bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the isomeric yield ratios of 196m,gAu and 195m,gHg in the 197Au(p,x) reaction
Authors: Naik Haladhara , Kim Guinyun , Lee Changhui , Yang Sung-Chul , Jang Wooyoung , Thi Hien Nguyen
Published: April 2023

In this study, the isomeric yield ratio (IR) values of 196m,gAu and 195m,gHg in the 197Au(p,x) reaction within the proton energy range of 49.8–65.5 MeV were measured at the high-intensity proton linac facility (KOMAC) in Korea using an offline γ-ray spectrometric technique. Furthermore, the IR values of the above-mentioned products at different proton energies were calculated from the cross-sections based on the data in the TENDL-2019 library and are found to be higher than the experimental values. The IR values of 196m,gAu and 195m,gHg in the 197Au(p,x) reaction from the present and other works are compared with the similar literature data in the 197Au(γ,n), 196Hg(γ,n), 197Au(n,2n), 196Hg(n,2n), natPt(α,x) and natPt(3He,x) reactions to examine the role of compound nucleus spin, excitation energy, and input angular momentum.
Defining the Sport Scientist
Authors: Gleason Benjamin H. , Suchomel Timothy J. , Brewer Clive , McMahon Eric L. , Lis Ryan P. , Stone Michael H.
Published: April 2023

In the last several decades in the United States, university athletic departments and professional sport teams began hiring sport scientists to support team operations. Many variations in sport science–related job titles and a variety of duties are apparent across the industry internationally. Therefore, the aims of this article were to (a) define sport scientist roles because they may be positioned in U.S. sport organizations, (b) demonstrate potential levels of application, (c) demonstrate how a sport science program helps establish a standard of care for the athlete, and (d) highlight overseas practices that establish professional competency for those in sport scientist roles. This discussion may be used to optimize organizational structures, enhance organizational dynamics within sport organizations, leagues, and systems, and used to develop, refine, or support certification and training programs in the United States. In addition to the discussion in this article, several job descriptions are provided as Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A347. These resources may help decision makers construct job descriptions for their organizations.
The Effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving-Flipped Classroom for Enhancing Students' Creative Thinking Skills of Online Physics Educational Learning
Authors: Rahayu S. , Setyosari P. , Hidayat A. , Kuswandi D.
Published: April 2023

Physics science differs from other educational programs. As a natural science subject, this study program has many mathematical formulas, complex scientific laws, theorems, and scientific postulates. This study program needs creative thinking skills since physics learning is related to creativity in solving scientific problems. CPS (Creative Problem Solving) and flipped classrooms are some efforts to increase creative thinking skills. In Indonesia, COVID-19 is the main reason for conducting online learning. However, there is no supporting information about the effectiveness of CPS and flipped classrooms as methods for online physics learning in university. Thus, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of CPS–flipped classrooms assisted by videos in enhancing university students' creative thinking skills for online learning. The study participants were university students from the Physics Education Study Program (population = 66 students, random cluster sampling for the sampling method) of Mataram University. They were divided into the control and experimental or treatment groups. This study used a pre-test and post-test group design (seven description questions). All questions were validated and reliable. All data were analyzed using an N-gain score and t-test. The results show that the N-gain score is in the medium zone. The data were normally and homogeneously distributed. The analysis result using the t-test shows that the addition of flipped classrooms is more effective than the control group (CPS only). CPS-flipped classroom performs better than CPS, proving the ability of flipped classrooms as the alternative method in online learning.
Project-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning Models in Critical and Creative Students
Authors: Suradika A. , Dewi H. I. , Nasution M. I.
Published: April 2023

This research is experimental research with a 2 x 2 factorial design involving students in the critical and creative categories. Data collection used a description test instrument. Data were analyzed inferentially by hypothesis testing ANACOVA comparison. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) directs students to learn, directs individual and group investigations, generates and performs work, and assesses the problem-solving process. While the syntaxes for Project-Based Learning (PjBL) are starting learning with essential questions, designing a plan for the project, creating the schedule, monitoring students and project progress, assessing the outcome, and evaluating. This study concludes that there is no difference in chemistry learning outcomes between students who are taught using PBL and PjBL, and students who are critical and creative. For syntax, there are similarities in the activities of critical and creative students, at the PjBL stage, in designing a project and evaluating a product, and at the PBL stage, in guiding individual investigations and developing and presenting results.
Biology Students' Science Literacy Level on Genetic Concepts
Authors: Hartono A. , Djulia E. , Hasruddin H. , Jayanti U. N. A. D.
Published: April 2023

Scientific literacy is one’s scientific knowledge to apply based on scientific problems. It is important for shaping generational readiness to face the challenges of the 21st century. Scientific literacy is necessary for learning Biology because it can support skills in identifying, explaining scientific phenomena, and generalizing scientific facts. However, the scientific literacy level of students in Indonesia is still relatively low, ranking 70th out of 79 countries with an average achievement of 396. Therefore, this study aims to precisely determine the scientific literacy ability of Biology students and its correlation with the scientific learning model that lecturers apply. The data collection technique was carried out by providing 15 multiple-choice Scientific Literacy questions in the field of Genetics issued by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). The research data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman approach, which consisted of three processing steps: data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. The results showed that the level of students’ genetic scientific literacy was still relatively low, with scores of each class being observed at 32.63%, 42.97%, and 43.06%. Factors that indicate students’ low scientific literacy are the use of textual teaching materials, students’ misconceptions about the genetic material being studied, non-contextual learning, and low student reading power. Thus, improving the quality of teaching materials on integrated genetic material on scientific literacy and learning innovations that emphasize contextual learning and students’ reading power is necessary to increase scientific literacy as a form of competency needed in 21st-century learning.
STREM PBL with E-Authentic Assessment: Its Impact to Students’ Scientific Creativity on Static Fluid
Authors: Irma Z. U. , Kusairi S. , Yuliati L.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to explore the scientific creativity of high school students on the static fluid in STREM PBL with an e-authentic assessment. This study used a mixed method with an embedded experimental design. This study involved 30 11th-grade senior high school students in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Data collection techniques were carried out through pretest-posttest, interview, and observation. Pretest and posttest instruments consist of three scientific creativity essay questions with a reliability of 0.610. The results of the Wilcoxon test of p = .000, with the posttest being higher than the pretest, indicate a significant difference between students’ scientific creativity before and after learning. The effect size value of 0.87 indicates that STREM PBL with an e-authentic assessment moderately affects students’ scientific creativity. All indicators of scientific creativity have increased. The order of increasing the average scientific creativity score for each indicator is fluency (high) elaboration (moderate) originality (moderate) flexibility (moderate). Meanwhile, the order of the average level of scientific creativity at the posttest is fluency (very creative) elaboration (quite creative) = flexibility (quite creative) originality (less creative). Students’ scientific creativity increases because this learning makes students solve problems, carry out projects (design and create a product), carry out inquiry activities (experiment and investigation), collaborate with groups, and evaluate projects through self and peer assessment. Learning activities that can increase the level of fluency indicators are mentioning as many ideas as possible for experimental designs and product designs. Learning activities that can increase the level of flexibility indicators are integrating religion content into STEM (it is also better if integrating art content) and providing several problems and products from various fields. Learning activities that increase originality indicators give each individual or group a different project topic. Learning activities that can increase elaboration indicators are strengthening mastery of concepts and evaluating the work of oneself and others through self-assessment and peer assessment.
Prospective Science Teachers' Information Literacy and Scientific Argumentation Skills in Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hidayati S. N. , Dasna I. W. , Munzil M. , Wonorahardjo S. , Kohar A. W.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze prospective science teachers’ information literacy and scientific argumentation skills and their correlations in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey research with a cross-sectional design involved 342 students from a state university in Surabaya. The survey was given online to all respondents with a response rate of 77%, consisting of 23 men and 241 women. The information literacy skill instrument was adapted from the eight indicators of the empowering eight model and declared valid. Indicators include the ability to identify, explore, select, organize, create, present, access input, and use information. The argumentation skills instrument consists of four indicators: the ability to identify claims and their qualifications, identify types of data and their quality, identify reasons and quality, and identify objections and counter-arguments. In contrast to the results of previous studies in this study, prospective teachers’ information literacy obtains an average of 83% in a good category. Based on the correct answers to the four indicators, the argumentation skills used obtained an average score of more than 50% on the less and very poor criteria. Based on the SPSS one-tailed correlation test, a correlation coefficient of 0.103 is obtained with very low criteria. This study concludes that students’ information literacy skills are in line with their argumentation skills but in very little correlation.
Guided Discovery Learning-Based Chemistry E-Module and Its Effect on Students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Yerimadesi Y. , Warlinda Y. A. , Rosanna D. L. , Sakinah M. , Putri E. J. , Guspatni G. , Andromeda A.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of guided discovery learning-based e-modules in improving senior high school students' higher-order thinking skills. It belongs to quasi-experimental research with a nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design. Three schools in Padang, Indonesia, were chosen as the samples through a purposive sampling technique, and experimental and control classes in each school were assigned based on the homogeneity of their previous academic score. Research instruments were a higher-order thinking cognitive test using multiple-choice questions and worksheets in the guided discovery learning-based e-module made for salt hydrolysis, electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions, and chemical elements. Students' test scores were analyzed using the N-gain test and independent sample t-test. The results show that students' higher-order thinking skills in the experimental classes were significantly higher than in the control classes. Most students could fill in the worksheets in the e-modules whose problems were made according to higher-order thinking skills criteria. Multiple representations integrated with learning materials in the e-modules helped students understand chemistry concepts. The ordered stages of guided discovery learning integrated with complete and interactive multimedia in the e-modules facilitated students to engage in learning, investigating, and evaluating information to conclude; the attempts to train higher-order thinking skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that guided discovery learning-based chemistry e-module can effectively improve senior high school students' higher-order thinking skills.
A quantitative comparison of the precipitation behavior of lignin from sweetgum and pine kraft black liquors
Authors: Jardim Juliana M. , Hart Peter W. , Lucia Lucian , Jameel Hasan , Chang Houmin
Published: April 2023

Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry that can be precipitated by acidification from black liquor as a potential feedstock for valuable green materials. Precipitation and quantification of lignin from softwood black liquors have been documented and commercialized with well-established methods; however, applying those methods to the precipitation of lignin from hardwood black liquors has produced low lignin yields. A need to understand the main differences between hardwood and softwood lignin precipitation prompted the current investigation. Multiple black liquor samples from sweetgum and pine pulping were obtained at different times of standard kraft cooks. Two lignin fractions were precipitated from each of these black liquors, one at pH 9.5 and one at pH 2.5. Detailed lignin and carbohydrate material balances were performed around each of the sample sets, starting with the wood and ending with precipitated lignin fractions. For all conditions tested, the amount and purity of pine lignin precipitated were superior to sweetgum lignin. The maximum recovery for sweetgum lignin was 69.7%, while for pine lignin, it was 90.9%.
Prevalence of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales from urine specimens in an university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Güler Münevver Sadunoğlu , Aygün Gökhan , Akkuş Seher , Kuşkucu Ahmet Mert , Küçükbasmacİ Ömer , Gönüllü Nevrİye
Published: April 2023

We aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales strains isolated from urine specimens between July 2019 and July 2020.

CIM and modified CIM tests were applied as well as detection of blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaKPC and blaIMP genes was performed by multiplex PCR.

One hundred fifty of 3,242 Enterobacterales strains were found to be carbapenem resistant and 46 were included in the study. Forty five (98%) of the 46 strains included in the study were Klebsiella spp. and one (2%) of them was Escherichia coli. Susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam, amikacin and gentamicin was 97%, 11% and 9%, respectively. Forty three (94%) isolates were found positive at 2 and 4 h with CIM test. Forty four (97%) strains were found positive at 4 h and 43 (94%) strains were found positive at 2 h with modified CIM test.

While blaOXA-48, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 with blaNDM association were found in Klebsiella spp. isolates in 55%, 27% and 11%, respectively, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaIMP were not found. Only blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 were detected in the E. coli strain.

None of the investigated genes were detected in three Klebsiella strains but with whole genome analysis the combination of blaOXA-534, blaCMY-99 and blaKPC-3 was found in the first strain, blaOXA-370 in the second strain and no resistance gene was found in the third strain.

Ceftazidime-avibactam was found to be active against 97% of strains, and the most common resistance genes were blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1. Previously undetected resistance genes have been identified in our country.
English and Bislama in the Vanuatu Supreme Court
Authors: Schneider Cindy
Published: April 2023

Nowadays many postcolonial societies endorse multilingualism. But Leung (2019) observes how, in the legal process, ostensible linguistic equality may disguise substantive inequality. She characterises this as a situation of ‘shallow equality’. This article investigates the balance between substantive and shallow equality in the Supreme Court of the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Vanuatu is highly multilingual, with over 100 languages. Although the Constitution officially supports all languages, the court ultimately demands competence in English. To investigate this tension I analyse observational and interview data from the field, using a theoretical framework which incorporates language planning, ideologies and practices (Spolsky 2004; 2012; 2021). Results confirm Leung's thesis. The Court does support multilingualism – particularly the local lingua franca, Bislama – but a ‘shallow equality’ persists. Nevertheless, constitutional protections lead to more positive outcomes than would otherwise eventuate. Also, modest practical measures could be implemented to improve substantive linguistic equality
How we use automatic speaker comparison in forensic practice
Authors: van der Vloed David , Cambier-Langeveld Tina
Published: April 2023

Automatic methods are rapidly gaining ground in forensic speaker comparison, next to the existing auditory-acoustic methodology, performed by human experts with an academic background in phonetics. In this article we set out the steps that were taken before we could introduce the automatic method and start combining the two methods (software and human) in casework. We further provide a comprehensive explanation of the automatic method (originally written for readers of forensic reports) in the appendix. We discuss the legal reception of the combined approach, based on a court ruling in an appeal case in which the reliability of the speaker comparison was challenged by the defence. We also address the important issue of how conflicting results from the two methods may be dealt with in practice.
The peculiarities of the phonetic system of the Gapshima dialect of the northern Dargin language
Authors: Mutalov Rasul
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of the study is to describe the peculiarities of the phonetic system of the Gapshima dialect of the northern Dargin language (the Dargin branch of the Nakh-Dagestan languages). Actually, this dialect is not still studied well, and that is the relevance of this study. On the other hand, the problem of classifying the Dargin languages and dialects still remains undetermined; and particularly, the role of Gapshima speech in the system of Dargin dialects and languages isn’t still determined. The article deals with the problems of the phonetic system of the dialect, the phonetic processes in it, and also the sound correspondences in the Gapshima dialect and other idioms of the Dargin area adjacent to it — the Akusha, the Sirkhya, the Tsudahar and the Mekegi. The scientific novelty of the research is in the fact that it is the first time the wealth phonetic material peculiarities of the dialect under study in comparison with the ones of other Dargin dialects are introduced into scientific use. As a result of the study, it is established that the Gapshima speech has similarities both with the dialects of the Tsudahar and Sirkhya which are in contact with it, and with the Akush dialect, the basis of the Dargin literary language. On the other hand, a number of phonetic phenomena functioning in the Gapshima dialect is also established, which are presented in the Mekegi dialect, with which the Gapshima one does not have a direct contact. The practical significance of the study is in the results which are applicable to the practice of teaching Dargin dialectology. They will also contribute to the issue of establishing the improved classification of Dargin dialects and languages.
The learning curve of bilateral laparoscopic varicocelectomy: a prospective study
Authors: BELKOVSKY MIKHAEL , PASSEROTTI CARLO CAMARGO , MAXIMIANO LINDA FERREIRA , OTOCH JOSÉ PINHATA , CRUZ JOSE ARNALDO SHIOMI DA
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT Varicocele occurs in 15% of general male population and in 35% of infertile men. Since 1992, surgical correction with laparoscopic varicocelectomy is the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic patients or patients with abnormal seminal analysis. The learning curve for this frequently performed procedure has not yet been described. In the present study, we investigated the learning curve of a single urologist in training performing his first 21 laparoscopic varicocelectomies using qualitative and quantitative tools to evaluate his performance during the process. Our results show that 14 bilateral laparoscopic varicocelectomies are enough to achieve the plateau of the learning curve.
TOMOGRAPHIC SARCOPENIA PREDICTS ANASTOMOTIC LEAKS AND LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS OPERATED WITH CURATIVE INTENT
Authors: Figueroa-Giralt Manuel , Araya Francisca , Torrealba Andrés , Weisz José , Lanzarini Enrique , Musleh Maher , Molina Juan Carlos , Korn Owen , Braghetto Italo , Csendes Attila
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The preoperative nutritional state has prognostic postoperative value. Tomographic density and area of psoas muscle are validated tools for assessing nutritional status. There are few reports assessing the utility of staging tomography in gastric cancer patients in this field. AIMS: This study aimed to determine the influence of sarcopenia, measured by a preoperative staging computed tomography scan, on postoperative morbimortality and long-term survival in patients operated on for gastric cancer with curative intent. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2013. The definition of radiological sarcopenia was by measurement of cross-sectional area and density of psoas muscle at the L3 (third lumbar vertebra) level in an axial cut of an abdominopelvic computed tomography scan (in the selection without intravascular contrast media). The software used was OsirixX version 10.0.2, with the tool “propagate segmentation”, and all muscle seen in the image was manually adjusted. RESULTS: We included 70 patients, 77% men, with a mean cross-sectional in L3 of 16.6 cm2 (standard deviation+6.1) and mean density of psoas muscle in L3 of 36.1 mean muscle density (standard deviation+7.1). Advanced cancers were 86, 28.6% had signet-ring cells, 78.6% required a total gastrectomy, postoperative surgical morbidity and mortality were 22.8 and 2.8%, respectively, and overall 5-year long-term survival was 57.1%. In the multivariate analysis, cross-sectional area failed to predict surgical morbidity (p=0.4) and 5-year long-term survival (p=0.34), while density of psoas muscle was able to predict anastomotic fistulas (p=0.009; OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.76–0.96) and 5-year long-term survival (p=0.04; OR 2.9; 95%CI 1.04–8.15). CONCLUSIONS: Tomographic diagnosis of sarcopenia from density of psoas muscle can predict anastomotic fistulas and long-term survival in gastric cancer patients treated with curative intent.
Avaliação da acurácia da informação em sites sobre leishmaniose visceral: uma estratégia de enfrentamento da desordem informacional
Authors: Pereira Neto André , Ferreira Eduardo , Barbosa Leticia , Paolucci Rodolfo
Published: April 2023

RESUMO As novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano de pessoas e instituições em nível global. As informações que elas veiculam podem estar desatualizadas, incompletas, incorretas ou deliberadamente mentirosas. Vive-se um contexto de ‘desordem informacional’. Na saúde, uma informação como essa pode causar dano ao indivíduo e à sociedade. Algumas alternativas têm sido apresentadas para enfrentar esse problema. Este artigo discute como a avaliação da qualidade da informação sobre saúde on-line e a certificação de sites podem servir para o enfrentamento da ‘desordem informacional’. Ele apresenta uma metodologia de avaliação da acurácia da informação on-line seguindo as informações atualizadas e cientificamente comprovadas pela medicina baseada em evidências. Analisa o caso da leishmaniose visceral: uma das doenças negligenciadas mais prevalentes no mundo. Seguindo esse método, foi construída uma ferramenta com indicadores e foram avaliados sites de organizações não governamentais internacionais e dos Ministérios da Saúde do Brasil e da Índia, países nos quais a leishmaniose visceral é endêmica e que concentram grande parte dos casos mundiais da doença. Os resultados revelam que nenhum dos sites avaliados obteve mais de 50% de conformidade com os indicadores utilizados.
Integralidade das práticas em saúde na atenção primária: análise comparada entre Brasil e Portugal por meio de revisão de escopo
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Ramos , Sousa Maria Fátima de
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Desde o período de redemocratização e implementação de seus sistemas universais de saúde, Brasil e Portugal traçam trajetórias similares na construção de um modelo de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Este estudo teve por objetivos identificar e comparar as características das práticas em saúde no âmbito da APS nos sistemas universais de saúde do Brasil e de Portugal que contribuam para a efetivação do princípio da integralidade. A metodologia aplicada foi da análise comparada, por meio de scooping review. Foi possível identificar as diferentes formas de investimentos e organização das ofertas de saúde, bem como elementos que podem favorecer a intercambialidade de experiências entre os países e o aperfeiçoamento do sistema de saúde brasileiro.
Risco de suicídio no trabalho: revisão integrativa sobre fatores psicossociais
Authors: Vieira Barbara , Bandini Marcia , Azevedo Valmir , Lucca Sergio
Published: April 2023

RESUMO O suicídio é subestimado e estigmatizado na sociedade e, quando relacionado ao trabalho, é ainda mais invisível. Este estudo procurou analisar a literatura científica sobre o risco de suicídio ou tentativa de suicídio entre trabalhadores e sua relação com fatores psicossociais e assédio no local de trabalho. Utilizou-se sete bases eletrônicas de dados e os descritores, em inglês: [“Work” OR “Workplace”] AND [“Occupational Stress” OR “Workplace Violence” OR “Harassment, Non-Sexual” OR “Sexual Harassment”] AND [“Suicide” OR “Suicide, Attempted”]. Estudos sobre “ideação suicida” e ocupações fora do contexto de trabalho foram excluídos da revisão. Seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA, foram identificadas 1427 referências e 15 artigos foram selecionados. Apresentaram associação significativa com o risco de suicídio e/ou tentativa de suicídio: assédio no trabalho, elevadas demandas de trabalho, baixa autonomia, baixo apoio social, conflitos trabalho-família, receio de perder o emprego e insatisfação com o trabalho. Estresse grave no trabalho também apresentou associação com risco de suicídio, quando combinado ao estresse doméstico grave. Este estudo evidenciou que o medo de perder o emprego, assédio e fatores psicossociais no trabalho aumentam o risco de suicídio e tentativa de suicídio dos trabalhadores. Tais condições devem ser alvo de atenção no cuidado de trabalhadores.
Política externa e saúde no Brasil (1995-2010): uma análise da diplomacia de saúde brasileira – da Aids ao ‘Fome Zero’
Authors: Almeida Celia , Lima Thaisa Santos , Campos Rodrigo Pires de
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Este artigo analisa como a saúde entrou na política externa brasileira entre 1995 e 2010 e apoiou a posição internacional do País, utilizando o enfoque de análise de políticas. Essa questão raramente é examinada na literatura brasileira sobre diplomacia da saúde. A partir de revisão de literatura, análise documental e entrevistas com atores-chave, examinamos as políticas impulsionadas por complexos processos históricos de mudança no Brasil. Há importantes inter-relações entre política externa e política social, incluindo saúde. Durante os governos Lula (2003-2010), a internacionalização das políticas domésticas brasileiras, vinculadas à cooperação Sul-Sul, teve papel central. A saúde na agenda da política externa foi um importante suporte à crescente presença internacional do Brasil. Esses desenvolvimentos foram possibilitados pelo ativismo e comprometimento de diversos atores estatais e não estatais, que atuaram em dois níveis: advocacia nacional e transnacional e atividades coordenadas entre representantes do governo, incluindo diplomatas, e atores da sociedade civil. O principal argumento deste estudo é que as políticas nacionais e internacionais são interrelacionadas nesse processo, e a dinâmica doméstica e o engajamento societal são essenciais, mas não suficientes: escolhas governamentais são também determinantes. Os arranjos institucionais e políticos mudaram em diferentes conjunturas e são constantemente propensos a conflitos e mudanças.
Brazil’s foreign policy and health (1995-2010): A policy analysis of the Brazilian health diplomacy – from AIDS to ‘Zero Hunger’
Authors: Almeida Celia , Lima Thaisa Santos , Campos Rodrigo Pires de
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT This article analyses, from a policy analysis approach, how health entered Brazilian foreign policy between 1995 and 2010 and supported the country’s international position, which is rarely explored in the literature on Brazilian health diplomacy. By drawing on literature review, document analysis and key-actor interviews, we examined policies triggered by far-reaching and complex historical change processes in Brazil. We find significant interrelationships between foreign policy and social policy, including health. The internationalization of Brazilian domestic policies, and South-South cooperation, played a central role during Lula governments (2003-2010). Health found its way into the foreign policy agenda to support Brazil’s growing international presence. These developments were made possible by the activism and engagement of several of State and non-State actors working on two levels: national and transnational advocacy, and coordinated activities of government representatives, including Brazilian diplomats, and civil society activists. The main argument of this study is that national and international policies are intertwined in this process and that domestic dynamics and societal engagement are essential but more is needed: governmental choices are also determinant. Institutional arrangements and policies shift in different conjunctures and are constantly prone to conflicts and change.
Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde: a construção (in)completa da política em um município de grande porte no Brasil
Authors: Rocha Isabela Rodrigues , Senna Maria Inês Barreiros , Oliveira Jane Saula de , Paula Janice Simpson de
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Objetiva-se analisar o processo de implantação, situação atual e perspectivas do Programa de Homeopatia, Acupuntura e Medicina Antroposófica (PRHOAMA) da rede pública de saúde de Belo Horizonte (Brasil) segundo as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC). Realizou-se estudo de caso por meio de análise documental de 32 textos oficiais; dados secundários obtidos pelo número de profissionais e procedimentos ofertados em sistemas de informação em saúde; e realização de um grupo focal com profissionais do PRHOAMA. O programa foi implantado em 1994 nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), configurando-se uma experiência pioneira no Brasil. As práticas são realizadas exclusivamente por médicos, o que diverge das recomendações da PNPIC, cujo modelo preconizado é o multiprofissional. O processo de institucionalização do PRHOAMA é parcial, não se configurando uma política pública consolidada. O PRHOAMA atende às diretrizes da PNPIC, tais como ênfase na Atenção Primária, divulgação e informação sobre as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (Pics). Entretanto, é necessário avançar na promoção do acesso aos medicamentos homeopáticos, na definição de mecanismos de financiamento e na ampliação da equipe gestora e de profissionais.
Interações envolvendo movimentos locais e trabalhadores da atenção básica no enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Farias Hannah Shiva Ludgero , Melo Eduardo Alves
Published: April 2023

RESUMO A chegada da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil trouxe consigo a necessidade de refletir sobre as medidas de prevenção que foram recomendadas e divulgadas para mitigação do vírus a partir das dificuldades de sua implementação em um país marcado por desigualdades sociais. Diante da grande capilaridade da Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira, buscou-se analisar, neste estudo, a interação entre trabalhadores da atenção básica e moradores/movimentos locais de um bairro vulnerabilizado do Recife/ PE no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, que contou com entrevistas de 6 trabalhadoras da saúde e 4 de moradores locais. Foi possível perceber diferentes iniciativas e atividades, ambas importantes, realizadas de forma simultânea por tais atores territoriais, mas evidencia-se uma interação fraca entre eles, possivelmente devido às singularidades desta pandemia com demandas novas e mais urgentes, bem como ao padrão de interação anterior à pandemia. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de refletir sobre as barreiras presentes na interface ‘Atenção Primária à Saúde-comunidade’ e abrem espaço para construção de novos caminhos que não desperdicem o potencial que existe nessa relação.
Prevalência e fatores associados à violência no trabalho contra residentes multiprofissionais durante a pandemia
Authors: Dantas Eder Samuel Oliveira , Magnago Carinne , Santos Juliano dos , Araújo Filho João de Deus de , Meira Karina Cardoso
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Estudo transversal cujo objetivo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência no trabalho (física e/ou verbal) contra residentes multiprofissionais que atuam em um hospital universitário durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Foi desenvolvido um censo, em julho de 2020, com 67 residentes. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico, avaliando-se a violência física e verbal mediante autorrelato. Associações entre a ocorrência de violência vivida durante a pandemia e as variáveis independentes (sociodemográficas, psicoemocionais e atendimento ao paciente com Covid-19) foram analisadas mediante testes estatísticos e Regressão de Poisson (RP) com variância robusta. A prevalência de violência foi de 22,4%. Diferenças entre grupos foram observadas ao comparar as ocupações e o grau de satisfação com a residência, com maior proporção de fisioterapeutas e assistentes sociais, assim como de residentes insatisfeitos entre os que relataram violência (p≤0,005). Após análise de regressão, a violência esteve associada ao aumento da idade (RP=1,25; IC95% 1,12-1,40) e a níveis de ansiedade moderados/graves (RP =2,87; IC 95% 1,12-1,40). Os achados apontam para a necessidade de implementação de medidas institucionais de prevenção e controle da violência no trabalho, considerando os fatores associados durante a pandemia.
Prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against Brazilian multiprofessional residents during the pandemic
Authors: Dantas Eder Samuel Oliveira , Magnago Carinne , Santos Juliano dos , Araújo Filho João de Deus de , Meira Karina Cardoso
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT Cross-sectional study which objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence (physical and/or verbal) against multiprofessional residents working at a Brazilian university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A census was developed in July 2020 with 67 residents. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, evaluating physical and verbal violence through self-report. Associations between the occurrence of violence experienced during the pandemic and independent variables (sociodemographic, psycho-emotional, and patient care with COVID-19) were analyzed using statistical tests and Poisson Regression (PR) with robust variance. Differences between groups were observed when comparing occupations and the degree of satisfaction with the residence, with a higher proportion of physical therapists and social workers, as well as dissatisfied residents among those who reported violence (p≤0.005). After regression analysis, violence was associated with increase in age (PR=1.25; 95%CI 1.12-1.40) and moderate/severe anxiety levels (RP=2.87; 95%CI 1.12-1.40). The findings point to the need to implement institutional measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence considering the factors associated with it during the pandemic.
A complexidade do trabalho precário na Atenção Psicossocial Territorial: reflexão crítica sobre o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Lima Israel Coutinho Sampaio , Sampaio José Jackson Coelho , Souza Karlla Christine Araújo
Published: April 2023

RESUMO Este artigo propõe compreender, na perspectiva da Teoria da Complexidade, e por meio da reflexão teórica crítica, a precarização do trabalho enquanto realidade no mercado brasileiro do trabalho público da saúde e sua influência nos resultados de uma política pública baseada no paradigma teórico/ prático da Atenção Psicossocial Territorial. Traça uma possibilidade de problematização sobre o tema central, por meio dos princípios: sistêmico, hologramático, círculo retroativo, recursivo, autonomia/ independência, dialógico e o da reintrodução do conhecimento em todo conhecimento, propostos por Edgar Morin, diante das discussões e dos estudos realizados pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Vida e Trabalho sobre a precarização do trabalho e a saúde mental em campo concreto. Essa reflexão propõe-se a ser fonte de reconhecimento para os atores, sobre as causas reais da precarização, que derivam do modo de exploração do trabalho em saúde em estreitamente próprio da aplicação do receituário neoliberal em estados burocráticos autoritários situados na periferia do capitalismo dependente. A reflexão permitiu a compreensão do todo e das partes que constituem o problema, reconhecendo as causas reais da precarização, ao contrário da culpabilização dos trabalhadores da saúde mental, diante das condições insalubres, da jornada de trabalho e da insegurança sobre os direitos sociais e direitos trabalhistas.
Epidemiologia e emancipação humana: uma revisita aos princípios da justiça
Authors: Schenkman Simone
Published: April 2023

RESUMO A epidemiologia, apesar de suas origens sócio-históricas, tornou-se hegemonicamente individual, linear, com clivagens entre os hemisférios norte e sul, entre método e teoria crítica, de onde emerge a necessidade de uma epidemiologia voltada à emancipação humana. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar de que forma a epidemiologia contra-hegemônica tem contribuído para práticas efetivas de emancipação humana na saúde pública nos diferentes níveis de justiça. Realizou-se revisão integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, Assia, Embase e SA e análise temática e cross-case. Diante de lentes ajustadas à epidemiologia crítica, reconstituímos os tensionamentos entre as diferentes formas de emancipações política e humana, nos níveis de justiça cognitiva, socioambiental e de saúde. O primeiro nível, cognitivo, é atravessado pela razão de mundo e pelo pensamento abissal e envolve os demais. O nível socioambiental foi ancorado no metabolismo socionatural-histórico e o de saúde, angustia-se entre o bem viver e as lutas fragmentadas pelos direitos à saúde universal, frente à espoliação do setor. No enfrentamento ao modelo de acumulação de capital, devemos valorizar a interculturalidade e a subjetividade. Evidenciou-se que a ‘Epistemologia do Sul’ remete a um pensamento descolonizador, orientando metodologias capazes de potencializar descobertas bem como desmistificar as relações sociais.
Adaptação Transcultural e Evidências de Validade do Questionário de Credibilidade/Expectativa
Authors: Silva Luanna dos Santos , Faro André
Published: April 2023

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivos adaptar o Questionário de Credibilidade/Expectativa (QCE) (Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire-CEQ) para o contexto brasileiro, avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas e apresentar as relações entre a credibilidade-expectativa do tratamento e variáveis sociodemográficas da amostra. Participaram 217 adultos, que declararam realizar acompanhamento psicológico, recrutados por meio de mídias sociais. Utilizou-se o QCE, o Teste de Orientação da Vida e um questionário sociodemográfico. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unidimensional para o QCE. A fim de evitar duplicidade de medida e prezar pela parcimônia, dois itens foram excluídos da versão final, fazendo com que o instrumento em português brasileiro seja composto por 4 itens. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,87 e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram satisfatórios. Observou-se associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre o QCE e o TOV-R. Concluiu-se que o QCE apresentou características psicométricas apropriadas para uso em amostras brasileiras.
Family Intervention in the Initial Adaptation of Adoptive Families: Systematic Review
Authors: Silberfarb Monique Schwochow , Silva Patrícia Santos da , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt
Published: April 2023

Abstract Considering the importance of mapping family interventions practices aimed specifically to adoption, this study sought to identify through a systematic review, how family intervention models for adoptive families are structured in initial adaptation with children from 0 to 6 years old. Four databases were consulted, which led to 9.143 results: Google Scholar (n=8.056), Science Direct (n=814), SciELO (n=43) and PsycINFO (n=230). Seven articles considered pertinent to the proposal of this study were included. As a result, it was identified that most part of the interventions were not systematically described. Although promising results were indicated, replication would not be viable due to the lack of detailing of the performed practices. There was no hegemony in the choice of intervention models. Also, it was indicated that the specificity for adoption in the interventions analyzed is not clear.
Associação entre indicadores da capacidade funcional e do estado nutricional em idosos da comunidade: uma nova abordagem
Authors: Wanderley Emilia Maria , Coimbra Arlete Maria Valente , Falsarella Gláucia Maria , Gasparotto Lívia Pimenta Renó , Barros-Neto João Araújo , Costallat Beatriz Lavras , Ferreira Daniel Miranda , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Corona Ligiana Pires , Coimbra Ibsen Bellini
Published: April 2023

Resumo Introdução Alterações na composição corporal do idoso podem ser rapidamente identificadas por profissionais de saúde na Atenção Básica, reduzindo o impacto sobre a saúde, o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional. Objetivo Identificar relações entre massa e força muscular com o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional em idosos da comunidade. Método Estudo transversal, envolvendo 323 idosos. A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada por absorciometria (DEXA) e antropometria. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada pelas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária, pela velocidade da marcha (VM) e Time Up and Go (TUG). Resultados Nesta amostra, o índice de massa magra (IMM) se mostrou associado aos indicadores do estado nutricional (IMC, CP e CC), além de ter apresentado importante correlação com a força de preensão palmar (FPP). A FPP esteve relacionada à VM e ao TUG. A análise de regressão identificou associação entre o IMC e o IMM (p<0,001), bem como entre a VM e a FPP (p=0,003). Conclusão A FPP se apresentou como importante indicador da capacidade funcional e se mostrou correlacionada com o IMM. Consequentemente, o IMM está associado aos indicadores do estado nutricional. Logo, na impossibilidade de avaliação do IMM, recomendamos a avaliação da FPP, CP e IMC como preditores de comprometimento do estado nutricional e da incapacidade funcional do idoso.
Effect of amla and ginger powders on quality criteria of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingers
Authors: Zaghlool A. , Taha I. M. , Nagib A. , Nasr A. , Elhamamsy S. M. , Abdel-Warith A. W. A. , Younis E. M. , El-Nawasany M. A. , Bauomi M. A. , El_Bahlol A. A. , Davies S. J. , Abdelghny M. F.
Published: April 2023

Abstract Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) meat isn’t preferred by consumers in compared to other fish species meat, thus to enhance the use of catfish meat, ready to eat catfish fingers were prepared with some plants additives (amla and ginger powder). The mean objective of this study was to assess the impact of amla and ginger powder on catfish finger qualities in terms of physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensorial parameters under stored at a low temperature (5 ± 1 °C). The obtained results were compared with those of a control sample (basic formula) and a sample containing the synthetic antioxidant. During the storage period, the levels of pH, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, total bacteria count, psychrophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts counts increased dramatically, although the values remained within acceptable ranges. The findings also revealed, that amla and ginger powder considerably (p < 0.05) reduced the changes in quality parameters, as well as there was a considerable increase in the quality parameter in all treated samples than in the control. Finally, amla and ginger powder can be a substitute for synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. These findings suggest that the powder of amla and ginger are suitable for use as a natural antioxidants and antimicrobials to extend the shelf-life of animal products.
The efficiency of public policies and the autonomy cost in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Paula Helton C. de , Pinho Maria M.
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT Purpose: Brazilian federalism is complex. In a country with continental dimensions, with three levels of government (central, state, and local government) and 5,570 municipalities, a federative organization is expected to be complex. The fiscal sustainability of subnational governments is a fundamental pillar of any federative structure. This research aims to verify whether the revenue generated is sufficient to pay for the municipality’s existence. Originality/value: This is a gap in the specialized literature, which usually analyzes municipalities in terms of income or expenditures but not comparing the revenue obtained by economic activity and the cost of the municipality’s existence, the main contribution of this research. Design/methodology/approach: As such, we investigated the capacity of Brazilian municipalities to generate revenues to finance their autonomies by combining the income linked to the local economic activity with the cost of the existence of each municipality into an autonomy cost index (ACI). Findings: Our analysis reveals that, of those municipalities who provided the data, one in each four does not generate enough revenues to pay for their existence. The results suggest that the ACI of Brazilian municipalities decreases with the population and business activity. Hence, our autonomy cost index performs worse in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions. This context opens space for a crucial debate and further studies within the scope of Brazilian federalism.