bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the design and practice of a blended teaching model for Chinese Language and Literature majors based on “Rain Classroom”
Authors: Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

With the arrival of the “Internet plus” era, students’ thinking ability and way of thinking have changed, making modern teaching reform imminent. As a smart teaching tool, Rain Classroom aims to improve the overall classroom teaching experience, making teacher-student interaction and teaching more convenient. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the Chinese Language and Literature course based on the Rain Classroom, using comparative experiments to study the impact of this teaching mode on students’ learning outcomes. The results of the comparative experiment showed that the final examination results of the students in the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control class; the results of the questionnaire survey showed that the motivation, study habits, independent learning and collaborative learning ability of the students in the experimental class had significantly improved compared with those in the control class; at the same time, more than 90% of the students approved and endorsed the “Rain Classroom” learning The overall satisfaction rate of the blended teaching mode was 92.05%.
Second Language Acquisition and Teaching: How the External and Internal Factors Affect SLA
Authors: Ren Zixuan
Published: June 2023

This paper mainly reviews the features of second language acquisition, and the influential factors on second language acquisition, including the influence of first language, metalinguistic awareness, and culture, along with why these factors are important. Analyzing how these factors affect second language acquisition helps to find out what kind of difficulties learners might encounter during the process of second language acquisition. Both external factors and internal factors should be taken into account. Since learners all over the world have different first languages, their first language plays an important role in second language acquisition, which will affect the learners’ speed of accepting the second language. For the individual part, metalinguistic awareness which is usually formed at a young age, and can be recognized as a kind of linguistic talent also impact second language acquisition. Additionally, culture is a kind of surroundings during the process of second language acquisition, which will affect the learners’ psychological conditions. With the awareness of how these three factors influence second language acquisition, acquires can correct their mistakes more easily, and teachers also should place emphasis on the particular aspects to improve their teaching qualities of the second language.
Interpretation of Cultural Conflict in The Joy Luck Club from Perspective of High-context and Low-context Cultures
Authors: Qi Jiale
Published: June 2023

The Joy Luck Club, a masterpiece by Amy Tan, tells the story of the mother-daughter conflicts, focusing on the differences between Chinese culture and American culture. According to the theory of high-context and low-context cultures put forward by Eward T. Hall, Chinese culture can be classified as a high-context culture, while American culture is classified as a low-context culture. In light of high-context and low-context cultures theory, this paper deeply analyzes mother-daughter conflicts in The Joy Luck Club, aiming to provide reference for exploring the right way to resolve cultural conflict. In this paper, the author introduces the main differences of high and low-context cultures, on the basis of which the cultural conflict between Chinese and American reflected in The Joy Luck Club were summarized and analyzed. The conflicts can be divided into three aspects: different ways of language expression, different understandings of the relationship between parents and children and different ways of emotional expression.
A review of domestic research on “Core Literacy” -- Visual analysis based on CNKI literature
Authors: Li Huang , Yu Chen Hong , Mei Zhang Chun
Published: June 2023

“Core literacy” is one of the hot button issues in global education research since the new century. The article conducts visual analysis to sort out the current status of “core literacy” research in China. It is found that the number of research results on domestic core literacy continues to rise rapidly,but there are some problems such as the number of applied research is small,imperfect evaluation system.In response to these problems, we propose to strengthen applied research on core literacy, and improve the evaluation system.
How Teacher Factors Affect College Students’ Willingness to Communicate in an EFL Classroom
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: June 2023

The study divides teacher factors into ten dimensions, and analyses data from the perspectives of overall, gender and profession using questionnaire surveys and interviews. It was found that teaching attitude has the greatest impact on college students’ communication willingness, while personality traits have the least.
The Value and Path of Integrating the Red Art Culture into the Cultural Construction of College Campuses
Authors: Qingnv Li
Published: June 2023

The Red Art Culture is a significant aspect of Chinese culture. It is a product of skilled craftsmen who, under the guidance of the Communist Party of China, create works that depict revolution, construction, reform, and development. These themes are considered a valuable treasure of the Chinese nation. The art produced are not only representative of Chinese culture, but they also embody the unique Red Spirit of the time. With their diverse forms of expression, the Red Art plays a crucial role in shaping the culture of college campuses. It holds significant value in terms of inheritance, education, aesthetics, and other epochal values. The development of campus culture plays a crucial role in showcasing the Red Art Culture. By effectively integrating the Red Art Culture into the campus culture, it can help establish a positive campus environment and foster the healthy growth of students.
An Original Way of Looking into Obedience and Disobedience: Different Genders Facing Different Kinds of Authorities
Authors: Li Ran
Published: June 2023

Various experiments about obedience and disobedience to authority have been taken place in the past decades. However, it is a brand new task for academics where genders and types of authorities are on cross analysis. Are female more likely to obey to educated professionals or severe dominators? Will genders affect people’s attitudes to the governors? In this work, an experiment is designed based on Milgram’s original experiment of obedience, in order to answer the answers previously mentioned. Different reactions from different genders will be tested when they are facing prestige or dominance authorities separately. The method of testing level of obedience is altered from the original electric shock experiment taken by Milgram to a new method of using hot sauce to measure participants’ obedience to authorities. The hypothesis in existence suggested that females will show a higher level of obedience to dominance authorities rather than prestige authorities, and their obedience to dominant authorities will be relatively high comparing to males, while males will show a higher level of obedience to prestige authorities than dominant authorities, and showing relatively high obedience to prestigious authorities. This work aims to show a new way to understand gender difference in behaviors, and wish to open a gate of behaviour study and gender cognition study.
Persuaded into Action: Investigating the Most Effective Way to Raise Awareness of Homeless Pets Protection Among Shanghai High School Students
Authors: Yang Jiani
Published: June 2023

According to the White Paper on China’s Pet Industry 2021, the population of raising cats and dogs in China has reached 68.44 million. However, many acquire these pets without giving it much thought, only to later realize that caring for a pet requires significant effort, time, money, and patience. As a result, pet abandonment has become a serious issue. The World Health Organization predicts that around the world, there are about 200 million stray dogs, with China accounting for 40 million or one-fifth of the total. Rapid modernization and urbanization have turned Shanghai into a hub of homeless pets. To address this issue, this paper focuses on changing the attitudes of Shanghai high school students toward animal protection. The study focuses on this particular group since their attitudes represent the future generation, yet there is a lack of research on this topic. The paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the most effective way to raise awareness among Shanghai high school students about the issue of homeless animal protection. To this end, the researcher has devised three types of persuasion methods in a lab setting to compare and contrast the results among Shanghai high school students.
A Study on the Sustainable Development of Hip Hop Music Culture in China’s Localization in the New Media Era: Based on the Long Tail Theory
Authors: Gao Tianyi
Published: June 2023

Hip-hop music originated in Brooklyn in the United States, and was introduced to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the 1980s. Subsequently, with the development of the Internet and China’s acceptance of foreign culture, hip-hop music culture gradually spread to the mainland. In this paper, the sustainable development of hip-hop culture in China was studied by using the perspective of the long tail theory. It is pointed out that the 21st century is the fastest time for the spread of rap in China, but at the same time, a series of problems have also been generated. The young age of hip-hop listeners brings challenges to its development space, and Chinese hip-hop music has not formed a unique local cultural characteristic, which leads to the success of localization of hip-hop music culture in China. The following policy suggestions are put forward: to introduce more typical representatives of rappers in the corresponding age group, so as to improve the understanding, awareness and participation of different age groups of listeners in hip-hop music culture. Reduce the imitation of foreign rap, add Chinese cultural elements, innovate the lyric content, and endow hiphop music with Chinese localization characteristics.
Research on the Construction of Virtual Simulation Training System for Intelligent Manufacturing Based on Outcomes - Based Education Concept
Authors: Zhao JiaQi , Li JianYong , Li JingFang , Li JianFeng , Guo Kai , Jiang ZhaoLiang , Li MingHui
Published: June 2023

Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) is the core concept of professional accreditation in engineering education, and is a teaching and learning approach that determines teaching strategies based on learning outcomes. In the context of new engineering, it is important to actively cultivate high quality composite new engineering talents with international competitiveness that are compatible with the emerging industries, and improving their teaching effect is important to accomplish the training objectives and graduation requirements.This paper analyzes the necessity of using virtual reality technology in the teaching system, explains the application and development of OBE concept and virtual simulation technology in the teaching system, and finally proposes specific objectives, ideas and methods for the construction of virtual simulation training teaching system for intelligent manufacturing.
Discussion on the problems and improvement measures of “Handle the complaint immediately” in colleges and universities
Authors: Ying Chen
Published: June 2023

The work of “handle the complaint immediately” can respond to the concerns of teachers and students to solve their appeals, improve the governance capacity and level of colleges and universities. It’s a strong guarantee of accelerate the high-quality development of higher education. In this paper, through checking the existing problems, analyzing the causes, proposing improvement measures, in order to improve the work efficiency of “handle the complaint immediately”, enhance the effectiveness of education and the governance level constantly. Ultimately promoting high-quality development of higher education.
Visual perception of traditional Village Landscape: An Eye Tracking Experiment
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Wenhai , He Yuyang , Li Ping
Published: June 2023

In order to objectively quantify the visual perception of traditional village landscape, 50 university students were recruited to make eye-tracking experiment of different landscape elements in the countryside and analyze the data to assess the attractiveness of different elements. Eye-tracking experiment quantifies the experimental information. The experimental results show that mountain and landscape structure can mostly attract attention of observers in actual observation process, but this result is different from subjective preference of questionnaire. By comparing the results of eye-tracking experiment and questionnaire, it can be concluded that the observation time of landscape elements depends on the proportion of elements in space; subjective preference depends on the observation time of landscape elements. Therefore, eye-tracking data can assess subjective preference of observers for the landscape, and then have a certain guiding role for the planning and construction of rural landscape.
Insulin Inhibits Autophagy by Inhibiting the Binding of FoXO1 to the
Promoter Region of GABARAPL1
Authors: Hong Tao , Wen Jie , Mei Lang , Li Ruixiang , Zhou Junlin , Li Jiaoyang , Xiao Xin-Hua
Published: June 2023

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in T2D have a potent suppressive effect
on hepatic autophagy, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To
explore the effect of insulin on hepatic autophagy and its possible signaling
pathways, HL-7702 cells were treated with insulin with or without insulin
signaling inhibitors. The interaction between insulin and the promoter region of
GABARAPL1 was assessed through luciferase assay and EMSA. There were significant
dose-dependent decreases in the number of intracellular autophagosomes and the
protein levels of GABARAPL1 and beclin1 in insulin-treated HL-7702 cells.
Insulin signaling inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effect of insulin on
rapamycin-induced autophagy and autophagy-related gene upregulation. Insulin
blocks the binding of FoxO1 to putative insulin response elements in GABARAPL1
gene promoter, leading to the repressed transcription of GABARAPL1 gene and the
suppression of hepatic autophagy. Our study identified GABARAPL1 as a novel
target of insulin in suppressing hepatic autophagy.
What a Neurosurgeon Should Know About the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 2 – Diagnosis and Management of the Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
Authors: Vaz Marco Antônio Schlindwein , Moreira Monteiro Jander , Braga Francisco Luiz Souza , Lavinsky Joel , Santis Giuseppe Casella , Dini Leandro Infantini , da Rocha Filho Marcelo Assis Moro , Ribas Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes , de Araújo Ricardo Marques Lopes , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Isolan Gustavo Rassier
Published: June 2023

Objective This article is divided into three parts. In the second part of this review, the authors focus on describing the endolymphatic sac tumor and presenting illustrative cases.

Methods A review of previous studies, from 1957 to 2021, from basic and translational research using human and animal endolymphatic sac (ES) tissue or cells, as well as other reviews on this theme.

Results The ES is an inner ear structure, which is responsible for the homeostatic regulation, as well as endolymphatic fluid volume control, immune response etc. One of the possible alterations of the ES is the ELST, a low-grade malign neoplasm that originates from the epithelium of the endolymphatic duct and sac. The clinical presentation of the ELST includes hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, and vertigo. The diagnosis in the early stages is rare, given that this group of symptoms is very similar to other, more common, diseases such as the Meniere syndrome. Its diagnosis is made by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunohistochemistry, and confirmed by histopathology. However, none of these examinations are part of the pathological guidelines for ELST. The treatment for ELST in the early stages has a high rate of success.

Conclusion The ELST is a very difficult diagnosis due to its presentation. Furthermore, the interactions between ELST and the Von Hippel-Lindau disease usually result in a more aggressive condition. Despite the difficulty of the diagnosis, doing it early increases the chances of successful treatment.
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: “classic” knowledge and recent acquisitions
Authors: Piacentini Chiara , Argento Ornella , Nocentini Ugo
Published: June 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by inflammation, axonal demyelination, and neurodegeneration, which can have a strong impact on all aspects of the life of the patient. Multiple sclerosis causes motor, sensory, cerebellar, and autonomic dysfunctions, as well as cognitive and psychoemotional impairment. The most frequently compromised cognitive domains are complex attention/information processing, memory, executive and visuospatial functions. Recently, alterations have also been evidenced in complex cognitive functions, such as social cognition, moral judgment, and decision-making. Cognitive impairment is characterized by high variability and can affect work skills, social interactions, coping strategies and more generally the quality of life of patients and their families. With the use of sensitive and easy-to-administer test batteries, an increasingly accurate and early diagnosis is feasible: this allows to determine the effectiveness of possible preventive measures, to predict the future progression of the disease and to improve the quality of life of patients. There is currently limited evidence regarding the efficacy, on cognitive impairment, of disease-modifying therapies. The most promising approach, which has received strong empirical support, is cognitive rehabilitation.
Sleep assessment in adults with Down syndrome: correlation between functionality and polysomnographic findings
Authors: Callegari Marilia Rezende , dos Santos Kelly Brito , de Oliveira Barbara Valente , Amorim Ana Rita Avelino , Cymrot Raquel , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: June 2023

Background Sleep disorders have a negative impact on health, being associated with neurocognitive problems, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, influencing children's development and learning.

Objective To assess the sleep pattern of people with Down syndrome (DS) and correlate changes with functionality and behavior.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the sleep pattern in adults with DS > 18 years old. Twenty-two participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Functional Independence Measure and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the 11 who presented indications of disorders by the screening questionnaires were referred to polysomnography. Statistical tests were performed using a significance level of 5%, including sample normality tests and correlation tests (sleep and functionality).

Results Impairment in sleep architecture was found due to an increase in the rate of awakenings in 100% of the participants, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), with higher averages in the Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) in the group. There was a negative correlation between sleep quality and global functionality (p = 0.011) and the motor (p = 0.074), cognitive (p = 0.010), and personal care (p = 0.072) dimensions in the group. Global and hyperactivity behavior changes were related to worse sleep quality (p = 0.072; p = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusion There is an impairment in the sleep quality of adults with DS, with an increase in the rate of awakenings, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of SDB affecting this population in the functional and behavioral aspects.
Ketogenic therapy in childhood and adolescence: recommendations of the Brazilian experts group
Authors: de Brito Sampaio Letícia Pereira , Henriques-Souza Adélia Maria de Miranda , Lin Katia , Neri Lenycia de Cassya Lopes , Inuzuka Luciana Midori , Uchôa Ludmila Inácio de Lima , Gregório Marcela Marques de Oliveira , Guilhoto Laura Maria , Montenegro Maria Augusta , Lunardi Mariana , Veiga Marielza , de Lima Patricia Azevedo , Braatz Vera
Published: June 2023

Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are a safe and effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy in children. There are four principal types of KDTs: the classic KD, the modified Atkins diet (MAD), the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, and the low glycemic index diet (LGID). The International Ketogenic Diet Study Group recommends managing KDTs in children with epilepsy. However, there are no guidelines that address the specific needs of the Brazilian population. Thus, the Brazilian Child Neurology Association elaborated on these recommendations with the goal of stimulating and expanding the use of the KD in Brazil.
Brain Metastasis is Associated with Tumor Size, Nodal Status, and c-erbB-2 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , Zandoná Natália Brandelli , Silva José Nathan Andrade Müller da , Nascimento Gabriella Bezerra Cortês , Medeiros Mateus Scarabelot
Published: June 2023

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) of no special type (IBC-NST) is the second most common primary site of central nervous system metastases, affecting 15% to 30% of patients. Brain metastasis originating from IBC is associated with patient age, tumor size, and axillary lymph node status. Loss of expression of hormone receptors and c-erbB-2 amplification are frequent findings in patients who develop brain metastasis. Radiological studies of the central nervous system are carried out only in patients presenting with neurological signs or symptoms during the clinical follow-up.

Objective To evaluate the associations of clinical and pathological findings with brain metastasis in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods The sample comprised 73 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy with lymph node resection. The following variables were evaluated: tumor size, histological grade, nodal state, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and c-erbB-2, and presence of brain metastasis.

Results The histopathological findings associated with brain metastasis in patients with IBC were tumor size (p = 0.03), presence of nodal metastasis (p = 0.045), and c-erbB-2 expression (p = 0.012).

Conclusion The assessment of specific pathological findings in breast carcinoma can help identify risk factors and/or clinical parameters associated with the development of brain metastasis.
291 Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms Treated with Fred, Silk, and Pipeline Stents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Teixeira Vinicius Fialho , Santos Rafael Brito , Alves Gabrielly Ramalho Mendonça , Santos Alexandro Colins dos , Bastos Albedy Moreira
Published: June 2023

Objective Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are present in ∼ 2 to 5% of the population. Several treatments have been used, including endovascular options such as flow diverter devices (FDDs). The present study retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness of three FDDs in the treatment of 291 aneurysms in the internal carotid artery. The devices analyzed were the flow-redirection endoluminal device (FRED), the SILK Embolization Device and the PIPELINE Embolization Device (PED).

Method This is a cross-sectional study which evaluates the outcome of control arteriography. The O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) Scale was used to assess the degree of filling and flow stasis in the aneurysm 12 months after surgery.

Results Conjoining the result of the three devices, most aneurysms (87.9%) were from the classification C-D, that is, they presented complete or almost complete aneurysmal occlusion. However, 6.6% did not obtain aneurysm occlusion, so they were classified as belonging to group A. In group B, a subocclusion was presented in 5.5%. In addition, by analyzing individually the result of each device, there was a bigger proportion of those classified in the group A among those who used SILK and in the group C-D among those who used FRED. Regarding complications, 10 cases were found, corresponding to 4.23% of all 236 patients. Therefore, four of these patients had complications when treated with PED; this proportion is higher than expected concerning the other groups.

Conclusion The three devices are safe choices. Particularly, the FRED was found to be the most effective in treating internal carotid artery aneurysms.
Inhibition of Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 on Hemorrhagic Transformation after Stroke
Authors: Xing Rongrong , Wang Yiyu , Wang Linlin , Shen Haishang , Jin Yi , Yu Haoying , Liu Rongxia , Jiang Baohong
Published: June 2023

Objective Application of recanalization on stroke patients is not only limited with time window, but also accompanied with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. In present study, the effects of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination (SalB/Rg1) on time window and hemorrhagic transformation against ischemic stroke was evaluated on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice.

Methods The protection and time window of SalB/Rg1 were estimated through infarct volume, neurobehavioral deficits, and histomorphological examination. The prohibition of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was detected on MCAO mice stimulated with dextrose and reperfusion. Hemorrhagic transformation was assessed by the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. The mechanism of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was identified by immunofluorescence staining and in situ gelatin zymography.

Results First, SalB/Rg1 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavior in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective time window up to 9 hours was detected for SalB/Rg1 against stroke. Both the dose-dependent efficiency and longtime protection of SalB/Rg1 were further identified based on cytoarchitecture through histopathological stain. Second, SalB/Rg1 downregulated hemorrhagic score, infarct volume, and abnormal neurobehavior. Finally, the inhibition of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was found to accompany with its protection on the integrity of neurovascular unit. Around the edge area of infarction, SalB/Rg1 attenuated the astrocyte activation, maintained the abundance of junction protein (claudin-5) between endothelial cells, considerably decreased matrix metallopeptidase 9 activity through in situ gelatin zymography.

Conclusion SalB/Rg1 is a promising strategy for further development against stroke, especially against hemorrhagic transformation.
Improving hyperspectral imaging using a lensless camera
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: June 2023

Lensless imaging schemes turn an imaging sensor into a simple, cost-effective hyperspectral camera.
Higher order theory of quasi-isodynamicity near the magnetic axis of stellarators
Authors: Rodríguez E. , Plunk G. G.
Published: June 2023

The condition of quasi-isodynamicity is derived to second order in the distance from the magnetic axis. We do so using a formulation of omnigenity that explicitly requires the balance between radial particle drifts at opposite bounce points of a magnetic well. This is a physically intuitive alternative to the integrated condition involving distances between bounce points, used in previous works. We investigate the appearance of topological defects in the magnetic field strength (puddles). A hallmark of quasi-isodynamic fields, the curved contour of minimum field strength, is found to be inextricably linked to these defects. Our results pave the way to construct solutions that satisfy omnigenity to a higher degree of precision and also to simultaneously consider other physical properties, like shaping and stability.
The stress state in bismuth to 298 GPa and its use as a pressure transmitting medium and pressure marker at multi-megabar pressures
Authors: Storm C. V. , McHardy J. D. , Duff M. J. , MacLeod S. G. , O’Bannon E. F. , McMahon M. I.
Published: June 2023

We have conducted diffraction studies of bismuth (Bi) to 298 GPa using both conventional and toroidal diamond anvil cells (DACs) to investigate its suitability as a pressure-transmitting medium (PTM) to such pressures. Using microfocused x-ray beams, we have determined the pressure dependence of the uniaxial stress component (t) in cubic Bi-V from 7 to 298 GPa and find that at 298 GPa, t<0.5 GPa. Bi-V, therefore, cannot support significant shear stresses, making it an excellent PTM. We have also measured the compressibility of Bi-V against that of copper (Cu) and gold (Au), allowing it to be used as a pressure marker as well as a PTM.
Suppressing leakage current by interfacial engineering for highly sensitive, broadband, self-powered FACsPbI3 perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhupesh , Bothra Urvashi , Singh Shivam , Mills Sophie , Ronningen T. J. , Krishna Sanjay , Kabra Dinesh
Published: June 2023

Dark current is considered as one of the important parameters to suppress temporal noise and enhance sensitivity of photodetectors. This study shows the effect of active layer thickness and different interfacial layers in the suppression of leakage current. High-sensitivity (D* > 1012 Jones) perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) are fabricated using the device structure of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/FA0.95Cs0.05PbI3 (dPVSK)/ electron transport layer (ETL)/BCP/Ag with noise current <1 pA Hz−½. These PPDs have a broadband response from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared region (300–840 nm). The overall performance of the PPDs enhanced for the optimal thickness of active layer of dPVSK = 600 nm and ETL PC60BM layer thickness of dETL = 50 nm. The total noise current of the PPD is further suppressed by replacing the ETL PC60BM (in = 63.11 fA Hz−½) layer by a PC70BM (in = 33.41 fA Hz−½) layer. This further improved other figures of merit for these PPDs. Comparison with published reports on PPDs is included to compare with the state-of-the-art detectors.
Toward pore-scale simulation of combustion in porous media using a low-Mach hybrid lattice Boltzmann/finite-difference solver
Authors: Hosseini S. A. , Thévenin D.
Published: June 2023

A hybrid numerical model previously developed for combustion simulations is extended in this article to describe flame propagation and stabilization in porous media. The model, with a special focus on flame/wall interaction processes, is validated via corresponding benchmarks involving flame propagation in channels with both adiabatic and constant-temperature walls. Simulations with different channel widths show that the model can correctly capture the changes in flame shape and propagation speed as well as the dead zone and quenching limit, as found in channels with cold walls. The model is further assessed considering a pseudo two-dimensional porous burner involving an array of cylindrical obstacles at constant temperature, investigated in a companion experimental study. Furthermore, the model is used to simulate pore-scale flame dynamics in a randomly generated three-dimensional porous media. Results are promising, opening the door for future simulations of flame propagation in realistic porous media.
Evaporation of drops on superhydrophobic surfaces: The effect of deformation due to the gravitational field
Authors: Tonini S. , Cossali G. E.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an analytical/numerical study of the evaporation characteristics of sessile drops deformed by the presence of the gravitational field, focusing on the specific case of superhydrophobic substrates. The effect is systematically analyzed for contact angles between 150° and 180° and water drops with volume varying between 2.7 μl and 14.0 ml for a total of 91 cases. The evaporation characteristics are analyzed in terms of the vapor fluxes on the drop surface and evaporation rates, and the effect of drop deformation is quantified by relating the evaporation rate to the contact angle and the Bond number, Bo=ρgReq2/σ, where Req is the volume equivalent drop radius. Some peculiarities that characterize the superhydrophobic region are pointed out, like the existence of a relative large region of Bo (from 0 to 10–15), where the evaporation rate of the deformed drops is lower than that of a spherical cap of the same size, and an almost negligible effect of the contact angle on evaporation characteristics, when compared to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic substrate cases. A relatively simple correlation is defined as a correction to the well-known Picknett–Bexon correlation, valid for non-deformed drops, and it is proposed for a quick evaluation of the evaporation rates from sessile drops, deformed by the gravitational field, on superhydrophobic substrates.
Intrinsic point defects (vacancies and antisites) in CdGeP2 crystals
Authors: Gustafson T. D. , Giles N. C. , Schunemann P. G. , Zawilski K. T. , Averett K. L. , Slagle J. E. , Halliburton L. E.
Published: June 2023

Cadmium germanium diphosphide (CdGeP2) crystals, with versatile terahertz-generating properties, belong to the chalcopyrite family of nonlinear optical materials. Other widely investigated members of this family are ZnGeP2 and CdSiP2. The room-temperature absorption edge of CdGeP2 is near 1.72 eV (720 nm). Cadmium vacancies, phosphorous vacancies, and germanium-on-cadmium antisites are present in as-grown CdGeP2 crystals. These unintentional intrinsic point defects are best studied below room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption. Prior to exposure to light, the defects are in charge states that have no unpaired spins. Illuminating a CdGeP2 crystal with 700 or 850 nm light while being held below 120 K produces singly ionized acceptors (VCd−) and singly ionized donors (GeCd+), as electrons move from VCd2− vacancies to GeCd2+ antisites. These defects become thermally unstable and return to their doubly ionized charge states in the 150–190 K range. In contrast, neutral phosphorous vacancies (VP0) are only produced with near-band-edge light when the crystal is held near or below 18 K. The VP0 donors are unstable at these lower temperatures and return to the singly ionized VP+ charge state when the light is removed. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters for the VCd− acceptors and VP0 donors are extracted from the angular dependence of their EPR spectra. Exposure at low-temperature to near-band-edge light also introduces broad optical absorption bands peaking near 756 and 1050 nm. A consistent picture of intrinsic defects in II-IV-P2 chalcopyrites emerges when the present CdGeP2 results are combined with earlier results from ZnGeP2, ZnSiP2, and CdSiP2.
Bouncing characteristics of Janus drop impact on curved surfaces
Authors: Hwang Donggeon , Yun Sungchan
Published: June 2023

Manipulations of “complex” drops and their interactions with “complex” surfaces have attracted much attention in recent years. Here, we hypothesize that Janus drop impact on curved superhydrophobic surfaces can be highly affected by the curvature, Weber number (We), and viscosity difference between Janus components. The main objective is to predict the splitting of the low-viscosity component from the Janus drop. The study forms regime maps for the transition of non-splitting/splitting as a function of the parameters. It is shown that the We threshold, above which splitting occurs, can be tuned by altering the surface curvature and viscosity difference between low- and high-viscosity components. Asymmetric behavior observed in the two components is elucidated by establishing the relationship of the residence time and characterizing the dynamics by means of the horizontal momenta. The underlying mechanism for bouncing on asymmetric structures can provide a meaningful guidance on the designs of liquid purification or multi-material printing.
Humanise and demedicalise Undetectable=Untransmittable in Thailand
Authors: Phanuphak Nittaya , Siriphan Jarunee , Kumpitak Aree , Suwanpattana Niwat , Benjarattanaporn Patchara
Published: June 2023

Background Thailand National AIDS Committee endorsed Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U) as a science which needs an urgent translation into actions to address pervasive stigma faced by people living with HIV (PLHIV). We aimed at humanising and demedicalising U=U by exploring a ‘people-centered value’ of U=U and translate them into efficient U=U communications. Methods During August–September 2022, in-depth interviews were conducted with 43 PLHIV and 17 partners from various background in five regions of Thailand. Focus group discussions were made with 28 healthcare providers (HCPs) and 11 PLHIV peers. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results Among PLHIV, how U=U frees them up to ‘live a full life’ was valued highest. A great relief from sin, immorality, and irresponsibility was mentioned by all. U=U communications allowed PLHIV and their partners to love/be loved and enjoy intimacy and sex with pleasure again. HCPs and PLHIV peers almost always refer U=U value to ‘physical health’. Common concerns were around increasing sexually transmitted infections with condomless sex. The people-centered U=U values, together with dismantling of power imbalance within healthcare system and sexual health skills empowerment among providers, were used to develop a humanised and demedicalised National U=U Training Curriculum. The Curriculum was highlighted in country’s planned activities to address multi-level/multi-setting stigma and discrimination. Conclusions U=U can be successfully humanised and demedicalised in designing efficient communications. At an individual level, U=U can address one’s intersectional stigmatizing attitudes. At a policy level, national endorsement can initiate and sustain tangible actions and interest around U=U across country’s leaderships.
How entanglements determine the morphology of semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Wang Zefan , Schaller Mareen , Petzold Albrecht , Saalwächter Kay , Thurn-Albrecht Thomas
Published: June 2023

Crystallization of polymers from entangled melts generally leads to the formation of semicrystalline materials with a nanoscopic morphology consisting of stacks of alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. The factors controlling the thickness of the crystalline layers are well studied; however, there is no quantitative understanding of the thickness of the amorphous layers. We elucidate the effect of entanglements on the semicrystalline morphology by the use of a series of model blends of high-molecular-weight polymers with unentangled oligomers leading to a reduced entanglement density in the melt as characterized by rheological measurements. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments after isothermal crystallization reveal a reduced thickness of the amorphous layers, while the crystal thickness remains largely unaffected. We introduce a simple, yet quantitative model without adjustable parameters, according to which the measured thickness of the amorphous layers adjusts itself in such a way that the entanglement concentration reaches a specific maximum value. Furthermore, our model suggests an explanation for the large supercooling that is typically required for crystallization of polymers if entanglements cannot be dissolved during crystallization.
Lithium Ion Batteries Operated at –100 °C
Authors: Gai Jianli , Yang Jirong , Yang Wei , Li Quan , Wu Xiaodong , Li Hong
Published: June 2023

Enabling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to operate in a wider temperature range, e.g., as low or high as possible or capable of both, is an urgent need and shared goal. Here we report, for the first time, a low-temperature electrolyte consisting of traditional ethylene carbonate, methyl acetate, butyronitrile solvents, and 1 M LiPF6 salt, attributed to its very low freezing point (T
f = −126.3 °C) and high ion conductivity at extremely low temperatures (0.21 mS/cm at −100 °C), successfully extends the service temperature of a practical 9.6 Ah LIB down to −100 °C (49.6% capacity retention compared to that at room temperature), which is the lowest temperature reported for practical cells so far as we know, and is lower than the lowest natural temperature (−89.2 °C) recorded on earth. Meanwhile, the high-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries is not affected. The capacity retention is 88.2% and 83.4% after 800 cycles at 25 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The progress also makes LIB a proper power supplier for space vehicles in astronautic explorations.
Crossover of energy deposition and semi-stable chemical bonding in the nonadiabatic dynamics of GaN under proton irradiation
Authors: He Yuan , Deng Zun-Yi , Feng Hong-Jian
Published: June 2023

Understanding the ion-solid interactions of charged particles in materials facilitates the development of ion beam irradiation techniques. Combining Ehrenfest dynamics and time-dependent density-functional theory, we investigated the electronic stopping power (ESP) of an energetic proton in GaN crystal and studied the ultrafast dynamic interaction between the proton and target atoms during the nonadiabatic process. We found a crossover phenomenon of ESP at 0.36 a.u. along the <100> and <110> channels, which is interpreted by the charge transfer between the host material and the projectile and the stopping force exerted on the proton. At velocities of 0.2 and 1.7 a.u., we demonstrated that the reversal of the average number of charge transfer and the average axial force resulted in the reversed energy deposition rate and ESP in the corresponding channel. Further analysis of the evolution of non-adiabatic electronic states revealed the existence of the transient and semi-stable N–H chemical bonding during irradiation process, which is introduced by the electron clouds overlap of N sp
3 hybridization and the s orbitals of the proton. These results provide meaningful information for the interactions between energetic ions and matter.
Emergent weak antilocalization and wide-temperature-range electronic phase diagram in epitaxial RuO2 thin film
Authors: Liu Jin , Gao Lei , Zou Yu Ting , Lin Ting , Zhu Ming Tong , Lyu Xiang Yu , Lu Chao , Wang Yu Qian , Ji Ai Ling , Zhang Qing Hua , Cheng Zhi Gang , Gu Lin , Cao Ze Xian , Lu Nian Peng
Published: June 2023

Binary ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) has gradually attracted much attention in condensed matter physics and material sciences due to its various intriguing physical properties, such as strain-induced superconductivity, anomalous Hall effect, collinear anti-ferromagnetism, etc. However, its complex emergent electronic states and the corresponding phase diagram over a wide temperature range remain unexplored, which is critically important to understanding the underlying physics and exploring its final physical properties and functionalities. Here, through optimizing the growth conditions by using versatile pulsed laser deposition, high-quality epitaxial RuO2 thin films with clear lattice structure are obtained, upon which the electronic transport is investigated, and emergent electronic states and the relevant physical properties are unveiled. Firstly, at a high-temperature range, it is the Bloch–Grüneisen state, instead of the common Fermi liquid metallic state, that dominates the electrical transport behavior. Moreover, the recently reported anomalous Hall effect is also revealed, which confirms the presence of the Berry phase in the energy band structure. More excitingly, we find that above the superconductivity transition temperature, a new positive magnetic resistance quantum coherent state with an unusual dip as well as an angel-dependent critical magnetic field emerges, which can be attributed to the weak antilocalization effect. Lastly, the complex phase diagram with multiple intriguing emergent electronic states over a wide temperature range is mapped. The results greatly promote the fundamental physics understanding of the binary oxide RuO2 and provide guidelines for its practical applications and functionalities.
Splitting and coexistence of 2-D strange attractors in a general family of Expanding Baker Maps
Authors: Marqués-Lobeiras A , Pumariño A , Rodríguez J Á , Vigil E
Published: June 2023

We consider a two-parameter family

Γ

a
,
θ

of Expanding Baker Maps on the plane, being a > 1 and

0
<
θ
<
π

an expansion rate and a rotation angle, respectively. We prove that

Γ

a
,
θ

exhibits strange attractors for every a sufficiently close to 1. We also study how such attractors may split into other ones of a larger number of connected pieces as a decreases to 1 and

θ

/

π

is a rational number. The study of the family

Γ

a
,
θ

is strongly motivated by the rich dynamics observed for the quadratic family

T

a
,
b

(
x
,
y
)
=
(
a
+

y

2

,
x
+
b
y
)

.
Full-field monitoring of the resin flow front and dry spot with noninvasive and embedded piezoelectric sensor networks
Authors: Cui Xiyue , Yu Yinghong , Liu Qijian , Liu Xiao , Qing Xinlin
Published: June 2023

Vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) process has been proven to be an effective-cost technology for manufacturing large-scale composite structure with complex geometries and has a broad development prospect in industry fields, especially in aerospace. The resin impregnation, a crucial stage of the VARI process, can easily lead to dry spots and seriously reduce product quality or even lead to scrap due to improper resin flow. The non-invasive piezoelectric sensor (NPS) network and embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) network composed of Stanford Multi-actuator Receiver Transducer Layer are employed for full-field monitoring of the resin flow fronts and accurate localization of the dry spot defects. Also, an innovative experimental technique for creating dry spot defects is presented in this research. Based on the analysis of the Lamb wave signals, the A0 mode from the NPS network and the S0 mode of the EPS network are ideal for the monitoring of dry spots. Additionally, by fusing the impact of dry spot defects on the Lamb wave and the probability-based diagnostic imaging algorithm, a new damage index is proposed to precisely locate the dry spot defects. The experimental results further indicate that the method proposed can provide effective full-field monitoring of the resin flow front and dry spot defect locations.
Memristor-like behavior and negative resistance in a superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet device with a pinholes-governed interface
Authors: Bauer G , Ozeri M , Anwar M S , Matsuki H , Stelmashenko N , Yochelis S , Cuoco M , Robinson J W A , Paltiel Y , Millo O
Published: June 2023

We investigate the voltage–current characteristics of a superconductor–insulator–ferromagnet heterostructure, where the insulating layer contains pinhole-defects. The superconducting layer exhibits multiple voltage jumps that are hysteretic with the current sweep direction. This characteristic of the resistive state is due to pinholes that induce local, distinct, coupling regions between the superconducting and ferromagnetic layers which may generate phase-slip lines or vortex channeling. These findings point to a magnetically driven design of a superconductor memristor. Concomitantly, the junctions display both absolute and differential negative resistances below the superconducting critical temperature and current. This anomalous behavior is analyzed using a circuit approach and is attributed to current passing through pinholes within the insulating layer. These two unique effects, which stem from the special topology of the pinholes-governed interface can be applied in superconductor-based switches and memory devices.