bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regge trajectories for the triply heavy bottom-charm baryons in the diquark picture
Authors: Xie Jia-Qi , Song He , Chen Jiao-Kai
Published: October 2024

We present the explicit form of the Regge trajectory relations for the triply heavy bottom-charm baryons, which can be applied to investigate both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-mode excited states and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-mode excited states. We estimate the masses of the $$\lambda $$
λ
-excited states and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-excited states. The results are in agreement with other theoretical predictions. Both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-trajectories and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories are discussed. Moreover, the behaviors of the $$\lambda $$
λ
- and $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories for various baryons are discussed. It is shown that both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-trajectories and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories for baryons are concave downwards in the $$(M^2,\,x)$$

(

M
2

,

x
)

plane. The Regge trajectories for the light baryons are approximately linear and become concave as the masses of the light constituents are considered.
Language Acceptors with a Pushdown: Characterizations and Complexity
Authors: Ibarra Oscar H. , McQuillan Ian
Published: October 2024

We study one-way nondeterministic pushdown automata ([Formula: see text]), optionally with reversal-bounded counters. Finite-turn pushdown automata are pushdown automata with a bound on the number of switches between pushing and popping. We give new characterizations for finite-turn pushdown automata, and for finite-turn pushdown automata augmented with reversal-bounded counters. The first is in terms of multi-tape nondeterministic finite automata ([Formula: see text]), and the second is in terms of multi-tape [Formula: see text] with reversal-bounded counters. We then use the characterizations to determine the complexity of the languages defined by these automata. In particular, we show that languages accepted by finite-turn [Formula: see text] augmented with reversal-bounded counters are in [Formula: see text]. For the non-finite-turn case, the languages are in [Formula: see text] and in [Formula: see text]. We also look at the space complexity of languages accepted by two-way machines. In particular, we show that every language accepted by a two-way [Formula: see text] with reversal-bounded counters that makes a polynomial (resp., exponential) number of input head reversals is in [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]). This remains true if the pushdown can flip its contents a bounded number of times.
SATEER: Subject-Aware Transformer for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition
Authors: Lanzino Romeo , Avola Danilo , Fontana Federico , Cinque Luigi , Scarcello Francesco , Foresti Gian Luca
Published: October 2024

This study presents a Subject-Aware Transformer-based neural network designed for the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Emotion Recognition task (SATEER), which entails the analysis of EEG signals to classify and interpret human emotional states. SATEER processes the EEG waveforms by transforming them into Mel spectrograms, which can be seen as particular cases of images with the number of channels equal to the number of electrodes used during the recording process; this type of data can thus be processed using a Computer Vision pipeline. Distinct from preceding approaches, this model addresses the variability in individual responses to identical stimuli by incorporating a User Embedder module. This module enables the association of individual profiles with their EEGs, thereby enhancing classification accuracy. The efficacy of the model was rigorously evaluated using four publicly available datasets, demonstrating superior performance over existing methods in all conducted benchmarks. For instance, on the AMIGOS dataset (A dataset for Multimodal research of affect, personality traits, and mood on Individuals and GrOupS), SATEER’s accuracy exceeds 99.8% accuracy across all labels and showcases an improvement of 0.47% over the state of the art. Furthermore, an exhaustive ablation study underscores the pivotal role of the User Embedder module and each other component of the presented model in achieving these advancements.
A Halpern Fixed-Point Iteration-Based Approach to Harmonic Model Predictive Control Problem
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhao Xinyuan , Ma Jiaming
Published: October 2024

Harmonic model predictive control (HMPC) is a variant of MPC that offers improved system performance compared to other MPC formulations within a shorter prediction horizon. However, achieving this benefit requires formulating the MPC as a quadratic second-order cone programming (QSOCP) problem, as opposed to the conventional quadratic programming problem commonly found in linear MPC formulations. This distinction arises from the need to incorporate a special class of second-order cone (SOC) intersections in the constraints. To handle the cone constraints in this problem efficiently, we introduced an explicit expression for the intersection of the SOC constraints and derived a closed-form solution projected onto it. By exploiting the inherent sparsity structure of the HMPC problem and using Cholesky decomposition, we reformulate it as a strongly QSOCP problem. This reformulation allows us to represent the objective function as a quadratic function using an identity matrix. We then use the Halpern fixed-point iteration-based scheme to solve this problem. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrated the superiority of our proposed method in terms of the computational time required to solve HMPC problems.
Design of Direct Digital Synthesizer of Gilbert Cell Using Chisel Generator with NCO
Authors: Gujjula Ramana Reddy , Perumal Chitra
Published: October 2024

Numerous digital communication systems, such as digital radio and modems, digital converters, computer base stations, etc., depend on numerically controlled oscillators (NCOs). NCOs are so often utilized because of the wide range of beneficial characteristics that possess. Direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFSs) are essential elements of modern radio electronics. These signals can be generated using either analogue circuitry or digital circuitry. These signals are generated by an NCO in a digital system, and they are then converted to analogue signals by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). This paper presents a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) of Gilbert cell using a chisel generator with NCOs. The DDS has a sine-wave generator analogue Gilbert cell, a phase accumulator, wave-correction ROM (WCR), RAM, and DACs. Two ground-signal-ground (GSG) single-ended microwave probes and two DC probes are used to test the DDS on the wafer. The results of the test demonstrate that it can create sine waves with a frequency resolution of 23.44[Formula: see text]MHz and can operate consistently at 6[Formula: see text]GHz clock frequency.
Optimized Bayesian Matching Pursuit for Joint Channel Estimation and Impulse Noise Mitigation
Authors: Sarada Devi N. P. , Ravi Chandra M. L.
Published: October 2024

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted in most wireless communication systems, and the performance of OFDM is affected by impulse noise (IN). Better channel estimation (CE) performance is required to detect the channel information on the receiving side. The OFDM system is considered with the number of subcarriers carrying the data and pilot symbols. In the OFDM modulator, the symbols of the frequency domain are transformed into the signals of the time domain using inverse discrete Fourier transformation (IDFT). Effective impulsive noise mitigation is crucial for improving the effectiveness of OFDM communication systems, and it improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. A cyclic prefix is then appended before transmission through the channel. In the receiver noise, the effect of IN is mitigated jointly with CE using the Bayesian matching pursuit (BMP) and Moth-flame algorithm (MFA). In this approach, the IN and channel information is considered as a sparse vector. Here, the data symbols used are considered an unknown parameter. The approach incorporating all subcarriers has a lower mean square error (MSE) of IN estimate for impulsive noise reduction. The MFA algorithm is used to optimize the sensor matrix in BMP. The sparsity of the channel and the impulse response are observed in the time domain to represent the channel and IN together. It exactly recovers the sparse signal for finding the convex objectives of the sparse minimizer, and the sparse solution is obtained with fixed point updates. The proposed BMP algorithm improves the CE by explicitly considering the existence of IN. The BMP is a greedy algorithm that selects the most correlated residuals at each column. Under mutual incoherence, it recovers the signal with a higher probability. The simulated outcomes proved that the proposed CE and noise mitigation model achieved better performance based on the bit error rate (BER), throughput and MSE.
Fast Rumor Detection in Social Networks Through Large Language Models-Based Semantic Enhancement
Authors: Yin Yuan , Wu Qiupu , Wang Yulin
Published: October 2024

With the popularity of social media, the rapid spread of rumors has brought great challenges to social stability and personal safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient and accurate rumor detection method. This study first reviews this research status of social network rumor detection, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods and deep learning-based methods, and then completes network language feature extraction based on Transformer, uses KIMI large language model (LLM) for semantic enhancement, and then completes the establishment of semantic feature fusion module. Finally, KIMI and GPT are integrated to construct a hybrid LLM for fast detection of Internet rumors. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, this study obtains data sets from MicroBlog community management center, Twitter and TikTok for experiments. The experimental results show that the semantic enhancement technology based on the mixed LLM performs well in the rumor detection task, which is significantly better than the single LLM. In addition, we also discuss the effect of semantic enhancement strategy on model performance, and find that this strategy can further improve the accuracy and robustness of the model. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicability of this method, and provide a new idea and method for the rapid detection of social network rumors.
Discrete Variational Feature Transfer Learning for Skeleton-based Abnormal Behavior Detection
Authors: Shu Yuan , Wang Youren , Zhang Min , Yang Jie , Wang Yi , Wang Jun , Zhang Yunbin
Published: October 2024

Deep learning-based models have achieved promising performance for video behavior anomaly detection, but these models require high computational complexity for processing video data. Moreover, the performance is severely restricted by different challenges, i.e., lighting conditions, background noise and occlusion. The human skeleton has a compact spatial structure and rich semantic information, which can be more robust to video data defection. Although the human skeleton has good real-time performance, the recognition accuracy still needs further improvement. To this end, we propose a novel discrete variational feature transfer learning (DVFTL) framework in which the spatiotemporal graph-embedded Transformer module is designed to construct feature extraction backbones. Specifically, we extract human skeleton information from video frames, and combine graph convolution with the Transformer encoder to explore the local and global dependencies of joint points in the human skeleton. To analyze abnormal behavior uncertainty, we constructed the extraction network based on the discrete variational reconstruction mechanism. Moreover, to further improve the skeleton detection performance, we introduce the distillation transfer learning mechanism from the video variational network to the skeleton variational network. we conducted extensive comparative experiments on two publicly available datasets. The experimental results show that the skeleton-based variational network achieves high performance. Moreover, the introduction of the transfer learning mechanism can further improve the performance of our proposed model.
A prime decomposition theorem for string links in a thickened surface
Authors: Tarkaev Vladimir
Published: October 2024

We prove a prime decomposition theorem for string links in a thickened surface. Namely, we prove that any non-braid string link [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a compact orientable (not necessarily closed) surface other than [Formula: see text], can be written in the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is prime string link defined up to braid equivalence, and the decomposition is unique up to possibly permuting the order of factors in its right-hand side.
Feedback Stabilization of Chain-Like MDOF Nonlinear Structural Systems Under Purely Parametric Gaussian White Noises
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Luo Yangyang , Zhao Lei , Yan Bo
Published: October 2024

A feedback control method is proposed to asymptotically stabilize the chain-like multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear structural system under purely parametric Gaussian white noises. First, the motion equation of a chain-like nonlinear structural system with [Formula: see text] coupled elements and an undetermined control law is derived. It is reduced to a one-dimensional partially averaged Itô stochastic differential equation of the controlled Hamiltonian by applying the stochastic averaging method, which bypasses the challenge of calculating multiple Lyapunov exponents. Next, based on the dynamical programming principle, the dynamical programming equation of the averaged system with an undetermined cost function is established and addressed to obtain the optimal control law. Then, the Lyapunov exponent of the completely averaged Itô equation is derived. For the given requirement of stabilizing the system, the Lyapunov exponent is entirely fixed and used to analyze the stability of the originally chain-like MDOF nonlinear structural system. A controlled chain-like 8-DOF nonlinear structural system is taken as an example to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed procedure and the effect of control forces on stabilizing the system.
Optimizing Acoustic Performance and Structural Integrity of the Oud
Authors: Mohamed Elshaikh , Sassi Amine , Gharib Mohamed , Sassi Sadok
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation into the vibroacoustic behavior of a traditional oud. An experimental modal analysis was conducted using impact hammer testing to determine the oud’s soundboard’s dynamic characteristics and frequency response function for up to 400 Hz. Finite element analysis was used to model the oud, incorporating its precise geometry, the wood’s orthotropic material properties, and its interaction with the surrounding air. Validation was performed by matching the numerical and experimental mode shapes and the natural frequencies. Harmonic acoustic analysis examined the oud’s sound pressure level radiation and cavity resonance. Structural–acoustic optimizations were conducted systematically, varying the soundhole’s size, the soundboard’s thickness, and the dimensions of the internal bracing to maximize the acoustics properties while minimizing the structural stress. The effects of these geometric factors on the instrument’s tonal characteristics were quantified. The results provide physical insights into the relationship between the oud’s construction and sound production. The methodology demonstrates a rigorous approach combining simulations and experimentation to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the vibroacoustic behavior of a musical instrument. This fundamental understanding could guide future improvements in the design of ouds.
Noise Reduction of Amperometric Electrochemical Sensor using Current Compensation on Transimpedance Amplifier for Dissolved Oxygen Measurement
Authors: Umar Lazuardi , Setiadi Rahmondia N. , Arfianti Arfianti
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a study of noise reduction of an electrochemical sensor is presented. This study is initiated based on the fact that the signal from the electrochemical sensor has quite high noise. The current signal from the sensor is very weak and noisy due to high impedance and complex process on the sensor and measured media such as a solution of dissolved oxygen. The current is usually converted using a transimpedance amplifier with high voltage-to-current ratio by a feedback resistance, which usually also produces large noise due to high feedback resistance value. This will contribute to an additional noise to the natural noise of the sensor and measured media, causing more noisy result. A modified transimpedance amplifier is proposed to reduce the noise from the sensor and converter to increase signal-to-noise ratio. The modification employs a current compensation, so that the current noise is suppressed at the converter input. The noise and signal measurements at the output of the compensated transimpedance amplifier show noise reduction compared to the standard transimpedance amplifier and measurement error reduction of the measured dissolved oxygen down to 0.89%.
Discrete-time approximation for backward stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion
Authors: Jiang Lianzi , Hu Mingshang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the discrete-time approximation schemes for a class of backward stochastic differential equations driven by [Formula: see text]-Brownian motion ([Formula: see text]-BSDEs) which corresponds to the hedging pricing of European contingent claims. By introducing an auxiliary extended [Formula: see text]-expectation space, we propose a class of [Formula: see text]-schemes to discrete [Formula: see text]-BSDEs in this space. With the help of nonlinear stochastic analysis techniques and numerical analysis tools, we prove that our schemes admit half-order convergence for approximating [Formula: see text]-BSDE in the general case. In some special cases, our schemes can achieve a first-order convergence rate. Finally, we give an implementable numerical scheme for [Formula: see text]-BSDEs based on Peng’s central limit theorem and illustrate our convergence results with numerical examples.
RESEARCH ON OCCUPANT INTEGRATED SAFETY UNDER AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING ON LOWER LIMB INJURIES DURING CAR ACCIDENT
Authors: XIAO SEN , TIAN TENGFEI , MO FUHAO , ZHAO HUI
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to identify significant factors influencing lower limb injury trends during integrated active–passive collision processes, and further analyze the influence of automatic emergency braking (AEB) on lower limb injuries. Methods: First, an integrated active–passive simulation environment is being established. Subsequently, nine sets of simulations are being designed using the orthogonal experiment method to identify significant factors related to AEB. Finally, impact simulations are being conducted based on the significant factors, and the disparities in lower limb injuries between AEB-activated and nonactivated conditions are being compared. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the duration of AEB has a significant effect on lower limb injury, and the main effect value of left femoral force increases by 19.33% (0.79[Formula: see text]kN) when AEB lasts for 300[Formula: see text]ms compared with 100[Formula: see text]ms. An acetabular fracture has been found in the AEB-activated condition, which is a serious injury not found in the AEB-nonactivated condition, indicating the importance of careful application of the AEB. Discussion and Limitations: Lower limb injuries warrant attention in future research on integrated active and passive safety. The negative effect of AEB on lower limb injury can be attributed to dangerous pre-impact body posture resulting from inadequate performance of the restraint system. The study investigates the respective levels of AEB parameters on lower limb injuries and quantitatively analyzes the effects of AEB, providing a process reference for future integrated active–passive safety assessments.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide: A Review on Effect of Solvents and Operating Conditions on Crystal Size and Shape
Authors: DESHPANDE SHRIYA RAJAN , RANI K. YAMUNA
Published: October 2024

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a compound with versatile applications. The compound can be synthesized in multiple sizes and shapes. The actual final product shape or morphology depends largely on the solvent used. The understanding of the actual interaction amongst the solvent and solute molecules is a very promising way to predict the shape of ZnO. Further, the operating conditions used during synthesis of ZnO also influence the final size of the product. This review paper specifically focuses on synthesis of zinc oxide through solvothermal synthesis with salt of zinc oxide with single solvent and with different operating conditions. The literature on effect of mixture of solvents is also reported in one of the subsections. The aim of this review is to understand the actual interaction amongst single salt and solvent without presence of any other compound in it. The presence of more than one compound in solvent or mixture of solvent increases the complexity of the problem. Therefore, there is a need to focus on this specific collection of literature to understand the basics, while future studies can be devoted to more complex studies. This review covers the effect of solvents like alcohols, alkanes, glycols, ring compounds and water on zinc salt. Also, it reports the effect of operating parameters like effect of precursor, temperature and time based on the available literature.
In-situ UV–Vis Spectroscopy Examination of the Synthesis of Cobalt Oxychloride and Hydroxides
Authors: Qin Ling , Jiang Zhaoyi , Li Lun , Wang Junxiang , Ji Ya , Zhou Ye
Published: October 2024

Cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxychloride are very promising materials for batteries and electrocatalysis, but the reaction mechanism for inducing the formation of both using epoxides is currently unclear. This study focused on synthesizing cobalt oxychloride and cobalt hydroxides from CoCl[Formula: see text]H2O using a precipitation reaction triggered by propylene oxide (PO) in ethanol and water. The precipitation reaction process was described using hitherto unexplored UV–Vis technology. In the water system, Co[Formula: see text] existed as [Co(H2O)6][Formula: see text] with octahedral coordination, while in alcohol, it was [CoCln(H2O)[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text]. The water content and pH of the reaction system played crucial roles in determining the coordination compounds formed by Co[Formula: see text] ions, impacting the reaction’s course. These findings provide both experimental groundwork and theoretical insights for effectively regulating the synthesis of products in such systems.
Impact of φ-M-projective curvature tensor in a space-time
Authors: De Uday Chand , Bağdatli Yılmaz Hülya
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the [Formula: see text]-projective curvature (MPC) tensor, an extension of the MPC tensor and scrutinizes this tensor in space-times. The classification of space-times is stated by considering the cases of this tensor being flat, symmetric and pseudo-[Formula: see text]-projective symmetric. Furthermore, the physical interpretations of the obtained results are expressed.
Revisit of uncertainty principles via OPS method approach in the framework of quaternion quadratic phase Fourier transform
Authors: Varghese Sarga , Kundu Manab
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explore various uncertainty principles within the framework of the quaternion quadratic phase Fourier transform (QQPFT), which is the quaternion extension of the quadratic phase Fourier transform (QPFT). First, using the orthogonal plane split (OPS) method of quaternions, we observe the relation between QPFT and QQPFT. Later, using the OPS method, we formulate sharp Young–Hausdorff inequality, Pitt’s inequality, logarithmic uncertainty principle, entropy uncertainty principle, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Nazarov’s uncertainty principle for QQPFT.
Artificial neural network model for convectively heated Casson fluid with the appliance of solar energy
Authors: Qureshi Hamid , Shah Zahoor , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Khan Waqar Azeem , Ali Mehboob , Elmasry Yasser
Published: October 2024

This study is to illustrate the thermometric exchange of Casson fluid’s double diffusive nonlinear radiative heat flux over vertical plate associated with convective boundary conditions, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI)-based neural network computation technique. The AI analysis provides enhanced and optimized results with predictive modeling. The analysis utilizes a dataset generated through Mathematica environment and then embedded the filtered matrix dataset in MATLAB employs AI analysis using the Neural Auto Regressive Exogenous (NARX) method for optimized solutions. Levenberg–Marquard algorithm is used to train neural network. The model’s importance and applications span nuclear reactors, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, transportation and radiating processes of energy transfer. The physical problem is governed by PDEs that is transformed into a set of ODEs by using similarity transformation. The flow is analyzed against the variation in significant influencing parameter like Prandtl number (Pr), velocity ratio ([Formula: see text]), convective coefficient ([Formula: see text]), Rayleigh number (Ra), buoyancy ratio parameter ([Formula: see text]), radiation parameter ([Formula: see text]) and Casson fluid parameter ([Formula: see text]). Findings of this paper are significant for various industrial, engineering and research-based activities.
Some Properties of Lognormal Uncertain Variables
Authors: He Binhao
Published: October 2024

Uncertainty theory, as a mathematical tool to rationally handle degrees of belief of human beings, has been widely applied in science and engineering. As a basic component of uncertainty theory, uncertainty distribution is a carrier to describe the characterization of an uncertain variable. Moreover, inverse uncertainty distribution provides an easy way to calculate the functions of uncertain variables as well as their expected value. This paper mainly provides the formulas to calculate the expected value, variance, moments and entropy of lognormal uncertain variable. Besides, some operational laws of lognormal uncertain variables are proved.
Comprehensive Transverse Shear Stress Analysis for FG-GRC Sandwich Plates Based on a Refined Higher-Order Zigzag Theory
Authors: Ren Shanhong , Huang Bowei , Zhao Guozhong , Deng Hai
Published: October 2024

Interlaminar transverse shear stress plays a critical role in delamination and damage of laminated composite plates. As graphene platelets (GPLs) are piecewise distributed along the thickness to present gradient properties, fully assessing maximum values of transverse shear stress for functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite (FG-GRC) structures is necessary. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of transverse shear stress for FG-GRC sandwich plates. Nine different distribution patterns of GPLs covering three core types including softcore, hardcore and FG core are considered for the first time. To guarantee analysis accuracy of transverse shear stresses, a refined higher-order zigzag theory related with material heterogeneity in the framework of refined plate theory is presented. On this basis, governing equations for static analysis of GRC plates are formulated by employing the minimum potential energy principle, and analytical solutions are presented by the Navier method. Numerical cases well validate the accuracy of this model in predicting transverse shear stress fields by constitutive relations. Furthermore, numerical analysis and discussion demonstrate that the FG-GRC sandwich plate with GPL distribution pattern [Formula: see text] shows the highest bending stiffness in most cases and the smallest value of maximum transverse shear stresses in GRC layers within full range of matrix modulus, core thickness, graphene weight ratio and side-to-thickness ratio.
Optimizing third party funding to alleviate global drug resistance: A game-theoretic modeling approach
Authors: Malik Bhawna , Oraby Tamer , Tyshenko Michael G. , Bhattacharyya Samit
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that human movement, including international travel and mass forced population displacement, acts as a catalyst for global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. Immigration increases the likelihood of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains being imported into developed countries, particularly from several developing countries with high antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, self-medication, easy access to over-the-counter drugs, promiscuous use, and lax oversight all contribute to an increase in antibiotic use in most lower-middle- and middle-income countries. It leads to antimicrobial resistance and an increased health burden, particularly in high-income countries. Third-party funding agencies are working to reduce the global antimicrobial resistance burden. Understanding the complex system of antibiotic overuse, third-party funding, and cross-border transmission of antimicrobial-resistant strains is a critical task for public health policymakers. In this study, a modeling framework is developed using a combination of epidemiological and game theory methods. This framework aims to describe the phenomenon of migration between countries, specifically focusing on the movement between developing and developed nations. Additionally, the framework incorporates the analysis of self-medication behavior within the developing population. Simulations of the model are conducted, followed by a sensitivity analysis, in order to investigate the influence of various parameters on the optimal funding amount. Our findings indicate that the total cost due to treatment of infection and funding is a convex function of the amount of third-party assistance. This means that there is an optimal level of funding in place to keep the total cost of antimicrobial resistance as low as possible. The sensitivity analyses in relation to various epidemiological and behavioral parameters indicate that the optimal fund is highly dependent on the other parameters of the system. Third-party assistance may be required, as predicted, to reduce the amount of self-medication, but it is only beneficial up to a certain point. These findings result in useful policy recommendations as well as intriguing new research directions.
Listing the subsets of Xn to build a (minimal) quasi-idempotent generating set of In,r
Authors: Bugay Leyla
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the symmetric inverse semigroup on the finite chain [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. A quasi-idempotent element is an element [Formula: see text] with the property that [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we obtain a useful method by listing the subsets of [Formula: see text] to build a (minimal) quasi-idempotent generating set of [Formula: see text] both as a semigroup and also as an inverse semigroup for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Do Export Controls Pay Off in the Long Term? A Study of Trade Bans in Great Power Crises
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang
Published: October 2024

The confrontation between China and the United States in the international economic and trade field has been gradually evolving into a much wider one between China and the Western world at large. In the escalating technological confrontation between China and the United States, Beijing has chosen export controls on gallium and germanium as a means of retaliation against U.S. export controls on advanced chips to China. However, whether it is oil, gas, gallium, germanium, or rare earths, export controls on these natural resources can only have a visible effect in the short term and may not achieve the political objectives intended by the sanctioners. With continued advances in resource extraction technology, the ongoing exploration of alternative resources, and the increasingly important role played by the price adjustment mechanisms, the export control on natural resources may not produce a sanctionary effect of stranglehold in the long run. After the Group of Seven (G-7) Hiroshima Summit, the confrontation landscape between China and the West has been further established, and the geopolitics in the world has entered a new era in which global economic growth faces greater uncertainty. Only multilateralism and global cooperation can promote the long-term prosperity of the world economy.
Computational molecular dynamic analysis of the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Aluko Olanrewaju
Published: October 2024

The mechanical properties of nanocomposites depend on the interfacial characteristics between the reinforcements and the matrix, but these interfacial behaviours and the associated molecular structures need more understanding. This study investigates the impact of diameter and chirality of carbon nanotube (CNT) and temperature on the interfacial interaction, bonding, and pullout energy, as well as the shear strength between CNT and epoxy, using molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular mechanics (MM). The modelling technique utilised a reactive force field (ReaxFF) and a new high-throughput approach to pullout energy calculations that provide an understanding of the interfacial behaviours of CNT/epoxy composites. The analyses showed that these interfacial energies and the shear strength increase with temperature. In addition, the smaller the diameter of CNT, which is a function of chirality, the greater is the interfacial bonding and shear strength. While interfacial interaction and pullout energy increase with CNT diameter.
Structure-Based Design of Potential anti-Dengue Compounds against the Envelope Glycoprotein of Dengue 2 Virus
Authors: Hanson George , Asmah Nana Effiansah , Adzagbo Millicent Abena , Nyarko Gifty Adobea , Bronii Emmanuel , Wilson Michael D. , Kwofie Samuel K.
Published: October 2024

The spread of dengue fever has resulted in several deaths for which no drug is currently efficacious. A potential target for the development of an antiviral drug that prevents conformational changes and interferes with membrane fusion is the Dengue [Formula: see text]-OG binding pocket. This study aimed to identify potential natural product leads with the propensity to inhibit the envelope protein. Three known inhibitors (DV2419-447, NITD449 and Doxycycline) and 43,465 compounds compiled from naturally derived product libraries comprising AfroDb, NANPDB and TCMID were screened against the envelope protein’s energy-minimized structure as an integrated library. After the molecular docking studies involving 7200 prefiltered compounds and three known inhibitors using AutoDock Vina, 620 top-identified hits were physiochemically and pharmacologically profiled using SwissADME. Compared with reported potent inhibitors, the lead compounds were shown to have better binding affinities greater than −8.6 kcal/mol. Four predicted lead compounds comprising ZINC000014721518, ZINC000005195832, ZINC000014819293 and ZINC000004102396 were identified to interact with Thr48, Leu198 and Gln49, which are critical residues in the inhibition of membrane fusion. All the potential leads were predicted to be antiviral and membrane permeability inhibitors with Pa > 0.300 and Pa > 0.500, respectively. ZINC000014756860, ZINC000014819293 and ZINC000003871358 were predicted to be viral entry inhibitors. Structurally similar compounds have been shown to inhibit Dengue virus (DENV) replication. In-depth molecular dynamics simulations, including MM/PBSA computations, further substantiated the protein–ligand complexes’ stability and favorable binding mechanisms with residues Leu198, Ile270, Thr48 and Phe193. Further experimental evaluation is needed to understand their role in inhibiting DENV viral entry.
Understanding the Role of AI in Helping University Students Manage Their Psychological Wellbeing
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ananya
Published: October 2024

University students face numerous challenges in maintaining their psychological wellbeing. How can we leverage emerging AI tools and algorithms to help them navigate these challenges?
Do I Have a Say in This, or Has ChatGPT Already Decided for Me?
Authors: Padiyath Aadarsh
Published: October 2024

It's not just about LLMs, it's about us too.
Audio-visual Saliency Prediction Model with Implicit Neural Representation
Authors: Zhang Nana , Xiong Min , Zhu Dandan , Zhu Kun , Zhai Guangtao , Yang Xiaokang
Published: October 2024

With the remarkable advancement of deep learning techniques and the wide availability of large-scale datasets, the performance of audio-visual saliency prediction has been drastically improved. Actually, audio-visual saliency prediction is still at an early exploration stage due to the spatial-temporal signal complexity and dynamic continuity of video content. To our knowledge, most existing audio-visual saliency prediction approaches usually represent videos as 3D grid of RGB values using discrete convolution neural networks (CNNs), which inevitably incurs video content-agnostic and ignores the dynamic continuity issues. This paper proposes a novel parametric audio-visual saliency (PAVS) model with implicit neural representation (INR) to address the aforementioned problems. Specifically, by using the proposed parametric neural network, we can effectively encode the space-time coordinates of video frames into corresponding saliency values, which can significantly enhance the compact feature representation ability. Meanwhile, a parametric feature fusion method is developed to achieve intrinsic interactions between audio and visual information streams, which can adaptively fuse audio and visual features to obtain competitive performance. Notably, without resorting to any specific audio-visual feature fusion strategy, the proposed PAVS model outperforms other state-of-the-art saliency methods by a large margin.
Saving the Health Care Safety Net: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Chatterjee Paula
Published: October 2024

The health care safety net provides essential clinical care and social services for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured populations in the United States. Despite these important functions, the health care safety net has experienced recurrent financial instability, growing market pressures, and workforce strain. Payment reform has also introduced unique challenges for safety net providers related to measuring and reaching quality benchmarks. A common theme among these challenges is that many of them result from applying standard health policy approaches to the safety net instead of using safety net–specific approaches. This review describes progress toward strengthening the safety net, key challenges, and opportunities moving forward.
Effects of Sodium Chloride on PEMFC Durability at a Concentration Close to that of a Marine Environment
Authors: Briand Axel , Henfling Stefan , Lamard Marie , Retière Clément , Mariage Nicolas , Rosini Sébastien , Auvity Bruno
Published: October 2024

The marine application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) requires special attention due to sea salt aerosols and atmospheric pollutants, susceptible to degrade these systems and induce performance losses. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the performance losses of PEMFCs due to sodium chloride (NaCl) pollution similar to that of the marine environment. A 641 h ageing test with a NaCl concentration in air of 120 μg.m‒3 was carried out on a five cells stack of 220 cm2. The results reveal a key mechanism for reversible performance loss, namely the deposition of salt particles in the channels and on the surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL). This can lead to the complete shutdown of a cell. Nonetheless, this contamination did not induce significant irreversible performance losses as the restarts of the stack cause the salt particles to dissolve. An overall degradation rate of 8 μV·h‒1, similar to that of the baseline without NaCl contamination, is observed.
Quasi-Homogeneous Bromine Phase in Zinc-Bromine Batteries with Advanced Energy Efficiency and Energy Density
Authors: Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Qing , Chen Ze , Li Pei , Hong Hu , Cui Huilin , Liang Guojin , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2024

Regarding energy density, kinetics, and reversibility, the zinc-bromine batteries (ZBBs) exhibit advantages comparable to the conventional metal hydride nickel batteries as aqueous systems. However, the development of ZBBs has been impeded by two critical challenges: the self-discharge of Br-Br species cross-over and the short circuit caused by zinc dendrites. Achieving high energy density necessitates a large areal capacity electrode and tight battery assembly, which introduces additional hurdles. Addressing these challenges, we have successfully implemented a novel quasi-homogeneous bromine phase. Our optimized approach has realized ZBBs with a remarkable energy efficiency (EE) of 92.7% based on an areal capacity of 12 mA h cm−2 in a period duration of 13 h, an energy density of whole battery (EDB) of 80 W h l−1 with average EE of 92.5% for an extended cycle life of approximately 500 cycles, and a maximum EDB of 186 W h l−1 without pre-added zinc metal. This innovative work holds practical significance for developing ZBBs and providing insights and solutions to critical challenges.
Effects of Distance, Temperature, and Relative Humidity on the Irradiance of Ultraviolet‐C Germicidal Lamp: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Wu Yu , Wang Yuqi , Liu Jinyang , Xu Xinyang , Song Youwen , Zhang Xiaorong , Jiang Lili , Chen Peng
Published: October 2024

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) as an engineering control against pathogenic microbes necessitates a clear understanding of operational parameters and environmental effects on inactivation rates. Here, we investigated the variation laws of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiance under the influence of distance, ambient conditions of temperature, and relative humidity (RH) in a dark chamber using 30‐W low‐pressure mercury lamps, and all data were analyzed with curve fitting methods. UV‐C irradiances in each plane were measured as the distance adjusting between 0.5 and 1.2 m, and a threshold of 70 μW/cm2 was utilized to calculate the effective irradiation area. For the temperature and RH, UV‐C irradiances were measured at 1 m perpendicular from the lamp axis at the lamp midpoint, with the ambient temperature increasing from 15.5°C to 40°C and RH adjusting from 10% to 97%. Results showed that the UV‐C irradiance and effective irradiation area exhibited a notable decrease as the distance increased, both corresponded to polynomial 2nd order fits. The UV‐C lamps operate at maximum efficiency at 20°C. Temperature above or below the optimum value will decrease UV output, especially when the ambient temperature exceeds 38°C and the irradiance decreases by 16% compared to the observed maximum. However, the impact of RH on radiant power is negligible with the UV‐C irradiance maintaining an overall steady state (84–91 μW/cm2) in the 10%–97% RH range. The use of the measurement and modeling techniques demonstrated in this study may help understand various ambient conditions that influence the irradiance of UV‐C and improve reliability and working performance of UVGI systems through better design.
Dynamic Changes in Physicochemical Properties, Amino Acid Content, and Flavour‐Related Substances During Fortified Fermentation of Rice Wine With Saccharomycopsis fibuligera
Authors: Bian Minghong , Fang Yuli , Yang Suhong , Yuan Tianmeng , Zhou Xianjiang , Xu Qiang , Jiang Dongcai , Han Baolin
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the quality of rice wine has been greatly improved by multibacterial fermentation. In this study, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Sf) was selected as the experimental material to perform intensive fermentation of northeastern round glutinous rice (Db) and Yunzihong No. 23 (Zh). Anqi rice wine koji (Rl) served as the fermenting agent. The differences in the quality of rice wine before and after the addition of snap capsule‐covering yeast were compared by determining the dynamic changes in the physicochemical properties, amino acids, and flavour‐related compounds during rice wine fermentation. The results showed that adding Sf significantly (p < 0.05) increased the contents of alcohol, organic acids, and amino acids and imparted a new characteristic flavour to rice wine, resulting in more intense caramel and vinegar flavours. Overall, these results offer baseline information for using Sf in rice wine fermentation.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Kidney Function and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Alcala Karine , Zahed Hana , Cortez Cardoso Penha Ricardo , Alcala Nicolas , Robbins Hilary A. , Smith-Byrne Karl , Martin Richard M. , Muller David C. , Brennan Paul , Johansson Mattias
Published: October 2024

Supplemental figure 4 shows the estimated 5-years risk of RCC with eGFRcreat-cystC by combination of common risk factors across ages, by sex.
Table 1 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Serum stability of STI-8811 in rat, cynomolgus monkey, and human serum determined by the percentage of payload release over 21 days (n = 3)
Figure 3 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Mechanism-of-action of STI-8811. A, Cell-cycle assay in NCI-H929 (left) and K562 (right) cell lines following 72 hours of treatment at 1 nmol/L. Bar height showing the percentage of cell population in each cell-cycle phase (n = 2). B, Caspase 3/7 apoptosis reporter assay on NCI-H929 (left) and K562 (right) cell lines after 48 hours of treatment. Bar height indicating the level of caspase 3/7 activation measured by relative light units (n = 4), ****, P < 0.0001. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. C, Bystander assay showing the percentage cell population in each stage of apoptosis as measured by annexin V binding and PI staining after 72 hours of incubation. NCI-H929 monoculture (left), cFSE-labelled K562 (cFSE-K562) monoculture (middle), and cFSE-K562 viability in coculture with NCI-H929 (left; n = 2). Av, annexin V; RLU, relative light unit.