bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic cystostomy and biliary sphincterotomy for choledochoceles: A pediatric case series
Authors: Saad Michelle , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam , Lin Tom K. , Towbin Alexander J. , Trout Andrew T. , Bernieh Anas , Tiao Greg , Vitale David S.
Published: August 2024

Management of choledochoceles (type III choledochal cysts) in children varies. We highlight the potential role of endoscopic management of choledochoceles with cystostomy and biliary sphincterotomy through a series of three successfully treated pediatric patients aged 12–13 at our tertiary center. Patients presented with symptoms including abdominal pain and pancreatitis. Choledochoceles were identified by preprocedure imaging on magnetic resonance imaging, with sizes ranging between 7 and 15 mm in maximal diameter. Histology revealed two choledochoceles lined by biliary epithelium and one by intestinal epithelium. Clinical improvement was sustained at a 2‐year follow‐up, with radiographic resolution on repeat imaging and normal tumor markers. We conclude that endoscopic management of choledochoceles with cystostomy and biliary sphincterotomy is a therapeutic option in children and can lead to sustained resolution of associated symptoms. While there is some lifetime risk of malignancy with choledochal cysts, malignancy in choledochoceles is rare.
Recordings of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Sensory Nerve Action Potentials in a Rat Model
Authors: Jaleel Zaroug , Aboueisha Mohamed A , Adcock Kelson , Cvancara David J. , Martinez Vicente , Kinney Greg , Perkel David J. , Bhatt Neel K.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) function is critical to laryngeal sensation. Sensory dysfunction in the larynx, mediated through the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (iSLN), is thought to occur with aging and neurodegenerative disease. However, objective analysis of iSLN neurophysiology is difficult due to its anatomic location and small diameter. This study measures sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) from the iSLN in a rat model.

Methods

SNAP data were obtained from two adult rat strains (Sprague–Dawley, SD and Fischer 344 × Brown Norway F1 Hybrid rats, FBN). Evoked responses were obtained by stimulating the main trunk of the SLN and recording the response using a 160‐μm cuff electrode placed around the iSLN. SNAP were averaged from 10 stimulations. Laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) threshold measurements were obtained with stimulation of the iSLN and direct laryngoscopy. The sections of the iSLN were obtained for histologic analysis.

Results

SLN‐evoked responses were successfully obtained in 18 hemi‐laryngeal preparations (SD n = 13 and FBN n = 5) with corresponding LAR threshold measurements. Mean(±SD) SNAP latency, total duration, amplitude, negative durations, and intensity were 2.28 ms (±0.56), 2.13 ms (±0.70), 879 μV (±535), and 0.69 mA (±0.25), respectively. SLN stimulation threshold to elicit an LAR was of 0.84 mA (±0.31).

Conclusion

It is feasible to record evoked SLN responses in two adult rat strains. This work may lead to a tractable animal model for objective measurements of SLN neurophysiology with various disease states.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:5028–5033, 2024
Percutaneous Tracheostomy Via Grigg's Technique in Children: Does Age and Size Matter?
Authors: Sozduyar Sumeyye , Ergun Ergun , Khalilova Pari , Gollu Gulnur , Ates Ufuk , Can Ozlem S. , Kendirli Tanil , Yagmurlu Aydin , Cakmak Murat , Kologlu Meltem
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Percutaneous tracheostomy is rarely performed in children, especially in infants. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the complications and outcomes of PT via the Griggs technique according to the age and size of pediatric patients.

Methods

This study included 110 PICU patients who underwent PT using the Griggs technique between 2012 and 2020. The patients were divided into six groups according to their age, demographic data, primary disease, mean duration of intubation before PT, mean duration of PICU and hospitalization after PT, complications, and decannulation outcomes were compared between these groups.

Results

The mean age and mean weight of the patients were 43.6 ± 58.9 months (1 month–207 months) and 14.6 ± 14.9 kg (2.6–65 kg), respectively. Mean intubation times before the procedures were 64.6 ± 40 days and 38.6 ± 37.9. Thirty‐seven (33.6%) infants were under 6 months of age(Group 1). There were no intraoperative complications. Tracheostomy site stenosis was significantly greater in Group 1 than in the other age groups (p = 0.032). Granuloma formation and dermatitis incidence were similar in all age groups.

Conclusion

PT is a safe and feasible procedure even in small infants. The accidental decannulation risk is lower than standard tracheostomy. Interacting with rigid bronchoscopy guidance is essential to perform a safer procedure. The first tracheostomy change after PT in small infants under 6 months of age, the possibility of tracheostomy site (stoma) stenosis should be considered.

Level of Evidence

Level III Laryngoscope, 2024
Long‐range transport of littoral methane explains the metalimnetic methane peak in a large lake
Authors: Khatun Santona , Berg Jasmine S. , Jézéquel Didier , Moiron Marthe , Escoffier Nicolas , Schubert Carsten J , Bouffard Damien , Perga Marie‐Elodie
Published: August 2024

In large and stratified lakes, substantial methane stocks are often observed within the metalimnion. The origin of the methane (CH4) accumulated in the metalimnion during stratification, which can sustain significant emissions during convective mixing, is still widely debated. While commonly attributed to the transport of methane produced anaerobically ex situ, recent evidence suggests that oxic in situ methane production could also contribute to metalimnetic methane peaks. Here, we assessed the origin, that is, pelagic CH4 production or transport of sublittoral CH4 through the interflow, of metalimnetic methane in Lake Geneva, the largest lake in Western Europe. Microbial diversity data do not support the hypothesis of oxic methane production in the metalimnion. In contrast, both spatial and temporal surveys of methane show that maxima occur at depths and sites most affected by the Rhône River inflow. Methane δ13C values point to an anaerobic sublittoral methane source, within a biogeochemical hotspot close to the river delta region, and an efficient transport across several kilometers in a vertically well‐constrained metalimnion. Our current findings emphasize the indirect role of river interflows for the long‐range transport of CH4 produced in sediment biogeochemical hotspots, even for large lakes where sublittoral habitats represent a fairly limited fraction of the lake volume.
Aerenchyma in emergent plants and rhizospheric microbial communities promote methane fluxes in wetlands
Authors: Guo Shaozhuang , Zhang Songhe , Lv Xin , Chen Hezhou , Chen Jie , Gao Junfeng , Zhang Wenming
Published: August 2024

Wetlands are the largest natural source of CH4 globally, yet our understanding of how environmental parameters and microorganisms affect the production and emission of CH4 in emergent plant–sediment systems remains limited. In this study, CH4 fluxes were investigated in a wetland with Canna indica for 42 d, as well as nutrients and microbial community. It was found that the chimney effect formed by aerenchyma in roots, stems, and leaves of C. indica promoted the emission and oxidation of CH4 in the wetland and reduced the CH4 concentration in sediments. Canna indica reduced the nutrient release from surface sediments into the overlying water. Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential were the main influencing factors for CH4 production and oxidation in the wetland. Canna indica inhibited the diversity of archaeal community but promoted the diversity of bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Stochastic processes had a greater impact on bacterial and archaeal succession trajectories in wetland sediments. Network analysis showed that C. indica promoted interactions among bacteria and archaea that enhanced their ability to resist environmental interference. The well‐developed aerenchyma of C. indica provided an important passage for the transport of CH4 from sediments to the atmosphere and shaped the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere. Meanwhile, CH4 emissions were also constrained by several variables, such as temperature and physiological adaptation in the long term. Thus, it is necessary to plant emergent plants in areas with low CH4 emissions and optimize plant configuration in the context of global warming.
Simultaneous Dynamic Display of Meta‐Hologram and Meta‐Nanoprinting with High Frame Rate
Authors: Xu Ke , Liu Yuncheng , Fan Xuhao , Wang Xinger , Yu Xuan , Teng Zhilin , Zheng Guoxing , Xiong Wei , Gao Hui
Published: August 2024

Dynamic holography can reconstruct realistic and highly interactive 3D scenes, offering a promising way for future display. Emerging metasurface with small pixel size and powerful light modulation capability demonstrates performance superior to traditional spatial light modulators, but dynamic meta‐holography with high information capacity and high frame rate remains a challenge. This paper presents a design scheme combining a preset polarization‐dependent metasurface with a high‐speed projection module to realize smooth dynamic display at multiple polarization states. With the projection module, the system can achieve dynamic meta‐holography at two orthogonal circular polarization states with 237 and 247 different holographic frames respectively, and grayscale meta‐nanoprinting at a linear polarization state with three different patterns. At the same time, the polarization multiplexed dynamic display scheme enables independent displays at three distinct polarization states with an extremely high frame rate (9523 frames per second). This advancement holds promise for applications in dynamic holographic display, optical encryption, virtual reality, and information storage.
LEADERSHIP PERSPECTIVES FROM ENTREPRENEURS IN SOUTH KOREA AND THAILAND
Authors: Ramirez Byron
Published: August 2024

The author is a senior researcher at the Management as a Liberal Art Research Institute. He recounts his recent research as a result of travels through Asia, regarding entrepreneurship and leadership in South Korea and Thailand, where he “had the opportunity to meet entrepreneurs and learn how they manage and lead their organizations.” He and a translator “traveled across large cities, small towns, and the countryside, meeting people who founded different types of organizations. We spoke to 30 entrepreneurs in South Korea and 42 entrepreneurs in Thailand who represented a wide range of missions, from for‐profit organizations to social enterprises.” He notes that “Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism are all important influences in South Korea, and have helped shape Korean identity and culture.” In Thailand, “Thai entrepreneurs told us that they do not see themselves as leaders. However, they described specific characteristics and behaviors they perceive to be associated with leaders and leadership.” Commonalities of characteristics and behaviors for both sets of entrepreneurs were, in his words, Ethical/virtue Moral character/morality; Benevolent/kindness; Compassionate/compassion; Promote welfare of others/authentic regard for people; Seek the greater good/genuine care for society; Mindful/mindfulness.
Transport Properties of Aqueous Methane Solutions and Blocking Behavior of Intelligent‐Responsive Temporary Plugging Agent in a Switchable Nano‐channel: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Zhu Bowen , He Zhongjin , Jiang Guosheng , Ning Fulong
Published: August 2024

Intelligent‐responsive temporary plugging agents (TPAs) have great potential in the field of oil and gas resource extraction due to their self‐adaptability to the environment. However, the transport mechanism of oil and gas molecules, such as aqueous methane solution in intelligent‐responsive TPA‐modified nano‐channels and the blocking behavior of TPA, have not been verified yet. In this work, dissipative particle dynamics simulations (DPD) are conducted to investigate the velocity distribution and the force characteristics of aqueous methane solutions under different driving velocities, as well as the blocking effect of TPA to the flow of solution. Simulation results indicate that aqueous methane solution primarily concentrates in the uncovered area of the TPA and diffuses into the TPA‐covered area when the nano‐channel is closed. The velocity distribution of the flowing solution in the open nano‐channel follows a subparabolic pattern. Methane molecules in the closed nano‐channel show sharp oscillations in velocity and force profiles, which can be mitigated by increasing the methane concentration. The designed TPA effectively blocks fluid flow but its head and tail are vulnerable to the shear forces from the fluid. This study enhances the understanding of the nanoflows in the wellbores during the extraction of oil and natural gas resources.
Frizzled 6 endows high‐grade serous ovarian cancer with stem‐like properties and chemoresistance
Authors: Chen Shaorong , Yang Guang , Shi Qirong , Wan Ningning , Lin Ruyin , Wang Lianhua , Hu Xinxin , Zhuang Xuanxuan , Yu Liying , Sui Ming
Published: August 2024

Stem‐like properties contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. High‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) exhibits a very aggressive phenotype characterized by extensive metastasis, rapid progression, and therapy resistance. Frizzled 6 (FZD6) is overexpressed in HGSOC, and higher levels of FZD6 have been associated with shorter survival times in patients with HGSOC. Functionally, FZD6 promotes HGSOC growth and peritoneal metastasis. It endues HGSOC cells with stem‐like properties by modulating POU5F1, ALDH1, and EPCAM. It can also desensitize HGSOC cells to certain chemical drugs. As a putative ligand for FZD6, WNT7B is also implicated in cell proliferation, stem‐like properties, invasion and migration, and chemoresistance. SMAD7 is a downstream component of FZD6 signaling that is thought to mediate FZD6‐associated phenotypes, at least in part. Therefore, FZD6/WNT7B‐SMAD7 can be considered a tumor‐promoting signaling pathway in HGSOC that may be responsible for tumor growth, peritoneal metastasis, and chemoresistance.
Enhancing prostate cancer segmentation on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging with background information and gland masks
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Rong , Wei Xiaobin , Chen Jie , Jia Shouqiang , Wu Guangyu , Nie Shengdong
Published: August 2024

Background

The landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) segmentation within multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP‐MRI) was fragmented, with a noticeable lack of consensus on incorporating background details, culminating in inconsistent segmentation outputs. Given the complex and heterogeneous nature of PCa, conventional imaging segmentation algorithms frequently fell short, prompting the need for specialized research and refinement.

Purpose

This study sought to dissect and compare various segmentation methods, emphasizing the role of background information and gland masks in achieving superior PCa segmentation. The goal was to systematically refine segmentation networks to ascertain the most efficacious approach.

Methods

A cohort of 232 patients (ages 61–73 years old, prostate‐specific antigen: 3.4–45.6 ng/mL), who had undergone MP‐MRI followed by prostate biopsies, was analyzed. An advanced segmentation model, namely Attention‐Unet, which combines U‐Net with attention gates, was employed for training and validation. The model was further enhanced through a multiscale module and a composite loss function, culminating in the development of Matt‐Unet. Performance metrics included Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and accuracy (ACC).

Results

The Matt‐Unet model, which integrated background information and gland masks, outperformed the baseline U‐Net model using raw images, yielding significant gains (DSC: 0.7215 vs. 0.6592; ACC: 0.8899 vs. 0.8601, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A targeted and practical PCa segmentation method was designed, which could significantly improve PCa segmentation on MP‐MRI by combining background information and gland masks. The Matt‐Unet model showcased promising capabilities for effectively delineating PCa, enhancing the precision of MP‐MRI analysis.
B1‐MRF: Large dynamic range MRF‐based absolute B1+ mapping in the human body at 7T
Authors: Lutz Max , Aigner Christoph Stefan , Flassbeck Sebastian , Krueger Felix , Gatefait Constance G. F. , Kolbitsch Christoph , Silemek Berk , Seifert Frank , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to map the transmit magnetic field () in the human body at 7T using MR fingerprinting (MRF), with a focus on achieving high accuracy and precision across a large dynamic range, particularly at low flip angles (FAs).

Methods

A FLASH‐based MRF sequence (B1‐MRF) with high sensitivity was developed. Phantom and in vivo abdominal imaging were performed at 7T, and the results were compared with established reference methods, including a slow but precise preparation‐based method (PEX), saturated TurboFLASH (satTFL), actual flip angle imaging (AFI) and Bloch‐Siegert shift (BSS).

Results

The MRF signal curve was highly sensitive to , while T1 sensitivity was comparatively low. The phantom experiment showed good agreement of to PEX for a T1 range of 204–1691 ms evaluated at FAs from 0° to 70°. Compared to the references, a dynamic range increase larger than a factor of two was determined experimentally. In vivo liver scans showed a strong correlation between B1‐MRF, satTFL, and RPE‐AFI in a low body mass index (BMI) subject (18.1 kg/m2). However, in larger BMI subjects (≥25.5 kg/m2), inconsistencies were observed in low regions for satTFL and RPE‐AFI, while B1‐MRF still provided consistent results in these regions.

Conclusion

B1‐MRF provides accurate and precise maps over a wide range of FAs, surpassing the capabilities of existing methods in the FA range < 60°. Its enhanced sensitivity at low FAs is advantageous for various applications requiring precise estimates, potentially advancing the frontiers of ultra‐high field (UHF) body imaging at 7T and beyond.
Fast and motion‐robust saturation transfer MRI with inherent B0 correction using rosette trajectories and compressed sensing
Authors: Mahmud Sultan Z. , Singh Munendra , van Zijl Peter , Heo Hye‐Young
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To implement rosette readout trajectories with compressed sensing reconstruction for fast and motion‐robust CEST and magnetization transfer contrast imaging with inherent correction of B0 inhomogeneity.

Methods

A pulse sequence was developed for fast saturation transfer imaging using a stack of rosette trajectories with a higher sampling density near the k‐space center. Each rosette lobe was segmented into two halves to generate dual‐echo images. B0 inhomogeneities were estimated using the phase difference between the images and corrected subsequently. The rosette‐based imaging was evaluated in comparison to a fully sampled Cartesian trajectory and demonstrated on CEST phantoms (creatine solutions and egg white) and healthy volunteers at 3 T.

Results

Compared with the conventional Cartesian acquisition, compressed sensing reconstructed rosette images provided image quality with overall higher contrast‐to‐noise ratio and significantly faster readout time. Accurate B0 map estimation was achieved from the rosette acquisition with a negligible bias of 0.01 Hz between the rosette and dual‐echo Cartesian gradient echo B0 maps, using the latter as ground truth. The water‐saturation spectra (Z‐spectra) and amide proton transfer weighted signals obtained from the rosette‐based sequence were well preserved compared with the fully sampled data, both in the phantom and human studies.

Conclusions

Fast, motion‐robust, and inherent B0‐corrected CEST and magnetization transfer contrast imaging using rosette trajectories could improve subject comfort and compliance, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, and provide inherent B0 homogeneity information. This work is expected to significantly accelerate the translation of CEST‐MRI into a robust, clinically viable approach.
Peripheral nerve injuries in the performing artist
Authors: Colorado Berdale , Willeford Breanna , Schultz Jacob
Published: August 2024

Dancers and musicians have unique physical demands that can lead to injury of the peripheral nerves. Specific dance movements and specific instrument positions, combined with countless hours of practice and repetition, create an environment for potential nerve injury. Familiarity with these variables and recognition of the common presentations of neuropathic syndromes are essential in the evaluation of a performing artist with a suspected peripheral nerve injury. Assessment should include an understanding and analysis of their dance style or instrument playing posture, particularly in the position or motion that recreates the symptoms if possible. Practice and performance schedules should also be considered. Diagnosis may require electrodiagnostic testing, imaging, or diagnostic injections. Treatment should be comprehensive and may include modifications in practice schedule, posture/position, and technique in addition to consideration of medications, splints/orthoses, physical therapy, and injections. The instructor/teacher should be involved in the treatment plan if applicable. Complete rest in this population may not be realistic or necessary. Early and accurate diagnosis of nerve injury is important for safe return to dance or instrumental music.
A comparative study of micromorphic gradient‐extensions for anisotropic damage at finite strains
Authors: van der Velden Tim , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie , Holthusen Hagen
Published: August 2024

Modern inelastic material model formulations rely on the use of tensor‐valued internal variables. When inelastic phenomena include softening, simulations of the former are prone to localization. Thus, an accurate regularization of the tensor‐valued internal variables is essential to obtain physically correct results. Here, we focus on the regularization of anisotropic damage at finite strains. Thus, a flexible anisotropic damage model with isotropic, kinematic, and distortional hardening is equipped with three gradient‐extensions using a full and two reduced regularizations of the damage tensor. Theoretical and numerical comparisons of the three gradient‐extensions yield excellent agreement between the full and the reduced regularization based on a volumetric‐deviatoric regularization using only two nonlocal degrees of freedom.
Comparison of the dynamic characteristics of GFRP, CFRP, and hybrid composites subjected to repeated low‐velocity impact
Authors: Sozen Betul , Coskun Taner , Kapıcı Serkan , Sahin Omer Sinan
Published: August 2024

The current study used the vacuum‐assisted hand lay‐up method (VAHLM) to manufacture glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP), and glass/carbon fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites to examine the influences of fiber materials and hybridization on the repeated low‐velocity impact (LVI) responses. In this regard, the manufactured composites were exposed to repeated LVI loading at 3 m/s under 25.2 J impact energy, and thus dynamic characteristics such as total impulse, contact/bending stiffness, interaction time, peak force/displacement, and absorbed‐rebounded energies depending on the impact number were acquired. LVI tests were continued until penetration was observed in the composites, at which point the penetration threshold numbers for each composite type were acquired. Furthermore, the macro‐scale damage analyses depending on the impact number were gradually examined, and the impacts of hybridization and fiber material on the damage mechanisms were determined. The study found that GFRP, hybrid and CFRP composites had the highest impact resistance, respectively, and that glass fiber‐reinforcement is well‐suited for applications that require higher impact resistance. When the average penetration threshold numbers for the composites were examined, it was observed that GFRP composites had approximately five times higher penetration threshold numbers than CFRP composites and that hybrid specimens exhibited similar properties to CFRP composites in terms of impact resistance. This scenario was linked to the various deformation capabilities of glass and carbon fibers, and it was concluded that the high‐deformation capability of the fibers improved the penetration threshold numbers.

Highlights

Effects of hybridization and fiber material on LVI responses were examined.

Fiber material has a significant influence on impact resistance.

Penetration threshold number can be associated with the fibers' strain capability.

The adhesion factor plays an active role in the damage of hybrid specimens.
In Silico Analysis of Conformational Dynamics and Energetic Landscapes of Putative Insulinase PF11_0189 From the Plasmodium falciparum Genome With Insulin‐Derived Peptides: Approach to Rationale Design of Insulin Peptide‐Based Inhibitors
Authors: Mahanta Prabhash Jyoti , Lhouvum Kimjolly
Published: August 2024

Glucose abnormality is one of the atypical symptoms mostly overlooked during severe malaria. Screening for proteases involved in glucose abnormality suggests a potential new drug target. PF11_0189 is a putative insulin degrading enzyme found in the genome of Plasmodium falciparum. In silico approach revealed that PF11_0189 is similar to the metalloproteases exhibiting a zinc binding motif. The substrate binding region of PF11_0189 catalytic domain is lined by residues of a mixed nature, enabling the accommodation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues from substrates. Analysis of each amino acid position from combinatorial peptide library suggests Thr and Ser to be the most crucial residues as upon its mutation significant improvement is observed in the binding. The peptides P‐21 (VPICSLY), P‐70 (TMICVLY), and P‐121 (AVICSLY) demonstrate significantly better interaction within the active site than a template peptide (TSICSLY). Molecular dynamic simulations confirm the complex's integrity, with all structures within the qualitative limit of compactness and stability during the simulation time. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals major conformational motions and different energy landscapes, while dynamic cross‐correlation matrix (DCCM) highlights residue interactions of the complexes. The insights obtained through computational methods provide clues about substrate selectivity in PF11_0189, which can be utilized for peptide‐based therapeutics against severe malaria.
Prefabricated contoured foot orthoses to reduce pain and increase physical activity in people with hip osteoarthritis: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: King Matthew G. , Hon Ryan , Roughead Eliza , Kemp Joanne L. , Pizzari Tania , Wong Justin , Menz Hylton B. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Harms Anton , McClelland Jodie A. , Semciw Adam I.
Published: August 2024

Background

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and burdensome condition that leads to impaired quality of life and a substantial economic burden. Encouraging physical activity, particularly walking, is crucial for OA management, but many individuals with hip OA fail to meet recommended activity levels. Prefabricated contoured foot orthoses have shown promise in improving hip muscle efficiency during walking in laboratory settings, but their real‐world feasibility and efficacy remain uncertain.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated contoured foot orthoses, prescribed via telehealth, in people with hip OA.

Methods

This feasibility trial randomised 27 participants with hip OA into two groups: prefabricated contoured foot orthoses or flat shoe inserts. Feasibility outcomes were assessed, including recruitment rate, adherence, logbook completion, and dropout rate. Patient‐reported outcomes and accelerometer‐measured physical activity were collected as secondary outcomes.

Results

While the recruitment rate was low (0.88 people/week), adherence to the intervention (59%), logbook completion (93%), and dropout rates (7%) met or exceeded our predefined feasibility parameters. Participants found the intervention acceptable, and practicality was demonstrated with minor adverse events. Preliminary efficacy testing indicated that prefabricated contoured foot orthoses positively affected physical activity (adjusted mean difference = 2590 [260 to 4920] steps/day), with comparable outcomes for hip‐related quality of life and pain.

Conclusion

This trial supports proceeding to a fully powered RCT to assess the effect of teleheath prescribed prefabricated contoured foot orthoses on physical activity in people with hip OA.

Study Registration Number

National Institutes of Health Trial Registry (NCT05138380).
Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Based on d$d$‐dimensional Bell States
Authors: Shu Ya‐Xi , Bai Chen‐Ming , Hong Wan‐Li , Zhang Sujuan
Published: August 2024

In this paper, on the design process of a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol within a ‐dimensional Hilbert space is elaborated upon. A circular‐type multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on the generalized Bell state is introduced. To enhance security against external attacks, decoy states into the transmission process is incorporated. Transmission sequences of the generalized Bell state and decoy states are passed between participants. The participants then encode their secret information into the corresponding particles. Ultimately, all participants are able to derive the same key. In addition, a combination of ‐dimensional Pauli operators is utilized, making the proposed protocol feasible with current technology. Analysis and protection against intercept‐resend attack, entangle‐measure attack and dishonest participants attacks, demonstrating the feasibility of the protocol in a ‐dimensional Hilbert space. The protocol has certain advantages over other protocols in terms of a comprehensive consideration of security and efficiency.
On the importance of CI/CD practices for database applications
Authors: Fluri Jasmin , Fornari Fabrizio , Pustulka Ela
Published: August 2024

Continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) automate software integration and reduce repetitive engineering work. While the use of CI/CD presents efficiency gains, in database application development, this potential has not been fully exploited. We explore the state of the art in this area, with a focus on current practices, common software tools, challenges, and preconditions that apply to database applications. The work is grounded in a synoptic literature review and contributes a novel generic CI/CD pipeline for database system application development. Our generic pipeline was tailored to three industrial development use cases in which we measured the benefits of integration and deployment automation. The measurements demonstrate clearly that introducing CI/CD had significant benefits. It reduced the number of failed deployments, improved their stability, and increased the number of deployments. Interviews with the developers before and after the implementation of the CI/CD show that the pipeline brings clear benefits to the development team (i.e., a reduced cognitive load). These findings put current database release practices driven by business expectations, such as fixed release windows, in question.
Gold Clusters on Graphene/Graphite—Structure and Energy Landscape
Authors: Settem Manoj , Gianetti Melisa M. , Guerra Roberto , Manini Nicola , Ferrando Riccardo , Giacomello Alberto
Published: August 2024

Adopting an advanced microscopic model of the Au–graphite interaction, a systematic study of Au nanoclusters (up to sizes of 11 238 atoms) on graphene and on graphite is carried out to explore their structure and energy landscape. Using parallel tempering molecular dynamics, structural distribution as a function of temperature is calculated in the entire temperature range. Low‐energy structures are identified through a combination of structural optimization and Wulff–Kaischew construction which are then used to explore the energy landscape. The potential energy surface (PES), which is energy as a function of translation and rotation, is calculated for a few Au nanoclusters along specific directions on carbon lattice. Minimum‐energy pathways are identified on the PES indicating a reduced barrier for pathways involving simultaneous rotation and translation. Diffusion simulations of Au233 on graphite show that diffusion mechanism is directly related to the PES, and the information of the cluster pinning events is already present in the PES. Finally, a comparison of various interaction models highlights the importance of reasonably correct Au–C interactions which is crucial for studying the energy landscape and cluster sliding.
Best of Both Worlds: Adsorptive Ultrafiltration Nanocellulose‐Hypercrosslinked Polymer Hybrid Membranes for Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Mayer Florian , Schweng Paul , Braeuer Simone , Hummer Sebastian , Koellensperger Gunda , Mautner Andreas , Woodward Robert , Bismarck Alexander
Published: August 2024

Efficient water treatment ideally combines ion exchange for the removal of hardness elements and toxic trace metals as well as ultrafiltration for the removal of particulate matter. Although promising for adsorption, many high‐surface‐area polymer materials cannot be easily processed into freestanding membranes or packed bed columns, due to poor solution processability and high back pressures, respectively. The preparation of hybrid membranes comprising sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymers entrapped in nanocellulose papers is described. The hybrid membranes are effective for simultaneous ultrafiltration and ion exchange. Increasing the polymer loading of the hybrid membrane produces synergy by increasing the permeance of the membranes while enhancing the ion adsorption capacity to values exceeding those of bulk hypercrosslinked polymers. The maximum ion adsorption capacity for copper is determined to be ≈100 mg g−1 outperforming that of pure polymer (71 mg g−1) and commercially available ion exchange resins. Competitive adsorption is tested in samples containing water hardness elements and trace toxic metal ions showing high ion‐exchange capacities. Even when fully loaded with water hardness elements, Ba2+ and Sr2+ are still removed from solution.
Effects of Damage Evolution on Edge Crack Sensitivity in Dual‐Phase Steels
Authors: Habibi Niloufar , Beier Thorsten , Lian Junhe , Tekkaya Berk , Koenemann Markus , Muenstermann Sebastian
Published: August 2024

The present study aims to thoroughly investigate the edge‐cracking phenomenon in high‐strength sheets. Hence, the edge crack sensitivity of three dual‐phase steels is studied in various combinations of edge manufacturing and forming processes. Finite element simulations are performed to elaborate the study. In this regard, the Yoshida–Uemori kinematic hardening model is employed to describe the plasticity behavior of the materials under multistep processes. A stress‐state fracture model is coupled with this plasticity model to illustrate the distinguished local fracture strains of each material. Moreover, the effects of strain rate and the consequent temperature rise on hardening and damage are taken into account, which play significant roles during shear‐cutting. The results show that although the shear‐cutting processes are applied at very low speed, the strain rate and induced temperature are still high at the cutting area. The hole expansion results show different fracture behaviors for different cases. In brief, cracking is initiated at a location, which shows the highest damage accumulation during edge manufacturing plus the subsequent forming process. Such a complicated situation can only be successfully predicted by using a computer‐aided approach along with proper material modeling, like the applied model in this study.
Membranen im Wind von allen Seiten
Authors: Lienhard Julian , Bidier Sami , Michalski Alexander
Published: August 2024

Windlasten auf Membrantragwerken sind nicht normativ geregelt. Die Formenvielfalt der meist offenen und somit beidseitig umströmten Flächen lässt sich nicht mit geometrischen Variablen tabellarisch erfassen, wie es bspw. im Eurocode EN 1991‐1‐4 für typische Gebäudeformen üblich ist. Die daher empfohlenen individuellen Windkanaltests sind jedoch nur für größere Projekte mit entsprechendem Budget und Planungszeiträumen darstellbar. So haben sich in der Literatur einige Empfehlungen für typische Membrandächer gesammelt und gleichzeitig hat sich die computerbasierte Windsimulation so weit entwickelt, dass sie inzwischen auch in den marktüblichen FEM‐Software‐Paketen angeboten wird. Wie es um die Genauigkeit der verschiedenen Ansätze und deren Vergleichbarkeit steht, soll anhand von Fallbeispielen erläutert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die Analyse von Normansätzen, Literaturwerten, Windkanaltests und computergestützten Verfahren mit einem Vergleich von Berechnungsergebnissen und gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der Lastansätze im Membranbau.
Genome‐wide association study of carotenoids in maize kernel
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Zhang Xiangbo , Lu Chuanli , Chang Hailong , Chachar Zaid , Fan Lina , An Yuxing , Li Xuhui , Qi Yongwen
Published: August 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel pigments mainly consist of natural pigments, such as carotenoids, which are the second largest class of natural pigments and have some functions that are healthful to humans. It is essential to analyze the genetic mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis and establish the molecular marker technology system for the breeding of maize germplasm. In this study, we utilized an association panel comprising 244 maize inbred lines and about three million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and to preliminarily analyze the genetic bases of maize kernel carotenoids. The main carotenoids in maize kernels were found to be lutein, zeaxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, and β‐carotene, as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The GWAS revealed that a total of 826 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were significantly associated with carotenoids contents, 35 QTLs were simultaneously mapped by at least two traits, and 87 candidate genes were located in the meta‐QTL regions. Eight stable QTLs that were identified by more traits in the two environments were selected for the superior allelic variation analysis for germplasem selection. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for screening genes that guide kernel carotenoids selection breeding.
Rural‐Urban mild cognitive impairment comparison in West Michigan through EHR
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Witteveen‐Lane Martin , Skovira Christine , Dave Aakash A. , Jones Jeffrey S. , McNeely Erin R. , Lawrence Michael R. , Morgan David G. , Chesla Dave , Chen Bin
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a significant public health concern and a potential precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study leverages electronic health record (EHR) data to explore rural‐urban differences in MCI incidence, risk factors, and healthcare navigation in West Michigan.

METHODS

Analysis was conducted on 1,528,464 patients from Corewell Health West, using face‐to‐face encounters between 1/1/2015 and 7/31/2022. MCI cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, focusing on patients aged 45+ without prior MCI, dementia, or AD diagnoses. Incidence rates, cumulative incidences, primary care physicians (PCPs), and neuropsychology referral outcomes were examined across rural and urban areas. Risk factors were evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The geographic distribution of patient counts, hospital locations, and neurology department referrals were examined.

RESULTS

Among 423,592 patients, a higher MCI incidence rate was observed in urban settings compared to rural settings (3.83 vs. 3.22 per 1,000 person‐years). However, sensitivity analysis revealed higher incidence rates in rural areas when including patients who progressed directly to dementia. Urban patients demonstrated higher rates of referrals to and completion of neurological services. While the risk factors for MCI were largely similar across urban and rural populations, urban‐specific factors for incident MCI are hearing loss, inflammatory bowel disease, obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, being African American, and being underweight. Common risk factors include diabetes, intracranial injury, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and increased age. Lower risk was associated with being female, having a higher body mass index, and having a higher diastolic blood pressure.

DISCUSSION

This study highlights rural‐urban differences in MCI incidence and access to care, suggesting potential underdiagnosis in rural areas likely due to reduced access to specialists. Future research should explore socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle determinants of MCI to refine prevention and management strategies across geographic settings.

Highlights

Leveraged EHRs to explore rural‐urban differences in MCI in West Michigan.

Revealed a significant underdiagnosis of MCI, especially in rural areas.

Observed lower rates of neurological referrals and completions for rural patients.

Identified risk factors specific to rural and urban populations.
Development of scalable protocol for pretreatment and extraction of lipids from wet Scenedesmus acuminatus TH04 biomass
Authors: Van Do Thi Cam , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu , Thuan Tran Dang
Published: August 2024

Lipid extraction is a crucial step to obtain algal oils for substantial conversion to biofuels (biodiesel and bio‐jet fuels) and lipids‐based bioproducts from microalgal biomass. Conventional extraction technologies based on dry biomass has been well developed, however, these technologies are not economically viable. In this work, wet biomass of Scenedesmus acuminatus TH04 strain were used to optimize lipid yield via different pretreatment strategies followed by lipid extraction using biphasic solvents. It was found that the optimal pretreatment conditions were pretreatment temperature of 90 °C, time of 30 min, acid concentration of 1.5% H2SO4, and liquid‐to‐solid loading of 25% (w/w). Solvent used for lipid extraction and recovery was n‐hexane/ethanol (3/1, v/v) under stirring rate of 200 rpm, temperature of 25 °C for 2 h at 4 L solvent per 1 kg fresh biomass, achieving lipid yield of over 95%. Crude lipid was successfully purified with Sol® D‐60 or Magnesol® XL to obtain purified lipid of 92.4% purity. The developed protocol of thermal treatment, extraction, and purification was validated to work well with up to 20 kg wet algal biomass scale. Our first trial demonstrated that the protocol is efficient and scalable for lipids extraction from wet algal biomass, which is more sustainable in comparison to several technologies such as ultrasonic‐, microwave‐, ionic lipids‐assisted treatment and extraction.
Determining orbital volumes of sheep, goats and gazelles via computed tomography
Authors: Koçyiğit Ali , Demircioğlu İsmail , Demiraslan Yasin , Karaavci Funda Aksünger , Dayan Mustafa Orhun
Published: August 2024

Background

Orbital volume refers to the sum of bulbus oculi volume and orbital cavity volume. Scientists use orbital volume as a guide to diagnose, treat and prognose various eye diseases such as thyroid eye disease and enophthalmos.

Objective

This study aims to examine the orbital volumes of sheep, goats and gazelles to demonstrate homotypic variations and interspecific differences between them.

Methods

Crania of six male tuj sheep, five male hair goats and five male gazelle were used in this study. The crania were scanned using a 64‐detector multi‐detector computed tomography with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm at 80 kV, 200 MA and 639 mGy. The cross‐sectional images were stored in DICOM format and then transferred to MIMICS 20.1 software. Afterwards, models were made by establishing the orbital borders on the cross‐sections. Volume values were calculated based on the models.

Results and Conclusion

No homotypic variation was found between the right and left volumes within the species (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in terms of interspecific right and left orbital volumes between sheep and gazelles (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the orbital parameters of the sheep, goats and gazelles in the same family help reveal their differences in the visual anatomy of these species and provide reference data for clinical diagnosis, treatment and the prognosis follow‐up of ocular diseases in animals.
Comparative analysis of breeding patterns and reproductive efficiency of mares in subtropical conditions of Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Hassan Mubbashar , Channa Aijaz Ali , Ghafoor Aamir , Riaz Amjad
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the overall and breed‐specific seasonal breeding patterns, fertility rates, cyclicity, and follicular dynamics of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares under the subtropical conditions of Pakistan.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis of climatic data and breeding records of eleven breeding studs spanning four years (2020–2023) was made to find out the overall seasonality in the breeding pattern of mares. Fifty mares of each breed (n = 150 in total) were scanned by ultrasonography for a calendar year to find the cyclicity pattern and follicular dynamics (follicular growth rate, size of ovulatory follicle, and days from estrus till ovulation).

Results and Discussion

The statistical analysis of breeding records demonstrated a clear pattern of seasonal breeding (p< 0.05). The highest monthly foalings were noted in March (247 ± 45.37), and overall breeding activities peaked in Spring season (p< 0.05). Breed‐specific results of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares revealed that Arab mares maintained stable breeding activity throughout the year, with the highest activity in spring and peak conception rate in winter (56.25% ± 32.78; p > 0.05). Thoroughbred mares experienced significant seasonal declines from spring to winter with a peak conception rate in winter (63.89% ± 27.37, p > 0.05). Percherons showed the most pronounced seasonal effects, especially with a high fall conception rate (73.04% ± 19.61) and a sharp decrease in winter breeding metrics (p< 0.05). Furthermore, Thoroughbred and Percheron mares displayed the most pronounced seasonal effects on the percentage of cyclic mares 77.3% and 56% in winters (p< 0.05). Moreover, the follicular dynamics of the three breeds also exhibited significant differences (p< 0.05).

Conclusion

The current study concludes that seasonal and breed‐specific variability exists among the reproductive parameters of Arab, Thoroughbred, and Percheron mares in subtropics, necessitating breed‐specific reproductive management measures to maximize mare breeding efficiency.