bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the future distribution of antibiotic resistance using time series forecasting and geospatial modelling
Authors: Jeffrey Benjamin , Aanensen David M. , Croucher Nicholas J. , Bhatt Samir
Published: August 2020

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance in a location may be mitigated by changes in treatment policy, or interventions to limit transmission of resistant bacteria. Therefore, accurate forecasting of the distribution of antibiotic resistance could be advantageous. Two previously published studies addressed this, but neither study compared alternative forecasting algorithms or considered spatial patterns of resistance spread.

Methods: We analysed data describing the annual prevalence of antibiotic resistance per country in Europe from 2012 – 2016, and the quarterly prevalence of antibiotic resistance per clinical commissioning group in England from 2015 – 2018. We combined these with data on rates of possible covariates of resistance. These data were used to compare the previously published forecasting models, with other commonly used forecasting models, including one geospatial model. Covariates were incorporated into the geospatial model to assess their relationship with antibiotic resistance.

Results: For the European data, which was recorded on a coarse spatiotemporal scale, a naïve forecasting model was consistently the most accurate of any of the forecasting models tested. The geospatial model did not improve on this accuracy. However, it did provide some evidence that antibiotic consumption can partially explain the distribution of resistance.

The English data were aggregated at a finer scale, and expected-trend-seasonal (ETS) forecasts were the most accurate. The geospatial model did not significantly improve upon the median accuracy of the ETS model, but it appeared to be less sensitive to noise in the data, and provided evidence that rates of antibiotic prescription and bacteraemia are correlated with resistance.

Conclusion: Annual, national-level surveillance data appears to be insufficient for fitting accurate antibiotic resistance forecasting models, but there is evidence that data collected at a finer spatiotemporal scale could be used to improve forecast accuracy. Additionally, incorporating antibiotic prescription or consumption data into the model could improve the predictive accuracy.
Longitudinal evidence for persistent anxiety in young adults through COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Kwong Alex S. F. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Smith Daniel , Northstone Kate , Lawlor Deborah A. , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related mitigation measures are associated with poorer mental health in cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys. However, it’s unclear if this represents an adaptive response to an unprecedented event that is short lived, or the beginning of longer mental health problems that persist beyond the initial outbreak of the pandemic. We used data from the index generation of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (young people aged 26-29) to examine anxiety at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020) and again once restrictions were eased (June 2020). We compared these to two pre-pandemic assessments of anxiety measured 2013/2014 and 2015/17. We found that the percentage of individuals with anxiety was almost double during the COVID-19 assessments compared to pre-pandemic levels, with 15% of individuals having anxiety at both occasions (persistent anxiety). Being female, those with per-existing mental health conditions, a history of financial problems and those who had reported difficulties accessing mental health information were at greater risk of persistent anxiety. Our findings suggest that anxiety in response to COVID-19 is not just an initial reaction but potentially the start of a persistent problem that extends beyond the pandemic. Efforts must be made to address risk groups who could be disproportionally affected as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigation measures.
Hospitalized Medical Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Review of the Literature and a Roadmap for Improved Care
Authors: Fletcher Kathlyn E , Steinbach Scott , Lewis Flower , Hendricks Molly , Kwan Brian
Published: August 2020

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is common in the United States, with a prevalence of nearly 8% in the general population and between 10%-30% in veterans. Despite how common PTSD is, inpatient providers may not be familiar with its manifestations or feel comfortable taking care of patients who may exhibit symptoms related to it. In our combined experience as VA-based hospital medicine care providers, we have cared for thousands of patients hospitalized for a primary medical condition who also have PTSD as a comorbidity. We have noticed in our practices that we only focus our attention on PTSD if a related problem arises during a patient’s hospitalization (eg, confrontations with the care team or high levels of anxiety). We contend that a more proactive approach could lead to better care, but little evidence about best practices exists to inform the interdisciplinary team how to optimally care for hospitalized medical patients with PTSD. In this narrative review, we present a synthesis of existing literature, describe how trauma-informed care could be used to guide the approach to patients with PTSD, and generate ideas for changes that inpatient providers could implement now, such as engaging patients to prevent PTSD exacerbations and promoting better sleep in the hospital.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America Update on Community‐Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Jackson Christopher D , Burroughs‐Ray Desirée C , Summers Nathan A
Published: August 2020

GUIDELINE TITLE

Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community‐Acquired Pneumonia: An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

RELEASE DATE

October 2019

PRIOR VERSION

2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

DEVELOPER

American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

FUNDING SOURCE

American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

TARGET POPULATION

Immunocompetent adult patients with community‐acquired pneumonia
The Effects of Care Team Roles on Situation Awareness in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Soberano Blaise T , Brady Patrick , Yunger Toni , Jones Rhonda , Stoneman Erin , Sosa Tina , Stalets Erika L , Zackoff Matthew , Chima Ranjit , Tegtmeyer Ken , Dewan Maya
Published: August 2020

Improved situation awareness (SA) decreases rates of clinical deterioration in the pediatric inpatient setting. We used a prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study to measure interprofessional care team SA for a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. The resident, bedside nurse, and respiratory therapist for each patient were surveyed regarding high clinical deterioration risk status as defined by clinical criteria identified by the PICU fellow or attending and mitigation plan. From March 2018 to July 2019, we surveyed 400 care team trios caring for 73 high‐risk patients. Nurses identified the patient's risk status correctly for 375 of 400 patients (94%), respiratory therapists, 380 (95%; P = .4), and residents, 349 (87%; P = .002). For the 73 high‐risk patients, nurses were correct 82% of the time, respiratory therapists, 85%, P = .7, and residents, 67%, P = .04. Interventions targeting resident SA are needed within the PICU, especially for high‐risk patients.
Efeitos do ensino por problemas sobre a atividade física e aptidão física em escolares
Authors: Testa Junior Ademir , Pellegrinotti Idico Luiz
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as mudanças na atividade física e aptidão física após aulas de Educação Física escolar fundamentadas no ensino por resolução de problemas. Participaram da pesquisa, dois grupos (G1 n = 33 e G2 n=35) compostos por jovens com 17 anos de idade. Os integrantes do G1 e do G2 participaram de aulas sobre conteúdo da aptidão física, por meio da metodologia baseada na resolução de problemas, durante 20 aulas. Os integrantes do G1 tiveram as aulas predominantemente teóricas; para o G2, as aulas foram predominantemente práticas. A bateria de testes de aptidão física da PROESP-BR e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-versão curta) foram utilizados antes e após a intervenção. A quantidade de participantes muito ativos aumentou 21,2% no G1 e não sofreu alterações no G2 (31,4%). Houve diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre momentos (pré vs pós) no G1, na flexibilidade e força abdominal, e efeito pequeno para a flexibilidade, velocidade e força abdominal. No G2 observou-se diferença significante e efeito pequeno para flexibilidade, resistência e velocidade. Concluiu-se que as duas intervenções didáticas promoveram alteração no nível de atividade física, mas o efeito foi maior nos escolares do G1. O nível de aptidão física foi maior após as intervenções no G1 e no G2. O estudo revelou a importância de se promover a disseminação dos saberes e valores sobre a vida fisicamente ativa.
Wallace-Wells, David. A Terra Inabitável: uma história do futuro. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2019, 374p. ISSN: 978-85-359-3239-3
Authors: Nascimento Victor De Matos
Published: August 2020

A obra contribui ao trazer um panorama que foca em questões centrais da mudança climática, como o aquecimento global, o aumento do nível dos oceanos e colapsos sociais. O eixo condutor da narrativa é a premissa de que a mudança climática é pior do que se imagina e é um fenômeno que não se pode evitar. O livro mobiliza uma série de eventos que têm ocorrido no planeta para ressaltar a necessidade urgente de ações em âmbito global para se evitar o agravamento deste problema.Palavras-chave: Mudança Climática; Aquecimento Global; Política Internacional.ABSTRACTThe book contributes by bringing a panorama that focuses on central issues of climate change, such as global warming, rising sea levels and social collapses. The guiding principle of the narrative is the premise that climate change is worse than imagined and is a phenomenon that cannot be avoided. The book mobilizes a series of events that have taken place on the planet to highlight the urgent need for actions at a global level to avoid aggravating this problem.Key words: Climate Change; Global Warming; International Politics.Recebido em: 04 Mai. 2020 | Aceito em: 22 Jun. 2020
Rare health conditions 37: rabies, Kawasaki disease, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS)
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: August 2020

Chris Barber, Registered Nurse for Those with a Learning Disability

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000 and many healthcare assistants (HCAs) and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This 37th article will briefly explore four of these conditions: rabies, Kawasaki disease, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS).
How can fundamental British values be demonstrated in clinical practice?
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the concept of ‘fundamental British values’ and how these can be demonstrated within clinical practice by support workers and nursing associates. Given recent events in both the US and around the world, highlighting deep-seated racism within society, it is important that the key areas of British values are examined. Following an introduction, links to the Nursing Midwifery Council ( NMC, 2018 ) code will be made. Then the five key areas that make up British values—democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, mutual respect, and tolerance of those of different faiths and beliefs—will be discussed. The article will finish off with outlining how the controversial ‘Prevent’ training aims to protect and safeguard vulnerable patients from becoming radicalised and to challenge extremism within our society.
The environmental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: August 2020

Linda Nazarko explains the long-term, post-pandemic cost of single-use face coverings
Diverse Aspects of ABA Signaling under Drought Stress in Wheat
Authors: Yumurtaci Aysen
Published: August 2020

Wheat is one of the oldest cultivated crops existed from the early ancient times. Incread temperatures show that drought has become one of the major environmental stresses which seriously restricts the global wheat production by causing a fluctuation in harvest amount. There are numerous breeding efforts by using new biotechological tools to avoid negative effects of drought, including changes in gene expression of some pivotal genome regions, induced signaling pathways, increased antioxidant activity, enhanced compatible solutes and osmoprotectant proteins, etc. To afford the water scarcity, abscisic acid (ABA), a plant growth regulator, has an important role on these internal responses. ABA levels increase during drought stress, accompanied by major changes in gene expression. After increased ABA levels, a signal cascade transported to the leaves triggers the stomotal closure to prevent extra evaporation of water. An activation of several stress signaling factors and corresponding changes become more visible. Physiological studies combined with the molecular approaches help to dissect several exact strategies for unlocking the ABA signal pathways during drought stress. From these aspects, this review summarizes the ABA related studies under drought stress in wheat and the role of ABA related intermediate molecules at cell level.
A lean bioabsorbable magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy ZX00 used for operative treatment of medial malleolus fractures
Authors: Holweg Patrick , Herber Valentin , Ornig Martin , Hohenberger Gloria , Donohue Nicolas , Puchwein Paul , Leithner Andreas , Seibert Franz
Published: August 2020

Aims

This study is a prospective, non-randomized trial for the treatment of fractures of the medial malleolus using lean, bioabsorbable, rare-earth element (REE)-free, magnesium (Mg)-based biodegradable screws in the adult skeleton.

Methods

A total of 20 patients with isolated, bimalleolar, or trimalleolar ankle fractures were recruited between July 2018 and October 2019. Fracture reduction was achieved through bioabsorbable Mg-based screws composed of pure Mg alloyed with zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) ( Mg-Zn0.45-Ca0.45, in wt.%; ZX00). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the presence of complications (adverse events) during follow-up (12 weeks) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The functional outcomes were analyzed through the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Fracture reduction and gas formation were assessed using several plane radiographs.

Results

The follow-up was performed after at least 12 weeks. The mean difference in ROM of the talocrural joint between the treated and the non-treated sites decreased from 39° (SD 12°) after two weeks to 8° (SD 11°) after 12 weeks (p ≤ 0.05). After 12 weeks, the mean AOFAS score was 92.5 points (SD 4.1). Blood analysis revealed that Mg and Ca were within a physiologically normal range. All ankle fractures were reduced and stabilized sufficiently by two Mg screws. A complete consolidation of all fractures was achieved. No loosening or breakage of screws was observed.

Conclusion

This first prospective clinical investigation of fracture reduction and fixation using lean, bioabsorbable, REE-free ZX00 screws showed excellent clinical and functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):477–483.
Cause-related marketing: Exploring the differences between Gen Y and Gen Z in India
Authors: Pandey Shweta , Chawla Deepak , Puri Sandeep
Published: August 2020

Objective
 There is an increasing global need to inspire pro-social behaviour, but there is a dearth of research on factors that underlie the charitable intentions of Gen Y and Gen Z. This study explores the influence of religiosity and descriptive social norms (DSN)
on the attitudes and intentions of Gen Y and Gen Z to participate in cause-related marketing (CRM). The study is centred in India, which has a propensity for charitable giving and a rich demographic diversity, and therefore is an appropriate country for CRM research.
 Design/Methodology/Approach

Survey data were collected using convenience-based sampling, with 252 valid responses (114 Gen Z; 138 Gen Y). Partial least squares structural equation modelling was utilised for analysing the conceptual model.
 Findings
 The findings indicate that religiosity influences
pro-social attitudes and intentions in both generations, however, there is a differential effect of DSN on attitudes and intentions to participate in CRM for Gen Z, as compared to Gen Y.
 Research implications
 Religiosity is a significant factor in driving pro-social
attitudes and intentions in both generations, however, the effect of DSN on attitudes and intentions to participate in CRM is more pronounced for Gen Z, in comparison to Gen Y.
 Practical implications
 Marketers can drive an increased intention to participate in
CRM by associating CRM efforts with age-old religious teachings for both generations. DSN drive greater engagement of Gen Z with CRM, hence, visible parti cipation in CRM on social media platforms can be an effective strategy for driving pro-social behaviour among Gen Z.
 Originality/Value

This is the first study that compares the factors that influence pro-social behaviour in Gen Y and Gen Z in India. The result provides evidence of the continued effect of religiosity on CRM for both generations, and the significant role of DSN in transforming the responses of Gen Z towards
CRM.
Phase retrieval of a Kolmogorov phase screen from very sparse data using four binary masks
Authors: Karitans Varis , Laganovska Katrina , Kundzins Karlis
Published: August 2020

We investigate experimentally the phase retrieval of a Kolmogorov phase screen from very sparse data by modulating its amplitude with four binary masks and compare the retrieved phase screen to the ground truth measured with a surface profiler. Previously, we have shown in simulations that this kind of modulation can be successfully used for the phase retrieval of a Kolmogorov phase screen. After subtracting the ground truth from the retrieved phase screen, the root-mean-square error decreased from 0.14 µm to 0.10 µm. We conclude that a Kolmogorov phase screen can be recovered using simple modulation and very sparse data.
Towards label-free 3D segmentation of optical coherence tomography images of the optic nerve head using deep learning
Authors: Devalla Sripad Krishna , Pham Tan Hung , Panda Satish Kumar , Zhang Liang , Subramanian Giridhar , Swaminathan Anirudh , Yun Chin Zhi , Rajan Mohan , Mohan Sujatha , Krishnadas Ramaswami , Senthil Vijayalakshmi , De Leon John Mark S. , Tun Tin A. , Cheng Ching-Yu , Schmetterer Leopold , Perera Shamira , Aung Tin , Thiéry Alexandre H. , Girard Michaël J. A.
Published: August 2020

Recently proposed deep learning (DL) algorithms for the segmentation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to quantify the morphological changes to the optic nerve head (ONH) tissues during glaucoma have limited clinical adoption due to their device specific nature and the difficulty in preparing manual segmentations (training data). We propose a DL-based 3D segmentation framework that is easily translatable across OCT devices in a label-free manner (i.e. without the need to manually re-segment data for each device). Specifically, we developed 2 sets of DL networks: the ‘enhancer’ (enhance OCT image quality and harmonize image characteristics from 3 devices) and the ‘ONH-Net’ (3D segmentation of 6 ONH tissues). We found that only when the ‘enhancer’ was used to preprocess the OCT images, the ‘ONH-Net’ trained on any of the 3 devices successfully segmented ONH tissues from the other two unseen devices with high performance (Dice coefficients > 0.92). We demonstrate that is possible to automatically segment OCT images from new devices without ever needing manual segmentation data from them.
High-speed adaptive optics line-scan OCT for cellular-resolution optoretinography
Authors: Pandiyan Vimal Prabhu , Jiang Xiaoyun , Maloney-Bertelli Aiden , Kuchenbecker James A. , Sharma Utkarsh , Sabesan Ramkumar
Published: August 2020

Optoretinography–the non-invasive, optical imaging of light-induced functional activity in the retina–stands to provide a critical biomarker for testing the safety and efficacy of new therapies as well as their rapid translation to the clinic. Optical phase change in response to light, as readily accessible in phase-resolved OCT, offers a path towards all-optical imaging of retinal function. However, typical human eye motion adversely affects phase stability. In addition, recording fast light-induced retinal events necessitates high-speed acquisition. Here, we introduce a high-speed line-scan spectral domain OCT with adaptive optics (AO), aimed at volumetric imaging and phase-resolved acquisition of retinal responses to light. By virtue of parallel acquisition of an entire retinal cross-section (B-scan) in a single high-speed camera frame, depth-resolved tomograms at speeds up to 16 kHz were achieved with high sensitivity and phase stability. To optimize spectral and spatial resolution, an anamorphic detection paradigm was introduced, enabling improved light collection efficiency and signal roll-off compared to traditional methods. The benefits in speed, resolution and sensitivity were exemplified in imaging nanometer-millisecond scale light-induced optical path length changes in cone photoreceptor outer segments. With 660 nm stimuli, individual cone responses readily segregated into three clusters, corresponding to long, middle, and short-wavelength cones. Recording such optoretinograms on spatial scales ranging from individual cones, to 100 µm-wide retinal patches offers a robust and sensitive biomarker for cone function in health and disease.
AV-Net: deep learning for fully automated artery-vein classification in optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Alam Minhaj , Le David , Son Taeyoon , Lim Jennifer I. , Yao Xincheng
Published: August 2020

This study is to demonstrate deep learning for automated artery-vein (AV) classification in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The AV-Net, a fully convolutional network (FCN) based on modified U-shaped CNN architecture, incorporates enface OCT and OCTA to differentiate arteries and veins. For the multi-modal training process, the enface OCT works as a near infrared fundus image to provide vessel intensity profiles, and the OCTA contains blood flow strength and vessel geometry features. A transfer learning process is also integrated to compensate for the limitation of available dataset size of OCTA, which is a relatively new imaging modality. By providing an average accuracy of 86.75%, the AV-Net promises a fully automated platform to foster clinical deployment of differential AV analysis in OCTA.
On-chip silicon photonics based grating assisted vibration sensor
Authors: Mere Viphretuo , Dash Aneesh , Kallega Rakshitha , Pratap Rudra , Naik Akshay , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: August 2020

We present a compact, highly sensitive and scalable on-chip photonic vibration measurement scheme for vibration sensing. The scheme uses a silicon photonic diffraction-grating based sensor integrated underneath a silicon cantilever. We demonstrate a static and dynamic measurement sensitivity (ΔT/Δgap) of 0.6 % change in intensity per nm displacement. The electrostatically driven dynamic response measurement of the grating based sensor shows an excellent agreement with commercial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) measurement. We demonstrate the thermo-mechanical noise measurement on the cantilever in ambience, which is verified using LDV. A minimum displacement of 1.9 pm is measured with a displacement sensitivity of 10 μW/nm for a measurement bandwidth of 16 Hz. The demonstrated sensitivity is 2 orders of magnitude better than that obtained from measurements of static displacement. We also present a detailed 2D-FDTD simulation and optimization of the grating-based sensor to achieve maximum displacement sensitivity.
Performance improvement of an infrared scene generation chip by in-plane microstructures
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Defang , Li Zhuo , Yang Suhui , Zhang Jinying , Zhao Qian
Published: August 2020

An infrared (IR) scene generation chip based on multi-layer thin film was demonstrated. Infrared radiation was efficiently converted from visible light energy through chip absorption. We proposed that the contradictive material parameter requirements aroused by high-spatial resolution and high-frame rate of the dynamic IR scene generator could be successfully solved by a periodical microstructure fabrication. The theoretical simulation results based on a semi-one-dimensional heat transfer model illustrated that the spatial resolution of the generated IR scene was improved using a microstructure with a low contact area ratio and high fill factor, while the thermal decay time of the chip was kept unaffected. Two infrared scene generation chips with different microstructures were fabricated by lithography and site-selective deposition. Measured by non-contact thermography, the chip with low microstructure contact area ratio (0.17) showed a higher spatial resolution (13.2 lp/mm) than that with high microstructure contact area ratio of 0.46 (8.0 lp/mm). Moreover, both chips had the same thermal decay time of 20 ms. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method is an effective and economic way to improve the performance of infrared scene generation chips.
High-performance broadband electromagnetic interference shielding optical window based on a metamaterial absorber
Authors: Zhang Yaqiang , Dong Hongxing , Mou Nanli , Chen Lulu , Li Rihong , Zhang Long
Published: August 2020

An excellently transparent metamaterial-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding window with broadband absorption is presented theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The window is composed of double split circular ring (SCR) elements whose absorption spectra feature two mild resonant peaks. Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) with resonant patterns is utilized as the material to induce high ohmic loss and broaden the absorption bandwidth. The window achieves strong absorptivity, > 90%, covering an ultrawide frequency range of 7.8–18.0 GHz. Moreover, the measured shielding effectiveness (SE) of the window is > 18.25 dB, at 7.0–18.0 GHz, while the average optical transmittance is fixed at ∼73.10% in the visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) region of 400–1,500 nm. Further, the absorption mechanism is revealed by designing an equivalent circuit model and studying the distributions of the electric field and surface currents of the structure. Furthermore, a specific design feature also makes our device insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization state of the impinging microwave. The 90% absorption and shielding performance of the proposed optical window avail it for a wide range of great potential applications, such as the displays of military and medical precision devices.
Metasurface-based contact lenses for color vision deficiency: comment
Authors: Huertas Rafael , Ángel Martínez-Domingo Miguel , Valero Eva M. , Gomez-Robledo Luis , Hernández-Andrés Javier
Published: August 2020

Recently Karepov and Ellenbogen [Opt. Lett.
45, 1379 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.384970] claimed
that a new metasurface-based contact lens is able to correct
deuteranomaly. Unfortunately, their results are not supported by
psychophysical experiments, and some key assumptions in their
simulations were misinterpreted. All of this has led to wrong
conclusions providing false expectations to the color vision
deficiency community.
Characterization of sub-nanosecond pulsed laser amplification with Er:Yb co-doped phosphate glass fibers
Authors: Moschovitz Omri , Boetti Nadia G. , Pugliese Diego , Gallichi-Nottiani Duccio , Milanese Daniel , Janner Davide , Ishaaya Amiel A.
Published: August 2020

We present an experimental characterization of the amplification of sub-nanosecond duration laser pulses at a wavelength of 1538 nm in short custom-made Er:Yb phosphate glass fibers with different core diameters. The fibers vary in their diameter from 100 µm (highly multi-mode) down to 12 µm (single-mode). The peak power, energy per pulse, and spectral shape of the amplified signal are presented. With our input pulses, the measurements show that the large core diameter fibers do not increase the amplification of the 1538 nm signal. We believe this is due to the high re-absorption of the

E

r

3
+

ions in the phosphate fiber. The optimal fiber geometry was found to have a core diameter of 20 µm with a length of 14 cm. The maximum peak power is 8.25 kW, corresponding to a net gain of 10.9 dB, with a pulse duration of 0.7 ns and a repetition rate of 40 kHz.
Single-scan, dual-functional interferometer for fast spatio-temporal characterization of few-cycle pulses
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Huang Z. Y. , Wang D. , Zhao Y. , Fu J. H. , Pang M. , Leng Y. X. , Xu Z. Z.
Published: August 2020

Accurate and fast characterization of spatio-temporal information of high-intensity, ultrashort pulses is crucial in the field of strong-field laser science and technology. While conventional self-referenced interferometers were widely used to retrieve the spatial profile of the relative spectral phase of pulses, additional measurements of temporal and spectral information at a particular position of the laser beam, however, were necessary to remove the indeterminacy, which increases the system complexity. Here we report an advanced, dual-functional interferometer that is able to reconstruct the complete spatio-temporal information of ultrashort pulses with a single scan of the interferometer arm. The setup integrates an interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) with a radial shearing Michelson interferometer. Through scanning one arm of the interferometer, both the cross-correlated FROG trace at the central part of the laser beam and the delay-dependent interferograms of the entire laser profile are simultaneously obtained, allowing a fast three-dimensional reconstruction of few-cycle laser pulses.
Re-defining a decade: Marc Jacobs, Tony Viramontes and the vocabulary of 1980s fashion
Authors: Schiavone Scott William
Published: August 2020

Historian James Laver described the cyclical nature of fashion as taking almost 50 years for a particular style or decade to be remembered as romantic. The 1980s are often overlooked by fashion historians as garish or vulgar, best left to the confines of history. During the global financial crisis of 2007–08, direct quotations from the 1980s and television show Dynasty (1981–89) appeared on the catwalks of major designers. An interest in the decade of greed and excess was revived in a time of economic austerity: were we dressing up to cover up our financial shortcomings? Fashion is yet again in the midst of a 1980s renaissance; however, in this time of sociopolitical uncertainty, the perspective has shifted as designers immerse themselves in the creativity and showmanship of the decade. One designer at the apex of this resurgence was Marc Jacobs in his Autumn/Winter 2018 catwalk presentation. Although not the first designer to hone in on the trend, Jacobs’ collection was a homage to 1980s popular culture and the showmanship of haute couture. One notable visual influence was the work of fashion illustrator Tony Viramontes (1956–88), whose genius captured the essence of the decade. Through analysis of the recent vogue for 1980s revivalism, alongside the ingenuity of the decade’s most energic fashion illustrator, Tony Viramontes, this article will attempt to decode Marc Jacobs’ collection for his eponymous label and consider the vocabulary of 1980s fashion as truly worthy of genuine artistic examination by fashion scholars and contemporary fashion designers.
Dressing up the author: Jonathan Franzen and David Foster Wallace branding their masculine authorial identities through fashion
Authors: Greene Justin Russell
Published: August 2020

This article explores the use of clothes and other accessories as markers of masculine authorial identity. Fashion and literature are contentious partners, with literature attempting to keep a firm distance from the popular trappings of the fashion world. However, writers have historically used fashion to create their identities beyond the printed word. This can be seen in examples such as Oscar Wilde and Mark Twain and the ways clothing items have become associated with their personae as men of letters. Contemporary writers are no different, yet many continue to exude ambivalence towards clothing having any effect on their images in the literary sphere. Jonathan Franzen and David Foster Wallace are two examples of writers who downplay fashion’s role in their public images. Franzen and Wallace establish their positions at the forefront of American literature not only with their fiction and non-fiction works but also in the ways they adorn their bodies and present them within visual media. Nevertheless, both Franzen and Wallace perform as specific types of masculine authors through their fashion choices. Ultimately, they use fashion to brand their authorial identities in accordance with their literary output. Franzen’s and Wallace’s willing participation in the stylization of their images to meet the masculine standards of authorial identity reveals the prevalence of gendered stereotypes regarding how authors should be represented within popular culture.
Fashion consumption in digital media: Multiple practices and new identities
Authors: Nannini Victoria
Published: August 2020

It is possible to assert that the fashion system constitutes a complex device that determines consumption agendas. Fashion clothing is massively consumed, and consumer habits are deeply affected by online advertising. These consumption practices are not simply passive, sometimes they are creative, yet they are still part of the fashion disciplinary device. In these consumption practices, a range of expressions and discourses between individuals may be detected as well as multiple subjectivities under construction within contemporary societies. The intention of this article is to shed some light on the role of online fashion consumption practices within our societies, which are traversed by daily and prevailingly online advertising and encourage increased consumption. ‘Influencers’ are one novel example of how online advertising is subtly influencing fashion consumption. Even though consumers show certain tendencies in acquiring fashion clothing from specific brands, via different digital media outlets depending on their socioeconomic status and their peer groups, their consumption practices may try to subvert the conventional formats through which fashion clothing has been consumed traditionally. Nevertheless, as much as these practices seem to promote freedom, they might confirm the tactics of the system and just be a part of the algorithmic logic that imposes certain products, reproducing established categories.
Sustainability is the new black: Exploring website communication practices of Indian sustainable fashion brands
Authors: Amritha B. , Suresh Kalyani
Published: August 2020

Sustainable fashion brands are increasingly facing the challenge of striking the right balance between prominence and transparency. The core theme of this article is to examine the strategic communication practices of successful Indian sustainable fashion brands – specifically how they build their value profile and message mix to achieve greater transparency in their website communication. A qualitative content analysis allows for an in-depth understanding of the brand’s communication strategy through semi-structured interviews with ‘informed consumers’ of sustainable fashion along with an exploration of brand communication on the corporate website. The analysis throws light on the importance of connecting fashion vs. sustainability message content and brand value profile to ensure transparency in communicating the brand’s engagement with sustainability.
The Punk Reader: Research Transmissions from the Local to the Global, Russ Bestley, Mike Dines, Alastair ‘Gords’ Gordon and Paula Guerra (eds) (2019)
Authors: Blanco José F.
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Punk Reader: Research Transmissions from the Local to the Global, Russ Bestley, Mike Dines, Alastair ‘Gords’ Gordon and Paula Guerra (eds) (2019)

Bristol: Intellect, 324 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-129-0, p/bk, $33.00
The Fundamentals of Fashion Management, Susan Dillon (2018), 2nd ed.
Authors: Delgado Henry Navarro
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Fundamentals of Fashion Management, Susan Dillon (2018), 2nd ed.

London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 192 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47427-121-9, p/bk, $33.23, e/bk, $23,94
Lisofosfolipidoen eta Alzheimer gaixotasunaren arteko erlazioa: etorkizuneko itu farmakologikoaren bila
Authors: Manuel Ivan , Moreno-Rodríguez Marta , Martínez-Gardeazabal Jonatan , Bengoetxea de Tena Iker , González de San Román Estíbaliz , Lombardero Laura , Llorente-Ovejero Alberto , Rodríguez-Puertas Rafael
Published: August 2020

Lipidoak funtzio energetikoaz eta egitura-funtzioez gain deskribatu diren beste funtzioei esker garrantzitsuak bilakatzen ari dira. Funtzio neurotransmisorea edota neuromoduladorea aurkeztu duten lipidoen artean, lisofosfolipidoak aurkitu ditzakegu. Lisofosfolipidoak lipido molekula txiki bioaktiboak, karbonodun kate bakarra eta buru polar bat edukitzeagatik bereizten direnak dira. Lisofosfolipidoen artean, azido lisofosfatidikoa eta esfingosina 1-fosfatoaren egitura eta sistemen funtzioak izan dira hobeto deskribatu direnak. Lisofosfolipidoak zelulaz kanpoko bitartekari aritzen dira berentzat espezifikoak diren G proteinei loturiko hartzaileak aktibatuz. Molekula horien seinaleztapenaren bidez zenbait prozesu neurokimiko modulatzen dira, adibidez, neuromodulazioa eta neuroinflamazioa. Gainera, ikasketarekin eta oroimenarekin erlazioa erakutsi dute. Horren haritik, orain arte ondoen deskribatutako lisofosfolipidoen sistemak, azido lisofosfatidikoa eta esfingosina 1-fosfatoa, hain zuzen ere, asaldatuta daude Alzheimer gaixotasunean eta gaixotasun honetako zenbait animalia-eredutan. Aldaketa horien zentzua oraindik ez dago finkatuta, baina haien eragina beste neurotransmisio-sistemen edota bestelako funtzio biologikoen modulazioaren bidez gerta daitezke. Beraz, lipido hauek etorkizun handiko itu farmakologikoak izan daitezke Alzheimer gaixotasunean agertzen diren sintoma neuropatologikoak eta neuropsikiatrikoak arintzeko. Hortaz, merkatuan dauden lipidoen seinaleztapena itutzat duten eta beste neuroendekapenezko gaixotasunak tratatzeko erabilgarriak diren farmakoak baliagarriak izan litezke Alzheimer gaixotasuna tratatzeko, aukera emanez horrela Alzheimer gaixotasuna tratatzeko dagoen hutsune farmakologikoa betetzeko.
Arbel mediko baten erabileraren azterketa: nolako elkarrekintza halako portaera-bisuala
Authors: Yera Ainhoa , Arbelaitz Olatz , Muguerza Javier , Perona Iñigo , Vigo Markel
Published: August 2020

Osasun-arlorako softwarean, beste esparru askotan bezala, erabilgarritasuna erronka handia da; batetik, datuak ugariak eta konplexuak direlako eta, bestetik, erabilera-testuingurua kritikoa delako. Jakina da langile klinikoek informazio kopuru egokia eskatzen dutela beren zereginak aurrera eramateko, eta, zentzu horretan, erabiltzaile-interfaze moldagarriak oso baliagarriak izan daitezke informazio-behar horiek asetzeko nahiz informazio-gainkargaren arazoari heltzeko. Erabiltzaile-interfazerako egokitzapenak inplementatu aurretik, baina, aldakorrak diren informazio-behar horiek identifikatu eta lehenetsi egin behar dira. Begi-arakatzaileak lagungarriak izan daitezke zeregin hauek erdiesteko, erabiltzaileen portaera bisuala antzeman baitezakete, zeina interesaren adierazle den. Zoritxarrez, arakatzaile horiek sistema hedatu batean erabiltzeak azpiegitura konplexuegia eskatzen du. Ekarpen honetan aztertu dugu ea erabiltzaileen portaera bisuala inferi ote daitekeen erabiltzaile horiek botiken segurtasunari lotutako arbel batean izandako elkarrekintzaren datuetatik abiatuz. Emaitzek aditzera eman dute bi alderdiak, hots, saguaren bidezko elkarrekintza eta portaera bisuala (karga kognitiboa), lotuta daudela; ezaugarri hauen arabera neurtuak, hurrenez hurren: saguaren ondoz ondoko bi kliken arteko denbora-tarteak eta sagu-pausatzeak, batetik, eta, bestetik, begiradaren finkapenaren iraupenak. Lanak eztabaidatzen du zer eragin izan dezakeen aurkikuntza horrek arbel medikoen egokitzapenen diseinuan.
AUXILIA: Nutzerzentriertes Assistenz- und Sicherheitssystem zur Unterstützung von Menschen mit Demenz auf Basis intelligenter Verhaltensanalyse
Authors: Seidel Roman , Apitzsch André , Yu Jingrui , Seuffert Julian , Nestler Norbert , Heinz Danny , Goy Anne , Hirtz Gangolf
Published: August 2020

Durch den demographischen Wandel in Verbindung mit fehlendem Pflegepersonal gewinnt die Entwicklung technischer Assistenzsysteme im Feld des Active and Assisted Living (AAL) zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zukunftsorientierte Instrumente, die in der Altenp?ege zum Einsatz kommen, sind neuartige, nutzerzentrierte Gesundheitssysteme für Personengruppen mit speziellen Anforderungen. In diesem Beitrag werden das Konzept sowie erste Ergebnisse des Projekts AUXILIA gezeigt, welches ein nutzerzentriertes Assistenz- und Sicherheitssystem zur Unterstützung von Menschen mit Demenz auf Basis intelligenter Verhaltensanalyse beschreibt. Das Assistenz- und Sicherheitssystem richtet sich vor allem an Patienten mit beginnender Demenz. Das Projektziel ist der längere Verbleib von Demenzpatienten in ihren eigenen vier Wänden. Das System unterstützt nicht nur die Patienten, sondern richtet sich darüber hinaus an Nutzer aus dem P?egeumfeld sowie an Angehörige. Mithilfe einer neuartigen Smart Sensor Technologie, die es ermöglicht, den gesamten Raum zu erfassen, können menschliche Verhaltensmuster bestimmt und an die Nutzergruppen weitergegeben werden. Basierend auf diversen Sensordaten werden Objekte kontextbasiert und selbstständig vom System erkannt und daraus Sicherheits- und Assistenzfunktionen, wie beispielsweise eine Sturzdetektion, abgeleitet. Neben der Entwicklung des Sensors wird untersucht, welchen Anforderungen eine Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle genügen muss, um für alle Nutzergruppen einen Mehrwert zu bieten.
Using Virtual Prototyping Technologies to Evaluate Human-Machine-Interaction Concepts
Authors: Brade Jennifer , Dudczig Manuel , Klimant Philipp
Published: August 2020

Innovative products are interacting with the users based on smart sensors and algorithms. Logistics as one example is changing when automated guided vehicles are integrated in the process, supporting or even replacing workers. The way these products are interacting with humans and how they react to certain situations, will determine usability and user experience and therefore the success of use. Developing such products is based on innovative concepts that need to be evaluated and refined at early project stages. Using virtual-reality based user scenarios is one adequate option to do so. This paper describes technical as well as study-based approaches on how potential concepts are realized as virtual prototypes and evaluated by real users. It concludes with the evaluation results of a pilot study but also with general limitations and benefits as best practice advice for this kind of virtual prototyping techniques.
Augmented Reality als Lernmedium: Potenziale und Implikationen
Authors: Söbke Heinrich , Zander Steffi , Londong Jörg
Published: August 2020

Durch den technischen Fortschritt der letzten Jahre rücken Augmented Reality – Anwendungen (AR) als Lernmedien immer mehr in den Fokus der aktuellen Lehr-Lern-Forschung. Aus didaktischer Sicht besitzt AR als Lernmedium Potenziale, die es von bisherigen Medien unterscheidet. Andererseits ergeben sich durch die Nutzung von AR jedoch auch neue Herausforderungen, die noch zu lösen sind. Am Beispiel eines konkreten Lernszenarios werden die didaktischen Potenziale von AR vorgestellt und die sich ergebenden Herausforderungen beschrieben. Das Lernszenario wurde mit Hilfe der App AugView realisiert und in die Lehre im Fachbereich Umweltingenieurwesen integriert. Die App stellt im Untergrund verborgene leitungsgebundene Wasserinfrastruktur dar. Zu den positiven didaktischen Eigenschaften zählt u.a. die zeitlich und örtlich kohärente, gemeinsame Darstellung von Objekt und erklärenden Zusatzinformationen (Kontiguitätsprinzip). Durch kollaboratives Arbeiten mit der App im Rahmen von Exkursionen wird situatives Lernen und gemeinsame Wissenskonstruktion gefördert. Zu den ungelösten Herausforderungen zählt aktuell noch der technische Aufwand. Da die GPS-Positionierung auf handelsüblichen Tablets nicht ausreichend genau ist, sind vergleichsweise teure Zusatzsysteme zur exakteren Positionierung notwendig. Weitere Herausforderung ist der Datenschutz. Digitale Repräsentationen der Leitungsnetze sind zwar beim lokalen Versorger vorhanden. Jedoch gibt es Sicherheitsbedenken, diese für die Lehre vollständig öffentlich verfügbar zu machen.
Erstellung einer Referenzarchitektur anhand von individuellen Unternehmensanforderungen
Authors: Reidt Andreas , Duchon Markus , Krcmar Helmut
Published: August 2020

Durch die Bereitstellung von Referenzarchitekturen (RA) im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 kann der Prozess zur Entwicklung entsprechender Applikationen stark verbessert werden. Die Entwicklungszeit verkürzt sich, die Qualität steigert sich und eine Kompatibilität zwischen unterschiedlichen Applikationen, die auf einer gemeinsamen RA aufbauen, kann gesichert werden. Die Entwicklung von RAen ist jedoch eine herausfordernde Aufgabe, besonders wenn keine bestehenden offenen Architekturen für diese Art von Applikationen existieren, aus denen eine RA extrahiert werden kann. Um die Entwicklung solcher RAen zu vereinfachen, wird daher in diesem Beitrag der Erstellungsprozess einer RA für Ressourcen-Cockpits zur Unterstützung der Instandhaltung dargelegt, der anhand von Anforderungen an spezifische Systeme eine adäquate RA ableitet. Neben dem Prozess werden die Grundlagen in Form von generischen, und spezifische Anforderungen an ein Ressourcen-Cockpit dargelegt.
Referenzarchitektur eines Ressourcen-Cockpits zur Unterstützung der Instandhaltung
Authors: Reidt Andreas , Duchon Markus , Krcmar Helmut
Published: August 2020

Durch die Trends der Digitalisierung und der Industrie 4.0 steigen die Anforderungen an die handelnden Personen im produzierenden Gewerbe. Unterstützende Prozesse wie die Instandhaltung trifft dieser Wandel besonders stark, da dort das Wissensmanagement auch wegen zunehmenden Alters der beteiligten Personen stark an Bedeutung zunimmt. Informationssysteme, wie ein Ressourcen-Cockpit, die den Instandhalter durch zielgerichtete und gebündelt dargestellte Informationen und Auswertungen unterstützten, stellen eine Lösung dieser Herausforderung dar. Die Entwicklung eines solchen Ressourcen-Cockpits ist jedoch kostspielig und erfordert ein tiefes Verständnis der technischen Möglichkeiten sowie der Domäne der Instandhaltung. Zusätzlich führen fehlende Standards und Architekturen zu dem Problem, dass unabhängig voneinander entwickelte Systeme inkompatibel zueinander sind. Dies erschwert eine branchen- und unternehmensübergreifende Zusammenarbeit, die in der Instandhaltung nötig ist. Um eine zukunftssichere Entwicklung zu ermöglichen, soll in diesem Beitrag die Referenzarchitektur eines Ressourcen-Cockpits zur Unterstützung der Instandhaltung vorgestellt werden, die die Entwicklung eines individuellen Ressourcen-Cockpits erleichtert.