bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasite burden, distribution and immunopathology of Leishmania Martiniquensis - infected BALB/c mice in different routes and time points
Authors:   , Somboonpoonpol Nawaphat
Published: November 2023

Leishmaniasis is an emerging zoonotic vector-borne disease in Thailand transmitted by the bite of a tiny female phlebotomine sandfly. Autochthonous L. martiniquensis infection in Thai patients has been continuously reported since 2014 in patients co-infected with HIV, immunocompetent patient with or without underlying diseases and children. The objective of this study was to investigate the parasite burden, distribution and immunopathology in L. martiniquensis-infected BALB/c mice. Sixteen mice were intraperitoneally, i.p., intravenously, i.v., and subcutaneously, s.c., infected with 5x106 promastigotes of L. martiniquensis each. On 7, 14, 28 and 112 days post infection, dpi, 4 inoculated mice were euthanized from each inoculation group. Blood, livers, spleens, bone marrows, salivary glands and kidneys were collected at each time points. To detect the distribution of parasite, PCR targeting Leishmania-specific ITS1 genes was performed. DNA amplicons were detected from all BALB/c livers inoculated via i.v. and almost all mice via i.p. in all time points. For spleen, Leishmania DNAs were present in all time points from both i.v. and i.p. routes. Giemsa-stained impression smear of liver and spleen was conducted to analyse parasite burden in Leishman-Donovan unit (LDU). Via i.v. route, the highest parasite burden in liver was found on 7 dpi, 101 LDU, whereas it was shown in the spleen on 112 dpi, 3.1 LDU. To evaluate cell-mediated immune responses in liver, indirect immunohistochemical staining using L. martiniquensis-infected human serum was performed. The number of mature granuloma on 7, 14 and 28 dpi from i.v. route was found significantly superior than the non-infected control and other routes (p < 0.05). Reduction of immature and mature granuloma with development of involuting granuloma on 112 dpi in livers revealed the ability of BALB/c cellular immunity to control L. martiniquensis infection. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that L. martiniquensis is a causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice by experimental inoculation via i.v. and i.p. routes based on the presence of amastigotes as well as genomic DNAs of L. martiniquensis in important target organs.
Comparative in vitro killing activities of Enrofloxacin alone and in combination with Doxycycline against E. coli isolated from dogs and cats
Authors:   , Kireewan Supapatt
Published: November 2023

Enrofloxacin and doxycycline are two of the most frequently used antibacterial agents in the veterinary practice. Enrofloxacin exhibits bactericidal activity especially against Gram-negative bacteria, while doxycycline demonstrates only bacteriostatic effect and is the drug of choice for treating intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) in particular. On the occasion of Gram-negative bacteria and E. canis co-infection, using enrofloxacin in combination with doxycycline is inevitable. Theoretically, the antagonism between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents has been well established. However, the drug interaction between enrofloxacin and doxycycline has not been yet identified especially against a common pathogen, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare in vitro killing activities and times of enrofloxacin alone to its combination with doxycycline, against ten E. coli isolates derived from dogs and cats using time-kill curves. The combinations were tested into two ways - simultaneous and separated combinations (12-hour interval). The results showed that enrofloxacin alone could kill E. coli best with a log reduction of 3.96±0.49 (97.96-100.00% kill) within two hours, followed by the simultaneous combination with a log reduction of 3.78±0.37 (98.73-100.00% kill) within six hours, and the separated combination with a log reduction of 3.51±0.47 (99.19-100.00% kill) after 12 hours of enrofloxacin exposure. Moreover, when comparing time to 3 log reduction (T3K), the separated combination killed E. coli significantly slower than that of enrofloxacin alone (8.04±0.94 Vs 2.47±0.40 hours, P<0.05), which was consistent with the results of time to elimination (TE) (14.97±1.35 Vs 5.83±0.58 hours, P<0.05).  From this study, it can be concluded that the killing activity of enrofloxacin is reduced and delayed especially by the presence of doxycycline 12 hours prior to enrofloxacin. The findings in this study can be applied to predicting clinical outcomes from the use of enrofloxacin and doxycycline combination and to studying more about drug interaction between these two classes of antibacterial drugs in the future.
Analysis of Social Factors In Improving Access and Utilization of Healthcare Services In the Community
Authors: Shobichah Shobichah , Widya Astuti Aurelia
Published: November 2023

Healthcare is an essential aspect of societal well-being, and ensuring equitable access to healthcare services is crucial for achieving better health outcomes and improving the overall quality of life in communities. This study aims to analyze the social factors contributing to improving access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data collection is conducted through surveys using structured questionnaires distributed to random samples from relevant community populations. Meanwhile, qualitative data is gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants with experience and knowledge regarding healthcare service access and utilization. The analysis reveals several social factors influencing the enhancement of access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. Social factors such as education level, income level, socioeconomic status, and awareness of the importance of healthcare services play pivotal roles in determining the extent to which individuals and families can access and benefit from available healthcare services. Furthermore, social factors such as stigma towards specific diseases, culture, and traditions, and communication and information patterns within the community also impact healthcare service access and utilization. A comprehensive understanding of these factors will assist in designing appropriate interventions to improve access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. In conclusion, this research identifies critical social factors that contribute to improving access and utilization of healthcare services in the community.
Kullanıcıların Değişen Kütüphane Hizmetlerine Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: KAVAK Ali , ODABAŞ Hüseyin
Published: November 2023

Kütüphaneler, teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisiyle yapısal değişimler yaşamakta ve yeni sorumluluklar üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, kullanıcıların değişen kütüphane hizmetlerine ilişkin beklentilerini ve tutumlarını odak noktası olarak ele alarak kütüphanelerin hizmetlerini daha etkili ve kullanıcı dostu hale getirmek için öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Belgesel tarama yöntemi ve anket tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma kütüphane hizmetlerindeki değişimin kullanıcılar üzerindeki etkisini ve kullanıcıların kütüphane hizmetlerindeki bu değişimden beklentilerini belirlemektir. Sonuçlar, kütüphanelerin sadece bilgi kaynağı olmanın ötesinde toplumun sosyal ve kültürel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı hedeflemesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Kütüphanelerin sosyal mekânlar olarak işlev görmesi, çalışma ve öğrenme ortamları sunması, çocuklar ve diğer dezavantajlı gruplar için özel alanlar oluşturması, dijital kaynaklara erişimi kolaylaştırması ve kullanıcı eğitimlerine önem vermesi, yaşam boyu öğrenme sürecini desteklemesi gibi konularda kullanıcıların beklentilerini karşılaması gerektiği çalışmada vurgulanmaktadır. Bu beklentiler doğrultusunda kütüphaneler, kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarını daha iyi karşılamak ve hizmetlerini geliştirmek için çeşitli önlemler alması gerekir. Ayrıca, kullanıcı geri bildirimlerine dikkat ederek hizmetlerini iyileştirmeli ve toplumun farklı kesimlerini kapsayacak şekilde erişilebilir ve çeşitlendirilmiş hizmetler sunmalıdırlar. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kütüphanelerin hizmetlerini geliştirmek ve kullanıcıların beklentilerini karşılamak için önemli bir rehber niteliği taşımaktadır.
Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam Pada Tradisi Nganggung di Bangka Belitung
Authors: Maryamah Maryamah , Safitri Aisyah , Salsa Bella Hanum , Sabina Rini
Published: November 2023

Tradisi Nganggung berasal dari Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Dalam tradisi nganggung masyarakat yang berkumpul untuk menyediakan makanan dari rumahnya masing-masing ke tempat tertentu (hajatan) untuk dimakan bersama setelah ritual agama dan terlihat ikut serta dalam kegiatan gotong royong. Dalam hubungan dengan pendidikan Islam, budaya Nganggung di Bangka Belitung memiliki nilai-nilai yang penting untuk dianalisis. Nilai-nilai tersebut mencerminkan ajaran agama Islam yang diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat setempat.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai nilai-nilai pendidikan islam dalam tradisi nganggung Bangka Belitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah motode kualitatif dengan teknik pengunmpulan data melalui kuesioner digoogle form. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa nilai-nilai pendidikan islam dalam tradisi nganggung antara lain; nilai silahturami (Ukhuwah Islamiyah), tolong menolong (Ta’awun) dan berbagi kasih sayang (Tarhum) serta meningkatkan akidah akhlak. Dari tradisi ini dampak positif yang ditimbulkan adalah meningkatkan kebersamaan, meningkatkan ukhuwah islamiyah, mempertahankan tradisi, mendapatkan ridho ilahi, dan solidaritas komunitas.
Design of Automated Walk-Through Sanitizing Booth: A Preventive Measure Against Re-Emergence and Spread of COVID-19 Related Diseases
Authors: Adeleye Samson Adedayo , Olaiyapo Oluwafemi Festus , Adebanji Bankole
Published: November 2023

Considering the alarming rate with which the Corona-virus spread around the globe and its devastating effect on the economic, social and psychological well-being of the people worldwide, it is necessary to take measures that may prevent such re-occurrence in the nearest future. The impact of the virus was quite severe, indicating the importance of taking precautions. Realizing the gravity of the situation, governments all over the world, imposed a nationwide lockdown early on, which helped to decrease the possibility of community transmission. However, even after the lockdown, the risk of cross-contamination continues to be a significant concern. This risk was particularly high with asymptomatic individuals who can unknowingly spread the virus without exhibiting serious symptoms. Even now, that clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of some vaccines in reducing mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19. It is necessary to set up preventive measures in combating the occurrence or re-emergence of such pandemic Corona-virus related diseases in the nearest future. A full body sanitizing machine which can be easily constructed was designed in this work. This machine takes the form of a door and tunnel structure, with two sides enclosed by Chaka Plates and two sides open for entry and exit purposes. When a person enters the tunnel, a sensor located at the top center detects its presence and activates the motor, which initiates the entire system. A total of 8-10 sprayers are activated and spray the person's body, automatically stopping after 4 seconds. This machine is capable of sanitizing fifteen people per minute. The discharged fluid and the temperatures of ten individual samples were tested and analyzed in order to ensure that the booth is working effectively. The tested samples confirmed that the tested samples have not been previously infected with the COVID-19 virus.
(43.82 %, or 44.05 %)-Limiting Highest Efficiencies, Obtained Respectively in
Authors: Van-Cong Huynh
Published: November 2023

In the
Memento Movie: Blog zum audiovisuellen Erbe ist online
Authors: Keiper Jürgen
Published: November 2023

Gestern ist das Blog „Memento Movie. Materialien zum audiovisuellen Erbe“ online gegangen. Durch die Digitalisierung, aber auch durch neue Konzepte von Zugänglichkeit und Verbreitung, entstehen neue Optionen für die Gedächtnisorganisationen und den Umgang mit dem audiovisuellen Erbe insgesamt.
Bekommt das Web Kopierschutz? Doctorow vs. Berners-Lee
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Web-Erfinder Tim Berners-Lee streitet für das offene Internet, auf dem South by Southwest gerade in einer Keynote. Ein Detail seines Auftritts hat Widerspruch geerntet: Berners-Lee hat sich dafür ausgesprochen, Unterstützung für Kopierschutz in den HTML5-Standard zu integrieren.
LobbyPlag: Die Copy & Paste-Gesetzgeber aus Brüssel
Authors: Spielkamp Matthias
Published: November 2023

Die Diskussion um die EU-Datenschutzrichtlinie geht in die heiße Phase, da kommt das neue Projekt von Richard Gutjahr und Open Data City genau recht: das LobbyPlag, eine Crowdsourcing-Plattform, die dabei helfen soll herauszufinden, wie Großunternehmen Einfluss auf EU-Gesetzentwürfe nehmen.
David Bollier: Wir dürfen uns das Internet nicht einzäunen lassen
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: November 2023

Der Autor, Aktivist und Berater David Bollier im iRights.info-Interview über Gemeingüter, das Internet als geteilte Ressource und was sich vom mittelalterlichen Ritual „Beating the bounds” lernen lässt. Was sind Gemeingüter? Es sind geteilte Ressourcen, die zum Vorteil aller genutzt werden, so David Bollier im iRights.info-Interview.
BGH zu Online-Videorekordern, verwaiste Werke, Filesharing-Entscheidung
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der Bundesgerichtshof entscheidet erneut im Streit über Online-Videorekorder, das Kabinett beschließt Urheberrechtsänderungen bei verwaisten Werken und Zweitveröffentlichung, die BGH-Entscheidung zur Elternaufsicht beim Filesharing liegt jetzt vor. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Das Bundesverfassungsgericht ordnet Plätze für ausländische Medien im NSU-Prozess an, der Bundesgerichtshof erlaubt Einwilligungen in Werbeanrufe per AGB.
Google Glass: Was darf ein Datenbrillenträger?
Authors: Piltz Carlo
Published: November 2023

Googles neue Datenbrille kann Daten in einer neuen Qualität sammeln. Ihr Träger wirkt an Googles Datenbergen mit. Was sind die datenschutzrechtlichen Folgen?
BGH verhandelt zu Youtube-Embeds, Filehoster-Sperren, Google-Abmahnung
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der Bundesgerichtshof verhandelt über Youtube-Embeds, italienische Provider müssen Filesharing-Seiten sperren, Verbraucherschützer mahnen Google wegen eines toten Email-Briefkastens ab. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Plätze beim NSU-Prozess, Bilanz der Internet-Enquete, Urteil zum Prepaid-Dispo.
Streit um Youtube-Embeds wandert zum Europäischen Gerichtshof
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Der Europäische Gerichtshof muss prüfen, wie das Einbetten fremder Videos urheberrechtlich einzuordnen ist. Der Bundesgerichtshof hat heute entschieden, sich an die Luxemburger Richter zu wenden. Diese müssen jetzt entscheiden, ob es eine Form der „öffentlichen Wiedergabe” ist, ein Video auf einer anderen Website zu embedden.
Urheberrecht im Weltraum: A Space Oddity
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Wenn Chris Hadfield auf der Internationalen Raumstation ISS ein Lied von David Bowie covert, welches Urheberrecht gilt dann eigentlich? Man kann vermuten: Die Antwort ist nicht ganz leicht. Zum Glück hat der „Economist” sich des Themas angenommen und die Frage in einem schönen Erklärstück untersucht.
LSR-Anhörung: Wer sagt was?
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Nach Jahren der hitzigen Debatte nähert sich das Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlage der Abstimmung im Bundestag. Vor der Anhörung im Rechtsausschuss zeigt iRights.info die sehr unterschiedlichen Positionen der Sachverständigen. Das Leistungsschutzrecht sieht vor, dass Presseverlegern das ausschließliche Recht zugestanden wird, ihre Presseerzeugnisse oder Teile davon zu gewerblichen Zwecken im Internet zugänglich zu machen.
Digitale Oasen, Öffentlichkeit und Urheberrecht
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Der Schriftsteller und Filmemacher Alexander Kluge hat unter dem Titel „Die Entsprechung einer Oase” einen Essay veröffentlicht, der sich um die digitale Öffentlichkeit dreht. Kluge sieht eine neue Dimension der Kommunikation im Netz: Es gibt ein Echo, jeder kann Inhalte weiterverwenden und verändern. Unter einer Oase versteht er eine Art Ruhepunkt in einer unendlichen Informationsfülle im Netz.
Thomas Hoeren: „Kontrolle im Netz ist eine gefährliche Illusion“
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Nicht immer wird demonstriert, wenn Eingriffe in die Freiheit des Internets drohen, beobachtet der Medienrechtler Thomas Hoeren. Die Lobby der Unterhaltungsindustrie setze weiter auf Geheimlobbyismus und Gerichtsverfahren, um Sperrmodelle durchzubekommen.  Der folgende Text stammt aus „Das Netz 2012“, dem Jahresrückblick Netzpolitik von iRights. Das ganze Heft können Sie als E-Book oder Print kaufen. 
GEMA vs. Youtube (XXI): Meteor im Ural
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Der Meteor über Russland war der Youtube-Hit des Wochenendes, dank der dort verbreiteten Dashcams in Autos war das Ereignis wirklich umfassend dokumentiert. Hierzulande hat das auch für eine neue Episode der unvermeidlichen GEMA/Youtube-Soap gesorgt, denn einige der Videos waren wegen darin enthaltener Autoradio-Musik nicht verfügbar.
EU-Gericht: Verwertungsgesellschaften haben kein Kartell gebildet
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Urteil des Gerichts der Europäischen Union am Freitag: Gegenseitige Vereinbarungen von Verwertungsgesellschaften in Europa haben nicht gegen das Kartellrecht verstoßen. Der Dachverband CISAC hatte gegen die Europäische Kommission geklagt und jetzt – teilweise – Recht bekommen.
ASCII für alle: Von Project Gutenberg bis heute
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Online-Archive wie „Project Gutenberg” und das „Internet Archive” arbeiten beharrlich daran, die Public Domain ins Netz zu bringen. Unter widrigen Rahmenbedingungen. Grafik: Europeana Connect, KL/BNL/IVIR (CC BY) Wenn man die Geburtsstunde der digitalen Public Domain datieren wollte, würde man wohl auf den 4. Juli 1971 stoßen.
„Teilen”, „Kopieren”, „Stehlen” und was in einem Wort steckt
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Im Netz findet ständig derselbe Vorgang statt, aber es gibt unterschiedliche Begriffe dafür. Facebook und andere Social-Media-Plattformen machten den Begriff des  Teilens  populär. Wer Informationen im Web sammelt und weiterverbreitet, der teilt. Wer das gleiche aber mit Musik macht, der gilt als Dieb und Krimineller, jedenfalls wenn es nach der Musikindustrie geht.
Neuer Streit um Künstlersozialabgabe
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Die Zukunft der Künstlersozialkasse sorgt für neue Auseinandersetzungen: Arbeitsministerin von der Leyen will die Betriebsprüfungen für die Abgaben von Verwertern und anderen Unternehmen ausweiten. Sie zahlen zusammen mit den Versicherten und dem Bund in das KSK-System ein. Die entsprechenden Kontrollen sollen in Zukunft durchgängig von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) durchgeführt werden. DRV und Wirtschaftsverbände sind dagegen.
Open Access: Fachgesellschaften in der Kritik
Authors: Herb Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Die Fachgesellschaften der wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen tun sich mit dem freien und offenen Zugang zu Publikationen häufig schwerer als so mancher Großverlag. Ein Boykott-Aufruf gegen die „Association for Computing Machinery” könnte nun einen Wandel anstoßen. Wissenschaftliche Fachgesellschaften dienen im Allgemeinen der politischen und wissenschaftspolitischen Interessensvertretung ihrer Community.
Finite element analysis of bond behavior in corroded reinforced concrete beams: State-of-the-art
Authors: Arunkumar Y.M. , Prashanth Shreelaxmi , Pandit Poornachandra , Girish M.G. , Shetty Amogh
Published: November 2023

The article conducts a comprehensive examination of various aspects related to rebar corrosion, encompassing the corrosion mechanism, its implications on design criteria, the modeling of bond interfaces under both corroded and non-corroded conditions, and the modeling of reinforced concrete (RC) beams affected by corrosion, employing both empirical and analytical methodologies. The initial stages of corrosion instigate a gradual transformation of rebar into rust. One notable consequence of reinforcement corrosion is the generation of expansive pressure, leading to concrete cracking, spalling, and detachment of the concrete cover. Additionally, it diminishes the effective cross sectional area of the rebar, ultimately resulting in a decline in the concrete's bond strength and gradual structural deterioration. Ultimately, continuous corrosion can lead to a complete loss of bond between the concrete and rebar, representing the most severe form of damage attributable to corrosion. This poses a critical threat, particularly in cases where the beam functions as an unreinforced structure, potentially culminating in sudden structural failure. This paper primarily underscores the utilization of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for evaluating the impact of bond deterioration between concrete and reinforcement caused by corrosion. The paper effectively employs this technique to predict and analyze the structural damage in corroded RC beam specimens.
The Importance of Mental Health in Digital Learning: A Cross-sectional Study of Chinese Undergraduates
Authors: Xu Ting
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The digital transformation of the education system has been introduced in China. COVID-19 is largely responsible for this shift and adoption of digital learning. Many Chinese undergraduates face problems in using digital learning platforms for their education. The
current research aimed to investigate the impact of mental health on the digital learning of undergraduates in China. Methods: I collected data from 799 Chinese undergraduates in different colleges and schools via a questionnaire. Results: Digital learning by Chinese undergraduates
is possible when accompanied by mental health, parent support, technical training, and innovation adoption. Conclusions: The research has significance because of its novelty in the literature. The scope of this research is limited to cross-sectional data from selected undergraduate
students in China. This research brings new theoretical knowledge to the literature. The limitations in the current research can be addressed in future studies.
Enhancing Hydrogen Storage in AZ31 Alloy through Pd/G Composite
Authors: Huang Song-Jeng , Lai Chen-Ju , Rajagopal Veeramanikandan , Chang Wen-Lie
Published: November 2023

In this research, we investigated the catalytic effects of Palladium/Graphene(Pd/G) on AZ31 alloy for hydrogen storage. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to confirm the homogeneous distribution of AZ31 and observe phase changes after mechanical alloying with the catalysts. The hydrogen storage properties of AZ31 with catalysts were systematically examined, and the time of maximum reaction rate for nucleation was determined using Avarami Plot. The results of the study show that the incorporation of 2% Pd/G resulted in the fastest hydrogen absorption and desorption time, taking 200 seconds to achieve 90% hydrogen storage with a maximum of 6.04 wt%. The corresponding maximum hydrogen desorption occurred in 694 seconds, reaching 6.03 wt%. Consequently, the introduction of 2% Pd/G catalyst proved to be effective in significantly enhancing the hydrogen ab/desorption rates of AZ31 alloy.
Incorporating Immunotherapeutic Strategies in the Management of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kumar Shaji K.
Published: November 2023

The emergence of immunotherapy has changed the treatment strategy for multiple myeloma, both in the early disease setting and in relapsed/refractory disease. Although daratumumab has been routinely incorporated into various combination regimens, T-cell–redirecting approaches, such as bispecific T-cell engagers and CAR T-cell therapy, are emerging. In patients with highly refractory disease, these approaches have robustly impacted both progression-free and overall survival. Most of these agents target the B-cell maturation antigen. Drugs with new targets are also in development, which will further extend the value of immunotherapeutic strategies in myeloma.
On the regularity of certain three-row almost Hermitian incidence matrices
Authors: Nikolov Geno , Petrova Borislava
Published: November 2023

In this note we present a new proof of the regularity of a class of three-row almost Hermitian matrices, based on some properties of Legendre polynomials.
NIST electron elastic-scattering cross-section database :
Authors: Jablonski Aleksander , Salvat F , Powell Cedric
Published: November 2023

Version 5.0 of the database was released in December 2023. Most
screens were redesigned. An option was added to provide samplers of polar
elastic-scattering angles that can be used in Monte Carlo simulations of electron
transport in solids (as was possible in Version 3.2 and earlier versions). However,
a more accurate numerical method has been implemented in Version 5.0, as described
in Appendix A. The new sampler is designed to generate scattering angles for
electron energies between 50 eV and 20 keV. The differential elastic-scattering
cross sections (DCSs) were calculated using the relativistic Dirac partial-wave
method, as described by Walker [3]. The scattering potential was obtained from the
self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock electron density for free atoms [4] with the
local exchange potential of Furness and McCarthy [5]. The numerical calculations
were performed with the algorithm described by Salvat and Mayol [6]. Transport cross
sections were calculated from the DCSs as described by Jablonski et al.
[1].
Unveiling Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Study of Business Graduates in South Punjab's Higher Education Institutions with a Focus on Gender Moderation
Authors: Yaqub Rana Muhammad Shahid , Kausar Shakeela , Rehman Aneeta , Arif Zunaira
Published: November 2023

In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan there is lack of entreprenurial activities.In order to enhance the entreprenurial activity,it is the need of the hour to identify the personal & socio-economic factors that leads towards the creation of new ventures. Current study was an effort to examine the determinants (entrepreneurial attitudes, lack of fiancé, financial returns and entrepreneurial motivation) of entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates of higher education institutions (HEIs) of southern Punjab, Pakistan with moderating role of gender. The study has used quantitative research design. Population of the study was all the business graduates of HEIs of Southern Punjab. Convenience sampling was used to select the respondents from target population. Sample size was 370.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents.SmartPLS & SPSS software was used for the analysis of collected data. The findings have established significant positive relationship of all determinants with entrepreneurial intentions except attitude. Moreover, the results have shown that gender does not moderate the relationship between determinants and entrepreneurial intentions of business graduates. Future research can be conducted to explore the reasons for such unexpected results. This study has made a significant contribution to the literature and came to the conclusion that there is a dire need to encourage entrepreneurial mind-set among youth and to create awareness and skills that are necessary to create new businesses.
Fiscal welfare, poverty and inequality
Authors: Sinfield Adrian
Published: November 2023

Tax reliefs result in substantial losses of revenue in many countries. Their largely hidden effects tend to benefit the better-off so they can reinforce, if not increase, inequalities and undermine public spending objectives to help those in greatest need. In this article the very limited evidence on their scale and cost in taxes forgone, even less on their distributive impact, is reviewed comparatively before major effects across society of these little analysed subsidies are discussed. Indications of fiscal policies that could contribute to tackling the trends that contribute to higher poverty and inequality are briefly outlined.
Civilsamfund og velfærdsstat
Authors: Boje Thomas P.
Published: November 2023

For at kunne løse de komplekse sociale udfordringer har politikerne i de seneste årtier talt varmt for at reorganisere offentlige aktiviteter ved at involvere frivillige og civilsamfundet mere generelt i velfærdsløsninger. Civile organisationer skal beskytte og forsvare borgernes interesser og værdier. Velfærdsstaten er dog nødvendig i forhold til civilsamfundet for at opretholde betingelserne foruniverselle velfærdsydelser og sikre kontinuitet i tildelingen. Artiklen diskuterer disse problemstillinger og giver bud på, hvordan civilsamfund og velfærdsstat kan arbejde sammen for at sikre ligeværd, anerkendelse og solidaritet blandt alle grupper af borgere i samfundet.
Žmogaus teisės į gyvybę apsaugos iki gimimo problemos Lietuvoje: konstitucinė ir kanoninė perspektyvos
Authors: Turonis Vytis
Published: November 2023

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos žmogaus teisės į gyvybės apsaugą garantijos žvelgiant iš Lietuvos Respublikos konstitucinės teisės ir Romos Katalikų Bažnyčios kanonų teisės perspektyvų. Tyrime pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas negimusio žmogaus teisės į gyvybę apsaugos problematikai. Straipsnyje konstatuojama, kad 2022 m. rugpjūčio 12 d. sveikatos apsaugos ministro įsakymas „Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministerijos 1994 m. sausio 28 d. Įsakymo Nr. 50 „Dėl nėštumo nutraukimo operacijos atlikimo tvarkos“ pakeitimo“ neturi tinkamo įstatyminio pagrindo, o Baudžiamojo kodekso normos, numatančios atsakomybę už neteisėtą abortą ar privertimą darytis neteisėtą abortą, visiškai nesaugo negimusio žmogaus gyvybės. Tyrime plačiau atskleidžiama, kodėl toks reguliavimas negali būti laikytinas atitinkančiu Konstituciją, kuri numato privalomas sąlygas įstatymų leidėjui ir valstybės institucijoms dėl žmogaus gyvybės apsaugos reglamentavimo. Straipsnyje taip pat pabrėžiama, kad kanoninė teisė įtvirtina papildomą atsakomybės rūšį už žmogaus, inter alia negimusio žmogaus, nužudymą. Ši atsakomybė konstitucinėje doktrinoje priskirtina religijų normų, saugančių žmogaus teisę į gyvybę, grupei.
Circular and unified analysis in network neuroscience
Authors: Rubinov Mika
Published: November 2023

Genuinely new discovery transcends existing knowledge. Despite this, many analyses in systems neuroscience neglect to test new speculative hypotheses against benchmark empirical facts. Some of these analyses inadvertently use circular reasoning to present existing knowledge as new discovery. Here, I discuss that this problem can confound key results and estimate that it has affected more than three thousand studies in network neuroscience over the last decade. I suggest that future studies can reduce this problem by limiting the use of speculative evidence, integrating existing knowledge into benchmark models, and rigorously testing proposed discoveries against these models. I conclude with a summary of practical challenges and recommendations.
LRMP inhibits cAMP potentiation of HCN4 channels by disrupting intramolecular signal transduction
Authors: Peters Colin H , Singh Rohit K , Langley Avery A , Nichols William G , Ferris Hannah R , Jeffrey Danielle A , Proenza Catherine , Bankston John R
Published: November 2023

Lymphoid restricted membrane protein (LRMP) is a specific regulator of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-sensitive isoform 4 (HCN4) channel. LRMP prevents cAMP-dependent potentiation of HCN4, but the interaction domains, mechanisms of action, and basis for isoform-specificity remain unknown. Here, we identify the domains of LRMP essential for this regulation, show that LRMP acts by disrupting the intramolecular signal transduction between cyclic nucleotide binding and gating, and demonstrate that multiple unique regions in HCN4 are required for LRMP isoform-specificity. Using patch clamp electrophysiology and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we identified the initial 227 residues of LRMP and the N-terminus of HCN4 as necessary for LRMP to associate with HCN4. We found that the HCN4 N-terminus and HCN4-specific residues in the C-linker are necessary for regulation of HCN4 by LRMP. Finally, we demonstrated that LRMP-regulation can be conferred to HCN2 by addition of the HCN4 N-terminus along with mutation of five residues in the S5 region and C-linker to the cognate HCN4 residues. Taken together, these results suggest that LRMP inhibits HCN4 through an isoform-specific interaction involving the N-terminals of both proteins that prevents the transduction of cAMP binding into a change in channel gating, most likely via an HCN4-specific orientation of the N-terminus, C-linker, and S4-S5 linker.
Diversity and ice nucleation activity of Pseudomonas syringae in drone-based water samples from eight lakes in Austria
Authors: Hanlon Regina , Jimenez-Sanchez Celia , Benson James , Aho Ken , Morris Cindy , Seifried Teresa M. , Baloh Philipp , Grothe Hinrich , Schmale David
Published: November 2023

Bacteria from the Pseudomonas syringae complex (comprised of at least 15 recognized species and more than 60 different pathovars of P. syringae sensu stricto) have been cultured from clouds, rain, snow, streams, rivers, and lakes. Some strains of P. syringae express an ice nucleation protein (hereafter referred to as ice+) that catalyzes the heterogeneous freezing of water. Though P. syringae has been sampled intensively from freshwater sources in the U.S. and France, little is known about the genetic diversity and ice nucleation activity of P. syringae in other parts of the world. We investigated the haplotype diversity and ice nucleation activity at −8 °C (ice+) of strains of P. syringae from water samples collected with drones in eight freshwater lakes in Austria. A phylogenetic analysis of citrate synthase (cts) sequences from 271 strains of bacteria isolated from a semi-selective medium for Pseudomonas revealed that 69% (188/271) belonged to the P. syringae complex and represented 32 haplotypes in phylogroups 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14 and 15. Strains within the P. syringae complex were identified in all eight lakes, and seven lakes contained ice+ strains. Partial 16S rDNA sequences were analyzed from a total of 492 pure cultures of bacteria isolated from non-selective medium. Nearly half (43.5%; 214/492) were associated with the genus Pseudomonas. Five of the lakes (ALT, GRU, GOS, GOL, and WOR) were all distinguished by high levels of Pseudomanas (p ≤ 0.001). HIN, the highest elevation lake, had the highest percentage of ice+ strains. Our work highlights the potential for uncovering new haplotypes of P. syringae in aquatic habitats, and the use of robotic technologies to sample and characterize microbial life in remote settings.
Challenging Christopher´s “Disability” to Communicate Properly in Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time
Authors: Chaparenko Kristina
Published: November 2023

The present paper is a critical review of Mark Haddon’s novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time.Many reviewers have claimed that Christopher Bloom has a disability to decipher, to comprehend and to depict objects, actions and other phenomena due to his condition, since he has Asperger’s syndrome. In opposition to this idea, a research ofparticular types of graphic representation used by the narrator reveals that he does not merely replace troublesome words, but masterly uses pictures to represent the truth. Theoretically speaking, he succeeds in the process of creating Mitchell’s imagetext, which is the perfect interplay of both terms that result in a new reinforced meaning. Even more so, by using these ways of representation, which are illustration, approximation and truthful representation, Christopher is able to guide the reader in the complex comprehension process. That is, his level of textual consciousness allows us torefute the idea of Christopher as a person who is incapable of communicating.
Surge
Authors: Christensen Mary Ann
Published: November 2023

With my lids shut, lashes oiled with sleep and urges,My hands got caught in the spokes of unstoppable trains:Faltering, threatening sages.Yes, despite my whale blubbering,my visual lubrication,The screech and the grinding of literary gears.The metallic sparks,my fathomless visions….
Responsabilidade social das empresas, duas perspectivas
Authors: De Jesus Tânia Alves
Published: November 2023

A atitude socialmente responsável das empresas está relacionada com a consciência social e com a compreensão da importância dos problemas sociais. Comportamentos empresariais são questionados e avaliados quanto à sua adequação em termos das responsabilidades das empresas perante a sociedade. Esta investigação analisa a atitude de contabilistas perante a responsabilidade social das empresas, recolhida através de um inquérito. Em primeiro lugar procedeu-se a uma análise descritiva dos dados e num plano multivariado recorreram-se a técnicas para analisar a interdependência de variáveis, como a análise em componentes principais e análise fatorial. Verifica-se que os contabilistas identificaram duas visões da responsabilidade social e apresentaram diferentes atitudes e posições face a estas visões, assentes em diferentes fundamentos éticos. Confirma-se que a responsabilidade social das empresas pode ser influenciada por modelos desenvolvidos por indivíduos que integram as empresas e representar a relação que estes pretendem que a empresa desenvolva com a sociedade.
The Significance of Nanoparticles in Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress in Horticulture Crops: A Review
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Awais Muhammad , Kanwal Naghina , Rafi Asima , Batool Iram , Hanif Muhammad Zeeshan , Zaheer Rimsha
Published: November 2023

Not only are horticultural crops necessary for human sustenance, but they also enhance the aesthetic appeal of our surroundings. They provide a wealth of essential nutrients in addition to visual attractiveness. However, abiotic factors such as heat, drought, nutrient deficits, and heavy metal stress pose several obstacles to these crops, severely impeding their development and output. Many approaches have been used to address these issues, such as genetic alterations to increase stress resistance. Several industry applications, including agricultural ones. Nanotechnology offers novel solutions in the field of agriculture, including the remediation of soil and water, plant protection at the nanoscale, and the application of nano-nutrition to crops. In order to ensure sustained success in horticulture crops that face a range of environmental problems, these applications are essential. Nevertheless, there is still much to learn about the specific ways in which nanoparticles interact with plants, even in spite of the fact that their use in a wide range of applications is growing. This offers agriculture a successful and sustainable future.
State-Level Variability in Hospital Presumptive Eligibility Programs
Authors: Gibson Alexander B. , Hendricks Wesley D. , Arnow Katherine , Tran Linda D. , Wagner Todd H. , Knowlton Lisa Marie
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study examines state-level variability in hospital presumptive eligibility programs to understand discrepancies in access by Medicaid expansion status.
Cis‐regulatory effect of HPV integration is constrained by host chromatin architecture in cervical cancers
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Walavalkar Kaivalya , Tavernari Daniele , Ciriello Giovanni , Notani Dimple , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan
Published: November 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the primary drivers of cervical cancers, and often HPV DNA gets integrated into the host genome. Although the oncogenic impact of HPV encoded genes is relatively well known, the cis‐regulatory effect of integrated HPV DNA on host chromatin structure and gene regulation remains less understood. We investigated genome‐wide patterns of HPV integrations and associated host gene expression changes in the context of host chromatin states and topologically associating domains (TADs). HPV integrations were significantly enriched in active chromatin regions and depleted in inactive ones. Interestingly, regardless of chromatin state, genomic regions flanking HPV integrations showed transcriptional upregulation. Nevertheless, upregulation (both local and long‐range) was mostly confined to TADs with integration, but not affecting adjacent TADs. Few TADs showed recurrent integrations associated with overexpression of oncogenes within them (e.g. MYC, PVT1, TP63 and ERBB2) regardless of proximity. Hi‐C and 4C‐seq analyses in cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) demonstrated chromatin looping interactions between integrated HPV and MYC/PVT1 regions (~ 500 kb apart), leading to allele‐specific overexpression. Based on these, we propose HPV integrations can trigger multimodal oncogenic activation to promote cancer progression.
Functional engineering of human iPSC‐derived parasympathetic neurons enhances responsiveness to gastrointestinal hormones
Authors: Akagi Yuka , Takayama Yuzo , Nihashi Yuma , Yamashita Azusa , Yoshida Risa , Miyamoto Yasuhisa , Kida Yasuyuki S.
Published: November 2023

Food‐derived biological signals are transmitted to the brain via peripheral nerves through the paracrine activity of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones. The signal transduction circuit of the brain–gut axis has been analyzed in animals; however, species‐related differences and animal welfare concerns necessitate investigation using in vitro human experimental models. Here, we focused on the receptors of five GI hormones (CCK, GLP1, GLP2, PYY, and serotonin (5‐HT)), and established human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines that functionally expressed each receptor. Compared to the original iPSCs, iPSCs expressing one of the receptors did not show any differences in global mRNA expression, genomic stability, or differentiation capacities of the three germ layers. We induced parasympathetic neurons from these established iPSC lines to assess vagus nerve activity. We generated GI hormone receptor‐expressing neurons (CCKAR, GLP1R, and NPY2R‐neuron) and tested their responsiveness to each ligand using Ca2+ imaging and microelectrode array recording. GI hormone receptor‐expressing neurons (GLP2R and HTR3A) were generated directly by gene induction into iPSC‐derived peripheral nerve progenitors. These receptor‐expressing neurons promise to contribute to a better understanding of how the body responds to GI hormones via the brain–gut axis, aid in drug development, and offer an alternative to animal studies.
Public Sociology
Authors: Guppy Neil
Published: November 2023

What do sociologists do, and why? Answers to both questions supply the foundation of “public sociology,” a term popularized by the American sociologist Michael Burawoy. His classification of sociological products and practices highlighted public sociology as one of four core missions of the discipline. Public sociology focuses on engagement with publics beyond the academy.
Web 3.0
Authors: Ragnedda Massimo , Ruiu Maria Laura
Published: November 2023

Web 3.0 is not a new concept but one that is constantly evolving. There is no universally accepted definition as its meaning can differ from scholar to scholar, and it is still unclear how it will affect how users interact with the Web. Tim Berners‐Lee envisaged the Web, known as Semantic Web, as an immense source of data governed by intelligent applications, capable of understanding the cognitive context for analyzing the data itself and making timely decisions. However, in its most recent version, Web 3.0 moves far beyond the Semantic Web to embrace decentralization as a guiding philosophy and the blockchain as an enabling technology.
Income Inequality and Income Mobility
Authors: Guppy Neil
Published: November 2023

The distribution of income is uneven, more so within certain countries. This unevenness has increased in the past three or four decades. On a global scale, between‐country income inequality has receded as more countries have benefited recently from economic expansion. However, income mobility for individuals or families has been static in most countries.
Religion
Authors: Cipriani Roberto
Published: November 2023

Religion is composed of personal and interpersonal experiences with other humans and/or with one or more divinities. Such relations are made up principally of convictions (beliefs), sentiments (emotions), principles (values), and practices (rituals, i.e., cultural acts, whether they occur daily or on specific occasions), all of which are more or less coherently interconnected. Religion is usually expressed as a relationship with divinity, which gives humans unity, in the universal sense, using devotion toward a God, and the respect due to him. Religion is the manifestation of profound belief; it is professing one's faith. Religion is fervor, dedication, ongoing practice, and devout behavior; it is religiousness outwardly expressed through recollection, repentance, meditation, reflection, and silence.
Refined scan protocol for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion standardized image quality and reduced radiation dose in dynamic chest radiography
Authors: Takakura Kenta , Yamasaki Yuzo , Kuramoto Taku , Yoshidome Satoshi , Hida Tomoyuki , Kamitani Takeshi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Kato Toyoyuki , Ishigami Kousei
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a novel imaging technique used to noninvasively evaluate pulmonary perfusion. However, the standard DCR protocol, which is roughly adapted to the patient's body size, occasionally causes over‐ or underexposure, which could influence clinical evaluation. Therefore, we proposed a refined protocol by increasing the number of patient body mass index (BMI) categories from three to seven groups and verified its usefulness by comparing the image sensitivity indicators (S‐values) and entrance surface doses (ESDs) of the conventional protocol with those of our refined protocol.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 388 datasets (standing position, 224; supine position, 164) for the conventional protocol (December 2019–April 2021) and 336 datasets (standing position, 233; supine position, 103) for the refined protocol (June–November 2021). The conventional protocol (BMI‐3 protocol) divided the patients into three BMI groups (BMI < 17, 17≤BMI < 25, and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), whereas the refined protocol (BMI‐7 protocol) divided the patients into seven BMI groups (BMI < 17, 17 ≤ BMI < 20, 20 ≤ BMI < 23, 23 ≤ BMI < 26, 26 ≤ BMI < 29, 29 ≤ BMI < 32, and BMI ≥ 32 kg/m2). The coefficients of variation (CVs) for the S‐values and ESDs acquired using the two protocols were compared.

Results

The CVs of the S‐values in the BMI‐7 protocol group were significantly lower than those in the BMI‐3 protocol group for the standing (28.8% vs. 16.7%; p < 0.01) and supine (24.5% vs. 17.7%; p < 0.01) positions. The ESDs of patients scanned using the BMI‐7 protocol were significantly lower than those scanned using the BMI‐3 protocol in the standing (1.3 vs. 1.1 mGy; p < 0.01) and supine positions (2.5 vs. 1.6 mGy; p < 0.01), although the mean BMI of the two groups were similar.

Conclusion

We introduced the BMI‐7 protocol and demonstrated its standardized image quality and reduced radiation exposure in patients undergoing DCR.