or (4S)‐[4‐2H1]NADPH as coenzyme. The enzymatically formed 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate was isolated and converted into 1,2:3,4‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol; NMR spectroscopic investigation of this derivative indicated that only (4S)‐[4‐2H1]NADPH affords 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate labelled exclusively in the HRe position of C‐1. Stereospecific transfer of HSi from C‐4 of the cofactor identifies the Dxr protein of E. coli as a class B dehydrogenase.
Optimal Packing Characteristics of Rolled, Continuous Stationary‐Phase Columns
Authors: Li Chenghong , Ladisch Christine M. , Yang Yiqi , Hendrickson Richard , Keim Craig , Mosier Nathan , Ladisch Michael R.
Published: July 2002

Rolled, continuous stationary phases were constructed by tightly rolling and inserting a whole textile fabric into a chromatography column. This work reports the column performance, in terms of plate height, void fraction, and resolution, of 10 cellulose‐based fabrics. The relation between fabric structural properties of yarn diameter, fabric count, fabric compressibility, and column performance are quantitated. General requirements, including reproducibility of packing, for choosing fabrics to make a good SEC column are identified. This research showed that the packed columns have an optimal mass of fabric that minimizes plate height and maximizes resolution, in a manner that is consistent with chromatography theory. Mass of material packed is then an important column parameter to consider when optimizing columns for the rapid desalting of proteins. Proteins were completely separated from salt and glucose in less than 8 min at a pressure drop less than 500 psi on the rolled, continuous stationary‐phase columns. These results, together with stability and reproducibility, suggest potential industrial applications for cellulose‐based rolled, continuous stationary‐phase columns where speed is a key parameter in the production process.
Formation of catalytically active S‐acetyl(malonate decarboxylase) requires malonyl‐coenzyme A
Authors: Hoenke Stefan , Dimroth Peter
Published: July 2002

Functional malonate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae is an acetyl‐S‐enzyme with an acetylated phosphoribosyl dephospho‐CoA prosthetic group. The mdcH gene product acts as a malonyl‐CoA:ACP transacylase and initiates the activation of (deacetyl)malonate decarboxylase by malonyl‐transfer to the prosthetic group. The malonyl residue is subsequently decarboxylated to an acetyl residue by the decarboxylase itself. Purified malonate decarboxylase consists of the four subunits MdcA, D, E and C in an apparent 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 stoichiometry. In addition, the preparation contains substoichiometric amounts of MdcH comigrating on SDS/PAGE with MdcD. Malonate decarboxylase isolated from strains with a deletion of the mdcH gene was not activated with malonyl‐CoA. Activity could be gained, however, in the additional presence of MdcH that has been synthesized in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. Substrates for MdcH are malonyl‐CoA or methylmalonyl‐CoA but not acetyl‐CoA. The enzyme has Km values of 16 µm for both substrates and Vmax for malonyl‐CoA of 190 U·mg–1 and for methylmalonyl‐CoA of 37 U·mg–1. Transfer of the methylmalonyl‐residue to the prosthetic group proceeds via the covalent methylmalonyl‐MdcH intermediate. The transacylase is specifically inhibited by N‐ethylmaleimide, and preincubation with malonyl‐CoA or methylmalonyl‐CoA protects the enzyme from this inhibition.
Acute effects of five Ghanaian carbohydrate diets on serum glucose, triglyceride and insulin in NIDDM
Authors: Ike Quaye PhD, La Brakohiakpa Msc, Gab Amoah  , N Ayi‐Ankrah  , Y Kido
Published: July 2002

Glycemic indices have been used to predict useful carbohydrate sources of food for patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabeties mellitus (NIDDM) on dietary management programs. The present study has revealed that glycemic indices alone are not adequate predictors of useful carbohydrate meal sources. We observed for the first time that glycemic indexes inversely correlate with triglyceride indices. In our test mixed meals varying in five Ghanaian carbohydrate food types for nine non‐insulin dependent diabetics, the correlation between glycemic and triglyceride indices was (r = –0.63; P = 0.005). The atherogenic potential of triglyceride makes a critical review of the sole use of glycemic indices as useful carbohydrate predictors necessary. We also observed that unripened big plantains (a staple Ghanaian food) could be a useful carbohydrate source for NIDDM patients.
Corneal optics from videokeratographs
Authors: Hemenger Richard P. , Tomlinson Alan , Oliver Katherine
Published: July 2002

Recent developments in measuring corneal topography make possible an improved understanding of corneal optics. It is shown, using a wavefront analysis, that optical quantities of interest follow from knowledge of sagittal depths of a cornea, and that sagittal depths are provided by or readily found from the output of commercially available instruments. The errors for normal corneas are expected to be quite small based on measurements on calibration spheres and ellipsoids. As an example the optical consequences of a peripheral asymmetry are estimated for a particular normal cornea.
I
n s
i
t
u observation on electron-beam-induced chemical vapor deposition by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Matsui Shinji , Ichihashi Toshinari
Published: July 2002

W deposition, using a WF6 source and electron-beam-induced surface reaction, has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The initial growth process has been observed in situ by TEM. As a result, it became clear that β-W clusters are formed by electron beam irradiation of the WF6 adlayer. Moreover, it has been observed that W layers are formed by coalescing the W clusters by electron beam irradiation at 5×10−7 Torr WF6 gas pressure. Furthermore, a nanostructure involving a W rod with 15 nm diameter has been demonstrated by using electron-beam-induced surface reaction.