bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Bioactivities of Food Grade Extracts from Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Leaves
Authors: Mannila Enni , Marti-Quijal Francisco J. , Selma-Royo Marta , Calatayud Marta , Falcó Irene , de la Fuente Beatriz , Barba Francisco J. , Collado Maria Carmen , Linderborg Kaisa M.
Published: November 2022

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L., AM) and nettle (Urtica dioica L., UD) are bioactive plants used commercially in functional food and supplement applications and traditionally to alleviate gastric disorders. In this work, the effects of food-grade optimized extracts of Finnish early-season AM and UD were tested on bacterial growth including potential beneficial and foodborne pathogens, as well as murine norovirus (MNV). The anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were also tested in vitro by NF-κB reporter cells. The food-grade extraction was optimized with the response surface modelling in terms of total carotenoid, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant capacities. The optimal food-grade extraction parameters were a 1-h extraction in 70% ethanol at 45 °C for AM, and at 49 °C for UD. There were no significant effects on the beneficial bacteria (Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium strains), and the extracts were more effective against gram-positive than gram-negative foodborne bacteria and potential pathogens. Listeria innocua was the most susceptible strain in the optimized extracts with a growth rate of 0.059 ± 0.004 for AM and 0.067 ± 0.006 for UD, p < 0.05 compared to control. The optimized extracts showed a logarithmic growth reduction of 0.67 compared to MNV. The hydroethanolic extracts were cytotoxic to both cell lines, whereas aqueous AM and UD extracts induced and reduced TLR4 signalling in a reporter cell line, respectively. The results provide novel food-grade extraction parameters and support the bioactive effects of AM and UD in functional food applications, but more research is needed to elucidate the precise biological activity in vivo for gastric health.
An in situ study of the thermal decomposition of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) radical chemistry using a dual-mode EPR resonator
Authors: Magri Giuseppina , Barter Michael , Fletcher-Charles Jack , Choi Heungjae , Slocombe Daniel , Richards Emma , Folli Andrea , Porch Adrian , Murphy Damien M.
Published: November 2022

A custom-built dual-mode EPR resonator was used to study the radical chemistry of AIBN thermal decomposition. This resonator enables both simultaneous in situ heating using microwaves and EPR measurements to be performed. The thermal decomposition of AIBN was compared following conventional heating methods and microwave-induced (or dielectric) heating methods. Under both heating conditions, the radicals formed and detected by EPR include the 2-cyano-2-propyl (CP●) and 2-cyano-2-propoxyl (CPO●) radicals. Under aerobic conditions, the observed relative distribution of these radicals as observed by EPR is similar following slow heating by conventional or dielectric methods. In both conditions, the kinetically favoured CPO● radicals and their adducts dominate the EPR spectra up to temperatures of approximately 80–90 °C. Under anaerobic conditions, the distribution can be altered as less CPO● is available. However, the observed results are notably different when rapid heating (primarily applied using a MW-induced T-jump) is applied. As the higher reaction temperatures are achieved on a faster timescale, none of the ST●-CPO adducts are actually visible in the EPR spectra. The more rapid and facile heating capabilities created by microwaves may therefore lead to the non-detection of radical intermediates compared to experiments performed using conventional heating methods.
Combining voltammetric and mass spectrometric data to evaluate iron organic speciation in subsurface coastal seawater samples of the Ross sea (Antarctica)
Authors: Vivado Davide , Ardini Francisco , Salis Annalisa , Damonte Gianluca , Rivaro Paola
Published: November 2022

Iron (Fe) is the most important trace element in the ocean, as it is required by phytoplankton for photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation. Iron speciation is important to better understand the biogeochemical cycle and availability of this micronutrient, in particular in the Southern Ocean. Dissolved Fe (dFe) concentration and speciation were determined in 24 coastal subsurface seawater samples collected in the western Ross sea (Antarctica) during the austral summer 2017 as part of the CELEBeR (CDW Effects on glacial mElting and on Bulk of Fe in the Western Ross sea) project. ICP-DRC-MS was used for dFe determination, whereas CLE-AdSV was used to obtain the concentration of complexed and free dFe, of the ligands, and the values of the stability constants of the complexes. Dissolved Fe values ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 nM and conditional stability constant (logK’Fe’L) from 13.0 to 15.0, highlighting the presence of Fe-binding organic complexes of different stabilities. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to point out that Terra Nova Bay and the neighboring area of Aviator and Mariner Glaciers were different in terms of chemical, physical, and biological parameters. A qualitative investigation on the nature of the organic ligands was carried out by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS. Results showed that siderophores represented a heterogeneous class of organic ligands pool.
A high-fidelity prototype of a sterile information system for the perioperative area: OR-Pad
Authors: Ryniak C. , Frommer S. M. , Junger D. , Lohmann S. , Stadelmaier M. , Schmutz P. , Stenzl A. , Hirt B. , Burgert O.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Supporting the surgeon during surgery is one of the main goals of intelligent ORs. The OR-Pad project aims to optimize the information flow within the perioperative area. A shared information space should enable appropriate preparation and provision of relevant information at any time before, during, and after surgery.

Methods

Based on previous work on an interaction concept and system architecture for the sterile OR-Pad system, we designed a user interface for mobile and intraoperative (stationary) use, focusing on the most important functionalities like clear information provision to reduce information overload. The concepts were transferred into a high-fidelity prototype for demonstration purposes. The prototype was evaluated from different perspectives, including a usability study.

Results

The prototype’s central element is a timeline displaying all available case information chronologically, like radiological images, labor findings, or notes. This information space can be adapted for individual purposes (e.g., highlighting a tumor, filtering for own material). With the mobile and intraoperative mode of the system, relevant information can be added, preselected, viewed, and extended during the perioperative process. Overall, the evaluation showed good results and confirmed the vision of the information system.

Conclusion

The high-fidelity prototype of the information system OR-Pad focuses on supporting the surgeon via a timeline making all available case information accessible before, during, and after surgery. The information space can be personalized to enable targeted support. Further development is reasonable to optimize the approach and address missing or insufficient aspects, like the holding arm and sterility concept or new desired features.
Single and combined effects of fertilization, ectomycorrhizal inoculation, and drought on container-grown Japanese larch seedlings
Authors: Agathokleous Evgenios , Kitao Mitsutoshi , Komatsu Masabumi , Tamai Yutaka , Harayama Hisanori , Koike Takayoshi
Published: November 2022

Climate change can intensify drought in many regions of the world and lead to more frequent drought events or altered cycles of soil water status. Therefore, it is important to enhance the tolerance to drought and thus health, vigor, and success of transplantation seedlings used in the forestry by modifying fertilization and promoting mycorrhization. Here, we sowed seeds of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) in 0.2-L containers with 0.5 g (low fertilization; LF) or 2 g (high fertilization; HF) of slow-release fertilizer early in the growing season. One month later, we irrigated seedlings with non-sterilized ectomycorrhizal inoculum (ECM) or sterilized solution (non-ECM), and after about 2 months, plants were either kept well watered (WW; 500 mL water/plant/week) or subjected to drought (DR; 50 mL water per plant/week) until the end of the growing season. HF largely stimulated plant growth and above- and belowground biomass production, effects that are of practical significance, but caused a small decrease in stomatal conductance (Gs390) and transpiration rate (E390), which in practice is insignificant. ECM treatment resulted in moderate inhibition of seedling growth and biomass and largely canceled out the enhancement of biomass and foliar K content by HF. DR caused a large decrease in CO2assimilation, and enhanced stomatal closure and induced senescence. DR also largely depleted foliar Mg and enriched foliar K. Although DR caused a large decrease in foliar P content in LF, it moderately increased P in HF. Likewise, DR increased foliar K in HF but not in LF, and decreased foliar P in ECM plants but not in non-ECM plants. Conversely, ECM plants exhibited a large enrichment in foliar P under WW and had a lower water potential under DR when grown in LF. These results indicate that the drought tolerance and health and vigor of Japanese larch seedlings can be modified by soil fertility and soil microorganisms. This study provides a basis for new multifactorial research programs aimed at producing seedlings of superior quality for forestation under climate change.
Urinary Leukotriene E4 as a Biomarker in NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD): a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Marquette Malcolm , Tailor Bhavesh V. , Calder Philip C. , Curtis Peter J. , Loke Yoon , Wilson Andrew M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Non-steroidal exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) currently requires aspirin challenge testing for diagnosis. Urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) has been extensively investigated as potential biomarker in N-ERD. We aimed to assess the usefulness of uLTE4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of N-ERD.

Recent Findings

N-ERD, formerly known as aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA), is characterised by increased leukotriene production. uLTE4 indicates cysteinyl leukotriene production, and a potential biomarker in N-ERD. Although several studies and have examined the relationship between uLTE4 and N-ERD, the usefulness of uLTE4 as a biomarker in a clinical setting remains unclear.

Findings

Our literature search identified 38 unique eligible studies, 35 were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed (i.e. pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) and risk of bias assessed (implementing Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (Cochrane DTA)). Data from 3376 subjects was analysed (1354 N-ERD, 1420 ATA, and 602 HC). uLTE4 was higher in N-ERD vs ATA (n = 35, SMD 0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.89). uLTE4 increased following aspirin challenge in N-ERD (n = 12, SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.26–0.85) but not ATA (n = 8, SMD 0.12; CI − 0.08–0.33). This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that uLTE4 is higher in N-ERD than ATA or HC. Likewise, people with N-ERD have greater increases in uLTE4 following aspirin challenge. However, due to the varied uLTE4 measurement and result reporting practice, clinical utility of these findings is limited. Future studies should be standardised to increase clinical significance and interpretability of the results.
Subjective Mouthfeel and Temperature Alterations in COVID-19 Patients Six to Ten Months After Diagnosis
Authors: van Elst Jip M. , Boesveldt Sanne , Vissink Arjan , Jager-Wittenaar Harriët , Reyners Anna K. L. , de Haan Jacco J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The characteristics and impact of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations in patients with COVID-19 at a long term are yet not well known. In this study, these characteristics and their impact on daily life and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, six to ten months after infection, in patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook.

Methods

Between December 2020 and January 2021, members of two COVID-19 Facebook groups were invited to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked to report their perception of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations and their impact.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 157/216 respondents (73%), with 92% being women. Alterations in mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste were reported by respectively 66, 40, 148, and 133 participants. The most frequently reported mouthfeel alterations were “a different feeling” and “dry mouth” in 38 and 30 participants, respectively. Preferences for food temperature were equally changed to “freezing”, “cool”, “room temperature”, “a bit warmer”, and “warmer”. An impact on daily life and QoL was reported by most patients with alterations in mouthfeel (91% and 79%), temperature (78% and 60%), smell (98% and 93%), and taste (93% and 88%), respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook experienced, next to smell and taste alterations, mouthfeel and temperature disturbances, six to ten months after infection. These alterations have an impact on daily life and QoL.

Implications

Health professionals should, next to smell and taste alterations, be aware of mouthfeel and temperature alterations in patients with COVID-19.
Tribe Shoreae (Dipterocarpaceae subfamily Dipterocarpoideae) Finally Dissected
Authors: Ashton P. S. , Heckenhauer J.
Published: November 2022

The dipterocarp tribe Shoreae, perhaps more than any other members of this elegant family of often giant emergent trees, is familiar to all who visit the once ubiquitous lowland forests of tropical Asia. Timbers of the genusShoreacomprised the bulk of hardwood traded on international markets for thirty years, since the nineteen seventies. Distinct species groups came to be recognised by taxonomists: for their characteristic androecia, and sometimes differences in bark and wood anatomy, while generic status for some was then proposed on embryological evidence. A new molecular phylogeny of the family, and this tribe, substantially confirms the embryological case. This paper formalises resultant nomenclatural changes. Those of us who recall the majestic forested former landscapes of the Sunda lands may regret this decision. But now, with landscapes irretrievably changed by serried ranks of oil palm and forest degradation, the case for recognition of the proposed new entities can guide conservation planners in recognising and making the case for permanently conserving surviving undisturbed stands of exceptional composition or diversity.
External Comparator Groups Derived from Real-world Data Used in Support of Regulatory Decision Making: Use Cases and Challenges
Authors: Carrigan Gillis , Bradbury Brian D. , Brookhart M. Alan , Capra William B. , Chia Victoria , Rothman Kenneth J. , Sarsour Khaled , Taylor Michael D. , Brown Jefferey S.
Published: November 2022

Real-world data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) and administrative claims databases are used increasingly to generate real-world evidence (RWE). RWE is used to support clinical evidence packages for medicines that inform decision-makers. In this review of current issues in the use of RWD-derived external comparator groups to support regulatory filings, we assess a series of topics that generally apply across many disease indications. However, most of the examples and illustrations focus on the oncology clinical research setting. The topics include an overview of current uses of RWD in drug development, a discussion of regulatory filings using RWD-derived external comparators, a brief overview of guidance documents and white papers pertaining to external comparators, a summary of some limitations and methodological issues in the use of external comparator groups and finally, a look at the future of this area and recommendations.
Prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: findings from a retrospective real-world study in Italy
Authors: Minutolo Roberto , Grandaliano Giuseppe , Di Rienzo Paolo , Snijder Robert , Degli Esposti Luca , Perrone Valentina , Todorova Lora
Published: November 2022

Background

Limited data are available on the epidemiology and clinical management of anaemia in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).

Methods

This retrospective observational study was based on records from databases of five Local Health Units across Italy. Adults with reported NDD-CKD stage 3a–5 between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016 were identified. Annual prevalence and incidence of anaemia (age- and sex-standardised) and clinical management (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents [ESAs], intravenous [IV] iron, and blood transfusions) were evaluated. Eligibility for ESAs was defined by ≥ 2 records of Hb < 10 g/dL, or < 11 g/dL over 6 months.

Results

Overall, 101,143 individuals with NDD-CKD (3a–5) recorded between 2014 and 2016 were identified, of whom 40,020 (39.6%) were anaemic. Prevalence of anaemia was 33.8% in 2016 and incidence of anaemia was stable (11.4–12.4%) from 2014 to 2016. Prevalence and incidence of anaemia increased with CKD stage. Among eligible patients, 12.8% with Hb < 11 g/dL and 15.5% with Hb < 10 g/dL received ESAs, and the proportion treated increased with CKD stage. Among ESA-treated patients with at least 2 years of follow up, 18.4% and 19.3% received IV iron in the Hb < 11 and < 10 g/dL groups, respectively, and 16.5% and 19.4% received blood transfusions. Corresponding proportions for the overall anaemic cohort were 9.0% and 11.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Anaemia is a significant issue in patients with NDD-CKD. Low rates of ESA treatment indicate a potential treatment gap and suggest that anaemia may not be adequately controlled in many patients.

Graphical abstract
The first case of lipoprotein glomerulopathy complicated with collagen type III glomerulopathy and literature review
Authors: Liu Huixia , Luo Changqing , Li Zhenqiong , Zhang Chun , Xiong Jing
Published: November 2022

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare autosomal dominant kidney disease caused by pathogenic mutations in the APOE gene. Collagen type III glomerulopathy (CG) is a sporadic condition in adults characterized by abnormal accumulation of type III collagen in the subendothelial space and mesangium of the glomerulus. We report the first case of both LPG and CG in a 21-year-old male. A search of the literature found no confirmed reports of these two concomitant nephropathies. The patient presented with hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria and hyperlipidemia. Renal pathology showed lipid vacuoles in the enlarged glomerular capillary loops and type III collagen in the segmental mesangial area and on the inner side of the glomerular basement membrane by electron microscopy. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation (c.127C>T; p. Arg43Cys) in exon 3 of the APOE gene, known as the APOE-Kyoto of LPG. In addition, two heterozygous COL4A4 mutations (c.4715C>T in exon 47 and c.5065 T>C in exon 48) were observed, the first one was suspected pathogenic and the other one was uncertain significant. There is no special treatment for these diseases. The patient was treated with lipid-lowering agents, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition and tripterygium glycosides. The patient received double-filtration plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption therapy when renal function deteriorated dramatically. Immunoadsorption was beneficial for this patient.
Chip-Based High-Dimensional Optical Neural Network
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xie Peng , Chen Bohan , Zhang Xingcai
Published: November 2022

Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems. Optical neural network (ONN) has the native advantages of high parallelization, large bandwidth, and low power consumption to meet the demand of big data. Here, we demonstrate the dual-layer ONN with Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) network and nonlinear layer, while the nonlinear activation function is achieved by optical-electronic signal conversion. Two frequency components from the microcomb source carrying digit datasets are simultaneously imposed and intelligently recognized through the ONN. We successfully achieve the digit classification of different frequency components by demultiplexing the output signal and testing power distribution. Efficient parallelization feasibility with wavelength division multiplexing is demonstrated in our high-dimensional ONN. This work provides a high-performance architecture for future parallel high-capacity optical analog computing.
ASEAN’s energy transition: how to attract more investment in renewable energy
Authors: Vakulchuk Roman , Overland Indra , Suryadi Beni
Published: November 2022

The energy transition is progressing slowly in the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To achieve ASEAN’s target of 23% renewables in the primary energy supply by 2025, the region would need to invest USD 27 billion in renewable energy every year. However, the ASEAN countries attracted no more than USD 8 billion annually from 2016 to 2021. Through a comparative review of three key factors for attracting investment—renewable energy legislation, energy governance reform, and general conditions for investors—this study examines why the region’s renewable energy sector has not attracted more capital. The contribution of the article is threefold. First, it develops a new review model for assessing the business climate for renewable energy in any country. Second, it offers an update on the state of renewable energy deployment in the ASEAN countries. Third, taking into account international best practices, it identifies the obstacles and solutions to attracting investment in renewable energy in Southeast Asia. The article finds that carbon lock-in is pervasive, regulatory practices have been copy-pasted from the fossil-fuel sector to the renewables sector, and, except for Malaysia and Vietnam, no ASEAN country has implemented a major pro-renewable energy governance reform. Certain advanced renewable energy measures, such as auctions and feed-in tariffs, have been adopted in some member states, but the institutional capacity to implement them is limited. The share of renewables in the energy governance system needs to be increased.
Plasma-based synthesis of graphene and applications: a focused review
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Adeel , Jacob Mohan V.
Published: November 2022

Graphene is a highly sought-after material for a wide range of applications, particularly in areas such as energy harvesting and storage, electronics, electrochemical sensors, biomedical, composites, and coatings. The synthesis of high-quality graphene is a precondition for its real-time application. However, conventional synthesis methods have certain drawbacks including laborious procedures and structural defects in graphene nanosheets. Plasma-based synthesis techniques such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and atmospheric pressure microwave plasma are high-tech synthesis practices that can produce graphene without any solvents in a few seconds. This article reviews these state-of-the-art techniques emphasizing mainly their process parameters for the synthesis of high-grade graphene, which is defect-free, and comprises mono to few layers, great carrier mobility, and high purity. The applications of as-synthesized graphene in various fields are also provided. Moreover, the potential breakthroughs and the prospect of these techniques are also discussed in this work.
Molecular and Morphological Engineering of Organic Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Zhenzhen , Liu Qirong , Yang Pan , Chen Hao , Zhang Qichun , Li Sheng , Tang Yongbing , Zhang Shanqing
Published: November 2022

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) can deliver remarkable battery performance for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) due to their unique molecular versatility, high flexibility, versatile structures, sustainable organic resources, and low environmental costs. Therefore, OEMs are promising, green alternatives to the traditional inorganic electrode materials used in state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Before OEMs can be widely applied, some inherent issues, such as their low intrinsic electronic conductivity, significant solubility in electrolytes, and large volume change, must be addressed. In this review, the potential roles, energy storage mechanisms, existing challenges, and possible solutions to address these challenges by using molecular and morphological engineering are thoroughly summarized and discussed. Molecular engineering, such as grafting electron-withdrawing or electron-donating functional groups, increasing various redox-active sites, extending conductive networks, and increasing the degree of polymerization, can enhance the electrochemical performance, including its specific capacity (such as the voltage output and the charge transfer number), rate capability, and cycling stability. Morphological engineering facilitates the preparation of different dimensional OEMs (including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D OEMs) via bottom-up and top-down methods to enhance their electron/ion diffusion kinetics and stabilize their electrode structure. In summary, molecular and morphological engineering can offer practical paths for developing advanced OEMs that can be applied in next-generation rechargeable MIBs.

Graphical abstract
Free Rotation of a Rigid Mass Carrying a Rotor with an Internal Torque
Authors: Galal A. A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

In this paper, the analytic solution for a free rotatory motion under the influence of a motor of limited power is investigated; we aim to prove that the motion of the carrier body is close to rotation about a fixed axis depending upon the problem's parameters and the initial conditions.

Method

Tensor calculus tools, asymptotic method, and kinematic equations of motion (EOM) are used.

Results

At a large time, the asymptotic properties of solutions and a system of linear differential equations that describes the approximate gyrostat motion are obtained.

Conclusion

The motion of the carrier body, which is close to the rotation around an axis, whose direction is fixed, depends upon the problem’s parameters and the initial conditions.
Evaluation of the 5-HT2C receptor drugs RO 60-0175, WAY 161503 and mirtazepine in a preclinical model of comorbidity of depression and cocaine addiction
Authors: Jastrzębska Joanna , Frankowska Małgorzata , Smaga Irena , Hubalewska-Mazgaj Magdalena , Suder Agata , Pieniążek Renata , Przegaliński Edmund , Filip Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

Background

Epidemiological data indicate a high rate of comorbidity of depression and cocaine use disorder (CUD). The role of serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptors in the mechanisms responsible for the coexistence of depression and CUD was not investigated.

Methods

We combined bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), an animal model of depression, with intravenous cocaine self-administration and extinction/reinstatement in male rats to investigate two 5-HT2C receptor agonists (Ro 60-0175 (RO) and WAY 161503 (WAY)) and the 5-HT2C-receptor preferring antagonist mirtazapine (MIR; an antidepressant), with the goal of determining whether these drugs alter cocaine-induced reinforcement and seeking behaviors. Additionally, neurochemical analyses were performed following cocaine self-administration and its abstinence period in the brain structures in OBX rats and SHAM-operated controls.

Results

Acute administration of RO reduced, while WAY non-significantly attenuated cocaine reinforcement in both rat phenotypes. Moreover, RO or WAY protected against cocaine-seeking behavior after acute or after repeated drug administration during extinction training in OBX and SHAM rats. By contrast, acutely administered MIR did not alter cocaine reinforcement in both rat phenotypes, while it’s acute (but not repeated) pretreatment reduced cocaine-seeking in OBX and SHAM rats. In neurochemical analyses, cocaine reinforcement increased 5-HT2C receptor levels in the ventral hippocampus; a preexisting depression-like phenotype enhanced this effect. The 10-daily cocaine abstinence reduced 5-HT2C receptor expression in the dorsolateral striatum, while the coexistence of depression and CUD enhanced local receptor expression.

Conclusion

The results support a key role of 5-HT2C receptors for treating CUD and comorbid depression and CUD. They may be backs the further research of pharmacological strategies with drug targeting receptors.

Graphical abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Medication Overuse Headache: Burden and Treatment Impact
Authors: Sandoe Claire H. , Lawler Valerie , Lena Suvendrini , Lagman-Bartolome Ana Marissa , Lay Christine
Published: November 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for progression from episodic to chronic migraine. Risk factors for medication overuse headache (MOH) are incompletely understood, but opioid overuse may carry a higher risk than overuse of other medication types. We performed a retrospective chart review investigating the frequency and impact of ACEs in patients with MOH. Of 68 included patients, 37 (54.4%) reported ACEs. There was no significant inter-group difference in baseline migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) or monthly headache days. Patients with ACEs reported more opioid overuse, and worse headache-related disability at follow-up, despite similar monthly headache days. Patients with ACEs require complex, multidisciplinary treatment.
An approach for system analysis with model-based systems engineering and graph data engineering
Authors: Schummer Florian , Hyba Maximillian
Published: November 2022

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) aims at creating a model of a system under development, covering the complete system with a level of detail that allows to define and understand its behavior and enables to define any interface and work package based on the model. Once the model is established, further benefits can be reaped, such as the analysis of complex technical correlations within the system. Various insights can be gained by displaying the model as a formal graph and querying it. To enable such queries, a graph schema is necessary, which allows to transfer the model into a graph database. In the course of this paper, we discuss the design of a graph schema and MBSE modeling approach, enabling deep going system analysis and anomaly resolution in complex embedded systems with a focus on testing and anomaly resolution. The schema and modeling approach are designed to answer questions such as What happens if there is an electrical short in a component? Which other components are now offline and which data cannot be gathered anymore? If a component becomes unresponsive, which alternative routes can be established to obtain data processed by it. We build on the use case of qualification and operations of a small spacecraft. Structural elements of the MBSE model are transferred to a graph database where analyses are conducted on the system. The schema is implemented by means of an adapter for MagicDraw to Neo4J. A selection of complex analyses is shown in the example of the MOVE-II space mission.
Ethical exit: When should peacekeepers depart?
Authors: Aloyo Eamon , Swenson Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

When should peacekeepers partially or fully withdraw from a country or region in which they are operating? This important question has received little scholarly attention. However, it has profound implications. If peacekeepers depart prematurely, as happened in Rwanda in 1994, the consequences can be disastrous with the potential to lead to widespread preventable deaths and human suffering. If they overstay, peacekeepers risk alienating the population they are seeking to protect and undercutting popular sovereignty at significant economic costs. Striking a balance, we propose a framework for just withdrawal that is both normatively compelling and empirically sound. It focuses on three aspects that are vital for understanding when peacekeepers can depart in an ethically justified manner: just cause, effectiveness, and legitimacy. By considering a number of objections, we also address critics who challenge the overarching premise of peacekeeping or might prefer different standards by which to suggest peacekeepers should stay or depart. Finally, we illustrate our argument with theoretical and empirical examples and a discussion of UN peacekeeping in East Timor.
Riblet-generated flow mechanisms that lead to local breaking of Reynolds analogy
Authors: Rouhi Amirreza , Endrikat Sebastian , Modesti Davide , Sandberg Richard D. , Oda Takuo , Tanimoto Koichi , Hutchins Nicholas , Chung Daniel
Published: November 2022

We investigate the Reynolds analogy over riblets, namely the analogy between the fractional increase in Stanton number

$C_h$

and the fractional increase in the skin-friction coefficient

$C_f$

, relative to a smooth surface. We investigate the direct numerical simulation data of Endrikat et al. (Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 107, 2021, pp. 1–29). The riblet groove shapes are isosceles triangles with tip angles

$\alpha = {30}^{\circ }, {60}^{\circ }, {90}^{\circ }$

, a trapezoid, a rectangle and a right triangle. The viscous-scaled riblet spacing varies between

$s^+ \approx 10$

to

$60$

. The global Reynolds analogy is primarily influenced by Kelvin–Helmholtz rollers and secondary flows. Kelvin–Helmholtz rollers locally break the Reynolds analogy favourably, i.e. cause a locally larger fractional increase in

$C_h$

than in

$C_f$

. These rollers induce negative wall shear stress patches which have no analogue in wall heat fluxes. Secondary flows at the riblets’ crests are associated with local unfavourable breaking of the Reynolds analogy, i.e. locally larger fractional increase in

$C_f$

than in

$C_h$

. Only the triangular riblets with

$\alpha = {30}^{\circ }$

trigger strong Kelvin–Helmholtz rollers without appreciable secondary flows. This riblet shape globally preserves the Reynolds analogy from

$s^+ = 21$

to

$33$

. However, the other riblet shapes have weak or non-existent Kelvin–Helmholtz rollers, yet persistent secondary flows. These riblet shapes behave similarly to rough surfaces. They unfavourably break the global Reynolds analogy, and do so to a greater extent as

$s^+$

increases.
Weakly nonlinear evolution of stochastically driven non-normal systems
Authors: Ducimetière Yves-Marie , Boujo Edouard , Gallaire François
Published: November 2022

We consider nonlinear dynamical systems driven by stochastic forcing. It has been largely evidenced in the literature that the linear response of non-normal systems (e.g. fluid flows) may exhibit a large variance amplification, even in a linearly stable regime. This linear response, however, is relevant only in the limit of vanishing forcing intensity. As the intensity increases, the frequency distribution and the variance of the response may be strongly modified due to nonlinear effects. To go beyond this limitation, we propose a theoretical approach to derive an amplitude equation governing the weakly nonlinear evolution of these systems. This approach does not rely on the presence of an eigenvalue close to the neutral axis, applying instead to any sufficiently non-normal operator, and the Fourier components of the response are allowed to be arbitrarily different from any eigenmode. The methodology is outlined for a generic nonlinear dynamical system, and the application case highlights a common non-normal mechanism in hydrodynamics: convective non-normal amplification in the flow past a backward-facing step.
It’s Not Me, It’s You: Self-Interest, Social Affinity, and Support for Redistribution in Latin America
Authors: Borges Fabián A.
Published: November 2022

Support for redistribution in developing countries has been found to be weakly related to income, meaning the poor are not much likelier than the rich to support redistribution. If not economic self-interest, what explains support for redistribution? A multilevel regression analysis covering a decade of public opinion data from 18 Latin American countries finds support for explanations centered on social affinity. Specifically, people in more culturally divided countries are less supportive of redistribution. This relationship is strongest among low-income individuals, who are more likely to support redistribution than richer people in countries with low levels of diversity, but no more likely and, by some measures, less likely to support redistribution where diversity is highest. Economic distance between groups also matters. Support for redistribution increases when middle-class incomes are closer to those of the poor than the rich. Support declines as the middle class pulls ahead of the poor.
Paediatric bipolar disorder and its controversy
Authors: Connors Michael H.
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

Paediatric bipolar disorder – bipolar disorder occurring in prepubertal children – is a diagnosis subject to considerable controversy. Whilst historically considered to be very rare, proponents since the 1990s have argued that mania can present differently in children and, as such, is much more common than previously thought. Such proposals raise questions about the validity of proposed phenotypes and potential risks of iatrogenic harm.

Methods:

I critically examine the construct of paediatric bipolar disorder using Robins and Guze’s (1970, American Journal of Psychiatry126, 983–987) influential criteria for the validity of a psychiatric diagnosis. I review, in turn, evidence relating to its clinical description, delimitation from other conditions, follow-up studies, family studies, laboratory studies, and treatment response.

Results:

Across domains, existing research highlights significant challenges establishing the diagnosis. This includes significant heterogeneity in operationalising criteria for children; variable or poor inter-rater reliability; difficulty distinguishing paediatric bipolar disorder from other conditions; large differences in rates of diagnosis between the United States of America and other countries; limited evidence of continuity with adult forms; and a lack of evidence for proposed paediatric phenotypes in children at genetic high-risk of the condition. Laboratory and treatment studies are limited, but also do not provide support for the construct.

Conclusions:

Evidence for the more widespread existence of paediatric bipolar disorder and its various proposed phenotypes remains weak. The ongoing popularity of the diagnosis, most evident in America, may reflect social pressures and broader limitations in psychiatric nosology. The uncertainty around the diagnosis highlights the need for careful longitudinal assessment of children potentially affected.
The policy agenda effects of problem indicators: a comparative study in seven countries
Authors: Kristensen Thomas Artmann , Mortensen Peter Bjerre , Green-Pedersen Christoffer , Seeberg Henrik Bech
Published: November 2022

Indicators are important sources of information about problems across many policy areas. However, despite a growing number of indicators across most policy areas, such as health care, business promotion, or environmental protection, we still know little about if, how, and when such indicators affect the policy agenda. This article develops a theoretical answer to these questions and examines the implications using a new large-n dataset with 220,000 parliamentary questions asked by government and opposition MPs in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The data contain information on political attention to 17 problems, such as unemployment, C02 emission, and crime from 1960 to 2015. Across this wealth of data, the article demonstrates that politicians respond to the severity and development of problem indicators over time and in comparison to other countries. Results also show that politicians respond much more when problem indicators develop negatively than when they develop positively.
Middle childhood and adolescence sleep duration and behavior problems in adolescence
Authors: Zhu Mia Q. , Oliveros Henry , Marín Constanza , Mora-Plazas Mercedes , Villamor Eduardo
Published: November 2022

We examined the associations of middle childhood and adolescence nighttime sleep duration with adolescence internalizing and externalizing behavior problems per the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaires, in a cohort of 889 Colombian schoolchildren. We estimated adjusted differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in mean behavior problem t-scores in standardized units between recommended sleep duration categories and as a continuous exposure using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline models, respectively. Compared with sleep duration within recommendations, middle childhood sleep above recommendations was related to 4.6 (95% CI: 1.6, 7.6; p = .004) and 5.4 (95% CI: 1.2, 9.7; p = .01) adjusted units higher YSR and CBCL externalizing problem scores, respectively. In continuous exposure analyses, this association seemed restricted to children aged ≥11 years. Longer sleep, both in categories and as a continuous exposure, was also associated with increased CBCL internalizing problems. Results did not differ by sex or weekend/weekday sleep. Sleeping under recommendations in middle childhood was not significantly related to behavior problems; nevertheless, shorter sleep in adolescence, in both categorical and continuous scales, was significantly related to behavior problems. In conclusion, behavior problems in adolescence are associated with longer sleep in middle childhood and shorter sleep in adolescence.
Automated external defibrillators and basic life support practices in secondary schools: a nationwide study
Authors: Abela Mark , Grech Victor , Sammut Mark A.
Published: November 2022

Aim:

Cardiac arrest prevention in schools has recently gained momentum. The survival benefit in schools who have access to defibrillators is clear, with far better survival outcomes in children or adults who sustain a cardiac arrest on school grounds. The main objectives of this study were to assess sudden cardiac arrest prevention in Maltese schools, specifically the availability of defibrillators and staff competence in delivering resuscitation.

Methodology and results:

An online-based questionnaire was distributed to all secondary schools across the Maltese archipelago. Data were collected, tabulated, and analysed using SPSS V.23. Most schools (n = 40, 74.1%) completed the questionnaire. Two schools documented a cardiac arrest in the past 10 years. 87.5% agreed that cardiac arrest prevention is an important health topic. Most have a defibrillator on the premises (n = 37, 92.5%). Only one defibrillator is usually available (n = 27, 75.0%). Despite the majority claiming its ease of accessibility (n = 35, 97.2%), most were not available on every floor (n = 37, 97.2%). Only one-third were close to a sporting facility (n = 11, 30.6%). Schools do not organise regular resuscitation courses (n = 21, 58.3%), with eight schools having five or more certified staff members (23.5%). The number of defibrillators did not influence the frequency of resuscitation courses at school (p = 0.607), and there was no association with the number of certified individuals (p = 0.860).

Conclusion:

Defibrillators are not readily available at secondary schools and are often installed in low-risk areas. Most schools have only one staff member certified in resuscitation. These factors should be addressed with urgency.
Malaysian Disaster Medicine Research: A Bibliographic Study of Publication Trends
Authors: Adnan Mohd Syafwan Bin , Hart Alexander , Hertelendy Attila J. , Tin Derrick , Abelanes Sally-Mae , Issa Fadi , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Despite the increasing risks and complexity of disasters, education for Malaysian health care providers in this domain is limited. This study aims to assess scholarly publications by Malaysian scholars on Disaster Medicine (DM)-related topics.

Methodology:

An electronic search of five selected journals from 1991 through 2021 utilizing multiple keywords relevant to DM was conducted for review and analysis.

Results:

A total of 154 articles were included for analysis. The mean number of publications per year from 1991 through 2021 was 5.1 publications. Short reports were the most common research type (53.2%), followed by original research (32.4%) and case reports (12.3%). Mean citations among the included articles were 12.4 citations. Most author collaborations were within the same agency or institution, and there was no correlation between the type of collaboration and the number of citations (P = .942). While a few clusters of scholars could build a strong network across institutions, most research currently conducted in DM was within small, isolated clusters.

Conclusion:

Disaster Medicine in Malaysia is a growing medical subspecialty with a significant recent surge in research activity, likely due to the SARS-CoV-2/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Since most publications in DM have been on infectious diseases, the need to expand DM-related research on other topics is essential.
Cancer, cancer treatment and aneurysmatic ascending aorta growth within a retrospective single center study
Authors: Kobus Kathrin , Bohmann Bianca , Wilbring Manuel , Kapalla Marvin , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Bassermann Florian , Stratmann Jan A. , Wahida Adam , Reeps Christian , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Busch Albert , von Rose Aaron Becker
Published: November 2022

Summary: Background: Multi-morbidity poses a substantial challenge for health care in an aging population. Recent studies did not provide evidence for general side effects of anti-cancer therapy regarding the growth rate of coincident abdominal aortic aneurysms, although it was suggested that specific therapeutic substances might accelerate growth. Aneurysm pathology, however, differs with respect to localization. Hence, we present the first ever analysis on the association of cancer and cancer therapy with growth alteration of aneurysms of the ascending aorta (AscAA). Patients and methods: A retrospective single-center identification of AscAA+cancer patients was performed in the institutional picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Included were all patients with ≥2 CT angiograms over ≥6 months and additional malignancy. Clinical data and aneurysm diameters were retrieved and analyzed for an association of cancer (stratified by tumor entity) or cancer therapy (stratified by several classes of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy) with annual growth rate, respectively. Statistics included t-test, Wilcoxon test, and a linear regression model accounting for initial AscAA diameter and type of treatment. Results: From 2003 to 2021, 151 patients (median age 70 years; 85% male) with AscAA and coincident 163 malignancies were identified. Prostate (37%) and hematologic cancer (17%) were most frequent. One-hundred-eleven patients (74%) received chemotherapy and 75 patients (50%) had radiation. After exclusion of six patients with an initial AscAA diameter >55 mm, the average annual AscAA growth rate was 0.18±0.64 mm/year, with only 12 patients experiencing a growth rate >1mm/year. Neither tumor entity nor radiation or chemotherapy – alone or in combination – were significantly associated with an alteration of the annual AscAA growth rate. Likewise, a subanalysis for singular chemotherapeutic agents did not reveal a specific association with AscAA growth alteration. Conclusions: Growth rates of AscAA are low in this cohort with coincident malignancy. Cancer and/or chemotherapy or radiation are not associated with an alteration of the annual growth rate. Additional control examinations seem unnecessary.