bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, antitumor potential, and investigation of mechanism of action of copper(ii) complexes with acylpyruvates as ligands: interactions with biomolecules and kinetic study
Authors: Joksimović Nenad , Petronijević Jelena , Radisavljević Snežana , Petrović Biljana , Mihajlović Kristina , Janković Nenad , Milović Emilija , Milivojević Dušan , Ilić Bojana , Djurić Ana
Published: October 2022

Considering the urgency of finding a cure for vicious diseases such as tumors, we have synthesized and characterized a small series of new copper(ii) complexes with biologically important ligands such as acylpyruvate.
Continuous conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol by transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by copper deposited in a monolith reactor
Authors: Li Tiefu , Liu Jiaming , Li Zipeng , Zhang Peng , Yao Yunlong , Sun Zhichao , Wang Yao , Liu Ying-Ya , Wang Anjie
Published: October 2022

A polymer monolith catalytic reactor, which is fabricated by anchoring –SO3H groups on the surface of the fibers and by depositing Cu species, exhibits outstanding performance and high stability in continuous transfer hydrogenation of furfural.
Critical stresses in mechanochemical reactions
Authors: Rana Resham , Hopper Nicholas , Sidoroff François , Tysoe Wilfred T.
Published: October 2022

The rates of mechanochemical reactions are generally found to increase exponentially with applied stress.
Cardiolipin, and not monolysocardiolipin, preferentially binds to the interface of complexes III and IV
Authors: Corey Robin A. , Harrison Noah , Stansfeld Philllp J. , Sansom Mark S. P. , Duncan Anna L.
Published: October 2022

Cardiolipin interacts more strongly than a disease-related lipid, monolysocardiolipin, at the interface of Complex III and Complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes.
Ultrabright AIEdots with tunable narrow emission for multiplexed fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhou Xiaobo , Zhao Lingfeng , Zhang Ke , Yang Chaojie , Li Shijie , Kang Xiaoxia , Li Guo , Wang Qi , Ji Haiwei , Wu Mingmin , Liu Jinxia , Qin Yuling , Wu Li
Published: October 2022

AIEdots with high brightness and narrow emission bandwidth were developed for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging.
Historical perspective on ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer and survey of enantioselective hydrogen auto-transfer processes for the conversion of lower alcohols to higher alcohols
Authors: Ortiz Eliezer , Shezaf Jonathan Z. , Shen Weijia , Krische Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen auto-transfer reactions for the direct enantioselective conversion of lower alcohols to higher alcohols are surveyed. A brief historical perspective on ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer is given.
Host miRNAs as biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a critical review
Authors: Pollet Kato , Garnier Nathalie , Szunerits Sabine , Madder Annemieke , Hober Didier , Engelmann Ilka
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to miRNA expression changes in body fluids of COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes data on miRNAs that change expression during COVID-19 and can potentially be used as biomarkers for COVID-19 and/or disease severity.
Improved performance of perovskite solar cellsviacombining Pb–Sn alloying with the passivation effect of SnI2
Authors: Hu Hangyu , Li Yu , Wang Mengxin , Feng Yan , Rong Yanjing , Shen Zhitao , Li Huilin , Li Fumin , Chen Chong
Published: October 2022

An improved strategy is proposed by introducing SnI2to improve the performance of Pb-based PSCs, which is due to the defect passivation effect and the formation of Sn–Pb alloying perovskite.
Local structural distortions and reduced thermal conductivity in Ge-substituted chalcopyrite
Authors: Tippireddy Sahil , Azough Feridoon , Vikram  , Bhui Animesh , Chater Philip , Kepaptsoglou Demie , Ramasse Quentin , Freer Robert , Grau-Crespo Ricardo , Biswas Kanishka , Vaqueiro Paz , Powell Anthony V.
Published: October 2022

Pair-distribution-function analysis of X-ray total-scattering data for CuFe1−xGexS2 reveals a local structural distortion induced by the lone-pair of Ge2+. The resulting strain reduces thermal conductivity and improves thermoelectric performance.
Overcoming the limitations of low-bandgap Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4devices under indoor light conditions: from design to prototype IoT application
Authors: Karade Vijay C. , Lim Jihoo , Gour Kuldeep Singh , Jang Jun Sung , Shin So Jeong , Kim Jong H. , Yang Bum Seung , Choi Hyuntae , Enkhbat Temujin , Kim JunHo , Yun Jae Sung , Jang Hae Nam , Yun Jae Ho , Park Jongsung , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: October 2022

The present work reveals kesterite-based solar cell device performance under indoor light conditions and a real-time prototype module demonstration.
Rational catalyst design for spatial separation of charge carriers in a multi-component photocatalyst for effective hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xia Mingyu , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhang Yingguang , Pan Wending , Leung Dennis Y. C.
Published: October 2022

This manuscript comprehensively reviews the effect of spatial separation of charge carriers and novel strategies to achieve spatially separated active sites for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over different photocatalyst systems.
Defect-type AlOxnanointerface boosting layered Mn-based oxide cathode for wide-temperature sodium-ion battery
Authors: Ma Zelin , Xu Hanxue , Liu Yunxuan , Zhang Qian , Wang Mengtong , Lin Yuchen , Li Zhuo , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Lei Zhibin , Li Qi , Yang Longhai , Liu Zong-huai
Published: October 2022

A defect-type AlOxnanointerface containing Al2+has been constructed on the surface of NaMn0.6Al0.4O2by surface segregation and reconstruction, which exhibits excellent Na-storage performance as the cathode of SIBs over a wide temperature range.
Unraveling the amine oxidative coupling activity of hierarchical porous Fe–N4–O1 single-atom catalysts: oxygen atom-mediated dual reaction pathway
Authors: He Hongwei , Ma Kui , Liu Huibin , Li Jing , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin , Peng Wenchao , Ji Junyi , Li Yang
Published: October 2022

Fe–NC with Fe–N4–O1 active sites exhibits splendid catalytic activity toward the selective oxidation of amines. A possible mechanism combining the oxidative pathway and ROS pathway in the presence of Fe–NC is proposed.
Realization of a self-powered Cu2O ozone gas sensor through the lateral photovoltaic effect
Authors: Huang Chun-Ying , He Xin-Rong , Dai Ting-Yu
Published: October 2022

A self-powered gas response is realized in a planar structure of Pt/p-Cu2O/Pt through lateral photovoltaic effect. Under asymmetric light illumination, high sensitivity toward O3 at room temperature is achieved.
A failure assessment method of island distribution lines based on model‐data hybrid drive
Authors: Li Mingjie , Zheng Yupeng , Tang Bo , Yu Guangzheng , Wang Zhen , Muyeen S. M.
Published: October 2022

Open circuit faults of island distribution lines account for more than 70% of the total number of faults in the distribution network. Failure assessment of lines plays a crucial role in the operational safety of the island distribution network. Aiming at the problems of multiple operational failure factors and difficulty in failure assessment, a failure assessment method of island distribution lines based on model‐data hybrid drive is proposed in this paper. Specifically, in order to accurately describe the actual operating status and failure mechanism of distribution lines in the typical island environment, model‐driven method is used to formulate a comprehensive operational failure index of distribution lines, which combines with the impact of strong wind and corrosion operation scenarios and the operating characteristics of lines. On this basis, to improve the accuracy of failure assessment under the influence of multiple factors in the island environment, an improved light gradient boosting machine model is constructed in a data‐driven manner. Finally, based on actual data from distribution network in Zhoushan, China, the case study reveals that the proposed method could effectively assess the operational failure of island distribution lines.
High‐gain wideband circularly polarised mm‐wave antenna with highly symmetrical radiation patterns
Authors: Xie Xianting , Zhang Long , Mao Chunxu , He Yejun , Gao Steven
Published: October 2022

A circularly polarised (CP) antenna with highly symmetrical radiation patterns and wide operating bandwidth is presented for millimetre‐wave (mm‐wave) applications. By loading four parasitic inverted‐F components around a SIW‐fed S‐dipole antenna, better axial ratio (AR) performance and higher gain performance are realised. Furthermore, the proposed antenna can achieve highly symmetrical radiation patterns in different elevation planes within a wide operating band. This unique feature makes it advantageous to more uniform signal coverage. To verify the effectiveness of the antenna, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results validate that the antenna covers the impedance bandwidth of 49.1% (21.2–35 GHz) and the AR bandwidth of 51.3% (20–33.8 GHz). Besides, the antenna peak gain can reach 10.42 dBic at 28.5 GHz. More importantly, the antenna can radiate extremely symmetrical and uniform waves in different elevation planes within a wide operating band (21–29 GHz). Attributed to these merits, the presented antenna shows great potential in various mm‐wave systems.
Nitrogen and phosphorus‐doped green carbon dots with ‘turn‐off’ fluorometric sensor for Fe3+ ions detection
Authors: Zhang You , Li Mingyang , Ding Yanan , Dai Le , Wu Yue , Zheng Yibo , Li Xiaoguang , Guan Li , Li Xu
Published: October 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) were paid more and more attention for detecting ferric ions (Fe3+) containing in the organism or environment. Thus, nitrogen and phosphorus co‐doping green CDs were synthesized using p‐Phenylenediamine as the carbon source and phosphoric acid as phosphorus source by the solvo‐thermal method. As‐prepared CDs were characterized by morphology, optical properties, and surface functional groups. The CDs can emit better green light peak at 511 nm excited by 380 nm UV light. Excitation independence property of N, P‐CDs was determined by measuring the photoluminescence (PL) spectra with different excitation wavelengths. The ions detection ability was investigated by analyzing the emission intensity of CDs in eight different kinds of ions solutions and different concentrations of Fe3+ ions solutions. The N, P‐CDs show high selectivity towards Fe3+ ions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 μM in the concentration region of 300 to 450 μM. The results illuminated that this kind of CDs can be a candidate material for Fe3+ ions detection.
A comparative investigation of flexible arc suppression devices in distribution network
Authors: Fan Bishuang , Zheng Nan , Zeng Xiangjun , Ma Haihang , Wang Wen , Yu Kun , Zhuo Chao
Published: October 2022

With the rapid development of social economy, power supply reliability of the distribution network has become particularly important. The distribution network has long been faced with problems such as overvoltage, single‐phase grounding failure and grounding protection. Passive, active, and hybrid arc suppression devices (ASDs) are proposed to solve these problems. Passive ASDs have the advantages of high reliability, low control complexity and good economic benefits, and have been widely used in distribution networks. With the wide application of power electronic components in distribution network, the active part and harmonic part of ground current, which cannot be effectively eliminated by passive ASDs, increase sharply. Therefore, an active arc suppression method is proposed. However, due to the high cost and low reliability of the active equipment, the hybrid ASD has better arc suppression effect. In this paper, the existing ASDs are reviewed, and specific simulation models are established to verify the principle and performance of three different ASDs. The advantages and disadvantages of the three ASDs are compared in detail, and the possible problems and research directions in the future research of arc suppression technology are prospected.
Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic properties of axial fan blades with slitted leading edges
Authors: Ocker Christof , Czwielong Felix , Chaitanya Paruchuri , Pannert Wolfram , Becker Stefan
Published: October 2022

A detailed experimental analysis of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic properties of flat-plate axial fans with slitted leading edges is performed. The sound emissions of five slitted leading edge designs are measured at a constant rotational speed and at a constant total-to-static pressure rise of the fans. For both cases, the fan blades with slitted leading edges reduce the turbulence interaction noise and lead to a reduction of the overall sound pressure level for volume flow rates above 0.6 m3 s−1 compared to an axial fan with solid leading edges. The far-field noise analysis shows that the slits result in a noise reduction for frequencies below 2 kHz and a noise increase above 2 kHz. In addition, sound source localization is conducted with a microphone array and rotating beamforming methods are applied. The identified sound source distributions prove that slitted leading edges reduce turbulence interaction noise, but generate broadband noise in the fan blades’ trailing edge regions. The maximum sound reduction due to the slits could be detected at a dimensionless frequency of $ fh/\bar{w}\approx 0.5$, where f is the frequency, h is the height of the slit and $ \bar{w}$ is the mean relative inflow velocity. The noise reduction mechanism on axial fan blades corresponds well to previous investigations on flat-plate airfoils with slits.
Acoustic analysis of professional singing masks
Authors: Tur Bogac , Echternach Matthias , Turowski Stefan , Müller Meinard , Köberlein Marie , Döllinger Michael , Kniesburges Stefan
Published: October 2022

Wearing face coverings became one essential tool in order to prohibit virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison to speaking and breathing, singing emits a much higher amount of aerosol particles. Therefore, there are situations in which singers can perform or rehearse only if they are using protective masks. However, such masks have a more or less adverse effect not only on the singer’s comfort and tightness of the mask but also on the radiated sound. For this reason, the spectral filtering and directivity of masks designed specifically for professional singing was measured. The tests were performed with a head phantom. Over most of the spectrum, attenuation is observed, although amplification happens at some low frequency bands for different mask types and directions. Especially singing masks with a plastic face shield showed partial amplification of up to +10 dB below a frequency of 2 kHz, while only slight significant attenuation and no amplification (minimal acoustic loss) were seen for woven fabric masks. Above 2.5 kHz, the transparent masks showed the greatest sound attenuation up to −30 dB, while woven fabric masks produced an overall lower sound attenuation of up to −5 dB. In addition at low frequencies, the sound was amplified or attenuated equally in all directions for masks with a stiff plastic face shield. At higher frequencies, the attenuation is higher to the frontal than to the backward direction.
La contribution des jeunes agriculteurs à l’intendance de leur territoire : le cas d’un secteur des Baronnies provençales (Hautes-Alpes, France)
Authors: Pech Pierre
Published: October 2022

L’analyse de 25 entretiens de jeunes agriculteurs d’une commune montagnarde des Hautes-Alpes, L’Épine, au sein des Baronnies provençales, révèle le rôle de ces jeunes dans la constitution d’un système territorial s’apparentant à un modèle complexe d’agroécologie. L’analyse des dires à l’aide du logiciel d’analyse sémantique Hyperbase© permet d’identifier les formes variées d’agriculture pratiquées, qu’ils associent à d’autres activités sur le territoire. Les choix des jeunes agriculteurs contribuent à entretenir les paysages, à dynamiser le marché de consommation locale en favorisant des boucles courtes faisant intervenir les associations et les activités commerciales. Ces dynamiques s’inscrivent dans le territoire local à plusieurs échelles, du niveau communal aux aires de labellisation de produits agricoles, comme l’agneau de Sisteron et la lavande. Ces jeunes agriculteurs contribuent à une intendance du territoire, mais la question est de savoir si la dynamique en cours s’émancipe des contraintes générales, comme les systèmes de subventions et les blocages du foncier.
Convergence of a finite-volume scheme for a heat equation with a multiplicative Lipschitz noise
Authors: Bauzet Caroline , Nabet Flore , Schmitz Kerstin , Zimmermann Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

We study here the approximation by a finite-volume scheme of a heat equation forced by a Lipschitz continuous multiplicative noise in the sense of Itô. More precisely, we consider a discretization which is semi-implicit in time and a two-point flux approximation scheme (TPFA) in space. We adapt the method based on the theorem of Prokhorov to obtain a convergence in distribution result, then Skorokhod’s representation theorem yields the convergence of the scheme towards a martingale solution and the Gyöngy-Krylov argument is used to prove convergence in probability of the scheme towards the unique variational solution of our parabolic problem.
Enhancing Resilience in Family Caregivers Using an mHealth App
Authors: Smeallie Eleanor , Rosenthal Lindsay , Johnson Amanda , Roslin Chloe , Hassett Afton L. , Choi Sung Won
Published: October 2022

Background We previously developed a mobile health (mHealth) app (Roadmap) to promote the resilience of family caregivers during the acute phases of care in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Objective This study explored users' perspectives on the uptake of Roadmap's multicomponent features and the app's utility in promoting resilience.

Methods Fifteen participants were randomized to the full version of the app that included resilience-building activities and the other 15 were randomized to the control version that included a limited view of the app (i.e., without any resilience-building activities). They were instructed to use the app for 120 days. Semistructured qualitative interviews were then conducted with users as part of an ongoing, larger Roadmap study (NCT04094844). During the interview, caregiver participants were asked about their overall experiences with the app, frequency of use, features used, facilitators of and barriers to use, and their perspectives on its utility in promoting resilience. Data were professionally transcribed, coded, and categorized through content analysis.

Results Interviews were conducted with 30 participants, which included 23 females and 7 males. The median age of the population was 58 years (range, 23–82). The four main themes that emerged included app use, ease of use, user experiences, and ability to foster resilience. The subthemes identified related to facilitators (convenience and not harmful), barriers (caregiver burden and being too overwhelmed during the acute phases of HCT care), resilience (optimism/positivity and self-care), and app design improvements (personalization and notifications/reminders).

Conclusion The qualitative evaluation provided insights into which components were utilized and how one, or a combination of the multicomponent features, may be enhancing users' experiences. Lessons learned suggest that the Roadmap app contributed to promoting resilience during the acute phases of HCT care. Nonetheless, features that provided enhanced personalization may further improve longer-term engagement.
Distal Hand Migration of Polyacrylamide Gel after Breast Augmentation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gierej Piotr , Radziszewski Marcin , Miłoński Piotr , Noszczyk Bartłomiej
Published: October 2022

Breast augmentation is one of the most popular cosmetic surgery procedures in the world and it requires a comprehensive study of the methods performed. As less-invasive techniques are sought, tissue fillers have found its purpose in these procedures. However, it has been revealed that some of them may be associated with serious complications. One of them is the Aquafilling/Los Deline gel. A case report of a female patient who developed unprecedented sequelae after Aquafilling injection—distant migration of the gel in the hand—was presented in this study. The patient underwent total gel removal from the left forearm, arm, and both breasts as well as wound debridement and irrigation. We discovered a canal connecting the left breast to the left forearm, created by a polyacrylamide hydrogel dislocation. It was thoroughly revised using an endoscope. Despite the advantages of tissue fillers such as simplicity of use and less invasiveness, certain complications can occur after injection. Although a few of them have been banned due to these sequelae, new ones continue to appear. Every new product should be examined very carefully before it is introduced to the market.
A Three-Dimensional Scale for the Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting (SABG) in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Batra Puneet , Sharma Karan , Raghavan Sreevatsan , Talwar Aditya , Srivastava Amit , Sood Sundereshwer Chander
Published: October 2022

Background The objective of our study was to derive an objective assessment scale for three-dimensional (3D) qualitative and quantitative evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) using cone-bone computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Methods CBCT scans for pre- and 3-month post-SABG were reviewed for bone volume, height, width, and density of the bony bridge formed in the cleft defect in 20 patients with UCLP. Basic descriptive and principal component analysis was used to extract the various sub-components of the scale. Spearman's correlation was used to check the validity of the scale, and intra-class coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α were calculated to establish the reliability and retest applicability of the scale.

Results Each CBCT scan was assessed in five areas: cementoenamel junction (CEJ), root apex, root midpoint, 3 and 6 mm below CEJ, and tabulated in percentiles of 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, and 75 for all the parameters (bone volume, density, and width). These scores were validated when correlated to the scale given by Kamperos et al. Cronbach's α for the domains demonstrated acceptable to excellent internal consistency. The ICC showed good test–retest reliability having a range of scores from 0.89 to 0.94.

Conclusion The proposed scale for the 3D assessment of SABG in patients with UCLP provides gradation for the objective assessment of the bony bridge. This gradation enables the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the bony bridge, thus allowing each clinician to judge SABG more conclusively.
Double Adjacent Ventral Slots in Cervical Disc Extrusion with Epidural Haemorrhage in Four French Bulldogs
Authors: Olender Magdalena , Couturier Jérôme , Couturier Laurent , Gatel Laure , Brissot Hervé
Published: October 2022

Four French bulldogs were presented with a history of cervical pain and/or signs of myelopathy and were diagnosed with an acute cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE), associated with epidural haemorrhage (EH). The lesion was classified as IVDE with EH by a board-certified radiologist based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images. All dogs were treated with two adjacent ventral slots that confirmed diagnosis. The decompression was assessed by measurement of the amount of residual material on computed tomography studies, and the outcome was evaluated by clinical recheck. All dogs recovered uneventfully after the surgery. This case series describes the first detailed report of extensive cervical IVDE with EH where double adjacent ventral slots was used in a treatment of such lesion.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Treatment in PUPs in 2021 in Germany – First Data from the GEPHARD Study Group
Authors:   The GEPHARD Investigators,   Contributors:,   Contributors to the cross-sectional analysis:,   Study commission
Published: October 2022

Objectives Initial treatment in patients with haemophilia remains challenging. The choice of therapy, timing, dose and frequency have been and are still under intense debate. New treatment options like novel factor concentrates and non-factor therapies broaden the discussion.

Design The German Paediatric Haemophilia Research Database (GEPHARD) is a multicentre prospective observational study including children and adolescents with haemophilia A or B (FVIII or FIX levels <25 IU/dL) in a German treatment centre after January 1st, 2017. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in June 2021.

Results 249 children and adolescents from 22 participating centres in Germany were analysed in this cross-sectional analysis. 203 patients suffered from haemophilia A (PwHA) and 46 from haemophilia B (PwHB). The median age at diagnosis for Pw severe HA or HB was 6 or 2 months, the median age at analysis was 33 or 35 months for Pw severe HA or B, respectively. 117 Pw severe HA received treatment, including plasma derived concentrates (n = 43), standard recombinant concentrates (n = 23), extended half live concentrates (n = 33) and non-replacement therapies (n = 18). For Pw severe HB, plasma derived concentrates (n = 3), standard recombinant concentrates (n = 8) and extended half live concentrates (n = 14) were used. Current inhibitors were reported in 16 PwHA and 1 PwHB.

Conclusions GEPHARD was successfully established as a national cohort for newly diagnosed PwH in Germany. Epidemiological and treatment data were presented. Longitudinal analyses of this growing cohort will allow to value treatment strategies and their outcome in the evolving treatment landscape.
Influences of main design parameters on the aerodynamic performance of a micro-radial inflow turbine
Authors: Li Chao , Guo Zhiping , Guo Hao , Bao Xin , Zhou Le
Published: October 2022

The micro-radial inflow turbine (MRIT) is not only an important component of a micro-gas turbine but also the core part of a vehicle exhaust gas turbocharger and a small-scale organic Rankine circulatory system. Therefore, designing an MRIT with good performance is of great importance. The values of some main turbine design parameters can significantly influence its aerodynamic performance and structural size. In accordance with the structural characteristics of an MRIT, the relationships between the aerodynamic performance of a turbine and the absolute flow angle at the rotor inlet, the relative flow angle at the rotor outlet, the nozzle and rotor blade velocity coefficients, the ratio of the wheel diameter, velocity ratios, and the degree of reaction were examined. This was done through theoretical analysis combined with experience in the design of a conventional radial inflow turbine. On this basis, the influencing laws and degrees of the seven main design parameters on the aerodynamic performance of an MRIT during aerodynamic design were analyzed. The selection principles of these main design parameters were also summarized. The reasonableness of the above-mentioned selection principles was verified through an aerodynamic design case study of an MRIT combined with a 3D numerical simulation. It was found that the 3D numerical simulation results agreed well with the 1D aerodynamic design. The summarized selection principles of the main design parameters can provide a reference for the successful aerodynamic design of an MRIT.
Incandescent lamp design and lifetime
Authors: Kykta Martin
Published: October 2022

For a vacuum filled tungsten incandescent light bulb using filament length and radius, simple non-empirical equations can predict current vs voltage, power vs voltage, and temperature vs voltage. These equations can be used to predict vacuum filled incandescent bulb lifetime as a function of the evaporation energy of a tungsten atom and temperature.
Tuning current plateau regions in parallelized single-electron pumps
Authors: Kim Bum-Kyu , Yu Byeong-Sung , Park Suk-In , Song Jindong , Kim Nam , Bae Myung-Ho
Published: October 2022

The parallelization of single-electron pumps is a promising method to increase the quantized current level produced from a semiconductor-based single-electron system. In the parallelization of multiple pumps with common gate electrodes, the key process is to fabricate them with high reproducibility, resulting in an overlap of the most accurate regions in current plateaus at the same gate voltages. However, because of the lack of gating reproducibility, we here adopted a separate gate-tuning scheme to realize the overlap of the current plateaus instead of using a common gate scheme. To minimize the number of gates, we used entrance gates in common but an exit gate in separate with an additional in-common gate located outside the quantum dot but near the exit gates. The combination of the additional gate and separate exit gates led to an optimal current plateau overlap with a pair of pumps among six pumps in parallel. Under the optimal plateau-tuned condition, we achieved a relative type-A uncertainty of 1.4 × 10−6 at a 100 pA level with f = 160 MHz in the parallelized mode with the second current plateaus for both pumps.
Long-acting acid-sensitive ketal-linked dexamethasone microcrystals for treating experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Cai Maoyu , Xu Zunkai , Zhou Xueyan , Li Liangpin , Hua Xia , Guo Shutao , Yuan Xiaoyong
Published: October 2022

Corticosteroids have for some time been used as first-line drugs for the topical treatment of noninfectious uveitis, but poor ocular bioavailability and the rapid clearance of eye drops necessitate frequent dosing, reducing patient compliance. In this study, we used an acid-sensitive stearoxyl-ketal-dexamethasone pro-drug microcrystals (SKD MCs), which is consistently safe and effective in the control of uveitis inflammation in rats. We used a rat model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) to evaluate the effects of SKD MCs in terms of clinical manifestations, molecular biology, pathological histology, and visual electrophysiology compared to dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection or phosphate-buffered saline. SKD MCs significantly reduced inflammation in EAU, improved the ability to suppress inflammatory cytokines and to protect retinal function, and significantly reduced retinal microglia activation, with no increase in intraocular pressure throughout the treatment. Our results indicate that the SKD MCs formulation holds promise as a new strategy for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis and potentially other ocular inflammatory diseases.
Monte Carlo model for evaluation of concentration of gold nanoparticle clusters as predictor of effective dose in proton therapy of microscopic tumors
Authors: Alanazi Nadyah , Alanazi Reem , Akhdar Hanan , Alodhayb Abdullah
Published: October 2022

Radio-sensitization with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is a relatively recent advancement of radiotherapy that is determined to increase radiation in the target tumor region. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a well-known method that has gained popularity by assisting in determining the effective dose in various tumors. Assessing the concentration of particles during proton therapy can provide the key to evaluating the efficiency of the performed treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interconnection between the concentration of gold nanoparticle clusters and the dose enhancement in microscopic tumors by using the MC Model. A single cell tumor model with a size of 5 μm that was exposed to 100 MeV protons in a region resembling the human brain was investigated by using an MC simulation employing the Geant4 toolkit. With each nanoparticle having a diameter of 15 nm, a three-dimensional model of the random distribution of gold nanoparticle clusters was developed. Then, the dose enhancement for various concentrations of the GNPs accumulated around the tumor was estimated according to the dose enhancement factor (DEF), while the dose was concentrated on the surface of each GNP in the clusters. The results showed that the dose enhancement located at the Bragg-peak in the tumor region depended on the different concentrations of the GNPs. DEF values were found to be 1.016, 1.022, 1.026, 1.035, 1.013, 1.000, and 0.984 for the 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50 mg/ml concentration levels in water, respectively. The findings also revealed that large GNP clusters with high concentration levels yield larger DEFs than clusters with lower concentration levels, which may have an impact on radiation therapy. Specifically, at a concentration higher than 10 mg/ml, the estimated dose was significantly lower than those for a concentration of 5 mg/ml by about ∼100 mGy. As the benefit of the increased total dose must be balanced against the effect of the accumulation of nanoparticles, the current study detected dose reduction in regions that accumulate GNPs at high concentrations. As a result, the potential efficiency of the radiotherapeutic treatment can be reduced.
Dense hydrous silica carrying water to the deep Earth and promotion of oxygen fugacity heterogeneity
Authors: Lin Yanhao , Mao Ho-Kwang
Published: October 2022

Water has remarkable effects on the properties of mantle rocks, but, owing to the high temperatures in the mantle, uncertainties remain about how and how much water is transported into the deep Earth. Recent studies have shown that stishovite and post-stishovites as high-pressure phases of SiO2 have the potential to carry weight percent levels of water into the Earth’s interior along the geotherm of the subducting oceanic crust. As slabs are subducted to the deepest mantle, dehydration of these dense hydrous silica phases has the potential to change the physicochemical properties of the mantle by reducing melting points, forming new high-pressure phases, and enhancing the oxygen fugacity heterogeneity of the lower mantle.
Instructions for COVID-19 self-tests
Authors: Walker Sue , Bravo Josefina , Edwards Al , Hart Julie , Little Gemma
Published: October 2022

This paper summarises a cross-disciplinary project that explored ways of making instructions, funded as part of the UK COVID-19 rapid-response initiative. The project explored ways of making instructions for COVID-19 Lateral Flow Tests easy for lay people to use. Our method comprised rapid design decision making, where we used existing research, good practice in information design and consultation with diagnostic experts as part of the design process. Iterative review by a panel of users informed the development of prototype instructions: small studies investigated user preference for diagrams, and gathered feedback on the graphic articulation of the procedural steps involved in carrying out the test.
Post-processing treatments–microstructure–performance interrelationship of metal additive manufactured aerospace alloys: A review
Authors: Ojo Olatunji Oladimeji , Taban Emel
Published: October 2022

The application of Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) in the aerospace industry has been gaining attention. The poor surface quality of parts greatly limits the prospects of MAM-produced parts in the aerospace industry as fatigue performance hinges on a good surface finish and homogeneous microstructure. Post-processing treatments are important to improve the surface quality and the overall performance of MAM-produced parts during static and dynamic loadings. This paper provides a review of the current state of post-processing treatment options for MAM-produced parts. The advances in the post-processing treatments of MAM parts to improve fatigue strength, tensile strength, surface integrity and other properties of parts are reviewed. Future research prospects on metal additive manufacturing of aerospace parts are briefly expounded.

Abbreviations: AM: Additive Manufacturing; CMT-WAAM: Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing; CSD: Cold Spray Deposition; DA: Direct Aging; DED: Directed Energy Deposition; E: Elongation; EBAM: Wire-feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing; EBAM Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing; EBSD: Electron Back Scattered Diffraction; FRAM: Friction Rolling Additive Manufacturing; FSAM: Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing; FSP: Friction Stir Processing; HFDB: Hybrid Friction Diffusion Bonding; HIP: Hot Isostatic Pressing; HSA Homogenisation + Solution Treatment + Aging; IFSP: Interlayer Friction Stir Processing; IPF: Inverse Pole Figure; KAM: Kernel Average Misorientation; LAM: Laser Additive Manufacturing Process; LENS: Laser Engineered Net Shaping; LDM: Laser Deposition Manufacturing; L-PBF: Laser Powder Bed Fusion; MAM: Metal Additive Manufacturing; MTFS: Multi-track Multi-layer Friction Surfacing; O-WLAM: Wire Oscillating Laser Additive Manufacturing (O-WLAM); S: Solution Treatment; SA: Solution Treatment + aging; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscope; UAM: Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing; UTS: Ultimate Tensile Strength; WAAM: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing; YS: Yield Strength
Global existence and decay estimates of solutions to the MHD–Boussinesq system with stratification effects*
Authors: Li Xinliang , Tan Zhong , Xu Saiguo
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the inviscid Boussinesq system under the presence of magnetic field in porous media. We firstly proved the global well-posedness and large time behaviour of solutions in the whole space

R

3

. Precisely, when the H
3 norm of initial data is small, but the higher order derivatives can be arbitrary large, the system is globally well-posed by pure energy method. Moreover, by a set of mature negative Sobolev and Besov space interpolation methods, the L

p
− L
2 (1 ⩽ p ⩽ 2) type of the optimal time decay rates are obtained without any smallness assumption on the L

p
norm of the initial data. At last, we derive a global weak solution with large initial data and give an explicit decay rate of the solution in

R

2

. Our results mathematically explain the stable phenomenon of the system with stratification effects.
School visits to a physics research laboratory using virtual reality
Authors: De Angelis Ilaria , Budano Antonio , De Pietro Giacomo , Martini Alberto , Postiglione Adriana
Published: October 2022

School visits to research laboratories or facilities represent a unique way to bring students closer to science and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics careers. However, such visits can be very expensive for students and teachers, in terms of both time and money. In this paper, we present a possible alternative to on-site visits consisting in an activity addressed to high school students that makes use of a Virtual Reality application to make them ‘enter’ into a particle physics experiment. This proposal can represent a valid way of guaranteeing a visit to a research centre for all schools, regardless of their social or geographical origin. We describe the tests we carried out with a focus group of teachers and their students, and the obtained results.
Using a web-based and stand-alone oscilloscope for physics experiment during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ismail Mahizah , Minawi Farid , Adli Wan Mokhtar Wan Zul , L Abdul Rashid Noraihan , Ariffin Ahmad K
Published: October 2022

Teaching alternating currents, ac or sound waves, is incomplete without an introduction to the oscilloscope. An oscilloscope is a tool that graphically displays electrical signals and shows their time dependence. However, due to the pandemic, triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, many students do not have the opportunity to master the use of an oscilloscope. Face-to-face teaching activity has been interrupted in both schools and higher institutions. The sudden change to online teaching created problems among educators, especially for laboratory activities. The central issue is creating laboratory activities without going into the labs for the students to acquire the required skills, especially the basics of how to operate an oscilloscope. In order to create an opportunity and engaging environment, we suggested the use of the ‘web-based and stand-alone oscilloscope’. The software consists of a low-frequency (signal) generator (LFG), a direct current power supply, and an oscilloscope. The LFG is capable of producing several types of signal and the software is designed to aid the undergraduate engineering and physics students in learning the operation and functions of a digital storage oscilloscope. It can be used as an alternative to face-to-face laboratory activity for physics experiments. It is free and easy to use. The experiments enable students to develop the experimental and measurement skills related to signal generators and oscilloscopes. Hence it opens the opportunity of ‘doing’ virtual physics investigations individually at home.
Model experiments and analogies for teaching Einsteinian energy
Authors: Boublil Shachar , Blair David
Published: October 2022

The connections between light, matter, and energy are central to Einsteinian physics education in the age of renewable energy and modern technologies. Using activities, models, and analogies for presenting modern physics in the classroom is effective in helping students understand challenging topics. This paper describes three classroom activities designed to explore the physics behind a beautiful experiment that measured an atom’s mass increase when it absorbs a single photon and its mass reduction when a photon is emitted. The experiment demonstrates the direct link between E = mc2 and E = hf. Classroom math problems linked to the experiment use the powers of 10 to explore the large and small numbers associated with the physical concepts. The lesson we developed as part of the Einsteinian energy curriculum for year 8 students as part of the Einstein-first project in Australia, which aims to design and implement Einsteinian physics curricula for schools.
Initial conditions for the scalaron dark matter
Authors: Shtanov Yuri
Published: October 2022

The scalaron of the metric f(R) gravity can constitute dark matter if its mass is in the range 4 meV ≲ m ≲ 1 MeV. We give an overview of such f(R) gravity theory minimally coupled to the Standard Model. Similarly to other dark-matter models based on scalar fields, this model has the issue of initial conditions. Firstly, the initial conditions for the scalaron are to be tuned in order to produce the observed amount of dark matter. Secondly, the primordial spatial inhomogeneities in the field are to be sufficiently small because they generate entropy (or isocurvature) perturbations, which are constrained by observations. We consider these issues in the present paper. The initial conditions for the scalaron presumably emerge at the inflationary stage. We point out that the homogeneous part of the scalaron initial value is largely unpredictable because of quantum diffusion during inflation. Thus, to account for the observed amount of dark matter, one has to resort to anthropic considerations. Observational constraints on the primordial spatial inhomogeneity of the scalaron are translated into upper bounds on the energy scale of inflation, which happen to be low but not too restrictive.
Quantum fluctuations and semiclassicality in an inflaton-driven evolution
Authors: Brizuela David , Pawłowski Tomasz
Published: October 2022

A semiclassical description of quantum systems is applied to probe the dynamics of the
cosmological model of an inflationary universe with quadratic inflaton potential, described in a
quantum framework of geometrodynamics. The systematic analysis, focusing in particular on the
inflationary and post-inflationary epochs, revealed several surprising and counterintuitive
features: (i) during inflation the universe rapidly spreads out in volume which leads to
significant relative variance by the end of inflation; (ii) despite that, the quantum evolution
can still be described to high accuracy by semiclassical methods; (iii) moreover, in the
post-inflationary epoch, as the order of included quantum corrections increases, the quantum
trajectory approaches the classical one and the description involving second-order corrections
only is actually the least accurate there. The consequence of the latter is that the effects of
the quantum variances are washed out by the higher-order quantum corrections.
Probing pre-BBN era with scale invariant FIMP
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Ghoshal Anish
Published: October 2022

Detecting dark matter (DM) relic via freeze-in is difficult in laboratories due to
smallness of the couplings involved. However, a non-standard cosmological history of the Universe,
prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), can dramatically change this scenario. In this context,
we study the freeze-in production of dark matter (DM) in classically scale invariant U(1)
X
 
gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM), recently dubbed as the Scale Invariant FIMP
Miracle. We assume an additional species dominates the energy density of the Universe at early
times, causing the expansion rate at a given temperature to be larger than that in the standard
radiation-dominated case. We find, the out-of-equilibrium scattering processes involving
particles in the thermal bath lead to significantly suppressed DM production in this era, thereby
enhancing the couplings between the visible and the dark sector (by several orders of magnitude)
to satisfy the observed DM abundance, and improving the detection prospects for freeze-in in
turn. Scale invariance of the underlying theory leaves only four free parameters in the model: the
DM mass mX
, the gauge coupling gX
, the temperature of transition TR
from early
scalar-dominated to radiation-dominated era and the power-law dependence n of this
temperature. We show, within this minimal set-up, experiments like FASER, MATHUSLA, DUNE, SHiP
will be probing various cosmological models depending on the choice of {n, TR
} that also
satisfy the PLANCK observed relic density bound. Moreover, due to the presence of a naturally
light scalar mediator, the direct detection of the DM at XENON1T, PandaX-4T or XENONnT becomes
relevant for Higgs-scalar mixing sinθ ≃ {10-5–10-3}, thus providing
complementary probes for freeze-in, as well as for non-standard cosmological pre-BBN era.
Variability and Spectral Behavior of Gamma-Ray Flares of 3C 279
Authors: Wang Gege , Fan Junhui , Xiao Hubing , Cai Jinting
Published: October 2022

3C 279 showed enhanced flux variations in Fermi-LAT γ-ray observations from 2018 January to June. We present a detailed Fermi-LAT analysis to investigate the variability and spectral behaviors of 3C 279 during the γ-ray flares in 2018. In this work, we analyzed the γ-ray spectra and found that the spectra in either the flaring or quiescent states do not show any clear breaks (or cutoffs). This indicates that the dissipation region is outside the broad-line region, and the energy dissipation may be due to the inverse Compton process of scattering the dust torus infrared photons, this result is also consistent with that in Tolamatti et al. An external inverse Compton scattering of dusty torus (DT) photons is employed to calculate the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). This model was further supported by the fact that we found flare decay timescale was consistent with the cooling time of relativistic electrons through DT photons. During the SED modeling, a relatively harder spectrum for the electron energy distribution is found and suggests these electrons may not be accelerated by the shock that happened in the dissipation region. Besides, the magnetic reconnection is also ruled out due to a low magnetization ratio. Thus, we suggest an injection of higher-energy electrons from outside the blob and raising the flare.