bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present Practice in Thread-Gage Making
Authors: Wells Frank O.
Published: December 2023

The author describes the difficulties experienced by manufacturers of thread gages in their efforts to maintain accuracy and standardization and, at the same time, meet the present demands of increased production.

The process of cutting threads in the lathe requires expert manipulation to be successful. The errors in lead screw should be corrected and a good cutting tool correctly held is essential. Approved methods of thread lapping, grinding and testing are described.

The question of tolerances is important. An unreasonable and useless accuracy of gage tolerance complicates the making and increases the cost of thread gages. The author recommends a set of values for medium tolerances. The figures are not too close and are offered as applicable in most practical cases.
Labor Dilution as a National Necessity
Authors: Waldron Frederick A.
Published: December 2023

In order to meet the increased demands for labor, which were greatly increased at the outbreak of the war, the Government of Great Britain established a Bureau of Labor Dilution and commissioned it with the distribution of labor in a manner to relieve skilled workmen of the performance of those functions of their task which could be accomplished by less skilled workmen.

The author, after referring to the work done by this Bureau, outlines in a general way the scope of labor dilution as a necessary application to the national resources of the United States.

He proposes the standardization of engineering products, the coöperative effort of legislators and engineers, the education of the public to a mental attitude of basic economy, and a redistribution of occupations according to adaptability, as steps contributing directly or indirectly to the elimination of useless and unnecessary labor.
Mechanical Features of the Vertical-Lift Bridge
Authors: Van Cleve Horatio P.
Published: December 2023

This paper covers the important developments in the operating mechanisms of the vertical-lift bridge, beginning with the Holsted Street bridge built for the city of Chicago in 1892, and ending with the 1600-ton lift span of Bridge 458, Pennsylvania Lines West, completed in the same city in 1914. It is shown that the improvements in design made in the 22 years intervening between the erection of these bridges were due not only to the observation and correction of faults, but to the fact that great progress was made during the same period in certain manufactured articles, principally the electric motor.

The writer mentions points of special interest in the design of eight lift bridges, describing supporting, guiding, and locking details, and methods of erection, operation, and control. On a certain type of tower sheave it developed, after one of the bridges had been put in operation, that the disk plates forming the webs of the sheaves were loose and moving on the steel hubs to which they had been riveted, and a satisfactory method is illustrated of overcoming the difficulty between operations of the span.

The erection of the lift span of Bridge 458, Pennsylvania Lines West, presented some unusual problems, and this work, with the unique method of solving one of these problems, is covered in considerable detail.
Development of Scientific Methods of Management in a Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Thompson Sanford E. , Lichtner William O. , Hall Keppele , Guild Henry J.
Published: December 2023

The authors present in considerable detail the outline of the development of scientific methods as applied to the ordinary manufacturing plant. To make this a more concrete illustration the discussion is centered in the plants known as the Eastern Manufacturing Company, at Bangor and Lincoln, Maine, one of the largest concerns in the country manufacturing writing paper as its final product. The development of scientific methods at these mills, however, is not, as one might assume, descriptive of a simple and comparatively localized industry. As a matter of fact, the processes involved in pulp and paper making are similar in type, so far as management methods — not in specific technique — are concerned, to a vast number of industries.

In the paper are discussed the development of the organization, comparing the old method of control with the new method through its planning department; the progress toward standardization of the making and machining, with the results already obtained; the methods of job analysis, with illustrations describing the standardization of machine and hand processes and the introduction of bonuses; the effect of reduction in working hours; the classification of paper, with balance-of-stores inventories; the effect of standardization and bonus installation in the pulp mill; the method of handling another mill from the one planning department; and the development of the Service Department, with the effect on the personnel of the establishment.

The results secured by the scientific standardization of the various operations in combination with the routing system and bonus plan have effected an increase in production; a decrease in hours; an increase in wages; a reduction in labor cost per ton of production; a saving in materials; an effective control of production throughout the plant; and the development of a spirit of coöperation between the management and the employees.
The Design of Motor-Truck Engines for Long Life
Authors: Younger John
Published: December 2023

The problem of long life of a motor-truck engine is not a simple one, on account of the widely varying conditions under which the engine operates.

Long life depends on three factors: Design, manufacturing excellence, and operating conditions.

Design: Under this head the paper summarizes present practice, giving particulars of recommended materials, dimensions of parts, and factors of safety for the several parts of the engine.

Manufacturing Excellence: Workmanship, tolerances, and running tests are considered. For long life the best workmanship is essential.

Operating Conditions: Recommendations for maintaining the engine in first-class condition are given. For long life particular attention should be paid to lubrication, cleaning, inspection, and regulation.
Apparatus for Cooling, Drying and Purifying Air
Authors: Baldwin W. J.
Published: December 2023

This paper describes an apparatus for purifying air and regulating its temperature and humidity by mechanical means. In principle it consists of the use of a cold spray for the purification process, after which the excess moisture, together with particles of dust, excess CO2, etc., are separated from the air by centrifugal action. In one of its original forms the device was applied to the porthole of a ship for the purpose of drawing into the cabin large quantities of air but excluding rain or spray. It has also been used to remove CO2 from vitiated air, as in the compartments of a submarine, and for removing particles of dust from the gases of combustion in a chimney.
The Trumble Refining Process
Authors: Thompson N. W.
Published: December 2023

Disadvantages of the method of distilling oils by filling a cylindrical still with the crude oil and boiling off the lighter distillates, then the next heavier, and so on, are: an expensive installation to build and maintain, low heat transfer, considerable radiation losses, etc.

The Trumble distilling apparatus is a departure from this method. The essential part of the apparatus is a vertical evaporating chamber, in which are arranged a number of umbrella-shaped “spreader hoods.” Heat is applied to the chamber from the outside by any convenient method, and oil fed into the top of the chamber flows down over the hoods in a thin film, strikes against the interior wall of the chamber and flows down. The vapor evolved passes up through a centrally disposed take-off pipe into a separator.

The paper embodies a description of an actual plant employing the system.

The chief advantage claimed for the system is the conservation of heat. It is stated that the plant described is doing on 1.1 per cent of the crude oil run through as fuel more work than large oil refineries operating today using as fuel 4 per cent of the crude oil.
Influence of Disk Friction on Turbine Pump Design
Authors: zur Nedden F.
Published: December 2023

The mathematical survey of the problem leads to these conditions for a minimum loss through disk friction:

a Smoothness (polish) of both disk and casing. Roughness of either is equally detrimental.

b Smallest possible surface of both. Excessive extension of surface is equally detrimental whether it is the surface of the disk or of the casing.

c Outward indication of attainment of minimum is the fact that the waste-water rotates half as fast as impeller.

A gyrostatic pressure is generated by the rotation of the waste-water and added to static pressure prevailing at the center of the impeller.

From the influence of the width of the impeller it follows that it is important to keep the thickness of metal at the periphery as small as possible. Protruding rims are objectionable.

The influence of the ordinary roughness of non-machined castings has no perceptible effect on the efficiency except with high lift pumps. Painting or japanning the surfaces generally seems less desirable than machining them with a medium heavy cut. High polish seems wasted. The experiments verify conclusions of mathematical survey.

The influence of viscosity is proportional to its fifth root; yet, it is responsible for an improvement in the efficiency of hot-water turbine pumps. The effect of pumping heavy oil and tarry liquid is estimated. The influence of fluid density is almost exactly proportional to the specific gravity.

The loss through disk friction constitutes a constant percentage of the normal useful power at all speeds in one and the same pump. Generally its percentic value grows with the value of head per stagecapacity at constant speed, and diminishes with increasing speed and constant ratio head per stagecapacity. High heads are more economically produced by high speeds or a greater number of stages than by increasing the diameter of the impellers, but the number of stages should be left to the discretion of the makers, not fixed by specifications. A steep angle between impeller blades and the tangent at the periphery serves very considerably to improve the efficiency owing to indirect reduction in disk friction losses, especially in high lift pumps.

The disk friction reaches a minimum for a certain width of the waste water chamber, which is about ⅜ in. for disks of 12 in. diameter. The increase with increasing width is due

a To the increase in retarding surface.

b To the induction of secondary or induced hydraulic currents.

Concentric ribs are advantageous; radial ribs are detrimental.

In single-stage pumps the rotation of the waste-water reduces the tendency for leakage by about 20 to 35 per cent. In multi-stage pumps the same influence may even increase the leakage.

Inequality in shape or roughness of the waste-water chambers on both sides of the impellers produces a gyrostatic axial thrust due to disk friction which can assume very considerable values. The direction of this thrust is indicated by the rule: “The impeller is drawn to the side where the waste-water rotates fastest.”
Minding the Body: The Evolution of the Psychology of Physical Activity
Authors: Petruzzello Steven J.
Published: December 2023

This essay, written as part of an invited address for the National Academy of Kinesiology’s 92nd annual meeting, with the overarching theme being “Honoring the Past, Celebrating the Present, Embracing the Future,” provides an assessment of the evolution of sport and exercise psychology, or what I refer to as the psychology of physical activity. Specifically, I examine the role that psychology of physical activity has played since the academy was established, with particular attention to the contributions of academy fellows. I then provide my reflections on the current status and critical issues for the psychology of physical activity. Finally, I offer some thoughts on future directions for the subdiscipline in the broader field of kinesiology and some thoughts on how the academy could advance the academic discipline of kinesiology.
Novel insights into the effects of 5-hydroxymethfurural on genomic instability and phenotypic evolution using a yeast model
Authors: Zhu Ying-Xuan , He Min , Li Ke-Jing , Wang Ye-Ke , Qian Ning , Wang Ze-Fei , Sheng Huan , Sui Yang , Zhang Dong-Dong , Zhang Ke , Qi Lei , Zheng Dao-Qiong
Published: December 2023

5-Hydroxymethfurural (5-HMF) is naturally found in a variety of foods and beverages and represents a main inhibitor in the lignocellulosic hydrolysates used for fermentation. This study investigated the impact of 5-HMF on the genomic stability and phenotypic plasticity of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we examined the genomic alterations of diploid
S. cerevisiae
isolates that were subcultured on a medium containing 1.2 g/L 5-HMF. We found that in 5-HMF-treated cells, the rates of chromosome aneuploidy, large deletions/duplications, and loss of heterozygosity were elevated compared with that in untreated cells. 5-HMF exposure had a mild impact on the rate of point mutations but altered the mutation spectrum. Contrary to what was observed in untreated cells, more monosomy than trisomy occurred in 5-HMF-treated cells. The aneuploidy mutant with monosomic chromosome IX was more resistant to 5-HMF than the diploid parent strain because of the enhanced activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. Finally, we found that overexpression of
ADH6
and
ZWF1
effectively stabilized the yeast genome under 5-HMF stress. Our findings not only elucidated the global effect of 5-HMF on the genomic integrity of yeast but also provided novel insights into how chromosomal instability drives the environmental adaptability of eukaryotic cells.

IMPORTANCE

Single-cell microorganisms are exposed to a range of stressors in both natural and industrial settings. This study investigated the effects of 5-hydroxymethfurural (5-HMF), a major inhibitor found in baked foods and lignocellulosic hydrolysates, on the chromosomal instability of yeast. We examined the mechanisms leading to the distinct patterns of 5-HMF-induced genomic alterations and discovered that chromosomal loss, typically viewed as detrimental to cell growth under most conditions, can contribute to yeast tolerance to 5-HMF. Our results increased the understanding of how specific stressors stimulate genomic plasticity and environmental adaptation in yeast.
Effectiveness of optical, digital, and hybrid zoom equipped drones for use in reading livestock ear tags for individual animal identification
Authors: Church John S. , Gegout Mathis , Adams Paul J.
Published: December 2023

Predicting how advertised zoom capabilities of commercially available drones being deployed for animal management will perform can be difficult, as promotional and marketing materials supplied by the manufacturer do not necessarily reflect real-world performance. We compared our ability to read livestock ear tags used for individual animal identification using various drone models with differing zoom capabilities. Drone models were assessed at various distances using a veterinary bovine head model to determine their ability to read livestock ear tags of various colours and sizes, and to establish observational distance limits. Results indicate that while drones that primarily utilize optical zoom are preferable, newer model drones equipped with hybrid zoom cameras that utilize computational photography are superior to 5-year-old drone models equipped with only digital zoom cameras. Recently released drone models are now capable of reading livestock ear tags at distances exceeding 60 m and perform equivalent to binoculars in terms of discerning numbers printed on various coloured livestock ear tags.
The Sivers asymmetry in charged Kaon and $$\Lambda $$ hyperon produced SIDIS process at electron ion colliders
Authors: Yang Shuailiang , Song Jianxi , Wang Xiaoyu , Li De-Min , Lu Zhun
Published: December 2023

We investigate the single transverse-spin asymmetry with a $$\sin (\phi _h-\phi _S)$$

sin
(

ϕ
h

-

ϕ
S

)

modulation in the charged Kaon produced and in $$\Lambda $$
Λ
hyperon produced SIDIS process within the theoretical framework of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization at the next-to-leading-logarithmic order. The asymmetry is contributed by the convolution of Sivers function and the unpolarized fragmentation function $$D_1$$

D
1

for the produced hadron. The parametrization for the proton Qiu–Sterman function, which is closely related to the Sivers function, is adopted to numerically estimate the Sivers asymmetry at the kinematical region of Electron Ion Collider (EIC) and Electron Ion Collider in China (EicC). The TMD evolution of the TMD parton distribution functions are considered by employing the non-perturbative Sudakov form factor. It is found that the predicted Sivers asymmetries $$A_{UT}^{\sin (\phi _h-\phi _S)}$$

A

UT

sin
(

ϕ
h

-

ϕ
S

)

as functions of x, z and $$P_{hT}$$

P

hT

are sizable at the kinematical configurations of both EIC and EicC. The strange constituent of the produced charged Kaon and $$\Lambda $$
Λ
hyperon in the final state can be a promising probe of the sea quark Sivers function as well as the flavor dependence in the proton target. Therefore, it is important to utilize the future EIC facilities to constrain the sea quark distribution functions as well as the validity of the generalized universality of the Sivers function.
Thickness-dependent nonlinear optical absorption of Sb2Se3 films grown by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Ge Yanqing , Han Taotao , Wu Dan , Li Erkang , Lu Chunhui , Xu Xinlong
Published: December 2023

Both experimental and theoretical works have demonstrated that two-dimensional materials exhibit strong thickness-dependent electronic and linear optical properties. However, the nonlinear optical (NLO) effect with respect to the thickness still needs to be further investigated, which is of great significance to design different photonic devices. Herein, we develop the physical vapor deposition technique to prepare a series of antimony selenide (Sb2Se[Formula: see text] films. The relationship between the thickness of Sb2Se3 film and the NLO absorption was investigated by a [Formula: see text]-scan system under 35[Formula: see text]fs, 800[Formula: see text]nm laser excitation. The result shows the thicker Sb2Se3 film ([Formula: see text]50[Formula: see text]nm) performs a larger third-order NLO susceptibility (Im[Formula: see text] approximately [Formula: see text] esu, which can be interpreted by the stronger photon absorption, lower saturable intensity, and larger absorption cross-section of ground-state. More importantly, the Im[Formula: see text] absolute value of thick Sb2Se3 film is also far larger than those of graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenide, MXenes, and heterostructure. This work demonstrates that Sb2Se3 film is an excellent saturable absorber and provides a promising application in nonlinear photonics.
DoubleAUG: Single-domain Generalized Object Detector in Urban via Color Perturbation and Dual-style Memory
Authors: Qi Lei , Dong Peng , Xiong Tan , Xue Hui , Geng Xin
Published: December 2023

Object detection in urban scenarios is crucial for autonomous driving in intelligent traffic systems. However, unlike conventional object detection tasks, urban-scene images vary greatly in style. For example, images taken on sunny days differ significantly from those taken on rainy days. Therefore, models trained on sunny-day images may not generalize well to rainy-day images. In this article, we aim to solve the single-domain generalizable object detection task in urban scenarios, meaning that a model trained on images from one weather condition should be able to perform well on images from any other weather conditions. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Double AUGmentation (DoubleAUG) method that includes image- and feature-level augmentation schemes. In the image-level augmentation, we consider the variation in color information across different weather conditions and propose a Color Perturbation (CP) method that randomly exchanges the RGB channels to generate various images. In the feature-level augmentation, we propose to utilize a Dual-Style Memory (DSM) to explore the diverse style information on the entire dataset, further enhancing the model’s generalization capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each module in our proposed method. Moreover, our method is plug-and-play and can be integrated into existing methods to further improve model performance.
Test and Treat for Prediabetes: A Review of the Health Effects of Prediabetes and the Role of Screening and Prevention
Authors: Chakkalakal Rosette J. , Galaviz Karla I. , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Shah Megha K. , Narayan K.M. Venkat
Published: December 2023

The term prediabetes describes blood glucose levels above the normal range but below the threshold to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Several population health initiatives encourage a test and treat approach for prediabetes. In this approach, screening and identification of individuals with prediabetes should be followed by prompt referral to structured lifestyle modification programs or pharmacologic interventions that have been shown to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes in clinical trials. Here we provide a critical review of evidence for this test and treat approach by examining health outcomes associated with prediabetes and the availability and effectiveness of lifestyle modification approaches that target prediabetes. We also describe current limitations to the reach and uptake of evidence-based treatment options for prediabetes. Finally, we highlight lessons learned from identifying and labeling other preconditions to consider challenges and opportunities that may arise with increasing awareness of prediabetes as part of routine preventive care.
Cytotoxic Activity of Saponins and Sapogenins Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Carpio-Paucar Genesis N. , Palo-Cardenas Andrea I. , Rondón-Ortiz Alejandro N. , Pino-Figueroa Alejandro , Gonzales-Condori Elvis Gilmar , Villanueva-Salas José A.
Published: December 2023

The cytotoxic properties of two extracts from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and three synthetic sapogenins were evaluated in different cancer cell lines (A549, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HeLa) to investigate their cytotoxic effects and determine if these cell lines activate the caspase pathway for apoptosis in response to saponin and sapogenin treatment. The saponin extracts were isolated from the agro-industrial waste of Chenopodium quinoa Willd., while the sapogenins were identified and quantitatively determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among these compounds, ursolic acid was the most active compound, with high IC50 values measured in all cell lines. In addition, hederagenin demonstrated higher caspase-3 activity than staurosporine in HeLa cells, suggesting an anti-cytotoxic activity via a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. HPLC analysis showed that the concentration of hederagenin was higher than that of oleanolic acid in ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa. The ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa did not show cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, the synthetic sapogenins such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and hederagenin significantly decreased the viability of the four cell lines studied. Finally, by Caspase-3 assay, it was found that HeLa undergoes apoptosis during cell death because hederagenin produces a significant increase in PARP-1 hydrolysis in HeLa cells.
Supplementary Table 2 from Clinical Outcomes and Evolution of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Nzerem Chidimma , Redd Robert , Dunford Andrew , Leventhal Matthew , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Tahri Sabrin , El-Khoury Habib , Steensma David P. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Soiffer Robert J. , Keats Jonathan J. , Mehr Shaadi , Auclair Daniel , Ghobrial Irene M. , Sperling Adam S. , Stewart Chip , Getz Gad
Published: December 2023

List of genes in the targeted sequencing panel.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Clinical Outcomes and Evolution of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Nzerem Chidimma , Redd Robert , Dunford Andrew , Leventhal Matthew , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Tahri Sabrin , El-Khoury Habib , Steensma David P. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Soiffer Robert J. , Keats Jonathan J. , Mehr Shaadi , Auclair Daniel , Ghobrial Irene M. , Sperling Adam S. , Stewart Chip , Getz Gad
Published: December 2023

Power to detect CH mutations.
FIGURE 4 from Clinical Outcomes and Evolution of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Nzerem Chidimma , Redd Robert , Dunford Andrew , Leventhal Matthew , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Tahri Sabrin , El-Khoury Habib , Steensma David P. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Soiffer Robert J. , Keats Jonathan J. , Mehr Shaadi , Auclair Daniel , Ghobrial Irene M. , Sperling Adam S. , Stewart Chip , Getz Gad
Published: December 2023

OS and PFS of non-transplanted and transplanted patients with multiple myeloma with respect to CH and IMiD treatment. OS (A) and PFS (B) of all patients with CH versus those who do not have CH. OS (C) and PFS (D) of non-transplanted patients with CH versus those who do not have CH. OS (E) and PFS (F) among transplanted patients with CH versus those who do not have CH.
Pain and Its Association with Survival for Black and White Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Rencsok Emily M. , Slopen Natalie , McManus Hannah D. , Autio Karen A. , Morgans Alicia K. , McSwain Lawrence , Barata Pedro , Cheng Heather H. , Dreicer Robert , Gerke Travis , Green Rebecca , Heath Elisabeth I. , Howard Lauren E. , McKay Rana R. , Nowak Joel , Pileggi Shannon , Pomerantz Mark M. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Tagawa Scott T. , Whang Young E. , Ragin Camille , Odedina Folakemi T. , Kantoff Philip W. , Vinson Jake , Villanti Paul , Haneuse Sebastien , Mucci Lorelei A. , George Daniel J. ,   for the IRONMAN Registry
Published: December 2023

Bone pain is a well-known quality-of-life detriment for individuals with prostate cancer and is associated with survival. This study expands previous work into racial differences in multiple patient-reported dimensions of pain and the association between baseline and longitudinal pain and mortality. This is a prospective cohort study of individuals with newly diagnosed advanced prostate cancer enrolled in the International Registry for Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (IRONMAN) from 2017 to 2023 at U.S. sites. Differences in four pain scores at study enrollment by race were investigated. Cox proportional hazards models and joint longitudinal survival models were fit for each of the scale scores to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association with all-cause mortality. The cohort included 879 individuals (20% self-identifying as Black) enrolled at 38 U.S. sites. Black participants had worse pain at baseline compared with White participants, most notably a higher average pain rating (mean 3.1 vs. 2.2 on a 10-point scale). For each pain scale, higher pain was associated with higher mortality after adjusting for measures of disease burden, particularly for severe bone pain compared with no pain (HR, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.44–4.22). The association between pain and all-cause mortality was stronger for participants with castration-resistant prostate cancer compared with those with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and was similar among Black and White participants. Overall, Black participants reported worse pain than White participants, and more severe pain was associated with higher mortality independent of clinical covariates for all pain scales.

Significance:

Black participants with advanced prostate cancer reported worse pain than White participants, and more pain was associated with worse survival. More holistic clinical assessments of pain in this population are needed to determine the factors upon which to intervene to improve quality of life and survivorship, particularly for Black individuals.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia Induced by Atezolizumab in a Patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Successfully Treated with Steroid Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Kawakado Keita , Ito Shunsuke , Kono Kento , Mitarai Yuki , Yanagawa Takashi , Nagasaki Makoto
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Combination therapy of atezolizumab and chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for small-cell lung cancer. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can occur during immune checkpoint inhibitor administration. A few reports exist on pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) as an irAE after atezolizumab treatment. PRCA is characterized by normocytic-normochromic anemia, a marked decrease in reticulocytes, and a decrease in bone marrow erythroblasts. Here, we report a case of atezolizumab-induced PRCA. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department with the chief complaint of seizures. Multiple metastatic brain tumors and a mass suspected to be the primary lesion in the right hilar region were observed. After a brain biopsy, he was diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer (cT1cN0M1c stage IVB). He received four courses of carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab in combination with whole-brain irradiation, which led to a partial response. After six courses of atezolizumab maintenance therapy, severe anemia (hemoglobin, 3.4 g/dL) was observed. PRCA induced by atezolizumab was diagnosed using a bone marrow biopsy performed during red blood cell transfusion. Treatment was started with prednisolone 25 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day). Anemia improved, and the dose was gradually reduced to 5 mg/day. Conclusion: Reports of PRCA as an irAE are rare but important; hence, we reported this case.
Dysregulated Autophagy and Sarcomere Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure With Co‐Occurrence of P63A and P380S
BAG3
Variants
Authors: Martin Thomas G. , Pak Hana , Gerhard Glenn S. , Merali Salim , Merali Carmen , Lemster Bonnie , Dubey Praveen , McTiernan Charles F. , Bristow Michael R. , Feldman Arthur M. , Kirk Jonathan A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Mutations to the co‐chaperone protein BAG3 (B‐cell lymphoma‐2–associated athanogene‐3) are a leading cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). These mutations often impact the C‐terminal BAG domain (residues 420–499), which regulates heat shock protein 70‐dependent protein turnover via autophagy. While mutations in other regions are less common, previous studies in patients with DCM found that co‐occurrence of 2
BAG3
variants (P63A, P380S) led to worse prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism for dysfunction is not fully understood.

Methods and Results

In this study, we used proteomics, Western blots, and myofilament functional assays on left ventricular tissue from patients with nonfailing, DCM, and DCM with
BAG3
63/380
to determine how these mutations impact protein quality control and cardiomyocyte contractile function. We found dysregulated autophagy and increased protein ubiquitination in patients with
BAG3
63/380
compared with nonfailing and DCM, suggesting impaired protein turnover. Expression and myofilament localization of BAG3‐binding proteins were also uniquely altered in the
BAG3,
63/380
including abolished localization of the small heat shock protein CRYAB (alpha‐crystallin B chain) to the sarcomere. To determine whether these variants impacted sarcomere function, we used cardiomyocyte force‐calcium assays and found reduced maximal calcium‐activated force in DCM and
BAG3
63/380
. Interestingly, myofilament calcium sensitivity was increased in DCM but not with
BAG3
63/380
, which was not explained by differences in troponin I phosphorylation.

Conclusions

Together, our data support that the disease‐enhancing mechanism for
BAG3
variants outside of the BAG domain is through disrupted protein turnover leading to compromised sarcomere function. These findings suggest a shared mechanism of disease among pathogenic
BAG3
variants, regardless of location.
Atrial Fibrillation and Clinical Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta‐Analysis of Adjusted Effect Estimates
Authors: Zheng Wei , Tang Yi , Lin Huajing , Huang Huapin , Lei Hanhan , Lin Huiying , Huang Ying , Lin Xiaojuan , Liu Nan , Du Houwei
Published: December 2023

Background

The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received endovascular thrombectomy remains unclear. We aimed to perform a meta‐analysis of adjusted effect estimates to examine the association between the presence of AF and the clinical outcomes in patients with AIS who received endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods and Results

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database between January 1, 2013 and July 10, 2023. Data were meta‐analyzed to compare the outcomes among patients with AIS with and without AF who received endovascular thrombectomy. Our primary outcome was 90‐day functional independence defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Secondary outcomes included excellent independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1), 90‐day mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and any intracranial hemorrhage. Eighteen observational studies comprising 16 096 patients with AIS (mean age, 70.1 years; women, 48.2%; 6862 with AF versus 9234 without AF) were included. There were no statistically significant differences for modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.14 [95% CI, 0.95–1.37]; [95% prediction interval [PI], 0.72–1.80]), mortality (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.79–1.08]; [95% PI, 0.77–1.11]), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71–1.32]; [95% PI, 0.43–2.17]), and any intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.91–1.28]; [95% PI, 0.74–1.58]) among patients with AIS with and without AF.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis detected no significant differences in 90‐day functional outcomes, mortality, and intracerebral hemorrhage risk after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with AIS with and without AF.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; Unique identifier: CRD 42021293511.
Rafaelomyia, a remarkable new genus of South American long-legged flies (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)
Authors: SOARES MATHEUS M. M. , CAPELLARI RENATO S. , RAMOS-PASTRANA YARDANY
Published: December 2023

A new dolichopodid genus (Diptera, Dolichopodidae), Rafaelomyia Soares, Capellari & Ramos-Pastrana gen. nov., is described and comprises the following five new species from Northern South America: Rafaelomyia exu Soares & Capellari sp. nov. (Cusco, Peru), R. inpa Soares, Capellari & Ramos-Pastrana sp. nov. (Cusco, Peru), R. singularis Soares & Capellari sp. nov. (Cusco, Peru), R. uniamazonia Ramos-Pastrana & Soares sp. nov. (Huila, Colombia), and R. xavieri Soares & Capellari sp. nov. (Cusco, Peru). The new genus is tentatively placed in the subfamily Sympycninae based on a suite of characters traditionally associated with the subfamily: head ovate on anterior view (antenna on top of head), wing with “bosse alaire”, vein M unbranched into M1 and M2, tibia I with anterodorsal row of setae, male abdomen not pedunculated, with setose tergite 6 and male hypopygium relatively small, despite the lack of anterior preapical setae on femur II and/or III and the presence of a conspicuous flattened posterior slope of mesonotum. The systematic position of the new genus is discussed and an identification key to males is provided.
Black Grief Matters: Undergraduate Students’ Experiences Grieving Police Murders of Black Americans
Authors: Harris Madelyn G. , O’Brien Karen M.
Published: December 2023

Black Americans’ witnessing of online anti-Black police brutality is related to negative psychological outcomes, including stress and depressive symptoms. This study examined the degree to which grief disenfranchisement, social support, and coping style predicted stress, depressive symptoms, and prolonged grief among 189 Black undergraduate students grieving police murders of Black Americans. The students experienced moderate stress, elevated depressive symptoms, and low levels of prolonged grief, and coping style emerged as the most robust predictor of mental health outcomes. Specifically, planning, behavioral disengagement, and ritual-centered coping predicted variance in perceived stress. Additionally, behavioral disengagement explained variance in depressive symptoms; and disenfranchised grief, changes in goals, and collective-centered coping accounted for variance in prolonged grief. These findings may contribute to the development of interventions to support Black undergraduate students as they grieve police murders of Black Americans.
Gnats, Camels, and Peter in the Synoptic Gospels: Response to Alan Garrow’s “Matthew’s Use of Luke”
Authors: Andrejevs Olegs
Published: December 2023

In 2023, Alan Garrow published ‘Gnats, Camels, and Matthew’s Use of Luke’ (JSNT 45/3). There, he responds to several authors who engaged critically with various aspects of the Matthean Posteriority Hypothesis in synoptic studies (Matthew uses Mark and Luke; no Q). A section of Garrow’s article contains an extensive response to my Expository Times article (133/6). In his rejoinder, Garrow makes use of several arguments from Robert H. Gundry’s “Peter: False Disciple and Apostate according to Saint Matthew” (2015), which was featured as the Book of the Month in the Expository Times (127/9). In this article, I respond to Garrow and, subsidiarily, to Gundry.
Can datasets from long-term biomonitoring programs detect climate change effects on stream benthos?
Authors: Bailey Robert C. , Reynoldson Trefor B.
Published: December 2023

We analyzed datasets from a long-term monitoring program of stream ecosystems in British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether or not it could detect climate change effects. In the Fraser River Basin (monitoring timespan 1994-2019), there was a marked (∼50%) increase in alpha diversity in reference streams, while BC North Coast (2004–2021) streams showed a modest trend of decreasing diversity and Columbia River Basin (2003–2018) and Vancouver Island (2001–2019) streams showed modestly increasing diversity. In all four regions, diversity across all sites in a specific period was primarily a function of sampling effort during this period rather than a temporal trend. Across all the regions, only three of 21 groups of faunally similar sites defined by Reference Condition Approach predictive modeling showed a suggestion of a directional change in community structure over time. Only 1 of 15 reference sites that were repeatedly sampled over several years showed a pattern that may indicate a response to changing climate. Three, not mutually exclusive, reasons why we did not see a clear effect of climate change on BC stream ecosystems were: 1) Little or no effect of climate change relative to other, potentially interacting biotic and abiotic factors, 2) The timespan of monitoring was too short to detect cumulative effects of climate change, and, most importantly, 3) The sampling design and protocol were unable to detect climate change effects. To better detect and characterize the effects of climate change on streams in monitoring programs, we recommend annual re-sampling of a few reference sites and detailed analysis of the natural and human environment of the sites along with better characterization of the benthic community (e.g. with eDNA) at all monitored sites.
Updated review of wet pack complications in pulse vacuum pressure steam sterilisation processes in central sterile supply departments
Authors: Huang Qiyun , Tang Jing , Zhu Jie , Tan Huan , Huang Yan , He Guxiang
Published: December 2023

The quality of sterilisation and disinfection in a central sterile supply department is directly related to the quality of the hospital services and the patients’ safety. Wet packs occasionally occur following the process of pressure steam sterilisation; reducing this occurrence is an important issue. Therefore, the causes of wet pack following sterilisation were analysed to identify the influencing factors and suggest improvements to prevent its occurrence. Understanding the sterilisation process and possible causes of exposure helps with risk assessment and identifying necessary corrective measures.
Revisiting Self-Objectification Among Black Women: The Importance of Eurocentric Beauty Norms
Authors: Perkins Tiani R. , Ward Lucretia Monique , Jerald Morgan C. , Cole Elizabeth R. , Avery Lanice R.
Published: December 2023

Models of self-objectification utilized by the existing literature have been normed with predominantly White samples and may not account for the unique pressures on Black women to engage in beauty practices that prioritize European appearance expectations. Additionally mainstream media have historically rejected Black women’s bodies and beauty, instead reifying Western European aesthetics. We expand the existing literature by testing the contribution of body surveillance using serial analyses via endorsement of Eurocentric appearance norms (i.e., feminine appearance, thinness, and Eurocentric appearance), mainstream media consumption, mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and hostility), and body shame. Based on a sample of 561 Black women, combined serial/parallel mediation models revealed that total media consumption was not associated with body surveillance; however, there was an indirect effect of media consumption through acceptance of European body image norms predicting mental health and body shame. Findings suggest that to fully understand the impact of sexual- and self-objectification among Black women, researchers must also examine their negotiations of Western European norms of femininity and beauty. Implications for Black women’s body image beliefs are discussed.
The Influence of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality on Gendered Racism and Identity Shifting Among Black Undergraduate Women at a HBCU
Authors: Dickens Danielle D. , Powell Charlotte Marshall , Tambedou Tida , Woodruff Kitana , Bailey Lauren
Published: December 2023

Black women often experience gendered racism, the intersection of racism and sexism. A coping strategy used to offset the negative consequences associated with gendered racism is known as identity shifting, the process of altering how one talks (code switching) and acts. However, scholars have theorized that gendered racial identity centrality, the extent to which both one’s race and gender identities are important to one’s self-image, serves as a buffer against the impacts of discrimination. Participants ( N = 170) completed an online survey to examine the role of gendered racial identity centrality between gendered racism and identity shifting among Black college women attending a historically Black college. Results from our online study revealed that, separately, greater levels of gendered racism and lower gendered racial identity centrality significantly predicted identity shifting; however, gendered racial identity centrality did not moderate the relationship between gendered racism and identity shifting. The findings may be important for understanding how experiences of gendered racism affect coping strategies among Black women.
Role of Self-Objectification & Gendered Racial Microaggressions on Black Women’s Body Appreciation
Authors: Dunn Chelsie E. , Patev Alison J. , Owens Bianca D. , Hall Calvin J. , Bell Ashlynn D. , Hood Kristina B.
Published: December 2023

The subtle sexual objectification and dehumanization of Black women have a long history throughout Western society. However, few scholars have explored how sexually objectifying gendered racial microaggressions (GRM) events detract from Black women’s positive body image attitudes. Accordingly, this study investigated the moderating role of sexually objectifying GRM on the association between self-objectification and Black women’s body appreciation. Participants ( N = 215) completed measures assessing the stress appraisal and frequency of sexually objectifying GRM events, self-objectification beliefs, and body appreciation. Moderated moderation analysis revealed support for the hypothesis, with Black women reporting lower body appreciation when engagement in self-objectification and stress appraisal (of fewer sexually objectifying GRM events) were high. The findings highlight the importance of considering contextual factors, such as sexually objectifying GRM, when exploring Black women’s positive body image attitudes.
Black Women’s Body Image: Implications for Identity Formation and Well-Being
Authors: Dickens Danielle D. , Stephens Dionne P.
Published: December 2023

This paper serves as the introduction to a special issue on Black women’s body image. Today, controlling images of Black women, such as the Jezebel, Mammy, and Sapphire stereotypes, are evident in controversial public and corporate policies regarding natural hair choices, differential judicial outcomes for darker-skinned Black women, and inequitable responses to Black women’s COVID-19 symptoms and maternal health experiences. In response to these events, many Black women are (re)claiming control over their biological, social, and cultural bodily experiences across public and private spaces. Thus, we highlight how the papers in this special issue represent a large-scale effort to apply the Black feminist thought framework to the scientific study of body image among Black women. Consistent with body positivity principles, all papers use the foundation of Black feminist thought in the experiences and knowledge of Black women, consider the roles of power, privilege, and oppression throughout the inquiry process, and address the utility of findings for improving the lives of marginalized groups through structural and social change. With this special issue, we hope to advance scholarship on the ways in which Black women’s bodies are evaluated and monitored. Black women’s efforts to resist and dismantle these controlling images and gendered racial injustices are also critical contributions needed to strengthen this area of research.