bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rise in Albuminuria and Blood Pressure in Patients Who Progressed to Diabetic Nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: THOMAS WILLIAM , SHEN YINGJIA , MOLITCH MARK E. , STEFFES MICHAEL W.
Published: April 2021

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) enrolled 1441 participants to address the role of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus on the onset and progression of microvascular complications. To examine the timing of elevated systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and increased albumin excretion rate (AER) in the progression to clinical diabetic nephropathy (AER > 300 mg/24 h on two consecutive visits from a baseline of <100 mg/24 h) and, importantly, to control for initial values of hemoglobin A1c, a retrospective case-control study was assembled from the records of the publicly released DCCT data. Participants who progressed to clinical diabetic nephropathy—progressors—were matched with participants of the same gender and treatment group who had similar baseline values for DBP, SBP, AER AER and hemoglobin A1c, but who did not progress to clinical diabetic nephropathy—matched controls. In the conventional treatment group, the 21 progressors exhibited a significant rise in mean AER (above their own baseline levels and above values in the matched controls) at year 2 of the DCCT. In contrast, the progressors' mean DBP and SBP were not significantly higher than baseline until year 3 (DBP) or year 4 (SBP) and not significantly higher than the matched controls until year 4 (both DBP and SBP). On the individual level, 19 of 21 (90%) progressors reached clinical diabetic nephropathy before the diagnosis of hypertension (140/90 mmHg). In the intensive treatment group, however, the rise in DBP preceded the rise in AER by 1 to 2 yr among the six progressors. Both intensively treated progressors who experienced hypertension reached this before AER > 300 mg/24 h. These results underline the early and prognostic rise in AER in diabetic patients, but only in those who received conventional treatment. The evolution of diabetic renal disease may follow a different course in patients who receive intensive diabetic treatment.
Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria Is Not Caused by Mutations in the Na/Pi Cotransporter NPT2 Gene
Authors: JONES ANDREW O. , TZENOVA JORDANA , FRAPPIER DANIELLE , CRUMLEY M. JOYCE , ROSLIN NICOLE M. , KOS CLAUDINE H. , TIEDER MARTIN , LANGMAN CRAIG B. , PROESMANS WILLEM , CARPENTER THOMAS O. , RICE ALLAN , ANDERSON DONALD , MORGAN KENNETH , FUJIWARA T. MARY , TENENHOUSE HARRIET S.
Published: April 2021

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH), a renal phosphate (Pi) wasting disease first described in an extended Bedouin kindred, is characterized by hypophosphatemia, elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, hypercalciuria, rickets, and osteomalacia. Correction of all abnormalities, except for renal Pi wasting, can be achieved by oral Pi supplementation. These findings and the demonstration that mice that are homozygous for the disrupted Na/Pi cotransporter gene Npt2 exhibit many of the biochemical features of HHRH suggested that mutations in the human orthologue NPT2 might be responsible for HHRH. The NPT2 gene in affected individuals from the Bedouin kindred and four small families was screened for mutations to test this hypothesis. No putative disease-causing mutation was found. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), a silent substitution in exon 7 and a nucleotide substitution in intron 4, were identified, and neither consistently segregated with HHRH in the Bedouin kindred. Linkage analysis indicated that the two NPT2 intragenic SNP as well as five microsatellite markers in the NPT2 gene region were not linked to HHRH in the Bedouin kindred. Therefore, this is evidence to exclude NPT2 as a candidate gene for HHRH in the families that were studied.
Chronic Humoral Rejection
Authors: MAUIYYEDI SHAMILA , PELLE PATRICIA DELLA , SAIDMAN SUSAN , COLLINS A. BERNARD , PASCUAL MANUEL , TOLKOFF-RUBIN NINA E. , WILLIAMS WINFRED W. , COSIMI A. BENEDICT , SCHNEEBERGER EVELINE E. , COLVIN ROBERT B.
Published: April 2021

The pathogenesis of chronic renal allograft rejection (CR) remains obscure. The hypothesis that a subset of CR is mediated by antidonor antibody was tested by determining whether C4d is deposited in peritubular capillaries (PTC) and whether it correlates with circulating antidonor antibodies. All cases (from January 1, 1990, to July 31, 1999) that met histologic criteria for CR and had frozen tissue (28 biopsies, 10 nephrectomies) were included. Controls were renal allograft biopsies with chronic cyclosporine toxicity (n = 21) or nonspecific interstitial fibrosis (n = 10), and native kidneys with end-stage renal disease (n = 10) or chronic interstitial fibrosis (n = 5). Frozen sections were stained by two-color immunofluorescence for C4d, type IV collagen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I. Antidonor HLA antibody was sought by panel-reactive antibody analysis and/or donor cross matching in sera within 7 wk of biopsy. Overall, 23 of 38 CR cases (61%) had PTC staining for C4d, compared with 1 of 46 (2%) of controls (P < 0.001). C4d in PTC was localized at the interface of endothelium and basement membrane. Most of the C4d-positive CR tested had antidonor HLA antibody (15 of 17; 88%); none of the C4d-negative CR tested (0 of 8) had antidonor antibody (P < 0.0002). The histology of C4d-positive CR was similar to C4d-negative CR, and 1-yr graft survival rates were 62% and 25%, respectively (P = 0.05). Since August 1998, five of six C4d-positive CR cases have been treated with mycophenolate mofetil ± tacrolimus with a 100% 1-yr graft survival, versus 40% before August 1998 (P < 0.03). These data support the hypothesis that a substantial fraction of CR is mediated by antibody (immunologically active). C4d can be used to separate this group of CR from the nonspecific category of chronic allograft nephropathy and may have the potential to guide successful therapeutic intervention.
Transferrin Synthesis Is Increased in Nephrotic Patients Insufficiently to Replace Urinary Losses
Authors: PRINSEN BERTHIL H. C. M. T. , DE SAIN-VAN DER VELDEN MONIQUE G. M. , KAYSEN GEORGE A. , STRAVER HELMA W. H. C. , VAN RIJN HERMAN J. M. , STELLAARD FRANS , BERGER RUUD , RABELINK TON J.
Published: April 2021

The urinary loss of transferrin is sufficient to reduce plasma transferrin concentrations in the nephrotic syndrome. Hypotransferrinemia may lead to iron loss and microcytic anemia. The mechanism responsible for the hypotransferrinemia in the nephrotic syndrome is, however, unknown. In the present study, synthesis rate of transferrin was measured in vivo in nephrotic patients (n = 7) compared with control subjects (n = 6) using L-[1-13C]-valine. Plasma transferrin and iron concentration in the patients were significantly lower than in control subjects (transferrin, 1.39 ± 0.08 versus 2.57 ± 0.11 g/L, P < 0.0001; iron, 10.2 ± 0.8 versus 21.1 ± 4.5 μmol/L, P = 0.02). Furthermore, albuminuria correlated with transferrinuria (r2 = 0.901, P = 0.001). The absolute synthesis rate of transferrin was increased in the patients (10.0 ± 1.1 versus 7.4 ± 0.7 mg/kg per d, P = 0.07), although this value failed to achieve significance. C-reactive protein, plasma iron, and proteinuria did not correlate with transferrin synthesis. In contrast, transferrin synthesis correlated with albumin synthesis (r2 = 0.648, P = 0.03; n = 7). The present study indicates that increased transferrin synthesis occurs in nephrotic patients but is insufficient to compensate for urinary losses. Because, overall, no significant relationship was found between transferrin synthesis and either C-reactive protein or iron, it is unlikely that inflammation suppresses or that iron deficiency stimulates increased transferrin synthesis in these patients. The correlation between transferrin synthesis and albumin synthesis suggests that transferrin synthesis is a component of a general response in hepatic protein synthesis in the nephrotic syndrome. This suggests that a therapeutic approach to maximize plasma transferrin concentrations in nephrotic patients should be aimed primarily at reducing urinary protein excretion.
Toward Proteomics in Uroscopy: Urinary Protein Profiles after Radiocontrast Medium Administration
Authors: HAMPEL DIERK J. , SANSOME CHRISTINE , SHA MA , BRODSKY SERGEY , LAWSON WILLIAM E. , GOLIGORSKY MICHAEL S.
Published: April 2021

Previous attempts to use urinary protein profiles for diagnostic purposes have been rather disappointing with respect to their clinical validity, in part because of the insufficient reproducibility, sensitivity, and rapidity of available techniques. Therefore, a newly developed, high-throughput technique, namely surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) ProteinChip array-time of flight mass spectrometry, was studied, to assess its applicability for protein profiling of urine and to exemplify its use for a group of patients receiving radiocontrast medium. Assessment of the accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility of SELDI in test urinary protein profiling was performed. Renal function was studied in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats before and after intravenous administration of either 1.25 g/kg ioxilan (n = 10) or hypertonic saline solution (n = 10) as a control. Urine samples from 25 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were obtained before, immediately after, and 6 to 12 h after the procedure. Administration of ioxilan to rats resulted in changes in the abundance of proteins of 9.9, 18.7, 21.0, and 66.3 kD. For patients, even in uncomplicated cases of radiocontrast medium infusion during cardiac catheterization, perturbations in the protein composition occurred but returned to baseline values after 6 to 12 h. Proteins with molecular masses of 9.75, 11.75, 23.5, and 66.4 kD changed in abundance. For patients with impaired renal function, these changes were not reversible within 6 to 12 h. As a proof of principle, one of the peaks, i.e., that at 11.75 kD, was identified as β2-microglobulin. SELDI is a promising tool for the detection, identification, and characterization of trace amounts of proteins in urine. Even for patients without renal complications, proteins with a broad range of molecular masses either appear in or disappear from the urine. Some of these might represent markers of impending nephropathy.
Specific Antagonism of PDGF Prevents Renal Scarring in Experimental Glomerulonephritis
Authors: OSTENDORF TAMMO , KUNTER UTA , GRÖNE HERMANN JOSEPH , BAHLMANN FERDINAND , KAWACHI HIROSHI , SHIMIZU FUJIO , KOCH KARL MARTIN , JANJIC NEBOJSA , FLOEGE JÜRGEN
Published: April 2021

Glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and/or mesangial matrix accumulation characterizes many progressive renal diseases. Rats with progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis were treated from day 3 to day 7 after disease induction with a high-affinity oligonucleotide aptamerantagonist against platelet-derived growth factor-B chain (PDGF-B). In comparison with nephritic rats that received vehicle or a scrambled aptamer, treatment with the PDGF-B aptamer led to a significant reduction of mesangioproliferative changes, glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte damage, and glomerular macrophage influx on day 8. Both nephritic control groups subsequently developed progressive proteinuria and decreased renal function. On day 100, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage, glomerular and interstitial accumulation of types III and IV collagen, and overexpression of transforming growth factor-β were widespread. All of these chronic changes were prevented in rats that received the PDGF-B aptamer, and their functional and morphologic parameters on day 100 were largely indistinguishable from non-nephritic rats. These data provide the first evidence for a causal role of PDGF in the pathogenesis of renal scarring and point to a new, highly effective therapeutic approach to progressive, in particular mesangioproliferative, renal disease.
A Novel Approach to Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Active Minimal-Change Nephrotic Syndrome Using Subtracted cDNA Library Screening
Authors: Sahali Djillali , Pawlak André , Valanciuté Asta , Grimbert Philippe , Lang Philippe , Remy Philippe , Bensman Albert , Guelle[Combining Diaeresis]n Georges
Published: April 2021

Clinical and experimental observations suggest that minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) results from T cell dysfunction, via unknown mechanisms. For the identification of genes that are potentially involved in MCNS, a subtractive cDNA library was constructed from cDNA from T cell-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the same patient during relapse versus remission (“relapse minus remission”). This library was screened by differential hybridization with forward (“relapse minus remission”) and reverse (“remission minus relapse”) subtractive cDNAs probes, as well as unsubtracted probes from relapse and remission, and irrelevant nephrotic syndrome (membranous nephropathy). A total of 84 transcripts were isolated, of which 12 matched proteins of unknown function and 30 were unknown clones. Among the 42 known transcripts, at least 18 are closely involved in the T cell receptor-mediated complex signaling cascade, including genes encoding components of the T cell receptor and proteins associated with the cytoskeletal scaffold, as well as transcription factors. In particular, it was demonstrated that the expression levels of Fyb/Slap, L-plastin, and grancalcin were increased during relapse, suggesting that the integration of proximal signaling after T cell engagement involves the preferential recruitment of these cytoskeleton-associated proteins in MCNS. Because very low levels of interleukin-12 receptor β2 mRNA were detected in relapse samples, the interleukin-12 signaling pathway might be defective, suggesting that, in MCNS, T cell activation evolves toward a T helper 2 phenotype. Therefore, the combination of subtractive cloning and differential screening constitutes an efficient approach to the identification of genes that are likely to be involved in the pathophysiologic processes of MCNS.
Covid-19 Salgını Döneminde Eğitim: İlkokuma Yazma Öğretiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: ERBAŞ Yahya Han
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 salgını döneminde uygulamaya konan acil uzaktan eğitim modelinde birinci sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilkokuma yazma öğretimi sırasında yaşadıkları sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini incelemektir. Bu çalışmanın katılımcıları, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılının güz döneminde sınıf öğretmenliğine halen devam eden, oluşturulan çevrimiçi formu gönüllü olarak doldurmayı kabul eden, Türkiye’nin yedi coğrafi bölgesinde görev yapmakta olan 111 birinci sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmış olup, veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler MAXQDA programı kullanılarak içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre veliler, internet kaynakları, teknolojik araçlar, EBA, okul idaresi, yardımcı kaynak kitaplar, dijital içerikler, zümre öğretmenler, ders kitapları, sosyal medya, güdülenmiş öğrenci, yabancı dil bilgisi ve ailelere yardımcı olan üniversitelilerin varlığı birinci sınıf öğretmenlerine yardımcı olmuştur. Bunların dışında, İnternet bağlantı sorunları, internet yetersizliği, teknolojik araçlara sahip olmada eksiklik, ilgisiz veliler, sosyo-ekonomik durumlar ve öğrenci ile yeterli etkileşimin olmaması gibi nedenler birinci sınıf öğretmenlerine bu süreçte zorluk yaşatan durumlar olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin vermiş olduğu yanıtların analizi sonucunda acil uzaktan eğitim modeliyle kullandıkları ses temelli cümle yönteminin hecelerden kelimeler oluşturma basamağında çok zorlandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Okuma Stratejisi Eğitiminin Matematik Dersi Problem Çözme Becerisine Etkisi
Authors: KARAKUŞ AKTAN Eda Nur , ASLAN Canan , YALÇIN Alemdar
Published: April 2021

Okuduğunu anlama becerisi, ana dili öğretiminde dört temel dil becerisinden biri olmakla birlikte yalnızca ana dilinin gelişmesinde değil diğer derslerin başarısında da oldukça önemlidir. Amacı, okuma stratejisi eğitiminin matematik dersi problem çözme becerisine etkisini belirlemek olan bu araştırmada, ön – son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, ilgili yerlerden gerekli izinler alınarak 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında, Ankara ilindeki bir devlet ortaokulunun iki 6. sınıf şubesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sınıf mevcudu, matematik ve Türkçe dersi akademik başarıları birbirine denk olan, Türkçe ve matematik derslerini aynı öğretmenlerin yürüttüğü iki 6. sınıf seçilmiş; yansız atama yoluyla sözü edilen sınıflardan biri kontrol, biri deney grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, deney grubuna okuma stratejilerine göre hazırlanmış etkinlikler uygulanırken kontrol grubundaki dersler, ders kitabındaki etkinliklerle yürütülmüştür. Uygulama çalışması on haftada tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, okuma stratejisi eğitimi verilen deney grubu öğrencilerinin matematik dersi problem çözme başarı testi puanlarının kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin puanlarından daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Deney grubu öğrencilerinin on haftalık uygulama sonrası matematik problem çözme becerilerinin geliştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Infrastructures of Suffering: Trauma, Sumud and the Politics of Violence and Aid in Lebanon
Authors: Moghnieh Lamia Mounir
Published: April 2021

This article traces the infrastructures of suffering under the governance of humanitarian psychiatry to explore how material conditions of war and aid have shaped the politics of trauma and sumud[steadfastness] in Lebanon. Based on 29 months of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken from 2011 to 2013, I look at the expert, economic, and techno-political assemblages of trauma and sumudduring the July War in 2006 and the Syrian refugee crisis in 2011. Mental health experts faced unexpected difficulties in diagnosing war trauma during the July War. This led political actors to claim that these difficulties reflected a general absence of suffering from war and a sign of Lebanese resilience, drawing on economies of sumudin postwar reconstruction. The Syrian refugee crisis however radically transformed the politics of suffering in Lebanon. A new political economy of trauma emerged where the Lebanese now competed with other aid communities to have their past suffering recognised as traumatic. Comparing the relations between violence, aid, and suffering in both instances serves to contextualise and historicise suffering beyond a particular discourse or event. It also serves to highlight the contingencies of suffering rather than its internal and psychic elements.
Dis/Avowing Masks: Culture, Race, and Public Health between the United States and Taiwan
Authors: Chen Alex
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 brought masking, a practice that was largely confined to certain technical occupational settings in the US, into the heart of a national controversy. As with prior emerging infectious diseases (such as HIV, SARS, and Ebola), US public health experts and governmental agencies positioned themselves as authoritative producers of emerging scientific knowledge, including best practices for public masking. US epidemiological outcomes, however, have sorely lagged behind many other countries. The US leads the world in confirmed cases of and deaths from COVID-19, undermining presumed hierarchies in global health authority today. In this essay, I compare US and Taiwanese masking policies, delineating how social relations of care in the US become sites of political conflict within a hierarchical global ecology of scientific knowledge and medical supplies. Drawing upon my experience as an MD/PhD in anthropology trainee studying emerging infectious diseases and as a Taiwanese American immigrant, I explore conflicts over mask acquisition and usage across borders and time, illuminating global inequities of scientific knowledge production and pandemic containment and underscoring racialised disavowals that persist in US public health. These racialised disavowals illustrate the structural limits that circumscribe possibilities of containment during an uncontained pandemic.
U kolopletu (post)modernosti: studentska perspektiva brze i etičke modne potrošnje
Authors: Brstilo Lovrić Ivana , Šuća Marta , Zujić Paula
Published: April 2021

Ovaj rad tematizira nedovoljno istraženu modnu potrošnju iz hrvatskoga konteksta. S obzirom na to da je u referentnoj literaturi istaknut aktivni modni interes studenata, njih 24 uključeno je u provedbu kvalitativnoga istraživanja metodom fokus grupe održane u četiri navrata sredinom 2020. Opći cilj bio je istražiti studentske modne prakse u svakodnevici s posebnim osvrtom na principe brze i etičke modne potrošnje kako bi se utvrdilo prema kojem se modelu profiliraju. Iako sudionici istraživanja nisu raspolagali s konkretnim saznanjima o (ne)etičnim praksama modnih trgovina te su u pravilu konzumirali brzu modu, iskazali su otvorenost naspram etičkih proizvoda smatrajući kako moda ne bi trebala biti platforma ugnjetavanja uključenih aktera. Nalazima je detektirano i postojanje (post)modernoga potrošačkoga sukoba tako što su se sudionici okarakterizirali modnim individualistima koji su istodobno slijedili modne trendove uz opće negiranje utjecaja na vlastite potrošačke izbore dok su se u većini inspirirali modnim sadržajima s društvenih mreža, iz okoline te iz različitih medija. Razvivši listu modnih ulaganja kombinirali su kvalitetu i kvantitetu, nerijetko se otkrivajući masovnim ekskluzivistima. Pokazana slojevitost i hibridnost studentske modne potrošnje u konačnici je interpretirana u kontekstu (post)moderne životno-stilske ambivalentnosti te je ukazana potreba za većom edukacijom i društvenim angažmanom studenata na ovu temu.
Anthracite-based activated carbons for the efficient solution
of important environmental problems
Authors: Mukhin Victor M.
Published: April 2021

This article examines the issues of environmental pollution as a result of man-made activities and determines the most effective ways to protect the biosphere with the help of carbon-adsorption technologies. Due to their physical and chemical properties, activated carbons are an ideal adsorbent and allow solving a wide range of environmental safety issues.
Based on the theoretical assumptions expressed by Academician M. M. Dubinin, it is shown that anthracite is an excellent raw material for producing activated coal. A technology for obtaining СAS (Crushed Anthracite Sorbent) grade activated carbons from anthracite has been developed and its adsorption properties have been studied. Tests of СAS activated carbon in the purification of drinking water and wastewater, protection of the atmosphere from harmful gases and vapors, and detoxification of soils from herbicide residues were carried out. The necessity and requirements for the creation of new production facilities for active coals based on anthracite in Russian coal basins are substantiated.
Интеллект регионов России сквозь призму социальных сетей
Authors: Валуева Е.А. , Лаптева Е.М. , Григорьев А.А.
Published: April 2021

В работе исследуются связи характеристик текстовых сообщений пользователей социальной сети ВКонтакте с интеллектом. Анализ проводится на региональном уровне: единицами анализа являются регионы Российской Федерации, сопоставляются усредненные показатели сообщений пользователей, проживающих в регионах, с оценками интеллектуального потенциала регионов. Рассмотренные характеристики сообщений включали фор­мальные и грамматические показатели, а также эмоциональные компоненты сообщений. Оценки интеллектуального потенциала регионов были получены путем усреднения региональных результатов тестирования интеллекта мужчин, желающих поступить на военную службу по контракту, и данных об образовательных достижениях регионов (средний результат ЕГЭ лиц, поступивших в российские вузы в 2018 г.). Анализ показал, что четыре формальных и грамматических показателя (средняя длина слова, относительное количество вводных слов и словосочетаний, относительное количество простых непроизводных предлогов и средняя длина предложения), которые могут рассматриваться как маркеры когнитивной сложности текста, вносят независимый вклад в предсказание регионального интеллекта и в совокупности объясняют 60% его дисперсии. Эмоциональные компоненты сообщений не вносят независимого от маркеров когнитивной сложности текста вклада в предсказание регионального интеллекта. Кроме того, была показана связь регионального интеллекта с активностью и грамотностью пользователей социальной сети ВКонтакте. Значение полученных результатов заключается в том, что они ведут к созданию средств оценки интеллекта по тексту, которые будут иметь, можно полагать, определенные преимущества перед традиционными психометрическими методами его измерения в исследованиях региональных различий интеллекта и его изменения во времени.
Эффект взгляда-подсказки в виртуальной среде: влияние социальной установки и социальной дистанции
Authors: Петрова А.О. , Лунякова Е.Г. , Фаликман М.В.
Published: April 2021

Пространственное внимание людей, вовлеченных в совместную деятельность, часто направлено на одни и те же объекты среды. При этом перенаправление взгляда одного из партнеров становится средством управления вниманием других. Можно предположить, что на выраженность активно исследуемого в последние десятилетия эффекта взгляда-подсказки будут оказывать влияние такие социально-психологические факторы, как установка в отношении подсказывающего и социальная дистанция между испытуемым и подсказывающим. Для проверки этих предположений была создана виртуальная 3D-среда, в которой был реализован модифицированный вариант методики подсказки М. Познера с соавт. (Posner et al., 1978). Использовался межгрупповой экспериментальный план. Для одной группы испытуемых антропоморфный аватар, дающий подсказку взглядом, выступал, согласно предварительной инструкции, в роли помощника, для другой – в роли человека, оценивающего действия испытуемого. Аватар мог давать верные и неверные подсказки взглядом относительно места появления целевого объекта. Обе группы проходили по две экспериментальные серии, различавшиеся дистанцией между испытуемым и аватаром: 1.5 м (комфортная дистанция, соответствующая зоне формальных социальных контактов) и 1 м (некомфортная дистанция, соответствующая зоне личных контактов). Эффект взгляда-подсказки был выявлен во всех экспериментальных условиях в виртуальной среде. При этом он был сильнее выражен в условиях «помогающей» установки, чем в условиях «оценивающей». В условиях помогающей установки эффект был несимметричен: выигрыш при верной подсказке оказался меньше, чем задержка реакции на стимул при неверной. Для обеих установок эффект взгляда-подсказки сильнее проявлялся при дистанции 1 м до аватара, чем при дистанции 1.5 м. Последнее может быть связано как с большими угловыми размерами подсказки, так и с размыванием границ личной зоны в виртуальной среде. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при создании обучающих виртуальных сред.
Мотивы инноваторов в образовании: подходы к определению и разработка шкалы для измерения
Authors: Хавенсон Т.Е. , Лукина А.А.
Published: April 2021

Причины, по которым внутри и вне системы образования появляются инновации, способные существенно изменить или улучшить традиционно закрытую сферу, активно изучаются в последние десятилетия. Однако ощущается дефицит разработанных методик для измерения мотивации внешних и внутренних акторов создавать инновационные проекты. В статье описываются подходы к измерению самого конструкта «мотивация инновационной деятельности» и результаты адаптации инструмента для измерения мотивов создания инновационных проектов в сфере образования. За основу была взята англоязычная шкала «Причины основания бизнеса» (PSED). В рамках исследования шкала была переведена на русский язык, адаптирована для группы инноваторов в образовании и валидизирована с использованием классического подхода, сочетающего методологию разведывательного и конфирматорного факторного анализа (РФА и КФА), а также дополнительную оценку внутренней согласованности выявленных подшкал, сравнение оригинальной англоязычной и русскоязычной версий, содержательную интерпретацию каждой подшкалы. Адаптация шкалы проводилась на выборке инноваторов в сфере образования — участников Конкурса инноваций в образовании (N = 286). Итоговая шкала включает 16 суждений и позволяет оценить выраженность четырех мотивационных установок начала инновационной деятельности: «Значимость для общества», «Инновации и креативность», «Самореализация и достижение» и «Финансы и независимость». Выявленные мотивы отражают определенные стремления и цели инноваторов, задавая содержание и направленность их образовательных проектов. Предлагаемый инструмент может быть использован в исследовательских и практических целях для изучения мотивации проактивных акторов в образовании, а также близких групп, вовлеченных в развитие социально-значимых сфер. Полная версия итоговой методики приведена в Приложении к статье, содержит инструкции для респондентов и правила подсчета баллов по 4 подшкалам.
Spatial Dynamic Effects in the Colombian Health System
Authors: Rodriguez-Pineda Leonardo , Sánchez Saldarriaga Andrés Felipe , Cancelado Carretero Helena María
Published: April 2021

We seek to understand if spatial dynamics affect the population in social, economic and health terms. To carry out this study, we propose the following two stages. In the first stage we try to understand the causes of high infant mortality in rural areas in comparison to the urban areas based on literature and the changes made to the Colombian health model. The second stage is a spatial econometric analysis of the variables of interest, where the CEDE database of the Universidad de los Andes is utilized. The findings of this study confirm the importance of the inclusion of spatial effects, which is a sign that the health dynamics of populations are interrelated. This spatial interdependence corroborates the suggestion from literature where proposing policies coordinate the system and consider local and neighboring populations. Also, municipal administrations require the need to consider mechanisms of interlocution whilst working with their peers and allow these factors to be included in the planning of political measures taken that affect health conditions. Finally, we confirm differences between the rural and urban performance.
Literature review of deploying small transmitters on a spectrum sharing scheme
Authors: Torres Juan Guillermo , Bustamante Roberto , Caicedo Carlos E.
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, there are a lot of misinformation and myths related to both the deployment of antennas for 5G and the frequency bands used in such technology. Many of these myths arise from the lack of serious research documents released in common language to be understood by different knowledge areas. This work makes a small contribution in this regard and shows a bibliographic review of the most relevant characteristics related to the problem of deployment of transmitters (a.k.a. base stations), and also takes into account a spectrum sharing scheme. As a case study, we will analyze the CBRS regulation used in the United States for the deployment of 5G, it will provide an overview of engineering problems and also, the areas of research that still need to be explored.
Asplenium ceterach s.str. és Polystichum aculeatum az egri vár másolatának romjain, a Pilisben
Authors: Csiky János , Ifj. Csiky János , Kornokovics Máté , Telek András , Telek Júlia
Published: April 2021

2020. decemberében a Pilis hegységhez tartozó egri vár másolatának egyik ÉNy-i ki­tettségű, habarccsal kötött homokkő falán öt páfrányfaj kicsiny populációjára bukkantunk. 15 tő Asplenium ceterach L. (s.str.), 1 tő Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth mellett 1 tő Asplenium trichomanes L., számos Asplenium ruta-muraria (L.) Hoffm. és egyetlen tő Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott is előkerült. Az Asplenium ceterach s.str., a Pilis hegységre új faj, feltehetően a közeli, budai-hegységi (Remete-szurdok) állománynak legkésőbb 5–10 évvel ezelőtt megtelepedett származékáról lehet szó.
Kiegészítések az Orobanche reticulata biológiájához és hazai elterjedéséhez
Authors: Bauer Norbert
Published: April 2021

A közlemény az Orobanche reticulata néhány új magyarországi adatáról számol be. A fajt a szakirodalomban ismeretlen gazdanövényről, Carduus hamulosus-ról gyűjtöttük a Keleti-Bakonyban, a Bér-hegyen. A Magyarországon általában májustól júliusig virágzó faj életmenetéhez érdekes adalék egy extrém csapadékos év (2010) enyhe őszén megfigyelt késői, októberi virágzása is. Egy másik populáció (Vértes hegység, Magyaralmás) érdekessége annak tömegessége. Itt az O. reticulata 2020 nyarán egy, az előző évben beszántásra került természetes szárazgyep élőhely parlag­ján jelent meg nagy tömegben (több száz egyed), Carduus nutans subsp. leiophyllus és Carduus acanthoides gazdanövényen. A fajt néhány olyan flóratérképezési kvadrátból is közöljük a Dunántúli-középhegység, Külső-Somogy és Mezőföld területéről, ahol eddig nem volt ismert.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Huf Samuel Francisco , Burak Dionísio , Pinheiro Nilcéia Aparecida Maciel
Published: April 2021

Este artigo trata da Modelagem Matemática aplicada à Educação do Campo. A Modelagem Matemática é uma atividade diferenciada do ensino tradicional e passível de ser aplicada nas mais diversas situações. Assim, investiga-se as contribuições da modalidade quando aplicada na Educação do Campo. Para tanto é realizado trabalho prático com vinte estudantes de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola do Campo no Interior do Paraná, tendo como base a fundamentação teórica de estudiosos da modalidade. Os resultados evidenciam que a Modelagem Matemática desenvolvida na educação do campo, ao valorizar os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes dá sentido a sua realidade e potencializa as aulas de Matemática. Verifica-se, pois, que com a sistematização do conhecimento empírico dos estudantes, avança-se para a aquisição do conhecimento matemático científico, com mais motivação e facilidade.
AVALIAÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Brito Kelly Danielle Santos Silva , Carvalhêdo Josania Lima Portela
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, são expostos os achados de uma investigação cujo objetivo foi refletir acerca das implicações da avaliação em larga escala para a prática pedagógica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Os dados abordados qualitativamente foram produzidos a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada junto aos professores e aos coordenadores pedagógicos vinculados à rede pública municipal de ensino. Com base nos resultados, valida-se que as avaliações externas colaboram para análises reflexivas atinentes às práticas desenvolvidas no contexto escolar e, embora seja de caráter externo à escola, essa modalidade de avaliação influencia as práticas pedagógicas quando contribui para a construção de uma cultura avaliativa que oferece subsídios para pensar em seu aperfeiçoamento.
PEDAGOGIA - PENSAR A PEDAGOGIA PARA RESPONDER AOS CONTEXTOS ESCOLARES E NÃO ESCOLARES DA ATUALIDADE
Authors: Medeiros Emerson Augusto de , Araújo Osmar Hélio Alves , Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: April 2021

Na literatura da área de Educação, internacional e nacional, temos identificado, na história, o debate acerca da Pedagogia como ciência da educação. No Brasil, particularmente, as discussões produzidas nos últimos anos, em periódicos científicos, teses, dissertações, livros, eventos acadêmicos, entre outros, se endereçam a partir da defesa de que é a Pedagogia a ciência que estuda, problematiza, compreende e reflete sobre a natureza dos fenômenos educativos (PIMENTA, 2012).         No entanto, conforme consta no estudo de doutoramento da Professora Maria Amélia Santoro Franco, publicizado no livro “Pedagogia como ciência da Educação”, pouco a pouco, a Pedagogia tem perdido seu lugar, na condição de ciência, e tem se secundarizado, tornando-se apenas uma área da Educação (FRANCO, 2008). Isso ocorre, principalmente, em razão de que, ao longo do tempo, a Pedagogia precisou adequar-se à lógica subjacente às ciências positivistas (FRANCO, 2008; FRANCO, 2011). Em virtude desse cenário, muitos profissionais da educação a desconhecem, mesmo aqueles que atuam em cursos de Pedagogia ou desenvolveram suas formações iniciais nessas graduações (LIBÂNEO, 2007; FRANCO, 2008).
Metastases of papillary radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer in the parapharyngeal lymph node: clinical case
Authors: Ognerubov N. A. , Antipova T. S.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) usually metastasizes into the central and lateral lymph nodes (LNs) of the neck. Metastases into the retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal LNs are rare. Their presence attests to aggressive PTC.

The study objective is to describe a rare case of metastases of papillary radioiodine-refractory PTC into the parapharyngeal LN.

Clinical case. In 2015, female patient K., 40 years old, underwent thyroidectomy due to PTC. Histological examination verified papillary PTC with growth through the capsule and ingrowth into the surrounding tissues and muscles. In a separately admitted LN, metastases of the same cancer were observed. One year later, regional metastases in the lateral neck LNs were detected. Radioiodine therapy (activity 131I 4.5 GBq) was performed followed by fascial circular section of the neck tissues on the right per thyroid type. Morphological examination verified presence of papillary PTC metastases in 4 LNs. In January of 2018, positron emission tomography showed metastases in the paratracheal LNs. Central neck lymph node dissection was performed. Per histological conclusion, fat tissue and LN contained multiple metastases of papillary PTC. In October of the same year, repeat radioiodine therapy (activity 131I 3.0 GBq) was performed. Thyroglobulin levels increased. In June of 2020, repeat positron emission tomography showed a single metastasis in the parapharyngeal LN. Due to small size of the metastasis and absence of signs of progression, dynamic follow-up and hormone therapy were suggested to the patient.

Conclusion. Metastatic involvement of parapharyngeal LNs is rare, especially in radioiodine-refractory PTC. They can be detected both during primary diagnosis and after the treatment during dynamic follow-up, as well as a single manifestation of PTC, which should be taken into account during differential diagnosis.
Algorithm of stepwise medical rehabilitation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Grushina T. I. , Podvyaznikov S. O. , Tkachenko G. A. , Mudunov A. M. , Shakhsuvaryan S. B. , Alymov Yu. V. , Ignatov A. V.
Published: April 2021

Four stages of medical rehabilitation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer in Russia are described. Specific rehabilitation programs and methods are described for every stage. The pre-rehabilitation program includes psychological and nutritional support, exercise therapy, consultations by the surgeon and anesthesiologist, correction of concomitant disorders, prevention of thromboembolic complications and local hemodynamic abnormalities. At the rehabilitation stage in the ICU antibacterial therapy, patient positioning, percussion massage of the chest, passive mobilization, massage of the extremities are performed. The rehabilitation program at the specialized surgical department includes psychological rehabilitation, adequate pain management, exercise therapy, massage, nutritional support, prevention of thromboembolic complications, treatment of early postoperative complications. The in-hospital rehabilitation at medical facilities additionally includes treatment of delayed and late surgical complications, correction of radioiodine therapy consequences. The outpatient rehabilitation program also involves correction of hypothyroidism and minimization of adverse effects of suppressive hormone therapy, health resort treatment.
New opportunities for preoperative diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Lukyanov S. A. , Sergiyko S. V. , Titov S. E. , Veryaskina Yu. A. , Mudunov A. M. , Dobrokhotova V. Z. , Kozorezova E. S. , Vorobyov S. L. , Vazhenin A. V. , Romanchishen A. F. , Vabalaite K. V. , Vilkova A. S. , Timofeeva N. I. , Ilinа T. E.
Published: April 2021

Background. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors. Since median survival of ATC patients is only 4 months, its early diagnosis is very important. Although ATC has specific clinical manifestations, the analysis of expression of different microRNAs can facilitate preoperative diagnostics and help to detect its potential precursors among differentiated cancers and other thyroid malignancies.

The study objective is to identify microRNAs specific for ATC that are different from microRNAs in other thyroid cancers.

Materials and methods. We analyzed the expression of 14 microRNAs in histological specimens of 67 patients with ATC. The control groups included 25 patients with benign nodules, 36 patients with follicular adenomas, 32 patients with follicular cancer, and 152 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. For 7 out of 67 ATC patients, we compared mi-croRNA levels in histological and cytological specimens.

Results. Patients with ATC demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the expression of miR-145, miR-125b and increase in the expression of miR-155 and miR-21 compared to all control groups. We found two reliable diagnostic markers of ATC: relative miR-21 expression (at a cutoff of 14.9, sensitivity was 0.955 and specificity was 0.837) and the miR-21/miR-145 ratio (at a cutoff of 122, sensitivity was 0.955 and specificity was 0.955). The level of miR-21 expression and miR-21/miR-145 ratio in cytological specimens were accurate in all 7 cases (100 %).

Conclusion. the level of expression of specific microRNAs can be used as a reliable biomarker for ATC. The consistency between the results obtained in cytological and histological specimens enables the use of stained cytological samples for this analysis.
Current strategy of squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Polyakov A. P. , Gevorkov A. R. , Stepanova A. A.
Published: April 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. Usually, antitumor treatment is sufficiently effective: recovery rate is about 90 %. Primary SCC is characterized by variable growth rate, as well as by involvement of regional lymph nodes (from 1 % for well differentiated tumors to 10 % for poorly differentiated tumors, size >3 cm and /or invasion depth >4 mm). In case of SCC development near post-burn scar, the rate of regional metastasis is 10-30 %. A relatively small possibility of distant metastasis also exists, with overall mortality of 2-3 %. In SCC of the head and neck, both hematogenic and perineural advancement into the CNS are possible. Total rate of local recurrences is 25 %. The main factors of local and regional recurrences are location (head and neck), size (tumor diameter >2 cm), invasion depth (>4 mm), tumor differentiation, perineural involvement, patient's immune status and previous treatment. Tumors in areas that weren»t subjected to solar radiation and tumors in the areas of pervious irradiation, thermal damage, scarring or chronic ulcers are more prone to recurrences and metastasis. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic SCC is more likely to metastasize compared to well differentiated tumors. Medially located SCC is the area of the face mask and lip is more prone to neural invasion. Multidisciplinary approach with involvement of all specialists in antitumor treatment is necessary for development of treatment tactics.
Capabilities of fluorescent spectroscopy in diagnosis of tumors of the ent-organs
Authors: Daikhes N. A. , Vinogradov V. V. , Kim I. A. , Reshulsky S. S. , Prikuls V. F. , Karneeva O. V. , Khabazova A. M. , Prykule D. V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Diagnosis verification in patients with malignant tumors developed in the context of chronic inflammation is technically complex with a high percentage of false negative results of histological examination. None of the methods provides sufficiently accurate results necessary for ruling out or confirming a diagnosis.

The study objective is to test a new patented method of pre- and intraoperative differential diagnosis of oncological pathology of the ent-organs using the "InSpektr-M" hardware and software system.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with suspected malignant tumors of the larynx. The study excluded patients with previously verified diagnosis of malignant tumor of the larynx. A diagnostic probe emitting laser light with wavelength 350 nm and radiation power density 25 mW/cm2 was introduced through an additional channel of a fiberscope for a period of time sufficient for excitation of intrinsic tissue fluorescence (from 10-6 to 10-9 ms). Fluorescence intensity in the range of wavelengths between 600 and 650 nm was measured. This intensity was conditionally labelled "epithelial proliferative activity index". Spectrometric analysis of the intact points allowed to evaluate normal values for an individual patient; in the areas with the maximal increase in the index, targeted biopsy was performed.

Results. Values obtained during examination of various types of tumors (epithelial and non-epithelial) are different while tumor location has a negligible effect. In patients with malignant tumors containing non-squamous epithelium, increased protoporphyrin IX and decreased FAD fluorescence were observed in the direction from intact tissues to the center of the suspected tumor; in patients with malignant tumors containing squamous epithelium: increased protoporphyrin IX fluorescence with maximum at 635 nm and dynamic increase in FAD fluorescence in the direction from intact tissues to the tumor center.

Conclusion. Fluorescent spectroscopy can be used for pre- and intraoperative differential diagnosis of squamous and non-squamous cancers of the ENT-organs. Further studies for establishment of reference values of fluorescence intensity in intact and affected tissues are necessary.
Subtotal laryngectomy with formation of a laryngotracheal shunt in vocal rehabilitation of patients with stage III and IV locally advanced larynx and laryngopharynx cancer (literature review)
Authors: Menkova E. N. , Kulbakin D. E. , Krasavina E. A. , Mukhamedov M. R. , Alekseev V. A. , Shtin V. I.
Published: April 2021

Currently accepted standard of surgical treatment of patients with locally advanced stage III and IV laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer is laryngectomy which leads to loss of vocal function. Therefore, vocal rehabilitation is one of the most important tasks of the doctor. It allows to increase quality of life of patients after treatment. Currently used techniques of vocal rehabilitation have their advantages and disadvantages. The article considers various techniques of vocal rehabilitation, primarily, subtotal laryngectomy with laryngotracheal shunt as a promising method of surgical rehabilitation of patients with locally advanced caner of the larynx and laryngopharynx.