bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Alstonia Boonei on Liver Enzymes and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity on Formalin- Induced Arthritic Wistar Rats
Authors: Valentine Egho Eseoghene , Oyakhire Mr  Fidelis , Ogie Enehizena Osaro , Obi Harrison Nnamdi , Ochannah Promise Bassey , Asiriuwa Irabonosa , Okafor Chinedu Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

The anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei on the level of liver biomarker in the plasma of normal and arthritic rats was evaluated using the formalin-induced arthritis inflammation tests. Thirty (30) adult female Wister rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group 1  as control, group 2(formalin induced group) while groups 3, 4 and 5 were respectively gavage with 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg  and 600mg/kg body weight of the extract daily while group 6 was given reference drug( 5mg/kg body weight of indomethacin for 5 days). After formalin treatment, the paw thickness in formalin-induced group was increased compared with control group. The levels of TNF-alpha, CRP, liver enzymes were increased with severe chronic inflammation sign at histopathologically observation. The animals were sacrificed 24hours after the end of treatments, the skin sample of the right paw was taken for TNF alpha  evaluation and blood samples  were obtained for assay of the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and C-reactive protein(CRP). Liver enzymes were determined using colorimetric methods while TNFalpha and CRP was determined using ELISA technique. Oral administration of the extract produced significant anti-edematogenic, anti-inflammatory activity and dramatic reduction in liver enzymes, TNF alpha and CRP with a dose of 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg throughout the period of the experiment. This effect of A.boonei at 300mg/kg was  similar to  indomethacin group which showed a highly significant (p<0.05) inhibition compared to control group.The result of this study suggests that aqueous extract of A. boonei possesses chronic anti-inflammatory activity which may be mediated by either inhibition or by blocking the release of prostaglandins, histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF alpha),which suggest that  Alstonia boonei is an alternatve approach for treatment of chronic inflammatory disease, thus supporting its usage for anti- inflammatory treatment and  potential effect to resuscitate the hepatocytes.
Relationships between vaccination, age, and mortality in the COVID-19 intensive care patients
Authors: DEMİR İsmail , YILMAZ Rasim Selçuk , KÖSE Betül , ÖZKARAKAŞ Hüseyin , ÇALIK Şebnem
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of vaccination on age, mortality, and healthcare workers among patients followed in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit.
Methods: We examined age, gender, occupation, demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, hemogram, biochemistry parameters, coagulation tests, morbidity–mortality characteristics of 548 patients in Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital COVID-19 intensive care unit admitted between March and October 2021. In addition, the vaccination status of the patients and the type of vaccination were recorded via the Ministry of Health Vaccine Tracking System (VTS). Within the vaccine follow-up system, patients who received at least 2 doses of vaccine 4 weeks prior to study were considered vaccinated.
Results: The data of 548 patients in the COVID-19 intensive care unit between March 2021 and October 2021 were analyzed. The mortality rate was 50.7% (n = 278). It was determined that 428 (78.1%) of the patients followed in the COVID-19 intensive care unit were not vaccinated. In terms of age distribution, the number of patients under the age of 65 was 357 (65.1%), while the number of patients aged 65 and over was 191 (34.9%). When mortality rates were compared based on vaccination status, the mortality rate in the unvaccinated group was found to be statistically significantly higher than in the vaccinated group (p < 0.05). Mortality rate in the vaccinated group was 12.5% whereas it was 61.4% in the unvaccinated group.
Conclusions: Vaccination to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces intensive care unit admission and reduces mortality rates. Being unvaccinated increases hospitalization and mortality in intensive care units in addition to carrying risks for all age groups.
A human sui generis: Philo’s Life of Moses
Authors: Sterling Gregory E.
Published: October 2022

Philo focused on human characters in his writings as a means of illustrating the cultivation of virtue. The greatest figure for Philo was Moses. In his
De vita Moysis
, he signalled the structure with prefaces, summaries and transitional statements to highlight the unique character of Moses. A careful reading of these statements suggests that there was a gap of time between the composition of
Mos.
1 and 2. Philo appears to have changed his plan as he neared the completion of book 1 and eventually decided to present Moses under multiple titles, a plan that he did not work out until he began book 2. His final decision to present him as a king, legislator, high priest and prophet is unparalleled in Jewish sources and makes Moses a human
sui generis
.
A Roman army veteran in the Sepphoris necropolis
Authors: Ecker Avner
Published: October 2022

Photos from the IAA Scientific Archive (1918–48) capture an unpublished funerary inscription from Sepphoris. The inscription records a certain Gaius Iulius Paulus, veteran of the Roman army. This is the first publication of the text. It argues that within the necropoleis of predominantly Jewish cities the deceased should be considered Jewish unless proven otherwise. Consequently, it asks whether or not this veteran is a Jew, and how this inscription reflects upon Jewish society in Sepphoris in the second and third centuries CE.
Arendt and Deutscher on heresy and identity
Authors: Sharvit Gilad
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the constitutive role of heresy in Jewish modernity. Heresy – defined here in terms of assimilation – is commonly considered destructive to Jewish tradition. I, however, examine Hannah Arendt’s works on the model of the Jewish pariah and Isaac Deutscher’s notion of the non-Jewish Jew to identify a model in which heresy gives structure to a new, modern Jewish tradition. In Deutscher, the analysis shows, this tradition of heresy suggests a universal world-view that eventually empties Judaism of any particular content. Arendt, on the other hand, connects the possibility of Jewish particularity in the present with her ideal of the pariah-as-heretic. Heresy reflects neither assimilation nor rejection of Judaism but rather offers a new foundation for Jewish particularity. The argument shows how the heresy of the pariah is also foundational to early formulations of Arendt’s politics of plurality.
Efectos del confinamiento en el hogar debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 en el consumo en pacientes en tratamiento en un programa de deshabituación de alcohol
Authors: Arias Horcajadas Francisco , Marín Marta , Prieto Raquel , López-Trabada José Ramón , Parra Alba , Sanz Pedro , Guerrero Yolanda , Delgado Patricia , González Lourdes , Sáiz Nazaret , Suárez de Figueroa Sandra , Villalba Antonio , Rubio Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Durante la pandemia producida por la infección por el Covid-19 se produjeron una serie de cambios sociosanitarios excepcionales para evitar su propagación como el confinamiento en el hogar y la supresión de los servicios asistenciales sanitarios habituales. Se consideró que estos cambios podrían implicar un incremento en el consumo de alcohol y un mayor riesgo de recaídas para los pacientes en tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar los cambios en el consumo durante el período de confinamiento (marzo a mayo de 2020) en los pacientes en tratamiento en el programa de alcohol del Hospital Doce de Octubre de Madrid. Fueron valorados 311 pacientes mediante entrevista telefónica dentro de la práctica clínica habitual durante ese período. Un 76 % de los pacientes no presentaron cambios en su situación de consumo, un 9,2% de estos cesaron en el consumo, algunos de ellos con cuadros de abstinencia graves, y un 7,5% recayeron. El sexo femenino, el consumo en solitario o en el hogar, en atracón, o el de otras drogas de forma concomitante y el no estar en terapia grupal o no asistir a grupos de las asociaciones de ayuda mutua por videoconferencia durante el confinamiento fueron factores predictores de mal pronóstico. Un 31,6% presentó alteraciones psicopatológicas debidas al confinamiento, sobre todo, aquellos pacientes con comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Por lo tanto, en situaciones similares a esta, la mayoría de los pacientes en tratamiento no modifican el patrón de consumo, pero, ciertas características identifican un subgrupo de sujetos más vulnerables.
¿Es posible crear la adecuada sensación de riesgo entre los consumidores de cannabis medicinal?
Authors: Ramos Atance Jose Antonio , Arias Horcajadas Francisco
Published: October 2022

Es cada vez mayor el número de investigaciones relacionadas con las posibles aplicaciones terapéuticas de los cannabinoides. Aunque en algunas enfermedades los resultados obtenidos son esperanzadores, la investigación en desarrollo está en sus etapas iniciales. Para algunos síntomas se ha probado la efectividad medicinal de los cannabinoides. Pero, en muchos casos no se dispone todavía de la adecuada evidencia al respecto, ni son suficientes los datos existentes sobre los riesgos asociados al consumo de cannabis medicinal.
Understanding how alcohol environment influences youth drinking: A concept mapping study among university students
Authors: Teixidó-Compañó Ester , Sureda Xisca , Bosque-Prous Marina , Villalbí Joan R. , Puigcorbé Susanna , Colillas-Malet Ester , Franco Manuel , Espelt Albert
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors.
Policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis: Relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en adolescentes de la Catalunya Central-Proyecto DESKcohort
Authors: Codinach-Danés Eva , Obradors-Rial Núria , González-Casals Helena , Bosque-Prous Marina , Folch Cinta , Colom Joan , Espelt Hernàndez Albert
Published: October 2022

El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y ver su relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en los adolescentes escolarizados de la Catalunya Central en el curso 2019-2020. Estudio transversal con una muestra de 7.319 estudiantes, que contestaron un cuestionario auto administrado. Las variables dependientes fueron el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo. Las variables independientes principales fueron la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo. Para el análisis de prevalencia se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes, y se usó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, obteniendo Razones de Prevalencia. La prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis fue de 3,5% y del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo 2,5%. En los chicos, cursar un curso académico superior (4º de ESO (RPa: 3,88; IC95%:2,14-7,05) vs. CFGM (RPa: 8,67; IC95%:4,51-16,67), tener peor salud autopercibida (RPa: 4,79; IC95%:3,24-7,08) y un peor estado de ánimo (RPa: 1,47; IC95%:1,05-2,08) actúan como factores asociados con el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis. En chicas y por consumo de riesgo de cannabis siguen un patrón similar. Entre las principales conclusiones observamos que no hay diferencias en la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en el policonsumo de tabaco con cannabis y con cannabis de riesgo, por lo que deben existir estrategias de reducción de riesgos tanto si el consumo de cannabis es puntual como si el consumo de cannabis es problemático.
Beneficios de la atención telefónica durante la pandemia covid19 en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con alcoholismo y otras adicciones
Authors: Monras Miquel , Nuño Laura , Lopez-Lazcano Ana , Escribano-Saiz Clara , Del Valle Queralt , Lligoña Anna
Published: October 2022

La pandemia por covid19 ha generado muchas publicaciones acerca de su influencia en el tratamiento y evolución de personas con un trastorno por uso de sustancias, con resultados contradictorios, a veces basadas en datos y otras en inferencias indirectas de otros datos. En este trabajo se estudia la adherencia y tasas de abstinencia de pacientes que inician tratamiento en una Unidad de Conductas Adictivas durante la pandemia, respecto a otros que acudieron el año previo y comparando los que hicieron visita presencial o telefónica. Los resultados indicaron mejor adherencia al mes de seguimiento en los pacientes del periodo covid19 y en los que fueron atendidos telefónicamente. A los 3 y 12 meses se mantuvo una mejor adherencia, aunque no significativa estadísticamente. Respecto a la abstinencia, el pequeño tamaño de la muestra dificultó obtener diferencias significativas. Se concluye que la pandemia, aunque ha significado una disminución del número de inicios de tratamientos por consumo de sustancias, también ha repercutido en una mayor adherencia a corto y medio plazo. La atención telefónica puede jugar un papel importante y positivo en este aspecto, complementario a otros recursos e intervenciones.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Resiliensi dan Minat Belajar di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa SMA Islam Al-Azhar Kelapa Gading Jakarta
Authors: Rianto Hadi , Ellis Salsabila  , Tian Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2022

Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan dasar dalam matematika yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. Akan tetapi penguasaan siswa terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis siswa masih rendah. Berdasarkan penelitian PISA 2018 disampaikan sebanyak 28% siswa Indonesia masih di level 2 serta hanya 1% saja siswa Indonesia yang berada di level 5. Kemudian kondisi ini diperparah dengan menyebarnya virus Covid-19 sehingga pembelajaran harus dilaksanakan secara jarak jauh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi secara emipiris tentang kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang ditinjau dari kemampuan resiliensi dan minat belajar siswa SMA Islam Al-Azhar Kelapa Gading Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei-analitik dimana data-data didapatakan dari hasil kuisioner dan test. Kuisioner dan test yang diberikan kepada responden sudah valid dan reliabel. Sampel penelitian diambil dari populasi siswa kelas XI Jurusan IPA dan IPS SMA Islam Al-Azhar Kelapa Gading Jakarta tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Responden berjumlah 48 siswa Jurusan IPA dan 34 siswa Jurusan IPS dengan teknik simple random sampling. Berdasaarkan hasil analisis regresi linear berganda maka hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pengaruh kemampuan resiliensi dan minat belajar siswa jurusan IPA terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematisnya adalah tidak signifikan. Sedangkan pengaruh kemampuan resiliensi dan minat belajar siswa jurusan IPS terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematisnya adalah signfikan dengan kontribusi 21,1% serta taraf signifikansinya 5%.
Pembudayaan Literasi Numerasi dalam Kegiatan Inti Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Rahmayanti Danica Zerlinda , Sutama
Published: October 2022

Numerical literacy skills are needed in all aspects of life, both in education, work and society. Numerical literacy continues to grow so that it requires humans to continue to adapt in various aspects of education. Numerical literacy is seen as an evolution and is used as a foundation for the development of education in Indonesia so that the cultivation of numeracy literacy is very important. The research objectives in this article are twofold. 1) Describe controlled training of numeracy literacy culture groups in core activities. 2) Describe the independent training of numeracy literacy culture in core activities. The type of research used by the researcher is qualitative research. This research was carried out on students of SMP Negeri 1 Matesih. The research was conducted from May to September 2022. The research subjects were seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Matesih. Data collection techniques were carried out by collecting documents, collecting theories, interviewing mathematics teachers, direct observation and giving questionnaires. Data validity by triangulation. Data analysis techniques using two ways, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. There are two research results in this article. 1) Controlled training of numeracy literacy culture groups in core activities is carried out with open discussions during mathematics learning.  2) Independent training of numeracy literacy culture in core activities is carried out by giving independent assignments as an exercise. The teacher gives several tasks to support the level of students' understanding of a material.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif berbasis Android dengan Model Discovery Learning pada Materi Teorema Pythagoras Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Jakarta
Authors: Novelina Santoso Anisa , Ellis Salsabila  , Haeruman Leny Dhianti
Published: October 2022

Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis android menggunakan adobe animate cc dengan model discovery learning pada materi teorema pythagoras untuk siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau research and development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Hasil penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran ini memperoleh persentase kelayakan melalui proses uji validasi oleh para ahli dan uji coba kelompok kecil dan besar oleh siswa dan guru yaitu sebagai berikut, uji validasi oleh para ahli materi dan bahasa didapat persentase sebesar 91%, uji validasi oleh para ahli media didapat persentase sebesar 83%, uji coba kelompok kecil didapat persentase sebesar 98%, dan uji coba kelompok besar didapat persentase sebesar 96%. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut didapatkan rata-rata persentase sebesar 92% atau dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis android dengan model discovery learning pada materi teorema pythagoras ini sangat layak untuk dimanfaatkan dan digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk siswa kelas VIII SMP.
IoT-Based Car Monitoring Engine Mounting Design
Authors: Rizaldi Dwiki Maulana , Wisaksono Arief , Saputra Dwi Hadidjaja Rasjid , Ahfas Akhmad
Published: October 2022

Vehicle technicians in checking the condition of the car's engine mounting do it manually, namely, through sight and hearing. This kind of manual method often makes an error in diagnosing engine mounting damage, because each individual has a different level of hearing and vision sensitivity. This research aims to make it easier for technicians to check the feasibility level of engine mounting with accurate data. This tool is based on IoT technology, where the reading of graphs from sensors in analyzing engine mounting damage using a website display and a 20 x 4 LCD. For its data storage with MySQL Database. In its working principle, it uses the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm method, in order to distinguish between engine mounting that is still good and damaged. Graph readings based on normal and abnormal range data from the data retrieval of the engine mounting of the new unit car. The vibration sensor used is the ADXL345 and also several other sensors such as the temperature sensor (MLX90614) and the sound sensor (KY-037). It uses the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller and the Esp8266 NodeMCU as a data sender to the server. Tests were carried out on cars in idling conditions of 1000-1300 rpm. From the results of the study produced standard feasibility for vibrations from 3 axes (x = 1.60 ; y = 1.60 ; z = 1.90), temperature = 30 °C, Sound = 71 dB.
Development Web Based 2D Education Game “Algo The Savior”
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Sultonul , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: October 2022

Basic programming is one of the most difficult learning subjects to learn because it requires skills in understanding the logic in a program, that's why teachers are required to use various alternative methods in learning about basic programming. One of the methods used is to use educational games. Based on these problems, the researcher intends to conduct research with the aim of making a basic programming educational game using Construct 2 application and the FSM (Finite State Machine) method, this game will be designed and created with the hope that this educational game that has been developed can provide convenience in learning basic programming subjects. The final result of this research is a prototype of an educational game entitled “Algo The Savior” which can be run with a web operating system.
Women’s Clothing Application by Using Waterfall Method in the Form of Website of Rafika Modes UMKM
Authors: Rafi Syahrul Ibnu , Indahyanti Uce
Published: October 2022

This research is the existence of problems in the scope of the sales information system. The problem is in the form of inefficient and widespread in marketing the products of this women's clothing UMKM. This is because the owner of UMKM does not understand the current technology. So that the sales results are less able to compete with other UMKM in the society. The existence of this women's clothing sales application makes it easier to market products and expand customer reach. In this paper, the writer uses the waterfall development model which an approach to software development that determines the stages of making a website from software requirements analysis, design, program code making, testing and support or maintenance. The web-based women's clothing sales application can make it easier for UMKM owner Rafika Modes to sell products that have been produced and provide reports for what products are sold. The application is in the form of web, so the user is more flexible to open the application with any devices.
Design of a Web-Based Letter Submission Application at the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
Authors: Santosa Fahmi Anggara , Rosid Mochamad Alfan
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to design a website for the submission of a cover letter which is intended to facilitate the making of a cover letter for students of the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. The method used in building this system is the waterfall method which starts from designing a system to make it easier to build the system and then collects data using observations to the administration of the faculty of science and technology in the form of letters that are often requested by students. The results of this system show that the system is able to run well, students can print letters that have been validated by the faculty admin, and letter files can be stored neatly in the faculty database. From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that this system can help students and admins in processing the submission of cover letters.
Design of Intravenous Fluid Monitoring in Inpatients Based on Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Yulianto Riski , Sumarno
Published: October 2022

Infusion is a medical device that is used to replace lost body fluids or nutrients in some emergency or urgent situations, such as in patients who are dehydrated, unable to digest food by mouth, replaced by intravenous fluids, as for some disorders that usually occur such as blockage of fluids that cause effects. The type of research used is quantitative research with experimental methods. Methods of data collection using the method of observation, interviews, and literature study. The data source of this research uses the Research Library. The data processing methods of this research are reduction and coding. The analysis used is quantitative data analysis. The system built can make it easier for medical users to control infusion fluids in real time (24 hours). The results of this study are sending data every 10-12 seconds, and auto refresh on the blynk application every 5 seconds with a measurement error percentage of 2.25 from the results of manual measurements and sending notifications to smartphones if the volume of infusion fluid is below 6 MM as much as 70x. So that in this prototype the data sharing process was successfully carried out because the ultrasonic data and the temperature of Mlx90614 for infusion fluids were successfully stored in the Blynk database via Arduino Wemos D1R2.
CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY UNDER THE STATE THEORY OF MONEY: A PRELIMINARY LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Indrawati Fransiska Ari
Published: October 2022

Innovations in digital payments have triggered many central banks to apprehend and consider central bank digital currency (CBDC). CBDC is believed to be the next milestone in the evolution of money because many studies have shown the significant advantages of using government-issued digital currency. However, to function as money, CBDC must fulfil the fundamental role of money, among others, contended by the state theory of money. This paper addresses the applicability of the state theory of money to CBDC as digital money, which is prefaced by the discussion on money as legal tender and the theory of sovereign power over money. After analysing these theories, this paper offers a preliminary legal analysis of CBDC, mainly from the perspective of Indonesian law. This paper concludes that the concept of CBDC as money and legal tender may fulfil the notion of money under the state theory of money and can serve as legal tender. Applying this theory to CBDC and assuming CBDC is used as legal tender, the State should create a legal framework to regulate CBDC as a valid medium of exchange and legal tender. However, it is also acknowledged that various designs of CBDC must be supported by different legal environments. Furthermore, this paper recommends the preparation of an Indonesian legal ecosystem for CBDC, consisting of a solid regulatory framework and clear legal relationships among relevant parties, that are needed to ensure the legality of the issuance, distribution and transference of CBDC once the design of CBDC is determined. Furthermore, to accommodate the use of CBDC, a thorough assessment of the relevant Indonesian laws should be undertaken relating, among other factors, to the central bank, money, currency, and technology.
DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM ERA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Mery Christian , Kurniawan Nalom
Published: October 2022

Digitalisation has changed, bringing the world in an almost borderless direction, and impacting various fields. Banking law in particular has been disrupted by the rapid development of digitalisation, as well as shifting paradigms of thinking across the banking world. As a result of the digital economy era, conventional banking services have been forced to adapt to the development of the concept of digital constitutionalism. The digital economy era must provide better banking services to guarantee the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights, especially related to the use of technology in banking services. This concept of the digital economy must be able to improve the quality of banking services in terms of ease and speed of access, efficiency, effectiveness, and optimal management of risk. Thus, it is expected that the development of the era of digital constitutionalism in banking law in Indonesia can provide a more optimal guarantee of protection of future constitutional rights protection for its citizens. This study describes the transitional process of the digital constitutionalism era in the development of banking law in Indonesia as a factual condition by using normative juridical research methods and library approaches, as well as comparative approaches. The study finds that the development of the digital constitutionalism era in banking law in Indonesia has progressed rapidly. This progress has benefitted users of banking services, but it also has led to a residual deviant behaviour due to the ease of access to technology.
CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE AND POLICY OUTCOMES: A TRANS-BOUNDARY COMPARISON
Authors: Iksan Muhamad , Konishi Tetsu
Published: October 2022

This paper examines how Central Bank Independence (CB Independence), using a dataset that compiled by Garriga (2016), can explain the policy outcomes. This dataset was mainly compiled from Cukierman’s work (1995). The dataset identifies statutory reforms affecting CB Independence, their direction, and the attributes necessary with the aim of building on previous literature, the most widely used Cukierman, Webb and Neyapti index. The focus of this paper is empirically estimating causal inferences of inflation and economic growth with an explanatory variable of the central bank Independence measures. It has four components including central bank CEOs, central bank objectives, policy formulations and central bank lending limit policies. The second focus of this paper aims to harness the Asia Financial Crisis 1998-1999, as natural experiment to understand effect of crises by using semi-experimental method Difference-In-Difference (DID). Panel data regression and DID are two empirical research methods applied in this research. This paper proposes all four CB Independence measures can explain the inflation; but this paper does not find statistical support for the economic growth. Supported by DID estimation, this paper also estimates the effect of CB Independence to inflation and economic growth for the sample countries before and after the 1998 Asia financial crisis experienced by sample countries. To enrich our historicalinstitutional narrative, this paper underlines narrative under the tale of two countries – Japan and Indonesia as exemplify.
DESIGN AND LEGAL ASPECT OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Handayani Fitri
Published: October 2022

The development of digitalisation in the financial services sector has compelled Bank Indonesia to develop Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). CBDC as a new type of money requires adjustments in terms of applicable laws and regulations. In an attempt to identify the design and legal regulations regarding CBDC, this paper performs a literature review through various related studies carried out internationally and in Indonesia. The novelty of this paper is to apply the rule of law to each selected CBDC design. Based on the study, CBDC design consists of wholesale and retail that can use token or account-based authentication. Then, CBDC transactions can be managed by the central bank or transacted through a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) system. In addition, another CBDC characteristic is based on interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing. The different implementation and selection of CBDC resulted in regulations that needed to be improved. Related to the legal aspect of CBDC in Indonesia, revisions are required to the substance of Law No. 7 of 2011 on Currency which must state that the form of rupiah includes CBDC. Furthermore, other rules that need to be considered are privacy and property laws, DLT, and insolvency law, as well as regulation of competition between CBDC and depository banks.
Maternidad no normativa, violencia y desapariciones forzadas en Casas vacías, de Brenda Navarro
Authors: Leonardo-Loayza Richard
Published: October 2022

Se pretende demostrar que la novela Casas vacías (2020) de Brenda Navarro presenta un cuestionamiento a la noción tradicional de maternidad, la cual asume esta actividad como una cuestión biológica e instintiva, y en la que toda mujer, por el hecho de ser madre, sabe exactamente cómo ejercerla. Dicho cuestionamiento está personificado por la figura de la madre no normativa, quien no puede o no quiere cumplir los mandatos que la sociedad establece para ser considerada una “buena madre”. Asimismo, se desea demostrar que en esta novela se aborda el tema de la violencia en México, pero se pone énfasis en una de sus manifestaciones menos visibles: las desapariciones forzadas. La novela denuncia la situación de abandono que sufren las madres de los desaparecidos por parte de la sociedad y el Estado.
Alucinación, etnografía e identidad en Las tres mitades de Ino Moxo de César Calvo
Authors: Dillon Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Este artículo se propone analizar la novela Las tres mitades de Ino Moxo y otros brujos de la Amazonía (1981), del escritor peruano César Calvo, para problematizar las posibilidades del narrador de dar cuenta de las culturas amazónicas «desde dentro». El análisis se detiene especialmente en los pasajes narrativos referidos a las visiones producidas por la experiencia de la ayahuasca. A partir de las inevitables tensiones entre prosa poética y registro etnográfico, apuntamos también a pensar la inserción del universo amazónico —con sus creencias, mitos y saberes— en la construcción de una identidad peruana atravesada por la noción de heterogeneidad.
Replanteando el concepto de justicia como equidad y velo de ignorancia en John Rawls desde el pluralismo ético
Authors: Huanca-Arohuanca Jesús Wiliam , Barria-Asenjo Nicol A.
Published: October 2022

Examinar la relación entre el concepto de justicia como equidad y velo de ignorancia como lo expuso John Rawls, dentro de la transdisciplinariedad del pluralismo ético, resulta trascendental en tiempos en que la democracia, la libertad y el contrato social son imperceptibles herramientas para la doctrina dominante de la violencia sintetizada como neoliberalismo. Al respecto, se presentan tres derivaciones. La primera analiza la justicia equitativa, considerando que es la primera virtud de las instituciones sociales desde el origen del contrato social desarrollado por Hobbes, Locke y Rousseau, con ciertas modificaciones estructurales. La segunda examina de qué forma la posición original como categoría abstracta debe ser operada bajo el velo de ignorancia, que a su vez está formulada para garantizar la equidad de la justicia. Y la tercera rastrea cómo el pluralismo ético se vuelve una alternativa frente a los vacíos dejados por el filósofo en tratamiento, teniendo en cuenta que cada sociedad cuenta con diferentes sistemas morales para establecer justicia y comprender la categoría de contrato social.
La mujer indígena en el proyecto terapéutico-ilustrado del Perú (1861-1889)
Authors: Cruz Guerrero Dany
Published: October 2022

Se investiga la emergencia del problema de la mujer indígena al horizonte crítico de la mentalidad científica gestora del proyecto emancipador del Perú, como respuesta orgánica a la crisis espiritual, científica, intelectual y ético-política que es la consecuencia natural del derruimiento del arcaico régimen colonial en el Perú y la región andina. Se discute, en consecuencia, los aspectos histórico-formativo, epistemológico, semántico-resignificador, constructivo y actitudinal que intervienen en la formulación científica de dicho problema. Se explica, pues, el proceso crítico a través del cual la mujer indígena llega a ser protagonista en los estudios de la crítica y, sobre todo, productora de discurso y, por consiguiente, de crítica discursiva. Se concluye que la integración de la mujer indígena a la ciudadanía peruana sigue siendo un desafío actual y vigente.
Prácticas y percepciones docentes para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de habilidades del siglo XXI
Authors: Sepulveda Felipe , Wolf María Constanza , Caro Carlos
Published: October 2022

Se examinan las prácticas de aula y percepciones docentes relacionadas con el fomento del desarrollo de habilidades del siglo XXI. Los datos son analizados considerando la categoría de desempeño escolar y el tipo de programa de enseñanza (Científico-Humanista y Técnica-Profesional). Se recogió información proveniente de 194 docentes que se desempeñaban en 13 establecimientos educativos de las regiones de Ñuble y Biobío, Chile. Los resultados evidencian diferencias significativas en relación con las prácticas docentes analizadas, donde la colaboración, pensamiento crítico, creatividad, uso de tecnologías y autodirección son las habilidades que más se trabajan en el aula. Adicionalmente se encuentra que los establecimientos de categorías de desempeño Alto y Medio presentan un promedio significativamente mayor en comparación a los centros de categoría Medio-Bajo en términos de las prácticas docentes incluidas en el estudio. Igualmente, se reportan diferencias significativas entre el tipo de programa de enseñanza a la que pertenecían los docentes participantes.
Preferencias hacia la futura formación online entre la juventud española a partir de su experiencia durante la pandemia: un estudio transversal
Authors: Martinez-Roig Rosabel , Lorenzo Álvarez Carolina , Mengual-Andrés Santiago
Published: October 2022

A partir del uso generalizado de formación online durante la pandemia, se hace necesario reflexionar acerca de dicho uso para configurar la educación “pospandemia”. Por ello, nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar las preferencias hacia la formación online futura de la juventud española atendiendo a una serie de variables de clasificación de los participantes (sexo, edad, clase social, nivel de estudios, situación laboral, nacionalidad, hábitat, convivencia e ideología). Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio transversal (N= 1209) a través de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Se han realizado análisis bivariables mediante tablas de contingencia (basados en chi-cuadrado), dado que las variables son nominales, y utilizado el coeficiente de contingencia de Pearson como prueba de significatividad. Los principales resultados indican que los jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años prefieren la modalidad presencial (32,2%) y los de 25 a 29 años, la híbrida (47,5%). Se concluye que, variables como la edad, clase social, situación laboral, hábitat, nivel de estudios, ideología o clima de convivencia, se muestran determinantes a la hora preferir una modalidad de formación u otra. Todo ello puede ayudar a configurar planes de formación basados en aprendizajes personalizados en el contexto educativo posterior a la pandemia.
Estudios STEM y la brecha digital de género en bachillerato
Authors: Hernández Sempere Ismael , Espuny Vidal Cinta
Published: October 2022

La brecha digital de género es entendida como un aspecto que define la falta de presencia femenina dentro del ámbito de las STEM. Por lo que resulta necesario considerar aspectos como el uso de las TIC o la misma competencia digital para determinar su influencia sobre esta infrarrepresentación.

Este trabajo de investigación ha buscado, por medio de un cuestionario de autoevaluación de la competencia digital -INCOTIC 2.0 (González et al., 2018)-, analizar a un total de 423 estudiantes de segundo de bachillerato de diversas comunidades de toda España. Todo ello, con la finalidad principal de determinar si el nivel de competencia digital es una característica determinante de la falta de presencia de las mujeres en el ámbito STEM.

Finalmente, fruto de los resultados obtenidos, comprobaremos aspectos tan relevantes como el hecho de que un mayor uso TIC no equivale a un mayor nivel de competencia digital, o que las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres con respecto a su nivel de competencia digital y los tipos de estudios cursados -presentes y futuros-, indican que están relacionados y que pueden establecer parte de la brecha existente entre ambos géneros.
Demokrasi Patronase dan Praktik Politik Uang: Pengalaman Pemilu Legislatif 2014 di Kota Pelembang, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Mahsun Muhammad
Published: October 2022

This study reveals the practices of money politics which took place in Indonesia’s electoral democracy and political network that helps the working of its parctices. The analysis unit of this study is based on practices of money politics conducted by the candidates in Palembang constituences for the South Sumatera provincial parliament in 2014 legislative election. Using qualitative method and political patronage theory, the important findings of this study reveals that money politics in 2014 legislative election becomes the dominan instrument used by candidates (incumbent and new comers) to mobilize electoral support, rather than ideology and programatic politics of the party and candidates. The practice of money politics is working in networks of political clientelism among candidates, brokers and voters are built through bonds of kinship, frienship and figures
Perkembangan Islam dan Gerakan Politiknya di Malaysia
Authors: Rohman Abdul
Published: October 2022

Islam entered the territory of Malaysia, especially in the Malacca kingdom, through Muslim merchants from India and Arab-Persia around the 7th century AD The broad development took place around the 13th century, with the discovery of inscriptions nuanced by Islam. Islamic political thought and movement was more intensive since the struggle for political compromise to gain independence from British colonialism. The Islamic political movement has a spectacular momentum when the Malaysian Constitution places Islam as the official religion of the state and makes ethnic Malays as a special group (special privileges) over other ethnic groups. The development of Islam is supported by an Islamic political movement that is controlled by political parties holding power, namely UMNO, even though Islam is inclusive and upholds the value of nationalism, its work still prioritizes Islamic values. Opposition parties such as PAS which are more fundamaentalist in their ethical sense have actually been adopted by the ruling party. This means that the two parties benefited the existence of Islam. Referring to the peaceful Islamic political movement in order to uphold the teachings of Islam in Malaysia, both legally and formally and constitutionally and culturally, it can be an inspiration to other Muslim-majority countries.
Ancaman Budaya Pop (Pop Culture) Terhadap Penguatan Identitas Nasional Masyarakat Urban
Authors: Istiqomah Annisa
Published: October 2022

National identity is an understanding of people's identity in an entity that has a common destiny and purpose. National identity is understood as a dynamic condition that is formed due to ethnicity, territorial, linguistic and religious factors. One of the factors that influence the dynamics of national identity is globalization. Globalization is interpreted as the freedom of the world community to develop various aspects of life such as science, technology, values, and culture. The increasingly easy interaction of the global community has an impact on the process of transmitting cultural values across countries such as the development of pop culture in Indonesia. Based on the study of literature by the author, the development of pop culture can have a negative impact on strengthening national identity, especially among urban communities, especially at the age of adolescence. The negative impact of culture is westernized behavior which tends to be pragmatic, hedonistic, and consumptive. Such behavior is certainly very contrary to the ideology of Pancasila so that it becomes a threat to the Indonesian people in strengthening national identity based on Pancasila. Thus, efforts are needed to strengthen the national identity of urban communities especially teenagers through internalization of community cultural values (local wisdom) in various fields of life, filtering of foreign cultures, and multicultural education to strengthen the foundations of each individual so that they are not easily uprooted by their cultural roots
Demokrasi dan Media Sosial: Konstelasi Politik dalam Kreasi Meme
Authors: Sofian Akhriyadi
Published: October 2022

Nowdays digital media especially social media (socmed) has a significant role to disseminate message and information. Socmed with each plattform becomes an effective communication channel through text, video, or picture. And meme is one of the unique communication media in socmed. Creating a meme needs photo or picture which is added short sentence or phrase as a caption to bold the meaning. Multiplication meme in socmed is a must, either duplication or reduplication, therefore very riskful to manipulate information (hoax). Central Java Province have held regional election, and many creation of memes were used by both candidate supporters massively as media campaign to win the election. Many hoax are found in socmed during the election, and also negative and black campaign for sure. This article based on a qualitative research about the meme’s phenomenon of regional election of Central Java Province which was observed in socmed. While discourse theory is used to analyze datas, then we will understand that meme is a visualization of message that has contestation of idea which is argued in virtual space. Sekarang ini media digital khususnya media sosial (medsos) mempunyai peran yang sangat signifikan dalam mendiseminasikan pesan dan informasi. Medsos dengan berbagai platformnya menjadi sebuah saluran komunikasi yang efektif baik itu berupa teks, video, ataupun gambar. Dan meme merupakan salah satu keunikan media komunikasi di medsos. Kreasi meme memerlukan foto ataupun gambar dengan tambahan kalimat pendek atau frasa untuk mempertegas makna. Multiplikasi meme di medsos merupakan suatu keniscayaan, baik berupa duplikasi ataupun reduplikasi, karenanya sangat beresiko untuk memanipulasi informasi (hoax). Pemanfaatan meme secara masif untuk kepentingan politik terlihat pada pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) di Jawa Tengah. Kedua kubu kandidat secara masif memanfaatkan meme sebagai media kampanye untuk memenangkan Pilkada. Berbagai hoax tersebar dalam bentuk meme di medsos selama pergelaran Pilkada: baik itu berupa kampanye negatif maupun kampanye hitam. Artikel ini berbasis pada riset kualitatif mengenai fenomena meme di medsos selama Pilkada Jateng. Teori wacana dipakai oleh peneliti untuk menganalisis data sehingga difahami bahwa meme merupakan visualisasi pesan yang didalamnya mengandung ide yang dikontestasikan di medsos.