bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice: findings from a UK radiography workforce survey
Authors: Akudjedu Theophilus N , Lawal Olanrewaju , Sharma Meera , Elliott Jason , Stewart Sharon , Gilleece Terri , McFadden Sonyia , Franklin James M
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Radiographers are key patient-facing healthcare professionals involved in many aspects of patient care. The working patterns and professional practice of the radiography workforce (RW) has been altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on radiography practice in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods:

An online cross-sectional survey of the UK RW was performed (March 25th to April 26th, 2020). The survey sought information regarding 1. Demographics 2. Impact of the pandemic on professional practice 3. Infection prevention/control and 4. COVID-19 related stress. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.26).

Results:

A total of 522 responses were received, comprising n = 412 (78.9%) diagnostic and n = 110 (21.1%) therapeutic RW categories from across the UK. 12.5% (65/522) of the respondents were redeployed. Redeployment did not appear to contribute (p = 0.31) to work-related stress. However, fear of contracting the infection and perceived inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) were identified as key contributors to stress during the study period. Compared to the therapeutic RW, a significantly higher proportion of the diagnostic RW identified fear of being infected as a major stressor (166/412 (40.3%) vs 30/110 (27.3%), p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

This survey has demonstrated changes to clinical practice, in particular to working patterns, service delivery and infection prevention and control were key contributors to workplace-related stress during the pandemic.

Advances in knowledge:

Timely and adequate staff training and availability of PPE as well as psychosocial support during future pandemics would enhance quality patient and staff safety.
The politics of staying behind the frontline of coronavirus
Authors: Davies Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Intended as a contribution to the Waiting in Pandemic Times project Collection in response to COVID-19, this short theoretical paper views the coronavirus crisis in terms of its unpredictable effects on the interior life of the National Health Service (NHS) workforce. Written immediately following the suspension (due to the pandemic) of an ethnographic investigation of waiting in a general practice in London, it tracks the first signs that working definitions of time would struggle to survive the onset of a temporality of acute crisis in the NHS. The paper considers what it might mean for healthcare practitioners at this particular moment in the NHS’s history to be living through an experience of ‘the ordinary’ breaking down. It also follows hints of new temporal modes of care appearing during this same period when one kind of crisis in the NHS has been put on hold, and another (the crisis of coronavirus) is just getting underway.
Editorial
Authors: Stadtlober Cláudia de Salles
Published: September 2020

Editorial
Absorption enhancement by semi-cylindrical-shell-shaped structures for an organic solar cell application
Authors: Hah Dooyoung
Published: September 2020

Organic solar cells are attractive for various applications with their flexibility and low-cost manufacturability. In order to increase their attractiveness in practice, it is essential to improve their energy conversion efficiency. In this work, semi-cylindrical-shell-shaped structures are proposed as one of the approaches, aiming at absorption enhancement in an organic solar cell. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) blended with indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA) is considered as the active layer. Light coupling to the guided modes and a geometrical advantage are attributed to this absorption enhancement. Finite-difference time-domain methods and finite element analysis are used to examine the absorption spectra for two types of devices, i.e., a debossed type and an embossed type. It is shown that absorption enhancement increases as the radius of the cylinder increases, but reaches a saturation at about 4-µm radius. The average absorption enhancement with an active layer thickness of 200 nm and radius of 4 µm, and for incidence angles between 0° and 70°, is found as 51%–52% for TE-polarized input and as 30%–33% for TM-polarized input when compared to a flat structure. Another merit of the proposed structures is that the range of incidence angles where the integrated absorption is at the level of the normal incidence is significantly broadened, reaching 70°–80°. This feature can be highly useful especially when organic solar cells are to be placed around a round object. The study results also exhibit that the proposed devices bear broadband absorption characteristics.
Image scanning microscopy with multiphoton excitation or Bessel beam illumination
Authors: Sheppard Colin J. R. , Castello Marco , Tortarolo Giorgio , Slenders Eli , Deguchi Takahiro , Koho Sami V. , Vicidomini Giuseppe , Diaspro Alberto
Published: September 2020

Image scanning microscopy is a technique of confocal microscopy in which the confocal pinhole is replaced by a detector array, and the image is reconstructed most straightforwardly by pixel reassignment. In the fluorescence mode, the detector array collects most of the fluorescent light, so the signal-to-noise ratio is much improved compared with confocal microscopy with a small pinhole, while the resolution is improved compared with conventional fluorescence microscopy. Here we consider two cases in which the illumination and detection point spread functions are dissimilar: illumination with a Bessel beam and multiphoton microscopy. It has been shown previously that for Bessel beam illumination in image scanning microscopy with a large array, the imaging performance is degraded. On the other hand, it is also known that the resolution of confocal microscopy is improved by Bessel beam illumination. Here we analyze image scanning microscopy with Bessel beam illumination together with a small array and show that an improvement in transverse resolution (width of the point spread function) by a factor of 1.78 compared with a conventional fluorescence microscope can be obtained. We also examine the behavior of image scanning microscopy in two- or three-photon fluorescence and for two-photon excitation also with Bessel beam illumination. The combination of the optical sectioning effect of image scanning microscopy with multiphoton microscopy reduces background from the sample surface, which can increase penetration depth. For a detector array size of two Airy units, the resolution of two-photon image scanning microscopy is a factor 1.85 better and the peak of the point spread function 2.84 times higher than in nonconfocal two-photon fluorescence. The resolution of three-photon image scanning microscopy is a factor 2.10 better, and the peak of the point spread function is 3.77 times higher than in nonconfocal three-photon fluorescence. The resolution of two-photon image scanning microscopy with Bessel beam illumination is a factor 2.13 better than in standard two-photon fluorescence. Axial resolution and optical sectioning in two-photon or three-photon fluorescence are also improved by using the image scanning modality.
Graphene-tuned EIT-like effect in photonic multilayers for actively controlled light absorption of topological insulators
Authors: Lu Hua , Li Yangwu , Yue Zengji , Mao Dong , Zhao Jianlin
Published: September 2020

As newly emerging nanomaterials, topological insulators with unique conducting surface states that are protected by time-reversal symmetry present excellent prospects in electronics and photonics. The active control of light absorption in topological insulators are essential for the achievement of novel optoelectronic devices. Herein, we investigate the controllable light absorption of topological insulators in Tamm plasmon multilayer systems composed of a Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2 (BSTS) film and a dielectric Bragg mirror with a graphene-involved defect layer. The results show that an ultranarrow electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like window can be generated in the broad absorption spectrum. Based on the EIT-like effect, the Tamm plasmon enhanced light absorption of topological insulators can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the gate voltage on graphene in the defect layer. These results will pave a new avenue for the realization of topological insulator-based active optoelectronic functionalities, for instance light modulation and switching.
Supercontinuum-induced multi-wavelength third-harmonic generation in a suspended-core microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Cheng Tonglei , Zhou Xue , Sun Yue , Yan Xin , Zhang Xuenan , Wang Fang , Li Shuguang , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we reported a multi-wavelength third-harmonic generation (THG) induced by supercontinuum (SC) in an in-house fabricated suspended-core microstructured optical fiber (MOF). The adjustment of pump wavelength and pump power exerted an influence on SC which simultaneously emitted third harmonic (TH) waves in the visible light range. At the pump wavelength of 1220 nm and the average pump power of 450 mW, a multi-wavelength TH spectrum (373∼589 nm) with over twenty distinct peaks was observed under the phase matching (PM) condition between the fundamental mode and the higher-order modes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on THG in optical fibers with so great a number of wavelengths. The maximal THG conversion efficiency ∼6.791 × 10−4 was obtained at 1480 nm, 350 mW, which is highly competitive compared with the values reported previously. Furthermore, theoretical simulation has been carried out, which corresponded well with the experimental observation. This multi-wavelength THG in the suspended-core MOF may provide a unique pathway towards tailored multi-wavelength ultrafast light sources for applications in sensing and imaging technologies.
Broadband high-resolution terahertz single-pixel imaging
Authors: Vallés Adam , He Jiahuan , Ohno Seigo , Omatsu Takashige , Miyamoto Katsuhiko
Published: September 2020

We report a simple single-pixel imaging system with a low mean squared error in the entire terahertz frequency region (3-13 THz) that employs a thin metallic ring with a series of directly perforated random masks and a subpixel mask digitization technique. This imaging system produces high pixel resolution reconstructed images, up to 1200 × 1200 pixels, and imaging area of 32 × 32 mm2. It can be extended to develop advanced imaging systems in the near-ultraviolet to terahertz region.
Phase tristability in parametric three-photon down-conversion
Authors: Miri Mohammad-Ali
Published: September 2020

This Letter shows that the parametric processes of spontaneous three-photon down-conversion is accompanied by phase tristability of the sub-harmonic signal. The oscillations of the signal in a resonant cavity are modeled through an analytically solvable second-order nonlinear oscillator. Self-sustained oscillations of the signal at a finite amplitude are found to be equally probable in three states with uniform phase contrasts. The onset of oscillations is a case of bifurcation from infinity. The stability of the ternary states is proven through an energy landscape function that identifies the attractor basins of the three states. An analogy is drawn between the oscillation threshold of a three-photon down-conversion oscillator and a first-order phase transition. The investigated phase-tristable oscillator can serve as a classical ternary bit for unconventional computing applications.
Sub-200  fs, 344  MHz mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Lai Weiyu , Zhang Hui , Zhu Zexiu , Yan Peiguang , Ruan Shuangchen , Sun Zhipei , Wang Jinzhang
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a compact, self-starting mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE), with a fundamental repetition rate of

∼

344

M
H
z

and a pulse duration of

∼

160

f
s

. The generated pulses centered at

∼

1975

n
m

have a maximum output power of

∼

560

m
W

, corresponding to a pulse energy of

∼

1.63

n
J

. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved repetition rate represents the highest value of fundamentally NPE mode-locked fiber lasers at

∼

2

µ

m

, while the average output power is also higher than the previously reported 2 µm ultrafast single-mode fiber oscillators. The timing jitter in the integrated range [5 kHz, 10 MHz] and the integrated relative intensity noise in the range [10 Hz, 10 MHz] reach

∼

35

f
s

and

∼

0.009

%

, respectively. Our high-performance laser is an ideal candidate for various applications, including mid-infrared frequency metrology and high-speed optical sampling.
Partially coherent Pearcey–Gauss beams
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Pang Zihao , Zhao Daomu
Published: September 2020

We investigate the dynamics of partially coherent Pearcey–Gauss beams propagating in free space, theoretically and experimentally. They are produced by introducing the degree of coherence (DOC) function with Gaussian Schell-model correlation into the light source in the frequency domain. Under a nearly incoherent state, the oscillation of the sidelobe turns smooth, and the intensity distribution concentrates on the mainlobe. Particularly, partially coherent Pearcey–Gauss beams would maintain the inherent properties of autofocusing performance and inversion effect without diminishing the autofocusing distance and form-invariable propagation. Moreover, the opening angle and the shift of peak intensity of the beams can be controlled by the binary parabola in the spectrum distribution of the Pearcey function. Our experimental results are in great agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Watt-level ultrafast bulk laser with a graphdiyne saturable absorber mirror
Authors: Hao Qianqian , Guo Jia , Yin Luying , Ning Tingyin , Ge Yanqi , Liu Jie
Published: September 2020

Few-layered graphdiyne (GDY) was successfully fabricated and applied as a saturable absorber to generate a watt-level ultrafast solid-state bulk laser. The maximum output power of up to 1.27 W was obtained with a pulse width of 23 ps and a repetition rate of 92.9 MHz, using

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

crystal as a gain medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of GDY as a mode locker in all-solid-state bulk lasers. These results indicate the promising potential of GDY for producing high-power ultrafast lasers.
Digitalisierung und Resilienz in der Food Supply Chain
Authors: Hofmeier Manfred , Lechner Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Im durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und das österreichische Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus geförderten Forschungsprojekt NutriSafe wurde die Studie „NutriSafe Monitor – Resilienz und Blockchain-Technologie in Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik“ durchgeführt. Entscheider in Unternehmen der Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik im deutschsprachigen Raum wurden in einer Online-Umfrage zu den Themen Resilienz, Digitalisierung, Transparenz und Produktrückverfolgung sowie Chancen und Risiken von Blockchain-Technologie befragt. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse der Online-Umfrage zur Resilienz und erweitert diese um bivariate Analysen zur Resilienz im Hinblick auf die Digitalisierung. Resilienz wird hier verstanden als Komplex aus Robustheit und Anpassungsfähigkeit und flexible Reaktion auf Störungen und disruptive Veränderungen. Bisher ist wenig über das Thema Resilienz in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen der Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik bekannt. Der vorliegende Beitrag füllt diese Lücke und analysiert Faktoren der Resilienz (Unterbrechungen in der Wertschöpfungskette, Störungen im Unternehmen, Verwundbarkeit und Bewältigungskapazitäten), Indikatoren der Resilienz sowie die Zusammenhänge mit dem Digitalisierungsgrad in diesen Unternehmen. Ziel der Analyse ist ein Lagebild der Resilienz und der Digitalisierung in Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik und eine Grundlage zu schaffen, um mögliche Auswirkungen voranschreitender Digitalisierung auf die Lebensmittelversorgung abschätzen zu können.
One biennale, two systems: On the Shenzhen–Hong Kong Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture
Authors: Xianmei Luo
Published: September 2020

The Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB) has been hampered in achieving a ‘co-construction’ between Shenzhen and Hong Kong since its debut. The twin exhibitions have distinct organizational structures, funding resources and curatorial strategies. The reasons for the frictions or disconnections within UABB can be roughly divided into three levels: the organizational level, the intercity governmental level and the societal level. Both organizers have made efforts to integrate the two into a real bi-city biennale, but the exhibition has tended to diverge and develop more towards two independent biennales. In a situation in which UABB is increasingly open to international participants, it has reached a stage in which it is constrained by the financial, administrative and political boundaries, and the outlook of the bi-city vision remains worrying.
Guangzhou Airport Biennale: Competition and confrontation in villagers-led participation
Authors: Shenglan Yu
Published: September 2020

This article examines a brand new member of the biennale system in China, the Guangzhou Airport Biennale, in Fenghe Village, Renhe Town, Guangdong Province, and focuses on its first edition in 2019 entitled Extreme Mix, by analysing the topic of social engagement and public participation. In other words, the discussion below is two-way – not only art engaging in society but also public participating in art – and is principally about the latter. The interventions in question were initiated and activated preponderantly by the local residents in the biennale and artworks. Most notably, their line of practices was replete with competitiveness and confrontationality. It will be argued that although intention-wise the biennale was not dedicated to be socially relational and participatory, it ended up being strongly so, owing to the agency and creativity of the villagers. Using Clarie Bishop’s theory of antagonism, the conclusion of the article is that the competition, confrontation and debates are conducive for the fostering of democracy.
Emerging Topics in Management Studies
Authors: Silva Patrícia Pereira da , Jorge Susana , Sá Patrícia Moura e
Published: September 2020

Presently, Management has witnessed vast advancements, clearly becoming an area of trans and interdisciplinary knowledge. It has widened its scope from traditional business areas – such as marketing, strategy, management control, accounting and finance, taxation or operations – to other spaces, namely deepening bridges with behavioural sciences, engineering, health, or energy, fostering both quantitative models and methods. Management thinking at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC) has followed these trends, enabling students with the essential skills supporting the practice of the profession, both in business and public sector organisations. This book features topical trends of research in Management studies, in which FEUC professors are involved, together with international peers, evidencing the openness of the Faculty to the world. Numerous of the subjects addressed relate to challenges that organisations are already facing or will have to deal with shortly. Therefore, the book not only presents innovative research questions, but it also delivers a practical perspective. Thus, organisations will certainly find here some support to better manage those issues in practice.
Optimization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Electron Transport Layer Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Augustine Deborah , Rosa Erlyta Septa , Prastomo Niki , Shobih Shobih
Published: September 2020

Research about mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cell has been done to obtain the best fabricated cell’s performance. In this research, the concentrations of opaque and transparent TiO2 nanoparticle were varied, in order to optimize the TiO2 mesoporous electron transport layer in FTO/CL-TiO2/MS-TiO2/Perovskite/P3HT/Ag perovskite-based solar cell. Morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of TiO2 layers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four-point probe (FPP), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influences of those characteristics in solar cell performance were analyzed by using illumination of sun simulator with a light intensity of 500 W/m2. The results showed that transparent TiO2 has a higher conductivity and transmittance compared to the opaque TiO2. The concentration of TiO2 solutionin1:17 ratio resulted in higher electrical performance in both the transparent and opaque TiO2 layer. The best perovskite solar cell performance with PCE of 0.37% was achieved from the sample using TiO2 transparent layer with a concentration of 1:7 ratio.
Effects of Peer Support Program on Self-Management in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Husain Fida' , Kusuma Henni , Johan Andrew
Published: September 2020

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis require essential self-management to lifestyle changes to minimize the risk of complications, morbidity, and mortality. Efforts made to improve self-management of hemodialysis patients in previous studies were carried out by health workers that may not provide 'real' knowledge, while peer support programs carried out by patients as peers to share their experiences may provide more benefits.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of peer support programs on improving self-management in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design and involved a total of 33 patients in the control group and 32 patients in the intervention group, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were recruited consecutively. The intervention of peer support programs was implemented through information support, emotional support, and mutual reciprocity in groups of 10-12 people to share experiences related to their self-management. The intervention was given for six sessions; each lasted for 30-45 minutes. The data were collected using the Indonesian version of the hemodialysis self-management instrument (HDSMI) and analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and independent-sample t-test.Results: The results showed that after the intervention, the mean score of self-management in the intervention group increased from 79.47±7.919 to 90.75±7.089, and in the control group, the mean increased from 81.88±8.291 to 82.12±7.692. After the implementation of peer support programs, there was a significant difference in the score of self-management between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Peer support programs gave an effect on increasing self-management in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis. Peer support programs should be introduced early to ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis so that they can learn about self-management from other patients.
Self-Efficacy Affects Cancer Patients in Solving Problems, Seeking Support and Avoiding Problems as Coping Mechanisms
Authors: Werdani Yesiana Dwi Wahyu , Silab Pascalis Arief Ardiansyah
Published: September 2020

Background: Cancer is a disease that causes various physical and mental problems. Being diagnosed with cancer affects the self-efficacy and behavior of individuals to choose a coping mechanism in facing the problem.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems as coping mechanisms in cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 cancer patients selected using a total sampling technique from two public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Coping Strategy Indicator, and analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk for data normality, and linear regression to determine the effects of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems with p< 0.05.  Results: The results showed the participants’ rate of self-efficacy levels (M=3.26), and coping mechanism levels in solving problems (M=3.46), seeking support (M=2.88), and avoiding problems (M=3.27), as well as mean scores of self-efficacy (32.6±3.8), solving problems (34.6±3.8), seeking support (31.8±3.7), and avoiding problems (32.7±3.2). Based on the linear regression test, there was a significant effect self-efficacy on solving problems (p<0.001; R2=0.97), seeking support (p<0.001; R2=0.98), and avoiding problems (p<0.001; R2=0.98) as coping mechanisms.  Conclusion: Cancer patients who had high self-efficacy scores would choose solving problems and seeking support as the coping mechanisms, but those with lower scores on self-efficacy prefer to avoid the problems.
Students’ Views of Classroom Debates as a Strategy to Enhance Critical Thinking and Oral Communication Skills
Authors: Nurakhir Asih , Nindya Palupi Fiqih , Langeveld Cornelia , Nurmalia Devi
Published: September 2020

Background: The skills in effective communication and critical thinking are essential for nurses to apply appropriate judgments in the delivery of patient care. Classroom debates are evident to be an effective strategy that can be used to improve such skills. Unfortunately, research focusing on classroom debates to promote critical thinking and oral communication skills among nursing students has not been extensively explored.   Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students’ views of classroom debates as a learning strategy to enhance critical thinking and oral communication skills.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study. Twelve students of the undergraduate program in nursing with classroom debate experiences and willingness to participate were purposively recruited for semi-structured interviews. Open-ended questions were used, and probing questions were also generated from the participants to get more detailed information. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the inductive content analysis. Results: The results of the study identified five themes, including the acquisition of new knowledge, awareness and responsiveness to diverse viewpoints and arguments, learning structuring ideas and appropriate ways of presentation, development of other necessary skills, and challenges of classroom debates in nursing education.  Conclusion: Classroom debates promoted the development of critical thinking and oral communication skills, and offered students an opportunity to develop other necessary skills in the face of today’s complex healthcare. Classroom debates can be integrated into the curriculum and teaching practices of any nursing educational institutions.
Development of a Near-Surface SWRC Device (NSD) for Measuring Suction under Low Stress Environments
Authors: Taylor Oliver-Denzil S. , Cunningham Amy L. , Walshire Lucas A.
Published: September 2020

The soil-water retention curve (SWRC) is fundamental in understanding unsaturated soil behavior and is related to both the unsaturated shear strength and hydraulic conductivity. The SWRC shows that a saturated soil undergoing a drying process will see an increase in matric suction as the water content decreases and vice versa as soil moisture increases. Laboratory devices and techniques used to determine the SWRC operate using uniaxial translation and significant confining pressures to derive matric suction and inferred behavioral characteristics, specifically around the residual suction and air-entry values. Current laboratory data and devices may not adequately represent near-surface soils and their resulting behavior, especially soils at or near atmospheric (zero gage) confining pressures as demonstrated through unconfined self-supported sand sample testing. These tests indicate that failure occurs at approximately 72 % saturation, well below the SWRC air-entry value for the same soil. To correct this shortcoming, a newly designed near-surface SWRC laboratory device (NSD) is presented wherein unconfined self-supporting nonplastic specimens are subjected to three-dimensional vapor flow in a controlled temperature/humidity chamber. The interior specimen humidity and temperature were measured through novel internal microsensors located within the top and bottom third of the specimen, whereas the mass of the pore fluid was measured via an external scale to prevent thermal balancing errors. A parametric analysis of a poorly graded sand was undertaken to compare the NSD results to those obtained from traditional uniaxial translation techniques. The preliminary results from the NSD provide insight into the discrepancies between confined and unconfined unsaturated soil behavior, specifically with the contributions of suction to the granular structure of cohesionless material.
Optogenetic Stimulation of Type I GAD65+Cells in Taste Buds Activates Gustatory Neurons and Drives Appetitive Licking Behavior in Sodium-Depleted Mice
Authors: Baumer-Harrison Caitlin , Raymond Martin A. , Myers Thomas A. , Sussman Kolbe M. , Rynberg Spencer T. , Ugartechea Amanda P. , Lauterbach Dean , Mast Thomas G. , Breza Joseph M.
Published: September 2020

Mammalian taste buds are comprised of specialized neuroepithelial cells that act as sensors for molecules that provide nutrition (e.g., carbohydrates, amino acids, and salts) and those that are potentially harmful (e.g., certain plant compounds and strong acids). Type II and III taste bud cells (TBCs) detect molecules described by humans as “sweet,” “bitter,” “umami,” and “sour.” TBCs that detect metallic ions, described by humans as “salty,” are undefined. Historically, type I glial-like TBCs have been thought to play a supportive role in the taste bud, but little research has been done to explore their role in taste transduction. Some evidence implies that type I cells may detect sodium (Na+) via an amiloride-sensitive mechanism, suggesting they play a role in Na+taste transduction. We used an optogenetic approach to study type I TBCs by driving the expression of the light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in type I GAD65+TBCs of male and female mice. Optogenetic stimulation of GAD65+TBCs increased chorda tympani nerve activity and activated gustatory neurons in the rostral nucleus tractus solitarius. “N neurons,” whose NaCl responses were blocked by the amiloride analog benzamil, responded robustly to light stimulation of GAD65+TBCs on the anterior tongue. Two-bottle preference tests were conducted under Na+-replete and Na+-deplete conditions to assess the behavioral impact of optogenetic stimulation of GAD65+TBCs. Under Na+-deplete conditions GAD65-ChR2-EYFP mice displayed a robust preference for H2O illuminated with 470 nm light versus nonilluminated H2O, suggesting that type I glial-like TBCs are sufficient for driving a behavior that resembles Na+appetite.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first investigation on the role of type I GAD65+taste bud cells (TBCs) in taste-mediated physiology and behavior via optogenetics. It details the first definitive evidence that selective optogenetic stimulation of glial-like GAD65+TBCs evokes neural activity and modulates behavior. Optogenetic stimulation of GAD65+TBCs on the anterior tongue had the strongest effect on gustatory neurons that responded best to NaCl stimulation through a benzamil-sensitive mechanism. Na+-depleted mice showed robust preferences to “light taste” (H2O illuminated with 470 nm light vs nonilluminated H2O), suggesting that the activation of GAD65+cells may generate a salt-taste sensation in the brain. Together, our results shed new light on the role of GAD65+TBCs in gustatory transduction and taste-mediated behavior.
Cartografando as performances do professor
Authors: Pereira Rachel Denise
Published: September 2020

presente artigo pretende traçar uma breve cartografia de diferentes performancespedagógicas relativas à práxis docente em sala de aula. Esta cartografia é parte da pesquisa realizada durante o mestrado no PPG – IA/UNESP, intitulada “Adote um artista não deixe ele virar professor: reflexões em torno do híbrido professor performer”, a qual almeja provocar questionamentos em torno de como professoras e professores transitam entre diferentes paradigmas de educação para se constituírem enquanto tal, ao exercerem o ofício do ensino de artes no contexto da educação formal. Para tanto, proponho um diálogo com as concepções de professor-profeta, em um estudo dos escritos de Silvio Gallo; professor-artista, na perspectiva de Elyse Lamm Pineau; e de professor-performer, desenvolvida por Naira Ciotti, como possíveis recortes para uma investigação inicial das performatividades docentes.
Metáforas del cuerpo: el lenguaje artístico como recurso de la memoria
Authors: Dobinger–Álvarez Quioto Josefina
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza el trabajo realizado por la organización hondureña Mujeres en las Artes (MUA) durante los últimos 20 años. A partir de relatos de vida y de creaciones artísticas, como representación, interpretación y explicación del mundo cotidiano, se considera al cuerpo como territorio, como metáfora que agencia procesos personales y colectivos que hacen del lenguaje artístico un auxiliar de la memoria y una vía para brindar sentido a la existencia. Así, la violencia, el trauma, la huella, el olvido y el silencio se confrontan a los discursos paradigmáticos que sustentan la cultura y la ciencia y dan cuenta de un conocimiento, de un aprendizaje de las cosas que el cuerpo es capaz de explorar, como lo advierte Merleau Ponty.
Validación del protocolo Five Dot Drill para medir coordinación y agilidad en jugadores de baloncesto entre los 10 y los 24 años de edad
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Jonathan Andrey , López Albornoz Claudia Liliana , Ramírez Ramírez Laura Ramírez Ramírez Katherinne , Ramírez Villada Jhon Fredy , Cadena Laura
Published: September 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue la validación del protocolo Five Dot Drill en basquetbolistas entre los 10 y 24 años de edad. Se tomaron tres grupos de 20 personas por rangos de edad, completando un total de 60 personas, con los que se realizó la recolección de datos aplicando a cada grupo el protocolo Five Dot Drill, implementando la herramienta del OptoGait, el Test de Agilidad Illinois y la toma de perímetros y longitudes de miembro inferior. Posteriormente se aplicó un modelo estadístico que permitió establecer una relación entre los diferentes grupos y se realizaron pruebas de normalidad, las cuales concluyeron en resultados anormales respecto a la cantidad poblacional. El estudio mostró correlaciones por rangos de edad respecto a las pruebas estadísticas aplicadas; sin embargo, las variables antropométricas no establecen relación con las pruebas del Test de Illinois o delprotocolo Five Dot Drill, aunque la relación entre ambas pruebas argumenta que es posible utilizar el protocolo para estimar la agilidad en el baloncesto.
Deporte alternativo: una mirada sociológica ejemplificada desde el tchoukball
Authors: Carrillo Brugos Andrés Fabián , Granados López Orlando , Jiménez Gómez Samuel
Published: September 2020

El deporte alternativo: una mirada sociológica ejemplificada desde Tchoukball es una investigación académica que busca localizar los aspectos sociológicos más importantes de los deportes alternativos, tomando como ejemplo el tchoukball. En cuanto a la recolección de la información, se eligen dos poblaciones de estudio, un grupo con el que se llevó a cabo una entrevista; al segundo grupo de estudio, se le aplicó una encuesta. Los resultados que aquí se exponen, se presentan en unas categorías de análisis cualitativo. Finalmente, la investigación que se realiza está apoyada por una revisión de autores, tanto nacionales como internacionales; con ello se intenta proponer un enfoque de opinión con base en el contexto colombiano.
Relación entre agilidad y capacidades coordinativas en niños futbolistas
Authors: Viancha Amaya Luis Yesid , Acosta Tova Paulo Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Objetivo.Determinar la relación entre la agilidad y las capacidades coordinativasen niños de la Escuela de Formación Deportiva del Instituto Municipal de Deporte y Recreación de Tunja - IRDET. Metodología. Para esto 30 jugadores de género masculino fueron intervenidos, con edades comprendidas entre 12 a 14 años. Las capacidades de coordinación fueron evaluadas con el test motor de Caminero y la agilidad con el test de Illinois. Resultados. De manera grupal, en referencia a la agilidad, los participantes presentaron un tiempo promedio de 18.4223 ± 1.1779 segundos, y en lo referente a la capacidad coordinativa los participantes presentan un tiempo promedio de 18.9037 ± 1.59467 segundos. Conclusión.Existe una relación no significativa, débil y directa entre la agilidad y las capacidades coordinativas, lo cual indica que un aumento en la agilidad implica un incremento débil en las capacidades coordinativas y viceversa.
Factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que generan ansiedad y su implicación en el rendimiento deportivo
Authors: Monroy Ramírez María Paula
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender la relación entre los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que generan ansiedad y su implicación en el rendimiento deportivo. Métodos. Para esto, se realiza una revisión documental de artículos científicos publicados acerca de las variables predictoras de la ansiedad. Resultados. Varios estudios concuerdan en factores claves que conllevan a la presencia de esta variable en el deporte, identificando así, cuatro categorías que agrupan los factores intrínsecos: emocional, motivacional, cognitiva y de personalidad, y tres categorías de factores extrínsecos: deporte, relaciones interpersonales y género, donde se identifican relaciones puntuales entre categorías y la influencia negativa que generan en el rendimiento deportivo. Conclusión. En conclusión, el clima generado por el entrenador, como factor externo con mayor influencia, incide tanto en los factores intrínsecos como en el rendimiento deportivo.
Aportes del pensamiento de Bernard Lonergan a la fundamentación de los derechos humanos
Authors: Roy Lois
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se intenta una fundamentación de los derechos humanos desde la perspectivade Bernard Lonergan. La universalidad de éstos está cimentada en la naturalezahumana, que es dinámica, operante e histórica. La intencionalidad humana busca laobjetividad, desplegando su poder en cuatro niveles: la experiencia, la comprensión, eljuicio y la acción. De este dinamismo se desprenden cuatro preceptos: sé atento, séinteligente, sé razonable y sé responsable. El descubrimiento del valor de estos imperativosfundamenta y salvaguarda los derechos humanos. Su desconocimiento engendra ladistorsión del ser humano. Para corregir las desviaciones debe haber conversiones intelectuales,morales y religiosas, las cuales suponen la fe, ya que ésta permite reconocer conmás claridad los valores.
Perspectivas de cambio desde el Sur. Pensamiento crítico desde la raíz
Authors: Costanzo Mariagiulia
Published: September 2020

This contribution focuses on the criticism to dominant thinking, which takes shape in the neoliberal paradigm, the creator of social inequalities, structural poverty and environmental damages. An alternative expression to this model are the Latin American social movements, which take strength and make proposals from below, from the “margins” of society, representing the engine of a process of change and proposing an inclusive paradigm and capable of involving elements such as social justice and free access to land, among many others. In this sense, Good Living represents the inspiring principle of the indigenous movements that propose an alternative project that opposes the dominant paradigm and presents itself as respectful of diversity.
Transcriptional Enhancers inDrosophila
Authors: Small Stephen , Arnosti David N
Published: September 2020

Key discoveries in Drosophila have shaped our understanding of cellular “enhancers.” With a special focus on the fly, this chapter surveys properties of these adaptable cis-regulatory elements, whose actions are critical for the complex spatial/temporal transcriptional regulation of gene expression in metazoa. The powerful combination of genetics, molecular biology, and genomics available in Drosophila has provided an arena in which the developmental role of enhancers can be explored. Enhancers are characterized by diverse low- or high-throughput assays, which are challenging to interpret, as not all of these methods of identifying enhancers produce concordant results. As a model metazoan, the fly offers important advantages to comprehensive analysis of the central functions that enhancers play in gene expression, and their critical role in mediating the production of phenotypes from genotype and environmental inputs. A major challenge moving forward will be obtaining a quantitative understanding of how these cis-regulatory elements operate in development and disease.
LANSKAP MODERASI KEAGAMAAN SANTRI, REFLEKSI POLA PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN
Authors: Asrori Saifudin
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Positioning a pesantren in a series of continuum lines between liberals and conservatives, based on critical interpretations of religious texts as opposed to rigid and liberal understandings, is a misunderstanding of the landscape of religious moderation. This article elaborates on the complex process of Islamic boarding school understanding and practice in the midst of a religious shift towards a conservative direction. Through literature study based on a reading model based on maslahah on religious texts and the essence of religious texts based on the plurality of views of the schools of thought conducted by the Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. This article concludes that through preserving values through Pancajiwa and the motto of the pesantren, the integration between formal and informal curricula places Gontor's position as a moderate educational institution.Keywords: Islamic Moderation, Maslah, curriculum, PMDG, Indonesia. Abstrak. Memposisikan sebuah pesantren dalam rangkaian garis kontinum antara liberal dan konservatif, berdasarkan penafsiran kritis atas teks keagamaan sebagai lawan pemahaman kaku dan liberal, menjadi salah upaya memahami lanskap moderasi keagamaan. Artikel ini mengelaborasi proses kompleks pemahaman dan praktik keagamaan pesantren di tenggah pergeseran keagamaan ke arah konservatif. Melalui studi pustaka berdasarkan model pembacaan berdasarkan maslahah atas teks-teks keagamaan dan inti dari teks keagamaan berdasarkan pluralitas pandangan madzhab yang dilakukan oleh Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa nilai-nilai dilestarikan melalui pancajiwa dan motto pesantren, intergrasi antara kurikulum formal dan informal menempatkan posisi Gontor sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang moderat. Kata Kunci: Moderasi Islam; Maslahah; Kurikulum; PMDG; Indonesia.
LipStaT® Surgery, A Novel Technique for the Treatment of Gummy Smile: Case Report
Authors: Manzur Villalobos Isabella , Tovío Martínez Eilien Gisek , Guzmán Menco Eliana Marcela , Martínez Martínez Adel
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The lip stabilization technique (LipStaT®) is a novel surgical approach for the management of gummy smile. It is an outpatient technique, minimally invasive, with low risk of morbidity and low incidence of complications. The goal of the technique is to reduce the excessive gingival display during smile. Objective: to describe the LipStaT® technique including its indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical approach and patient post procedure care instructions. Clinical Cases: the authors present two female patients, aged 20 and 31 years, with excessive gingival display (over 3mm) and with experiences of failures with other procedures. The LipStaT® technique allowed to achieve aesthetic, harmonic and functional results. Conclusion: The LipStaT® technique is a safe outpatient procedure that allows to obtain predictable results, which are well accepted by patients.
Diagnóstico y manejo de lesiones vasculares en cabeza y cuello de pacientes pediátricos de la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, período 2012–2019
Authors: Sánchez Moreno María Alejandra , Esquivel Campo Diego Luis
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar el manejo y respuesta a tratamientos que presentaron los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con hemangiomas y malformaciones vasculares en cabeza y cuello, que acudieron al servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial de la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) durante el período 2012–2019. Métodos: 11 pacientes fueron atendidos en el servicio de cirugía oral y maxilofacial de la Fundación HOMI, entre enero de 2012 y noviembre de 2019, con diagnóstico de hemangioma y/o malformaciones vasculares. De estos, 9 fueron tratados con doxiciclina como agente esclerosante. Resultados: se atendieron 5 pacientes masculinos y 6 femeninos con rango de edad entre los 8 meses y 13 años, con un promedio de 86,8 meses. La escleroterapia se realizó con doxiciclina en dosis de 100 mg disuelta en una ampolla de bicarbonato de sodio de 10 ml, inyectada en 5 pacientes con ecografía y en 4 por aspiración directa. De los 11 pacientes, 9 fueron tratados con escleroterapia; de estos 5 recibieron una sesión de escleroterapia, mientras que a los otros 4 se les realizó entre 2 y 3 sesiones. En 5 pacientes fue posible hacer seguimiento, ya que la atención depende de la autorización de la EPS. Conclusiones: la doxiciclina como agente esclerosante utilizado en lesiones vasculares ha demostrado ser un medicamento seguro, de bajo costo y efectivo como tratamiento inicial de hemangiomas y malformaciones vasculares en la cara. El número de aplicaciones depende del tipo de lesión a tratar.
Implementação e continuidade do Ciclo PDCA: Um estudo de caso no setor metal mecânico
Authors: Possale Sergio , Callefi Jéssica Syrio
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a implementação e a continuidade do Ciclo PDCA como forma de gerenciamento para a aplicação de melhorias em toda a linha de produção de uma empresa do setor metal mecânico. Este estudo de caso teve início com a identificação das principais não conformidades existentes ao longo dos processos produtivos. Em seguida, utilizando o PDCA, planejou-se diversas melhorias em todos os setores da fábrica que foram aplicadas com o intuito de atingir algumas metas estabelecidas. Através do monitoramento dos indicadores relacionados a qualidade e produtividade, constatou-se uma redução de 55% nos custos da empresa com não conformidades e também ganhos de produtividades em alguns setores chave. Todas as alterações nos processos foram documentadas, para que as padronizações permanecessem inseridas na cultura da empresa. Como principal contribuição, verificou-se que, após notar os resultados de diminuição de custos, a empresa autorizou a implementação do PDCA como uma de suas estratégias de qualidade, dando continuidade ao programa de Gestão da Qualidade da empresa.
Application of the OEE tool in an auto parts industry’s production line
Authors: Godoy Hugo Carmaci Alves de , Santana Caio Roberto Ferreira , Cazarotto Tainá Gabriela da Silva , Barbosa Luciano Wallace Goncalves
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to work on lean manufacturing's theory of tools in practice in a multinational auto parts industry responsible for the exhaust industry, located in state of São Paulo, Brazil. When use tools like OEE, TPM and Kaizen, it is possible to analyze the conditions of the equipment in the current scenario in production, proposing improvements such as professional maintenance planning, generating Kaizens, facilitating periodic activities (inspection, cleaning, lubrication and others) and training the employees to perform the autonomous maintenance, reducing the paras and faults of the equipment. was possible to optimize the OEE indicators: availability, performance and quality, resulting in a significantly better overall efficiency index.