bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, mechanisms, and perceivability of combination tones in violins
Authors: Caselli Gabriele , Cecchi Giovanni , Masetti Giulio
Published: November 2022

Combination tones (CTs) generated by the inner ear have been widely investigated in the past, starting from the famous Tartini's “third tone.” Instead, much less attention has been dedicated to the CTs generated by musical instruments. In this paper, the CTs generated by a set of violins of different quality and age have been investigated when playing a selected set of dyads. CTs were found in all of the violins, and the strongest of them occurred at a frequency below the lower note of the dyad. Its amplitude was strongly dependent on violin and dyad played and was greatest in two old Italian violins and decreased down to a minimum in a factory-made violin. All of these findings are well explained by the boosting action of A0, the main air resonance of the violin that correlates well with the strongest CT. A listening test, performed using selected dyads and violins, showed that the differences between dyads with and without CTs were correctly recognized by a group of professional and amateur musicians, suggesting a possible musical significance of the main CT. The results investigating the possible source of violin nonlinearity are also described.
The beginning of time-frequency analysis
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: November 2022

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Fast grid-free strength mapping of multiple sound sources from microphone array data using a Transformer architecture
Authors: Kujawski Adam , Sarradj Ennes
Published: November 2022

Conventional microphone array methods for the characterization of sound sources that require a focus-grid are, depending on the grid resolution, either computationally demanding or limited in reconstruction accuracy. This paper presents a deep learning method for grid-free source characterization using a Transformer architecture that is exclusively trained with simulated data. Unlike previous grid-free model architectures, the presented approach requires a single model to characterize an unknown number of ground-truth sources. The model predicts a set of source components, spatially arranged in clusters. Integration over the predicted cluster components allows for the determination of the strength for each ground-truth source individually. Fast and accurate source mapping performance of up to ten sources at different frequencies is demonstrated and strategies to reduce the training effort at neighboring frequencies are given. A comparison with the established grid-based CLEAN-SC and a probabilistic sparse Bayesian learning method on experimental data emphasizes the validity of the approach.
Multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy as a tool to study heterogeneous mechanical behavior in soft solids
Authors: Ju Jianzhu , Cipelletti Luca , Zoellner Stephan , Narita Tetsuharu , Creton Costantino
Published: November 2022

Multiple speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS) can be applied to measure spatially heterogeneous mechanical behavior in soft solids, with high sensitivity to deformation and both spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we discuss the mathematical approach behind the quantification of the deformation rate from MSDWS data and provide guidelines for optimizing the selection of experimental parameters in measurements. After validating the method in extensional tests on an elastomer, we provide an example of the potentiality of MSDWS by measuring the spatial distribution of the deformation rate during shear debonding of adhesive tapes. We quantitatively characterize the deformation rate distribution related to shearing and peeling under loading. A highly heterogeneous deformation rate distribution is observed, and time-dependent measurements reveal an increase in deformation localization hundreds of seconds before full debonding. This behavior, previously predicted by theory and simulation, is demonstrated here experimentally for the first time.
Butyl rubber as a macro-cross-linker in the preparation of a shape-memory and self-healing polymer
Authors: Tavsanli Burak , Bilici Cigdem , Sungur Pelin , Ide Semra , Okay Oguz
Published: November 2022

Recently, a simple strategy was developed for preparing interconnected interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on butyl rubber (IIR) and poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PC18A). Solvent-free UV polymerization of n-octadecyl acrylate (C18A) monomer in the melt of IIR at ambient temperature resulted in IPNs with self-healing and shape-memory functions. Here, we demonstrate that the use of IIR grafted with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and 10-undecenoic acid instead of unmodified IIR provides a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of IPNs. Differential scanning calorimetry, small-angle x-ray scattering, and wide-angle x-ray scattering analysis reveal side-by-side packing of C18 side chains of PC18A to form lamellar crystals with a melting temperature Tm between 46 and 52 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates the existence of quasispherical nanoparticles composed of crystalline domains, which are dispersed in a continuous interpenetrating rubber-PC18A matrix. This microstructure provides them a complete self-recovery behavior induced by heating and an efficient shape-memory function. IPNs exhibit around tenfold higher chemical cross-link density as compared to those prepared from the native IIR, reflecting the effect of pendant vinyl groups on the extent of covalent interconnections between the IIR and PC18A components. The type of the grafted monomers significantly affects the mechanical performance of IPNs, which can be explained with the individual contributions of chemical and physical cross-links to the total cross-link density. The amount of the grafted rubbers in IPN could be further increased up to 80 wt. % by the incorporation of toluene into the reaction system, resulting in IPNs with a wide range of tunable thermal and mechanical properties.
Molecular weight effects on the stress-relaxation behavior of soft thermoplastic elastomer by means of temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR)
Authors: Sbrescia Simone , Engels Tom , Van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Seitz Michelle
Published: November 2022

The mechanical properties of multiblock copolymer thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are governed by the interplay of different reversible dynamics [e.g., hard block (HB) association and chain entanglements]. Understanding how these physical processes influence the high-temperature deformation behavior is relevant as many TPEs lose toughness with increasing temperature. Increasing molecular weight (Mw) improves their temperature resistance that is attributed to an increase in network connectivity. Indeed, longer chains are characterized by more HBs per chain and by a longer lifetime of the entanglements in the amorphous phase. Both the associating HB and disentanglement dynamics are temperature and rate dependent. To further understand the interconnected role of Mw, temperature and rate dependencies on the mechanical properties, we perform Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation (TSSR) tests. The method consists of measuring the stress relaxation of the materials as the temperature monotonically increases, allowing us to probe the stress response as the HBs progressively disassociate due to the increase in temperature. The results show that increasing Mw improves the high-temperature relaxation behavior, allowing the material to retain more stress than its low Mw counterpart as the temperature increases. This distinction does not show itself when performing standard small strain dynamic mechanical thermal analyses. Depending on the deformation experienced before the TSSR is performed, different relaxation behaviors are observed illustrating the importance of the current microstructure in determining the mechanical properties. The TSSR approach is well-suited to benchmark the high-temperature stress-bearing properties of network-based polymers whose morphology and, hence, properties are strongly deformation dependent.
Time-resolved microstructural changes in large amplitude oscillatory shear of model single and double component soft gels
Authors: Donley Gavin J. , Bantawa Minaspi , Del Gado Emanuela
Published: November 2022

Soft particulate gels can reversibly yield when sufficient deformation is applied, and the characteristics of this transition can be enhanced or limited by designing hybrid hydrogel composites. While the microscopic dynamics and macroscopic rheology of these systems have been studied separately in detail, the development of direct connections between the two has been difficult, particularly with regard to the nonlinear rheology. To bridge this gap, we perform a series of large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) numerical measurements on model soft particulate gels at different volume fractions using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We first study a particulate network with local bending stiffness and then we combine it with a second component that can provide additional cross-linking to obtain two-component networks. Through the sequence of physical processes (SPP) framework, we define time-resolved dynamic moduli, and by tracking the changes in these moduli through the period, we can distinguish transitions in the material behavior as a function of time. This approach helps us establish the microscopic origin of the nonlinear rheology by connecting the changes in dynamic moduli to the corresponding microstructural changes during the deformation including the nonaffine displacement of particles, and the breakage, formation, and orientation of bonds.
Exploiting the lower disorder-to-order temperature in polystyrene-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene triblock copolymers to increase their flow resistance at high temperature
Authors: Coutouly Clément , van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Ramos Laurence , Dieudonné-George Philippe , Fustin Charles-André
Published: November 2022

This work focuses on the temperature-dependent structural and rheological characterization of polystyrene-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene triblock copolymers (PS-b-PnBA-b-PS) in the melt and, in particular, on their ability to show a lower disorder-to-order temperature (LDOT). To this aim, copolymers of varying block lengths, but keeping the PnBA block as a major component, were synthesized. Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that the copolymers with short PS blocks (∼10 kg/mol) approach an LDOT but do not cross it. At room temperature, these copolymers exhibit higher moduli compared to a PnBA homopolymer due to the reinforcing effect of the PS but are flowing at temperatures above the glass transition of the PS. Increasing the PS and PnBA block length, to keep the same PS fraction, induces more profound changes in the structural and viscoelastic behaviors. Such a copolymer crosses the LDOT, leading to a microphase-separated and ordered state at high temperature. Contrary to the copolymers with short PS blocks, the flow regime was not reached, even at temperatures well above the glass transition of the PS. Instead, a low-frequency plateau was observed in rheology, showing the increased lifetime of the microphase-separated PS domains. ABA triblock copolymers exhibiting an LDOT behavior could, thus, be of interest for the design of thermoplastic elastomers or pressure-sensitive adhesives that can resist the flow at high temperatures.
Complement-ary immunity to lung cancer
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: November 2022

Restoring complement signaling in lung cancer enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy in mouse models.
Antigenic Characterization and Pandemic Risk Assessment of North American H1 Influenza A Viruses Circulating in Swine
Authors: Venkatesh Divya , Anderson Tavis K. , Kimble J. Brian , Chang Jennifer , Lopes Sara , Souza Carine K. , Pekosz Andrew , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Rothman Richard E. , Chen Kuan-Fu , Lewis Nicola S. , Vincent Baker Amy L.
Published: November 2022

Human H1 influenza A viruses (IAV) spread to pigs in North America, resulting in a sustained circulation of two major groups of H1 viruses in swine. We quantified the genetic diversity of H1 in swine and measured antigenic phenotypes.
Supplemental Material: Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Neoarchean tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneisses in the Xiwulanbulang area of the Yinshan block, North China craton
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Jian , al. et
Published: November 2022

Table S1: U-Pb dating results for zircons from the Xiwulanbulang tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneisses in the Yinshan block. Table S2: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) compositions of the Xiwulanbulang TTG gneisses in the Yinshan block. Table S3: Zircon Hf isotopic data for the Xiwulanbulang TTG gneisses in the Yinshan block. Table S4: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Xiwulanbulang TTG gneisses in the Yinshan block. Table S5: Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions of the Xiwulanbulang TTG gneisses in the Yinshan block.
Rituximab for steroid-resistant organising pneumonia in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Loftis Christine Elizabeth , Dulgheru Emilia , Kaplan Adolfo
Published: November 2022

Organising pneumonia (OP) is a form of interstitial pneumonia characterised by inflammation and scarring leading to obstruction within the small airways and alveoli. Practice guidelines recommend treatment of moderate to severe OP with glucocorticoids; however, there have been cases of steroid-resistant OP successfully treated with rituximab. We describe a case of a woman in her 20s with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis and dyspnoea on exertion and was diagnosed with OP after multiple radiographic images and biopsies. The patient failed numerous treatment regimens, including corticosteroids, antibiotics and mycophenolate, but was successfully treated with rituximab. This case highlights the importance of identifying new therapeutic agents that will minimise the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of OP.
Process evaluation of in-person, news and social media engagement of a community-based programme Brown Buttabean Motivation (BBM): a research protocol
Authors: Savila Fa’asisila , Bamber Anele , Smith Sandra , Fernandez Karen V , Harding Truely , Letele Dave , van der Werf Bert , Loheni Mia , Bagg Warwick , Swinburn Boyd , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The community group Brown Buttabean Motivation (BBM) initially began to assist Auckland Pasifika and Māori to manage weight problems, predominantly through community-based exercise sessions and social support. BBM’s activities expanded over time to include many other components of healthy living in response to community need. With advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, BBM outreach grew to include a foodbank distributing an increasing amount of donated healthy food to families in need, a community kitchen and influenza and COVID-19 vaccine drives. A strong social media presence has served as the main means of communication with the BBM community as well as use of traditional news media (written, radio, television) to further engage with vulnerable members of the community.

Methods and analysis

The study aims to conduct mixed method process evaluation of BBM’s community engagement through in-person, social and news media outreach activities with respect to the health and well-being of Pasifika and Māori over time. The project is informed by theoretical constructs including Pacific Fa’afaletui and Fonofale and Māori Te Whare Tapa Whā Māori research frameworks and principles of Kaupapa Māori. It is further framed using the concept of community-driven diffusion of knowledge and engagement through social networks. Data sources include in-person community engagement databases, social and news media outreach data from archived documents and online resources. Empirical data will undergo longitudinal and time series statistical analyses. Qualitative text thematic analyses will be conducted using the software NVivo, Leximancer and AntConc. Image and video visual data will be randomly sampled from two social media platforms. The social media dataset contains almost 8000 visual artefacts.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval obtained from University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee UAHPEC 23456. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed publications, disseminated through community meetings and conferences and via BBM social network platforms.

Trial registration number

ACTRN 12621 00093 1875
Cognitive Outcomes in the Pragmatic Investigation of optimaL Oxygen Targets (CO-PILOT) trial: protocol and statistical analysis plan
Authors: Mart Matthew F , Semler Matthew W , Bernard Gordon , Casey Jonathan D , Ely E Wesley , Freundlich Robert , Jackson James C , Kiehl Amy L , Jenkins Cathy , Wang Guanchao , Lindsell Christopher , Bryant Patsy , Rice Todd W , Self Wesley H , Stollings Joanna , Wanderer Jonathan P , Wang Li , Han Jin Ho
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Long-term cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of critical illness among survivors who receive mechanical ventilation. Recommended oxygen targets during mechanical ventilation vary among international guidelines. Different oxygen targets during mechanical ventilation have the potential to alter long-term cognitive function due to cerebral hypoxemia or hyperoxemia. Whether higher, intermediate or lower SpO2targets are associated with better cognitive function at 12-month follow-up is unknown.

Methods and analysis

ThePragmaticInvestigation of optimaL OxygenTargets (PILOT) trial is an ongoing pragmatic, cluster-randomised, cluster-crossover trial comparing the effect of a higher SpO2target (target 98%, goal range 96%–100%), an intermediate SpO2target (target 94%, goal range 92%–96%) and a lower SpO2target (target 90%, goal range 88%–92%) on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit at a single centre in the USA. For this ancillary study of long-termCognitiveOutcomes (CO-PILOT), survivors of critical illness who are in the PILOT trial and who do not meet exclusion criteria for CO-PILOT are approached for consent. The anticipated number of patients for whom assessment of long-term cognition will be performed in CO-PILOT is 612 patients over 36 months of enrolment. Cognitive, functional and quality of life assessments are assessed via telephone interview at approximately 12 months after enrolment in PILOT. The primary outcome of CO-PILOT is the telephone version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A subset of patients will also complete a comprehensive neuropsychological telephone battery to better characterise the cognitive domains affected.

Ethics and dissemination

The CO-PILOT ancillary study was approved by the Vanderbilt Institutional Review Board. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at one or more scientific conferences.
Circadian regulation of genetic and hormonal risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women
Authors: Rabinovich-Nikitin Inna , Crandall Molly , Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
Published: November 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, sex differences can impact differently the etiology and outcome of cardiovascular disease when comparing men and women. Women have unique genetic and hormonal risk factors that can be associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, certain phenotypes of cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent to women. Molecular clocks control circadian rhythms of different physiological systems in our body, including the cardiovascular system. Increased evidence in recent years points to a link between cardiovascular disease and regulation by circadian rhythms. However, the difference between circadian regulation of cardiovascular disease in women and men is poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in circadian-regulated cardiovascular diseases with a specific focus on the pathogenesis of heart disease in women. Understanding circadian-regulated pathways and sex-specific differences between men and women may contribute to better diagnosis and development of sex-targeted interventions to better treat cardiovascular diseases.
Gödel-type solutions in $$f(R,T,R_{\mu \nu } T^{\mu \nu }$$) gravity
Authors: Gonçalves J. S. , Santos A. F.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, $$f(R,T,R_{\mu \nu } T^{\mu \nu }$$

f
(
R
,
T
,

R

μ
ν

T

μ
ν

) gravity is considered. It is a modified theory of gravity that exhibits a strong coupling of gravitational and matter fields. Therefore, if gravity is governed by this model a number of issues must be re-examined. In this context, the question of causality and its violation is studied. Such analysis is carried out using the Gödel-type solutions. It is shown that this model allows both causal and non-causal solutions. These solutions depend directly on the content of matter present in the universe. For the non-causal solution, a critical radius is calculated, beyond which causality is violated. Taking different matter contents, an infinite critical radius emerges that leads to a causal solution. In this causal solution, a natural relationship emerges between the parameters that determine the matter considered.
THE PROLIFERATION OF COVID-19 IN SAUDI ARABIA ACCORDING TO GOMPERTZ MODEL
Authors: DHAHBI ANIS BEN , CHARGUI YASSINE , BOULAARAS SALAH , RAHALI SEYFEDDINE , MHAMDI ABADA
Published: November 2022

Mathematical modeling can be a powerful tool to predict disease spread in large populations as well as to understand different factors which can impact it such as social distancing and vaccinations. This study aimed to describe the spread the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Saudi Arabia using a simple discrete variant of the Gompertz model. Unlike time-continuous models which are based on differential equations, this model treats time as a discrete variable and is then represented by a first-order difference equation. Using this model, we performed a short-term prediction of the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the country and we show that the results match the confirmed reports.
Generative Models: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Sankaran Kris , Holmes Susan P.
Published: November 2022

By linking conceptual theories with observed data, generative models can support reasoning in complex situations. They have come to play a central role both within and beyond statistics, providing the basis for power analysis in molecular biology, theory building in particle physics, and resource allocation in epidemiology, for example. We introduce the probabilistic and computational concepts underlying modern generative models and then analyze how they can be used to inform experimental design, iterative model refinement, goodness-of-fit evaluation, and agent based simulation. We emphasize a modular view of generative mechanisms and discuss how they can be flexibly recombined in new problem contexts. We provide practical illustrations throughout, and code for reproducing all examples is available at https://github.com/krisrs1128/generative_review . Finally, we observe how research in generative models is currently split across several islands of activity, and we highlight opportunities lying at disciplinary intersections.
Heterogeneous Bimetallic (La–Fe) Metal-Organic-Frameworks as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Chinnapaiyan Sathishkumar , Tanaya Das Himadri , Govindasamy Mani , Alothman Asma A. , Ouladsmane Mohamed , Huang Chi-Hsien
Published: November 2022

The thriving energy demand of the gradually increasing population and modernized life style requires development in energy storage devices for usage in commercial electronic devices. The synthesized La-Fe MOFs was found electrochemically active and its electrochemical performances as battery-type electrode. In this work, an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on La–Fe MOFs was developed for the detection of chlorambucil (CBL) and paracetamol (PCT). Further modification of La–Fe MOFs can improve the high surface area and catalytic capability of the composites. Under the optimal detection conditions, the prepared sensor has good linearity in the detection of CBL and PCT within range 0.05–265μM. The limit of detection (LOD) of CBL and PCT is 18.4 nM and 15.6 nM, respectively. The real sample analysis, stability and selectivity of the sensors were analyzed. The electrochemically active La–Fe MOFs exhibited with higher charge storage capacity. The La–Fe MOFs exhibited specific capacity as high as 171 C g−1at a constant applied current density of 1.5 A g−1in 1 M KOH. The addition of Fe to the La-MOFs has helped to overcome the issues and achieve a better electrochemical performance. It can be a promising candidate for electrochemical energy storage device to meet the global energy demand.
Improved Bifunctional Catalytic Performance of FeNiMoB Ribbons in Alkaline Electrolyte by Dealloying
Authors: Qian Haixia , Sun Jizhi , Lu Xuanjin , Liao Sunde , Fan Xinfeng , Xiong Xinbo , Xie Shenghui , Zeng Xierong
Published: November 2022

Designing low-cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media remains challenging. In this paper, we fabricated electrocatalyst with nanoporous structures by means of dealloying. The treatment process generates a large number of nanopores on the surface of the alloy, which allows the electrocatalyst with this structure to have high electrocatalytic activity. The electrocatalyst, prepared by dealloying at 30 °C for 2 h, can reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with small HER and OER overpotentials of only 144 mV and 260 mV in 1 M KOH solution, respectively. Both HER and OER can be maintained for 20 h at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. When the 30 °C–2 h FeNiMoB ribbons were used as both anode and cathode in a two-electrode water electrolysis system, the electrodes showed a low cell voltage of 1.68 V at 10 mA·cm−2 and excellent stability for 70 h. This work provides ideas for the application of transition metal borides (TMBs) in bifunctional electrocatalysis.
Shape Control of Metal Nanostructures by Electrodeposition and their Applications in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yeo Kyeong-Rim , Eo Jooyoung , Kim Myung Jun , Kim Soo-Kil
Published: November 2022

The 3D structure of metal deposits significantly impacts the electrocatalytic performance of these materials. The topic has been extensively researched because meaningful structural control of metal and alloy deposits can greatly improve electrochemical energy conversion and storage performance. This review describes several means of controlling metal-nanoparticle structure using electrodeposition. Hard templates, such as anodized aluminum oxide, polycarbonate membranes, and polystyrene particles, can dictate the location of metal growth when used in conjunction with electrochemical deposition. Nanowires, nanobarcodes, nanotubes, and inverse opal metal structures have been created by this approach. Gas evolution at the surface during metal deposition induces the formation of metal foams with high porosity. Pulse electrodeposition is an effective means of modulating the structures of metal deposits when applied under mass transfer-limited conditions and/or in the presence of additives. This review provides representative examples of 3D metal-nanostructure fabrication via electrodeposition and its applications in methanol/ethanol oxidation, water splitting, and CO2 reduction reactions.
Enhancing Heat Removal and H2O Retention Capability of Passive Air-Cooled Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by Tailoring Cathode Flow-Field Design
Authors: Lim Kisung , Jung Yoonju , Vaz Neil , Alam Afroz , Chinannai Muhammad faizan , Salihi Hassan , Ju Hyunchul
Published: November 2022

This paper reports novel cathode flow-field designs for passive typed air-cooled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to help alleviate electrolyte dehydration and performance degradation issues under excess dry air supply conditions. The proposed flow-field designs include 7 three-dimensional (3D) patterned designs in addition to a parallel channel configuration equipped with rectangular baffles to control the airflow for more efficient heat removal. The designs were evaluated numerically using 3D, two-phase PEMFC simulations. Compared to a typical parallel flow channel configuration, the proposed flow-field designs show better heat removal and water retention capability. The improvement in single cell voltage was around 13–75 mV at an operating current density of 0.5 A cm−2, whereas the larger pressure drops around

∆
P

= 6.9–317.6 Pa cm−1 were required because of the more complex flow-field configurations compared to the simple straight parallel channel geometry (

∆
P

= 7.4 Pa cm−1). This work presents a comprehensive understanding of air-cooled PEMFC operating characteristics under excessive dry air supply conditions and a new design strategy for cathode flow-fields.
Spatially Resolved Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Subjected to Accelerated Aging Conditions
Authors: Sharma Preetam , Bera Bapi , Aaron Douglas , Besli Muenir Mustafa , Kuppan Saravanan , Cheng Lei , Braaten Jonathan , Craig Nathan , Stewart Sarah , Metzger Michael , Johnston Christina , Mench Matthew M.
Published: November 2022

This work quantifies in-plane spatial heterogeneity (polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathode inlet vs outlet) in Pt particle size growth and distribution as a function of nitrogen (N2) flow rate during a square-wave accelerated stress test (AST). The average Pt particle sizes for membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) subjected to N2 flow rates ranging from 4–16 sccm cm−2 are in the range 9–10.5 nm at the end-of-life (EOL) with similar electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) loss (∼65%). However, Pt particle size at EOL exhibits spatial heterogeneity: greater Pt particle size growth occurs near the flow field outlet than the inlet. The spatial heterogeneity for a fully-humidified N2 flow is believed to originate from non-uniform humidification (outlet is more humidified than the inlet) across the cell for a co-flow arrangement. A first-order rate model for ECSA loss predicts linear increase of the rate constant with N2 flow rate. The polarization losses of the aged MEAs over a wide range of operating conditions increase with N2 flow rate. From the results of this work, for holistically assessing durability of Pt catalysts in fuel cells at high humidity conditions, it is recommended to include purge gas flow rate as a stressor during an AST.
Novel Co MOF with Ionic Liquid Comprised Portable Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Point-of-Care Detection of a Breast Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Luo Aiqin , Cai Yanhui , Liu Miao , Tang Shanshan , Zhu Ziyu , Haotian Ruilin , Xie Bingteng , Yi Yue , Hao Zikai , Liang Axin
Published: November 2022

A cobalt metal-organic framework (Co MOF)-ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposite comprising the base matrix of the electrode was developed with electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) consisting of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a biomarker of breast cancer. Firstly, Co MOF was synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis, which was used as an electrically conductive skeleton and functionalized with an IL. Then, CEA was employed as a template in the electropolymerization of oPD-imprinted films on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Finally, the template protein was removed to form a molecularly imprinted film capable of qualitatively and quantitatively signaling CEA. Under optimized conditions, the sensor for CEA exhibits a wide detection range of 1.0 × 10−4−10 ng·ml−1 (0.32 V vs Ag/AgCl) with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.024 pg·ml−1 and 0.082 pg·ml−1, respectively. Besides, other parameters including the selectivity, reproducibility (RSD 2.2%), and recovery rate (92.16%–103.35%) are all satisfactory. The proposed strategy provides a new route for the development of rapid breast cancer diagnostic tools.
Comparative Characterization of Trends and Patterns of Physical and Chemical Attributes of Optimal and Traditional Processed Cowpea Leaves
Authors: Owade Joshua Ombaka , Abong’ George Ooko , Okoth Michael Wandayi , Mwang’ombe Agnes Wakesho
Published: November 2022

Seasonality in the availability of cowpea leaves has often limited their utilization and thus the promotion of preservation techniques that convert the vegetables into storable and stable forms. The recommendations for the use of highly mechanized techniques in preservation are brought into question due to limited affordability among resource-constrained households that prefer less costly approaches. Therefore, this study used statistical techniques of principal component analysis to comparatively evaluate the trends of physicochemical quality of the two diverse approaches of processing cowpea leaves. The study evaluated dehydrated cowpea leaves of different processing techniques from farmer groups and optimally processed using modern techniques for nutritional composition, phytochemical compounds, and colour changes. Sun drying techniques that excluded blanching had the least content of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid, 2.65 ± 0.95 and 21.80 ± 1.24 mg/100 g dry weight basis (dwb), respectively, accompanied by the most significant (

p
<
0.001

) deterioration of colour (7.74 ± 3.49) than techniques that included. Whereas the antinutrients declined, the difference did not significantly differ (

p
>
0.05

) based on preservation techniques. With factor analysis determining optimal nutritional quality for cowpea leaves at 8 weeks after emergence, sun drying had the highest loss of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid, 66.7–80.1% and 53.7%–58.3%, respectively (

p
<
0.001

), whereas mineral leaching, reduction of antinutrients, and colour changes were more pronounced in dehydration techniques incorporating fermentation as pretreatment. For the traditional preservation techniques, increasing retention of minerals resulted in aggravated losses of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid, whereas in the mechanized techniques, this was not the case. In concluding that the mechanized techniques have a better combination of attenuating losses of micronutrients, the study recommends that in promoting the utilization of traditional preservation techniques, low-cost processes like steam blanching can help improve the nutritional quality of the product.
Modified Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for DC-DC Buck Power Converter with Switching Frequency Regulation
Authors: Balta Güven , Güler Naki , Altin Necmi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a modified fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) with a fixed switching frequency is proposed for regulating the output voltage of the DC-DC buck converters. The design steps of the proposed FTSMC such as the selection of sliding surface, switching control strategy, existence, robustness, and stability analysis are presented in detail. To overcome the variable switching frequency in FTSMC, a frequency control loop is designed. Moreover, the proposed FTSMC with fixed switching frequency can be implemented by using only one voltage sensor. Hence, the proposed control method not only offers a fast dynamic response and fixed switching frequency but also simplifies the controller design in practical implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed control methods has been investigated by experimental studies. The results reveal that the proposed methods exhibit a good performance under both steady-state and dynamic transients caused by the variations in load resistance, input voltage, and reference voltage. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with four existing methods.
An Extension of Bonferroni Mean under Cubic Pythagorean Fuzzy Environment and Its Applications in Selection-Based Problems
Authors: Rahim Muhammad , Amin Fazli , Ali Asad , Shah Kamal
Published: November 2022

Cubic Pythagorean fuzzy (CPF) set (CPFS) is a hybrid set that can describe both interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (IVPF) sets (IVPFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) sets (PFSs) simultaneously for addressing information ambiguities. Since an aggregation operator (AO) is a significant mathematical approach in decision-making (DM) problems, this article presents some novel Bonferroni mean (BM) and weighted Bonferroni mean averaging operators between CPF-numbers (CPFNs) for aggregating the different preferences of the decision-makers. Then, using the proposed AOs, we develop a DM approach under the CPF environment and demonstrated it with a numerical example. Furthermore, a comparative study between the proposed and existing methods has been performed to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed DM approach.
Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Genetic Diversities of Clostridium difficile in Meat Nuggets from Various Sources in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Filabadi Parvin , Rahimi Ebrahim , Shakerian Amir , Esfandiari Zahra
Published: November 2022

Clostridium difficile is recognized as one of the leading causes of diarrhea and is responsible for almost all cases of pseudomembranous colitis. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversities of Clostridium difficile contamination in meat nuggets in Isfahan (Iran). To achieve this, 100 samples of chicken, ostrich, quail, shrimp, fish, and beef nuggets were collected by the simple random sampling method from the market of Isfahan from July 2018 to July 2019. Microbiological analyses were performed on each collected sample to isolate and identify C. difficile strains. Susceptibility of the isolated strains to antibiotics was assessed by the Kirby–Bauer method. The PCR technique was used to identify the genes responsible for producing toxins. Of the 600 food samples, 7 C. difficile strains were found, representing a prevalence of 1.17%. Based on the obtained antibiogram results, the highest resistance was related to ampicillin (100%) and then amoxicillin (85.72%), and the highest susceptibility was related to vancomycin (100%) and metronidazole (85.72%). Concerning the identification of the genes responsible for the production of the toxins, it appears that que 4 samples (57.14%) had tcdA genes, 2 samples (14.57%) had tcdC genes, and 7 samples (100%) had tcdB genes. The cdtA and cdtB genes were observed in only one positive sample on beef. This study showed the presence of C. difficile in the analyzed food products. The isolated strains are toxigenic and resistant to antibiotics, except for vancomycin. A mutation would be the basis for the absence of the tcdC gene in the genome of all isolates.
Osteosarcoma in the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Ijeoma Bobby , Avadhani Vaidehi , Zheng Stephanie , Moore Charles
Published: November 2022

Primary osteosarcomas are rarely seen in areas other than bone, although they can occur in sites such as the thigh, anal region, hand, etc. We present a case of primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the thyroid, of which there are only 29 previous reported cases. Presentations and treatment options for this type of tumor vary. Through this case report, we discuss the similarities and differences of the patient’s presentation compared with other documented cases, imaging, the rationale behind treatment, and the current clinical course.
A Pathogenic Variant of PBX1 Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing in a Chinese CAKUTHED Case
Authors: Nie Ling , Li Yan , Xiao Tangli , Zhang Bo , Zhao Jinghong , Hou Weiping
Published: November 2022

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, abnormal ears, or developmental delay (CAKUTHED) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder and variants in PBX1 are involved in the etiology of this syndrome. Precise diagnosis is difficult without genetic test. We described a Chinese CAKUTHED patient, whose characteristics were collected from medical records. The potential responsible variants were explored by whole exome sequencing. A heterozygous variant in the PBX1 gene (NM_002585 c.862C>T, p.R288*) was found in the proband, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This heterozygous variant in the PBX1 gene was the molecular pathogenic basis of this disorder. It is necessary to perform a genetic test for diagnosing chronic nephritis with unknown reason.
Positive Predictions of International Institutions, Demographic Bonuses and Covid-19: Will Indonesia Really Enjoy the Demographic Bonus Amid the Raging Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Susdarwono Endro Tri
Published: November 2022

This study aims to provide a description of the positive predictions of international institutions, demographic bonuses and covid-19: will Indonesia really enjoy the demographic bonus in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic? This study uses a qualitative method that uses a type of literature study which is carried out by examining several theories that depart from a problem then analyzed from various literatures ranging from available journals, the internet, and various existing facts. The data collection method used is through data reduction techniques, namely the selection, simplification, and transportation of data so that results or conclusions are drawn up systematically. This study concludes that the experiences of South Korea, China, and the United States are very different from Indonesia, these countries can enjoy a demographic bonus without any barrier variables in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the demographic bonus with the growth of baby boomers in the Golden Indonesia era was obtained by this extraordinary event. Both indicators and parameters will of course differ from these countries. So this is a very big gamble for Indonesia to be in accordance with what has been predicted by the international institutions or vice versa.
Masalah Kesehatan Pekerja di Indonesia Terhadap Loss Productivity
Authors: Hasibuan Johannes
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesehatan yang buruk terhadap hilangnya waktu produktif pekerja di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2007 dan 2014. Sampel adalah pekerja usia 15 tahun ke atas dengan kegiatan utama individu adalah bekerja. Ukuran kesehatan pekerja pada kuesioner IFLS adalah pertanyaan apakah responden memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis Metode estimasi fixed effect  digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan kesehatan terhadap loss productivity.. Hasil estimasi memberikan hasil bahwa gangguan pencernaan memberikan efek terbesar terhadap terganggunya aktivitas bekerja sebesar 1,7 hari dan penyakit stroke memberikan efek tertinggi terhadap terganggunya seluruh total aktivitas sebesar 0,8 hari. Kesimpulan Human capital adalah faktor dari produktivitas ekonomi, oleh karena itu mencegah penyakit dan menjaga kesehatan pekerja perlu dilakukan terutama penyakit kronis.
Perbandingan Performa ETS dan ARIMA dalam Pemodelan Harga CPO
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Lestari Wahyu Puji , Nursaskiawati Maydita Ayu , Indryani Erica
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan performa model Autoregresif Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) dan eksponensial smoothing Error, Trend, Seasonal (ETS) pada peramalan harga bulanan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Data yang digunakan dari Juni 1992 sampai Juni 2022. Data harga CPO tidak stationer pada data level tetapi stationer pada data difference pertama. Berdasarkan kriteria AIC, BIC, RMSE dan MAPE terkecil model ARIMA lebih baik dalam menggambarkan pola harga CPO dibandingkan model ETS. Diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif sehingga harga CPO tetap stabil.
Incidental Loaning and the Babylonian Context of Second Isaiah
Authors: Boyd Samuel L. , Stackert Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

The social location of Second Isaiah has been an issue of renewed scholarly debate in the past decade. In this debate, H. G. M. Williamson has called attention to the role of terminology in identifying the probable geographical provenance of this portion of Isaiah. In this article, we examine an instance of language contact in Isa 47:2 and argue that the hapax legomenon
שׁבל is a loan from the Akkadian root špl, perhaps the specific lexeme šaplû or šapiltu, referring to the “lower part (of the body).” In doing so, we propose that this term is an incidental loan, namely, a borrowing that evinces general contact with the author’s Babylonian surroundings but exhibits no polemic against the empire. That this borrowing was not ideologically motivated is significant, we suggest, for it increases the likelihood that the loan occurred in a Babylonian locale. The argument for Babylonian provenance is buttressed further by parallels observed in Ezek 16, another prophetic text that apparently originated in Babylon and that contains phrasing, literary conventions, and evidence of language contact similar to that in Isa 47. These features, we suggest, are part of an evolving rhetoric within an identifiable segment of exilic and post-exilic biblical prophecy.
Samson’s Lion Encounter (Judges 14:5–6) and Persian Period Leonine Iconography
Authors: Walker M. Justin
Published: November 2022

This essay addresses the composition of Samson’s lion encounter (Judg 14:5–6) in two parts. First, the narrative of the lion encounter is considered in its literary context (Judg 14:5–6), with particular attention to three difficulties or ambiguities in the narrative arrangement: the presence/absence of the parents, verbal repetition, and the meaning of the חידה. The incongruity of these details indicates redactional seams that, as the present essay argues, might be explained with reference to a Persian period compositional setting of Judg 14:3–6. Second, as supporting evidence for this hypothesis, the essay contextualizes Samson’s lion encounter with reference to Persian period leonine iconography. Two major iconographic motifs are considered—the “heroic encounter” and Herakles depictions—both in their broader settings (the ancient Near East and Greece respectively) and in specific Levantine examples. These artifacts serve to fill out Samson’s heroic characterization and to provide tantalizing material evidence for a possible Persian period setting of this episode in the Samson narrative.
Do Emerging Trends in Climate Litigation Signal a Potential Cause of Action in Negligence against Corporations by the Australian Public?
Authors: Popa Tina , Kallies Anne , Johnston Vanessa , Belfrage-Maher Gabriella
Published: November 2022

Over the past two decades a global jurisprudential trend of domestic climate litigation against governments and companies has emerged. One avenue for litigation against these entities is tort law. The tort of negligence could provide access to compensation for aggrieved individuals and groups. Using the example of Australia, this article discusses whether the emergence of climate tort cases, an increasing drive to hold corporations responsible for climate change, and a company focus on voluntary climate action, could lead to the emergence of a new duty of care by corporate actors toward non-shareholders. We highlight opportunities and barriers to the further development of negligence law as a cause of action against corporations for harms related to climate change.