Rekruitmen Juvenil Karang Terumbu Pasca Tertabrak Kapal Di Perairan Ujung Gelam, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa
Authors: Alam Bima Fatah , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Munasik Munasik 
Published: January 2022

Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) memiliki ekosistem terumbu yang cukup baik. Peningkatan jumlah kunjungan ke kawasan TNKJ menyebabkan kawasan terumbu mendapat ancaman serius, salah satunya dari kemungkinan tertabrak kapal (vessel grounding). Salah satu kasus terjadi pada tanggal 7 September 2018 ketika kapal Tug Boat PM 202 kandas di perairan Tanjung Gelam di Zona Tradisional Perikanan (ZTrP) yang menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan di 11 bagian (Patch). Hingga kini upaya monitoring kondisi terumbu karang pada area kerusakan setelah kejadian kandas kapal belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan rekruitmen alami, komposisi jenis juvenil dan densitas rekruit karang pada area kapal kandas. Pendataan juvenil karang pada 11 patch kerusakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek kuadran.  Pendataan karang pada lokasi yang tidak terdampak kerusakan juga dilakukan menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu di sekitar kapal kandas. Pengamatan hanya menemukan 4 patch, yaitu patch 4, 5, 6 dan 7, sehingga pendataan hanya dilakukan pada ke-4 patch tersebut. Total rekruit yang ditemukan pada keempat patch berjumlah 40 koloni dengan nilai densitas rekruit  sebesar 1,88 koloni/m2. Keseluruhan rekruit di seluruh lokasi pengamatan termasuk dalam 10 genera yaitu Acropora, Astreopora, Coeloseris, Favia, Fungia, Goniastrea, Montipora, Pavona, Pocillopora dan Porites. Juvenil karang terbanyak adalah Porites dengan persentase kemunculan sebesar 23% dan kemunculan terendah adalah Pocillopora dan Pavona masing-masing sebesar 2,5 %. Hasil analisis menggunakan CPCe versi 4.1 (Coral Point Count with Excel extension) diperoleh nilai tutupan karang keras hidup yang tidak terkena dampak tertabraknya kapal termasuk dalam kategori baik dengan kerapatan 66.87 %. Genus kemunculan karang terbanyak adalah Porites dan terendah Galaxea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa densitas juvenil yang ditemukan di lokasi kandas kapal terkategori rendah. Monitoring lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui akibat lebih jauh terumbu yang tertabrak kapal dan keberhasilan rekrutmen alami. Karimunjawa National Park (TNKJ) has a fairly good reef ecosystem. The increase in the number of visits to the TNKJ area has caused serious threats, one of which is the possibility of being hit by vessel grounding. One of the cases occurred on September 7, 2018 when the Tug Boat PM 202 crashed in the waters of Tanjung Gelam in the Traditional Fishing Zone (ZTrP) which caused damage in 11 sections (Patch). Until now, efforts to monitor the condition of coral reefs in the area of damage after the shipwreck have never been carried out. This study aims to find out the success of natural recruitment, composition of juvenil type and density of coral recruit in the area of the ship wreck. Data collection of coral juvenil on 11 patches of damagearea  is done using quadrant transfect.  Coral cover at un- impacted locations is also carried out to determine the condition of the reef around  the shipwreck. Data collection is done using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. Observations can only find 4 patches, namely patches 4, 5, 6 and 7, therefore observation was done only on the 4 patches.  The total recruitment found 40 colonies with a recruit density value of 1.88 colonies/m2. All recruitments in all observation sites are included in 10 genera namely Acropora, Astreopora, Coeloseris, Favia, Fungia, Goniastrea, Montipora, Pavona, Pocillopora and Porites. The largest coral juvenil is genus Porites with a percentage of appearance of 23% and the lowest appearance is the Pocillopora and Pavona of 2.5%. The results of the analysis using CPCe version 4.1 (Coral Point Count with Excel extension) obtained the value of living hard coral cover fall into the category of good with a density of 66.87%. There were 13 genera observed with Porites showed the highest appearance and the lowest is Galaxea.The results showed that the juvenile density found at the shipwreck site was categorized as low. Further monitoring needs to be carried out to find out more about the impact on reefs being hit by ships and the success of natural recruitment.