bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Physical Layer Metasurface‐Empowered Cryptography with Robustness, High Capacity, and Enhanced Security
Authors: Gu Zhen , Xie Rensheng , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Xiong , Zhang Hualiang , Gao Jianjun , Si Liming , Ding Jun
Published: January 2025

Physical layer metasurface‐empowered cryptography offers a novel approach to secure encryption. This study proposes an encryption method with robustness, high capacity, and enhanced security based on the dual‐band complex‐amplitude metasurface. By leveraging the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), both the secret message and the compressed digital signature are encrypted and transmitted together, eliminating codebook transmission and reducing security risks. The modified Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme is employed to strengthen the security, fidelity, and robustness. Additionally, a three‐dimensional wavefront reconstruction algorithm is used to increase the encryption capacity, and a multivariate encryption key provides an extra layer of protection. A prototype metasurface sample is designed, fabricated, and characterized as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration. The measured results closely match the numerical ones and the design objective, confirming the viability and resilience of this high‐capacity, enhanced security encryption method for applications in anti‐counterfeiting and secure data transmission.
The Efficacy and Safety of Synchronized Radiofrequency and High Intensity Facial Electrical Stimulation in Improving Facial Skin Laxity and Quality in Asians
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Wannawittayapa Teerapat , Buranaporn Panyapat , Wanitphadeedecha Rungsima , Lizarondo Felix Paolo J. , Nokdhes Yanin
Published: January 2025

Background

Noninvasive aesthetic procedures for facial rejuvenation are gaining popularity. Conventional treatments, such as radiofrequency (RF) and high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), primarily improve skin quality but do not address the deeper musculoaponeurotic structures that affect facial laxity. A novel approach that delivers synchronized RF with high intensity facial electrical stimulation (HIFES) thought to target both the skin and underlying musculoaponeurotic framework to effectively enhance facial laxity has been investigated.

Objective

To assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of combined synchronous RF and HIFES therapies in treating facial skin laxity among Asian subjects.

Methods

In this prospective, evaluator‐blinded study, 15 participants aged 40–65 years with mild to moderate facial skin laxity were enrolled. Each underwent four weekly treatments using a synchronized RF and HIFES system using noninvasive electrode applicators on the forehead and cheeks. Objective assessments included forehead and cheek lifting measurements using a 3D photographic system, eyebrow lifting measurement using ImageJ software, skin texture and melanin levels using Antera 3D®, and skin elasticity using Cutometer® MPA 580. Additionally, patients provided self‐assessments regarding their perceived level of improvement. Assessments were conducted at baseline, before the 3rd treatment, and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the last treatment.

Results

All participants completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in forehead and cheek lifting sustained at 6 months (p < 0.0001). A significant eyebrow lift of 1.39 mm was observed at 3 months (p = 0.0087), with a sustained lifting distance of 1.31 mm at 6 months (p = 0.0021). Skin firmness improved substantially (p < 0.0001), with R0 (skin firmness) increasing by 81.24% at 6 months. Skin texture improved notably in the crow's feet area (13.82% improvement at 3 months, p = 0.049). Melanin levels decreased significantly in the crow's feet and forehead regions. Treatment was well tolerated, with pain scores decreasing from 3.5 ± 1.8 to 1.6  ± 1.0 by the fourth session. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

Combined synchronous RF and HIFES therapy is a safe and effective Noninvasive method of improving facial skin laxity and quality in Asian subjects. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Alternative Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in the Treatment of Isolated Dystonic Syndromes: A Multicenter Experience‐Based Survey
Authors: Cif Laura , Limousin Patricia , Souei Zohra , Hariz Marwan , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: January 2025

Background

The globus pallidus internus (GPi) is the traditional evidence‐based deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for treating dystonia. Although patients with isolated “primary” dystonia respond best to GPi‐DBS, some are primary or secondary nonresponders (improvement <25%), showing variability in clinical response.

Objective

The aim was to survey current practices regarding alternative DBS targets for isolated dystonia patients with focus on nonresponders to GPi‐DBS.

Methods

A 42‐question survey was emailed and distributed during a DBS conference to clinicians involved in DBS for dystonia. The survey covered (1) use of alternative DBS targets as primary or rescue options, (2) target selection based on dystonia phenomenology, (3) experience with secondary nonresponders to GPi‐DBS, and (4) management of patients with additional DBS leads.

Results

The response rate was 53.8%, including neurologists and neurosurgeons from 28 DBS centers in 13 countries; 89% of neurologists and 86% of neurosurgeons used alternative DBS targets to GPi, with subthalamic nucleus being the most common initial or rescue alternative to GPi. Patients with additional tremor received DBS in the ventral intermediate nucleus or caudal zona incerta. Individual experience ranged from 5 to 25 patients. Most patients were still receiving dual target stimulation at the last follow‐up.

Conclusions

We show that more than 85% of surveyed clinicians use alternative DBS targets, mostly in some isolated dystonia patients not adequately responsive to GPi‐DBS. More knowledge is needed to evaluate outcomes in alternative targets and establish the best strategies for managing insufficient GPi‐DBS response in dystonia patients with diverse phenomenology. Our article contributes to establishing a clearer time frame and criteria for defining nonresponders in dystonia patients undergoing DBS.
Radial to Median Sensory Nerve Transfers to Restore Sensate Key Pinch: A Cadaveric Assessment of Size Match and Implications for Transfer
Authors: Schaeffer Christine V. , Menon Ambika , Chambers Spencer , Graf Alexander , Suh Nina , Ghareeb Paul
Published: January 2025

Background

Loss of key‐pinch sensation after median nerve injury poses significant functional detriment. Nerve transfers are utilized to improve function after nerve injury and size matching of donor and recipient nerves is important to optimize success. This anthropometric study investigates the anatomy of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) to the thumb and index finger and explores radial to median sensory nerve transfers, a necessary but not heavily discussed facet of nerve transfers for the hand.

Methods

Anatomic dissection of SBRN in 15 cadaver hands was performed to assess variability in diameter and branching patterns based on nerve location. Dissection of the index radial and thumb ulnar digital nerves was performed to assess diameter based on location and calculate ideal size match for nerve transfer.

Results

All specimen thumbs had 2 SBRN branches at the level of the metacarpal shaft and proximal phalanx; 87% had 2 index SBRN branches extending to the proximal phalanx. Index radial and ulnar SBRN branches were similar in diameter at all levels (p > 0.0167). There was a significant size mismatch between the individual SBRN branches and index digital at all measured levels (p < 0.0167). The thumb radial SBRN was significantly larger than ulnar SBRN (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Optimal size match for transfer involved transection of radial index SBRN 1 cm distal to the MCP joint and ulnar thumb SBRN 1 cm distal to the MCP joint. Consideration should be made for transfer of both index SBRN branches at the level of the MCP joint to improve size match. Corresponding digital nerves were transected 1 cm proximal to the level of SBRN harvest.
Dynamic change of polarity in spread through air spaces of pulmonary malignancies
Authors: Matsuura Yoshiaki , Onuma Kunishige , Coppo Roberto , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Kondo Jumpei , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Takeda‐Miyata Naoko , Kameyama Kenji , Furuya Tatsuo , Okada Satoru , Shimomura Masanori , Inoue Masayoshi , Inoue Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a histological finding of lung tumours where tumour cells exist within the air space of the lung parenchyma beyond the margin of the main tumour. Although STAS is an important prognostic factor, the pathobiology of STAS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of STAS by analysing the relationship between STAS and polarity switching in vivo and in vitro. Histopathological analysis revealed that apical membranes were observed outside the STAS lesions around colorectal cancer (CRC) lung metastases and lung adenocarcinomas. When apical‐out CRC organoids were administered intratracheally to mice, the organoids had greater metastatic potential than did single cells. To investigate the pathobiology of STAS, we established an in vitro model of STAS in which CRC or lung cancer organoids were co‐cultured with 2D‐cultured mouse airway epithelial organoids (2D‐MAOs). Adhesion of cancer organoids to 2D‐MAOs was much less than to type I collagen or endothelial cells, suggesting a protective role of the airway epithelium against adhesion. Loss of the apical membrane of CRC organoids at the contact surface with 2D‐MAOs after adhesion was responsible for establishing adhesion. When airway epithelium was stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), adhesion of CRC organoids was enhanced. Among TGF‐β1‐induced genes in airway epithelium, follistatin‐like protein 1 (FSTL1) increased CRC organoid adhesion by promoting loss of the apical membrane. These results suggested that TGF‐β1‐induced FSTL1 may promote metastatic progression of STAS by altering the polarity status. Elucidating the mechanism of STAS could contribute to the improvement of survival in patients with pulmonary malignancies associated with STAS. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Silencing GRHL3 promotes multiple organ distant metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by enhancing SOX2 stability via SIRT1
Authors: Li Zhanzhan , Yang Baishuang , Long Meihua , Chen Jiarong , Zhi Yaofeng , Li Ronggang , Cao Lixue , Yang Shasha , Sun Jingyi , Meng Zijie , Wu Wanting , Mai Yanyang , Zhang Xin , Huang Yanming , Chen Qiong , Liu Aibin
Published: January 2025

Aberrant expression of grainyhead‐like transcription factor 3 (GRHL3) has been extensively reported in the development and progression of several squamous cell carcinomas, such as cutaneous, head and neck, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the clinical significance and biological roles of GRHL3 in lung squamous cell (LUSC) carcinoma are largely unclear. Herein, we report that GRHL3 was significantly upregulated in lung squamous epithelium of LUSC tissues, bronchiole, and bronchus. Moreover, expression levels of GRHL3 were decreased with the advance of pathological grade, and low GRHL3 level presented poor overall survival and short progression‐free and distant metastasis‐free survival in LUSC patients but had no prognostic significance in LUAD patients. Functional experiments in vivo showed that downregulating GRHL3 promoted not only lung colonization and growth but also multiple organ distant metastasis of LUSC cells, including bone, brain, and liver. Moreover, silencing GRHL3 promoted anoikis resistance and cancer stem cell (CSCs) characteristics of LUSC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, silencing GRHL3 stabilized SOX2 via SIRT1‐mediated decreasing acetylation and subsequent ubiquitination‐dependent degradation in LUSC cells. Thus, in‐depth understanding of the underlying mechanism of GRHL3 in the progression of LUSC will facilitate the development of prognostic biomarker and therapeutic avenues against LUSC, which will present favorable prospects in improving outcomes of LUSC patients. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Dynamic analysis of porous fiber‐reinforced sandwich composite panel with variable angle
Authors: Sun Ruijun , Zheng Changsheng , Yang Fazhan , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Yuesong , Li Xiang
Published: January 2025

Damped sandwich composite structures are increasingly used in the aerospace, automotive and energy sectors due to their high damping and lightweight properties. Here, a novel porous fiber‐reinforced sandwich composite structure is proposed, by punching holes in fiber cloth with impregnated damping solution, and resin flows through the holes during the formation of the composite structure, connecting the upper and lower prepreg layers. This paper focuses on the theoretical study of the free vibration behavior of simply supported composite porous multilayer fiber‐reinforced sandwich composite structures with arbitrary delamination angles. The vibrational differential equation including the orientation angle was established and solved using Rayleigh‐Ritz method and Navier method. Subsequently, the Abaqus finite element method and modal test analysis were used to evaluate the dynamic performance of the structure with different orientation angles, verify the proposed theoretical model and solution strategy, and perform structural optimization based on a genetic algorithm. The results show that the panel with the area ratio of the damping layer of 94.854% and a fiber orientation angle of multiples of 45° has excellent dynamic performance. This model has significant advantages in improving structural stiffness and provides a theoretical basis for practical engineering applications.

Highlights

A dynamic model of porous multilayer damping plate is established.

The effect of different fiber orientation angle on porous plate is studied.

An experimental platform is constructed to corroborate the theoretical accuracy.

Structural optimization of porous plate is conducted using a genetic algorithm.

The influence of structural parameters on the porous plate is analyzed.
Risk of Cord Entanglement After Iatrogenic Monoamnionicity, With Selective and Solomon Laser Treatment for Twin‐To‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Lanna Mariano , Palandri Ludovica , Faiola Stefano , Casati Daniela , Laoreti Arianna , Coco Chiara , Savasi Valeria , Consonni Dario
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) is the gold standard treatment for monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies complicated by twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). The aim of our study was to evaluate the rate and risk factors for cord entanglement in the presence of iatrogenic monoamnioticity (iMA), a consequence of inadvertent septostomy during FLS.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of two consecutive cohorts of FLS performed either using the selective technique from January 2004 to January 2012, or with the Solomon technique, from that date onwards. Maternal and fetal characteristics, technical details, and obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Cord entanglement was identified based on the presence of a galloping sign observed during prenatal ultrasound in the presence of iMA. At our center, mono‐amniotic twins are electively delivered at 32 completed weeks.

Results

The mean gestational age of the 558 FLS, 52.3% selective and 47.6% Solomon, was 19.8 weeks (15.1–26.4). Solomon laser coagulation was associated with a lower occurrence of TAPS or TTTS (5.3% vs. 13%, p = 0.001) after the FLS and a higher number of placental abruption (9% vs. 2% p < 0.001) and by more cord entanglement in the presence of iMA (9.4% vs. 2.4% respectively, p < 0.001). The presence of iMA was correlated with a higher occurrence of limb defects (6.2% vs. 1% in non‐iMA twins, p 0.001).

Conclusions

Solomon FLS was associated with a higher risk of cord entanglement and placental abruptio. As a consequence, we delivered twins with iMA earlier.
Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Stimulant Prescribing Among Adults
Authors: Thakkar Pavan V. , Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Compton Scott N. , Sivashankar Ohviya , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Brookhart M. Alan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Increases in adult stimulant prescribing pose a potential risk due to the higher prevalence of contraindicated conditions among this population. We sought to identify patient, provider, and visit characteristics predictive of potentially inappropriate adult stimulant prescriptions.

Methods

We conducted a repeated cross‐sectional study using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative weighted sample of 5 453 702 723 ambulatory care visits from 2012 to 2019. Potentially inappropriate prescriptions were defined as prescriptions to patients with potentially contraindicated conditions, as determined by US Food and Drug Administration stimulant labels.

Results

Of the 5 453 702 723 visits, stimulant use was prevalent at 121384694 (2.23%) visits and newly prescribed at 18880152 (0.34%) visits. Of these, 4 620 138 (24.47%) new stimulant prescriptions and 28 055 947 (23.11%) prevalent prescriptions were potentially inappropriate. Potentially inappropriate prescribing increased over time and with age. Visits to primary care providers (relative risk [RR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.05–2.59) were predictive of inappropriate prescribing. Non‐Hispanic Black (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.70) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35–0.60), coronary artery disease (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.86), pregnancy (RR 0.05, 95% CI 0.03–0.11), hypertension (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.84), and glaucoma (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02–0.24) were predictive of decreased prevalent stimulant prescriptions; substance abuse was predictive of new stimulant prescribing (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.07–4.27).

Conclusions

The proportion of potentially inappropriate adult stimulant prescriptions increased over time and with patient age. Visits to primary care providers were predictive of potentially inappropriate prescribing, and a history of substance abuse was predictive of new stimulant prescriptions; therefore, quality improvement interventions regarding safe stimulant prescribing practices may be warranted.
Prioritization and multilevel mapping of implementation strategies for a cancer rehabilitation navigation program
Authors: Stout Nicole L. , Harrington Shana E. , Perry Ashley , Alappattu Meryl J. , Manes Mindi R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Although determinants and strategies for implementing a cancer rehabilitation navigation (CRNav) program have been described, defining specific implementation interventions could improve uptake in oncology care delivery. This manuscript shares prioritized implementation interventions using a multilevel framework.

Methods

We convened interdisciplinary stakeholders from two CRNav programs to participate in an implementation mapping focus group. Using a multilevel framework that considered provider‐, clinic‐, and system‐level interventions, the focus group discussion guide sought participant input on specific interventions that needed to occur at each level to facilitate implementation. The focus group transcript was analyzed using deductive thematic coding to identify program implementation interventions at each level. The interventions were then shared with all stakeholders to seek agreement and prioritization using a modified Delphi process. A priori a 70% threshold was established to define agreement. Two rounds of Delphi were conducted.

Results

Fifteen stakeholders were recruited and nine participated in the focus group. The implementation mapping exercise identified 19 different interventions within the following Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change domains by level: provider level—use evaluative and iterative strategies, provide interactive assistance, train and educate stakeholders, support clinicians; clinic level—change infrastructure, support clinicians, adapt and tailor to context, use evaluative and iterative strategies; and system level—develop stakeholder interrelationship, use financial strategies, change infrastructure. Seven of 15 individuals completed both rounds of the Delphi. Fourteen interventions achieved agreement for high importance. Highest prioritized implementation interventions were develop a core champion team, develop a rationale for program justification, agree upon outcomes measures for the program, and examine and contextualize barriers that will influence the program.

Conclusion

Clinical implementation of an innovative care delivery model requires attention to specific interventions that affect various levels within a health care system. These findings will inform future research and clinical efforts in the implementation of CRNav programs.
Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic as a Hospital Waste by pH‐Sensitive Degradable Composite Hydrogel Using Fenton‐Like System
Authors: Dehghani Firoozabadi Ali , Eslami Hossein , Sabzevari Alireza , Ansari Mojtaba
Published: January 2025

Fenton‐like hydrogels crosslinked with imine bond were prepared for the removal of tetracycline. Initially, the oxidation process of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was performed, and it was named OX‐CMC. The confirmations were then obtained using NMR and FTIR analyses. The degree of CMC oxidation was investigated in relation to reaction time, and optimal time of 4 h was selected. In the second part, a pH‐sensitive hydrogel with imine bond was prepared from the crosslinking reaction between OX‐CMC and chitosan. The formation of the hydrogel through imine crosslinking was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. By increasing ratio of OX‐CMC to chitosan, the swelling rate for the hydrogel decreased. Turbidity measurements showed that a higher OX‐CMC to chitosan weight ratio resulted in slower hydrogel degradation in acidic environments. In the third part, Fe3O4 nanoparticles with concentrations of 5 and 10 wt% were incorporated into the hydrogel structure. TEM studies revealed a spherical morphology and uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the hydrogel network. SEM images revealed a porous structure which composed of interconnected pores in the hydrogel. The results of UV–visible spectroscopy indicated that the degradation of magnetic hydrogels would augment as magnetic nanoparticle content increases, pH decreases, and the hydrogen peroxide content increases.
Stress Management Program for Scanxiety in People With Advanced Lung Cancer: Intervention Adaptation and Stakeholder Feedback
Authors: Derry‐Vick Heather , Khoudary Amanda , Billini Osairys , Prigerson Holly G. , Schwartz Marc D. , Cohen Jeffrey , Griffin Chance , Gutierrez Martin , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Carter‐Bawa Lisa
Published: January 2025

Background

Although scanxiety is common and impactful for people with advanced lung cancer, few interventions address this psychosocial concern.

Aims

To create a stress management program for scanxiety.

Methods

We conducted a structured intervention adaptation process guided by the ADAPT‐ITT framework. We tailored materials from an existing evidence‐based program, drafted additional modules, and obtained feedback on initial content. Following content revisions and website prototype development, 21 participants (patients with metastatic lung cancer, n = 8; family members, n = 3; clinicians, n = 10) reviewed the program. Participants rated the program's acceptability (Acceptability of Intervention Measure; AIM), feasibility (Feasibility of Intervention Measure; FIM), appropriateness (Appropriateness of Intervention Measure; IAM), helpfulness (module Likert ratings), and usability (Post‐Study System Usability Questionnaire; PSSUQ), and completed semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Data revealed positive impressions of the program. Participants rated the program as acceptable (89%), feasible (89%), and appropriate (95%; proportion with average ratings ≥ 4 out of 5 on AIM, FIM, and IAM respectively). They rated 6 of the 7 modules as helpful, appropriate, and fitting with their experience (77%–100% with Likert ratings ≥ 4 out of 5); the below‐threshold module (Introduction) was revised based on rapid qualitative analysis of interview data. Although 33% needed help to start using the website, its usability was rated highly after use (PSSUQ Mdn = 1.56, IQR = 1.11–1.82). The refined intervention is a largely self‐guided program to enhance stress management skills using psychoeducation, recorded on‐demand exercises, and 3 brief coaching calls.

Conclusions

This highly‐rated intervention has the potential to alleviate scanxiety among people with advanced lung cancer.
Mental Health Consequences of Opioid Pain Medication Use Behaviors and Motives Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Rogers Andrew H. , Pielech Melissa , Ketterl Tyler G. , Palermo Tonya M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer experience long‐term consequences into survivorship that impact quality of life, including mental health symptoms, substance use, and persistent pain. Given the elevated rates of pain, AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk for opioid pain medication (OPM) exposure, increasing risk for opioid‐related negative consequences, particularly for those with mental health symptoms. Minimal research has documented that a considerable proportion of AYAs with cancer receive OPM that continues into survivorship, yet the lack of consensus on the definition of problematic opioid use coupled with the high clinical need for OPM makes it particularly challenging to understand the impact of OPM use in this population.

Aims

Therefore, the current study examined differences in opioid pain medication use, use behaviors, and motives between AYA cancer survivors and non‐cancer controls.

Methods

Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we tested the impact of OPM use behaviors and motives on depressive symptoms and mental healthcare utilization variables.

Results

Results show that, compared to non‐cancer controls, AYA cancer survivors evince higher rates of opioid use, behaviors, and pain relief motives. Within the cancer survivor group only, there were differential patterns of associations between OPM behaviors, motives, depressive symptoms, and mental healthcare utilization, with using opioid pain medication for emotion coping/to get high showed the largest effect sizes with outcome variables.

Conclusions

The results highlight the importance of moving beyond use itself and examining how and why AYAs with cancer are using opioids to understand potential negative consequences.
Improving Permafrost Mapping in Southern Tibetan Plateau Using Machine Learning and Rock Glacier Inventory
Authors: Yan Dezhao , Feng Min , Hu Zhongyi , Xu Jinhao , Li Xin
Published: January 2025

As a key component of the cryosphere, permafrost is sensitive to climate change, but mapping permafrost, especially in the Tibetan Plateau, has been challenging due to the heterogeneous mountainous landscape and limited representativeness of ground observations. Using 155 compiled ground observations and more than 20,000 rock glacier records, we developed a machine learning model to map the distribution of permafrost and produce an improved permafrost zonation index (PZI) map. The model was applied by incorporating several control variables, including terrain (elevation and relief), soil (bulk density, clay, coarse fragments, sand, and silt), and temperature (MAAT, FDD, and TDDT) to estimate the PZI at a 1‐km resolution in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Excluding glaciers and lakes, the area of permafrost estimated by the new map is approximately 103.5 × 103 km2, accounting for 47.8% of the total area of the region. The result was assessed with various datasets and compared with existing permafrost maps and achieved higher accuracy compared with previous studies. The overall classification accuracy was 96.1% in high plain areas and 84.4% in mountain areas. The results demonstrated the substantial potential for improving mapping permafrost and understanding the periglacial environment with rock glacier inventories and machine learning, especially in complex terrain and climate.
Proprioception After Unilateral Stroke: Changes in the Affected and Unaffected Lower Limbs Over Time
Authors: Xu Jinyao , Witchalls Jeremy , Preston Elisabeth , Pan Li , Zhang Gengyuan , Waddington Gordon , Adams Roger , Han Jia
Published: January 2025

Background

Proprioceptive deficits are common among stroke survivors and can negatively impact their balance and postural control. However, there has been little evaluation of the change in proprioceptive deficits in the lower limbs over time after stroke. This study aimed to examine proprioceptive deficits over time after stroke in both the affected and “unaffected” lower limbs.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included sixty first‐time unilateral stroke survivors and twenty age‐matched healthy individuals. Participants after stroke were divided into three subgroups based on different time points after stroke. The generally accepted clinical time points after stroke are the first 4 weeks—the acute stage; 5–24 weeks—the subacute stage; over 24 weeks—the chronic stage. The active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA) was used to quantify ankle proprioception in plantarflexion and inversion directions, on both the affected and “unaffected” sides.

Results

Lower limb proprioception scores decreased linearly over time after stroke on both the affected and “unaffected” sides (p < 0.001). Overall, proprioception scores for the stroke groups were significantly lower than those for the healthy age‐matched group (p < 0.01), with the only exception being ankle plantarflexion and inversion scores on the unaffected side in the acute stroke group, which were not significantly different from their healthy counterparts.

Conclusion

Ankle proprioception in both lower limbs decreased over time after a unilateral stroke, with proprioceptive acuity on the “unaffected” side diminishing linearly in the same way as that on the affected side. These observed continuing deficits in lower limb proprioception among stroke survivors raise implications for clinical neurorehabilitation.
Astragaloside IV Relieves Central Sensitization by Regulating Astrocytic ROS/NF‐κB Nuclear Translocation Signaling in Chronic Migraine Male Rats
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Yunping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Lilin , Zhou Jiying , Ji Lichun , Chen Lixue
Published: January 2025

Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling neurological disease. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV), a natural product derived from Astragalus membranaceus, shows great potential in treating chronic pain by relieving inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of AS‐IV on CM. An inflammatory soup comprising histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and prostaglandin E2 was used to establish a CM rat model, while lipopolysaccharide was applied to induce an inflammatory response in primary astrocytes. Pain threshold measurements were used to evaluate nociceptive hypersensitivity, while qPCR and Western blotting were applied to detect inflammatory indicators and synaptic protein expression, and Golgi‐Cox staining was applied to observe dendritic spine density, while transmission electron microscopy was used to observe synaptic ultrastructure. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were assessed using JC‐1 staining, Mitotracker staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, and glutathione content. AS‐IV pretreatment alleviated central sensitization and ameliorated astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation. AS‐IV pretreatment alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and the production of IL‐1β, which were reversed by ROS scavengers in vitro or mitochondrial respiratory chain disruptors in vivo. Our study indicates that AS‐IV can inhibit neuroinflammation by alleviating astrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate central sensitization in CM, thereby providing an experimental basis for AS‐IV and A. membranaceus in CM prevention and treatment.
Preparation of Novel H3PO4 Mixed Sludge‐Sunflower Seeds Husk Biochar and its Application in TC Removal
Authors: Rahmoune Hafidha , Dahlab Soundous , Nasser Mohamed , Abomunassar Sundus Ahmed Mohsen , Guo Jifeng
Published: January 2025

This study primarily focuses on creating a new biochar substance using a combination of sewage sludge and sunflower seed husk. The biochar shows significant efficacy in eliminating tetracycline (TC). The characteristics of biochar, such as SEM, XPS, FT‐IR, and BET, were investigated respectively. After H3PO4 was added to change the surface, the novel biochar exhibited a porous and stiff surface, a larger specific surface area, and more carboxylic acid functional groups. Consequently, the activated biochar exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for TC than the pristine biochar, with values of 39.57 mg/g and 15.74 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetics could describe the sorption of TC on PBCSS and BCSS well (R2 for PBCSS and BCSS is 0.876 and 0.824, respectively). The adsorption process was described using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms. Chemical adsorption helps TC and biochar stick to each other. Donor‐acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions all make this possible. The study showed that the new biochar has the potential to be an economical adsorbent for the removal of TC from wastewater.
Synthesis of a Hierarchical FeBTC/FeS Structure with Enhanced Water Stability for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Souza Brenand A. S. , Freitas Denilson V. , Coelho Igor , Stavale Fernando , Guzzo Pedro L. , Machado Giovanna , Navarro Marcelo
Published: January 2025

An iron metal‐organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and tested for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using methylene blue (MB) standard. The iron 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) MOF was synthesized using a simple and low‐cost electrochemical method, aligned with the green chemistry principles, 64% yield. FeBTC was modified in the presence of Na2S solutions (0.01 and 0.02 mmol L−1), giving FeBTC/FeS composites. SEM analysis showed the MOF structure preservation and the homogeneous dispersion of the sulfur on the composite surface. FeBTC MOF and FeBTC/FeS composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, EDX, XPS, and EPR spectroscopy. The FeBTC MOF exhibited 25.1% of MB removal by adsorption (dark), whereas 43.4% (removal/degradation) was observed under simulated solar light. The modification with Na2S promoted the formation of composites containing iron polysulfide species, as observed by XPS. The FeBTC/FeS‐1 and FeBTC/FeS‐2 composites showed superior performance, achieving MB removal efficiencies of 86.0% and 82.4%, respectively, after an irradiation time of 120 min. Compared to photo‐Fenton processes, FeBTC and FeBTC/FeS‐1 composite demonstrated MB removal efficiencies of 96.9% and 99.6%, respectively. Thus, the FeBTC photocatalytic activity was increased by iron polysulfides formation on the MOF structure. FeBTC/FeS‐1 composite exhibited excellent adsorptive/photocatalytic activity, demonstrating its decolorizing potential for MB‐containing effluents.
Synthesis, Biological Screening, and Molecular Docking of Hybrid Pyrazole Scaffolds for Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Bavishi Abhay , Vala Hardev , Radadiya Ashish , Swami Sagar , Thakrar Shailesh , Sarkar Dhiman , Shah Anamik
Published: January 2025

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and docking analysis of 21 novel compounds, including asymmetric dihydropyridines (4a–4o) and chalcones (6a–6f), derived from coupling 1,3‐(substituted)‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde with active methylene compounds and 3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin, respectively. Structural confirmation was achieved through 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. Biological screening against mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra identified compounds 4b, 4d, 4f, 4g , 4i, 4k, 6e, and 6f as significant antitubercular agents. Antibacterial evaluation at 30 µg/mL showed selective inhibition of gram‐positive bacteria, with compound 6e active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and 6f showing activity specifically against S. aureus. Docking studies indicated effective InhA binding (ΔG = −3.52 to −7.27 kcal/mol) and inhibition constants ranging from 2640 to 4.71 µM. Key binding interactions with residues TYR156 and ILE192 were observed, enhancing affinity, particularly for compound 6e. The SAR analysis emphasized the enhanced antitubercular potency of 2‐chloroacetyl and 2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl substitutions in the dihydropyridine series, while in the chalcone series, specific substitutions, such as the 3‐nitro substitution in 6e, enhance antitubercular and antimicrobial potency due to stronger hydrogen bonding and increased polar surface area, while the 4‐fluoro substitution in 6f confers selective activity against S. aureus.
Investigation of Aggregation‐Induced Phosphorescence of Non‐Symmetric [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] Complexes in Block Copolymer Micelles: Effects of Pt(II) Сomplex and Micellar Core
Authors: Zharskaia Nina A. , Durova Elizaveta V. , Solomatina Anastasia I. , Elistratova Anastasia A. , Vlasov Petr S. , Galenko Ekaterina E. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Tunik Sergey P. , Chelushkin Pavel S.
Published: January 2025

The aggregation‐induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) phenomenon (emergence or increase in phosphorescence intensity as a result of aggregation of phosphorescent emitters) is regarded nowadays as an effective tool for improving brightness and tuning photophysical properties of phosphors. The intrinsic drawback of the aggregates featuring AIPE—their instability in aqueous dispersions, which hampers their utility in biomedical applications—can be overcome by their stabilization inside block copolymer micelles. Herein, we investigate the effects of both ligand and micellar core chemistries on the emergence of AIPE by using a series of the [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] complexes embedded into three block copolymers with different micellar cores. It has been shown that the only micelles that supported AIPE revealed for the corresponding complexes in solid state are those with poly(ε‐caprolactone) cores. The latter observation can be explained by the ability of poly(ε‐caprolactone) to demonstrate non‐negligible swelling in water, the content of which in the micellar core formed by this polymer seems to be high enough to induce the aggregation of the complexes and the concomitant AIPE effect.
High Energy Storage Under the Regulation of Polymer Phase Structure
Authors: Su Yao , Liu Zhaobo , Yang Dandan , Li Wenyi , Ma Rong , Samarai Mustafa Al , Zhang Wenxiong , Huang Houbing , Fan Huiqing , Hu Dengwei
Published: January 2025

Dielectric nanocomposites have garnered significant interest owing to their potential applications in energy storage. However, achieving high energy density (Ue) and charge/discharge efficiency (η) remains a challenge in their fabrication. In this paper, core‐shell structured BaTiO3@Polyvinylpyrrolidone (BT@PVP) nanoparticles are prepared, and incorporated into a semi‐crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The BT@PVP/PVDF nanocomposite film loaded with 5 vol.% BT@PVP nanoparticles show a maximum Ue of 18.39 J cm−3 at 458 MV m−1, which is almost 4 and 9 times greater than those of BT/PVDF (5.14 J cm−3 at 303 MV m−1) and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) (2 J cm−3 at 640 MV m−1), respectively. Notably, the highest charge/discharge efficiency of 79.80% has been achieved so far for ferroelectric inorganic‐filled PVDF composites. The reason why there are such excellent performances is mainly because of the interface coupling of inorganic–organic nanocomposite film and PVDF β phase transition with coating and extrusion of PVP molecules and large polarization of BT respectively. This research introduces a convenient and effective approach to designing high‐performance dielectric polymer nanocomposites.
Synergistic Binding Sites in a Robust and Scalable Metal–Organic Framework for Record CH4 Capture
Authors: Chang Miao , Li Yongsong , Tong Minman , Yang Jing , Ma Tianlin , Wang Yujie , Zheng Jiandong
Published: January 2025

Effectual CH4 reclamation from CH4/N2 blends by existing physisorbents in industrialization confronts the adversity of frustrated separation performance, weak structural strength, and restricted scale‐up preparation. To solve aforesaid bottlenecks, herein, a strategy is presented to fabricate synergistic strong recognition binding sites in a robust and scalable optimum Cu(pma)2 with ultramicroporous feature regarding superb CH4 separation versus N2. By virtue of the synergistic contribution of multiple affinities accompanied by enormous potential field overlap of pore restriction, it imparts strong recognition binding toward CH4 molecules. Equilibrium adsorption bears a record KH, CH4 (88.2 cm3(STP) g−1 bar−1), CH4 uptake (48.5 cm3(STP) g−1 bar−1), CH4 stacking density (303.9 g L−1), separation potential (1.52 mol L−1) coexisting with one of the highest CH4/N2 selectivity (11.5) and Q0 st, CH4 (29.8 kJ mol−1) hitherto, authorizing a novel benchmark. Thermodynamically driven separation mechanisms within Cu(pma)2‐established synergy of strong recognition forces are deciphered by in situ PXRD and FT‐IR combined with theoretical studies. The breakthrough effect of the highest CH4 dynamic uptake (28.8 cm3(STP) g−1) in cooperation with exceptional recyclability and easy synthesis scalability under ambient conditions strengthened the attractiveness of Cu(pma)2.
Search Multiple Types of Research Assets From Jupyter Notebook
Authors: Li Na , Farshidi Siamak , Zhao Zhiming
Published: January 2025

Objective

Data science and machine learning methodologies are essential to address complex scientific challenges across various domains. These advancements generate numerous research assets such as datasets, software tools, and workflows, which are shared within the open science community. Concurrently, computational notebook environments like Jupyter Notebook, along with platforms like Google Colab and Kaggle Kernel, facilitate data science research and machine learning workflows, transforming data analysis, model development, and knowledge sharing processes. The proliferation of computational notebooks has further enriched the pool of valuable research assets. Researchers frequently require efficient access to these assets to advance their work, yet current tools often require navigating multiple websites and portals, leading to inefficiency and information overload. The challenge is compounded when relying on general web search engines that might not adequately highlight niche scientific resources.

Methods

To address these issues, we propose the development of an innovative Multiple Research Asset Search (MRAS) system designed to index diverse research assets from heterogeneous sources, offering a unified search interface for researchers. Our system aims to significantly improve the discovery of computational notebooks and datasets, facilitating data‐driven research.

Results

We developed a pipeline for data extraction and indexing, reviewed and applied state‐of‐the‐art ranking algorithms, enhanced indexing documents with content analysis, and created a Jupyter extension for asset discovery within the working environment.

Conclusion

This work is structured to detail our approach, literature review, system development, empirical validation, results, and conclusions, illustrating the potential impact of our MRAS system on scientific research efficiency.
Numerical evaluation of the internal fracture mechanism of horizontal loop connections in precast elements under the influence of transverse reinforcement
Authors: Karam Muhammad Shoaib , Nakamura Hikaru , Yamamoto Yoshihito , Sarraz Atik , Hameed Rashid
Published: January 2025

This study numerically evaluated the flexural capacity and fracture mechanism of precast reinforced concrete beams connected with in situ horizontal loop connections employing the three‐dimensional rigid body spring model (3D‐RBSM) for modeling of concrete and beam elements (BEs) for modeling of steel, respectively. The research analyzed the performance of continuous horizontal loop connections with and without transverse reinforcement, considering varying vertical spacing between loops and transverse steel ratios. The numerical model effectively captured the test load displacement relationships by incorporating the model parameters like Young's modulus, tensile strength, fracture energy, compressive strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction for concrete along with mechanical properties of steel and revealed that loop joints without transverse reinforcement exhibited loop type failure. In contrast, specimens with transverse reinforcement improved the peak load and caused compression failure. It was discovered that transverse rebars on the continuous side of the joint experience more strain; particularly, the maximum strain occurred in the corner rebars within the curved sections of U‐rebars. Moreover, the increased vertical spacing between the loop rebars increased the diagonal crack propagation and demonstrated the loop‐type failure. Further, a larger circumferential area of transverse rebar offered greater bond strength and confinement to the concrete core and reproduced the maximum deformation capacity, ductility, and compression failure.
Pulmonary Delivery of Nonviral Nucleic Acid‐Based Vaccines With Spotlight on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Araujo Cirne Carolina , Foldvari Marianna
Published: January 2025

Nucleic acid‐based vaccines are leading‐edge tools in developing next‐generation preventative care. Much research has been done to convert vaccine gene therapy from an invasive to a noninvasive administration approach. The lung's large surface area and permeability make the pulmonary route a promising noninvasive delivery option for vaccines, with systemic and local applications. This review summarizes the challenges and the approaches that have been carried out to optimize the delivery of nucleic acids through the pulmonary route for vaccination purposes in recent years, with a spotlight on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonviral delivery systems have been widely explored, and AuNPs with their unique properties are emerging as promising tools for nucleic acid vaccines due to surface functionalization with mucus‐penetrating polymers and targeting moieties that can bypass the barriers in pulmonary delivery and successfully deliver nucleic acids to the cells of interest. However, while promising, several challenges remain including selectively overcoming the lungs' immunological surveillance and adhesive mucus.
Barriers affecting the quality and consistency of barium studies in radiologists and registrars
Authors: Mangi Muhammad Faraz , Mangi Mohammad Danish , Lim WanYin
Published: January 2025

The barium swallow study is a fluoroscopic study which provides valuable insights into the motility, function and morphology of the pharynx, oesophagus, gastroesophageal junction, proximal stomach and duodenum. It has been observed that the skill of radiology doctors with barium swallow studies in adults has diminished. This reduced proficiency with barium swallow study is closely linked to and perpetuated by the heterogeneity of technique amongst radiologists. Factors pertaining to the individual radiologist, patient factors, healthcare factors, and the widespread use of alternative investigations have led to this increased variance in performing the barium swallow study. Despite this reduction in its usage, the study remains a valuable tool in the care of patients. We advocate for standardised guidelines to increase consistency and improve radiologist familiarity with this procedure.