bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of virtual fencing technology effectively herds cattle and sheep
Authors: Campbell D. L. M. , Marini D. , Lea J. M. , Keshavarzi H. , Dyall T. R. , Lee C.
Published: March 2021

Context Herding and mustering procedures during livestock management can be time-consuming, labour intensive, and costly. The ability to gather animals virtually is an enticing notion but technology to do this is not widely commercially available. Aims The eShepherd® virtual fencing system being developed for cattle may be able to remotely herd animals. This system operates via global positioning system, and requires animals to wear a neckband device. Animals are trained to associate an audio tone with an electrical pulse to avoid a virtual boundary. Methods Experiments were conducted with cattle using pre-commercial prototypes of the automated virtual fencing neckbands, and with sheep using manually operated dog training collars implementing the same virtual fencing algorithm to explore the potential of this technology for herding, and optimal fence designs for herding success. In the first experiment, five groups of 12 cattle were moved down a 344 m paddock using three different fence placement designs. Results The most successful design for cattle herding was a back fence that followed behind the animals to prevent them from turning back in the wrong direction. The fences were manually activated by personnel based on the cattle movement. The same type of fence design was manually applied to two groups of six sheep to successfully herd them down a 140 m paddock in the second experiment. Conclusions All herding was highly dependent on the animal’s own pace of movement as no signals were applied to ‘push’ the animals, the systems only prevented movement back in the wrong direction. The pre-commercial prototype of the automated eShepherd® device used is now obsolete and testing with updated versions would be needed to confirm its application for animal herding. Implications These preliminary trials indicate potential for virtual fencing technology to herd livestock, but technology improvements are required, and an automated device for sheep is not yet available.
The contribution of pathogenic soil microbes to ring formation in an iconic Australian arid grass,
Authors: Ross Neil D. , Moles Angela T.
Published: March 2021

Ring-forming species of spinifex grasses (Triodia spp.) are a dominant feature across much of Australia’s arid and semi-arid zone. Researchers have long been curious about the mechanisms underpinning their striking growth form. However, none of the factors investigated to date provide a convincing explanation for ring formation. Here, we asked whether an accumulation of pathogenic soil microbes might impede seedling emergence and subsequent growth in the centre of Triodia basedowii rings. We collected soil from inside and outside naturally occurring spinifex rings and compared plants grown in soil with live microbes to plants grown in sterilised soil. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that emergence of T. basedowii seedlings was lower in live soil from inside the rings than in live soil from outside the rings. Further, seedling emergence in soil from inside the rings increased significantly in response to soil sterilisation. We found no significant difference in growth between sterile and live soils. However, this might be due to a lack of power caused by high rates of seedling mortality in all treatments. Overall, our study provides evidence for the role of soil pathogens in shaping this iconic Australian grass.
Pre-Columbian transregional captive rearing of Amazonian parrots in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Capriles José M. , Santoro Calogero M. , George Richard J. , Flores Bedregal Eliana , Kennett Douglas J. , Kistler Logan , Rothhammer Francisco
Published: March 2021

Significance

The brightly colored feathers of macaws, amazons, and other neotropical parrots were one of the most important symbols of wealth, power, and sacredness in the pre-Columbian Americas. Andean highland and coastal societies imported these exotic goods from Amazonian tropical forests by little-understood mechanisms of exchange. The study of 27 complete and partially mummified and skeletonized remains of at least six species of parrots from five archaeological sites in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile provides evidence that capturing, transporting, and keeping macaws, amazons, and conures as pets was part of this provisioning system, likely motivated by their significance for producing and representing relational wealth.
Invariant plastic deformation mechanism in paramagnetic nickel–iron alloys
Authors: Dong Zhihua , Li Wei , Schönecker Stephan , Jiang Bin , Vitos Levente
Published: March 2021

Significance

Peculiar materials properties, such as Invar anomalies, including low thermal expansion and anomalous temperature dependence of modulus of elasticity, had substantial academic and technical impact. Today both invariant effects are associated with the interplay between temperature and magnetic order and thus they are considered to be specific to magnetically ordered alloys. In this work, an invariant phenomenon manifesting in temperature-independent stacking fault energy is discovered in magnetically disordered Ni–Fe alloys. Based on our understanding of the atomic-level mechanisms behind this Invar anomaly, a similar invariant phenomenon is identified in other systems including nonmagnetic alloys. These findings advance the design of high-temperature alloys with exceptional plastic stability.
Provisional COVID-19 infrastructure induces large, rapid increases in cycling
Authors: Kraus Sebastian , Koch Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Significance

Active travel makes people healthier and creates a wide range of additional social and environmental benefits. The provision of dedicated infrastructure is considered a crucial policy to increase cycling. However, evaluating the impact of this type of intervention is difficult because infrastructure changes are typically slow. The rollout of so-called pop-up bike lanes during the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique empirical context to estimate the pull effect of new cycling infrastructure. We show that the policy has worked. We find large increases in cycling. This result is robust for a variety of empirical counterfactuals. Further research is needed to investigate whether this change is persistent and whether similar results can be achieved in situations outside the context of a pandemic.
Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug).
Authors: Dominiak Bernie , Gillespie Peter
Published: March 2021

C. ciliata, the sycamore lace bug, is a highly invasive pest insect of plane (sycamore) trees (Platanus sp.). It is likely that its spread is facilitated by human activity, particularly vehicles along major transport routes. Maceljski (1986) states that these insects are "good fliers", but most authors (e.g. Wade, 1917) suggest that their delicate wings make them weak fliers and that human activity is more likely to lead to the spread of this species. The occurrence of plane tree hosts will limit the distribution of C. ciliata, but as these trees are widely planted throughout the world in streets and parks as ornamental shade trees, there is considerable scope for their further advance.
Diaporthe helianthi (stem canker of sunflower).
Authors: Mathew Febina , Block Charles , Harveson Robert , Gulya Thomas , Ryley Mal , Thompson Susan , Markell Samuel
Published: March 2021

No effect of D. helianthi on wild Helianthus spp. in North America has been documented. Though the fungus could be said to have invaded Europe, its spread has probably been mediated by human activity rather than by natural means. In any case, sunflower is an annual exotic crop in Europe, planted in monoculture, and the disease has not affected the extent of sunflower cultivation. So D. helianthi cannot be said to be invasive.
Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: March 2021

Paspalum conjugatum is a vigorous, creeping perennial grass with long stolons and dense culms that may grow up to 1 m tall. It has been extensively introduced as a forage and lawn grass and it can now be found naturalized across tropical and subtropical regions. P. conjugatum tolerates high levels of disturbance and pollution, grows vigorously under partial shade, spreads easily by seeds and stolons, and can withstand acidic and low-nutrient soils. Once established, this grass behaves as an aggressive weed in active pastures and agricultural lands, but also in disturbed and undisturbed natural forests and grasslands. It forms a dense ground cover that competes with and inhibits the establishment of other plant species, including other grasses and crops. In the Pacific region, it has been stated that some native forests have become extinct due to this grass pest.
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Riches Charlie
Published: March 2021

The erect, profusely tillering annual grass R. cochinchinensis grows up to a height of 4 m or more and is extremely competitive with annual crops, readily invading disturbed sites along roads and railways. Commonly known as itchgrass, it has brace roots near the base of the plant, a cylindrical spikelet seedhead and siliceous hairs on the leaf sheath that can penetrate and irritate the skin. Individual plants produce 2000 to 16,000 seeds that are shed as soon as they mature. A native of Indo-China, it is naturalised throughout the tropics of Asia, and is found in north-eastern Australia and savannah zones of Africa. It has been introduced into tropical America, as a potential pasture grass in the USA in the early 1900s and since the 1960s has been spread widely by contaminated rice seed, agricultural equipment and along transport routes in Central and South America, the Caribbean, and in the Gulf Coast region of the USA. An aggressive, significant weed in more than 40 countries, R. cochinchinensis is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed in the USA, and is suggested by Vibrans (2009) to be possibly the most harmful invasive plant in Mexico.
Inhibition of macrophage histone demethylase JMJD3 protects against abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Davis Frank M. , Tsoi Lam C. , Melvin William J. , denDekker Aaron , Wasikowski Rachael , Joshi Amrita D. , Wolf Sonya , Obi Andrea T. , Billi Allison C. , Xing Xianying , Audu Christopher , Moore Bethany B. , Kunkel Steven L. , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Gallagher Katherine A.
Published: March 2021

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a life-threatening disease for which there is a lack of effective therapy preventing aortic rupture. During AAA formation, pathological vascular remodeling is driven by macrophage infiltration, and the mechanisms regulating macrophage-mediated inflammation remain undefined. Recent evidence suggests that an epigenetic enzyme, JMJD3, plays a critical role in establishing macrophage phenotype. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of human AAA tissues, we identified increased JMJD3 in aortic monocyte/macrophages resulting in up-regulation of an inflammatory immune response. Mechanistically, we report that interferon-β regulates Jmjd3 expression via JAK/STAT and that JMJD3 induces NF-κB–mediated inflammatory gene transcription in infiltrating aortic macrophages. In vivo targeted inhibition of JMJD3 with myeloid-specific genetic depletion (JMJD3f/fLyz2Cre+) or pharmacological inhibition in the elastase or angiotensin II–induced AAA model preserved the repressive H3K27me3 on inflammatory gene promoters and markedly reduced AAA expansion and attenuated macrophage-mediated inflammation. Together, our findings suggest that cell-specific pharmacologic therapy targeting JMJD3 may be an effective intervention for AAA expansion.
A generalized Hartle–Hawking wave function
Authors: Alexander Stephon , Herczeg Gabriel , Magueijo João
Published: March 2021

The Hartle–Hawking wave function is known to be the Fourier dual of the Chern–Simons or Kodama state reduced to mini-superspace, using an integration contour covering the whole real line. But since the Chern–Simons state is a solution of the Hamiltonian constraint (with a given ordering), its Fourier dual should provide a solution (i.e. beyond mini-superspace) of the Wheeler DeWitt equation representing the Hamiltonian constraint in the metric representation. We write down a formal expression for such a wave function, to be seen as the generalization beyond mini-superspace of the Hartle–Hawking wave function. Its explicit evaluation (or simplification) depends only on the symmetries of the problem, and we illustrate the procedure with anisotropic Bianchi models and with the Kantowski–Sachs model. A significant difference of this approach is that we may leave the torsion inside the wave functions when we set up the ansatz for the connection, rather than setting it to zero before quantization. This allows for quantum fluctuations in the torsion, with far reaching consequences.
Bandwidth and noise analysis of high-Q MEMS gyroscope under force rebalance closed-loop control
Authors: Bu Feng , Fan Bo , Xu Dacheng , Guo Shuwen , Zhao Heming
Published: March 2021

The force-to-rebalance (FTR) closed-loop detection method is commonly used to expand the bandwidth (BW) for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes with low-frequency split and high-quality factors. However, the relationship between the BW and output noise is often incompatible; thus, reducing the detection accuracy of the gyroscope. This paper presents an analysis of the BW and noise spectra under modulation-demodulation FTR gyroscopes. The expressions for the BW and the noise-equivalent rate (NER) spectrum are derived to explore the effects of the loop gain on the BW and NER. It is demonstrated that the gain of the amplifier circuit is maximally transferred to the vibration displacement signal conversion part, which can reduce the output noise without affecting the BW. The simulation and experimental results on the Cobweb-like disk resonator gyroscope show that the derived expressions of BW and NER are correct, and the noise optimization method is effective, which provides an idea for the realization of a high-precision MEMS gyroscope.
Optimization of x-ray lithography conditions for fabrication of large arrays of high-aspect-ratio submicron pores
Authors: Nazmov V , Goldenberg B , Vasiliev A , Asadchikov V
Published: March 2021

Patterning using a focused ionizing radiation beam provides a high spatial resolution but is not feasible when creating large arrays of microstructures. We propose the optimization of x-ray lithography parameters to create submicropores in a low-sensitivity material (polyethylene terephthalate) using a wide x-ray beam. This optimization results in the fabrication of regularly arranged micropores with a high aspect ratio (over 20) and diameters of up to 0.4 µm across a large substrate area (up to several square centimeters).
Scaling laws of the lifting height of a conductive particle in a gas insulated switchgear
Authors: Wang Zekun , Liu Moubin , Yang Xi
Published: March 2021

Conductive particles greatly impair the insulation integrity of a gas insulated switchgear (GIS). Factors including applied voltage, frequency of the alternating current, size and coefficient of restitution of the metallic particle, pressurized gas, and sizes of the GIS dramatically influence the particle dynamics. Previous investigations basically focused on certain scenarios, seldom considered the effects from coefficient of restitution, and did not provide universal laws for the particle dynamics. This paper proposes a dimensionless number that considers all the above-mentioned factors, and presents the scaling law between dimensionless mean/maximum lifting height of a charged particle in GIS and the proposed dimensionless number. It is believed that the scaling law together with the dimensionless number can provide guidance and shrink the parameter window for relevant investigations on the GIS with sparsely distributed conductive particles.
Rapid and sensitive detection of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde by a plasmonic nose
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Liu Zhengqi , Zhong Xuying , Liu Jing , Xiao Xiangheng , Jiang Changzhong
Published: March 2021

Rapid and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has a natural analyte recognition ability and can realize ultra-sensitive detection. Herein, we report a plasmonic nose based on a 3D-microneedle array coated with Ag nanoparticles for fast and ultrasensitive SERS detection of VOCs vapor. Since the surface of the 8.3 μm high microneedle is completely covered by ‘hot spots’, which can effectively slow down the diffusion of gas molecules, so as to ensure that the gas molecules are in full contact with ‘hot spots’, and then detected by the plasmonic nose. Experiments for gaseous 4-methylbenzenethiol detection with a fast responding time (as short as 1 s) are realized, and gaseous 4-ethylbenzaldehyde as a lung cancer marker is also captured with a 10 ppb limit of detection. The results demonstrate that the plasmonic nose is of great potential for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis.
Estimations of edge plasma and impurity performance on HL-2M with EMC3-EIRENE modelling
Authors: Liang Z , Dai S Y , Feng Y , Wang D Z
Published: March 2021

The three-dimensional edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE has been employed to investigate the edge plasma behavior and carbon impurity transport in the HuanLiuqi-2M (HL-2M) tokamak. It is found that the outboard divertor target has a narrower flux deposition width and therefore undergoes more intense peak heat flux than the inboard one. Detailed analyses of carbon impurity have been performed to obtain deeper insights into the mechanisms of edge impurity transport and mitigation of heat loads. As the increment in upstream density, a larger region in the intrinsic friction force dominant regime has been achieved in divertor region, while less impurity ionization source locates in the thermal force dominant region, and hence a better impurity screening has been obtained. The total power loss induced by carbon impurity shows no significant differences as the upstream density increases when it is higher than 1.5 × 1019 m−3, even though the total number of carbon ions in space obviously decreases. Further study on impacts of the impurity source locations has been performed. The carbon impurity eroded from the vertical part of the outboard target is likely to leak out into the upstream, which is attributed to that the region where the intrinsic friction force dominates is thin. On the other hand, the carbon impurity eroded from the inboard target and the horizontal part of the outboard target is under good control due to the wider region in the intrinsic friction force dominant regime.
Flow and heat transfer investigation of bio–convective hybrid nanofluid with triple stratification effects
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naveed , Ahmad Shafiq , Nadeem Sohail
Published: March 2021

The current study explored the bio-convective stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christove theory, viscous dissipation, and activation energy. The stratification and Thomson and Troian slip condition are applied on the boundary of a permeable vertical cylinder. The central idea of the present study is to boosting the thermal conductivity of fluid by immersed the nanoparticles (SWCNT, MWCNT) in the base liquid (Engine oil). The mathematical model is converted into the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations (PDEs). These coupled equations are manipulated with the help of a Bvp4c Matlab technique. The graphical illustration is presented via various emerging parameters. It is worth noticing that the porosity and velocity slip parameter lessen the velocity profile. Moreover, the comparison between simple and hybrid nanofluid is done by the tabulated date. It is showed that heat and mass transfer rate improved with the addition of hybrid nanofluid.
Minimal theory of isomerism- Q.Q and other interactions
Authors: Srivastava P C , Zamick L
Published: March 2021

We perform shell model calculations using a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction (Q.Q) in a single j shell space. We show that this one-parameter interaction is a good predictor of where nuclear isomerism occurs and where it does not occur. The limitations of this interaction are also discussed. We then include other interactions, e.g. in the

f

7

/

2

shell those obtained from the (local) spectrum of a two particle system and then from a two hole system. In the

g

9

/

2

where there is insufficient empirical data from the two hole system and so various empirical interactions are used.
Derivation and simulation of the M-lump solutions to two (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear equations
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing , Li Meng-Gang , Wang Fang
Published: March 2021

The N-rational solutions to two (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations are constructed by utilizing the long wave limit method. M-lump solutions to the two equations are derived by making some parameters conjugate to each other. We present and discuss the 1-, 2- and 3-lump solutions to the two equations. The amplitude and shape of the one lump wave remain unchanged during the propagation. The dynamic properties of the collisions among multiple lump waves are analyzed, which indicate that the fusion and fission of multiple lump waves might occur. The multiple lump waves might merge into one lump wave, then split into multiple lump waves. The lines which multiple lump waves follow are various if we choose different parameters. These results are helpful to describe some nonlinear phenomena in the areas of optics, fluid dynamics and plasma.
Small-scale CMB anisotropies induced by the primordial magnetic fields
Authors: Minoda Teppei , Ichiki Kiyotomo , Tashiro Hiroyuki
Published: March 2021

The primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) produced in the early
universe are expected to be the origin of the large-scale cosmic
magnetic fields. The PMFs are considered to leave a footprint on
the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies due to both the
electromagnetic force and gravitational interaction. In this paper,
we investigate how the PMFs affect the CMB anisotropies on smaller
scales than the mean-free-path of the CMB photons. We solve the
baryon Euler equation with Lorentz force due to the PMFs, and we
show that the vector-type perturbations from the PMFs induce the CMB
anisotropies below the Silk scale as ℓ > 3000. Based on our
calculations, we put a constraint on the PMFs from the combined CMB
temperature anisotropies obtained by Planck and South Pole Telescope
(SPT). We have found that the highly-resolved temperature
anisotropies of the SPT 2017 bandpowers at ℓ ≲ 8000
favor the PMF model with a small scale-dependence. As a result, the
Planck and SPT's joint-analysis puts a constraint on the PMF
strength normalized on the co-moving 1 Mpc scale as
B1Mpc < 1.5 nG with Planck and SPT at 95% C.L., while
B1Mpc < 3.2 nG only with the Planck data at 95% C.L.
We also discuss the effects on the cosmological parameter estimate
when including the SPT data and CMB anisotropies induced by the
PMFs.
Gravitational effects on oscillon lifetimes
Authors: Zhang Hong-Yi
Published: March 2021

Many scalar field theories with attractive self-interactions support exceptionally long-lived, spatially localized and time-periodic field configurations called oscillons (axion stars). A detailed study of their longevity is important for understanding their applications in cosmology. In this paper, we study gravitational effects on the decay rate and lifetime of dense oscillons, where self-interactions are more or at least equally important compared with gravitational interactions. As examples, we consider the α-attractor T-model of inflation and the axion monodromy model, where the potentials become flatter than quadratic at large field values beyond some characteristic field distance F from the minimum. For oscillons with field amplitudes of 𝒪(F) and for F ≪ 0.1 M
pl, we find that their evolution is almost identical to cases where gravity is ignored. For F ∼ 0.1 M
pl, however, including gravitational interactions reduces the lifetime slightly.
A 87Sr optical lattice clock with 2.9 × 10
−17 uncertainty and its absolute frequency measurement
Authors: Lin Yige , Wang Qiang , Meng Fei , Cao Shiying , Wang Yuzhuo , Li Ye , Sun Zhen , Lu Bingkun , Yang Tao , Lin Baike , Zhang Aimin , Fang Fang , Fang Zhanjun
Published: March 2021

We report the 87Sr optical lattice clock at NIM with a clock laser referenced to a 30 cm ULE cavity. Several improvements, such as the atomic temperature and density, the lattice laser frequency stabilization, the fiber noise cancellation, etc, have been made since its first evaluation in 2015. Its systematic frequency shifts are carefully evaluated with a total relative uncertainty of 2.9 × 10−17. The measured absolute frequency is 429 228 004 229 873.07(0.13) Hz with a relative uncertainty of 3.1 × 10−16, with reference to the ensemble of primary and secondary frequency standards published in the Circular T bulletin by BIPM through a satellite link.
Spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression around implanted silicon electrode arrays
Authors: Thompson Cort H , Saxena Akash , Heelan Nicholas , Salatino Joseph , Purcell Erin K
Published: March 2021

Objective. Intracortical brain interfaces are an ever evolving technology with growing potential for clinical and research applications. The chronic tissue response to these devices traditionally has been characterized by glial scarring, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and blood-brain barrier disruptions. The full complexity of the tissue response to implanted devices is still under investigation. Approach. In this study, we have utilized RNA-sequencing to identify the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns in interfacial (within 100 µm) and distal (500 µm from implant) brain tissue around implanted silicon microelectrode arrays. Naïve, unimplanted tissue served as a control. Main results. The data revealed significant overall differential expression (DE) in contrasts comparing interfacial tissue vs naïve (157 DE genes), interfacial vs distal (94 DE genes), and distal vs naïve tissues (21 DE genes). Our results captured previously characterized mechanisms of the foreign body response, such as astroglial encapsulation, as well as novel mechanisms which have not yet been characterized in the context of indwelling neurotechnologies. In particular, we have observed perturbations in multiple neuron-associated genes which potentially impact the intrinsic function and structure of neurons at the device interface. In addition to neuron-associated genes, the results presented in this study identified significant DE in genes which are associated with oligodendrocyte, microglia, and astrocyte involvement in the chronic tissue response. Significance. The results of this study increase the fundamental understanding of the complexity of tissue response in the brain and provide an expanded toolkit for future investigation into the bio-integration of implanted electronics with tissues in the central nervous system.
Backward bifurcation analysis on Tuberculosis disease transmission with saturated treatment
Authors: Aldila Dipo , Saslia Besya Raisna , Gayarti Wed , Tasman Hengki
Published: March 2021

In this research article, the authors intend to introduced an SEI (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious) Tuberculosis model to consider the limitation of medical resources using a saturated treatment function. This is important to analyze the effect of hospital capacity in the success of Tuberculosis prevention strategy. Mathematical analysis was conducted to determine and analyze the existence and local stability criteria for equilibrium points, and how they related to the basic reproduction number of the model. The stability criteria of the endemic equilibrium point were analyzed using the center manifold theory. Our analysis showed that the saturated treatment rate might lead our proposed model to exhibit backward bifurcation at a basic reproduction number equal to one, and this phenomena appears related to the size of the treatment saturated parameter. Local sensitivity analysis was given to give a suggestion about how to avoid the occurrence of backward bifurcation phenomena. To support our analytical results, some simulations were presented at the end of the work.
Application of Mean Shift Clustering to optimize matching problems in ridesharing for maximize the total number of match
Authors: Sadewo H , Satria Y , Burhan H
Published: March 2021

The ridesharing system One of the solution can reduce the use of private vehicles so as to reduce congestion. The problem that happened with this ridesharing system is the matching problem between the driver and the passenger (rider). Mean shift clustering will be used in this paper as the first step in optimizing the matching problem in ridesharing. Mean shift clustering is a method of grouping spatial data by iteratively assigning data points to groups by shifting points to mode (mode is the highest density of data points in the region, in the context of mean-shift). So that with clustering it will be easier and more effective in pairing drivers and passengers optimally. After the clustering results are obtained, the driver and passenger will be paired based on the objective function of maximizing the number of pairs that occur (match). The basic idea of this objective function is to find the maximum number of match to do ridesharing. With the help of the Hopcroft Karp algorithm, can find a solution for the maximum number of match to do ridesharing.
Digital text and digital image encryption and steganography method based on SIYu map and least significant bit
Authors: Satria Y , Suryadi MT , Cahyadi D J
Published: March 2021

This paper focus on keeping data and information confidentiality on digital image based on chaotic system. In this paper, we use the unmodified SIYu map for the encryption and embedding process and use 3-3-2 LSB insertion method to embed data to cover image. This paper will show how is the result of encryption process and embedding process using SIYu map. Furthermore, we will show our algorithm performance based on randomness of sequence generated by SIYu map with NIST test and entropy test, histogram analysis, goodness of fit test, quality of the stego image, quality of decrypted data, initial value sensitivity, and key space. The results show encrypted data is uniformly distributed; sequence generated by SIYu map passes all NIST test and entropy test, which means the generated sequence is random; stego image have a good quality, it can be seen from the correlation coefficient and PSNR value more than 40 dB; decrypted data has the same quality as the original data; initial value sensitivity reaches 10−16; key space reaches 2.56 × 1094; and add noises can be optional to increase data confidentiality. For the conclusion, our algorithm can be used to keeping data and information confidentiality on digital image.
Development of reuse module on stowage planning system using CBR for multiport route
Authors: Pramesti N L A , Mukhlash I , Nugroho S
Published: March 2021

Stowage planning is an activity of containers arrangement on container vessels. A good and fast container setup requires a piece of software that can help planner’s performance especially for multiport cases. The Case Based Reasoning method (CBR) can be used to implement software in order to produce a container setup based on pre-existing setups. The Case Based Reasoning method discussed in this paper is focused on the reuse phase by designing the Similarity algorithm, Container Loading List adaptation algorithms as well as the restow evaluation algorithm. The set of algorithms is used to automatically produce a container setup at each port in one voyage and display the number of restow and many containers that experience loading and unloading in one voyage so as to assist the performance of the planner in every port. The results of this study can also be analysed for the workload of planners where the smaller the case base population, manual swaps performed on average more than 70% of the total containers on the ship.
Determination of Basic Reproduction Numbers using Transition Intensities Multi-state SIRD Model for COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Zuhairoh F , Rosadi D , Effendie A R
Published: March 2021

The most important quantity in infectious disease epidemiology is the basic reproduction number (R
0). R
0 is the expected value of the number of infections per unit time. This paper aims to model the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia using the multi-state SIRD model and then determine the transition intensities to construct R
0. The estimation of the transition intensity uses the maximum likelihood approach with the assumption of a homogeneous time Markov chain with an exponential distribution of transition intensity and the number of transitions in a Poisson distribution. The results of the transition intensity estimation are used to construct R
0 with the next generation matrix method. From the multi-state SIRD model, the largest transition is shown in the individual healing process, namely the movement from an infected to susceptible state, while the smallest transition is the transition from susceptible to dead. The R
0 obtained is 1.079708 (> 1) meaning that the number of individuals infected with COVID-19 will increase until it reaches a stable point. Transition intensities is an effective way of determining R
0 where the dynamics of disease transmission depends on the number of individuals transition between states and the total waiting time in a certain state. R
0 > 1 states that the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not been over yet.
Control design of motion of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with Active Ballast using Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Mardlijah  , Chandra A , Adzkiya D
Published: March 2021

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is an unmanned submarine that is currently being developed. In this research, a sliding mode controller will be designed to adjust the following motion of an AUV: surge, heave and yaw. We developed a mathematical model for an AUV with active ballast at a certain depth. The results showed that the hitting time for surge, heave, yaw motions is less than 12.7 seconds, 9.8 seconds and 6.9 seconds, respectively. Steady state error on surge, heave and yaw motion is less than 0.0003%, 0.0005% and 0.0003%. Finally, overshoot of the response of each motion is 0%.
Inventory Control Problems with Exponential and Quadratic Demand considering Weibull Deterioration
Authors: Setiawan Raka Iswara Prathama , Lesmono Julius Dharma , Limansyah Taufik
Published: March 2021

Supplies are goods stored for use or sale in the future. In reality, it is often found that stored goods can experience deterioration (in terms of value/quality), that is to say goods are damaged, and have a limited service life (becoming expired), such as those found in food products, medicines, chemicals, and others. These factors are important ones that the seller needs to be aware of so as to ensure that the goods he stores are in good condition. Another aspect that cannot be ignored in the management of goods inventory is the demand from consumers, which is dynamic in nature. In this paper, a mathematical model will be developed considering Weibull deterioration for exponential demand and quadratic demand with shortages of time-dependent goods. Based on the results and sensitivity analysis conducted, it was found that the total cost of inventory will increase in accordance with the level of demand and the level of deterioration of goods.
The making of chemistry chess media for colloid material
Authors: Maulana A , Sari S , Subarkah C Z
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study is to provide a summary of the steps in making the Chemistry Chess media on the concept of colloids. Descriptive research method is used to analyse the steps in making Chem-Chess media on the concept of colloids through flowcharts and storyboards. Flowcharts and storyboards are described based on the steps of making Chem-Chess media on the colloid concept. This research produces a learning media that needs to be applied to the concept of colloids by providing an instruction book as well as 3 types of knowledge cards, question cards, and challenge cards, which correspond to them at different cognitive levels. The colloid concept used contains learning indicators that are determined in general. With some equipment from chemistry chess media, it can be said that this research produced media that has the potential and suitable to be applied during the learning process on the colloid concept.
Fast pyrolysis corn husk for bio-oil production
Authors: Maulinda L , Husin H , Arahman N , Rosnelly C M , Andau E , Lestari W , Karo-Karo J
Published: March 2021

The fast pyrolysis of corn husk was studied by using a tube pyrolysis unit. This research aimed to produce bio-oil from corn husk through a fast pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition process of biomass at high temperatures with the absence of oxygen. The products in pyrolysis combustion are solids (bio-char), liquids (bio-oil), and gases. The major factors to get excellent products of pyrolysis are temperature and time. The corn husk was dried at 105 °C in the oven to reduce water content. The dried sample was burned at temperatures of 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C by flushing the nitrogen gas inside the tube for two h. The highest yield of bio-oil was reached of 33.3% at a temperature of 400 °C. Bio-oil characteristics such as density (1.007 gr/ml) and viscosity (0.9625 cSt) were observed. The composition of bio-oil was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Its composition was composed of hydrocarbons such as acids, furfural, phenols, and ketones.
Biodiesel production over potassium carbon-supported solid-based catalyst
Authors: Nasution F , Husin H , Mahidin M , Nurhazanah N , Pontas K , Koto M R , Ikhsan K
Published: March 2021

Catalytic biodiesel production from vegetable oil and methanol using K2O/C has been studied. The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of a K2O/C catalyst for biodiesel production at varied of K2CO3 loading. The activated carbon-based from rice husk were fabricated via pyrolysis route. The catalyst were formed by depositing active phase K2CO3 (10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%) on the carbon surface for comparative purposes. To better understand of the impregnation effects, particle size, surface topography, and atom composition, the catalysts were analyzed by Scanning Electron Miscroscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Biodiesel was produced via transesterification reaction. The reaction was carried out during 90 minutes at 65°C using 4wt% of the catalyst and methanol to oil molar ratio 10:1. The highest yield of biodiesel was reached of 96.62% at K2O loading of 50% on carbon-based rice husk. The use of K2O/C as catalysts enhance the purity of the product (carbon-based effect). The characterization of biodiosel, such as viscosity, density, and acid number were evaluated to confirm the purpose of catalyst function. The biodiesel characterization showed in the range with SNI standard.
Bonding performance of CFRP plate and concrete with soft layer system
Authors: Bahsuan R , Hino S , Komori A
Published: March 2021

The use of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) plate to strengthen RC (Reinforced Concrete) structure has become popular, nowadays. Meanwhile, bonding behavior between CFRP plate and concrete is an important issue in application. Many research works had been done to improve the bonding performance of this method. In prior study, it was reported that the bond strength could be increased by increasing the stiffness of CFRP or using a soft adhesive layer with a small shear stiffness. With this assumption, the bond strength will be enhanced by putting a soft layer (polyurea) between CFRP plate and usual adhesive (epoxy). To obtain the complete view of bonding behavior of CFRP plate-concrete, a double face tensile test setup was conducted in this research. Both high modulus type and high tension type of CFRP plate with soft layer and without soft layer were tested. CFRP plate used in this study had a thick of 1mm, 2mm and 4mm, respectively, and had a width of 50mm for all specimens. The results showed that soft layer system has a big influence for high tension type.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete performance with addition of nylon fiber
Authors: Munadrah M , Irmawaty R , Muhiddin A B
Published: March 2021

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a plastic concrete that is easy to flow because of its own weight, fulfils all the desired concrete molds, and has the properties to compose itself. Very suitable applied to conventional concrete construction work that has a large specific gravity and compaction or vibration of concrete is needed. The purpose of compaction itself is to minimize the air trapped in fresh concrete, hence the concrete becomes homogeneous and voids do not occur. To increase the flexural strength of concrete, the addition of nylon fibers can be a solution. Nylon fiber is a material with polymer fibers that have fiber, film and plastic properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete with the addition of nylon fiber. The percentage of nylon fiber addition of 0.5% and 1% of the weight of cement with a diameter of 0.35 mm and 0.65 mm and a length of 15 mm and 20 mm. With the addition of 1% nylon fiber, compressive strength increases 126% in variation of 0.65 mm diameter and L = 15 mm, tensile strength increases 56.27% in variations diameter of 0.65 mm and a fiber length of 20 mm and flexural strength increases 5.390% in variations a diameter 0.65 mm in the length of 20 mm. The diameter, length and volume of the addition of nylon fibers affect the concrete mechanical behavior. It is proven that the greater the diameter of the nylon and the percentage of the addition of nylon can increase the strength of concrete.
Road engineering with traffic operating facilities at black spot for motorcycle on the road
Authors: Farida I , Kusnawan A A , Mulyana S , Roestaman R , Zafirah A
Published: March 2021

Transportation cannot separate from the needs of roads and vehicles. Users of motorists and road accidents are increasing, one of them because it has ignored by road facilities that support blackspots. The purpose of the research is to identify blackspots for motorcycles and determine the completeness of road facilities in traffic operations. The research methods include handling the blackspot location based on the number of accidents using the Accident Equivalent Number method and the weighted method. The results can be five blackspots, namely Ngamplang, Ngamplangsari, Penclut, Cimaragas, Dan Sawahlega. Accident handling at the traffic operation facility by Installing signs and markings that refer to vehicle speed and visibility of vehicle downtime.
Safety cost component development of risk-based standardized work breakdown structure to determine safety cost on road construction project (Case study: At-grade road works)
Authors: Bernessa R A , Latief Y
Published: March 2021

The last five years in Indonesia, the toll road construction project has become one of the most massive developments. However, the number of work accidents has also increased 54.5% of the number of construction accidents came from toll road projects between 2017 and 2019. This results in significant losses such as loss of life, time, and cost. Safety construction is still hampered from the budget side. Many contractors only apply basic occupational health safety and ignore hazard prevention training during construction in order to save costs and increase profits. The aspect that can improve working safety conditions is the availability of a decent budget and specifically allocated for the implementation of occupational health and safety in construction projects. An accurate budget for construction safety costs can be prepared using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. ABC method can provide information on neglected cost items in the construction method. So the safety cost information on road construction projects can be available accurately starting from defining work activities based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The WBS is compiled into a safety plan, after that the safety plan is developed and translated into components of the safety costs needed in construction projects.
The influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as Portland Composite Cement (PCC) substitution in improving compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Raafidiani R , Sumargo S , Permana R
Published: March 2021

Concrete is a construction material that is extensively used to build various Infrastructures. The increasing of basic human facilities and the resulting Infrastructures in increasing needs of concrete and cement concrete as the material forming. Many problems in the concrete producing industry are not sustainable. Because of concrete production uses enormous natural resources and the main binding material in concrete is cement. Cement is the result of calcination of lime roomates in the process results in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2). To mitigate this problem and for sustainability concrete, many researches have been done to find a replacement for cement. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to reduce part of cement. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) that consist of silica and alumina can be used as a binder to replace part of the Portland Composite Cement (PCC). In this study, concrete compressive strength tests were carried out on 48 specimens of concrete cylinder 15x30 cm. The ratio of substitution GGBFS/PCC used were 0/100, 40/60, 50/50 and 60/40. The specimens were cured at room temperature then tested at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results show that the average compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days that GGBFS/PCC ratio of 0/100, 40/60, 50/50 and 60/40 were 26.50, 23.01, 26.65 and 22.56 MPa, respectively. Based on the analysis, 50% substitution of GGBFS can be used to partially replace cement because has the same as normal compressive strength of concrete and can be classified as environmentally friendly or green concrete.
Dominant factors from the positive impact of competency certificate ownership
Authors: Widiasanti I , Anisah A , Darussyafa H , Lenggogeni L , Saleh R , Hermawan H , Mulyono T
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the perception of skilled construction workers in the craftsman field regarding the positive impact felt after having a work competency certificate. Based on data, there are a number of skilled construction workers in the craftsman who have a work competency certificate which is still very minimal. Even though work competency certificates can have a positive impact on construction workers who have them. In this study carried out with quantitative methods by analyzing the results of perceptions of respondents. This study was conducted at a highrise building project in the city of South Jakarta, namely the Cithaland Tower project, Alamanda Tower, Dharmawangsa Office Tower. The total number of respondents from the 3 projects to be studied is 44 people. The results of this study indicate that respondents feel that the ownership of a work competency certificate has several positive impacts in working in the construction services sector. In this study respondents’ perceptions were measured through four indicators, namely work motivation, work productivity, work ability and competitiveness. Of the four indicators there is one of the most dominant indicators according to respondents, namely the indicator of Work Motivation with a percentage of 26.44%.