bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security, Privacy, and Ownership Issues With the Use of Wearable Health Technologies
Authors: Kerr Don , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Sahama Tony
Published: March 2018

When considering the use of mobile or wearable health technologies to collect health data, a majority of users state security and privacy of their data is a primary concern. With users being connected 24/7, there is a higher risk today of data theft or the misappropriate use of health data. Furthermore, data ownership is often a misunderstood topic in wearable technology, with many users unaware who owns the data collected by a device, what that data can be used for and who can receive that data. Many countries are reviewing privacy governance in an attempt to clarify data privacy and ownership. But is it too late? This chapter explores the concepts of security and privacy of data from mobile and wearable technology, with specific examples, and the implications for the future.
A Lightweight Authentication and Encryption Protocol for Secure Communications Between Resource-Limited Devices Without Hardware Modification
Authors: Ksiazak Piotr , Farrelly William , Curran Kevin
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors examine the theoretical context for the security of wireless communication between ubiquitous computing devices and present an implementation that addresses this need. The number of resource-limited wireless devices utilized in many areas of the IT industry is growing rapidly. Some of the applications of these devices pose real security threats that can be addressed using authentication and cryptography. Many of the available authentication and encryption software solutions are predicated on the availability of ample processing power and memory. These demands cannot be met by most ubiquitous computing devices; thus, there is a need to apply lightweight cryptography primitives and lightweight authentication protocols that meet these demands in any application of security to devices with limited resources. The analysis of the lightweight solutions is divided into lightweight authentication protocols and lightweight encryption algorithms. The authors present a prototype running on the nRF9E5 microcontroller that provides necessary authentication and encryption on resource-limited devices.
Classification of Web-Service-Based Attacks and Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Shahriar Hossain , Clincy Victor , Bond William
Published: March 2018

Web services are being widely used for business integration. Understanding what these web services are and how they work is important. Attacks on these web services are a major concern and can expose an organizations' valuable resources. This chapter performs a survey describing web service attacks. The authors provide a taxonomy of web service vulnerabilities and explain how they can be exploited. This chapter discusses some of the approaches that make up best practices and some that are in the development phase. They also discuss some common approaches to address the vulnerabilities. This chapter discusses some of the approaches to be using in planning and securing web services. Securing web services is a very important part of a cybersecurity plan.
Conceptions of women on cervical cancer screening
Authors: Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Sousa Gabriele Marques de , Monteiro Renata Borges , Muller Janayna Batista Barbosa de Sousa , Sampaio João Paulo Da Silva
Published: March 2018

Despite the high prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer, this disease can be avoided and has great healing potential when detected at early stages. Cervical cancer screening is used in monitoring programs for early diagnosis and is considered safe and effective. This study aimed to analyze the conceptions of women on cervical cancer screening. A qualitative study was carried out with 30 women assisted in primary care, in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The Discourse of the Collective Subject was obtained from interviews carried out from August to October 2016. The speeches expressed the notions that women have about the significance of the screening test, the importance of undergoing the test, and prevention of cervical cancer. The conceptions of the interviewed women revealed that the test prevents diseases, including cervical cancer. However, the discourses left clear the lack of knowledge on HPV, its forms of prevention and cervical cancer. The analysis revealed that women have superficial or insufficient knowledge about the significance of the screening test and cervical cancer.
Fantasmagoria poética: da sensibilidade gótica à moderna poesia autoconsciente
Authors: Santos Fabiano Rodrigo da Silva
Published: March 2018

Estas considerações objetivam demonstrar os vínculos entre os recursos da poética do gótico, propiciadores dos efeitos de mistério, e o procedimento da sugestão, próprio do discurso autoconsciente da poesia moderna. As investigações tomam por objeto os poemas Le chambre gothique, da série Gaspard de la nuit, de Aloysius Bertrand (1895) e ‘Os Olhos’, da coletânea Pedra do Sono, de João Cabral de Melo Neto (1975). Busca-se evidenciar como a poesia gótica dá margem a uma forma de expressão elíptica que pode servir a imperativos da poesia moderna, tais como a busca pela autonomia da imagem poética e a tentativa de plasmar a consciência dos limites expressivos da poesia. Entre o gótico e a poesia moderna, observa-se a composição de um discurso oblíquo, em que os referenciais se mantêm ocultos, obrigando a fruição das imagens do poema como entidades autônomas. A categoria aqui definida como fantasmagoria poética emerge quando tais imagens articulam com a expressão sugestiva um sistema de representação que favorece o sobrenatural, o macabro e o sinistro. A partir da fantasmagoria poética, por fim, pretende-se explorar a permanência, na modernidade, de reminiscências das expressões mais extremadas do romantismo, enfeixadas pelo gênero gótico.
Radiografía de las consultoras de comunicación en España: perfil profesional, estructura y actividad
Authors: Miquel Segarra Susana , López Font Lorena , Gil Soldevila Samuel
Published: March 2018

El sector de la comunicación corporativa y las relaciones públicas es una rama de actividad que se encuentra en un momento de crecimiento empresarial. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características y servicios de las principales agencias y consultoras de comunicación que operan en España, así como conocer el perfil de sus profesionales. Metodología. Para afrontar los objetivos se ha realizado una revisión de las webs de estas empresas y una encuesta a sus profesionales. Resultados. Los datos muestran que es un sector en crecimiento con alta especialización en el que las mujeres están muy presentes en el staff de sus empresas. Aunque los consultores cuentan con una elevada cualificación, no hay un perfil homogéneo que les caracterice. Conclusiones. El sector está en continua evolución y requiere de profesionales con alta formación que desarrollen servicios especializados y específicos, sobre todo en el ámbito digital.
Transgresión y crítica del sistema: la viñeta periodística
Authors: Mancinas Chávez Rosalba , Reig Ramón
Published: March 2018

Tras una base metodológica descrita ya a través de una viñeta, se muestra un breve planteamiento teórico de la cuestión en el que se divide al mensaje periodístico en coyuntural y estructural. Seguidamente, se ofrecen análisis cualitativos genéricos de contenido de diversas viñetas periodísticas que, a nuestro juicio, pueden ilustrar la citada división mensajística, centrándonos sobre todo en las viñetas articuladas con el mensaje estructural a las que hemos dividido en varias categorías como, por ejemplo: el sistema único de mercado, el desprecio por los derechos humanos, la ablación de la conciencia, la doble moral, el pensamiento sin pensamiento, funcionalidad del mensaje, desarticulación social, nueva economía y soledad, la ilusión de libertad, consecuencias de las críticas a las creencias (Charlie Hebdo), etc. Todo ello para terminar con una breve conclusión.
How do we know what we know? Epistemic tensions in social and cultural research on gambling 1980-2000
Authors: McGowan Virginia M.
Published: March 2018

This project seeks to answer the question, how do we know what we know about gambling? With reference to a systematic review of the gambling research literature that addresses social and cultural topics and issues, this paper explores the epistemic cultures that created and gave authority to knowledge about gambling presented in scholarly research published between 1980 and 2000. From small beginnings in the 1980s, scholarly research in this area exploded during the 1990s and was dominated by surveys describing the distribution of problem and pathological forms. The trend in gambling research is towards an increasingly narrow range of topics, focused on pathology, and curiously disengaged from advances in contemporary social theory. The paper concludes with a plea for nuanced, politically engaged, and culturally informed gambling research grounded in the social, cultural, historical, and everyday contexts in which gambling is embedded.
Loneliness and life dissatisfaction in gamblers
Authors: Porter James , Ungar Julia , Frisch G. Ron , Chopra Reena
Published: March 2018

This exploratory study examines the manifestation of two experiential variables in undergraduate university students who gamble. The study had 829 participants (270 males and 559 females). They completed self-report questionnaires on gambling-related problems (the South Oaks Gambling Screen), loneliness (the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults), and overall life satisfaction (the Satisfaction with Life Scale). Based on their scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen, participants were divided into two groups: recreational gamblers and at-risk gamblers. Male participants were much more likely to be at-risk gamblers than female participants. Compared to female recreational gamblers, female at-risk gamblers were found to be less satisfied with their lives and lonelier, especially in the romantic and social realms. Male recreational and at-risk gamblers did not differ significantly on these factors. Results support the views that the internal experience of female at-risk gamblers differs from that of their male counterparts, and that loneliness is best considered as a multidimensional construct.
Rolling the dice on casinos in Florida: Will residents view legalized casino gaming as a cure for a financial crisis?
Authors: Ricci Peter , Tesone Dana V. , Chen Po-Ju
Published: March 2018

This article considers the viability of casino gaming as one potential solution for Florida's current lackluster financial condition, due to declines in tourism revenues and increased education costs. The article suggests that similar conditions have motivated voters to set aside personal disdain for legalized forms of gambling in the interest of financial gains. It concludes with the next logical step of condoning casino gaming as a means to solve current budgetary woes and considers potential research to predict such an event.
Minimising the impact of gambling in the subtle degradation of democratic systems 1
Authors: Adams Peter James
Published: March 2018

Gambling can harm a society's social and economic systems and negatively affect its political ecology. If not protected, democratic processes and institutions in jurisdictions with high levels of gambling are likely to undergo a progressive, cumulative degradation of function. These subtle, diffuse distortions result when a broad variety of individuals, working in isolation and reacting to pressures from gambling providers, incrementally compromise their roles and responsibilities. This article examines how these degradations can occur for people working in universities, government departments, media outlets, politics, and community organisations. It argues that any strategy to minimise harm from gambling should include explicit measures to protect the public from such distortions to democratic processes. The single most effective way to do this is to independently monitor people with public duties who have relationships to the beneficiaries of gambling consumption. The article concludes by proposing an international charter that sets benchmark standards for protecting a society from such degradations.
How do slot machines and other electronic gambling machines actually work?
Authors: Turner Nigel , Horbay Roger
Published: March 2018

Slot machines and other electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are gambling devices that offer a variety of games. They are inexpensive to run, which makes it possible for casinos to offer low-stakes betting to a large number of customers. As a result, they have become the most profitable form of gambling. EGMs are found at casinos, on cruise boats, at racetracks, at local bars, and even at corner stores. Slot machines and other EGMs seem to attract a lot of myths. This is partly because of a lack of accurate information on how the machines work and partly due to the design of the machines. In this paper, we will discuss how slot machines really work. Our goal is to demystify the machines in order to demystify the games. We will also discuss some of the myths about slot machines. This paper is intended to serve as a resource for counsellors and prevention workers in the field of problem gambling. It is also intended for people in the general public who wish to understand slot machines.
Why don't adolescents turn up for gambling treatment (revisited)?
Authors: Chevalier Serge , Griffiths Mark
Published: March 2018

In a previous issue of the Electronic Journal of Gambling Issues, Griffiths (2001) raised 10 speculative reasons as to why so few adolescents enrol for treatment programs when compared with adults. This paper explores the issue a little further with another 11 possible reasons. These are (i) adolescents don't seek treatment in general; (ii) adolescents may seek other forms of treatment, but gambling problems are less likely to be seen as requiring intervention; (iii) treating other underlying problems may help adolescent gambling problems; (iv) a dolescent gambling 'bail-outs' can mask gambling problems; (v) a ttending treatment programs may be stigmatising for adolescents; (vi) adolescents may commit suicide before getting treatment; (vii) a dolescent gamblers may be lying or distorting the truth when they fill out survey questionnaires; (viii) a dolescents may not understand what they are asked in questionnaires; (ix) screening instruments for adolescent problem gambling are being used incorrectly; (x) adolescent gambling may be socially constructed to be nonproblematic; and (xi) adolescent excesses may change too quickly to warrant treatment.
A public health approach for Asian people with problem gambling in foreign countries
Authors: Tse Samson , Wong John , Kim Hyeeun
Published: March 2018

There has been a rapid increase in Asian immigration to English-speaking countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Anecdotal accounts and research suggest high levels of participation in gambling by people from Asian countries. Asian problem gambling is seen as being a social rather than an individual problem compounded by difficulties with post-migration adjustment. Contemporary public health perspectives are not limited to the biological and behavioural dimensions, but can also address socioeconomic determinants such as income, employment, poverty, and access to social and healthcare services related to gambling and health. This paper discusses how a public health viewpoint can lead to effective strategies against problem gambling. The five principles proposed in this paper are: (1) acknowledging similarities and differences within Asian populations, (2) ensuring that strategies are evidence-based, (3) treating Asian problem gambling in an acculturation framework, (4) addressing the issue of shame associated with problem gambling among Asian people, and (5) targeting at-risk sub-groups.
Gambling issues for Tongan people in Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
Authors: Tu'itahi Sione , Guttenbeil-Po'uhila Yvette , Hand Jennifer , Htay Tin
Published: March 2018

This paper focuses on a research project on gambling issues within the Tongan community in Auckland, New Zealand that was conducted by the Auckland Regional Public Health Service (ARPHS). It outlines the background and rationale for the research, progress as of the time of writing, preliminary findings, and future plans.
Pokie gambling and Māori women: Friend or foe?
Authors: Morrison Laurie
Published: March 2018

Gambling behaviours and health promotion strategies to address problem gambling are becoming increasingly important in Aotearoa-New Zealand, as in other parts of the world. Successful health promotion strategies are underpinned by contextual knowledge around the issue in question. This paper discusses some of the contextual factors that health promoters will need to consider when addressing strategies aimed at Māori women affected by problem gambling. The paper is a work in progress contributing to a doctoral thesis to explore Māori women's perceptions of new forms of gambling and the health implications on whanau (extended family) in Rotorua and Auckland.
What Characterizes Excessive Online Stock Trading? A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Dixon Melanie Rose , Giroux Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Grégoire Philippe
Published: March 2018

Excessive online stock trading appears to share similarities with gambling disorder. However, using gambling disorder criteria to assess excessive trading may not allow a full understanding of this phenomenon as specific aspects of the trading context that differ from gambling may be overlooked. This study explores the manifestations and consequences of excessive trading and its links with gambling disorder via the perceptions of online stock traders themselves. Data for thematic analysis were collected from a sample of online stock traders (N = 13) divided into two focus groups based on trading frequency (i.e., on a regular or occasional basis). Perceived manifestations of excessive trading included excessive preoccupation and frequent behaviors, and consequences that affect finances, relationships, work and health. Perceived links between gambling disorder and excessive trading concerned a shared incapacity to control behaviors, and chasing losses. Though excessive trading and gambling disorder are similar on many grounds, the assessment of trading behaviors should consider specific aspects such as the context within which they occur (e.g., state of the market). Implications for future research on excessive trading behaviors are discussed. RésuméLes transactions d’actions excessives peuvent présenter des similitudes avec le jeu pathologique. Cependant, appliquer des critères propres au jeu pathologique à des pratiques de transactions excessives en ligne ne permet pas nécessairement de bien comprendre ce phénomène, car il pourrait arriver qu’on néglige certains aspects particuliers du contexte transactionnel qui diffèrent du contexte du jeu. Cette étude explore les manifestations et les conséquences de pratiques transactionnelles excessives et ses liens avec le jeu pathologique, en se penchant sur les perceptions personnelles des négociateurs. Les données ont été recueillies pour une analyse thématique à partir d’un échantillon de négociateurs en ligne (N = 13), divisé en deux groupes de discussion en fonction de la fréquence des transactions (soit sur une base régulière ou occasionnelle). Parmi les manifestations perçues à propos de transactions excessives, on a pu voir des préoccupations excessives et de fréquents comportements et leurs conséquences sur les finances, les relations, le travail et la santé. Les liens communs perçus entre les troubles du jeu et la négociation excessive étaient l’incapacité à contrôler ses comportements et la récupération des pertes. Bien que la négociation excessive et les problèmes du jeu soient semblables sous divers aspects, l’évaluation de comportements de négociateurs devrait prendre en compte des aspects particuliers tels que le contexte dans lequel ces comportements se manifestent (par exemple, l’état du marché). Dans l’étude, on aborde aussi la portée de futures recherches sur les comportements de négociation excessive.
Crossover Effects of Protective Behavioural Strategies for Drinking on Gambling Consequences Among College Gamblers With Alcohol or Drug Abuse
Authors: Granato Hollie , Luk Jeremy W , Paves Andrew , Geisner Irene M , Cronce Jessica M , Kilmer Jason R , Lostutter Ty W , Larimer Mary E
Published: March 2018

Protective behavioural strategies (PBS) for drinking are behaviours that individuals engage in to reduce the amount they drink and drinking-related consequences. To date, little is known about associations that PBS might have with other risky behaviours that frequently coincide with drinking, such as gambling. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between three subscales of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS) and gambling consequences in a college sample of gamblers who also met criteria for alcohol or drug abuse. We hypothesized that engaging in more drinking PBS would be associated with lower levels of gambling consequences. A sample of 316 students (55% female) completed an online survey and met criteria for problematic gambling behaviour (3 or more on the South Oaks Gambling Screen and 1 or more consequences on the Gambling Problem Index). Those endorsing a higher score on the Serious Harm Reduction subscale (but not the Stopping or Limiting Drinking or Manner of Drinking subscales) showed a lower level of lifetime gambling consequences, suggesting a crossover effect. Strategies to reduce serious harm represent a treatment target that could potentially reduce negative consequences associated with both drinking and gambling.Résumé Les personnes aux prises avec des problèmes d’abus d’alcool adoptent des stratégies comportementales de protection pour réduire leur consommation et ses conséquences. À ce jour, on sait peu de choses sur les possibles associations entre ces comportements et d’autres comportements à risque qui coïncident souvent avec l’abus d’alcool, comme le jeu. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les associations entre trois sous-échelles de stratégies comportementales et les conséquences du jeu à l’aide d’un échantillon de joueurs universitaires qui répondaient également aux critères de consommation abusive d’alcool/de drogue. On a émis l’hypothèse que le fait d’adopter des stratégies comportementales à l’égard de la consommation d’alcool diminuerait l’importance des conséquences relatives au jeu. Un échantillon de 316 étudiants sondés en ligne (55 % de femmes) a répondu aux critères de comportement de jeu problématique (3 critères ou plus sur le South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGC] et une ou plusieurs conséquences sur l’Indice de jeu excessif [PGSI]). Les personnes qui entrent dans des sous-échelles de réduction importante des méfaits (mais pas les sous-échelles d’arrêt ou de limitation de consommation ou de mode de consommation) ont montré, au fil du temps, une diminution des effets du jeu, ce qui laisse croire à un certain effet de croisement. On aborde dans cet article la portée de cette analyse sur la prévention et l’intervention.
Spatiotemporal variability of NO2 and PM2.5 over Eastern China: observational and
model analyses with a novel statistical method
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Wang Yuchen , Sun Yang , Zheng Bo , Shao Jingyuan , Chen Lulu , Zheng Yixuan , Chen Jinxuan , Fu May , Yan Yingying , Zhang Qiang , Wu Zhaohua
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Eastern China (27° N–41° N, 110° E–123° E) is heavily polluted by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and other air pollutants. These pollutants vary in a variety of temporal and spatial scales, with many temporal scales non-periodic and non-stationary, challenging proper quantitative characterization and visualization. This study uses a newly compiled EOF-EEMD analysis-visualization package to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of ground-level NO2, PM2.5, and their associations with meteorological processes over Eastern China in Fall–Winter 2013. Applying the package to observed hourly pollutant data reveals a primary spatial pattern representing Eastern China-wide synchronous variation in time, which is dominated by diurnal variability with a much weaker day-to-day signal. A secondary spatial mode, representing north-south opposing changes in time with no constant period, is characterized by wind-related dilution or buildup of pollutants from one day to another. We further evaluate simulations of GEOS-Chem and WRF/CMAQ in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of pollutants. GEOS-Chem underestimates NO2 by about 17 μg/m3 and PM2.5 by 35 μg/m3 on average. It reproduces the diurnal variability for both pollutants. For the day-to-day variation, GEOS-Chem reproduces the observed north-south contrasting mode for both pollutants but not the Eastern China-synchronous mode (especially for NO2). The model errors are due to a first model layer too thick (about 130 m) to capture the near-surface vertical gradient, deficiencies in the nighttime nitrogen chemistry in the first layer, and missing secondary organic aerosols and anthropogenic dusts. CMAQ overestimates the diurnal cycle of pollutants due to too weak boundary layer mixing – especially in the nighttime, CMAQ overestimates NO2 by about 30 μg/m3 and PM2.5 by 60 μg/m3. For the day-to-day variability, CMAQ reproduces the observed Eastern-China synchronous mode but not the north-south opposing mode of NO2. Both models capture the day-to-day variability of PM2.5 better than that of NO2. These results shed light on model improvement. The EOF-EEMD package is freely accessible.
Improved aerosol correction for OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval
over East Asia: constraint from CALIOP aerosol vertical profile
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Boersma K. Folkert , Pinardi Gaia , Wang Yang , Chimot Julien , Wagner Thomas , Xie Pinhua , Eskes Henk , Van Roozendael Michel , Hendrick François , Wang Pucai , Yan Yingying
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Satellite retrieval of vertical column densities (VCDs) of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is critical for NOx pollution and impact evaluation. For regions with high aerosol loadings, the retrieval accuracy is greatly affected by whether aerosol optical effects are treated implicitly (as additional effective clouds) or explicitly, among other factors. Our previous POMINO algorithm explicitly accounts for aerosol effects to improve the retrieval especially in polluted situations over China, by using aerosol information from GEOS-Chem simulations with further monthly constraint by MODIS/Aqua AOD data. This study updates the retrieval algorithm to POMINO v1.1, by constructing a monthly climatological dataset of aerosol extinction profiles, based on Level-2 CALIOP/CALIPSO data over 2007–2015, to better constrain the modeled aerosol profiles. We find that GEOS-Chem captures the month-to-month variation of CALIOP aerosol layer height but with a systematic underestimate by about 300–600 m (season and location dependent), due to a too strong vertical gradient of extinction above 1 km. Correcting the model aerosol extinction profiles results in small changes in retrieved cloud fraction, increases in cloud top pressure (within 2–6 % in most cases), and increases in tropospheric NO2 VCD by 4–16 % over China on a monthly basis in 2012. The improved NO2 VCDs (in POMINO v1.1) are more consistent with independent ground-based MAX-DOAS observations (R2 = 0.80, NMB = −3.4 %) than POMINO (R2 = 0.80, NMB = −9.6 %) and DOMINO v2 (R2 = 0.68, NMB = −2.1 %) are. Especially on haze days, R2 reaches 0.76 for POMINO v1.1, much higher than that for POMINO (0.68) and DOMINO v2 (0.38). Furthermore, the increase in cloud pressure likely reveals a more realistic vertical relationship between cloud and aerosol layers, with aerosols situated above the clouds in certain months instead of always below the clouds. Our POMINO v1.1 algorithm will be applied to the recently launched TropOMI sensor.
Constraints on Alpine Fault (New Zealand) Mylonitization
Temperatures and Geothermal Gradient from Ti-in-quartz Thermobarometry
Authors: Kidder Steven , Toy Virginia , Prior Dave , Little Tim , MacRae Colin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We constrain the thermal state of the central Alpine Fault using approximately 750 Ti-in-quartz SIMS analyses from a suite of variably deformed mylonites. Ti-in-quartz concentrations span more than an order of magnitude from 0.24 to ~5 ppm, suggesting recrystallization of quartz over a 300° range in temperature. Most Ti-in-quartz concentrations in mylonites, protomylonites, and the Alpine Schist protolith are between 2 and 4 ppm and do not vary as a function of grain size or bulk rock composition. Analyses of 30 large, inferred-remnant quartz grains (>250 µm), as well as late, cross-cutting, chlorite-bearing quartz veins also reveal restricted Ti concentrations of 2–4 ppm. These results indicate that the vast majority of Alpine Fault mylonitization occurred within a restricted zone of pressure-temperature conditions where 2–4 ppm Ti-in-quartz concentrations are stable. This constrains the deep geothermal gradient from the moho to about 8 km to a slope of 5 °/km. In contrast, the small grains (10–40 µm) in ultramylonites have lower Ti concentrations of 1–2 ppm, indicating a deviation from the deeper pressure-temperature trajectory during the latest phase of ductile deformation. These constraints suggest an abrupt, order of magnitude change in the geothermal gradient to an average of about 60 °/km at depths shallower than about 8 km, i.e. within the seismogenic zone. Anomalously, the lowest-Ti quartz (0.24–0.7 ppm) occurs away from the fault in protomylonites, suggesting that the outer fault zone experienced minor plastic deformation late in the exhumation history when more fault-proximal parts of the fault were deforming exclusively by brittle processes.
Does the Concept of Enlightened Shareholder Value Succeed in Bridging the Gap between the Shareholders and Stakeholders Value Theories?
Authors: Mudawi Osama Mustafa , Timan Elfadil
Published: March 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the main theories as to the corporate governance subject, and focus first on Shareholders and Stakeholders Value theories in order to identify their shortcomings. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of Enlightened Shareholder Value; including future perspectives on Enlightened Shareholder Value in light of the UK company Act 2006.Methodology /approach: This article describes and compares the main theories with regard to the corporate governance subject. The following materials were referenced as part of this article: books, journal articles, cases, reports, legislations.Findings: Based on the outcomes of the article there are advantages and disadvantages to Shareholders and Stakeholders Value theories. The former is considered a very narrow vision because its main aim is to gain profits for shareholders, it ignores stakeholders, there is a possible risk since managers and directors may abuse their delegations, and it costs more to monitor directors. Similarly, this article has been found that there are shortcomings to the Stakeholders Value theory; for example, there is no clear hierarchy of stakeholders’ interests, there is no one goal to achieve; it seems to demand less accountability from directors. Moreover, this article highlighted that the Enlightened Shareholder theory seems a better theory at present. Apparently, the success of this theory will depend on many factors: first, how the directors will apply the discretionary power with regard to section 172 (1) of CA 2006. Secondly, the interpretation of the courts about the duty of directors. Thirdly, the role of scholars improving this theory. Fourthly, how civil society will observe the application of this theory. Finally, recommended that further study should be done according to the recent practice.Originality/value: This article contributes to increase the understanding of the theories of corporate governance and discover the best one for the time being.
Preparation for Adulthood: A Teacher Inquiry Study for Facilitating Life Skills in Secondary Education in the United States
Authors: Cassidy Kelly , Franco Yvonne , Meo Emilia
Published: March 2018

Life skills preparation for adulthood is a crucial, yet often overlooked concept in education. In schools across the United States, young adults graduate from high school with limited knowledge regarding how to navigate through the expectations of the real world. Although many educators feel teaching life skills in the classroom is necessary, the frustration of needing to adhere to state standards and lack of time often interferes with their implementation. This is unfortunate, as research indicates, “life skills education bridges the gap between basic functioning and capabilities. It strengthens the ability of an individual to meet the needs and demands of the present society, and helps in dealing with issues in a practical manner” (Prajapati, B. Sharma, & D. Sharma, 2017, p. 1). This action research study investigates ways two teachers implemented realistic life skill lessons, while adhering to district standards. Strategies investigated include: interest surveys, goal setting and social skills instruction.
The Role of Newspaper and State Government in Conservation of World Heritage Site in Malaysia
Authors: Jani Mohd Hiriy Ghazali@Mohd , Sumrahadi Abdullah , Mohamad Bahtiar
Published: March 2018

Currently, there are two historical sites has been recognized as World Heritage Site by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Malaysia, which are Melaka (Malacca) and George Town, Penang. Since its recognition, those cities becomes so famous and positioned as one of the world tourism attraction that need to visit. In line with this prestige, conservation matter definitely appears to be a major concern especially to both cities in order to maintain the status given. The paper aims to discover the local daily newspaper of The Star in terms of its portrayal of image on the historic or heritage buildings within the areas of World Heritage Site. Content analysis and previous literature were used as the research method. The findings show that indeed the images of photo could influence the public reader and create awareness of the issues raised. Behind the image thus, this paper would also examine at the role of the state in an effort to conserve the historic buildings of these two cities. Studies on image or visual are still rare in the country and therefore, this paper intend to fill this gap by associating it with the cultural heritage conservation in Malaysia.
Análisis sobre asimetrías jurídicas entre las normas relativas a los derechos de consumidores, las que regulan el sector energético y las facultades del ente regulador en Nicaragua
Authors: Bermúdez Quiroz Karol Marina
Published: March 2018

Actualmente, en materia de consumo Nicaragua posee la Ley No. 842, Ley de Protección de los Derechos de las Personas Consumidoras y Usuarias, publicada en La Gaceta, Diario Oficial, No. 129, del 11 de julio de 2013 y su reglamento, creados con el objetivo de otorgar seguridad y efectividad en la protección de los derechos de los consumidores. Esta ley reconoce al Instituto Nicaragüense de Energía (INE), facultades exclusivas para regular el sector y las relaciones de consumo que surgen entre sus diferentes agentes, a través de diversas leyes especiales. Ante este panorama resulta oportuno examinar la coherencia y armonía que existe entre ambos cuerpos normativos. En la presente investigación se realiza una introducción a generalidades del sector eléctrico, concernientes a la creación y manejo del mismo. Además, se analizan tópicos tales como: las barreras de acceso al servicio eléctrico, los procedimientos administrativos, la protección de los datos y la privacidad de los consumidores, asuntos que ante la posible inobservancia pueden generar vulneración de los derechos de los consumidores. El objetivo final del presente trabajo es realizar un aporte en beneficio de la sociedad consumidora del servicio público de energía eléctrica, a través de la formulación de soluciones claras que garanticen la armonía de estos dos cuerpos legales.
Diez años de los acuerdos de paz
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 3-6
11 de septiembre, "Economía del terror" y Cumbre de Qatar
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: March 2018

No English astract.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 7-24
Para el debate: la guerra fría recién terminó ahora
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 25-29
Memoria colectiva y relaciones de género: ¿Prácticas de dominación o resistencia?
Authors: Piper Shafir Isabel
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 31-43
Habitar la ciudad líquida
Authors: Marroquín Parducci Amparo
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 45-51
Aproximación a la filosofía de Hegel
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 53-93
"Sólo lo difícil es estimulante" José Lezama Lima y la revista Verbum
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 95-108
La mirada oblicua de mis dioses
Authors: Baiza Vladimir
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 109-111
Mariñez Navarro, F. (coordinador), Ciencia política: nuevos contextos, nuevos desafios; Roemer, A., Economía del crimen
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: March 2018

No English abstractRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 113-115
Arthur Power: conversations with James Joyce
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: March 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 85, 2002: 117-120
Empirical Estimates for how Changes in China’s Foreign Reserves Are Hurting Chinese Exports and Helping US Exports
Authors: Leightner Jonathan E.
Published: March 2018

This paper estimates the change in China's exports and the change in US exports due to a one dollar increase in China's foreign reserves. The statistical technique used produces reduced form estimates that capture the influence of omitted variables without having to construct and estimate complex structural models. I find that in August 2000 China's accumulation of 621 million dollars of foreign reserves is correlated with China's exports increasing by 151 million and the US's exports falling by 628 million dollars. In contrast, in November 2016, China spending 69 billion dollars of its foreign reserves supporting the value of the yuan is correlated with China's exports falling by 4.77 billion and the US's exports rising by 2.42 billion. Donald Trump's accusation that China is suppressing the yuan exchange rate to help Chinese exports at the expense of US exports did not fit the facts between August 11, 2015 and December 31, 2016.
Financial Constraints and Financial Crises: The Case of Portuguese Listed Companies
Authors: Pereira Luísa , Silva Armando , Silva Sónia Nogueira
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the degree of financial constraints faced by the companies included on the Portuguese Stock General Index when accessing to external financing, especially after the beginning and during the most recent financial crisis that affected the world financial markets from 2007. According to this aim, a longitudinal database is collected from the SABI database and was analyzed under panel data methodology. The final sample is panel data of 430 firm-year observations, related to 43 companies, during the period 2006-2015.In line with previous literature, our results provide evidence that the payout ratio is an efficient measure of the degree of financial constraints; companies that pay out less (or no) dividends display higher sensitivity of the investment to the cash flow. Moreover, we also found that the investment sensitivity to cash flow intensifies immediately after and during the most recent financial crisis.
The Correlation of Francisella tularensis on Size and Supercooling of Dermacentor variabilis
Authors: El Nabbout Amal , Taylor Brittany J. , Kho James , Mitton Mandy , Rossolimo Tatiana
Published: March 2018

Overwintering tick survival is essential for the continuation of a tick’s lifecycle. Recent studies have found that infections with particular microorganisms can alter the physiology of ticks and, in some cases, increase their cold hardiness. To date, the influence of Francisella tularensis on Dermacentor variabilis (Say) has not been studied and thus the symbiosis between the two has been unknown. This study determined the infection rate of F. tularensis as well as examined the relationship between F. tularensis and the supercooling point (SCP) and size of D. variabilis of ticks from Nova Scotia, Canada. Local veterinarians provided adult ticks. The SCP of each tick was recorded using Logger Pro and infection status was found using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Of the 203 ticks tested, 9.8% were infected with F. tularensis. When the sexes were considered separately, 4% of males, 11.7% engorged females and 17.3% of non-engorged females were infected. Upon further analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between infected ticks and changes in thier SCPs, but there was no statistically significant difference between infected ticks and changes in size. This suggests that F. tularensis benefits D. variabilis by decreasing their SCPs, and thereby enhancing their overwintering capabilities. While other physiological influences of F. tularensis on D. variabilis remain unknown, the results from this study support previous research that bacterium species such as F. tularensis is able to influence the survivability of its tick host in the form of altering their freezing tolerance but does not affect the physical size of D. variabilis.
Study on the Extraction and Antitumor Activity of Achyranthes Bidentata Polysaccharide
Authors: Yang Linsong , Shen Yuhuan , Wang Fang
Published: March 2018

Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), a major active ingredient of Achyranthes bidentata, has many kinds of well-known pharmacological activity, such as anti-coagulation, indirect anti-tumor, anti-aging and hypoglycemic effect, and also have certain effects on the immune system. However, the direct anti-tumor activity of ABPS remain unclear. In this paper, ABPS was efficiently isolated from Achyranthes bidentata adopted orthogonal experimental method, and then its anti-tumor effect on LTEP-a-2 cells was investigated. LTEP-a-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of ABPS (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg/mL) for 48h. Subsequently, cell viability was analyzed by MTT method and the effects of ABPS on the apoptosis of LTEP-a-2 cells was explored by DNA ladder, PI and Annexin V FITC/PI double staining. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of ABPS was that the extraction temperature at 90oC, 1:40(W/V) of solid to liquid, and extraction time 4 h. In addition, the yield and purity of ABP was measured up to 15.52% and 97.21% respectively. Furthermore, ABPS significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of LTEP-a-2 cells. So ABPS might be utilized as a new potential therapeutic agent against Lung Adenocarcinoma.
A Markov Regime-Switching Model with Time-Varying Transition Probabilities for Identifying Asset Price Bubbles
Authors: Higgins Matthew L. , Ofori-Acheampong Frank
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a Markov regime-switching model with time-varying transition probabilities is developed to identify asset price bubbles in the S&P 500 index. The model nests two different methodologies; a state-dependent regime-switching model and a Markov regime-switching model. Three bubble regimes are identified; dormant, explosive, and collapsing. Time-varying transition probabilities are specified for each of the nine possible transitions in the Markov regime-switching model. Estimation of the model is done using conditional maximum likelihood with the Hamilton filter. Results show that transition probabilities depend significantly on trading volume and relative size of the bubble. Overall, the model works well in detecting multiple bubbles in the S&P 500 between January 1888 and May 2010. Explosive bubbles tend to immediately precede recession periods, while collapsing bubbles tend to coincide with recession periods.
Testing for Asymmetric Central Bank Preferences
Authors: Nyumuah Felix S.
Published: March 2018

The linear specification of the ideal monetary policy reaction function has been questioned in recent times by researchers. They have suggested a nonlinear framework where central banks exhibit asymmetric behaviours. Despite the important policy implications of having asymmetric central bank preferences, studies have been on single-country basis focusing almost entirely on advanced economies. The aim of this study is to check the existence of asymmetric preferences on the part of central banks in the context of a panel of countries and not just a single a country. The study derives and estimates a nonlinear flexible optimal monetary policy rule, which permits zone-like as well as asymmetric behaviours using panel data from a range of countries both developed and less developed. Although the findings indicate the presence of asymmetric preferences on the output gap across less developed countries, generally, the evidence is in favour of a linear policy reaction function and symmetric central bank preferences. These findings mean that monetary policy is characterised by a linear policy rule and symmetric central bank preferences. The results also indicate that interest rate ‘smoothing’ reaction by monetary authorities is more pronounced in less developed countries than in developed ones.
Dividend Policy in Tunisia: A Signalling Approach
Authors: Lotfi Taleb
Published: March 2018

The main objective of this study was to establish the stock price reaction to dividend announcements of firms quoted at the Tunisian Securities exchange (TSE). To do so, we develop a traditional event study. Two robust results emerge: First, when we observe the 196 announcements of dividends between years 1996-2004, the result is inconsistent with signaling theory, as long as, no abnormal return was observed on the announcement day (event period). Second, When the overall sample is divided into three sub-group (dividend increase, dividend-no-change and dividend), we observe a significant and abnormal return about -1.242 percent and -1.697 percent respectively on day D(t0-4) and D(t0+4) around the dividend announcement day (Dt0) only for the sub-group of firms that decreases their dividend. This result corroborates prior research in Tunisian context [Ben Naceur and al. (2006); Guizani and Kouki (2011)] that confirm, by using a different approach, the Lintner’s (1956) conclusions which states that Tunisian’ firms generally tend to avoid a dividend decrease (or cuts) and can constitute a supporting evidence of the dividend information content hypothesis in TSE.