bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematic linkage between minibasin welds and extreme overpressure in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Shumaker Niven , Haymond Daniel , Martin Joe
Published: February 2014

A geopressure interpretation technique known as the seismic velocity method is a common workflow in which shale compaction functions are characterized at offset control wells, matched to interval seismic velocities, and then used to predictively calculate geopressure away from well control. The seismic velocity method is used to interpret the expected geopressure profile at the Deep Blue subsalt exploration well in Green Canyon 723 in the deep water Gulf of Mexico. The Deep Blue prospect is distinct from other prospects in the play fairway in that the prospective section is overlain by a salt withdrawal minibasin, whereas the offsetting fields are positioned either along the flanks of minibasins or under a thick allochthonous salt canopy. Predrill geopressure interpretations using numerous tomographic imaging velocity data sets shows a large degree of consistency with the magnitude of geopressure encountered in offsetting supra salt and subsalt fields. Results from the Deep Blue 1 exploration well indicate the predrill geopressure interpretation from interval seismic velocities failed to anticipate the extreme degree overpressure encountered in the subsalt section of the well due to poor deep velocity resolution and an “unloaded” compaction signature. The magnitude of overpressure in the primary section is attributed to the emplacement of an unconformable halokinetic sequence over the primary subsalt basin. An interpretive paradigm is described in which the Deep Blue pressure cell is created through two halokinetic episodes: (1) rapid progradation of a salt canopy followed by (2) subsequent salt withdrawal and emplacement of an overlying minibasin. The linkage between halokinetic sequences, burial history, and the development of overpressure can be used to predictively characterize subsalt geopressure environments.
Quantifying shale pore pressure by modeling the controls on compaction and porosity
Authors: Krushin James T.
Published: February 2014

The oil and gas industry relies primarily on locally calibrated shale velocity/sonic, electrical resistivity trends, and exponential loss of porosity from high-porosity shallow mud to model compaction. These methods do not properly identify and isolate the variable shale mineralogy and the specific components of compaction which control shale porosity. The variable shale mineralogy is captured by the shale bulk cation exchange capacity (CEC) (meq/g). CEC is a measurement of the amount of exchangeable charge per unit mass of dry sample and is used as a petrophysical surrogate for mineralogy and grain size. The components of compaction are mechanical, governed by effective overburden stress; thermal, associated with increasing burial temperature, and chemical, such as the smectite to illite transformation. Desorption water vapor isotherms of Na-exchanged pure clays, clay mixtures, and shales help to quantify the properties and components that ultimately control shale porosity. The isotherms are a measurement of the gravimetric water content (WC) as the relative humidity [Formula: see text], is decreased from 100%. Plotting [Formula: see text] versus WC normalized by CEC (water-g/meq) results in the data collapsing to a single general trend. With knowledge of the bulk CEC of the shale, a protomechanical compaction curve results from this trend when a simple thermodynamic equation converts [Formula: see text] to effective overburden stress. Additionally, water vapor sorption isotherms measurements at different temperatures calibrate the thermal compaction component associated with increasing temperature with burial. The effects of diagenesis and variable shale mineralogy are incorporated in the compaction model via the bulk CEC parameter, calculated from petrophysical well logs. After accounting for temperature and CEC, the shale porosity is dependent only on the effective overburden stress state, i.e., pore pressure. There is excellent agreement between the model’s pore pressure with pore pressure inferred from drilled mud weights and pressures measured in interbedded sands.
Prostaglandin E2 (EP) Receptors Mediate PGE2-Specific Events in Ovulation and Luteinization Within Primate Ovarian Follicles
Authors: Kim Soon Ok , Harris Siabhon M. , Duffy Diane M.
Published: February 2014

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of ovulation. All 4 PGE2 receptors (EP receptors) are expressed in the primate follicle, but the specific role of each EP receptor in ovulatory events is poorly understood. To examine the ovulatory events mediated via these EP receptors, preovulatory monkey follicles were injected with vehicle, the PG synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, or indomethacin plus PGE2. An ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin was administered; the injected ovary was collected 48 hours later and serially sectioned. Vehicle-injected follicles showed normal ovulatory events, including follicle rupture, absence of an oocyte, and thickening of the granulosa cell layer. Indomethacin-injected follicles did not rupture and contained oocytes surrounded by unexpanded cumulus; granulosa cell hypertrophy did not occur. Follicles injected with indomethacin plus PGE2 were similar to vehicle-injected ovaries, indicating that PGE2 restored the ovulatory changes inhibited by indomethacin. Additional follicles were injected with indomethacin plus an agonist for each EP receptor. EP1, EP2, and EP4 agonists each promoted aspects of follicle rupture, but no single EP agonist recapitulated normal follicle rupture as seen in follicles injected with either vehicle or indomethacin plus PGE2. Although EP4 agonist-injected follicles contained oocytes in unexpanded cumulus, the absence of oocytes in EP1 agonist- and EP2 agonist-injected follicles suggests that these EP receptors promote cumulus expansion. Surprisingly, the EP3 agonist did not stimulate any of these ovulatory changes, despite the high level of EP3 receptor expression in the monkey follicle. Therefore, agonists and antagonists selective for EP1 and EP2 receptors hold the most promise for control of ovulatory events in women.
Denervation atrophy is independent from Akt and mTOR activation and is not rescued by myostatin inhibition
Authors: MacDonald Elizabeth M. , Andres-Mateos Eva , Mejias Rebeca , Simmers Jessica L. , Mi Ruifa , Park Jae-Sung , Ying Stephanie , Hoke Ahmet , Lee Se-Jin , Cohn Ronald D.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of our study was to compare two acquired muscle atrophies and the use of myostatin inhibition for their treatment. Myostatin naturally inhibits skeletal muscle growth by binding to the ActRIIB receptor on the cell surface of myofibers. Because blocking myostatin in an adult wild-type mouse induces profound muscle hypertrophy, we applied a soluble ActRIIB receptor to models of disuse (limb immobilization) and denervation (sciatic nerve resection) atrophy. We found that treatment of immobilized mice with ActRIIB prevented the loss of muscle mass observed in placebo treated mice. Our results suggest that this protection from disuse atrophy is regulated by SGK instead of Akt. Denervation atrophy, however, was not protected by ActRIIB treatment, yet resulted in an upregulation of the pro-growth factors Akt, SGK, and components of the mTOR pathway. We then treated the denervated mice with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and found that despite a reduction in mTOR activation, there is no alteration of the atrophy phenotype. Additionally, rapamycin prevented the denervation-induced upregulation of the mTORC2 substrates Akt and SGK. Thus, our studies show that denervation atrophy is not only independent from Akt, SGK, and mTOR activation but also has a different underlying pathophysiological mechanism than disuse atrophy.
Negativity towards negative results: a discussion of the disconnect between scientific worth and scientific culture
Authors: Matosin Natalie , Frank Elisabeth , Engel Martin , Lum Jeremy S. , Newell Kelly A.
Published: February 2014

Science is often romanticised as a flawless system of knowledge building, where scientists work together to systematically find answers. In reality, this is not always the case. Dissemination of results are straightforward when the findings are positive, but what happens when you obtain results that support the null hypothesis, or do not fit with the current scientific thinking? In this Editorial, we discuss the issues surrounding publication bias and the difficulty in communicating negative results. Negative findings are a valuable component of the scientific literature because they force us to critically evaluate and validate our current thinking, and fundamentally move us towards unabridged science.
Electrochemical Activity Imaging of Enzymes Immobilized on Substrates Based on a Bio-LSI System
Authors: Hokuto Toshiki , Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kunikata Ryota , Suda Atsushi , Inoue Kumi Y , Matsue Tomokazu , Mizutani Fumio
Published: February 2014

The activities of glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactate oxidase (LOx) immobilized on a substrate were obtained as images of oxidation currents of H2O2 using a Bio-LSI system. In the presence of appropriate substrates, the image of the enzyme appeared as lines with a high oxidation current. The time required to obtain the current image was 10 s, a significant decrease from the time required by the scanning method with a miniaturized probe.
The Origin of Natural Gas and Influence on Hydrogen Isotope of Methane by TSR in the Upper Permian Changxing and the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formations in Northern Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Hu Guoyi , Yu Cong , Gong Deyu , Tian Xingwang , Wu Wei
Published: February 2014

After analyzing the molecular and stable isotope compositions of 45 natural gas samples in the Changxing and Feixianguan Formations in northern Sichuan basin, significant differences have been observed between the samples in the northwest Kaijiang-Liangping trough and those in the northeast. The δ13C2 values of the gas in the northeast of Kaijiang-Liangping trough (δ13C2=−25.0‰∼−32.3‰ with an average of −28.2‰)are lighter than those in the northwest of Kaijiang-Liangping trough (δ13C2=−21.3‰∼−28.9‰ with an average of −24.8‰). The δD1 values of the gas in the northeast (δD1=−114‰∼−129‰ with an average of −121‰) are also lighter than those in the northwest (δD1=−107‰∼−115‰ with an average of −113‰). By analyzing the kinetic fractionation of carbon isotope in methane and ethane, we find that gas in the northwest of Kaijiang-Liangping trough originated from the P2l coal measures while those in the northeast were sourced from the thermal cracking of oil, which are most likely generated from the marine source rocks in the Upper Permian Longtan formation(P2l) and the Silurian. The CO2 content varies from 0 to 30.20% with the δ13CCO2 values ranging from −2.9‰ to 3.3‰, which suggests that the CO2 may possibly originate from the carbonate reservoirs dissolved by acidic fluids. Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) has resulted in the richness of deuterium in the methane.
Stable Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Alkane Gases in Tight Sandstone Gas Fields and the Gas Source in China
Authors: Huang Shipeng , Yu Cong , Gong Deyu , Wu Wei , Liao Fengrong
Published: February 2014

Significant achievements have been obtained in tight sandstone gas exploration in China. At present, tens of tight sandstone gas pools have been discovered in the Ordos basin, the Sichuan basin, the Bohai Bay basin, the Tarim basin, and the Turpan-Harmi basin in China. This study examines the gas components and the stable carbon isotope data of 150 tight sandstone gas samples collected from the main petroliferous basins in China. Tight sandstone gas in China is dominated in alkane gases, and the contents of methane and its homologues decrease with increasing of the carbon number. Major part of the tight sandstone gas have the characteristic of normal stable carbon isotope series (i.e., δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4), whereas the rest show a partial reversal, and the reversals between ethane and propane are in dominant (δ13C2>δ13C3). Most of the sandstone gases are coal-derived gas, and mixing of gases from the same humic source but different maturity or from different humic sources caused the partially reversal of the carbon isotopic values. The major part of the tight sandstone gas pools are self-generation and self-accumulation reservoirs formed in coal measures, and the coal measures are the favorable field in tight sandstone gas exploration in China.
Shopper Loyalty to Whom? Chain versus Outlet Loyalty in the Context of Store Acquisitions
Authors: Van Lin Arjen , Gijsbrechts Els
Published: February 2014

When patronizing stores, consumers may exhibit loyalty not only to a retail chain but also to a specific outlet. This distinction is important in a dynamic retail environment: if a store changes ownership, chain loyalty makes customers inclined to seek out another outlet of the former chain, whereas outlet loyalty enhances their stay rate after the takeover. This article distinguishes the two forms of loyalty conceptually and discusses how both can be identified empirically in a model of consumers’ reactions to store acquisitions. The authors estimate their model on unique scanner panel data covering ±200 local markets and takeovers. The results confirm that after an acquisition, consumers exhibit outlet loyalty, regardless of changes in chain and marketing mix. Counterfactual simulations point to important managerial implications. Acquiring outlets with a clientele in place leads to higher store traffic levels than the new owner could otherwise reach. Notably, these benefits cannot be reaped if the acquiring chain is a hard discounter, in which case customers’ previous store knowledge is less relevant, and incentives to seek out new outlets are greater.
The Optional Preference? American Catholic Economic Advocacy and the Culture Wars
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: February 2014

Has the Catholic preferential option for the poor become an optional preference in contemporary American Catholic advocacy? If so, why? Commentators on both the left and the right agree that the “culture wars,” particularly over abortion access, have come to trump economic advocacy among American Catholics. In the following, I refine this claim, testing several mechanisms by which the culture wars could have influenced Catholic economic advocacy. Evidence is strongest that the culture wars have mattered in three ways: shaping organizational politics within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, driving polarization among Catholic civil society organizations, and generating blowback among Catholics in the pews to the infusion of religion into politics. However, the culture wars have not fundamentally changed Catholic theology of the economy or eliminated traditional Catholic advocates for progressive economic policy. After documenting evidence of these effects, the piece closes with implications for the likelihood of a “Francis effect” on American Catholic economic advocacy.
Catholic Politics in the United States: Challenges in the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Jelen Ted G.
Published: February 2014

Throughout the history of the US, the Catholic Church has occupied a variety of political roles. This essay identifies three distinctive periods of Catholic politics: An era in which US Catholicism represented a primarily “immigrant” church (approximately from the mid-19th century to World War II), a period of assimilation and acculturation (roughly 1945–1980), and a period of integration into the dominant partisan and ideological cleavages of American politics (approximately 1980 to the present). Each of these eras was characterized by a distinctive pattern of interaction among the American Catholic laity, the organized Roman Catholic hierarchy in the US, and the Vatican.
Rutin rich Emblica officinalis Geart. fruit extract ameliorates inflammation in the pancreas of rats subjected to alcohol and cerulein administration
Authors: Aruna Ravikumar , Geetha Arumugam , Suguna Periyanayagam , Suganya Vijayashankar
Published: February 2014

Background: The modulating effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (MEEO) on ethanol (EtOH)- and cerulein (Cer)-induced pancreatitis in rats was investigated in this study.

Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 and 2 rats served as control and fed normal diet. Group 3 and 4 rats were fed isocalorically adjusted diet containing EtOH (36% of total calories) for 5 weeks and also subjected to intraperitoneal injection of Cer 20 µg/kg b.wt. thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period. In addition, group 2 and 4 rats received 200 mg/kg b.wt. of MEEO from 15th day till the experimental period. Serum levels of lipase (L), amylase (A), cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1 and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Levels of fecal trypsin, total collagen, caspase-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidants and mRNA expression of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in the pancreas.

Results: HPLC analysis showed the presence of rutin in MEEO. We observed a significant elevation in serum L/A ratio, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, OSI, collagen, MPO activity and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 and significant reduction in fecal trypsin and antioxidant status in EtOH- and Cer-administered rats. The inflammatory markers were found to be reduced and the antioxidant status of pancreas was maintained in MEEO-coadministered rats.

Conclusions: The rutin rich nature of E. officinalis can be claimed for its anti-inflammatory and pancreato protective effects.
Application of Photochemistry in Synthesis of Smart Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Arndt Karl-Friedrich , Ferse Bernhard , Oelsner Nikos
Published: February 2014

Hydrogels are cross-linked, water-soluble polymers which are swollen
in water or in aqueous solution. Some of these hydrogels (smart
hydrogels) show a drastic change of their properties, particularly the
degree of swelling and the modulus, in dependence on the properties
(temperature, pH, ionic strength, and composition) of the swelling
agent. The application of smart gels requires a defined and fast swell
kinetic. Therefore, there is an interest in the synthesis of thin
patterned films with good mechanical performance. Photolithography is
a powerful method to synthesize films and pattern in the
μm-range. Nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels exhibit excellent
mechanical properties, even in the swollen state. The photochemical
reaction may be stopped easily by switching off the light source. This
allows characterizing the structure of molecules formed during the
reaction. On example of synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels the
monitoring of photochemical induced network formation by dynamic light
scattering is demonstrated. Application relevant properties of NC-gels
and the phase diagram are reported. Gels were patterned by UV
irradiation through a mask. The patterning process is visualized by
FT-IR imaging.
Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Microgels. Synthesis and Characterisation
Authors: Balaceanu Andreea , Verkh Yaroslav , Kehren Dominic , Tillmann Walter , Pich Andrij
Published: February 2014

Thermoresponsive microgels based on poly(N-vinylcaprolactam),
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)
with core-shell morphology were synthesized by two-step seed
precipitation polymerisation. The microgel shell thickness was
controlled by increasing the monomer amount added to the core seed
during the second polymerisation step. 1H nuclear magnetic
resonance and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the real molar
ratio between the components of core and shell. The volume phase
temperature transition of microgels was investigated with dynamic
light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence
that the intrinsic critical solution temperature of the core and shell
polymers has on the volume phase transition temperature of the
microgels is discussed.
Fluorescent Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Weller Horst , Ostermann Johannes , Schmidtke Christian , Kloust Hauke
Published: February 2014

We report on fluorescence quenching experiments of CdSe quantum dots,
which were encapsulated for biocompatibility using different
strategies. Since their fluorescence is very sensitive against water
and other quenching molecules reaching their surface, quenching
experiments allow conclusions on particle shielding towards the
surrounding medium. It turns out that best shielded particles with
comparable chemical composition of their ligand shell have also
outstanding properties in respect of undesired unspecific cellular
uptake.
Régi Kövek, Régi Könyvek A Budai Krónika Jankovich-Példánya és az Egyetemi Könyvtár régi kőgyűjteménye
Authors: Farkas Gábor Farkas , Mikó Árpád
Published: February 2014

The provenance of several stone carvings thought to have belonged among the renaissance carved stones of King Matthias Corvinus' Buda palace is uncertain. A huge gable field with a coat of arms and a monumental inscribed tablet came to the collection of the Hungarian National Museum in 1874. Earlier, they adorned the old building of the University Library — the convent of the Franciscans of Pest — but it has not been clarified yet how they had got there. This time, sources have been found about their transfer into the National Museum. They were involved in an exchange: for the carved stones (some Roman ones as well in addition to the renaissance stones) that were extracted when the old library building was pulled down, the University Library received the second copy of Chronica Hungarorum (Buda, Andreas Hess, 1473), the first book printed in Hungary preserved in the National Széchényi Library. This copy of the Chronicle has permanently been in Hungary and eventually got into the National Museum and the Library together with the collection of Miklós Jankovich, the great art collector. It was part of a colligatum containing Caius Julius Caesar's De bello Gallico, which — to a superficial observer — might also have been taken for a product of the Hess printing office. From the colligatum (adorned with a late medieval Hungarian book cover) the Hess incunabulum was removed and given to the University Library together with another four old books printed in Hungary.
„…‘S Haragszik, Szenved, Mint A’ Tragicus Schiller' Büsztje…“
Authors: Papp Júlia
Published: February 2014

The best known and canonic portraits of the Hungarian poet János Batsányi (1763–1845) and his wife the Austrian poet Gabriele von Baumberg (1766–1839) were painted by the vice director of the Vienna art academy and director of the court gallery, Heinrich Füger (1751–1818) in the first decade of the 19th century. The surviving correspondence of the couple reveals that although formally the two portraits were made for private use, they deemed it important that after their deaths the portraits should become part of collective remembrance and posterity should cherish their memory through these images. The idealized and heroic character of Batsányi's portrait was recognized by the contemporaries, first of all Ferenc Kazinczy (1759–1831), a poet of extraordinary sensitivity to art.

Sympathizing with the ideas of the French revolution and Bonaparte's rule, Batsányi lived in exile in Linz with his wife from 1816. In the late 1820s he sent his portrait home to his childhood friend László Juranics (1765–1850), parish priest of Értény, who hung it in a central place. The priest wrote to Batsányi that the painting had many visitors, which shows that it laid claim to some interim space between the private and public spheres. Presumably by Juranics's last will (whereabouts unknown) the painting was included in the National Museum, the pantheon of national culture, in 1851, just a few years after Batsányi's death.

Though Batsányi promised his friend to send him his wife's portrait as well, he failed to do so. Her two portraits including the one painted by Füger showing her with the attribute of her vocation, the lyre, were discovered by a teacher from Kassa (Košice), Balázs Horváth (1858–?) in Linz who was searching for the memory of the literary couple. He mediated the portraits to bishop of Kassa Zsigmond Bubics (1821–1905) after whose death they went to the municipal museum. The canonization of the pictures was facilitated by the prints and photo reproductions in several 19th century Hungarian press organs and books.
Kísérlet Néhány Magyarországi Ötvösjegy Feloldására XIV.
Authors: Grotte András
Published: February 2014

Similarly to its predecessors, the 14th installment of the time-honoured series adds new goldsmith's marks to the ones known from earlier publications (Elemér Kőszeghy 1936, Ilona P. Brestyánszky 1977). On the basis of registry research it provides new data on 18–19th century goldsmiths with additional information from urban censuses. This time Pest-based goldsmiths are highlighted from the first half of the 19th century, on the basis of works by József Blettl, József Redl, János Hoser and Kristóf Holl that cropped up in the art market, followed by Eperjes-based David Schuller's and the Nagyvárad goldsmith István Nádudvary's works, the latter owned by the Calvinist diocese. After identifying marks from Besztercebánya and Rimaszombat, the paper enlarges upon the Rozsnyó master Samuel Bablirik's works in public and private collections. From former Southern Hungary (today Serbia) the masters of Nagybecskerek (Zrenjanin) and Szabadka (Subotica) are introduced, together with their clientele: Martinus Zimmerer, Johann Christian Parbs, the goldsmiths called Nikolits and the noted Vojnich family.
Ország Lili Itáliai Vázlatfüzetei
Authors: Árvai Mária
Published: February 2014

Lili Ország visited Italy five times between 1968 and 1972. During her travels she prepared numerous sketches and drawings, which are now held at the Archives of the Hungarian National Gallery. The six sketchbooks filled during her trips to Italy are dominated by registration of the Pompeii, Herculaneum and Naples experiences, nevertheless there are pages drawn full in Rome as well. So far art history literature has only briefly touched upon these sketchbooks. The present essay, through examples of those pages where the subject of sketches has been clearly identified, intends to analyse methods of picture construction and composition in the art of Lili Ország, and also to underline the importance of Italian, especially Pompeian experience in her works.

Preponderant majority of sketches — drawn with pencil, ball-point pen or marker as aide memoires — delineate painted walls of Pompeii, yet antique sculptures, some mosaics, and as an exception to the rule a few panel paintings and papyrus scrolls also come up in the sketchbooks. Latter also serve as specific examples for borrowing motifs.

Figural scenes among Pompeian frescoes hardly fascinated Lili Ország, it was rather the system of decorative wall-panes, their colours, the changing rythm of patches (that is the third Pompeian style), and also illusionistic architectural spaces (the second style) that made her trace them religiously. In her sketches she paid attention to exact representation of proportions and composition, the expressiveness of her outlines is exceptional. She registered colours in detail, using denominations that evoque material consistence. She precisely traced all injuries of walls, including abrasion, cracks or patches of mortar. She felt only those motifs (be human figures or objects) worth of treasuring for later use, that had an air of bizarre or peculiar. She loved pictures and sculptures with mystical influences, she was interested in instruments that could reach the desirable effect (worn down green walls, fragmented stuccoes).

The majority of sculptures drawn can be characterized by abundant drapery hiding the forms of human body. Representation of human figures in general can be marked by the lack of sensual visualisation, faces are scarcely ever individualised. Expressive power of figures, their emotions, states of mind are transmitted by postures and gestures.

While she had already lit on the basic elements of her paintings well before her Italian travels, the Pompeian experience was key to further development of her composing methods. This impulse unequivocally contributed to the creation of the Labyrinth-series. The division of the wall surface into smaller units, the lapsing system of picture panes, the rythm of coulorful, often pale patches served as essential sources of inspiration.
Conciliator Concordiae Habsburg Albert Király Egy 17. Századi Rézmetszeten
Authors: Szilágyi András
Published: February 2014

The paper attempts to interpret a so-far unpublished engraving without signature or date, and to identify the circumstances and date of its creation. The starting clues for the interpretation are two well-known heraldic motifs: the coat of arms of the Hungarian Kingdom and that of the Austrian line of the Habsburg dynasty. The former is held by an allegorical female figure — the personification of Hungaria, the latter is kept by a young ruler wearing a crown, on the right and left of the composition respectively. The essential message of the composition also emphasized by other motifs is obvious: the “meeting”, interdependence, mutually useful collaboration of the regnum and the dynasty is the principal theme. Beyond this general idea, however, the composition has more concrete implications. It wishes to indicate the precedents, historical causes of this advantageous and beneficial concord and cooperation as well as the valid and worthwhile future perspectives from the vantage point of the time of creation.

This context lends special appeal and importance to the question who — whose ideal portrait — can be identified with the crowned male figure carrying the Habsburg arms. It must be someone who in the clearly hungaricus context is entitled to embody the competence, aptitude and resoluteness of the Habsburg rulers. The answer will be obvious if we consider where the Habsburgs' long and often manifested aspiration for the acquisition or preservation of the Hungarian throne comes from. To be more precise: if we name the ruler of the Habsburg dynasty who, by the grace of God (Dei gratia) and by the will of the estate, firstly became the king of Hungary.

The successor to Sigismund of Luxemburg, Albert I of Habsburg — the person we were looking for — had a short reign, but his figure was remembered with acknowledgement and respect by posterity. The bicentenary of his accession to the throne (1 January 1438) was celebrated by several commemorative events at the time of the diet sitting in Pozsony in 1637—38. Great emphasis was laid on the anniversary in the political publications of the period as well, particularly in the Latin works whose publication was promoted by the bishop of Eger — later archbishop of Esztergom — György Lippay. The engraving presented in the paper was made for one of these publications as a frontispiece. Consequently, it might have been ordered by György Lippay, which is also proven by the dedication to him in Latin and the coat of arms of the bishop in the middle of the engraving.
“Szeretem a Kérdésfelvető, Bátor Diákokat.” Maurer Dóra a Magyar Képzőművészeti Egyetemen
Authors: Király Judit
Published: February 2014

Dóra Maurer has taught at several institutions from 1975. In the paper I discuss her work at the Painting Department of the Hungarian University of Fine Arts from 1990. I examine the peculiarities of her teaching method: what she declared to be the task of a leading lecturer, what could be and should be taught in her opinion; what relations she had with her students; how she tried to support her former students to find their footing as artists after graduation.

To understand the significance and novelty of Maurer's activity, I outline the historical situation in which she began work at the Academy and touch briefly on the pedagogical work going on at the institution, on the international pedagogical practice and the discourse about art education.
Carbon-Related Deep-Level Defects and Turn-On Recovery Characteristics in AlGaN/GaN Hetero-Structures
Authors: Nakano Yoshitaka , Irokawa Yoshihiro , Sumiya Masatomo , Sumida Yasunobu , Yagi Shuichi , Kawai Hiroji
Published: February 2014

We have investigated on a relation between C-related deep-level defects and turn-on recovery characteristics in bulk regions of AlGaN/GaN hetero-structures containing various C concentrations, employing their Schottky barrier diodes. With decreasing the growth temperature of the GaN buffer layer, three specific deep-level defects located at ∼2.07, ∼2.75, and ∼3.23 eV below the conduction band were significantly enhanced probably due to the C impurity incorporation into the GaN buffer layer. Among them, the ∼2.75 and ∼3.23 eV levels are considered to be strongly responsible for the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) carrier trapping in the bulk regions of the hetero-structures, from their turn-on current recovery characteristics under various optical illuminations.
Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy-Silica Coatings Using Rhodamine 6G as Dye
Authors: Varela Caselis J.L. , Agustín Serrano R. , Rubio Rosas E.
Published: February 2014

It has been found that the hybrid materials are a compatible matrix for numerous organic compounds, such as organic dyes, laser dyes, and compounds that exhibit photo-chromic behavior and many more The epoxy-silica system seems to be an excellent matrix for organic dyes and a hybrid material suitable for to be used as coating on glass substrates with good adhesion properties. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of the different amount of using rhodamine 6G as dye on the structure and properties of epoxy–silica hybrids coatings synthesized by the sol-gel process. We have taken advantage on the high solubility of organic dyes in a hybrid organic–inorganic epoxy resin–silica (epoxy–SiO2) matrix to obtain homogeneous, hard and high optical quality red color films on glass substrates. The effects of the content of rhodamine 6 G on the optical and thermal properties of epoxy-silica hybrid films were also examined. Epoxy resin DER 332 cured with an amine (4,4 diamino diphenyl methane) was used as organic component and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as precursor of the inorganic component. The results showed that at a concentration of rhodamine 0.05% coatings retain adhesion properties similar to coatings without colorant and the coatings are uniform and free of defects. These coatings have the potential to be used as filters and ornamental coatings.
Radiation-Grafting of Thermo- and pH-Sensitive Poly(N-Vinylcaprolactam-co-Acrylic Acid) onto Silicone Rubber and Polypropylene Films
Authors: Ferraz Caroline C. , Lugão Ademar B. , Cedillo Gerardo , Bucio Emilio
Published: February 2014

This work focuses on the effect of gamma-ray radiation conditions on the stimuli-responsive of polypropylene (PP) films and silicone (SR) rubber substrates grafted with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) and acrylic acid (AAc). PP films and SR rubber were weighed and placed into glass ampoules and exposed to60Co γ-source in the presence of air at room temperature, at dose rate around 12 kGy h-1and dose between 5 and 70 kGy. Solutions of NVCL and AAc (1/1, v/v), 50 % monomer concentration (v/v) in toluene were added to the samples, the ampoules were degassed by repeated freeze-thaw cycles (5 times per 20 min) and sealed. The ampoules were heated at 60 or 70 °C at reaction time per 12 h. To extract the residual monomer and homopolymer formed during the grafting, the samples were soaked in ethanol for 24 h and then in distilled water, followed by drying under vacuum to constant weight. The values of grafting percentage achieved at a given irradiation dose were higher for SR than for PP. Samples where characterized by FTIR-ATR, DSC, swelling, LCST, and pH critical point.
On-Line Calorimetry in the Ethylene Coordination Polymerization
Authors: Infante-Martínez José R. , Saldívar-Guerra Enrique , Pérez-Camacho Odilia , Comparán-Padilla Víctor , García-Zamora Maricela
Published: February 2014

The kinetic performance of metallocene type catalysts as well as their instantaneous activity is determined on line by two independent methods in the semi-batch polymerization of ethylene via metallocenes. On the basis of first-principles, both methods are described and guidelines for their implementation at a laboratory scale reactor are offered. Polymerization tests were conducted with two heterogenized metallocene catalysts showing that the direct method (based on ethylene flow measurement) and also the calorimetric method (based on energy balances) reported equivalent high quality information. The calorimetric method here developed can be readily used by the chemical practitioner as the notions and tools required for its implantation are easily grasped. It is noted that the calorimetric method has the advantage of requiring a low cost instrumentation (only thermocouples) whereas the direct method needs a relatively more sophisticated equipment (mass flow meter).
Flape cutâneo em padrão axial auricular caudal para correção de defeito extenso após extirpação de fibrossarcoma facial em felino
Authors: Dal-Bó Í.S. , Brun M.V. , Bortolini C.E. , Quadros A.M. , Chagas J.A.B.
Published: February 2014

Um felino que apresentava massa de grandes dimensões, localizada no lábio superior direito, foi submetido à cirurgia para exérese do aumento de volume mantendo-se margem de tecido sadio. O defeito facial foi reconstituído com um flape cutâneo em padrão axial auricular caudal. A ferida apresentou cicatrização em primeira intenção em sua maior extensão, com adequados resultados cosmético e funcional. A avaliação histopatológica revelou se tratar de fibrossarcoma, o qual não apresentou recidivas locais pelo período mínimo de 21 meses de pós-operatório.
Antibodies against rickettsiae from spotted fever groups in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Medeiros A.P. , Moura A.B. , Souza A.P. , Bellato V. , Sartor A.A. , Vieira-Neto A. , Moraes-Filho J. , Labruna M.B.
Published: February 2014

Bacteria of the Rickettsia genus are agents of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), a zoonotic disease which is difficult to diagnose, evolves quickly and can result in death. Antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses were studied, by means of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAT ≥64), in 150 blood samples taken from animals in two Santa Catarina mesoregions (Planalto Serrano and Vale do Itajaí). The overall occurrence of Rickettsia spp. antibodies in horses was 18.66%, with cross-reactivity occurring in all positive samples for at least two of the species tested. Separately, according to the species, 25 (16.66%) samples were positive for R. rickettsii, 15 (10%) for R. parkeri, 22 (14.66%) for R. amblyommii, 23 (15.33%) for R. rhipicephali, 16 (10.66%) for R. bellii and 19 (12.66%) for R. felis. Only two animals resulted in a conclusive serodiagnosis, one for R. bellii and the other for R. rickettsii, at maximum dilutions of 1:4096 and 1:512, respectively. The occurrence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina indicates the movement of BSF agents in these sentinel animals and confirms the importance of studying spotted fever in the state of Santa Catarina.
Clinical and histological effects of the temporary occlusion of the rabbit nasolacrimal duct and point using cyanoacrylate adhesives
Authors: Cardoso K.C.F. , Ferreira M.A. , Miguel M.P. , Bolzan A.A. , Nishimori C.T.D. , Franco L.G. , Honsho C.S.
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histological effects of occluding the nasolacrimal ducts and points of rabbits. For this study, 20 adult New Zealand rabbits, both males and females, weighing 3.2±0.4kg were allocated into two groups for n-butyl-cyanoacrylate occlusion (GB, n=10) or 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate occlusion (GO, n=10). The contralateral eyes served as the controls. The persistence of tears was evaluated daily using the Schirmer I test. Discomfort, eye discharge, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed prior to the procedure (T0) and during the 14 subsequent days (T1-T14). On days seven and 14, five animals from each group were euthanized, and their nasolacrimal ducts were collected, processed and analyzed by histology. In the GB group, the Schirmer test values differed from that at T0 at all of the subsequent time points, whereas there was no difference in the values observed from the GO group. Compared with the corresponding controls, the GO and GB groups differed significantly at almost all of the time points. When comparing the treatment groups, differences were found at T6, T7, T9, T10, T11, T12 and T14, with higher Schirmer values in the GB group. Epiphora was observed in the GB group from T1 to T8 and in the GO group from T1 to T6. Within seven days post-occlusion, histology revealed a moderate foreign body reaction, with marked necrosis and sloughing of the canalicular epithelium, in the GO group, which was absent at day 14. In the GB group, a marked inflammatory reaction and a mild foreign body reaction were found at day seven, and the foreign body reaction was prevalent at day 14. This study demonstrated that both adhesives were effective in obstructing the nasolacrimal ducts and points of rabbits and that their application and handling are easy and free of complications. However, both adhesives promoted inflammatory and foreign body reactions that evolved to repair and regeneration at day 14 of evaluation.
Effect of sorghum tannins in sheep fed with high-concentrate diets
Authors: Cabral Filho S.L.S. , Abdalla A.L. , Bueno I.C.S. , Gobbo S.P. , Oliveira A.A.M.
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of three sorghum cultivars with different concentrations of condensed tannins in sheep diets. Six adult sheep (LW=56kg) with rumen and duodenal fistulas were assigned to experimental groups using two 3x3 Latin Square designs. The diets were formulated using three sorghum cultivars: LTC (low-tannin cultivar), MTC (medium-tannin cultivar) and HTC (high-tannin cultivar). Microbial nitrogen (MN) concentration in the duodenum was measured using a 15N trace technique. LTC, MTC and HTC diets presented values of 788, 722 and 747 (SE=20.6) g kg-1 for dry matter digestibility and 633, 535 and 530 (SE=35.8) g/kg for crude protein digestibility. The LTC diet was significantly different from the other diets (P<0.05). The nitrogen balance was 145.5, 94.8 and 83.8g kg-1 (SE=13.0) for LTC, MTC and HTC, respectively, with LTC showing greater nitrogen retention (P<0.05). Values obtained for MN in the digesta were 301, 364 and 469 (SE=30.6) g kg-1 for LTC, MTC and HTC, respectively, and there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) between the diets. The presence of condensed tannins in the sorghum interfered with the sheep's nitrogen retention; however, the microbial protein supply to the duodenum of the animals was not inhibited.
Potencial probiótico in vitro de bactérias ácido-láticas isoladas de queijo-de-minas artesanal da Serra da Canastra, MG
Authors: Costa H.H.S. , Souza M.R. , Acúrcio L.B. , Cunha A.F. , Resende M.F.S. , Nunes Á.C.
Published: February 2014

O potencial probiótico in vitro de 12 amostras de bactérias ácido-láticas (11 Lactobacillus spp. e uma Weissella paramesenteroides), isoladas de queijo-de-minas artesanal da Serra da Canastra, foi investigado. Essas amostras foram caracterizadas in vitro quanto à susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos, antagonismo contra microrganismos de referência patogênicos e não patogênicos e sensibilidade a pH gástrico e sais biliares. Apenas L. rhamnosus B4, W. paramesenteroides C10 e L. rhamnosus D1 apresentaram resistência a menor número de antimicrobianos (ceftazidima, oxacilina, estreptomicina e vancomicina). Todas as amostras apresentaram atividade antagonista frente a todas as bactérias patogênicas testadas e não inibiram as bactérias não patogênicas. Todas as amostras foram resistentes ao pH gástrico (2.0). Alguns microrganismos mostraram pouca inibição do crescimento em presença de sais biliares, enquanto outros foram moderadamente ou altamente inibidos. L. rhamnosus B4, W. paramesenteroides C10 e L.rhamnosus D1 apresentaram o melhor potencial probiótico de acordo com os testes in vitro realizados.
In vitro probiotic potential of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from fermented milks
Authors: Cunha A.F. , Acurcio L.B. , Assis B.S. , Oliveira D.L.S. , Leite M.O. , Cerqueira M.M.O.P. , Souza M.R.
Published: February 2014

The potential of in vitro probiotic Lactobacillus spp. was evaluated in fermented milks marketed in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Of the samples analyzed, 86.7% had at least 10(6) CFU/mL of Lactobacillus spp., complying with the Brazilian quality standards for fermented milks. Furthermore, 56.7% had minimum count ranging from 10(8) to 10(9) CFU/mL, which is in accordance with legal parameters. The remaining 43.3% would not be able to satisfactorily guarantee benefits to consumers. The amount of Lactobacillus spp. varied between batches of products, which may indicate failures in monitoring during manufacture, transport or storage. All strains of Lactobacillus spp. showed some inhibitory activity against the indicator microorganisms, being more pronounced against pathogenic microorganisms than against non-pathogenic (P<0.05). Samples of Lactobacillus spp. showed different profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility, with an occurrence of cases of multidrug resistance. All strains tested showed sensitivity to bile salts (0.3%) and resistance to gastric pH (2.0). Lactobacillus spp. of commercial fermented milks should be present in higher amounts in some brands, be resistant to bile salts and have no multiple resistance to antimicrobials.
Habilidades sociais educativas de mães separadas e sua relação com o comportamento de pré-escolares
Authors: Boas Ana Carolina Villares Barral Villas , Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini
Published: February 2014

Este estudo teve por objetivo: (a) caracterizar uma amostra de mães e filhos, em famílias separadas, quanto às suas habilidades sociais; (b) investigar relações entre as habilidades sociais educativas das mães e o comportamento das crianças; e (c) comparar grupo clínico e não-clínico quanto ao repertório comportamental. Participaram da pesquisa 43 mães de crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre quatro e seis anos. As participantes responderam a um Questionário Sociodemográfico, Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais, Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL, Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas e Escala Infantil A2 de Rutter. Para análise de dados, empregaram-se os testes Spearman e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram que habilidades sociais educativas das mães estiveram relacionadas a habilidades sociais das crianças, enquanto práticas negativas foram relacionadas a problemas de comportamento. Discutem-se como as habilidades sociais maternas podem influenciar o comportamento dos filhos em famílias separadas.
Inserção em grupos formais e qualidade de vida entre adolescentes
Authors: Bueno Cheila de Oliveira , Strelhow Miriam Raquel Wachholz , Câmara Sheila Gonçalves
Published: February 2014

Este estudo avalia a relação entre afiliação a grupos formais e sexo e autoestima, satisfação com a vida e propósito de vida, conjuntamente, enquanto componentes da qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 748 estudantes do 1º ano do ensino médio, com idades entre 13 e 22 anos, alunos de escolas públicas estaduais de um município da grande Porto Alegre. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: Pil Test, Brief Life Satisfaction Scale e Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg. Os resultados apontam que as três dimensões avaliadas, conjuntamente, foram significativamente afetadas pela pertença a grupos (F(3, 698)=2,88, p<0,05), mas não por sexo. A qualidade de vida adolescente é melhor entre os jovens que participam de grupos formais. O estudo aponta para a participação em grupos formais como um indicativo de saúde positiva e um aspecto relevante para a promoção da saúde.