bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le genre narratif et ses poétiques
Authors: Giorgi Giorgetto
Published: November 2018

L’article analyse les nombreux travaux élaborés par la critique italienne (environ depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix du siècle dernier jusqu’à nos jours) sur le genre narratif du Grand Siècle et sur les poétiques qui l’ont codifié. Vu l’ampleur du sujet, deux critères ont été adoptés pour entreprendre cette complexe analyse : une articulation en époques (ont été regroupées, tout d’abord, les recherches qui concernent le genre narratif de l’âge baroque et, en second lieu, celles qui portent sur le genre narratif de l’âge classique) et une articulation qui prend en compte les multiples sous-genres qui caractérisent la narrativité (ont été en effet tour à tour examinés les travaux qui se rapportent à l’épopée, au roman – dans ses différentes formes –, à la nouvelle – dans ses diverses modalités –, et au conte de fées. Dans tous ces domaines, les exégètes italiens n’ont pas manqué d’avancer des propositions souvent originales, et en tout cas toujours dignes d’attention.
Un foyer de recherches sur Pascal et Port-Royal
Authors: Romeo Maria Vita
Published: November 2018

Un centre d’étude sur Pascal et le xvii e  est né auprès de l’université de Catane et il est devenu rapidement le centre d’un réseau italien d’études pascaliennes, qui partagent généralement le souci de dépasser une lecture de la pensée de Pascal comme « pensée fragmentée », déconstruite, marquée par une anthropologie négative et par une approche relativiste des problèmes de la connaissance. Le CESPES, opérant en collaboration avec des spécialistes français, a relancé également les études sur Port-Royal, notamment sur la dimension philosophique de la pensée des Solitaires. Il a favorisé la diffusion en Italie d’ouvrages en traduction, aussi bien de Pascal que de la critique française actuelle ou de quelques classiques de la critique. Une édition italienne des œuvres complètes de Pascal est en préparation.
La fabrique d’une résidence ministérielle : relecture de l’hôtel Séguier
Authors: Faisant Étienne
Published: November 2018

Reconnu comme une demeure de grande qualité dès le milieu du xvi e  siècle, le futur hôtel Séguier fut fortement amélioré pour le duc de Bellegarde à partir du milieu des années 1620. Ces importants travaux étant restés inachevés, il revint à Pierre Séguier, acquéreur de la propriété en 1634, de les faire terminer sur un plan encore plus imposant que celui prévu. Le chancelier fit ensuite à nouveau agrandir à plusieurs reprises son hôtel, au sein duquel il constitua notamment, à la fin de sa vie, une suite impressionnante de pièces entièrement dévolues à l’exercice de ses fonctions et à la parade.
À quoi nous sert Bion dans la clinique ?
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone
Published: November 2018

L’auteur soutient l’idée que l’œuvre de W. R. Bion, considérée comme ardue et abstraite, a en réalité des implications cliniques, en particulier pour les situations qui semblent échapper à l’approche psychanalytique classique, telles celles des enfants handicapés et les cliniques de l’extrême. Un exemple clinique permettra d’illustrer cela. Bion nous aide à comprendre la nature de la communication émotionnelle préverbale du nourrisson avec sa mère et, par extension, les niveaux de fonctionnement archaïques, non verbaux et émotionnels dans le fonctionnement intersubjectif entre adultes.
La prédiction algorithmique comme activité sociale
Authors: Reigeluth Tyler
Published: November 2018

À l’heure du machine learning les algorithmes sont de plus en plus observés et analysés en termes comportementaux. Plus encore, l’apprentissage algorithmique est généralement présenté comme l’automatisation du caractère prédictif de nos comportements. En se confrontant à ce problème, cette proposition met en lumière son arrière-fond cybernétique tout en proposant une alternative à la fois épistémologique et sociale qui passe par une réactivation de la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon. Il s’agira plus particulièrement de penser l’apprentissage algorithmique à l’aune de sa théorie du cycle de l’image, et ce afin d’élaborer un cadre conceptuel à partir duquel il est possible de problématiser celui-ci comme une activité sociale au sein de laquelle comportements machiniques et organiques, automatiques et inventifs ne se distribuent pas selon un partage ontologique préétabli, mais s’informent activement. Ce cadre nous permettra, en outre, de jeter les bases de nouvelles perspectives sociologiques sur l’apprentissage algorithmique.
Professions libérales et production du service public
Authors: Andreetta Sophie
Published: November 2018

Avec pour point d’entrée les affaires d’héritage à Cotonou, cet article aborde le parcours professionnel des notaires béninois, leur place dans la capitale économique et leur rôle dans les règlements successoraux, pour lesquels ils sont fréquemment désignés par le tribunal. Il détaille la manière dont la profession s’est construite depuis l’indépendance avant d’analyser les pratiques quotidiennes des notaires aujourd’hui. Il aborde les nombreuses critiques dont ils font l’objet et analyse les relations notaires/usagers lors des procédures d’exécution des jugements, apportant ainsi une contribution à la socio-anthropologie des administrations africaines en examinant le rôle des professions libérales dans la production des services publics. Cet article vient enfin nuancer une conception fréquente des systèmes judiciaires africains comme fonctionnant sur la base de dynamiques informelles.
Sur l’expropriation des expropriateurs
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: November 2018

En se fondant sur une explication généalogique, philologique et contextuelle de la célèbre formule sur « l’expropriation des expropriateurs » qui, figurant à la fin de la section sur la « tendance historique de l’accumulation capitaliste », passe pour en délivrer les conclusions politiques, on se propose de démontrer que le livre I du Capital, tout en formant indiscutablement une « œuvre », n’en est pas moins essentiellement inachevable, et par voie de conséquence ouvert sur une pluralité de conceptions de la lutte des classes. Pour les postmarxistes que nous sommes, la grande question est de savoir comment définir les alternatives que comporte le capitalisme contemporain, qui s’inscrit dans l’histoire après l’expérience du socialisme. Pour ce travail, la méditation des voies dans lesquelles Marx s’est engagé demeure une expérience sans égale, même si elle ne suffit pas.
Marx et le monde du droit
Authors: Quiviger Pierre-Yves
Published: November 2018

Y a-t‑il chez Marx quelque chose comme un « monde du droit » ? En admettant l’impureté essentielle du droit et l’impossibilité de l’abstraire du monde social et économique dans lequel il se déploie (et les rapports de force qu’il fige), y a-t‑il néanmoins une histoire propre à ces phénomènes impurs de et du droit – une « histoire du monde du droit » ? Si le droit n’est que reflet ou simple instrument, n’est-il pas néanmoins possible d’isoler conceptuellement la juridicité et de retracer l’histoire impure des manifestations concrètes de cette juridicité ? La discussion est théorique mais elle est aussi pratique : il s’agit de savoir si le droit est une ressource mobilisable dans des luttes émancipatrices ou s’il transporte avec lui inéluctablement les intérêts des classes dominantes.
Léon Dumont : sensibilité, plaisir et habitude
Authors: Dromelet Catherine
Published: November 2018

Léon Dumont (1837-1877) développe des réflexions philosophiques et physiologiques sur l’habitude qui révèlent une connaissance approfondie et critique des écrits de Maine de Biran, Ravaisson, Albert Lemoine et Comte. À la suite de Hamilton, il construit une science de la sensibilité qu’il nomme « esthétique », rompant avec la tradition de Baumgarten. Pour lui, l’habitude est conditionnée par le plaisir dans les êtres organiques dotés d’un certain degré de conscience, ce qui leur permet de s’autodéterminer et d’évoluer. Une contradiction apparaît dans le rôle attribué au plaisir : une habitude stabilisée diminue la sensibilité, laquelle est néanmoins nécessaire pour établir cette habitude. Dumont rend compte de la complexité du plaisir, ainsi que des alliances et des luttes des habitudes entre elles pour conserver une organisation efficace du point de vue de la sélection naturelle.
Bergson et la simultanéité (un chapitre oublié du Rire )
Authors: Aumand Marlène , Pigeard de Gurbert Guillaume
Published: November 2018

Bergson définit le temps par la succession, qui est création de nouveauté. Mais il prend des exemples qui relèvent non de la succession mais de la simultanéité, garante d’une autre différence, entre deux choses qui coexistent en même temps, c’est-à-dire l’individualité. Dans Le Rire , on trouve en outre un type de comique qui joue sur la duplication simultanée du même. Ces cas de comique engagent la différence entre la simultanéité naturelle d’individus différents et la simultanéité artificielle d’êtres identiques. Si la simultanéité mécanique du même fait rire, c’est bien que la simultanéité naturelle fonde les différences. Cet oubli de Bergson est d’autant plus surprenant que sa conception du temps repose sur une critique de celle de Kant, lequel avait précisément inclus la simultanéité dans le temps comme un de ses modes ; garant du « divers simultané ». Finalement, Bergson est contraint par sa controverse avec Einstein à réintégrer la simultanéité dans le temps.
Les grands événements et le rôle des expositions. Art et Culture de l’Expo 1911 à Rome
Authors: Strangio Donatella
Published: November 2018

Ce travail s’inspire de la constatation qu’un nombre de plus en plus élevé de villes rivalisent pour accueillir un certain type d’événements : en particulier, ceux que la littérature définit comme de grands événements. Il vise à trouver des réponses possibles à la question du lien entre les événements, notamment les grands événements, et les villes : il cherche en outre à éclairer un cas particulier de grand événement, l’Exposition internationale de Rome en 1911, peu connu dans la littérature. Le choix de l’étude de cas provient, d’une part, du caractère spécifique de l’événement, l’Exposition internationale Rome 1911, qui a eu lieu pendant une période également spécifique, le cinquantenaire de l’unification italienne ; d’autre part, de la ville de Rome qui, ayant accueilli un premier grand événement, constitue un exemple typique et emblématique pour décrire et comprendre les expositions que, dans ce cas, la capitale italienne a contribué à « dessiner ».
L’importance des micro-événements à Rio de Janeiro, ville des arts du spectacle
Authors: Herschmann Micael , Sanmartin Fernandes Cíntia
Published: November 2018

Après une lente et longue période de décadence socio-économique, politique et culturelle, voilà quelques années que la ville de Rio de Janeiro se hisse à nouveau à la première place de la scène nationale, notamment sur le plan culturel. Les pouvoirs publics essaient de retourner cette situation en attirant des investissements, en misant sur des stratégies de city marketing et en transformant la métropole en une localité plus mondialisée, qui se doit de concentrer des méga-événements. Parallèlement, ces dernières années, on a pu constater des tensions et des conflits qui ont conduit de nombreux acteurs à manifester pour dénoncer la dimension d’exclusion du « projet de ville » en cours. Ainsi, à partir de l’étude sur les initiatives artistiques réalisées dans les espaces publics de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, ce travail envisage d’analyser l’importance de ces expressions culturelles pour la construction d’un imaginaire, de sociabilités et d’un quotidien plus démocratique et interculturel.
Football, musique et narcissisme : quelques conjectures sur la chanson « Brésil, dis-moi ce qu’on ressent »
Authors: Alabarces Pablo
Published: November 2018

Pendant la Coupe du monde qui s’est tenue au Brésil en 2014, un grand nombre de supporters argentins ont fait le déplacement et ont déferlé dans les rues (bien plus que dans les stades) entonnant en chœur une chanson connue surtout pour son premier vers : « Brésil, dis-moi ce qu’on ressent ». Cette chanson, reprise d’une vieille mélodie du groupe de rock nord-américain Creedence Clearwater Revival , a été rapidement adoptée par des centaines de milliers de supporters au Brésil et en Argentine jusqu’à devenir virale sur les réseaux sociaux. En réponse à ce phénomène, nous proposons d’analyser la chanson, les traditions musicales et politiques sur lesquelles elle repose ainsi que la relation entre musique et nationalité qui en découle sans omettre d’interroger cette relation dans le cadre de l’histoire des Coupes du monde. Les agissements des supporters argentins prennent alors la forme d’une intervention musicale dans laquelle il est possible de lire la culture footballistique argentine, organisée par le narcissisme et la logique du tenir-bon ( aguante ).
Oxygen Diffusion May Limit the Biomechanical Effectiveness of Iontophoresis-Assisted Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Kling Sabine , Hafezi Nikki , Vinciguerra Paolo , Randleman J. Bradley , Hafezi Farhad
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the impact of varying treatment time on the efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking (I-CXL) in ex vivo porcine corneas.

METHODS:

One hundred twelve porcine corneas with intact epithelium were divided into 7 groups and analyzed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 received standard epitheliumoff CXL (S-CXL) with hypo-osmolaric 0.1% riboflavin and 30 minutes of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation at 3 mW/cm
2
, 10 minutes at 9 mW/cm
2
, or were not irradiated (controls). Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7 received I-CXL for either 60 minutes at 1.5 mW/cm
2
, 30 minutes at 3 mW/cm
2
, 10 minutes at 9 mW/cm
2
, or were not irradiated (controls). Elastic modulus and stress after relaxation of 5-mm wide corneal strips were analyzed.

RESULTS:

In the S-CXL groups, significant differences (
P
≤ .05) in stress-strain extensometry were found between controls and 3 mW/cm
2
for 30 minutes (group 1) and between controls and 9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes (group 2). In the I-CXL groups, only the 1.5 mW/cm
2
for 60 minutes setting (group 4) showed a significant stiffening effect. All epithelium-off groups provided a stiffening effect significantly stronger than I-CXL: with a stiffening effect of 149% and 112%, groups 1 and 4 were the groups with greater elastic modulus between the S-CXL and I-CXL groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The biomechanical effect of I-CXL increased significantly when using a low irradiance/long irradiation setting. Oxygen diffusion thus represents a limiting factor even when riboflavin penetration is improved via iontophoresis. Still less effective than S-CXL, this modification may help establish transepithelial CXL as a treatment option in selected cases.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(11):768–774.]
Implantation of a Corneal Inlay in Pseudophakic Eyes: A Prospective Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Elling Matthias , Schojai Merita , Schultz Tim , Hauschild Sarah , Dick H. Burkhard
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the clinical outcomes of binocular cataract surgery with and without pinhole corneal inlay implantation.

METHODS:

In the inlay-cataract group, a small aperture corneal inlay was implanted in addition to cataract surgery in the non-dominant eye and routine cataract surgery was performed in the dominant eye. In the control group, conventional cataract surgery was performed in both eyes in separate consecutive surgeries 2 weeks apart. The target refraction was emmetropia. Visual acuity, refraction, contrast sensitivity, and visual field were analyzed 1, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery.

RESULTS:

Sixteen patients with advanced cataracts underwent cataract surgery on both eyes in separate surgeries. There was no statistically significant difference regarding mean age, Lens Opacities Classification System grading, and refractive outcome. The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between the control group and inlay-cataract group was not statistically significant after 12 weeks (
P
= .59). Mean uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was significantly better in the inlay-cataract group (
P
= .03). Near visual acuity was better in the inlay-cataract group, but it was not statistically significant (
P
= .07). There was no statistically significant difference between groups under binocular photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare. The results of the visual field examination showed no statistically significant difference between both eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings demonstrate that implantation of monofocal IOLs in combination with a small aperture corneal inlay in the non-dominant eye helps to increase intermediate and near visual acuity. The implantation of small aperture corneal inlays seems to be an interesting alternative for pseudophakic patients who desire spectacle independence.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(11):746–750.]
Fruit colour and edge effects poorly explains frugivorous bird-plant interactions in disturbed semideciduous forests
Authors: Pires Luis Paulo , Gonçalves Vanessa Fonseca , Ferreira Giancarlo Ângelo , Camelo Flávio Roque Bernardes , Melo Celine de
Published: November 2018

Fruit colour is considered an important feature mediating interactions between plants and frugivorous birds. Despite that, colour mediated interactions are context-dependent, and habitat disturbances may affect how frugivorous birds perceive fruit colours. This study assessed the influence of fruit colour and edge effect on the consumption of artificial fruits by frugivorous birds in three disturbed semideciduous forests in southeastern Brazil. In each of those areas, we performed a field experiment in which we placed artificial fruits of three different colours on plants and recorded their consumption by birds. Red-coloured fruits were ingested more often than yellow, but neither of them was consumed differently from dark-blue. Edge effect only affected consumption of yellow fruits. Our data neither support the hypothesis of preferential consumption of the highest contrasting colours nor of increased fruit consumption in the forest interior. These findings indicate that colour and edge effects, as well as the interaction between them, may not be strong predictors of fruit choice by birds in disturbed environments, especially because generalist species, which are less sensitive to the physical alterations in forests, are favoured in these areas.
Implicações entre mídium e paratopia criadora: um caso de autoria exponencial
Authors: Salgado Luciana Salazar , Doretto Vitoria Ferreira
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo focalizamos o problema da autoria em S., publicado no Brasil em 2015 pela editora Intrínseca. Considerando-o um objeto editorial literário, mobilizamos a noção de paratopia criadora (Maingueneau, 2006) para examinar a constituição do lugar de autor como parte de um regime semântico em funcionamento. O caso: dois autores desaparecem ao romper-se o lacre da caixa que reveste o códice, daí em diante um autor-personagem e personagens-leitores-autores interagem num pertencimento paradoxal, complexificando os tempos das escritas, algumas subsequentes, outras simultâneas: temporalidades dadas pela dêixis discursiva e por uma série de objetos entre as páginas. Essa abordagem exige que se considerem aspectos da materialidade inscricional, convocados aqui sob a noção de mídium (Debray, 2000), e aspectos da constituição do valor dessa materialidade, produzido na conjugação de espaço canônico e espaço associado. Trata-se de assumir a perspectiva da mediação editorial para estudo da autoria como gestão.
Induction of a Long Noncoding RNA Transcript, NR_045064, Promotes Defense Gene Transcription and Facilitates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Responses against Cryptosporidium Infection
Authors: Li Min , Gong Ai-Yu , Zhang Xin-Tian , Wang Yang , Mathy Nicholas W. , Martins Gislaine A. , Strauss-Soukup Juliane K. , Chen Xian-Ming
Published: November 2018

Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic intestinal pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a central role in activating and orchestrating host immune responses against Cryptosporidium infection, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We report in this paper that C. parvum infection causes significant alterations in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Transcription of a panel of lncRNA genes, including NR_045064, in infected cells is controlled by the NF-κB signaling. Functionally, inhibition of NR_045064 induction increases parasite burden in intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of NR_045064 enhances the transcription of selected defense genes in host cells following C. parvum infection. Epigenetic histone modifications are involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in infected host cells. Moreover, the p300/MLL-associated chromatin remodeling is involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection. Expression of NR_045064 and associated genes is also identified in intestinal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice following phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide or LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrate that lncRNAs, such as NR_045064, play a role in regulating epithelial defense against microbial infection.
Colitis Promotes a Pathological Condition of the Liver in the Absence of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Mathies Franziska , Steffens Niklas , Kleinschmidt Doerte , Stuhlmann Friederike , Huber Francis J. , Roy Urmi , Meyer Thomas , Luetgehetmann Marc , von Petersdorff Mareike , Seiz Oliver , Herkel Johannes , Schramm Christoph , Flavell Richard A. , Gagliani Nicola , Krebs Christian , Panzer Ulf , Abdullah Zeinab , Strowig Till , Bedke Tanja , Huber Samuel
Published: November 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with extraintestinal diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis in the liver. Interestingly, it is known that an imbalance between Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells is involved in inflammatory bowel disease and also in primary sclerosing cholangitis. To explain these associations, one hypothesis is that intestinal inflammation and barrier defects promote liver disease because of the influx of bacteria and inflammatory cells to the liver. However, whether and how this is linked to the Treg and Th17 cell imbalance is unclear. To address this, we used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and T cell transfer colitis mouse models. We analyzed the pathological conditions of the intestine and liver on histological, cellular, and molecular levels. We observed bacterial translocation and an influx of inflammatory cells, in particular Th17 cells, to the liver during colitis. In the DSS colitis model, in which Treg were concomitantly increased in the liver, we did not observe an overt pathological condition of the liver. In contrast, the T cell–mediated colitis model, in which Treg are not abundant, was associated with marked liver inflammation and a pathological condition. Of note, upon depletion of Treg in DEREG mice, DSS colitis promotes accumulation of Th17 cells and a pathological condition of the liver. Finally, we studied immune cell migration using KAEDE mice and found that some of these cells had migrated directly from the inflamed intestine into the liver. Overall, these data indicate that colitis can promote a pathological condition of the liver and highlight an important role of Treg in controlling colitis-associated liver inflammation.
Formed coke activities with Canadian coals
Authors: Leeder W R , Whalley R J P
Published: November 2018

Preliminary results from CANMET and European formed coke laboratory tests suggest that most of Canada's coal, which is located in Western Canada, is not suitable as the sole binder in hot briquetting. Such coals are more suited to pitch binder processes and
possibly as a source of char for a hot briquetting process. However, an Eastern fluid, high volatile bituminous coal is an excellent binder for hot briquetting and it is possible that small coal deposits and selected seams of high volatile coal in Western Canada may be of a similar quality. In hot
briquettes made from metallurgical coke fines and Canadian and U.S. coking coals, the total dilatation of the binder coking coal was found to correlate with the crushing strength of the green briquettes.
Application of compound water cyclones for the processing of placer sand from the Burwash Creek, Y.T.
Authors: Visman J , Andersen N E
Published: November 2018

A project was carried out for Ponderay Exploration Co. to investigate the application of Compound Water Cyclones for the recovery of free and intergrown gold, silver and platinum from their claims on the Burwash Creek in the Kluane district, Y.T. Samples of the
deposit (top gravel) and of the products obtained from the sluice box presently installed on the property, were analysed for free gold and for magnetic constituents that are known to contain gold and platinum in intergrown form. In this report the results of three test runs made with a 2-stage 4-in.
Compound Water Cyclone test rig are reported. Recovery of free gold ranged from 95 to 99%. A 12-in. two-stage CWC installation is recommended for processing the minus 1/4-in , sand fraction of this deposit, in conjunction with a short hopper-sluice box for recovering coarse gold. The general
flowsheet is presented in Fig. 3.
A combustion and flame evaluation of two crude oil derivatives
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

The combustion, heat transfer and pollutant emission characteristics of two low-quality, crude-oil derivatives were evaluated in a flame research furnace. Using No. 2 and No. 6 oil as reference fuels, internal and external flame probing revealed that the
crude-oil derivatives burned much like No. 2 oil while their pollutant concentrations were intermediate between those from No. 2 and No. 6 oil. Either of the crude-oil derivatives can be used as alternative fuels in industrial processes where No. 2 and No. 6 oil are burned on an interchangeable
basis. Combustion performance charts for each of the four fuels are given in the Appendix.
The evaluation of coke quality
Authors: Botham J C , Reeve D A , Leeder W R
Published: November 2018

yes
Effects of thermal hydrocracking on the compound-type distribution in Athabasca bitumen
Authors: George A E , Banerjee R C , Smiley G T , Sawatzky H
Published: November 2018

The changes in the chemical composition of Athabasca bitumen due to thermal hydrocracking under varying severities of treatment were studied. The main reaction appeared to be the cleavage of saturated hydrocarbon structures from aromatic clusters resulting in
large increases in the saturated hydro- carbon fraction as well as decreases in molecular weights, aromatic fraction increased very substantially in weight with severity of treatment but the increase in the number of mononuclear aromatic structures The mononuclear was even more marked. The dinuclear
aromatic fraction decreased in weight but the number of these structures increased. The polynuclear aromatic and polar fractions decreased markedly in weight but the number of polynuclear aromatic structures changed only slightly. The most severe treatment almost eliminated the asphaltenes and the
basic materials. The changes in the sulphur contents of the various fractions were followed and are discussed. Attempts are made to partially explain the conversions during these treatments by thermal hydrogen transfer-aromatization reactions.
Evaluation of a laboratory hybrid warm-air heating system
Authors: Brown T D , Dunfield T J
Published: November 2018

An evaluation of a hybrid warm-air heating system assembled at the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory (CCRL) by combining an Aero retention-head burner and a Beach furnace showed that the hybrid system had performance characteristics either equivalent or
superior to the apparent systems. The improved system performance has been attributed to enhance burner performance
Cyclic performance tests on the blue-ray bfh 0.75 warm-air heating system
Authors: Brown T D , Braaten R W
Published: November 2018

Cyclic testing of the Blue-ray BFH 0.75 oil-fired warm-air heating system has shown that, when the system is fired with a high (60%) aromatic No. 2 oil, failure can occur in less than 3000 cycles. This failure, which was due to ignition electrode bridging by
carbon deposits on the nozzle shroud, was not preceded by performance deterioration and no warning of failure was given. The modifications developed in field trials of the system have not eliminated problems due to carbon deposition
The performance of the carswell 300c warmair furnace during a 6000cycle test
Authors: Braaten R W , Brown T D
Published: November 2018

A laboratory evaluation of the Carswell 300-C warm-air furnace under cyclic conditions equivalent to two heating seasons showed no significant deterioration in performance. The operating smoke level throughout the test program was a Bacharach No. 1 and the CO2
remained above 10.5%. The furnace showed only a slight reduction in heat transfer due to soot accumulation corresponding to a drop in efficiency from above 85% to 83%.
Thermal hydrocracking of topped Cold Lake bitumen
Authors: Ranganathan R , Pruden B B , Denis J M
Published: November 2018

In this study, pilot plant experiments are described in which topped Cold Lake bitumen was thermally hydrocracked. The experiments consisted of a short run series at different temperatures and a long run to provide hydrocracked product and to assess longer term
operation with Cold Lake feedstock. The results indicate that topped Cold Lake bitumen can be thermally hydrocracked for pitch conversions up to 50% and that the topping operation seemed to have eliminated many of the operational problems associate with water in the Cold Lake heavy
oil.
Suspension firing of reject coal fines Quebec iron and titanium company
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: November 2018

A pilot-scale experimental project to establish the flame stability and combustion characteristics of reject coal fines in a swirl-stabilized flame is described. The coal fines were found to require 25% of the thermal input to the flame as either distillate
oil or gas to produce an adequately stable flame. When this level of support was used combustion efficiencies were found to be above 90% and the heat transfer distribution from the flame differed marginally from that due to a No. 2 oil flame.
Comparison of thermal hydrocracking and thermal cracking of Athabasca bitumen at low conversions
Authors: Logie R B , Ranganathan R , Pruden B B , Denis J M
Published: November 2018

yesThe results obtained at mild thermal hydrocracking conditions are The properties of products obtained from thermal hydrocracking are reported. compared with the products from thermal cracking. The thermal hydrocracking data are also evaluated from the view
point of pipelining the product. The viscosity results indicate that pitch conversion of about 50% is sufficient to meet pipeline viscosity specifications. The variations in the contents of sulphur, nitrogen, asphaltenes, benzene insolubles, hydrogen consumption, hydrocarbon gas-make, aromatics
and olefins at the mild hydrocracking conversions are also discussed.
Effect of fuel aromatic content on visible radiation from flames in a tobacco kiln burner
Authors: Brown T D , Hayden A C S
Published: November 2018

The visible radiation from No. 2 oil flames has been used to monitor the solid emissions from a tobacco kiln burner. The results show clearly that the visible radiation, which originates from hot soot particles, increases as the aromatic content of the soot
increases. An accelerating rate of increase is observed as the aromatic content exceeds 40%. It appears likely therefore that soot deposition problems during the tobacco curing process are the consequence of using a No. 2 oil blend which contains over 40% aromatics.
An evaluation of the Perolin Baco multipurpose fuel oil additive
Authors: Hayden A C S , Whaley H
Published: November 2018

A series of tests to evaluate the Perolin Baco Multipurpose fuel oil additive were conducted in a small package boiler using No. 6 residual fuel oil as a reference fuel. During the tests, each of which were of 48- hours duration, S02, NO, smoke emission and soot
deposition were measured along with relevant combustion performance parameters. No changes were detected which could be attributed to the use of the additive.
Instrumental anticipation of defluidization of heated beds of caking coal (part ii)
Authors: Whaley B J P , Lau I T
Published: November 2018

This report is a continuation of our previous work in the application of differential temperature (DT) probes to fluidized beds for anticipating defluidization. Additional experiments and changes in techniques and instrumentation improved the precision of the
relationships between operating conditions and the incipient defluidization temperature and the anticipation of defluidizat ion. A mechanism for defluidization of a wall-heated fluidized bed is proposed, and experimental results are explained by using this proposed mechanism together with general
wall-bed heat transfer theories. It appears that DT probes can detect defluidization, and its significant time can permit remedial measures to prevent complete bed collapse.
Evaluation of a modified carswell 300-C warm air furnace
Authors: Braaten R W , Brown T D
Published: November 2018

A Carswell 300-C warm-air furnace was modified by the removal of two heat exchanger tubes which had been identified previously as contributing the least amount of heat transfer. The removal of the two tubes reduced the unit efficiency by 1% when the system
was fired at 1.0 US gph and by 1.-2% when the system was fired at 0.75 US gph. The absolute level of efficiency remained above 82% at all CO2 concentrations above 91 %.
Separation and identification of sulphur compounds in the aromatic fraction of Lloydminster heavy oil
Authors: Poirier M A , George A E
Published: November 2018

A procedure for the separation and identification of organic sulphur compounds from synthetic fuels have been investigated on the naphtha (ibp- 200°C) and a distillate fraction (200-350°C) of the hydrocracked Lloydminster oil. The method permits the
concentration of the sulphur compounds from a hydrocarbon mixture. Some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons have been found in the sulphur concentrate. The separation method has been first applied to pure alkyl and aryl sulphides and aromatic hydrocarbons of varied structure covering the investigated
boiling range. This procedure employs liquid-solid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The sulphur compounds were concentrated in the aromatic fraction by means of silica gel chromatography. The sulphide and thiophenic cut was obtained from dual packed silica gel alumina
chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Height series of sulphur compounds were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry
Catalytic hydrocracking of residuums via the H-oil process
Authors: Hardin A H
Published: November 2018

yes
Bitumen sulphur and nitrogen conversions over extruded CoMoAl2O3 at six temperatures and five H2 flow rates
Authors: Hardin A H
Published: November 2018

Extruded Co-Mo-A1203 catalysts were prepared as part of a study of ways to overcome dense skin layers found in pressure pelleted catalysts. In this work the effects of varying hydrogen flow rate from 500 scf/bbl to 7000 scf/bbl have been studied. In each case the
sulphur, nitrogen and gravity changes were determined sequent1ally at six temperatures. Reactions were run at 2000 psig and each temperature for two hours at steady-state. This was preceded by a two hour stabilization period. As expected, the sulphur conversions increased almost linearly with
temperature for each H2 flow rate. The maximum was at 87 wt % removed for 460°C, 2000 psig and 7000 scf H2/bbl.. The sulphur conversion rose from 2 wt % removed at 350°C, 2000 psig and 500 scf H2/bbl. There was essentially no nitrogen conversion below 400°C at H2 flow rates
less than 7000 scf/bbl, i.e. it was less than 3 wt % N removed. From 400°C up to 460°C the nitrogen conversions also increased almost linearly. The maximum attained was 56 wt % N removed at 460°C, 2000 psig and 7000 scf H2/bb1. Specific gravities dropped from 0.995 at
350°C (500 scf H 2/bbl) to a minimum of 0.881 at 460°C (7000 scf/bbl). The incremental sulphur, nitrogen and gravity improvements at 460°C from 500 to 7000 scf H2/bb1 were 5 wt %, 9 wt % and 0.019, respectively. Comparison of the conversions for constant temperatures and
increasing flow rates shows that a significant increase occurs from 500 to 1000 scf/bbl. Above that, however, the increasing partial pressure has relatively minor effects.
Upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils by the CANMET hydrocracking process Lloydpiinster atmospheric residuum/cm01 preliminary trials. pilot plant series 59-66, 67-68 and 69, 1979
Authors: Pruden B B , Patmore D J , Logie R B , Khulbe C P , Ranganathan R , Belinko K , Tscheng J
Published: November 2018

Series 79-CG-59 to 66 was a short run series terminated at 455 °C (85% conversion) because of crossover line plugging. The reactor had 1500 g of coke, mainly in the bottom sections, with a light dusting at the top. Series 79-CG-67 and 68 were attempts to
optimize CM01 catalyst addition. These runs were plagued with feeding problems from the start. Shut-down was caused by a plug in the crossover line following the taking of a reactor sample. Run 79-CG-69 was an attempted repeat which was shut down because of crossover line plugging. This report
documents the experiments primarily with regard to pilot plant operation. In addition, product yield and quality is given for reactor temperatures of 420, 440 and 450°C at 2000 psi, LHSV = 1.0, gas rate 7270 scF/bbl at 85% hydrogen, with 1% CM01 additive.
A method for the determination of olefin conent in petroleum distillate fractions by hydroboration
Authors: Poirier M A , George A E
Published: November 2018

This study was prompted by a perceived need for a reliable method for determining olefin content in petroleum distillate fractions. Results from the standard Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption (FIA) method are highly dependent upon interpretation by the analyst,
and the method is not applicable to boiling ranges higher than naphtha. An accu1·ate analytical method for the determination of olefin content in naphtha and higher boiling distillate fractions is described. The procedure comprises quantitative addition of diborane that specifically converts
the olefins in the petroleum sample to alcohols. The reaction mixture is chromatographed on alumina, and alcohols are eluted with dichloromethane. The procedure was applied to two hydrocarbon mixtures of 20 saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the investigated boiling range. Naphtha
(ibp-200°c) and light gasoil (200-350°C) fractions from the Lloydminster oil were also analyzed. Results are compared with the standard FL\ method, and a method utilizing both the FIA and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry.
Status report on WRL mobile water treatment plant
Authors: Hashmi K A , Hamza H A
Published: November 2018

This is a status report on the mobile water treatment plant designed and being constructed at the Western Research Laboratory, Edmonton . First stage of the construction phase, comprising modification of the trailer unit was completed on time (June 1979) .
Equipment installation which constitutes the second stage, is nearing completion with only piping and electrical work still in progress at the time of writing. To date -work has progressed close to scheduel, but some delays are anticipated in completion of the remaining work. To transport the unit,
in the city or highway, a permit will be required from the local department of highways and Mater Transport Board .
Indicators of coking during hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils
Authors: Belinko K , Logie R B , Khulbe C P , Tscheng J , Ranganathan R , Patmore D , Pruden B
B
Published: November 2018

Variations in the difference between the skin and inside temperatures of the reactor during hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils were correlated with the quantity of solids deposited on the reactor wall. These temperature variations, measured at four different
levels within the reactor, were found to provide a good indication of the extent of solids accumulation in the reactor during a run. The effect was attributed to the relatively low thermal conductivity of the solids, which necessitates a greater temperature driving force to maintain a constant
reaction temperature. The influences of operational upsets and of shifts in exothermic and endothermic zones within the reactor on the temperature effect were also investigated. The role of additives as inhibitors or promoters of coke formation is discussed in light of the results of pilot plant
runs. The character of the coke produced had a greater effect on the operation of the system than did the quantity produced. The role of the additive was therefore to sufficiently modify the character of the coke produced to render it benign in the process. The different theories that have been
proposed to explain the interaction between the additive and the coking medium are presented
Upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils by the CANMET hydrocracking process 2 Lloydminster vacuum bottoms
Authors: Patmore D J , Pruden B B , Khulbe C P , Ragnanathan R , Tscheng J , Belinko K , Logie R
Published: November 2018

A series of short runs were carried out on Lloydminster heavy oil vacuum bottoms. The temperature was varied from 410 to 465°C, the space velocity was held at 1.5, the pressure was 13.89 MPa and the gas recycle « rate was 48.1 and 65.1 1/h. Over the
temperature range studied pitch conversion varied from 25.8 to 86.6 wt % and sulphur conversion increased from 15.2 to 59.9%. During the two runs at the highest temperatures (460 and 465oC) AT 5RC decreased from -15 o C to -31oC, and after shutdown 192 g of reactor deposit was
observed.
Thermal coal washing for slurry pipeline testing
Authors: Mikhail M W , Humeniuk O E
Published: November 2018

A 54 tonne raw coal sample composited from Judy Creek seams 3, 5 and 7 was submitted by Esso Mineral for use in pilot plant washing tests at Western Research Laboratory (WRL) and in slurry pipeline tests at Saskatchewan Research Council. The sample (54 tonnes)
was not representative of the Judy Creek deposit. One-quarter of the sample was washed and the clean product along with raw coal samples shipped to Saskatchewan Research Council for slurry pipeline testing. Raw coal containing 18066 KS/Kg (33.2% ash-db) was crushed to minus 10mm and washed at
cutpoints of 1.59 and 1.87. The clean products containing 23865 and 21911 KS/Kg (db) were obtained with thermal recoveries of 67.58 and 81.4% respectively. Crushing the coal to 10mm top-size improved the recoverability of coal at specific gravity cutpoints below 1.8. No significant size
degradation was observed as a result of washing. The clean coal products from the two tests were blended giving a composite of 20.4% ash and shipped along with raw coal crushed to minus 10mm and coarse coal (minus 50.8mm) for slurry pipeline testing.
The effects of pore size in MoO3-CoO-Al2O3
Authors: Hardin A H , Ternan M , Packwood R H
Published: November 2018

yes
Upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils by the CANMET hydrocracking process Cold Lake vacuum bottoms z 79-cg-77 to 83; 30 day operation part iii: results and analysis
Authors: Breslauer H E , Pruden B B , Khulbe C P , Ranganathan R , Belinko K , Logie R B
Published: November 2018

An experiment designed to show long term operability and coke laydown was conducted for 30 days using Cold Lake Vacuum Bottoms at conversion above 85%. The experiment was broken into three parts: 7 days operation at 447° C, 13 days operation at
448°C and 3 days operation after a major process upset which resulted in decreasing conversion. Product properties and variables are discussed in terms of total plant performance. The role of oil feed interruption and gas flow interruption in the subsequent plant operation is
discussed.
L'influence du type de poêle a bois sur le rendement
Authors: Hayden A C S , Braaten R W
Published: November 2018

Using an indirect stack loss method to measure efficiency and performance characteristics, the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory (CCRL) has carried out a series of experiments on wood-fired space heaters (stoves). A good stove design should allow the heater
to run a majority of the time at a reasonably low-excess air level and flue gas temperature without producing excessive emissions of incomplete combustion products. Results on five different stove types show that a fireplace or non-airtight stove is very inefficient and can have high emissions,
while a well-designed and well-constructed airtight stove may have efficiencies as high as 77%. In particular, sidedraft designs and, to a lesser extent, horizontal baffle designs appear to offer potential for higher efficiencies and lower emissions than other stove
types.
Upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen by the CANMET hydrocracking process: Cold Lake vacuum bottoms with 200 mesh additive - runs 79-CG-92 to 98. Product qualities and additive bed characterization
Authors: Patmore D J , Belinko K , Khulbe C P , Logie R B , Ranganathan R , Tscheng J
Published: November 2018

A long run series with Cold Lake vacuum bottoms was carried out using 200 mesh additive under a pressure of 13.89 MPa (2000 psi), a space velocity of 0.75 h-1 and agas recycle rate of 5.86 m3/h (API). The temperature was increased in steps from 410 to 448°c
over an eight-day period, and kept at this temperature for 21 days. The average pitch and sulphur conversions achieved during the 21-day run were 85.5 and 55.9 wt %. During this run frequent reactor samples were withdrawn to control the additive bed and to fully characterize the reactor bed
solids. These solids which had specific gravities of between 2.0 and 2.5 were found to consist of 40 to 50 wt % of a mixture of Vi, Ni and Fe sulphides and 30 to 40 wt % of organic material leaving a difference of 20 wt % assumed to be coal minerals (excluding iron). The metal
concentrations on these materials decreased from bottom to middle of the reactor and were within the ranges: V, 6-13%; Ni, 2-3%; Fe, 12-16% and S, 15-20%. The atomic ratio of total metals to sulphur was about 1 to 1.1 consistent with a mixture of V2S3, NiS and
FeS.
Coke suppressing agents for CANMET hydrocracking
Authors: Belinko K , Ranganathn R , Patmore D J , Khulbe C P
Published: November 2018

A batch autoclave test for screening additives was used to evaluate different minerals as processing aids (i.e., coke-suppressing agents) for hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils. Coal impregnated with iron sulphate and pyrite were found to be the most
effective hydrogenation agent and cokesuppressing agents of the different minerals tested. There was no significant improvement either in terms of pitch conversion or product quality when the coal/FeS04 and pyrite were used as additives suggesting that their role was specific to stablizing the high
molecular weight hydrocarbons which contribute to coke formation (i.e., the coke precursors). A pyrrhotite ore was also tested but found to be inactive as a processing aid. Iron sulphate alone was found to slightly reduce the amount of coke produced during hydrocracking, but it was notas effective
as pyrite or coal / Feso4.
Estimated results for hydrocracking of Ultramar bottoms (a light-85( using CANMET hydrocracking process
Authors: Patmore D , Ranganathan R , Khulbe C P , Tscheng J , Logie R
B
Published: November 2018

yesUltramar is undertaking a study to evaluate the CANMET Hydrocracking Process for upgrading vacuum bottoms at Ultramar. In this report, estimated results on product qualities are presented to the feedstock selected by Ultramar. The Cold Lake atmospheric and
vacuum residue data were used to estimate the data. It should be noted that this data is only an estimation and hence for reliable data actual feed characterization experiments have to be done for the selected feedstock.