bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing perceptions of language in sociolinguistics
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Jin Guangyu , Li Wenhua
Published: March 2023

This paper traces the changing perceptions of language in sociolinguistics. These perceptions of language are reviewed in terms of language in its verbal forms, and languageinvis-à-visasa multimodal construct. In reviewing these changing perceptions, this paper examines different concepts or approaches in sociolinguistics. By reviewing these trends of thoughts and applications, this article intends to shed light on ontological issues such as what constitutes language, and where its place is in multimodal practices in sociolinguistics. Expanding the ontology of language from verbal resources toward various multimodal constructs has enabled sociolinguists to pursue meaning-making, indexicalities and social variations in its most authentic state. Language in a multimodal construct entails the boundaries and distinctions between various modes, while language as a multimodal construct sees language itself as multimodal; it focuses on the social constructs, social meaning and language as a force in social change rather than the combination or orchestration of various modes in communication. Language as a multimodal construct has become the dominant trend in contemporary sociolinguistic studies.
An odd feature of the “most classical” states of SU(2) invariant quantum mechanical systems
Authors: Szabados László B.
Published: March 2023

Complex and spinorial techniques of general relativity are used to determine all the states of SU(2) invariant quantum mechanical systems in which the equality holds in uncertainty relations for the components of the angular momentum vector operator in two given directions. The expectation values depend on a discrete quantum number and two parameters, one of them is the angle between two angular momentum components and the other is the quotient of two standard deviations. Allowing the angle between two angular momentum components to be arbitrary, a new genuine quantum mechanical phenomenon emerges: it is shown that although standard deviations change continuously, one of the expectation values changes discontinuously on this parameter space. Since physically neither of the angular momentum components is distinguished over the other, this discontinuity suggests that the genuine parameter space must be a double cover of this classical one: it must be diffeomorphic to a Riemann surface known in connection with the complex function z. Moreover, the angle between angular momentum components plays the role of the parameter of an interpolation between the continuous range of expectation values in the special case of orthogonal angular momentum components and the discrete point spectrum of one angular momentum component. The consequences in the simultaneous measurements of these angular momentum components are also discussed briefly.
The “most classical” states of Euclidean invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems
Authors: Szabados László B.
Published: March 2023

Complex techniques of general relativity are used to determine all the states in two- and three-dimensional momentum spaces in which the equality holds in uncertainty relations for non-commuting basic observables of Euclidean invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems, even with non-zero intrinsic spin. It is shown that while there is a 1-parameter family of such states for any two components of the angular momentum vector operator with any angle between them, such states exist for a component of the linear and angular momenta only if these components are orthogonal to each other, and hence, the problem is reduced to the two-dimensional Euclidean invariant case. We also show that analogous states exist for a component of the linear momentum and of the center-of-mass vector only if the angle between them is zero or an acute angle. No such state (represented by a square integrable and differentiable wave function) can exist for any pair of components of the center-of-mass vector operator. Therefore, the existence of such states depends not only on the Lie algebra but on the choice of its generators as well.
Machine learning-based Curie temperature prediction for magnetic 14:2:1 phases
Authors: Choudhary Amit Kumar , Kini Anoop , Hohs Dominic , Jansche Andreas , Bernthaler Timo , Csiszár Orsolya , Goll Dagmar , Schneider Gerhard
Published: March 2023

The TM14RE2B-based phases (TM = transition metal, RE = rare earth metal; hereafter called 14:2:1) enable permanent magnets with outstanding magnetic properties. Novel chemical compositions that represent new 14:2:1 phases necessitate that they do not demagnetize at application-specific operating temperatures. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the Curie temperature (Tc) is important. For magnetic 14:2:1 phases, we present a machine learning model that predicts Tc by using merely chemical compositional features. Hyperparameter tuning on bagging and boosting models, as well as averaging predictions from individual models using the voting regressor, enables a low mean-absolute-error of 16 K on an unseen test set. The training set and a test set have been constructed by randomly splitting, in an 80:20 ratio, of a database that contains 449 phases (270 compositionally unique) mapped with their Tc, taken from distinct publications. The model correctly identifies the relative importance of key substitutional elements that influence Tc, especially in an Fe base such as Co, Mn, and Al. This paper is expected to serve as a basis for accurate Curie temperature predictions in the sought-after 14:2:1 permanent magnet family, particularly for transition metal substitution of within 20% in an Fe or Co base.
Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians for linear and nonlinear optical response: A model for plexcitons
Authors: Finkelstein-Shapiro Daniel , Mante Pierre-Adrien , Balci Sinan , Zigmantas Donatas , Pullerits Tõnu
Published: March 2023

In polaritons, the properties of matter are modified by mixing the molecular transitions with light modes inside a cavity. Resultant hybrid light–matter states exhibit energy level shifts, are delocalized over many molecular units, and have a different excited-state potential energy landscape, which leads to modified exciton dynamics. Previously, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have been derived to describe the excited states of molecules coupled to surface plasmons (i.e., plexcitons), and these operators have been successfully used in the description of linear and third order optical response. In this article, we rigorously derive non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in the response function formalism of nonlinear spectroscopy by means of Feshbach operators and apply them to explore spectroscopic signatures of plexcitons. In particular, we analyze the optical response below and above the exceptional point that arises for matching transition energies for plasmon and molecular components and study their decomposition using double-sided Feynman diagrams. We find a clear distinction between interference and Rabi splitting in linear spectroscopy and a qualitative change in the symmetry of the line shape of the nonlinear signal when crossing the exceptional point. This change corresponds to one in the symmetry of the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. Our work presents an approach for simulating the optical response of sublevels within an electronic system and opens new applications of nonlinear spectroscopy to examine the different regimes of the spectrum of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.
Interlayer hybridization in a van der Waals quantum spin-Hall insulator/superconductor heterostructure
Authors: Bussolotti Fabio , Kawai Hiroyo , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Tao Wei , Ho Duc-Quan , Das Anirban , Jia Junxiang , Mukherjee Shantanu , Weber Bent , Johnson Goh Kuan Eng
Published: March 2023

In this work, we present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of a 1T′-WTe2 monolayer epitaxially grown on NbSe2 substrates, a prototypical quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI)/superconductor heterojunction. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data indicate the formation of electronic states in the bulk bandgap of WTe2, which are absent in the nearly free-standing WTe2 grown on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate, where an energy gap of ∼100 meV is reported. The results are explained in terms of hybridization effects promoted by the QSHI–superconductor interaction at WTe2/NbSe2 interfaces, in line with recent scanning probe microscopy investigation and theoretical band structure calculations. Our findings highlight the important role of interlayer interaction on the electronic properties and ultimately on the engineering of topological properties of the QSHI/superconducting heterostructure.
A spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope in vector magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Lihui , He Qingyu , Que Xinglu , Rost Andreas W. , Takagi Hide
Published: March 2023

Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) performed in a high vector magnetic field provide unique possibilities for imaging surface magnetic structures and anisotropic superconductivity and exploring spin physics in quantum materials with atomic precision. Here, we describe the design, construction, and performance of a low-temperature, ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) spectroscopic-imaging STM equipped with a vector magnet capable of applying a field of up to 3 T in any direction with respect to the sample surface. The STM head is housed in a fully bakeable UHV compatible cryogenic insert and is operational over variable temperatures ranging from ∼300 down to 1.5 K. The insert can be easily upgraded using our home-designed 3He refrigerator. In addition to layered compounds, which can be cleaved at a temperature of either ∼300, ∼77, or ∼4.2 K to expose an atomically flat surface, thin films can also be studied by directly transferring using a UHV suitcase from our oxide thin-film laboratory. Samples can be treated further with a heater and a liquid helium/nitrogen cooling stage on a three-axis manipulator. The STM tips can be treated in vacuo by e-beam bombardment and ion sputtering. We demonstrate the successful operation of the STM with varying the magnetic field direction. Our facility provides a way to study materials in which magnetic anisotropy is a key factor in determining the electronic properties such as in topological semimetals and superconductors.
One-dimensional turbulence modeling of compressible flows: II. Full compressible modification and application to shock–turbulence interaction
Authors: Gao Tianyun , Schmidt Heiko , Klein Marten , Liang Jianhan , Sun Mingbo , Chen Chongpei , Guan Qingdi
Published: March 2023

One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is a simulation methodology that represents the essential physics of three-dimensional turbulence through stochastic resolution of the full range of length and time scales on a one-dimensional domain. In the present study, full compressible modifications are incorporated into ODT methodology, based on an Eulerian framework and a conservative form of the governing equations. In the deterministic part of this approach, a shock capturing scheme is introduced for the first time. In the stochastic part, one-dimensional eddy events are modeled and sampled according to standard methods for compressible flow simulation. Time advancement adjustments are made to balance comparable time steps between the deterministic and stochastic parts in compressible flows. Canonical shock–turbulence interaction cases involving Richtmyer–Meshkov instability at Mach numbers 1.24, 1.5, and 1.98 are simulated to validate the extended model. The ODT results are compared with available reference data from large eddy simulations and laboratory experiments. The introduction of a shock capturing scheme significantly improves the performance of the ODT method, and the results for turbulent kinetic energy are qualitatively improved compared with those of a previous compressible Lagrangian ODT method [Jozefik et al., “Simulation of shock–turbulence interaction in non-reactive flow and in turbulent deflagration and detonation regimes using one-dimensional turbulence,” Combust. Flame 164, 53 (2016)]. For the time evolution of profiles of the turbulent mixing zone width, ensemble-averaged density, and specific heat ratio, the new model also yields good to reasonable results. Furthermore, it is found that the viscous penalty parameter Z of the ODT model is insensitive to compressibility effects in turbulent flows without wall effects. A small value of Z is appropriate for turbulent flows with weak wall effects, and the parameter Z serves to suppress extremely small eddy events that would be dissipated instantly by viscosity.
All-optical separation of chiral nanoparticles on silicon-based microfluidic chips with vector exceptional points
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhang Weixuan , He Lu , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: March 2023

Surface-enhanced all-optical separation of chiral molecules plays an important role in the field of chiral recognition. However, the originally designed photonic micro/nano-structures are always suffering from a lot of limitations, such as low strengths of chiral optical forces, limited spatial resolutions, and narrow separation areas. Here, we theoretically design a silicon-based microfluidic chip to achieve highly efficient separations of chiral nanoparticles. By breaking the mirror-symmetry of a pair of lossy waveguides, two original orthogonal modes are coupled with each other, triggering the formation of a vector exceptional point. Numerical simulations clearly show that the superchiral gradient field can be generated in the microfluidic chip assisted by the vector exceptional point. Such a surface-enhanced chiral gradient field can induce extremely strong chiral gradient forces, pushing nanoparticles with opposite chirality toward different sides of the extended slot. Furthermore, we construct cascade vector exception points in a single microfluidic chip to fulfill the chiral separation with a larger spatial distance. Based on particle tracking simulations, we numerically demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our designed microfluidic chips under the influence of the thermal motion of nanoparticles. Our work proposes an efficient way of separating enantiomers in microfluidic chips with high spatial resolution, and shows an exciting prospect for next-generation chiral separation technologies.
Compressive sensing combined deep learning for fast microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography
Authors: Wan Pengcheng , Liu Shuangli , Tian Ruipu , Shang Xin , Peng Wanting
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, and early detection of breast cancer is essential for more effective treatment. Recently, microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) based on compressive sensing has been proven to have great potential as a new detection tool for early breast cancer within low sampling time. However, the traditional MITAT reconstruction method based on compressive sensing requires many computing resources. To find a balance between low computing resources and high-resolution images for the method based on compressive sensing, especially in the environment of a non-uniform tissue, we developed a MITAT based on deep learning (DL-MITAT) imaging scheme compressive sensing-super-resolution thermoacoustic imaging (CS-SRTAI) method which decomposed the single reconstruction step into the initial reconstruction part and the super-resolution part. The initial reconstruction part extracts the necessary physical information into the low-resolution image space. The super-resolution part maps the low-resolution image space to the high-resolution image space. Specifically, we proposed a neural network in the super-resolution part. Both numerical simulation and the experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method achieved 88% structural similarity index measure within computing resources of 21 s and 1.0 GB for the numerical simulation. Moreover, for the real breast tumor and non-uniform tissue experiment, the CS-SRTAI performs well at recovering the location, size, and number of the tumor within computing resources of 65 s and 1.1 GB. It is worth noting that the proposed DL-MITAT imaging strategy reduces computing resources with great imaging quality. It is promising to use in the fields where the computing resources for imaging are restricted.
Dual passivation effects of ionic liquids enable efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ye Xiaofang , Cai Hongkun , Xu Tie , Ni Jian , Zhang Jianjun
Published: March 2023

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting more and more attention. Although perovskite materials have high defect tolerance, defects remain the main factor that seriously affects the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, the ionic liquid of 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][ACO]) was introduced into the SnO2/perovskite interface for the first time. Thanks to the dipoles formed by ILs spontaneously, the work function of SnO2 was reduced and the transport ability of carriers was improved as well. Moreover, the Lewis acidity and lone pair electrons of [BMIM][ACO] contribute to the passivation of I– defects, Pb2+ defects, or Pb-I anti site defects. In addition, the presence of dipoles will repel the approach of photogenerated holes and the reverse transport of electrons, reducing the recombination of defect sites through field-effect passivation. The solar cell with efficiency of 19.43% was obtained under such a dual passivation effect, and the best device maintained 75.21% of the initial efficiency after 80 h of continuous illumination.
Resistance fluctuation spectroscopy of phase transitions in (La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)NiO3 thin films
Authors: Nagarajan Ramya , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Bid Aveek
Published: March 2023

The study of phase transitions is crucial to understanding the physics of materials and utilizing them for technological applications. This article presents a detailed analysis of the electronic transport properties of high entropy oxide thin films. We observe an increase in resistance fluctuations across a first-order phase transition. We show that the noise arises from an electronic phase separation accompanying the spin ordering due to the formation of domains of localized and delocalized charges. We conclude that due to charge disproportionation, the charge carriers form domains of localized and delocalized electrons in this system. Our study establishes the existence of multiple states with near equal energy in such complex oxide thin films.
Examining the anisotropic behavior of the excitons in anatase TiO2 by angle-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy
Authors: Saito Tomoya , Sato Yohei K. , Terauchi Masami
Published: March 2023

The behavior of excitons excited in anatase crystalline materials affects the photocatalytic performance of the materials. Thus, investigating the properties of such excitons is essential for understanding the origin of their influence on photocatalytic performance. Here, angle-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the size of the spatial spread of excitons in anatase TiO2. Three kinds of excitons (I–III), which were reported by polarized light absorption experiments, were experimentally identified in the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra. Exciton size was evaluated from absorption intensity, which was derived by the Kramers–Kronig analysis of the EELS spectra, depending on the momentum transfer (q). The sizes of excitons I, II, and III were evaluated to be 8, 5, and 6 nm, respectively. The larger size of exciton I than that of III was with the same tendency as in the theoretical results. Exciton II, which was evaluated as a delocalized one, was evaluated to have a finite size in this experiment. The largest size of exciton I, approximately 8 nm, is the same order of the exciton diffusion lengths of the material. Therefore, exciton I should significantly influence the photocatalytic activity of anatase.
Quantification of anion and cation uptake in ice Ih crystals
Authors: Sivells Tiara , Viswanathan Pranav , Cyran Jenée D.
Published: March 2023

While ice has very low solubility for salts compared to water, small amounts of ions are doped into ice crystals. These small ion dopants can alter the fundamental physical and chemical properties of ice, such as its structure and electrical conductivity. Therefore, these results could have a direct impact on the chemical reactivity of ice and ice surfaces. Here, we examine the influence of the uptake of three salts—ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]—on ice Ih formation using capillary electrophoresis. Using both cation and anion modes, we observed and quantified the uptake of individual ions into the ice. Our results indicate that anions have a higher propensity for uptake into ice Ih crystals.
Aerodynamic interference of three flapping wings in tandem configuration
Authors: Meng Xueguang , Chen Zengshuang , Wang Dingsheng , Jiang Shujie , Chen Gang
Published: March 2023

Collective movements are common in nature, such as the swimming of fish schools and the flight of birds in formation. The aero/hydrodynamic performance of such movements is a research hotspot at present. As a continuation of the previous research [X. G. Meng et al., “Aerodynamic performance and flow mechanism of multi-flapping wings with different spatial arrangements,” Phys. Fluids 34, 021907 (2022)], this study examined the aerodynamic interference effect of three tandem flapping wings at different morphological and kinematic parameters. Computational fluid dynamics was used with the aspect ratio (AR) of the wing ranging from 2.75 to 4.75, stroke amplitude (Φ) from 60° to 120°, advance ratio (J) from 0.25 to 0.6, and Reynolds number (Re) from 200 to 2000. The aerodynamic interference for the tandem flapping wings includes three effects, namely, the narrow channel effect, the downwash effect, and the wake capture effect. The AR, Φ, and J can significantly influence the evolution of the vortex structures of the three-flapping-wing system, especially the velocity of wake vortices developing downstream. As a result, the downwash effect in the downstroke and the wake capture effect in the upstroke change obviously with these parameters. Due to the decreasing viscous effect with the increase in Re, the wake capture effect, which can improve the thrust of the wings, is more obvious at higher Re. This study further deepens our insight into the flow physics of the multi-flapping wings and provides a theoretical basis for improving the aerodynamic performance of multi-flapping-wing vehicles in the future.
Seed dormancy alleviation by warm stratification progressively widens the germination window in Mediterranean climate Rutaceae
Authors: Just Michael , Cross Adam T. , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Turner Shane R. , Merritt David J. , Dixon Kingsley
Published: March 2023

Context In ecosystems where rainfall is episodic or highly seasonal, plant recruitment from a soil-stored seed bank occurs during periods of elevated soil moisture conducive to germination and seedling establishment. The release of seed dormancy in response to environmental conditions has significant consequences for the temperature window over which germination occurs, and as such the timing of germination can vary between years. Aims We aimed to understand in seeds of two species of Rutaceae, Diplolaena dampieri and Rhadinothamnus anceps, how dormancy loss and germination timing is influenced by warm stratification. Methods We tested the germination response to temperatures between 5 and 30°C following increasing durations (1–12 and 4–12 weeks) of warm stratification at 20, 25, or 30°C. Key results Warm stratification for 1–8 weeks at 30°C progressively alleviated seed dormancy in D. dampieri and R. anceps, increasing germination proportion from ~0.1 to ~0.5 in both species. Stratification duration was optimal at 30°C for between 4 and 8 weeks depending on species. Warm stratification was not affected by water stress down to −0.8 Mpa. Application of aerosol smoke did not significantly improve germination, and heat treatments had a negative effect on final germination proportion. Conclusions As dormancy was progressively alleviated, the range of temperatures that support germination increased for D. dampieri and decreased for R. anceps, allowing for confirmation of type 1 and type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy (PD), respectively. Implications Arising from this conclusion, we suggest that in Mediterranean climates, type 1 and 2 PD dictate risk-taking and risk-avoiding ecological strategies by shifting the thermal requirements for germination towards that characteristic of the early- or mid-germination season. Classification of non-deep PD may offer a structured approach to predict how temperature requirements shift during dormancy loss, which will provide insight into seed germination response to year-to-year variation in seasonal environmental conditions.
Whither digital agriculture in India?
Authors: Goswami Rupak , Dutta Sudarshan , Misra Sanchayeeta , Dasgupta Shubhadip , Chakraborty Somsubhra , Mallick Kousik , Sinha Aditya , Singh Vinod K. , Oberthür Thomas , Cook Simon , Majumdar Kaushik
Published: March 2023

Agriculture is central to the Indian economy and suffers from widespread operational inefficiencies that could be corrected by the use of digital agriculture technologies (DA). We review and synthesise available literature concerning digital agriculture in India and anticipate its transformative potential in the coming decade. Although the initial growth of DA was more conspicuous in the downstream sectors and high-value crops, reaching smallholder farmers upstream is slowly emerging despite significant obstacles such as small fragmented holdings, inadequate data infrastructure and public policy, and unequal access to digital infrastructure. Agri-tech enables innovation at many locations within value chains, and a steady shift is occurring in change from individual farms to the whole value chain. Technology in the sector is progressing from information and communication technology-based solutions to Internet of Things and artificial intelligence–machine learning-enabled services. India’s public policy shows signs of a longstanding investment and collaboration in the sector, with an explicit focus on data infrastructure development. We find smallholder predominance, diversity in production systems, the predominance of commodity crops, proximity to urban markets, and public policy as the major factors of DA’s success in India. A stocktake of the available technologies and their applications by the public sector, tech giants, information technology leaders and agri-food tech startups in India strongly indicates a digital transformation of Indian agriculture. However, given the federal structure of governance and agriculture being a state (province) subject, we need to wait to see how DA policies are rolled out and taken up across the country.
Improving the secretion of designed protein assemblies through negative design of cryptic transmembrane domains
Authors: Wang Jing Yang (John) , Khmelinskaia Alena , Sheffler William , Miranda Marcos C. , Antanasijevic Aleksandar , Borst Andrew J. , Torres Susana V. , Shu Chelsea , Hsia Yang , Nattermann Una , Ellis Daniel , Walkey Carl , Ahlrichs Maggie , Chan Sidney , Kang Alex , Nguyen Hannah , Sydeman Claire , Sankaran Banumathi , Wu Mengyu , Bera Asim K. , Carter Lauren , Fiala Brooke , Murphy Michael , Baker David , Ward Andrew B. , King Neil P.
Published: March 2023

Computationally designed protein nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising platform for the development of new vaccines and biologics. For many applications, secretion of designed nanoparticles from eukaryotic cells would be advantageous, but in practice, they often secrete poorly. Here we show that designed hydrophobic interfaces that drive nanoparticle assembly are often predicted to form cryptic transmembrane domains, suggesting that interaction with the membrane insertion machinery could limit efficient secretion. We develop a general computational protocol, the Degreaser, to design away cryptic transmembrane domains without sacrificing protein stability. The retroactive application of the Degreaser to previously designed nanoparticle components and nanoparticles considerably improves secretion, and modular integration of the Degreaser into design pipelines results in new nanoparticles that secrete as robustly as naturally occurring protein assemblies. Both the Degreaser protocol and the nanoparticles we describe may be broadly useful in biotechnological applications.
Historical changes in politeness norms
Authors: Isosävi Johanna
Published: March 2023

Although French courtly models spread to Europe, little research has compared the development of politeness in France with more remote European linguacultures. To fill this gap, I examine folk understandings of historical politeness in Finnish and French linguacultures. Concentrating on cultural outsiders’ own understandings – that is, French people living in Finland and Finns who live or have lived in France – my study lies within the framework of a discursive approach, and draws upon data from five focus-group discussions and their dialogical discourse analysis. My study shows that the different forms of government, levels of urbanisation and branches of Christianity reportedly influenced differences in Finnish and French politeness. Yet, during participants’ stays in these respective countries, an affinity towards politeness was described as stemming from globalisation. Future research should examine if the frames of expectations of politeness in Europe are generally moving closer towards one another.
Effect of double annealing treatments on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy by directed energy deposition
Authors: Deng Hongwen , Jiao Zongge , Cheng Xu , Qi Shijie , Tian Xiangjun , Wang Yudai , Zhang Shuquan
Published: March 2023

In order to improve the mechanical property of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (TB6) metastable β titanium alloy made by directed energy deposition (DED) technique, a group of double annealing treatments were designed. The microstructure and mechanical properties changing after every heat treatment step were systematically investigated. Compared with the traditional solution and aging heat treatment, a microstructure of the fork-like primary α phase (αp) and plate-like secondary α phase (αs) were observed after the new-designed double annealing treatment which the first annealing temperature was below β-transus with the ductility of the alloy increased significantly with slight strength reduction. The optimal tensile properties were obtained by the double annealing treatment with the first annealing temperature above β-transus (820 °C/2 h, AC + 520 °C/8 h, AC).
Human germline heterozygous gain-of-functionSTAT6variants cause severe allergic disease
Authors: Sharma Mehul , Leung Daniel , Momenilandi Mana , Jones Lauren C.W. , Pacillo Lucia , James Alyssa E. , Murrell Jill R. , Delafontaine Selket , Maimaris Jesmeen , Vaseghi-Shanjani Maryam , Del Bel Kate L. , Lu Henry Y. , Chua Gilbert T. , Di Cesare Silvia , Fornes Oriol , Liu Zhongyi , Di Matteo Gigliola , Fu Maggie P. , Amodio Donato , Tam Issan Yee San , Chan Gavin Shueng Wai , Sharma Ashish A. , Dalmann Joshua , van der Lee Robin , Blanchard-Rohner Géraldine , Lin Susan , Philippot Quentin , Richmond Phillip A. , Lee Jessica J. , Matthews Allison , Seear Michael , Turvey Alexandra K. , Philips Rachael L. , Brown-Whitehorn Terri F. , Gray Christopher J. , Izumi Kosuke , Treat James R. , Wood Kathleen H. , Lack Justin , Khleborodova Asya , Niemela Julie E. , Yang Xingtian , Liang Rui , Kui Lin , Wong Christina Sze Man , Poon Grace Wing Kit , Hoischen Alexander , van der Made Caspar I. , Yang Jing , Chan Koon Wing , Rosa Duque Jaime Sou Da , Lee Pamela Pui Wah , Ho Marco Hok Kung , Chung Brian Hon Yin , Le Huong Thi Minh , Yang Wanling , Rohani Pejman , Fouladvand Ali , Rokni-Zadeh Hassan , Changi-Ashtiani Majid , Miryounesi Mohammad , Puel Anne , Shahrooei Mohammad , Finocchi Andrea , Rossi Paolo , Rivalta Beatrice , Cifaldi Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Passarelli Chiara , Arasi Stefania , Bullens Dominique , Sauer Kate , Claeys Tania , Biggs Catherine M. , Morris Emma C. , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , O’Shea John J. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Bedford H. Melanie , van Karnebeek Clara D.M. , Palma Paolo , Burns Siobhan O. , Meyts Isabelle , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Lyons Jonathan J. , Parvaneh Nima , Nguyen Anh Thi Van , Cancrini Caterina , Heimall Jennifer , Ahmed Hanan , McKinnon Margaret L. , Lau Yu Lung , Béziat Vivien , Turvey Stuart E.
Published: March 2023

STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation. We have identified 16 patients from 10 families spanning three continents with a profound phenotype of early-life onset allergic immune dysregulation, widespread treatment-resistant atopic dermatitis, hypereosinophilia with esosinophilic gastrointestinal disease, asthma, elevated serum IgE, IgE-mediated food allergies, and anaphylaxis. The cases were either sporadic (seven kindreds) or followed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern (three kindreds). All patients carried monoallelic rare variants in STAT6 and functional studies established their gain-of-function (GOF) phenotype with sustained STAT6 phosphorylation, increased STAT6 target gene expression, and TH2 skewing. Precision treatment with the anti–IL-4Rα antibody, dupilumab, was highly effective improving both clinical manifestations and immunological biomarkers. This study identifies heterozygous GOF variants in STAT6 as a novel autosomal dominant allergic disorder. We anticipate that our discovery of multiple kindreds with germline STAT6 GOF variants will facilitate the recognition of more affected individuals and the full definition of this new primary atopic disorder.
The application of coherent microwave scattering and multiphoton ionization for diagnostics of electric propulsion systems
Authors: Patel Adam R , Karunarathne Sashin L B , Babusis Nicholas , Shashurin Alexey
Published: March 2023

Nonintrusive measurements of plasma properties are essential to evaluate, and numerically simulate, the in-flight performance of electric propulsion systems. As a logical first step in the development of new diagnostic techniques, this work depicts the implementation of multiphoton ionization and coherent microwave scattering (MPI-CMS) in a gridded-ion accelerator operating on rare gases. Presented studies primarily comprise photoionization spectroscopy of ground and excited state-populations of both neutrals and ions—supplemented by optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe derived plume properties. Results suggest the potential of MPI-CMS for non-intrusive measurements of species number densities.
B-site order/disorder in A2BB′O6 and its correlation with their magnetic property
Authors: Alam Mohd , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: March 2023

The disorder in any system affects their physical behavior. In this scenario, we report the possibility of disorder in A2BB′O6 oxides and their effect on different magnetic properties. These systems show anti-site disorder by interchanging B and B′ elements from their ordered position and giving rise to an anti-phase boundary. The presence of disorder leads to a reduction in saturation M and magnetic transition temperature. The disorder prevents the system from sharp magnetic transition which originates short-range clustered phase (or Griffiths phase) in the paramagnetic region just above the long-range magnetic transition temperature. Further, we report that the presence of anti-site disorder and anti-phase boundary in A2BB′O6 oxides give different interesting magnetic phases like metamagnetic transition, spin-glass, exchange bias, magnetocaloric effect, magnetodielectric, magnetoresistance, spin-phonon coupling, etc.
Improved CycleGAN for super-resolution of engineering drawings
Authors: Song Zhiwei , Yao Hui , Tian Dan , Zhan Gaohui
Published: March 2023

In intelligent manufacturing, the quality of machine translation engineering drawings directly affects manufacturing accuracy. Currently, most engineering drawing translation work is done manually, which greatly reduces production efficiency. This paper proposes an automatic translation method for welded structure engineering drawings based on the Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN). The CycleGAN model of unpaired transfer learning is used to learn the feature mapping of real welding engineering drawings to realize their automatic translation. U-Net and PatchGAN are used as the generator and discriminator, respectively. Based on the idea of removing the identity mapping function, a high-dimensional sparse network is proposed to replace the traditional dense network for the CycleGAN generator in order to improve noise robustness. It is found that increasing the residual block hidden layer increases the resolution of the generated graph. The improved and fine-tuned network models are experimentally validated by computing the gap between real and generated data. The results meet welding engineering precision standards and solve the problem of low drawing recognition efficiency in the welding manufacturing process. After training with our model, the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity and mean squared error of welding engineering drawings reach about 44.89%, 99.58% and 2.11, respectively, which are superior to the results achieved using traditional networks in terms of both training speed and accuracy.
Acoustic determination of g by tracking a free-falling body using a smartphone as a ‘sonar’
Authors: Marín-Sepúlveda Camila F , Castro-Palacio Juan C , Giménez Marcos H , Monsoriu Juan A
Published: March 2023

The gravitational constant is determined by tracking the movement of a free-falling body in an aluminium pipe. For this purpose, a smartphone is used to generate sound waves of a specific frequency and to simultaneously detect the sound wave resonances in the tube. The ability of smartphones to generate and receive the sound waves to track a moving body, like a ‘submarine SONAR’ does, is an essential point in this work. Concepts of kinematics and acoustics are combined to determine the gravitational acceleration within 1% when the result is compared with the reported value.
Uni-layer magnets: a new concept for LTS and HTS based superconducting magnets
Authors: Rudeiros Fernández José Luis , Ferracin Paolo
Published: March 2023

A novel geometrical configuration to form a magnetic field perpendicular to an aperture, created by an asymmetric current distribution, within a single layer, and using a continuous ideal current line, named the uni-layer (UL) magnet, is here presented. The idea is compared to existing concepts in superconducting magnets, namely, the

cos
θ

sector magnet, stress managed

cos
θ

and canted

cos
θ

. The UL magnet allows for a design with a continuous unit length (no layer jump), and an increased minimum bending radius of the conductor in relation to traditional

cos
θ

and canted

cos
θ

designs. The specific characteristics of the UL design are especially advantageous for strain-sensitive and prone to winding degradation high-temperature superconductors, in very high field accelerator magnet applications, in which, high efficiency in the use of conductor, and a small aperture are required. The advantages with regard to the design and fabrication of UL magnets in relation to other concepts are also discussed.
Disordered structures in ultracold spin-imbalanced Fermi gas
Authors: Tüzemen Buğra , Zawiślak Tomasz , Wlazłowski Gabriel , Magierski Piotr
Published: March 2023

We investigate properties of spin-imbalanced ultracold Fermi gas in a large range of spin polarizations at low temperatures. We present results of microscopic calculations based on mean-field and density functional theory approaches, with no symmetry constraints. At low polarization values we predict the structure of the system as consisting of several spin-polarized droplets. As the polarization increases, the system self-organizes into a disordered structures similar to liquid crystals, and energetically they can compete with ordered structures such as grid-like domain walls. At higher polarizations the system starts to develop regularities that, in principle, can be called supersolid, where periodic density modulation and pairing correlations coexist. The robustness of the results has been checked with respect to temperature effects, dimensionality, and the presence of a trapping potential. Dynamical stability has also been investigated.
Features of the behavior of quantum fields in media with a negative refractive index as well as waves with negative energy
Authors: Borodikhin V N
Published: March 2023

In this paper, waves in media with both negative electrical and magnetic permeability and waves of negative energy have been considered together. All conditions have been established under which the propagation of such waves in the corresponding media is possible, taking into account the requirement of the quanta energy positivity. For each of these conditions the direction of the Poynting vector has been established.
Identification of I-mode with ion ITB in NBI-heated plasmas on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Liang A.S. , Zou X.L. , Zhong W.L. , Xiao G.L. , Ke R. , He X.X. , Li Z.J. , Jiang M. , Yang Z.C. , Shi P.W. , Wen J. , Xue G.Q. , Zhu Y.R. , Tong R.H. , Yuan B.D. , Yin J. , Liu L.Z. , Yang Z.Y. , Li B. , Chen W. , Yu D.L. , Shi Z.B. , Xu M. , Duan X.R.
Published: March 2023

Improved energy confinement mode (I-mode) has been observed on the HL-2A tokamak. The I-mode features an edge transport barrier (ETB) in electron temperature and a low confinement mode like edge density. A weakly coherent mode (WCM) is observed in the edge region with the frequency of

f
∼
60

−

160

kHz and the poloidal wavenumber of

k
θ

∼
0.5

−

2.5

cm

−
1

. The maximum of WCM amplitude is located near the top of electron temperature pedestal. A critical value of

E
×
B

velocity shear for triggering the L–I transition has been found, and is much lower than that for triggering the L–H transition. Additionally, ion internal transport barrier (ITB) has been observed in the I-mode. The formation of ion ITB is due to the increase of

E
×
B

velocity shear, leading to the suppression of turbulence. Transport analysis further confirms the existence of electron ETB and ion ITB. The coexistence of electron ETB and ion ITB leads to an improved plasma confinement, which is comparable to that in the high confinement mode, suggesting that I-mode with ITB regimes could be an interesting operation scenario for future fusion devices.
Study of Alfvén eigenmode stability in Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS) plasma using a Landau closure model
Authors: Ortiz J. , Varela J. , Spong D.A. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the linear stability of Alfvén eigenmodes (AE) in the QPS device heated by a tangential neutral beam injector (NBI). The analysis is performed using the gyro-fluid code FAR3d, that solves the reduced MHD equations for the thermal plasma coupled with moments of the kinetic equation for the energetic particles (EP). The AE stability is calculated in several operational regimes of the tangential NBI: EP β between 0.001 and 0.1, EP energy between 12 and 180 keV and different radial locations of the beam. The analysis is performed for vacuum and finite β equilibria as well as QPS configurations with two and three periods. The EP β threshold in the vacuum case is 0.001 and the AE frequency is lower as the energy of the EP population decreases. Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes with f = 80–120 kHz and elliptical AE between f = 120–350 kHz are triggered between the middle-outer plasma region (

r

/

a
>
0.5

). The AE stability improves in the simulations with finite β equilibria and three period configurations with respect to the vacuum case with two periods because the continuum gaps are slender, leading to a higher threshold of the EP β, above 0.03 for the AEs triggered by the helical mode families. Helical effects are not strong enough to destabilize Helical Alfvén eigenmodes, the AEs with the largest growth rates are triggered by the n = 1 and n = 2 toroidal families.
Wall effect on the start maneuver of a jet swimmer
Authors: Zhu Qiang
Published: March 2023

Inspired by aquatic creatures such as squid, the novel propulsion method based on pulsed jetting is a promising way to achieve high speed and high maneuverability. To study the potential application of this locomotion method in confined space with complicated boundary conditions, it is critical to understand their dynamics in the vicinity of solid boundaries. In this study we numerically examine the start maneuver of an idealized jet swimmer near a wall. Our simulations illustrate three important mechanisms: (1) due to the blocking effect of the wall the pressure inside the body is affected so that the forward acceleration is increased during deflation and decreased during inflation; (2) the wall affects the internal flow so that the momentum flux at the nozzle and subsequently the thrust generation during the jetting phase are slightly increased; (3) the wall affects the wake so that the refilling phase is influenced, leading to a scenario in which part of the energy expended during jetting is recovered during refilling to increase forward acceleration and reduce power expenditure. In general, the second mechanism is weaker than the other two. The exact effects of these mechanisms depend on physical parameters such as the initial phase of the body deformation, the distance between the swimming body and the wall, and the Reynolds number.
Characterisations of the Al-Mn intermetallic phases formed under pulse magnetic fields solidification
Authors: Xiang K , Huang S , Mi J
Published: March 2023

In this research, the pulse electromagnetic fields were applied during the solidification of an Al-8Mn alloy. The changes of the microstructures due to different magnetic pulses applied were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray tomography. The results show that without the magnetic field, the Al4Mn phases are thin plates in 3D space. At a magnetic field of 0.8T, the Al4Mn phases are transformed into a columnar morphology companied by fine and fragmented Al6Mn particles. At the magnetic flux density of 1.2T, the size of Al4Mn phases become more refined with their orientation gradually aligned towards the direction of the magnetic field, revealing that the pulse electromagnetic fields have a strong effect on the evolution of the Al-Mn phases in Al-8Mn alloy under solidification.
Ultrasonic melt processing upon direct-chill casting of aluminium alloys
Authors: Eskin D G , Subroto T , Priyadarshi A , Beckwith C , Pericleous K , Tzanakis I
Published: March 2023

Ultrasonic melt processing (USP) has been known for decades for beneficial effects in as-cast aluminium alloys, including degassing, grain and structure refinement. In the last 10 years the authors performed a series of research projects dedicated to understanding the nature of these effects, by dedicated advanced experiments and by developing numerical models that adequately reflect the complicated physics involved, aiming at further optimising the technology so that it becomes feasible for scale-up applications and attractive for industrial use. Based on the main USP mechanisms previously studied by in-situ observations coupled with acoustic pressure measurements, i.e. fragmentation, deagglomeration and dispersion of the solid phases and inclusions, technological approaches are suggested and tested for grain refinement upon direct-chill casting of Al alloys. Results showed that USP in the melt flow in the launder significantly improves the as-cast structure of a billet, opening the way for upscaling.