bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology in malignant pleural effusions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassirian Shayan , Hinton Stephanie N , Cuninghame Sean , Chaudhary Rushil , Iansavitchene Alla , Amjadi Kayvan , Dhaliwal Inderdeep , Zeman-Pocrnich Cady , Mitchell Michael A
Published: February 2022

Background

Pleural fluid cytology is an important diagnostic test used for the investigation of pleural effusions. There is considerable variability in the reported sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) in the literature.

Objective

The purpose of this review is to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology for MPE, both overall and by tumour type, to better inform the decision-making process when investigating pleural effusions.

Data sources

A literature search of EMBASE and MEDLINE was performed by four reviewers. Articles satisfying inclusion criteria were evaluated for bias using the QUADAS-2 tool.

Data extraction

For quantitative analysis, we performed a metaanalysis using a binary random-effects model to determine pooled sensitivity. Subgroup analysis was performed based on primary cancer site and meta-regression by year of publication.

Synthesis

Thirty-six studies with 6057 patients with MPE were included in the meta-analysis. The overall diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology for MPE was 58.2% (95% CI 52.5% to 63.9%; range 20.5%–86.0%). There was substantial heterogeneity present among studies (I295.5%). For primary thoracic malignancies, sensitivity was highest in lung adenocarcinoma (83.6%; 95% CI 77.7% to 89.6%) and lowest in lung squamous cell carcinoma (24.2%; 95% CI 17.0% to 31.5%) and mesothelioma (28.9%; 95% CI 16.2% to 41.5%). For malignancies with extrathoracic origin, sensitivity was high for ovarian cancer (85.2%; 95% CI 74.2% to 96.1%) and modest for breast cancer (65.3%; 95% CI 49.8% to 80.8%).

Conclusions

Pleural fluid cytology has an overall sensitivity of 58.2% for the diagnosis of MPE. Clinicians should be aware of the high variability in diagnostic sensitivity by primary tumour type as well as the potential reasons for false-negative cytology results.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021231473.
Biological parameters in a declining population of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Scoresby Sound, Southeast Greenland
Authors: Garde Eva , Tervo Outi M. , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Nielsen Nynne H. , Cornett Claus , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter
Published: February 2022

A decreasing trend in narwhal (Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758) abundance has been identified in a small population in Scoresby Sound, Southeast Greenland. We hypothesize that excessive hunting has affected life history and population dynamics of this population. Biological information and samples collected from the Inuit hunt, from satellite-tagged narwhals and from official hunters’ reports, were used to estimate age, growth, and reproduction. During 2007 through 2019, a decreasing proportion of young and increasing proportion of older whales were harvested. Male and female body length and male tusk length increased significantly, while body mass of both sexes showed a nonsignificant increase. The probability of catching a female decreased significantly, while a nonsignificant decline of catching a pregnant female was observed in both biological samples and hunters’ reports. Narwhal swimming speeds correlated with fluke widths indicated that larger whales attain greater speeds. The decline in juveniles and females is probably due to an opportunistic hunting practice targeting the easiest-to-catch whales, where bigger whales are faster and more difficult to catch. The cumulative effect of overharvest with a declining proportion of females, an overrepresentation of large males, and a lack of calves and juveniles has detrimental implications for this small narwhal population.
Isotropization of embedding Class I spacetime and anisotropic system generated by complexity factor in the framework of gravitational decoupling
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Govender M. , Kaur Simranjeet , Nag Riju
Published: February 2022

In this work, we present a hierarchical solution-generating technique employing the Minimum Gravitational Decoupling (MGD) Method and the generalized concept of Complexity as applied to Class I spacetime for bounded compact objects in classical general relativity. Starting off with an anisotropic seed solution described by Class I spacetime, we apply the MGD technique with the constraint that the effective anisotropy vanishes which leads to an isotropic model. In addition, we produce a second family of solutions in which the Complexity factor [Herrera (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018)] for the seed solution and its MGD counterpart are the same. We discuss the physical plausibility of both classes of solutions as candidates for physically realizable compact objects.
Direction-aggregated Attack for Transferable Adversarial Examples
Authors: Huang Tianjin , Menkovski Vlado , Pei Yulong , Wang Yuhao , Pechenizkiy Mykola
Published: February 2022

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are crafted by imposing imperceptible changes to the inputs. However, these adversarial examples are most successful in white-box settings where the model and its parameters are available. Finding adversarial examples that are transferable to other models or developed in a black-box setting is significantly more difficult. In this article, we propose the Direction-aggregated adversarial attacks that deliver transferable adversarial examples. Our method utilizes the aggregated direction during the attack process for avoiding the generated adversarial examples overfitting to the white-box model. Extensive experiments on ImageNet show that our proposed method improves the transferability of adversarial examples significantly and outperforms state-of-the-art attacks, especially against adversarial trained models. The best averaged attack success rate of our proposed method reaches 94.6% against three adversarial trained models and 94.8% against five defense methods. It also reveals that current defense approaches do not prevent transferable adversarial attacks.
IOHanalyzer: Detailed Performance Analyses for Iterative Optimization Heuristics
Authors: Wang Hao , Vermetten Diederick , Ye Furong , Doerr Carola , Bäck Thomas
Published: February 2022

Benchmarking and performance analysis play an important role in understanding the behaviour of
iterative optimization heuristics (IOHs)
such as local search algorithms, genetic and evolutionary algorithms, Bayesian optimization algorithms, etc. This task, however, involves manual setup, execution, and analysis of the experiment on an individual basis, which is laborious and can be mitigated by a generic and well-designed platform. For this purpose, we propose IOHanalyzer, a new user-friendly tool for the analysis, comparison, and visualization of performance data of IOHs.

Implemented in
R
and
C++
, IOHanalyzer is fully open source. It is available on CRAN and GitHub. IOHanalyzer provides detailed statistics about fixed-target running times and about fixed-budget performance of the benchmarked algorithms with a real-valued codomain, single-objective optimization tasks. Performance aggregation over several benchmark problems is possible, for example in the form of empirical cumulative distribution functions. Key advantages of IOHanalyzer over other performance analysis packages are its highly interactive design, which allows users to specify the performance measures, ranges, and granularity that are most useful for their experiments, and the possibility to analyze not only performance traces, but also the evolution of dynamic state parameters.

IOHanalyzer can directly process performance data from the main benchmarking platforms, including the COCO platform, Nevergrad, the SOS platform, and IOHexperimenter. An
R
programming interface is provided for users preferring to have a finer control over the implemented functionalities.
Reverse Blocking GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors with Stepped P-GaN Drain
Authors: Wang Zhuocheng , Sun Ruize , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2022

In this work, a reverse-blocking high electron mobility transistor with stepped p-type GaN drain (SPD RB-HEMT) has been proposed and studied in TCAD Sentaurus. In SPD RB-HEMT, the reverse-blocking capability is achieved by employing a stepped p-type GaN (P-GaN) layer connected with the Schottky metal drain. The stepped P-GaN layer is constituted by four P-GaN steps, and the thicknesses of the first to the fourth P-GaN step are descending from the source to the drain side. Due to the P-GaN/AlGaN/GaN structure, the conduction band of the AlGaN/GaN interface is lifted up. Therefore, the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) channel is depleted, and the reverse current is blocked. On the other hand, when the drain is forward biased, the 2-DEG channel is recovered, and the drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effect in stepped P-GaN drain structure can lead to a lower on-resistance of the device. The SPD RB-HEMT exhibits a reverse breakdown voltage of −2209 V and on-resistance of 3.01 mΩ·cm2 in TCAD Sentaurus simulation. Compared with the conventional Schottky barrier drain and planar P-GaN drain RB-HEMTs, the SPD RB-HEMTs have shown the balanced and improved forward and reverse-blocking characteristics.
Modeling and Simulation of High-Performance CrTe Intrinsic Half Metal-Based Spin Valve and Spin Diode
Authors: Gani Muzafar , Shah Khurshed A. , Parah Shabir A.
Published: February 2022

Most of the pristine two-dimensional materials such as graphene, silicene, germanene etc. are non-magnetic in nature and the creation of magnetism in these materials is subjected to the doping, external field, vacancy, strain etc., but their control in the experimental is very difficult. That has motivated the researchers for the exploration of 2D materials like Transition metal chalcogenides (TMC) with intrinsic magnetism. In the present study, the ferromagnetism of the two-dimensional Chromium telluride (CrTe) is verified by the spin-dependent density of states. Moreover, taking into consideration the similar crystal structure and comparable lattice constants of Vanadium telluride (VTe) to that of CrTe, we have modelled a three-layer spin valve (CrTe-VTe-CrTe) and a two-layer spin diode (CrTe-VTe), and simulated for spin-dependent transport characteristics. The performance parameters like spin injection efficiency, magnetoresistance, rectification ratio has been calculated to carry out the performance evaluation of the modelled devices. The spin valve displays 100% spin injection efficiency and large magnetoresistance of 3.46 × 108%, a comparative study has been carried out to evaluate the performance of the modelled spin valve. Moreover, the spin diode displays high spin filtering efficiency and good rectification ratio, which suggests the potential spintronic applications of the proposed devices. The spin-dependent transport characteristics have been justified by using spin-dependent transmission spectrum and spin-dependent band structure.
Dependence of the Physical Properties of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Thin Films Grown by Sol-Gel (Spin-Coating) Process on Thickness
Authors: Zeribi F. , Attaf A. , Derbali A. , Saidi H. , Benmebrouk Lazhar , Aida M. S. , Dahnoun M. , Nouadji R. , Ezzaouia H.
Published: February 2022

In this work, high transparent TiO2 nano-crystallinethin films have been prepared by a simple sol–gel spin coating technique. The effects of number of layers on physical properties of TiO2 thin films were studied by means X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis spectrophotometer, and four probes measurement. The XRD analysis confirms that TiO2 has anatase phase structure with preferred orientation of (101) direction, while the crystallite size values varied with the number of layers in the range of 16–19 nm. The films exhibit high optical transparency (>70%), reaching a maximum of 85% in the visible region with the red-shifted absorption edge, suggesting the films optical gap energy decreases with increasing number of layers from 3.67 to 3.52 eV. However, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectra show the existence of functional groups and chemical bonding. The films electrical properties measurement indicated that the substantially enhancement in the resistivity with increasing the number of layers from 3.3 × 105 to 2.15 × 106 Ω.cm. This study indicates that TiO2 films may be a potential candidate in technological applications as solar cells, photocatalysts and gas sensors due to its desired structural, optical and electrical properties.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Silicon Composite Electrodes
Authors: Wang Yikai , Zhang Qinglin , Li Dawei , Hu Jiazhi , Xu Jiagang , Dang Dingying , Xiao Xingcheng , Cheng Yang-Tse
Published: February 2022

Silicon is considered one of the most promising negative electrode materials for future lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high capacity (3579 mAh g-1
, based on Li15Si4) and its proper delithiation voltage (~ca. 0.4 V vs. Li/Li+). However, the huge volume change (~300 %) of Si during lithiation/delithiation leads to fracture and pulverization and of Si particles, continuous formation of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), and, consequently, fast capacity fade. Mechanical degradation remains a major barrier for commercializing Si electrodes. The most likely commercial Si electrodes, i.e., Si composite electrodes consisting of Si particles, conductive additives, polymeric binders, and porosity, are likely to exhibit mechanical properties and volume expansion/shrinkage behavior that are different from that of individual Si particles and Si thin films. Despite of a growing effort on electro-mechanical modeling of Si electrodes, the mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of Si composite electrodes during lithiation/delithiation are largely unknown. To fill this gap, we developed an environmental nanoindentation system installed inside an argon-filled glovebox [Adv. Energy Mater., 10.1002/aenm.201702578 (2017) and Scr. Mater. 130, 191 (2017)] to measure Young’s modulus (E) and hardness (H) of Si composite electrodes during lithiation/delithiation under both dry and wet (the liquid electrolyte) conditions. In contrast to Si films, E and H values of Si/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) electrodes and Si/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) electrodes, under both dry and wet conditions, increase with increasing Li concentration within each electrochemical cycle and decrease with increasing cycle number. The E and H values of the composite electrodes under dry condition are smaller than that under wet condition due to the softening of polymeric binders in the electrolyte. The porosity of both composite electrodes decreases with increasing Li concentration and increases with increasing cycle number. At the same state-of-charge (SOC), Si/Na-CMC electrodes have smaller porosity and better mechanical integrity than Si/PVDF electrodes, which is one of the reasons why Na-CMC works better than PVDF as a binder. The results show that mechanical integrity and microstructural stability play a vital role in improving the performance and durability of Si composite electrodes. The relationships between E, H, porosity, and SOC is useful to develop and validate electro-mechanical models of electrodes. They also provide valuable insight into developing high capacity Si electrodes. Furthermore, the environmental nanoindentation method can be used to measure the mechanical behavior of a wide range of electrochemical energy storage materials under realistic working conditions.
Numerical Computation of Central Crack Growth of Active Particle with Multi Influence Factors
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Guo Zhansheng
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Li-ion batteries (LIBs) play an essential role in the battery market of portable electronics and electric/hybrid electric vehicles due to their high energy densities, low sizes and long service life. However, one of the main issues in current commercial Li-ion batteries is capacity fade along with cycle times increasing. Mechanical degradation, especially fracture of active particle in electrode, is one of major reasons for lithium ions battery capacity fade. Fracture of active particle not only increases the resistance for electron transport result in loss of electric contact and therefore reduces lithium intercalation or de-intercalation, but also generates new free surface area contacting with electrolyte result in new side reactions and more solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer generated. This paper proposes a model coupling lithium ions diffusion, stress evolution, and damage mechanics to simulate center crack growth of cathode particles (LiMn2O4) by extended finite element method (X-FEM). The influence of crack surface diffusion (CSD) on stress distribution and fracture behavior is also discussed. Simulation shows the particle will likely crack at high discharge rate, large radius or longer initial central crack. It also shows maximum principal stress will decrease and cracking will become more difficult after considering influence of CSD. Fracture process will follow no crack growth stage, stable crack growth stage, and unstable crack growth stage. Changing the charge/discharge strategy could benefit to prevent crack growth of active particle and capacity fade of Li-ion batteries during electrochemical cycling.
The importance of mitochondrial quality control for maintaining skeletal muscle function across health span
Authors: Sligar James , DeBruin Danielle A. , Saner Nicholas J. , Philp Ashleigh M. , Philp Andrew
Published: February 2022

As the principal energy-producing organelles of the cell, mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth, and regeneration in skeletal muscle. Deterioration in skeletal muscle functional capacity with age is thought to be driven in part by a reduction in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and reduced fatigue resistance. Underlying this maladaptive response is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by alterations in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing processes of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodeling (dynamics), and degradation (mitophagy). Knowledge regarding the role and regulation of MQC in skeletal muscle and the influence of aging in this process has rapidly advanced in the past decade. Given the emerging link between aging and MQC, therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction during aging hold tremendous therapeutic potential.
Large group differences in binaural sensitivity are represented in preattentive responses from auditory cortex
Authors: Lertpoompunya Angkana , Ozmeral Erol J. , Higgins Nathan C. , Eddins Ann C. , Eddins David A.
Published: February 2022

Group differences in the perception of interaural correlation (IAC) were observed in human adults with normal audiometric sensitivity. These differences were reflected in cortical-evoked activity measured via electroencephalography (EEG). For some participants, weak representation of the binaural cue at the cortical level in preattentive N1-P2 cortical responses may be indicative of a potential processing deficit. Such a deficit may be related to a poorly understood condition known as hidden hearing loss.
Comparison of the Anterior Septal Line and Mitral Isthmus Line for Perimitral Atrial Flutter Ablation Using Robotic Magnetic Navigation
Authors: Dang Shipeng , Wang Ru-Xing , Jons Christian , Jacobsen Peter Karl , Pehrson Steen , Chen Xu
Published: February 2022

Background. Perimitral atrial flutter (PMAFL) is one of the most common macro-reentrant left atrial tachycardias. Mitral isthmus (MI) linear ablation is a common strategy for the treatment of PMAFLs, and anterior septum (AS) linear ablation has emerged as a novel ablation approach. We aimed at assessing the effectiveness of AS linear ablation using robotic magnetic navigation for PMAFL ablation. Methods. In this retrospective study, a total of 36 consecutive patients presented with AFL as the unique arrhythmia or accompanied with atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent catheter ablation were enrolled. Patients were classified into two groups according to the different ablation strategies, the MI line group (10 patients) and the AS line group (26 patients). Results. The clinical baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups were nearly identical. There were no significant differences in procedure time (148.7 ± 46.1 vs. 123.2 ± 30.1 min,

P
=
0.058

) or radiofrequency ablation time (25.9 ± 11.4 vs. 23.5 ± 12.6 min) between the two groups. Fluoroscopy time was longer in the MI line group (8.0 ± 4.4 vs. 5.1 ± 2.7 min,

P
=
0.024

), and the acute success rate was higher in the AS line group versus the MI line group (96.2% vs. 70%,

P
=
0.025

). The long-term freedom from arrhythmia survival rate was higher in the AS line group (73%) than in the MI line group (40%) after a mean follow-up time of 37.4 months with a 3-month blanking period (

P
=
0.049

). Conclusions. AS linear ablation is an effective and safe strategy for PMAFL ablation using robotic magnetic navigation.
An Improved Simulated Annealing-Based Decision Model for the Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling of Aviation Ordnance Handling
Authors: Meng Xianglei , Wang Nengjian , Liu Jue , Liu Qinhui
Published: February 2022

Aviation ordnance handling is critical to the firepower projection of the time-critical cyclic flight operation on aircraft carriers. The complexity of the problem depends on the supply and demand features of ordnance. This paper examines the scheduling of aviation ordnance handling of an operational aircraft carrier under the framework of hybrid flow shop scheduling (HFS) and derives a method based on the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to get the HFS problem’s solution. The proposed method achieves the minimum possible flow time by optimizing the ordnance assignment through different stages. The traditional SA algorithm depends heavily on the heuristic scheme and consumes too much time to compute the optimal solution. To solve the problem, this paper improves the SA by embedding a task-based encoding method and a matrix perturbation method. The improved SA remains independent of the heuristic scheme and effectively propagates the local search process. Since the performance of SA is also influenced by its embedded parameters, orthogonal tests were carried out to carefully compare and select these parameters. Finally, different ordnance loading plans were simulated to reveal the advantage of the improved SA. The simulation results show that the improved SA (ISA) can generate better and faster solution than the traditional SA. This research provides a practical solution to stochastic HFS problems.
Herbal Formula Modified Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue Decoction Attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lin Jialiang , Gu Jionghui , Fan Dongwei , Li Weishi
Published: February 2022

Objective. This study aims to clarify the potential mechanism of modified Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue decoction (MBSHXD) in treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) with methods of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. An MBSHXD and IDD-related common target gene set was established through TCMSP, UniProt, and two disease gene databases. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed through the R platform and STRING to discover the potential mechanism. Molecular docking between the active ingredients and the core genes is used to calculate the binding energy. Results. A total of 147 active ingredients and 79 common genes (including 10 core genes, TNF, VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, AKT1, MAPK8, TP53, JUN, MMP9, and CXCL8) were identified. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that MBSHXD plays an essential role in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. The meaningful pathways are the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and apoptosis. In addition, the PPI network and molecular docking further demonstrated the roles that nine bioactive ingredients of MBSHXD play in IDD treatment through their interference with core target proteins. Conclusion. This study reveals that MBSHXD has the characteristics of a “multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway” in the treatment of IDD by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress, and network pharmacology may provide a feasible method to verify the molecular mechanism of MBSHXD for IDD by combining with molecular docking.
Deep-Sea: A Reconfigurable Accelerator for Classic CNN
Authors: Xiong Hao , Sun Kelin , Zhang Bing , Yang Jingchuan , Xu Huiping
Published: February 2022

To meet the changing real-time edge engineering application requirements of CNN, aiming at the lack of universality and flexibility of CNN hardware acceleration architecture based on ARM+FPGA, a general low-power all pipelined CNN hardware acceleration architecture is proposed to cope with the continuously updated CNN algorithm and accelerate in hardware platforms with different resource constraints. In the framework of the general hardware architecture, a basic instruction set belonging to the architecture is proposed, which can be used to calculate and configure different versions of CNN algorithms. Based on the instruction set, the configurable computing subsystem, memory management subsystem, on-chip cache subsystem, and instruction execution subsystem are designed and implemented. In addition, in the processing of convolution results, the on-chip storage unit is used to preprocess the convolution results, to speed up the activation and pooling calculation process in parallel. Finally, the accelerator is modeled at the RTL level and deployed on the XC7Z100 heterogeneous device. The lightweight networks YOLOv2-tiny and YOLOv3-tiny commonly used in engineering applications are verified on the accelerator. The results show that the peak performance of the accelerator reaches 198.37 GOP/s, the clock frequency reaches 210 MHz, and the power consumption is 4.52 w under 16-bit width.
Influence of Ferronickel Slag on Impermeability of Seawater‐Corroded Cement Soil Using an Electrochemical Test
Authors: Chen Sanshan , Chen Feng , Tong Shenghao
Published: February 2022

Since the traditional penetration testing of cement soil is time‐consuming, this paper introduces a new electrochemical testing method to study the effect of ferronickel slag powder on improving the impermeability of cement soil in the corrosive seawater environment. To this end, the mercury intrusion test was employed to analyze the change in the pore characteristics of cement soil, and the variation in the impermeability of cement soil was further explained from a microscopic point of view. The test results show that using the electrochemical method to test the impermeability of cement soil dramatically improves the efficiency of testing. The impermeability of cement soil gradually rises with an increase in its ferronickel slag powder content. Moreover, the optimal mass replacement ratio of the ferronickel slag powder and mineral powder composite to cement is 40% in the testing range of 0–40%. The mercury intrusion test results also confirm that the addition of ferronickel slag powder can decrease the most probable pore size and total porosity of cement soil; further, from a microscopic perspective, the ferronickel slag powder can help reduce the corrosion of cement soil by seawater. The above test conclusions are consistent with the results of the traditional permeability test. Our findings not only imply that ferronickel slag powder can lessen the effect of seawater on the corrosion of cement soil but prove that the electrochemical test is a reliable and straightforward method for determining the impermeability of cement soil.
Research on Cross-cultural Text Reconstruction of Urban Publicity Translation Based on Computer Corpus
Authors: Li Zhenli , Tang Jian
Published: February 2022

Urban publicity translation, as a cross-cultural communication activity, should aim for communication, employ various translation strategies, adapt to the target language’s expression habits, overcome cultural differences, and make the translation easy to accept for target readers. In order to achieve the goal of external promotion, publicity texts should respect and conform to the target culture’s language expression as well as the psychology of the audience during the initial stage of urban publicity translation. This paper analyzes the causes of cultural vacancies in the translation of urban publicity materials, starting with the classification and sorting of cultural vacancies in the translation of publicity materials. This paper focuses on using a computer corpus to reconstruct cross-cultural text for urban publicity translation. An automatic corpus expansion method combined with the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The model is iteratively trained after the generated single corpus is combined with the original data set to create a parallel corpus. Finally, as another important feature of words, the word cooccurrence degree is incorporated into the interword relationship extraction model to create a new word translation evaluation index. Finally, the experiment demonstrates that the EIWR (extraction of interword relations) has higher accuracy than the VSM (vector space model).
Comparison of the Value of Color Doppler Ultrasound and Multislice Spiral CT in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Nodules in the Liver
Authors: Jia Peiwan , Liu Ruirong , Liu Yun , Wu Yanyan , Dou Ting
Published: February 2022

Objective. This study aimed to explore the value of color Doppler ultrasound and multislice spiral CT (MSCT) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules in the liver. Methods. The clinical imaging data of 102 patients with nodular hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma group) and 50 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver (FNH group) admitted to our hospital were collected, and their color Doppler ultrasound and MSCT imaging features were retrospectively analyzed to explore the value of their clinical application in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules in the liver. Results. The sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value of MSCT in the diagnosis of nodular liver cancer were 94.12%, 92.76%, and 88.24%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of color Doppler ultrasound 79.41%, 84.21%, and 69.12%, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. In conclusion, the value of MSCT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver nodules was significantly better than color Doppler ultrasound.
Flexural Strength of Vitreous Ceramics Based on Lithium Disilicate and Lithium Silicate Reinforced with Zirconia for CAD/CAM
Authors: Corado Hazel P. R. , da Silveira Pedro H. P. M. , Ortega Vagner L. , Ramos Guilherme G. , Elias Carlos N.
Published: February 2022

The dental prosthesis market is rapidly evolving to meet patient and clinical demands. These new materials must have good flexural strength, toughness, aesthetic properties, and reliability in performance for structural applications. The present work aimed to compare the bending strength of 4 types of chairside lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass-ceramics used for dental prosthesis and to analyze the influence of heat treatment on the transformation of lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3) into lithium disilicate. The three-ball test for the biaxial flexion test (B3B) was used. Weibull statistical analysis was used, and it showed that samples with a higher percentage of zirconia have a greater tendency to fail. The flexion tests showed that the addition of more than 10% of zirconia reduced the flexural strength. The heat treatment process improves and provides greater mechanical strength. The XRD results indicated that the samples with the lowest percentage of zirconia exhibited greater crystallinity and corroborated the microstructural analysis. SEM analyses showed a greater amount and elongated crystals of lithium disilicate when comparing samples with a higher percentage of zirconia. Therefore, samples with lower zirconia showed greater flexural strength than samples with higher additions of zirconia.
Neuroimaging Mechanism of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pain Management
Authors: Bao Shangyi , Qiao Mengyuan , Lu Yutong , Jiang Yunlan
Published: February 2022

Purpose. To review the recent neuroimaging studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management, with the aim of exploring possible mechanisms of CBT. Recent Findings. Current studies can be divided into four categories, mixed pain, fibromyalgia, migraine, and experimental pain, based on the type of disease included, with the same or different changes of brain regions after CBT intervention. According to structural and functional MRI analyses, changes of brain gray matter volume, activation and deactivation of brain regions, and intrinsic connectivity between brain regions were observed after CBT sessions. The brain regions involved mainly included some areas related to cognitive and emotional regulation. After comparison, the DLPFC, OFC, VLPFC, PCC and amygdala were found to be recurrent in multiple studies and may be key regions for CBT intervention in pain management. In the treatment of mixed chronic pain, CBT may decrease the gray matter volume of DLPFC, reduce ICN connection of OFC within the DAN network, and increase fALFF of the PCC. For FM intervention, CBT may activate the bilateral OFC and VLPFC, while in migraine, only the right OFC, VLPFC, and DLPFC were found to be more activated after CBT. In addition, the differential action of the left and right amygdala has also been shown in the latest study of migraine. In heat-evoked pain, CBT may increase the deactivation of the PCC, the connectivity between the DMN and right VLPFC, while diminishing the deactivation of VLPFC. Summary. After CBT, the brain showed stronger top-down pain control, cognitive reassessment, and altered perception of stimulus signals (chronic pain and repeated acute pain). The DLPFC, OFC, VLPFC, PCC, and amygdala may be the key brain regions in CBT intervention of pain.
Individual Attribute and Cascade Influence Capability-Based Privacy Protection Method in Social Networks
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shi Si-Tong , Weng Cai-Jie , Xu Li
Published: February 2022

Users can obtain intelligent services by sharing information in social networks. Big data technologies can discover underlying benefits from this information. However, stringent security concern is raised at the same time. The public data can be utilized by adversaries, which will bring dire consequences. In this paper, the influence maximization problem is investigated in a privacy protection environment, which aims to find a subset of secure users that can make the spread of influence maximization and privacy disclosure minimization. At first, in order to estimate the risk level for each user, a Bayesian-based individual privacy risk evaluation model is proposed to rank the individual risk levels. Secondly, as the aim is to measure the influence capability for each user, a cascade influence capability evaluation model is designed to rank the friend influence capability levels. Finally, based on these two factors, a privacy protection method is designed for solving the influence maximization with attack constraint problem. In addition, the comparison experiments show that our method can achieve the goal of influence maximization and privacy disclosure minimization efficiently.
Optimization of Mechanical Crimping in the Terminal Crimping Process Using a Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Jongwuttanaruk Kaona , Thavornwat Chalermsak
Published: February 2022

This research aims to optimize the tensile mechanical properties in the terminal crimping process in the terminal 064 series using central composite designs (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) on pull force using the Minitab 18 Program. Pull force testing is the mechanical property of the indicator in the crimping process. Three independent variables of the crimp dimensions were studied, including crimp height, crimp depth, and crimp width. The optimum crimp dimensions to sustain a maximum impact pull force of 13.60 Kgf were a crimp height of 1.25 mm, crimp depth of 2.36 mm, and crimp width of 1.48 mm for a compaction ratio of 18.63%. The tolerance on the crimp height of 0.05 mm maintained the compaction ratio within the SAE/USCAR-21 Revision 4 standard compaction range of 15 to 20%. This specification requires three consecutive crimp heights to pass electrical and mechanical tests. Using samples built to this compaction range provides the best opportunity to pass such tests whilst also addressing the problem of loose wire strands for a pull force of more than 8 Kgf. Finally, an optimization analysis is carried out to select the finest conditions for the process.
Application of Prognostic Models Based on Psoas Muscle Index, Stage, Pathological Grade, and Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level in Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Shan Li , Li Tian , Gu Wenhao , Gao Yuting , Zuo Erdong , Qiu Huizhu , Li Rong , Cheng Xu
Published: February 2022

Objective. To investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the prognosis of stage II-III colorectal cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods. A total of 196 stage II-III colorectal cancer patients who received 8 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. An abdominal CT acquired at 3-4 weeks after surgery was used to calculate the psoas muscle index. Subsequently, once gender-specific receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and cut-off values of psoas muscle index were defined, the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of patients with high and low values were compared. Lastly, prognostic models were established based on the independent prognostic factors of relapse-free survival and overall survival identified by COX analysis. Results. Based on the psoas muscle index, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 37.5% among 196 patients. This prevalence has significant correlation with patients’ age and gender. However, it was not related to the AJCC stage, T stage, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, grade III-IV myelosuppression, or preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level. In addition, both the relapse-free and the overall survival of patients with low and high psoas muscle indexes were significantly different. COX analysis indicated that the psoas muscle index was an independent prognostic factor. Both the overall survival prognostic model based on patients’ psoas muscle index, stage, pathological grade, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level and the relapse-free survival prognostic model based on patients’ psoas muscle index, pathological grade, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level could accurately predict the prognosis of patients. Conclusion. For stage II-III colorectal cancer patients, the presence of sarcopenia before adjuvant chemotherapy would adversely affect their recurrence-free and overall survival. Prognostic models based on psoas muscle index, stage, pathological grade, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level could accurately predict the prognosis in these patients.
Modification of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses for the Selective Adsorption of Ofloxacin
Authors: Xiao Wenke , Zhang Xiaojuan , Hao Lingyun , Zhao Yuan , Lin Qing , Wang Zhao , Song Wenli , Liang Dong
Published: February 2022

It is essential to design multifunctional contact lenses for selective recognition and utilization of the eye drop ofloxacin (OFL). Modified silicone hydrogel (MSL) contact lenses were firstly synthesized via ultraviolet curing by using (hydroxymethyl)methyl aminomethane, polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide as monomers and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NVP) as a modifier. The synthesized MSL contact lenses were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle and mechanical property tests. The results showed that compared with silicone hydrogel (SL) contact lenses, the MSL contact lenses had a more porous structure and good swelling and mechanical properties. The molecularly imprinted polymer/ofloxacin‐modified silicone hydrogel (MIP/OFL‐MSL) contact lenses were firstly synthesized via free radical polymerization, using ofloxacin (OFL) as the template molecule. Moreover, compared with chlorogenic acid and myricetin molecule, the MIP/OFL‐MSL contact lenses exhibited an adsorption capacity for OFL that reached 2.86 mg/g. The antibacterial test showed that the MIP/OFL‐MSL contact lenses displayed an inhibition ring size of 15.2 mm and 17.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively.
A Review on Bamboo as an Adsorbent for Removal of Pollutants for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Lamaming Junidah , Saalah Sariah , Rajin Mariani , Ismail Noor Maizura , Yaser Abu Zahrim
Published: February 2022

Water and wastewater treatment are very important for obtaining clean and sanitary water as well as protecting the environment from toxic pollutants. Not only enriched with cellulose and carbon but the abundant resources of bamboo also make it suitable to be utilized as an adsorbent. With the right processing technologies and improvements, the potential of bamboo is unlimited. This study review provides knowledge on the use of bamboo-based adsorbents for the removal of contaminants and pollutants in wastewater in the form of activated carbon, biochar, and aerogel. This review highlighted bamboo utilization and its relevance as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The technologies for the processing and improvement of bamboo as well as the performance of the bamboo-based adsorbents are also discussed in this study. The adsorption capacity of bamboo has shown improvement with modification and good adsorption capacity achieved with some of the adsorbent being able to be recycled and reused.
Optimization of Overcast Stripping Technology Parameters Based on Discrete Event System Simulation
Authors: Zhao Zhang , Zhang Ruixin , Sun Jiandong , Lv Shuaikang
Published: February 2022

In the process of open‐pit mining, the system parameters determine the economic benefit and production efficiency of the mine. Conventional optimization involves building a system model for the process parameters. However, complex large‐scale systems such as open‐pit mining are difficult to model, resulting in a failure to obtain effective solutions. This paper describes a system simulation method for the process parameters involved in open‐pit mining. The nature and interaction of each component of the system are analyzed in detail, and the logical flow of each layer of the system is determined. Taking the basic operational linkages of the equipment as the system drivers, we obtained the operational flow of dragline information. The barycentric circular projection method is used to simplify the control logic of the system, and a system storage state model is constructed to identify dynamic changes in the system and obtain the operation parameters of the dragline. A discrete event system is used for quantitative modeling, and the event step method is employed to advance the simulation process and obtain decision information. Finally, simulations are performed using various system parameters. The simulation results show that the maximum efficiency is achieved when the dragline height is ∼13 m, giving a capacity of 4276.52 m3/h. Error analysis indicates that the modeling error is minimized using a simulation correction coefficient of α = 0.94.
Engineering Wood Products from Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Seng Hua Lee , Wei Chen Lum , Antov Petar , Kristak Lubos , Md Tahir Paridah
Published: February 2022

Forest covers 4.06 billion hectares (ha) or 31% of the total land area worldwide, where 93% (3.75 billion ha) are natural regenerating forests and the remaining 7% (294 million ha) are planted forests. Eucalyptus spp., being one of the most important plantation species, has been planted in 95 countries around the world, and the area of plantation has exceeded 22.57 million ha. In the southern hemisphere, it is a significant industrial fast-growing tree species. These plantations serve as a valuable resource for the timber and fibre-based industries. Eucalyptus is the main fibre resource for the pulp and paper industries in developed countries. Timber extracted from the planted eucalyptus trees has long been used for solid wood and its fibres were used for manufacturing medium-density fibreboard. In comparison to most softwood species, Eucalyptus timber is reported to have a higher rigidity, making it ideal for manufacturing structural products. Therefore, this paper presents a review and analysis of the recent state of research on the utilisation of planted eucalyptus for engineered wood products (EWPs) manufacturing. This study investigated Eucalyptus-based EWPs such as particleboard, fibreboard, oriented strand board, laminated veneer lumber, plywood, glue laminated lumber, and cross-laminated lumber. The feasibility of using planted Eucalyptus in the production of EWPs, as well as the challenges encountered, was also discussed.
Artificial Selection Drives SNPs of Olfactory Receptor Genes into Different Working Traits in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Yang Min , Zhang Han-Xin , Geng Guang-Jun , Wang Fu-Jin , Liu Cheng-Wu , Liu Jian-Li
Published: February 2022

Labs as guide dogs or sniffer dogs in usage have been introduced into China for more than 20 years. These two types of working dogs own blunt or acute olfactory senses, which have been obtained by artificial selection in relatively closed populations. In order to attain stable olfactory attributes and meet use-oriented demands, Chinese breeders keep doing the same artificial selection. Though olfactory behavior is canine genetic behavior, genotypes of OR genes formed by breeding schemes are largely unknown. Here, we characterized 26 SNPs, 2 deletions, and 2 insertions of 7 OR genes between sniffer dogs and guide dogs in order to find out the candidate alleles associated with working specific traits. The results showed that there were candidate functional SNP alleles in one locus that had statistically severely significant differences between the two subpopulations. Furthermore, the levels of polymorphism were not high in all loci and linkage disequilibrium only happened within one OR gene. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) tests showed that there was a higher ratio not in HWE and lower FST within the two working dog populations. We conclude that artificial selection in working capacities has acted on SNP alleles of OR genes in a dog breed and driven the evolution in compliance with people’s intentions though the changes are limited in decades of strategic breeding.
Intelligent Detection and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Bowen , Wahid Fazli , Feng Wanyun , Chen Xuerou
Published: February 2022

Cycloaromatic hydrocarbons are a type of potentially hazardous chemicals that are widely present in the environment and pose a serious threat to human health. However, the traditional research methods for their detection process are cumbersome, the detection cycle is long, and the sensitivity is low. In response to the above problems, this article combines the molecular fingerprint information characteristics of surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology to simulate the four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and trichenium and quantitative detection of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and four kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. The experimental results show that the PAHs based on SERS have the advantages of higher sensitivity and high selectivity, which verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the method in this article.