bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women Leadership in the AGU Chapman Conference Series: Convener Impacts on the Science Program Committee
Authors: Keiling Andreas , Smith‐Keiling Beverly L.
Published: September 2023

Science conferences have increasingly come under a spotlight for inclusion and representation of marginalized groups. Here, we report on our analysis of the representation of women in conference leadership with regard to internal structure and dynamics at the Chapman conference series, spanning a period from 2007 to 2019. Chapman conferences are small, focused meetings in the Earth and space sciences, under the umbrella of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). They follow a two‐leveled scientific leadership model, starting at conference inception by the organizing conveners and their selection of an invited science program committee. Our main findings were: (a) The average women proportion was less for the conveners (17%) than for the Science Program Committee (SPC) (24%), which is in line with the AGU demographics of attrition, assuming a different mix of career stages among conveners and SPC. At the individual conference level, the unfavorable case that convener or SPC teams were comprised only of men was nonetheless frequent. (b) On average, mixed convener teams, as opposed to all‐men convener teams, selected a higher women representation among the SPC members (18% vs. 28%). (c) There were fewer all‐men SPC teams when at least one woman was in the convener team (21% vs. 7%). In conclusion, while there was evidence that equitable representation can be achieved in the leadership, it still lagged in a consistent fashion for individual conferences. Targeted efforts for increased representation–especially at the convener level of the two‐leveled conference model–are recommended, as increased women representation at the convener level may improve women representation of the SPC.
Winter Mixed Layer Restratification Induced by Vertical Eddy Buoyancy Flux in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Li Pusheng , Chen Ruiyi , Gou Ruijian , Pennelly Clark , Luo Yiyong , Myers Paul G.
Published: September 2023

Numerical model studies have shown that the lateral buoyancy transports from eddies restratify the convection region in the Labrador Sea. However, restratification by vertical motion during and after convection has been underestimated. Here we use a model with 1°/60° resolution which can resolve mesoscale and submesoscale motions, and find that negative feedback that includes the generation of vertical eddy buoyancy flux (VEBF) committed to restratify the mixed layer. In winter, VEBF compensates for nearly half of the surface buoyancy loss and is as important as the lateral buoyancy fluxes in the eddy‐rich region, which results in restraining the development of deep convection. During this period, the surge of VEBF was due to seasonally enhanced frontogenesis, mixed layer instability and the interaction between strong surface winds and eddies on a 10‐day timescale. Therefore, well parameterizing VEBF is important in improving the representation of the deep convection in coarse‐grid climate models.
Interplay Between Seismic and Aseismic Deformation on the Central Range Fault During the 2013 Mw 6.3 Ruisui Earthquake (Taiwan)
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Fan , Gualandi Adriano , Hsu Yu‐Fang , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Lee Hsin‐Ming , Canitano Alexandre
Published: September 2023

The 2013 Ruisui earthquake represents the first unequivocal evidence of the activity of the Central Range fault (CRF) in central Longitudinal Valley, Taiwan. Using a joint Bayesian finite‐fault source inversion of Global Navigation Satellite System and strain time series, we infer that coseismic rupture occurred between 4 and 19 km depth with maximum slip of 0.5 m located near the hypocenter. We then apply a variational Bayesian independent component analysis approach to displacement signals to infer a 3‐months long afterslip located in the near‐source region. This observation represents the first evidence of aseismic slip on the CRF. Combining geodetic and seismological analysis with simulations based on rate‐and‐state friction mechanics, we analyze the interplay between seismic and aseismic deformation during the earthquake sequence. We observe that afterslip is the dominant postseismic deformation mechanism, with >95% of the moment being released aseismically in the postseismic phase and also likely represents the driving force controlling aftershock productivity. Finally, we infer the presence of a shallow velocity strengthening zone (∼0–4 km depth) associated with spatially heterogeneous slip during the postseismic phase with maximum slip of 0.18 m located above the zone of maximum coseismic deformation.
Differential effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on the antibiotic resistomes of diverse river habitats
Authors: Lee Jangwoo , Ju Feng , Beck Karin , Bürgmann Helmut
Published: September 2023

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key sources of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that could influence the resistomes of microbial communities in various habitats of the receiving river ecosystem. However, it is currently unknown which habitats are most impacted and whether ARGs, like certain chemical contaminants, could be accumulated or enriched in the river ecosystem. We conducted a systematic metagenomic survey on the antibiotic resistomes of WWTP effluent, four riverine habitats (water, suspended particles, sediment, epilithic biofilm), and freshwater amphipod gut microbiomes. The impact of WWTP effluent on the downstream habitats was assessed in nine Swiss rivers. While there were significant differences in resistomes across habitats, the wastewater resistome was more similar to the resistome of receiving river water than to the resistomes of other habitats, and river water was the habitat most strongly impacted by the WWTPs effluent. The sulfonamide, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes were among the most abundant ARGs in the WWTP effluents, and especially aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes showed significantly increased abundance in the river water of downstream compared to upstream locations (p < 0.05). However, this was not the case for the sediment, biofilm, and amphipod gut habitats. Accordingly, evidence for accumulation or enrichment of ARGs through the riverine food web was not identified. Our study suggests that monitoring riverine antimicrobial resistance determinants could be conducted using “co-occurrence” of aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes as an indicator of wastewater-related pollution and should focus on the water as the most affected habitat.
Clonal dynamics limits detection of selection in tumour xenograft CRISPR/Cas9 screens
Authors: Lee Tet Woo , Hunter Francis W. , Tsai Peter , Print Cristin G. , Wilson William R. , Jamieson Stephen M. F.
Published: September 2023

Transplantable in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens, in which cells are edited in vitro and inoculated into mice to form tumours, allow evaluation of gene function in a cancer model that incorporates the multicellular interactions of the tumour microenvironment. To improve our understanding of the key parameters for success with this method, we investigated the choice of cell line, mouse host, tumour harvesting timepoint and guide RNA (gRNA) library size. We found that high gRNA (80–95%) representation was maintained in a HCT116 subline transduced with the GeCKOv2 whole-genome gRNA library and transplanted into NSG mice when tumours were harvested at early (14 d) but not late time points (38–43 d). The decreased representation in older tumours was accompanied by large increases in variance in gRNA read counts, with notable expansion of a small number of random clones in each sample. The variable clonal dynamics resulted in a high level of ‘noise’ that limited the detection of gRNA-based selection. Using simulated datasets derived from our experimental data, we show that considerable reductions in count variance would be achieved with smaller library sizes. Based on our findings, we suggest a pathway to rationally design adequately powered in vivo CRISPR screens for successful evaluation of gene function.
Ultrafine-bubble-water-promoted nanoceramic decoration of metal powders for additive manufacturing
Authors: Dong Mingqi , Zhou Weiwei , Guo Suxia , Nomura Naoyuki
Published: September 2023

The design of composite powders for exploiting the multifunctionality of metallic nanocomposites via laser additive manufacturing (AM) is challenging. Conventional ball-milling processes are prone to cause uncontrollable powder morphology and reduced flowability, while recently developed nanodecoration technologies are limited by complicated processing and impurity inclusion. Herein, a facile and scalable approach was developed using ultrafine bubble (UFB)-assisted heteroagglomeration to fabricate high-concentration, impurity-free nanoceramic/metal composite powders. Individual ZrO2 or Al2O3 nanoparticles up to ~10 wt% were homogeneously decorated on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V powders through the bridging effect of the negatively charged UFBs, leading to enhanced flowability and laser absorptivity. The nanoceramics were completely decomposed and dissolved into the matrix upon laser irradiation; therefore, a unique Ti nanocomposite exhibiting both high strength and ductility was obtained. Our work provides new insights into the application of UFBs and the fabrication of multifunctional AM components.
Machine learning the dimension of a Fano variety
Authors: Coates Tom , Kasprzyk Alexander M. , Veneziale Sara
Published: September 2023

Fano varieties are basic building blocks in geometry – they are ‘atomic pieces’ of mathematical shapes. Recent progress in the classification of Fano varieties involves analysing an invariant called the quantum period. This is a sequence of integers which gives a numerical fingerprint for a Fano variety. It is conjectured that a Fano variety is uniquely determined by its quantum period. If this is true, one should be able to recover geometric properties of a Fano variety directly from its quantum period. We apply machine learning to the question: does the quantum period of X know the dimension of X? Note that there is as yet no theoretical understanding of this. We show that a simple feed-forward neural network can determine the dimension of X with 98% accuracy. Building on this, we establish rigorous asymptotics for the quantum periods of a class of Fano varieties. These asymptotics determine the dimension of X from its quantum period. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can pick out structure from complex mathematical data in situations where we lack theoretical understanding. They also give positive evidence for the conjecture that the quantum period of a Fano variety determines that variety.
North African humid periods over the past 800,000 years
Authors: Armstrong Edward , Tallavaara Miikka , Hopcroft Peter O. , Valdes Paul J.
Published: September 2023

The Sahara region has experienced periodic wet periods over the Quaternary and beyond. These North African Humid Periods (NAHPs) are astronomically paced by precession which controls the intensity of the African monsoon system. However, most climate models cannot reconcile the magnitude of these events and so the driving mechanisms remain poorly constrained. Here, we utilise a recently developed version of the HadCM3B coupled climate model that simulates 20 NAHPs over the past 800 kyr which have good agreement with NAHPs identified in proxy data. Our results show that precession determines NAHP pacing, but we identify that their amplitude is strongly linked to eccentricity via its control over ice sheet extent. During glacial periods, enhanced ice-albedo driven cooling suppresses NAHP amplitude at precession minima, when humid conditions would otherwise be expected. This highlights the importance of both precession and eccentricity, and the role of high latitude processes in determining the timing and amplitude of the NAHPs. This may have implications for the out of Africa dispersal of plants and animals throughout the Quaternary.
Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Zhang Xin , Chen Yuting , Jiang Wenqian , Zhang Jing , Wang Jiayu , Wu Yanjun , Wang Shouchuang , Yang Xiao , Liu Mingchun , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2023

Melatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. Enrichment of tomato fruit with melatonin not only enhances its agronomic traits but also provides extra health benefits. In this study, we elucidate the full melatonin biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit by identifying biosynthesis-related genes that encode caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 2 (SlCOMT2) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-methyltransferases 5/7 (SlASMT5/7). We further reveal that red light supplementation significantly enhances the melatonin content in tomato fruit. This induction relies on the “serotonin—N-acetylserotonin—melatonin” biosynthesis route via the SlphyB2-SlPIF4-SlCOMT2 module. Based on the regulatory mechanism, we design a gene-editing strategy to target the binding motif of SlPIF4 in the promoter of SlCOMT2, which significantly enhances the production of melatonin in tomato fruit. Our study provides a good example of how the understanding of plant metabolic pathways responding to environmental factors can guide the engineering of health-promoting foods.
Pre-clinical validation of a pan-cancer CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting nfP2X7
Authors: Bandara Veronika , Foeng Jade , Gundsambuu Batjargal , Norton Todd S. , Napoli Silvana , McPeake Dylan J. , Tyllis Timona S. , Rohani-Rad Elaheh , Abbott Caitlin , Mills Stuart J. , Tan Lih Y. , Thompson Emma J. , Willet Vasiliki M. , Nikitaras Victoria J. , Zheng Jieren , Comerford Iain , Johnson Adam , Coombs Justin , Oehler Martin K. , Ricciardelli Carmela , Cowin Allison J. , Bonder Claudine S. , Jensen Michael , Sadlon Timothy J. , McColl Shaun R. , Barry Simon C.
Published: September 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a novel treatment that genetically modifies the patients’ own T cells to target and kill malignant cells. However, identification of tumour-specific antigens expressed on multiple solid cancer types, remains a major challenge. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is a cell surface expressed ATP gated cation channel, and a dysfunctional version of P2X7, named nfP2X7, has been identified on cancer cells from multiple tissues, while being undetectable on healthy cells. We present a prototype -human CAR-T construct targeting nfP2X7 showing potential antigen-specific cytotoxicity against twelve solid cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, brain and skin). In xenograft mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 exhibit robust anti-tumour efficacy. These data indicate that nfP2X7 is a suitable immunotherapy target because of its broad expression on human tumours. CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 have potential as a wide-spectrum cancer immunotherapy for solid tumours in humans.
Multi-omic atlas of the parahippocampal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Coleman Claire , Wang Minghui , Wang Erming , Micallef Courtney , Shao Zhiping , Vicari James M. , Li Yuxin , Yu Kaiwen , Cai Dongming , Peng Junmin , Haroutunian Vahram , Fullard John F. , Bendl Jaroslav , Zhang Bin , Roussos Panos
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a projection of 151 million cases by 2050. Previous genetic studies have identified three main genes associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease, however this subtype accounts for less than 5% of total cases. Next-generation sequencing has been well established and holds great promise to assist in the development of novel therapeutics as well as biomarkers to prevent or slow the progression of this devastating disease. Here we present a public resource of functional genomic data from the parahippocampal gyrus of 201 postmortem control, mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and AD individuals from the Mount Sinai brain bank, of which whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were previously published. The genomic data include bulk proteomics and DNA methylation, as well as cell-type-specific RNA-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data. We have performed extensive preprocessing and quality control, allowing the research community to access and utilize this public resource available on the Synapse platform at https://doi.org/10.7303/syn51180043.2.
Single-step fabrication of fibrous Si/Sn composite nanowire anodes by high-pressure He plasma sputtering for high-capacity Li-ion batteries
Authors: Uchida Giichiro , Masumoto Kodai , Sakakibara Mikito , Ikebe Yumiko , Ono Shinjiro , Koga Kazunori , Kozawa Takahiro
Published: September 2023

To realize high-capacity Si anodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries, Si/Sn nanowires were fabricated in a single-step procedure using He plasma sputtering at a high pressure of 100–500 mTorr without substrate heating. The Si/Sn nanowires consisted of an amorphous Si core and a crystalline Sn shell. Si/Sn composite nanowire films formed a spider-web-like network structure, a rod-like structure, or an aggregated structure of nanowires and nanoparticles depending on the conditions used in the plasma process. Anodes prepared with Si/Sn nanowire films with the spider-web-like network structure and the aggregated structure of nanowires and nanoparticles showed a high Li-storage capacity of 1219 and 977 mAh/g, respectively, for the initial 54 cycles at a C-rate of 0.01, and a capacity of 644 and 580 mAh/g, respectively, after 135 cycles at a C-rate of 0.1. The developed plasma sputtering process enabled us to form a binder-free high-capacity Si/Sn-nanowire anode via a simple single-step procedure.
Automated recognition of epilepsy from EEG signals using a combining space–time algorithm of CNN-LSTM
Authors: Wang Xiashuang , Wang Yinglei , Liu Dunwei , Wang Ying , Wang Zhengjun
Published: September 2023

Intelligent recognition methods for classifying non-stationary and non-invasive epileptic diagnoses are essential tools in neurological research. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals exhibit better temporal characteristics in the detection of epilepsy compared to radiation medical images like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as they provide real-time insights into the disease’ condition. While classical machine learning methods have been used for epilepsy EEG classification, they still often require manual parameter adjustments. Previous studies primarily focused on binary epilepsy recognition (epilepsy vs. healthy subjects) rather than as ternary status recognition (continuous epilepsy vs. intermittent epilepsy vs. healthy subjects). In this study, we propose a novel deep learning method that combines a convolution neural network (CNN) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for multi-class classification including both binary and ternary tasks, using a publicly available benchmark database on epilepsy EEGs. The hybrid CNN-LSTM automatically acquires knowledge without the need for extra pre-processing or manual intervention. Besides, the joint network method benefits from memory function and stronger feature extraction ability. Our proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM achieves state-of-the-art performance in ternary classification, outperforming classical machine learning and the latest deep learning models. For the three-class classification, in the method achieves an accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and ROC of 98%, 97.4, 98.3% and 96.8%, respectively. In binary classification, the method achieves better results, with ACC of 100%, 100%, and 99.8%, respectively. Our dual stream spatiotemporal hybrid network demonstrates superior performance compared to other methods. Notably, it eliminates the need for manual operations, making it more efficient for doctors to diagnose during the clinical process and alleviating the workload of neurologists.
The evaluation of five serological assays in determining seroconversion to peste des petits ruminants virus in typical and atypical hosts
Authors: Tully Matthew , Batten Carrie , Ashby Martin , Mahapatra Mana , Parekh Krupali , Parida Satya , Njeumi Felix , Willett Brian , Bataille Arnaud , Libeau Genevieve , Kwiatek Olivier , Caron Alexandre , Berguido Francisco J. , Lamien Charles E. , Cattoli Giovanni , Misinzo Gerald , Keyyu Julius , Mdetele Daniel , Gakuya Francis , Bodjo Sanne Charles , Taha Fatima Abdelazeem , Elbashier Husna Mohamed , Khalafalla Abdelmalik Ibrahim , Osman Abdinasir Y. , Kock Richard
Published: September 2023

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious viral disease, primarily of small ruminants such as sheep and goats, but is also known to infect a wide range of wild and domestic Artiodactyls including African buffalo, gazelle, saiga and camels. The livestock-wildlife interface, where free-ranging animals can interact with captive flocks, is the subject of scrutiny as its role in the maintenance and spread of PPR virus (PPRV) is poorly understood. As seroconversion to PPRV indicates previous infection and/or vaccination, the availability of validated serological tools for use in both typical (sheep and goat) and atypical species is essential to support future disease surveillance and control strategies. The virus neutralisation test (VNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been validated using sera from typical host species. Still, the performance of these assays in detecting antibodies from atypical species remains unclear. We examined a large panel of sera (n = 793) from a range of species from multiple countries (sourced 2015–2022) using three tests: VNT, ID VET N-ELISA and AU-PANVAC H-ELISA. A sub-panel (n = 30) was also distributed to two laboratories and tested using the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and a pseudotyped virus neutralisation assay (PVNA). We demonstrate a 75.0–88.0% agreement of positive results for detecting PPRV antibodies in sera from typical species between the VNT and commercial ELISAs, however this decreased to 44.4–62.3% in sera from atypical species, with an inter-species variation. The LIPS and PVNA strongly correlate with the VNT and ELISAs for typical species but vary when testing sera from atypical species.
Photon-counting computed tomography of coronary and peripheral artery stents: a phantom study
Authors: Stein Thomas , Taron Jana , Verloh Niklas , Doppler Michael , Rau Alexander , Hagar Muhammad Taha , Faby Sebastian , Baltas Dimos , Westermann Dirk , Ayx Isabelle , Schönberg Stefan O. , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Weiss Jakob
Published: September 2023

Accurate small vessel stent visualization using CT remains challenging. Photon-counting CT (PCD-CT) may help to overcome this issue. We systematically investigate PCD-CT impact on small vessel stent assessment compared to energy-integrating-CT (EID). 12 water-contrast agent filled stents (3.0–8 mm) were scanned with patient-equivalent phantom using clinical PCD-CT and EID-CT. Images were reconstructed using dedicated vascular kernels. Subjective image quality was evaluated by 5 radiologists independently (5-point Likert-scale; 5 = excellent). Objective image quality was evaluated by calculating multi-row intensity profiles including edge rise slope (ERS) and coefficient-of-variation (CV). Highest overall reading scores were found for PCD-CT-Bv56 (3.6[3.3–4.3]). In pairwise comparison, differences were significant for PCD-CT-Bv56 vs. EID-CT-Bv40 (p ≤ 0.04), for sharpness and blooming respectively (all p < 0.05). Highest diagnostic confidence was found for PCD-CT-Bv56 (p ≤ 0.2). ANOVA revealed a significant effect of kernel strength on ERS (p < 0.001). CV decreased with stronger PCD-CT kernels, reaching its lowest in PCD-CT-Bv56 and highest in EID-CT reconstruction (p ≤ 0.05). We are the first study to verify, by phantom setup adapted to real patient settings, PCD-CT with a sharp vascular kernel provides the most favorable image quality for small vessel stent imaging. PCD-CT may reduce the number of invasive coronary angiograms, however, more studies needed to apply our results in clinical practice.
Lipid metabolism transcriptomics of murine microglia in Alzheimer’s disease and neuroinflammation
Authors: Shippy Daniel C. , Ulland Tyler K.
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques followed by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. An unrestrained immune response by microglia, the resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS), leads to neuroinflammation which can amplify AD pathology. AD pathology is also driven by metabolic dysfunction with strong correlations between dementia and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Since elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels appear to be a major risk factor for developing AD, we investigated the lipid metabolism transcriptome in an AD versus non-AD state using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray datasets from N9 cells and murine microglia. We identified 52 differentially expressed genes (DEG) linked to lipid metabolism in LPS-stimulated N9 microglia versus unstimulated control cells using RNA-seq, 86 lipid metabolism DEG in 5XFAD versus wild-type mice by microarray, with 16 DEG common between both datasets. Functional enrichment and network analyses identified several biological processes and molecular functions, such as cholesterol homeostasis, insulin signaling, and triglyceride metabolism. Furthermore, therapeutic drugs targeting lipid metabolism DEG found in our study were identified. Focusing on drugs that target genes associated with lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation could provide new targets for AD drug development.
Aerobic oxidative C–C bond cleavage and functionalization for the synthesis of value-added chemicals
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yuan Ziliang , He Jie , Fang Tingfeng , Liu Bing , Zhang Zehui
Published: September 2023

Aerobic oxidative cleavage of the C–C bond is summarized, focusing on reactions catalyzed by sustainable non-noble metal catalysts and carried out under mild conditions.
Covalently linked pyrene antennas for optically dense yet aggregation-resistant light-harvesting systems
Authors: Salah Lubna , Makhseed Saad , Ghazal Basma , Abdel Nazeer Ahmed , Etherington Marc K. , Ponseca Jr. Carlito S. , Li Chunyong , Monkman Andrew P. , Danos Andrew , Shuaib Ali
Published: September 2023

Inspired by natural light-harvesting antenna arrays, intramolecular energy transfer in zinc(ii) phthalocyanine-pyrene is vastly accelerated compared to equivalent mixtures of its free component chromophores.
Cu/SiO2 synthesized with HKUST-1 as precursor: high ratio of Cu+/(Cu+ + Cu0) and rich oxygen defects for efficient catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to 2-methyl furan
Authors: Zong Zhiyuan , Tan Hongzi , Zhang Pengrui , Yuan Chao , Zhao Rongrong , Song Feng , Yi Weiming , Zhang Fengshan , Cui Hongyou
Published: September 2023

Cu/SiO2 is one of the most promising catalysts for the furfural (FF) hydrogenation reaction but suffers from the difficulty of tailoring the microstructure and surface properties.
Enhancing stability via confining Rh–P species in ZIF-8 for hydroformylation of 1-octene
Authors: Yan Xiaorui , Chen Lele , Wei Haisheng , Liu Tiantian , Li Kairui , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

A ZIF-8-confined Rh–P species catalyst was synthesized and exhibited good stability in the hydroformylation of 1-octene, which is attributed to the strong interaction between Rh and P, effectively inhibiting the leaching of active Rh species.
Investigation of new ferrocenyl-artesunate derivatives as antiparasitics
Authors: Munnik Brandon L. , Kaschula Catherine H. , Harding Clare R. , Chellan Prinessa
Published: September 2023

Ferrocene conjugated artesunate (Ars) derivatives with antiparasitic effects.
Photocatalyst- and transition-metal-free syntheses of furan-fused dihydroazepines by visible light
Authors: Gore Babasaheb Sopan , Kuo Chiao-Ying , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: September 2023

A visible light-induced, atom-economical synthesis of furan-fused dihydroazepine derivatives under transition metal- and photocatalyst-free conditions is described.
Research status, opportunities, and challenges of cobalt phosphate based materials as OER electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Xingheng , Hou Qi , Cao Shoufu , Lin Xiaojing , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Zhaojie , Wei Shuxian , Liu Siyuan , Dai Fangna , Lu Xiaoqing
Published: September 2023

Cobalt phosphate (CoPi) based material has attracted great attention due to its low cost, good stability, high catalytic activity, and redox properties. This review presents the recent advances of CoPi in OER process.
Organophotocatalytic dehydrogenative preparation of amides directly from alcohols
Authors: Maji Shyamali , Roy Monojit , Shaikh Kanchan , Adhikari Debashis
Published: September 2023

A photocatalytic route to the formation of amide directly from alcohol has been described, where pyrenedione undergoes easy excited-state monoreduction and paves the way for a hydrogen atom transfer reaction.
TARIM calcite: a potential reference material for laser ICPMS in situ calcite U–Pb dating
Authors: Zhang Liang-Liang , Zhu Di-Cheng , Xie Jin-Cheng , Wang Qing , Kamo Sandra , Rochín-Bañaga Heriberto , Xiao Yang
Published: September 2023

Assisted by laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) analytical techniques, calcite is now accepted as an important U–Pb dating mineral for application to various issues in geology.
Multiblock-copolymerisation-derived sulfonated-poly(p-phenylene)-based polymer electrolyte membranes with simultaneously enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical strength
Authors: Yoshida-Hirahara Miru , Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro
Published: September 2023

S-6X multi-block copolymers can be developed by direct one-pot copolymerization via Ni(0) coupling reaction, allowing high conductivity and strength on a wide-range of IECs.
Sunlight-driven N-acetylation of anilines: a green chemistry approach
Authors: Gupta Ashu , Sidhwani Indu Tucker , Gupta Radhika , Monga Yukti , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

This work represents a sustainable pathway for the synthesis of industrially significant acetanilide moieties from anilines in the presence of sunlight using cost effective MgSO4 as a Lewis acid catalyst.
Theoretical studies to predict the utility of diazo esters in their reactions with 1,4-quinones: experimental validationviaa visible light driven metal free process
Authors: Prabakar Tejas , Bera Subhankar , Singh Shagun , Srivastava Anubhuti , Chandrachood Manasi , Maiti Debajit , Karmodak Naiwrit , Sen Subhabrata
Published: September 2023

Herein we report theoretical and experimental studies that revealed two different reactivity of various 1,4-quinones with electronically different diazo acetates (electron acceptor–electron donor, acceptor and acceptor–acceptor) under blue LED.
Room temperature ionic liquids with two symmetric ions
Authors: Rauber Daniel , Philippi Frederik , Schroeder Daniel , Morgenstern Bernd , White Andrew J. P. , Jochum Marlon , Welton Tom , Kay Christopher W. M.
Published: September 2023

Here we present ionic liquids composed of highly symmetric cations and anions. The ionic liquids show competitive physical properties despite the high symmetry. The observed behaviour is rationalised with the concept of configurational entropy.
Highly regioselective oxidation of C–H bonds in water using hydrogen peroxide by a cytochrome P450 mimicking iron complex
Authors: Jana Sandipan , De Puja , Dey Chinmay , Dey Somdatta Ghosh , Dey Abhishek , Gupta Sayam Sen
Published: September 2023

Development of a molecular iron complex, which via oxoiron(v) formation, catalyzes highly efficient and regioselective oxidation of C–H bonds in water using hydrogen peroxide, and thereby acts as a functional model of cytochrome P450.
The use of immunoaffinity purification approaches coupled with LC-MS/MS offers a powerful strategy to identify protein complexes in filamentous fungi
Authors: Bauer Ingo , Sarikaya Bayram Özlem , Bayram Özgür
Published: September 2023

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that can be both beneficial and harmful to mankind. They have advantages such as producing food processing enzymes and antibiotics, but they can also be pathogens and produce mycotoxins that contaminate food. Over the past two decades, there have been significant advancements in methods for studying fungal molecular biology. These advancements have led to important discoveries in fungal development, physiology, pathogenicity, biotechnology, and natural product research. Protein complexes and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play crucial roles in fungal biology. Various methods, including yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), are used to investigate PPIs. However, affinity-based PPI methods like co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) are highly preferred because they represent the natural conditions of PPIs. In recent years, the integration of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been used to analyse Co-IPs, leading to the discovery of important protein complexes in filamentous fungi. In this review, we discuss the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method and single affinity purification methods such as GFP, HA, FLAG, and MYC tag purifications. These techniques are used to identify PPIs and protein complexes in filamentous fungi. Additionally, we compare the efficiency, time requirements, and material usage of Sepharose™ and magnetic-based purification systems. Overall, the advancements in fungal molecular biology techniques have provided valuable insights into the complex interactions and functions of proteins in fungi. The methods discussed in this review offer powerful tools for studying fungal biology and will contribute to further discoveries in this field.
Establishing Normative Values for Healthy Term Infant Feeding Performance: Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed, Oral Feeding Scale, and Early Feeding Skills Assessment
Authors: McGrattan Katlyn Elizabeth , Mohr Alicia Hofelich , Weikle Ellen , Hernandez Kayla , Walsh Katie , Park Jinhee , Ramel Sara E. , Georgieff Michael K. , Dietz Kelly , Dahlstrom Kyle , Lindsay John , Thoyre Suzanne
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Infants with perceived feeding problems are frequently referred for assessment of their feeding abilities. However, little is known regarding how healthy nondysphagic infants perform on commonly used assessments, making determination of impairment difficult. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the characteristics of healthy term infant feeding performance using three commonly employed clinical assessments: Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed (NeoEat-Mixed), Oral Feeding Scale, and Early Feeding Skills (EFS).

Method:

In this prospective case–control study, we recruited 30 infants without feeding impairments to undergo video-monitored bottle feeds under their normal feeding conditions. Caregiver perception of infant feeding was evaluated using the NeoEat-Mixed. Milk ingestion was monitored real time using the Oral Feeding Scale for rate of milk transfer and modified proficiency as characterized by the total volume consumed out of the total volume the caregiver provided. Videos were analyzed by two speech pathologists using the EFS assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize performance.

Results:

Participants underwent feeding monitoring at an average chronological age of 4 ± 2 months. Caregivers primarily reported normal, nonconcerning feeding patterns across all of the NeoEAT-Mixed outcomes. Infants consumed milk at an average rate of transfer of 7 ± 3 ml/min, a modified proficiency of 50 ± 21%, and achieved the highest OFS score of 4 (93%,
n
= 28). The majority of infants scored the best EFS score (mature-3) as it related to the absence of color changes during the feed (97%,
n
= 29), although commonly scored in the worst EFS score (immature-1) in their presentation of one or more compelling stress cues (63%,
n
= 19).

Conclusion:

Establishing healthy term infant normative values for commonly used feeding assessments is critical in accurately distinguishing infants with feeding impairments from those with normal developmental variants.
Variance state propagation for uplink channel estimation in LEO satellite systems
Authors: Lei Xiaoyong , Zhang Mingchen , Liu Yilun , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2023

This paper, considers the channel estimation problem of the uplink low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. By exploiting the channel structured sparsity in the delay‐Doppler‐angle domain, the channel estimation problem is formulated as a block‐sparse signal recovery problem. The variance state propagation (VSP) framework is extended to solve such a problem. Considering that the delay, Doppler shift, and angle of departure (AoD) of each propagation path may not exactly fall on the presumed discrete grid points, an expectation maximization (EM) based parameter learning scheme in VSP to iteratively update the grid parameters is introduced. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a substantial performance gain over the existing methods.
Analyses on an electronic voltage transformer's failure by its resonance with very fast transient overvoltage and suppression
Authors: Zhu Houda , Chen Qing , Li Hongbin , Tong Yue , Han Linshan , Jiao Yang
Published: September 2023

As voltage measuring devices are widely used in the high voltage power system with a primary‐secondary‐fusion structure, electronic voltage transformers are directly connected to the primary conductor and would face much more serious electromagnetic environments than general secondary equipment. As a result, they would still experience failures even when general protection measures are adopted to suppress overvoltages' amplitudes. To address this issue, an innovative method is proposed after analyses are conducted on the resonance between a transformer and an overvoltage. Within this method, an air‐cored coil is installed in a transformer to artificially shift its natural frequency and to dodge the high‐frequency dominant component of a transient overvoltage, avoiding the aforementioned resonance and suppressing the secondary overvoltage. In addition, simulations and laboratory tests are conducted to prove this method's validity.
A weighted local‐spherical grid based lightweight descriptor for 3D point cloud registration
Authors: Che Shou‐Quan , Bao Cong‐Wang , Lu Jian‐Feng
Published: September 2023

Establishing effective feature descriptors is a crucial step in 3D point cloud registration task. Existing manual‐based methods are noise‐susceptible and time‐consuming when running on low‐cost edge computing devices. To this end, the authors proposed a Local Reference Frame (LRF) based approach that can quickly and robustly register point clouds by using a novel lightweight local‐spherical grid weighted descriptor (LSGWD). Firstly, the LRF of the proposed algorithm is established by the covariance matrix eigenvector of KeyPoint's spherical support set and the centroid vector's projection on its orthogonal plane. Then the spherical support is grided to 32 bins, and the 4D geometric features of each subset are constructed by the centroid moment and the cosine value of the angles between the centroid vector and axes of LRF. Secondly, to restrain the insufficient discriminative information presented in the purely geometric features, the Gaussian projection and gradient mapping are proposed to calculate the smooth density and the correlation of structural characteristics, which are obtained as the distribution information of each bin to weigh the feature representation. Finally, the 32 × 4‐dimensional KeyPoint descriptor is obtained and used in the 3D point cloud registration framework. Experiments are carried out on three test datasets and real scene data. Compared to previous baselines, our descriptor achieves the state‐of‐the‐art performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy owing to its compact structure and noise robustness. The proposed method enhances the recognition and registration performance of 3D point cloud matching in low‐cost edge computing applications.
Osmoprotective properties of sucrose against nodule bacteria inoculants for legumes
Authors: Laktionov Yu.V. , Kosulnikov Yu.V. , Berdysheva K.N.
Published: September 2023

In this study, the resistance of soybean nodule bacteria B. japonicum st. 634b, A21, H9 to drying on inoculated soybean seeds of the EN Argenta variety was studied and the effectiveness of sucrose as an osmoprotector of rhizobia was determined. To assess the degree of rhizobia resistance to osmotic stress, soybean seeds were treated with an aqueous solution of the corresponding bacterial culture (control variants) or 20% sucrose solution (experimental variants). Further, the treated seeds were periodically washed with sterile water, followed by determining the number of viable cells by sowing a series of 10-fold dilutions on Petri dishes with agarized nutrient medium, followed by counting the characteristic bacterial colonies formed. Washes were performed 1,2,3,4, and 7 days after seed treatment. It was shown that among the studied strains, strain H9 is the most osmotically stable, and strain 634b is the least. Osmoprotective activity of a 20% sucrose solution was revealed against all three types of rhizobia, which was expressed in a significant slowdown in the rate of reduction of the number of viable cells on inoculated seeds over time.
The resistance of a number of indigenous species of shrubs and subshrubs of Sakhalin to a low-snow winter
Authors: Sheiko V.V. , Lebedev D.M. , Sorokopudov V.N.
Published: September 2023

A negative reaction to the anomalous nature of the low-snow winter of 2018/19 was shown by representatives of 78% of the species of shrubs and subshrubs indigenous to Sakhalin island, studied in the botanical garden of the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and 9% of species of foreign shrubs. Such a reaction of local plants can be associated with their adaptations to such factors as a thick snow cover, temperature stability in spruce-fir forests, weak soil freezing. The latter may be due to deep snow, high groundwater levels, or if the species is adapted to the warmer climate of the main part of the range.
Technological solutions are environmentally friendly safe watering with wide-ranging sprinkler machines
Authors: Zhuravleva Larisa
Published: September 2023

Erosion processes in the Russian Federation remain one of the main sources of loss of soil and crop fertility resources, deterioration of land conditions. The implementation of an environmentally safe irrigation process with wide-coverage sprinklers is an urgent problem and requires improvement of technology, technological techniques for soils with low water permeability. The aim of the study was to optimize the operating mode and technological methods of irrigation with wide-reach sprinklers, adaptation to conditions changing during the irrigation period, exclusion of over-watering and water erosion of soils. The article discusses the schemes of differentiated distribution of irrigation norms and the movement of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular and frontal action, ensuring compliance of the irrigation norm with the level of moisture reserves of field areas at the time of their watering, reducing the environmental burden on the soil and preserving fertility.
Yield variability of soybean varieties in the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors: Zarenkova N.V. , Shitikova A.V. , Negassi B.T. , Savoskina O.A. , Zapivalov S.A.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of studies on the yield variability of soybean varieties in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone. The change in the duration of vegetation and individual growth periods, depending on agro-climatic conditions, is shown, it is established that the need for water increases with the development of soybean plants, reaching a maximum during flowering and grain filling, decreasing after that. The total water demand for optimal yield ranges from 450 to 800 mm, depending on vegetation conditions, agricultural technology, and development phase. Based on the crop structure analysis, patterns of crop formation and its quality were revealed, it was found that the weather conditions of the growing season had a significant effect on the yield potential of soybeans of Maleta and Georgiya varieties, which averaged 2.7 t/ha over 2 years. The studied soybean varieties were characterized by a high potential of seed yield and protein productivity, adapted to the conditions of the region with sufficient moisture supply and arid conditions during certain vegetation periods.
The index for assessing and predicting fertility in mares
Authors: Lebedeva Lyudmila , Dubrovskaya Anastasia
Published: September 2023

The evaluation of reproductive qualities of mares is an important element of horse breeding technology. Histological analysis of the endometrium provides information about the mare’s ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term. The article presents the results of histological studies of the endometrium in mares of <10 (n=6) and ≥10 (n=13) years old (yо). Two morphometric parameters were used for the analysis: diameter (GDm) and density (GDs) of endometrial glands in diestrus phase of the cycle. There was noted an increase in GDm (20.5 - 62.9 μm, p<0.001) and a decrease in GDs (16.6 - 10.9 units per field of view (ufov), p<0.1) in the endometrium of mares older 10 yo. An endometrial index EI (GDm / GDs, μm/ufov) characterizing the functional state of the endometrium has been proposed. The results of pregnancy rate and the level of life foal birth in mares after histological studies were analyzed. A significant relationship EI with age (p=0.0133) and fertility (p=0.0059) of mares was established. Among mares with EI< 3 µm/ufov only one mare was older than 10 years and all the mares had foaled successfully. The mares with EI>3 µm/fov were older than 10 years and had problems with conception and gestation. In our studies, EI in the range from 3 to 6 µm/ufov could be interpreted as reversible state of the endometrium and after correct treatment it is possible to increase the fertility of mares.
Deviations of electrocardiogram parameters of different age groups of horses in cardiac pathologies
Authors: Ushakov A.O. , Kovalev S.P.
Published: September 2023

This article presents the results of an electrocardiographic study of English thoroughbred racehorses with cardiac pathologies. Diagnosis was performed on 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old horses before and after exercise. It was noted that tachycardia and various cardiac abnormalities were observed in many animals. Currently, there is an increase in the number of pathologies related to the cardiovascular system diagnosed in sport horses, which can lead to early culling of the animal and reduce the economic efficiency of their maintenance.
Technology of raising breeding replacement stock of the Fleckvieh breed
Authors: Giloyan G.A. , Kasumyan N.A.
Published: September 2023

From newborn to 17.6 months, the absolute weight gain of young animals was 387 kg, the average daily weight gain was 717 g, the relative weight gain was 166%. At the age of 1 year, the live weight was 54% of 650 kg of full-aged cows, and the average daily weight gain was 860 g. The correlation between the live weight of 17.6 months and the oblique length of the body is r=0.65. To replenish the group of cows with our own products, we offer to raise breeding calves using moderately intensive technology.