bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Herbal Antiacne Gel Formulation Using Curcumin Phytosomes .
Authors: Ibrahim Angum MM , AbdelRahim Siham K , Alturaifi Huriyyah A , Elalawy Intisar AM
Published: October 2024

Acne vulgaris is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit that manifests as various skin lesions, including papules, comedones, cysts, pustules, and abscesses. Curcumin, extracted from Curcuma longa rhizomes (Family: Zingiberaceae), is identified for its potent antioxidant, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to develop an herbal antiacne gel formulation incorporating bioactive curcumin in phytosomes. The formulated gel was evaluated for several physicochemical properties, including pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, etc. Additionally, the optimized gel formulation was tested for its in-vitro antiacne action against Propionibacterium acnes. Results showed that developed antiacne gel containing curcumin phytosomes was comparable to a commercially available antiacne product. Stability studies demonstrated that the formulated product remained stable for three months under accelerated stability conditions as per ICH guidelines.
Optimizing Orphan Drug Rucaparib Transdermal Patches for Ovarian Cancer: A Design Expert-Based Strategy for Prolonged Drug Release.
Authors: Mehta Hina Deepak , Kasimedu Saravanakumar . , KC Bharath Raj , Kiran4 Vema .
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to develop and characterize transdermal patches for rucaparib using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), evaluating drug permeation at 8, 12, and 24 hours, with optimization through Design Expert software. The patches were formulated with HPMC K15, ethyl cellulose, and PVP K30. The physicochemical properties and drug infusion were tested and characterized. The transdermal patches developed in this study were found to be soft and flexible, indicating good handling properties and potential for comfortable application. The patches demonstrated sustained drug release, extending beyond 24 hours, which is crucial for preserving consistent beneficial levels of rucaparib in the systemic circulation. The optimal formulation, as identified through the BBD using Design Expert software, included HPMC K15 (100 mg), ethyl cellulose (200 mg), and PVP K30 (40 mg). This combination effectively facilitated prolonged drug penetration while keeping the flexibility and integrity of the patches. The study concludes that the formulated transdermal patches using HPMC K15, ethyl cellulose, and PVP K30 offer an effective means for prolonged delivery of DPZ and MMZ. The optimized patches support sustained discharge for a prolonged time, which can improve patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes in treating ovarian cancer. The use of a systematic design approach, such as the BBD, proved beneficial in optimizing the formulation parameters, ensuring the development of high-quality transdermal patches with desirable properties for clinical application.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological, DNA Binding, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies of a New Benzyl (Z)-N’-((E)- 3-Ethoxy-2-Hydroxybenzylidene) Carbamohydrazonothioate and Its Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) Metal Complexes Derived From S-Benzyl Thiosemicabazide-Salicylaldehyde.
Authors: Sridhar M . , Ramesh P . , Reddy K Laxma , Durga S , Reddy P Muralidhar , Raju A Krishnam
Published: October 2024

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of metal complexes derived from benzyl carbamohydrazonothioate. The ligand was synthesized through a condensation reaction and subsequently complexed with various metal ions, including Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II). The resulting metal complexes were characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR spectroscopy, confirming the successful coordination of the metal ions with the ligand. The structural elucidation was further supported by elemental analysis and molar conductance measurements. The biological activities of the synthesized complexes were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited enhanced biological activities compared to the free ligand, suggesting their potential as effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. This study highlights the significance of metal complexation in enhancing the biological efficacy of organic ligands.
Nanoemulsion of Ethanolic Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema Canescens Jack) for Anti-Acne Therapy.
Authors: Budiartina Witha , Sari Winda Putria , Nasution Ali Napiah , Girsang Ermi .
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the phytochemical profile, total flavonoid content, antibacterial properties, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity effect of nanoemulsion ethanolic extract of Sungkai leaves. The ethanolic extract was formulated into three concentrations: 50, 100, and 150 ppm. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The total flavonoid content was 90.542, 91.993, and 91.744% for the respective concentrations. Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes showed inhibition zones of 17.6, 21.2, and 24.1 mm, indicating strong to very strong activity. Antioxidant activities, evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, showed IC50 values categorized as very strong. The cytotoxicity test exhibited moderate activity. These findings suggest that Sungkai leaf ethanol extract nanoemulsion has rich bioactive compounds with significant antibacterial and antioxidant properties, along with moderate cytotoxic activity, highlighting its potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Design, Development and Characterization of Nisoldipine Solid Lipid
Nanoparticles: Statistical and Characterization Perspectives.
Authors: Chauhan Neeraj Kumar , Malik Anuj
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with Nisoldipine (NIS), aiming to enhance the drug’s bioavailability and provide a sustained release profile. SLNs were prepared using a solvent evaporation method and evaluated for several critical parameters. The superfluity test assessed the homogeneity of the SLN suspension, while particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, shapes, and surface morphology were analyzed using SEM/DLS/ TEM. Researchers studied the process of how drugs are released and performed in-vitro drug release tests to establish the substance’s release profile. HPLC and FT-IR were used to verify the drug’s chemical stability and encapsulation effectiveness. Stability studies assessed the formulation’s stability over time throughout different storage settings. The SLNs exhibited a high degree of homogeneity in the superfluity test, with no phase separation. The drug entrapment effectiveness was over 80%, and the typical particle size was 150-250 nm. Microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the SLNs had a flat, spherical top. NIS exhibited a regulated sequence of kinematics and prolonged release during dissolution investigations. FTIR and HPLC confirmed the stability and integrity of the drug within the SLNs. Stability studies indicated that the formulation remained stable over time. NIS-loaded SLNs show significant potential as an effective drug delivery system, offering enhanced bioavailability, sustained release, and excellent stability.
Experimental Antioxidant Activities of Synthetic 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Magtoof Mahmood S. , Ali Noor R
Published: October 2024

The synthesized of five new pyrimidine derivatives was prepared from the condensation in one pot reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, substituted aromatic aldehydes, urea, and FeCL3.6H2O, with 5 to 10 drops of hydrochloride acid as catalyst in reflexing ethanol. The yield of the product was found to be in the range of 55 to 90%. The antioxidant efficiency of synthesized compounds was estimated by using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, hydroxyl method, nitric oxide method, and superoxide radical scavenging assay method. The compounds 6a, 6e, and 6c demonstrated considerable radical scavenging activity, resulting in the presence of electron-donating substituent on replaced aldehydes. The confirmation compounds by spectral data by proton and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectra, and MS spectra.
Design, Formulation, and Optimization of Nicardipine-Loaded Gastroretentive Floating Microspheres: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo Characterization.
Authors: Vijayalaxmi Sepuri , Sailaja Abbaraju Krishna
Published: October 2024

Nicardipine hydrochloride is highly soluble at low pH values. The objective of this investigation was to design, manufacture, and refine the drug’s floating microspheres to increase its bioavailability and prolong its period of residence in the gastrointestinal tract. To optimize the Box-Behken and prepare the floating microspheres, solvent evaporation was employed. The formulation F5 was discovered to be the best as anticipated by the design expert software’s point prediction. Evaluations of pre- and postcompressional parameters were conducted. Utilizing several kinetic models, the drug release pathways were examined. The drugs and excipients did not interact, according to the FTIR/DSC investigations. According to the radiological approach, F5 showed good in-vitro buoyancy. The gastroretentive property of microspheres is revealed by X-ray pictures obtained at 2, 8, and 12 hours for the buoyancy investigation. F5 (235.04%) demonstrated a high relative bioavailability over oral tablets, according to the in-vivo pharmacokinetic investigation. In comparison to the marketed formulation group, the F5-treated group experienced a considerably larger percent decline in BP values (20.00 ± 6.00 and 13.00 ± 4.00%, respectively) at 36 and 48 hours of the in-vivo pharmacodynamic testing. For 90 days, the F5 formulation was maintained at 5 ± 2 and 25 ± 2°C, indicating the stability of nicardipine microspheres.
An Approach to Development and In-vivo Evaluation of Beta Sitosterol Phytosomes by Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design.
Authors: Kamireddy Srikala . , Sangeetha S . , Roy Harekrishna
Published: October 2024

The research mainly focused on developing and optimizing beta-sitosterol phytosomes through a systematic Taguchi orthogonal array design and assessment of their performance in both beta-sitosterol phytosomes. The fabrication of phytosomes containing β-sitosterol was carried out using the rotary evaporation technique. An orthogonal array design was employed in the study to precisely optimize the phytosomes. In this two responses and three independent variables were analyzed. The data was analyzed by using statistical modeling. Characterization of these phytosomes involves Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry compatibility study, zeta potential and particle size. Based on the findings, an optimized phytsome formulation was developed to achieve the best results. The results indicated that beta-sitosterol phytosomes responses are significant. It effectively reduced body weight as well as levels of total cholesterol (126.120 ± 0.98 mg/dl), triglycerides (104.23 ± 2.8 mg/dl), HDL (39.31 ± 0.45 mg/dl), VLDL (21.67 ± 0.34 mg/dl), and LDL (76.43 ± 0.34 mg/dl) in rats compared to the other groups. The orthogonal array design study observed that the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of β-sitosterol was nearly as potent as that achieved with standard drug therapy.
Microneedle Transdermal Patches- A Novel Painless Approach with Improved Bioavailability for the Treatment of Diseases with Special Prevalence to Neonatal Infection.
Authors: Pundir Gaurav . , Morris Srishti . , Jakhmola Vikash . , Parashar Tarun Parashar .
Published: October 2024

Microneedle transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) present a compelling substitute for parenteral and oral administration methods in the treatment of several illnesses. The past several decades have seen a revolution in technology that has changed the production of micro-structured devices, including the development of microneedles for transdermal patches. These devices are used to deliver drugs, proteins, insulin, antibiotics, vaccinations, and other therapies through the skin. They are proven to be beneficial for the prevention of newborn infections. Successful treatments for conditions like cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and migraines can be achieved with the use of transdermal microneedle patches. Microneedles have the potential to offer prolonged immunity, dosage sparing, and improved protection against viral challenges. The epidermis and dermis are immunologically rich layers, and because of the needles’ micron-size structure, these devices have shown to be significantly more effective at targeting these layers, indicating their potential utility in the creation of next-generation vaccines. Within the framework of developing vaccines. Microneedle transdermal patches’ main benefits are that they are easy to use, painless, and non-invasive. Here, we discuss the types of microneedle transdermal patches and how microneedle transdermal patches are now being used to treat infections in newborns and vaccination and as a more cost-effective self-administration approach. This also enhances the bioavailability when used in vaccination therapy. Next, we’ll go over how microneedle transdermal patches are currently used to treat a variety of illnesses effectively, including those that affect newborns.
A Bird Eye View on In-situ Ophthalmic Gel: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Waghmode Raghwendra R , Mali Dipak P Mali P , Salve Pratibha , Dhadde Shivsharan B
Published: October 2024

Ophthalmic in-situ gel is an advanced formulation that converts from liquid to gel upon contact with the eye, providing SR of a drug. Precise examination is crucial because of the delicate nature of ocular drug administration. Traditional methods are inefficient, leading to the rapid elimination of drugs. This article explores polymers utilized in ophthalmic delivery of drugs, detailing their applications in addition to limitations. In-situ gelling mechanisms convert liquid preparations toward gels beneath specific conditions, enhancing the delivery of the drug upon contact with the eye. Various mechanisms like temperature, pH, and ion-induced gelation are employed based on drug characteristics and desired properties. Understanding these mechanisms allows for the design of ophthalmic gels that progress drug bioavailability and patient compliance. These polymers also aid in prodrug investigation as well as enhancing ophthalmic penetration. Overall, in-situ ocular gels offer a hopeful approach to incapacitating challenges in the ophthalmic delivery of drugs, providing efficient and versatile drug administration with prolonged retention and enhanced bioavailability.
Role of Lichen Extracts as a Potential Source of Natural Fungicides
Authors: S Rashmi . , G Rajkumar H
Published: October 2024

Plant pathogens and the diseases they cause are major to humanity. Each year, we lose more than thirty percent of crops worldwide to bacterial and fungal diseases. Lichen is a composite organism made up of two unrelated species: algae and fungi. These two components live together and behave as a single organism. When two organisms live together in this way, they provide mutual benefits to one another. They are referred to as symbionts. Lichens produce many rare secondary products not found in other plants. The uniqueness of many aromatic products sparked early chemical interest in lichen compounds. Lichens are an underutilized source of industrially important as it proven many biological activities, and yet there is much more to study about their efficacy. Lichen bioactive metabolites showed promising use in biopharmaceutical applications and for the preparation of new formulations or innovations to support human life. This review aims to summarize the research and development trends from the past and present in the bioactive fungicides against plant pathogens.
An Overview of the Components, Techniques, and Innovation Used for Fast-Dissolving Films.
Authors: Dingalwar Achal . , Pethe Anil . , Kopare Tanmay . , Telrandhe Umesh .
Published: October 2024

Fast-dissolving films (FDFs) stand as a cornerstone in modern pharmaceutical innovation, heralded for their unrivaled convenience, patient adherence, and the swift onset of action. Within the realm of this paper lies a meticulous exploration of FDFs, delving deep into their intricate formulation intricacies, manufacturing methodologies, and diverse therapeutic applications. The formulation journey traverses the meticulous selection of film-forming polymers, plasticizers, taste-masking agents, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), each element meticulously calibrated to achieve optimal efficacy. Diverse production techniques, spanning solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, and spray drying, are scrutinized with precision, shedding light on their inherent advantages and nuanced limitations. Beyond the realm of formulation and manufacturing, this review embarks on an expansive voyage into the vast therapeutic landscape that FDFs traverse. From the treatment areas of central nervous system disorders to the realms of cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and pain management, the versatility and adaptability of FDFs emerge as a beacon of hope for patients and practitioners alike. Yet, amidst the brilliance of FDFs, inherent challenges linger, from stability concerns to the intricate dance of bioavailability and the ever-watchful eye of regulatory scrutiny. However, within these challenges lies the fertile ground for future research and development endeavors, beckoning forth a new era of innovation and advancement in the realm of rapidly dissolving films. This study stands as an indispensable compass, guiding researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, and practitioners toward the forefront of FDF development and implementation.
Quantum Dots: An Emerging Approach for Lung Cancer Management
Authors: . Bhawna . , Kumari Chhoti . , Ale Yogita . , Kukreti2 Neha .
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology is an empirical approach that promises hope and novel treatment possibilities for cancer. This state-of-the-art technology offers innovative methods for diagnosing and treating a variety of illnesses. Though there have been some positive advances since the discovery of quantum dots (QD) nano-transporters, these advances are still in their development, even though they have been shown to be beneficial to society. QD has shown to be incredibly suitable for bio-imaging, targeted gene delivery, pharmacological research, biosensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis through its usage in natural imaging and photography. The overview’s main goal was to emphasize how important QD is for both cancer detection and therapy. The goal is to provide readers with a basic understanding of QD, including its benefits and applications in lung cancer management. Furthermore, we have discussed the many studies pertaining to cytotoxic analysis in order to demonstrate the safety of QDs. The current study provides a concise summary of the current research, fabrication methods, and applications of QD in lung cancer treatment.
A Review on Proniosomes as a Novel Drug Delivery System.
Authors: Pakalapati Prasanthi . , Varma Manthina Mohan
Published: October 2024

Proniosomes are desiccated versions of surfactant-coated, water-soluble carrier particles. Before usage, on agitation in heated aqueous solution, they are rehydrated in a matter of minutes to create niosomal dispersion. In storage and transit, proniosomes maintain their physical stability. The drug contained within the proniosomes’ vesicular structure increases the drug’s potency, improves its absorption into the target tissue, and lowers its toxicity. Niosomes are technically more promising than liposomes as drug carriers since they are more chemically stable and don’t have many of the glitches of liposomes, like high cost and problems with phospholipid purity. Focusing on proniosome preparation, characterization, and application in targeted drug delivery, this study highlights their general approaches.
Cancer and its Prevalent Treatment Strategies - A Review
Authors: Niwal Gauri S , Ingle Rahul G
Published: October 2024

One of the main forms of cancer treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy failure is a common occurrence, primarily because of dose-limiting toxicity linked to medication resistance. Effective treatment resistance management is essential for chemotherapy to be successful. Numerous reports in Chinese literature suggest that organic materials can overcome medication resistance in cancer cells, and these findings should be shared with scientific and industrial groups. The reports were condensed into four categories by us: 1. research on cell line models in-vitro; 2. serum pharmacokinetics; 3. in-vivo research employing animal models; and 4. clinical research. For the first time, antidrug resistance activity was found in 14 single compounds. Drugs have been proven to overcome drug resistance in-vitro in a dose-dependent manner by blocking drug transporters, cell detoxification ability, or cell apoptosis sensitivity, even at nontoxic and subtoxic concentrations. Research conducted in-vivo revealed that herbal extracts, single components, and formulations all exhibited strong antidrug resistance properties. A significant number of individual chemicals, herbal extracts, and combinations have been applied in clinical settings to treat a range of illnesses, including cancer. Comprehensive information on the utilization of natural compounds in China to combat drug resistance in cancer cells is provided by this review, which could help in the creation of organic substances for the therapeutic treatment of drug resistance in cancer patients.
Moringa oleifera: The Science Behind its Extraordinary Health Benefits
Authors: Godde Kuntal , Mude Gaurav , Tenpe Shreya , Barole Nisha
Published: October 2024

Moringa oleifera Lam., which is commonly known as the “drumstick tree,” is a beautiful plant that has been used for many years in traditional ways and is now being studied by scientists. This thorough review covers a lot of different areas of M. oleifera, from its botanical features to the many ways it is used in medicine, nutrition, and protecting the environment. In the introduction, it is explained that M. oleifera is found all over the world and does well in tropical and subtropical areas in places like Asia, Africa, and the Americas. There are many names for M. oleifera, including the drumstick tree, the ginger tree, and the ben oil tree. It is known for being useful and adaptable. This review goes into more detail about M. oleifera's health benefits and nutritional value, focusing on how full it is of natural antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. People all over the world have used M. oleifera for hundreds of years as a food source and herbal medicine because its leaves, seeds, flowers, and pods are full of important nutrients. This review looks at how M. oleifera can be used as a medicine, focusing on its antibacterial properties and ability to reduce pain and inflammation. Modern research backs up its traditional uses and suggests that it could be useful in treating diabetes, high blood pressure, and skin problems. Besides being good for people's health, M. oleifera is also a great plant for protecting the environment. Because it grows quickly, doesn't die from drought, and improves the soil, it is very useful in agroforestry and land restoration. It can also do well in a variety of climates, which shows how useful it could be for reducing climate change and promoting biodiversity. The review ends by talking about the bigger effects that growing M. oleifera has on society, like how it helps with food security, economic empowerment, and protecting the environment.
Enhancing Cardiovascular Health with the Implementation of Digitalis
Authors: Barole Nisha D , Mude Gaurav S , Godde Kuntal P , Tenpe Shreya V
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health problem that cause a lot of illness, death, and high healthcare costs. As medical science advances, the number of people with CVDs continues to rise, necessitating the development of new methods for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In recent years, using digital health technologies in cardiovascular care has become an excellent way to improve patient outcomes and make disease management better. It is possible for digitalis medicines, which come from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea), to improve heart health in the digital age. In the field of cardiovascular medicine, this in-depth review looks at digitalis's historical importance, pharmacology, clinical uses, safety concerns, and digital transformation. The review starts with an overview of the epidemiological setting and the problems that CVDs cause, emphasizing the urgent need for creative solutions to deal with this worldwide health event. This article deals with how it has changed over time, from herbal remedies to modern drug therapy. It informs about the pharmacology of digitalis, mostly the way it works, its pharmacokinetics, and its pharmacodynamics. Pharmaceuticals that contain digitalis mainly work by stopping the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. The medication can help with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and some types of arrhythmias. Digitalis's digital transformation is looked at with a focus on the way digital health technologies are used in its management, monitoring, and effectiveness. The review highlights that digitalis-based interventions could change the way cardiovascular medicine is done in the modern era.
Immunostimulant In Fish Hatchery- A Tool In Pharmacological Research
Authors: P Shanmugasundaram , S Parthiban , C Ronald Darwin , Balaji P
Published: October 2024

Fish is an aquatic animal that is used as food and presently they are used in scientific research. They provide a simple system for biomedical research and hence there is an increase in demand for fish production due to its dynamic purposes. The fish are less sentient and they have a high potency with the homology of mammals hence they are used as a model in pharmacological research. The various fish that are used are zebra fish, rainbow trout fish, medaka fish, etc. Various husbandry techniques were introduced to increase the production of fish. Their intensification led to poor-quality of fish production. Immunostimulants are drugs that enhance the innate immunity of fish and increase their resistance to the disease. They are biological and synthetic compounds that increase phagocytic, lysosomal, and bactericidal activity by directly activating the immune cells and NK cells and helping in the control of disease. They are used in the pharmacological research of toxicology, genetics, cancer research, biomedicine, neurobiology, endocrinology, ecology, and gerontology, and also in the development of biology and act as a model to provide elemental knowledge on biological science.
Enhancing Shelf-life and Quality of Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) Using UV-C Radiation and Natural Preservatives
Authors: N Udayakumar , Reddy.P Jaya Chandra , K Lakshmi Bhargavi , L Sandhya
Published: October 2024

AbThe influence of UV-C radiation and garlic extract on the shelf life and storage of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum L.
cv. Arka Rakshak) was investigated in this study. Fresh tomatoes were subjected to four treatments: control (untreated),
UV-C (1.2 kJ/m²), garlic (10% w/v aqueous extract), and UV-C (1.2 kJ/m²) + garlic (10% w/v aqueous extract). The treated
tomatoes were preserved at 4°C for 14 days, and their physical, chemical, and microbial properties were analyzed at 0, 3,
7, and 14 days. The combination of UV-C and garlic treatments lowered the loss of firmness, maintained color, and
minimized weight loss. The UV-C treatment enhanced the initial lycopene and total phenolic content, while the combination
treatment showed the best retention of these bioactive compounds during storage. The garlic treatment contributed to the
antimicrobial activity, and the combination treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total plate count and yeast and
mold count compared to the control. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in the samples throughout the storage period.
The results demonstrate the potential of UV-C radiation and garlic extract as natural preservatives for improving the shelf
life. The combination treatment can be an effective approach to reduce post-harvest losses and ensure the safety and
nutritional value of the produce.stract
Preparation, Evaluation and Optimization of Polymeric Nanoparticles of Eluxadoline for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: M Dhere , D Jain
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Eluxadoline, exhibits potential as an irritable bowel syndrome treatment and management strategy. Eluxadoline, a muopioid
receptor agonist and delta-opioid receptor antagonist, has shown efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. However, its
applications have been limited due to low water solubility, which causes a low dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. In
this study, we aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of eluxadoline by formulating polymeric nanoparticles of
eluxadoline. Polymeric nanoparticles of chitosan loaded with eluxadoline were prepared using the ionic gelation method.
The formulation parameters including concentration of chitosan, concentration of tripolyphosphate and volume of
tripolyphosphate were systematically optimized using a Box-Behnken design to achieve nanoparticles (CNP1-CNP17)
with optimal physicochemical properties. The optimized formulation based on particle size of (300.4 nm) with a low PDI
value (0.305), zeta potential (41.2mV) and % entrapment efficacy (76.89%). The efficiency of the drug release from
optimised formulation was studied in vitro by using a dialysis bag diffusion technique in buffer condition pH 6.8 intestinal
condition and showed a sustained release behaviour with maximum drug release 80.23%. Thus, the findings demonstrated
that the formulated chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticles present a promising strategy for efficiently delivering
eluxadoline via oral administration, offering a potential solution for treating irritable bowel syndrome.
Wound Restoration Efficacy of the Extracts of Lagenaria siceraria and Raphanus sativus.
Authors: P Muley . , K Daniel .
Published: October 2024

The process of healing a wound is intricate and dynamic, including several phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Natural extracts have gained attention in the management of healed wounds because of their bioactive compounds. These extraction derivatives from honey, turmeric, etcetera possess various properties like inflammationreducing, antimicrobial and antioxidant potencies, which expedite the curing of wounds. The topical application of these natural remedies can enhance skin regeneration, reduce infection, and minimize scarring. Incorporating natural extracts into the treatment of wounds facilitates faster, safer alternatives to synthetic medications. This investigation reported the comparative ability of the extracts of Lagenaria siceraria leaves and Raphanus sativus seeds in the restoration of wounds.
Exploring Antimicrobial Phytocompounds in Tanacetum dolicophyllum: A GC-MS Profiling Approach.
Authors: Sharma Gunjan . , Jajere Musa Adamu , Khan Mohammad Asim , Moin Sarmad .
Published: October 2024

Tanacetum dolicophyllum, known locally as tansies, exhibitng a plethora of challenging and noteworthy pharmacological properties. Aerial parts of T. dolicophyllum were utilized for extract preparation, and then their in-vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed against various organisms employing both the well diffusion method and MIC assay. The ethyl acetate extract of T. dolicophyllum was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation to determine phytocomponents and investigate their antimicrobial activity. The result demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract exhibited good antimicrobial activity. The extract showed the highest efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Analysis revealed the presence of 37 components in the T. dolicophyllum extract, as determined by GC-MS investigation. The most abundant compounds include pentacosane, constituting 17.31 of the peak area% with a retention time (RT) of 24.603, and molecular formula C25H52; 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3-[(7-methoxy1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]-4-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]- accounting for 6.43 peak area% with a RT of 31.829 and, molecular formula C23H26O8; 4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)dihydro-3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]- representing 5.76 peak area%, RT 28.409 and, molecular formula C22H24O7; Yangambin present at 5.44% of peak area, with an RT of 29.513 and, molecular formula C24H30O8; Chrysantenyl 2-methuylbutanoate constituting 4.60 of peak area%, RT 18.825, and molecular formula C15H24O2; Phytyl tetradecanoate with 3.22 area%, RT 31.284, and formula C34H66O2; and Tricosane accounting for 1.44 peak area%, with a RT of 18.228, and molecular formula C23H48. These compounds exhibit various medical potentials, suggesting the ethyl acetate extract of T. dolicophyllum may have diverse pharmacological applications.
In-silico ADME Evaluation and Molecular Docking of a Novel Compound’ 2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-Yl)-1-(1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1h-Tetrazol-5-Yl) Ethanone’ as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Zaidi Zoya . , Khan Mohammad Asim , Sundararajan G. . , Sharma Gunjan .
Published: October 2024

Molecular docking serves as a pivotal tool in comprehending drug-receptor interactions within modern-day drug design. In a previous report, new compounds 2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-(1-aryl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) etalons were analyzed. Among these compounds, ‘2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-(1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethanone’ was singled for molecular docking as it shows dual antibacterial and antifungal studies. Docking investigations revealed promising binding affinity of the compound towards Escherichia coli (1KZN), exhibiting significant antibacterial activity of docking grade -5.53 Kcal/mol, indicative of a fortified binding interaction. Conversely, the compound exhibited weaker binding affinity towards Candida albicans (1AI9) with a docking grade of -0.72 Kcal/mol. Negative binding energy signifies a robust alignment between the ligand and target protein, suggesting potential therapeutic efficacy against microbial activity. Moreover, in-silico ADMET calculations were conducted, and the synthesized compound confirms the drug-likeness within the defined parameters: molecular weight between 150 to 500 g/mol, TPSA polarity between 20 to 130 Å2 , lipophilicity ranging between -0.7 to +5.0 Log S not exceeding 6, flexibility not exceeding 9, and saturation not inferior to 0.25. The compound demonstrated compliance with these criteria, suggesting favorable in-vivo drug absorption and permeation characteristics.
Phytochemical Investigations and In-vitro Antioxidant Analysis of Passiflora incarnata L.
Authors: Demla Manita . , Sharma Amit .
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to investigate the presence of the phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant study of hydroalcoholic (HA) and ethyl acetate (EA) preparations of Passiflora incarnata L. leaves. The hydroalcoholic (HA) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts showed strong antioxidant activity when examined in a laboratory setting using DPPH, H2O2, NO, reducing power, total phenol, and TOC assays. Also compounds like saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics were all identified through phytochemical testing. In addition to expanding our understanding of the pharmacological characteristics of P. incarnata L., the results of this study have the potential to change the way medicinal botanicals are viewed forever. Nature’s treasure trove, concealed within the leaves of P. incarnata L., offers a pharmacological narrative that transcends traditional boundaries, suggesting new dimensions for antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies for the development of novel botanical interventions in preventive healthcare and disease management.
Antifungal Drug Resistance in Candida albicans: Identifying Novel Targets for the Development of Effective Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Waykar Ravindra . , Kumarapillai Srinivasakumar .
Published: October 2024

Candidiasis, a fungal infection initiated primarily through Candida albicans, affects various portions of the human body and is particularly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenicity of C. albicans is facilitated by numerous virulence causes, including adhesins, morphogenesis, and phenotypic switching. The organism’s capability in the direction of switching between yeast and hyphal forms contributes to the severity of infections. The appearance of resistant strains has rendered current treatments less effective, necessitating the exploration of new drug targets and the progress of novel antifungal agents. Antifungal drug resistance is a multifaceted phenomenon involving genetic mutations, overexpression of efflux pumps, epigenetic changes, and biofilm formation, all regulated by complex genetic and transcriptional networks. These resistance mechanisms can cause treatment failures, highlighting the need for new antifungal agents and improved diagnostic tools. The identification of potential drug targets in C. albicans is critical due to increasing resistance to existing antifungal agents. Recent studies have identified promising targets, for example the riboflavin metabolic pathway and unique protein kinases involved in regulating virulence and pathogenicity. Developing new antifungals is difficult due to C. albicans’ eukaryotic nature and resistance. Ongoing research is essential to find novel targets and strategies, especially with the limited antifungal drug classes available.
Comparative Effect of Oyster and Button Mushroom Loaded Phytosomes with Glibenclamide on Renal Function in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.
Authors: Monika Chauhan . , Subodh Dubey K
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is a chronic, life-threatening condition that can affect a vast variety of organ systems, including the kidney. The present study is based on the effect of phytosome-based mushroom extract of oyster and button mushroom on renal functioning factors such urea, uric acid, and creatine as well as the glucose level in streptozocin (STZ) -induced rats with diabetes. The results indicated the blood sugar level was found to decrease significantly in the groups treated with a combination of lactobacillus with phytosomes of oyster mushroom and button mushroom in contrast to a control group of diabetics (p
Experimental Design for Optimization of Felbamate Nanosuspension Using Box-Behnken Design.
Authors: Maurya Poonam . , Gupta Rishikesh . , Bhardwaj Peeyush . , Tripathi Purnima . , Mahor Alok  . , Prasad Raj Keshwar
Published: October 2024

Felbamate, a valuable antiepileptic drug, suffers from low water solubility and potential side effects, limiting its therapeutic application. This study addresses this challenge by developing a felbamate nanosuspension for nose-to-brain delivery using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. The research focused on identifying the optimal combination of key formulation variables, chitosan concentration, chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate ratio, and Tween 80 surfactant concentration to achieve a nanosuspension with desirable particle size, polydispersity index, and high entrapment efficiency (%EE), all critical parameters for efficient drug delivery via the nasal route. The study identified an optimized formulation consisting of 0.176% chitosan, a 3.3:1 chitosan/TPP ratio, and 1.55% Tween 80 through rigorous experimentation and response surface methodology analysis. The optimized formulation yielded a nanosuspension of 115.0 ± 4.37 nm mean particle size, 0.118 ± 0.021 polydispersity index, and +34.08 ± 2.4 mV zeta potential, indicating a stable system with a narrow size distribution suitable for enhanced drug delivery. The entrapment efficiency of 93.18 ± 1.69% confirmed effective encapsulation, while in-vitro dissolution studies demonstrated a significantly higher dissolution rate compared to pure felbamate, suggesting improved bioavailability. The results emphasize the capacity of this optimized nanosuspension to improve the therapeutic efficacy of felbamate and hence justify additional preclinical and clinical research.
Phytochemical Extraction, Analysis, and Characterization of Madhuca longifolia Leaf Compounds.
Authors: Chanchal Dilip Kumar , Sharma Satish Kumar
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to perform the extraction, phytochemical analysis, and compound characterization of Madhuca longifolia leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: Sequential extraction of M. longifolia leaves was performed using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The yield of the extracts was measured and reported as 1.3 ± 0.10% for petroleum ether, 3.85 ± 0.15% for chloroform, 20.25 ± 1.22% for methanol, 30.1 ± 1.38% for ethanol, and 26.7 ± 0.21% for water. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was conducted to determine the presence of various compounds, including alkaloids, glucose-alkaloids, steroids, tannins, phenols, proteins, and flavonoids. The absence of ethyl and methyl alkalis in petroleum ether and chloroform extracts was noted. Additionally, the presence of saponins and alkaloids was observed only in methanol extracts, with cresol absent from these extracts. The isolated compounds were further characterized using thin layer chromatography (TLC), highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results: The Rf value of the isolated compound was 0.49 using TLC. HPLC analysis identified major constituents with retention times of 4.576 and 10.461 minutes. These findings highlight the diverse phytochemical composition of M. longifolia leaf extracts and provide a detailed analysis of the active compounds present. Conclusion: This comprehensive study of M. longifolia leaf extracts offers valuable insights into the plant’s medicinal potential. The identified active compounds could serve as a reference for future medicinal use and research.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Niraparib Analysis: A Comprehensive Approach.
Authors: Dhanuka Tejas . , Karodi Revan , Nere Vrushali . , Kambhale Shrutika . , Rohit Chaitali . , Chaudhari Sakshi Chaudhari .
Published: October 2024

Background: Niraparib is a significant PARP inhibitor utilized in cancer therapy. This study aims to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of Niraparib in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Results: A Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C8 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ) was employed with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (60:40, % v/v). The analysis was performed at an oven temperature of 30℃ with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and detection was achieved at 240 nm. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.9998) across concentrations from 40 to 60 μg/mL. Validation studies confirmed high accuracy, with a mean recovery of 99.96%. Conclusion: The validated HPLC method is robust and reliable for quantifying Niraparib in various formulations, aiding in the stability assessment and ensuring the efficacy and safety of cancer treatment protocols. This method facilitates informed decisions in pharmaceutical development.
Quantification of Bictegravir and its impurities: A novel RP-UPLC
Approach for Development and Validation.
Authors: Pallavi Siriki . , Sowjanya Gummadi .
Published: October 2024

A new ultra-pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for accurately and reliably quantifying impurities in Bictegravir. The method utilized Waters Acquity HSSC18 column (50mm x 2.1mm, 1.8 µ) at room temperature. The mobile phase consists of Acetonitrile and Buffer (0.1 percent formic acid) in 80:20 and pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. This optimized method achieves exceptional separation of Bictegravir and its impurities with excellent resolution at 281 nm. The method’s accuracy is demonstrated by a % recovery range for Bictegravir and its impurities between 99.1% and 100.3%. The correlation coefficient (R²) for BIC and its impurities is consistently above 0.999, indicating high linearity. The method’s robustness was confirmed by its stability against variations in flow rate and mobile phase ratio. Additionally, forced degradation studies confirmed the stability of Bictegravir, highlighting the method’s reliability. Overall, developed UPLC method is precise, accurate, robust, and linear, making it suitable for routine analysis of BIC-related substances in quality control laboratories at manufacturing sites during commercial production.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method using LC-MS/MS to quantify Zanamivir in human plasma.
Authors: Jayakumari S. . , Manikanta Yeluguri .
Published: October 2024

This study presents the development and validation of a highly sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of Zanamivir in human plasma. Utilizing a mobile phase of MeOH and Ammonium Formate (30:70 v/v) and a protein precipitation extraction technique, the method achieves excellent specificity and reproducibility. The calibration curve demonstrated linearity from 4-80 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r²) ≥ 0.9994. The method adheres to FDA guidelines, exhibiting high precision and accuracy with intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.81-1.98%. The developed method, requiring a minimal sample volume and a short run time, ensures robustness and stability across various analytical conditions, making it an ideal tool for Zanamivir plasma concentration studies.
Formulation and Development of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Cancer.
Authors: Chaurasia Veerendra . , Arora Namita . , Arora VePankaj .
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to increased prevalence of cancer globally, it has posed a major challenge to healthcare professionals. The main types of cancer that account for high mortality are lung, stomach, liver, colon, and breast cancer. For many decades and even today, the major portion of chemotherapy is based on intravenous administration of drugs, which has its limitations including lack of safety, inconvenience, and poor patient compliance. In present study, formulated a novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer. Pre- formulation is the initial stage in drug development where the physical and chemical properties of a drug candidate are studied. This phase involves characterizing solubility, stability, pH, and compatibility with excipients to guide the formulation of a safe, effective, and stable dosage form. Pre-formulation studies are crucial for optimizing drug delivery, bioavailability, and shelf-life.