bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh physical evidence, harga dan produk terhadap kepuasan serta dampaknya terhadap loyalitas pelanggan hypermarket
Authors: Jacobus Vanessa
Published: March 2020

The goal of this research was to analyze the effect of physical evidence, price and products on loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable of Hypermarket A and B in East Jakarta region. The population on this research were all the people who lived in East Jakarta and Bekasi which eased the researcher to find consumers from both Hypermarkets. Sampling method was using convenience sampling technique with the calculation of sampling using Slovin formula so it obtained at least 100 samples. The source of this research was a primary and secondary source. A primary source was collected by fill the questionnaires by respondents and literature studies as a second source. The method for analysis was the classic assumption test and partial t-test. The result of the hypothesis shows that; price and product were positively impacted on customer satisfaction and so do the satisfaction on customer loyalty.
Analysing the Attitudes of Qatari People toward Oral Health Instructions
Authors: NA Alyafei
Published: March 2020

Background: Oral health instructions refer to the dental hygiene and care instructions that are devised by the dental health practitioners to the people that prevent them from periodontal diseases. Majority of the Qatari people need healthy, painless teeth, and are willing to seek information and professional help from the dentists/ oral hygienists.

Objectives: To analyse the attitudes of Qatari people towards oral hygiene instructions.

Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 859 Qatari adults, aged between 18 and 72 years to analyse their attitudes towards oral health instructions. The data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Chi-square test and analysis of residual test. The quantitative research design is based on the data collection method carried out at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) where participants were recruited who was receiving dental appointments, as well as public and private dental clinics.

Results: Findings of the study identified that Qatari people above 27 years of age, received formal education more than High school are more likely to show positive response on the instructions given by dentists or oral hygienists. It could be concluded that Qatari people need formal education and knowledge regarding the importance of oral health instructions so that they could follow the instructions for sufficient oral health and hygiene. Starting with formal education from Kindergarten will increase the knowledge of the important of oral health that will led to increase the attitudes toward oral hygiene instructions.
Age and architecture of the largest African Baobabs from Mayotte, France
Authors: Patrut Adrian , Patrut Roxana , Rakosy Laszlo , von Reden Karl
Published: March 2020

The volcanic Comoro Islands, located in the Indian Ocean in between mainland Africa and Madagascar, host several thousand African baobabs (Adansonia digitata). Most of them are found in Mayotte, which currently belongs to France, as an overseas department. We report the investigation of the largest two baobabs of Mayotte, the Big baobab of Musical Plage and the largest baobab of Plage N’Gouja. The Big baobab of Musical Plage exhibits a cluster structure and consists of 5 fused stems, out of which 4 are common stems and one is a false stem. The baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an open ring-shaped structure and consists of 7 partially fused stems, out of which 3 stems are large and old, while 4 are young. Several wood samples were collected from both baobabs and analyzed via radiocarbon dating. The oldest dated sample from the baobab of Musical Plage has a radiocarbon date of 275 ± 25 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated calendar age of 365 ± 15 yr. On its turn, the oldest sample from Plage N’Gouja has a radiocarbon date of 231 ± 20 BP, which translates into a calibrated age of 265 ± 15 yr. These results indicate that the Big baobab of Musical Plage is around 420 years old, while the baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an age close to 330 years. In present, both baobabs are in a general state of deterioration with many broken or damaged branches, and the Baobab of Plage N’Gouja has several missing stems. These observations suggest that the two baobabs are in decline and, most likely, close to the end of their life cycle.
A comparison between indirect ELISA and tuberculin skin test in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in Kenya
Authors: Muasya Daniel , Gitau George Karuoya , Andrew Thaiyah Gitau , Gakuya Daniel Waweru , Vanleeuwen John , Mbatha Peter
Published: March 2020

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important zoonotic disease which has remained persistent in many areas of the World. Control and eradication has proved problematic due to the challenges in effective screening and diagnosis. Limited information on the status of BTB in Kenya presents a need to investigate its occurrence in cattle population. The study was carried out using an indirect antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA-IDEXX-USA) to assess the agreement with Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) test results between August and December 2013 in Laikipia County. The study also determined the apparent prevalence of cattle BTB antibodies in Laikipia County. A total of 276 bovine serum samples were tested using MPB70 and MPB83 recombinant proteins as capture antigens in the ELISA kit. Data were recorded in Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS 16.0 for analysis. Apparent prevalence was calculated as a proportion at 95% CI, Kappa statistics computed, and test of significance assessed by Chi-square and Fisher exact test.  The results showed an individual animal apparent prevalence of 3.9% (11/276) and a herd prevalence of 58.3% (7/12). There was no significant association between BTB infection and both animal level factors, breed and sex. Kappa agreement test between ELISA test and TST showed a good agreement at K= 0.65. This study reported the prevalence of BTB in cattle for the first time in Laikipia County Kenya using the IDEXX ELISA. The ELISA test was comparable to the tuberculin test which is used as the gold standard for screening TB on live animals. The two tests can be used alongside for series or parallel interpretation to achieve desirable diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in disease control programs.
The biological integrity of streams and channels draining into the Rwizi River system in Western Uganda
Authors: Atwebembeire Jeninah , Andama Morgan , Bazira Joel , Lejju Julius Bunny , Tumusiime Julius , Wangalwa Rapheal , Yatuha Jane
Published: March 2020

Rwizi River, often called the life-line river, supports over five million people in Western Uganda and is a major contributor of freshwater to Lake Victoria. Surrounded by a large and rapidly growing population, the river has suffered anthropogenic disturbances whose impact on the integrity of the system is a subject of concern. Aquatic macroinvertebrates, used globally to monitor both short- and long-term environmental conditions, were thus used to assess the biological integrity of streams and channels draining into the river system. Macroinvertebrates were sampled for six months in 2017 encompassing the wet and dry seasons using the kick net sampling method. The macroinvertebrates were identified morphologically using peer reviewed identification keys and their pollution sensitivity scored using the Tanzanian River Scoring System (TARISS). The Shannon diversity index was computed per site and related to average score per taxon (ASPT). We collected a total of 5442 macroinvertebrates belonging to 54 families dominated by Chironomidae (29.1%). Macroinvertebrate diversity increased with ASPT (r = 0.57; N = 131; P = 0.000). The water quality was generally poor and was not affected by the season (t = 1.03; df = 64; P = 0.303) though sites had different water quality (F = 11.32; df = 20; P = 0.000) attributed the degree of anthropogenic disturbance. We concluded that river Rwizi system is highly degraded and thus recommend restoration of the entire catchment. Aquatic macroinvertebrates are good indicators of long-term conditions but less sensitive to short-term changes. Multiple approaches, biological and chemical, are encouraged during the restoration process.
Optimizing irrigation and determining the most sensitive development stage to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Romdhane Leila , Dal Ferro Nicola , Slama Amor , Radhouane Leila
Published: March 2020

Rising temperatures and increasing water scarcity, which are already important issues, are expected to intensify in the near future due to global warming. Optimizing irrigation in agriculture is a challenge. Understanding the response of crop development stages to water deficit stress provides an opportunity for optimizing irrigation. Here we studied the response of two barley varieties (Rihane, Martin), to water deficit stress at three development stages (tillering, stem elongation, and heading) by measuring water status and grain yield components in a field experiment in Tunisia. The three stages were selected due to their importance in crop growth and grain development. Water deficit stress was initiated by withholding water for 21 days at the three stages with subsequent re-watering. Water deficit led to a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. In both varieties, heading was the stage most sensitive to water deficit. Leaf water potential measurements indicated that water deficit stress was more severe during heading, which to some extent may have influenced the comparison between growth stages. During heading, the number of ears per plant and weight of a thousand grains were reduced by more than 70% and 50%, respectively compared with stress at tillering. Comparison of yield components showed differences between the two barley varieties only when the water deficit was produced during the tillering stage.
Los anfibios como modelo experimental de unidimensionalidad de estímulos apetitivos y aversivos en el aprendizaje asociativo
Authors: Muzio Rubén N. , Puddington Martín M.
Published: March 2020

En el condicionamiento clásico, un animal es expuesto a un estímulo neutro (estímulo condicionado) seguido de un estímulo apetitivo o aversivo (estímulo incondicionado). Con sucesivas repeticiones de esta asociación, el animal responderá frente al estímulo neutro como si se tratara del estímulo incondicionado. Este fenómeno ha sido ampliamente explorado en distintas clases zoológicas, abarcando especies animales que van desde moluscos hasta humanos. En la mayoría de los casos, los estímulos incondicionados apetitivos y aversivos corresponden a vías sensoriales diferentes. Por ejemplo, el estímulo apetitivo típicamente utilizado es la comida y el estímulo aversivo típico es la descarga eléctrica. Así un tipo de estímulo excitará mayormente los receptores relacionados con el sentido del gusto, mientras que el otro tipo lo hará mayormente sobre las vías táctiles y nociceptivas. Los estudios en anfibios, en particular el sapo terrestre, reproducen en buena medida los hallazgos en otras especies animales, pero tienen características que los hacen únicos al poseer receptores a electrolitos en su piel que intervienen en la regulación del balance hidrosalino de su cuerpo. Un sapo expuesto a una solución salina levemente hipertónica (concentración menor a 250 mM de NaCl), gana peso y exhibe conductas de aproximación. En tanto que si toma contacto con una solución salina altamente hipertónica (concentración superior a 400 mM de NaCl), pierde peso y exhibe conductas de escape. De esta forma, un mismo estímulo (una solución salina de NaCl), puede actuar como estímulo apetitivo o aversivo dependiendo de su concentración. Esta particularidad ha sido denominada unidimensionalidad de los estímulos motivacionales. En el presente trabajo se revisan los resultados de estudios de aprendizaje asociativo en sapos, resaltando el uso de este modelo experimental para el estudio de los posibles mecanismos neurales implicados en el procesamiento de señales ambientales apetitivas y aversivas.
Discriminación condicional de orientación espacial en la propia conducta de ratas Wistar adultas y jóvenes
Authors: Rozo Jairo A. , Pérez-Acosta Andrés M. , Posada José Luis , Ruiz Narváez Guillermo , Bustos Marín Leidy Tatiana , Gaitán Torres Jaime Enrique
Published: March 2020

La autodiscriminación condicional es la capacidad aprendida que han demostrado los animales para discriminar aspectos propios como la conducta, los estados internos o la propia imagen. Este concepto corresponde a la versión conductista de la autoconciencia -darse cuenta de sí mismo-. El presente estudio pretendió explorar experimentalmente la relación entre la edad y la capacidad de adquisición de la autodiscriminación condicional. Se desarrolló para tal fin, un paradigma experimental de igualación a la muestra para estudiar la discriminación condicional de la orientación espacial de la propia conducta en ratas, en un laberinto en “Y” simétrico que permite controlar claves externas de orientación espacial, además de lograr secuencias de ensayos seguidos sin intervención del experimentador. Se efectuó un primer estudio piloto con ocho sujetos adultos de la cepa Wistar (19 a 32 semanas de edad durante el estudio) y, posteriormente, se efectuó el estudio experimental con los cuatro sujetos jóvenes (7 a 23 semanas de edad durante el estudio). El índice de discriminación requerido para demostrar la adquisición fue de 0,8 en al menos un ensayo. En el estudio piloto, seis de ocho sujetos adultos lograron el criterio requerido, mientras que, en el grupo experimental, tres de cuatro sujetos jóvenes alcanzaron el criterio. Si bien ambos grupos mostraron una tendencia de adquisición de la autodiscriminación condicional, los ritmos de adquisición fueron distintos según la edad, coherentemente con la hipótesis de U invertida de la ontogenia del aprendizaje, es decir: los sujetos más jóvenes aprenden más lentamente que los adultos. Para corroborar la hipótesis mencionada, se requiere un estudio adicional con sujetos viejos, que completen el ciclo vital. Nuestros hallazgos ontogenéticos complementan estudios comparados de la autoconciencia animal, que dan pistas sobre la filogenia de este proceso.
La integración de memorias en niños preescolares a partir de un modelo de forrajeo
Authors: Strempler-Rubio Eneida , Alvarado Angélica , Vila Javier
Published: March 2020

La Regla de Ponderación Temporal (RPT) es un modelo de forrajeo que hace predicciones acerca de la integración y comparación de memorias a largo plazo. Las predicciones de este modelo han sido demostradas en animales y humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue replicar y ampliar las predicciones de la RPT en niños empleando una tarea virtual y figuras interactivas de busca-encuentra. Niños preescolares buscaron dos consecuencias con dos magnitudes en dos contenedores: A y B, en tres condiciones experimentales (AB). Finalmente, en una prueba elegían entre A y B después de 24h (AB 24h) o inmediatamente después del entrenamiento (AB 0h). De acuerdo a la condición los niños podían obtener mayor (A>B), menor (A<B) o igual (A=B) magnitud de cada consecuencia en la primera o en la segunda experiencia del entrenamiento. Los resultados mostraron que los niños realizaron su elección con base en el tiempo transcurrido, mostrando un promedio dinámico de ambas fases que mostro una preferencia por la opción de mayor beneficio. Los resultados sugieren que la RPT es un modelo que permite describir y predecir la integración de memorias espacial y temporal, en animales y humanos.
Contexto en psicología cognitiva del razonamiento
Authors: García Campos Jonatan , Sarabia López Saúl
Published: March 2020

El trabajo que presentamos tiene como objetivo clarificar qué es un contexto en la psicología cognitiva del razonamiento. A pesar de que el término contexto se encuentra en la literatura de distintos psicólogos cognitivos, argumentaremos que no existe un análisis claro de qué se debe entender por ese término. Defenderemos que la noción de contexto hace referencia a distintas ideas, esto es, al contenido, al formato, a la perspectiva, a la naturaleza de los contenidos lógicos y al ambiente de los problemas. Sugeriremos que si bien estas ideas pueden tener traslapes, es poco claro que contenido, formato, perspectiva, naturaleza de los contenidos lógicos y ambiente sean nociones equivalentes. Hacer estas distinciones, argumentaremos, no sólo puede ayudar a entender qué significa un contexto, sino además puede ayudar a comprender de mejor manera los debates en torno a cómo es que los seres humanos razonamos o cómo debemos razonar.
Ciencias de la complejidad y pensamiento complejo en psicoterapia. Una revisión
Authors: Sanabria-González Jorge Armando
Published: March 2020

El paradigma epistemológico basado en el reduccionismo y el determinismo está en un momento de quiebre, provocado entre otras cosas, por el paradigma de la complejidad. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es identificar las contribuciones y/o cooperaciones que las ciencias de la complejidad (CC) y el pensamiento complejo (PC) realizan a la psicoterapia (PSIT), y establecer los avances significativos, controversias y vías de investigación. Se realiza una investigación descriptiva basada en una revisión bibliográfica especializada sobre las relaciones entre tres categorías nucleares: CC, PC, y PSIT. El tamaño final de la muestra fue de 18 documentos de los 46 que arrojó la búsqueda inicial. Se discuten los posibles peligros en la investigación entre complejidad y PSIT, a saber: la hiper-instrumentalización y la superficialidad, señalando los desafíos que el psicoterapeuta debe asumir para trabajar desde y hacia la complejidad. Se identifican los tipos de aportaciones que hace la complejidad a la PSIT y se agrupan en cinco vértices: técnico, pedagógico, conceptual, terapéutico y epistémico. A partir de ellos se concluye que las CC y el PC problematizan, amplían y profundizan el horizonte científico y ético de la psicoterapia, en esa misma dirección la epistemología compleja se configura en marco de referencia teórico para enseñar/aprender y pensar/investigar PSITs críticas y para realizar procesos de integración entre diferentes modelos psicoterapéuticos.
Tutela Judicial efectiva versus Conciliación como requisito de procedibilidad en procesos de alimentos de niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Bernal Bueno Ana , Correa Corredor Marien
Published: March 2020

La protección prevalente de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes, está a cargo de la familia, la sociedad y el Estado; siendo este último el responsable de establecer mecanismos para hacerlos efectivos. En esa línea argumentativa, se preguntó si exigir la conciliación previa en procesos de alimentos, al tenor de la Ley 640 de 2001, vulnera el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva de esa población. Para responder, se entrevistaron varios conciliadores en el municipio de Bucaramanga, cuyo resultado mostró la problemática frente al reconocimiento de los derechos alimentarios. Debe resaltarse que, el tiempo objeto de observación inicialmente previsto en el proyecto, se redujo porque no todas las instituciones conservan datos de la década pasada. Así que, la información obtenida emana del trabajo de tres egresados no graduados del programa de Derecho de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, quienes fungieron como auxiliares de investigación.
La contratación estatal y el posacuerdo en Colombia: Un análisis a los contratos Plan para la Paz
Authors: Alfonso Rosero Erika Patricia
Published: March 2020

La figura de los Contratos Plan de origen francés, se convierte en una tipología contractual de especial importancia en el contexto de los Acuerdos de Paz y su proceso de implementación en Colombia; dado que constituyen un mecanismo de contratación pública que posibilita la articulación interinstitucional para el desarrollo territorial, la participación de las comunidades y las entidades territoriales, convirtiéndose en un facilitador para la descentralización política y económica del país. Así pues, los Contratos Plan en su versión Contratos Plan para la Paz, esperan hacer posible la reconstrucción política, económica, productiva e infraestructural de los territorios más afectados por el conflicto, así como la potencialización de sus particularidades.

En ese orden de ideas, este estudio pretende, analizar los fundamentos y operatividad de los Contratos plan para la paz en Colombia, como mecanismos de contratación pública en el marco del posacuerdo. La investigación, responde a un diseño cualitativo con enfoque exploratorio, que ofrece una sólida reflexión en la cual se demuestra como los ´Contratos plan para la paz´, son vehículos de importantes recursos con destino al territorio, permitiendo, por una parte, un nuevo relacionamiento entre entidades territoriales y el gobierno nacional, y por otra, su descentralización territorial, acompañada del desarrollo regional desde la participación e incorporación.
Japan–Indonesia intercultural exchange in a Facebook Group
Authors: Bray Eric , Iswanti Septina Nur
Published: March 2020

Facebook has become a worldwide phenomenon and is currently the most popular social networking service by worldwide active users. Being so widely used, its potential for use in intercultural exchanges is promising. However, as yet there is little discussion of how Facebook can best be used in an intercultural exchange. A valuable feature of Facebook is the ability to create a Facebook Group where instructors have control of membership, and where activities designed to encourage language learning and greater cultural awareness can be implemented. This paper will describe and evaluate an intercultural exchange between university students in Japan and Indonesia that took place during 2011. The exchange was found to be beneficial because students were able to learn about another culture while improving their English.

フェイスブックはすでに世界的に認知されており、現在のところ、世界中で実際に使用されるソーシャル・ネットワーク・サービス(SNS)としては、最もよく利用されている。このように広く使用されていることを考えれば、それを異文化間交流に利用できることは明らである。しかし、どうすれば最も効果的にフェイスブックを異文化間交流に利用できるかと言う議論は、まだほとんどなされていない。フェイスブックの有益な特徴は、フェイスブックグループを作って指導者がその参加者を管理できること、そして、言語学習の助けとなり、さらなる文化の気づきを促すようなアクティビティの設定が可能なことである。本論では、2011年に行った日本とインドネシアの大学生同士の異文化間交流について、解説と評価を行う。学生たちは交流を通して自らの英語能力を高め、相手の文化について学ぶことができたことから、この交流は評価できると考える。
Non-native speaker teachers of English: Challenges and prospects – An interview with George Braine
Authors: Sung Chit Cheung Matthew
Published: March 2020

Issues surrounding non-native speakers of English have been gaining a great deal of attention over the last decade in the field of ELT. In this interview, Georg Braine, a leading expert in this area of research, talks about the development of the Nonnative Speaker (NNS) Movement, the challenges that NNS teachers face, and the prospects that hold for NNS teachers. With over 40 years of experience in ELT, he is best known as the founder of the NNS Movement and the founding Chair of the Nonnative Speakers Caucus in the TESOL organization. His website can be found: .

ELT分野ではここ10年ほど、英語の非母語話者(NNS)に関する議論が大きな注目を集めている。インタビューでは、この研究分野の第一人者であるGeorg Braineが、非母語話者運動(NNS Movement)の発展、NNS教師が直面する課題や将来への展望について語る。氏はELT分野で40年以上の経験を持ち、TESOL学会のNNS Movementの創始者で、非母語話者部会(Nonnative Speakers Caucus)の創設会長としてよく知られて
Using the L1 in the L2 classroom: The students speak
Authors: Carson Eleanor , Kashihara Hidenori
Published: March 2020

The goal of this study was to elucidate how students’ preferences regarding their first language use (L1, or Japanese) in the second language (L2, or English) class varied with proficiency. Participants were 305 first- and second-year students in English-language courses in International Studies and Information Technology departments in a Japanese university. Research questions: 1) Did desires for L1 support vary with proficiency (“Proficiency Effect”); did proficiency levels influence when L1 support was 2) desirable; and 3) undesirable? Participants selected yes/no or multiple choice answers in an anonymous questionnaire. Agreement percentages, classified by participants’ scores on the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) into five proficiency levels, were analysed using Excel. Results revealed two Proficiency Effect patterns, influencing when L1 support was most and least desired in varying classroom situations. Participants preferred more instructive than affective L1 support. Recommendations for educators and future research were suggested.

本論の目的は、第2言語（L2または英語）授業における第1言語（L1または日本語）使用に関して、学生のL2習熟度に応じて、学生の希望がどのように変化するかを把握することにある。本研究は、日本の大学で国際学部および情報科学部に在籍する、1・2年生305名を被験者として行った。リサーチ・クエスチョンは、以下の通りである:(1)L1サポートに対する希望の強さは、学生の習熟度に応じて変化するのか(「習熟度効果」の有無)、(2)・(3) 学生の習熟度レベルは、どういった状況でL1サポートが望ましいのか、または望ましくないのかを左右するのか。前述の学生は、無記名方式のアンケートにおいて、「はい/いいえ」を選択、または多岐選択方式で回答した。質問に同意した学生の割合を、学生のTOEICスコアに応じて5段階の習熟度に振分け、Excelを用いて分析した。調査結果は、2通りの習熟度効果の存在を示唆した。これらの効果は、英語授業における様々な状況で、L1サポートが最大限および最小限に必要とされるか否かに影響を及ぼしていた。情意のL1サポートと教室内の指示に関するL1サポートを比べた場合、本論の被験者は後者に関してより多くのL1サポートを希望していた。英語教育者向けにいくつかの提言を行い、今後の研究計画についても言及した。
Visible-light-induced addition of carboxymethanide to styrene from monochloroacetic acid
Authors: van Vliet Kaj M , van Leeuwen Nicole S , Brouwer Albert M , de Bruin Bas
Published: March 2020

Where monochloroacetic acid is widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of relevant groups of compounds, many of these synthetic procedures are based on nucleophilic substitution of the carbon chlorine bond. Oxidative or reductive activation of monochloroacetic acid results in radical intermediates, leading to reactivity different from the traditional reactivity of this compound. Here, we investigated the possibility of applying monochloroacetic acid as a substrate for photoredox catalysis with styrene to directly produce γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone. Instead of using nucleophilic substitution, we cleaved the carbon chlorine bond by single-electron reduction, creating a radical species. We observed that the reaction works best in nonpolar solvents. The reaction does not go to full conversion, but selectively forms γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone and 4-chloro-4-phenylbutanoic acid. Over time the catalyst precipitates from solution (perhaps in a decomposed form in case of fac-[Ir(ppy)3]), which was proven by mass spectrometry and EPR spectroscopy for one of the catalysts (N,N-5,10-di(2-naphthalene)-5,10-dihydrophenazine) used in this work. The generation of HCl resulting from lactone formation could be an additional problem for organometallic photoredox catalysts used in this reaction. In an attempt to trap one of the radical intermediates with TEMPO, we observed a compound indicating the generation of a chloromethyl radical.
Simplification of access to systems of financing innovation enterprise
Authors: Vnukova N.
Published: March 2020

Problem setting. The development of innovative entrepreneurship is a strategic task of the state’s financial and economic policy. The high NBU discount rate and other risks slow the pace of this growth and limit the proper financial support for innovative entrepreneurship.

Analysis of resent researches and publications. The problems of financial support of entrepreneurship was devoted to the work of O.O. Drugov, R. Pukala, materials of the Round Table “Economic and legal problems of development and promotion of economic activity in modern conditions”, etc.

Target of research. To facilitate access to finance, global practice demonstrates the importance of applying national and regional programs related to either the direct financing of individual business projects or the creation of favorable conditions for attracting funding.

Article’s main body. Examples of world practice for introducing programs to facilitate access to innovation entrepreneurship was considered. According to the statistical reporting, the sources of financing of scientific development by sectors of economic activity was identified, the use of entrepreneurs’ funds is analyzed, the priority of Kharkiv region in implementation of programs of support of innovation implementation was established.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. The programmatic approach used to develop innovative entrepreneurship at the local level is an important component of these transformations, but needs to be expanded through funding, in particular through venture funds and other startup startups with international donors. The intrinsic features of small business entities require government support for innovation, which should be facilitated through access to funding from a variety of sources. When expanding the use of regional assistance programs, their methodology should be changed to enhance the capacity to develop innovative entrepreneurship.
Legal regulation of state financial control in the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX century – the beginning of the XX century
Authors: Pohodzilo Yu.
Published: March 2020

Problem setting. At present, the Institute of Public Financial Control is one of the main mechanisms for implementing financial and legal policy in Ukraine. At the same time, many questions regarding the legal and organizational support of the Institute, both in theory and in practice, have not yet been finally resolved and need further improvement. Since the 90’s of the twentieth century. Ukraine has started the transition to market relations. Financial and control bodies began to emerge, which appeared most often spontaneously in the state mechanism and were not brought into a single system, which was facilitated by the imperfect legal system. Therefore, it is no coincidence that their work today lacks proper coordination and coherence, and there is a clear and hidden duplication of functions, which leads to numerous abuses in the sphere of financial activity.

Analysis of recent researches. Issues related to the formation and development of public financial control in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century – beginning of the twentieth century, нave been the subject of scientific research of such scientists as: I.I. Blech, I.S. Blich, F.I. Bochkovsky, V.O. Tatarinov and others.

Article’s main body. Pre-revolutionary historiography is rich in studies that have covered various aspects of financial policy, analyzed issues of budget, credit, taxation, including public financial control. In the pre-revolutionary period, neither the law nor the scientific literature used the term “state financial control”; instead, it used the term “state control”, which meant the procedure for verifying the execution of a decision made by anybody, or for the purpose of verification, and also the institution that conducted the audit. In the history of the Russian Empire in the 1960s, it was a time of transition to a new economic formation, the beginning of civil society formation and the transformation of state-legal institutions. This transition has undergone a number of transformations, including financial control reform, which has been of great importance for the development of the institution of public financial control.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. From the 60’s of the XIX century and up to the end of the century in the Russian Empire observed: improvement of the legal framework of the system of state financial control; strengthening the position of the State Control as an independent body of financial control in the state mechanism; trend of decentralization of state financial control, development of previous financial control; putting in place the elements of publicity in the activities of financial control bodies.
National legislation of foreign countries in the field of age discrimination
Authors: Kalmykova O.
Published: March 2020

Problem setting. According to some scholars, age discrimination creates less tension in society, but is more common than other forms of discrimination. This approach is increasingly gaining public awareness in countries where anti-age discrimination has already begun. According to studies conducted on the territory of the European Union, in 2002, 35% of the surveyed citizens of EU Member States acknowledged the widespread age discrimination in their countries, and in 2007, 46% said yes. It is extremely telling that in a 2002 survey of 16,000 EU citizens from 15 Member States, representatives of the 15-24 age group were five times more likely than those aged 65 and over. noted age discrimination in the workplace and access to services.

Analysis of scientific research. It is significant that public procurement has been the subject of scientific research by experts in international law: M. Buromenskyi, O. Vasylchenko, O. Vashanova, M. Hnatovsky, D. Gudim, N. Dremina- Volok, B. Nedelek, N. Onishchenko, S. Pogrebnyak, P. Rabinovich, S. Rabinovich, A. Sultanov, O. Uvarova, G. Hristova, S. Shevchuk.

The purpose of this scientific article is to study the international standards for combating age discrimination, to study the experience of foreign countries in this field, as well as international acts dedicated to this issue.

Article’s main body. In today’s context, equality and anti-discrimination issues are turning into one of the key areas of human rights protection. The prohibition of age discrimination as well as health, disability and sexual orientation is seen as a second generation of equal rights. As a result, the fight against age discrimination is not yet a priority in the development of international legal and national equality instruments. It is still regarded as a new are aof anti-discrimination, although it has received increasing attention lately.

This form of discrimination is less apparent than other forms of discrimination, since the physical and mental capacity of the individual may change over time, and not all age-related differences in treatment may be regarded as prohibited discrimination, particularly in the field of employment.

Conclusions and prospects for development. The eradication of age discrimination cannot be achieved solely by ensuring equal treatment of persons, regardless of age. Addressing this requires changing the priorities of youth policy and senior representatives, developing minimum standards of service or individual products for different age groups, monitoring service delivery, and conducting regular consultations with community organizations that represent their interests. Serious attention should also be paid to raising the legal literacy of the population, in particular through the preparation and distribution of social advertising, thematic publications and programs in the media.
Legal regulation of legal relations in the field of land accounting
Authors: Kondratenko D.
Published: March 2020

Problem setting. The article analyzes the issue of legal relations in the field of land accounting. The legal nature of public relations in this area has been clarified. The accounting of the quantity and quality of land is investigated. The author’s definition of legal relations in the field of land accounting is provided. The circle of subjects of these legal relations is outlined.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. To date, in the scientific literature there is no comprehensive study of the legal regulation of legal relations in the field of land accounting. There are only developments devoted to certain issues of land law science.

Target of research. The study of the legal regulation of legal relations arising in the field of land accounting, the allocation of subjects of these legal relations.

Article’s main body Justification of the appropriateness of obtaining, systematizing all the resources available on the land plot, determining the size, quality status and distribution of the land fund, providing the necessary data about the land, studying the legal relations arising on this occasion.

The basis of the land registration and registration system in Ukraine is the State Land Cadastre. It reflects the subjective information on land, which accumulates as a result of land accounting. Such information is necessary primarily for the implementation of state control over the use, reproduction and protection of land. Only a legally regulated and wellmaintained process of conducting accounting and registration activities in the field of land relations can become the key to the introduction and functioning of a transparent mechanism for the circulation of land in market conditions and an effective mechanism for managing them. In this aspect, it is important to note that it is necessary to distinguish land accounting in the proper sense and land rights accounting (as a broader category compared to the first). In the context of the land registration reform and the further process of improving the State Land Cadastre, it is necessary to talk about the formation of land information relations.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. Land accounting relationships are public relations that arise in connection with the activities of public authorities and local governments, which are endowed with appropriate powers to take measures to obtain, systematize and analyze information on the quantity, territorial location and use of land.

The subjects of these legal relationships are landowners and land users, the state, state authorities and local selfgovernments, who are vested with the respective powers.
IVAN STESHENKO'S CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Soyko Inna
Published: March 2020

This article deals with Steshenko's practical activity as General Secretary of Education. In developing the concept of the Ukrainian school, I. Steshenko took into account the state of education and those priority tasks that were put on the agenda by the advanced Ukrainian community, educational and student groups. The researcher notes that during the development of the concept of the Ukrainian school, I. Steşhenko took into account the state of education and those priority tasks that were put on the agenda by the advanced Ukrainian community, educational and student groups, the immediate Ukrainianization of education, the creation, especially in villages, of the Ukrainian Ukrainian schools of all types, about the earliest possible introduction of compulsory general education, the release of Ukrainian-Ukrainian teachers from the military service. In accordance with the educational developments of I.Stešenko, supported by the pedagogical community and the government, already in the 1917–1918 academic year, obligatory subjects were introduced in all schools – Ukrainian language and literature, history and geography of Ukraine. According to the results of the research, the author notes that in all schools the study of subjects of Ukrainian studies in the Ukrainian language was introduced and concurrently there should be organized circles for extracurricular study of literature and history of Ukraine, and the libraries of Ukrainian literature were created. Taking into account the influence of the theater on the consciousness of youth, it was proposed to arrange Ukrainian performances regularly at schools, involving students, to hold literary and musical evenings devoted to Ukrainian writers. According to the results of the research, the scholar presents factual materials on the contribution of I. Stešenko to the development of educational institutions. With the participation of I. Steshenko in September 1917, the Ukrainian Gymnasium of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood was opened. In the autumn of 1917, 53 secondary schools were opened by the population, including 3 Ukrainian high schools in Kyiv. These were new educational institutions, as the resistance of the Ukrainianization of existing schools on the ground was so significant that it was easier to organize a new one. In October 1917, the Ukrainian People's University, which consisted of historic-philological, physical-mathematical and legal faculties, was opened in Kiev to meet the needs of the Ukrainian people in higher education in Kyiv. The total number of students is 1,400. In November of the same year, the second higher educational institution - Pedagogical Courses was established, which later grew into the Pedagogical Academy. The new secondary school in Ukraine appearead in Ukraine thanks to his activity. The school of that period survied different intentnces cjnnectet with hetman's rule of Seoropatskiy and Rada of Peoples Commissars and in spite of hard political period, thanks to I. M. Steshenko the school of Ukraine passed the period of formation.
MODERN CHALLENGES AND TRADITIONS IN STUDENTS' UPBRINGING AND EDUCATION IN THE HERITAGE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE TOWN OF KREMENETS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Skakalska Iryna
Published: March 2020

The history of the school is rich in unusual examples of education and upbringing, so the best practices or elements of them can be used in the present. The author, on the basis of archival materials, highlights the peculiarities of the functioning of educational institutions in Krementz in the 1920–1930 s. The article presents the results of the study on the peculiarities of the educational activities of the Kremenets high schools at the beginning of the 20th century. through the prism of modern changes in the modernization of education. The functioning of the gymnasium Kremenets is traced; their role in shaping the intellectuals of the region is determined; The components that influenced the quality of studying in high schools and which can be used by modern educators are singled out. The study of the Kremenets Gymnasium in the first half of the 20th century, on the one hand, allows us to consider the peculiarities of the development of secondary schools, on the other hand, provides a key to understanding in what conditions the formation of the intellectuals of the region took place. An analysis of the history of the activity of gymnasiums of different types will allow us to use the lessons of the past in present realities, with further changes in the national education system. On the basis of archival materials, the results of the research conducted by the scientist focuses on one of the leading directions of education in the gymnasium – patriotic. At the gymnasium, the memory of prominent figures of Ukraine was celebrated annually. In the early 1920's there was a literary circle "Youth", which included and was an active contributor, one of the most well-known graduates of this institution, and a prominent writer, Ulas Samchuk. Hurtkivtsi issued a handwritten gymnasium almanac with the same name. Teachers and students of high school gymnasia, at the request of county parish, created a voluntary wife for the protection of public order in the city. Such events grouped children, allowed them to form their independence in the views and discipline. The researcher examines the activities of educational institutions and highlights important components that have influenced the quality of education. The peculiarities of the educational system in the interwar period through the prism of modern educational reforms in Ukraine are analyzed.
NATIONALSOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT
Authors: Doronina Tetyana
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the question of national social policy impact on the development of the structure and the content of caseworker training in Ukraine and in the world. It was noted that characteristic of modern national social sphere development is its dependence on economic development, which according to modern scholars, analysts and experts, is in crisis condition. The gap between the proclaimed at the national level social plan values and real needs of the population in social protection brings up to date the problem of caseworkers’ commitment to the challenges of modernity. The researcher notes that the work of domestic scientists in the field of training social workers in Ukraine and in the world prompts the establishment of objective factors that complicate the implementation of a specialist in everyday reality. The article focuses on the search for effective models of training social workers in foreign experience. These studies contain interesting and diverse material on: mechanisms for the implementation of the system of continuous social education; partnership cooperation between educational institutions and social institutions in the context of the training of future specialists, their social protection and employment; general tendencies, principles, concepts, systems and models of training of social workers and social educators from different countries. The researcher points out the need to maximally approximate the educational process and direct the practical training of a modern social worker to the practical needs of the country, given the statement in the social policy of Ukraine of the tendency to refuse the general social function of protection in favor of personal assistance to certain social groups (the unemployed, elderly, disabled). On the ground of the analysis of Ukrainian social policy current state, taking into account the current system of case workers’ training in state institutions of higher education, and leading directions of domestic studies of foreign experience on a particular problem, it was found that there is a need to analyze fundamentally the problem of correlation of the current (world) models of social protection of the population with the peculiarities of case workers’ training in view of the domestic context.
IVAN STESHENKO: ARTISTIC INDIVIDUALITY IN THE FIELD OF ERA
Authors: Aleksandrova Halyna
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the artistic personality of Ivan Steshenko as an independent creative person of the early twentieth century, in which the poetic world reflected the stylistic and aesthetic contradictions inherent in the transitional era of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was emphas ized that artistic thinking, literary style of the art is twas for me dinan atmosphere of communication and personal relation ships with many contemporary cultural figures: his biography is closely connected with Starytsky, Lesya Ukrainka, O. Konysky and others. Innovative features and conscientiousness of his poetry with works by M. Staritsky, Lesya Ukrainka and others canbetraced. The key images that reflect the complex system of Ivan Steshenko's spiritual life are considered and is a significant element of his artistic world, which combines neoclassical and neo-romantic elements, tangible relapses of positivism. It is proved that with out studying the artistic personality of Ivan Steshenko it is impossible to out line the true spiritual field of Ukrainian literature, toconstruct a complete model of the national literary process. It is noted that Ivan Steshenko's poetry is polyphonic. There is a desire in it to show the world in all its manifestations, to discover both aesthetic and civic stance. In his artistic word the actual and abstract, national and human, philosophical and social problems became firmly joined. In his writings, the poet reveals the tragic existence of man, reflects his temporality, shows the gap between dream and reality, demonstrates fatigue and frustration in search of happiness. In his poetry, the dramatic disharmony of the thinking man with the world of evil and violence is clearly embodied, the position of the rejection of the existing world order is clearly expressed. There is a synthesis of emotional and intellectual.