bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sea Turtle Conservation: an interview
Authors: Shanker Kartik
Published: August 2017

Kartik Shanker is a biologist at the Centre for Ecological Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He has published on sea turtle biology and marine conservation and is the immediate past President of the International Sea Turtle Society. He edits the journal Conservation and Society, based in India and offering analyses of global conservation politics and ecology which foreground the perspectives of the global South. This journal focuses on communication not only between researchers and advocates working in the ecological sciences and in social science and humanities, but in fostering communication between academic researchers on the one hand and community and NGO audiences on the other.

This interview was conducted by Nick McClean during Kartik’s visit to Sydney for the Cities Nature Justice conference, held 10 – 12 December, 2008, at the University of Technology Sydney. Nick McClean is currently undertaking PhD research at ANU on comparative approaches to conservation in Australia and India.
Operation Bluetongue: immigrants, nature and belonging
Authors: Mendes Leandro
Published: August 2017

Leandro Mendes is an activist and educator who coordinated Operation Bluetongue, a program which addressed the interaction between recently arrived migrants and the natural environment in urban Sydney. This is an edited transcript of the talk he delivered to the Cities Nature Justice conference, December 2009, followed by questions and answers.
Modeling atmospheric mineral aerosol chemistry to predict heterogeneous photooxidation of SO2
Authors: Yu Zechen , Jang Myoseon , Park Jiyeon
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The photocatalytic ability of airborne mineral dust particles is known to heterogeneously promote SO2 oxidation, but prediction of this phenomenon is not fully taken into account by current models. In this study, the Atmospheric Mineral Aerosol Reaction (AMAR) model was developed to capture the influence of air-suspended mineral dust particles on sulfate formation in various environments. In the model, SO2 oxidation proceeds in three phases including the gas phase, the inorganic-salted aqueous phase (non-dust phase), and the dust phase. Dust chemistry is described as the absorption–desorption kinetics of SO2 and NOx (partitioning between the gas phase and the multilayer coated dust). The reaction of absorbed SO2 on dust particles occurs via two major paths: autoxidation of SO2 in open air and photocatalytic mechanisms under UV light. The kinetic mechanism of autoxidation was first leveraged using controlled indoor chamber data in the presence of Arizona Test Dust (ATD) particles without UV light, and then extended to photochemistry. With UV light, SO2 photooxidation was promoted by surface oxidants (OH radicals) that are generated via the photocatalysis of semiconducting metal oxides (electron–hole theory) of ATD particles. This photocatalytic rate constant was derived from the integration of the combinational product of the dust absorbance spectrum and wave-dependent actinic flux for the full range of wavelengths of the light source. The predicted concentrations of sulfate and nitrate using the AMAR model agreed well with outdoor chamber data that were produced under natural sunlight. For seven consecutive hours of photooxidation of SO2 in an outdoor chamber, dust chemistry at the low NOx level was attributed to 55 % of total sulfate (56 ppb SO2, 290 µg m−3 ATD, and NOx less than 5 ppb). At high NOx ( >  50 ppb of NOx with low hydrocarbons), sulfate formation was also greatly promoted by dust chemistry, but it was suppressed by the competition between NO2 and SO2, which both consume the dust-surface oxidants (OH radicals or ozone).
Modelling carbonaceous aerosol from residential solid fuel burning
with different assumptions for emissions
Authors: Ots Riinu , Heal Mathew R. , Young Dominique E. , Williams Leah R. , Allan James D. , Nemitz Eiko , Di Marco Chiara , Detournay Anais , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Coe Hugh , Herndon Scott C. , Mackenzie Ian A. , Green David C. , Kuenen Jeroen J. P. , Reis Stefan , Vieno Massimo
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Evidence is accumulating that emissions of primary particulate matter (PM) from residential solid fuel combustion in the UK may be underestimated and/or spatially misclassified. In this study, different assumptions for the spatial distribution and total emission of PM from solid fuel (wood and coal) burning in the UK were tested using an atmospheric chemical transport model. Modelled concentrations of the PM components were compared with measurements from aerosol mass spectrometers at four sites in central and Greater London (ClearfLo campaign, 2012), as well as with measurements from the UK black carbon network. The two main alternative emission scenarios modelled were Base4x and combRedist. For Base4x, officially reported PM2.5 from the residential and other non-industrial combustion source sector were increased by a factor of 4. For the combRedist experiment, half of the baseline emissions from this same source were redistributed by residential population density to simulate the effect of allocating some emissions to the smoke control areas (that are assumed in the national inventory to have no emissions from this source). The Base4x scenario yielded better daily and hourly correlations with measurements than the combRedist scenario for year-long comparisons of the solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) component at the two London sites, whereas the latter scenario better captured mean measured concentrations across all four sites. The modelled elemental carbon (EC) concentrations derived from the combRedist experiments also compared well with seasonal-average concentrations of black carbon observed across the network of UK sites. Together, the two model scenario simulations of SFOA and EC suggest both that residential solid-fuel emissions may be higher than inventory estimates and that the spatial distribution of residential solid-fuel burning emissions, particularly in smoke control areas, needs re-evaluation. The model results also suggest the assumed temporal profiles for residential emissions may require review to place greater emphasis on evening (including ‘discretionary’) solid-fuel burning.
Primary aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols budget over the Mediterranean basin during 2012 and 2013
Authors: Guth Jonathan , Marécal Virginie , Josse Béatrice , Arteta Joaquim
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In the frame of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx), we analyse the budget of primary aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols over the Mediterranean basin during the years 2012 and 2013. To do this, we use a two-years long numerical simulation with the Chemistry-Transport Model MOCAGE validated against satellite and ground based measurements. The budget is presented on an annual and a monthly basis on a domain covering 29° North to 47° North latitude and 10° West to 38° East longitude. The years 2012 and 2013 show similar seasonal variations. The desert dust is the main contributor to the annual burden in the Mediterranean region with a peak in spring. The secondary inorganic aerosols, taken as a whole, also contribute significantly as well as sea salts. Sulphate aerosols have a maximum in summer and sea salts in winter, while nitrate and ammonium aerosols do not exhibit large seasonal changes. The results show that all the considered types of aerosols, except for sea salt aerosols, have a net import/export term that is negative, meaning that aerosols emitted and chemically produced within the domain are transported out, with high values for some of them. For example, around 40 % of the emitted black carbon are exported. The main sources of changes between 2012 and 2013 are wind variations acting on the desert dust emissions and the import of aerosols from North American fires. In order to assess the importance of the emissions of the marine and the coastal areas, we made a sensitivity test simulation. This simulation is similar to the first one but with the removal of the anthropogenic emissions over the sea and over a 50 km wide band inland along the coast. It shows that about a third of the aerosols emitted and chemically produced and about a half of the exported part in the Mediterranean basin originate from the marine and coastal area, meaning that anthropogenic air pollution from primary aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols in this region mainly comes from local emissions.
The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Lin Qinhao , Peng Long , Bi Xinhui , Chen Duohong , Li Mei , Li Lei , Brechtel Fred J. , Chen Jianxin , Yan Weijun , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping’an , Sheng Guoying , Zhou Zhen
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) particles, while a parallel PM2.5 inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles in a size range of 0.1–1.6 µm and the mass concentrations of BC in the cloud-free, RES and INT particles were investigated using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and two aethalometers, respectively, at a mountain site (1690 m a.s.l.) in southern China. The measured BC-containing particles were internally mixed extensively with sulfate, and were activated into cloud droplets to the same extent as all the measured particles. The results indicate the preferential activation of larger particles and/or that the production of secondary compositions shifts the BC-containing particles towards larger sizes. BC-containing particles with an abundance of both sulfate and organics were activated less than those with sulfate but limited organics, implying the importance of the mixing state on the incorporation of BC-containing particles into cloud droplets. The mass scavenging efficiency of BC with an average of 33 % was similar for different cloud events independent of the air mass. This is the first time that both the mixing state and cloud scavenging of BC in China have been reported. Since limited information on BC-containing particles in the free troposphere is available, the results also provide an important reference for the representation of BC concentrations, properties, and climate impacts in modeling studies.
Modeling water balance using the Budyko framework over variable timescales under diverse climates
Authors: Wu Chuanhao , Yeh Pat J.-F. , Xu Kai , Hu Bill X. , Huang Guoru , Wang Peng
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Understanding the effects of climate and catchment characteristics on overall water balance at different temporal scales remains a challenging task due to the large spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. Based on a long-term (1960–2008) land surface hydrologic dataset over China, this study presented a systematic examination of the applicability of the Budyko model (BM) under various climatic conditions at long-term mean annual, annual, seasonal and monthly temporal scales. The roles of water storage change (WSC, dS/dt) in water balance modeling and the dominant climate control factors on modeling errors of BM are investigated. The results indicate that BM performs well at mean annual scale and the performance in arid climates is better than humid climates. At other smaller timescales, BM is generally accurate in arid climates, but fails to capture dominant controls on water balance in humid climates due to the effects of WSC not included in BM. The accuracy of BM can be ranked from high to low as: dry seasonal, annual, monthly, and wet seasonal timescales. When WSC is incorporated into BM by replacing precipitation (P) with effective precipitation (i.e., P minus WSC), significant improvements are found in arid climates, but to a lesser extent in humid climates. The ratio of the standard deviation of WSC to that of evapotranspiration (E), which increases from arid to humid climates, is found to be the key indicator of the BM simulation errors due to the omission of the effect of WSC. The modeling errors of BM are positively correlated with the temporal variability of WSC and hence larger in humid climates, and also found to be proportional to the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (PET) to E. More sophisticated models than the BM which explicitly incorporate the effect of WSC are required to improve water balance modeling in humid climates particularly at all the annual, seasonal, and monthly timescales.
Halon-1301 – further evidence of its performance as an age tracer in New Zealand groundwater
Authors: Beyer Monique , Morgenstern Uwe , van der Raaij Rob , Martindale Heather
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We recently discovered a new groundwater age tracer, Halon-1301, which can be used to date groundwater recharged after the 1970s. In a previous study, we showed that Halon-1301 reliably inferred groundwater age at the majority of groundwater sites studied. At those sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agreed with those inferred from SF6 and tritium, two reliable widely applied groundwater age tracers. A few samples, however, showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, preventing meaningful age interpretation from its concentration. These reduced concentrations were likely a result of degradation or retardation of Halon-1301 in the aquifer. However, we could not provide full evidence for this due to the limited number of groundwater samples analysed (18 in total). In this study, we assess the potential of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer for a larger dataset of groundwater samples under specific groundwater conditions, including highly anoxic young groundwater which can significantly degrade Halon-1301, to gain more information on the magnitude of occurrence and the causes of reduced Halon-1301 concentrations. In this study, we analysed 302 groundwater samples for Halon-1301, SF6, tritium and the CFCs CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113. Comparison of age information inferred from the concentrations of these tracers allows assessment of the performance of Halon-1301 compared to other well established and widely used age tracers. The samples are taken from different groundwater environments in New Zealand and include anoxic and oxic waters with mean residence times ranging from < 2 years to over 150 years (tritium-free). The majority of assessed samples have reduced or elevated concentrations of CFCs, which makes it impossible to infer a reliable age using the CFCs for these samples. Halon-1301, however, reliably infers ages for CFC-contaminated waters. Three other groundwater samples were found to have elevated SF6 concentrations (contaminated). Again, at these SF6-contaminated sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agree with ages inferred from tritium. A few samples (14 sites) exhibit reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, which result in elevated inferred Halon-1301 ages in comparison to those inferred from SF6, tritium and/or CFC-113. Assessment of the groundwater environment at these sites gives further insight into the potential causes of Halon-1301 reduction in groundwater. Overall, Halon-1301 gives age information that matches ages inferred from SF6 and/or tritium for the majority (97 %) of the assessed groundwater sites. These findings suggest that Halon-1301 is a reasonably reliable groundwater age tracer, and is in particular significantly more reliable than the CFCs, which may have contamination and degradation problems. Halon-1301 thus has potential to become a useful groundwater age tracer where SF6 and the CFCs are compromised, and where additional independent tracers are needed to constrain complex mixing models.
The Effect of Teaching Cohesive Devices on IELTS Writing Task 2 of Iranian Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Kamelifar Leila
Published: August 2017

Obtaining good scores in IELTS has become a concern for many foreign language learners throughout the world. Therefore, any relevant research to pave the way of applicants' achievement may be considered significant. This study deals with an indispensable element of IELTS writing tasks as teaching cohesive devices and it verifies the effect on writing performance of IELTS task 2. To this end, 30 participants at intermediate level took an IELTS test writing task 2 as the pretest. Then, they went under a 10 session treatment program to learn cohesive devices. At the end, they took a parallel form of IELTS task 2. The scores were obtained. The inter-rater reliability was met. The results of the paired Samples T-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre and post- tests of the participants after being exposed to cohesive devices treatment.
Facilitation strategies used in e-learning by nurse educators in Rwanda
Authors: Harerimana Alexis , Mtshali Ntombifikile Gloria
Published: August 2017

Knowledge and skills for teachers to deliver course contents in an e-learning environment is essential. Information Communication Technology (ICT) is being increasingly used in tertiary education as it is flexible and offers many possibilities to meet the needs of a large number of learners. The implementation of e-learning platforms in Rwanda in 2012 for nursing and midwifery instruction has had a positive impact on the quality of nursing education. Educators' facilitation skills play an important role in motivating students in the computer-mediated learning environment. The aim of this paper is to explore the facilitation strategies used in e-learning by nurse educators in Rwanda. A non-experimental quantitative design was used, with 44 nurse educators from three campuses completing the research instruments. The results from this study indicated that the majority of the participants (84.1%) had the same vision of integrating ICT in teaching and learning as their colleagues, the institutional administration, and other staff. 97.7% used computers and/or the internet to prepare lesson and deliver instructions 95.5% reported using facilitation strategies of self-directed learning, 93.2% case studies, 88.6% group discussions, 81.8% small group activities, 72.7% formal lectures, 70.5% role play, 68.2% brainstorming, 63.6% situations of integration, and 63.6% videos. An average of 50% reported using research, and 43.2% workbooks. 27.3% used projects, 25% core lectures, and 11.4% Portfolio. E-learning requires a comprehensive approach of incorporating ICT in teaching and learning. The success of e-learning does not only depend on technological tools available, but also on the pedagogical design, with teachers being required to use innovative teaching approaches to deliver their course contents.
Posterior Glenohumeral Instability: Evidence-based Treatment
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: August 2017

Posterior glenohumeral instability is an increasingly important clinical finding in athletic patients. Over the last decade, basic and clinical research has improved our understanding of the pathoanatomy and biomechanics of this challenging disorder, as well as our ability to diagnose and appropriately treat it. Although recurrent posterior shoulder instability is not as common as anterior instability, it is prevalent among specific populations, including football and rugby players, and may be overlooked by clinicians who are unaware of the typical physical examination and radiographic findings.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for the Management of Periprosthetic Fractures
Authors: Kuzyk Paul R.T. , Watts Evan , Backstein David
Published: August 2017

Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can present reconstructive challenges. Not only is the procedure technically complex, but patients with these fractures may have multiple comorbidities, making them prone to postoperative complications. Early mobilization is particularly beneficial in patients with multiple comorbidities. Certain patient factors and fracture types may make revision TKA the ideal management option. Periprosthetic fractures around the knee implant occur most frequently in the distal femur, followed by the tibia and the patella. Risk factors typically are grouped into patient factors (eg, osteoporosis, obesity) and surgical factors (eg, anterior notching, implant malposition). Surgical options for periprosthetic fractures that involve the distal femur or proximal tibia include reconstruction of the bone stock with augments or metal cones or replacement with an endoprosthesis.
Hallux Rigidus Grade Does Not Correlate With Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Score
Authors: Nixon Devon C. , Lorbeer Karly F. , McCormick Jeremy J. , Klein Sandra E. , Johnson Jeffrey E.
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Classification systems for hallux rigidus imply that, as radiographic changes progress, symptoms will concurrently increase in severity. However, symptom intensity and radiographic severity can be discordant for many patients. We studied the correlation between hallux rigidus grades and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores to better understand this relationship.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed weight-bearing radiographs of the foot and FAAM Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaires for 84 patients with hallux rigidus. The Spearman rank coefficient was used to correlate clinical-radiographic hallux rigidus grade with FAAM ADL scores.

Results:

In 84 patients, the clinical-radiographic grade for hallux rigidus showed no relationship with FAAM ADL score (r = −0.10; P = 0.36) but did show moderate correlation with patient age (r = 0.63; P < 0.001).

Discussion: Advancing radiographic changes in hallux rigidus did not correspond with patient symptoms as measured via FAAM ADL scores.

Conclusion:

The reliability and validity of current grading criteria for hallux rigidus may require further exploration.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Exploration of Destructive Cults’ Dynamics
Authors: Fan Baoxiang , Li Bin , Ji Han
Published: August 2017

Destructive cults strengthen their motivating factors by self-proclaimed and covert means and target at specific groups as potential cult believers. Based on theories of dynamics and “product life cycle”, this paper probes destructive cults’ power source and their target believers. The power recession of destructive cults is also discussed by introducing the theory of “hierarchy of needs”. This paper, by advocating scientific beliefs, opposing destructive cults, and through the analysis of the experimental cases, aims to provide some suggestions for the realization and transcendence of individuals, communities and even the whole human beings.
Ambtshalve toetsing aan Unierecht ten gunste van belangenorganisaties?
Authors: Vermeulen F.E. , Schasfoort T.L.
Published: August 2017

Ambtshalve toetsing aan Unierecht ten gunste van belangenorganisaties?

Het leerstuk van ambtshalve toetsing in consumentenzaken heeft zich ontwikkeld tot een gewichtige factor, waarbij een aantal nationale begrenzingen van het processueel debat in eerste aanleg en appel is losgelaten. Ambtshalve toetsing is gestoeld op de veronderstelling dat de consument zich tegenover zijn professionele wederpartij in een zwakke onderhandelingspositie bevindt en over minder informatie beschikt. Dit artikel gaat in op de vraag of er voldoende rechtvaardiging bestaat voor ambtshalve toetsing als de processuele belangen van een consument worden behartigd door een belangenorganisatie.
Herstel van verzuim en strijd tegen tegenstrijdige beslissingen. Over de oproeping van derden ex artikel 118 Rv
Authors: Möhlmann J.A.
Published: August 2017

Herstel van verzuim en strijd tegen tegenstrijdige beslissingen. Over de oproeping van derden ex artikel 118 Rv

Artikel 118 Rv bevat processuele voorschriften voor de oproeping van derden in het geding. Een geldig opgeroepen derde is gebonden aan de tussen eiser en gedaagde te wijzen uitspraak. Over de mogelijkheden om dit artikel toe te passen bestaat veel onduidelijkheid. In de eerste plaats oordeelt de Hoge Raad met enige regelmaat, maar vaak zonder (duidelijke) motivering, dat de eiser in de gelegenheid moet worden gesteld een ten onrechte niet opgeroepen partij via artikel 118 Rv alsnog in het geding te betrekken. In de tweede plaats oordelen rechtbanken de afgelopen jaren tegenstrijdig over de vraag of artikel 118 Rv wel of niet mag worden toegepast om derden, op verzoek van de gedaagde, op te roepen met het doel een risico op tegenstrijdige beslissingen te voorkomen. Een nadere analyse van de wetsgeschiedenis en jurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad biedt duidelijkheid.
Oedometer tests of soft soil and attempt of their numerical simulation
Authors: Juszkiewicz Patryk , Szypulski Paweł , Międlarz Kamila
Published: August 2017

For the purpose of this article, oedometer tests were performed on organic silt samples derived from the bottom of an excava¬tion made near the Dead Vistula River. Three independent oedometer tests, with required basic tests for them, were carried out on specimens made from the same sample. Based on the test results, compressibility characteristic, physical and strength parameters of organic silt were determined. Using finite element method, attempts of simulation oedometer tests and cali¬bration of compression parameters were made.
Numerical and experimental analysis of the wave induced forces on the tripod support structure. Laboratory study
Authors: Kraskowski Marek , Pastwa Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Sebastian , Marcinkowski Tomasz
Published: August 2017

The presented work was realized within the framework of the AQUILO project, aiming in creating the base of knowledge for prospective future investments in offshore wind energy on Baltic Sea. The presented part of the work is focused on the experimental validation of numerical method of evaluation of the wave-induced forces on the bottom-mounted support structure of the offshore wind turbine. The experimental setup and measurement equipment, including in-house developed 6-DOF (six degree of freedom) dynamometer, are described. As a result, comparison of performance of different methods of evaluation of wave loads for wide range of parameters is presented. The results of experiments and numerical analyses are fairly consistent; largest discrepancy occurred at lowest wave frequencies, i.e. largest wave lengths. This may result from increased relative error of measurements for very long waves in relatively short tank.
Hydrophysical parameters of seawater in front of Ustka during the summer season 2013
Authors: Kałas Maciej , Misiewicz Ewelina
Published: August 2017

The article presents spatial distribution of hydrophysical parameters of coastal waters near Ustka, stretching towards the eastern part of Słupsk Bank which appeared there in July 2013. It covers studies of distribution of temperature, salinity and seawater density across the entire cross-section of the water depth. Additionally, directional distributions of the water flows recorded at Baltic Sea, as well as information on local wind speed and direction derived from numerical model of the atmosphere are presented. The resulting image of water density distribution across the entire cross-section of the water depth under steady conditions of stratification allowed determination of character and extent of river water distribution seawards of the Słupia River mouth during summer 2013
Business Intelligence Solution for Food Industry
Authors: Raheela Asif  , Saman Hina  , Sukaina Mushtaq
Published: August 2017

Before the 1960’s organizations used to calculate figures on speculation. But ever since the demand for data analysis increased, Business Intelligence and Analytics is growing so rapidly that today it has been used for government, non-government, profitable, non profitable as well as the corporate world. The effect and impact on business intelligence system on various aspects of economy are increasing year to year. Recently, it is being used in the food industry as well. Many advanced techniques give rise to efficient methods and ways to provide a robust and effective environment for implementing BI systems in the food manufacturing industry domain; which is one of the most important industries across the globe. Hence this makes quite sense that this area would make use of such BI tools and take advantage in the similar manner as marketing firms and financial | departments for understanding their customer needs, increasing efficiency and for keeping track of the rising demands. This paper discusses a BI system on a food manufacturing industry; National Foods Canada along with the characteristics, data, methodology as well as tools used in the system. Also examples with references of the business intelligence systems used in the food manufacturing industries are presented.
A tomada de decisão e os impactos financeiros a partir do aproveitamento de incentivos fiscais
Authors: Worma Janaina Roberta , Bergamin Marina
Published: August 2017

No campo da Administração Financeira, a tomada de decisão para o emprego de recursos é imprescindível para alcançar melhores resultados. Nesse sentido, identificam-se em âmbito nacional, incentivos fiscais para empresas que despendam recursos para investimento em inovação tecnológica, conforme disposto na Lei 11.196 de 21 de novembro de 2005, mais especificamente compreendidas no Capítulo III, também conhecida como Lei do Bem. Isto posto, este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e elucidar os incentivos fiscais previstos em lei destinados à empresas que investem em inovação. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo de revisão bibliográfica, sendo a esta pesquisa de caráter descritivo, voltado para obtenção de informações por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os dados obtidos apontam para vários benefícios fiscais previstos em lei, como descontos ou isenção de impostos, dedução de valores para efeito do cálculo do imposto de renda, entre outros benefícios, bem como a influência que as práticas de inovação causam na tomada de decisão.
Concessão de crédito para empresas com divergência entre a contabilidade fiscal e societária no Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Tiago de , Perera Luiz Carlos Jacob
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho reflete o estudo que foi desenvolvido para tentar solucionar um problema real. Em muitas empresas do setor de construção, há uma grande divergência entre a contabilidade societária e a contabilidade fiscal, isto porque o reconhecimento das receitas ocorre em momentos diferentes, gerando relatórios distintos. Nesta situação, é possível que, enquanto a contabilidade societária apresente lucro, a fiscal apresente prejuízo, por reconhecer uma receita menor que os custos incorridos no período. Esta situação se torna um problema quando a companhia precisa obter crédito nas instituições financeiras, e estas, ao verificarem a disparidade entre a o resultado fiscal e societário, adotam uma posição prudential conservadora e, considerando o resultado fiscal desfavorável, negam o crédito. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi exploratória e o método qualitativo. Foram realizadas oito entrevistas em profundidade com gestores de crédito de grandes corporações financeiras, escolhidas por conveniência, devido à dificuldade de acesso a esses profissionais. A técnica adotada para o tratamento dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo, realizada com o apoio do software NVIVO. Após a análise do material das entrevistas, que refletiu a opinião dos gestores de crédito, foi observada a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do modelo de análise de crédito para as empresas classificadas no segmento Middle Market. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa, para melhoria do modelo geral de análise de crédito, foi a introdução, na fase de análise financeira, de um Bridge Report, relatório que tem a finalidade de demonstrar a composição e equalização das diferenças entre a contabilidade societária e a fiscal, permitindo, assim, ao Gestor de Crédito tomar uma decisão consciente sem o viés inicial.
Film, Literature, and Education: Trace of Ecopsychology Research in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmadi Anas , Ghazali Abd. Syukur , Dermawan Taufik , - Maryaeni
Published: August 2017

In this study, it is explained about the development of ecopsychology in Indonesia. Related to that, the research focus are ecopsychology development and ecopsychology concretization of education in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive-qualitative approach to explain about ecopsychology in Indonesia. Based on the research results, the findings are as follows. First, the ecopsychology development in Indonesia has existed and characterized by the research which is related to ecopsychology. The research about ecopsychology in Indonesia is more likely in literature, film, and media. Ecopsychology study in psychology or ecology fields do not exist in Indonesia. Second, the ecopsychology concretization of education in Indonesia appears in the study of Literary Psychology. In the study of Literary Psychology, ecopsychology is given to students with stages (1) first stage: initial understanding of ecopsychology; (2) second stage: understanding of field in ecopsychology; (3) third stage: understanding of literature in ecopsychology perspective and (4) fourth stage: ecopsychology application in literary study.
Student-Teachers’ Perceptions of Second Language Teaching in the CBL Program: Identity Construction and Development
Authors: Yeh Shu-Fen
Published: August 2017

In recent times, researchers of second language learning have suggested that second language learning is not simply a cognitive or linguistic issue, but is also a social, political, and cultural one (e.g., Atkinson, 2002; Firth & Wagner, 1997; Larsen-Freeman, 2007). Research on student-teachers’ identity (e.g., Atkinson, 2004; Day & Kington, 2008; Wenger, 1998) also stresses the importance of identity development to help students with setting goals and learning (e.g., Olsen, 2008). Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to investigate STs’ identity development and how identity transfers knowledge to facilitate the learning and teaching processes. This study applied a two-semester community-based learning program involving 40 university students and 50 elementary school students in Taiwan. It was found that negotiating multiple discourses in diverse social contexts is another dimension of learning sources for student-teachers’ understanding of personal values, increasing the awareness of social responsibilities, and fashioning their personal and pedagogical identities.
A Review on Application of Computers in Education Inside and Outside of Iran
Authors: Mahboudi Hamid Reza , Farrokhi Farahman , Ansarin Ali Akbar
Published: August 2017

This paper first presents an overview of the Digital Natives claim made by Prensky (2001) and its characteristics. Secondly, focusing on the Iranian context, the paper examines the reports of UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS, 2014), the present state of ICT integration in education in national research, and the present state of ICT integration in education in international research. Reports and comparisons attest to the fact that Iranian educators have failed to realize their high expectations despite heavy financial investment in computer technology in schools and colleges. This review also provides some words of caution about computer technology to help policy makers and educators aware of the negative side-effects of misapplication of technology, the imposition of computer technology to imitate high-source settings, and the misuse of technology and its serious and long-term consequences. Eventually, this paper concludes that if a generation misapplied or underused technology, they should not be added to the list of Prenskey’s digital natives so long as they are deprived of the qualitative and quantitative standards of high-source settings. Additionally, the impacts of technology on a generation need to be examined carefully before they are called digital.
A Short note on Accent–bias, Social Identity and Ethnocentrism
Authors: Chakraborty Rahul
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the interrelations among accent-based biases, social identity and ethnocentrism. Construction of social identity creates a set of ethnocentric values within a person, which indirectly or directly plays a pivotal role in generating accent related biases. Starting with Tajfel’s (1959) social identity theory and then the discussion of ethnocentrism, accent related biases have a long documented origin, development and consequences. People construct their social identity based on numerous variables and then their in-group and out-group memberships are established. Ethnocentrism, as a variable, influences listeners’ accent perception and subsequent judgment regarding their perceived accent. The degree of ethnocentrism is related to speakers’ potential accent biases. As legal safeguard against accent related biases is absent, active resistance and awareness-initiation are expected from speech language pathologists and the concerned community in general. Role of training institutions is discussed.
The Impact of L1 Metaphorical Comprehension on L2 Metaphorical Comprehension of Iraqi EFL Learners
Authors: Arif Mahmoud , ABDULLAH IMRAN HO
Published: August 2017

The major goal of this research is to investigate learners’ metaphorical comprehension in L1 and its effect on the metaphorical comprehension in L2 by Iraqi EFL learners at secondary school. In which, they encounter difficulties understanding English texts and lectures, primarily when metaphor is included, which leads to the misunderstanding of some or even the whole material. To this end, the research will utilize the ‘Conceptual Metaphor Theory’ by George Lakoff and Mark Turner (1980), and Cummins' Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis (1979). The type of the survey of the data collection is a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire is classified into two divisions: the demographic part that gives a general background of the participants, and the part that includes 30 Arabic metaphoric proverbs and other 30 English proverbs. Each proverb is followed by four distractors from which a participant is required to choose the correct meaning for a certain proverb. The questionnaire was administered to 252 Iraqi convenience sampling. The findings showed that the participants who are more skilled in Arabic metaphor performed better in English metaphor. In addition to the significance of this study to the literature where, up to the researcher knowledge, no study has tackled the effect of the L1 on L2 in the Iraqi context, it presents a pedagogical contribution. In which, the study will draw the attention of the syllabus designers to the significance of developing cognitive skills of learners in L1 to achieve a better cognitive skills in L2.
Comparison of chemical compounds associated with sclerites from healthy and diseased sea fan corals (Gorgonia ventalina)
Authors: Toledo-Hernández Carlos , Ruiz-Diaz Claudia P. , Díaz-Vázquez Liz M. , Santiago-Cárdenas Vanessa , Rosario-Berrios Derick N. , García-Almedina Derek M. , Roberson Loretta M.
Published: August 2017

Background

The roles of gorgonian sclerites as structural components and predator deterrents have been widely studied. Yet their role as barriers against microbes has only recently been investigated, and even less is known about the diversity and roles of the chemical compounds associated with sclerites.

Methods

Here, we examine the semi-volatile organic compound fraction (SVOCs) associated with sclerites from healthy and diseasedGorgonia ventalinasea fan corals to understand their possible role as a stress response or in defense of infection. We also measured the oxidative potential of compounds from diseased and healthyG. ventalinacolonies.

Results

The results showed that sclerites harbor a great diversity of SVOCs. Overall, 70 compounds were identified, the majority of which are novel with unknown biological roles. The majority of SVOCs identified exhibit multiple immune-related roles including antimicrobial and radical scavenging functions. The free radical activity assays further confirmed the anti-oxidative potential of some these compounds. The anti-oxidative activity was, nonetheless, similar across sclerites regardless of the health condition of the colony, although sclerites from diseased sea fans display slightly higher anti-oxidative activity than the healthy ones.

Discussion

Sclerites harbor great SVOCs diversity, the majority of which are novel to sea fans or any other corals. Yet the scientific literature consulted showed that the roles of compounds found in sclerites vary from antioxidant to antimicrobial compounds. However, this study fell short in determine the origin of the SVOCs identified, undermining our capacity to determine the biological roles of the SVOCs on sclerites and sea fans.
Soft-bottom demersal ichthyofauna from the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, during spring 1995
Authors: Aguilar-Palomino B , Mariscal-Romero J , González-Sansón G , Rodríguez-Ibarra LE
Published: August 2017

The first check-list of soft-bottom fishes from the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, is presented. The list includes 140 species, belonging to 98 genera and 54 families, collected with shrimp trawl nets aboard the research vessel BIP-V during May and June 1995 along 111 km, at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m depth. The specimens were cataloged and deposited in the ichthyological collection of the Centro de Ecología Costera of the Universidad de Guadalajara in San Patricia-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico.
Trophic ecology of the intertidal sea anemones Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Autactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) and A. Reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria: Actinhdae): relationships between sea anemones and their prey
Authors: Acuña-Maurizio FH , Zomponi O
Published: August 2017

The feeding ecology of the intertidal sea anemones Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) and A. reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from Punta Cantera and Santa Clara del Mar (Argentina) was studied using the following relations: available and ingested food, prey and predator size, and prey and predator weight. The food ingested by the three sea anemones clearly reflects the available food, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. In both locations, no correlation was observed between sea anemone size and prey size, or between predator weight and prey weight. These facts suggest that sea anemones feed principally on prey detached by wave action; the mussel Brachydontes rodriguezi d´ Orbigny, 1846 is the principal prey in the study areas.
Stomach contents of two planktivorous fishes of the gulf of california during summer 1991
Authors: Molina R.E. , Marinone F.A.
Published: August 2017

Se examinaron contenidos estomacales y aparatos filtradores de ejemplares adultos de sardina monterrey (Sardinops caeruleus) y sardina crinuda (Opisthonema libertate), recolectados en el Golfo de California, con el fin de describir su alimentación. Ambas especies son filtradores omnívoros que presentan un espectro trófico amplio, mostrando índices de selectividad elevados hacia algunos grupos planctónicos, siendo la frecuencia de éstos directamente proporcional a su abundancia en el plancton. El traslapo por alimento, tanto en número como en volumen, fue alto entre las dos especies. Los adultos de ambas especies presentan espacios interbranquiespinales muy reducidos, en comparación con los individuos de menor tamaño, siendo éstos de 90.20 a 96.50 um para la sardina monterrey y de 60.60 a 62.50 um para la sardina crinuda. Esta morfología del aparato filtrador se refleja en un mayor consumo de microplancton durante las fases adultas. Los taxa más importantes en la dieta de ambas especies fueron Planktoniella sol y Coscinodiscus sp. (Bacillariophyceae), Peridinium sp. (Dinophyceae), con tamaños que variaron entre 75 y 150 um, así como Calanus sp. (Copepoda), con tallas variables entre 700 y 1,500 um.

Stomach contents and filtering apparatus of adult specimens of Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) and Pacific thread herring (Opisthonema libertate) from the Gulf of California were examined, in order to describe their feeding habits. Both species are omnivorous filter-feeders that present a wide trophic spectrum, showing high selectivity index values for some planktonic groups, whose frequency was directly proportional to their abundance in the plankton. The food overlap, in number as well as in volume, was found to be high between both species. The adults, compared to smaller-sized individuals, present very reduced gill raker gaps, of 90.20 to 96.50 um for Pacific sardine and 60.60 to 62.50 um for Pacific thread herring. This morphology of the filtering apparatus is reflected in a higher consumption of microplankton during the adult phase. The most important taxa in the diet of both species were P lanktoniella sol and Coscinodiscus sp. (Bacillariophyceae). Peridinium sp. (Dinophyceae), with sizes that ranged from 75 to 150 pm, as well as Calanus sp. (Copepoda), with variable sizes between 700 and 1,500 Pm.
Highly temporally resolved response to seasonal surface melt of the Zachariae and 79N outlet glaciers in northeast Greenland
Authors: Rathmann N. M. , Hvidberg C. S. , Solgaard A. M. , Grinsted A. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Langen P. L. , Nielsen K. P. , Kusk A.
Published: August 2017

The seasonal response to surface melting of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream outlets, Zachariae and 79N, is investigated using new highly temporally resolved surface velocity maps for 2016 combined with numerical modeling. The seasonal speedup at 79N of 0.15 km/yr is suggested to be driven by a decrease in effective basal pressure induced by surface melting, whereas for Zachariae its 0.11 km/yr seasonal speedup correlates equally well with the breakup of its large ice mélange. We investigate the influence 76 km long floating tongue at 79N, finding it provides little resistance and that most of it could be lost without impacting the dynamics of the area. Furthermore, we show that reducing the slipperiness along the tongue‐wall interfaces produces a velocity change spatially inconsistent with the observed seasonal speedup. Finally, we find that subglacial sticky spots such as bedrock bumps play a negligible role in the large‐scale response to a seasonally enhanced basal slipperiness of the region.
The pelagic ecosystem in the Northern California Current off Oregon during the 2014–2016 warm anomalies within the context of the past 20 years
Authors: Peterson William T. , Fisher Jennifer L. , Strub P. Ted , Du Xiuning , Risien Craig , Peterson Jay , Shaw C. Tracy
Published: August 2017

A warm anomaly in the upper ocean, colloquially named “the Blob,” appeared in the Gulf of Alaska during the calm winter of 2013–2014, spread across the northern North Pacific (NP) Ocean, and shifted eastward and onto the Oregon shelf. At least 14 species of copepods occurred which had never been observed in shelf/slope waters off Oregon, some of which are known to have NP Gyre affinities, indicating that the source waters of the coastal “Blob” were likely of both offshore (from the west) and subtropical/tropical origin. The anomalously warm conditions were reduced during strong upwelling in spring 2015 but returned when upwelling weakened in July 2015 and transitioned to downwelling in fall 2015. The extended period of warm conditions resulted in prolonged effects on the ecosystem off central Oregon, lasting at least through 2016. Impacts to the lower trophic levels were unprecedented and include a novel plankton community composition resulting from increased copepod, diatom, and dinoflagellate species richness and increased abundance of dinoflagellates. Additionally, the multiyear warm anomalies were associated with reduced biomass of copepods and euphausiids, high abundance of larvaceans and doliolids (indictors of oligotrophic ocean conditions), and a toxic diatom bloom (Pseudo‐nitzschia) throughout the California Current in 2015, thereby changing the composition of the food web that is relied upon by many commercially and ecologically important species.