bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aircraft Nose Landing Gear Shimmy with Nonlinear Tyre Models
Authors: guo xiangying , nan tian , chen yao , zhang weixing , cao Dongxing
Published: November 2024

In this study, an application of a nonlinear tyre model is considered in the analysis of aircraft nose landing gear shimmy. An aircraft single-wheel nose landing gear system is used to analyse the shimmy stability, where the tyre model is designed to account the nonlinear relaxation length by the two-degree-of-freedom model, as well as the nonlinearity of the tyre contact patch. This improvement takes into account the nonlinear relaxation length of the tyre and the time-varying changes in the tyre contact path due to large amplitude vibrations. The system is analysed using nonlinear bifurcation methods, and the results indicate that the nonlinear tyre model exhibits greater amplitude and extends the velocity range for shimmy occurrence. Simultaneously, the bistable region where coupled shimmy oscillations occur also shifts downwards, indicating a greater tendency for coupled oscillations involving lateral bending shimmy oscillations and torsional shimmy oscillations. Moreover, evaluate the differences between two tyre models and the results show that the new nonlinear tyre model can allow for better and more accurate predictions of shimmy behaviour and potential oscillation amplitude based on varying environmental factors. From the perspective of shimmy prediction and prevention, the application of this new model in shimmy analysis enhances aircraft safety redundancy and increases overall safety.
Structural and morphological analysis of lead oxide nanoflowers and nanorods prepared under different reaction times, pH, and simple method
Authors: Yazdani-Darki Sepideh , Eslami-Kalantari Mohammad , Zare Hakimeh
Published: November 2024

This study aims at the effects of pH variation and reaction time on the dimension and morphology of lead oxide (PbO) nanostructures grown through a simple low-temperature method without using any surfactants. It has been shown that the growth of PbO with different morphologies such as flowers and rods can be controlled by simply changing the reaction time and pH. During the growth process, the pH of the reaction gradually changed from 12 to 14. The prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The growth process can be initiated in favorable conditions like a pH of 14 and reaction times of 5 and 7 hours, and the petal-like PbO nanostructures began to appear. It indicates that weak alkaline conditions are required to obtain nanorods with well-defined tetragonal or orthorhombic facets. The growth of PbO nanorods is greatly influenced by the competition between crystal growth and etching. It has been found that PbO nanoflowers contain many radial plates with a diameter of 32 µm and PbO nanorods contain many radial nanorods with a diameter of 157 nm and a length of 12 µm. The formation mechanism of flower and rods-like PbO nanostructures can be explained based on the common theory of crystal nucleation and crystal growth direction.
Sensitivity of quantum dot semiconductor lasers to optical feedback by open loop system.
Authors: Mahdi Mayyadah Qable , ghalib basim abdullattif , AL-mamoori Mohammed H. K.
Published: November 2024

This research shows that the line width enhancement factor in quantum dot lasers is affected by the time delay that is produced through optical feedback in the case of an open ring system for lasers and the length of the external cavity. It uses a model of the rate equation for semiconductor lasers, transmitter and receiver, and studies the dynamic characteristics of the laser output and the effect of each current. Injection, linewidth enhancement factor, delay time, and external cavity length, based on the results that appeared when choosing the value of the linewidth enhancement factor (α = 2), a time delay of (100–500) ps, a time difference of 10 ps, ​​and an injection current (1.5, 2.5, 4.5) multiplied by Threshold current and the study of the relationship between photon density and time and the relationship between photon density for both the transmitter and the receiver, in addition to the relationship between the occupation factor for both the transmitter and the receiver and its relationship with time and its effect on the output behavior of the quantum dot semiconductor laser in the transmitter and receiver lasers, where it is in several cases and may sometimes be Stable and may be periodic, semi-periodic, multi-periodic, or random (chaos).
Marriage Selection Criteria in Korea: What an economic shock reveals about the marriage selection criteria
Authors: Lee Jin Hyung , Kum Hyunsub
Published: November 2024

This study investigates how marriage selection criteria such as education and family’s economic status have evolved according to economic surroundings in South Korea. We find from the examination of longitudinal data that when returns to investment in higher education diminish and economic hardship occurs, the social mix is prevalent with respect to the educational level as a marriage selection criterion but an alternative criterion such as family’s economic status is paid attention to.
JEL Classification: D31, J11, J12
Trends and Research Fields in Digitalization: A Bibliometric Review Approach
Authors: ALFAWAREH FARAJ , alfawareh Nawwaf , Fayad Abdallah F.S. , Domai Ammar
Published: November 2024

This study aims to highlight contemporary trends in existing literature on digitalization via bibliometric approach using the Scopus database. Digitalization research trends are investigated using bibliometric analysis via the Scopus database. Microsoft Excel is used to perform frequency analysis, VOSviewer is employed to conduct data visualization, whilst Harzing’s Publish or Perish is utilized to analyze the citation metrics. This study identifies the most popular publication trends, the most popular subject area, the most cited articles, the most active authors, the most prominent keyword analysis, the most active countries, the top document and the source type, the top source title, the most active funding institutions, and the most active institutions. Notably, the most active country producing digitalization research is Germany; the most active publishing institution in the digitalization field is Russia’s Peter the Great St. Peterburg Polytechnic University; and the most active author with 47 published papers on digitalization is Dumitrescu, R. These results indicate that digitalization is presently trending and is expected to continue so in the coming years. The study’s data collection depends on a single source, namely the Scopus database. But the results derived give a thorough understanding of digitalization and an overview of its research trends. This work can assist academic researchers, developers of digitalization, policymakers, and regulators in understanding more about this field on top of identifying areas for further examination. This paper sheds light on the current state of the field of digitalization, combining methodological approaches and valuable insights for future research. Furthermore, it serves as a starting point for professionals to fully understand the characteristics and potential of digitalization through a bibliometric approach.
Cohesive instability in elastomers: Insights from a crosslinked Van der Waals fluid model
Authors: Lamont Samuel C. , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: November 2024

The resistance to volumetric deformations displayed by polymer networks is largely due to secondary and tertiary interactions between neighboring polymer chains. These interactions are both entropic and enthalpic in nature but are fundamentally different from the entropic forces that resist shearing in these networks. In this paper, we introduce a new depiction of elastomers as a crosslinked Van der Waals fluid. Starting from first principles, we develop constitutive equations that are implemented in a continuum model as well as a discrete network model. Our models predict that the failure of polymer networks may be driven by an instability in the underlying polymer bulk 'fluid' or by the breaking of polymer chains, depending on the loading path taken. The results of this study indicate that material failure in elastomers exposed to a purely triaxial state, such as in a poker chip experiment, may be driven by an entirely different mode of instability than those deformed in pure shear, such as in a uniaxial tension experiment.
Multi-keyword Searchable Encryption Scheme with Policy Hiding Support for User Revocation in Cloud Environment
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Cao Suzhen , Liu Guorui , Han Lei , Zhang Tianhao
Published: November 2024

In the current cloud computing environment, attribute-based access control must ensure that only authorized users can access specific sensitive data. However, the access control policies of existing solutions usually exist in plaintext form, which carries the risk of information leakage. In addition, in scenarios that require dealing with complex attack environments, its security may also be insufficient. To address these issues, we propose a dual system based multi keyword searchable encryption scheme that supports policy hiding and user revocation. In order to achieve partial concealment of access policies, user attribute values are encrypted and attribute names are attached to the ciphertext uploaded to the cloud service provider. The cloud service provider can see the names but cannot access the attribute values, effectively concealing sensitive information of access policies. The user's attributes and version number are verified by a third-party audit server. Ensure its legal authorization, only audited users can obtain the necessary ciphertext for decryption, which not only enables user revocation but also effectively prevents collusion attacks between users. Security analysis shows that this scheme utilizes a dual system encryption scheme under a fully secure model and has been proven to effectively resist keyword guessing attacks and user collusion attacks based on deterministic assumptions. According to security analysis and experimental results, the proposed solution achieves flexible cloud data storage and access while also improving security, meeting the requirements of complex cloud environments.
Crime analysis Addis Ababa sub-cities, reflecting the impact of policing efforts, and community involvement in crime prevention
Authors: Alehegn Derese , Ramasay Karunakaran , Engeda Banteyrgu
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes crime trends across sub-cities in Addis Ababa over the years 2018–2022, focusing on how policing strategies and community involvement have influenced crime patterns. The study identifies fluctuations in crime rates, highlighting the impact of, post-pandemic challenges, and ongoing security efforts. Kirkos, Addis Ketema, and Arada display distinct trends that reflect localized policing efforts and varying levels of community participation. Findings indicate that while certain efforts have been effective, there is a need for improved community engagement and real-time monitoring to ensure sustainable crime reduction. Recommendations include refining targeted interventions and strengthening partnerships between law enforcement and residents.
Research on the Prediction Model of Material Removal Rate in the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process
Authors: Liu Bingyang , Ding Yunlong , Yan Yuhang , Han Bing , Chen Yan
Published: November 2024

As an advanced precision machining process, magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) technology can be applied to grind complex workpieces. However, it’s not conducive to formulate an appropriate processing that MAF processing on tubular workpiece has a severe lack of well defined material removal model. In order to solve this problem, the contact form between magnetic abrasive and workpiece surface was simplified, and the force analysis of magnetic abrasive in the magnetic field was performed. Furthermore, an ideal predictive model on material removal rate was proposed, which was based on both the quantity of active abrasives in the processing area and the depth at which magnetic abrasive was pressed into the workpiece. The correction factor 'k' was determined based on the comparison and analysis of experimental results and theoretical predictions. What’s more, the accuracy of the revised model on material removal rate was confirmed. The surface roughness of workpiece was reduced from 0.213 µm to 0.058 µm after undergoing 19 cycles of processing under the conditions of spindle speed of 1000 rad/min, abrasive mass of 3.5 g, machining gap of 2 mm, and a feed rate of 3 mm/s. The material removal rate was 0.140 µm/min, which exhibits an absolute error of 7.675% in comparison to the predicted value of 0.152 µm/min. The results indicate that the model can meet the prediction requirements of material removal rate in MAF process, and MAF technology can effectively achieve finishing on the inner surface of pipes.
Compact Metasurface-Based Circularly Polarized Reconfigurable Antenna
Authors: Nguyen-Dinh Thai , Le-Tuan Tu , Nguyen-Quoc Dinh , Tran-Huy Hung
Published: November 2024

A circularly polarized (CP) reconfigurable antenna with a compact size is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna can produce a unidirectional beam whose polarization is switchable between left-hand CP and right-hand CP. The proposed design consists of 2 × 2 unit cells as a primary radiating aperture and a switchable CP source. The polarization reconfigurability is achieved by turning ON/OFF two pin diodes. It is noted that the biasing wire and the diodes are positioned in the switchable feeding network rather than the radiating element to avoid unwanted radiation, which might cause negative effects on the antenna's radiation performance. Measured results show identical operation characteristics for both polarization states. The common operating bandwidth between RHCP and LHCP states is from 2.44 to 2.47 GHz. The measured broadside gain is about 4.6 dBic. Compared with other related works, the proposed antenna can provide dual CP with the smallest number of pin diodes and the most compact dimensions.
Perceptions and attitudes regarding robotic total hip arthroplasty: a patient stakeholder survey
Authors: MD Hassaan Abdel Khalikm , Selznick Asher , Bali MBBS FRCSC MSc MS Kamal , Amini Yasaman , Tate MSc Isabelle , Wood MD MSc F Thomas J
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To describe the attitudes and preferences of patients pertaining to robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RA-THA) with the long-term objective of designing a prospective randomized-controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of RA-THA compared to conventional technique.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of patients attending an outpatient high-volume academic arthroplasty clinic chosen was administered from December 2023 to May 2024. The survey was comprised of 31 items including patient demographic, patient reported factors of significance and perceptions surrounding RA-THA.
Results:
Ninety-seven patients completed the survey with a mean age of 67.5 ± 9.1 years and with 63% of patients being female. The majority of respondents were not at all familiar with RA-THA (69%). Common perceptions of RA-THA compared to conventional technique included a smaller incision (41%), lower chance of developing infection (47%), shorter length of surgery (41%), less blood loss (41%), lower cost (22%), shorter length of stay (30%), more precise implant positioning (46.8%), lower post-operative pain (29%), and lower post-operative complications (36%). Very important outcomes to be assessed in future investigations included post-operative range of motion (91%), implant longevity (91%), dislocation risk (90%), post-operative pain (89%), and infection risk (87%).
Conclusion:
Patient familiarity with robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty is low. Patient perceptions regarding RA-THA compared to conventional technique are favorable, despite limited evidence to date. Important factors to be assessed in future RCTs include range of motion, implant longevity, dislocation risk and infection risk. Findings of this study can inform a clinically relevant RCT assessing RA-THA compared to conventional technique.
Study on the Surface Characteristics and Anti-icing Properties of PDMS Micro- and Nanostructres Imitating Bamboo Leaf Surface
Authors: Sun Hongwen , Wang Ruobing , Shen Jie , Gu Lijun
Published: November 2024

The formation of ice on solid surfaces can occasionally culminate in dire repercussions. Nature's own bamboo leaves present an excellent biomimetic blueprint for the conception of anti-icing micro- and nanostructured surfaces. This work leverages polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to emulate the intricate surface architecture of bamboo leaves. The surface morphology characteristics of both bamboo leaf mold and its replica were characterized using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The AFM analysis revealed that the micro- and nanostructures adorning the replica surface were predominantly arranged in a needle-like fashion, with an average surface roughness of 46.4 nanometers. The freezing temperature of the PDMS surface was 2.8°C lower than that of an untreated planar surface. The textured surfaces demonstrated an increase of approximately 21% in the delayed freezing time compared to their non-textured counterpart. This research offers a novel approach to the research of anti-icing surface design.
Equation of State for Solid Argon Valid for Temperatures up to 760 K and Pressures up to 6300 MPa
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Sriskandaru Sakimsan , Maynard-Casely Helen E. , Thol Monika , Falloon Peter , Span Roland , May Eric F.
Published: November 2024

Thermodynamic property data for solid argon have been analysed to construct a new fundamental equation of state (EOS) based on the Helmholtz energy. This approach is based on methodologies previously applied to solid CO₂ and benzene [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 40, 043105 (2011); 50, 043104 (2021)]. The EOS is capable of predicting thermodynamic properties of solid argon up to 760 K and 6300 MPa, using temperature and cell volume as independent variables. The model incorporates the quasi-harmonic approximation with a Debye oscillator framework for vibrons, along with an anharmonic term to address deviations near the triple point. In addition to literature data, the model was regressed to new measurements of argon’s solid cell volume conducted from (8 to 50) K using a high-intensity neutron diffractometer, the results of which are reported here. This new EOS achieves a high degree of accuracy in representing experimental data, with uncertainties (k = 1) estimated of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 0.5% for the cell volume along the sublimation curve, along the melting curve, and in the compressed solid phase, respectively; 2% to 10% for the heat capacity along the sublimation curve in different temperature regions; 1% to 10% for the thermal expansivity on the sublimation curve; 2% for the isothermal bulk modulus, 1% for the isentropic bulk modulus, 0.2% for the enthalpy of sublimation, 0.5% to 2% for the enthalpy of melting, 1% for the sublimation pressure (T > 50 K), and 2% to 5% for melting pressure. The EOS maintains physically realistic behaviour across the range of conditions from absolute zero to high-pressure.
Discovering Associations Among Technologies Using Modified TFIDF
Authors: Alaeiyan Mehdi , Salemi Abolfazl , Alaeiyan Mohammadhadi
Published: November 2024

In contemporary times, the genesis of new and efficient innovative ideas necessitates a comprehensive understandingof various technologies. Given the extensive data inherent in these technologies, it is imperative to employ automatedmethods to elucidate the interconnections among them. This article endeavors to delineate the associationsbetween disparate technologies within a specific industry. To uncover these associations, we have utilized a generalizedapproach to Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) across a broad spectrum of textual data,such as scholarly articles. These associations are represented in the guise of a weighted graph, wherein the verticescorrespond to individual technologies, and the edge weights quantify the degree of association between pairs of technologiesin percentage terms. This graphical representation, known as the ’association tech-graph,’ is instrumentalin the analysis and advancement of technological innovation within the industrial sector. Our proposed model is parameterized,engendering a variety of graphs contingent upon the values assigned to these parameters. A meticulousevaluation of these parameters, while increasing computational complexity, enhances the precision and accuracy ofthe resultant graph.
High risk of short-term mortality and postoperative complications in patients with generalized peritonitis undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery - a cohort study
Authors: Olausson Maria , Tolver Mette A , Gögenur Ismail
Published: November 2024

Background
Secondary generalized peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between secondary generalized peritonitis and short-term mortality and postoperative complications in patients undergoing major abdominal emergency surgery.
Methods
The study included patients with the age ≥ 18 years undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery in a University Hospital from 2017 to 2019 after the introduction of a perioperative bundle care program. The primary outcome measures were short-term mortality, defined as death within 30 and 90 days after surgery and postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for 30- and 90-days mortality and 30-days postoperative complications.
Results
A total of 591 patients were included, of whom 21% (124/591) had generalized peritonitis. The overall 30 day-mortality rate was 12.5% (74/591). Patients with generalized peritonitis had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate than patients with non-generalized peritonitis 18.5% (23/124) vs. 10.9% (51/467), P < 0.033. Generalized peritonitis was an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. There was a significantly higher rate of admission to ICU for patients with generalized peritonitis 39.5% (49/124) vs. 12.6% (59/467), P < 0.001. Patients with generalized peritonitis were significantly more prone to get both a surgical and non-surgical complication compared to patients with non-generalized peritonitis 87.1% (108/124) vs. 65.7% (307/467), P < 0.001.
Conclusion
In a population undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery treated in a perioperative optimization protocol, generalized peritonitis was an independent risk factor for both 30- and 90-days mortality and postoperative complications.
Nonlinear Nanophotonic Chip-space Interfaces Enabled Multi-dimensional Engineering of Structured Optical Vortices
Authors: Liu Jin , Wei Dunzhao , Chen Bo , Wan Shuai , Wang Yixuan , Wang Pi-Yu , Chang Chun , Qiu Guixin , Tan zelin , Huang Xiaoshan , Chen Yan , Jiang Tian , Zhan Qiwen , Bo Fang , Fu Songnian , Wang Xue-Hua , Dong Chun-Hua
Published: November 2024

Miniaturized and reconfigurable interfaces between confined optical modes within integrated photonic chips and structured light propagating in free space would serve as a cornerstone for fundamental optical science and modern photonic technology. In this work, we present nonlinear nanophotonic chip-space interfaces capable of flexibly generating and multi-dimensionally engineering structured light via injections of photons to on-chip waveguides. By harnessing the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation in integrated nonlinear microring resonators, we successfully tailor the spatial profile, polarization state, emission wavelength, topological charge and temporal wave packet of structured optical vortices, exhibiting reconfigurabilities and tuning ranges far beyond the state-of-the-art. To further showcase the capabilities of our platform, we use a single pump to generate multi-state integrated vortex microcombs in the visible range via synergistic χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear optical processes. Our work bridges the research fields of structured light and integrated optics, providing unprecedented opportunities to spatiotemporal light generation, on-chip nonlinear optics and integrated quantum photonics.
Can Large Language Models facilitate evidence-based decision support for conservation?
Authors: Iyer Radhika , Christie Alec , Madhavapeddy Anil , Reynolds Sam , Sutherland William , Jaffer Sadiq
Published: November 2024

Wise use of evidence to support efficient conservation action is key to tackling biodiversity loss with limited time and resources. Evidence syntheses provide key recommendations for conservation decision-makers by assessing and summarising evidence, but are not always easy to access, digest, and use. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) present both opportunities and risks in enabling faster and more intuitive access to evidence databases. We evaluated the performance of ten LLMs (and three retrieval strategies) versus six human experts in answering synthetic multiple choice question exams on the effects of conservation interventions using the Conservation Evidence database. We found that open-book LLM performance was competitive with human experts on 45 filtered questions, both in correctly answering them and retrieving the document used to generate them. Across 1867 unfiltered questions, closed-book LLM performance demonstrated a level of conservation-specific knowledge, but did vary across topic areas. Hybrid retrieval performed substantially better than dense and sparse retrieval methods, whilst more recent LLMs performed substantially better than older ones. Our findings suggest that, with careful design, LLMs could potentially be powerful tools for enabling expert-level use of evidence databases. However, general LLMs used ‘out-of-the-box’ are likely to perform poorly and misinform decision-makers.
Gene ontology-guided proximity placement analyses of pan-primate regulatory LTR elements that contribute to embryogenesis.
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi
Published: November 2024

Two distinct families of pan-primate endogenous retroviruses, namely HERVL and HERVH, infected primates germline, colonized host genomes, and evolved into the global genomic regulatory dominion (GRD) operating during human embryogenesis (HE). Analyzed in this contribution GRD derived from HERV sequences constitutes 8839 highly conserved fixed LTR elements linked to 5444 down-stream target genes forged by evolution into a functionally-consonant constellation of 26 genome-wide multimodular genomic regulatory networks (GRNs), each of which is defined by significant enrichment of numerous single gene ontology (GO)-specific traits. Locations of GRNs appear scattered across chromosomes to occupy from 5.5%-15.09% of human genome. Each GRN harbors from 529-1486 regulatory LTRs derived from LTR7, MLT2A1, and MLT2A2 sequences that appear quantitatively balanced according to their genome-wide abundance. GRNs integrate activities from 199-805 down-stream target genes, including transcription factors, chromatin-state remodelers, signal-sensing and signal-transduction mediators, enzymatic and receptor binding effectors, intracellular complexes and extracellular matrix elements, and cell-cell adhesion molecules. GRNs compositions consist of several hundred to thousands smaller GO enrichment-defined genomic regulatory modules (GRMs) combining from a dozen to hundreds LTRs and down-stream target genes, which appear to operate on individuals life-span timescale along specific phenotypic avenues to exert profound effects on patterns of transcription, protein-protein interactions, developmental phenotypes, physiological traits, and pathological conditions of Modern Humans. Overall, this study identifies 69,573 statistically significant regulatory LTR-linked GRMs (Binominal FDR q-value threshold of 0.001), including 27,601 GRMs validated by the single GO-specific directed acyclic graph (DAG) analyses across six GO annotations. Collectively, reported herein observations support the hypothesis that pan-primate ERVs have made significant impacts on evolution of GRNs affecting physiological traits and pathological conditions of Modern Humans, including phenotypes manifestation of which considered human-specific.
Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Preemergence Herbicides Applied Alone or in Combination with Superabsorbent Polymer, Soil Binding Agent, and Compost in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plasticulture Production
Authors: Tiwari Ruby , Boyd Nathan , Roberts Pamela , Daroub Samira , Timilsina Nirmal , Kanissery Ramdas
Published: November 2024

Preemergence herbicide application under plastic mulch is an effective way to manage weeds in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. Nonetheless, applying herbicides beneath plastic mulch in raised beds is associated with the inherent risk of crop phytotoxicity. This highlights the need to explore crop-safe methods for herbicide application in plastic mulch beds. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides S-metolachlor and flumioxazin at the labeled rate (X) and reduced rate (0.5X, half of the labeled rate) either alone or in combination with a super absorbent polymer, soil binding agent, or compost to determine their ability to control weeds effectively in plastic mulched beds without causing negative effects on tomato crops. Two different experimental trials, trial 1 (Mar–Jun 2021) and trial 2 (Oct 2021–Jan 2022) were performed in the fields in Immokalee, FL, USA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications. S-metolachlor (X) plus soil binding agent and S-metolachlor (X) plus compost mix suppressed purple nutsedge density by >85% and approximately 68%, respectively, during trial II. Similarly, S-metolachlor (X), S-metolachlor (0.5X) plus super absorbent polymer, S-metolachlor (X) plus super absorbent polymer, S-metolachlor (X) plus soil binding agent, and S-metolachlor (X) plus compost caused reductions in purple nutsedge biomass by >50% compared with that of the nontreated control during trial II. Treatments did not significantly impact tomato crop vigor and chlorophyll contents during trials I and II. Moreover, treatments did not significantly affect tomato crop biomass and yield during both trials. In summary, using preemergence S-metolachlor (X) combined with soil binding agent or compost could be a viable option for suppressing purple nutsedge in plastic mulched tomato beds.
Photosynthetic Daily Light Integral Effects on Rooting and Vegetative Growth of Cuttings of Six Foliage Plants
Authors: Kang Iro , Lopez Roberto G.
Published: November 2024

Recently, millennials, social media, and the COVID-19 pandemic have spurred the demand for indoor foliage plants. Between 2019 and 2022, the wholesale value of foliage plants in the United States increased by 45% to $1 billion. However, few propagation protocols are available for greenhouse growers in temperate climates. Additionally, the mechanisms by which shade and succulent crops photosynthesize, root, and accumulate biomass in response to environmental parameters are largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) that leads to uniform, high-quality, and rapid rooting of foliage crop cuttings. Vegetative shoot tip cuttings of Curio peregrinus ‘String of Thai Dolphins’ (dolphin plant), Curio rowleyanus ‘String of Pearls’ (string-of-pearls), Curio herreianus ‘String of Pearls Big Bead’ (string-of-pearls big bead), Peperomia obtusifolia ‘Emerald Isle’ (baby rubber plant), Peperomia ferreyrae ‘Happy Bean’ (pincushion peperomia), and Sedum makinoi ‘Tornado’ (stonecrop) were excised from stock plants. Then, the cuttings were inserted in plug trays filled with a propagation medium consisting of a 1:1 (v/v) of half 70% peatmoss, 21% perlite, and 9% vermiculite and half medium perlite. Then, the cuttings were placed under a DLI of approximately 5 mol·m−2·d−1 for 7 days of callus induction, and subsequently under shading of 70% (2.9–3.4 mol·m−2·d−1), 50% (4.5–6.5 mol·m−2·d−1), 30% (7.8–11.2 mol·m−2·d−1), or 0% (10.2–16.4 mol·m−2·d−1), resulting in DLIs ranging from 2.9 to 16.4 mol·m−2·d−1. After 21 days, the stem length of stonecrop and pincushion peperomia rooted cuttings decreased as the DLI increased from 2.9 to 16.4 mol·m−2·d−1. However, the stem length of string-of-pearls and string-of-pearls big beads rooted cuttings increased after 28 days as the DLI increased from 2.9 to 16.4 mol·m−2·d−1. As the DLI increased from 2.9 to 16.4 mol·m−2·d−1, the shoot dry mass of dolphin plant and baby rubber plant significantly increased by 168% and 189%, respectively. Additionally, the root dry mass of dolphin plant and baby rubber plant significantly increased by 376% and 50%, respectively. The quality index of all five cultivars was greatest under DLIs of 10.2 to 16.4 mol·m−2·d−1, with the exception of pincushion peperomia, which had the highest quality index under DLIs of 2.9 to 4.6 mol·m−2·d−1. Our findings indicate that higher DLIs benefit shoot growth during rooting, but not necessarily root biomass accumulation of all genera investigated.
Leaf Orientation Method as a Proxy for Sensing Nitrogen and Water Deficit in Tomato Plants
Authors: Othman Yahia A. , Leskovar Daniel
Published: November 2024

Precision field management and modeling crop growth requires precise, efficient, timely, nondestructive, and cost-effective measurements of structural component including leaf area index (LAI) and leaf orientation based on the foliage mean tilt angle (MTA), which is defined as the average leaf inclination angle of a canopy. Two experiments were carried out to investigate 1) the influence of different nitrogen (N) fertigation levels and 2) cycles of water deficit on leaf orientation (specifically, MTA) of young tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Florida 47). N rates were 10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg·L−1 (mg N per liter of water) and irrigation treatments were well-watered and deficit irrigation. MTA was measured using the LAI-2200C Plant Canopy Analyzer. Across the experimental period, low N supply to leaves reduced the angle between leaf petiole and stem (high MTA) and produced plants with more erect leaves compared with N-sufficient plants. The MTA for the 10 mg·L−1–N treatment ranged from 54.3° to 73.6° and higher levels of N (50 to 300 mg·L−1–N) had MTA between 36.4° and 51.9°. Compared with lower N level (10 mg·L−1), LAI of tomato plants fertigated with a nutrient solution containing 300 mg·L−1–N increased by 3.6- to 4.9-fold across the study period. Similarly, canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf N% values at 300 mg·L−1–N were 2- to 3-fold higher than at 10 mg·L−1–N. However, MTA did not consistently differ across the 100 to 300 mg·L−1–N rates. In terms of water treatments, MTA of well-watered plants ranged from 32.3° to 40.5° whereas the same plants at water-deficit level had MTA between 45.7° and 51.8°. Although the relationship between MTA and canopy LAI, NDVI as well as leaf N was inconsistent or not significant under well-watered and water-deficit conditions, leaf gas exchange components (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) showed a significant negative relationship (R2, 0.39–0.81, P < 0.001) with MTA. Overall, leaf orientation, specifically MTA, was modulated by N levels (highest at 10 mg·L−1; lowest at 300 mg·L−1–N) and cycles of water deficit and therefore, MTA determination hold promise as a nondestructive method to assess N and water deficit in young tomato plants.
Soil Organic Matter Influences Citrus Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Root System Architecture
Authors: Hallman Lukas M. , Fox John-Paul , Paoli Joseph P. , Hussain Khalid , Wright Alan L. , Rossi Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Florida citrus production faces multiple challenges, including low nutrient retention, low soil organic matter (SOM) and, more importantly, the devastating impacts of citrus greening, which is a bacterial disease that impacts root growth and nutrient uptake. Growers are exploring management practices to improve SOM and hoping to enhance tree health, nutrient uptake, and yield. Despite these efforts, research of the effects of SOM on citrus root systems and nutrient absorption remains limited, particularly that defining a target SOM range for optimal production. This study investigated the influence of varying SOM levels on citrus tree root system architecture, biomass, and nutrient uptake. This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse where 1-year-old ‘US-942’ rootstocks were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design and exposed to one of six experimental treatments with differing levels of SOM as the growing media [0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, or >10% (100% compost)]. Each pot was considered an experimental unit and replicated six times (n = 6), for a total of 36 seedlings. The results indicated that although root biomass did not change significantly, lower SOM levels resulted in longer roots with greater surface area and volume, likely because of increased soil exploration for nitrogen. Higher SOM treatments, however, showed improved leaf nutrient content, with increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that 3% SOM may be ideal for citrus because it positively impacted both root system architecture and nutrient uptake, which are both of primary concern because of citrus greening. Further research is necessary to establish critical SOM thresholds and evaluate the effects under field conditions and in combination with different irrigation and fertilizer regimes.
Integrated Weed Management in Cucurbit Production Using Spring-seeded Grass Cover Crops
Authors: Vollmer Kurt M. , Joseph Dwayne , Leslie Alan , Hooks Cerruti , Besançon Thierry E.
Published: November 2024

Achieving commercially acceptable weed control in plasticulture vegetable production systems can be challenging because many herbicides do no provide season-long control. Additionally, several weed species have recently evolved resistance to labeled herbicides. Consequently, multiple cultivations or frequent hand-weeding are needed to control emerged weeds. Cover crops have recently gained attention as a tool for helping to manage weeds. Field studies were conducted in Maryland and New Jersey to assess the efficacy of combining spring-seeded grass cover crops and herbicide treatments for weed control in cucumber and watermelon production. Three spring cover crop treatments consisting of cereal rye, spring oats, or cereal rye and spring oats were hand-broadcasted after laying plastic in Apr 2021 and 2022. Postplant treatments were applied to cover crops and emerged weeds 78 days later, ∼3 weeks after planting each crop. Postplant treatments included shielded herbicide applications (paraquat or clethodim) or crimping without an herbicide. Residual herbicide (fomesafen + S-metolachlor) was included or not with each postplant treatment. Cover crops decreased broadleaf weed density before and 2 weeks after postplant treatment (WAT) by 73% and 68%, respectively, and weed biomass 6 WAT by 84% compared with no cover. Terminating an oat cover crop with paraquat totally suppressed smooth pigweed 2 WAT compared with clethodim or crimping treatments. Overall, cover crop treatments showed 50% greater weed control compared with no cover. Weed control in the interrow area ranged from 90% to 95% when paraquat was applied to a cover crop compared with less than 75% following crimping a cover crop. Cucumber and watermelon commercial yield decreased 63% and 52%, respectively, when cover crops were not used. These results show that spring-seeded cereal cover crops can be successfully integrated with an herbicide strategy to provide effective weed control in cucurbit production.
Tecido sanguíneo e educação em saúde no âmbito escolar: um relato de experiência extensionista
Authors: CARVALHO Mariana Heloiza Ribeiro , MELO Gabriela Muniz de Albuquerque , SANTOS Brunna Lyana Cardoso dos , PEIXOTO Livia Vieira Do Carmo , FERNANDES Lavinia Alves , OLIVEIRA Maryna Roberta Santos , MACHADO Manuella Nunes , CAMPOS Ana Clara Salles , CARNAÚBA Aline Tenório Lins
Published: November 2024

A educação em saúde caracteriza-se como processo de construção da saúde por meio de ações educativas, promovendo na população a apropriação de um determinado tema. Este relato descreve a vivencia a partir de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido por discentes do segundo período do curso de Medicina, em conjunto com alunos de uma escola pública estadual de Maceió/AL. No qual abordou-se o tema tecido sanguíneo, tendo como foco o desenvolvimento de atividades voltadas à promoção da educação em saúde, utilizando como recursos atividades planejadas que possuíam intenção pedagógica. O ensino a respeito das características do sangue é fundamental, tendo em vista a sua importância no organismo e sua relação com doenças decorrentes de alterações sanguíneas. Posto isso, a ação de extensão ampliou a participação para além da sala de aula, sendo fundamental no aprendizado e desenvolvimento dos escolares.
Trials factor for semi-supervised NN classifiers in searches for narrow resonances at the LHC
Authors: Lieberman Benjamin , Dahbi Salah-Eddine , Crivellin Andreas , Stevenson Finn , Tripathi Nidhi , Kumar Mukesh , Mellado Bruce
Published: November 2024

To mitigate the model dependencies of searches for new narrow resonances at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), semi-supervised Neural Networks (NNs) can be used. Unlike fully supervised classifiers these models introduce an additional look-elsewhere effect in the process of optimising thresholds on the response distribution. We perform a frequentist study to quantify this effect, in the form of a trials factor. As an example, we consider simulated Z\gammaZγ data to perform narrow resonance searches using semi-supervised NN classifiers. The results from this analysis provide substantiation that the look-elsewhere effect induced by the semi-supervised NN is under control.
Impact of trust-building strategies on investment decisions: Mediating role of the financial advisor-client relationship
Authors: Kulal Abhinandan , Ur Rahiman Habeeb , Panakaje Niyaz , M. Riha Parvin S. , Kambali Ujwala , K. Madhura , N. Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Trust is a fundamental element in financial interactions, particularly in the advisory sector, influencing investment decisions and overall client satisfaction. This study aims to explore the impact of trust-building strategies on investment decisions through the financial advisor-client relationship. The research employs a structured questionnaire to gather data on trust-building strategies, the advisor-client relationship, and investment decisions. The study found that trust-building strategies, such as transparency and competence demonstration, positively influenced investor decisions. Specifically, 78% of investors reported increased confidence in their investment choices after engaging with advisors who prioritized transparency and expertise. Moreover, 85% of investors indicated a preference for advisors who demonstrated reliability and ethical conduct, leading to a stronger advisor-client relationship. The findings underscore the importance of trust in financial advisory services and suggest that enhancing trust through transparent practices can lead to more informed and collaborative decision-making processes. The study emphasizes the evolving nature of investment decision-making and proposes integrating technological innovations like AI and robo-advisors. The study provides valuable insights for financial institutions to invest in advisor training and guidance, benefiting all stakeholders involved.
ANTİK PERS (AKHAİMENİD) DÖNEMİ’NDE İKTİDARIN SEMBOLÜ: “BÜYÜK KRAL” İDEOLOJİSİ
Authors: Sezer Deniz Serhad
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada Akhaimenid Hanedanlığı Dönemi ele alınmış ve Büyük Kral’ın meşruiyetini kuvvetlendirmek için kullandığı heykel, kabartma, sikke ve yazıt gibi kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak; Antik Yunan kaynakları ile Avesta gibi kutsal metinlerden de yararlanılmıştır. Bu kaynaklarda Büyük Kral’ın kendi propagandasını yaparak, bu unvanla birlikte karizmatik bir hakimiyet anlayışı sergilediği görülmektedir. Pers kraliyet ideolojisiyle iç içe geçen ve bunu tamamlayan bir kavram olan Büyük Kral unvanı, aslında tüm dünyanın yöneticiliğini kapsayan, huzur ve barışı sağlayan bir lideri tasvir etmektedir. Büyük Kral, daima kendini Tanrı Ahuramazda’nın yeryüzündeki vekili olarak yansıtmakta ve onun tarafından seçildiğini söyleyerek iktidarını meşrulaştırmaktadır. II. Artakserkses Dönemi’nden itibaren Tanrı Ahuramazda’nın desteğinin yanı sıra Anahita ve Mithra’nın da yazıtlarda isimlerinin geçtiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu durum da kraliyet ideolojisinin somutlaştırılmış şekli olarak rahatlıkla tanımlanabilir. Ayrıca, Büyük Kral’ın iktidar inşasında Assur, Babil, Med, Elam ve Hellen medeniyetlerinden büyük oranda etkilendiği ve mevcut durumunu da geliştirerek kendi yönetim biçimini oluşturduğu tespit edilmektedir.
Comparison of reference libraries for the detection of tire-derived microplastics (TMPs)
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Sun Zizheng , Yanagihara Masami
Published: November 2024

Introducing microplastics (MPs) into the marine environment is a global problem. Tire-derived microplastics (TMPs) are estimated to account for 60% of all secondary MPs dispersed in aquatic environments. To effectively detect TMPs in environmental samples using micro-Fourier transform infrared (μFTIR) spectroscopy, a high-quality reference library is essential. However, the use of conventional diamond crystals in FTIR presents challenges for the detection of materials containing carbon black, such as rubber and tires. In addition, there is a discrepancy between spectra from standard libraries and spectra from environmental samples, which makes detection difficult. In order to overcome these problems in the detection of TMPs by μFTIR, we developed four reference libraries to improve the detection, and ‘The 26 tire wear library’ was found to be the best among these four. Furthermore, a comparison of these new libraries revealed the following requirements to improve TMP detection: (i) the reference spectra must be acquired under the same setup used for material observation including prism material, (ii) tires, not rubber, must be used as reference materials, and (iii) tire wear samples must be prepared to replicate the actual generation conditions on roads.
Holter Monitoring Analysis of Women Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Li Zhen-hua , Xie Bao-jiang , Yi Wei , Li Li , Wei Ya-xian , Yi Nuo , Lu Li-hong
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The aim of the study was to assess the clinical features of women infected
with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using Holter monitoring.

Methods:

Thirty-five female patients infected with HIV using a Holter monitor at the Ditan Hospital
were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

In terms of basic rhythms, there were 30 cases of sinus rhythm, 27 cases of ventricular
premature beat, 26 cases of supraventricular premature beat, 12 cases of mild reduction of HRV, 9
cases of normal heart rate variability (HRV), 8 cases of supraventricular tachycardia, 5 cases of abnormal
ST-segment changes and 2 cases of sinus bradycardia 2 cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
2 cases of junctional escape rhythm. There was only one case in each of the following ECG
changes: persistent atrial fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, couplet supraventricular premature beats,
accelerated idioventricular rhythm, sinoatrial block, second-degree Mobitz type I atrioventricular
block, second-degree Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, complete right bundle branch block,
T-wave abnormality, and significant reduction of HRV.

Conclusion:

The Holter monitor can show more changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of HIV--
positive patients, particularly significant ECG abnormalities, such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,
and can direct early clinical treatment to serious adverse results.