bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Negative Stigma through the Use of Media Technology by Librarians with Blind Disabilities
Authors: Sabarina Gustiana , Valentino Rahmat Alifin , Ramdani Alwan Husni
Published: February 2024

This research examines the efforts of librarians with visual disabilities to remove negative stigma from society. Research focus on the use of technological media by librarians with visual disabilities to eliminate the negative stigma towards blind people who are considered unable to use technological media. Previous studies agree that every librarian's activities require visual support in all their work. The use of technological media by librarians with disabilities is a social construction of technology as an effort to change social relations in society. This research aims to find out how the use of technological media by librarians with visual disabilities in eliminating the negative stigma. This research uses a qualitative methodology with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews. The data obtained is explained through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and verification. Librarians with visual disabilities have the skills to operate technological media with the help of special software for blind people. Skills in using technological media are demonstrated to users who come to the library. Skills in using technological media supported by special software are demonstrated by blind librarians to users with the aim of changing the negative stigma that assumes that people with disabilities cannot use technological media in their activities. The use of technological media by librarians with disabilities is a socio-technological construction and an adaptation strategy to change their relationship with the social environment.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) Digital untuk Pemasaran Ikan Skala Mikro : Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Leonardi Aska , Sjafri Aida Vitayala , Saleh Amiruddin , Fatchiya Ana
Published: February 2024

Ikan adalah komoditas yang mudah rusak, sehingga dibutuhkan waktu yang cepat untuk sampai ke konsumen. Namun, banyak kendala yang dialami dalam pemasaran ikan skala mikro, semisal akses pasar, hambatan alam termasuk jarak dan waktu tempuh, hambatan kelembagaan termasuk pembatasan hukum untuk masuk, tarif, dan kuota. Kajian ini dilakukan dalam rangka menggambarkan kondisi terkini penelitian-penelitian tentang pemanfaatan TIK digital dalam pemasaran ikan skala mikro sehingga dapat merekomendasikan suatu hasil kajian tentang komunikasi pemasaran digital pada usaha perikanan skala mikro di masa mendatang. Telaah ini menggunakan metode literatur review, dengan menganalisis 22 artikel jurnal berbasis pencarian kata kunci yang relevan. Seluruh artikel kemudian dianalisis, dan dideskripsikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adopsi ponsel terutama dilihat dari perspektif ekonomis, dapat berdampak pada peningkatan efisiensi pasar. Fokus utama yang menjadi peluang untuk menyumbang konsep komunikasi pemasaran ikan skala mikro adalah penelitian mengenai adopsi pemasar ikan skala mikro dalam menggunakan TIK digital.
Graduate certificate on risk analysis for the Agrifood sector at the University of Buenos Aires
Authors: Vicién Carmen , Rubinstein Clara
Published: February 2024

Argentina has an extensive experience in the biosafety assessment of transgenic crops. The regulatory framework celebrated 30 years of existence in 2021 and has pioneered the establishment of the biosafety systems in Latin America. During this period, Argentina’s regulatory framework evolved to keep up with the advancements in plant and animal biotechnology and in risk assessment criteria, as new knowledge and experience was being gained. However, despite the country’s agricultural tradition and experience in the adoption of innovations by the productive sector, dedicated, formal academic offerings training is lacking and this is also true for most countries in the world. Responding to this perceived need and going beyond biotechnology to include other regulated inputs used along the food production chain (chemicals, biologics, food additives, etc.), we developed a program to introduce graduates from diverse disciplines to the principles and practice of Risk Analysis (Assessment, Management and Communication) with focus on the Agrifood sector. In 2020, the School for Graduate Students of the School of Agriculture—University of Buenos Aires, approved two Certificates on Risk Analysis for the Agrifood Sector: Conceptual Bases of Risk Analysis and Methodological Tools. The first edition of the certificates was completed in December 2022 and the second one is presently ongoing. The fundaments, rationale, structure and objectives of these certificates are presented.
PqsA mutation-mediated enhancement of phage-mediated combat against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Su Qiao , Lu Di , Kong Jiuna , Lin Hong , Xuan Guanhua , Wang Jingxue
Published: February 2024

Phage therapy is a potential approach in the biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. However, the emergence of phage resistance and the narrow host range of most phage isolates continue to limit the antimicrobial efficacy of phages. Here, we investigated the potential of the pqsA gene, encoding the anthranilate-CoA ligase enzyme, as an adjuvant for phage therapy. The knockout of the pqsA gene significantly enhanced the bactericidal effect of phages vB_Pae_QDWS and vB_Pae_S1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Under phage infection pressure, the growth of the PaΔpqsA was significantly inhibited within 8 h compared to the wild-type PAO1. Furthermore, we found that altering phage adsorption is not how PaΔpqsA responds to phage infection. Although pqsA represents a promising target for enhancing phage killing, it may not be applicable to all phages, such as types vB_Pae_W3 and vB_Pae_TR. Our findings provide new material reserves for the future design of novel phage-based therapeutic strategies.
Human-elephant conflict in the African rainforest landscape: crop-raiding situations and damage mitigation strategies in rural Gabon
Authors: Matsuura Naoki , Nomoto Mayuko , Terada Saeko , Yobo Christian Mikolo , Memiaghe Hervé Roland , Moussavou Guy-Max
Published: February 2024

While the conservation of forest elephants is a global concern, human-elephant conflict (HEC), especially crop-raiding by elephants, is a serious threat to both human livelihoods and conservation efforts. However, only a few studies have explored elephant crop-raiding and related damage mitigation strategies in Central Africa’s forest landscapes, which are characterized by low human and high animal densities and shifting cultivation practices. This study investigates HEC in rural Gabon, where human activities are limited, and local livelihoods are severely threatened by crop-raiding elephants. Through long-term ethnographic research and an in-depth analysis of damage mitigation practices by local people, the study unveils serious crop-raiding by elephants, leading to a significant change in the local lifestyle. Most households spend the majority of days in the field protecting crops, resulting in the village becoming almost empty. In addition to the physical burden of staying in poor living conditions, there is a considerable psychological burden for local people. Establishing effective elephant conservation systems requires understanding each local situation and evaluating the various costs to local people. To sustain livelihoods and address the challenge of HEC, it is crucial for local communities and various stakeholders to act collectively.
Outcomes of COMBO therapy for severe mitral regurgitation compared with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroaki , Ruf Tobias Friedrich , Gößler Theresa Ann Maria , Geyer Martin , Zirbs Julia , Schwidtal Ben Luca , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan
Published: February 2024

Background

There are different types of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) currently in clinical use, including leaflet approximation, annular cinching, and restoration of the chordal apparatus of the mitral valve (MV). While the concomitant combination (COMBO) therapy of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) with another TMVr concept has been proven feasible, potentially offering patient-tailored treatment for severe mitral regurgitation (MR), a comparison with M-TEER alone has not been made.

Aims

To evaluate the procedural and clinical outcome of COMBO therapies compared with M-TEER alone.

Methods

We included consecutive patients undergoing COMBO and M-TEER between March 2015 and April 2018 at our Heart Valve Center, while excluding patients presenting a case of redo or with previous MV surgery. Procedural outcomes and all-cause mortality were compared between COMBO therapy vs. M-TEER alone.

Results

A total of 357 patients (mean age 78.9 ± 7.0 years, 53.2% male, M-TEER n = 322, COMBO n = 35; COMBO: MitraClip and the Carillon mitral contour system n = 26, MitraClip and Cardioband n = 5, and MitraClip and NeoChord n = 4) were analyzed. Patients with COMBO therapy had larger left chamber sizes, a lower left ventricular systolic ejection fraction (LVEF; COMBO: 37.4 ± 13.8%, M-TEER: 47.9 ± 14.3%, p < 0.001), and a more severe MR grade (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of residual MR ≧2+. However, the need for re-intervention, always employing M-TEER, was more common in the COMBO group. During a mean 3.6-year long-term follow-up, there was no significant difference of all-cause mortality between both groups (Log rank p = 0.921).

Conclusions

COMBO therapy may still be a beneficial therapy option for patients with severe MR who already have a more dilated left ventricle (LV), a more severe MR, and a more pronounced LV systolic dysfunction. The higher need for re-intervention in the COMBO group may signal more complex anatomies and possibly underlines the necessity of treating significant MR earlier. Future research is required to establish the COMBO approach as a toolbox-like treatment option, thus offering a patient-tailored approach depending on the individual anatomy and pathology.
Development and validation of mortality prediction models for heart transplantation using nutrition-related indicators: a single-center study from China
Authors: Qian Shirui , Cao Bingxin , Li Ping , Dong Nianguo
Published: February 2024

Objective

We sought to develop and validate a mortality prediction model for heart transplantation (HT) using nutrition-related indicators, which clinicians could use to identify patients at high risk of death after HT.

Method

The model was developed for and validated in adult participants in China who received HT between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. 428 subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. The likelihood-ratio test based on Akaike information was used to select indicators and develop the prediction model. The performance of models was assessed and validated by area under the curve (AUC), C-index, calibration curves, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement.

Result

The mean (SD) age was 48.67 (12.33) years and mean (SD) nutritional risk index (NRI) was 100.47 (11.89) in the derivation cohort. Mortality after HT developed in 66 of 299 patients in the derivation cohort and 28 of 129 in the validation cohort. Age, NRI, serum creatine, and triglyceride were included in the full model. The AUC of this model was 0.76 and the C statistics was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.67–0.78) in the derivation cohort and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62–0.81) in the validation cohort. The multivariable model improved integrated discrimination compared with the reduced model that included age and NRI (6.9%; 95% CI, 1.8%–15.1%) and the model which only included variable NRI (14.7%; 95% CI, 7.4%–26.2%) in the derivation cohort. Compared with the model that only included variable NRI, the full model improved categorical net reclassification index both in the derivation cohort (41.8%; 95% CI, 9.9%–58.8%) and validation cohort (60.7%; 95% CI, 9.0%–100.5%).

Conclusion

The proposed model was able to predict mortality after HT and estimate individualized risk of postoperative death. Clinicians could use this model to identify patients at high risk of postoperative death before HT surgery, which would help with targeted preventative therapy to reduce the mortality risk.
Identifying major phases in the use of land, energy and changing landscapes by agrarian societies (7,000 cal BP-Present) in Cantabrian Spain, based on cultural changes and anthropogenic signals
Authors: Martinez Alexandre , Zapolska Anhelina , Arthur Frank , Verhagen Philip , Kluiving Sjoerd , Muñoz-Rojas José , Borja Barrera César , Fraile Jurado Pablo
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Enacting transitions toward more sustainable management and use of land, energy, and natural resources poses multiple challenges for human societies. Such transitions have been a constant throughout human history and therefore there is a need to learn from them and apply that knowledge to current land-use policies and management. Significant human impact on landscape and environment in Cantabrian Spain has been documented in alignment with the Neolithization (ca. 7,000 cal BP). While the classic approach of identifying cultural phases based on historical and archaeological data has been extensively studied, much less is understood on how such phases are dependent upon increasing anthropogenic influence on the environment.

Methods

Cantabrian Spain is well-known for its long mining history. Key processes historically shaping landscapes in the region include the implementation of mining/metallurgy industries and extraction of forest resources. These historical processes were characterized, respectively using heavy metal pollution contents (Hg, Zn, Cd, As, Ni, REE, Pb, and 206 Pb/207 Pb) and total arboreal pollen percentages in peat bogs, providing global trends of human impact on the environment. These trends were then compared to climate (temperature and precipitation) and natural vegetation evolution modeling through time.

Results

Results show seven phases of major human impact on the environment: (1) the Copper phase ca. 4,400–4,100 cal BP, (2) the Middle Bronze phase ca. 3,500–3,150 cal BP, (3) the Iron phase ca. 2,800–2,500 cal BP, (4) the Roman phase ca. 2,200–1,750 cal BP, (5) the Medieval phase ca. 1,250–1,000 cal BP, (6) the Colonial phase ca. 650–400 cal BP, and (7) the Industrial phase ca. 150 cal BP-Present.

Discussion

Four phases are tightly related to substantial changes in land use and subsistence strategies: (1) Production, with the appearance of productive economies during the Neolithic, (2) Specialization, with the appearance of specialized activities and trade during the Middle Bronze phase, (3) Urbanization, with the first urban centers during the Roman phase, and (4) Globalization, with worldwide colonialism and capitalism economies during the Colonial phase.
Updates in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection in male reproductive and sexual health: a literature review
Authors: Alzahrani Meshari A. , Alkhani Khalid O. , Alassaf Abdullah M. , Alorainy Jehad I. , Binsaleh Saleh , Almannie Raed
Published: February 2024

This extensive comprehensive review explores the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on men’s sexual and reproductive health. We conducted a literature review focusing on the possible pathophysiology by which severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects men’s sexual and reproductive systems. We reviewed most of the studies that reported the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Testicular, Epididymal, Prostatic, and Penile tissue. Also, we focused on evaluating the SARS-CoV-2 infection on semen parameters and male reproductive hormones. Finally, we reviewed the COVID-19 vaccine’s effect on male reproductive and sexual health. Findings revealed the adverse consequences of SARS-CoV-2 at cellular and organ levels on the male genital tract. However, the reported data are still controversial. The initial data regarding COVID-19 vaccination was promising promoted safety for men’s reproductive and sexual health. We conclude this paper by offering recommendations to address these adverse consequences and potentially improve sexual and reproductive health among men in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
Serum fetuin-a and risk of thoracic aortic aneurysms: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhu Jiayi , Guo Xin , Cao Chenghui , Xiao Xuan , Zhu Botao , Weng Shuwei , Hu Die , Luo Yonghong , Wang Shuai , Wu Sha , He Jia , Yang Yang , Peng Daoquan
Published: February 2024

Background

Recent studies have revealed a significant decrease in serum fetuin-A levels in atherosclerotic aneurysms, indicating that fetuin-A may play a protective role in the progression of arterial calcification. However, the specific mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between fetuin-A levels in thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) and risk of TAAs and to evaluate whether this association was causal.

Methods

A total of 26 SNPs were selected as instrumental variables for fetuin-A in 9,055 participants of European ancestry from the CHARGE consortium, and their effects on thoracic aortic aneurysm and decreased descending thoracic aortic diameter were separately estimated in 353,049 and 39,688 individuals from FinnGen consortium. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal association. At the same time, we employed various methods, including random-effects inverse variance weighting, weighted median, MR Egger regression, and MR PRESSO, to ensure the robustness of causal effects. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q value and examined horizontal pleiotropy through MR Egger regression and retention analysis.

Results

Fetuin-A level was associated with a significantly decreasing risk of thoracic aortic aneurysm (odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 - 0.87, P = 0.0044). Genetically predicted fetuin-A was also correlated with the decreased descending thoracic aortic diameter (β = -0.086, standard error (SE) 0.036, P = 0.017).

Conclusions

Serum fetuin-A level was negatively associated with risk of TTAs and correlated with the decreased descending thoracic aortic diameter. Mendelian randomization provides support for the potential causal relationship between fetuin-A and thoracic aortic aneurysm.
Comprehensive evaluation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on sperm parameters and sex hormones
Authors: Dong Yehao , Ba Zaihua , Qin Yining , Ma Jiao , Li Yuqi , Zhang Yingze , Yang Aijun , Chen Fei
Published: February 2024

Background

The inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine has made significant contributions to fighting the epidemic in the past three years. However, the rapid development and application raised concerns about its safety in reproductive health, especially after several studies had observed a decrease in semen parameters following two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thus, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on male fertility.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between July 2021 and March 2023. A total of 409 men with different vaccination status and no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. Their sex hormone levels and semen parameters were evaluated and compared separately.

Results

The levels of FSH and PRL in one-dose vaccinated group were higher than other groups, while there were no significant changes in other sex hormone levels between the control and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated groups. Most semen parameters such as volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility and normal forms were similar before and after vaccination with any single dose or combination of doses (all P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the total motility was significantly decreased after receiving the 1 + 2 doses of vaccine compared to before vaccination (46.90 ± 2.40% vs. 58.62 ± 2.51%; P = 0.001). Fortunately, this parameter was still within the normal range.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that any single dose or different combined doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was not detrimental to male fertility. This information could reassure men who want to conceive after vaccination and be incorporated into future fertility recommendations.
Identification of diagnostic signature, molecular subtypes, and potential drugs in allergic rhinitis based on an inflammatory response gene set
Authors: Dai Jun , Xia Keyu , Huai De , Li Shuo , Zhou Lili , Wang Shoufeng , Chen Li
Published: February 2024

Background

Rhinitis is a complex condition characterized by various subtypes, including allergic rhinitis (AR), which involves inflammatory reactions. The objective of this research was to identify crucial genes associated with inflammatory response that are relevant for the treatment and diagnosis of AR.

Methods

We acquired the AR-related expression datasets (GSE75011 and GSE50223) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In GSE75011, we compared the gene expression profiles between the HC and AR groups and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By intersecting these DEGs with inflammatory response-related genes (IRGGs), resulting in the identification of differentially expressed inflammatory response-related genes (DIRRGs). Afterwards, we utilized the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, machine learning algorithms, namely least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest, to identify the signature markers. We employed a nomogram to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the method, which has been confirmed through validation using GSE50223. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the expression of diagnostic genes in clinical samples. In addition, a consensus clustering method was employed to categorize patients with AR. Subsequently, extensive investigation was conducted to explore the discrepancies in gene expression, enriched functions and pathways, as well as potential therapeutic drugs among these distinct subtypes.

Results

A total of 22 DIRRGs were acquired, which participated in pathways including chemokine and TNF signaling pathway. Additionally, machine learning algorithms identified NFKBIA, HIF1A, MYC, and CCRL2 as signature genes associated with AR’s inflammatory response, indicating their potential as AR biomarkers. The nomogram based on feature genes could offer clinical benefits to AR patients. We discovered two molecular subtypes, C1 and C2, and observed that the C2 subtype exhibited activation of immune- and inflammation-related pathways.

Conclusions

NFKBIA, HIF1A, MYC, and CCRL2 are the key genes involved in the inflammatory response and have the strongest association with the advancement of disease in AR. The proposed molecular subgroups could provide fresh insights for personalized treatment of AR.
TGIF2 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of glioma
Authors: Zhang Wan , Zhang Long , Dong Huanhuan , Peng Hang
Published: February 2024

Background

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), a member of the Three-Amino-acid-Loop-Extension (TALE) superfamily, has been implicated in various malignant tumors. However, its prognostic significance in glioma, impact on tumor immune infiltration, and underlying mechanisms in glioma development remain elusive.

Methods

The expression of TGIF2 in various human normal tissues, normal brain tissues, and gliomas was investigated using HPA, TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases. The study employed several approaches, including Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC analysis, logistic regression, Cox regression, GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and GSEA, to explore the relationship between TGIF2 expression and clinicopathologic features, prognostic value, and potential biological functions in glioma patients. The impact of TGIF2 on tumor immune infiltration was assessed through Estimate, ssGSEA, and Spearman analysis. Genes coexpressed with TGIF2 were identified, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these coexpressed genes were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Hub genes were identified using CytoHubba plugin, and their clinical predictive value was explored. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed by knocking down and knocking out TGIF2 using siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and the role of TGIF2 in glioma cell invasion and migration was analyzed using transwell assay, scratch wound-healing assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot.

Results

TGIF2 mRNA was found to be upregulated in 21 cancers, including glioma. High expression of TGIF2 was associated with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in glioma patients, indicating its potential as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, elevated TGIF2 expression positively correlated with cell cycle regulation, DNA synthesis and repair, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, immune response, and several signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. TGIF2 showed correlations with Th2 cells, macrophages, and various immunoregulatory genes. The hub genes coexpressed with TGIF2 demonstrated significant predictive value. Additionally, in vitro experiments revealed that knockdown and knockout of TGIF2 inhibited glioma cell invasion, migration and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype.

Conclusion

TGIF2 emerges as a potential biomarker for glioma, possibly linked to tumor immune infiltration and EMT.
On-deck vs. laboratory analyses of the sound velocity of sediments from the Huanghai and Bohai seas
Authors: Liu Baohua , Zheng Jiewen , Wang Jingqiang , Sun Lei , Liu Xiaolei
Published: February 2024

One popular method of obtaining the acoustic parameters of seabed sediments is by measuring the sound velocity of sediment samples in a laboratory. However, the effects of environmental variation and physical perturbation on acoustic properties are typically neglected in the application of such measured acoustic parameters. In this study, sediment samples were collected from the Huanghai and Bohai seas to measure sound velocity both on the deck and in the laboratory using a digital sonic measuring system. Additionally, sediment compositions, physical and mechanical properties and microstructures were determined. Sound velocity comparisons between on-deck and laboratory measurements indicate that laboratory-measured velocities are generally higher than those measured on the deck, with differences ranging from 1.45 m/s to 130.05 m/s, due to the water loss and densification of sedimentary particles in laboratory settings. The discrepancy of sound velocities measured in the laboratory and on the deck also differ based on the types of sediments sampled. Overall, the discrepancy increases with measurement frequency, increasing average grain diameter and sand content, as well as with decreasing clay content.
Detecting communities at high-risk of IUU fishing: networks of shadow encounters in Area 81 of the Western Central Pacific
Authors: Bichler Gisela , Petrossian Gohar A. , Viramontes Kierston , Marteache Nerea
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a serious environmental crime with severe economic, social, and security implications. Efforts to monitor IUU fishing could be enhanced by using patterns of at-sea transshipment of fish to detect illicit subgroups.

Methods

Using data from Global Fishing Watch, this study investigates repeat transshipment events among vessels observed to operate in the U.N. FAO Area 81 during 2015-2021. Ship-to-ship transfer networks mapping potential encounters among 30 refrigerated cargo vessels (carriers) and 613 fishing vessels exhibit distinct communities that extend beyond this region.

Results

Highly central, carriers associated with open registries (flags of convenience) and exhibiting high operational deficiencies form networks that shadow the activities of national fleets.

Discussion

Observed between group linkages among vessels draw attention to these parallel trade currents embedding regional activity into the larger fishing industry, providing a focus for monitoring and conservation efforts.
Progress on the biological characteristics and physiological activities of fucoxanthin produced by marine microalgae
Authors: Gong Bing , Ma Silu , Yan Yajun , Wang Zhaokai
Published: February 2024

Background

Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid found in seaweed. Its unique chemical structure gives it a variety of properties. Thus fucoxanthin have attracted the attention of companies and researchers.

Methods

Scientific papers were collected from the database. Duplicates and unavailable literature were excluded first. Then the remaining literature was categorized for referencing in the review.

Results

This article contains a summary of the microalgae species producing fucoxanthin and their progress in breeding and cultivation modes. Additionally, the review summarized the progress of research on physiological activities and organized the experimental models used in these studies.

Conclusions

These present findings may provide information for the upstream production of fucoxanthin from algal species selection to process optimization. The analysis of the physiological activity results will help advance subsequent physiological and biochemical experiments. Furthermore, it intends to pique researchers’ enthusiasm for fucoxanthin and enrich related research data to accelerate the development of this natural product.
Green roads ahead: a critical examination of bio-bitumen for sustainable infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ding Pan , Zhang Ling , Luo Xiangyu , Cheng Xu , Zhang Hongfei
Published: February 2024

Non-renewable nature and continuously increased consumptions of bitumen is a serious challenge for the development of infrastructure, especially for the constructions and maintenances of asphalt pavements. To cope with this situation, some sustainable strategies are needed. Extensive efforts have been made to improve the resilience, sustainability and circularity of asphalt pavements. Among them, the utilisation of bio-based materials is one of the most promising measures. This paper systemically reviewed the state-of-the-art knowledge in the development of bio-bitumen. Wood-based oils, waste cooking oils and manure-based bio-bitumen were selected as the review objectives. It was revealed that all bio-based oils currently being used are more suitable for serving as additives like softeners, rejuvenators, or modifiers rather than as alternative of binders. One of the most promising utilisations of bio-oils is as rejuvenators, potentially antioxidants as well. Incorporating polymers with bio-oils is another feasible practice to improve the performance of bio-bitumen. Causation should be taken when producing bio-based bitumen since compatibility might have some kind of influence on the performance and this issue should be addressed carefully.
The water-soluble fraction of extracellular polymeric substances from a resource recovery demonstration plant: characterization and potential application as an adhesive
Authors: Chen Le Min , Erol Özlem , Choi Young Hae , Pronk Mario , van Loosdrecht Mark , Lin Yuemei
Published: February 2024

Currently, there is a growing interest in transforming wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into resource recovery plants. Microorganisms in aerobic granular sludge produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are considered sustainable resources to be extracted and can be used in diverse applications. Exploring applications in other high-value materials, such as adhesives, will not only enhance the valorization potential of the EPS but also promote resource recovery. This study aimed to characterize a water-soluble fraction extracted from the EPS collected at the demonstration plant in the Netherlands based on its chemical composition (amino acids, sugar, and fatty acids) and propose a proof-of-concept for its use as an adhesive. This fraction comprises a mixture of biomolecules, such as proteins (26.6 ± 0.3%), sugars (21.8 ± 0.2%), and fatty acids (0.9%). The water-soluble fraction exhibited shear strength reaching 36–51 kPa across a pH range of 2–10 without additional chemical treatment, suggesting a potential application as an adhesive. The findings from this study provide insights into the concept of resource recovery and the valorization of excess sludge at WWTPs.
Effects of frequency and amount of stover mulching on the microbial community composition and structure in the endosphere and rhizosphere
Authors: Li Haowen , Zou Yawen , Song Wenchen , Xin Jiaxun , Gao Jian
Published: February 2024

Stover mulching, as a sustainable agricultural conservation practice, has been shown to effectively increase soil organic matter and enhance crop yields. The impact of stover mulching on soil microorganisms has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been given to endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms that have closer relationships with crops. How do the quality and frequency of stover mulching affect the composition and structure of these endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities? And what is their influence on critical indicators of soil health such as bacterial plant pathogen and Rhizobiales? These questions remain unresolved. Therefore, we investigated the responses of the microbial functional guilds in the endosphere and rhizosphere to maize stover mulching qualities (0%, 33%, 67%, and total stover mulching every year) and frequencies (once every 3 years and twice every 3 years) under 10-year no-till management. Results showed significant correlations between Bacillales and Rhizobiales orders and soil SOC, NO3−N, and NH4+N; Hypocreales and Eurotiales orders were significantly correlated with soil NO3−N, with the Aspergillus genus also showing a significant correlation with soil SOC. The frequency and quality of stover mulching had a significant effect on root and rhizospheric microbial communities, with the lowest relative abundance of bacterial plant pathogens and highest relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobiales and Hypocreales observed under F1/3 and F2/3 conditions. The most complex structures in endosphere and rhizospheric microbial communities were found under Q33 and Q67 conditions, respectively. This research indicates that from a soil health perspective, low-frequency high-coverage stover mulching is beneficial for the composition of endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities, while moderate coverage levels are conducive to more complex structures within these communities. This study holds significant ecological implications for agricultural production and crop protection.
Omega-conotoxin MVIIA reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by inhibiting N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels on spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Ohashi Nobuko , Uta Daisuke , Ohashi Masayuki , Hoshino Rintaro , Baba Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Although a multitude of pathological processes contribute to SCI-induced pain, excessive intracellular calcium accumulation and voltage-gated calcium-channel upregulation play critical roles in SCI-induced pain. However, the role of calcium-channel blockers in SCI-induced pain is unknown. Omega-conotoxin MVIIA (MVIIA) is a calcium-channel blocker that selectively inhibits N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and demonstrates neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we investigated spinal analgesic actions and cellular mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of MVIIA in SCI. We used SCI-induced pain model rats and conducted behavioral tests, immunohistochemical analyses, and electrophysiological experiments (in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recording and in vivo extracellular recording). A behavior study suggested intrathecal MVIIA administration in the acute phase after SCI induced analgesia for mechanical allodynia. Immunohistochemical experiments and in vivo extracellular recordings suggested that MVIIA induces analgesia in SCI-induced pain by directly inhibiting neuronal activity in the superficial spinal dorsal horn. In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recording showed that MVIIA inhibits presynaptic N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels expressed on primary afferent Aδ-and C-fiber terminals and suppresses the presynaptic glutamate release from substantia gelatinosa in the spinal dorsal horn. In conclusion, MVIIA administration in the acute phase after SCI may induce analgesia in SCI-induced pain by inhibiting N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels on Aδ-and C-fiber terminals in the spinal dorsal horn, resulting in decreased neuronal excitability enhanced by SCI-induced pain.
LRRC25 expression during physiological aging and in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Devadoss Dinesh , Akkaoui Juliet , Nair Madhavan , Lakshmana Madepalli K.
Published: February 2024

The leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 25 (LRRC25) is relatively a novel protein with no information on its role in neuronal or brain function. A recent study suggested LRRC25 is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a first step to understanding LRRC25’s role in the brain and AD, we found LRRC25 is expressed in both cell membranes and cytoplasm in a punctuate appearance in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in cell lines as well as mouse brain. We also found that LRRC25 expression is both age- and brain region-dependent and that 1-day-old (1D) pups expressed the least amount of LRRC25 protein compared to adult ages. In the APΔE9 mice, immunoblot quantified LRRC25 protein levels were increased by 166% (**p < 0.01) in the cortex (CX) and by 215% (***p < 0.001) in the hippocampus (HP) relative to wild-type (WT) controls. Both the brainstem (BS) and cerebellum (CB) showed no significant alterations. In the 3xTg mice, only CX showed an increase of LRRC25 protein by 91% (*p < 0.05) when compared to WT controls although the increased trend was noted in the other brain regions. In the AD patient brains also LRRC25 protein levels were increased by 153% (***p < 0.001) when compared to normal control (NC) subjects. Finally, LRRC25 expression in the iPSC-derived neurons quantified by immunofluorescence was increased by 181% (**p < 0.01) in AD-derived neurons when compared to NC-derived neurons. Thus increased LRRC25 protein in multiple models of AD suggests that LRRC25 may play a pathogenic role in either Aβ or tau pathology in AD. The mechanism for the increased levels of LRRC25 in AD is unknown at present, but a previous study showed that LRRC25 levels also increase during neonatal hypoxic-ischemia neuronal damage. Based on the evidence that autophagy is highly dysregulated in AD, the increased LRRC25 levels may be due to decreased autophagic degradation of LRRC25. Increased LRRC25 in turn may regulate the stability or activity of key enzymes involved in either Aβ or hyperphosphorylated tau generation and thus may contribute to increased plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Maternal periconception food insecurity and postpartum parenting stress and bonding outcomes
Authors: Shreffler Karina M. , Dressler Caitlin M. , Ciciolla Lucia , Wetherill Marianna S. , Croff Julie M.
Published: February 2024

Food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and infant, but less is known about the role of periconception food insecurity and its links to maternal and child wellbeing in the postpartum period. In a sample of 115 diverse (41% white) and predominately low-income mothers, results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that periconception food insecurity was positively associated with parenting stress at 2 months postpartum. A negative association between food insecurity and maternal–infant bonding at 6 months postpartum was mediated after controlling for prenatal depression, social support, and demographic factors. Findings highlight the need for maternal linkage to effective food security programs, such as United States-based Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), for women during their childbearing years due to the critical importance of food security for maternal and infant well-being.
Development of high-yielding white maize hybrids with better chapatti-making quality compared to traditionally used local landraces
Authors: Arora Arushi , Das Abhijit Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Sharma Savita , Kaur Navjot , Dixit Shubhank , Kaur Yashmeet , Saxena D. C. , Rakshit Sujay
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The present research focuses on the chapatti making quality of high-yielding white maize hybrids compared to available low-yielding local yellow and white landraces in India.

Materials and methods

In this study, the top nine superior hybrids were selected for testing the physical properties of the maize kernels, proximate composition of flours and chapattis, physical parameters of chapatti, textural properties, sensory evaluation of chapattis and pasting properties of maize flour.

Results and discussion

The results revealed the superiority of white maize hybrids (WMH), viz., WHM 1, WHM 2, and WHM 8 over the local yellow and white landraces for most of the parameters studied. In sensory analysis, though, the yellow landrace was considered superior by the panellists in terms of colour but the white maize hybrids outperformed in overall sensory analysis and were more acceptable than the yellow and white maize landraces. These high yielding white maize hybrids with good consumer acceptance may cater for the needs of rural and tribal populations in India who prefer white maize as a staple food.
A comparison of the time course of action and laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions with different doses of mivacurium for day-case urologic surgery in children: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ye Hong , Nian Chunmiao , Zhou Lijun , Xie Yuman , Li Fan , Xue Tao , Han Xueping
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the time course of action of different doses of mivacurium and determine the appropriate dose for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion for day-case urologic surgery in children.

Methods

A total of 105 patients who enrolled in this study between March 2021 and December 2021 were randomised into 3 groups: Group A (mivacurium 0.15 mg/kg, n = 35), Group B (mivacurium 0.20 mg/kg, n = 35) and Group C (mivacurium 0.25 mg/kg, n = 35). The different doses of mivacurium were injected before LMA insertion. The primary outcomes included the grading of conditions for the LMA insertion-18 score, onset time, recovery index and the duration that mivacurium was effective. Secondary outcomes included pulse oxygen saturation, mean blood pressure, heart rate and the incidence of adverse events.

Results

The score of the conditions for LMA insertion in Group A was significantly lower than in Groups C and B (p < 0.005). There was a significant difference in the onset time between Groups B and A (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between these groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Anaesthesia with 0.2 mg/kg of mivacurium can effectively shorten the onset time and facilitate insertion of the LMA in children undergoing day-case urologic surgery.
On propagation in networks, promising models beyond network diffusion to describe degenerative brain diseases and traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Vergni Davide , Stolfi Paola , Pascarella Annalisa
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Connections among neurons form one of the most amazing and effective network in nature. At higher level, also the functional structures of the brain is organized as a network. It is therefore natural to use modern techniques of network analysis to describe the structures of networks in the brain. Many studies have been conducted in this area, showing that the structure of the neuronal network is complex, with a small-world topology, modularity and the presence of hubs. Other studies have been conducted to investigate the dynamical processes occurring in brain networks, analyzing local and large-scale network dynamics. Recently, network diffusion dynamics have been proposed as a model for the progression of brain degenerative diseases and for traumatic brain injuries.

Methods: In this paper, the dynamics of network diffusion is re-examined and reaction-diffusion models on networks is introduced in order to better describe the degenerative dynamics in the brain.

Results: Numerical simulations of the dynamics of injuries in the brain connectome are presented. Different choices of reaction term and initial condition provide very different phenomenologies, showing how network propagation models are highly flexible.

Discussion: The uniqueness of this research lies in the fact that it is the first time that reaction-diffusion dynamics have been applied to the connectome to model the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition, the generality of these models allows the introduction of non-constant diffusion and different reaction terms with non-constant parameters, allowing a more precise definition of the pathology to be studied.
Retrospective analysis of pediatric sepsis and the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Delveen R. , Saadi Abdulrhaman T. , Yahya Nizar B. , Ibrahim Marwa S. , Saeed Ali Y. , Abdulaziz Sawsan S. , Hasqyal Revan Y. , Alarsalani Berivan K. , Ibrahim Khalid S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening complication in pediatric patients. This study primarily aimed to investigate sepsis-causing bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profile and check the change in the antimicrobial resistance trend for some selected bacteria. In addition, we evaluated the incidence of sepsis, the related mortality rate, and the effectiveness and outcome of the treatment regimes in sepsis pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4-year data (2018–2021) collected from three intensive care units at the Hevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Sepsis screening involved clinical detection and confirmation by blood culture.

Results: A total of 520 out of 1,098 (47.35%) blood samples showed positive microbial growth. A decrease in sepsis rate was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most commonly isolated bacteria. A notable variation in the antimicrobial resistance trend was observed among sepsis-causing bacteria. The empirical sepsis treatment recommended by the WHO was ineffective, as certain bacteria exhibited 100% resistance to every antibiotic tested. The mortality rate significantly increased from 1.3% in 2018 to 16.5% in 2021.

Discussion: The antimicrobial resistance profile of sepsis causing bacteria is of concerns, indicating a potentially serious situation. Thus, to avoid treatment failure, the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients is essential.