bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nature, Terms and Legal Effects of Presale or Pre-Construction Contracts of Building (Apartment)
Authors: Tabatabai Seyed Jafar
Published: December 2016

Modern living in present-day in the territory of contracts, as in many other fields, has led to numerous and complex phenomena. One of its manifestations is the construction (constructing) phenomenon and its pre-sale contracts. Sale of the building and apartment units before their construct is a common problem in today's society that it depends on pre-sales or pre-construction contracts. The long duration of construction projects and fluctuations in materials prices, especially considering the today’s economic situation is one of the important reason for the development of pre-sales contracts in Iran. This study has been carried as a descriptive analytical one to examine and identify the nature, conditions (terms) and legal effects of pre-sold or pre-construction contracts and among the results of this study are that; the presale contract of construction (building) despite the fact that sales did not exist at the time of conclusion of the contract, can be considered as the same sale. The producing of ordered goods is the responsibility of artificial maker (manufacturer) and the made should be determined and death and time to deliver the goods must be determined. The determination of price also as determination of made is very important and must be delivered to the makers according to contract.
Victim’s Right of Access to International Criminal Courts
Authors: Foroughi Fazlollah , Dastan Zahra
Published: December 2016

Due to quantitative expansion and evolution in committing the crime at the international level, the scope of criminal proceedings has been widened significantly. Tolerance and forgiveness towards crimes that happen at international level not only is a double oppression on the victims, but also provide a fertile context for others to commit crimes more daringly. Thus, it is essential that international criminals are held accountable to the law and competent institution, and the realization of this issue leads to the victim satisfaction in international law. Not only in international law, but also in domestic law, show respect and protection of human rights is effective only when there is an effective justice system to guarantee the rights. Although some international crimes practically occur by the government or at least high-ranking government officials, the Statute of the International Criminal Court has reiterated this point that they only have jurisdiction over the crimes committed by natural persons rather than legal entities, which one good example is governments, and although the real victims of these crimes have been human beings, in the case of action and referring the case to the competent international courts, these are the states (rather than the victims) that actually have the right of access to the authorities and not beneficiaries .Thus, at the first step, we should see whether the Court has jurisdiction over the crime committed by the government and whether people can file an action independently in the International Criminal Court or not? When people, rather than governments, are beneficiaries in some international crimes, why only the government and not the people is the plaintiff? And what is the right of the victim in such category of crimes? Accordingly, the current research seeks to examine these rights and restrictions, and relevant limitations.
Review and Application of Rule of No Loss and Negation of Distress and Constriction in Iranian Civil Law
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra , Pourjavaheri Ali
Published: December 2016

Jurisprudential rules are rules that are legislated on the way to gain divine religious commandments, but this use was not in a chapter of inference and mediation, but also it is in chapter of implementation and jurisprudential rules have been used as foundations of many articles legal in Iranian civil law. So considering the importance of these rules, the general aim of this research is investigate frequently used jurisprudential rules in Iranian civil law with an emphasis on (rule of no loss, negation of distress and constriction and beneficence). It should be noted, the rule of no loss, in addition to this that it can limit the circle of preliminary evidences as a secondary reason in personal loss cases, and it suggests overall policy in canonization the initial commandments, so no loss rule has not been used as a documentary, civil liability of compensation for losses. This matter correctly proves that "no loss rule" is as an expression of negation the loss verdict in Islam, not compensation for the losses. Distress and constriction is a general rule that Jurisprudents have referred to it in many cases, and thereby, they have passed a sentence to the negation of tasks which are required the distress and constriction for oblige.In the chapter of beneficence should also be noted that it includes the disposal of losses and also attracting the interest as well as because the provisions of beneficence rule are rational rules and rational affairs cannot be allocated. So much more certain of the beneficent rule in the legal relationships is where that person was trying to make benefit for others or wants to do the disposal of losses of him/her not to make benefit him/herself. The application of the rule of no loss and negation of distress and constriction is investigated in Iranian civil law in this article.
Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma: treatment strategy, review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Gębara-Puchniarz Agnieszka , Hryciuk Beata , Stec Rafał , Szczylik Cezary , Grala Bartłomiej , Kozłowski Wojciech
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma is a very rare cancer characterised with aggressive course of disease and poor prognosis. At present there are no standards of care for this histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma resistant to various forms of systemic treatment.

Methods: The study describes a case of 58 year old woman after left nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid component and after resection of right-kidney tumour for synchronous clear cell carcinoma who received first-line bevacizumab and temsirolimus under the clinical trial, and then second-line chemotherapy based on gemcitabine and doxorubicin and ifosfamide-based third-line chemotherapy. The patient underwent pulmonary metastasectomy twice, and once a metastasectomy for liver metastases.

Conclusions: Surgery (including metastases treatment) followed by the systemic chemotherapy seems to be correct option of treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features. The development of optimum method of systemic treatment requires further prospective randomised trials.
`elyôn como hipóstase de Ahura Mazda – uma leitura de Dt 32,8-9
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: December 2016

O artigo postula a hipótese de ler Dt 32,8-9 como narrativa politeísta e monolátrica, pós-exílica, escrita em contexto de subordinação político-cultural à hegemonia persa, de cujo império depende inegociavelmente a restauração e a preservação de Judá. Em contexto imperialista persa, a redação de Dt 32,1-43 responderia pela caracterização sui generis da teologia do texto: a despeito da teologia monolátrica plasmada na passagem e do horror manifestado diante da ideia de a nação de Yahweh cultuar outros deuses, a composição se vê obrigada a assumir a tese de que a exclusiva propriedade de Judá por parte de Yahweh deve-se a uma determinação de `elyôn, que se interpreta, então, como hipóstase de Ahura Mazda e que, em termos geopolíticos, encarna o próprio Império Persa. Assume-se, portanto, tratar-se Dt 32,8-9 da passagem político-teológica de legitimação do sistema político-teológico judaíta, à luz do sistema geopolítico persa.
As memórias da capelania militar e o Serviço de Assistência Religiosa do Exército Brasileiro: história, (in)tolerância e chefia castrense
Authors: Seawright Leandro
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, problematizei as memórias do capelão luterano Elio Eugênio Müller, a sua história de vida e parte da história militar do Serviço de Assistência Religiosa do Exército Brasileiro, SAREx, entre os anos de 1998 e 1999. Desde o serviço militar obrigatório no ano do golpe civil-militar de 1964, Müller tornou-se inclinado ao exercício da capelania militar no Exército Brasileiro. Em 1983, Müller ingressou na capelania militar e vivenciou situações de tensão dentro da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil, IECLB. Anticomunismo, guerrilha do Araguaia, “tolerância religiosa”, intolerância à homossexualidade entre capelães militares e o contexto da ascensão de Müller à chefia do SAREx são temas suscitados no presente artigo. Utilizo-me de documentos inéditos colocados ao lado da historiografia e de uma entrevista de história oral. Realizei discussões na perspectiva da escuta em história oral desde a memória de “expressão oral” do narrador que, com liames ousados, atravessa a “memória institucional” do Exército Brasileiro; tanto assim, que a história oral de vida ganhou dimensões produtivas no escopo do presente artigo.
Drosophila non-muscle myosin II motor activity determines the rate of tissue folding
Authors: Vasquez Claudia G , Heissler Sarah M , Billington Neil , Sellers James R , Martin Adam C
Published: December 2016

Non-muscle cell contractility is critical for tissues to adopt shape changes. Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. Here, combining the biochemical analysis of enzymatic and motile properties for purified myosin mutants with in vivo measurements of apical constriction for the same mutants, we show that in vivo constriction rate scales with myosin motor activity. We show that so-called phosphomimetic mutants of the Drosophila regulatory light chain (RLC) do not mimic the phosphorylated RLC state in vitro. The defect in the myosin motor activity in these mutants is evident in developing Drosophila embryos where tissue recoil following laser ablation is decreased compared to wild-type tissue. Overall, our data highlights that myosin activity is required for rapid cell contraction and tissue folding in developing Drosophila embryos.
Measuring the sequence-affinity landscape of antibodies with massively parallel titration curves
Authors: Adams Rhys M , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M , Kinney Justin B
Published: December 2016

Despite the central role that antibodies play in the adaptive immune system and in biotechnology, much remains unknown about the quantitative relationship between an antibody’s amino acid sequence and its antigen binding affinity. Here we describe a new experimental approach, called Tite-Seq, that is capable of measuring binding titration curves and corresponding affinities for thousands of variant antibodies in parallel. The measurement of titration curves eliminates the confounding effects of antibody expression and stability that arise in standard deep mutational scanning assays. We demonstrate Tite-Seq on the CDR1H and CDR3H regions of a well-studied scFv antibody. Our data shed light on the structural basis for antigen binding affinity and suggests a role for secondary CDR loops in establishing antibody stability. Tite-Seq fills a large gap in the ability to measure critical aspects of the adaptive immune system, and can be readily used for studying sequence-affinity landscapes in other protein systems.
Portada
Authors: Gutiérrez Jorge
Published: December 2016

..
The Church and Indigenous Cultures: Beyond the Violent Encounter with "Modernity"
Authors: Andraos Michel
Published: December 2016

Este artículo recoge en buena parte la experiencia que el profesor Michel Andraos ha realizado en torno a la inculturación en la Diócesis de San Cristóbal Chiapas, de ello da cuenta The Church and Indigenous Cultures: Beyond the Violent Encounter with "Modernity", en donde el mismo autor fue expositor tanto en el Coloquio como en el Simposio.
Ocean productivity from space: Commentary
Authors: Kahru Mati
Published: December 2016

Ocean color measurements from satellites have been used to estimate global oceanic productivity for about 30 years, but the approach still has many problems. A combination of more sophisticated satellite products with improved models has the potential of higher accuracy, but in reality the improvement in accuracy during the last two decades has been minimal. Persistent cloud cover over the oceans and low Sun elevation over polar areas severely limit the potential of operational satellite ocean color measurements. A combination of remote measurements from both satellites and suborbital platforms as well as from a large number of autonomous devices in the ocean can overcome these limitations in the future.
Using GRACE to constrain precipitation amount over cold mountainous basins
Authors: Behrangi Ali , Gardner Alex S. , Reager John T. , Fisher Joshua B.
Published: December 2016

Despite the importance for hydrology and climate‐change studies, current quantitative knowledge on the amount and distribution of precipitation in mountainous and high‐elevation regions is limited due to instrumental and retrieval shortcomings. Here by focusing on two large endorheic basins in High Mountain Asia, we show that satellite gravimetry (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)) can be used to provide an independent estimate of monthly accumulated precipitation using mass balance equation. Results showed that the GRACE‐based precipitation estimate has the highest agreement with most of the commonly used precipitation products in summer, but it deviates from them in cold months, when the other products are expected to have larger errors. It was found that most of the products capture about or less than 50% of the total precipitation estimated using GRACE in winter. Overall, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) showed better agreement with GRACE estimate than other products. Yet on average GRACE showed ~30% more annual precipitation than GPCP in the study basins. In basins of appropriate size with an absence of dense ground measurements, as is a typical case in cold mountainous regions, we find GRACE can be a viable alternative to constrain monthly and seasonal precipitation estimates from other remotely sensed precipitation products that show large bias.
Objective tropical cyclone extratropical transition detection in high‐resolution reanalysis and climate model data
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Thatcher Diana R. , Jablonowski Christiane
Published: December 2016

This paper describes an objective technique for detecting the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in high‐resolution gridded climate data. The algorithm is based on previous observational studies using phase spaces to define the symmetry and vertical thermal structure of cyclones. Storm tracking is automated, allowing for direct analysis of climate data. Tracker performance in the North Atlantic is assessed using 23 years of data from the variable‐resolution Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) at two different resolutions (
km and 28 km), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR,
km), and the ERA‐Interim Reanalysis (ERA‐I,
km). The mean spatiotemporal climatologies and seasonal cycles of objectively detected ET in the observationally constrained CFSR and ERA‐I are well matched to previous observational studies, demonstrating the capability of the scheme to adequately find events. High‐resolution CAM reproduces TC and ET statistics that are in general agreement with reanalyses. One notable model bias, however, is significantly longer time between ET onset and ET completion in CAM, particularly for TCs that lose symmetry prior to developing a cold‐core structure and becoming extratropical cyclones, demonstrating the capability of this method to expose model biases in simulated cyclones beyond the tropical phase.
Variations in tropical cyclone frequency response to solar and CO2 forcing in aquaplanet simulations
Authors: Viale Flora , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: December 2016

The response of global tropical cyclone (TC) frequency to solar and carbon dioxide radiative forcing is examined in TC‐permitting aquaplanet general circulation model simulations. With an energetically consistent slab ocean lower boundary condition, the simulations show a larger response to positive radiative forcing from increased carbon dioxide than a solar constant increase with a comparable global‐mean radiative forcing. Prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations reveal that both the direct response to radiative forcing (radiative forcing with unchanged SST) and the patterned‐SST response vary between forcing agents. The forcing‐agent dependence of the patterned‐SST response of TC frequency can be accounted for by the variation in simulated intertropical convergence zone shifts. The forcing‐agent dependence of the direct response of TC frequency to radiative forcing can be accounted for by the variation in direct circulation changes and in normalized moist static energy deficit changes. That the direct TC response differs across forcing agents suggests that solar radiation manipulation geoengineering schemes will not return TC frequency to that of an unperturbed climate.
Improved MJO‐simulation in ECHAM6.3 by coupling a Stochastic Multicloud Model to the convection scheme
Authors: Peters Karsten , Crueger Traute , Jakob Christian , Möbis Benjamin
Published: December 2016

We implement a Stochastic Multicloud Model (SMCM) in an observation‐informed configuration into the convection scheme of the state‐of‐the‐art GCM ECHAM6.3. The SMCM configuration we use here has been tuned to represent observed tropical convection by associating the occurrence and strength of deep convection to midtropospheric vertical velocity and relative humidity. We show that compared to the ECHAM6.3 standard model, the SMCM‐modified version shows improved capacity to simulate features of tropical intraseasonal variability, including MJO‐like disturbances, without significantly distorting the mean model climate. This improvement goes in hand with ameliorated coupling of atmospheric convection to tropospheric moisture and spatiotemporal coherence of tropical convection compared to reanalysis and observations. We attribute these effects to (i) improved coupling of triggering and suppression of deep convective events to the model's large‐scale environment and (ii) the observations‐informed closure formulation which leads to an overall reduction of deep convective mass fluxes. Sensitivity tests show that while (ii) improves the convection‐moisture relationship, it is (i) which improves the spatiotemporal coherence of tropical rainfall and is important for MJO simulation. Further, the simulated spatiotemporal coherence of tropical rainfall is an intrinsic property of the convection schemes themselves and not of their parameters. We stress that this study serves as a proof‐of‐concept and motivates further efforts towards building a novel convection parameterization with the SMCM as a central element.
Primary weathering rates, water transit times, and concentration‐discharge relations: A theoretical analysis for the critical zone
Authors: Ameli Ali A. , Beven Keith , Erlandsson Martin , Creed Irena F. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Bishop Kevin
Published: December 2016

The permeability architecture of the critical zone exerts a major influence on the hydrogeochemistry of the critical zone. Water flow path dynamics drive the spatiotemporal pattern of geochemical evolution and resulting streamflow concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relation, but these flow paths are complex and difficult to map quantitatively. Here we couple a new integrated flow and particle tracking transport model with a general reversible Transition State Theory style dissolution rate law to explore theoretically how C‐Q relations and concentration in the critical zone respond to decline in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) with soil depth. We do this for a range of flow rates and mineral reaction kinetics. Our results show that for minerals with a high ratio of equilibrium concentration (
) to intrinsic weathering rate (
), vertical heterogeneity in Ks enhances the gradient of weathering‐derived solute concentration in the critical zone and strengthens the inverse stream C‐Q relation. As
decreases, the spatial distribution of concentration in the critical zone becomes more uniform for a wide range of flow rates, and stream C‐Q relation approaches chemostatic behavior, regardless of the degree of vertical heterogeneity in Ks. These findings suggest that the transport‐controlled mechanisms in the hillslope can lead to chemostatic C‐Q relations in the stream while the hillslope surface reaction‐controlled mechanisms are associated with an inverse stream C‐Q relation. In addition, as
decreases, the concentration in the critical zone and stream become less dependent on groundwater age (or transit time).
Children's Reasoning About Which Episode of a Repeated Event is Best Remembered
Authors: Danby Meaghan C. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Sharman Stefanie J. , Powell Martine B. , Roberts Kim P.
Published: December 2016

Despite much research into children's ability to report information from an individual episode of a repeated event, their capacity to identify well‐remembered episodes is unknown. Children (n = 177) from Grades 1 to 3 participated in four episodes of a repeated event and were later asked to recall the time that they remembered ‘best’ and then ‘another time.’ Post‐recall, children were asked what they believed ‘the time you remember best’ meant, and how they decided which episode to recall. Older children were better able than younger to understand the prompt and nominate an episode, but children of all ages showed improved ability to produce an episode for discussion when subsequently asked about ‘another time.’ All children struggled to describe their decision‐making processes, suggesting that they had yet to develop sufficient metamemory knowledge for the task. Results suggest that children have difficulty explicitly identifying well‐remembered episodes of repeated events.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical Activity Minimum Threshold Predicting Improved Function in Adults With Lower‐Extremity Symptoms
Authors: Dunlop Dorothy D. , Song Jing , Lee Jungwha , Gilbert Abigail L. , Semanik Pamela A. , Ehrlich‐Jones Linda , Pellegrini Christine A. , Pinto Daniel , Ainsworth Barbara , Chang Rowland W.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To identify an evidence‐based minimum physical activity threshold to predict improved or sustained high function for adults with lower‐extremity joint symptoms.

Methods

Prospective multisite data from 1,629 adults, age ≥49 years with symptomatic lower‐extremity joint pain/aching/stiffness, participating in the Osteoarthritis Initiative accelerometer monitoring substudy were clinically assessed 2 years apart. Improved/high function in 2‐year gait speed and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were based on improving or remaining in the best (i.e., maintaining high) function quintile compared to baseline status. Optimal thresholds predicting improved/high function were investigated using classification trees for the legacy federal guideline metric requiring 150 minutes/week of moderate‐vigorous (MV) activity in bouts lasting 10 minutes or more (MV‐bout) and other metrics (total MV, sedentary, light intensity activity, nonsedentary minutes/week).

Results

Optimal thresholds based on total MV minutes/week predicted improved/high function outcomes more strongly than the legacy or other investigated metrics. Meeting the 45 total MV minutes/week threshold had increased relative risk (RR) for improved/high function (gait speed RR 1.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.6, 2.1 and PRO physical function RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3, 1.6) compared to less active adults. Thresholds were consistent across sex, body mass index, knee osteoarthritis status, and age.

Conclusion

These results supported a physical activity minimum threshold of 45 total MV minutes/week to promote improved or sustained high function for adults with lower‐extremity joint symptoms. This evidence‐based threshold is less rigorous than federal guidelines (≥150 MV‐bout minutes/week) and provides an intermediate goal towards the federal guideline for adults with lower‐extremity symptoms.
“Official View” on Glucocorticoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of International Guidelines and Consensus Statements
Authors: Palmowski Yannick , Buttgereit Thomas , Dejaco Christian , Bijlsma Johannes W. , Matteson Eric L. , Voshaar Marieke , Boers Maarten , Buttgereit Frank
Published: December 2016

Objective

To describe the perception of the current role of systemic glucocorticoids in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by examining their importance and the current level of evidence in recent guidelines, and to identify open questions to be addressed in future guidelines and research projects.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review using the databases Ovid Embase, PubMed Medline, and Cochrane Library for guidelines on the pharmacologic treatment of RA. Retrieved articles were evaluated regarding their quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool and scrutinized for all relevant information concerning the use of glucocorticoids.

Results

All guidelines agree that glucocorticoids, especially if given at low doses and for a short duration, are an appropriate option in the treatment of RA. However, many recommendations remain vague, as reliable and detailed evidence is scarce. Important aspects of glucocorticoid therapy are partially or completely neglected, and the existing nomenclature is not used uniformly. Quality evaluation revealed flaws in many articles, concerning not only glucocorticoid‐specific recommendations but also guideline quality in general.

Conclusion

Current recommendations for use of glucocorticoids in the management of RA are suboptimal. More rigorous evaluation of doses, timing, and duration of their use is needed. Existing nomenclature on glucocorticoid therapy should be used uniformly.
Graphene‐Piezoelectric Material Heterostructure for Harvesting Energy from Water Flow
Authors: Zhong Huikai , Xia Jun , Wang Fengchao , Chen Hongsheng , Wu Hengan , Lin Shisheng
Published: December 2016

Recently, liquid flow over monolayer graphene has been experimentally demonstrated to generate an induced voltage in the flow direction, and various physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the electricity‐generating process between liquid and graphene. However, there are significant discrepancies in the reported results with non‐ionic liquid: the observed voltage responses with deionized (DI) water vary from lab to lab under presumably similar flowing conditions. Here, a graphene‐piezoelectric material heterostructure is proposed for harvesting energy from water flow; it is shown that the introduction of a piezoelectric template beneath graphene results in an obvious voltage output up to 0.1 V even with DI water. This potential arises from a continuous charging–discharging process in graphene, which is suggested to be a result of a relatively retarded screening effect of the water for the generated piezoelectric charges than that of the graphene layer, as revealed by first‐principles calculations. This work considers a dynamic charge interaction among water, graphene, and the substrate, highlighting the crucial role of the underlying substrate in the electricity‐generating process, which will greatly enhance understanding of the flow‐induced voltage and push the graphene‐water nanogenerator close to practical applications.
Effective particle diameters for simulating fluidization of non‐spherical particles: CFD‐DEM models vs. MRI measurements
Authors: Boyce C. M. , Ozel A. , Rice N. P. , Rubinstein G. J. , Holland D. J. , Sundaresan S.
Published: December 2016

Computational fluid dynamics—discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) simulations were conducted and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements (Boyce, Rice, and Ozel et al., Phys Rev Fluids. 2016;1(7):074201) of gas and particle motion in a three‐dimensional cylindrical bubbling fluidized bed. Experimental particles had a kidney‐bean‐like shape, while particles were simulated as being spherical; to account for non‐sphericity, “effective” diameters were introduced to calculate drag and void fraction, such that the void fraction at minimum fluidization (εmf) and the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) in the simulations matched experimental values. With the use of effective diameters, similar bubbling patterns were seen in experiments and simulations, and the simulation predictions matched measurements of average gas and particle velocity in bubbling and emulsion regions low in the bed. Simulations which did not employ effective diameters were found to produce vastly different bubbling patterns when different drag laws were used. Both MRI results and CFD‐DEM simulations agreed with classic analytical theory for gas flow and bubble motion in bubbling fluidized beds. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2555–2568, 2017
Three‐Dimensional Ordered Antibody Arrays Through Self‐Assembly of Antibody–Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Dong Xue‐Hui , Obermeyer Allie C. , Olsen Bradley D.
Published: December 2016

Three‐dimensional (3D) ordered arrays of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) were fabricated using well‐defined full‐length antibody–polymer conjugates (APCs). The conjugates were prepared through a two‐step sequential click approach with a combination of oxime ligation and strain promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition. They were able to self‐assemble into lamellar nanostructures with alternating IgG and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanodomains. As a proof‐of‐concept, these materials were fabricated into thin films and their specific binding ability was tested. The nanostructure not only improves the packing density and the proper orientation of the IgG, but also provides nanochannels to facilitate substrate transport.
Regioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Triptycenes via Triple‐Cycloadditions of Arynes to Ynolates
Authors: Umezu Satoshi , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Yoshinaga Tatsuro , Sakae Mikei , Matsumoto Kenji , Iwata Takayuki , Alabugin Igor , Shindo Mitsuru
Published: December 2016

We developed the novel one‐pot synthetic method of substituted triptycenes by the reaction of ynolates and arynes. This four‐step process involves three cycloadditions and electrocyclic ring opening of the strained Dewar anthracene. Each of the three related but structurally distinct classes of nucleophiles (ynolate, enolate, and anthracenolate) reacts with o‐benzyne in the same predictable manner controlled by chelation and negative hyperconjugation. The resulting functionalized C3‐symmetrical triptycenes hold promise in the design of functional materials.
Not Only Columns: High Hole Mobility in a Discotic Nematic Mesophase Formed by Metal‐Containing Porphyrin‐Core Dendrimers
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Marcos Mercedes , Romero Pilar , Serrano José Luis , Termine Roberto , Golemme Attilio
Published: December 2016

We report a new family of multifunctional liquid‐crystalline porphyrin‐core dendrimers that have coumarin functional groups around the porphyrin core. Porphyrin metalation strongly affects the photophysical properties, and therefore ZnII and CuII derivatives have also been prepared. All the synthesized dendrimers form a nematic discotic mesophase. Their high tendency for homeotropic alignment makes these dendrimers excellent candidates for device applications, owing to their easy processability, spontaneous alignment between electrodes, and self‐healing of defects because of their dynamic nature. The charge mobility values of these materials are the highest ever reported for a nematic discotic phase. Moreover, these values are similar to the highest values reported for ordered columnar mesophases, and this shows that a supramolecular organization in columns is not necessary to achieve high charge mobility.
Effects of reversed arrangement of electrodes on electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Li Zhuang , Liu Ruigang , Huang Yong , Zhou Ji
Published: December 2016

The process of electrospinning can be affected by various parameters, leading to as‐prepared nanofibers with different morphology and properties. In order to explore the impact of DC(+) high‐voltage position on the resultant nanofibers, two setups with DC(+) high‐voltage individually tethered to the needle (S‐1) and the collecting plate (S‐2) were fabricated. Nanofibers produced by both setups under the same conditions were examined to distinguish their differences in morphology and electrostatic properties. It was found that the nanofibers with positive surface potential produced by the S‐1 setup have a larger surface coverage and porosity, smaller average diameter, and wider distribution of diameters. Furthermore, the differences between both setups in the trajectory of flying jets and the distribution of electric field intensity were studied. The results showed that the volume charge density (VCD) of the flying jets plays a crucial role in determining the morphology and electrostatic properties of the resultant nanofibers. The relationship between the position of DC(+) high‐voltage and the VCD of flying jets was then discussed, which could develop a better understanding of the process of electrospinning and deliver more accurate control over the production of various functional nanofibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44687.
Identification of Functional and Expression Polymorphisms Associated With Risk for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Merkel Peter A. , Xie Gang , Monach Paul A. , Ji Xuemei , Ciavatta Dominic J. , Byun Jinyoung , Pinder Benjamin D. , Zhao Ai , Zhang Jinyi , Tadesse Yohannes , Qian David , Weirauch Matthew , Nair Rajan , Tsoi Alex , Pagnoux Christian , Carette Simon , Chung Sharon , Cuthbertson David , Davis John C. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Forbess Lindsy , Gewurz‐Singer Ora , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader , Koening Curry , Langford Carol A. , Mahr Alfred D. , McAlear Carol , Moreland Larry , Seo E. Philip , Specks Ulrich , Spiera Robert F. , Sreih Antoine , St.Clair E. William , Stone John H. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Elder James T. , Qu Jia , Ochi Toshiki , Hirano Naoto , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Falk Ronald J. , Amos Christopher I. , Siminovitch Katherine A. ,   for the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: December 2016

Objective

To identify risk alleles relevant to the causal and biologic mechanisms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods

A genome‐wide association study and subsequent replication study were conducted in a total cohort of 1,986 cases of AAV (patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener's] [GPA] or microscopic polyangiitis [MPA]) and 4,723 healthy controls. Meta‐analysis of these data sets and functional annotation of identified risk loci were performed, and candidate disease variants with unknown functional effects were investigated for their impact on gene expression and/or protein function.

Results

Among the genome‐wide significant associations identified, the largest effect on risk of AAV came from the single‐nucleotide polymorphism variants rs141530233 and rs1042169 at the HLA–DPB1 locus (odds ratio [OR] 2.99 and OR 2.82, respectively) which, together with a third variant, rs386699872, constitute a triallelic risk haplotype associated with reduced expression of the HLA–DPB1 gene and HLA–DP protein in B cells and monocytes and with increased frequency of complementary proteinase 3 (PR3)–reactive T cells relative to that in carriers of the protective haplotype. Significant associations were also observed at the SERPINA1 and PTPN22 loci, the peak signals arising from functionally relevant missense variants, and at PRTN3, in which the top‐scoring variant correlated with increased PRTN3 expression in neutrophils. Effects of individual loci on AAV risk differed between patients with GPA and those with MPA or between patients with PR3‐ANCAs and those with myeloperoxidase‐ANCAs, but the collective population attributable fraction for these variants was substantive, at 77%.

Conclusion

This study reveals the association of susceptibility to GPA and MPA with functional gene variants that explain much of the genetic etiology of AAV, could influence and possibly be predictors of the clinical presentation, and appear to alter immune cell proteins and responses likely to be key factors in the pathogenesis of AAV.
Stable Non‐fused [22]Pentaphyrins and A Fused [24]Pentaphyrin Displaying Crystal Polymorphism between Hückel and Möbius Structures
Authors: Yoneda Tomoki , Hoshino Tyuji , Neya Saburo
Published: December 2016

Partially β‐substituted and meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)‐substituted [22]pentaphyrins 11 and 12 were synthesized by acid‐catalyzed condensation of a meso‐C6F5‐substituted tripyrrane dicarbinol with β‐alkylated dipyrromethanes. These [22]pentaphyrins are stable, allowing their characterization by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies, and X‐ray crystallography, and display strong aromaticity due to 22π‐electronic circuits. In methanol, β,β‐diethoxycarbonylated pentaphyrin 12 underwent an N‐fusion reaction to give N‐fused pentaphyrin 13, which exhibits crystal polymorphism between Hückel and Möbius structures, depending upon the recrystallization solvent.
Drying techniques for the visualisation of agarose‐based chromatography media by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Nweke Mauryn C. , Turmaine Mark , McCartney R. Graham , Bracewell Daniel G.
Published: December 2016

The drying of chromatography resins prior to scanning electron microscopy is critical to image resolution and hence understanding of the bead structure at sub‐micron level. Achieving suitable drying conditions is especially important with agarose‐based chromatography resins, as over‐drying may cause artefact formation, bead damage and alterations to ultrastructural properties; and under‐drying does not provide sufficient resolution for visualization under SEM. This paper compares and contrasts the effects of two drying techniques, critical point drying and freeze drying, on the morphology of two agarose based resins (MabSelect™/dw ≈85 µm and Capto™ Adhere/dw ≈75 µm) and provides a complete method for both. The results show that critical point drying provides better drying and subsequently clearer ultrastructural visualization of both resins under SEM. Under this protocol both the polymer fibers (thickness ≈20 nm) and the pore sizes (diameter ≈100 nm) are clearly visible. Freeze drying is shown to cause bead damage to both resins, but to different extents. MabSelect resin encounters extensive bead fragmentation, whilst Capto Adhere resin undergoes partial bead disintegration, corresponding with the greater extent of agarose crosslinking and strength of this resin. While freeze drying appears to be the less favorable option for ultrastructural visualization of chromatography resin, it should be noted that the extent of fracturing caused by the freeze drying process may provide some insight into the mechanical properties of agarose‐based chromatography media.
Interactions between Halloysite Nanotubes and Poly(styrene sulfonate) in Solution
Authors: Kim Jaeheon , Ryu Jungju , Shin Joohuei , Lee Hoik , Kim Ick Soo , Sohn Daewon
Published: December 2016

The interaction between halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) in aqueous solution was investigated by dynamic light scattering. Dynamic behavior of HNT/PSS was observed with different salt, HNT, and PSS concentrations. The HNT colloids were stabilized by PSS over a wide range of HNT concentrations, and HNT suspension in dilute solution formed stable HNT/PSS particles. On the other hand, HNT particles aggregated as sediments at higher concentrations due to strong attraction among HNT rods, and HNT aggregates were stabilized by additional PSS. The interactions between HNT and PSS are described by the van der Waals–London force (VDWL). The stabilization process of HNT/PSS particles in salt solution was proposed by comparing the hydrodynamic radii and apparent intensities of samples. The results demonstrate that electrostatic, steric, and depletion stabilization processes are responsible for the stable dispersion of HNT even at high concentration.
Corporate Sustainable Development and Marketing Communications on Social Media: Fortune 500 Enterprises
Authors: Lee Ya‐Ching
Published: December 2016

This study proposes a measurement to evaluate corporate sustainability marketing communications on social media implemented by Fortune 500 enterprises. The results reveal significant differences between sustainability marketing communications in blogs and on Facebook. This study makes theoretical contributions by proposing a customer‐centric SMC framework that integrates sustainability issues, stimulation of sustainable mindsets and encouragement of sustainable consumption. It also demonstrates how corporate sustainability marketing communications differ on different social media. In addition, practical suggestions are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 promotes chemoresistance of lung cancer by inducing carbonic anhydrase IX expression
Authors: Sowa Terumasa , Menju Toshi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. , Takahashi Koji , Nishikawa Shigeto , Nakanishi Takao , Shikuma Kei , Motoyama Hideki , Hijiya Kyoko , Aoyama Akihiro , Sato Toshihiko , Sonobe Makoto , Harada Hiroshi , Date Hiroshi
Published: December 2016

Lung cancer treatment is difficult owing to chemoresistance. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) and HIF‐1‐induced glycolysis are correlated with chemoresistance; however, this is not evident in lung cancer. We investigated the effect of HIF‐1α and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a transmembrane protein neutralizing intracellular acidosis, on chemoresistance and prognosis of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Associations of HIF‐1α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and CAIX with chemoresistance of lung cancer were investigated using A549 lung cancer cells under normoxia or hypoxia in vitro. HIF‐1α‐induced reprogramming of glucose metabolic pathway in A549 cells and the effects of HIF‐1 and CAIX on the cytotoxicity of vinorelbine were investigated. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine HIF‐1α, GLUT1, and CAIX expression levels in cancer specimens from lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Hypoxia induced HIF‐1α expression in A549 cells. Moreover, hypoxia induced GLUT1 and CAIX expression in A549 cells in a HIF‐1‐dependent manner. Glucose metabolic pathway was shifted from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis by inducing HIF‐1α in A549 cells. HIF‐1 and CAIX induced chemoresistance under hypoxia, and their inhibition restored the chemosensitivity of A549 cells. The expression levels of HIF‐1α, GLUT1, and CAIX were associated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. HIF‐1 and CAIX affected the chemosensitivity of A549 cells and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Therefore, inhibition of HIF‐1 and CAIX might improve prognosis of lung cancer patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Further analysis might be helpful in developing therapies for lung cancer.
Prospective comparison between three TAVR devices: ACURATE neo vs. CoreValve vs. SAPIEN XT. A single heart team experience in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Jatene Tannas , Castro‐Filho Antonio , Meneguz‐Moreno Rafael A. , Siqueira Dimytri A. , Abizaid Alexandre A.C. , Ramos Auristela I.O. , Arrais Magaly , Le Bihan David C.S. , Barretto Rodrigo B.M. , Moreira Adriana C. , Sousa Amanda G.M.R. , Eduardo Sousa J.
Published: December 2016

Objective

We sought to compare the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device ACURATE neo (ACT) with the already established CoreValve (MCV) and SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Background

Very few data on TAVR devices are available beyond MCV and SAPIEN and there is no previous study comparing ACT with MCV and SXT.

Methods

We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for the treatment of severe AS. Clinical outcomes were reported following Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC‐2) criteria.

Results

A total of 162 patients (ACT n = 49, MCV n = 56, SXT n = 57), were included. MCV group had higher valve embolization/migration rates (ACT none; MCV 9%; SXT 2%; P = 0.034) causing lower device success rates (ACT 98%; MCV 86%; SXT 95%; P = 0.043). At 30 days, there was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality (P = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.20), periprocedural myocardial infarction (P = 0.40), stroke (P = 0.64), major vascular complications (P = 0.48), life‐threatening bleeding (P = 0.29), acute kidney injury stage 2/3 (P = 0.69), or VARC‐2 composite early safety endpoints (P = 0.21). MCV group had higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation (ACT 6%; MCV 25%; SXT 11%; P = 0.013). Follow‐up echocardiography showed no significant difference in aortic valve mean pressure gradient (P = 0.73) or moderate/severe aortic regurgitation (P = 0.19) between groups.

Conclusions

In a “real world” registry, ACT compared favorably against the well‐studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality after percutaneous coronary revascularization: Prior cardiovascular risk factor control and improved outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Noman Awsan , Balasubramaniam Karthik , Alhous M. Hafez A. , Lee Kelvin , Jesudason Peter , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas A. , Zaman Azfar G.
Published: December 2016

Objectives

To assess the mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to their insulin requirement and PCI setting (elective, urgent, and emergency).

Background

DM is a major risk factor to develop coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unclear if meticulous glycemic control and aggressive risk factor management in patients with DM has improved outcomes following PCI.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 9,224 patients treated with PCI at a regional tertiary center between 2008 and 2011.

Results

About 7,652 patients were nondiabetics (non‐DM), 1,116 had non‐insulin treated diabetes mellitus (NITDM) and 456 had ITDM. Multi‐vessel coronary artery disease, renal impairment and non‐coronary vascular disease were more prevalent in DM patients. Overall 30‐day mortality rate was 2.4%. In a logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for 30‐day mortality were 1.28 (0.81–2.03, P = 0.34) in NITDM and 2.82 (1.61–4.94, P < 0.001) in ITDM compared with non‐DM. During a median follow‐up period of 641 days, longer‐term post‐30 day mortality rate was 5.3%. In the Cox's proportional hazard model, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for longer‐term mortality were 1.15 (0.88–1.49, P = 0.31) in NITDM and 1.88 (1.38–2.55, P < 0.001) in ITDM compared with non‐DM group. Similar result was observed in all three different PCI settings.

Conclusion

In the modern era of aggressive cardiovascular risk factor control in diabetes, this study reveals higher mortality only in insulin‐treated diabetic patients following PCI for stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Importantly, diabetic patients with good risk factor control and managed on diet or oral hypoglycemics have similar outcomes to the non‐diabetic population. © 2016 The Authors Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.