bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Electric Charge of Paper Surfaces in Water
Authors:   iggins Teape Research and Development Ltd., Corte H.
Published: March 2024

The electrokinetic euphoria which gripped the paper industry a few years ago gradually subsided when it became clear that the zeta potential is not the panacea many people, particularly instrument manufacturers, had hoped it to be. This may have the salutary effect that electrokinetic phenomena, which undoubtedly occur in papermaking, are seen to be part of a complex of physico-chemical processes to which they make different contributions under different circumstances. It may well become the order of the day in the immediate future to study case histories in the hope that one day some more general rules may emerge. This is one of the reasons why the second half of this session is given to a number of short contributions, unusual for these symposia but a step we decided to take because it seemed the right thing to do. The purpose of my own short contribution to this first and more academic half of the session is not to provide one of those case studies but to report on a simple observation in the laboratory which, if our interpretation is correct, would be very much at variance with the established concept of the electric double layer and the various models built around it.
Twenty Years On
Authors: Rance H. F.
Published: March 2024

Protocol demands that I say what a great honour it is to have been invited to give the opening address today. But indeed I would say that without the demand of protocol, since I am overawed by the long list of distinguished guest speakers who have earlier filled this role, including, at the last Oxford Symposium, a much beloved great man of science, the late Sir Lawrence Bragg. It is indeed a great honour for me to join their ranks, an honour only slightly dimmed by the sotto voce comment of our Programme Secretary, who greeted the new of my acceptable of the invitation to speak with the remark: ‘an excellent choice – at least we can keep him under control and make him keep to the time-table.’
The Effect of Cellulose on the Structure of Water: View 2
Authors:   orest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U .S . Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., Caulfield D. F.
Published: March 2024

The sonic tensile modulus (E) of paper decreases with moisture content (m). The slope of the decrease, d In E|dm, is constant up to a moisture content equal to the fibre saturation point of paper. This phenomenon seems consistent with the multilayer adsorption of water and its explanation provided by the polarisation theory of Polanyi. The energies of interactions between layers of adsorbed water indicate that hydrogen bonds between layers may contribute to the load carrying capacity of wet paper. This hydrogen bonding between layers implies a structured organisation throughout the adsorbed water that extends several layers from the cellulose surface. In this way, it appears that water near a cellulose surface is structured by the cellulose surface rather than destructured by it. One such model for structured water is presented.
The Acommodation of Water Within Pulp Fibres
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Scallan A. M.
Published: March 2024

In the water-swollen state, water is the major component of the cell wall of a pulp fibre-its amount often exceeding that of the sum of the other components. How this amount of water is accommodated in the cell wall obviously has a great bearing on the structure of the solid phase and the properties of the wet fibre as a whole. It is proposed that in the wall of the wood fibre, water is held in a micro-porous gel of hemicelluloses and lignin which is distributed as fine platelets within a cellulose skeleton consisting of much distorted lamellae. As the lignin and hemicelluloses are removed by pulping, the amount of water in the wall increases as water fully occupies the spaces previously shared with these components. The subsequent mechanical action of beating is visualised as causing the slit-like spaces occupied by water to progressively link up and the coarser lamella separations to enter the range of visibility by optical microscopy. The entry of additional water into the cell wall, as induced by pulping or mechanical action, is believed by its delaminating action to bring about plasticisation of the wood fibre, a necessary prerequisite to papermaking.
Comparison between degree of hyperopia and iridocorneal angle, cross-sectional study
Authors: González M Pérez , Arshavin Piero Barrera , Sanguesa C Martinez , Torres G Espinoza , Zech J Herrera
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To determine whether there is a correlation between the degree of hyperopia and the presence of a narrow iridocorneal angle (ICA) in the general population. Methods: Cross-sectional study, period December 2022 - June 2023 at the Instituto de la Visión, Chile. Sample size of 177 patients (353 eyes). Hyperopes are classified as mild (less than 3 dioptres), moderate (3 to 6 dioptres), or high (greater than 6 dioptres). The AIC, assessed by gonioscopy (4-mirror gonioscope), according to Shaffer in 4 degrees, dichotomised from 0 to 2 as narrow angle, and 3 to 4 as open. An emmetropic "control" group was maintained, with a range of +/- 0.5 spherical dioptres. Statistical analysis: The chi-square test was used for the association between the two variables. Results: Of the total number of patients, 65% had mild hyperopia (n=229), 13% moderate (n=47), 0.6% high, while 21% corresponded to the "control" group (n=75). Of the total, 41% had narrow angle (n=146) and 59% open (n=207). In the analysis by group, mild hypermetropes showed 46% (n=105) of narrow angles compared to 27% (n=20) of the 'control' group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). When comparing the moderate hyperopia group, which had 40.4% (n=19) of narrow angles, significant differences were observed compared to the 'control group', but not compared to the mild hyperopia group (p=0.2). Conclusion: There is a significant association between hyperopia and narrow AIC measured by gonioscopy, independent of the degree of severity of hyperopia. It is therefore advisable to screen for narrow angles in these patient groups.
Notes about food consumption strategies of the Crane hawk: (Geranospiza caerulescens) (aves, accipitridae) on Cane toad: Rhinella marina
Authors: León Lleras Juan Sebastián
Published: March 2024

The Crane Hawk: Geranospiza caerulescens is one of the most common raptors in forests and open lands across Central and South America. Little is known about its eating habits, even less about the type of consumption strategy the bird applies to its prey. Based on a film recording, the text describes how a Crane Hawk individual predates a Cane Toad; Rhinella marina in a lowland savanna of the municipality of Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Sex-Specific Developmental Scales for Surveillance
Authors: Sudry Tamar , Amit Guy , Zimmerman Deena R. , Tsadok Meytal Avgil , Baruch Ravit , Yardeni Hadar , Akiva Pinchas , Ben Moshe Dror , Bachmat Eitan , Sadaka Yair
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Developmental surveillance, conducted routinely worldwide, is fundamental for early detection of children at risk for developmental delay. We aimed to explore sex-related difference in attainment rates of developmental milestones and to evaluate the clinical need for separate sex-specific scales.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional, natiowide retrospective study, utilizing data from a national child surveillance program of ∼1000 maternal child health clinics. The main cohort, used for constructing sex-specific developmental scales, included all children born between January 2014 to September 2020, who visited maternal child health clinics from birth to 6 years of age (n = 839 574). Children with abnormal developmental potential were excluded (n = 195 616). A validation cohort included all visits between 2020 and 2021 (n = 309 181). The sex-differences in normative attainment age of 59 developmental milestones from 4 domains were evaluated. The milestones with a significant gap between males and females were identified, and the projected error rates when conducting unified versus sex-specific surveillance were calculated.

RESULTS

A new sex-specific developmental scale was constructed. In total, females preceded males in most milestones of all developmental domains, mainly at older ages. Conducting routine developmental surveillance using a unified scale, compared with sex-specific scales, resulted in potential missing of females at risk for developmental delay (19.3% of failed assessments) and over-diagnosis of males not requiring further evaluation (5.9% of failed assessments).

CONCLUSIONS

There are sex-related differences in the normative attainment rates of developmental milestones, indicating possible distortion of the currently used unified scales. These findings suggest that using sex-specific scales may improve the accuracy of early childhood developmental surveillance.
Family and personal identity among Roma students in Colleges for Advanced Studies: Identity preservation and change
Authors: Komolafe Cinderella , Dávid Beáta
Published: March 2024

During their studies, Roma university students enter into a milieu different from their family environment and this can affect their identity. In our research, we used life story interviews (N = 108) to study Roma university students who attended Roma College for Advanced Studies (RCAS). We were interested in how their identities were formed and what role their family Roma identity strategy and the RCAS played in it. In our analysis, we divided the Roma students into five categories (separated, integrated, assimilated, negative, marginalized) and these identity strategies were also used to determine the respondents' family identity. In the sample, the largest proportion consisted of those who had an integrated personal and family Roma identity strategy. The majority of the respondents had not changed identity strategies and also interpreted their personal identity according to the family pattern. Some of the Roma university students went to RCAS specifically to strengthen their Roma identity. Overall, it can be said that the family Roma identity strategy can be linked to the development of personal identity, and the RCAS can have a role in preserving and strengthening the Roma identity of university students.
Csővezetékintegritás-irányítási rendszer – válasz a földgázszállító rendszer üzemeltetésével kapcsolatos kihívásokra
Authors: Chován Péter , Lukács János
Published: March 2024

Összefoglalás.

A különböző szerkezetek és rendszerek biztonságos üzemeltetése gazdasági,
környezeti és fenntarthatósági érdek. Ilyen rendszer a hazai nagynyomású,
földgázszállító csőtávvezetéki rendszer, amelynek meghatározó része maga a
csővezeték. A csővezetékeken előfordult káresetek ráirányították a figyelmet
arra, hogy a megjelenő kihívásokra új, 21. századi válaszokra van szükség. A
válasz kulcsa a csővezetékek integritásának biztosítása, rendszerszemléletű
megközelítésben és informatikai támogatással. A megoldás a
csővezetékintegritás-irányítási rendszer (PIMS), amely a kor technikai és
technológiai színvonalán ötvözi az észszerű kockázatvállalás és a biztonságra
való törekvés kompromisszumát. A közlemény bemutatja a bevezetés előtt álló
hazai rendszert, illetve annak legfontosabb elemeit.

Summary.

The safe operation of different structures, of high importance and often unique
systems, is important for the designer, contractor, the operator and the user;
it is also an economic, environmental and sustainability interest. Safe
operation must cover and manage the whole lifetime of the structure, which is a
complex task. Such a system is the domestic high-pressure natural gas
transmission pipeline system, of which the steel pipeline itself is a major
part, with a length of approximately 6000 km. Damage to pipelines has
highlighted the need for new 21st century responses to emerging challenges. The
age of the pipeline has a negative impact on the occurrence of damages, while
the development of technical and technological culture has a positive impact. We
can be satisfied if the result is positive, i.e. if the response to the
challenges reduces the relative frequency of incidents. The key to the response
is to ensure the integrity of pipelines through a systems approach and complex
IT support. Integrity is the ability to operate of a structure at any point in
its life-cycle, including the reliable knowledge of the current state, potential
threats and all relevant elements of their management. Identifying and detecting
a threat (non-destructive testing), mapping its assessment principles and
options, performing the assessment and then reflecting this through performance
indicators, together define the direction to follow. Such a complex task is
unthinkable without sufficient data in terms of quantity and quality, and
special attention must be paid to the availability of such data. The solution is
the Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS), which combines the technical
and technological state of the art with the compromise between reasonable
risk-taking and the striving of safety. This publication presents the domestic
PIMS that is about to be implemented and its key elements. The logic of the
regulation in line with leading international practice is described, the levels
of assessment of threats to integrity are presented, and a flowchart of the
operation of the envisaged system is presented too.
Relevant Biomechanical Variables in Skateboarding: A Literature Review
Authors: Baus Juan , Nguyen Ethan , Harry John R. , Yang James
Published: March 2024

Skateboarding, once regarded primarily as a means of transportation and entertainment for youth, has become a recognized professional sport, gaining global popularity. With its recent inclusion in the Olympics, a growing imperative exists to comprehensively understand biomechanics explaining skateboarding performance. This literature review seeks to consolidate knowledge within this domain, focusing on experimental and modeling studies about skateboard riding and tricks. The criteria for study selection encompassed content relevance and publication year, spanning from the last two decades and extending further back to 1980 following cross-referencing of seminal works. Peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and books were considered, with comprehensive searches conducted on electronic databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Scielo, and Taylor & Francis. Comprehending the biomechanical facets of skateboarding is essential in promoting its use and ensuring safety among all practitioners. Insights into factors such as body kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation represent a foundational step toward understanding the nuances of this sport with implications for both clinical and biomechanical research. Modern data collection systems such as inertial measurement units (IMU) and electromyography (EMG) offer unprecedented insights into human performance during skateboarding, such as joint range of motion, coordination, and muscle activation, whether in casual riding or executing complex tricks and maneuvers. Developing robust modeling approaches also holds promise for enhancing skateboarding training and performance. Crucially, these models can serve as the initial framework for understanding injury mechanisms and implementing strategies to improve performance and mitigate injury risks.
The Impact of Digitalization on Economic Growth in ASEAN
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Run Keriya , Shin Kyung-Lim
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The study aims to confirm a positive relationship between digitalization and economic growth in ASEAN. It seeks to provide insights into the challenges and future directions for ASEAN’s economic growth by examining the impact of digitalization through broadband penetration. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study employs regression analysis using a fixed-effect model with data sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), covering the period from 2008 to 2020. Its primary objectives are to offer a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between digital technologies and the economic development of ASEAN, and to identify factors contributing to economic growth in the region. The focus is on Southeast Asian countries, namely Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Findings – The findings yield compelling evidence in support of the hypothesis, emphasizing the pivotal role of expanding broadband infrastructure in fostering economic growth across ASEAN countries. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of enhancing broadband infrastructure and highlights the potential impact on the economic development of developing nations. It emphasizes the crucial role played by fixed-broadband, mobile-broadband, and fixedtelephone subscriptions in contributing to the economic growth of ASEAN countries. Research Implications – This study proves a significant positive relationship between digitalization and economic growth in the region. It offers a preliminary understanding of the impact of digitalization on economic growth in ASEAN, laying the groundwork for future research.
A Tripartite Game Strategy to Promote the Commercialization of Research Results: A Synergistic Development Path Between Universities, Government, and Enterprises
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Liu Qi-Jia , Kim Yeong-Gil
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the tripartite relationship between the government, universities, and enterprises in the process of improving China’s innovation index. We hope to gain an in-depth understanding of the dynamic game process among these three, and how various factors affect the way they cooperate in this process. Design/Methodology/Approach – Based on evolutionary game theory as a research tool, we constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model of universities, government, and commercial institutions, and analyzed the stability of each party's strategic choices and the relationship between the influence of each element. Findings – By simulating strategy combinations and the evolution process in different contexts, we derived the conditions for the occurrence of stable strategy combinations among universities, governments, and business organizations. Through the above study, we found that stable strategy combinations among government, universities, and enterprises are crucial in promoting the development of China’s innovation index. Research Implications – This study has important theoretical significance for understanding the dynamic relationship among government, universities, and firms, and also provides practical guidance for policy makers. Through this study, policy makers can have a clearer understanding of the needs and interests of each party, so that they can formulate more effective policies to promote the development of innovation activities.
A Study on Startup Mergers and Acquisitions for Digital Transformation of Logistics Companies
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Park Kui-Hwa
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the acquisition motivations of startups by incumbent logistics companies, and explore how they affect the digital transformation of incumbent logistics companies. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study used a thematic analysis method to refine data on logistics company and startup mergers and acquisitions, and adopted an open coding procedure to ensure qualitative rigor. The research process consisted of coding primary data from Internet articles and interviews for terms containing acquisition objectives or motives, and grouping them according to the similarity of motives after primary data analysis. These were reorganized into six theory-based themes in the secondary analysis. Findings – The results identify six reasons why incumbent logistics companies acquire digital startups and the three digital strategy directions they pursue through acquisitions. First, the most important reason for the acquisition of startups is to acquire technology; second, to acquire technical and management skills, experience, and capabilities in the form of new employees; and third, to acquire customers, and methods to acquire new customers include expanding market share and entering new markets. Research Implications – Using empirical data from 39 cases, this study suggests that acquiring digital startups is the fastest way for incumbent logistics companies to acquire technology, a surefire way to acquire the capabilities and talent needed for digital transformation, and a way to expand markets while ensuring that digital transformation is not hindered by internal resistance.
North Korea’s Trade Policy Changes and Adaptation to Sanctions
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Moon Ye-Chan
Published: March 2024

Purpose – This research aims to investigate how North Korea has adapted to the United Nations sanctions imposed since 2006, specifically analyzing shifts in its trade policies in response to these international pressures. Design/Methodology/Approach – Employing the theory of sanction busting, the study meticulously examines the impact of ten rounds of sanctions on North Korea's trade volume and economic health. Through this lens, the research evaluates how North Korea has strategically modified its trade policies to counteract the sanctions' effects. Findings – The study uncovers that North Korea has navigated the sanctions landscape by re-centralizing its trade system and diversifying both its trade commodities and partners. This strategic shift involves broadening the scope of traded items, including those under sanction, and cultivating a more varied portfolio of trading partners, effectively cushioning the country from the sanctions' intended economic squeeze. Research Implications – The insights gleaned from this study are critical for understanding the economic impact of sanctions on North Korea and offer a foundation for formulating more effective policies toward the country. By highlighting the adaptability and changes in North Korea's trade policy, this research suggests the need for a more nuanced and informed approach in the design and implementation of economic sanctions to encourage policy changes within sanctioned states.
Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Industry-University Cooperation Performance
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Hwang Kyung-Yun , Sung Eul-Hyun , Lee Hi-Deok
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship amongst entrepreneurial orientation, trust, commitment, and performance in Industry-University (I-U) cooperation. Design/Methodology/Approach – Based on existing entrepreneurial orientation literature and trustcommitment theory, the structural relationship that affects I-U cooperation performance was used to establish six hypotheses. A survey of 107 companies within Daedeok INNOPOLIS was carried-out, and the Partial Least Square path modeling approach was used to test the hypothesis. Findings – The results show that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive effect on I-U trust and I-U cooperation commitment. Also, it found that I-U trust positively affects I-U cooperation commitment and I-U cooperation performance. Finally, a positive relationship was established between I-U cooperation commitment and I-U cooperation performance. Research Implications – This study has theoretically contributed as follows. First, entrepreneurial orientation is a key factor in determining trust and commitment, but I-U cooperation has proven that it does not directly affect cooperation performance, but rather indirectly affects cooperation through trust and commitment. Second, we extended trust-commitment theory to the field of I-U cooperation by proving that the key factors determining I-U cooperation performance are I-U trust and I-U cooperation commitment.
A Study on the Applicability of Article 2 of CISG in B to C E-Commerce
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Kim Eun-Bin
Published: March 2024

Purpose – As it transforms into a consumer-led e-commerce market, we present the legal applicability of the CISG to disputes arising from international e-commerce. Design/Methodology/Approach – Disputes arising from international e-commerce are mostly about contracts, and considering the principle of internationality of a CISG sales contract and the scope of human application, it can be seen that disputes arising from consumer-led e-commerce can be subject to CISG. Findings – Through case law analysis, a new perspective on the deficiencies of the agreement that occurred in consumer-led international e-commerce was presented, along with the burden of proof, thereby increasing the applicability of CISG in B2C transactions and protecting buyers. Research Implications – Disputes arising from international e-commerce mostly concern contracts. Since e-commerce is related to the form of the contract and includes transactions concluded electronically, CISG is applied in disputes related to the contract of sale by electronic means. Among the provisions of the Convention, the scope of purchase intention should be revised to be applied more broadly by pointing out that the buyer's intention is not limited to one, and the scope of the consumer's purchase intention is narrow through the case law of Article 2a, which causes many disputes in consumer-oriented e-commerce. In addition, if a seller proves that he did not know the buyer's purchase intention, the applicability of the clause may increase, so detailed provisions on the burden of proof of purchase intention should be added.
Zahnmedizinische Prävention im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
Authors:   Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf, Fachbereich Gesundheitsamt, Hörschgen Esther , Wollenberg Birgit ,   Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf, Fachbereich Gesundheitsamt, Schul Constanze ,   Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf, Fachbereich Gesundheitsamt, Thöne-Mühling Miriam ,   Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf, Fachbereich Gesundheitsamt
Published: March 2024

Die zahnmedizinische Prävention mit Gruppen- und Individualprophylaxe gilt als Vorzeigeprojekt im Public-Health-Bereich. Um die gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit zu verbessern und aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Public Health-Forschung zu berücksichtigen, besteht jedoch Weiterentwicklungs- und Handlungsbedarf.
Public Health – Geschichte und aktuelle Herausforderungen
Authors:   Public Health Zentrum Fulda, Hochschule Fulda, Grewe Henny Annette , Bollinger Heinrich ,   AG für psychosoziale Versorgung e. V., Hochschule Fulda
Published: March 2024

„Public Health“ entwickelte sich in den angelsächsischen Staaten als Folge von Industrialisierung und Urbanisierung. Dies gilt auch für Deutschland; hier wurden jedoch sowohl im 19. als auch im 20. Jahrhundert Sonderwege beschritten. „New Public Health“ entstand erst in den 1980er Jahren neben den Strukturen des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes. Heute besteht die große Herausforderung darin, diese beiden Linien der Gesundheitspflege produktiv aufeinander zu beziehen.
Erkennen und Bewältigen von Einsamkeit im betrieblichen Kontext
Authors:   Institut für Arbeit und Gesundheit der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Dresden, Rahnfeld Marlen
Published: March 2024

Recognizing and coping with loneliness in the workplace context Objectives: Loneliness manifests itself as an unpleasant feeling that arises when social relationships are perceived as inadequate. While temporary loneliness can be helpful, permanent loneliness is associated with mental and physical illness. As some causes and effects can also be found in the workplace context, companies should address the issue. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify both scientific and practice-orientated publications on dealing with loneliness in the workplace context. Results: Many people spend a large proportion of their time at work, which therefore offers ideal conditions for raising awareness of the issue and taking preventative action. At present, however, loneliness still seems to be little known in German companies, although there are few reliable studies on the subject. Even if loneliness is not caused solely by the company, there are targeted measures available to protect employees so that they do not become lonely and to support those already affected with offers of help. Various approaches to prevention, early detection, and intervention for those affected by loneliness are presented, which can be applied in the workplace context. Conclusions: Loneliness must be understood as a shared task that can affect everyone and for which everyone can take joint responsibility. Although politicians are already looking for solutions, the issue should also be given greater attention in the world of work. It is important to establish the workplace as a social place that may serve as a resource for social relationships and at the same time offers opportunities for prevention and intervention. Keywords: loneliness – companies – occupational health management – prevention – intervention
A comparison of Mongolian basic words between Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region: Focusing on the classical Mongolian language study publishedin China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region
Authors:   The Korean Association for Mongolian Studies, Han Seungyeon , Kim Kyongna
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the basic vocabulary of both regions was compared and analyzed based on the classical Mongolian language study books of Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
With the ‘Mongolian language ordinance’ in effect from January 1, 2025, the need for education and research of classical Mongolian language should increase in Mongolia and Korea. As a basic work for this, we discussed which parts are the same and different in the basic living words used by Mongolian-speaking people in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, located geopolitically close to Mongolia.
In the text, the vocabulary and meanings used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions were compared and analyzed by classifying them such as the day of the week, time, date, clothing, food, housing and place, transportation, position, and occupation, limited to basic vocabulary and nouns among the contents contained in the classic Mongolian basic study book. A prominent feature of the vocabulary comparison analysis between the two regions is that Mongolia frequently borrows Russian words as they are, while China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has many words that influence Chinese.
However, in the absence of a full-scale study of basic learning books in both regions, we intend to find little significance in starting a comparative analysis and serve as a priming point for future comparative studies of the Khalha and Tshahhar dialects. In addition, it is hoped that this paper will serve as a stepping stone to understanding vocabulary in both regions in learning traditional Mongolian languages and at the same time help learning them.
By-products of the Sawmill Process in a Forest Company: Their Physical, Chemical and Energetic Evaluation for Pellets and Briquettes
Authors: Reyes-rodríguez Lucero A. , Aviña-berumen Luis J. , Ruiz-aquiño Faustino , Rangel-méndez J. René , Andrade-martínez Gerardo J. , Rutiaga-quinones Jose G.
Published: March 2024

Aim of study: The physical characteristics and the chemical and energetic properties of bark and sawdust from a sawmill were determined, in order to identify their potential to be used for bioenergy purposes.

Area of study: The pine lignocellulosic residues were collected at the Forestal Viscaya company in Mexico.

Material and method: 50 kg of each biomass was collected as follows: bark samples were taken from the bark mill, and sawdust samples were taken from main saw, edger, trimmer, and the chipper machine. Moisture, granulometry, density, and chemical analyses were determined. The calorific value and tons of oil equivalent were also calculated.

Main results: The results indicate that the bark could be used to make briquettes, while the sawdust to make pellets. Particularly, the average calorific value varied from 16.55 to 23.78 MJ/kg for bark, while for sawdust the results varied from 19.49 to 21.04 MJ/kg. Using the most conservative model to estimate the calorific value, and taking into account the amount of bark and sawdust generated per year, it was determined that 2.265 equivalent tons of oil could be substituted.

Research highlights: The results show the potential of biomass for its possible energy use within the forestry company.
Cuidado com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva: um olhar a partir da percepção de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres
Authors: Ferreira Beatriz Felix , Marques Silvia Badim , Andrade Juliane , Bruno Carla Targino da Silva
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study is intended to understand the perception of women who have sex with women, regarding the care they receive in health services, within the scope of their sexual and reproductive health, in order to verify whether the care offered to them meets the integrality of their right to health and, also, highlight the role of health professionals in guaranteeing these rights. Methodology: A national literature review was carried out for the elaboration of the data collection instrument and qualitative and quantitative research through an individual form and individual interview via the internet. Results: 287 responses were obtained, the statements revealed the following categories: A- Physical violence suffered in health services, B- Negligence and lack of acceptance in gynecological consultations and health services, C- Presumption of heterosexuality in health services, D- Invisibility and, moral and psychological violence. Conclusion: It was evident that women who have sex with women still suffer a series of discrimination and violence in health services, when seeking comprehensive care, especially with regard to their sexual and reproductive rights.  
Submission: 05/24/23| Review: 02/20/24| Approval: 02/21/24
Hydrocarbon generation potential and thermal maturity of the outcropped Palaeozoic formations from Khabour Valley, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Aram
Published: March 2024

In this study, 12 outcropped rock samples from the Khabour, Kaista, Ora, and Harur formations (Paleozoic) in the Khabour Valley were studied. The location is in northern Iraq, in the Imbricated Thrust Zone, northeast of Duhok City. Rock-Eval Pyrolysis was utilized to assess the thermal maturity, organic matter composition, hydrocarbon potential, and organic richness of the Khabour, Kaista, Ora, and Harur formations situated within the Khabour Valley. The content of Total Organic Carbon ranges from 0.19 to 0.37 wt.%, with an average of 0.29 wt.% for the Khabour formation, 2.07 to 3.09 wt.% for the Kaista formation, 0.58 wt.% for the Ora formation, and 0.31 to 1.55 wt.% for the Harur formation. The source rock was rated poor based on the TOC wt.% content. According to the results, the Khabour Valley formations have low amounts of S2 (average 0.12 mg HC/g Rock, range 0.01-0.29 mg HC/g Rock) and Hydrogen Index (HI) (average 15.2 mg HC/g TOC, range 2-41 mg HC/g TOC). Drawing insights from the analysis of Rock-Eval data, the formations exhibit kerogen types classified as type IV kerogen. According to the cross plot of S2 versus TOC%, all the samples show a poor potentiality to create hydrocarbons. The graph of HI vs Tmax demonstrates that Tmax ranges from immature to postmature.
The prevalence of pulp stones in the Kurdish population as a diagnostic tool in endodontic prognosis using Digital Orthopantomograph
Authors: Ahmed Azhar , Jalal Ranj , Mahmood Mohammed , Abdalrahim Rukhosh
Published: March 2024

Background:Pulp stones (PSs) are calcified masses, found commonly in dental pulps of healthy, diseased, and even unerupted teeth.Objectives:Our study aims to determine the prevalence of PS in Kurdish adults using an orthopantomograph (OPG) and investigate the relationships between PSs with sex, age, tooth type, and dental arch/side.Patients and Methods:We examined 1,170 digital OPGs from Kurdish patients at the private Maxillofacial Radiology Center in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq, were taken for various purposes between January and July 2023. A total of 31,598 teeth were examined to identify PSs. We collected patient data and determined correlations between the presence of PSs and various patient variables.Results:About 242 (20.68%) patients and 471 (1.49%) teeth had at least one stone. The prevalence of PS in the Kurdish population was 20.68% based on the total number of patients examined and it was 1.49% based on the total teeth examined. The PS frequently was found in those aged 45 years and more (50%) and the PS prevalence was higher in females (61%) than males (39%). The maxillary dental arches and molar teeth had the highest frequency of PS (p=0.000).Conclusions:In the Kurdish population, the prevalence of PSs was moderately high, particularly among females. PSs were most frequent in the maxillary arch and first molars, with incidence increasing with age.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Aborted Women Admitted to Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Zaynab , Khudhair Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for causing congenital toxoplasmosis. Congenital infection during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy may result in spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, while the severity of fetal damage is decreased during the third trimester.
 
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with clinical-obstetric determinants and sociodemographic factors in aborted women.
 
Materials and Methods: The present study was a Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study comprised 100 women who admitted to Erbil Maternity Hospital with a spontaneous abortion. A questionnaire was filled by the researchers after verbal consent, and 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant, centrifuged at 3500 rpm, and stored in 2 Eppendorf tubes, and tested by ELISA and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay by Cobas e 411 for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM according to Manufacturer’s instructions.
 
Results: The highest seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis was observed in illiterate females aged 26-35 and living in Erbil City's urban areas. A statistically significant association was recorded regarding seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgG and having a history of abnormal babies (P=0.023), Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity and a history of having toxoplasmosis (P=0.016), and seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgM and parity of the females (P=0.037).
 
Conclusions: Screening for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is crucial for all women for the prevention of disease progression. Although there are various screening methods for the detection of toxoplasmosis, not all the methods are applicable and financially suitable for the patients.
Transformation of the archetype of the trickster in contemporary Ukrainian art: on the example of the image of Hamlet
Authors:   Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music, Kyiv, Ukraine, Turchyna Mariia
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the transformation of the archetype of the trickster in contemporary Ukrainian art on the example of the image of Hamlet. The concepts of "trickster", "culture hero" and "hero of culture", their meaning in archaic mythology and modern culture are considered. It was found that the archetype of the trickster is reflected in art through archetypal images – the trickster, a culture hero, which can exist both syncretically and separately. The common and distinctive features of the culture hero and hero of culture have been determined. At the end of the 20th century, the functions of a culture hero and a hero of culture are mixed, which contributes to the emergence of a "mass" culture hero, whose influence is determined to a greater extent not by qualitative indicators, but by quantitative ones. It was found that, the image of modern Hamlet in various cultural texts acquires trickster features. The transformation of the image of Hamlet in contemporary Ukrainian art is studied on the example of Yu. Andruhovich's translation "Hamlet, Prince of Denmark", L. Podervyansky's remake "Hamlet or the phenomenon of Danish Katsapism" and the horror opera "Hamlet" by R. Hryhoriv and I. Razumeyko. It was determined that in all three samples, rough, and sometimes obscene language is used, which translates the original text from a tragic into a farcical-comic discourse. It was found that there is a mixing of the features of a culture hero, a trickster, and a hero of culture in this image. Furthermore, it has been studied that the archetype of the trickster is transformed through the image of the trickster and the hero of culture. It is determined that, as a trickster, Hamlet provokes the overturning and rethinking of norms and rules. As a culture hero, he creates his own mythopoetic world in his mind. As a hero of culture, he personifies generally accepted patterns of behavior that positively correspond to a certain value-cultural system of society outside the mythological time-space.
Comparison of Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity of Synthesized Zinc Oxide And Magnetite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Four Different Plant Extracts
Authors: Aydoğdu Burcu , Aytar Mehmet , Ünal İlkay
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to synthesize Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnetite ıron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles utilizing a precipitation method, employing plant extracts from Ocimum basilica(1), Cinnamomum zeylanicum(2), Lactarius salmonicolor(3) and Paeonia kesrouanensis(4) as reduction and stabilizing agents. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against both gram-positive (S. aureus, ATCC 25923) and gram-negative (E. coli, ATCC 25922; P. aeroginosa, PAO1), bacteria as well as fungus (C. albicans 90028) was evaluated. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised by various analyses, including TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, DSL, and zeta potential. Based on the TEM image, the ZnONPs exhibited a cluster of flower-like structures, whereas the Fe3O4NPs displayed a spherical shape with a varying size distribution. The zeta potential values for ZnO NPs ranged from -5.35 to -16.9, while for Fe3O4NPs ranged from -7.43 to -20.7. All ZnO nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity exclusively against the S. aureus strain, whereas Fe3O4NPs did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect.
Electrospun Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Nanofibers Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract and Bioactive Glass as Potential Wound Dressings
Authors: Aktürk Ayşen
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a natural medicinal substance and 45S5 bioglass (BG) particles as a bioactive material on the microstructure, antioxidant properties, and fibroblast cell cytotoxicity of biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber scaffolds. The hybrid nanofibers were fabricated via the electrospinning technique. The microstructure of nanofiber scaffolds was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the incorporation of PPE and BG particles did not change the morphology of the fibrous structure of the PCL nanofiber scaffolds. The DPPH analysis was performed to determine the antioxidant properties of nanofiber scaffolds and demonstrated that the incorporation of PPE improves the antioxidant properties of scaffolds. Cell cytotoxicity studies using fibroblast L929 cells also showed that high cell viability values were observed for hybrid PPE and BG loaded PCL nanofiber scaffolds. The findings proved that the integration of PPE and BG particles into PCL nanofibers yielded favorable characteristics suitable for wound dressing purposes, involving improved antioxidant capacity.
Dynamics of a Conformable Fractional Order Generalized Richards Growth Model on Star Network with N=20 Nodes
Authors: Kartal Neriman
Published: March 2024

In this study, we analyze dynamical behavior of the conformable fractional order Richards growth model. Before examining the analysis of the dynamical behavior of the fractional continuous time model, the model is reduced to the system of difference equations via utilizing piecewise constant functions. An algebraic condition that ensures the stability of the positive fixed point of the system is obtained. With the center manifold theory, the existence of a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation at the fixed point of the discrete-time system is proven and the direction of this bifurcation is determined. In addition, the discrete dynamical system is also studied on the star network with N=20 nodes. Analysis complex dynamics of Richards growth model into coupled dynamical network shows that the complex star network with N=20 nodes also exhibits Neimark-Sacker bifurcation about the fixed point concerning with parameter c. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the stability, bifurcations and dynamic transition of the coupled network.
Comment on “A Seismic Moment Magnitude Scale” by Ranjit Das, Mukat Lal Sharma, Hans Raj Wason, Deepankar Choudhury, and Gabriel Gonzalez
Authors: Gasperini Paolo , Lolli Barbara
Published: March 2024

Moment magnitude Mw was first defined by Hiroo Kanamori in the late 1970s, when the availability of new force balance seismometers made it possible to measure the seismic moment M0 with virtually no limits in the frequency passband. For this reason, Mw does not become saturated even for the largest earthquakes ever recorded. Mw has been chosen in such a way that it coincides best with the previous definitions of magnitude (Ms, ML, mb, etc.) on certain ranges of values but can deviate significantly from them within other ranges. A few years ago, Das and colleagues proposed a new moment magnitude scale Mwg with the aim of better reproducing the values of mb and Ms over their entire range and to better predict the energy ES radiated by earthquakes. We show that there was no need to define such a new scale and that Mwg is not even optimal to achieve the goal of matching ES.
Blockchain Technology Adoption Through the UTAUT Model
Authors: Ennajeh Leila , Najjar Tharwa
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the adoption of blockchain technology under the scope of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Previous results on Management Information Systems (MIS) research are divergent about the significance of UTAUT variables in explaining the adoption behaviour of blockchain technology. The paper focuses on this specific concern and tries to contribute to existing studies by testing the model in a specific context (Tunisia) and by considering the individual variable “trust in technology” as a mediating one. For this aim, a structural equation approach is adopted among 95 Tunisian professional respondents operating in technology-based sectors. The findings stipulate the importance of facilitating conditions and performance expectancy as drivers of the adoption intention. Additionally, the study reveals that trust in technology is significant in its mediating role in influencing the intention of adoption with the facilitating conditions and the social influence constructs. Moreover, the paper uncovers a direct relationship with the same variable. These findings provide valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners in understanding the factors that influence blockchain technology adoption in the Tunisian context and stress the indirect role of trust in technology with which decision-makers should be concerned.