bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Donor Age, Cold Ischemia Time, and Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Helanterä Ilkka , Ibrahim Hassan N. , Lempinen Marko , Finne Patrik
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Increased donor age is one of the most important risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF), and previous studies suggest that the harmful effect of cold ischemia time is increased in kidneys from older donors. Our aim was to study the association of increased donor age and cold ischemia time with the risk of delayed graft function in a large cohort kidney transplants from the current era.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was used for this observational, retrospective registry analysis to identify all deceased donor kidney transplantations in the United States between 2010 and September 2018, who were on dialysis pretransplantation (n=90,810). The association of donor age and cold ischemia time with the risk of DGF was analyzed in multivariable models adjusted for recipient characteristics (age, race, sex, diabetes, calculated panel-reactive antibodies, pretransplant dialysis duration) and donor characteristics (cause of death, sex, race, body mass index, creatinine, donation after circulatory death status, history of hypertension, and HLA mismatch).

Results

Cold ischemia time and donor age were independently associated with the risk of DGF, but the risk of DGF was not statistically significantly lower in donor age categories between 50 and 64 years, compared with donors ≥65 years. The harmful association of cold ischemia time was not higher in kidneys from older donors in any age category, not even among donation after circulatory death donors. When donor risk was assessed with kidney donor profile index, although a statistically significant interaction with cold ischemia time was found, no practically meaningful increase in cold-ischemia susceptibility of kidneys with a high kidney donor profile index was found.

Conclusions

We were unable to demonstrate an association between donor age and DGF. The association of longer cold ischemia time with the risk of DGF was not magnified in older or more marginal donors.
ROLE OF SUGARS IN SURFACE MICROBE-HOST INTERACTIONS IN GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS INVASION
Authors: O PAI MANJU , S VENKATESH , GUPTA PRATIMA , CHAKRABORTI ANURADHA
Published: May 2020

Objective: Metabolic sources for food play a very important role in developing a niche for a microbe to invade and cause infection in the host. The influence of various sugars on invasion of Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B streptococcus (GBS) into HeLa and A549 cells in vitro were evaluated.

Methods: The cell lines and the bacteria were pretreated separately with different sugars before invasion. These observations were also corroborated with light microscopy.

Results: Our results showed that the maximum GBS invasion observed at 2h, decreased significantly (p<0.05) when the cells were pretreated with N-acetyl galactosamine (GlcNAc), D-xylose, sucrose, lactose, D-mannose, and D-glucose. In contrast, mannitol was seen to support the invasion of GBS. In addition, when a combined effect of GlcNAc and xylose was studied, 87.5%–91% inhibition to GBS invasion was observed in HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively. A sizeable reduction in invasion was observed when the bacteria were pretreated with 10 mM of D-Glucose (79.32%), GlcNAc (69.66%), and mannose (48.28%). In conclusion, GlcNAc, D-xylose, and D-glucose proved to be excellent inhibitors to GBS invasion. Furthermore, bacterial pretreatment results might indicate that these sugar specific receptors might be present on the epithelial cells which possibly gets blocked and thus inhibits the entry of GBS.

Conclusion: These findings are the first to suggest the role of these sugars as a way to alternative therapies to GBS infection by altering the host-pathogen environment during invasion.
PLANTS IN FAMILY LAMIACEAE USED MEDICINALLY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM FOUND IN THE NILGIRIS DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: MUGENDHIRAN S  , J SHASHIKANTH , M MURALI , ARYA RENU , S RAJAN , KHURANA ANIL
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to survey and document homeopathic medicinal plants in Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: To collect homeopathic plants of Lamiaceae in the Nilgiris District, we undertook various field trips during the year 2018–2019. The plants collected were pressed, poisoned, mounted, and stitched on herbarium sheets and deposited at the Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy herbarium (Acronym SMPRGH).

Results: The present study deals with both wild and cultivated species of 15 genera belonging to 24 species of Lamiaceae family members reported in the Nilgiris District. Reported homeopathy plants such as Aloysia citriodora Palau, Lavandula officinalis Chaix., Leonurus cardiaca L., Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link., Mentha piperita L., Mentha spicata L., Melissa officinalis L., Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Plectranthus fruticosus L’Her., Prunella vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia verbenaca L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Thymus serpyllum L., the present article gives the scientific name, synonym, homeopathic drug name, original author citation, English name, phenology, short description, and part of plant used for preparing homoeopathic medicine, whether indigenous or exotic and uses are given.

Conclusion: Reported 24 homoeopathic medicinal plants are used in homoeopathic medicinal system to treat various diseases, and also present study reveals the importance of conservation and sustainable utilization.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF SIDA GLUTINOSA
Authors: GUDURU RAJESWARI  , LATHA D SWARNA , SEKHAR KB CHANDRA
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study is to screen for the phytochemical constituents which are of pharmacological importance present in the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Sida glutinosa (SG).

Methods: The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant of SG is subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of major phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, Iron (III) to Iron (II) reducing activity, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Further, the ethanolic extract was subjected to fingerprinting technique high-pressure thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed to estimate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantitatively in isocratic mode.

Results: Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of pharmacologically important constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids. The study also revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the extract with IC50 value. The extract fingerprinting through HPTLC revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Rp-HPLC showed 0.35±0.12 μg/ml of total phenolics, 0.0013±0.05μg/ml of alkaloids, and 0.00081±0.08 μg/ml of flavonoids.

Conclusion: Scientific evaluation of SG which has therapeutic significance was carried out which is an important concept for the standardization of the plant-based drug. Further, there is a need for isolation and characterization of the lead molecules their systemic evaluation for its pharmacological activities.
WATER EXTRACTS FROM THE COMBINATION OF COCCINIA GRANDIS (L.) VOIGT LEAVES AND AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. FRUITS WITH ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: PUTRA I MADE WISNU ADHI , ATE OLYN TIEN , KUSUMAWATI I GUSTI AYU WITA , NURSINI NI WAYAN
Published: May 2020

Objective: The combination of two or more plants in a product can improve the nature of the activity of the compounds contained and reduce toxicity. This study was aimed to make water extracts from the combination of Coccinia grandis (L.) CG Voigt and Averrhoa bilimbi L. (AB) with antidiabetic properties.

Methods: The water extracts were made by decocting the combination of powdered CG Voigt leaves and AB fruits at various mass ratios (1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 0:1) and various amounts of powdered samples (1–5 g). The process was done in 100 ml of boiling water for 5 min.

Results: The results showed that the highest total flavonoid content and total phenolic content of 135.1±0.18 mg quercetin equivalent micrograms d.m. and 48.5±3.09 mg gallic acid equivalent/g d.m., respectively, were found in the sample with a combination ratio of 1:3 (1 g). The antioxidant activity test using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method showed that the sample with a combination ratio of 3:1 had the lowest value of IC50 (4.447±0.446 mg/ml), which indicated the strongest radical scavenging activity, while the highest inhibition of α-amylase activity in the sample with a combination ratio of 1:1 amounted to 1.086±0.264 mg/ml.

Conclusion: In general, all combinations of CG Voigt leaves and AB fruits had the potential as antidiabetic health beverages.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN SUI WU’U FROM BAJAWA DISTRICT, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, INDONESIA
Authors: AYEN ROSALINA YULIANA , KUSDIYANTINI ENDANG , PUJIYANTO SRI
Published: May 2020

Objective: This research aimed to isolate, determine the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of Sui Wu’u from Bajawa, Nusa Tenggara Timur and identify LAB using 16S rRNA potential as antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria.

Methods: Sui Wu’u which has been stored for 6 months was obtained from Bajawa district, inoculated on de Man Rogosa-Sharpe Agar (Merck) + 0.5% CaCO3, purification of LAB, characterization of selected isolates, biochemical test, tolerance test for pH, viability to test temperature, and content NaCl, determination of antimicrobial action by the agar well disk diffusion method using antibiotic (Amoxicillin) as a control and as indicator bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and isolation of genomic 16S rRNA; molecular identification.

Results: Based on research results obtained five isolates of LAB, Gram staining the LAB isolated from Sui Wu’u showed that the isolated bacteria (bacilli and coccus) are Gram-positive, catalase-negative and the isolates have tolerance of viability at temperatures of 10°C, 45°C, and 50°C and to salinitas of 4% and 6.5%. The inhibitory zone LAB isolates (2PKT) against E. coli bacteria (20 mm) and S. aureus (12 mm), and (2PKB) against E. coli bacteria (17 mm) and S. aureus (10 mm). The two selected isolates were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum strain HB bacteria with 100% identification value and 98.93% query cover and L. fermentum strain HT with 100% identification value and 99.23% query cover.

Conclusion: L. fermentum from Sui Wu’u has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
POST-GLENOID FORAMEN: A RARE EMISSARY FORAMEN IN HUMAN SKULL
Authors: G PRIYA , R YASODAI
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of post-glenoid foramen in human skulls.

Methods: The study was carried out in 100 adult dry human skulls with 200 temporal bones on each side (right and left) which were collected from the Department of Anatomy at RVS Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore. The selected skulls were placed on a flat table and the considerable foramen was visually identified by two investigators. The foramen was examined by a probing method to find out its patency.

Results: Of 100 skulls (200 temporal bones), only one skull showed a unilateral post-glenoid foramen on the mandibular fossa of the left side temporal bone (2% of 200).

Conclusion: The emissary veins are considered as an important encephalic venous drainage that connects the intracranial and extracranial venous pathway through emissary foramen. If there is little variation, and rare occurrence of the emissary foramen may cause serious pathological condition. Thereby, the present study highlights one of the rare emissary foramen, the post-glenoid foramen. This anatomical study of post-glenoid foramen may help the surgeons while operating temporomandibular joint and inner ear malformation to avoid the risk of accidental bleeding during surgery.
TANNIN CONTENT OF ARECA NUT AFTER NANOCHITOSAN COATING ON DRYING METHODS
Authors: PUTRI FEVI MAWADHAH , PRIHASTANTI ERMA , DWI HASTUTI ENDAH
Published: May 2020

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effect of nanochitosan (NC) coating in different drying methods on the tannin content of areca nut.

Methods: Areca nut was obtained from the seed of Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Chitosan was isolated from shrimp shell waste through deproteination, demineralization, depigmentation, and deacetylation. NC was made using the ionic gelation method. The treatment used three levels of concentrations; K0 (uncoated-control), K1 (NC 1.5 g/l), and K2 (NC 3 g/l), and it employed two drying methods, namely, P1 (sun drying) and P2 (oven drying). Tannin content measured by spectrophotometry method. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance univariate two factors and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Results: The result showed that the NC-coated areca nut has a higher tannin content compared with the uncoated areca nut. The level of NC concentration had a significantly different effect (p 0.02 < 0.05), whereas the drying method gave no significant effect (p 0.81 > 0.05) and there was no interaction between NC concentration and drying method (p 0.89 > 0.05 ). The tannin content in areca nut in K0 (control) treatment was 17.44%, K1 (NC 1.5 g / l) was 18.11%, and K2 (NC 3 g / l) was 18.83%.

Conclusion: Application of NC as a coating on areca nut can prevent the loss of tannin throughout the drying process. Dried areca nut with K2 treatment (NC 3 g/l) has the highest tannin content as it reaches18.83%.
SOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS AS ANTIDIABETIC MOLECULES FROM CRESSA CRETICA
Authors: SANGEETA RANI  , GAHLOT KAVITA , KUMAR ARVIND
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the diabetic effect of phytocompounds isolated from Cressa cretica Linn. using spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking studies.

Methods: Coarse powder of the whole plant of C. cretica was extracted with methanol, extracted part was subjected to silica column isolation, and two compounds: 2-Isopropyl-4-(1-methyl-dodeca-2,4-dienyloxy)-benzene-1,3,5-triol (Compound CN-01) and 11-Methyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl ester (Compound CN-02) were isolated in pure form. The three-dimensional structure of target protein was downloaded from PDB (www.rcsb.org) Protein Data Bank, Ligand file CN – 01 and CN – 02 were converted to MDL Molfile (V2000) format using ChemSketch 2017.2.1. These files could not be used directly in AutoDock 4.0 tools; thus, they were first converted to PDB files using an open babel tool.

Results: Compounds were revealed through spectroscopic analysis and screened using AutoDock 4.0 tools. Docking study recommended that CN – 01 and CN – 02 an existing phytochemical from the plant of C. cretica had the highest fitness docking score and hence could be a potent antidiabetic drug.

Conclusion: In this investigation, we docked the receptor (glycogen phosphorylase protein) holds a promising lead target formation against diabetes based on molecular docking analysis (minimum hydrogen bond length and maximum docked score). Thus, these compounds can be effectively used as drugs for treating diabetes which is predicted on the basis of docking scores.
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE – PILOT STUDY
Authors: SANKAR U GANAPATHY , R MONISHA
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the current research is to evaluate the benefits of electrical stimulation of quadriceps for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Methods: Ten COPD patients were willing to get enrolled in the study and after baseline screening procedure received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with exercises for the bilateral lower limb. NMES is cost-effective and best be available to the population with COPD at the bedside.
Results: There exist a significant increase in five sit to stand test (p<0.01), 6-min walk test (p<0.05), and clinical COPD questionnaire (p<0.05), followed by the application of NMES.
Conclusion: NMES has no impact and stress over the respiratory system and it is a gold standard exercise training modality in improving quality of life and satisfaction for people with COPD in rural locations where access to hospitalization is limited.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL NANOPARTICLES BY SALTING OUT TECHNIQUE
Authors: PB SAILAJA , JYOTHI B JEEVANA
Published: May 2020

Objectives: At the current miserable state of the prevalence of cancers, there is a need for the development of simple technologies to prepare formulations of anticancer drugs with less economy and investment. Hence, the aim of the present work is to prepare nanoparticles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by simple technique, such as salting out method.

Methods: Nanoparticles containing 10 mg of 5-FU were prepared by salting out method using Eudragit-100 as polymer. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated by particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release studies, and drug-excipient interaction studies.

Results: Nanoparticles prepared by salting out methods showed higher dissolution rate for formulation F3 and F5 revealed high percentage release of 98.6±0.24 in 60 min and 86.5±0.39% in 120 min. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed no interaction between drug and excipients used for preparation.

Conclusion: 5-FU nanoparticles can be produced successfully by salting out method using drug to polymer (Eudragit S-100) ratio of 1:3 to possess ideal drug release characteristics and average particle size of 205.1 nm.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF GRACILARIA
Authors: K. CHALINI , M. JOHNSON , G. ADAIKALARAJ , GEORGE VIDYARANI , P. RAMAKRISHNAN
Published: May 2020

Objective: In the present investigation an attempt was made to examine the anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extracts of Gracilaria salicornia C. Ag., Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva, Gracilaria corticata J. Ag., Gracilaria fergusonii J. Ag.,and Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfus from Mandapam, Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva., Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfus from Pulicate Lake, Gracilaria fergusonii J. Ag., Gracilaria corticata J. Ag. and Gracilaria corticata J. Ag. var. cylindrica from Tuticorin using heat induced haemolysis of RBC. In addition, the present study is focused to reveal the locality specific anti-inflammatory activities of selected Gracillaria species.Methods: The fresh seaweeds were boiled with distilled water (1:20 W/V) for 2 h. The slurry was filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and condensed. The semi-solid crude extracts were used for anti-inflammatory analysis.Results: An aqueous extracts of studied Gracilaria species were effective in inhibiting the heat induced haemolysis at different concentrations. The results showed the dose dependent protection. The percentage of anti-inflammatory activity of studied Gracillaria was varied from 43.81 to 95.55. The highest percentage (95.55%) of activity was observed in 250 Âµg/ml of G. edulis aqueous extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity of studied Gracillaria species at 250 Âµg/ml were as follows G. edulis (Mandabam)>G. corticata (Mandabam)>G. verucosa (Mandabam)>G. salicornia (Mandabam)>G. ferugosonii (Tuticorin)>G. ferugosonii (Mandabam)>G. edulis (Pulicate)>G. corticata (Tuticorin)>G. verucosa (Pulicate)>G. corticata var. cylindrica (Tuticorin).Conclusion: The results of the present study clearly explained the anti-inflammatory potential of the studied Gracillaria species. The aqueous 0extracts of Gracillaria collected from Mandapam showed the highest percentage of protection activity. This study results confirm the existence of active principle responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are required to isolate the active principles without any side effects.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME LESS UTILIZED EDIBLE FRUITS
Authors: Dasgupta Sumita , Pandya Maitry , Patel Nirali
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of five less utilized fruits such as Aegle marmelos, Spondias pinnata, Limonia acidissima, Averhoa carambola, Crescentia cujete and was compared with Phyllanthus emblica, (Amla) well known for its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were correlated with antioxidant activities like 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Methods: The total phenolic of each fruit extract were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were estimated by Aluminum trichloride colourimetric method. The DPPH antioxidant assay, The FRAP assay and TAC were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The total phenolics were expressed as mg/100g Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/100 gm) and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg/100g Quercetin equivalent (mg QE/100 gm). TPC was found to be maximum in Spondias pinnata with 142.16 mg GAE/100 gm where as TFC was maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 91.1 mgQE/100 gm. DPPH radical scavenging activity was expressed n percentage(%),Â FRAP values expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent (AAE) and the total antioxidant activity was expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent. Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by Spondias pinnata (93.75%), FRAP values were maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 72.6 mg AAE/100 gm and total antioxidant capacity was found to be highest in Spondias pinnata (50.1 mg AAE/100 gm).Conclusion: Spondias pinnata, an underutilized fruit, was found to be promising with antioxidant activities comparable to Phyllanthus emblica.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF IBUPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE AND FORMULATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS CONTAINING THE OPTIMISED BATCH OF SOLID DISPERSION
Authors: KAR ABHIK , AHMED ABDUL BAQUEE
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble drug Ibuprofen using solid dispersion technique and to develop sustained release tablets containing solid dispersion granules of the optimized batch. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, antipyretic, andÂ anti-inflammatory propertiesMethods: Solid dispersions of Ibuprofen were prepared by using PEG 20000 and Poloxamer 407 in different weight ratios by fusion and solvent evaporation method. Drug-carrier physical mixtures were also prepared. Solid dispersions were characterized by saturation solubility, drug content, in vitro dissolution, FTIR and DSC analysis. Solid dispersion formulation, SDF9 (PEG 20000 and Poloxamer 407, 1:3:3) prepared by solvent evaporation method was considered as the optimized batch. Sustained release tablets containing the solid dispersion granules of the optimized batch were prepared by direct compression method using HPMC K100M at three concentrations (10%, 14%, 18% w/w). The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, in vitro dissolution studies and release kinetics modelling.Results: Solid dispersion formulation, SDF9showed 95.09% drug release in 60 min and considered as the optimized batch. Tablet formulation, FT3 (HPMC K100M 18% w/w) showed 96% drug release for 12 h.Conclusion: Solid dispersions of ibuprofen using a combination of PEG 20000 and poloxamer 407 by solvent evaporation method may result in higher aqueous solubility of the drug. Also sustained release tablets containing solid dispersion granules of ibuprofen, using HPMC K100M may be a promising approach to extend the release rate of the drug from the solid dispersion for 12 h.
STUDY TO EVALUATE SEVERE ADRS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Malahat A. R. , Latha C. Deepa , K. Sudhakar , Baloju Deepika , Vijayalakshmi G.
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study attempts to analyze the severe ADRs in a tertiary care centre and assess their seriousness, outcome, causality and severity. We emphasize on the need for reporting of ADRs by all healthcare professionals as it will reduce the burden of morbidity due to drugs and ensure better and more efficient healthcare. To analyse and evaluate the severe ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONs reported from various departments in a Tertiary care Teaching hospital.Methods: It is a prospective observational study that was carried out over a period of 6 mo (from July 2016 to December 2016) to assess the percentage of severe adverse drug reactions reported to the Pharmacovigilance cell of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The data collected included patientâ€™s demographic details, presenting complaints, clinical diagnosis and details of the drug(s) prescribed. The data was analysed for causality (as per the WHO-UMC scale) and severity (as per Hartwig and Siegel scale).Results: Out of 64 ADRs reported, 17 were serious. The majority of serious ADRs were categorized as probable (82.35%), whilst 1(5.8%) was categorized as possible and 2(11.76%) as certain in nature. The criteria for the majority of serious ADRs were hospitalization (%) followed by intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage (%).Conclusion: The highest percentage of severe cases was reported with Antitubercular therapy (23.5%) followed by analgesics (23%) and anti epileptic agents (17.6%).
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARECTERIZATION OFINTRACELLULAR ORANGE FLUORESCENT PIGMENT FROM BACILLUS ENDOPHYTICUS (AVP-9(Kf527823)
Authors: Ram Mantri Sai , Kumar Nokku Pradeep , Bhaskar C. V. S. , Audipudi Amrutha V.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Our study aimed to characterize and optimize the physico-chemical properties which render the high yield of intracellular orange fluorescent pigment (IOFP) and its antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens.Methods: Intracellular orange fluorescent pigment (IOFP) extracted from Bacillus endophyticus AVP-9(Kf527823) a rhizobacteria of chilli agricultural field using different solvent systems, fractioned by TLC and analyzed for absorption maxima. Purified pigment was screened for antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogen, Optimization of cultural conditions for maximizing the yield of pigment and compared the yield in different broth media.Results: AVP-9(Kf527823) showed circular, large orange color colonies which fluoresced orange under U. V light,. Intracellular pigment affectively extracted in acetone showed a bright fluorescent orange spot on the TLC plate, and absorption maxima at 493 nm. Antibacterial activity of isolated pigment showed highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and least to Pseudomonas. Maximum yield of the pigment was achieved in modified nutrient brot (MNB)h medium containing 2% w/v nutrient broth containing1% w/v glucose,1% w/v peptone and0.5% methionine at 35 Â°C and pH 7.0 with 48 h of incubation period. The yield was observed maximum in MNB. Compared to lactose broth, Tryptone soya broth and peptone water.Conclusion: Bright fluorescent orange pigment of Bacterium avp-9(Kf527823) with absorption maxima at 493 indicating that the pigment shows the characters of carotenoids. Yield maximum in MNB and its potential antibacterial activity needs further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.
IN VITRO ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF MICROENCAPSULATED AND NON-ENCAPSULATED ASTAXANTHIN
Authors: Suganya V. , Anuradha V. , Ali M. Syed , Sangeetha P. , Bhuvana P.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Diabetes is a long term condition which indicates the high blood pressure. The symptoms indicates, polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). Many drugs has been discovered for curing diabetes. Recent studies reported that the administration of astaxanthin reduces the blood pressure in the diabetic patient. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant found in wide variety of aquatic living organism which has wide applications in pharmacological studies.Methods: In vitro antidiabetic study of both encapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin such as DNSA method, starch-iodine color assay method and Î± glycosidase enzymes assay was carried out.Results: The results of the present study indicated that both encapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin shows higher antidiabetic activity in all the method. Each test samples possess the best activity when compared to standard drug acarbose.Conclusion: The present study, it is concluded that both non-encapsulated and encapsulated astaxanthin exhibit good antidiabetic activity.
ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY ASSAYOF SAGE (LANTANA CAMARA L.)LEAVES BASED ON THE BREATHING PATTERN OF MALE GUINEA PIGS USING ADOBE AUDITION 1.5 PROGRAM
Authors: Yuliastri Wa Ode , Soemardji Andreanus , Ifaya Mus
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to assay antitussive activity of Sage (Lantana camara L.)leavesMethods: Antitussive Assay was conducted based on The Breathing Pattern of Male Guinea Pigs Using Adobe Audition 1.5 Program.Results: Comparison of the frequency of breathing patterns guinea pig groups sage (Lantana camara L.)Â  leaves water fraction at a dose of 4.58 mg/kg bw dose of 9.17 mg/kg bw and doses of 18.35 mg/kg bw statistically significantly different results (p<0.05), as well as the ratio of intensity of the breathing pattern of the guinea pig. As for the water extract, significant differences in the frequency comparison guinea pig respiratory pattern is only shown at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw on the other side for its intensity did not show significant differences (p<0.05).Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sage leaves in the form of three fractionation (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water) can improve the breathing pattern guinea pig cough, especially at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw.Â
SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF PIOGLITAZONE USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Bhairav Bhushan A. , Jagtap Lalit R. , Saudagar R. B.
Published: May 2020

Objective: To design the study to improve the solubility and hence enhance the dissolution of hydrophobic drug Pioglitazone in order to increase its bioavailability.Methods: Solid dispersion of Pioglitazone using carriers Poloxomer 188 and HPÎ²CD was formulated in different ratios by microwave induced fusion method. In particular, the Microwave technology has been considered in order to prepare an enhanced release dosage form for poorly water soluble drug Pioglitazone. Statistical Analysis: Their physicochemical characteristics and solubility were compared to the corresponding dispersions and marketed drug. Drug and polymer were further characterized by FTIR.Results: The results of FTIR revealed that no chemical interaction between the drug and the polymer exist.Conclusion: All the formulations showed a marked increase in drug release with the increase in the concentration of Poloxomer 188 and HPÎ²CD.Â
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND HPTLC ANALYSIS OF PLANT PHYLLANTHUS FRATERNUS
Authors: Sarkar Biresh Kumar , Kumar Ravi , . Reeta , Verma S. C. , Pal Shashi , Maddi Ramaiah , Krishna C. Murali , Singh Ravindra
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present investigation evaluated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus fraternus. Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase was performed along with protein denaturation.Methods: Alcoholic extract of plant was subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and HPTLC analysis.Results: The results of anti-inflammatory activity showed significant inhibition in Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase assay, extract also showed more than 70 % inhibition in protein denaturation method. HPTLC of plant materials was also performed; spots of alkaloids were recorded.Conclusion: Different alkaloids were spotted in chromatographic analysis and study suggested that anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus fraternus may be due to the presence of alkaloids.Â
Status Kewarganegaraan Anak Hasil Perkawinan Campuran yang Lahir Pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmawan I Putu Gede Bayu , Suryawan I Gusti Bagus , Suryani Luh Putu
Published: May 2020

In many societies, marriage customs, who married her partner of different nationality for example a man citizen of Indonesia who married women foreign nationals or otherwise. It is caused due to the influence of globalization today. Of course, the marriage will having problems in the determination of citizenship status if they have children, especially if they settled in Indonesia. This research intended to find answers about the determination of the status of citizenship of children born of mixed marriages and the legal protection of children of mixed marriages that result. This research uses research methods through a conceptual approach to normative. The author uses primary law binding and also secondary legal material as a reference. The results of this research is the child of a mixed marriage deserve the status of dual citizenship is limited and is also entitled to preventive legal protection to guarantee the certainty of the law as a citizen of Indonesia.

Dalam melangsungkan perkawinan, banyak masyarakat yang menikah dengan pasangannya yang berbeda kewarganegaraan misalnya seorang pria warga negara Indonesia yang menikah dengan wanita warga negara asing ataupun sebaliknya. Itu disebabkan karena pengaruh globalisasi saat ini. Tentu saja perkawinan tersebut akan menimbulkan masalah dalam penentuan status kewarganegaraan apabila pasangan tersebut memiliki anak, terutama apabila pasangan tersebut menetap di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menemukan jawaban tentang penentuan status kewarganegaraan anak yang lahir dari perkawinan campuran tersebut dan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak hasil perkawinan campuran terserbut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual. Penulis menggunakan bahan hukum primer yang bersifat mengikat dan juga bahan hukum sekunder sebagai referensi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah anak hasil perkawinan campuran berhak mendapatkan status kewarganegaraan ganda terbatas dan juga berhak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum preventif untuk menjamin kepastian hukumnya sebagai warga negara Indonesia.
ART INTERVENTION IN THE SUB-URBAN AREA VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Adityo .
Published: May 2020

Indonesia Art Institute of Yogyakarta is one of well- known art college in Indonesia. This institution has graduated many Indonesian famous artists. Located at Sewon, Bantul, this institution has a significant effect on the suburban area development of the institution surrounding area. The art atmosphere of surrounding area shaped by Art-activities that happened there. Many formal or informal artspace also located there stimulate the activities to become intense and sustain. Beside that One thing that enriching the art atmosphere is mural drawing that done in private properties in the public spaces. The mural drawing spreading around the suburban area surrounding the college building. 20 mural has been recorded only in one village, and its enrich the visual aspect of the sub-urban area and beautifully blending to the suburban area. The mural draws also expresses a message for people who have seen it as a sightseeing object and makes the suburban area as a public artwork gallery. This research aims to know the factors how the mural drawing can be blend to the area and strengthen the place identity of the area by knowing the relationship between mural drawing and where it is made. Observation has been done in the sub-urban area surrounding the Indonesia art institute of Yogyakarta. The concept of the mural is contextual to the site. Its usually represent the social or environmental issue that happens there. The space and sensitivity of selection the mural drawing theme not only make the artwork blended naturally with the area but improve place-identity of the area. Furthermore the phenomena have potential to be a theme of this suburban area development.
A OBSERVAÇÃO PARTICIPANTE PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES DE CRIANÇAS DESNUTRIDAS MENORES DE DOIS ANOS
Authors: Saldan Paula Chuproski , Mello Débora Falleiros de
Published: May 2020

Objetivou-se descrever a utilização da observação participante (OP) para análise da alimentação de crianças desnutridas menores de dois anos. Foram analisados na íntegra oito diários de campo (DC) para identificar como a OP auxilia na avaliação das práticas alimentares de crianças dessa faixa etária. Os resultados foram agrupados nos seguintes temas: “A entrada em campo”; “O diário de campo: antes, durante e após as observações”; “A observação das práticas alimentares das crianças”; e “A observação que ultrapassa as práticas alimentares das crianças”. Verificou-se in loco quais os alimentos preparados, oferecidos e consumidos pela criança, quem preparava, horários e locais das refeições, aspectos de higiene, interações mãe-criança, cuidados dispensados às crianças, situação social e redes de suporte das famílias. A OP revelou aspectos para além da alimentação como ato biológico e ampliou o entendimento sobre a situação da criança frente ao problema de saúde.

Palavras-chave: Lactente. Transtornos da nutrição do lactente. Desnutrição. Observação.
ITINERÁRIO TERAPÊUTICO DE UM SUJEITO COM DIABETES MELLITUS: TRILHANDO POSSIBILIDADES NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Coqueiro Jandesson Mendes , Rohr Roseane Vargas , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich , Figueiredo Túlio Alberto Martins de
Published: May 2020

O diabetes mellitus é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo mundo devido principalmente a complicações e altos índices de morbimortalidade, em especial na idade adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o itinerário terapêutico de um sujeito com diabetes mellitus e a sua experiência com a enfermidade. A abordagem foi qualitativa e o cenário um território de saúde do município de Serra, Espírito Santo. Os instrumentos de produção de material foram entrevista narrativa, observação e diário de campo, tendo sido a entrevista realizada na residência do sujeito. A partir do material transcrito e das anotações do diário de campo, buscou-se dar sentido à construção da narrativa do sujeito, uma mulher com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus estabelecido há dez anos, baixa escolaridade e pertencente à camada social menos favorecida. A partir de sua trajetória de cuidado com a saúde, destacaram-se os limites – fragmentação do cuidado, condição socioeconômica, dentre outros – e possibilidades – apoio familiar, por exemplo –, desse sujeito, bem como a produção de sentido na experiência do adoecimento de longa duração. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que a constituição do itinerário terapêutico ainda é marcada por problemas que dificultam o bom gerenciamento do diabetes mellitus, mas a escuta dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde pode constituir faceta importante para valorização dos diversos sujeitos implicados na produção de saúde e diminuição das fragilidades na produção de cuidado em saúde.

Palavras-chave: Diabetes mellitus. Acesso aos serviços de saúde. Atenção primária à saúde.
INCIDÊNCIA DE INTERNAÇÕES HOSPITALARES POR INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA
Authors: Lisboa Yuri Messias , Silva Kennedy Ferreira da , Costa Maria Sandra de Jesus , Souza Thiago de , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Cruz Simone Seixas da
Published: May 2020

Este artigo objetiva estimar a incidência de internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em residentes do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus (BA), entre os anos de 2008 e 2015. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), processados e sintetizados na forma de gráficos utilizando os programas TabWin456e e Microsoft Office Excel 2007. A incidência de internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca foi analisada de acordo com ano, sexo e faixa etária.  Foram observadas 1.633 internações por IC no período estudado. Houve um crescimento na incidência de internações, e o ano de 2015 foi o de maior número. No que remete às variáveis faixa etária e sexo, indivíduos com idade superior a 50 anos e homens apresentaram maior incidência do evento. A IC apresentou-se como de maior ocorrência entre as internações hospitalares quando referente a doenças do aparelho circulatório. O alto número de internações por IC observado no município durante o período estudado, além da incidência crescente, reforçam a necessidade de novos estudos a fim de se conhecer o perfil das pessoas internadas e a construção de políticas públicas de combate à IC.

Palavras-chave: Insuficiência cardíaca. Incidência. Epidemiologia. Internações hospitalares.
RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: PERCEPÇÕES E SENTIDOS PARA RESIDENTES GRADUADOS EM ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: Carneiro Joana Danielle Brandão , Oliveira Arlete Maria Gomes , Zanin Luciane , Flório Flávia Martão , Frazão Paulo
Published: May 2020

Objetivou-se desvelar os sentidos que graduados em odontologia participantes de programas de residência multiprofissional em saúde da família (RMSF) atribuem a esta modalidade de formação. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com residentes de oito programas de diferentes regiões do país e as narrativas sobre o significado da RMSF para sua formação foram examinadas com base na análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. A maioria dos entrevistados declarou-se do sexo feminino (29/37) e tinha entre 20 e 30 anos de idade (33/37). A interpretação do material resultou em quatro categorias: formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); Estratégia Saúde da Família; colaboração interprofissional; integralidade da atenção, subcategorizada em humanização do cuidado e rede de atenção. Indicaram-se evidências empíricas de que esses programas são muito relevantes para complementar a formação dos profissionais de odontologia que pretendem atuar no SUS.

Palavras-chave: Formação de recursos humanos. Odontologia em saúde pública. Sistema Único de Saúde.
Fluoride Levels in Drinking Water and Assessment of Water Quality in Terms of Teeth Health in a Significant Watershed in Thrace Region: Ergene River Basin
Authors: Tokatlı Cem , Güner Şirin
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out to determine the fluoride levels in drinking water
of Ergene River Basin, which is known as the life blood of Thrace Region and
one of the most contaminated river basins in Turkey. Drinking water
samples were collected from 30 stations including residential areas located in
the Ergene River Basin in dry (summer) season of 2018. Fluoride levels of water
samples were determined by using a spectrophotometer and Cluster Analysis (CA)
was applied to detected fluoride data in order to classify the investigated
residential areas according to fluoride contents. Geographic Information System
(GIS) was also used in order to make a visual explanation by presenting
distribution map of fluoride accumulations and also the detected data were evaluated
in terms of teeth health of local people, who constantly drinks this water. According
to detected data, the fluoride accumulations in drinking water of Ergene River
Basin were determined between 0.246 ppm (Velimeşe Village) – 1.460 ppm (Bayramlı
Village). According to the results of CA, 3 statistically significant clusters
were formed as “High Fluoride Cluster”, “Optimum Fluoride Cluster” and “Low Fluoride
Cluster”.
Gökkuşağı Alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Ovaryum Sıvısının Sperm Motilite Parametreleri ve Döllenme Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Yamaner Güneş
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, Gökkuşağı alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm aktivasyonunda aktivasyon solüsyonu olarak kuluçkahane suyuna ilaveten ovaryum sıvısının kullanılmasının motilite (%) ve eğrisel hız (VCl, µm/saniye) üzerindeki etkisi ve ovaryum sıvısı uzaklaştırılmış yumurta örneklerinde döllenme yüzdesi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada üreme döneminde 3+ yaş grubuna ait üç adet dişi ve altı adet erkek balık kullanılmıştır. Her bir dişe bireye ait yumurta örneklerinde, analizi yapılan sperm örnekleri ile hem ovaryum sıvısı muhafaza edilerek hem de uzaklaştırılarak dölleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sperm örneklerine ait motilite (%) değerlerinde kuluçka suyu kullanılarak aktive edilmiş örnekler ile ovaryum sıvısı kullanılarak elde edilmiş örnekler arasındaki sonuçlar istatiksel olarak farklı bulunmuşken (p<0.05); motiliteye ait kinematik parametreler arasındaki fark önemsiz bulunmuştur (p˃0.05). Dölleme grupları arasında ise döllenme yüzdesinde herhangi bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Erzurum İli Merkez İlçelerinin Su Ürünleri Tüketim Davranışları Üzerine Araştırmalar
Authors: Karakulak Yaşar , Arslan Gökhan , Yanık Telat
Published: May 2020

Su ürünleri zengin mineral, protein ve yağ içeriklerinden dolayı insan beslenmesinde önerilen gıdalar arasında yer almaktadır. Bazı su ürünleri, yüksek yağ içeriklerinden dolayı depolamaktan ziyade taze olarak tüketilmektedirler. Hem tedarik edilmesi hem yeme alışkanlıkları hem de muhafazasında görülen güçlükler maalesef ülkemizde bu ürünlerin yeterince tüketilememesine sebep olmaktadır. Mevcut araştırma, Erzurum ili merkez ilçelerinde, tüketim seviyesinin tespit edilmesi, alınması gereken muhtemel teşvik edici önlemlerin belirlenmesi, su ürünleri tüketim miktarları ve şekillerini tespit etmek amacıyla, yüz yüze görüşme anket tekniği kullanılarak 30 Nisan-30 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, katılımcılara su ürünleri tüketim miktarları ve alışkanlıkları ile ilgili çeşitli sorular yöneltilerek, katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile tüketim alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir Çalışmada; ''Ana kitle oranlarına dayalı kümelendirilmemiş tek aşamalı basit tesadüfî olasılık örneklemesi'' yöntemi kullanılarak, %38’ini bayanların oluşturduğu toplam 677 kişi ile yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Anket çalışmasına katılan tüketicilerin %45,8’ini genç yaş grubunun oluşturduğu, %92,8'sinin balık tüketmemiz gerektiğini düşündüğü, %64,4'ünün Erzurum'da balık fiyatlarını pahalı bulduğu, %46,7'sinin balık satın alırken taze olup olmadığına dikkat ettiği, %55,1'inin en fazla hamsi balığını tükettiği, %54,7'sinin ise aylık balık tüketim ortalamasının 0-3 kg olduğu anket çalışması sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır.
Características do perfil e dos negócios dos microempreendedores individuais no município de Campos Novos–SC
Authors: Freitas Márcia Marcondes Diniz de , Gadler Diego , Telles Amanda
Published: May 2020

O aumento no número de microempreendedores individuais na economia brasileira, bem como o seu desempenho e a atenção destinada à legislação tributária no Brasil têm tornado a figura do MEI mais representativa no cenário empresarial. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as características do perfil e dos negócios dos microempreendedores individuais do município de Campos Novos–SC. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa e da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A amostra possui caráter intencional e os dados são de fontes secundárias, com base em informações do Portal do Empreendedor e da Receita Federal do Brasil. Os resultados apontam o perfil do microempreendedor individual: em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, com atividades voltadas à alvenaria. Evidenciam-se, ademais, um crescimento no número de MEI no município e uma homogeneidade na receita bruta declarada, com exceção do ano de 2018. Os microempreendedores têm grande relevância no âmbito regional, com evolução da taxa de adesão de trabalhadores informais ao programa e nível de adimplência considerável.