bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositional analysis of oxide-embedded III–V nanostructures
Authors: Ek Martin , Petersson C Leon M , Wallentin Jesper , Wahlqvist David , Ahadi Aylin , Borgström Magnus , Wallenberg Reine
Published: June 2022

Nanowire growth enables creation of embedded heterostructures, where one material is completely surrounded by another. Through materials-selective post-growth oxidation it is also possible to combine amorphous oxides and crystalline, e.g. III–V materials. Such oxide-embedded structures pose a challenge for compositional characterization through transmission electron microscopy since the materials will overlap in projection. Furthermore, materials electrically isolated by an embedding oxide are more sensitive to electron beam-induced alterations. Methods that can directly isolate the embedded material, preferably at reduced electron doses, will be required in this situation. Here, we analyse the performance of two such techniques—local lattice parameter measurements from high resolution micrographs and bulk plasmon energy measurements from electron energy loss spectra—by applying them to analyse InP-AlInP segments embedded in amorphous aluminium oxide. We demonstrate the complementarity of the two methods, which show an overall excellent agreement. However, in regions with residual strain, which we analyse through molecular dynamics simulations, the two techniques diverge from the true value in opposite directions.
Resistive electrode array (REA) for radiotherapy beam monitoring and quality assurance
Authors: Zygmanski Piotr , Lima Jason , Liles Arianna , Zhang Victoria , Gineitaite Indre , Sajo Erno , Brivio Davide
Published: June 2022

We have developed a new type of detector array for monitoring of radiation beams in radiotherapy. The detector has parallel-plane architecture with multiple large-area uniform thin-film electrodes. At least one of the electrodes is resistive and has multiple signal readouts spread out along its perimeter. The integral dose deposited in the detector gives rise to multiple signals that depend on the distribution of radiation with respect to resistive electrode array (REA) geometry. The purpose of the present study was to experimentally determine basic detector response to MLC collimated x-ray fields. Two detector arrays have been characterized: circular and rectangular. The current and electrostatic potential distribution within the resistive electrode are governed by the Laplace and continuity equations with boundary conditions at the border with the readouts. Measurements for pencil beams showed that signal strength depends primarily on the distances between the location of the pencil beam and the readouts. Measurements for larger irregular MLC showed that signals as a function of time are quasi-linear with respect to MLC position and are proportional to the MLC area. Derivation of clinically relevant radiation beam parameters from REA signals, such as MLC position, MLC gap size and monitor unit per MLC segment relies on the detector response model with empirical model parameters. An approximate analytical detector response model was proposed and used to fit experiment data.
Development of ripple filter composed of metal mesh for charged-particle therapy
Authors: Tanaka Sodai , Inaniwa Taku , Matsuba Shunya
Published: June 2022

Objective. In charged-particle therapy, a ripple filter (RiFi) is used for broadening the Bragg peak in the beam direction. A conventional RiFi consists of plates with a fine ridge and groove structure. The construction of the RiFi has been a time-consuming and costly task. In this study, we developed a simple RiFi made of multi-layered metal mesh (mRiFi), with which the Bragg peak is broadened due to structural randomness, similar to what occurs for the already proposed RiFi with porous material. Approach. The mRiFi was constructed by stacking commercially available metal meshes at random positions and angles. The mRiFi was inexpensive to fabricate due to its high availability and low machining accuracy. The Bragg peak width modulated by the mRiFi can be uniquely determined by the wire material, wire diameter, wire-to-wire spacing of the metal mesh, and the number of mesh sheets. We fabricated four mRiFis consisting of 10, 20, 30, and 40 layers of stainless steel meshes with a wire diameter of 0.1 mm and a wire-to-wire spacing of 0.508 mm. Main results. Using the mRiFis consisting of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mesh sheets, we succeeded in broadening the Bragg peak following the normal distribution with the respective standard deviation σ values of 0.83, 1.15, 1.41, and 1.56 mm in water in experimental planar-integrated depth dose measurements with 140.3 MeV u−1 carbon-ion beams. The effect of range broadening with the mRiFi was independent of its lateral position, and the measurement of the surface dose using radiochromic films showed no severe inhomogeneity with a homogeneity index greater than 0.3 caused by the mRiFis. Significance. The developed mRiFi can be used as a RiFi in charged-particle therapy. The mRiFi has three advantages: high supply stability of the material for manufacturing it, easy fabrication, and low cost.
A Review of Various Controller Techniques Designed for the Operational Control of DC and Servo Motors
Authors: Harshitha S , Shamanth S , Chari Aditya Kumar
Published: June 2022

Motors stand out as critical components in every element of modern life that requires motion. Control systems that govern the operation of these devices in industrial or commercial applications become crucial as a result. Improved performance results in increased efficiency, which in the long term translates to significant cost and energy savings and improved output quality. Numerous control systems have been developed specifically for this purpose over the last few decades in response to a persistent requirement for performance improvements. With that in mind, this paper is aimed at classifying and analysing a variety of different types of motor controllers in relation to previous work done with them. The shift from conventional to more intelligent adaptive controllers is highlighted along with their respective principles. Conventional controllers are those designed for linear systems without taking into account the possibility of parametric variation occurrence. Adaptive controllers have the ability to automatically learn and adapt with the state of the plant. Using transient attributes of closed loop control systems, their performance impact and feasibility are studied in detail. Subsequent conclusions are also drawn out to provide clear and concise reference.
Application of machine learning in understanding bioactivity of beta-lactamase AmpC
Authors: Anant Prem Singh , Gupta Pratima
Published: June 2022

The ability of microorganisms like bacteria to develop mechanisms against the treatment is becoming a concern globally. This topic of concern is called Antimicrobial Resistance aka AMR. In this study, with the help of machine learning algorithms we are trying to evaluate the activity of molecules that have been tested experimentally either to bind or not bind the beta lactamases. Machine learning is a technique for analysis of data which teaches the computers what naturally comes to living organisms. Beta lactamases are diverse family of microbial enzymes that hydrolyse the cyclic amide bond of susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. Studying the effects and functioning of beta lactamases enzymes can provide better insights into the AMR mechanism adopted by the microorganisms. AMR is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity in this era. Therefore, finding potential compounds that can combat these microorganisms is very important. Here, we have considered few plant-based flavonoids and terpenoids and checked the bioactivity against these beta lactamases containing microorganisms by using machine learning algorithms. A large dataset having more than 62,000 compounds and their pPotency values against beta lactamase AmpC was obtained from ChEMBL and employed in QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) model in order to understand the origin of their bioactivity. Several set of fingerprint descriptors and predictive models were constructed and results are obtained.
Gis Based Spatial Analysis and Prediction of Covid-19 Cases
Authors: Sahu Mridu , Jhariya D.C. , Singh Richa , Srivastava Ishika , Mishra Sunny Kumar
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has come out to be a threat that has far-reaching repercussions in all parts of human existence; as a result, it is the most pressing concern facing countries around the world. This paper is centred on using a geographic information system to map COVID-19 instances across India, followed by COVID-19 case projections in various areas of India. A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system that verifies, records, stores and displays data about places on the Earth’s surface, with India as the primary emphasis. Because the COVID-19 has had a distinct influence on different parts of India, the research we conducted provides a correct connection between past, current, and future instances in India employing prediction by using the SARIMA(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model to forecast time series. Python is used to implement the project. Several databases, including global databases like Natural Earth, UNEP Environmental Data Explorer, GRUMP, and national databases like Open Data Archive and ISRO’s Geo-Platform, are utilised to collect data for mapping and displaying instances across the country. These databases are combined to get the required output that is to be plotted and displayed. The prediction of coronavirus cases has also been done using the SARIMA model with an accuracy of 95.37percent.
Hyperspectral Image Classification using Hybrid Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Nayak Omprakash , Khandare Hrishikesh , Parida Nikhil Kumar , Giri Ramnivas , Janghel Rekh Ram , Govil Himanshu
Published: June 2022

The Hyperspectral Images (HSI) are now being widely popular due to the evolution of satellite imagery and camera technology. Remote sensing has also gained popularity and it is also closely related to HSI. HSI possesses a wide variety of spatial and spectral features. However, HSI also has a consider-able amount of useless or redundant data. This redundant data causes a lot of trouble during classifications as it possesses a huge range in contrast to RGB. Traditional classification techniques do not apply efficiently to HSI. Even if somehow the traditional techniques are applied to it, the results produced are inefficient and undesirable. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which are widely famous for the classification of images, have their fair share of trouble when dealing with HSI. 2D CNNs is not very efficient and 3D CNNs increases the computational complexity. To overcome these issues a new hybrid CNN approach is used which uses sigmoid activation function at the output layer, using a 2D CNN with 3D CNN to generate the desired output. Here, we are using HSI classification using hybrid CNN i.e., 2D and 3D. The dataset used is the Indian pines dataset sigmoid classifier for classification. And we gain the Overall accuracy 99.34 %, average accuracy 99.27%, kappa 99.25%.
The effect of addition of WS2 nanosheets on the performance of ZnO nanorods-based photodetector
Authors: Salsabilla Aufa , Fauzia V. , Imawan C.
Published: June 2022

Fabrication of the heterostructure of ZnO/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) has attracted much attention to improve the performance of ZnO-based photodetectors. In this work, we report the effect of the addition of WS2 nanosheets on the performance of ZnO nanorods based photodetectors. ZnO nanorods were prepared using the hydrothermal method, and the few layers of WS2 nanosheets were prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation. Exfoliated WS2 solution was deposited on the surface of ZnO nanorods by spin-coating method, and the photodetector performance was calculated via current-voltage measurement in the dark and under laser light sources with a wavelength of UV 365, cyan 505, and red 625 nm. The results show that the dark current significantly decreased after the addition of WS2 on the ZnO nanorods surface. The UV detector performances sensitivity is increased from 129% to 334%, responsivity is increased from 0.93 A/W to 1.11 A/W, and the detectivity is increased from 2.5 × 109 to 4.4 × 109 Jones. However, both samples cannot be used as visible light detectors because of the low photogenerated current.
Phase detection autofocus (PDAF) image sensor as applied to 3D imaging
Authors: Jutamulia Suganda
Published: June 2022

Auto-focus in a camera can be performed by comparing the image formed by light passing through a half of the imaging lens to the image formed by light passing through the other half of the imaging lens. A PDAF image sensor has an array of pixels. A microlens covers a pixel consisting of two photodiodes. In a camera using a PDAF image sensor, a photodiode receives light passing through a half of the imaging lens and the other photodiode receives light passing through the other half of the imaging lens. Thus, comparing light received by two photodiodes, a PDAF image sensor is capable of performing auto-focus of the camera. The PDAF image sensor is also capable of performing 3-D imaging.
Study on Rotating Stall of Multistage Compressor Using Wavelets
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Ma Shuai , Wang Jiantao , Li Bin , Cui Pengcheng
Published: June 2022

Rotating stall in the high speed compressor can lead to violent disruption of flow, damage to the blade structures and, eventually, engine shutdown. To investigate the mechanism of stall inception and stall propagation in multi-stage compressor, the onset and transient behavior of rotating stall in a transonic 2-stage compressor are simulated based on the in-house software ASPAC. Many sampling points are placed to monitor the flow variation. The analysis results of circumferential sampling points indicate that, the spectral characteristics of circumferential sampling points in steady state and unstable state are similar, the pressure pulsation is similar, but there exist phase difference. In the transition state, the main frequency is similar and the secondary frequency is slightly different, the 17th blade channel at the blade top of rotor 2 produces a disturbance with lower frequency and higher amplitude before other channels, which triggers the stall disturbance. The analysis results of axial sampling points show that the blade row interference frequency exists in the whole flow change process, and the disturbance of adjacent blade rows is dominant. The stall disturbance starts with rotor 2. This initial disturbance soon spreads to its adjacent stator 1 and stator 2. Rotor 1 is finally affected and enters into unstable state at about the 12th revolution.
Analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the outflow field of an SUV under the effect of side wind
Authors: Zhou Yang , Guan Qingyun , Xiao Ling , Yuan Xiayi
Published: June 2022

A domestic SUV model was selected, and two different side wind simulation methods of “partial car” and “partial wind” were analyzed to numerically simulate the flow field of SUV under different intensity of side wind, and the velocity-pressure distribution and aerodynamic force of the flow field under different side wind intensity were obtained. coefficients under different side wind strengths. The wind tunnel test was conducted at the same time, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed with the test results. The analysis results show that: the results of the two simulation methods are close to each other, and the trend is the same as that of the test, which is that the aerodynamic drag, lateral force and lift force gradually increase with the increase of the side yaw angle; considering the operation and difficulty of model building, the side wind simulation method is recommended to “deflect the wind”; the pressure maps of different parts of the body are analyzed to qualitatively The pressure maps of different parts of the body are analyzed to qualitatively explain the effect of side wind on the aerodynamic characteristics of SUV, which provides a reference for further research on the aerodynamic characteristics of SUV under the influence of side wind.
Flow Characteristic Study of High-speed Cavity Based on Detached-eddy Simulations
Authors: Zheng Yongqian , Zhang Jie , Li Huan , Wu Xiaojun , Jia Hongyin
Published: June 2022

The cavity is widely used in the advanced flight vehicle. However, there are also some new aerodynamic characteristic when cavity is exposed in high-speed flow. The flow characteristic of high-speed cavity is studied in this paper based on detached-eddy simulation method. The M219 cavity benchmark under transonic flow is used as the validation case for numerical methods and grid strategy. Comparison of predicted sound pressure levels and spectra against the wind tunnel experiment has proved that the numerical methods capture the major oscillation dynamics inside the cavity. The aerodynamic characteristic of cavity with a store is investigated in this paper, there are three vortexes in the cavity and the main vortex in the middle rotates around the store. The shear layer breaks earlier compared with clean cavity due to the turbulent flow around the store. However, the small store has little influence to the sound pressure level of cavity.
Study on the effect of inflow conditions on wind flow acceleration in mountainous micro-topography
Authors: Yin Yuan , Li Yangsen , Lin Ruizong , Liu Zhiwei , Fu Benzhao , Huang Guo , Zhang Hongjie
Published: June 2022

The acceleration of wind flow in mountainous areas can cause the destruction or collapse of transmission towers. The wind speed and direction of inflow have a significant impact on the flow acceleration in mountainous areas. The mountain terrain in the coastal area of Fujian was selected to study the influence of the inflow wind speed and direction on the acceleration effect. By analyzing the radar chart of the wind speed acceleration ratio of the monitoring points under 24 wind direction angles, the variation law of the wind speed acceleration ratio is consistent with the trend of the influence law obtained by the analysis of the surrounding terrain. The obtained simulation results are correct and credible, which can be used to correct the design wind speed of transmission lines in mountainous areas.
Application research on matching design of suspended AUV propeller based on CFD
Authors: Wu Pengxing , Liu Xianlong , Ling Zhengcheng , Chen Cheng
Published: June 2022

Combined with practical engineering application cases, this paper introduces a matching design method of suspended AUV propeller based on CFD. From theoretical design to practical engineering application, it is described from five aspects: demand analysis, design process, CFD simulation and experimental verification. The final results show that the designed propeller fully meets the application requirements, and this method is fully suitable for engineering practical application.
Research on Building Ventilation Condition and Numerical Simulation Based on Fluid Mechanics Model
Authors: Hao Huijuan
Published: June 2022

The article is based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics. We qualitatively analyse the difference between the total pressure on the windward side and the leeward side by numerical method, and compare and analyse the wind environment around the ground floor non-overhead courtyard building with the same width and height. The distribution of the velocity field, pressure field and trace map around the courtyard building with the ground floor fully overhead and the courtyard building with the ground floor not completely overhead are obtained. By introducing the CFD numerical simulation method, introducing finite element, Navier-Stokes equation, k-ε equation turbulence model, etc., combined with traditional ventilation design, the advantages of artificial ventilation and natural ventilation are integrated to obtain the optimal ventilation design scheme.
The axial fan design and commissioning test with nonuniform inlet flow
Authors: Qu Xiaoli , Ren Zebin , Yang Wenguo , Luo Yuanqiang
Published: June 2022

According to the two-dimensional flow theory of the axial fan rotor blades and the aerodynamic characteristics of the low speed wind tunnel, combined with the fan aerodynamic efficiency and wind tunnel pressure loss coefficient, a new equation which points out the inherent relationship of the fan blade setting angle, fan rotating speed and flow rate in wind tunnel circuit is derived. So a new method for fan rotor blade setting angle adjustment to satisfy the fan performance at off-design point by getting the test results of fan operating parameters but without the fan total pressure rise in the low speed wind tunnel is developed. Following the new method, the fan rotor blade setting angle adjusting value was provided directly only with the fan rotating speed and flow velocity in the wind tunnel test section, the adjusting target was achieved successfully by the new blade setting angle, the cost of the wind tunnel commissioning test were saved. The test results show that, after increasing the fan rotor blade setting angle by 4.5 degrees, when the flow velocity in the wind tunnel test section reaches 60m/s, the fan rotating speed is 570rpm, the deviation from the predicted fan rotating speed value of 575rpm is 0.9%. For the same test section flow velocity, the predicted value and the real value of the fan rotating speed are in good agreement, it proves that this method is reliable and accurate in practical application.
CFD-DEM based wind-deposited sand high concentration slurry pipe transport characteristics and erosion study
Authors: Wu Boqiang
Published: June 2022

In order to study the conveying process of wind-accumulated sand slurry pipeline, this study simulates the flow process of wind-accumulated sand slurry at 1m/s inlet flow rate with straight pipe bend and uphill by coupled CFD-DEM method. The fluid flow, particle motion and position distribution, pipe erosion and force during the whole process are analyzed based on the selection of a suitable traction model. The results show that the flow velocity of highly viscous slurry at the wall of the pipe is small which can easily lead to the deposition of sand particles, which is proved by the particle velocity cloud diagram. The extent of erosion and the degree of erosion increase with time, and the peak of erosion occurs at the bend. The force changes along the Y-direction in different parts of the pipe show that the extreme values of force and erosion are located at the bend. This part is the weak point of the whole pipeline slurry flow and erosion project should pay attention to reinforcement or monitoring.
Study on the flow around a cylinder by candle flame
Authors: Huang Junwei , Zhang Pengyu , Xie Zhuoxuan , Zhao Haojie , Xu Chenkun , Chi Jing , Lu Huiping
Published: June 2022

Interferometric measurement, schlieren method and shadow graph are commonly used to observe the low-speed steady flow. It is difficult to directly observe the flow direction in the experiment of flow around a cylinder at medium and high Reynolds number. On this premise, this paper mainly studies the relationship between the movement state of candle flame and the direction of candle airflow. This paper studies the influence of different wind speeds on the flow around a circular cylinder at medium and high Reynolds numbers. The innovation of this paper is to propose a new idea to directly observe the complex air flow, and to compare the candle flame state under different experimental conditions and the calculation images of different turbulence models.
Flow Field Analysis of Gas Injection and Brine Discharge in Natural Gas Storage Salt Cavern
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Wei , Cen Xueqi , Zhao Dandi , Chai Guoxing
Published: June 2022

Gas injection and brine discharge is the key link in the construction and safe operation of the salt cavern gas storage. Accurate description of the bottom flow field of the salt cavern in the process of gas injection and brine extraction is the basis and premise for determining the depth of the brine drainage string. According to the characteristics of gas injection and brine discharge, a numerical simulation calculation model of the brine flow field near the inlet of the brine discharge tubing was established. The brine flow field under different working conditions is simulated, and the safe brine drainage rate at different residual brine depths in the later stage of gas injection and brine drainage is determined, which provides technical support for the adjustment of gas injection brine drainage rate in the later stage of construction.
Rotordynamic characteristic of water lubricated plain journal bearing under transient load
Authors: Chen Pingwei , Wang Tong , Ma Wensheng , Chen Jie , Cao Rui
Published: June 2022

Transient startup operating parameter has a serious influence on the stability of water-lubricated bearings. In this study, CFD method was used to predict the rotordynamic coefficients of water lubricated bearings under transient loads. The stiffness and damping coefficients versus transient time for water-lubricated bearings are given. The stiffness and damping coefficients versus different transient loads for water-lubricated bearings are also given. The results show that the stiffness and damping coefficients will increase rapidly in a very short time. With the increase of impact time, both of them come to a steady value. With the increase of impact load, the direct stiffness and the direct damping coefficients of water lubricated bearing will increase. The value of cross-coupling stiffness and the cross-coupling damping coefficients will decrease.
Flow regulation and bottom hole pressure control under gas influx condition based on RMR system
Authors: Zhang Wenzhen , Zhang Jie , Wang Zhiheng , Sun Ruitao , Yu Sheng , Yang Zhijun
Published: June 2022

During the drilling process of RMR system, when the gas reservoir is drilled, the bottom hole pressure and formation pressure are in an unbalanced state, and the formation fluid invades the bottom hole under the action of pressure difference, further causing complex situation such as overflow and kick. In order to effectively control the bottom hole pressure during drilling and ensure drilling safety, a bottom hole pressure calculation model of RMR system under gas influx condition is established based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow theory. Three flow regulation methods of increasing the outlet flow of drilling pump and subsea pump at the same time, reducing the outlet flow of subsea pump while the outlet flow of drilling pump remains unchanged, and increasing the outlet flow of drilling pump while reducing the outlet flow of subsea pump are selected to dynamically simulate the change process of bottom hole pressure after flow regulation. Through data fitting, The relationship equation between them and bottom hole pressure is obtained, and the flow regulation method of RMR system when controlling bottom hole pressure under gas influx condition is formed.
Numerical simulation of saturated oil process based on digital pore model
Authors: Liu Haibo
Published: June 2022

In order to study the saturated oil process in the digital pore model, numerical simulations are performed by building a model. The results show that the direction of the capillary force is judged according to whether there is an odd or even number of fluid segments in the throat, and the odd segments cancel each other out, while the even segments have a capillary force; Three cases need to be considered when calculating the drag coefficient: (1) only single-phase fluid exists in the throat; (2) the corner of the throat is in the wetted phase, while the center of the throat is in the non-wetted phase; (3) the corner is in the wetted phase and the center of the throat is a multi-phase fluid. After performing saturated oil simulation calculations, the digital pore model can visualize the saturated oil process and results, which is realistic, fast, accurate and low cost, and is of great significance to the subsequent research on efficient reservoir development methods.
Uncertainty Quantification of Multivariate Correlated Output in the Simulation of Airfoil Flow
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Jiangtao , Zhao Wei , Wu Xiaojun
Published: June 2022

Due to the limitation of human cognition, there are uncertainties in the turbulence model closure coefficients that cannot be ignored. The key to assess model objectively is quantifying the uncertainty of model coefficients scientifically. In the CFD simulation of flow around the airfoil, wall pressure distribution is a multivariate correlated quantity. This paper developed a surrogate model method based on artificial neural network to characterize the mapping relationship between multivariate input and multivariate output. In order to reduce the output dimension and modelling difficulty, this paper use Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method. An RAE2822 benchmark case under transonic conditions is used to study the uncertainty of Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model coefficients and verify the method developed by this paper.
Optimal pacing strategy modeling of cycling individual time trials
Authors: Feng Jiafan , Liu Xiaowen , Deng Shaochun
Published: June 2022

Improving the performance of professional cyclists during individual time trials has been a challenge for several decades. In this study, the fatigue power profiles of male and female professional cyclists were characterized and a novel optimal pacing strategy model was established to determine the output power distribution based on the simulated annealing algorithm. Moreover, the model was implemented on the male 2021 UCI ITT course and the female 2021 Olympic ITT course. Compared with the actual performance of the professional cyclists, the race scores predicted by this model are among the best, which indicates that the model is highly practical and instructive. Considering riders are unlikely to follow the detailed plan exactly and their output power can deviate from the optimal power, a sensitivity analysis was conducted and the results demonstrated the high stability and reliability of the model.
The Relationship between Constructive Real Numbers and Left Number in Constructive Mathematics
Authors: Tang Jiamu , Wang Zhe , Wang Yunihan , Zhao Minxi
Published: June 2022

Generally, construction real numbers are considered constructive real numbers that coherently relate to some construction approaches. The analysis of this paper primarily focuses on the perspectives of left numbers in the study of constructive reviews. The review of this essay created a general connection between different concepts put together through the discovery and consideration of the available references. That was based on the assessment and introduction of these concepts based on the conditions and perspectives of constructive mathematics. The paper’s analysis also discussed and utilized specific propositions to prove and simplify the overall findings of this study. Further, the results indicate that the context of constructive mathematics has an existing algorithm available in any constructive number. Through this, constructive mathematics can produce a corresponding Left (L) number under the assumption that equivalent Left numbers can be the output with equivalent constructive real numbers (CRN). The findings of this analysis indicates that there is an existing algorithms that defines any constructive real number in the context of constructive mathematics. Through such correspondent relationship can generate a corresponding Left number. That is based on the assumption that in the context of equivalent real numbers, the possible output in this context is equivalent to Left number. Additionally, this assessment extensively utilized the Spector sequence while proving that the converse statement is false. We further suggest that the study can introduce more individuals to the basic concepts and applications of theories in the analysis.
Fuzzy Matching Model for Color Selection and Increasing Color Variety Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gao Jiefei , Zhu Guorui , Xin Yuankang , Wang Kunsheng , Fu Yingjie
Published: June 2022

Manufacturers of mosaic tiles often need to continuously improve the richness of their tile colors, adding one or several new colors to the existing several tile colors so that they can meet the needs of more users. In this thesis, this problem is discussed in terms of color fuzzy matching, combining Monte Carlo simulation and second-order diffusion decay model for mosaic tile color selection, and the addition of one or several new colors. The obtained results are visualized and displayed. This method of color enrichment can be applied to the construction industry, home improvement industry, and other industries to solve practical problems.
A model for the simulation of the Mars EDL process
Authors: Xu Miao , Xu Yiteng , Xiang Shiqi , Qiu Zheyong
Published: June 2022

In order to analyse the influence of the control operation during the soft landing on Mars and design the control operation, this paper designs a model to simulate the EDL process (i.e., entry, descent and landing) of the space probe, and uses the computer numerical simulation method to simulate. Its main advantage is that it can accurately analyse the impact on various control operations on the overall mission design, which can more intuitively to help aerospace personnel design control schemes for computer numerical simulation in actual engineering tasks. The detailed derivation process is given. The simulation results show the validity and practicability of the model.
Relationship Between the Evolution of Solar Magnetic Field and Flares in Different Active Regions
Authors: Tian Yunshuo
Published: June 2022

Two comparative active regions, NOAA AR 11283 and AR 11654 are studied. Both active regions have big sunspot numbers, and large areas. However, AR 11283 erupted two X-class flares, AR 11654 erupted little flares. Through investigating the evolution of magnetic field, the active region with complex magnetic configuration has more possibility to create big flares. NOAA is National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Pulse Wave Signal Identification Method Based on EMD-CNN Model
Authors: Wang Hui , Pei Hongxing
Published: June 2022

in the research on the method of using pulse wave signal for identity recognition, this paper uses empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to decompose the pulse signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode function (IMF) components distributed in different frequency bands. Each IMF component is screened and reconstructed with the correlation coefficient as the index, The IMF components used to reconstruct the pulse wave signal are identified by multi-channel parallel convolution neural network. In this paper, 30 healthy adults were identified, and the final recognition accuracy was 92.38%.
Wideband precision stabilization of the -18.6kV retarding voltage for the KATRIN spectrometer
Authors: Rodenbeck C. , Wüstling S. , Enomoto S. , Hartmann J. , Rest O. , Thümmler T. , Weinheimer C.
Published: June 2022

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) measures
the effective electron anti-neutrino mass with an unprecedented
design sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90 % C.L.). In this experiment, the
energy spectrum of beta electrons near the tritium decay endpoint is
analyzed with a highly accurate spectrometer. To reach the KATRIN
sensitivity target, the retarding voltage of this spectrometer must
be stable to the ppm (1 × 10-6) level and well known on
various time scales (μs up to months), for values around
-18.6 kV. A custom-designed high-voltage regulation system
mitigates the impact of interference sources in the absence of a
closed electric shield around the large spectrometer vessel. In this
article, we describe the regulation system and its integration into
the KATRIN setup. Independent monitoring methods demonstrate a
stability within 2 ppm, exceeding KATRIN's specifications.
A Monte Carlo study to check muon numbers in hadronic interaction models observed by the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD)
Authors: Fang J.H. , Huang J. , Zhang Y. , Chen D. , Zhai L.M. , Chen X. , Meng Y. , Hu K.Y.
Published: June 2022

The interpretation of the EAS data relies on the employment
of hadronic interaction models, which are subject to theoretical and
experimental uncertainties that may hamper composition studies of
cosmic rays. To check the reliability of such models at the energies
relevant for EAS studies, the predictions of the models can be
compared with data from air shower observatories. In this regard,
the study of the number of muons becomes extremely useful, since
they are sensitive to the hadronic interactions that occur in the
early phases of the EAS development. In the paper, we propose a
Monte Carlo study to test the number of muons in hadronic
interaction models by the hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III +
MD). For an air-shower event, the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III)
provides the arrival direction and the air-shower size which are
interrelated to primary energy, the Yangbajing Air shower Core
detector (YAC-II) array measures the high energy electromagnetic
particles in the very forward region so as to obtain the
characteristic parameters of air-shower cores, at the same time, the
underground MDs record the number of high-energy muons above
1 GeV. Since we can select proton events with high accuracy by
YAC-II almost independently of the hadronic interaction models, the
accompanying number of muons induced by proton events can be fed
out. With the unique settle of YAC-II, our results show that the
description of muon numbers in diﬀerent hadronic interaction models
can be well systematics-checked to avoid the ambiguity of the
primary cosmic-ray mass composition around the knee energy region by
the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD).
Differentiated responsibilities of US citizens in the country’s sustainable dietary transition
Authors: Taherzadeh Oliver , Kanemoto Keiichiro
Published: June 2022

If widely adopted, the ‘planetary health diet’ (PHD), proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, would help to meet ambitious sustainability goals currently jeopardised by excessive and resource intensive food demand. To date, convergence of nations to the PHD has been assessed using average food consumption patterns, overlooking the influence of different consumers within this context. Using self-reported dietary intake data from a snapshot survey of the US we reveal the differentiated responsibilities of US citizens within the country’s adoption of the PHD otherwise hidden by use of country averaged dietary intake data. We show how such a granular analysis of food consumption patterns is critical to identify levers in the sustainable food transition of nations. By combining 7418 individual food intake reports from a representative cross section of the United States (US) with commodity-level impact data we estimate the overshoot of US dietary patterns in relation to the PHD and their impacts across the climate, water and land system. The net environmental impacts of PHD adoption across the US population are quantified based on realistic dietary shifts. We estimate that US overshoot of the PHD is responsible for 70% of the US dietary greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. However, over 60% of this burden could be eliminated by just 10% of the US population following the PHD. Although we estimate PHD adoption will more than half the US dietary GHG footprint and land footprint, we find it may have unintended consequences on water demand due to increased tree nut consumption. Across almost all food categories, we show that the food choices of the top tier of consumers in the US create, and must bridge the PHD gap. As such, actions by these consumers will be of major consequences to the speed and direction of the country’s sustainable dietary transition. To avoid environmental trade-offs, dietary policies must be scrutinised across multiple sustainability criteria.
Historic drivers of onshore wind power siting and inevitable future trade-offs
Authors: Weinand Jann Michael , Naber Elias , McKenna Russell , Lehmann Paul , Kotzur Leander , Stolten Detlef
Published: June 2022

The required acceleration of onshore wind deployment requires the consideration of both economic and social criteria. With a spatially explicit analysis of the validated European turbine stock, we show that historical siting focused on cost-effectiveness of turbines and minimization of local disamenities, resulting in substantial regional inequalities. A multi-criteria turbine allocation approach demonstrates in 180 different scenarios that strong trade-offs have to be made in the future expansion by 2050. The sites of additional onshore wind turbines can be associated with up to 43% lower costs on average, up to 42% higher regional equality, or up to 93% less affected population than at existing turbine locations. Depending on the capacity generation target, repowering decisions and spatial scale for siting, the mean costs increase by at least 18% if the affected population is minimized — even more so if regional equality is maximized. Meaningful regulations that compensate the affected regions for neglecting one of the criteria are urgently needed.
Energy-efficient method for developing in-situ Al-Cu metal matrix composites using microwave sintering and friction stir processing
Authors: Malik Vinayak R , Bajakke Padmakumar A , Saxena Kuldeep K , Lakshmikanthan Avinash , Deshpande Anand S , Mabuwa Sipokazi , Masomi Velaphi
Published: June 2022

The problems associated with the fabrication of in situ metal matrix composites (MMC) by conventional methods can be avoided by using microwave sintering and friction stirring in combination. The current study investigates the mechanical and electrical properties of pure aluminum (Al-100 wt%) and Al-Cu MMC. The results showed that excellent ultimate tensile strength, toughness, and electrical conductivity can be acquired simultaneously. The obtained ultimate tensile strength in the case of Al-100wt% (184.5 MPa) has improved two-fold than that of a typical commercially pure aluminum AA1016 (90 MPa). Similarly, the electrical conductivity of developed pure aluminum (88.87% IACS) is 1.4 times higher compared to AA1016 alloy (62% IACS). For Al-Cu MMC the copper is added in steps of 5 wt% (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The maximum ultimate tensile strength (205.2 MPa) and the electrical conductivity (71.53% IACS) obtained for Al-10wt%Cu are higher compared to the AA1016 alloy. The present investigation suggests a novel processing route and opens up new research avenues in the field of solid-state materials processing.
Atlas of urban scaling laws
Authors: Carbone Anna , Murialdo Pietro , Pieroni Alessandra , Toxqui-Quitl Carina
Published: June 2022

Accurate estimates of the urban fractal dimension D
f are obtained by implementing the detrended moving average algorithm on high-resolution multi-spectral satellite images from the WorldView2 (WV2) database covering the largest European cities. Fractal dimension D
f varies between 1.65 and 1.90 with high values for highly urbanised urban sectors and low ones for suburban and peripheral ones. Based on recently proposed models, the values of the fractal dimension D
f are checked against the exponents β
s and β
i of the scaling law Y ∼ N

β
, respectively for socio-economic and infrastructural variables Y, with N the population size. The exponents β
s and β
i are traditionally derived as if cities were zero-dimensional objects, with the relevant feature Y related to a single homogeneous population value N, thus neglecting the microscopic heterogeneity of the urban structure. Our findings go beyond this limit. High sensitive and repeatable satellite records yield robust local estimates of the urban scaling exponents. Furthermore, the work discusses how to discriminate among different scaling theories, shedding light on the debated issue of scaling phenomena contradictory perspectives and pave paths to a more systematic adoption of the complex system science methods to urban landscape analysis.
Correlation-guided Network Integration (CoNI), an R package for integrating numerical omics data that allows multiform graph representations to study molecular interaction networks
Authors: Monroy Kuhn José Manuel , Miok Viktorian , Lutter Dominik
Published: June 2022

Today’s immense growth in complex biological data demands effective and flexible tools for integration, analysis and extraction of valuable insights. Here, we present CoNI, a practical R package for the unsupervised integration of numerical omics datasets. Our tool is based on partial correlations to identify putative confounding variables for a set of paired dependent variables. CoNI combines two omics datasets in an integrated, complex hypergraph-like network, represented as a weighted undirected graph, a bipartite graph, or a hypergraph structure. These network representations form a basis for multiple further analyses, such as identifying priority candidates of biological importance or comparing network structures dependent on different conditions.

Availability and implementation

The R package CoNI is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CoNI/) and GitLab (https://gitlab.com/computational-discovery-research/coni). It is distributed under the GNU General Public License (version 3).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
The neurology of chronic nodding syndrome
Authors: Olum Sam , Hardy Charlotte , Obol James , Scolding Neil
Published: June 2022

Nodding syndrome is an uncommon disorder of childhood onset and unknown cause, presenting with nodding seizures, and which appears to occur exclusively in clusters in sub-Saharan Africa. An endemic pattern of disease was initially described in Tanzania and in Liberia; epidemic occurrences were later reported in South Sudan and northern Uganda. Not the least significant of the many questions remaining about nodding syndrome concerns the common presence or otherwise of neurological features other than seizures—clearly relevant to the core issue of whether this is a focal, primary epileptic disease, or a multi-system CNS disorder, with, in turn implications for its aetiology. We had the opportunity to interview and clinically to examine 57 affected individuals in rural northern Uganda some 10 years after onset. In this observational cross-sectional study, nodding onset was invariably between the ages of 5 and 14, presenting with food-triggered nodding attacks in over 75% of cases; 86% went on to develop other seizure types. In 53 of 57 nodding syndrome individuals (93%), there was a definite history of the child and his or her family having resided in or been fed from an internally displaced person camp for some time prior to the onset of nodding. A half of nodding syndrome sufferers (28/57) had focal neurological abnormalities—mainly pyramidal signs (92%), often asymmetric, some with extrapyramidal abnormalities. Many individuals (28/57) were severely functionally disabled, ranging from ‘sometimes can dig’ to ‘can do nothing at home’ or ‘cannot even feed herself’. Such sufferers tended more frequently to have significant burns, and clear cognitive impairment. We conclude that nodding syndrome is a unique multisystem CNS disorder of childhood onset and then slow progression over several years often followed by spontaneous stabilisation, consistent with an underlying self-limiting neurodegenerative process. We discuss the possibility that this might be triggered by food-related mycotoxins, within a fixed window of CNS vulnerability during childhood.