bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamical system analysis of Dirac-Born-Infeld scalar field cosmology in coincident f(Q) gravity*
Authors: Ghosh Sayantan , Solanki Raja , Sahoo P.K.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we present a dynamical system analysis of a Dirac-Born-Infeld scalar field in a modified

gravity context. We considered a polynomial form of modified gravity, used two different types of scalar potential, polynomial and exponential, and found a closed autonomous dynamical system of equations. We analyzed the fixed points of such a system and evaluated the conditions under which deceleration to late-time acceleration occurs in this model. We note the similarity of the two models and show that our result is consistent with a previous study on Einstein's gravity. We also investigated the phenomenological implications of our models by plotting EoS (ω), energy density (Ω), and deceleration parameter (q) w.r.t. to e-fold time and comparing to the present value. We conclude the paper by observing how the dynamical system analysis differs in the modified

gravity, and present the future scope of our research.
Utilization of Bidara Leaf Plant (Ziziphus mauritiana) as Feed Aditive For Carcass, Abdomen Fat, and Inside Organ In Raja Duck
Authors: Delia Nova T. , Firda A
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the application of Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) as a feed additive at different percentages of carcasses, abdominal fat, and internal organs in Raja ducks. This study used 80 DOD Raja ducks. This study used an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 groups. Treatment of Bidara leaf plants A(0%), B(1%), C(2%) and D(3%). The results showed that the use of Bidara leaves as a feed additive, using a percentage of 2% was the best for carcass percentage of 66.79%, abdominal fat percentage of 0.78%, liver percentage of 2.27%, and proventriculus percentage of 0.42%. Efficient in using Bidara leaf plants against Raja ducks. The conclusion of this study showed that the use of Bidara leaves as a feed additive at different percentages had significance on the abdominal fat carcasses and internal organs of the Raja duck, but had nonsignificant on the proventriculus organs.
Use of nonlinear regression in predicting body weight of female Saburai goat
Authors: Dakhlan A , Qisthon A , Wanniatie V , Santosa P E , Adhianto K , Kurniawati D , Pratama G A , Yesiani K
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the use of nonlinear regression in predicting body weight of female Saburai goats using body measurements. Thirty three female Saburai goat aged 1-3 years were used in this study. Body measurements including chest girth (CG), body length (BL), shoulder height (SH), hip height (HH), and hip width (HW) were regressed on body weight (BW) using nonlinear regression (exponential and polynomial regression). The prediction accuracy of nonlinear regression was compared to linear regression by evaluating their determination coefficient (R2), adjusted R2, residual standard error (RSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Correlation and regression analysis between body measurements and body weight was done with the help of the R program using nls function and “ggplot2” package. The findings indicate that among the various linear and nonlinear regression models that make use of individual body measurements, the most efficient model for forecasting the BW of female Saburai goats is the linear regression model that employs CG as the measurement. This model is followed in terms of performance by the quadratic polynomial regression model using CG and the exponential regression model using CG, as determined by the best selection criteria. However, when considering a combination of body measurements and employing stepwise regression analysis for selecting parameters, the optimal predictor for BW is identified as a combination of CG, BL, SH, and HW. Additionally, for a more simplified model that still maintains statistical significance in its coefficient regression, the most suitable regression model for predicting the BW of female Saburai goats is one that combines CG and SH. The regression equation representing this model can be expressed as Ŷ = -65.9639 + 1.0160CG + 0.4342SH.
Land suitability evaluation for elephant grass plant (Pannisetum purpureum) in Suka Maju Village, Malind District, Merauke Regency
Authors: Wahida  , Mangera Y
Published: May 2024

Land suitability evaluation can be carried out to determine the level of suitability of elephant grass plants (Pannisetum purpureum). Information related to land resources is very important to determine livestock development programs, especially ruminants in a sustainable manner. This research aims to determine the actual land suitability class for developing elephant grass plants in Suka Maju Village, Malind District, Merauke Regency. This study used a survey method and soil sampling was carried out on two types of land, field and meadow. Data collection was carried out by direct observation, laboratory analysis, and data analysis. The data analysis technique to find out the sub-classes of land suitability is by matching the requirements for growing elephant grass with the quality and characteristics of the land according to The Technical Instructions for Land Suitability Assessment Guidelines for Strategic Agricultural Commodities Semi-Detailed Level 1:50,000 Scale in 2016. The results showed that the land suitability class for elephant grass on both land types (field and meadow) was classified as a marginal suitable class (S3) with limiting factor as base saturation (nr2) and K2O (na3). Basically the limiting factors in this study can be corrected by liming and adding organic matter.
Isolation and Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria From Landfill of Cassava Waste
Authors: Triani H D , Marlida Y , Yuniza A , Astuti W D , Husmaini
Published: May 2024

Cassava waste is widely available in West Sumatra in the form of cassava peels and leaves because of the large amount of processed cassava which is the local food of West Sumatra. This cassava waste has the potential to be used as poultry feed, but the main problem is the high crude fiber content in the skin and leaves of cassava. One effective way to reduce crude fiber is by fermentation technology using cellulolytic bacteria as an inoculant. Cellulolytic bacteria isolated from cassava waste disposal soil are more effective in degrading crude fiber in cassava waste. The soil sample used for bacterial isolation came from cassava waste disposal soil taken at a depth of 10 cm. Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was carried out on agar media containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and screening was carried out using 1% congo red with indications of the formation of clear zones at area coloni and Enzyme activity test using spectrophotometry. The results of the isolation were 5 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria which were characterized by the formation of clear zones around the colonies with the respective cellulolytic indexs (T17 = 1.63), (T16 = 2.05), (T20 = 1.75), (T22 = 1.85) and (T11 = 0.81). The five isolates were gram-positive bacteria and based on the microscopic test the five isolates were bacil bacteria and there are 2 isolates that have high cellulolytic degradation values and enzyme activity, namely T16 and T22
Profit analysis of beef cattle business as agrotechnopark development effort in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi
Authors: Lumenta I D R , Moningkey S A E , Oroh F N S
Published: May 2024

This study aims to know the profit gain of the beef cattle business and the influencing factors. It used primary data and secondary data. The former was collected through questionnaires and the latter was obtained from the statistic office of North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The sampling village was first selected using a purposive sampling method, then 30 respondents were randomly selected. Data analysis applied a cost-benefit analysis and regression model to detect the profit-influencing factors. Results showed that the mean profit of the beef cattle farmer per year was IDR. 2,241,893. Feed, calve, and labor simultaneously significantly affected the profit of the calve farmers in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency (α = 0.01).
Socio-Economic Impacts of Bali Cattle Farming Business in Muna District, Indonesia
Authors: Sani L O A , Aka R , Hartono  , Kurniawan W , Zulkarnain D , Tawai A , Munadi L O M , Astarika Rina
Published: May 2024

Muna Regency is a development area for Bali cattle and is an activity familiar to the people of Muna Regency. The livestock business has been carried out for generations but is still considered a side business managed traditionally. Bali cattle development potential in this area is still large because a fairly wide topography supports it. The study aimed to determine the maintenance system for Bali cattle farming in Muna Regency by examining the socio-economic impacts of the Bali cattle farming business using a survey method, and location determination was carried out deliberately. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data obtained from breeders, sub-district governments, and related agencies. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results showed that the maintenance system for Bali cattle farming applies two maintenance systems, namely semi-intensive and extensive. The maintenance pattern aims to produce seeds and, of course, have job opportunities that impact the social and economic community.
The Dynamics of Marketing Channels for Partnership Pattern Laying Hens in Kendari City, Indonesia
Authors: Astarika R , Zulkarnain D , Sani L O A , Aku A S , Nafiu L O , Pagala M A , Tawai A , Munadi L O M , Yaddi Y
Published: May 2024

Laying hens represent a promising livestock sector with considerable potential, known for its positive impact on public health. This research delves into an in-depth analysis of the intricate channels and strategies involved in egg marketing within Kendari City. The study is scheduled from January to April 2023 and will employ a meticulous selection of locations. With a primary focus on laying hen breeders, the investigation aims to examine all aspects of egg distribution comprehensively. The study’s scope encompasses a comprehensive exploration of various dimensions, including characteristics of respondents, marketing agencies, marketing channels, marketing margins, costs, and profits associated with each marketing agency. These variables are meticulously measured and subjected to qualitative and statistical analysis. The findings of the research reveal the existence of four distinct patterns in the egg marketing channels operating within Kendari City, (1) breeders → companies → wholesalers → retailers → consumers, (2) breeders → companies → wholesalers → final customers, (3) breeders→ companies → traders’ retailers → consumers, (4) breeders → companies → consumers. The first marketing channel pattern’s largest margin is IDR. 17.500/rack, while the fourth marketing channel’s lowest margin is IDR. 4.000/rack. The fourth marketing channel, IDR 5.318/rack, has the largest investment. The first marketing channel, with a profit of IDR. 12.182/rack is the most profitable. The fourth marketing channel, which has the lowest marketing margin value, is the most effective marketing channel employed by end users.
Economic analysis of laying quail farming business in Barangin district Sawahlunto city
Authors: Indrayani I , Nurhayati  , Rahman N A
Published: May 2024

Quail is a type of poultry that has long been raised by the community to produce eggs and meat. Quail farming is done as a livelihood and income. This study aims to analyze the economics of quail farming and determine the production risk and price risk of quail farming. The research has been carried out in Santur Village, Barangin district, Sawahlunto City. This research method uses the case study with the unit of analysis in this study was the laying quail group with a business scale of 4500 productive quails. Data analysis used descriptive with a quantitative approach. The result showed The average egg production in quail farming is 82%. Breeder income is Rp 8.212.819/month with an R/C value is 1.18, the BEP unit is 16.791 eggs, and the BEP price is Rp Rp.402/egg. The risk in the laying quail farming business is measured using the value of the variation coefficient (cv) of production and price. The value of the coefficient of variation of production and price is 0,003 and 0,01. This means if the variation coefficient <0,5 so the laying quail livestock business has a small production and price risk in the future. It can be concluded that the quail farming business is still sustainable and profitable to continue in the future
Identification the effective group size to enhance social capital in beef cattle farmers group in Indonesia
Authors: Sugiarto M , Wakhidati YN , Gandasari D , Gayatri S
Published: May 2024

Strengthening the cattle farmer groups in Indonesia cannot be separated from their social capital supports, including developing trust, norms, relationships, and networks. There is a question about how many members in a farmers group can produce high levels of social capital. This study aimed to identify the group size to enhance the social capital within a cattle farmers group. The study was conducted through a survey method on 147 Kebumen Ongole Crossbreed cattle farmers using a multistage sampling method. The descriptive statistical method and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The cattle farmer groups were divided into three categories: category I (<15 farmer members), category II (15-20 farmer members), and category III (> 20 farmer members). The results show that the social capital of farmer groups in Kebumen Regency, Indonesia was classified into high (score =120.80). There was a significant difference of social capital among group categories (P<0.05). The group with 15-20 farmer members had the highest social capital (score=126.77) when compared to the other groups in different categories. Therefore, various efforts to enhance the social capital should be systematically developed, starting by forming farmer groups with number of memberships 15 to 20 farmers per group.
The evolving landscape of milk consumption in Indonesia amidst the rise of contemporary beverages
Authors: Ratni Eli , Lendrawati  , Arief
Published: May 2024

Milk has historically been integral to dietary practices in Indonesia, both for its nutritional significance and its cultural relevance. However, milk consumption patterns in Indonesia have recently significantly transformed, especially among younger generations. This study aimed to understand this evolving trend and preferences towards pasteurized milk, UHT milk, and contemporary beverages among 300 respondents, predominantly in the late adolescence to late adult age range. The findings revealed that contemporary drinks were the most preferred, with 100% of respondents showing a preference, followed by UHT milk at 98% and pasteurized milk at 62%. Economic considerations were consistent across all beverage choices. The study also found that while most respondents had consumed milk, there was a significant difference in liking levels, influenced by aroma and taste. The COVID-19 pandemic also emerged as a significant factor that has affected consumption habits and preferences. This shift in consumption patterns raises concerns for public health and highlights the challenges faced by the dairy farming sector in Indonesia. The study concludes that the dairy industry needs to innovate and adapt to ensure milk remains a staple in the evolving Indonesian dietary landscape.
Identification of Disease Case on Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken on Farmers’ Henhouse in Central Java
Authors: Hayati R. N. , Prasetianti D. , Subiharta S. , Sudrajad P. , Komalawati K. , Kurnianto H. , Hantoro F. R. P.
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development developed the Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken, a superior breed of native chicken. The KUB chicken exhibited resistance to diseases, boasted lower mortality rates, and yielded more eggs compared to conventional free-range chickens. However, the KUB chickens were not immune to certain prevalent avian diseases, leading to substantial mortality and subsequent economic losses in Indonesia. This study, conducted from October to December 2021 in Central Java, aimed to determine the prevalence of various diseases in KUB chickens housed in farmer’s henhouse. Data were collected from 30 KUB chicken farmers. The results indicated the following prevalence rates for various infections: Snot at 44%, Coccidiosis at 9%, Salmonellosis at 9%, Infectious Bursal Disease at 9%, Newcastle Disease at 4%, and Helminthiosis at 4% across all sampled coops. Snot infection was notably higher in KUB Chickens, largely attributed to inadequate management, followed by Coccidiosis, Salmonellosis, and Infectious Bursal Disease. Clearly, disease prevalence in KUB chickens within a farmer’s coop can be mitigated by improved management practices and appropriate vaccination.
Prevalence rate of blood parasite infection and hematological profile of buffalo in Agam Regency
Authors: Yellita Y , Ananda  , Roza E
Published: May 2024

One of the factors causing the low population of buffaloes is disease. Parasite infection is often neglected because it does not cause sudden death but also causes high morbidity and reduces the productivity of buffalo livestock. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of blood parasite infection and hematological profile in buffalo in Agam District. A total of 40 swamp buffaloes. Blood samples taken from V. Jugularis were collected using a sterile syringe of about 5mL; then, the blood was placed inside the EDTA vacutainer. The specimens were tested for blood parasites using Giemsa staining of a blood smear, identified by microscopy, and erythrocyte, Hematocrit, and Hemoglobin by hematology analyzer Exigo H400. The examination showed that only the Anaplasma sp and Theleria sp blood parasites had prevalence rates of 67,5% and 22,5%, and parasitemia rates of 0,7% and 0,5%. The average Erythrocyte, Hematocrite, and Haemoglobine buffalo infected by Anaplasma sp respectively 5.9±2.3×106/µL; 31.5±3,9%; 11.8±1.2g/dL and buffalo infected by Theleria sp were 5.7±2.1×106/µL; 34.9±3.5%; 10.9±2.5%. This experiment concluded that the buffalo in the Agam district was only infected by Anaplasma sp and Theleria sp, with low parasitemia levels. There was no co-infection. The profile of hematology (Erythrocyte et al.) for buffalo infected by Anaplasma and Theleria sp decreased compared to harmful infection.
Theory and Methods in Recent Research on Generativity across Adulthood
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Serrat Rodrigo , Pratt Michael W
Published: May 2024

The objective of this chapter is to review the origin and historic development of the generativity concept, from its role within Erikson’s proposals to its subsequent development and more recent updates, including contributions from Kotre, McAdams, and others to the field. Methodological approaches to the study of generativity are also discussed, stressing how the diversity of methods has been a characteristic of the field from its very beginning. Finally, the chapter identifies key issues whose study may expand and enrich the original concept, including a lifespan development approach to generativity, the cultural axis underlined by studies coming from non-Western countries, and the focus on minorities and specific collectives and/or experiences. Taken together, such expansion will contribute to consolidating the field, as well as confronting new challenges enriching the original concept, and also finding its limits.
Distinguishing Purpose and Generativity in Youth
Authors: Mariano Jenni Menon , Lawford Heather L
Published: May 2024

This chapter reports a side-by-side review of youth purpose and generativity around questions that pertain to concepts, correlates, and development. It was found that purpose and generativity share definitional similarities but also diverge along themes of structure, evidence for their presence in a life, content, prospection, and agency and communion. Researchers’ and youth definitions of purpose harmonize; however, views reported by youth in different places explicate specific cultural expressions of purpose, and in contrast, no direct studies of youth views of generativity exist to date. Purpose and generativity manifest differently during youth, but both evade a simple account of development during the period. For both, a coherent story may emerge from considering contextual and relational developmental systems perspectives, cohort and generational differences, and conducting more longitudinal research.
Mentoring as a Generative Enterprise
Authors: Sidhu Jasmeen , Riddell Jessica , Lawford Heather L
Published: May 2024

Mentorship is generative. Central to both paradigms are the concepts of advancing oneself (agency) and being of service to others (communion), resulting in the passage of skills and advancement of the next generation. By exploring theories of mentorship in higher education from a generative lens, using the threads of agency and communion, the interplay of mentorship and generativity are discussed. Traditional notions of mentorship are challenged through nuanced case studies leading to a discussion of how reverse mentorship can foster generativity. Further, potentially harmful aspects of mentorship, interrogating the question of “for whom” mentors are generative and the consequences of exclusion, are explored. Culminating in suggestions to move forward research and applied mentorships settings, the need to examine the intersection of mentorship and generativity is emphasized.
Generativity and Artistic Practices throughout Adulthood
Authors: Chacur Karima
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses how artistic practices throughout adulthood can be a way to express generativity. It explores two broad avenues for generative expressions through artistic practices. Firstly, it analyses the creation of artistic pieces as a means of contributing to the next generations and society, as well as their transcendence as a lasting legacy. Secondly, this chapter examines how mentoring, teaching, and guiding new artists can be understood as generative actions. In addition, it delves into the role and relevance of society and context as a space that can both enable and hinder artistic practices, and, therefore, generative expressions through this type of practice. Finally, throughout this chapter, several examples—considering a wide range of artistic disciplines and level of expertise—are provided as aids to better comprehend the generative potential of a diversity of artistic practices.
Generativity, Care Giving, and Care Receiving in Aging Contexts
Authors: Villar Feliciano
Published: May 2024

This chapter is aimed at analyzing the motivations and experiences of both people who provide care to older persons, and the older person who is being cared for. It explores the role that generativity might play in both situations (for the care provider but also for the care receiver), and how generativity can contribute to better understanding of care relationships and offer psychological and developmental keys to the many challenges associated with care in aging contexts. In the case of people who offer care to older persons, generativity is underlined as a positive motive and outcome of the experience of care, often portrayed as a burden. In the case of older persons who receive care, the chapter discusses the crucial role of generativity in the experience of vulnerability, the key attitude of accepting care from others as a way to keep on contributing, and legacy as an expression of generativity in such situations.
Religious Generativity and Generative Devotion in Families
Authors: Dollahite David C , Marks Loren D , Gale Megan
Published: May 2024

For over two decades the authors of this chapter have explored the nexus between religious faith and family relationships in the American Families of Faith research project. Generativity, one of the most optimistic and hope-filled concepts in the social sciences, has been of particular interest to them. The need for meaningful theory on generativity and religion suggests the need for conceptual frameworks to guide research. Therefore, this chapter briefly overviews recent, relevant empirical work on religious generativity (intergenerational transmission) and then takes a deep conceptual dive into the theory of generative devotion that is grounded in more than 150 published empirical studies from the American Families of Faith project.
Generativity, Environmentalism, and the Political Divide
Authors: Kyle Matsuba M , Mah Andrea , Jia Fanli
Published: May 2024

Generativity and environmentalism are two interconnected concepts that have gained significant attention in recent years. As individuals strive to contribute to future generations’ well-being, pro-environmentalism is often seen as an expression of generativity. This chapter reviews the conceptual and empirical relationships between generativity and environmentalism. Using a legacy perspective, it examines how environmental behaviors relate to intergenerational decision-making via family socialization. Additionally, it discusses the growing political divide between liberals and conservatives on environmental issues, as well as the potential for generativity to bridge this gap. This review aims to shed light on the role of generativity in influencing attitudes and behavior toward the environment.
Older People’s Generativity and Perceived Respect in East Asia
Authors: Tabuchi Megumi
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize how generativity among older people is related to the nature of the intergenerational interactions they experience. Specifically, the chapter discusses how smooth interactions between generations are important for the development of generativity and the continuation of altruistic behavior among older people in Asian cultures. After describing the interpersonal influences on the individual in Asian cultures compared with Western cultures, research on how interpersonal relationships with younger generations affect the development of generativity in older people is reviewed and discussed from the perspective of cultural differences in the development of generativity. In the final section, the importance of intergenerational relationships and interactions is illustrated by introducing an intervention study conducted in a child support program by seniors in Japan.
Generativity, Aging, and Communities in Mexico
Authors: Montes-de-Oca Zavala Verónica , González Cordero Francisco J
Published: May 2024

This chapter aims to analyze how the phenomenon of generativity fits into research on aging in Mexico. To achieve this objective, it will review four best practices where specific elements of generative behavior are observed, practices that are good examples for understanding the phenomenon of generativity in later life in the Mexican context: (1) the community organizations and those of civil society; (2) the transnational support networks established between undocumented migrants in the United States and their relatives in Mexico; (3) the collective support practices effected in indigenous communities and in pre-Hispanic towns inhabited in large part by descendants of the original peoples; and (4) the social movements of women and sexual diversity. The chapter will discuss the implications of such generative practices and reflect on the applicability of the concept to aging processes as seen in Mexico, taking into account the specific features, facilitators, and barriers of such a cultural context.
Generativity, Health, and Well-Being across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Gruenewald Tara L
Published: May 2024

Generativity can be defined as concern and care focused on contributing to the well-being of others, particularly younger generations. It has been conceptualized and studied as a developmental desire or goal, as a form of behavior or activity, and as a state of being or goal achievement. However, it can also be examined as an antecedent to other important outcomes, including individual health and well-being. This chapter provides an overview of the ways in which generativity might shape individual health and well-being and the empirical evidence, to date, for such links.
Generativity and Stagnation in Adulthood
Authors: Urrutia Andrés , Moisset de Espanés Gastón , Ferrari César A , Rapela Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

The objective of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it presents a conceptual review on stagnation and its relationship with generativity, proposing a distinction between different modalities of stagnation. Secondly, it provides narratives from middle-aged and older adults that allow the description of some feelings, beliefs, and thoughts characteristic of subjects who are unable (or who feel incapable) to care for and guide younger generations. The chapter emphasizes how the presence of ambivalent or conflictive bonds with parents, the incapability to develop basic trust in childhood, and the inability to care are frequent ingredients in narratives of people characterized as “stagnant.” Such narratives contrast sharply from the ones collected from highly generative people.
Intergenerational Programs and Generativity
Authors: Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento , Sánchez Mariano
Published: May 2024

Intergenerational interactions play a central role in understanding how a society inherits the legacy of the past, considers the present, and moves into the future. Consequently, this chapter delves into the relationship between intergenerational programs (IGPs) and generativity. The chapter’s rational is that given that IGPs are based on planned intergenerational contact and engagement, they may be pathways to effective promotion of generativity. The chapter identifies characteristics that make good IGPs work, such as the use of oral history, synergy of actions, mentoring, and modelling. Findings indicate that IGPs may be vehicles facilitating the practice of generativity in adulthood and increasing the perception of one’s own generativity. Furthermore, IGPs may be spaces for the cultivation of generativity at all ages, and age-integrated social forms through which generativity may be transmitted and learned. The case of intergenerational mentoring programs is addressed due to their direct connection with generative endeavors.
Active Aging, Social Policy, and Generativity
Authors: Villar Feliciano
Published: May 2024

The objective of this chapter is to review the extent to which recent social policies based on the active aging framework have also promoted generativity-related ways of aging, particularly in Europe and the United States, the regions in which active aging policies have had the most impact. The chapter describes the rise and development of the active aging framework, and mentions the main institutional landmarks that underpin its popularity as a social policy tool. Subsequently, it discusses policies aimed at promoting the continuation of older people in the labor market and the civic participation of older people, areas that are potentially related to generativity in later life. Finally, the limitations and future challenges of active aging policies are considered from the perspective of promoting generativity in later life.
Introduction
Authors: Brett Mark G
Published: May 2024

A Christian imagination of colonial discovery permeated the early modern world, and biblical interpretation shaped it in various ways, but legal histories played out in different ways depending on the imperial jurisdictions. Concepts of rights shifted over the centuries from theological to secular frameworks, and more recently, from anthropocentric and individualist assumptions to ecologically embedded and corporate concepts of Indigenous rights. Bearing in mind the differences between ancient and modern notions of indigeneity, a fresh understanding of this history is timely as settler colonial states reflect on the implications of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007 and seek to embed its principles in domestic laws and new intercultural practices.
Canaanites in the Land
Authors: Brett Mark G
Published: May 2024

The chapter returns to the Hebrew Bible itself in order to uncover its own antinomies, which are in some ways analogous with the recurring contradictions within colonial discourses. The book of Joshua, for example, affirms at some points that Israel took “all the land,” while also acknowledging that some lands were not taken and that exceptional treaties were made with the prior inhabitants of the promised lands. Another strand of biblical tradition envisages the reduction of the prior inhabitants of Canaan to slavery, beginning with Noah’s notorious curse in Genesis 9. The very name “Israel” incorporates a reference to the Canaanite divinity, El, rather than to Yhwh (rendered as “the LORD” in most English translations). The combination of these two divine names—El and Yhwh—in the religions of ancient Israel and Judah remains one of the great paradoxes of biblical theology and history. Although the bulk of the biblical traditions configure early Israelites as outsiders to Canaan, this is not the only view, and the tensions between outsider and insider perspectives are evident in several biblical books.
Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents
Authors: Brown Jessica
Published: May 2024

This book takes seriously the idea that at least some groups, such as corporations and governments, are genuine agents with mental states on which they act. For instance, in morally assessing a government’s response to the coronavirus pandemic, we are interested in what the government knew at various points as the pandemic developed. And in predicting the outcome of the current war in Ukraine, we might ask what Russia believes about the West’s determination to defend Ukraine. The book examines a range of phenomena central to the epistemic and moral assessment of groups: group evidence, group belief, the basis of group belief, group justified belief, group knowledge, group motivation, and group blameless ignorance. Overall, the book defends a ‘non-summative’ functionalist view of groups. On a non-summative account of group phenomena, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a group to have a property α that some/most/all of its members have that same property. By contrast, on a summative account it is necessary and sufficient for a group to have a property α that some/most/all of its members have that same property. Across the book I provide new arguments for non-summativism and new accounts of key group phenomena many of which have been relatively neglected in existing literature. While I provide independent arguments for a non-summative view of each phenomenon discussed, the conclusions of the chapters are mutually reinforcing. For adopting a non-summative account of one group phenomenon motivates adopting a non-summative account of others.
Group Belief
Authors: Brown Jessica
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, I defend a non-summative functionalist account of group belief which fits with the non-summative account of group evidence and group belief for a reason defended in the previous chapters. Adopting functionalism about group belief enables us to provide a unified account of individual and group belief. Since functionalism treats group belief as a causally effective state, it fits with the causal approach to what it is for a group to believe/act for a reason defended in Chapters 3 and 6. Furthermore, unlike a popular rival non-summative account—the joint commitment account—it doesn’t make belief voluntary and insensitive to evidence. In addition, I argue that, contra Lackey, it doesn’t face problems from considerations relating to base-fragility, judgement-fragility, and group lies and bullshit.
Group Action for a Reason
Authors: Brown Jessica
Published: May 2024

The reason for which a group acts affects whether a group is praiseworthy for its action. For instance, we might differently assess two companies who both implement green policies but for different reasons (because it’s the right thing to do or because it’s profitable). I argue against a summative account on which the reason(s) for which a group performs an action is a function of the reason(s) for which its members play their parts in the group’s action. Instead, I suggest a non-summative causal account on which a group performs an action α for reason r if and only if the group’s action of performing α is non-deviantly caused by r. This allows that when a group does α for r, the members of the group may play their parts for a wide variety of motivations, whether because they share the group’s values or through incentivization.
Integrative immunophenotypic and genetic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB rearrangement
Authors: Sameeta Fnu , Wang Sa A , Tang Zhenya , Khoury Joseph D , Fang Hong , Wang Dylan , Xu Jie , Li Shaoying , Hu Zhihong , Hu Shimin , Jorgensen Jeffrey L , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Objectives

We sought to characterize the immunophenotype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with CBFB rearrangement and correlate the results with cytogenetic and molecular data.

Methods

Sixty-one cases of AML with CBFB rearrangement were evaluated.

Results

The sample population consisted of 33 men and 28 women, with a median age of 49 years. Flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis showed that myeloblasts were positive for CD34 and CD117 in all cases, and myeloperoxidase was positive in 52 of 55 (95%) cases. The most common abnormalities included decreased CD38 in 90%, increased CD13 in 85%, increased CD123 in 84%, and decreased HLA-DR in 84% of cases. Monocytes were increased, with a mature immunophenotype, and accounted for 23.7% of total cells. Among 60 cases with available karyotype, inv(16)(p13.1q22) was most common in 50 (83%) cases, followed by t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) in 6 (10%). Type A CBFB::MYH11 transcript was most common, detected in 84% of cases. Mutational analysis showed mutations of NRAS in 37%, FLT3 in 25%, and KIT in 24% of cases. Comparing cases with type A vs non–type A transcripts, blasts in type A cases more frequently exhibited CD64 positivity and increased CD13 levels while showing a lower frequency of CD7 and CD56 expression. Trisomy 22 and mutations in KIT, NF1, and TET2 were identified only in cases with type A transcript.

Conclusions

Myeloblasts of AML with CBFB rearrangement are positive for CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase. These neoplasms most frequently carry inv(16)(p13.1q22) and type A fusion transcript. NRAS mutation was the most common mutation. Some immunophenotypic and genetic correlations occurred with different types of transcripts.
Trait variation and performance across varying levels of drought stress in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Earley Ashley M , Nolting Kristen M , Donovan Lisa A , Burke John M
Published: May 2024

Drought is a major agricultural challenge that is expected to worsen with climate change. A better understanding of drought responses has the potential to inform efforts to breed more tolerant plants. We assessed leaf trait variation and covariation in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in response to water limitation. Plants were grown under four levels of water availability and assessed for environmentally induced plasticity in leaf stomatal and vein traits as well as biomass (performance indicator), mass fractions, leaf area, leaf mass per area, and chlorophyll content. Overall, biomass declined in response to stress; these changes were accompanied by responses in leaf-level traits including decreased leaf area and stomatal size, and increased stomatal and vein density. The magnitude of trait responses increased with stress severity and relative plasticity of smaller-scale leaf anatomical traits was less than that of larger-scale traits related to construction and growth. Across treatments, where phenotypic plasticity was observed, stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal size and positively correlated with minor vein density, but the correlations did not hold up within treatments. Four leaf traits previously shown to reflect major axes of variation in a large sunflower diversity panel under well-watered conditions (i.e. stomatal density, stomatal pore length, vein density, and leaf mass per area) predicted a surprisingly large amount of the variation in biomass across treatments, but trait associations with biomass differed within treatments. Additionally, the importance of these traits in predicting variation in biomass is mediated, at least in part, through leaf size. Our results demonstrate the importance of leaf anatomical traits in mediating drought responses in sunflower, and highlight the role that phenotypic plasticity and multi-trait phenotypes can play in predicting productivity under complex abiotic stresses like drought.
CAUSES OF CHRONIC PAIN UNRELATED TO SURGICAL TRAUMA AFTER GROIN HERNIA REPAIR: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Kroon L , Ticehurst K , Ahonen J , Norrby J , Ruiz-Jasbon F
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic inguinal pain (CIP) can be caused by several factors including musculoskeletal or neurological pathologies as well as by surgical trauma following groin hernia repair. The principal aim of this prospective cohort observational study was to find the incidence and causes of CIP unrelated to surgical trauma 12 months after inguinal hernia repair.

Method

During sixteen months patients consulting a hernia center for groin-related symptoms were included in the study. Patients were physically evaluated by surgeons and filled out an Inguinal Pain Questionnaire and a Numerical Rating Scale pain-questionnaire. For patients undergoing groin hernia repair, postoperative questionnaires similar to the pre-operative ones were sent out at 12 months. Patients scoring pain on postoperative questionnaires were reevaluated by phone consultation and physical examination.

Results

289 patients (78.1%) of 370 repaired patients filled in the postoperative questionnaires. 62 (21.4%) patients scored pain, of these patients 5 (1.7%, 5/289) answered incorrectly in the pain questionnaires and 14 (4.8%, 14/289) had non-surgical trauma causes of pain: 5 musculoskeletal, 4 neurological and 3 other medical pathologies.

Conclusion

This cohort study found CIP unrelated to surgical trauma in 4.8 % of patients undergoing a groin hernia repair. Most causes of pain unrelated to surgical trauma were musculoskeletal and neurological pathologies. Nearly a third of patients scoring groin pain on pain-questionnaires did not have chronic post-operative pain (CPSP), therefore incidence of CPSP should not be based solely on pain questionnaires. Clinical assessment of patients with pain is necessary to excluded CIP unrelated to surgical trauma.
SIGNIFICANT DEFECT: A SCOPING REVIEW OF EMERGENCY UMBILICAL HERNIA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Walshaw J , Kuligowska A , Smart N J , Blencowe N S , Lee M J
Published: May 2024

Background

Umbilical hernias, while frequently asymptomatic, may become acutely symptomatic, strangulated, or obstructed, and require emergency treatment. Robust evidence is required for high-quality care in this field. This scoping review aims to elucidate evidence gaps regarding emergency care of umbilical hernias.

Methods

Systematic searches were used to identify primary research studies reporting on any aspect of emergency umbilical hernia care. Studies were excluded where emergency umbilical hernia care was not the primary focus and subsets of relevant data were unable to be extracted. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, resolving disagreements by consensus or a third reviewer. Data was charted according to core concepts addressed by each study and a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Searches generated 299 abstracts, from which 32 full texts were assessed and 14 included in the final review. This encompassed 52,042 patients undergoing emergency umbilical hernia care. Most were retrospective cohort designs (11/14), split between single (6/14) and multi-centre (8/14) with only one randomised trial. Most multi-centre studies were from national databases (7/8). Themes arising included risk assessment (n = 4), timing of surgery (n = 4), investigations (n = 1), repair method (n = 8, 4 mesh vs. suture; 4 laparoscopic vs. open), and operative outcomes (n = 11). No studies included patient-reported outcomes specific to emergency umbilical hernia repair.

Conclusion

This scoping review demonstrates the paucity of high-quality data for this condition. There is a need for randomised trials addressing all aspects of emergency umbilical hernia repair, with patient-reported outcomes.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN THE EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS
Authors: Cavanagh J , Lorenz W , Holland A , Mead B , Scarola G , Smart N , Fischer J , Janis J , Heniford B T
Published: May 2024

Background

Reviewing abstracts for inclusion in scientific conferences involves substantial time and effort. Recent innovations in Large Language Model (LLM)s, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, have the potential to reduce the burden on reviewers. This study aimed to test that potential by programmatically grading abstracts using custom-trained LLMs.

Methods

Abstracts and reviewer grades of American Hernia Society (AHS – 2021) and American Plastic Surgery Association (ASPS 2021–2022) abstracts were obtained. Two new models of the state-of-the-art ChatGPT-3.5-turbo-1106 were fine-tuned on corpuses of these abstracts and grades. We trained for three epochs with a standard loss function and four inputs: a “system” directive, the grading rubric, the abstract, and the average reviewer grade on a five-point scale. The models were evaluated with the 2023 abstracts and grades from both societies. The trained models graded the abstracts and ranked them using three custom algorithms: QuickSort, which iteratively compared two abstracts at a time; Quartile, which ranked four; and Bridging, which combined batches of fifteen. Mean differences and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between actual and predicted grades/rankings.

Results

The trained models successfully followed the 2023 rubrics and produced in less than 20 minutes predicted grades centered near the actual: the mean difference in groups was 0.0719 ± 0.881 for AHS and 0.104 ± 0.944 for ASPS. However, variance was high and the predicted rankings had at best weak rank correlations with the actual rankings.

Conclusion

Custom-trained LLMs present a novel method for evaluating abstracts efficiently, but further research is needed to fine-tune the models for more precise results.