bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modular Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Chiral β‐Lactams via Three‐Component Asymmetric Kinugasa/Aldol or Kinugasa/Mannich Cascade Reactions
Authors: Wang Linxuan , Qi Jialin , Li Haoyu , Xu Zhenghu
Published: November 2024

The β‐lactam scaffolds are the prevalent structural units in antibiotics and natural products. Herein, three‐component asymmetric Kinugasa/aldol and Kinugasa/Mannich cascade reactions have been developed for constructing α‐quaternary chiral β‐lactams. This method involved the tandem reaction of alkynes, nitrones and aldehydes (or imines), resulting in the formation of three sequential stereocenters controlled by copper(I) catalysts and chiral bis(oxazolidine) ligands. The developed protocol features high enantioselectivity, good reaction efficiency, and mild operational conditions, representing a practical and sustainable synthetic tool for the construction of functionalized chiral β‐lactams.
A Rare Case of Magnesium Alkyl Mediated CO‐to‐Alkoxide Conversion
Authors: Townrow Oliver P. E. , Richter Tim , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd
Published: November 2024

Alcohols can be produced by nucleophilic addition at the C=O functional group of ketones or aldehydes. Such C−C bond formations generally proceed smoothly and selective. In contrast, nucleophilic addition at carbon monoxide is considerably more complex and unselective due to the instability of polar metal acyl intermediates. Herein, we report a magnesium alkyl complex, stabilised with a dipyrromethenide ligand, and its reactivity with CO2 and CO. Whilst the reaction with CO2 gave the expected carboxylate, reaction with CO took a surprising course, resulting in an alkoxide by formation of three new C−C bonds in a single reaction. An intertwined experimental and computational approach sheds light on the unusual reactivity of a carbene intermediate.
Comparison of Various Methods and Detectors to Determine Isotherms Using Self‐Packed Columns
Authors: Heiduk Caroline , Miao Xiushi , Scholl Stephan
Published: November 2024

The study aims to determine adsorption isotherms through dynamic methods, including elution by characteristic point (ECP) and frontal analysis (FA), using a model system of beta zeolite and an aqueous sorbitol solution. The investigation specifically focuses on self‐packed fixed‐bed columns with a low number of theoretical plates Nt. It details the packing method optimization for these columns and identifies key challenges. Ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) and refractive index (RI) detectors, including parameters such as rise time trise and wavelength λ, are thoroughly compared in this study. Various models are assessed for their appropriateness in predicting the isotherms. The study's practical implications have the potential to enhance research and industrial applications in the field of adsorption, particularly with regard to the optimization of adsorbent materials and detection methods.
Definite Treatment Delay With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Longitudinal Monitoring by Circulating Tumor DNA for Advanced Cervical Cancer During Pregnancy: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Yu Hong , Chen Kai , Ding Bo , Shen Yang
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies mainly concentrate on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for delivery delay in FIGO Stage IB1–IIIB cervical cancer during pregnancy to prevent early preterm delivery while not affecting maternal outcome.

Case

Here, we described two pregnant patients with FIGO Stage IIIC cervical cancer about their diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Both patients underwent cesarean delivery, left enlarged lymph node dissection, and longitudinal monitoring by circulating tumor DNA. Our study suggested that pregnant patient was completely response to NACT, which was confirmed by ctDNA monitoring, followed by left pelvic enlarged lymph node dissection during cesarean section and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy postpartum. The infant grew normally, without any evidence of chemotherapy‐related side effects after delivery.

Conclusion

In pregnant women with advanced cervical cancer, longitudinal ctDNA monitoring might be able to evaluate maternal response to NACT and confirm if delivery delay to optimize fetal outcome would compacting the maternal outcomes or not. Cervical cancer may not transmit across the placental barrier and so it is safe for delayed delivery until fetal maturity in utero during pregnancy.
Total Minimally Invasive Curative Staged Resections After Induction Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Rectal Cancer
Authors: Takahashi Tohru , Ishii Takahiro , Maejima Taku , Miyazaki Dai , Fukahori Susumu , Kuwahara Hiroaki , Aimono Eriko , Kimura Taichi , Yanai Mitsuru , Hagiwara Masahiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Intensified systemic chemotherapy following minimally invasive surgery for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer is performed to achieve curative resection and improve quality of life. We report a case of initially unresectable rectal cancer with metastases treated with laparoscopic and thoracoscopic staged resections after triplet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.

Case

A 71‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital to examine the cause of constipation. A circumferential adenocarcinoma with extramural invasion and lateral lymphadenopathy was identified in the lower rectum with simultaneous metastatic liver and lung tumors. Intensified triplet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab was conducted to treat oncologically unresectable rectal cancer to avoid positive radial margins during surgical resection. Eleven cycles of chemotherapy resulted in regression of the tumors with metastases. Laparoscopic low anterior resection with lateral lymph node dissection was performed. Three months later, laparoscopic liver resection of the posterosuperior segment was performed without complications. Finally, the patient underwent thoracoscopic‐assisted pulmonary segmentectomy of the right basal lobe. All resected tumors had negative surgical margins, and the patient has been surviving without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive staged resection and intensified chemotherapy for the treatment of initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer should be performed by a skilled surgical team in coordination with a multidisciplinary team.
Color collection and data analysis of classical gardens—A case study of Tang style gardens in Xi'an
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tian Yonggang , Liu Yuyi , Cao Keran , Liu Chuanyin
Published: November 2024

Garden color plays a key role in creating a spatial atmosphere, artistic conception and regional landscape characteristics. The Chinese classical garden has a profound traditional Chinese culture at its core, and its color collocation is a microcosm of Chinese culture. An in‐depth exploration of the color matching of classical gardens is helpful for promoting the organic combination of modern urban construction needs and traditional culture. Therefore, this paper takes Tang‐style gardens in Xi'an as an example and selects five typical classical gardens to study the color characteristics of garden elements, uses natural color system (NCS) to record color data from classical garden elements, establishes a color map, and quantitatively evaluates the color harmony of classical garden elements on the basis of Moon Spencer (M‐S) color harmony theory. Research has revealed that the color system of Tang‐style gardens in Xi'an is unique and includes 244 NCS standard colors with a wide distribution of hues. The study distinguishes between humanistic environment colors and natural environment colors that vary greatly with season, and provides a wide color range that reflects the beauty of nature. The color range of the humanistic environment appears calm and solemn, with colors having low blackness and low chromaticness in general. There is a certain difference in color harmony between natural and cultural environment colors, but the overall color harmony is good. This paper not only enriches the color theory system of Tang‐style gardens but also provides a reference for promoting the scientific application of traditional urban colors in modern urban landscape construction.
Modulating Built‐In Electronic Configuration via Variable Al Doping for Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Chunhui , Yang Yonggang , Qiao Haiyan , Hao Jinhui , Shi Weiwei , Yu Zong‐Bao , Yang Lei
Published: November 2024

Transition metal‐based electrocatalysts play a crucial role in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their heavy reliance on free electrons at the d‐band significantly limits the screening of potentially efficient, earth‐abundant alternatives. Despite extensive exploration of catalyst engineering through multi‐metal cooperation to modulate electron configuration by introducing additional transition metals, practical success remains elusive. Here, we present a straightforward electrodeposition method for preparing amorphous FeCoAl hydroxide catalysts. The introduction of Al contributes external free electrons, enabling a well‐defined electron configuration for intermediate adsorption. Al doping also adjusts the d‐band position of adjacent Co atoms, bringing them closer to the Fermi level and significantly enhancing intrinsic activity at the active sites. Furthermore, Al dopants facilitate rapid mass and charge transfer near the catalyst layer, promoting faster reaction kinetics. Leveraging these properties, the FeCoAl hydroxide catalyst achieves a large current density of 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 340 mV, with a small Tafel slope of 29.1 mV dec−1. Our work provides valuable insights for designing efficient electrocatalysts by leveraging free electron‐rich metal doping and expanding the parameter space for catalyst engineering.
Ultrasonic disintegration effects on excess sludge with different‐sized ultrasonic probes
Authors: Atay Şeyma , Akbal Feryal , Özbey Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Ultrasonic disintegration based on lysis‐cryptic growth improves sludge characteristics. Many factors affect ultrasonic disintegration of the excess sludge. This study aimed to provide better insight into ultrasonic disintegration effects on excess sludge at different energy levels, probes, and times. The results demonstrated that ultrasonic disintegration with 13 and 25 mm probes released significant amounts of chemical oxygen, and the degree of disintegration (DDCOD) significantly (p < 0.001) increased with specific energy (ES) input. The results indicated that the total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and Escherichia coli (EC) counts increased at lower energy levels and decreased at higher energy levels. Consequently, bacterial inactivation significantly (p < 0.001) increased. According to the EPA 40 CFR 503 regulation, ultrasonic disintegration based on lysis‐cryptic growth produces Class B biosolid and can be recommended as a process to reduce pathogens. This study examined that the tip diameter of the probe is an important parameter for ultrasonic disintegration. At the same sonication time and amplitude, probes with smaller tip diameters produced greater cavitation density, whereas probes with larger tip diameters produced less cavitation intensity. Additionally, probes with larger tip diameters were less costly at higher ES levels so that they could be integrated into full‐scale applications at higher ES levels.
Previously defined variants of uncertain significance may play an important role in epilepsy and interactions between certain variants may become pathogenic
Authors: Hussein Yara , Weisblum‐Neuman Hila , Ben Zeev Bruria , Stern Shani
Published: November 2024

Objective

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder related to various etiologies, and the prevalence of active epilepsy is estimated to be between 4 and 10 per 1000 individuals having a significant role in genetic mutations. Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) panels are utilized for genetic testing, but a substantial proportion of the results remain uncertain and are not considered directly causative of epilepsy. This study aimed to reevaluate pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy who underwent genetic investigation using NGS panels, focusing on inconclusive variant findings or multiple variants of uncertain significance (VUSs).

Methods

A subgroup of pediatric patients aged 0–25 years, diagnosed with epilepsy, who underwent genetic investigation with an NGS epilepsy panel at the Child Neurology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, between 2018 and 2022 through Invitae, was reevaluated. Patients with inconclusive variant findings or multiple VUSs in their test results were included. Genetic data were analyzed to identify potentially pathogenic variants and frequent genetic combinations.

Results

Two unrelated potentially pathogenic variants were identified in the SCN9A and QARS1 genes. A frequent genetic combination, RANBP2&RYR3, was also observed among other combinations. The RANBP2 gene consistently co‐occurred with RYR3 variants in uncertain results, suggesting potential pathogenicity. Analysis of unaffected parents' data revealed certain combinations inherited from different parents, suggesting specific gene combinations as possible risk factors for the disease.

Significance

This study highlights the importance of reevaluating genetic data from pediatric epilepsy patients with inconclusive variant findings or multiple VUSs. Identification of potentially pathogenic variants and frequent genetic combinations, such as RANBP2&RYR3, could aid in understanding the genetic basis of epilepsy and identifying potential hotspots.

Plain Language Summary

We have performed a retrospective analysis on a subpopulation of pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy. We found that specific genetic variants were repeatable, indicating their potential pathogenicity to the disease.
Subcortical Alterations in Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy and Associated Changes in Brain Connectivity and Cognition
Authors: de Bézenac Christophe E. , Leek Nicola , Adan Guleed H. , Mohanraj Rajiv , Biswas Shubhabrata , Marson Anthony G. , Keller Simon S.
Published: November 2024

Patients with chronic focal epilepsy commonly exhibit subcortical atrophy, particularly of the thalamus. The timing of these alterations remains uncertain, though preliminary evidence suggests that observable changes may already be present at diagnosis. It is also not yet known how these morphological changes are linked to the coherence of white matter pathways throughout the brain, or to neuropsychological function often compromised before antiseizure medication treatment. This study investigates localized atrophy in subcortical regions using surface shape analysis in individuals with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy (NDfE) and assesses their implications on brain connectivity and cognitive function. We collected structural (T1w) and diffusion‐weighted MRI and neuropsychological data from 104 patients with NDfE and 45 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and education. A vertex‐based shape analysis was performed on subcortical structures to compare patients with NDfE and HC, adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. The mean deformation of significance areas (pcor < 0.05) was used to identify white matter pathways associated with overall shape alterations in patients relative to controls using correlational tractography. Additionally, the relationship between significant subcortical shape values and neuropsychological outcomes was evaluated using a generalized canonical correlation approach. Shape analysis revealed bilateral focal inward deformation (a proxy for localized atrophy) in anterior areas of the right and left thalamus and right pallidum in patients with NDfE compared to HC (FWE corrected). No structures showed areas of outward deformation in patients. The connectometry analysis revealed that fractional anisotropy (FA) was positively correlated with thalamic and pallidal shape deformation, that is, reduced FA was associated with inward deformation in tracts proximal to and or connecting with the thalamus including the fornix, frontal, parahippocampal, and corticothalamic pathways. Thalamic and pallidal shape changes were also related to increased depression and anxiety and reduced memory and cognitive function. These findings suggest that atrophy of the thalamus, which has previously been associated with the generation and maintenance of focal seizures, may present at epilepsy diagnosis and relate to alterations in both white matter connectivity and cognitive performance. We suggest that at least some alterations in brain structure and consequent impact on cognitive and affective processes are the result of early epileptogenic processes rather than exclusively due to the chronicity of longstanding epilepsy, recurrent seizures, and treatment with antiseizure medication.
Prevalence, Predictors and Reasons for Discharge Against Medical Advice Among Patients With Chronic Disease During COVID‐19
Authors: Al‐Bataineh Raya T. , Ghaith Ahmad H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is used in healthcare facilities in a situation where patients refuse care or decide to leave the hospital before the treating physician recommends discharge. Previous studies have found DAMA to be prevalent among patients with various chronic conditions. The study had four objectives. The study aimed to investigate: (1) the prevalence of DAMA during COVID‐19 (2020–2021) among Jordanian patients with chronic diseases, (2) the association between DAMA and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic diseases, (3) the predictors of DAMA and (4) the reasons behind DAMA at the patient, hospital and environmental levels.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional correlational design was used in the study. A convenience sampling approach was used to collect data from 1576 patients with chronic diseases from 3 private hospitals.

Results

The study found that the prevalence rate of DAMA was 33.3%. There was a significant association between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic diseases and DAMA. Health insurance found to be the strongest predictor of DAMA. Finally, the study found that patient, hospital and environmental‐related factors had a low impact on DAMA.

Conclusions

DAMA is prevalent among patients with chronic diseases in Jordan during COVID‐19 pandemic. The current study's findings can serve as an empirical basis for planning and implementing DAMA prevention programs and/or establishing or revising policies for the target population.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Accelerating Vaccine Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Barreto Marina dos Santos , Correa Adriana Kelly Santana , Santos Ronaldy Santana , Silva Eloia Emanuelly Dias , Silva Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues , Moura Pedro Henrique Macedo , Jesus Pamela Chaves de , Souza Jessiane Bispo de , Santana Lucas Alves da Mota , Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi , Hariharan Govindasamy , Guimarães Adriana Gibara , Borges Lysandro Pinto
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been studied and applied to medicines and vaccine development. However, there is still a need to understand the processes used and improve them. With this letter, we draw attention to AI use as a tool in vaccine production, supporting scientists and enabling optimization in this process. In this way, it can be applied to contain pandemics and epidemics.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pediatric COVID‐19: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mirkarimi Mohammadreza , Heidari Solmaz , Shamsizadeh Ahmad , Tahouri Kia , Alisamir Mohsen , Fathi Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Shooka
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

There is a demand for additional data regarding the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the pediatric population. This study sought to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of pediatric COVID‐19 in Iran.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed to assess medical records of children with COVID‐19 admitted to Abuzar Hospital in Ahvaz (Iran). Their clinical and demographic data were recorded.

Results

In this study, 600 medical records of pediatric COVID‐19 patients were evaluated. Over 50% of them were boys. Mild, moderate, and severe manifestations of COVID‐19 were identified in 250, 200, and 150 children, respectively. Patients with severe or moderate COVID‐19 had substantially higher levels of various inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and d‐dimer), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), bilirubin, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) compared to children with mild COVID‐19 (p < 0.001); they also had lower levels of lymphocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and vitamin D than patients with mild COVID‐19 (p < 0.001). In addition, children with severe or moderate COVID‐19 had a notably higher incidence of fever or dry cough and longer hospital stays than those with mild COVID‐19 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of malnutrition and anemia in patients was 50.6% and 31.5%, respectively. A significant proportion of children who were underweight and stunted experienced moderate to severe COVID‐19. Furthermore, there was a considerably higher prevalence of malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency in children with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 compared to patients with mild COVID‐19 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The outcomes of this study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition, anemia, vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, elevated liver and kidney function test results, and increased inflammatory markers in children with moderate to severe COVID‐19 compared to those with mild COVID‐19.
Association between inflammation‐related indicators and vertebral fracture in older adults in the United States: A cross‐sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
Authors: Gou Yuwei , Xie Xiansong , Yin Heng , Wu Yucheng , Wen Yongjie , Zhang Yingbo
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study was to examine the association between inflammation‐related indexes SII (systemic immune‐inflammation index), NLR (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio), PPN (product of platelet count and neutrophil count), and PLR (platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio), and the occurrence of vertebral fractures in older Americans.

Methods

Patients ⩾60 years of age from the 2013–2014 NHANES database were selected for this study. Restricted cubic spline models and weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between inflammation‐related indexes and the occurrence of vertebral fractures in older Americans. The predictive value of the inflammation‐related indexes on the occurrence of vertebral fractures was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). To examine the robustness of the main findings, a sensitivity analysis was conducted.

Results

A total of 1281 patients were included in the analysis, of whole 120 suffered vertebral fractures. Fully adjusted logistic regression showed a significant linear relationship between NLR and the occurrence of vertebral fracture in older Americans (p < .05), but no relationship was found between SII, PLR, and the occurrence of vertebral fracture in older Americans. Meanwhile, NLR was slightly better than other indicators in predicting vertebral fracture.

Conclusions

This study found that NLR, as a novel inflammatory marker, can predict the risk of vertebral fracture in older Americans, which is of clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of vertebral fracture in older adults.
Hypoxia and TNF‐alpha modulate extracellular vesicle release from human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Viola Margarida , Bebelman Maarten P. , Maas Renee G. C. , de Voogt Willemijn S. , Verweij Frederik J. , Seinen Cor S. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Vader Pieter , Pegtel Dirk Michiel , Petrus Gerardus Sluijter Joost
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in the heart under homeostatic and pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI). However, the basic mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte‐derived EV (CM‐EV) production following stress are poorly understood. In this study, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) that express NanoLuc‐tetraspanin reporters. These modified hiPSC‐CMs allow for quantification of tetraspanin‐positive CM‐EV secretion from small numbers of cells without the need for time‐consuming EV isolation techniques. We subjected these cells to a panel of small molecules to study their effect on CM‐EV biogenesis and secretion under basal and stress‐associated conditions. We observed that EV biogenesis is context‐dependent in hiPSC‐CMs. Nutrient starvation decreases CM‐EV secretion while hypoxia increases the production of CM‐EVs in a nSmase2‐dependent manner. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α increased CM‐EV secretion through a process involving NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mTOR signalling. Here, we detailed for the first time the regulatory mechanisms of EV biogenesis in hiPSC‐CMs upon MI‐associated stressors.
Real‐time demands, restaurant density, and delivery reliability: An empirical analysis of on‐demand meal delivery
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Wang Xuequn , Liu Zilong , Zhang Jie , Tang Jiafu
Published: November 2024

A surge in technological advancements and innovations has spurred the rise of on‐demand meal delivery platforms. Despite their widespread appeal, these platforms face two critical challenges (i.e., order batching and demand allocation) in effectively managing the delivery process while maintaining reliability. In response, this study aims to address these two challenges by examining the effects of real‐time demands and restaurant density on delivery reliability, as well as how the type of driver (i.e., in‐house versus crowdsourced drivers) moderates these effects. We evaluated our model with a unique dataset obtained from one of the top three on‐demand meal delivery platforms in China, and our research sheds light on several key findings. Specifically, our study finds inverted U‐shaped relationships between real‐time demands and delivery reliability and a positive relationship between restaurant density and delivery reliability. In addition, it reveals that crowdsourced drivers perform better than in‐house drivers under high real‐time demands. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying how delivery reliability can be influenced by real‐time demands and restaurant density. The results offer important implications for on‐demand meal delivery platforms to improve delivery performance and allocate demands amid complicated market conditions.
Imaging of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies
Authors: Caruso Damiano , Sammartino Paolo , Polici Michela , Masci Giorgio , Biacchi Daniele , Zerunian Marta , Scuto Daniele , Gallotti Maria Gloria , Iafrate Franco , Laghi Andrea
Published: November 2024

Management of peritoneal surface malignancies is currently entrusted to a multimodality approach. Computed tomography (CT) scan remains the first imaging method despite the limitations in identifying small implants in critical regions. Magnetic resonance imaging is usually recommended for its performance in small implants, mesentery, and small bowel assessment. Positron emission tomography/CT plays an important role only in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Thus, becoming aware of the imaging strengths and drawbacks and having a multimodality imaging approach might be the best option for the patients.
The Impact of Chondrosarcoma with Positive Margins and Extraosseous Extension on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Yu Austin , Poulson Trevor , Butler Zachary , Demetrious Matthew , Colman Matthew , Gitelis Steven , Blank Alan T.
Published: November 2024

Background

Chondrosarcoma accounts for 20% of all bony sarcomas and may present with extraosseous extension (EOE). The presence of an extraosseous component, along with positive surgical margins, has been separately associated with increased risk of local recurrence and decreased survival. This study compared the outcomes between patients with EOE, EOE and positive margins, and a control chondrosarcoma cohort with neither feature.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 91 patients over a consecutive 13‐year period. Data including treatment details and outcomes were included. Thirty‐two patients had EOE of their chondrosarcoma, 7 patients had positive margins and EOE, and 52 chondrosarcoma patients had neither characteristic. Tumor characteristics, patient demographics, and overall survival, recurrence rates, and metastatic rates were compared among the three groups.

Results

Patients with positive surgical margins and EOE were noted to have significantly higher resection grade, dedifferentiation on presentation, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy compared to control. Patients with EOE alone were noted to have significantly higher grade and use of adjuvant chemotherapy compared to control. Patients with positive surgical margins and EOE additionally had significantly higher rates of mortality, recurrence, and metastasis on survival analysis compared to control. However, patients with EOE alone did not have significantly different survival rates compared to control.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first to analyze the survival impact of EOE with positive surgical margins in chondrosarcoma. The significance found in mortality, recurrence, and metastatic rates in this unique subgroup may warrant further longitudinal observation and dictate future treatment options.
TERT Gene Mutation in Gliomas Cross‐Linked With (NTRK, PDL1, ALK, IDH, P53, EGFR, HER2): A Integrative Review TERT Gene Mutation in Gliomas
Authors: Santos Gunter Gerson , Nogueira Guilherme Nobre , Saldanha Iasmin Maria Rodrigues , Farias Ana Gabriela Ponte , Mateus Cauan Miranda , Neto Osvaldo Mariano Viana , Teixeira Maria Jânia
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Recent advancements in glioma treatment are largely driven by the identification of genetic alterations, which enhance diagnostic precision and prognostic assessments, and unveil potential therapeutic targets. TERT promoter mutations, in particular, are associated with a poorer prognosis and aggressive clinical behavior.

Methodology

This study explores the genetic interplay between TERT and other genes (ntrk, pdl1, alk, idh, p53, egfr, her2) in brain tumors through an integrative literature review. This method synthesizes evidence from selected articles spanning 2014 to 2023.

Results

The review identified 65 articles based on defined inclusion criteria, out of which 14 were analyzed in depth. Findings reveal that TERT, TP53, and IDH1 are the most frequently mutated genes in gliomas. The prognosis of glioma patients can be refined through the combined analysis of IDH and TERT mutations. Additionally, PD‐L1 expression levels are associated with prognosis and may influence treatment responses, particularly, in immunotherapy.

Discussion

The study underscores the importance of molecular diagnostics, such as Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS), in detecting key genetic mutations. These advancements have paved the way for new therapeutic strategies and better patient outcomes. The findings highlight the crucial role of genetic markers in glioma treatment and prognosis, advocating for continued research to enhance clinical applications and patient care.

Conclusion

The use of NGS is indispensable in identifying biomarkers associated with mutations in the TERT gene.
Three‐Dimensional Volume Ultrasound Assessment of Cesarean Scar Niche and Cervix in Pregnant Women
Authors: Ivan Maria , Mahdy Heba , Banerjee Amrita , Tetteh Amos , Greenwold Natalie , Casagrandi Davide , Jurkovic Davor , Napolitano Raffaele , David Anna L.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the reproducibility of standardized 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volume analysis of the dimensions and the position of cesarean birth (CB) scar niche relative to the cervix in pregnant women.

Methods

This prospective single‐center study in women with 1 previous CB ≥8 cm cervical dilatation acquired ultrasound volumes between 11 and 24 weeks' gestation in a mid‐sagittal plane. Two experienced operators processed the volumes using virtual organ computer‐aided analysis. A CB scar niche was defined as an indentation at the scar site of ≥2 mm in depth. Niche and cervix volumes were calculated using manual contouring. Agreement for categorical variables was expressed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland–Altman method was used to assess numerical variable reproducibility.

Results

To achieve the desired statistical power, 52 participants were included. The intraobserver agreement on niche classification relative to the internal os was 100%, with an interobserver kappa coefficient of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–0.99, P < .05).

The intraobserver ICC for niche volume was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.96; P < .001), with a mean difference of −15.32 mm3 (±109.32). The interobserver ICC was 0.78 (95% CI 0.62–0.87; P < .001), with a mean difference of −21.57 mm3 (±202.01). The ICC for niche/cervix volume ratio were 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.96; P < .001) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.63–0.87; P < .001) for intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that 3D CB scar sonographic features are highly reproducible in pregnant women with a history of advanced labor CB. The validated protocol can guide future research on the association with subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Disparities in Adult Otolaryngology Patients with Limited English Proficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Villarin Colin , Jung Christian , Venkatesh Sanjena , Peng‐Hwa Tiffany
Published: November 2024

Objective

Limited English proficiency (LEP) has become increasingly recognized as an independent predictor of adverse health outcomes in the United States. We aim to examine trends and summarize current insights into LEP‐related disparities in adult otolaryngology.

Data Sources

Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus.

Methods

A systematic review of US‐based, peer‐reviewed literature evaluating outcomes in adult otolaryngology across primary language or varying levels of English proficiency; results were analyzed for study design, subspecialty, cohort demographics, and outcomes; findings were further assessed with the Kilbourne conceptual framework for health care disparities.

Results

An initial search yielded 3886 articles. After removal of duplicates, 2906 articles were screened and 31 studies were included after full‐text analysis. Head and Neck Oncology (25.8%) and Otology (16.1%) were the most highly represented subspecialty topics. Patients with LEP represented an average of 21.71% (Range 2.21% – 51%) of the study populations. Definitions of LEP were variable. Furthermore, studies specifying patient‐reported LEP status reported significant findings more often than those using electronic health record‐derived data (p < 0.01). Under the Kilbourne framework, all studies were “detecting” (N = 21, 67.7%) and “understanding” (N = 10, 32.3%) disparities. In outcomes‐focused studies, patients with LEP presented with a higher burden of oncologic disease, more severe hearing loss, and disparities in treatment access/implementation.

Conclusion

Patients with LEP are adversely impacted across various otolaryngology subspecialties. Defining these inequities is vital to provide more targeted and comprehensive care for patients with LEP.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Impact of exercise intervention with or without curcumin supplementation on body fat composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in obese adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yinghao , Guo Longfei , Zhang Dandan , Ma Jiayuan
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to systematically review and evaluate the influence of exercise with and without curcumin on body fat composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in obese adults. Search for eligible studies through four databases, and then proceed with screening. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) obese adults; (2) randomized controlled trial (RCT); (3) classified the exercise intervention with curcumin supplementation as the exercise with curcumin (CU) group and without curcumin supplementation as the exercise without curcumin (EX) group; (4) Conducted pre‐ and post‐training assessments, which include body fat composition, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. Use the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the selected study. Select standardized mean difference (SMD) as the appropriate effect scale index, and use Revman 5.4 software to analyze the mean difference of the selected article data with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the meta‐analysis. The included studies involved 72 males and 111 females, where 94 belonged to the EX group and 89 from the CU group. The CU group benefited more from the reduced Fat% (SMD, 2.18 [0.12, 4.24], p < 0.05, I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.98) than the EX group. The study demonstrated that the combined exercise intervention with curcumin supplementation significantly reduced Fat% in obese adults compared with exercise without supplementing curcumin.
Phosphorus‐Containing Biobased Dimethacrylate Resin with Imine Linkages
Authors: Ozukanar Ozge , Çakmakçi Emrah , Kumbaraci Volkan
Published: November 2024

There is a high demand for highly biobased photocurable coatings for a wide range of applications. In this work, a photocurable coating formulation is developed based on isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and a biobased polyester diacrylate. Besides, a phosphorous‐containing biobased dimethacrylate resin having imine groups (VDDM) is synthesized. Different ratios of VDDM are added to the biobased base formulation. VDDM is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The formulations are coated on aluminum substrates and photocured under UV light. The biobased contents of the prepared networks are in the range of ≈68–79%. Coatings display a good adhesion on the aluminum substrates. The incorporation of VDDM into the formulations slightly increases the glass transition temperature values. Moreover, VDDM enhances the hydrophilicity of the coatings. VDDM‐free coatings are found to be resistant to degradation under basic and acidic media, but the presence of imine bonds in VDDM leads to the partial degradation of the prepared networks under acidic aqueous conditions. Finally, it is demonstrated that the coatings prepared herein are resistant to corrosion. The prepared highly biobased networks in this study have the potential to be used as photocurable coil coatings.
The Servicescape and Its Impact on Consumer Satisfaction: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Peihao , Wu Laurie , Gao Lisa , Mattila Anna S.
Published: November 2024

Despite abundant research demonstrating the impact of servicescape on consumer responses, there is a lack of understanding of how each servicescape dimension distinctly influences consumer satisfaction. To bridge this gap, we utilize the affordance theory to examine the unique impact of various servicescape dimensions on consumer satisfaction. We conducted a meta‐analysis to synthesize previous empirical findings and validate our theorization. We also examined how the service sector and consumer culture moderate the impact of servicescape dimensions on consumer satisfaction. Theoretically, this research extends the literature by introducing the affordance theory as a theoretical lens to explain the influence of various servicescape dimensions on consumer satisfaction. We argue that the consumer's primary consumption goals, shaped by the service sector and consumer culture, drive consumer satisfaction for each servicescape dimension. This research offers valuable insights for practitioners to prioritize specific servicescape dimensions based on the industry sector and cultural context.
Development of significantly hard hypereutectoid plain carbon steel through incomplete austenitization based cyclic quenching treatment
Authors: Maity J. , Dastidar M. G. , Mandal S. , Sharma S. , Chaudhary S. K. , Saha A.
Published: November 2024

In this investigation hot rolled steel bars of 1.24 weight % carbon steel are subjected to incomplete austenitization based cyclic quenching treatment. Each cycle consists of inserting the specimen in an electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 894 °C and holding for a short duration (6 minutes), followed by oil quenching to the room temperature. Such a typical thermal cycling results in the evolution of a novel microstructure that comprises of large clusters and blocks of cementite in a matrix of martensite after 3 and 4 cycles. Accordingly, a significantly high hardness (7.13 GPa) is achieved on execution of 3 cycles which envisages a new pathway of incomplete austenitization based cyclic quenching treatment for development of new‐generation plain carbon hypereutectoid tool steel.
Global dynamics in a stochastic two predators–one prey system with regime‐switching and ratio‐dependent functional response
Authors: Tuerxun Nafeisha , Teng Zhidong
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates a stochastic two predators–one prey system with ratio‐dependent functional response under regime switching. The stochastic extinction of species and the existence of ergodic stationary distribution for the system are established, and the transition probability of the solution converging to the stationary distribution also is obtained. To illustrate our theoretical results, the numerical examples and simulations are presented. Our findings also demonstrate that the stationary distribution and extinction of species for the stochastic two predators–one prey system are affected by random perturbations, leading to an imbalance in ecology.
The nutrition profile and utility of banana puree as a liquid thickener for medically complex infants with dysphagia
Authors: Brinker Kristin , Winn Lauren , Woodbury Anne E. , Finch Amara , Taggart Michelle , Thomas Debbie , Ermarth Anna , Chan Belinda
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Dysphagia among infants, particularly high‐risk and preterm neonates, poses feeding challenges that can impact multiple systemic outcomes and delay hospital discharge. Limited therapeutic options for approved thickening agents for human milk and infant formula necessitate the exploration of alternatives, including banana puree.

Method

This study investigated the feasibility of using banana puree as a thickening agent for hospitalized infants with dysphagia. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) flow test determined optimal volumes of banana puree mixed with infant formulas or human milk to achieve desired liquid thickness levels. Nutrition analysis considered potassium intake and calories from carbohydrates to assess dietary composition.

Result

Banana puree effectively achieved IDDSI Levels 1–3, with varying volumes required based on milk types and caloric concentrations. The nutrition analysis revealed the importance of restricting banana puree to 15% of feeding volumes to avoid exceeding recommended potassium levels while promoting appropriate nutrition.

Conclusion

Banana puree represents a promising option for thickening feeds in infants with dysphagia, facilitating safe oral feeding opportunities, accelerating the introduction of oral feeding, and, potentially, improving long‐term outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore its impact on feeding progression, hospital stays, growth, patient outcomes, and feeding‐related behaviors compared with traditional thickening agents.
Preparation of an Injectable Thermosensitive Pluronic F127/ γ‐Fe2O3 Hydrogel for Combined Hyperthermia and Localized Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Farzaneh Mahtab , Hassanzadeh‐Tabrizi Sayed Ali , Mokhtarian Nader
Published: November 2024

A novel locally injectable hydrogel made from Pluronic F127 containing magnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles (GMNP) and Doxorubicin (DOX) with temperature‐sensitive properties for localized magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery was prepared. In most of the studies that have been observed so far, magnetic nanoparticles have been injected as ferrofluid solutions, but because of the high osmotic pressure inside the tumor, there is a high risk of injection leakage and ferrofluid redistribution. Also, due to the super‐paramagnetic property of nanoparticles, the probability of their agglomeration increases, which causes Atherosclerosis and other problems. The DOX/GMNP/F127 hydrogel exhibited a hyperthermia effect and showed an increase in temperature by applying ACMF (400 kHz). The shape of the GMNPs was spherical, and their size was about 19–51 nm. The mixture was produced as liquid outside the body, but it turned into a gel by increasing the temperature to body temperature. Applying an AC magnetic field on the DOX/GMNP/F127‐gel not only produced controllable heat but also increased the rate of drug release from the gel. Mixing magnetic GMNPs with anticancer DOX drug in the thermo‐responsive F127 hydrogel has emerged as a promising smart combination for the application of simultaneous magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy in the possible treatment of cancer.
A comprehensive investigation on metal–organic framework based poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites as piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Adaval Akanksha , Aishwarya Ananya , Kamble Riddhi , Banerjee Susanta , Dasgupta Titas , Bhattacharyya Arup R.
Published: November 2024

Copper based metal–organic frameworks (Cu‐MOF) incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were processed using drop casting, with different concentrations of Cu‐MOF (0.15–2 wt.%). Ultrasonication and centrifugation of Cu‐MOF particles were adopted as pre‐processing steps to ensure effective de‐agglomeration of the Cu‐MOF particles. The formation of polar β‐crystalline phase in PVDF/Cu‐MOF composite was confirmed by the morphological observation of fibrillar microstructure and the manifestation of specific absorption bands via spectroscopic analysis. Further, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic analyses unequivocally established the interfacial interactions between Cu‐MOF particles and PVDF dipoles. A maximum of ~92% polar fraction and ~25 pm/V d33 was obtained in PVDF composite of 1 wt.% of Cu‐MOF. Dielectric and ferroelectric investigations were carried out to relate the improvement of the interfacial polarization. Moreover, energy harvesting devices were fabricated from PVDF/MOF composites and a maximum rectified piezoelectric voltage of ~40 V was recorded during finger tapping experiment in PVDF/MOF composite of 1 wt.% Cu‐MOF. Further, a load current and maximum volumetric power density of 7.5 μA and ~1.2 mW/cm3, respectively, were achieved. The usage of the fabricated device as an energy harvester was further established by charging and discharging different capacitors and illuminating LEDs.

Highlights

Cu‐MOF (0.15–2 wt.%) incorporated PVDF composites were processed by solution casting.

A maximum of ~92% polar fraction was obtained in PVDF/1MOF composite.

A maximum rectified output voltage of ~40 V was recorded in PVDF/1MOF composite.

A higher power density (1.2 mW/cm3) and load current (7.5 μA) were achieved for PVDF/1MOF.

The usage of the fabricated device as an energy harvester was further established.