bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniform SST Warming Explains Most of the NH Winter Circulation and Blocking Response in a Warmer Climate
Authors: Narinesingh Veeshan , Guo Huan , Garner Stephen T. , Ming Yi
Published: June 2024

Coupled ocean and prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) experiments are performed to investigate the drivers of Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude winter circulation and blocking changes in warmer climates. In coupled experiments, a historical simulation is compared to a simulation following an end of the twenty-first-century shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP5-8.5) emission scenario. The SSP5-8.5 simulation yields poleward-shifted jets and an enhanced stationary wave pattern compared to the historical simulation. In terms of blocking, a reduction is found across North America and over the Pacific Ocean with the suggestion of more blocking over parts of Eurasia. Separately, prescribed SST experiments are performed decomposing the SSP5-8.5 SST response into a uniform warming component plus a spatially dependent change in SST pattern. SSP5-8.5 changes in circulation are primarily driven by a uniform warming of SST. Uniform warming is also found to account for most of the SSP5-8.5 blocking reduction over North America and the Pacific Ocean, but not over Eurasia. El Niño–like changes to the SST pattern also yield less blocking over the Pacific and North America. However, adding the responses of uniform and pattern experiments yields a nonlinear overreduction of blocking compared to the SSP5-8.5 experiment. Regional analyses of block energetics suggest that much of the reductions in blocking in warming simulations are driven by decreased baroclinic conversion in some regions and enhanced dissipation from diabatic sources in others.

Significance Statement

Atmospheric blocks are persistent anticyclones that can cause severe weather such as heat waves and cold spells. Climate models generally project that on a warmer Earth, blocking frequency is poised to decrease in the Northern Hemisphere by the end of the twenty-first century. The cause, however, remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the response of mean atmospheric circulation and atmospheric blocking when separately considering the warming of sea surface temperatures (SST) and changing the SST pattern. We find that most of the reduction in blocking can be explained by a uniform warming of SST. Energetics analyses suggest that this reduction is driven by blocks’ inhibited extraction of mean flow potential energy in some regions and by enhanced diabatic dissipation in others.
“Catching Chain” With Medicaid: The Impact of Medicaid Access on Opioid Overdose Mortality in Adults Released From State Detention
Authors: Blumberger Liba , Calo William , Mallinson Daniel J. , Liu Guodong , Leslie Douglas L.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To combat the heightened risk of opioid overdose death for individuals with criminal justice involvements, enhanced access to Medicaid remains paramount. This study examines the effect of a 2017 policy change in Pennsylvania that allowed for suspension, rather than termination, of Medicaid coverage while in prison on post‐release opioid overdose mortality risk (OOMR) for adults released from Pennsylvania prisons.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilizes administrative records from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections for adults ≥18 years diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) released in either 2015 or 2018. Death certificate data were used to compare OOMR within a year after release, both prior to and following the policy change. Demographic, treatment, and death characteristics were assessed with bivariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between qualification of Medicaid suspension and post‐release crude mortality and OOMR.

Results

Qualification for Medicaid suspension was not associated with a significant decrease in OOMR (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.47–1.46]) or crude mortality (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [0.67–1.57]) within 1 year after prison release for individuals diagnosed with OUD. In addition, the risk of opioid overdose mortality after release from prison for adults with an OUD increased from 2015 to 2018 (0.6%–1.7%; p < 0.0001), particularly from synthetic narcotics (57.1%–83.1%, p < 0.001), and drug overdose remained the leading cause of death (74.0%) within the initial year of release.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the need for ongoing research in overdose prevention tailored to criminal justice populations. This includes a deeper analysis of policies intended to enhance post‐release insurance continuity and their effect on individuals diagnosed with OUD after prison release.
An Age-Stratified Analysis of Early Postoperative Mortality Among Medicare-Eligible Patients With Common Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary Malignancies
Authors: Loftus Alexander W. , Hue Jonathan J. , Elshami Mohamedraed , Miller-Ocuin Jennifer L. , Steinhagen Emily , Hoehn Richard S. , Rothermel Luke D. , Ammori John B. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Ocuin Lee M.
Published: June 2024

Background: The frequency of major cancer surgery in the elderly (≥80 years) has increased concomitantly with the rise in average age of the population. We assessed early postoperative mortality following hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) and gastrointestinal (GI) procedures for common malignancies stratified by age. Methods: The National Cancer Database (2004-2017) was queried for patients who underwent resection for GI (gastroesophageal and colorectal) or HPB (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, biliary tract, and primary liver) cancers. We compared early postoperative mortality (30 d and 90 d) stratified by age (65-79 vs ≥80 years) and procedure, and compared survival outcomes by age and operative vs nonoperative management. Results: A total of 709,358 patients were included. The 30-day mortality ranged from 1.8% to 5.8% among patients 65-79 years and from 3.2% to 12.4% among patients ≥80 years depending on procedure. The 90-day mortality ranged from 3.6% to 10.6% in patients 65-79 years compared to 8.4%-21.0% among patients ≥80 years. The overall 90-day mortality was 5.2% for patients 65-79 years and 12.0% for patients ≥80 years ( P < .001). Age ≥80 was associated with worse survival among operatively managed patients with each upper GI, HPB, and lower GI malignancy relative to younger patients on multivariable analysis. However, operative management of patients ≥80 years was associated with improved survival relative to nonoperative management. Discussion: Elderly patients suffer higher postoperative mortality after major GI and HPB cancer surgery, but operative management is associated with improved survival among patients ≥80 years as compared to nonoperative management. These data are important to contextualize when counseling elderly patients on their treatment options for localized GI and HPB cancers.
Decolonising affect: Emotions and the politics of peace
Authors: Hutchison Emma , Bleiker Roland , Bourne Josephine , Hoang Young-ju
Published: June 2024

Peace processes require societies to break with animosity and violence. Scholars and practitioners have traditionally focused on institutional and structural mechanisms. Recent contributions have stressed the need to address the emotional legacies of destructive conflicts and how they influence peace processes. We build on these contributions by engaging current debates on decolonisation. We advance a three-part argument that places decolonising emotion at the core of peace and conflict studies. First, prevailing concepts and practices of peace rely on collective emotions that are western and colonial in origin. Emotions are central to the power dynamics that sustain colonial legacies and the practices of exclusion and injustice that ensue from them. Second, decolonising emotion requires an openness to different feelings which, in turn, can open up possibilities for creative ways of thinking about and practising peace. Third, these realms – colonial legacies and resistant ways of being and feeling – do not exist in isolation. Potentials for peace-making emerge from complex ‘interfaces’ between them, which we examine through two cases: the emotion of Han (한/恨) in Korean traditions of conflict resolution; and links between mourning and conflict management in the Maluilgal First Nation of the Torres Strait in far northern Australia.
Refugees, Welfare Organizations and Compulsory Labour in Postwar Austria
Authors: Blumenthal Rachel
Published: June 2024

During the Second World War, Germany employed 13.5 million men, women and children as forced and slave labourers throughout Europe, including on Austrian territory. Compulsory labour in Austria did not end with the Allied occupation. Despite the aspiration to adopt the values of a liberal democracy, the Austrian federal government enacted a statute on compulsory labour (the Arbeitspflichtgesetz) in 1946. This legislation required everyone residing in the country on a permanent or temporary basis to perform mainly manual work. At the time, one in every five individuals in Austria was displaced from her or his country of origin. They included foreigners who refused to be repatriated and over 200,000 Jews who sought to rebuild their lives far from Europe. Strict quotas in the countries where they wished to settle thwarted their plans. Jewish and non-Jewish refugees found themselves trapped in Austria for months and years, subject to the authority of the occupying military forces and UNRRA. To what extent did the compulsory labour requirement apply to them? An examination of this issue provides an insight into the very gradual transition of Austria from authoritarianism to democracy and the shaping of refugee policies by both the Austrian government and relief organizations.
Increased Bible Reading, Religious Beliefs, and Prosociality During College
Authors: Ridder Robert J. , Davis Chloe R. , Radigan Dane , Dougherty Kevin D. , Glanzer Perry L. , Schnitker Sarah A.
Published: June 2024

Religious self-socialization theory posits that chosen exposure to religion can impact future attitudes and behaviors via the internalization of religious messages, but emerging adults in the United States tend to decrease their participation in religious activities during college. Therefore, unique outcomes may arise for the few that maintain or increase religious activity. The present longitudinal study examines whether and how an increase in Bible reading during college impacts various religious and prosocial outcomes for a sample of 295 college students at a Christian university. On average, Bible reading frequency, closeness to God, and social altruism remained constant from first year to senior year, whereas Christian orthodoxy and civic engagement decreased. Multiple regression analyses revealed that an increase in Bible reading was associated with increases in Christian orthodoxy and closeness to God as indicators of religiosity as well as civic engagement and social altruism as indicators of prosociality. Reading the Bible more may help college students grow in their faith and their service to others.
A study of mechanical properties of photosensitive resins used in vat photopolymerization process
Authors: Magalhães Frederico de Castro , Leite Wanderson de Oliveira , Campos Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the rapid advancement of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has led to resource-efficient processes and reduced gaps between design and product/prototypes. Particularly, sectors like medicine and dentistry stand to gain from these advancements if materials with suitable mechanical characteristics for clinical use are available. One such evolving AM process is VAT photopolymerization through LCD 3D Printer technology, characterized by the curing of photosensitive polymeric resins. This study aims to assess the impact of the angle of layer photopolymerization of UV resin in three positions (horizontal, vertical, and inclined at 45°) using a cost-effective LCD 3D Printer. Additionally, specimens, distributed across five positions on the printing platform, underwent testing with three types of UV light-curing resin. Mechanical properties, including tensile stress, elasticity modulus, and hardness, were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results indicate that both the chosen manufacturing platform position and the inclined layer angle significantly influence the final characteristics of the workpiece.
Giving Credit Where Credit is Due: An Artificial Intelligence Contribution Statement for Research Methods Writing Assignments
Authors: Alea Albada Nicole , Woods Vanessa E.
Published: June 2024

Background

Citation practices are fundamental to teaching scholarly writing. With the emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, students need a structured way to cite when and how these technologies are used.

Objective

This paper introduces an instructor resource, an AI Contribution Statement, which provides students with an ethical and explicit framework for reporting on AI use during idea generation and writing in research methods.

Method

Students were guided to create an AI Contribution Statement that reports when an AI technology was used for a research paper, what prompts were given and text generated, and how the information was incorporated into a final written product.

Results

Sixty-four percent of students reported using AI assistive technologies. Of those, 33.12% reported using it more than twice, suggesting that, when allowed in a course, students’ use is relatively low.

Conclusion

Training students in best citation practices regarding ethical and transparent use of AI technologies is important, yet additional research is needed to understand how students are using it and how instructors can leverage this tool to foster equity.

Teaching Implications

An AI Contribution Statement is an important addition to research methods teaching to create equality in technology use and student success.
Socioeconomic Status, Length of Stay, and Postoperative Complications in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xie Michael , Staibano Phillip , Gupta Michael K. , Nguyen Nhu Tram , Archibald Stuart D. , Jackson Bernard Stanley , Young James Edward Massey , Zhang Han
Published: June 2024

Background: Despite universal healthcare in Canada, low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with worse survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients. However, the relationship between SES and outcomes during the acute postoperative period is poorly defined. Hamilton, Ontario, presents a unique population with widely varying SES within the same geography. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between SES, length of hospital stay (LOHS), and postoperative complications in OCSCC. Methods: Newly diagnosed OCSCC patients receiving primary surgical treatment from 2010 to 2014 were identified within a prospectively collected database. Inclusion criteria included age >18 years old, pathological diagnosis of oral cavity cancer, and primary surgical treatment with curative intent. Patients were excluded if they were undergoing palliative treatment or had previous head and neck surgery/radiotherapy. Postal codes were used to identify neighborhood-level socioeconomic variables via 2011 Canada Census data. Income quartiles were defined from groups of neighboring municipalities based on Canada Census definitions. Demographic, social, pathological, staging, and treatment data were collected through chart review. Results: One hundred and seventy-four patients were included in the final analysis. OCSCC patients with lower SES were more likely to be younger ( P = .041), male ( P = .040), have significant tobacco and alcohol use ( P = .001), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; P = .014), lower levels of education ( P = .001), and have lower employment levels ( P = .001). Lower SES patients had higher clinical tumor ( P = .006) and clinical nodal ( P = .004) staging and were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy ( P = .001) and G-tubes ( P = .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that low SES was a statistically significant predictor of postoperative complications [β 2.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.200, 3.17); P = .014] and LOHS [β 2.03 (95% CI 1.06, 2.99); P = .0001]. Tobacco and alcohol use, clinical tumor, and nodal stage, CCI, and planned adjuvant therapy were also statistically significant predictors of postoperative complications and LOHS ( P < .05). Conclusion: Patients with lower SES have more advanced OCSCC disease with increased comorbidities that owes itself to more acute postoperative complications and LOHS within this study population. Patients with low SES should be identified as patients that require more support during their cancer treatment.
Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Review of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance on Pathology Peer Review in Nonclinical Toxicology Studies
Authors: McDorman Kevin S. , Bennet Bindu M. , Colman Karyn , Fikes James D. , Keirstead Natalie D. , Lanning (retired) Lynda , Munch Barbara , Romeike Annette , Schafer Kenneth A. , Schorsch Frédéric , Thibodeau Michael S. , Thomas Heath C. , Troth Sean , Vahle John L. , Geoly Frank J.
Published: June 2024

In December 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the final guidance for industry titled Pathology Peer Review in Nonclinical Toxicology Studies: Questions and Answers. The stated purpose of the FDA guidance is to provide information to sponsors, applicants, and nonclinical laboratory personnel regarding the management and conduct of histopathology peer review as part of nonclinical toxicology studies conducted in compliance with good laboratory practice (GLP) regulations. On behalf of and in collaboration with global societies of toxicologic pathology and the Society of Quality Assurance, the Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee (SRPC) of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) initiated a review of this FDA guidance. The STP has previously published multiple papers related to the scientific conduct of a pathology peer review of nonclinical toxicology studies and appropriate documentation practices. The objectives of this review are to provide an in-depth analysis and summary interpretation of the FDA recommendations and share considerations for the conduct of pathology peer review in nonclinical toxicology studies that claim compliance to GLP regulations. In general, this working group is in agreement with the recommendations from the FDA guidance that has added clear expectations for pathology peer review preparation, conduct, and documentation.
Extradyadic stress as a barrier to sexual activity in couples? A dyadic response surface analysis
Authors: Landolt Selina A. , Impett Emily A. , Weitkamp Katharina , Roth Michelle , Bernecker Katharina , Bodenmann Guy
Published: June 2024

Sexuality is integral to most romantic relationships. Through stress spillover, however, factors such as individually experienced stress outside of the relationship (i.e., extradyadic stress) can negatively impact sexuality. In this study, we explored how a possible (mis)matching of both partners' levels of extradyadic stress is related to sexual activity and tested for gender differences. Analyzing 316 mixed-gender couples from Switzerland, we employed Dyadic Response Surface Analysis to assess how extradyadic stress is associated with sexual activity. Our results showed that extradyadic stress was positively linked to sexual activity for women (in general) and men (in the case of matching stress levels). As this result was surprising, we conducted additional exploratory analyses and split the measure of sexual activity into (1) exchange of affection and (2) eroticism (petting, oral sex, and intercourse) and controlled for age. Results from this second set of analyses showed that for women, matching stress levels were associated with higher exchange of affection, whereas men’s exchange of affection was higher if men reported higher stress levels than women. Notably, after accounting for age, the link between stress and eroticism dissipated. Our findings suggest that exchange of affection may serve as a coping mechanism for stress, with gender influencing this dynamic. However, future research investigating stress and sexual activity should consider additional factors such as age, relationship satisfaction, stressor type, and stress severity.
Hypothesis: Pump shoes for the prevention and treatment of varicose veins
Authors: Jahanbani Alireza
Published: June 2024

Background

This hypothesis introduces pump shoes as a method for the prevention and treatment of varicose veins.

Method

An air pump is placed in the shoe, connected to an airbag wrapped around the leg through a hose. With each step, air is pumped into the foot airbag, applying pressure to the leg muscles and superficial veins. This action mimics muscle pumping, helping to push blood back towards the heart. Excess air is released through an outlet hose with an adjustable sphincter, allowing for increased pressure on the leg.

Results & Conclusion

These shoes offer a simple mechanism to assist in returning blood from the feet to the heart. They can be beneficial in preventing varicose veins in at-risk individuals or treating those in the early stages of the disease.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Weiqiang , Xie Fengxi , Zhou Jixi , Pan Zhaoquan , Liao Muxi , Zhuang Lixing
Published: June 2024

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods

We searched eight databases from their inception until 14 April 2024, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Database. The search aimed to find randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of acupuncture for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Literature screening and data extraction were performed independently by the authors. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan V.5.3 software, and Stata 17.0 software was used for detecting publication bias and performing sensitivity analysis.

Results

Twenty-eight studies, involving 2148 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture therapy improved depression-related scale scores (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.70, 95%CI [–0.98, −0.42], p < 0.00001), anxiety-related scale scores (SMD = –0.78, 95% CI [–1.43, −0.14], p = 0.02), Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 2.74, 95% CI [2.43, 3.05], p < 0.00001), Mini Mental State Examination scores (WMD = 2.36, 95% CI [0.78, 3.94], p = 0.003), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores, and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 scores (WMD = –2.66, 95% CI [–4.83, −0.49], p = 0.02) compared to controls.

Conclusion

This review supports the application of acupuncture to reduce the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms including depression, anxiety, and impulse control disorders, and to improve cognition and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The adverse effects associated with acupuncture, either alone or as adjunctive therapy, were relatively minor.
Augmentation of perivascular space visualization in basal ganglia and white matter hyperintensity lesion is a meaningful finding for subsequent cognitive decline
Authors: Sugai Yasuhiro , Hiraka Toshitada , Shibata Akiko , Taketa Ayato , Tanae Taiyo , Moriya Yosuke , Ohara Shin , Iseki Chifumi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Kanoto Masafumi
Published: June 2024

Background

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes cognitive decline and perivascular space enlargement is one of the image markers for CSVD.

Purpose

To search for clinical significance in the time-course augmentation of perivascular space in basal ganglia (BG-PVS) for cognitive decline.

Material and Methods

This study population included 179 participants from a community-based cohort, aged 70 years at baseline. They had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies two or three times between 2000 and 2008. Based on the severity of BG-PVS or white matter hyperintensity lesions (WMHL) in 2000, the participants were divided into low-grade or high-grade groups, respectively. In addition, their time-course augmentation was evaluated, and we created a categorical BG-PVS WMHL change score based on their augmentation (1 = neither, 2 = BG-PVS augmentation only, 3 = WMHL augmentation only, 4 = both). Cognitive function was assessed based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); the change was defined as the difference between scores in 2000 and 2008. We used simple or multiple regression analysis for MMSE score change according to MRI findings and clinical characteristics that were probably related to cognitive decline.

Results

In univariate analysis, MMSE score change was negatively associated with BG-PVS high grade at baseline and BG-PVS WMHL change score 4; this remained significant in multivariate analysis. In the final model based on the Akaike Information Criterion, BG-PVS WMHL change score 4 was associated with a 3.3-point decline in subsequent MMSE score.

Conclusions

This study suggested that augmentation in both BG-PVS and WMHL was associated with subsequent cognitive decline.
Barriers to Healthcare and Social Service Utilization Among Rural Older Adults Who Use Drugs
Authors: Prusaczyk Beth , Tilmon Sandra , Landman Joshua , Seibert Drake , Colston David C. , Westergaard Ryan , Cooper Hannah , Feinberg Judith , Friedmann Peter D. , Go Vivian F. , Khoury Dalia , Korthius Todd , Mixson Sarah , Moellner Alexandria , Nolte Kerry , Smith Gordon , Young April , Pho Mai T. , Jenkins Wiley
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to understand barriers to healthcare and social service utilization among older adults residing in rural areas who use drugs. A cross-sectional survey of persons who use opioids or inject drugs in rural counties with high overdose rates across ten states was conducted. For this analysis, participants were restricted to only the 375 individuals aged 50 and older. They were asked about barriers to utilizing healthcare and social services. Multivariate analyses were conducted. The most common barriers were a lack of transportation and a fear of stigma. The average number of barriers was 2.53. Those who were either uninsured or homeless endorsed 37% more barriers. For every five-year increase in age, the number of barriers reduced by 15%. Efforts to reduce these barriers may include expanding eligibility for transportation and housing services and leveraging trusted community members to broker linkages to providers to overcome stigma.
The Association Between Sexual Violence and Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Women and the Role of Gender-Affirming Healthcare Providers in Seven Urban Areas in the United States, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Eustaquio Patrick C. , Olansky Evelyn , Lee Kathryn , Marcus Ruthanne , Cha Susan
Published: June 2024

Transgender women are disproportionately affected by sexual violence and corresponding mental health sequelae; however, many do not access healthcare due to experiences with transphobia. This analysis evaluated the association between sexual violence and suicidal ideation and the moderating effect of having a healthcare provider (HCP) with whom transgender women were comfortable discussing gender-related issues (“gender-affirming HCP”). We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among Transgender Women (NHBS-Trans). Transgender women were recruited using respondent-driven sampling from seven urban areas from 2019 to 2020 and participated in an HIV biobehavioral survey. This analysis was restricted to transgender women who visited a HCP in the past 12 months (“healthcare-seeking transgender women” [HSTW]) ( N = 1,489). Log-linked Poisson regression models provided adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the association between sexual violence and suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. The interaction between sexual violence and having a gender-affirming HCP was statistically significant ( p-value = .034). Among 1,489 HSTW, 225 (15.1%) experienced sexual violence and 261 (17.5%) reported suicidal ideation; 1,203 (80.8%) reported having a gender-affirming HCP. Sexual violence was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR = 2.65, 95% CI [2.08, 3.38]); the association was notably higher among those who did not have a gender-affirming HCP (aPR = 3.61, [2.17, 6.02]) than among those who did (aPR = 1.87, [1.48, 2.37]). Eliminating transphobia and promoting trauma- and violence-informed approaches in healthcare are necessary for sexual violence and suicide prevention among HSTW.
Enhancing 3D-Printed PP-CF parts: A novel resin-filling technique for mechanical property optimization
Authors: Eryildiz Meltem , Kosa Ergin , Akgun Ismail Cem , Yavuzer Bekir
Published: June 2024

This study investigates a novel post-processing technique aimed at enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polypropylene-carbon fiber (PP-CF) composite parts. The method involves printing components with internal voids to reduce weight and printing time, subsequently filling these voids with a low-cost resin known for its superior mechanical properties. Through systematic experimentation varying infill density and pattern, key quantitative findings were obtained. Tensile strength generally increased with higher infill density, reaching a maximum of 55.664 MPa for the resin-filled triangle infill pattern with 60% infill density. Impact energy showed a decreasing trend with increasing infill density, with the highest impact energy of 0.5 J recorded for the resin-filled triangle infill pattern with 60% infill density. Microstructural analysis revealed that the triangle infill pattern at 60% infill density exhibited the most effective resin penetration, contributing to superior mechanical performance. These findings emphasize the importance of infill pattern selection in resin distribution and mechanical enhancement in 3D-printed composite materials.
Public library virtual storytimes: When, how, and with what supports
Authors: Joo Soohyung , Cahill Maria , Garcia Antonio , LeFebvre Luke
Published: June 2024

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, many public libraries began offering virtual storytime (VS) programs. Because of the relative infrequency of VSs prior to 2020, research in this realm is minimal. To get a snapshot of public librarians’ VS practices and library supports in relation to VSs, we surveyed children’s librarians nationwide. Based on responses from 415 librarians in the United States, we examined when, if at all, the librarians began offering VSs, the practices they employed as well as the supports in place that enabled them to do so, and their perceptions of the importance of those supports. Findings indicate that responding librarians quickly pivoted the modality of their programming in relation to lockdown orders and offered both pre-recorded and live programs. Participants identified some challenges to providing VS programs, including lack of technological support and tools to increase accessibility to children with hearing or visual impairments. Professional development, equipment, and technical support were identified as enablers of VS programs.
Abortion Anarchy? The Case for Abortion Decriminalization
Authors: Gordon Kelly , Johnstone Rachael
Published: June 2024

For most of the last 35 years, Canada has stood alone as a global exception to the criminalization of abortion. Following the 1988 Supreme Court decision in R. v. Morgentaler, which deemed the existing federal abortion law unconstitutional, Canada has operated without criminal restrictions on abortion. Despite the distinctive nature of Canada's approach, there is a dearth of scholarly work that has explicitly traced the process through which abortion decriminalization materialized and offered an in-depth examination of its effectiveness. This paper aims to address this gap in two ways. First, it traces the process through which abortion decriminalization emerged in Canada, which resulted from a combination of context-specific circumstances and sociopolitical factors. Second, it argues that while Canada's pathway to abortion decriminalization is distinct and may not be directly transferable to other contexts, there are nonetheless insights to be drawn from the Canadian experience. The promise of abortion decriminalization, as both a governance and advocacy framework, lies in its efficacy, its ability to navigate constraints of the law, and its strategic and symbolic advantages.
Understanding Graphical Literacy Using School Students’ Comprehension Strategies
Authors: Mathai Sindhu , Krishnan Parvathi , Sreevalsan-Nair Jaya
Published: June 2024

Graphical literacy or graphicacy is a critical component of scientific literacy. Graphs are used to integrate and represent complex sets of information requiring abstraction from perceptual experience. They form essential parts of the Mathematics and Science curriculum across school curricular stages. A key to developing meaningful pedagogic practices to inculcate graphical literacy is in understanding how students perceive and comprehend features of graphs and interpret them. This study attempts to understand how children from the primary, middle and high school years, perceive and interpret information in bar and line graphs. Two hundred and twenty-nine children from four different school contexts in Grades 5, 7 and 9 were administered questionnaires and interviewed based on tasks requiring comprehension of graphs. It was found that children’s understanding of graphs was tied to the curricular progression which was significant at Grades 5 and 9. Comprehension of bar graphs with nominal data was easier compared to line graphs requiring integration of information from two dimensions and interpreting them. Further, graphs requiring preliminary levels of statistical understanding were easier to comprehend. While prior experience and facility with graphical conventions played a role, interpretation from spatial to symbolic representations posed challenges. Students did not have a clearly preferred strategy or a linear comprehension trajectory, but moved back and forth between conventions, clustering of graphical elements and written content in questions, to make meaning. Those who had performed well used various perceptual strategies simultaneously. Further, they were found to employ transformational reasoning based on a sense of ‘how things work’. It was observed that meaningful pedagogic practices at school and informal experiences outside the classroom aid graphical literacy.
Book review: Xu Liu, 2023. The Development and Governance of Private Universities in China
Authors: Tilak Jandhyala B. G.
Published: June 2024

Xu Liu, 2023. The Development and Governance of Private Universities in China. Springer, xx+ 160 pp., EUR 119.99/ ₹10,172. ISBN: 9789811960628 (hardback).
Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Cranial Vault Remodeling Procedures
Authors: Swift Clarice A , Fernstrum Colton J , Howell Haven M , Phillips John B , Aultman Rebekah B , Baker Katherine E , Thames Clay B , Bryant Gidarell C , Velazquez Alexander E , Boydstun Anna G , Sullivan John M , Lebhar Michael S , Hecox Emily E , Humphries Laura S , Hoppe Ian C
Published: June 2024

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been implemented across surgical disciplines, including cranial vault remodeling for craniosynostosis. The authors aim to describe the implementation of an ERAS protocol for cranial vault remodeling procedures performed for patients with craniosynostosis at a tertiary care hospital.

Description

Institutional review board approval was received. All patients undergoing a cranial remodeling procedure for craniosynostosis at the authors’ institution over a 10-year period were collected (n = 168). Patient and craniosynostosis demographics were collected as well as operative details. Primary outcome measures were intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) and narcotic usage. Chi squared and independent t-tests were employed to determine significance. A significance value of 0.05 was utilized.

Results

During the time examined, there were 168 primary cranial vault remodeling procedures performed at the authors’ institution - all of which were included in the analysis. Use of the ERAS protocol was associated with decreased initial 24-hour morphine equivalent usage (p < 0.01) and decreased total morphine equivalent usage (p < 0.01). Patients using the ERAS protocol experienced a shorter ICU LOS (p < 0.01), but the total hospital length of stay was unchanged.

Conclusion

This study reiterates the benefit of developing and implementing an ERAS protocol for patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling procedures. The protocol resulted in an overall decreased ICU LOS and a decrease in narcotic use. This has implications for ways to maximize hospital reimbursement for these procedures, as well as potentially improve outcomes.
A Nationwide Analysis of the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Anomalies on Cleft Palate Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Stanton Eloise W. , Manasyan Artur , Roohani Idean , Kondra Katelyn , Haynes Karla , Urata Mark M. , Magee William P. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To increase awareness and improve perioperative care of patients with cleft palate (CP) and coexisting cardiopulmonary anomalies.

Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Multi-center.

Patients/Participants

Patients who underwent surgical repair of CP between 2012–2020 identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric Data File. Chi-squared analysis and Student's t-test were implemented to make associations between congenital heart disease (CHD) and congenital pulmonary disease (CPD) and postoperative complications. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify associations between CP and CHD/CPD while controlling for age, gender, and ASA class. C2 values were used to assess the logistic regressions, with a significance level of 0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Main Outcomes Measures

Length of stay (LOS), perioperative complications (readmission, reoperation, reintubation, wound dehiscence, cerebrovascular accidents, and mortality).

Results

9 96 181 patients were identified in the database, 17 786 of whom were determined to have CP, of whom 16.0% had congenital heart defects (CHD) and 13.2% had congenital pulmonary defects (CPD). Patients with CHD and CPD were at a significantly greater risk of increased LOS and all but one operative complication rate (wound dehiscence) relative to patients with CP without a history of CHD and CPD.

Conclusion

This study suggests that congenital cardiopulmonary disease is associated with increased adverse outcomes in the setting of CP repair. Thus, heightened clinical suspicion for coexisting congenital anomalies in the presence of CP should prompt referring providers to perform a comprehensive and multidisciplinary evaluation to ensure cardiopulmonary optimization prior to surgical intervention.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of MYC Copy Number Amplification in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Tong , Golestani Reza , Zhan Haiying , Krishnamurti Uma , Harigopal Malini , Zhong Minghao , Liang Yuanxin
Published: June 2024

Introduction. MYC overexpression is a known phenomenon in breast cancer. This study investigates the correlation of MYC gene copy number amplification and MYC protein overexpression with coexisting genetic abnormalities and associated clinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients. Methods. The study analyzed data from 81 patients with localized or metastatic breast cancers using targeted next-generation sequencing and MYC immunohistochemical studies, along with pathological and clinical data. Results. Applying the criteria of MYC/chromosome 8 ratio ≥5, MYC copy number amplified tumors (n = 11, 14%) were associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (91% vs 68%, P = .048), poorly differentiated (grade 3, 64% vs 30%, P = .032), mitotically active (Nottingham mitotic score 3, 71% vs 20%, P = .004), estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (45% vs 12%, P = .008), and triple-negative (56% vs 12%, P = .013) compared to MYC non-amplified tumors. Among MYC-amplified breast cancer patients, those with triple-negative status showed significantly shorter disease-free survival time than non-triple negative MYC-amplified patients (median survival month: 25.5 vs 127.6, P = .049). MYC amplification is significantly associated with TP53 mutation ( P = .007). The majority (10 of 11; 91%) of MYC-amplified tumors showed positive c-MYC immunostaining. Conclusion. Breast cancers with MYC copy number amplication display distinct clinicopathologic characteristics indicative of more aggressive behavior.
Testing the Impact of Variations in Administration on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
Authors: Chilver Miranda R. , Burns Richard A. , Botha Ferdi , Butterworth Peter
Published: June 2024

Self-report measures are useful in psychological research and practice, but scores may be impacted by administration methods. This study investigated whether changing the recall period (from 30 to 7 days) and response option order (from ascending to descending) alters the score distribution of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Participants were presented with the K10 with either different recall periods or different response option orders. There was weak evidence of lower mean K10 scores when using a 7-day recall period than when using the 30-day recall period (B = 1.96, 95% CI [0.04–3.90]) but no evidence of a change in the estimated prevalence of very high psychological distress. Presenting the response options in ascending order did not affect mean scores, but there was weak evidence of reduced prevalence of very high distress relative to the descending order (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.60, 95% CI [0.36–0.98]). These findings suggest that varying the administration method may result in minor differences in population estimates of very high psychological distress when using the K10.
Islands and Neurology: An Exploration into a Unique Association
Authors: Dhar Debjyoti , MM Samim , Parvin Naznin , Dey Treshita , Pal Anantini , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2024

The current study investigates the intricate connection between neurology and islands shedding light on the historical, epidemiological, and genetic aspects. Based on an elaborate literature review, we identified neurological conditions having a significant clustering in an island(s), confined to a particular island(s), named after an island, and described first in an island. The genetic factors played a crucial role, uncovering disorders like Cayman ataxia, Machado Joseph disease, SGCE-mediated dystonia-myoclonus syndrome, X-linked dystonia parkinsonism, hereditary transthyretinrelated amyloidosis, Charcot Marie Tooth 4F, and progressive myoclonic epilepsy syndromes, that exhibited remarkable clustering in diverse islands. Local customs also left enduring imprints. Practices such as cannibalism in Papua New Guinea led to Kuru, while cycad seed consumption in Guam triggered Lytico-Bodig disease. Toxin-mediated neurologic disorders exhibited intricate island connections, exemplified by Minamata disease in Kyushu islands and atypical parkinsonism in French Caribbean islands. Additionally, the Cuban epidemic of amblyopia and neuropathy was associated with severe nutritional deficiencies. This study pioneers a comprehensive review narrating the genetic, environmental, and cultural factors highlighting the spectrum of neurological disorders in island settings. It enriches the medical literature with a unique understanding of the diverse influences shaping neurological health in island environments.
A Multi-Country Survey on the Availability of Intraoperative Use of Echocardiography for Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: El Tahan Mohamed M. , Cheng Davy C. , Szegedi Laszlo , Mellin-Olsen Jannicke , Zdravkovic Marko , Lineburger Eric Benedet , Filipescu Daniela , Tritapepe Luigi , Guarracino Fabio , Neto Caetano Nigro , Garcia Paula Camona , Ángel Rodenas Monteagudo Miguel , Granell Manuel Gil , Guillén Rosario Vicente , Gaudard Philippe , Abdulmomen Ahmed , Eldawlatly Abdelazeem Ali , Bubenek-Turconi Serban-Ion , Stoica Radu , Licker Marc , Erdoes Gabor , Mauermann Eckhard , Kirov Mikhail , Lomivorotov Vladimir , Saldien Vera , Momeni Mona , Huang Jiapeng
Published: June 2024

Background

This survey aimed to explore the availability and accessibility of echocardiography during noncardiac surgery worldwide.

Methods

An internet-based 45-item survey was sent, followed by reminders from August 30, 2021, to August 20, 2022.

Results

1189 responses were received from 62 countries. Nearly seventy-one percent of respondents had intraoperatively used transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography (TEE and TTE, respectively) for monitoring or examination. The unavailability of echocardiography machines (30.3%), lack of trained personnel (30.2%), and absence of clinical indications (22.6%) were the top 3 reasons for not using intraoperative echocardiography in noncardiac surgery. About 61.5% of participants had access to at least one echocardiography machine. About 41% had access to at least 1 TEE probe, and 62.2% had access to at least 1 TTE probe. Seventy-four percent of centers had a procedure to request intraoperative echocardiography if needed for noncardiac cases. Intraoperative echocardiography service was immediately available in 58% of centers.

Conclusions

Echocardiography machines and skilled echocardiographers are still unavailable at many centers worldwide. National societies should aim to train a critical mass of certified TEE/TTE anesthesiologists and provide all anesthesiologists access to perioperative TEE/TTE machines in anesthesiology departments, considering the increasing number of older and sicker surgical patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery.
Evaluation of the Physiological and Psychological Impact of Ballet Performances Across Age Cohorts: An Observational Uncontrolled Case Study
Authors: Judge L. W. , Perkins J. , Wells M. , Huffman O. R. , Leger A. , Fontenot R. , Henriksen B. , Bellar D. M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Ballet, epitomized by iconic seasonal performances such as “The Nutcracker,” combines artistic expression with considerable physical demands. This study investigated the physiological and psychological responses of ballet dancers to the demands of intensive training and performance, with a specific focus on “The Nutcracker.” Methods: Thirty- eight dancers volunteered for the study, including 6 youths (10.5 + 1.8 years, n = 6 female), 7 adolescents (15.4 + 1.1 years, n = 5 female), and 25 adults (21.1 + 2.1 years, n = 20 female). Employing an uncontrolled observational design, this pilot study tracked key biomarkers such as CK-MM for muscle damage and B-ALP for bone health, alongside psychological measures via PANAS-C/PANAS and DASS-21. Results: Significant findings included a post-performance reduction in cortisol and depression levels. Conclusion: These insights advocate for tailored strategies that address the multifaceted needs of dancers, acknowledging the intricate balance required to maintain peak performance and overall health within the demanding realm of professional ballet.