IMPLICATION OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AND ITS VALIDATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Hidayat Yumna , Arshad Iqra , Abid Zahra , Haider Salman , Fatima Muskan 
Published: January 2025

The perennial herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), known for its aromatic qualities, belongs to the Lamiaceae mint family. Throughout history, humanity has made use of rosemary, often referred to as the 'memory plant' within the mint family. Research has extensively explored the combination of medicinal plant preparations with antimicrobial agents, demonstrating significant reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these agents against resistant strains in vitro. These combined treatments have been characterized by their ability to modify resistance, often termed resistance-modifying activity (RMA). This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial properties of rosemary, utilizing response surface methodology. Natural extracts obtained from the plant using methanol, acetone, and ethanol were subjected to well-cut diffusion assays to assess their efficacy against various bacterial strains. The antimicrobial qualities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) are well known and are ascribed to its rich phytochemical composition. The findings show that extraction variables affect the antimicrobial properties of extract of rosemary and that RSM optimization can be used to determine the perfect circumstances. Through the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the antimicrobial capacity of the extract of rosemary is examined in the present research. The best circumstances for optimizing antimicrobial activity are identified by methodically adjusting extraction parameters such solvent type, extraction time, and temperature. Additionally, this research assesses how well extract from rosemary works in conjunction with other traditional antimicrobial medicines. The outcomes illustrate possibilities for uses of the extract of rosemary in a variety of industries by demonstrating its effective antibacterial properties under ideal circumstances. Using Response Surface Methodology, the current research examines the antimicrobial properties of the extract of rosemary (RSM). The methanol-based extract demonstrated the greatest effectiveness towards the strain Staphylococcus aureus (18.0 mm-32 mm) and moderate effectiveness against Escherichia coli (7.0 mm-26.0 mm). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is well-known for its abundance of bioactive substances, which have strong antimicrobial characteristics. These chemicals include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils. Applying the context of RSM (Response Surface Methodology) the experiment's design entailed optimizing extraction variables including the temperature, duration, and solvent concentration. An evaluation of the antimicrobial properties was conducted using an assortment of microorganisms that are pathogenic, comprising fungi and bacteria. The antimicrobial property of the extract of rosemary was found to be considerably impacted by the process of extraction variables, according to the findings. Furthermore, the best extraction circumstances for maximizing antimicrobial properties were identified by the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) optimization method. The results demonstrate the potential of the extract of rosemary as an effective antimicrobial and emphasize the use of RSM (Response Surface Methodology) in enhancing biological activity through the method of extraction optimization. The use of it in food preservation, medicines, and cosmetics is made possible by the methodical optimization of extraction variables, which also increases its antimicrobial properties. In order to fully understand the fundamental principles of its action and investigate the possible therapeutic uses of the extract of rosemary as a natural antimicrobial agent, additional study is necessary. This study advances the investigation of natural resources for the production of powerful antimicrobial compounds that may find use in a variety of sectors, such as medicine.