bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Remote Sensing Data to Evaluate the Problem of Atmospheric Aerosol Pollution in Africa
Authors: Rushingabigwi Gerard , Twizere Celestin , Nsengiyumva Philibert , De Dieu Ntawangaheza Jean , Sun Liguo
Published: September 2021

The particulate matter (PM) directly endangers the human health. Remotely sensed tiny atmospheric particles, aerosols, are presented in this research as atmospheric air pollutants. Globally overviewed for the first instances, and then a focus put on Africa and Asia, the selected aerosols are fine particulates (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and Sulfate (SO4). According to the existing literature, the motivation to research on air pollutants came from the fact that the polluted air globally kills many people, by attacking cardiovascular system. The online accessible remote sensing’s data has been mostly collected from the second version of modern era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2), a model selected for its update as well as the fact that its data are directly assimilated from the most renown remote sensors: Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR). MERRA-2 also compiles data from different aerosol robotic networks (AERONETs). With a vast region of interest, and considering the big temporal resolution, reduced spatio-temporal resolutions facilitated the focused research. Goddard interactive online visualization and analysis infrastructure (GIOVANNI) bridged our research objectives with the data; Geographical Information Systems (Arc GIS) is a main software tool. Map-based as well as time series results for PM2.5 and other atmospheric air pollutants are presented; health dangers associated with the dust from erstwhile research highlighted. Finding that the annually-averaged mass concentration of the dust’s PM2.5 is significantly greater than the mean recommended concentration, 25 μg/m3, in all the seasons of the center of the research region of interest (Africa), this research recommends further research on dust aerosols mitigation strategies, during the seasons of heaviest air pollutants in particular.
Entrepreneurship Education for the Next Generation of Higher Education in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Jen-Chia , Shih Hsiao-Fang
Published: September 2021

2019/2020 The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) analyzes the status of early entrepreneurship in various countries. Taiwan is higher than other countries’ averages in the national entrepreneurial environment index, such as cultural and social norms, physical infrastructure, market entry control, and internal market vitality, business and legal infrastructure, transformation of research and development results, school-leaving entrepreneurship education and training, on-campus entrepreneurship education and training, government entrepreneurship plans, taxation and administrative systems, government policies and entrepreneurial financing, etc. Starting from 2020, the Ministry of Education has divided the innovation and entrepreneurship courses into two models, namely fundraising practical learning and training course modules and entrepreneurial management and action learning course modules. The themes and implementations of the courses include “Concepts and Practices in Entrepreneurship and Practice Simulation Learning Platform”, “Concept Development and Practice-Business Operation-Company Establishment-Company Closure” and “Concept Proposal-Maker Practice-Business Model Briefing” and other aspects. This article will discuss, in the context of the development and current situation of entrepreneurship education in Taiwan, trends in entrepreneurship education for the next generation of Taiwan, and use examples from Taiwan’s higher education system to promote entrepreneurship education to serve as a reference by education circles in other countries.
Emergency Treatment of Transverse Colon Cancer
Authors: Cosmin Nicolescu , Suciu Bogdan Andrei , Tudor Adrian , Russu Cristian , Gherghinescu Mircea , Olimpiu Butiurca Vlad , Botoncea Marian , Cosma Catalin-Dumitru , Molnar Călin
Published: September 2021

This chapter deals with the emergency treatment of transverse colon cancer. The main complications that classify transverse colon cancer in an emergency setting are obstruction, perforation accompanied by localized or generalized peritonitis, and hemorrhage which may be occult or cataclysmic with hemorrhagic shock. We present the technical principles of radical surgical resection using embryological, anatomical, and oncological concepts. In this chapter we also discuss the principles of lymphadenectomy associated with complete excision of the mesocolon with high vascular ligation, in particular with T3 or T4 cancers requiring D2/D3 lymphadenectomy. The use of infrapyloric, gastro-epiploic, and prepancreatic lymphadenectomy is recommended due to the frequent metastases in these regional lymph nodes.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Solvent Effects on Electronic Transition Energies of Porphyrins
Authors: Aydin Metin
Published: September 2021

We have calculated the solvent effects on the ground state and the lowest triplet state absorption spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) and their diprotonated forms (H4TPP and H4TSPP) in thirty-nine different solvent using time-dependent-DFT density functional theory (TD-DFT) coupled with CPCM method. The results of the calculations show that the Q-bands and Soret-bands (or B-bands) in the absorption spectra of these compounds substantially change as function of solvent dielectric constant (ε) up to 20.493 (acetone), but become stabile in high polar solvents with dielectric constants ε > 20. The relative shifts in the B-bands are more significant than that in the Q-bands. The magnitude of the shifts in the spectral position of the Q and B bands are in the following order: H4TSPP > H4TPP > TPP > TSPP for the B-bands and H4TSPP > H4TPP > TSPP > TPP for the Q-bands. We also have determined that the energy-gaps between the B/Q-bands and their nearest triplet states are also solvent dependent for ε < ~ 20.493.
Reproductive Rates of Merino Ewes and Offspring Quality under AI Program
Authors: Narayan Edward , Sawyer Gregory , Hoskins Natalie , Curren Greg
Published: September 2021

Reproductive wastage is a major economic burden in sheep production globally, especially within Australia as livestock production systems face increased pressure from climatic variability (e.g. prolonged droughts or flooding). Sheep are sensitive to acute changes in their environment such as heat stress, which if not adequately monitored will result in significant production losses such as reproductive failure, increased parasite and worm burden, morbidity and mortality risks. Through basic and applied research in the areas of stress and reproductive physiology our team has made significant advancements in the understanding of sheep behaviour and physiological responses to acute and chronic stressors. Using minimally invasive hormone monitoring technology in combination with field based assessment of sheep health and productivity traits, our team has delivered new knowledge on how sheep react to acute environmental stress and how it impacts on sheep reproduction. In this chapter, we evaluated the fertility rates and embryo quality of Merino ewes under AI breeding program. We discuss factors such as heat stress that can impact on ewe and offspring quality.
Aquatic Plants as Bioremediators in Pollution Abatement of Heavy Metals
Authors: Vikraman Meera Aaltharackal , Thampatti KC Manorama , John Jacob , Sudha Bhadra , Sajeena Abdulmajeed
Published: September 2021

Over use of chemical inputs and exploitation of natural resources have degraded our ecosystem to a large extent. Our water bodies are drastically affected, especially due to the impact of heavy metal loading. The biomagnification that results from these difficult to degrade metals is naturally affecting the human health. The physical and chemical methods commonly employed for water purification are not only highly expensive but also further aggravate the pollution problem. Hence, all efforts must be taken to exploit the emerging green technology approach in pollution remediation. Several aquatic plants have specific affinity towards heavy metals and they flourish well in this contaminated environment. The common mechanisms of phytoremediation and varied type of aquatic plants with high remediation potential are reviewed in this chapter.
Bearing Capacity of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Krishan Anatoly
Published: September 2021

Concrete filled steel tubes columns of circular cross section (CFST) have significant constructive, technological, economic advantages. Therefore, CFST are increasingly used in construction practice. Due to the complex nature of CFST load resistance, regulations of the Europe, Australia, Brazil, India, Canada, China, the USA, Japan, and of a number of other countries recommend using empirical formulas for calculating their bearing capacity. Despite the large number of the experiments, serving as a basis for these formulas, they do not always allow to obtain valid results. Besides, these methods, as a rule, do not allow the calculations of compressed CFST elements, which have any differences from a “classical” design, for example, the presence of a high-strength rod and (or) spiral reinforcement, various types of concrete, the effect of preliminary lateral compression of a concrete core, etc. The purpose of this monograph is to propose the method of deformation calculation of the bearing capacity of compressed CFST elements under short-term load action based on the phenomenological approach and the theoretical positions of reinforced concrete mechanics.
Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Indian Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects
Authors: Kumar Bhanu , Misra Ankita , Srivastava Sharad
Published: September 2021

Ayurveda is an age old system of medicine which utilizes thousands of medicinal plants, rich in secondary metabolites for their therapeutic benefits and phenolic compounds are important one. Plant phenolic compounds are one of the major group of phytomolecules having tremendous therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. Indian medicinal plants like Emblica, Terminalia spp., Withania, Tinospora etc. are some of the potential source of bioactive phenolics and had been used from ages in various Ayurvedic formulations and were scientifically validated too. In this contribution, a brief account of some common Indian medicinal plants rich in bioactive phenolics are summarized along with their therapeutic action on human health and disease. The vast array of phenolics in these plants makes them a suitable candidate for modern medicine, nutraceutical supplements, immuno-modulatory formulations etc. With the advent of modern separation tools and techniques, it is now possible to identify, isolate and purify desired phytoconstituents from plant extracts. This further opens the avenues of utilizing medicinal plants or plant constituents/metabolites as super food for strengthening the body and maintaining the healthy work-life balance. The need of the hour is to identify therapeutically potential phenolics rich plants and development of herbal formulations for human welfare.
The Effects of Music Therapy on Cortisol Levels as a Biomarker of Stress in Children
Authors: Hasanah Idyatul , Haikal Zikrul
Published: September 2021

Stress is a physiological and psychological response to the perception of danger and threat. Stress can occur due to a physical injury, mechanical disturbance, chemical change, or emotional factor. Stress can occur at all ages, including children and adolescents. Various physical and psychological events can cause stress in children, for example suffering from an illness, injury/trauma, parental divorce, parental death, sexual abuse, natural disasters, war, etc. Various exposures to physical and psychological stress harmful to the body can cause it to carry out defense mechanisms against these threats, one of which is changes in the cortisol hormone. Cortisol hormone is used as a biochemical marker for acute and chronic stress. The increase in this hormone as an indicator of stress can be changed through psychosocial interventions, one of which is by the provision of music therapy. Music therapy can manage stress problems of people at various ages with minimal side effects and a small amount of money. It is also easy to apply and does not require any intellectual ability to interpret. There are no limitations for users to use music therapy.
Angiopoietins as Targets for Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment
Authors: M. Ciulla Lauren , A. Patel Nimesh , A. Yannuzzi Nicolas , M. Hussain Rehan
Published: September 2021

Diabetic eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are among the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. Anti-VEGF therapies such as, ranibizumab, aflibercept and off-label bevacizumab have become first-line treatment for DME. While randomized controlled trials show significant improvement in vision, these anti-VEGF agents have limited durability leading to a significant treatment burden, as reflected in real-world studies, which generally demonstrate under-treatment and less favorable visual acuity outcomes than observed in prospective trials. Alternative pathways, such as the Tie-2 angiopoietin pathway may address unmet needs, with potential for greater efficacy or durability when compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy. While some Tie-2 angiopoietin therapeutic agents, such as nesvacumab, ARP-1536 or AKB-9778, did not meet primary endpoints in clinical trials, other agents have shown promise. One such agent is faricimab, a bispecific antibody inhibiting both VEGF-A and Ang-2. The phase 3 DME trials (YOSEMITE and RHINE) demonstrated favorable safety, visual, and durability outcomes; patients receiving faricimab injection every 4 months achieved similar visual gains as those receiving aflibercept injection every 2 months. Another agent, AXT107 is a peptide that inhibits VEGFR2 and modifies Ang-2 to behave more similarly to Ang-1, promoting vascular stability. This drug is currently undergoing phase 1/2a trials for safety and bioactivity to be completed in May 2022.
EMI Pre-Compliance Measurements Reveal Sources of Interference
Authors: Dolník Bystrík
Published: September 2021

The chapter focuses on the electromagnetic compatibility of a prototype of electrical equipment such as street lighting with various LED controllers, LED information boards, and audio equipment. The requirements for the harmonic content of the input currents of the conducted emission power lines are used as a basis for the analysis of compliance with the EMC standards. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that some commercially produced voltage drivers are not compatible with the requirements for the harmonic current content of the input line. The problem is caused by two factors: a bad design by the manufacturer or the wrong LED driver design concerning the rated load. EMI radiation measurements indicate the need to precisely design all functional blocks placed on a PCB with suitable grounding and shielding techniques. This chapter is intended for engineers and researchers working in the development of electrical equipment as well as the general public interested in EMC issues.
Sex Differences in Long-Term Trends of Psychosocial Factors and Gender Effect on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Arterial Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
Authors: V. Gafarov Valery , O. Panov Dmitriy , A. Gromova Elena , V. Gagulin Igor , V. Gafarova Almira , A. Krymov Eldar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The study aimed to determine gender differences in the prevalence and dynamics of affective states over a long period, i.e., 23 years, and to establish their effect on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke among the population aged 25–64 in Russia / Siberia. Methods: Between 1994 and 2017, we conducted 4 screening surveys of representative samples (totalling 4,815 people) under the international programs MONICA and HAPIEE in Russia / Siberia. To determine the sex differences in cardiovascular risk from 1994 to 2010, we observed cohorts formed from the screened individuals without CVD and diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: High levels of affective states in the period from 1994 to 2003, especially in women, were replaced by a downward trend in 2013. At the same time, there was a reduction in the gender gap in terms of frequency of depression lower 1%, and men in the younger age groups reported higher levels of personal anxiety (49.3% vs 46.1% in adults aged 35-44y) and vital exhaustion (16.9% vs 15.6%) than women in 2017. We found that men with unfavourable levels of affective states have a 3–5 fold higher risk of hypertension and stroke, while women have a higher risk of myocardial infarction (p for all < 0.05). Hostility in men is associated with a negative risk of myocardial infarction and stroke (HR=0.3 and HR=0.29, respectively; p for all < 0.05). However, this was levelled out by unfavourable social characteristics. Conclusions: The downward trends in prevalence of psychosocial factors were unstable and associated with reduced gender gap for affective states. It had a significant impact on the gender magnitude of cardiovascular risk.
Maxillary Sinus in Dental Implantology
Authors: Uzunov Nikolay , Bozhikova Elena
Published: September 2021

Dental implants have significantly increased prosthetic options for the edentulous patient. Implant placement in the posterior maxilla may often be hampered due to anatomical limitations, inadequate height and width, and poor bone quality. After tooth extraction, three-dimensional physiological resorption and sinus expansion take place and reduce the volume of the alveolar ridge. The concomitant actions of alveolar atrophy and sinus pneumatization reconstruct the subantral alveolar segment into a low, shallow, and sloped ridge which is incapable to accommodate dental implants and bear the functional strains. Advanced maxillary resorption can be managed by several surgical options, the most popular of which is maxillary sinus floor elevation. The chapter discusses recent advancements in bone biology and biomechanics in the light of alveolar atrophy and the impact of anatomy on maxillary sinus floor elevation as a treatment modality for the partially or totally edentulous patient.
Green Tea-Derived Catechins Have Beneficial Effects on Cognition in the Pond Snail
Authors: Komatsuzaki Yoshimasa , Itoh Ayaka , Saito Minoru
Published: September 2021

Green tea has been used as a medicine in East Asia for thousands of years. Plant-derived compounds called flavanols, which are included in green tea, may have potentials to help maintain healthy brain function. In this chapter, we review the effects of flavanols, e.g. epicatechin (EpiC), on cognitive ability in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. In this decade, the Lukowiak’s group has tested the effects of EpiC on cognition ability in Lymnaea. In a Lymnaea model system, they showed that EpiC and EpiC-containing foods have a rapid and activity-dependent effect enhancing the formation of long-term memory (LTM) following operant conditioning of aerial respiratory behavior. In the last part of this chapter, we also introduce our study for the effects of EpiC on LTM formation in another model system in Lymnaea. This study showed that EpiC increases the persistence of LTM formed by classical conditioning of feeding behavior, and suggested that EpiC alters some electrophysiological properties of a neuron in the feeding system.
Overview of Arabidopsis as a Genetics Model System and Its Limitation, Leading to the Development of Emerging Plant Model Systems
Authors: Mohon Kar Madhabendra , Raichaudhuri Ayan
Published: September 2021

Model plant systems make it easier to perform experiments with them. They help to understand and expand our knowledge about the genetic basis behind different plant process. Also, it is easier to design and perform genetic and genomic experiments using a model plant system. A. thaliana was initially chosen as the model plant system, and remains to this date, one of the most widely studied plant. With the advent of better molecular biology and sequencing tools and to understand the genetic basis for the unique processes in different plant species, there is emergence of several new model systems.
Abridge: A mission driven approach to machine learning for healthcare conversation
Authors: Konam Sandeep , Rao Shivdev
Published: September 2021

In this brief case study, we describe an approach to structuring and summarizing information from one of the largest untapped sources of data in healthcare delivery -- spoken conversations. Abridge’s mission is to shift agency to the people and families at the center of those spoken conversations, using bleeding-edge machine learning and human-centered design. The space of conversation understanding is largely untapped and we will discuss our scientific approaches to business challenges that map to the company’s mission of helping everyone better understand and follow through on their healthcare conversations.
Meeting the Body-Space A Score
Authors: Lopez Ramirez Sandra Paola
Published: September 2021

This score is an invitation for the improviser to attune themselves to the space they are in and enter into a relationship with what surrounds them. It can be used as a performance score or as an exercise to synchronize body, mind, and spirit before one. It was developed through many explorations during the year-long quarantine of COVID-19 as I sought to develop an active relationship to my living space.
Natur"syn"
Authors: Olwig Kenneth R.
Published: September 2021

Metaforer kan vare bade oplysende og „formorkende“. Udtryk som „perspektiver pa

naturen" eller „synspunkter pa naturen" virker ganske harmlose. „Det er jo bare

talemader," siger vi. Alligevel former sadanne udtryk vores tankning, subtilt og ubemarket.

Metaforer er oplysende, nar de letter vores tankning. Nar vi ikke bare tanker

med dem, men over dem. Nar de hjalper os til at tanke over tingene pa en ny made, til at

tanke det, der forhen var utankeligt. Pa den anden side er metaforer „ormorkende", nar

vi tager dem sa meget for givet, at vi ikke gennemskuer dem. Sa kan de strukturere vores

tanker pa mader, der undgar vores opmarksomhed og vor kritiske dommekraft.

Udtryk som „perspektiver" og „synspunkter" har en sarlig betydning, nar de bruges

om naturopfattelsen. De indebarer den simple handling, det er at se pa en bestemt

genstand fra forskellige vinkler. Men de er ogsa en fast bestanddel af selve den proces,

hvorigennem naturen blev omdefineret og konstrueret som landskab, i den moderne

(engelske) betydning som „scene", „udsigt" eller „prospekt" (se definition i appendiks).

Naturen matte forst konstrueres som noget - som landskab - der kunne opfattes ved at

anskue det fra et bestemt punkt, en bestemt vinkel, et bestemt perspektiv, for der ville

vare fornuft i at bruge udtrykket „perspektiver pa naturen", „synspunkter pa naturen"

osv.
Hvad sygeplejersker ser, når de ser en patient. Om synet i en verden af kroppe
Authors: Hansen Helle Ploug
Published: September 2021

Det var en chokerende oplevelse at starte feltarbejde pa en kraftafdeling pa et

universitetshospital i Kobenhavns omegn. Godt nok havde jeg mange ar tidligere

arbejdet som sygeplejerske pa forskellige hospitalsafdelinger og der passet og plejet

patienter med kraft, men aldrig pa en hojt specialiseret medicinsk kraftafdeling som

denne. Her er unge og voksne mand og kvinder indlagt til diverse udredningsundersogelser,

til aktiv behandling med kemoterapi, straleterapi eller implantationsterapi.

Afdelingen modtager ogsa patienter, der far komplikationer til behandlingen, fx

mangel pa hvide blodlegemer, mundbetandelse, diarre, opkastninger, smerter, blodning,

temperaturforhojelse, eller behandlingskravende komplikationer til sygdommen, fx

hjememetastaser og tarmslyng. Endelig kan patienter indlagges pa grund af behov for

sygepleje, nar den aktive behandling er ophort.
,,... Hvor er mit fædreland dog hyggeligt"
Authors: Sampson Steven
Published: September 2021

Artiklens titel, en linie fra et bidrag til den nationale sangkonkurrence i 1818, indeholder

flere sporgsmal, der kan stilles i forlangelse af studiet af, hvad det er at vare dansk.

Hvem ville bidrage med sadanne udtryksformer som sange? Hvornar skabtes ideen om et

egentligt fadreland og hvem identificerede sig med det? Hvilken slags egenskaber

identificerede man som specifikt danske? Disse sporgsmal om hvem, hvad, hvor, hvornar

og til dels hvorfor, behandles af en gruppe pa 12 forskere, ledet af professor Ole

Feldbak fra Institut For Samtidshistorie. De fire binds 2154 sider indeholder 20 forskellige

artikler, som hver isar kan lases selvstandigt.
Batsheva Bonne-Tamir & Avinoam Adam (eds.): Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level
Authors: Tidgen Marianne B.
Published: September 2021

Batsheva Bonne-Tamir & Avinoam Adam (eds.): Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level

Anmeldes af Marianne B. Tidgen
Jeremy Boissevain (ed.): Revitalizing European Rituals samt Daniel de Coppet (ed.): Understanding Rituals
Authors: Hasse Cathrine
Published: September 2021

Jeremy Boissevain (ed.): Revitalizing European Rituals

Daniel de Coppet (ed.): Understanding Rituals

Anmeldes af Cathrine Hasse
Simon Collier, Thomas E. Skidmore & Harold Blakemore (general editors): The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: September 2021

Simon Collier, Thomas E. Skidmore & Harold Blakemore (general editors): The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean

Anmeldes af Aage Jørgensen
Dimitra Gefou-Madianou (ed.): Alcohol, Gender and Culture
Authors: Steffen Vibeke
Published: September 2021

Dimitra Gefou-Madianou (ed.): Alcohol, Gender and Culture

Anmeldes af Vibeke Steffen
Jack Goody: The Culture of Flowers
Authors: Munch-Petersen Nils Finn
Published: September 2021

Jack Goody: The Culture of Flowers

Anmeldes af Nils Finn Munch-Petersen
Malcolm Chapman (ed.): Social and Biological Aspects of Ethnicity
Authors: Veber Hanne
Published: September 2021

Malcolm Chapman (ed.): Social and Biological Aspects of Ethnicity

Anmeldes af Hanne Veber
Joe Foweraker: Popular Mobilization in Mexico: The Teachers' Movement 1977-87
Authors: Korsbæk Leif
Published: September 2021

Joe Foweraker: Popular Mobilization in Mexico: The Teachers' Movement 1977-87

Anmeldes af Leif Korsbæk
Byron J. Good: Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Hansen Helle Ploug
Published: September 2021

Byron J. Good: Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective

Anmeldes af Helle Ploug Hansen
Thomas Hylland Eriksen: Små steder, store spørsmål. Innføring i sosial-antropologi
Authors: Ovesen Jan
Published: September 2021

Thomas Hylland Eriksen: Små steder, store spørsmål. Innføring i sosial-antropologi

Anmeldes af Jan Ovesen
Introduktion: Overskridelse
Authors: Groes-Green Christian , Frello Birgitta , Petersen Margit Anne , Holst Birgitte Stampe
Published: September 2021

Intet resumé
A short remark on an arithmetic function
Authors:   Warrane College, The University of New South Wales, Shannon Anthony G. , Atanassov Krassimir T. ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,   Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Prof. Asen Zlatarov University
Published: September 2021

An explicit form of A. Shannon’s arithmetic function δ is given. A possible application of it is discussed for representation of the well-known arithmetic functions ω and Kronecker’s delta-function δ_{m,s}.
Arithmetical functions commutable with sums of squares
Authors:   Department of Computer Algebra, University of Eötvös Loránd, Kátai I. , Phong B. M. ,   Department of Computer Algebra, University of Eötvös Loránd
Published: September 2021

Let k\in{\mathbb N}_0 and K\in \mathbb C, where {\mathbb N}_0, \mathbb C denote the set of nonnegative integers and complex numbers, respectively. We give all functions f, h_1, h_2, h_3, h_4:{\mathbb N}_0\to \mathbb C which satisfy the relation \[f(x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2+k)=h_1(x_1)+h_2(x_2)+h_3(x_3)+h_4(x_4)+K\] for every x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4\in{\mathbb N}_0. We also give all arithmetical functions F, H_1, H_2, H_3, H_4:{\mathbb N}\to \mathbb C which satisfy the relation \[F(x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2+k)=H_1(x_1)+H_2(x_2)+H_3(x_3)+H_4(x_4)+K\] for every x_1,x_2, x_3,x_4\in{\mathbb N}, where {\mathbb N} denotes the set of all positive integers.
On the average order of the gcd-sum function over arbitrary sets of integers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Osmania University, Siva Rama Prasad V. , Anantha Reddy P. ,   Government Polytechnic, Kanteshwar
Published: September 2021

Let \mathbb{N} denote the set of all positive integers and for j,n \in \mathbb{N}, let (j,n) denote their greatest common divisor. For any S\subseteq \mathbb{N}, we define P_{S}(n) to be the sum of those (j,n) \in S, where j \in \{1,2,3, \ldots, n\}. An asymptotic formula for the summatory function of P_{S}(n) is obtained in this paper which is applicable to a variety of sets S. Also the formula given by Bordellès for the summatory function of P_{\mathbb{N}}(n) can be derived from our result. Further, depending on the structure of S, the asymptotic formulae obtained from our theorem give better error terms than those deducible from a theorem of Bordellès (see Remark 4.4).
Caracterización molecular de enterobacterias multirresistentes en dos departamentos de la selva peruana
Authors: León-Luna Diana , Fajardo-Loyola Alexander , Yareta-Yareta José , Burgos-Espejo Antonio , Peralta-Siesquen Carlos , Galarza-Pérez Marco , Marcos-Carbajal Pool
Published: September 2021

Introducción. La aparición de enterobacterias multirresistentes y productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en pacientes de consulta externa con infecciones urinarias, representa un problema de salud pública en Perú.Objetivos. Caracterizar molecularmente enterobacterias multirresistentes aisladas de pacientes con diagnóstico de infección urinaria y procedentes de dos departamentos de la selva peruana.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo de 61 aislamientos de urocultivo procedentes de la selva peruana durante 2017 y 2018. Los perfiles de resistencia se identificaron utilizando el sistema automatizado MicroScan™ y para la detección de los genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV se empleó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) convencional.Resultados. Las enterobacterias positivas para BLEE más frecuentes por departamento fueron Escherichia coli en Madre de Dios (25 %, 10/40) y Ucayali (76,2 %, 16/21). En ambos departamentos, el gen blaCTX-M fue el más frecuente (25/61; 41 %), seguido por blaTEM (15/61; 24,6 %) y blaSHV (10/61; 16,4 %). En el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, se detectó 72,6 % de resistencia contra ampicilina, 82,3 % contra cefalotina y 88,7 % contra nitrofurantoína.Conclusiones. El porcentaje de cepas de enterobacterias multirresistentes productoras de BLEE en ambos departamentos fue del 57,4 % y el gen bla CTX-M fue el más frecuente.
Comentario en torno al artículo “A propósito del bicentenario de la independencia de Colombia: las prácticas de lectura de Antonio Nariño y el desarrollo de una vacuna presuntamente efectiva contra la viruela”
Authors: Vanegas Esteban
Published: September 2021

La viruela significó para las colonias americanas un proceso que desestabilizaba de forma dramática las dinámicas sociodemográficas de las colonias, lo que incentivó el desarrollo de estudios científicos sobre el virus causante. Cada libro acerca de la viruela en la biblioteca de Nariño constituyó una herramienta en la lucha contra el virus emprendida por el prócer. Tras la revisión del artículo “A propósito del bicentenario de la independencia de Colombia: las prácticas de lectura de Antonio Nariño y el desarrollo de una vacuna presuntamente efectiva contra la viruela” (1) quise comentar y profundizar en torno al saber médico de Nariño mediante el acercamiento a las obras a las que recurrió para instruirse sobre la enfermedad. A partir de la semblanza de cada una de ellas, analicé el proceso de variolización en el Reino de la Nueva Granada y la necesidad de fabricar una vacuna propia.
Distribución y caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de Listeria monocytogenes en aislamientos de alimentos, Colombia, 2010-2018
Authors: Muñoz Ana Isabel , Rodríguez Edna Catering
Published: September 2021

Introducción. Listeria monocytogenes es un patógeno transmitido por alimentos que causa infecciones en humanos, entre ellas, meningitis, meningoencefalitis y septicemias, así como abortos. Con la tipificación serológica se han identificado 13 serotipos, siendo el 4b el causante de la mayoría de los brotes en el mundo.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y la distribución de los serotipos y subtipos moleculares de L. monocytogenes aislados de alimentos en Colombia entre el 2010 y el 2018.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo a partir del análisis de 2.420 aislamientos que fueron identificados como L. monocytogenes y otras especies, por medio de pruebas bioquímicas, serológicas y de subtipificación molecular mediante electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE).Resultados. De los 2.420 aislamientos recibidos, 2.326 fueron confirmados como L. monocytogenes. Los serotipos encontrados fueron: 4b (52 %), 4d-4e (14,5 %), 1/2a (11 %), 1/2c (9,4 %), 1/2b (9 %), y 3a, 3b, 3c, 4c, 4d, 4e y 7 (menos de 2 %). Procedían de Bogotá (43 %), Antioquia (25 %), Valle (10 %), Nariño (9 %) y otros departamentos (7 %). La caracterización genotípica agrupó los aislamientos evaluados en 167 patrones de PFGE; los perfiles más frecuentes se presentaron en productos lácteos, cárnicos y alimentos preparados.Conclusión. El 96,1 % de los aislamientos correspondieron a L. monocytogenes, con una buena concordancia entre el aislamiento y la identificación; el serotipo 4b, extremadamente virulento, fue el más frecuente. El análisis molecular evidenció la posible diseminación y permanencia en el tiempo de varios serotipos, lo que resalta la importancia de incluir este patógeno en los programas de vigilancia epidemiológica en alimentos.
Investigation of multiple sclerosis-related pathways through the integration of genomic and proteomic data
Authors: Everest Elif , Ülgen Ege , Uygunoglu Ugur , Tutuncu Melih , Saip Sabahattin , Sezerman Osman Uğur , Siva Aksel , Tahir Turanli Eda
Published: September 2021

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex pathophysiology, variable clinical presentation, and unpredictable prognosis; understanding the underlying mechanisms requires combinatorial approaches that warrant the integration of diverse molecular omics data.

Methods

Here, we combined genomic and proteomic data of the same individuals among a Turkish MS patient group to search for biologically important networks. We previously identified differentially-expressed proteins by cerebrospinal fluid proteome analysis of 179 MS patients and 42 non-MS controls. Among this study group, 11 unrelated MS patients and 60 independent, healthy controls were subjected to whole-genome SNP genotyping, and genome-wide associations were assessed. Pathway enrichment analyses of MS-associated SNPs and differentially-expressed proteins were conducted using the functional enrichment tool, PANOGA.

Results

Nine shared pathways were detected between the genomic and proteomic datasets after merging and clustering the enriched pathways. Complement and coagulation cascade was the most significantly associated pathway (hsa04610, P = 6.96 × 10−30). Other pathways involved in neurological or immunological mechanisms included adherens junctions (hsa04520, P = 6.64 × 10−25), pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (hsa05130, P = 9.03 × 10−14), prion diseases (hsa05020, P = 5.13 × 10−13).

Conclusion

We conclude that integrating multiple datasets of the same patients helps reducing false negative and positive results of genome-wide SNP associations and highlights the most prominent cellular players among the complex pathophysiological mechanisms.
Impact of umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, and birth weight on neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm neonates
Authors: Malak Roksana , Sikorska Dorota , Rosołek Marta , Baum Ewa , Mojs Ewa , Daroszewski Przemysław , Matecka Monika , Fechner Brittany , Samborski Włodzimierz
Published: September 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, and birth weight on neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm neonates.

Methods

We examined 112 neonates. Inclusion criteria were: Saturations greater than 88%, and heart rates between 100–205 beats per minute.

Measurements

We assessed several neurodevelopmental factors as part of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), 4th edition, such as asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), motor maturity, response to sensory stimuli, habituation, and state regulation. Initial assessment parameters such as APGAR score and umbilical cord arterial pH were used to assess neonates.

Results

We found a strong correlation between the presence of the sucking reflex and umbilical cord arterial pH (r = 0.32; p = 0.018981). Umbilical cord arterial pH was also correlated with the presence of asymmetric tonic neck reflex (r = 0.27; p = 0.047124), cost of attention (r = 0.31; p = 0.025381) and general motor maturity (r = 0.34; p = 0.011741).

Conclusions

We found that the sucking reflex may be affected in infants with low umbilical cord arterial pH values. Practitioners and parents can use the NBAS to help determine neurodevelopmental factors and outcomes in preterm infants, possibly leading to safer and more effective feeding practices and interventions.
Detection of spreader nodes in human-SARS-CoV protein-protein interaction network
Authors: Saha Sovan , Chatterjee Piyali , Nasipuri Mita , Basu Subhadip
Published: September 2021

The entire world is witnessing the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (n-CoV) generally distinguished as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 promotes fatal chronic respiratory disease followed by multiple organ failure, ultimately putting an end to human life. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has reached a consensus that SARS-CoV-2 is highly genetically similar (up to 89%) to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which had an outbreak in 2003. With this hypothesis, current work focuses on identifying the spreader nodes in the SARS-CoV-human protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) to find possible lineage with the disease propagation pattern of the current pandemic. Various PPIN characteristics like edge ratio, neighborhood density, and node weight have been explored for defining a new feature spreadability index by which spreader proteins and protein–protein interaction (in the form of network edges) are identified. Top spreader nodes with a high spreadability index have been validated by Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) disease model, first using a synthetic PPIN followed by a SARS-CoV-human PPIN. The ranked edges highlight the path of entire disease propagation from SARS-CoV to human PPIN (up to level-2 neighborhood). The developed network attribute, spreadability index, and the generated SIS model, compared with the other network centrality-based methodologies, perform better than the existing state-of-art.
The LEAF questionnaire is a good screening tool for the identification of the Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport among young football players
Authors: Łuszczki Edyta , Jagielski Pawel , Bartosiewicz Anna , Kuchciak Maciej , Dereń Katarzyna , Stolarczyk Artur , Pakosz Paweł , Oleksy Lukasz
Published: September 2021

Background

It has been noticed that Female Athlete Triad (Fat) and Relative Energy Deficiency (Red-S) in Sport are characterized by the symptoms of impaired endocrine-metabolic function and bone health in female athletes. In addition, it may be evaluated with a qualitative tool, such as Low Energy Availability in Females questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and quantitative measurements: bone mineral density (BMD), resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, 24-hour dietary recall.

Methods

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Triad and Red-S using the LEAF-Q in youth female football players. Additionally, the difference in the BMD, body composition, REE and energy intake (EI) were assessed between the Triad/Red-S risk and not at-risk groups.

Results

Almost two thirds (64.7%) of participants are classified as being at-risk for the triad according to their LEAF-Q scores. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between most of the values among children from the analyzed groups. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the EI values among girls from the two analyzed groups: at-risk (1,773.18 kcal ±  232.57) and not at-risk (2,054.00 kcal ±  191.39). Girls who did not meet the energy intake recommendations were 10.00 as likely to be in the Triad/Red-S risk group.

Conclusion

Early identification of Fat/Red-S symptoms by screening tools such as the LEAF questionnaire is important in protecting young athletes from long-term damage due to the progression of the risk factors associated with the Fat/Red-S.
Spatial distribution of parrotfishes and groupers in an Okinawan coral reef: size-related associations in relation to habitat characteristics
Authors: Nanami Atsushi
Published: September 2021

Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) and groupers (Epinephelidae) are important fish groups that are regarded as the fisheries targets of primary importance in coral reefs. In order to establish ecosystem-based management of these two fish groups, clarifying the spatial distribution relative to habitat characteristics is of central importance. The present study investigated the spatial distributions of 12 parrotfishes species and seven groupers species in relation to environmental characteristics in an Okinawan coral reef. Ten out of the 12 parrotfish species and all seven grouper species showed species-specific spatial distributions. Four substrate types in the inner reefs (branchingAcropora, bottlebrushAcropora, dead branchingAcropora, and dead bottlebrushAcropora), three substrate types in the exposed reefs (massive coral, other coral, and calcium carbonate substratum), and water depth showed significant associations with the spatial distribution of fishes. Among the 12 parrotfish species, two species (Scarus spinusandS. forsteni) and four species (S. psittacus,S. hypselopterus,S. dimidiatusandS. ghobban) were primarily found in exposed reefs and inner reefs, respectively. Among the seven grouper species, two species (Cephalopholis argusandC. urodeta) and two other species (C. miniataandEpinephelus ongus) were primarily found in exposed reefs and inner reefs, respectively. Size-related spatial distribution was also found for three parrotfish species (Chlorurus microrhinos,Scarus rivulatusandS. hypselopterus), indicating that smaller-sized and larger-sized individuals were respectively found at sites with greater coverage of substrates with fine structure (live bottlebrushAcroporaand dead bottlebrushAcropora) and coarse structure (live branchingAcropora, dead branchingAcroporaand calcium carbonate substratum). The present study suggested that the spatial distribution of parrotfishes and groupers is not necessarily associated with the higher coverage of living corals, but positively associated with high substrate complexity. Thus, actual spatial distributional patterns of species should be considered to select candidate sites for protection and conservation for the two fish groups.
Desarrollo de imágenes en línea: de las huellas visuales a las voces públicas
Authors:   SciencesPo médialab, Ricci Donato , Calibro _ ,   Grupo de investigación independiente, Evennou Duncan ,   Investigador independiente, Verjat Benoît ,   CNRS - Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire d’ethnologie et de sociologie comparative
Published: September 2021

Las imágenes en línea podrían ser conside­radas como rastros de la dinámica de los problemas sociales. Asimismo, estas imáge­nes se inscriben en vastas infraestructuras algorítmicas. Con la intención de dar cuenta de ―y experimentar con― alguna de estas dos especificidades, o ambas, se han elabo­rado registros de investigación específicos. El propósito de la presente contribución es presentar un posible cruce de los registros existentes y extender el papel que se asig­na a las visualizaciones de grandes corpus de imágenes más allá de los propósitos puramente analíticos o críticos. Para ello se describe el proyecto “DEPT.”. Durante dicho proyecto, una serie de artefactos visuales (vi­sualizaciones de datos y medios, catálogos, tableaux y partituras) fueron concebidos con el fin de acercar progresivamente las imáge­nes en línea a entornos públicos y participa­tivos para indagar en cuestiones situadas. El artículo detalla las necesidades, los mar­cos teóricos y las opciones metodológicas, junto con los artefactos visuales concebidos en el proyecto, para desarrollar imágenes en línea como expresiones compartidas y colec­tivas de los temas que se investigan.
Google Images, cambio climático y la desaparición de los humanos
Authors:   University of Sheffield, Departamento de Estudios Sociológicos, Pearce Warren , De Gaetano Carlo ,   Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas de Ámsterdam, Colectivo de Metodologías Visuales
Published: September 2021

A través de esta contribución, presentamos un enfoque visual para estudiar cómo se desarrolla la representación en línea del cambio climático. Durante doce años reco­pilamos listas de imágenes clasificadas en el buscador Google Images y las analizamos con una doble visualización: una línea de tiempo de las cinco imágenes principales por año y un gráfico de áreas que muestra las 10 etiquetas principales detectadas auto­máticamente por el algoritmo de visión arti­ficial en un conjunto de datos más amplio, el de los 100 mejores resultados por año. Pode­mos sacar dos conclusiones principales de estos resultados. Primero, que la separación artificial entre el cambio climático y los humanos, ya identificada en estudios pre­vios de imágenes del cambio climático, se está perpetuando y reforzando en una de las ubicaciones digitales más importantes para la cultura visual: Google Images. En segundo lugar, que existe una notable homogeneidad dentro del corpus de imágenes, así como una estabilidad en el tiempo.
Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins-Modified Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsion
Authors: Zhuang Chenhan , Xue Weilan , Zeng Zuoxiang
Published: September 2021

Aqueous polyurethane emulsion was prepared with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polybutylene adipate diol (PBA-1000) as main raw materials and 2, 2-dihydroxymethyl propionic acid (DMPA) as hydrophilic chain extender. On this basis, epoxy resin E-44 was introduced to modify the polyurethane prepolymer, and epoxy resin modified waterborne polyurethane emulsion was obtained. In order to obtain better performance waterborne polyurethane, the effect of DMPA content、the amount of epoxy resin added and modification method on the properties of polyurethane was discussed. The results show that when the DMPA content is 4wt%, the overall performance of the emulsion and the film is the best. And the addition of epoxy resin significantly improves the water resistance, solvent resistance and tensile strength of the waterborne polyurethane film, and its hardness and thermal stability are also improved to a certain extent. When the amount of epoxy resin added is 8wt%, the storage stability decreases significantly, the suitable amount of epoxy resin added is 6wt%. The overall performance of the film obtained by chemical modification is better than that of physical modification.