bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Improved Model to Evaluate Vulnerability in Spring Wheat under Climate Change in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Fan Dongliang , Yang Feiyun , Pan Zhihua , Su Xiaoyun , Pan Yuying , Han Guolin , Wang Jialin , Wu Dong , Dong Zhiqiang
Published: December 2018

Climate change has had a significant impact on agricultural production. It is important to evaluate the vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change. The previous methods for evaluating vulnerability are inconsiderate and unrealistic. This paper proposes an improved vulnerability assessment method, introduces the Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM)-wheat model to evaluate vulnerability, and uses spring wheat, in Inner Mongolia, China, as an example for evaluating the vulnerability of spring wheat under climate change. The results show that, from 1996 to 2015, the adaptability to climate change of spring wheat production, in Inner Mongolia, increased, and its sensitivity to climate change decreased. That is to say, that climatic conditions have a negative impact on spring wheat, and adaptation measures have a positive impact on spring wheat. From 1996 to 2009, the vulnerability of spring wheat production in Inner Mongolia showed a very significant increasing trend, while showing a significant downward trend during 2009–2015, which is consistent with the actual situation. The improved vulnerability assessment method can reflect the actual impact of climatic conditions on agricultural production. We expect that the new vulnerability assessment method can provide a theoretical basis for studying the impact of climate change on agricultural production.
Can Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete Improve the Sustainability of a Flyover Bridge?
Authors: Enfedaque Alejandro , Alberti Marcos G. , Gálvez Jaime C. , Rivera Marino , Simón-Talero José M.
Published: December 2018

The use of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) as an alternative for reducing the reinforcing steel bars employed in reinforced concrete has become real in the past years. This contribution analyses the improvements in sustainability that a change in the aforementioned reinforcement configuration might provide in a flyover bridge. Economic, environmental and social parameters of both possibilities were studied by means of the integrated value model for sustainable assessment. Such model, which acronym is MIVES (Modelo Integrado de Valor para una Evaluación Sostenible, MIVES), is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the value function concept and the seminars delivered by experts. The results of the MIVES method showed that the use of PFRC in combination with reinforced concrete (RC) has a sustainability index 22% higher. An analysis of the parameters that form this evaluation shows that there are no remarkable differences in the financial costs between the two possibilities studied. Nevertheless, social and environmental aspects provide with a better qualification the option of building a bridge by using PFRC combined with RC.
ICT and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal for Education: Using ICT to Boost the Math Performance of Immigrant Youths in the US
Authors: Kim Sunha
Published: December 2018

In the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal for education, this study examines the potential of information, communication, and technology (ICT) as a way to provide quality education for all, with a focus on immigrant youth in the United States. The study uses structural equation models (SEM) to analyze data from a nationally representative data set, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)-USA. Focusing on mathematics achievement among immigrant youth (with non-immigrant youth as a reference group), this study explores the effects of ICT access and two types of ICT use for educational purposes: generic and specific. The results indicate that ICT access and specific ICT use both have positive direct, indirect, and total effects on math performance for immigrant youths, while generic ICT use has only a nonsignificant negative effect. In nonimmigrant youths, these ICT variables showed a different pattern, with the effects of ICT access and specific ICT use being less pronounced, but generic ICT use exhibiting a significant negative effect. These findings show the potential role of ICT-mediated education in narrowing the achievement gap between immigrant and nonimmigrant students, thereby helping immigrants better integrate into their destination countries.
Hyperspectral Face Recognition with Patch-Based Low Rank Tensor Decomposition and PFFT Algorithm
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Wei Dongmei , Zhang Liren , Zhao Yuefeng
Published: December 2018

Hyperspectral imaging technology with sufficiently discriminative spectral and spatial information brings new opportunities for robust facial image recognition. However, hyperspectral imaging poses several challenges including a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), intra-person misalignment of wavelength bands, and a high data dimensionality. Many studies have proven that both global and local facial features play an important role in face recognition. This research proposed a novel local features extraction algorithm for hyperspectral facial images using local patch based low-rank tensor decomposition that also preserves the neighborhood relationship and spectral dimension information. Additionally, global contour features were extracted using the polar discrete fast Fourier transform (PFFT) algorithm, which addresses many challenges relevant to human face recognition such as illumination, expression, asymmetrical (orientation), and aging changes. Furthermore, an ensemble classifier was developed by combining the obtained local and global features. The proposed method was evaluated by using the Poly-U Database and was compared with other existing hyperspectral face recognition algorithms. The illustrative numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the best CRC_RLS and PLS methods.
Identity Management and Protection Motivated by the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union—A Conceptual Framework Based on State-of-the-Art Software Technologies
Authors: Birnstill Pascal , Krempel Erik , Wagner Paul Georg , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: December 2018

In times of strongly (personal) data-driven economy, the inception of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) recently reinforced the call for transparency and informational self-determination—not only due to the penalties for data protection violations becoming significantly more severe. This paper recaps the GDPR articles that should be noticed by software designers and developers and explains how, from the perspective of computer scientists, the summarized requirements can be implemented based on state-of-the-art technologies, such as data provenance tracking, distributed usage control, and remote attestation protocols. For this, the challenges for data controllers, i.e., the service providers, as well as for the data subjects, i.e., the users whose personal data are being processed by the services, are worked out. As a result, this paper proposes the ideal functionality of a next-generation privacy dashboard interacting with data provenance and usage control infrastructure implemented at the service providers to operationalize the legal rights of the data subject granted by the GDPR. Finally, it briefly outlines the options for establishing trust in data provenance tracking and usage control infrastructures operated by the service providers themselves.
Rhabdoviruses, Antiviral Defense, and SUMO Pathway
Authors: El Asmi Faten , Brantis-de-Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Blondel Danielle , Chelbi-Alix Mounira K.
Published: December 2018

Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) conjugation to proteins has essential roles in several processes including localization, stability, and function of several players implicated in intrinsic and innate immunity. In human, five paralogs of SUMO are known of which three are ubiquitously expressed (SUMO1, 2, and 3). Infection by rhabdoviruses triggers cellular responses through the activation of pattern recognition receptors, which leads to the production and secretion of interferon. This review will focus on the effects of the stable expression of the different SUMO paralogs or Ubc9 depletion on rhabdoviruses-induced interferon production and interferon signaling pathways as well as on the expression and functions of restriction factors conferring the resistance to rhabdoviruses.
Safety netting for primary care: evidence from a literature review
Authors: Jones Daniel , Dunn Laurie , Watt Ian , Macleod Una
Published: December 2018

Background

Ensuring patient safety is vital in primary care. One mechanism to increase patient safety is through a practice known as safety netting. Safety netting is widely recommended in national guidelines; however, a variety of definitions exist with no consensus on when safety netting should be used and what advice or actions it should contain.

Aim

This study aimed to identify different definitions of safety netting to provide conceptual clarity and propose a common approach to safety netting in primary care.

Design and setting

Literature review and evidence synthesis of international articles relating to safety netting in primary care.

Method

An electronic database and grey-literature search was conducted using terms around the theme of safety netting with broad inclusion criteria.

Results

A total of 47 studies were included in the review. Safety netting was defined as a consultation technique to communicate uncertainty, provide patient information on red-flag symptoms, and plan for future appointments to ensure timely re-assessment of a patient’s condition. Safety-netting advice may include information on the natural history of the illness, advice on worrying symptoms to look out for, and specific information on how and when to seek help. In addition to advice within the consultation, safety netting includes follow-up of investigations and hospital referrals. Safety netting was considered to be particularly important when consulting with children, the acutely unwell, patients with multimorbidity, and those with mental health problems.

Conclusion

Safety netting is more than solely the communication of uncertainty within a consultation. It should include plans for follow-up as well as important administrative aspects, such as the communication of test results and management of hospital letters.
Volatiles from the hypoxylaceous fungi Hypoxylon griseobrunneum and Hypoxylon macrocarpum
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Babczyk Alexander , Wang Tao , Stadler Marc , Dickschat Jeroen S
Published: December 2018

The volatiles emitted by the ascomycetes Hypoxylon griseobrunneum and Hypoxylon macrocarpum (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) were collected by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) and analysed by GC–MS. The main compound class of both species were polysubstituted benzene derivatives. Their structures could only be unambiguously determined by comparison to all isomers with different substitution patterns. The substitution pattern of the main compound from H. griseobrunneum, the new natural product 2,4,5-trimethylanisole, was explainable by a polyketide biosynthesis mechanism that was supported by a feeding experiment with (methyl-2H3)methionine.
Binary Planet Formation by Gas-assisted Encounters of Planetary Embryos
Authors: Chrenko Ondřej , Brož Miroslav , Nesvorný David
Published: December 2018

We present radiation hydrodynamic simulations in which binary planets form by close encounters in a system of several super-Earth embryos. The embryos are embedded in a protoplanetary disk consisting of gas and pebbles and evolve in a region where the disk structure supports convergent migration due to Type I torques. As the embryos accrete pebbles, they become heated and thus affected by the thermal torque and the hot-trail effect, which excites orbital eccentricities. Motivated by findings of Eklund & Masset, we assume that the hot-trail effect also operates vertically and reduces the efficiency of inclination damping. Non-zero inclinations allow the embryos to become closely packed and also vertically stirred within the convergence zone. Subsequently, close encounters of two embryos assisted by the disk gravity can form transient binary planets that quickly dissolve. Binary planets with a longer lifetime of ∼104 yr form in three-body interactions of a transient pair with one of the remaining embryos. The separation of binary components generally decreases in subsequent encounters and because of pebble accretion until the binary merges, forming a giant planet core. We provide an order-of-magnitude estimate of the expected occurrence rate of binary planets, yielding one binary planet per ≃(2–5) × 104 planetary systems. Therefore, although rare, binary planets may exist in exoplanetary systems and they should be systematically searched for.
Hypermassive Neutron Star Disk Outflows and Blue Kilonovae
Authors: Fahlman Steven , Fernández Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

We study mass ejection from accretion disks around newly formed hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs). Standard kilonova model fits to GW170817 require at least a lanthanide-poor (“blue”) and lanthanide-rich (“red”) component. The existence of a blue component has been used as evidence for an HMNS remnant of finite lifetime, but average disk outflow velocities from existing long-term HMNS simulations fall short of the inferred value (∼0.25c) by a factor of ∼2. Here we use time-dependent, axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of HMNS disks to explore the limits of the model and its ability to account for observations. For physically plausible parameter choices compatible with GW170817, we find that hydrodynamic models that use shear viscosity to transport angular momentum cannot eject matter with mass-averaged velocities larger than ∼0.15c. While outflow velocities in our simulations can exceed the asymptotic value for a steady-state neutrino-driven wind, the increase in the average velocity due to viscosity is not sufficient. Therefore, viscous HMNS disk winds cannot reproduce by themselves the ejecta properties inferred from multi-component fits to kilonova light curves from GW170817. Three possible resolutions remain feasible within standard merger ejecta channels: more sophisticated radiative transfer models that allow for photon reprocessing between ejecta components, inclusion of magnetic stresses, or enhancement of the dynamical ejecta. We provide fits to our disk outflow models once they reach homologous expansion.
Simulating the Impact of the Smith Cloud
Authors: Alig C. , Hammer S. , Borodatchenkova N. , Dobbs C. L. , Burkert A.
Published: December 2018

We investigate the future evolution of the Smith Cloud by performing hydrodynamical simulations of the cloud impact onto the gaseous Milky Way Galactic disk. We assume a local origin for the cloud and thus do not include a dark matter component to stabilize it. Our main focus is the cloud’s influence on the local and global star formation rate (SFR) of the Galaxy and whether or not it leads to an observable event in the far future. Our model assumes two extremes for the mass of the Smith Cloud, an upper mass limit of 107

and a lower mass limit of 106

compared to the observational value of a few 106

. In addition, we also make the conservative assumption that the entirety of the cloud mass of the extended Smith Cloud is concentrated within the tip of the cloud. We find that the impact of the low-mass cloud produces no noticeable change in neither the global SFR nor the local SFR at the cloud impact site within the galactic disk. For the high-mass cloud we find a short-term (roughly 5 Myr) increase of the global SFR of up to 1

yr−1, which nearly doubles the normal Milky Way SFR. This highly localized starburst should be observable.
Monitoring of Serum HBV RNA, HBcrAg, HBsAg and anti-HBc Levels in Patients during Long-Term Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue Therapy
Authors: Liao Hao , Liu Yan , Li Xiaodong , Wang Jie , Chen Xiangmei , Zou Jun , Li Qi , Liu Lujie , Wang Jun , Huang Bixia , Lu Fengmin , Xu Dongping
Published: December 2018

Background

This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical significance of serum HBV RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) levels in chronic hepatitis B patients with undetectable HBV DNA during nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) treatment.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients who received long-term NA treatment of median 5.83 (25%, 75% percentiles 4.67, 7.75) years were enrolled, and 285 serum samples at five time points for each patient were quantitatively analysed for the three serum markers together with serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels.

Results

The HBV RNA level significantly correlated with HBcrAg ( r=0.629; P<0.001) but not HBsAg levels ( P=0.1460). Nonetheless, the HBcrAg level significantly correlated with the HBsAg level ( r=0.469; P<0.001). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive samples showed higher HBV RNA, HBcrAg and HBsAg levels than HBeAg-negative samples did (all P<0.05). Nine patients with HBeAg loss manifested a significantly greater decline in HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels (median 1.84 [25%, 75% percentiles 1.02, 2.12] log10 copies/ml, 1.14 [0.62, 2.21] log10 U/ml, respectively) compared with those in seven patients without HBeAg loss (0.74 [0.10, 1.08] log10 copies/ml and 0.41 [0.21, 0.69] log10 U/ml, respectively). Overall, serum HBV RNA, HBcrAg, HBsAg and anti-HBc levels gradually decreased with time during NA treatment. At the end of observation, HBV RNA and HBcrAg reached an undetectable level in 26 and 6 (46% and 11%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Monitoring of HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels is useful for NA-treated patients with undetectable HBV DNA. The attainment of HBV RNA undetectability usually occurs prior to HBcrAg undetectability.
Environmental harshness drives spatial heterogeneity in biotic resistance
Authors: Iannone III Basil V. , Potter Kevin M. , Guo Qinfeng , Jo Insu , Oswalt Christopher M. , Fei Songlin
Published: December 2018

Ecological communities often exhibit greater resistance to biological invasions when these communities consist of species that are not closely related. The effective size of this resistance, however, varies geographically. Here we investigate the drivers of this heterogeneity in the context of known contributions of native trees to the resistance of forests in the eastern United States of America to plant invasions. Using 42,626 spatially referenced forest community observations, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in relationships between evolutionary relatedness amongst native trees and both invasive plant species richness and cover. We then modelled the variability amongst the 91 ecological sections of our study area in the slopes of these relationships in response to three factors known to affect invasion and evolutionary relationships –environmental harshness (as estimated via tree height), relative tree density and environmental variability. Invasive species richness and cover declined in plots having less evolutionarily related native trees. The degree to which they did, however, varied considerably amongst ecological sections. This variability was explained by an ecological section’s mean maximum tree height and, to a lesser degree, SD in maximum tree height (R2GLMM= 0.47 to 0.63). In general, less evolutionarily related native tree communities better resisted overall plant invasions in less harsh forests and in forests where the degree of harshness was more homogenous. These findings can guide future investigations aimed at identifying the mechanisms by which evolutionary relatedness of native species affects exotic species invasions and the environmental conditions under which these effects are most pronounced.
Development and study of a microwave reflex-radar level gauge of the nuclear reactor coolant
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir , Ivanov Vadim , Teplyashin Ivan , Timonin Mikhail
Published: December 2018

The article considers the design of a microwave reflex-radar level gauge of the nuclear reactor coolant. The main advantage of the reflex-radar measurement principle is that it does not affect the accuracy of measuring the level of bubbles present, coolant condensation and boiling, changes in its pressure as well as temperature and density. In addition, the measuring transmitter design is quite simple.

In this level gauge, a microwave waveguide made as a coaxial line is used as a transducer (measuring probe). The probe consists of a steel pipe with an external diameter of 20 mm and a central electrode: it is located vertically and immersed in a controlled coolant. The probe wave resistance is 50 ohms. The device electrical diagram is presented. The oscillograms of the received signals and the basic relationships explaining the level gauge operation are given. The signals of the coaxial measuring probe are studied in a fluid with a variable dielectric constant. The results of an experimental study of the level gauge operation in a water coolant at high parameters are given: at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 310 °C. It is shown that the device maintains its functional stability under these conditions. The level gauge’s readings practically need not be corrected when the coolant’s thermophysical properties change. The device is intended for use in the control and management systems of nuclear power plants as well as in fuel reprocessing plants.
Reactivity margin evaluation software for WWR-c reactor
Authors: Belyavtsev Ivan , Starkov Sergey
Published: December 2018

The WWR-c reactor reactivity margin can be calculated using a precision reactor model. The precision model based on the Monte Carlo method (Kolesov et al. 2011) is not well suited for operational calculations. The article describes the work on creating a software package for preliminary evaluations of the WWR-c reactor reactivity margin.

The research has confirmed the possibility of using an artificial neural network to approximate the reactivity margin based on the reactor core condition. Computational experiments were conducted on training the artificial neural network using the precision model data and real reactor measured data. According to the results of the computational experiments, the maximum relative approximation error ∆k/k for fuel burnup was 3.13 and 3.56%, respectively. The mean computation time was 100 ms.

The computational experiments showed it possible to construct the artificial neural network architecture. This architecture became the basis for building a software package for evaluating the WWR-c reactor reactivity margin – REST API based web-application – which has a convenient user interface for entering the core configuration. It is also possible to replenish the training sample with new measurements and train the artificial neuron network once again.

The reactivity margin evaluation software is ready to be tested by the WWR-c reactor personnel and to be used as a component of the automated reactor refueling system. With minor modifications, the software package can be used for reactors of other types.
Evaluation of pharmacological correction of L-name-induced endothelial dysfunction, platelet aggregation and venous tone with diosmin Detralex 1000 mg
Authors: Lukyanova Yulia S. , Pokrovskii Mikhail V. , Kolesnichenko Pavel D. , Gureev Vladimir V. , Zhilinkova Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Chronic venous diseases are one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. Recent studies have shown high significance of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. For the correction of the occurring changes, drugs of the flavonoid group, particularly diosmin and hesperidin, are currently used. Numerous studies have confirmed a vast range of biological effects of diosmin; however, there are only sporadic data on its endothelium protective effects.

Materials and methods. The study was performed in 70 white mature male rats of Wistar line, weighing 180-220 g. ED simulation was performed using non-selective blocker of NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Functional vascular tests and biochemical markers were used to determine a degree of correction of functional disorders. An anti-inflammatory effect of Detralex 1000 mg was estimated in 10 mature albino rabbits weighing 2800 - 3200 g by using o-xylene. The study of the venotonic property of the drug was carried out in the experiment in an isolated segment of the rats’ portal vein with Ca2+ solutions at a concentration of 0.08-1.75 mcM. The histologic specimens were prepared in accordance with the generally accepted methods.

Results and discussion. The administration of the test drug did not lead to a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure in the conditions of L-NAME-induced ED. However, there was a dose-dependent statistically significant decrease in the coefficient of ED (CED), which indicates a positive endothelium protective effect. Course administration of Detralex 1000 mg leads to a significant dose-dependent correction of platelet aggregation disorders, which is manifested in the extended aggregation time. The results of studying an anti-inflammatory activity of the drug showed a decrease in the size of spots caused by the application of o-xylene, and the extention of the time interval before their onset. Studying a Ca2+-mediated smooth muscle response showed that the vein contractile force reaches its maximum at a higher dosage of the drug with a lower concentration of Ca2+. In the morphological study of the stomach wall, small and large intestine of the intact rats and rats receiving a course of Detralex 1000 mg, there were no inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the comparison group.

Conclusions. The study found that Detralex 1000 mg significantly reduces the ED coefficient and slows platelet aggregation against the background of L-NAME-induced ED; the efficacy is dose-dependent. Detralex 1000 mg dose-dependently reduces vascular permeability disorders caused by the application of o-xylene. The test drug has a Ca2+-mediated mechanism of increasing the contractile activity of the venous wall. It was found that the course administration of the drug per os has no local irritative effect.
Revision of the calcareous fen arachnofauna: habitat affinities of the fen-inhabiting spiders
Authors: Štokmane Maija , Cera Inese
Published: December 2018

Calcareous fens are one of the most species-rich habitats of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. In spite of this species richness, however, calcareous fens are still rather poorly investigated. Consequently, the data of the fen-associated spider fauna are also largely lacking. The aim of the research was to study the spider fauna of the calcareous fens of Latvia and to draw conclusions about what kind of spider species and ecological groups typically inhabit calcareous fen habitats. Spiders were sampled in the summer months of 2010, 2011, and 2012 at nine different calcareous fens of the coastal lowland of Latvia. The spider collection was performed by pitfall traps and a sweep net. The examined material comprised 6631 adult spider individuals representing 21 families and 149 species. The main spider ecological groups that dominated in the studied calcareous fens were hygrophilous and photophilous species which largely reflect the main properties of our studied habitats, all of which were wet, open mire habitats. Nevertheless, the fen arachnofauna consisted also of spider groups which are less typical for moist, sun-exposed, and alkaline environments, like xerophilous, sciophilous, and sphagnophilous species, respectively. Finally, several spider species collected in this study have not been previously reported for the spider fauna of Latvia, and many more might still be undiscovered in these unique and poorly investigated habitats. Therefore, it is suggested that calcareous fens deserve special attention and they should definitely be investigated further.
A new genus and species of thorny lacewing from Upper Cretaceous Kuji amber, northeastern Japan (Neuroptera, Rhachiberothidae)
Authors: Nakamine Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shuhei
Published: December 2018

Kujiberothateruyukiigen. et sp. n., a remarkable new genus and species of Rhachiberothidae, is described from Upper Cretaceous amber from the Kuji area in northeastern Japan. This discovery represents the first record of this family both from Japan and from East Asia. This fossil taxon has the largest foreleg in the subfamily Paraberothinae found to date and its discovery implies that this group had higher morphological diversity in the Cretaceous than it does now. This finding also stresses the importance of the insect inclusions in Kuji amber, which have not been well explored in spite of their potential abundance.
« Si on se prétend politiquement engagés, on doit être dans l’action »
Authors: Madj  , Sonnette-Manouguian Marie
Published: December 2018

Né en 1963 en région parisienne, Madj passe une grande partie de sa vie dans la banlieue Nord-Est parisienne, entre Les Lilas, Romainville et Bagnolet. Grand amateur de musique, il écume les disquaires dès sa pré-adolescence dans les années 1970 à la recherche des nouveautés rock et d’échanges avec d’autres amateurs. C’est au cours des années 1980 qu’il est séduit par l’arrivée du genre musical rap, notamment grâce à des groupes qui font le pont entre les deux genres : Run-DMC et les Beastie Boys. En 1987, il devient un acteur de ces mouvements musicaux en animant, aux côtés de Mil, une émission sur Radio Beur (actuelle Beur FM) intitulée « Fusion dissidente » et sous-titrée « Tribune libre de la culture urbaine ». L’émission est parmi les premières à diffuser IAM sur des ondes parisiennes et elle reçoit de nombreux·ses artistes, comme les rappeurs de NTM ou d’Assassin qui viennent rapper en direct. Lorsque l’émission s’arrête en 1991, le groupe de rap Assassin, composé des rappeurs Rockin’Squat et Solo, du DJ Clyde et du producteur Doctor L, lui propose de le rejoindre en tant que manager. Rapidement, son rôle au sein d’Assassin Productions s’élargit : il gère l’image du groupe dans les médias mais travaille aussi à sa politisation et à ses liens avec les mouvements sociaux de l’époque, notamment en animant et rédigeant dans les années qui suivront du contenu d’analyse politique pour son site internet. Assassin devient le fer de lance d’un rap engagé, aussi bien dans des textes emprunts de théories marxistes que dans son soutien à de nombreux mouvements sociaux et politiques. Madj participe aux plus gros succès du groupe (comme L’homicide volontaire en 1995) et produit d’autres artistes (Kabal, La Caution) avec le label Assassin Productions, jusqu’en 2005. Depuis 2005, Madj poursuit son activité musicale en étant DJ.
Si les propos paraissent violents, la réalité est tellement plus violente !
Authors: Chilla  , Carrel Marion , Flory Julienne , Osganian Patricia
Published: December 2018

Un itinéraire dans Mouvements à 24 ans ? ! Faisant écho à l’article de Marion Dalibert dans ce numéro, on remarquera d’abord que, célébrée – non sans raisons – dans nombre de médias comme l’« étoile montante du rap » en France, Chilla affiche un profil idéal pour se différencier du rappeur mauvais coucheur : femme dans un milieu considéré comme masculin, métisse, elle ne vient pas des quartiers, elle a acquis une solide formation classique en conservatoire, elle rappe et chante, elle a fait le buzz avec trois titres féministes, elle ne s’exhibe pas dans ses clips. Mais Chilla, qui revient ici sur son jeune parcours, ne rentre pas dans les cases : si elle assume la référence féministe et se réclame de l’humanisme, elle n’a rien contre l’affichage de l’argent, l’hypersexualisation, ni même, sous certaines conditions, les bombements de torse machos. Elle livre également ses analyses sur le rap et les questions identitaires, la violence, l’importance de l’insolence et du second degré, les différentes formes de sexualité, le rôle des réseaux sociaux et le rapport des artistes à l’argent.
« C’est bien de perdre de temps à autre pour se rappeler qu’on n’est pas Napoléon »
Authors: Maestre Rita , Albenga Viviane , Jami Irène , Albenga Viviane
Published: December 2018

Politologue de formation, Rita Maestre, née en 1988, est membre du conseil citoyen de Podemos, où elle est responsable des politiques de bien-être social. Depuis 2015, élue sur la liste menée par Manuela Carmena, Ahora Madrid, elle est aussi porte-parole du conseil municipal de la ville de Madrid. Elle assure aussi la coordination du conseil de gouvernement local. Mouvements l’a rencontrée à l’occasion de sa participation au séminaire organisé à Madrid, les 2 et 3 mars 2018 (voir Mouvements n˚ 94, 2018/2).
L’importance de l’analyse de la pratique pour accueillir l’inquiétante étrangeté
Authors: Mitsopoulou-Sonta Aglaïa-Lila
Published: December 2018

Dans les groupes d’analyse de la pratique, il s’agit d’accompagner les équipes pendant un moment de crise et de perte de sens et il me paraît très important de proposer un temps de réflexion commune. Dans cet article, je présente les difficultés qu’une équipe institutionnelle rencontre pendant son travail avec des patients psychotiques et les enjeux psychiques qui sont mobilisés. Une résonance s’opère entre les difficultés vécues par le groupe des patients et ce que traverse l’équipe professionnelle. À partir de cette analyse, nous parvenons à mieux comprendre comment les liens entre la pression institutionnelle qui concerne les restrictions budgétaires et l’évaluation des professionnels concernés influencent le mal-être des patients. Au sein de l’emboîtement de ces trois espaces psychiques (institution, groupe des patients, groupe des soignants) circulent des dynamiques inconscientes qui éloignent les équipes professionnelles de leur tâche primaire. De ces ressentis particulièrement difficiles éprouvés au cours de ces moments émerge un sentiment d’inquiétante étrangeté.
L’expertise en sciences sociales : une affaire politique ? Le cas de l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire (Anses)
Authors: Benamouzig Daniel , Borraz Olivier , Jouzel Jean-Noël , Salomon Danielle
Published: December 2018

On a parfois reproché aux agences sanitaires de techniciser et de dépolitiser les controverses scientifiques. Jusqu’à quel point le recours croissant aux sciences sociales par ces agences participe-t-il d’une dépolitisation de l’expertise sanitaire ? Révèle-t-il au contraire les dimensions politiques intrinsèques du travail d’expertise ? L’observation empirique d’expertises réalisées au sein de l’Anses montre que l’inclusion des sciences sociales dans l’évaluation des risques contribue à renforcer ses dimensions politiques, en accompagnant l’émergence de nouveaux enjeux, en faisant apparaître des intérêts ou des valeurs divergentes, ou en renouvelant les modalités d’expertise sur des questions plus anciennes. Elle met aussi en évidence les stratégies que déploient les experts en sciences sociales pour légitimer leur rôle singulier dans l’expertise.
La place de la sociologie au sein d’une recherche-action collaborative : retour d’expérience sur une innovation en prévention des risques
Authors: Boutroy Eric , Soulé Bastien
Published: December 2018

À partir d’une expérience de cinq années de recherche soutenue par une fondation d’entreprise (2012-2017), cette contribution décrit nos pratiques d’enquête, de plus en plus finalisées et collaboratives. De quelle manière, et avec quels effets, un collectif de chercheurs a-t-il glissé d’une posture distanciée, initialement destinée à réaliser un état des lieux de l’accidentologie dans les sports de montagne, à une recherche-action centrée sur la coproduction d’une plateforme de partage de retours d’expérience ? Dans le cadre de commandes peu sociologisées, nous montrerons en quoi le fait d’être sociologues a facilité la réalisation des travaux, sans en occulter les limites et les compromis.
Growing a Professional Identity: A Grounded Theory of Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Goodolf Dawn M.
Published: December 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study was to construct a grounded theory that describes the experiences and explains the process of prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students as they progressed in a traditional nursing program.

Method:

Strauss and Corbin's approach to grounded theory was utilized to guide this study.

Result:

The basic social psychological process (BSPP) for baccalaureate nursing students that emerged was “searching for balance and utilizing support networks while growing a professional identity.” The core category identified was unanticipated expectations, whereas the subcategories that emerged were self-doubt, confidence, sacrifice, rigor, and relevance. To successfully progress through the program, students needed to relinquish preconceptions and acclimate to the academic and, ultimately, the professional nursing climate.

Conclusion:

Findings support and broaden previous research on the expectations and professional identity formation of nursing students. Understanding this BSPP process is beneficial for educators to promote a student-centered learning environment. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):705–711.]
Identifying Future Health Professionals' Understanding of the Determinants of Health
Authors: Baverstock Katherine A. , Gargya Diane Marie , Jackson Mervyn , Stupans Ieva
Published: December 2018

Background:

An understanding of the determinants of health is essential for all health professionals to be able to contribute to health promotion and disease prevention.

Method:

This project sought to explore first-year students' understanding of determinants of health through a photograph essay assessment.

Results:

Approximately one third of the students chose to depict social determinants of health, such as poverty and homelessness. Other determinants, such as individual human behavior, physical determinants, and policy, were less frequently selected. Content analysis of the students' photograph essay indicated two themes regarding approaches they believed could be used to improve equity— Education, and The Role of the Government.

Conclusion:

Given the expectations of health professionals to contribute to health promotion and disease prevention in their communities, the findings from this study provide evidence for the need to develop new teaching and learning strategies to more effectively prepare health professional students for the future. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):756–759.]
Innovative Approach to Address Disability Concepts and Standardized Patients With Disability in an Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Smeltzer Suzanne C. , Ross Jennifer G. , Mariani Bette , Meakim Colleen H. , Bruderle Elizabeth , Petit de Mange Elizabeth , Nthenge Serah
Published: December 2018

Background:

Despite a growing population of people with disabilities (PWD), health care professionals, including nurses, receive little educational preparation to provide health care to them. To address this issue in nursing education, the faculty of a school of nursing designed and implemented an innovative teaching strategy that can be adopted by other nursing programs and faculty.

Method:

A systematic plan was developed and implemented to integrate standardized patients with disabilities (SPWD) into an existing undergraduate nursing program. Steps included careful planning, review, and modification of existing simulation-based scenarios, obtaining buy-in of faculty across the curriculum, recruitment and training of PWD to be SPWD, and implementation of the project.

Results:

The program in which all undergraduate nursing students have repeated contact with SPWD has been successfully implemented throughout the curriculum.

Conclusion:

The project addressed the multiple calls to improve the preparation of health care professionals to provide quality care to PWD. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):760–764.]
Differentiating Footprints of Sympatric Rodents in Coastal Dune Communities: Implications for Imperiled Beach Mice
Authors: Greene Daniel U. , Oddy Donna M. , Gore Jeffery A. , Gillikin Michael N. , Evans Emily , Gann Shanon L. , Leone Erin H.
Published: December 2018

Identifying techniques for conducting frequent, effective, and inexpensive monitoring of small mammals can be challenging. Traditional approaches such as livetrapping can be laborious, expensive, detrimental to animal health, and ineffective. Passive approaches such as tracking (e.g., from tracks on the ground or footprints collected at a tracking station) have been shown to lessen those burdens, but a problem with tracking, particularly for rodents, is the uncertainty in identifying species from footprints. To address the need for a more accurate method of identifying small mammal tracks, we measured footprints from live-captured rodents and developed a classification tree for distinguishing between subspecies and species using footprint widths treated as having known or unknown identification. We captured rodents within or near the coastal dunes of Florida and Alabama with a focus on areas occupied by threatened and endangered beach mice Peromyscus polionotus subspp., whose populations warrant regular monitoring but whose tracks are not easily distinguished from those of some sympatric species. We measured 6,996 front and hind footprints from 540 individuals across eight species. The overall accuracy of our classification tree was 82.6% and we achieved this using only the front footprint width. Footprint width cutoffs for species identification were < 5.5 mm for house mice Mus musculus, 5.5–6.7 mm for beach mice, and 6.7–8.3 mm for cotton mice Peromyscus gossypinus. We were most successful in confirming the identity of beach mice: we correctly classified approximately 94% of beach mice, while we misclassified fewer than 6% as house mice and fewer than 1% as cotton mice. When we input a beach mouse individual into the classification tree as of an unknown species, we correctly identified 78.1% of individuals as beach mice from their tracks, and most incorrect identifications were of house mouse tracks. Our study demonstrates that researchers can identify sympatric rodent species in coastal dune communities from tracks using quantitative classification based on footprint width. Accurate identification of beach mice or other imperiled species from tracks has important management implications. Not only can wildlife managers determine the presence of a species accurately, but they can monitor populations with considerably less effort than livetrapping requires. Although our study was specific to coastal dune communities, our methods could be adapted for the creation of a classification tree for identifying tracks from suites of species in other areas.
L’histoire aux prises avec les mémoires. L’exemple du musée avorté de Montpellier sur l’histoire de la France et de l’Algérie
Authors: Henry Jean-Robert
Published: December 2018

Plusieurs initiatives récentes ont entrepris de mettre les savoirs historiques produits sur les rapports franco-maghrébins à la portée du grand public, notamment scolaire. Le Musée d’Histoire de la France et de l’Algérie (MHFA) à Montpellier était l’une des plus ambitieuses. Reformulant un projet tourné initialement vers les attentes mémorielles des Français d’Algérie, il avait mobilisé des dizaines de professionnels du patrimoine et de chercheurs français et algériens pour tenter de proposer un parcours commun dans l’histoire des deux pays. Il s’agissait moins de confronter des mémoires multiples et divergentes que d’inviter les porteurs de celles-ci à se soumettre à un devoir d’histoire pour mieux entrer en dialogue. Mais en juin 2014, le nouveau maire de Montpellier a décidé brutalement d’arrêter le projet de musée, sous la pression notamment des associations algérianistes. Cette décision a suscité pendant plusieurs mois un très vif et large débat public. L’article, écrit par l’ancien président du Comité scientifique du musée, rappelle la genèse et le développement du projet et s’interroge sur les raisons structurelles et conjoncturelles, locales et nationales, qui ont pesé sur son abandon. En sens inverse, la forte réaction des milieux universitaires et culturels a cependant contribué à valider l’intérêt de l’entreprise, comme en témoignent la survie de certains aspects du projet et la tentative du chef de l’Etat de le relancer en 2016. La leçon qui reste de cette expérience est que l’histoire croisée de la France et du Maghreb est plus que jamais nécessaire, mais trouve difficilement sa place dans des politiques mémorielles aux objectifs ambigus.
A correction of a gut microflora composition for the allergic bronchial asthma complex therapy
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir , Zolnikova Oxana , Potskherashvili Nino , Trukhmanov Alexander , Kokina Natalia , Dzhakhaya Natiya
Published: December 2018

The efficacy of a gut microbiota control was investigated for patients with atopic asthma. 45 patients with atopic asthma were included in the study. The results of our clinical and lab tests, pulmonary function tests and the lactulose hydrogen breath tests have been presented to evaluate small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Under the standard SIBO’s therapy (long-acting beta-agonists, inhaled glucocorticoids), the first group (15 patients) had being tested with Rifaximin for the SIBO therapy during 7 days. The second group (15 patients) had been tested with Rifaximin and with a succeeding probiotics therapy for three months (B. bifidum, B. longum, B. infantis, L. rhamnosus). SIBO was diagnosed for 30 (67%) patients. We have detected a higher IgE level (P<0.01), a higher eosinophils level (P<0.001) in sputum and more significant decrease of FEV1 (P<0.01) in SIBO(+). The IgE level in patients was decreased (P<0.01) after the complex SIBO therapy both for the Rifaximin therapy group (P<0.05) and for the Rifaximin + Probiotic therapy group (P<0.05). A dramatic decrease of the IgE level (P<0.05) had been induced by probiotics and it was confirmed by the control testing results with a high statistical accuracy for the observed groups of patients. We did not detect any changes for the patients without SIBO (P=0.46), those who had been treated with a standard therapy. A decrease in the number of patient hospitalization was defined by the treatment with probiotics after SIBO therapy (P<0.05). So, SIBO is a significant factor aggravating the atopic asthma in patients. The gut microflora correction with probiotics therapy has been accompanied by a statistical reliability improvement for the immune response and spirometry, as well as by a decrease in the number of hospitalizations for these patients during the year.
Implantable device-related endocarditis detected by point-of-care echocardiography in a patient with dyspnea and chest pain
Authors: Sforza Alfonso , Carlino Maria Viviana , Guarino Mario , De Stefano Giuliano , Arnone Maria Immacolata , Auciello Stefania , D'Amato Andrea , Mancusi Costantino
Published: December 2018

We describe a case of a 70-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and chest pain. He had history of atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prosthetic mitral valve and pacemaker implantation. He had a sepsis related to multiple bilateral septic emboli pointed out by chest computed tomography scan. Point of care echocardiography showed a pacemaker-related endocarditis with large vegetation on the right ventricular lead. The patient started empiric antibiotic therapy and he was addressed to complete hardware removal.