bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Rutin-Loaded Liposomes in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nautiyal Gunjan , Sharma Shiv Kant , Kaushik Dhirender , Pandey Parijat
Published: January 2025

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease, progressively
distinctive via cartilage destruction, auto-antibody production, severe joint pain, and synovial
inflammation. Nanotechnology represents one of the utmost promising scientific technologies of the
21st century. Nanocarriers could be the key to unlocking its potential by encapsulating Rutin in targeted
drug delivery systems, potentially for targeted Rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Objective:

The rationale of current research is to prepare liposomes loaded with a bioflavonoid drug
rutin for effective management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Materials and Methods:

This study investigated the formulation of rutin liposomes using the thinfilm
hydration technique, also known as the Bangham method. A Box-Behnken design was
employed to optimize the formulation parameters. The LP2 batch was then characterized for its mean
particle size, zeta potential, shape, diffraction pattern, and thermal properties. Finally, the in-vitro
anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the rutin liposomes were evaluated using appropriate
assays.

Results:

Out of thirteen batches, LP2 was found to be an optimized batch with a mean particle size of
167.1 nm, zeta potential -13.50 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 61.22%. The above results showed
higher stability of rutin liposomes. Further characterization of LP2 for morphological assessment,
XRD analysis, and DSC revealed its spherical shape less than 1 μm, polycrystalline nature, and
thermographic peak at 139°C, respectively. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and antiinflammatory
potential of LP2 revealed its maximum therapeutic potential in the reduction of
inflammation and protein denaturation when evaluated via in-vitro assays.

Conclusion:

Rutin liposomal formulation has tremendous potential for the management of
Rheumatoid arthritis due to its enhanced bioavailability, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory
properties when compared to free rutin.
Nanosystems for Intranasal Delivery of Therapeutics in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Hamidi Samin , Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza , Salatin Sara
Published: January 2025

Due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and issues with oral and other traditional routes of
administration, psychiatric disorders present significant challenges in getting therapeutics into the
brain. The nose-to-brain pathway, also known as intranasal delivery, has shown promise in overcoming
these barriers since it targets the brain directly and bypasses the BBB. This review explores
nanocarriers' potential for intranasal delivery of therapeutics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions, offer unique advantages
for enhancing the delivery of various therapeutic agents to the brain via the intranasal route.
The methodology involved conducting preliminary searches on databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect,
Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords related to "psychiatric disorders,
intranasal delivery, nose-to-brain drug delivery, and nano formulations for intranasal delivery." This
review highlights the advantages of the intranasal drug delivery pathway as a non-invasive, reliable,
and efficient method for targeting the brain by bypassing the BBB. Furthermore, it discusses the application
of various novel nanocarrier-based formulations, including nanoparticles, in-situ gels, nanoemulsions,
hydrogels, and liposomes, for the effective intranasal delivery of therapeutics in the treatment
of psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders schizophrenia, and other illnesses.
Molecular-targeted Therapy for Precision Medicine in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advancement in Cancer Targeting Strategies
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Verma Shekhar , Yaduwanshi Phool Singh , Dubey Anubhav , Kumari Mamta
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer represent significant health challenges, affecting the digestive system with often subtle symptoms that can delay diagnosis. GI cancers account for a higher global mortality rate than any other cancer, largely due to the limited availability of highly effective treatment options." Due to next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model tools, that we have learned more regarding its pathophysiology and molecular changes. Every molecular subtype has been characterised molecularly and new treatment targets have been found. Furthermore, tumour xenografts and organoids are grown from patients and are increasingly powerful resources for investigating GI patients' genetic evolution, identifying biomarkers, screening drugs, and conducting preclinical evaluations of personalised medicine approaches. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer research is rapidly evolving, with recent advance-ments in precision medicine and immunotherapy offering new treatment options. Cutting-edge therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies like BRAF and HER2 inhibitors, are showing promise in treating specific types of GI cancers. These changes are making it possible for the age of precision medicine to use a mix of clinical, genome-based, and phenotype-based methods to diagnose and treat each GI patient individually. Clin-ical trials are exploring novel combinations of therapies to enhance survival rates and reduce side effects for patients with GI cancers, including colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. These developments are reshaping the future of gastrointestinal oncology. The purpose of this review is to study the current state of knowledge about predictive biomarkers, prospective novel targeted treatments, potential causes of conflicting trial outcomes, and the prospects for precision medicine in gastric cancer in the future
100 Years of Insulin: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Pinto Gabrielle Barbosa , Junior Ivaldo Itabaiana , Magalhães Jorge Lima , Antunes Adelaide Maria de Souza
Published: January 2025

Background:

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose
levels, has increased dramatically in recent years, prompting the need for more affordable
diagnoses and treatments.

Objective:

This study aimed to conduct a brief historical and theoretical review on the development
of insulin.

Methods:

Scientific and technological data have been retrieved and analyzed with a focus on the
development of the active pharmaceutical ingredient insulin and insulin-based medicines. Data
have been retrieved from the PubMed database available via the CAPES portal

Results:

Diabetes is one of the oldest diseases in the world. The year 2021 marked the 100th anniversary
of the discovery of insulin, which transformed diabetes from a fatal disease into a
chronic disease. The extraction and purification of insulin from bovine or porcine pancreases
from slaughterhouses has enabled the pharmaceutical industry to produce insulin on a large scale.
The introduction of insulin analogs in 1996 expanded the options. Currently, commercial insulin
consists of human insulin and/or human insulin analogs.

Conclusion:

The state-of-the-art and technological development of insulin over the last 100 years
has been presented in this work. The development of new pharmaceutical technologies has led to
the obtainment of improved versions of insulin, as well as the emergence of different types of insulin.
Alongside the innovations in the development of the active ingredient and related medicines,
new formulations, methods, and routes of administration have emerged based on the pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetic, and pharmacotechnical modulations of the drug.
Synthetic Strategies for the Development of Ibuprofen Derivatives: A Classified Study
Authors: Madhavi Kuchana , Devi Barla Karuna
Published: January 2025

Ibuprofen, a widely used NSAID from the aryl propionic acid class, effectively relieves
pain, fever, and inflammation. On prolonged use, it leads to gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal toxicities,
particularly gastrointestinal ulcers. These side effects are largely attributed to the carboxylic
acid functional group common to NSAIDs. The present review highlights the different modifications
done to the carboxylic group in Ibuprofen, by various researchers such as estersgramma, amides,
hydroxamic acids, and N-substituted hydrazides, along with the integration of heterocyclic
moieties like triazoles, tetrazoles, and oxadiazoles. Additionally, Ibuprofen has been hybridized
with other drugs and complexed with metals to enhance therapeutic effects. The different synthetic
strategies that were employed were esterification, amidation, condensation, Schiff’s base formation,
etc. These modifications have resulted in derivatives with antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and
other biological activities, aiming to reduce side effects while retaining or enhancing antiinflammatory,
analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
Development of Benzimidazole Anticancer Leads for EGFR Inhibition by 3D-QSAR Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Simulation and Drug Likeness Study
Authors: Verma Ranjeeta , Verma Shweta , Abbas Nahid
Published: January 2025

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
were developed to treat breast cancer. EGFR/ErbB1 inhibition has proved to be a promising
target in breast carcinoma therapy. Drugs with benzimidazole nucleus have been approved by the
FDA for cancer treatment.

Objective:

To design and develop benzimidazole anticancer small molecules for EGFR inhibition for
the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods:

By 3D-QSAR-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular simulation and drug
likeness study.

Results:

In this research, a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore was generated with four salient features.
Namely H-bond acceptor (HBA), two ring aromatic (RA) and hydrophobic (HY) features. Its correlation-
coefficient (r) is 0.8412, RMSD of 0 .96 and with 32.84 bits cost difference value. With virtual
screening, 4 top hits were identified. Novel benzimidazole derivatives were designed (1a-ll) by using
the features of hit molecules and the pharmacophore. The novel designed small molecules that were
druggable as they passed the Lipinski and Veber rule. Novel ligands and EGFR protein interaction
were good. 1a and 1i were found to be the best-designed molecules. They had -8.6 Kcal/mol and -8.4
Kcal/mol docking interaction energy, respectively, whereas Compound 4 (reference) scored -7.4
Kcal/mol. Both these molecules were stable inside the binding pocket of the EGFR protein. The molecular
dynamic simulation study revealed that 1a attained equilibrium at 0.15nm.

Conclusion:

In silicon novel benzimidazole small molecules were designed and developed as EGFR
inhibitors to treat breast cancer.
Prevalence of the Utilization of Dietary Supplements Among Female Adults in ACCRA, Ghana
Authors: Miller Marian Esther
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The utilization of dietary supplements has spiked in Sub-Saharan Africa despite
no statistical evidence of their safety and effectiveness in disease protection, prevention and
promotion. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of the utilization of dietary
supplements among female adults in Accra, Ghana.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was carried out with a sample size of 392 female adults
in Accra, Ghana. Participants completed a valid and reliable online questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha
= 0.776 and valid at 2-tailed significant value). Pie Chart and Chi-square analyses were used
to determine the significant difference between variables.

Results:

According to the study findings, 84% of female adults in Accra, Ghana, take some form
of dietary supplements. 91% of female adults between the ages of 21-40 years old in Accra, Ghana,
consume vitamins as a form of dietary supplement. In addition, there is a statistically significant
association between age and the utilization of dietary supplements. Younger female adults utilize
dietary supplements more than older female adults.

Conclusion:

Health promotion and education are needed to provide knowledge and awareness on
dietary supplements to ensure the safety and efficacy of dietary supplement consumption.
The Potential of Natural Products in Metabolic Disease Management: A Thorough Exploration of the Case of Uganda
Authors: Ahikiriza Allan Amooti , Bukke Sarad Pawar Naik , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya , Nicholas Buyinza , Daniel Kasolo , Moses Kabali , Ddumba Sewalu Mathias Bonny , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar
Published: January 2025

As Ugandans grapple with an increase in metabolic diseases, researchers are turning to
their rich tradition of natural remedies. This review explores promising plants, such as Moringa
oleifera, bridging the gap between the wisdom of Ugandan healers and modern science. Although
these plants show potential, challenges remain. Many lack rigorous testing, standardized extracts,
and long-term safety data. To unlock their true potential, a multipronged approach is needed.
First, well-designed clinical trials are crucial to bringing together traditional healers and modern
researchers. Imagine a Ugandan pharmacist precisely measuring a Moringa oleifera extract – this
standardization ensures consistent results for future patients. Second, researchers need to delve
deeper into how these plants influence the body. Finally, long-term safety studies are essential, especially
when combined with medications. By following these steps, researchers can unleash the
true power of Ugandan natural products. This empowers Ugandans to take control of their health.
Future exploration of lesser-known plants and culturally sensitive education programs can further
equip Ugandans on their way to well-being.
The Attitudes of Dentists towards Patient Care during COVID-19 Endemic: A Study in Indonesia
Authors: Laksmiastuti Sri Ratna , Wijaya Harryanto , Astoeti Tri Erri
Published: January 2025

Background

Dentists are susceptible to COVID-19 transmission during patient care. Therefore, health protocols were recommended for dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic restrictions have been lifted, yet the awareness of COVID-19 transmission in dental care is still necessary. However, it remains unclear whether or not the health protocol is still implemented by dentists.

Objectives

The present study aimed to assess the attitudes of dentists towards patient care after COVID-19 became pandemic.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 general dentists and dental specialists in Indonesia. Data were collected using an online questionnaire through Google Forms. The questionnaire was reviewed by clinical experts. It consists of 15 statements assessing the attitudes of dentists towards patient care, along with descriptive statistics, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, Post hoc Dwass, Steel, Critchlow, and Fligner analysis when significant differences were observed in the bivariate analysis.

Results

Female dentists were more likely to show a positive attitude towards COVID-19 patients’ screening in clinical practice (p = 0.008). Different attitudes were also observed regarding the use of a negative-pressure room to prevent potentially contaminated air from entering the room and flowing outside (p = 0.012). Dental attitude in terms of COVID includes a) COVID-19 screening using rapid antigen test, especially for patients with COVID-19-like symptoms, b) the operator wearing PPE and washing hands properly according to the WHO’s six steps, and c) using negative pressure room since it is the best dental practice room type to prevent air contamination differed by geographical area (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.009) respectively.

Conclusion

A difference in the attitudes of dentists towards patient care was observed. The differences included COVID-19 patient screening before dental procedures, the use of negative-pressure rooms, and the implementation of dentists’ health protocol and personal protective equipment.
Starch-ZnCr/LDH Composite and ZnCr-LDH: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Efficiency to Remove Congo Red from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Adim Safaa , Eddahmi Mohammed , Khanchaoui Amal El , Boukontar Nezha , Mansori Mohamed , Essoumhi Abdellatif , Bouissane Latifa
Published: January 2025

Background:

To bring new materials with high performance, a large number of composites,
among others, such as starch-laminated double hydroxides (starch/ZnCr-LDH), have been
produced, which have shown significant adsorption predisposition to remove heavy metals and
dyes. These LDHs display great adsorption potential due to their high anion exchange capacity,
large surface area, and good thermal stability.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop starch-ZnCr-hydroxide composite (S/ZnCr-LDH) as a new
material and investigate its performance in removing various anionic dyes compared to ZnCr-
LDH.

Methods:

The starch-ZnCr-laminated double hydroxides (S/ZnCr-LDH) and ZnCr-LDH composites were prepared by the co-precipitation method and their structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermogravimetric/ thermal analysis (TG/DTA) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Xrays Spectroscopy (EDX).

Results:

The effects of different operating parameters, such as pH, initial CR concentration, contact
time, and adsorbent dose, on CR removal were studied. The results showed that the S/ZnCr-
LDH composite is more efficient for CR removal, reaching 99% at pH 3, while ZnCr-LDH presented
a removal efficiency of 90%. Isothermal data were processed according to the Langmuir,
Freundlich, and Temkin models. According to the results, Langmuir's isothermal model best
matched the experimental data, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 252. 92 and 236. 98 mg/g
for S/ZnCr-LDH and ZnCr-LDH, respectively. The adsorption kinetics corresponded to the PSO
model. CR dye molecules were adsorbed to different sites on the S/ZnCr-LDH composite based on
various interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces.

Conclusions:

S/ZnCr-LDH composite displays the highest capacity to remove CR dye molecules
compared to ZnCr-LDH.
Procedure of Clearing of External Ear Canal
Authors: Chaudhary Alok Kumar
Published: January 2025

The chapter underscores the vital role of ear health in dogs, covering various
aspects of the subject. It highlights the importance of a dog's ears in maintaining overall
health and well-being, focusing on sensory perception, communication, balance, and
orientation. The anatomy of the external ear is detailed, explaining the functions of its
components. The diagnostic approach for otitis externa is described, involving
observations, external ear canal cytology, diagnostic imaging, and differential
diagnosis. Basic principles of ear cleaning are outlined, including restraint and
handling, observation, and the cleaning process itself, performed manually or using
advanced techniques and solutions. Prevention strategies are provided, promoting
routine ear care, proper drying after water exposure, regular inspections, allergy
management, and collaboration with veterinarians. This abstract offers a
comprehensive overview of canine ear health, serving as a valuable resource for
veterinarians, and dog owners interested in this subject.
Diseases of Pinna and its Clinical Management
Authors: Raval Jigar , Anjaria Pranav , Pal Santanu , Rana Tanmoy
Published: January 2025

Understanding pinna diseases is essential for veterinarians, pet owners, and
anyone caring for dogs. The pinna, or external ear, plays a vital role in a dog's health
and well-being, serving as a protective barrier for the sensitive inner ear, aiding in
sound localization, and enhancing auditory perception. However, its anatomical
features make it susceptible to various diseases, including infections, parasites, allergic
reactions, traumatic injuries, and neoplastic conditions. Bacterial and fungal infections
can cause inflammation, pain, and discharge in the pinna, necessitating proper
diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics or antifungal medications. Parasitic
infestations, such as ear mites and ticks, also target the pinna and require specific
antiparasitic treatment. Allergic and immunologic disorders manifest as redness,
swelling, and itching on the pinna, demanding accurate diagnosis and management
strategies such as allergen avoidance, medications, or immunotherapy. Traumatic
injuries, like hematomas, lacerations, and avulsion injuries, may affect the pinna,
necessitating immediate attention to prevent infections and promote healing. Neoplastic
diseases, both benign and malignant, require precise diagnosis and treatment planning.
Understanding congenital and developmental disorders of the pinna is vital, as certain
breeds may be predisposed to specific malformations leading to chronic ear problems.
Genetic disorders affecting the pinna can contribute to hearing impairment or structural
abnormalities, emphasizing the need for thorough assessment and management
strategies. Recognizing the significance of pinna diseases enables early detection,
intervention, and prevention strategies, emphasizing the importance of regular ear care
and veterinary attention. By comprehending the anatomy and function of the pinna in
dogs, optimal ear health and overall well-being for canine companions can be ensured.
Ruptured Ear Drums and its Clinical Management
Authors: Roy Amitava , Rana Tanmoy
Published: January 2025

The nervous system's vestibular system is primarily in charge of preserving
the animal's balance and orientation in reaction to gravity. It recognises the head's
rotational movements, static position, acceleration, and deceleration. After then, it
synchronises the head's movement and position with the position of the eyes, trunk, and
limbs. The vestibular system's structure and the symptoms of malfunction is covered in
part one of this article. Part two explores the various illnesses that may be at the root of
this and gives in detail the proper diagnostic procedures, available treatments, and
associated prognoses.
Otitis Externa and its Clinical Management
Authors: Saritha G.
Published: January 2025

An ear is called a vestibule-cochlear organ since it enables to hear as well as
sense of balance to animals. The external portion of the ear consist of a flap known as
pinna and an opening at the base of the ear. Otitis externa is defined as an acute or
chronic inflammation of the epithelium of the external ear canal which may also
involve the pinna and it results from a combination of dynamic changes affecting the
anatomical, psychological and microbiological status of the external ear canal. The
etiological factors of the otitis externa can be categorised as predisposing factors,
primary causes, perpetuating factors and secondary causes. Predisposing factors are
those which increase the risk of developing otitis externa, whereas primary causes
directly induces otitis externa. These long-term alterations causes the skin to be
thicken, the canal to become stenosed, and a great deal of folds to form, all of which
prevent the area from being cleaned effectively and serve as a breeding ground for
secondary infections. Diagnosis of otitis externa is done by proper history and
symptomatology, roll smear examination for mites and other cytological evidence,
otoscopy, isolation and cultureantibiotic sensitivity test for selecting suitable antibiotic
for treatment. Generally otitis externa can be treated by application of suitable cleansers, topical
antibiotic and anti fungal therapy along with corticosteroids. Sometimes it is difficult to
treat chronic and recurrent otitis externa.
Otitis Media and its Clinical Management
Authors: Choudhary Nidhi S. , Mehta H. K. , Agrawal V. , Gautam Sumit , Dangi Rakesh
Published: January 2025

Otitis externa and otitis media are prevalent conditions in veterinary
medicine, frequently encountered in dogs suffering from chronic ear ailments and in
cats affected by upper respiratory diseases and polyps. Detecting otitis media
necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history and clinical
manifestations, coupled with additional diagnostic techniques to ascertain the presence
of disease within the bulla. In cases where the integrity of the eardrum cannot be
definitively assessed, it is judicious to assume the presence of middle ear pathology and
initiate appropriate management. An essential precaution is to abstain from employing
potentially ototoxic ear cleansers and topical medications in suspected otitis media
cases. The successful treatment of this condition often involves a combination of
systemic and topical therapies within the thoroughly cleaned bulla. Within the realm of veterinary practice, otitis media is an affliction that is all too
common and frequently proves to be a vexing challenge. Its diagnosis can be a
laborious and, at times, invasive process, incurring substantial costs. Otitis media
typically emanates as an extension of external ear afflictions, often arising as a
consequence of chronic otitis externa. Furthermore, the presence of otitis media can be
a causative factor in cases where treatment for otitis externa has proven ineffective,
underscoring the imperative of reaching a definitive diagnosis to guide appropriate
therapeutic interventions. Otitis media, or middle ear pathology more broadly, poses a
diagnostic conundrum, as the presenting clinical signs often mirror those of otitis
externa, rendering differentiation difficult in the absence of evident facial and/or
sympathetic nerve dysfunction. It is worth noting that otitis media can progress, in
some instances, to otitis interna, giving rise to peripheral vestibular syndrome
symptoms. This underscores the critical importance of recommending tomographic
imaging in situations where chronic otitis externa manifests as a suppurative or
proliferative condition.
Analgesia and Pain Management
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Kumar Rajesh , Patel Ritesh
Published: January 2025

Inflammation is the main cause of ear pain and it is termed as otitis. Pain is
an entirely subjective experience and in animal species the assessment of pain is more
challenging compared to humans. The pain should be recognized as early as possible in
companion animals and should be treated accordingly, particularly the acute pain. Any
types of tissue injury in the animals can be generator of pain. At times pain may occur
in the absence of such causative factors also. Understanding the mechanisms of pain is
very important for successful prevention and treatment. Assessment of pain is a vital
and essential part of patient evaluation not only in individuals presented with a problem
of pain but also in routine check-up individuals. Different classes of pharmacological
agents are available and they are used for the management of pain. The chapter intends
to present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute
and chronic pain in animals.
Revisión de la Literatura sobre el Rendimiento de la Inversión ESG: Un Estudio Bibliométrico
Authors: Monzón Citalán Rony Estuardo , Díaz Tinoco Jaime , Morales Castro Arturo
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las tendencias en la literatura sobre el rendimiento de la inversión ESG, identificando temas clave, enfoques metodológicos y áreas de concentración. Se revisaron 676 artículos científicos extraídos de la base de datos Scopus (2006-2024), utilizando análisis bibliométrico y de contenido mediante el paquete Bibliometrix de RStudio y el software VOSviewer. Los resultados destacan a los autores más influyentes, los artículos más citados, la evolución temática y la red de colaboración entre investigadores. El análisis revela cinco temas predominantes: (1) teorías de inversión responsable, (2) marcos de divulgación ESG, (3) impacto en los mercados financieros, (4) discrepancias en las calificaciones ESG y (5) temas emergentes como la pandemia de COVID-19 y el cambio climático. Se recomienda investigar el rendimiento ajustado al riesgo en países emergentes, especialmente en América Latina. Una limitación del estudio es la consideración exclusiva de artículos indexados en Scopus. Los hallazgos proporcionan una base sólida para futuros estudios sobre dimensiones emergentes de este campo. Se concluye que el rendimiento sigue siendo un tema controvertido, con resultados heterogéneos a nivel global.
Optimization of Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Collectors Using Advanced Turbulator Designs and Nanofluids
Authors: Pourfallah Mohsen , Languri Ethan
Published: January 2025

Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are essential for solar thermal energy systems, and their thermal efficiency can be significantly enhanced using turbulators and nanofluids. This numerical study introduces three novel fin-spiral turbulator configurations (4, 7, and 10 blades) to enhance heat transfer within the absorber tube. Additionally, three nanofluid types including water-based single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), cupric oxide (CuO), and a hybrid SWCNT-CuO, at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% were evaluated. The simulations, conducted in ANSYS-FLUENT under steady-state turbulent flow conditions, revealed that the 10-blade turbulator improved the heat transfer coefficient by 12.25% compared to a plain tube, while the hybrid SWCNT-CuO/water nanofluid exhibited a 24.8% increase in thermal conductivity compared to the base fluid. Furthermore, a maximum pressure drop increase of 44% was observed for the hybrid nanofluid at 5% volume concentration and a Reynolds number of 12,500. The study also demonstrated that the Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) improved by 15.6% for the hybrid nanofluid compared to CuO/water nanofluid. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining fin-spiral turbulators and hybrid nanofluids to optimize the thermal and hydraulic performance of PTC systems.
Las buenas prácticas en Ficología descriptiva e interpretativa
Authors: F. Pedroche Francisco
Published: January 2025

Para lograr que la taxonomía alcance la relevancia que debiera tener y que ha perdido últimamente se sugieren algunas acciones que hemos llamado buenas prácticas. En la ficología descriptiva se sugiere la citación de referencias en la determinación de especies, la revisión ortográfica de los nombres y el uso completo de las especies, incluir una diagnosis y una descripción, documentar los registros nuevos a una región o país, evitar el uso de la taxonomía abierta, discutir la presencia de una especie fuera de su área conocida y referir los ejemplares de herbario o colección. En la ficología interpretativa se sugiere revisar el elenco de taxones bajo análisis, emplear solo nombres aceptados o correctos, opinar sobre los sinónimos heterotípicos, evaluar la distribución de los taxones tanto los externos a su área de distribución como los de localidades particulares y finalmente, explicar los criterios que reúnen los datos como unidades.
Contribución para la crítica de la razón populista
Authors: Vázquez Flores Marco Antonio
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo analiza la reconfiguración del término “populismo” en América Latina a partir del giro antineoliberal de principios del siglo XXI en la región. Se argumenta el resurgimiento del concepto, tanto desde el discurso del poder como desde el discurso de izquierda; se aborda la necesidad de explorar el debate en torno de este para comprender su especificidad científica y su uso estratégico en la disputa por el poder. En otro momento, se analiza la reconfiguración del concepto en las últimas décadas como parte de una estrategia mediática para derrotar a los gobiernos de izquierda, por lo que se caracteriza a este como un discurso cínico.
Una aproximación a la estimación subnacional de eficiencia en la escolaridad adquirida
Authors: Mendoza Carrasco Ilvin
Published: January 2025

En República Dominicana, la literatura es limitada respecto de estimaciones de eficiencia subnacionales de resultados educativos. Este ejercicio consiste en la aplicación de un modelo DEA orientado a insumos, relacionados al aprendizaje adquirido, medidos por la calificación diagnóstica para del aprendizaje para la educación secundaria. Como insumos se utilizan la calificación de evaluación docente, la proporción de hogares de grupos socioeconómicos más carenciados, la ratio de docentes por centro, de alumnos por aula y por docente, por provincia. Los resultados muestran ineficiencia a nivel nacional, en un promedio de eficiencia en el modelo con retornos constantes de 0.51, con rendimientos variables de 0.68 y eficiencia a escala de 0.74. Nueve provincias de 32 produjeron la calificación obtenida con eficiencia de escala. Los hallazgos invitan a los hacedores de política a profundizar en la mejora sustancial del sistema educativo para la asignación más eficiente de los recursos a nivel territorial.
Problematika Aturan Pemungutan Suara Ulang dalam Perselisihan Hasil Pemilu Presiden dan Wakil Presiden
Authors: M Rizqi  , Arysandi Didan Neofal
Published: January 2025

Permasalahan ketidakjelasan regulasi terkait pelaksanaan Pemungutan Suara Ulang (PSU) dalam Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden menjadi tantangan penting dalam menjamin proses pemilu yang adil. Regulasi yang ada saat ini terutama Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum dan PKPU Nomor 25 Tahun 2023 tentang Pemungutan dan Penghitungan Suara dalam Pemilihan Umum menunjukkan adanya perbedaan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum ketika PSU melibatkan lebih dari dua pasangan calon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik dalam pelaksanaan PSU, terutama pada kasus yang memunculkan ketidakpastian hukum. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis undang-undang terkait, putusan pengadilan, dan studi doktrinal untuk mengidentifikasi area kunci yang memerlukan perbaikan regulasi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya harmonisasi antar aturan menyebabkan kesulitan bagi otoritas pemilu dalam menyelenggarakan PSU. Selain itu, panduan yang kurang memadai serta ketiadaan pedoman teknis yang jelas menghambat pelaksanaan PSU, yang berpotensi merusak integritas pemilu. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan UU Pemilu  merupakan kebutuhan mendesak agar PSU dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien serta mengurangi potensi permasalahan hukum dalam pemilu yang akan datang.
Rekonstruksi Pemaknaan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA) atas Hutan Adat
Authors: Jemarut Wihelmus , Webliana B Kornelia
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyze the rights of Customary Law Communities (MHA) over Customary Forests. The research method used is normative with a conceptual and legislative approach. The concept or theory used is the property rights theory. The results of the study indicate that MHA rights in laws and regulations only include access rights, rights to collect results, and management rights. Based on the property right theory, what MHA does not have is the right to exclude - the right to determine who has access rights or the right to determine the participation/exclusion of other parties in the area - and the right to sell or transfer rights. The researcher recommends that the only MHA rights that need to be revoked by the state in controlling customary forests are the right to sell or the right to transfer.
Problematika Verifikasi Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu: Urgensi Perubahan dan Konsep Perbaikan Regulasi
Authors: Wijaya Atmaja , Fadli Rakha Imadi
Published: January 2025

This research examines problems related to the verification process of political parties participating in the 2024 election, namely where there are differences in the verification process given to parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties or new political parties. Where the parliamentary party does not go through a factual verification process, only through administrative verification. Meanwhile, new or non-parliamentary political parties must go through an administrative verification process and also factual verification. The aim of this research is to explain the problems in the verification process both in terms of normative and impellative rules in the field. This research is included in the category of normative legal research, which reviews and examines statutory regulations. The approach used is a statutory approach, which is used to examine the problems of verifying political parties participating in elections. The findings and results in this research are important for improving regulations related to the verification of political parties participating in elections, by including that there are no differences in the verification process for political parties to become election participants, so that there is no discrimination and for the sake of justice and legal certainty, the regulations can be improved. regulated at the same level as the Election Law which is based on the Election Law.
EFFECTS OF TOCILIZUMAB AND SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COVID-19
Authors: Osmani Zudi , Paralija Belma , Baljić Rusmir
Published: January 2025

Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, with a high mortality, especially in patients with underlying diseases. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may express an immune response such as cytokine storm or macrophage activation syndrome, which can lead to organ failure and death.Some studies suggest that corticosteroid and tocilizumab can improve the respiratory status and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the potential effect of the use of tocilizumab and corticosteroids in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases on the clinical course and outcome during COVID-19 infection.
Methods: We performed an observational retrospective study of adult patients admitted to “Travnik” and “Jajce” Hospital, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 01.03.2020 and 01.12.2022 with confirmed COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Results: The majority of patients (110 or 60.4%) had previously reported cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular disease included earlier myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac surgery, compensated cardial disease, and acute myocardial infarction. Total of 159 (87.4%) patients received corticosteroids during treatment. Tocilizumab has been used in 16 patients; nine survived and seven died.
Conclusion: Even some studies proved that it might improve clinical presentation and prevent lethal outcomes; in our study there were no significant results to confirm this thesis.
           
Peer Review History:
Received 28 September 2024;   Reviewed 15 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
DATA-DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION IN PHARMACY OPERATIONS: A PRESCRIPTION FOR ENHANCED PATIENT CARE
Authors: Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
Published: January 2025

The convergence of patient care and business efficiency in community pharmacies through a Comprehensive Datafication Approach marks a transformative journey toward enhanced healthcare services and operational effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine diverse perspectives on datafication, AI, and emerging technologies in healthcare, with a particular focus on optimizing community pharmacy operations. The implementation of a Comprehensive Datafication Approach in community pharmacies significantly impacts overall operational efficiency and patient care outcomes. The strict criterion mandates studies to report outcomes related to patient care, business efficiency, or operational metrics, ensuring selected literature aligns cohesively with research objectives, providing a robust basis for exploring dimensions associated with optimizing community pharmacy operations through datafication. Drawing from multiple studies, our exploration encompasses the challenges and potentials inherent in the integration of digital technologies. As we delve into the optimization of community pharmacy operations through AI, these diverse perspectives contribute to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in data-driven healthcare transformation. The integration of AI necessitates ethical considerations, inclusive practices, and a balance between optimization goals and individual rights, ensuring a holistic approach to healthcare datafication.
                
Peer Review History:
Received 2 October 2024;   Reviewed 17 November; Accepted 24 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
A RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF BLOOD COAGULATIVE PARAMETERS PT, KPTT, PROTEIN C, AND ANTITHROMBON III IN 95 PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
Authors: George Zhu  , Broekmans AW  , Bertina RM
Published: January 2025

Background: The liver is a crucial synthesis of blood coagulation factors and anticoagulative serine proteases such as protein C(PC) and antithrombin III (ATIII), which exerts a key role in the regulation of hemostatic balance. Activated protein C(APC) and protein S complex inactivate the activated factor Va and VIIIa, thus limiting Xa and thrombin formation. The excess protein S can drive cancer cellular proliferation and cell survival through oncogenic receptor Axl. In presence of heparin binding, antithrombin III (ATIII) and thrombin form an inactive complex in a 1:1 molar ratio. ATIII also inactivate factor IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa at slow rate. In the setting of liver diseases, this reduced dysregulation can be attributed to decreased synthesis by the liver and increased consumption of coagulative factors and protein C and ATIII.
Methods: In current study, using routine detection for the blood coagulative parameters in 75 patients with liver diseases.
Results: The results showed that there exist one or three coagulative parameters PT, KPTT, and TT abnormal longer. Moreover, the abnormal intensity of coagulative parameters was associated to the severity of liver diseases. In our detection of 20 liver cirrhosis, the results showed significantly decreased plasma protein C antigen (PC:Ag 0.5501 vs 1.0578 µ/ml) and antithrombin III level (ATIII: Ag 21.8 vs 39.8 mg/dl, ATIII:C 40.25 vs 105.04%), respectively.
Conclusions: The measurement of multidispillary analyses of coagulative and anticoagulative system protein C and ATIII level are helpful to monitoring the liver diseases and might play a predictable marker.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 13 September 2024;   Reviewed 20 November; Accepted 26 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTIONS OF QUST AL HINDI (Saussurea lappa) ROOT
Authors: Sukmawati  , A. Muflihunna
Published: January 2025

Background: Qutsh al Hindi (Saussurea lappa), commonly known as Indian wood, is a traditional medicine that had been used empirically as anti-inflammatory and pneumonia. Its potential as anti-inflammatory activity is proven by many researches in vitro and in vivo.
Aim and objective: This study aims to identifying active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of Qutsh al Hindi (S. lappa) using GC-MS.
Method: The extract was obtained by powder of S. lappa roots using maceration method and evaporated to obtained thick extract. Then, the isolate of extract would be fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The compounds that carried out by fractionation would be identified using GC-MS.
Result: Based on this research, the analysis of S. lappa ethyl acetate fraction showed 119 compounds using GC-MS. Other supporting factors using Mass Chromatography. The result was one of target compound identified, i.e. β-cyclocostunolide, a derivate compound from costunolide that has an anti-inflammatory activity.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that a fraction of S. lappa roots ethyl acetate contain β-cyclocostunolide as anti-inflammatory compounds.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 11 September 2024;   Reviewed 12 November; Accepted 25 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Recursive Quantum Relaxation for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Authors: Kondo Ruho , Sato Yuki , Raymond Rudy , Yamamoto Naoki
Published: January 2025

Quantum optimization methods use a continuous degree-of-freedom of quantum states to heuristically solve combinatorial problems, such as the MAX-CUT problem, which can be attributed to various NP-hard combinatorial problems. This paper shows that some existing quantum optimization methods can be unified into a solver to find the binary solution which is most likely measured from the optimal quantum state. Combining this finding with the concept of quantum random access codes (QRACs) for encoding bits into quantum states on fewer qubits, we propose an efficient recursive quantum relaxation method called recursive quantum random access optimization (RQRAO) for MAX-CUT. Experiments on standard benchmark graphs with several hundred nodes in the MAX-CUT problem, conducted in a fully classical manner using a tensor network technique, show that RQRAO not only outperforms the Goemans-Williamson and recursive QAOA methods, but also is comparable to state-of-the-art classical solvers. The code is available at https://github.com/ToyotaCRDL/rqrao.
Can QBism exist without Q? Morphophoric measurements in generalised probabilistic theories
Authors: Szymusiak Anna , Słomczyński Wojciech
Published: January 2025

In a Generalised Probabilistic Theory (GPT) equipped additionally with some extra geometric structure we define the morphophoric measurements as those for which the measurement map sending states to distributions of the measurement results is a similarity. In the quantum case, morphophoric measurements generalise the notion of a 2-design POVM, thus in particular that of a SIC-POVM. We show that the theory built on this class of measurements retains the chief features of the QBism approach to the basis of quantum mechanics. In particular, we demonstrate how to extend the primal equation ('Urgleichung') of QBism, designed for SIC-POVMs, to the morphophoric case of GPTs. In the latter setting, the equation takes a different, albeit more symmetric, form, but all the quantities that appear in it can be interpreted in probabilistic and operational terms, as in the original 'Urgleichung'.