bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A class of integro-differential Fokker-Planck equations with space-dependent coefficient
Authors: Fa Kwok Sau
Published: February 2021

Exact solution for the probability distribution function (PDF) in Laplace space is obtained for a class of integro-differential Fokker-Planck equations with different kernels and generic space-dependent diffusion coefficient. Besides, exact solutions for the PDF and n-moment are also obtained for different kernels and a power-law diffusion coefficient; they are analyzed and compared for different kernels.
Systematic study of the Woods-Saxon potential parametersbetween heavy-ions *
Authors: Gan Lin , Li Zhi-Hong , Sun Hui-Bin , Hu Shi-Peng , Li Er-Tao , Zhong Jian
Published: February 2021

Experimental elastic scattering angular distributions of 11B, 12C, and 16O + heavy-ions are used to study the Woods-Saxon potential parameters. Best fitted values of the diffuseness parameters are found for each system, and a linear relationship is expressed between the diffuseness parameters and

. The correlation of the potential depth and radius parameters with

is also revealed within the limitations of the diffuseness parameter formula. Because the incident energies of most of the analyzed reactions are below or around the Coulomb barrier, the energy dispersion relation between the real and imaginary potentials is considered in order to investigate the ratio between the imaginary and real potential well depths, resulting in an expression of

. Within the limitation of the volume integrals calculated with the S

o Paulo potential, parameterized formulas for the depth and radius parameters are obtained. The systematic Woods-Saxon potential parameters derived in the present work can reproduce not only the experimental data of elastic scattering angular distributions induced by 11B, 12C, and 16O but also some elastic scattering induced by other heavy-ions.
Uncertainty in the mutual calibration method for the traceable thickness measurement of ultra-thin oxide films
Authors: Lee Seung Mi , Woo Jin Chun , Kim Tae Gun , Kim Kyung Joong
Published: February 2021

Mutual calibration by a combination of a zero-offset method and a length-unit traceable method has been suggested as a promising approach to determine the traceable thickness of ultra-thin oxide films. However, the measurement uncertainty is somewhat complicated to calculate because the standard uncertainties from the two measurement methods and the linear regression process should be combined. In this study, the mutual calibration method to evaluate the film thickness and uncertainty of ultra-thin oxide films was investigated. The algorithm of the linear regression equation in the mutual calibration method was studied and the uncertainty calculation program for the thickness measurement by mutual calibration was developed. The result will provide an effective and useful guideline to certify the thickness of the ultra-thin oxide film on Si(100) substrate which is used as the gate oxide in the semiconductor devices. The magnitude of the relative expanded uncertainty in the thickness measurement by mutual calibration is in the range from 8.6% to 9.3%.
Evolution of ELMs, pedestal profiles and fluctuations in the inter-ELM period in NBI- and ECH-dominated discharges in DIII-D
Authors: Banerjee Santanu , Mordijck S. , Barada K. , Zeng L. , Groebner R. , Osborne T. , Rhodes T.L. , Snyder P.B. , Grierson B. , Diallo A.
Published: February 2021

In DIII-D, it has been observed that ELM frequency decreases by 40% and ELM spacing becomes more regular in time when heating is changed from pure neutral beam injection (NBI) to predominantly electron cyclotron heating (ECH) in ITER similar shape plasmas. In comparison with the pure NBI discharges, pedestal fluctuations in magnetics and density increase in the ECH-dominated discharges. Recovery of the pedestal profiles like electron density (n
e), temperature (T
e) and pressure (p
e) shows marked differences for these two heating schemes. Average profiles in the last 30% of the ELM cycle show higher T
e, lower n
e, and similar p
e at the pedestal top for the ECH discharge when compared to the NBI discharge. The gradient of T
e (∇T
e) is also steeper at the pedestal in the ECH discharge. Magnetic fluctuations show three distinct modes at 13–116 kHz in the ECH discharges only. n
e fluctuations show two modes evolving in the inter-ELM period of the ECH discharge, a low-frequency (400 kHz) quasi-coherent mode (LFQC) and high-frequency (∼2 MHz) broadband (HFB) fluctuations. Evolution of these modes has marked correspondence with the inter-ELM ∇T
e recovery. A sharp decrease in the D

α
baseline is observed whenever the LFQC weakens and the HFB grows, prior to each large ELM. Transport coefficients obtained from TRANSP show that MTM and/or TEM are plausible candidates for the observed fluctuations. Linear gyrofluid simulation (TGLF) corroborates this characterization. TGLF shows that the linear growth rate of the most dominant mode peaks at ion-scale (k

θ

ρ

s
∼ 0.4) at the pedestal steep gradient and the frequency is in the electron diamagnetic direction. It is proposed that increased fluctuations in the ECH-dominated case, due to increased ∇T
e, caused an increase in fluctuation-driven transport in the pedestal and slowed the pedestal recovery between ELMs, leading to a reduction in the ELM frequency.
The Effect of Cross-linking and Fatty Acid Addition on the Functional Properties and Digestibility of Tapioca Starch
Authors: Oktaviana D , Saepudin E
Published: February 2021

The present work was carried out the effect of cross-linking and fatty acid addition on the functional properties and digestibility of tapioca starch. Tapioca starch was chemically modified using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP)/sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and fatty acid addition used stearic acid (C18). Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stability for the modified granules compared to the native one. A-type crystalline was formed on native and cross-linking starch, then A-type and V-type crystalline polymorphs were formed between starch and fatty acids. The both modifications decreased solubility, swelling power, paste clarity, viscosity and the dual modification significantly decreased digestibility of tapioca starch.
The improvement of students’ conceptual understandings through the PQ4R aided the 5E learning cycle model on the topic of salts hydrolysis
Authors: Sartika Rody Putra , Hadi Lukman
Published: February 2021

Conceptual understanding is essential for students to be gained during classroom activities. There are various methods to achieve it. This study was conducted to describe the improvement of students’ conceptual understanding of the topic of salt hydrolysis after being taught with the PQ4R aided-5E learning cycle model. To achieve the goal, one shot study was implemented as a study design. As participants, first semester students of the chemistry education department of Tanjungpura University were selected. Data were collected through an achievement test, which comprised two indicators. The indicators used were identifying acid-base properties of salts and determining the pH of salts solutions. The results showed that the improvements were 3.23%, 77.42%, and 19.35%, which was categorized as excellent, average, and poor, respectively. In conclusion, PQ4R aided the 5E learning cycle model successfully improved students’ conceptual understandings.
CuSO4/H2O2-Induce Rapid Polymerization of Dopamine on Cotton Fabric for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zhaofang DU , Fei Li , Ransheng Zuo , Yan Zhou , Hao Wang
Published: February 2021

CuSO4/H2O2 was used as the oxidation system to induce rapid polymerization of dopamine(DA) which modified the surface of cotton fabric. FTIR analysis showed that polydopamine(PDA) was successfully bonded to the surface of cotton fabric by DA self-polymerization under CuSO4/H2O2 system. The surface of cotton fabric modified by PDA could change from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Compared with traditional dopamine deposition, the cotton fabric modified by rapidly deposited PDA had better hydrophobicity, and which could apply for the oil/water separation. Through the test, the separation efficiencies of modified cotton fabric by rapidly deposited PDA all reached above 96% for three different types of oil/water mixture after three times, indicating that PDA modified cotton under CuSO4/H2O2 condition for oil/water separation had good efficiency and reusability.
Research on the Development and Application of Antibacterial Medical Protective Clothing
Authors: Shi Wang , Shuo Yu , Ning Zhang
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, more diversified and complicated changes have been taking place in viruses and bacteria, so the research and development of medical protective clothing turns out to be increasingly important. An excellent antibacterial performance is one of the basic standards in the medical protection system. By sorting the development history of medical protective clothing, this article analyzes the current application of antibacterial protective clothing in terms of antibacterial materials, processing technology, and technological intelligence, and offers a prospect for the development trends of future protective clothing.
Osteoblast cell viability over ultra-long tricalcium phosphate nanocrystal-based methacrylate chitosan composite for bone regeneration
Authors: Xu Hongyao , Zou Xiangjie , Xia Pengcheng , Huang He , Liu Feng , Ramesh Thiyagarajan
Published: February 2021

Bioceramic morphology plays a crucial role in bone repair and regeneration. It is extensively utilized in bone scaffold synthesis due to its better biological system activity and biocompatibility. Here, ultra-long tricalcium phosphate (UTCP) was synthesized with the assistance of the ultrasonication method. The UTCP was modified as a scaffold by the reinforcement of a methacrylate chitosan (MAC) polymer. The functionality of UTCP, UTCP/MAC, and methotrexate (MTX)-loaded composites was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline natures are investigated by x-ray diffraction, and the results show the UTCP crystalline phase is not altered after the reinforcement of the MAC polymer and loading of MTX drugs. The morphological analyses were observed through electron microscopic analysis, and polymer-coated rod structures were observed. The UTCP/MAC composite mechanical stress was increased from 1813 Pa of UTCP to 4272 Pa. MTX loading and release at 79.0% within 3 h and 76.15% at 20 h, respectively, were achieved. The UTCP/MAC and UTCP/MAC/MTX’s osteoblast-like (MG-63) cell viability was investigated, and the MTX-loaded UTCP/MAC composite exhibits good viability behavior up to 96.0% in 14 d. The results confirm the higher compatibility of the composite and profitable cell growth. It may be suitable for bone implantation preparation, and it helps in faster regeneration of bone tissue after in vivo and clinical evaluation.
Remote sensing and GIS application for mapping data base of sustainable agriculture land in Denpasar City
Authors: Lanya I , Manalu T J
Published: February 2021

The Government of Indonesia has issued legislation in an effort to protect sustainable food agricultural land (SFAL), supplemented by Ministerial Regulation, which the aim is for national food security and sovereignty. The assessment accuracy of rice field data is depending on the spatial resolution and temporal variation. Geospatial based agricultural database inventory supports agricultural development programs. The research objective was to compile the SFAL data base (agricultural resources and ownership map). Research methods include analysis of high-resolution Word View 2018 satellite imagery, field surveys and thematic mapping. QGIS 3.6 software, SAS Planet and Locus GIS. Land resources inventory (paddy area in three subak 59.8 ha, Typic Tropaquepts, rainfall of 1,500 to 2,000 mm year−1, origin slope 3 to 8%, terraced, very suitable for lowland rice, suitable for horticulture). Human resources (82 people as owner, 88 farmers as cultivator), 70.95% of those have primary school education and 78.3% are aged 51 to 70 years old. Artificial resources (4,800 m tertiary irrigation channel, 2,470 m farm roads, 5 tractors), rice-rice-horticulture cropping pattern, produce 6.5 t ha−1 of rice. Map and information system of subak rice fields, land suitability and geospatial-based land tenure information as SFAL database can assist local governments in sustainable agricultural development.
Micromorphological characteristics of soils developed on volcanic ash in Lembang area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yatno E , Hikmat M , Suryani E
Published: February 2021

The study of micropmorphological characteristics of soils formed from Volcanic Ash in Lembang area, West Java is still rare. The aim of this study is to determine micromorphological characteristics of soils on Volcanic Ash in Lembang area. About 16 Kubiena boxes soil samples from three representative soil profiles were analyzed to determine their micromorphological characteristics. Results of thin sections indicated that the soils show most horizons of the soils developed on volcanic ash have granular microstructures. The coarse/fine (c/f) materials related distribution pattern of the soils is open porphyric. The coarse materials found in the soils are generally dominated by hornblende. Some fresh rock fragments are clearly identified and are generally composed of feldspar, hornblende, and hyperstene. The fine materials of most horizons are brown to dark brown, dotted to stipple-speckled clay and showing undifferentiated b-fabric. The main organic materials observed in the profiles are plant root residues of fine to coarse size and are filled by excrement of soil animals. Weathering of rock fragments and mineral alteration are the most common pedofeatures. The high amount fresh ferromagnesian minerals and the granular microstructures indicated that the soils have high nutrient reserves and high pore spaces supporting for plant growth and development.
Properties of peat soil formed in lacustrine plains surrounded by tectonic hills in Papua Highland
Authors: Barus P A , Hati D P , Yatno E
Published: February 2021

Peat soils in Papua highlands are unique because they formed in lacustrine plains surrounded by tectonic hills. However, there is no information about the characteristics of these peat soils. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess properties of these specific peat soils. Four selected peat soils located at an altitude between 1548 to 1782 m asl were studied for their morphology. A total of 16 samples were taken for analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that peat soils were derived from reed-sedges and ferns. The ash content in extremely deep peat soils is 42-337 mg kg−1, while moderate peat soils are 179 to 648 mg kg−1. Soil acidity ranges from very acid to slightly acid. Base saturation is classified as low to moderate (30 to 62%). These peat soils received Ca and Al enrichment from the surrounding tectonic hills. Interesting findings in these soils are high exchangeable Ca (21.11 to 42.62 cmolc kg−1) and high potential P (13 to 1,104 mg kg−1). Chemical properties of peat soils in Papua are more fertile in highlands than lowland with implication of lower input application in the highland. The exchangeable Al should be considered when these peat soils are cleared for agriculture.
The in-situ inventory of natural enemies at the corn plantation experimental garden of Balitsereal (Indonesian Cereal Research Institute)
Authors: Saenong M S , Arrahman A , Lestari S P , Permatasari F
Published: February 2021

The use of natural enemies can reduce the application of insecticides which have a negative influence on ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study is to inventory the insitu of the natural enemies in corn crops that found in the experimental station of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (Balitsereal) in Maros, South Sulawesi. The observation plot used three replications by taking a sample of 30 plants for each replication, with a total plant observation of 90 units per block. The number of natural enemy populations obtained was recorded by counting the number of natural enemies to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations contained in the observation plot. The results showed that there were 11 types of natural enemies in corn crops namely Harmonia octomaculata (lady beetle), Menochilus sexmaculatus (lady beetle), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel) (ground beetle), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (plant bug), Panstenon nr. Collaris Boucek (wasp), Araneus inustus (orb spider), Cardiochiles philippinensis (wasp), Phanerotoma sp. (wasp), Pipunculus mutillatus (big-headed fly), Harpalus pensylvanicus and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The existance of the above natural enemies will be very usefull in decreasing the pesticide application in the fields.
Planting time optimization on tidal agricultural land
Authors: Adi S H , Trinugroho M W , Sosiawan H , Aprilyanto A , Baroto A
Published: February 2021

Tidal agricultural land (TAL) is a marginal farming field that is highly available but yet to be optimized in Indonesia. Productivity enhancement of TAL is achievable through agriculture technologies, but water management is the key solution to TAL main problems, i.e. flood and drought cycle. The main objective of this research was to predict tidal cycle for available planting time optimization in TAL. Research was conducted on 100 hectares TAL in Jejangkit, Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan, with the Alalak river become the main subject of the hydrodynamics monitoring. Watershed water balance simulation model run on 10-day interval was utilized to predict the tidal cycle with 4 input parameters including water-level, precipitation, percolation, and evapotranspiration. The prediction result showed that the available planting months in Jejangkit TAL was about 8 months, between the first or second 10-day of May and third 10-day of January or first 10-day of February (calibration and validation R2 were 0.78 and 0.92, respectively). On-field validation in Jejangkit recorded flood event started during the third 10-day of January 2020, which indicated that the prediction was reliable. This result shows that tidal cycle could be simulated using watershed water balance model to assist farmers on TAL’s productivity enhancement.
Multistoried agroforestry system of Gaharu (Gyrinops verstegii (Gilg.) Domke) in Flores Island East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Iryadi R , Sutomo  , Darma I D P
Published: February 2021

Flores is one of islands that the producing agarwood from Gyrinops verstegii (Gilg.) Domke. The plant population in nature has been threatened due to over extraction and poaching. Therefore, the plant is cultivated in a cropping system with other crops by some local communities. This study examined the agroforestry pattern of agarwood cultivation in Flores. The purposive sampling plots (20m x 20m) were used to record the composition and structure of vegetation, as well as the environmental conditions in five districts (East Manggarai, Nagekeo, Ende, Sikka, and East Flores) of Flores. The agroforestry species of agarwood in the study areas consisted of 23 species. Cacao, Robusta coffee, clove, and coconut were the most dominant species in agroforestry patterns of Gyrinops verstegii plantation. The growing of agarwood in the intercropping patterns with estate crops in agroforestry conditions in Flores Island should be maintained to sustain its production. This study could have an implication as to inform conservation managers to maintain agarwood sustainability and thus further study is required to improve a better cropping system of the agarwood under the natural conditions of Flores Island.
Flood vulnerability impact for food estate potential in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Muhardiono I , Hamdani A
Published: February 2021

Provision of agricultural land to support food security has criteria including optimal crop productivity, adequate intensity, guaranteed water availability (surface water and groundwater) and environmental conditions that are secured to damage (conservation). Food estate in Central Kalimantan will be allocated 30,000 ha or 300 km2 in 2020. Since the land allocation for food estate are existed near main rivers, environmental aspect from hydrological issue becomes one major aspect that must be considered. This study assesses potential rice field by using GIS and two dimensional unsteady hydrological model simulation due to flood prone area. Based on this model, vulnerable area could be measured by quantitative method in order to prevent losses act. The results show where composition of existing land use in upstream of each watershed (Barito, Kahayan, Kapuas River Basin) give different maximum peak discharge based on hydrograph curve of each zone of food estate area targeted. Food estate of 30,000 ha overall has less index of vulnerability of flood hazard, where 9% of its total area inundated by Q50 years return period discharge.
Technology innovation implementation for increasing rice cropping index on swampland of Riau Province
Authors: Fahri A , Yusuf R , Anggraini R S , Salwati
Published: February 2021

Swampland will be the foundation of future food security, because irrigated paddy fields are very vulnerable to the land transfer functions, as happened on the Island of Java. Swampland has considerable potential to develop into food-based agriculture land in support of national food security. Swampland is divided into two types, namely: 1) tidal swamp and 2) waterlogged swamp. Land reclamation from tidal swamps for rice field in Riau province, covering an area of 80,868 ha, with low productivity at around 3.5 to 4.5 t ha−1 and average cropping index (CI) 100. This study aims to examine the application of technological innovation to improvement of rice cropping index. Referring to rice potential planting calendar of Riau Province, the planting season on rainy season 2019/2020 (October 2019 - March 2020) and the average rice cropping index of dry season 2020 were 171.49 percent. The application of Jarwo Super Planting Calendar of Rice crop productivity reached 5.73 t ha−1.
Salinity of paddy field in main landforms in Indramayu Regency, West Java
Authors: Hikmat M , Yatno E , Suryani E
Published: February 2021

One of the main problems of paddy field in Indramayu is the high level of salinity. Paddy fields in Indramayu Regency are located around the North Coast. This area is dominated by the alluvial, fluvio-marine, and marine landforms groups. This study aims to examine the relationship between soil salinity and the type of landform. A total of 102 soil samples on paddy soils were taken and analyzed in the laboratory to obtain soil salinity data. The average of soil salinity value in each landform was compared with one another. Several litho-sequent transects were constructed to observe the pattern of salinity distribution and two soil profiles were observed to confirm the soil forming material. The soils in the marine landform group had the highest salinity, followed by the fluvio-marine and alluvial group, with a mean value was 390.6 mg.L-1, 141.0 mg.L-1, and 61.9 mg.L-1, respectively. The salinity of soils developed from marine deposit is higher than alluvium deposit. The closer distance to coastline makes the possibility of higher sea water intrusion, causing higher soil salinity. The landform approach in estimating soil salinity level is very useful, making it easier to find effective land management to reduce negative impacts on paddy field.
Agronomic tolerance changes of soybean genotypes under waterlogged condition
Authors: Krisnawati A , Nuryati  , Adie M M
Published: February 2021

Stress from excess water is one of the most harmful limiting factors in soybean production during the wet season. This research aimed to study the response of soybean genotypes to waterlogging. Ten soybean genotypes were grown in the screen-house of the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Malang, Indonesia. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. Waterlogging treatment was imposed at 10 days after planting (dap) for 30 days. Changes in the normal environment to waterlogging directly influence the agronomic character’s performance of soybean plants. Soybean agronomic characters including shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, the number of reproductive branches, plant height, and number of pods per plant were most severely affected by waterlogging, and contribute to the seed yield reduction. Waterlogging during vegetative phase reduced seed yield by 93.82% (14.89 g plant−1 in normal condition to 0.86 g plant−1 in waterlogged soil). Wilis variety produced high yield in both normal and stressed environments, hence, it is categorized as tolerant to waterlogging in the vegetative phase. Sinabung and G511H/0815-2-4-49 are considered as susceptible genotypes due to the highest yield reduction.
Vague property status and future risk of mangroves: lesson learned from South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Suharti S , Andadari L , Yeny I , Yuniati D , Agustarini R
Published: February 2021

Mangrove forest management in South Sulawesi is challenging due to jurisdictional boundaries to biophysical processes, resource characteristics, and community development dynamics. The research aims to study the future risk of mangrove forest management growing on accretion land due to its vague status. Data and information were collected through in-depth interviews involving 17 key-informants selected by using the snowball method. Mangrove forest in the research site grows on accretion land, and it was classified as state property with Common Pool Resources (CPR) characteristics. Late attendance of the Indonesian government has instigated the “de jure” status of accretion land becomes illegitimate as the local community does not recognize it as state property. The situation leads to the ambiguity of mangrove forest property status, resulting in multilayer property formulation for several products/services/benefits generated. Several strategies to prevent its transformation into other usages are proposed, i.e., (a) improve the community understanding of the economic value of mangrove resource and risk if vanished; (b) strengthening and intensive socialization of regulations both at the local and higher-level; and (c) providing legal access for the community to manage mangrove forest through the development of Social Forestry Program in the area.
The effect of sheet-pipe technology aplication on soil properties, rice growth, yield and prospect to increase planting index
Authors: Sasmita P , Agustiani N , Margaret S , Yusup A M , Tamura K
Published: February 2021

Sheet pipe technology is a drainage and irrigation underground system. This study aimed to understand the effect of sheet pipe technology on growth, yield and prospect to increase planting index (PI) on irrigated rice field. The research conducted in Sukamandi Experimental Station, West Java on 2019 to 2020. It used nested design with five replications. First was water management as nested factor, i.e.: Sheet pipe and (2) no sheet pipe. Second was cropping system, i.e.: (1) paddy–paddy, (2) paddy–paddy–soybean, (3) paddy–paddy–paddy, using Inpari 43 GSR Agritan. The result shown that (1) The effect of sheet pipe was strongly influenced by the season, especially in the dry season. (2) Sheet pipe supported better tiller ability, leaf area index, biomass, plant height, root volume, number of panicle per hill, number of grains per panicle and yield. (3) Increasing PI from two to three using sheet pipe technology could increase the total yield by 11.54% (paddy-paddy-soybean) and 26.94% (paddy-paddy-paddy) compared with no sheet pipe. Meanwhile, the paddy-paddy also provided total yield of 10.86% compared with no sheet pipe, and (4) Sheet pipe increased soil pH, bacterial aerobic, rhizobium and nitrogen fixing bacteria, and soil respiration.
The potential of plant growth-promoting microbes from South Kalimantan acid sulfate soil in enhancing the growth of rice plants
Authors: Yuniarti E , Surono  , Nurjaya  , Susilowati D N
Published: February 2021

Rhizobacteria and dark septa endophytic (DSE) fungi isolated from indigenous plant of acid sulfate soil (ASS) in South Kalimantan has potency as an adaptive plant growth promoter. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of the rhizobacteria and DSE in improving swamp rice growth in ASS. Inpara 2 rice variety was used in greenhouse experiment using randomized complete design. Inoculants and compost were applied to the potential ASS-filled pot. The observed parameters were plant height, tillers number, rice straw and root weight, as well as root length. The plant height at 14 and 21 days after transplanting (DAT) was significantly higher in three rhizobacteria treatments over three DSEs and uninoculated treatment. All rhizobacteria significantly increased tiller number, rice straw and root weight, and length compared to control. The DSE GS1-2 significantly improved tiller number, as well as, root weight, and length over control. Rhizobacterium KM19.2 revealed highest effect on rice straw fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight and length. Rhizobacterium PD5.3.1 produced highest plant height at 14, 21, and 56 DAT as well as, tiller number and root dry weight. Therefore, the rhizobacteria and DSE GS1-2 could be used as a promising bio-fertilizer for improving swamp rice growth in ASS.
Farmers’ perception towards water and soil management in the irrigated paddy field in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Wasito  , Hanifah V W , Sukardi
Published: February 2021

Integrated Crop Management (ICM) had been introduced in North Sumatra Province since 2002. This study aimed to explore how farmers’ perception on intermittent irrigation and balanced fertilization of ICM. The assessment was obtained using cross-sectional and field survey in Serdang Bedagai and Deli Serdang Regency. Primary data were initially collected through observation toward community surrounding the watershed. The farmer respondents were selected purposively based on their roles as innovators or early adopters. Secondary data was collected from the review of previous studies. The results showed that after its first introduction in 2002, most farmers had not applied intermittent irrigation and balanced fertilization such as the use of compost and leaf colour chart (BWD) in farming practice. Farmers perception was low regarding technological characteristics that did not correspond with adoption level. High understanding on complexity, comparative advantage, and compatibility were not followed by high level of adoption, resulting innovation dissonance to occur. Farmers in downstream area were unsatisfied of irrigation institution (P3A) particularly in dry season. Therefore, it is recommended to consider institutional (P3A) approach to stimulate behaviour changes among farmers in surrounding watershed area despite hard effort to do so.
Farming land management on potato cultivation in sloping upland
Authors: Arifin Z , Hermanto C , Dewi I R
Published: February 2021

This study aim was to obtain a potato farming conservation technology package that can increase productivity and income of potato farming, and to reduce soil erosion rate. The research had been conducted at area of 15,000 m2 in the sloping upland of Tosari Village - Tosari Subdistrict - Pasuruan during the dry season of 2016. The experiment was designed in randomized block, consisting of 3 treatments of conservation agronomic practices with 4 replicates. The treatments: (1) improved technology package (uni-directional slope beds and ridges contour, combined with green leeks + Setaria Sp. feed grass + recommended fertilizer); (2) agreed technology package (uni-directional slope beds and ridges contour, combined with green leeks, and agreed fertilizer); and (3) farmer’s technology package (uni-directional slope beds, combined with green leeks, and farmer fertilizer). The results showed that the weight of potato tubers 14.17 t ha−1 (increased 49,94%) and leek 0.84 t ha−1 and the pruning of Setaria grass 117 kg ha−1, while the agreed technology the increased of potato tubers weight by 41,05% compared to the farmer’s technology package of 9.45 t ha−1. Application of improved technology obtained the highest profit of Rp. 23,103,500 (equal to 1,714.80 USD), R/C 1.51, and efficiency of chemical fertilizers.
The effect of POME application on production and yield components of oil palm in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: H R Pujono , Kukuh S , Evizal R , Afandi  , Rahmat A
Published: February 2021

Oil palm plant is one of the plantation crops that become the largest foreign exchange income in the national economy. But the lack of information regarding Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) deserves serious attention since POME utilization could support plant growth and production and reduce the environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of POME land application in increasing the production and yield components of oil palm crops. This study was conducted in PTPN VII, Bekri Unit, Lampung, Indonesia, from April to August 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Group Design (CRGD) with three replicates while the difference in mean values between treatments was analysed using the Independent T-Test. This research results showed that the POME applied land could increase the total FFB number up to 40% significance with 38 harvested FFB per month. While, the total FFB weight increased up to 44% significance with 791,3 kg/38 FFB per month. The results of this study showed that POME applied land could be advantageous to be applied on oil palm plantation and could reduce environmental pollution.
Improving the quality of acid soils to increase soybean yields and farmer’s incomes
Authors: Endriani  , Rivaie A A , Barus J , Meithasari D , Asnawi R
Published: February 2021

Lampung Province has a great potency for increasing national soybean production, although most of the area is occupied by the acid dry land soils. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of three different packages of soybean cultivation technology on soybean growth and yield, the cropping index, and the farmers’ income on an acid dry land soil of East Lampung. The experiments tested three packages of soybean cultivation technology, namely Local Farmer Technology, Site Specific Technology, and Recommended Technology. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 10 replications. The results showed that soybean yield of the Site Specific Technology was 1.33 t ha−1, which was significantly higher than that of the Local Farmer Technology, with a yield of 0.78 t ha−1. Meanwhile, the yield of the Recommended Technology was 1.26 t ha−1, which was not significantly different from the yield of the Site Specific Technology. There was increases in soybean yield and income by 66 and 30% with the application of the Site Specific Technology compared with the application of the Local Farmer Technology. Therefore, the Site Specific Technology might be recommended for increasing soybean production, especially in Lampung.
The productivity of forage crops as pasture in ex coal mining land during the rainy season
Authors: Harmini H , Sajimin  , Fanindi A
Published: February 2021

Due to the reduction in fertile land availability, ex coal-mining land can be used to produce animal feed plant (AFP). The objective of this study is to determine the productivity of grass for grazing areas planted in ex-coal mining land. Soil samples were chemically analyzed by the Soil Research Institute. The design used was a randomized block design (RBD), with plant varieties for treatment, namely B. humidicola (A), C. dactilon (B), P. notatum, (C) S. secundatum (D) and P. purpurium cv Mott (E). Plant grass each in plots measuring 5 x 7 m, and repeated three times with spacing of 0.5 x 0.5 m. The results showed that plant varieties had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the production of biomass (grams plot−1) and plant height (cm). The highest production and grass height were P. purpureum cv Mott with a production of 52,716.57 ± 6,366.12 g plot−1 and 104.26 ± 2.46 (cm). It is concluded that P. purpureum cv Mott has the potential to be developed as a pasture grass in ex-coal mining land.
Adaptive technology for soybean varieties cultivation in dry season
Authors: Haryati Y , Sari R , Noviana I , Sunandar N
Published: February 2021

Rainfed lowland is a potential physical resource for soybean development to increase the cropping index. The study aimed to optimize the rainfed paddy fields by introducing a package which has several recommended technologies in a limited amount of water condition. The study was conducted in Sanca Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency from July to September 2019. The treatment was a recommended technologies package in soybean farming. The observed variables were plant height and number of branches in three growth phases, namely vegetative phase, flowering phase and maturing phase. The yield components were also observed. The collected data were analyzed by using t-test with technical cultivation of farmers’ ways as a comparison. The results showed that the recommended technology package for soybean cultivation in the dry season produced higher soybean productivity (1.25 t ha−1). Cultivation of soybeans in the dry season in rainfed lowland areas must pay attention to the suitability of varieties and availability of water sources in an effort to achieve optimal production.
Effect of peanut intercropping and mycorrhiza in increasing yield of sweet corn yield
Authors: Wangiyana W , Farida N , Ngawit I K
Published: February 2021

Many researchers reported that mycorrhizal symbiosis could significantly increase crop yield. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of mycorrhiza and intercropping with two peanut varieties on growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted following paddy rice crop in Dasan Tebu, West Lombok, Indonesia, in the dry season 2018 and designed according to Split Plot design with four replications and two treatment factors, i.e. application of mycorrhiza-based biofertilizer as the main plots (M0 = without and M1=with mycorrhiza) and intercropping with peanut as the subplots (T0 = without intercropping, T1 = intercropping with peanut var. “Kelinci”, and T2 = intercropping with peanut var. “Bison”). The sweet corn cobs were harvested at the dough maturity stage. Results indicated that application of biofertilizer significantly increased stover dry weight, cob fresh weight, and number of green leaves per plant at harvest. Intercropping with peanuts also affected those observation variables and the height of ear position in the stem, and the “Bison” peanut variety was better than “Kelinci”. Although showing no significant interaction, intercropping with “Bison” did show higher benefits of biofertilization on both dry stover and fresh sweet corn cob weights than those with “Kelinci” variety.
Developing sustainable smallholders of cinnamon by intercropping of patchouli and coffee in Kerinci, Jambi
Authors: Permadi R A , Nurdebyandaru N , Wahyudi A
Published: February 2021

Cinnamon is one of the spices traded in the international market, Indonesia supplies about 40-50%, and the others come from China, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Smallholders mostly conduct the main cinnamon central productions of cinnamon in The Regency of Kerinci, The Province of Jambi, and The Province of West Sumatera. The problem of cinnamon is harvested from the bark, so it should be cut out of the trunk and must wait more than seven years to harvest. In the case of higher prices, it encourages farmers to harvest more rapidly and expand, so that there are extensive planting and encouraging smallholders to extend shifting cultivation, thereby threatening the sustainability of land resources. The review aimed to addressed possibilities in encouraging farmers to plant patchouli and coffee intercropped with the cinnamon trees to sustain the land resources and increase farmers income. Patchouli and coffee are high economic value crops that common cultivated in Jambi Province, patchouli can be quickly harvested and coffee requires shade. The study suggest that using patchouli and coffee in cinnamon smallholders as an intercrop plant is expected to be more sustainable not only from environmental but also from a social and economic perspective.
Turiman innovation dissemination strategy to improve cropping index
Authors: Purnamayani R , Mardiharini M , Syahbuddin H
Published: February 2021

The main issue related to the role of innovations in the production of food crops is the lower adoption process, including in the cropping index innovation. One of the innovations in cropping index is the intercropping system of rice namely Turiman. The study aimed was to (1) analyze the factors that influence the process of Turiman innovation dissemination and (2) to formulate an alternate innovation dissemination strategy. The study was conducted through a survey approach in five provinces (Java and Outside Java) in Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The number of respondents (n) was 56 farmers. Data analysis was performed descriptively and inferential using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicated that farmers interested in the culture technology components of the Turiman system, especially in the preparation and maintenance stages (indicated by higher loading factor values) than the technology components of harvest and post-harvest. The fit model has a value of AVE >0.5, CR >0.7, and R2 = 82.80% (good). The future strategy needs to consider the support of the local government, farmers’ access to production facilities, capital, markets, and the dynamics of farmer groups.
Optimal irrigation at various soil types for soybean production
Authors: Suriadi A , Zulhaedar F , Nazam M , Hipi A
Published: February 2021

Water distribution officials at the secondary level mostly have not considered type of soil to distribute water irrigation for soybean cultivation. This study aimed to determine the optimal irrigation for soybean production at various soil types in Lombok. The study was conducted in 3 texture soil types of sandy loam, loam and clay. Each soil type was applied four treatments of irrigation water: 1 time (15 days after sowing, DAS); 2 times (15 and 45 DAS); 3 times (15, 30 and 45 DAS) and 4 times (15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS) and arranged in a completely randomized block design and repeated five times. The results showed that the highest soybean yield was obtained 4 times irrigation in sandy loam soil. In loam soil type, the highest yield of soybean was obtained at 4 times although this was not significantly different with 3 times irrigation. In clay soil type, the highest soybean yield was obtained at 4 times irrigation treatment, but this was almost a similar yield with 3 times irrigation treatments. The study suggests that schedule water delivery for soybean cultivation is recommended to increase soybean production in irrigated land.
Innovation of chili and shallot technology in supporting to development of horticultural commodities of dry land with dry climate (case study in Sugian Village, Sambelia Subdistrict, East Lombok District)
Authors: Hayati N Q , Sulistyaningrum A , Kiloes A M , Prabawati S , Adnan
Published: February 2021

Horticultural technology innovation is needed for agricultural development to fulfil nutrition and increase economic value. The research objectives were (1) Obtaining data on the socio-economic characteristics of agriculture on dry land, (2) Analyzing vegetable farming on dry land and (3) Identifying potential development of vegetables on dry land with a dry climate. The number of respondents was 31 peoples. Application of low external input technology for intercropping chili with shallots on dry land, carried out with farmer groups and extension workers on co-operators farmer lands. The results showed that intercropping between chili and tobacco was feasible with feasibility level of the R/C ratio was 3.01. Through this technology, the chili productivity was 10.67 t ha−1 and there is an additional of the yield of shallots one crop with the productivity of 17.33 t ha−1 of wet bulbs. Average productivity per ha for cayenne pepper is 6-7 t ha−1, while the average wet bulb productivity was 15 t ha−1 for sub-optimal land. This means that the application of horticultural technology on dry land can increase the productivity of cayenne pepper and shallots by 64.1 and 15.53%, respectively. Intercropping between chili and shallot is the best choice for chili cultivation on dry land.
The reappearance of the early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus in Java’s sugarcane
Authors: Wijayanti K S , Garusti  , Asbani N
Published: February 2021

Chilo infuscatellus is one of the earliest identified and reported borer species from Java’s sugarcane. The study aimed to describe the composition and distribution of the shoot borer species attacking young sugarcane plants. Field surveys were conducted in 19 sampling sites in the sugarcane fields in Malang, Kediri and Pati. The plant samples with dead heart symptoms were taken from fields to the laboratory to be observed the borer’s attacks and identified the species. The finding of C. infuscatellus in all field samples confirmed that this species did not disappear from the sugarcane crop in Java. Along with this borer, other borer species had been discovered, namely C. sacchariphagus, C. auricilius, Tetramoera schistaceana, Scirpophaga excerptalis and Sesamia inferens. Further study needs to be done to investigate the borer distribution across sugarcane producing regions along with its potential loss due to the borer infestation.
Effect of chlorpyriphos in the soil on the onion cultivation and its declining
Authors: Kurnia A , Dewi I F , Makmur R F , Sarwoto  , Harsanti E S
Published: February 2021

The use of chlorpyriphos to control the pest attack on onion is high. In certain concentrations, the chlorpyriphos is potentially toxic both to plant and soil organisms. It is important to know the effect of pesticide residue on the crop as supporting data to determine maximum residue limits in soil. This study aims were to 1) determine the effect of chlorpyriphos residues in the soil on the growth of onion 2) determine the effect of chlorpyriphos residues on pest attacks and onion damage 3) determine the level of declining of chlorpyriphos in the soil. The study was conducted in June-August 2018 at the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute by using a lysimeter as a test site. This study using nine lysimeter plots where 6 plots were polluted with 100 ppm of insecticides formulation solution with active ingredients chlorpyriphos and 3 plots were not polluted. The results showed that contamination of 100 ppm of insecticides formulations with active ingredients of chlorpyriphos into the soil did not inhibit the growth of onion plants, pest attack, and damage. Chlorpyriphos insecticide residue was still detected on the soil on day 7th with a decrease rate of 65.77 % and day 30th with a decrease rate of 99.63 %.