bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Lymphocyte Counts in the Early Phase of Acute Pancreatitis Are Associated With Infected Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Zhou Jing , Chen Wensong , Liu Yang , Qu Cheng , Jiang Wendi , Yin Jiangtao , Lin Jiajia , Mao Wenjian , Ye Bo , Zhou Jing , Ke Lu , Tong Zhihui , Liu Yuxiu , Li Weiqin
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was reported to be associated with immunosuppression and the development of IPN. The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory of ALC during the early phase of AP and assess its association with IPN.

METHODS:

We retrospectively screened patients with AP admitted to our center between January 2016 and July 2019. The ALC levels for the first 7 days after admission were collected. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed to detect the trajectories. Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to identify potential risk factors of IPN.

RESULTS:

Overall, 292 patients were enrolled for analysis. A triple-group trajectory model was developed, assigning 116 patients to the low-level ALC group, 133 to the medium-level ALC group, and 43 to the high-level ALC group. There was no overall significant difference regarding the incidence of IPN among the 3 groups (P = 0.066). In pairwise comparison, patients in the low-level ALC group had significantly higher incidence of IPN than those in the high-level ALC group (hazard ratio: 3.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–10.00, P = 0.020). Length of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay differed significantly among patients with different trajectories (P = 0.042 and 0.033, respectively).

DISCUSSION:

Despite the fact that the trajectories of ALC is overall insignificant for the development of IPN, patients with persistent low ALC trajectories during the early phase of AP are more likely to develop IPN when compared with patients with high ALC trajectories.
FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF ICF CLASSIFICATION TO EVALUATE PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE IN RESEARCH
Authors: Siverová Jarmila , Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka
Published: October 2021

Neurological conditions are associated with a high level of disability, which affects the overall quality of life of patients and their integration in society. As the disease progresses, self-sufficiency and mobility gradually deteriorate. These limitations are made easier by the use of appropriate compensatory aids and the modification of the environment. The sample included a total of 56 patients with neurological diseases—Multiple Sclerosis (41), Parkinson’s disease (14), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1). Women prevailed in the sample, accounting for 73%. The average age of the patients in the sample was 59.4, ranging from 38 to 81 years. Clinical forms of the ICF classification (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) were used to record the information on the functional state of the patients. The most information was obtained from the ICF classification component Restrictions on Activities and Participation. The qualifiers of performance and capacity point out the supportive use of assistance (e.g. adjustment of the environment, compensatory aids) to improve the participation in patient’s life. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's functional health using the ICF classification, we can obtain his/her functional profile. This information can be used when planning the nursing and rehabilitation care.
Notes from the Editors, October 2021
Authors: The Editors -
Published: October 2021

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What was most significant about the published Part I of the report was that it revealed that even in the most optimistic projection of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways—in which carbon emissions globally peak in the next four years, a 1.5°C increase in global average temperature over preindustrial levels would be avoided until 2040, and the goal of net zero carbon emissions would be reached by 2050—the consequences for global humanity would nonetheless be catastrophic by the measure of all historical precedents.
The Synthesizing Impulse: J. B. S. Haldane
Authors: Sheehan Helena
Published: October 2021

By any standards, John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892–1964) was a fascinating man. An eminent scientist, prolific writer and speaker, fiery political activist, and all-round colorful character, he has been the subject of several full-length biographies and multiple biographical sketches.
A systematic review on education 4.0 using social media platform
Authors: Sanjeev Rinku , Natrajan Nidhi Shridhar
Published: October 2021

Education plays a pivotal role in acquiring knowledge and developing skills. The knowledge acquired and skills developed helps in building better careers. This also supports our personal life by making us better informed about social, cultural and political contexts. With the popularity and ubiquitous nature of the internet, online education has become the preferred way of teaching- learning process. Technological advancements have made this possible. Learning management systems have been used for a long time, it provides better organization of content and smooth evaluations. The MOOC has taken this online pattern to a next level of quality education. However, this approach of blended learning involves less interaction as it mainly depends on asynchronous mode of learning. The use of social media tools supports in overcoming this problem and provides a platform to build highly interactive student centric online courses. Using such disruptive technology in education has been termed as Education 4.0. The level of learner engagement with the content and the tutor enhances through the use of social media learning tools. This creates a need to understand the various aspects of social media based education. The current study is an attempt to understand the trends in online education and tries to identify the factors related to usage of social media in education. further, based on factors related to social media usage, the study also identifies the themes.
An evaluation of Nigerian timber production and forest reserves: focus on economic implications of food security, 1981 - 2014
Authors: Ani Kelechi Johnmary , Nwadike Gerald , Anikelechi Ijeoma Genevieve
Published: October 2021

The place of timber and forest reserves to national development cannot be neglected. This study evaluates level of timber production and forests reserves as well as its implications for food security in Nigeria from 1981 to 2014. The objective of the study is to evaluate the significant impact of timber production and forests reserves on food security in Nigeria. In an attempt to examine this, error correction model diagnostic tests process ECM, ADF unit root test, Structural VAR approach, and Co-integration test were employed in the data analysis. The research findings revealed that timber production and forests reserves have significant impact on food security in Nigerian economy within the period under review. In the light of the research findings, the researcher recommends that Timber production and forests reserves should be strengthened to increase the effect of forests reserves on food security in the country. This can be achieved through increased productivity and the development of agriculture value chain in federal government policy and implementation process.
Family in contemporary society
Authors: Mitic Branislav , Faganel Armand , Mitić Maša
Published: October 2021

Family as a concept is flexible, thus prone to changes concerning the needs of the modern industrial society. Roles within the family are structured following the contemporary conditions, following the emancipation of women, reduction in the male workforce due to mechanization, and increased presence of grandparents as caregivers, due to increased life expectancy. The main objective of this scientific work is to analyse relevant standpoints regarding the function and sustainability of family, while taking into account external influences such as economic status, political situation, as well as societal norms and values. The identification of these challenges helps us determine the extent to which family structure and function is able to adopt to rapid globalisation that is taking place. Globalization is opening many doors, giving us freedom of choice in terms of family structure and roles, while simultaneously forcing us to find our identity through labeling ourselves as “this”, “that”, or “the next best alternative”. Higher living standards constrain our possibility of choice, as fewer children mean less economic burden, but more attention is spent on them. The boomerang effect of childhood is what emphasizes the importance of a stable home.
Elaboration of opportunity study necessary to provide public transport services on the administrative territory of the municipality Tîrgu-Mureş
Authors: Petrescu Relly Victoria Virgil , Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu
Published: October 2021

This study presents and processes briefly the defining elements that characterize the system and the public transport service of TÎRGU-MUREŞ Municipality in 2015. The first contact with the "Târgu-Mureş" entity can only be achieved through a major interest in the land and the inhabitants. The Municipality of Târgu-Mureş, the county seat of Mureş, with an area of 6,696 ha and a population of approximately 150,000 inhabitants, is one of the big municipalities of Romania, a major road and air junction, a powerful center of polarization of socio-economic activity at regional level. Only 12 districts (with an area of 3201.37 hectares) can be identified for Târgu-Mureş municipality alone. The transport operator acting as the main service agent for the Tîrgu-Mureş urban area, namely S.C. Local Transportation S.A. operates as a joint stock company under the authority of the Municipal Council. Vehicle Park of S.C. Siletina Impex S.R.L. and Local Transportation S.A. Tîrgu-Mureş used for the local public transport activity is also presented in the paper. The economic and financial situation for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 are summarized.
Aspects of a Bandkeramik settlement near Olteni in Transylvania
Authors: Saile Thomas , Dębiec Maciej , Buzea Dan
Published: October 2021

In Transylvania, settlements of the Transdanubian Linienbandkeramik (LBK) are predominantly found in the Braşov Depression. Excavations at the LBK settlement of Olteni, located on the right bank of the Olt River, brought to light the fragmented remains of at least two ground plans of Early Neolithic longhouses. These are the first convincing evidence of such structures in Romania. The pottery allows dating the site to a later Notenkopf phase of the LBK. Among the ceramic pieces, a fragment of a small altar and several multiply perforated objects are particularly conspicuous; this is the first time sieves have been discovered in an LBK context in Romania. In addition, the Olteni site yielded the most extensive collection of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic plastic in the entire Eastern Bandkeramik milieu.
Szuburbanizációs folyamatok és társadalmi konfliktusok magyarországon a rendszerváltás után
Authors: Gaálné Szabó Edith
Published: October 2021

Research carried out this far in Hungary focusing spatial structures were mainly displayed concerning settlements struggling with poverty. Lately, these works have been expanded to examine settlements which are beneficiary of the process of suburbanization.Mostly young citizens with higher social status move into these suburban settlements escalating the number of conflicts with the native inhabitants. Local communities weaken as the newcomers grow in number seeking primarily self-realization or recreation purposes. The exposing social tensions are substantially similar to the axiological characteristics change occurred during the second demographic transition. Beyond the heterogeneous demographic characteristics of the native inhabitants and the immigrants, politics deepens these conflicts by acting on self-interest in these suburban settlements.This paper aims to demonstrate the process of suburbanization by analysing the literature review of the centre-periphery model applied on the Hungarian settlement patterns, revealing the local challenges of two suburban settlement: Budajenő and Tinnye. Exploring and understanding the conflicts caused by segregation and migration on suburban settlements may aid us resolve or ease those tensions.
Az európai identitás kérdése az európai fiatalok körében
Authors: Katics Eszter
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the presence of the European identity with a particular focus on youth in EU member and candidate states. It introduces the most important theoretical and some of the recent empirical works on the subject, and offers a statistical analysis based on the data of the Eurobarometer survey between 2011-2019. This period involves the time of the migration crisis and the end of the financial and economic crisis, which gives an added value to the research. The empirical findings touch upon the relationship of the national identity and the European identity in the countries in question, and a special focus is made on EU citizenship.
Egyesült államokbeli apák gyakorlati szerepvállalása a kisgyermekgondozásban
Authors: Árki Diána
Published: October 2021

In my review of the literature, I aim to present the roles that men play in caring for their young children in the US. On weekdays, the father continues to be primarily a breadwinner, while the image of a fully involved “new father” appears mainly at the weekends. Men are primarily involved in activities that are related to free time and direct interaction to their children. The father’s role in childcare can be influenced by individual social and economic status, such as income, education, labour market position and available time; and also, by his attitude to different gender roles, value priorities and religiosity.
Varieties of Digital Work
Authors: Ruiz Ben Esther
Published: October 2021

In this article I develop a typology of digital work forms. Moving beyond the numerous conceptualisations of digital work, too focused on virtual work and neglecting material and invisible forms of digital work, I argue that to understand the global, interconnected varieties of digital work, it is necessary to apply a relational perspective that situates different forms of work and their linkages at the centre of the analysis. I propose a typology based on the relation to the process of work digitalisation. Further, I explain the linkages between various forms of digital work through the global exchange of tasks, materials and expertise resources. The typology serves as a heuristic tool for considering the broader implications of digitalisation for work and employment in terms of control and coordination as well as regulation and classification between linked workspaces, which I show using the example of the varieties of digital work needed to enable the use of smartphones.
 KEYWORDS: Digital work; globalisation; virtual work; digitisation; Total Social Organisation of Labour
The Fragility of the Labour Corridors to Costa Rica and the United States: Precarious Migrant Workers in Central America
Authors: Morales-Gamboa Abelardo
Published: October 2021

Central American migration flows take place mostly through two main corridors: the northern corridor to the United States, and the southern corridor to Costa Rica. Using the concept of fragility, in this article I analyse how migration combines the precarity and vulnerability that Central American workers face, both in their home country and in the corridors toward the destination labour markets. Their movements and the conditions they encounter reflect a new scale of local and transnational labour relationships. Migrant workers constitute a segment of the workforce in transnational corridors, which circulates between several informal activities but also among key sectors of the formal economy; the latter often takes advantage of their social, occupational and even legal difficulties.
Keywords: Central America; migrant workers; labour markets; informal economy; labour corridors
Rediscovering St Mary's Fort, the founding site of the Maryland colony
Authors: Parno Travis G. , Horsley Timothy J.
Published: October 2021

Geophysical survey and test excavations have located the remains of St Mary's Fort, the 1634 fortified settlement built by the European settler-colonists who founded the Maryland colony. The archaeological remains contrast with historical descriptions of St Mary's Fort, offering a unique opportunity to understand Maryland's earliest and most poorly documented period of colonial life.
Influence of Silica Fume on Mechanical Properties and Microhardness of Interfacial Transition Zone of Different Recycled Aggregate Concretes
Authors: Patil Suhas Vijay , Rao K. Balakrishna , Nayak Gopinatha
Published: October 2021

Several countries have started using recycled aggregate as a partial replacement to natural aggregate in concrete. Recycled aggregate contains adhered mortar, which distinguishes it from the natural aggregate. In the present study, natural coarse aggregates were entirely replaced by two kinds of recycled coarse aggregates. The recycled aggregates obtained from the jaw crushing method were named recycled coarse aggregate-1 and the aggregates that were further processed by the ball milling method were named recycled coarse aggregate-2. The performance of control concrete and two kinds of recycled coarse aggregate concretes were studied experimentally with respect to mechanical properties. Results indicate that the processing method to obtain recycled coarse aggregates plays an important role in developing the required mechanical properties. The ball mill processed aggregates performed better than the jaw crushed aggregates in concrete. The performance was also assessed with respect to the microhardness of the interfacial transition zone around the surface of the aggregates. The presence of adhered mortar in recycled aggregate weakens it because of the presence of an old interfacial transition zone that affects the strength of concrete. The interfacial transition zone hardness at the aggregate-mortar interface is 53.94, 34.21, and 44.08 % of bulk concrete for control concrete, recycled coarse aggregate-1 concrete, and recycled coarse aggregate-2 concrete, respectively. The addition of silica fume improved the average microhardness, and the same was reflected in the mechanical properties of both the recycled coarse aggregate concretes. It is recommended to use ball mill processed recycled coarse aggregates as a complete replacement to natural coarse aggregates along with a 5 % addition of silica fume for better performance.
EDIÇÃO COMPLETA
Authors: Editores Os
Published: October 2021

REVISTA AUGUSTUSRio de Janeiro: UNISUAM, 2021. Semestral. DOI: 10.15202/19811896.2021v26n53
GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS E VAZÃO DE ESGOTO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EM UMA RESIDÊNCIA NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Dos Santos Eunice Musa Neves , Marques Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor , Alvim Charles Da Silva , Alcantra Eliana
Published: October 2021

A doença causada pelo Coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 foi declarada como pandemia pela OMS e uma das medidas mais eficazes é o isolamento social, tendo grande importância o saneamento. Assim, objetivou-se realizar a composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos, bem como estimar a quantidade de vazão de esgoto e a geração per capta, em época de pandemia em uma residência de Três Corações – MG.  Para a caracterização quantitativa separou-se os resíduos em 7 categorias, que foram pesados separadamente todos os dias, para diagnosticar a porcentagem em peso, com o auxílio de uma balança doméstica. Para a quantificação da geração de esgoto, foram observados os hábitos em atividades domésticas e higiene pessoal. As atividades foram quantificadas pelo método volumétrico por um recipiente de 5 litros. Estimou-se o valor total de consumo de água e como coeficiente de Retorno de 80% estimou-se a vazão de esgoto gerada. Foi realizado a vazão per capta de esgoto na residência. Os hábitos domiciliares foram afetados pela pandemia, influenciando em uma maior geração de resíduos, no qual foram observadas no final de semana, sendo a maior quantidade para os resíduos orgânicos (67%), 28% de recicláveis e 5% de rejeito e quantidade diária de 465g por dia, abaixo da média nacional. As maiores vazões foram observadas para a bacia sanitária.  A constância de atividades durante a pandemia e a mudança de hábitos representou 87%. A geração per capta de efluentes gerados foi de 87,14L abaixo da geração dos últimos 12 meses, refletindo a mudança de hábitos dos indivíduos na residência.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA GESTÃO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DA SAÚDE: um estudo de caso no curso técnico de enfermagem de uma instituição pública federal
Authors: Nascimento Rosângela Dos Santos , Reis Augusto Da Cunha
Published: October 2021

Este artigo aborda a questão dos problemas gerados pela produção de resíduos de serviço de saúde em um laboratório de Curso Técnico de Enfermagem de uma instituição Pública Federal. Este trabalho objetiva mapear os principais riscos à saúde dos discentes, docentes ao manipularem os resíduos gerados durante as atividades práticas no laboratório e também ao profissional da limpeza, durante a higienização do laboratório após as aulas práticas. Como método de pesquisa utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de caso, em que a unidade de análise foi Curso Técnico de Enfermagem de uma Instituição Pública Federal. O instrumento da pesquisa aplicado foi um questionário, a fim de que os informantes pudessem exprimir suas experiências e necessidades profissionais. Foram analisadas as respostas objetivas dos discentes e funcionário da limpeza, e as respostas subjetivas do professor responsável pelo laboratório, sendo feita uma comparação dos mesmos com a estrutura da norma orientadora da pesquisa. As respostas ao questionário foram submetidas a uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Por meio da análise dos resultados constatou-se problemas para descarte dos resíduos infectantes e químicos, e falta de um local apropriado para acondicionamento temporário dos resíduos até o descarte final. Constatou-se a falta de uma empresa para descarte dos resíduos de serviço de saúde, produzidos nas aulas práticas de laboratório. Pretende-se por fim, elencar procedimentos que determinem regras básicas a serem adotadas na implementação de uma proposta de gerenciamento do processo de resíduos do laboratório do Curso Técnico de Enfermagem.
The Impact of Pathological Narcissism on Affect Following Social Rejection
Authors: Sasso Scott , Cain Nicole M. , Meehan Kevin B. , Zeng Ruifan , Wong Philip S.
Published: October 2021

Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with interpersonal difficulties and maladaptive affective responses to social rejection. In the current studies, the authors examined two phenotypes of pathological narcissism, narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability, and their impact on individuals' affective responses in two distinctive social rejection paradigms. Participants from Study 1 (N = 239), recruited from a multicultural university and Amazon's Mechanical Turk, completed Cyberball, a computerized social rejection paradigm. Participants from Study 2 (N = 238) were recruited from a multicultural university and participated in an in vivo group rejection paradigm in a laboratory. Results indicated that following the rejection in both studies, narcissistic vulnerability positively predicted explicit negative affect and state anger. In addition, the positive relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and explicit negative affect was moderated by greater implicit negative affect in Study 2. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
High Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder Among Psychiatric Inpatients Admitted for Suicidality
Authors: Gregory Robert , Sperry Susan D. , Williamson Daniel , Kuch-Cecconi Rachael , Spink Garry L.
Published: October 2021

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high risk of suicidality and high rates of health care utilization; however, the prevalence and characteristics of BPD among inpatients admitted for suicidality are unknown. In the present study of 72 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted for suicide risk, BPD was highly prevalent (n = 31; 43.1%), but 68% were misdiagnosed by admitting providers. Compared to patients without BPD, those with BPD were significantly younger, were prescribed more psychiatric medications, were more depressed, and had greater suicide ideation. Patients with BPD were also three times as likely to be readmitted to a psychiatric hospital at 30, 90, and 180 days postdischarge for an average of almost 9 days of inpatient care per patient for the first 180 days. In this sample, BPD was highly prevalent, underdiagnosed, and associated with frequent readmissions, findings that highlight the importance of improved recognition and access to specialized treatments.
Investigating the Transdiagnostic Value of Subjective Emptiness
Authors: Konjusha Arta , Hopwood Christopher J. , Price Adrian L. , Masuhr Oliver , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: October 2021

It is common for people with mental health problems to report feelings of emptiness. However, the association of subjective emptiness with specific disorders and its unique role within dimensional taxonomies of personality pathology is not well understood. The present study assesses the transdiagnostic value of subjective emptiness using a recently developed self-report measure in a mixed sample of 157 participants. The authors investigated the associations of emptiness with clinically relevant variables, including borderline personality disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Subjective emptiness showed strong positive relationships with all criteria. Regression models controlling for impairments of personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, and current symptom distress supported the incremental validity of emptiness for specific disorder constructs and suicidality. These findings indicate that emptiness represents a facet of psychopathology that can be particularly useful for the classification of mental disorders, and in particular internalizing disorders involving self-dysfunction and detachment.
Pilot-scale study based on integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for cement industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Ali Mohamed Nabil , Fouad Hanan A , Meky Mohamed M , Elhefny Rehab M
Published: October 2021

Due to the lack of freshwater resources in Egypt, cement wastewater treatment was performed to widen the range of the water used in irrigation to face the massive future water scarcity. In this study, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) was used as a biological treatment method. A laboratory pilot was established as a simulation of the IFAS process. The scale-pilot consists of a primary sedimentation tank, an IFAS tank equipped with an air blower, and a final settling tank. Three experimental attempts were performed using 3 different bio-carriers. In the first trial, Luffa sponges were used as natural bio-carriers and polyurethane sponges (PU) as artificial bio-carriers in the second trial, in addition to a combination between Luffa and PU sponges as a hybrid bio-carrier in the third trial. After analyzing the physicochemical properties of wastewater at the national research center in Cairo, the removal efficiency of TSS (total suspended solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand) , BOD(biological oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphorous) was 94.5%, 87.8%, 90.8%, 75.9%, and 69.4%, respectively in case of using the combination between Luffa and PU sponges. It can be concluded that using IFAS process was effective for cement wastewater treatment and the effluent wastewater met the Egyptian code limitations for reuse in agriculture purposes.
Peak flood volume and its suspended sediment at various rainfall in Kedungbulus catchment in Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Basuki Tyas Mutiara , Pramono Irfan Budi
Published: October 2021

Flood is a natural disaster that frequently happens and causes many material and immaterial losses. During flooding, the suspended sediment is carried along by the streamflow. The amount of sediment transported varies and depends on natural and anthropogenic factors. Limited studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between peak flood volume and its sediment content. Therefore, a study with the purpose to understand the relationship of rainfall characteristics, peak flood volume, and suspended sediment was undertaken in Kedungbulus Catchment in Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. The size of Kedungbulus catchment is 37.8 km2. To collect the required data, an automatic stream water level recorder was installed in the outlet of the catchment. In addition, an automatic and two conventional rain gauges were set up inside the catchment. Hydrograph and statistical analysis were conducted on 2016-2017 data. The results showed that during the study period, the highest peak flood volume occurred on October 8, 2016. The flood duration was 490 minutes, with the time to peak was 135 minutes. At the highest peak flood volume, the stream water was 5,091,221 m3, and the suspended sediment was around 2,394 tons. Rainfall depth significantly affects the peak flood volume and its suspended sediment. The rainfall intensity and Antecedent Soil Moisture Content (ASMC) weakly correlate with peak flood volume and its suspended sediment content.
Soundcloud Rap and Alien Creativity
Authors: Phillips Matthew T.
Published: October 2021

In this paper I argue that the SoundCloud rap movement of the 2010s signalled not only a crisis of the rap-image (the specific ways in which rap had been traditionally represented and produced), but also a moment of intense aesthetic creativity and experimentation. Following Luciana Parisi’s notion of alien thinking and Kodwo Eshun’s work on Afrofuturism, I see the SoundCloud rap movement as exhibiting a type of alien creativity, existing outside the human but having real effects upon the human aesthetic experience. Through techniques such as Auto-Tune, mumbling, repetition, ad-libs, triplets, rappers were able to create a radically new aesthetic form that pushed the limits of digital music production and listening. I present SoundCloud rap tracks as virtualities of aesthetic origination, with rappers and producers playing with the alien, the unknown, the incomputable and the incomprehensible, which are provided to them via cybernetic technologies. These virtualities become ways of bringing forth the alien in the form of new syntaxes, new meanings, new aesthetics and new modes of being, pushing the bounds of rap and popular music.
Relationship of microRNA locus with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study
Authors: Huang Qiuyu , Chen Hanshen , Xu Fan , Liu Chao , Wang Yafeng , Tang Weifeng , Chen Liangwan
Published: October 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia. Accumulating investigations have explored the important role of hereditary factors for T2DM occurrence. Some functional microRNA (miR) polymorphisms may affect their interactions with target mRNAs and result in an aberrant expression. Thus, miR variants might be considered as a biomarker of the susceptibility of T2DM. In this study, we recruited 502 T2DM cases and 782 healthy subjects. We selected miR-146a rs2910164 C>G, miR-196a2 rs11614913 T>C and miR-499 rs3746444 A>G loci and carried out an investigation to identify whether these miR loci could influence T2DM occurrence. In this investigation, a Bonferroni correction was harnessed. After adjustment, we found that rs2910164 SNP was a protective factor for T2DM (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.010), especially in never drinking (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.001) and BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.002) subgroups. We also identified that rs11614913 SNP was a protective factor for T2DM in smoking subjects (CC/TC vs TT: adjusted P = 0.002). When we analyzed an interaction of SNP–SNP with the susceptibility tof T2DM, rs11614913/rs3746444, rs2910164/rs3746444 and rs11614913/rs2910164 combinations were not associated with the risk of T2DM. In summary, this study highlights that rs2910164 SNP decreases the susceptibility of T2DM, especially in BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and never drinking subgroups. In addition, we also identify that rs11614913 C allele decreases the susceptibility of T2DM significantly in smoking subgroup.
Trends in regional morphological changes in the brain after the resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing’s disease: a complex phenomenon, not mere partial reversibility
Authors: Jiang Hong , Yang WenJie , Sun QingFang , Liu Chang , Bian LiuGuan
Published: October 2021

The adverse effects of hypercortisolism on the human brain have been highlighted in previous studies of Cushing’s disease (CD). However, the relative alterations in regional hypercortisolism in the brain remain unclear. Thus, we investigated regional volumetric alterations in CD patients. We also analyzed the associations between these volumetric changes and clinical characteristics. The study participants comprised of active CD (n = 60), short-term-remitted CD (n = 28), and long-term-remitted CD (n = 32) patients as well as healthy control subjects (n = 66). Gray matter volumes (GMVs) were measured via voxel-based morphometry. The GMVs of substructures were defined using the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Trends toward normalization in GMV were found in most brain substructures of CD patients. Different trends, including enlarged, irreversible, and unaffected, were observed in the other subregions, such as the amygdala, thalamus, and caudate. Morphological changes in GMVs after the resolution of hypercortisolism are a complex phenomenon; the characteristics of these changes significantly differ within the brain substructures.
Das WiSt-Jubiläumsfragespiel: 19 aus 71
Authors: Gröppel-Klein Andrea
Published: October 2021

1971 wurde die Zeitschrift WiSt von den Herausgebern Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Erwin Dichtl und Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Otmar Issing ins Leben gerufen.In unserer Serie beantworten Autorinnen und Autoren der Zeitschrift 19 Fragen aus 71. Warum gerade 19 aus 71? Die Zahlen sind an das Jahr 1971 angelehnt. Für den Fragebogen haben wir uns unter anderem den „Proust´schen Fragebogen“ zum Vorbild genommen. Ursprünglich ist dieser ein beliebtes Gesellschaftsspiel, das einen fast unendlichen Spielraum von Antwortmöglichkeiten gibt: Die Person kann alles über sich preisgeben oder ein Rätsel bleiben. Gedacht ist es als ein Spiel, ein launiger Zeitvertreib, um einen kurzen, persönlichen Blick hinter den offiziellen Autorenlebenslauf zu werfen und unsere Autorinnen und Autoren etwas näher kennenzulernen.Aus 71 Fragen wählen wir für jeden Teilnehmer zufällig 19 Fragen aus. Von diesen können die Autorinnen und Autoren insgesamt fünf Fragen mit solchen aus dem Pool der übrigen 52 Fragen austauschen. Der vollständige Fragenkatalog ist auf unserer Homepage abrufbar. In diesem Heft fragen wir Prof. Dr. Andrea Gröppel-Klein.
Corona-Pandemie: Menschliche Kontakte als Allmendegut
Authors: Mandler Peter
Published: October 2021

Das Coronavirus wird durch menschlichen Kontakt verbreitet. Treffen sich Menschen, hat dies Wirkungen auf andere, denn eine Ausweitung des Infektionsgeschehens geht zulasten aller. Direkte Folgen sind härtere Kontaktbeschränkungen und wirtschaftliche Schäden. Menschliche Kontakte werden zum Allmendegut. Die von der Wissenschaft entwickelten Ansätze zur Lösung der Allmendeproblematik scheitern jedoch in diesem konkreten Fall. Die Politik sollte ernsthaft härtere Eingriffe erwägen.
Was sind Dynamic Capabilities?
Authors: Zugcic Michael , Borchert Margret
Published: October 2021

Der Dynamic Capabilities Approach erklärt den Erhalt der langfristigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen mit dem Besitz von Dynamic Capabilities. Aufgrund zahlreicher Forschungsstränge zu Dynamic Capabilities im strategischen Management, hat sich eine Reihe an verschiedenen Verständnissen darüber entwickelt, was sie sind und woher sie kommen. Der folgende Artikel thematisiert diese Frage, indem er die drei Hauptansätze auf Basis von sechs differenzierenden Kriterien kategorisiert und so die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten aufgezeigt.
Sollen Unternehmen nach langfristiger Gewinnmaximierung streben?
Authors: Döring Ulrich , Weißenberger Barbara E.
Published: October 2021

Unternehmen, die am Markt agieren und keine Non-Profit-Unternehmen sind, betreiben ihr Geschäft mit einer Gewinnerzielungsabsicht. Wie der Gewinn zustande kommt, wie hoch er sein sollte und in welchen Zeiträumen der Gewinn betrachtet werden sollte, dazu gehen die Meinungen auseinander. In der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung hat sich im Herbst 2020 eine interessante Diskussion entwickelt, die in mehreren Beiträgen bis zum Jahresende andauerte und die Wirtschaftswissenschaft auch noch in der Zukunft beschäftigen wird. Von nicht-wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Seite wird der Gewinn und die Gewinnerzielungsabsicht gern als das große Übel des kapitalistischen Systems genannt. Aber es hat sich bislang noch kein alternatives Kriterium herauskristallisiert, anhand dessen man Unternehmen erfolgreich langfristig führen kann. Als Betriebswirt wird man von seinem Bekanntenkreis immer mal wieder in die Enge getrieben, indem man als bloßer „Gewinnmaximierer“ bezeichnet wird. In dieser Gegenüberstellung des Aufsatzes von Prof. Dr. Barbara E. Weißenberger („Am Gewinn kann man auch sterben“, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 5.10.2020, S. 18) und Prof. Dr. Ulrich Döring („Gewinn, ein Spaltpilz der BWL“, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 30.11.2020, S. 16) sollen nun Argumente unterschiedlicher Sichtweisen geliefert werden, um auch mit Politologen, Soziologen und anderen Geisteswissenschaftlern fundiert diskutieren zu können.
Noteninflation an deutschen Hochschulen
Authors: Wehner Christa , Wienert Helmut
Published: October 2021

Die Tendenz zu besseren Benotungen von Studienabschlussprüfungen an deutschen Hochschulen hat sich in den Jahren von 2015 bis 2019 weitgehend ungebrochen fortgesetzt. Besonders auffällig in den letzten Jahren ist eine deutliche Verschiebung weg von der Benotungsstufe „gut“ hin zur Benotungsstufe „sehr gut“. Verbesserte Benotungen sind in allen Fächern zu beobachten, wenngleich mit unterschiedlicher Dynamik. Die erheblichen Abweichungen im Niveau weisen aber auf immer noch sehr unterschiedliche Benotungskulturen in den untersuchten Fächern hin.
ANÁLISIS DE LA CONTINUIDAD DE LOS NADADORES BRASILEÑOS EN EL PROGRAMA BOLSA-ATLETA
Authors: Ordonhes M.T. , López-Gil J.F. , Caregnato A.F. , Cavichiolli F.R.
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar, a partir del Programa Bolsa-Atleta desarrollado por el gobierno brasileño, si los nadadores que reciben incentivo financiero en las categorías de base, presentaron continuidad en la práctica deportiva hasta las categorías más altas del programa. Se estableció un recorte temporal de 2005 y 2017; siendo el número total de la muestra de 2.308 becas y de 1.017 atletas. Asimismo, todos los atletas seleccionados pertenecían a la modalidad de natación. La continuidad de los atletas en la recepción de becas presentó diferencias significativas en las respectivas categorías del programa (p<0,001; ?2=0,15). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las becas de las categorías base e internacional, con un tamaño de efecto grande (p<0,001; r=0,91). Finalmente, se puede afirmar que la inversión dirigida a las categorías de base no representa, de manera inexorable, la continuidad de los atletas en el desarrollo deportivo.
¿PUEDE LA EDUCACIÓN DEPORTIVA MEJORAR LAS ACTITUDES HACIA LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN SECUNDARIA?
Authors: Morales-Ortiz E. , Burgueño R. , Cueto-Martín B. , Macarro-Moreno J. , Medina-Casaubón J.
Published: October 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de una temporada de Educación Deportiva sobre las actitudes hacia la Educación Física (EF) en estudiantes. Los participantes fueron 53 (31 hombres y 22 mujeres; Medad = 15.13, DTedad = 1.40) estudiantes de secundaria quienes tomaron parte en una intervención de Educación Deportiva de 14 sesiones de 55 minutos. Se adoptó un diseño cuasi-experimental sin grupo control y medidas pre-test y post-test.  Los resultados del MANOVA mostraron un aumento significativo en el nivel de valoración de la EF y su profesorado, dificultad de la EF, utilidad de la EF y preferencia por la EF en el alumnado. No hubo efectos multivariantes significativos respecto a la edad, género y deporte extraescolar. Los hallazgos son debatidos subrayando la importancia de la Educación Deportiva en el desarrollo de las actitudes del alumnado hacia la EF como un medio para favorecer su formación integral.
CRÍTICO, COMISARIO Y CINEASTA EXPERIMENTAL: NÉSTOR ALMENDROS EN NUEVA YORK, 1957-1959
Authors: Viejo Breixo
Published: October 2021

El reconocimiento internacional de Néstor Almendros (1930-1992) como director de fotografía ha eclipsado, dentro de la historia convencional del cine, otras dos facetas fundamentales de su trayectoria: la de crítico cinematográfico y la de director de cine experimental y documental. Este artículo analiza las actividades profesionales de Almendros durante el comienzo de su carrera en Nueva York, entre 1957 y 1959, y estudia con detenimiento su producción como comisario (para el cineclub de Vassar College), como crítico (para Film Culture) y como director de cine experimental (con los cortometrajes de vanguardia, El monte de la luna y 58-59). A su vez, y a través de un estudio crítico de materiales de archivo inéditos, propone una nueva lectura de la obra de Almendros que tiene en cuenta su carácter multidisciplinar y resitúa al cineasta como una de las figuras principales del cine español en el exilio.
Smoke Exposure Disclosure: Parental Perspectives of Screening in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Williams Brian S. , Nacht Carrie , Fiore Michael C. , Kelly Michelle M.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Current screening questions for pediatric tobacco smoke exposure are suboptimal. Factors influencing screening accuracy, particularly in the pediatric inpatient setting, are unknown. Our objective was to identify facilitators of and barriers to parental disclosure of smoke exposure when screened during their child’s hospitalization and strategies to promote accurate disclosure.

METHODS

This qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of parents of children admitted to the medical and surgical unit of a Midwest tertiary care children’s hospital. Eligible parents included those with documented disclosure of smoke exposure in the child’s electronic health record. A researcher trained in qualitative methods conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with parents regarding their experiences with smoke exposure screening in the inpatient pediatric setting. Two researchers independently identified concepts directed at barriers, facilitators, and strategies for effective screening, which were compared and reconciled by a third researcher.

RESULTS

Facilitators of disclosing their child’s smoke exposure included the following: (1) the caregiver’s internal characteristic(s) promoting disclosure, (2) perceived relevance of the screening question to the child’s health, and (3) the questioner being viewed positively. Barriers included the following: (1) fear of negative consequences, (2) a vague question, (3) lack of knowledge, (4) guilt, and (5) unconducive environment and timing. The strategies parents suggested to improve screening for smoke exposure included the following: (1) communicate preemptively, (2) provide specific exposure examples, (3) improve questioner-caregiver rapport, and (4) improve screening environment and timing.

CONCLUSIONS

Parents identified various mechanisms to improve tobacco smoke exposure screening. The facilitators, barriers, and strategies provide opportunities to improve the inpatient pediatric screening process.
Remote Virtual Reality Teaching: Closing an Educational Gap During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Young Daniel , Real Francis J. , Sahay Rashmi D. , Zackoff Matthew
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Resident physicians are expected to recognize patients requiring escalation of care on day 1 of residency, as outlined by the Association of American Medical Colleges. Opportunities for medical students to assess patients at the bedside or through traditional simulation-based medical education have decreased because of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Virtual reality (VR) delivered remotely via video teleconferencing may address this educational gap.

METHODS

A prospective pilot study targeting third-year pediatric clerkship students at a large academic children’s hospital was conducted from April to December 2020. Groups of 6 to 15 students participated in a 1.5-hour video teleconferencing session with a physician facilitator donning a VR headset and screen sharing interactive VR cases of a hospitalized infant with respiratory distress. Students completed surveys assessing the immersion and tolerability of the virtual experience and reported its perceived effectiveness to traditional educational modalities. Comparisons were analyzed with binomial testing.

RESULTS

Participants included third-year medical students on their pediatric clerkship. A total of 140 students participated in the sessions, with 63% completing the survey. A majority of students reported VR captured their attention (78%) with minimal side effects. Students reported remote VR training as more effective (P < .001) than reading and online learning and equally or more effective (P < .001) than didactic teaching. Most students (80%) rated remote VR as less effective than bedside teaching.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot reveals the feasibility of remote group clinical training with VR via a video conferencing platform, addressing a key experience gap while navigating coronavirus disease 2019 limitations on training.
Advances in Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Starr Michelle C. , Charlton Jennifer R. , Guillet Ronnie , Reidy Kimberly , Tipple Trent E. , Jetton Jennifer G. , Kent Alison L. , Abitbol Carolyn L. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Mhanna Maroun J. , Askenazi David J. , Selewski David T. , Harer Matthew W.
Published: October 2021

In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the major advances over the last 5 years in neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI). Large multicenter studies reveal that neonatal AKI is common and independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The natural course of neonatal AKI, along with the risk factors, mitigation strategies, and the role of AKI on short- and long-term outcomes, is becoming clearer. Specific progress has been made in identifying potential preventive strategies for AKI, such as the use of caffeine in premature neonates, theophylline in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and nephrotoxic medication monitoring programs. New evidence highlights the importance of the kidney in “crosstalk” between other organs and how AKI likely plays a critical role in other organ development and injury, such as intraventricular hemorrhage and lung disease. New technology has resulted in advancement in prevention and improvements in the current management in neonates with severe AKI. With specific continuous renal replacement therapy machines designed for neonates, this therapy is now available and is being used with increasing frequency in NICUs. Moving forward, biomarkers, such as urinary neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, and other new technologies, such as monitoring of renal tissue oxygenation and nephron counting, will likely play an increased role in identification of AKI and those most vulnerable for chronic kidney disease. Future research needs to be focused on determining the optimal follow-up strategy for neonates with a history of AKI to detect chronic kidney disease.