bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negligible therapeutic impact, false-positives, overdiagnosis and lead-time are the reasons why radiographs bring more harm than benefits in the caries diagnosis of preschool children
Authors:   CARDEC collaborative group, Pontes Laura Regina A. , Lara Juan Sebastian , Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Freitas Julia Gomes , Gimenez Thais , Moro Bruna Lorena P. , Maia Haline C. M. , Imparato José Carlos P. , Braga Mariana M. , Raggio Daniela P. , Mendes Fausto M.
Published: March 2021

Background

To evaluate the clinical course and interventions required during two years of follow-up of dental surfaces of deciduous molars diagnosed, and consequently treated, by two different strategies: diagnosis made by clinical examination alone or associated with radiographs.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a two-arm randomized clinical trial with parallel groups related to the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in preschool children. 216 children (3–6 years old) were followed-up for two years. All dental surfaces were diagnosed by visual inspection and later, through radiographic assessment. Baseline treatment was made in accordance with the results obtained by visual inspection performed alone or combined with radiographic method, considering the allocated group. Dental surfaces with no restoration needs, or those restored at the beginning of the study were followed-up for two years. The treatment decision was made according to the allocated group. The outcome was the occurrence of failure (a new caries lesion or a restoration replacement) during the follow-up.

Results

4383 proximal and occlusal surfaces of deciduous molars in 216 preschool children were diagnosed and treated according to the abovementioned diagnostic strategies and followed-up for 24 months. The assessment of radiographs made change the initial decision reached by visual inspection in about 30% of the surfaces when all types of interventions were considered. However, most disagreements occurred for initial lesions, where radiographs tended to underestimate them. Discordances between methods occurred in less than 5% of all surfaces when considered lesions requiring operative treatment. For discrepancy cases, the placed interventions guided by following the radiographic results did not present less failures against those made following only visual inspection. As a matter of fact, the use of radiographs in the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in children brought more harms than benefits due to the occurrence of false-positives, overdiagnosis and lead-time bias.

Conclusions

Simultaneous association of visual inspection and radiographic assessment for caries detection in preschool children causes more harms than benefits, and therefore, visual inspection should be conducted alone in the regular clinical practice.

Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov platform: NCT02078453, registered on 5th March 2014.
An updated review of mechanistic potentials of melatonin against cancer: pivotal roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress
Authors: Mehrzadi Saeed , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Mirzaei Alireza , Moradian Farid , Hosseinzadeh Azam
Published: March 2021

Cancers are serious life-threatening diseases which annually are responsible for millions of deaths across the world. Despite many developments in therapeutic approaches for affected individuals, the rate of morbidity and mortality is high. The survival rate and life quality of cancer patients is still low. In addition, the poor prognosis of patients and side effects of the present treatments underscores that finding novel and effective complementary and alternative therapies is a critical issue. Melatonin is a powerful anticancer agent and its efficiency has been widely documented up to now. Melatonin applies its anticancer abilities through affecting various mechanisms including angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Regarding the implication of mentioned cellular processes in cancer pathogenesis, we aimed to further evaluate the anticancer effects of melatonin via these mechanisms.
Using a biopsychosocial approach to examine differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms between Arab and Jewish Israeli mothers following a child’s traumatic medical event
Authors: Hussein Sewar , Sadeh Yaara , Dekel Rachel , Shadmi Efrat , Brezner Amichai , Landa Jana , Silberg Tamar
Published: March 2021

Background

Parents of children following traumatic medical events (TMEs) are known to be at high risk for developing severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Findings on the negative impact of TMEs on parents’ PTSS have been described in different cultures and societies. Parents from ethnic minority groups may be at particularly increased risk for PTSS following their child’s TME due to a host of sociocultural characteristics. Yet, differences in PTSS manifestation between ethnic groups following a child’s TME has rarely been studied.

Objectives

We aimed to examine: (1) differences in PTSS between Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Jewish mothers, following a child’s TME, and (2) risk and protective factors affecting mother’s PTSS from a biopsychosocial approach.

Methods

Data were collected from medical files of children following TMEs, hospitalized in a Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, between 2008 and 2018. The sample included 47 Israeli-Arab mothers and 47 matched Israeli-Jewish mothers. Mothers completed the psychosocial assessment tool (PAT) and the post-traumatic diagnostic scale (PDS).

Results

Arab mothers perceived having more social support than their Jewish counterparts yet reported higher levels of PTSS compared to the Jewish mothers. Our prediction model indicated that Arab ethnicity and pre-trauma family problems predicted higher levels of PTSS among mothers of children following TMEs.

Conclusions

Despite reporting higher social support, Arab mothers reported higher levels of PTSS, as compared to the Jewish mothers. Focusing on ethnic and cultural differences in the effects of a child’s TME may help improve our understanding of the mental-health needs of mothers from different minority groups and aid in developing appropriate health services and targeted interventions for this population.
Current status of treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Xiong Wei
Published: March 2021

Patients with cancer are prone to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) that is the second leading cause of mortality among them. Cancer patients with VTE may encounter higher rates of VTE recurrence and bleeding complications than patients without cancer. Treatment of established VTE is often complex in patients with cancer. Treatment of cancer-associated VTE basically comprises initial treatment, long-term treatment, treatment within 6 months, treatment beyond 6 months, treatment of recurrent VTE, and treatment in special situations. Decision of antithrombotic therapy, selection of anticoagulants, duration of anticoagulation, decision of adjuvant therapy, and adjustment of regimen in special situations are the major problems in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the key of the key in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. In addition to the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) that has been fully demonstrated, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly showing its advantages along with the accompanying concern in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. The latest ASCO, ITAC and NCCN guidelines agree with each other on most aspects with respect to the treatment of cancer-associated VTE, whereas differ on a few issues. Encompassing recent randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, as well as the comparison of the latest authoritative guidelines including the NCCN, ASCO, and ITAC guidelines in this field, the objective of this review is to present current overview and recommendations for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE.
Diaphragm reconstruction by GORE DUALMESH in patients undergoing resection for thoracic malignancies
Authors: Sano Atsushi , Azuma Yoko , Sakai Takashi , Koezuka Satoshi , Otsuka Hajime , Iyoda Akira
Published: March 2021

Background

We used GORE DUALMESH for the reconstruction of diaphragms in patients with thoracic malignancies. Here, we report the results.

Methods

Between July 2015 and August 2017, diaphragm reconstruction using 2-mm GORE DUALMESH was performed in 7 patients undergoing surgical resection for thoracic malignancies. After resection of the diaphragm, the mesh was trimmed to the size of defect and placed with the smooth surface facing the chest cavity and the rough surface facing the abdomen. It was fixed with interrupted sutures consisting of synthetic monofilament nonabsorbable 1–0 to 2 threads.

Results

Indications for resection were malignant pleural mesothelioma and primary lung cancer in 5 and 2 patients, respectively. Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma underwent pleurectomy with decortication; patients with primary lung cancer underwent lung lobectomy. Right and left diaphragm reconstruction was performed for 4 and 3 patients, respectively. Neither complications related to diaphragm reconstruction nor displacement of mesh occurred during a follow-up period ranging from 11 days to 37 months.

Conclusions

GORE DUALMESH is a good synthetic material for diaphragm reconstruction, because its smooth surface prevents adhesions to the lung and its rough surface allows adherence to abdominal tissue.
A novel de novo DDX3X missense variant in a female with brachycephaly and intellectual disability: a case report
Authors: Moresco Giada , Costanza Jole , Santaniello Carlo , Rondinone Ornella , Grilli Federico , Prada Elisabetta , Orcesi Simona , Coro Ilaria , Pichiecchio Anna , Marchisio Paola , Miozzo Monica , Fontana Laura , Milani Donatella
Published: March 2021

Background

De novo pathogenic variants in the DDX3X gene are reported to account for 1–3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) in females, leading to the rare disease known as DDX3X syndrome (MRXSSB, OMIM #300958). Besides ID, these patients manifest a variable clinical presentation, which includes neurological and behavioral defects, and abnormal brain MRIs.

Case presentation

We report a 10-year-old girl affected by delayed psychomotor development, delayed myelination, and polymicrogyria (PMG). We identified a novel de novo missense mutation in the DDX3X gene (c.625C > G) by whole exome sequencing (WES). The DDX3X gene encodes a DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA-helicase broadly implicated in gene expression through regulation of mRNA metabolism. The identified mutation is located just upstream the helicase domain and is suggested to impair the protein activity, thus resulting in the altered translation of DDX3X-dependent mRNAs. The proband, presenting with the typical PMG phenotype related to the syndrome, does not show other clinical signs frequently reported in presence of missense DDX3X mutations that are associated with a most severe clinical presentation. In addition, she has brachycephaly, never described in female DDX3X patients, and macroglossia, that has never been associated with the syndrome.

Conclusions

This case expands the knowledge of DDX3X pathogenic variants and the associated DDX3X syndrome phenotypic spectrum.
The relationship of maternal anxiety, positive and negative affect schedule, and fatigue with neonatal psychological health upon childbirth
Authors: Dokuhaki Sara , Dokuhaki Fateme , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: March 2021

Background

Exposure of mothers to negative moods and stress before childbirth leads to negative consequences for the infants. Given the importance of psychological health, this study aimed to examine the effect of these factors on the infants’ psychological health.

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz hospitals on 110 pregnant women selected with multistage random sampling. Research tools included The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) to measure fatigue with three criteria; The Positive and Negative Emotion Schedule (PANAS); and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to measure maternal mood and anxiety level. Also, neonatal psychological health was assessed by a checklist. Neonatal psychological health’s correlation with maternal anxiety, fatigue, and mental state was assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS-19 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and statistical regression at the significance level of 0.05.

Result

Although there was no significant relationship between maternal anxiety score and neonatal psychological health after birth (p = 0.231; r=-0.343), the relationship was significant immediately after birth with positive (P < 0.001; r = 0.343) and negative affect scores (P < 0.001; r=-0.357).

Conclusions

There was a statistically significant relationship between the neonatal psychological health and maternal fatigue (p ≤ 0.001; r = -0.357) and PANAS (p ≤ 0.001) of the mother; however, it had no significant relationship with maternal anxiety (p = 0.231; r=- 0.343). Therefore, nurses and midwives can reduce maternal anxiety and improve neonatal mental health by supporting mothers.
Predicting the outcome in confirmed COVID-19 patients with coronary artery disease: a key role for the first chest computed tomography
Authors: Omidi Negar , Lotfi-Tokaldany Masoumeh , Shirani Shapour , Salarifar Mojtaba , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Ghorashi Seyyed Mojtaba , Aein Afsaneh
Published: March 2021

Background

Serial chest computed tomography (CT) scans are used to detect coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and monitor the disease course. This study investigates relationship between total severity score by first chest CT and the outcome of coronavirus COVID-19 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Results

A total of 48 patients with a history of CAD (mean age=60.83±3.06 years, 75% male) with positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19 were included. Outcome was defined as acute respiratory distress syndrome or death. The unadjusted and adjusted effects of the CT score on the outcome were reported through odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Outcome occurred in 17 (35.5%) patients (8 deaths). The CT score was directly and significantly correlated with the outcome in the univariate analysis (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70; P=0.003) and remained significant after adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, and serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11–2.05; P=0.009). Outcome rate was 24.1% in patients with a CT score <2.5, whereas it was 8.3% in patients with a CT score>2.5.

Conclusions

The first chest CT score could be a robust predictor of adverse events in confirmed COVID-19 patients with coronary artery disease.
Αξιολόγηση της ρομποτικής χειρουργικής στην αντιμετώπιση παθήσεων παχέος εντέρου σε ασθενείς
Authors: Ιωαννίδης Αργύριος
Published: March 2021

Σκοπός : Η αξιολόγηση της τεχνολογίας της ρομποτικής χειρουργικής στις παθήσεις του παχέος εντέρου σε ασθενείςΥλικό – Μέθοδος : Αναδρομική μελέτη μίας προοπτικής κοόρτης 101 ασθενών που υπεβλήθησαν σε ρομποτικές κολεκτομές από το 2012 έως το 2018 από τον ίδιο χειρουργό. Καταγράφηκαν προεγχειρητικά, περιεγχειρητικά και μετεγχειρητικά δεδομένα. Αποτελέσματα : Η μέση ηλικία του δείγματος ήταν 66 έτη και ο μέσος δείκτης μάζας σώματος 30.2 Kg/m2. Το ποσοστό μετατροπής σε ανοικτό χειρουργείο ήταν 1,9% και η μέση απώλεια αίματος 90ml και η μέση παραμονή στο νοσοκομείο 5 ημέρες. Επιπλοκές μεγαλύτερες από Clavien-Dindo II παρουσίασαν 9 ασθενείς. Συμπέρασμα : Η ρομποτική χειρουργική προσφέρει όλα τα οφέλη της ελάχιστα επεμβατική χειρουργικής, με μικρότερο ποσοστό μετατροπών σε συσχέτιση με τα αντίστοιχα λαπαροσκοπικά χειρουργεία, με ογκολογικά αποτελέσματα εφάμιλλα των ανοιχτών χειρουργείων.
Η συμβολή του δασοκομικού σχεδιασμού στον πολυλειτουργικό ρόλο του δάσους καστανιάς στο όρος Πάικο
Authors: Ουρούζη Αγγελική
Published: March 2021

Ο πολυλειτουργικός ρόλος των δασών αναδείχτηκε από πολλούς επιστήμονες και ερευνητές σε όλο τον κόσμο. Η εξεύρεση κατάλληλων μοντέλων διαχείρισης των δασικών οικοσυστημάτων αποτελεί ζητούμενο των ερευνών αυτών. Με την παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επιδιώκεται η αξιολόγηση της υφιστάμενης διαχείρισης σε οικοσυστήματα καστανιάς, στο όρος Πάϊκο, με βασική αρχή τις πολλαπλές λειτουργίες του δάσους. Το καστανοδάσος της περιοχής του Πάϊκου χαρακτηρίζεται από ένα ευρύ μωσαϊκό ιδιωτικών καστανοτεμαχίων που σήμερα κατά 85% διαχειρίζονται για την παραγωγή καρπού (κασταναριά). Έγινε υπολογισμός των κύριων λειτουργιών του καστανοδάσους, προστατευτική, παραγωγική, αισθητική, ενταγμένων όμως στη μορφή διαχείρισης (κασταναριά, καστανωτά, μεικτά), γιατί έχουμε έντονη αλληλοδιαπλοκή των λειτουργιών. Διενεργήθηκε δειγματοληψία στα τμήματα αυτά για να αποτυπωθεί η δομή τους και να υπολογιστούν τα διάφορα δενδρομετρικά στοιχεία. Πραγματοποιήθηκε απλή τυχαία δειγματοληψία και συνολικά λήφθηκαν 82 δοκιμαστικές επιφάνειες, ορθογωνίου σχήματος 40mχ25m και εμβαδού ενός στρέμματος, η κάθε μία. Τα στοιχεία που συλλέχθηκαν ψηφιοποιήθηκαν, συστηματοποιήθηκαν και επεξεργάστηκαν. Καταρτίστηκαν διαγράμματα κατανομής διαμέτρων και υψών, δημιουργήθηκαν απεικονίσεις των δειγματοληπτικών επιφανειών τύπου προφίλ, υπολογίσθηκε το πραγματικό ξυλαπόθεμα για τα καστανοτεμάχια και έγινε κατάταξη κατά IUFRO. Διενεργήθηκε στατιστική ανάλυση τόσο για τις δειγματοληπτικές επιφάνειες όσο και μεταξύ των τύπων δάσους που διακρίθηκαν. Το μωσαϊκό των ιδιοκτησιών και το μικρό τους σχετικά μέγεθος, επέβαλλε την έρευνα βάσει ερωτηματολογίου για τις συνθήκες καλλιέργειας και τα προβλήματα που παρουσιάζονται. Από την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων προέκυψε το συμπέρασμα ότι το καστανοδάσος του όρους Πάικο ανταποκρίνεται ικανοποιητικά στον πολυλειτουργικό του ρόλο και τις οικοσυστημικές υπηρεσίες του, με σημαντικά όμως προβλήματα διαχείρισης να εμφανίζονται στον τρόπο καλλιέργειας των κασταναριών, και των μεικτών καστανοδασών, και με την πλήρη σχεδόν μετατροπή των καστανωτών σε κασταναριά.
Building an African Identity through Magical Realism: Cyclicality in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road
Authors: Powers Connor
Published: March 2021

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Ethnic Identity and Educational Outcomes in African American College Students
Authors: Miller Quadreon , Akibar Alvin , Nieman Yolanda
Published: March 2021

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Fighting or Conforming? Unitarian Opinion on Women and Culture
Authors: Palmer Brooke
Published: March 2021

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ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL ATTITUDE OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDENTS TOWARD THE USE OF COMPUTING SOFTWARE
Authors: Pestano-Gabino Celina , González-Concepción Concepción , Gil-Fariña María Candelaria
Published: March 2021

This research is framed in the context of the university mathematical training of social science students, in particular, in the field of economics, business, accounting and finance. It arises from the deficiency observed in the training of students, which leads them to trust the accuracy of the results obtained through any specialized and widely recognized mathematical software. Some of them know that the software can make mistakes, but they believe that it will only happen in exercises of a much higher level than the one that affects them, that is, those that have to do with strictly scientific areas. Research confirms that this blind trust is true, and justifies why they should be critical of software use at any level. It also provides one of the many answers to the question that some of them ask themselves: Why spend class time on the methods and certain steps of the algorithms if the computer can solve the exercises?
The secrets to a good dental nurse/dentist relationship
Authors: Fitzsimons Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Qualifying in Ireland during a pandemic, Rebecca Fitzsimons explains why working with multiple dentists gets her out of her comfort zone and shares tips on adapting to the different clinicians
Insurance: playing Russian roulette?
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: March 2021

Insurance is a product that no one wants to buy. However, it is essential, as it is not only legally mandated, but is also a matter of corporate risk management. The question is how homes get the best deal without cutting cover. Adam Bernstein advises on how homes can get the best deal without cutting cover.
Life on the frontline of COVID: Lindsay’s story
Authors: Hood Lindsay
Published: March 2021

Lindsay Hood, the administration manager at Royal Star & Garter’s Surbiton home, was hospitalised after catching COVID-19. In our latest Behind the Scenes, the mother of two tells of the full impact the virus had on her life, both physically and mentally, and why she wants her parents to take the vaccine.
Understanding and reducing refusals of personal care in dementia
Authors: Backhouse Tamara
Published: March 2021

Background:

Refusals of assistance with personal care in dementia can be a major source of distress for people living with dementia and their caregivers.

Aims:

This article examines refusals of care and considers ways of minimising them.

Methods:

Summary of factors related to refusals of care.

Findings:

Refusals of care in dementia are common, can occur for many reasons, and can contribute to poor hygiene and caregiver burden. Safeguarding legislation is in place to help guide practitioners and person-centred care can be one way to help reduce and manage refusals. Charities and other organisations suggest multiple ideas to manage refusals. Research evidence for formal interventions is limited, with most evidence for music interventions, bathing modifications and communication techniques.

Conclusions:

A holistic approach tailored to each person could prevent, reduce or manage refusals of care. Using non-pharmacological interventions and person-centred care, modifying the caregiver approach, adapting to the person’s preferences, minimising the care task, eliminating underlying issues and altering the environment may reduce the likelihood of refusals.
Parasite roundup 2020
Authors: Stokes Laura , Wright Ian
Published: March 2021

This article draws information from the European Scientific Counsel for Companion Animal Parasites UK and Ireland parasite forecasts, as well as other renowned sources to provide a roundup of companion animal parasitology in 2020.
Assessing body condition scores assigned to images of dogs by veterinary nurses working in urban, rural and suburban settings in New Zealand
Authors: Harvey Laura C , Fontaine SJ
Published: March 2021

Background:

Canine obesity is a growing problem, both in New Zealand and overseas. Veterinary nurses play a vital role as part of the veterinary healthcare team in ensuring clients are provided with timely, accurate, and consistent advice, and this includes advice relating to a pet's nutritional status and body condition.

Aim:

To investigate if there were any differences in body condition scores assigned to images of canines by veterinary nurses working in urban, suburban, and rural settings.

Methods:

Veterinary nurses (restricted to those with a minimum of 2 years formal training) in New Zealand were recruited online and asked to complete a short, online survey providing a body condition score for 10 dogs of varying morphology, via a photograph.

Results:

There were 77 useable responses and results showed no significant difference to the score assigned by veterinary nurses in different geographical settings.

Conclusion:

These results provide assurances to the consistency of body condition score being assigned by veterinary nurses in New Zealand, showing that geographical setting is not a confounding factor in a veterinary nurse's interpretation of body condition. While this result is optimistic, further research is needed to determine if this consistency is present across other members of the healthcare team.
The Influence of Online Project Collaborative Learning and Achievement Motivation on Problem-Solving Ability
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Setyosari Punaji , Utaya Sugeng , Kuswandi Dedi
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to find out the influence of online project collaborative learning and achievement motivation on problem-solving ability in the area of citizenship. This study uses a quasi-experimental design. The total of study subjects is 71 students of higher education; consist of 36 students as the experimental group and 35 students as the control group. Data of problem-solving ability is obtained by using an essay test, while data of achievement motivation is obtained by using a questionnaire. Data analysis is done with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The study results show that online based-project collaborative learning strategy has a positive influence on civic problem-solving ability. There is a difference in civic problem-solving ability between students with high achievement motivation and students with low achievement motivation. Online project collaborative learning strategy and achievement motivation interact in influencing the civic problem-solving ability of students. It is recommended that further study corroborate this finding by testing again the effectiveness of using online-based project collaborative strategy in the aspect of problem-solving in a similar field of study.
A randomized controlled trial of combination of peppermint, lavender, and turmeric oil for antipruritic agent in pregnant women
Authors: Retno Asih Fransisca , Husin Farid , Suwarsa Oki , Fidrianny Irda , Hilmanto Dany
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Pruritus is the most common dermatological complaint that occurs during pregnancy, which is around 14–20%. No research related to herbal products to reduce some of the characteristics of pruritus at once has been conducted. This study aimed to assess the effect of blending oil to reduce pruritus based on visual analog scale (VAS).

METHODS This was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial that included 57 pregnant women who were at 25–38 weeks of gestation, had a pruritus during pregnancy, a single pregnancy, a level I and II pruritus and a moderate to severe pruritus based on VAS. Pruritus scores were measured using VAS in both the treatment and control groups. The treatment and control groups applied blending oil and placebo, respectively, twice a day after bathing for 2 weeks. Mann–Whitney U, paired t, and chi-square tests were used for the analysis.

RESULTS Pruritus reduction in pregnant women who received blending oil was higher than those using placebo (61.08% versus 12.41%, p<0.05). 83% of subjects using blending oils had a reduction of pruritus by >25 mm. Pregnant women who used placebo had a six times greater risk of experiencing pruritus than those who used blending oil (RR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.613–12.874).

CONCLUSIONS Blending oil can be used topically to treat a pruritus in pregnant women.
Unpacking intersectional solidarity: dimensions of power in coalitions
Authors: Ciccia Rossella , Roggeband Conny
Published: March 2021

Scholars have often oscillated between celebrating the transformative potential of solidarity and recognising the ambivalent nature of cooperation for disadvantaged and marginalised groups. How can we make sense of these differences? This article addresses this question by unpacking intersectional solidarity along two dimensions: the ways issues are framed; and the extent to which organisations adopt a transformative praxis to redress disparities in resources and representation. By focusing on the interplay between discursive and material dimensions of power, we identify four types of intersectional solidarity, with different transformative potential. The usefulness of this typology is illustrated by means of secondary analysis of coalition work developed around reproductive justice and domestic workers’ rights. It shows that only an ideal form of transformative solidarity reflects feminist normative theorising of an alliance across differences.
Single-shot 3D shape measurement using an end-to-end stereo matching network for speckle projection profilometry
Authors: Yin Wei , Hu Yan , Feng Shijie , Huang Lei , Kemao Qian , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: March 2021

Speckle projection profilometry (SPP), which establishes the global correspondences between stereo images by projecting only a single speckle pattern, has the advantage of single-shot 3D reconstruction. Nevertheless, SPP suffers from the low matching accuracy of traditional stereo matching algorithms, which fundamentally limits its 3D measurement accuracy. In this work, we propose a single-shot 3D shape measurement method using an end-to-end stereo matching network for SPP. To build a high-quality SPP dataset for training the network, by combining phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) and temporal phase unwrapping techniques, high-precision absolute phase maps can be obtained to generate accurate and dense disparity maps with high completeness as the ground truth by phase matching. For the architecture of the network, a multi-scale residual subnetwork is first leveraged to synchronously extract compact feature tensors with 1/4 resolution from speckle images for constructing the 4D cost volume. Considering that the cost filtering based on 3D convolution is computationally costly, a lightweight 3D U-net network is proposed to implement efficient 4D cost aggregation. In addition, because the disparity maps in the SPP dataset should have valid values only in the foreground, a simple and fast saliency detection network is integrated to avoid predicting the invalid pixels in the occlusions and background regions, thereby implicitly enhancing the matching accuracy for valid pixels. Experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method improves the matching accuracy by about 50% significantly compared with traditional stereo matching methods. Consequently, our method achieves fast and absolute 3D shape measurement with an accuracy of about 100µm through a single speckle pattern.
Fast-switchable, high diffraction-efficiency ferroelectric liquid crystal Fibonacci grating
Authors: Sun Zhi-bo , Yuan Zheng-nan , Nikita An , Kwok Hoi-sing , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: March 2021

Low-voltage fast switchable 1D and 2D Fibonacci grating (FbG), using an electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC), with high diffraction efficiency for a super-resolution imaging system in far-field are disclosed in this paper. Specifically, the polarization-independent two-domain (0, π) structure is well designed based on photoalignment technology to maximize the total diffraction efficiency that can reach 97.4% (1st order:8.5%, 2nd order: 30%). Apart from that, the FLC gratings offer two tunable states: non-diffractive and diffractive states. Derived from the fast-response property of ferroelectric liquid crystal material, the switching speed of the 1D and 2D ESHFLC-FbG is 103µs at 4 V of the driving voltage. Furthermore, this system achieves the high-resolving power of (λ/2.25) for object detection based upon the intensity map received behind 1D ESHFLC-FbG at far-field. Contribution from the quasi-periodic FbG’s special ability to translate the super-resolution information (including at evanescent wave) into the detectable far-field region. Concisely, the proposed ESHFLC-FbG can be a promising candidate for a super-resolution imaging system, superstructure fibre sensor, and other photonic applications.
Design method for the high optical efficiency and uniformity illumination system of the projector
Authors: Bai Xueqiong , Jing Xiaoli , Liao Ningfang
Published: March 2021

How to balance the optical efficiency, illumination uniformity and the size of the illumination system is a challenging task in projector design. In this paper, we present a mathematical model describing the relationship between optical energy of the illumination system and the optical parameters and an optimization design method considering the light intensity distribution of the light source. By using the proposed method, two illumination systems are designed with different types of the digital micromirror device chips. In addition, we also propose a non-coaxial system to solve the deformation problem caused by the large flip angle of the DMD chip and further improve the illumination uniformity based on Scheimpflug principle. The optical efficiency and illumination uniformity of the illumination systems were verified and analyzed. The results indicate that the systems designed by the proposed method can provide a good design scheme and obtain a satisfactory utilization rate of the optical energy and higher uniformity.
The effectiveness of anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure medication for individuals with single enhancing lesion neurocysticercosis: A meta-analysis and expert group-based consensus recommendations
Authors: Abraham Annette , Bustos Javier A. , Carabin Hélène , de Meijere Robert , Sahu Priyadarshi S. , Rajshekhar Vedantam , Singh Gagandeep , White A. Clinton , Chiodini Peter L. , Gabriël Sarah , Homeida Mamoun , Nash Theodore , Ngowi Bernard , Zhou Xiao Nong , Coyle Christina , Garcia Hector H. , Winkler Andrea S.
Published: March 2021

Single brain enhancing lesions (SEL) are the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis (NCC) observed on neuroimaging in people presenting with epileptic seizures not only on the Indian sub-continent and in travelers returning from cysticercosis-endemic regions, but are also present in other parts of the world.

The aim of this study, which consisted of a systematic review (CRD42019087665), a meta-analysis and an expert group consultation, was to reach consensus on the best anti-seizure medication and anti-inflammatory treatment for individuals with SEL NCC.

Standard literature review methods were used. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used and random effects model meta-analyses were performed. The quality of the body of evidence was rated using GRADE tables. The expert committee included 12 gender and geographically balanced members and recommendations were reached by applying the GRADE framework for guideline development.

The 1–1.5-year cumulative incidence of seizure recurrence, cyst resolution or calcification following anti-seizure medication (ASM) withdrawal was not statistically different between ASM of 6, 12 or 24 months. In contrast, in persons whose cyst calcified post treatment, longer ASM decreased seizure recurrence. The cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) 1–1.5 years after stopping ASM was 1.79 95% CI: (1.00, 3.20) for patients given 6 versus 24 months treatment.

Anti-inflammatory treatment with corticosteroids in patients treated with ASM compared to patients treated with ASM only showed a statistically significant beneficial effect on seizure reduction (CIR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23, 0.85) and cyst resolution (CIR 1.37, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.75).

Our results indicate that ASM in patients with SEL NCC whose cysts resolved can be withdrawn, while patients whose cysts calcified seem to benefit from prolonged anti-seizure medication. Additional corticosteroid treatment was found to have a beneficial effect both on seizure reduction and cyst resolution.
Correlation-based common spatial pattern (CCSP): A novel extension of CSP for classification of motor imagery signal
Authors: Darvish ghanbar Khatereh , Yousefi Rezaii Tohid , Farzamnia Ali , Saad Ismail
Published: March 2021

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is shown to be an effective pre-processing algorithm in order to discriminate different classes of motor-based EEG signals by obtaining suitable spatial filters. The performance of these filters can be improved by regularized CSP, in which available prior information is added in terms of regularization terms into the objective function of conventional CSP. Variety of prior information can be used in this way. In this paper, we used time correlation between different classes of EEG signal as the prior information, which is clarified similarity between different classes of signal for regularizing CSP. Furthermore, the proposed objective function can be easily extended to more than two-class problems. We used three different standard datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Correlation-based CSP (CCSP) outperformed original CSP as well as the existing regularized CSP, Principle Component Cnalysis (PCA) and Fisher Discriminate Analysis (FDA) in both two-class and multi-class scenarios. The simulation results showed that the proposed method outperformed conventional CSP by 6.9% in 2-class and 2.23% in multi-class problem in term of mean classification accuracy.
Effect of shade and precipitation on germination and seedling establishment of dominant plant species in an Andean arid region, the Bolivian Prepuna
Authors: Roque Marca Natalio , López Ramiro Pablo , Naoki Kazuya
Published: March 2021

Germination and seedling establishment are two critical processes in the life cycle of plants. Seeds and seedlings must pass through a series of abiotic and biotic filters in order to recruit as members of their communities. These processes are part of the regeneration niche of the species. In arid regions, the regeneration niche is frequently associated to facilitation by shade. Facilitation is a positive interaction between plants, in which one of them acts as a benefactor (the nurse) of the other (the beneficiary). The result of this interaction can be reflected in the increased growth, survival, and/or reproduction of the beneficiary plant. In this study, we determined experimentally the effect of shade and irrigation on the germination and early survival of dominant species of a semi-arid Andean region, the Bolivian Prepuna. An experiment withAcacia feddeana,Prosopis ferox,Cercidium andicola(woody species),Parodia maassii, andOreocereus celsianus(cactus species) was carried out at an experimental garden in La Paz, Bolivia, with a bifactorial design, considering shaded and unshaded pots, subjected to two irrigation treatments (≈50 and 80 mm of rainfall during the whole study period). Microenvironmental conditions did not affect the seed germination of the woody species. However, they showed differences in seedling survival:A.feddeanasurvived better under shade, whereasP.feroxandC.andicolasurvived better without shade.Cercidiumandicola, compared toP.ferox, was more affected by shade and low irrigation. Although germination success of cacti was low, both species germinated better under shade and with high irrigation. These results showed differences in the regeneration niche of dominant species of the Prepuna which may favor their coexistence and which may be characteristic of other dry Andean regions.
Characterizing COVID-19 clinical phenotypes and associated comorbidities and complication profiles
Authors: Lusczek Elizabeth R. , Ingraham Nicholas E. , Karam Basil S. , Proper Jennifer , Siegel Lianne , Helgeson Erika S. , Lotfi-Emran Sahar , Zolfaghari Emily J. , Jones Emma , Usher Michael G. , Chipman Jeffrey G. , Dudley R. Adams , Benson Bradley , Melton Genevieve B. , Charles Anthony , Lupei Monica I. , Tignanelli Christopher J.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Heterogeneity has been observed in outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identification of clinical phenotypes may facilitate tailored therapy and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify specific clinical phenotypes across COVID-19 patients and compare admission characteristics and outcomes.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients from March 7, 2020 to August 25, 2020 at 14 U.S. hospitals. Ensemble clustering was performed on 33 variables collected within 72 hours of admission. Principal component analysis was performed to visualize variable contributions to clustering. Multinomial regression models were fit to compare patient comorbidities across phenotypes. Multivariable models were fit to estimate associations between phenotype and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes.

Results

The database included 1,022 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three clinical phenotypes were identified (I, II, III), with 236 [23.1%] patients in phenotype I, 613 [60%] patients in phenotype II, and 173 [16.9%] patients in phenotype III. Patients with respiratory comorbidities were most commonly phenotype III (p = 0.002), while patients with hematologic, renal, and cardiac (all p<0.001) comorbidities were most commonly phenotype I. Adjusted odds of respiratory, renal, hepatic, metabolic (all p<0.001), and hematological (p = 0.02) complications were highest for phenotype I. Phenotypes I and II were associated with 7.30-fold (HR:7.30, 95% CI:(3.11–17.17), p<0.001) and 2.57-fold (HR:2.57, 95% CI:(1.10–6.00), p = 0.03) increases in hazard of death relative to phenotype III.

Conclusion

We identified three clinical COVID-19 phenotypes, reflecting patient populations with different comorbidities, complications, and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to determine the utility of these phenotypes in clinical practice and trial design.
Tracking the impact of COVID-19 on economic inequality at high frequency
Authors: Aspachs Oriol , Durante Ruben , Graziano Alberto , Mestres Josep , Reynal-Querol Marta , Montalvo Jose G.
Published: March 2021

Pandemics have historically had a significant impact on economic inequality. However, official inequality statistics are only available at low frequency and with considerable delay, which challenges policymakers in their objective to mitigate inequality and fine-tune public policies. We show that using data from bank records it is possible to measure economic inequality at high frequency. The approach proposed in this paper allows measuring, timely and accurately, the impact on inequality of fast-unfolding crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying this approach to data from a representative sample of over three million residents of Spain we find that, absent government intervention, inequality would have increased by almost 30% in just one month. The granularity of the data allows analyzing with great detail the sources of the increases in inequality. In the Spanish case we find that it is primarily driven by job losses and wage cuts experienced by low-wage earners. Government support, in particular extended unemployment insurance and benefits for furloughed workers, were generally effective at mitigating the increase in inequality, though less so among young people and foreign-born workers. Therefore, our approach provides knowledge on the evolution of inequality at high frequency, the effectiveness of public policies in mitigating the increase of inequality and the subgroups of the population most affected by the changes in inequality. This information is fundamental to fine-tune public policies on the wake of a fast-moving pandemic like the COVID-19.
Zerk eragiten du obesitatea duen pertsona bat metabolikoki osasuntsua izatea edo ez izatea?
Authors: Aguirre Rodríguez Olaia , Eseberri Barace Itziar
Published: March 2021

Obesitatea osasun-arazo garrantzitsua bihurtu da xxi. mendean, mundu osoan milioika pertsonei eragiten diena. Obesitatearekin batera hainbat komorbilitate agertzen direla onartuta dago, eta horiek bizi-itxaropena murriztearekin lotzen dira. Hala ere, obesitatea pairatzen duten pertsona guztiengan ez da egoera hori antzeman; izan ere, ikusi izan da hainbatek obesitatearekin lotutako asaldura kardiometabolikoen aurrean babesa erakusten dutela. Obesitatea pairatzen duten baina komorbilitaterik ez duten horiek metabolikoki osasuntsuak diren obesoak (MOO) dira. Gaur egun, MOO kontzeptuaren definizioa aldatu egiten da iturri bibliografikoen arabera; hortaz, ez da oso zehatza. Gainera, MOO identifikatzeko irizpide unibertsalik ez dagoenez, prebalentzia-datuak nabarmen aldatzen dira ikerketen artean. MOO eta metabolikoki osasuntsuak ez diren obesoen (MOEO) artean hainbat ezberdintasun fisiologiko, funtzional eta patologiko identifikatu dira: MOOek, adibidez, intsulinarekiko sentikortasunari eusten diote, eta ez dute ez hipertentsiorik ez dislipemiarik pairatzen. Gainera, MOOak 2 motako diabetesaren, gaixotasun kardiobaskularren eta beste heriotza-kausen aurrean babestuta daudela ikusi izan da. Ezberdintasun horien erantzuleetako batzuk MOOen eta MOEOen artean ezberdina den erraietako gantzaren metaketa eta gantz-ehunaren disfuntzioa direla proposatu da. Ondorioz, gorputz-masaren indizea komorbilitateen eraginez agertuko diren konplikazioen larritasunarekin zuzenki erlazionatuta egon arren, gantz-metaketaren kokalekuak eta gantz-ehunaren disfuntzioak erlazio zuzenagoa dute obesitatearekin batera etorri ohi diren komorbilitateen garapenarekin.
Az e-business-modellek második generációjának mozgatórugói és jellemzői - a web 2.0 nemzetközi és néhány magyarországi példája
Authors: Nemeslaki András , Szutorisz Gábor , Szabó Balázs , Orbán Zsolt
Published: March 2021

Napjaink átlagos internetezője nemigen hasonlít tíz évvel ezelőtti önmagára. A széles sávú vezetékes és vezeték nélküli kapcsolatoknak is köszönhetően az internetezők on-line preferenciái és szokásai alapvetően változtak meg. Az amerikai Time magazin 2006-ban nem véletlenül ítélte Az év embere díjat azon internetezők millióinak, akik nem pusztán fogyasztják az on-line tartalmat, hanem annak alakításában és előállításában aktívan részt vesznek. A szerzők cikkükben sorra veszik a második generációs internetes üzleti modellek jellemzőit, és a dinamikusan fejlődő magyar piac néhány példáját is bemutatják.
A magyar webes piac technológiai architektúrái
Authors: Füleki Dániel , Theiss-Balázs Zsolt , Balkányi Péter , Pocsarovszky Károly
Published: March 2021

A magyar világháló „szürke eminenciásai” a webes ügynökségek, amelyek megbízóik számára professzionális tartalmakat, általában megjelenést építenek fel. E piaci szegmens néhány ismertebb képviselője a Kirowski, a Carnation, az Arcus (egykori Mirai), az Euroweb, a BigFish, a ProWeb, illetve néhány más, hasonló kaliberű on-line vállalkozás. Bátran állíthatjuk, hogy az elmúlt tíz évben Magyarország egyik húzó iparágává váltak, de ehhez képest igen keveset ismerünk működési modelljeikről, iparáguk struktúrájáról és a webes modellek alkalmazói számára nyújtott szolgáltatásspektrumról. A szerzők kutatásának célja olyan úttörő munka elvégzése volt, amely először tárja fel a hazai webes szolgáltatók értékláncmodelljét, illetve piaci befolyásukat. Emellett megvizsgálták a szektor szereplőinek egymáshoz és a különböző internetes technológiákhoz való viszonyát, feltérképezték a legjelentősebb technológiai lekötések helyzetképét is.
Editorial
Authors: Elias Wagner de Melo
Published: March 2021

Editorial
Educação e Humanidade - rastros éticos e politicas do projeto filosofico moderno
Authors: Ratto Cleber Gibbon , Henning Paula Correa
Published: March 2021

Esse texto é o resultado de uma discussão sobre as atuais politicas de controle social coincidentes com a critica dos fundamentos modernos da educação.
Hegel interpreta a Sófocles
Authors: Fernandez Alicia Gárcia
Published: March 2021

Dos opiciones son possibles a la hora de abordar el estudio de los textos clasicos de la antiguedad: una es la interpretacíon literal del texto, otra és la interpretacíon alegórica.
NAVIA, RICARDO. Richard Rorty: emplazamiento a la tradición filosófica. Montevidéu, Universidade de la República, 2008, 256 p. (Coleção Carlos Vaz Ferreira).
Authors: Borges Bento Itamar
Published: March 2021

NAVIA, RICARDO. Richard Rorty: emplazamiento a la tradición filosófica. Montevidéu, Universidade de la República, 2008, 256 p. (Coleção Carlos Vaz Ferreira).
PERCEPÇÃO E CONHECIMENTO NA APRENDIZAGEM INFANTIL A PARTIR DE ESCRITOS DE BENJAMIN
Authors: Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: March 2021

Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão sobre alguns escritos de Walter Benjamin sobre mímesis e educação. Benjamin coloca em questão a educação burguesa e suas práticas e reflete sobre a visão da criança, distinta da experiência do adulto. O objetivo é acentuar como a criança realiza seu conhecimento do mundo com o exercício permanente da imaginação, da fantasia e da sensibilidade. Ao brincar a criança reorganiza o mundo e se identifica com ele. A criança não imita o mundo do adulto, mas inventa seu mundo quando brinca. A percepção infantil enquanto um processo de descoberta do mundo tem um aspecto revolucionário se considerada na educação das massas. Benjamin sugere uma pedagogia que não adapte às exigências do mundo adulto, mas que garanta para a criança a realização de sua infância.
CICILINI, Graça A.; BARAÃ™NA, Silvana Malusa (Org). Formação docente: saberes e práticas pedagógicas.Uberlândia: Edufu, 2006.
Authors: Machado Liliane Campos
Published: March 2021

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