bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-enabled exploration of the "dark matter" of the protein universe
Authors: Song Evan Zihe
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The "dark matter" of the protein universe, consisting of proteins lacking structural information or functional annotations, represents a significant challenge in understanding the complexity of life. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in protein structure prediction, have revolutionized our ability to illuminate this uncharted territory. AI-based methods such as AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold can predict protein structures with unprecedented accuracy and scale, while large-scale databases provide access to the predicted structural models for hundreds of millions of proteins. Leveraging these AI tools and databases, researchers can uncover novel protein families, folds, and functions, and even design new proteins, paving the way for advances in basic biology, biotechnology, and medicine. This review discusses the recent progress of AI-enabled exploration of the "dark matter" of the protein universe, highlights recent advancements, and outlines future challenges and opportunities in this field.
Analysis and consideration of obesity types in South Asians
Authors: Chenyue Wang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In recent years, the proportion of obese people in the world has been increasing, and obesity has become a global health problem. Among them, according to the existing literature, the incidence of central obesity is higher in the South Asian population, which is different from the type of obesity in the Caucasian population. In this paper, a literature review was used to search relevant literature from Google Scholar, and the keywords were South Asian, Caucasian, central obesity, metabolic syndrome, difference, treatment, dilemma, etc. It is found that the central obesity of South Asian people is related to its genes, lifestyle, diet, etc. In addition, the central obesity of South Asian people is more likely to cause cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Due to the influence of social and cultural factors, there are many difficulties in the treatment of obesity in South Asia, and the treatment of central obesity in South Asia needs further exploration and development.
Neurobiological mechanisms of Antidepressant effects of ketamine
Authors: Guo Anqi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The primary component of the drug ketamine, ketamine is a white powder derivative of phenylcyclohexylpiperidine that is widely used as an analgesic and dissociative anesthetic. Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that comes in levo- and dextro-conformations. It acts on the NMDA receptor and can quickly relieve depression symptoms; its effects last for a few days to a couple of weeks. Its antidepressant qualities have been established during the last 20 years, and ketamine research has made significant strides and discoveries lately. From a neurobiological perspective, this paper presents the primary molecular pathways via which ketamine considerably reduces depressed symptoms. It also summarizes and looks ahead to future directions for ketamine and depression research. It also gives us a deeper understanding of the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine and offers a theoretical framework for the creation of novel antidepressant medications. In the meantime, the quick antidepressant action of ketamine offers fresh perspectives on how to treat depression, which is anticipated to encourage innovation in the field. It also offers new ideas for treating other mental illnesses, like bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.
The role of genetics and biotechnology in Alzheimers Disease
Authors: Liang Yat Hei Cissy
Published: November 2024

Abstract. As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease continues to rise globally, increasing numbers of researchers have explored methodologies for effective clinical treatment. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize findings pertaining to the crucial aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and treatment. The first part will introduce the different mechanisms of pathogenesis in Late-Onset Alzheimers Disease (LOAD) and will discuss the complex correlation between the genetic factor and the environmental factor causing AD. For the second section, this literature review will discuss the effectiveness of biotechnologies in preventing, detecting, and curing Alzheimers disease. Novel neuroimaging and fluid biomarker-based diagnostic techniques are permitting earlier disease detection than prior techniques allowed. Meanwhile, stem cell-based and other novel therapeutic strategies show preliminary evidence of possibly halting or even reversing neurodegeneration. Naturally, more robust clinical trials are still warranted to fully validate the safety and efficacy endpoints for these emerging interventions. Ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration remains essential to ultimately realizing this goal of enhancing the clinical management of Alzheimer's patients worldwide.
The behavior change effect of Levetriacetam in absence seizure
Authors: Xue Haoyang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The absence seizure is characterized by loss of consciousness and appears as a 3-5 Hz spike wave like discharge in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Levetiracetam mainly works on the SV2A molecule, which can mediate neurotransmitter release. Compared with other antipsychotics, levetriacetam has shown great tolerance, fewer side effects and great efficacy. However, levetriacetam may alter the patients cognition and behavior in two different directions, enhance the cognition or become more aggressive. This change does not relate to the dose intake or other factors, it may be associated with the personal trait dopaminergic related gene. One possible explanation for this is that the dopaminergic related gene that can impact a persons trait can determine the adverse effect of levetriacetam. Understanding the relationship between the levetiracetam (LEV), absence seizure and behavior change can improve the safety of LEV modification, in this paper, there is the discussion about the role of the dopamine in the absence seizure, LEV pharmocology and behavior change.
Comparison and analysis of Chinese and American medical systems
Authors: Zhou Yitian
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The health system is an important part of a country's social development, which is directly related to the health and well-being of people and the social stability of a country. Health systems promote, restore and maintain health. It is a complex whole, made up of all the actions, actors, resources and mechanisms involved in providing health care services to meet the health needs of the population. As the two largest economies in the world, there are significant differences in the health systems of China and the United States in terms of organizational models, funding sources, service delivery and management. The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze the health systems of China and the United States, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide a reference for improving and perfecting medical services.
The efficient intervention to young Australian adults of risky alcohol consumption: SMART recovery or alcoholics anonymous
Authors: Xu Jingyu
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Risky Alcohol consumption arouses the large attention of the public because of its social burden and further side effects on young people in Australia. Alcoholics Anonymous is an older and better-known peer-led intervention against risky alcohol consumption depending on the religion in Australia. Since participants are difficult to adhere to, and the successful withdrawal rate is affected by many factors, such as attendance, adherence, etc., many people have questioned the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous. This paper presents another intervention, SMART Recovery, to compare the effectiveness, acceptability, side effect and further impact to find a better way for young people living with risky alcohol consumption in Australia. Although Alcoholics Anonymous enjoys a distinct advantage of a longer history and wider acceptance, the effectiveness of SMART Recovery is preferable depending on its professional implementation, precision, causality of effectiveness and fidelity. Despite of the data and research on attendance and adherence of SMART Recovery is less, the low acceptability of Alcoholics Anonymous has indicated the preponderance of SMART Recovery, especially for nonreligious. Meanwhile, more professional treatment of side effects and longer lasting positive effects for young people living with RAC are other advantages of SMART Recovery. SMART Recovery is a more effective intervention for young people living with RAC rather than Alcoholics Anonymous.
Environmental risks and etiology for schizophreniafromthelens of neurodevelopment: A literature review
Authors: Wu Baiyi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder marked by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms including aversion and withdrawal, and cognitive dysfunctions. Despite the preponderance of genetic influences, environmental factors have rarely been singled out in the past literature as significantly contributing to the development of the disorder. This paper focuses on major environmental risk factors, such as prenatal infections and malnutrition, urban living, childhood trauma, and substance abuse, which examines the impact from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Findings from epidemiologic and neuroimaging studies indicate that these environmental factors disrupt crucial neurodevelopmental processes and potentially increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Neuroimaging advances have provided insights into brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia that could facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. However, further longitudinal and interdisciplinary studies are currently required to adequately understand the role of environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Exploration on the application of microbial induced calcium precipitation technology in the protection of palm leaf manuscripts in the Dai area of China
Authors: Chen Guangyi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper explores the application of biotechnology, specifically the Microbial Induced Calcium Precipitation (MICP) technology, in the protection of Palm Leaf Manuscripts in the Dai area of China. Through the perspective of a Dai student, it reveals the current situation and problems in the protection of Palm Leaf Manuscripts. By comprehensively analyzing the application cases of MICP technology at home and abroad and combining the characteristics of the palm leaf material used in Palm Leaf Manuscripts, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of MICP technology and supplements the general data in the experimental procedures, providing a scientific and feasible solution for the protection of Palm Leaf Manuscripts.
Relationship between global warming and decreasing soil moisture: short-term and long-term impacts in mediterranean regions
Authors: Huang Zirui
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) released an important report in 2007, revealing evidence of A rising global average temperature. Consequently, the ecosystem of earth has already been affected by the climate change. One apparent indicator is the soil moisture. Soil moisture plays A significant role in ecosystem since it facilitates crop growth, regulates atmospheric temperature, and supplies water to plant roots, among other functions. Due to rising temperatures, the soil is becoming more arid, decreasing the soil moisture. This drop is especially obvious in mediterranean regions. This paper explores the connection between climate change and soil moisture. It demonstrates the immediate and long-term consequences resulting from climate change and the decreasing of soil moisture in mediterranean european countries through A method of literature review. This study aims to increase the awareness of the severity of climate change and the decline in soil moisture, and it attempts to promote the preservation of soil moisture.
Applications of Lead Compounds in Daily Life
Authors: Ni Nan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Lead compounds are crucial in the early stages of drug discovery and development and play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical advancements. In addition to drug development, lead compounds have a myriad of other applications in daily life. This article reviews the extensive applications of lead compounds across various fields and explores their potential uses. First, this paper introduced the concept, characteristics, and research significance of lead compounds. Next, we discuss in detail the application of lead compounds in fields such as medicine, agriculture, food engineering, and material science, exploring their importance and potential trends in these areas. In the medical field, lead compounds provide a foundation for new drug development. Through the drug development process, compounds with potential therapeutic effects have been discovered and optimized, offering new avenues for disease treatment. In agriculture, lead compounds play a significant role in the development of pesticides and plant protection, helping to enhance crop yield, resilience, and quality and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. In the food industry, lead compounds are widely used in the development of food additives, functional foods, and food preservation technologies, enhancing the nutritional value and safety of food products. In the realm of material science, the application of lead compounds has spurred the research and development of new materials, improved material performance and functionality, and broadened their application fields. However, with continuous advancements in science and technology and evolving societal needs, research on lead compounds still faces many challenges and opportunities. Thus, strengthening the research and broader application of lead compounds will become a critical direction for future scientific endeavors.
Business Zakat Compliance Behaviour in Malaysia: Insights from SME Owners
Authors: Md Saad Nurul Asmira , Mohd Suffian Mohd Taufik , Tarmizi Masetah Ahmad , Rahman Liyana Ab , Shamsudin Siti Marlia , El Aiyubbi Dityawarman
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing business zakat compliance behaviour among SME owners in Selangor, focusing on the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The independent variables analysed include self-efficacy, peer influence, incentives, and knowledge level, while zakat compliance behaviour serves as the dependent variable. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Malay business owners registered with the Selangor Malay Chamber of Commerce (DPMMNS). Empirical analysis conducted via SPSS reveals that self-efficacy, incentives, and knowledge level have a significant positive impact on zakat compliance, whereas peer influence exerts a negative effect. Despite zakat being a well-established religious obligation, the collection of business zakat remains disproportionately low compared to income zakat, as highlighted in a 2022 report by Lembaga Zakat Selangor. The findings emphasize the need for policymakers and zakat institutions to address these factors by developing targeted strategies to improve zakat compliance among SMEs, thereby enhancing zakat contributions and supporting the broader Muslim community.
La construcción de barrios por la Central Nacional Provivienda:
Authors: Sànchez Nohora Ines Carvajal , Vera Mauricio Tellez
Published: November 2024

La Central Nacional Provivienda (CENAPROV) es una organización que pertenece a destechados que se apoyan entre sí para buscar una solución colectiva y lograr una vivienda; inspirada en la economía solidaria, desarrolla programas de vivienda por medio de la autogestión y autoconstrucción. Ha establecido barrios populares y ha aportado significativamente en la configuración de ciudades colombianas dando solución a la necesidad de vivienda aun cuando sean ignoradas por las políticas públicas. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de la metodología cualitativa de investigación participativa, en la investigación sobre las territorialidades y las resistencias populares que se presentan en los barrios Policarpa Salavarrieta en Bogotá y El Porvenir en Soacha, entre 1961 y 2016. En ese sentido, los métodos horizontales están presentes a lo largo de todo el proceso investigativo, es decir, desde las preguntas, el marco teórico, los métodos y procedimientos, hasta el análisis y la interpretación (Corona Berkin, 2019).
SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE SOURCING PRACTICES ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION
Authors: Maniatis Paraschos , Maniatis Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of sustainable sourcing practices on firm performance and stakeholder satisfaction across various industries. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 500 firms through a structured survey questionnaire. The findings reveal that sustainable sourcing practices lead to a significant positive impact on firm performance, with an average 15% increase in profitability and 20% improvement in stakeholder satisfaction scores. The regression analysis shows a strong correlation (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) between sustainable sourcing and enhanced firm outcomes. The study identifies firm size, industry type, and sustainability awareness as critical factors influencing the adoption of sustainable practices. Recommendations include integrating sustainability into procurement processes to enhance long-term performance. Future research should explore the longitudinal effects of these practices across different market conditions.
Unifying Effectiveness and Efficiency in Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Automotive: the 21st EWA Edu Model Enhanced by Wholeness Systems Thinking for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Holman David , Švejdarová Eva
Published: November 2024

The contemporary business environment is characterized by VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity), influencing many industries, notably automotive. As humanity encounters the finite constraints of Earth's ecosystems, it becomes imperative for strategic management to transcend mere economic metrics and incorporate environmental and social dimensions. This paper explores the critical role of Wholeness Systems Thinking (WST) in transitioning from traditional Knowledge-based educational frameworks that emphasize a Maximization Mindset to those fostering an Understanding-based, Purposeful mindset in lifelong learning. Employing the sustainable educational model, 21st EWA Edu, this approach cultivates a human capital intellectual capability. Furthermore, the study investigates how this paradigm aids in harmonizing the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency within Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). The findings indicate that when applied to lifelong learning, this novel intellectual capacity not only refines decision-making processes but also ensures alignment between long-term sustainability objectives and short-term operational strategies in the automotive sector.
Design and Implementation of a 3-bit ALU with Integrated 7-Segment Display on FPGA
Authors: Kumar A Hemanth
Published: November 2024

This paper describes the design and implementation of a 3-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) with integrated 7-segment display output, deployed on an FPGA platform. The objective of this project is to efficiently perform and display basic arithmetic and logic operations, including addition, subtraction, AND, OR, XOR, and NOT, with an FPGA-based ALU. A control signal selects the operation, and the ALU's 3-bit result is decoded and displayed on a 7-segment interface for clear output visualization. The ALU design is coded in Verilog and includes logic to manage carry and overflow in arithmetic functions. A display decoder module maps the ALU’s binary output to the correct LED segments on the 7-segment display, allowing intuitive real-time readout of operation results. The system was synthesized, simulated, and tested on an Artix-7 FPGA using the Xilinx Vivado development environment, achieving accurate and expected functionality across all operations. This work showcases the effectiveness of FPGA technology in integrating computation and display within a compact digital system, with potential applications in both educational and embedded system design settings where real-time processing and display are essential. Keywords: FPGA, ALU, 7-segment display, Verilog, Digital system design, Embedded computing.
Penggunaan Vitamin D3 Oral Dosis Tinggi
Authors: Kristiningrum Esther
Published: November 2024

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with an important role in various skeletal and non-skeletal physiological functions. Vitamin D deficiency has been found in many countries including Indonesia, and has been associated with an increased risk of various diseases. Vitamin D supplementation or even high-dose vitamin D therapy is often necessary to maintain or to achieve optimal vitamin D status, especially if rapid correction is required and/or as adjunctive therapy for other diseases. Various clinical trials have shown that high-dose oral vitamin D3 therapy is effective and relatively safe for vitamin D deficiency patients.
Holistic model for business resource and effective social media contents on MSME’S marketing
Authors: Wulandari Astri , Marcelino Dandy
Published: November 2024

Business in the 21st century cannot function without social media marketing. The literature n social media marketing, however, is still fragmented and mostly concerned with isolated issues like communication techniques. To describe what constitutes a successful social media marketing strategy, this research uses a qualitative, theory-building technique to develop a conceptual framework. The spectrum of conservatives and progressives, of hierarchies and networks, of total authority and full anarchy may all be found in the realm of social media marketing. This research provides a holistic framework for understanding strategic social media marketing, expanding beyond the confines of conventional marketing theory. The framework also enables business leaders to position their organizations along these four dimensions in a manner that serves their long-term objectives.
The effectiveness of task-based language teaching to improve cadets’ critical thinking skills in comprehending ESP English text
Authors: Wibowo Amiruddin Hadi , Munir Ahmad , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: November 2024

Reading is crucial for English learners to enhance their fluency, vocabulary, and overall academic success, especially in terms of reading comprehension. In the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), critical thinking is particularly important for cadets as it enables them to engage with specialized content, such as maritime studies. This study examines the effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in improving cadets’ critical thinking skills and reading comprehension of ESP reading texts. This study used quantitative research design. The subjects were  64 cadets and two lecturers at a Merchant Marine Polytechnic in Surabaya. Data were collected using observations, interviews, and pretest-posttest results and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and MANOVA to assess cadets’ critical thinking and reading comprehension before and after implementing TBLT. The results of MANOVA showed a significant improvement in critical thinking skills and reading comprehension among cadets using the TBLT model compared to those who did not. The TBLT improved cadets' abilities to analyze, evaluate, and apply ESP content to practical maritime contexts. The significance value of the Hotelling’s Trace test (p < 0.05) confirmed the positive impact of TBLT on both skills. In conclusion, TBLT effectively improves critical thinking and reading comprehension skills in ESP learning for cadets. These findings emphasize use of TBLT to develop critical academic skills, providing a strong foundation for learners in specialized areas such as maritime studies.
Các yếu tố tác động hành vi mua dược phẩm tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Bách Lê Đặng Xuân
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quyết định mua thuốc không kê đơn thông qua việc thiết lập và kiểm tra mối quan hệ trong mô hình hành vi mở rộng của Lý thuyết hành vi có kế hoạch. Nghiên cứu thực hiện hỗn hợp phương pháp định tính và định lượng. Khảo sát thu được 300 phiếu trả lời từ những người đã mua thuốc không kê đơn tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Dữ liệu được phân tích theo mô hình PLS sử dụng phần mềm Smart-PLS. Kết quả cho thấy trải nghiệm thương hiệu (hệ số β = 0,280) có tác động lớn nhất đến ý định mua thuốc không kê đơn của người tiêu dùng, tiếp theo là thái độ hướng đến hành vi (hệ số β = 0,218). Điều này cho thấy trải nghiệm thương hiệu và thái độ hướng đến hành vi là hai yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng ý định mua thuốc và ý định mua thuốc có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp và tích cực đến hành vi mua thực tế. Đóng góp mới của nghiên cứu cho thấy, ngoài các yếu tố trong lý thuyết hành vi, các trải nghiệm từng mua thuốc OTC đóng vai trò quan trọng trong quyết định mua dược phẩm, việc nâng cao trải nghiệm thương hiệu và khích lệ thái độ có thể thúc đẩy hành vi mua.
HYDROCEPHALUS AND CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS IN PAEDIATRICS: COEXISTENCE OF TWO PHENOMENA
Authors: Permana Khrisna Rangga , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Suryaningtyas Wihasto
Published: November 2024

Background: Here, the authors describe their institutional experience managing patients who had hydrocephalus and craniosynostosis regarding their pre-operative and post-operative data. Methods: The study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Four patients with craniosynostosis had hydrocephalus based on our database and all of those four cases were reviewed. The authors retrospectively reviewed the patient's demography, clinical findings, radiology results, operative procedures, and complications after surgery. Results: Four patients underwent the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procedure and survived the procedure. Three patients were operated at the first 1 year of age and one patient at 2 years old. There were no major complications (sepsis, reoperation, death) postoperatively. Conclusion: The mechanism of the hydrocephalus in craniosynostosis was not fully elucidated. Suspicion of hydrocephalus should be anticipated in every case of craniosynostosis and further examination such as a CT scan was necessary. In the setting of progressive ventriculomegaly, a CSF diversion should be performed.
d.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SUPINE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY IN OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: Bhatti Kamran Hassan , Sohail Nadeem , Gomha Faaz , Shaat Ahmed , Mohammad Abdel Rahman Khalid , Albodour Amjad , Mohammed Smain Ayman , Saad Alhabash Salvan , Mohammad Ali Hassan , Ahmed Channa Aftab
Published: November 2024

Background: Obesity is an increasing health concern, affecting 39% of the population. In Qatar, in recent years, the obese population contributed 35.9% of men and 46.1% of women. Qatar's obesity prevalence is higher in the region. The diet, rich in animal protein, high in oxalate, low in calcium, and the dry subtropical desert climate are risk factors for urolithiasis in Qatar. Objectives were the efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in obese patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent PCNL between January 2015 and December 2019. A total of 150 patients were enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups according to BMI: <30 kg/m2 (group 1, non-obese) and >30 kg/m2 (group 2, obese). The stone clearance rate, operation time, duration of hospital stays, Postoperative analgesic use, and postoperative complications were compared among groups. The chi-square test was used to analyze variables and Complications were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: The BMI values of 110 patients were lower than 30 kg/m2, while 40 patients' BMI values were higher than 30 kg/m2. There was no significant difference between operation time, fluoroscopy time, number of access points, or access sites when the two groups were compared. No significant difference was found in the total length of hospital stay, haemoglobin drop, or complication rates. Immediate stone-free rates were 81.8% in the non-obese group and 75% in the obese group (p=0.21). Conclusion: In a retrospective study of 150 patients undergoing supine PCNL, the efficacy was not different between non-obese and obese patients. This is the first study evaluating these outcomes for PCNL performed under the ERAS protocol in the supine position. Further multicenter and prospective studies are required to verify these findings.
EXPERIENCES, PERCEPTIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Khan Muhammad Junaid , Sethi Ahsan , Khan Sana , Lajber Mehreen , Hayat Zubia , Asim Nowshad
Published: November 2024

Background: Faculty development programs (FDPs) in health profession education (HPE) impact teaching in different ways. There has been limited literature on the impact of such programs in developing countries. This qualitative study explores the experiences, perceptions, and recommendations of faculty attending these FDPs. Methods: A qualitative case study involving purposively selected public and private medical college faculty members were enrolled. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 faculty members across the country. Thematic analysis was done using ATLAS. Results: The study revealed three main themes. The first, "experiences with FDPs," has three subthemes, i.e., faculty limited engagement, key areas of FDPs and the need for interactivity and collaboration. The second theme is based on "participants' perception", with two subthemes: key indicators and how teaching skills are improved and some challenges versus recommendation, as the third theme emerged from the data analysis. Conclusion: In the current context, FDPs, as experienced by medical professionals, emphasise the need for administrative facilitation, tailored and technology-driven flexible programs that foster faculty exposure, interactivity, and collaboration. The perceptions ensued in using innovative strategies within the FDPs with feedback and evaluation. However, recommendations target the national accreditation bodies or institutions and individual schools to devise training centres as per needs assessment. Future studies should develop and validate a tool based on key indicators for the proper evolution of the effectiveness of FDPs.
TECHNOLOGY, COLLABORATION, AND HUMANISTIC VALUES: A TRIAD FOR REVOLUTIONIZING MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Khan Muhammad Junaid
Published: November 2024

Medical education must be revolutionized in today's rapidly evolving healthcare industry. Embracing technology and encouraging collaboration among educators, students, and healthcare facilities is critical for preparing students for best practices. Virtual reality, simulations, and online learning platforms enhance medical education, whereas interprofessional education encourages collaboration and mutual respect among healthcare professionals. Collaboration reduces inequities in medical education while ensuring high-quality learning experiences for all students. However, humanistic ideals must be prioritized, with instructors promoting compassion, understanding, and patient-centered care in learners. By embracing technology, collaboration, and humanistic values, we can better prepare future generations of healthcare providers to navigate modern medicine and offer high-quality care to patients globally.
A NOVEL DE NOVO LIKELY PATHOGENIC VARIANT OF WFS-1 GENE IN A PAKISTANI CHILD WITH NON-CLASSIC WFS-1 SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Hanif Misbah Iqbal , Ahmed Hamza , Ibrahim Mohsina Noor , Raza Syed Jamal , Ahmed Syed Ajaz
Published: November 2024

Wolfram syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an alteration in the WFS-1 gene, located on chromosome 4p16.1 and is characterized by the acronym DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness). WFS-1 gene encodes for a transmembrane protein termed Wolframin found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Although Wolfram Syndrome is generally considered an autosomal recessive disorder, a milder non-classic autosomal dominant form has been reported in association with a single pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in WFS-1 gene. Objective was to date more than 200 variants have been identified in the WFS-1 gene. This case report aims to highlight and explain a novel de-novo likely pathogenic variant of the WFS-1 gene in a Pakistani child, which is highly plausible to induce non-classic WFS-1 spectrum disorder (MedGen UID: 481988). Case Discussion: Our patient, a seven-year-old boy, initially sought medical attention at our endocrine clinic for diabetic control. Besides diabetes, other notable features included short stature, sensorineural deafness and a history of bilateral cataracts. Family history was significant for parental consanguinity. A clinical diagnosis of Wolfram Syndrome was suspected and a multi gene panel test which included the WFS-1 gene was ordered. Initial report noted a variant of uncertain significance in the WFS-1 gene at c.2586G>T (p.Lys862Asn), which was later reclassified as a likely pathogenic variant by the laboratory based on the patient’s clinical presentation. Conclusion: Access to genetic testing is not readily available in Pakistan and our population is under studied and these complex diagnoses are often missed. In this study, we present a novel de novo likely pathogenic variant in the WFS-1 gene that causes non-classic WFS-1 spectrum disorder in a child from our population.
ANALYSIS OF 3D STRUCTURE OF THE PROTEIN OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BY HOMOLOGY MODELLING HELPS IN PREDICTING BINDING SITES FOR SUBSTRATE, LEADS TO DESIGN ANTIBIOTIC
Authors: Rasool Dr Rehana , Shafiq Maria , Swati Samina , Farid Anila , Shoukat Sofia , Jadoon Madeeha
Published: November 2024

Background: Haemophilus influenza persists as a well-known root of ill health in children throughout the entire world. Before the introduction of the vaccine, Haemophilus influenza remained a well-known and eminent source of septic arthritis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitides, and staphylococcus pneumonia spreads through respiratory droplets and cause diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, and other secondary infections related to respiratory diseases. Objective was to analyze the 3D structure of the protein of Haemophilus influenzae by homology modelling to design antibiotics. Methods: For the effective study of protein, computational tools were used to investigate protein structure and function, Comprehensive microbial resource (CMR) for comparative modelling, Interproscan, BLAST for sequence similarity searching, MODELLER 9.10 for homology modeling, Procheck and Protein Structure Analysis (ProSA) software for assessing model quality and structural validation. Results: The model showed that it consists of three alpha helices (red) and one beta-sheet. Ramachandran Plot statistics show that 97.4% of the debris is in the favoured region, 0% in the additional allowed region, 2.65% in the generally allowed part, and 0% in the disallowed part. Stability and energy were checked through ProSa. Z score was highly negative which showed that the model is highly stable. The greater the negative value, the more will be the stability of the model. Conclusion: Cell division protein H11025 was selected. The structure was modelled which has provided all the required information to design antibiotics to control the harmful effects regarding that protein.
NAION AND ANTICOAGULANTS: BRIDGING THE GAP WITH RATIONALE-BASED THERAPY
Authors: Nusanti Syntia , Rachman Andhika , Marcia Budihardja Brigitta , Ruth Eldinia Lourisa , Delima Andini Nadia , Kartasasmita Arief , M. Sidik , Prayitnaningsih Seskoati , Roswita Harahap Alida , Kekalih Aria , Darminto Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono
Published: November 2024

Background: NAION, a multifactorial disorder with an unclear mechanism has limited insight on its treatment option. Despite conflicting results in its relation to hypercoagulation, many metabolic risk factors associated with NAION are intertwined with hypercoagulation. We aim to investigate the impact of anticoagulant therapy in the vascular and visual function of NAION patients. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in the Neuro-Ophthalmology Division, Department of Ophthalmology at FKUI-RSCM Kirana from October 2020 to April 2022, involving two groups of NAION subjects: hypercoagulation and non-hypercoagulation. All subjects received 80 mg of aspirin daily, with the hypercoagulation group additionally receiving 2 mg of warfarin. We assessed capillary perfusion (CP) and flux index (FI) using OCTA, along with changes in visual acuity (Snellen chart test) and visual field (Humphrey Visual Field - HVF) at presentation and one month after treatment. Results: The hypercoagulation group had 14 subjects, while the non-hypercoagulation group had 7. This research found a significant decrease for CP (p=0.003) and FI (p=0.001) in both groups. CP and FI in all quadrants decreased more in the non-hypercoagulable group without anticoagulant therapy, although the difference between the two groups was not significant (p=0.198 for CP and p=0.243 for FI). Hypercoagulation group showed significant visual field improvements (p=0.033 for MD and p=0.014 for VFI). Most subjects within hypercoagulation showed improvement although not all of it was significant, while the majority of the non-hypercoagulation group showed no changes.
THE AESTHETIC RECONSTRUCTION OF POST-BURN EYEBROW ALOPECIA WITH BILATERAL SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY ISLAND SCALP FLAP
Authors: Suman Dhirendra , Kumar Yashvinder , Tayal Anish , Nadikuditi Sumathi
Published: November 2024

Plastic surgeons face unique challenges in reconstructing eyebrows due to their complex anatomy and gender variations. We report a case of a 16-year-old female who presented with post-burn bilateral eyebrow alopecia. Bilateral eyebrow reconstruction was performed with scalp island flaps based on the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery, which showed good postoperative outcomes. This case showed that the superficial temporal artery island flap continues to be a versatile option for managing eyebrow alopecia, especially in cases of deep burns of the face.
DETERMINANTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AFFECTING BODY MASS INDEX AMONG STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY AT THAILAND
Authors: Sangthong Nattawan , Saingthong Phromphon , Rathore Aneeta , Dropati FNU , Ethisan Plernta , Ethisan Plernta
Published: November 2024

Background: There is substantial number of youth’s population belong to age group 18–25 years contributes 11% of the total population in Thailand. According to the ASEAN Youth Development Index (AYDI) ranking, Thailand is ranked 8th out of 10 countries in terms of improvement in health and well-being and social participation of youth in the country. Body mass index includes an appropriate weight and height for adult population, that is important indicator for healthy young subjects. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) and affected factors among the university students. Methods: This study was conducted on the sample of 300 students by multiple stage random sampling technique. A pretested and piloted questionnaire were used in this study. Factors affected BMI were analyzed by using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). A written consent was taken prior to conduct the data collection. Results: The variables that affected the student’s BMI were Socio-demographic factors such as; gender and Body Mass Index of the mothers and health behavioural factors, including physical activity variables had a statistically significant effect on the student’s BMI (p<0.001), which could explain 91.10 % of the variation in BMI. The mean of BMI was 21.50±4.655 SD. Lower than half of students (47%) had the normal BMI. However, the BMI of overweight /obese students was up to 26.67%. Conclusion: Study concluded that the factors like; gender, maternal BMI, physical activity were significantly effects on the BMI of university students in Thailand.
BREAKING THE MOLD: FOSTERING A CULTURE OF RESEARCH IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Sarwar Iram
Published: November 2024

Pakistan is a developing country in South Asia which has specific cultural, religious, economic, and geographical challenges which need to be addressed concomitantly when one speaks about research culture in Pakistan. Pakistan is suffering from a scarcity of domestic, indigenous research which could help identify psychosocial epidemiological patterns and viz a viz, the development of culturally appropriate policies and interventions. The purpose of this editorial is to identify barriers in developing result culture in Pakistan and its solutions. It is difficult to recognize a uniformly satisfying definition of a “culture of research”. To provide a broad and useful conception Teresa Marchant, characterizes culture as “a system of widely shared and strongly held values.” This would make a culture of research a system that places great value on conducting and communicating scholarly research
ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF D2-40 MARKER IN HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA, MICROINVASIVE AND FRANKLY INVASIVE ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Rehan Syeda Areeba , Rashid Wajeeha , Rahat Manahil
Published: November 2024

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy that develops through a series of stages, ranging from high-grade dysplasia (HGD), microinvasive OSCC (MiOSCC) to frankly invasive OSCC. However, sometimes it is difficult to differentiate HGD from MiOSCC and invasive OSCC in histopathological morphology on routine staining. The aim of the study was to assess the expression patterns of D2-40 in these distinct stages of oral carcinogenesis, providing insights into its potential role as a biomarker for disease progression. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from 1st Dec 2023 to 5th Feb 2024. It involved the application of a D2-40 immunohistochemical marker on a total of thirty tissue samples, ten patients diagnosed with High-grade dysplasia (HGD), ten with Microinvasive Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and ten invasive OSCC cases. SPSS was used for data analysis and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.47±11.78 years, males were affected more (70%). D2-40 was expressed in different stages of oral carcinogenesis in increasing order as in 40% in HGD (4/10), and 90% in both microinvasive (9/10) and invasive OSCC (9/10) lesions. D2-40 IHC expression was associated with the patient's age and disease. Conclusion: Podoplanin (D2-40) has the potential to be a novel biomarker for the timely identification of microinvasion in early oral epithelial pathologies with diagnostic dilemmas.
Study of the Correlational Relationship between Endostatin and Kidney Function Indicators and Total Proteins in Iraqi Male Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Hamad Rokan Hazim , Abdalrhman Dr. Sahib Jummah , Abdullah Sadoon Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The study aimed to assess the relationship between endostatin levels and several kidney function indicators, as well as total proteins, in male patients with diabetic nephropathy in Kirkuk province. The study included 100 samples, 70 of which were from patients with diabetic nephropathy, and 30 samples from healthy individuals as a control group. The hospitals and clinics, both public and private, provided the samples. during the period from January, 2024, to June, 2024.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used in statistical analysis to ascertain the association between endostatin and the following markers. : urea, creatinine, total proteins, and glomerular filtration rate. The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation at a probability level of 0.01 between endostatin levels and each of urea, creatinine, and total proteins. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed at the same significance level between endostatin and glomerular filtration rate, suggesting a potential effect of endostatin on kidney function and the progression of diabetic nephropathy. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of endostatin as a potential biomarker for evaluating kidney function deterioration in diabetic patients, which could help improve diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring strategies.
Nexus between Natural Resources and Human Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Gulzar Fatima , Khalid Shazia , Asif Muhammad
Published: November 2024

From 1990–2021, this study looks at the expansion of developing nations and the complicated links between natural resources and growth. In areas where resources are abundant, this study aims to dissect the web of influences that determines how human civilization develops. To achieve this goal, we must prioritize the following seven areas: GDP per capita, life expectancy, school enrollment, carbon emissions, exports of natural resources, and access to purified water. The research uses a large dataset over 30 years to look for correlations between the selected variables. Models for panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), unit root tests, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and variance impact factors (VIF) are among the several statistical techniques used in the methodology. Panel ARDL models that include both long- and short-run coefficients help us understand the long-term and short-term impacts. According to the main results, significant markers of human development, such as life expectancy and school enrollment, are strongly correlated with specific natural resources, such as carbon emissions and the availability of clean water. For academics, development experts, and legislators working to craft policies that promote equitable and comprehensive human development in dynamic socioeconomic contexts, this data could prove to be an invaluable resource.
Visual Branding of Universitas Negeri Padang Eartquake and Tsunami Disaster Rensponse
Authors: Mutia Sari Dwi , MSI Heldi
Published: November 2024

Padang is a city prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. Universitas Negeri Padang is one of the universities that focuses on public services. Therefore, it plays an active role in disaster preparedness, including by providing lecture buildings with mitigation shelters. This is done to support the government in reducing casualties due to earthquake and tsunami disasters. This research uses the Research and Development method, which produces visual branding in the form of UNPSIGAP's visual identity based on design principles and logos. So that it can build a positive brand image as an earthquake and tsunami disaster response university.
Ver más allá de lo visual
Authors: Écija Willrett Sara
Published: November 2024

En este siglo y a lo largo del tiempo, la atención es valorada e la imagen un medio de comunicación asentado. A través de la tecnología son posibles estímulos más intensos que sus equivalentes naturales: estímulos supernormales. A mayor exageración de rasgos clave visuales para conductas instintivas, mayor respuesta. Componentes de la imagen también serían susceptibles. Se elaboran categorías en que se ofrecen fundamentos para detección, y un ejemplo de formato. Surgen las problemáticas de intereses privados y efectos psicológicos: consecuencias negativas a percepciones positivas, o efectos de percepciones negativas. Quien crea debe informarse para poder elegir limitar su uso, quien consume, establecer sus límites. Estímulos supernormales en seres humanos y Diseño Gráfico permanecen escasamente explorados, y lo conocido debe divulgarse. Una brecha a compensar.