bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awoke and The Awokened
Authors: Saraf Surabhi
Published: May 2023

Awoke & the Awokened (2018-Present) is an on-going multimedia project that includes a video sculpture, a VR experience, a series of live performances, short films and a concept album. The research and development of this project is rooted in my collaborative project called Centre for Emotional Materiality (CEM). Through study circles and workshops we experiment in collaboration, colearning and coexisting with digital technologies and their effects on our bodies and beliefs. As a poetic storytelling this project engages in the act of ‘waking up’ to imagine a technological future that privileges human and non-human agency above all. The techno-utopian myth of Awoke \& the Awokened is centered on the relationship between a mythical artificial emotional intelligence [Awoke] and its believers [the Awokened]. It questions the risks and possibilities of technological solutionism as a dominant Silicon Valley ideology and its implications on our emotional lives.
Consider the midden
Authors: Ritchie David
Published: May 2023

Those who read the essay may be reminded of A.R. Ammon's poem, “Garbage” which a correspondant recently called to my attention. The overlap is coincidental; at time of writing, I was ignorant of that work. This essay investigates meanings of an old term: middens. In keeping with the aims of this journal the essay touches on art, philosophy and Freudian psycho-analysis.
Invisible intensities
Authors: Perry Shannon A.B.
Published: May 2023

This essay explores how, over the course of writing biographical articles about women artists into Wikipedia, the online crowdsourced encyclopedia, I became moved, touched, changed through interactions with digital materials. Following the initial exhilaration of submitting a first edit, I consider how other surprising intensities unfolded through sustained participation in this collaborative creative activity. Relating these to Kathleen Stewart's concept of ordinary affects, I wonder about how these intensities came to be and imagine where they may lead, turning to the artful methods of poetry and digital collage to map connections which escaped encyclopedic rendering. Ultimately, I suggest these invisible intensities reflected emerging posthuman relational subjectivities and corresponding possibilities for affirmative creative action.
Between Kierkegaard and Descartes
Authors: Kulak Avron
Published: May 2023

In this essay I pose the question of the relationship between faith and reason by examining central texts of Kierkegaard and Descartes.  I focus particularly on the relationship of the Genesis story creation – its ontology and ethics – to Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling and Descartes’ Meditations and Discourse on Method in order to examine the history and ethics that underpin the latter three texts.  I argue that, in aligning their projects with biblical principles and values, and in also distinguishing their work from the principles and values underpinning ancient Greek thought, Kierkegaard and Descartes together teach us that existence cannot be divided between faith and reason, that existence is religious or philosophical, faithful or rational, only if it is both simultaneously.
Review of An Event, Perhaps: A Biography of Jacques Derrida by Peter Salmon
Authors: Gildea Niall
Published: May 2023

Review of Peter Salmon, An Event, Perhaps: A Biography of Jacques Derrida (London and New York: Verso, 2020). 312pp. Hardback. ISBN: 978-1-78873-280-2
Dasein and inter-esse, or how event is design
Authors: Rennesland Anton Heinrich
Published: May 2023

I provide an insight into Being’s self-realization, emphasizing inter-esse as event as a twofold designal quality in resoluteness and a propensity toward the other. Primarily working on Henk Oosterling’s Premsela lecture, I consider Dasein as an event realized through what Oosterlink captures as the inter-esse, a realization of firstly unreflective everydayness and secondly one’s craftsmanship which fills the spaces between individuals. Being becomes self-reflexive through intersections; inter-esse’s disclosiveness is the event in dwelling. Dwelling makes possible an intersection of existence – a realization of everyday life and of encountering both the human and nonhuman other – that fundamentally equates Dasein with design. This I argue creates a pivotal perspective to consider how shared reality is fundamentally a shaping of one’s existence in the world, how existence is a designing of the world. Space constitutes the event for which Being discloses itself, that Dasein re-understands itself through this designal quality.
Review of Real Love by Duane Rousselle
Authors: Fjeld Torgeir
Published: May 2023

Review of Duane Rousselle, Real Love (Dresden and New York: Atropos, 2021). 146pp. Softbound. ISBN: 978-1-77763-020-1
Philippe Beck’s art of poetry
Authors: Orsholits Gorica
Published: May 2023

Contemporary French poet Philippe Beck through his intriguing poetic project Opéradiques (2014; which has yet to be translated into English) demonstrates a new understanding of writing poetry through the deconstructive, reconstructive, boustrophedon process. Beck finds the foundation of his art of poetry in the "ruins" of existing written poems, stories, texts of all genres and forms. When it seems that writing poetry has lost all direction, and almost become irrelevant, Beck's work shows us the "cracks in the wall". Is it that these "cracks in the wall" should be received as a bold attempt to secure a new enthusiasm for the future, to form a stronger poem able to say that which cannot be said? Does Beck's work tell us that poetry must be the answer to the question "what is poetry?" The works of Derrida, Walter Benjamin, and Jean-Luc Nancy, provide an opening through which to grasp Beck's poetics.
Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan Pembuatan Eco Enzim dari Limbah Organik bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK Kelurahan Jayamukti
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nisa , Nisawati Inna , Maulana Donny , Huda Miftakul , Ilyas Nur Ilman
Published: May 2023

Pemotongan jalur distribusi sampah menuju TPA merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengolah sampah organik menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat. Implementasinya dapat dilakukan melalui pembuatan eco enzim yang dapat diterapkan pada pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga. Eco enzim merupakan produk ramah lingkungan yang dapat dihasilkan dari reaksi fermentasi limbah organik dengan substrat gula merah. Eco enzim dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan limbah organik, gula merah/molase dan air dengan perbandingan massa 3:1:10. Sampah domestik yang dihasilkan di desa Jayamukti terdiri dari sampah organik dan sampah anorganik. Sampah anorganik dikumpulkan melalui Bank sampah warga yang selanjutnya dijual ke pengepul dan penghasilannya dapat dijadikan uang kas warga di setiap RT. Sedangkan sampah organik yang dihasilkan berupa limbah sayuran dan kulit buah-buahan belum dimanfaatkan karena langsung dibuang ke tempat sampah dan diangkut oleh truk sampah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi lima tahapan yaitu tahap perencanaan pengelolaan  sampah  organik , Tahap koordinasi tim pengabdi dengan pihak desa Jayamukti, Sosialisasi pembuatan ecoenzim kepada Ibu-Ibu PKK Kelurahan Jayamukti, Pendampingan pembuatan ecoenzim dan Evaluasi hasil pengabdian. Kegiatan pengabdian telah dilaksanakan dengan respon yang baik dari masyarakat yaitu hasil pengisian angket kegiatan menunjukkan sebanyak 85,71% warga sangat tertarik dengan eco enzim, sebanyak 91,43% warga akan membuat eco enzim di rumah dengan memanfaatkan sampah organik yang dihasilkan, sebanyak 74,29 warga ingin mengembangkan bisnis dari produk eco enzim, sebanyak 91,43  % warga ingin memanfaatkan produk eco enzim dalam aktivitas rumah tangga dan sebanyak 85,71% warga menyatakan puas atas kegiatan sosialisasi dan pendampingan pembuatan eco enzim yang telah dilaksanakan.
Diyet İndüklü Obeziteyi Modellemek için Güvenilir Bir Yöntem: Kafeterya Diyeti
Authors: YAZICI Ebru
Published: May 2023

Obezite, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde tüm yaş gruplarında görülen, birçok hastalığa neden olan oldukça yaygın metabolik bir hastalıktır. İnsan fizyolojisine ve metabolik özelliklerine benzerlik gösteren kemirgenlerde obezite gibi hastalıklar çeşitli diyetler kullanılarak taklit edilebilmektedir. Diyet indüklü obezite (DİO) modelleri, obezite gibi metabolik hastalıkların araştırılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Buna rağmen hangi DİO modelinin insanlardaki obezite patolojisini en iyi şekilde yansıttığı hala tartışma konusudur. Deney hayvanlarında kullanılan kafeterya diyeti (KD) modeli, batı toplumlarında sıklıkla tüketilen sağlıksız besinlerin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşturulur. KD modeli, insanlardaki yeme alışkanlıklarını diğer modellere göre daha iyi yansıtır. Bu derlemede, diyet indüklü obezite modelleri arasında obeziteyi diğer modellere göre daha iyi yansıtan KD değerlendirilmiştir.
Learner Autonomy in Online Learning: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: AFACAN ADANIR Gülgün , GÜLBAHAR GÜVEN Yasemin
Published: May 2023

In online learning, autonomy is one of the significant factors for academic success, and learners’ being aware of her/his skills can have
effect on academic performance. Hence, the purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement scale for the evaluation
of learner autonomy in online learning environments. An item pool was generated based on both existing literature and perceptions of
experts in the field of online learning. The sample of the study consisted of 903 university learners taking online courses. The study revealed
that the scale consists of 28 items under four dimensions: self-control, self-reflection, self-interaction, and self-motivation. Confirmatory
factor analysis proved that the items were appropriately loaded into the factors defined by the study. Based on these findings, the learner
autonomy scale was found to be a valid and reliable instrument that may be employed in measuring learners’ autonomy which exist in
online learning environments.
Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilere Fen Öğretiminde Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Kullanımı: Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Nesime Kübra , AKBIYIK Muratcan , YIKMIŞ Ahmet
Published: May 2023

Akademik beceriler, zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin günlük yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri ve bağımsız bir şekilde yaşayabilmeleri için

gereklidir. Fen bilimleri, bu akademik alanlardan biridir. Son zamanlarda teknolojinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak fen bilimleri konularının

öğretiminde yeni bir teknolojinin adından bahsedilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu yeni teknoloji artırılmış gerçekliktir. Buradan hareketle,

bu araştırmanın amacı zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilere fen bilimleri konularının öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisinin

kullanımına ilişkin özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini almaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum deseni çalışması

kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Görüşme sorularından elde edilen veriler ise betimsel analiz

yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilere fen bilimleri konularının

öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisinin kullanımın ilişkin olumlu görüşlere sahip oldukları görülmüştür
What to tell and never tell a reviewer
Authors: Iwaz Jean
Published: May 2023

The specialized literature abounds in recommendations about the most desirable technical ways of answering reviewers’ comments on a submitted manuscript. However, not all publications mention authors’ and/or reviewers’ feelings or reactions about what they may read or write in their respective reports, and even fewer publications tackle openly what may or may not be said in a set of answers to a reviewer’s comments. In answering reviewers’ comments, authors are often attentive to the technical or rational aspects of the task but might forget some of its relational aspects. In their answers, authors are expected to make every effort to abide by reviewers’ suggestions, including discussing major criticisms, editing the illustrations, or implementing minor corrections; abstain from questioning a reviewer’s competence or willingness to write a good review, including full and attentive reading and drafting useful comments; clearly separate their answers to each reviewer; avoid skipping, merging, or reordering reviewers’ comments; and, finally, specify the changes made. Authors are advised to call on facts, logic, and some diplomacy, but never on artifice, concealment, or flattery. Failing to do so erodes the trust between authors and reviewers, whereas integrity is expected and highly valued. The guiding principle should always be honesty.
Tilhør og anerkendelse – studenterperspektiver på psykosociale problemer i videregående uddannelse
Authors: Larsen Lene , Stigemo Aske , Wulf-Andersen Trine , Krogh Lone , Aarup Jensen Annie
Published: May 2023

Det er velkendt, at mange studerende på de videregående uddannelser mistrives på forskellige måder og af forskellige årsager. Vi ved dog mindre om, hvordan de oplever at være studerende på en videregående uddannelse. Formålet med denne artikel er at vise, hvilke kampe studerende med psykosociale vanskeligheder kæmper for at føle tilhør til deres uddannelse og at opnå en meningsfuld tilknytning til studie- og læringsmiljøerne. Empirisk bygger artiklen på dybdegående interviews med 47 studerende fra syv danske videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner om deres erfaringer med psykosociale problemer. Artiklen arbejder teoretisk med at analysere psykosociale processer som (manglende) oplevelser af tilhør og anerkendelse. Analytisk vises tre overordnede forhold, der står centralt i studerendes erfaringer med at håndtere psykosociale vanskeligheder i forhold til uddannelse: temporale strukturer, ekstraarbejde og skam. På den baggrund diskuteres, hvordan en øget interesse for de studerendes tilhør kan bidrage til at kvalificere uddannelsesinstitutionernes evne til at rumme unge med psykosociale problemer.
The sea level rose fast, but Sarawak was rising faster
Authors:   Goldbach Geoconsultants O&G & Lithium Exploration, Bommichring 7A 63864 Glattbach, Bavaria, Germany, Kessler Franz-Luitpold
Published: May 2023

Since the end of the last glacial period, around 15550 years ago, melting ice caused the sea level to rise on average by about 110 m, or 7 mm/year. Data collected at the Tusan Cliff section indicate that during the same time span, the Borneo coastline south of Miri was elevated by 132 m. The average rate of uplift of the coastline was estimated to be in the order of 8.5 mm/year, which exceeded the average rate of sea level rise by 1.5 mm. As a result, a prominent cliff section is now exposed. The uplift may be continuing today but may be outpaced in the future by a much faster sea-level rise.
La huelga de guionistas contra el marketing de las plataformas
Authors: Pujol Cristina
Published: May 2023

La amenaza de huelga de los guionistas norteamericanos podría ser una oportunidad para que los discursos y análisis que se hacen desde los medios de comunicación y la academia salgan del marco establecido por el marketing industrial de las plataformas.
Духовна превирања IV и V века
Authors: Јелисавчић Зоран
Published: May 2023

Аутор у овом раду излаже и анализира духовне покрете IV и V века који су има- ли непосредне везе са аскетским оцима. Посебна пажња је посвећена Оригену и оригени- стичком покрету, затим гностицизму, Евагрију Понтијском, Светом Макарију Великом и Светом Дијадоху Фотичком. Наиме, у питању су покрети који су оставили највише трага у формирању византијске мисли и Православне Цркве. Неки од јеретичких покрета ове врсте су успешно сузбијени у самом зачетку, а неки су преживели кроз векове и поново су се појавили, у другом облику, у позном средњем веку. Аутор износи преглед ових покрета и разматра њихов утицај на развој православног богословља.
On the issue of improving the bankruptcy procedure of the liquidated debtor
Authors: Osipov Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: May 2023

The subject of the research in this article is the legal regulation of the bankruptcy procedure of the liquidated debtor. The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of legal regulation of bankruptcy of legal entities from the point of view of general and specific patterns of legal regulation and requirements imposed on it, to identify problems in legal regulation that create conditions for illegal actions in the bankruptcy of legal entities, including the recognition of a fully solvent debtor as bankrupt. During the study, the analysis of the legal regulation of public relations in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy) was carried out by setting control questions concerning the degree of certainty of elements of these relations, as well as by determining the main types of risks arising in the regulation of these relations. During the study, it was found that the legal conditions for committing illegal actions in bankruptcy are, in particular, the availability of simplified bankruptcy procedures, in particular the bankruptcy of the liquidated debtor, which allows in some cases, in the presence of unfair actions on the part of the management of these legal entities and (or) persons affiliated with this management, to carry out illegal actions. A number of measures are proposed to improve the current legislation in the field of bankruptcy of a liquidated debtor, aimed at both protecting the interests of the debtor and protecting the interests of the creditor, including such as the introduction of mandatory monitoring procedures and mandatory inventory during this procedure.
Effects of hollow skeleton on melting process in copper foam
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Huang Rong-Zong ,   School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: May 2023

The compositing of porous medium and phase change material is an effective way to improve the heat transfer performance of solid-liquid phase change energy storage system. In this paper, we reconstruct the three-dimensional numerical structure of the copper foam by using the micro computed tomography, and then conduct the pore-scale numerical simulation of the melting process in a cubic cavity filled with the phase change material comprised of the copper foam via the lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of the hollow skeleton on the melting process are discussed in detail under different Rayleigh numbers and ratios of thermal conductivity of the copper foam to that of the phase change material. The results show that the hollow skeleton copper foam possesses a lower average Nusselt number along the left wall at the early stage of the melting process, a slower melting rate, and a higher energy storage efficiency than the solid skeleton copper foam. Comparing with the skeleton region of the copper foam, the heat transfer rate entering the cubic cavity through the hollow region of the skeleton is almost negligible. Because of the competition between heat conduction and natural convection, the heat transfer enhancement efficiency of copper foam first increases, then decreases, and then increases again with the increase of the Fourier number. When the Rayleigh number decreases, the energy storage efficiency increases, and the natural convection also weakens. Meanwhile, the fluctuation of the heat transfer enhancement efficiency decreases as the Fourier number increases, and the gap of the heat transfer enhancement efficiency between the hollow skeleton copper foam and the solid skeleton copper foam becomes smaller. When the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the copper foam skeleton to that of the phase change material increases, the energy storage efficiency is relatively high at the early stage of the melting process but becomes relatively low when the melting process is completed. With a larger thermal conductivity ratio, the heat transfer rate entering the cubic cavity through the skeleton region of the copper foam becomes dominant, which reduces the effect of the hollow skeleton on heat transfer, and thus the gap of the heat transfer enhancement efficiency between the hollow skeleton copper foam and the solid skeleton copper foam becomes relatively small.
The need to change: Is there a critical role of midlife adaptation in mental health later in life?
Authors: Thams Friederike , Brassen Stefanie
Published: May 2023

Although late-life depression (LLD) is a serious health problem and more common than dementia in people over 60, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The cognitive-emotional etiology of LLD is particularly poorly understood. This is in contrast to the now extensive literature from psychology and cognitive neuroscience on the characteristics of emotionally healthy aging. This research consistently shows a change in emotional processing in older adults that is modulated by prefrontal regulation. Lifespan theories explain this change in terms of neurocognitive adaptation to limited opportunities and resources that typically occur in the second half of life. Epidemiological data on an increase in well-being after a low point around age 50 suggest that the majority of people seem quite capable of making this adaptation, even though empirical evidence for a causal modulation of this so called ‘paradox of aging’ and for the role of the midlife dip is still lacking. Intriguingly, LLD is associated with deficits in emotional, cognitive, and prefrontal functions similar to those shown to be crucial for healthy adaptation. Suspected causes of these deficits, such as white matter lesions or affective instability, become apparent as early as midlife when internal and external changes as well as daily challenges set in. Based on these findings, we propose that some individuals who develop depression at older ages may not have been able to successfully implement self-regulatory adaptation at midlife. Here, we review the current evidence and theories on successful aging, the neurobiology of LLD, and well-being across the lifespan. Drawing on recent advances in lifespan theories, emotion regulation research, and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a model of successful versus unsuccessful adaptation that emphasizes the increasing need for implicit habitual control and resource-based regulatory choice during midlife.
Roles for mycobacterial DinB2 in frameshift and substitution mutagenesis
Authors: Dupuy Pierre , Ghosh Shreya , Fay Allison , Adefisayo Oyindamola , Gupta Richa , Shuman Stewart , Glickman Michael S
Published: May 2023

Translesion synthesis by translesion polymerases is a conserved mechanism of DNA damage tolerance. In bacteria, DinB enzymes are the widely distributed promutagenic translesion polymerases. The role of DinBs in mycobacterial mutagenesis was unclear until recent studies revealed a role for mycobacterial DinB1 in substitution and frameshift mutagenesis, overlapping with that of translesion polymerase DnaE2. Mycobacterium smegmatis encodes two additional DinBs (DinB2 and DinB3) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes DinB2, but the roles of these polymerases in mycobacterial damage tolerance and mutagenesis is unknown. The biochemical properties of DinB2, including facile utilization of ribonucleotides and 8-oxo-guanine, suggest that DinB2 could be a promutagenic polymerase. Here, we examine the effects of DinB2 and DinB3 overexpression in mycobacterial cells. We demonstrate that DinB2 can drive diverse substitution mutations conferring antibiotic resistance. DinB2 induces frameshift mutations in homopolymeric sequences, both in vitro and in vivo. DinB2 switches from less to more mutagenic in the presence of manganese in vitro. This study indicates that DinB2 may contribute to mycobacterial mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance acquisition in combination with DinB1 and DnaE2.
Temporal integration is a robust feature of perceptual decisions
Authors: Hyafil Alexandre , de la Rocha Jaime , Pericas Cristina , Katz Leor N , Huk Alexander C , Pillow Jonathan W
Published: May 2023

Making informed decisions in noisy environments requires integrating sensory information over time. However, recent work has suggested that it may be difficult to determine whether an animal’s decision-making strategy relies on evidence integration or not. In particular, strategies based on extrema-detection or random snapshots of the evidence stream may be difficult or even impossible to distinguish from classic evidence integration. Moreover, such non-integration strategies might be surprisingly common in experiments that aimed to study decisions based on integration. To determine whether temporal integration is central to perceptual decision-making, we developed a new model-based approach for comparing temporal integration against alternative ‘non-integration’ strategies for tasks in which the sensory signal is composed of discrete stimulus samples. We applied these methods to behavioral data from monkeys, rats, and humans performing a variety of sensory decision-making tasks. In all species and tasks, we found converging evidence in favor of temporal integration. First, in all observers across studies, the integration model better accounted for standard behavioral statistics such as psychometric curves and psychophysical kernels. Second, we found that sensory samples with large evidence do not contribute disproportionately to subject choices, as predicted by an extrema-detection strategy. Finally, we provide a direct confirmation of temporal integration by showing that the sum of both early and late evidence contributed to observer decisions. Overall, our results provide experimental evidence suggesting that temporal integration is an ubiquitous feature in mammalian perceptual decision-making. Our study also highlights the benefits of using experimental paradigms where the temporal stream of sensory evidence is controlled explicitly by the experimenter, and known precisely by the analyst, to characterize the temporal properties of the decision process.
Spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic delay is required for cell division in absence of centrosomes
Authors: Farrell KC , Wang Jennifer T , Stearns Tim
Published: May 2023

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) temporally regulates mitosis by preventing progression from metaphase to anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. Centrosomes refine the spatial organization of the mitotic spindle at the spindle poles. However, centrosome loss leads to elongated mitosis, suggesting that centrosomes also inform the temporal organization of mitosis in mammalian cells. Here, we find that the mitotic delay in acentrosomal cells is enforced by the SAC in a MPS1-dependent manner, and that a SAC-dependent mitotic delay is required for bipolar cell division to occur in acentrosomal cells. Although acentrosomal cells become polyploid, polyploidy is not sufficient to cause dependency on a SAC-mediated delay to complete cell division. Rather, the division failure in absence of MPS1 activity results from mitotic exit occurring before acentrosomal spindles can become bipolar. Furthermore, prevention of centrosome separation suffices to make cell division reliant on a SAC-dependent mitotic delay. Thus, centrosomes and their definition of two spindle poles early in mitosis provide a ‘timely two-ness’ that allows cell division to occur in absence of a SAC-dependent mitotic delay.
Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID
Authors: Chen Benjamin , Julg Boris , Mohandas Sindhu , Bradfute Steven B ,   RECOVER Mechanistic Pathways Task Force
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has infected hundreds of millions of individuals. Following COVID-19 infection, a subset can develop a wide range of chronic symptoms affecting diverse organ systems referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. A National Institutes of Health-sponsored initiative, RECOVER: Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery, has sought to understand the basis of long COVID in a large cohort. Given the range of symptoms that occur in long COVID, the mechanisms that may underlie these diverse symptoms may also be diverse. In this review, we focus on the emerging literature supporting the role(s) that viral persistence or reactivation of viruses may play in PASC. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigens is reported in some organs, yet the mechanism by which they do so and how they may be associated with pathogenic immune responses is unclear. Understanding the mechanisms of persistence of RNA, antigen or other reactivated viruses and how they may relate to specific inflammatory responses that drive symptoms of PASC may provide a rationale for treatment.
Theta- and gamma-band oscillatory uncoupling in the macaque hippocampus
Authors: Abbaspoor Saman , Hussin Ahmed T , Hoffman Kari L
Published: May 2023

Nested hippocampal oscillations in the rodent give rise to temporal dynamics that may underlie learning, memory, and decision making. Although theta/gamma coupling in rodent CA1 occurs during exploration and sharp-wave ripples emerge in quiescence, it is less clear that these oscillatory regimes extend to primates. We therefore sought to identify correspondences in frequency bands, nesting, and behavioral coupling of oscillations taken from macaque hippocampus. We found that, in contrast to rodent oscillations, theta and gamma frequency bands in macaque CA1 were segregated by behavioral states. In both stationary and freely moving designs, beta2/gamma (15–70 Hz) had greater power during visual search whereas the theta band (3–10 Hz; peak ~8 Hz) dominated during quiescence and early sleep. Moreover, theta-band amplitude was strongest when beta2/slow gamma (20–35 Hz) amplitude was weakest, instead occurring along with higher frequencies (60–150 Hz). Spike-field coherence was most frequently seen in these three bands (3–10 Hz, 20–35 Hz, and 60–150 Hz); however, the theta-band coherence was largely due to spurious coupling during sharp-wave ripples. Accordingly, no intrinsic theta spiking rhythmicity was apparent. These results support a role for beta2/slow gamma modulation in CA1 during active exploration in the primate that is decoupled from theta oscillations. The apparent difference to the rodent oscillatory canon calls for a shift in focus of frequency when considering the primate hippocampus.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceramide, and coenzyme Q are linked in a pathway that drives insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
Authors: Diaz-Vegas Alexis , Madsen Søren , Cooke Kristen C , Carroll Luke , Khor Jasmine XY , Turner Nigel , Lim Xin Y , Astore Miro A , Morris Jonathan C , Don Anthony S , Garfield Amanda , Zarini Simona , Zemski Berry Karin A , Ryan Andrew P , Bergman Bryan C , Brozinick Joseph T , James David E , Burchfield James G
Published: May 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder that underlies several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying IR development remain poorly understood. Previously we showed that deficiency of coenzyme Q (CoQ) is necessary and sufficient for IR in adipocytes and skeletal muscle (Fazakerley et al., 2018). Here, we provide new insights into the mechanistic connections between cellular alterations associated with IR, including increased ceramides, CoQ deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that elevated levels of ceramide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells result in CoQ depletion and loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain components, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and IR. Further, decreasing mitochondrial ceramide levels in vitro and in animal models (mice, C57BL/6J) (under chow and high-fat diet) increased CoQ levels and was protective against IR. CoQ supplementation also rescued ceramide-associated IR. Examination of the mitochondrial proteome from human muscle biopsies revealed a strong correlation between the respirasome system and mitochondrial ceramide as key determinants of insulin sensitivity. Our findings highlight the mitochondrial ceramide–CoQ–respiratory chain nexus as a potential foundation of an IR pathway that may also play a critical role in other conditions associated with ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as heart failure, cancer, and aging. These insights may have important clinical implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IR and related metabolic disorders.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceramide and Coenzyme Q are linked in a pathway that drives insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
Authors: Diaz-Vegas Alexis , Madsen Soren , Cooke Kristen C. , Carroll Luke , Khor Jasmine X.Y. , Turner Nigel , Lim Xin Ying , Astore Miro A. , Morris Jonathan , Don Anthony , Garfield Amanda , Zarini Simona , Zemski Berry Karin A. , Ryan Andrew , Bergman Bryan C. , Brozinick Joseph T. , James David E. , Burchfield James G.
Published: May 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder that underlies several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying IR development remain poorly understood. Here, we provide new insights into the mechanistic connections between cellular alterations associated with IR, including increased ceramides, deficiency of coenzyme Q (CoQ), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that elevated levels of ceramide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells results in CoQ depletion and loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain components, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and IR. Further, decreasing mitochondrial ceramide levels in vitro and in animal models increased CoQ levels and was protective against IR. CoQ supplementation also rescued ceramide-associated IR. Examination of the mitochondrial proteome from human muscle biopsies revealed a strong correlation between the respirasome system and mitochondrial ceramide as key determinants of insulin sensitivity. Our findings highlight the mitochondrial Ceramide-CoQ-respiratory chain nexus as a potential foundation of an IR pathway that may also play a critical role in other conditions associated with ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as heart failure, cancer, and aging. These insights may have important clinical implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IR and related metabolic disorders.
Variation of choroidal thickness during the waking period over three consecutive days in different degrees of myopia and emmetropia using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jiang Xianming , Xiao Ping , Tan Qian , Zhu Yunxiao
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To investigate the diurnal variation in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) during the waking period over three consecutive days in different degrees of myopia and emmetropia.

Methods

A total of 60 adult volunteers were grouped into low, moderate, high myopia, and emmetropia subgroups. SFCT, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured every 2 h from 8 AM to 8 PM for three successive days.

Results

The mean values of daily change amplitude were 3.18 mmHg (IOP), 0.05 mm (AL), 0.17 mm (ACD), and 13.51 μm (SFCT). The values of AL and ACD increased simultaneously with spherical equivalent refraction (SER), but SFCT was the opposite. IOP had a diurnal variation, and there was no difference among the four groups. AL of the high myopia group, ACD of the emmetropia group, and SFCT of each myopia group had diurnal variation over three consecutive days. AL had a high mean value at noon every day, and SFCT had a low mean value at noon every day.

Conclusion

The choroid thickness of subjects with different degrees of myopia had a significant diurnal variation. The change of diurnal variation between emmetropic and myopic subjects may be one of the causes of myopia.
CHARCTERISTICS OF NEW BUILDINGS IN THE IMPACT AREA OF A LARGE CITY
Authors: Anna Sikora
Published: May 2023

The existence of many field estates, despite their apparent order, from the landscape point of view is chaotic, incoherent and inefficient in terms of communication. The article attempts to create a typology of the most characteristic layouts of housing estates and to indicate the main factors influencing the formation of building complexes. The subject of the study is the analysis of the specificity of the spatial development of suburban zones in three cities: Rzeszów, Poznań and Warsaw. The aim of the analysis is to show the similarities and differences in selected areas. The implementation effect is the recognition of the nature of the buildings spreading outside the city’s territory. Determining the typology of buildings that can be located in specific areas may also help in practice of issuing decisions on development conditions. The catalogue of possible solutions, together with the analysis of the produced communication systems, will allow to forecast the spatial shape of future investments and, consequently, to optimize the provisions limiting pathological solutions.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AMOUNT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE GENERATION – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Maksymilian Cieśla  , Anna Kosior
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the results of research of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the amount of municipal waste generated in the Sieniawa community (region of south-eastern Poland). The basic assessment was conducted in relation to restrictions and limitations introduced in Poland in order to limit the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pandemic affected almost every sector of the economy and disrupted the existing social life, including the functioning of the waste management system. The analysis shows that in the study area during the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of waste generated changed significantly. It has been shown that in the study area, the introduction of various types of restrictions (including working and/or studying remotely, "national quarantine", restrictions on free movement, etc.) contributed to a clear reduction in the amount of waste generated in households, business entities, educational institutions, commercial and service facilities, among others. It turned out that the results of our observations are opposed with the generally formulated theses in this aspect. Nevertheless, an undeniable and unintended (indirect) effect of the actions taken to combat COVID-19 was the reduction of negative human pressure on the environment (reduction of the amount of waste generated). It follows that, in the current state of knowledge, there are no unambiguous patterns developed which would make it possible to predict the mechanisms responsible for the amount of waste generated during a crisis situation.
Efficacy of Nano Fertilizers on Yield, Attributes and Economics of Wheat
Authors: Singh Y. K. , Singh Bal Veer , Katiyar Drishty , Saikanth D. R. K. , Kumar Kaushal , Singh Omkar , Verma Shikhar , Kumar Pramod
Published: May 2023

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar application of nano-fertilizers N and P on yield, and the economics of wheat in Semi-arid and sub-tropical region of Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in triplicate following a randomized block design with twelve treatments comprising foliar application semi-different doses of Nano N and P. Foliar application of 1st spray of Nano N and P at 30 days after sowing (DAS) + 2nd spray of Nano N and Zn at 45 DAS along with 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) significantly (P=0.05) increased yield and have better economics. Foliar application of nano-fertilizers leads to significant improvement of crop productivity of wheat in Semi- arid and sub-tropical region of Uttar Pradesh. Moreover, the foliar application of nano-fertilizers, i.e., Nano N has direct role in increasing yield as nutrient get easily available to plant in case of foliar spray.
Sponsorship in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Farlow Janice L. , Wamkpah Nneoma S. , Francis Howard W. , Bradford Carol R. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Sponsorship, distinct from mentorship or coaching, involves advancing the careers of individuals by nominating them for roles, increasing the visibility of their work, or facilitating opportunities. Sponsorship can open doors and enhance diversity; however, achieving desirable outcomes requires equitable approaches to cultivating potential in sponsees and promoting their success. The evidence on equitable sponsorship practices has not been critically examined, and this special communication reviews the literature, highlighting best practices.

Observations

Sponsorship addresses an unmet need for supporting individuals who have historically been afforded fewer, less visible, or less effective opportunities for upward career mobility. Barriers to equitable sponsorship include the paucity of sponsors of underrepresented identity; smaller and underdeveloped networks among these sponsors; lack of transparent, intentional sponsorship processes; and structural inequities that are associated with recruitment, retention, and advancement of diverse individuals. Strategies to enhance equitable sponsorship are cross-functional, building on foundational principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion; patient safety and quality improvement; and insights from education and business. Equity, diversity, and inclusion principles inform training on implicit bias, cross-cultural communication, and intersectional mentoring. Practices inspired by patient safety and quality improvement emphasize continuously improving outreach to diverse candidates. Education and business insights emphasize minimizing cognitive errors, appreciating the bidirectional character of interactions, and ensuring that individuals are prepared for and supported in new roles. Collectively, these principles provide a framework for sponsorship. Persistent knowledge gaps are associated with timing, resources, and systems for sponsorship.

Conclusions and Relevance

The nascent literature on sponsorship is limited but draws on best practices from various disciplines and has potential to promote diversity within the profession. Strategies include developing systematic approaches, providing effective training, and supporting a culture of sponsorship. Future research is needed to define best practices for identifying sponsees, cultivating sponsors, tracking outcomes, and fostering longitudinal practices that are sustainable at local, regional, and national levels.
Evaluation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers after vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Iacono Salvatore , Piccoli Tommaso , Aridon Paolo , Schirò Giuseppe , Blandino Valeria , Tarantino Domenico , Agnello Luisa , Ciaccio Marcello , Ragonese Paolo , Salemi Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Objective

Vaccines are a major achievement of science, and new vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 are protecting the entire population from a life‐threatening infection. Although several neurological complications or worsening of pre‐existing neurological conditions after vaccination have been observed, whether a biological plausibility exist between new vaccines against‐SARS‐CoV‐2 and neurological consequences is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 induce systemic or cerebrospinal fluid alterations in patients with neurological disorders.

Methods

Patients who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) between February 2021 and October 2022 were enrolled. Serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), cerebrospinal fluid total protein content (CSF‐TPc), glucose CSF/serum ratio, number of CSF cells per cubic millimeter, and CSF neurofilament light chain (CSF‐NfL) were compared between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients.

Results

A total of 110 patients were included and fitted into three groups according firstly to vaccination status (vaccinated and unvaccinated) and then to time from last dose of vaccine to LP (within or after 3 months). TPc, CSF/SGlu ratio, number of cells per cubic millimeter, CSF‐NfL, CRP, and NLR were not different between groups (all p > 0.05), and also, they did not differ neither according to age nor diagnosis. No relevant differences between groups were also noticed when the at‐risk time window was set to 6 weeks.

Interpretation

No signs of neuroinflammation, axonal loss and systemic inflammation were found in patients with neurological disorders after anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination compared with unvaccinated ones.
Functional Characterization of MC4R Variants in Chinese Morbid Obese Patients and Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Gong Yingyun , Wu Qinyi , Huang Shushu , Fu Zhenzhen , Ye Jingya , Liu Ruiping , Lin Shibo , Guan Wei , Yang Ningli , Li John Zhong , Liang Hui , Zhou Hongwen
Published: May 2023

Mutations in MC4R are the most common genetic cause of obesity. In the reported Chinese morbid obesity cohort, 10 out of 59 harbor six MC4R variants, including Y35C, T53I, V103I, R165W, G233S, and C277X, among which V103I has a relatively high frequency, while other five variants are rare in the population. The prevalence of MC4R carriers in Chinese morbid obese patients (body mass index ≥ 45 kg m−2) is detected as 16.9% in this study. R165W and C277X are loss‐of‐function variants. The patient with R165W achieves excess weight loss (%EWL) as high as 20.6% and 50.3% at 1 and 8 months after surgery, respectively. G233S is reported for the first time in Asia obese population. The patient harboring G233S has a %EWL as 23.3% one month postsurgery. It is concluded that morbid obese patients with rare MC4R variants can benefit from metabolic surgery. More importantly, the choice of surgery procedure and MC4R variant should be taken into consideration for personalized treatment. In the future, a larger size cohort, accompanied with regular and longer follow‐up, would be helpful.
A Critical Review of Laser Shock Peening of Aircraft Engine Components
Authors: Ye Yixuan , Zhang Yu , Huang Tao , Zou Shikun , Dong Yalin , Ding Han , Vasudevan Vijay K. , Ye Chang
Published: May 2023

Many aviation accidents are caused by the failure of aircraft engine components, and engine blades are especially vulnerable to high‐cycle fatigue fracture in severe working environments as well as to impact damage caused by foreign objects. To address this problem, the United States took the lead and has been successful in implementing laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface treatment for aircraft engine components to enhance their fatigue performance. This review provides an overview of the development of LSP for use in treating aircraft engine components over the past three decades, with a brief introduction to the development of high‐energy pulsed lasers for LSP. A particular focus of this review is on the limitations and challenges associated with the application of LSP for treating critical aircraft engine components. It is hoped that this review serves as a reference for future research and development that can lead to better performance of these components.