bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATIONS OF COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN HOMOCYSTINURIA
Authors: Hilden M. , Brandt N. J. , Nilsson I. M. , Schønheyder F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The coagulation mechanisms have been investigated in a 22‐year‐old woman with homocystinuria during two periods, one without and one with treatment. In spite of significant changes in the homocystine concentrations in both plasma and urine no changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic relations could be proved during the two periods. It is concluded that the factor causing the tendency to thromboembolic episodes still has to be disclosed.
NUCLEOLAR SIZE IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT PLASMA CELL PROLIFERATION
Authors: Turesson Ingemar
Published: August 2010

Abstract Nucleolar and nuclear size of bone marrow plasma cells has been studied in 26 cases of myeloma, 19 of benign essential monoclonal gammapathy (BEMG) and 9 without an M‐component. Bone marrow smears were Feulgen‐stained to visualize nucleoli and nuclei. Nucleolar area, nuclear area and the ratio nucleolar area/nuclear area were calculated. The myeloma group differed from the other two groups in having plasma cells with larger nucleoli, larger nuclei and an increased ratio nucleolar area/nuclear area. No difference was found between the BEMG group and the cases without an M‐component. In some cases—in which the absence of osteolytic lesions at X‐ray examination, a low plasma cell percentage in bone marrow smears or a low M‐component concentration initially made the diagnosis of myeloma uncertain—the observation of enlarged nucleoli could help to establish the diagnosis. Three cases were observed in which the onset of myeloma was preceded by a long period of essentially unchanged M‐component concentration. In these cases a sudden increase of M‐component concentration was accompanied by an increase of mean nucleolar size of bone marrow plasma cells.
THE THYROID IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE
Authors: Järnerot G. , Khan A. K. Azad , Truelove S. C.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The frequency of thyroid disease has been surveyed in 300 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 600 controls. The controls were drawn from visitors to the general medical wards of the Radcliffe Infirmary and were matched for age and sex with the UC patients. Two observers independently assessed all these subjects for thyroid enlargement of the simple goitre type. Although there were minor variations between the results obtained by the two observers, they found simple goitre in 8.7–6.3% among the UC patients compared with 4.3–3.3% among the controls; a difference which is significant. A history of thyrotoxicosis was obtained in 3.7% of the UC patients compared with 0.8% of the controls (p < 0.01). In more than half of the UC patients with a history of hyperthyroidism, the hyperthyroidism occurred years before the onset of the colitis. It is therefore highly unlikely that hyperthyroidism is a complication of the colitis. Possible reasons for the association of the two diseases are discussed but it is concluded that no satisfactory explanation exists at present.
THE THYROID IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE
Authors: Järnerot G. , Truelove S. C. , Warner G. T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The daily fractional turnover of thyroxine (T4) labelled with 131I has been determined in 11 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease and 8 controls. The daily fractional turnover of 131I‐T4 was significantly increased in the patient group. The daily total disposal of T4 iodine was not significantly different although it was excessive in 3 of the 11 patients. The amount of T4 in plasma did not differ significantly between the patients and the controls. It is concluded that the T4 metabolism is disturbed in UC and Crohn's disease and that excessive losses of T4 iodine can be a cause of iodine depletion in some patients with longstanding and severe disease.
EFFECTIVE THYROXINE RATIO (ETR) AND TSH AS INDICATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Wahlberg Peter , Carlsson Sten‐Anders
Published: August 2010

Abstract Forty‐eight patients with primary hypothyroidism have been studied while on stable replacement therapy with l‐thyroxine (T‐4). The ETR, the serum TSH and the T‐4 dose were correlated. There was considerable dose variation for the achievement of similar TSH and/or ETR values in different patients. The optimal dose of T‐4 must be determined by clinical criteria and supplemented by laboratory investigations. Both the TSH and the ETR can be used to exclude possible underdosage of T‐4, but neither can definitely exclude overdosage. In the monitoring of T‐4 treatment the ETR is preferred because of the simple test procedure. Standardized T‐4 dosage is not recommended for the replacement treatment of hypothyroidism because of the differences in hormone values and in clinical results obtained in different patients with identical doses.
NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTE FUNCTION IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC AND MYELOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Solberg Claus O. , Schreiner Aksel , Helium Kjell B. , Hamre Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract The phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes from 5 patients with early acute myelomonocytic or myeloblasts leukaemia and 5 controls have been examined. In each patient the bactericidal activity was lower than in any control and the neutrophil dysfunction was demonstrated before leukaemia could be diagnosed from clinical and haematological findings. During periods of remission, the bactericidal activity was normal. Results of neutrophil granulocyte function studies may be a significant aid in the early diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and myeloblasts leukaemia.
INTRAUTERINE DEATH AND CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANT (“ANTITHROMBOPLASTIN”)
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Åstedt Birger , Hedner Ulla , Berezin David
Published: August 2010

Abstract A report is presented of a young, otherwise apparently healthy, woman who had had three pregnancies which for some unknown reason terminated in intrauterine death (macerated foetuses). During the third pregnancy a coagulation defect was diagnosed, which was characterized by prolonged coagulation times and prolonged one‐stage prothrombin time. This defect disappeared after the end of the pregnancy, but returned during the fourth pregnancy. This time a circulating anticoagulant was found, which inhibited the action of thromboplastin. The values found for the various coagulation factors were normal. The anticoagulant titre rose during the pregnancy from 1/2 to 1/10. Leucocyte agglutinating as well as Iymphocytotoxic antibodies directed against the husband's cells were demonstrated in the patient during the pregnancy. In this case, by passage of cell fragments and thromboplastic substances to the mother, the foetus had probably induced the development of antibodies against the foetal tissues. The foetus may be regarded as an incompatible transplant. The fourth pregnancy was terminated by caesarean section in the 34th week. The child weighed 1440 g and, after three exchanges of blood, did very well. The placenta was severely infarcted. It is postulated that the development of antithromboplastin during pregnancy may be a contributory cause of intrauterine death.
OXYGEN UPTAKE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT DURING SUBMAXIMAL AND MAXIMAL EXERCISE IN ADULT SUBJECTS WITH TOTALLY CORRECTED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Authors: Bjarke Björn
Published: August 2010

Abstract Ten female and eight male adults with tetralogy of Fallot, the majority totally corrected at adult age, have been studied at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake was determined by the Douglas bag technique and cardiac output by the dye‐dilution method. Maximal oxygen uptake was reduced about 30–40% from normal. Thus a complete normalization of the aerobic working capacity was not achieved in spite of an intracardiac repair that was considered surgically satisfactory. Cardiac output response to exercise was subnormal, mainly due to small stroke volumes and partly because of low heart rates. A fall in stroke volume of more than 10 ml was found in 8 of the patients during exercise. No correlation was found between stroke volume during maximal exercise, on the one hand, and the presence of a particular residual defect, anatomy of the right ventricular outflow tract prior to operation and the use of a right ventricular outflow patch on the other. However, too few patients were studied to allow any definite conclusions as to the possible influence of these variables. It remains to be shown whether the haemodynamic abnormalities will be less and the aerobic work capacity better if total correction is undertaken at an early age.
HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECT OF ATRIAL TRIGGERED VERSUS FIXED RATE PACING AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE IN COMPLETE HEART BLOCK
Authors: Kariöf Ingvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract The central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise have been studied in 25 patients with complete AV block who were treated with fixed rate (FRP) and atrial triggered pacemakers (ATP). The aim of the investigation has been to study the effect of a synchronized atrial contraction for the filling of the ventricles and for the cardiac output (Q̇). Pressures and Q̇ have been determined during heart catheterization. The P wave for triggering the atrial synchronized pacemaker has been obtained with an electrode in close contact with the atria, introduced by means of mediastinoscopy. The study consists of two series. In the first series (12 patients) the central haemodynamics were recorded with each patient connected first the FRP (about 70 impulses/min) and later to the ATP. Most patients were studied both at rest and during exercise, the work loads being identical with both types of pacemakers. Q̇ at rest is 10% higher with ATP (p < 0.02) than with FRP and during exercise 20 % higher with ATP (p < 0.01). Stroke volume (SV) at rest is equal with both types of pacemakers, but significantly larger with FRP during work (p < 0.001). The left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is significantly lower (p < 0.01) with ATP at rest, but not during exercise (p < 0.8). In the second series 13 patients were studied at rest and during exercise. The recordings of pressures and Q̇ were first performed with the patient on ATP. After 30 min rest an identical study was performed with the patient connected to FRP, the rate of which was matched (FRPm) to that previously recorded with ATP. Q̇ at rest is 18% higher (p < 0.01) with ATP than with FRPm and during work 8 % higher (p < 0.05) with ATP. SV at rest is significantly larger (p < 0.01) with ATP than with FRPm, whereas during exercise no significant difference is observed between the two types of pacemakers. LV filling pressure at rest is significantly lower on the 5 % level with ATP; during exercise no significant difference is observed. The investigation shows that in many patients, especially younger ones, treatment with ATP makes it possible to obtain a larger Q̇ during exercise, and thus to increase the oxygen transporting capacity of the circulation. This benefical effect may be more pronounced in patients with low compliance of the ventricular myocardium.
ANTIBODY TITRE CHANGES AND SKIN REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS UNDERGOING PORTOCAVAL SHUNT OPERATION
Authors: Johansen Kirsten Stæhr , Johansen Torben Stæhr , Leerhøy Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Abstract Ten patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing portocaval shunt operation have been followed immunologically during their postoperative course regarding antibody titres to various antigens, viral as well as bacterial. The antibody determinations included rubella, vaccinia and cytomegalo viruses, diphtheria toxoid, Candida albicans, streptolysin O, typhoid and paratyphoid O and H and the syphilis reactions: Kahn, Wassermann and Meinicke. Twenty‐one blood donors served as controls. Skin test reactions to diphtheria, Candida albicans, streptokinase and tuberculin were performed on the same patients. Eight patients submitted to cholecystectomy served as controls for pre‐ and postoperative skin tests and antibody titres. The liver cirrhosis group before operation had a significantly higher number of elevated antibody titres concomitant with a significantly reduced skin test reactivity to diphtheria toxoid and streptokinase. An increase in the number of elevated antibody titres was seen after portocaval shunt operation. In no case was a higher antibody titre associated with an increase in skin reactivity to the corresponding antigen. A number of significant titre changes to viral antigens were seen in the postoperative course without clinical evidence of the corresponding viral disease. These findings indicate that under certain circumstances antibody titre changes should be interpreted with caution.
RESECTION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM—LATE RESULTS
Authors: Cullhed I. , Delius W. , Björk L. , Hallén A. , Nordgren L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A survey of 22 patients operated on with left ventricular (LV) infarctectomy during 1967–72 is given. Clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic results are discussed. In most patients, in whom pre‐ and postoperative examination was possible, there was improvement concerning anginal pain, dyspnoea and attacks of ventricular tachycardia. Exercise studies revealed a lower heart rate at follow‐up. In general, heart size had decreased. Angiographically, there was a decrease in end‐diastolic and end‐systolic heart volume postoperatively, with an increased LV ejection fraction.
THE EFFECT OF NOREPINEPHRINE AND THEOPHYLLINE ON BLOOD GLUCOSE, PLASMA FFA, PLASMA GLYCEROL AND PLASMA INSULIN IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Amman Krister , Carlström Sven , Thorell Jan I.
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and insulin as well as the blood glucose concentration have been followed in two groups of subjects after infusions of theophyllamine. Each individual was examined twice. The 5 subjects in group I were given an infusion of norepinephrine before the theophyllamine at one of the examinations and saline at the other. The 6 subjects in group II were given an infusion of norepinephrine at both examinations, followed by theophyllamine on one occasion and by saline on the other. Thus, the subjects in both groups served as their own controls. It was found that theophyllamine caused lipid mobilization, as measured by the plasma FFA and plasma glycerol concentrations, both when given as the only active drug and when given after norepinephrine. The blood glucose concentration rose slightly after norepinephrine and the plasma insulin level increased concomittantly. When theophylline was given as the only active drug, there was no increase in the blood glucose but the plasma insulin concentration rose slightly.
POLYMORPHIC ACETYLATION OF PROCAINE AMIDE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Karlsson Erling , Molin Lilian
Published: August 2010

Abstract The acetylation of procaine amide has been studied by means of gas liquid chromatography in 33 healthy human volunteers. The acetylator phenotype was determined by measuring unchanged and acetylated sulphapyridine in urine. Slow acetylators of sulphapyridine excreted significantly less procaine amide in acetylated form in the urine than rapid acetylators (9 ± 1% against 19 ± 4%). Hence, it is suggested that the acetylation of procaine amide is subject to the same genetic polymorphism as that of isoniazid and some sulfonamides.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TRACE ELEMENTS BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH HYDRALAZINE
Authors: Wester P. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Urinary excretion of antimony, arsenic, bromine, cadmium, caesium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, mercury, molybdenum, rubidium, scandium, selenium, silver, tungsten and zinc from five hypertensive patients before and during treatment with hydralazine has been investigated. The method consisted of neutron activation analysis combined with a recently developed ion exchange technique. The mean copper excretion during treatment with hydralazine was found to be more than twice that before treatment.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF LEO 1031, AN ALKYLATING CORTICOSTEROID ESTER, IN LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Möller T. R. , Brandt L. , Könyves I. , Lindberg L. G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Leo 1031, a chlorambucil ester of prednisolone, has been administered to 20 patients with generalized lymphocytic lymphoma (LL) of various histologic types. The average daily dose was 40 mg orally; the treatment was given continuously for 1–17 months (mean 7). Complete remission was obtained in five patients and partial remission in ten. The best results were obtained in patients with a nodular type of LL. Significant leucopenia was induced in two patients; no thrombocytopenia has occurred in any patient. In two patients a cushingoid habitus developed after 8 and 4 months, respectively. Leo 1031 may be of value as the single drug in the treatment of some types of LL. A combination therapy with Leo 1031 and vincristine has been tried in 5 of these patients; in 2 as initial therapy and in 3 later in association with relapse. Further trials to assess the value of Leo 1031 as part of a combination schedule are desirable.
RENIN‐SECRETING RENAL TUMOUR WITH SEVERE HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ørjavik O. S. , Aas M. , Fauchald P. , Hovig T. , Øystese B. , Brodwall E. K. , Flatmark A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A 25‐year‐old man presented with severe hypertension associated with hypokalemia, elevated plasma renin level and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Malignant phase hypertension and renal artery stenosis were ruled out, and a preoperative diagnosis of renin‐secreting renal tumour was made on the basis of higher concentrations of renin in the left than in the right renal venous plasma in spite of normal findings on selective renal arteriography. By removal of the affected kidney the tumour was found and it had a very high content of renin. Following the operation the plasma renin level, serum aldosterone concentration and BP became normal. We present a histopathological description and an ultra‐structural study of the tumour.
ADULT HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
Authors: Sørensen Eli , Flodgaard Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of adult hypophosphatasia under treatment with a high orthophosphate (Pi) intake is described. The patient is a 53‐year‐old woman. Her symptoms have progressed for seven years, and it has been necessary to perform osteosynthesis of both crura. The diagnosis rests upon a characteristic clinical picture, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity, high urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine, and an invariably elevated concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in plasma accompanied by a very high excretion of this compound in the urine. An improved technique allowed specific determinations of microquantities of PPi in biologic materials. The concentrations of PPi in plasma and urine remained unchanged when the patient's intake of phosphorus was increased to 1.98 g/day. The PPi/Pi ratio in the urine was 10–20 before treatment. During treatment Pi excretion increased, PPi excretion did not change, and the ratio decreased to around 7. The renal tubular transport of PPi probably was saturated, and therefore PPi, which was circulating in abnormally high concentrations in the patient's fluids, could not be removed by loading with Pi. Four months of treatment did not benefit the patient.
SERUM CALCITONIN RESPONSE TO INDUCED HYPERCALCEMIA
Authors: Telenius‐Berg Margareta , Almqvist Sven , Wästhed Birgitta
Published: August 2010

Abstract The rise in serum calcitonin (Δ‐CT240 min) has been measured during hypercalcemia induced by i.v. infusion of calcium gluconate. This calcium infusion test was used in a prospective screening for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) in 4 families with Sipple's syndrome as well as in 3 sporadic cases of MCT. In 16 normal controls Δ‐CT240 was ‐0.2‐+0.5 ng/ml (mean ± 2 S.D.). Δ‐CT240 was normal in 2 patients with chronic hypocalcemia. In all 14 MCT patients Δ‐CT240 was markedly higher (min‐max 2.2–630 ng/ml), i.e. no false negatives were found. However, in these cases, the diagnosis was already evident from basal serum calcitonin (S‐CT), which up to now has been our most sensitive diagnostic technique for MCT. 19 first‐degree relatives of patients with Sipple's syndrome presented no signs of MCT. In 14 of these Δ‐CT240 was normal (“healthy relatives”), but in 5 it was slightly elevated, intermediate between the controls and the MCT patients. These 5 borderline cases were more sharply delineated from normal by Δ‐CT240 than by S‐CT. Thus our calcium infusion test seems to be the most sensitive method for early diagnosis of occult MCT. We recommend the calcium infusion test for: (a) screening for MCT in all Sipple relatives with normal or only slightly elevated basal S‐CT, (b) postoperative control in both sporadic and hereditary MCT, (c) investigation of supposed non‐MCT tumours with calcitonin production.
AORTOCORONARY VEIN BYPASS IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Hoel Bjørn , Eie Harald , Semb Gudmund , Sivertssen Egil
Published: August 2010

Abstract In the 3‐year period from May 1971 to April 1974, 90 patients had aortocoronary bypass for angina pectoris at Ullevål Hospital. One patient died shortly after the operation (operative mortality 1.1%). There were no further deaths in the observation period. Clinical improvement was seen in 93% of the patients, early shunt patency in 92%. The study suggests that patients with isolated affection of the right coronary artery should not have bypass, because these patients 1) had less severe symptoms, 2) had better preserved left ventricular function, and 3) seemed to have a smaller chance of benefiting from the operation than the other patients. Multiple shunts gave good clinical results and carried no higher surgical risk than did single shunts. Good clinical results were seen also in patients with occluded shunts provided they had at least one patent shunt too. Graft occlusion occurred early and was associated with low graft flow as measured intraoperatively. Graft occlusion was not usually followed by demonstrable myocardial necrosis. In view of the small operative risk and the high score of symptom relief it is concluded that all patients with angina pectoris that does not readily respond to medical treatment, should be considered for aortocoronary bypass.
THE EFFECT OF SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE®) AND METHYLDOPA IN LOW AND NORMAL RENIN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Solheim S. B. , Sundsfjord J. A. , Giezendanner L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effect on BP of 100 and 200 mg spironolactone/day has been compared with that of methyldopa, 750 mg/day, and with combined treatment with both drugs in 32 patients with essential hypertension. The 28 patients who completed the entire investigation were treated for 30 weeks, divided into 4 treatment periods and 4 placebo periods of equal duration. BP did not fall significantly during the initial placebo period, and at the end of each of the intervening placebo periods it rose to pretreatment levels. A significant decrease in mean BP was found during the 4 treatment periods. A fall exceeding 14% was registered in 32% of the patients after methyldopa, 750 mg/day, in 50% of the patients after spironolactone, 200 mg/day, in 89% after combined treatment with both drugs, and in 29% after spironolactone, 100 mg/day. Low renin hypertension was found in 9 of the 28 patients. The average decrease in mean BP after spironolactone, 200 mg/day, methyldopa, 750 mg/day, and after combined treatment did not differ significantly between the low and the normal renin group. The rationale for using diuretics such as spironolactone or thiazide as the basic therapy in essential hypertension is discussed. It is concluded that both are useful in the treatment of essential hypertension and might be used alone or in combination.
STUDIES IN ASYMPTOMATIC PRIMARY HYPERLIPIDAEMIA
Authors: Olsson Anders G.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA clinical and laboratory examination of abnormalities not attributable to atherosclerosis has been performed on 188 male and 126 female adult subjects with hyperlipidaemia. The sample was recruited from 20000 subjects screened at a health control centre who had an initial serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride (TG) concentration above 350 mg/100 ml and 3.50 mmol/l. All were subjectively healthy and had no history of atherosclerotic disease. Known cases of secondary hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Lipoprotein (LP) analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis was made on all subjects including control groups with “non‐elevated” serum lipids. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was performed according to the modified system of Fredrickson et al. Compared to controls, subjects who had elevated very low density LP (VLDL) (types IIB, III, IV and V) were more obese, while subjects with type IIA HLP were shorter. There were more smokers among men with type IIB and women with type IV HLP than in the control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of controls and in higher frequencies in types IIA and IIB. A positive correlation existed between the frequency of arcus corneae and the mean low density LP cholesterol in the different types. Multiple tendon xanthomata (n= 11) were found exclusively in type IIA HLP, palmar xanthomata (n=3) only in the presence of “floating β‐LP” and eruptive xanthomata in one male with type V HLP. The mean ESR was increased in all types of HLP. The Mean S‐GPT and uric acid concentrations were higher in type IV HLP in both sexes than in the control groups. In men with type IV HLP S‐GPT was positively correlated to VLDL TG. The uric acid level was correlated to both the VLDL TG concentration and body weight independently. Of the male subjects with HLP 1/3–1/2 had a diabetic or borderline i.v. glucose tolerance.
THE PROBLEM OF TISSUE OXYGENATION IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ditzel Jørn , Standl Eberhard
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In order to study the determining factors for oxygen transport the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC), red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), and plasma inorganic phosphate were estimated in insulin‐requiring juvenile and adult diabetics in various conditions of metabolic control. 2,3‐DPG has been shown to vary much more in diabetics than in normals, depending upon the state of metabolic control. These fluctuations of 2,3‐DPG are mediated by variations in plasma inorganic phosphate as indicated by a close correlation. While 2,3‐DPG was markedly decreased in diabetic ketoacidosis, it tended to be increased in ambulatory, non‐acidotic patients. Since in the non‐acidotic patients the oxygen‐carrying capacity, i.e. the haemoglobin concentration was simultaneously elevated, these findings suggest the presence of relative tissue hypoxia in diabetes.

Both in non‐acidotic and in ketoacidotic patients there was a strong correlation between the amount of 2,3‐DPG and the P50at actual pH as an experssion of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. In order to guarantee an optimal erythrocyte oxygen release in diabetics the content of red cell 2,3‐DPG and plasma inorganic phosphate should be higher than normal.
Physiopathological Effects of Rapeseed Oil: A Review
Authors: BORG KERSTIN
Published: August 2010

Rapeseed oil has a growth retarding effect in animals. Some investigators claim that the high content of erucic acid in rapeseed oil alone causes this effect, while others consider the low ratio saturated/monoun‐saturated fatty acids in rapeseed oil to be a contributory factor.

Normally erucic acid is not found or occurs in traces in body fat, but when the diet contains rapeseed oil erucic acid is found in depot fat, organ fat and milk fat. Erucic acid is metabolized in vivo to oleic acid. The effects of rapeseed oil on reproduction and adrenals, testes, ovaries, liver, spleen, kidneys, blood, heart and skeletal muscles have been investigated. Fatty infiltration in the heart muscle cells has been observed in the species investigated. In long‐term experiments in rats erucic acid produces fibrosis of the myocardium. Erucic acid lowers the respiratory capacity of the heart mitochondria. The reduction of respiratory capacity is roughly proportional to the content of erucic acid in the diet, and diminishes on continued administration of erucic acid.

The lifespan of rats is the same on corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, whale oil and rapeseed oil diet.

Rats fed a diet with erucic acid or other docosenoic acids showed a lowered tolerance to cold stress (+4° C).

In Sweden erucic acid constituted 3–4 % of the average intake of calories up to 1970 compared with about 0.4 % at present.
Morphological Effects of Rapeseed Oil in Rats
Authors: ENGFELDT BENGT , GUSTAFSSON BENGT
Published: August 2010

The morphological effects on the myocardium of feeding rapeseed oil were compared in conventional and germ‐free rats in short‐term experiments (10 days). It was concluded that the fatty accumulation in the heart muscle cells occurring in rats fed rapeseed oil was not influenced by the presence or absence of a normal intestinal flora.

In long‐term experiments (80 days) under similar conditions, the myocardial effects of feeding germ‐free rats with conventional rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil from the Canadian cultivar Oro very low in erucic acid, or arachis oil were studied in serial sections. Severe myocardial lesions developed in the group of rats fed conventional rapeseed oil, while in the other two groups the myocardium was completely normal. These results give no support to the theory that other factors than C22:1 acids in rapeseed oil are responsible for the myocardial lesions.
Electrocardiogram and Renal Concentrating Capacity in Rats Fed a Diet Containing Rapeseed Oil
Authors: BERGLUND FREDRIK
Published: August 2010

The functional effects of a diet containing rapeseed oil (40 % of total energy intake) were studied in rats, starting at age 28 days. There were no effects on the electrocardiogram in spite of morphological changes in the myocardium. In 10 female rats the urine osmolality following 16 hours of dehydration was approximately 20 % lower than in 10 control rats during the 9th, 10th and 20th week of the experiment. It is suggested that erucic acid in the rapeseed oil inhibits β‐oxidation of fatty acids in the kidney, thereby depriving the kidney of energy involved in sodium transport.
Killed Vaccines—Principal Aspects
Authors: GARD SVEN
Published: August 2010

Summary. On the basis of experience use of polivirus and measles virus vaccines the principles of design and use of inactivated virus vaccines are discussed. It is emphasized that a thorough study of the immunology of a disease should precede attempts at development of vaccines against it. All antigens essential for production of protective immunity must first be recognized to make a meaningful attack on the technical problem of vaccine development possible. Results obtained with poliovirus vaccine indicate that inactivated prepatations may afford protection against implantaion and multiplication of the virus in the mucous membranes provided that sufficiently high titers of circulating antibodies can be established.
Prospective Study among Male Employees in Industry
Authors: Höglund D. , Gustafson A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In a primary prevention study performed in an industrial preventive health center in Göteborg, Sweden, 676 male employees, aged 40–67 years, have been screened for the presence of elevated serum lipid/lipoprotein values, and the estimated prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia (according to the cut points) was 25.8%. The hyperlipoproteinemias were distributed among the three major types, II A, II B and IV, as 12.8. 1.9 and 11.1%, respectively. The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) (n=13), pathologic ECG at rest (n=42), elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and overweight were compared between 128 males with hyperlipoproteinemia and 100 matched normolipidemic controls from the same population. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV was most common in males aged 50 (48–52) years. In type IV the mean systolic BP was higher (p<0.05) than in the controls and overweight was more frequent, particularly in males aged 50 (p<0.05). There were, however, no statistically significant correlations among the variables, serum lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), BP (systolic or diastolic) and body weight (expressed in relation to height) in type IV. CHD (p<0.05) and a pathologic ECG (p<0.01) were more common among males with hyperlipoproteinemia than in the controls. The data from the present and earlier studies suggest that hyperlipo‐proteinemia should be looked for in particular among males aged 50, among males with elevated systolic BP and/or overweight, as well as among males already presenting signs or symptoms of CHD or a pathologic ECG.
Iron Metabolism in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Reizenstein P. , Höglund S. , Landegren J. , Carlmark B. , Forsberg K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The iron metabolism has been studied in 11 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Despite significantly increased amounts of iron in the serum and liver, the porphyria patients absorb not less but significantly more radioiron than normal controls. Whereas phlebotomy‐induced iron deficiency stimulates the absorption in controls, no further stimulation is found in the porphyria patients. The plasma iron turnover is high in the porphyria patients, and some of this iron is probably deposited in the liver. The relationship between the high iron absorption, high plasma iron turnover, high liver iron, liver damage and uroporphyrin production in the liver is discussed. It is suggested that two concurrent genetic defects may cause porphyria cutanea tarda, one in iron absorption and one in porphyrin synthesis by damaged liver cells. The absorption of inorganic iron was higher than that of hemoglobin iron. The possible damage which fortification with inorganic iron could cause to the very small group of porphyria patients is discussed.
On Fibrinolysis in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Almér Lars‐Olof , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In diabetics, irrespective of age at onset and standing of the disease, the fibrinolytic activity in the blood is decreased, most markedly in obese patients and in those with angiopathy. In this investigation we found —significantly more often than in controls—a low release of the plasminogen activator to the blood from the endothelial cells, and also in one fourth of the diabetics an abnormally low activator activity of the vessel walls. These changes, as well as the significantly elevated levels of inhibitors of the fibrinolytic activity, will impair removal of fibrin deposits and possibly contribute to the development of vascular lesions.
Phenformin and Ethyloestrenol in Recurrent Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Hedner Ulla , Isacson Sune
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Altogether 75 patients, 60 of whom had recurrent idiopathic deep venous thrombosis, 10 recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis and 5 retinal venous thrombosis, were given a combination of 100 mg phenformin and 8 mg ethyloestrenol a day for periods varying between 3 and 48 months (mean 16.2). Initially, all the patients had an abnormally low plasminogen activator content in the walls of superficial veins and/or a decreased capacity to release plasminogen activator from the vein walls on venous occlusion of the arms. The combination elicited a significant increase in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity and in the local fibrinolytic activity during standardized venous occlusion of the arms (assayed on fibrin plates) after treatment for 3 months (p<0.001). These activities then remained normal throughout the observation period. In 65 of the 75 patients studied, the plasminogen activator level in the vein wall (histochemically assayed by the method of Pandolfi) was abnormally low initially. The level had increased significantly after treatment for 3 months (p<0.001) and after 12 months there was a further significant increase (p<0.01). After treatment for 12 months all the patients except 2 were normal. The patients in this material had had 2–20 episodes of venous thrombosis, the most recent 5 years before the institution of treatment, in spite of dicoumarol treatment. During treatment 9 thrombotic episodes occurred; in 5 of these patients the fibrinolytic activity of the vessel wall was not normal at the time of the recurrence. Except in 1 patient, who developed lactic acidosis, the side‐effects were not severe.
Urinary Excretion of Glycosaminoglycans in Malignant Diseases of the Haemopoietic and Lymphatic Tissues
Authors: Friman Claes , Juvani Matti
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A study has been made of the urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in 50 patients with malignancies, including 6 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 11 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 10 with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), 10 with multiple myeloma (MM), 7 with Hodgkin's disease and 6 with mycosis fungoides (MF). The total urinary GAG were isolated by precipitation with cetyltrimethyl‐ammoniumbromide (CTAB), and assayed in terms of their hexuronic acid content. A statistically highly significant increase in the excretion of total GAG was observed in all the disorders studied, except Hodgkin's disease, the highest values being seen in myeloid leukaemia (ML). Constant amounts of non‐dialysable urinary GAG were electrophoresed in 0.5 M lithium acetate on cellulose acetate strips, and stained with alcian blue. The densitometric tracings derived from the electrophoresis strips were analysed with a Du Pont Curve Resolver. The electrophoretic data suggested the existence of a qualitative deviation in GAG excretion in CLL and in MF, in that patients with these diseases excreted on an average larger than normal amounts of slowly migrating GAG fractions. Pooled crude urinary GAG material from patients with CLL, MF, AML and CML and from control subjects was further purified and subjected to analytical studies. These indicated that a similar qualitative urinary GAG distribution exists in ML and in controls, whereas the urinary GAG in CLL and MF patients contained relatively more dermatan sulphate (DS, in terms of iduronate) than those of the controls.
Diurnal Variation in Endogenous Production of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Mercke C. , Cavallin‐Ståhl E. , Lundh B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) and total serum bilirubin (SB) have been followed in five healthy male volunteers during one baseline day and one day with no caloric intake. VCO in the morning studies was 11.2±1.7 (mean ±1 S.E.M.) on the baseline day and 10.1±2.3 μmol/mmol total body heme (TBH) and day on the fasting day, respectively. In studies before noon, VCO increased significantly on both days, to values of 17.8±1.6 and 19.6±2.2 μmol/mmol TBH and day, respectively. In the first study in the afternoon, VCO differed significantly between the two days, amounting to 12.1±3.0 and 23.7 ±3.5 on the baseline and the fasting day, respectively. The difference was still significant in the evening, when VCO was 11.6±3.1 and 22.1±4.9 μmol/mmol TBH and day. SB followed the same pattern, with mean values of 4.0±0.3, 4.9±0.3, 4.2±0.9 and 3.0±0.3 μg/ml during the baseline day and 4.5±0.6, 5.4±1.2, 7.0±0.5 and 8.5±1.0 μg/ml, respectively, during fasting day. Only insignificant amounts of conjugated bilirubin were found. The studies confirm earlier reports on the effect of caloric restriction on VCO. Since this effect is simultaneous with an increase in SB, it is concluded that the changes are secondary to an increase in total heme catabolism. They might be due to an increase in intracellular hepatic heme turnover but it cannot be excluded that starvation affects erythropoiesis and/or red cell catabolism, thereby causing an increase in VCO and SB.
The Risk of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in Subjects with Xanthomatosis
Authors: Heiberg Arvid
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The morbidity and mortality in 172 males and 164 females with xanthomatosis have been investigated. Symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD) were the most frequent initial manifestation of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Angina pectoris was the first symptom in about 3/4 of males as well as females; myocardial infarction was the first event in 26% of the males and 9% of the females. Other manifestations of atherosclerosis were comparatively rare and occurred late in life. Half of the subjects were affected with symptoms of atherosclerotic vascular disease by the age of 52 in men and 62 in women, the mean age for first symptoms being 49 and 56 years, respectively. No significant influence of other CHD risk factors than xanthomatosis and hyperlipidaemia was found in these patients. An increase in the number of cardiovascular deaths was seen in xanthomatosis patients, compared with the general population, in particular in the number of “sudden deaths”. Half of the males died before the age of 66 and half of the females before the age of 74.5, which is about 10 and 7 years earlier than predicted at 30 years of age for the normal population. The cumulative relative mortality in both men and women was about twice that expected for the general Norwegian population until 70 years of age.
Lp(a) Lipoprotein and Pre‐β1‐Lipoprotein in Relation to Lipid Levels in Males
Authors: Dahlén G. , Berg K. , Ericson C. , Noer Grethe
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that a slow‐moving pre‐β‐lipoprotein fraction, named the pre‐β1‐lipoprotein, occurred significantly more frequently among subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) than among healthy individuals. This lipoprotein is closely related to, and probably identical with, the Lp(a) lipoprotein. Immunological tests likewise showed that Lp(a) lipoprotein was significantly more common among patients with CHD than among controls. Mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in pre‐β1‐lipoprotein positive than in pre‐β1‐lipoprotein negative individuals. Lp(a+) individuals tended to have higher serum cholesterol values than did Lp(a–) persons but there was no difference in the mean triglyceride value. This apparent discrepancy seems to be due to the presence in occasional sera of lipoprotein fractions with pre‐β1‐mobility, usually of a VLDL nature. These lipoproteins are not associated with the Lp(a) lipoprotein.
Normal Iron Absorption Determined by Means of Whole Body Counting and Red Cell Incorporation of 59Fe
Authors: Larsen Lars , Milman Nils
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Gastrointestinal iron absorption has been measured in 27 apparently healthy subjects (8 males and 19 females) by means of whole body counting. Whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 μCi59 Fe with a carrier dose of 9.9 mg Fe2+ was used as an expression of absorption. The percentage incorporation of the orally applied 59Fe into the total erythrocyte mass within 14 days (erythrocyte incorporation) was estimated as well. Geometric mean iron absorption was 9.1 ± 2.2 (S.D.) % in males and 8.3 ± 2.1% in females; in the entire series it was 8.5 ± 2.1%. The difference between males and females was not significant. Arithmetic mean red cell utilization of absorbed 59Fe was 92.9 ± 4.0 (S.E.M.) % in the entire series. The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation was found to be highly significant (r = 0.96, p < 0.001).
Cutaneous Reactions of the Extremities of Diabetics to Local Thermal Trauma
Authors: Lithner Folke
Published: August 2010

Abstract. An earlier report described cutaneous lesions, consisting of erythema with or without necrosis, on the legs and/or feet of elderly diabetics and the cause was suggested to be an altered reaction to precipitating factors such as cardiac decompensation. The present investigation concerns the cutaneous reactions to traumatization with local heat or cold to the skin of legs and forearms of 35 diabetics and 25 controls. Petechiae within the area of traumatization with either heat or cold were observed more often in diabetics than in controls. They occurred more frequently on the legs than on the forearms. Among the controls, petechiae were observed only in those over 50 years of age and only on the legs. In the diabetics under 50, petechiae were almost always observed when the duration of diabetes was 10 years or more but seldom in young patients with diabetes of short duration. The duration of diabetes was not significantly related to the occurrence of petechiae in diabetics over 50. In these diabetics, moreover, petechiae developed after traumatization with heat of a lower temperature than that which caused petechiae to appear in corresponding controls. The initial skin lesions in dermopathia diabetica (Melin) have a reddened border. The skin of the legs of some of the diabetics developed an intensely reddened border round the area of experimental heat or cold traumatization. These patients were either elderly diabetics or younger patients with diabetes of long duration. Each of them had dermopathia diabetica and each developed atrophic circumscribed skin lesions on the site of traumatization. Nineteen diabetics had dermopathia diabetica and 16 of them developed atrophic circumscribed skin lesions on the site of traumatization, lesions which were never seen in the controls. Thus, diabetics differ from controls in their reaction to a certain thermal trauma. The possible reasons for this altered reaction are discussed.
Hydantoin Derivatives and Malignancies of the Haemopoietic System
Authors: Bichel Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Two patients are described who developed malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) after diphenylhydantoin therapy because of epilepsy. Malignant lymphoma in a few patients receiving this medication has been described earlier. The literature has been reviewed and discussed recently by Rausing and Trell (2).
Diazoxide in the Management of Severe Hypertension
Authors: Møller Birger Broch , Kølendorf Klaus
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Fourteen patients with severe hypertension have been given i.v. diazoxide in a dosage of 5 mg/kg b.wt. The material comprised 2 patients with malignant nephrosclerosis, 4 with chronic nephropathy and severe reduction of renal function, 1 patient with chronic pyelonephritis, 1 with renovascular hypertension and 6 patients with essential hypertension in malignant phase. All patients attained a controllable blood pressure. Eight patients needed only one injection, while the remaining patients required 2–5 injections, and concomitant furosemide therapy. The retinopathy improved in most patients and renal function was unchanged in the azotemic patients. No serious adverse effects were seen, except one hypotensive episode. Diazoxide is easy to handle, dosage can be predetermined, monitoring is simple and we find diazoxide to be a valuable drug in severe hypertension.
Intestinal Decarboxylation of Orally Administered L‐dopa
Authors: Andersson Inger , Granerus Ann‐Kathrine , Jagenburg Rudolf , Svanborg Alvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The intestinal decarboxylation and the absorption of orally administered L‐dopa have been studied in 20 parkinsonian patients in different conditions. The decarboxylation generally amounted to 50–70% of the dose given, i.e. only 30–50% of orally administered L‐dopa reached the general circulation. The shape of the plasma concentration curve varied individually and with the resolvation time of the type of pharmacological preparation given. No obvious difference in the degree of intestinal decarboxylation was observed when tablets with different resolvation times were given but the net absorption of L‐dopa was somewhat greater when it was given as a solution. The decarboxylation in the intestinal organs was found to be rather constant at different times of the day. Isocaloric meals, whether rich in protein or carbohydrate, caused a delay in absorption of L‐dopa, but did not change the degree of decarboxylation. Diurnal variations in the clinical response to L‐dopa could, thus, not be related to diurnal variations in the decarboxylation in the intestinal organs. The delay in L‐dopa absorption after meals may be misinterpreted as lack of response. At dosage with short intervals, the delay may cause an additive effect of two doses.