bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orofacial Disease: Update For The Dental Clinical Team: 3. White Lesions
Authors: Scully Crispian , Porter Stephen
Published: August 2017

White lesions usually contain an increased amount of keratin. Some are rare congenital conditions, such as white sponge naevus and dyskeratosis congenita, unlikely to be seen in general dental practice. Inflammatory causes include candidosis and hairy leukoplakia, both now common in HIV disease. Non-infective causes include the common lesion of lichen planus, and the less common condition lupus erythematosus. Neoplastic and possibly preneoplastic causes include carcinoma, keratoses and leukoplakia. This article discusses the more common causes of oral white lesions. The first article in this series presented several general observations on diagnosis and treatment which should be borne in mind in relation to this article.
Perceived Sources of Stress in Dental Students
Authors: Heath J.R. , Macfarlane T.V. , Umar M. S.
Published: August 2017

A 36-item questionnaire was used to investigate the stress perceived by students at Manchester Dental School to potential stressors, grouped under the headings of living accommodation, personal factors, educational environment, academic work and clinical factors. The stressors producing the highest ratings for perceived stress varied throughout the course but high values were allocated to examinations, fear of failing the course or year, shorter and fewer holidays than other university students and—for clinical students—approachability of staff and completing the required quantity and variety of work within a limited time. Female students experienced greater stress than their male counterparts. Since high levels of perceived stress can reduce student performance, dental schools should consider courses in stress management.
Book Review
Authors: Leitch Jason
Published: August 2017

Sedation in Dentistry. By N.M. Girdler and C.M. Hill. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1998. (160pp, £19.99).
Orofacial Disease: Update for the Dental Clinical Team: 4. Red, Brown, Black and Bluish Lesions
Authors: Scully Crispian , Porter Stephen
Published: August 2017

This article discusses coloured lesions of the orofacial region.
Book Review
Authors: Youngson C. C.
Published: August 2017

The Preservation and Restoration of Tooth Structure. By Graham J. Mount and W. R. Hume. Mosby-Wolfe Medical Communications, London. (280pp., £49.95, £85 plus CD-Rom).
Book Review
Authors: Richmond Stephen
Published: August 2017

Oral Health for the Orthodontic Patient. By S. D. Heintze et al. Quintessence, New Malden, 1998 (160 pp., £38).
Book Review
Authors: Mellor Tony
Published: August 2017

Stress Solutions for the Overstretched – A Practical Guide to Identifying and Managing Stress. By David Gibbons and Tim Newton. BDJ Books, Basingstoke, 1998 (96pp., £19.95).
Book Review
Authors: Millett D. T.
Published: August 2017

Diagnosis of the Orthodontic Patient. By F. McDonald and A.J. Ireland. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998 (264pp, £19.95).
What should we do about Patients who Smoke?
Authors: Chestnutt I.G.
Published: August 2017

The adverse consequences of smoking on both general and oral health are well recognized. It is now accepted that brief advice from a healthcare professional is an effective aid to stopping smoking and recently interest has focused on the role of the dental team in this area. This paper provides an update on current concepts of how smokers give up and makes practical suggestions as to how smoking may be discussed in the dental clinic.
The Long Road to Success
Authors: McCullagh J.J.P. , Searson L.J. , Kieser J.B. , Cunnington S.
Published: August 2017

The conservation of teeth can involve the many facets of restorative dentistry in an attempt to retain both functional and aesthetic demands. This case report chronicles the management of a patient presenting with several traumatized teeth, which progressed through orthograde endodontics, periodontal crown-lengthening procedures, crown placement, surgical endodontics with attempted guided tissue regeneration, to eventual tooth extraction and replacement with osseointegrated implants.
Adhesive Solutions: Report of a Case using Multiple Adhesive Techniques in the Management of Enamel Hypoplasia
Authors: Kim Li Raymond Wai
Published: August 2017

Enamel hypoplasia is a common condition that may present a severe aesthetic problem. Although the teeth affected may not be particularly susceptible to caries, patients may request cosmetic improvement. Adhesive techniques may be useful in such situations. This paper discusses the management of a patient with enamel hypoplasia using a combination of adhesive systems including enamel- and dentine-bonded veneers, dentine-bonded crowns, a cantilever resin-retained bridge, bonded amalgam restorations and chairside tin plating. Where adhesion was contraindicated, conventionally retained crowns were used.
Orofacial Disease: Update for the Dental Clinical Team: 7. Complaints Affecting Particularly the Palate or Gingivae
Authors: Scully Crispian , Porter Stephen
Published: August 2017

Certain lesions are exclusively or typically found in specific sites. This article discusses in detail conditions that occur mostly on the palate or gingivae.
How Bright is Your Light?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

A Survey of Output Intensity and Potential for Depth of Cure among Lightcuring Units in Clinical Use. R Pilo, D Oelgiesser and H Cardash. Journal of Dentistry 1999; 27: 235-241.
Management of the Submerged Deciduous Tooth: 2. Treatment
Authors: Teague Annabel M. , Barton Philip , Parry William J.
Published: August 2017

The previous article in this series dealt with the aetiology, diagnosis and potential consequences of submerging deciduous teeth. This paper will discuss the appropriate treatment options. The management is highly dependent on whether the permanent successor is present or absent. The degree of submergence and the age of the patient are also important factors for consideration.
Orofacial Disease: Update for the Dental Clinical Team: 8. Salivary Complaints
Authors: Scully Crispian , Porter Stephen
Published: August 2017

Certain lesions exclusively or typically affect the salivary glands; these are discussed in this article.
Book Review
Authors: Emery Chris
Published: August 2017

Essential Endodontology. By D. Orstavik and T.R. Pitt Ford. Blackwell Science Ltd. ( www.blackwell-science.com ), 1999 (£79.50) ISBN 0-632-04089-0.
Provisional Restoration of Veneer Preparations: A Modified Technique
Authors: Maidment Yann
Published: August 2017

It is sometimes necessary to construct temporary covers on labial veneer preparations. A modification of an existing technique for making temporary veneers is described that employs the advantages of transparent registration material.
Book Review
Authors: Walmsley A. Damien
Published: August 2017

Proceedings of the European Workshop on Mechanical Plaque Control. By N.P. Lang, R. Attström and H. Löe Quintessence Publishing Co., 1998 (314pp., £27).
Book Review
Authors: Murray Madeleine C.
Published: August 2017

Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry, 3rd edn. By Mitchell. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999 (£17.95). ISBN 0-19-262963-8.
Book Review
Authors: Lowe Alexandra H.
Published: August 2017

The Medical Adventurer: Our Role in the Creation of History. By James M. Dyce. Stress Publications, 1999 (128pp., £8.50 + £1.50 p+p, available by Direct Mail from Stress Publications, 47 Water Street, Lavenham, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 9RN).
Book Review
Authors: Gibson John
Published: August 2017

Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics. 3rd edn. By R.A. Seymour, J.G. Meechan and M.S. Yates. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999 (373 pp., £32.50 p/b).
Strategies for Dental Clinic Infection Control
Authors: Palenik Charles John , Trevor Burke F.J. , Miller Chris H.
Published: August 2017

The application of proper infection control procedures helps to protect practitioners, patients and the community. The goal is to minimize the spread of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms and to remove and/or kill organisms that have contaminated objects and surfaces. Dental practitioners are aided in this process by the generation of rules, guidelines and recommendations by regulatory agencies and professional organizations. Ideally, each office/clinic would generate and maintain a written set of infection control procedures.
Book Review
Authors: Trevor Burke F.J.
Published: August 2017

Principles of Esthetic Integration. Claude R. Rufenacht. Quintessence Publishing Co., New Malden, 2000. (248pp. £82). ISBN 0-86715-369-5.
How Biocompatible Are The Newer Dental Materials?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Biocompatibility of a Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement Applied as Pulp Capping in Human Teeth. A.B. Nascimento, U.F. Fontana, H.M. Teixeira and C.A. Costa. American Journal of Dentistry 2000; 13: 28-33.
The Bleeding Myth
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Myths of Dental Surgery in Patients Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy. M.J. Wahl. Journal of the American Dental Association 2000; 131: 77-81.

Management of Anticoagulation in Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves. K. Webster and J. Wilde. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2000; 38: 124-126.
How Broad Are Your Shoulders?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Assessing the Quality of Shoulder Preparations for Metal Ceramic Crowns. K.G. Seymour, D.Y.D. Samarawickrama, L. Zou and E. Lynch. European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 2000; 7: 125-129.
Rhinoliths presenting during Routine Radiography: Two Cases
Authors: Pitt S.K.J , Rout P.G.J
Published: August 2017

Rhinoliths are calcified masses found within the nasal cavity. They are an uncommon finding and usually present to ENT surgeons. This article presents two cases where rhinoliths have been recognized in the dental setting, and discusses their management and treatment.
The Early Management of Class III Malocclusions using Protraction Headgear
Authors: Macey-Dare L. V.
Published: August 2017

Class III malocclusions affect approximately 3% of Caucasians. Treatment options include; growth modification, dental camouflage and, once growth has ceased, orthognathic surgery. Originally, Class III malocclusions were thought to arise primarily from an overdevelopment of the mandible, but it is now known that maxillary retrusion contributes in up to 60% of cases. Maxillary retrusion is best treated with a combination of protraction headgear and rapid maxillary expansion, preferably before the age of 9 years. This article provides an overview of the management of skeletal Class III cases using protraction headgear with particular guidance for the general dental practitioner on when and how to treat.
Diver's Mouth Syndrome: A Field Study
Authors: Roberts G.V.
Published: August 2017

Reports of clinical presentations of diver's mouth syndrome and prevalence of at least one of its symptoms in many successive Joint Service (JS) diving expeditions prompted the author (who is an advanced diving instructor and an Armed Forces dental surgeon and has been present on, or organized, at least six JS diving expeditions in regions from cold temperate to tropical) to construct customized diving mouthpieces and investigate their effectiveness during intensive use in the field.
Book Review
Authors: Murray Madeleine C.
Published: August 2017

Making Sense of Risk Management. A Workbook for Primary Care. By R. Lilley and P. Lambden. Radcliffe Medical Press, 1999. Copies available from The St. Paul by calling 01737 787787 or by accessing their web site, www.stpaul.com
Book Review
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: August 2017

Oral Microbiology. 4th edn. By P. D. Marsh and M. Martin. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1999. (208pp., £27.50).
Book Review
Authors: Richmond Stephen
Published: August 2017

Orthodontics for Dental Students. 4th edn. By Gardiner, Leighton, Luffinghan and Valiathan. Oxford University Press, 1999. (314pp., £14.95).
Dentine Bonding Systems: 1. Mode of Action
Authors: Burke F.J.T. , Combe E.C. , Douglas W.H.
Published: August 2017

The achievement of a reliable bond to dentine has been more difficult than bonding to enamel, due principally to the anatomy of the dentine substrate. The mechanisms of bonding are now much better understood than a decade ago and clinically-viable bond strengths to dentine are now achieved with many dentine bonding systems.
The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) Technique: Does It have a Place in Everyday Practice?
Authors: Cole Ben O.I. , Welbury Richard R.
Published: August 2017

The ART technique was introduced in the early 1990s. It involves the removal of carious tooth tissue with hand instruments followed by restoration with an adhesive material (glass-ionomer cement). Local anaesthetic is not always required for treatment and the technique has helped to bridge the gap in the provision of treatment to rural communities, senior citizens and dental phobic patients. This article looks at the development of the technique, its performance and potential areas of application.
Dentine Bonding Systems: 2. Clinical Uses
Authors: Burke F.J.T. , Combe E.C. , Douglas W.H.
Published: August 2017

As the reliability of dentine bonding agents has improved, the clinical uses of these systems has increased and now include the bonding of directly and indirectly constructed restorations, amalgam bonding and treatment of dentinal sensitivity. Areas of potential use which require further evaluation include pulp capping and the attachment of fractured tooth fragments.
Good News for Snorers
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effects and Adverse Events of a Dental Appliance for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. A. Tegelberg, B. Wilhelmsson, M.-L. Walker-Engström, M. Ringqvist, L. Andersson, L. Krekmanov, I. Ringqvist. Swedish Dental Journal 1999; 23: 117-126.
There May Be A Scientific Reason for Failed Locals!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Failure of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Endodontics. P. I. Bajrovic and F. Bajrovic. Endodontics and Dental Traumatology 1999; 15: 247-251.
Work Disruption and Third Molars
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Impact of Third Molar Removal on Demands for Post-operative Care and Job Disruption: Does Anaesthetic Choice Make a Difference? D.J. Edwards, J.P. Shepherd, J. Horton, M.R. Brickley. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 1999; 81: 119-123.
Book Review
Authors: Milward M. R.
Published: August 2017

Outline of Periodontics. By J. D. Manson and B. M. Eley. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1999 (416pp., £29.99 p/b). ISBN 0 7236 1070 3.
The Orthodontic Restorative Management of the Peg-lateral
Authors: Counihan Dan
Published: August 2017

There are usually two orthodontic options in dealing with the peg-lateral. First, the lateral incisor can be extracted and the resultant space closed. However, this will often give a narrow unaesthetic smile. The canine is too yellow and the gingival margin is too high. The second, preferred, option is often to open the space mesial and distal to the peg-lateral and create a proper space for a normal-sized lateral incisor. The restorative dentist has to build up the peg-lateral to simulate a normal-sized lateral incisor.
Can Fixatives Solve Your Denture Problems?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Use of denture adhesives. A.J. Coates. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28: 137-140.
Immediate Anterior Tooth Replacement using Fibre-reinforced Composite
Authors: Auplish G. , Darbar U.R.
Published: August 2017

The loss of anterior teeth can be psychologically and socially damaging to the patient the trauma of which can be minimized by immediate replacement of the teeth, preferably using a fixed prosthesis. This paper describes the immediate replacement of a lateral incisor using a fibre-reinforced composite with the natural tooth as the pontic. The abutment teeth can be conserved with minimal or no preparation, thus keeping the technique reversible, and can be completed at the chairside thereby avoiding laboratory costs. It can be used as an interim measure or as a definitive prosthesis. The advantages of this technique over other methods are also discussed.
Diagnosis of Acromegaly in Orofacial Pain: Two Case Reports
Authors: Moore M.M. , Spitteri-Staines K. , Felix D. , Critchlow H.
Published: August 2017

Acromegaly is an uncommon condition, with an annual incidence in the UK of three per million. The gradual onset of the clinical features mean that often friends and relatives are unaware of the underlying pathology. In view of the morbidity, and indeed mortality, arising from undiagnosed cases, general dental practitioners and other healthcare workers should routinely take note of systemic as well as intra-oral changes occurring in their patients when seen on review. The association of paraesthesia, anaesthesia and pain with acromegaly is well documented. However, there appear to be few reports linking acromegaly with orofacial pain or dysaesthesia. This paper describes two such cases.
Book Review
Authors: Mackie Iain
Published: August 2017

A Clinical Guide to Complete Denture Prosthetics. By Mitsuhiro Tsukiboshi. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., 2000 (120pp., £48). ISBN 0-86715-374-1.
An Alternative Putty/Wash Impression Technique
Authors: Bassi G.S.
Published: August 2017

Conventionally, custom trays have been made in the laboratory on casts constructed from preliminary impressions. A spaced tray made in this way allows a uniform thickness of impression material of approximately 2 mm which is said to enhance the accuracy of the impression-taking procedure. A technique is described to fulfil this criterion without the need for a primary impression, by constructing a spaced putty custom tray inside the mouth.
Current Practice in Endodontics: 2. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Authors: Carrotte Peter V.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this series of six articles is to improve the quality of endodontic treatment in general dental practice by considering what is currently being taught in dental schools. This second article considers the accurate diagnosis of endodontic lesions, which frequently present as emergencies requiring prompt, rapid and efficient attention. The paper then presents the treatment normally indicated once a correct and accurate diagnosis has been made.
Transcultural Oral Health Care: 3. Dental Care and Treatment during the Fast of Ramadan
Authors: Raja Abida , Anees Khalid , Bedi Raman
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to highlight issues that may affect dental treatment and care of Muslim patients when they are fasting during Ramadan. Recommendations are provided on how to provide culturally sensitive oral health care for this community. By taking into account the beliefs and wishes of the individual, dentists will provide a service that is acceptable and appropriate to both the Muslim community and individual Muslims.
A Case of Sialolithiasis in a Young Female Patient
Authors: Hackett John F.
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the examination, diagnosis and treatment of a swelling that appeared in the floor of the mouth of a healthy 15-year-old girl. A sialith (stone) is not the first thing one considers when dealing with oral swellings in childhood but it does occur. Theories for its formation are described, as are the radiographic and clinical details of the case.
Book Review
Authors: Leitch Jason
Published: August 2017

Tooth Extraction: A Practical Guide. By Paul D. Robinson. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 2000 (144pp., £14.99 p/b). ISBN 0-72-361071-1.
The NHS Dental Plan – Key Points for the Busy Practitioner
Authors: Morris John
Published: August 2017

The GDS fees crisis of the 1990s has been a watershed in dental health policy. Prior to this the attention was on those with high disease experience and low demand and the talk was of how such people could be encouraged to seek dental care. Now the talk is of providing care ‘for those who want it’ since the NHS now struggles to meet demand. Unfortunately, the supply/demand imbalance is not a consequence of a successful health promotion policy but a loss of supply. This may seem irrelevant to the subject under discussion but before describing details of the new strategy it is worth remembering that we have in fact moved a considerable distance from the kind of thinking which pertained in the 1980s. This was an era in which a study into marketing dentistry to adults with low demand was commissioned1 following concerns raised by the Standing Dental Advisory Committee; one cannot conceive of any policy interest in looking at why adults don‗t demand dentistry these days. The current government can quite reasonably claim to have inherited a problem not of their own making and the NHS dental plan2 is the first formal announcement of their plans to deal with this and other dental issues after a considerable period of coat tailing.
Osteogenic Distraction within the Craniofacial Complex
Authors: Mattick C. Rye
Published: August 2017

Osteogenic distraction is a method of increasing bone length, and was developed by orthopaedic surgeons. It is now being used in the craniofacial region. This paper outlines some of the suggested uses: mandibular distraction can be used to correct hypoplasia and asymmetry in both children and adults; maxillary distraction can bring the midface forward, and holds potential for people with cleft lip and palate; augmentation of alveolar ridges and regeneration of mandibular tissue following tumour resection show considerable promise. The complex spatial dimensions of the craniofacial bones present considerable challenges for this developing technique.
Book Review
Authors: Bain Crawford
Published: August 2017

A Clinical Guide to Implants in Dentistry. R. M. Palmer (editor). BDJ Books, 2000 (76pp., £29.95). ISBN 0 904588 645.
Adapting Crown Preparations to Adhesive Materials
Authors: Bartlett D.W.
Published: August 2017

Traditional approaches to crown preparation for replacement crowns or teeth with short clinical crowns are often overly destructive of tooth tissue. Adhesive cements or composites combined with dentine bonding agents provide the clinician with some flexibility in treatment planning and should be considered when more destructive techniques would otherwise be necessary.
Up to Date With the Core of Knowledge?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Are Dental Radiographs Safe? P. Abbott. Australian Dental Journal 2000; 45: 208–213.
Current Practice in Endodontics: 5. Obturation
Authors: Carrotte Peter V.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this series of six articles is to improve the quality of endodontic treatment in general dental practice by considering what is currently being taught in dental schools. This article first considers the possible reasons for persisting symptoms following preparation of the root canals. It then reviews the many and varied methods of obturating the prepared root canal system that are available to the general dental practitioner. By considering the objectives of their treatment, and their own level of expertise, readers may decide that one or more new techniques may benefit their practice.
Challenging The Aetiology of Oral Cancer
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Is Alcohol Responsible for More Intraoral Cancer? I. Hindle, M.C. Downer, D.R. Moles and P.M. Speight. Oral Oncology 2000; 36: 328-333.
Toothbrushing: Why, When and How?
Authors: Ashley Paul
Published: August 2017

Toothbrushing is a widely practised oral healthcare habit which, in conjunction with fluoride toothpaste, can help to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease. The effectiveness of toothbrushing is dependent on many different factors including frequency and duration of brushing, rinsing habits and brush type. Knowledge of how these factors influence effectiveness will allow the dental professional to give appropriate advice.
Oral Neglect
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Oral Care in Cancer Nursing. K.E.O. Öhrn, Y.B. Wahlin and P.O. Sjödén. European Journal of Cancer Care 2000; 9: 22–29.
Do You Bond Your Amalgam Restorations?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Marginal Microleakage in Bonded Amalgam Restorations: A Combined In Vivo and In Vitro Study. R. Di Lenarda, M. Cadanero, G. Gregorig and E. Dorigo. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 2000; 2: 223–228.
Biological Guides to the Positioning of the Artificial Teeth in Complete Dentures
Authors: Devlin H. , Hoad-Reddick G.
Published: August 2017

Setting teeth for complete dentures is traditionally done away from the clinic in the dental laboratory. This has unwittingly given the impression that arranging tooth position is a mechanical process in which the clinician has little say. Many technicians are given few instructions, but a detailed prescription is crucial to the success of the denture. This article describes those considerations the dentist should address in communicating with the laboratory technician. A ‘denture space’ impression technique is described to assist the dentist in the correct prescription for posterior teeth placement.
How Well Do You Know Your Root Morphology (And Does It Matter)?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Root Canal Treatment in Mandibular Canines with Two Roots: A Report of Two Cases. C. D'Arcangelo, G. Varvara and P. De Fazio. International Endodontic Journal 2001; 34: 331–334.
Use of a Matrix to Form Directly Applied Resin Composite to Restore Worn Anterior Teeth
Authors: Firas Daoudi M. , Radford John R.
Published: August 2017

The technique of using directly applied resin composite is increasingly being chosen to restore worn anterior teeth. This paper describes the use of a vacuum-formed matrix (‘suck-down’) to shape the directly applied resin composite, avoiding demanding freehand build-ups.
Multiple Sclerosis Presenting to the Dental Practitioner: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Hutchinson Simon , Clark Stuart
Published: August 2017

In this paper, two patients are described who presented with trigeminal neuralgia which turned out to be an early symptom of multiple sclerosis. General dental practitioners need to be aware of the possible causes for atypical facial pain, especially in patients under 40 years.
Lip-biting in Patients with Profound Neuro-disability
Authors: Millwood Joanna , Fiske Janice
Published: August 2017

Profound neuro-disability due to severe brain damage affects approximately 1200 people per year in the UK. Approximately half of these patients exhibit exaggerated or abnormal oral reflexes. Biting, bruxism and ruminating movements may result in dental or soft tissue trauma, with severe lip or tongue lacerations. This paper describes 10 patients referred to the dental department at the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability with lip bites and/or severe bruxism, during a 12-month period. Management options include: monitoring the lesion; smoothing teeth; providing a bite raising appliance; or extracting teeth. This paper discusses the difficulty in management of lip trauma in this group of patients and emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach.
What is a Dental Access Centre?
Authors: Morris J. , Lunn H. , Prince T. , Barlow J.
Published: August 2017

Few in dentistry can be unaware of the Prime Minister's pledge made at the September 1999 Labour Party conference in Bournemouth: “and working with the British Dental Association, everyone within the next two years will be able once again to see an NHS dentist just by phoning NHS Direct.” The recent NHS dental plan ‘Modernising NHS Dentistry’1,2 has announced a number of initiatives to work towards this goal, the deadline for which is rapidly approaching. Obviously, this is not going to be possible without some reversal, or at least a slow down, in the move away from the NHS by General Dental Practitioners and there are parts of the plan devoted to this objective. That said, equally it would appear that these may not in themselves be enough to ensure that people can access NHS dental care within a reasonable travelling distance, which leads us to consider the other part of the plan, Dental Access Centres (DACs), which are intended to supplement other services, not replace them. This paper attempts to explain just what they are, presents one particular DAC scheme as an example and discusses the challenges they face in the future.
Magnification: What is Available, and will It Aid your Clinical Practice?
Authors: Forgie A.H.
Published: August 2017

With the development of clinical techniques that require high levels of manual dexterity and involve fine detail, there is increasing interest in the use of magnification for dental procedures. This article considers the potential benefits of magnification, the different methods by which it can be obtained and, finally, presents some caveats to its use.
Book Review
Authors: Hamburger John
Published: August 2017

Contemporary Issues in Oral Cancer. D. Saranath (editor). Oxford University Press, 2000 (405pp., £25.00). ISBN 0 19 565023 9.
The Benefits of Toothpaste – Real or Imagined? The Effectiveness of Toothpaste in the Control of Plaque, Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Calculus and Oral Malodour
Authors: Sheen S. , Pontefract H. , Moran J.
Published: August 2017

Toothbrushing with toothpaste is the most widely used method of home dental care for the populations of the Western world. The traditional role of toothpaste is primarily cosmetic, in aiding the cleaning of teeth and producing fresh breath. Today, however, formulations contain ingredients which may also help oral health by way of reducing dental plaque and improving gingival/periodontal health. This article provides a short review on the usefulness of these chemicals when used primarily in toothpastes.
Book Review
Authors: Millett D.T.
Published: August 2017

Orthodontic Materials. Scientific and Clinical Aspects. William A. Brantley and Theodore Eliades (editors). Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, 2001 (310 pp., £58.75). ISBN 3 13 125281 2 655.
Book Review
Authors: Mair L.H.
Published: August 2017

Tooth Surface Loss. By R. Ibbetson and A. Elder (editors). BDJ Books, London, 2000 (80pp., £29.95). ISBN 0 904588 66 1.
Occlusal Splints and Temporomandibular Disorders: Why, When, How?
Authors: Gray R.J.M. , Davies S.J.
Published: August 2017

Occlusal splints are one form of treatment in the management of patients with a temporomandibular disorder. Appliances are often used in conjunction with other forms of treatment such as physiotherapy or medication. A variety of splints is described in the literature and the dentist must ensure that the splint prescribed is of a design that has a proven success rate for the specific diagnosis. General principles that apply to the provision of all splints are outlined in this paper.
Book Review
Authors: Barclay Craig
Published: August 2017

Osseointegration and Esthetics in Single Tooth Rehabilitation. By C. E. Francischone, L. W. Vasconcelos and P.-I. Brånemark. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., New Malden, 2000 (201pp., £67.00 h/b). ISBN 85-87425-35-8.
Snoring, Sleep Apnoea and the Role of Dental Appliances
Authors: Lyons Mervyn F. , Cameron Donald A. , Banham Stephen W.
Published: August 2017

This article describes the problems of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea, together with an outline of treatment options. The Glasgow approach, whereby patients are investigated at a sleep clinic and a custom-made mandibular advancement device is made in semi-soft material, is also described. We have demonstrated the acceptability and effectiveness of a simple appliance in patients with varying dental states, some with simple snoring and some with mild to moderate sleep apnoea. Our experience relates to around 260 patients, extending over a period of 4 years with good success. The simple intraoral device is recommended as a first line of approach for patients with problem snoring.
Do Antibiotics Really Help Endodontic Treatment?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Endodontics in the Adult Patient; the Role of Antibiotics. L.P. Longman, A.J. Preston, M.V. Martin and N.H.F. Wilson. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28: 539–548
Multiple Myeloma Presenting as a Painful Mandibular Swelling: A Case Report
Authors: Chindia M.L. , Riyat M.S. , Nyong'o A.
Published: August 2017

Multiple myeloma is a disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, the most differentiated stage of B-cells. Primary manifestation of multiple myeloma in the jawbones is rare. In the case reported here, a 29-year-old woman who presented with a right mandibular swelling after extraction of a mobile painful tooth turned out to have multiple myeloma. Current diagnostic criteria and management strategies of the disease are discussed.
What is the Best Way of Cleaning My New Dentures?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Assessment of Plaque Prevention on Dentures using an Experimental Cleanser. S.R. Sheen and A. Harrison. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2000; 84: 594–601.
Vocational Training: The Case Scenario Workshop
Authors: Winter-Moore Peter H.
Published: August 2017

This article describes the procedure for conducting a workshop for a vocational training group, using six clinical case scenarios harvested from the vocational training group's own experience. During the session, the main group (which includes trainers) breaks up into smaller groups to discuss the management of each case, then a spokesperson presents the management solutions back to the re-assembled larger group: further interaction and discussion then takes place. This article discusses six typical case scenarios from a recent workshop. The case scenario workshop is an exciting way to encourage discussion and interaction with all parties involved.
Treatment Planning for the Problem Patient: Restorative, Ethical, Legal and Psychological Perspectives. Case 3: Mary
Authors: Mellor A.C. , Bridgeman A.M. , Shearer A.C. , Crossley M.L. , Kay E.J.
Published: August 2017

‘Mary’ is the third of a series of four articles that aims to look at some of the problems patients may present with when they visit their dentist. Each article starts with a brief scenario about the hypothetical patient and his/her clinical problems. As well as the clinical problem, each case also raises ethical, legal or psychological problems. All of these issues are discussed and possible management strategies and treatment options investigated.
Book Review
Authors: Clark Victoria
Published: August 2017

Paediatric Dentistry. 2nd edn. Richard Welbury, ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (£35.00). ISBN 0-19-263186-1.
Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth: A Case with Auto-Correction of Incisor Drifting
Authors: Butterworth Chris , Chapple Iain
Published: August 2017

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is an iatrogenic clinical condition, which affects a proportion of patients medicated for conditions such as hypertension, epilepsy and the prevention of organ transplant rejection. Clinical manifestation can vary in severity from minor problems to complete coverage of the standing teeth. Drifting of teeth can also occur, producing further aesthetic and functional problems for the patient. This report documents a case of a renal transplant patient in whom drifting of the upper incisor teeth spontaneously resolved following surgical reduction of the overgrown gingivae. Clinical issues relating to the management of gingival overgrowth are also discussed.
Making Endodontics More Effective
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontic Retreatment after Two Nonsurgical and Two Surgical Failures: Report of a Case. L.R.G. Fava. International Endodontic Journal 2001; 34: 72–80.
Localized Scleroderma in a 12-Year-Old Girl Presenting as Gingival Recession. A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Baxter A.M. , Roberts A. , Shaw L. , Chapple I.L.C.
Published: August 2017

Scleroderma is a connective tissue disorder that displays considerable clinical heterogeneity. This case describes a 12-year-old girl who presented with a localized form of the disease. The consequences were a severe and progressive localized gingival recession affecting two maxillary incisors, a localized lip defect and scarring of the forehead. The case illustrates the difficulties in diagnosis and management of young patients with localized scleroderma.
Malocclusion, Orthodontics and Bullying
Authors: DiBiase A.T. , Sandler P.J.
Published: August 2017

Bullying is endemic among schoolchildren, and the effects can be devastating and long lasting. The persistently bullied child appears to represent a certain psychological type, with poorly developed social skills and a submissive nature. Physical appearance does appear to play a role, which includes facial and dental appearance, although these tend not to be primary factors. Teasing related to dental appearance appears to be particularly hurtful. There is little evidence of a marked increase in self-esteem following orthodontic treatment in children, but in adults following treatment there is an improvement of body concept. The long-term psychological benefits of orthodontic treatment are difficult to measure but there is an increasing awareness of malocclusion with age.
Always Read the Instructions
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Relationship Between Adhesive Thickness and Microtensile Bond Strength. L. Zheng, P.N.R. Pereira, M. Nakajima, H. Sano and J. Tagami. Operative Dentistry 2001; 26: 97–104.
Do You Believe Children Who Say ‘It Hurts’?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effectiveness of Local Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dental Practice. Y. Nakai, P. Milgrom, L. Mancl, S.E. Coldwell, P.K. Domoto and D.S. Ramsay. Journal of the American Dental Association 2000; 131: 1699–1703.
Caries Still Number One
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

The Reasons for the Extraction of Various Tooth Types in Scotland: A 15-year Follow-up. L.K. McCaul, W.M.M. Jenkins and E.J. Kay. Journal of Dentistry 2001; 29: 401–407.
Reduce those Broken Appointments!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

The Effect of Confirmation Calls on Appointment-keeping Behaviour of Patients in a Children's Hospital Dental Clinic. A.A. Christensen, R.A. Lugo, D.K. Yamashiro. Pediatric Dentistry 2001; 23: 495–498.
The Impact of Communication Technology on Dental Services and Dental Education
Authors: Stephens C.D.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, the author reviews the scope, and probable future impact, of information technology in dentistry.
Book Review
Authors: James Alistair
Published: August 2017

Churchill's Pocketbook of Clinical Dentistry, 2nd edn. Ivor G. Chestnutt and John Gibson. Churchill Livingstone, 2002 (554pp.). ISBN 0443-070849.
Should We Stop Making Apical Stops?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

An In Vitro Experiment on the Effect of an Attempt to Create Apical Matrix during Root Canal Preparation on Coronal Leakage and Material Extrusion. A. Kastakova, M.-K. Wu and P.R. Wesselink. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91: 462–467.
Book Review
Authors: Smith Maggie
Published: August 2017

Concise Textbook of Physiology for Dental Students. By H. Pispati. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (432pp., £12.95 h/b). ISBN 0-19-565209-6.
School the Risks of Post Space Preparation
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

The Unpredictability of Seal after Post Space Preparation: A Fluid Transport Study. I. Abramovitz, R. Lev, Z. Fuss and Z. Metzger. Journal of Endodontics 2001; 27: 292–295.
Who Designs Your Adverts?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Why do some Yellow Page Advertisements Capture Attention Better than Others? Risto Tuominen. Acta Odontol Scand 2001; 59: 79–82.
Behind the Mask
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Surgical Face Masks in the Operating Theatre: Re-examining the Evidence. M.G. Romney Journal of Hospital Infection 2001; 47: 251–256.
Book Review
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: August 2017

Antibiotic and Antimicrobial Use in Dental Practice, 2nd ed. M.G. Newman and A.J. van Winklehoff, eds. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., New Malden, 2001 (304pp., £27.00 p/b). ISBN 0-86715-397-0.
Improve the Retention of Your Partials?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

A Laboratory Investigation of the Role of Guide Planes in the Retention of Cast Cobalt-chromium Alloy Partial Denture Frameworks. M. Ali, N.E. Waters, R.I. Nairn, F. West and M. Sherriff. Journal of Dentistry 2001; 29: 291–299
Submerging an Endodontically Treated Root to Preserve the Alveolar Ridge under a Bridge – A Case Report
Authors: Harper Kenneth A.
Published: August 2017

The loss of teeth results in the resorption of the residual alveolar ridges. This case report describes the successful maintenance of the alveolar ridge contour in the maxillary anterior region under a fixed prosthesis by the mucosal coverage and submersion of an endodontically retreated root, including a 6-year follow-up.
Late Lower Arch Crowding: The Aetiology Reviewed
Authors: Richardson Margaret E
Published: August 2017

This article reviews the causes of the crowding that commonly occurs, particularly in the lower arch, after eruption of the second permanent molars. Factors discussed include mesially directed forces, in treated and untreated subjects, distally directed forces, occlusal changes, direction of eruption, tooth morphology, periodontal forces, and degenerative connective tissue changes.
Management of Dental Unit Water Lines
Authors: Al Shorman Hisham , Abu Nabaa Layla , Coulter Wilson A , Pankhurst Caroline L. , Lynch Edward
Published: August 2017

Dental unit water lines harbour considerable amounts of bacteria, derived from the biofilm on their inner surfaces, and the continuous reservoir of bacteria carries the potential to infect patients and dental workers alike. This article reviews the different methods of control and provides recent recommendations for ensuring that water of satisfactory quality is delivered to the patient.
Technology Transfer in Dentistry: A Network Resource for Clinicians, Scientists, Manufacturers and Patients
Authors: Harris Jonathan , Walmsley Damien
Published: August 2017

This paper heralds a new initiative to improve the rate of implementation of new and existing technologies within dental practice. The rationale behind the establishment of the Technology Transfer Network in Dentistry is described and the aims and intentions of the network are laid out. The relevance of the network to practising clinicians, scientists and manufacturers is described.
An Audit on Periodontal Assessment in General Dental Practice
Authors: Tomson P.L.M.
Published: August 2017

Thorough periodontal assessment is vital for diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring the progression of periodontal disease. This is a report of a clinical audit that studied the periodontal assessment carried out at a large general dental practice in Shropshire, England. This audit was conducted over a 3-month period, analysing 700 patients for each audit cycle. A new protocol for periodontal assessment using the guidelines of the British Society of Periodontology was introduced. The results demonstrate a marked improvement in assessing the periodontal condition of patients in this general dental practice.
Book Review
Authors: Portman-Lewis Simon
Published: August 2017

Ageing, Osteoporosis, and Dental Implants. G. Zarb, U. Lekholm, T. Albrektsson and H. Tenenbaum, eds. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, 2002 (260pp., £55.00 s/b). ISBN 0-86715-407-1.
A Clinical Overview of Removable Prostheses: Introduction
Authors: McCord J. Fraser , Grey Nick J.A. , Winstanley Raymond B. , Johnson Anthony
Published: August 2017

This series of articles has been written with the intention of simplifying the processes involved in the prescription of removable partial dentures. The scene is set in this introduction, and the first article addresses basic clinical and patient-related factors involved in decision-making before commencing active prosthodontic treatment. The second paper will outline a variety of impression techniques for primary and definitive impressions, while the third discusses designing principles. The fourth article is a brief overview of some technological aspects of removable partial denture-making and the fifth attempts to provide a useful guide showing how to diagnose and manage common clinical problems associated with removable partial dentures.
Polypharmacy and Dentistry: 2. Interactions with Analgesics and Antimicrobials
Authors: Meechan J.G.
Published: August 2017

In the first paper of this short series the principles involved in drug interactions and the influence of polypharmacy on dental local anaesthesia and sedation were discussed. This second paper will concentrate on interactions with analgesics and antimicrobials prescribed in dental practice.
Book Review
Authors: Shortall Adrian
Published: August 2017

Bonded Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Dentition: A Biomimetic Approach. By Pascal Magne and Urs Belser. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., New Malden, 2002 (406pp., 1,037 illus. mostly colour, £134). ISBN 0-86715-422-5.
Technology, Ultrasonics and Dentistry
Authors: Lea Simon C. , Walmsley A. Damien
Published: August 2017

Initially used to drill cavities in teeth, ultrasonic instrumentation may now be employed for descaling tooth surfaces, root canal preparation and in apical surgery. The probe tips used to perform these procedures are available in a variety of designs to enable easier access to different areas of the mouth. This article reviews the technology behind some of the present dental ultrasonic instruments and suggests ways in which that technology could be advanced.
Book Review
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: August 2017

Seltzer and Bender's Dental Pulp. Kenneth M. Hargreaves and Harold E. Goodis, eds. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., Chicago IL, USA, 2002 (500pp., £70.00 h/b). ISBN 0-86715-415-2
‘Do-It-Yourself’ Dental Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Key S.J. , Kittur M.A. , Hodder S.C.
Published: August 2017

The use of topical desensitizing agents and the placement of superficial restorations at cervical margins are part of a conventional treatment plan for hypersensitive teeth. This case report describes a dental-phobic patient who employed a rather peculiar ‘do-it-yourself’ approach to alleviate the problems of hypersensitivity, by covering her teeth with a mixture of candle wax and ‘household’ glue.
Clinical Variants in Tooth Number and Crown Form: A Report of Bilateral Double Teeth Associated with a Talon Cusp
Authors: Kim Li Raymond Wai
Published: August 2017

The aetiological factors related to many dental anomalies are still uncertain. Clinical descriptive terms may be useful in communications. This paper describes a previously unreported case of dental anomaly exhibited as bilateral double teeth associated with a talon cusp. The clinical variants related to crown numbers and forms are also discussed.
Why are My Crowns ‘High?’
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Assessment of Occlusal Reduction during Preparation of Teeth for Fixed Restorations. C.D. Lynch, R.J. McConnell. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2002; 87: 110–111.
Implant Complications and Failures: The Fixed Prosthesis
Authors: Tinsley D. , Watson C.J. , Preston A.J.
Published: August 2017

The implant-retained fixed prosthesis has been advocated as an effective restoration offering significant benefits over conventional prosthetics. The success of treatment depends on careful pre-surgical planning and prosthesis design. This paper outlines some common complications encountered during the planning, fabrication and maintenance of both large and small fixed prostheses and suggests how these complications can be minimized.
Dental Appliances for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Construction Aspects for General Dental Practitioners
Authors: Ellis Simon G.S. , Craik Nicholas W. , Deans Robert F. , Hanning Chris D.
Published: August 2017

The medical and dental aspects of management for patients diagnosed with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea are well documented. However, guidance for treatment by the general dental practitioner is lacking. This article reviews aspects of appliance provision and presents the use of a silicone material in an attempt to improve the longevity of a recognized prosthesis.