bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the non-hypercyclicity of scalar type spectral operators and collections of their exponentials
Authors: Markin Marat V.
Published: February 2021

Generalizing the case of a normal operator in a complex Hilbert space, we give a straightforward proof of the non-hypercyclicity of a scalar type spectral operator A in a complex Banach space as well as of the collection

{

e

t
A

}

t
≥
0

{\{{e}^{tA}\}}_{t\ge 0}

of its exponentials, which, under a certain condition on the spectrum of the operator A, coincides with the

C

0

{C}_{0}

-semigroup generated by A. The spectrum of A lying on the imaginary axis, we also show that non-hypercyclic is the strongly continuous group

{

e

t
A

}

t
∈
ℝ

{\{{e}^{tA}\}}_{t\in {\mathbb{R}}}

of bounded linear operators generated by A. From the general results, we infer that, in the complex Hilbert space

L

2

(
ℝ
)

{L}_{2}({\mathbb{R}})

, the anti-self-adjoint differentiation operator

A
≔

d

d
x

A:= \tfrac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}

with the domain

D
(
A
)
≔

W

2

1

(
ℝ
)

D(A):= {W}_{2}^{1}({\mathbb{R}})

is non-hypercyclic and so is the left-translation strongly continuous unitary operator group generated by A.
Diameters of random Cayley graphs of finite nilpotent groups
Authors: El-Baz Daniel , Pagano Carlo
Published: February 2021

We prove the existence of a limiting distribution for the appropriately rescaled diameters of random undirected Cayley graphs of finite nilpotent groups of bounded rank and nilpotency class, thus extending a result of Shapira and Zuck which dealt with the case of abelian groups.
The limiting distribution is defined on a space of unimodular lattices, as in the case of random Cayley graphs of abelian groups.
Our result, when specialised to a certain family of unitriangular groups, establishes a very recent conjecture of Hermon and Thomas.
We derive this as a consequence of a general inequality, showing that the diameter of a Cayley graph of a nilpotent group is governed by the diameter of its abelianisation.
Heat source model for electron beam welding of nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Jokisch Torsten , Doynov Nikolay , Ossenbrink Ralf , Michailov Vesselin Georgiev
Published: February 2021

An adapted heat source model is developed for transient thermal numerical analysis of electron beam welded nickel-based alloy with increased susceptibility to hot cracking. The model enables the consideration of heat redistribution due to beam deflection phenomena. The modeling concept is validated by the appropriate theoretical models and in addition, experimental studies especially performed for this purpose. Special attention is given to the calibration of heat source model parameters. The calibration procedure is based on a statistical approach involving a combination of novel analytical solutions and quasi-steady state finite element models. The model parameter field is statistically analyzed, and a prediction algorithm is developed using optimization algorithms from the six sigma theory. The reliability and practicability of the model is demonstrated by validation weldments. The work is dedicated to precisely calculating the temperature field in the high temperature region around the weld pool and thus to provide a more detailed explanation of the formation of hot cracks when welding turbine materials commonly used in industry and aircraft constructions.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts
Authors: Gupta Pulkin , Kumari Sudha , Gupta Abhishek , Sinha Ankit Kumar , Jindal Prashant
Published: February 2021

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % (
ε
) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.
The crystal structure of 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid chloride, C7H3Cl3O
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: February 2021

C7H3Cl3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.0518(15) Å, b = 9.7403(11) Å, c = 6.9562(9) Å, β = 99.047(4)°, V = 806.42(17) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0793, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of para-nitrobenzylbromide, C7H6BrNO2 – A second polymorph and correction of 3D coordinates
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: February 2021

C7H6BrNO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.7019(6) Å, b = 6.4700(9) Å, c = 25.283(4) Å, V = 769.14(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0294, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0671, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 2-methoxy-4b,5,14,15-tetrahydro-6H-isoquinolino[2′,1′:1,6] pyrazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline, C19H18N4O
Authors: Dan Yan Rong , Gan Lin Ling , Yu Yu
Published: February 2021

C19H18N4O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3744(16) Å, b = 13.7367(15) Å, c = 11.208(2) Å, β = 118.51(2)°, V = 1538.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0494, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1327, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[tetra(μ
2-cyanido-κ2
N:O)-bis(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)-manganese(II)-platinum(II)], C10H14MnN6O2Pt
Authors: Ha Kwang
Published: February 2021

C10H14MnN6O2Pt, monoclinic, C2/m (no. 12), a = 15.8030(7) Å, b = 7.6794(3) Å, c = 7.0970(3) Å, β = 110.8462(17)°, V = 804.89(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0108, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0266, T = 223 K.
Obtaining Dynamic Responses of Rotor from a Synchronizing Derived System Driven by Responses of Some Elastic Supports
Authors: Sun Tao , Qin Wei-yang
Published: February 2021

For rotating machinery, during its running, direct measuring for vibration of rotating components is very difficult. To overcome this defect, we presented a scheme to obtain dynamical responses of a rotor system by synchronizing with a derived virtual system. For a rotor system, a derived system is established, of which some parts are designed to be incorporated with the measurable part of the original rotor system. Then it is proved theoretically that the two systems can reach synchronization, which implies the two systems’ responses are identical. We hope that the derived virtual system can exhibit the dynamical response of the original system, especially in the case of faults occurring. Thus in simulations, first we add a base disturbance to the rotor system. The simulation results reveal that the derived system can reach synchronization with the disturbed rotor quiet well and thus show the disturbed response. Then we assume that there occurs bolt looseness in the rotor support, the simulation shows that the derived system can maintain synchronization with the fault rotor. Thus we can obtain the response of the rotor from the derived system, even the angle response difficult to measure in practice.
Semblante, discurso y simulacro en la escena contemporánea
Authors: Rossi Miguel Ángel , MUNIAGURRIA Mandela Indiana
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo tematiza la centralidad de la imagen en la contemporaneidad, atendiendo a la problemática del lazo social desde el psicoanálisis lacaniano. En este sentido, se partirá del anudamiento borromeano entre los registros real, simbólico e imaginario, interrogándose acerca de la distinción entre semblante y simulacro, y su articulación con el pseudodiscurso capitalista y el avance de las tecnociencias.
The role of the President of the Republic of Poland in Conferring the Academic Title of Professor – Selected Issues
Authors: Hyżorek Aleksander
Published: February 2021

This article presents selected issues related to the conferring scientific titles by the President of the Republic of Poland. It was pointed out that The Council of Scientific Excellence was the body competent to carry out the procedure for granting the academic title, and the President merely conferred the academic title. Such an act of the President is a conventional act – an official act of the President, which requires a countersignature of the Prime Minister. The article indicates that the President must confer a scientific title if the Council of Scientific Excellence submits such a request. There is no legal basis for the head of state to check the activities of The Council of Scientific Excellence. The example of receiving the vow by the President from newly appointed judges was used, the procedure in this regard was indicated, the date of picking up the oath and the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal was presented. In the summary, it was indicated that the President should immediately submit the request of The Council of Scientific Excellence to be awarded, i.e. in the order of receipt of the applications. It was also noted that there were no legal grounds for the President’s refusal to confer an academic title.
Violation of the Regulations in Force at the University as a Ground for the Student’s Disciplinary Liability
Authors: Piwoński Karol
Published: February 2021

Violation of the regulations in force at the university is one of the basis of student’s disciplinary liability. The law does not specify a catalogue of these regulations, which contributed to discrepancies in the scientific works and jurisprudence of disciplinary commissions. The article aims to determine the normative content of this basis. The considerations include changes introduced by the Higher Education and Science Act, as well as statements of the representatives of science and jurisprudence. The analysis leads the author to the position that the considered basis includes the abovementioned Act, as well as the internal law of the university issued on its basis, in particular its statute and study regulations. Although internal acts can not be indicated exhaustively, in order to establish the disciplinary offence it is necessary to determine that the infringed obligation was legally binding for the student.
Selected Problems Regarding the Status of PhD Student
Authors: Pyrzyńska Agata
Published: February 2021

The Act of 20 July 2018 Law on Higher Education and Science modifies the system of education of PhD students in a significant way. In this act, the doctoral studies model was abandoned in favor of the doctoral school system. Along with the indicated change, the status of PhD students as a separate academic group was also ordered. Thus, the practice of treating PhD students as quasi-students has been broken. The new education model also provides for a number of institutional guarantees, which should have a pro-quality impact on the education system of future academic staff. The paper discusses selected solutions in this area, paying special attention to the universal scholarship system, the social security system of PhD students and mechanisms of parenthood protection among doctoral students.
The Right to Education for Learners with Special Educational Needs in Lithuanian Higher Education
Authors: Pasvenskienė Aušrinė , Žaliauskaitė Milda
Published: February 2021

This article considers the implementation of the right to higher education for learners with special needs in Lithuania. Although this right is guaranteed by various international documents and national legal acts, the main responsibility to ensure equality in higher education for all learners is embedded in the discretion of higher education institutions. The aim of this article is to analyse Lithuanian legal regulation regarding inclusion of students with special needs into higher education institutions and to evaluate Lithuanian university policies, as institutional documents, concerning students with special educational needs. A brief overview and comparison of all Lithuanian HEI policies illustrates the institutional approach towards educating students with SEN and the level of attentiveness to realization of their right to education. The research also considers pivotal challenges of ensuring inclusive education for those students as well as presents recommendations to address these challenges.
Pattern of Resident Movement and Mobility from The Area of Origin to The City (Case Study in Mranggen District)
Authors: Ahmada Naufal Haidar , Basuki Yudi
Published: February 2021

The border areas of villages and cities are areas that intersect and influence each other. This was the case between Mranggen District and Semarang City. The development of Mranggen is growing rapidly along with the city of Semarang. All of this has the potential to cause changes in regional characteristics both spatially and socio-economically. This phenomenon is indicated by an increase in population, socio-economic activities as a result of increased population mobility from Mranggen to Semarang and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to analyze the movement and mobility factors of the existing population in terms of age, education level, occupation, income and expenditure and distance. This study uses crosstab sampling analysis to determine the level of relationship and population mobility that occurs. The benefit of this research is to provide input to relevant stakeholders in planning this area
Implementation of Character Education in Social Studies Subjects at the Special School D / D1 YPAC Semarang
Authors: Muryanti Sri , Masrukhi Masrukhi , Pramono Suwito Eko
Published: February 2021

Social studies have an essential role in applying character values ​​for students. The purpose of social studies is to form good character and prepare students to become good citizens. This is following the goals of character education for children with special needs, namely to meet needs, familiarize social life, and form good behavior and attitudes following the norms prevailing in the society. Therefore, students must live in harmony with the community, and so must be applied in students. So that the problems in the form of a lack of independent nature and self-confidence of SLB students at YPAC Semarang are problems that must be resolved by teachers and schools as facilitators, a low character of student discipline accompanies this lack of attitude, so schools need to implement it. For SMPLB D / D1 YPAC Semarang, character internalization that is trying to be carried out includes the value of the self-confident character to find their potential and develop according to their talents. Have an independent nature to equipping children with special needs to live independently by minimizing assistance from other parties and the character of discipline that will later become provisions before living in society.
Students’ Concepts Understanding Through Inquiry Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom in the Theme of "Heat and Its Transfer"
Authors: Nadhifatul A’yun Silva , Alimah Siti , Dharma Putra Ngurah Made
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the improvement and profile of students' conceptual understanding through a local wisdom-based inquiry model. This research used mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The population in this study were all class 5 students from six elementary schools in Mayong Jepara. The selection of sample of this study used simple random sampling technique. The study has two sample of class 5 of SD Negeri 2 and SD Negeri 3 Mayong Lor with 27 student and 30 student as the sample, respectively. The first stage is a quantitative method in the form of a true-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group design type. Data collection was used test, to know the understanding of the student on heat transfer concept. Then completed using documentation and interview for qualitative stage. Then for data analysis was used n-gain test and description according to Miles and Hubermans models. Based on the conceptual understanding score shows the average score obtained by the experimental class student was increased from 51.48 to 77.41 and the control class obtained an average increase from 52.33 to 66.00. The results of the average difference test of students’ conceptual understanding show that the sig. (2-tailed) value generated is 0.001 < 0.05, it indicates H0 is rejected, which means that there is a difference in conceptual understanding between the inquiry class and the local wisdom-based inquiry class. The profile of concept understanding on each indicator of class 5 students on the theme of heat and its transfer through the inquiry model as a whole is included in the good category with a percentage of 79.32 and the results of the interviews showed that students are easier to understand the material conveyed through direct observation to the roof tile manufacturing company.
The Development of Enrichment Book of Writing Negotiation Texts: The 21st Century’s Competencies of Senior High School Students
Authors: Rofingah Rofingah , Zulaeha Ida , Wagiran Wagiran
Published: February 2021

The enrichment book is one of the supporting tools of learning activities directed in developing of students’ knowledge, insights, and skills. The purpose of this research is to describe the profile and acceptability of the development of enrichment book in writing negotiation texts based on the 21st century’s competencies that are in appropriate with the students’ and educators’ needs. This research was conducted by seven stages that used a research and development design. The seven stages are (1) potential and problems, (2) information and data collection, (3) design of book’s profile, (4) validation test (5) revision (6) limited trial, and (7) final revision. The result of this research is a development of enrichment book for writing negotiation texts that is compiled with 21st century’s competencies (4C) which is directed at 21stcentury learning. The negotiation text that is developed contains of the 21st century’s competencies aspects, namely critical-thinking, creative, communicative, and collaborative. The acceptability of enrichment books for educators and students is an enrichment book that helps them understand and increase their knowledge of the materials in writing negotiation texts, and the presentation of enrichment book is adjusted to students’ characteristics and their development level. The theoretical benefits of this research can be used as an alternative theory in developing an enrichment book that is customized to the need of 21st century’s students. The practical benefit can be used as a guide-book for the educators.
Managing Changes in First Nations’ Health Care Needs: Is Telehealth the Answer?
Authors: Lavoie Josée Gabrielle , Williams Donna
Published: February 2021

The health care needs of First Nations are changing. Chronic diseases now account for most hospital admissions, partially as a result of underinvestment in primary health care. This situation results in an unnecessary reliance on secondary and tertiary care, at a must higher cost to the provincial health care systems, and human cost to First Nations themselves. Telehealth is being promoted as a possible solution. This remains under-researched. While cost savings related to transportation have been documented, researchers have yet to tackle potential efficiencies across the federal/provincial health system divide. Les besoins des Premières nations en matières de services de santé sont en transition. Les maladies chroniques constituent la majorité des admissions dans les hôpitaux, en partie due à un manque d’investissement dans les soins de santé primaires. Cette situation résulte en une dépendance envers les services de santé secondaires et tertiaires, et engendre des coûts additionnels pour les systèmes de santé provinciaux, ainsi que des coûts humains considérables pour les Premières nations. Télésanté est maintenant promu comme une solution possible. Alors que des économies en terme de transport ont été documentées, la recherche ne s’est pas penchée sur les efficacités potentielles à réaliser à travers les systèmes fédéraux et provinciaux.
Dynamic economic growth: A new method of approach
Authors: Villalbos Céspedes Daniel
Published: February 2021

This paper looks at Harrod’s fundamental assumptions and equations in ‘An essay in dynamic theory’ as the foundation for suggesting a better understanding of his postulates on economic growth. The analysis we present attempts to measure the effects of resource composition on the field of economic growth by determining its elasticity and the coefficient of acceleration. By addressing new critical assumptions, key formulas, and methods of approach, some crucial findings provide a strong theoretical model with which to examine dynamic economic growth. Furthermore, this paper offers a brief review of Solow’s and Swan’s critiques of Harrod’s essay. This analysis could inspire further advances in the study of economic growth at the academic level and even in terms of government macroeconomic policies and business decisions.
Sexualidad al debate. Transformaciones, tensiones y continuidades en la historia reciente de Costa Rica
Authors: Fernández Carvajal Doris , Preinfalk Fernández María Luisa , Sequeira Rovira Paula
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo refiere algunas discusiones que se han producido en Costa Rica, en los últimos 50 años, en torno a temáticas relacionadas con la sexualidad. Se analizaron acontecimientos que marcaron el rumbo de la historia en este campo, sus repercusiones y los retos que generaron. Varias de estas disputas giran en torno a la educación en sexualidad, las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, la planificación familiar, la sobrepoblación, el aborto y otros temas atinentes. En estas discusiones, se destacaron diferentes actores sociales, con múltiples enfoques o visiones que, muchas veces, se contrapusieron, cuyas intervenciones suscitaron tensiones en el ambiente político nacional y, en algunas ocasiones, debilitaron las iniciativas estatales. La revisión y análisis de la información se efectuó a partir de periódicos nacionales, investigaciones, informes de proyectos, libros y artículos académicos que se publicaron entre 1965 y 2019. Los análisis realizados permiten afirmar que las discusiones en sexualidad y reproducción han tenido un lugar protagónico en la visión de desarrollo del país, de allí la importancia de contextualizar las dinámicas sociales vinculadas a ellas y las implicaciones que tienen en la vida de las personas.
State-of-art and some ideas for future progress of bioassays with plants
Authors: Dzjuba O. I. , Taran O. P. , Viter A. V. , Zaimenko N. V.
Published: February 2021

Comparing with the trivial physical, physicochemical and chemical ways of the search of the agents of interest, the bioassays have the set of advantages, including the demand of less precision tools, less amounts of costs, labors and some other means. To date bioassays have formed the separate domain with its own theoretical basis, including classification, systematization, methodology, and meta-research. The present review analyzes the major spheres of the application of bioassays, such as environmental monitoring, quality control of foods. Bioassays contribute to the studies of the properties of plant metabolites, the peculiarities of the influence of various agents with potentials of toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, etc. Bioassays not only enable the identification of stimuli by the specificity of structure (from atomic to supramolecular level), but also explore the stimuli functionally – in sense of the diversity of biological effects. This research approach is built on the indicators, which belong to the vast range of levels of living matter: from macromolecules to multi-cellular organisms. Great attention in this paper is paid to the parameters, detected in the process of bioassays, also to the methods and related instruments. We divide the methods into general physical, general chemical, general biologic and complex ones. The series of challenges to be researched in future are highlighted. They are: 1) elaboration of the investigatory option, which would be the same with the quantitative tests in chemistry; 2) the integration of the ideas of conventional bioassays with the ideas of bioindication and biolocation; 3) extension of the knowledge about correlation of distinct biological effects, induced by stimuli. Ultimately, bioassays are proved to be the actively developing domain of knowledge.
Features of soil thermophysical properties of the southern variant of ravine biogeocenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone
Authors: Gorban V. A.
Published: February 2021

Thermophysical properties are an important characteristic of the general condition of soils, which determine the peculiarities of the distribution of heat flow in them. Today studies of thermophysical properties of soils, including the steppe zone of Ukraine, are practically not performed. This determines the relevance of the work, which is devoted to establishing the characteristics of the thermal properties of various soils. As a result of the study of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of soils of northern and southern exposures, as well as the thalweg of the Voyskovoy Bayrak (located near the village of Voyskovoe Solonyansky district of Dnipropetrovsk region), it was found that the most important soil factors particles of physical clay and organic matter content. It was found that the eluvial horizons of the chernozem of the forest of the northern exposure differ in the reduced values ​​of heat capacity and thermal conductivity in comparison with the illuvial horizons. Eluvial horizons of forest-meadow soil of thalweg are characterized by increased values ​​of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity, as well as reduced values ​​of heat capacity compared to illuvial horizons. Eluvial horizons of forest chernozem of southern exposure are characterized by lower values ​​of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity compared to illuvial horizons. The most significant boundary between eluvial and illuvial horizons in terms of thermophysical properties is characteristic of the chernozem of forest southern exposure, which is manifested in a sharp increase in the values ​​of thermophysical properties in the first illuvial horizon. Cluster analysis revealed that the most similar in terms of thermal diffusivity are forest chernozems of southern and northern exposures, and in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity – forest chernozems of northern exposure and forest-meadow soil of thalweg ravine.
Reforming the rape offence in Norwegian criminal law
Authors: Jacobsen Jørn , Skilbrei May-Len
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the content, context and development of the Norwegian rape offence to frame and explain current reform discussions. The authors describe how the offence has gradually expanded over time by partial reforms, the last in 2000, leading up to the contemporary stand of law. The article shows that the role and priorities of the feminist movement has had consequences for how the rape offence has developed. There are currently debates on whether to further revise the rape offence. While debaters share the view that rape is a serious offence and that more should be done to combat it, they are divided in how they see the potential and role of law; some debaters emphasise law as a practical instrument, others instead focus more on its symbolic functions. The authors argue that both perspectives are legitimate and needed, and see this acknowledgment as key for moving debates forward.
FINANCING OF BRAZILIAN COMPANIES DURING FINANCIAL CRISES: COMPARATIVE BETWEEN THE CRISES OF 2002, 2008 AND 2015
Authors: FRANZOTTI TATIANE D. A. , MAGNANI VINÍCIUS M. , AMBROZINI MARCELO A. , VALLE MAURÍCIO R.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the financing decisions by Brazilian companies in the financial crises of 2002, 2008 and 2015, and to identify the impacts of these crises, as well as the influence of the funding sources - banking, subsidized sources and capital markets - on the leverage and maturity of companies' debts in these periods. Originality/value: Crises establish opportunities for the study of determining factors and their impacts on companies. There is no empirical evidence on the impacts of crises on the capital structure of Brazilian companies taking into account the comparison between the crises of 2002, 2008 and 2015, which motivated the present study. Design/methodology/approach: We performed descriptive analyzes and estimated regressions by panel data. Findings: The results showed a statistically positive relationship between financial crises and corporate leverage, as well as short and long-term debt. With regard to leverage, banking resources, resources from capital and subsidized markets showed a statistically positive relationship with the level of leverage of companies only in the 2008 crisis. Considering the maturity of debts, the 2002 crisis was an important determinant for companies' short-term debt decisions, in view of the predominant participation of banking resources at that time. Financing sources were important in determining companies' long-term indebtedness in the 2008 crisis.
Dupla jornada de trabalho na enfermagem: dificuldades enfrentadas no mercado de trabalho e cotidiano laboral
Authors: Soares Samira Silva Santos , Lisboa Marcia Tereza Luz , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Silva Karla Gualberto , Leite Jandra Cibele Rodrigues de Abrantes Pereira , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo compreender por meio da lexicografia básica os vocabulários mais frequentes expressos por trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre a experiência de ter uma dupla jornada de trabalho. Método pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 30 trabalhadores de enfermagem com dupla jornada de trabalho captados pela técnica snowball, entre janeiro e março de 2019, na cidade de Eunápolis, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, processados com o auxílio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ®). A partir da nuvem de palavras deu-se a análise lexical. Resultado os léxicos mais frequentes identificados no corpus foram “não” e “gente”. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os vários “nãos” evocados pelos participantes apontam que a experiência de trabalho é marcada por negatividade, restrições e sofrimento, fato que coloca em risco a saúde dessa “gente”, ou seja, desse coletivo profissional, suas relações sociais e até mesmo a qualidade da assistência prestada ao cliente. A compreensão desse contexto é fundamental para produzir reflexões que contribuam para a construção de políticas públicas voltadas à valorização e proteção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem bem como para reforçar a indispensável necessidade da enfermagem se fortalecer como classe trabalhadora.
Heave and pullout studies of geogrid-encased granular pile-anchors in expansive clay beds
Authors: Raghuram Ammavajjala Sesha Sai , Phanikumar Bhyravajjula Ramachandra , Purnanandam Kokkeragedda , Srirama Rao Ajjarapu
Published: February 2021

This paper presents heave and pullout studies of plain granular pile-anchors (GPAs) and geogrid-encased GPAs. Experiments were conducted in California bearing ratio (CBR) moulds and fabricated moulds of size 381 × 381 × 457 mm in expansive clays. The GPA method is an innovative technique developed for reducing heave and improving bearing capacity and pullout capacity. In this study, GPAs were encased in geogrids to augment the engineering performance of the system. Tests were conducted in CBR moulds and fabricated larger moulds to study and compare the heave and pullout behaviour of plain GPAs and geogrid-encased GPAs. The results indicated that the clay beds reinforced with geogrid-encased GPAs showed better heave and pullout behaviour. Heave decreased by 90.8% and 92.5%, respectively, in the case of plain and geogrid-encased GPAs installed in the CBR moulds and by 95.12% and 98.3% in the case of plain and geogrid-encased GPAs installed in fabricated large moulds. Pullout load on geogrid-encased GPAs in CBR moulds improved by 42.17% over that on plain GPAs and pullout load on geogrid-encased GPAs in the fabricated large moulds improved by 52.25% over that on plain GPAs.
Revoking a Decision to Suspend Payment of Disputed Tax "on Further Consideration": An Administrative Law Perspective
Authors: De Lange Silke
Published: February 2021

The "pay now, argue later" rule entails that the obligation to pay tax and the right of the South African Revenue Service (SARS) to receive and recover tax are not suspended by objection or appeal. However, in terms of section 164(2) of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (hereafter TAA), a taxpayer may request a senior SARS official to suspend the payment of disputed tax and a senior SARS official may, in terms of section 164(3) of the TAA, grant such a suspension having regard to certain relevant factors. Section 164(5) of the TAA further provides that the decision to suspend may be revoked on a number of grounds. One of the grounds is when a senior SARS official is satisfied, on further consideration of the factors which had to be taken into account when the suspension was granted, that the suspension should not have been granted. There is no indication in the TAA that this ground for revoking the suspension requires that there should be a material change in the factors, as this is provided for in a separate ground to revoke the decision to suspend the payment of disputed tax. It is also not required, for example, that the taxpayer should have failed to disclose information when making the request to suspend the payment. It is argued in this article that the ground for revoking a decision to suspend payment "on further consideration of the factors" raises concerns from an administrative law point of view. This is based on the revocation being an "administrative action" as contemplated in section 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 read together with the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000, which requires that the revocation should be lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair. The concerns raised in this article relate not only to the rights of taxpayers, but also to the duties of the SARS officials revoking a decision to suspend payment as it is equally important that administrators should be able to know how and when to act in a manner which is lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair.
The History of Turkish Education Course Based on Technopedagogical Education: An Action Research
Authors: ÇAM Şefika
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to (a) determine how The History of Turkish Education course was taught under the current conditions, (b) identify the current status of the second-year student teachers (hereafter student) of preschool education regarding the technopedagogical education, (c) design history of Turkish education course activities based on technopedagogical education and specify its effect on the learning-teaching process, and (d) specify the opinions of students on the subject. Action research was applied to achieve this purpose. The researcher designed an action plan and implemented it into a two-hour history of Turkish education course that lasted 12 weeks in the 2018-2019 spring term. The study was conducted with 30 students. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaire forms. Findings displayed that traditional methods were used to teach the history of the Turkish education course. Besides, students were passive and had no training based on technopedagogical education. The course designed based on these findings positively affected the learning environment. The students became active, collaborated with their classmates, and communicated constantly with their friends and lecturers even outside the class through social media. However, those who were familiar with traditional teaching methods had difficulty in adopting technopedagogical methods at the first stage; they were adapted to these innovations over time. It was suggested that a course with emphasis on theoretical knowledge (e.g., the history of Turkish education) should be taught based on technopedagogical education in such a way that students could be active.
The place of interdisciplinary relationships in science projects of the gifted students in Turkey
Authors: ÇEKEN Ramazan
Published: February 2021

IInstructional design is essential for human cognitive development, and interdisciplinary relationships of those settings have an important role on human cognition. Such instructional settings including various disciplines are current issues in educational researches. As seen in Turkish Science Education Curriculum (TSEC), some relationships between science and environment have been stated and emphasized for mental structures. Learning with projects can help to explore those mental processes. The gifted students can learn effectively and more rapidly than their fellows by the way of such interdisciplinary learning practices. Since these relationships in the curriculum provide the gifted students and the teachers making integrations with disciplines, the project based learning practices include various integrations. Therefore, this documentary study was conducted to student projects selected in a project competition carried out by the gifted students throughout Turkey to explore such interdisciplinary relationships. For the purpose of determining these relationships in student practices made by the Science and Art Centers’ (SAC) students accepted as gifted ones, a total of 76 projects were subjected to the content analysis. With the result of categorization process, they focused on two disciplines to overcome with their problems in general. They prefered to make relationships between firstly biology and chemistry and secondly biology and physics to find valuable answers to their daily life problems. They used the both disciplines’ topics more than other traditional area of science education called as physics. They could make less integrations on physics topics with other disciplines as compared with the connections made between biology and chemistry. Additionally, they could make only 4 connections with geology and geography. Although the 56 of the gifteds’ projects have an interdisciplinary viewpoint totally, only 20 of them include only one scientific disciplines. Such frequencies are important for PBL as it can be a way of coping with the integration problems doing the practices in gifted education spesificially and science education in general.
PAVLOVSKYY P. F.: STROKES FOR THE PORTRAIT OF A REPRESSED LIBRARIAN (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ARCHIVE-INVESTIGATION CASE)
Authors: Martseniuk R.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is the presentation and introduction into scientific usage of archive-investigating case of the senior librarian, the head of the newspaper fund of the National Library of Ukraine, later the library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR Pavlovskyy Petro Fedorovich (1889–1937). The case is now in the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The article provides an analysis of the materials found and the systematization of information in an attempt to recreate the biography of one of the library staff repressed by the Soviet government. The research methodology consists in the application of research methods of sources to search and analyze the documentary historical sources, as well as in use of a problem-chronological approach to historical research, which allows not only to highlight certain biographical moments, but also to highlight events that were associated with the history of one of the largest libraries of Ukraine, while pointing to the activities of the Soviet punitive and repressive system in relation to the cultural heritage of the past. The scientific novelty is a practical significance in expanding the biography of P. F. Pavlovskyy with previously unknown data, as well as the enrichment of the personalistic history of Ukrainian librarianship in Kiev and in the whole Ukraine. In conclusion, this course of a biographical study can attract not only a wider range of archival documents, including those which are currently stored in the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, but also the return of a forgotten national history; can supplement and fill in some gaps in past studies particulary in biographical studies. Thus, the article reconstructs the biography of librarian P. F. Pavlovsky based on the archive-investigation case.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Poliak O.
Published: February 2021

Sociology as sciences and a subject matter has been researched, the phenomenon of significant influence of individual features and knowledge of creators of sociology on its development at an initial stage has been proved, the reasons of differences in evolution of sociology in the Western Europe, the USA and in the East Europe have been analyzed. Improvements of a statement of this period in textbooks for higher schools are offered.
The inaccuracy of the statement distributed in modern textbooks about absence of sociological researches in Soviet Union is revealed. It is specified on the facts of their development in 20-30th years in the form of searches of "the scientific organization of work" and in 60-70th years as realization of "social forecasts".
Significant and completely new information was obtained during the study of structural and didactic characteristics of the sociological education sector in Ukraine. The analysis of reference books for entrants higher education institutions of Ukraine during the years of independence made it possible to trace the evolution of the names of specializations in sociological education of Ukraine and to obtain data on how many higher education institutions offer students different types of learning. The fact of great differences between the classifiers of professions and what was offered and is offered by higher education institutions has revealed and analyzed. The introduction of the new Classifier of Professions DK 0003: 2005 should cause changes in the activities of the higher education institutions.
Ways to accelerate the development and improvement of the sociological education sector in the domestic higher education system are proposed, taking into account the Bologna process and other integration processes, in particular, the need to include Ukraine in creating a common European space Union to continue building its human potential through the creation and accumulation of "development knowledge", an important part of which is sociological knowledge.
Restoration of sociology and formation of sociological education in the USSR 80th years, development and permanent changes of sociological education in independent Ukraine is investigated. Curricula and other aspects of preparation of experts of sociology in several universities and other higher schools are investigated, is specified on existence of a nonagreement of terminology of formulations in diplomas of higher schools with the official Qualifier of trades.
BULUILDING CONTENT TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES OF PREPARING FUTURE SPECIALISTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTHCARE SAVING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Usatova I. , Tkachenko V. , Vedmediuk A.
Published: February 2021

In the article on the basis of scientific and pedagogical sources the ways of perfection of the system of professional education with the purpose of preparing the future specialist for the practical realization of the idea of health saving of the nation at all stages of educational activity are analyzed and solved; the general structure of the system of quality assurance of education at the higher educational institution level is substantiated; determined the effective use of didactic principles; new approaches to the development of content, forms and methods of professional training of specialists in the new formation; the content of professional training of future specialists is investigated, covering the set of knowledge, skills and abilities, possession of which enables to work for the chosen type of profession; The set of principles, functions and factors that influence the content of the training is outlined in the curricula and programs of higher education institutions. An analysis of the structure of training of future specialists in higher education institutions is presented, which predicts mastery of a complex of professional and personal components of a future specialist. The peculiarities of preparation of future specialists for the implementation of health-saving technologies in the educational programs offered by educational establishments have been clarified. Types of variety of industrial and research practices are shown, forms and methods of teaching are named.
The content of the professional training of future specialists is characterized, the prerequisites for creating the concept of forming the future specialists' willingness to carry out innovative activity are outlined; conditions of effective use of health-saving technologies are formulated, essential characteristics and stages of preparation of future specialists in educational establishments are explained; The basic provisions are substantiated, the observance of which ensures the training of new formation specialists for the implementation of health-saving technologies. It is noted that the capacity for self-organization is the basis of successful professional activity of the future specialist and the educational disciplines of the programs of preparation of domestic higher education institutions are observed, the study of which contributes to the formation of the competence of selforganization. The essence of the problem under consideration and the technology of its solution are revealed.
"HISTÓRIAS CRUZADAS": O ENCONTRO DE ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA E MONTEIRO LOBATO (1927-1948)
Authors: Cabrera de Souza Márcia Cristina Soares , De Carvalho Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2021

Este artigo objetiva retratar a sociabilidade estabelecida entre Anísio Teixeira e Monteiro Lobato, que se traduziu em sólida amizade e cumplicidade intelectual e perdurou de 1927 a 1948. Busca-se igualmente demonstrar a importância de Lobato na formação intelectual e na rede de sociabilidades de Anísio, o que contribuiu para a sua longa permanência no cenário do ensino público nacional. As fontes utilizadas são basicamente as biografias de Anísio e Lobato, parte da literatura epistolar de ambos, obras referentes ao estudo sobre intelectuais e sociabilidades e, por fim, autores da historiografia nacional que estudam o período em tela.