bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence in Pacific Islander Traditional Religions
Authors: Trompf Garry
Published: December 2021

An Element on the role of violence in the traditional religions of the Pacific Ilands (Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia) and on violent activity in islander religious life after the opening of Oceania to the modern world. This work covers such issues as tribal warfare, sorcery and witchcraft, traditional punishment and gender imbalance. and moves on to consider reprisals against foreign intruders in the Pacific and the continuation of old types of violence in spite of massive socio-religious change.
A retrospective analysis of community-onset bloodstream infections at a tertiary-care academic hospital in South Africa. Are current empiric antimicrobial practices appropriate?
Authors: Alex Vinitha , Nana Trusha , Chibabhai Vindana
Published: December 2021

Background:

Community-onset bloodstream infection (CO-BSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of locally prevalent pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can promptly guide appropriate empiric therapy and improve outcomes.

Objectives:

We sought to determine the epidemiology of CO-BSI, the blood culture positivity rate and the contamination rate. We also sought to establish appropriateness of current empiric antimicrobial therapy practices.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed blood cultures taken from January 2015 to December 2019 at the emergency departments (EDs) of a tertiary-care academic hospital in South Africa using extracted laboratory data.

Results:

The overall positivity rate of blood cultures taken at the EDs was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.16) and the contamination rate was 7% (95% CI, 0.06–0.07). Gram-positive bacteria predominated in the pediatric cohort: neonates, 52 (54%) of 96; infants, 57 (52%) of 109; older children, 63 (61%) of 103. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen among older children: 30 (35%) of 85. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated among adults and the elderly: 225 (21%) of 1,060 and 62 (29%) of 214, respectively. Among neonates, the susceptibility of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin was 17 (68%) of 25. Among adults, the susceptibility of the 5 most common pathogens to amoxicillin-clavulanate was 426 (78%) of 546 and their susceptibility to ceftriaxone was 481 (85%) of 565 (P = .20). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were low among all age groups.

Conclusions:

Review of blood culture collection techniques is warranted to reduce the contamination rate. High rates of resistance to currently prescribed empiric antimicrobial agents for CO-BSI warrants a re-evaluation of local guidelines.
Impact of foreign domestic workers on the fertility decision of households: evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Nakamura Nobuyuki , Suzuki Aya
Published: December 2021

A potential solution to low fertility is the employment of foreign domestic workers (FDWs), who substitute child-rearing and housework duties, thus reducing child-rearing costs. Recent studies argue that the flow of low-skilled foreign workers into the childcare sector influences fertility choice. However, these studies mainly use the availability of FDWs in the local area as the causal inference and focus on Western countries, making it difficult to identify individual direct effects or generalize the findings to other countries. To bridge this research gap and examine the impacts, this study uses household data from the Hong Kong census. Employing ordinary least squares, the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, and the instrumental variable approach, we find that households that employ live-in FDWs give birth to more children. Moreover, the heterogeneous analysis reveals that women's greater proportional contribution to household income has a positive impact on households' fertility response after employing the FDWs.
Mechanical complications of central venous catheters in children: A cohort study
Authors: Moore Kieran J. , Greencorn David , Smith Nadine , Langley Joanne M. , Kulkarni Ketan
Published: December 2021

Background:

Despite the numerous advantages of central venous catheters (CVCs), they have been associated with a variety of complications. Surveillance for mechanical complications of CVCs is not routine, so the true incidence and impact of this adverse patient outcome remains unclear.

Setting and methods:

Prospectively collected CVC data on mechanical complications were reviewed from a centralized database for all in-hospital patient days at our tertiary-care hospital from January 2001 to June 2016 in patients aged <19 years. Patient demographics, CVC characteristics, and rates of mechanical complications per 1,000 days of catheter use were described.

Results:

In total, 8,747 CVCs were placed in 5,743 patients during the study period, which captured 780,448 catheter days. The overall mechanical complication rate was 6.1 per 1,000 catheter days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9–6.3). The highest complication rates were in nontunneled lines; this was consistent throughout the 15-year study period. Also, 521 CVCs (∼6%) were removed due to mechanical complications before therapy termination. Catheters with tip location in the superior vena cava or right atrium had the fewest complications.

Conclusions:

Mechanical complications of CVCs are a common and significant event in the pediatric population. We propose that CVC-associated mechanical complications become a routinely reported patient safety outcome.
Satisfaction with the Police in Chile: The Importance of Legitimacy and Fair Treatment
Authors: Dammert Lucía , Elorrieta Felipe , Alda Erik
Published: December 2021

This study addresses a void in the literature on public attitudes toward police in Latin America. It integrates three theoretical models of the determinants of citizen satisfaction with police work in Chile: demographic, quality of life in the neighborhood, and experiential. The study tested the integrated model using a novel random sample of 996 individuals living in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. The results underscore the importance of legitimacy centered on fair treatment, respect for human rights, and the perception that the police represent society. The findings are also significant for the Chilean institutional political process and for the Latin American police reform debate.
Uniform perfectness of the Berkovich Julia sets in non-archimedean dynamics
Authors: OKUYAMA YÛSUKE
Published: December 2021

We show that a rational function f of degree
$>1$
on the projective line over an algebraically closed field that is complete with respect to a non-trivial and non-archimedean absolute value has no potentially good reductions if and only if the Berkovich Julia set of f is uniformly perfect. As an application, a uniform regularity of the boundary of each Berkovich Fatou component of f is also established.
On the Politics of Decadent Rebellion: Beardsley, Japonisme, Rococo
Authors: Teukolsky Rachel
Published: December 2021

The graphic designer Aubrey Beardsley created perverse, grotesque illustrations that encapsulate our sense of decadent visuality. This essay explores Beardsley's use of foreign styles, specifically those of nineteenth-century Japan and eighteenth-century France. Looking at Beardsley's illustrations for Salomé (1893) and The Rape of the Lock (1895), the essay argues that the Japanese and French stylistic influences are actually connected, despite their diverse geographies and temporalities. Studying both styles together reveals the ways that decadence embraced hierarchy and the inequality of persons, wielding a surprisingly normative politics of racial and cultural otherness to produce a Victorian counterculture. Decadence harnessed these familiar imperial-era attitudes in strange ways, using models of taboo difference to create a transgressive aesthetics that moved toward both embodiment and abstraction.
GALAXY CRUISE: Accessible Big Data of the Subaru Telescope for Citizen Astronomers
Authors: Usuda-Sato Kumiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Koike Michitaro , Shibata Junko , Naito Seiichiro , Yamaoka Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

The Universe is full of galaxies of various shapes; some galaxies have spiral arms and others don’t. Why do galaxies show such diversity? How were galaxies formed and evolved? Galaxies are thought to grow by interacting and merging with other galaxies, and the galaxy mergers may be the key process creating the variety. GALAXY CRUISE is the first citizen science project conducted by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) to unlock galaxies’ secrets using the big observational data. We made the superior quality big data taken by the Subaru Telescope accessible to the public and invited them to participate in data classification. Here we report how we designed the website and its first-year progress.
A German Adaptation of the Prosociality Scale
Authors: Fassbender Ina , Luhmann Maike
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Introduction: This paper presents a German translation of the 16-item Prosociality Scale. We analyzed its factor structure based on theoretical assumptions regarding the inclusion of empathy as one element of prosociality or as its underlying construct. Methods and Results: We translated the items into German taking into account both the English and the Italian item wordings. The scale's factor structure was analyzed with three models testing (1) unidimensionality, (2) a four-factor structure with four items on each factor, and (3) a variant of a bifactor model with a general factor including all items and three residual factors with four items each. We analyzed construct validity using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Finally, we identified two 13-item versions with good model fit. Conclusion: The German Prosociality Scale is not unidimensional. Empathy seems to be the underlying construct of prosociality, but it can also be considered an element of prosociality.
Graupel Precipitating From Thin Arctic Clouds With Liquid Water Paths Less Than 50 g m−2
Authors: Fitch Kyle E. , Garrett Timothy J.
Published: December 2021

Rimed precipitation growth can efficiently remove moisture and aerosols from the boundary layer, yet thin low‐level Arctic mixed‐phase clouds are generally thought to precipitate pristine and aggregated ice crystals. Here we present automated surface photographic measurements showing that only 34% of precipitation particles exhibit negligible riming and that graupel particlesin diameter commonly fall from clouds with liquid water paths less than 50 g m−2. Analyses indicate that significant riming enhancement can occur provided sustained updrafts of 0.4 m s−1, consistent with those measured in Arctic clouds. A Lagrangian numerical simulation that tracks falling particles suggests that similar updraft speeds can account for about one half of the observed riming enhancement. Riming enhancement appears particularly likely when weak temperature inversions are observed at cloud top, but a full explanation remains to be determined.
Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin
Authors: Wu Xue , Hoffmann Lars , Wright Corwin J. , Hindley Neil P. , Kalisch Silvio , Alexander M. Joan , Wang Yinan
Published: December 2021

We conducted simulations with a 4‐km resolution for Hurricane Joaquin in 2015 using the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The model data are used to study stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) generated by the hurricane and how they correlate with hurricane intensity. The simulation results show spiral GWs propagating upward and anticlockwise away from the hurricane center. GWs with vertical wavelengths up to 14 km are generated. We find that GW activity is more frequent and intense during hurricane intensification than during weakening, particularly for the most intense GW activity. There are significant correlations between the change of stratospheric GW intensity and hurricane intensity. Therefore, the emergence of intensive stratospheric GW activity may be considered a useful proxy for identifying hurricane intensification.
Microstructural impacts on ionic conductivity of oxide solid electrolytes from a combined atomistic-mesoscale approach
Authors: Heo Tae Wook , Grieder Andrew , Wang Bo , Wood Marissa , Hsu Tim , Akhade Sneha A. , Wan Liwen F. , Chen Long-Qing , Adelstein Nicole , Wood Brandon C.
Published: December 2021

Although multiple oxide-based solid electrolyte materials with intrinsically high ionic conductivities have emerged, practical processing and synthesis routes introduce grain boundaries and other interfaces that can perturb primary conduction channels. To directly probe these effects, we demonstrate an efficient and general mesoscopic computational method capable of predicting effective ionic conductivity through a complex polycrystalline oxide-based solid electrolyte microstructure without relying on simplified equivalent circuit description. We parameterize the framework for Li7-xLa3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet solid electrolyte by combining synthetic microstructures from phase-field simulations with diffusivities from molecular dynamics simulations of ordered and disordered systems. Systematically designed simulations reveal an interdependence between atomistic and mesoscopic microstructural impacts on the effective ionic conductivity of polycrystalline LLZO, quantified by newly defined metrics that characterize the complex ionic transport mechanism. Our results provide fundamental understanding of the physical origins of the reported variability in ionic conductivities based on an extensive analysis of literature data, while simultaneously outlining practical design guidance for achieving desired ionic transport properties based on conditions for which sensitivity to microstructural features is highest. Additional implications of our results are discussed, including a possible connection between ion conduction behavior and dendrite formation.
Quantum communication with itinerant surface acoustic wave phonons
Authors: Dumur É. , Satzinger K. J. , Peairs G. A. , Chou M.-H. , Bienfait A. , Chang H.-S. , Conner C. R. , Grebel J. , Povey R. G. , Zhong Y. P. , Cleland A. N.
Published: December 2021

Surface acoustic waves are commonly used in classical electronics applications, and their use in quantum systems is beginning to be explored, as evidenced by recent experiments using acoustic Fabry–Pérot resonators. Here we explore their use for quantum communication, where we demonstrate a single-phonon surface acoustic wave transmission line, which links two physically separated qubit nodes. Each node comprises a microwave phonon transducer, an externally controlled superconducting variable coupler, and a superconducting qubit. Using this system, precisely shaped individual itinerant phonons are used to coherently transfer quantum information between the two physically distinct quantum nodes, enabling the high-fidelity node-to-node transfer of quantum states as well as the generation of a two-node Bell state. We further explore the dispersive interactions between an itinerant phonon emitted from one node and interacting with the superconducting qubit in the remote node. The observed interactions between the phonon and the remote qubit promise future quantum-optics-style experiments with itinerant phonons.
Electron-phonon decoupling in two dimensions
Authors: McArdle George , Lerner Igor V.
Published: December 2021

In order to observe many-body localisation in electronic systems, decoupling from the lattice phonons is required, which is possible only in out-of-equilibrium systems. We show that such an electron-phonon decoupling may happen in suspended films and it manifests itself via a bistability in the electron temperature. By studying the electron-phonon cooling rate in disordered, suspended films with two-dimensional phonons, we derive the conditions needed for such a bistability, which can be observed experimentally through hysteretic jumps of several orders of magnitude in the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. We demonstrate that such a regime is achievable in systems with an Arrhenius form of the equilibrium conductivity, while practically unreachable in materials with Mott or Efros–Shklovskii hopping.
High sensitivity detection of tumor cells in biological samples using a multivalent aptamer strand displacement strategy
Authors: Xu Jieru , Xiang Jiahui , Chen Jialing , Wan Tao , Deng Hongli , Li Dairong
Published: December 2021

The multivalent structure-switching AS1411 aptamer probe based on the displacement strand duplex strategy (designated as “Multi-AS1411 ADSD”) was developed for the first time, and is a novel detection strategy for cancer cells.
Exploration of α/β/γ-peptidomimetics design for BH3 helical domains
Authors: Shin Young-Hee , Yang Hyunjun
Published: December 2021

Helical α/β/γ-peptidomimetics in an αγααβα-hexad repeat competes out the Bak peptide from Bcl-xL with significant resistance towards proteolytic digestion.
Supramolecular gating of TADF process in self-assembled nano-spheres for high-resolution OLED applications
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Yu , Sánchez Rafael S. , Raffy Guillaume , Shyue Jing-Jong , Hirsch Lionel , Del Guerzo André , Wong Ken-Tsung , Bassani Dario M.
Published: December 2021

Supramolecular engineering is employed to spontaneously generate sub-micron-sized vesicles from TADF chromophores for OLED applications.
Factors that affect volume change during electrochemical cycling in cathode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Jiahua , Chen Taowen , Lin Weicheng , Zheng Jiaxin
Published: December 2021

With first principles calculations, volume behaviors of typical lithium intercalation cathodes during delithiation are investigated and the factors involved are unraveled.
Design of multifunctional spin logic gates based on manganese porphyrin molecules connected to graphene electrodes
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Zhang Guang-Ping , Li Zong-Liang , Fu Xiao-Xiao , Wang Chuan-Kui , Wang Minglang
Published: December 2021

A multifarious molecular spin logic device composed of two Mn porphyrin molecules connected to each other via a six-carbon atomic chain was designed using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory.
Aromaticity-promoted CS2 activation by heterocycle-bridged P/N-FLPs: a comparative DFT study with CO2 capture
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhuang Danling , Qiu Rulin , Zhu Jun
Published: December 2021

Aromaticity plays an important role in CS2 capture as it stabilizes both the transition states and products in heterocycle-bridged FLPs.
A bright future for engineering piezoelectric 2D crystals
Authors: Sherrell Peter C. , Fronzi Marco , Shepelin Nick A. , Corletto Alexander , Winkler David A. , Ford Mike , Shapter Joseph G. , Ellis Amanda V.
Published: December 2021

We explore piezoelectricity in 2D crystals, envisioning assessment, prediction, and engineering 2D piezoelectricity via chemical, computational, and physical approaches.
Evolution of a solid electrolyte interphase enabled by FeNX/C catalysts for sodium-ion storage
Authors: Xia Huicong , Zan Lingxing , Qu Gan , Tu Yunchuan , Dong Hongliang , Wei Yifan , Zhu Kaixin , Yu Yue , Hu Yongfeng , Deng Dehui , Zhang Jianan
Published: December 2021

The reversible conversion reaction of a SEI was enabled by FeNX catalysts, which provided novel avenues for designing anode materials. Furthermore, a large number of spin-polarized electrons were stored in the already-reduced Fe species.
Porous organic nanofiber polymers as superfast adsorbents for capturing pharmaceutical contaminants from water
Authors: Ravi Seenu , Choi Yujin , Wu Shiliang , Xiao Rui , Bae Youn-Sang
Published: December 2021

A novel porous organic nanofiber (PONF) was synthesized for effective removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from water with superfast adsorption kinetics.
Evaluation of parameters governing dark and photo-repair in UVC-irradiated Escherichia coli
Authors: Maghsoodi Mostafa , Lowry Grace L. , Smith Ian M. , Snow Samuel D.
Published: December 2021

After decades of UV disinfection practice and research, recent advances in UV light emitting diode (LED) technologies prompt renewed attention to bacterial reactivation and regrowth processes after UV exposure.
Isolation and characterization of psychrotolerant denitrifying bacteria for improvement of nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors treating agricultural drainage water at low temperature
Authors: Jéglot Arnaud , Schnorr Kirk Matthew , Sørensen Sebastian Reinhold , Elsgaard Lars
Published: December 2021

Nitrate removal was enhanced by the addition of isolated and pre-grown psychrotolerant denitrifiers at low temperature (5 °C).
De novo biosynthesis of sex pheromone components of Helicoverpa armigera through an artificial pathway in yeast
Authors: Jiang Yuguo , Ma Jiangfan , Wei Yongjun , Liu Yining , Zhou Zhihua , Huang Yongping , Wang Pingping , Yan Xing
Published: December 2021

The total biosynthesis of Helicoverpa armigera aldehyde sex pheromones were firstly realized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which elicited significant behavioral responses of armigera male adults.
Growth direction dependent separate-channel charge transport in the organic weak charge-transfer co-crystal of anthracene–DTTCNQ
Authors: Jiang Hui , Ye Jun , Hu Peng , Zhu Shengli , Liang Yanqin , Cui Zhenduo , Kloc Christian , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2021

The joint experimental and theoretical work suggests that co-crystallization can be a viable tool to design organic co-crystals with tunable ambipolar charge transport properties.
Ultrafast and stable phase transition realized in MoTe2-based memristive devices
Authors: He Hui-Kai , Jiang Yong-Bo , Yu Jun , Yang Zi-Yan , Li Chao-Fan , Wang Ting-Ze , Dong De-Quan , Zhuge Fu-Wei , Xu Ming , Hu Zhi-Yi , Yang Rui , Miao Xiang-Shui
Published: December 2021

An electric-field induced phase transition between semiconducting 2H and metallic 1T′ phases in a MoTe2 device is demonstrated for the first time. The phase transition exhibits faster switching compared with phase-change random-access memory (PCRAM), and shows more controllable switching than conventional memristive devices.
Synthesis of rearranged indole diterpenes of the paxilline type
Authors: Schatz Devon J. , Kuenstner Eric J. , George David T. , Pronin Sergey V.
Published: December 2021

Paxilline indole diterpenes have fascinated chemists for the past several decades. This review highlights the diversity of strategies and tactics that have been employed in the corresponding area of organic synthesis, from inception to the present.
Photoregulative phase change biomaterials showing thermodynamic and mchanical stabilities
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gu Jingjing , Luo Xiliang , Tang Zhenyu , Qu Yang , Zhang Chenghao , Liu Han , Liu Jishuai , Xie Congxia , Wu Zhongtao
Published: December 2021

By forming a locked cis-state, the designed azobenzene-containing surfactant maintains the isotropic liquid state of DNA materials after ceasing UV light, which shows resistance to thermal and mechanical stimuli but sensitivity to Vis light.
Metallo-boranes: a class of unconventional superhalogens defying electron counting rules
Authors: Banjade Huta , Fang Hong , Jena Puru
Published: December 2021

A class of unconventional superhalogens by dopingcloso-boranes with selected metal atoms.
Organogel-assisted porous organic polymer embedding Cu NPs for selectivity control in the semi hydrogenation of alkynes
Authors: Paul Ratul , Shit Subhash Chandra , Singh Arunima , Wong Roong Jien , Dao Duy Quang , Joseph Boby , Liu Wen , Bhattacharya Saswata , Mondal John
Published: December 2021

Product selectivity in catalytic semi hydrogenation of alkynes could be controlled by offering a steric hindrance effect through organogel-assisted porous-organic-polymer (POP) supported Cu catalysts (Cu@TpRb-POP).
3D printed cellulose based product applications
Authors: Firmanda Afrinal , Syamsu Khaswar , Sari Yessie Widya , Cabral Jaydee , Pletzer Daniel , Mahadik Bhushan , Fisher John , Fahma Farah
Published: December 2021

3D printed cellulose can be applied to various fields, such as packaging, paper, construction, automotive and aerospace, separator, biomedical, electronic, sensor, and living ink applications.
Iron-catalyzed decarboxylative and oxidative decarbonylative cross-coupling: a new strategy for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Ge Meng-Yuan , Tao Ting-Hua , Sun Xiao-Mei , Gao Meng-Ting , Bao Shu-Ting , Liu Qi-Le , Xia Ze-Jie , Xia Jing
Published: December 2021

Herein, an iron(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative and oxidative decarbonylative cross-coupling of α-fluoro cinnamic acids with aliphatic aldehydes is presented.
High performance of the flow-type one-compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using buckypaper and narrow fuel pathway under physiological conditions
Authors: Jeon Sieun , An Heeyeon , Chung Yongjin
Published: December 2021

Flow-type membraneless hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is fabricated using buckypaper-based electrodes and eddy-inducing cell structure.
Hsa_circ_0076931 suppresses malignant biological properties, down-regulates miR-6760-3p through direct binding, and up-regulates CCBE1 in glioma
Authors: Ke Yanbin , Su Shixing , Duan Chuanzhi , Wang Yezhong , Cao Guobin , Fang Zelu , Tuo Yonghua , Li Wei , Wang Zhaotao , Zhang Shizhen
Published: December 2021

The function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in gliomas is as yet unknown. The present study explored role of hsa_circ_0076931 in glioma. circRNA expression profiles were identified via RNA-seq followed by qRT-PCR validation in three pairs of glioma and normal brain tissues (NBT). The function of hsa_circ_0076931 was investigated in vitro using cell lines as well as in vivo using a xenograft tumor. Hsa_circ_0076931 was up-regulated by overexpression and an mRNA profile compared with wild-type was identified by RNA-seq. The relationship between miR-6760-3p and hsa_circ_0076931 or CCBE1 was confirmed via luciferase reporter or AGO2-RIP assays. A total of 507 circRNAs were identified in glioma tissues that were differentially expressed compared with that in NBT, and the sequencing data were deposited in BioProject (ID: PRJNA746438). Hsa_circ_0007694 and hsa_circ_0008016 were memorably increased whereas hsa_circ_0076931 and hsa_circ_0076948 decreased in glioma compared with those in NBT. Additionally, hsa_circ_0076931 expression was negatively correlated with histological grade. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0076931 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis of glioma cells. A total of 4383 and 537 aberrantly expressed genes were identified between the hsa_circ_0076931-overexpressed and control groups in H4 and U118-MG cells, respectively; the sequencing data were deposited in BioProject (ID: PRJNA746438). These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways. In addition, elevated hsa_circ_0076931 levels induced the expression of CCBE1 while suppressing miR-6760-3p expression. miR-6760-3p can bind to hsa_circ_0076931. The experimental evidence supports using hsa_circ_0076931 as a marker for glioma and to help prevent malignant progression. The mechanism might be relevant to miR-6760-3p and CCBE1.
Multiprofessionelles Schockraumtraining –Erste Hilfe für Helfer
Authors: Heide Constanze
Published: December 2021

Üben, üben, üben – um im Schockraum eine qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung zu gewährleisten, müssen Standards und definierte Abläufe trainiert werden. Denn bei der Notfallversorgung kommt es darauf an, dass alle Berufsgruppen reibungslos kooperieren, jeder Handgriff muss sitzen. Wie es gelingt, die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu optimieren, lesen Sie im Schwerpunkt.
Warum sich in der Halswirbelsäule auch bei Osteoporose nur selten Insuffizienzfrakturen finden
Authors: Schröder Guido , Hiepe Laura , Moritz Mario , Vivell Laura-Marie , Schulze Marko , Martin Heiner , Götz Andreas , Andresen Julian Ramin , Kullen Claus-Maximilian , Andresen Reimer , Schober Hans-Christof
Published: December 2021

Einleitung Mit zunehmendem Alter verändert sich die Struktur des Knochens. Für seine Festigkeit sind sowohl Material- als auch Struktureigenschaften von Bedeutung. Trotz des Alterns
der Gesellschaft liegen jedoch zu diesen Parametern für Menschen im Greisenalter kaum Daten vor. Deshalb werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit Spongiosazylinder von Halswirbelkörper III
bis Lendenwirbelkörper V aus den jeweiligen Zentren der Wirbelkörper im Hinblick auf Knochenvolumenanteil, Trabekeldicke, Separation, Anzahl der Trabekeln, Quervernetzung, Verbindungsdichte
und Grad der Anisotropie untersucht.

Material und Methoden Mittels einer Jamshidi-Nadel wurden aus 440 Kadaverwirbeln Proben gewonnen und unter Einsatz der Mikrocomputertomografie analysiert. Bestehende Deformitäten,
Frakturen und der Knochenmineralgehalt jedes Wirbels wurden in der quantitativen Computertomografie erfasst.

Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich der Mikrocomputertomografie-Parameter zeigten sich statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Abschnitten der Wirbelsäule: Die Trabekeln
der Halswirbelsäule waren signifikant dicker und standen dichter beisammen als in der Brust- und der Lendenwirbelsäule. Der Knochenvolumenanteil war wie die Verbindungsdichte sowie die
Anzahl der Trabekeln und der Quervernetzungen in diesem Wirbelsäulenabschnitt signifikant höher. Darüber hinaus fiel der Grad der Anisotropie in der Halswirbelsäule signifikant geringer aus
als in den anderen Wirbelsäulenabschnitten. Bezüglich der quantitativen Computertomografie ergab sich in den Halswirbeln ein signifikant höherer Knochenmineralgehalt.

Schlussfolgerung Auch bei vorliegender Osteoporose brechen Halswirbelkörper aufgrund ihrer einzigartigen Mikroarchitektur und höheren Dichte deutlich später als Brust- und
Lendenwirbelkörper, eine Spezifität der Halswirbelsäule ist somit gegeben.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der Insulinwirkung auf den Stoffwechsel
Authors: Leippert Claudia
Published: December 2021

Auf der diesjährigen VDBD-Tagung, die Diabetesfachkräften ein wissenschaftliches Update zu einem breiten Spektrum an Themen bot, diskutierte Prof. Dr. André Kleinridders von der Universität Potsdam ein überaus aktuelles Thema „Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der Insulinwirkung und das Zusammenspiel von Nährstoffen und Insulin im zentralen Nervensystem“. Die Inhalte dieses Vortrages sind im Folgenden zusammengefasst.
Does Clear Aligner Treatment Result in Different Patient Perceptions of Treatment Process and Outcomes Compared to Conventional/Traditional Fixed Appliance Treatment: A Literature Review
Authors: Ben Gassem Afnan A.
Published: December 2021

This study sought to systematically review the literature to determine whether clear aligner treatment results in different patient perceptions of treatment process and outcomes compared with conventional fixed appliance treatment. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that examined differences in patient perceptions between clear aligners and conventional fixed appliance treatment. Studies were identified through searching relevant terms using PubMed and Embase. Following review of identified articles, key information about the studies including study design, setting, comparison groups, sample size/response rate, study location, primary outcomes, and statistical tests used were extracted. A total of 13 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria for this study. These studies described a variety of outcomes which were divided into two broad categories: treatment process (pain, chewing, speech, daily routine, etc.) and treatment outcomes (satisfaction level, smile outcome perceptions, etc.). There was the strongest evidence that clear aligners had a positive impact with respect to treatment process compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. This study highlights that clear aligners may be effective for improving treatment-process-related outcomes among orthodontic patients. More studies need to be conducted to determine whether clear aligners have a beneficial impact with respect to treatment outcomes.
Utilizing the Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 for Combating SARS-COV- 2 Viral Load in Saliva: an In Silico Analysis
Authors: Nireeksha Nireeksha , Gollapalli Pavan , Varma Sudhir Rama , Hegde Mithra N. , Kumari N. Suchetha
Published: December 2021

Limiting the spread of virus during the recent pandemic outbreak was a major challenge. Viral loads in saliva, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were the major cause for droplet transmission and aerosols. Saliva being the major contributor for the presence of viral load is the major key factor; various mouthwashes and their combination were analyzed and utilized in health care centers to hamper the spread of virus and decrease viral load. The compositions of these mouthwashes to an extent affected the viral load and thereby transmission, but there is always a scope for other protocols which may provide better results. Here we evaluated the potential of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in decreasing the viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through an in silico work and evidence from other studies. This narrative review highlighted a brief nonsystematic methodology to include the selected articles for discussion. Accessible electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and PubMed) were used to find studies that reported the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2 published between December 2019 and June 2021. The following keywords were utilized for brief searching of the databases: “saliva,” “viral load,” and “SARS-CoV-2.” Articles in English language, in vitro cell-line studies, ex vivo studies, and clinical trials explaining the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and strategies to decrease viral load were included in this review. The search was complemented by manual searching of the reference lists of included articles and performing a citation search for any additional reviews. The antiviral potential of cationic host defense peptide LL-37 was evaluated using computational approaches providing in silico evidence. The analysis of docking studies and the display of positive interfacial hydrophobicity of LL-37 resulting in disruption of COVID-19 viral membrane elucidate the fact that LL-37 could be effective against all variants of SARS-CoV-2. Further experimental studies would be needed to confirm the binding of the receptor-binding domain with LL-37. The possibility of using it in many forms further to decrease the viral load by disrupting the viral membrane is seen.
Trauma-Induced Rupture of Liver Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Cause of Anaphylactic Shock
Authors: Khaled Charif , Kachi Antoine
Published: December 2021

Hydatid disease is rare; nevertheless, several areas of the world are endemic. Lebanon is one of the endemic countries. This disease requires careful management, as its diagnosis is tough, and its complications are severe and can lead to sudden death. These complications include fistulas, infection, and rupture. Rupture of a hydatid cyst can mimic acute abdomen and show an array of nonspecific symptoms. It could be mistaken for hemorrhagic shock, trauma, or injury to an intra-abdominal organ. The diagnosis of ruptured hydatid cyst should be kept in mind in cattle-raising countries. We report the case of a polytrauma patient who was suspected to have severe intra-abdominal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock, but imaging and laparotomy showed the rupture of a liver hydatid cyst that drove the patient into anaphylactic shock. This article reviews similar cases in the literature and discusses the diagnostic tools, appropriate management, and expected complications.
Mathematical and computational modeling of flexoelectricity
Authors: Codony D. , Mocci A. , Barceló-Mercader J. , Arias I.
Published: December 2021

We first revisit the mathematical modeling of the flexoelectric effect in the context of continuum mechanics at infinitesimal deformations. We establish and clarify the relation between the different formulations, point out theoretical and numerical issues related to the resulting boundary value problems, and present the natural extension to finite deformations. We then present a simple B-spline based computational technique to numerically solve the associated boundary value problems, which can be extended to handle unfitted meshes, hence allowing for arbitrarily-shaped geometries. Several numerical examples illustrate the flexoelectric effect in simple benchmark setups, as well as in new flexoelectric devices and metamaterials engineered for sensing or actuation.
Dynamics of disordered Tavis–Cummings and Holstein–Tavis–Cummings models
Authors: Sun Kewei , Dou Cunzhi , Gelin Maxim F. , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2021

By employing the time-dependent variational principle and the versatile multi-D2 Davydov trial states, in combination with the Green’s function method, we study the dynamics of the Tavis–Cummings model and the Holstein–Tavis–Cummings model in the presence of diagonal disorder and cavity–qubit coupling disorder. For the Tavis–Cummings model, time evolution of the photon population, the optical absorption spectra, and the hetero-entanglement between the qubits and the cavity mode are calculated by using the Green’s function method to corroborate numerically exact results of Davydov’s Ansätze. For the Holstein–Tavis–Cummings model, only the latter is utilized to simulate effects of disorder on the photon population dynamics and the absorption spectra. We have demonstrated that the complementary employment of analytical and numerical methods permits uncovering a fairly comprehensive picture of a variety of complex behaviors in disordered multidimensional polaritonic cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale dielectric, electrochemical, and ferroelectric surface properties of van der Waals layered ferroelectric via advanced SPM
Authors: Checa M. , Neumayer S. M. , Susner M. A. , McGuire M. A. , Maksymovych P. , Collins L.
Published: December 2021

Ferroelectric surfaces involve a complex interplay between polarization and dielectric properties, internal and external surface charge screening, and ionic and electrochemical effects. There is currently no good way to simultaneously capture all the required information at appropriate length scales. To this end, we present an advanced scanning probe microscopy approach for simultaneously mapping surface potential, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties on the nanoscale. For quantitatively mapping electromechancial properties, we utilize interferometric displacement sensing piezoresponse force microscopy, which measures the effective piezoelectric coefficient free of background artifacts such as the cantilever body electrostatics. The dielectric and surface electrochemical properties are captured during G-mode electrostatic force microscopy/Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in the lift mode. We show the capabilities of this approach on the chemically phase separated composite sample consisting of a van der Waals layered ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase and a non-polar In4/3P2S6 phase. Finally, we demonstrate domain structure evolution during thermally stimulated phase transition.
Prospects for sustainable use of the pastoral areas of Australia’s southern rangelands: a synthesis
Authors: Hacker Ronald B. , McDonald Sarah E.
Published: December 2021

There is growing recognition of the need to achieve land use across the southern Australian rangelands that accommodates changing societal preferences and ensures the capacity of future generations to satisfy their own preferences. This paper considers the prospects for sustainable use of the pastoral lands based either on continued grazing or emerging, alternative land uses. After an overview of the southern rangelands environment, the status of the pastoral industry, its environmental impacts, and key issues for pastoral management, we propose four principles and 19 associated guidelines for sustainable pastoralism. Although some continued withdrawal of land from pastoralism is anticipated, we expect that pastoralism will continue throughout much of the region currently grazed, particularly in the higher rainfall environments in the east. Within these areas, sustainable pastoral land use should be achievable by the application of four broad management principles, as follows: (1) manage grazing within a risk management framework based on the concept of tactical grazing, (2) develop infrastructure to allow best management of both domestic and non-domestic grazing pressure, (3) incorporate management of invasive native scrub, where required, into overall, ongoing property management and (4) manage grazing to enhance biodiversity conservation at landscape scale. Application of these principles and guidelines will require the development of appropriate policy settings, particularly in relation to kangaroo management, climate change, and natural resource governance, together with innovative approaches to research, development and extension. Policy development will also be required if the new industry of carbon sequestration is to deliver socio-ecological benefits without perverse outcomes. Other emerging industries based on renewable energy or ecosystem services appear to have considerable potential, with little risk of adverse ecological consequences.
Response of an Afro-Palearctic bird migrant to glaciation cycles
Authors: Thorup Kasper , Pedersen Lykke , da Fonseca Rute R. , Naimi Babak , Nogués-Bravo David , Krapp Mario , Manica Andrea , Willemoes Mikkel , Sjöberg Sissel , Feng Shaohong , Chen Guangji , Rey-Iglesia Alba , Campos Paula F. , Beyer Robert , Araújo Miguel B. , Hansen Anders J. , Zhang Guojie , Tøttrup Anders P. , Rahbek Carsten
Published: December 2021

Significance

We combine tracks of a long-distance migratory bird with high–temporal resolution climate data to reconstruct habitat availability month by month for the past 120,000 y. The seasonal changes of suitable habitat in the past imply that continued seasonal migration was necessary during the glacial maxima. Genomic-based estimates of effective population size indicate that more generally migratory lifestyles can be beneficially adapted to various climatic conditions. Our results provide a major step forward in understanding how migratory species will fare in the future and have important implications for how we understand the role of migration in the distribution of species and potentially speciation.
Ethics and society review: Ethics reflection as a precondition to research funding
Authors: Bernstein Michael S. , Levi Margaret , Magnus David , Rajala Betsy A. , Satz Debra , Waeiss Quinn
Published: December 2021

Researchers in areas as diverse as computer science and political science must increasingly navigate the possible risks of their research to society. However, the history of medical experiments on vulnerable individuals influenced many research ethics reviews to focus exclusively on risks to human subjects rather than risks to human society. We describe an Ethics and Society Review board (ESR), which fills this moral gap by facilitating ethical and societal reflection as a requirement to access grant funding: Researchers cannot receive grant funding from participating programs until the researchers complete the ESR process for their proposal. Researchers author an initial statement describing their proposed research’s risks to society, subgroups within society, and globally and commit to mitigation strategies for these risks. An interdisciplinary faculty panel iterates with the researchers to refine these risks and mitigation strategies. We describe a mixed-method evaluation of the ESR over 1 y, in partnership with an artificial intelligence grant program run by Stanford HAI. Surveys and interviews of researchers who interacted with the ESR found 100% (95% CI: 87 to 100%) were willing to continue submitting future projects to the ESR, and 58% (95% CI: 37 to 77%) felt that it had influenced the design of their research project. The ESR panel most commonly identified issues of harms to minority groups, inclusion of diverse stakeholders in the research plan, dual use, and representation in datasets. These principles, paired with possible mitigation strategies, offer scaffolding for future research designs.
Stressed-out yeast do not pass GO
Authors: Coller Hilary A.
Published: December 2021

Using microfluidics and imaging, Argüello-Miranda et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103171) monitor the response of individual yeast cells to nutrient withdrawal. They discover that cells arrest not only in the early G1 phase as expected, but also later in the cell cycle, and that Xbp1 is critical for arrest at other cell cycle phases.
Sparse sampling and reconstruction for freeform surface based on low-rank matrix completion
Authors: Gu Kang , Chen Sheng , You Xiaoyu , Li Yifei , Cui Jianwei , Wang Yuhang , Liu Jian
Published: December 2021

The coordinate measuring machine (CMM) becomes an extensive and effective method for high precision inspection of free-form surfaces due to its ability to measure complex and irregular surfaces. Sampling strategy and surface restoration method have an important influence on the efficiency and precision of CMM. In this paper, a sparse sampling strategy and surface reconstruction method for free-form surfaces based on low-rank matrix completion (LRMC) is proposed. In this method, the free-form surface is sampled randomly with uniform distribution in the cartesian coordinate system to obtain sparse sampling points, and then optimizes the scanning path to obtain the shortest path through all measurement points, and finally, the LRMC algorithm based on alternating root mean square prop was used to reconstruct the surface with high precision. The simulation and experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring accuracy, the number of sampling points is greatly reduced and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved.
Influence of ultrasonic agitation on the abrasive wear characteristics of Al-Cu/ 2 vol% Grp composite
Authors: Gupta Ramendra Kumar , Vashishtha Nitesh , Sapate S G , Udhayabanu V , Peshwe D R
Published: December 2021

In the present study, the abrasive wear behavior of Al–4.4 wt% Cu composite reinforced with 2 vol% graphite particle (Grp) has been investigated. In the preparation of composite, Ultrasonic Treatment (UT) is provided in the composite melt for the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles. Two bond abrasive wear tests are conducted for composites treated with ultrasound and without UT and base alloy. The results of abrasive wear studies indicate that at 5 and 10 Newton (N) loads, the composite with UT has a higher coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance than that of the base alloy (Al–4.4 wt% Cu). Whereas, at 15 and 20 N load, the value of COF and wear resistance is lower for the composite. Two abrasive wear mechanisms micro-plowing and micro-cutting have been observed during the wear tests of base alloy and composites. The analysis of worn-out sample surfaces at higher load reveals that softened material layer due to localized elevation in temperature between two contact surfaces during wearing acts as a tribolayer in base alloy while in composites both softened material layer and graphite layer have worked together as tribolayer.