bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The institutional voids, sanitation and water deficits and the first covid-19 numbers in Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Ieda Maria Pereira , De Muylder Cristiana Fernandes
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The problem of this research was: What correlation between the deficit of basic sanitation and treated water in Brazil with the incidence and number of deaths caused by covid-19 disease? The aim of this article was to analyze the correlation between the number of cases in COVID-19 with the statistics of basic sanitation and treated water supply and institutional voids. Methodology: The research is descriptive and uses techniques of correlation statistical analysis of secondary data. Findings: Statistical calculations show a strong correlation of the variables.  The incidence of the disease caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 is associated with a lower percentage of the population served by sewage network and water network. It was also demonstrated that the mortality of the disease is strongly associated with a lower percentage of the population served by sewage and water networks, thus indicating a relationship with the theory of Institutional Voids (North, 1990; Douglass & North, 1991; Khanna, Palepu, & Sinha, 2005; Khanna & Palepu, 2010; Rodrigues, 2013). Originality: It was observed that, in general, the highest number of deaths due to the disease related to the states of the federation/macro-regions with the lowest percentages of care to the aforementioned networks, with some exceptions. Soon it was possible to use the theory of Institutional Voids in the analysis of Brazil in the face of basic sanitation indicators, thus indicating the absence of a social public policy appropriate to the well-being of the population.
Cidades inteligentes e a mensuração de indicadores urbanos de economia e empreendedorismo: o caso de Passo Fundo/RS
Authors: Müller Letícia , Silva Thaísa Leal da
Published: February 2022

Objetivo - O intenso processo de urbanização tem transformado a dinâmica urbana. Tal fenômeno ocasiona algumas das principais problemáticas das cidades contemporâneas, nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Por conseguinte, planejar e gerir as cidades têm sido um desafio aos gestores públicos. Uma iniciativa que busca auxiliar neste processo é o conceito de Cidades Inteligentes, que utiliza as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) como agentes de transformação no meio urbano. Uma ferramenta utilizada pelas Cidades Inteligentes é a mensuração por meio de indicadores, que servem como subsídio na tomada de decisões. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os indicadores urbanos de Economia e Empreendedorismo de Passo Fundo/RS.
Metodologia - Na metodologia, utilizou-se como referência os indicadores do Ranking Connected Smart Cities, adotando-se um recorte regional das cidades de médio porte, localizadas na Região Sul, classificadas entre as 20 primeiras do Ranking. Foram aplicados procedimentos multimétodos de pesquisa, coleta e levantamento de dados.
Resultados - Os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos índices de Passo Fundo, são inferiores àqueles das cidades analisadas, como os índices relacionados à empregabilidade e ao crescimento de empresas. Entretanto, a cidade apresenta índices satisfatórios, como a força de trabalho no setor de Educação e P&D, e a criação de pólos tecnológicos e incubadoras no município.
Originalidade - A partir desta análise, os resultados obtidos poderão servir como subsídios para a gestão pública na formulação de estratégias mais assertivas para Passo Fundo/RS na busca por tornar-se uma cidade mais inteligente e sustentável.
Fields of geometric objects associated with compiled hyperplane H ( ,L)  -distribution in affine space
Authors: Popov Yu. I.
Published: February 2022

In the first-order frame a tangentially r-framed hyperband is given in the projective space. For simplicity of presentation, we adapt the frame by the field of the 1st kind normals. The tensor of nonholonomicity of cloth­ing L-planes field is introduced. The vanishing the nonholonomic tensor leads to three different interpretations of the hyperband. With the help of ТL-virtual normals of the 1st and 2nd kind of framed L-planes, we come to the following conclusion: in a third order differential neighborhood the bundle of the hyperband second kind normals generates a one-parameter bundle of ТL-virtual first and second kind normals, which correspond to each other in bijection. We consider focal images associated with the hy­perband, with the help of which the Norden — Timofeev plane of the indicated hyperband is constructed. The geometric interpretation of the object defining the Norden — Timofeev surface was found by R. F. Dom­brovsky for tangentially r-framed surfaces in the projective space. We note that the field of ТL-virtual first kind normals induces the field of the Norden — Timofeev planes, this is the field of the 2nd kind regular hyper­band normals. It is proved that with each the 1st kind ТL-virtual normal is induced a bundle of Cartan planes in the 1st kind normal at a fixed point of the hyperband.
In conclusion, we consider the p-structures of the tangent planes field at the base surface of the hyperband.
On conformal transformations of metrics of Riemannian paracomplex manifolds
Authors: Stepanov S.E. , Tsyganok I. I. , Rovenski V.
Published: February 2022

A 2n-dimensional differentiable manifold M with -structure is a Riemannian almost para­complex manifold. In the present paper, we consider con­formal transformations of metrics of Riemannian para­complex manifolds. In particular, a number of vanishing theorems for such transformations are proved using the Bochner technique.
Affine transformations of the tangent bundle with a complete lift connection over a manifold with a linear connection of special type
Authors: Sultanov A. Ya. , Sultanova G.A. , Sadovnikov N.V.
Published: February 2022

The theory of tangent bundles over a differentiable manifold M be­longs to the geometry and topology of manifolds and is an intensively developing area of the theory of fiber spaces. The foundations of the theo­ry of fibered spaces were laid in the works of S. Eresman, A. Weil, A. Mo­ri­moto, S. Sasaki, K. Yano, S. Ishihara. Among Russian scientists, tangent bund­les were investigated by A. P. Shirokov, V. V. Vishnevsky, V. V. Shu­rygin, B. N. Shapukov and their students.

In the study of automorphisms of generalized spaces, the question of infinitesimal transformations of connections in these spaces is of great importance. K. Yano, G. Vrancianu, P. A. Shirokov, I. P. Egorov, A. Z. Pet­rov, A. V. Aminova and others have studied movements in different spac­es. The works of K. Sato and S. Tanno are devoted to the motions and au­tomorphisms of tangent bundles. Infinitesimal affine collineations in tan­gent bundles with a synectic connection were considered by H. Shadyev.

At present, the question of the motions of fibered spaces is considered in the works of A. Ya. Sultanov, in which infinitesimal transformations of a bundle of linear frames with a complete lift connection, the Lie algebra of holomorphic affine vector fields in arbitrary Weyl bundles are investi­gated. In this paper we obtain exact upper bounds for the dimensions of Lie algebras of infinitesimal affine transformations in tangent bundles with a synectic connection A. P. Shyrokov.
A study on influence of environmental working conditions on wear of a ball screw based on TCVN7699-2-30
Authors: Tran Duc-Toan , Pham Van-Hung , Le Duc-Do , Bui Tuan-Anh
Published: February 2022

Ball screw in a key component of a machine that affects the performance, accuracy working condition, and lifetime of the machines. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) are two environmental factors that affect the assembly condition and lubrication between surfaces. The study proposed an experimental investigation of the influences of the specific environmental working conditions corresponding to the tropical climate and the Vietnamese standardization system TCVN7699-2-30 on wear of a ball screw with serial No. of PSS1505N1D0261. The results show that the ball screw working in the environmentally lubricated conditions according to the TCVN7699-2-30, the longevity increased by 4.18 times as compared to the ISO 3408-5. The fundamentals for calculation and adjustment of the environmental working conditions of the machines with a purpose of ensuring the most feasible operation accuracy of the machines should be recommended based on specific conditions.
Equilibration processes in alkaline Cu | Cu(II), glycine system
Authors: Survila A. , Kanapeckaitė S. , Staišiūnas L. , Gudavičiūtė L. , Girčienė O.
Published: February 2022

The nature and kinetics of the equilibrium processes at the interface between the copper electrode and the alkaline solution containing glycine complexes of Cu(II) have been studied. The material balance equations that consider the formation of Сu(I) complexes were used to calculate the composition of the equilibrium system. It was found that the amount of Сu(I) compounds increases with increasing the pH and ligand concentration. Using the EQCM method it was found that the electrochemical dissolution of Cu electrode proceeds under open circuit conditions at potentials 60–70 mV higher than their equilibrium values. The generation of Cu+ ions obeys the laws of pseudo-first order processes at a rate constant of ~2 × 10–4 s–1. It is assumed that the final product of the equilibration is a monoligand complex of CuL (L– is a glycinate anion). Besides, there is a thermodynamic probability of the formation of cuprous oxide in the system.
Viabilidade econômica do plantio de pomar de Araucária para produção de pinhão
Authors: Augustynczik Alan Lessa Derci , Kolenez Gilson Luis , Wendling Ivar , Timofeiczyk Júnior Romano , Augustynczik Andrey Lessa Derci , Kratz Dagma
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi simular a viabilidade econômica no estabelecimento de pomar de sementes com plantas enxertadas de Araucária angustifolia para produção de pinhão na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, estado do Paraná. Foram analisados três cenários: com aquisição de terra; com arrendamento de terra e sem aquisição ou arrendamento de terra. Os indicadores utilizados compreenderam a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e o Valor Esperado da Terra (VET). Utilizaram-se parâmetros de custo caixa e preço alvo de venda. Os resultados apontam que 75% dos VPL das simulações do cenário de compra de terra foram positivos, sendo o VPL médio de R$17.499/ha, TIR 8,6%a.a. e preço alvo de R$3,16/kg. Para arrendamento 71% dos VPL das simulações foram positivos, o VPL foi de R$14.996/ha, a TIR foi de 8,9%a.a. e o preço alvo médio foi de R$3,26/kg. Sem compra de terra, não houve VPL negativo e sua média foi de R$51.025/ha, com TIR de 15,8%a.a. e preço alvo de R$1,79/kg. O VET médio foi de R$51.189/ha produtivo. Encontrou-se grande variação nos indicadores em função do preço da terra, do nível de produção e preço do pinhão. O cenário mais arriscado foi o arrendamento, dado o maior custo fixo.
Caracterização ambiental do rio Cotunguba, Feira Nova-PE, a partir da análise dos metais traços nos sedimentos de fundo
Authors: Albuquerque Claudison Vieira , Carvalho João Allyson Ribeiro de
Published: February 2022

Em decorrência do lançamento de efluentes não tratados de acordo com a legislação vigente, assim como o carreamento através das chuvas dos pesticidas e defensivos agrícolas utilizados nas fazendas e áreas agriculturáveis, objetiva-se analisar a qualidade dos sedimentos e o nível de toxidade com metais traços existentes no Rio Cotunguba, Feira Nova - PE, uma vez que, junto com o Rio Capibaribe, é o maior alimentador de águas da Barragem do município de Carpina, fonte de abastecimento para aproximadamente 250 mil habitantes. A análise das amostras desses sedimentos se deu através de coletas em 4 pontos estrategicamente posicionados, tratados, previamente, no departamento de Análise Ambiental da Universidade de Pernambuco e enviados para Laboratório de Análise de Sedimentos da Universidade de Ontário – Canadá, para catalogação dos minerais bem como para detectação dos metais traços com potencial para poluição, utilizando-se dos métodos FUS-ICP (Plasma Acoplado por Indução de Fusão), o TD-ICP (Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente por Digestão Total) e INAA (Análise de Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental), adotados nos parâmetros do CONAMA, USEPA e EC. Em todos os pontos de coletas, observou-se que o nível de contaminação dos sedimentos, para alguns elementos, já apresentam índices acima do recomendado, em especial, o mercúrio e chumbo, ensejando ações de mitigação, enquanto que, em outros, o nível de toxicidade comporta-se dentro do parametrizado pelos órgãos de controle ambiental, tanto do Brasil como do mundo. A consolidação dos resultados indica que apesar de um dos metais (Hg) estar acima dos parâmetros recomendados, a maioria deles se encontram abaixo ou dentro da margem de aceitabilidade para esse tipo de contaminação segundo os principais órgãos de controle.
Reciclagem de óleo lubrificante ferroviário usado utilizando extração por solventes verdes assistido por ultrassom indireto
Authors: Decoté Paulo André Prata , Vidoto Amanda Puttin , Vicente Maristela de Araujo , Santos Maria de Fatima Pereira dos
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a reciclagem do óleo lubrificante ferroviário por extração com solventes orgânicos polares assistida por uso indireto de ultrassom que fundamentou nos parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen e nos critérios de sustentabilidade para a seleção de solventes orgânicos. Foi determinado o parâmetro de solubilidade de Hansen do óleo lubrificante ferroviário comercial com 25 solventes orgânicos. Os resultados da esfera de solubilidade do óleo, o parâmetro de solubilidade experimental e os dados teóricos de 1236 solventes, e o critério de sustentabilidade, foram utilizados para selecionar os melhores solventes extratores polares isobutanol, 1-butanol e metil etil cetona. feito um planejamento experimental de mistura Simplex-Lattice [3, 3] do processo de extração do óleo recuperado em banho de ultrassom de 37 kHz na temperatura de 30 °C no tempo de exposição de 5 min. A mistura solvente/óleo foi submetida a dois processos de extração: uso de ultrassom indireto (banho) e agitação mecânica, como controle. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros de solubilidade do óleo lubrificante ferroviário comercial foram 15,8, 3,8 e 7,6 MPa0.5 para o parâmetro de dispersão, polar e ligação de hidrogênio, respectivamente. A qualidade do óleo recuperado após o procedimento de extração, foi avaliada pela densidade, viscosidade cinemática a 40 °C até 100 °C e Índice de Viscosidade. Os rendimentos de recuperação de óleo usando US foram de 64,0% m/m (isobutanol), 89,1% m/m (1-butanol) e 91,2% m/m (MEK). Os rendimentos para agitação mecânica nas mesmas condições foram inferiores ao encontrados em US: 56,3% m/m, 83,4% m/m e 89,1% m/m para os solventes isobutanol, 1-butanol e MEK, respectivamente. Os óleos recuperados com os solventes isobutanol, 1-butanol e MEK apresentaram, respectivamente, Índice de Viscosidade de 73, 84 e 88 para US e de 68, 76 e 82 para AM. Portanto, o uso de ultrassom é promissor para auxiliar no processo de reciclagem de óleo lubrificante ferroviário usado.
Determinação de HPAs em preparações comerciais com base em pimenta
Authors: Silva Monise Ellen Alves da , Arsand Daniel Ricardo , Huber Charles Soares , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: February 2022

Este estudo avalia a presença e os níveis de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em amostras comercias de pimentas, usando extração sob ultrassom acompanhada de etapas de cleanup e determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Foram avaliados os 16 HPAs listados como contaminantes ambientais prioritários pela United States Environmental Protection Agency e utilizados como parâmetros a soma de Benzo(a)Antraceno, Criseno, Benzo(b)Fluoranteno e Benzo(a)Pireno os HPAs 4, indicadores usados pela Agência Europeia de Segurança Alimentar para a presença desta classe de hidrocarbonetos em alimentos e a soma total para HPAs de maior peso molecular (Benzo(k)Fluoranteno, Benzo(b)Fluoranteno, Benzo(g, h, i)Perileno, Indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)Pireno estabelecida pela German Society for Fat Science. Foram encontrados os dezesseis HPAs, destacando-se como majoritários o Fenantreno, seguido pelo Criseno, Benzo(a)Antraceno, Acenaftileno e por último o Fluoreno. As concentrações de HPAs 4  variaram de 92,2 µg Kg-1± 1,9% a 1858,3 µg Kg-1 ± 14,9% nas amostras de pimentas. A soma dos HPAs prioritários nas amostras comerciais de pimenta variou de 2958,7µg Kg-1± 4,5% e 34640,1 µg Kg-1±17,5%. As concentrações de HPAs nas amostras de pimentas ultrapassaram os valores permitidos pelo órgão de controle em  alimentos, resultando em níveis que podem causar danos à saúde.
Evaluation of ecosystem services provided by farmed and wild seaweeds
Authors: Ferreira Ana Beatriz Gomes , Carneiro Marcella Araújo do Amaral , Fernandes Felipe de Oliveira , Soriano Eliane Marinho
Published: February 2022

Marine macroalgae provide a variety of ecosystem services in the environmental, social and economic spheres. This study presents a qualitative assessment of the ecosystem services offered by marine macroalgae (cultivated and natural populations). Furthermore, it provides a better understanding of the benefits of macroalgae cultivated in a case study (Gracilaria birdiae) in a tropical area in Brazil. For this, a literature review was carried out using articles available on the internet (Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar) published between 2009 and 2020, which addressed the ecosystem services associated with macroalgae. A total of 1,428 articles were analyzed, of which 163 reported some type of ecosystem service. The most registered service was regulation (30.1%), followed by provision (28.4%), support (28.0%) and cultural (13.5%). In the case study, 12 services were identified, five of which belonged to support, three to cultural, two to provision and two to regulation. Thus, both cultivated macroalgae and natural populations offer diverse ecosystem services that contribute to environmental improvement and play a positive role in the preservation and conservation of the environment and human well-being. In addition, the ecosystem services provided by macroalgae are fully aligned with several Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDGs 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14, which encompass the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social and economic).
Uso e cobertura da terra em áreas de preservação permanentes em propriedades rurais produtoras de Leite, no Vale do Taquari/RS
Authors: Rempel Claudete , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da , Bergmann Patrícia Caye , Morás Ana Paula de Borba , Bica Jonas Bernardes
Published: February 2022

A ocupação da terra das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APP) para fins antrópicos em propriedades rurais é uma prática comum. A utilização indiscriminada de tais áreas traz uma série de prejuízos ambientais, como degradação do solo, perda da biodiversidade, erosão, assoreamentos dos cursos d’água, entre outros. Este trabalho objetiva identificar a forma de uso e ocupação da terra de APP em propriedades rurais produtoras de leite e relacionar com a produtividade de leite. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 111 propriedades rurais produtoras de leite da região do Vale do Taquari - RS, que possuem APP. As propriedades foram mapeadas com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento e confirmadas em visitas a campo. As APP das 111 propriedades somam 280,1 hectares, destes, 38,0% são correspondentes a floresta nativa preservada, 58,3% são utilizadas para fins antrópicos, como benfeitorias, pastagens, floresta exótica e culturas anuais, 3,5% se referem a açudes e banhados e 0,3% são solos descobertos. Não foi identificada associação entre o percentual de cobertura vegetal nativa e a produtividade de leite. Conclui-se que há diferentes usos e ocupações das APP das propriedades produtoras de leite do Vale do Taquari, sendo que menos da metade das mesmas está coberta com vegetação nativa original, como prevê o Código Florestal Brasileiro.
Avaliação do vigor das sementes de duas espécies de feijão em solo contaminado com elementos-traço
Authors: Lopes Mayara Alves , Maciel Giovana Soares , Cantoni Fernanda , Miquelluti David Jose , Campos Mari Lucia
Published: February 2022

A contaminação do solo, não só ameaça o funcionamento do ecossistema como também a saúde humana. Os elementos-traço (ETs) são inseridos no ambiente através de diversas fontes, tais como: naturais, agrícolas, industriais, efluentes domésticos, atmosféricas e entre outras. A liberação e migração de íons de ETs no solo afetam a produção de alimentos, a segurança alimentar e os recursos naturais, colocando em risco a saúde humana o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a vigorosidade do Feijão Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) e Feijão de Porco (Canavalia ensiformis) em solo com altos teores de Zn proveniente da contaminação pela queima clandestina de lixo doméstico e eletrônico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação localizada no campus da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no município de Lages-SC. A instalação das unidades experimentais seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto por 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com cultivo de 2 espécies de feijão (Mucuna pruriens e Canavalia ensiformis). Foram preparadas 40 unidades experimentais em vasos com capacidade de 1L, utilizando 900g de solo em cada vaso. As unidades experimentais utilizadas foram: T1 – solo não contaminado (SNC) (testemunha), T2 – 75% de SNC + 25% de solo contaminado com cinza (SCC), T3 – 50% de SNC + 50% SCC, T4 – 25% SNC + 75% SCC e T5 – 100% SCC. Durante o período de 21 dias foi realizado o controle da umidade, mantendo a mesma em 80% da capacidade de campo. Após os 21 dias foi avaliado o índice SPAD das folhas, altura da parte aérea (APA), peso fresco (PF) e peso seco (PS). Os dados foram analisá-los separadamente para tanto foi utilizado um teste não paramétrico (Kruskal Wallis). Os elementos que apresentaram os maiores valores para o SCC foram o Cu (407,4 mg.kg-1) e o Zn (87.984,8 mg.kg-1). Dentre as duas espécies de feijão, a espécie que demonstrou maior resistência a altas concentrações de Zn foi o Feijão Mucuna que apresentou emergência de plântulas em metade dos vasos, porém as raízes de ambas as espécies cresceram apenas no vaso controle, comprovando que as raízes de ambas as espécies não se desenvolvem em solos com o teor de Zn disponível acima de 1578 mg.kg-1. O valor encontrado para Zn neste solo foi 195 vezes acima do valor de investigação disposto pela resolução CONAMA 420/2009. Demonstrando que a contaminação deste solo é oriunda de fontes antrópicas e a necessidade do gerenciamento da área contaminada.
Inovação social no contexto da agricultura urbana em Florianópolis: o caso do Centro de Estudos e Promoção da Agricultura de Grupo
Authors: Ronconi Luciana Francisco de Abreu , Bittencourt Bernadete de Lourdes , Lopes Gabriel Bertimes Di Bernardi
Published: February 2022

Pesquisas internacionais revelam que alguns centros urbanos elaboraram estudos para projetar políticas regulatórias relacionadas à agricultura urbana, adotando legislação favorável e reconhecendo a importância da agricultura urbana. Este estudo analisou a inovação social no contexto da agricultura urbana em Florianópolis, utilizando o Centro de Estudos e Promoção da Agricultura de Grupo – Cepagro como objeto de estudo. O Cepagro, a partir de suas redes formadas por diferentes atores, tem colocado o tema da agricultura urbana em debate e contribuído para que importantes dispositivos legais promovam inovação social no território, articulando discussões e desenvolvido ações em torno do tema da agricultura urbana e segurança alimentar. Resultados do estudo qualitativo revelaram que a atuação do Cepagro constituiu importantes inovações sociais no território, articulando agricultura urbana, segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento comunitário, além de colaborar com a elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas para o setor e estar nos espaços de representação dos conselhos de políticas públicas da cidade.
Aspectos institucionais do campo científico de estudos sobre mineração no Brasil entre 2015 e 2019
Authors: Ribeiro Antonio Carlos Andrade , Maia Velcimiro Inácio , Guimarães Gabriela Silva , Silva Brunna Louise Ribeiro
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho analisamos 688 resumos de teses e dissertações defendidas no Brasil entre 2015 e 2019 sobre temas relacionados à atividade mineradora. O objetivo é oferecer um quadro geral deste campo de estudos.  O levantamento dos resumos foi realizado no catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES por meio de busca pela palavra-chave 'mineração'. Procedemos a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos para selecionar apenas trabalhos relacionados à atividade mineradora. Os dados foram analisados nos Softwares R e Iramuteq. Identificamos as principais áreas de conhecimento, instituições e programas de pós-graduação que realizaram estudos sobre aspectos relacionados à mineração nos períodos destacados. Aplicamos o método de Reinert (1993) para encontrar classes temáticas dentro do campo de estudo. Por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória verificamos a posição das áreas de conhecimento e das instituições em relação às classes temáticas. Os resultados revelaram 6 classes, sendo 5 delas organizadas em torno de áreas de conhecimento e 1 reunindo informações sobre os métodos de pesquisa utilizados nos estudos. O estudo ainda destaca as principais instituições e temas associados à cada classe.
Métodos de valoração ambiental aplicável ao derramamento de petróleo no litoral Pernambucano, Brasil
Authors: Lins Eduardo Antonio Maia , Baydum Valderice Pereira Alves , Silva André Luiz Timóteo , Leandro Beatriz Santiago Tavares
Published: February 2022

De agosto de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, o petróleo foi detectado em todo o nordeste e parte da costa sudeste do Brasil, atingindo mais de 1.000 localidades trazidos pelas correntes marinhas. Até o presente momento, os questionamentos a respeito da: origem do petróleo, qual o volume total do material no oceano, como ocorreu esse vazamento, por exemplo, ainda continuam sem respostas, visto que as investigações até o momento não apresentaram conclusões. Este trabalho se propôs a realizar uma análise de valoração ambiental dos danos causados pelo derramamento de petróleo no litoral pernambucano através de dois métodos: DEPRN e CETESB, a fim de mensurar o valor dos ecossistemas afetados. Para a determinação dos custos de recuperação da área degradada foram considerados os dados disponibilizados pela SEMAS – Secretária de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade (2019), e pelos dados divulgados pelo diário oficial do estado de Pernambuco no dia 05 de novembro de 2019 que informava sobre a aquisição e distribuição de EPI’S e ferramentas. A partir do valor de recuperação determinado pôde-se calcular o valor do dano ambiental para a indenização através dos métodos sugeridos: com o método DEPRN, R$ 75.792.337,20 e com o método CETESB, cerca de R$ 51.563.000,00. Com esse trabalho pôde-se concluir que são necessários mais dados relacionados a esse grande impacto para que então seja possível estimar, com mais precisão, a dimensão do dano causado ao meio ambiente e assim realizar a valoração e estipular uma indenização a ser paga pelos responsáveis por tal crime.
Molecular docking analysis of COX-2 with compounds from Piper longum
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Government Medical College, Shivpuri, Shivpuri - 473638, Tripathi Dhirendra
Published: February 2022

Piper longum (Indian long pepper) is known for its use as an anti inflammatory agent in Indian Ayurvedic System of medicine. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Piper longum with COX-2 using the Autodock Vina PyRx tool. Molecular docking results show that asarinine, sesamine, fargesin, and piperlonguminine have optimal binding energy of น10, น10, -9.5 and น9.4 Kcal/mol, respectively for further consideration.
Molecular docking analysis of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin model with potential inhibitors from the ZINC database
Authors:   Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi – 110067, India, Solanki Amit Kumar
Published: February 2022

Beta toxin from Clostridium perfringens after being secreted in gut is capable of causing necrotic enteritis in humans and several other animal species and does not respond to routinely used antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to design an effective inhibitor for the Clostridium perfringens beta toxin (CPB) using cutting edge drug discovery technologies. Hence, potential CPB inhibitors were identified using computer aided screening of compounds from the ZINC database. Further, we document the molecular docking analysis of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin model (that revealed 4 binding pockets, A-D) with the identified potential inhibitors. We show that ZINC291192 [N- [(1-methylindol-3-yl) methyl eneamino]-7,10-dioxabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,4,11-triene-8-carboxamide] has optimal binding features with calculated binding energy of -10.38 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 24.76 nM for further consideration.
Investigation of Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Effects of Essential Oils Obtained from Schinus Molle Leaves and Resins
Authors: Umay Ahmet
Published: February 2022

Chemical composition of the essential oils of Schinus molle leaves and resins, collected from East Mediterranean region of Turkey were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and phytotoxic effects of the oils at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 μl/ml) were investi- gated on Portulaca oleracea L. and Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin. At the highest concentration, it was found that the essential oil of S. molle leaves and resins inhibited at rates of 57%, 67% and 70%, 80% the seed germination of purslane and radish, respectively, when compared to the control. Also, S. molle leaves essential oil at the same concentration decreased Radicle length (RL) and Plumule lengths (PL) of purslane and radish in the rates of 82.94, 78.09% and 94.36, 81.30%, while RL and PL of both plants tested were inhibited in the rates of 78.03, 68.99% and 88.91, 76.95% by S. molle resins essential oil. This study is the first report on P. oleracea L. and R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin about phytotoxic effects of the essential oils of Schinus molle leaves and resins
An Indicator Species of Global Warming in Bulgaria
Authors: Zaemdzhikova Gergana , Markoff Ivailo , Mirchev Plamen
Published: February 2022

The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the main pests in pine forests and an indicator species for global warming. Its expansion in Europe is considered one of the signals for changing climate. While other countries in the species range have a Mediterranean or oceanic climate, Bulgaria has a predominantly continental climate, which allows to see the pine processionary in a different light. For example, in Bulgaria, climate change is not causing expansion, but rather a habitat shift.
Comparison of BLSTM-Attention and BLSTM-Transformer Models for Wind Speed Prediction
Authors: Zhifeng Liu , Feng Ding , Jianyong Lu , Yue Zhou , Hetao Chu
Published: February 2022

Accurate estimation of wind speed is essential for many meteorological applications. A novel short-term wind speed prediction method of Bi-directional LSTM and Transformer Network (BLSTM-TRA) model is proposed by combining the Transformer model and LSTM model, and a hybrid model of Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory and Attention Network (BLSTM-ATT) is proposed based on Attention mechanism and LSTM model. The proposed BLSTM-ATT and BLSTM-TRA model are used for predicting the wind speed of seven meteorological stations in Qingdao. In combination with historical ob- servation data, the proposed models outperform the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). By comparing the results of BLSTM-ATT, BLSTM-TRA and ECMWF forecast model, RMSE and MAE of BLSTM-ATT are reduced by 44.7% and 50.3% on average, respectively, as well as an average decrease of 43.0% in the RMSE, an average decrease of 47.4% in the MAE of the BLSTM-TRA model. This demonstrates that the BLSTM-ATT model and the BLSTM-TRA model are more accurate than the ECMWF model in wind speed prediction.
Emotional Disturbance in Two Models of Melatonin Deficiency: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nenchovska Zlatina , Atanasova Milena , Ivanova Natasha , Mitreva Rumyana , Tchekalarova Jana
Published: February 2022

In the present study, the aim was to compare the role of melatonin deficiency on emotional status in two different models, chronic constant light (CCL) and pinealectomy in male Wistar rats. While the rats with pinealectomy (Pin) showed impulsive behaviour (increased motor activity and lack of anxiety), CCL-rats demonstrated higher anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Slight differences in depressive-like behaviour, measured by the saccharine preference test (SPT) and the forced swimming test (FST), were also detected. The CCL-rats exhibited anhedonia only during the active (dark) phase of the light-dark cycle whereas rats with removed pineal gland showed depressive behaviour without diurnal variations. Immobility in the FST was increased in the two models of melatonin deficiency. Exposure to CCL and removal of the pineal gland abolished the circadian fluctuations in plasma melatonin levels. Both models of melatonin deficit exhibited higher plasma corticosterone levels during the light period and blunted diurnal variations of the hormone. Our findings suggest that models of melatonin deficiency recapitulate several neurobiological alterations associated with melancholic depression. Future studies are needed to elucidate the precise mechanism related to the model-specific difference in emotional status.
SWI/SNF senses carbon starvation with a pH-sensitive low-complexity sequence
Authors: Gutierrez J Ignacio , Brittingham Gregory P , Karadeniz Yonca , Tran Kathleen D , Dutta Arnob , Holehouse Alex S , Peterson Craig L , Holt Liam J
Published: February 2022

It is increasingly appreciated that intracellular pH changes are important biological signals. This motivates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pH sensing. We determined that a nucleocytoplasmic pH oscillation was required for the transcriptional response to carbon starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a key mediator of this transcriptional response. A glutamine-rich low-complexity domain (QLC) in the SNF5 subunit of this complex, and histidines within this sequence, was required for efficient transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, the SNF5 QLC mediated pH-dependent recruitment of SWI/SNF to an acidic transcription factor in a reconstituted nucleosome remodeling assay. Simulations showed that protonation of histidines within the SNF5 QLC leads to conformational expansion, providing a potential biophysical mechanism for regulation of these interactions. Together, our results indicate that pH changes are a second messenger for transcriptional reprogramming during carbon starvation and that the SNF5 QLC acts as a pH sensor.
Rapid odor processing by layer 2 subcircuits in lateral entorhinal cortex
Authors: Bitzenhofer Sebastian H , Westeinde Elena A , Zhang Han-Xiong Bear , Isaacson Jeffry S
Published: February 2022

Olfactory information is encoded in lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) by two classes of layer 2 (L2) principal neurons: fan and pyramidal cells. However, the functional properties of L2 cells and how they contribute to odor coding are unclear. Here, we show in awake mice that L2 cells respond to odors early during single sniffs and that LEC is essential for rapid discrimination of both odor identity and intensity. Population analyses of L2 ensembles reveal that rate coding distinguishes odor identity, but firing rates are only weakly concentration dependent and changes in spike timing can represent odor intensity. L2 principal cells differ in afferent olfactory input and connectivity with inhibitory circuits and the relative timing of pyramidal and fan cell spikes provides a temporal code for odor intensity. Downstream, intensity is encoded purely by spike timing in hippocampal CA1. Together, these results reveal the unique processing of odor information by LEC subcircuits and highlight the importance of temporal coding in higher olfactory areas.
Diversity on location
Authors: Yoon Young J , Bassell Gary J
Published: February 2022

The RNA binding protein FMRP regulates the synthesis of synaptic and nuclear proteins within different compartments of a neuron.
Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Bielby Jon , Sausor Cristina , Monsalve-Carcaño Camino , Bosch Jaime
Published: February 2022

The intensity of a pathogen infection plays a key role in determining how the host responds to infection. Hosts with high infections are more likely to transmit infection to others, and are may be more likely to experience progression from infection to disease symptoms, to being physiologically compromised by disease. Understanding how and why hosts exhibit variation in infection intensity therefore plays a major part in developing and implementing measures aimed at controlling infection spread, its effects, and its chance of persisting and circulating within a population of hosts. To track the relative importance of a number of variables in determining the level of infection intensity, we ran field-surveys at two breeding sites over a 12 month period using marked larvae of the common midwife toad (Alyes obstetricans) and their levels of infection with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). At each sampling occasion we measured the density of larvae, the temperature of the water in the 48 h prior to sampling, the period of time the sampled individual had been in the water body, the developmental (Gosner) stage and the intensity of Bd infection of the individual. Overall our data suggest that the temperature and the duration of time spent in the water play a major role in determining the intensity of Bd infection within an individual host. However, although the duration of time spent in the water was clearly associated with infection intensity, the relationship was negative: larvae that had spent less than 3–6 months in the water had significantly higher infection intensities than those that had spent over 12 months, although this infection intensity peaked between 9 and 12 months. This could be due to animals with heavier infections developing more quickly, suffering increased mortality or, more likely, losing their mouthparts (the only part of anuran larvae that can be infected with Bd). Overall, our results identify drivers of infection intensity, and potentially transmissibility and spread, and we attribute these differences to both host and pathogen biology.
Environmental Knowledge and Perception of Secondary School Students in Katsina, Nigeria
Authors: Mashi Sani Abubakar , Mohammed Fatima , Ubom Bassey , Ibrahim Inkani Amina
Published: February 2022

This study assesses environmental knowledge of some selected secondary school students in Katsina, Nigeria. Three representative schools out of total 39 were selected for the purpose of this study. These are (i) Ulul Al-Bab Science Secondary School (Co-educational School, both girls and boys), (ii) Government College, Katsina (Boys only school) and (iii) Government girls college Katsina (Girls only school). 150 students (25 students per each of levels 1-6 of secondary education) were sampled in each of the three selected schools. The selected students were issued with the prepared questionnaire addressing some key issues that probe students’ depth of knowledge of environmental problems, their consequences and solutions of solving them. ANOVA statistical test was used to test for significant variation in the level of environmental knowledge of the students within the individual schools studied in order to identify the extent to which variation in levels of study (i.e. age-grade) on environmental knowledge level of the students. The same test was also used to test for significant difference in the environmental knowledge of the students between different schools in order to determine the effect of variation in gender characteristics on the knowledge level. The results obtained indicate in general that the secondary school students in the town display medium to high level of knowledge on the causes, consequences and solutions of environmental problems, but gender and level of study have generally significant influences the environmental knowledge levels of the students. Appropriate recommendations were made to help improve the level of student’s knowledge of environmental issues in the area.
Maize Yield Response to Zinc Fertilization in Farmer’s Field under Rainfed Condition in Hill Region of Assam, Eastern Himalayan Region
Authors: Kalita Nilim , Boruah P. , Bhuyan S. , Saud R. K. , Maibangsa S.
Published: February 2022

Zinc (Zn) is the micronutrient that most commonly limits maize yields but it receives much less attention than other inputs. The present field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zn fertilizers on growth and yield of maize in farmer’s field under rainfed condition in hill region of Assam, Eastern Himalayan Region for authenticating Zn fertilizer application in increasing the yield of summer maize in actual farmer’s field condition. The experiment was carried out in 6 locations (as replication) of three villages with four treatments which consist of recommended dose of fertilizer (90:40:40 kg NPK kgha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer with ZnSO4 @15 kg ha-1, Farmers’ practice with ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 and Farmers’ practice (No application of fertilizers) as control. Maize responded positively to Zn fertilization where the yields increased from 4.62 t ha−1 without Zn to 4.91 t ha−1 with Zn under recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield response of maize to application of Zn only recorded 9.15 % increase in yield in case of farmers practice without any fertilizers. Zn application increased maize yield due to increased cob length, cob diameter, kernel numbers and kernel weight in Zn-deficient soils. The increase in grain yield in case of combined use of fertilizer and ZnSO4 (heptahydrate) was mainly due to significantly more number of kernels per cob (392) as well as kernel weight (120.3 g) over application of fertilizers only i.e. 368 and 108.4 g respectively. The result of the present study reveals that, basal soil application of Zn as ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 in maize crop along with recommended fertilizers is highly recommended for the soils of North Eastern Hill region of India.
Design and Construction of a Two-way Gas Oven
Authors: Adedeji O. F. , Oyedijo G. E. , Saka B. A. , Orelaja O. A.
Published: February 2022

An oven is a heated enclosure for heating, baking or drying. An electric oven is a heating device used to heat materials to high temperature when electric current is passed through a high resistance heating element (coil or plate), while the gas ovens uses gas through the cast iron burner as a medium of heating, baking and drying, both electric and gas oven can find their application in many fields and area of discipline like factories, research institutes, school, medical outfits and general laboratory, but more widely used in food industries. In this research work we incorporate the two heating mechanism together in a single system, the gas and the electric heating medium, many components such as: diodes, resistors, transistors, etc. were combined to make a simple circuit which transcends current to the coil which in turns heat up a given enclosure of a cubical box (i.e. the oven chamber). Finally a heat and convenient heating devices which is electric and gas oven was obtained. Also the determination of the properties of various ferrous and non-ferrous materials, electrical installation is installed with maximum safety gadget in-case of hazards. The application of engineering measurement and quality control is assured in our design and fabrication.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Sustain Release Pellets of Anti Gout Drug
Authors: Patel Upasana J. , Patel Hiteshkumar A.
Published: February 2022

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to formulate and evaluate effervescent pellets of febuxostat to achieve sustain release effect.

Place and Duration of Study: APMC College of Pharmaceutical education and research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Himatnagar-383001, between June 2019 and July 2021.

Materials and Methods: The gastro retentive effervescent pellets of febuxostat were formulated using Sodium CMC and HPMC K4M and HPMCK15M as a sustain release polymer. Pellets were prepared by extrusion- spheronization technique using microcrystalline cellulose as spheronizing agent and sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as a gas forming agent for effervescent pellets. The pellets were characterized with respect to their floating lag time, total buoyancy time and % cumulative drug release.

Results and Discussion: DSC study showed that there was no change in the melting endotherm of the drug and drug-polymers mixture which means drug and polymers were compatible with each other. The optimized formulation B14 exhibits a floating lag time 4.00±0.004 sec. and cumulative % drug release at 12th hour 99.58±0.02. Scanning electron microscopy photomicrograph revealed that the surface was rough and pellets were spherical shaped in nature.

Conclusion: Febuxostat sustain release pellets was successfully formulated and evaluated as effervescent pellets with gas former agents and sustain release polymer HPMC K15.
Structure Activity Relationship, Topological Analysis and Molecular Docking Analysis of Pharmaceutical Molecule 2356 -Tetrafluoro-4-Pyridine Carbonitrile
Authors: Mary M. Sony Michael , Geetha R. Racil Jeya , Amalanathan M. , Benisha R.
Published: February 2022

The theoretical vibrational spectral features of 2,3,5,6 Tetrafluoro-4-pyridinecarbonitrile were explored and compared with experimental results. The geometrical parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, bonding features and Energies were calculated at the B3LYP level with the basis set 6-311++G(d,p) levels. The calculated wavenumbers, vibrational energy distribution Analysis (VEDA), potential energy distributions (PEDs), and vibrational spectra were used to suggest reliable vibrational assignments. Molecular Electrostatic Potential investigations revealed the reactive zones around the molecule. The computed HOMO-LUMO energies were -8.369 and -3.380 eV, respectively, indicating charge transfer inside the molecule. The charge transfer of charge due to intra molecule interactions has been explained using naturalbond orbital analysis. The ELF and LOL calculations were provide a visual aid for interpreting the results of electronic structure. The molecular docking approach was used to find the optimal ligand–protein orientation using the ligand 2,3,5,6 Tetrafluoro-4 pyridinecarbonitrile, which was docked with five distinct proteins. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the biological activity of the selected compound using theoretical calculations.