bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual, firearm, and purchasing characteristics associated with risk of firearm-related violent crime arrest: a nested case-control study
Authors: Laqueur Hannah S. , Schleimer Julia P. , Shev Aaron B. , Kagawa Rose
Published: September 2024

Background

Firearm purchasing records offer a potentially important administrative data source to identify individuals at elevated risk of perpetrating firearm violence. In this study, we describe individual, firearm, and transaction characteristics of purchasers in California who were arrested for a firearm-related violent crime (FRV) as compared to the general population of registered purchasers in the state.

Methods

Relying on a dataset of all individuals with transaction records in California (1996–2021), linked to criminal records (1980–2021), we enrolled a cohort of individuals for whom we could capture the legal firearm purchase history. We identified those arrested for FRV post purchase, and using incidence density sampling, gender-matched cases to ten purchasers (controls) who remained “at risk” at the time the case was arrested. We focused on the purchase closest in time prior to the arrest (“index” purchase). We implemented conditional logistic regression and included models with controls for individual- and community-level demographics, as well as interactions between firearm and purchasing characteristics and criminal history.

Results

The cohort included 1,212,144 individuals, of whom 6153 were arrested for FRV (0.5%). Cases were matched to 61,530 controls to form the study sample. The largest risk factor was a prior criminal history: purchasers had 5.84 times the risk of FRV if they had a prior arrest within three years of the index purchase (CI 5.44–6.27). Several transaction and firearm characteristics were also associated with FRV. For example, risk increased if the firearm was redeemed at a pawn shop (aIRR: 1.37, CI 1.05–1.77) and decreased if the transaction was a registered private party transfer (vs. retail purchase) (aIRR: 0.83, CI 0.76–0.90) or the firearm was a bolt action firearm (vs. semi-automatic) (aIRR: 0.64, CI 0.51–0.79). In the interaction models, most of the purchase and firearm features only remained significant among those with no criminal history.

Conclusions

Given limited data on firearm transactions, there has been little research on whether the type of firearm an individual purchases or the nature of the purchase might serve as indicators of risk for FRV. We found several transaction and firearm features were associated with risk of FRV. Notably, these features provided little evidence of additional risk for those with a prior criminal record.
Unsinkable, long-drifting, millimeter-sized pumice of the 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano
Authors: Takeuchi Shingo , Ishige Kosuke , Uesawa Shimpei , Suwa Yukiko
Published: September 2024

Understanding the relationship between pumice formation and long-term floatability in seawater is becoming increasingly important in terms of eruption dynamics, material cycles, biological and environmental effects, and ocean hazards. Pumice rafts were produced during the 2021 eruption of the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano in the Pacific Ocean, far from the Japanese archipelago. The pumice rafts reached the Amami-Ōshima and Okinawa Islands approximately two months after the eruption and continued to cover the sea surface at several bays and ports, providing a great opportunity to study the characteristics of raft pumices. Sieve analysis of the floating pumice indicated that the pumice rafts characteristically contained several millimeter-sized particles with a peak at 2–4 mm. This evidence raises an important question why the millimeter-sized, Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 2021 pumice particles were able to float for over two months, which exceeds the floatation time shown in previous studies. To answer this question, a porosity measurement technique for millimeter-to-centimeter-sized pumice particles was established and applied to drifting pumice that erupted during the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 2021 eruption. The total, connected, and isolated porosities (including errors) were acquired for floating and sunken pumice particles. As studied for the floating pumice from past submarine eruptions, most floating pumice particles contain a high amount of isolated porosity (> 30 vol%) and are thus unsinkable even when the pumice size is in the millimeter scale. This study emphasizes that skeletal density is a useful measure for the determination of pumice floatability (sinkable or unsinkable). As the particle size decreases, crystals are lost from the floating pumice particles, suggesting that the particle size of the floating pumice is affected by its petrological properties (crystal content and size). A comparison with natural pumices from subaerial eruptions and experimental pumices from magma decompression experiments suggests that the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 2021 pumices contain abundant isolated pores due to the suppression of expansion after fragmentation by quenching in seawater, and that the relatively low to moderate crystal content in the magma (< 17 vol%) may contribute to favorable conditions to produce abundant, millimeter-sized, unsinkable pumice.

Most floating pumices have lower saturation density than seawater due to abundant isolated porosity (> 30 vol%) and are thus unsinkable even when the pumice size is in the millimeter scale.
Dynamic plain abdominal film provides simple and effective diagnosis of delayed shunt insufficiency caused by abdominal adhesions after VP shunt
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Chen Jintao , Weng Chaoqun , Liu Bei , Lin Zhixiong
Published: September 2024

Background

Many complications may occur after placement of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt) for hydrocephalus, and delayed shunt insufficiency (DSI) is among the most common. It is often caused by abdominal adhesions, which increases the difficulty of diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the clinical value of dynamic plain abdominal radiography (DPAR) as a simple diagnostic method for patients with DSI due to terminal adhesion of the peritoneal shunt after VP surgery.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with high suspicion of DSI due to abdominal adhesions after VP surgery were included. DPAR was used for prospective assessment. The interval between the first and second PAR was 4–6 h before surgery. If two plain abdominal radiography at different times indicated that the end of the shunt tube in the abdominal segment was fixed, it was diagnosed as DSI due to adhesion of the shunt tube at the abdominal end. The peritoneal end of the shunt tube was surgically repositioned. Postoperative DPAR was repeated to evaluate the distance of the shunt outlet within the abdominal segment.

Results

All cases showed clinical symptoms or imaging findings of shunt insufficiency. The diagnostic accuracy of DPAR was 96.67% (29/30). The end of the shunt tube in the abdominal segment of the preoperative group was fixed with abdominal plain film twice with a mean difference of 1.74 ± 1.18 cm. The mean postoperative change in the position of the end of the shunt tube in the abdominal section was 9.36 ± 2.64 cm, showing a significant difference compared with the preoperative group (P < 0.001). The mean postoperative EVANs index (0.37 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than the preoperative (0.42 ± 0.08) (P = 0.007), Glasgow coma scale score (12.8 ± 2.69) was higher than the mean preoperative score (11.36 ± 2.43) (P = 0.013).

Conclusion

DPAR is a simple and effective method for the diagnosis of shunt insufficiency caused by delayed abdominal end adhesion after VP shunt.
Co-parasitization effect of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their intrinsic interspecific larval competition
Authors: Muştu Murat , Tatar Nuraynurgül
Published: September 2024

Background

The vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a cosmopolitan species that causes economic damage to grapevines, especially in Mediterranean countries, South Africa, North and South America and Europe. In this study, the co-parasitization effect of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their intrinsic interspecific larval competition were investigated under laboratory conditions.

Results

In non-choice experiments, the highest parasitism value (11.75 ± 0.87) was obtained on 2nd instar mealybug nymphs in containers with only C. perminutus, while the highest parasitism value (11.20 ± 0.59) in choice experiments was obtained on female mealybugs in containers with both parasitoids. It was determined that C. perminutus parasitized the 1st, 2nd and 3rd nymph stages, while A. pseudococci parasitized the 2nd, 3rd nymph and female stages of vine mealybug. These mean that mealybug populations can be controlled more effectively by parasitizing all mealybug stages in the environment when parasitoids are together. In intrinsic interspecific larval competition experiments on the mealybugs 2nd and 3rd nymph stages, where both parasitoids can parasitize, it was determined that C. perminutus generally won the competition, even though A. pseudococci had a three-day parasitism priority. The highest A. pseudococci emergence rate in competition trials occurred on 2nd instar mealybug nymphs when A. pseudococci had 72 h parasitism priority (36.09%). In addition, head capsule width and tibia lengths of A. pseudococci and C. perminutus adults obtained from intrinsic interspecific larval competition were measured, and it was determined that the head capsule width and tibia length of adult parasitoids generally increased as the host period progressed. In addition, it has been determined that there may be some differences in the measured characteristics of the adult parasitoids obtained due to intrinsic interspecific competition compared to the control.

Conclusions

Using these two parasitoids together in the biological control of vine mealybugs will allow parasitizing all mealybug nymph stages and females in the environment and provide more effective pest control.
Antiepileptic medications in neurosurgical practice
Authors: Alsawy Mohamed Fatah Allah
Published: September 2024

One of the earliest medical disorders to be identified is epilepsy. Strange and diverse forms of therapy have been used throughout history. A cure has not been found despite the popularity of ointments, medications, magic, enemas, exorcism, spiritualism, surgical and physical, as well as behavioural therapies. There is a notable deficiency of current literature about the management of seizures and epilepsy in neurosurgical patients, despite the fact that neurosurgeons are enrolled in the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for the seizures especially in perioperative periods. Neurosurgeons scope of management of epilepsy usually involve patients with either traumatic brain injury, neoplasms, subarachnoid haemorrhages, and brain abscess and infection. Depending on when they began, post-craniotomy seizures are categorised into three categories: promptly (before 24 h), early (before 1 week), and late (after 1 week). One-third of seizures can occur within the first month after a craniotomy, usually within the first 3 days, even though the risk of seizures persists for several post-operative months. There are multiple generations of AEDs, and further research is required to settle a clear recommendation for each and every case of seizures especially for hard population like the neurosurgical patients.
FLSec-RPL: a fuzzy logic-based intrusion detection scheme for securing RPL-based IoT networks against DIO neighbor suppression attacks
Authors: Kim Chenset , So-In Chakchai , Kongsorot Yanika , Aimtongkham Phet
Published: September 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained popularity and is widely used in modern society. The growth in the sizes of IoT networks with more internet-connected devices has led to concerns regarding privacy and security. In particular, related to the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL), which lacks robust security functions, many IoT devices in RPL networks are resource-constrained, with limited computing power, bandwidth, memory, and battery life. This causes them to face various vulnerabilities and potential attacks, such as DIO neighbor suppression attacks. This type of attack specifically targets neighboring nodes through DIO messages and poses a significant security threat to RPL-based IoT networks. Recent studies have proposed methods for detecting and mitigating this attack; however, they produce high false-positive and false-negative rates in detection tasks and cannot fully protect RPL networks against this attack type. In this paper, we propose a novel fuzzy logic-based intrusion detection scheme to secure the RPL protocol (FLSec-RPL) to protect against this attack. Our method is built of three key phases consecutively: (1) it tracks attack activity variables to determine potential malicious behaviors; (2) it performs fuzzy logic-based intrusion detection to identify malicious neighbor nodes; and (3) it provides a detection validation and blocking mechanism to ensure that both malicious and suspected malicious nodes are accurately detected and blocked. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct comprehensive experiments across diverse scenarios, including Static-RPL and Mobile-RPL networks. We compare the performance of our proposed method with that of the state-of-the-art methods. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in terms of the detection accuracy, F1 score, power consumption, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio metrics.
Conversion of UKA to TKA using identical standard implants—How does it compare to primary UKA, primary TKA and revision TKA?
Authors: Scheele Christian B. , Pietschmann Matthias F. , Wagner Thomas C. , Müller Peter E.
Published: September 2024

Background

UKA is a well-established treatment option for anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee, resulting in superior functional outcomes but also higher revision rates than TKA. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of UKA, TKA, UKA converted to TKA using identical standard implants and revised TKA to support clinical decision-making.

Methods

In this study, we retrospectively examined 116 patients who underwent UKA, 77 patients who received TKA, 28 patients whose UKA was converted to TKA using identical standard implants, and 21 patients who had a one-stage revision of TKA. The mean age at operation was 66.5 years (39–90 years), with a mean BMI of 28.8 kg/m2 (17.4–58.8) and a mean follow-up period of four years (0.9–9.9 years). We assessed various PROMs, including Oxford Knee Score, UCLA score, KSS score, and a modified WOMAC-Score as well as patient satisfaction and ability to resume daily activities, work, and sports.

Results

The highest patient satisfaction was seen in the UKA. All scores were significantly higher for UKA than for TKA, converted UKA, and revised TKA. None of the scores showed a significant inferiority of converted UKA to TKA. In the case of revision, two scores showed significantly better results for converted UKA than for revised TKA.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that patients initially treated with UKA did not have significantly worse functional outcomes after conversion to TKA, given the use of identical standard implants. This highlights the effectiveness of UKA as a therapeutic option with outcomes superior to those of primary TKA and the importance of a bone-sparing procedure. Conversely, revision TKA is linked to poorer functional outcomes compared to both primary arthroplasties.
Study of the volatile compounds of dry fermented sausage with salt reduction and its relationship with sensory acceptance
Authors: de Almeida Marcio Aurélio , Fadda Silvina G. , Vicente Miguel Ángel Sentandreu , Villanueva Nilda Doris Montes , da Silva Pinto Jair Sebastião , Castillo Carmen Josefina Contreras
Published: September 2024

In many industrialised countries, sodium intake exceeds the nutritional guidelines. High sodium intake has been associated with health problems, such as arterial hypertension and, consequently, a higher health risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate overall quality of salamis with reduced sodium content by analysing aldehydes, proteolysis, and lipolysis, as well as to verify the correlation between sensory acceptance and volatile compounds. Four formulations were prepared replacing NaCl by a mixture of KCI and CaCl2. Two controls, one with a high level and the other with a low NaCl level were also included in the study. Water activity and pH levels were monitored in all samples. Volatile compounds were measured, in particular, hexanal, 2,4-decadienal and 3-methylbutanal. Finally, a sensory acceptance test was carried out using potential consumers. The results highlighted a relation between aldehyde concentration and sensory acceptance, hexanal/3-methybutanal ratio, that may be a marker of partial NaCl substitution in salami. Thus, our results may be used to guide the use of NaCl substitution by KCl/CaCl2 in terms of volatile compounds.

Graphical Abstract
Lesion conspicuity and contrast kinetics as predictors to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions in contrast-enhanced mammogram
Authors: Dharmalingam Porkodi , Jagannathan Devimeenal
Published: September 2024

Background

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is a recently developed, cost-effective imaging technique that offers both anatomical and functional breast imaging. Lesion conspicuity, a newly introduced lexicon in the ACR BIRADS supplementary atlas on CEM (2022), lacks sufficient data to correlate with malignancy likelihood. The feasibility of assessing contrast kinetics with CEM remains uncertain, and there is a scarcity of available data. Our research aims to address these gaps.

Results

Two radiologists, blinded to pathological reports, independently evaluated 504 CEM enhanced breast lesions with histopathology reports, out of which 176 were benign and 328 were malignant. Subjective qualitative assessment of lesion conspicuity and contrast kinetics was done for each enhancing lesion. The lesion conspicuity was classified as low, moderate, or high. The kinetic behavior of each lesion was categorized into either persistent, plateau, or washout. The distribution of lesion conspicuity among benign and malignant lesions, respectively, was as follows: for low conspicuity, 74.4% versus 25.6%; for moderate conspicuity, 30.6% versus 69.4%; and for high conspicuity, 8.4% versus 91.6%. Regarding contrast kinetics and their distribution between benign and malignant lesions, persistent kinetics was detected in 95.6% compared to 4.4%, plateau kinetics in 43.4% versus 56.6%, and washout kinetics in 3.5% versus 96.5%. Statistically significant differences in distribution between benign and malignant lesions were observed for both lexicons (P < 0.001). The inter-observer agreement for lesion conspicuity (kappa = 0.97) and contrast kinetics (kappa = 0.92) was deemed excellent.

Conclusion

The addition of lesion conspicuity and contrast kinetics as lexicons in CEM could enhance its diagnostic accuracy.
Innovative K-band slot antenna array for radar applications
Authors: Elnady Shaza M. , Abd El-Hameed Anwer S. , Ouf Eman G.
Published: September 2024

This article introduces a novel microstrip slot antenna array (SAA) configuration for radar applications. The proposed antenna is specifically designed for operation in the K-band, spanning from 23 to 24.3 GHz. The antenna structure comprises two substrates: the feed network and ground plane are on the bottom substrate, and the radiating slots are on the top layer of the first substrate. The incorporation of a unique grid feed configuration, featuring 50 Ohm center excitation for the first time, improves the feed mechanism of the microstrip SAA. This innovation contributes to achieving a compact size and high gain. To enhance the side lobe level, the design incorporates a substrate-integrated waveguide-backed cavity, which significantly reduces surface waves. The SAA consists of 25 radiating elements with a gain of 14 dBi. In the elevation and azimuth planes, the half-power beamwidths are measured at 12.1° and 69.1°, respectively. The proposed antenna array’s measured impedance bandwidth ranges from 23.15 to 24.75 GHz, guaranteeing a reflection coefficient (S11) of less than − 10 dB. The suggested antenna's applicability for automotive multi-input multi-output radar has been validated.
Generation of empty cell envelopes of Streptococcus pyogenes using biosurfactants
Authors: Abdelfattah Amany , Amin Heba M. , Rabea Sameh , Samir Reham
Published: September 2024

Background

Bacterial ghost cells (BGCs) are cell envelopes that devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic contents in purpose of variable applications, including their great potential as vaccine candidates and their effectiveness as delivery systems for drugs and proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study to produce Gram-positive BGCs by treating Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) ATCC 19615 with Tween80 (TW80) or TritonX-100 (TX100), followed by preliminary testing of their antigenicity and safety in NIH/Ola-Hsd mice. The produced BGCs were confirmed by the presence of intact cells under a light microscope, the absence of growth signs upon re-cultivation. The transmembrane tunnels were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, and subsequently, considerable quantities of released DNA and protein were detected in the culture supernatant of the BGCs. The antigenicity of the produced BGCs was tested through three intra-nasal immunization doses followed by infection. Afterward, the opsonic activity and the IgG levels were measured, followed by a comprehensive histopathological examination for selected tissues and organs.

Results

The sera of immunized mice exhibited a significant rise in both opsonic activity (TW80 produced BGC = 68% and TX100 produced BGC = 75%) and IgG levels (TW80 produced BGC = a threefold increase and TX100 produced BGC = a fourfold increase) when compared to the positive control group "non-immunized challenged with ATCC 19615." Histopathological analysis revealed that the BGCs produced by TW80 are relatively safer and have a less severe impact than those produced by TX100.

Conclusion

The study's findings suggest that Sp-BGC/TW80 is initially effective and safe in vivo. However, further pre-clinical studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness and ensure complete safety, specifically in terms of the absence of autoimmunity and antibody cross-reactivity with myosin proteins in human cardiac tissues.
Citrus aurantifolia-derived carbon quantum dots with red fluorescence emission for codelivery with curcumin as theranostic liposomes for lung cancer
Authors: Sonowal Angshuman , Bharali Alakesh , Saikia Trideep , Kushari Susankar , Lahon Madhuchandra , Kalita Jun Moni , Biswas Nikhil , Laloo Damiki , Sahu Bhanu P.
Published: September 2024

Background

Carbon dots (CDs) derived from Citrus aurantifolia represent a promising platform for advanced cancer therapy and diagnostics (theranostics). These CDs are synthesized through a sustainable and cost-effective hydrothermal method, utilizing fruit juice as a green carbon source. Despite the potential, research on the synthesis of citrus-based CDs, especially regarding their red fluorescence emission, which is crucial for enhanced tissue penetration and biomedical efficacy, remains limited.

Results

In this study, CDs were successfully synthesized from C. aurantifolia fruit, yielding nanoparticles below 5 nm in size (PDI 0.231 ± 0.04). Characterization revealed favorable optical properties, including excitation-dependent fluorescent behavior with prominent red emission under higher excitation wavelengths, a quantum yield of 8.17%, and stable photoluminescence. Chemical composition analysis using XPS, FTIR, and XRD confirmed the purity and structure of the CDs.

To explore their biomedical application, CDs were co-loaded with curcumin into liposomes. The formulations had a mean size of 177.2 ± 3.6 nm (PDI 0.270 ± 0.012), demonstrated efficient drug entrapment (60.32 ± 2.24%), and exhibited rapid release kinetics, with 90.21 ± 2.16% of the drug release within 8 h. In vitro studies using A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated superior cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of Cur-CD-loaded liposomes compared to curcumin alone (Cur-Suspension), achieving IC50 values of 0.093 ± 0.011 µg/ml and 0.016 ± 0.006 µg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion

This research underscores C. aurantifolia as a viable natural source for green CD synthesis. The obtained CDs with red fluorescence emission, optimized through reaction conditions and excitation wavelengths, hold promise for enhanced biological applications, particularly in the realm of lung cancer therapy. The findings advocate for further exploration and refinement of citrus-based CDs as versatile theranostic agents, capitalizing on their sustainable origins and potent biomedical properties. The combination of citrus-derived CDs with curcumin loaded into liposomal formulations represents a potent theranostic strategy for lung cancer treatment, leveraging the unique properties of CDs and their potential for targeted and effective therapy.

Graphical abstract
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (Night Jasmine): extraction techniques, phytochemical constituents, and biological impacts of extracts and essential oil
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Dharshini Meenakchisundaram , Janani Thirugnanam , Shrravani Sri Venkatasubramaniyan , Subhasidha Ramachandran
Published: September 2024

Background

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. is a small, sacred ornamental tree used in prayer. It is renowned throughout India for its aromatic white blossoms. The entire plant was widely used for several health applications particularly root and bark were used to treat fever and cough, respectively. Also, the leaf was used for managing fever and diabetes, and its cholagogue, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic properties.

Main text

The current review aimed to comprehensively analyze the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of N. arbor-tristis essential oil (NAEO) and extracts. Additionally, it wants to emphasize the latest advancements in phytochemistry and pharmacology related to this aromatic plant. Depending on the variety, origin, and plant parts used, the NAEO yield ranged from 0.002 to 0.10% on a dry basis. The NAEO has been investigated in only a few research studies and resulted, in the predominant levels of phytol and methyl palmitate chemical compounds. Furthermore, the NAEO was found to have significant volatile chemical constituents, including geranylgeraniol, phytoene, nonadecane, linalool, and various other miscellaneous chemical components. The plant extracts and NAEO have numerous biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, larvicidal, and other miscellaneous activities.

Conclusion

This paper analyzes and summarizes the diverse research potential associated with N. arbor-tristis. The results of the present study suggested that most of the biological and pharmacological investigations were carried out without including dosage, positive controls, and negative controls. Furthermore, several pharmacological investigations were exclusively carried out using cell lines and animal models. Hence, the following research endeavors aimed at assessing the medicinal properties of NAEO and extracts in human subjects would broaden the scope of its utilization.

Graphical abstract
Radiofrequency stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion as a diagnostic tool for radicular pain syndromes: six representative cases
Authors: Demartini Laura , Abbott David Michael , Bonezzi Cesare , Natoli Silvia
Published: September 2024

Background

We discuss the diagnostic benefit of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a case series of patients with different pathologies. We expand the diagnostic potential of DRG stimulation beyond paresthesia mapping by using DRG stimulation to help determine the role of the DRG in the patient’s pain and narrow down the etiology. In some cases, DRG stimulation was also part of the treatment plan.

Methods

Six patients underwent DRG radiofrequency as a diagnostic/therapeutic step before considering implantation of a DRG neurostimulator. First, patients underwent a basic bedside neurological evaluation. Next, an electrode was placed in the epidural space through the sacral hiatus or between vertebral laminae. Then, sensory stimulation was applied at 50 Hz and gradually increased from 0.1 V until the patient reported paresthesia or until a maximum intensity of 2 V was reached. Patients were asked to describe where the stimulation was felt and outline the anatomical area the paresthesia covered. Then a motor stimulation was applied at 2 Hz until muscle twitching was reported by the patient or observed by the physician.

Results

The information obtained helped diagnose the type of lesion as principally preganglionic, ganglionic, or postganglionic. This information guided patient management.

Conclusion

PRF of the DRG can provide valuable diagnostic information and is a useful step before ganglionic electrode implantation. In all cases, PRF of the DRG provided valuable diagnostic information and guided management options.
Assessment of flood vulnerability in Osun River Basin using AHP method
Authors: Ogundolie O. I. , Olabiyisi S. O. , Ganiyu R. A. , Jeremiah Y. S. , Ogundolie F. A.
Published: September 2024

Flooding is a global natural disaster that occurs when water rises over normal levels and damages infrastructure, buildings, and land. Lately, a substantial rise has occurred in the frequency and severity of floods in Nigeria due to urbanization, population growth and climate change. This study aims to identify areas in the Osun River Basin (ORB) in southwest Nigeria that are at risk of flooding as a result of increased rainfall patterns that can induce river flooding. 10 flood factors contributing to flood susceptibility were obtained around the study area. These remote sensing data were analyzed using a weighted overlay on ArcGIS. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was particularly applied in analysing the flood factors and creating the flood susceptibility maps. Results obtained showed that flood events are probable in areas along the river bank, some areas that are low-lying terrains and areas where there is high rainfall. Ogun State falls within the areas with the lowest digital elevation, therefore the state is very highly susceptible to flooding from the tributaries of the Osun River. Areas such as Ijebu North, Ijebu North East, Ijebu East and Ijebu Ode were identified as highly susceptible to flooding from the maps created. This study will further help stakeholders and policymakers in reducing the impact of flooding in these areas.
How We Monitor Cardiac Health in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Clasen Suparna C. , Miller Meagan E.
Published: September 2024

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the
Journal
into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in
Journal of Clinical Oncology
, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
Perioperative Regional Anesthesia on Persistent Opioid Use and Chronic Pain after Noncardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pepper Connor G. , Mikhaeil John S. , Khan James S.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Whether regional anesthesia impacts the development of chronic postsurgical pain is currently debateable, and few studies have evaluated an effect on prolonged opioid use. We sought to systematically review the effect of regional anesthesia for adults undergoing noncardiac elective surgery on these outcomes.

METHODS:

A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINHAL for randomized controlled trials (from inception to April 2022) of adult patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries that evaluated any regional technique and included one of our primary outcomes: (1) prolonged opioid use after surgery (continued opioid use ≥2 months postsurgery) and (2) chronic postsurgical pain (pain ≥3 months postsurgery). We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis on the specified outcomes and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to rate the quality of evidence.

RESULTS:

Thirty-seven studies were included in the review. Pooled estimates indicated that regional anesthesia had a significant effect on reducing prolonged opioid use (relative risk [RR] 0.48, 95% CI, 0.24–0.96, P = .04, I2 0%, 5 trials, n = 348 patients, GRADE low quality). Pooled estimates for chronic pain also indicated a significant effect favoring regional anesthesia at 3 (RR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.59–0.93, P = .01, I2 77%, 15 trials, n = 1489 patients, GRADE moderate quality) and 6 months (RR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.61–0.85, P < .001, I2 54%, 19 trials, n = 3457 patients, GRADE moderate quality) after surgery. No effect was found in the pooled analysis at 12 months postsurgery (RR, 0.44, 95% CI, 0.16–1.17, P = .10).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study suggest that regional anesthesia potentially reduces chronic postsurgical pain up to 6 months after surgery. Our findings also suggest a potential decrease in the development of persistent opioid use.
Capillaria sp. em gato domiciliado no município de Teresina-PI, Brasil
Authors: Lima da Rocha Rosana , Railson de Sousa Gomes Naelson , Fernandes Martins Lopes Osayanne , Luísa Mendonça Bezerra Rocha Maria , De Oliveira Silva Julia , Medeiros Azevedo Gisllyana , Paula Barros Fonseca Ana , Cecília Azevedo Santana Clara , Batista de Andrade Nathália , Melo Evangelista Luanna Soares de
Published: September 2024

Introdução: Capillaria é um gênero de nematoides que abrange muitas espécies de importância veterinária. Capillaria plica e C. feliscatisão as principais espécies que parasitam o sistema urinário de felinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de capilariose em um gato domiciliado atendido em uma clínica veterinária de Teresina, Piauí. Relato do caso: O animal era um macho castrado, de 12 anos de idade, que chegou à clínica com apatia, adipsia, disúria e vômito. Ao exame físico, constatou-se, por meio da palpação abdominal, uma distensão da bexiga urinária. Foi solicitada uma cistocentese para a realização da urinálise e exame de sedimento urinário, sendo observada a presença de estruturas compatíveis com ovos de Capillaria sp. Na urinálise do paciente, também foi comprovada hematúria. Em decorrência da disúria e leve desidratação, o animal ficou em observação na clínica, onde foi instituído um protocolo com analgésico e fluidoterapia, sendo prescrito tratamento com fembendazol. Considerações finais: Concluiu-se que gatos domiciliados em Teresina-PI podem ser infectados por Capillaria sp., sendo o exame de sedimento da urina uma ferramenta adequada para o diagnóstico precoce da capilariose felina.
A MATERNIDADE E O RETORNO AO TRABALHO
Authors: Aguiar Luana Morais de , Tosta Kelly Cristina Benetti Tonani , Pinto Deborah Gonçalves de Souza
Published: September 2024

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção das mães sobre o acolhimento organizacional no retorno ao trabalho após a licença maternidade e durante a primeira infância dos filhos. Desenvolveu-se um questionário misto que foi aplicado com mulheres mães atuantes no mercado de trabalho as quais possuem filhos até 6 anos de idade. A análise dos dados quantitativos obtidos foi realizada utilizando o software Excel, enquanto os dados qualitativos, provenientes dos relatos e das respostas descritivas das entrevistadas, foram interpretados à luz das teorias abordadas. Os resultados destacaram que a gestão das empresas, a falta de empatia, a falta de gestões específicas para mulheres e os preconceitos em relação à maternidade têm um impacto negativo no retorno e na atuação das mães, levando muitas a se sentirem desvalorizadas e pressionadas a provar constantemente sua capacidade no trabalho, mesmo que isso não esteja relacionado com suas funções como cuidadoras.
Diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of neurocognitive disorders in older adults post-trauma: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Merriman Niamh A. , Walsh Mary E. , O'Regan Niamh , Carrigan Marie , Hickey Pamela , Brent Louise , Blake Catherine
Published: September 2024

Background Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), including delirium, cognitive impairment, or dementia are prevalent in up to 39% of older adults in acute care, particularly older trauma patients. Undiagnosed NCDs result in poor outcomes, such as increased incidence of depressive symptoms, longer length of stay, and mortality. Objective This study aims to identify the diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of NCDs in older trauma patients in acute settings. Design Systematic review protocol. Literature search Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library) will be searched for journal articles. Search terms related to NCDs, delirium and cognitive screening tools, and diagnostic accuracy will be included. Study selection criteria Cross-sectional, prospective, or retrospective cohort studies of adults aged ≥60 post-trauma, in an acute setting, will be included where the study aimed to validate a screening tool for detection of 1) delirium or 2) cognitive impairment, or dementia against a reference standard of a clinical decision, based on standardised diagnostic criteria or a validated tool. Data synthesis Two review authors will conduct study selection, data extraction, and appraisal. Data will be extracted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) checklist. Studies will be assessed for methodological quality by two independent review authors using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Narrative summaries will be generated describing risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability. Quantitative synthesis of study findings will be conducted. Conclusion This systematic review will aim to identify screening tools with the best diagnostic accuracy for detection of 1) delirium and 2) cognitive impairment or dementia in adults aged ≥60 post-trauma in acute care settings. Results will inform clinical practice to enhance the probability of patients with NCDs receiving appropriate care and management. Registration PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024518730 (11/03/2024).
PROCare4Life integrated care model validation
Authors: Gangas Pilar , Lennox-Chhugani Niamh , Alvarez Arturo , Aldasoro Edelweiss , Can Semerci Yusuf , Judica Elda , Louro Claudia , Proença Joao P , Marin Mayca , Calarota Elisa , Meidlinger Sarah
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on reporting the methodology and results of the EU funded project PROCare4Life, whose main goal has been to develop an integrated, personalised, IT system, to empower and improve the Quality of Life of elderly people living with Parkinsons’, Alzheimer’s or other dementia. Research has been implemented to evaluate the results against the PROCare4Life integrated care strategy. Multimethod, quantitative, and qualitative research has been performed, benefiting from the Pilot 3 results gathered by consortium members. The article has been organised according to the research questions, which were based on the expected results by PROCare4Life that might support the future integration of care when the system is further developed and integrated into healthcare provision organisations. The PROCare4Life system is a digital tool that includes features that might support the advance of the integration of care, such as data sharing among multidisciplinary healthcare professionals and with patients and caregivers, the enhancement of direct communication among them or the constant sharing of the data monitored by the PROCare4Life system. Technology readiness levels (TRLs) 7 was achieved by the final prototype of the PROCare4Life system. Pilot representatives consider the PROCare4Life idea and underlying model of care very innovative and promising, and believe it can certainly improve care practice through more enhanced integrated care. It is usable for people of different ages, conditions, and socioeconomic levels. It has been assessed to be more effective for elderly people living with Parkinson’s than with dementia. Patients and caregivers indicated that the system helped them reduce their anxiety and increase their quality of life. Although overall assessment of the system by healthcare professionals was positive, divided opinions were shared on its capability to save time. Requirements for future scalability have been included in the last section.
Faces Revealed Project and ancient Egyptian yellow coffins: A new methodology step-by-step
Authors: Mainieri Stefania
Published: September 2024

Faces Revealed Project established a new methodology for studying the geometry of the human forms and facial features realized on anthropoid yellow coffins of Ancient Egypt. Since 1980, yellow coffins have been the subject of various studies mainly focused on iconography and palaeography. However, these anthropoid coffins are three-dimensional objects with well-rendered masks and detailed facial features as well as forearms, hands and bellies. This lack of analysis in the study of coffins may be due to the fact that they are “concealed” by rich and multi-coloured decoration, so they are not easily visible in all their forms to the naked eye. Today new technologies allow us to go more in-depth and digitally switch off the decoration and observe these “invisible” features. As this is an entirely new process, the primary task of the Faces Revealed Project was to establish a new methodology from the photogrammetric survey to the data collection. The present article discusses in detail the stages of the Project applied to around 100 Egyptian yellow coffins stored in Museums in Europe, the United States and Egypt and the information that they can disclose. The task is to share with the scientific community the established protocol and offering the possibility to “work independently” applying the same methodology to the same objects as well as to other classes of material.
Impact of life-course growth and cumulative burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors on mid-life cognition in the Vellore birth cohort
Authors: Gowri S Mahasampath , Antonisamy Belavendra , Krishna Murali , Krishnaveni Ghattu V , Kumar Keshav , Gopalakrishnan Rajesh , Noel Joseph , AT Prabhakar , George Anirudha , Vanjare Harshad , Samuel Prasanna , Vasan Senthil K , Osmond Clive , Fall Caroline HD
Published: September 2024

Introduction Mid-life cognitive function contributes to a wide range of health and social outcomes. However, there are knowledge gaps in understanding the associations of life-course growth and longitudinal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk marker profile which are major determinants of mid-life cognition. Our study, therefore, aims to examine the relationships of size at birth, growth during infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and the cumulative burden of CVD risk factors during adulthood with mid-life cognitive performance (brain reserve and structure). Methods and analysis The study will include 1400 participants aged between 49 and 54 from the Vellore Birth Cohort (VBC). Exposures include data collected previously on serial growth measurements (height and weight) from birth to the age of 45 years, IQ measured using the Binet-Kamat battery in childhood, and CVD risk factor profile (blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin concentrations, lipid profile), modifiable lifestyle characteristics (diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use) and socio-economic status (SES) measured at mean ages 28, 41.5and 45 years. The NIMHANS Neuropsychology Battery (NNB) and Weschler Memory Scale III – Indian Edition (WMS) will be used to assess cognitive performance across multiple domains as outcomes. Anthropometry, modifiable lifestyle characteristics, and SES will be updated for the current study. A subset of 150 participants will undergo functional neuroimaging [fMRI] to quantify brain volume, white matter hyperintensities, and resting state functional connectivity. Conditional regression methods and latent trajectory models will be used to quantify changes in growth and adult cumulative CVD risk factor burden. Factor analysis will be used to reduce the dimensions of multi-domain cognitive battery tests. Ethics and dissemination The institutional ethics committees of CMC, Vellore, India, have approved the study. Findings will be shared through scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journal publications.
DIGITAL TOOLS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE UNIVERSITY TRADE UNION
Authors: Ambarova Polina , Mal'cev A. , Ermolaeva S.
Published: September 2024

The digital transformation of society and higher education affects university trade unions today, especially the sphere of communicative interaction between members of a trade union organization. The introduction of digital communication and information exchange tools has become a daily practice of modern university trade unions. However, representatives of the university trade union have different attitudes towards the use of digital communication tools, perceive their risks, and have different preferences in choosing certain communication tools. The purpose of the article is to identify the attitude of university trade union members to digital communication methods and their impact on various aspects of the life of university trade unions. A study conducted in 2023 in a number of universities in the Ural Federal District showed that members of university trade unions are generally ready to use digitalization tools to intensify communication and quickly achieve their goals. However, the trade union community is clearly aware of the risks of digital communication, including digital exclusion, increased information noise and reduced cohesion.
DIGITIZATION OF MICRO-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES AS A TREND IN STRATEGIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Tokareva Y. , Kazaeva E. , Utkin V. , Nidergaus E.
Published: September 2024

The research topic is due to the development of digital technologies in organizations and the constant improvement of the skills of employees through new training methods.

The subject of the study is the process of personnel training and development using micro-training as a trend of strategic management of an organization in the context of digitalization.

A theoretical analysis of existing experience has shown an insufficient amount of described experience in the introduction and use of micro-learning technologies in companies using digital tools, which makes it difficult to use it in practical HR activities in the context of digitalization. The authors focus on the problem of determining the effectiveness of digitalization of micro-education and its impact on the basis of strategic human resource management. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for organizations on the effective use of micro-education to improve the quality of training and staff development, improve staff motivation for training, which contributes to achieving the strategic goals of the organization and increasing its competitiveness in the market.