bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the one‐, two‐, and three‐photon absorption properties of exohedral functionalized derivative of Sc3N@C80
Authors: Wang Jin‐Yun , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Zhang Min‐Yi , Chai Guo‐Liang , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: May 2011

Geometrical structures of three investigated molecules Sc3N@C80, Sc3N@C80‐Fc, and C60‐Fc were optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. Then the time‐dependent DFT was employed to investigate the excited states of these molecules. After exohedral functionalization by ferrocene (Fc‐) group as the electron donor or replacing C60 with Sc3N@C80 as the electron acceptor, the wavelengths of the first one‐photon absorption peak and the strongest two‐photon absorption (2PA) and three‐photon absorption (3PA) peaks shift red. The corresponding cross sections of Sc3N@C80‐Fc in the 2PA and 3PA processes increase as compared with those of Sc3N@C80, which originate from the contributions of charge transfers from Fc‐ group to C80 cage and simultaneously the transfers from the C80 cage to the encapsulated Sc3N cluster. When compared with C60‐Fc, the 2PA and 3PA cross sections of Sc3N@C80‐Fc decrease, which may result from the more negative charge surface of C80 cage in Sc3N@C80‐Fc molecule which blocks the charge transfers from Fc‐ moiety to the C80 cage in the excitation processes by compared with C60‐Fc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
CASPT2 study on low‐lying states of HMgO and HOMg
Authors: Li WEN‐ZUO , GENG FANG‐FANG , PEI YU‐WEI , CHENG JIAN‐BO , LI QING‐ZHONG , GONG BAO‐AN
Published: May 2011

The HMgO and magnesium monohydroxide (HOMg) have been reinvestigated using the complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) and multiconfiguration second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) methods with the contracted atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets. The geometries of all stationary points along the potential energy surfaces (PESs) were optimized at the CASSCF/ANO levels. The ground and the first excited states of HMgO are predicted to be X2Π and A2Σ+ states, respectively. It was predicted that the ground state of HOMg is X2Σ+ state. The A2Π state of HOMg has unique imaginary frequency. A bent local minimum M1 was found for the first time along the 12A″ PES and the A2Π state of HOMg should be the transition state of the isomerization reactions for M1 ↔ M1. The CASPT2/ANO potential energy curves of isomerization reactions were calculated as a function of HMgO bond angle. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
On characteristic roots and stability charts of delay differential equations
Authors: Breda D.
Published: May 2011

This work is devoted to the analytic study of the characteristic roots oftextitscalar autonomous delay differential equations with either real or complex coefficients. The focus is placed on the robust analysis of the position of the roots in the complex plane with respect to the variation of the coefficients, with the final aim of obtaining suitable representations for the relevant stability boundaries and charts. While the real case is almost standard (and known), the investigation of the complex case is not as immediate. Hence, a preliminary shift of the coefficients is proposed, which reduces the number of free parameters. This allows to extend the techniques used for the real case, also allowing for useful graphical visualization of the relevant stability charts. The present research is motivated on the basis of studying the stability of systems with delay. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved results on frequency‐weighted balanced truncation and error bounds
Authors: Sreeram V. , Sahlan S.
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we present some new results on frequency‐weighted balanced truncation which is a significant improvement on Lin and Chiu's frequency‐weighted balanced truncation technique. The reduced‐order models, which are guaranteed to be stable in the case of double‐sided weighting, are obtained by direct truncation. Two sets of simple, elegant and easily calculatable a priori error bounds are also derived. Numerical examples and comparison with other well‐known techniques show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anonymous proxy re‐encryption
Authors: Shao Jun , Liu Peng , Wei Guiyi , Ling Yun
Published: May 2011

Proxy re‐encryption (PRE) is a public key encryption that allows a semi‐trusted proxy with some information (a.k.a., re‐encryption key) to transform a ciphertext under one public key into another ciphertext under another public key. Because of this special property, PRE has many applications, such as the distributed file system. Some of these applications demand that the underlying PRE scheme is anonymous under chosen‐ciphertext attacks (CCAs); that is, the adversary cannot identify the recipient of the original/transformed ciphertext, even if it knows the PRE key and can launch the CCA. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the existing PRE schemes satisfy this requirement. In this work, we propose the first anonymous PRE with CCA security and collusion resistance. Our proposal is proved in the random oracle model based on the DDH assumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Interactions between “Pea” and “Pod”: The Case of Oligothiophenes Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gao Jia , Blondeau Pascal , Salice Patrizio , Menna Enzo , Bártová Barbora , Hébert Cécile , Leschner Jens , Kaiser Ute , Milko Matus , Ambrosch‐Draxl Claudia , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: May 2011

One of the most challenging strategies to achieve tunable nanophotonic devices is to build robust nanohybrids with variable emission in the visible spectral range, while keeping the merits of pristine single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This goal is realized by filling SWNTs (“pods”) with a series of oligothiophene molecules (“peas”). The physical properties of these peapods are depicted by using aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and other optical methods including steady‐state and time‐resolved measurements. Visible photoluminescence with quantum yields up to 30% is observed for all the hybrids. The underlying electronic structure is investigated by density functional theory calculations for a series of peapods with different molecular lengths and tube diameters, which demonstrate that van der Waals interactions are the bonding mechanism between the encapsulated molecule and the tube.
Druckrohrleitungen von Wasserkraftanlagen aus Stahl
Authors: Greiner Richard
Published: May 2011

Im Zuge der Implementierung der Eurocodes ist auch der Teil EN 1993‐4‐3 “Rohrleitungen” aus Stahl eingeführt worden, dessen Status im Rahmen der weiten bestehenden Normenlandschaft von Rohrleitungen verschiedener Anwendungsart eine nähere Erklärung erforderlich macht. In der ÖNORM B 1993‐4‐3, dem sogenannten Nationalen Anhang zu obigem Eurocode in Österreich, wird eine solche gegeben, sowie eine ergänzende Regelung angeschlossen, die sich auf die bisher nicht normenmäßig erfassten Druckrohrleitungen von Wasserkraftanlagen bezieht. Obwohl diese derzeit auf Anwendungen von Kleinkraftwerken, d. h. begrenzte Rohrdurchmesser und Innendrücke, beschränkt sind, können dem Beitrag die wesentlichen Inhalte und Hintergründe entnommen werden.

Pressure piping of hydro‐power plants ‐ Eurocode‐conformal regulations in the Austrian National Annex of the EN 1993‐4‐3. By implementation of the Eurocodes the part EN 1993‐4‐3 ”Pipelines” has also been published. Its real status within the wide field of existing pipeline‐standards for various applications needs closer explanation. In the ÖNORM B 1993‐4, i.e. the Austrian National Annex of the above Eurocode, such a commentary is g iven as well as additional rules for pressure piping of hydro‐power plants which so far were not covered by specific standardization. Although, presently restricted in application to power plants of limited magnitudes of internal pressure and pipe diameter the general concept and the background may be taken from this paper.
Ertüchtigung eines Gründerzeithauses für den Lastfall Erdbeben
Authors: Hejkrlik Gerhard , Weber Michail
Published: May 2011

Infolge einer Umwidmung eines ehemaligen Geschäftslokals in einen Kindergarten verlangte die Baubehörde eine Verbesserung der Horizontalaussteifung des in den 60er Jahren geschwächten Gründerzeitgebäudes. Die Erdbebensicherheit von Gründerzeithäusern wird erläutert. Die erfolgte Ertüchtigung des Gebäudes wird beschrieben.

Strengthening of a Gründerzeit building for the load case earthquake. As a consequence of a rededication of a former salesroom to a kindergarten the building authority demanded a strengthening of the horizontal stability of the Gründerzeit building, which was weakened by removing walls in the 1960s. The earthquake resistance of Gründerzeit buildings is explained. The strengthening of the building is described.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum dynamischen Verhalten von Eisenbahnbrücken mit Schotteroberbau
Authors: Kirchhofer Johannes , Fink Josef
Published: May 2011

Im Zuge der Erhöhung der Reisegeschwindigkeit der Westbahnstrecke auf bis zu 250 km/h wurden in den letzten Jahren von Seiten der ÖBB zahlreiche dynamische Brückenmessungen in Auftrag gegeben. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass Berechnung und Realität meist sehr stark differieren können. Dies liegt einerseits im Umstand, dass für Berechnungsmodelle im Zuge der Aufwandsminimierung immer gewisse Vereinfachungen in der Modellbildung vorgenommen werden müssen und somit die realen Verhältnisse nur bedingt abgebildet werden können, zum anderen ergeben sich durch konservative Annahmen der Normung stark auf der sicheren Seite liegende Eingangsgrößen. Gerade im Hinblick auf dynamische Berechnungen gibt die Norm für die anzusetzende Dämpfung des Systems sehr stark auf der sicheren Seite liegende Werte vor, welche gerade für Eisenbahnbrücken mit Schotteroberbau die realen Verhältnisse nicht abbilden. Um diesem Umstand Folge zu leisten, wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der ÖBB Versuche an einer realen Brückenstruktur durchgeführt. Die folgenden Seiten beinhalten die Ergebnisse und Auswertungen der dynamischen Schwingungsmessungen einer Eisenbahnbrücke aus Stahl auf der Strecke der Donauuferbahn zwischen St. Valentin und Krems.

Dynamic behaviour of a railway bridge with ballast superstructure — field trials and modal identification. The technical progress in the construction of railway bridges enables the realisation of more and more slender and lightweight structures. Also, the axle loads and travelling speeds of the operating trains were constantly increased over the past. Caused by these developments, the dynamic behaviour of railway bridges is getting more and more important for the design and construction of new structures or refurbishment purposes. To investigate the dynamic interaction between the ballast superstructure and the structure of the bridge, an experimental bridge has been built and tested with an innovative system of two eccentric weight vibration generators based on the methods of experimental modal analysis using the resonance method. The experiments show that the ballast superstructure affects the damping and the dynamic behaviour of the bridge in a nonlinear way. The following paper deals with the verification of the results achieved in the laboratory by carrying out field trails on existing railway bridges.
Digitale Vision und gebaute Wirklichkeit — Über das Bauen von geometrisch anspruchsvollen Gebäudehüllen
Authors: Ziegler René , Schneider Benjamin
Published: May 2011

Im letzten Jahrhundert haben Architekten für ihre Entwürfe vorwiegend geometrische Grundformen wie Würfel und Quader, Zylinder‐, Kegel‐ oder Torus‐Flächen verwendet. Seit den 60‐er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts werden die digitalen Werkzeuge der Designer aber ständig weiterentwickelt (Nurbsflächen) und tragen nun zu einer quasi unbegrenzten Erweiterung des Formenvokabulars bei. Computer und entsprechende Software (CAD/CAM) dienen nicht nur zur Erstellung von technischen Zeichnungen oder zur Ansteuerung von CNC‐Maschinen in der Fertigung, sondern unterstützen vor allem auch die Konzeption neuartiger biomorpher Formen. Die Arbeit mit digitalen Werkzeugen und Inhalten ist zum globalen Industriestandard geworden.

Die Tendenz, einfache lineare Formen aufzugeben, welche aus einer überschaubaren Anzahl einzelner ähnlicher Elemente bestehen, und diese durch einzigartige Skulpturen zu ersetzen, entstammt der schöpferischen Vision der Künstler und deren Willen, Dinge weit ab vom banalen Gebrauchsgegenstand zu schaffen. Diese Landmarks sind zu Sinnbildern von Eleganz, Anmut, Fortschritt und Innovation geworden.

Computerized vision and built reality — About the designing of complex building shapes. For the past century, architects have been using cylinders, cones, rotational and ruled surfaces for their designs. Meanwhile computers and corresponding software are necessary for throughout the architectural design and planning of the construction industry. Whether it is the draft of drawings or the design of new complex building shapes, working with digital content has become the standard for the industry. There is a continuous tendency to give up linear forms with easily manageable numbers of the same elements. Free‐form structures originated by the creativity of architects beginning in the last decade of the previous millennium have developed to symbols of elegance, grace, progress, and innovation. The construction of arbitrarily shaped building envelopes necessitates the computerized design and calculation of large numbers of unique elements.

This iconic or landmark architecture is commonly used to emphasize the brands of enterprises. To transfer the architectural concept into built reality, an intense collaboration of geometrical and structural engineers combined with production and material management experience is necessary to standardize complexity and hence increase the feasibility of the design.
Neue Bogenbrücke für die Koralmbahn — Mit Schwung von Graz nach Klagenfurt
Authors: La Poutré Dagowin , Vill Markus
Published: May 2011

Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt eine vor kurzem fertiggestellte Brücke über die zukünftige Koralmbahn im Süden Österreichs. Die Brücke wurde auf Basis des Corporate Design der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) für die gesamte Koralmbahn konzipiert. Die Straßenbrücke besteht aus auskragenden Stahlbetonwiderlagern mit zwei freistehenden nach innen geneigten Stahlbögen, von denen die Verbundfahrbahnplatte abgehängt ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird neben dem allgemeinen Entwurf besonders auf die Produktion der Bögen und deren Einfluss auf die Bemessung eingegangen.

New arch bridge for the Koralm Railway. This paper describes a recently built bridge over the future Koralm Railway in southern Austria. The bridge was designed according to the corporate design requirements of the Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB, Austrian Federal Railways). The bridge constitutes concrete cantilevering abutments with two free standing steel arches in a basket handle arrangement. From these arches a composite bridge deck is suspended. In this paper special attention is paid to the production of the arches and the influence it has on the structural design.
Stabilitätsnachweis von Stäben mit einfachsymmetrischen Querschnitten — Eurocode‐konforme Regelungen im österreichischen Nationalen Anhang zur EN 1993‐1‐1
Authors: Greiner Richard , Taras Andreas , Kaim Peter
Published: May 2011

Die Stabilitätsregeln für Stäbe im derzeitigen Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐1 sehen Bemessungsformeln — sogenannte Interaktionsformeln für Druck und Biegung — vor, die für den Hauptanwendungsbereich von gewalzten oder geschweißten I‐, H‐ und Hohlprofilen mit doppelt‐symmetrischen Querschnitten hergeleitet worden sind. Eine Erweiterung dieser Regeln auf einfach‐symmetrische Querschnitte wurde im österreichischen Nationalen Anhang ÖNORM B 1993‐1‐1 vorgenommen. Diese Regeln und ihr Hintergrund werden im vorliegenden Beitrag beschrieben.

Stability analysis of members with mono‐symmetric section shapes — Eurocode conforming rules in the Austrian National Annex for the EN 1993‐1‐1. The rules for member stability given in the existing Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐1 provide design formulae, called interaction‐formulae for bending and axial compression, which cover the main application range of rolled and welded pro files with double‐symmetric I‐, H‐ or hollow sections. An extension of these rules to mono‐symmetric section shapes has been implemented in the Austrian National Annex ÖNORM B 1993‐1‐1. The structure of these rules and the background are given in the present paper.
The chronic administration of cerebrolysin induces plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus in aged mice
Authors: Juárez Ismael , González Deniss Janeth , Mena Raúl , Flores Gonzalo
Published: May 2011

Cerebrolysin (Cbl) is a mixture of neuropeptides with effects similar to the endogenous neurotrophic factors and is considered one of the best drugs used in the treatment of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In brains with AD, morphological changes in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus have been reported. These changes are reflected particularly in the decrement of both the dendritic tree and spine density. Here we evaluated the effect of this drug on the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the PFC and CA1 dorsal hippocampus and granule cells from the dentate gyrus (DG) and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of aged mice. Cbl (5 ml kg−1, i.p.) was administered daily for 60 days to 6‐month‐old mice. Dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi‐Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at 8 months ages. In all Cbl‐treated mice a significant increase in dendritic spine density and dendritic length in pyramidal neurons of the PFC and granule cells of the DG was observed. Interestingly, the enhancement in dendritic length was close to the soma in pyramidal neurons of the PFC whereas in granule neurons of the DG the increase in dendritic length was further from the soma. Our results suggest that Cbl induces plastic modifications of dendritic morphology in the PFC and DG. These changes may explain the therapeutic effect seen in AD patients treated with Cbl. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of quercetin and chrysin on 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ciftci Osman , Vardi Nigar , Ozdemir Ilknur
Published: May 2011

The objective of current study is to investigate the effects of the administration of chrysin (CH) and quercetin (Q) on rat liver in which oxidative and histological damage had been induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). Rats were randomly divided into six equal groups. TCDD was orally administered at the dose of 2 μg/kg/week, and Q and CH were orally administered at the doses of 20 mg/kg day and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively, by gavages dissolved in corn oil. The liver samples to be analyzed for the determination of oxidative and histological alternations were taken from rats at 60 days. The results indicated that although 2,3,7,8‐TCDD significantly induced (P ≤ 0.01) lipid peroxidation (increase of MDA levels), it positively affected oxidant/antioxidant system (a decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GSH‐Px, and CuZn‐SOD) in rats significantly. The histological changes observed in the liver correlated with the biochemical findings. However, these effects of TCDD on oxidative and histological changes were eliminated by Q and CH treatment. In conclusion, TCDD caused an adverse effect on rat's liver. When Q and CH were given together with TCDD, they prevented hepatotoxicty induced by TCDD. Thus, it is thought that Q and CH may be useful as a new category of anti‐TCDD toxicity agent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Effects of trifluralin on the mouse ovary
Authors: Cecconi Sandra , Rossi Gianna , Carta Gaspare , Di Luigi Gianluca , Cellini Valerio , Canipari Rita , Buccione Roberto
Published: May 2011

Trifluralin, a herbicide used to protect many arable and horticultural crops, was evaluated for its potential toxicity on the mammalian ovary. To this end, adult female mice were fed or not (control) with a trifluralin‐enriched diet (150 mg/kg body weight/day) during gestation and lactation. After weaning, 3‐week‐old female mice from either trifluralin‐treated or control groups were used to evaluate whether the exposure to this herbicide in utero and during lactation could induce stress responses in the ovary. It was found that trifluralin exposure caused a significantly higher level of p53, but not of pRb, in the whole ovary, and in particular in granulosa cells. TUNEL staining showed that herbicide treatment did not increase the apoptotic index of the somatic compartment. Also oocyte fertilizability was unaffected, as metaphase II oocytes retrieved from treated mice were capable of forming male and female pronuclei after in vitro fertilization as control mice. However, trifluralin determined a slightly higher number of oocytes with cytoplasmic degeneration compared with control animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure to a low trifluralin dose during pregnancy and lactation does not impair oocyte quality, but can induce a stress response in ovarian somatic cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Toxicologic and immunologic effects of perinatal exposure to the brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) mixture DE‐71 in the Sprague‐Dawley rat
Authors: Bondy Genevieve S. , Lefebvre David E. , Aziz Syed , Cherry Wendy , Coady Laurie , MacLellan Ellen , Armstrong Cheryl , Barker Michael , Cooke Gerard , Gaertner Dean , Arnold Doug L. , Mehta Rekha , Rowsell Paul R.
Published: May 2011

Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human blood, tissues, and milk. To assess the impact of the commercial BDE mixture DE‐71 on the developing immune system in relation to hepatic and thyroid changes, adult (F0) rats were exposed to DE‐71 by gavage at doses of 0, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d for 21 weeks. F0 rats were bred and exposure continued through gestation, lactation and postweaning. F1 pups were weaned and exposed to DE‐71 by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 22 to 42. On PND 42, half of the F1 rats were assessed for toxicologic changes. The remaining F1 rats were challenged with the T‐dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and immune function was assessed on PND 56. Dose‐dependent increases in total BDE concentrations were detected in the liver and adipose of all F0 and F1 rats. In F0 rats, increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and decreased serum thyroxine (T4) were characteristic of DE‐71 exposure. In F1 rats perinatal DE‐71 exposure caused a nondose‐dependent increase in body weight and dose‐dependent increases in liver weight and hepatocellular hypertrophy. Serum T3 and T4 levels were decreased. In spleen from DE‐71 exposed rats the area occupied by B cells declined while the area occupied by T cells increased; however, cellular and humoral immune responses to KLH challenge were not altered. Thus hepatic and thyroid changes in rats exposed perinatally to DE‐71 were associated with altered splenic lymphocyte populations, an effect which has been linked to hypothyroidism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Metiram‐induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice: Effect of licorice aqueous extract
Authors: Sakr Saber , EL‐Kenawy Ayman , EL‐Sahra Doaa
Published: May 2011

The present study was designed to estimate the effect of aqueous extract of licorice on metiram toxicity in mice. Treating mice with metiram at a dose level of [1/2] LD50 daily for 3 weeks induced many histological changes in the kidney cortex. The renal tubules lost their characteristic appearance and their lining epithelial cells were degenerated. The glomeruli were atrophied and the renal blood vessels were congested. The intertubular spaces infiltrated by inflammatory leukocytic cells. Metiram caused an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in nuclei of tubular epithelial cells. Metiram also caused marked elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Treating animals with metiram and licorice aqueous extract led to an improvement, in both biochemical and histopathological alterations. These results proved that licorice had an ameliorative effect against kidney injury induced by metiram and this effect may be attributed to its antioxidant activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Coding‐aware routing and scheduling in WiMAX‐based mesh networks: a cross‐layer design approach
Authors: El‐Najjar Jad , Assi Chadi , Jaumard Brigitte
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we propose a cross‐layer design framework for the joint problem of coding‐aware routing and scheduling in WiMAX‐based mesh networks with unicast sessions. The model attempts to maximize the system throughput by exploiting opportunistic coding opportunities through appropriate routing and by achieving efficient spectrum reuse through appropriate link scheduling. We assume centralized scheduling at the base station and focus on minimizing the total schedule length to satisfy a certain traffic demand. Minimizing the schedule length is equivalent to maximizing the system throughput. We present a linear programming optimization model for the joint problem, which relies on the enumeration of all possible schedules. Given its complexity, we decompose the problem using a column generation approach. Our numerical results show that significant gains may be achieved when network coding is incorporated into the design. We compare the performance with that of a joint coding‐oblivious model with and without transmission power control. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative communications with relay selection for wireless networks: design issues and applications
Authors: Liang Xuedong , Chen Min , Balasingham Ilangko , Leung Victor C.M.
Published: May 2011

Relay selection schemes for cooperative communications to achieve full cooperative diversity gains while maintaining spectral and energy efficiency have been extensively studied in a recent research. These schemes select only the best relay from multiple relaying candidates to cooperate with a communication link. In the present paper, we reviewed recently proposed cooperative communication protocols that integrate with relay selection mechanisms. The key design issues for relay selection mechanisms, for example, relaying candidate selection, optimal relay assignment, and cooperative transmission, were identified. We further discussed the challenges of optimal relay assignment in multi‐hop wireless sensor networks and presented the potential applications of cooperative communications with a relay selection in such networks. Future research directions were outlined, for example, the issues of service differentiation and system fairness in cooperative communication systems and the joint use of game theory and adaptive learning techniques in relaying candidate selection and optimal‐relay assignment mechanisms for efficient allocation of network resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPA or DHA Supplementation Increases Triacylglycerol, but not Phospholipid, Levels in Isolated Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Righi Valeria , Di Nunzio Mattia , Danesi Francesca , Schenetti Luisa , Mucci Adele , Boschetti Elisa , Biagi Pierluigi , Bonora Sergio , Tugnoli Vitaliano , Bordoni Alessandra
Published: May 2011

It is well recognized that a high dietary intake of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) has profound benefits on health and prevention of chronic diseases. In particular, in recent years there has been a dramatic surge of interest in the health effects of n‐3 LC‐PUFA derived from fish, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Notwithstanding, the metabolic fate and the effects of these fatty acids once inside the cell has seldom been comprehensively investigated. Using cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes as model system we have investigated for the first time, by means of high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR‐MAS NMR) spectroscopy in combination with gas chromatography (GC), the modification occurring in the cell lipid environment after EPA and DHA supplementation. The most important difference between control and n‐3 LC‐PUFA‐supplemented cardiomyocytes highlighted by HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy is the increase of signals from mobile lipids, identified as triacylglycerols (TAG). The observed increase of mobile TAG is a metabolic response to n‐3 LC‐PUFA supplementation, which leads to an increased lipid storage. The sequestration of mobile lipids in lipid bodies provides a deposit of stored energy that can be accessed in a regulated fashion according to metabolic need. Interestingly, while n‐3 LC‐PUFA supplementation to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes causes a huge variation in the cell lipid environment, it does not induce detectable modifications in water‐soluble metabolites, suggesting negligible interference with normal metabolic processes.
Dry Fractionation and Crystallization Kinetics of High‐Oleic High‐Stearic Sunflower Oil
Authors: Bootello Miguel A. , Garcés Rafael , Martínez‐Force Enrique , Salas Joaquín J.
Published: May 2011

Fractionation of fats and oils makes it possible to generate products with specific properties from natural fats that contain a variety of triacylglycerol (TAG) species. High‐oleic high‐stearic (HOHS) sunflower oils contain high levels of saturated fatty acids, mainly stearate, on a high‐oleic background. Accordingly, HOHS oils could be a source of disaturated TAGs appropriate for cocoa butter equivalent formulations. We examined the kinetics of HOHS oil crystallization, paying special attention to the influence of crystal seeding and temperature on the process and the composition of the final fractions. This oil was fractionated at 18 °C, and seeding increased the amount of disaturated TAGs recovered in the precipitate from 23% to up to 30%. The experimental data collected were fitted using the models of Gompertz and Avrami to study how well these models fitted the data and their utility in predicting the progress of crystallization. At seeding additions above 0.25% there was a change in the crystallization mechanism that improved the process of fractionation. The effect of temperature was also studied, showing important increases in the maximum rates of crystallization when fractionations were carried out at lower temperatures. Finally, the melting profiles of the fractions enriched in saturated fatty acids were studied, showing amounts of solids intermediate between the initial oil and cocoa butter.
The Endosperm Morphology of Rice and its Wild Relatives as Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kasem S. , Waters D. L. E. , Rice N. F. , Shapter F. M. , Henry R. J.
Published: May 2011

While cultivated rice, Oryza sativa, is arguably the world’s most important cereal crop, there is little comparative morphological information available for the grain of rice wild relatives. In this study, the endosperm of 16 rice wild relatives were compared to O. sativa subspecies indica and O. sativa subspecies japonica using scanning electron microscopy. Although the aleurone, starch granules, protein bodies and endosperm cell shapes of the cultivated and non-cultivated species were similar, several differences were observed. The starch granules of some wild species had internal channels that have not been reported in cultivated rice. Oryza longiglumis, Microlaena stipoides and Potamophila parviflora, had an aleurone that was only one-cell thick in contrast to the multiple cell layers observed in the aleurone of the remaining Oryza species. The similarity of the endosperm morphology of undomesticated species with cultivated rice suggests that some wild species may have similar functional properties. Obtaining a better understanding of the wild rice species grain ultrastructure will assist in identifying potential opportunities for development of these wild species as new cultivated crops or for their inclusion in plant improvement programmes.
Adorno's Aesthetics of Music
Authors: Paddison Max
Published: May 2011

This introduction to the aesthetics and sociology of music of the German philosopher and music theorist T. W. Adorno is the only book to deal comprehensively with this topic and it has quickly established itself as a classic text.
Electronic Composites
Authors: Taya Minoru
Published: May 2011

Electronic composites, whose properties can be controlled by thermal or electromagnetic means, play an important role in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) such as sensors, actuators, filters and switches. This 2005 book describes the processing, simulation, and applications of electronic composites. The book begins with a review of the mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and coupling behaviour of electronic composites. Their major applications are then discussed. Key simulation models are described in detail and illustrated by reference to real examples. The book closes with a discussion of electronic composite processing, including MEMS design and packaging. The book contains a comprehensive list of references and is aimed at graduate students of electrical engineering and materials science. It will also be a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the MEMS industry.
Mikhail Bakhtin
Authors: Bernard-Donals Michael F.
Published: May 2011

The language theory of Mikhail Bakhtin does not fall neatly under any single rubric - 'dialogism,' 'marxism,' 'prosaics,' 'authorship' - because the philosophic foundation of his writing rests ambivalently between phenomenology and Marxism. The theoretical tension of these positions creates philosophical impasses in Bakhtin's work, which have been neglected or ignored partly because these impasses are themselves mirrored by the problems of antifoundationalist and materialist tendencies in literary scholarship. In Mikhail Bakhtin: Between Phenomenology and Marxism Michael Bernard-Donals examines various incarnations of phenomenological and materialist theory - including the work of Jauss, Fish, Rorty, Althusser, and Pecheux - and places them beside Bakhtin's work, providing a contextualised study of Bakhtin, a critique of the problems of contemporary critics, and an original contribution to literary theory.
Literature against Philosophy, Plato to Derrida
Authors: Edmundson Mark
Published: May 2011

This timely book argues that the institutionalisation of literary theory, particularly within American and British academic circles, has led to a sterility of thought which ignores the special character of literary art. Mark Edmundson traces the origins of this tendency to the ancient quarrel between philosophy and poetry, in which Plato took the side of philosophy; and he shows how the work of modern theorists - Foucault, Derrida, de Man and Bloom - exhibits similar drives to subsume poetic art into some 'higher' kind of thought. Challenging and controversial, this book should be read by all teachers of literature and of theory, and by anyone concerned about the future of institutionalised literary studies.
Sociology and Organization Theory
Authors: Hassard John
Published: May 2011

It has been claimed that organisation theory is in a state of 'crisis'. This book traces the history of the orthodox systems theory paradigm in organisation studies from its foundations in positivist sociology, through its theoretical and empirical development under structural-functionalism, to its recent deconstruction by postmodernists. The analysis offers general support for the 'sociology-in-crisis' thesis, but takes issue with one of its main propositions, that paradigms are incommensurable. It is argued that paradigms are porous rather than hermetic phenomena, a fact which has profound implications for the theory building process. Based on language-game philosophy, a dialectical theory is developed to illustrate how seemingly exclusive idioms can be mediated. The enquiry provides a pluri-paradigm method for organisational research, and an epistemological framework for postmodern organisational analysis.
The Retreat of Scientific Racism
Authors: Barkan Elazar
Published: May 2011

This fascinating study in the sociology of knowledge documents the refutation of scientific foundations for racism in Britain and the United States between the two World Wars, when racial differences were no longer attributed to cultural factors. Professor Barkan considers the social significance of this transformation, particularly its effect on race relations in the modern world. Discussing the work of the leading biologists and anthropologists who wrote between the wars, he argues that the impetus for the shift in ideologies came from the inclusion of outsiders (women, Jews, and leftists) who infused greater egalitarianism into scientific discourse. But even though the emerging view of race was constrained by a scientific language, he shows that modern theorists were as much influenced by social and political events as were their predecessors.
Faces of Degeneration
Authors: Pick Daniel
Published: May 2011

This book investigates the specific conception and descent of a language of 'degeneration' from 1848–1918, with particular reference to France, Italy and England. Daniel Pick shows how in the refraction and wake of evolution and naturalism, new images and theories of atavism, 'degenerescence' and socio-biological decline emerged in European culture and politics. He indicates the wide cultural and political importance of the idea of degeneration, whilst showing that the notion could mean different things at different times in different places.
Incomes and the Welfare State
Authors: Atkinson Anthony Barnes
Published: May 2011

The Welfare State is a key policy issue of the 1990s. The essays in this book depart from much of the recent economic debate in emphasising the positive contributions of the Welfare State, and in assessing its efficiency in relation to the objectives which it is intended to achieve. These objectives are not just the alleviation of poverty but more broadly the provision of security and the redistribution of income. Part A of the book sets the current debate in the context of the current evidence about income inequality and poverty in Europe. Part B analyses the existing role of the Welfare State, with particular reference to retirement pensions and unemployment benefit. Part C investigates proposals for reform and security. What is the case for greater targeting? How can we design a social safety net? What is the future of European social protection policy?
Slow Death for Slavery
Authors: Lovejoy Paul E. , Hogendorn Jan S.
Published: May 2011

This book examines the gradual decline of slavery in Northern Nigeria during the first forty years of colonial rule. At the time of the British conquest, the Sokoto Caliphate was one of the largest slave societies in modern history. The authors have written a thoughtful and provocative book which raises doubts over the moral legitimacy of both the Sokoto Caliphate and the colonial state. They chart the development of British colonial policy towards resolving the dilemma of slavery and how to end it.
Palestinian Peasants and Ottoman Officials
Authors: Singer Amy
Published: May 2011

In a unique study of rural administration in the Ottoman Empire, Amy Singer explores the relationship between Palestinian peasants and Ottoman provincial officials around Jerusalem in the mid-sixteenth century. With the use of court records, the author provides a detailed account of local conditions of production, the mechanisms for assessing and collecting taxes, and the strategies that were evolved in evading them. The book emphasises the complex, colourful and interactive nature of Ottoman provincial administration, which, while obliged to extract revenues from the peasants and impress them with the power of imperial authority, was nevertheless profoundly influenced by local conditions and traditional practices in its dealings with the populace.
Philosophy, Psychology and Psychiatry
Authors: Griffiths A. Phillips
Published: May 2011

Philosophy of mind as traditionally understood has rarely engaged directly with psychology and psychiatry. This collection establishes the importance of this interdisciplinary approach and explores new directions in the 'philosophy of psychiatry and psychology'. The essays are by a distinguished group of contributors whose interests and expertise embrace the cognitive, biological and medical sciences as well as the social sciences and humanities. The topics are wide ranging and raise fundamental questions such as what establishes personality or personal identity; how should insanity - or sanity - be defined; what is 'consent'? Readers, like the contributors, will come from a wide range of backgrounds, and find the volume suggests new approaches and offers new insights.
The Structure of the Proton
Authors: Roberts R. G.
Published: May 2011

This graduate/research level book describes our present knowledge of protons and neutrons, the particles which make up the nucleus of the atom. Experiments using high energy electrons, muons and neutrinos reveal the proton as being made up of point-like constituents, quarks. The strong forces which bind the quarks together are described in terms of the modern theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the 'glue' binding the quarks being mediated by new constituents called gluons. Larger and new particle accelerators probe the interactions between quarks and gluons at shorter distances. The understanding of this detailed substructure and of the fundamental forces responsible is one of the keys to unravelling the physics of the structure of matter. This book will be of interest to all theoretical and experimental particle physicists.
The Skills of Argument
Authors: Kuhn Deanna
Published: May 2011

The Skills of Argument presents a comprehensive empirical study of informal reasoning as argument, involving subjects across the life span. Subjects ranging in age from adolescence to late adulthood were asked to describe their views on social problems that people have occasion to think and talk about in everyday life, such as crime and unemployment. In addition to providing supporting evidence for their theories, subjects were asked to contemplate alternative theories and counterarguments and to evaluate new evidence on the topics. This is the first major study of informal reasoning across the life span. Highlighting the importance of argumentive reasoning in everyday thought, the book offers a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and studying thinking as argument. The findings address issues of major importance to cognitive and developmental psychologists, as well as educators concerned with improving the quality of people's thinking. The work is also relevant to philosophers, political scientists, and linguists interested in informal reasoning and argumentive discourse.
Corticonics
Authors: Abeles M.
Published: May 2011

Understanding how the brain works is probably the greatest scientific and intellectual challenge of our generation. The cerebral cortex is the instrument by which we carry the most complex mental functions. Fortunately, there exists an immense body of knowledge concerning both cortical structure and the properties of single neurons in the cortex. With the advent of the supercomputer, there has been increased interest in neural network modeling. What is needed is a new approach to an understanding of the mammalian cerebral cortex that will provide a link between the physiological description and the computer model. This book meets that need by combining anatomy, physiology, and modeling to achieve a quantitative description of cortical function. The material is presented didactically, starting with descriptive anatomy and comprehensively examining all aspects of modeling. The book gradually leads the reader from the macroscopic cortical anatomy and standard electrophysiological properties of single neurons to neural network models and synfire chains. The most modern trends in neural network modeling are explored.
A Modern History of Tanganyika
Authors: Iliffe John
Published: May 2011

This is the first comprehensive and fully documented history of modern Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania). After introductory chapters on the nineteenth century, Dr Iliffe concentrates on the colonial period, and especially on economic, social and intellectual change among Africans as the core of their colonial experience and the basis of their political behaviour. Particularl attention is paid to the consequences for small-scale societies of their incorporation into the international order; the impact of capitlaism and the emergence of capitalist relationships and attitudes; African attempts to defend or reform indigenous institutions and to organise movements of protest or revolt against European control; the successive formation and dissolution of a specifically colonial society; and the effects of economic change on Tanganyika's ecology in modern times. The book brings together the research which scholars of many nationalities have carried out in Tanzania over the last twenty years, and attempts to synthesise their findings with the evidence available from African and European records in Tanzania, Britain and Germany.
A Genealogy of Sovereignty
Authors: Bartelson Jens
Published: May 2011

The concept of sovereignty is central to international relations theory and theories of state formation, and provides the foundation of the conventional separation of modern politics into domestic and international spheres. In this book Jens Bartelson provides a critical analysis and conceptual history of sovereignty, dealing with this separation as reflected in philosophical and political texts during three periods: the Renaissance, the Classical Age, and Modernity. He argues that the concept of sovereignty and its place within political discourse are conditioned by philosophical and historiographical discontinuities between the periods, and that sovereignty should be regarded as a concept contingent upon, rather than fundamental to, political science and its history.
Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War
Authors: Chadwick Owen
Published: May 2011

The book studies the use made by the British government of its envoy, immured inside the Vatican from 1940 to 1944, and what the envoy made of such opportunities during the Second World War to help the Allied cause. We see the Vatican, the Fascist Italy, from 'inside', and so gain a new and rare perspective into the predicament of the papacy. Owen Chadwick gives insight into the workings of the Vatican, including such questions as the struggle to keep Italy out of the war, the relations between the Vatican and the Fascist government, the use which the British sought to make of Vatican radio, the question of condemning atrocities, the bombing of Rome, the fall of Fascism, the armistice between the Allies and Italy, the German occupation of Rome, and the escape line for British prisoners of war. The author has used several groups of hitherto unexplored archives, and makes a fresh contribution both to the history of the Second World War and to the modern history of the papacy.
Phase Transitions in Ferroelastic and Co-elastic Crystals
Authors: Salje E. K.
Published: May 2011

This textbook describes the fundamental principles of structural phase transitions in materials in an easily understandable form, suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students. Ferroelasticity, twinning and related microstructures are described. Landau-type theories of phase transitions are introduced, together with details of elastic and specific heat anomalies, the formation of spontaneous strain, and the generation of solitary waves at temperatures close to the transition point. Many materials used in industry are crystals. These crystals often show anomalies such as sudden softening or embrittlement at certain temperatures; if controlled, such behaviour can be extremely useful for manufacturing and high technology applications. This is one of the first books to describe the recently determined physical origins of such behaviour, and provides an insight into the important thermodynamic principles and microstructural properties involved.