bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carnivorous plants: the role of
Authors: Chalk Phillip M. , Hu Hang-Wei
Published: January 2022

Carnivorous plants have access to several potential sources of nitrogen, including root uptake, predation, litterfall, atmospheric deposition and defecation by mutualistic animals. Our aim was to assess the relative importance of different N sources so as to better understand the ecology of these physiologically diverse plants that include many genera and species inhabiting terrestrial and aquatic environments worldwide. Plant physiology and habitat were the major determinants of the relative importance of N source. Our secondary aim was to examine protocarnivorous plants that do not fit the exact definition for carnivory. Several protocarnivorous plants were classified as carnivorous based on specialised trapping mechanisms, isotopic data and mixing models. Several carnivorous plants can transfer their functions of prey capture and digestion to mutualistic animal partners, which is termed ecological outsourcing. Outsourcing arthropod prey capture and digestion to mutualistic bats is a beneficial strategy for the carnivorous plant Nepenthes hemsleyana.
Improving micronutrient density in basmati rice and durum wheat through summer green manuring and elemental sulfur fertilisation
Authors: Mandi Sunil , Shivay Yashbir Singh , Prasanna Radha , Kumar Dinesh , Purakayastha Tapan Jyoti , Pooniya Vijay , Nayak Somanath , Raihan Obaidullah , Baral Kirttiranjan , Pal Madan
Published: January 2022

Rice–wheat cropping systems feed millions of people in South and East Asia. However, cereal-based foods are inherently deficient in micronutrients. A strategy involving green manuring and elemental sulfur (S) fertilisation is an innovative approach for biofortification by enhancing bioavailability of micronutrients. We conducted an experiment with a basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)–durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cropping system that comprised main plot treatments of two green manure crops, Sesbania aculeata Pers. (prickly sesban) and Crotalaria juncea L. (sunhemp), and a fallow. Sulfur as bentonite-S (90% S) was applied in subplot treatments of 20 or 40 kg S ha−1 to rice, 20 or 40 kg S ha−1 to wheat, and 20 or 40 kg S ha−1 to both rice and wheat, with a control (no S fertilisation). There were three replications in a split-plot design. Results showed that micronutrient concentrations and their uptake were in the order iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu) in both grains and straw of basmati rice and durum wheat. Compared with fallow, sunhemp green manuring increased Zn and Mn by 11%, Fe by 18% and Cu by 17% in basmati rice grain, and Zn by 21%, Mn by 8%, Fe by 12% and Cu by 8% in durum wheat grain. Compared with the no-S control, fertilisation at 40 kg S ha−1 to both rice and wheat increased Zn by 30%, Fe by 33%, Cu by 23% and Mn by 24% in basmati rice grain, as well as rice grain yield by 10%. The same treatment increased Zn by 42%, Fe by 27%, Cu by 9% and Mn by 18% in durum wheat grain, as well as wheat grain yield by 26%. Thus, green manuring and addition of 40 kg S ha−1 to both rotation crops is an effective strategy to ensure biofortification.
A prototype protein nanocage minimized from carboxysomes with gated oxygen permeability
Authors: Gao Ruimin , Tan Huan , Li Shanshan , Ma Shaojie , Tang Yufu , Zhang Kaiming , Zhang Zhiping , Fan Quli , Yang Jun , Zhang Xian-En , Li Feng
Published: January 2022

Significance

Design of nanostructured protein materials is a big challenge due to structural complexity. Even more challenging is the design of protein nanomaterials endowed with specific properties and functions. Here, we report a prototype oxygen-impermeable protein nanocage assembled from the pentameric vertex protein of β-carboxysomes, CcmL, through nanoparticle templating. We solved the structure of the cage at the atomic scale by integrating solid-state NMR spectroscopy and cryoelectron microscopy and designed a molecular patch to the pores of the cage based on the structure, establishing a gating mechanism for reversible control of the oxygen permeability. The CcmL cage can serve as a protein nanoplatform for oxygen-sensitive or -responsive storage, catalysis, delivery, sensing, etc.
Cross-α/β polymorphism of PSMα3 fibrils
Authors: Cracchiolo Olivia M. , Edun Dean N. , Betti Vincent M. , Goldberg Jacob M. , Serrano Arnaldo L.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are an important class of peptides secreted by
Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria. The toxicity to human cells and unique ability of one such peptide, PSMα3, to aggregate into an α-helical amyloid-like structure may hold a key to a better understanding of the virulence of dangerous pathogens such as methicillin resistant
S. aureus
. In reporting a detailed two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) analysis of PSMα3, we found direct evidence of multiple aggregate architectures existing in equilibrium with one another. We also discovered a unique and characteristic 2DIR spectroscopic signature that unambiguously reports on the presence of the unusual and highly cytotoxic cross-α amyloid structure.
Modeling Irony
Authors: Lozano-Palacio Inés , Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José
Published: January 2022

This book adopts a broad cognitive-pragmatic perspective on irony which sees ironic meaning as the result of complex inferential activity arising from conflicting conceptual scenarios. This view of irony is the basis for an analytically productive integrative account capable of bridging gaps among disciplines and of recontextualizing and solving some controversies. Among the topics covered in its pages, readers will find an overview of previous linguistic and non-linguistic approaches. They will also find definitional and taxonomic criteria, an exhaustive exploration of the elements of the ironic act, and a study of their complex forms of interaction. The book also explores the relationship between irony, banter and sarcasm, and it studies how irony interacts with other figurative uses of language. Finally, the book spells out the conditions for “felicitous” irony and re-interprets traditional ironic types (e.g., Socratic, rhetoric, satiric, etc.), in the light of the unified approach it proposes.
Exploring the Case Sex Segregation and the Participation of Transgender Adults in Recreational Sport in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tung Nguyen
Published: January 2022

The discussion around transgender people and sex segregation structures in sport generally has received much attention from scholars of different study fields. However, it is far from being settled. A few questions that arise out of this study include:

What are the experiences of other populations within the transgender community (non-binary people, transgender people throughout different stages of transition, transgender people who do not transition, or transgender youth and seniors) in recreational sex-segregated sport, given the current policies and guidelines in place?

How effective are the practices (e.g. education provision, social media presentation, and skill-based segregation) recommended by this case study’s participants in enhancing greater inclusivity of transgender people in recreational sport?
Production and diffusion of H2O2 during the interaction of a direct current pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a hydrogel
Authors: Suresh Manikandan , Kondeti V S Santosh K , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: January 2022

The interaction of cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets with hydrogels has been used as a model system to study the interaction of plasmas with tissues. In this study, we analyze the diffusion of reactive oxygen species (in particular H2O2) and quantify the amount of plasma-produced H2O2 species that penetrates into a gelatin hydrogel. We show that the diffusion constant of H2O2 in 10% gelatin hydrogel is similar to its diffusion constant in water and that the production of H2O2 in the hydrogel is significantly less than the production of H2O2 in distilled water for the same plasma operation conditions suggesting that the scavenging of OH radicals at the plasma-gel interface significantly reduces the H2O2 production.
Hadron–quark crossover and hybrid stars with quark core
Authors: Li Bo-Lin , Yan Yan , Ping Jia-Lun
Published: January 2022

We construct a new set of hybrid equations of state (EOSs) with a smooth hadron–quark crossover transition from hadronic matter at low densities to strange quark matter at high densities. The hadronic EOS NL3ωρ is obtained by the relativistic mean field theory, while the strange quark matter EOS is calculated by a quasiparticle model that incorporates the nonperturbative features of quantum chromodynamics. In the transition region, we use a polynomial function to interpolate the pressure as a function of the chemical potential. Most of these hybrid EOSs satisfy the mass constraint of M
TOV > 2M
⊙ and the tidal deformability constraint of Λ1.4 < 800 from GW170817. We find that the presence of strange quark matter at high densities makes the EOS softer. The maximum masses and corresponding radii for the hybrid EOSs are smaller than that for the hadronic EOS NL3ωρ. For a fixed gravitational mass of 1.4M
⊙, the central baryonic number densities for the hybrid EOSs are larger than that for the hadronic EOS, and the radii for the hybrid EOSs are smaller than that for the hadronic EOS. This means that the hybrid stars are more compact than the neutron star, and will have smaller tidal deformabilities than that for the neutron star. The radii for hybrid stars are also consistent with the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) analysis of PSR J0030 + 0451 (

M
=
1.4

4

−
0.14

+
0.15

M

⊙

,

R
=
13.0

2

−
1.06

+
1.24

km) and PSR J0740 + 6620 (M = 2.08 ± 0.07M
⊙, R = 12.35 ± 0.75 km). And the central baryonic number densities for the hybrid EOSs suggest that in the center of the hybrid stars there exists quark–hadron mixed state instead of pure strange quark matter.
An approach for identifying corrosion damage from acoustic emission signals using ensemble empirical mode decomposition and linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Chai Mengyu , Gao Zheyu , Li Yongquan , Zhang Zaoxiao , Duan Quan , Chen Ruan
Published: January 2022

Mechanical structures, such as pressure vessels and pipes, need careful inspection and monitoring to avoid serious corrosion failure. Detecting and identifying corrosion damage from acoustic emission (AE) signals is of significant importance for the safety and reliability of engineering structures in structural health monitoring. The identification accuracy largely depends on how well the damage features are being used. This paper presents a new approach for extracting effective damage features and accurately identifying different damage from AE signals during corrosion monitoring. Specifically, the proposed approach combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition and linear discriminant analysis to analyze the AE signals generated from an intergranular corrosion process. The results show that three damage modes, including environmental noise, intergranular corrosion, and the formation and propagation of cracks can be successfully detected and identified from complicated AE waveforms. The proposed approach is capable of providing reliable, direct and visualized corrosion damage detection and identification in structural health monitoring. Results from this study will guide complementary efforts aimed at detecting and identifying different damage from AE signals, and providing supporting knowledge regarding the industrial application of AE monitoring.
Novel preparation of attapulgite-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel composite and its application in flexible solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Wu Wei
Published: January 2022

After graphite oxide assisted the liquid phase shear exfoliation of attapulgite, the good dissociation and dispersion of attapulgite rod crystals are realized. Due to the spatial hindrance effect of attapulgite, which prevents the stacking of RGO sheets, the attapulgite-reduced graphene oxide three-dimensional porous hydrogel with abundant pore structure enables rapid transfer of electrolyte ions and exhibits good electrochemical performance and rate performance. The assembled flexible solid-state supercapacitor has a high operating voltage window and good flexibility and cycle stability. At a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2, it has an area specific capacitance of 127.33 mF cm−2. A series of solid-state supercapacitors can be used as the power supply for LED lights.
Extended electron tails in electrostatic microinstabilities and the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons
Authors: Hardman M R , Parra F I , Chong C , Adkins T , Anastopoulos-Tzanis M S , Barnes M , Dickinson D , Parisi J F , Wilson H
Published: January 2022

Ion-gyroradius-scale microinstabilities typically have a frequency comparable to the ion transit frequency. Due to the small electron-to-ion mass ratio and the large electron transit frequency, it is conventionally assumed that passing electrons respond adiabatically in ion-gyroradius-scale modes. However, in gyrokinetic simulations of ion-gyroradius-scale modes in axisymmetric toroidal magnetic fields, the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons can drive the mode, and generate fluctuations in narrow radial layers, which may have consequences for turbulent transport in a variety of circumstances. In flux tube simulations, in the ballooning representation, these instabilities reveal themselves as modes with extended tails. The small electron-to-ion mass ratio limit of linear gyrokinetics for electrostatic instabilities is presented, in axisymmetric toroidal magnetic geometry, including the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons and associated narrow radial layers. This theory reveals the existence of ion-gyroradius-scale modes driven solely by the nonadiabatic passing electron response, and recovers the usual ion-gyroradius-scale modes driven by the response of ions and trapped electrons, where the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons is small. The collisionless and collisional limits of the theory are considered, demonstrating parallels in structure and physical processes to neoclassical transport theory. By examining initial-value simulations of the fastest-growing eigenmodes, the predictions for mass-ratio scaling are tested and verified numerically for a range of collision frequencies. Insight from the small electron-to-ion mass ratio theory may lead to a computationally efficient treatment of extended modes.
Thermodynamics of trapped photon gases at dimensional crossover from 2D to 1D
Authors: Stein Enrico , Pelster Axel
Published: January 2022

Photon Bose–Einstein condensates are characterised by a quite weak interaction, so they behave nearly as an ideal Bose gas. Moreover, since the current experiments are conducted in a microcavity, the longitudinal motion is frozen out and the photon gas represents effectively a two-dimensional trapped gas of massive bosons. In this paper we focus on a harmonically confined ideal Bose gas in two dimensions, where the anisotropy of the confinement allows for a dimensional crossover. If the confinement in one direction is strong enough so that this squeezed direction is frozen out, then only one degree of freedom survives and the system can be considered to be quasi-one dimensional. In view of an experimental set-up we work out analytically the thermodynamic properties for such a system with a finite number of photons. In particular, we focus on examining the dimensional information which is contained in the respective thermodynamic quantities.
Effects of quantum pair creation and annihilation on a classical exclusion process: the transverse XY model with TASEP
Authors: Kavanagh K , Dooley S , Slingerland J K , Kells G
Published: January 2022

We investigate how particle pair creation and annihilation, within the quantum transverse XY model, affects the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) and Liouvillian gap of the stochastic totally asymmetric exclusion process. By utilising operator quantization we formulate a perturbative description of the NESS. Furthermore, we estimate the Liouvillian gap by exploiting a Majorana canonical basis as the basis of super-operators. In this manner we show that the Liouvillian gap can remain finite in the thermodynamic limit provided the XY model anisotropy parameter remains non-zero. Additionally, we show that the character of the gap with respect to the anisotropy parameter differs depending on the phase of the XY model. The change of character corresponds to the quantum phase transition of the XY model.
Experimental observation of topological phase transitions in a mechanical 1D-SSH model
Authors: Thatcher Luke , Fairfield Parker , Merlo-Ramírez Lázaro , Merlo Juan M
Published: January 2022

In this work, we report the experimental observation of the topological phase transition in a mechanical one-dimensional topological insulator using the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. Our mechanical system was composed of an elastic string with metallic masses emulating atomic sites and the intra- and inter-cell interaction strengths controlled by the distances, d
1 and d
2 respectively, between the masses. We observed a trivial phase with a band gap of ∼9.2 Hz ± 0.5 Hz for d
2/d
1 = 3, while the metallic phase closed the gap, d
1 = d
2, to be reopened in the topological phase as ∼8.7 Hz ± 0.5 Hz, for d
2/d
1 = 1/3, with two edge states located inside the band gap at ∼15.6 Hz ± 0.5 Hz. Our experimental observations were supported with numerical and theoretical models. Our work creates the ability to study topological phase transitions in mechanical systems with materials available in any research lab and allows an understanding of phase transitions in a visual way.
Pure annihilation decay of strange beauty meson into two charm heavy mesons
Authors: Mohammadi Behnam
Published: January 2022

In this study, the heavy to heavy decay of

is evaluated through the factorization approach by using the final state interaction as an effective correction. Under the factorization approach, this decay mode occurs only through the annihilation process, so a small amount is produced. Feynman's rules state that six meson pairs can be assumed for the intermediate states before the final meson pairs are produced. By taking into account the effects of twelve final state interaction diagrams in the calculations, a significant correction is obtained. These effects correct the value of the branching ratio obtained by the pure factorization approach from

to

. The value obtained for the branching ratio of the

decay is consistent with the experimental results.
Suitability of 3D printing materials for printing anthropomorphic phantoms: A simulation study
Authors: Dukov Nikolay , Encheva Elica , Bliznakova Kristina
Published: January 2022

The use of anthropomorphic phantoms finds an increased application in the last years. From their use in virtual studies to assessment of new imaging technologies and reconstruction algorithms. The current study proposes a resource saving approach, in terms of time and money for assessing the creation of an anthropomorphic model by means of 3D printing. A four component object consisting of segmentations of adipose, gland, skin and lesion tissues was created from an MRI image set. From the resulting object two computational breast models were created – one with the elemental composition of the real breast tissues and a second one with the elemental composition of the low cost 3D printing materials planned to be used for the phantom manufacturing. Then, an in-house developed software was used to generate mammography images, which were subjected to both visual assessment and profile comparison. In this study we used nylon and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 3D printing materials to represent the x-ray properties of the different breast tissues. The results showed that these 3D materials well represent the x-ray absorption characteristics of both glandular, adipose and skin tissues, while further investigation on suitable materials for representing the lesion characteristics is needed.
Conception and analysis of Cascaded Dual Kalman Filters as virtual sensors for mastication activity of stomatognathic craniomandibular system
Authors: Carlotta Bogena , Hovsepyan Sirarpi , Mercorelli Paolo
Published: January 2022

The presented work shows a possible methodical approach for parameter estimation of a kinematic and dynamic element that characterizes a human mandibular system during the mastication process using position measurement only. The considered parameters are the velocity, friction coefficient, and the mass of the moving part of the mandibular during the mastication activity of a human. Internal or optical motion sensors can still allow imprecision in the measurements. To overcome these, in the present work a system identification algorithm is designed using a combination of three backward cascaded Kalman Filter, which consists of three Extended Kalman Filters. The identification procedure is validated through a matching criterion based on the estimation of the mass, which is assumed to be known in the first stage of the Kalman Filter structure. Three EKFs are tuned as long as the initial value of the mandibular mass is achieved as an estimation of the third one. This is due to the fact that the optimization procedure tries to optimize a non-convex optimization problem that can admit more than one solution. The main contribution of this project is designing state estimation dynamic system, which accurately estimates friction with a linear time varying model. Friction coefficient plays an important role in the early diagnosis of temporomandibular joints disorders, since it is very low under normal condition, and an increase may be associated with abnormalities. Computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method to accurately estimate friction dynamics and refrain from complex nonlinearities.
A Physical ground for the scaling of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with the integral of squared velocity ( I2
Vp and its potential for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Vallianatos F , Spingos I
Published: January 2022

One of the main goals of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is to estimate the expected peak ground motion of the destructive S-waves using the first few seconds of P-waves, thus becoming an operational tool for real-time seismic risk management in a short timescale. EEWSs are based on the use of scaling relations between parameters measured on the initial portion of the seismic signal, after the arrival of the P-wave. Scope of the present work is to study the physical basis of the scaling laws observed between the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the integral of the squared velocity ( I2
vp ). Based on Brune’s model, which is one of the most widely adopted earthquake source models, we explore the physical principles of the scaling relations between the root mean square (rms) of the velocity acceleration recorded in the first few seconds after P-wave arrival and acceleration (recorded in S-waves) and the II2
vp . Assuming a relation between the PGA and the rms values estimated, the scaling of PGA with the integral of the squared velocity (I2
vp ) which is calculated directly from the first few seconds-long signal window (T) after the P-wave arrival obtained. The latter formulation opens the possibility of using such laws for on-site and inter-site earthquake early warning.
Layered transition metal chalcogenophosphate towards air-stable visible light photodetection
Authors: Li Changcun , Yin Huidong , Liang Lei , Jia Qiang , Liu Qing , Liu Fucai
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) multiple-element layered transition metal chalcogenophosphates (TMCPs) have received tremendous attention due to their excellent carrier mobility, and absorption coefficient, displaying great potential for optoelectronic applications. Here, the novel high-quality manganese nickel phosphorous sulfur (Mn0.24Ni0.76PS3) crystals are obtained by using chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. Further, thin flakes of Mn0.24Ni0.76PS3 are achieved and employed to prepare photodetectors. Impressively, the prepared photodetectors exhibit excellent photo-response in visible light region, such as on/off ratio, and response time, a responsivity up to 10.4 mA W−1 and a detectivity of 1.31 × 108 Jones, demonstrating great potential for future air-stable visible light photodetection.
Study on low flow resistance ventilation hose with rapid retraction in space cabin
Authors: Zhao Jian , Ren Yafei , Li Yuanyuan , E Jiming , Xie Wen , Li Zheng
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the required of high air tightness, low flow resistance, rapid expansion, easy operation on orbit and hygiene in the space cabin, a low flow resistance ventilation hose which can be retracted quickly in the cabin is proposed. The ventilation hose is composed of metal support ring, air tight composite material, quick connection connector and clamp. After sewing the adhesive tape into a cylindrical tube, it is hot-melt welded with the titanium ring. The pipe body and the quick connection joint are connected and fixed by clamps. After structural design and test verification, a hose with an extension length of 10 meters can shrink to 0.42 meters. the air tightness is 0.96 L/min and the flow resistance is 120Pa. The ventilation hose has the advantages of reliable technology, compact structure, light weight and convenient use in orbit. It provides a new technical way and equipment for the ventilation system in manned spacecraft.
Simulation Study on Flow Rate Regulation of Pasty Propellant in Lateral Extrusion Pipe
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Jian-bin , Bai Jian-qiang , Li Peng-yong , Liu Ke , Cheng Dong
Published: January 2022

The resistance structure was introduced to design a new paste propellant lateral extrusion supply channel, and a Python script-controlled solution process based on CFD software was established to achieve the optimization design and optimization goals of the resistance structure.
Research On Sensorless Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Li Haohao , Chen Qigong , Xie Wei , Lei Shouzhong
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problem that there is no position sensor to observe the rotor position and speed of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor under the traditional method of high frequency rotating voltage signal injection, the estimation accuracy of rotor position and speed is low because of the use of a variety of filters in the signal demodulation process. The generalized second-order integrator is used to replace the traditional filters to extract the high frequency response current. In order to reduce the filtering delay problem existing in the traditional signal demodulation method, a new signal demodulation method is proposed, and the rotor position estimation is compensated with appropriate phase compensation. At the same time, appropriate phase compensation is carried out for the estimation of rotor position By constructing IPMSM sensorless vector control simulation module in Simulink simulation, compared with the traditional high-frequency injection method, the improved algorithm can estimate the rotor magnetic pole position more accurately and faster in the process of sensorless control of the motor in the low speed range, and has better stability introduction.
Simulation of master-slave optimal synchronous control of double motors based on Simulink
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wu Shiling , Jia Yijun , An Zhaozhe
Published: January 2022

In the working process of vibration machinery, as the output device of power source, the synchronous running state of motor has a decisive influence on the working efficiency of vibration machinery. This paper mainly studies the control synchronization of the double-mass vibration system driven by two motors. Firstly, the dynamic model of the vibration system is established and the vertical displacement equation of the vibration system is derived. Secondly, using adaptive model and PD control algorithm, the controller of motor in vibration system is designed to achieve accurate control of motor and eccentric block motion. Finally, the vibration synchronization effect of the control system and the effectiveness of the control system are verified by modeling and simulation with MATLAB/Simulink software. The test results show that when the main motor is in different initial phases, the variable parameter controller can achieve the control synchronization of the main motor and the slave motor in a short time and achieve a better control synchronization effect. Relevant research results can provide theoretical basis for the design of double-motor vibration machinery.
Vibration pile driving system based on Sliding Mode Control
Authors: An Zhaozhe , Zhang Nan , Jia Yijun
Published: January 2022

The sliding mode variable structure synchronous control of vibration pile driving system driven by double DC motors is studied. Firstly, the model of double machine driven vibratory pile driving system is established, and the theoretical derivation of system synchronization and stability is carried out. Secondly, the sliding mode variable structure control method is used to realize the phase speed synchronous control of two motors in the vibration system. Finally, Simulink is used to verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation, and the vibration displacement of the pile driving system is simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the sliding mode variable structure control can realize the synchronous control of the double machine driven vibratory pile driving system, which provides a theoretical and practical engineering basis for the design of this type of vibratory pile driving system.
Uncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis for composite cylinder shell via data-driven polynomial chaos expansion
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhang Xinhu , Shen Kechun , Pan Guang
Published: January 2022

The mechanical properties of composite material exhibit inherent variation with uncertainty. Uncertainties in material properties propagate and result in uncertainties of mechanical performance of structure made of composite material. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is implemented to carry out uncertainty quantification (UQ) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of cylinder shell made of composite material for this paper. A case study concerning eigenvalue buckling load of composite cylinder shell is investigated. Design of experiment (DOE) is conducted by utilizing Latin hypercubic sampling. Then data-driven PCE is established and later validated. Statistical moments (mean and standard deviation) and Sobol sensitivity indices of eigenvalue buckling load are obtained respectively. It is found that the PCE can serve as an efficient approach to handle UQ and GSA in engineering applications.
Study on prediction model of surface roughness of SiCp/Al composites based on Neural Network
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhang Chaochao , Li Yikai , Yin Tingting , Zhang Hanming , Pu Jin
Published: January 2022

In order to effectively meet the actual industrial production standards and improve the prediction accuracy of composite surface roughness, a prediction model of SiCp/Al composite surface roughness based on neural network is proposed. The influence parameters of surface roughness of SiCp/Al composites are analyzed from the cutting tool parameters, and the mathematical calculation of surface roughness of SiCp/Al composites is carried out. Using neural network technology, by determining various parameters of neural network, collecting and processing various data of material surface, the surface roughness prediction model of SiCp/Al composite is constructed to realize the surface roughness prediction of SiCp/Al composite. The experimental results show that the maximum error between the actual value and the predicted value of the surface roughness of composite materials from the prediction model established in this paper is only 0.013, and the average error percentage between the actual value and the predicted value is 0.705%, which can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the surface roughness of composite materials and meet the standards of actual industrial production.
Uniformity of response of Uranium fission chambers used as neutron beam monitors
Authors: Lafont F. , Guerard B. , Hall-Wilton R. , Kanaki K.
Published: January 2022

Uranium fission chambers are commonly used for neutron beam
monitoring in neutron research facilities. The challenges brought
with the renewing or commissioning of new neutron facilities
encourage to minimize the interaction between the monitor and the
neutron beam. In order to characterize both their detection
efficiency and transmission factor, several fission chambers, have
been scanned on the CT1 monochromatic beam line of the ILL. Results
show that the monitor transparency, measured at the center of the
monitor, varies from 90% to 96%, and that the detection efficiency
varies by as much as 50% over the active area.
Ultrafast high energy electron lens radiography suitable for transient electromagnetic field diagnosis
Authors: Xiao J.H. , Du Y.C. , Li H.Q. , Zhao Y.T. , Sheng L.
Published: January 2022

Transient electromagnetic fields — during or after
laser/particle beam-target interaction — are a significant and
hardly explored parameter. This paper proposes a new method for
measuring transient electromagnetic fields, based on ultrafast
high-energy electron lens radiography, that has a high tolerance for
matter in the diagnosed region. With this method, a continuous point
strength diagnosis helps to obtain delicate. Furthermore, dual-band
diagnosis can be used to determine the field direction. To verify
its feasibility, a 50 MeV electron lens radiography beamline was
designed and optimized and a preliminary simulation for diagnosing
circular magnetic fields ranging from 170 T·μm to
680 T·μm was performed. For a number density of
2000/pixel and ±10% non-uniformity, ±15% diagnostic
field strength accuracy has been obtained. The direction diagnosis
also works well. Combined with the advantages of high-energy
electron beams, ultrafast high-energy electron lens radiography is
suitable for transient electromagnetic field diagnosis.
Feasibility of neutral particle analysis for fast-ion measurements at W7-X
Authors: Bannmann S. , Bozhenkov S. , Äkäslompolo S. , Poloskei P. , Schneider W. , Ford O. , Wolf R.C.
Published: January 2022

A preliminary study investigating capabilities of a planned
but not yet installed neutral particle analyzer
(NPA) [1,2] system combined with a
diagnostic neutral beam at Wendelstein 7-X
(W7-X) [3] is
presented. Additionally two NPAs viewing the neutral beam injection
(NBI) [4] source 8 beam and using it as neutral
source are studied. The main focus is laid on what information about
NBI fast-ion slowing down distributions can be inferred from active
NPA measurements when altering the magnetic configuration, plasma
β, density, electron temperature or radial electric field. For
an order of magnitude estimation of the passive signal a model for
penetration of neutral hydrogen recycling from the first wall is
implemented. For the active signal a diagnostic neutral beam
injector was simulated using FIDASIM [5]. The
fast-ion slowing down distributions were calculated with
ASCOT [6].

The synthetic NPA signal is found in general to be sensitive to
changes in the fast-ion distribution function. Distinct features can
be seen in the high energy active signal in the high-mirror
configuration when changing β, especially, when looking at
deeply trapped fast particles. However, for the initially planned
installation geometry of the NPA diagnostic most fast-ion
distributions exhibit only small differences in the magnitude and
especially shape. In a high density case in the standard magnetic
configuration with a central β of 8%, the fast-ion density in
the core region is too low to provide a measurable flux of charge
exchanged neutrals. The passive signal from the inner plasma regions
is found to be negligible compared to the active signal.
Design and development of the S-band high power test stand for multi-purpose applications at IHEP
Authors: Liu J.D. , Zhou Z.S. , Gan N. , He X. , He D.Y. , Ma X.P. , Wang S.C. , Dong D. , Zhang J.R. , Li J.Y.
Published: January 2022

A multipurpose S-band high-power test stand (HPTS) developed
at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of China is routinely
used for radio-frequency (RF) conditioning of couplers and resonant
structures, as well as other high-power experiments in the S-band
frequency regime. The HPTS with a peak power of 230 MW was
developed to meet requirements of various applications with multiple
frequencies (2856 MHz/2998 MHz) and power levels
(45 MW/50 MW/65 MW/80 MW) for different accelerator projects at
the IHEP, e.g. the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), Beijing
Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII), Circular Electron Positron
Collider (CEPC).

This paper describes the design and implementation of the system in
detail. The highlight of the HPTS is the impedance-matched design to
accommodate different impedances, allowing a single pulse modulator
to supply different types of klystron loads. The control system,
developed under the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control
System (EPICS), adopts a combination of Micro Telecommunications
Computing Architecture (MTCA) based low-level RF system (LLRF) and
programmable logic controller (PLC) based interlock unit
controllers, and enables a real-time data acquisition and
visualization. To ensure a high reliability and high-gradient RF
power conditioning, the interlock unit integrates various protection
features, like the short circuit load, high standing wave ratio, low
vacuum, arcing detector, and abnormal dark current. It is worth
mentioning that the entire conditioning procedure can be performed
unattended automatically controlled. The test stand has been
operated stably for more than 7,000 hours for many rounds of
high-power RF conditioning with different power/frequency
requirements, which indicates that the HPTS can provide a stable,
reliable, and automatic high-power testing for the development of
S-band related devices.
Exact and approximate mean first passage times on trees and other necklace structures: a local equilibrium approach
Authors: Förster Yanik-Pascal , Gamberi Luca , Tzanis Evan , Vivo Pierpaolo , Annibale Alessia
Published: January 2022

In this work we propose a novel method to calculate mean first-passage times (MFPTs) for random walks on graphs, based on a dimensionality reduction technique for Markov state models, known as local-equilibrium (LE). We show that for a broad class of graphs, which includes trees, LE coarse-graining preserves the MFPTs between certain nodes, upon making a suitable choice of the coarse-grained states (or clusters). We prove that this relation is exact for graphs that can be coarse-grained into a one-dimensional lattice where each cluster connects to the lattice only through a single node of the original graph. A side result of the proof generalises the well-known essential edge lemma (EEL), which is valid for reversible random walks, to irreversible walkers. Such a generalised EEL leads to explicit formulae for the MFPTs between certain nodes in this class of graphs. For graphs that do not fall in this class, the generalised EEL provides useful approximations if the graph allows a one-dimensional coarse-grained representation and the clusters are sparsely interconnected. We first demonstrate our method for the simple random walk on the c-ary tree, then we consider other graph structures and more general random walks, including irreversible random walks.
Investigation of the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of cortical bone material under combined compression and bending loads
Authors: Sun Xingdong , Xu Ke , Wang Jie , Xu Liangyuan , Fang Liangfei , Jiang Rui , Yang Yingchun
Published: January 2022

Objective service load is the load pattern of cortical bone in practical conditions. The objective service load conditions of cortical bone are complicated, usually including two or more load patterns. The mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of cortical bone material under coupling load pattern and single load pattern are diametrically different. However, nowadays, researches on the mechanical response of cortical bone have been heavily focused on the single load pattern, which couldn’t reveal the potential deformation mechanism accurately. For the purpose of obtaining the objective mechanical properties under complicated loading patterns, the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of bone material under compression-bending coupling load were investigated by in-situ test. The research shows that bending strength increased under the compression-bending coupling load than the single bending load. By in-situ observation, the variations of surface strain distribution and cracks directions were the potential reasons for the increase of the bending strength. It was found that the cracks changed from transverse fracture to integrated patterns with transverse fracture and longitudinal fracture. Larger fracture range and tortuous crack propagation increased the fracture energy dissipation, which led to an enlarged bending strength under the compression-bending coupling load. Through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the impeded effect to the increasing of bending deflection was dominant before the final fracture with the adding of the compression load. The numerical calculation result was consistent with the result of the experiment. This present work would provide new references to further studies on the mechanical behavior of cortical bone under complicated loading patterns.
Synthesis and structural analysis of beta cobalt hydroxide (ß-CoOH) nanosheets derived from ZIF 67 metal-organic framework
Authors: Manimegalai M , Annaraj J
Published: January 2022

In the present work, a facile synthesis of beta-cobalt hydroxide (ß-CoOH) nanosheets from ZIF-67 structure using thermolysis method has been described. The cobalt hydroxide nanosheets grown on carbon cloth would be highly benificial for wide-ranging applications including catalysis and batteries. The XRD studies show that the crystallite sizes are below 100 nanometers for both the ZIF structure and the derived CoOH. The compositional analysis shows that cobalt contributed more to the weight percentage. FESEM images reveal that cobalt nanosheets were grown on the carbon fiber. Also, the TEM images show that nanosheets morphology has been exhibited on the surface of carbon cloth because of the CoOH coating. Further, the chemical composition and purity of the (ß-CoOH) nanosheets on CC were perceived using EDX and XPS analyses.
Synergistic effects of Y and Nd on grain refinement of Mg-Y-Nd-Al alloy
Authors: Zhao Lili , Wang Liping , Wang Lei , Feng Yicheng , Fan Rui , Zhao Sicong , Fu Yuanke
Published: January 2022

In this study, the synergistic effects of Y and Nd on the grain refinement of the as-cast Mg-Y-Nd-Al alloy was investigated by varying Y and Nd contents while fixing their total content (Y + Nd) at 7%. When the contents of Y and Nd were 3% and 4%, respectively, the refinement was most effective and the smallest grain size of 49 ± 5 μm was achieved. The grain refinement process was primarily controlled by the heterogeneous nucleation and the growth restriction factor (Q value). Y could only form Al2RE phase with Al, while both Al2RE and Al11RE3 were formed between Nd and Al. The Al2RE phase acted as nucleation particles of α-Mg and facilitated heterogeneous nucleation; however, Al11RE3 was an unfavorable phase for heterogeneous nucleation. When the Y content was less than 3%, the quantity of Al2RE phase increased when more Y was available, which resulted in more active nucleation particles and better refinement. When the Y content exceeded 3%, the Q value (growth limiting factor) of the alloy decreased, while the quantity of Al2RE phase remained unchanged. This would lead to a decreased number of active nucleation particles and a less effective grain refinement.
Simple precipitation method to reduce the particle size of glutinous rice flour: physicochemical evaluation
Authors: Takarini Veni , Asri Lia A T W , Djustiana Nina , Hadi Bambang Kismono
Published: January 2022

Submicron- and nano-sized starch can be employed as organic filler particles in composites. Starch with this size range can be used as an alternative filler for dental impression materials that are used to create an accurate replica or mold of the hard and soft oral tissues. In this work we selected glutinous rice flour as a starch source comprising a high amylopectin content. We carried out two different precipitation methods to reduce the particle size of glutinous rice flour and evaluated the changes on the particle size, morphological, crystallinity, and thermal properties. First precipitation method involved addition of ethanol into an aqueous phase consisting of flour and water, while in the second method (instant precipitation) we added the aqueous phase into the ethanol organic phase. We observed that both methods lead to the decrease of the glutinous rice flour crystallinity from 21.85% to around 4.30%–10.99%. The precipitation also decreased the gelatinization temperature of the treated filler particles from 87.7℃ to around 80.3–85.3℃. We found the morphological transition of glutinous rice flour from polyhedral to nearly spherical-shaped particles. First method resulted in agglomerated particles that were not perfectly distributed. While by employing the instant precipitation method we successfully reduced the particle size from 3411.5 nm to 259.5 nm. To conclude, instant precipitation method offers a simple route to reduce the particle size of glutinous rice flour to submicron-sized range.
Enhanced current path by circularly and periodically-aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes for logic circuit device
Authors: Park Boik , Jang Jongsu , Kim Hyeonggyu , Seo Jiseok , Yoo Hyunjun , Kim Taehoon , Hong Yongtaek
Published: January 2022

Improving the performance of solution-processed single-walled carbon nanotube thin film transistors (SWCNT TFTs) is essential to their wide usage in next generation large-area electronic devices. However, uncontrollable tube-tube junction and random network formation from conventional solution processes of SWCNTs has limited mobility and on-current level of SWCNT TFTs. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method by switching idea of reducing coffee-ring of the conventionally solution-processed or inkjet-printed thin films. Spontaneous coffee-ring formation of the inkjet-printed droplets is found to enhance directional alignment of SWCNTs in the outer rim of the coffee-rings. The evaporation-driven capillary flow toward the rim inside induces migration of SWCNT and thus forms densely aligned SWCNT rings. Periodic connection of such rings can provide high-current path at a given voltage. Therefore, by additionally forming the periodically connected rings on a pre-established random network of SWCNT in channel area of TFTs, we significantly improved the mobility and I
on/I
off ratio of SWCNT TFTs without degradations in other electrical parameters such as threshold voltage and subthreshold swing. We also demonstrated all-solution-processed inverters with higher voltage-gain in comparison with conventional ones.