bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative detection of sleep apnea with wearable watch device
Authors: Hayano Junichiro , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Nonaka Izumi , Komazawa Makoto , Itao Kenichi , Ueda Norihiro , Tanaka Haruhito , Yuda Emi
Published: November 2020

The spread of wearable watch devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors has made it possible to use continuous pulse wave data during daily life. We examined if PPG pulse wave data can be used to detect sleep apnea, a common but underdiagnosed health problem associated with impaired quality of life and increased cardiovascular risk. In 41 patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) for sleep apnea, PPG was recorded simultaneously with a wearable watch device. The pulse interval data were analyzed by an automated algorithm called auto-correlated wave detection with adaptive threshold (ACAT) which was developed for electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect the cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR), a characteristic heart rate pattern accompanying sleep apnea episodes. The median (IQR) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 17.2 (4.4–28.4) and 22 (54%) subjects had AHI ≥15. The hourly frequency of CVHR (Fcv) detected by the ACAT algorithm closely correlated with AHI (r= 0.81), while none of the time-domain, frequency-domain, or non-linear indices of pulse interval variability showed significant correlation. The Fcv was greater in subjects with AHI ≥15 (19.6 ± 12.3 /h) than in those with AHI <15 (6.4 ± 4.6 /h), and was able to discriminate them with 82% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 85% accuracy. The classification performance was comparable to that obtained when the ACAT algorithm was applied to ECG R-R intervals during the PSG. The analysis of wearable watch PPG by the ACAT algorithm could be used for the quantitative screening of sleep apnea.
Balancing selection and high genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite central region in parasites from Brazilian Amazon and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest
Authors: Almeida-de-Oliveira Natália Ketrin , Abreu-Fernandes Rebecca de , Lima-Cury Lidiane , Lavigne Aline Rosa de , Pina-Costa Anielle de , Perce-da-Silva Daiana de Souza , Catanho Marcos , Rossi Atila Duque , Brasil Patrícia , Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio , Ferreira-da-Cruz Maria de Fátima
Published: November 2020

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the primary pre-erythrocytic vaccine target inPlasmodiumspecies. Knowledge about their genetic diversity can help predict vaccine efficacy and the spread of novel parasite variants. Thus, we investigatedpvcspgene polymorphisms in 219 isolates (136 from Brazilian Amazon [BA], 71 from Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest [AF], and 12 from non-Brazilian countries [NB]). Forty-eight polymorphic sites were detected, 46 in the central repeat region (CR), and two in the C-terminal region. Also, the CR presents InDels and a variable number of repeats. All samples correspond to the VK210 variant, and 24 VK210 subtypes based on CR. Nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0135) generated a significant number of haplotypes (168) with low genetic differentiation between the Brazilian regions (Fst= 0.208). The haplotype network revealed similar distances among the BA and AF regions. The linkage disequilibrium indicates that recombination does not seem to be acting in diversity, reinforcing natural selection’s role in accelerating adaptive evolution. The high diversity (low Fst) and polymorphism frequencies could be indicators of balancing selection. Although malaria in BA and AF have distinct vector species and different host immune pressures, consistent genetic signature was found in two regions. The immunodominant B-cell epitope mapped in the CR varies from seven to 19 repeats. The CR T-cell epitope is conserved only in 39 samples. Concerning to C-terminal region, the Th2R epitope presented nonsynonymous SNP only in 6% of Brazilian samples, and the Th3R epitope remained conserved in all studied regions. We conclude that, although the uneven distribution of alleles may jeopardize the deployment of vaccines directed to a specific variablelocus, a unique vaccine formulation could protect populations in all Brazilian regions.
Renal function and outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Shizuta Satoshi , Aizawa Takanori , Yamagami Shintaro , Takeji Yasuaki , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi
Published: November 2020

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal failure coexist and interact. However, scarce data about association between renal function and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF are available. We sought to evaluate long-term renal function and clinical outcomes after AF ablation.

Methods

We enrolled 791 non-dialysis patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, and evaluated the incidence of worsening renal function (WRF) after the procedure, defined as >30% decline in estimate glomerular filtration rate.

Results

Mean follow-up duration was 5.1±2.5 years. Five hundreds and twenty-six patients (66.5%) were free from recurrent atrial arrhythmias without any antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of final follow-up. Cumulative incidence of WRF was 13.2% at 5-year after procedure, which was significantly higher in patients with recurrent AF compared to those without (21.6% versus 8.7%, P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, recurrent AF was an independent risk factor for WRF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.81, P = 0.002), along with congestive heart failure, diabetes, and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2at baseline. Patients with WRF had significantly higher 5-year incidences of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding compared to those without WRF. After adjustment of baseline differences in the multivariate Cox model, the excessive risks of WRF for all-cause death and heart failure hospitalization remained significant (adjusted HR 3.46, P = 0.002; adjusted HR 3.67, P<0.001).

Conclusions

In AF patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, arrhythmia recurrence was associated with WRF during follow-up, which was a strong predictor of adverse clinical outcomes.
Sugarcane mosaic virus mediated changes in cytosine methylation pattern and differentially transcribed fragments in resistance-contrasting sugarcane genotypes
Authors: da Silva Marcel Fernando , Gonçalves Marcos Cesar , Brito Michael dos Santos , Medeiros Cibele Nataliane , Harakava Ricardo , Landell Marcos Guimarães de Andrade , Pinto Luciana Rossini
Published: November 2020

Sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV) is the causal agent of sugarcane mosaic disease (SMD) in Brazil; it is mainly controlled by using resistant cultivars. Studies on the changes in sugarcane transcriptome provided the first insights about the molecular basis underlying the genetic resistance to SMD; nonetheless, epigenetic modifications such as cytosine methylation is also informative, considering its roles in gene expression regulation. In our previous study, differentially transcribed fragments (DTFs) were obtained using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism by comparing mock- and SCMV-inoculated plants from two sugarcane cultivars with contrasting responses to SMD. In this study, the identification of unexplored DTFs was continued while the same leaf samples were used to evaluate SCMV-mediated changes in the cytosine methylation pattern by using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism. This analysis revealed minor changes in cytosine methylation in response to SCMV infection, but distinct changes between the cultivars with contrasting responses to SMD, with higher hypomethylation events 24 and 72 h post-inoculation in the resistant cultivar. The differentially methylated fragments (DMFs) aligned with transcripts, putative promoters, and genomic regions, with a preponderant distribution within CpG islands. The transcripts found were associated with plant immunity and other stress responses, epigenetic changes, and transposable elements. The DTFs aligned with transcripts assigned to stress responses, epigenetic changes, photosynthesis, lipid transport, and oxidoreductases, in which the transcriptional start site is located in proximity with CpG islands and tandem repeats. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed significant upregulation in the resistant cultivar of aspartyl protease and VQ protein, respectively, selected from DMF and DTF alignments, suggesting their roles in genetic resistance to SMD and supporting the influence of cytosine methylation in gene expression. Thus, we identified new candidate genes for further validation and showed that the changes in cytosine methylation may regulate important mechanisms underlying the genetic resistance to SMD.
Geostatistical analysis and mapping of malaria risk in children of Mozambique
Authors: Ejigu Bedilu Alamirie
Published: November 2020

Malaria remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the tropics and subtropics, and Mozambique is not an exception. To design geographically targeted and effective intervention mechanisms of malaria, an up-to-date map that shows the spatial distribution of malaria is needed. This study analyzed 2018 Mozambique Malaria Indicator Survey using geostatistical methods to: i) explore individual, household, and community-level determinants of malaria in under-five children, ii) prepare a malaria prevalence map in Mozambique, and iii) produce prediction prevalence maps and exceedence probability across the country. The results show the overall weighted prevalence of malaria was 38.9% (N = 4347, with 95% CI: 36.9%–40.8%). Across different provinces of Mozambique, the prevalence of malaria ranges from 1% in Maputo city to 57.3% in Cabo Delgado province. Malaria prevalence was found to be higher in rural areas, increased with child’s age, and decreased with household wealth index and mother’s level of education. Given the high prevalence of childhood malaria observed in Mozambique there is an urgent need for effective public health interventions in malaria hot spot areas. The household determinants of malaria infection that are identified in this study as well as the maps of parasitaemia risk could be used by malaria control program implementers to define priority intervention areas.
Grant application outcomes for biomedical researchers who participated in the National Research Mentoring Network’s Grant Writing Coaching Programs
Authors: Weber-Main Anne Marie , McGee Richard , Eide Boman Kristin , Hemming Japera , Hall Meldra , Unold Thaddeus , Harwood Eileen M. , Risner Laurie E. , Smith Ann , Lawson Kimberly , Engler Jeffrey , Steer Clifford J. , Buchwald Dedra , Jones Harlan P. , Manson Spero M. , Ofili Elizabeth , Schwartz Nancy B. , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Okuyemi Kolawole S.
Published: November 2020

Background

A diverse research workforce is essential for catalyzing biomedical advancements, but this workforce goal is hindered by persistent sex and racial/ethnic disparities among investigators receiving research grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In response, the NIH-funded National Research Mentoring Network implemented a Grant Writing Coaching Program (GCP) to provide diverse cohorts of early-career investigators across the United States with intensive coaching throughout the proposal development process. We evaluated the GCP’s national reach and short-term impact on participants’ proposal submissions and funding outcomes.

Methods

The GCP was delivered as six similar but distinct models. All models began with an in-person group session, followed by a series of coaching sessions over 4 to 12 months. Participants were surveyed at 6-, 12- and 18-months after program completion to assess proposal outcomes (submissions, awards). Self-reported data were verified and supplemented by searches of public repositories of awarded grants when available. Submission and award rates were derived from counts of participants who submitted or were awarded at least one grant proposal in a category (NIH, other federal, non-federal).

Results

From June 2015 through March 2019, 545 investigators (67% female, 61% under-represented racial/ethnic minority, URM) from 187 different institutions participated in the GCP. Among them, 324 (59% of participants) submitted at least one grant application and 134 (41% of submitters) received funding. A total of 164 grants were awarded, the majority being from the NIH (93, 56%). Of the 74 R01 (or similar) NIH research proposals submitted by GCP participants, 16 have been funded thus far (56% to URM, 75% to women). This 22% award rate exceeded the 2016–2018 NIH success rates for new R01s.

Conclusion

Inter- and intra-institutional grant writing coaching groups are a feasible and effective approach to supporting the grant acquisition efforts of early-career biomedical investigators, including women and those from URM groups.
Impact of subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole on proteome of Clostridioides difficile strains with different levels of susceptibility
Authors: Doan Tri-Hanh-Dung , Yen-Nicolaÿ Stéphanie , Bernet-Camard Marie-Françoise , Martin-Verstraete Isabelle , Péchiné Séverine
Published: November 2020

Clostridioides difficile is responsible for various intestinal symptoms from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis and is the primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. Metronidazole was the first-line treatment for mild to moderate C. difficile infections for 30 years. However, clinical failure and recurrence rates of metronidazole is superior to oral vancomycin and metronidazole is now recommended only as an alternative to vancomycin or fidaxomicin, for an initial non-severe infection. The mechanisms of treatment failure and infection recurrence remain unclear. Given the poor fecal concentrations of metronidazole, the bacteria may be exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole and develop adaptation strategy, which is likely to be the origin of an increase in treatment failures. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to analyze changes in the proteome of two strains with different levels of susceptibility to metronidazole in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of this antibiotic. The two strains were grown to stationary phase: CD17-146, a clinical C. difficile isolate with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole, and VPI 10463, a metronidazole susceptible strain. Our study revealed that, whatever the strain, subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole modified the amount of proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, and protection against stress induced by metronidazole, as well as in DNA repair. Several proteins involved in stress response are known to be synthesized under the control of Sigma factor B, which suggests a close link between Sigma factor B and metronidazole. Interestingly, impact of metronidazole on protein production for VPI 10463 strain differed from CD17-146 strain, for which the amount of two proteins involved in biofilm formation of CD17-146 were modified by metronidazole.
Hepatic pyruvate carboxylase expression differed prior to hyperketonemia onset in transition dairy cows
Authors: Weld Kristina A. , Caputo Oliveira Rafael , Bertics Sandra J. , Erb Sophia J. , White Heather M.
Published: November 2020

Fatty acids (FA) provide an energy source to the liver during negative energy balance; however, when FA influx is excessive, FA can be stored as liver lipids or incompletely oxidized to β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The objectives of this study were to quantify plasma and liver FA profiles and hepatic gene expression in cows diagnosed with hyperketonemia (HYK; BHB ≥ 1.2 mM) or not (nonHYK; BHB < 1.2 mM) to determine a relationship between FA profile and expression of hepatic genes related to oxidation and gluconeogenesis. Production parameters, blood samples (-28, -3, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 d relative to parturition; n = 28 cows), and liver biopsies (1, 14, and 28 d postpartum; n = 22 cows) were collected from Holstein cows. Cows were retrospectively grouped as HYK or nonHYK based on BHB concentrations in postpartum blood samples. Average first positive test (BHB ≥ 1.2 mM) was 9 ± 5 d (± SD). Cows diagnosed with HYK had greater C18:1 and lower C18:2 plasma proportions. Liver FA proportions of C16:0 and C18:1 were related to proportions in plasma, but C18:0 and C18:2 were not. Some interactions between plasma FA and HYK on liver FA proportion suggests that there may be preferential use depending upon metabolic state. Cows diagnosed with HYK had decreased pyruvate carboxylase (PC) expression, but no difference at 1 d postpartum in either cytosolic or mitochondrial isoforms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK). The increasedPCtoPCKratios in nonHYK cows suggests the potential for greater hepatic oxidative capacity, coinciding with decreased circulating BHB. Interestingly, FA, known regulators ofPCexpression, were not correlated withPCexpression at 1 d postpartum. Taken together, these data demonstrate that HYK cows experience a decrease in the ratio of hepaticPCtoPCKat 1 day postpartum prior to HYK diagnosis which, on average, manifested a week later. The differential regulation ofPCinvolved in HYK diagnosis may not be completely due to shifts in FA profiles and warrants further investigation.
Projected impact of COVID-19 mitigation strategies on hospital services in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Fowler Zachary , Moeller Ellie , Roa Lina , Castañeda-Alcántara Isaac Deneb , Uribe-Leitz Tarsicio , Meara John G. , Cervantes-Trejo Arturo
Published: November 2020

Evidence-based models may assist Mexican government officials and health authorities in determining the safest plans to respond to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the most-affected region of the country, the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. This study aims to present the potential impacts of COVID-19 in this region and to model possible benefits of mitigation efforts. The COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics was used to estimate the probable evolution of COVID-19 in three scenarios: (i) no social distancing, (ii) social distancing in place at 50% effectiveness, and (iii) social distancing in place at 60% effectiveness. Projections of the number of inpatient hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and patients requiring ventilators were made for each scenario. Using the model described, it was predicted that peak case volume at 0% mitigation was to occur on April 30, 2020 at 11,553,566 infected individuals. Peak case volume at 50% mitigation was predicted to occur on June 1, 2020 with 5,970,093 infected individuals and on June 21, 2020 for 60% mitigation with 4,128,574 infected individuals. Occupancy rates in hospitals during peak periods at 0%, 50%, and 60% mitigation would be 875.9%, 322.8%, and 203.5%, respectively, when all inpatient beds are included. Under these scenarios, peak daily hospital admissions would be 40,438, 13,820, and 8,650. Additionally, 60% mitigation would result in a decrease in peak intensive care beds from 94,706 to 23,116 beds and a decrease in peak ventilator need from 67,889 to 17,087 units. Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 through social distancing could have a dramatic impact on reducing the number of infected people and minimize hospital overcrowding. These evidence-based models may enable careful resource utilization and encourage targeted public health responses.
Transcripts of wheat at a target locus on chromosome 6B associated with increased yield, leaf mass and chlorophyll index under combined drought and heat stress
Authors: Schmidt Jessica , Garcia Melissa , Brien Chris , Kalambettu Priyanka , Garnett Trevor , Fleury Delphine , Tricker Penny J.
Published: November 2020

Drought and heat stress constrain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields globally. To identify putative mechanisms and candidate genes associated with combined drought and heat stress tolerance, we developed bread wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) targeting a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 6B which was previously associated with combined drought and heat stress tolerance in a diverse panel of wheats. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to identify additional regions that segregated in allelic pairs between the recurrent and the introduced exotic parent, genome-wide. NILs were phenotyped in a gravimetric platform with precision irrigation and exposed to either drought or to combined drought and heat stress from three days after anthesis. An increase in grain weight in NILs carrying the exotic allele at 6B locus was associated with thicker, greener leaves, higher photosynthetic capacity and increased water use index after re-watering. RNA sequencing of developing grains at early and later stages of treatment revealed 75 genes that were differentially expressed between NILs across both treatments and timepoints. Differentially expressed genes coincided with the targeted QTL on chromosome 6B and regions of genetic segregation on chromosomes 1B and 7A. Pathway enrichment analysis showed the involvement of these genes in cell and gene regulation, metabolism of amino acids and transport of carbohydrates. The majority of these genes have not been characterized previously under drought or heat stress and they might serve as candidate genes for improved abiotic stress tolerance.
Evaluation of the sublethal effect of tetrachlorantraniliprole on Spodoptera exigua and its potential toxicity to two non-target organisms
Authors: Teng Haiyuan , Yuan Yongda , Zhang Tianshu , Chang Xiaoli , Wang Dongsheng
Published: November 2020

Tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that specifically targets the ryanodine receptors of lepidopteran insect species with excellent insecticidal activity. Previous studies have reported the sublethal effects of multiple diamides on several lepidopteran species, whereas the sublethal and non-target effects of TCAP remain largely unknown. We assessed the sublethal effects of TCAP onSpodoptera exigua. We also investigated the effects of TCAP on non-targetHarmonia axyridisandEisenia fetida,S.exiguawas more sensitive to TCAP than to chlorantraniliprole, as the LC50(10.371 μg L-1at 72 h) of TCAP was relatively lower. Compared with those of the control, sublethal concentrations of TCAP (LC10and LC30) not only prolonged the duration of the larval and pupal stages as well as the mean generation time but also reduced certain population parameters. On the other hand, TCAP exposure, even at the highest concentration, did not induce toxic effects inH.axyridisladybugs (1stinstar larvae and adults) orE.fetidaearthworms. Taken together, our results suggest that TCAP can be used as a novel and promising component of the integrated pest management (IPM) program againstS.exiguadue to its robust target effects and negligible non-target risks.
Comparison of nonparametric and parametric methods for time-frequency heart rate variability analysis in a rodent model of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wong Emily M. , Tablin Fern , Schelegle Edward S.
Published: November 2020

The aim of time-varying heart rate variability spectral analysis is to detect and quantify changes in the heart rate variability spectrum components during nonstationary events. Of the methods available, the nonparametric short-time Fourier Transform and parametric time-varying autoregressive modeling are the most commonly employed. The current study (1) compares short-time Fourier Transform and autoregressive modeling methods influence on heart rate variability spectral characteristics over time and during an experimental ozone exposure in mature adult spontaneously hypertensive rats, (2) evaluates the agreement between short-time Fourier Transform and autoregressive modeling method results, and (3) describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Although similar trends were detected during ozone exposure, statistical comparisons identified significant differences between short-time Fourier Transform and autoregressive modeling analysis results. Significant differences were observed between methods for LF power (p ≤ 0.014); HF power (p ≤ 0.011); total power (p ≤ 0.027); and normalized HF power (p = 0.05). Furthermore, inconsistencies between exposure-related observations accentuated the lack of agreement between short-time Fourier Transform and autoregressive modeling overall. Thus, the short-time Fourier Transform and autoregressive modeling methods for time-varying heart rate variability analysis could not be considered interchangeable for evaluations with or without interventions that are known to affect cardio-autonomic activity.
Dihydronicotinamide riboside promotes cell-specific cytotoxicity by tipping the balance between metabolic regulation and oxidative stress
Authors: Sonavane Manoj , Hayat Faisal , Makarov Mikhail , Migaud Marie E. , Gassman Natalie R.
Published: November 2020

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), the essential cofactor derived from vitamin B3, is both a coenzyme in redox enzymatic processes and substrate in non-redox events; processes that are intimately implicated in all essential bioenergetics. A decrease in intracellular NAD+levels is known to cause multiple metabolic complications and age-related disorders. One NAD+precursor is dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), which increases NAD+levels more potently in both cultured cells and mice than current supplementation strategies with nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or vitamin B3 (nicotinamide and niacin). However, the consequences of extreme boosts in NAD+levels are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the cell-specific effects of acute NRH exposure in mammalian cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG3) cells show dose-dependent cytotoxicity when supplemented with 100–1000 μM NRH. Cytotoxicity was not observed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells over the same dose range of NRH. PUMA and BAX mediate the cell-specific cytotoxicity of NRH in HepG3. When supplementing HepG3 with 100 μM NRH, a significant increase in ROS was observed concurrent with changes in the NAD(P)H and GSH/GSSG pools. NRH altered mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial superoxide formation, and induced mitochondrial DNA damage in those cells. NRH also caused metabolic dysregulation, altering mitochondrial respiration. Altogether, we demonstrated the detrimental consequences of an extreme boost of the total NAD (NAD++ NADH) pool through NRH supplementation in HepG3. The cell-specific effects are likely mediated through the different metabolic fate of NRH in these cells, which warrants further study in other systemic models.
Diógenes Laércio. Vitae Philosophorum 5.36-57 (vida de Teofrasto)
Authors: De Brito Rodrigo Pinto , Pereira Marcos Roberto Santos
Published: November 2020

Tradução do quinto livro, passos 36-57 de Vidas, de Diógenes Laércio, tratando da vida de Teofrasto.
Edmund Husserl i filozofia radykalnego początku
Authors: Migasiński Jacek , Pokropski Marek
Published: November 2020

W artykule omawiamy na podstawie prac Edmunda Husserla oraz korespondencji z jego uczniem Arnoldem Metzgerem wybrane idee fenomenologii, pokazując, jak bardzo radykalny i maksymalistyczny był to projekt, który w skrócie można scharakteryzować jako próbę rozpoczęcia filozofii od nowa. Wychodząc od skrajnie pesymistycznej oceny filozofii i nauki, Husserl opisuje kryzys racjonalności, który dotknął Europę. Rozwiązaniem ma być stworzenie nowej, ściśle naukowej filozofii, czyli fenomenologii. Wedle zamysłów Husserla, miała ona stanowić całkiem nową fundamentalną dyscyplinę naukową dającą podstawę innym naukom, w tym m.in. psychologii. Zadanie, jakie sobie Husserl postawił, wymagało radykalnych środków, dlatego dużą część swoich rozważań poświęcił na opracowanie nowej metody filozoficznej, której celem było m.in. zawieszenie całej uprzednio nabytej wiedzy. Maksymalistyczny projekt Husserla zmagał się z wewnętrznymi ograniczeniami i sprzecznościami, doprowadził jednak do przełomu teoretycznego w filozofii XIX i XX wieku. Cel tak pomyślanej nowej filozofii nie był wyłącznie naukowy, lecz również cywilizacyjny. Fenomenologia miała doprowadzić do odnowy duchowej ludzkości poprzez transformację nauki i odkrycie nieskończonej idei racjonalności leżącej u podstaw kultury europejskiej.
Trzy wymiary totalności. Twórczość Lidii Ginzburg
Authors: Roman-Rawska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Artykuł dotyczy wielowymiarowej twórczości rosyjskiej teoretyczki literatury, kultury, a także autorki wspomnień i dzienników – Lidii Ginzburg (1902–1990), która była świadkiem najbardziej newralgicznych momentów dwudziestowiecznej historii ZSRR/Rosji. Urodzona w Odessie, pochodziła z inteligenckiej, żydowskiej rodziny. Kształciła się w Leningradzie w latach 20., otoczona bardzo żywym ówcześnie, pluralistycznym środowiskiem intelektualnym i twórczym. Dotknięta przez stalinowskie represje, przeżyła wojenną blokadę Leningradu. W artykule problematyzowany jest splot trzech wymiarów totalności, które ukonstytuowały tę niebanalną myślicielkę. Pierwszy z nich to totalność doświadczeń biograficznych (represje, oblężenie miasta), drugi to totalność instytucji, w ramach których tworzyła i pracowała (totalitarny Związek Radziecki, cenzura) oraz trzeci, czyli totalność jej myśli i koncepcji, które przekraczały granice dyscyplin i obszarów działalności (precyzyjna i dążąca do kompletności twórczość naukowa oraz refleksyjna, emocjonalna i otwarta w swej formie twórczość wspomnieniowa – dzienniki, listy i zapiski). Totalność traktowana jest w artykule jako nierozerwalność teorii i praktyki, racjonalności i emocjonalności, abstrakcyjnych idei i prywatnego doświadczenia oraz innych przeciwstawnych sobie kategorii.
Stability Improvement of Brake Disc to Mode Coupling at High Frequency Squeal
Authors: Khuntiptong Anutcharee , Chantalakhana Chak
Published: November 2020

In this research study, the high-frequency squeal noise of a brake disc was found to occurred at a frequency of about 15 kHz. The potential root cause has been studied where mode frequency coupling and shape locking mechanism of brake disc and brake pads components are the main investigated topic. From the vehicle field test and the Dynamometer test, the braking condition, friction coefficient and braking pressure, have been confirmed to be used in numerical experiments. The updated finite element model (FEM) with the modal testing data of the existing brake components are formulated for the Complex Eigenvalue Analysis (CEA). In this study, the modification is based on in-board and out-board cheek thickness of the brake disc. Two of nine modifications of the brake disc cheek thickness are proposed with the method of separation the brake disc out-of-plane and in-plane modes and the method of avoiding shape locking between the brake disc and the brake pads modes. The constructed prototypes are verified with the vehicle field test and well agreed with the CEA.
«Все ограничения в нашей голове»: опыт профессиональных спортсменов с инвалидностью
Authors: Коржук Софья Владимировна , Коротких Эллина Вадимовна
Published: November 2020

Люди с инвалидностью — социальная группа, подверженная повышенному риску бедности и социальной эксклюзии, что актуализирует изучение способов их интеграции в общество. Целью данного исследования было выявить возможности осуществления социальной мобильности и повышения пространственной подвижности людьми с инвалидностью через профессиональный спорт. Информационную базу исследования составили восемь биографических интервью с профессиональными спортсменами, имеющими серьезные нарушения здоровья. В статье описывается, как начиналась карьера спортсменов с инвалидностью, что их мотивировало и на чью поддержку они опирались, каких результатов в спорте достигли к настоящему моменту и с какими сложностями столкнулись, а также как изменялись различные виды капитала и пространственная подвижность спортсменов по мере развития их спортивной карьеры. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что спорт высших достижений способствовал профессиональной реализации, улучшению материального положения, расширению сети социальных контактов, развитию ценных для спортивной карьеры и жизни в целом навыков и жизненных установок — т.е. накоплению экономического, социального и культурного капитала спортсменами с инвалидностью. Кроме того, спорт стал стимулом и способом повысить пространственную подвижность спортсменов, что позитивно сказалось на их возможностях социального участия. Качественные изменения в жизни спортсменов, произошедшие благодаря большому спорту, показывают, что информанты повысили свой социальный статус и осуществили восходящую социальную мобильность.
Вовлеченное отцовство, заботливая маскулинность
Authors: Рождественская Елена Юрьевна
Published: November 2020

Современные исследования показывают, что отцовство и отцовские практики тесно увязаны с понятием маскулинности и гендерными контрактами. Это означает индукцию изменения в маскулинных и отцовских ролях вследствие активно меняющихся конфигураций образовательных, трудовых и материнских обязанностей женщин. Таким образом, социальный институт отцовства испытывает давление как публичной, так и приватной сферы. Отцовство явно меняется в современном обществе, поскольку во многом разрушены патриархальные семейные структуры, изменились гендерные роли, возникли новые идентичности матери и отца, что делает необходимым изучение коммуникативной структуры семьи/партнерства. Насколько отцы доступны для детей, наполняют реальным содержанием взаимодействие с ними и насколько они берут ответственность за детей? В качестве теоретического подхода в статье развивается социально-конструктивистская платформа, на основе которой автор дискутирует по теории социального признания Алекса Хоннетта, а также  по теории заботящейся маскулинности Карлы Эллиот. В качестве приемлемой концептуальной основы автор выстраивает комплементарную гендерную конструкцию, позволяющую релявитизировать гегемоническую нормативную маскулинность за счет легитимирующего дискурса заботы, который становится гендерно нейтральным и высвобождает пространство отцовских практик в стиле вовлеченного активного отцовства.
В фокусе описываемого в статье эмпирического исследования — вопрос о преемственности и отличиях отцовских практик на протяжении трех поколений. Как воспринимают современные молодые люди отцовское влияние по сравнению с материнским, что говорят их отцы о своем отцовстве, как они вспоминают собственное детство и влияние своих родителей (поколение дедушек)? Изменились ли представления об отцовской роли, остается ли прежним содержание отцовских практик и, вместе с этим, дискурс отцовства в обществе в целом? Исследование построено на анализе коллекции собранных 200 семейных кейсов, каждый из которых представляет собой трехпоколенный срез проблематики отцовства, материнства и социализации в формате полуструктурированного интервью. Исследовательский акцент на отцовских практиках ставит целью отслеживание и контрастирование отцовства, контрастирование практик отцовства. Для анализа нарративного содержания описанных отцовских практик выделены категории, на разных уровнях описывающие феномен отцовства и позволяющие отследить поколенческие отличия: в модусе повседневного действия в воспитании, в содержании воспитательных норм, в оценке и режимах оправдания относительно моделей воспитания и участие в воспитании. Основной эмпирический вывод заключается в том, что отцовство «возвращается» в семью, обрастает трансформирующими маскулинность  практиками заботы, его ценность валоризирована как содержательно самостоятельная роль.
Благодарность. Статья написана в рамках Проекта «Реконфигурация отцовской роли: поколенческая динамика, отцовские компетенции и практики», поддержанной Научным фондом НИУ ВШЭ (индивидуальный грант № 15-01-0126).
Отношение россиян к глобальным рискам: социально-демографические и психологические факторы восприятия угроз
Authors: Нестик Тимофей Александрович , Задорин Игорь Вениаминович
Published: November 2020

Обоснована актуальность изучения динамики и закономерностей отношения россиян к глобальным рискам в условиях пандемии. На основе анализа результатов международных исследований рассматриваются различия в содержании массовых страхов по поводу глобальных рисков в различных регионах мира, а также социально-психологические типы отношения людей к глобальным рискам. Представлены результаты проведенного в сентябре 2019 г. всероссийского опроса населения (N = 1600), направленного на выявление массовых страхов и социально-психологических характеристик отношения к глобальным рискам у представителей разных социально-демографических категорий россиян. Показано, что уверенность перед лицом глобальных угроз поддерживается социальными ресурсами личности: высшим образованием, высоким социальным статусом, хорошим экономическим состоянием, проживанием в крупном городе с развитой инфраструктурой, возможностями территориальной мобильности. Предикторами тревоги по поводу глобальных рисков оказались частота просмотра телевидения и внимание к новостям о глобальных катастрофах; чувство уязвимости, связанное с неудовлетворительным материальным благосостоянием и ростом неравенства; групповая и территориальная самоидентификация; а также общий уровень тревоги о будущем. Высокий уровень тревоги по поводу угроз сопровождается низким социальным доверием, консервативными установками и ориентацией на авторитарных лидеров. Анализ динамики восприятия глобальных рисков в 1996, 2006 и 2019 гг. позволяет говорить о росте беспокойства по поводу войны и стабильно высоком уровне тревоги по поводу эпидемий, природных катастроф и бедствий. Выявлены наиболее распространенные среди россиян социально-психологические стратегии реагирования на глобальные риски: ориентация на коллективное противодействие угрозам, фаталистическое игнорирование и религиозный традиционализм.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено по гранту РНФ №18-18-00439 «Психология человека в условиях глобальных рисков».
Implicit Factors and Voting Behavior Inconsistency: From an Attitude to Behavior
Authors: Чернозуб Олег Леонидович
Published: November 2020

Several recent elections and referendums were marked by a dramatic failure in pre-election prediction based on large-scale surveys among voters. The focus of the present study is poorly studied limitations on the accuracy of forecasts which are based on the explicit intentions of voters and do not take into consideration implicit (unconscious, latent) factors influencing voting behavior. To identify those factors the author introduces Graphic Association Test of Attitude (GATA) - a simple but powerful tool which enables measurement of implicit factors/intentions and helps to “enrich” traditional forecasting models dealing with explicit factors with a set of implicit effects. How these “upgraded” models work can be illustrated by the inconsistency phenomenon showcasing functionality of the general concept.
The findings of the study proves an assumption stating that implicit factors affecting attitudes and intentions are real phenomena, and inconsistencies in explicit and implicit elements of the voter’s attitudes and intentions are typical of many voters. These issues were examined in detail in the previous article (Implicit Factors and Voting Behavior Inconsistency: from Theoretical Concept to Empirical Phenomenon// Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, 2020, No. 4). The present article argues that implicit factors, particularly due to the inconsistencies in the voting behavior components, can have a real impact on the voters’ behavior. Taking this fact into account can considerably and sustainably improve the forecast accuracy.
Observações sobre a estrutura linguística da Cena: a língua de sinais emergente da Várzea Queimada (Piauí, Brasil)
Authors: Almeida-Silva Anderson , Nevins Andrew Ira
Published: November 2020

Este texto apresenta uma descrição preliminar da estrutura linguística da Cena, uma língua de sinais emergente do interior do Piauí, falada/sinalizada por aproximadamente 30 pessoas. É classificada como uma língua de sinais compartilhada porque também é utilizada por pessoas ouvintes. A Cena é uma das línguas minoritárias do Brasil e é uma língua compartilhada por surdos e ouvintes da localidade Várzea Queimada. Descrevemos aspectos do léxico, fonologia, morfologia, sintaxe, e algumas questões de variação encontradas nessa língua, apontando para várias direções em pesquisas futuras. O texto é útil para aqueles interessados na temática de língua de sinais emergentes e a questão da evolução e tipologia das línguas.
Influências temporais do pomerano na produção de vogais suarabáticas no português de contato: o timing como um padrão específico de língua
Authors: Da Silva Felipe Bilharva
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho visa investigar a influência do pomerano, língua de imigração baixo-alemã, na produção de vogais suarabácticas em grupos consonantais [Cɾ] e [ɾC] do português falado no município de São Lourenço do Sul (RS). Para tanto, foram entrevistadas dez participantes bilíngues e monolíngues, residentes do referido município e de Pelotas (RS). Foram realizados três experimentos para montagem do córpus: descrição de imagens, nomeação de imagens e leitura de palavras, que buscavam emular um contexto naturalístico e controlar variáveis intralinguísticas. Os resultados indicaram uma influência do pomerano tanto na produção das vogais suarabácticas, já que as participantes bilíngues produziram um número significativamente menor desses elementos vocálicos na posição pós-vocálica, quanto na duração das vogais suarabácticas produzidas, dado que as bilíngues produziram elementos vocálicos mais longos. Adicionalmente, a análise de 111 produções em pomerano revelou vogais suarabácticas significativamente mais longas do que aquelas produzidas em português, corroborando a influência da língua dominante.
Uma análise sociolinguística do fenômeno de contato de línguas de code-blending no par linguístico Libras-português
Authors: Gorovitz Sabine , Ribeiro Duarte Leydiane
Published: November 2020

Analisam-se aqui ocorrências do fenômeno de code-blending no par linguístico Libras e Português, assentando-se em pressupostos da sociolinguística que sugerem que a fala, além de carregar marcas topográficas e diastráticas, também reflete situações de interação e características sócio-demográficas dos falantes. Partindo desse princípio basilar, apresentamos uma descrição preliminar do fenômeno em situações de produções linguísticas espontâneas extraídas de vídeos de acesso público do YouTube e do Facebook. Depreende-se dessa análise preliminar, a partir do cruzamento dos dados linguísticos e dos metadados obtidos on-line e passíveis de sistematização, que ocorrem variedades do fenômeno de acordo com as situações sociolinguísticas de interação, que ensejam gêneros discursivos distintos, e com o perfil sociolinguístico dos falantes, em parte configurado pelo processo de aquisição das línguas.
Exploring the Role of the Nucleus Accumbens in Adaptive Behavior Using Concurrent Intracranial and Extracranial Electrophysiological Recordings in Humans
Authors: Eijsker Nadine , van Wingen Guido , Smolders Ruud , Smit Dirk J. A. , Denys Damiaan
Published: November 2020

Recent human electrophysiological evidence implicated θ-band communication between the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and frontal and parietal cortex in cognitive flexibility. Since the NAc is connected with the motor system, we tested whether phase and amplitude-based NAc-cortical connectivity and power modulation likewise underlie flexibility in motor action control. We combined concurrently recorded intracranial and extracranial electroencephalograms from seven psychiatric patients implanted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes who performed a stop signal task (SST). Inhibition success, as opposed to failure, was associated with greater prestimulus information flow from right NAc to medial frontal cortex through phase coupling of θ oscillations. Inhibition failure evoked θ power increases in the left NAc and medial frontal cortex, whereas parieto-occipital cortex showed an α power decrease. We conclude that NAc-to-frontal θ connectivity, possibly facilitating processing of task-relevant information, and α and θ power modulations, possibly reflecting post-error engagement of cognitive control, contribute to adaptive behavior pertaining motor control.
ENSAT registry-based randomized clinical trials for adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Crona Joakim , Baudin Eric , Terzolo Massimo , Chrisoulidou Alexandra , Angelousi Anna , Ronchi Cristina L , Oliveira Cristina Lamas , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J M , Ceccato Filippo , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Reimondo Giuseppe , Tiberi Guido A M , Ettaieb Hester , Kiriakopoulos Andreas , Canu Letizia , Kastelan Darko , Osher Esthr , Yiannakopoulou Eugenia , Arnaldi Giorgio , Assié Guillaume , Paiva Isabel , Bourdeau Isabelle , Newell-Price John , Nowak Karolina M , Romero M Tous , De Martino Maria Cristina , Bugalho Maria João , Sherlock Mark , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Dennedy Michael Conall , Loli Paula , Rodien Patrice , Feelders Richard , de Krijger Ronald , Van Slycke Sam , Aylwin Simon , Morelli Valentina , Vroonen Laurent , Shafigullina Zulfiya , Bancos Irina , Trofimiuk-Müldner Małgorzata , Quinkler Marcus , Luconi Michaela , Kroiss Matthias , Naruse Mitsuhide , Igaz Peter , Mihai Radu , Della Casa Silvia , Berruti Alfredo , Fassnacht Martin , Beuschlein Felix
Published: November 2020

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an orphan disease lacking effective systemic treatment options. The low incidence of the disease and high cost of clinical trials are major obstacles in the search for improved treatment strategies. As a novel approach, registry-based clinical trials have been introduced in clinical research, so allowing for significant cost reduction, but without compromising scientific benefit. Herein, we describe how the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours (ENSAT) could transform its current registry into one fit for a clinical trial infrastructure. The rationale to perform randomized registry-based trials in ACC is outlined including an analysis of relevant limitations and challenges. We summarize a survey on this concept among ENSAT members who expressed a strong interest in the concept and rated its scientific potential as high. Legal aspects, including ethical approval of registry-based randomization were identified as potential obstacles. Finally, we describe three potential randomized registry-based clinical trials in an adjuvant setting and for advanced disease with a high potential to be executed within the framework of an advanced ENSAT registry. Thus we, therefore, provide the basis for future registry-based trials for ACC patients. This could ultimately provide proof-of-principle of how to perform more effective randomized trials for an orphan disease.