bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversing the “Risk‐Treatment Paradox” of Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Risk‐Concordant Use of Bleeding Avoidance Strategies Is Associated With Reduced Bleeding and Lower Costs
Authors: Amin Amit P. , Miller Samantha , Rahn Brandon , Caruso Mary , Pierce Andrew , Sorensen Katrine , Kurz Howard , Zajarias Alan , Bach Richard , Singh Jasvindar , Lasala John M. , Kulkarni Hemant , Crimmins‐Reda Patricia
Published: October 2018

Background

Bleeding is a common, morbid, and costly complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. While bleeding avoidance strategies (
BAS
) are effective, they are used paradoxically less in patients at high risk of bleeding. Whether a patient‐centered approach to specifically increase the risk‐concordant use of
BAS
and, thus, reverse the risk‐treatment paradox is associated with reduced bleeding and costs is unknown.

Methods and Results

We implemented an intervention to reverse the bleeding risk‐treatment paradox at Barnes‐Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, and examined: (1) the temporal trends in
BAS
use and (2) the association of risk‐concordant
BAS
use with bleeding and hospital costs of percutaneous coronary intervention. Among 3519 percutaneous coronary interventions, there was a significantly increasing trend (
P
=0.002) in risk‐concordant use of
BAS
. The bleeding incidence was 2% in the risk‐concordant group versus 9% in the risk‐discordant group (absolute risk difference, 7%; number needed to treat, 14). Risk‐concordant
BAS
use was associated with a 67% (95% confidence interval, 52–78%;
P
<0.001) reduction in the risk of bleeding and a $4738 (95% confidence interval, 3353–6122;
P
<0.001) reduction in per‐patient percutaneous coronary intervention hospitalization costs (21.6% cost‐savings).

Conclusions

In this study, patient‐centered care directly aimed to make treatment‐related decisions based on predicted risk of bleeding, led to more risk‐concordant use of
BAS
and reversal of the risk‐treatment paradox. This, in turn, was associated with a reduction in bleeding and hospitalization costs. Larger multicentered studies are needed to corroborate these results. As clinical medicine moves toward personalization, both patients and hospitals can benefit from a simple practice change that encourages objectivity and mitigates variability in care.
“Savage Beasts,” “Great Companions”: The First Dogs to Winter on the Antarctic Continent
Authors: Patterson Diana , Simmonds Janette G. , Snell Tristan L.
Published: October 2018

By investigating the nature of the social interactions between “sledge dogs” and explorers in the first land-based exploration in Antarctica, this research contributes to an animal-human perspective in Antarctic historical studies. Consideration of the interspecies interactions provide further insight into attitudes to nonhuman animal welfare, including towards wildlife, at the turn of the twentieth century. The companionship of favored animals appeared to have alleviated some of the stresses of isolation and confinement in the inhospitable Antarctic environment.
Animal Studies: Let’s Talk About Animal Welfare and Liberation Issues in Childhood
Authors: Ankomah William Sarfo
Published: October 2018

This article examined reasons why information pertaining to nonhuman animal welfare and liberation should be introduced during childhood. Studies indicate that animal-welfare activists’ and abolitionists’ efforts to date may be insufficient given the pervasive environmental destruction and ongoing animal suffering. Moreover, research reveals that education related to animal welfare and liberation is systematically excluded from children’s education, and they thus remain unaware of the sources and associated health hazards of meat they consume. Conversely, children’s knowledge about animal welfare increases when exposed to literature on the topic, which enables them to make informed choices regarding meat consumption. This paper draws on animal-welfare and liberation literature to argue that augmenting children’s knowledge about animal welfare and liberation can foster children’s understanding, language, philosophy, and ability to make informed choices about their relationship with animals and the environment in general.
Le processus constituant tunisien : quels enseignements pour les pays de la région ?
Authors: Mekki Nidhal
Published: October 2018

Le processus qui a mené à l’adoption de la nouvelle constitution tunisienne fait figure de modèle à suivre dans la région arabe. La Tunisie a opté pour une assemblée élue de manière démocratique pour élaborer la constitution. Outre son caractère représentatif des différentes sensibilités politiques, cette assemblée a suivi un processus inclusif, ouvert et transparent. Au-delà même du texte de la constitution, c’est le processus suivi qui importe, car il a permis d’associer directement les citoyens et la société civile à cette tâche et occasionné un débat public sur les plus importants choix de société. Le processus constituant tunisien a été une leçon collective de droit constitutionnel et, malgré ses nombreuses lacunes, il a permis d’aboutir à un nouveau contrat social et politique dont la genèse pourrait inspirer de nombreux pays arabes qui seront appelés, tôt ou tard, à s’engager sur la voie de la transition démocratique.
The Financial Management of Donations, Foundations and Endowments in the Greek Communities in Vienna (1800–1918)
Authors: Soursos Nathalie Patricia
Published: October 2018

The two Greek Orthodox communities in Vienna, St George and Holy Trinity, administered several foundations and endowments from the 18thcentury onwards. This paper aims to reconstruct the communities’ role as administrators for those foundations whose capital was invested in immovable property. The focus lies on threeStiftungshäuserand on nine mortgage-backed buildings located in today’s first and second district of Vienna. The history of these buildings – from the purchase to the benefactors’ death, and from the establishment of the foundations to the buildings’ sale – will be reconstructed by taking into account Vienna’s urban development and housing situation in the 19th-century. Furthermore, the benefactors’ identities as homeowners and their relationship to the buildings and their residents will be examined.
Rum Millet between Vakıfs and Property Rights: Endowments’ Trials of the Ecumenical Patriarchate’s Mixed Council in the Late Ottoman Empire (19th–20th c.)
Authors: Stamatopoulos (Thessaloniki) Dimitris
Published: October 2018

The Tanzimat Reforms had a decisive influence on the Ecumenical Patriarchate’s internal structure by institutionalizing lay participation in its administration and thus also in the judicial mechanisms involved mainly with the control of the private life of the Orthodox Christian flock. This article examines the issue of wills since, unlike marriage or divorce, these were under the exclusive domain of the Mixed Council, the new body established under the patriarchate after 1860. The different approaches to the content of the wills in the passage from the 19th to the 20th century do not merely reflect the Ecumenical Patriarchate’s clash with the Sublime Porte over the Privileges Question and the conflict between interest groups within the Patriarchate. These divergences are directly related to two emerging institutional forms which the empire was being forced to confront for the first time: personal property as an organizing principle of the private space and the legal entity as the organizing principle of the public space.
Three new species of Tomocerus from tropical zone of China (Collembola, Tomoceridae)
Authors: YU DAOYUAN , YANG XIAODONG , LIU MANQIANG
Published: October 2018

Tomocerids are world-widely distributed, but were seldom reported from tropics. In the present paper, three new species of Tomocerus Nicolet are described from Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, tropical zone of China. All three species have compound-type dental spines and belong to Tomocerus ocreatus species-group. Tomocerus tropicus sp. nov. resembles Tomocerus pseudocreatus Yu, but differs from the latter in mesothoracic macrochaetotaxy, manubrial dorsal scales and denticles on the dental spines. Tomocerus nan sp. nov. resembles Tomocerus virgatus Yu, but differs from the latter in colour pattern, cephalic dorsal macrochaetotaxy, manubrial dorsal scales and denticles on the dental spines. Tomocerus nabanensis sp. nov. resembles T. postantennalis Yu, Zhang & Deharveng, Tomocerus dong Yu & Li and Tomocerus deharvengi Yu & Li, but differs from the three species in PAO, cephalic and tergal dorsal macrochaetotaxy and tenent hairs. Our studies including the present work indicate the importance of future survey on Tomocerinae in and near tropics where diversity of this group was historically underestimated.
A review of the genus Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae) in tropical Africa
Authors: HARAN JULIEN
Published: October 2018

The genus Smicronyx Schoenherr (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Smicronychini) contains several species considered as potential biocontrol agents of parasitic and hemi-parasitic plants of crops (Striga spp. (Orobanchaceae) and Cuscuta spp. (Convolvulaceae)). However, the diversity of species occurring in Africa has not been explored in detail. This study reviews the species of Smicronyx occurring in continental tropical Africa. In total, 16 species are recorded for this region: 6 species previously described (S. bisignatus Hoffmann, S. gossypii Marshall, S. guineanus Voss, S. kiboanus Voss, S. pauperculus Wollaston and S. remaudierei Hoffmann), 2 newly recorded for the area (S. albosquamosus Wollaston, S. syriacus Faust), and 8 species are described as new (S. adjamati sp. n., S. crassithorax sp. n., S. kenyanus sp. n., S. namibicus sp. n., S. rufus sp. n., S. buchnerae sp. n., S. zambianus sp. n., S. zonatus sp. n.). A key to the species and photographs of the habitus and male genitalia are provided.
How Can Existing Ground-Based Profiling Instruments Improve European Weather Forecasts?
Authors: Illingworth A. J. , Cimini D. , Haefele A. , Haeffelin M. , Hervo M. , Kotthaus S. , Löhnert U. , Martinet P. , Mattis I. , O’Connor E. J. , Potthast R.
Published: October 2018

To realize the promise of improved predictions of hazardous weather such as flash floods, wind storms, fog, and poor air quality from high-resolution mesoscale models, the forecast models must be initialized with an accurate representation of the current state of the atmosphere, but the lowest few kilometers are hardly accessible by satellite, especially in dynamically active conditions. We report on recent European developments in the exploitation of existing ground-based profiling instruments so that they are networked and able to send data in real time to forecast centers. The three classes of instruments are i) automatic lidars and ceilometers providing backscatter profiles of clouds, aerosols, dust, fog, and volcanic ash, the last two being especially important for air traffic control; ii) Doppler wind lidars deriving profiles of wind, turbulence, wind shear, wind gusts, and low-level jets; and iii) microwave radiometers estimating profiles of temperature and humidity in nearly all weather conditions. The project includes collaboration from 22 European countries and 15 European national weather services, which involves the implementation of common operating procedures, instrument calibrations, data formats, and retrieval algorithms. Currently, data from 265 ceilometers in 19 countries are being distributed in near–real time to national weather forecast centers; this should soon rise to many hundreds. One wind lidar is currently delivering real time data rising to 5 by the end of 2019, and the plan is to incorporate radiometers in 2020. Initial data assimilation tests indicate a positive impact of the new data.
A Comparison of Outcomes After Lower Extremity Bypass and Repeat Endovascular Intervention Following Failed Previous Endovascular Intervention for Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Shannon Alexander H. , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Cullen J. Michael , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Robinson William P.
Published: October 2018

The optimal approach for repeat revascularization after failed endovascular intervention for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is unclear. This study compared major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) between lower extremity bypass (LEB) and repeat endovascular intervention (REI) in patients with prior failed ipsilateral endovascular intervention. American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database identified patients undergoing LEB and endovascular intervention for CLI from 2011 to 2014. We compared REI to LEB with single-segment saphenous vein (LEB-SV) and LEB alternative conduit (LEB-alt). Primary outcomes were 30-day MALE and MACE. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of MALE and MACE. A total of 1567 revascularizations were performed after failed ipsilateral endovascular intervention (REI: 683 [43.5%], LEB-SV: 570 [36.4%], LEB-alt: 314 [20.0%]). There were 994 and 573 suprageniculate and infrageniculate revascularizations, respectively. Major adverse cardiac events were significantly lower after REI compared to LEB (REI: 15 [2.2%], LEB-SV: 33 [5.8%], LEB-alt: 21 [6.7%], P < .001). Major adverse limb event were not different between groups ( P = .99). In patients with CLI presenting after failed endovascular intervention, REI is associated with lower MACE without an increased risk of MALE compared to LEB. When the anatomy is amenable, REI should be considered a less morbid first option.
Difficult-to-treat depression: A clinical and research roadmap for when remission is elusive
Authors: Rush Augustus John , Aaronson Scott T , Demyttenaere Koen
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

The report considers the pros and cons of the most commonly used conceptual model that forms the basis for most clinical practice guidelines for depression. This model promotes the attainment of sustained symptom remission as the treatment goal based on its well-established prognostic and functional importance. Sustained remission is very unlikely, however, after multiple treatment attempts. Our current model propels many clinicians to continue to change or add treatments despite little chance for remission or full functional restoration and despite the increasing risk of more adverse events from polypharmacy. An alternative ‘difficult-to-treat depression’ model is presented and considered. It accepts that the treatment aims for some depressed patients may shift to optimal symptom control rather than remission. When difficult-to-treat depression is suspected, the many treatable causes of persistent depression must be assessed and addressed (given the importance of remission when attainable) before difficult-to-treat depression can be ascribed. The clinical and research implications of the difficult-to-treat depression model are discussed.

Conclusion:

Suspected difficult-to-treat depression provides a practical basis for considering when to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. Once difficult-to-treat depression is confirmed, treatment may better focus on optimal disease management (symptom control and functional improvement).
Oral Dexamethasone to Control Wheezing in Children at an Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Volk Angela S. , Marton Stephanie A. , Richardson Brittany S. , Rauda Luis , Schwarzwald Heidi L. , Naik Neel M.
Published: October 2018

Asthma, a chronic childhood disease, has resulted in increased emergency department (ED) visits with high costs. Many asthma ED visits are nonemergent and could be treated in outpatient clinics. Literature has concluded that a 2-day course of oral dexamethasone has comparable outcomes to a 5-day course of prednisone in the ED and hospital setting. A retrospective chart review was performed on children requiring in-house treatment with a corticosteroid (dexamethasone n = 23, prednisone n = 40) for acute asthma exacerbations at an ambulatory medical home. The rates of hospital admissions, ED visits, and symptom follow-up were similar between the 2 groups ( P > .05). The cost for a course of dexamethasone was US$1.28 versus US$16.20 for prednisolone. The average cost for an asthma exacerbation office visit was US$79.89 compared with US$3113.28 for an ED visit. A 2-day course of oral dexamethasone appears to be a promising clinical and cost-effective treatment for acute asthma exacerbations at the primary care level.
Dopamine-modified nanographite as reinforcing filler for epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Song Jun , Dai Zhendong , Nan Feng , Li Jingyu , Zhao Haichao , Wang Liping
Published: October 2018

A biomimetic dopamine chemistry was employed to enhance the dispersibility of nanographite in epoxy resin. The as-prepared polydopamine (PDA)-coated nanographite were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Epoxy/nanographite nanocomposites were prepared by curing reaction of epoxy E44, Jeffamine D-230 and polydopamine-coated nanographite. Nanocomposites with different nanographite loadings (0.5%, 1%, 2%) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tribological and thermal conductivity test. Results of thermal analysis showed that nanographite somewhat enhanced the thermal stability in comparison with the pure epoxy resin. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the as-prepared nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal, mechanical and wear-resistant performance, which was attributed to the complementary role of mechanical and thermal conductivity of nanographite.
Macro Modelling at the NIESR: Its Recent History
Authors: Hall S.G. , Henry S.G.B.
Published: October 2018

This paper charts the evolution of mainly empirical research at the NIESR over the 1970s and 80s. As was all too evident there were very large discrete technical improvements in data handling and manipulation over this period. Less well appreciated were the effects on the economy of major supply-side shocks coming from the World economy leading to ‘Stagflation’ and, interconnected but somewhat later, in the UK, marked changes in macro policy regime. This latter was strongly influenced by the seminal papers of Lucas (1976) and Sims (1980); both highly critical of the then current practices in macroeconomics, though each having very different intellectual stances. The response in the NIESR was to engage at an early stage in these innovations; applying the mantra that an informed criticism was more efficient than an uninformed one. During this period it became a leader in the econometrics of applied macro modelling under different expectations assumptions, including the rational expectations hypothesis (REH). Throughout, it remained critical of the anti-empirical drift encouraged in the Lucas Critique, criticism borne out more recently by the financial instability of the 1990s and the crisis that followed.
Some Recent Developments in Labour Economics
Authors: Dolton Peter J.
Published: October 2018

This article takes a short personal ‘helicopter ride’ over the main policy issues in the UK labour market, putting them into the context of the developments which have taken place in applied econometrics. We overview NIESR's role in the study of labour economics in postwar Britain and review some recent advances of importance in the current Institute research agenda.
Obtaining the thermal resistance of air enclosed at the interface of multilayer fabrics by simulation
Authors: Shen Hua , Tu Lexi , Yan Xiaofei , Sukigara Sachiko
Published: October 2018

An air layer enclosed at the interface was largely responsible for the insulation results of multilayer fabrics obtained from experiments. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element method model, in which the air layer enclosed at the interface of multilayer fabrics was ignored, was developed to calculate the fabric thermal resistance, and the result obtained from the fabric model was independent of the air. A Thermolab II Tester KES-F7 was also used to measure the thermal resistance of fabrics, and the experimental results were influenced by the air layer. By comparing the simulation and experimental result, the air layer thermal resistance was determined, and then an estimating equation, which can be used to estimate the fabric and air layer thermal resistance for multilayer fabrics, was proposed. The results suggested that the surface roughness of fabrics was strongly related to the air layer thermal resistance, with a linear relationship between them. Moreover, for multiple layers stacked by different fabrics, the air layer thermal resistance at the interface was mainly decided by the fabric with the rougher surface. An estimating equation was also developed to predict the thermal resistance of multilayer fabrics and good correlation between predicted and experimental values was observed.
Security beyond the men: Women and their everyday security apparatus in Mathare, Nairobi
Authors: Jones Peris , Kimari Wangui
Published: October 2018

Security issues imbricate a wide range of fears and agendas in cities of the global North and South. Everyday life experiences in informal settlements reflect, however, not only residents’ urgent need for enhanced security but that the state is unable (and often unwilling) to provide it. Because approaches are dominated overwhelmingly by a focus on young men, our article foregrounds the unseen yet important aspect of security provision: the everyday security apparatus that is constituted by women. The principle argument is that women in Mathare, one of Nairobi’s oldest informal settlements, provide security through a variety of practices that highlight the taken for granted and invisibilised emotional, reproductive and socio-economic gendered labours of women. Informed by an ethnographic study, this article contextualises this women-led security provision, which is overwhelmingly invisible since it does not include the most taken for granted security functions, for example patrolling formations, equipment and the threat of violence. We begin by detailing the major security challenges as expressed by women in Mathare, before discussing the range of actions they engage in to enhance safety for all and the major constraints to doing so. Leading from immediate security challenges, our research identifies the everyday security efforts women engage in for community protection, and demonstrates the inter-related social-spatial issues constraining woman’s efforts for safety, which policy security interventions should take into consideration. We suggest that perhaps it is prevailing notions of ‘security’ that are too narrow, which, as a result, fail to see women’s contributions.
The geopolitics of South–South infrastructure development: Chinese-financed energy projects in the global South
Authors: Mohan Giles , Tan-Mullins May
Published: October 2018

Debates around infrastructure tend to focus on the global North, yet in the global South demand for infrastructure is huge and we see new and emergent actors engaged in finance and construction; China being pre-eminent among them. China’s interests in the global South have grown apace over the past decade, especially in terms of accessing resources and securing infrastructure deals. The role of Chinese banks and State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in financing and building the projects reveals a blurring between geopolitical and commercial interests and processes. The article situates China’s entry into the global South as part of a geopolitics that is simultaneously geoeconomic and interrogates these issues through case studies of Chinese-backed projects in Ghana and Cambodia. These projects are spatially and politically complex, with China adopting a range of financing models – often including an element of resource swaps – in which bank finance is critical and marks the Chinese as different from Western financiers. These international deals are secured at the political elite level and so bypass established forms of national governance and accountability in the recipient countries, while the turnkey construction projects remain locally enclaved. The cases also show that wider developmental benefits are limited, with ‘ordinary’ citizens – especially those in the rural areas – gaining relatively little from these major energy projects and the benefits accruing to urban-based elites.
Neoextractivism and Class Formation: Lessons from the Orinoco Mining Arc Project in Venezuela
Authors: Angosto-Ferrández Luis Fernando
Published: October 2018

The Arco Minero del Orinoco (Orinoco Mining Arc—AMO) project, launched in 2016, demonstrates that Bolivarian governments have been unsuccessful in overcoming extractivism and rentier capitalism as structuring foundations of the Venezuelan state and its politics, but it simultaneously confirms that these governments remain supported by a bloc made up of heterogeneous class fractions primarily amalgamated around a demand for socioeconomic development. Mining extractivism is the focus of a rapid readjustment of regional and national class formation. The implementation of the Orinoco Mining Arc project could reactivate government-led redistribution in the short-to-medium term, reversing the deterioration of living conditions of the popular classes and potentially reactivating participation of some of their members in small and medium-sized economic ventures. However, given the political conditions under which the project was launched, the main immediate beneficiaries (to different degrees) are capital holders, corporatist groups within the state apparatus, and sectors of the indigenous population directly involved in extractivism.

El proyecto Arco Minero del Orinoco (Orinoco Mining Arc—AMO), lanzado en 2016, demuestra que los gobiernos bolivarianos han fracasado en superar el extractivismo y el capitalismo rentista como fundamentos estructurales del Estado venezolano y su política, pero simultáneamente confirma que estos gobiernos permanecen apoyado por un bloque formado por fracciones de clase heterogéneas principalmente aglutinadas en torno a una demanda de desarrollo socioeconómico. El extractivismo minero es el foco de un rápido reajuste de la formación de clases regionales y nacionales. La implementación del proyecto Orinoco Mining Arc podría reactivar la redistribución liderada por el gobierno en el corto a mediano plazo, revirtiendo el deterioro de las condiciones de vida de las clases populares y potencialmente reactivando la participación de algunos de sus miembros en pequeñas y medianas empresas económicas. Sin embargo, dadas las condiciones políticas bajo las cuales se lanzó el proyecto, los principales beneficiarios inmediatos (en diferentes grados) son los titulares de capital, los grupos corporatistas dentro del aparato estatal y los sectores de la población indígena directamente involucrados en el extractivismo.
Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold: The PT Administrations from Compromise to the Coup
Authors: Antunes Ricardo , Santana Marco Aurelio , Praun Luci
Published: October 2018

The period in which the Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores—PT) was in power in Brazil was characterized by limits and contradictions with regard to policies on employment, unions, and the fight against poverty. An analysis of the factors that contributed to the end of the 14-year cycle of consecutive presidential terms highlights the combined impacts of the international economic crisis, a deepening political crisis with charges of corruption, the destabilization of the party’s political alliances, and mass discontent intensified by fiscal adjustment measures that further penalized the already stressed working class. The PT once in power did not motivate resistance, advances in social and union struggles, or social movements, and when it finally attempted to reach out to other social movements it was too late. With the coup represented by the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016, Brazil entered once again into what Florestan Fernandes has called “preventive counterrevolution.”

O período durante o qual o PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores) esteve no poder no Brasil caracterizou-se pelos limites e contradições das políticas públicas referentes a emprego, sindicatos e à luta contra a pobreza. Uma análise dos fatores que contribuíram para o fim do ciclo de 14 anos de sucessivas presidências petistas assinala o impacto conjunto da crise econômica internacional, o aprofundamento da crise política com base em acusações de corrupção, a desestabilização das alianças políticas do partido e o descontentamento exa-cerbado pelo ajuste fiscal que penalizou ainda mais a já combalida classe trabalhadora. Uma vez no poder, o PT não encorajou a resistência, ou os avanços nas lutas sindical e social. Quando finalmente tentou ligar-se a outros movimentos sociais já era tarde demais. Com o golpe representado pelo impeachment de Dilma Rousseff em 2016, o Brasil novamente ingressou no que Florestan Fernandes denominou “contra-revolução preventiva.”
Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008–2010: Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Bernhard-Oettel Claudia , Leineweber Constanze , Westerlund Hugo
Published: October 2018

Labour market segmentation theories suggest that permanent and temporary workers are exposed to economic risks to different degrees, and differ in their working life quality and well-being. However, few studies have tested these ideas during times of economic crisis. Also, little is known about how the self-employed compare to permanent and temporary workers and are affected by economic downturns. This study investigated Swedish workers in different labour market segments before and after the financial crisis (2008 and 2010). More specifically, it looked at job characteristics and strain differences between permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Data ( N = 6335) came from SLOSH, a longitudinal representative cohort study of the Swedish workforce. Contradicting segmentation theories, differences between permanent and temporary workers were small. The self-employed stood out with favourable job characteristics, but comparable strain levels. During the crisis, work demands and strain declined for many of the workers studied here.
Job insecurity, employability and satisfaction among temporary and permanent employees in post-crisis Europe
Authors: De Cuyper Nele , Piccoli Beatrice , Fontinha Rita , De Witte Hans
Published: October 2018

Earlier studies established that perceived job insecurity is more strongly related to the experiences of permanent employees, and conversely that perceived employability is more strongly related to the experiences of temporary employees. This article challenges these results against the background of the 2008/2009 crisis using samples from the 2010 European Social Survey with employees from Continental and Mediterranean Europe. First, the authors argue that job insecurity has become a structural phenomenon that associates with temporary and permanent employees’ satisfaction in the same fashion, which found overall support. Second, they argue that employability may have become important for all employees, regardless of contract type, which was largely supported. A cause for concern is that the relationship between perceived job insecurity and satisfaction was comparatively stronger than the relationship between perceived employability and satisfaction. This may suggest that employees have not yet fully embraced ideas about employability as the new form of security.
Employment contract, job insecurity and employees’ affective well-being: The role of self- and collective efficacy
Authors: Sora Beatriz , Höge Thomas , Caballer Amparo , Peiró José M
Published: October 2018

A large amount of research has focused on job insecurity, but without obtaining consistent results. Some authors have pointed that this variability might be due to the operationalization of job insecurity. Different types of job insecurity can provoke different employee reactions. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of job insecurity, understood as temporary employment (objective job insecurity) and personal perception (subjective job insecurity), on affective well-being. In addition, the moderator roles of job self-efficacy and collective efficacy are examined in the relationship between job insecurity and employees’ affective well-being. This study was carried out with 1435 employees from 138 Spanish and Austrian organizations. The results showed a different effect of job insecurity depending on its conceptualization. Only subjective job insecurity was negatively related to affective well-being. Moreover, both self- and collective efficacy moderated the subjective job insecurity–outcomes relation, ameliorating employees’ well-being levels when they perceived job insecurity.
A reflection on South Korea’s broadband success
Authors: Curran Nathaniel Ming
Published: October 2018

Drawing on the extant literature on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Korea, this essay identifies and discusses three factors that have contributed to Korea’s broadband achievements. The first factor is the Korean state’s long-term objectives, including policy principles. The second is regulatory decisions, including late privatization. The third factor is unique attributes of Korea, including population density and the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis. The essay also discusses Korea’s ICT successes alongside its ‘English Fever’.
Storage, seasonality, and women’s labor in northern Illinois: Using archaeological pollen analysis to investigate protohistory
Authors: McLeester Madeleine
Published: October 2018

This article introduces new data to explorations of protohistoric lifeways and expands understandings of storage, seasonal practices, and women’s labor. Pollen analysis was conducted on sediment samples from the 1979 excavation of the late precontact Oak Forest site (11CK53) in Cook County, IL, near Chicago. The data demonstrate the springtime collection of firewood and the use of grass to line storage features. These data also capture protohistoric women’s labor, since, according to historical records, women prepared storage pits and collected firewood. Tacking between protohistory and history, findings demonstrate probable continuity in seasonal practices that requires a rethinking and refining of how we categorize change during the transition to the colonial era. Overall, this work reintroduces the effectiveness of pollen analysis to address long-standing questions in Midwestern archaeology.
Age-related presentation of acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Votano Daniela , Ashoub Ahmed , Modi Amit , Miskolczi Szabolcs , Velissaris Theodore , Barlow Clifford , Ohri Sunil , Tsang Geoffrey , Livesey Steven , Göbölös Laszlo
Published: October 2018

Background

We evaluated the clinical and anatomic presentations of acute type A aortic dissection according to patient age.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 235 consecutive patients who underwent acute type A dissection repair between January 2000 and December 2014. The influence of age on anatomical and clinical presentation, surgical management in the entire cohort and also after exclusion of patients with known connective tissue disorders was assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Males presented with type A acute aortic dissection at a younger age than females. Acute onset with signs of myocardial ischemia, connective tissue disorders, or bicuspid aortic valve characterized the younger population. Extension to the coronary sinus(es) ( p = 0.0003), descending thoracic aorta ( p = 0.016), and abdominal aorta ( p = 0.029), and an intimal tear at the level of the aortic root ( p = 0.0017) correlated inversely with patient age. Similar findings were obtained after exclusion of patients with connective tissue disorders or a bicuspid aortic valve.

Conclusions

More frequent proximal and distal progression of the dissection flap occurs in younger patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Older age is associated with a lower probability of an intimal tear at the level of the sinus of Valsalva. These findings, associated with prognostic implications, account for the choice of more radical proximal procedures for repair of aortic dissection in younger patients.
Computer-assisted detection of acute pulmonary embolism at CT pulmonary angiography in children and young adults: a diagnostic performance analysis
Authors: Tang Chun Xiang , Zhou Chang Sheng , Schoepf Uwe Joseph , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Duguay Taylor , Cline Anna , Zhao Yan E , Lu Li , Li Xie , Tao Shu Min , Lu Meng Jie , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang
Published: October 2018

Background

To diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE) in children and adults since evaluating tiny pulmonary vasculature beyond segmental level is a challenging and demanding task with thousands of images.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of computer-assisted detection (CAD) on acute PE on CTPA in children and young adults by readers with varying experience levels.

Material and Methods

Six radiologists were retrospectively divided into three groups according to experience levels and assessed the CTPA studies on a per-emboli basis. All readers identified independently the PE presence, and ranked diagnostic confidence on a 5-point scale with and without CAD. Reading time, sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for each reading.

Results

The sensitivities and NPVs differed significantly in most readers ( P = 0.004, 0.001, 0.010, 0.010, and 0.012 for sensitivities and P = 0.011, 0.003, 0.016, 0.017, and 0.019 for NPVs) except for reader 6 ( P = 0.148 and 0.165, respectively), and the accuracies of all readers differed significantly (all P < 0.05) in peripheral PE (beyond segmental level) detection readings with CAD versus without CAD between two reading methods. The overall time using CAD was longer than those without CAD (76.6 ± 54.4 s vs. 49.4 ± 17.7 s, P = 0.000) for all readers. Significant differences were found for confidence scores in inter-group measurements with CAD ( P = 0.045) and without CAD ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

At the expense of longer reading time, the use of the CAD algorithms improves sensitivities, NPVs, and the accuracies of readers in peripheral PE detection, especially for readers with a poor level of interpretation experience.
Effect of aortic arch type on technical indicators in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting
Authors: Shen Songhe , Jiang Xiongjing , Dong Hui , Peng Meng , Wang Zhixue , Che Wuqiang , Zou Yubao , Yang Yuejin
Published: October 2018

Objective

This study was performed to explore the effect of the aortic arch type on technical indicators in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Methods

The data of 224 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral CAS from January 2011 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The requirement for placement of the guiding catheter into the common carotid artery with assistance of an angiographic catheter, fluoroscopy time, contrast agent dose, and adverse events were recorded.

Results

The fluoroscopy time was significantly longer and the contrast agent dose was significantly higher in patients with Type III than Type I and II arches. Significantly more patients with Type III than Type I and II arches required placement of the guiding catheter with assistance of an angiographic catheter (46.2% vs. 15.0%, respectively). The procedural success rate was significantly lower in patients with Type III than Type I and II arches (96.2% vs. 100.0%, respectively). The incidence of death, myocardial infarction, and all types of stroke was significantly higher in patients with Type III than Type I and II arches (7.7% vs. 1.7%, respectively).

Conclusions

The aortic arch type is an important influential factor in CAS. Type III arches are associated with more difficulties and complications.
A network-constrained spatial identification of high-risk roads for hit-parked-vehicle collisions in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Siqin , Fu Xuanming , Xie Bin
Published: October 2018

The severe loss of human life and material damage caused by traffic accidents is a growing concern faced by many countries across the world. In Australia, despite a decline in the total number of traffic collisions since 2001, the number of hit-parked-vehicle (HPV) collisions as a special type of road accident has increased over time. Utilizing the road collisions and roadway network data in Brisbane, Australia over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, we generated graphics illustrating the spatial patterning of high-risk road segments for HPV crashes identified using the local indicator of network-constrained clusters (LINCS) approach. These spatial patterns vary by days of the week and times of the day. Roads with high risk for HPV collision tend to occur in high-density road networks and cluster around road intersections. The methodology applied in this work is applicable to other network-constrained point-pattern analysis.
The Accuracy of Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tai Qiang , Yi Huimin , Wei Xuxia , Xie Wenfeng , Zeng Ou , Zheng Donghua , Sun Jiaqi , Wang Ganping , Wang Siqi , Liu Genglong
Published: October 2018

Background:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) are recent promising markers for identification of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). The aim of this study was systematically and quantitatively to evaluate the accuracy of urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 for the diagnosis of CSA-AKI.

Methods:

Three databases including PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to March 2018. Two investigators conducted the processes of literature search study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation independently. Meta-DiSc and STATA were used for all statistical analyses.

Results:

A total of 8 studies comprising 552 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.71-0.86, I 2 = 74.2%) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.80, I 2 = 80.8%), respectively. Pooled positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR, and diagnostic odds ratio were 3.49 (95% CI, 2.44-5.00, I 2 = 61.5%), 0.31(95% CI, 0.19-0.51, I 2 = 51.8%), and 14.89 (95% CI, 7.31-30.32, I 2 = 27.9%), respectively. The area under curve estimated by summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.868 (standard error [SE] 0.032) with a Q* value of 0.799 (SE 0.032). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that one study notably affected the stability of pooled results. One of the subgroups investigated—AKI threshold—could account for partial heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 is a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis of CSA-AKI. And, the potential of this biomarker with a broader spectrum of clinical settings may be the focus of future studies.
Winning the War for Talent: Modern Motivational Methods for Attracting and Retaining Employees
Authors: Thibault Landry Anaïs , Schweyer Allan , Whillans Ashley
Published: October 2018

Given the struggle that many organizations face hiring and retaining talent in today’s tight labor market, it is critical to understand how to effectively reward employees. To address this question, we review relevant evidence that explains the importance of workplace rewards and recognition. Based on a review and synthesis of the current literature, we make the case that organizations should move beyond salary and traditional cash rewards to place greater emphasis on nonpecuniary, tangible and intangible rewards and recognition initiatives. We further highlight the importance of aligning rewards with universal psychological needs. Finally, we discuss the need to conduct more research to understand when and for whom cash and noncash rewards increase intrinsic motivation, organizational commitment and optimal functioning in order to improve the design and implementation of existing reward programs.
Particle swarm algorithm-based damage-mitigating control law analysis and synthesis for liquid-propellant rocket engine
Authors: Cheng Yuqiang , Wu Jianjun
Published: October 2018

The damage-mitigating control is a novel technique to ameliorate the reliability and safety of liquid-propellant rocket engines by achieving an optimized trade-off level between overall dynamic performance of the liquid-propellant rocket engine and structural durability of some selected critical damageable components under the condition of no impact on the achievement of the launch and flight mission. Thus, it is needed to be solved for the damage-mitigating control that the global optimization of the best trade-off between the damage of the critical damageable components and the performance of rocket engine. The major challenge should focus on: (i) to construct model of a certain rocket engine system dynamics, critical components structural dynamics, and damage dynamics; (ii) to optimize open loop feed-forward control law based on liquid-propellant rocket engine system dynamic model, structural and damage dynamics model, by using particle swarm optimization algorithm; (iii) to synthesize an intelligent damage-mitigating control system using the optimized open loop control law. In this paper, synthesis procedure of damage mitigation is introduced; structure and damage dynamic model of damageable components are formulated. The results of the simulation computation show that the synthesized control laws are implemented and achieve the effect of damage mitigating for the liquid-propellant rocket engine. It can provide important theoretical and practical value not only for improving the safety and reliability of the liquid-propellant rocket engine, but also for the complex thermo-flow-mechanical systems such as airplane engines, automobile engines, and fossil-fueled power plant because their service life is very critical too.