bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Salmonella Serogroups and Distinction Between Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Based on ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Napoleoni Maira , Ceschia Stefano , Mitri Elisa , Beneitez Elisa Eleonora , Silenzi Valentina , Staffolani Monica , Rocchegiani Elena , Blasi Giuliana , Gurian Elisa
Published: November 2024

Salmonellosis is the second-most commonly reported foodborne gastrointestinal infection in the European Union and a major contributor to foodborne outbreaks globally. Salmonella serotyping differentiates typhoidal strains requiring antibiotic therapy (e.g., serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B-d-tartrate negative, Paratyphi C) from typically self-limiting non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) strains, making precise identification essential for appropriate treatment and epidemiological tracking. At the same time, the ability to identify the serogroup of Salmonella, regardless of which of the above two groups it belongs to, provides an important initial epidemiological indication that is useful for case management by competent health authorities. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with a machine learning algorithm to identify four key Salmonella enterica serogroups (B, C1, D1—including typhoidal strains such as S. Typhi—and E1) directly from solid monomicrobial cultures without sample pretreatment. The system was paired with I-dOne software v2.2 already able to detect Salmonella spp., possibly leading to the characterisation of both the species and serotype from one colony. The multivariate classification model was trained and validated with 248 strains, with an overall accuracy of >98% over 113 samples. This approach offers a potential rapid alternative for clinical labs without serotyping facilities.
Detection of Elementary White Mucosal Lesions by an AI System: A Pilot Study
Authors: La Mantia Gaetano , Kiswarday Federico , Pizzo Giuseppe , Giuliana Giovanna , Oteri Giacomo , Cimino Mario G. C. A. , Di Fede Olga , Campisi Giuseppina
Published: November 2024

Aim: Accurately identifying primary lesions in oral medicine, particularly elementary white lesions, is a significant challenge, especially for trainee dentists. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model for the detection and classification of elementary white mucosal lesions (EWMLs) using clinical images. Materials and Methods: A dataset was created by collecting photographs of various oral lesions, including oral leukoplakia, OLP plaque-like and reticular forms, OLL, oral candidiasis, and hyperkeratotic lesions from the Unit of Oral Medicine. The SentiSight.AI (Neurotechnology Co.®, Vilnius, Lithuania) AI platform was used for image labeling and model training. The dataset comprised 221 photos, divided into training (n = 179) and validation (n = 42) sets. Results: The model achieved an overall precision of 77.2%, sensitivity of 76.0%, F1 score of 74.4%, and mAP of 82.3%. Specific classes, such as condyloma and papilloma, demonstrated high performance, while others like leucoplakia showed room for improvement. Conclusions: The DL model showed promising results in detecting and classifying EWMLs, with significant potential for educational tools and clinical applications. Expanding the dataset and incorporating diverse image sources are essential for improving model accuracy and generalizability.
Influence of Feeding on IL-2 Gene Expression and Peak Blood Cyclosporine Concentration in Healthy Dogs Administered Oral Cyclosporine
Authors: Pan Marianne , Archer Todd , Mackin Andrew , Wills Robert , Narayanan Lakshmi , Raessler Jana , Summers Stacie
Published: November 2024

The administration of modified cyclosporine with food has been reported to decrease oral bioavailability. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamic effects of oral modified cyclosporine in healthy dogs when administered with and without food. In this randomized, crossover study, eight client-owned dogs received a commercial formulation of modified cyclosporine (median dose, 3.5 mg/kg PO q12h) with food (fed phase) or one hour before food (fasted phase) for 7 days. Two hour post capsule administration was used as the expected time of peak cyclosporine concentration. Peak cyclosporine blood concentration measured by antibody-conjugated magnetic immunoassay and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA expression assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were measured at baseline, seventh day of each phase, and after a 21-day washout. Three dogs were withdrawn due to refractory anorexia. For the five dogs that completed this study, no difference in cytokine expression (p = 0.9) was found when comparing qRT-PCR values between the fed and fasted phase. All dogs achieved post-treatment IL-2 expression corresponding with “moderate” levels of immunosuppression or higher after both phases. No difference in peak blood cyclosporine concentration was found between the 7th day of the fed phase (median, 2042; range, 1484–2100 ng/mL) and fasted phase (median, 1990; range 1137–2100 ng/mL; p = 0.8). Feeding dogs at the time of the administration of oral modified cyclosporine can achieve similar suppression of IL-2 expression and blood concentrations two hours post drug administration as compared to when the drug is administered without food.
Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Derived Postbiotic in Adult Labrador Retrievers Undergoing Exercise and Transport Stress
Authors: Timlin Claire L. , Mccracken Fiona B. , Dickerson Sarah M. , Skaggs Patrick M. , Fowler Jason W. , Jalukar Sangita , Coon Craig N.
Published: November 2024

Postbiotics are emerging as potential functional ingredients for companion animal diets. This study aimed to determine if a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based postbiotic can alter cytokine and stress responses to exercise and transport stress in adult Labrador Retrievers. Dogs received 15 g ground corn germ (Control, n = 12), 7.5 g postbiotic (Low, n = 12), or 15 g postbiotic (High, n = 12), daily for 63 days. Exercise was twice weekly for 7 weeks, and a single transport per dog occurred in week 8. Fecal inflammatory biomarkers, serum chemistries, and complete blood counts were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Serum cytokines were quantified before and 18–20 h after the first and last exercise runs. Gait analysis was assessed before and 24 h after the first and final runs. Saliva cortisol was measured before and after transportation. Treatment did not affect blood chemistries, gait, fecal biomarkers, or saliva cortisol (p ≥ 0.19). Eosinophils increased slightly in Controls (p = 0.01), though remained below 0.80 × 109 cells/L. Most cytokines were unaffected by treatment (p ≥ 0.15), but there were minor changes in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p = 0.01) and IL-8 over time at the initial run (p = 0.03) and IL-10 in males (p = 0.02) in the Low dose dogs. The High dose decreased Blautia (p = 0.04) slightly and tended to decrease Fusobacterium abundances (p = 0.07). The Low dose tended to increase Clostridium hiranonis (p = 0.07) slightly. The tested S. cerevisiae postbiotic produced small changes in immune function and gut microbial species in dogs.
Direct Acceleration of an Electron Beam with a Radially Polarized Long-Wave Infrared Laser
Authors: Li William H. , Pogorelsky Igor V. , Palmer Mark A.
Published: November 2024

Direct laser acceleration with radially polarized lasers is an intriguing variant of laser-based particle acceleration that has the potential of offering GeV/cm-level energy while avoiding the instabilities and complex beam dynamics associated with plasma wakefield accelerators. A major limiting factor is the difficulty of generating high-power radially polarized beams. In this paper, we propose the use of CO2-based long-wave infrared (LWIR) lasers as a driver for direct laser acceleration, as the polarization insensitivity of the gain medium allows a radially polarized beam to be amplified. Additionally, the larger waist sizes, Rayleigh lengths, and pulse lengths associated with the long wavelength could improve the injection efficiency of the electron beam. By comparing acceleration simulations using a near-infrared laser and an LWIR laser, we show that the injection efficiency is indeed improved by up to an order of magnitude with the longer wavelength. Furthermore, we show that even sub-TW peak powers with an LWIR laser can provide MeV-level energy gains. Thus, radially polarized LWIR lasers show significant promise as a driver of a direct laser-driven demonstration accelerator.
Tunable Color Emissions in a Single CdTe Nanowire Based on Complex Optical Transverse Nonlinear Effects
Authors: Guo Lijun , Xu Lihao , Fan Changjiang , Zhang Yunfei , Yang Hao , Li Mengwei , Xin Chenguang
Published: November 2024

Tunable color emissions, emerging from a single CdTe nanowire, are demonstrated experimentally based on optical transverse nonlinear effects. The pumping light at different wavelengths (e.g., 1064 nm and 980 nm) is coupled to a nanowire at both ends via evanescent-field coupling. The light at different wavelengths (e.g., 510 nm, 532 nm, and 713 nm) can be simultaneously assessed using complex optical transverse nonlinear effects, including transverse sum-frequency generation (TSFG), transverse second-harmonic generation (TSHG), and two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced fluorescence. By changing the wavelength and the power of the pumping lights, the spectra of the transverse light emissions change as well, leading to tunable color emissions at the single-nanowire level with a Rec. 2020 coverage of ~21.6%. The results indicate the potential of transverse nonlinear effects in applications ranging from optical display and spectroscopy to communication.
Underwater Dynamic Polarization-Difference Imaging with Greater Applicability
Authors: Deng Jinxin , Zhu Jingping , Li Haoxiang , Kuang Yucai , Li Angze , Liu Xiaofang
Published: November 2024

Available polarization-difference imaging techniques face serious challenges in imaging speed and application range. To address these issues, this paper proposes an underwater dynamic polarization-difference imaging method with greater applicability. First, the intensity distribution of backscattered light is estimated via the Stokes vector. Afterward, the differential operation between the total intensity of light and the amplified estimation result of backscattered light makes clear imaging immediately accessible. Regardless of the movement states and polarization characteristics of the target, experimental results consistently demonstrate that the backscattered light can be eliminated to a great extent, and imaging quality and applicability are significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the proposed method is immune to unexpected factors such as uneven illumination and has good stability. More importantly, there are also apparent advantages in terms of imaging time.
An Efficient Weed Detection Method Using Latent Diffusion Transformer for Enhanced Agricultural Image Analysis and Mobile Deployment
Authors: Cui Yuzhuo , Yang Yingqiu , Xia Yuqing , Li Yan , Feng Zhaoxi , Liu Shiya , Yuan Guangqi , Lv Chunli
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an efficient weed detection method based on the latent diffusion transformer, aimed at enhancing the accuracy and applicability of agricultural image analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a precision of 0.92, a recall of 0.89, an accuracy of 0.91, a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.91, and an F1 score of 0.90, indicating its outstanding performance in complex scenarios. Additionally, ablation experiments reveal that the latent-space-based diffusion subnetwork outperforms traditional models, such as the the residual diffusion network, which has a precision of only 0.75. By combining latent space feature extraction with self-attention mechanisms, the constructed lightweight model can respond quickly on mobile devices, showcasing the significant potential of deep learning technologies in agricultural applications. Future research will focus on data diversity and model interpretability to further enhance the model’s adaptability and user trust.
A LabVIEW-Based Generalized Experimental Test Platform for Precision Machining Control Algorithms
Authors: Song Jian , Cao Liangyu , Wang Yiming , Zhang Fuzheng , Shi Yixin , Wang Guina , Li Xinlin , Chen Yiyang
Published: November 2024

Precision machining technology has received significant attention from researchers and engineers. With the increasing complexity of product designs and continuous advancements in high-tech industries, the precision requirements for manufacturing are constantly escalating. For researchers who are new to precision machining, conducting experiments directly on commercial equipment is resource-intensive and does not accommodate diverse working scenarios. Therefore, designing a generalized precision machining experimental test platform is particularly important. This paper presents a practical plan to construct such a platform, integrating key components such as a gantry-type Cartesian coordinate robot, a 2D rotary table, a 2D precision slide stage, a galvanometer, and a telecentric lens. The platform serves as a test environment for verifying the feasibility of various precision machining control algorithms. It not only demonstrates the desired stability and scalability but also offers a user-friendly operational interface via the LabVIEW front panel. This facilitates simple and efficient experimental operations, providing an effective and reliable environment for testing precision machining control algorithms.
Adaptive Enhancement of Thermal Infrared Images for High-Voltage Cable Buffer Layer Ablation
Authors: Zhan Hao , Zhang Jing , Lan Yuhao , Zhang Fan , Huang Qinqing , Zhou Kai , Wan Chengde
Published: November 2024

In recent years, ablation of the buffer layer in high-voltage cables has become a prevalent issue compromising the reliability of power transmission systems. Given the internal location of these faults, direct monitoring and assessment are challenging, resulting in numerous undetected ablation hazards. Previous practice has demonstrated that detecting buffer layer ablation through surface temperature distribution changes is feasible, offering a convenient, efficient, and non-destructive approach. However, the variability in heat generation and the subtle temperature differences in thermal infrared images, compounded by noise interference, can impair the accuracy and timeliness of fault detection. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces an adaptive enhancement method for the thermal infrared imaging of high-voltage cable buffer layer ablation. The method involves an Average Gradient Weighted Guided Filtering (AGWGF) technique to decompose the image into background and detail layers, preventing noise amplification during enhancement. The background layer, containing the primary information, is enhanced using an improved Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to accentuate temperature differences. The detail layer, rich in high-frequency content, undergoes improved Adaptive Bilateral Filtering (ABF) for noise reduction. The enhanced background and detail layers are then fused and stretched to produce the final enhanced thermal image. To vividly depict temperature variations in the buffer layer, pseudo-color processing is applied to generate color-infrared thermal images. The results indicate that the proposed method’s enhanced images and pseudo-colored infrared thermal images provide a clearer and more intuitive representation of temperature differences compared to the original images, with an average increase of 2.17 in information entropy and 8.38 in average gradient. This enhancement facilitates the detection and assessment of buffer layer ablation faults, enabling the prompt identification of faults.
Research on CO2 Desorption Using Microwave-Assisted Novel Blended Alkanolamine Formulations
Authors: Rehemituli Rezeye , Zhang Ziheng , Yang Xuemei , Yang Fan , Liu Yansheng , Hou Junwei
Published: November 2024

Traditional alkanolamine absorption methods for CO2 capture suffer from significant absorbent loss and high regeneration energy consumption. To address this issue, novel blended alkanolamine formulations based on monoethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 2–amino–2–methyl–1–propanol (AMP) were investigated. Based on the optimization of CO2 absorption conditions, a low–temperature and high–efficiency microwave heating desorption method for CO2 was proposed, and the microwave heating desorption process of a CO2 alkanolamine absorption solution was optimized. The results show that when the mass ratio of monoethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 2–amino–2-methyl–1–propanol (AMP) was 4:5:1, the composite alkanolamine solution with a concentration of 20% had the best absorption effect at an absorption temperature of 30 °C. The desorption efficiency of this group of formulations at 95 °C reached 89% in 4 min. Compared with the traditional heating desorption method, the CO2 desorption rate of the microwave heating method at 95 °C increased by 62%, the desorption time was significantly shortened, and the energy consumption was significantly reduced. This study provides a new research direction for the efficient and low-energy desorption of CO2 by blended alkanolamine.
Structure and Activity of β-Oligosaccharides Obtained from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake)
Authors: Jia Wei , Wang Wenhan , Yu Yanzhen , Wang Huimin , Zhang Hongtao , Liu Peng , Zhang Meiyan , Li Qiaozhen , Zhang Henan , Li Huaxiang , Zhang Jingsong
Published: November 2024

The structure and characteristics of LEOPs, β-oligosaccharides from the fruiting body of Lentinus edodes obtained via acid degradation and gel permeation chromatography, were investigated. We performed high-performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and correlated activity experiments, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and liver injury protection to gain insights. LEOPs comprised an oligosaccharide (Mw 2445 Da) based on six β-1, 3-D-glucose residues as the main chain and six β-1, 6-D-glucose residues as the side chain. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that LEOPs directly bound to dectin-1, which facilitated their immunoenhancing activity via downstream NF-κB activation. The results implied that LEOPs may be the active unit of the shiitake β-glucan. The determination of LEOPs structure was performed to reveal the anti-tumor effect and immune-regulatory function of shiitake β-glucan on a molecular level to provide a basis.
The Influence of Pre-Competitive Anxiety and Self-Confidence on Dancesport Performance
Authors: Aliberti Sara , Raiola Gaetano , D’Elia Francesca , Cherubini Domenico
Published: November 2024

Competitive dancesport (DS) performance is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by physical and mental factors. The emotions experienced by athletes in competition are strongly linked to their sports performance. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the direct relationship between performance and emotional states in DS. Consequently, the aims were four: (I) to investigate the influence of anxiety and self-confidence on DS performance; (II) to examine the influence of years of experience, prior victories, and perceived preparedness on performance outcomes; (III) to identify the optimal emotional state levels for peak performance; (IV) to investigate differences between different athletes’ levels and class. The participants were 71 Italian DS athletes divided into three groups (22 B-class, 25 C-class, 24 D-class). Before competition, they supplied demographic information about their gender, years of experience, perceived preparedness, previous winnings in the current class, followed by the completion of the Italian version of Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 (CSAI-2R). To assess the athletes’ performance, the final classification of the competition was taken into consideration. The results showed that both overall and relative variables from the CSAI-2R significantly predicted performance outcomes (p < 0.05), although somatic anxiety did so to a lesser extent. Significant differences emerged between athletes of different classes in terms of years of experience (p = 0.000), perceived preparedness (p = 0.000), cognitive anxiety (p = 0.000) and self-confidence (p = 0.000). The optimal levels for good performance were cognitive anxiety (11.61 ± 2.27), somatic anxiety (15.77 ± 1.72) and self-confidence (15.12 ± 2.56). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the multifactorial nature of competitive DS performance, particularly highlighting the significant role of emotional states such as anxiety and self-confidence, as well as other variables such as class, level, years of experience and perceived preparedness.
Relative Age Effects and Place of Early Development Constrain Male Youth Italian Swimmers’ Developmental Experiences
Authors: Morganti Gabriele , Kelly Adam Leigh , Vitarelli Matteo , Strassoldo di Villanova Francesca , Ruscello Bruno , Campoli Francesca , Padua Elvira
Published: November 2024

Italian swimming emphasizes the early specialization of selected children from approximately 6 to 7 years old. Such an approach often leads to selection biases (i.e., birth advantages), which may undermine swimmers’ development and progression through the talent pathway. Accordingly, this study aimed to: (a) explore the presence of birth advantages at the annual Italian national age-group competition by observing the birth quarter (BQ) and place of early development (PED) distribution of 514 U15 swimmers; and (b) investigate how birth advantages affect swimmers’ ability to maintain their national status by comparing the BQ and PED distributions of 555 U17 national-level swimmers to the expected values (i.e., U15 distribution). Chi-square statistics for the U15 revealed an overrepresentation of BQ1s and swimmers developing in north and central Italy (p-values < 0.0001). In contrast, the U17’s BQ (p < 0.001) and PED (p = 0.01) distributions appeared skewed compared to the U15, favoring swimmers born in BQ3 and BQ4, and swimmers developing in north Italy (odds ratios: 1.69, 1.76, 1.39 respectively). The findings highlighted that cultural–contextual features of the environment shape Italian youth swimmers’ development and their progression through the current talent pathway.
Beyond the Classical Janzen–Connell Hypothesis: The Role of the Area Under the Parent Tree Crown of Manilkara zapota
Authors: Euan-Quiñones Oscar Antonio , Mena-Martín Helbert , Herrera-Pérez Patricia , Cetina-Pérez Ramiro Alexandro , Bautista-Parra San German , Ballina-Gomez Horacio Salomon
Published: November 2024

The effect of the parent tree on seedling recruitment has been studied in various research studies. The Janzen–Connell (JC) hypothesis states that the closer the seedlings are to the source tree, the greater the risk of mortality and/or impact from pathogens and herbivores. Despite the extensive existing literature, there are not many studies that evaluate the influence of crown area, as well as the effects on leaf asymmetry, an important measure of biotic and abiotic stress. (1) This study evaluates the effect of distance from the parent tree and the crown’s area of influence on mortality, growth, and leaf asymmetry of Manilkara zapota seedlings, as well as insect herbivory and damage from leaf pathogens in a Mexican neotropical forest. (2) We selected 10 reproductive adult trees (Diameter at breast height, DBH ~ 10–25 cm) and established four 10 m × 1 m transects around each tree in four directions (north, south, east, and west). Each transect produced 10 quadrants of 1 m², and the quadrant where the shadow of the parent tree extended was marked as either under crown or crown-free. All M. zapota seedlings were counted in each quadrant. For one seedling in each quadrant, we recorded height, leaf asymmetry (LA), insect herbivory, and damage from leaf pathogens. Herbivory by insects, damage from leaf pathogens, and LA were only measured on the newest leaves. Mortality was determined after 9 months per quadrant, as well as light availability (photosynthetic photon flux density), temperature, and relative humidity. (3) We found that mortality and relative growth rate (RGRHeight) increased near and under the parent tree. Furthermore, LA decreased at greater distances from the parent tree and only outside the crown’s influence. Additionally, LA had a strong positive influence on damage caused by insect herbivory and leaf pathogens, impacting both more strongly under the crown. A high dependency of leaf pathogens on damage from insect herbivory was also recorded. Finally, the most frequent type of herbivory was that caused by chewing insects. (4) To our knowledge, we present one of the few studies that has addressed the JC hypothesis, considering not only the distance from the parent tree and seedling density but also the influence of the crown on the performance of M. zapota seedlings. Studies that consider the influence of the microenvironment are of fundamental importance for a comprehensive understanding of the JC hypothesis.
Sustainable Development in Green Mining and Geotechnical Engineering—An Overview
Authors: Sun Jianping
Published: November 2024

The sustainable development of green mining and geotechnical engineering has become a crucial area of study in light of the increasing global efforts toward environmental conservation and responsible resource extraction [...]
IoT-Enhanced Decision Support System for Real-Time Greenhouse Microclimate Monitoring and Control
Authors: Săcăleanu Dragoș-Ioan , Matache Mihai-Gabriel , Roșu Ștefan-George , Florea Bogdan-Cristian , Manciu Irina-Petra , Perișoară Lucian-Andrei
Published: November 2024

Greenhouses have taken on a fundamental role in agriculture. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key concept used in greenhouse-based precision agriculture (PA) to enhance vegetable quality and quantity while improving resource efficiency. Integrating wireless sensor networks (WSNs) into greenhouses to monitor environmental parameters represents a critical first step in developing a complete IoT solution. For further optimization of the results, including actuator nodes to control the microclimate is necessary. The greenhouse must also be remotely monitored and controlled via an internet-based platform. This paper proposes an IoT-based architecture as a decision support system for farmers. A web platform has been developed to acquire data from custom-developed wireless sensor nodes and send commands to custom-developed wireless actuator nodes in a greenhouse environment. The wireless sensor and actuator nodes (WSANs) utilize LoRaWAN, one of the most prominent Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, known for its long data transmission range. A real-time end-to-end deployment of a remotely managed WSAN was conducted. The power consumption of the wireless sensor nodes and the recharge efficiency of installed solar panels were analyzed under worst-case scenarios with continuously active nodes and minimal intervals between data transmissions. Datasets were acquired from multiple sensor nodes over a month, demonstrating the system’s functionality and feasibility.
Balancing Post-Vasectomy Adequate Sperm Clearance with Patient Compliance: Time to Rethink?
Authors: Lombardi Conner Vincent , Lang Jacob , Han Woojin , Vij Ruchika , Nadiminty Nagalakshmi , Shah Tariq A. , Sindhwani Puneet
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The American Urological Association (AUA) vasectomy guidelines’ current recommendation to obtain the first post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) from 8 weeks to 16 weeks post-vasectomy is based predominantly on azoospermia rates. However, non-compliance with semen analysis after vasectomy is a known problem in this patient population. An approach that optimizes clearance and compliance is essential when adopting appropriate post-vasectomy care guidelines, specifically the scheduling of the first PVSA. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing compliance and clearance to determine the optimal time of first PVSA. Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE) were searched for studies that contained the following: rate of azoospermia and rare nonmotile sperm (RNMS), compliance, recanalization, persistent RNMS, pregnancies, and incidence of repeat vasectomy. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in this review. The patient compliance was 47–100% and trended downward with increasing time to first PVSA. There was a positive trend in azoospermia rate as post-vasectomy time increased, but this plateaued at 8 weeks. Compliance and post-vasectomy semen analysis clearance (PVSAC) converged at 5.7 weeks, with rates of 74.5% and 74.6%, respectively. A proportion of 1.5% of patients exhibited persistent RNMS. Recanalization events had an incidence rate of 1.5%. Repeat vasectomies were performed in 1.6% of patients. Conclusions: Based on our study optimizing post-vasectomy semen clearance with follow-up compliance, we recommend initial PVSA between 6 to 18 weeks post-vasectomy, as this offers improved compliance over current AUA guidelines which recommend PVSA at 8 to 16 weeks and allows for the identification of instances of “subclinical recanalization” that may be missed at later time points.
Evolution of Population Structure, Reproductive Performance, Inbreeding, and Genetic Diversity in Ecuadorian Charolais Cattle
Authors: Cartuche-Macas Luis F. , Lozada Edwin F. , Gutiérrez-Reinoso Miguel A. , Chacón Edilberto , Navas Francisco J. , García-Herreros Manuel
Published: November 2024

The objective was to evaluate the evolution of the population structure, reproductive performance, inbreeding, and genetic diversity in Charolais cattle. Official genealogical information from the Ecuadorian Charolais Association was divided into five populations: (a) historical (total), (b) 2008–2012 (natural mating period), (c) 2013–2017 (natural mating + artificial insemination period), (d) 2018–2022 (artificial insemination + embryo transfer period), and (e) the reference (known sires and dams) from which the population structure was evaluated using pedigree completeness and the generation interval (GI). Meanwhile, for genetic diversity (GD), inbreeding (F), average relatedness (AR), and the effective population size (Ne) were estimated. The gene origin probability (number of founders, effective number of founders/ancestors, and number of founder genomes) explaining genetic variability, reproductive efficiency, the number of offspring per sire and dam, and the average ages of parents at the birth of their offspring were determined. The database was analyzed using the ENDOG, POPREP, and CFC software programs. The results indicate that pedigree completeness and the GI decreased over time among populations, although the first generation showed higher values. The sire gametic pathway was greater in all populations. F increased over time, although not markedly. Although Ne variations were observed, the levels remained above the recommended limit value. The GD loss increased progressively over time although the most recent population was not significantly affected. Finally, the female reproductive efficiency increased over time as well. In conclusion, the Charolais cattle GI should be reduced. After 2012, the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies and breeding schemes raised the GD loss. Finally, the F increased over time although it could be reduced using foreign genetic resources in the current Ecuadorian Charolais population.
Optical Bench Evaluation of a Novel, Hydrophobic, Acrylic, One-Piece, Polyfocal Intraocular Lens with a “Zig-Zag” L-Loop Haptic Design
Authors: Borkenstein Andreas F. , Borkenstein Eva-Maria , Omidi Pooria , Langenbucher Achim
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The number of presbyopia-correcting (premium) intraocular lenses (IOLs) is growing steadily as the desire for spectacle independence after cataract surgery increases. The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate a newly launched hydrophobic, acrylic, polyfocal, refractive intraocular lens with a new optical design and geometry. This polyfocal IOL has three different zones (within the optic) with radially asymmetric design. Methods: We performed optical bench tests to calculate the optical characteristics of the sample. The optical performance and quality of IOLs based on ISO 11979-2 and 11979-9 requirements were analyzed with the NIMO TR0815 (Lambda-X). In addition, optical quality metrics were evaluated with the IOLA MFD device (Rotlex). Sphere, Add, modulation transfer function (MTF), the energy distribution between the modes and the MTF along the whole range from far to near were analyzed. Results: The power histogram showed that the tested IOL has the characteristics of a polyfocal IOL with a wide range of optical power between 20.5 and 24.5 diopters. Two distinct peaks were observed, indicating bifocal functionality. In the radial and axial power surface map, all three zones, stated by the company, could be detected. Larger apertures lead to a significant increase in MTF at the far peak, indicating better visual acuity for distant objects under low-light conditions. It was observed that in small aperture sizes, intermediate vision seems to be dominant. The energy distribution remained almost constant with increasing aperture size. Conclusions: This laboratory study was able to confirm the properties of the polyfocal lens stated by the company. Three optical zones could be identified. However, further optical bench tests should be performed to evaluate the new lens under tilted and decentered conditions. Clinical studies have to confirm that the presbyopia-correcting, polyfocal lens can achieve good clinical results with high patient satisfaction without disturbing side effects.
Anti-Collision Path Planning and Tracking of Autonomous Vehicle Based on Optimized Artificial Potential Field and Discrete LQR Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chaoxia , Chen Zhihao , Li Xingjiao , Zhao Ting
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces an enhanced APF method to address challenges in automatic lane changing and collision avoidance for autonomous vehicles, targeting issues of infeasible target points, local optimization, inadequate safety margins, and instability when using DLQR. By integrating a distance adjustment factor, this research aims to rectify traditional APF limitations. A safety distance model and a sub-target virtual potential field are established to facilitate collision-free path generation for autonomous vehicles. A path tracking system is designed, combining feed-forward control with DLQR. Linearization and discretization of the vehicle’s dynamic state space model, with constraint variables set to minimize control-command costs, aligns with DLQR objectives. The aim is precise steering angle determination for path tracking, negating lateral errors due to external disturbances. A Simulink–CarSim co-simulation platform is utilized for obstacle and speed scenarios, validating the autonomous vehicle’s dynamic hazard avoidance, lane changing, and overtaking capabilities. The refined APF method enhances path safety, smoothness, and stability. Experimental data across three speeds reveal reasonable steering angle and lateral deflection angle variations. The controller ensures stable reference path tracking at 40, 50, and 60 km/h around various obstacles, verifying the controller’s effectiveness and driving stability. Comparative analysis of visual trajectories pre-optimization and post-optimization highlights improvements. Vehicle roll and sideslip angle peaks, roll-angle fluctuation, and front/rear wheel steering vertical support forces are compared with traditional LQR, validating the optimized controller’s enhancement of vehicle performance. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim demonstrate that the optimized controller reduces steering angles by 5 to 10°, decreases sideslip angles by 3 to 5°, and increases vertical support forces from 1000 to 1450 N, showcasing our algorithm’s superior obstacle avoidance and lane-changing capabilities under dynamic conditions.
Dual-Fuzzy Regenerative Braking Control Strategy Based on Braking Intention Recognition
Authors: Qin Yaning , Zheng Zhu’an , Chen Jialing
Published: November 2024

Regenerative braking energy recovery is of critical importance for electric vehicles due to their range limitations. To further enhance regenerative braking energy recovery, a dual-fuzzy regenerative braking control strategy based on braking intention recognition is proposed. Firstly, the distribution strategy for braking force is devised by considering classical curves like ideal braking force allocation and ECE regulations; secondly, taking the brake pedal opening and its opening change rate as inputs, the braking intention recognition fuzzy controller is designed for outputting braking strength. Based on the recognized braking strength, and considering the battery charging state and the speed of the vehicle as inputs, a regenerative braking duty ratio fuzzy controller is developed for regenerative braking force regulation to improve energy recovery. Furthermore, a control experiment is established to evaluate and compare the four models and their respective nine braking modes, aiming to define the dual fuzzy logic controller model. Ultimately, simulation validation is conducted using Matlab/Simulink R2019b and CRUISE 2019. The results show that the strategy in this paper has higher energy savings compared to the single fuzzy control and parallel control methods, with energy recovery improved by 26.26 kJ and 96.13 kJ under a single New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), respectively.
Difficulties in differential diagnosis in comorbid patients with tick-borne encephalitis
Authors:   FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arkhangelsk, Kuznetsova E. I. , Fadeeva K. O. ,   FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arkhangelsk, Agafonov V. M. ,   FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arkhangelsk, Pozdeeva M. A. ,   FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arkhangelsk, Burmagina I. A. ,   FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arkhangelsk
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal disease that is widespread in the Arkhangelsk Region. Of the 25 administrative territories of the Arkhangelsk Region, 20 are endemic for this disease. Moreover, according to Rospotrebnadzor data for 2023, more than 6,200 complaints about tick bites were registered in the Arkhangelsk Region, and 42 cases of tick-borne encephalitis were detected in the laboratory, which indicates a high incidence. The purpose of this work is to describe a case of a non-focal form of tick-borne encephalitis in the Arkhangelsk Region with carrying out differential diagnosis. When studying this topic, various research methods were used, including analysis of scientific literature posted in the scientific electronic libraries eLibrary, PubMed, and CyberLeninka. The article discusses the sources of TBE infection, the epidemic significance of ticks in the spread of tick-borne encephalitis virus, features of the spread of infection, as well as diagnostic criteria. The main topic is the differential diagnosis of TBE. The authors emphasize the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment, since TBE can cause serious complications as the disease becomes chronic. As an example of diagnostic problems, a clinical case was analyzed: the life history, epidemiological anamnesis, and clinical research data were studied. Timely suspicion of tick-borne encephalitis was prevented by an insufficiently collected epidemiological history during the patient’s initial request for medical help. The authors call for more attention to be paid to vaccine prevention of the disease and more careful collecting of epidemiological anamnesis from patients.
Myocarditis with treatment-resistant heart failure
Authors:   City Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital No. 64, Moscow, Shlopak L. B.
Published: November 2024

Myocarditis is an inflammatory lesion of the heart muscle caused by direct or indirect (through immune mechanisms) exposure to infectious, physical, and chemical factors, as well as developing during autoimmune diseases and hear t transplantation.
November 12 - World Pneumonia Day
Authors:   Kremenskaya CRH, Belgorod, Frolova E. V.
Published: November 2024

World Pneumonia Day is celebrated annually on November 12. It appeared on the calendar at
the initiative of the Global Coalition against Childhood Pneumonia. This is the name of the association
of international, governmental, non-governmental and local organizations, research and educational
institutions, foundations and citizen activists. The coalition aims to bring the problem of pneumonia to
the attention of government officials, health professionals and potential donors of financial resources.
In 2009, the World Health Organization, together with UNICEF, announced a «Global Action Plan for
the prevention and Control of Pneumonia.» The purpose of this plan is to intensify the fight against
pneumonia through combined measures to protect children, prevent and treat the disease.
Social and psychological support for families and children with disabilities at school
Authors:   Depar tment of Education of the Administration of Agapovsky District, Chelyabinsk Region,, Volkova A. L.
Published: November 2024

The author studies the issues of psychological and pedagogical support for children with disabilities (hereinafter referred to as LD). Considering the legal and pedagogical framework, the fundamental tasks and principles of organizing inclusive education are examined. The article provides legal definitions and describes areas of activity in the field of working with students with disabilities.
Social rehabilitation of disabled children and children with disabilities in a social rehabilitation center
Authors:   Day Care Department of the Social Rehabilitation Center, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nosov MSTU», Russia, Magnitogorsk, Velgina A. T.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the problem of social rehabilitation of children with disabilities and children with disabilities in a social rehabilitation center on the example of a group of children with scoliosis of III–IV degree. The analysis of the work and features of the organization of support for families with disabled children and children with disabilities due to scoliosis of the III–IV degree is carried out. The main attention is paid to the psychological support of all family members, the peculiarities of interaction with parents of children with disabilities and children with disabilities with scoliosis of the III–IV degree, the organization of educational events aimed at increasing the level of competence of parents and children in matters of organizing everyday life, leisure, rational allocation of time during the day for a comfortable and active lifestyle of children with the diagnosis of scoliosis of the III–IV degree.
Impacto das disfunções temporomandibulares na qualidade de vida de usuários de uma clínica odontológica universitária
Authors: Braga Natalia Hermeto Mendes , Seraidarian Paulo Isaías , Barros Vinícius de Magalhães , Assis Marina Araújo Leite , Figueiredo Elyonara Mello de , Soares Rodrigo Villamarim
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O fato de a longevidade do ser humano ter aumentado fez também crescer o interesse pelo entendimento da qualidade de vida da população, bem como a necessidade da adoção de instrumentos para avaliá-la. Dentre eles, o World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref) avalia a qualidade de vida por meio dos domínios físico, psicológico, social e ambiental. As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) são aquelas que envolvem a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), músculos e estruturas associadas, apresentando sinais e sintomas como dores na face e articulação temporomandibular, tensões musculares, dores e limitação da abertura da boca, dentre outros.  Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto das disfunções temporomandibulares nos aspectos físico, social, ambiental, funcional e psicológico na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e seus acompanhantes, atendidos em um centro odontológico. Material e Métodos: Indivíduos (pacientes ou acompanhantes) frequentando uma clínica odontológica de um departamento de odontologia universitário foram avaliados por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Research Diagnostic Critéria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), eixos I e II, o Temporomandibular Index (TMI) e o WHOQOL-bref. Foram avaliados 81 indivíduos (62 sem DTM; 19 com DTM), sendo 50 do sexo feminino e 31 do sexo masculino. Resultados: A análise das variáveis sociodemográficas não demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Estas foram encontradas entre indivíduos com (grupo disfunção temporomandibular) e sem DTM (grupo controle) em relação ao domínio psicológico, e, com exceção do domínio meio ambiente, todos os demais domínios exibiram correlações negativas com variáveis psicossociais detectadas no eixo II do RDC/TMD, como: dor crônica; sintomas físicos não específicos com e sem dor; depressão; e com o TMI. Conclusão: As disfunções temporomandibulares interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes avaliados neste estudo, e, quanto maior for o comprometimento psicológico e mais severas forem as DTMs, mais afetados serão os domínios de qualidade de vida.
Análise de falha no pino propulsor de uma chave de torque hidráulica
Authors: Teixeira Sávio de Oliveira , Bohorquez José Fernando Cuadros , Pinheiro Orion Ferreira , Oliveira Raquel Lima
Published: November 2024

As ferramentas hidráulicas fazem parte do cotidiano de uma ampla variedade de atividades da indústria. As chaves de torque hidráulicas, especificamente, são utilizadas para aperto de juntas aparafusadas, uma solução de projeto responsável por quase todos os sistemas que requerem uma posterior desmontagem. O desempenho e integridade de seus componentes são fatores críticos para um bom funcionamento e precisão das ferramentas. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo de análise de falha do pino propulsor da chave de torque hidráulica de fabricação nacional e uma análise comparativa entre um pino propulsor de fabricação nacional e um pino propulsor importado com intuito de compreender o melhor desempenho da peça importada.