bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in self-harm and drinking behaviors among middle school students in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Chai-Quan , ZHANG Jing-Shu , MA Shang , Ruo-Ran LV , DUAN Jia-Li , LUO Dong-Mei , YAN Xiao-Jin , MA Ning , SONG Yi
Published: June 2020

Background: Self-harm and drinking were both serious problems in adolescents and many studies presented evidence of their association. However, gender difference in this association was seldom deeply discussed. Our study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of self-harm and explore its association with drinking behaviors by gender and investigate the extent to which the gender differences exist in the association between self-harm and drinking.Methods: A total of 32362 students in grades 7 to 12 were anonymously surveyed using two-stage, stratified probability proportion sampling in Beijing, China. Self-harm, drinking behaviors and other basic information were obtained from anonymous questionnaire. Demographic variables and indicators of self-harm as well as drinking behaviors were analyzed with chi-square test and Gamma test between genders and the gender difference in this association was analyzed by log-binomial regression. Results: The total prevalence of self-harm was 13.7% with no significant gender difference (B=0.352, P=0.553). The prevalence of self-harm decreased with age in girls (G=-0.163, P<0.001). Self-harm was associated with drinking behaviors in both boys and girls. The Log-binomial regression demonstrated that girls in 15-19 years were at lower risk of self-harm than girls in 10-14 years while no age difference in boys. The higher OR for self-harm was found among girls with early drinking experiences compared with boys (1.863 vs 2.565). Girls who ever drunk (1.636 vs 2.211), were currently drinking (2.122 vs 3.400) and binge drinking (3.924 vs 6.357) had greater risk for self-harm than boys. Gender differences in self-harm were found at the following reasons of drinking, feeling down (4.402 vs 5.742), customary chronic drinking (3.945 vs 5.460), feeling delighted (1.806 vs 2.615), drinking with peers (1.797 vs 2.693). Conclusion: Self-harm has significant positive association with drinking among middle school students and girls with drinking behaviors were at higher risk of suffering self-harm. Identifying adolescents’ drinking behaviors is of vital importance to self-harm prevention and special attention should be focused on younger girls.
COVID- 19 Screening by RT-PCR: An Epidemiological Modelling
Authors: Hasab Ali A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Given the attention on COVID-19 testing and its role in helping to halt the spread of COVID-19 Pandemic, wider testing is urgently needed for successful pandemic control. The level of the test’s performance is also important for effective management of the different stages of the pandemic.Objectives: To study the impact of RT-PCR testing in control of COVID-19 Pandemic and validity of RT-PCR as a predictor for COVID- 19 diseaseMethods: The data was collected essentially by using secondary data. All cases and deaths in WHO Situation Reports and total tests in Worldometer were included in the study. Wolfram Player 12 software was used for the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) epidemic dynamics of COVID-19. Survival analysis was carried out to determine the cumulative proportional survival of COVID-19 in Egypt. Six studies discussing the validity of RT-PCR was also reanalyzed. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to study the diagnostic performance of RT-PCR.Results: There was a negative correlation between both case fatality rate of COVID-19 and reproductive rate with RT-PCR tests performed . This difference is significant (r = - 0.307 and. – 0.361) respectively. RT-PCR had a sensitivity of 61.19%, Specificity 94.75%% and an accuracy of 76.72%. The area under the ROC (AUC) for RT-PCR was 0.780.Conclusion and recommendation: RT-PCR testing will continue to be needed. It reduced the case fatality and reproduction rates of COVID-19 Pandemic. The AUC for RT-PCR is less than optimal. The combination of clinical symptoms, exposure history and CT must be considered to identify COVID-19 with higher sensitivity.
Co-infection of SARS-COV-2 and influenza A virus: a case series and fast review
Authors: Xiang Xuan , Wang Zi-Hao , He Xin-Liang , Wei Xiao-Shan , Ma Yan-Ling , Li Hui , Chen Long , Wang Xiao-Rong , Zhou Qiong
Published: June 2020

Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. Studies about SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with influenza A virus (IAV) in the influenza season will contribute to the antiviral interventions of co-infected patients.Methods: A cohort of 145 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan union hospital were reviewed and we found 2 patients were co-infected with both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. Then we searched from PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI with combinations of the following key words: “COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, influenza A and co-infection” from January 1 up to May 1, and 6 studies were included in this descriptive analysis. Results: Of the 13 co-infected patients, 2 were from Wuhan union hospital, another 11 were collected from the reports published on PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI. Of the 13 patients, the median age was 50 years (IQR, 40.5-67.5). Among the 13 patients, 7 (53.8%) were severe types. The most common symptoms among the 13 patients were cough (100%), fever (92.3%) and dyspnea (76.9%). 8 patients had lymphocytopenia on admission and all the 13 patients had abnormal radiological changes. The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 4.5 days (IQR, 2.75-5.5), and the median time of hospital stay was 17 days (IQR,15-20). Conclusion: Patients with both SARS-COV-2 and IAV infection showed similar changes in symptoms and radiological images with patients infected with SARS-COV-2 only. SARS-COV-2 co-infection with IAV can lead to more severe clinical condition but had similar hospital stay compared with patients infected with SARS-COV-2 only in the fast review.
ClearTrachoma: Evaluation of a Novel Molecular Rapid Diagnostic Device for the Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Trachoma-Endemic Areas
Authors: Derrick Tamsyn R , Sandetskaya Natalia , Pickering Harry , Kölsch Andreas , Ramadhani Athumani , Mafuru Elias , Massae Patrick , Malisa Aiweda , Mtuy Tara , Burton Matthew J , Holland Martin J , Kuhlmeier Dirk
Published: June 2020

Background: The clinical signs of active trachoma are often present in the absence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, particularly following mass drug administration. Treatment decisions following impact surveys and in post-control surveillance for communities are currently based on the prevalence of clinical signs, which may result in further unnecessary distribution of mass antibiotic treatment and the increased spread of macrolide resistance alleles in ‘off-target’ bacterial species. We therefore developed a simple, fast, low cost diagnostic assay (DjinniChip) for diagnosis of ocular C. trachomatis for use by trachoma control programmes.Methods: The study was conducted in London, Germany and Tanzania. For clinical testing in Tanzania, specimens from a sample of 350 children between the ages of 7 to15 years, which were part of a longitudinal cohort that began in February 2012 were selected. Two ocular swabs were taken from the right eye. The second swab was collected dry, kept cool in the field and archived at -80oC before sample lysis for DjinniChip detection and parallel nucleic acid purification and detection/quantification by qPCR assay. Results: Djinnichip was able to reliably detect >10 copies of C. trachomatis per test and correctly identified 7/10 Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics C. trachomatis panel samples, failing to detect 3 positive samples with genome equivalent amounts £10 copies. Djinnichip performed well across a range of typical trachoma field conditions and when used by lay personnel using a series of mock samples. In the laboratory in Tanzania, using clinical samples the sensitivity and specificity of DjinniChip for C. trachomatis was 66% (95% CI 51–78) and 94.8 (95% CI 91–97%) with an overall accuracy of 90.1 (95% CI 86.4 – 93). Conclusions: DjinniChip performance is extremely promising, particularly its ability to detect low concentrations of C. trachomatis and its usability in field conditions. The DjinniChip requires further development to reduce inhibition and advance toward a closed system. DjinniChip results did not vary between local laboratory results and typical trachoma field settings, illustrating its potential for use in low-resource areas to prevent unnecessary rounds of MDA and to monitor for C. trachomatis recrudescence.
CKS2 Predicts A Poor Prognosis and Contributes to Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Qiuyang , Fu Yue , Liu Xinchun , Wang Peng , Dai Shangnan , Zhu Xiaole , Zhu Feng , Liu Tongtai , Xu Wenbin , Wu Junli , Miao Yi
Published: June 2020

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) has been reported to promote various malignancies. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance and functional role of CKS2 in pancreatic cancer.Methods: The analysis of abnormal expression genes and prognosis value on pancreatic cancer by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and immunohistochemical staining of 64 samples of tumors. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and a xenograft tumor model were used to analyze the biological function of CKS2 in pancreatic cancer. Western blotting was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of CKS2 on cell cycle progression and apoptosis.Results: A significantly higher expression of CKS2 was found in pancreatic cancer compared with adjacent normal tissues and high CKS2 expression indicated poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Moreover, functional assays revealed that CKS2 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, induced cell cycle G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. In addition, CKS2 knockdown increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, P53, P21 and GADD45α, but decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Cyclin B1, CDK1, Cyclin A, and Cdc25C. CKS2 overexpression obtained the opposite results to CKS2 knockdown.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that CKS2 may act as a promising prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Integrated optimization of structure and control parameters for the height control system of a vertical spindle cotton picker
Authors: Chen Xingzheng , Li Congbo , Hu Rui , Liu Ning , Zhang Chi
Published: June 2020

Vertical picking method is a predominate method used to harvest cotton crop. However, a vertical picking method may cause spindle bending of the cotton picker if spindles collide with stones on the cotton field. Thus, how to realize a precise height control of the cotton picker is a crucial issue to be solved. The objective of this study is to design a height control system to avoid the collision. To design it, the mathematical models are established first. Then a multi-objective optimization model represented by structure parameters and control parameters is proposed to take the pressure of chamber without piston, response time and displacement error of the height control system as the optimization objectives. An integrated optimization approach that combines optimization via simulation, particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the model. Simulation and experimental test results show that the proposed integrated optimization approach can not only reduce the pressure of chamber without piston, but also decrease the response time and displacement error of the height control system.
Dengue virus-like particles serotype-3 production in silkworm larvae and its capability eliciting a humoral immune response in mice model
Authors: Umoto Doddy Irawan Setyo , Pambudi Sabar , Sjatha Fithriyah , Kato Tatsuya , Park Enoch Y.
Published: June 2020

To develop monovalent dengue virus -like particle for serotype 3 (DENV-LP/3), two kinds of structural polyprotein constructs, DENV-3 Capsid-premembrane-Envelope (DENV-3CprME) and premembrane-Envelope (DENV-3prME), have been prepared and expressed using silkworm and Bm5 cells. The expressed PA-tagged 3CprME and 3prME polypeptides were partially purified by PA-tag affinity chromatography and found the molecular weights of 85 and 75 kDa, respectively. Expressed proteins were verified using the anti-PA tag antibody, DENV premembrane polyclonal antibody, and DENV envelope polyclonal antibody, as primary antibody separately. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image revealed these DENV-3CprME and 3prME formed a rough spherical shaped dengue virus-like particles (DENV-LP/3CprME and DENV-LP/3prME), respectively, with a diameter of 30–55 nm. The heparin-binding assay demonstrated that these DENV-LPs contain Envelope Domain (ED) III on the surface of each DENV-LP. Both DENV-LPs showed the affinity to sera from human dengue patients and immunized-mice. Immunization of DENV-LP/3prME to mice induced a significantly higher of antibodies level to itself than that of DENV-LP/3CprME. These results indicate that DENV-LP/3prME is suitable as a vaccine candidate compared to DENV-LP/3CprME.
Imidazole Antifungals: A Review of Their Action Mechanisms on Cancerous Cells
Authors: KAVAKCIOĞLU YARDIMCI Berna
Published: June 2020

Imidazoles, together with triazoles, constitute azole sub-group of antifungal drugs which acts by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme, the lanosterol 14-α-demethylase. In addition to their primary use, when it comes to additional anti-cancer function, clotrimazole, econazole and ketoconazole have come to the fore among the imidazoles. Based on the findings up to now, although having different effects, disruption of the glycolytic pathway, blockage of Ca2+ influx and nonspecific inhibition of CYP450 enzymes can be regarded as the main ones responsible for the anti-neoplastic activities of the mentioned drugs, respectively. Considering the advantages of repurposing of drugs with known pharmacology compared to new drug development studies requiring labor, time and cost, it will be extremely important and valuable to continue the clarification of the different mechanisms of these antifungals on cancerous cells and benefit from them especially to increase drug efficacy and overcome drug resistance. In this review, the action mechanisms of imidazole antifungals on cancerous cells and consequently, their potential for use in cancer treatment alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics were discussed in detail.
Oxidative Stress in Endometrial Flushing Fluid of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Endometrioma and Uterine Leiomyoma: Comparison with Healthy Controls
Authors: Demir Mustafa , Ince Onur , Yilmaz Bulent , Barut Mert Ulas , Ozturk Ulviye Cansu , Kılıc Avni , Turp Ahmet Berkiz , Sutcu Recep , Taysi Seyithan
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri and endometrioma are frequently seen gynecologic problems and all three diseases may cause infertility. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin, total sulfhydryl , total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide and oxidative stress index levels in endometrial flushing fluid of patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (n=20), uterine leiomyoma (n=20), endometrioma (n=19), and healthy women (n=20).STUDY DESIGN: We compare endometrial flushing fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (n=20), uterine leiomyoma (n=20), endometrioma (n=19) and healthy women (n=20). Endometrial flushing fluid samples were collected during the implantation window of all women.RESULTS: Mean age of groups was 28.90±5.45, 37.25±2.73, 32.84±6.62 and 32.15±5.18 in Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri, endometrioma and control groups, respectively (p<0.05). Mean total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin and total sulfhydryl levels indicating antioxidant state were comparable between Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri, endometrioma and control groups (p=0.806, p=0.156, p=0.328 respectively for markers). Similarly, oxidant state-related markers didn’t differ significantly between 4 groups (p=0.090 for total oxidant status, p=0.087 for lipid hydroperoxide, p=0.312 for oxidative stress index).CONCLUSION: Endometrial flushing fluid total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide, ceruloplasmin, and total sulfhydryl levels during implantation window didn’t differ between women with Polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine leiomyoma, endometrioma, and healthy controls.
Robustness of IoT-connected e-Taps for sustainable service delivery of rural water supply
Authors: Ingram Will , Memon Fayyaz Ali
Published: June 2020

‘e-Taps’ monitor flow at rural water points in sub-Saharan Africa and enhance revenue collection using pre-paid tags. Real-time, high temporal resolution e-Tap usage data are available to service providers. In this paper, the robustness of the e-Tap is evaluated in the laboratory regarding (1) accuracy of the flow meter and (2) the flow rate reduction caused by addition of a y-strainer and debris build-up. An average relative error of +3.63% across varying flow rates is found. A general calibration will bring 95.45% of measurements within a ±4.54% error range. In the y-strainer, smaller gauze sizes, smaller debris sizes, and higher debris loads cause greater flow rate reductions. The maximum reduction observed was only approximately 68% of the baseline flow rate. These physical findings can be integrated into software solutions to management problems.
Simulations of breakthrough curves for fixed-bed column adsorption of Cobalt (II) ions on spent tea leaves
Authors: Tesfagiorgis Kibrewossen , Navarro Abel E. , Chen Bow Ming , Herrera Nicholas , Hernandez Joel , González-Álvarez Álvaro , Sy Savane Ousmane
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to model the breakthrough adsorption curves of Co (II) ions using spent tealeaves in fixed-bed column experiments. Spent leaves of green tea (GT), peppermint tea (PM) and chamomile (CM) were packed in glass columns with a diameter of 2 cm and height of 15 cm, and used as filters for the removal of the pollutant. Aqueous solutions of Cobalt (II) ions (100 mg/L) at pH 6 were prepared and pumped against gravity through the columns at a uniform flow rate of 5 mL/min. Breakthrough curves were fitted for the residual concentration data using the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Clark models, with added empirical terms to delineate the lower tail of the breakthrough curve. These mathematical models were successfully linearized using the natural logarithm for parameter estimation. The results reveal that the Co (II) adsorption fits all three models for all the adsorbents. The Thomas model indicated that the calculated adsorption capacities followed the trend: PM > GT > CM with values of 59.7, 25.2, and 24.9 mg/g respectively. Moreover, CM showed the highest adsorption rates with all the mathematical models, whereas Yoon-Nelson theory provided evidence that PM has the longest 50% adsorption breakthrough among the adsorbents. Lastly, morphological and textural studies indicate that all spent leaves are good candidates as adsorbents due to their high surface heterogeneity. This study proposes the use of spent tealeaves as Co (II) adsorbents because they are inexpensive and environmentally beneficial.
The Spectrum of Thiazolidinediones against Respiratory Tract Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Al Bratty Mohammed , Hakami Ayman Q. , Masmali Hatim A. , Alam Md. Shamsher , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Thangavel Neelaveni , Najmi Asim , Moni Sivakumar S. , Haque Anzarul
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives:

Drug design strategies to develop novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agents for the treatment of respiratory tract infections that can combat bacterial resistance are currently gaining momentum. 2,4-thiazolidinedione is a structural scaffold that contains pharmacophores similar to β-lactam and non- β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of the study was to synthesize newer 3,5-Disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinediones (DTZDs) and subject them to in vitro antibacterial screening against bacterial pathogens. Also, we performed in silico docking of selected compounds to penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases.

Methods:

Intermediate Schiff bases were prepared by the reaction between 2,4-thiazolidinedione and an appropriate aldehyde followed by acylation of the ring nitrogen with 3-brompropanoyl chloride resulting in DTZDs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against few bacteria infecting the respiratory tract by the broth tube dilution method. Zones of inhibitions against the bacteria were also determined using agar well diffusion technique. Molecular docking of the compounds to all types of Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases was also carried out.

Results:

Compounds DTZD12 and DTZD16 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were 175μg/100μL. Measurements of the zones of inhibitions indicated that compound DTZD12 was more active than DZTD16. E. coli was the most susceptible organism. Docking results established that both the compounds were able to interact with PBPs and β-lactamases through strong hydrogen bonds, especially the unique interaction with active serine residue of the PBP for inhibition of cell wall synthesis.

Conclusion:

DTZD12 and DTZD16 can be developed into antibacterial drugs for respiratory tract infections to oppose bacterial resistance, or can also be used as leads for repurposing the existing 2,4- thiazolidinediones.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Molecular Docking Studies on Novel 6-Methoxybenzothiazole-piperazine Derivatives with Propanamide Chain
Authors: Alhusadi Nesrin Atiah , Turgutalp Bengisu , Deniz Inci , Acar Ebru Turkoz , Sipahi Hande , Yarim Mine , Gurdal Enise Ece
Published: June 2020

Background:

Infectious diseases are a major threat in the developing world and the discovery
of novel antimicrobial agents remains to be crucial due to acquired resistance by the microorganisms.
Additionally, various diseases can be prevented with antioxidant agents as they can eliminate the harmful
effects of reactive oxygen species.

Objective:

In this study, it was aimed to synthesize novel compounds bearing N-(6-
methoxybenzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-substitued piperazinyl)propanamide backbone that had antimicrobial
and antioxidant activities. Mechanisms of activity were aimed to be revealed by docking studies.

Methods:

Antimicrobial activities were tested by agar-based disc diffusion assay, and antioxidant activities
were determined by CUPRAC assay.

Results:

In agar-based disc diffusion assay, the most active compounds were 2b and 2e against Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Compounds 2e and
2j showed promising antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay. Docking studies were performed to optimize
the interactions of compounds with DNA gyrase subunit B of S. aureus. Under the light of docking
studies, a new compound with potential GyrB inhibition was designed. Antioxidant activity was also
supported by docking studies on superoxide dismutase 1 enzyme in which interactions with key residues
were observed.

Conclusion:

Ten novel benzothiazole-piperazine derivatives were synthesized and their antimicrobial
and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Superoxide dismutase 1 enzyme was suggested to be a possible
target for the antioxidant activity of the series.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Targets Involved in Dengue Fever
Authors: Shanmugam Anusuya , Ramakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Velmurugan Devadasan , Gromiha M. Michael
Published: June 2020

Lethality due to dengue infection is a global threat. Nearly 400 million people are affected
every year, which approximately costs 500 million dollars for surveillance and vector control itself.
Many investigations on the structure-function relationship of proteins expressed by the dengue virus are
being made for more than a decade and had come up with many reports on small molecule drug discovery.
In this review, we present a detailed note on viral proteins and their functions as well as the inhibitors
discovered/designed so far using experimental and computational methods. Further, the phytoconstituents
from medicinal plants, specifically the extract of the papaya leaves, neem and bael, which combat
dengue infection via dengue protease, helicase, methyl transferase and polymerase are summarized.
In Silico ADMET and Docking Studies of Thiazolidinedione-acetic-acid Hybrids as Antidiabetics with Cardioprotection
Authors: Maji Deepanwita , Samanta Subir , Patil Vaishali M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Type-2-diabetes mellitus is associated with many side effects affecting vital
body organs, especially heart. Thiazolidinediones are potent antidiabetics. Studies have proven
that amino-acids and peptides promote glucose transport, have antioxidant properties, and fewer side effects,
thus we designed hybrids by combining amino-acid esters and peptide esters with 2, 4
thiazolidinedione acetic acid moiety which can act as antidiabetic agent with cardioprotection properties.

Methodology:

In vitro ADME, toxicity, and docking studies were performed using
Qikprop3.1.OSIRIS, PROTOX (Prediction of Rodent Oral Toxicity), and FlexX 2.1.3, respectively.

Results:

All the designed molecules belong to three sub-series, i.e. 2, 4-dioxothiazolidine-5-acetic
acid single amino acid hybrid methyl esters, 2, 4-dioxothiazolidine-5-acetic acid dipeptide hybrid
methyl esters and 2, 4-dioxothiazolidine-5-acetic acid tripeptide hybrid methyl esters. All molecules
were non-toxic. SSMA2, SSMA14, SSMA49, and SSDM50 showed good docking scores in 2PRG
and 2UV4, respectively.

Conclusion:

The selected in silico studies helped to design hybrids with less toxicity, target specificity
with dual activity as potential anti-diabetic and cardioprotective agents.
The locus of Action of CGRPergic Monoclonal Antibodies Against Migraine: Peripheral Over Central Mechanisms
Authors: González-Hernández Abimael , Marichal-Cancino Bruno A. , García-Boll Enrique , Villalón Carlos M.
Published: June 2020

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder characterized by attacks of moderate to severe
unilateral headache, accompanied by photophobia among other neurological signs. Although an
arsenal of antimigraine agents is currently available in the market, not all patients respond to them. As
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine, CGRP
receptor antagonists (gepants) have been developed. Unfortunately, further pharmaceutical development
(for olcegepant and telcagepant) was interrupted due to pharmacokinetic issues observed during
the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT). On this basis, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; immunoglobulins)
against CGRP or its receptor has recently emerged as a novel pharmacotherapy to treat
migraines. RCT showed that these mAbs are effective against migraines producing fewer adverse
events. Presently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved four mAbs, namely: (i) erenumab;
(ii) fremanezumab; (iii) galcanezumab; and (iv) eptinezumab. In general, specific antimigraine compounds
exert their action in the trigeminovascular system, but the locus of action (peripheral vs. central)
of the mAbs remains elusive. Since these mAbs have a molecular weight of ∼150 kDa, some studies
rule out the relevance of their central actions as they seem unlikely to cross the Blood-Brain Barrier
(BBB). Considering the therapeutic relevance of this new class of antimigraine compounds, the present
review has attempted to summarize and discuss the current evidence on the probable sites of action
of these mAbs.
An Intelligent Artificial Bee Colony and Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization Scheme for Reliable Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Punitha S. , Amuthan A. , Joseph K. Suresh
Published: June 2020

:

Breast cancer is essential to be detected in primitive localized stage for enhancing the
possibility of survival since it is considered as the major malediction to the women society around
the globe. Most of the intelligent approaches devised for breast cancer necessitate expertise that results
in reliable identification of patterns that conclude the presence of oncology cells and determine
the possible treatment to breast cancer patients in order to enhance their survival feasibility. Moreover,
the majority of the existing schemes of the literature incur intensive labor and time, inducing a
predominant impact over the diagnosis time utilized for detecting breast cancer cells. An Intelligent
Artificial Bee Colony and Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization (IABC-ABFO) scheme is proposed
for facilitating a better rate of local and global searching ability in selecting the optimal features
subsets and optimal parameters of ANN considered for breast cancer diagnosis. In the proposed
IABC-ABFO approach, the traditional ABC algorithm used for cancer detection is improved
by integrating an adaptive bacterial foraging process in the onlooker bee and the employee bee
phase that results in optimal exploitation and exploration. The investigation of results of the proposed
IABC-ABFO approach facilitating the use of the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset showed a
mean classification accuracy of 99.52% which is higher than the existing breast cancer detection
schemes.
Optimizing Smartphone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Using Passive Smartphone Data: Initial Insights From an Open Pilot Trial
Authors: Weingarden Hilary , Matic Aleksandar , Calleja Roger Garriga , Greenberg Jennifer L , Harrison Oliver , Wilhelm Sabine
Published: June 2020

Background

Smartphone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is becoming more common, but research on the topic remains in its infancy. Little is known about how people typically engage with smartphone CBT or which engagement and mobility patterns may optimize treatment. Passive smartphone data offer a unique opportunity to gain insight into these knowledge gaps.

Objective

This study aimed to examine passive smartphone data across a pilot course of smartphone CBT for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a psychiatric illness characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance, to inform hypothesis generation and the design of subsequent, larger trials.

Methods

A total of 10 adults with primary diagnoses of BDD were recruited nationally and completed telehealth clinician assessments with a reliable evaluator. In a 12-week open pilot trial of smartphone CBT, we initially characterized natural patterns of engagement with the treatment and tested how engagement and mobility patterns across treatment corresponded with treatment response.

Results

Most participants interacted briefly and frequently with smartphone-delivered treatment. More frequent app usage (r=–0.57), as opposed to greater usage duration (r=–0.084), correlated strongly with response. GPS-detected time at home, a potential digital marker of avoidance, decreased across treatment and correlated moderately with BDD severity (r=0.49).

Conclusions

The sample was small in this pilot study; thus, results should be used to inform the hypotheses and design of subsequent trials. The results provide initial evidence that frequent (even if brief) practice of CBT skills may optimize response to smartphone CBT and that mobility patterns may serve as useful passive markers of symptom severity. This is one of the first studies to examine the value that passively collected sensor data may contribute to understanding and optimizing users’ response to smartphone CBT. With further validation, the results can inform how to enhance smartphone CBT design.
Clustering followers of influencers accounts based on likes and comments on Instagram Platform
Authors: Cahyo Puji Winar , Habibi Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The promotion of goods or services is now facilitated by the dissemination of information through Instagram. Dissemination of information is usually done by influencers or promotional accounts. The account used certainly has a lot of followers. Because of the large amount of follower data in that account, it can be grouped into the same characters. This is done to determine the potential for promotion using social media accounts. This study uses data from 2 popular accounts. The first account is an artist with the username ayutingting92. The second account is Infounjaya, the official promotion account from Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Yogyakarta. The results of grouping can divide follower data into two cluster groups with different interactions. The basic difference between the two groups is the number of likes and comments. The infounjaya account analysis results showed that of 4,906 followers, only 3,211 followers were actively involved in the interaction, 1,695 followers were passive followers who did not like or did not comment on the interaction. Meanwhile, the results of the ayutingting92 follower cluster show that out of 1 million sample data followers, only 13,591 followers were actively involved in the interaction of likes and comments, 986,409 were passive followers.
Tax Code Change Impacts on the Practice of Corporate Finance
Authors: Duggal Rakesh , Budden Michael C.
Published: June 2020

Public Law No. 115-97 (initially introduced in the house as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or TCJA) passed by Congress in 2017 has significantly revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Since taxes play an important role in financial decision-making, the TCJA will impact decisions in many areas of corporate finance, including capital structure and capital budgeting. By using S&P 500 data, this paper attempts to broadly estimate these impacts. The lower corporate tax rate under the new law reduces the corporate incentive to borrow to benefit from the interest expense tax shield. The lower tax rate also reduces the depreciation tax shield and marginally raises the average cost of capital. However, an S&P 500 firm on average will receive an estimated $239 million per year in tax-related benefits, based on 2017 financial data. This annual benefit will decrease after five years as the 100% expensing of investments is gradually withdrawn after 2023.
КОЛЛЕКТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ МОЩНОСТЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Рахмилевич И. , Хомутская О. , Ванцов С.
Published: June 2020

В статье рассмотрены возможности совместного использования производственных мощностей, находящихся во владении мастерских, лабораторий и отдельных людей, путем создания шеринговой платформы для оказания услуг по производству товаров и аренде оборудования.
ГЕТЕРОГЕННАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ КАК ОДИН ИЗ ПУТЕЙ ВЫХОДА РОССИЙСКОЙ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ ИЗ КРИЗИСА
Authors: Хохлун А. , Чигиринский С.
Published: June 2020

В статье анализируется развитие технологий гетерогенной интеграции в микроэлектронике и изменения, происходящие в связи с этим в структуре отрасли. Гетерогенная интеграция предлагается в качестве одного из путей решения проблемы ЭКБ в отечественной электронной промышленности.
Stress Distribution in Pipe Samples of Gas Pipelines with Welded Joints
Authors: Buldakova I. V. , Volkova L. V. , Muravyev V. V.
Published: June 2020

Напряжения в зоне термического влияния и сварного соединения связаны с наличием внутренних напряжений, возникновение которых связано с различными причинами. Основными из них являются неравномерность нагрева и усадки сварного шва, а также структурные изменения металла и околошовной зоны в процессе сварки. Эти напряжения могут складываться с эксплуатационными напряжениями, что в свою очередь приводит к ускорению скорости зарождения трещин в зоне сварного соединения. Произведена оценка двухосных напряжений в основном металле и в зоне сварных соединений магистральных трубопроводов на основе явления акустоупругости с использованием трех типов волн различных поляризаций (продольной и двух поперечных с ортогональной поляризацией) и электромагнитно-акустического преобразования ввода-приема ультразвуковых волн.В осевом направлении ближе к краям вырезки значения напряжений ниже, чем по центру, что объясняется уменьшением напряжений при удалении связей. Похожая картина наблюдается для окружного σ2 направления. В образцах со сварным соединением наблюдается резкое уменьшение значения относительных напряжений в зоне термовлияния сварного соединения по сравнению с напряжениями в области основного металла.
Reducing the Text Document Volume Based on Analysis of Its Correlation Dependencies
Authors: Mochenov S. V. , Ahmetgaleev R. R. , Lazarev S. A.
Published: June 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы анализа текстовой информации с целью сокращения ее объема и представления содержания текста произвольных размеров в виде реферата. Текст рассматривается как генеральная совокупность предложений. В качестве основы для проведения анализа текста используются частотные (весовые) характеристики слов, в частности, существительных, используемых автором при построении предложений. Определена роль отдельных категорий слов. На основе весовых характеристик все слова разделяются на многократно и однократно используемые. Сформулированы рекомендации по применению слов-фильтров для извлечения из текста определенных предложений или группы предложений и представления их пользователю. Разработана методика анализа текстового документа. Анализируемый текст разбивается на группы предложений. Многократные слова используются в качестве базовых слов при определении корреляционных зависимостей между предложениями текста.  На основе корреляционных зависимостей по каждой группе определяется одно приоритетное предложение, отражающее смысловую составляющую участка текста, задаваемого группой. За счет разбиения на группы достигается сокращение объема текста. Общее число приоритетных предложений соответствует числу групп. Эти предложения могут быть использованы для формирования реферата и предоставляют исследователю (пользователю) адекватную и сжатую информацию о содержании анализируемого документа. В статье приводятся примеры анализа, определяются направления дальнейших исследований.
Extraction, Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Roots of Dactylorhiza hatagirea
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Jain Prabhat Kumar , Parkhe Geeta
Published: June 2020

The present work showed phytochemical screening, anti-inflammatory activities and sub-acute toxicity of hydro-ethanolic extract of roots of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. hatagirea) and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia (C. angustifolia). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema method. Acute toxicity of the extract (2000 mg/kg) was examined in Swiss albino mice for 14 days. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids. The total phenolics content of roots of Dactylorhiza hatagirea and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia extract was (0.675, 0.456mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.832, 1.091mg/100mg) respectively. Hydro-ethanolic extract up to 2000 mg/kg did not produce any toxic effects. The hydro-ethanolic extract of Dactylorhiza hatagirea and Curcuma angustifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) inhibited the inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats in a dose dependent manner. After anti-inflammatory activity tablet formulation was prepared of the extract and evaluated as per IP.  The hydro-ethanolic extract of Dactylorhiza hatagirea and Curcuma angustifolia possesses a strong anti-inflammatory activity and may be considered an interesting source of effective anti-inflammatory compounds.

Keywords:   Sub-acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory effect, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Curcuma angustifolia, Herbal tablet formulation
Majoon-E-Piyaz: A Potent Unani Formulation for Premature Ejaculation
Authors: ALAM SHAH , Anjum Nighat , Akhtar Jamal , Bashir Fouzia , Khan Asim Ali
Published: June 2020

Surʻat-e-Inzāl (Premature Ejaculation) is the most prevalent male sexual dysfunction affecting 25 - 40% global population of men. It is a universal disorder and is independent of age, social or marital status. It has a significant impact on both- patients and their partners, causing distress, anxiety and relationship difficulties affecting the quality of life. Several aetiologies have been proposed by various researchers which are not evidence-based but speculative. Accordingly the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) issued treatment guidelines for Premature Ejaculation (PE) recommending Serotonergic Antidepressants (SSRIs) and Local Anaesthetics (LA) for its management in modern medicine. However, these treatments were not actually developed for PE, and have limitations associated with their off-label use. Furthermore, nearly all the recommended drugs have a wider spectrum of adverse effects and serious drug interactions which sometimes could be fatal. On the other hand, centuries old Unani medicine offers a complete line of treatment for Surʻat-e-Inzāl based on traditional knowledge and experience. Unani physicians devised a large number of poly-herbal recipes which are still in vogue.  Majoon-e-Piyaz (MP) is one of the compound Unani formulations which are in use for the treatment of premature ejaculation since centuries. This article is an attempt to summarize scientific investigations in support of the claim made by Unani physicians regarding Majoon-e-Piyaz (MP). 

Keywords: Surʻat-e-Inzāl, Premature Ejaculation, Majoon-e-Piyaz, Unani Medicine
Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Arbutus unedo L. Extracts
Authors: Laouicha Saliha , Senator Abderrahmane , Kherbache Abdallah , Bouriche Hamama
Published: June 2020

Arbutus unedo L. is a plant widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin and North Africa, frequently used in traditional folk medicine to treat diabetes and arterial hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate (EA.E) and n-butanolic (But.E) extracts prepared from leaves of Arbutus unedo. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH•, OH•, H2O2, O•-2, ß-carotene bleaching and AAPH-induced erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis assays. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in both extracts. The high amount was observed in EA.E which exerted the stronger antioxidant effect, with IC50 values of 3.43 μg/mL, 323.45 µg/mL, 38.40 µg/mL and 11.56 µg/mL, in DPPH•, OH•, O•-2 and H2O2 tests, respectively. Both extracts inhibited β-carotene bleaching, but EA.E is always more potent (92%) than But.E (85%). Furthermore, the EA.E showed the highest protective effect on erythrocyte hemolysis induced by AAPH, with half time hemolysis (HT50) of 122.02 min at 40 µg/mL. Taken together, this study showed that Arbutus unedo leaf extracts possess strong antioxidant potential, which may be attributed to the presence of a high amount of polyphenolic constituents. So, this plant might be exploited as a potential source of natural antioxidant agents for pharmaceutical and food applications.

Keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidant, phenolic compounds, Arbutus unedo.
El existencialismo de Gabriel Marcel. Aspectos del problema de la verdad desde la filosofía concreta
Authors: Pereira-Ríos Diego
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se profundiza en la filosofía concreta de Gabriel Marcel, al abordar su aporte específico al problema de la verdad. Se divide en dos partes: la primera donde se expone los conceptos centrales de la filosofía concreta, y la segunda, donde se busca demostrar las reflexiones del autor en torno al problema de la verdad. Marcel centra su atención en el cuerpo como acceso a ella. Propone la verdad como un valor trascendente, buscado por todo ser humano, pero que muchas veces se encuentra impedido de acceder a ella por el avance de la tecnificación de la existencia. Para él, entre verdad y libertad hay una conexión importante. Se alcanza ser libre al encontrar la verdad, y se encuentra la verdad al ser libre.
Forensic neurology - the role of a neurologist in a forensic medical assessment
Authors: Vojvodic Nikola , Popovic Vesna , Vojvodic Ljubica , Mihaljev Ivan , Atanasijevic Tatjana
Published: June 2020

Forensic neurology is tasked with assessing the consequences of injuries as applied to different situations that interface with the law based on the understanding of nervous system functioning and the mechanisms of neurological diseases. In this article, based on our own experiences, we have tried to highlight the areas of forensic medicine in which the findings and the expert opinion of a neurologist were not only important, but also crucial for making fair judicial decisions. Our intention was to encourage more efforts to establish and expand the role of neurologists in certain areas, foremostly the expertise of responsibility and accountability of a crime perpetrators, as well as determining their processing ability.
Kielioppi kerrosten ja kytkentöjen verkostona
Authors: Hamunen Markus
Published: June 2020

Arvioitu teos:

Urpo Nikanne: Conceptual semantics. A micro-modular approach. Constructional Approaches to Language 23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company 2018. xvi + 281 s. isbn 978-90-272-0117-1.
O IMPACTO DA AUSÊNCIA E A PRESENÇA PERNICIOSA: COVID-19 E A NECESSIDADE DE REEDUCAÇÃO HUMANA PARA SOBREVIVÊNCIA DO MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Silveira Éderson Luís , Santana Wilder Kléber Fernandes de
Published: June 2020

A preocupação com questões ambientais existe faz alguns séculos. Assim, inúmeras reflexões e eventos histórico-filosóficos voltados para a relação dos seres humanos com o ecossistema foram sendo legitimados com o passar do tempo e a intensificação dos efeitos nocivos das ações humanas sobre o meio também. Diante de tais considerações, este trabalho objetiva analisar a necessidade de reeducação humana para sobrevivência do meio ambiente diante dos impactos causados pela pandemia instaurada pelo COVID-19. Desse modo, este texto se inscreve no âmbito de escritos que visam promover o exercício da criticidade e da empatia. Em meio a uma pandemia que produziu um confinamento em larga escala de proporções globais se buscou pensar: qual o efeito da ausência humana e qual a responsabilidade das ações sobre o meio ambiente durante e depois de catástrofes naturais ou epidemiologias globais? Os resultados prévios apontam para a urgência de haver não apenas conscientização, mas a necessidade de que haja uma reeducação para a sensibilidade norteada a partir de questões alteritárias.
The Implementation of Student Worksheets (LKM) on Relations and Functions through Website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet
Authors: Netriwati Netriwati , Busmayaril Busmayaril
Published: June 2020

Student Worksheet is a learning media that can be used as a guide for students and lecturers in the teaching and learning process. The developed product of this research is a website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ learning outcomes and motivation in learning mathematics. This research employed the pre-experimental method with one-group pretest-posttest design. The small-scale testing obtained an average score of 3.1 which is included in the interesting category. The large-scale testing obtained an average score of 3.26 which is included in the very interesting category. The website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet obtained an average score of 0.48 which is included in the medium category for its effectiveness. It can be concluded that the website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet is feasible and very interesting to be used in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes for better learning in Basic Mathematics course.