bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Dissolution of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Crystals
Authors: Nancollas George H. , Marshall Robert W.
Published: November 2010

The dissolution of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate has been studied by following changes in the calcium, phosphate, and hydrogen ion concentrations when undersaturated solutions are inoculated with seed crystals of the salt. The rate of dissolution follows an equation of the first order with respect to concentration; this suggests a diffusion-controlled process and changes in the rate of stirring that have a considerable effect on the observed rate. Experiments have been made at 15, 25, and 37 C and the energy of activation corresponding to the dissolution process is 3.8 kcal mol-1.
Stress Distribution in Porcelain-Fused-to-Gold Crowns and Preparations Constructed with Photoelastic Plastics
Authors: Craig R.G. , El-Ebrashi M.K. , Peyton F.A.
Published: November 2010

Composite models representing porcelain-fused-to-gold restorations were constructed from photoelastic plastics. Better stress distributions resulted when the porcelain-gold joint was as far as feasible from the loading site, a bulk of gold was present on the lingual shoulder, and the porcelain-gold joint at the shoulder was 30° from the horizontal.
Occlusogram: Its Application to Cleft Palate Rehabilitation
Authors: Garner L.D.
Published: November 2010

A camera loaded and mounted on one end of a fixed table was used to photograph dental study casts on a platform at the other end of the same table. These pictures were traced and analyzed for changes in arch form and dimensions.
Comparison of the Activity of Left and Right Masseter Muscles of Normal Individuals and Patients with Mandibular Dysfunction During Experimental Stress
Authors: Yemm R.
Published: November 2010

Patients with mandibular dysfunction were subjected to experimental stress. Electromyograms of left and right masseter muscles showed that during the stress period, similar patterns of activity were induced in both muscles, despite the presence of tenderness in only one of the muscles. It is suggested that this and earlier findings support the hypothesis that stress-induced muscle activity is a contributory factor in the etiology of mandibular dysfunction.
Adhesion of Restorative Materials to Teeth
Authors: Cadwell Donald E. , Johannessen Birger
Published: November 2010

A statistical evaluation was made of the effects of silver nitrate and citric acid tooth pretreatments on the adhesion, measured in vitro, of several direct-filling resin restorative materials for human and bovine dentin and enamel and of the significant interactions of the various factors.
Pulp Reaction to Fluoride Solution Applied to Deep Cavities: An Experimental Histological Study
Authors: Brännström Martin , Nyborg Hilding
Published: November 2010

The reaction of the pulp to the application of fluorides in deep cavities was studied in 50 pairs of teeth. The application of 8% stannous fluoride for five minutes could result in local necrosis and moderate inflammation. No such effects were obtained from either a 30 second application of 8% stannous fluoride, or a five minute application of 4% sodium fluoride.
Studies on Dental Aerobiology: IV. Bacterial Contamination of Water Delivered by Dental Units
Authors: Abel L. Cabot , Miller Robert L. , Micik Rudolph E. , Ryge Gunnar
Published: November 2010

Water sprays from a dental handpiece and air-water syringe were evaluated for bacterial content. Bacterial concentrations that far exceeded limits permissible for public water supplies were observed. A simple method for reducing bacterial contamination in water lines for dental equipment is presented.
Age Changes in Endosteal Bone Remodeling and Balance in the Rabbit
Authors: Stoker Noel G. , Epker Bruce N.
Published: November 2010

Metabolically normal rabbits, like humans, have specific surface changes in bone remodeling and balance with age. The loss of cortical bone with aging is primarily caused by an endosteal surface negative balance. Since formation rates on these surfaces remain relatively constant with aging, this negative bone balance is the result of increased osteoclastic cell activity. The specific mechanism of this increased osteoclastic activity is not known.
Morphodifferentiation and Structure of Hertwig's Root Sheath in the Cat
Authors: Grant Daniel , Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

The epithelial root sheath in the cat is a multilayered structure that consists of confluent outer and inner epithelial strata enclosing a central layer of cells, which are morphologically like those of the stratum intermedium. A continuous PAS-positive membrane separates the epithelial structure from the developing pulp. On the dental sac surface, the basement membrane is discontinuous, and even absent in some regions. This situation remains until the root and cementum are completely formed.
Inhibition of Enamel Solubility in a Highly Mineralized Water
Authors: Handelman S.L. , Losee F.L.
Published: November 2010

There was a significant reduction in synthetic hydroxyapatite and enamel dissolution for acidogenic streptococci in a medium made with a highly mineralized water from a low caries area in northwest Ohio, when compared with media made with distilled water and water that contained 1.5 ppm fluoride.
Studies on the Porosity and Surface Texture of Polymer Implant Materials
Authors: Hodosh Milton , Shklar Gerald , Povar Morris
Published: November 2010

The topography of the surface of a variety of polymer mixtures was studied. Large porosities were found in various mixtures of methacrylate polymer powder, anorganic bone, and a foaming agent, N, N' -dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine. The porosities appeared to be linked by smaller spaces and channels that ran through the polymer material. The porosity of the polymer was altered significantly by materials such as anorganic bone or foaming agents, but the composition by percentage did not alter the material structure appreciably.
Early Tissue Response to Rapid Maxillary Expansion in the Midpalatal Suture of the Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Murray John MC G. , Cleall John F.
Published: November 2010

Rhesus monkeys were used to study the bone and connective tissue response of the palatal sutures after relatively short periods of rapid maxillary expansion. The results indicate that resorption is responsible, in part, for midpalatal suture splitting and, after this, heavy deposition attempts to maintain sutural morphology.
Autoradiographic Evaluation of Gingival Response to Injury: VI. Surgical Trauma in Long-Term, Low-Protein-Fed Adult Rats
Authors: Tiber A. , Stahl S.S. , Weiner J.M.
Published: November 2010

Low-protein-fed rats received gingival trauma. Autoradiographic and histologic analysis of the jaws up to six months thereafter revealed little prolonged influence of the variables.
Effect of Tetracycline on the Phosphorescence of Teeth
Authors: Wisotzky Joel
Published: November 2010

Immersion of tooth sections in a 2% solution of tetracycline HCl for one hour caused a loss of phosphorescence of the enamel, the pulp chamber, and certain regions of cementum. After three additional hours of immersion, all of the enamel and most of the cementum had lost their phosphorescence. Root dentin and pulp stones are most resistant to tetracycline quenching of phosphorescence.
Periapical Tissue Response to the Apical Plug in Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Erausquin Jorge
Published: November 2010

Apical plugs were produced by compressing radicular pulp and dentin chips in 157 molars from rats. Root canal fillings were performed with 15 different materials. After seven days, tissue reaction with all materials was favorable. After 30 and 90 days, materials that contained corticoids showed a good periapical response, slight cementum necrosis, and narrowing of the foramen in many instances.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Dentin
Authors: Lim J.J. , Liboff A.R.
Published: November 2010

Four peaks were observed in the differential primary weight loss with temperatures up to 1,000 C. The first and second peaks correspond to the loss of water and the volatilization of protein. The third peak results from the carbonate. The fourth peak, which occurs at 700 to 800 C, probably is related to the transformation of hydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate. A zero order of reaction was assumed, and the activation energies in vacuum were determined to be 10.2 and 12.5 kcal/mol for loss of water and protein, respectively.
Effect of Pulsating Water Jet Lavage on Radioactive Contaminated Wounds
Authors: Grower Marvin F. , Bhaskar Surindar N.
Published: November 2010

A radioisotope of zinc was introduced into facial wounds of rats to stimulate natural contamination. The quantitative effects of a bulb syringe, single pulsed water jet, and a multiple pulsed water jet on decontamination of the wounds were determined by counting the radioactivity that remained in the wounds after treatment. The water jet devices were shown statistically to reduce contamination more than the bulb syringe.
Mercury Vapor Emission from Dental Amalgam
Authors: Kai Chiu Chan  , Svare Carl W.
Published: November 2010

The patterns of mercury vapor emission from carved, burnished, and polished surfaces made from four commonly used dental amalgam alloys were determined with the use of a selenium sulfide detection method. Mercury vapor was emitted more intensely from the marginal region; carved and burnished surfaces emitted the same amount. There was a difference in the amounts emitted from the different alloys tested.
Comparison of Jet Injection and Needle-Syringe Injection Techniques in Production of Edema
Authors: Ikehara Norman K. , Mc Kibben David H. , Pechersky Jack L. , Rapp Robert
Published: November 2010

A biopsy desiccation method was used to demonstrate the production of edema fluid after administration of a local anesthetic solution by jet and needle-syringe injection techniques. The jet injection technique produced less edema fluid than the needle-syringe injection technique.
Interference Between Gram-Positive Microorganisms in Dental Plaque
Authors: Holmberg Kenneth , Hallander Hans O.
Published: November 2010

Interference between gram-positive microorganisms indigenous to dental plaque was demonstrated in vitro on solid and liquid media. Data indicate that Streptococcus sanguis produces a broad inhibitory spectrum on other nonhemolytic streptococci, lactobacilli, corynebacteria, and actinomycetes. Certain Corynebacterium species and Lactobacillus casei inhibit the growth of Rothia dentocariosa and Actinomyces species. No inhibition by A viscosus, A naeslundii, or Rothia dentocariosa was demonstrable.
Electron Microprobe and Microhardness Studies of Enamel Remineralization
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y. , Koulourides T.
Published: November 2010

Enamel samples were demineralized and subsequently remineralized in a calcifying solution. Microhardness, which dropped after acid etching, recovered its hardness in part after remineralization. The mean calcium and phosphorus concentrations of the softened enamel increased after remineralization. The Ca/P weight ratio remained within the range of 2.05 to 2.12 in all enamel samples.
Carabelli's Trait in Hindu Children from Gujarat
Authors: Joshi M.R. , Godiawala R.N. , Dutia Aban
Published: November 2010

Occurrence of different forms of Carabelli's trait on the maxillary first permanent molar was studied in 489 Hindu children from Gujarat. The trait was absent in 35.4% of the teeth studied. Groove form was observed most commonly. Slight tubercles were found more often than pronounced tubercles, and more tubercles were found in boys than in girls; conversely, absence of this trait was observed more often in girls than boys.
Univariate Versus Multivariate Differences in Tooth Size According to Sex
Authors: Yap Potter Rosario H.
Published: November 2010

As expected, a comparison of tooth size in males and females has different results when the correlation effects among the variables are removed by multivariate analysis.
Acid Production from Glucose and Sucrose by Growing Cultures of Caries-Conducive Streptococci
Authors: Robrish Stanley A. , Krichevsky Micah I.
Published: November 2010

Acid production was determined for several strains of caries-conducive streptococci growing on glucose and sucrose. The yield of acid per mol of sucrose was the same as that from two hexose units. It was determined by macroscopic and microscopic observations of the culture that extracellular polymer was formed from sucrose during growth, but the amount of sucrose diverted to polymer formation was less than that anticipated from visual observations.
Circadian Rhythms in the Cell Division Rate of the Inner Enamel Epithelium and in the Uptake of 3H-Thymidine by the Root Tip of Rat Incisors
Authors: Gasser Raymond F. , Scheving Lawrence E. , Pauly John E.
Published: November 2010

There is a daily (circadian) fluctuation in the division rate of ameloblasts in the inner enamel epithelium of rat mandibular incisors ; a rhythm also exists in the uptake of injected 3H-thymidine by the root tip of the opposite incisor. The observed "nesting" phenomenon of mitotic figures is discussed.
Influence of Sugar Type on the Pattern of Acid Production by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Skinner A. , Naylor M.N.
Published: November 2010

Acid was produced rapidly during incubation of Streptococcus mutans with monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and was delayed by one hour in the presence of sucrose. A significant degree of potentiation occurred when both glucose and fructose were present in the incubation medium. This could be because of a substrate-controlled transport mechanism in the cell membrane.
Subcutaneous Tooth Autografts in Rats
Authors: Paik S.H. , Kennedy J.E. , Zander H.A.
Published: November 2010

Subcutaneous tissue reaction to cementum that had or had not been exposed to the oral environment was investigated in rats. The implants were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. Resorption or deposition on cementum was not observed. Where cut ends of dentin were contacting the connective tissue capsule, osteoid deposition occurred.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersion Microanalysis of Metallographically Polished Dental Amalgam Surfaces
Authors: Sutfin Lloyd V. , Ogilvie Robert E.
Published: November 2010

The microstructures of copper- and zinc-containing dental amalgams and nonzinc dental amalgams were examined. The three major phases were distinguishable without etching. The silver-mercury phase exhibited considerable substructure; some of the inclusions found had high concentrations of copper or zinc. Generally, zinc was distributed more uniformly than copper when both were present.
A Stabilizing Comonomer: I. Synthesis and Confirmation of Structure
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Argentar H.
Published: November 2010

A compound (BHM) was synthesized that can stabilize monomers by inhibiting premature polymerization but that can serve as a monomer in the polymerization after the initiator system is activated. The structural formula of BHM (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl methacrylate) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.
Calcium in Salivary Glands of the Rat After Autonomic Denervation
Authors: Bazerque Pablo M. , Perec Carlos J. , Terradas Silvia E.
Published: November 2010

Parasympathetic denervation reduced the size of the submandibular and major sublingual glands of the rat by about 30%. Calcium concentration was unchanged in the submandibular gland, but was reduced significantly in the sublingual gland. Sympathetic denervation elicited an increase in calcium concentration in the submandibular gland but not in the sublingual gland. Weight of the submandibular gland was reduced slightly, but that of the sublingual gland was not modified. After combined parasympathectomy and sympathectomy, both glands showed a significant decrease in size and calcium concentration.
Comparison of Single Topical Applications of Sodium Fluoride and Stannous Fluoride
Authors: Mercer Victor H. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

A clinical dental caries study was conducted to compare the anticariogenic properties of topically applied sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride in schoolchildren in a nonfluoridated region. The results of this study after two years indicate that all treatments resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of dental caries and that stannous fluoride was significantly more effective than sodium fluoride.
The Dentition of Papio anubis
Authors: Virgadamo Paul , Hodosh Milton , Povar Morris , Shklar Gerald
Published: November 2010

The dentition of Papio anubis was studied in 50 male and female animals; gross observation, study casts, radiographs, and histologic preparations were used. An overall general similarity to the dentition of human beings was observed in size, morphology, and occlusion. Notable differences in the baboon dentition were a more elongate arch form, prominent maxillary canine crowns, and second and third molar crowns of greater size than first molar crowns.
Transdentinal Cytotoxic Effect of Fluoride
Authors: Daugherty George I. , Taylor A. Cecil
Published: November 2010

This is a study of marmoset gingival fibroblast cells cultured adjacent to one surface of dentin disks after the other surface was treated with various fluoride solutions. Results indicate that sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate-fluoride solutions are not cytotoxic at clinically accepted concentrations and treatment exposure times.
Influence of Oxygen at Atmospheric and High Pressure on the Developing Tooth Germ in Rat Embryos
Authors: Nakamoto Tetsuo , Bean John W.
Published: November 2010

Repeated exposure of pregnant rats to oxygen at high pressure (65 psi) twice a day for seven days increased the height of the tooth germ and ameloblastic layer of the embryo, but the width and odontoblastic layer were not changed. Exposure of pregnant rats to oxygen at atmospheric pressure stimulated the body growth of the embryo in utero.
Differential Binding of 14C-Cortisone in Fetal, Placental, and Maternal Liver Tissue in A/Jax and C57BL Mice
Authors: Reminga Thomas A. , Avery James K.
Published: November 2010

When 14C-cortisone was given to pregnant A/Jax and C57BL mice, the concentration of radioactivity firmly bound to fetal tissue was significantly higher in A/Jax mice than in C57BL mice. Differences in the binding of cortisone to tissue proteins may explain the differential incidences of cleft palate in A/Jax and C57BL mice.
Survey of Microorganisms for Calcification in a Synthetic Medium
Authors: Ennever J. , Vogel J.J. , Brown L.R.
Published: November 2010

Fourteen microorganisms, oral isolates from man or marmoset, were examined for calcification in a synthetic medium. The medium was essentially identical to that in which Bacterionema matruchotii acquires intracellular apatite. Four of the microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes marshalli, Aerobacter cloacae, and Proteus mirabilis, developed intracellular calcifications.
Evaluation of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Immunoglobulins in Whole Saliva
Authors: Everhart D.L. , Grigsby W.R. , Carter W.H.
Published: November 2010

The relationship between salivary immunoglobulins and dental caries experience was studied by determining the caries experience, IgA concentration, and IgG concentration in whole, unstimulated saliva of 106 people. The findings indicate that some individuals are immunized, but it is not clear if this antibody provides protection.
Galvanic Degradation of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Mateer Richard S. , Reitz Clair D.
Published: November 2010

Amalgam restorations in contact with saliva and tissue fluid act as concentration cells. The galvanic current is associated with selective attack of the γ 2 phase and loss of mechanical properties. Tin is deposited in the underlying dentin. Cavity liners do not stop the degradation.
Enamel Dissolution: I. Effects of Various Agents and Titanium Tetrafluoride
Authors: Shrestha B.M. , Mundorff Sheila A. , Bibby Basil G.
Published: November 2010

By comparing phosphorus loss from enamel windows during successive exposures in acetic acid buffer, measurements were made of the effects of a number of uncommon fluoride and nonfluoride compounds on enamel dissolution. Acidulated ytterbium chloride and the tetrafluorides of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium gave much more lasting protection against the action of acid than did the fluorides commonly used for caries prophylaxis.
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements: III. Infrared Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Wilson Alan D. , Mesley Robert J.
Published: November 2010

The structure of eugenol, zinc eugenolate salt, zinc oxide-eugenol and guaiacol cements, and deuterated analogues was studied by infrared spectroscopy. The molecular geometry of the zinc eugenolate chelate and the parent eugenol dimer were similar. The role of water in the cement structure remains a matter for speculation.
A Procedure for Estimating Sample Size in Clinical Trials of Dental Caries Preventives
Authors: Jerald McClendon B. , Driscoll William S. , Abrams Alan M. , Barbano Joseph P.
Published: November 2010

A procedure developed by Feldt and Mahmoud for estimating sample size was applied to clinical trials of dental caries preventives. The procedure was modified to account for features common to most clinical trials of cariostatic agents.
Effect of Eugenol and Eugenol-Containing Root Canal Sealers on the Microhardness of Human Dentin
Authors: Biven Glen M. , Bapna M.S. , Heuer Michael A.
Published: November 2010

The effects of eugenol and several root canal sealers that contained eugenol on human dentin were examined by microhardness measurements. Microhardness of human dentin increased significantly by prolonged contact with these materials. Furthermore, it seems that the increase in microhardness decreases as the eugenol content in the sealers is decreased.
Acute Ulcerative Gingivitis: Immune Complex
Authors: Dolby A.E.
Published: November 2010

Study of gingival biopsy specimens from patients with acute ulcerative gingivitis showed that immune complex formation has no role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Light Deprivation and Parotid Flow in the Human
Authors: Shannon Ira L. , Feller Ralph P. , Suddick Richard P.
Published: November 2010

The unstimulated parotid saliva flow rate decreased significantly from 0.057 to 0.014 ml/minute when subjects were blindfolded. It is suggested that photic stimulation of retinal receptors induces sympathetic neuronal activity, which may be responsible for maintaining resting parotid flow in the human.
Plaque Acid Production in Hamsters Pretreated with Fluoride
Authors: Fitzgerald Dorothea B. , Fitzgerald Robert J.
Published: November 2010

Plaque acid production in hamsters pretreated with fluoride did not differ from that in untreated control hamsters, although sufficient fluoride was present in the teeth of the treated hamsters to protect against a severe cariogenic challenge. The results indicate that enamel-bound fluoride does not significantly influence carbohydrate metabolism of microbial plaques.
An Electromyographic Feedback Technique for Teaching Voluntary Relaxation of the Masseter Muscle
Authors: Budyznski Thomas , Stoyva Johann
Published: November 2010

A muscle relaxation training technique that provides a person with immediate auditory or visual feedback of his electromyographic activity was developed. The forty subjects who received feedback reduced their masseter electromyographic activity significantly more than the 40 subjects who did not receive feedback.
Comparison of Brinell and Vickers Hardness Tests on Dental Casting Gold Alloys
Authors: Barton J.A. , Eick J.D. , Dickson G.
Published: November 2010

The relationship between Vickers and Brinell hardness numbers of dental casting gold alloys was found to be linear; the addition of 19 to the Brinell number approximated the Vickers number fairly well. The coefficient of variation for the Brinell test was about 1 % less than that of the Vickers test. Effects of reading error, sample inhomogeneity, and other factors on the precision of the Vickers values were evaluated.
Tooth Loss and Biting Force in Man
Authors: Atkinson H.F. , Ralph W.J.
Published: November 2010

Changes in the biting force of a group of patients who underwent immediate denture treatment are reported for a period of four years. Force increased with time and was independent of dental state. After two years the average biting force approached that recorded for dentate individuals. The periodontal membrane does not appear to play an essential part in force production during mastication.
Adsorption of Water on Tooth Components and Related Materials
Authors: Loebenstein William V.
Published: November 2010

By use of a novel, simply constructed, vapor-circulating apparatus, complete water adsorption isotherms, and surface areas derived therefrom, were obtained for tooth components and representative dental materials. Characteristic hysteresis loops were found for all materials studied.
Penetration of Elements from Amalgam into Dentin
Authors: Kurosaki Norimasa , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

Penetration of amalgam elements into dentin was investigated by electron probe microanalysis of human and dog teeth. Penetration was observed with tin and zinc, but not with mercury or silver; it was observed only in the softened dentin. The elements were accumulated mainly in the second decalcified layer of dentin.
Histopathological Study of a Quartz-Filled Composite Dental Restorative Material
Authors: Adams Robert J. , Lord Geoffrey H.
Published: November 2010

Pulp reactions to four dental restorative materials were studied in 318 teeth of 12 rhesus monkeys. Materials included a resin-bonded, quartz-filled composite; that same composite with methyl methacrylate added; silicate; and zinc oxide-eugenol. The overall incidence of irritation was low after 15 and 30 days.
Comparative Absorbed Doses in Dental Radiography: III. Special Projections
Authors: Weissman Donald D.
Published: November 2010

X-radiation dosimetry of four intraoral occlusal and four extraoral skull projections at 12 anatomic sites was performed with calcium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters. The degree of exposure and absorbed doses indicated that patient radiation tolerance should be considered in the decision to use radiography.
Free Amino Acids in Human Saliva
Authors: Papanayotou Pan H. , Dozi-Vassiliades Joanna , Kovatsis Anast.
Published: November 2010

By the use of thin layer chromatographic techniques and exchange column chromatography, 20 free amino acids were found in human saliva. No qualitative or semiquantitative differences in the amino acid content were observed among caries-susceptible and caries-resistant individuals 20 to 30 years old.
Statistical Relationship Between the Presence of Human Subgingival Anaerobic Diphtheroids and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Beveridge T.J. , Goldner M.
Published: November 2010

The presence of anaerobic diphtheroids in subgingival plaque isolates from 79 individuals was analyzed on a statistical basis; a 26% incidence was found in periodontally diseased patients, compared with 4% in clinically normal individuals. No statistically significant increase was observed with increased severity of periodontal disease.
A Technique for Evaluating Dental Adhesives
Authors: Williams M.L. , De Vries K.L. , Despain R.R.
Published: November 2010

A method is proposed for evaluating the strength of an adhesive joint. It is basically a fracture mechanics approach which recognizes that the strength of a joint depends on adhesive thickness, elastic properties of adhesive and teeth, joint geometry, sizes of flaws, and other factors. The "blister" technique is proposed as a useful means of quantitatively determining the quality of an adhesive joint.
Metal-Filled Resin Composites
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Chandler H.H.
Published: November 2010

Certain physical properties of metal-filled resin composite materials can be improved if properly selected and applied coupling agents are used in treating the surfaces of the metal particles.
Caries Prevention in Deciduous Dentition Using Table Salt Fluoridation
Authors: Toth K.
Published: November 2010

Table salt fluoridation was effective in caries prevention in the deciduous teeth of preschool children.
Influence of Age and Duration of Diabetes on Dental Development in Diabetic Children
Authors: Adler P. , Wegner H. , Bohatka L.
Published: November 2010

Dental development was assessed in 194 diabetic children and was compared with standard tooth emergence data. Based on duration of the disease, a biphasic influence of the diabetic state on dental development was observed. Dental development was influenced primarily by the age of the patients; this suggests the existence of a "diabetic constitution" that may cause systemic effects before the metabolic disorder becomes manifest clinically.
Capillary Action Around Dental Structures
Authors: O'Brien W.J.
Published: November 2010

The capillary action of saliva occurs in the crevices around and between teeth and around dental restorations. Marginal leakage and denture retention caused by a thin film of saliva are aspects of capillary phenomena. Liquids in capillaries isolated from a reservoir showed an increase in surface tension and lower vapor pressure. The strength of thin films of human saliva was independent of ambient pressure.
Effects of the Tonic Neck Reflex on the Jaw Muscles of the Rat
Authors: Funakoshi Masaya , Amano Nchiro
Published: November 2010

Effects of the tonic neck reflex on the jaw muscles were studied in rats with both ear labyrinths destroyed immediately after decerebration. Electric activities of the jaw muscles increased or decreased in response to rotation, tilting, and flexion of the head. The electromyographic responses to head position were abolished after the first three cervical nerves were cut. We concluded that the tonic neck reflex has an influence on the jaw muscles.
Comparison of the Strength of Barnacle and Commercial Dental Cements
Authors: Despain R.R. , De Vries K.L. , Luntz R.D. , Williams M.L.
Published: November 2010

The strength of barnacle cement was compared with commercial dental polymeric restorative materials and cements by use of a fracture mechanics approach in conjunction with a blister technique. Barnacles were "grown" on various surfaces and the adhesive fracture energy of the cements was determined. These values were compared quantitatively with available commercial materials. On a wet surface, barnacle cement was favored.
Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: III. Effects of Undernutrition on Biochemical Parameters in the Developing Submandibular Salivary Gland
Authors: Menaker Lewis , Navia Juan M.
Published: November 2010

Undernutrition imposed on rats during the suckling period led to diminished levels of the biologic compounds associated with protein biosynthetic pathways in the submandibular salivary gland. DNA, RNA, protein concentration, and total wet weight in undernourished rats did not return to control amounts after intubation with a supplement containing no protein. However, supplements of a solution containing 10% protein during early development completely restored control amounts.
Nicotine Stomatitis and its Relation to Carcinoma of the Hard Palate in Reverse Smokers of Chuttas
Authors: Ramulu C. , Raju M.V.S. , Venkatarathnam G. , Reddy C.R.R.M.
Published: November 2010

Clinical surveys and biopsy studies demonstrated a close correlation among reverse smoking, nicotine stomatitis, and carcinoma of the palate.
Quantitative Measure of Mercury Vapor Emission from Setting Dental Amalgam
Authors: Svare Carl W. , Frank Clyde W. , Kai Chiu Chan
Published: November 2010

The rate of mercury vapor emission from setting dental amalgam was measured by use of an ultraviolet light absorption technique under nondiffusion-controlled conditions. An average of 0.3 X 10-6 gm mercury per square centimeter was emitted at the experimental temperature. At 37 C, this amount was estimated to be 1.2 × 10 -6 gm/ cm2.
Use of a Chain Binomial in the Epidemiology of Caries
Authors: Phyo Inchol
Published: November 2010

A chain binomial model of the caries process was defined and tested with data that consisted of the total number of carious deciduous molars in 10- and 11-year-old children. The model was shown to be a satisfactory approximation of the caries process.
Petrographic Study of the Refractory Performance of High-Fusing Dental Alloy Investments: II. Silica-Bonded Investments
Authors: Mabie Curtis P.
Published: November 2010

Petrographic study of the refractory performance of silica-bonded investments revealed that recrystallized silica bonds consisting of tridymite and cristobalite are formed during burnout. The major reaction product created during casting is eskolaite. Liquefaction and sintering in the investment at and near its interface with the casting plugs pores and may lower permeability.
Marginal Fracture of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Mahler David B. , Terkla Louis G. , Van Eysden Jan
Published: November 2010

Marginal fracture characteristics of clinical restorations made from three amalgam alloys were evaluated during a four-year period. Marginal fracture increased with age; the rate of increase was different among alloys, and the ranking of alloys remained the same during the four years.
Preferential Induction of Rough Variants in Streptococcus mutans by Ethidium Bromide
Authors: Higuchi Masako , Endo Kaeko , Hoshino Etsuro , Araya Shimpei
Published: November 2010

Different colonial variants of Streptococcus mutans were studied. Rough variants were induced frequently from an original mucoid-type strain in cultures to which ethidium bromide was added. Rough variants had less insoluble dextran like polysaccharides than the original mucoid strain. Mitomycin C caused cell lysis in mucoid cells but not in rough cells.
Induced Calcification in the Subdermal Tissues of the Rat
Authors: Binnie William H. , Mitchell David F.
Published: November 2010

Subdermal implants of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, plaster of Paris, and a control material were made in rats. A tetracycline and a chloro-s-triazine dye were given at various intervals to some rats. Histochemical and fluorescence studies showed an amorphous, lamellar, noncellular, mineralized tissue in the capsules surrounding the inorganic implants.
Mast Cells and Basophils in the Mandibular Alveolar Connective Tissue and Bone Marrow of Germfree Albino Rats
Authors: Wolf John E. , App George R. , Melfi Rudy C.
Published: November 2010

Mast cells and basophils decreased in numbers in older germfree rats. Degranulation of mast cells increased in older animals. It is possible that aging is related to increasing degranulation and the release of pharmacologically active substances such as heparin. The release of heparin might play a role in bone loss.
Wear Characteristics of Burs
Authors: Reisbick M.H. , Bunshah R.F.
Published: November 2010

A wear test was conducted to evaluate carbide dental burs. There is great variability within each bur type, which renders a particular bur highly unpredictable; this can be correlated to the variability in the carbide material. There is little hope that existing burs will be improved through changes in the sintered carbide system alone.
Alloantibodies Induced in Histoincompatible Rats by Single Pulp and Tooth Grafts
Authors: Riviere George R. , Hansen Roland W.
Published: November 2010

Pulp and whole teeth were transplanted between two histoincompatible strains of rats. A bimodal distribution of antibodies occurred. Hemagglutination titers stimulated by teeth were greater than those stimulated by pulp. The peaks probably represent IgM and IgG antibodies. Periodontal tissues may be more antigenic than pulp.
Radiographic Determination of the Length of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisors in Rats
Authors: Smith C.E. , Warshawsky H.
Published: November 2010

The length of rat incisors was measured radiographically, and was constant in rats of the same weight, sex, and strain. The right and left maxillary and mandibular incisors were of equal length in the same rat. The mandibular incisor was consistently about 25% longer than the maxillary incisor for all parameters measured.
Enamel Microsampling Technique for Assessing Fluoride Uptake from Topical Fluoride Treatments In Vitro
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y.
Published: November 2010

A handpiece driven by an electric motor and with a pressure gauge and a preset timer was found to be a satisfactory tool for the in vitro and in vivo microsampling of enamel fluoride in the first 1 to 2 micrometer layer of enamel.
Bacterial Degradation of Streptococcal Glucans
Authors: Pitts Gary , Keele Bernard B.
Published: November 2010

Several strains of bacteria were isolated which have the ability to use the polyglucan polymers produced by four strains of Streptococcus mutans as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth requirements. This study shows that the enzyme system responsible for the degradation of the polyglucan is extracellular in nature.
Effects of Fluorides in the In Vitro Plaque Model System from Human Salivary Sediment
Authors: Dolan M.M. , Murphy C.V. , Kavanagh B. , Yankell S.L.
Published: November 2010

Artificial plaque from human saliva produces glycolytic action after three to four hours incubation at 37 C. When 6 to 8 ppm F from aminefluorides is present, such effects are absent. Under the same conditions, up to 100 ppm F from sodium fluoride and monofluorophosphate are inactive; stannous fluoride is active at 50 ppm F, but not at 10 ppm F. A marketed preparation of a gel that contains aminefluoride is active at 80 ppm F, whereas an inorganic fluoride gel is active only at 1,250 ppm F.
Frictional Behavior and Surface Failure of Human Enamel
Authors: Powers J.M. , Craig R.G. , Ludema K.C.
Published: November 2010

The frictional behavior and surface failure of human enamel under sliding in water was examined. A large plowing component of friction was observed. For normal loads of up to 1kg, ductile behavior of the wear scar was apparent. Intermittent cracks were obrerved that appeared to propagate around the enamel rods.
The Mylohyoid Bridge : An Anomalous Derivative of Meckel's Cartilage
Authors: Ossenberg N.S.
Published: November 2010

The mylohyoid bridge occurs in between 1 and 60% of individuals among various groups of man. The precursor of this bridge is a membrane continuous proximally with the sphenomandibular ligament and stretching the length of the mylohyoid groove medial to its contained neurovascular structures. The membrane and its bony variant may be derived from Meckel's cartilage.
Relationship of Submerged Deciduous Molars to Root Resorption and Development of Permanent Successors
Authors: Steigman S. , Koyoumdjisky-Kaye E. , Matrai Y.
Published: November 2010

Periapical radiographs of 540 children with submerged and normal deciduous molars were checked for rate of deciduous root resorption and development of permanent successors. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the normal and submerged deciduous molars. The latter should not be extracted unnecessarily.
Action of Streptococcus mutans on Dental Enamel Pretreated with Stannous Fluoride
Authors: Abramovich Abraham , Sabelli Carlos A.
Published: November 2010

Untreated human teeth and teeth treated with stannous fluoride were incubated for 14 days in a base medium that contained Streptococcus mutans. When the teeth were viewed under the scanning electron microscope, the untreated teeth exhibited damage of the enamel surface; damage was prevented partially by prior application of stannous fluoride.
Effect of Tantalum Additions to a Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Base Alloy
Authors: Rowe A.P. , Bigelow W.C. , Asgar K.
Published: November 2010

An investigation by electron diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis has shown that Ta additions to a 40-30-30 Co-Cr-Ni-base alloy strengthen by ordering and by formation of coherent α-Co3Ta precipitate. However, increasing Ta content increases the proportion of the hexagonal phase and decreases ductility.
Enamel Dissolution in a Weak Acid Containing 0.05, 0.5, or 5.0 mM Sodium Fluoride
Authors: Jeansonne B.G. , Feagin F.F.
Published: November 2010

The calcium and phosphorus dissolved from enamel were determined in 0.5-hour fractions during flow of a weak acid solution through small chambers containing surfaces of tooth enamel. The results demonstrated reactions of Ca and P dissolution and concurrent reactions of CaF2 formation at the surface of enamel minerals.
Sex Differences in the Chronology of Deciduous Tooth Emergence in White and Black Children
Authors: Infante Peter F.
Published: November 2010

Tooth emergence in 376 black and white children between the ages of 4 and 33 months was studied in southeastern Michigan. The results indicate a trend in both groups for boys to show earlier tooth emergence in early stages and for girls to show earlier tooth emergence in later stages of deciduous tooth emergence.
Effect of Microbial Interactions on In Vitro Plaque Formation by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Miller Chris H. , Kleinman Joseph L.
Published: November 2010

Eight non-plaque-forming oral organisms were grown in paired mixed cultures with Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro plaque assay system. The amount of plaque that formed was compared with that formed by pure cultures of S mutans. Four organisms had no effect on the total amount of plaque that formed, three organisms caused decided inhibitions, and one organism greatly increased total plaque formation.
Adhesive Taglike Extensions into Acid-Etched Tooth Enamel
Authors: Myers C.L. , Rossi F. , Cartz L.
Published: November 2010

Adhesive tag like extensions into acid-etched tooth enamel can be directly observed in great detail by means of a modified scanning electron microscope technique. No taglike extensions of the adhesive were observed in tooth enamel that was not acid-etched before bonding of the adhesive.
Setting Characteristics of Anterior Restorative Materials
Authors: Jacobsen P.H. , Von Fraunhofer J.A.
Published: November 2010

A force-displacement transducer technique was used to evaluate the setting characteristics of six anterior restorative materials. This technique produces graphs of setting characteristics from which the working time and settling time of a material can be easily determined.
Effect of Removal of the Temporal Muscle on the Coronoid Process in Guinea Pigs : Quantitative Triple Fluorochrome Study
Authors: Soni Narendar N. , Malloy Randolph B.
Published: November 2010

A triple fluorochrome labeling sequence was used to measure the osseous activity in the coronoid process after the removal of the temporal muscle. Statistically significant differences between the control and the experimental animals were found for hematoporphyrin, DCAF, DCTC, and total labeled bone.
An In Vitro Assay to Measure Early Calcium Loss from Surface Enamel
Authors: White G.E. , Cooney C.L. , Sinskey A.J. , Miller S.A.
Published: November 2010

A sensitive and quantitative assay to measure the early calcium loss from surface enamel exposed to organic acids and metabolic products of cariogenic bacteria was designed. It will be useful to show the effects of metabolic products from cariogenic organisms on the surface of enamel and the effectiveness of dental therapeutic agents before animal studies.
Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gel of the Membrane Proteins of Streptococcus mutans and Related Streptococci
Authors: Hamada Shigeyuki , Mizuno Junn
Published: November 2010

Cell membranes of cariogenic and related streptococci were studied by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing a detergent and urea. The electrofocusing patterns of membrane proteins were distinctly different. The differences among strains were similar to those found by serological tests and by genetic studies.
Comparative Assessment of the Cell Proliferative Activities of Injured Parodontal Tissues in Aging Mice
Authors: Tonna E.A. , Stahl S.S.
Published: November 2010

Little effect was noted on the labeling indexes of the gingival epithelium in aging mice after gingival excision. However, significantly diminished labeling indexes, shifted peak activities to later time periods, and delayed tissue regeneration were observed in associated connective tissues. The effects of aging were most pronounced on the connective tissue compartments that retained their cell proliferative potential despite aging.
Prostaglandin-Induced Resorption of the Adult Rat Calvarium
Authors: Goodson J. Max , McClatchy Kenneth , Revell Clifford
Published: November 2010

Prostaglandin E1-containing solutions injected under the skin overlying the calvarium of adult rats produced a visible resorptive lesion within the bone in seven days. The resorptive process was characterized by fibrous replacement of bone matrix and by increased vascularity. Inflammatory cells were not apparent.
Sensitive Method for the Bioassay of Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Human Saliva
Authors: Innes D.L. , Ritman L. , Tansy M.F.
Published: November 2010

A procedure for the biological assay of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) or MSH-like peptide fractions in human saliva is described. Samples of whole saliva were collected from normal individuals. The amount of MSH-like activity was estimated to be between 0.3 and 1.0 international units per milliliter of saliva.
Plaque Formation by Mixed Cultures of Nonprimary Plaque-Forming Microorganisms
Authors: Parsons John C. , Miller Chris H.
Published: November 2010

Some oral organisms that do not form artificial plaque in pure culture interacted to form adherent plaque when combined in mixed culture. The presence of a nonprimary plaque-forming strain of Streptococcus salivarius in combinations with one of several other nonprimary plaque formers, resulted in depositions of large quantities of plaque containing significant amounts of a fructose-positive polysaccharide.
Influence of Method of Testing on Dentifrice Abrasiveness
Authors: Manly R.S. , Wiren J. , Harte David B. , Ahern John M.
Published: November 2010

A method has been developed for testing dentifrice abrasiveness which is based on a commercial toothbrush motor that operates a brush with only one or two tufts and on the application of dentifrice to a disk of neutron-irradiated dentin. Greater precision was found when only one tuft was used. The wear by two commercial dentifrices depended on the force on the brush and on the concentration during testing.
Treatment of Human Teeth with Fluoride for Replantation and Allotransplantation
Authors: Mellberg J.R. , Shulman L.
Published: November 2010

Human cementum surfaces were treated in vitro with acidulated phosphate-fluoride (APF) solutions. Fluoride concentrations as high as 200,000 ppm were found one minute after treatment with a pH 3.2 APF solution. Less uptake occurred from a pH 5.5 APF solution. Much of the acquired fluoride was lost after soaking the treated cementum for 24 hours in a metastable calcium phosphate solution.
Mineral Composition of Normal Human Enamel and Dentin and the Relation of Composition to Dental Caries: II. Microminerals
Authors: Derise Nellie L. , Ritchey S.J.
Published: November 2010

Microminerals including fluorine, iodine, iron, aluminum, selenium, manganese, copper, zinc, strontium, lead, and cobalt were determined in the enamel and dentin portions of permanent, sound teeth from 175 patients in Virginia. Neutron activation and atomic absorption were used in the analyses. Concentration of the elements was related to tooth portion, age, and sex of the patient.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of a Restored Axisymmetric First Molar
Authors: Farah J.W. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

A first molar with full crown preparation and three marginal configurations-chamfer, chisel, and shoulder with a bevel-was analyzed by the finite element method. The maximum, minimum, and shear stresses were plotted as a function of the radius along various horizontal planes. The chamfer geometry exhibited the most uniform stress distribution.