bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa – Part 1: Application of extreme value theory
Authors: Rieder H. E. , Staehelin J. , Maeder J. A. , Peter T. , Ribatet M. , Davison A. C. , Stübi R. , Weihs P. , Holawe F.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. In this study ideas from extreme value theory are for the first time applied in the field of stratospheric ozone research, because statistical analysis showed that previously used concepts assuming a Gaussian distribution (e.g. fixed deviations from mean values) of total ozone data do not adequately address the structure of the extremes. We show that statistical extreme value methods are appropriate to identify ozone extremes and to describe the tails of the Arosa (Switzerland) total ozone time series. In order to accommodate the seasonal cycle in total ozone, a daily moving threshold was determined and used, with tools from extreme value theory, to analyse the frequency of days with extreme low (termed ELOs) and high (termed EHOs) total ozone at Arosa. The analysis shows that the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) provides an appropriate model for the frequency distribution of total ozone above or below a mathematically well-defined threshold, thus providing a statistical description of ELOs and EHOs. The results show an increase in ELOs and a decrease in EHOs during the last decades. The fitted model represents the tails of the total ozone data set with high accuracy over the entire range (including absolute monthly minima and maxima), and enables a precise computation of the frequency distribution of ozone mini-holes (using constant thresholds). Analyzing the tails instead of a small fraction of days below constant thresholds provides deeper insight into the time series properties. Fingerprints of dynamical (e.g. ENSO, NAO) and chemical features (e.g. strong polar vortex ozone loss), and major volcanic eruptions, can be identified in the observed frequency of extreme events throughout the time series. Overall the new approach to analysis of extremes provides more information on time series properties and variability than previous approaches that use only monthly averages and/or mini-holes and mini-highs.
Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa – Part 2: Fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry and effects on mean values and long-term changes
Authors: Rieder H. E. , Staehelin J. , Maeder J. A. , Peter T. , Ribatet M. , Davison A. C. , Stübi R. , Weihs P. , Holawe F.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. In this study the frequency of days with extreme low (termed ELOs) and extreme high (termed EHOs) total ozone values and their influence on mean values and trends are analyzed for the world's longest total ozone record (Arosa, Switzerland). The results show (i) an increase in ELOs and (ii) a decrease in EHOs during the last decades and (iii) that the overall trend during the 1970s and 1980s in total ozone is strongly dominated by changes in these extreme events. After removing the extremes, the time series shows a strongly reduced trend (reduction by a factor of 2.5 for trend in annual mean). Excursions in the frequency of extreme events reveal "fingerprints" of dynamical factors such as ENSO or NAO, and chemical factors, such as cold Arctic vortex ozone losses, as well as major volcanic eruptions of the 20th century (Gunung Agung, El Chichón, Mt. Pinatubo). Furthermore, atmospheric loading of ozone depleting substances leads to a continuous modification of column ozone in the Northern Hemisphere also with respect to extreme values (partly again in connection with polar vortex contributions). Application of extreme value theory allows the identification of many more such "fingerprints" than conventional time series analysis of annual and seasonal mean values. The analysis shows in particular the strong influence of dynamics, revealing that even moderate ENSO and NAO events have a discernible effect on total ozone. Overall the approach to extremal modelling provides new information on time series properties, variability, trends and the influence of dynamics and chemistry, complementing earlier analyses focusing only on monthly (or annual) mean values.
North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution
Authors: Fiore A. M. , Levy II H. , Jaffe D. A.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O3) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NOy) species, shifting the balance towards PAN which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO3) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of 20% changes in North American (NA) isoprene versus 20% changes in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NOx + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The regional NA surface O3 response to a 20% increase in NA isoprene is approximately one third of the response (oppositely signed) to a 20% decrease in all NA anthropogenic emissions in summer. The intercontinental surface O3 response over Europe and North Africa (EU region) to NA isoprene is more than half of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions combined in summer and fall. During these seasons, natural inter-annual variations in NA isoprene emissions (estimated at ±10%) may modulate the responses of EU surface O3, lower tropospheric PAN, and total NOy deposition to a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions by ±25%, ±50%, and ±20%, respectively. Lower tropospheric PAN responds similarly for 20% perturbations to either NA isoprene or NA anthropogenic O3 precursor emissions. This PAN response is at least twice as large as the relative changes in surface O3, implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O3 precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O3 or oxidized nitrogen deposition, reported in the recent TF HTAP multi-model studies (TFHTAP, 2007).
On the potential contribution of open lead particle emissions to the central Arctic aerosol concentration
Authors: Held A. , Brooks I. M. , Leck C. , Tjernström M.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. During the ice-breaker borne ASCOS expedition (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) direct eddy covariance measurements of aerosol number fluxes were carried out in August 2008 on the edge of an ice floe drifting in the central Arctic Ocean between 2°–10° W longitude and 87°–87.5° N latitude. The median aerosol transfer velocities over different surface types (open water leads, ice ridges, snow and ice surfaces) ranged from 0.27 to 0.68 mm s−1 during deposition-dominated episodes. Emission periods were observed more frequently over the open lead, while the snow behaved primarily as a deposition surface. Directly measured aerosol fluxes were compared with particle deposition parameterizations in order to estimate the emission flux from the observed net aerosol flux. Finally, the contribution of the open lead particle source to atmospheric variations in particle number concentration was evaluated and compared with the observed temporal evolution of particle number. The direct emission of aerosol particles from the open lead can only explain 5–10% of the observed particle number variation in the mixing layer close to the surface.
Recent changes in measured wind in the NE Atlantic and variability of correlation with NAO
Authors: Pirazzoli P. A. , Tomasin A. , Ullmann A.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The paper deals with wind measurements, recorded since the 1950s, at twelve meteorological stations along a transect near the westernmost European border, between 64° and 44° N. Extreme wind speed tends to decrease sharply near the northern boundary (at Reykjavick), near the middle of the study area (at Shannon and Valentia) and near the southern boundary (at Brest and Cap Ferret), to increase at Thorshavn, with less significant trends at the other stations. Average wind speeds confirm the above tendencies, with an additional increasing speed at Lerwick, Kirkwall, Malin Head, Belle-Ile and Cap Ferret. To compare changes in wind activity, the data have been subdivided into three periods: until 1975, 1976–1992 and 1993–2008. Frequencies have been computed also for the "winter" (October to March) period, per quadrants, and for occurrences exceeding the speed of 15 m s−1. At Reykjavick a recent increase in the frequency of strong winds has occurred from various directions. Between 62° N (Thorshavn) and 59° N (Kirkwall) strong wind has been increasing since 1975. Minor changes can be observed at Stornoway, whereas at Malin Head the greatest increase for southerlies and westerlies is observed during the 1976–1992 period. At Belmullet, the frequency of strong southerlies has almost doubled since 1992, while at Shannon and Valentia it remains quite low. Finally at Brest and Belle-Ile, westerlies are predominant among winds >15 m s−1. Important changes in time and latitude appear in the correlation with the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index. The highest correlation coefficients, calculated with monthly or seasonal means between the early 1950s and 1975, are observed from between 58° N (Stornoway) and Iceland, whereas low positive coefficients are reported more south. During the period 1976–1992, when increasing NAO index is predominant, positive correlation improves southwards as far as 54° (Belmullet) with some improvement also at Shannon and Valentia, while it remains low or even negative near the French Atlantic coast. Finally in the 1993–2008 period, correlation improves for all the stations south of 54° N (Belmullet), while it weakens more north.
Mountain uplift and the glaciation of North America – a sensitivity study
Authors: Foster G. L. , Lunt D. J. , Parrish R. R.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The Miocene (~24 to ~5 million years ago) was a period of relative global warmth compared to the Quaternary (~2 million years ago to present; e.g. Zachos et al., 2001) and was characterised by the intermittent glaciation of Antarctica only. Paradoxically, the majority of available proxy data suggest that during the Miocene, pCO2 was similar, or even lower, than the pre-industrial levels (280 ppmv; Pagani et al., 1999; Pearson and Palmer, 2000; Kürschner et al., 1996, 2008) and at times probably crossed the modelled threshold value required for sustained glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere (DeConto et al., 2008). Records of ice rafted debris and the oxygen isotope composition of benthic foraminifera suggest that at several times over the last 25 million years substantial amounts of continental ice did build up in the Northern Hemisphere but none of these led to prolonged glaciation. In this contribution, we review evidence that suggests that in the Miocene the North American Cordillera was, at least in parts, considerably lower than today. We present new GCM simulations that imply that small amounts of uplift of the North American Cordillera result in significant cooling of the northern North American Continent. Offline ice sheet modelling, driven by these GCM outputs, suggests that with a reduced topography, inception of the Cordilleran ice sheet is prohibited. This suggests that uplift of the North American Cordillera in the Late Miocene may have played an important role in priming the climate for the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation in the Late Pliocene.
Series distance – an intuitive metric for hydrograph comparison
Authors: Ehret U. , Zehe E.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Applying metrics for hydrograph comparison is a central task in hydrological modelling, used both in model calibration and the evaluation of simulations or forecasts. Motivated by the shortcomings of standard objective metrics such as the Root Mean Square Error or the Mean Peak Time Error and the advantages of visual inspection as a powerful tool for simultaneous, case-specific and multi-criteria (yet subjective) evaluation, we propose a new objective metric termed Series Distance, which is in close accordance with visual evaluation. The Series Distance is an event-based method and consists of three parts, namely a Threat Score which evaluates overall agreement of event occurrence, and the overall distance of matching observed and simulated events with respect to amplitude and timing. The novelty of the latter two is the way in which matching point pairs on the observed and simulated hydrographs are identified, namely by the same relative position in matching segments (rise or recession) of matching events. Thus, amplitude and timing errors are calculated simultaneously but separately, from point pairs that also match visually, considering complete events rather than only individual points (which is for example the case with metrics related to Peak Time Errors). After presenting the Series Distance theory, we discuss its properties and compare it to those of standard metrics and visual inspection, both at the example of simple, artificial hydrographs and an ensemble of realistic forecasts. The results suggest that the Series Distance compares and evaluates hydrographs in a way comparable to visual inspection, but in an objective, reproducible way.
Present and LGM permafrost from climate simulations: contribution of statistical downscaling
Authors: Levavasseur G. , Vrac M. , Roche D. M. , Paillard D. , Martin A. , Vandenberghe J.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. We quantify the agreement between permafrost distributions from PMIP2 (Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project) climate models and permafrost data. We evaluate the ability of several climate models to represent permafrost and assess the inter-variability between them. Studying an heterogeneous variable such as permafrost implies to conduct analysis at a smaller spatial scale compared with climate models resolution. Our approach consists in applying statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) on large- or regional-scale atmospheric variables provided by climate models, leading to local permafrost modelling. Among the SDMs, we first choose a transfer function approach based on Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to produce high-resolution climatology of surface air temperature (SAT). Then, we define permafrost distribution over Eurasia by SAT conditions. In a first validation step on present climate (CTRL period), GAM shows some limitations with non-systemic improvements in comparison with the large-scale fields. So, we develop an alternative method of statistical downscaling based on a stochastic generator approach through a Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), which directly models the probabilities of local permafrost indices. The obtained permafrost distributions appear in a better agreement with data. In both cases, the provided local information reduces the inter-variability between climate models. Nevertheless, this also proves that a simple relationship between permafrost and the SAT only is not always sufficient to represent local permafrost. Finally, we apply each method on a very different climate, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) time period, in order to quantify the ability of climate models to represent LGM permafrost. Our SDMs do not significantly improve permafrost distribution and do not reduce the inter-variability between climate models, at this period. We show that LGM permafrost distribution from climate models strongly depends on large-scale SAT. The differences with LGM data, larger than in the CTRL period, reduce the contribution of downscaling and depend on several factors deserving further studies.
Amino Resins
Authors: Diem Hans , Matthias Günther , Wagner Robert A.
Published: October 2010

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Raw Materials5.Production5.1.Principle Aspects5.1.1.Hydroxymethylation5.1.2.Condensation5.1.3.Principal Components of an Amino Resin Solution5.2.Production Processes5.2.1.Batchwise Production5.2.2.Continuous Production5.2.3.Production of Special Products and Foams6.Environmental Protection7.Types of Resins and Their Properties7.1.Urea Resins (UF Resins)7.1.1.Pure Urea – Formaldehyde Resins7.1.2.Mixed Condensates7.1.3.Condensation of Urea with Other Aldehydes7.1.4.Resins from Urea Derivatives7.1.5.Modified Urea Resins7.2.Melamine Resins7.2.1.Unmodified Melamine Resins7.2.2.Modified Melamine Resins7.3.Urethane Resins7.4.Cyanamide and Dicyanodiamide Resins7.5.Sulfonamide Resins7.6.Aniline Resins8.Analysis9.Storage and Transportation10.Uses11.Economic Aspects
Urea Derivatives
Authors: Nitschke Christian , Scherr Günter
Published: October 2010

The article contains sections titled:1.Thermal Condensation Products of Urea2.Alkyl‐ and Arylureas2.1.Phosgenation of Amines2.2.Transamidation of Urea with Amines2.3.Aminolysis of Esters of Carbonic and Carbamic Acids2.4.Reaction with Isocyanates2.5.Reaction of Amines with Cyanates (Salts)2.6.Acylation of Ammonia or Amines with Carbamoyl Chlorides2.7.Alkylation of Urea with Alcohols or Alkyl Halides2.8.Alkylated or Arylated Derivates of Urea3.Reaction of Urea and Urea Derivatives with Aldehydes3.1.α‐Hydroxyalkylureas3.2.α‐Alkoxyalkylureas3.3.α,α′‐Alkyleneureas3.4.Cyclic Ureas—Aldehyde Condensation Products3.5.Bicyclic Ureas— Cyclizing α‐Ureidoalkylations with Aldehydes
Nanostructures and Functional Materials Fabricated by Interferometric Lithography
Authors: Xia Deying , Ku Zahyun , Lee S. C. , Brueck S. R. J.
Published: October 2010

Interferometric lithography (IL) is a powerful technique for the definition of large‐area, nanometer‐scale, periodically patterned structures. Patterns are recorded in a light‐sensitive medium, such as a photoresist, that responds nonlinearly to the intensity distribution associated with the interference of two or more coherent beams of light. The photoresist patterns produced with IL are a platform for further fabrication of nanostructures and growth of functional materials and are building blocks for devices. This article provides a brief review of IL technologies and focuses on various applications for nanostructures and functional materials based on IL including directed self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles, nanophotonics, semiconductor materials growth, and nanofluidic devices. Perspectives on future directions for IL and emerging applications in other fields are presented.
Early onset collagen VI myopathies: Genetic and clinical correlations
Authors: Briñas Laura , Richard Pascale , Quijano‐Roy Susana , Gartioux Corine , Ledeuil Céline , Lacène Emmanuelle , Makri Samira , Ferreiro Ana , Maugenre Svetlana , Topaloglu Haluk , Haliloglu Göknur , Pénisson‐Besnier Isabelle , Jeannet Pierre‐Yves , Merlini Luciano , Navarro Carmen , Toutain Annick , Chaigne Denys , Desguerre Isabelle , de Die‐Smulders Christine , Dunand Murielle , Echenne Bernard , Eymard Bruno , Kuntzer Thierry , Maincent Kim , Mayer Michèle , Plessis Ghislaine , Rivier François , Roelens Filip , Stojkovic Tanya , Lía Taratuto Ana , Lubieniecki Fabiana , Monges Soledad , Tranchant Christine , Viollet Louis , Romero Norma B. , Estournet Brigitte , Guicheney Pascale , Allamand Valérie
Published: October 2010

Objective

Mutations in the genes encoding the extracellular matrix protein collagen VI (ColVI) cause a spectrum of disorders with variable inheritance including Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, and intermediate phenotypes. We extensively characterized, at the clinical, cellular, and molecular levels, 49 patients with onset in the first 2 years of life to investigate genotype‐phenotype correlations.

Methods

Patients were classified into 3 groups: early‐severe (18%), moderate‐progressive (53%), and mild (29%). ColVI secretion was analyzed in patient‐derived skin fibroblasts. Chain‐specific transcript levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and mutation identification was performed by sequencing of complementary DNA.

Results

ColVI secretion was altered in all fibroblast cultures studied. We identified 56 mutations, mostly novel and private. Dominant de novo mutations were detected in 61% of the cases. Importantly, mutations causing premature termination codons (PTCs) or in‐frame insertions strikingly destabilized the corresponding transcripts. Homozygous PTC‐causing mutations in the triple helix domains led to the most severe phenotypes (ambulation never achieved), whereas dominant de novo in‐frame exon skipping and glycine missense mutations were identified in patients of the moderate‐progressive group (loss of ambulation).

Interpretation

This work emphasizes that the diagnosis of early onset ColVI myopathies is arduous and time‐consuming, and demonstrates that quantitative RT‐PCR is a helpful tool for the identification of some mutation‐bearing genes. Moreover, the clinical classification proposed allowed genotype‐phenotype relationships to be explored, and may be useful in the design of future clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:511–520
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: How do we improve surgical outcome?
Authors: Thom Maria , Mathern Gary W. , Cross J. Helen , Bertram Edward H.
Published: October 2010

Surgery has become the standard of care for patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, with anterior temporal lobe resection the most common operation performed for adults with hippocampal sclerosis. This procedure leads to significant improvement in the lives of the overwhelming majority of patients. Despite improved techniques in neuroimaging that have facilitated the identification of potential surgical candidates, the short‐term and long‐term success of epilepsy surgery has not changed substantially in recent decades. The basic surgical goal, removal of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, is based on the hypothesis that these structures represent a uniform and contiguous source of seizures in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) syndrome. Recent observations from the histopathology of resected tissue, preoperative neuroimaging, and the basic science laboratory suggest that the syndrome is not always a uniform entity. Despite clinical similarity, not all patients become seizure‐free. Improving surgical outcomes requires a re‐examination of why patients fail surgery. This review examines recent findings from the clinic and laboratory. Historically, we have considered MTLE a single disorder, but it may be time to view it as a group of closely related syndromes with variable type and extent of histopathology. That recognition may lead to identifying the appropriate subgroups that will require different diagnostic and surgical approaches to improve surgical outcomes. Ann Neurol 2010;68:424–434
A phase 3 trial of extended release oral dalfampridine in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Goodman Andrew D. , Brown Theodore R. , Edwards Keith R. , Krupp Lauren B. , Schapiro Randall T , Cohen Ron , Marinucci Lawrence N. , Blight Andrew R. ,   on behalf of the MSF204 Investigators
Published: October 2010

Objective

A previous phase 3 study showed significant improvement in walking ability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with oral, extended‐release dalfampridine (4‐aminopyridine) 10mg twice daily. The current study was designed to confirm efficacy and further define safety and pharmacodynamics.

Methods

This was a 39‐center, double‐blind trial in patients with definite MS of any course type. Participants were randomized to 9 weeks of treatment with dalfampridine (10mg twice daily; n = 120) or placebo (n = 119). Response was defined as consistent improvement on the Timed 25‐Foot Walk, with percentage of timed walk responders (TWRs) in each treatment group as the primary outcome. The last on‐treatment visit provided data from 8 to 12 hours postdose, to examine maintenance of effect.

Results

One patient from each group was excluded from the modified Intention to Treat population. The proportion of TWRs was higher in the dalfampridine group (51/119 or 42.9%) compared to the placebo group (11/118 or 9.3%, p < 0.0001). The average improvement in walking speed among dalfampridine‐treated TWRs during the 8‐week efficacy evaluation period was 24.7% from baseline (95% confidence interval, 21.0–28.4%); the mean improvement at the last on‐treatment visit was 25.7%, showing maintenance of effect over the interdosing period. There were no new safety findings.

Interpretation

This interventional study provides class 1 evidence that dalfampridine extended‐release tablets produce clinically meaningful improvement in walking ability in a subset of people with MS, with the effect maintained between doses. Ann Neurol 2010;68:494–502
Rylenfarbstoffe als maßgeschneiderte Nanoemitter für die Photonik
Authors: Weil Tanja , Vosch Tom , Hofkens Johan , Peneva Kalina , Müllen Klaus
Published: October 2010

Dieser Aufsatz fasst die jüngsten Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Rylenfarbstoffe und Rylen‐Nanoemitter für den Einsatz in der Photonik zusammen und beschreibt den Einfluss des Farbstoffdesigns auf die Leistungsmerkmale; im Zentrum stehen dabei die optischen Eigenschaften, die Selbstorganisation, die molekularen Wechselwirkungen sowie die Wechselwirkungsspezifität dieser Verbindungen. Die Messung ihrer Absorptions‐, Emissions‐ oder Anregungsspektren ermöglicht die genaue Bestimmung der Position oder der dreidimensionalen Orientierung ihrer Übergangsdipolmomente. Wichtig ist hierbei das Wechselspiel zwischen maßgeschneidertem (makro)molekularem Design und Einzelmolekül‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen. Die experimentelle Verfolgung von Einzelmolekülen ermöglicht die Aufklärung komplexer Prozesse, z. B. der Kinetik von Energietransferprozessen oder der (Bio‐)Katalyse, wodurch ein tieferes Verständnis der Entstehung und Herkunft von Unregelmäßigkeiten möglich wird. Derartige Untersuchungen sind für die Entwicklung verbesserter Nanoemitter unerlässlich und erfordern eine enge Zusammenarbeit von Spektroskopikern und Synthetikern.
Identification and characterization of two chitin‐binding proteins from the peritrophic membrane of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Yang Hua‐Jun , Zhou Fang , Malik Firdose Ahmad , Bhaskar Roy , Li Xing‐Hua , Hu Jia‐Biao , Sun Chun‐Guang , Miao Yun‐Gen
Published: October 2010

The peritrophic membrane (PM) is a semi‐permeable lining of the insect midgut, broadly analogous to the mucous lining of vertebrate gut. The PM proteins are important achievements for the function of the PM. In this study, two chitin‐binding proteins (BmPM‐P43 and BmPM‐P41) from the PM of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were identified and cloned. These proteins showed the molecular mass of 43 and 41 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences codes for a protein of 381 amino acid residues and 364 amino acid residues, containing 12 and 14 cysteine residues followed by similar domain, both of them have 5 cysteine residues in similar position in the C‐terminal. The confirmation of these proteins was performed by western blot analysis of recombinant BmPM‐P43 and BmPM‐P41. The chitin‐binding activity analysis showed that the BmPM‐P43 and BmPM‐P41 could bind to chitin strongly. It is concluded that BmPM‐P43 and BmPM‐P41 contains a polysaccharide deacetylase domain instead of peritrophin domain, indicated that these two proteins may belong to a new chitin‐binding protein family. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterial en bloc resection for pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Bockhorn M , Burdelski C , Bogoevski D , Sgourakis G , Yekebas E F , Izbicki J R
Published: October 2010

Background

Surgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement of the hepatic artery, coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is highly controversial. In a retrospective review, the benefits and harms of arterial en bloc resection (AEBR) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma with arterial involvement were analysed.

Methods

Patients were divided into three groups: 29 patients who had pancreatic resection and AEBR (group 1), 449 who had pancreatic resection with no arterial resection or reconstruction (group 2), and 40 with unresectable tumours who underwent palliative bypass (group 3).

Results

Eighteen patients underwent reconstruction of the hepatic artery, eight of the coeliac trunk and three of the SMA. Additional reconstruction of portal vein was required in 15 patients and of adjacent visceral organs in 19. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0·031 and P = 0·037 respectively). Additional portal vein resection was an independent predictor of morbidity (P < 0·001). Median overall survival was similar for groups 1 and 2 (14·0 versus 15·8 months; P = 0·152), and lower for group 3 (7·5 months; P = 0·028 versus group 1).

Conclusion

In selected patients AEBR can result in overall survival comparable to that obtained with standard resection and better than that after palliative bypass. Nevertheless, AEBR is associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates, counterbalancing the overall gain in survival and limiting the overall oncological benefit.
Sterile radial artery granuloma after transradial procedures
Authors: Zellner Christian , Ports Thomas A. , Yeghiazarians Yerem , Boyle Andrew J.
Published: October 2010

Trans‐radial cardiac catheterization has lower rates of arterial access site complications. Hydrophilic‐coated sheaths designed specifically for trans‐radial procedures have resulted in numerous reports of a foreign body reaction to retained material. Although this is a self‐limited condition that should be managed expectantly, it is often confused with an infected pseudoaneurysm, resulting in unnecessary surgery. We searched the FDA MAUDE (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience) database to determine which brands of sheath have been associated with this complication. In addition, we performed a literature search for all reported cases of this complication. Only one brand of sheath has been associated with this condition. As trans‐radial procedures become more common in the US, knowledge of such complications, which appear to be specific to the Cook radial hydrophilic‐coated sheaths, is imperative for all radial interventionalists to prevent unnecessary surgical procedures. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fully biodegradable septal defect occluder—A double umbrella design
Authors: Duong‐Hong Duc , Tang Yong‐Dan , Wu Wei , Venkatraman Subbu S. , Boey Freddy , Lim James , Yip James
Published: October 2010

Current percutaneous devices for septal defect treatment are made of nondegradable metallic and synthetic fabric materials. These devices are not ideal due to risks of future complications from device erosions and potential obstructed access for future transseptal procedures. The biodegradable double umbrella device was made of fully biodegradable polymers, featured with two discs connected with a stretchable stem. The devices were inserted across the PFO model created on Yorkshire swines through a short sheath by open thoracotomy. Fluoroscopic imaging and echocardiography obtained during the 1‐month follow‐up study period showed that the devices were in stable position with no shunt. The in‐vitro degradation study and post‐mortem explantation confirmed that the devices have good integrity and mechanical strength during the 1‐month trial. Furthermore, the devices appeared to be well endothelialized after 1 month. These results showed clearly that it is feasible to replace the current nondegradable devices with the new generation biodegradable PFO occluders. This work studied and proved the feasibility of interventional closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with a fully biodegradable device, that we call the “double umbrella” (DU) for its symbolic design. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Sequential Iterative Scheme for Design of Experiments in Complex Polymerizations
Authors: Nabifar A. , McManus N. T. , Vivaldo‐Lima E. , Penlidis A.
Published: October 2010

The Bayesian design approach is an experimental design technique which has many advantages over standard experimental designs. It incorporates prior knowledge about the process into the design to suggest a set of future experiments in an optimal, sequential, and iterative fashion. Since for many complex polymerizations prior information is available, either in the form of experimental data or mathematical models, the use of Bayesian design methodology could be beneficial. Exploiting this technique in complex polymerizations could hopefully lead to optimal performance in fewer trials, thus saving time and money. Advantages of the Bayesian design approach are illustrated via case studies drawn from the nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization as an example. However, since this technique is perfectly general, it can be potentially applied to other polymerization variants.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Synthesis of Nanostructured Iron‐Based Fluoride Cathodes for Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Li Chilin , Gu Lin , Tsukimoto Susumu , van Aken Peter A. , Maier Joachim
Published: October 2010

Fe1.9F4.75·0.95H2O is synthesized from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and [bmim][BF4] (50 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Dealloyed PtCu3 Thin Films and Catalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction.
Authors: Yang Ruizhi , Leisch Jennifer , Strasser Peter , Toney Michael F.
Published: October 2010

Dealloyed PtCu3 thin films consisting of a Pt enriched surface region (about 1.0 nm thick corresponding to 4—5 monolayers) and a Cu depleted interior exhibit a 2.4 fold increase in the specific oxygen reduction activity over pure Pt thin films as measured by a rotating disk electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of a Nanosized, Saddle‐Shaped, Solution‐Stable Polyoxometalate Anion Built from Pentagonal Building Blocks: [H34W119Se8Fe2O420] 54‐.
Authors: Yan Jun , Gao Jing , Long De‐Liang , Miras Haralampos N. , Cronin Leroy
Published: October 2010

K44Na10 [H34W119Se8Fe2O420] ·220 H2O is synthesized by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of Na2WO4, Na2SeO3, KCl, and Fe(NO3)3 (AcOH, HCl, pH 1.7; 4% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II)—Bis(isonitrile) Complexes: Novel Catalysts in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Ketones.
Authors: Naik Anu , Maji Tapan , Reiser Oliver
Published: October 2010

Under the optimized conditions, moderate enantioselectivities are observed in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fluorinated Dendritic TsDPEN‐Ru(II) Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Prochiral Ketones in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wang Quanrui
Published: October 2010

The title Ru(II) catalyst is found to be a viable alternative for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions of prochiral ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Chiral Terminal‐Alkene—Phosphine Hybrid Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Liu Zhaoqun , Du Haifeng
Published: October 2010

Enantioselective allylic alkylation, etherification with aliphatic alcohols and amination is carried out using the newly designed phosphine catalysts (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Tributyltin Hydride‐Mediated Radical Cyclization Reactions: Efficient Construction of Multiply Substituted Cyclopentanes.
Authors: Lei Jie , Cui Hai‐Lei , Li Rui , Wu Li , Ding Zheng‐Yu , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2010

A variety of substrates, obtained by allylic—allylic alkylation of α,α‐dicyanoalkenes and Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates, smoothly undergoes intramolecular radical cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dialkyl‐N′‐chlorosulfonyl Chloroformamidines in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 9. Novel Triazolo‐Fused Thiatriazoles and Pyrazolo‐Fused Oxathiazines.
Authors: Forsyth Craig M. , Francis Craig L. , Jahangiri Saba , Liepa Andris J. , Perkins Michael V. , Young Anna P.
Published: October 2010

N,N‐Dialkyl‐N′‐chlorosulfonyl chloroformamidines undergo with various urazoles selective 1,2‐N,N‐dinucleophilic substitution to afford novel triazolo‐fused thiatriazoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 30. A Straightforward Double Intramolecular Cyclization of Dibenzyl Dichalcogenols into a Triple Bond.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Kaname Mamoru , Nakayama Akemi , Suzuki Hirokazu , Minoura Mao
Published: October 2010

Four types of dibenzyl chalcogenols are studied which are formed in situ by the reaction of the corresponding dibromides with sodium hydrogen sulfide, selenide or telluride.
ChemInform Abstract: Halofluorination of Alkenes Using Trihaloisocyanuric Acids and HF·Pyridine.
Authors: Crespo Livia T. C. , Ribeiro Rodrigo da S. , de Mattos Marcio C. S. , Esteves Pierre M.
Published: October 2010

The reaction proceeds regio‐ and stereoselectively to give the Markovnikov‐type products.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Aza‐Michael Reaction in Water: A Remarkably Simple Procedure.
Authors: Kall Andrea , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Banik Bimal K.
Published: October 2010

Reaction between primary and secondary amines, e.g. butylamine, benzylamine, aniline, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and α,β‐unsaturated ketones, unsaturated nitriles or unsaturated esters gives high yields of aza‐Michael products.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐Catalyzed Condensation of Ethyl Diazoacetate to Aldehydes in Water.
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Chakrapani L. , Ramani T. , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: October 2010

Condensation of α‐diazo carbonyl compounds with aldehydes in the presence of pyrrolidine proceeds smoothly in water or mixtures of water and polar solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, THF).
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of Ethers: Metal‐Free Reductive Coupling of Tosylhydrazones with Alcohols or Phenols.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Tomas‐Gamasa Maria , Aznar Fernando , Valdes Carlos
Published: October 2010

A new efficient synthesis of a wide range of ethers, e.g. (III), (V), (VII), is presented, involving the microwave‐assisted reaction of tosylhydrazones with aromatic and aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Scalable Process for Demethylation of 6‐(2,4‐Dimethoxybenzoyl)‐chromen‐2‐one and Other Aryl Methyl Ethers.
Authors: Srivastava Amit , Yang Jason , Zhao Baoshu , Jiang Yong , Blackmon Wade , Kraemer Bernd
Published: October 2010

The described method is easy, high‐yielding and avoids the use of corrosive or moisture‐sensitive reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes. Part 9. Acyclic and Heterocyclic Nitroenamines and Nitroimines from 2‐Nitroperchlorobuta‐1,3‐diene.
Authors: Zapol'skii Viktor A. , Namyslo Jan C. , Gjikaj Mimoza , Kaufmann Dieter E.
Published: October 2010

Title compound (I) is used as potent building block for structurally interesting and physiologically promising nitro‐enamines, ‐imines, ‐amidines, and hydrazines as well as ring closure reaction products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical Diversity Analysis of Bicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐en‐2‐ones.
Authors: Hammill Jared T. , Contreras‐Garcia Julia , Virshup Aaron M. , Beratan David N. , Yang Weitao , Wipf Peter
Published: October 2010

The title compounds are prepared by thiol‐mediated ring‐opening, intramolecular rearrangement reaction of epoxyketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Scalable Process for the Preparation of Bupropion Hydrochloride via Efficient Bromination of m‐Chloropropiophenone with N‐Bromosuccinimide.
Authors: Reddy Y. Thirupathi , Reddy P. Narsimha , Reddy M. Nikhil , Rajitha B. , Crooks Peter A.
Published: October 2010

A convenient, scalable, and commercially viable process for the production of the antidepressant drug bupropion hydrochloride (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Electrochemical Method for the Synthesis of α‐Bromo Alkyl Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Kumar R. Senthil , Kulangiappar K. , Kulandainathan M. Anbu
Published: October 2010

α‐Bromoalkyl carbonyl compounds are produced in high yields by electrochemical bromination of carbonyl compounds by hydrobromic acid in acetonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Carbon Centers by the Lewis Base Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Silyl Ketene Imines to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Wilson Tyler W.
Published: October 2010

Axially chiral bisphorphoramides in the presence of SiCl4 provide an efficient site‐selective approach to nitrile products via the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as an Eco‐Friendly Cyanide Source.
Authors: Li Zheng , Ma Yuanhong , Xu Jun , Shi Jinghong , Cai Hongfang
Published: October 2010

Benzoyl chloride is found to be an efficient promotor for the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines and cyanide ions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Convenient Approach for Tosyloxylation of Aromatic Ring of Some ortho‐Substituted Phenolic Compounds Using [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene.
Authors: Prakash Om , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2010

The novel tosylation of substituted phenols is greatly influenced by the electronic effect and position of the aromatic substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Indanones from Cyclobutanols Using a Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—C/C—H/C—C Bond Activation Process.
Authors: Seiser Tobias , Cathomen Gino , Cramer Nicolai
Published: October 2010

The cleavage of the cyclobutanols proceeds in the presence of a catalyst system including chiral ligand DFP and is followed by cyclization and elimination of the thienyl substituent to provide indanone derivatives with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones from Acetic Acid Derivatives and Imines Using Methoxymethylene‐N,N‐dimethyliminium Salt.
Authors: Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Zarei Maaroof
Published: October 2010

A wide variety of 2‐azetidinones (38 examples) is prepared, including spirocyclic, N‐alkyl, 3‐chloro, and 3‐azido derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Novozym 435‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis and Mitsunobu Reaction for Production of (R)‐γ‐Lactones.
Authors: Shimotori Yasutaka , Miyakoshi Tetsuo
Published: October 2010

With a view to obtaining the naturally occurring (R)‐lactones, the resolution of racemic acetates, e.g. (I), is combined with a Mitsunobu reaction for the inversion of obtained (S)‐alcohols, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Hydroxynitrile Alkylations: Electrophile‐Dependent Stereoselectivity.
Authors: Mycka Robert J. , Steward Omar W. , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: October 2010

The dependence of the diastereoselectivity of the reaction of the starting γ‐hydroxynitriles on the nature of the electrophiles is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel N,N′‐Diacylhydrazine Derivatives Containing Furan.
Authors: Cui Zining , Zhang Li , Huang Juan , Yang Xinling , Ling Yun
Published: October 2010

Some substances exhibit potential activity against selected human cancer cell lines and good larvicidal activity against Mythimna separate (42 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Calix[4]thiophenes and Calix[4]furans.
Authors: Lee Gon‐Ann , Wang Wen‐Chieh , Shieh Minghuey , Kuo Ting‐Shen
Published: October 2010

The reaction of furan or thiophene with ketones (II) followed by dehydration of intermediate alcohols and subsequent NIS‐catalyzed tetramerization of resulting alkenes gives rise to calix[4]furans and calix[4]thiophenes (III), resp., in good overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Cyclohexyl Substituted 3‐Aminopyrrolidine Derivatives as CC Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) Antagonists.
Authors: Lim Jee Woong , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

The 1‐cyclohexyl substituted 3‐aminopyrrolidine derivatives having a morpholine or thiomorpholine at the C‐4 position of the cyclohexyl group (II) are found to be good CCR2 antagonists.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolines Bearing a Benzylic Quaternary Stereocenter Through Intramolecular Arylcyanation of Alkenes.
Authors: Hsieh Jen‐Chieh , Ebata Shiro , Nakao Yoshiaki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: October 2010

Conditions A) in combination with chiral phosphinooxazoline ligands allows the enantioselective preparation of 3,3‐disubstituted indolines, which represent biologically interesting substructures of alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Additions of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Maleimides Catalyzed by Chiral Bifunctional Thiourea—Tertiary Amine.
Authors: Liao Yu‐Hua , Liu Xiong‐Li , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Cun Lin‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: October 2010

The reaction tolerates a variety of substituents at the C3‐ and C5‐positions of the indoles and various N‐substituents in maleimides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid/TiIV‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Enamine—Trifluoropyruvate Condensation—Cyclization Reaction and Its Application to Drug‐Like Heterocycles.
Authors: Ogawa Shinichi , Iida Norihito , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: October 2010

The enantioselective enamine/trifluoropyruvate condensation features the synthesis of a series of fused pyrrole derivatives such as (III), (IX), (XI), or (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ag—TiO2/Clay Composite Photocatalyst for the Oxidation—Cyclization of 1,2‐Diamine Compounds with Propylene Glycol or Alcohols.
Authors: Selvam Kaliyamoorthy , Annadhasan Mari , Velmurugan Rengasamy , Swaminathan Meenakshisundaram
Published: October 2010

The title catalyst is successfully applied to the synthesis of benzimidazoles using solar light or UV‐A.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel β‐Lactam Fused Spiroisoxazolidine Chromanones and Tetralones as Potent Antimicrobial Agent for Human and Plant Pathogens.
Authors: Arumugam Natarajan , Raghunathan Raghavachary , Shanmugaiah Vellaisamy , Mathivanan Narayanasamy
Published: October 2010

The synthesis of the novel β‐lactam fused spiroisoxazolidine tetralone and chromanone ring systems (III) is achieved by intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrone (I) with the unusual dipolarophiles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Fast and Highly Efficient Protocol for Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]isoxazoles (IV) and a New Series of Novel Benzyl Bis‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]isoxazoles (VIII) Using Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids as Catalyst and Green Solvent.
Authors: Rajanarendar Eligeti , Raju Samala , Reddy Atthunuri Siva Rami , Reddy Kundur Govardhan , Reddy Modugu Nagi
Published: October 2010

The ionic liquids play a dual role of green solvent as well as efficient and recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Pseudo‐Five‐Component Synthesis of Bis[2‐(arylimino)‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones].
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Noaparast Zohreh , Sabahno Hamideh , Zohreh Nasrin
Published: October 2010

The title compounds are obtained from aliphatic diamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Amination of 3‐Bromo‐2‐chloropyridine with Various Substituted Aminoethanols.
Authors: Kim Jeong Geun , Yang Eun Hae , Youn Woo Sup , Choi Ji Won , Ha Deok‐Chan , Ha Jae Du
Published: October 2010

The process allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorinated DHPs Derivatives and Their Further Transformations.
Authors: Wang Pengyuan , Song Liping , Yi Hai , Zhang Min , Zhu Shizheng , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min
Published: October 2010

The four‐component reaction proceeds via initial Michael addition and a subsequent intramolecular cyclization to give trifluoromethyl substituted piperidines, which are dehydrated to the corresponding dihydropyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of the Mixed N,S‐Acetals Generated from Homopropargylic Amines; Mechanistic Implication for the Formal Alkyne Prins Reaction.
Authors: Kim Cheoljae , Lim Wontaeck , Rhee Young Ho
Published: October 2010

Cycloisomerization of N,S‐ or N,O‐acetals [(I) or (III), resp.] leads to piperidinones (II), whereas compound (IV) having an additional alkyl group at the propargylic position yields thioether (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxyquinolines.
Authors: Li Jianke , Kung Daniel W. , Griffith David A.
Published: October 2010

Various methyl‐, and chloro‐substituted derivatives are prepared via the Skraup reaction.