bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-stationary property in frequency content of horizontal ground motion vectors
Authors: Dong Yinfeng , Hu Ying
Published: April 2019

The non-stationary properties of the strong ground motions are considered to have dominant influence on the dynamic response of structures. In this article, a new method is proposed to study the instantaneous frequency by constructing analytic signals with two orthogonal horizontal components of ground motion vectors directly. Comparing with the traditional method of constructing analytic signals based on Hilbert transforms, the new method is digestible and simple in calculation, and it can also avoid some associated limits of Hilbert transform. In this article, instantaneous frequency obtained from the new method is simulated with an exponential decay model, and its attenuation rules which can be used for synthesizing design ground motions are investigated. By comparing the attenuation rules between vector and unidirectional ground motions, the difference between new method and traditional method are investigated. The results show that the new method of constructing analytic signals is feasible, and the exponential decay model is effective to describe the change of instantaneous frequency with time.
Flexibility in resizing attentional breadth: Asymmetrical versus symmetrical attentional contraction and expansion costs depends on context
Authors: Goodhew Stephanie C , Plummer Ann S
Published: April 2019

One of the core ways that attentional resources can be regulated is the breadth of attention: the tendency to concentrate one’s attentional resources over a small region of space (i.e., “narrow scope”), or to spread them over a larger region of space (i.e., “broad scope”). It has long been understood that humans have a preference towards the broad or global level of processing. More recently, beyond any static preference, researchers have increasingly appreciated the importance of rapid rescaling of attentional breadth to meet task demands, especially for real-world tasks such as driving. Here, we examined whether there was any asymmetry in the human capacity to resize attention from a narrow to broad scale (expansion) versus a broad to narrow scale (contraction). In Experiment 1, we found remarkable symmetry in expansion and contraction efficiency, even under conditions where the global stimuli were demonstrably more salient. This indicates that humans can flexibly adapt to the attentional demands of the context. However, in Experiment 2, an asymmetry was revealed, whereby attentional expansion was more efficient than contraction. The key difference between Experiments 1 and 2 was whether or not the initial baseline block demanded frequent attentional resizing, suggesting that recent experience can impact attentional flexibility. We also found reliable individual differences in participants’ ability to resize their attentional breadth, identifying a group of high-flexibility individuals who excelled at both attentional expansion and contraction.
Applicability of ENCHANTED trial results to current acute ischemic stroke patients eligible for intravenous thrombolysis in England and Wales: Comparison with the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme registry
Authors: Robinson Thompson G , Bray Benjamin D , Paley Lizz , Sprigg Nikola , Wang Xia , Arima Hisatomi , Bath Philip M , Broderick Joseph P , Durham Alice C , Kim Jong S , Lavados Pablo M , Lee Tsong-Hai , Martins Sheila , Nguyen Thang H , Pandian Jeyaraj D , Parsons Mark W , Pontes-Neto Octavio M , Ricci Stefano , Sharma Vijay K , Wang Jiguang , Woodward Mark , Rudd Anthony G , Chalmers John , S Anderson Craig ,   for the ENCHANTED Investigators and the SSNAP Collaboration
Published: April 2019

Background

Randomized controlled trials provide high-level evidence, but the necessity to include selected patients may limit the generalisability of their results.

Methods

Comparisons were made of baseline and outcome data between patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recruited into the alteplase-dose arm of the international, multi-center, Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke study (ENCHANTED) in the United Kingdom (UK), and alteplase-treated AIS patients registered in the UK Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) registry, over the study period June 2012 to October 2015.

Results

There were 770 AIS patients (41.2% female; mean age 72 years) included in ENCHANTED at sites in England and Wales, which was 19.5% of alteplase-treated AIS patients registered in the SSNAP registry. Trial participants were significantly older, had lower baseline neurological severity, less likely Asian, and had more premorbid symptoms, hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Although ENCHANTED participants had higher rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage than those in SSNAP, there were no differences in onset-to-treatment time, levels of disability (assessed by the modified Rankin scale) at hospital discharge, and mortality over 90 days between groups.

Conclusions

Despite the high level of participation, equipoise over the dose of alteplase among UK clinician investigators favored the inclusion of older, frailer, milder AIS patients in the ENCHANTED trial.

Clinical trial registration

Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01422616
Passive stability enhancement with sails of a hovering flapping twin-wing robot
Authors: Altartouri H , Roshanbin A , Andreolli G , Fazzi L , Karásek M , Lalami M , Preumont A
Published: April 2019

Hovering flapping wing flight is intrinsically unstable in most cases and requires active flight stabilization mechanisms. This paper explores the passive stability enhancement with the addition of top and bottom sails, and the capability to predict the stability from a very simple model decoupling the roll and pitch axes. The various parameters involved in the dynamical model are evaluated from experiments. One of the findings is that the damping coefficient of a bottom sail (located in the flow induced by the flapping wings) is significantly larger than that of a top sail. Flight experiments have been conducted on a flapping wing robot of the size of a hummingbird with sails of various sizes and the observations regarding the flight stability correlate quite well with the predictions of the dynamical model. Twelve out of 13 flight experiments are in agreement with stability predictions.
Integrating Native Hawaiian tradition with the modern technology of aquaponics
Authors: Ho-Lastimosa Ilima , Chung-Do Jane J. , Hwang Phoebe W. , Radovich Theodore , Rogerson Ikaika , Ho Kenneth , Keaulana Samantha , Keawe‘aimoku Kaholokula Joseph , Spencer Michael S.
Published: April 2019

Prior to western arrival in 1778, Native Hawaiians possessed a sophisticated culture and resource management system conducive to an island ecosystem. However, disenfranchisement from ancestral lands and traditional food sources as a result of colonization led to Native Hawaiians being forced to abandon many of their traditional practices. Today, many Native Hawaiians experience food insecurity, placing them at further risk for obesity and other nutrition-related chronic diseases. Consequently, there is a growing need for place-based and culturally relevant strategies rooted in Hawaiian epistemology to address these issues. This paper describes the history and development of one such intervention – the MALAMA study – in the community of Waimānalo that innovatively merges the modern technology of aquaponics with traditional Native Hawaiian practices and values.
Unpacking Journalists’ (Dis)Trust: Expressions of Suspicion in the Narratives of Journalists Covering the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Aharoni Tali , Tenenboim-Weinblatt Keren
Published: April 2019

Despite growing attention to notions of (dis)trust in both journalism studies and conflict studies, the role of suspicion and distrust in the dynamics of conflict coverage has not yet been investigated. This paper explores the various aspects of suspicion in the perceptions of journalists covering the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, drawing on twenty in-depth interviews with journalists and an interdisciplinary approach to the conceptualization of suspicion and (dis)trust. An inductive-qualitative analysis of journalists’ narratives identified three main aspects: suspicion of information sources, suspicion of peer journalists, and awareness of being under suspicion. The study demonstrates that through all stages of news production, journalists operate within a perpetual context of suspicion despite being required to generate trust. This dilemma culminates in hostile environments, where journalists must trust their sources in order to ensure their physical security yet are professionally required to epistemically suspect the information delivered by these same sources. Taken together, the manifestations of suspicion identified in this study provide an analytical framework for understanding (dis)trust within journalism and for further studying the processes through which these manifestations can contribute to public trust in both the media and conflict parties.
Pulmonary artery stenting in a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis using a novel balloon-expandable covered stent
Authors: Weinstock Barry S , Haim Yitzhak Daniel
Published: April 2019

Patients with Takayasu’s arteritis have pulmonary artery involvement more commonly than previously appreciated. The majority of these lesions are in segmental or sub-segmental arteries, but there are some patients who have severe stenosis of the main pulmonary arteries. Interventional treatment of these patients is technically feasible, but there are only limited case reports describing such intervention. Balloon angioplasty and stenting in these lesions often require high pressure inflations to achieve adequate results and thus has increased risk due to the possibility of pulmonary artery rupture. The recently approved Viabahn BX balloon-expandable covered stent may be an optimal device for main pulmonary artery stenosis as it is relatively low profile, can be over-expanded to large vessel diameter without compromise or disruption of the polytetrafluoroethylene covering and virtually eliminates the risk of catastrophic pulmonary artery rupture. We report here the first known use of this novel stent for treatment of severe pulmonary artery stenosis.
Methodological considerations for the special-risk researcher: A research note
Authors: Alberro Heather
Published: April 2019

Researchers seeking to investigate the dynamics and individuals constituting today’s myriad social movements must grapple with attendant challenges such as designing a methodological framework appropriate for investigating subjects and phenomena of interest, as well as gaining and maintaining access to groups of interest. Such challenges are magnified many times over when the groups under investigation pose potential special safety risks to themselves as well as researchers through engagement in dangerous or illegal activities, problematize previously conceived research criteria for suitable participants due to their amorphous and transient organizational dynamics or are otherwise difficult to access. In this research note, I recount my experiences in the field and the various methodological readjustments I was compelled to make as a result while conducting qualitative investigations of radical environmental activists for my PhD thesis. It is hoped that the experiences and insights gleaned from the research note will be deemed of value for future scholars engaging in ‘special-risk’ research.
The Struggle to Find Meaning: A Mixed Methodology Study on Meaning-Making and Identity
Authors: Glavan Bogdan , Negru-Subtirica Oana , Benga Oana
Published: April 2019

Recent reviews underscored the need for a better link between different identity models in order to enhance our knowledge of identity development. In the present study, we used a mixed methodology design to investigate how the integration of process-oriented and narrative life-story approaches can be used to better understand the complexity of identity pursuits. Participants were 84 Romanian emerging adults ( M age = 23.24 years; SD age = 2.11 years, 72.6% female, 71.4% university students). Results showed significant differences in identity processes among emerging adults based on their levels of meaning-making. More specifically, in a stressful situation of disengaging from a personal important goal, emerging adults who derived more complex forms of meaning-making reported higher levels of ruminative exploration and lower levels of commitment making. By integrating these approaches of identity, the study nuances how meaning-making might be related to identity processes.
Adolescent Inpatients With Eating Disorders: Comparison Between Acute and Chronic Malnutrition States on a Refeeding Protocol
Authors: Chang Yung-Chieh , Thew Margaret , Hettich Kyndal , Nugent Melodee , Simpson Pippa , Jay M. Susan
Published: April 2019

This study is a comparison of eating disorder patient outcomes on similar nutrition regimens regardless of degree of malnutrition. Acuity of symptoms in chronically and acutely malnourished patients were analyzed to determine the influence the duration of malnutrition has on refeeding syndrome. Patient outcomes did not differ based on chronicity of malnutrition and are compatible with previous studies in terms of weight gain, medical stabilization, and rate of electrolyte imbalance.
Planning and Budgeting for Women’s Empowerment in India: A Historical Process
Authors: Mitra Sona
Published: April 2019

This article is an overview of the Indian planning exercise from the lens of women. It provides a historical examination of the overall plan process in India, beginning from the First Five Year Plan and how it journeyed through the several plans to finally integrate with the women’s question in India and connect with the larger women’s movement. The article traces the emergence of gender responsive budgeting as part of the process financing the development of women. It argues that while the Planning Commission has been abolished, yet the historical significance of planning for women still remains and the experiences can be used to adopt a more inclusive process of gender responsive budgeting, rather than having a narrow and targeted approach to financing for women’s needs.
Efficacy results of a phase 2 trial of first-line idelalisib plus ofatumumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lampson Benjamin L. , Kim Haesook T. , Davids Matthew S. , Abramson Jeremy S. , Freedman Arnold S. , Jacobson Caron A. , Armand Philippe A. , Joyce Robin M. , Arnason Jon E. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Kipps Thomas J. , Fein Joshua , Fernandes Stacey M. , Hanna John R. , Fisher David C. , Brown Jennifer R.
Published: April 2019

PI3 kinase (PI3K) activity is critical for survival of neoplastic B cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blockade of PI3K signaling with idelalisib is effective for the treatment of relapsed CLL in combination with the anti-CD20 antibody ofatumumab. In this single-arm, open-label, nonrandomized phase 2 study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of idelalisib with ofatumumab in 27 patients with treatment-naïve CLL in need of therapy. Patients were planned to receive idelalisib for 2 monthly cycles, then idelalisib and ofatumumab for 6 cycles, followed by idelalisib indefinitely. The study was closed early and all patients ceased therapy when an increased rate of death as a result of infection was observed on other first-line idelalisib trials. Median time on therapy was 8.1 months, and median duration of follow-up was 39.7 months. We previously reported high rates of hepatotoxicity in a smaller cohort of patients in this trial; toxicities necessitated therapy discontinuation in 15 patients after a median of 7.7 months. The most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events were transaminitis (52% of patients), neutropenia (33%), and colitis/diarrhea (15%). The best overall response rate (ORR) was 88.9%, including 1 complete response. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 23 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18-36 months); 11 patients have not yet required second-line therapy. Idelalisib and ofatumumab demonstrated an unacceptable safety profile in the first-line setting, which resulted in a short PFS despite a high ORR. Future development of PI3K inhibitors for use in treatment-naïve CLL will require novel approaches to mitigate toxicities. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02135133.
Acoustic-elastic coupled equations in vertical transverse isotropic media for pseudoacoustic-wave reverse time migration of ocean-bottom 4C seismic data
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Geng Jianhua
Published: April 2019

Quasi-P (qP)-wave separation and receiver-side records back extrapolation are two key technologies commonly applied in vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) media for ocean-bottom 4C seismic data pseudoacoustic-wave reverse time migration (RTM). However, it remains problematic to quickly and accurately separate the qP-wave in VTI media. The qP-wave can be fast separated by synthesizing pressure in weakly anisotropic media. Like the derivation of acoustic-elastic coupled equations (AECEs) in an isotropic medium, novel AECEs can also be obtained in VTI media. Based on these novel coupled equations, we have developed a method for pseudoacoustic-wave RTM of ocean-bottom 4C seismic data. Three synthetic examples are provided to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of our method. The results indicate that our method possesses three advantages for ocean-bottom 4C data compared with the conventional method when conducting pseudoacoustic-wave RTM in VTI media. First, these new coupled equations are able to obtain a qP-wave during wavefield propagation. Second, ocean-bottom 4C records can be implemented strictly for receiver-side tensorial extrapolation with undulating topography of the seafloor, which brings benefits for suppressing artifacts in pseudoacoustic-wave RTM and improving imaging quality. Finally, our method is fairly robust to coarse sampling.
QuBiT: a quantitative tool for analyzing epithelial tubes reveals unexpected patterns of organization in the Drosophila trachea
Authors: Yang Ran , Li Eric , Kwon Yong-Jae , Mani Madhav , Beitel Greg J.
Published: April 2019

Biological tubes are essential for animal survival, and their functions are dependent on tube shape. Analyzing the contributions of cell shape and organization to the morphogenesis of small tubes has been hampered by the limitations of existing programs in quantifying cell geometry on highly curved tubular surfaces and calculating tube-specific parameters. We therefore developed QuBiT (Quantitative Tool for Biological Tubes) and used it to analyze morphogenesis of the embryonic Drosophila trachea (airway). In the main tube, we find previously unknown anterior-to-posterior (A-P) gradients of cell apical orientation and aspect ratio, and periodicity in the organization of apical cell surfaces. Inferred cell intercalation during development dampens an A-P gradient of the number of cells per cross-section of the tube, but does not change the patterns of cell connectivity. Computationally ‘unrolling’ the apical surface of wild-type trachea and the hindgut reveals previously unrecognized spatial patterns of the apical marker Uninflatable and a non-redundant role for the Na+/K+ ATPase in apical marker organization. These unexpected findings demonstrate the importance of a computational tool for analyzing small diameter biological tubes.
Paxillin-dependent regulation of apical-basal polarity in mammary gland morphogenesis
Authors: Xu Weiyi , Gulvady Anushree C. , Goreczny Gregory J. , Olson Eric C. , Turner Christopher E.
Published: April 2019

Establishing apical-basal epithelial cell polarity is fundamental for mammary gland duct morphogenesis during mammalian development. While the focal adhesion adapter protein paxillin is a well-characterized regulator of mesenchymal cell adhesion signaling, F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling and single cell migration, its role in epithelial tissue organization and mammary gland morphogenesis in vivo has not been investigated. Here, using a newly developed paxillin conditional knockout mouse model with targeted ablation in the mammary epithelium, in combination with ex vivo three-dimensional organoid and acini cultures, we identify new roles for paxillin in the establishment of apical-basal epithelial cell polarity and lumen formation, as well as mammary gland duct diameter and branching. Paxillin is shown to be required for the integrity and apical positioning of the Golgi network, Par complex and the Rab11/MyoVb trafficking machinery. Paxillin depletion also resulted in reduced levels of apical acetylated microtubules, and rescue experiments with the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin highlight the central role for paxillin-dependent regulation of HDAC6 activity and associated microtubule acetylation in controlling epithelial cell apical-basal polarity and tissue branching morphogenesis.
Modeling congenital kidney diseases in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Blackburn Alexandria T. M. , Miller Rachel K.
Published: April 2019

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occur in ∼1/500 live births and are a leading cause of pediatric kidney failure. With an average wait time of 3-5 years for a kidney transplant, the need is high for the development of new strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of CAKUT and preserving renal function. Next-generation sequencing has uncovered a significant number of putative causal genes, but a simple and efficient model system to examine the function of CAKUT genes is needed. Xenopus laevis (frog) embryos are well-suited to model congenital kidney diseases and to explore the mechanisms that cause these developmental defects. Xenopus has many advantages for studying the kidney: the embryos develop externally and are easily manipulated with microinjections, they have a functional kidney in ∼2 days, and 79% of identified human disease genes have a verified ortholog in Xenopus. This facilitates high-throughput screening of candidate CAKUT-causing genes. In this Review, we present the similarities between Xenopus and mammalian kidneys, highlight studies of CAKUT-causing genes in Xenopus and describe how common kidney diseases have been modeled successfully in this model organism. Additionally, we discuss several molecular pathways associated with kidney disease that have been studied in Xenopus and demonstrate why it is a useful model for studying human kidney diseases.
Sexual dimorphism, estrous cycle and laterality determine the intrinsic and synaptic properties of medial amygdala neurons in rat
Authors: Dalpian Francine , Rasia-Filho Alberto A. , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa
Published: April 2019

The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is a sex steroid-sensitive area that modulates different social behavior by relaying chemosensorial information to hypothalamic nuclei. However, little is known about MePD cell type diversity and functional connectivity. Here, we have characterized neurons and synaptic inputs in the right and left MePD of adult male and cycling female (in diestrus, proestrus or estrus) rats. Based on their electrophysiological properties and morphology, we found two coexisting subpopulations of spiny neurons that are sexually dimorphic. They were classified as Class I (predominantly bitufted-shaped neurons showing irregular spikes with frequency adaptation) or Class II (predominantly stellate-shaped neurons showing full spike frequency adaptation). Furthermore, excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto MePD cells were modulated by sex, estrous cycle and hemispheric lateralization. In the left MePD, there was an overall increase in the excitatory input to neurons of males compared to cycling females. However, in proestrus, the MePD neurons received mainly inhibitory inputs. Our findings indicate the existence of hemispheric lateralization, estrous cycle and sexual dimorphism influences at cellular and synaptic levels in the adult rat MePD.
Is conservation of center of mass mechanics a priority in human walking? Insights from leg-length asymmetry experiments
Authors: McDonald Kirsty A. , Devaprakash Daniel , Rubenson Jonas
Published: April 2019

Center of mass (COM) control has been proposed to serve economy- and stability-related locomotor task objectives. However, given the lack of evidence supporting direct sensing and/or regulation of the COM, it remains unclear whether COM mechanics are prioritized in the control scheme of walking. We posit that peripheral musculoskeletal structures, e.g., muscle, are more realistic control targets than the COM, given their abundance of sensorimotor receptors, and ability to influence whole-body energetics. As a first test of this hypothesis we examined whether conservation of stance phase joint mechanics is prioritized over COM mechanics in a locomotor task where simultaneous conservation of COM and joint mechanics is not feasible; imposed leg-length asymmetry. Positive joint mechanical cost of transport (work per distance traveled; COTJNT) was maintained at values closer to normal walking than COM mechanical cost of transport (COTCOM; p<0.05, N=15). Furthermore, compared to our measures of COM mechanics (COTCOM, COM displacement), joint-level variables (COTJNT, integrated total support moment) also displayed stronger conservation (less change from normal walking) when the participants’ self-selected gait was assessed against other possible gait solutions. We conclude that when walking humans are exposed to an asymmetric leg-length perturbation, control of joint mechanics is prioritized over COM mechanics. Our results suggest that mechanical and metabolic effort is likely regulated via control of peripheral structures and not directly at the level of the COM. Joint mechanics may provide a more accurate representation of underlying locomotor control targets and may prove advantageous in informing predictive models of human walking.
Theatre school: modern meanings
Authors: Кузин Александр , Kuzin Aleksandr
Published: April 2019

Modern meanings of the theatre professional school are revealed in the course of the analysis of their own long-term experience of "growing" future creators, based on the powerful domestic Director-pedagogical context. The author sees the meaning of the school not only in the scrupulously recreated process of classroom training, but also in the work on the diploma performances, spreading the idea of the meanings to their own teachers – Directors, actors; on performances staged in the mainstream of the school outside the University. A complex, synthetic idea of the acting school as an integral sphere of theatrical life has been formed.
For teachers and students of theater schools, schools of art and culture, for researchers of the problems of acting.
Surveillance, intervention and the politics of care
Authors: Kubiak Chris , Tomkins Leah , Larkin Mary
Published: April 2019

This article connects with debates about the use of surveillance technology to detect, report and prevent abuse in care settings. Grounded in a Heideggerian theorisation of care as intervention, it argues that care unfolds in people’s deliberations and decisions about whether and how to intercede when abuse is suspected. Such reflections reveal the politics of care because they are contingent on how the need for care is constructed, and actions subsequently legitimised. From this perspective, surveillance can be seen as a manifestation of care, involving choice and responsibility for framing both the problem of, and solution to, abuse.
Near and far, with heart and hands: care work in the context of refugee settlement in Canada
Authors: Larios Lindsay
Published: April 2019

Within immigration politics, refugee women are often constructed as care receivers, and the value of their care work in their homes, in their communities and transnationally is absent from immigration politics. The research explores how refugee women understand and situate their relational identity, the meaning of their caring actions and how this is shaped by their relative position within Canadian society. The goal of this analysis is to highlight the importance of care work and how it is shaped by and reproduces inequalities, and to offer counter-narratives to those that have emerged within immigration politics on the contributions of refugee women to Canadian society.
Borders, risk and belonging: Challenges for arts-based research in understanding the lives of women asylum seekers and migrants ‘at the borders of humanity’
Authors: O’Neill Maggie , Erel Umut , Kaptani Erene , Reynolds Tracey
Published: April 2019

This article critically discusses the experiences of women who are seeking asylum in the North East of England and women who are mothers with no recourse to public funds living in London to address the questions posed by the special issue. It argues both epistemologically and methodologically for the benefits of undertaking participatory arts-based, ethno-mimetic, performative methods with women and communities to better understand women’s lives, build local capacity in seeking policy change, as well as contribute to theorizing necropolitics through praxis. Drawing upon artistic outcomes of research funded by the Leverhulme Trust on borders, risk and belonging, and collaborative research funded by the ESRC/NCRM using participatory theatre and walking methods, the article addresses the questions posed by the special issue: how is statelessness experienced by women seeking asylum and mothers with no recourse to public funds? To what extent are their lived experiences marked by precarity, social and civil death? What does it mean to be a woman and a mother in these precarious times, ‘at the borders of humanity’? Where are the spaces for resistance and how might we as artists and researchers – across the arts, humanities and social sciences – contribute and activate?
Creative engagement with migration
Authors: Jeffery Laura , Palladino Mariangela , Rotter Rebecca , Woolley Agnes
Published: April 2019

This article introduces a special issue on arts-based engagement with migration, comprising articles, reflections, poems and images. The introductory article starts by exploring the ethical, political and empirical reasons for the increased use of arts-based methods in humanities and social sciences research in general, and in migration studies in particular. Next, it evaluates participatory methods, co-production and co-authorship as increasingly well-established practices across academia, the arts, activism and community work. It then considers how the outputs of such processes can be deployed to challenge dominant representations of migration and migrants. The authors reflect critically upon arts-based methodological practices and on the (limits to the) transformative potentials of using arts-based methods to engage creatively with migration. Sounding a cautionary note, they concede that even collaborative artistic expressions have limits in overcoming unequal power dynamics, conveying experiences of migration and effecting long-term change in a context in which discourse on migration is dominated by short-term political decision-making, and punitive policies force migrants into precarious forms of existence. While the prospect of influencing the political sphere might seem remote, they advocate for the role and power of the arts in instigating, shaping and leading change by inspiring people’s conscience and civic responsibility.
Making murals in the Marshall Islands and Hawai’i: An exploration of the possibilities and limits of artistic agency in a community arts education project
Authors: Sabeti Shari
Published: April 2019

This article explores the painting of two murals as part of a community arts education project aimed at understanding Marshallese children’s experiences of displacement and belonging. It describes the process and outcome of mural making workshops conducted in two schools: one in Honolulu attended by migrant Marshallese children; the other with a community of Marshall Islanders, internally displaced as a result of the effects of nuclear testing on their home atoll. Engaging with anthropological approaches to art, the article seeks to address important questions around the agency of these murals in the context of community arts education. What do these murals do, both in the process of coming into being, and as finished products? How did the images depicted on them take shape? In what ways were the artist’s intentions, and the children’s input, enabled and limited in this process? Paying detailed attention to these questions, the article argues for a nuanced understanding of what a successful community mural-making process might look like.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bolton Alexandra , Tichy Amy
Published: April 2019

Creating Healing School Communities: School-Based Interventions for Students Exposed to Trauma, Catherine DeCarlo Santiago, Tali Ravi and Lisa H. Jaycox (2018) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 132 pp., ISBN-13 978-1-43382-862-1, p/bk, $44.95

A Therapeutic Treasure Box for Working with Children and Adolescents with Developmental Trauma, Karen Treisman (2017) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 424pp., ISBN 978-1-78592-263-3, h/bk, $39.95; ISBN 978-1-78450-553-0, e/bk, $39.95
Implementing drama therapy in a French school: When drama therapy meets sociocracy
Authors: Lau Barbara
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on describing the use of drama therapy to deepen one school’s adoption of sociocracy. The school opened in the south of Paris, France a year ago for children who did not ‘fit’ in the public school system. Sociocracy was chosen as a way to share the school’s governance and involve students in decision-making processes. Drama therapy tools such as role-playing and/or forum theatre-based exercises were used to implement the intervention. This article explains sociocracy, provides the overarching school context, and identifies how drama therapy techniques were used to make sociocracy a dynamic process.
Theatrical translation or theatrical adaptation? Staging Noises Off in Italy
Authors: Fois Eleonora
Published: April 2019

The distinction between translation and adaptation is generally dependent on the amount of rewriting and independence of the target text, but the intercultural nature of theatrical translation and its varied addressees (actors and target audience) proves that drama requires a flexible approach to the process conducive to the target play. This article aims to demonstrate that the dramaturgical decisions related to the target play influence the balance between translation and adaptation in stage translation, which pursues a target-oriented approach. Rumori Fuori Scena, the Italian version of Michael Frayn’s Noises Off, serves as the case study for a contrastive analysis that includes the source text and the performed play. Considering that the practitioners’ experience is of utmost importance to fully understand the expectations on the translation and the identity of the target play: the practitioner’s perspective unlocks new aspects relating to the borders between theatrical adaptation and translation.
Rubies in the crown: A conversation on racial representation in Canadian theatre with Karen Robinson
Authors: Rapetti Valentina
Published: April 2019

Karen Robinson is one of Canada’s leading black actresses. Over the past twenty years, she has figured in more than 40 theatre productions, as well as in national and international TV series and films. A race-conscious artist actively engaged in portraying diverse representations of blackness on and beyond the Canadian stage, Robinson has acted in black-authored plays that have risen to canonical status, embodying memorable black female characters such as Billie in Djanet Sears’ Harlem Duet and Esther in Lynn Nottage’s Intimate Apparel. In this interview conducted in July 2016, Robinson shares some memories of the 2006 production of Harlem Duet at the Stratford Festival (Ontario, Canada), as well as her views on acting, colourblind casting, the revolutionary power of black women’s theatre, and the social relevance of individual and collective acts of resistance in a predominantly male, white-dominated cultural arena.
The sense of an ending in The Hunchback of Notre Dame: A conversation with Sarah Langford and Nicholas Cunha
Authors: Ue Tom
Published: April 2019

In this article, I discuss with Sarah Langford and Nicholas Cunha their new production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, an adaptation that brings together Victor Hugo’s 1831 novel and music from Gary Trousdale’s and Kirk Wise’s Disney classic (1996). A succession of adaptations, including hits like Kenneth Branagh’s Cinderella (2015) and Bill Condon’s Beauty and the Beast (2017) and the musicals Aladdin (2011), Newsies (2011) and Frozen (2017), has brought new life to Disney features. In this climate, the Toronto-based Wavestage Theatre Co.’s production of Hunchback offers a significant departure through its incorporation of the darker elements from Hugo’s original. This musical’s concerns regarding (in)tolerance, desire and diversity make it especially resonant. In what follows, Langford, Cunha and I discuss the process of producing this musical, how it reads Quasimodo and his love for Esmeralda and the Archdeacon Dom Claude Frollo and how Hunchback speaks to today’s audiences.
The adaptation of vampire motifs from folklore into literature and film
Authors: Carlisle Robert S.
Published: April 2019

This article presents the most common vampire motifs found in Eastern European folklore and discusses which ones were adapted into literature and film. Though the article concentrates on motifs from folklore, it also discusses other common vampire motifs that originated in literature and later appeared in film. The author has compiled the motifs in the Motif Index of Vampires in Folklore, Literature, and Film, which is online at: http://www.csub.edu/~rcarlisle/Vampire_Motif/Vampire_Motif_Start.html. The Index contains motifs from approximately 110 sources from folklore, nineteenth-century literature, modern literature (twentieth and twenty-first century) and film and is divided into six broad categories: becoming a vampire, physical characteristics, behavioural characteristics, limitations of vampires and apotropaics, powers of vampires, and eliminating vampires. All six categories are discussed in the article. Because the author has not been able to list all sources due to space limitations, the reader may refer to the Index to see a complete list of sources and the specific page numbers where the motifs are found.
Video-on-demand services in Latin America: Trends and challenges towards access, concentration and regulation
Authors: Baladron Mariela , Rivero Ezequiel
Published: April 2019

In this article, an analysis of the over-the-top video on demand (VOD OTT) services’ market in Latin America is proposed, to account for its penetration, relationship with traditional pay-TV, content policies and current (and nowadays under debate) regulations for the sector. The analysis departs from a comparative study on the five main audio-visual markets of the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, within which it is analysed Netflix, the predominant VOD OTT service. First, it will be argued that Internet’s potential to generate higher levels of competition and diversity from online distribution of audio-visual content has been limited by practices of vertical integration between a few new entrants and pre-existing, dominant players of the infocommunications industry. Secondly, the State’s role as a guarantor of public interest is discussed, particularly in periphery contexts with deeply structural asymmetries, as is the case in the countries mentioned above.
The governance of digital switchover of terrestrial television in the European Union: The role of policy framing
Authors: Rozgonyi Krisztina
Published: April 2019

Digital switchover of (DSO) of terrestrial broadcasting constitutes one of the most critical moments of policy change in Europe because it offered a unique opportunity of reconceptualising public media space for the next era of communication. The promise of a plural and public service oriented broadcast policy legitimized efforts of citizens investing in digitization, provided public acceptance and approval to the changes set to terminate analogue television. This article explores the policy framing of the switchover process in the European Union. It finds that DSO was constructed around overly technical and economic frames in the policy, a strategy, which allowed building an argument of neutrality of technology and hence of the steps policy-makers were making. This construction did not address the exclusion and side-lining of the social and political consequences of free-to-air reduction. The article argues that this practice provided a low-conflict policy process led by the European Commission between 2005 and 2015 and showcased a paradox on European spectrum policy. The article further argues that the governance of digitalization of Europe’s screens presents a case of highly complex low-salience regulatory policy, which means muted participation of citizens and limited public debate. Ultimately, this strategy undermines democratic practice and meaningful transparency in European policy-making as it eliminates deliberations on what constitutes public interest in the 21st media context. The analyses of communication DSO policy as a matter of polity situate well with European media governance scholarship.
The return of public media policy in New Zealand: New hope or lost cause?
Authors: Thompson Peter A.
Published: April 2019

The formation of a new coalition government in New Zealand in the wake of the 2017 election ended three terms of National-led governments and raised the prospect of a significant shift in media policy. National had insisted that in the digital media ecology, the funding of public broadcasting institutions was no longer a priority and that platform-neutral contestable funding of local content would ensure the quality and diversity of content. This saw the demise of the TVNZ Charter and its two commercial-free channels (TVNZ 6 and 7), while both Radio New Zealand (RNZ) and the local content funding agency, NZ On Air, had their funding frozen. The 2017 election of the Labour-NZ First-Green government came with the promise of an additional investment of NZ$38m in public media, the expansion of RNZ’s remit to include a commercial-free television channel, and the establishment of an independent commission to assess funding needs for public media. However, the media ecology Labour now faces entails new policy complexities. Deregulation, financialization and convergence have not only intensified commercial pressures on the media, they have led to important shifts in the ways audiences discover and engage with media content. In turn, this complicates the traditional models of state intervention intended to deliver public service outcomes. Adopting a critical institutionalist framework this article will highlight key shifts in media policy trajectory since 1999 and highlight some key differences between the public broadcasting initiatives of 1999–2008 and the approach thus far of the incoming government. The article analyses how competing intra-party and inter-ministerial priorities have circumscribed the media policy options available and thereby highlight the way political–economic interests in the media ecology manifest in public policy.
The challenge of forward-looking regulation
Authors: Onwurah Chi
Published: April 2019

Good regulation must be forward looking, otherwise it is quickly obsolete. The 2003 Communications Act asked what the communications industries would look like in ten years’ time and set out a regulatory framework to address future developments in the interests of citizens and consumers. It decided that the key theme of the next ten years would be the convergence of platforms, industries and services including audio-visual. It created Ofcom – a converged regulator that had the right powers to deal with a converged world. When Chi Onwurah was Head of Telecoms Technology at Ofcom, she worked closely with industry and legislators in the United Kingdom and across Europe to ensure that citizens and consumers benefitted from convergence. This was possible thanks to the forward-looking regulatory framework that had been put into place by the 2003 Act. There was a long period of debate and discussion with a green paper and a white paper before the 2003 Communications Act was passed. This was necessary to understand the likely impact of convergence. The next big transformation in communications is data – and we are not even in the discussion stage, let alone in a position to legislate. From the regulation of opaque machine learning algorithms to fake news to data rights, technological evolution is generating challenges legislators and regulators do not seem close to solving. In this article the author will discuss these issues and the need to bring about forward-looking changes to the law.
Exogenous ascorbic acid is a pro-nitrant in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Feigl Gábor , Bordé Ádám , Molnár Árpád , Kolbert Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2019

Due to the intensified production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) proteins can be modified by tyrosine nitration (PTN). Examination of PTN is a hot topic of plant biology, especially because the exact outcome of this modification is still pending. Both RNS and ascorbic acid (AsA) are redox-active molecules, which directly affect the redox state of cells. The possible link between RNS-dependent PTN and AsA metabolism was studied in RNS (gsnor1-3, nia1nia2) and AsA (vtc2-3) homeostasis Arabidopsis mutants. During physiological conditions, intensified PTN was detected in all mutant lines compared to the wild-type (WT); without altering nitration pattern. Moreover, the increased PTN seemed to be associated with endogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO-) levels, but it showed no tight correlation with endogenous levels of nitric-oxide (NO) or AsA. Exogenous AsA caused intensified PTN in WT, vtc2-3 and nia1nia2. In the background of increased PTN, significant NO and ONOO- accumulation was detected, indicating exogenous AsA-induced RNS burst. Interestingly, in AsA-triggered stress-situation, changes of NO levels seem to be primarily connected to the development of PTN. Our results point out for the first time that similarly to human and animal systems exogenous AsA exerts pro-nitrant effect on plant proteome.
Contemporary interspecific hybridization between Dracocephalum kotschyi and Dracocephalum oligadenium (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphological, anatomical and molecular data
Authors: Koohdar Fahimeh , Attar Farideh , Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Sheidai Masoud
Published: April 2019

Dracocephalum is the second largest genus in the family Lamiaceae with about 186 species. These species are native in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and occur in the territory of the extra-tropical Asia and Europe. Eight Dracocephalum species reported in Iran; these are mainly growing in the northern and central parts of the country belonging to the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region. Dracocephalum kotschyi is an important medicinal plant .in the country. At the same time, taxonomic position of Dracocephalum oligadenium is a challenging issue. In this work morphological, anatomical and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to identify these species in Iran. MDS plot based on morphological and anatomical characters, furthermore, PCoA and MST plot based on ISSR data of species revealed hybridization between D. oligadenium and D. kotschyi.