bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSTING TIME AND COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTE COMPOST AGAINST THE GROWTH RATE OF LONG BEAN LEAVES (VIGNA CYLINDRICA (L.)
Authors: Afifah Anshah Silmi , Prajati Gita , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: May 2020

The landfill's capacity is currently decreasing, so solid waste reduction needs to be increased. Organic solid waste is generated by daily activities. The objective of the study was to determine the composting and composition of the growth of leaves of the long bean plant (Vigna cylindrical (L.)). Methods used in the composting process is the takakura method. The 80% compositions of compost are spinach waste. The composting process accelerated by the addition of local microorganisms (MOL) from fruit and compost to accelerate decomposed of organic waste. Variables on this research were functions of the time for the composting process and the amount of compost with the soil to the long bean plant (Vigna cylindrical (L.)). Compost collection time was determined as a research variable with variations on 14, 28, and 42 days, while variations in compost and soil composition tested on a long bean plant (Vigna cylindrical (L.)) of 1: 1 and 1: 2. The results showed good leaves growth period was 28th day with a composition 1: 1.

Kapasitas Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) saat ini semakin berkurang, sehingga reduksi sampah perlu ditingkatkan. Sampah organik merupakan salah satu sampah yang banyak dihasilkan oleh aktivitas seharihari. Tujuan penelitian yakni mengetahui pengaruh waktu pengomposan dan komposisi kompos terhadap laju pertumbuhan daun tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna cylindrica (L.)). Metode yang digunakan untuk membuat kompos yaitu metode takakura. 80% komposisi kompos berasal dari sisa sayur bayam. Pembuatan kompos dilakukan dengan menambah mikro organisme local (MOL) dari buah dan kompos jadi untuk mempercepat sampah organik terdekomposisi. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu variasi waktu pengambilan kompos dan variasi komposisi kompos dengan tanah terhadap Kacang Panjang (Vigna cylindrica (L.)). Waktu pengambilan kompos ditentukan sebagai variabel penelitian dengan variasi pengambilan pada hari ke - 14, 28, dan 42, sedangkan variasi komposisi kompos dan tanah yang diujikan terhadap tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna cylindrica (L.)) sebesar 1 : 1 dan 1 : 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan daun paling besar yaitu pada variasi waktu pengambilan kompos hari ke – 28 dengan komposisi 1 : 1.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK (OHS) USED OHSAS VARIABLES WITH HIRA, HAZID AND HAZOP METHOD (CASE STUDY OF PROJECT CIPUTRA WORLD PHASE 3, SURABAYA)
Authors: Trisiana Anita , Sanjaya Dwi , Ratnaningsih Anik
Published: May 2020

Implementation of the construction project is very necessary for the existence of risk management. It is necessary to anticipate and handle risks in construction projects because of the project's construction one such risk of occupational health and safety (OHS). So the need for the identification, assessment, analysis to anticipate the risks involved. According to OHSAS (18001:2007), OHS is all the conditions and factors that affect, or may affect, on the health and safety of employees or other workers (including contract workers and personnel contractors, or others in the workplace). The purpose of this research is to know the risk factors and the risk of dominant and controlling risks in the project. The methods used in this research is a method of HAZID, HAZOP, and HIRA. The results obtained, there are 48 types of risk factors, 47 with the medium category, and 1 with a low category. There are five dominant risks and 12 risk controls.

Implementation of the construction project is very necessary for the existence of risk management. It is necessary to anticipate and handle risks in construction projects because of the project's construction one such risk of occupational health and safety (OHS). So the need for the identification, assessment, analysis to anticipate the risks involved. According to OHSAS (18001:2007), OHS is all the conditions and factors that affect, or may affect, on the health and safety of employees or other workers (including contract workers and personnel contractors, or others in the workplace). The purpose of this research is to know the risk factors and the risk of dominant and controlling risks in the project. The methods used in this research is a method of HAZID, HAZOP, and HIRA. The results obtained, there are 48 types of risk factors, 47 with the medium category, and 1 with a low category. There are five dominant risks and 12 risk controls.
EVALUATION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AT MEDOKAN AYU DISTRICT SURABAYA CITY
Authors: Hadi Usaamah , Hidayah Entin , Halik Gusfan
Published: May 2020

The problem of flood inundation in the Kebon Agung River at the Medokan Ayu Village, Rungkut District Surabaya, is getting worse due to the conditions of topographic, soil properties, high rainfalls, rising sea tides and very significant changes in land use. The eastern part of Surabaya, which was formerly open space land and now developed into a residential area. Therefore in the area, there is often flood inundation when the rainy season due to lack of recharge areas and poor drainage facilities. The performance evaluation of the drainage system was carried out using the SWMM program that is combining hydrology and hydraulic analysis. Hydrology analysis is used to determine various rainfall return periods. The maximum rainfall data are collected for 18 years. The hydraulic analysis is used to obtain the data in the form of cross-section, roughness, and drainage channel capacity. The results of the evaluation of drainage system modeling with SWMM have obtained the inundation points, namely for channels K3-K4-K5- K6-K7-K8 on the right side and Ki2-Ki3-Ki4-Ki5 on the left side.

Pemasalahan genangan banjir di Kali Kebon Agung di Kelurahan Medokan Ayu Kecamatan Rungkut Surabaya menjadi semakin parah karena kondisi topografi, sifat tanah, tingginya intensitas hujan, meningkatnya pasang surut air laut dan perubahan tata guna lahan yang sangat signifikan. Wilayah Surabaya bagian timur yang semula lahan terbuka kini berkembang menjadi daerah perumahan. Oleh sebab itu di wilayah tersebut sering terjadi genangan banjir saat musim hujan dikarenakan kurangnya daerah resapan dan fasilitas drainase yang kurang baik. Evaluasi kinerja sistem drainase pada wilayah tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan SWMM yang megabungkan pemodelan hidrologi dan hirdolika. Analisis hidrologi digunakan untuk menentukan berbagai kala ulang hujan. Data curah hujan maksimum digunakan selama 18 tahun. Analisis hidrolika digunakan untuk memperoleh data berupa penampang, kekasaran, dan kapasitas saluran drainase. Hasil running SWMM didapatkan titik titik lokasi genangan pada saluran K3-K4-K5-K6- K7-K8 pada sisi kanan dan Ki2-Ki3-Ki4-Ki5 pada sisi kiri.
RETROFITTING AND DACTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING AN EXTERNAL REINFORCEMENT METHOD
Authors: Triyuliani Novita Ike , Dewi Sri Murni , Susanti Lilya
Published: May 2020

The innovations strengthening building structures are important topics. Failure in structures such as beams and columns due to time, re-functions of a building, even initial design errors that are weak or lack the safety factor of a building structure. External reinforced concrete beams are one of the beams currently being developed. It is a concrete block with reinforcement of steel reinforcement on the outer (external) of the beam. This study aims to determine the index of increasing beam strength and ductility after retrofitting external steel reinforcement, which has the dimension of beams 15 x 15 x 100 cm, repeating 12 pcs, with external reinforcement each 6 pcs 2Ø6 and 3Ø6. The results from this study are an increasing the index of beam flexural strength after retrofit with external steel reinforcement. Meanwhile, beams after retrofit with 2Ø6 external steel have an average increase index of 1.25 and 1.21 while for external steel 3Ø6 are 1.29 and 1.60 respectively. The ductility depends on the value of ultimate load and maximum deflection that occurs, where the ductility value for the comparison of each specimen experiences a reduction in the average ductility value with 2Ø6 external steel which is 37.74% and 70.95% while with 3Ø6 external steel is 61,65% and 60.62%.

Berbagai inovasi upaya peningkatan kekuatan struktur bangunan telah menjadi bahasan yang penting. Kegagalan pada struktur seperti balok dan kolom karena umur, alih fungsi suatu bangunan, bahkan kesalahan desain awal yang lemah atau kurang memenuhi faktor keamanan suatu struktur bangunan. Balok beton bertulangan eksternal adalah salah satu balok yang sedang dikembangkan pada saat ini, yaitu balok beton dengan perkuatan tulangan baja di sisi terluar (eksternal). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks peningkatan kekuatan balok dan daktilitas setelah dilakukan perbaikan menggunakan tulangan baja eksternal, dengan dimensi balok 15 × 15 × 100 cm berulang 12 buah, penambahan tulangan baja eksternal masingmasing 6 buah 2Ø6 dan 3Ø6. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah indeks peningkatan kekuatan lentur balok setelah dilakukan perbaikan menggunakan tulangan baja eksternal. Dimana balok setelah dilakukan perbaikan dengan baja eksternal 2Ø6 memiliki indeks peningkatan rata-rata 1,25 dan 1,21 sedangkan untuk baja eksternal 3Ø6 masing-masing 1,29 dan 1,60. Daktilitas tergantung dari nilai beban ultimit dan lendutan maksimum yang terjadi, dimana nilai daktilitas untuk perbandingan tiap benda uji mengalami reduksi nilai daktilitas rata-rata dengan baja eksternal 2Ø6 yaitu sebesar 37,74% dan 70,95% sedangkan dengan baja eksternal 3Ø6 sebesar 61,65% dan 60,62%.
Zaznane značilnosti delovnega mesta in čustveno delo kot dejavniki delovne zavzetosti učiteljev
Authors: Košir Katja , Tement Sara , Horvat Marina
Published: May 2020

Delovna zavzetost učiteljev predstavlja pomemben dejavnik kakovosti njihovega poučevanja ter njihovega vedenja v razredu. Razumevanje dejavnikov, ki prispevajo k visoki stopnji delovne zavzetosti učiteljev, je ključno za spodbujanje kakovostnega vzgojno-izobraževalnega dela. Dosedanje raziskave tudi pri poklicni skupini učiteljev kažejo, da predstavljajo zaznane značilnosti delovnega okolja pomemben dejavnik delovne zavzetosti. Obenem se kot pomembna značilnost dela učiteljev kaže potreba po čustvenem delu, pri čemer lahko slednje predstavlja tako delovno zahtevo kot delovni vir. Namen pričujoče raziskave je bil izhajajoč iz modela delovnih zahtev in virov preveriti samozaznane delovne zahteve (splošne delovne obremenitve) in delovne vire (avtonomija, opora sodelavcev, opora nadrejenih) kot dejavnike delovne zavzetosti učiteljev na vzorcu 344 učiteljev iz 22 slovenskih osnovnih šol. Prav tako smo želele preveriti potencial strategij čustvenega dela kot bodisi dejavnika tveganja bodisi varovalnega dejavnika za delovno zavzetost učiteljev. Rezultati so pokazali, da predstavlja zaznana avtonomija pozitiven napovednik delovne zavzetosti ter da ima čustveno delo potencial, da predstavlja tako delovno zahtevo kot delovni vir. Površinsko čustveno delovanje se je namreč izkazalo za negativen napovednik delovne zavzetosti, globinske strategije pa so predstavljale pozitiven napovednik delovne zavzetosti. Na osnovi ugotovitev predlagamo nekatere ukrepe za povišanje delovne zavzetosti učiteljev.
Première partie : Outils de diagnostic et émergence des maladies infectieuses aquacoles
Authors: RENAULT T. , LE BRIS H.
Published: May 2020

L’apparition d’une maladie infectieuse en aquaculture est associée à des conditions zootechniques et environnementales données. De ce fait, le recueil des commémoratifs est absolument indispensable pour orienter le diagnostic et choisir les outils diagnostiques adaptés. Par ailleurs, pour répondre de manière efficace au problème de maladies émergentes infectieuses en aquaculture, il est nécessaire de disposer de réseaux de surveillance possédant un maillage assez fin et d’outils de diagnostic efficaces.
Le premier article de synthèse (Michel et al) présente les intérêts et les limites des principales techniques diagnostiques en santé des espèces aquacoles. Dans le domaine du diagnostic des maladies rencontrées en aquaculture, un triple constat s’impose : le manque de techniques de diagnostic sensibles et spécifiques validées (développement d’outils dans différents laboratoires souvent sans concertation), une absence de laboratoire référent en termes de diagnostic des maladies des poissons et un besoin de reconnaissance des techniques sérologiques en pathologie des poissons dans un cadre réglementaire.Le deuxième article de synthèse (Pépin et al) fait le point sur l’émergence de maladies chez des organismes non aquacoles. Les maladies infectieuses émergentes ou réémergentes sont principalement caractérisées par une augmentation brutale de leur incidence et par une incertitude sur l’ampleur du phénomène.Deux articles plus spécifiques donnent des exemples d’émergence de maladies infectieuses aquacoles chez les poissons et les mollusques (Saulnier et al, Douet). De nombreux cas de maladies infectieuses émergentes ont en effet été rapportés ces dernières décennies en aquaculture : infection herpétique de la carpe Koï, infections impliquant des bactéries du genre Vibrio chez les crevettes en Nouvelle-Calédonie, bonamiose de l’huître plate en Europe, infections à nodavirus. Ces cas montrent que les causes et les facteurs favorisant l’émergence de maladies infectieuses peuvent être multiples : apparition d’un nouvel agent infectieux, évolution d’un agent existant, introduction d’un agent pathogène exotique, notion de vecteurs et de transferts, évolution des techniques de diagnostic et effet de facteurs environnementaux. Conserver des échantillons de manière adéquate afin de pouvoir les analyser de nouveau lorsqu’il y a des améliorations ou des avancées en termes de diagnostic apparaît comme une approche indispensable afin de mieux connaître les maladies infectieuses et y faire face.
Les techniques de diagnostic en santé des espèces aquacoles : intérêt et limites
Authors: MICHEL C. , BERNARDET J.F. , CASTRIC J. , JOLY J.P.
Published: May 2020

Les agents pathogènes présents dans les milieux aquatiques peuvent exercer leurs méfaits dans tous les types d’élevage et sur toutes sortes d’espèces vertébrées ou invertébrées. Leur diagnostic a longtemps été handicapé par le manque de connaissances taxonomiques relatives aux organismes d’intérêt médical ou vétérinaire, mais les progrès accomplis en ce domaine avec le développement des approches génétiques et moléculaires permettent de disposer désormais d’un arsenal de techniques adaptées à toutes les situations. Leur emploi est dicté par le contexte clinique, sanitaire, voire réglementaire dans lequel s’inscrit la demande et par la priorité accordée à l’identification ou à la détection des organismes pathogènes. La revue critique des techniques accessibles aux laboratoires permettra d’aborder les questions posées par l’évolution de la pathologie aquacole et d’envisager quelques réponses qu’il serait possible d’apporter.
Émergence de maladies chez les organismes d’intérêt aquacole : quelques scénarios illustrés d’exemples
Authors: SAULNIER D. , REYNAUD Y. , ARZUL I. , MIOSSEC L. , LE ROUX F. , GOARANT C.
Published: May 2020

Selon l’Office International des Epizooties (OIE) une maladie émergente désigne une maladie grave récemment reconnue, dont la cause peut, ou non, avoir déjà été établie, et qui est susceptible de se propager au sein d’une population ou entre des populations, par exemple à l’occasion d’échanges internationaux d’animaux aquatiques et/ou de produits d’animaux aquatiques. Si les maladies émergentes qui affectent la santé humaine ont été très étudiées, celles qui touchent les organismes marins et les organismes aquacoles d’intérêt économique en particulier sont en revanche peu documentées. C’est en restreignant l’émergence aux seules maladies infectieuses que seront présentés de façon non exhaustive quelques scénarios de l’émergence des maladies chez les organismes d’intérêt aquacole en les illustrant par trois exemples disponibles dans la littérature scientifique : l’un relatif à l’apparition d’un agent pathogène chez un nouvel hôte avec le cas de l’herpesvirus de la carpe Koï, l’autre à l’évolution d’un agent pathogène existant avec le cas de la vibriose à Vibrio nigripulchritudo sévissant dans les élevages de crevettes pénéides de Nouvelle-Calédonie et enfin le dernier lié à l’introduction d’un pathogène préexistant avec le cas de Bonamia ostreae infectant l’huître plate Ostrea edulis. Les causes d’émergence de maladies sont multiples et font intervenir de façon intercurrente l’agent pathogène, l’environnement, l’hôte ou les espèces hôtes et des facteurs anthropiques. Dans le milieu marin, ces causes sont bien souvent méconnues. Dans ce contexte le développement des réseaux de surveillance et des techniques de diagnostic revêtent un intérêt considérable afin d’anticiper, de prévenir et/ou d’intervenir sur l’émergence des maladies en limitant leur conséquences sanitaires, écologiques et politiques.
Application de la modélisation en santé des espèces aquacoles
Authors: THEBAULT A. , PEELER E.J. , MURRAY A.G. , BRUN E. , GIOVANINNI A. , THRUSH M.A.
Published: May 2020

La lutte contre la propagation des maladies infectieuses et les conséquences de celles-ci de manière préventive est particulièrement importante en santé des espèces aquacoles, du fait des difficultés d’éradication des maladies une fois qu’elles sont introduites, notamment en milieu marin. Par conséquent, la modélisation en tant qu’outil prédictif est particulièrement justifiée. Une revue bibliographique a été menée dans le cadre du projet européen DIPNET en vue de dresser l’inventaire des modèles utilisés dans le domaine de la santé des espèces aquacoles. L’appréciation quantitative des risques commence à se développer pour certaines maladies des salmonidés d’Europe du nord, visant à garantir les transferts, aider les programmes, surveiller et prévenir l’apparition de maladies émergentes. Les modèles dynamiques de maladies commencent à être utilisés pour la gestion du risque, pour les salmonidés et pour les coquillages (USA) mais sont, suivant leur complexité, coûteux en données et en temps d’élaboration. Les modèles dynamiques sont indispensables cependant, quand on veut tester prédictivement l’effet de telle ou telle mesure, dans un système complexe de causalité. Les études épidémiologiques rigoureuses sont rares en santé des espèces aquacoles, malgré leurs intérêts démontrés dans le domaine de la santé. Les modèles décrivant le phénomène d’un point de vue spatial, les conséquences écologiques et économiques sont également rares en santé des espèces aquacoles. Ceci est paradoxal compte tenu des fortes interactions entre l’hôte et son environnement dans le milieu aquatique, et compte tenu de l’intérêt pour le gestionnaire de risque. Ces approches nécessitent cependant un travail impliquant des compétences multidisciplinaires, qu’il n’est pas forcément facile de réunir pour les productions aquacoles.
Les réseaux d’épidémio-surveillance REPANUI et REPAMO
Authors: JOLY J.P. , COCHENNEC-LAUREAU N. , FOUGEROUSE A. , FRANÇOIS C.
Published: May 2020

Le réseau français REPAMO a été créé en 1992 pour répondre aux directives européennes relatives aux conditions de police sanitaire des animaux d’aquaculture et au contrôle de certaines maladies affectant les mollusques bivalves. Ses missions sont : 1) la surveillance des maladies à déclaration obligatoire présentes en France, 2) l’étude des mortalités anormales, 3) la surveillance du statut zoosanitaire des populations de mollusques sauvages ou cultivés. Le réseau REPANUI a été créé plus récemment pour répondre à des buts similaires, en insistant plus particulièrement sur le suivi de la santé des huîtres perlières en appui à la filière d’élevage polynésienne.
Woody Species Structure and Regeneration Status in Kafta-Sheraro National Park Forest, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Authors: temesgen fitsum , Warkineh Bikila
Published: May 2020

The natural vegetation study was conducted in Kafta-sheraro national park (KSNP) North, Ethiopia to explore floristic composition, structure and regeneration of woody species in the home of African elephant. In the park, the above information is not well documented which is necessary for conservation. Data were collected From August to December 2018. The vegetation data were collected from 161 quadrats of size 20m×20m, 5mx5m for shrub ̸ tree, sapling and seedling respectively. Individual trees and shrubs DBH >=2.5cm and height >=2m were measured using Tape meter and Clinometer respectively. DBH, frequency, density, basal area, and IVI were used for vegetation structure. A total of 70 woody species 46 (65.7%) trees, 18 (25.7%) shrubs and 6 (8.6%) tree ̸ shrub) were identified. The total basal area and density of 79.3 m2 ha-1, and 466 ±12.8 (S.E.) individuals ha-1 were calculated for 64 woody species. Fabaceae was the most dominant family occupied 16 species (23.0%) followed by Combretaceae 8 species (11.4%). Acacia mellifera and Combretum hartmannianum were the most dominant and frequent species. Abnormal patterns of selected woody species were dominantly identified. Regenerating status all the woody plant species was categorized as “Fair” (18.75%), “Poor” (7.81 %) and “None” (73.44%). However, there is good initiation for conservation of the park; still the vegetation of the park was threatened by firewood collection, charcoal production, fire, intensive farming, mining and over grazing. Therefore, the study area as the habitat for the population of the African elephant; the KSNP should be recommended the highest conservation priority and studied the soil seed bank of species having poor regeneration condition.
The Potential of Digital Platforms in Revitalising the Livestock System in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Gwaka Leon Tinashe
Published: May 2020

Livestock contribute towards household food security in rural communities through income generation and provision of animal-source food. However, livestock system are fragile for example, in Zimbabwe, communities face challenges such as fewer buyers, poor infrastructure, and information asymmetry when selling livestock. Emerging digital platforms promise opportunities to address these challenge but only anecdotal evidence exist. This paper uses data from Beitbridge to explore the potential of digital platforms to revitalise the livestock auction system. Study findings show that digital platforms are designed with affordances which can help overcome challenges within the livestock system. However, these digital platforms are also fraught with hidden complexities such as power dynamics. Thus, despite digital platforms’ affordances, their design inherently extends beyond technical functions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for discussions exploring the contrast between affordances and complexities to enable target users to make informed decisions on the adoption and use of digital platforms.
Business Model Challenges for Cab Aggregators: A Case Study of Ola
Authors: Singh Robin
Published: May 2020

This research discusses the business model challenges faced by cag aggregator platform models in developing countries. Technology-based platforms have been disrupting traditional businesses and rewriting the rules of the game. Ola cabs has been instrumental in shaping the Indian platform business landscape in a big way. Using case methodology the author analyses the situation and business model to present the salient features of Ola’s model. However, this paper also puts the spotlight on the inherent challenges in this model and warns the need for continuous business model innovation and service quality.
Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga di Mojomulyo, Sragen Kulon, Kabupaten Sragen melalui Usaha Telur Asin Aneka Rasa
Authors: Dewanti Ratih , Wati Ari Kusuma , Kartikasari Lilik Retna
Published: May 2020

Salted eggs are very potential to be used as a cheaper source of animal protein compared to meat. Salted eggs of various flavors have not been popular in Sragen Regency, so they have the prospect of being developed as a new culinary. Housewives in Mojomulyo, Sragen Kulon, Sragen Regency who are members of the social gathering of neighborhoods have a lot of free time. The problem was that they need additional income from their own home business which could be part-time besides their main duties as a housewife. Salted eggs of various flavors were salted eggs which were given additional flavors, that was the taste of soto, onion, durian, curry, spicy, chocolate, and strawberry. It was hoped that with the diversification of salted eggs, it can increase the target of consumers, especially children, and children can more easily obtain sources of animal protein because they like eating eggs. Eggs that were salted and made of various flavors were duck eggs, chicken eggs and quail eggs. Community service activities include counseling activities, the practice of making salted eggs, the practice of making salted eggs of various flavors, simple bookkeeping, packaging and marketing of products. This community service activities was useful for increasing the knowledge and utilizing their free time of housewives in Mojomulyo. Through this activity, the abilities and skills of housewives in Mojomulyo have increased and were expected to be economically independent.
Sosialisasi dan Peningkatan Keterampilan dalam Pemanfaatan Bahan Pengawet Alami pada Produk Nugget di Desa Ngringo, Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Swastike Winny , Suryanto Edi , Jamhari Jamhari , Sujarwanto Rio Olympias
Published: May 2020

The synthetic preservatives are often used in processing food and often found in the packaginginformation tables. Enhancing of dangerous preservatives such as formaldehyde and borax are also still found in food. Enchancing knowledge about the types of preservatives, the dosage and the dangers that can happen need to be done. This activity aims to improve knowledge and skills, especially in the utilization of natural preservatives in food processing. Participants in this activity were PKK cadres. This activity consists of 3 stages. The first stage was the socialization of preservatives, types of preservatives and the danger of using synthetic preservatives. The second activity was increasing knowledge of various types of natural preservatives around us that can be used in food processing. The third stage was the application of natural preservatives into the processed of chicken nugget. The success of this activity was seen from the increasing of indicators percentage that were used as parameters to determine the result. The conclusion obtained from this activity is that this activity can increase knowledge about the usage of natural preservatives in processed foods, especially nuggets, to replace synthetic preservatives.
PEMILIHAN STARTER CAIR UNGGUL UNTUK FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO
Authors: Misgiyarta NFN , Fauzi Anas Miftah , Syamsu Khaswar , Munarso S Joni
Published: May 2020

Kualitas biji kakao fermentasi rendah  karena kualitas starter mikroba untuk fermentasi biji kakao rendah. Seleksi starter mikroba diperlukan untuk mendapatkan starter yang unggul. Ada dua jenis starter, yaitu starter cair dan starter kering. Starter cair banyak digunakan untuk fermentasi biji kakao. Starter yang diuji adalah starter cair, yaitu starter Inoka, starter cair BB-Pasca, dan starter yoghurt. Seleksi starter mikroba dilakukan dengan memfermentasi pulp biji kakao selama 24 jam pada berbagai suhu fermentasi (20oC, 30oC, dan 40oC). Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah total mikroba, laju pertumbuhan mikroba starter, tingkat konsumsi gula pereduksi oleh mikroba starter, total asam yang diproduksi, tingkat penurunan pH, dan peningkatan suhu fermentasi serta korelasi antara parameter pengamatan penelitian. Starter cair unggul yang terpilih adalah starter cair Inoka. Karakteristik starter Inoka adalah memiliki tingkat laju pertumbuhan μ = 0.470, konsumsi gula pereduksi oleh mikroba starter 12%, peningkatan asam total 7%, penurunan pH 5,2, dan peningkatan suhu fermentasi 1,56oC  serta korelasi antara parameter penelitian di atas 0,61.

 

Selection of Superior Liquid Starters for Cocoa Beans Fermentation

The quality of fermented cocoa beans varies because the microbial starter for fermented cocoa beans varies. The selection of starter is needed to get a superior starter. The starter tested is a liquid starter, that is the Inoka starter, the BB-Pasca liquid starter, the yoghurt. The selection of starter is done by fermenting cocoa bean pulp for 24 hours at various fermentation temperatures (20oC, 30oC and 40oC). The parameters observed were total microbial count, microbial growth rate of starter, consumption of reducing sugars by starter microbes, total acid produced, decrease of pH, and increase of fermentation temperature and the correlation between the parameters of the study. The selected superior liquid starter is the Inoka liquid starter. The characteristics of Inoka starter are to have a growth rate of μ = 0.470, consumption of reducing sugars by starter microbes 12%, total acid increase of 7%, decrease in pH 5.2, and increase in fermentation temperature of 1.56oC and correlation between research parameters above 0.61.
PENDUGAAN UMUR SIMPAN EKSTRAK KERING BEKU BIJI MELINJO KERIKIL (GNETUM GNEMON L. “KERIKIL”) BERDASARKAN KADAR SENYAWA RESVERATROL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Kunarto Bambang , Sutardi NFN , Supriyanto NFN , Anwar Chairil
Published: May 2020

Biji melinjo kerikil mengandung resveratrol yang merupakan senyawa turunan stilbenoid dan mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan. Selama penyimpanan, senyawa resveratol dapat mengalami perubahan berupa oksidasi dan degradasi yang berdampak pada aktivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga umur simpan ekstrak kering beku biji melinjo kerikil berdasarkan kadar resveratrol dan aktivitas antioksidan (penghambatan radikal DPPH) sebagai indikator kerusakan. Pendugaan umur simapn dilakukan dengan metoda accelerated shelf life test (ASLT). Metoda ini didasarkan pada penyimpanan pada kondisi yang direkayasa sehingga mempercepat yang terjadinya kerusakan. Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 35 hari pada suhu simpan 35°C, 45°C adn 55°C. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa parameter mutu kritis pada penyimpanan ekstrak kering beku melinjo kerikil adalah aktivitas antioksidan (penghambatan radikal DPPH) karena memiliki energi aktivasi (1301,09 kal/mol) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan energi aktivasi kadar senyawa recveratrol. Umur simpan ekstrak keirng beku biji melinjo kerikil pada penyimpanan 35; 45; 55 dan 28°C berturut-turut adalah 13,57 hari, 12,67 hari, 11,83 hari dan 14,56 hari.

 

Shelf life estimation of melinjo kerikil seeds freeze-dried extract based on resveratrol and antioxidant activity

Melinjo kerikil seeds contain resveratrol which is a stilbenoid derivative compound and has antioxidant activity. During storage, resveratrol can be dagraded which have an impact on their antioxidant activity. The aim of this study wa to estimate teh shelf life of melinjo kerikil seed freeze-dried extract based on resveratrol content and inhibition of DPPH radicals as an indicator of damage. Estimation of shelf life is carried out by the accelerated shelf life test (ASLT). This method is based on storage in conditions that are engineered so as to speed up the occurrence of damage. Storage is carried out for 35 days at the temperature of 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C. The results showed that the critical quality parameter in the storage of melinjo kerikil seed freeze-dried extracs was inhibition of DPPH radicals. This is because the activation energy of inhibition of DPPH radicals is lower than the revertrol activation energy. The Shelf life of melinjo kerikil seed freeze-dried extract at storage 35; 45; 55 and 28°C respectively were 13.57 days, 12.67 days, 11.83 days and 14.56 days.

 
Desenvolvimento conceitual e teórico na literatura dos regimes de bem-estar latino-americanos
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Rufino
Published: May 2020

Recentemente, pesquisadores se apropriaram do enquadramento analítico dos regimes bem-estar, cunhado por Esping-Andersen (1991), para estabelecer análises comparativas da América Latina. Tais estudos proporcionaram um interessante desenvolvimento teórico sobre os regimes de bem-estar latino-americanos. O presente artigo realiza uma análise desse desenvolvimento teórico, debatendo seus principais postulados e relacionando-os com o debate geral sobre os regimes de bem-estar. Por um lado, é possível identificar similaridades com as teorias sobre os regimes de bem-estar da OCDE. Por outo lado, os estudos revelam que os regimes de bem-estar latino-americanos apresentam uma dinâmica mais complexa e requer novas ferramentas analíticas.
A Distribuição dos Royalties do Petróleo e a Eficiência na Gestão Financeira dos Municípios do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Froemming Douglas Schiavoni , Contani Eduardo Augusto do Rosário , Bergmann Daniel Reed , Da Silva Fabiana Lopes
Published: May 2020

A Lei do Petróleo trouxe para alguns Municípios uma nova fonte de recursos, disponibilizada pela distribuição dos royalties. Questiona-se se não há, por parte desses Municípios, um relaxamento no esforço fiscal e aumento da ineficiência. Esse estudo tem por objetivo verificar se os royalties contribuem para o aumento das ineficiências nos Municípios envolvidos em sua busca pelas receitas próprias. Foram selecionados 56 Municípios do Estado de São Paulo, durante o período compreendido entre os anos de 2005 a 2012. Para medir a eficiência foi utilizada a Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis – DEA). A análise de Regressão Logística foi utilizada com o intuito de identificar quais variáveis provocaram as ineficiências nos Municípios analisados. Os resultados mostraram que os royalties distribuídos aos Municípios paulistas possuem grande variabilidade e são relevantes apenas em alguns deles. Não houve diferença significativa no esforço fiscal dos Municípios afetados pela variável royalties de petróleo.
As variáveis para uma gestão de contratos eficiente: o caso de uma empresa pública federal
Authors: De Oliveira Wanderson Fernandes Modesto , Leone Rodrigo José Guerra , De Souza Lieda Amaral
Published: May 2020

is work aims to identify variables related to an efficient contract management leading a public company to reduce costs andto improve the quality of the services that are provided by contractors. An exploratory and qualitative researchwas made, inwhich the notes were collected by in-depth interviews with five regional contract managers from the public company that isthe object of the study. ese interviews were treated by content analysis, using the NVivo11 soware. e results showed theexistence of nine specific activity variables not yet referenced in literature, being the main ones the control of the duration ofcontracts, the compliance with the time limit for handling the process of preparation of addenda and the control of the regularityof the documentation of the process for issuance of an additive term. It is concluded that the contract management of PublicAdministration may lead to cost reduction with the hiring and with the execution of the contract with the contractor and also tothe improvement of the quality of service that is provided, through these three new variables.Keywords: Public management, Contract management, Cost reduction, Quality of services, Contracted companies.
Quando o Desastre Bate à Porta: Reflexões sobre a Ética da Gestão Pública de Riscos e de Desastres
Authors: Santos Laís Silveira , Serafim Mauricio C.
Published: May 2020

O aumento na ocorrência de tragédias em todo o mundo exige que governo e sociedade atuem na gestão integrada de riscos e de desastres, reforçando a importância desse tema em diferentes níveis do poder público nos quais questões éticas muitas vezes se manifestam. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo teórico foi realizar uma reflexão sobre a ética da gestão pública de riscos e de desastres. Foi enfatizada a ética dos desastres como elemento indispensável para a gestão de emergências, evidenciando alguns de seus possíveis dilemas morais e a atuação do gestor público. Apesar dos princípios éticos de solução serem uma das alternativas para análise dos dilemas, normalmente eles são difíceis de operacionalizar em situações reais de crise. Assim, torna-se importante a realização de uma redução sociológica como método de assimilação crítica de forma que o tema possa ser pesquisado considerando as especificidades da cultura e gestão pública brasileira.
Percepción de riesgo e influencia normativa: asociación con el consumo de sustancias en estudiantes
Authors: Scoppetta Orlando , Martínez Ortiz Efrén , Martín Andrés
Published: May 2020

Los estudios en Colombia muestran una tendencia al descenso en el uso de alcohol y tabaco. Sin embargo, el inicio de su consumo en la niñez multiplica el riesgo de dependencia de otras enfermedades y lesiones. Por lo anterior, identificar los factores que disminuyan la probabilidad del consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos, constituye el fundamento de la prevención con base en evidencia. Siguiendo esta línea, se estimó la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos con la percepción de riesgo y la influencia normativa mediante un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra de 4.071 estudiantes adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años, como parte de la evaluación de un programa de prevención. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que hay una asociación significativa entre la percepción de riesgo y la influencia normativa, con la intención de consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos y el consumo de cigarrillos en el último mes. Esta asociación no fue confirmada por el análisis multivariado en todos los subgrupos de adolescentes. En todo caso, estos factores deben integrarse en un contexto analítico más amplio para lograr mejores intervenciones preventivas.
El estudio de drogas en México: mapeo sobre la producción académica en Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct y Redalyc.
Authors: Beltrán Velarde Daniel Francisco
Published: May 2020

México se encuentra en el 2018 ante una coyuntura respecto a su política de drogas; diversos acontecimientos sugieren la importancia de estudiar la correspondencia entre la producción académica sobre drogas y el contexto mexicano. Objetivos. Identificar y analizar los trabajos publicados del 2013 al 2018 en Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Redalyc; y compararlos con algunas características contextuales de México. Desarrollo del tema. Se realizó una búsqueda sistematica en las bases de datos mencionadas. Luego, mediante un análisis de documentos, se clasificó el corpus de datos por poblaciones, lugares, drogas, temas, metodologías y afiliación de autoras y autores. Posteriormente, por medio de un análisis relacional de las investigaciones, se identificaron tendencias de estudio. Conclusiones. Se compararon las tendencias de estudio con la información contenida en la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017, el reporte del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Adicciones 2016 y otras características del contexto mexicano, como la inminente legalización del cannabis. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de plantear temas que atiendan la inminente regulación de determinadas drogas.
Actitudes favorables y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes ecuatorianos.
Authors: Mayorga-Lascano Marlon , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , León-Tamayo Lorena , Troncozo-Guevara María Belén
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Conocer las diferencias de las actitudes hacia el consumo de alcohol entre bebedores de riesgo y no riesgo, y la relación hacia el consumo en una muestra de adolescentes ecuatorianos. Método. Estudio descriptivo, comparativo, correlacional con las escalas AUDIT y de Actitudes hacia el Alcohol (EAA). 1,259 adolescentes (55.3% hombres), de entre 12 a 19 años (M = 15; DT = 1,56) estudiantes de 11 centros educativos (68.1% públicos) de Educación General Básica (58.1%) y Bachillerato (41.9%). Resultados. Los niveles de consumo de alcohol son bajos, las actitudes hacia el consumo son desfavorables. Existen más actitudes favorables al consumo de alcohol entre consumidores de riesgo y no riesgo (t = -18.48; p < .001). Las actitudes hacia el consumo predicen entre 23% y un 15% los cambios de la varianza en muestras normalizadas, más no en muestras con perfil de riesgo en el consumo de alcohol. Conclusión. Las actitudes al consumo son limitadas al momento de predecir conductas de riesgo como el consumo de alcohol.
Funciones ejecutivas, conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mendoza-Armenta Mayra , Valdez-Montero Carolina , Valle-Solís Martha Ofelia , Ahumada-Cortez Jesica Guadalupe , Gámez-Medina Mario Enrique
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Identificar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible de la relación entre las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes. Método. Se realizó búsqueda en: Elsevier, Academic Search Complete (Ebsco), MedicLatina (Ebsco), Bussines Source Complete (Ebsco), Regional Business News (Ebsco) y Google Académico. Se utilizó los descriptores DeCs y MeSH y la lista de chequeo de Joanna Briggs Institute para la selección de los estudios. Resultados. Se eligieron ocho estudios. El 62.5% de los estudios abordaron las FE de manera general o algún(os) componente(s). El 37.5% de los estudios mostraron que a menor FE mayor conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas. Conclusiones. Las FE es un constructo complejo y juega un papel importante en la regulación de la conducta, así como en la toma de decisiones y la atención de los adolescentes. Los hallazgos indican que las FE se relacionan con las conductas sexuales de riesgo, sin embargo, se encuentra una variedad en los resultados con respecto al consumo de drogas.
Caregiver Burden is Reduced by Personalized Social Support for Non-Dependent Old Persons: a Longitudinal Study of 876 Old Persons and Their Caregivers
Authors: Arlotto Sylvie , Gentile Stéphanie , Durand Anne Claire , Bonin-Guillaume Sylvie
Published: May 2020

Background . Informal care provided by family caregivers to old persons is associated with a high risk of burden and poor health status. This study aimed to analyze the impact of Personalized Social Support (PSS) for non-dependent old persons living in the community on caregiver burden, satisfaction, and frailty. Methods . This non-interventional longitudinal study was performed in the southeast of France: old persons asking for PSS (>70 years of age, with no disability and no severe chronic disease, living at home) and their caregivers were included with a 6-month follow-up. Eligible dyads were visited at home by social workers. Caregiver burden was assessed with Mini-Zarit and frailty status with FiND (Frail Non-Disabled). Results . 876 dyads were eligible for PSS. Old persons were 82.2 ± 5.8 years old and 77.6% were women. Most caregivers were women (64.5%). Most caregivers were the children of the old person (61%), the rest were mostly spouses. Nearly 64% of old persons were frail and 38% were highly dependent. Follow-up was conducted for 686 dyads (78.3%). Of these, only 569 had PSS. The PSS was mainly for housework and meal preparation. At the time of follow-up, 53% of the caregivers for whom the old person had PSS had less difficulty helping their old person. Two-thirds (61.5%) of caregivers were fully satisfied with the PSS. Whether or not they had received the PSS, 73% of caregivers had reduced burden at 6 months, only 6% still had a high burden, 17% were less frail, and 18% felt healthier than at the time of inclusion. Conclusions . Our study highlights that non-dependent old person’s caregivers also experience burden. Implementing social support for activities of daily living had a major impact on their burden but not on their level of frailty. This means that the determinants of caregiver frailty are more complex and further studies are needed. Keywords: Caregiver’s burden. Old person. Personalized social support .
Predictive value of postoperative NLR, PLR and LMR for early periprosthetic joint infection after total joint arthroplasty: a pilot study
Authors: Zhao Guang lei , Chen Jie , Wang Jin , Wang Siqun , Xia Jun , Wei Yibing , Wu Jianguo , Huang Gangyong , Chen Feiyan , Shi Jingsheng , Huang Xin
Published: May 2020

Background： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for early periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods : During the period from January 2008 to December 2016, 104 patients (26 early PJI cases and 78 non-PJI cases) who underwent total joint arthroplasty at the Department of Orthopedics in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All of the relevant clinical information and laboratory indexes were reviewed from our hospital follow-up system. The time when any abnormal symptoms or signs occurred, including fever, local swelling or redness around the surgical site between the 2nd and 4th weeks after surgery, was defined as the “suspect time”. We compared laboratory parameters, including NLR, PLR, LMR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), between the two groups. The trends of NLR, LMR, PLR, CRP and ESR were also reviewed after surgery. The predictive ability of these parameters at the suspect time for early PJI was evaluated by multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results : NLR, PLR and LMR returned to preoperative levels within two weeks after surgery in the two groups. In the early PJI group, NLR and PLR were significantly increased during the incubation period of infection or infection, and LMR was significantly reduced, although 61.5% (16/26) of the patients had normal white blood cells. Interestingly, ESR and CRP were still relatively high two weeks after surgery, and the change in these two indexes was not obvious when infection occurred. NLR and PLR were significantly correlated with early PJI (Odds ratio (OR) N LR =88.36, OR PLR =1.12, P NLR =0.005, P PLR =0.01), and NLR had great predictive ability for early PJI, with a cut-off value of 2.77 (sensitivity=84.6%, specificity=89.7%, 95% CI=0.86-0.97) . Conclusions: ESR and CRP are not sensitive for the diagnosis of early PJI due to their persistently high levels after arthroplasty. The postoperative NLR at the suspected time has a great ability to predict early PJI, and more attention should be paid to it.
The Correlation Analysis of Caries Status Between Primary Molars and First Permanent Molars
Authors: Xu Liang , Liang Yuee , Chen Leyi , Lv Xiaolin , Liu Haixia , Zhao Youran , Xu Wenan
Published: May 2020

Background: First permanent molars (FPMs) are the most critical teeth in the dental arc. Meanwhile they bear the highest risk for carious lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 8-9-year-old children in Guangzhou, and the correlation between the caries of primary molars and first permanent molars (FPMs).Methods: 119 samples of children aged 8-9 were included. The scoring and evaluation were processed in accordance with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package by means of Pearson Chi-square test and Kendall’s correlation.Results: Pearson Chi-Square test showed that the prevalence of dental caries of the first primary molars, second primary molars and primary molars had significant correlation with that of FPMs, while Kendall’s correlation analysis showed that they had weak positive correlation. What’s more, the Pearson chi-square test showed that there was no significant correlation between the degree of dental caries of different primary molars and FPMs.Conclusion: Caries in primary molars, especially the second molars, were considered to be a risk indicator for the development of permanent molars in the future. However, regardless of the degree of primary molars caries, the susceptibility of FPMs caries should be aware of. And pit and fissure sealants for them should be carried out as soon as possible.