bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF 4-AMINO BENZAMIDE DERIVED 1,2,3-TRIAZOLE LINKED CHALCONE AND ITS PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: S SATHIYA , BS KRISHNAMOORTHY , S MEENACHI , R RAVIKUMAR
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The present work planned to investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-oxidant activity against 4-amino benzamide derived 1,2,3-triazole linked chalcone and pyrazoline derivatives.
Methods: Anti-microbial activity for pyrazoline derivatives was accomplished by serial dilution method. The test organisms of bacterial strains were (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas fluorescence) and the fungal cultures (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Trichoderma harzanium). The method used in the anti-oxidant activity is 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide scavenging method.
Results: All the compounds showed good to moderate anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. The results of IC50 values showed lower potent inhibition activity with DPPH and higher potent inhibition activity in nitric oxide scavenging method.
Conclusion: All the compounds had exhibited capricious growth inhibitory effect on anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-oxidant activities.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANY WORKERS’ INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
Authors: Ali Syed Imran , Tasleem Sumera , Qudsiya Sanam Maria
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study were to find out differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after computer usage and to find out differences in IOP in males and females. Computers have become such a vital part of our daily lives that it is often difficult for us to eliminate our use. The present age is regarded as the computer age. Most of our time goes looking at screens of different forms in laptops, desktop computers, tablets, and mobile phones. Computers use has become a necessity of the present-day world in various professions and it may sometimes require prolonged sessions which can produce strain on the eyes, liable to affect IOP.
Methods: The present study includes 100 subjects between 20 and 40 years of age who works continuously for at least 4 h a day on computer screens and individuals without ophthalmological disorders. Schiotz tonometer was used to measure IOP by an ophthalmologist.
Results: Our study sample contains 80% males and 20% females, with a manage of 29.29 and 27.55 years, respectively. The increase in IOP value of the left eye after exposure is comparatively more significant in the 6–10 years exposure group (p=0.0000). This finding is similar to the one obtained for the right eye. There is a significant increase in mean IOP values after computer exposure in both males and females. However, the increase is comparatively more significant in males compared to females.
Conclusion: There will be a significant increase in IOP after Computer exposure in both genders with a comparatively greater rise of IOP in males than those in females.
REVIEWING THE ROLE OF INTRAVENOUS STEROIDS IN BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA-LUNG CONTUSION
Authors: KULKARNI PRANAV CHANDRAKANT , HIREMATH RAVISHEKAR N , GHODKE SANDHYA , VERMA VISHAL , MITTAL MOHIT
Published: September 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to see the effect of intravenous steroids in patients with blunt chest trauma-lung contusion and to compare the effect of steroid use based on improvement in oxygen saturation, ABG, and hospital stay, in the study group and control group.
Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out on patients with blunt chest trauma having lung contusion who were admitted to the multispecialty hospital for 2 years. Data were collected in a predesigned proforma. All patients with radiologically proven lung contusion were observed based on the steroid treatment given or not. Group A was steroid (study) group and Group B was non-steroid (control) group with 25 sample size in each group. Group A patients were treated with steroid (hydrocortisone) 20 mg/kg/day 6 hourly which was tapered over time. Control group patients were treated identically except for steroid use.
Results: Most of the injuries affected the middle age group (25 to 65 years) which accounted for a total of 84%. The percentage of males and females in the study were 76% and 24%, respectively. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents which account for 76% as compared to non-road traffic accidents (24%). Statistical analysis showed there was an improvement in both groups in parameters such as Spo2, ABG-Pco2, and ABG-Sao2 and were statistically significant. While other improvements like ABG-Po2, radiological CT, and hospital stays were statistically insignificant.
Conclusions: As both groups were showing improvements and there was no statistically much difference seen in both groups, we concluded that there is no role of intra-venous steroid use in lung contusion. However, every patient must undergo CT for a better assessment of the injury. Objective scoring systems are required in CT assessment of lung injury and studies with increased sample size and carried out at multiple centers are required for better conclusions.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF SKIN
Authors: ITALIYA SWETA , PUROHIT ASHA , GOHEL ARPIT , Prajapati Hitesh
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To find the prevalence of various non-neoplastic skin lesions in our tertiary care hospital. (2) To study the age- and sex-wise distribution of non-neoplastic skin lesions. (3) To compare the results of the present study with other studies.
Methods: The present study comprised total 200 punch biopsy specimens of diagnosed cases of non-neoplastic lesions of skin, detailed clinical data, age, sex, and sites of skin lesion of patients which were included in the study. Specimens received were fixed in 10% formalin. Biopsy bits were submitted as whole and processed in automated tissue processor for routine paraffin embedding.
Results: A total of 200 lesions were analyzed. Maximum cases were in the age group of 21–30 years followed by 31–40 years age. Fifty-five (27.5%) cases were of non-infectious erythematous, papular, and squamous diseases followed by 54 (27%) cases of vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular diseases, 37 (18.5%) cases of bacterial diseases, 20 (10%) cases of fungal diseases, and 34 (17%) cases of vascular lesions, connective tissue disorders, non-infectious granulomas, perforating disorders, etc.
Conclusion: Skin lesions were common in males than in females with male: female ratio of 1.38:1. Younger age group was more commonly affected. Non-infectious erythematous, papular, and squamous lesions were most common with psoriasis being the most common followed by non-infectious vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular lesions with pemphigus vulgaris being the most common, followed by infective lesions consisting of bacterial, fungal, and viral lesions. Other lesions consisted of vascular skin lesions, connective tissue disorders non-infectious granulomas, perforating disorders, etc.
MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST-EPIDEMIOLOGY, THE PATTERN OF CARE, AND TREATMENT OUTCOME: EXPERIENCE FROM THE TERTIARY CANCER CARE CENTER
Authors: DUTTA SHATARUPA , BANERJEE SAPTARSHI , BERA ANJAN , MANDAL SRIKRISHNA , BANERJEE CHANDRIMA
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Medullary breast carcinoma is a very rare subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma breast which accounts for about 1–7% of all breast carcinoma. The natural history of this uncommon histological subtype is unknown because of the lack of adequate reported data in the literature and the rare variety of this tumor. In our retrospective analysis, we have tried to identify demographic clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of this rare subtype.
Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017, total of 1271 breast carcinoma cases were identified, and clinic pathological, demographic profile, and treatment received were recorded from the medical records file. American joint committee on Cancer tumor, node, and metastasis system was used for staging.
Results: Out of 1271 breast carcinomas, 19 histologically confirmed medullary carcinoma cases were identified and constitute about 1.5% of the total case. About 78% of patients were with Stage II and Stage III disease at the time of diagnosis. Eleven patients were initially treated with MRM followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Eight patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiotherapy. In addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy, two patients received trastuzumab also. None of the patients received hormone therapy as all the patients were hormone receptor-negative.
Conclusions: Out of all invasive carcinoma, approximately 1.5% of cases were medullary carcinoma. About 90% of cases were triple-negative. Triple-negative breast cancer is usually associated with poor outcomes but medullary carcinoma despite being triple-negative, patients with medullary carcinoma have a good chance of long-term survival.
ACACIA CATACHU GUM IN SITU FORMING GELS WITH PROLONGED RETENTION TIME FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: SINGH MANDEEP , DEV DHRUV
Published: September 2022

Objective: The object is to study acacia catechu gum in situ, forming gels with prolonged retention times for ocular drug delivery.
Methods: This study was sample collection and extraction, pre-formulation research, drug melting point and solubility preparation of standard stock solution, lambda max determination, and preparation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in situ gel.
Results: The melting point of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was found to be 290°C. The solubility of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in pH 2.0 and pH 6.8 media is 7.88 0.005 mg/ml and 0.080 0.05 mg/ml. The max of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was found to be 276–277 nm in simulated tear fluid pH 7.4. Prepared in situ gelling systems were evaluated for interaction studies to ensure that no interaction occurred between drugs and polymers. The pH of the formulations was found to be 7.1–7.4, and the drug content was in the range of 92–98%. All the prepared in situ gelling systems were evaluated for sterility. After 7 days of incubation, the results showed no microbial growth in all formulations.
Conclusion: The developed formulation is a viable alternative to the conventional eye drops by virtue of its ability to enhanced bioavailability through its longer precorneal residence time.
TUBEIMOSIDE-1, A TRITERPENOID SAPONIN: AN UPDATE ON ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Authors: SOROMOU LANAN WASSY , FODÉ CAMARA MAMADOU
Published: September 2022

It is known that humans have been using natural products for medicinal use for ages. Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1) is a triterpenoid saponin first isolated in China from Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet, Cucurbitaceae. This review provides a deep overview on TBMS1 and extensively summarizes its pharmacological functions. As result, TBMS1 has drawn great interest in medicinal field due to its multiple pharmacological functions such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-human immunodeficiency viruses, and neuroprotective properties. Further, TBMS1 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. Although possessing important functions, further experimentations are required to broaden the scope of its application.
FACTORS AFFECTING INTRAOCULAR BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS
Authors: DESAI MIRA , KAPADIA JIGAR
Published: September 2022

Ophthalmic drug delivery remains a significant challenge to the clinicians. A number of anatomic and physiological barriers restrict the entry of drug inside the ocular tissues, especially in the posterior segment of eye. The present review discusses various ocular barriers and drug factors which influence the ophthalmic drug delivery. Furthermore, recent advances in ophthalmic drug formulations attempted to overcome these barriers have been explored.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PATTERN AND THE RISK FACTORS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: BABY MINU , RG ANAND , MATHEW ANU ELINE , SHAJAHAN JIHANA
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the pattern and risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: In this retrospective study, all the suspected ADRs reported to ADR monitoring center were analyzed for the demographic details, its temporal association, status of recovery, seriousness and outcome of reaction, details of the suspected and concomitant medications. Data on various predisposing factors responsible for an ADR, such as presence of co-morbidities, use of Fixed Dose Combinations (FDC), improper monitoring, presence of drug interactions, and presence of polypharmacy were also collected. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for data analysis. A p value of <0.05 was taken as level of significance.
Results: Out of the total 233ADRs, 48.9% were reported among geriatric patients. The study showed a female preponderance with 51.9%. The highest number of ADRs was reported from the therapeutic class of antimicrobials 18.9%. The skin and appendages constituted the most common organ system affected with 33.5%. Out of 106 serious ADRs, majority required prolonged hospitalization 62.3%. About 78.1 % of reactions were found to be predictable and 72.5% preventable. A positive association was found between ADR and co-exiting co-morbidity (60%), polypharmacy (66.5%), and use of FDC (18.45%). ADRs secondary to inadequate monitoring was 7.7% and those due to drug-drug interaction was 6.5%.
Conclusion: Female population, age >60 years, and presence of concomitant co-morbidities were the patient related risk factors and polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, and inadequate monitoring were the drug related risk factors for development of ADRs.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST RESULTS IN CLINICAL ISOLATES FROM VARIOUS ICU AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Patel Rachana , Jain Mannu , Luhar Chinmay
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objectives of this study were to study bacteriological profile of clinical isolates, to study Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolates from various intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide Antibiotic sensitivity pattern to clinicians.
Methods: Different samples were received from all ICU from which different microorganisms grown by culture. Identification of microorganisms done by different biochemical reactions and antibiotic sensitivity testing done by manual Kirby disk diffusion method as standard manual protocol.
Results: In the present our study, Acinetobater is more prevalent that is 28% followed by Escherichia coli (22%), Pseudomonas spp (18%), and Klebsiella spp (17%). Acinetobacter species was highest in Neonatal ICU (25%) and Medical ICU (40%), while E. coli was highest in Pediatric ICU (39%) and Surgical ICU (39%), Pseudomonas spp. (28%) was highest in Idaho Central Credit Union patients. Most effective drugs are Levofloxacin, Imipenem, Piperacillintazobactam, and Amikacin.
Discussion and Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance is emerging problem worldwide especially in ICU. Hence, it is very important to know resistant pattern and to formulate antibiogram of antibiotics for better management care of patient in all clinical set up, which may help to patient escalation and de-escalation of antibiotics.
EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC HYSTERECTOMY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY FROM A TEACHING HOSPITAL OVER THREE YEARS
Authors: RAHAR MONIKA , AGARWAL MANJU , BHATI ANJLINA , SINGH SURENDRA , RAVIKRISHAN AISHWARYA
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Objective of the present study to evaluate the incidence, indications, and complications associated with emergency obstetric hysterectomy.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study was conducted in Smt. Hira Kunwar Ba Mahila Hospital, Jhalawar attached to Jhalawar medical college between January 2018 and April 2021, and who had and Emergency obstetric hysterectomy during the same admission, were identified from the hospital database.
Results: The incidence of emergency obstetric hysterectomy in our study 0.2/1000 deliveries following vaginal deliveries and 0.9/1000 deliveries following caesarean deliveries. The overall incidence was 0.4/1000 deliveries. Rupture uterus 5 (38.5%) was the most common indications followed by postpartum hemorrhage 4 (30.8%) and morbidly adherent placenta 4 (30.8%).
Conclusions: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy is a lifesaving procedure in those cases where medical management has failed.
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN NEONATES WITH UNSTABLE CLINICAL COURSE
Authors: Narang Gursharan Singh , Kaur Kajaldeep , Singh Gurmeet , Ashwani kumar
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine incidence of development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants with GA ≥34 weeks or BW ≥1750 g having unstable clinical course.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, all infants with GA ≥34 weeks or BW ≥1750 g having unstable clinical course were enrolled after taking informed consent from the parents. All these neonates were screened for ROP at 4 weeks of gestation age. Incidence of ROP was calculated and risk factors were also evaluated.
Results: Out of total 426 admissions to neonatal intensive care unit, 52 babies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in study. Incidence of ROP in neonates ≥34 weeks was 4%. Among the various neonatal factors, the presence of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, administration of blood transfusions, and surfactant therapy were having significant association with ROP.
Conclusion: ROP can even occur in babies with GA ≥34 weeks and normal birth weight neonates. Careful and timed retinal examination of all at risk infants will minimize the development of ROP and later on blindness which will lower the social and economic burden.
PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: VYAS SWATI , YADAV POOJA , RP AGRAWAL
Published: September 2022

Objective: We organized a study to determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in individuals with chronic renal disease, because there has not been much research on this topic in our area. Studying any relationships, if any, between PHT and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage was another goal. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 108 CKD cases was carried out (according to various phases based on glomerular filtration rate) and included participants over the age of 18. SPSS software was used to collect and analyze all data. Correlation was determined using the corelation coefficient. Results: About 15.74% of people with CKD had PHT. Patients’ PHT was mild in 47.06% of cases, moderate in 41.18% of cases, and severe in 11.11% of cases. The correlation between the stage of CKD and PHT was determined to be statistically negligible. Age, CKD stage and duration, and PAH were revealed to be statistically unimportant in linear regression. Conclusion: About 15.74% of CKD patients had PHT, according to the study. The age of the patients, the length of the CKD, and the stage of the CKD were positively correlated with PHT.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLOBETASOL-17-PROPIONATE-LOADED CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE
Authors: YADAV MAMTA , AGGARWAL, PANKAJ , YADAV DEEPIKA , SINGH ANAND
Published: September 2022

Objective: Formulation and evaluation of clobetasol-17-propionate-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticle. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder caused due to the autoimmune factors. It has a detrimental psychological and physiological impact on patients due to the emergence of apparent skin. The systemic therapy with anti-psoriatic drugs such corticosteroids, immunosuppressant, and gene suppressors causes severe side effects. As a result, increasing the effectiveness and safety of the aforementioned medicines when applied topically would be extremely useful in avoiding the side effects associated with the systemic route of administration.
Methods: Chitosan (CS) has not been widely used in the clinic applications but due to its limited solubility and poor mechanical characteristics. CS, on the other hand, is chemically changed to form carboxymethyl (CMC), which is soluble at both neutral and basic pH. Chemical modifications can also be used to attach different functional groups and control hydrophobic, cationic, and anionic properties. CMC is a promising carrier that might possibly traverse the thick scales of psoriatic skin since it is a penetration enhancer that allows drug diffusion through either the transcellular or paracellular pathways. Comparative study is done using CMC as a polymer and CD as a polymer.
Results: CP-loaded CMC nanoparticles show better result results than CP-loaded CD polymer.
Conclusion: Clobetasol-17-propionate-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticle shows better results with improved solubility.
USING ASPEN PLUS TO SIMULATE PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESSES – AN ASPIRIN CASE STUDY
Authors: Douglas Alisa , Elkamel Ali
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this paper is to illustrate uses of Aspen Plus (Aspen) to pharmaceutical processes with a specific focus on the production of aspirin. Chemical process simulators such as Aspen have received little attention for pharmaceutical applications; this is due in part to prevalence of dynamic batch reactors, specialized raw materials and products often including solids and solids handling unit operations.
Methods: Aspen was used to first validate an experimental study and then extended to a commercial scale process.
Results: Aspen adequately reproduced the experimental results obtained from a dynamic batch reactor. Extension to the commercial scale illustrated the power of Aspen to simulate pharmaceutical processes as well as provide costing and economic analysis.
Conclusions: It was found that although the modeling of this relatively simple process is more complicated than it initially seemed, Aspen was capable of handling the difficulties inherent in dealing with solids, batch reactions, and crystal growth. In addition, its optimization and economic analysis features provided enhanced flow sheeting functionality. Its batch reactor model, RBATCH, is capable of modeling batch reactors involving multiple solid-liquid reactions following various reaction rate laws.
ASSESSMENT OF LEVELS OF LIPID PROFILE, APOLIPOPROTEINS, AND ATHEROGENIC INDEX IN CORD BLOOD OF NEONATES ACCORDING TO GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: SAMAR RAJKUMARI , MEHTA SEEMA , PALIWAL AKANKSHA , PUROHIT CHITRA , JAIN SUMAN
Published: September 2022

Background: A considerable amount of cholesterol is needed by human body for the maintenance of tissue and various bodily metabolisms. Cardiac disorders are major cause for morbidity and mortality in recent years. Cord blood lipoprotein is influenced by factors such as placental insufficiency, mode of delivery, and conditions affecting fetal growth. The present study was planned to analyze cord blood lipid profile, apolipoproteins, and atherogenic index in different gestational age and compare them gender wise.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur. The study group included 640 neonates, divided into two groups on the basis of gestational age into near-term neonates (34–37 weeks) and term neonates (>37 weeks). The cord blood samples were taken from placental side of umbilical cord at birth. The blood was tested to determine lipid profile, apolipoproteins, and atherogenic index.
Results: The results showed total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA-1, and Apo B level higher in near-term neonates group than term neonates. TC, TG, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-1 were negatively correlated but LDL-C and apolipoprotein B were positively correlated with gestational age.
Conclusion: The study showed that the gestational age is associated with lipid parameters. Prematurity as a factor was associated with atherogenic index.
El uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del centro de Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Castañón Rodríguez Julio César , Sámano Rubio Adriana , Baca Pumarejo José Rafael
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: analizar la relación que hay entre la capacitación, la infraestructura, las barreras para usar las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones y el uso de estas en las actividades de 300 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del centro de Tamaulipas. Metodología: se utilizan el enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño no experimental y transversal. Resultados: se evidencian relaciones significativas entre las variables de la investigación (acceso, capacitación e intensidad de uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones) y se detectaron barreras que impiden el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Valor: la investigación aporta un análisis empírico del contexto regional y muestra el contraste con otros estudios sobre los obstáculos para el financiamiento de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones y para la capacitación. Limitaciones: la muestra se circunscribió a las empresas de comercio y de servicios. Conclusiones: con base en la evidencia, se recomienda elevar el nivel de capacitación, aumentar la infraestructura para acrecentar el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para reducir la brecha digital.
Email Spam Detection using Naïve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Revathi G. , Rao K. Nageswara , Ratnam G. Sita
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Email Spam has become a vital issue currently, with high-speed growth of internet users. Some people are using them for illegal conducts, phishing and fraud. Sending malicious link through spam emails which can harm our system and may also they will seek into our system. The need of email spam detection is to prevent spam messages from lagging into user’s inbox so it’ll improve user experience. This project will identify those spam emails by using machine learning approach. Machine learning is one amongst the applications of Artificial Intelligence that allow systems to read and improve from experience without being specific programmed. This paper will discuss the machine learning algorithm which is Naïve Bayes. It is a probabilistic classifier, which means it predicts on the idea of the probability of an object and it is selected for the email spam detection having best precision and accuracy.
Developing programming language with compilers using JFlex in NetBean: Expanding and testing simple operators by implementing a calculator
Authors: Tshering Younten , Tamrakar Suyogya Ratna , Kamishetty Sai Preetham
Published: September 2022

Abstract: JFlex is a lexical analyzer generator and takes input requirements with a set of regular expressions and corresponding actions. It creates a program (a lexer) that reads input, matches the input against the regular expressions, and runs the matching action. This paper shows how Programming Language can be developed. This work was done to develop a simple programming language with compilers using JFlex in NetBean so that it can support assignment statements, if then else, while do and type checking and its execution. The data type included are int, real, char, and Boolean/String. The key concept used in this work was the execution of the grammar or rules in the cup file. The parse tree records a sequence of rules the parser applies to recognize the input. The tool used for the development of lexical analyzers was JFlex. JFlex Lexers was based on deterministic finite automata (DFAs). To show the implementation and working of operators, a simple calculator was designed that supports addition and multiplication operations. Further, the key compiler concepts like lexical analyzers, semantic analysis, and parse trees are discussed. This paper will help understand the syntax and way to develop simple language. For the programming language developed, the evaluations of the expressions and statements are recursively done. Type checking and Error checking are also done where two operands are checked for their compatibility with the operator and are shown if incompatible expressions are found.
The Investigational the Effects of Waste Products Such as Wood Ash, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, and Rice Husk Ash on the Durability of Concrete
Authors: Shrivastava Vishal
Published: September 2022

Abstract: In this examination the correlation Wood ash, sugar cane bagasse ash, Rice husk ash and concrete quality utilizing destructive test equipment have been completed. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials (Wood ash, sugar cane bagasse ash, Rice husk ash) and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are used. Squander materials are used in concrete with the substitution bond of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. These beams, cylinder and cube are tried on 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive quality, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of destructive test equipments. Concrete is a broadly utilized development material for its different preference, for example, low cost, accessibility, imperviousness to fire and so on. Because of expanded development exercises for various areas and utilities terrifying of common assets is being constrained because of it’s over abuse. The consumption of the characteristic assets is risk to the earth. So the utilization of the option material which replaces the normally accessible material is another approach to influence the concrete and furthermore to spare the earth.
Prodogious Potential of Redtacton Solitary and in Digital Network
Authors: Saxena Ruchi , Rai Dr. Avinash
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Communication between people and objects in close propinquity is feasible using technologies like Ethernet, IoT, Wifi, etc. Technologies connect objects, networks & people together for data sharing and thus make information ready for access.In new era of technology ,the network security has became the greatest challenge in digital networks. That creates a room and need to have more secure network technology.A breakthrough technology that consider body surface as secure medium is considered to be a promising technology in field of network security.Under Redtacton technology the signals are transmitted through the physical structure that ultimately supports “IEEE 802.3 half-duplex communication” and mobile terminals or seems similar terminals that are implanted within the environment. It uses the weak radio signals and transmit data at greater speeds efficiently.This technology can be applied in multiple application like, in field of banking, security checks, health, etc .During this paper we are going to discuss about Redtacton, and its perks as a secured network for digital system like ATM . we'll also compare enormous potential of Redtacton as an individual's area network with the other available technology .
Perspectivas de educación rural y media técnica agropecuaria en el contexto del posconflicto: ¿desarrollo o alternativas al desarrollo?
Authors: Restrepo Ruiz Catalina , Macías Tapias Edgar Hernán
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión documental que permita articular la reflexión sobre la educación rural y media técnica agropecuaria en Colombia en el contexto del posconflicto, tensionando la relación con el desarrollo y la posibilidad de pensar las alternativas al desarrollo. Este ejercicio académico responde al interés de los autores por comprender a la escuela en su rol ético- político, a fin de vislumbrar horizontes para la paz en las amplias ruralidades del país. Los hallazgos permiten evidenciar la necesidad de pensar la pertinencia de la educación rural y media técnica agropecuaria, reconociendo la escuela como escenario de paz y el rol protagónico del docente como agente detransformaciónsocial. La indagación constata la instalación del discurso desarrollista en los procesos educativos y en los modos de comprender el tránsito hacia la paz. Esta situación contrasta con el enfoque dado por la Reforma Rural Integral de los Acuerdos de La Habana que apuesta por un nuevo modo de entender el campo y el progreso de las comunidades rurales a partir de los procesos educativos allí agenciados. El rastreo de alternativas al desarrollo en relación con la educación vislumbra horizontes hacia otros mundos posibles.
BONE AND IVORY OBJECTS FOUND IN OLD SMYRNA
Authors: AKAR TANRIVER Duygu , FOÇA Serhat
Published: September 2022

In this article, bone and ivory artifacts discovered in Old Smyrna, one of the most important cities in Western Anatolian region, were examined and classified according to their intended use. Most of the objects were found and recorded in previous excavations prior to 2014 and just lately observed during the latest arrangements made in the storehouse. The other part includes the finds unearthed in the recent excavations since 2014. Sixty-three artifacts were examined, including rings, ornaments (fibula, beads, hairpins, pendants), game pieces (game piece, fish vertebrae, astragals), appliqués, and tool handles. All the items were compared with akin samples from nearby and distant archaeological sites, and those with contexts were dated according to the ceramic groups found with them. The worked bone and ivory objects researched in Old Smyrna, inhabited from the Early Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period, were dated to periods within the 1st millennium BC. Overall, due to the limited number of studies, the Old Smyrna finds will make essential contribution to the insufficient level of bone and ivory object researches. These objects provide insight into the daily lives of the people who lived in Smyrna.
Impact of Maintenance Dose of Eptifibatide in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: jalalian rozita , Bagheri Babak , Charati Jamshid Yazdani , Khalaghi Shahrnaz , Iranian Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Mahsa
Published: September 2022

Aim: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is usually
caused by a rupture in the atherosclerotic plaque, followed by platelet
aggregation which ultimately leads to acute coronary artery occlusion.
In this study, we investigated the effect of maintenance dose of
Eptifibatide (intravenous drug of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor) in patients
with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention
(PPCI). Methods: 264 patients who had acute chest pain suggestive of
STEMI were entered in the study. All patients received the same dose of
bolus dose of eptifibatide. Then the patients were randomly divided into
two groups, one group (n=147) received a maintenance dose of intravenous
eptifibatide (infusion of 2g/kg/min) and the other group (n=117) did
not receive this treatment. All patients were evaluated 1 and 3 months
after the start of treatment in terms of predicted outcomes. Results:
The occurrence of three-month MACE between the case and control groups
did not have a statistically significant difference (28.6% versus
35.0% ; P-value: 0.286). Re-hospitalization occurred in 10 patients
(6.8%) from the case group and 30 patients (25.6%) from the control
group, which was statistically significant (P-value: 0.000). Also,
investigations showed that the rate of re-infarction (P-value: 0.024)
and target lesion revascularization (P-value: 0.003) was significantly
lower in the group that received Eptifibatide infusion. Conclusion:
Eptifibatide maintenance dose infusion in patients who undergo PPCI in
the context of STEMI, does not significantly reduce MACE, although it
does significantly reduce re-hospitalization and re-infarction. It also
does not increase the risk of bleeding and cerebrovascular events.
Vonoprazan-Based versus Esomeprazole-Based Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori, a Randomized Trial
Authors: Abdelghani Yasser , Moussa Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

Background: Vonoprazan-based regimens are anticipated to have higher
Helicobacter pylori eradication rates than PPIs. Aim and objective: to
compare between the effectiveness of two 14-day regimens; one based on
vonoprazan and the other on esomeprazole, to eradicate H. pylori.
Patients and methods: Participants were determined to have active H.
pylori infection and were either untreated or had previously received
therapy were randomly assigned to either the VAL group (vonoprazan 20 mg
bid, amoxicillin 1000 mg bid, plus levofloxacin 500 mg once day) or the
EAL group (Esomeprazole 20 mg bid., amoxicillin 1000 mg bid., and
levofloxacin 500 mg once daily). After 4-6 weeks following the end of
the therapy, an H. pylori antigen test was used to determine the degree
of eradication. Results: A number of 122 individuals were randomly
assigned to either the VAL (n = 61) or EAL (n = 61) groups, and 118
patients were successful in completing the study. The eradication rates
of H. pylori were found to be 97.7 percent for the VAL group and 68.5
percent for the EAL group, respectively (P = 0.031). All adverse
treatment-related occurrences were minor and did not differ
substantially between the two groups, such as nausea and vertigo.
Conclusions: The VAL regimen was well tolerated and led to increased
eradication rates; as a result, VAL may be thought of as a powerful
regimen for treating H. pylori, particularly in nations with high levels
of antibiotic resistance.
Analysis of the application value of speckle-tracking imaging technology to assess fetal cardiac function in the early second trimester
Authors: Luo Ling , Liu Hanmin , Chen Jiao , Dai Xiaohui , liu dan , Wu Ting , Zhu Qi
Published: September 2022

Objective: We explored the usefulness of speckle-tracking
imaging (STI) to assess cardiac function in fetal congenital heart
disease in the early second trimester. Method: A total of 152
pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent early fetal
echocardiography at the ultrasound department of our hospital were
randomly selected. There were 40 fetuses with congenital heart disease
(case group) and 112 healthy fetuses (control group). STI was performed
in both groups to measure fetal left ventricular (LV) and right
ventricular (RV) endocardial-myocardial global longitudinal strain
(GLSendo), time to peak longitudinal strain (TTPS), fractional area
change (FAC), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). These parameters were
compared between the two groups, and correlation analyses were
performed. Results: There were no significant differences in
fetal LVEF and RVFAC between the case and control groups. The LV GLSendo
and RV GLSendo were lower in the case group ( P <
0.05). The LV TTPS and RV TTPS were negatively correlated with fetal
heart rate in both groups.After heart rate correction, the TTPS in the
case group was longer than in the control group. Conclusion:
STI may be useful to quantitatively evaluate fetal myocardial
deformation and function in the early second trimester.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Infection Severity on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and Weight in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wong Rachel , Vaddavalli Rohith , Hall Margaret A. , Patel Monil V. , Bramante Carolyn T. , Casarighi Elena , Johnson Steven G. , Lingam Veena , Miller Joshua D. , Reusch Jane , Saltz Mary , Stürmer Til , Tronieri Jena S. , Wilkins Kenneth J. , Buse John B. , Saltz Joel , Huling Jared D. , Moffitt Richard ,   on behalf of the N3C Consortium, Anand Adit , Bennett Tellen , Chute Christopher G. , DeWitt Peter , Evans Michael , Garcia Victor , Gersing Kenneth , Girvin Andrew , Haendel Melissa , Harper Jeremy R. , Hajagos Janos , Hong Stephanie , Pfaff Emily , Wooldridge Jacob , Yoo Yun Jae
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity of infection with longer-term glycemic control and weight in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using longitudinal electronic health record data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Patients were ≥18 years old with an ICD-10 diagnosis of T2D and at least one HbA1c and weight measurement prior to and after an index date of their first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis or negative SARS-CoV-2 test. We used propensity scores to identify a matched cohort balanced on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and medications used to treat diabetes. The primary outcome was the postindex average HbA1c and postindex average weight over a 1 year time period beginning 90 days after the index date among patients who did and did not have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcomes were postindex average HbA1c and weight in patients who required hospitalization or mechanical ventilation.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in the postindex average HbA1c or weight in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with control subjects. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a decrease in average HbA1c after COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

In a multicenter cohort of patients in the U.S. with preexisting T2D, there was no significant change in longer-term average HbA1c or weight among patients who had COVID-19. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a decrease in HbA1c after COVID-19.
The Impact of Area-Limited Skin Burns in the Severity of the Burn Disease and Outcome of Inhalation Injury
Authors: Zhirkova E. A. , Spiridonova T. G. , Eliseenkova E. I. , Sachkov A. V. , Borisov V. S. , Brygin P. A. , Gasanov A. M.
Published: September 2022

IntroductionInhalation injury (ini) makes burn disease more severe. However, it remains unexplored what is the minimum area of the burn that can significantly aggravate of the course of ini.

The objectivewas to compare the incidence of acute respiratory failure (arf), pneumonia, and mortality between patients with ini and ini with superficial skin burns up to 3% total body surface area (tbsa).

Material and methods125 patients with ini and i–ii degree skin burns up to 3% tbsa were allocated into 4 groups: ini without skin burns, ini with burns up to 1% tbsa, up to 2%, and up to 3% tbsa.

ResultsIn the group with ini and skin burns up to 2%, the number of arf, pneumonia cases, and deaths did not statistically significantly differ from the ini group, however in group of ini and burns of more than 2% tbsa, there were more of those complications.

ConclusionSkin burns of i–ii degree over 2% tbsa increase the incidence of acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, and death in patients with ini.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Critically Ill Patients. Possibilities of Laboratory Diagnostics. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ponomaryova A. D. , Leyderman I. N. , Kasherininov I. Yu.
Published: September 2022

Background Acute mesenteric ischemia (ami) is diagnosed in 1 case per 5,000–15,000 operations associated with elective abdominal surgical intervention and in 1 case of 1,000 emergency laparotomies associated with the acute abdomen clinical features. Non-occlusive disorders account for 20-30% of all cases of ami. The absence of pathognomonic symptoms and syndromes, as well as specific laboratory markers of ami, determines significant difficulties in the early diagnosis of this disease, especially in critically ill patients.

Aim of study To identify the main laboratory markers of acute mesenteric ischemia applicable in the resuscitation and intensive care unit (ricu) based on a systematic literature review.

Material and methods A systematic search and selection of publications was carried out in march-april 2021 in accordance with the prisma system checklist (prisma, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes). The search used two databases: the cochrane library of systematic reviews (https://www.cochranelibrary.com) and the pubmed bibliographic database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Key terms in the search parameters were: acute mesenteric ischemia; bowel necrosis predictors; laboratory diagnostics of mesenteric ischemia. Search parameters were limited to the year of publication (not later than 2015). The main results of the review included patients with an established diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia, indicating the level of laboratory parameters (ph of mixed venous blood, lactate, d-dimer, white blood count, mpv, i-fabp, serum marker and alpha-glutathione-s-transferase, indicators of the coagulation and hemostasis). Case reports and editorial letters were excluded from the search.

Results The threshold value for serum l-lactate ranged from 1.05 mmol/l to 5.6 mmol/l. The sensitivity of serum lactate for the diagnosis of ami ranged from 34.7% (95% ci: 0.82–91.64%) to 89.51% (95.4% ci: 75.12–94.28%), and the specificity ranged from 47.3% (94.7% ci: 26.54–67.98%) to 94.5% (93.2% ci: 75.44–96.85%). The threshold level of d-dimer varied from 0.58 nmol/l to 7.84 nmol/l. The sensitivity of blood d-dimer for the diagnosis of ami was 72.6% (94% ci: 56.1–92.4%) to 99.7% (94% ci: 69.15–100%); the specificity ranged from 69% (95% ci: 7.41–33.63%) to 97.89% (95% ci: 90.42–98.1%). Parameters such as transaminases (ast, alt), mpv, ldh, d-lactate, serum amylase were not included in the review due to the lack of a sufficient number of studies.

Conclusion Today, there is no highly specific laboratory marker that could be considered the “gold standard” in the laboratory diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. The most promising in predicting ami are serum levels of l-lactate and d-dimer.
Myocardial Infarction in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Shakhova O. B. , Kuzmina I. M. , Gvindzhiliya T. R. , Damirov M. M. , Muradyan N. A. , Parkhomenko M. V.
Published: September 2022

The study objective Is to present a clinical observation, describe the diagnostics and treatment of acute transmural myocardial infarction in a patient on the 8th day after childbirth

Material and methods A 31-year-old patient was hospitalized 3 hours after the onset of the disease on the 8th day after urgent spontaneous delivery at 38-39 weeks of gestation with a clinic of acute myocardial infarction in the intensive care unit. Based on the data of anamnesis, complaints, physical examination, results of instrumental and laboratory examination, the following clinical diagnosis was made: ischemic heart disease: acute transmural myocardial infarction of the anterior wall, septum and apex of the left ventricle; atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries. On an emergency basis, the patient underwent coronary angiography, pronounced atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries were revealed: acute occlusion of the anterior interventricular artery in the middle third, stenosis of the diagonal branch up to 70% in the orifice, stenosis of the circumflex branch up to 70% in the middle third, extended stenosis up to 79% in the middle third of the right coronary artery.

Results The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) on a symptom-dependent artery: mechanical recanalization and stenting of the anterior descending artery (ada) by a drug-eluting stent.

Conclusion An increase in the incidence of acute coronary syndrome in pregnant women and postpartum women requires the development of an algorithm for additional examination of late reproductive age patients at the stage of pregnancy planning, in case of identification of possible risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases — observation of a cardiologist during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.