bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODE MONITORING DAN EVALUASI : DISKUSI
Authors: Nabiu Musryadi , Sukiyono Ketut
Published: April 2018

This paper was aimed at discussing a quantitative method  for monitoring  and evaluation  (monev) indevelopment  projects.   The first  part,  a  current  concept  and  method  of  monev  will  be  reviewed followed  by discussion  on monev  process  focussing  on the  application  of monev  on project  and sectoral level Keywords: monitoring, evaluation
KORELASI DETERMINAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI DENGAN KECENDERUNGANNYA MERAMBAH HUTAN LlNDUNG D1 TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT (TNKS)
Authors: Purwoko Agus
Published: April 2018

This research  was  to  analyze  the  relationship    between  determinants  of socio-economics  and farmers' tendency   to clear away the forest in Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (TNKS). A survey method was carried out at nine villages in the border of TNKS, Lebong Se/atan subdistrict, Rejang Lebong district.   The total of respondents  were  130 farmers that selected   by proportional simple random sampling based on the size of subpopulation from each village.  Rank Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship  between determinants   of  socio-economics and  farmers'  tendency  to clear  away  the forest in  TNKS.   The results showed most of farmers tend to dear  away the forest in TNKS.  The variables of socioeconomics related to farmers' tendency were the size of farmland, the financing offann,  and family income. Key word:  socio-economic determinants, tendency farming, TNKS.
PERMINTAAN DAN PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG BUAH JPERMINTAAN DAN PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG BUAH JERUK BRASTAGI DI TINGKAT PENGECER DI KOTA BENGKULUERUK BRASTAGI DI TINGKAT PENGECER DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Utama Satria Putra , Sugiarti Sri , Purba Bosko
Published: April 2018

Retailer demand on Brastagi orange is derivate from consumers demand or people in Bengkulu city. On the other hand, there were some factors that influenced demand of Brastagi orange on retailers themselves beside influencing by factor from consumer, like: the number of Brastagi orange that ordered or bought by retailer in the last month, the price of Brastagi orange  bought in this month, the price of Brastagi orange in the retailer in this month, the price of Brastagi orange on the retailer in the last month, the price of Bengkulu (local) orange  in the retailer, the number of Brastagi orange that ordered or bought by consumers in the last month, capital and dummy of place for retailers.  Descriptive analysis was shows that the biggest number of  month ordered  of  Brastagi orange is the demand of Brastagi Orange on  AB type in awning retailer, on the other side the biggest demand  for  Brastagi orange from the retailer without awning  is on super type with  the source of  the whole buying from the agent in Bengkulu City. The system of payment from the agent is pay after  sale. The result of data analysis and hypothesis test (t test) shows that the price of retailer Brastagi Orange order  in this month (X1), capital (X3), the number of Brastagi orange  that bought in the last month (x4t-1), and dummy of trade location (D) were influenced  or significant as partial on Brastagi  orange retailer demand . On the other side, the price of Bengkulu Local orange (X2) was not influence on retailer demand on retailer Brastagi orange. The result of the income analysis were shows that the amount of income from Brastagi orange retailer with awning per month and the income of the Brastagi orange retailer without awning month. However, the  result of analysis from statistic test shows that different of income retailer with awning  compare to retailer without awning was not significant.                     Key words : demand, income, brastagi orange
ANALISIS TITIK IMPAS DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI KARET DI DESA TALANG PERAPAT KECAMATAN SELUMA BARAT KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Sugiarti Sri
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed at estimacy to break even point, level of profit and barganing position on the marketing system, was conducted village talang Perapat, in the subdistrict of Seluma Barat Seluma district. Break even point analysis which describe the ratio between revenue and fixed cost and profit was used. At a selling price for structure  rubber bat of beginning the seventh years Rp 1300, break  even point 5,24  for Kg/Ha/ year were lower than average fild productivitas. In this situation, the level of profit and berganing position in structur rubber bath bath enough hing to be profitable.
PENGGUNAAN KAYU BAKAR UNTUK RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA SEKITAR TAMAN HUTAN RAYA RAJOLELO BENGKULU
Authors: Ban Putranto , Syariffudin Joni
Published: April 2018

The study aims to observe the use of fuelwood by people living near Tahura Rajolelo Bengkulu. This study explored two villages as the subjects, desa Dusun Baru I and desa Tanjung Terdana.  Thirty-one (10% IS) households were selected (using stratified random sampling methods) as samples.  Data of fuelwood consumption was measured by directly weighing the fuelwood used for daily activities. Fuelwood preference, methods of collecting fuelwood and other social-economic data were gathered by interviewing the selected families.  From the study it was figured out that; (1) fuelwood consumption of the families in desa Dusun Baru I and Tanjung Terdana were very high, (2) the high consumption   is the impact of the consumption for protecting cattle and the inefficient use of fuelwood for cooking, (3) the fuelwood consumption of the family was significantly affected by the number of people in the family, and (4) women held the main role in collecting fuelwood.Keywords: fuelwood, tahura, Rajolelo
Keragaan Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir (PEMP) di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Cahyadinata Indra
Published: April 2018

This research carried out to analyze implementation of PEMP program to coastal community in Engulf Regency. Unit analyze in this research are input, process and output. Human resources as input in implementation PEMP characterized by age 25-65 year, experience 0-40 years and 0-270 workday each years. There is limitation of time in implementation PEMP program, so that processing of inputs become output is in optimal. Economic productive funds (DEP), equal to Rap 1.654.700.000, have been distributed to 395 persons and 3 Spin’s within 4-11 months.  Key words: human resources, limitation of time, economic productive fund
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN KEMAMPULABAAN TIGA AGROINDUSTRI VCO D1 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Nabiu Musryadi , Yuliarti Ellys , Manurung Esteria
Published: April 2018

This research was did on Bengkulu town at June until July 2006 with purpose to know how many VCO agroindustry can create the value added, profit level and  efficiency level of production cost structure from 3 VCO  industries  in Bengkulu town. Location Determination  Method is by purposive  with reason that VCO agroindustri  in Bengkulu  town have existing  and property  commercial.  Respondent  determination method  is by purposive,  sum samples  in this  research  are three  VCO agro industry.  Data used in this research, are primary and secondary.   analysis method in this research  are value added of processing, Break  Event  Point  (BEP)     and  profltability.Analisis   yield   Value  Added  processing   1 grain  coconut processing  are  VCO Dara 2.5761Btr, NeoVico  Rp 2.05218tr and  VCO Raffesia Rp 2. 1951Btr.Total high more fix cost are VCORaffesia  Rp 1.548.747 (57,72 %) / pp, and VCO Dara Rp 609.413 (22,7 %)/pp and than low is rank  fix cost"  NeOVico Rp   524.751  (19,55  %)/pp.  Total high more  variabel cost are  VCO Raflesia   Rp  2.628.410   (55,33   %)/pp  and  than  low  is  rank   variabel   cost  NeoVico  Rp   1.182.596 (34, 25%)/pp.  Profitability  for  VCO  Dara  agroindustri   at juny/pp   large  Rp  1.834.000  (55%),  NeoVico agroindustri  large Rp Rp1.679.370 (50 %)/pp and VCO Raflesia large 3.615.300 (46 %)/pp. Key words:  Added Value, Profitabifity, VCO Agorindustry
PENDUGAAN FUNGSI KEUNTUNGAN DAN RISIKO USAHATANI SAWI PAHIT (Brasischa juncea) DI DESA SAMBIREJO KECAMATAN SELUPU REJANG KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Utama Satria Putra , Badrudin Redy , Rien Merry
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to estimate of profit,  know determinant factors of profit, and measure farm risk level. The research location was determined purposive in Sambirejo village, Selupu Rejang district of Rejang Lebong region. 34 sample was using by simple random sampling method. Summed uply sample counted 34 responder people. Data used were primary and secondary data then analysed qualitative and also quantitative. The analyzed method that used to see the stock of production factors used descriptive method. Analyzed data to profit that was total of revenue less the total cost. Profit function of UOP Cobb Douglas used to know influence of production factors to profit. Coefficient variation used to measure farm risk level. Result of this research showed that, the average of farmer’s profit from the bitter mustard farming in sambirejo village, rejang lebong region on planting season of May/Juni are Rp.914.382,33/farm or Rp.4.747.964,79/Ha, and planting season of Feb/Maret are Rp.1.025.509,72/farm or Rp.6.698.378,53/Ha. Variable which influenced negatively and  significantly  on profit function of bitter mustard farming in sambirejo village, Selupu Rejang district of Rejang Lebong region on planting season of Feb/Maret and May/Juni are the land fare (X8*), production amount (X9*) and dummy variable (season plant). whereas, variables which influenced negatively and unsignificantly are the price of seed (X1*), the price of urea (X2*), but the price of dursban (X5*) influence positively and also has tendency to increase the profit of bitter mustard profit. The lowest value of risk (CV) or the level of risk on bitter mustard farming at Feb Maret is 0,50 or 50 percent with the bottom limit of profit (L) as Rp.-32.654,07/Ha. And at May/Juni is 0,57 or 57 percent with the bottom limit of profit as Rp.-691.212,19/Ha.Key word : Profit function, Farming risk
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL DENGAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KELOMPOK PETANI PEMAKAI AIR (KP2A) (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Seginim Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan)
Authors: Purwoko Agus , Yuliarso M. Zulkarnain , Ardiyansyah .
Published: April 2018

This research aim to know internal factors and eksternal relation with participation rate the members of water users farmers group in Subdistrict of Seginim of Regency of Bengkulu South arch. This research conducted on 1-15 August 2006 in Subdistrict of Seginim of Regency of Bengkulu South arch. Responder determination conducted with Samle Random Sampling, where responder amount taken by as much 60 responder. Model Rank-Spearmans used to conduct expense function analysis, while for the input levying conducted by a analysis descriptively.Result of research indicate that egoism rate, perception, motivation and communication have a significant relation with participation rate the members of water user farmers group in Subdistrict of Seginim of Regency of Bengkulu South arch. Key Word: water users farmers group
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. PUPUK SRIWIJAYA (Persero) PEMASARAN PUSRI DAERAH (PPD) BENGKULU
Authors: Sumantri Bambang , Cahyadinata Indra , Apriansyah Yulian
Published: April 2018

PT. Pupuk Sriwijya Pemasaran Pusri Daerah (PPD) Bengkulu is one suboffice of PT. Pusri Palembang. It has contribution to local government of Bengkulu in the term of channeling and distribution fertilizer to farmer and plantation companies. As the biggest fertilizer marketing company PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya PPD Bengkulu uses operating funding. Each company has objective to maximize profit and minimize cost. The financial ratio minimize cost depicts the financial performace in exploiting its assets, in other words, shows the financial of company. Main aspect in the assessment of financial performance is represented by good balance attainment between debt and assets. The results show that the financial performace of PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya PPD Bengkulu for 10 year (1997-2006) period in term of liquidity ratio is likuid, , in term of solvability ratio, the ratio  above standard or it is solvable, looking at activity ratio, the company experience to continunes improvement every year,  Then rentability ratio show the trend improvement every year and it has the high mean improvement. Base on these findings financial performace of PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya PPD Bengkulu shows a healthiness. Key word : liquidity, solvability, activity, rentability, financial healthy
FAKTOR –FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN PSIKOLOGIS YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KOPERASI CITRA BARU SEKTOR AGRIBISNIS
Authors: Badrudin Redy , Nusril . , Aminah .
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research were to know description socio economic and pshicology factors, Participation rate and the related socio economic and pshicology factors and participated members Citra Baru Cooperative in agribusiness sector. This Researh use description and  analysis methode use Statistic non parametric Rank Spearman correlation , and interval  in 95 % significant. The factors is age, formal education, experience, family members, revenue of house hold, motivation credit and perception to the service, n agribusiness prorame. The research show in  Dec 13 th – Jan 13 th  in riak siabun village sukaraja Seluma. Participation rate in middle category, the Factors that related are formal education experience, motivation, and perception to the service Keywords : Socio economis and pshicolgy factors, cooperative, participation.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI PENGHASILAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA PEMETIK TEH DI PTP. NUSANTARA VI KAYU ARO KABUPATEN KERINCI PROPINSI JAMBI
Authors: Priyono Basuki Sigit , Cahyadinata Indra , Setiowati .
Published: April 2018

The research was conducted in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro, Regency of Kerinci, Jambi  Province on July to August 2006. The respondents are daily fix employees (DFE) of female tea picker, research location was chosen purposively. Aims of the research are: to know the productivity level, income level and contribution level to the family income of tea picker female worker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro Regenci of Kerinci, Jambi Province. Sampling conducted by Simple Random Sampling, total samples are 102 respondents of 1,011 people population. Statistic analysis used in the research is Rank Spearman (rs) correlation test by reliability level 95% (a/2 = 0.025) and to examine the significance level used two ways t-test. In order to describe the characteristic and income level were used central measurement or score average of whole respondents as categorizing used value rank (interval). Based on result and discussion of the research, average of work productivity of tea picker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro is 5.55 kg/h and average income of tea picker female worker that gained by picking tea is Rp. 727,637.27/months by contribution of 58.31%. Statistic analysis result by Rank Spearman correlation test has known that factors of responsibility family member, motivation, and perception to income has significant correlation to the productivity level of tea picker female worker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro. Factors of age, formal education, work experience and perception to company facilities have  not significant correlation to the productivity level of female worker of tea picker. Keyword : Productivity, Contribution, Female Worker of Tea Pickers
TINGKAT PENGEMBALIAN KREDIT NASABAH UPKD DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA (Studi di Desa Pagar Agung Kecamatan Seluma Barat Kabupaten Seluma)
Authors: Maryono .
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to know the rate of return credit from costumers of Pagar Agung UPKD and to know the factors which influence the rate of return credit from the costumer of Pagar Agung UPKD by using primary and secondary data. Data was taken from 35 sample of costumers by using “purposive”. The statistic analisis which been used in this research was multiple linier regression by using one tail of t-test with confidence level of 95 % (? = 0,05) and f-test with confidence level 95 % (? = 0,05). The result of research showed that the rate of return credit highly varied according to the costumers ability and willingess The result of research by using multiple linier regression showed that on the confidence level of 95 % the long term to be costumers, household income, amount of family respon sibility,  education, level of credit were influential significantly, whereas the variable of, age, consumtion and work status were not influential significantly toward the credit rate ot return. Key word : Credit, Rate of Return, Costumers.
KAJIAN SOSIAL-EKONOMI DALAM PELAKSANAAN SISTEM INTEGRASI SAPI-KELAPA SAWIT (SISS) DI PT AGRICINAL KAB. BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Purwoko Agus , Sumantri Bambang
Published: April 2018

The research  was conducted to study factors that correlated with harvest labours’ motivation to join the program of systematic cow cattle integration in oil palm plantation (SISS), to investigate the harvest labours’ net income from SISS and its contribution to family income, and  to examine factors that were influencing the return rate of credit. The research was conducted in PT Agricinal, an oil palm plantation in North Bengkulu Regency.  The respondents for the research consisted of 83 harvest labours were selected from 3 afdellings proporsionally using simple random sampling method.  Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions.  Harvest labours’ age, net income from SISS, the number of dependency family, empathi, and dogmatism were significantly correlated with the labours’ motivation to join the program of SISS.  The average of harvest labours’ monthly net income from SISS was Rp. 1.23 million and its contribution to family income was 98.71 percents.  While the return rate of credit was only 43.27 percent and it was significantly influenced by the harvest labours’ education and the total of credit.    PT Agricinal should be maintaining the harmony relationship with harverst labours in order to improve their work motivation.  In addition, the regulation of SISS program should be conveyed not only in oral but also in writing in order to guarantee the harvest labours to do their job.  Key word:  SISS,  labours motivation, labours net income, and the return rate of credit
KAJIAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN SELUMA PROPINSI BENGKULU)
Authors: Cahyadinata Indra , Iryansyah Risqie
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to define the corn farmer's behaviour  in Seluma Regency of Bengkulu  Province on inputs and outputs allocation, and determine  of production factors influencing  corn production.  The research was located in three villages in Seluma Regency, namely Riak Siabun, Sido Luhur,  and Sumber Arum. Sixty two farmers were selected using stratified random sampling  method. In this research, the analitical description was used to analyse farmer  behaviour. In order to determine the input and output allocation of the corn productions,  this research used the function of production  Cobb-Douglas  approach. The result showed found that the behaviour of the farmers to choose corn was due to the corn was easy to sell and cultivate. However, the farmers  found  that it  is  hard to access some production factors,  such as seed, fertilizer,  and pesticide. Their prices were also high, and these were contradicted  to the product's  price which was low. Tis research also found that land area is the main factor that has a significant  impacts on production  while other factors were not.Key words: corn, determined factors, production.
KEADAAN EKONOMI RUMAHTANGGA PETANI JAMBU METE DI KABUPATEN BUTON SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Yusria Wa Ode
Published: April 2018

The research is aimed to investigate an economic welfare of cashew farmer household in Buton regency economically.  This study has been done in Buton regency.  Research area is selected purposively with 60 farmers selected as respondents with consideration whose can speaks Indonesian and willing for interviewed.  Data are analyzed using regression model approach.The result of this study showed that cashew farmer householsd in Buton regency economically were wealth and non poor farmers as indicated by good service ratio (GSR) of 0.99865.Key words: Household welfare, cashew farmer, good service ratio
PERDAGANGAN UBIKAYU INDONESIA DI PASAR DUNIA (Indonesia Cassava Trade in World Market)
Authors: Asriani Putri Suci
Published: April 2018

There are lack of information andmisunderstanding, amongeconomic agents in agriculture farming system related to cassava potencies as food, feed, and industrial resources in agribusiness system. There are, among others, due to assymetric information system for economic potential of cassava marketing system (export and domestic market) in Indonesia, as well as, the information of production and potencies of cassava market in Indonesia, export and domestic market.  Economic strategic to develop strive the cassava productivity is feasible to fulfill export and domestic requirement. Information in production allocation  and marketing system for export and domesti consumption of cassava will be useful to design strategies for the product development in order to support food security.Key words: Cassava; Production; Potencies; Export and domestic marketing system.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN TELUR DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN (Analysis of Egg Demand in Sleman District)
Authors: Suryani Ani
Published: April 2018

The objectives of this research are to determine factors affecting egg demand during the period of 1991 to 2007, and to examine the prospect of egg as inferior, normal or superior commodity in Sleman District. The research location is determined purposively. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with time series data (1991-2007). This study uses demand function approach by applying multiple regression model estimated using OLS (ordinary least square).The result of estimation shows that the partial demand of egg in Sleman District is caused by the price of fish, rice, population, income per capita and economical crisis. The elasticity of egg demand toward price elasticity is inelastic in the scale of 0.59. Egg in this district is categorized as a normal goo. This conclusion is based on finding that income per capita is positively correlated toward egg demand with the coefficient of regressionof 0.36. Egg consumption at Sleman district from time to time tends to increase coinciding with the growth of income per capita.Key words : Demand, Egg, Elasticity, Forecasting, Normal Good.
Second Languages in New Brunswick 1972 Edition
Authors: Russell Lois P.
Published: April 2018

Second Languages occupy a place of special importance in the New Brunswick curriculum. To many Canadians, the term “second language” invariably calls to mind the French language, but when one remembers that approximately 40% of the New Brunswick population is French-speaking, it is not surprising that English as a second language has been receiving a good deal of attention the last few years. It should be pointed out that New Brunswick has a parallel school system: one for the English and one for the French. The mother tongue of the pupil is the language of instruction for all subjects from Grades 1 to 12, with the other official language being taught as the second language.
Paradigm Shifts and Directions of the Tilt
Authors: Phillips June K.
Published: April 2018

Journalists, scientists, and economists delight in illustrating the force of statistics so as to provoke our ability to imagine or envision in concrete terms. They compare the expanding knowledge base exponentially with citations such as: More societal changes have occurred in the last fifty years than in the previous five centuries! We in the United States stand stunned in Times Square and watch the deficit increase as illuminated digits tumble faster than the mind can process. In the field of second language learning, change has not been equally dramatic in substance or speed, yet the theories and practices upon which our discipline is based have been shaken up, not enough to collapse but certainly enough to detect a major shift in the paradigm and to discern some definite directions to the tilt.
The Output Hypothesis: Just Speaking and Writing Aren't Enough
Authors: Swain Merrill
Published: April 2018

As a person who has been actively involved in research in French immersion education for approximately two decades, I am frequently told "immersion anecdotes" which often serve to provide a possible explanation for our research results. I wish now that I had kept a file of those anecdotes: They have been rich in description and detail, and are unique for the insights they contribute into the second language learning process. These anecdotes have come from parents, teachers and learners. It has been especially the anecdotes of the immersion learners themselves which have provided much of the stimulus for my own thinking about "the output hypothesis." This brief paper outlines some of that thinking and some of the implications it has for immersion pedagogy in particular, and second language learning in general.
Reflections on the Use of Technology in my Language Career
Authors: Wolfe David E.
Published: April 2018

I learned foreign languages the old-fashioned way-from a traditional textbook. My teachers had no audiotapes, no videotapes, no computers, no overhead projectors. In those days a publisher only had to provide a textbook, but no ancillaries. I often wonder if I could have learned more, and learned it better if we had had exposure to authentic materials (i.e., would my listening comprehension have been in advance of my translation ability?).
All Teachers are Second Language Teachers
Authors: Genesee Fred
Published: April 2018

The general theme of this 50th anniversary issue is the future of second/foreign language teaching and learning. I have chosen to focus on second language teaching and learning and, in particular, on teaching English-as-a-second-language because, in fact, English is the most widely taught and learned second language around the world. One of the obvious reasons for this is demographic-many English-speaking countries are currently receiving large numbers of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries. As a result, there are many non-or limited English-speaking students in many, if not most, urban schools in these countries. These students need to learn English as a second language in order to benefit fully from education and, ultimately, in order to integrate socially and prosper economically in their new homelands because English is the primary medium of communication for education and social interaction in society at large. It is future directions in responding to this educational challenge that I would like to address briefly here.
Lessons from the Younger Set
Authors: Handscombe Jean
Published: April 2018

The "younger set" of my title refers to school-aged students in English-medium schools in Canada. These children may themselves be immigrants to Canada or may begin school having come from a home where a language other than English or French is the normal language of communication. In either case, one of their priorities is the learning of English as a second language (ESL). The "lessons" are six statements-an attempt to capture understandings which many teachers of these children have come to value. The significance of the statements to me is that all six reflect, at least to some extent, a departure from the current collective wisdom of those engaged in English as a second language teaching within the adult sector. I make no claim that those who work in adult settings have never implemented, or at least considered, these ideas. I claim only that the conditions which exist in school-aged ESL teaching have caused those involved in that arena to pay particular attention to these notions and to develop their implementation quite fully. I am suggesting that some further use of these notions beyond schoolaged settings may well be warranted.
Error Correction in French Immersion
Authors: Froc Myra L.
Published: April 2018

Supported by the recent work of Lyster, Adair-Hauck & Donato and others, the author examines the problems associated with interlanguage in French immersion and how teachers can use the writing process to help students develop the target language. Of particular interest is the suggestion that language can be mediated through conferencing sessions, and in so doing, propel students into their zone of proximal development.
Lexical Learning and Reading in L2 at the Beginner Level: The Advantage of Cognates
Authors: Tréville Marie-Claude
Published: April 2018

Adult second language learners at the college or university level possess well-developed cognitive faculties in addition to a first language (Ll) system that is fully integrated in their mental structure. Over the years, second language (L2) teaching, submitting to the dogmas of successive approaches, has not always made good use of these assets, and has sometimes even excluded them. At the present time, when the focus of educators is on individual learners and their pragmatic goals, it appears appropriate to search for ways of facilitating L2 learning and, more specifically, of facilitating genuine language use such as reading, right from the start. With this goal in mind, the early exploitation of the numerous lexical similarities between L1 and L2 in the case of English and French appears to be a key means of facilitating language learning. Cognates, or words common to both languages, represent a point of departure for developing knowledge about the morphology and semantics of words and their syntactic and discursive functions, as well as a practical command of reading vocabulary. Without explicit guidance, it seems that learners do not necessarily recognize and take advantage of cognate relationships between the L1 and L2 (Harley, Hart, & Lapkin, 1986; Lightbown & Libben, 1984). The classroom experiment described in this chapter examines the merits of an initial focus on French/English cognates as a means of expanding the vocabulary of beginning-level French L2 learners in a university context.
Second Language Word Decoding Strategies
Authors: Zuckemick Howard
Published: April 2018

Over the past decade, one of the central topics studied in the research in first language (Ll) vocabulary and reading has been the processes that readers use in word decoding and word recognition. This area of investigation is important because it has been shown that perceiving and comprehending already known words in a text is one factor that leads to successful reading comprehension and speed (Walker, 1983). Readers are able to understand the meanings of new and unfamiliar words through a combination of contextual clues (Palmberg, 1987), schemata (Parry, 1987), and morphological clues afforded by cognates, word families and word formation (Tyler & Nagy, 1989). However, if second language (L2) readers are handicapped by slower or less accurate word decoding and recognition processing strategies, it will be more difficult for them to integrate contextual clues into an understanding of the unknown words. This has been found to be true even if the word's meaning is explicitly presented in the text (Haynes & Carr, 1990).Aspecific complication in word decoding and recognition research is that we do not yet know whether the processes used in all languages are similar, and whether speakers of English as a second language (ESL) transfer their L1 decoding strategies when reading in their second language. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the word decoding strategies used in reading English by advanced non-native speakers whose L1 is Finnish, and compare their strategies with those used by native English speakers.
Taking the Next Steps: Toward a coherent Language Education Policy for British Columbia
Authors: Reeder Kenneth , Hasebe-Ludt Erika , Thomas Lynn
Published: April 2018

As a response to the recent release of the British Columbia Ministry of Education's Language Education Policy document this paper explores some important issues pertaining to policy-making in language education. Beginning with a brief look at the history of language education policy in British Columbia and the current international situation, the paper goes on to discuss implications of educational language policy for teacher education and examines the knowledge bases and related resources required for policy development. The authors note that this policy document does not elaborate on some crucial points related to language education, and that many aspects of the document point to a greater concern with developing intercultural tolerance and favourable attitudes toward language learning than language proficiency. Possible future actions in the development of a more defined provincial language education policy are proposed with an emphasis on the need for consultation and collaboration.
Results of a quality improvement initiative reassessing an institutional lumbar drain infection prevention protocol
Authors: Lewis Ariane , Rothstein Aaron , Pacione Donato
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a quality improvement initiative in which daily antibiotics and daily sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were discontinued for patients with lumbar drains.

METHODS

The frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs), antibiotic-related complications (development of Clostridium difficile infection [CDI] and growth of resistant bacteria), and cost for patients with lumbar drains were compared during 3 periods: 1) prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PPSA) until the time of drain removal and daily CSF sampling (September 2013–2014), 2) PPSA and CSF sampling once after placement then as needed (January 2015–2016), and 3) antibiotics only during placement of the lumbar drain and CSF sampling once after placement then as needed (April 2016–2017).

RESULTS

Thirty-nine patients were identified in period 1, 53 patients in period 2, and 39 patients in period 3. There was no change in the frequency of SSI after discontinuation of routine CSF testing or PPSA (0% in period 1, 2% in period 2, and 0% in period 3). In periods 1 and 2, 3 patients developed infections due to resistant organisms and 2 patients had CDI. In period 3, 1 patient had an infection due to a resistant organism. The median cost of CSF tests per patient was $100.68 (interquartile range [IQR] $100.68–$134.24) for patients in period 1 and $33.56 (IQR $33.56–$33.56) in periods 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). The median cost of antibiotics per patient was $26.32 (IQR $26.32–$30.65) in periods 1 and 2 and $3.29 ($3.29–$3.29) in period 3 (p < 0.001). The cost associated with growth of resistant bacteria and CDI was $91,291 in periods 1 and 2 and $25,573 in period 3.

CONCLUSIONS

After discontinuing daily antibiotics and daily CSF sampling for patients with lumbar drains, the frequency of SSI was unchanged and the frequency of antibiotic-related complications decreased.
Multiple extraspinal recurrences of ependymoma 13 years after spinal cordectomy: case report
Authors: Whitaker-Lea Wittstatt Alexandra , Graham Robert Scott , Muizelaar Jan Paul , Richard Hope T.
Published: April 2018

Ependymomas of the spinal cord remain confined to the CNS and vary in presentation, depending on WHO grade. Higher-grade lesions usually cannot be surgically removed due to their infiltrative growth pattern. Spinal cordectomy has been proposed as a rescue treatment to improve survival in patients with high-grade as well as recurrent lesions. This report details an instructive and unique case of long-term follow-up of a patient who underwent cordectomy from T-4 through S-5 for what was initially diagnosed as a high-grade glial neoplasm of the spinal cord in 1993. The patient lived symptom free for 13 years after spinal cord resection and then presented with numerous bilateral extraspinal (intraabdominal and intrathoracic) tumors, which eventually led to her death 15 years after the cordectomy. In this case, spinal cordectomy was effective in preventing the ascending spread of the neoplasm, but ultimately not effective in preventing recurrence in the plicated distal dural sac.
Complications following lengthening of spinal growing implants: is postoperative admission necessary?
Authors: Shaw K. Aaron , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Devito Dennis P. , Murphy Joshua S.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of postoperative admission status on 30-day perioperative complications in patients with growing spinal instrumentation undergoing surgical lengthening.

METHODS

This retrospective case-control study of records from the 2014–2015 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric database was performed to identify surgical lengthening procedures of spinal implants in patients with growing instrumentation by Current Procedural Terminology code. The 30-day postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. Patients were subdivided according to their postsurgical admission status. Admission status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification, tracheostomy, neuromuscular diagnosis, ventilator dependence, and nutritional support were considered as possible risk factors in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 796 patients were identified (mean age 9.09 ± 3.44 years; 54% of patients were female), of whom 73% underwent lengthening on an inpatient basis. Patients with a tracheostomy or ventilator dependence were more likely to be admitted postoperatively. The overall rate of major complications was 3.5% and did not differ based on admission status (2.8% inpatient vs 3.8% outpatient, p = 0.517). On univariate analysis, ventilator dependence (9.5% vs 2.7%, p = 0.002), need for nutritional support (7.1% vs 2.5%, p = 0.006), and ASA class > II (4.8% vs 1.3%, p = 0.04) placed patients at a higher risk for any postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis identified only ventilator dependence as an independent risk factor for any perioperative complication.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative admission status did not affect the rate of 30-day perioperative complications, readmission, or rate of unplanned operations following lengthening of growing spinal instrumentation. Outpatient lengthening appears to be safe; however, consideration for postoperative admission should be given for those who are ventilator dependent.
Jerusalemites and the Issue of Citizenship in the Context of Israeli Settler-Colonialism
Authors: Salem Walid
Published: April 2018

This article aims to unmask the relationship between the Zionist settler-colonial project and its policies towards the citizenship of the indigenous Palestinian population of East Jerusalem. The article analyses Zionist citizenship politics in detail and how they play together the role of destroying the three (legal, national belonging, and societal membership) dimensions of citizenship for the Palestinians in East Jerusalem. I argue that settler-colonialism presents a more accurate typology for the analysis of the situation in Jerusalem in comparison to the other typologies of equality, occupation, neocolonialism, ethnocracy and open ethnocracy.
Citizenship and Inequality: The Case of Jerusalem
Authors: Schwarzenbach Sibyl A.
Published: April 2018

Two models of citizenship predominate in Western political thought: the model of ancient warrior and the model of modern producer. Both are traditionally male activities and tend to produce inequalities in society rather than mitigate them. A third model of citizenship exists, reaching back to Aristotle, whose goal is to reduce inequalities and realise a civic friendship among all citizens, but such is generally considered ‘unrealistic’ today. If we consider the theoretically underappreciated ethical reproductive activities of women, however, together with the Gandhian tradition of non-violent civil disobedience, this third model of political action emerges as possible and may be relevant to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict over Jerusalem.
Silver Nanowires: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jones Richard S. , Draheim Roger R. , Roldo Marta
Published: April 2018

Silver is well known for its antibacterial properties and low toxicity, and it is currently widely used both in the form of ions and of nanoparticles in many diverse products. One-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) have the potential to further enhance the properties of nanosilver-containing products, since they appear to have higher antimicrobial efficacy and lower cytotoxicity. While they are widely used in optics and electronics, more studies are required in order to better understand their behavior in the biological environment and to be able to advance their application in uses such as wound healing, surface coating and drug delivery.
An Effective Directional Residual Interpolation Algorithm for Color Image Demosaicking
Authors: Yu Ke , Wang Chengyou , Yang Sen , Lu Zhiwei , Zhao Dan
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we propose an effective directional Bayer color filter array (CFA) demosaicking algorithm based on residual interpolation (RI). The proposed directional interpolation algorithm aims to reduce computational complexity and get more accurate interpolated pixel values in the complex edge areas. We use the horizontal and vertical weights to combine and smooth color difference estimations. Compared with four directional weights in minimized Laplacian residual interpolation, the proposed algorithm not only guarantees the quality of color images but also reduces the computational complexity. Generally, the directional estimations may be inaccurately calculated because of the false edge information in irregular edges. We alleviate it by using a new method to calculate the directional color difference estimations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides outstanding performance compared with some previous algorithms, especially in the complex edge areas. In addition, it has lower computational complexity and better visual effect.
Performance Evaluation of a Chinese Lean Iron Ore as the Oxygen Carrier in Multi and Short-Time Redox Cycles
Authors: Wang Xudong , Wang Xiaojia , Hu Xiaoyu , Shao Yali , Jin Zhaoyang , Jin Baosheng
Published: April 2018

The performance of a Chinese lean iron ore as the oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Considering the short contact time between the fuel gas and oxygen carrier in the sub-pilot experimental setup, the short injection time of CO was employed in the reactor to simulate this event. The injection time of CO was set to 60 s, 50 s and 40 s respectively, to investigate its effects on the reactivity of the oxygen carrier. A total of 100 cyclic reactions under each condition were carried out to test the reactivity stability of the oxygen carrier. The oxygen carriers prior and after reactions were characterized using SEM, XRD and BET. Results showed that there was an activation process of the reactivity during initial cycles. The extension of the reaction time was beneficial to the diffusion of CO into the oxygen carrier and could improve the conversion of CO. Also, it could form larger pore volumes for gas diffusion in the oxygen carrier. However, it led to the formation of the Fe2SiO4 and severe sintering on the surface, which was harmful to the stability of the oxygen carrier’s reactivity.
Crude Glycerol as an Innovative Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Zubaidi Isam Al , Jones Robert , Alzughaibi Mohammed , Albayyadhi Moayed , Darzi Farzad , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: April 2018

Crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, was evaluated as a potential green inhibitor for steel corrosion in an acidic environment. The study was conducted using steel specimens placed in hydrochloric acid solutions (0.5 M) at a constant room temperature (25 °C) and crude glycerol concentrations in the range 0.1%–1.0% w/w. The criteria used to evaluate the extent of corrosion were the weight loss and corrosion rate. Additionally, fresh and spent samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. It was found that, generally, the corrosion inhibition increased with the inhibitor concentration. Results also showed that the maximum inhibition efficiency was achieved at 70 h residence time after which the inhibition efficiency at a given concentration either remained unchanged or dropped slight. Additionally, the overall maximum inhibition efficiency (98%) was observed at 70 h residence time and a 1% inhibitor concentration.
The Effect of Pet Therapy and Artist Interactions on Quality of Life in Brain Tumor Patients: A Cross-Section of Art and Medicine in Dialog
Authors: Petranek Stefan , Pencek Jennifer , Dey Mahua
Published: April 2018

With the evolution of modern medical treatment strategies, there also comes the realization that many times we reach a point where traditional goals of medical care, such as overall survival or disease-free survival, are not realistic goals for many patients facing devastating illnesses. One such disease is malignant primary brain tumors, known as malignant glioma (MG). With median survival of only 20.9 months following best available standard of care treatment strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and tumor treating fields, MG is one of the deadliest malignancies of the modern era. Along the course of treating patients with MG, clinicians often realize that traditional treatment therapies can at best provide incremental benefit of symptom management without any survival benefit. However, even in these difficult situations, it is possible to make significant positive changes in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using creative, non-traditional interventions. In this paper, we describe the initial findings from our project that takes a unique approach to studying the intersections of clinical care and art by using pet therapy and art-making as interventions for patients diagnosed with brain tumors. Our preliminary findings suggest that pet therapy and the ability to reflect as well as speak about their journey through a life-altering disease significantly increases patients’ overall feeling of wellbeing and reduces anxiety about future uncertainty.
Immobilization of Planococcus sp. S5 Strain on the Loofah Sponge and Its Application in Naproxen Removal
Authors: Dzionek Anna , Wojcieszyńska Danuta , Hupert-Kocurek Katarzyna , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata , Guzik Urszula
Published: April 2018

Planococcus sp. S5, a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the activated sludge is known to degrade naproxen in the presence of an additional carbon source. Due to the possible toxicity of naproxen and intermediates of its degradation, the whole cells of S5 strain were immobilized onto loofah sponge. The immobilized cells degraded 6, 9, 12 or 15 mg/L of naproxen faster than the free cells. Planococcus sp. cells immobilized onto the loofah sponge were able to degrade naproxen efficiently for 55 days without significant damage and disintegration of the carrier. Analysis of the activity of enzymes involved in naproxen degradation showed that stabilization of S5 cells in exopolysaccharide (EPS) resulted in a significant increase of their activity. Changes in the structure of biofilm formed on the loofah sponge cubes during degradation of naproxen were observed. Developed biocatalyst system showed high resistance to naproxen and its intermediates and degraded higher concentrations of the drug in comparison to the free cells.