bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer and friction factor analysis for tomato puree flowing in a concentric‐tube heat exchanger
Authors: Carrazco‐Escalante Marco , Hernández‐Calderón Óscar , Ríos‐Iribe Erika , Alarid‐García Cristian , Iribe‐Salazar Rosalina , Vázquez‐López Yessica , Caro‐Hernández Olivia , Pacheco‐Plata Felícitas , Caro‐Corrales José
Published: September 2024

The heat and momentum transfer of tomato puree through a concentric‐tube heat exchanger over a range of generalized Reynolds number (0.05 < Re < 66.5) was experimentally and numerically analyzed. Thermophysical and rheological properties of tomato puree (12°Brix) were measured from 20 to 60°C. The velocity, pressure, and temperature were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENTTM with temperature‐dependent transport properties. The thermal operation of the concentric‐tube exchanger was satisfactorily predicted using CFD, indicating accurate measurement of tomato puree properties with temperature variations. A concordance was found between the calculated Fanning friction factor and generalized Reynolds with the experimental correlation. A modified Sieder–Tate correlation was established, which allows properly expressing the Nusselt number as a function of the Peclet number. Simple correlations for the mechanical work and the heat transfer rate as a function of the volumetric flow rate were derived. The thermal efficiency was high at low puree flow rates but decreased with higher rates. However, at high flow rates, ceased its decline, instead showing a slight improvement. The analysis confirmed higher heat transfer rates in the concentric‐tube heat exchanger compared to a plain tube at low puree flow rates. The results offer valuable insights for assessing diverse operational conditions in dairy, beverage, sauce, and concentrated food industries. Additionally, they also enhance the analysis and design of concentric‐tube heat exchangers.

Practical Application

The knowledge of the rheological and hydrodynamical behavior of fluids in concentric‐tube heat exchangers allows to explore a set of different operating conditions to improve the yield and effectiveness on the system heating/cooling design.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of erythorbyl oleate and its characterization as a multifunctional emulsifier
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Choi Yoonseok , Yu Hyunjong , Chang Pahn‐Shick
Published: September 2024

Erythorbyl oleate (EO), a novel emulsifier with multifunctional properties, was synthesized via lipase‐catalyzed solvent‐free esterification between erythorbic acid and oleic acid. The reaction produced EO of 30.75 ± 1.65 mM at 60 h, monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Purified EO was chemically identified as 6‐O‐oleoyl‐erythorbic acid by HPLC‐electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR analyses, and further investigations on its multifunctionalities were conducted. EO displayed antioxidant activity equivalent to erythorbic acid in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Investigation of the antibacterial activity of EO against foodborne pathogens showed MICs of 0.27 ± 0.09 and 0.40 mM for Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12692, respectively. EO also displayed interfacial properties, lowering interfacial tension between medium‐chain triglyceride oil and water to 3.40 ± 0.04 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration of 2.54 ± 0.03 mM. Dynamic light scattering analyses of the emulsion stabilized by EO demonstrated a similar polydispersity index (0.15 ± 0.00) to Tween 80‐stabilized emulsion (0.28 ± 0.01), with an average droplet size of 173.2 ± 1.8 nm. In addition, the EO‐stabilized emulsion exhibited a negative surface charge (−56.83 ± 4.30 mV) in zeta potential measurements, indicating sufficient electrostatic repulsion between droplets. These results suggest that EO is a multifunctional emulsifier to simultaneously control oxidative rancidification and bacterial spoilage in emulsion‐based foods.

Practical Application: EO was synthesized via an enzymatic esterification reaction between erythorbic acid and oleic acid. The synthetic process excluded any use of organic solvent, diminishing potential health hazards or environmental pollution associated with chemical reactions. The interfacial properties of the resultant EO, along with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, propose its potential application in emulsion‐based foods. Simultaneous control of bacterial spoilage and oxidative rancidification by EO would fulfill the industrial needs for extending shelf life and enhancing consumer safety.
How does perceived ease of information access affect investors' judgments?
Authors: Cikurel Deni
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how using technologies that increase the perceived ease of information access, such as search engines, can affect investors' judgments. Relying on the “Google effect” theory, I predict that using a search engine to access financial information will lead to shallower processing of that information, causing earnings fixation. The results of three experiments support this prediction and the theoretical process. Specifically, investors who access financials via a search engine are less likely to react to the information in the income statement other than earnings compared to those who do not use a search engine. In addition, search condition investors are more likely to mention earnings in their investment reasoning and find earnings more influential than the control condition investors. Furthermore, search condition investors believe that information is more likely to be available in the future and are more likely to reopen the income statement. A second experiment shows that the knowledge that the information will be easily reaccessed increases investors' earnings fixation. Finally, a third experiment provides evidence that using a search engine reduces the depth of information processing. This study extends accounting research by showing that using technologies that increase the perceived ease of information access can reduce investors' processing depth and information acquisition.
The role of G protein‐coupled receptors and their ligands in animal domestication
Authors: Kleinau Gunnar , Chini Bice , Andersson Leif , Scheerer Patrick
Published: September 2024

The domestication of plants and animals has resulted in one of the most significant cultural and socio‐economical transitions in human history. Domestication of animals, including human‐supervised reproduction, largely uncoupled particular animal species from their natural, evolutionary history driven by environmental and ecological factors. The primary motivations for domesticating animals were, and still are, producing food and materials (e.g. meat, eggs, honey or milk products, wool, leather products, jewelry and medication products) to support plowing in agriculture or in transportation (e.g. horse, cattle, camel and llama) and to facilitate human activities (for hunting, rescuing, therapeutic aid, guarding behavior and protecting or just as a companion). In recent years, decoded genetic information from more than 40 domesticated animal species have become available; these studies have identified genes and mutations associated with specific physiological and behavioral traits contributing to the complex genetic background of animal domestication. These breeding‐altered genomes provide insights into the regulation of different physiological areas, including information on links between e.g. endocrinology and behavior, with important pathophysiological implications (e.g. for obesity and cancer), extending the interest in domestication well beyond the field. Several genes that have undergone selection during domestication and breeding encode specific G protein‐coupled receptors, a class of membrane‐spanning receptors involved in the regulation of a number of overarching functions such as reproduction, development, body homeostasis, metabolism, stress responses, cognition, learning and memory. Here we summarize the available literature on variations in G protein‐coupled receptors and their ligands and how these have contributed to animal domestication.
E74‐like factor 4 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via long non‐coding RNA integrin subunit beta 8 antisense RNA 1‐mediated histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation modification
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Shaofeng
Published: September 2024

Aim

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. The main objective of this study is to explore the potential mechanisms of E74‐like factor 4 (ELF4) in CRC progression, providing a novel therapeutic target for CRC treatment.

Methods

CRC cells and normal control cells were cultured. Levels of ELF4/long non‐coding RNA integrin subunit beta 8 antisense RNA 1 (LncRNA ITGB8‐AS1)/claudin‐23 (CLDN23) were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. ELF4 siRNA, ITGB8‐AS1 pcDNA3.1, or CLDN23 siRNA were transfected into cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated. The enrichment of ELF4 on the ITGB8‐AS1 promoter was detected. Dual‐luciferase assay was employed to assess the binding between ELF4 and the ITGB8‐AS1 promoter. RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to investigate the binding between ITGB8‐AS1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). The binding of EZH2 and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) to the CLDN23 promoter was detected.

Results

ELF4 and ITGB8‐AS1 were upregulated in CRC cells, while CLDN23 was downregulated. Knockdown of ELF4 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistically, ELF4 transcriptionally activated ITGB8‐AS1 and promoted the binding between ITGB8‐AS1 and EZH2. EZH2 catalyzed H3K27me3 modification on the CLDN23 promoter, leading to decreased CLDN23 expression. Overexpression of ITGB8‐AS1 or downregulation of CLDN23 could reduce the inhibitory effects of silencing ELF4 on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusion

ELF4 accelerates CRC progression through the ITGB8‐AS1/CLDN23 axis, providing new therapeutic targets for CRC.
Agricultural cooperative membership and welfare of maize farmers in Ethiopia: Insights from panel data analysis
Authors: Geffersa Abebayehu Girma
Published: September 2024

The emergence of agricultural cooperatives is widely viewed as a potential institutional arrangement that can help achieve rural poverty reduction by improving farmers’ welfare in developing countries. However, empirical evidence on the effect of cooperative membership on welfare and rural poverty in sub‐Saharan Africa remains limited. This paper examines the effect of cooperative membership on the welfare and poverty levels of maize‐farming households, using a comprehensive three‐wave panel dataset from three major maize‐producing regions in Ethiopia. The welfare effect of cooperative membership was estimated using a correlated random‐effects regression with a control function to account for unobservable heterogeneity and the endogeneity of cooperative membership. The findings show that cooperative membership significantly increased maize yield and enhanced the welfare of maize farmers by improving household income, subsequently leading to reductions in the prevalence of income poverty and the poverty gap. Further analysis reveals that while cooperative membership is pro‐poor in terms of its effect on maize yield, its effect on income and poverty tends to favour wealthier members with greater assets and extended landholdings. In this light, supporting poor and marginalized farmers with the resources needed would help improve the welfare gains from cooperative membership, thereby ensuring a more inclusive approach to poverty reduction.
Diallyl trisulfide alleviates dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ROS/Trx‐1 pathway
Authors: He Yue , Xiao Ling , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yanrong , Guo Yilei , Xia Yufeng , Zhao Huatou , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue
Published: September 2024

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a sulphur‐containing compound isolated from the medicinal food plant garlic, has been previously reported to attenuate experimental colitis induced by either dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) or 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we deciphered the key mechanism by which DATS alleviates ulcerative colitis (UC). We showed that oral administration of DATS for 10 consecutive days greatly restrained the infiltration of macrophages and the pathological changes in colonic tissues of mice with DSS‐induced colitis. DATS treatment notably dampened the content of IL‐1β and IL‐18 and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colon. Mechanistically, DATS effectively diminished the generation of ROS in macrophages. The suppressive effect of DATS on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and downregulation of IL‐18 and IL‐1β levels was blunted by xanthine oxidase. Further studies revealed that DATS inhibited NF‐κB pathway activation by suppressing the expression of Trx‐1, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trx‐1 overexpression and interference in macrophages promoted and diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation, respectively. In summary, garlic and its main active ingredient DATS have potentials to prevent and treat UC, and DATS functions by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Trx‐1/ROS pathway.
Research on full‐colour gamut matching of wool blended yarn based on the Kubelka–Munk prediction algorithm
Authors: Zhu Wenshuo , Xue Yuan , Xue Jingli , Sun Xianqiang , Jin Guang
Published: September 2024

This article aims to solve the problems of a high inventory of coloured fibres, low efficiency of manual colour matching and poor repeatability in the woollen textile industry. Seven primary colour fibres were prepared based on seven selected primary colours, namely, red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta and grey, which were then divided into six groups of ternary primary colour fibres. Next, six ternary coupling‐combination grid colour‐mixing models were constructed and merged into a full‐colour gamut grid colour‐mixing model. Based on this, 241 types of blended yarns and knitted fabrics were prepared. A colour‐matching system for wool colour‐spun yarns was constructed based on the Kubelka–Munk colour prediction algorithm and the full‐colour gamut grid colour‐mixing model. Training samples, test samples and validation samples are planned in each colour‐mixing area for constructing the colour‐matching system and validating its predictive performance. The results of spinning experiments show that full‐colour gamut spinning within the mixing range of seven primary colour fibres is achieved based on the constructed full‐colour gamut grid colour‐mixing model. The predicted results of test samples and validation samples show that the average colour difference between the predicted colour value and the measured colour value is 0.642, and the average error formed by the predicted blending ratio and the actual blending ratio of primary colour fibres is 0.0223. The results indicate that the constructed colour‐matching system achieved an accurate prediction of colour values and the blending ratio of primary colour fibres for blended yarns.
Interplay of Donor–Recipient Relationship and Donor Race in Living Liver Donation in the United States
Authors: Al‐Seraji Abdula , Adeyemo Simeon , Gurakar Ahmet , Shah Riya , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Lentine Krista L. , Redfield Robert R. , Gurakar Merve , Amin Alpesh N. , Muzaale Abimereki D. , Humar Abhinav , Al Ammary Fawaz , Alqahtani Saleh A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Living liver donation improves survival of end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) patients. Yet, it continues to represent a small proportion of United States (U.S.) liver transplantation with existing racial disparities. We investigated the interplay of donor–recipient relationship and donor race to understand donor subgroups with no significant increase.

Methods

We studied 4407 living liver donors in the U.S. from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022 (median age = 36 years, and 59% were biologically related to the recipient). We quantified the change in the number of donors per 3‐year increment using negative binomial regression (incidence rate ratio [IRR]), stratified by donor–recipient relationship and race/ethnicity.

Results

Among biologically related donors, the observed annual number of White donors increased from 146 to 253, Hispanic donors from 18 to 53, and Black donors decreased from 11 to 10. Among unrelated donors, White donors increased from 65 to 221, Hispanic donors from 4 to 25, and Black donors from 3 to 11. For the IRR of biologically related donors aged <40 and ≥40 years, White donors increased by 18% and 22%; Hispanic donors increased by 25% and 54%; and Black donors did not change. Likewise, the IRR of unrelated donors aged <40 and ≥40 years, White donors increased by 48% and 55%; Hispanic donors increased by 52% and 65%; and Black donors did not change.

Conclusions

While biologically related donors represent the majority of donors, unrelated donors have substantially risen in recent years, primarily driven by White donors. Although the rate of unrelated donations increased among Hispanic donors, the absolute number remains very small (≤25 donors/year). Interventions are needed to increase education among Hispanic and Black communities to grow unrelated living liver donations across race/ethnicity.
The interdependence of targets for continuous glucose monitoring outcomes in type 1 diabetes with automated insulin delivery
Authors: Castañeda Javier , de Galan Bastiaan E. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Arrieta Arcelia , van den Heuvel Tim , Cohen Ohad
Published: September 2024

Aim

The aim was to determine the interdependence of targets for glucose management indicator (GMI), time within the ranges of 70–180 mg/dL (TIR) and 70–140 mg/dL (time in tight glucose range [TITR]), time above 180 mg/dL (TA180) and 250 mg/dL (TA250) and time below 70 mg/dL (TB70) and 54 mg/dL (TB54) and its implications for setting targets in automated insulin delivery (AID).

Materials and Methods

Real‐world data from individuals with type 1 diabetes using the 780G system were used to calculate the receiver operating characteristic curves and establish interdependent targets for time in ranges based on several GMI benchmarks. Correlation, regression and principal component analysis were used to determine their association and dimensionality.

Results

In individuals aged >15 years (n = 41 692), a GMI <6.5% required targets of >81%, >58%, <15% and <1.9% for TIR, TITR, TA180 and TA250, respectively, with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (>90%), whereas these values were poor for time in hypoglycaemia and GMI, which had a modest correlation (−0.21 to −0.43). Two dimensions emerged: (1) GMI, TIR, TITR, TA180 and TA250, and (2) TB70 and TB54, explaining 95% of total variability. GMI (or TIR) and TB70 explained >81% of the variability in the remaining continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, providing accurate predictions. Individuals aged ≤15 years (n = 14 459) showed similar results.

Conclusion

We developed a methodology to establish interdependent CGM targets for therapies with CGM data outputs. In AID with the 780G system, a GMI <7% requires time in ranges close to consensus targets. Targets for GMI, TIR, TITR, TA180 and TA250 could be reduced to targets for GMI or TIR, whereas targets for time in hypoglycaemia are not inherently tied to GMI/TIR targets.
Global and regional estimates of hip fracture burden associated with type 1 diabetes from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Li Jing , Cui Hao‐Liang , Xie Dan‐Dan , Wang Qin‐Yi , Luo Chuo , Tian Lin , Shi Lin‐Ke , Sheng Zhi‐Feng
Published: September 2024

Aim

To assess the global and regional burden of hip fractures associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 1990 to 2021.

Materials and Methods

The population attributable fraction was calculated by combining the published risk ratio with T1D prevalence (age ≥ 20 years) from the Global Burden of Disease study to estimate the T1D‐associated hip‐fracture burden. Trends were assessed using the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).

Results

The global incidence of T1D‐related hip fractures was 290 180 in 2021 with an ASIR of 3.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.92‐5.87) per 100 000 population and a male‐to‐female ratio of 0.54. At the super‐regional level, the highest incidence (204 610) and ASIR (13.09 per 100 000 population; 6.40‐25.53) were observed in high‐income regions, in particular in Australasia and Western Europe. Notably, Australasia exhibited the highest EAPC, 2.90% in T1D‐associated ASIR, followed by East Asia (2.73%). The incidence among those aged 45‐64 years grew significantly in 14 regions over the past decade. Nationally, the ASIR increased in 166 countries from 1990 to 2021.

Conclusions

High‐income regions experienced the greatest burden of T1D‐associated hip fracture, while Australasia and East Asia witnessed the largest increase over the last 32 years. Prioritizing the promotion of T1D treatment and hip‐fracture screening for middle‐aged females living with T1D is crucial in these regions.
Comparative assessment of Ti‐6Al‐4 V titanium alloy fatigue life improvement by vibratory peening, shot peening, and vibratory finishing
Authors: Paques Maxime , Chakraborty Apratim , Changeux Benoit , Miao Hong Yan , Muhammad Waqas , Turenne Sylvain , Inal Kaan , Martin Etienne
Published: September 2024

The effects of vibratory peening (VP), shot peening (SP), and SP followed by vibratory finishing (SPVF) on the surface and fatigue properties of Ti‐6Al‐4 V were compared to conventional low‐stress grinding (LSG). VP processing produced seven times smoother surface finish than SP and 66% deeper compressive residual stresses (CRS) but with 12% lower magnitudes. SPVF produced optimal surface properties with a perfectly flat surface and CRS‐like SP. All three mechanical surface treatments generated similar fatigue life improvements (108–122%) over LSG when the cyclic stress was below the yield stress. Above the yield stress, most of the CRS relaxed during the first cycle in VP specimens, resulting in up to 97% fatigue life improvement over LSG. The CRS relaxed more gradually in SP specimens leading to larger (up to 239%) fatigue life improvement. This shows the need to amplify CRS magnitudes produced in VP to maximize fatigue life improvement.
Are investor‐paid credit ratings superior?
Authors: Qin Nan , Zhou Lei
Published: September 2024

We conduct pairwise comparisons of corporate bond ratings between three issuer‐paid credit rating agencies (CRAs) and one investor‐paid CRA regarding rating standard, accuracy, stability, and market impact. We find that neither compensation model results in more stringent or accurate ratings. While issuer‐paid S&P ratings are more stringent and accurate than investor‐paid Egan‐Jones ratings (EJR), issuer‐paid Fitch ratings are less stringent and have similar or lower accuracy compared to EJR ratings. In contrast, investor‐ and issuer‐paid ratings exhibit different rating change behaviors. EJR updates its ratings more frequently with fewer multinotch downgrades but also has a higher likelihood of rating reversals, while rating change behaviors are similar among the three issuer‐paid CRAs. Finally, issuer‐paid rating changes trigger stronger market responses.
Prevalence, correlates, and health indicators associated with meal‐skipping among middle‐aged and older adults in Thailand: A national longitudinal study
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl , Anantanasuwong Dararatt
Published: September 2024

Aim

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of and the factors contributing to meal‐skipping in middle‐aged and older adults in Thailand.

Methods

We examined prospective cohort data from three consecutive waves of the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study (analytic sample size = 2863) for participants 45 years of age and older. Meal‐skipping was assessed with a one‐ and two‐day recall of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We used generalized estimating equations analysis to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health indicators and meal‐skipping between 2015 (wave 1), 2017 (wave 2), and 2020 (wave 3). Furthermore, binary logistic regression was used to establish the longitudinal association between meal‐skipping and the incidence of multiple chronic conditions.

Results

The prevalence of meal‐skipping was 6.2% in 2015, 16.2% in 2017, and 13.6% in 2020, and across study years the highest proportion of meal skipping was for lunch (6.0%), followed by breakfast (4.6%), and dinner (2.8%). In the final model, sociodemographic factors (higher education, urban residence, and lower subjective economic status), lifestyle factors (high alcohol use, current smoking, and obesity class II), and health indicators (probable depression and wearing dentures) were positively associated with meal‐skipping. In the adjusted logistic regression models, compared with no meal‐skipping, meal‐skipping in 2–3 study waves was associated with incident obesity and incident probable depression.

Conclusion

Skipping meals was linked to a number of lifestyle variables and indicators of physical and mental illness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1196–1202.
Shading by vegetation facilitates cryptic reproductive behaviour in a tropical songbird
Authors: Biagolini‐Jr Carlos , Diniz Pedro , Macedo Regina H. , Webster Michael S.
Published: September 2024

Vegetation structural complexity surrounding nests can either provide concealment for intruders and mates or make it more difficult for hosts to recognize parasitic eggs. We investigated whether shading and vegetation aggregation increase extrapair paternity (the presence of broods with half‐siblings) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP, the occurrence of broods with unrelated offspring) in socially monogamous Blue‐black Grassquits Volatinia jacarina. We found that habitat shadowing was associated with increased occurrence of IBP, but found no association between the degree of shade and the presence of extrapair offspring. Our findings support the idea that habitat limits cryptic reproductive behaviours and that female grassquits may benefit from habitat shadows to parasitize conspecific nests.
A survey of commercial soda–lime–silica glass compositions: Trends and opportunities II—Principal component analysis (PCA) of glass compositions
Authors: Deng Wei , Wakelin Elliot , Kilinc Erhan , Bingham Paul A.
Published: September 2024

In the first part of the study, we sampled and investigated the composition of commercial glasses in the UK market from 2022 to 2023, as well as property data provided by various models. In this part, we utilize principal component analysis (PCA) to conduct a comparative analysis, integrating these data with the composition of commercial glass documented in previous literature. The widely held belief that the composition of commercial soda–lime–silica glasses has remained essentially unchanged over the past 30+ years is challenged by this research. The differences in composition of current commercial glass compositions compared to glasses from 30 to 40 years ago have been quantified. This not only sheds light on the direction of travel and reasons for adjustments to UK glass compositions over recent decades, but it also provides insights and predictions into the future trends.
Turkish adaptation of the state–trait anxiety inventory short version (STAIS‐5, STAIT‐5)
Authors: Döner Seher , Efe Yağmur Sezer , Elmalı Ferhan
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study examines the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version.

Methods

The sample consisted of 306 people between the ages of 18–59 who agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected with the demographic questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale.

Results

All factor loadings of the State Anxiety Inventory Short Version were between 0.706 and 0.835, and those of the Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version were between 0.694 and 0.810. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version were calculated as 0.838 and 0.837, respectively. There was a significant difference between the first‐test and retest values of the State Anxiety Inventory Short Version (p = 0.033) and no difference in the Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version (p = 0.145).

Conclusions

The Turkish‐adapted State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version is a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the anxiety levels of individuals aged 18–59.
Injection Techniques to Reduce Adverse Effects of Subcutaneous Low‐Molecular‐Weight Heparin Among Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wong Arkers Kwan Ching , Chu Rachel Yui Ki , Nan Ying , Cheng Huilin , Tong Danny , Leung Ming , Lam Harris , Chiu Sin Hing , Cheung Heung Wan , Chan Miu Ching , Chau Mei Yi , Lee Terence , Leung Yuen Wa , Mow Hoi Ching , Wan Sylvia , Wong Lee Yuen , Montarye Jed
Published: September 2024

Aim(s)

To systematically review the existing literature and address the following research question: What are the most effective techniques used to minimise adverse effects resulting from subcutaneous injections of low‐molecular‐weight heparin among patients with cardiovascular diseases?

Design

A scoping review.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from 1 February 2014 to 31 January 2024. Participants were aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with venous thromboembolism or arterial thromboembolism and had prescribed subcutaneous injections of low‐molecular‐weight heparin. The collected data were analysed following the Joanna Briggs Institute approach, and it was organised and categorised based on the main objectives of the review.

Results

Twenty studies were eligible, including 1 best practice project, 7 randomised controlled trials and 9 quasi‐experimental studies. The techniques under investigation encompassed various aspects, including the injection site, injection duration (e.g., 30 s vs. 10 s), injection method (e.g., needle insertion angle), duration of needle withdrawal after injection, pressure application time and cold pressure. Preliminary evidence suggests that techniques such as using the abdominal site and slower injection rates may help reduce adverse effects. However, the optimal parameters for injection duration, waiting time, pressure and cold application, including the duration of these applications, remain uncertain due to limitations in sample size and heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures across the studies.

Conclusions

Ensuring the accurate administration of low‐molecular‐weight heparin is of utmost importance as it plays a critical role in decreasing mortality rates and minimising substantial healthcare costs linked to complications arising from incorrect administration. The findings from the current review have significantly contributed to strengthening the evidence base in this field, providing more robust and reliable information.

Implications for the Profession

This review emphasises the significance of implementing standardised subcutaneous injection techniques for low‐molecular‐weight heparin in patients with cardiovascular disease in order to reduce complications and enhance patient outcomes.

Reporting Method

This study followed the applicable guidelines established by the PRISMA 2020 statement. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was utilised for reporting purposes.

Patient or Public Contribution

There is no patient or public contribution to declare.

Trial Registration

OSF registries: osf.io/phk72
Enforcement, Information or Socialization? The Role of the European Labour Authority in Protecting Mobile Workers in the EU
Authors: Blauberger Michael , Heindlmaier Anita
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the European Labour Authority (ELA) to understand the strategies EU agencies can use to improve EU rule implementation. Theoretically, we depart from established EU implementation and compliance research, broadly distinguishing between enforcement, information and socialization strategies. Empirically, the analysis draws on 18 semi‐structured background interviews with ELA and national officials and stakeholders as well as on documents from the negotiation of ELA's mandate, its first 5 years of operation and the review of the ELA regulation. We find that ELA tries to meet, at least partly, the high and diverse expectations of its stakeholders by pursuing a multitude of enforcement and information strategies in parallel. Given its limited resources to enforce and inform top‐down, however, most observers see the greatest potential for ELA in a socialization strategy, which prompts horizontal cross‐border co‐operation and builds trust amongst national enforcement authorities through joint inspections and liaison officers.
Efficacy and safety of Supine Daoyin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Zhang Hailong , Wang Jun , Lu Xuechao , Zuo Mingyan , Jiao Li , Lu Xiaofan , Wang Yang
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Supine Daoyin, a TCM PR technique, in hospitalized patients with AECOPD.

Methods

This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial involving AECOPD inpatients recruited from April 2021 to December 2023 in five tertiary hospitals in China. Participants were randomly assigned to 14 days of Supine Daoyin group or control group and evaluated at days 3, 7, and 14 (posttreatment). The primary outcomes were LOS and CCQ and secondary outcomes were 6MWD, 30‐STS, BI, Borg CR10, time on mechanical ventilation, SGRQ, mCOPD‐PRO, and mESQ‐COPD.

Results

Out of 369 participants screened, 228 were randomly assigned (Supine Daoyin group: n = 114; control group: n = 114). For primary outcomes, there was no significant between‐group difference in LOS (p > 0.05), but for CCQ the Supine Daoyin was superior to control at days 7 (p < 0.01) and 14 (p < 0.01). For secondary outcomes, Supine Daoyin groups showed robust and superior improvements in 6MWD, 30‐STS, BI, Borg CR10, SGRQ, mCOPD‐PRO, and mESQ‐COPD (all p < 0.05), but for time on mechanical ventilation there was no significant difference in two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Supine Daoyin, a novel TCM PR technique, demonstrates safety and efficacy for AECOPD inpatients, yielding clinically meaningful improvements in health status, exercise capacity, and quality of life. This study offers a viable PR option for AECOPD patients with severe symptoms and limited mobility.
Adolescence in the life course spotlight
Authors: Crosnoe Robert
Published: September 2024

The articles in this special issue were inspired by the late John Schulenberg's long view of adolescence, a perspective that emphasizes the integral role that the teens and twenties play in the life course. Using multiple longitudinal data sources to explore myriad developmental topics, the authors delve into the ways that adolescence connects, disrupts, and stands out from childhood and adulthood as a means of integrating rather than isolating these developmentally dense years. In this commentary, I highlight what this collection of studies does to drive home some basic tenets of the long view of adolescence and point out some other tenets that should garner more attention moving forward. Specifically, I discuss the need to connect multiple periods of life before and after adolescence, voice some caution about not letting the long view of adolescence keep us from continuing our in‐depth exploration of adolescence itself, and encourage more macro‐level conceptualizations of context to go with more common micro‐ and meso‐level connections in order to better interrogate inequality. John's career has taught us a great deal about how to think about adolescent development, and just because he left us too soon does not mean that we will stop learning.
The impact of government support on rural grocery stores—A regression discontinuity approach
Authors: Hammarlund Cecilia , Nordin Martin
Published: September 2024

We evaluate a place‐based policy aimed at commercial service providers. In 2016, the Swedish government introduced special operating support for grocery stores in remote rural areas to slow down the process of store closures. We estimate the local causal effect in a regression discontinuity design framework using the fact that only stores located at least 15 km away from another store were eligible for the support. The results indicate a 15%–20% increase in store survival rates due to the support. For surviving stores, the effects on employment are negative, possibly due to labor‐saving investments.
Disparities in hepatitis C among people aged 12–59 with no history of injection drug use, United States, January 2013–March 2020
Authors: Ly Kathleen N. , Barker Laurie K. , Kilmer Greta , Shing Jaimie Z. , Jiles Ruth B. , Teshale Eyasu
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs primarily through injection drug use (IDU), but transmission also occurs through other ways. This study examined HCV prevalence and disparities among US residents aged 12–59 years with no IDU history.

Methods

We analysed 2013‐March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to calculate the HCV prevalence among people with no drug use history and only a non‐IDU history, collectively referred to as no IDU history. These estimates were compared to those with an IDU history and stratified by sociodemographic and hepatitis A and hepatitis B serologic characteristics.

Results

The current HCV infection prevalence among people aged 12–59 was .7% overall, and specifically 17.2% among people with an IDU history, .9% among people with a non‐IDU history and .2% among people with no drug use history. These rates represented 1.4 million people with current HCV infection, of whom, 730 000 had an IDU history, 262 000 had a non‐IDU history and 309 000 had no drug use history. Among people with no drug use history, current HCV infection prevalence was higher for people born during 1954–1965 versus after 1965, had completed high school or less versus at least some college and had past/present hepatitis B versus vaccinated for hepatitis B.

Conclusion

While the HCV infection burden was highest among people with an IDU history, we found a sizeable burden among people without such a history. These findings support policies and practices aimed at addressing disparities among people needing treatment.
Ratio changes in blood‐feeding and voltinism in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) over a latitudinal gradient in North America north of Mexico
Authors: McCreadie John W. , Adler Peter H.
Published: September 2024

We explored how the ratio of blood‐feeding behaviour—nonfeeding, bird feeding (ornithophily) and mammal feeding (mammalophily)—and voltinism (univoltine and multivoltine) vary over a latitudinal gradient from Alaska to Florida. These two fixed species traits were divided into five mutually exclusive combinations of trait states—nonfeeding/univoltine, ornithophilic/univoltine, mammalophilic/univoltine, ornithophilic/multivoltine and mammalophilic/multivoltine—within each of three datasets (north, east and west). We found a significant association between location (north, east and west) and trait state, which was driven by the large percentage of nonfeeding females in the north. When this trait state was removed, no significant differences were found for the remaining trait states and locations. Although the distribution of trait states did not differ between east and west datasets, the distribution with relation to 1° changes in latitude within each of these datasets showed distinct differences. In the east, both ornithophilic/univoltine and mammalophilic/univoltine species significantly increased with latitude, in proportion to the total species present. In contrast, the proportion of mammalophilic/multivoltine species decreased as latitude increased. Ornithophilic/multivoltine species in the east and the trait states in the west did not show any significant relationship to latitude.
Diplazium zangnanense, a new species of the twinsorus‐fern genus Diplazium (Athyriaceae) from Xizang Province, China
Authors: Lian Meng‐Jia , Wu Fei , Wei Ran , Zhang Xian‐Chun
Published: September 2024

Diplazium zangnanense, a new species of Diplazium Sw. from Medog county, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. Morphological comparisons between this new species and similar ones (e.g. D. kawakamii, D. medogense, D. muricatum, D. multicaudatum and D. spectabile) are provided. Molecular evidence shows that the new species is closely related to D. multicaudatum. The most distinctive characters of D. zangnanense are its decumbent to erect rhizomes, bicolorous scales with toothed margin on the stems, and oblong sori.
Analysis of chloroplast genomes of ten central Asian Fritillaria species and their phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Karimov Bobur , Asatulloev Temur , Buxorov G'iyos , Turginov Orzimat , Naralieva Nasibakhon , Azimova Dilnoza , Tojibaev Komiljon , Yusupov Ziyoviddin
Published: September 2024

Fritillaria is a taxonomically complex genus of Liliaceae that contains many important ornamental and medicinal species. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of ten Fritillaria species distributed in central Asia and compared them to previously sequenced Fritillaria cp genomes. Comparison of 36 Fritillaria species' cp genomes identified as useful potential molecular markers due to their high level of divergence three coding regions and 11 intergenic spacers. Effective single sequence repeats (SSRs) for population genetic studies of Fritillaria were also identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two recently described species, F. baisunensis and F. rugillosa belong to F. subg. Rhinopetalum, and that the belonging of F. ussuriensis and F. meleagroides in F. subg. Fritillaria should be revised. These two species and F. camschatsencese currently assigned to F. subg. Liliorhiza, should be members of the same taxonomic unit. Fritillaria subg. Liliorhiza, although a small group, is more complicated than it was previously thought, and apparently comprises species too distant to be in one subgenus. Fritillaria maximowischii, currently assigned to F. subg. Liliorhiza should be treated as a new subgenus.
Plant community‐specific greening patterns predict population size increases in a temperate herbivore
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Stevenson Ian , Pilkington Jill , Bal Xavier , Pemberton Josephine , Fenton Andy , Childs Dylan , Crawley Mick , Nussey Dan
Published: September 2024

Climate change‐driven impacts on vegetation productivity have been shown to drive mammalian herbivore population dynamics in Arctic and alpine environments. However, there is less evidence for temperate systems. To address this, we examined the contribution of increasing plant biomass in different vegetation communities (measured by NDVI, normalised difference vegetation index) and winter weather on the observed long‐term upward trend in the population of the Soay sheep of Hirta, St Kilda, UK. We found that biomass had increased in all vegetation communities present and increased the fastest in vegetation types preferred by the sheep. Specifically, those communities with high specific leaf area and Ellenberg's N, low leaf dry matter content. Peak summer NDVI and either winter average wind speed or winter North Atlantic Oscillation data added to the variance explained by a simple density dependence model of yearly sheep population growth rates. The highest explanatory power was found for preferred vegetation types including maritime cliff communities dominated by Plantago species, but also for both inaccessible (Rumex acetosa‐dominated) or unpreferred (Eriophorum vaginatum‐ or Sphagnum‐dominated) communities where seasonal variation more closely reflects productivity due to minimal grazing. Although the climate is getting windier and wetter, it is also getting warmer allowing increased plant productivity and this appears to be behind the long‐term increases in the Soay sheep population. Our study indicates that analysing key vegetation communities may reveal these links better than using landscape‐level averages, and that oceanic‐temperate systems may show similar climate‐driven herbivore population trends to those reported in Arctic and alpine systems.
Short‐to‐Mid‐Term Outcomes of Ipsilateral Femoral Head Autograft Combined with Uncemented Total Hip Replacement for Partial Periacetabular Defects Following Tumor Resection
Authors: Xie Mengzhang , Ye Qiang , Gong Taojun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Yitian , Lu Minxun , Luo Yi , Min Li , Tu Chongqi , Zhou Yong
Published: September 2024

Objective

Periacetabular tumors, especially in young to middle‐aged patients with invasive benign tumors or low‐grade malignant tumors involving type II or II + III, present significant challenges due to their rarity and the complexity of the anatomical and biomechanical structures involved. The primary difficulty lies in balancing the need to avoid unfavorable oncological outcomes while maintaining postoperative hip joint function during surgical resection. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of a surgical method involving partial weight‐bearing acetabular preservation combined with the use of an uncontaminated femoral head autograft to reconstruct the segmental bone defect after intra‐articular resection of the tumorous joint, providing a solution that ensures both oncological safety and functional preservation of the hip joint in these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study with a follow‐up period of at least 36 months. From January 2010 to October 2020, we reviewed 20 cases of patients under 60 year of age with periacetabular invasive benign tumors or primary low‐grade malignant tumors. All patients underwent reconstruction of the tumorous joint using autologous femoral head grafts. Data collected included patient age, gender, tumor type, preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, Harris Hip Scores (HHS), patient survival rates, postoperative tumor recurrence, and surgical complications. To analyze the data, we utilized various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics to summarize patient demographics and clinical characteristics, and paired sample t‐tests to compare preoperative and postoperative scores.

Results

The study included 20 patients, and a total median follow‐up was 83 months. Their pathologic diagnoses comprised 13 giant cell tumors (GCTs), 5 chondrosarcomas, one chondroblastoma, and 1 leiomyosarcoma. Postoperatively, the median differences in vertical and horizontal center of rotation (COR) were 3.8 and 4.0 mm. Median limb length discrepancy (LLD) postoperatively was 5.7 mm (range, 2.3–17.8 mm). Two patients (10%) experienced delayed wound healing, resolved with antibiotics and early surgical debridement. One patient experienced dislocation 3 months postoperatively, which was promptly addressed under general anesthesia without further dislocation.

Conclusion

Through multiplanar osteotomy with limited margins, femoral head autograft, and uncemented total hip replacement for pelvic segmental bone defects in selected patients in type II or II + III appears to be an encouraging limb‐sparing surgery worthy of consideration for carefully selected patients.