bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A China pode afetar a transição energética na América Latina? Uma análise a partir do índice de transição energética do Fórum Econômico Mundial
Authors: Ungaretti Carlos Renato , Nunes Ticiana Gabrielle Amaral , Mendonça Marco Aurélio Alves de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar as contribuições da China para a transição energética na América Latina. Com base no Índice de Transição Energética (Energy Transition Index – ETI) e nas interações entre as dimensões que conformam o “triângulo energético” – equidade, segurança e sustentabilidade –, este trabalho descreve o panorama global da transição energética e as realidades e os dilemas da China e América Latina, principalmente em relação às possibilidades e aos desafios para a construção de sistemas de energia seguros, inclusivos e sustentáveis. Enquanto na China o “trilema” entre segurança, equidade e sustentabilidade se mostra de forma mais nítida, a América Latina se depara com limitações em termos de recursos e condições habilitadoras para a transição. Argumenta-se que a China, líder na produção de equipamentos de energia renovável e principal investidora em tecnologias verdes e transição energética, pode contribuir com a redução das lacunas de investimento, diversificação dos sistemas de energia e desenvolvimento de indústrias verdes na América Latina.
Photometric Analysis of the Cataclysmic Variable Star LT Eri
Authors: Sun Qi-Bin , Qian Sheng-Bang , Zhu Li-Ying , Li Qin-Mei , Li Fu-Xing , Li Min-Yu , Li Ping
Published: January 2025

LT Eri is a long-period eclipsing cataclysmic variable star (CV). This study investigates its outbursts, negative superhumps (NSHs), tilted-disk precession, eclipse-depth variations, and observed minus calculated (O – C) behavior, using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the Zwicky Transient Facility, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and the American Association of Variable Star Observers. Our analysis reveals an outburst period of 14.7(31) days, with variable periods ranging from 11.62(4) to 22.15(13) days. Both long and short outbursts were detected, lasting approximately 18 and 10 days, respectively. Analysis of the TESS photometry shows that the NSH period is updated to 0.16265161(7) days, persists during the outburst, and its amplitude is correlated with the outburst phase. A suspected signal of tilted-disk precession with a period of 3.5781(6) days is also detected. Additionally, the eclipse depth shows a periodic variation of 3.6270(9) days, closely matching the tilted-disk precession period; however, no biperiodic variation is found, as seen in the dwarf nova HS 2325+8205, suggesting that this phenomenon is not universal. An O – C analysis reveals a weak oscillation with a period of 3.5772(6) days. Our superposition of sine curves consistent with the NSH period and amplitude, along with mean eclipse curves, produces periodic O – C variations with a period of 3.6666(2) days. This indicates that the observed periodic variations in O – C, often around the disk precession period in CVs, may result from the beat between the NSHs and the eclipse rather than actual variations in the accretion disk.
Evaluating the Potential to Constrain Dark Matter Annihilation with Fermi-LAT Observations of Ultrafaint Compact Stellar Systems
Authors: Circiello Antonio , McDaniel Alex , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Karwin Christopher , Ajello Marco , Di Mauro Mattia , Sánchez-Conde Miguel Á.
Published: January 2025

Recent results from numerical simulations and models of galaxy formation suggest that recently discovered ultrafaint compact stellar systems (UFCSs) in the halo of the Milky Way (MW) may be some of the smallest and faintest galaxies. If this is the case, these systems would be attractive targets for indirect searches of weakly interacting massive particle dark matter (DM) annihilation due to their relative proximity and high expected DM content. In this study, we analyze 14.3 yr of γ-ray data collected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope coincident with 26 UFCSs. No significant excess γ-ray emission is detected, and we present γ-ray flux upper limits for these systems. Assuming that the UFCSs are DM-dominated galaxies consistent with being among the faintest and least massive MW dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxies, we derive the projected sensitivity for a DM annihilation signal. We find that observations of UFCSs have the potential to yield some of the most powerful constraints on DM annihilation, with sensitivity comparable to observations of known dSphs and the Galactic center. This result emphasizes the importance of precise kinematic studies of UFCSs to empirically determine their DM content.
LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and metabolomics of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells: A potential anticancer activity of atorvastatin
Authors: Nimer Refat M. , Nazazleh Hiba A. , Al-Husein Belal A. , Abdelrazig Salah , Elsalem Lina , Dahabiyeh Lina A.
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent tumor in men, the second most common in women, and the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Statins reduce cholesterol levels by hampering the function of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase enzymes in cholesterol synthesis. Strains have shown anticancer effects against CRC. However, statins’ anticancer mechanism is yet unknown. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based untargeted metabolomics and proteomics were employed to study statins’ effects on CRC using the CRC cell line HCT-116. These approaches were utilized to identify potential underlying metabolic pathways and proteins altered in atorvastatin (a statin)-treated HCT-116 cells. Compared to the control, atorvastatin significantly altered numerous metabolites in HCT-116 cells, including a reduction in the levels of decanoylcarnitine and octanoyl-L-carnitine and in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids like alanine and citrate cycle. Proteomic study showed that atorvastatin-treated HCT-116 cells expressed 127 proteins differently from controls. Novel findings were among them, such as centromere-associated protein E, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1 mitochondrial, and hyaluronan synthase 1. The findings indicate that atorvastatin may have potential anticancer characteristics and highlight the essential role metabolomics and proteomics to understand complex metabolic pathways and proteins relevant to cancer and develop novel treatment targets.
The T-unit as a measure of ‘syntactic maturity’: operationalizing linguistic complexity in early generative grammar
Authors: Thomas Margaret
Published: January 2025

In 1964, American language educator Kellogg W. Hunt (1912–1998) proposed that the average length of what he called the ‘T-unit’ in a text could quantify its syntactic complexity. Hunt defined a T-unit as a main clause plus any modifiers or subordinated material. His research showed that average T-units increased incrementally with age in texts written by students in grades 4, 8, 12, and adult writers. Capitalizing on a mid-century vogue for linguistics, Hunt interpreted this finding in the idiom of 1960s transformational-generative grammar as indicating that writers gradually learn to impose syntactic transformations on simple sentences, resulting in more complex syntactic structures. Teachers, educational researchers, and applied linguists continue to employ the T-unit, long outliving its initial theoretical warrant.
Les langues d’Asie, une complexité cachée
Authors: Vittrant Alice
Published: January 2025

Loin de certaines croyances ayant eu cours dans l’histoire de la
linguistique, il règne actuellement un consensus sur l’égale complexité des
langues indépendamment de leur type morphologique ou de leur affiliation. Dans
un grand nombre de travaux, la complexité d’une langue est évaluée en termes de
nombre et de variété des éléments (morphèmes) constituant l’item langagier. La
complexité grammaticale d’une langue se mesure alors en termes de distinctions
exprimées, généralement de manière obligatoire. Ainsi du point de vue de la
morphologie, on associera complexité avec flexion et caractère obligatoire d’une
expression. Or les langues d’Asie du Sud-est et d’Asie orientale nous racontent
une autre histoire. Elles suggèrent que cette « complexité exprimée » (overt complexity) n’est qu’un type particulier de
complexité, et que le fonctionnement éminemment pragmatique de ces langues
(interprétation basée sur le contexte) cache une complexité d’un autre genre,
une « complexité cachée » (hidden complexity), rarement
décrite qui prend sa source dans la propension des langues d’Asie à dire peu en
laissant deviner beaucoup.
L’institutionnalisation de l’étude du chinois au xixe siècle : au croisement du pouvoir et du savoir
Authors: Zhang-Colin Ying
Published: January 2025

Cette contribution a pour objet l’organisation de l’étude du chinois en France au xixe siècle. Elle s’appuiera sur la création de chaires de chinois dans deux institutions privilégiées : le Collège de France et l’École spéciale des langues orientales. En questionnant les conditions qui les ont rendues possibles et les caractéristiques des recherches linguistiques en leur sein, nous essayerons d’apporter un éclairage sur les rapports complexes entre le savoir, le pouvoir et l’institution. Au travers du terme de « sinologie », autour duquel les recherches sur la Chine et sur la langue chinoise s’organisèrent, nous réfléchirons également à la notion de discipline scientifique et à son historicité.
Le défaut de « forme interne » dans les langues mandingues selon la psychologie des peuples de Steinthal (1867)
Authors: François Jacques
Published: January 2025

En 1848, Steinthal a esquissé une vaste entreprise épistémologique fusionnant la vision de Humboldt sur le génie des langues (Sprachgeist) indissociable de l’esprit des peuples qui les parlent (Volksgeist) et celle de Hegel sur la phénoménologie de l’esprit progressant dialectiquement d’âge en âge. En 1867 il met à jour une étude lauréate du Prix Volney afin d’illustrer concrètement sa théorie de la distinction fondamentale entre les langues dotées vs dénuées d’un format morphologique. Le propos de cet article est de montrer en quoi son argumentation dans cette étude est victime de l’obstacle axiologique (cf. François 2014) qui a jeté une ombre sur les prouesses de la linguistique allemande du xixe siècle : il était inconcevable qu’un peuple primitif parle une langue attestant d’un pouvoir d’abstraction et Steinthal trouvait dans les langues des peuples mandingues les preuves de leur inaptitude à toute pensée abstraite.
Wüster et l’aménagement linguistique
Authors: Humbley John
Published: January 2025

Le rôle de Wüster comme premier théoricien de la terminologie est bien connu mais les relations qu’il a entretenues avec l’aménagement linguistique le sont moins. Sa réflexion était située dans la linguistique appliquée de son époque, car il considérait que la langue, ou du moins la terminologie et la langue de spécialité, étaient un outil qui peut et qui doit être adapté dans le but d’en améliorer l’efficacité. Ce chapitre propose une lecture commentée de ses écrits sur le sujet publiés sur une période de près de 40 ans, qui fait ressortir la cohérence de ses attitudes. Sont mises en exergue ses positions sur la normalisation et le rapprochement international, la synonymie et l’évolution spontanée de la langue, l’acronymie et l’abréviation en général, l’équipement de la langue en particulier sous la forme des dictionnaires et d’autres supports documentaires.
La contribution des Pères blancs de la Société des missionnaires d’Afrique à la connaissance des langues berbères
Authors: Amaoui Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Cette réflexion aborde la contribution des Missionnaires d’Afrique (Pères blancs) à l’outillage des langues berbères. Nous nous sommes intéressé tout particulièrement à la période comprise entre 1946 et 1976, qui correspond à l’activité du Centre d’études berbères, créé par cette congrégation religieuse, et à la publication du Fichier de documentation berbère, un périodique qui lui est associé. Pour traiter ce sujet, une description même sommaire de « l’organisation scientifique » des Pères blancs, de leurs méthodes d’investigation et des rapports qu’ils entretenaient avec le monde académique (les linguistes berbérisants et les institutions universitaires notamment) s’est avérée nécessaire.
Les concours académiques de la deuxième moitié du xviiie siècle : une forme historique de production de savoirs linguistiques
Authors: Haßler Gerda
Published: January 2025

Au xviiie siècle, les académies européennes n’étaient pas seulement des assemblées de philosophes, de gens de lettres et de savants reconnus par leurs pairs qui avaient pour mission de veiller aux règles et aux usages dans leurs disciplines. En ce qui concerne le langage, les académies devaient, bien sûr, s’occuper de la normalisation des langues, mais elles incitaient aussi à la réflexion sur le langage et la littérature et elles contribuaient à fournir des réponses à la discussion linguistique de l’époque. À cet effet, plusieurs académies européennes organisaient des concours dont les sujets étaient les résultats, parfois, d’un long débat à l’intérieur des institutions. Cette époque fut celle de l’apogée des questions de prix des académies.
Qui change les enfants de maternelle ? Genre, classe et rapports professionnels dans la division du travail de soin
Authors: Imbert Arthur
Published: January 2025

Cet article propose d’analyser la variation des pratiques de soins à l’école maternelle. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que la division du travail s’est construite sur un mépris de classe pour les pratiques de soins populaires. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions, à partir de cas, comment se divise le travail de soins aujourd’hui au regard des évolutions du recrutement des ATSEM et des enseignantes et des transformations de l’école maternelle. Nous montrons que, face aux pleurs des élèves, les “mandats” des ATSEM et des enseignantes se distinguent. La distance prônée par les enseignantes leur permet de justifier la délégation du travail émotionnel aux travailleuses subalternes. Enfin, le cas des souillures, lorsque les ATSEM ne sont pas disponibles, met en évidence une variation genrée entre enseignants et enseignantes. Ces cas illustrent tous l’enchâssement des rapports de classe, de genre et professionnels dans cette division du travail.
Enjeux de gouvernance pour l’éducation à l’alimentation de la jeunesse en France
Authors: Verdeau Basile , Darcel Nicolas , Maurice Aurélie
Published: January 2025

Dans l’optique d’encourager des habitudes alimentaires plus durables, l’éducation à l’alimentation de la jeunesse compte parmi les principales politiques envisagées par l’État en France. L’analyse de l’organisation de ce programme de responsabilisation des enfants fait apparaître la question de gouvernance des nombreux acteurs mobilisés pour transmettre des messages éducatifs, à l’échelle nationale comme à l’échelle régionale. Nous montrons que l’État endosse le rôle de garant de la validité des messages transmis aux enfants tout en planifiant une organisation qui privilégie la multiplication des messagers et des enjeux abordés. En région, la coordination des projets locaux se heurte à des blocages institutionnels, témoignant d’une capacité de gouvernance limitée, malgré le recours à des instruments symboliques et financiers. Notre étude de cas sur la restauration scolaire souligne que l’éducation à l’alimentation est, en l’état, une politique prise dans des injonctions contradictoires, et participe à la réflexion sur la manière dont l’État envisage concrètement la transition alimentaire.
Suicide, taedium uitae et droit romain sous le Principat
Authors: Waquet François
Published: January 2025

Le suicide a été diversement considéré chez les Anciens. Pour les Stoïciens, il est la conclusion d’un raisonnement plutôt que le résultat d’une émotion violente. À cet égard, plusieurs études historiques avaient déjà montré les raisons patrimoniales qui présidaient à certains suicides au début de l’Empire romain. Prolongeant cette perspective, mais avec une approche seulement juridique, cet article interroge la catégorie du taedium uitae, « dégoût de la vie », en tant que cause légitime du suicide en droit romain.
“Calma pueblo, que aquí estoy yo”: dimensiones y estrategias (audio)visuales de la performance populista de Calle 13
Authors: Alonso-Arévalo Diego
Published: January 2025

A lo largo de una década de carrera, la banda puertorriqueña Calle 13 se erigió como una de las propuestas musicales más populares y reconocidas del continente, gracias a una combinación única de creatividad, humor y crítica social. Su rápida ascensión a la fama está íntimamente ligada al hábil uso de un discurso y una comunicación visual que posicionó a Calle 13 y en particular a su líder, Residente, como portavoces del pueblo y símbolos de la lucha por la justicia social en América Latina.Basándose en la definición de Moffitt sobre el populismo como un estilo político, este artículo se propone identificar y analizar las principales estrategias utilizadas por la banda en su extensa producción de videoclips, así como en otros elementos de su comunicación visual. El objetivo es comprender la construcción y los límites de la performance populista de Calle 13, así como la manera en que las diversas dimensiones del populismo se entrelazan con la evolución estética y política de la banda.
A decade-long analysis of 98 chronic myeloid leukemia patients: Laboratory data and clinical progress at a single center
Authors: Shakri Nabihah Mohd , Zulkeflee Razan Hayati , Hassan Mohd Nazri , Salleh Sinari , Shuyuti Nur Aini Shakirah Ahmad , Ramli Marini , Husin Azlan , Abdullah Abu Dzarr
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL1 fusion gene). CML primarily progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast phases. While global studies on BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript types and their associations with clinical, laboratory, and prognostic profiles exist, such data is scarce in Malaysia.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to determine the distribution of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript types and evaluate their associations with demographic, clinical, laboratory, prognostic profiles, and disease outcomes among Malaysian CML patients.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 98 patients diagnosed with CML were identified at East Coast Hospital, Malaysia. This 12-year cross-sectional study was carried out using data extracted from patients’ medical records. Molecular results for BCR-ABL1 fusion genes were obtained using one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Out of the 98 patients, 56% had e14a2, 41% had e13a2 fusion transcripts, while the remaining 2 patients had e14a3 transcripts. Additionally, 1 patient co-expressed both e13a2 and e14a2. Among patients with the major BCR-ABL1 transcript type, those with e14a2 fusion transcripts showed an older median age (P = 0.025), while patients with e13a2 fusion transcripts had significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (P = 0.014). Furthermore, there were significantly more patients with blastic transformation in the e13a2 group (P = 0.038). The median latency period of CML was 12 months. The blast cell lineages consisted of myeloid (68.4%), followed by B-lymphoid (26.3%) and mixed phenotypic (5.3%). The differences in fusion transcript expression might influence certain parameters; for instance, older patients were associated with the e14a2 fusion transcript. Meanwhile, patients exhibiting e13a2 might have a higher WBC count at diagnosis and be more vulnerable to blastic transformation of CML.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study highlights the predominance of e14a2 fusion transcripts in Malaysian CML patients and its association with older age. The e13a2 transcript was linked to higher tumor burden and a higher rate of blastic transformation, suggesting potential prognostic significance. These findings underscore the importance of baseline molecular profiling for optimizing disease management.
Comparison between biodentine and light-cured mineral trioxide aggregate as an indirect pulp capping agent – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mangat Panna , Goswami Kartika , Solanki Mandeep , Rajput Neha
Published: January 2025

Background:

Indirect pulp capping (IPC) represents a pivotal therapeutic intervention directed toward preservation of pulp vitality, achieved through the placement of a biocompatible, bioactive material over the affected dentin to protect the pulp from further insult and encourage healing.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographical success rates of Biodentin versus light-cured mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) when used as an IPC agents. Evaluation was done on the basis of prognosis of the treatment after a period of 1 year.

Methodology:

This randomized controlled clinical trial was based on a cohort of 20 individuals with deep carious lesions being subsequently divided into two experimental groups of ten cases each. Group I - Biodentin and Group II - Light cured-MTA as pulp capping agents, respectively. Clinical and radiographical assessment was done at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6 months, and 1 year.

Results:

Statistical analysis with the Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. The overall success rate of 1-year follow-up for both Biodentine group and Light-cured MTA group was 93.33%.

Conclusion:

The results of this randomized controlled clinical trial support promising success of IPC independent of the pulp capping material used as the findings underscore a significant decrease in postoperative pain levels compared to preoperative states across all cases. However, more studies with long-term follow-ups are required.
In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of endodontic irrigants combined with cationic peptide
Authors: Kumar M. Praveen , Kini Shravan , Prathap M. S. , Kudva Aravind R. , Sidheeque Aboobacker , Prabhu Ashwini
Published: January 2025

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of endodontic irrigants 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined with cationic peptide DJK-5 on L929 mouse subcutaneous fibroblast cells.

Subjects and Methods:

L929 cells were cultured and treated with 2% CHX, 2% CHX + DJK-5, 8.5% EDTA, 8.5% EDTA + DJK-5, and DJK-5 alone (DJK-5 peptide concentration–10 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The cytotoxicity of the endodontic irrigants was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Live/Dead assay using acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual fluorescence staining.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data within each group at two different time points. Parametric tests were used for the comparison. Paired sample t-test was used for the comparison of the cytotoxicity of irrigants over time. One-way ANOVA was employed for the comparison of the cytotoxicity of irrigants. Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparison between groups. SPSS software version 27 was used for the data analyses.

Results:

CHX exhibited slight cytotoxicity at 24 h and higher cytotoxicity at 48 h (P < 0.05). EDTA showed better cell viability than CHX at both time points. In combination groups, the EDTA + DJK-5 group showed lower cytotoxicity at both time points (P > 0.05). The combination of CHX with DJK-5 reduced the cytotoxicity of CHX (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The cytotoxicity of endodontic irrigants was found to be time dependent. CHX was found to be highly cytotoxic at 2% concentration. DJK-5 was found to have the least cytotoxicity, and it significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of CHX and EDTA.
Evaluation of three different drugs administered through intraligamentary route for reduction of intraoperative pain of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars – A randomized triple-blind single-center clinical study
Authors: Shroff Manan , Kishan Karkala Venkappa , Shah Nimisha , Volety Shreya , Kaur Supreet , Kotecha Niral
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Managing intraoperative pain while initiating root canal treatment necessitates the use of supplementary injection techniques.

Aim:

The study sought to assess and compare the anesthetic efficacy of 0.5% bupivacaine and 50 mg/ml tramadol hydrochloride versus 2% lignocaine administered as supplemental intraligamentary injection as an adjuvant to an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and normal apical tissues during access cavity preparation.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred and two individuals with mandibular molars diagnosed with SIP with normal apical tissues and exhibiting moderate-to-intense pain were given 2 ml of IANB containing 2% lignocaine and 1:80,000 epinephrine. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to record intraoperative discomfort. Individuals who scored more than 5 on the VAS were deemed to need further anesthesia. The intraligamentary medication was given to 99 of these patients after they were randomly assigned to 3 groups (2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 50 mg/ml tramadol). VAS score was again recorded. If the patient reported no pain during the opening of the access, it was deemed a success. The post hoc Tukey’s test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were the statistical methods used to examine the data.

Results:

Maximum reduction in pain was in bupivacaine followed by lignocaine and tramadol (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis using post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test showed a maximum difference between bupivacaine and tramadol (1.273, P > 0.05) (95% confidence interval [CI]), followed by lignocaine and bupivacaine (−1.182, P < 0.05) (95% CI) and lignocaine and tramadol (0.091, P > 0.05) (95% CI).

Conclusion:

Bupivacaine was most effective in reduction of intraoperative pain when used as an intraligamentary drug during access cavity preparation followed by lignocaine. Tramadol was the least successful drug for achieving effective pulpal anesthesia.
To compare and evaluate microcracks and smear layer after root end preparation by laser, ultrasonic tip, and conventional bur in single-rooted teeth: “Scanning electron microscope study”
Authors: Bhanja Jyotirmoyee , Agrawal Shyam , Mathur Rachit , Sharma Deepak , Gazal Shaista , Awadesh Anuja Ray
Published: January 2025

Aim:

Evaluation of root-end cavities for the existence of microcracks and smear layer with laser, ultrasonic tip by conventional bur, and control group in single-rooted tooth by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Methodology:

Fifty-two extracted fully developed single-rooted teeth were decoronated, cleaned, shaped, and obturated with F2 GP, and 3 mm roots were removed. Laser, ultrasonic tip (AS 3Dretro-tip on Newtron-SATELEC, Acteon), and conventional bur (size 010 round) were used to create root-end preparation. No root-end cavities were produced in the control group. SEM was used to check all samples for microcracks and smear layers.

Results:

A significant difference was found between microcrack formation in laser and conventional bur preparation (P = 0.002), and ultrasonic and laser (P = 0.015). Nonsignificant difference was found between ultrasonic and conventional bur (P = 0.046). The study concluded that maximum cracks were seen in conventional bur formation at the apical end of the root (0.85 ± 0.36) followed by the ultrasonic method (0.54 ± 0.23).

Conclusion:

Root-end cavities prepared with laser give fewer microcracks and less production of smear layer compared to the ultrasonic tip and conventional bur.
Knowledge and attitude towards ankle sprain management among primary care physicians in the department of family medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah A. , AlQarni Norah A. , Alghamdi Fahad S. , Alghamdi Tariq A.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Family doctors are the primary care providers for ankle sprains, which are a prevalent condition that they treat with great care. Family physicians’ differing management styles and levels of knowledge about established recommendations may have a substantial influence on patient outcomes.

Aims:

The current study aimed to assess the level of awareness among family physicians regarding established guidelines for ankle sprain management.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting all available and accessible primary care physicians within the Department of Family Medicine at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the period from 2023 to May 2024. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that was initiated by the study researchers after comprehensive review of similar articles in the literature.

Results:

A total of 88 primary care physicians were included. Physicians’ ages ranged from 25 to 60 years with a mean age of 33.4 ± 7.4 years old. A total of 47 (53.4%) were males, 29 (33%) were residents, 28 (31.8%) were consultants, 16 (18.2%) were senior Registrar, and 9 (10.2%) were GPs. A total of 41 (46.6%) of the study physicians had an overall good knowledge level about ankle sprain while most of them (53.4%) had poor knowledge level. A total of 55 (62.5%) of the study physicians utilize the Ottawa Ankle Rules to guide the need for X-ray imaging in ankle sprains, and 52 (59.1%) routinely provide information on preventive measures to patients diagnosed with an ankle sprain.

Conclusion:

The study found that primary care physicians have average knowledge about ankle sprains, diagnosis, classification, and treatment, with lower knowledge of follow-up plans. They need training and educational programs.
Electrodiagnostic assessment of autonomic nervous system in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: Case series in 72 diabetes patients
Authors: Dube Suchitra , Hulke Sandip M. , Wakode Santosh L. , Khadanga Sagar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes which is asymptomatic in early stage. Hence HRV and AFT are performed to detect and prevent its progression to advanced stages. To discuss the HRV and AFT findings in diabetic patients. An observational study was conducted in Physiology department of AIIMS, Bhopal in collaboration with the Medicine department of the institute. Seventy-two diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients were examined using POWER LAB AND LAB CHART 8 BY AD INSTRUMENT: For recording heart rate variability (HRV) and Ewing’s battery of tests: For Autonomic function testing. Microsoft Excel was utilized for data compilation and for result analysis. In the present study, based on HRV parameters sympathetic involvement was seen in 39% while parasympathetic involvement was seen in 15% of patients. Balanced state was observed in 46% of the patients. Based on AFT battery, normal early involvement was observed in 62% of the patients while definite and severe involvement was observed in 14 and 24%, respectively. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was observed in 72% of the patients based on HRV and AFT testing. In severe involvement, orthostatic hypotension was seen. Severe involvement was observed in 24% of the patients in present study. Involvement of the vagal parasympathetic component of ANS was obvious evidenced by increase in resting heart rate, decrease in Valsalva ratio, E/I index, and standing ratio. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was observed in majority of patients with normal early involvement seen predominantly and though majority of them were in balanced state, sympathetic involvement was also seen at large. HRV studies depicted a decrease of total power, decreased low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) with LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratios depicting sympathetic involvement.
Health-related quality of life following bisphosphonate therapy in individuals with Paget’s disease of bone – A study from a teaching hospital in Southern India
Authors: Ninan Fibi K. , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Rajan Remya , Jebasingh Felix , Kapoor Nitin , Asha Hesarghatta S. , Thomas Nihal , Paul Thomas V.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is associated with considerable morbidity because of bony pains, fractures, and deformities. Remission, as assessed by reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels, does not necessarily correlate with improvement in quality of life (QoL). Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in affected individuals is not well-studied in India. This study attempts to describe the QoL in individuals with PDB.

Methods:

In this prospective observational study spanning 6 years (Jan 2017–Dec 2022), we included 29 treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with PDB based on clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features. All patients received treatment with antiresorptive agents. SF-36 questionnaire was administered before treatment and at review.

Results:

A total of 29 patients with PDB (20 males), with a mean (SD) age of 68.1 (9.8) years, were included. Symptomatic disease was seen in 23/29 (79.3%) and polyostotic disease in 25/29 (86%) subjects. The median duration of symptoms was 6 months (0–24 months). The most frequently involved skeletal sites were the pelvis (69%), vertebrae and sacrum (68%), followed by the skull (48%) and lower limb (48%). The subjects were treated with parenteral zoledronate (65.5%), oral alendronate (24.1%), and denosumab (6.9%). There was a significant improvement in all eight domains of QoL (P = 0.0001) as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire. The maximum improvement (27.2%) was observed in the physical functioning domain (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

This study assessed various domains in QoL by using the SF-36 questionnaire at baseline and post-treatment with antiresorptive agents, and it was noted that there was a significant improvement in all domains of QoL.
Magnitude and pattern of usage of contraception and counselling services in an urban health centre in East Delhi: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Singh Garima , Kansal Subham , Jain Arihant , Garg Kanishka , Tayal Manan , Tejaswi Boyana T. , Acharya Anita S. , Laskar Ananya R. , Khandekar Jyoti
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Family planning is a critical aspect of reproductive health, influencing individuals and couples; decisions regarding contraception. This study explores the pattern of usage of contraceptives viz. condom, injectables, centchroman tablets, oral contraceptive pills and sterilization, including tubectomy and vasectomy. Understanding these associations is vital for improving the role of counselling in family planning services.

Objective:

To assess the magnitude and pattern of contraception usage in an urban health centre in East Delhi.

Methodology:

Data were collected and analysed from the family planning counselling register from November 2022 till October 2023 among the couples coming to the family planning clinic of UHTC located in East Delhi. Information about demographic details, live issues, contraceptive being used, contraceptive recommended, client choice and outcome (whether they accepted the recommended contraceptive or not). Responses of beneficiaries were analysed to determine the magnitude and pattern of contraceptive usage.

Results:

Among 764 couples, the mean age of females and males was 30.36 years (±5.6) and 34.32 years (±6.2), respectively. Among all participants, 38.32% of couples had two children. The usage of condoms was reported by 40.6% of the participants. Out of the total participants, 58.6% received counselling for permanent methods. The unmet need was identified in 25.2% of the participants.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the importance of counselling in shaping family planning decisions. Insights gained in this study can help healthcare providers tailor counselling approaches to better address the diverse needs of individuals and couples.
Investigating Gram-negative bacilli isolates’ sensitivity to ceftazidime/avibactam
Authors: Sunali  , Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Maneesh , Ranjan Nishant
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative organisms are becoming increasingly common. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a major threat and necessitate the development of new antibiotics. MDR and carbapenem resistant infections, which are common in intensive care units and hospitals, lead to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. New antimicrobials such as ceftazidime avibactam offer potential alternatives to conventional treatments such as tigecycline and colistin, which have significant side effects and limitations.

Aim:

This study focuses on the antibiotic susceptibility of ceftazidime/ avibactam to Gram negative bacilli found in a large number of clinical samples collected from a tertiary care facility in Netaji Subhas Medical University and Hospital, Bihta, India.

Methodology:

The study included 81 Gram negative bacteria isolated from patient samples. Based on the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines mentioned in the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.

Result and Conclusion:

the results showed that ceftazidime avibactam inhibited 89.9% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, which was higher than the 80.3% of amikacin and the 85.1% of meropenem. Ceftazidime avibactam was effective against CRE isolates in 69.9% of cases and against MDR isolates in urine in 94% of cases, which was higher than the 40% of ceftriaxone and 94% of nitrofurantoin. The results show that ceftazidime avibactam can cure MDR and CRE infections, especially urinary tract infections, better than conventional antibiotics, which is a great help in the fight against increasing antibiotic resistance.
Suicidal ideation and its associated risk factors among students of a medical college in Chennai—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Koushik M , Veeramani Prarthana , Vaishali L Pooja Mary , Charumathi B , Jain Timsi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Suicidal ideation is the thought or plan to suicide. It is an important public health issue. A severe cause of mortality worldwide is suicide. Previous studies have analyzed suicidal ideation in patients who have already attempted self-harm. In this study, we aim to find out the prevalence of suicidal ideation and knowledge of danger signs of suicide in a nonclinical population, especially among students of a medical college.

Methodology:

An institutional-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to October 2021 in a private medical college in Chennai. Data were collected from the medical students of the private medical college using Beck’s suicidal ideation scale, (DASS-21), and a semistructured questionnaire. Students aged above 18 years and willing to participate in this study were included. The sample size was calculated as 304 by taking reference value from a previous study by Ahmed et al. in Egypt. The total number of students studying in the college was 700, out of which 310 responses were obtained. Convenient sampling was done. Google forms were circulated to the students and data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated. An association between the study variables and suicidal ideation was found by using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 were found to be statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of suicidal ideation among the study population was found to be 9%. Factors like the presence of depression, anxiety, stress, dissatisfied lifestyle, history of smoking, drugs, and alcohol consumption were found to be contributing to suicidal ideation. About 37.7% of the study population felt that they knew about the danger signs of suicide.

Conclusion:

Promotion of mental health and screening for mental health disorders need to be done regularly. Identified risk factors for suicidal ideation should be addressed and mitigated.
The use of a smartphone app for self-monitoring by patients with bipolar disorder being treated in a primary care setting
Authors: Elsayed Omar H. , Cecil John , Priesmeyer Richard , Siegel Gregg , Siegel Phyllis , El-Mallakh Rif S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Self-monitoring and self-management are growing phenomena in the care of chronic illnesses, like bipolar disorder. A significant fraction of patients with bipolar disorder are cared for by primary care providers. The use of smart technology may be effective in this setting.

Method:

KIOS-Bipolar, a smartphone app that proved superior in a randomized, controlled trial, was beta-tested for two-month periods in 12 patients with bipolar disorder who were under the care of a primary care clinic.

Results:

Adherence to the app was 100%. Patients experienced improvements in depressive (−41%) and manic (−46%) symptoms and overall instability (−39%). Patients felt that the system was user-friendly with an average system usability score of 80.8 (range 48–100). Five participants (41.8%) gave a system usability score ≥ 90.

Discussion:

This open trial suggests that utilization of a self-management tool may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder in the primary care setting.
The internet gaming disorder and its associated factors among college students at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid , Alhomoud Tariq Y. , Alateeq Ismail S. , Al-Mohaisen Faisal N. , Alshamrani Musab S. , Alhathlul Saleh I. , Khamsah Mohammed Abdulaziz
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) or video gaming has been considered by World Health Organization (WHO) and American Psychiatric Association (APA) as a disease. WHO defines IGD as a disease with a pattern of uncontrollable gaming behavior, characterized by increasing priority given to gaming over other activities to the point that gaming takes precedence over most interests and activities of daily living.

Objectives:

This research aims to estimate the prevalence and examine the association of IGD scores with gender, age, sleeping hours, academic performance, and occurrence of arguing with others post-gaming among college students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2022 at (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1005 college students filled out an online self-administered questionnaire developed based on an extensive literature review and pilot study.

Results:

More than two-thirds (76.1%) of students are active gamers. The majority (65.8%) reported no effects of gaming on daily activities. yet, one-third considered games as the most daily time-consuming activity. The majority are playing games to relieve stress. Interestingly, male and senior students had the highest IGD scores (P = 0.017, P = 0.072, respectively). Unfortunately, there were associations between high IGD scores and having fewer sleeping hours as well as low academic performance (P = 0.046, P = 0.047, respectively). Negative social effects include arguing after gaming was significantly linked with higher IGD scores (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

IGD was prevalent among college students. There was no impact of games on students’ daily activities; however, gaming was the most time-consuming part of daily activity for the remaining students. Most college students were playing games to feel better. Higher IGD score was associated with male, senior students, less sleeping hours, poor academic performance, and post-gaming arguments with others.
Comparative study of autonomic function in diabetics and yoga practitioners using Ewing’s battery
Authors: Amadawala Tasneem , Rukadikar Charushila , Deshpande Dileep
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and autonomic neuropathy. Yoga has been shown to improve autonomic function and glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Objective:

To compare the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function between diabetic patients and regular yoga practitioners using Ewing’s battery tests.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 270 participants, divided into two groups: 135 diabetics (Group I) and 135 yoga practitioners (Group II). Participants’ height, weight, and BMI were measured. ANS function was assessed using Ewing’s battery tests, which included heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses to various stimuli. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

Diabetic participants showed lower HR responses to standing from a supine posture, the Valsalva maneuver, and slow deep breathing, indicating impaired parasympathetic function. They also exhibited higher BP responses to the cold pressor test, sustained handgrip, and standing, reflecting sympathetic overactivity. In contrast, yoga practitioners demonstrated better autonomic function with higher HR responses and lower BP responses in these tests. The findings suggest that yoga promotes parasympathetic dominance and reduces sympathetic overactivity.

Conclusion:

Regular yoga practice significantly improves autonomic function in individuals, including those with diabetes. These results support the incorporation of yoga as a complementary therapy in diabetes management to enhance cardiovascular health and reduce autonomic dysfunction.
Clinico-spirometrical correlation of newly detected COPD patients with known tobacco smoking exposure or biomass smoke exposure presenting to a teaching institution in Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Patel Bhavesh , Mothiganesh G , Shah Arti D. , Chakravarti Chirag H. , Naik Parshwa , Patel Princee
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, coughing, sputum production) associated with abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveoli (emphysema) that result in persistent, frequently progressive airflow obstruction are the hallmarks of COPD, a diverse lung illness. The current investigation aimed to establish a clinical profile of patients with recently diagnosed COPD who present to a healthcare facility in Vadodara.

Materials and Methods:

The Department of Respiratory Medicine conducted an observational cross-section study on individuals with recently discovered COPD. The study comprised records of 50 participants, from September 2022 to January 2024. Along with the spirometry results, pertinent clinical data were gathered.

Results:

The study’s patient population presented with an average age of 61.52 years. The fact that every patient in the research was over 40 years old suggests that COPD is becoming more common in people over 40. There was a male majority among the 50 patients, with 40 (80%) male and 10 (20%) female. Most common age group was smokers accounted for 80% of the total cases, suggesting that their incidence of COPD is greater. Average FEV1 at presentation was 41 L/min for 50 patients. Among 50 patients, 6% falls under mild, 28% under moderate, 42% under severe, and 24% under very severe according to GOLD grading and severity of airflow obstruction.

Conclusion:

Despite the fact that tobacco smoke is thought to be the main cause of COPD. Indoor and outdoor air pollution are major issues in many nations, including India. One of the main risk factors for COPD is smoke from activities such as burning wood or biomass fuels in addition to work exposure. The ageing of the global population and ongoing exposure to COPD risk factors are expected to contribute to a rise in the prevalence and burden of COPD in the ensuing decades. The fact that most newly diagnosed patients in this research were older and more symptomatic and that most identified individuals had moderate to severe COPD, indicates the importance of spirometry programs in primary care for the early detection of COPD. Our findings suggest that a new campaign requiring patients to undergo spirometry and routine follow-up may be able to identify a sizable proportion of patients with undiagnosed COPD and perhaps improve their quality of life.