bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Ussipbek B. A. , López L. C. , Ablaikhanova N. T. , Murzakhmetova M. K.
Published: April 2020

The process of cell damage resulting from the action of free radicals – reactive oxygen species (ROS) – is called oxidative stress. Most ROS are constantly formed in the cell – about 5 % of the oxygen consumed by tissues is converted into free radicals, but their level is normally so small that the cell inactivates them with the help of an antioxidant system. Different organs and tissues are exposed to different degrees of ROS and demonstrate different stability during the implementation of oxidative stress. The mechanisms of ROS formation by mitochondria under oxidative stress are still unclear.
At the same time, it was found that mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of mitochondrial mutations in tissues make a significant contribution to the aging process, as well as to the pathogenesis of a number of diseases characterized by neurodegeneration. Mutations lead to increased generation of free radicals, reduced ATP levels, and energy failure of cells.
Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Violation of the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 can lead to a number of mitochondrial diseases. When coenzyme Q10 is deficient, sulfide metabolism plays a critical role. Sulfide metabolism in mammalian cells includes trans-sulfuration (biosynthetic) and hydrogen sulfide oxidation (H2S) (catabolic). Violation of H2S oxidation may contribute to oxidative stress in coenzyme Q deficiency or may play a synergistic role with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of tissue specificity in coenzyme Q deficiency.
Workplace Innovation Programmes: bridging research and policymaking
Authors: Pomares Egoitz
Published: April 2020

The article reviews the concept of Workplace Innovation Programmes as public policy tools supported by research. Pursuing a socio-political perspective the text explores programme-level issues. To do this, conceptual definitions are reviewed and the programme´s main features, discussed using an analytical model designed by previous researchers. In this sense, programmes underpinned by research as a tool for public policies are presented as mechanisms to link different levels and actors in matters related to productivity and the quality of working life. The article reviews different approaches and strategies for policymaking, aiming at better understand how programmes operate. For this purpose previous European experiences are used. The rationale of this article must be found in a explorative and learning-oriented context to better design and implement programme-based public policies and the use of action-research for policy learning. This is of particular interest in the local context of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain) where this kind of approach has become of relevance in the policymaking.
IRON DEFICIENCY IN HEART FAILURE
Authors: Badyal Kulbhushan , Panhotra Shivani
Published: April 2020

Background: Data on the burden of Iron deficiency (ID) in Heart failure (HF) patients in India are sparse and there is very little information available about the prevalence of iron deficiency in heart failure with mid-range (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in comparison to heart failure with reduced ejection-fraction (HFrEF).

Aims and Objective: This study was carried out with aim to evaluate iron profile in HF patients and to know the prevalence of ID in HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF in our region.

Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically diagnosed HF were enrolled in the study. This was a single tertiary care centre, prospective, observational study carried out from December 2017 to November 2018. Patients were classified into HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF on echocardiography. Serum ferritin (micrograms per liter), serum iron (micrograms per liter), total iron binding capacity (micrograms per liter), transferrin (milligrams per deciliter), and transferrin saturation were measured to assess iron status. Absolute ID was defined as serum ferritin < 100 mg/L and functional ID was defined as normal serum ferritin (100–300 mg/L) with low TSAT (<20%).

Results: A total of 120 patients of HF (66.7% males and 33.3% females) were studied. Out of 120 patients, 78 (65%) patients of HF had ID. Absolute ID was in 38.3% and functional ID was seen in 26.7% patients. 62.5% of males had ID, whereas, 70% of females had ID in HF. Patients with ID had higher NYHA Class, 35.9% compared to 23.8% patients without ID. ID was high in all subsets of HF. ID was found in 61.11% in HFrEF, 67.44% in HFmrEF and 69.57% in HFpEF. P-0.71. 14.1% patients had ID, but no anemia (p- 0.02). In anemic patients, ID was more (85.2%) than non anemic patients (69%).

Conclusion: In our study, prevalence of ID was higher in patients of HF than that reported from western literature. HFpEF had higher prevalence of ID followed by HFmrEF and HFrEF, respectively. Literature is scanty about HFmrEF, our study has given an insight of ID in this subset of HF. ID can occur even without anemia and females are more prone to have ID in HF. Our study highlights the importance of diagnosis and treatment of ID in all subsets of HF, in order to improve quality of life, morbidity and mortality in patients of HF.

Keywords: Iron deficiency, Heart Failure, Anemia, HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF
ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING NORMAL EYESIGHT-A REVIEW
Authors: Nazrana Naghma , Jain Tejasvi , Verma Sanjay
Published: April 2020

The eye is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress as a result of its high oxygen consumption, high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cumulative exposure to high-energy visible light. This combination of factors leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that can trigger oxidative damage to ocular tissues. There is evidence that the human consumer should avoid excessive supplementation with carotenoids. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids are linked to eye disease (as well as multiple other chronic diseases) in both positive and negative ways. Dietary poly-unsaturated fatty acids fall into two major groups, i.e., omega-6 (mainly linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) and omega-3 fatty acids, mainly alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States, but it is common among the poor in developing countries. It's estimated that approximately 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children worldwide become blind each year due to vitamin A deficiency that could have been prevented with a proper diet. A lack of vitamin A causes the cornea to become very dry, leading to clouding of the front of the eye, corneal ulcers and vision loss. Vitamin A deficiency also causes damage to the retina, which also contributes to blindness.

Keywords: Vitamin A, DHA, Glaucoma, retinopathy
Número de casos confirmados de tuberculose no Brasil entre 2007 e 2016
Authors: Sillva Fábio Tenório , Fecury Amanda Alves , Utzig Ingrid Lara de Araújo , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: April 2020

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ela está entre as doenças que mais matam no mundo. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a Ásia e a África são os continentes que apresentam o maior número de casos confirmados do planeta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar o número de casos confirmados de tuberculose no Brasil entre 2007 e 2016. A pesquisa foi realizada no banco de dados DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br/). Os resultados mostram que o número de casos confirmados da doença se manteve estável por nove anos (2007 a 2015), apresentando uma queda acentuada no último ano pesquisado; a região sudeste possuiu o maior número de casos confirmados, seguido do nordeste do país, sul, norte e centro-oeste, respectivamente; as pessoas na faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos de idade apresentam o maior número de casos; o gênero masculino é aproximadamente duas vezes mais acometido de tuberculose que o feminino; e a tuberculose pulmonar possuiu números muito superiores que a forma extrapulmonar e os casos de pessoas com os dois tipos da doença. A aglomeração de pessoas facilita a propagação da bactéria M. tuberculosis. O número de casos da tuberculose pulmonar foi maior que a quantidade de casos do tipo extrapulmonar porque ela é transmitida pelo ar de forma rápida em ambientes com muitas pessoas. Indivíduos adultos parecem ficar mais suscetíveis à tuberculose, pois não existe campanha de vacinação para esta faixa etária. Entretanto as chances de cura são altas quando se utiliza o tratamento correto. Parece ter ocorrido uma melhoria na organização da saúde do Brasil e um melhor preparo dos profissionais da área da saúde no atendimento da tuberculose.
Temporal changes in the diet of two sympatric carnivorous mammals in a protected area of south–central Chile affected by a mixed–severity forest fire
Authors: Zúñiga A. H. , Rau J. R. , Fuenzalida V. , Fuentes–Ramírez A.
Published: April 2020

Fire is a significant disruptive agent in various ecosystems around the world. It can affect the availability of resources in a given area, modulating the interaction between competing species. We studied the diet of the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) and cougar (Puma concolor) for two consecutive years in a protected area of southern–central Chile which was affected by a wildfire. Significant differences were observed in the dietary pattern between the two species, showing their trophic segregation. In the two years of the study, the predominant prey for cougar was an exotic species, the European hare (Lepus europaeus), implying a simplification of its trophic spectrum with respect to that reported in other latitudes. The ecological consequences related to this scenario are discussed.
Modelling of Hybrid Method for VOC Removal from Process Wastewater: Distillation and Hydrophilic Pervaporation
Authors: Szilágyi Botond , Huyen Trang Do Thi , Fózer Dániel , Selim Asmaa , Haáz Enikő , Tóth András József
Published: April 2020

The study is motivated by the industrial problem from pharmaceutical industry, which is ethanol and methanol removal from process wastewater. To complete this goal hybrid method is investigated and optimized. Two distillation columns are sufficient for separation of alcohol-water mixture. Suitable water can be purified as bottom product of first column. Ethanol and methanol purification is achieved with combination of second distillation column and pervaporation. The target of this research is to rigorously model and optimize the separation of water-ethanol-methanol ternary mixture in professional flowsheet simulator environment. The minimal sufficient membrane transfers area and number of minimal theoretical stages of the columns are determined. Cost estimation is also investigated according to Douglas methodology. Considering the simulation and economic results it can be determined that, the hybrid configuration is suitable for separation of ternary mixture in 99.5 weight percent purity.
La gerencia sostenible como modelo de responsabilidad social
Authors: Rueda Galvis Javier Francisco , Herrera Guzmán Alberto , Rueda Galvis Mónica Andrea
Published: April 2020

La gerencia sostenible es un modelo de gestión capaz de plantear alternativas de solución a muchas de las problemáticas empresariales, bajo un enfoque estructural que entrelaza el crecimiento económico de la organización con el concepto de responsabilidad social. Por esta razón, su implementación se convierte en una estrategia necesaria para contribuir a la sustentabilidad del planeta. En este sentido, el presente documento expone un análisis conceptual y descriptivo de los aspectos más relevantes que involucra la gerencia sostenible como modelo de gestión eficaz, a fin de impulsar desde el ámbito académico la necesidad e importancia de adoptar este tipo de estrategias que mejoran tanto la productividad como la competitividad de la empresa, a la vez que benefician a la sociedad y el medioambiente.
Ideal position and size selection of unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) to upgrade the dynamic stability of systems: An antlion optimiser and invasive weed optimisation Algorithm
Authors: Shanmugam Mythili , Rajesh Paulthurai
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a hybrid methodology to improve the dynamic strength of frameworks by optimally locating and sizing the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The proposed method combines both the antlion optimiser (ALO) and invasive weed optimisation (IWO) techniques. The advantages of the proposed methodology are enhanced searching ability, better identification of optimal solutions and greater reliability. Initially, to locate UPFCs, using the ALO technique, the most extreme power loss bus is recognised as the optimal location. The capacity required to resolve the
situation is determined by the IWO technique based on the minimum power loss, voltage deviation and establishment cost of the UPFCs. The proposed system is actualised and aims at the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) environment, while the
power flow security and voltage stability are evaluated on the basis of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard benchmark system. At this point, voltage stability, power loss, overloading and UPFC costs are analysed through changing the system load and generation. The proposed working method is then assessed and compared with traditional techniques.
Effects of phase-inversion waterborne epoxy resin on properties of cold patch waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt
Authors: Tang Boming , Gu Yu , Ling Jianming , He Lihong , Yang Fan
Published: April 2020

In order to evaluate effects of waterborne epoxy resin prepared by the phase-inversion method (phase-inversion waterborne epoxy resin) on properties of waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt for cold patch engineering of asphalt pavement, a series of methods for evaluating properties of emulsified asphalt and casting resin were used. Results show that, with an increase in waterborne epoxy resin content, penetration, ductility, surface curing time of waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt decrease and its adhesion degree, shear strength and bond strength increase. Moreover, its penetration, ductility and adhesion degree remain unchanged when the content of waterborne epoxy resin exceeds 20%, and its shear strength and bond strength increase most remarkably when the content of waterborne epoxy resin increases from 10% to 20%. The test results are explained by the surface fluorescent micromorphology of cured waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt that, with the increase in waterborne epoxy resin content, epoxy resin particles firstly appear as segregated spots, and then change from spotted status to clustered status, and the epoxy resin phase gradually becomes a continuous phase. In conclusion, phase-inversion waterborne epoxy resin has effects on properties of the cold patch waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt, and recommended content of waterborne epoxy resin is 20%.
Geomorphic diversity and landslide susceptibility in the Balason River Basin, Darjeeling Himalaya
Authors: Mondal Subrata , Mandal Sujit
Published: April 2020

This study attempts to assess the role of basin morphometric parameters in slope instability using a morphometric diversity (MD) model, as well as the role of drainage parameters and relief parameters in slope failure using drainage diversity (DD) and relief diversity (RD) models, respectively. For this, a total of 14 morphometric data layers were
considered. The relationship of each data layer to landslide susceptibility was judged using a frequency ratio (FR) approach. Parameters like drainage density (Dd), drainage frequency (Df), relative relief (Rr), drainage texture (Dt), junction frequency (Jf), infiltration number (In), ruggedness index (Ri), dissection index (Di), elevation (E), slope (S), relief ratio (Rra) and hypsometric integral (Hi) were positively related with landslide potentiality while bifurcation ratio (Rb) and drainage intensity (Din) negatively correlated with S failure. The principal component analysis (PCA)-based weight assigned to each data layer in each model was multiplied with unidirectional reclassified data layers for each model using a weighted linear combination (WLC) approach to prepare landslide susceptibility maps. The receiver operating characteristics curve showed that the landslide prediction accuracy of the DD, RD and MD models were 71.4%, 73.9% and 76.3%, respectively. The FR plots of the aforesaid three models suggested that the chance of landslide increases from very low to very high in susceptible zones.
Flexibility in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba decouples diet and recruitment from overwinter sea-ice conditions in the northern Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Walsh J , Reiss CS , Watters GM
Published: April 2020

Winter sea-ice conditions are considered important for Antarctic krillEuphausia superbasurvival and recruitment, yet few broad-scale longitudinal studies have examined the underlying relationships between winter conditions and krill recruitment. We used data from a 4 yr winter study of krill condition (lipid content), diet (stable isotopes and fatty acids), and length distributions around the northern Antarctic Peninsula to examine relationships among environmental variables (annual sea-ice cover, water column chlorophylla[chla], and upper mixed-layer water temperature), the condition and diet of krill, and recruitment success the following year. Diet indicators (lipid content, δ15N, δ13C, and the fatty acid ratios 16:1n-7/18:4n-3 and 18:1n-9/18:1n-7) in post-larvae were consistent among years regardless of sea-ice cover, suggesting that post-larval krill do not rely on sea-ice resources for overwinter survival. Diet indicators in larvae were more variable and suggest that larvae may feed on sea-ice resources when they are available but can still persist in the water column when they are not. Principal component analysis between environmental variables and diet indicators showed that water-column chlawas the only variable that significantly affected diet, regardless of annual changes in sea-ice cover. Extensive winter ice in one year did not translate into successful recruitment the following year. Krill demonstrate a high degree of flexibility with respect to overwinter habitat and diet, and the degree to which sea ice is important during different times of year and at different life stages may be more complex than previously thought.
POSTER KIMIA UNSUR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 PEKANBARU
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Niantari Uji , Linda Roza
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the implementation of process and activity learning used chemical poster elements to improve students learning activities in senior high school 1 in Pekanbaru in chemical elements subject. The method used an action research that consists of four stages: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Responden were students of class XII MIA 7 Senior high school 1 in Pekanbaru. The indicators research was the implementation of chemical elements according to the poster as syntax, student activities during the learning process was able to achieve both categories. The research instrument used question for post test and student activity observation sheet. The results showed that the learning activities using chemical poster elements are at a good stage with achievement, in the first cycle was 60.67% and the second cycle was 68.08%.
VALIDITAS BAHAN AJAR KIMIA PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA BERBASIS EXE-LEARNING UNTUK SEKOLAH MENENGAH TINGKAT ATAS/SEDERAJAT
Authors: Herdini Herdini , Erna Maria , Aminullah Restu
Published: April 2020

Bahan ajar kimia berbasis exe-learning pada materi ikatan kimia dirancang sesuai dengan standar kompetensi pada Kurikulum 2013. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implement and Evaluate). Penelitian dilakukan hanya sampai pada tahap Development (Pengembangan), karena tujuan penelitian ini hanya sebatas mengembangkan dan menghasilkan bahan ajar kimia berbasis exe-learning pada materi ikatan kimia yang valid untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian validator.  Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi ahli materi dan lembar validasi ahli media yang meliputi aspek perancangan, aspek pedagogik, aspek isi dan aspek kemudahan penggunaan  yang diberikan kepada 4  orang validator yakni, 1 orang ahli media dan 3 orang ahli materi serta angket tanggapan peserta didik dengan jumlah responden 30 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis statistik deskriptif, yaitu dengan cara menghitung persentase nilai validasi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil validasi yang dilakukan diakhir kegiatan validasi memperoleh persentase rata-rata penilaian sebesar 89,14%  dengan kategori valid dan persentase tanggapan peserta didik sebesar 94,81% dengan kategori baik. Berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan analisis persentase dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar kimia berbasis exe-learning pada materi ikatan kimia yang dikembangkan sudah valid sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia kelas X Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA)/derajat.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CORE (CONNECTING, ORGANIZING, REFLECTING AND EXTENDING) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA POKOK BAHASAN KESETIMBANGAN KELARUTAN (KSP) DI KELAS XI IPA SMAN 4 PEKANBARU
Authors: Nurhafni Nurhafni , Azmi John , Herdini Herdini
Published: April 2020

The research about the CORE (Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting and Extending) model has been conducted in SMAN 4 Pekanbaru. The purpose of this research is to detemine wheterthe application of CORE learning can improve achievement and the influence of application of CORE learning model in class XI IPA SMAN 4 Pekanbaru on the subject solubility aquilibrium (Ksp). The type of this research is experimental research with experiment design randomized control group pretest-posttest. Sample of the research consisted of two classes, a class XI IPA 5 as an experimental class (implemented the CORE learning model) and class XI IPA 1 as the control class (without the CORE learning model). Test tecniques used as a tecnique in collecting research dats. T-test and coefficient determinasi was used as analysis technique. Based on the data analysis obtained t > t table is 5,71 > 1,66, meaning that the application of the CORE learning model can improve the student achievement on the subject solubility aquilibrium (Ksp) in class XI IPA SMA Negeri 4 Pekanbaru with the great influence of implementation of the CORE learning model on improving learning achievement is 31,178%.
Amphisbaenia: Adaptações para o Modo de Vida Fossorial
Authors: Navega-Gonçalves Maria Eliana Carvalho , Benites João Paulo de Almeida
Published: April 2020

Amphisbaenia são répteis fossoriais, que vivem em sistemas de túneis construídos por eles mesmos. Atualmente, são descritas 195 espécies recentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir informações bibliográficas sobre aspectos de sua morfologia, fisiologia e comportamento relacionando-as ao hábito fossorial. O principal instrumento de escavação dos anfisbênios é a cabeça, cuja morfologia está relacionada com a maneira como a escavação é realizada. Assim, nas espécies com a cabeça arredondada o mecanismo de escavação é generalizado e nas espécies com a cabeça em forma-de-pá, de espátula ou com uma quilha vertical é especializado. O crânio é resistente, formado por placas ósseas rígidas, que devem suportar as investidas da cabeça. O corpo é alongado e cilíndrico desprovido de membros, na maioria, e formado por anéis tegumentares, importantes no deslocamento retilíneo do corpo para a frente e para trás, dentro dos túneis. O alongamento do corpo é refletido nos órgãos internos que são, em sua maioria, alongados; os órgãos pares tendem a sofrer redução ou deslocamento unilateral. Como estratégias de defesa utilizam-se da autotomia caudal, exibição da cauda ou salto de fuga. São predadores que se alimentam, normalmente, de insetos e suas larvas, apreendidos por mandíbulas potentes, dentes fortes e recurvados. O sistema visual é reduzido, no entanto, são capazes de perceber sons e vibrações oriundas do substrato, e possuem um acurado senso químico. A maioria das espécies é ovípara com um baixo número de ovos por ninhada e o ciclo sexual é geralmente sazonal, sincronizado com a estação quente e chuvosa, mas outros aspectos relacionados ao comportamento reprodutivo das espécies ainda são desconhecidos. Exibem termorregulação comportamental e selecionam micro-habitat com temperaturas mais favoráveis às suas atividades, realizando migrações verticais no solo, de acordo com a temperatura ambiental e estações do ano. Os tipos de solos e o teor de umidade do mesmo parecem influenciar na distribuição espacial dos Amphisbaenia, mas esta relação precisa ser melhor compreendida. O modo de vida fossorial protege da irradiação solar intensa, oferece um micro-habitat com maior teor de umidade do que na superfície, propicia proteção contra muitos predadores e favorece a captura de presas que vivem no solo, mas impõe restrições em relação os biótopos onde este animais poderiam ser encontrados.
Mudanças na Rotina do Bugio-ruivo Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 e do Bugio-preto Alouatta caraya Humboldt, 1812 Mantidos no Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Através da Técnica de Enriquecimento Ambiental
Authors: Silva Fernanda Ribeiro , Jardim Márcia Maria de Assis , Pereira Maria João Ramos
Published: April 2020

Atualmente, muitos jardins zoológicos possuem ambientes com maiores dimensões e que suprem de forma mais adequada as necessidades fisiológicas e comportamentais básicas dos animais, quando comparados aos recintos comumente utilizados no passado. Porém, mesmo com tais melhorias, estes ambientes podem apresentar pouco estimulo psicológico aos animais, uma vez que são relativamente menos complexos que ambientes naturais. Tal contexto pode levar a comportamentos que não são naturais da espécie, como também perdas graduais de atenção e da capacidade de busca e resposta a novos estímulos. Dentre os objetivos das técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental (EA) está o aumento do repertório comportamental dos animais cativos, pois estimula a expressão de comportamentos naturais das espécies. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o comportamento de indivíduos das espécies Alouatta guariba clamitans e Alouatta caraya em cativeiro, verificando se há alterações comportamentais decorrentes do enriquecimento ambiental e, se dentre os elementos ofertados, alguns são mais atrativos aos animais. Para isso, comparamos o comportamento de dois grupos de bugios em zoológico durante períodos com e sem enriquecimento ambiental, considerando seis diferentes dispositivos de enriquecimento ambiental. Os bugios responderam bem aos estímulos, interagindo com todos os dispositivos apresentados. Apesar disso, não houve alterações significativas nos padrões de atividade durante a fase de EA para nenhum dos grupos. Porém, o comportamento de forrageio aumentou após o uso do EA, indicando que o EA pode ter despertado o interesse em alimentos diferentes do ofertado na dieta regular. Adicionalmente, também foi observada uma curiosidade maior pelos dispositivos que continham alimentos como recompensa. Desta forma, observamos que o enriquecimento ambiental ofertado para os indivíduos foi capaz de promover alterações positivas na rotina e no comportamento dos animais, podendo ser um indicativo sobre a melhoria nas condições de bem-estar desses animais. Além disso, os dispositivos apresentados podem servir de exemplo de técnicas de EA para serem aplicadas em outras situações de cativeiro, inclusive na reabilitação de espécimes animais que tenham condições de retorno à natureza.
Update on Benthic Scyphozoans from the Brazilian Coast (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Coronatae)
Authors: Garbi Molinari Clarissa , Morandini André Carrara
Published: April 2020

Members of the order Coronatae are considered the basal group of Scyphozoa, containing approximately 60 species. Observation of life cycle is critical to unravel the systematics and taxonomy of the order. However, recent studies related only to the polyp stage were able to promote progress using solely morphological characters of the periderm tube. The lack of knowledge about the actual number of coronate species occurring in Brazil and their distribution along the coast is a factor that limits more advanced approaches to interpret the biogeography of these animals. Our goal was to identify and describe the Coronatae polyps from N, SE and S Brazil, taking into account the bathymetric and longitudinal distribution of species. Measurements of the periderm tube under light microscopy and the organization and morphology of the internal cusps observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the recognition of three morphotypes, recognized only at the genus level: two morphotypes of Nausithoe (eight and 16 cusps) and one form of Atorella.
Behavior Manipulation of Crabronidae and Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Ophiocordyceps humbertii (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in an Amazonian Rainforest, Brazil
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , Bartolomay Pedro Reck , Soares Matheus Mickael Mota
Published: April 2020

The parasitism and behavior manipulation of three different species of aculeate wasps by the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps humbertii was recorded and described. A total of 30 parasitized specimens were observed and collected, being five specimens of Larra (Crabronidae), 21 of Liris (Crabronidae), and four of Epysiron (Pompilidae).
Contribution à la connaissance de la végétation muscinale des Hêtraies de Corse
Authors: Hébrard Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

The author studies the moss-vegetation of the beech-forests in the corsican mountains and the ecological features of four main biotopes. Between 800 and 1 6 00 m, the Grimmio-A ntitrichietum nova ass., with Grimmia Hartmanii and Antitrichia cultripendula, followed by Dicranum scoparium, Isothecium myurum and Pterigynandrum filiforme which accumulate at their basis a fine organic and sour unsaturated horizon, covers the granitic or schistous rocks. The acid soil of the beech-forests has a thicker texture, is less humiferous and often bears a strong litter of dead leaves. Under such conditions, the cryptogamie strata (Pohlia cruda, Isothecium myurum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Bartramia pomiformis) finds a shelter in the clearings and on the slopes. The Antitrichietum cultripendulae typicum (Ochsner 1926) Barkm. 1958, var Pterigynandrosum filiformis Ochsner 1928 with Pterigynandrum filiforme, Leucodon sciuroides, Homalothecium sericeum, Antitrichia cultripendula , occurs on the northern and eastern faces of Fagus trunks and the Orthodicranum strictum, Pterigynandrum filiforme and Buxbaumia indusiata association, which belongs to the Blepharostomion (Stefureac 1941) Barkm. 1958 was observed on decaying stumps.
L'analyse pollinique de la tourbière de Fos-sur-Mer (B. du Rh.)
Authors: Triat H.
Published: April 2020

Situé en liseré sublittoral, en bordure de l’embouchure du Rhône, le gisement tourbeux de Fos-sur-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France), profond de 4,80 m, repose directement sur le poudingue quaternaire de Crau.

L’étude des données pollenanalytiques et géologiques a permis de reconstituer l'évolution de la végétation provençale en ce lieu depuis 6000 ans. A la base du diagramme, l'horizon Juniperus-Phillyrea-Pistacia est interprété comme l'écho de la proximité de groupements édaphiques liés à un complexe dunaire qui a été démantelé par la transgression versilienne.

L'intervention relativement récente des chênaies à feuillage persistant succédant à une chênaie subméditerranéenne, le témoignage de l'activité agricole et la déforestation sont mis en évidence. L'analyse pollinique fournit des éléments pour la connaissance du passé de quelques taxons et la solution du problème de l'origine d'espèces considérées en ce lieu comme des survivantes glaciaires.
Comportement et modifications physiologiques du Coléoptère aquatique Berosus spinosus (Hydrophilidae) en période de sécheresse de son habitat
Authors: Alquier Christian
Published: April 2020

Behaviour and physiological modifications of the aquatic Beetle B. spinosus (Hydrophilidaé) during the dryness of his habitat.

In order to avoid the drying of his biotope during summer, the Beetle B. spinosus sinks into the ground where he hollows a lodge. He stays here in a latent life until autumn. During this time, his respiratory metabolism is weaken, that is moduling the effects of the temperature, although his total balance-sheet is not weaken.
Place et rôle des espèces du genre Pinus dans la végétation du Sud-Est Méditerranéen Français
Authors: Loisel Roger
Published: April 2020

Taking account of the plant communities and vegetation series from french mediterranean southeastern Region, the author analyses the distribution, the climatic and edaphic factors of the distribution and the practical importance of Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus mesogeensis Fieschi et Gaussen and Pinus pinea L.
Contribution à la connaissance des zoocoenoses ripicoles de surface en Corse
Authors: Bigot Louis
Published: April 2020

Les zoocoenoses ripicoles de surface, essentiellement composées d’insectes Coléoptères (39 espèces), avec de bonnes caractéristiques parmi les Aranéides (4 espèces), sont étudiées sur les plages en bord de mer, sur les berges des étangs et sur les rives des cours d’eau de la Corse. Des comparaisons de fréquence et d’abondance relative des espèces sont réalisées entre les habitats de la Corse et ceux de la Provence. Les indicateurs biologiques sont mentionnés pour chaque type de milieux. L’endémisme est faible dans la communauté ripicole de surface (huit formes seulement).
Sur la biologie et l'écologie des espèces du genre Hemineura tetens en Provence occidentale (Psocopteres Elipsocidae)
Authors: Guillaumont F.
Published: April 2020

Dans ce travail sont décrits les biocycles de deux espèces d'Hemineura strictement méditerranéennes, H. hispanica et H. bigoti. Ces espèces sont univoltines avec apparition des larves et des imagos en saison froide. En dehors de cette saison, les deux espèces subsistent sous forme d’œufs soumis à un état de vie ralentie comparable à une diapause.

Le développement larvaire se déroule en six stades ; sa durée s’échelonne, pour les deux espèces, entre un mois et un mois et demi. Les six stades sont décrits et figurés. Le développement larvaire est comparable chez ces Hemineura ; par contre, leur éthologie diffère quelque peu.
Application du concept de la diversité spécifique à la dynamique de trois populations d'Oribates (Acariens) de la forêt de la Sainte Baume (Var) - Partie II : Variabilité temporelle selon les différents niveaux prospectés
Authors: Lions Jean-Claude
Published: April 2020

Using the same method as in the first part of this work, Theory of Information. We have studied the cyclic specific diversity of three prospected levels, litter, 0 -5 cm, -5 -10 cm in three stations of Sainte Baume forest (Var).

We have showed as best as possible the variations of the fauna in function of pedoclimatic characteristics.
Contribution à l'étude de la végétation muscinale de quelques formations du maquis Corse. Les cistaies sèches et les peuplements à Halimium halimifolium
Authors: Hébrard Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

The author carried out a study on the bryophytic vegetation in dry Cistus or Halimium halimifolium (L.) Willk. formations of corsican lowlands.

Cistus populations (Cistus monspeliensis L. always dominant) occur on siliceous levellings, particularly granite or schist, in opened and sunny situations where, on relatively sour soils, the values are low for organic matter, litter (total average : 16,4% on 46,5 m2) and moss cover (23,7%), with Pleuridium subulatum, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum, Weisia viridula, Pleurochaete squarrosa, Trichostomum brachydontium Scleropodium Touretii and Bryum bicolor, all xerophilous taxa leading to 5 different variants (Bryum bicolor and Funaria hygrometrica variant, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum, Pleuridium subulatum, Weisia viridula, Scleropodium Touretii variants). In Halimium halimifolium formations, the bryophitic vegetation is very poor (Bryum capillare followed by Pleuridium subulatum, Trichostomum brachydontium or Weisia viridula), because of the high permeability and instability of the sandy substrate.
Analyse pollinique de la tourbière du plateau d'Ovace (Montagne de Cagna- Corse)
Authors: Reille Maurice
Published: April 2020

An interpretation is given of a pollinie diagram from the peat-bog of the Ovace Plateau (Montagne de Cagna, Corsica) on the basis of an analysis of recent pollen rain made in massif, the results of which show the extraordinary under-representation of Abies in the thick fir-grove and the role of collector played by this last as regards the pollen of mean altitude trees.

The end of the Subboreal period, which is relatively dry everywhere in Corsica, is essentielly propitious to Pinus laricio. Abies is extending as soon as the Subatlantic period. The analysis of its pollinie curve shows that the regression of the curve of a tree, which is generally interpreted as a recession of the forest, may be caused, on the contrary, by a decrease of blossoming related to a thickening of the forest.
Les pelouses calcicoles orophiles et nordiques des étages subalpin de type medio-européen et alpin en Ariège et en Pyrénées catalanes occidentales
Authors: Grüber Michel
Published: April 2020

L’auteur étudie les pelouses calcicoles orophiles et nordiques des étages subalpin et alpin de l’Ariège et des Pyrénées catalanes occidentales (Elyno-Seslerietea Br.Bl. 1948). Il les intègre à deux grands complexes : l’Oxytropo-Elynion Br.-Bl. 1948 et le Primulion intricatae Br.-Bl. 1948).

L’Oxytropo-Elynion, essentiellement alpin et méso-xérophile, correspond aux pelouses fermées à Elyna myosuroides où Oxytropis halleri domine dans la moitié orientale des Pyrénées l'Elyno-Oxytropidetum halleri Br.-Bl. 1948) et O. foucaudii en Pyrénées occidentales (Carici-Oxytropidetum foucaudii Gruber ass. nova).

Le Primulion intricatae subalpino-alpin individualise un grand nombre de groupements à Geranium cinereum, Festuca rubra var. commutata, Horminum pyrenaicum, Adonis pyrenaica et Bartsia spicata proches les uns des autres et représentant des pelouses mésophiles croissant sur des sols frais et humides.

L’auteur compare toutes ces pelouses avec leurs homologues des autres massifs européens (Alpes, Balkans, Apennins, montagnes ibériques ...) de manière à saisir leur valeur biogéographique.

En outre, les spectres biogéographiques montrent que les influences oroméditerranéennes sans y être nulles ne jouent qu’un rôle de second plan à leur niveau.

Ces pelouses ont donc bien une valeur médio-européenne vis-à-vis des pelouses ouvertes des soulanes /Festuco-Seslerietea Barbero et Bonin 1969) à Festuca gautieri d’affinités nettement méridionales.
Les pelouses culminales du Gran Sasso d'Italia. Analyse dynamique et relations avec les facteurs du milieu
Authors: Bonin Gilles , Vedrenne Gérard
Published: April 2020

Using the factorial analysis of correspondances the authors present the proof of the dynamic correlation existing between plant communities of Festuca violacea and Luzula bulgaria. They expose the correlations between the communities and some soil factors.
Les communautés de coléoptères et d'araignées des biotopes humides dans le Parc National des Écrins
Authors: Gauthier G.
Published: April 2020

L'auteur étudie les communautées de Coléoptères et d'Araignées vivant sur les rives des milieux aquatiques (rivières, torrents, lacs), et à la limite des névés, dans le Parc National des Ecrins.

Les résultats établis concernent plus particulièrement :

- L'inventaire général des espèces et l'analyse de sa composition écologique et biogéographique.

- La répartition géographique et altitudinale des principales espèces.

- La description des différents biotopes étudiés et l'analyse qualitative de leur peuplement.
À propos de la valeur bioclimatique et dynamique de quelques essences forestières au Maroc
Authors: Achhal Ahmed , Akabli Aomar , Barbero Marcel , Benabid Abdelmalek , M'Hirit Omar , Peyre C. , Quézel Pierre , Rivas-Martinez Salvador
Published: April 2020

The authors study the bioclimatic and altitudinal distribution of pre forest and forest vegetation and the problems they pose in Marocco. They reveal the correspondance between the altitudinal distribution and thermic variants on the phytosociological values of some major forested elements and their evolutionary series which are arranged within the principal levels.
Chapitre II. Spécificité du Niolu dans la Corse de l'intérieur
Authors: Simi Pierre , Grison Pierre
Published: April 2020

Les principaux aspects physiques, économiques de la montagne corse sont brièvement tracés pour situer la place particulière occupée par le Niolu dans la Corse cristalline. La régression des cultures, surtout céréalières, est suivie par une occupation de l’espace par un élevage transhumant aujourd’hui en déclin. Celui-ci exige la disposition de pâturages d’hiver cherchés dans toutes les plaines ou les basses vallées de l’île et particulièrement dans le Filosorma.

Les grandes forêts d’altitude, plutôt sous exploitées et relativement épargnées par le bétail, par comparaison aux déprédations commises dans l’ensemble des pays méditerranéens, font actuellement l’objet de plans d’aménagement par l’Office National des Forêts : c’est le cas de la splendide forêt de Pin laricio de Valdu Niellu.

Malheureusement le déclin démographique est actuellement l’obstacle le plus sérieux à la rénovation rurale en montagne, malgré les efforts des institutions publiques et privées et notamment du Parc Naturel Régional de la Corse.
Chapitre VI. Dynamique des essences forestières dans les zones d'activité rurale
Authors: Géri Claude , Goussard Francis
Published: April 2020

Les boisements de la vallée du Niolu subissent depuis une soixantaine d’années de profondes modifications dont les résultats deviennent chaque année plus apparents : à la suite de la régression démographique qui a suivi la guerre de 1914, qui s’est traduite par l’abandon des cultures puis plus tardivement par la diminution même de l’activité pastorale, les pins laricio progressent sur les anciennes terres de culture et envahissent progressivement la châtaigneraie. Le même processus de recolonisation est observé pour le chêne blanc.

La vitesse de cette dynamique des essences forestières dans les anciennes zones d’activité villageoise, ainsi que les différentes formes du processus de recolonisation dans les différents secteurs de la commune d’Albertacce sont mises en évidence, suivant une méthodologie très simple, par une enquête réalisée le long de dix transects de 3 à 4 km représentatifs des principaux faciès de la vallée.

L’interprétation des photos aériennes des missions I.G.N. de 1951 et de 1975 montrent l’importance du phénomène de reforestation pour l’ensemble de la commune d’Albertacce et son évolution sur une période de 24 ans.

Les informations recueillies au cours des enquêtes d’entomologie forestière dans les autres vallées de Corse confirment la généralité de ce phénomène dont les modalités sont toutefois très diversifiées en fonction des conditions topographiques, de la nature des peuplements forestiers, et de l’occupation humaine antérieure des différents sites.
Chapitre IX : De quelques facteurs sociaux de la transformation des paysages niolins
Authors: Lenclud Gérard
Published: April 2020

Dans cet article, l’auteur s’efforce de montrer comment le modèle général d’utilisation des ressources du milieu, les techniques agricoles et pastorales, l’organisation sociale de la production et les structures foncières forment des systèmes à différentes périodes de l’histoire d’une commune du Niolo et comment chacune de ces combinaisons est liée à un type particulier de paysage.
Contribution à l'étude édaphique des groupements à Quercus cerris subsp. pseudocerris, Cedrus libani et Abies cilica dans le Nord-Ouest de la Syrie
Authors: Aubert Guy , Chalabi Mohamed Nabil
Published: April 2020

Les auteurs mettent en évidence les caractéristiques édaphiques relatives aux chênaies à Quercus cerris ssp. pseudocerris au nord-ouest de la Syrie, dans les régions du Baer-Bassit et de Slenfé ; ainsi que celles de la cédraie à Cedrus libani et de la sapinière à Abies cilicica, au Djebel Alaouite septentrional.
Evolution à court terme de la matière organique dans deux types de sol de Beregadougou (Haute-Volta) sous culture de la canne à sucre
Authors: Sourabie N.
Published: April 2020

L'introduction de la culture industrielle de la canne à sucre en Afrique Occidentale est relativement récente. A Sérégadougou, village situé à une quinzaine de kilomètres au nord de Banfora, cette culture est pratiquée depuis seulement 1972. Le présent article traite de l’influence de 1 à 5 années de culture continue sur l'évolution de la matière organique des sols ferrugineux tropicaux et des sols peu évolués. Celle-ci induit d'abord une diminution du stock organique. Les années suivantes, avec des apports annuels importants de matière organique fraîche (feuilles de canne - récolte par épaillement - et racines mortes), le taux de carbone total se relève progressivement aussi bien dans les sols ferrugineux tropicaux que dans les sols peu évolués. Dans ces derniers, la transformation de la matière organique engendre un faible accroissement du taux des acides humiques (AH), alors que dans les sols ferrugineux tropicaux elle provoque une augmentation des acides fulviques (AF).
Quelques incidences bioclimatiques du facteur "précipitation" en Cévennes
Authors: Arnaud M.
Published: April 2020

From the study of the rainfalls in the Cevennes("Massif Central" of France) the author describes several climatic inclinations in this region. In a last paragraph a bioclimatic synthetical trial between the results given by the studies of the rainfalls and the thermic climates, already appointed by Rousvoal (1973), is proposed.
Observations sur Scirpus maritimus L. en Camargue
Authors: Podlejski V. D.
Published: April 2020

Les communautés à Scirpus maritimus sur tes rives sud de l'étang du Vaccarès augmentent en nombre et en étendue. Cette hélophyte et son milieu sont étudiés dans 15 marais de Camargue. L'abondance de sels minéraux dans le sol a un effet remarquable sur la hauteur et la production de Scirpus maritimus.
Les sapins circum-méditerranéens une approche chimiotaxonomique
Authors: Lebreton Philippe , Sarte J. , Thivend S.
Published: April 2020

L'étude de la répartition des proanthocyanidines et des flavorols chez 21 espèces de sapins a permis de souligner:

- la position originale, évoluée, de la section I Gaussen sensu, dont Abies hollophylla doit être distrait;

- la position originale, évoluée, de Abies pectinata au sein de la section II, où il se détache de l'ensemble des sapins méditerranéens eux-mêmes subdivisés en deux groupes phytochimiques.
Carte de la végétation du Haut-Vénacais au 1/25000. Notice
Authors: Gamisans Jacques , Grüber Michel , Claudin J. , Casanova J. B.
Published: April 2020

Los autores describen la vegetacion del Haut-Venacais (Corcéga) basandose en las asociaciones vegetales sigmatistas ya conocidas, situandolas en las series dinamicas de vegetacion. Estas series corresponden a los pisos mesomediterraneo (parte superior), supramediterraneo, montano, subalpino /oromediterraneo, y alpino. Algunas observaciones son hechas sobre las particularidades floristicas del Venacais y sobre la influencia humana sobre la vegetacion de esta region.
Résistance de Ancyllus fluviatilis (Mollusque gastéropode) à l'exondation de son habitat
Authors: Légier Pierre
Published: April 2020

Survival of Ancylus fluviatilis (Mollusc Gastropod) has been studied after the drying up of its habitat. This animal is adapted to survive out of the water when the air moisture degree is hight. This accomodation is made possible by the secretion of a mucous cork which isolates the animal from its external environment.

The animal is killed by a more severe or quick drying of his aquatic environment.