bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Deprotection of Dithioacetals with 30% Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Tantalum(V) Chloride—Sodium Iodide or Niobium(V) Chloride—Sodium Iodide.
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Noguchi Takuya , Okajima Nobuhiro , Naito Sayuri , Ishizuka Yuki , Harano Aiko , Tsukiji Hiroyuki , Takizawa Ryu
Published: June 2012

A range of functional groups is inert and unaffected under these reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Long‐Chain α‐Alkyl‐β‐hydroxy Esters Using Allylic Halides in a Frater—Seebach Alkylation.
Authors: Khan Ashna A. , Chee Stephanie H. , Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M.
Published: June 2012

The improved Frater—Seebach methodology for the introduction of α‐substituents to chiral β‐hydroxy esters is also applicable to long‐chain allylic iodides resulting in better yields for the α‐alkylation compared to the appropriate saturated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Si‐Free Enolate Claisen Rearrangements of Enamido Substrates.
Authors: Harker Wesley R. R. , Carswell Emma L. , Carbery David R.
Published: June 2012

The protocol for the reaction of allyl esters (Ia)—(Ic) actually compliments a traditional silylation approach for arylacetate esters [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Including Asymmetric Synthesis, of 3‐Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes by the 1,5‐CH Insertion of Cyclopropylmagnesium Carbenoids as the Key Reaction.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Tsuru Takahiro , Ikeda Shotaro , Miyagawa Toshifumi , Momochi Hitoshi , Kimura Tsutomu
Published: June 2012

On treatment with iPr—MgCl, a variety of 1‐chlorocyclopropyl p‐tolyl sulfoxides bearing an ether functional group at the 2‐ or 4‐position of the alkyl side chain gives the bicyclic title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Enantioselective Bifunctional Catalysts for Nitro‐Michael Addition of Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Tuchman‐Shukron Lital , Miller Scott J. , Portnoy Moshe
Published: June 2012

For the substrates (II), (IVb), (VIa) the title reaction gives better yields and enantioselectivities with the presented organocatalyst, which is prepared for the first time for this reaction, than for all previously reported similar systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Carbonyl Groups in the Presence of Aldehydes.
Authors: Bastug Gulluzar , Dierick Steve , Lebreux Frederic , Marko Istvan E.
Published: June 2012

The method is based on the ability of diethylaluminium benzenethiolate to mediate the in situ reduction of ketones and esters in the presence of aldehydes intra‐ or intermolecularly.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective AgNTf2‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes with Anilines.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Bin , Li Guangzhao , Shu Xin , Mungra Divyesh C. , Zhu Jin
Published: June 2012

The reaction of unsymmetrical alkynes with 1 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerated Pd‐Catalyzed Ketone γ‐Arylation via C—C Cleavage with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Ziadi Asraa , Martin Ruben
Published: June 2012

The ring‐opening γ‐arylation tolerates a broad scope of aromatic and heteroaromatic chlorides and various substitutions on the cyclobutane backbone bearing an unprotected hydroxyl function at a tertiary carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Aromatic Ketones from Aromatic Bromides and Arenes with Aldehydes.
Authors: Ushijima Sousuke , Dohi Souya , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: June 2012

A novel environmentally benign method for the preparation of various aromatic ketones includes a simple experimental procedure and transition‐metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ambient Schmittel Cyclization Promoted by Chemoselective Triazole‐Gold Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Qiaoyi , Aparaj Siddhita , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: June 2012

Triazole‐gold‐catalyzed Propargyl vinyl ether rearrangement according to A) followed by cyclization allows an access to the previously challenging benzannulated indenes at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Phenacylpyridinium Bromides in the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Chuang Che‐Ping , Chen Kuang‐Po
Published: June 2012

Benzylidene 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds are generated in situ from aromatic aldehydes and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and subjected to reaction with N‐phenacylpyridinium bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient One‐Step Synthesis of Nitrogen Stilbene Analogues by Transition Metal‐Free Hydroamination of Arylacetylenes with Pyrroles.
Authors: Dvorko Marina Yu. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Glotova Tatyana E. , Shabalin Dmitrii A. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Kobychev Vladimir B. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: June 2012

The stereochemistry of the products, ranging from 100% (E) to 96% (Z), is controlled kinetically on the initial stages of the reaction and thermodynamically in the end of the process depending on the nature of substrates and the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro[furan‐3,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones by PET‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Reactions of Spiro[indoline‐3,2′‐oxiran]‐2‐ones with Electron‐Rich Olefins.
Authors: Wang Lihong , Li Zhanshan , Lu Lianhong , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2012

The efficient photochemical approach proceeds by oxirane ring‐opening and subsequent cycloaddition with olefins using PET as a sensitizer.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Regioselective C2‐Amination of Indoles and a Concise Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Folicanthine.
Authors: Li Ying‐Xiu , Wang Hai‐Xi , Ali Shaukat , Xia Xiao‐Feng , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: June 2012

A highly efficient, atom‐economical, environmentally friendly and metal‐free direct C‐2 amination of indole derivatives with N‐tosylanilines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Asymmetric α Alkylation of Ketones by Broensted Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Song Liu , Guo Qi‐Xiang , Li Xing‐Cheng , Tian Juan , Peng Yun‐Gui
Published: June 2012

The direct alkylation of unmotified ketones with an activated alcohol proceeds successfully in the presence of phosphoric acid BPA to produce good to excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Monodentate Phosphines and Bulky Carboxylic Acids: Cooperative Effects in Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Saget Tanguy , Lemouzy Sebastien J. , Cramer Nicolai
Published: June 2012

Sterically demanding electron‐rich, and air‐stable ligands of type (I) are successful in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Alkynylimidazoles.
Authors: Wang Man‐Gang , Wu Jun , Shang Zhi‐Cai
Published: June 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for the cross‐coupling of imidazoles with dibromoalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Huisgen Click Cycloadditions from a Copper(II)‐Tren Precatalyst Without External Sacrificial Reductant.
Authors: Harmand Lydie , Lescure Marie‐Helene , Candelon Nicolas , Duttine Mathieu , Lastecoueres Dominique , Vincent Jean‐Marc
Published: June 2012

Title complexes such as (I) are suitable pre‐catalysts for the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides to terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Convergent One‐Pot Four‐Component Regioselective Synthesis of 4H‐Benzo[f]chromenes via Annulation of β‐Oxodithioesters.
Authors: Samai Subhasis , Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: June 2012

The InCl3‐catalyzed coupling of β‐naphthol with an aromatic aldehyde, a dithioester (III) and a primary alcohol creates four new bonds and one stereocenter in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrothiopyrans via (3,5)‐Thionium—Ene Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Bondalapati Somasekhar , Gogoi Paramartha , Indukuri Kiran , Saikia Anil K.
Published: June 2012

The reaction with aldehydes (IV) and (VI) leads to tricyclic compounds via concomitant intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation under Catalysis of an Oxime‐Derived Palladacycle: Search for a Phosphane‐Free Method.
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Zhao Xiaobao , Yan Yunbing , Ding Chengrong
Published: June 2012

Conditions A) are used for the preparation of various phenanthridine structures as alkaloid analogues and for the arylation of the biologically interesting benzothiazole scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Aminomethylated Azaindoles and Corresponding Pyrrole‐Fused Derivatives by Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Multicomponent Coupling and Cyclization.
Authors: Hou Zengye , Suzuki Yamato , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: June 2012

Since the introduction of an alkynyl group after formation of the azaindole skeleton [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Crabbe Homologation‐Radical Cascade Cyclization with Memory of Chirality.
Authors: Mondal Shovan , Nechab Malek , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bertrand Michele P.
Published: June 2012

The tandem Crabbe homologation—radical rearrangement of terminal enediynes (I), (IV) and (VI) leads, in a one‐pot procedure, to the enantioselective synthesis of six‐ and seven‐membered ring α‐aminoesters (III), (V), and (VII) bearing a quaternary stereocenter based on the phenomenon of memory of chirality.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3‐Oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines via an Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Esmaeili Abbas Ali , Zangouei Mahdieh , Fakhari Ali Reza , Habibi Azizollah
Published: June 2012

The uncatalyzed one‐pot reaction offers a direct approach to title compounds (IV), which are of potential synthetic and pharmaceutical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Michael Addition of Azaheterocycles to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Acid under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Dubois Lilian , Acher Francine C. , McCort‐Tranchepain Isabelle
Published: June 2012

Michael addition of N‐9 adenine (I) to tert‐butylacrylate or acrylic acid proceeds under phase‐transfer catalysis in the presence of DABCO to give N‐alkylated products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐ones Through Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of N‐(2‐Haloaryl)propiolamides with Sodium Azide.
Authors: Yan Jiajie , Zhou Fengtao , Qin Dongguang , Cai Tong , Ding Ke , Cai Qian
Published: June 2012

The reaction is effective starting from iodo and bromo substrates, tolerates aromatic and aliphatic substituents at the triple bond and different substituents at the nitrogen and on the aromatic ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel 6‐Substituted 5‐Alkoxy(benzyloxy)‐3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Geffken Detlef , Hansen Finn K. , Khankischpur Mehdi , Mauz Tobias , Meurer Ronald
Published: June 2012

The novel type of heterocycle (II) is of interest in drug development.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines.
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Chiarucci Michel , Mazzanti Andrea , Mancinelli Michele , Bandini Marco
Published: June 2012

Gold‐catalyzed hydroindolination/iminium trapping sequences lead to chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective construction of the tetracyclic dihydropyranylindolines [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐Based Four‐Component Synthesis of Ferrocenyl 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles.
Authors: Amanpour Tayebeh , Mirzaei Peiman , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: June 2012

A novel successful method results in the synthesis of arylamino tetrazoles (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Two New Phenolic Glycosides, Kaempferiaosides A and B, and Hepatoprotective Constituents from the Rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora.
Authors: Chaipech Saowanee , Morikawa Toshio , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Yoshikawa Masayuki , Pongpiriyadacha Yutana , Hayakawa Takao , Muraoka Osamu
Published: June 2012

New compounds, kaempferiaosides A and B (I) are isolated together with 24 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Lactones from δ‐Lactones: Total Synthesis of the Biosynthetic Derailment Product Mupirocin H.
Authors: Scott Robert W. , Mazzetti Carlo , Simpson Thomas J. , Willis Christine L.
Published: June 2012

A convergent total synthesis of mupirocin H (IX) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐Oxo and Peroxo Complexes in Oxygen Atom Transfer Processes with O2 as the Primary Oxidant
Authors: Arzoumanian Henri
Published: June 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Parallel Microwave Chemistry in Silicon Carbide Microtiter Platforms: A Review
Authors: Kappe C. Oliver , Damm Markus
Published: June 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(trimethylsilyl)methane
Authors: Sakurai Hideki
Published: June 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine
Authors: Kosarev Sergey A. , Collier Steven J.
Published: June 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current‐Induced Torques in Magnetic Materials
Authors: Brataas Arne , Kent Andrew D. , Ohno Hideo
Published: June 2012

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Sensitivity Nanosensors for Biomarker Detection
Authors: Swierczewska Magdalena , Liu Gang , Lee Seulki , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Term Tracking of Cells Using Inorganic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Taylor Arthur , Wilson Katie M. , Murray Patricia , Fernig David G. , Levy Raphael
Published: June 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Golden Age: Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedicine
Authors: Dreaden Erik C. , Alkilany Alaadin M. , Huang Xiaohua , Murphy Catherine J. , El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: June 2012

Review: 472 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Changing and Challenging Times for Service Crystallography
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Gale Philip A.
Published: June 2012

Review: overview of challenges in operating a crystallgraphic facility from the perspective and experience of the Uk National Crystallography Service; 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hunting the Chameleon: Structural Conformations of the Intrinsically Disordered Protein α‐Synuclein
Authors: Drescher Malte , Huber Martina , Subramaniam Vinod
Published: June 2012

Review: 130 refs.
Spatiotemporal distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2 in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: An Sungwon , Tsai Connie , Ronecker Julie , Bayly Alison , Herzog Erik D.
Published: June 2012

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) signaling is critical for circadian rhythms. For example, the expression of VIP and its main receptor, VPAC2R, is necessary for maintaining synchronous daily rhythms among neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a master circadian pacemaker in animals. Where and when VPAC2R protein is expressed in the SCN and other brain areas has not been examined. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized a new antibody and found that VPAC2R was highly enriched in the SCN and detectable at low levels in many brain areas. Within the SCN, VPAC2R was circadian, peaking in the subjective morning, and abundantly expressed from the rostral to caudal margins with more in the dorsomedial than ventrolateral area. VPAC2R was found in nearly all SCN cells including neurons expressing either VIP or vasopressin (AVP). SCN neurons mainly expressed VPAC2R in their somata and dendrites, not axons. Finally, constant light increased VIP and AVP expression, but not VPAC2R. We conclude that the circadian clock, not the ambient light level, regulates VPAC2R protein localization. These results are consistent with VPAC2R playing a role in VIP signaling at all times of day, broadly throughout the brain and in all SCN cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2730–2741, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) in the primary visual cortex of the macaque and human
Authors: Garcia‐Marin Virginia , Ahmed Tunazzina H. , Afzal Yasmeen C. , Hawken Michael J.
Published: June 2012

The majority of thalamic terminals in V1 arise from lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) afferents. Thalamic afferent terminals are preferentially labeled by an isoform of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGluT2. The goal of our study was to determine the distribution of VGluT2‐ir puncta in macaque and human visual cortex. First, we investigated the distribution of VGluT2‐ir puncta in all layers of macaque monkey primary visual cortex (V1), and found a very close correspondence between the known distribution of LGN afferents from previous studies and the distribution of VGluT2‐immunoreactive (‐ir) puncta. There was also a close correspondence between cytochrome oxidase density and VGluT2‐ir puncta distribution. After validating the correspondence in macaque, we made a comparative study in human V1. In many aspects, the distribution of VGluT2‐ir puncta in human was qualitatively similar to that of the macaque: high densities in layer 4C, patches of VGluT2‐ir puncta in the supragranular layer (2/3), lower but clear distribution in layers 1 and 6, and very few puncta in layers 5 and 4B. However, there were also important differences between macaques and humans. In layer 4A of human, there was a sparse distribution of VGluT2‐ir puncta, whereas in macaque, there was a dense distribution with the characteristic honeycomb organization. The results suggest important changes in the pattern of cortical VGluT2 immunostaining that may be related to evolutionary differences in the cortical organization of LGN afferents between Old World monkeys and humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:130–151, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multisensory centrifugal neuron in the olfactory pathway of heliothine moths
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Cheng , Pfuhl Gerit , Surlykke Annemarie , Tro Jan , Berg Bente G.
Published: June 2012

We have characterized, by intracellular recording and staining, a unique type of centrifugal neuron in the brain olfactory center of two heliothine moth species; one in Heliothis virescens and one in Helicoverpa armigera. This unilateral neuron, which is not previously described in any moth, has fine processes in the dorsomedial region of the protocerebrum and extensive neuronal branches with blebby terminals in all glomeruli of the antennal lobe. Its soma is located dorsally of the central body close to the brain midline. Mass‐fills of antennal‐lobe connections with protocerebral regions showed that the centrifugal neuron is, in each brain hemisphere, one within a small group of neurons having their somata clustered. In both species the neuron was excited during application of non‐odorant airborne signals, including transient sound pulses of broad bandwidth and air velocity changes. Additional responses to odors were recorded from the neuron in Heliothis virescens. The putative biological significance of the centrifugal antennal‐lobe neuron is discussed with regard to its morphological and physiological properties. In particular, a possible role in multisensory processes underlying the moth's ability to adapt its odor‐guided behaviors according to the sound of an echo‐locating bat is considered. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:152–168, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction pathway and climate trump ecology and life history as predictors of establishment success in alien frogs and toads
Authors: Rago Alfredo , While Geoffrey M. , Uller Tobias
Published: June 2012

A major goal for ecology and evolution is to understand how abiotic and biotic factors shape patterns of biological diversity. Here, we show that variation in establishment success of nonnative frogs and toads is primarily explained by variation in introduction pathways and climatic similarity between the native range and introduction locality, with minor contributions from phylogeny, species ecology, and life history. This finding contrasts with recent evidence that particular species characteristics promote evolutionary range expansion and reduce the probability of extinction in native populations of amphibians, emphasizing how different mechanisms may shape species distributions on different temporal and spatial scales. We suggest that contemporary changes in the distribution of amphibians will be primarily determined by human‐mediated extinctions and movement of species within climatic envelopes, and less by species‐typical traits.
Maintenance of genetic diversity in cyclic populations—a longitudinal analysis inMyodes glareolus
Authors: Rikalainen Kaisa , Aspi Jouni , Galarza Juan A. , Koskela Esa , Mappes Tapio
Published: June 2012

Conspicuous cyclic changes in population density characterize many populations of small northern rodents. The extreme crashes in individual number are expected to reduce the amount of genetic variation within a population during the crash phases of the population cycle. By long‐term monitoring of a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population, we show that despite the substantial and repetitive crashes in the population size, high heterozygosity is maintained throughout the population cycle. The striking population density fluctuation in fact only slightly reduced the allelic richness of the population during the crash phases. Effective population sizes of vole populations remained also relatively high even during the crash phases. We further evaluated potential mechanisms contributing to the genetic diversity of the population and found that the peak phases are characterized by both a change in spatial pattern of individuals and a rapid accession of new alleles probably due to migration. We propose that these events act together in maintaining the high genetic diversity within cyclical populations.
Programed nebulizing‐gas pressure mode for quantitative capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry analysis of endocrine disruptors in honey
Authors: Domínguez‐Álvarez Javier , Rodríguez‐Gonzalo Encarnación , Hernández‐Méndez Jesús , Carabias‐Martínez Rita
Published: June 2012

The application of programed nebulizing‐gas pressure (PNP) has been previously described to be a simple strategy for the separation of anions by capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS). The PNP mode provided high resolution and stable analyses and also had the advantage of allowing the use of capillaries wider than the 50–75 μm conventional ones. Here, the application of the PNP approach to the quantitative analysis of pollutants in real samples by CE‐ESI‐MS is described for the first time; in particular, for the determination several endocrine disruptors (2,4‐dichlorophenol, 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, bisphenol‐A, 4‐tert‐butyl‐phenol, and 4‐tert‐butyl benzoic acid) in honey. For sample pretreatment, different liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) procedures were assayed and compared to the QuEChERS© methodology prior to electrophoretic analysis. With the application of the PNP approach to CE‐ESI‐MS, the limits of detection achieved were in the 1–4 ng/g range with a simple liquid–liquid procedure without any further clean‐up step; relative standard deviation values in the 2–9% range were found. The analytical characteristics allow the proposed method to be used in the control analysis of these compounds in honey.
Molecularly imprinted matrix solid‐phase dispersion coupled to micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous determination of triazines in soil, fruit, and vegetable samples
Authors: Wen Yingying , Chen Lingxin , Li Jinhua , Ma Yanling , Xu Shoufang , Zhang Zhong , Niu Zongliang , Choo Jaebum
Published: June 2012

A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of four triazines from soil, strawberry, and tomato samples was developed by selective molecularly imprinted matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MI‐MSPD) coupled to micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Using atrazine as template, the synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were employed as the dispersion sorbent of MSPD to successfully extract atrazine and its analogs of simazine, ametryn, and propazine from the three different real samples, while matrix interferences were effectively eliminated simultaneously under the optimum extraction conditions. Excellent separation was achieved within 7 min by using an optimized buffer system composed of 30 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 20 mmol/L SDS, and 15% ACN at pH 9.45, obtained by orthogonal design. Good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.5–25 μg/g with the correlation coefficients R2 ≥0.9991 except for strawberry sample within 1–25 μg/g, and limits of detection were between 12.9–31.5 ng/g in all the three samples. The average recoveries of the four triazines at three different spiked levels were ranged from 53.5 to 98.4% with the relative standard deviations of 1.28–4.89%. This method was proved convenient, costeffective, and environmental benign and could be used as an alternative tool to the existing methods for analyzing the residues of triazines in soil, fruit, and vegetable samples.
Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Pyrochlore‐type (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 Ceramics
Authors: Xia X.‐L. , Liu Z.‐G. , Ouyang J.‐H. , Zheng Y.
Published: June 2012

(Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) samples are prepared by solid state reaction method using Sm2O3, Eu2O3, and ZrO2 as starting materials. The phase composition and microstructure of (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 ceramics are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. XRD and TEM show that all the samples exhibit a single pyrochlore‐type structure. HRTEM observation indicates that the whole grain interior of Sm2Zr2O7 ceramic is a perfect crystal free of any dislocation. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the degree of structural disorder of (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 ceramics increases gradually with increasing Eu content. The electrical conductivity of (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 ceramics is investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the air and hydrogen atmospheres, respectively. The electrical conductivity of (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 ceramics increases with increasing Eu content at identical temperature levels. Both the activation energy Eg and the pre‐exponential factor σ0g for the grain conductivity gradually increase with increasing Eu content. As the ionic conductivity shows no obvious change in both air and hydrogen atmospheres, the conduction of (Sm1–xEux)2Zr2O7 is purely ionic with negligible electronic conduction.
Residual Stress and Buckling Patterns of Free‐standing Yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia Membranes Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Evans A. , Prestat M. , Tölke R. , Schlupp M. V. F. , Gauckler L. J. , Safa Y. , Hocker T. , Courbat J. , Briand D. , de Rooij N. F. , Courty D.
Published: June 2012

The residual stress and buckling patterns of free‐standing 8 mol.% yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (8YSZ) membranes prepared by pulsed laser deposition and microfabrication techniques on silicon substrates are investigated by wafer curvature, light microscopy, white light interferometry, and nanoindentation. The 300 nm thin 8YSZ membranes (390 μm × 390 μm) deposited at 25 °C are almost flat after free‐etching, whereas deposition at 700 °C yields strongly buckled membranes with a compressive stress of –1,100 ± 150 MPa and an out‐of‐plane‐displacement of 6.5 μm. These latter membranes are mechanically stable during thermal cycling up to 500 °C. Numerical simulations of the buckling shape using the Rayleigh–Ritz‐method and a Young's modulus of 200 GPa are in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulated buckling patterns are used to extract the local stress distribution within the free‐standing membrane which consists of tensile and compressive stress regions that are below the failure stresses. This is important regarding the application in, e.g., microsolid oxide fuel cell membranes which must be thermomechanically stable during microfabrication and device operation.
Competence Assessment in Higher Education: A Dynamic Approach
Authors: Achcaoucaou Fariza , Guitart‐Tarrés Laura , Miravitlles‐Matamoros Paloma , Núñez‐Carballosa Ana , Bernardo Mercé , Bikfalvi Andrea
Published: June 2012

Advances in the implementation of the European Higher Education Area have had a great impact on university environment and the process of design, evaluation, and implementation of new curricula. Identifying competence levels among students can help course organizers to improve both academic content and teaching/learning processes. The present study addresses this issue by examining the implementation of an Internet‐based competency assessment tool. We analyze the status and evolution of soft skills among students on the Official Masters program Creating and Managing Innovative Technology‐Based Companies at the University of Barcelona, using a tool known as Tricuspoid, specifically designed for evaluating entrepreneurial competences. The results show that the tool, first, enables students to identify their strong and weak points and to develop personal strategies for improvement; second, provides teachers with additional information about the effects of their input on student competences; and third, supplies useful information for quality management of the Master's programs, because it can detect trends in the training needs of new students and help to enhance content accordingly, and therefore match the design of the academic program to the requirements of labor market. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterning of retinoic acid signaling and cell proliferation in the hippocampus
Authors: Goodman Timothy , Crandall James E. , Nanescu Sonia E. , Quadro Loredana , Shearer Kirsty , Ross Alexander , McCaffery Peter
Published: June 2012

The nuclear receptor ligand retinoic acid (RA) has been identified as an endogenous regulatory factor in the hippocampus, acting on pyramidal neurons and granule neuron progenitors, but almost nothing is known about the distribution of RA itself in the hippocampus. This study describes the source of RA for the rodent hippocampus in the meninges via the key RA synthetic enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2). Diffusion of RA from the meninges potentially creates a gradient of RA across the infrapyramidal and suprapyramidal blades of the dentate gyrus, enhanced by the expression of the RA catabolic enzyme Cyp26B1 between the blades, and an infrapyramidal and suprapyramidal blade difference is evident in RA‐regulated transcription. This asymmetry may contribute to some of the physiological and molecular differences between the blades, including a disparity in the rates of cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the two blades through RA inhibition of cell proliferation. Such differences can be altered by either the application of excess RA, its effect dependent on the relative position along the septotemporal axis, or change in RA signaling through mutation of retinol binding protein, while the capacity of RA to inhibit proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus is demonstrated using in vitro slice culture. Use of synthetic and catabolic enzymes in the hippocampus to create differing zones of RA concentration parallels the mechanisms used in the developing brain to generate patterns of RA‐regulated transcription. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative scar hyperalgesia is associated with post‐operative pain in women undergoing a repeat Caesarean delivery
Authors: Ortner C.M. , Granot M. , Richebé P. , Cardoso M. , Bollag L. , Landau R.
Published: June 2012

Background

Over 1.4 million Caesarean deliveries are performed annually in the United States, out of which 30% are elective repeat procedures. Post‐operative hyperalgesia is associated with an increased risk for persistent post‐surgical pain; however, there are no data on whether residual scar hyperalgesia (SHA) from a previous Caesarean delivery (CD) persists until the next delivery. We hypothesized that residual SHA may be present in a substantial proportion of women and is associated with increased post‐operative pain.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐three women scheduled for a repeat CD under spinal anaesthesia were enrolled into the study. Mechanical temporal summation (mTS) and SHA index were measured preoperatively. SHA was considered present when the index was >0. Post‐operative pain scores at 12, 24 and 48 h and wound hyperalgesia (WHA) at 48 h were recorded.

Results

SHA was present in 67 women 41% with a median SHA index of 0.42 (Q
25 = 0.25; Q
75 = 1.1, range 0.03–4.25). Women with SHA had overall higher post‐operative pain scores and SHA was correlated with preoperative mTS (r = 0.164, p < 0.05), post‐operative pain severity (r = 0.25, p < 0.002) and WHA at 48 h (r = 0.608, p < 0.001). Severe pain (visual analogue pain scale‐S48 ≥ 7, n = 20) was predicted with a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 62%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 18% and negative predictive value was 92%.

Conclusions

Preoperative SHA is present in 41% of women scheduled for repeat CD and is associated with increased mTS and post‐operative pain. Screening for preoperative SHA may predict women at risk for increased post‐operative pain, and guide post‐operative analgesia to include anti‐hyperalgesic drugs.
COMPARISON OF MODEL AVERAGING TECHNIQUES: ASSESSING GROWTH DETERMINANTS
Authors: Amini Shahram M. , Parmeter Christopher F.
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the replicability of three important studies on growth theory uncertainty that employed Bayesian model averaging tools. We compare these results with estimates obtained using alternative, recently developed model averaging techniques. Overall, we successfully replicate all three studies, find that the sign and magnitude of these new estimates are reasonably close to those produced via traditional Bayesian methods and deploy a novel strategy to implement one of the new averaging estimators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfection of HCVc improves hTERT expression through STAT3 pathway by epigenetic regulation in Huh7 cells
Authors: Guo Ning , Cheng Di , Li Zhi Hua , Zhou Quan Bo , Zhou Jia Jia , Lin Qing , Zeng Bing , Liao Qiaofang , Chen Ru Fu
Published: June 2012

Previous studies showed that transient transfection of HCVc improved hTERT expression in hepatoma cell lines and it was noteworthy that phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were up regulated simultaneously. This study was designed to investigate the role of epigenetic regulation in the process of hTERT up regulation after HCVc transfection. Q‐PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of pSTAT3, DNMT1, and hTERT after the transfection of HCVc in hepatoma cell line Huh7. Proliferation and hTERT activity of Huh7 after HCVc transfection were examined by CCK8 and ELISA, respectively. Then, we blocked the JAK/STAT3 pathway or inhibited DNMT1 expression to investigate the regulation of pSTAT3, DNMT1, and hTERT. Methylation status of the promoter of hTERT gene was monitored by MS‐PCR. Cell proliferation, hTERT expression level and activity of hTERT were promoted after HCVc transfection. The expression of pSTAT3 and DNMT1 were up‐regulated simultaneously. DNMT1 and hTERT were down‐regulated after blocking JAK/STAT3 pathway and the expression of hTERT weakened with DNMT1 inhibition. MS‐PCR showed HCVc transfection increased the methylation level of hTERT promoter, and this effect was weakened after blocking the JAK/STAT3 pathway or with the treatment with DNMT1 inhibitor. HCVc transfection improved hTERT expression via epigenetic regulation. JAK/STAT3 pathway could be one of the essential factors in regulating DNMT1 expression during this process. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3419–3426, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TULA‐family proteins: A new class of cellular regulators
Authors: Tsygankov Alexander Y.
Published: June 2012

Proteins of the UBASH3/STS/TULA family recently emerged as potent regulators of cellular functions. They are characterized by a unique architecture, featuring at least three functional domains. One of them is a histidine phosphatase domain, which mediates the protein tyrosine phosphatase activity of these proteins. Recent studies demonstrated that UBASH3/STS/TULA‐family proteins play a key role in down‐regulating receptor‐mediated signal transduction and physiologic responses of T cells and platelets in vitro and in vivo. The Syk‐family protein tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap‐70 were identified as major targets of TULA‐2 in full agreement with the suppressive effect of this phosphatase in systems where Syk and Zap‐70 carry out the essential early steps of signal transduction. In spite of significant similarity between TULA and TULA‐2, there are also considerable functional differences between them. Thus, TULA‐2 is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues and exhibits high phosphatase activity, whereas TULA is expressed specifically in lymphocytes and exhibits low phosphatase activity. However, TULA also functions as a down‐regulator of cellular responses, and therefore its role may be mediated by dephosphorylation of yet‐unknown substrates or by promoting T‐cell apoptosis (the latter activity is unique for this UBASH3/STS/TULA family member). The down‐regulatory role of TULA and TULA‐2 revealed in experimental systems is consistent with the recently discovered association of several autoimmune diseases with certain risk alleles encoding for these proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 43–49, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactions of nitrophenide and halonitrophenide ions with acrylonitrile and alkyl acrylates in the gas phase: addition to the carbonyl group versus Michael addition
Authors: Zimnicka Magdalena , Wileńska Beata , Sekiguchi Osamu , Uggerud Einar , Danikiewicz Witold
Published: June 2012

Gas‐phase reactions of isomeric nitrophenide ions and p‐halonitrophenide ions with acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate have been studied using mass spectrometry and computational methods. Depending on the structure of the α,β‐unsaturated compound, formation of adducts to the carbonyl group of the acrylate (for methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate) and β‐adducts (adducts of p‐halonitrophenide ions to α,β‐unsaturated compounds in β position) was observed. Further transformations of these adducts lead to the products of elimination of an alcohol molecule and the anionic products of intramolecular substitution of a halogen atom, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of the bisulfite anion (HSO3–, m/z 81) upon collision‐induced dissociation of anions derived from organic sulfonic acids
Authors: Jariwala Freneil B. , Wood Ryan E. , Nishshanka Upul , Attygalle Athula B.
Published: June 2012

In the negative‐ion collision‐induced dissociation mass spectra of most organic sulfonates, the base peak is observed at m/z 80 for the sulfur trioxide radical anion (SO3–·). In contrast, the product‐ion spectra of a few sulfonates, such as cysteic acid, aminomethanesulfonate, and 2‐phenylethanesulfonate, show the base peak at m/z 81 for the bisulfite anion (HSO3–). An investigation with an extensive variety of sulfonates revealed that the presence of a hydrogen atom at the β‐position relative to the sulfur atom is a prerequisite for the formation of the bisulfite anion. The formation of HSO3– is highly favored when the atom at the β‐position is nitrogen, or the leaving neutral species is a highly conjugated molecule such as styrene or acrylic acid. Deuterium‐exchange experiments with aminomethanesulfonate demonstrated that the hydrogen for HSO3– formation is transferred from the β‐position. The presence of a peak at m/z 80 in the spectrum of 2‐sulfoacetic acid, in contrast to a peak at m/z 81 in that of 3‐sulfopropanoic acid, corroborated the proposed hydrogen transfer mechanism. For diacidic compounds, such as 4‐sulfobutanoic acid and cysteic acid, the m/z 81 ion can be formed by an alternative mechanism, in which the negative charge of the carboxylate moiety attacks the α‐carbon relative to the sulfur atom. Experiments conducted with deuterium‐exchanged and deuterium‐labeled analogs of sulfocarboxylic acids demonstrated that the formation of the bisulfite anion resulted either from a hydrogen transfer from the β‐carbon, or from a direct attack by the carboxylate moiety on the α‐carbon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The characterization of Sn‐based corrosion products in ancient bronzes: a Raman approach
Authors: Ospitali Francesca , Chiavari Cristina , Martini Carla , Bernardi Elena , Passarini Fabrizio , Robbiola Luc
Published: June 2012

The characterization of corrosion patinas on bronzes is preliminarily connected to the determination of proper conservation strategies. Moreover, it also provides an essential contribution to the comprehension of the mechanisms of formation of patinas.

Concerning the last aspect, several studies highlighted that bronze corrosion behaviour cannot be assimilated to that of pure copper. In particular, decuprification and relative enrichment of tin in the corrosion layers were observed. Tin therefore, together with its insoluble salts, plays an important role in the mechanism of formation of bronze patinas. Thus, the characterization of Sn‐based corrosion products becomes fundamental, although remaining quite problematic. This work reports several case studies where Sn‐based corrosion products grown in bronzes have been identified, thanks to the hyphenated system scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry–Raman structural and chemical analyser. Combining the main characteristics of these techniques, different Sn‐containing compounds, mainly crystalline and nano‐sized tin dioxides, were detected in bronze patinas exposed to different environments (to the atmosphere, in both natural and accelerated ageing conditions, and to the soil). The main issues regarding the interpretation of Raman spectra of these compounds are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman study of model glass with medieval compositions: artificial weathering and comparison with ancient samples
Authors: de Ferri L. , Bersani D. , Colomban Ph. , Lottici P. P. , Simon G. , Vezzalini G.
Published: June 2012

Potassium‐rich ash‐based glass is typical of medieval glass windows used in the Central Europe since 1000 A. D.. Glasses with medieval‐like composition were prepared with different amounts of K2O (15–20–25 K2O weight%) using recipes deduced from archaeometric literature. Raman data of these samples were interpreted on the basis of the Qn units model and of the polymerization index Ip and confirm a close dependence of glass depolymerization on the potassium content. Generally, K‐based glasses have high alteration sensitivity to pollutants conveyed by liquid or vapour water (rain, humidity and fog). In this work, the glass alteration processes were studied in terms of structural modifications related to the glass K content. Leaching and network dissolution were investigated by attack with boiling concentrated sulfuric acid and by exposure to high temperature and high pressure bidistilled water, respectively. The weight loss and alteration layer thickness were measured. The structural changes in the glass network and the presence of neoformation crystallized products were determined through linear Raman maps on altered glass cross sections. The more the glass network structure is depolymerized, the more the surface chemical attack is facilitated. The results obtained for the model glasses are compared with those for a set of ancient K‐rich glass fragments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of current therapeutic options for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Chua Terence C. , Esquivel Jesus , Pelz Joerg O.W. , Morris David L.
Published: June 2012

Background

Peritoneal metastases remain an under addressed problem for which this review serves to investigate the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy and radical surgical treatments in this disease entity.

Methods

The literature between 1995 and June 2009 was surveyed systematically through a review of published studies on the treatment outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer to the peritoneum on the Medline and PubMed databases.

Results

A total of 2,492 patients from 19 studies were reviewed. One thousand and eighty‐four patients treated with complete cytoreductive surgery (CCS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and 1,408 patients were treated with palliative surgery and/or systemic chemotherapy. For CCS HIPEC, the overall survival ranged between 20 and 63 (median 33) months, and 5‐year survival ranged between 17% and 51% (median 40%). For palliative surgery and/or systemic chemotherapy, the overall survival ranged between 5 and 24 (median 12.5) months, and 5‐year survival ranged between 13% and 22% (median 13%).

Conclusion

Systemic therapies have not proved effective and randomised clinical trials have not sufficiently addressed patient subpopulations with metastatic disease of this entity. Current evidence have demonstrated the efficacy associated with CCS HIPEC for which should now be embraced as the standard of care. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:566–573. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Failure patterns correlate with the tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Lim Seok‐Byung , Yu Chang Sik , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Tae Won , Park Jin‐Hong , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Jin Cheon
Published: June 2012

Background and Objectives

To determine whether the patterns of failure are correlated with the degree of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and to evaluate outcomes after recurrence in rectal cancer patients who underwent CRT followed by resection.

Methods

Response to CRT was evaluated according to tumor regression grade (TRG), with 581 patients categorized into two groups, a good response (GR, TRG 3/4, n = 224) and a poor response (PR, TRG 1/2, n = 357) group.

Results

At a mean follow‐up of 61 months, the 5‐year overall (88.2% vs. 71.3%, P < 0.001) and disease‐free (86.7% vs. 63.6%, P < 0.001) survival rates were higher in the GR group. In patients with recurrence, time to recurrence was shorter (13.5 months vs. 18.7 months, P = 0.01), and the cumulative 2‐year recurrence rates (92.9% vs. 73.4%, P = 0.024) was higher in the GR group. Rates of local (1.3% vs. 9.5% P < 0.001) and systemic (11.6% vs. 27.2%, P < 0.001) recurrence were significantly lower in the GR group, as were rates of pulmonary (3.6% vs. 15.1%, P < 0.001) and systemic lymph node (1.3% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.009) recurrences. The 5‐year overall survival rates after recurrence were similar (GR: 23.7% vs. PR: 16.0%, P = 0.911).

Conclusions

More than one‐third of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer showed good response to CRT, with improved local and systemic recurrence rates, especially low rates of pulmonary and systemic lymph node recurrence. Recurrence occurred earlier in the GR than the PR group, and oncologic outcomes after recurrence did not differ between the two groups. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:667–673. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.