bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Moniezia denticulata (Rudolphi, 1810) and its distinction from M. expansa infecting sheep and goats raised in the north and north-western regions of India
Authors: Kumar Susheel , Kaur Harpreet
Published: July 2023

The tapeworms of Moniezia spp. are heteroxenous parasites and their adult forms occur in ruminants' alimentary tract. They steal a significant portion of hosts' nourishment initiating monieziasis, thereby inflicting economic losses in animal rearing. Despite their high economic importance, the molecular characterization and taxonomic status of these parasites have remained poorly understood. In the present study, cestodes were isolated from the sheep and goats' intestines and were stained with Gower's carmine. Upon careful evaluation of morphological characters, 2 species Moniezia denticulata and Moniezia expansa were identified. The genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified targeting regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 1–5.8S rRNA (ITS1–5.8S rRNA) genes followed by sequencing. The partial sequences of cox1, SSU rRNA and ITS1–5.8S rRNA genes of M. denticulata generated in the present study revealed that even though they share high similarities with M. benedeni (93.2% cox1; 92.6% SSU rRNA; 84.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA) and M. expansa (88.85% cox1; 92.27% SSU rRNA; 81.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA), they are not identical to them. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, M. denticulata and M. expansa consistently appeared as distinct species from each other. The high values of pairwise divergence between these 2 species collected in the present study confirmed their separate identity. The present study reports the first molecular characterization of M. denticulata with reference to M. expansa infecting sheep and goats in India.
Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms
Authors: Zhao Tingmei , Cai Yulong , Jiang Yujie , He Xuemei , Wei Yuquan , Yu Yifan , Tian Xiaohe
Published: July 2023

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response, the adjuvants’ action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals, which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens, as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs. The adjuvants’ action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review. This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms, properties, and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants, which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants, a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms, which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines. On this basis, this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.
A spatially anchored transcriptomic atlas of the human kidney papilla identifies significant immune injury in patients with stone disease
Authors: Canela Victor Hugo , Bowen William S. , Ferreira Ricardo Melo , Syed Farooq , Lingeman James E. , Sabo Angela R. , Barwinska Daria , Winfree Seth , Lake Blue B. , Cheng Ying-Hua , Gaut Joseph P. , Ferkowicz Michael , LaFavers Kaice A. , Zhang Kun , Coe Fredric L. , Worcester Elaine ,   the Kidney Precision Medicine Project, Jain Sanjay , Eadon Michael T. , Williams James C. , El-Achkar Tarek M.
Published: July 2023

Kidney stone disease causes significant morbidity and increases health care utilization. In this work, we decipher the cellular and molecular niche of the human renal papilla in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease and healthy subjects. In addition to identifying cell types important in papillary physiology, we characterize collecting duct cell subtypes and an undifferentiated epithelial cell type that was more prevalent in stone patients. Despite the focal nature of mineral deposition in nephrolithiasis, we uncover a global injury signature characterized by immune activation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also identify the association of MMP7 and MMP9 expression with stone disease and mineral deposition, respectively. MMP7 and MMP9 are significantly increased in the urine of patients with CaOx stone disease, and their levels correlate with disease activity. Our results define the spatial molecular landscape and specific pathways contributing to stone-mediated injury in the human papilla and identify associated urinary biomarkers.
Clearance of defective muscle stem cells by senolytics restores myogenesis in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Conte Talita C. , Duran-Bishop Gilberto , Orfi Zakaria , Mokhtari Inès , Deprez Alyson , Côté Isabelle , Molina Thomas , Kim Tae-Yeon , Tellier Lydia , Roussel Marie-Pier , Maggiorani Damien , Benabdallah Basma , Leclerc Severine , Feulner Lara , Pellerito Ornella , Mathieu Jean , Andelfinger Gregor , Gagnon Cynthia , Beauséjour Christian , McGraw Serge , Duchesne Elise , Dumont Nicolas A.
Published: July 2023

Muscle stem cells, the engine of muscle repair, are affected in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1); however, the underlying molecular mechanism and the impact on the disease severity are still elusive. Here, we show using patients’ samples that muscle stem cells/myoblasts exhibit signs of cellular senescence in vitro and in situ. Single cell RNAseq uncovers a subset of senescent myoblasts expressing high levels of genes related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show that the levels of interleukin-6, a prominent SASP cytokine, in the serum of DM1 patients correlate with muscle weakness and functional capacity limitations. Drug screening revealed that the senolytic BCL-XL inhibitor (A1155463) can specifically remove senescent DM1 myoblasts by inducing their apoptosis. Clearance of senescent cells reduced the expression of SASP, which rescued the proliferation and differentiation capacity of DM1 myoblasts in vitro and enhanced their engraftment following transplantation in vivo. Altogether, this study identifies the pathogenic mechanism associated with muscle stem cell defects in DM1 and opens a therapeutic avenue that targets these defective cells to restore myogenesis.
Circulating trans fatty acids are associated with prostate cancer in Ghanaian and American men
Authors: Minas Tsion Zewdu , Lord Brittany D. , Zhang Amy L. , Candia Julián , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Baker Francine S. , Tang Wei , Bailey-Whyte Maeve , Smith Cheryl J. , Obadi Obadi M. , Ajao Anuoluwapo , Jordan Symone V. , Tettey Yao , Biritwum Richard B. , Adjei Andrew A. , Mensah James E. , Hoover Robert N. , Hsing Ann W. , Liu Jia , Loffredo Christopher A. , Yates Clayton , Cook Michael B. , Ambs Stefan
Published: July 2023

The association between fatty acids and prostate cancer remains poorly explored in African-descent populations. Here, we analyze 24 circulating fatty acids in 2934 men, including 1431 prostate cancer cases and 1503 population controls from Ghana and the United States, using CLIA-certified mass spectrometry-based assays. We investigate their associations with population groups (Ghanaian, African American, European American men), lifestyle factors, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genetic locus, and prostate cancer. Blood levels of circulating fatty acids vary significantly between the three population groups, particularly trans, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. FADS1/2 germline genetic variants and lifestyle factors explain some of the variation in fatty acid levels, with the FADS1/2 locus showing population-specific associations, suggesting differences in their control by germline genetic factors. All trans fatty acids, namely elaidic, palmitelaidic, and linoelaidic acids, associated with an increase in the odds of developing prostate cancer, independent of ancestry, geographic location, or potential confounders.
SIX1 and EWS/FLI1 co-regulate an anti-metastatic gene network in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Hughes Connor J. , Fields Kaiah M. , Danis Etienne P. , Hsu Jessica Y. , Neelakantan Deepika , Vincent Melanie Y. , Gustafson Annika L. , Oliphant Michael J. , Sreekanth Varsha , Zaberezhnyy Vadym , Costello James C. , Jedlicka Paul , Ford Heide L.
Published: July 2023

Ewing sarcoma (ES), which is characterized by the presence of oncogenic fusion proteins such as EWS/FLI1, is an aggressive pediatric malignancy with a high rate of early dissemination and poor outcome after distant spread. Here we demonstrate that the SIX1 homeoprotein, whichenhancesmetastasis in most tumor types, suppresses ES metastasis by co-regulating EWS/FLI1 target genes. Like EWS/FLI1, SIX1 promotes cell growth/transformation, yet dramatically inhibits migration and invasion, as well as metastasis in vivo. We show that EWS/FLI1 promotes SIX1 protein expression, and that the two proteins share genome-wide binding profiles and transcriptional regulatory targets, including many metastasis-associated genes such as integrins, which they co-regulate. We further show that SIX1 downregulation of integrins is critical to its ability to inhibit invasion, a key characteristic of metastatic cells. These data demonstrate an unexpected anti-metastatic function for SIX1, through coordinate gene regulation with the key oncoprotein in ES, EWS/FLI1.
Spatially controlled construction of assembloids using bioprinting
Authors: Roth Julien G. , Brunel Lucia G. , Huang Michelle S. , Liu Yueming , Cai Betty , Sinha Sauradeep , Yang Fan , Pașca Sergiu P. , Shin Sungchul , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: July 2023

The biofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) tissues that recapitulate organ-specific architecture and function would benefit from temporal and spatial control of cell-cell interactions. Bioprinting, while potentially capable of achieving such control, is poorly suited to organoids with conserved cytoarchitectures that are susceptible to plastic deformation. Here, we develop a platform, termed Spatially Patterned Organoid Transfer (SPOT), consisting of an iron-oxide nanoparticle laden hydrogel and magnetized 3D printer to enable the controlled lifting, transport, and deposition of organoids. We identify cellulose nanofibers as both an ideal biomaterial for encasing organoids with magnetic nanoparticles and a shear-thinning, self-healing support hydrogel for maintaining the spatial positioning of organoids to facilitate the generation of assembloids. We leverage SPOT to create precisely arranged assembloids composed of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural organoids and patient-derived glioma organoids. In doing so, we demonstrate the potential for the SPOT platform to construct assembloids which recapitulate key developmental processes and disease etiologies.
Covalent organic frameworks for direct photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water, air and sunlight
Authors: Liu Fuyang , Zhou Peng , Hou Yanghui , Tan Hao , Liang Yin , Liang Jialiang , Zhang Qing , Guo Shaojun , Tong Meiping , Ni Jinren
Published: July 2023

Solar-driven photosynthesis is a sustainable process for the production of hydrogen peroxide, the efficiency of which is plagued by side reactions. Metal-free covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that can form suitable intermediates and inhibit side reactions show great promise to photo-synthesize H2O2. However, the insufficient formation and separation/transfer of photogenerated charges in such materials restricts the efficiency of H2O2production. Herein, we provide a strategy for the design of donor-acceptor COFs to greatly boost H2O2photosynthesis. We demonstrate that the optimal intramolecular polarity of COFs, achieved by using suitable amounts of phenyl groups as electron donors, can maximize the free charge generation, which leads to high H2O2yield rates (605 μmol g−1h−1) from water, oxygen and visible light without sacrificial agents. Combining in-situ characterization with computational calculations, we describe how the triazine N-sites with optimal N2pstates play a crucial role in H2O activation and selective oxidation into H2O2. We further experimentally demonstrate that H2O2can be efficiently produced in tap, river or sea water with natural sunlight and air for water decontamination.
A signal peptide peptidase is required for ER-symbiosome proximal association and protein secretion
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhai Niu , Chen Yuhui , Wang Luying , Chen Rujin , Pan Huairong
Published: July 2023

During legume-rhizobia symbiosis, differentiation of the symbiosome (engulfed intracellular rhizobia) is necessary for successful nitrogen fixation. To control symbiosome differentiation, host cell subcellular components, e.g., ER (endoplasmic reticulum), must adapt robustly to ensure large-scale host protein secretion to the new organelle. However, the key components controlling the adaption of ER in nodule cells remain elusive. We report that Medicago BID1, a nodule-specific signal peptide peptidase (SPP), is central to ER structural dynamics and host protein secretion. In bid1, symbiosome differentiation is blocked. BID1 localizes specifically to the ER membrane and expresses exclusively in nodule cells with symbiosomes. In the wild type ER forms proximal association structures with symbiosomes, but not in bid1. Consequently, in bid1 excessive ER stress responses are induced and ER-to-symbiosome protein secretion is impaired. In summary, a nodule-specific SPP is necessary for ER-symbiosome proximal association, host protein secretion, and symbiosome differentiation.
Nucleus reuniens transiently synchronizes memory networks at beta frequencies
Authors: Jayachandran Maanasa , Viena Tatiana D. , Garcia Andy , Veliz Abdiel Vasallo , Leyva Sofia , Roldan Valentina , Vertes Robert P. , Allen Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Episodic memory-based decision-making requires top-down medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal interactions. This integrated prefrontal-hippocampal memory state is thought to be organized by synchronized network oscillations and mediated by connectivity with the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE). Whether and how the RE synchronizes prefrontal-hippocampal networks in memory, however, remains unknown. Here, we recorded local field potentials from the prefrontal-RE-hippocampal network while rats engaged in a nonspatial sequence memory task, thereby isolating memory-related activity from running-related oscillations. We found that synchronous prefrontal-hippocampal beta bursts (15–30 Hz) dominated during memory trials, whereas synchronous theta activity (6–12 Hz) dominated during non-memory–related running. Moreover, RE beta activity appeared first, followed by prefrontal and hippocampal synchronized beta, suggesting that prefrontal-hippocampal beta could be driven by the RE. To test whether the RE is capable of driving prefrontal-hippocampal beta synchrony, we used an optogenetic approach (retroAAV-ChR2). RE activation induced prefrontal-hippocampal beta coherence and reduced theta coherence, matching the observed memory-driven network state in the sequence task. These findings are the first to demonstrate that the RE contributes to memory by driving transient synchronized beta in the prefrontal-hippocampal system, thereby facilitating interactions that underlie memory-based decision-making.
Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of RSV infections in infants during two nirsevimab randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ahani Bahar , Tuffy Kevin M. , Aksyuk Anastasia A. , Wilkins Deidre , Abram Michael E. , Dagan Ron , Domachowske Joseph B. , Guest Johnathan D. , Ji Hong , Kushnir Anna , Leach Amanda , Madhi Shabir A. , Mankad Vaishali S. , Simões Eric A. F. , Sparklin Benjamin , Speer Scott D. , Stanley Ann Marie , Tabor David E. , Hamrén Ulrika Wählby , Kelly Elizabeth J. , Villafana Tonya
Published: July 2023

Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein. During the Phase 2b (NCT02878330) and MELODY (NCT03979313) clinical trials, infants received one dose of nirsevimab or placebo before their first RSV season. In this pre-specified analysis, isolates from RSV infections were subtyped, sequenced and analyzed for nirsevimab binding site substitutions; subsequently, recombinant RSVs were engineered for microneutralization susceptibility testing. Here we show that the frequency of infections caused by subtypes A and B is similar across and within the two trials. In addition, RSV A had one and RSV B had 10 fusion protein substitutions occurring at >5% frequency. Notably, RSV B binding site substitutions were rare, except for the highly prevalent I206M:Q209R, which increases nirsevimab susceptibility; RSV B isolates from two participants had binding site substitutions that reduce nirsevimab susceptibility. Overall, >99% of isolates from the Phase 2b and MELODY trials retained susceptibility to nirsevimab.
Opposing gene regulatory programs governing myofiber development and maturation revealed at single nucleus resolution
Authors: Dos Santos Matthieu , Shah Akansha M. , Zhang Yichi , Bezprozvannaya Svetlana , Chen Kenian , Xu Lin , Lin Weichun , McAnally John R. , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Liu Ning , Olson Eric N.
Published: July 2023

Skeletal muscle fibers express distinct gene programs during development and maturation, but the underlying gene regulatory networks that confer stage-specific myofiber properties remain unknown. To decipher these distinctive gene programs and how they respond to neural activity, we generated a combined multi-omic single-nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq atlas of mouse skeletal muscle development at multiple stages of embryonic, fetal, and postnatal life. We found that Myogenin, Klf5, and Tead4 form a transcriptional complex that synergistically activates the expression of muscle genes in developing myofibers. During myofiber maturation, the transcription factor Maf acts as a transcriptional switch to activate the mature fast muscle gene program. In skeletal muscles of mutant mice lacking voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav1.1), Maf expression and myofiber maturation are impaired. These findings provide a transcriptional atlas of muscle development and reveal genetic links between myofiber formation, maturation, and contraction.
Biodegradable polyphosphoester micelles act as both background-free 31P magnetic resonance imaging agents and drug nanocarriers
Authors: Koshkina Olga , Rheinberger Timo , Flocke Vera , Windfelder Anton , Bouvain Pascal , Hamelmann Naomi M. , Paulusse Jos M. J. , Gojzewski Hubert , Flögel Ulrich , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: July 2023

In vivo monitoring of polymers is crucial for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a whole-body imaging technique, and heteronuclear MRI allows quantitative imaging. However, MRI agents can result in environmental pollution and organ accumulation. To address this, we introduce biocompatible and biodegradable polyphosphoesters, as MRI-traceable polymers using the 31P centers in the polymer backbone. We overcome challenges in 31P MRI, including background interference and low sensitivity, by modifying the molecular environment of 31P, assembling polymers into colloids, and tailoring the polymers’ microstructure to adjust MRI-relaxation times. Specifically, gradient-type polyphosphonate-copolymers demonstrate improved MRI-relaxation times compared to homo- and block copolymers, making them suitable for imaging. We validate background-free imaging and biodegradation in vivo using Manduca sexta. Furthermore, encapsulating the potent drug PROTAC allows using these amphiphilic copolymers to simultaneously deliver drugs, enabling theranostics. This first report paves the way for polyphosphoesters as background-free MRI-traceable polymers for theranostic applications.
A detailed land use/land cover map for the European Alps macro region
Authors: Marsoner Thomas , Simion Heidi , Giombini Valentina , Egarter Vigl Lukas , Candiago Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Spatially and thematically detailed land use maps are of special importance to study and manage populated mountain regions. Due to the complex terrain, high elevational gradients as well as differences in land demand, these regions are characterized by a high density of different land uses that form heterogeneous landscapes. Here, we present a new highly detailed land use/landcover map for the areas included in the European Strategy for the Alpine Region. The map has a spatial resolution of up to 5 m and a temporal extent from 2015 to 2020. It was created by aggregating 15 high-resolution layers resulting in 65 land use/cover classes. The overall map accuracy was assessed at 88.8%. The large number of land use classes and the high spatial resolution allow an easy customization of the map for research and management purposes, making it useable by a broad audience for various applications. Our map shows that by combining theme specific “high-resolution” land use products to build a comprehensive land use/land cover map, a high thematic and spatial detail can be achieved.
Comparison of goat and cow milk-derived extracellular vesicle miRNomes
Authors: Krupova Zuzana , Leroux Christine , Péchoux Christine , Bevilacqua Claudia , Martin Patrice
Published: July 2023

miRNAs present in milk are mainly found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanosized membrane vesicles released by most of the cell types to ensure intercellular communication. The majority of the studies performed so far on these vesicles have been conducted on human and cow’s milk and focused on their miRNA content. The objectives of this study were to profile the miRNA content of purified EVs from five healthy goats and to compare their miRNome to those obtained from five healthy cows, at an early stage of lactation. EV populations were morphologically characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The presence of EV protein markers checked by Western blotting and the absence of contamination of preparations by milk proteins. The size distribution and concentration of bovine and goat milk-derived EVs were similar. RNA-sequencing were performed, and all sequences were mapped to the cow genome identifying a total of 295 miRNAs. This study reports for the first-time a goat miRNome from milk EVs and its validation using cow miRNomes.
Validity of two weight prediction models for community-living patients participating in a weight loss program
Authors: Dent Robert , Harris Neil , van Walraven Carl
Published: July 2023

Models predicting individual body weights over time clarify patient expectations in weight loss programs. The accuracy of two commonly used weight prediction models in community living people is unclear. All eligible people entering a weight management program between 1992 and 2015 were included. Patients’ diet was 1200 kcal/day for week 0 followed by 900 kcal/day for weeks 1–7 and were excluded from the analysis if they were nonadherent. We generated expected weights using the National Institutes of Health Body Weight Planner (NIH-BWP) and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center Weight Loss Predictor (PBRC-WLP). 3703 adherent people were included (mean age 46 years, 72.6% women, mean [SD] weight 262.3 pounds [54.2], mean [SD] BMI 42.4 [7.6]). Mean (SD) relative body weight differences (100*[observed−expected]/expected) for NIH-BWP and PBRC-WLP models was − 1.5% (3.8) and − 2.9% (3.2), respectively. At week 7, mean squared error with NIH-BWP (98.8, 83%CI 89.7–108.8) was significantly lower than that with PBRC-WLP (117.7, 83%CI 112.4–123.4). Notable variation in relative weight difference were seen (for NIH-BWP, 5th–95th percentile was − 6.2%, + 3.7%; Δ 9.9%). During the first 7 weeks of a weight loss program, both weight prediction models returned expected weights that were very close to observed values with the NIH-BWP being more accurate. However, notable variability between expected and observed weights in individual patients were seen. Clinicians can monitor patients in weight loss programs by comparing their progress with these data.
Morphology engineering induces the increase of FeP/CoP heterointerface density for efficient alkaline water splitting driven by interfacial dual active sites
Authors: Du Yunmei , Zhan Lu , Liu Yanru , Chen Ruixin , Fu Yunlei , Li Bin , Wang Lei
Published: July 2023

The FeP/CoP electrocatalysts with different hetero-boundary densities were constructed using a morphology control strategy. Stimulated by ample interfacial active sites, FeP/CoP nano-mulberries (FeP/CoP NMs) displayed a promising AWS performance.
Hydrous pyrolysis of glucose using a rapid pulsed reaction technique
Authors: Baniamerian Hamed , Høj Martin , Beier Matthias Josef , Jensen Anker Degn
Published: July 2023

A pulsed chromatographic method is proposed for rapid investigation of the effect of operating parameters on the product distribution from hydrous pyrolysis of sugars. This technique also provided insights into the reaction pathways of the process.
Tidying up the conformational ensemble of a disordered peptide by computational prediction of spectroscopic fingerprints
Authors: Michaelis Monika , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mensch Carl , Perry Carole C. , Delle Piane Massimo , Colombi Ciacchi Lucio
Published: July 2023

Pairing experiments with simulations, we predict spectroscopic fingerprints, enhancing understanding of disordered peptides' conformational ensembles. This helps rationalize elusive structure-spectra relationships for these peptides and proteins.
Δ2 machine learning for reaction property prediction
Authors: Zhao Qiyuan , Anstine Dylan M. , Isayev Olexandr , Savoie Brett M.
Published: July 2023

Newly developed Δ2-learning models enable state-of-the-art accuracy in predicting the properties of chemical reactions.
An equivariant generative framework for molecular graph-structure Co-design
Authors: Zhang Zaixi , Liu Qi , Lee Chee-Kong , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Chen Enhong
Published: July 2023

MolCode is a roto-translation equivariant generative framework for molecular 2D graph-3D structure Co-design.
Consommation d’eau : le poids très relatif des réacteurs nucléaires
Authors: Hanine Ilyas
Published: July 2023

L’été 2023 s’annonce encore très chaud après un mois de juin particulièrement sec. L’occasion pour la Sfen de publier une étude sur les prélèvements et la consommation d’eau des centrales nucléaires en France.
Shifting into Action: from Data Segmentation to Equitable Interoperability for Adolescents (and Everyone Else)
Authors: Sarabu Chethan , Sharko Marianne , Petersen Carolyn , Galvin Hannah
Published: July 2023

Background Technological improvements and, subsequently, the federal 21st Century Cures Act have resulted in increased access to and interoperability of electronic protected health information (ePHI). These not only have many benefits, but also have created unique challenges for privacy and confidentiality for adolescent patients. The inability to granularly protect sensitive data and a lack of standards have resulted in limited confidentiality protection and inequitable access to health information.

Objectives This study aimed to understand the challenges to safe, equitable access, and interoperability of ePHI for adolescents and to identify strategies that have been developed, ongoing needs, and work in progress.

Methods Shift, a national task force formalized in 2020, is a group of more than 200 expert stakeholder members working to improve functionality to standardize efforts to granularly identify and protect sensitive ePHI to promote equitable interoperability.

Results Shift has created high-priority clinical use cases and organized challenges into the areas of Standards and Terminology; Usability and Implementation; and Ethics, Legal, and Policy.

Conclusion Current technical standards and value sets of terminology for sensitive data have been immature and inconsistent. Shift, a national diverse working group of stakeholders, is addressing challenges inherent in the protection of privacy and confidentiality for adolescent patients. The diversity of expertise and perspectives has been essential to identify and address these challenges.
Medical Research Productivity and Barriers from the Perspective of Faculty Members at the University of Tripoli
Authors: Atia Ahmed , Mohammed Safa , Mohammed Marwa , Alhemmali Ghofran , Fayad Samah
Published: July 2023

Background University-based research is critical for primary care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Libya. The current study was aimed at exploring the research productivity and potential barriers among academic medical staff at the University of Tripoli, Libya.

Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was done at the University of Tripoli for the period from November 2022 to March 2023 to determine health research barriers among staff members in different medical faculties. Data collected included participant's demographics, years of experience as a faculty member, workplace, academic status, highest educational qualification, education type, and number of research studies published. Data also contained questions around personal, access, administrative, and resource barriers to and facilitators of research activity.

Results A total of 132 questionnaires were distributed by the authors, of which only 102 were successfully answered, giving a response rate of 76%. The majority of participants 49 (48.04%) conducted a cross-sectional study, followed by 34 (33.3%) who carried out a review study. The most important reason of doing research was to improve knowledge of the field (62.75%), while 77.47% stated that they made use of and were comfortable using advanced technology in their research activities. The top barriers to research were a lack of financial support (76 [74.51%]), followed by the complex publication process (43 [42.16%]). Lack of writing skills (4 [3.92%]) was the bottom perceived barrier.

Conclusion Faculty members at the University of Tripoli face various barriers that can impede their productivity in medical research, such as a lack of resources, and limited research opportunities. These factors, combined with a lack of support from administrators, can lead to low morale and a lack of motivation among faculty members, which can further inhibit their research productivity.
Common Causes and Risk Factors for Neonatal Death in NICU in Tobruk Medical Center between July 2018 and July 2019, Libya
Authors: Altarhouni Eman F.A. , Mohamed Zinelabedin , Alhouni Nama
Published: July 2023

Background Of the 130 million babies born worldwide each year, an estimated 4 million die during the neonatal period. Of the total global neonatal mortality, 99% occurs in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa and South Asia. The current study was designed to calculate the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), analyze the causes of neonatal deaths, and examine risk factors contributing to neonatal deaths in the neonatal unit of Tobruk Medical Center (TMC).

Methods A case-control study was conducted on 180 newborns divided into two groups admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the same day of delivery. The first group included 90 newborns who died before day 28 and the second group included 90 newborns who survived until the time of discharge and were selected randomly. The data of the patients were collected from the medical records of newborns admitted to the neonatal unit at TMC between July 2018 and July 2019. All data in this study were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States).

Results The NMR among the studied neonates was 12.3 per 1,000 live births, and the death rate was 16.36% per 1,000 admissions. The most common causes of mortality were premature birth (55, 61%), birth asphyxia (18, 20%), and congenital anomalies (10, 11.2%). Less than 50% of the dead patients were on a mechanical ventilator. Premature birth and low birth weight patients are strong predictors of neonatal mortality; normal vaginal delivery had a higher risk of mortality than the other methods of delivery. Gender, maternal blood group, maternal age, and past obstetrical and medical history had no positive correlation with mortality except for antepartum hemorrhage.

Conclusions The study found that the rate of neonatal mortality is similar to that of other hospitals in developing countries and the most common cause of neonatal death was premature birth, and premature birth and low birth weight were the main risk factors for death.
Nanoelectromechanical systems from two-dimensional materials
Authors: Ferrari Paolo F. , Kim SunPhil , van der Zande Arend M.
Published: July 2023

Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems have numerous applications in sensing and signal transduction. Many properties benefit from reducing the system size to the nanoscale, such as increased responsivity, enhanced tunability, lower power consumption, and higher spatial density. Two-dimensional (2D) materials represent the ultimate limit of thickness, offering unprecedented new capabilities due to their natural nanoscale dimensions, high stability, high mechanical strength, and easy electronic integration. Here, we review the primary design principles, properties, applications, opportunities, and challenges of 2D materials as the building blocks of NEMS (2D NEMS) with a focus on nanomechanical resonators. First, we review the techniques used to design, fabricate, and transduce the motion of 2D NEMS. Then, we describe the dynamic behavior of 2D NEMS including vibrational eigenmodes, frequency, nonlinear behavior, and dissipation. We highlight the crucial features of 2D NEMS that enhance or expand the functionalities found in conventional NEMS, such as high tunability and rich nonlinear dynamics. Next, we overview the demonstrated applications of 2D NEMS as sensors and actuators, comparing their performance metrics to those of commercial MEMS. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future directions of 2D NEMS, such as hybrid quantum systems, integration of active 2D layers into nanomechanical devices, and low-friction interfaces in micromachines.
Multilayer films of graphene oxide and polymeric microgels: reusable adsorbents
Authors: Xu Shihan , Li Dehuai , Zhu Yu , Guo Jiaxiang , Ai Yuqin , Chu Qingyun , Yun Xinyu , Li Xiaozhou , Wang Lin
Published: July 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) has arisen as an effective adsorbent for water treatment owing to its high removal efficiency for water pollutants. However, separating GO adsorbents from the pollutant solution is difficult after adsorption. The GO adsorbents are unsuitable for various dyes, and can only remove cationic dyes from an aqueous solution. To address these issues, this study utilized a simple and cost-effective layer-by-layer assembly technique to deposit multilayer films onto solid substrates. These films were composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)–dextran (PAHD) microgels and GO, and were designed to be highly effective while remaining affordable. The PAHD/GO multilayer films obtained produced an effortless separation process and demonstrated exceptional adsorption capabilities for cationic, anionic and non-ionic dyes. Specifically, the adsorption capacities for carmine and mulberry red were notably high, measuring 337.4 and 417.7 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, the PAHD/GO multilayer films could be regenerated well in sodium chloride solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of dyes on the PAHD/GO multilayer films were also studied. Thanks to the straightforward manufacturing process and outstanding adsorption capabilities of PAHD/GO multilayer films, this study presents a significant opportunity to advance the practical application of GO in water treatment.
Flexible humidity sensor for smart agricultural applications
Authors: Tekcin Meltem , Tuzer Hamzaoglu Damla Rabia , Kursun Senem
Published: July 2023

In order to meet the increasing food demand, sensors that measure the ambient temperature and humidity in greenhouses are needed for more efficient vegetable and fruit production. For this purpose, two different flexible and resistant textile-based humidity sensors that can measure the humidity at higher levels (80%, 90%, and 100% relative humidity (RH)) were designed and printed directly on the four different greenhouse fabrics using silver and carbon conductive inks. Depending on the humidity value in the environment, the sensor performance was tested based on sensor electrical resistance measurements with respect to repeated bending/cyclic tests, rubbing, ultraviolet (UV) exposure/ weatherability (against UV and raining) tests in order to simulate greenhouse conditions for smart agriculture. Despite applying 1024 bending cycles, up to 20 rubbing cycles, and 10 times UV and rain exposure to the humidity sensors at high RH, no significant change was detected in the resistance values of the humidity sensors. Moreover, some important features of the sensors such as hysteresis, repeatability, response time have been also examined. According to hysteresis test results, humidity sensors show acceptable dynamic response and response time of the sensors are 15.8, 17.3, 24.8, and 25 s at 100% RH for G2S, W1S, B2C, and W1C, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that the sensor designs and type of conductive inks had significant effects on the performance of the humidity sensors and the best sensor performance was obtained with the polypropylene coated fabric using design II and silver based conductive ink. The fabricated textile based flexible humidity sensors detect the change in RH levels from 80% RH to 100% RH and achieve good durability, and repeatability even after prolonged UV exposure and raining. Thus, the developed textile-based flexible humidity sensor might be useful for future smart agricultural applications.
Cardiovascular events in patients treated with bempedoic acid vs. placebo: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mutschlechner David , Tscharre Maximilian , Huber Kurt , Gremmel Thomas
Published: July 2023

Aims

Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreases cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Bempedoic acid represents a promising novel lipid-modifying agent for patients who cannot reach guideline recommended LDL-C goals or statin-intolerant patients, but data on safety and cardiovascular outcomes are limited. We therefore aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials investigating bempedoic acid vs. placebo in patients with hyperlipidaemia.

Methods

A systematic search on the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until 20 March 2023 was performed. All randomized trials comparing bempedoic acid (180 mg daily) with placebo in patients with an indication for lipid-lowering therapy were included. As a primary endpoint, we analysed three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The analysis was carried out using the odds ratio (OR) as the outcome measure. Due to the expected heterogeneity across studies, a random-effects model was fitted to the data.

Results

Out of 258 manuscripts, 10 manuscripts fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total, these trials included 18 200 patients (9765 on bempedoic acid, 8435 on placebo). Bempedoic acid significantly reduced MACEs compared with placebo (OR 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.96]; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%). The endpoint reduction was driven by a lower rate of non-fatal MI, whereas bempedoic acid had no significant effect on stroke (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.69–1.08]; P = 0.20, I2 = 0%) and all-cause mortality (OR 1.19 [95% CI 0.73–1.93]; P = 0.49; I2 = 18%).

Conclusion

Bempedoic acid reduced non-fatal MI in patients with hyperlipidaemia, whereas it had no significant effect on stroke and all-cause mortality.
Abdominal wall necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of strangulated hernia - an ominous consequence of a preventable scenario
Authors: Lahham Elias Edward , Albandak Maram , Ayyad Mohammed , AlQadi Mohammad
Published: July 2023

The incidence rate of abdominal wall necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is low; however, it carries a high mortality rate. It can arise as a complication of a strangulated hernia, where a part of the intestine becomes trapped and deprived of its blood supply. Rarely, this can result in abdominal wall fasciitis, which carries a grim prognosis. Timely debridement, however, has been shown to yield improved outcomes. Here, we report our experience with a 53-y-old morbidly obese patient who presented with colicky abdominal pain lasting for 1 week, progressively worsening and becoming constant. She also exhibited symptoms of fever, constipation, vomiting and anorexia. Furthermore, there was an infected wound measuring 20 cm × 13 cm along the midline of the abdomen. Imaging studies revealed indications of small bowel obstruction. This case describes a unique presentation of strangulated incisional hernia complicated by NF of the anterior abdominal wall, successfully managed with surgery.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Cryptoccocal Antigenemia Among Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Eastern Uganda: A Facility-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Eric Ebonu , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Bwayo Denis , Meya David , Katuramu Richard
Published: July 2023

Background

Cryptoccocal infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease (AHD). In resource-limited settings, there is a paucity of data on cryptoccocal infections. We described the prevalence and factors associated with cryptoccocal antigenemia among people with AHD in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of adults with AHD were collected, and factors associated with cryptoccocal antigenemia were determined using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

We enrolled 228 participants with a median CD4 cell count of 194/µL (interquartile range, 129–370/µL). The prevalence of cryptoccocal antigen was 10 in 228 (4.4% [95% confidence interval, 2.4%–80%]). CD4 cell counts <100/µL (adjusted odds ratio, 3.70) and poultry keeping were risk factors. The main predictors were headaches (adjusted odds ratio, 1), neck pains (8.817), confusion (6.323), and neck stiffness (676.217). No notable significant associations were found in the multivariate analysis

Conclusions

The prevalence of cryptoccocal antigen was 4.4%, and antiretroviral therapy was protective.
Compliance with the Golden Hour bundle in deliveries attended by a specialized neonatal transport team compared with staff at non-tertiary centres
Authors: Shahroor Maher , Whyte-Lewis Andrew , Mak Wendy , Liriano Bridget , Jasani Bonny , Lee Kyong-Soon
Published: July 2023

Background

Preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age (GA) have increased morbidity if they are born outside tertiary centres (outborn). Stabilization and resuscitation after birth consistent with the neonatal Golden Hour practices (NGHP) are required to optimize outcomes.

Objectives

To evaluate physiological outcomes of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia, and compliance with NGHP by neonatal transport team (NTT) compared with referral hospital team (RHT) during the stabilization of infants born at <32 weeks GA.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study of infants born at <32 weeks GA during 2016–2019 at non-tertiary perinatal centres where the NTT attended the delivery (cases) were matched to infants where the RHT team attended the delivery (controls).

Results

During the 4-year period, NTT team received 437 requests to attend deliveries at <32 weeks GA and attended 76 (17%) prior to delivery. These cases were matched 1:1 with controls composed of deliveries attended by the RHT. The rate of hypothermia was 15% versus 29% in the NTT and RHT groups, respectively (P = 0.01). The rate of hypoglycaemia (<2.2 mmol/L) was 5% versus 12% in the NTT and RHT groups, respectively (P = 0.64). For compliance with the NGHP, use of fluid boluses was 8% versus 33%, use of thermoregulation practices, that is, plastic bag, was 76% versus 21%, and establishment of intravenous access was 20 min versus 47 min, in the NTT and RHT groups, respectively.

Conclusions

High-risk preterm deliveries attended by the NTT compared with the RHT had increased compliance and earlier implementation of the NGHP elements, associated with improved physiological stability and lower hypothermia rates. Outreach education for RHT should ensure that these key elements are included during the training in the stabilization of high-risk preterm deliveries.
Misophonia: A Review of the Literature and Its Implications for the Social Work Profession
Authors: Holohan Daniel , Marfilius Kenneth , Smith Carrie J
Published: July 2023

Misophonia is a chronic condition that describes aversion to specific auditory stimuli. Misophonia is characterized by physiological responsivity and negative emotional reactivity. Specific sounds, commonly referred to as “triggers,” are often commonplace and sometimes repetitive. They include chewing, coughing, slurping, keyboard tapping, and pen clicking. Common emotional responses include rage, disgust, anxiety, and panic while physical responses include muscle constriction and increased heart rate. This literature review identifies research priorities, limitations, and new directions, examining the implications of misophonia for the social work profession. Misophonia is largely absent from the social work literature. However, the profession is uniquely equipped to understand, screen for, and effectively treat misophonia in direct practice or within interprofessional treatment teams. By conceptualizing misophonia as idiosyncratic and contextual, social workers would enhance the existing body of research by applying an ecological perspective which captures the interaction of individuals and environments in producing human experience. Such an approach would assist clients and clinicians in developing treatment plans that consider the roles of social and physical environments in the development and course of misophonia. A discussion of current limitations within the misophonia literature further emphasizes the need for new perspectives.
Perceptions of Job Hazards and Requests for Accommodation Among Pregnant Women in a Large Urban Hospital System
Authors: Tannis Candace , Schanzer Ariana , Milbank Elizabeth , Afzal Omara , Meyer John
Published: July 2023

Background

Many pregnant women remain uninformed about job accommodation options or have not been empowered to ask their employers.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of a sample base of pregnant women from late first through third trimester was conducted. Associations between job perception variables, work characteristics, race/ethnicity, and income were assessed using binary logistic regression.

Results

Workers in service/support occupations were twice as likely as those in management to perceive need for job duty change and to request job accommodation. Perception of needed job change was higher when jobs had high physical demands and low substantive complexity.

Conclusions

We found positive relationships between highly physical work, perception of harm, and need for job change in pregnancy. Further research could explore worker/employer characteristics explaining why these perceptions did not translate into requesting and receiving job accommodation during pregnancy.