bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DE EMISSORA DE TELEVISÃO BRASILEIRA À EMPRESA MEDIATECH
Authors: Massarolo João Carlos , Mesquita Dario
Published: February 2025

As empresas televisivas estão passando por um processo de transformação digital, como se pode observar na transformação do Grupo Globo numa empresa de mediatech, com o objetivo de integrar tecnologicamente os departamentos criativos para, assim, personalizar os serviços oferecidos aos usuários. No modelo de uma empresa mediatech, a criação e produção de conteúdo não está mais vinculada aos diferentes canais e serviços, mas agregada à uma plataforma produtiva integradora, gerada por um projeto denominado Globotech - que envolve produção e entrega de conteúdo, negócios e inovação tecnológica. Portanto, nesse trabalho o termo Globotech designa o núcleo digital da organização como mediatech. Pretendemos assim, discutir a reestruturação das empresas e analisar suas interfaces internas e em relação a outras plataformas, visando o posicionamento do Globoplay como vitrine do Grupo Globo, a partir de sua rede de brasilidade.
PERCEPÇÕES DE EGRESSOS DE CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA SOBRE FORMAÇÃO E INSERÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Pinto Thiago Belchior , Gomes Suzana dos Santos
Published: February 2025

No contexto da expansão do Ensino Superior, a Educação a Distância (EaD) tornou-se uma realidade, possibilitando a democratização do ensino ao longo dos anos. Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a percepção de ex-alunos de cinco cursos de graduação EaD oferecidos por uma instituição pública federal. O estudo buscou identificar dados sobre a inserção profissional no mercado de trabalho. A metodologia incluiu revisão de literatura, análise documental, dados secundários de avaliação institucional e pesquisa de campo, surveys online e entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram desafios na inserção profissional inicial, avaliação positiva da formação recebida e a necessidade de superar obstáculos para garantir uma EaD de qualidade.
AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO EM CENA: análise de enquadramentos jornalísticos em textos opinativos do Estadão
Authors: Henriques Rafael Paes , Ott Síntia
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa os enquadramentos jornalísticos de 31 textos opinativos autorais do Estadão sobre o agronegócio brasileiro, publicados entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2020. A metodologia usada foram as quatro funções de enquadramento de Entman (1993) e os segmentos dos enquadramentos, segundo a classificação de Porto (2004), complementada pela análise das fontes e produtos agropecuários citados. Partiu-se das hipóteses de que, no corpus, o Estadão deu saliência e ênfase a enquadramentos que favorecem a imagem e os interesses do agronegócio; e que o setor não foi caracterizado como um problema no âmbito das funções de enquadramento, mas sim como uma solução. A primeira hipótese foi confirmada com ressalvas, e a segunda com totalidade.
EQUIDADE VERSUS IGUALITARISMO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Demo Pedro , Martins José Lauro
Published: February 2025

O igualitarismo e a equidade na educação tem sido amplamente debatido nas últimas décadas, levando ao uso proeminente do conceito de igualdade nas esferas política, econômica e, especialmente, educacional. Este conceito é multifacetado e buscamos estabelecer um diálogo que complemente os princípios de igualdade e equidade. Enfatizamos que a equidade se deve manifestar no processo, enquanto a igualdade deve ser refletida nos resultados. Acreditamos que a retórica igualitarista ajuda a atender as expectativas de famílias e alunos. No entanto, essa narrativa não elimina as disparidades existentes, e, em vez de uma hierarquia de desigualdades, há uma complementaridade entre elas. O objetivo desta discussão é facilitar a compreensão das narrativas relacionadas à igualdade de oportunidades no campo educacional.
O QUILOMBO É O MEU CORPO: A história pública transatlântica na poética de Beatriz Nascimento
Authors: Delfino Leonara Lacerda
Published: February 2025

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar fragmentos da poética de Maria Beatriz Nascimento, considerando suas práticas vivas de saberes emancipatórios forjados dentro e fora do espaço acadêmico. Nossa hipótese é que a ativista negra desenvolveu uma história pública decolonial engajada em múltiplos espaços, utilizando-se de diferentes linguagens (narrativas poéticas, cinematográficas, historiográficas, textos jornalísticos, discursos políticos, entrevistas orais, conferências, etc.) ao promover um debate público sobre a história da escravidão, reportando-se aos continuuns históricos (passados presentes) relacionados aos temas sensíveis como quilombo contemporâneo e memórias traumáticas da escravidão em que o corpo se configura como lugar de enunciação dos das atlanticidades e escrevivências afrodiaspóricas.
Buy now, pray later? Demystifying unrestrained spending in the age of BNPL
Authors: Furqan Farhan , Pangaribuan Christian Haposan , Tjhin Santo , Luhur Calista
Published: February 2025

Purpose – This research examines the relationship between intrinsic religiosity, financial literacy, intention to use BNPL, and their combined effect on the growing purchasing behavior of Jakarta’s youth.Design/methodology/approach – The study used a quantitative method with self-administered questionnaires provided to the target demographic in Jakarta. We also proposed a conceptual model that examines the connection between financial literacy and unrestrained purchasing behavior, intrinsic religiosity, and intention to use BNPL. Statistical techniques are applied to the collected data and for hypothesis testing. Findings – Initial results indicate that intrinsic religiosity and financial literacy are positively correlated, and research found a favorable correlation between the likelihood of unconstrained buying behavior and the intention to use BNPL.Research limitations/implications – Because a student sample was used and only a few respondents were included in the study, the findings may have wider applicability.Practical implications – The study emphasizes how important financial literacy is among young consumers, especially with relation to religious values and beliefs.Originality/value – While existing research rarely considers the specific influence of religious values, the novelty of the research lies in its focus on combining intrinsic religiosity and financial literacy when unrestrained buying behavior with Buy-Now-Pay-Later (BNPL) services.
Code Revival: Fluid Motion in a Curved Pipe
Authors: Basse Nils Tångefjord
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. The coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using a finite difference method. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solutions. Both the structure of streamwise (primary) and secondary flows are covered. The purpose of our paper is to make the code available as modern Fortran for the scientific community. The code runs quickly on modern hardware architectures and enables fast understanding of the physical effects included.
Integrating Electromagnetic Interactions into the QMM Framework
Authors: Neukart Florian , Vinokur Valerii , Marx Eike
Published: February 2025

We present a framework extending the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) principles, originally formulated to reconcile quantum mechanics and gravity, to the domain of electromagnetism. In this discretized space–time approach, Planck-scale quantum cells act as memory units that store information via local quantum imprints of field interactions. By introducing gauge-invariant imprint operators for the electromagnetic field, we maintain unitarity, locality, and the equivalence principle while encoding electromagnetic data directly into the fabric of space–time. This construction ensures that black hole evaporation, including for charged black holes, respects unitarity, with initially hidden quantum information emerging through subtle, non-thermal correlations in the emitted radiation. The QMM framework also imposes a natural ultraviolet cutoff, potentially modifying vacuum polarization and charge renormalization, and may imprint observable signatures in the cosmic microwave background or large-scale structures from primordial electromagnetic fields. Compared to other unification proposals, QMM does not rely on nonlocal processes or exotic geometries, favoring a local, covariant, and gauge-invariant mechanism. Although direct Planck-scale tests remain challenging, indirect observational strategies—ranging from gravitational wave analyses to laboratory analog experiments—could probe QMM-like phenomena and guide the development of a fully unified theory encompassing all fundamental interactions.
Vitamin D, Calcium to Magnesium Ratio, and the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Chambers Patrick
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiome has been the subject of increasing interest as integral to our health. Few realize that the enormous benefits of vitamin D (VD) and magnesium (Mg) are highly dependent on a healthy gut microbiome. Short chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, reflect not only a healthy gut microbiome but also VD status. Suboptimal VD, Mg, or butyrate translates to some degree of gut dysbiosis and vice versa. Mg dependent secondary bile acids, indoles, and tryptophan, all microbial metabolites and longevity agents, are also discussed. Mg is indispensable to not only the synthesis of the active form of VD but also that of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) from acetate. 7-DHC is the substrate for solar conversion to D3. The steadily increasing Ca:Mg in the Western diet and its ironic impact on parathormone (PTH) is discussed. Gut dysbiosis further complicates this. Biochemical and physiologic interlinkages are legion and most remain hidden. This limited mini review exposes insight into the tight linkage between 25(OH)D and Ca:Mg, facilitated by the gut microbiome. A model incorporating the physiologically discordant but reinforcing effects on this linkage based on genes, culture, socioeconomic status, and diet that also addresses the seemingly contradictory reports regarding calcium (Ca), Mg, and VD efficacy is proposed. The balance between Ca and Mg is at the heart of the global epidemic of insulin resistance. A reliable method for estimating intracellular Mg++ is also proposed. A primary goal of this paper is to awaken the global public to not only the inadequacy of the RDA for Mg dependent vitamin D but also to that for the RDAs for Mg and Ca. Using generally accepted serum reference ranges, the difference between RBC Mg and plasma Mg, and basic physiology, one can both uncover the serious shortfall involving all three and unequivocally demonstrate the significant health risks linked to an out of range Ca:Mg. Conclusions are observational not experimental.
Smart Building Technologies for Fire Rescue: A QR Code Enabled Notification System
Authors: Kuo Tzu-Wen , Lin Ching-Yuan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to shorten firefighter search times during indoor fires, allowing more people to be rescued, by enhancing disaster prevention capabilities using building technologies. In indoor fires, fatalities are often caused by the failure of firefighters to rescue individuals in a timely manner. The question of how to effectively increase the probability of survival while waiting for rescue behind closed doors warrants in-depth research and analysis. Therefore, to ensure that people live in safe environments, there is an urgent need to develop a building door panel material with an emergency call function to prevent such incidents from occurring. Utilizing the PRISMA method, we conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature to identify the key issues and limitations associated with the current search-and-rescue techniques. Subsequently, the identified primary factors were analyzed using the TRIZ method to determine the key factors that influence the success of rescuing trapped individuals, and a notification system was designed to address this issue. Based on the premise that it is advisable to wait for rescue during a fire, we utilized a smartphone to scan a QR code and transmit the exact location information to the fire department. Through extensive participation and feedback from firefighters, we developed a rescue notification door panel and obtained a patent for it. This system can significantly reduce the time required for search-and-rescue operations in fire incidents. The experimental results show a reduction of one-third in search times.
Development of Structural Type Mortars Reinforced with Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Fiber: Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Monsalve-Arias Mónica-Johanna , Higuera-Cobos Oscar-Fabián , Pedraza-Yepes Cristian  Antonio
Published: February 2025

In this research, structural type mortars reinforced with coconut fibers were elaborated. These fibers were previously treated with linseed oil and paraffin wax. The fibers were cut to lengths of 1, 2 and 5 cm, and weighed, in order to obtain a ratio of 0.5 % and 1 % weight with respect to the amount of cement. The fibers were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). In addition, the chemical resistance of the fibers was evaluated by exposing them to a concentrated Ca (OH)2 solution that simulated the alkaline medium of cement. The fiber-reinforced mortars were mechanically characterized by compression and flexural tests, which were performed at 7, 21 and 28 days after processing. In this paper, the effect of the hydrophobic substance used to protect the fiber against the alkaline medium of the cement, the length of the fiber and the percentage by weight of the fiber on the compressive and flexural strength of the mortars were studied. The results showed that the highest compressive and flexural strength were obtained with the composites reinforced with coconut fiber of volume 0.5%, length of 1 cm and paraffin wax as impregnation substance.
The Promise of Lead-free Perovskites: Can They Replace Toxic Alternatives in Solar Cells and Lead the Future?
Authors: Nematov Dilshod , Raufov Iskandar , Ashurov Anushervon , Sattorzoda Sakhidod , Najmiddinov Tehron , Nazriddinzoda Saidjon , Umarzoda Mufazala , Yusupova Khonumgul
Published: February 2025

Lead-free perovskites have garnered significant attention as a promising alternative to traditional toxic Pb-containing materials in solar cells. Although lead-based perovskites have achieved high solar energy conversion efficiencies (>25%), their contamination and environmental risks limit their commercial application. Materials based on tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and germanium (Ge) exhibit the potential to replace lead-based perovskites due to their similar optical and electrochemical properties and lower toxicity. However, key challenges remain, including their lower stability, susceptibility to oxidation (notably Sn2+), and reduced efficiency compared to Pb-based materials. This article reviews recent advancements in the synthesis of lead-free perovskites, methods for improving their structural and functional properties, and their prospects for application in solar cells. The presented review consolidates data on the photovoltaic efficiency, stability, durability, and environmental safety of lead-free perovskites. It discusses their future market potential, emphasizing their environmental friendliness, wide applicability in solar cells, light-emitting devices, neuromorphic systems for artificial intelligence, and microelectronics, as well as scalable production methods that have been developed.The need for further research to optimize their properties and scale up technologies for industrial applications is highlighted.The analysis demonstrates that lead-free perovskites hold substantial promise as a foundation for the next generation of solar cells, providing an environmentally clean and sustainable solution for renewable energy. Nonetheless, addressing the technological challenges related to their stability and scalability is critical for unlocking their full potential.
A Survey on Computing-in-Memory (CiM) and Emerging Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) Simulators
Authors: Maurer John Taylor , Ahmed Ahmed Mamdouh Mohamed , Khorrami Parsa , Moon Sabrina Hassan , Reis Dayane Alfenas
Published: February 2025

Modern computer applications have become highly data-intensive, giving rise to an increase in data traffic between the processor and memory units. Computing-in-Memory (CiM) has shown great promise as a solution to this aptly named Von Neumann bottleneck problem by enabling computation within the memory unit and thus reducing data traffic. Many simulation tools in the literature have been proposed to enable design space exploration (DSE) of these novel computer architectures, as researchers are in need of these tools to test their designs prior to fabrication. This paper presents a collection of classical, nonvolatile memory (NVM) and CiM simulation tools to showcase their capabilities as presented in their respective works. We provide an in-depth overview of DSE, emerging NVM device technologies, and popular CiM architectures. We organize the simulation tools by design-level scopes with respect to their focus on the devices, circuits, architectures, systems/algorithms, and applications they support. We conclude this work by identifying the gaps within the simulation space.
An Introduction to the Semantic Information G Theory and Applications
Authors: Lu Chenguang
Published: February 2025

Does semantic communication require a semantic information theory parallel to Shannon's information theory, or can Shannon's work be generalized for semantic communication? This paper advocates for the latter and introduces the semantic information G theory (with "G" denoting generalization). The core approach involves replacing the distortion constraint with the semantic constraint, achieved by utilizing a set of truth functions as a semantic channel. These truth functions enable the expression of semantic distortion, semantic information measures, and semantic information loss. Notably, the maximum semantic information criterion is shown to be equivalent to the maximum likelihood criterion and parallels the Regularized Least Squares criterion. The G theory is compatible with machine learning methodologies, offering enhanced capabilities for handling latent variables, often addressed through Variational Bayes. This paper systematically presents the generalization of Shannon's information theory into the G theory and its wide-ranging applications. The applications involve semantic communication, machine learning, constraint control, Bayesian confirmation, portfolio theory, and information value. Furthermore, insights from statistical physics are discussed: Shannon information is equated to free energy, semantic information to the free energy of local equilibrium systems, and information efficiency to the efficiency of free energy in performing work. The paper also proposes refining Friston's minimum free energy principle into the maximum information efficiency principle. Lastly, it discusses the limitations of the G theory in representing the semantics of complex data.
A Machine Learning-Driven Geophysical–Geotechnical Approach for Improved Engineering Site Assessment
Authors: Dick Mbuotidem , Bery Andy , Akingboye Adedibu , Aka Mfoniso , Gnapragasan Joseph , Bala Gabriel , Moses Erukaa , Okonna Nsidibe
Published: February 2025

Subsurface geological formations are vital for validating deep engineering design assumptions, particularly in weathered terrains where unstable ground conditions pose risks. Geophysical investigations often face challenges due to inverse problem uncertainties and inadequate subsurface data. While resistivity and seismic P-wave velocity (Vp) imaging offer valuable insights, subsurface complexity necessitates integrated approaches for reliable characterization. This study introduces a machine learning-assisted geophysical–geotechnical framework combining electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, and borehole-based standard penetration tests (SPT-N). ML optimization metrics, including k-means clustering, PCA, Silhouette, elbow, and supervised linear regression, enhance analytical precision. A field survey over an 800 m segment in Kabota-Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia, utilized 490 collocated resistivity–Vp datasets to optimize cluster identification and interpretation accuracy. The analysis delineated four lithological units based on resistivity and Vp variations correlating with surface-subsurface properties. Clustering demonstrated strong performance, with an R² value approaching 1, a Silhouette score of 0.78, and an 88% reduction in the sum of square errors. Vulnerable zones, including weathered layers, fractures, and faults, were identified as critical for geotechnical consideration. In contrast, relatively weathered bedrock with hard-to-very-hard properties was deemed optimal for deep structural foundations requiring minimal reinforcement. This non-invasive approach enhances subsurface characterization, offering a reliable framework for construction site suitability and groundwater resource identification. It provides significant value for sedimentary regions with similar geological settings, advancing geotechnical and environmental planning.
Various Phenotypes of Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue in Children: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Matran Roxana Elena , Diaconu Andra Mihaela , Neagu Oana , Ulmeanu Alexandru Ioan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Ectopic pancreatic tissue (EPT), an infrequently documented condition within the pediatric population, is often asymptomatic. When clinical manifestations do occur, their severity is contingent upon the location, size, and involvement of the adjacent mucosa. Methods: This is a case series study, involving children aged 15 days – 13 years diagnosed with EPT from one single institution. Results: Six cases of EPT were identified. Five of the 6 cases presented with both EPT and ectopic gastric tissue, located at the site of Meckel’s diverticulum, while 1 case presented EPT exclusively and it was localized in the duodenum I. A case of Littre’s hernia was identified in a newborn. Two of the 6 cases experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions: The identification of EPT continues to pose a diagnostic challenge, as the symptoms are nonspecific and can sometimes be life-threatening. Additionally, there are currently no specific paraclinical investigations available for this purpose.
Catalytic Conversion of Sugars from Coffee Waste and Xylose into Furfural over Fe/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Suárez Kevin René , Cortés-Ortiz William Giovanni , Guerrero-Fajardo Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

Solid Fe catalysts supported on SiO2 with Lewis and Brönsted acidity were synthesized using the sol-gel methodology. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET isotherms, and SEM characterized the materials. Subsequently, they were used to dehydrate xylose to obtain furfural. It was observed that increasing the metal loading from 0.5 % to 1.5 % by mass increases the selectivity to furfural up to 40.09 %; in addition to this, it was observed that the calcination temperature has an effect concerning the conversion since the materials calcined at 450 °C present higher xylose conversion concerning the materials calcined at 750 °C. Finally, it was observed that the catalysts are active and effective in obtaining furfural from hydrolysates obtained from hydrothermal treatments of the residual biomass of the coffee crop, obtaining an average of 9.11 mg/g of furfural per gram of biomass.
Fixed Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces
Authors: Precup Radu , Stan Andrei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we extend the concept of b-metric spaces to the vectorial case, where the distance is vector-valued, and the constant in the triangle inequality axiom is replaced by a matrix. For such spaces, we establish results analogous to those in the b-metric setting: fixed-point theorems, stability results, and a variant of Ekeland’s variational principle. As a consequence, we also derive a variant of Caristi’s fixed-point theorem.
The Bioinorganic Chemistry of the First Row d-Block Metal Ions – An Introduction
Authors: Marques Helder M
Published: February 2025

In a review intended as an introduction to bioinorganic chemistry for the senior undergraduate and novice postgraduate student, the role played in biological systems by the metals of the first row of the d block is examined using selective and illustrative examples and highlighting current thinking in the field.
Relationship between Magnesium Intake and Peripheral Neuropathy in US Adults: 1999–2004 Nationala Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Xue Jing , Tian Gang , Xie Zhaohui , Xiao Zhengjun
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Previous studies have reported that low magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with a high incidence of peripheral neuropathy (PN). We aimed to examine the relationship between Mg intake and PN in a large, representative cohort of US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: This study used cross-sectional data of 7,997 participants of the NHANES between 1999 and 2004, excluding those younger than 40 years, to collect detailed information on PN, dietary Mg intake, and other important variables. Of the 7,997 participants, 1,678 (21%) had PN and 6,319 (79.0%) did not have PN. The participants were categorized according to their Mg intake: Q1, ≤2.2 mg/kg; Q2, 2.4–4.3 mg/kg; Q3, 3.4–4.3 mg/kg; Q4, ≥4.4 mg/kg. Results: Regarding the association between dietary Mg intake and PN, the corrected odds ratios were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.93; p = 0.006), 0.68 (95% CI,0.56–0.81; p < 0.001), and 0.6 (95% CI, 0.49–0.75;p < 0.001) for the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively, when compared with the Q1 group. The association between dietary Mg intake and PN showed a linear curve (p = 0.148). Conclusion: Increased dietary Mg intake may reduce the incidence of PN; however, no upper limit for Mg intake has been identified.
A Case of Rare Letterer-Siwe Disease and a Literature Review
Authors: Li Yinlin , Xia Zhi
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a 1-month-old and 23-day-old male infant who was admitted with anorexia, cough, and respiratory distress. Upon admission, CT revealed exacerbated bilateral pulmonary inflammation, the formation of pulmonary bullae, and multi-organ involvement, including the liver and pancreas. A skin biopsy supported the diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH). Further evaluation confirmed Letterer-Siwe disease, categorizing the patient into the high-risk group, and initial chemotherapy was initiated according to the SCMC-LCH-2018 protocol. After three months of inpatient treatment, the infant was discharged against medical advice and subsequent follow-up confirmed mortality. This report discusses the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Letterer-Siwe disease in the context of this case.
Dermatoscopic Patterns in Mycosis Fungoides: Observations from a Case-series Retrospective Analysis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Zengarini Corrado , Tugnoli Federica , Natale Alessio , Mussi Martina , Clarizio Giacomo , Agostinelli Claudio , Sabattini Elena , Corrà Alberto , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Pileri Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Background: Dermoscopy, a non-invasive diagnostic tool, is increasingly used to evaluate cutaneous T-cell lymphomas such as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS). However, its diagnostic accuracy and role in staging remain underexplored.
Objective: This study aimed to assess dermoscopic patterns in MF and SS, correlating findings with disease stages and lesion types to evaluate diagnostic utility.
Methods: A retrospective, monocentric analysis was conducted on patients with histologically confirmed MF or SS. Dermoscopic images were evaluated for vascular patterns, pigmentation, scaling, and keratin plugs. Statistical analysis assessed correlations with TNMB staging and lesion types.
Results: All lesions were pigment-free, with vascular patterns being the predominant dermoscopic feature. Linear vessels (40%) and serpentine vessels (13.3%) were most common. Scaling, observed in 76.7% of lesions, showed diffuse or perifollicular distribution. No statistically significant correlations were found between dermoscopic features, TNMB stages, or lesion types. Cluster analysis suggested variability but no definitive patterns for disease staging.
Conclusion: Dermoscopy reveals consistent vascular patterns but lacks sensitivity for staging MF and SS. More significant prospective studies with standardised descriptors are needed to refine its diagnostic and staging utility. Histopathological confirmation remains essential for accurate diagnosis.
Pathology of Free-Living Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) Embryos on the Island of Linosa (Italy)
Authors: Scaglione Frine Eleonora , Cuccato Matteo , Longato Erica , Pregel Paola , Zucca Daniele , Nannarelli Stefano , De Lucia Alessandra , Pilia Marco , Manuali Elisabetta , Gobbi Marco , Bollo Enrico , Appino Simonetta
Published: February 2025

On the beach of Linosa Island (Italy), forty-three loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) unhatched eggs were recovered from nests, formalin-fixed and necropsied. The tissue samples were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Grocott, von Kossa, Periodic Ac-id-Schiff (PAS), and Movat pentachrome stains. Histologically, vacuolar degeneration (100.0%) and increased numbers of melanomacrophages (18.6%) in the liver, and edema (14.0%) in the lungs were observed. Twenty-five kidneys (58.1%) showed deposition of blue amorphous material with HE staining, which also appeared PAS-positive and black with von Kossa staining, allowing a diagnosis of calcium oxalate, confirmed by transmis-sion electron microscopy. The hepatic lesions may be indicative of toxicosis, infection, or a defense mechanism. A statistically significant association between the nest position and renal calculosis was observed. Renal calculosis was probably due to the exceptionally high summer temperatures, which were statistically higher compared to the temperatures recorded in the previous two years.
Matrillin-2 with K-Chitosan Scaffold Enhances Functional Recovery and Nerve Regeneration in a Segmental Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model
Authors: Li Neill Yun , Vorrius Brandon , Rebello Elliott Vance , Ge Jonathan , Mohite Amit , Qiao Zhen , Ding Jing , Chen Qian
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Previous work in our lab demonstrated that a 3D scaffold containing lysine-modified chitosan (K-chitosan) and decorated with Matrilin-2 (MATN2) enhances Schwann cell (SC) migration and axonal outgrowth in vitro and ex-vivo. This study aimed to assess the regenerative effect of this scaffold compared to a collagen conduit and autograft using a segmental rat sciatic nerve injury model. Methods: 30 Lewis Rats were assigned to three groups: untreated collagen conduit (UC), collagen conduit treated with MATN2 K-chitosan (TC), and reverse autograft (RA). Walking force measurements, compound muscle action potential (CMAP), wet muscle weight of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, and axonal histomorphometry were assessed. Results: Walking force and CMAP were significantly higher in the TC group compared to the UC group (p=0.0035 and p=0.044, respectively), with no significant difference between TC and RA groups. Muscle weights were significantly greater in the TC group compared to UC (p=0.0202) but smaller than RA (p=0.003). The TC group resulted in significantly greater axonal regeneration compared to UC (p=0.0331) and no differences with RA (p=0.994). TC further demonstrated significantly greater cell counts than UC (p=0.0074) and greater Schwann cell affinity towards nerve reconstruction (p=0.0064). Conclusion: The MATN2 K-chitosan scaffold significantly improved nerve regeneration and was comparable to the RA group, supporting the development of a novel bio-conductive scaffold conduit.
Ab initio investigation of the stability, electronic, mechanical, and transport properties of a new double Half-Heusler alloys Ti2Pt2ZSb (Z = Al, Ga, In)
Authors: Soltanbek Nurgul S. , Merali Nurpeiis , Sagatov Nursultan E , Abuova Fatima U. , Elsts Edgars , Abuova Aisulu U. , Khovaylo Vladimir , Inerbaev Talgat , Konuhova Marina , Popov Anatoli I.
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the structural, electronic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of double half-Heusler compounds with the generic formula Ti2Pt2ZSb (Z = Al, Ga, and In) using density functional theory calculations. The generalized gradient approximation within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional was employed for structural optimization and the hybrid HSE06 functional for electronic properties. Our results demonstrate that these compounds are energetically favorable, dynamically and mechanically stable. Electronic structure calculations reveal that Ti2Pt2AlSb double half-Heusler compound is a non-magnetic semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.49 eV, while Ti2Pt2GaSb and Ti2Pt2InSb are non-magnetic semiconductors with direct bandgaps of 1.40 eV. The alloys exhibit low lattice thermal conductivity (2.35–2.66 W/mK) and high melting temperature (1211–1248 K), making them promising candidates for high-technological applications. Further performed analysis, including phonon dispersion curves, electron localization function (ELF), and Bader charge analysis, provides insights into the bonding character and vibrational properties of these materials.
Mirtazapine as a Potential Therapy for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (Long COVID): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Altable Marcos
Published: February 2025

Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), also known as Long COVID, is a multifaceted condition characterized by persistent fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that serotonergic system disruption plays a central role in PCS pathophysiology, with reduced serotonin levels linked to chronic inflammation, platelet hyperactivity, and altered tryptophan metabolism. This review explores the potential therapeutic role of mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant that antagonizes 5-HT₂ and 5-HT₃ receptors while blocking α₂-adrenergic autoreceptors, leading to enhanced serotonin and norepinephrine release. Mirtazapine’s pharmacological properties extend beyond mood stabilization, encompassing sleep regulation, neuroplasticity promotion, and anti-inflammatory effects. By modulating serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission, it may alleviate key PCS symptoms such as cognitive impairment, chronic fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, its neuroprotective role in preventing neuronal apoptosis and mitigating neuroinflammation makes it a promising candidate for addressing the long-term neurological consequences of PCS. Despite its potential, clinical trials evaluating mirtazapine in PCS are lacking, necessitating well-designed studies to assess its efficacy and safety. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mirtazapine’s mechanisms of action, its impact on neuroimmune interactions, and its potential advantages over conventional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the context of PCS. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies to establish mirtazapine as a viable therapeutic option for PCS management.
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Light Quality-mediated Regulation of Adventitious Shoot Proliferation in Chinese Fir
Authors: Chen Meixiang , Xu Shanshan , Ye Yiquan , Lin Kaimin , Lan Weili , Cao Guangqiu
Published: February 2025

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is an important fast-growing tree species for timber production and ecological protection in China. Tissue culture is a key method for fast-propagating Chinese fir seedlings, but the technique is hindered by low proliferation rate and poor seedling quality. Light quality plays a crucial role in influencing seedling proliferation and growth, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses to investigate how light qualities regulate adventitious shoot proliferation and growth in tissue-cultured Chinese fir seedlings. Seedlings were grown under red, green, blue, and composite light-emitting diode (LED) conditions, with white light serving as the control. The results showed that blue light and blue-dominant composite light significantly enhanced adventitious shoot proliferation by promoting higher levels of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK), with gibberellin (GA) strongly enhancing the proliferation under blue light. These light conditions also enhanced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, thereby promoting biomass accumulation, and highlighting the significant regulatory effects of light quality on growth. In contrast, red light promoted shoot height, leaf area, and carotenoid content, likely due to elevated GA and reduced IAA and CTK levels but inhibited proliferation due to hormonal imbalances. Green light increased abscisic acid (ABA) levels, counteracting the proliferation-promoting effect of zeatin riboside (ZR) and suppressing shoot growth. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses identified key pathways involved in light quality-mediated regulation, including plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, and flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified four key genes regulated by light quality that further modulated hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction. The genes PSBS (encoding photosystem II protein) and FTSH (encoding cell division protease) were crucial for photosynthesis, proliferation, and biomass accumulation. GID1 (encoding gibberellin receptor) was essential for shoot height and leaf area expansion, and GST (encoding glutathione S-transferase) played a key role in carotenoid biosynthesis and stress tolerance of adventitious shoots. Differential expression of GA- and CTK-related genes, such as GID1, DELLA (GA negative regulator), B-ARR and A-ARR (Arabidopsis response regulators), underscored the pivotal role of light quality in regulating hormonal pathways. This research provided valuable insights for optimizing Chinese fir seedling proliferation and growth, and would ultimately contribute to sustainable plantation management.
Detecting Financial Fraud in Listed Companies via a CNN-Transformer Framework
Authors: Yu Qian , Yin Yuchen , Zhou Shicheng , Mu Huailing , Hu Zhuohuan
Published: February 2025

Financial fraud in listed companies has grown increasingly complex, challenging traditional detection methods. This paper introduces the Transformer-style Convolutional Neural Network (CNN-Transformer), a unified architecture that integrates CNNs' capability for localized feature extraction with Transformers' strength in capturing long-range contextual dependencies. CNN-TRANSFORMER employs large-kernel convolutions and a self-attention mechanism to enhance feature interaction while maintaining computational efficiency via a linear-complexity Hadamard product approach. Evaluated on a dataset from China's A-share market, CNN-TRANSFORMER outperforms models like ResNet, MLP, and standalone CNNs or Transformers in accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC. The model's capacity to simultaneously extract localized features and model comprehensive contextual relationships enables robust detection of sophisticated fraudulent patterns. This research underscores the potential of CNN-Transformer hybrids in financial fraud detection, offering a scalable and interpretable AI solution. Future work may focus on integrating unstructured data, improving transparency, and optimizing efficiency for broader applications.
Ca-, Li-, and Cu-salicylatoborates for applications in Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Marabello Domenica , Benzi Paola , Canepa Carlo , Cioci Alma
Published: February 2025

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy is a re-emerging therapy for the treatment of cancer, and the development of new neutron-reactive nuclei carriers with enhanced efficiency is of great importance. In this work we propose three new boron-based solid compounds, of formula [Ca(H2O)6](C14H8O6B)2 (CaSB), [Cu(C14H8O6B)] (CuSB), and [Li(C14H8O6B)(H2O)] (LiSB), usable as nanoparticles for the carriage of the 10B isotope. The copper atom in CuSB was introduced because it is known that its presence magnifies the effect of the radiation into cells. Furthermore, the lithium atom in LiSB allows to include also the 6Li isotope, that can take part in the nuclear reactions enhancing the efficiency of the anti-cancer treatment. The compounds were characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction, to compare the densities of the reactive isotopes in the materials, a key parameter related to the efficiency of the materials.
In this work, we used a computational method to calculate the dose absorbed by a tumor mass treated with nanoparticles of the compounds, in order to select the most efficient one for the therapy. The encouraging results are reported in this work.
A Study on Force/Position Hybrid Control Strategy for Eight-Axis Robotic Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Yu Yue
Published: February 2025

In aerospace and new-energy vehicle manufacturing, there is a growing need for high-quality joining of large, curved aluminum alloy structures. This study proposes a robotic friction stir welding (RFSW) system employing force/position hybrid control. An eight-axis linkage platform integrates an electric spindle, multi-dimensional force sensors, and a laser displacement sensor, ensuring precise robot–positioner trajectory coordination. By combining large-range constant displacement with small-range constant pressure—supplemented by an adaptive transition algorithm—the system regulates axial stirring depth and downward force. Experiments confirmed that this approach effectively compensates for robotic flexibility, keeping weld depth and pressure deviations within 5% and significantly improving seam quality. Further welding verification was conducted on typical curved panels for aerospace applications, results demonstrated strong adaptability under high-load, multi-DOF conditions with no observed cracks. This research could support advance the field toward more robust, automated, and adaptive RFSW solutions for aerospace, automotive, and other high-end manufacturing applications.
Critical Perspective on Invalidation-Responsive Materials for Safe Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Hang-Yu , He Jian-Hong , Gao Shang , Cao Xuan , Li Cheng-Hui , Zhang Qing , Gao Jia-Liang , Yao Yong-Zheng , Zhai Chuan-Wei , Hu Zhong-Chun , Zhu Hong-Qing , Kang Rong-Xue
Published: February 2025

During the global energy transition, electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage systems are rapidly gaining popularity, leading to a strong demand for lithium battery technology with high energy density and long lifespan. However, the highly integrated components, such as flammable polymers, organic electrolytes, and high energy density electrodes, make the batteries susceptible to thermal runaway (TR) under abuse conditions, resulting in fire and explosion incidents. The key approach to ensure the safe operation of LIBs including detecting and responding to thermal runaway characteristic parameters, that enables premature response window for disaster incidents and interruption of disaster propagation chain. This paper begins with the development characteristics of thermal runaway in lithium batteries and provides a review of research progress in areas such as the design principle in key battery components especially for polymers, multi-parameter responsive characteristics, and mechanisms for blocking thermal runaway. It analyzes the challenges faced by inorganic and organic materials based on multi-parameter responses in the fields of thermal response and thermal runaway suppression, and it looks ahead to research directions in the design and application of intelligent safety materials in new battery systems and complex scenarios. The findings aim to provide scientific guidance for promoting the design and application of high-safety lithium batteries.
Water Body Detection Using Sentinel-2 Imagery Through Particle Swarm Intelligence: A Novel Framework for Optimizing Spectral Multi-Band Index
Authors: Abrahim Baydaa Ismail , Jasim Ammar Abd , Mahmood Mohammed Riyadh , Mahmood Hassanein Riyadh , Alawan Hayder A. , Mohammed Malik M.
Published: February 2025

Water body detection from satellite imagery is still challenging due to spectral confusion and the limitation of traditional water indices. This paper proposes a new approach by incorporating Particle Swarm Optimization with a Spectral Multi-Band Water Index for enhanced detection of water bodies using Sentinel-2 imagery. The proposed approach optimizes the coefficients of seven Sentinel-2 bands (Blue, Green, NIR, NIR-Narrow, Water Vapor, SWIR1, and SWIR2) using an intelligent PSO with adaptive inertia weight and early stopping mechanisms. This work strategy proposes a new fitness function that applies dynamic thresholding and target-based optimization, allowing it to calibrate precisely to the local characteristics of the water body. The performance of PSO-SMBWI was evaluated against traditional water indices, including NDWI, MNDWI, and AWEI. The results indicate that PSO-SMBWI has the highest accuracy, which exactly coincides with the ground truth of water coverage (12.12%), while NDWI, MNDWI, and AWEI have deviations of +1.24%, +0.53%, and +12.15%, respectively. The proposed method automatically handles multi-resolution band integration in 10m, 20m, and 60m and eliminates manual threshold tuning. Furthermore, our consensus-based validation approach ensures robust performance verification. Its effectiveness is due to its adaptive optimization framework and comprehensive spectral analysis. Hence, it is most suitable for any geographical context on the ground for highly accurate water body mapping. This research contributes a lot to the area of remote sensing by introducing an automated, highly accurate, and very computationally efficient approach to water body detection.
AI-Driven Optimization of Drug Synthesis Pathways
Authors: Cit Abi , Elly Billy , Alam Dastgir
Published: February 2025

The optimization of drug synthesis pathways is a critical challenge in pharmaceutical research, requiring efficient strategies to enhance yield, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in this domain, leveraging machine learning, reinforcement learning, and generative models to predict optimal reaction conditions, streamline multi-step synthesis, and identify novel synthetic routes. This study explores AI-driven methodologies for optimizing drug synthesis pathways, focusing on data-driven retrosynthetic analysis, reaction prediction models, and high-throughput screening simulations. By integrating AI with cheminformatics and quantum chemistry simulations, the research aims to accelerate the drug development process, improve reaction efficiency, and reduce reliance on trial-and-error experimentation. The findings highlight the potential of AI in revolutionizing pharmaceutical synthesis, ultimately leading to more sustainable and cost-effective drug production.