bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheese Structure
Authors: Liu Hui Ping , Wei Feng Ru , Wei Yong Hua , Dong Jin , Cao Chun Ling
Published: December 2011

Milk samples with low (L-SCC, 130,000/ml), medium (M-SCC, 1,040,000/ml) and high(H-SCC, 3,120,000/ml) Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) were obtained from a dairy farm. In order to evaluate the quality’s changes of Low-fat mozzarella cheese with different SCC during ripening period, the change of texture properties, microstructure were measured. With the increase of somatic cells in milk, the structure of the cheese became worse.
Effect of Thermal Oxidation Temperature on Rutile Structure Formation of Biomedical TiZrNb Alloy
Authors: Izman S. , Shah A. , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Nazim E. M. , Anwar Mahmood , Hassan M. A. , Safari Habib
Published: December 2011

Wear debris and metal ion release generated during application of biomedical devices would cause adverse cellular response, inflammation and pain in the human body. Modifying of implant surface with rutile structure is one of the methods to reduce these problems. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of thermal oxidation temperature on surface morphology and structure of the Ti13Nb13Zr biomedical material. The substrates were heated at varied temperatures of 550°C, 700°C and 850°C for 9 hours and cooled inside muffle furnace at a constant rate of 5oC/min. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractive were employed to evaluate the surface morphology and analyze the structure of the oxidized substrates respectively. All thermally oxidized samples exhibit the presence of oxides without spallation regardless of the thermal oxidation temperatures. Surface morphology of oxidized substrates changes from smooth to nodular particles-like shape when the oxidation temperature increases from low to high. Rutile structure dominants the surface area when the substrate is thermally oxidized at 850 °C.
Elaboration of an Electroporation Protocol for Lactobacillus brevis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cheng Kun , Gao Qiang , Gao Nian Fa
Published: December 2011

A detailed electroporation protocol had been established for Lactobacillus brevis TCCC13007. To optimize the conditions for electroporation ofL. brevis TCCC13007, anE.coli-Lactobacillusshuttle vector, pMG36e-1 was used. Several experiments that involved manipulation of cell wall weakening agent, electric field strength, electroporation buffer, concentration of transforming plasmid were carried out. Treatment of the recipient L. brevis TCCC13007 with 2% glycine in the growth medium for 3 h improved transformation efficiency. Other electroporation parameters were an electric field strength of 10 kv/cm and plasmid concentration of 0.9 μg. The presence of sorbitol in the electroporation buffer improved the transformation efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the transformation efficiency was up to 5.1×104transformants per μg of pMG36e-1. The L. brevis TCCC13007 was also transformed by other plasmids such as pMG36e, pMG36e-2, pGK12, pLP825, pLP82H, respectively. The ability to electroporate plasmid DNA provided a tool forLactobacillus’s molecular bioengineering to improve their industrial performance.
Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites
Authors: Huang Hai Bing , Du Hu Hu , Wang Wei Hong , Wang Hai Gang
Published: December 2011

In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.
Functional Study of AcoX, an Unknown Protein Involved in Acetoin Catabolism
Authors: Xiao Zi Jun , Huang Yun Ling , Zhu Xian Kun , Qiao Shu Ling
Published: December 2011

The function of AcoX, encoded by acoX existing in aco clusters which are responsible for acetoin catabolism in some microbes from the Kingdoms of Bacteria and Archaea, remained unknown till today. Although some AcoXs were annotated as ATP-NAD kinases in bioinformatics databases, AcoXs were found to form an independent family during evolution in this study. By bioinformatic analysis and molecular comparison, AcoX was postulated to have the catalytic function of acetoin phosphorylation. The AcoX from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was expressed in Escherichia coli using the pET28a vector. The His-tagged AcoX was purified and digested by thrombin. The deconvolution of circular dichroism spectra using K2d algorithm indicates a >28% and >14% content for alpha and beta structures in AcoX, respectively. But unfortunately, not only the activities of NAD kinase, pyruvate kinase, and methylglyoxal synthase, but also the postulated enzymatic activity of acetoin kinase was not detected under all the conditions studied.
Gaseous and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Performances of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Mg20-xLaxNi10(x=0-6) Alloys Prepared by Melt-Spinning
Authors: Ren Hui Ping , Li Bao Wei , Zhang Yin , Pang Zai Guang , Hou Zhong Hui , Zhang Yang Huan
Published: December 2011

The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type Mg20-xLaxNi10 (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by melt-spinning technology. The microstructures and hydrogen storage performances of the alloys were characterized. The results show that no amorphous phase is detected in the as-spun La-free alloy, but the as-spun alloys substituted by La hold a major amorphous phase, confirming that the substitution of La for Mg increases the glass forming ability of the Mg2Ni-type alloy. Melt-spinning remarkably improves the hydrogen storage performances of the alloys. When the spinning rate increases from 0 (As-cast was defined as spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 30 m/s, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the alloy (x = 2) at 200°C and 1.5 MPa in 10 min rises from 1.26 to 2.60 wt%, and its electrochemical discharge capacity grows from 197.2 to 406.5 mAh/g at a current density of 20 mA/g.
Grey Comprehensive Assessment Based on the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Cities Residents Travel Force of the Potential
Authors: Yang De Yun , Luo Yan , Yang Xiang
Published: December 2011

The judge of the power that residents travel potentially is a very complex process.The article contains the consumption capacity , the level of consumption, the level of traffic and structural factors such as the residents of four indicators of potential travel force, through the use of Grey comprehensive evaluation method to study the urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River city residents travel the force potential, and its classified analysis, and finally makes some measures and suggestions that upgrade potential residents of the Yangtze River city group travel force .
Impacts of Nitrogen (Urea) Fertilization on Cadmium Accumulation Nitrate Contents and Nutritive Values in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Zhao Li , Wang Fei Juan , Yang Hui , Duan Yu Xing , Zhu Chen
Published: December 2011

Pot-mode cultivation experiments were carried out to study the impacts of nitrogen（urea）fertilization in different level on Cadmium (Cd) accumulation, nitrate contents and nutritive values in Chinese cabbage, The results showed that: at different level of Cd artificial enriched soil, with applied urea increased, the accumulation of Cd in edible part of Chinese cabbage gradually decreased. Nitrate Contents in edible part have a positive correlation with the concentration of Cd in soil and the nitrogen fertilizer applied. In the natural soil (with contaminated Cd in concentration of 0.18 mg/kg), when the urea was fertilized by 255 kg/hm2 to 330 kg/hm2, Cd and nitrate contents of edible parts of cabbage were within the national food security limits, which could guarantee the food security of Chinese cabbage. Increasing nitrogen fertilization in the form of urea has a certain effect on amino acids contents but little effect on soluble sugar contents in Chinese cabbage, when the concentration of urea was 320 kg/hm2, amino acids contents of cabbage reached the highest level of 355 mg/kg1. Increasing nitrogen fertilization could lower down the contents of water-soluble Cd and the available Cd in soil, thereby reduce the absorption of Cd by Chinese cabbage. To a certain extent, increasing nitrogen fertilization could increase the food security of Chinese cabbage.
Levofloxacin Release, Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity Studies on a Novel Wound Dressing
Authors: Guan Jing , Dong Li Zhi , Huang Shu Jie , Li Wei Hong , Li Zhi Hong , Wu Ji Min , Jing Miao Lei , Zhang Xi Zheng
Published: December 2011

A novel functional material was fabricated by combining levofloxacin microspheres with viscose nonwoven fabrics. The complex microspheres were made by w/o emulsion crosslinking technique. The morphologies of both microspheres and fabric composite were investigated by SEM. The drug release property was evaluated by UV. The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were tested by spread plate and cell culture method. The results showed that the microspheres had spherical shape and could be embedded into the viscose fabrics. The levofloxacin was released gradually within 168 hours and its release kinetics corresponded to diffusion-relaxation model. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the fabric was increased with prolonged drug releasing time and the complex fabrics had no obvious cytotoxicity. The functional material has great potential to be used as a wound dressing with antibacterial property.
Lipid Extraction from Microalgae Scendesmus dimorphus by Wet-Milling Process Using Response Surface Approach
Authors: Shen Ying , Yuan Wen Qiao
Published: December 2011

The objective of this study was to understand the effect of biomass concentration (BC), milling times (MT) and volumetric hexane to water ratio (HWR) on lipid recovery rate of microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus in the wet milling process. A second-order response surface regression model (R2>95%) was developed based on a three-variable five-level experiment using the Central Composite Design method. Modeling results indicated that HWR (Pr<0.001) and BC (Pr<0.01) significantly affected lipid recovery rate. The optimum settings were found to be 21.2 g l-1BC, 4 MT and 0.70 HWR, at which 98.5% of lipids were recovered. The results indicated that the wet grinding mill was effective in lipid recovery fromS. dimorphus.
Over-Expression of a NAD-Malic Enzyme Gene from Rice in Arabidopsis thaliana Confers Tolerances to Several Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Shen Kui , Yang Chuan Ping
Published: December 2011

In order to investigate the role of a rice NAD-malic enzyme gene (OsNAD-ME1) under different abiotic stresses, OsNAD-ME1 was constructed into plant expression vector and transformed into Agrobacterium for infecting Arabidopsis thaliana. There were higher transcriptional levels of OsNAD-ME1 in homozygous transgenic lines compared with WT plants as well as higher NAD-ME activity. WT and transgenic Arabidopsis were treated with NaCl, NaHCO3, mannitol and H2O2. And then their root lengths, crown widths and fresh weights were measured and compared. The results showed that over-expression of OsNAD-ME1 in transgenic Arabidopsis increased the resistance to abiotic stresses, which indicated that OsNAD-ME1 was related to stress tolerance.
Parameter Optimization of Classroom Energy-Saving Controller Based on Fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yi Zhong , Chen Jun , Wang Li Li , Meng Qing Xin
Published: December 2011

In order to save electric energy for classroom lighting in universities, energy-saving controllers are used to control turning-on and turning-off of lights in a classroom based on the illumination intensity and the usage conditions of the classroom. Three parameters for an energy-saving controller, namely turning-on threshold, turning-off threshold, and delaying time, should be set before usage, which is usually done based on a user’s experience. In this paper, for optimizing the parameters, a multi-objective optimization model for an energy-saving controller is established. Then, fuzzy logic is used to optimize the parameters. In this way, an energy-saving controller can be used well.
Physiological Responses of Kuerle Fragrant Pear Fruit to Different Atmospheres in Storage
Authors: Chen Guo Gang , Jiang Ying , Chen Zheng Xing
Published: December 2011

Kuerle fragrant pear (Pyrus serotina Reld) were stored in different controlled atmospheres (4-6 % O2 plus 2-4 % CO2) and air control at -1~0 °C to determine the effects of different O2 and CO2 atmospheres on physiology, quality and decay during storage. The results indicated that CA-I inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced total phenol content, prevented peel browning and decreased fruit decay in comparison with CA-II and air control at -1~0 °C, and more effectively reduced ethanol production in the flesh and maintained peel green color and extended storage life of Kuerle fragrant pear by comparison with CA- II treatment and air control at -1~0 °C treatment.
Pile Dwelling Culture of the Concrete - the Preliminary Explore of Pile Dwelling-Style in Sipsong Panna
Authors: Na Li , Hu Rui Bo , Li Wu Jian , Ye Xi
Published: December 2011

Nowadays , the problems of inheriting and protection resident constructions more and more obvious , by analysing the form and meaning of construction , the common tendency of the form of constructions are indicated . When analysing the structure, form, and decorating of construction, and solving the problems of bamboo Pile dwelling (Dwelling of this style were built on stilts), from above them, the decoration of the development and the form of construction of the new Dai model are concluded. However, the civil construction in Sipsong panna which are regarded as the symbol of local culture, exploiting its inner meaning ,refining its elements of ethnic group, is quite significant to the heritage and protection of the designation and forms of of constructions.
Factors Influencing Acousto-Ultrasonic Approach to Impact Damage in Composite Materials
Authors: Kong Huan Ping , Zhang Zheng , Li Li Fei
Published: December 2011

This paper studied factors influencing AU detection results on different damage specimens, including simulation frequency, transducer modes and transducer location. Correlation between acousto-ultrasonic parameters (AUP1, AUP2) and impact damage severity in composite was investigated. The results showed that as damage severity increased, AUP1 and AUP2 of three different transducers decreased. Applying low frequency transducer, the variation of AUP1 may indicate a more rapid detection prospect. In addition, applying S1-transducer and WD-transducer, AUP2 was more effective for the early damage detection. Varying transducer’s location, S1-transducer applying 500khz simulation frequency presented a valuable results.
Study on Optimization of the Culture Conditions for Four Rhodopseudomonas spp.
Authors: Xu Cheng Bin , Sun Xue Kai , Li Yao Yao , Wang Yan Gang , Meng Xue Lian
Published: December 2011

Rhodopseudomonas sp. could be used in wastewater treatment and aquiculture, extensively. Four photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spp., QDS2, QDS3, QDS4 and QDS9, were isolated and screened from the bottom sludge of Qingdao coast. In order to get a mass of PSB, we successfully optimized the culture conditions of four strains by orthogonal experiment and obtained the best culture conditions. The research could provide the bases for the applying of high-effective PSB (Rhodopseudomonas sp).
Application of Hydrolytic Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer in Denim Cellulase Washing
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Xiang Rong
Published: December 2011

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of anti-backstaining agent. The copolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride(SMA) was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization using benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as initiator, toluene as solvent, the hydrolytic styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (HSMA) was obtained by hydrolysis with Sodium hydroxide solution, the structure of HSMA was characterized by FI-IR. The HSMA was employed as anti-backstaining agent in the process of denim cellulase washing. The results showed that HSMA had little effect on the enzyme activity, the HSMA had excellent anti-backstaining capability, the effect of anti-backstaining increased with content of maleic anhydride in the copolymer increasing.
Study on Hydrothermal Synthesis of Chalcone
Authors: Xie Kun , Luo Chen Xi , Sun Pei Pei , Zhang Xiao Long , Qiao Shu
Published: December 2011

The Claisen-Schmidt condenstion between benzaldehyde and acetophenone has been carried out under hydrothermal conditions. The traditional weak base sodium carbonate and four common metals or metal oxides in laboratory were chosen to catalyze this reaction. The comparative study showed that Na2CO3, Zn, ZnO are three good catalysts for hydrothermal synthesis of chalcone, and the reaction conditions were optimized.
Synthesis of Four New Ester Compounds from 4-Ethyloctanoic Acid
Authors: Liu Yu Ping , Guan Wei , Miao Zhi Wei , Sun Bao Guo
Published: December 2011

Benzyl 4-ethyloctanoate was synthesized by the reaction of 4-ethyloctanoyl chloride with benzyl alcohol, and its synthesis conditions were optimized. The yield of benzyl 4-ethyloctanoate was about 93%. Based on the synthesis of benzyl 4-ethyloctanoate, phenethyl 4-ethyloctanoate, phenylpropanol 4-ethyloctanoate and cinnamyl 4-ethyloctanoate were prepared. The odor evaluations indicate that these four new ester compounds have floral and sweet note. These ester compounds have relatively high molecular weights and can be used as fixing agent to prolong the fragrance compounds lifetime.
Study on Refining Technology for Cleanliness Steel
Authors: Zhang Min , Zeng Jian Hua , Pan Hong
Published: December 2011

In order to meet the requirement of industrial production of cleanliness steel, studies on desulphurization, deoxidization and inclusion control have been carried out. On this basis, comprehensive technologies of ladle slag control have been proposed. And these technologies are used in the production of 27CrMoNbV steel, which meet the requirement of cleanliness steel production with T[O]≤15×10-6，[S]≤0.005%, and level of inclusion not more than 1.0 as well.
Decomposition of Copper-Amino Acid Complexes by Ferrous Sulfide
Authors: Jia Gen Guang , Ling Xin , Zheng You Guang , Zhang Ling , Li Sai , Gou Ling Shan , Liu Yi
Published: December 2011

A facile synthesis of side-chain protected amino acid via ferrous sulfide as the copper sequestering reagent is presented. The copper in the amino acid complex was reacted to form insoluble cupric sulfide and the free amino acid was released. This method is convenient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly compared to the currently used methods.
Optimization of Linoleic Acid from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Quan Yi , Du Kai Feng , Jia Chun Mei , Li Xue , Yao Shun , Song Hang
Published: December 2011

Linoleic acid (LA) was extracted and purified from Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var. vestita Diels (IPMVVD) oil by urea adduction fractionation, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully employed to optimize the process. The optimal conditions for puriﬁcation of LA from mixed fatty acids by urea adduction fractionation were as follows: a weight ratio of 4.4:1.0:1.0 (w/w/w) of methanol/urea/mixed fatty acids, a temperature of -5°C and a time of 24.6 h, respectively. Under these conditions the experimental LA yield (48.65%) agreed with the predicted value and the purity of LA was 98.74%.
Synthesis of Chiral Tridentate Ligands Embodying the Bispidine Framework and their Application in the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Yue Cheng , Gao Jing Yuan , Shi Nai Yue , Zhao Ji Quan
Published: December 2011

Several new chiral tridentate ligands with the bispidine moiety were synthesized from N-alkyl bispidines and chiral amino (or hydroxyl) acids. The synthesized ligands were used as catalysts in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to several aromatic aldehydes and an aliphatic aldehyde. High yield and enantioselectivity were received in the cases of aromatic aldehydes as substrates especially when the employed chiral ligand has a hydroxyl group attached to the chiral center. The effect of the structure, the amount of tridentate chiral ligands, solvent and temperature on the enantioselectivity of the addition products were studied. A possible mechanism for the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes in the presence of bispidine-derived ligands were proposed based upon the catalytic reaction results and referred to the mechanisms proposed for other reaction systems in literatures.
Numerical Simulation and Parameter Optimization of Cam’s Fine Blanking Process
Authors: Long An , Ge Rui , Zhang Yi Sheng , Pan Li Bo
Published: December 2011

To conclude the mechanics of fine blanking, the numerical simulation model of a cam’s fine blanking process was established, the forming process was simulated by DEFORM-3D software, the deform principle was summarized. Then the effect of three key processing parameters such as gap between punch and die, pressure-pad-force/counter force, serrated ring postion to fine blanking quality were researched, optimized parameters in fine blanking were gained.
OD-Characterization of the Symmetric Group S28
Authors: Yan Yan Xiong
Published: December 2011

It is proved that the symmetric group S28 is characterized by its order and degree pattern. In fact, S28 is 3-fold OD-characterizable.
Wood Pulp Fibers Grafted with Polyacrylamide through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xiu Mei , Ji Jian Feng , Tang Yan Jun , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2011

Bleached wood pulp fibers grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) was synthesized through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to be applied in papermaking. The ATRP macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl groups of wood fibers with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (α-BIBB). The bromine atoms on the surface of the macroinitiator were characterized and calculated by FT-IR, EDXS and TGA techniques. The ATRP grafting reaction conditions of fiber-PMA were discussed and determined. To optimize the polymerization in the CuBr/PMDETA catalytic system, several influencing factors on grafting yield were investigated, including solvent, reaction temperature, monomer concentration and sacrificial initiator. The PAM grafted fibers were characterized by FT-IR and TGA analyses.
Synthesis of Anti-Cancer Targeted Therapies Drug Tivozanib
Authors: Liu Ming Xing , Hu Li Xiu , Wang Xian Wen , Zhu Hong Da
Published: December 2011

Tivozanib was synthesized through the cyclization, chlorinated, condensation reaction with 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxy acetophenone as the starting material. All synthetic compounds were analyzed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS and HPLC. The purity of tivozanib was more than 98.5%. Synthetic routs and methods of tivozanib are feasible to industrial production owing to the cheap raw materials, mild reaction conditions, stable technology and high yield.
Study on the Structure and Performance of the Multi-Layer Filter Materials of Automobile Oil Filter Cartridge
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jian Chun , Zhang Hua , Yang Da Xiang
Published: December 2011

In the commonly used automobile oil filtering materials,having a single layer structure,also having two layer structure and three layer structure,this paper firstly selected four diverse structural filter materials of automobile oil filter cartridge and then discussed their internal structure and property.Putting to use of SEM to analyze their inner construction and research their physical performance and filtration property.The results indicated that the two layer material possesses smaller pore diameter,higher filtration accuracy and better filtration effiency,however,the three layer material is not in the nature of excellent filtration accuracy,therefore,in the process of exploitation of novel filtration material,the target is not to increase it’s layer but realizing how to improve the filter efficiency.The monolayer material is mainly the nonwoven and has ordinary filtration effiency.As a result,in the attempt of developing new filtration materials,the aim needs to focus on the two layer new materials,meanwhile,the other objective is to improve the filtration accuracy to nanometer scale.
Synthesis and Infrared Spectrum Characterization of Phenylalanine Chelated Calcium Complex
Authors: Wu Yu Qi , Weng Lian Jin , Han Yuan Yuan , Yang Xin , Geng Di
Published: December 2011

The preparation conditions in the water system of phenylalanine chelated calcium complex have been evaluated though single-factor tests and optimized by uniform design. Then the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: reaction temperature is 40 °C, reaction time is 182 min, the molar ratio of phenylalanine to calcium is 4.3 and pH = 9.0. Under the best conditions, the experimental result gives chelating rate = 87.40% that is 17.12% lower than the prediction = 104.52%.The infrared spectrum characterization has confirmed the formation of phenylalanine-Ca2+ chelates and the existence of chelate ring.
Effect of Two Mild Alkaline Oxidative Pretreaments of Rice Straw on Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Li Hui Yong , Huang Ke Long , Jin Mi , Wei Qin Qin , Li Zhi Guang
Published: December 2011

Two mild alkaline oxidative pretreatments of rice straw followed by enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. In addition to measuring the composition variance, the pretreated rice straw solutions were analysed by the UV/Vis spectra. These two mild oxidative pretreatment of rice straw cause the removal of lignin, hemicellulose and neutral detergent solubles (NDS), where the H2O2/NaOH pretreatment solubilize the lignin and the O3/NaOH pretreatment oxidative degrade the lignin. These two mild oxidative pretreatment of rice straw enhance susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, and speed-up the enzymatic hydrolysis. The conversion yield of cellulose and hemicellulose presented in the O3/NaOH pretreated rice straw was 92.6%, compared to 82.3% and 52.5% in the H2O2/NaOH pretreated and untreated rice straw, respectively.
Mongolia Residential Architectural Features and Construction of Eco-Tourism Development
Authors: Mao Xing Ran , Hu Rui Bo , Li Lun
Published: December 2011

Today, The rising of the national large-scale development and construction in eco-tourism area are under the guidance of different ideas. Mongolia is located in a very special geographical environment, so the application of a totally new design concept, using the concept of history and green as specific guidance, will release the endless fascination of its unique prairie landscape, in addition, the history and culture in a class by itself, and the pervasive folkways, pollution-free grassland and residential buildings, the yurts which seem like a patchwork will show the beautiful scenery for tourists. This article combined with natural, historical and cultural of yurts ,expatiated on the origin, type, construction methods, material selection, decoration and other features of yurts of, o that we got constructive comments for development: promotion of history and culture, exert the advantages of unique regional and good material.
Synthesis of Super-High Molecular Weight Polyacrylamides and their Flocculation Properties
Authors: Sun Yan Lin , Du Hui Xiang , Wang Hong , Huang Yun Hua
Published: December 2011

The super-high molecular weight polyacrylamide flocculants were synthesized using potassium persulfate/sodium hydrogen sulfite as initiators via free radical solution polymerization. The effects of monomer concentration and initiator dosage on the molecular weight, insoluble fraction and dissolution rate of PAM were investigated. The flocculation properties of PAMs prepared was examined by flocculating kaolin suspensions. The results show that the PAM products synthesized at the monomer concentration 30% and the initiator dosage 0.5‰ can meet the requirements. The molecular weight of this kind of PAM can reach 5.84×106, insoluble fraction can decrease to 0, and the dissolution can be completed in 10 minutes. Using this kind of PAM as flocculants (1.45mg PAM/100g kaolin suspension), the clear water transmittance can be up to 99% at pH 3.5~4.0.
Metabonomics and the Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Guo Qi , Qi Xiang Hui , Zhou Ya Ping
Published: December 2011

Metabolomics is another important branch of systems biology after genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics and a new kind of holistic analysis technology. As part of Metabolomics is another important branch of systems biology after genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics and a new kind of holistic analysis technology. As part of system biology, the core of metabolomics is qualitative and quantitative analysis of all small molecule metabolites in a cell or biological system at specific time and conditions. The field of metabolomics study covers the diagnosis, nutrition, microbiology, environmental science, mechanism of drug action, toxicology and other aspects of botany. The metabolomics study of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainly focus on the safety evaluation of drugs, efficacy mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, the variety and the quality control of Chinese medicine resources and so on. This paper provides an overview of metabolomics study of TCM.
Effect of Sulfate- and Carbonyl- Polysaccharides on Quality Characteristics of Tofu
Authors: Zhu Jian Hua , Yang Xiao Quan , Qi Jun Ru
Published: December 2011

The effect of ι-carrageenan (ι-C) and soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), on quality characteristics of tofu was evaluated. The addition of 0.05-0.2% (w/v) polysaccharide increased the yield of tofu. However, higher polysaccharide concentration could not sustain the observed increase. At temperature rise ramp, dG'/dt of tofu with SSPS was increased slightly than the samples with ι-C, due to difference in charge density and thermodynamic incompatibility between polysaccharide and soybean globulin. The addition of SSPS exhibited more increase in hardness and springiness of tofu as compared to ι-C. Microstructure of tofu with SSPS was more homogeneous. The addition of properly selected polysaccharide could improve the properties of tofu, which may be beneficial for food process
Effects of Drip Fertigation Management on Nutrient Losses and Pear Production at Chongming Dongtan in Yangtze River Estuary, China
Authors: Qian Xiao Yong , Shen Gen Xiang , Gu Hai Rong , Pugliese Massimo , Gullino Maria Lodovica
Published: December 2011

Drip fertigation was applied to evaluate the effects on nutrient losses and crop production in a pear orchard at Chongming Dongtan in Yangtze River Estuary in 2006 and 2007, compared to conventional irrigation and fertilization practices. Based on runoff paddocks and leaching pipes construction, the volumes of runoff and leaching water, and the corresponding concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured and estimated. The results indicated that, under the experimental conditions, N and P losses through runoff and leaching occurred mainly in the period of rain season from June to October, and leaching was the dominating pathways for N loss while runoff was the main pathways for P loss. Compared with the conventional irrigation and fertilization system, under the consistency of crop yields, the drip fertigation system could decrease the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus losses through runoff and leaching by 36.4% and 16.5%, and reduce the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus consumptions of chemical fertilizer application by 73.4% and 61.1%, respectively.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate Using Iron with 3.3% Si Anode
Authors: Shang Hong Li , Sang Xue Mei , Tian Zhi Feng , Tang Yun Mei
Published: December 2011

A ferrate solution about 236.87mM was obtained under the optimum conditions: 16MNaOH, J=100mAcm-2, 35°C, electrolysis duration (1h), The optimal current efficiency was 45.86%. The cyclic voltammogram of iron with 3.3% Si revealed a new anodic wave between -0.2V and 0.1V versus HgO/Hg corresponding to Fe(V) production.
Effects of Urea on the Formation of Perfume Compounds by Ascorbic Acid-Methionine Model Reaction
Authors: Luo Shuai , Zhou Hong Yan , Wang Le , Yu Ai Nong , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: December 2011

By the headspace-solid phase micro-extraction – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (Headspace-SPME–GC–MS) technology, this article identifies products from the model reaction between ascorbic acid and methionine (ASA-Met), and studies the impacts of urea on the formation of perfume compounds from the model reaction. 17 perfume compounds have been identified, including pyrazine, sulfur compounds ,thiophene, pyrrole and compounds containing benzene rings, of which sulfur compounds, such as alicyclic sulfides, thioether and pyrazine, are the main flavor components. For urea being added to the model system, one the one hand, the yields of some sulfur compounds will be significantly reduced; on the other hand, it promotes the production of several nitrogen compounds such as methyl pyrazine, ethyl pyrazine and 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine, and other alkyl pyrazine. This indicates that urea inhibits the thermal degradation of Met in the model reaction, and also implies that as the nitrogen source during the thermal degradation of urea NH3 may be generated. After a competing reaction occurs between NH3 and the degradation products of H2S and ASA, nitrogen compounds are formed, such as alkyl pyrazine, so as to cause the lower production of sulfur compounds.
The Influence of Hot Rolling Technological Parameters on Microstructure of Low Temperature Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Feng Yun Li , Qi Xue Jing , Song Meng
Published: December 2011

The process of hot rolling Fe-3.15% Si steel is simulated by Gleeble-3500 thermal mechanical simulator, the influence of finishing temperature, coiling temperature and cooling rates after rolling on microstructure of Fe-3.15% Si steel are mainly researched, and the influence of hot rolled microstructure on Goss texture, secondary recrystallization and magnetic property are analysed. The results show that the nonuniform microstructures of hot rolled strip play an important role in developing the perfect secondary recrystallization. Fe-3.15% Si steel is rough rolled at 1110°C, finished rolled at 880°C, subsequently cooled to 550°C for coiling at rate of 10°C/s, then air cooled to room temperature. The above mentioned process could produce hot-rolled microstructure which are benefit to formation of Goss texture and the development of perfect secondary recrystallization.
Intensity Analysis on Heat Transfer of the Jet Plug-in Hot Blast Furnace
Authors: Wang Xue Ping , Zhang Ying , Li Pan , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper primarily focuses on the analysis on temperature, stress and strain distribution of the heat transfer in the jet plug-in hot blast furnace aiming at obtaining the parts of the heat transfer with relatively high heat stress according to the stress and strain distribution. The authors took advantage of the method of the finite element analysis to study the temperature field. Through the analysis, the authors can figure out that thermal stress can not be found in the highest temperature part, but in the parts with large temperature difference, and meanwhile this thesis puts forward the reasons causing these situations. The conclusion of this paper provides the basis for the further enhancement of the machine life and optimization of the structure design.
Synthesis, Structure and Fluorescence Spectrum Studies of Bromocoumarin Derivants: C19H22BrNO6
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Xiao Dong , Liu Zhuo
Published: December 2011

The title compound has been prepared and characterized by P1PHNMR, FT-IR, fluorescence spectrum and thermal analysis. The crystal and molecular structures of dimethyl-(4-(7-acetoxyl-2H -chromen-2-one))-methyl-(2-acrylate)-ethyl-ammonium bromide were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The compound crystallizes in Monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 22.799(5), b =12.122(2), c =14.580(3) Å, β = 90.76(3)°, Mr = 440.29, V = 4029.1(14) ÅP3P, Z = 8, Dc= 1.452 g/cmP3P, F(000) = 1808, R = 0.0679 and wR = 0.1450. In the structure, The four N-C bond distances are in the range of 1.473(6) ~ 1.531(6) Å. The P1PHNMR and FT-IR data are in agreement with the structural data. The title compound also shows good fluorescent behaviors. The fluorescent intensity changed little at pH ranging from 7.5 to 9.5. The pH value of the circulation cooling water is in this range so that the title compound can be used in tracer detection.
Highly Efficient, One-Pot, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles Using Molecular Iodine as Catalyst
Authors: Ren Yi Ming , Cai Chun
Published: December 2011

Highly efficient, one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions using molecular iodine as the catalyst is described with excellent product yields.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Bis-Acetylferrocene Schiff Base
Authors: Liu Yu Ting , Guo Hai Long , Yin Da Wei
Published: December 2011

Three bis-acetylferrocene schiff bases have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis, the results conformed well with expected structures. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. The results showed that these compounds are show excellent antimicrobia activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi ,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus.
Cerium Chloride Catalyzed Reduction of Aromatic Esters to the Corresponding Alcohols with Sodium Borohydride in Water
Authors: Zhu Xun , Wei Yun Yang
Published: December 2011

The aldehydes and ketones can be reduced readily by NaBH4 without any modification. NaBH4 can not reduce esters and their derivatives under ambient conditions, reflux and standing overn ight are necessary. However, the activity of NaBH4 can be enhanced by CeCl3.7H2O. In this article, a general, highly efficient and mild methodology for obtaining alcohol compounds by reduction of the corresponding esters with NaBH4 in the presence of a catalytic amount of CeCl3.7H2O in water is described.
Determination of Manganese in Food Grade FeSO4•7H2O by Solid Phase Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Hou Qian , Gong Qi , Wei Xiao Ling , Chen Lu
Published: December 2011

A new method for the determination of manganese in food grade FeSO4•7H2O samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after solid phase extraction was developed. The research showed that when coexistent amount of iron was greater than or equal to 100 times of manganese, the relative error of direct determination of manganese by FAAS was greater than or equal to +5%. Firstly, Fe2+ was oxidized to Fe3+ by HNO3. Fe3+ was masked by EDTA. Mn2+ ions were then adsorbed by strong acid cation exchange fiber (SACEF) in pH 1.5 sample solution for 10 minutes and eluted by 2.5 mol/L HNO3 for 15 minutes. Iron and manganese can be effectively separated by this method. Under the optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of SACEF to Mn2+ ions was attained to be 9.27 mg•g-1. The detection limit of the method was 0.032 μg•mL-1. The proposed method was used for determination of manganese in three batches of FeSO4•7H2O samples. The contents of manganese were 325 μg/g, 823 μg/g, 772 μg/g respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 96.1%~103 % and RSDs (n=5) were less than 3.0%.
Study on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification with Biofilm for Chemical Wastewater
Authors: He Cai Yan , Xu Yan , Chen Yan Yan , Yu Sheng , Liu Jing Ming
Published: December 2011

Aiming at the problem of lower removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in the activated sludge process for wastewater treatment plant of Jilin Chemical Company, a few tests were studied such as filler selection, biological hydrolysis-acidification process, nitrobacteria cultivation, activated sludge process and biofilm process, the feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) was developed with biofilm treatment for chemical poor-biological wastewater. The results showed that: SND occurred in the aerobic section, effluent total basicity (TB) in biofilm process was 2mmol / L or more, and was higher than activated sludge process, while the effluent TB in activated sludge process was about 0.1mmol / L,and nitrate produced by activated sludge process was 30mg/L higher than that of biofilm process. Nitrogen removal efficiency using SJ-1-type filler made in Jiangsu Suzhou Purification Group Co., Ltd was 15.01% more than that using combined filler.
Influences of Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel at Different Temperature
Authors: Zhang Shi Hong , Kuang Fei , Zhang Jin Zhong , Zhou Xiong , Lan Gui Hong , Zou Chang Jun
Published: December 2011

The growth and the corrosion behaviors of thermophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), desulfotomaulum thermocisternum strain ST90, were studied in this work. It was found that the growth curves and the main reduction products were influenced greatly by the growth temperatures. The time of the exponential phase and the stable phase decreased with the increase of growth temperatures. The reduction product of this kind of SRB was mainly H2S when it grew at 60°C. With the decrease of growth temperatures, thiosulfate came up as an internal reduction product. The thiosulfate was re-reduced by SRB at the growth temperatures of 40 and 50°C. When the growth temperature came to 30°C, no H2S was generated. The regulation of corrosion rate changed was coincident with the changes of the main reduction products of the SRB. This kind of SRB could accelerate the corrosion rate of carbon steel when grew at higher temperature. But the corrosion rate of carbon steel could be inhibited when it grew at 30°C.
Novel Brønsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Benzothiazolium Cations as Catalysts for the Acetalization Reactions
Authors: Li Xue , Gu Yong Quan , Yang Yang , Song Hang , Yao Shun
Published: December 2011

Three novel brønsted-acidic ionic liquids based on benzothiazolium cations ([HBth][CH3SO3], [HBth][CF3SO3] and [HBth][p-Tsa]) were prepared and served as effective and environmentally friendly catalysts for the acetalization reactions. Highly catalytic properties and the temperature-sensitive characteristic of the ionic liquid catalysts were exhibited during the process. The temperature-sensitive characteristic made the catalysts homogeneous in higher temperature during the reaction and precipitated from the reaction medium in lower temperature after the reaction, which was conducive to the isolation of the ionic liquids by simple filtration. Furthermore, a recycling study was executed and conﬁrmed that the ionic liquids could be used multiple times affording without noticeable decrease in efficiency.
Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Electroplating Sludge and the Effect of Composting
Authors: Yan Jin Long , Quan Gui Xiang , Ding Cheng
Published: December 2011

Electroplating sludge is always listed as hazardous waste due to the high content of heavy metals. The most economical and available way for disposal of sludge is soil application of sludge compost, and the major limitation in agriculture utilization is the total heavy metal contents and their bioavailability to the soil–plant system. The effect of composting on the speciation of heavy metals in an electroplating sludge was studied, and the potential environmental impacts were also assessed. The electroplating sludge was composted with rice straw and sawdust by static aerobic method at high temperature with forced ventilation. Results showed that the exchangeable species of copper and nickel were significantly decreased after the compost procedure, and the other kinds of species were increased differently. Data in this research indicated that composting can reduce the activity of heavy metals to some extent to achieve the agricultural use.