bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Antara Keaktifan Berorganisasi Dengan Tingkat Perilaku Prososial Mahasiswa Pengurus PMII UNNES Tahun 2020
Authors: Badaruddin Muchammad
Published: June 2021

Based on the phenomenon that exists in the PMII UNNES student organization, it was found that the prosocial behavior of the members of PMII UNNES was good, but some of the administrators had low level of prosocial behavior when it comes in the outside of the organization. This research aims to determine the relationship between organizational contribution with the level of prosocial behavior. The technique used to collect the data is jenuh sampling. 63 members of the PMII UNNES year 2020 were the sample of this study.  The data was collected by doing a pre-test and post-test using the organizational contribution scale and the prosocial scale. This research used correlational quantitative method with the correlation formula of 'product moment' named Pearson Correlation proposed by Karl Pearson. The result showed that the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.512 and p = 0.915> 0.05, which indicates that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational contribution and the level of prosocial behavior done by the members of PMII UNNES year 2020.
Hubungan Kadar Cancer Antigen 15-3 Serum dengan Metastasis Kanker Payudara
Authors: M Fakhriyyatur Rahmi , Rikarni Rikarni , Harminarti Nora
Published: June 2021

Background: CA 15-3 serum is one of the tumor marker that has been recommended by American Soviety of Clinical Oncology to show the response of the therapy, prognosis and metastasis of the breast cancer.  CA 15-3 serum is a mucin that will be expressed by breast cancer cell. The over expression of CA 15-3 serum can be occurred if the cell progressivity is increase. Several studies have shown that CA 15-3 serum is increasing in metastasis breast cancer. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the CA 15-3 serum with metastasis breast cancer. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design in breast cancer patient at Dr. M Djamil Hospital. Sampling using consequtive sampling technique with a total sample of 46 people. Data was analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Distant metastasis of Breast cancer was more common in age group of 40-60 years (65,21%) and  86,96% had shown a lymphatic metastasis. The mean of CA 15-3 serum was higher in the group with distant metastasis 385,0439 U/mL compared to group without distant metastasis. Distant metastasis was more common in single state metastasis (69,6%) with the mean 472,24 U/mL. Common targeting organ of  the distant metastasis was lung (69,9%). The highest mean of CA 15-3 serum was in pleura 557,2 U/mL. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean of CA 15-3 serum with metastasis breast cancer (p=0.000).
Gambaran Komplikasi Otitis Media Supuratif Kronis Tipe Bahaya di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017-2019
Authors: Rumadas Lucinda Patesia Amada , Munilson Jacky , Pertiwi Dian
Published: June 2021

Background. Atticoantral type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) becomes a major health problem in developing countries. This condition has potential to be hard becaused complications that occur. Objective. This objectives of this study was to decribe atticoantral type complications CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang years 2017-2019. Methode: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from medical record of patients diagnosed with atticoantral type CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang periode 2017-2019. This study involved outpatients and inpatient with total subject 242 who qualify inclusion criteria. Sampling technic used total sampling technic Results. There are 242 cases atticoantral CSOM with the most age group years ˃10-20 and more men than woman. The Incidence of complications was founded to be 9,1% with the most intracranial complications age group years ˃20-30, while the most age group in intratemporal complications were years ˃10-20 and more experienced by men than women. Mortality rate was found 9,1% in intrakranial complications and no cases mortality rate in intratemporal complication. Conclusion. The incidence of compliations CSOM atticoantral type in RSUP Dr M Djamil still quite high.
Hubungan Penggunaan Smartphone pada Malam Hari Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas
Authors: Lubis Nika Fitri , Hanum Fathiya Juwita , Reza Mohamad
Published: June 2021

Smartphone adalah telepon yang menggabungkan kemampuan-kemampuan canggih dan merupakan bentuk lanjutan dari Wireless Mobile Device (WMD) yang bisa berfungsi seperti komputer dengan menawarkan fitur-fitur yaitu Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), akses internet, e-mail, dan Global Positioning System (GPS). Indonesia merupakan pengguna aktif smartphone terbesar keempat di dunia setelah Cina, India, dan Amerika. Smartphone dilengkapi dengan tampilan light-emitting diode (LED) yang dapat menyebabkan penekanan produksi melatonin pada malam hari dan mempengaruhi regulasi sirkadian dari siklus tidur-bangun, sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas tidur. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan penggunaan smartphone pada malam hari terhadap kualitas tidur mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas pada bulan Oktober 2019 – Juni 2020 . Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah stratified random sampling dengan jumlah total 261 sampel. Hasil: Penggunaan smartphone pada malam hari <2 jam (11,1 %), >2 jam (88,9%), kualitas tidur baik (37,9%), kualitas tidur buruk (62,1%). Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan nilai p-value 0,024 (<0,05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan smartphone pada malam hari terhadap kualitas tidur mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan smartphone pada malam hari terhadap kualitas tidur mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas.
Kata Kunci: Smartphone, kualitas tidur.
Designing Persuasive Application to Promote Public Transportation Use
Authors: Yogasara Thedy , Naomi Vania Edra Christabel
Published: June 2021

The poor air quality of Jakarta, caused among others by fossil fuel combustion for transportation, harmfully affects the health of its people. Carbon emissions resulting from transportation activities can be reduced by getting people to use public transportation more frequently. This research aims at designing a persuasive application to encourage people to use public transportation more often. The steps of interaction design were employed. Firstly, user needs were identified using interviews, resulting in 48 interpreted needs which were then grouped into nine primary needs. Secondly, a design workshop involving users and designers was conducted to produce three concept alternatives. In the next stage, the best concept was selected using the concept scoring method and was subsequently refined through the SCAMPER method. A high-fidelity prototype was developed based on the final concept. Lastly, the evaluation process of the application prototype named ecoGlide consisted of two major parts, i.e. the evaluation of performance and persuasive qualities. The performance evaluation was conducted through Usability Testing using five criteria. The effectiveness and efficiency criteria consecutively score 91% and 71.43%, exceeding the minimum acceptable value of 70%. Furthermore, the satisfaction, usefulness, and learnability criteria respectively score 3.83, 3.88, and 3.88, which surpass the threshold value of 3.4. The persuasive quality was evaluated using the qualitative method through a coding scheme. The result shows that the Emotion and Persuasion categories were most closely related to the application use. The most influential sub-category of the persuasion aspect is Reward Driven, which ranks 4th out of 14 sub-categories. Overall, the ecoGlide application was considered to have good usability and persuasive ability.
Risk Assessment during Covid-19 and Learning from Home: Evidence from University Students in Indonesia
Authors: Soetisna Herman Rahadian , Widyanti Ari , Syafira Airin , Pujiartati Dwita Astari
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has become an international concern. Policies to prevent the spread of disease, such as learning from home, are applied to university students. The present study examines the risk assessment in relation to physical, mental, and psychosocial condition of Indonesian students toward COVID-19 and learning from home. This study involves 838 Indonesian students. A questionnaire consisting of demographic data and constructs from a comprehensive literature study regarding COVID-19 related issues and learning from home issues was developed. Most Indonesian student respondents have a good knowledge of COVID-19 and have received accurate information from the government. The anxiety level during COVID-19 is mild. In relation to physical condition, most students reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck, shoulder, and back areas. The respondents conduct preventive behavior against COVID-19 spread, with lack of physical exercise. In relation to mental and psychosocial condition. In relation to mental and psychosocial condition, respondents report moderate mental workload and proper social support from lecturers and friends. In conclusion, most Indonesian university students have a good knowledge and proper attitudes toward COVID-19 and learning from home, which are important in combating and passing through the pandemic.
Quality culture in action for a respiratory course: A dynamic CQI process at an engineering based allopathic medical school
Authors:   Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Translational Science, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61821, USA, Barbaric Lidija , MacInnis Bailey ,   Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Translational Science, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61821, USA, Ahmad Kashif A. ,   Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Translational Science, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61821, USA; & Office of Academic Learning Environment, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL 33027, USA
Published: June 2021

Carle Illinois College of Medicine (CIMED) opened its doors in 2018 as an allopathic medical school under provisional accreditation by the Liaison Committee of Medical Education (LCME) and in 2014, the LCME mandated that all U.S. medical schools implement the process of internal continuous quality improvement (CQI). Here, the authors take a retrospective look at how CIMED utilized frequent and granular student feedback to contribute to continuous quality improvement (CQI) during the school’s Respiratory course, by citing specific examples of changes and student satisfaction outcomes from the inaugural class (2018) to the second class (2019). The authors outline how this cycle of evaluation and action can effectively incorporate students into the CQI process to enhance student success via faculty-student partnership. Furthermore, the authors discuss the nuance of feedback interpretation by the involved faculty and advocate for CQI based on a deeper understanding of the student experience such that change initiated by CQI may extend beyond benchmark data collection. The authors discuss how dynamic feedback may be helpful in achieving equipoise between long-standing principles of medical pedagogy and newer trends in medical education, while still maintaining student satisfaction and continuing to develop a culture of quality improvement.
Diamondiferous alluvial deposits of the Longatshimo Valley, Kasai Province, southern DRC: a sedimentary and economic model of a central African diamond placer
Authors: Spaggiari R.I. , de Wit M.C.J.
Published: June 2021

The Kasai alluvial field in southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is part of central Africa’s largest diamond placer that has produced more than 200 million carats, mainly derived from Quaternary deposits. A small part of these deposits, along and within the Longatshimo River, is the subject of this study providing a glimpse into the alluvial history of the Kasai diamond placer. This work documents their sedimentological and diamond mineralization attributes, as well as their emplacement processes, which can inform future exploration models. The key controls of this placer formation, notably Quaternary climatic variations, fluvial landscape evolution and bedrock conditions are also evaluated. A consequence of the interplay among these processes is that diamond supply (from Cretaceous alluvial sources), recycling and concentration were most pronounced and consistent, in the Late Quaternary. Alluvial diamond mineralization in this central African region thus evolved differently to those in southern Africa. Based on exploration results in the Longatshimo Valley, diamond concentration improves but diamond size diminishes with decreasing deposit age, and thus the modern river sediments contain the highest abundance but smallest diamonds. This is opposite to the grade and diamond size trend that characterises southern African fluvial diamond placers. The Longatshimo River study offers insight into the Kasai alluvial field, and its placer model is expected to be applicable to the exploration of other central African diamond placers.
Lesión quirúrgica de la vía biliar:experiencia en el Hospital José Ramón Vidal de Corrientes
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital José Ramón Vidal, Corrientes Argentina, Segovia José R. , Barrios Escubilla Fernando , Ruiz Matías
Published: June 2021

Background: Bile duct injury represents a serious health problem and can occur after any cholecystectomy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report our experience in repairing bile duct injuries analyzing morbidity, mortality and its incidence in our department. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study. The information was retrieved form the medical records of 19 patients with bile duct injury hospitalized at the Hospital José Ramón Vidal, Corrientes, Argentina, between January 2011 and July 2019. Results: A Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 12 patients, double hepaticojejunostomy in two patients, and two patients were treated with end-to-end ductal anastomosis with suture over a T tube. Three patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stent placement and dilation. Conclusion: Surgeons should be trained to avoid the possibility of bile duct injury. The main goal of cholecystectomy should be to avoid this complication
El carácter científico de la Cirugía. Historia y Filosofía
Authors:   Academia Argentina de Cirugía, Chullmir Raúl I.
Published: June 2021

Can we talk about science when we speak about surgery? Not, accordingly to classical epistemology. To consider a discipline as scientific, it must meet certain requirements that surgery would not seem to satisfy: being part of a paradigm and creating scientific knowledge. Therefore, if we want to affirm the scientific nature of surgery, we must investigate the existence of exemplars that could be paradigmatic, since they are the ones that support its epistemic structure. Along with this, we must demonstrate that their practice creates scientific knowledge. We’ve postulated five objectives that surgery had to satisfy. We’ve seen in classic history, that the main characters which are considered founders of modern surgery –Ambrosio Pare and John Hunter– were only able to reach the first three, and as we’ll see, were not enough to consider surgery as part of science. Moving forward in history, we are able to find the first paradigmatic exemplars. The first corresponds to the research work in the animal phase, prior to the first successful human gastrectomy performed by the German surgeon Theodor Billroth, in 1882. The second corresponds to the research in thyroid’s physiology carried out by Emil T. Kocher; thanks to this, he won the Nobel Prize in medicine and phy- siology in 1909. An analysis of the epistemic development of surgery is made from them, and the consequences are analyzed using the concept of the epistemic cycle. Those key hypotheses are important to understand the creation of scientific knowledge in technical disciplines as surgery
Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria en un Servicio de Cirugía General: cinco años de experiencia
Authors:   Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Dr. N. Avellaneda, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina, Brahin Federico A. , Toll Enrique , Zain el Din Pablo , Resina Javier E.
Published: June 2021

Background: Major ambulatory surgery is defined as therapeutic or diagnostic surgical procedures, performed under general, regional or local anesthesia, with or without sedation, which require shortterm postoperative care, and therefore do not require hospital admission Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of the same day unit integrated to the Department of General Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgery at Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Avellaneda in San Miguel de Tucumán between January 2014 and December 2018. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients between 14 and 75 years were included. Data were collected from a prospective database implemented for the beginning of a pilot experience. Results: A total of 3827 surgeries were performed; 2327 corresponded to MAS procedures; 1514 patients were women, and aged ranged between 45 and 54 years. The surgical procedures corresponded to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, abdominal wall defects, perianal diseases and combined procedures. Quality indicators: the cancellation rate, which indicates the percentage of patients who did not attend the day surgery unit, and the rate of procedures suspended due to issues associated with patient selection and infrastructure, showed a statistically significant reduction between 2014 and 2018. Unplanned repeated surgery rate was 0.35% in 2018, and unplanned admissions and readmissions decreased to 1.6% and 1.07%, respectively, in 2018. Major complications occurred in 13 patients and 39 patients presented minor complications. Patient’s satisfaction was 99.5%.. Conclusion: MAS is a safe process, with low rate of complications. .
Tumor papilar sólido-quístico pancreático
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General, HPB y Trasplante hepático, renopancreático e intestinal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Buenos Aires. Argentina, Montes Leonardo A. , Alaniz Jimena , Diéguez Andrés , Varela Estanislao , Lobos Fernando D. , Fernández Florencia M. , Farinelli Pablo , Ramisch Diego , Barros Schelotto Pablo , Gondolesi Gabriel
Published: June 2021

Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare condition that affects young women. The most common symptom is unspecific abdominal pain. It is a malignant tumor of low malignant potential. Objective: The aim of this study is to report a case series of patients treated in a single center and perform a bibliographic review. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the cases with pathological diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas treated in the Department of General Surgery between February 2013 and September 2019. The following variables were analyzed; age, sex, tumor location, surgical treatment, operative time, complications, length of hospital stay and long-term follow-up. Results: Nine patients were included; all of them were women with mean age of 30 years (range: 20 - 70 years). The most common location of the tumor was the tail of the pancreas (n = 4; 45%). Surgery was performed in all the cases; five cases underwent video-assisted laparoscopy and spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was the technique more commonly used (n = 6). Three complications were recorded: two abdominal collections due to biliary leaks were trated by percutaneous approach and the other patient presented delayed gastric emptying and required prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: Solid pseudopapillary tumor pf the pancreas is a rare low-grade malignant neoplasm. The prognosis is favorable after surgery and laparoscopy is the preferred approach in centers with experience.
El diafragma, el hiato y la unión gastroesofágica
Authors:   Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Korn Bruzzone Owen , Figueroa-Giralt Manuel
Published: June 2021

The point where the esophagus connects to the stomach, known as the cardia, its transition and relationship with the diaphragmatic hiatus, its fibromembranous attachments, the existence of an anatomic gastroesophageal sphincter and its real morphology, and the interaction between all these elements, have been subject of debate for decades that still persist. The aim of this article is to describe the updated information of such structures.
El sistema de médicos residentes: año 2020
Authors:   University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Pellegrini Carlos A. , Palavecino Martin
Published: June 2021

The present review of the last years in the training of human resources in surgery highlights the validity and vision for the future of Prof. Dr. Mario Brea’s speech. When he defines the residency system, we realize that the principles are the same, but adapted to the 21st century: ▪ Progressive training. ▪ Pre-established programs with modern curricula and comprehensive systems of evaluation. ▪ Promotion and allocation of more responsibilities: compliance with Milestones (or in the future with some other type of assessment such as Entrusted Professional Activities, EPAs). ▪ Direction, guidance and close supervision with the implementation of feedback as a pedagogical tool. Appropriate work environment and schedule: simulation as a protected environment for learning surgical and NTS skills; restrictive working hours to reduce medical error. ▪ Research and teaching: the publication of original papers should be encouraged since the early years of training as well as the relationship with junior residents to create a virtuous circle of professional training
Социальная культура тувинцев и онлайн-пространство
Authors: Ламажаа Чимиза Кудер-ооловна
Published: June 2021

В статье анализируется проблема как современные технологии стали для тувинцев, помимо всего прочего, своеобразными проводниками архаизации — процесса возвращения к архаическим социальным и культурным связям и смыслам. Источником данных являются результаты авторского опроса тувинцев, пользующихся социальными сетями, мессенджерами. Опрос состоялся в начале 2021 г. методом случайной выборки, охватил 205 человек, ответивших на вопросы анкеты в Google Forms.

Российская киберэтнография сегодня больше сконцентрирована на изучении презентации этничности в Интернете. Автор предлагает пойти дальше и рассмотреть сеть как новое пространство для функционирования социальной культуры этноса на примере тувинцев. В основе анализа — идеи антропологов К. Хайн и Г. Рейнгольда, что позволяет говорить о сетевой социальности как факте социальной реальности.

Развитие беспроводного Интернета в Туве привело к тем же результатам, что и во всем мире — люди научились действовать совместно в условиях, которые ранее этого не допускали. Значительное число тувинцев имеют группы (родственников, коллег, друзей) в мессенджерах, прежде всего Viber, общение в которых имеет различные социальные «последствия». Чаще всего Viber используется для связи со знакомыми, родственниками (90,2%). Родственные группы насчитывают от 13 до 70 человек, общение в них ведется почти постоянно, чаще всего на тувинском языке; участники обмениваются информацией, новостями и договариваются о совместных действиях. Использование интернет-коммуникаций как возможность сплочения, координации действий позволяет тувинцам максимально результативно участвовать в голосованиях в интернет-конкурсах разного масштаба.

Исторический экскурс позволяет увидеть, что пространство социальной культуры тувинцев подвергалась на протяжении истории изменениям, а социальная культура сохранила свои основные ценности — значимость социальных связей родственных групп.
Сибирь и Индия в евразийском социокультурном пространстве: меридиональное измерение
Authors: Иванов Андрей Владимирович , Журавлева Светлана Михайловна , Попков Юрий Владимирович
Published: June 2021

В работе представлен анализ содержания книги известного индийского ученого, специалиста по Центральной Азии доктора Кулбхушана Варику (K. Warikoo) “Siberia and India: Historical Cultural Affinities” («Сибирь и Индия: историко-культурное родство»). Она была издана на английском языке в Нью-Дели в 2020 г. Международным фондом Вивекананды (Индия). Отмечается, что методологические установки исследования автора близки позициям рецензентов и многих других российских коллег и что данный труд свидетельствует о перспективности сотрудничества индийских и сибирских ученых в самых разных областях, в том числе по линии повышения качества самих исследований и научных публикаций.

Автор пишет, что между Индией и народами Сибири существует явное историко-культурное родство, в частности, благодаря общим традициям и буддийской культуре. На страницах книги, которая относится к классическому жанру путевых научных очерков, приводятся некоторые наблюдения индийского ученого, сделанные во время путешествий по республикам Бурятия (2007), Хакасия (2009), Алтай (2014 и 2015) и Тыва (2016) Российской Федерации, подтверждающие его тезис. Автор отмечает распространенность в традиционной культуре сибирских народов представлений, которые являются характерными и для гималайских народов. Он делает вывод о необходимости дальнейшего выявления общих традиций, верований и обычаев у народов Сибири и Индии, что может стать плодотворной основой научного сотрудничества между сибирскими и индийскими учеными.

Эта идея научного сотрудничества должна способствовать и росту самосознания населения Сибири, занимающей срединное положение на пространствах Евразии и являющейся местом культурного и цивилизационного взаимодействия народов. Обращается внимание на некоторые упущения д-ра Варику, в частности, по проблемам неоднозначности языковой ситуации в Туве.
Антропонимы тувинского языка, связанные с буддийской религией
Authors: Сувандии Надежда Дарыевна
Published: June 2021

В статье представлена систематизация личных имен тувинцев, бытующих в настоящее время, связанных с буддийской религией, которые были заимствованы из тибетского языка и санскрита через монгольский. Материал исследования был собран автором во времена комплексных научных экспедиций в 1999–2020 гг. на территории Ховдского, Баян-Улэгэйского и Хубсугульского аймаков Монголии, а также в районах Республики Тыва. 

Выделено восемь типов антропонимов: 1) антропонимы, связанные с названиями священных книг и текстами из сутр, которые используются при чтении молитв в буддийских монастырях; 2) личные имена, в которых отражены названия буддийских божеств; 3) имена, связанные с названиями планет; 4) антропонимы, характеризующие личностные качества и состояния денотата; 5) личные имена, связанные с атрибутикой священнослужителей; 6) имена, связанные с растительностью; 7) антропонимы, связанные с названиями драгоценных камней, металлов и др.; 8) антропонимы, связанные с различными достижениями служения буддизму. Приведены примеры по каждой из выделенных групп. 

Также выявлены фонетические трансформации, которые встречаются почти во всех заимствованиях.
KAJIAN GULA REDUKSI MENJADI ALKOHOL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF)
Authors: Rini Hartari Widia , Maryanti Maryanti , Undadraja Bigi
Published: June 2021

Alkohol sangat erat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, alkohol digunakan menjadi pelarut atau bahan tambahan dalam bidang makanan, industri, farmasi, laboratorium, dan kecantikan. Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit berpotensi diolah menjadi alkohol, karena mengandung selulosa yang diubah menjadi gula, gula itu yang difermentasi menjadi alkohol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gula reduksi dan alkohol yang dihasilkan dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit.  Penelitian dilakukan melalui 2 tahap, yaitu tahap pertama adalah persiapan sampel TKKS yang sudah di pretreatment basa (NaOH). Tahap kedua pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi fermentasi dengan enzim cellulase (Novozymes Yield CL) selama 24 jam, kemudian fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Selama 72 jam. Konsentrasi substrat yang digunakan 7,5% dan 10%, konsentrasi starter yang digunakan 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Data hasil penelitian di analisis dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula reduksi paling tinggi di penambahan substrat 7,5% yaitu 3,014% dan substrat 10% menghasilkan gula 2,686%. Hasil uji alkohol didapatkan bahwa substrat 10% dan starter 20% berbeda nyata yaitu 3,5%, sedangkan substrat 7,5% dan starter 10% menghasilkan alkohol terkecil 1%. 

 

Kata kunci : Akohol, Gula Reduksi, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit.
GENERATION OF PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT PARTS USING A NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Fedotova I. V. , Manafov M. K. O. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the automation of the process of creating batches of percussion instruments using a neural network. The LSTM neural network for generating drum parts is considered as a tool. The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that despite the ability of the LSTM neural network to generate percussion instrument parts with a stable rhythm, the quality of the generated parts is inferior to the quality of human-made parts.
ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC FORMATION OF A DIGITAL WATERMARK IN THE PROGRAM MEMORY
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Belim S. V. , Munko S. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: June 2021

An algorithm for embedding digital watermarks into the memory of the executable program is proposed. Digital watermarks are used for copy protection and copyright confirmation of digital objects. The proposed approach makes it possible to form a digital watermark in the operative memory of an executable program for a limited period of time. The address of the embedded information in RAM is random, which greatly complicates its detection and identification. Extraction of digital watermark is performed by passphrase. The embedding, extraction and removal of a digital watermark is implemented using a dynamic library, which is an integral part of the user authentication process, which prevents third-party removal of the digital watermark.
DEPENDENCE OF THE INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHTS ON THE TRAINING EFFICIENCY OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Kolganov I. P.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the influence of the initial weights, during training. Data set is generated by computation methods based on the Lennard-Jones equation. The trained regression model predicts interaction energy between two particles. The sum square error is chosen as the criterion for evaluating of the efficiency. The article presents graphs of the efficiency indicator from the number of training steps, for different regimes. The data obtained in this article will allow to analyze the possibility of fast method designing for complex models.
ON THE PROBABILITY OF INFECTION OF A SUSCEPTIBLE NODE FOR THE REED-FROST MODEL
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Nikiforova A. Y. , Magazev A. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: June 2021

We investigate a model of computer virus propagation based on the Reed-Frost model and the random graph model. A simplified formula for the probability of infection of a susceptible node is obtained, which significantly simplifies the software implementation of the model under consideration. Then a simulation experiment was carried out, which showed that the resulting formula gives a good estimate for the results obtained experimentally.
A importância da relação médico-paciente na abordagem às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis
Authors: Villar Natalia Pimentel Gonçalves , Stoco Ana Luiza Rocha Costa , Leporace Andressa Carvalho , Teodoro Bianca de Almeida , Costa Isabella Guimarães , Azevedo Karina Amaral de , Silva Lucas Gomes Vidal da , Figueiredo Rayanne de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Estabelecer a importância da relação médico-paciente no contexto das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e de que forma isso interfere no modo de lidar com a doença e na adesão ao tratamento. Revisão bibliográfica: O indivíduo com DCNT precisa não só de um tratamento medicamentoso, mas de uma mudança no estilo de vida, e para que se obtenha um resultado satisfatório é importante que ele entenda o curso e as complicações decorrentes da doença, além de ter um plano terapêutico que se adapte a sua individualidade. Para alcançar esse objetivo, é importante que se estabeleça um vínculo de confiança entre médico e paciente, sendo para isso necessário os esforços e habilidades do profissional de saúde para se moldar às particularidades de cada indivíduo. Considerações finais: É evidente, então, a importância de ensinar aos estudantes da área de saúde a ver os pacientes como um todo, cada um com suas especificidades, e a tratar de pessoas, não de doenças.
Problemas na alimentação infantil e sua associação com a doença do refluxo
Authors: Araújo Aline Curcio de , Granja Alessandra Cabral , Oliveira Amanda Silva de , Gandra Ayalla Isadora Santos , Ribeiro Érica Karina Tiago , Barbosa Gabriela Fernandes Marques , Arantes Isabela Maria , Shiro Jacqueline Yamahata Barbosa , Iachinski Joslaine Shuartz , Souza Rhamai Carneiro de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Identificar os problemas na alimentação infantil que apresentam associação com a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico na infância. Revisão bibliográfica: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) possui causa multifatorial e corresponde a uma disfunção crônica decorrente do fluxo retrógrado de conteúdo gástrico para o esôfago. A exposição frequente do conteúdo gástrico no esôfago pode causar um defeito no esfíncter esofagiano inferior, que desempenha um papel de barreira antirrefluxo.  Dessa forma, essa disfunção pode favorecer a ocorrência de relaxamentos transitórios do esfíncter, causando aumento da predisposição à DRGE. Em crianças, o refluxo gastroesofágico se manifesta de forma fisiológica, entretanto, quando concomitante a sintomas diversos e complicações, geralmente decorrentes de problemas na alimentação, poderá causar o desenvolvimento da DRGE, cujas manifestações mais comuns são a pirose e regurgitação, sintomas que podem influenciar negativamente na qualidade de vida da criança e seus familiares. Considerações finais: A DRGE se manifesta de diferentes formas, causando sinais e sintomas muito amplos de acordo com a faixa etária. Sendo assim, é fundamental identificar os grupos de risco, estar atualizado com a diretriz, e fazer orientações quanto à alimentação adequada, a fim de minimizar suas complicações e facilitar o diagnóstico.
Íleo biliar do cólon sigmóide: uma causa rara de obstrução intestinal
Authors: Oliveira Aurélio Rocha Batista de , Alves Amanda Lage Araújo , Ferreira Amanda Machado , Viana N´ájila Aélida Oliveira , Furtado Raissa Dalat Coelho , Alves Rafael Bruno da Silveira , Furtado Tatiana Dalat Coelho
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Mostrar a importância de se considerar o íleo biliar como uma causa de abdome agudo obstrutivo. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 77 anos, admitido em unidade hospitalar com queixa de dor e distensão abdominal, vômitos e constipação. Colelitíase diagnosticada há 2 anos, sem tratamento. Realizou tomografia computadorizada de abdome e pelve que identificou distensão hidroaérea de intestino delgado e dilatação com retenção de fezes e líquidos dos cólons à montante de uma formação com configuração arredondada, densidade heterogênea, situada na porção proximal do sigmoide, medindo 3,3cm no maior diâmetro. Além disso, foi identificado ar na região da vesícula biliar, vias biliares e colédoco, com trajeto fistuloso bem definido entre o ângulo hepático do cólon e o leito da vesícula biliar. Fechado diagnóstico de abdome agudo obstrutivo devido a íleo biliar de cólon sigmoide. Realizada laparotomia com colecistectomia, colectomia direita e remoção do cálculo impactado. Considerações finais: O íleo biliar do cólon é uma causa rara de obstrução mecânica em intestino grosso, causada pela impactação de cálculo biliar em ponto de estreitamento colônico e deve ser considerado como causa de abdome agudo principalmente em idosos. A cirurgia é a base do seu tratamento.
Aspectos epidemiológicos dos óbitos por sepse neonatal no Estado da Bahia
Authors: Aguiar Kaique Vinicius da Cruz Santos , Souza Greice Kely Oliveira de , Rabelo Myllena Ferreira , Carvalho Jonas de Jesus , Sampaio Tiago de Freitas , Saba Janaína Magalhães Bispo , Borges Kaluana , Oliveira Laís Santos Lima , Antunes Marcus Vinícius Mascarenhas
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por sepse neonatal no estado da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo ecológico exploratório descritivo de série temporal, realizado através dos dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Foram estudados os óbitos por sepse neonatal ocorridos entre os anos de 2014 e 2018, entre indivíduos de 0 a 27 dias de nascido, residentes do Estado da Bahia. Baseou-se nas categorias da CID-10: A40, A41 e P36. Foram estudados varáveis ​​neonatais, de óbito, da gestação, do parto e maternas. Resultados: Ocorreram 1114 óbitos neonatais por sepse, representando 9,4% de todas as mortes entre faixa etária estudada no período, obtendo uma taxa de 1,09 óbitos por cada 1.000 nascidos vivos. Sendo caracterizados por bebês entre a faixa etária entre 0 a 6 dias de vida, recém-nascido do sexo masculino, cor parda, aqueles com extremo baixo peso e prematuros de idade gestacional de 22 a 31 semanas. Houve domínio também entre aqueles que nasceram de gravidez unifetal, parto vaginal, de mães entre a faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos com escolaridade 8 a 11 anos. Conclusão: Os neonatos constituem um grupo mais vulnerável à sepse, aumentando o risco de mortalidade. Os resultados encontrados indicam necessidade de intensificação nas medidas de prevenção.
YAYLI ÇALGILAR PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRME ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Alper Tunga
Published: June 2021

Yaylı çalgılar performans değerlendirme ölçeği: Türkçeye çevrilmesi başlığı altında yapıl-mış olan bu çalışma, sınav, konser, yarışma gibi sahne performansların ölçülmesi ve değer-lendirmesi amacı ile yaylı çalgıların tümünde kullanılmak üzere oluşturulmuştur. Perfor-mans çıktılarının ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesinin eğitimdeki önemi; farklı ekol/okullardan yetişmiş eğitmenler tarafından yetiştirilen öğrencilerin bu performanslarının çıktılarının değerlendirilmesi ve notlamasında puan kaybı olmasının önlenmesidir. Ölçeğin maddelerinin gerekçeleri ve açıklamaları, farklı ekolleri kapsayan seslendir-me/yorumlamaları içeren nitelikte olmasından dolayı ayrıca değerlidir. Bu çalışma, Zdzins-ki ve Barnes’in ‘Development and Validation of a String Performance Rating Scale’ isimli, daha önce Abeles (1973) tarafından geliştirilen Clarinet Performance Rating Scale ve Ber-gee (1987) tarafından geliştirilen Tuba-Euphonium Performance Rating Scale ölçeklerinin performans değerlendirme ölçütlerini yaylı çalgılara uyarlayarak oluşturduğu çalışmayı temel alarak yapılmıştır. Yorumlama/müzikal etki, ifade/ton, ses uyumu, ritim/tempo ve vibrato ana başlıklarından oluşan ve toplamında yirmi sekiz alt madde ile yaylı çalgıların tümünde performans ölçme ve değerlendirme kriterlerini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada Zdzins-ki ve Barnes’in (2002) tarafından geliştirilen ‘Development and Validation of a String Per-formance Rating Scale’ ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Yaylı çalgı eğitiminde, uygun/yetkin performans için gerekli teknik ve müzikal zorunluluk-lar olduğu bilinmekle beraber, performans değerlendirmelerinin çok detaylı ve titizlikle yapılması gerekliliği görülmektedir. Ancak Devlet Konservatuvarları, Güzel Sanatlar Fakül-teleri, Sanat ve Tasarım Fakülteleri ve Eğitim Fakülteleri gibi sanat kurumlarında verilen yaylı çalgı eğitimlerin farklı ekoller/eğitim anlayışlarını içerdiği için performans değerlen-dirme kriterlerinde objektif bakış açısı hakim olarak akredite olamamış, eğitim sürecinin temsilcisi olan performansın değerlendirmesini yoruma açık bırakmıştır. Yaylı çalgılar performans değerlendirme ölçeğindeki ana başlıklar hariç alt maddenin, her kurumun iç dinamiklerine uygun olarak ve ölçeğin genel yapısını bozmadan değiştirilebileceği ön gö-rülmekle beraber, farklı disiplinlerde (Türk Halk Müziği, Türk Sanat Müziği, Otantik/Etnik Müzik) eğitim veren kurumların kendi özel değerlendirme kriterlerini oluşturabileceği dü-şünülmektedir.
BİYOGRAFİ V ESER KAVRAMLARINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİYLE İBNÜLEMİN MAHMUT KEMAL İNAL
Authors: BİÇER İsmail Alperen
Published: June 2021

XV. yüzyıldan XX. yüzyıla kadar varlığını sürdüren tezkire geleneğinin ‘son temsilcisi’ olarak İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal, şairlerin, sadrazamların, hattatların ve musikişinasların biyografilerini ve eserlerinden örnekleri ihtiva eden tezkireler kaleme almıştır. Onu edebiyat tarihinde görünür kılan da kuşkusuz bu eserleridir. Ancak dönemin süreli yayınlarında çıkan ve henüz yeni harflere aktarılmamış yazıları da tıpkı tezkireleri ve monografileri gibi dikkate değer metinlerdir. Bu yazılar, her ne kadar kuramsal/nazari bir metotla kaleme alınmamış olsalar da uzun süren yazı hayatında yoğun bir biçimde biyografiyle meşgul olan bir şahsiyetin görüşlerini yansıtmaları bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Resimli Gazete ve Türk Tarih Encümeni Mecmuası adlı süreli yayınlarda çıkan “Meşâhir-i Osmaniyye”, “Eser-Müessir”, “Âsâr-ı Muhallede” ve “Meşâhir-i Meçhûle” yazılarında İbnülemin, ‘biyografi’ ve ‘eser’ kavramlarına dair görüşlerini dile getirir. Eslafa gösterilen hürmetin bir vesikası olarak gördüğü biyografi çalışmalarının önemine ve gerekliliğine dikkat çeken İbnülemin, biyografi yazmanın zorluklarını ifade eder. Ayrıca edebî şahsiyetin şöhretine bakılmaksızın asıl dikkate alınması gereken şeyin eser olduğuna vurgu yapar. Bu makalede İbnülemin’in süreli yayınlarda çıkan yazılarına dayalı olarak onun biyografi ve eser kavramlarına ilişkin görüşleri incelenecektir.
İÇSEL MARKALAMANIN MARKA VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI VE İŞTE KALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: HİZMET SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: GÜDÜK Tanju , AKDOĞAN Çağatay , AKYOL Ayşe
Published: June 2021

Marka vaadini, değerlerini ve özelliklerini benimseyen çalışanların, dış müşteriye markayı daha iyi tanıtabileceğini savunan içsel markalama, son yıllarda önem kazanan bir pazarlama unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İçsel pazarlamanın önem kazanmasıyla literatürdeki yerini alan içsel markalama sayesinde işletmeler, günümüz pazar koşullarında rekabet avantajı elde etmekte ve çalışanların markayla özdeşleşerek işletmeye bağlılıklarını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, içsel markalama ile marka vatandaşlık davranışı ve işte kalma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek, ayrıca içsel motivasyonun bu değişkenlerle ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinde içsel markalama faaliyetlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla 470 adet beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmesi çalışanına ulaşılmış olup elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ise içsel markalama unsurlarının marka vatandaşlık davranışı ve işte kalma niyeti üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca içsel motivasyon ile marka vatandaşlık davranışı ve işte kalma niyeti arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir.
SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIM NEDENLERİNİN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ONARMAN Beste , VARDARLIER Pelin
Published: June 2021

Sosyal medya kavramı her geçen gün farklı alanlarda daha da aktif bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde bilgi, düşünce, bakış açısı, haber, içerik paylaşmak için çevrimiçi süreçlerin hem kişisel bazda, hem de işletmeler açısından farklı açılımlar sağladığı görülmüştür. Sosyal medyanın yaygınlaşması iletişim becerilerinin daha nitelikli bir hale gelmesi ve geniş ölçekli bir dünyaya adım atılmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında sosyal medyanın diğer iletişim kanalları içinde nasıl bir konuma sahip olduğu ve kullanıcıların iletişim becerileri üzerinde ne kadar etkili olduğu konusunda nicel analiz tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bulgular doğrultusunda sosyal medya kullanım nedenlerinin genel anlamda iletişim becerilerini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
SURİYE’NİN DEVLET KAPASİTESİ SORUNU VE BÖLGESEL STATUS QUO BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN POLİTİKASI
Authors: AKBAL Ozdemir
Published: June 2021

Bir devletin uluslararası politika alanında eyleyebilmesi kapasitesi ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu açıdan devletin kapasitesi aynı zamanda staus qounun değerlendirilebilmesi için de önemli bir inceleme alanı sunmaktadır. Kapasite sorunu olan devletlerin iç politikalarında ortaya çıkan sorunlar zaman içinde dış politika sorunu haline gelmektedir. Bu perspektiften 2011 yılından beri devam edegelen Suriye sorununun bir devlet kapasitesi problemi olduğu açıktır. Suriye'nin bağımsızlığından itibaren ortaya çıkan sorunlu iç politikası bu durumun gerçekleşmesine yol açmış ve sonuçta başta Türkiye olmak üzere çevresini etkileyen bir problem alanı haline dönüşmüştür.
“What is my purpose?” Artificial Sentience Having an Existential Crisis in Rick and Morty
Authors: Maxwell Alexander
Published: June 2021

The American television show Rick and Morty, an animated science fiction sitcom, critiques speciesism in the context of bleak existentialist philosophy. Though the show focuses primarily on human characters, it also depicts various forms of artificial sentience, such as robots or clones, undergoing existential crises. It explicitly effaces any distinction between human sentience and artificial sentience, forcefully treating all sentient life with an equivalent respect (or disrespect). The show also problematizes human speciesism in relationship to terrestrial and extra-terrestrial life.
Intestinal parasitic infection among mentally handicapped students in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Khedri Maryam , Piri Mina , Matini Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common public health problems in populations with poor hygiene. Consequently, mental retardation increases the risk of infection. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among mentally disabled young people in Hamadan, western Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 318 students in 9 special schools in 2017. Triplicate faecal specimens for each student were subjected to stool analysis using direct wet mount, sedimentation concentration, and permanent staining technique. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 318 students, 135 (42.5%, 95% CI: 37.1–47.9) were infected with intestinal parasites. Prevalence rates for females and males were 45.2% (61/135) and 40.4% (74/183) respectively. Protozoan infections (42.5%, 135) were more numerous than helminthiasis (0.6%, 2). Blastocystis hominis (28%, 89) was the most common parasite, followed by Giardia lamblia (9.7%, 31), Entamoeba coli (9.1%, 29) and Trichomonas hominis (6%, 19). Conclusions: The high prevalence rate of intestinal protozoan infection reflects poor personal hygiene among the students and inappropriate environmental conditions. Therefore, specific public health measures are required for the mentally handicapped students in special schools.