bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PENDIDIKAN KONSERVASI MANGROVE BERBASIS ECOLOGICAL CITIZENSHIP UNTUK MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI SERANG - BANTEN
Authors: Rosyid Novi Utami
Published: September 2020

The Serang - Banten coastal community was affected by various environmental, social and economicproblems due to abrasion. The main factor causing abrasion was the degradation of mangroveecosystems in the Serang Coastal region which results from various activities of the Serang coastalcommunity that are not environmentally friendly. Environmental education is the best solution tosolve environmental problems. One method that can be practiced in the environmental education ofthe Coastal Serang community is the ecological citizenship method. This method requires learningresources to facilitate its application in effectively educating the public through learning modules.The aim of this research is to develop an ecological citizenship-based mangrove conservationmodule for coastal communities in Serang - Banten. The research method was the 3D modeldevelopment method (define, design, develop) which was a modification of the 4D model bySugiyono, et.al (2015). The results of the study are in the form of an ecological citizenship mangroveconservation module that can be used by ministries, institutions and the community as a source ofenvironmental education learning for mangrove conservation in the coastal area of Serang - Banten.
Pengaruh Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Alam Perairan Terhadap Kemiskinan Pada Masyarakat Nelayan
Authors: Feryl Ilyasa  , Zid Muhammad , Miarsyah Mieke
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article is to find out how the influence of exploitation of aquatic natural resourceson the poverty of fishing communities. The method in this article used a descriptive research design forusing a literature study approach. Based on the type of research and the type of data source used, the datacollection technique in this study is used the secondary data. The results in this study can be seen in twoaspects, are: (1) the ease of foreign investments that can be exploit for the natural resources of fisheries inIndonesia; (2) the influence of exploitation of the natural resources of the waters carried out on poverty inthe fisihing community. Exploitation of aquatic natural resources in Indonesia is due to the ease with whichforeign parties can be invest in Indonesia in the field of fisheries, and then this ease of investment fromforeign parties results in the intervention of foreign parties who can to control the natural waters resourcesin Indonesia, both in the form a legal entitiy or in the form of an individual, it can be also for drain thenatural waters resources, especially fisheries in Indonesia, and which can to be affect the walfare of fishingcommunities.
PERAN PLH (PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP) SMA N 3 KLATEN ERA NEW NORMAL : BERTANAM DARI SEKOLAH MENUJU RUMAH
Authors: Vina NUR HIDAYAH  , Sufah Baedowi Fella
Published: September 2020

Adiwiyata school SMAN 3 Klaten applies Environmental Education to its students which is for better habits towards the environment in a sustainable manner. This cannot be realized in schools because of the emergence COVID-19. This study aims to determine the effect of Environmental Education on SMAN 3 Klaten students in New Normal era. The method used in this study uses a qualitative method with sampling techniques of data collection that is a random sample via Google Form on the students SMAN 3 Klaten. The result of this research is that SMAN 3 Klaten has implemented Environmental Education in New Normal era by learning from home, for example cultivating ornamental fish, cultivating medicinal plants and others. Environmental Education Students SMAN 3 Klaten while learning from the new normal era get innovations in the implementation of PLH not only in schools, students can plant at their house in New Normal era.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Uin Walisongo Terhadap Program Diet Plastik Sebagai Upaya Penyelamatn Ekosistem Laut
Authors: Jahra Shoimatul , Norjannah Mukrromah , Fauzan Hidayatullah Ahmad
Published: September 2020

The results show that Indonesia is in the second position as the largest country in the world that contributes waste to the sea. This plastic waste is one of the biggest polluters in the sea which can be a serious threat to marine ecosystems. One of the right treatments is the plastic bag diet. This certainly raises various perceptions among the community as an effort to save the environment. This study aims to determine the perceptions of UIN Walisongo Semarang students on the plastic diet program as an effort to save marine ecosystems. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method, with a data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the research that has been done, the 193 samples obtained indicate that the perception of UIN Walisongo students towards the plastic diet as an effort to save marine ecosystems is very positive and supports this movement. This is evidenced by the knowledge of students about the use of plastics and its dangers, the impact of plastic on marine ecosystems and about the plastic diet program.
Análisis de la estructura organizacional del consultorio Innovadental a partir de la matriz DOFA
Authors: Ibarguen-Mosquera Yarlen Yesid , Rueda-Sánchez Luz Karime , Garcia-Caicedo Adrian Marcel
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del cuadrante de vulnerabilidad del consultorio odontológico Innovadental, luego de realizar un análisis de la estructura organizacional del consultorio a partir de la matriz DOFA. Se utilizaron los cuadrantes del diagrama de vulnerabilidad y el trazo de puntales para determinar el grado en el que se encuentra la organización. Este método es un instrumento de planificación estratégica usado en el estudio con el fin de explorar el entorno, con la identificación de factores internos y externos previstos para la búsqueda de una planificación y la determinación de acciones de mejora que ayuden al crecimiento y al fortalecimiento de la empresa, identificando debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas, así como reconocer el estado actual de la organización. Esta información es un insumo para establecer estrategias a corto y largo plazo que permitan ganar oportunidades en el mercado de servicios a la empresa, de manera que se tiene en cuenta el grado de vulnerabilidad como información clave para identificar los peligros que se evidencian con la aparición de nuevas empresas con características similares, tecnología avanzada y legalmente autorizadas.
AI-Based Decline-Curve Analysis Manages Reservoir Performance
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 197142, “Artificial-Intelligence-Based, Automated Decline-Curve Analysis for Reservoir Performance Management: A Giant Sandstone Reservoir Case Study,” by Amir Kianinejad, Rami Kansao, and Agustin Maqui, Quantum Reservoir Impact, et al., prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Decline-curve analysis (DCA) is one of the more widely used forms of data analysis that evaluates well behavior and forecasts future well and field production and reserves. In the complete paper, the authors develop and deploy technologies that apply DCA methods to wells in an unbiased, systematic, intelligent, and automated fashion. This method contrasts with manual DCA, the common practice of the industry.

Introduction

DCA is used commonly to estimate reservoir and well productivity and ultimate recovery and evaluate reserves. Such analyses are usually performed manually through a curve-fitting process by reservoir and production engineers using their best judgement and experience. Subjectivity is often a large component of such estimations, as are the experience and objectives of the evaluator.

The authors provide an alternative by developing and leveraging an augmented artificial-intelligence (AI), data-driven approach. Geological and engineering features are considered as well as operational conditions to bring domain knowledge into the analysis, resulting in more-accurate and -reliable predictions. In addition, the method is ex tended to conduct DCA probabilistically using quantile regression techniques.
Technology Focus: Field Development (September 2020)
Authors: Capello Maria A.
Published: September 2020

Field developers have shifted the usual approach to planning and operations to a “dare to try” approach, experimenting, piloting, and directly implementing from the start a digital transformation of their activities. Under the mandate of decarbonization and safe operations embraced by many international, national, and service oil companies, there is no turning back on an accelerated journey of field-development projects that are moving toward automatic production optimization and predictive maintenance loops.

Real and tangible results are available, proving that shifting the focus on operations to a digital approach, using digital twins, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) truly benefits operators in three main aspects: safety, monetization of investment, and low carbon. Operators who do not engage in this wave most probably will lose competitive advantage soon.

Swift innovation in field development was accelerated by the commanding need to reduce operating costs because of low oil prices during the last 2 years and by the imperative urgency of enabling remote and distance-conscious working during the current pandemic. The developments in engineering and digital technology are being integrated to launch solutions never envisioned before, such as wind farms offshore to provide more electricity where it is needed without affecting the environment and North Sea developments modeled on digital twins with little or no staffing. Collaboration among a variety of companies, big and small, is also a preferred approach, leading the way toward the sure digital future in oil and gas.

What I consider extremely relevant is the speed with which these improvements are taking place. The selection of articles in this section illustrates three main facets of this vertiginous speed: offshore developments modeled on digital twins that include decarbonization and digitalization implementations that take only months (literally), AI percolating the modeling strategies and consultancy services for large oil and gas operators, and the remarkable innovation of producing electricity with floating wind farms in offshore fields.

We live in an exciting transformation era, in which “dare to try” is needed, and we need to learn from any mistakes quickly to shape better field developments that take care of the environment, reduce costs, and increase safety. A failure to dare now will penalize operators who did not grip the imminent change.
Macronutrient, immunoglobulin A and total antioxidant capacity profiles of human milk: cross-sectional surveys at ages 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.
Authors: Ongprasert Krongporn , Ruangsuriya Jetsada , Malasao Rungnapa , Sapbamrer Ratana , Suppansan Pikul , Ayood Pisittawoot , Kittisakmontri Kulnipa , Siviroj Penprapa
Published: September 2020

Background: An extended duration of breastfeeding of up to two years is encouraged by many health authorities, but information regarding the composition of milk after one year postpartum is limited. The goal of this study was to determine the associations of macronutrient contents, immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in human milk (HM) with the month of lactation from 1 to 24 months postpartum.Methods: Milk samples were collected from mothers with healthy full-term children who had been lactating from 1 to 24 months from January 2019 to April 2019. The HM was biochemically analyzed for protein and carbohydrate contents by colorimetric assays. The fat content was determined by capillary centrifugation, and the energy content was calculated from the results of centrifugation assays. IgA levels and the TAC were determined by ELISA and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to determine associations between milk composition and the month of lactation, and multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association between the covariates and milk composition. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results: One hundred eighty-four milk samples were analyzed. The month of lactation was positively associated with the fat concentration (B = 0.31, SE = 0.09, p = 0.001), energy content (B = 3.11, SE = 0.92, p = 0.001), and IgA (B = 4.17, SE = 1.08, p < 0.001) but negatively associated with the carbohydrate concentration (B = -0.22, SE = 0.01, p = 0.04). No association was observed between the month of lactation and the protein concentration and TAC after adjustment for maternal age, maternal BMI, birth order, and breastfeeding frequency.Conclusions: The month of lactation was found to be positively associated with the fat, energy, and IgA in HM for up to two years postpartum and slightly but significantly negatively associated with carbohydrate concentration. More prospective cohort studies are needed to obtain evidence-based knowledge regarding the changes in HM composition throughout the course of lactation.
Quality of Life and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phyo Aung Zaw Zaw , Freak-Poli Rosanne , Craig Heather , Gasevic Danijela , Stocks Nigel , Gonzalez-Chica David A. , Ryan Joanne
Published: September 2020

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using three bibliographic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were studies that assessed QoL using standardized tools and examined mortality risk in a non-patient population. Qualitative data synthesis and meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed. Results: Of 4,184 articles identified, 47 were eligible for inclusion, involving approximately 1,200,000 participants. Studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of QoL measures, population characteristics and data analysis. In total, 43 studies (91.5%) reported that better QoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The results of four meta-analyses indicated that higher health-related QoL (HRQoL) is associated with lower mortality risk, which was consistent for overall HRQoL (HR 0.633, 95% CI: 0.514 to 0.780), physical function (HR 0.987, 95% CI: 0.982 to 0.992), physical component score (OR 0.950, 95% CI: 0.935 to 0.965), and mental component score (OR 0.980, 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.992). Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that better QoL/HRQoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The utility of these measures in predicting mortality risk indicates that they should be considered further as potential screening tools in general clinical practice, beyond the traditional objective measures such as body mass index and the results of laboratory tests.
Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal complementary scavenger and immune features of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages
Authors: Bhandari Sabin , Li Ruomei , Simón-Santamaría Jaione , McCourt Peter , Johansen Steinar Daae , Smedsrød Bård , Martinez-Zubiaurre Inigo , Sørensen Karen Kristine
Published: September 2020

Background: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs; liver resident macrophages) form the body´s most effective scavenger cell system for the removal of harmful blood-borne substances, ranging from modified self-proteins to pathogens and xenobiotics. Controversies in the literature regarding the LSEC phenotype pose a challenge when determining distinct functionalities of KCs and LSECs. This may be due to overlapping functions of the two cells, insufficient purification and/or identification of the cells, rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs in vitro, or species differences. We therefore characterized and quantitatively compared expressed gene products of freshly isolated, highly pure LSECs (fenestrated SE-1/FcgRIIb2+) and KCs (CD11b/c+) from Sprague Dawley, Crl:CD(SD), male rats using high throughput mRNA-sequencing and label-free proteomics.Results: We observed a robust correlation between the proteomes and transcriptomes of the two cell types. Integrative analysis of the global molecular profile demonstrated the immunological aspects of LSECs. The constitutive expression of several immune genes and corresponding proteins of LSECs bore some resemblance with the expression in macrophages. LSECs and KCs both expressed high levels of scavenger receptors (SR) and C-type lectins. Equivalent expression of SR-A1 (Msr1), mannose receptor (Mrc1), SR-B1 (Scarb1), and SR-B3 (Scarb2) suggested functional similarity between the two cell types, while functional distinction between the cells was evidenced by LSEC-specific expression of the SRs stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2), and the C-type lectins LSECtin (Clec4g) and DC-SIGNR (Clec4m). Many immune regulatory factors were differentially expressed in LSECs and KCs, with one cell predominantly expressing a specific cytokine/chemokine and the other cell the cognate receptor, illustrating the complex cytokine milieu of the sinusoids. Both cells expressed genes and proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Conclusions: Our findings support complementary and partly overlapping scavenging and immune functions of LSECs and KCs. This highlights the importance of including LSECs in studies of liver immunity, and liver clearance and toxicity of large molecule drugs and nano-formulations.
Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Murarkar Sujata Kapil , Gothankar Jayashree Sachin , Doke Prakash , Pore Prasad , Lalwani Sanjay , Dhumale Girish , Quraishi Sanjay , Patil Reshma Sudhir , Waghachavare Vivek , Dhobale Randhir , Rasote Kirti , Palkar Sonali , Malshe Nandini
Published: September 2020

Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusions Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration- Registration number of the trial- CTRI/2017/12/010881; date of registration-14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.
Impact of immediate postpartum insertion of TCu380A on the quantity and duration of lochia discharges in Tanzania
Authors: Muganyizi Projestine Selestine , Kimario Grasiana Festus , Rwegoshora France John , Paul Patrick Ponsian , Makins Anita
Published: September 2020

Background The insertion of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUD) for the purpose of contraception immediately after delivery is becoming popular in countries where the use of IUD for contraception has been extremely low. Since 2015, Tanzania implemented the initiative by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) to institutionalize PPIUD. As a result of capacity building and information delivery under the initiative, there have been increased uptake of the method. Working in this context, the focus of the study was to generate evidence on the effect of TCu380A IUD on amount and duration of lochia and equip service providers with evidence-based knowledge which can help them in counselling their PPIUD clients. Objective Establish impact of postpartum TCu380A on amount and duration of lochia.Methods A prospective cohort study of delivered women in two teaching hospitals in Tanzania with immediate insertion of TCu380A or without use of postpartum contraception in 2018. TCu380A models; Optima (Injeflex Co. Brazil) and Pregna (Pregna International, Chakan, India) were used. Follow-up was done by weekly calls and examination at 6th week. Lochia was estimated by Likert Scale 0-4 relative to the amount of lochia on the delivery day. An estimated 250 women sample (125 each group) would give 80% power to detect a desired 20% difference in the proportion of women with prolonged lochia discharges among the Exposed and Unexposed groups. Data analysis was by SPSS. Results 275 women were analysed, 142 Exposed and 133 Unexposed. Medical complaints were reported by 41 (28.9%) Exposed and 37 Unexposed (27.8%), p=0.655. Lack of dryness by end of 6th week was to 32 (22.5%) Exposed and 8 (6.0%) Unexposed, p<0.001. Exposed had higher weekly mean lochia scores throughout with varience most marked in week 5 (F=3.818, p<0.001) and week 6 (F=2.949, p=0.004). Conclusion PPIUD is associated with increased amount of lochia and slows progression to dryness within 6 weeks of delivery. The implications of PPIUD clients’ need to be informed about the possibility of delayed dryness of lochia at the time of counseling are discussed.
Impact of health literacy and self-care behaviors on health-related quality of life in Iranians with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gaffari-fam Saber , Lotfi Yosef , Daemi Amin , Babazadeh Towhid , Sarbazi Ehsan , Abbasabad Ghader Darghahi , Abri Hamed
Published: September 2020

Background Regarding the importance of health literacy as a key factor in self-care, appropriate understanding of health information by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is fundamental for better management of risk factors, which can also benefit their quality of life. This study aimed to describe the relationship between health literacy (HL), and self-care behaviors with health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with T2DM.Methods A cross-sectional survey was done in Iran in 2019. Patients were recruited randomly from health centers by medical records (n= 192, 55.2% male, mean age 58.12 years). The data collection included demographic form, health literacy questionnaire, diabetes self-care behavior questionnaire, and world health organization’s Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Analyses were adjusted for confounders using hierarchical regression analysis.ResultsHL as predictor variables explained 47.5% of variance in overall HRQL (p-value< 0.001), reading health information was the strongest HL dimension (β= 0.478). Self-care behaviors explained an additional 13.6% of the HRQL variance. In total, 65.5% of the variation in the HRQL is explained by the HL, self-care behavior, and the demographic variables.Conclusions We found that more almost two-third of the HRQL explained by the HL and self-care behaviors. Given the importance of health literacy and self-care behaviors in the quality of life in patients with T2DM, adoption of health-promoting behaviors and increasing health literacy can be beneficial for promoting quality of life among these patients.
Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: zhang shaoshan , Liu Qiong , Lyu Chengcheng , chen Jinsong , xiao Renfeng , chen Jingtian , Yang Yunshu , zhang Huihui , Hou Kai , Wu Wei
Published: September 2020

Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and one SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.
Characteristics of acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients in Tibet: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Zhuoga Cidan , Jin Haiqiang , Zhu Feiqi , Zhao Yuhua , Ding Zhijie , He Shihua , Du Ailian , Xu Jun , Luo Jingjing , Sun Yongan
Published: September 2020

Background: Numerous studies on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been conducted at low-altitude regions, and the related findings have been used to guide clinical management. However, corresponding studies at high altitude are few. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics of AIS patients at high-altitude regions through a hospital-based comparative study between Tibet and Beijing.Methods: This study included the diagnoses of AIS patients from People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (PHOTAR) and Peking University First Hospital (PUFH) between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017, where data including patient demographics, treatment time, onset season, risk factors, infarction location, laboratory data, image examination results, treatments, and AIS subtype were collected and compared. Continuous and categorical variables were analysed with a two-sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test, respectively. Significant risk factors were examined with binary logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 236 and 1021 inpatients from PHOTAR and PUFH were included, respectively. The PHOTAR patients were younger than the PUFH patients (P<0.001). Young adult stroke, erythrocytosis, and hyperhomocysteinemia were more frequent in PHOTAR patients (all P<0.001). Other vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking and alcohol consumption history, were less prevalent in PHOTAR patients than in PUFH patients. The rate of intravenous thrombolysis and the rate of within intravenous thrombolysis window time were also lower in PHOTAR patients (both P<0.001). The PHOTAR group also tended to have anterior circulation infarction. Erythrocytosis and hyperhomocysteinemia were independent risk factors in PHOTAR, and young adults accounted for a larger proportion of stroke cases.Conclusion: In Tibet, AIS patients were relatively younger, and anterior circulation infarctions were more common. Erythrocytosis and hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to these differences. Here, young adult stroke also accounted for a higher proportion, and this may be associated with erythrocytosis. Our findings present the first hospital-based comparative study in Tibet and may contribute to policies for stroke prevention in this region.
Malaria distribution and performance of malaria diagnostic methods in Malaysia (1980-2019): a systematic review
Authors: Rahim Mohd Amirul Fitri A. , Munajat Mohd Bakhtiar , Id Zulkarnain Md
Published: September 2020

Background: Malaysia has already achieved remarkable accomplishments in reaching zero indigenous human malaria cases in 2018. Prompt malaria diagnosis, surveillance and treatment played a key role in the country’s elimination success. Looking at the dynamics of malaria distribution during the last decades might provide important information regarding the potential challenges of such an elimination strategy. This study was performed to gather all data available in term of prevalence or incidence on Plasmodium infections in Malaysia over the last four decades.Methods: A systematic review of the published English literature was conducted to identify malaria distribution from 1980 to June 2019 in Malaysia. Two investigators independently extracted data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Elsevier databases for original papers.Results: The review identified 46 epidemiological studies in Malaysia over the 39-year study period, on which sufficient information was available. The majority of studies were conducted in Malaysia Borneo (31/46; 67.4%), followed by Peninsular Malaysia (13/46; 28.3%) and in both areas (2/46; 4.3%). More than half of all studies (28/46; 60.9%) were assessed by both microscopy and PCR. Furthermore, there was a clear trend of decreases of all human malaria species with increasing Plasmodium knowlesi incidence rate throughout the year of sampling period. The summary estimates of sensitivity were higher for P. knowlesi than other malaria species for both microscopy and PCR. Nevertheless, the specificities of summary estimates were similar for microscopy (40 – 43%) but varied for PCR (2 – 34%).Conclusions: This study outlined the epidemiological changes in Plasmodium species distribution in Malaysia. Malaria cases shifted from predominantly caused by human malaria to simian malaria, which accounted for the majority of indigenous cases particularly in Malaysia Borneo. Therefore, malaria case notification and prompt malaria diagnosis in regions where health services are limited in Malaysia should be strengthened and reinforced to achieving the final goal of malaria elimination in the country.
Study on pure oxygen exhaust gas combustion: key technology of CO2 capture for high temperature fuel cell with coal syngas
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Lei Qilong , Li Pingping , Liu Changlei , Xue Yunpeng , Zhang Xuewei , Li Chufu , Yang Zhibin
Published: September 2020

IGFC based on high temperature SOFC coupled with CO2 capture process provides a new technology route of high efficiency and nearly zero CO2 emission power system. Flame burning is an ideal method for tail gas treatment. In this paper, an oxy-combustor for a 10kW IGFC system anode exhaust gas is experimentally and numerically studied. Simulation method is verified by experiments. Key performances of the combustor are studied under different system process design conditions. 315K might be an ideal condensation temperature before burning for flame stability. CO could be almost fully converted under flame burning condition.CO2 concentration after burning is over 0.958 when excess O2 is less than 5%. Overall, 5% excess O2 could be recommended for environmental consideration. An optimal tangential angle exists around 25°for liner temperature controlling. Systems with anode cycling might release less CO pollutant in theory for no addition of extra H2O. Total fuel utilization percent had better be high enough to make oxygen flame temperature of anode exhaust gas lower than 1800K to make systems environment friendly. The results would be of great value to IGFC and CO2 capture combined system designing.
Learning curve of trans-sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression in herniated lumbar disc disease
Authors: Son Seong , Yoo Chan Jong , Yoo Byung Rhae , Kim Woo Seok , Jeong Tae Seok
Published: September 2020

Background: Trans-sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression (SELD) using slender epiduroscope and a holmium YAG laser is one of the minimally invasive surgical options for lumbar disc herniation.However, the learning curve of SELD and the effect of surgical proficiency on clinical outcome have not yet been established. We investigated patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing SELD to report the clinical outcome and learning curve.Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical outcome and learning curve were performed at a single center from clinical data collected from November 2015 to November 2018. A total of 82 patients who underwent single-level SELD for lumbar disc herniation with a minimum follow-up of 6.0 months were enrolled. Based on the findings that the cut-off of familiarity was 20 cases according to the cumulative study of operation time, patients were allocated to two groups: early group (n = 20) and late group (n = 62). The surgical, clinical, and radiological outcomes were retrospectively evaluated between the two groups to analyze the learning curve of SELD.Results: According to linear and log regression analyses, the operation time was obtained by the formula: operation time = 58.825 - (0.181 × [case number]) (p < 0.001). The mean operation time was significantly different between the two groups (mean 56.95 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49.12–64.78 in the early group versus mean 45.34 minutes; 95% CI, 42.45–48.22 in the late group; p = 0.008, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test).Baseline characteristics, including demographic data, clinical factors, and findings of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, did not differ between the two groups. Also, there was no significant difference in terms of surgical outcomes, including complication and failure rates, as well as clinical and radiological outcomes between the two groups.Conclusion: The learning curve of SELD was not as steep as that of other minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques, and the experience of surgery was not an influencing factor for outcome variation.
Semi-embedded Valve Anastomosis: A new anti-reflux anastomotic method after proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Wang Baohua , Wu Yupeng , Wang Haijun , Zhang Haiqiang , Wang Liting , Zhang Zhanxue
Published: September 2020

Background: There is a high probability of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction (AEG). Various anti-reflux anastomotic methods are emerging in clinical practice; however, none of them have been widely accepted. We have innovated a new type of anti-reflux anastomotic method, named semi-embedded valve anastomosis. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and anti-reflux effect of the new anastomotic method.Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with Siewert II AEG who were treated by semi-embedded valve anastomosis were collected. The key point of the operation is to reconstruct a simulated valve and form an anti-reflux barrier similar to the physiological mechanism. The gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) and classification of gastroesophageal reflux under electron microscopy were used to evaluate gastroesophageal reflux after the operation.Results: The mean operative duration was 164.3±19.0 min, the median intraoperative haemorrhage volume was 65 ml, the average number of lymph nodes dissected was 23±2.6, the time for valve construction was 15.8±3.2 min, the time for anastomotic reconstruction was 35.4±4.8 min, the median time to first flatus was 3 d, and the median hospitalization duration was 12 d. There was one case of postoperative anastomotic stenosis. The GerdQ score [median (range)] was as follows: 2 (0-6), preoperation; 0 (0-8), 1 month postoperation; 2 (0-12), 3 months postoperation; and 3 (0-12), 6 months postoperation. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was carried out at different times after the operation and the day before the operation, and the differences were not significant (P<0.05). There was one case of grade B gastroesophageal reflux according to the Los Angeles classification system among the gastrofibroscopic re-examination reports of 28 cases.Conclusion: Semi-embedded valve anastomosis is safe and feasible after proximal gastrectomy for Siewert II AEG and has good anti-reflux effects.
International Travel is Not a Significant Risk of Exposure for Patients at a Midwestern United States Travel Clinic
Authors: Patel Pooja , House Hans
Published: September 2020

The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced into the United States via travel from Asia and Europe, although the extent of the spread of the disease was limited in the early days of the pandemic. Consequently, international travel may have played a role in the transmission of the disease into Iowa. This study seeks to determine how preferences for international travel changed as novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) spread throughout the world and if any of these returning travelers developed COVID-19 as a result of their trips. This is a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to a travel clinic in Bettendorf, Iowa for pre-travel advice and vaccinations. From October 2019 to March 2020, four hundred twelve (n=412) patients presented to the clinic. Intended travel to the Western Pacific region (China, Japan, Korea, etc.) decreased dramatically during the study period. All 412 patients were followed in the electronic medical record for the period after their planned travel and only three (3) presented for COVID-19 testing. Two (2) tested positive, and both of these infections were linked to workplace exposures and not due to travel. News of the growing pandemic and travel warnings likely altered patients’ travel plans and decreased travel to the most affected regions of the world in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our study, travel was not a significant source of COVID-19 exposure for patients seen at this clinic.
Effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adults: An application of Socio-ecological Model
Authors: Bakhtari Fatemeh , Alizadeh Nader , Nadrian Haidar , Augner Christoph , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar
Published: September 2020

Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention based on the social ecological model on the frequency and duration of hookah smoking among a sample of Iranian adults.
Methods
In this study, two comparable cities in Iran were selected to participate in an intervention program based on a social ecological model (SEM). In each city, 133 hookah smokers in coffee houses were selected. Environmental changes in coffee houses such as serving light foods and games were conducted. A virtual group named "no hookah" was established on the Telegram application to train participants in the intervention group. Messages, pictures and short videos were sent to the participants through that virtual network. The frequency and duration of hookah consumption were assessed in both groups at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
The frequency of hookah consumption decreased in 72.6% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 6.3% in the control group); and the duration of hookah consumption per session decreased in 39.5% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 5.5% in the control group).
Conclusions
Using multi-level interventions through a social ecological model can reduce hookah consumption in young people.
Identification of intestinal flora-related key genes and therapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Zhang Huaiyu , Li Faping , Song Zheyu , Li Yezhou , Zhao Tiancheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial tumor and a leading cause of cancer-specific deaths worldwide. Recent research has shown that the alteration of intestinal flora contributes to the development of CRC. However, the molecular mechanism by which intestinal flora influences the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the key genes underlying the effect of intestinal flora on CRC and therapeutic drugs for CRC.Methods: Intestinal flora-related genes were determined using text mining. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC and normal samples were identified with the limma package of the R software. Then, the intersection of the two gene sets was selected for enrichment analyses using the tool Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein interaction network analysis was performed for identifying the key genes using STRING and Cytoscape. The correlation of the key genes with overall survival of CRC patients was analyzed. Finally, the key genes were queried against the Drug-Gene Interaction database to find drug candidates for treating CRC.Results: 518 genes associated with intestinal flora were determined by text mining. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified 48 DEGs associated with intestinal flora, including 25 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs in CRC. The enrichment analyses indicated that the selected genes were mainly involved in cell-cell signaling, immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed with 13 nodes and 35 edges. Moreover, 8 genes in the significant cluster were considered as the key genes and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) correlated positively with the overall survival of CRC patients. Finally, a total of 24 drugs were predicted as possible drugs for CRC treatment using the Drug-Gene Interaction database.Conclusions: These findings of this study may provide new insights into CRC pathogenesis and treatments. The prediction of drug-gene interaction is of great practical significance for exploring new drugs or novel targets for existing drugs.
Pre-HAART CD4+ T-Lymphocytes as Biomarkers of Post-HAART Immune Recovery in HIV-Infected Children with or without TB Co-Infection
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vivek , Bose Eliezer , Nair Usha , Cheng Yuwei , Ghebremichael Musie
Published: September 2020

BackgroundInfection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dramatically increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Several studies have indicated that co-infection with TB increases the risk of HIV progression and death. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of these dual epidemics, with about 2.4 million HIV-infected people living with TB. The main objective of our study was to assess whether the pre-HAART CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and percentages could serve as biomarkers for post-HAART treatment immune-recovery in HIV-positive children with and without TB co-infection. MethodsThe data analyzed in this retrospective study were collected from a cohort of 305 HIV-infected children being treated with HAART. A Lehmann family of ROC curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance of pre- HAART treatment CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage as biomarkers for post-HAART immune recovery. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to compare differences in post-HAART recovery times between patients with and without TB co-infection.ResultsWe found that the diagnostic performance of both pre-HARRT treatment CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage was comparable and achieved accuracies as high as 74%. Furthermore, the predictive capability of pre-HAART CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage were slightly better in TB-negative patients. Our analyses also indicate that TB-negative patients have a shorter recovery time compared to the TB-positive patients. ConclusionsPre-HAART CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage are stronger predictors of immune recovery in TB-negative pediatric patients, suggesting that TB co-infection complicates the treatment of HIV in this cohort. These findings suggest that the detection and treatment of TB is essential for the effectiveness of HAART in HIV-infected pediatric patients.
Imaging of a siRNA molecular probe targeting MDM2 in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xu Peng , Jiao Yuying , Luan Sha , Gao Yue , Zhao Changjiu , Fu Peng
Published: September 2020

Background

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncogene that is important for tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to synthesize a molecular imaging probe, 99mTc-HYNIC-siRNA 1489, which could specifically bind to MDM2. The [99mTc]HYNIC-siRNA 1489 molecular probe provides an effective way to assess MDM2 expression via SPECT.
Method:

Three siRNAs were designed and their inhibitory efficiencies were tested using western blots and qRT-PCR. The selected siRNA was labeled with the radionuclide 99 m-technetium (99mTc) through the chelator HYNIC. The bioactivity and properties of [99mTc]HYNIC-siRNA 1489 were determined before mouse imaging. Imaging and the biodistribution of the probe were used to assess its targeting ability.
Results

SiRNA 1489, which was labeled with 99mTc, displayed a strong inhibitory effect in MCF-7 cell lines. The radiochemical purity of [99mTc]HYNIC-siRNA 1489 was stable at different temperatures in PBS and bovine serum. The T/M ratio of mice injected with [99mTc]HYNIC-siRNA 1489 was higher than that of those injected with the negative control, [99mTc]HYNIC-NC siRNA. The percentage injected dose per g (%ID/g) of the tumors injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-siRNA 1489 was greater than that of the control group.
Conclusions

The [99mTc]HYNIC-siRNA 1489 was taken up by the tumor, which had a high level of MDM2. The probe exhibited a sufficient retention time in the tumor. It might afford an effective strategy for evaluating MDM2 expression and achieving earlier diagnosis in breast cancer.
VGR: Virtual Graphene
Authors: Azim Mohammad Zeynali
Published: September 2020

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a single layer of atoms in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice in which one atom forms each vertex. This paper introduce new concept namely virtual graphene. For constructing this type of graphene, we use division graph by two concepts. VGR is not belonging to any chemical structures, but it able to generate the graphene structure.