bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On some problems of religious radicalism and terrorism research (on the example of the experience of Kazakhstan)
Authors: Nuradinov Almat S. , Jumageldinov Askar N.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the publication is due to the increasing manifestations of religious radicalization of the population and the threat of terrorism in the post-Soviet space and, in particular, in the Republic of Kazakhstan. One of the least developed problems is the study of psychological regularities of the emergence and development of the phenomenon of religiosity, the motives for its formation and levels of its manifestation in believers, including the formation of extreme religious views and values in an individual. The aim of the work was to describe theoretical and applied research questions on the problem of the formation of religious radicalism, extremism and terrorism in believers and followers of Islam, as well as on the methodological problems of developing psychodiagnostic tools and technologies of psychological intervention in this area. Results. The characteristics and dynamics of indices of criminal situations with radical religious extremism and terrorism manifestation in the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented. The features of psychoprophylaxis of religious extremism relapse and rehabilitation of people convicted for such crimes were considered. Some examples of such work,organized in Kazakhstan with women and children who were in terrorist activity zones for a long time were described. The necessity of studying the personal features of believers, their level of religiosity, the motivation for extremist views and the radicalisation of the personality, as well as the main targets of psychodiagnostics in order to predict behaviour from the perspective of public safety and to prevent the spread of radical ideology and values in secular society, have been substantiated. Among the main conclusions presented is the understanding of the need to develop fundamentally new approaches in psychodiagnostics of radicalization, extremism and terrorism in order to prognostically diagnose, rehabilitate and resocialize believers who have extreme criminal experiences. is behavioral analysis by means of different techniques, facts and documents with the use of methods of observation and diagnostic interview of a believer seem to be the most productive methods.
The Unity of Intellect and Affect in Multidimensional Regulation of Empathy
Authors: Kornilova Тatiana V.
Published: June 2022

Background. The manuscript provides a synthetic review of the multiple understandings of the concept of empathy. Recent studies generally limit their focus to some aspects of empathy; alternatively, others adopt a top-down methodology for conceptualization of its dimensions rather than the analysis of the multiple regulation of processes that result in empathy. This review is timely and relevant not only because it compares various types of empathy but also because it provides an analysis of the involvement of various empathy processes in a wide plethora of relationships. Objective. The goa of the review was to establish the conceptual framework for the understanding of multiple types of empathy involvement in cognitive and affective/personality domains, as well as of theoretical discrepancies that can be overcome from the standpoint of unity of intellect and affect. Methods. This synthetic review elucidates fundamental dichotomies that are central to understanding of empathy (cognitive-affective; immediate-mediated; situational-dispositional etc) as well as the wide range of associations established between empathy, emotional intelligence, and unstable personality core traits such as the Dark Triad. Results. The results of the study are based on the systematic review of theories of empathy and suggest the need for differentiation between empathy as a product and empathy as a set of processes that might through different pathways achieve the same result and product — empathy. Thus, we argue that the seeming inconsistency between the multiple types of empathy can be resolved by postulating that it is subject to the principle of dynamic regulative systems (DRS) that allow for a rich combination of hierarchical structures of cognitive and emotional processes. This approach assumes that multiple processes underly regulation of empathy. This idea is rooted in Vygotsky’s idea of the unity of intellect and affect, pointing to the pivotal role of empathy as the binding and mediating trait between cognitive and personality/ affective domains. Conclusion. The review lays the foundation for the approach that omits the development of partial theories of empathy in favor of viewing it as a resulting product of multiple processes. Different types and forms of empathy that are frequently discussed in the literature reflect the development of hierarchical dynamic systems and processes.
Passiflora mistratensis, a new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from Colombia, commonly known from European cultivation
Authors: KUETHE J.R. , VANDERPLANK JOHN
Published: June 2022

Passiflora mistratensis, a new species of Passiflora sect. Granadillastrum is described and illustrated. This species has been known for several years from its popular cultivation in European collections and horticulture, however, an official name never was assigned to this new taxon. It is endemic to the Colombian Cauca River valley where it grows in premontane tropical wet cloud forest of the states Valle de Cauca, Risaralda and Antioquia. It is most closely related to Passiflora danielii and Passiflora trisulca, from which it can be readily distinguished by the combination of its unlobed leaves and the notably shorter inflorescence and corni. Its taxonomy, ecology and conservation are discussed in this paper.
5. Moral Hazard
Authors: Meeks Geoff , Meeks J. Gay
Published: June 2022

Executive bonuses often depend on EPS (earnings per share). And EPS are closely watched by stock markets. In normal times, the more debt (borrowing) is used to finance a business, rather than shareholders’ funds, the higher will be EPS afterwards. Debt-funded acquisitions allow executives to achieve a rapid increase in the ratio of debt to equity in the acquirer’s balance sheet, and thereby magnify EPS. And the benefits of debt are reinforced by a number of privileges and subsidies which accompany debt finance. While diminished overall equity – a weaker balance sheet – increases downside risk, this potential downside of debt for shareholders is reduced by limited liability – a privilege which rewards shareholders with the whole upside of their business but limits their exposure should it fail. This means that other stakeholders carry much of the risk burden. For example, merging firms have exploited their increased market power to impose longer payment delays on suppliers: in effect this means that trade creditors provide free loans to their customers. And a target with an under funded pension scheme may be acquired with little equity invested - the acquirer simply takes over the business including liabilities for the pension scheme, which often do not have to be met until years later.
The influence of L2 experience on L1 speech perception: Evidence from Mandarin–English bilinguals
Authors: Zhao Rong , Jiao Lu , Wang Min , Wei Hang
Published: June 2022

Aims:

Previous studies have documented that consonants contribute more to lexically related processes than vowels in English, whereas an opposite pattern occurs in Mandarin Chinese processing. The current study aims to examine how the long-term learning of English (L2) influences Mandarin (L1) consonant, vowel, and tone perception in bilingual adults. It also attempts to examine the multi–competence theory at the level of speech perception.

Methodology:

A total of 73 Mandarin–English bilinguals with different L2 proficiency levels performed the L1 syllable perception task in an active oddball paradigm. The deviant syllables differed from the standard in consonant, vowel, or tone. Participants were asked to press a button whenever they heard a different syllable.

Data and analysis:

The reaction time and accuracy of each deviant syllable were recorded by E-prime 2.0. These data were analyzed using mixed-effects models.

Findings/conclusions:

Results showed that the relative role of vowel was the strongest, followed by consonant, and then by tone in L1 speech perception. The pattern of their relative roles/phonological bias was not influenced by L2 proficiency, indicating that the phonological bias in L1 speech perception is not affected by a transfer from non-native to native processing, but determined by the acoustic/phonological cues and lexical information carried by consonant, vowel, and tone. However, the perceptual sensitivity to L1 speech increased with L2 proficiency, demonstrating a positive L2 effect on L1 at the level of speech perception.

Originality:

The current study first investigated the influence of L2 experience on L1 phonological bias in bilinguals whose first and second languages were typologically distant.

Significance/implications:

Our findings lend support to the multi-competence theory and extend it to the level of speech perception.
Outcomes of older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP: 10-year follow-up of the LNH03-6B trial
Authors: Camus Vincent , Belot Aurélien , Oberic Lucie , Sibon David , Ghesquières Hervé , Thieblemont Catherine , Fruchart Christophe , Casasnovas Olivier , Michot Jean-Marie , Molina Thierry Jo , Bosly André , Joubert Clémentine , Haioun Corinne , Nicolas-Virelizier Emmanuelle , Feugier Pierre , Fitoussi Olivier , Delarue Richard , Tilly Hervé
Published: June 2022

The LNH03-6B trial was a phase 3 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of first-line rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) delivered every 2 weeks (R-CHOP14) or 3 weeks (R-CHOP21) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged 60 to 80 years with an aaIPI (age-adjusted International Prognostic Index) score ≥1 (registered as NCT00144755). We implemented a prospective long-term follow-up program at the end of this trial. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Relapse patterns, PFS and OS after the first progression (PFS2 and OS2) were secondary endpoints. LNH03-6B was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT00144755. In the LNH03-6B trial, 304 and 296 patients were assigned to receive 8 cycles of R-CHOP14 or R-CHOP21, respectively. Long-term follow-up data were investigated for 256 of 384 (67%) patients still alive at the primary analysis. With a median follow-up of 10.1 years, 213 patients progressed, and 140 patients died without progression. The 10-year PFS was 40.4% (95% confidence interval, 35.9-44.9). Ten-year OS was based on 302 deaths and estimated at 50% (43-56). Of the 213 patients, 105 (49%) progressed after second-line therapy, and 77 patients died without a second progression (36%). The 1-year PFS2 and 1-year OS2 were estimated at 37.9% (95% confidence interval, 31.4-44.5) and 55.8% (95% confidence interval, 48.8-62.2), respectively. Ten years after randomization, the outcomes of patients treated for DLBCL were similar according to PFS and OS between the RCHOP-14 and R-CHOP21 groups. Progression or relapse led to poor prognosis after second-line chemotherapy in the pre CAR-T-cell era. Novel approaches in first-line and alternative treatments in second-line treatments are warranted in this population.
Metabolic reprogramming under hypoxic storage preserves faster oxygen unloading from stored red blood cells
Authors: Rabcuka Julija , Blonski Slawomir , Meli Athinoula , Sowemimo-Coker Samuel , Zaremba Damian , Stephenson Daniel , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Nerguizian David , Cardigan Rebecca , Korczyk Piotr M. , Smethurst Peter A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Swietach Pawel
Published: June 2022

Stored red blood cells (RBCs) incur biochemical and morphological changes, collectively termed the storage lesion. Functionally, the storage lesion manifests as slower oxygen unloading from RBCs, which may compromise the efficacy of transfusions where the clinical imperative is to rapidly boost oxygen delivery to tissues. Recent analysis of large real-world data linked longer storage with increased recipient mortality. Biochemical rejuvenation with a formulation of adenosine, inosine, and pyruvate can restore gas-handling properties, but its implementation is impractical for most clinical scenarios. We tested whether storage under hypoxia, previously shown to slow biochemical degradation, also preserves gas-handling properties of RBCs. A microfluidic chamber, designed to rapidly switch between oxygenated and anoxic superfusates, was used for single-cell oxygen saturation imaging on samples stored for up to 49 days. Aliquots were also analyzed flow cytometrically for side-scatter (a proposed proxy of O2 unloading kinetics), metabolomics, lipidomics, and redox proteomics. For benchmarking, units were biochemically rejuvenated at 4 weeks of standard storage. Hypoxic storage hastened O2 unloading in units stored to 35 days, an effect that correlated with side-scatter but was not linked to posttranslational modifications of hemoglobin. Although hypoxic storage and rejuvenation produced distinct biochemical changes, a subset of metabolites including pyruvate, sedoheptulose 1-phosphate, and 2/3 phospho-d-glycerate, was a common signature that correlated with changes in O2 unloading. Correlations between gas handling and lipidomic changes were modest. Thus, hypoxic storage of RBCs preserves key metabolic pathways and O2 exchange properties, thereby improving the functional quality of blood products and potentially influencing transfusion outcomes.
A study to investigate the prevalence of headache disorders and migraine among people registered in a health insurance association in Japan
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko , Hirata Koichi , Igarashi Hisaka , Takeshima Takao , Nakayama Takeo , Sano Hiromi , Kondo Hiroyuki , Shibasaki Yoshiyuki , Koga Nobuyuki
Published: June 2022

Background

Migraine is a chronic disease characterized by episodic headache attacks. No recent studies have, however been conducted on the epidemiology of migraine or the treatment landscape in Japan. This study was conducted as a fact-finding survey using medical claims data and an online survey on migraine and headaches, conducted among members of health insurance associations with the objective of gaining an understanding of migraine prevalence and the treatment status in Japan.

Methods

The study methodology utilized a unique approach of combined data sources. The data sources used in this study are medical claims data and linked online survey data provided by DeSC Healthcare Inc (DeSC). The primary outcomes (from survey responses) were: the overall number and proportion of migraine patients; and the overall prevalence of migraine, stratified by age and sex. The secondary outcomes (from survey responses) were use of medical care; and clinical features/headache symptoms. The analysis population included all individuals who had response data for surveys conducted by DeSC. The online survey data and medical claims data were summarized.

Results

The data population comprised 21,480 individuals. On the basis of the survey results, including probable cases, the overall prevalence of migraine was 3.2%. The highest prevalence of migraine was observed in patients aged 30–39 years. The prevalence of migraine in women was 4.4 times higher than in men. The percentage of migraine patients who had not been seen by a doctor was 81.0%. More than 80% of patients were taking over-the-counter drugs and 6.1% took prescription medicines only. Approximately 52.9% of patients considered that the intensity of pain symptoms was severe. Moreover, the majority of patients (72.9%) considered that the impairment of daily life activities was of moderate or severe degree.

Conclusions

In Japan, the percentage of people with migraine who did not receive medical attention is as high as 80%. Additionally, the majority of patients tend to endure symptoms and continue with everyday activities. With innovative treatment approaches becoming available it is necessary to disseminate information that migraine is not a simple headache but an illness that requires medical treatment and consultation.
A structural equation model linking health literacy, self efficacy and quality of life in adults with coronary heart disease
Authors: Du Shaoying , Feng Zhimin , Wang Wen , Tian Licong , Wang Yan
Published: June 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the world major cause of death. There is sufficient evidence that patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) experience poor quality of life. Health literacy and self efficacy are modifiable psychosocial factors that could affect quality of life, and these factors should be considered as targets for intervention. As the relationships among health literacy, self efficacy, and quality of life in the CHD population have not been well understood. Thus, we constructed the structure equation model in these valuables.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample among 200 patients with CHD were participated from outpatient clinics in three tertiary general hospitals in Baoding City in mainland China, from December 2018 to June 2019. Data regarding demographic features, health literacy, self efficacy and quality of life were assessed. A structure equation model was used to construct and validate the pathways.

Results

The mean age of the study sampled patients was 65.37 years old. The average level of health literacy, self efficacy and quality of life were 9.6 ± 3.5, 28.8 ± 13.9 and 381.8 ± 130.1 respectively. Significant associations were observed from health literacy to quality of life, and self efficacy played a partial mediating role between health literacy and quality of life in the CHD population. Health literacy and self efficacy explained for 59.6% of the variance in quality of life.

Conclusions

Health literacy had a direct influence on quality of life, and an indirect influence on quality of life via self efficacy in the patients with CHD.
Experiences and expectation with the use of health data: a qualitative interview study in primary care
Authors: Suija Kadri , Mardo Laura Alexandra , Laidoja Reet , Nahkur Siim , Parvelo Anu , Kalda Ruth
Published: June 2022

Background

Health data is important, however, not always well managed. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of patients and primary care physicians, their expectations and the obstacles encountered when using health data – both patient-generated as well as physician-generated.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative interview study. We included adult persons who were ready to talk about the topic. Participants were recruited from primary care. The interviews were recorded using a dictaphone, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a content analysis method.

Results

Altogether, we conducted 14 individual interviews, with patients (n = 7) and with physicians (n = 7). We found that both patients and physicians emphasized the importance of easy access to health data in digital health information systems. However, patients may not always understand medical terminology and physicians found that the quality of medical documents needs inspection. Both parties found that patient-generated data is a useful source of information, and that it should be used more often.

Conclusions

The pandemic has highlighted the value of easy access to health data. The development of a health information system is useful to health care providers and patients, enables the transfer of evidence-based medicine, and supports health literacy.
Factors associated with older persons’ perceptions of dignity and well-being over a three-year period. A retrospective national study in residential care facilities
Authors: Roos Charlotte , Alam Moudud , Swall Anna , Boström Anne-Marie , Hammar Lena Marmstål
Published: June 2022

Background

Dignity and well-being are central concepts in the care of older people, 65 years and older, worldwide. The person-centred practice framework identifies dignity and well-being as person-centred outcomes. Older persons living in residential care facilities, residents, have described that they sometimes lack a sense of dignity and well-being, and there is a need to understand which modifiable factors to target to improve this. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceptions of dignity and well-being and the independent variables of the attitudes of staff, the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments, and individual factors for residents over a three-year period.

Methods

A national retrospective longitudinal mixed cohort study was conducted in all residential care facilities within 290 municipalities in Sweden. All residents aged 65 years and older in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were invited to responded to a survey; including questions regarding self-rated health and mobility, the attitudes of staff, the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments, safety, and social activities. Data regarding age, sex and diagnosed dementia/prescribed medication for dementia were collected from two national databases. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression models were used to analyse the data.

Results

A total of 13 763 (2016), 13 251 (2017) and 12 620 (2018) residents answered the survey. Most of them (69%) were women and the median age was 88 years. The odds for satisfaction with dignity did not differ over the three-year period, but the odds for satisfaction with well-being decreased over time. Residents who rated their health as good, who were not diagnosed with dementia/had no prescribed medication for dementia, who had not experienced disrespectful attitudes of staff and who found the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments to be pleasant had higher odds of being satisfied with aspects of dignity and well-being over the three-year period.

Conclusions

The person-centred practice framework, which targets the attitudes of staff and the care environment, can be used as a theoretical framework when designing improvement strategies to promote dignity and well-being. Registered nurses, due to their core competencies, focusing on person-centred care and quality improvement work, should be given an active role as facilitators in such improvement strategies.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury after major abdominal surgery in the elderly aged 75 years and above
Authors: Shen Jianghua , Chu Yanqi , Wang Chaodong , Yan Suying
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients (aged ≥ 75 years) undergoing major nonvascular abdominal surgery.

Methods

The study was a retrospective study that evaluated the incidence of AKI in patients within 48 h after major abdominal surgeries. Patients' preoperative characteristics and intraoperative management, including the use of nephrotoxic medications, were evaluated for associations with AKI using a logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 573 patients were included in our analysis. A total of 33 patients (5.76%) developed AKI, and 30 (90.91%), 2 (6.06%) and 1 (3.03%) reached the AKI stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Older age (adjusted OR, aOR 1.112, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.020–1.212), serum albumin (aOR 0.900, 95% CI 0.829–0.977), baseline eGFR (aOR 3.401, 95% CI 1.479–7.820), the intraoperative occurrence of hypotension (aOR 3.509, 95% CI 1.553–7.929), and the use of hydroxyethyl starch in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aOR 3.596, 95% CI 1.559–8.292) or furosemide (aOR 5.724, 95% CI 1.476–22.199) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI.

Conclusions

Several risk factors, including intraoperative combined administration of HES and furosemide, are independent factors for AKI during abdominal surgeries. Anesthesiologists and surgeons should take precautions in treating at-risk patients.
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior in primary care settings in Mozambique
Authors: Cumbe Vasco F. J. , Manaca Maria Nélia , Atkins Dana L. , Muanido Alberto , Hicks Leecreesha , Oquendo Maria A. , de Jesus Mari Jair , Wagenaar Bradley H.
Published: June 2022

Background

This study assessed the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors in public primary health care in Mozambique.

Methods

The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to evaluate suicidal behavior among 502 adults attending three Primary Health Care (PHC) settings.

Results

In the past month, 13% (n = 63) of PHC attendees expressed suicidal ideation, 8% (n = 40) had made a suicide plan, 4% (n = 20) had made a suicide attempt, and 5% (n = 25) reported a lifetime suicide attempt. Females had 2.8-fold increased odds of suicide plan (95% CI: 1.5, 5.5) and 3.3-fold increased odds of suicide attempt in the past month (95% CI: 1.2, 9.1). Each 10-year increase in age was associated with 0.61-fold the odds of suicide plan (95% CI: 0.38, 0.98) and 0.09-fold the odds of suicide attempt (95% CI: 0.01, 0.69) in the past month. People living with HIV (PLWHA) had 2.2-fold increased adjusted odds of past month suicide attempt (CI: 1.1, 4.1).

Conclusion

Suicidal behaviors are common among adults attending PHC clinics in Mozambique. Screening and linkage to effective preventive interventions are urgently needed in PHC settings. Females, younger individuals, and PLWHA are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior in PHC.
Dysregulated myosin in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome lung fibroblasts is associated with increased cell motility
Authors: Imani Jewel , Bodine Steven P. M. , Lamattina Anthony M. , Ma Diane D. , Shrestha Shikshya , Maynard Dawn M. , Bishop Kevin , Nwokeji Arinze , Malicdan May Christine V. , Testa Lauren C. , Sood Raman , Stump Benjamin , Rosas Ivan O. , Perrella Mark A. , Handin Robert , Young Lisa R. , Gochuico Bernadette R. , El-Chemaly Souheil
Published: June 2022

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by improper biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs). Lung fibrosis is the leading cause of death among adults with HPS-1 and HPS-4 genetic types, which are associated with defects in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3), a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for a small GTPase, Rab32. LROs are not ubiquitously present in all cell types, and specific cells utilize LROs to accomplish dedicated functions. Fibroblasts are not known to contain LROs, and the function of BLOC-3 in fibroblasts is unclear. Here, we report that lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with HPS-1 have increased migration capacity. Silencing HPS-1 in normal lung fibroblasts similarly leads to increased migration. We also show that the increased migration is driven by elevated levels of Myosin IIB. Silencing HPS1 or RAB32 in normal lung fibroblasts leads to increased MYOSIN IIB levels. MYOSIN IIB is downstream of p38-MAPK, which is a known target of angiotensin receptor signaling. Treatment with losartan, an angiotensin receptor inhibitor, decreases MYOSIN IIB levels and impedes HPS lung fibroblast migration in vitro. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of angiotensin receptor with losartan seemed to decrease migration of HPS lung fibroblasts in vivo in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, we demonstrate that BLOC-3 plays an important role in MYOSIN IIB regulation within lung fibroblasts and contributes to fibroblast migration.
How is weight teasing cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with health behaviors and weight status among ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse young people?
Authors: Hooper Laura , Puhl Rebecca , Eisenberg Marla E. , Reicks Marla , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Published: June 2022

Background

Weight stigma is prevalent among young people and harmful to health. The current study used a health equity lens to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between experiencing weight teasing (a form of weight stigma) with a range of weight-related health behaviors and weight status in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people. We also assessed whether ethnicity/race and adolescent socioeconomic status (SES) operated as effect modifiers in these relationships.

Methods

Adolescents (n = 1568) were enrolled in EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) and followed into young adulthood. Weight teasing; screen time; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); sleep duration; breakfast frequency; fruit, vegetable, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and fast-food intake; and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 14.4 years) and eight-year follow-up (mean age = 22.2 years). Multivariate linear regression estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses adjusted for BMI and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Weight teasing was cross-sectionally associated with longer screen time, shorter sleep duration, and higher BMI during adolescence; and cross-sectionally associated with shorter sleep duration, lower breakfast frequency, higher fast-food intake, higher SSB intake, and higher BMI during young adulthood. In the longitudinal analyses, weight teasing was not associated with health behaviors but did predict higher BMI (teased: 28.2 kg/m2, not teased: 26.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001). White and higher adolescent SES subgroups had higher MVPA, more frequent breakfast intake, lower fast-food intake, and lower BMI than their respective counterparts. The relationships between weight teasing and health behaviors and weight status were largely consistent across ethnic/racial and adolescent SES subgroups.

Conclusions

Findings add to growing evidence that weight-based mistreatment poses a threat to weight-related health and that young people across ethnic/racial and SES subgroups are vulnerable to the negative effects of weight teasing. Limitations include attrition at follow-up and the self-reported nature of many measures. Results suggest a need for increased attention to existing recommendations to reduce weight stigma in young people from diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic backgrounds including training for healthcare providers to better equip them to address the harms of weight teasing and foster more compassionate care to promote health-supporting behaviors in young people.
High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids modulate gut-brain axis in obese mice
Authors: Hua Yinan , Shen Jingyi , Fan Rong , Xiao Rong , Ma Weiwei
Published: June 2022

Background

Excessive consumption of high-fat diets is associated with disordered metabolic responses, which may lead to chronic diseases. High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids lead to distinct alterations in metabolic responses of gut-brain axis.

Methods

In our study, normal male C57BL/6J mice were fed to multiple high fatty acid diets (long-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acid, LCSFA and MCSFA group; n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 and n-6 PUFA group; monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA group; trans fatty acid, TFA group) and a basic diet (control, CON group) for 19 weeks. To investigate the effects of high-fat diets on metabolic responses of gut-brain axis in obese mice, blood lipids were detected by fast gas chromatography, and related proteins in brain and intestine were detected using Western blotting, ELISA, and immunochemistry analysis.

Results

All high-fat diets regardless of their fatty acid composition induced obesity, lipid disorders, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and changes in gut-brain axis related factors except basal diet in mice. For example, the protein expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in ileum in the n-3 PUFA group was higher than that in the MCSFA group (P < 0.05). The expressions of insulin in hippocampus and leptin in ileum in the MCSFA group significantly increased, compared with other groups (all Ps < 0.05).

Conclusion

The high MCSFA diet had the most effect on metabolic disorders in gut-brain axis, but the high n-3 PUFA diet had the least effect on changes in metabolism.
Gait apraxia evaluation in normal pressure hydrocephalus using inertial sensors. Clinical correlates, ventriculoperitoneal shunt outcomes, and tap-test predictive capacity
Authors: Ferrari Alberto , Milletti David , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Giannini Giulia , Cevoli Sabina , Magelli Elena , Albini-Riccioli Luca , Mantovani Paolo , Cortelli Pietro , Chiari Lorenzo , Palandri Giorgio
Published: June 2022

Background

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological condition with gait apraxia signs from its early manifestation. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a surgical procedure available for treatment. The Cerebrospinal fluid Tap Test (CSF-TT) is a quick test used as selection criterion for VPS treatment. Its predictive capacity for VPS outcomes is still sub judice. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that wearable motion sensors provide valid measures to manage iNPH patients with gait apraxia.

Methods

Forty-two participants of the Bologna PRO-Hydro observational cohort study were included in the analyses. The participants performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the 18 m walking test (18mW) with inertial sensors at baseline, three days after the CSF-TT, and six months after VPS. 21 instrumental variables described gait and postural transitions from TUG and 18mW recordings. Furthermore, participants were clinically assessed with scales (clinical variables). We tested the hypothesis by analysing the concurrent validity of instrumental and clinical variables, their individual- and group-level responsiveness to VPS, and their predictive validity for VPS outcomes after CSF-TT.

Results

The instrumental variables showed moderate to high correlation with the clinical variables. After VPS, most clinical and instrumental variables showed statistically significant improvements that reflect a reduction of apraxic features of gait. Most instrumental variables, but only one clinical variable (i.e., Tinetti POMA), had predictive value for VPS outcomes (significant adjusted R2 in the range 0.12–0.70).

Conclusions

These results confirm that wearable inertial sensors may represent a valid tool to complement clinical evaluation for iNPH assessment and prognosis.
Determinants of effective treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Vigo Daniel V. , Kazdin Alan E. , Sampson Nancy A. , Hwang Irving , Alonso Jordi , Andrade Laura Helena , Ayinde Olatunde , Borges Guilherme , Bruffaerts Ronny , Bunting Brendan , de Girolamo Giovanni , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep Maria , Harris Meredith G. , Karam Elie G. , Karam Georges , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Posada-Villa José , Scott Kate , Stagnaro Juan Carlos , Have Margreet ten , Wu Chi-Shin , Xavier Miguel , Kessler Ronald C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Most individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) receive either no care or inadequate care. The aims of this study is to investigate potential determinants of effective treatment coverage.

Methods

In order to examine obstacles to providing or receiving care, the type of care received, and the quality and use of that care in a representative sample of individuals with MDD, we analyzed data from 17 WHO World Mental Health Surveys conducted in 15 countries (9 high-income and 6 low/middle-income). Of 35,012 respondents, 3341 had 12-month MDD. We explored the association of socio-economic and demographic characteristics, insurance, and severity with effective treatment coverage and its components, including type of treatment, adequacy of treatment, dose, and adherence.

Results

High level of education (OR = 1.63; 1.19, 2.24), private insurance (OR = 1.62; 1.06, 2.48), and age (30–59yrs; OR = 1.58; 1.21, 2.07) predicted effective treatment coverage for depression in a multivariable logistic regression model. Exploratory bivariate models further indicate that education may follow a dose—response relation; that people with severe depression are more likely to receive any services, but less likely to receive adequate services; and that in low and middle-income countries, private insurance (the only significant predictor) increased the likelihood of receiving effective treatment coverage four times.

Conclusions

In the regression models, specific social determinants predicted effective coverage for major depression. Knowing the factors that determine who does and does not receive treatment contributes to improve our understanding of unmet needs and our ability to develop targeted interventions.
Adolescent perspectives on depression as a disease of loneliness: a qualitative study with youth and other stakeholders in urban Nepal
Authors: Wahid Syed Shabab , Ottman Katherine , Bohara Jyoti , Neupane Vibha , Fisher Helen L. , Kieling Christian , Mondelli Valeria , Gautam Kamal , Kohrt Brandon A.
Published: June 2022

Background

There is a lack of research on the adolescent experience of depression in low- and middle-income countries. Criteria derived from research conducted primarily among adult Western populations inform current diagnostic standards for depression. These clinical categories are often used without exploration of their relevance to adolescent experience. Also, reliance on these categories may overlook other symptoms of depression that manifest in non-western settings. Cross-cultural qualitative work with adults in non-Western settings has suggested some differences with experience of depression and symptoms that are most relevant to service users. Research into adolescent experiences of depression is warranted to inform the development of effective interventions.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted in Nepal with adolescents with depressive symptoms (n = 9), healthy adolescents (n = 3), parents (n = 6), teachers (n = 10), social workers (n = 14), primary (n = 6) and mental (n = 6) healthcare providers, and policymakers (n = 6). Two focus groups were conducted with parents (n = 12) of depressed and non-depressed adolescents. Data were analyzed according to the framework approach methodology.

Results

Loneliness was the hallmark experience that stood out for all adolescents. This was connected with 5 other clusters of symptoms: low mood and anhedonia; disturbances in sleep and appetite, accompanied by fatigue; irritability and anger; negative self-appraisals including hopelessness and self-doubt; and suicidality. Adolescents distinguished depression from other forms of stress, locally referred to as tension, and described depression to involve having “deep tension.” Perceived causes of depression included (1) Family issues: neglectful or absent parents, relationship problems, and family discord; (2) Peer relationships: romantic problems, bullying, and friendship problems; and (3) Social media: social comparison, popularity metrics, cyberbullying, and leaking of personal information.

Conclusions

Consistent with other cross-cultural studies, loneliness was a core element of the adolescent experience of depression, despite its absence as a primary symptom in current psychiatric diagnostic classifications. It is important to note that among youth, symptoms were clustered together and interrelated (e.g., sleep and appetite changes were connected with fatigue). This calls for the need for more cross-cultural qualitative research on experience of depression among adolescents, and potential for modification of diagnostic criteria and prevention and treatments to focus on the experience of loneliness.
Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells on dihydroartemisinin electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Shabestani Nazila , Mousazadeh Hanieh , Shayegh Fahimeh , Gholami Somayeh , Mota Ali , Zarghami Nosratollah
Published: June 2022

Background

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidate in stem cell therapies, and maintaining their stemness potential is vital to achieve effective treatment. Natural-based scaffolds have been recently attracted increasing attention in nanomedicine and drug delivery. In this study, Dihydroartemisinin (DHART)-loaded polycaprolactone collagen nanofibers (PCL/Col NFs) were constructed as effective biocompatible scaffolds through adjusting the proportions of hydrophobic/ hydrophilic polymers for enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs).

Results

The designed NFs were characterized through FTIR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, and tensile testing. DHART-loaded PCL/Col electrospun NFs provide an ideal solution, with the potential of sustained drug release as well as inhibition of drug re-crystallization. Interestingly, inhibiting DHART re-crystallization can improve its bioavailability and provide a more effective therapeutic efficacy. Besides, the data set found through FE-SEM, MTT, PicoGreen, qPCR, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays revealed the improved adhesion and proliferation rate of hADSCs cultured on PCL/Col/DHART (5%) NFs after 14 and 21 days of incubation.

Conclusions

These findings confirmed the potential of the designed NF scaffolds for sustained/controlled release of DHART therapeutic molecules toward bone tissue regeneration and engineering.

Graphical Abstract
First report of SYNE1 arthrogryposis multiplex congenita from Saudi Arabia with a novel mutation: a case report
Authors: Kamal Naglaa M. , Alzeky AlaaEddin M. , Omair Maher R. , Attar Ruwayd A. , Alotaibi Abdullah M. , Safar Abdullah , Alosaimi Nawal S. , Abosabie Sara A. S.
Published: June 2022

Background

Myogenic Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita type 3 (AMC-3), is a rare congenital condition characterized by severe hypotonia, club feet, and multiple joint contractures often affecting both arms and legs which start prior to birth.

Case presentation

We report a full-term neonate born to first-degree cousins from fourth-generation consanguineous families, who had with antenatal history of reduced fetal movements. At birth, he was noticed to have bilateral club feet, arthrogryposis, severe hypotonia, and absent deep tendon reflexes. The patient developed difficulty in breathing probably attributed to his generalized severe hypotonia, necessitating mechanical ventilation.

His creatinine-phospho-kinase, electromyogram, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was requested for the genetic diagnosis of the case.

WES identified a novel homozygous variant c.23415-3799C > G p. in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein1 [SYNE1] gene. Seven out of 20 bioinformatic in silico programs predicted a pathogenic effect for this variant. Segregation analysis of the variant in the parents and siblings revealed that both parents and one sibling were heterozygous for the same mutation which proved the variant significance and its autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

Conclusions

AMC3 should be suspected in patients with decreased fetal movements, severe hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, and arthrogryposis. SYNE1 gene mutations can be the underlying genetic defect and molecular genetic testing can prove the diagnosis.
The influence of object-location binding mental load effects on the visual N1 and N2 Event-related Potentials
Authors: Song Solwoong , Park Jinsick , Park Young Min , Kim In Young , Jang Dong Pyo
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the effect of object-location binding on the visual working memory workload. For this study, thirty healthy subjects were recruited, and they performed the “What was where” task, which was modified to evaluated object-location binding memory. We analyzed their ERP and behavior response.

Results

Object memory and location memory were preserved during the task, but binding memory decreased significantly when more than four objects were presented. These results indicate that the N1 amplitude is related to the object-only load effect, and the posterior N2 amplitude is a binding-dependent ERP component.
Pineal region teratoma with metastases in uncommon locations: a case report
Authors: AlRefaei Bayan , Al Haj Husain Taj , Alwaw Ricarda , Salama Fatema Alzahraa , Hamzeh Ghassan
Published: June 2022

Background

We report a rare case in medical literature of a patient with pineal gland teratoma and uncommon metastases. Usually, metastases of this kind of tumor are located in several organs such as lung and breast, but here we found metastases to the spinal cord and vertebrae.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old Asian white man presented with diplopia and acute neural symptoms in the lower limbs such as numbness, tingling, and paralysis. His medical history was notable for pineal teratoma, treated 1 year previously with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Physical examination of the lower limbs showed absent reflexes and sensation with muscle power scale score of 1 in both limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and spine revealed many lesions in various locations, most compatible with neural, spinal, and vertebral metastases. Unfortunately, the patient died suddenly before any intervention was carried out.

Conclusion

It is extremely rare for pineal region teratoma to metastasize to the spinal cord and vertebrae, thus more vigilant observation and examination should be provided to patients with pineal teratoma to detect any new lesions and prevent them from becoming dangerous.
Barriers and facilitators of maternal health care services use among pastoralist women in Ethiopia: Systems thinking perspective
Authors: Jebena Mulusew G. , Tesfaye Million , Abashula Gudina , Balina Sena , Jackson Ruth , Assefa Yibeltal , Kifle Yibeltal , Tesfaye Chala , Yilma Melaku , Hiruy Abiy , Teklu Alula , Bahru Bezawit Adugna , Assefa Esubalew , Demissie Mekdes , Mitike Getnet , Tushune Kora
Published: June 2022

We explored the barriers and facilitators of maternal health care service use among women in the pastoralist region of Ethiopia.

We used a mixed methods design—focus group discussions, key informant interviews, review of the literature and Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation Research (PEER) methods followed by a household survey among randomly chosen pastoralist women of reproductive age (n = 1,499). We used multi-variable regression analyses, and a p value ≤ 0.05 was set to determine statistical significance. In addition, we analysed qualitative data thematically and developed a causal loop diagram using dynamic synthesis methodology to analyse non-linearity, intricate relationships of the variable of interests.

In this study, 20.6% of women used modern contraceptive methods, 44.6% had four or more antenatal visits and 38.4% of sampled women received skilled delivery services. We observed multiple individual and community related factors such as education, income and women’s and their partner’s knowledge, perceptions, husband approval, social norms and value-expectations and providers’ gender preferences and health systems factors such as access to health facilities, place of living, provider's cultural competency skills, supplies, delivery positions, economic and political stability, and provider's attitude were linked to maternal health care services utilization among women in pastoralist regions.

Approaches towards pastoralists’ health care delivery systems should be responsive to their cultural and political ecology and human agency.