bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foundation of the Standard Curve Database for Quantitative Analysis by Internal Standard Method Based on XRD
Authors: Wu Jian Peng , Yao Chun Yan , Cao Li Yun , Huang Jian Feng , He Hai Yan , Zhu Hui
Published: December 2010

In order to make quantitative analysis by internal standard method, 24 standard curves of inorganic compounds including quartz, corundum, TiO2, BaTiO3, etc. were obtained and the corresponding quantitative analyses were accomplished based on the quantitative analysis software attached in Rigaku D/Max-2200 X-Ray diffractometer. Results show that the coefficient of association R of the as-prepared curves are at the range of 0.928－0.980. By validating the samples with due content, it reveals that the analytical results are consistent with the actual values well, which indicate that the prepared standard curves are suitable for high-precision XRD phase quantitative analysis. Uniformity of samples is an important factor in the quantitative analysis by internal standard method.
Methods for Determining the Interface Strength and Residual Stress of Laminated Ceramics
Authors: Qiu Yan , Bao Yi Wang , Liu Yi Hong , Wang Xiu Fang , Tian Li
Published: December 2010

Glass/ zirconia laminated material is the most commonly used material in the field of dental restoration, although the biocompatibility of such material has been subject to lots of research and the mechanical compatibility and durability have not been deeply researched. This paper, by the research on the contact stress of static and dynamic surfaces of the ceramic material, reveals the physical meaning of damage and fatigue at the interface of material; through contacting with the sphere indentation test and by the investigation of fatigue and damage of the surface and interface of such material in the corresponding time scale as well as by the use of acoustic emission monitoring for detecting the damage process and crack propagation process within the detection layer and the laminated ceramic surface, the time of occurrence and corresponding load can be obtained, which plays an importantly practical role in resolving the forecasting of the changes in material damage and the analysis of fatigue.
Microstructure Transformation and Mechanical Properties of the Large-Bulk Solidified Al2O3-ZrO2 (Y2O3) Micro-Nanocrystalline Composites Prepared by Combustion Synthesis under High Gravity
Authors: Zhao Zhong Min , Zhang Long , Song Yi Gang , Li San Qun , Wang Wei Guo
Published: December 2010

Based on preparing the large-bulk solidified Al2O3-ZrO2 (Y2O3) ceramic composites by combustion synthesis under high gravity, the solidification behavior and microstructure transformation of the ceramics as well as their effects on the ceramic properties were investigated. XRD, SEM and EDS analyses showed the ceramic microstructures were composed of the irregular eutectics at the surface and the tetragonal ZrO2 micrometer spherical crystals in the center of the ceramics respectively. By combining with irreversible nucleation theory, it is considered that the formation of irregular eutectics with micro-nanocrystalline microstructures is a result of the leading nucleation of Al2O3 high-fusion-entropy phases followed by the coupled growth of Al2O3-ZrO2 phases, whereas the presence of the tetragonal ZrO2 spherical microstructures in the center of the ceramics results from the leading nucleation of ZrO2 cubic phases followed by the independent growth of Al2O3-ZrO2 phases. As a result, it is just the unique microstructure transformation during the solidification process that the highest hardness at the surface and the highest fracture toughness in the center of the ceramics are achieved respectively.
Effects of Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Dental Pigmented 3Y-TZP Ceramics
Authors: Yi Yuan Fu , Wen Ning , Bin Den , Shao Long Quan , Wang Chen , Tian Jie Mo
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure, mechanical and low temperature aging properties of colored dental zirconia ceramics. Colored 3Y-TZP zirconia dental zirconia ceramics were made by mixing colorants and their combinations into a 3Y-TZP powder, the green body were compacted at 200MPa, presinter at 1050°C and densely sintered at 1500°C for 2h. Specimens were subjected to an accelerated aging test carried out in an autoclave in steam at 134°C, 2bar, for 4hs. XRD was used to identify the crystal phases, three-point bending strength were tested before and after aging according to the ISO 6872 standard, polished and aging specimens were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to evaluate surface microstructure. Tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was detected for both uncolored and colored specimens, the relative content of monoclinic phase was increased with the prolonged aging time. Aging had no significant negative effects on flexural strength on colored 3Y-TZP. The nucleation and growth of monoclinic phase were detected by AFM in surface of both colored and uncolored zirconia.
Microhardness of Various Bullet-Proof Ceramics
Authors: Ma Tian , Yan Zi Li , Gao Jian Min , Zhou Zhong Lei , Zhang Jian Chun
Published: December 2010

Micro-hardness is one of the most important mechanical properties for bullet-proof ceramics. The micro-hardness of typical and commercial available bullet-proof ceramics alumina, silicon carbide and boron carbide were studied in this paper. The result indicated that the high ballistic performance (protection coefficient) was mostly attributed to the high micro-hardness of the ceramics. The ballistic protection mechanics of the ceramics was analyzed based on the ceramics’ hardness, structures and protection coefficients.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Inorganic Materials by XRF
Authors: Song Jing , Cheng Tao
Published: December 2010

For the adoption of the EU directive “Restriction on use of certain Hazardous Substances” (RoHS) using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis suitable materials are required. This paper aims at the determination of heavy metals in inorganic materials by XRF, and briefly introduces the theory, test method, characteristics. The application of quantitative analysis of XRF is discussed in detail.
Electrical Properties and UV-Visual Spectra of (Na0.535K0.48) NbO3 Ceramics Doped with Bi2O3 and Fe2O3
Authors: Liu Yong Qin , Gong Zhao Quan , Ma Li , Xu Dong Fang , Sun Da Zhi
Published: December 2010

(Na0.535K0.48) NbO3 ceramics doped with Bi2O3•Fe2O3 are prepared by a ceramic process. The effect of Bi3+ and Fe3+ on microstructure and electrical properties of ceramics is investigated. X-ray diffraction shows that the structure of the material is perovskite. The conductivity of ceramics increases with the doping content. UV-Visual absorption spectrum is affected by doping Bi3+ and Fe3+. The mechanism of conductivity is discussed with respect to energy of band-gap in the system.
Electrical Characteristics and Microstructures of Eu2O3-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Mei X.A. , Chen Min , Su K.L. , Cai A.H. , Liu J. , An Wei Ke , Zhou Yong , Jia M.
Published: December 2010

Eu2O3-doped bismuth titanate (Bi1-xEuxTi3O12: BET) thin films with random oriention were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique, and the structures and ferroelectric properties of the films were investigated. XRD studies indicated that all of BET films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains. For samples with x=0.0 , 0.25, 1.0 and 1.25, I-E characteristics exhibited negative differential resistance behaviors and their ferroelectric hysteresis loops were characterized by large leakage current, whereas for samples with x=0.5 and 0.75, I-E characteristics were simple ohmic behaviors and their ferroelectric hysteresis loops were the saturated and undistorted hysteresis loops. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the BET Film with x=0.75 were above 30μC/cm2 and 85KV/cm , respectively.
Defects of GaAs Crystals Grown by the Pulling-Down Method
Authors: Jin Min , Xu Jia Yue , He Qing Bo , Fang Yong Zheng , Shen Hui , Jiang Guo Jian , Wang Zhan Yong
Published: December 2010

Compound semiconductor GaAs crystal was grown by the pulling-down method and the Φ2" GaAs boules were obtained. The growth defects, such as growth stripes, small facets, pits and dislocations, were observed. The pits on the surface of the boule was attributed to the water content of B2O3 encapsulant and the growth defects on the tail were associated with the evaporation of As due to GaAs decomposition. The average EPD (etch pit density) was measured less than 5000 cm-2, which shows the pulling-down method was a potential technique to grow high quality GaAs crystals.
Sintering Behavior of Ceramic Green Body by Thermal Analysis Techniques
Authors: Zhou Hai Qiu , Xiao Han Ning , Hu Xue Yan
Published: December 2010

A series of physical and chemical changes, including the shrinkage and the phase transformation, will continuously take place during the sintering process of ceramic green body, which is important for designing a scientific and economic sintering schedule. The sintering behavior of two electrical porcelains and a structural tile were investigated using thermal analysis techniques. The dehydration, phase changes and densification of ceramic green body during sintering process were characterized by DSC-TG and thermal expansion curves. The sintering temperature range of ceramic green body was measured by thermal dilatometer with different heating rates. The sintering temperature Ts is linear to the logarithm of heating rate V. The results were compared with that measured by conventional refractoriness tester. The Ts is much more accurate to evaluate the sintering behavior of ceramic green body from the thermal analysis technique than that from the traditional method. The projected sintering schedule is very concordant to the experimental sintering results.
Thermal Dehydration Kinetic Mechanism of Aluminum Sulfate Hydrates
Authors: Bai Guang Hui , Xu Peng , Li Peng Cheng , Wang Tong Song
Published: December 2010

Thermal dehydration kinetics of aluminum sulfate hydrates was studied with TG/DTA under static open air environment. It was found that the thermal dehydration of the aluminum sulfate hydrates was a two-stage process. The first stage happened in the temperature range from 90 to 300°C with 13 water loss. The second stage happened in the temperature range from 300 to 380 °C with 2 water loss. Activation energy and former factor of each staged were obtained by regression the TG/DTA data with 19 differential and integral functions based on non-isothermal Achar method as well as Coats-Redfern method. The result indicated that the mechanism for the first stage dehydration was the proliferation of three-dimensional, spherical symmetry, 3D, D3, slow-α-t curve, n = 2, reaction is reaction 2. The mechanism of the second stage dehydration was random nucleation and subsequent growth, A3, S-shaped α-t curve, n=1/3, m = 3, reaction is reaction 1/3. Identified that the most likely mechanism of Al2(SO4)3•15H2O dehydration is 2 and 1/3 reactions two process.
Preparation of Rare-Earth Permanent Magnetic Strontium Ferrite by Microwave Sintering Process
Authors: Jiang Han Han , Jin Ming Lin , Wang Zhan Yong , Chen Qi Zhong , Qian Hui Chun
Published: December 2010

In this paper, the green body was prepared by pre-roasted material of strontium ferrite, adding 0.2 to 9% the rare earth additive, by wet milling and forming into pellets Φ30×10 mm under magnetic field. Then, the green body was sintered separately by microwave sintering (MS) method and conventional sintering (CS) technique. The results showed that: the strontium ferrite samples with the same magnetic properties Br and (BH) max were 420 ± 10mT and 33.0 ± 2 kJ/m 3) were synthesized by microwave sintering (MS) method against conventional sintering method, the sintering temperature and time were reduced 150~300°C and 5~6h. Therefore, microwave sintering method will significantly decrease energy consumption. Further analysis revealed that the major improvements in microwave sintering were the material microstructure, the grain size was significantly reduced, the magnetic domain short-range order was increased so that the degree of orientation was increased, and although the fusion was existed between grains, the grain boundaries did not disappear.
Luminescence Properties of Eu2+ Doped Ca-α-SiAlON Phosphor
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Cheng , Feng Tao , Xu Hai Feng , Li Qiang
Published: December 2010

Eu2+ Doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphor have been synthesized from SiO2, Al2O3, CaCO3, Eu(NO3)3,carbon powders by carbothermal reduction–nitridation (CRN). Using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and fluorescent spectrophotometer, the influences of the phase content of the sintered samples after different soaking time at 1390°C and their luminescence properties were studied. The pure Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ were prepared at processing temperatures of 1390°C in a holding time of 8 h. Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ had high adsorption in the UV–visible spectral region. Two bands were observed in the emission spectrum centered at about 459 and 545 nm exited at 290nm. And two excitation bands located at about 297nm, 300-400nm were observed in the excitation spectrum with monitored at emission wavelength of 469nm or 550nm respectively. The morphology of the samples was examined via SEM, TEM. Ca/Eu co-doped α-SiAlON powders had hollow sphere morphology and it is composed of large numbers of very fine particles of around 30 to 70 nm in diameter. Elemental distribution was investigated using an EDS attached to a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sintered sample has a composition commonly seen for α-SiAlON.
Influence of Background Material on 3 Veneered All-Ceramic Core Materials
Authors: Lu Rong Jian , Ma Ting Ting , Yi Yuan Fu , Shao Long Quan , Tian Jie Mo , Hou Kang Lin , Wen Ning , Deng Bin
Published: December 2010

To study the influence of background color on 3 veneered all-ceramic core materials, the color of all veneered samples that were put on noble metal, Ni-Cr alloy, Ag-Hg alloy and resin background was measured with chromatism instrument (and the chromatic aberration value among groups was Calculated). Under different backgrounds, there was significant difference in the L, a and b values among Empress II samples, there was significant difference in a and b values among In-Ceram Alumina samples, and there was no difference in the L, a and b values among In-Ceram Zirconium samples. After veneered, the influence of background color on Empress II was clear, on In-Ceram Alumina was less clear, and on In-Ceram Zirconium was void.
Relative Translucency Test of 3 All-Ceramics System Core Material
Authors: Deng Bin , Yi Yuan Fu , Shao Long Quan , Tian Jie Mo , Hou Kang Lin , Ma Ting Ting , Lu Rong Jian , Wen Ning
Published: December 2010

Objective: To study the relative translucency of 3 all-ceramics system core material, including Vita In-Ceram Alumina, Vita In-Ceram Zirconium and Ivoclar Vivodent Empress II. Methods: The visible light transmittance of all samples was determined with spectrophotometer. Results: The relative translucency of dentin and opaque dentin was between 0.5958 and 0.8336, that of 3 core ceramic ranged from 0.8089 of Emp ress II to 1.00 of In-Ceram Zirconium. Conclusion: The relative translucency of 3 core material was significantly different. There was a decreasing range as Empress II > In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia.
Relative Solubility of MgO in MgO(7.8mol%)-ZrO2 Powders Prepared by Coprecipitation
Authors: Xia Jin Feng , Liu Zhan Lian , Li Qiang , Jiang Dan Yu
Published: December 2010

It is important to accurately determine the MgO content in MgO-ZrO2 powders. The measurement method for MgO content in MgO-ZrO2 powders was studied. Afterwards, the prepared powders were characterized by XRD and SEM technologies. The results show that the MgO-ZrO2 powders obtain different solid-solubility, crystal structure and particle size at different magnesia molar concentrations and different calcinations temperature.
Oxidation Properties of Nd-α-Sialon Ceramics
Authors: Ye Feng , Liu Chun Feng , Zhou Yu , Zhou Jian Min
Published: December 2010

Nd--sialons with the stoichiometric composition and extra 2wt.% addition of Nd2O3 in Nd0.333Si10Al-2ON15 were synthesized by hot-press sintering. The longtime oxidation resistance of the two ceramics at high temperature was investigated. The oxidation process is very similar, i.e. the weight gain increases linearly at primary stage, and then tends to be constant with prolonging the oxidation time. The oxidation kinetic obeys the parabolic rate law. Inward diffusion of oxygen into ceramics and outward diffusion of metal cations is the main oxidation mechanism. Due to the variation of the content of the added rare earth oxide, the oxidation performance of the two Nd--sialon ceramics are also different.
The Exploring Research of the Determination Method of Magnesium Oxide Hydration
Authors: Zhang Zhan Peng , Zhang Cheng , Huang De Xing , Jiang Dan Yu , Zhang Rong Juan , Yun Zhi
Published: December 2010

Magnesium oxide is one of the most important raw materials in the refractory industry due to its high melting point (2800oC), corrosion resistance in the basic environment, and low cost. Nevertheless, magnesium oxide reacts easily with water to produce magnesium hydrate, which is followed by a large volumetric expansion, limiting its application in refractory industry. As the hydration of MgO is very important either in theory or in industrial production of magnesium, in this paper, the influence of temperature, residence time, as well as the impact of the solid content on MgO hydration and the kinetics of hydration reaction was evaluated to optimize the determination method of magnesium oxide hydration in refractory industry.
Application Progress and Vision of Biocereamics Utilized in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Liu Yi
Published: December 2010

From human bones to animal bones, from stainless steel to plastic, researchers have tried numerous types of materials to apply in the bone replacement for human-beings. But deal to their limitation on fatigue, stability, mechanical strength and many other properties, almost all those past materials were superseded by bioceramics today, which perform not only those advantages possessed by the old materials, but also hydrophilic, biocompatibility, thus ensured them a promising future in the region of bone tissue engineering. This mainly talk about and give examples of some application progresses of bioceramics in the region of bone tissue engineering, and the visions of their future utilization.
Fabrication and Characterization of Anode-Supported SDC Film Electrolyte and its Single Cell
Authors: Li Xi Bao , Wang Jian , Yu Xiao Hua , Gu Hong Xing , Shao Gang Qin
Published: December 2010

NiO-YSZ (NiO-yttria stabilized zirconia, 3:2, wt.%) and samaria doped ceria (SDC) tapes were prepared by aqueous tape casting. NiO-YSZ anode-supported SDC film electrolyte half-cell was fabricated by laminating and co-sintering at 1400°C for 2 h. The single cell was prepared after LSCF-SDC (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite-SDC, 1:1, wt.%) cathode was coated on the electrolyte surface and sintered at 1300 °C for 2 h. The discharge performance of the single cell was tested from 500 °C to 800 °C at different H2 flow rate. Results showed that the relationship between current (I) of and H2 flow rate (ν) was I = 8 × 106 ν. Before reaching the threshold value of H2 flow rate, the current density of single cell increased with the increasing of H2 flow rate. However, the current density did not change with increasing of H2 flow rate over the threshold value. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of single cell at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C was 0.978, 0.921, 0.861, 0.803 V, respectively. The maximum power density reached 93.03 mW/cm2 at 800°C. The resistance of interface layer between Ni-YSZ anode and SDC electrolyte was the key impact on the power density.
Determination of Silicon-Carbide Content in 95 Silicon-Carbide Brick
Authors: Cao Hai Jie , Zhang Zhou Ming
Published: December 2010

Four methods were used to determine SiC content of self-combined 95 silicon-carbide brick, such as hydrofluoric acid volatilization-gravimetric method, direct method, etc. Results of different methods were compared, and causes of the difference were identified. The test results indicate that impurities compositions have different effects on different test methods. When impurities are free carbon, free silica, iron oxide, silicon oxide, hydrofluoric acid volatilization-gravimetric method is appropriate. When hydrochloric acid-resist impurities are more, it is necessary to choose direct and indirect methods. When using direct method and indirect methods, it is useful to increase the amount of flux to make sure that the specimen is dissolved thoroughly. If necessary, increasing test times is useful.
Effect of Severe Plastic Deformation on Microstructures and Properties of AgCuO Composites
Authors: Zhou Xiao Long , Cao Jian Chun , Li Jing Tao , Chen Jing Chao , Peng Yuan Yuan , Zhang Kun Hua , Yu Jie , Feng Hao , Zhang Dan
Published: December 2010

The microstructures and properties of AgCuO composites were researched after severe plastic deformation. The results showed that CuO particles secondly were dispersed along with increasing of true strain. The purpose of microstructure homogenization was achieved. The value of density, tensile strength and resistivity was increasing along. The value of hardness was reduced. The value of the elongation was increasing before true strain 8.0 and decreasing after true strain 8.0 in AgCuO composites.
A New Apparatus and Method for Thermal Expansion Determination of Large Refractory Samples at High Temperature
Authors: Yin Yu Cheng , Ge Shan , Li Nan
Published: December 2010

In order to overcome the disadvantages of thermal expansion measurements using small samples, such as 10mm×50mm, for refractories with aggregates larger than 20mm, a new apparatus and method were developed by Wuhan University of Science and Technology for the thermal expansion determination of refractories using large samples. Thermal expansion determination of large refractory samples, such as 40mm×40mm×160mm, can be finished by this new apparatus up to 1600°C. During the process of thermal expansion measurement by this new apparatus, the temperature difference along the length of large refractory sample with large aggregates can be observed by three thermocouples, which were inserted into sample. Determination was done when the whole sample is the same temperature or in the permissible temperature range. Results comparison between this new apparatus and calibrated model 1161V dilatometer produced by ANTER Corporation show that developed apparatus has good accuracy.
Mineralogy and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ash from Yang Zonghai Power Plant
Authors: Zhai Feng Rui , Yi Zhong Zhou , Cai Qun , Song Huan Bin , Zhang Li Li , Wang Quan Biao
Published: December 2010

The modality, physical and chemical characteristics, mineralogy and distribution of particle size of coal ash were studied by modern analytic technology SEM, spectral analysis, X - ray Diffraction (XRD) and laser granularity analyzer. The test results show that the mineralogy of coal ashes is dominated mainly by mullite, quartz and hematite.The coal ash of Yang Zonghai power plant has lower content of calcium oxide and is low calcium ash.At the same time, the losing amount is low to burn.The particle diameter is small and mainly concentrates on the range of 1-40 m.
Nanoindentation Size Effects for Calcium Silicate Hydrate
Authors: Yao Wu , Liang Kang
Published: December 2010

Hardness of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) at different ages was measured by nanoindentation test. The results show obvious indentation size effect in hardness of CSH. Hardness decreases with increasing depth. Moreover, both low density CSH and high density CSH follow the same size effect law in hardness. This phenomenon further indicates that two types of CSH are of the same basic composition but different packing densities.
Absorbing and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Nano-Titanic Oxide Absorbent
Authors: Xiong Guo Xuan , Deng Min , Huang Hai Qing , Tang Ming Shu
Published: December 2010

The cement-based composite absorbing materials was made of portland cement and nano-titanic oxide absorbent. The relationship of electromagnetic wave reflectivity and nanometer TiO2 contents, dispersed means, samples thickness, and effect of nanometer titanium oxide on mechanical properties of cement-based composites were discussed in details. The experiment results revealed: 1) The reflectivity of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide is less than -7 dB at 8~18 GHz frequency range; 2) The least reflectivity is -16.34 dB at 16.24 GHz and the bandwidth for -10 dB is 4.5 GHz; 3) The mechanical properties of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide are superior to that of cement paste.
Detecting the Efficiency of Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete by Use of Galvanostatic Pulse Technique
Authors: Xu Jing , Yao Wu
Published: December 2010

The galvanostatic pulse technique has been applied in detecting the efficiency of cathodic protection in reinforced concrete based on the investigation on the response of galvanostatic pulse to the corrosion state of steel and perturbation magnitude of signal. Two data analysis methods were introduced to determine the corrosion rate. It is shown that the selection of perturbation magnitude of signal to be applied depends strongly on the corrosion state of steel. Too small current makes it difficult to separate the potential signal from background noise, whereas higher current results in intensive polarization. Thus, neither of two is beneficial for the data processing. The corrosion rate values obtained from chronopotentiometry method are on the low side during cathodic protection monitored by higher perturbation signal and correction of data employing polarization conversion method is suggested.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of CMC/MMT Nanocomposite
Authors: Zhai Chuan Xin , Li Yan , Ma Xiang Dong , Wei Shi Zhong , Xu Liu Jie
Published: December 2010

Using montmorillonite (MMT) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as raw materials, CMC/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by the solution intercalation technique. The microstructures of MMT before and after being intercalated were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results of XRD showed that when the adding amount of CMC increased from naught to 70wt%, the structures of MMT have no change basically; when the adding amount of CMC increased to 80wt%, the decrease of MMT (001) was significant; when the adding amount of CMC reached to 90wt%, the diffraction peak of (001) disappeared, which indicated that the layers of MMT have been exfoliated along (001) and the CMC/MMT intercalated structure has been obtained. The observations by HRTEM showed that the shapes of MMT are layer aggregation or agglomerated particles. The MMT added with 90wt% CMC has changed into intercalated structure with alternating MMT and CMC order mainly, and the intercalated structure was characterized at the atomic scale.
Identification of Natural Tourmaline and Similar Gems by Diffuse Reflection Fourier Transform Middle Infrared Spectrum
Authors: Shen Li , Hu Jin , Zhu Xiao Qin , Zhang Wei Ju
Published: December 2010

By using the infrared reflection spectrum analysis technique, natural tourmaline and imitation tourmaline, similar tourmalines were investigated. The results show that the main absorption peaks of natural tourmaline are seven peaks at 1314cm-1, 1118cm-1, 1039cm-1, 999cm-1, 601cm-1, 513cm-1, 454 cm-1. The main absorption peaks of composite tourmaline and imitation tourmaline are different from natural tourmaline. The results are useful for identifying them.
Novel Phase Transformation Phenomenon of Potassium Teteratitanate Nanofibres Synthesized from H2TiO3
Authors: Zhang Na , Xu Hai Fang , Li Yu Lin , Li Qiang , Zhang Cheng
Published: December 2010

Starting from H2TiO3, potassium teteratitanate (K2Ti4O9) nanofibres with the length of several micrometers and the diameter of 100nm were directly synthesized by solid state reaction. The novel phase transformation and structure change behavior was investigated by the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in details. In series of hydrothermal reaction, the K2Ti4O9 could transfer to anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2. Aggregated anatase TiO2 particles and rod-like rutile TiO2 were produced respectively in 1M HCl solutions at 1600C and 2200C. When the 0.01M HCl solution was considered as solvent, the mixture of floral anatase TiO2 and K2Ti4O9 were present together.
Mechanism of Polymerization Reaction during the Solidification of Meta-Kaolin Based Mineral Polymer
Authors: Nie Yi Miao , Ma Hong Wen , Liu Shu Xian , Niu Fu Sheng
Published: December 2010

Products of mineral polymer were prepared from meta-kaolin in this research. The mechanism of polymerization was deduced from the analytical data of XRD, IR, SEM and MAS-NMR. Several stages were produced during the solidification of meta-kaolin-based mineral polymer, that is, firstly, the Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si bonds of the meta-kaolin were broken in the high molar alkaline solution; Parallel to this process, complexes and polymerized species (-Si-O-Na, Al(OH)4-, Al(OH)52-, Al(OH)63-) formed; secondly, aluminosilicate zeolite precursors or precipitates formed; finally, by dehydration, the precursors turned into the non-crystaline phase, in which Q4(2Al) were the main forms of Si element, and tetrahedral aluminum were the main form of Al element in the mineral polymer products cured for 28 days. The experimental results provided a good basis for understanding the formation of mineral polymer.
Identification of Rhinoceros Horn and its Substitutes
Authors: Li Sheng Qing , Zu En Dong , Liu Li Jun
Published: December 2010

In order to provide technical support to the quality check departments, this paper researches on the identification of the rhinoceros horn and its substitutes. The rhinoceros horn and its substitutes have been respectively studied by means of appearance and characteristic analysis and infrared spectral analysis. The results show: due to their similar appearances and characteristics, it is difficult to distinguish the rhinoceros horn and its substitutes. The rhinoceros horn has two absorption peaks of P-H stretching vibration of sphingolipid at 2350cm-1, while other horns only have one or no absorption peak in this region. What’s more, compared with other horns, it has weak absorption peaks of C=O stretching vibration of hexosamine at 1733 cm-1, and absorption peaks of S-O stretching vibration of taurine at 881 cm-1. However, other horns have none of these absorption peaks.
Effect of how PDC Macro Interface Structure on the Performance of the Resistance to Impact
Authors: Fan Wen Jie , Liu Fang , Zhou Chuan Xun
Published: December 2010

This paper focuses on the research for test method of PDC impact resistance performance. It has been proved that not only can PDC impact resistance be revealed well, but also test time could be shortened greatly after instead of 0.2kg steel ball with 2kg steel ball. With the improvement method, we test the impact resistance performance of PDC with 5 typical macroscopic interfaces at normal temperature and after heating, such as, planar structure, v-groove, u-groove, ring groove, ring claw-tooth. With SEM, we study on its different impact resistance performance due to different macroscopic interfaces, analyze the reason why PDC impact resistance is different with the changing of PDC macroscopic interface, and find macroscopic interface with multi-plane shape (e.g. ring claw-tooth) plays an important role on eliminating the stress of interface.
Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Carbon Encapsulated Fe-Cu Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Jun , Xiang Hou Kui , Ding Hong Qiao , Pang Shu Li , Wang Xue Hua , Cao Hong
Published: December 2010

Carbon encapsulated Fe-Cu alloys nanoparticles were synthesized by using ferric nitrate, copper nitrate as metal sources and using sucrose as carbon source. The synthesis process involved a step of hydrazine hydrate reduction in alcohol solution and a step of annealing carbonization. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, X-ray energy dispersion spectrograph, trans- mission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed the sample was core / shell structure, the metalic core was crystalline FeCu4 alloy, the shell was amorphous carbon, and the average particle size was about 51nm. The magnetic measurement by using a vibrating sample magnetometer revealed that the sample has ultra-soft magnetic property with the saturation magnetization Ms of 13.01 emu/g, residual magnetization Mr of 0.37 emu/g and coercive forces Hc of 54.43 Oe at room temperature.
Structure and Properties of UV-Curable Waterborne Polyurethane/Acrylate Composite Resin
Authors: Wu Zhen , Guo Qing , Jia Run Ping , Liu Fei Wei
Published: December 2010

UV-curable waterborne polyurethane/acrylate (WPUA) composite resin was prepared, and its properties were compared with those of waterborne polyurethane resin. Results showed that the particle size distribution of the compounding resin was broader, and the compatibility of two phases in resin system became better after adding the acrylate into polyurethane. Moreover, water and alcohol resistances, and mechanical properties of composite resin were superior to those of waterborne polyurethane resin. Comprehensive properties of resin film were the best when photoinitiator amount is 3% of resin.
Structural Analysis of Multiphase La1-XSrxCo1-XFexO3-δ
Authors: Gu Yi Jie , Yang Zhi Ning , Chen Yu Bo , Liu Hong Quan , Wu Hui Kang , Chen Lin , Wang Meng , Zuo Lin Li , Huang Xiao Wen , Liu Xiu Bo , Wei Wen Ge , Lu Cheng , Hu Yong , Guo Zhen , Hu Zu Wang
Published: December 2010

Multiphase La1-xSrxFe1-yCoyO3-δ has been synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-diffraction. Structure refinements of multiphase were undertaken to analyze compositions of compounds, and structure parameters were determined by Rietveld method, respectively. It was found that products were easier to be prepared in the condition of a precursor dealed with by high-speed disintegrator, and products synthesized at 1173K were composed of two phases of which La0.75Sr0.25Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ is an orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm and La0.46Sr0.54Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ trigonal structure with space group R-3c. Structure geometry becomes more regular with increasing Sr content.
Environmental-Friendly Soy Protein Isolate/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Films: Biodegradation Behaviors
Authors: Su Jun Feng , Wang Shan Shan , Xia Wen Long
Published: December 2010

The objective of this work was to investigate the color stability in air under photo-oxidative degradation influencing consumer acceptance and biodegradation behaviors in soil of soy protein isolate (SPI)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend packaging films during 30 days. The results showed that PVA could dilute the yellow color and make the SPI-based films less darkness in application and the transparency of SPI/PVA films at various stages of degradation was improved. Aerobic biodegradation of films in soil proved that the PVA compound interacting with protein imposed negative effects on biodegradation of blend films prolonging their decomposing time. The SPI/PVA blend films decomposed into small fragments of less complex molecules along with surface completely digested after 30 days.
Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methyl Orange onto Surfactant-Modified Sepiolite
Authors: Li Ji Yuan , Li Ya Jing , Zhou Cai Lou , Wang Chang Ping , Hong Shan Hui
Published: December 2010

Organosepiolite has been prepared by exchanging with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a modifier. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of methyl orange from aqueous solutions onto organosepiolite are studied, then the adsorption principle is discussed. The results of XRD and FTIR show that sepiolite can be well modified by treating with CTAB. The results indicate that the adsorption isotherm for methyl orange accords with the Langumir equation. The adsorption enthalpy and entropy changes are –13.54 kJ/mol and -32.8J/(mol•K), respectively. And the adsorption exhibits spontaneous physical adsorption and exothermic. The adsorption dynamics follows the laws of pseudo-second-order kinetics with the energy of activation is 6.36kJ/ mol.
Preparation and Decolorization Properties of Active Industrial Vermiculites
Authors: Su Bai Li , Peng Tong Jiang , Ma Guo Hua
Published: December 2010

Based on cationic exchange and adsorption properties of industrial vermiculites, acid-activation processing and decoloration rate testing for industrial raw vermiculite samples industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were researched. Some factors that influenced the acid-activated products adsorption and the decolorization performance were investigated, such as acid concentration, activation time, activation temperature etc., and optimum process conditions were developed as follows: the acid concentration was 3.0 mol/L, the activation time was 3 h and the activation temperature was 90°C, under these conditions, the decoloration rate of acid-activated sample was 88.46%.
Adsorption of Inorganic Nitrogen and Effect of Microbe Action in the Saturated Soil
Authors: Liu She Jiang , Liu Xiu Li , Jiang Li Ping
Published: December 2010

The contamination of nitrate in groundwater has become an ever-increasing environmental problem. To understand the process of nitrate transformation in soil medium, the experiments of adsorption and denitrification were carried out in this paper. The results indicated that nitrate could not be adsorbed by soil particle, but its intermediary in the denitrification pathway, nitrite occurred obvious adsorption in soil. The influence parameters of nitrite adsorption, such as pH value of solution, initial concentration and temperature, were systematically investigated. In addition, microbe action on nitrate and nitrite was also evaluated in this study. Although attenuation of nitrate and nitrite occurred under natural conditions, external carbon source could accelerate the denitrification process. The efficiency of nitrate attenuation was only about 5% by the end of 30 d experimental period. However, the enhanced degradation of nitrate approached 50% within 14 d, with the appearance of nitrite accumulation.
Surfactant Assisted Synthesis of Spindle-Shaped Nanostructured LiFePO4
Authors: Liu Chao , Ji Xiu Jie , Zhao Shan Shan , Ma Dong Xia , Li Song
Published: December 2010

With the assistance of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS), spindle-shaped nanostructured lithium iron phosphate (S-LFP) was synthesized in glycol-water media via a novel refluxing method under N2 atmosphere. FeSO4, (NH4)2HPO4 and LiOH were used as Fe, P and Li sources, respectively. The crystal phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and spindle-shaped nanostructure were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that the purity of the product was greatly influenced by the volume ratio of glycol to water. With the increase of the ratio, the crystal phases tended to pure LFP. On the other hand, with the increase of SDS amount, the particles tended to uniform and spindle-shaped morphology.
Synthesis and Characterization of Attapulgite Clay Coated Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Gu Xu , Jiang Jin Long , Li Dong
Published: December 2010

Attapulgite clay coated Ag/AgBr/TiO2 visible light photocatalyst was prepared by an impregnation-deposition-precipitation method. The catalyst was characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and EMAX, and their photocatalytic activity was examined by degradation of methylene blue in water under sunlight. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited high efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue and the catalyst activity maintained effectively after successive cyclic experiments under sunlight, attributed to adsorption of dye on attapulgite clay and high dispersion of AgBr and TiO2 nano-sized particles on the surface of attapulgite clay.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of FePt /Silica Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Cui Xia , Li Zhi Hong , Du Xue Yan , Guo Hai Xia
Published: December 2010

FePt nanoparticles (NPS), ~2nm in diameter, were synthesized and then coated with silica (SiO2) shells ~1.5nm-thick using reverse micelles as nanoreactors. The silica-coated FePt core–shell (FePt @silica) NPS were characterized by direct techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the silica shells prevented the aggregation in liquid comparing to their bare counterparts. The as-synthesized FePt@SiO2 NPS exhibited essential characteristics of superparamagnetic behavior, as investigated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that the annealing at 700 °C for 30min under argon atmosphere caused the crystal structure of FePt core to transform from disordered face centered cubic (fcc) to the chemically ordered L10 FePt with face-centered tetragonal (fct) structure. This phase transition caused the change of magnetic properties of the FePt@SiO2 particles from superparamagnetism to ferromagnetism.
Synthesis of Potassium Ionic Sieve Membrane and its Selectivity to Potassium Ion in Seawater
Authors: Yuan Jun Sheng , Li Fei , Han Hui Ru , Ji Zhi Yong
Published: December 2010

Potassium ionic sieve membrane was synthesized on porous α-Al2O3 tube support by the hydrothermal synthesis. The zeolite membranes were characterized by means of XRD and SEM. And the single-gas permeability through the membranes and selectivity to K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ were measured. The results show that the ideal separation factor is 3.68, which is close to Knudsen diffusion ratio 3.74 for H2/N2; the separation factors of the potassium ionic sieve membrane are , , respectively, indicating its high separation selectivity to potassium ion.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Structure and Surface Properties of Palygorskite
Authors: Tang Qing Guo , Wang Fei , Li Li Wei , Liang Jin Sheng
Published: December 2010

The relationship between surface properties and water vapor absorption performance was studied according to crystal structure and surface free energy of purified palygorskite. The results show that the unit cell volume of samples increases along with the increase of temperature ranging from 0 to 200 °C, leading to the increase of water vapor absorption. The intensity of diffraction peak, crystal plane spacing and unit cell volume decrease with the increase of the heat temperature ranging from 200 to 800°C, leading to the decrease of water vapor absorption. The intensity of diffraction peak almost disappears when the temperature is over 800°C. The palygorskite turns into non-crystallization, and the new phase of diopside appears. The surface free energy and polarity component increase along with the increase of heat-treatment temperature, and the dispersion component is obviously relevant to water vapor absorption performance.
Application Mineralogy Characteristics of the Industrial Vermiculite from Different Mines in China
Authors: Peng Tong Jiang , Sun Hong Juan , Liu Hai Feng
Published: December 2010

Based on the crystal chemistry characteristics of industrial vermiculite, the application mineralogy characteristics of the industrial vermiculite samples from four Mines in China have been studied. The results show that the samples are composed of phlogopite-vermiculite and chlorite-vermiculite interstratified minerals. The interstratified structure characteristics and the vermiculite layer contents are different in the different samples even for the samples from same Mine. The chemical compositions have difference in the different interstratified structure type samples. The contents of K2O, TiO2 and Na2O are higher for the samples with phlogopite-vermiculite interstratified structure and the contents of MgO and Al2O3 are higher for the samples with Chlorite-vermiculite interstratified structure. The cation exchange capacities of the samples are between 17.26mmol/100g and 98.95mmol/100g. The thermal expanding ratios of the samples are between 9 and 32. The samples with more vermiculite layers have bigger cation exchange capacity and the thermal expanding ratios.
Development of Ion Materials and Health Methodology
Authors: Guo Bin , Li Qing Shan , Jin Zong Zhe
Published: December 2010

The development of health functional materials and the healthy law were focused on in this paper. Several world-renowned health regimen liquid was introduced, and the basic principles of health from the material, medicine and biological sciences were analyzed, then a healthy and anti-aging effect cell-food that containing circulating balanced ions was developed, and finally the health ion methodology was proposed. Ion is the forth morphology existing in soild, liquid and gas. Ion is smaller than nano, but it has a higher potential and can be applied in electronic, energy, environment, building materials, food, textile, agriculture, health industry and so on, such as ‘Solid Ion Science’ of electronic, semiconductor, battery, ‘Ion Liquid’ of pollution-free chemistry, ionic conductivity cement, water changed to fuel, purify CO2 in industry and more. So we can conclude that ion technology will become one of the most cutting-edge technologies after nano technology. In this paper, healthy materials and circulating ions were mainly introduced.
Adsorption Characters of Mn2+ onto Palygorskites Modified by 1, 10-Phenanthroline and Triethylamine
Authors: Feng Liang Dong , Chen Bo Qing , Shi Ying Ying , Guo Ying Wei , Huang Jing , Sun Man , Gu Ya Xin , Li Deng Hao
Published: December 2010

1, 10-phenanthroline and triethylamine modified palygorskites were prepared by microwave irradiation, and characterized with FT-IR technique. The effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH value of the initial solution on the adsorption characters of Mn2+ were investigated. The adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solutions using 1, 10-phenanthroline or triethylamine modified palygorskites were investigated. Experiment results indicated that 1,10-phenanthroline and triethylamine molecules have been successfully grafted to palygorskite. The adsorption was rapid during the ﬁrst 5 minuts and equilibrium were attained within 60 minutes in the initial concentration of Mn2+ of 50 and 100 mg•L-1, and fast adsorption in the first 10 minutes and slowly increased with the contact time due to the adsorption of palygorskite. The 1, 10-phenanthroline modified palygorskites had higher adsorption capacity than triethylamine modified palygorskites. Compared with natural palggorskites, the Mn2+ ions adsorption capacities of palggorskite modified by 1, 10-phenanthroline or triethylamine were significantly improved. There were less difference in the adsorption capacity between different dasages of 1, 10-phenanthroline modified palygorskites, but the adsorption capacity of Mn2+ adsorbed onto triethylamine modified palygorskites decreased with increasing the dosages. A Lagergren pseudo-second order model best described the kinetics of adsorption of Mn2+ onto the modified palygorskites.
Development Trend of Traffic Tools and Prospect of Ecological Environment Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Jia Qi , Li Jian Hua
Published: December 2010

In the background of world energy shortage, traffic tools supplied by fossil fuels have come into the decline of product life cycle, and it will be replaced by new ones. Because the development of new traffic tools is based on the design principles of energy conservation and environment protection, the ecological environment function material certainly needs to meet various requirements. The design of new traffic tools and the development direction of ecological environment functional materials in this field are illustrated in this paper.