bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMISSION AND REEMISSION PROPERTIES OF GOLD DOUBLE-DISK TARGETS HEATED BY LASER
Authors: JIANG SHAO-EN  , ZHENG ZHI-JIAN  , SUN KE-XU  , HUANG TIAN-XUAN  , YANG JIA-MIN  , CUI YAN-LI  , CHEN JIU-SEN  , GUO SU  , HU XIN  , TANG XIAO-QING  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,绵阳621900
Published: December 2020

A new kind of double-disk gold targets were irradiated by 0.35μm intense laser and-the properties of impvoved X-ray spectra were investigated at “Xingguang”laser facilities.-Collision velocities between the-primary and secondary disks' plasmas have been measured.This double-disk target's design has avoided the influence of the spraying plasma from primary disk to a certain extent, and increased the “clearance” for ablated secondary disk. Two soft X-ray spectrometers were used to measure X-ray radiation from the primary and secondary disks, respectively. An X-ray streaked camera was used to obtain time-spactial images emitted from laser-plasma of double-disks targets. Experimental results were-analyzed physically.
Sm-Co-Ti PHASE DIAGRAM AND STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOME SINGLE-PHASE COMPOUNDS
Authors: WANG WEN-QUAN  , WANG JIAN-LI  , TANG NING  , BAO FU-QUAN  , WU GUANG-HENG  , YANG FU-MING  , JIN HAN-MIN  ,   (1)吉林大学物理系,长春130023; (2)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080;吉林大学物理系长春130023
Published: December 2020

The phase diagram of Co-rich Sm-Co-Ti system was obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetic measurement. It was found that there exist three series of compounds, SmCo7-xTix, Sm2Co17-xTix and SmCo12-x Tix. The formation ranges for these three series are 0.32≤x≤0.54, 0≤x≤1.13 and 1.45≤x≤1.95, respectively. The 3∶29 phase was not found after annealing Sm9.31Co90-xTix (3≤x≤15) prepared with an excess Sm of 15%, 20% and 25% added, at temperatures ranging from 1303 to 1403 K. It was also found that the Curie temperatures TC and saturation magnetization Ms decrease with increasing Ti content for both SmCo12-xTix and Sm2Co17-xTix compounds. Below TC, the uniaxial and planar anisotropies were observed for Sm2Co17-xTix and SmCo12-xTix compounds, respectively. The anisotropy fields Ba measured at 1.5 K for both SmCo12-xTix and Sm2Co17-xTixcompounds as a function of Ti content x exhibits a peak at certain compositions, which is thought to be associated with the preferential substitution of Ti for Co.
A NEW METHOD TO FABRICATE LARGE AMOUNTOF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: WANG MIAO  , LI ZHEN-HUA  ,   (1)浙江大学力学系,杭州310027; (2)浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

A new method to prepare large amount of high purity single-walled carbon nanotubes is reported. In this method, a fixed-length metallic graphite anode is arranged at a given angle with the cathode, and then discharged for several minutes in high-temperature helium arc. By using this method, more than one-gram product containing about 60 percent single-walled carbon nanotubes can be obtained, which has been confirmed by the repetitive experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.
LIE SYMMETRIES OF CONSTRAINED HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM WITH THE SECOND TYPE OF CONSTRAINTS 
Authors: ZHANG YI  , XUE YUN  ,   (1)上海应用技术学院机械工程系,上海200233; (2)苏州城建环保学院基础部,苏州215011
Published: December 2020

We have studied the Lie symmetries of a constrained Hamiltonian system only with the second type of constraints,and establised the determining equations, the restriction equations and the additional restriction equations. The conditions under which a Lie symmetry can lead to a conserved quantity and the form of the quantity were given.
SIMULATION OF THE MKDV EQUATION WITH LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD
Authors: LI HUA-BING  , HUANG PING-HUA  , LIU MU-REN  , KONG LING-JIANG  ,   (1)广西师范大学物理与电子科学系,桂林541004; (2)桂林电子工业学院计算科学与应用物理系,桂林541004
Published: December 2020

The MKDV equation (ut+6u2ux+uxxx=0) is simulated by the 5-speed lattice Boltzmann method of 0(ε)precision,then the result is compared with the soliton solution of the MKDV equation. They inosculate with each other.
STUDY ON THE TWIN DYNAMIC INTERFACES OF BULK TARGET IRRIDIATED BY PULSED LASER 
Authors: ZHANG DUAN-MING  , LI ZHI-HUA  , HUANG MING-TAO  , ZHANG MEI-JUN  , GUAN LI  , ZOU MING-QING  , ZHONG ZHI-CHENG  ,   华中科技大学[主校区]物理系,武汉430074
Published: December 2020

The ablating model of a bulk target irradiated by a pulse laser is set up.Using the simple energy balance considerations,the relationship of the ablating surface's location with the time is derived.By adiabatic approximation,the continuous-temperature condition and conservation of energy,we find out all the boundary conditions.By using the combination of analytical method and integral-approximation method,and solving the heat flow equation,the temperature distribution of soild and liquid phases' as functions of time and location are obtained,the interface of solid and liquid phase is also derived.In addition,the results are compared with other published data.Finally,most of the calculated results present are on excimer-laser irradiated target Al,although the calculations can be easily extended to laser irradiation of other targets.
超高斯光束截割对多级电离产额的影响
Authors: Wei Ji-Lin  , Zhang Li-Min  , Yu Shu-Qin  , Jiang Zhi-Peng  ,   (1)国防科技大学光学系,长沙410073; (2)太原重型机械学院应用科学系,太原030024; (3)中国科学院选键化学开放实验室,中国科学技术大学化学物理系,合肥230026
Published: December 2020

ＷｅｈａｖｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆａｌａｓｅｒｂｅａｍｗｉｔｈａｓｕｐｅｒＧａｕｓｓｉａｎｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｔｒｕｎｃａｔｅｄｂｙａｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ.Ｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｉｏｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｖｏｌｕｍｅｖｅｒｓｕｓｔｈｅｌａｓｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,ｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｉｏｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｙｉｅｌｄｓｏｆａｔｏｍｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｔｒｕｎｃａｔｅｄｌａｓｅｒｂｅａｍｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ .Ａｓａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,ｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｏｎｓｏｆｘｅｎｏｎａｒｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔ ｅｄｆｏｒｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆ1 0 1 3 ｔｏ 1 0 1 6 Ｗ ｃｍ2 .ＯｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｃｕｒｖｅｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｒｕｎｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｓｕｐｐｅｒＧａｕｓｓｉａｎｂｅａｍ .Ｆｏｒａｌａｒｇｅｎ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｎ >2 ,ｏｒｆｏｒｓｔｒｏｎｇｔｒｕｎｃａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓρａ=1 ,ｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｅｒＧａｕｓｓｉａｎｂｅａｍ ,ｔｈｅｓｈａｐｅｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｉｏｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｙｉｅｌｄｓｓｈｏｗｓｌｅｓｓｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｎｎ.Ｔｈｅｓｅｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｙｉｅｌｄｃｕｒｖｅｓｍａｙｂｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｐｌａｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｆｏｒｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｏｎｓｏｆｘｅｎｏｎ.
随机非球形粒子全极化散射的时间相关Mueller矩阵解
Authors: Chang Mei  , Jin Ya-Qiu  ,   复旦大学波散射与遥感中心,上海,200433
Published: December 2020

ＴｈｅＭｕｅｌｌｅｒｍａｔｒｉｘｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｖｅｃｔｏｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｖｅｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｉｓｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ.Ｉｔｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌａｒｉｍｅｔｒｉｃｂｉｓｔａｔｉｃｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｆｒｏｍａｌａｙｅｒｏｆｒａｎｄｏｍｎｏｎ ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌｓｃａｔｔｅｒｅｒｓｎｏｎｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｌｙｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｗｈｅｎａＧａｕｓｓｉａｎｐｌａｎｅｐｕｌｓｅｉｓｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｕｐｏｎｉｔ.Ｃｏ ｐｏｌａｒｉｚｅｄａｎｄｃｒｏｓｓｐｏｌａｒｉｚｅｄｂｉｓｔａｔｉｃｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇａｒｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｌｙｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｐｕｌｓｅｅｃｈｏｅｓａｒｅｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｐｕｌｓｅ.Ｗｅｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｕｌｓｅｏｎｔｈｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆａｒａｎｄｏｍｍｅｄｉｕｍ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｓｐａｔｉａｌｏｒｉｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｌｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆｓｃａｔｔｅｒｅｒｓ,ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｇｌｅａｎｄｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｌａｙｅｒｄｅｐｔｈｅｔｃ.
Generation mechanism and simulation research of zipper phenomenon of pedestrian flow in corridor
Authors: Wu Xin-Sen , Yue Hao , Liu Qiu-Mei , Zhang Xu , Shao Chun-Fu ,   Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China,   College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Published: December 2020

In this study, the unidirectional pedestrian flow in the corridor is taken as a research object, the generation mechanism of the pedestrian zipper phenomenon is analyzed, and a velocity correction model based on the Voronoi diagram is established for the simulation research. First, the generation mechanism of the pedestrian zipper phenomenon is analyzed from the perspective of optimal visual field and walking comfort of pedestrians. Then the visual attention and visual occlusion of pedestrians are used to describe the factors which affect the zipper deviation during pedestrian movement, the local density of pedestrians is used to describe the walking comfort of pedestrians, the zipper sensitivity coefficient is adopted to describe the willingness of pedestrians to move objectively, and the mechanism of lateral deviation of a single pedestrian is considered to obtain the optimal deviation position of pedestrians. Besides, the Voronoi diagram is introduced to effectively determine the pedestrians surrounding the target pedestrian within the visual field. And the influence of surrounding pedestrians with different distances and directions on the moving velocity of the target pedestrian based on the Voronoi diagram is considered. Then, a velocity correction model of pedestrians based on the Voronoi diagram is constructed, whether the pedestrian has a subjective willingness to deviate is considered, and the deviation rule is embedded to simulate and reproduce the zipper phenomenon of pedestrians. The simulation results truly reproduce the normal pedestrian flow through the corridor and show that our model can overcome the deficiency of the jitter and overlap phenomenon of the traditional social force model. The self-organized pedestrian flow with uniform distribution and the pedestrian zipper effect can also be observed. Furthermore, through the simulation results, we can see that the number of zipper layers for pedestrians is proportional to the width of the corridor. The comparison of simulated pedestrian data with the empirical data indicates that the fundamental diagram of velocity-density relation of our model is in good agreement with the empirical data. A comparison between with and without considering the zipper effect shows that the larger the proportion of pedestrians actively willing to laterally deviate, the more helpful it will be to improve the moving velocity, comfort and space utilization of pedestrians in the corridor.
Instancias sociales formales de participación ciudadana para migrantes internacionales no convencionales en Chile
Authors: Zebryte Ieva , Medina Millamán Valeska , Ritz Parra Kevin
Published: December 2020

El incremento de la inmigración a Chile, ha incluido el avecindamiento de migrantes no convencionales en el territorio nacional. Esta clasificación de extranjeros se ha caracterizado por provenir de países desarrollados, con un importante capital social, cultural y, a la vez financiero,  en miras del despliegue de sus proyectos de vida alternos. Fruto de ello, la reestructuración de la realidad socio-cultural en el ámbito de la esfera pública, es propia del grado de participación efectuado en el nuevo lugar escogido. Siendo necesarias las instancias de participación ciudadana otorgadas por el legislador a nivel constitucional y legal, para la integración de los migrantes no convencionales. Sin embargo, estas instancias carecen de difusión y cuentan con ciertas limitaciones, que se espera, la nueva normativa en tramitación pueda subsanar para una eficaz aplicación de esta herramienta de gobernanza local.
La ciudadanía cosmopolita y "el derecho de gentes" de John Rawls
Authors: Santiago Juárez Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

El concepto de ciudadanía cosmopolita ha estado presente en el pensamiento filosófico desde la Ilustración. En la filosofía política contemporánea este concepto ha merecido la atención de algunos autores, aunque no todas sus propuestas han tenido el mismo éxito. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las ideas que sobre la ciudadanía cosmopolita expuso John Rawls en su trabajo “El derecho de gentes”, y algunas críticas que pueden hacerse a esa propuesta.
Reflexiones en torno a las competencias parentales: Una propuesta de definición operacional.
Authors: Cárdenas Conde Andrea , Schnettler Gotschlich Evelyn
Published: December 2020

Este estudio muestra el rol de la familia y la importancia que tienen las competencias parentales de los padres para el desarrollo integral de los hijos. Se expone el constructo histórico de competencia parental y su evolución. Se propone una definición unificada que permita su aplicación en el ámbito jurídico nacional.
Seguimiento del precedente por los Ministros de la Corte Suprema en materia laboral. Análisis empírico del recurso de unificación de jurisprudencia chileno
Authors: Díaz García Iván , Alarcón García Sofía , Cempe Cempe Katerine , Garrido Esparza Luis , Zúñiga Garrido Alejandro
Published: December 2020

La investigación pretende evaluar el grado de seguimiento que han tenido los precedentes establecidos por la Corte Suprema al pronunciarse sobre los recursos de unificación de jurisprudencia entre los años 2008 y 2013, por parte de los Ministros de este mismo tribunal. Esta evaluación, que se denomina “interna y personal”, complementa la evaluación “interna e institucional” que se ha realizado en una investigación anterior. Los resultados demuestran que, en general, hay un muy elevado seguimiento del precedente a nivel interno y personal.
Mothers´ experience of children with cancer under palliative care / Vivências de mães de crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos mediante diagnóstico, tratamento e apoio familiar
Authors: Assis Luciana Arnaud , Batista Patrícia Serpa de Souza , Lima Débora Rodrigues Alves de , Silva Silmara de Oliveira , Duarte Marcella Souto Costa , Araújo Cleide Rejane Damaso de
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a vivência de mães de crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo de natureza qualitativa realizada em um hospital no estado da Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 10 mães de crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Para viabilizar a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada. O material obtido foi analisado por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Extraíram-se duas categorias temáticas: vivência de mães frente ao diagnóstico e tratamento de criança com câncer; e importância do apoio familiar durante os cuidados à criança hospitalizada com câncer. Conclusão: Mediante o estudo, nota-se que os cuidados paliativos precisam ser inseridos integralmente na assistência às mães de crianças com câncer, haja vista a difícil vivência das genitoras no enfretamento do diagnóstico e tratamento do filho. É, pois, necessário, que os profissionais de saúde criem espaços de diálogos acolhedores.
On Optoelectronic Processes in Organic Solar Cells: From Opaque to Transparent
Authors: Schopp Nora , Brus Viktor V. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: December 2020

Organic (semi)transparent photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) promise integrated, sustainable, low‐cost energy harvesting solutions. However, current efficiency limitations have to be overcome to make ST‐OPV a competitive technology. In this simulation‐based work, the effect of the selective transparency on the photoelectronic processes in ST‐OPVs is studied and changes in the generation–recombination dynamics and the extraction efficiency are demonstrated that are causally linked to the increased transparency. The study of five model systems with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) back electrodes and systematically varied extinction coefficients and an opaque cell with Ag back contact allows to quantify these changes in the photoelectronic processes and to address the role of the series and the shunt resistors while keeping all other parameters of the modeled devices identical. The findings demonstrate the increased importance of the active layer quality in ST‐OPVs and indicate that ST‐OPVs benefit from a wider choice of transparent electrode materials.
Selective Construction of C−C and C=C Bonds by Manganese Catalyzed Coupling of Alcohols with Phosphorus Ylides
Authors: Liu Xin , Werner Thomas
Published: December 2020

Herein, we report the manganese catalyzed coupling of alcohols with phosphorus ylides. The selectivity in the coupling of primary alcohols with phosphorus ylides to form carbon‐carbon single (C−C) and carbon‐carbon double (C=C) bonds can be controlled by the ligands. In the conversion of more challenging secondary alcohols with phosphorus ylides the selectivity towards the formation of C−C vs. C=C bonds can be controlled by the reaction conditions, namely the amount of base. The scope and limitations of the coupling reactions were thoroughly evaluated by the conversion of 21 alcohols and 15 ylides. Notably, compared to existing methods, which are based on precious metal complexes as catalysts, the present catalytic system is based on earth abundant manganese catalysts. The reaction can also be performed in a sequential one‐pot reaction generating the phosphorus ylide in situ followed manganese catalyzed C−C and C=C bond formation. Mechanistic studies suggest that the C−C bond was generated via a borrowing hydrogen pathway and the C=C bond formation followed an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling pathway.

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Self‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: First report of clinical, molecular, and genetic characterization of five patients from Southeast Asia
Authors: Bishnoi Priya , Ng Yi Zhen , Wei Heming , Tan Ene‐Choo , Lunny Declan P. , Wong X. F. Colin C. , Kin Fon Leong , Gondokaryono Srie Prihianti , Diana Inne Arline , Common John E. A. , Koh Mark J. A. , Lane E. Birgitte
Published: December 2020

Self‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) characterized by significant improvement in skin fragility within the first few years of life. Genetic inheritance has previously been reported as autosomal dominant or recessive with both forms harboring mutations in COL7A1. To date, there have been no reports of this rare clinical entity from various Southeast Asian ethnicities. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular features of five patients from the Southeast Asia region who presented with predominantly acral‐distributed blisters and erosions in the first few days of life. Blistering resolved over several months, without appearance of new blisters. By immunofluorescence, intraepidermal retention of Type VII collagen was observed in all patient skin biopsies when investigated with antibody staining. Genetic analysis of four patients revealed pathogenic variants in COL7A1 which have not been previously reported. The clinical diagnosis in these rare patients is confirmed with molecular histology and genetic characterization.
Click‐Functionalization of a Poly(Tetrazine‐co‐Fluorene)‐Conjugated Polymer with a Series of trans‐Cyclooctene Derivatives
Authors: Kardelis Vladimir , Denk Maria M. , Adronov Alex
Published: December 2020

A soluble poly(tetrazine) polymer was prepared via Suzuki polycondensation of 3,6‐bis(5‐bromofuran‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and a fluorene diboronate derivative. It can undergo efficient and quantitative post‐polymerization inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder click reactions with a variety of trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) derivatives. The resulting polymers were oxidized to convert dihydropyridazine rings into pyridazines. The absorption spectra of the product polymers, both before and after oxidation, showed hypsochromic shifts that correlated with steric hindrance of the appended side chains. They also exhibited a significantly enhanced fluorescence intensity relative to the original poly(tetrazine). While gel‐permeation chromatography indicated that the product polymers exhibited longer retention times, NMR end‐group analysis showed that the polymers retained relatively constant degrees of polymerization. Graft copolymers were easily prepared via reaction with TCO‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) chains and a cross‐linked foam was produced by reacting the poly(tetrazine) with a bis‐TCO crosslinker.
Contemporary Approaches for Site‐Selective Dual Functionalization of Proteins
Authors: Xu Lujuan , Kuan Seah Ling , Weil Tanja
Published: December 2020

Site‐selective protein functionalization serves as an invaluable tool for investigating protein structures and functions in complicated cellular environments and accomplishing semi‐synthetic protein conjugates such as traceable therapeutics with improved features. Dual functionalization of proteins allows the incorporation of two different types of functionalities at distinct location(s), which greatly expands the features of native proteins. The attachment and crosstalk of a fluorescence donor and an acceptor dye provides fundamental insights into the folding and structural changes of proteins upon ligand binding in their native cellular environments. Moreover, the combination of drug molecules with different modes of action, imaging agents or stabilizing polymers provides new avenues to design precision protein therapeutics in a reproducible and well‐characterizable fashion. This review aims to give a timely overview of the recent advancements and a future perspective of this relatively new research area. First, the chemical toolbox for dual functionalization of proteins is discussed and compared. The strengths and limitations of each strategy are summarized in order to enable readers to select the most appropriate method for their envisaged applications. Thereafter, representative applications of these dual‐modified protein bioconjugates benefiting from the synergistic/additive properties of the two synthetic moieties are highlighted.
Behavior of Smart Surfactants in Stabilizing pH‐Responsive Emulsions
Authors: Pei Xiaomei , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Wanqing , Liu Pei , Song Binglei , Jiang Jianzhong , Cui Zhenggang , Binks Bernard P.
Published: December 2020

Newly structured pH‐responsive smart surfactants (N+‐(n)‐N, n=14, 16) from alkyl trimethylammonium bromides are reported. In neutral and alkaline media N+‐(n)‐N behaves as a normal cationic surfactant and stabilizes conventional emulsions alone, as well as Pickering emulsions and oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions together with oppositely and similarly charged nanoparticles, respectively. In acidic media N+‐(n)‐N becomes a hydrophilic Bola‐type surfactant, N+‐(n)‐NH+, and is an inferior emulsifier either when used alone or together with charged nanoparticles, resulting in demulsification. N+‐(n)‐NH+ returns to the aqueous phase alone or together with nanoparticles after demulsification without contaminating the oil phase, and the aqueous phase can be recycled when triggered by pH change. This protocol is a green process and leads to preparation of various temporarily stable emulsions which are often used in emulsion polymerization, heterogeneous catalysis, and oil transportation.
Enantioselective Three‐Component Coupling of Heteroarenes, Cycloalkenes and Propargylic Acetates
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Chi Yonggui Robin , Zhou Jianrong Steve
Published: December 2020

Asymmetric coupling proceeds efficiently between propargylic acetates, cycloalkenes and electron‐rich heteroarenes including indoles, pyrroles, activated furans and thiophenes. 2,3‐Disubstituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines are produced in trans configuration and excellent enantiomeric ratios. The reaction proceeds via Wacker‐type attack of nucleophilic heteroarenes on alkenes activated by allenyl PdII species.
Polaron Delocalization in Donor–Acceptor Polymers and its Impact on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance
Authors: Moser Maximilian , Savva Achilleas , Thorley Karl , Paulsen Bryan D. , Hidalgo Tania Cecilia , Ohayon David , Chen Hu , Giovannitti Alexander , Marks Adam , Gasparini Nicola , Wadsworth Andrew , Rivnay Jonathan , Inal Sahika , McCulloch Iain
Published: December 2020

Donor–acceptor (D‐A) polymers are promising materials for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as they minimize detrimental faradaic side‐reactions during OECT operation, yet their steady‐state OECT performance still lags far behind their all‐donor counterparts. We report three D‐A polymers based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit that afford OECT performances similar to those of all‐donor polymers, hence representing a significant improvement to the previously developed D‐A copolymers. In addition to improved OECT performance, DFT simulations of the polymers and their respective hole polarons also reveal a positive correlation between hole polaron delocalization and steady‐state OECT performance, providing new insights into the design of OECT materials. Importantly, we demonstrate how polaron delocalization can be tuned directly at the molecular level by selection of the building blocks comprising the polymers’ conjugated backbone, thus paving the way for the development of even higher performing OECT polymers.
A review and reappraisal of the specific gravities of present and past multicellular organisms, with an emphasis on tetrapods
Authors: Larramendi Asier , Paul Gregory S. , Hsu Shu‐yu
Published: December 2020

The density, or specific gravity (SG), of organisms has numerous important implications for their form, function, ecology, and other facets of beings living and dead, and it is especially necessary to apply SG values that are as accurate as practical when estimating their masses which is itself a critical aspect of living things. Yet a comprehensive review and analysis of this notable subject of anatomy has never been conducted and published. This is such an effort, being as extensive as possible with the data on hand, bolstered by some additional observations, and new work focusing on extinct animals who densities are least unknown: pterosaurs and dinosaurs with extensive pneumatic complexes, including the most sophisticated effort to date for a sauropod. Often difficult to determine even via direct observation, techniques for obtaining the best possible SG data are explained and utilized, including observations of floating animals. Neutral specific gravity (NSG) is proposed as the most important value for tetrapods with respiratory tracts of fluctuating volume. SGs of organisms range from 0.08 to 2.6, plant tissues from 0.08 to 1.39, and vertebrates from about 0.75 (some giant pterosaurs) to 1.2 (those with heavy armor and/or skeletons). Tetrapod NSGs tend to be somewhat higher than widely thought, especially those theropod and sauropod dinosaurs and pterosaurs with air‐sacs because respiratory system volume is usually measured at maximum inhalation in birds. Also discussed is evidence that the ratio of the mass of skeletons relative to total body mass has not been properly assayed in the past.
Concurrent transfection of randomized transgene configurations into targeted integration CHO host is an advantageous and cost‐effective method for expression of complex molecules
Authors: Dong Emily , Lam Cynthia , Tang Danming , Louie Salina , Yim Mandy , Williams Ambrose J. , Sawyer William , Yip Shirley , Carver Joseph , AlBarakat Ali , Tsukuda Joni , Snedecor Brad , Misaghi Shahram
Published: December 2020

Complex recombinant proteins are increasingly desired as potential therapeutic options for many disease indications and are commonly expressed in the mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Generally, stoichiometric expression and proper folding of all subunits of a complex recombinant protein are required to achieve the desired titers and product qualities for a complex molecule. Targeted integration (TI) cell line development (CLD), which entails the insertion of the desired transgene(s) into a predefined landing‐pad in the CHO genome, enables the generation of a homogeneous pool of cells from which clonally stable and high titer clones can be isolated with minimal screening efforts. Despite these advantages, using a single transgene(s) configuration with predetermined gene dosage might not be adequate for the expression of complex molecules. The goal of this study is to develop a method for seamless screening of many vector configurations in a single TI CLD attempt. As testing vector configurations in transient expression systems is not predictive of protein expression in the stable cell lines and parallel TI CLDs with different transgene configurations is resource‐intensive, we tested the concept of randomized configuration targeted integration (RCTI) CLD approach for expression of complex molecules. RCTI allows simultaneous transfection of multiple vector configurations, encoding a complex molecule, to generate diverse TI clones each with a single transgene configuration but clone specific productivity and product qualities. Our findings further revealed a direct correlation between transgenes’ configuration/copy‐number and titer/product quality of the expressed proteins. RCTI CLD enabled, with significantly fewer resources, seamless isolation of clones with comparable titers and product quality attributes to that of several parallel standard TI CLDs. Therefore, RCTI introduces randomness to the TI CLD platform while maintaining all the advantages, such as clone stability and reduced sequence variant levels, that the TI system has to offer.
Synthesis of Novel 8‐cyclo‐1,5,3,7‐Diazadiphosphocine Derivatives Via [4 + 2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Bae Song Mi , Chen Yu , Jeong Il Soo , Cho Jong Hyun , Song Ju Hyun , Jung Dai Il
Published: December 2020

As part of our research program into pharmacologically valuable compounds and chelating agents for transition metal ions, novel 8‐cyclo‐1,5,3,7‐diazadiphosphocines (5–16) were successfully synthesized in good yields via [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between 8‐cyclo‐1,5,3,7‐diazadiphosphocines (4a‐c) with dienophiles (dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate [DMAD], diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate [DEAD], diethyl diazene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate [DEDAD], and diisopropyl diazene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate [DIPDAD]). The core precursor scaffolds (4a‐c) were prepared via a one‐pot reaction between heteroaromatic amine analogs (1a‐c), paraformaldehyde and hypophosphorous acid in the presence of 6 M HCl. The biological activity of all synthesized 8‐cyclo‐1,5,3,7‐diazadiphosphocines (4a‐c, and 5–16) was evaluated against several cancer cell lines.
Terpyridine‐Based 3D Metal–Organic‐Frameworks: A Structure–Property Correlation
Authors: Elahi Syed Meheboob , Raizada Mukul , Sahu Pradip Kumar , Konar Sanjit
Published: December 2020

Design, synthesis, and applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most salient fields of research in modern inorganic and materials chemistry. As the structure and physical properties of MOFs are mostly dependent on the organic linkers or ligands, the choice of ligand system is of utmost importance in the design of MOFs. One such crucial organic linker/ligand is terpyridine (tpy), which can adopt various coordination modes to generate an enormous number of metal–organic frameworks. These frameworks generally carry physicochemical characteristics induced by the π‐electron‐rich (basically N‐electron‐rich moiety) terpyridines. In this minireview, the construction of 3D MOFs associated with symmetrical terpyridines is discussed. These ligands can be easily derivatized at the lateral phenyl (4′‐phenyl) position and incorporate additional organic functionalities. These functionalities lead to some different binding modes and form higher dimensional (3D) frameworks. Therefore, these 3D MOFs can carry multiple features along with the characteristics of terpyridines. Some properties of these MOFs, like photophysical, chemical selectivity, photocatalytic degradation, proton conductivity, and magnetism, etc. have also been discussed and correlated with their frameworks.
Concentration‐Dependent Interactions of Amphiphilic PiB Derivative Metal Complexes with Amyloid Peptides Aβ and Amylin**
Authors: Majdoub Saida , Garda Zoltán , Oliveira Alexandre C. , Relich Inga , Pallier Agnès , Lacerda Sara , Hureau Christelle , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Morfin Jean‐François , Tóth Éva
Published: December 2020

Invited for the cover of this issue are Jean‐François Morfin and Éva Tóth at the CNRS in Orléans, and their collaborators from University of Debrecen, University of Coimbra and Université de Toulouse. The image depicts that when an amphiphilic compound is intravenously injected, monomer, pre‐micellar and micellar forms can co‐exist in the blood and have different affinities for amyloid peptides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202004000.
Azolium/Hydroquinone Organo‐Radical Co‐Catalysis: Aerobic C−C‐Bond Cleavage in Ketones
Authors: Nakatsuji Yuya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Masuda Sakyo , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: December 2020

Organo‐radical catalysts have recently attracted great interest, and the development of this field can be expected to broaden the applications of organocatalysis. Herein, the first example of a radical‐generating system is reported that does not require any photoirradiation, radical initiators, or preactivated substrates. The oxidative C−C‐bond cleavage of 2‐substituted cyclohexanones was achieved using an azolium salt and a hydroquinone as co‐catalysts. A catalytic mechanism was proposed based on the results of diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, as well as computational studies.
Nonlinear non‐Gaussian and multimode probabilistic weighted copula regression model based deep neural network
Authors: Cui Chang
Published: December 2020

A probabilistic weighted copula (WCR) approach based on a sparse robust auto‐encoder (SRAE) is proposed. For the industrial processes, which have multi‐operation conditions, SRAE model with the five‐layer stacked auto‐encoder is introduced to do feature learning. Then, the extracted feature can be used to classify the multi‐operation conditions. Besides, the advanced high‐level features extracted by the SRAE model can deal with the nonlinear and non‐Gaussian process well. The WCR model applies the vine copula function and Monte Carlo estimation to quickly depict the distribution of the process. By considering the abstract features and the copula weights of local data, the predicting uncertainty can be quickly calculated by the SRAE‐WCR model. The effectiveness of the SRAE‐WCR model is illustrated with an ethylene cracking furnace process and a numerical example.
Pancreatic fat accumulation is associated with decreased β‐cell function and deterioration in glucose tolerance in Korean adults
Authors: Chin Sang Ouk , Hwang You‐Cheol , Cho In‐Jin , Jeong In‐Kyung , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Chung Ho Yeon
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study was designed to investigate the association between pancreatic fat content (PFC) and insulin secretory capacity as well as glucose tolerance in Korean adults.

Materials

A total of 39 participants (mean age 49.9 years, 53% males) without a previous history of diabetes, or those previously diagnosed as having diabetes but with less than 10 years of disease duration and no medication history were included. They were stratified according to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes.

Methods

All participants underwent the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to assess PFC. Insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function were measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIVGTT) and OGTT‐derived indices.

Results

As glucose tolerance deteriorated, parameters such as Stumvoll index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β, insulinogenic index and oral disposition index from the OGTT, and acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) and disposition index (DI) from the FSIVGTT were decreased. PFC increased with deterioration in glucose tolerance (NGT: 12.0%, prediabetes: 23.7%, and diabetes: 31.9%). Correlation analysis indicated that glucose levels at 60 and 120 min during the OGTT were positively correlated with PFC. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between PFC and DI as well as AIR derived from the FSIVGTT.

Conclusions

PFC evaluated by 1H‐MRS in Korean adults was higher in those diagnosed with diabetes than those with normal glucose tolerance status. PFC also showed a significant negative correlation with indices reflecting beta cell function.
Impact of seasonal hydrological variation on tropical fish assemblages: abrupt shift following an extreme flood event
Authors: Chea Ratha , Pool Thomas K. , Chevalier Mathieu , Ngor Pengbun , So Nam , Winemiller Kirk O. , Lek Sovan , Grenouillet Gaël
Published: December 2020

Pulsing hydrology is a major factor affecting fish communities in tropical river‐floodplain ecosystems. Species responses to flow alteration are however poorly understood and are thus difficult to predict. Here, we investigated temporal changes in fish community structure (taxonomic and functional) in the Tonle Sap Lake, a floodplain ecosystem in Cambodia that supports the world largest inland fisheries and a UNESCO biosphere reserve. Fish catches were monitored daily at five locations around the lake between 2012 and 2015, with 53 species obtained over the course of the field study. Nine fish traits were recorded and used to characterize the functional composition of fish communities. Temporal changes in functional community structure in response to hydrological variation were assessed using multiple co‐inertia analysis (MCOA) and cross‐correlation function (CCF) approaches. Analyses revealed an abrupt shift in functional structure following extreme flood events in 2013 that included a marked decrease in large‐bodied fish at high trophic levels. Also observed were seasonal changes in the relative abundance of life‐history strategies, feeding habits, and accessory respiratory adaptations. Black fish (species that are relatively sedentary with an equilibrium‐type life‐history strategy) dominated during low‐water periods, whereas white fish (migratory species with opportunistic or periodic life‐history strategies) were dominant during high‐water periods. Dynamics of local assemblage structure were fairly synchronous spatially and were independent of the distance between locations. Species responses to the peak flood pulse were estimated to lag 1–2 months. Findings from this study indicate that management of fisheries resources in the Tonle Sap Lake should consider differential responses of species to hydrology as a function of life‐history strategies and other functional traits as well as factors that may influence time lags in population and community changes to extreme flow events.
Preoperative risk factors associated with chronic pain profiles following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lindberg Maren F. , Miaskowski Christine , Rustøen Tone , Cooper Bruce A. , Aamodt Arild , Lerdal Anners
Published: December 2020

Background

One in five patients experience chronic pain 12 months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This longitudinal study used a person‐centred approach to identify subgroups of patients with distinct chronic pain profiles following TKA and identified preoperative characteristics associated with these profiles.

Methods

On the day before surgery, 202 patients completed questionnaires that assessed pain, interference with functioning, fatigue, anxiety, depression and illness perceptions. Average and worst pain were assessed prior to surgery, on postoperative day 4, at 6 week and at 3 and 12 months following surgery. Using growth mixture modelling, two subgroups with distinct average and worst pain profiles were identified.

Results

Patients in the “lower average” and “lower worst” pain classes had moderate preoperative pain scores that decreased over the remaining 9 months following TKA. Patients in the “higher average” and “higher worst” pain classes had relatively higher preoperative pain scores that increased during the first three months and then decreased slightly over the remaining 9 months. Patients in the higher pain classes had higher interference with function scores; used opioids prior to surgery more often, were more likely to receive a continuous nerve block and ketamine; had higher preoperative fatigue severity and interference scores; and had worse perceptions of illness than patients in the lower pain classes.

Conclusions

These risk factors may be used to identify subgroups of patients at higher risk for more severe pain after TKA. Future studies should test whether modifying these risk factors can improve patients’ outcomes after TKA.

Significance statement

The present study provides a novel and original analysis of pain profiles following total knee arthroplasty that may contribute to our understanding of the transition from acute to chronic pain. Our results may be used to identify patients at higher risk for poorer outcomes based on preoperative risk factors.
Recent Progress in Electrocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation
Authors: Fan Linfeng , Liu Bowen , Liu Xi , Senthilkumar Nangan , Wang Genxiang , Wen Zhenhai
Published: December 2020

Glycerol, as the major by‐product of biodiesel, can be oxidized into diverse value‐added chemical products via either traditional chemical methods or electrochemical routes. Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) driven by renewable‐derived electricity (e.g., wind and solar) is a promising pathway for fine chemicals production. In an electrochemical cell, GOR can be coupled with various cathodic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); in this manner, different benefits of either energy effectiveness or additional value‐added products can be obtained depending on the cathode reduction reaction selected. Comprehensively understanding of electrocatalytic GOR and the associated processes is of great significance to promote its industrial application. Herein, recent progress of GOR is focused on. The background of biomass‐derived glycerol valorization to energy and value‐added chemicals as well as the electrochemical conversion techniques via GOR is introduced. Then, the electrocatalytic reaction pathways, the potential application of GOR, and the measurement method for products are also discussed and summarized. Special emphasis is put on the design and the development of high‐selectivity and high‐activity electrocatalysts for GOR. Finally, the challenges and the future prospects in the fields of GOR are highlighted.
High‐performance flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on necklace‐like PZT particle chains
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Lin Xiujuan , Liu Huan , Yuan Zie , Huan Yu , Yuan Xi , Huang Shifeng , Cheng Xin
Published: December 2020

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (F‐PENG) as a clean, green power generation device have attracted much attention. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was used to prepare flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators with necklace‐like oriented structure. The results showed that the oriented structure significantly improved the electrical output performance of F‐PENG by enhancing the stress and free charge transmission. For the F‐PENG with 8 vol% oriented PZT particle, open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current reached 176 V and 35 μA and an instantaneous power of up to 2 mW was collected for an optimal matched load resistance of 6 MΩ. Output voltage and current increase by 135% and 133%, respectively, compared with the F‐PENG with random structure. Meanwhile, the finite element simulation results also confirmed the superiority of this oriented structure. There was a clear linear relationship between the output voltage and pressure, and the sensitivity was 1.13 N/V. The oriented PZT particle‐based F‐PENG with excellent electrical output performance has great application prospects in the fields of green power generation and self‐powered building monitoring system.
TamForen: A tamper‐proof cloud forensic framework
Authors: Ye Fei , Zheng Yunzhi , Fu Xiao , Luo Bin , Du Xiaojiang , Guizani Mohsen
Published: December 2020

Cloud forensics has become increasingly critical in cloud computing security in recent years. A fundamental problem in cloud forensics is how to safely and effectively obtain, preserve, and analyze evidence. With massive cloud forensic systems and tools having been proposed over the years, we identify one challenge that is not adequately addressed in the current literature. The problem is “credibility of cloud evidence”; this is where the evidence collected in the cloud is unreliable due to its multitenancy and the multiple participants in the forensic process. In this paper, we develop a new Cloud Forensics Tamper‐Proof Framework (TamForen) for cloud forensics, which can be used in an untrusted and multitenancy cloud environment. This framework relies on the cloud forensics system independent of the daily cloud activities and is implemented based on the Multilayer Compressed Counting Bloom Filter. Unlike existing cloud forensics methods that depend on the support and trust of cloud service providers, TamForen takes into account the untrustworthiness of participants in the forensics process and conducts tamper‐proof protection of data in a decentralized way without violating users' privacy. We simulate a cloud forensics environment to evaluate TamForen, and the results show that TamForen is feasible.
Consumer acceptance among Dutch and German students of insects in feed and food
Authors: Naranjo‐Guevara Natalia , Fanter Michelle , Conconi Anna Maria , Floto‐Stammen Sonja
Published: December 2020

Due to the environmental and nutritional benefits of insects, their consumption would be one of the solutions to feed the growing human population. Despite the increasing interest in the use of insects as food and feed, consumer acceptance is the major obstacle to successful implementation in Western countries and we studied the factors that influence consumer acceptance in a group of university students from Germany and the Netherlands. In this exploratory research, a survey was conducted (n = 222). Socio‐demographic and psychological factors were established from a theoretical review. In addition, we elaborated on questions regarding information on the health and environmental benefits of consuming insects. Initially, the data obtained are presented through descriptive statistics. The influence of the socio‐demographic and psychological factors, and the information on the willingness to accept insects as animal feed and human food was analyzed using correlations and multiple linear regressions. Results showed more willingness to accept insects as animal feed than in human food. The acceptance among German and Dutch students seems to be driven by issues similar to those in other European countries, such as visual aspects and knowledge about the benefits. The effect of the information on willingness constitutes an important finding of this study, especially for the use of insects in animal feed, since most of the previous studies have focused on the use of insects as human food. Our data support the need to inform and educate consumers about the environmental and health benefits of entomophagy. We conclude that effective efforts to implement entomophagy could increase the level of familiarity with the insect food and inform (or educate) consumers about its benefits. Insights from this study are useful to address studies focusing on specific segments of possible early adopters and consequently addressing communication strategies in this market segmentation.
Optimal portfolio allocation using option‐implied information
Authors: Kyriacou Maria , Olmo Jose , Strittmatter Marius
Published: December 2020

This paper explores option‐implied information measures for optimal portfolio allocation. We introduce two state variables constructed from option prices. The first state variable is the risk‐premium on the risky asset and the second variable is the market price of risk. We also explore a lognormal distribution, a mixture of lognormal distributions, and a binomial tree for constructing the implied risk‐neutral density function. Using a combination of statistical and economic measures applied to a portfolio given by the 1‐month US Treasury bill and the S&P 500 Index we show the good performance of option‐implied information measures for optimal portfolio allocation.