bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Is Not Necessary for Spatial Working Memory
Authors: Mackey Wayne E. , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner K. , Meager Michael R. , Curtis Clayton E.
Published: March 2016

A dominant theory, based on electrophysiological and lesion evidence from nonhuman primate studies, posits that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) stores and maintains working memory (WM) representations. Yet, neuroimaging studies have consistently failed to translate these results to humans; these studies normally find that neural activity persists in the human precentral sulcus (PCS) during WM delays. Here, we attempt to resolve this discrepancy. To test the degree to which dlPFC is necessary for WM, we compared the performance of patients with dlPFC lesions and neurologically healthy controls on a memory-guided saccade task that was used in the monkey studies to measure spatial WM. We found that dlPFC damage only impairs the accuracy of memory-guided saccades if the damage impacts the PCS; lesions to dorsolateral dlPFC that spare the PCS have no effect on WM. These results identify the necessary subregion of the frontal cortex for WM and specify how this influential animal model of human cognition must be revised.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHigh-level cognition depends on working memory (WM) as a critical building block, and many symptoms of psychiatric disorders may be the direct result of impaired WM. Canonical theory posits a critical role for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in WM based on studies of nonhuman primates. However, we find that spatial WM in humans is intact after dlPFC damage unless it impacts the more caudal PCS. Therefore, the human dlPFC is not necessary for spatial WM and highlights the need for careful translation of animal models of human cognition.
Age-Related Changes in d-Aspartate Oxidase Promoter Methylation Control Extracellular d-Aspartate Levels and Prevent Precocious Cell Death during Brain Aging
Authors: Punzo Daniela , Errico Francesco , Cristino Luigia , Sacchi Silvia , Keller Simona , Belardo Carmela , Luongo Livio , Nuzzo Tommaso , Imperatore Roberta , Florio Ermanno , De Novellis Vito , Affinito Ornella , Migliarini Sara , Maddaloni Giacomo , Sisalli Maria Josè , Pasqualetti Massimo , Pollegioni Loredano , Maione Sabatino , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Usiello Alessandro
Published: March 2016

The endogenous NMDA receptor (NMDAR) agonistd-aspartate occurs transiently in the mammalian brain because it is abundant during embryonic and perinatal phases before drastically decreasing during adulthood. It is well established that postnatal reduction of cerebrald-aspartate levels is due to the concomitant onset ofd-aspartate oxidase (DDO) activity, a flavoenzyme that selectively degrades bicarboxylicd-amino acids. In the present work, we show thatd-aspartate content in the mouse brain drastically decreases after birth, whereasDdomRNA levels concomitantly increase. Interestingly, postnatalDdogene expression is paralleled by progressive demethylation within its putative promoter region. Consistent with an epigenetic control onDdoexpression, treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent, azacitidine, causes increased mRNA levels in embryonic cortical neurons. To indirectly evaluate the effect of a putative persistentDdogene hypermethylation in the brain, we usedDdoknock-out mice (Ddo−/−), which show constitutively suppressedDdoexpression. In these mice, we found for the first time substantially increased extracellular content ofd-aspartate in the brain. In line with detrimental effects produced by NMDAR overstimulation, persistent elevation ofd-aspartate levels inDdo−/−brains is associated with appearance of dystrophic microglia, precocious caspase-3 activation, and cell death in cortical pyramidal neurons and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. This evidence, along with the early accumulation of lipufuscin granules inDdo−/−brains, highlights an unexpected importance ofDdodemethylation in preventing neurodegenerative processes produced by nonphysiological extracellular levels of freed-aspartate.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe enzymed-aspartate oxidase (DDO) catalyzes the degradation of the NMDA receptor agonist,d-aspartate. In the brain, DDO is expressed only during postnatal life, thus reducing the embryonic storage ofd-aspartate and keeping thisd-amino acid at low levels during adulthood. Although the presence of DDO in mammals is long established, its biological role in the brain and the mechanism regulating its expression are still unclear. Here, we found thatDdopromoter demethylation enables the postnatal expression ofDdo. Moreover, persistent suppression ofDdoexpression leads to persistent spillover of extracellulard-aspartate and produces precocious cell death in the mouse brain, thus suggesting a key role for DDO in preventing early neurodegeneration triggered by excessive NMDA receptor stimulation.
Ghrelin-AMPK Signaling Mediates the Neuroprotective Effects of Calorie Restriction in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bayliss Jacqueline A. , Lemus Moyra B. , Stark Romana , Santos Vanessa V. , Thompson Aiysha , Rees Daniel J. , Galic Sandra , Elsworth John D. , Kemp Bruce E. , Davies Jeffrey S. , Andrews Zane B.
Published: March 2016

Calorie restriction (CR) is neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease (PD) although the mechanisms are unknown. In this study we hypothesized that elevated ghrelin, a gut hormone with neuroprotective properties, during CR prevents neurodegeneration in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD. CR attenuated the MPTP-induced loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons and striatal dopamine turnover in ghrelin WT but not KO mice, demonstrating that ghrelin mediates CR's neuroprotective effect. CR elevated phosphorylated AMPK and ACC levels in the striatum of WT but not KO mice suggesting that AMPK is a target for ghrelin-induced neuroprotection. Indeed, exogenous ghrelin significantly increased pAMPK in the SN. Genetic deletion of AMPKβ1 and 2 subunits only in dopamine neurons prevented ghrelin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and neuroprotection. Hence, ghrelin signaling through AMPK in SN dopamine neurons mediates CR's neuroprotective effects. We consider targeting AMPK in dopamine neurons may recapitulate neuroprotective effects of CR without requiring dietary intervention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuroprotective mechanisms of calorie restriction (CR) in Parkinson's disease are unknown. Indeed, the difficulty to adhere to CR necessitates an alternative method to recapitulate the neuroprotective benefits of CR while bypassing dietary constraints. Here we show that CR increases plasma ghrelin, which targets substantia nigra dopamine to maintain neuronal survival. Selective deletion on AMPK beta1 and beta2 subunits only in DAT cre-expressing neurons shows that the ghrelin-induced neuroprotection requires activation of AMPK in substantia nigra dopamine neurons. We have discovered ghrelin as a key metabolic signal, and AMPK in dopamine neurons as its target, which links calorie restriction with neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Thus, targeting AMPK in dopamine neurons may provide novel neuroprotective benefits in Parkinson's disease.
Postmodernism or Socialist Realism? The Architecture of Housing Estates in Late Socialist Czechoslovakia
Authors: Krivý Maroš
Published: March 2016

During the 1970s and 1980s architects in Czechoslovakia grew disaffected with sídliště (housing estates) built in the country since the late 1950s. By means of design and discourse they turned to historical typologies and advanced the concept of sídliště as meaningful living environments. In Postmodernism or Socialist Realism? The Architecture of Housing Estates in Late Socialist Czechoslovakia, Maroš Krivý argues that the historico-phenomenological turn manifested in late socialist housing estates in a revival of the pedestrian street, the urban block (perimeter and superblock), and the communicative façade. He further asserts that this turn drew inspiration and legitimation from both contemporaneous Western architectural postmodernism and domestic socialist realist architecture of the early 1950s. From the 1970s Czechoslovak postmodernists and “neo–socialist realists” credited historicity with ideological importance. But if the historico-phenomenological turn pointed to the reform of architectural industrialization for neo–socialist realists, for postmodernists it was a way of freeing architecture from its strictures.
The transcriptional coactivator Bob1 promotes the development of follicular T helper cells via Bcl6
Authors: Stauss Dennis , Brunner Cornelia , Berberich‐Siebelt Friederike , Höpken Uta E , Lipp Martin , Müller Gerd
Published: March 2016

Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are key regulators of the germinal center reaction and long‐term humoral immunity. Tfh cell differentiation requires the sustained expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6; however, its regulation in CD4+ T cells is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator Bob1, encoded by the Pou2af1 gene, promotes Bcl6 expression and Tfh cell development. We found that Bob1 together with the octamer transcription factors Oct1/Oct2 can directly bind to and transactivate the Bcl6 and Btla promoters. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Bob1 is required for the expression of normal levels of Bcl6 and BTLA, thereby controlling the pool size and composition of the Tfh compartment in a T cell‐intrinsic manner. Our data indicate that T cell‐expressed Bob1 is directly involved in Tfh cell differentiation and required for mounting normal T cell‐dependent B‐cell responses.
PREVENTIVE TREATMENT TO COMPLEMENT INFECTION CONTROL FOR CANDIDEMIA: IDENTIFICATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS THAT EFFECTIVELY INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF Saccharomyces AND B. megaterium WHILE PROLIFERATING E. coli
Authors: Ganesh Durga , Alonzo Amanda
Published: March 2016

Fungal infections have a crude mortality rate of 40% among immunocompromised patients, who are very susceptible due to drug resistant yeast strains and delayed diagnosis. In fact, in the United States alone, annual therapeutic treatments cost $2.8 billion. This study aims to develop preventive treatments to complement established infection control for fungal infections. The hypothesis was that the combination of probiotics with cinnamon would be the most effective treatment. Various combinations and concentrations of over-the-counter supplements were evaluated in their ability to inhibit yeast and detrimental bacterial growth while proliferating beneficial bacteria. Saccharomyces, E. coli, and B. megaterium were grown in petri dishes to represent detrimental yeast, beneficial bacteria, and detrimental intestinal bacteria respectively. By measuring the zone of inhibition, this study shows that probiotics recreate an oxygenated, nonacidic, and beneficial bacterial habitat without interfering with the antifungal. The combination of oil of oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii) with acidophilus was the most effective treatment, not supporting the hypothesis. Overall, taking oil of oregano and acidophilus with the antibiotic regimen may reduce the risk of developing fungal infections. Further research into understanding the underlying mechanism of these results and evaluating the clinical implications of this combination is recommended.
SURVIVAL OF SELECTED BACTERIA OF ARCOBACTER GENUS IN DISINFECTANTS AND POSSIBILITY OF ACQUIRED SECONDARY RESISTANCE TO DISINFECTANTS
Authors: Šilha David , Šilhová Lucie , Vytřasová Jarmila , Brožková Iveta , Pejchalová Marcela
Published: March 2016

Bacteria of the genus Arcobacter are today feared pathogens and represent a true threat, particularly in the form of alimentary infections. This study presents information on the inhibitory concentrations of selected disinfectant agents frequently applied in the Czech Republic, and particularly in the food industry for sanitation. The results of the study indicate that total inactivation of tested arcobacters are mostly at concentration of 5.0-15.0% in case of Desprej-disinfectant, 10.0-15.0% in case of Incidur-disinfectant, respectively 1.0-15.0% Guaa Profi Pool-disinfectant. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed that there is a real risk for secondary resistance of arcobacters to emerge in relation to certain decontaminants. Through repeated passages of arcobacters in a medium with low concentration of the disinfectant, we increased their primary resistance to the Incidur disinfectant to 1.5-3.5x (depending on species or origin). In the case of Desprej, the primary resistance of arcobacters to the substance was increased to even 1.5-5x. The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial substances is a worldwide problem. Potential acquisition of resistance (secondary resistance) in case of Arcobacter spp. was confirmed in this study for the first time in the Czech Republic.
SOUND STIMULATION CAN INFLUENCE MICROBIAL GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN KEY METABOLITES
Authors: Shah Abheelasha , Raval Akansha , Kothari Vijay
Published: March 2016

Effect of two different audible sound (music) patterns on six different microorganisms was investigated. Both the sound patterns namely Ahir Bhairav (172-581 Hz) and Piloo (86-839 Hz) were able to significantly affect microbial growth and production of certain key metabolites by the test microbes. Faster uptake of glucose from the growth medium by Brevibacillus parabrevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed under the influence of sound. Production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments, prodigiosin and violacein, respectively by Serratia marcescens and Chromobacterium violaceum was also notably affected by sound treatment. Further investigation to decipher molecular basis of microbial response to sound is warranted to understand the mechanism how audible sound interacts with microbial cells, and how the microbial population(s) modulate their behavior in response to sound stimulation.
AN EFFICIENT RECOVERY OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS FROM A TROPICAL INDIAN MAIZE INBRED LINE
Authors: Beslin Joshi J. , Nallathambi G. , Kumar K.K. , Kokiladevi E. , Arul L. , Balasubramanian P. , Sudhakar D.
Published: March 2016

Tropical Indian maize inbreds are known for their recalcitrance in tissue culture which is a prerequisite for development of transgenic lines from such cultivars. In the present study, particle bombardment-mediated transformation of a tropical Indian maize inbred line, UMI29 was attempted. Parameters that infulence transforamation efficiency such as size of embryo (1.5 mm and 2.0 mm), micro-carrier flying distance (6 cm and 9 cm) and post-bombardment resting period (2, 7 and 10 days) on transient and stable expression of transgene were investigated. The greatest transformation efficiency of 2.67% was obtained using immature embryos of 1.5 mm at 6 cm of microcarrier flying distance with a resting period of 2 days. Stable inheritance of transgenes, viz., gusA and bar was confirmed in T1 lines.
EFFECT OF THE SINGLE DOSES OF CURCUMIN AND KAINIC ACID ON CHANGES IN THE AMOUNT OF REDUCED GLUTATHIONE IN SELECTED ORGANS OF MICE
Authors: Szaroma Waldemar , Lach Henryk , Dziubek Karol , Goc Zofia
Published: March 2016

In the present study the effect of various doses administration of curcumin prior to the injection of kainic acid (KA) on the changes in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in selected organs of the male white mice were investigated. Animals were conducted in five groups: one control group, four experimental groups. The first experimental group received a single intraperitoneal injection of KA (12 mg/kg b. w.). The second, third and the fourth experimental group were administered intraperitoneally curcumin at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. w. 30 minutes before the injection of KA. In the brain, liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen of the mice GSH was determined. Administration of KA resulted in a significant change in the amount of GSH in all the examined organs of mice. Injections of curcumin and then KA, caused an increase in GSH compared to a group of animals which received only KA. This increase was not significant only in the group which received curcumin in the lowest dose. Results suggest that curcumin has antioxidant properties because advantageously affected changes in the amount of GSH, and thus the size of the oxidative stress induced by KA.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PAENIBACILLUS DURUS (PNF16) A NEW ISOLATE AND ITS SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION WITH OTHER ISOLATED RHIZOBACTERIA IN PROMOTING GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA
Authors: Ahmad Farah , Ahmad Iqbal , Musheer Altaf Mohd. , Khan Mohd.Saghir , S. Shouche Yogesh
Published: March 2016

Application of PGPR in crop production and protection is well known and can also contribute in reducing use of agrochemicals. However, the performance of PGPR is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Isolating new efficient PGPR strain well adapted to local soil agroclimatic conditions is expected to perform with more consistency. In this study five selected rhizobacteria isolated previously were first tested in vitro for plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics. One of the isolate PNF16 was identified as Paenibacillus durus by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. PNF16 alone and in combination with other rhizobacteria (Azotobacter (AZT3), Achromobacter (PNF11), Bacillus (Bc1), Pseudomonas (Ps5) and Mesorhizobium (IARI) were tested for plant growth promoting effect under pot conditions in two consecutive years. PNF16 was found to produce 21.7 µg ml-1 of indole acetic acid like substances, hydroxymate type of siderophores (Salicylate type 11 µg ml-1 and benzoate type 6.5 µg ml-1) and solubilized phosphate (405.33 µg ml-1). PNF16 -Mesorhizobium combination was found significantly better compared to other combinations for growth parameters, nodulation and yield of chickpea over control. Similar study was also performed for other tested strain. Significant increase in plant growth (32%), nodulation (43%) compared to untreated control was recorded. Co-inoculation also showed synergy and increased the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, dry matter yield, grain yield and protein content by 23%, 22%, 21%, 18% and 4.4% respectively, compared to control. The results indicated the potential usefulness of PNF16 alone and in combinations in enhancement of nodulation and stimulation of plant growth in chickpea and adapted to soil condition of the region.
ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM, LEAD AND MERCURY IN SEEDLINGS OF SELECTED SUGAR BEET VARIETIES AS A RESULT OF SIMULATED SOIL CONTAMINATION
Authors: Saletnik Bogdan , Zaguła Grzegorz , Bajcar Marcin , Puchalski CzesÅaw
Published: March 2016

The article presents the findings of a study designed to compare accumulation of cadmium, lead and mercury in seedlings of selected sugar beet varieties, as a result of simulated soil contamination. The analyses included seedlings of eight sugar beet varieties: Alegra C, Delano C, Milton C, Primadonna, Silvetta C, Finezja C, Agnieszka, Janosik, which in the course of growth were fortified with heavy metals. The acquired results were used to calculate Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) and to compare the contents of heavy metals in the examined plants. The greatest capacity to absorb the relevant heavy metals from the soil was found in seedlings of Milton C and Silvetta C varieties for cadmium and lead, and in Silvetta C and Finezja C varieties for mercury. It was determined that in the entire group of plants, the seedlings of Agnieszka and Janosik verities were least susceptible to bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead, while Primadonna variety had the lowest susceptibility to mercury.
METABOLITE PROFILES AND ACCEPTABILITY BY CLUSTERS OF DIFFERENT KEFIR TYPES FOR SOUTH AFRICAN CONSUMERS
Authors: Lyvane Ntsame Affane Armelle , Muller Nina , Van der Wijst Marieta , Sigge Gunnar , J. Britz Trevor
Published: March 2016

Kefir is an alternative fermented dairy product for low income South African consumers. However, it was shown that mass culturing of kefir grains leads to a loss of positive sensory attributes. Thus, this paper evaluates the chemical composition and the sensory acceptability for South African consumers of four variants of kefir (traditional kefir, mass-cultured kefir, Candi-kefir and Lacto-kefir).
Results showed that all variants of kefir contained key flavour compounds: acetaldehyde (7 – 45 mg.L-1), ethanol (186 – 1774 mg.L-1), diacetyl (5 – 12 mg.L-1), ethyl acetate (1,2 – 30 mg.L-1) and acetic acid (892 – 4 490 mg.L-1); with acidity (TA: 0,85 – 0,96%; pH: 4,13 – 4,25) comparable with ranges reported in literature.
Based on the liking of flavour of the variants of kefir, three clusters of consumers (N=85) were identified using Ward’s clustering. Cluster I was negatively sensitive to acidic products as indicated by the low scores (
ASSESSMENT OF RAPD POLYMORPHISM IN RICIN GENOTYPES
Authors: Balážová Å½elmÃ­ra , Vivodík Martin , Gálová Zdenka
Published: March 2016

The aim of this work was to detect genetic variability among the set of 30 castor genotypes using 6 RAPD markers. Amplification of genomic DNA of 30 genotypes using RAPD analysis yielded 50 polymorphic fragments with an average of 8.33 fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments varied from 5 (RLZ7) to 11 (RLZ8) and the amplicon size ranged from 330 to 1200 bp. All 50 amplified bands were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.774 (RLZ7) to 0.870 (RLZ8) with an average of 0.825 and index diversity (DI) value ranged from 0.786 (RLZ7) to 0.872 (RLZ8) with an average of 0.831. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. Dendrogram separated ricin genotypes into three main clusters. Two genotypes (RM-72 and RM-73) were genetically the closest. Knowledge on the genetic diversity of castor can be used for future breeding programs for increased oil production to meet the ever increasing demand of castor oil for industrial uses as well as for biodiesel production.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF GOAT MILK-DERIVED Lactobacillus paracasei M104 AND Pediococcus pentosaceus M103 AND THEIR POTENTIAL USE AS STARTER CULTURE FOR FERMENTATION
Authors: Mr. Widodo , Mr. Indratiningsih , Mr. Nurliyani , Wahyuni Endang , Tono Taufiq Tiyas
Published: March 2016

The aims of this study were to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from the fresh milk of crossbred Peranakan Etawah goats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and assess their potential utility in dairy fermentation. Fresh milk samples were collected from three different farms and plated into de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar supplemented with 0.5% ox bile. Colonies were purified with a streaking method followed by morphological and biochemical analysis using Gram staining, a catalase test, tests of motility and spore formation and growth at different temperatures. Molecular identification was based on nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Four isolates, M101, M102, M103 and M104, were identified. Certain features of isolates M101 and M102 were homologous with Lactococcus garvieae, isolates M103 and M104 showed a degree of homology with Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei respectively. Selected isolates were used to ferment milk at 37°C for 10 hours. After 10 h, milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei M104 had a pH of 4.21±0.07 and acidity of 1.13±0.05. Milk fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus M103 had a pH of 4.34±0.03 with acidity of 1.18±0.05. Lactococcus garvieae had limited ability to acidify milk, producing only a slight change in pH over 10 h. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in viscosity between milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei M104 and milk fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus M103. Total viable cells were similar between milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei M104 and milk fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus. On the basis of their capacity to acidify milk, Pediococcus pentosaceus M103 and Lactobacillus paracasei M104 were selected for further investigation.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF READY-TO-EAT FOODS PRODUCED IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Lopašovský Ä½ubomÃ­r , Terentjeva Margarita , Kunová Simona , Zeleňáková Lucia , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods produced in Slovakia. A total amount of 144 samples of RTE food were tested during one-year period from January to December, 2014 and the microbiological quality of kebabs (n=30), gyros (n=10), hamburgers (n=54), cheeseburgers (n=5), hot-dogs (n=31), roasts (n=14) was analyzed. The samples were examined for the presence of: coliform bacteria, sulfite-reducing clostridia, yeast, microscopic filamentous fungi and coagulase positive staphylococci according to the ISO standards requirements. In kebab samples the counts of coliforms were from < 10 to 1.6x10³ cfu.g-1 and incompliance was found in 12/ 30 (40%) of samples. Maximum counts of coliforms and yeasts were exceeded in two and one sample of gyros and isolation range was from 10 to 1.5x10³ cfu.g-13.2x10² cfu.g-1 and from 10 to 1.4x10² cfu.g-1. Also 2/5 (40%) of samples of cheeseburger yielded unsatisfactory coliform counts and the isolation rates were from less than 10 to 1.5x10³ cfu.g-1. In hot-dogs, counts of coliforms, yeasts and coagulase positive staphylococci ranged from less than 10 to 1.4x103, < 10 to 2.1x10³ cfu.g-1 and
DO PROGESTERONE, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 AND IGFBP-4 RELATE TO SEXUAL MATURATION?
Authors: Kolesárová Adriana , V. Sirotkin Alexander , Roychoudhury Shubhadeep , Kováčik Jaroslav
Published: March 2016

Hormones and binding proteins can regulate reproduction, but their involvement in sexual maturation remains to be elucidated. This study describes possible hormonal regulators of female sexual maturation. For this purpose, the release of steroid hormone progesterone (P4), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4) were shown in this study. Sexual maturation in gilts was found to be associated with a significant increase in the release of P4, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in vitro. Furthermore, sexual maturation was associated with significant increase in the expression of IGFBP-3 but not in IGFBP-4. The present data obtained from in vitro study indicate that sexual maturation in females is influenced by puberty-related changes in porcine ovarian signalling substances: increase in P4, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 but not IGFBP-4. It suggests that these signalling molecules could be potential regulators of porcine sexual maturation.
ENERGETIC PROFILE OF RABBITS AFTER AMYGDALIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Tušimová Eva , Kováčik Anton , Halenár Marek , Zbyňovská KatarÃ­na , Chrastinová Ä½ubica , Ondruška Ä½ubomÃ­r , Jurčík Rastislav , Kolesár Eduard , Kolesárová Adriana
Published: March 2016

Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside initially obtained from the seeds of bitter almonds (Prunus dulcis). It is a natural product that owns antitumor activity and has also been used for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, leprosy and diabetes. It is composed of one molecule of benzaldehyde, two molecules of glucose and one molecule of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is not cancerocidal as long as glucose is available. The present in vivo study was designed to reveal whether amygdalin is able to cause changes in the energetic profile of rabbit as a biological model. A 12 adult male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: the control group without any amygdalin administration and two experimental groups receiving daily intramuscular injections (IM) of amygdalin at 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg b.w. respectively over the period of 28 days. The body weight of each experimental animal was recorded weekly during the whole study. Serum levels of energetic profile (glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol) were determined. Intramuscular application of amygdalin did not affect (P≥0.05) the serum levels of none of selected biochemical parameters significantly. In this in vivo study, no obvious beneficial or negative effects of amygdalin on energetic profile of male rabbits were demonstrated.
IMPACT OF TILMICOSIN ON THE RABBIT SPERMATOZOA MOTILITY AND VIABILITY
Authors: Slanina TomÃ¡Å¡ , Kováčová RenÃ¡ta , Lukáč Norbert , Massányi Peter
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of tilmicosin on rabbit spermatozoa viability and motility parameters during short-term in vitro incubation at 37°C. Semen samples were collected from adult New Zealand White rabbits and diluted with eight concentrations of tilmicosin: 0.300, 0.350, 0.400, 0.466, 0.500, 0.583, 0.600 and 0.700 mg.ml–1 (TIL 1 – 8) diluted in the physiological solution. The motility parameters were evaluated using the Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer system (Sperm Vision®) at five time periods: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. Cell viability was measured using the metabolic activity MTT assay. Immediately at the beginning of incubation significantly higher values of motility (MOT) and progressive motility (PRO) were detected in samples TIL2, TIL5 and TIL7 compared to the control. Significantly lower values of tested motility parameters were observed after 1 and 3 hours of incubation. All concentrations of tilmicosin have no significantly negative effect on the parameters of the MOT, PRO and velocity curved line (VCL) after 4 hours of incubation in vitro at 37°C. Concentration of tilmicosin 0.350 mg.ml-1 has a positive impact on MOT (72.39 ± 15.62%, p
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM SOME MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS
Authors: Hleba LukÃ¡Å¡ , Kompas MatÃºÅ¡ , Hutková Jana , Rajtar Martin , Petrová Jana , Čuboň Juraj , Kántor Attila , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: March 2016

In this paper the antimicrobial activity of 1 year old crude ethanolic extracts obtained from Cordyceps sinesis, Laricifomes officinalis, Oudemansiella mucida and Coprinus comatus were investigated. The antimicrobial activities of extracts against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes) were determined by disk diffusion and microbroth dilution method according by EUCAST in 96-well microplates. Microorganisms were obtained from Czech Collection of Microorganisms. Absorbance after and before the experiment were substracted, converted to binary system and obtained values to Probit analysis were used. Not all macromycetes ethanolic extracts showed antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria. Antimicrobial activity determined by MIC methodology showed extracts from Oudemansiella mucida, Cordyceps sinesis, Coprinus comatus in the tested range. Conversely, the best antimicrobial activity tested by disc diffusion methods showed extract from Laricifomes officinalis. Equally, more better studying of antimicrobial activity in these mushrooms will needed.
Interventions To Prevent Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Jennifer L. , Sorita Atsushi , Carey William A. , Colby Christopher E. , Murad M. Hassan , Alahdab Fares
Published: March 2016

CONTEXT:

The effectiveness of many interventions aimed at reducing the risk of retinopathy has not been well established.

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, oxygen saturation targeting, blood transfusion management, and infection prevention on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

DATA SOURCES:

A comprehensive search of several databases was conducted, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus through March 2014.

STUDY SELECTION:

We included studies that evaluated nutritional interventions, management of supplemental oxygen, blood transfusions, or infection reduction and reported the incidence of ROP and mortality in neonates born at <32 weeks.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We extracted patient characteristics, interventions, and risk of bias indicators. Outcomes of interest were any stage ROP, severe ROP or ROP requiring treatment, and mortality.

RESULTS:

We identified 67 studies enrolling 21 819 infants. Lower oxygen saturation targets reduced the risk of developing any stage ROP (relative risk [RR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.97) and severe ROP or ROP requiring intervention (RR 0.58, 95% CI, 0.45–0.74) but increased mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.04–1.29). Aggressive parenteral nutrition reduced the risk of any stage ROP but not severe ROP. Supplementation of vitamin A, E, or inositol and breast milk feeding were beneficial but only in observational studies. Use of transfusion guidelines, erythropoietin, and antifungal agents were not beneficial.

LIMITATIONS:

Results of observational studies were not replicated in randomized trials. Interventions were heterogeneous across studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

At the present time, there are no safe interventions supported with high quality evidence to prevent severe ROP.
Determinação da amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares em crianças do estado da Bahia
Authors: Benevides Silvia Damasceno , Araujo Roberto Paulo , Ribeiro Camila de Oliveira , Mello Sandra Maria Ferraz
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de crianças brasileiras, do Estado da Bahia, de acordo com a idade, gênero e altura. Métodos: participaram do estudo 181 escolares de 8 a 12 anos, todos assintomáticos para Disfunção Temporomandibular, segundo o Research Diagnostic Criteria/ Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD. Realizaram-se as medidas da amplitude da abertura bucal máxima, lateralidade direita, lateralidade esquerda e protrusão. As medidas foram feitas com o paquímetro digital Starret Serie 799. A análise estatística foi STAT versão 11. Aplicou-se a regressão multivariada das medidas obtidas destacando-se gênero, idade e altura como interferentes para amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares (P˂0,05). Resultados: 1. masculino/altura (131,45 ≥ 146,05cm); abertura bucal máxima 48,07 a 50,29mm; lateralidade direita 8,19 a 8,55mm; lateralidade esquerda 7,88 a 8,51mm e protrusão 6,72 a 8,30mm. 2. feminino/altura (129,68 ≥ 142,64cm): abertura bucal máxima 47,15 a 50,71mm; lateralidade direita 7,27 a 8,58mm; lateralidade esquerda 7,66 a 8,21mm e protrusão 6,51 a 7,22mm. 3. masculino /idade: abertura bucal máxima 47,52 a 50,84mm; lateralidade direita 7,76 a 8,85mm; lateralidade esquerda 7,93 a 9,36mm; protrusão 6,60 a 8,50mm. 4. feminino/idade: abertura bucal máxima 47,16 a 50,7mm; lateralidade direita 7,53 a 8,60mm; lateralidade esquerda 7,42 a 8,30mm; protrusão 6,41 a 7,48mm. Conclusão: os valores da amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de acordo com idade, gênero e altura, para a população estudada, foram descritos e podem contribuir como um referencial que pode auxiliar na avaliação funcional do sistema mastigatório.
Lesões bucais na infância: revisão sistemática de interesse da fonoaudiologia
Authors: Matos Andréia Lopes de , Sá Maria Aparecida Barbosa de , Pereira Mayane Moura , Oliveira Stéphany Ketllin Mendes , Teixeira Nádia Nara Soares , Freitas Daniel Antunes
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Este estudo tem como tema, fonoaudiólogos, médicos e dentistas que são profissionais que, frequentemente, em suas ações profissionais, realizam exames intrabucais em seus pacientes. Muitas crianças, desde seu nascimento, apresentam o acometimento por lesões bucais que podem trazer transtornos temporários ao cotidiano. O objetivo é apresentar aos profissionais de saúde uma revisão sistemática acerca das lesões bucais mais frequentes em crianças e de interesse da fonoaudiologia. Os profissionais de saúde devem buscar sempre aumentar seus conhecimentos melhorando a atenção à saúde de seus pacientes.
Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em fumantes
Authors: Martins Denise Miranda Terra , Garcia Cristiane Fregonesi Dutra , Baeck Heidi Elisabeth , Frota Silvana
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os resultados dos exames de potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em indivíduos não tabagistas e tabagistas. Métodos: foram estudados 40 indivíduos, sendo 20 não tabagistas e 20 tabagistas, com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Todos os participantes incluídos na pesquisa deveriam apresentar respostas de limiares tonais dentro dos padrões da normalidade e timpanometria tipo A com presença de reflexos acústicos contralaterais e ipsilaterais. Em ambos os grupos foram realizados os potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico (PEATE), por meio de cliques. Os parâmetros que foram utilizados na comparação dos dois grupos foram as latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V; as interlatências das ondas I-III, I-V e III-V em ambas as orelhas; a diferença da latência interpico I-V entre as duas orelhas e a diferença interaural da latência absoluta da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Resultados: os resultados encontrados mostraram que o grupo de tabagistas apresentou latência I da Orelha Direita (p=0,036), latência V da Orelha Direita (p=0,007), latência V da Orelha Esquerda (p=0,014), interlatência III-V da Orelha Direita (p=0,015) e Orelha Esquerda (p=0,016) significantemente maior que o grupo de não tabagistas. Não houve diferença significante na latência da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa levaram à conclusão de que o tabaco é um fator de risco para o sistema nervoso auditivo central, que pode interferir nas latências e interlatências das ondas do PEATE no grupo de tabagistas quando comparado com o grupo de não tabagistas.
Comparação da leitura de escolares com gagueira em duas condições de escuta: habitual e atrasada
Authors: Buzzeti Paula Bianca Meireles de Moura , Fiorin Michele , Martinelli Natália Lira , Cardoso Ana Cláudia Vieira , Oliveira Cristiane Moço Canhetti de
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os efeitos imediatos do atraso na retroalimentação auditiva na tarefa de leitura oral em escolares com gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente. Métodos: estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição (n°0714/2013). Participaram 16 escolares, com idade de 8 a 17 anos, sendo 11 do gênero masculino e 5 do feminino, separados em dois Grupos Experimentais (GE1 e GE2) de 8 participantes cada; o GE1 composto de participantes com gagueira moderada e o GE2 com gagueira grave ou muito grave. Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação audiológica, avaliação da fluência na fala espontânea e avaliação da fluência na leitura oral em duas condições de escuta: com Retroalimentação Auditiva Habitual - RAH e atrasada - RAA. O software Fono Tools junto com o Adaptador Andrea PureAudio USB-AS e microfone auricular Karsect HT-2 foram utilizados para provocar o efeito da RAA e gravar a fala. Resultados: o efeito da retroalimentação auditiva atrasada ocasionou redução das disfluências típicas da gagueira em ambos os grupos, porém a frequência de outras disfluências aumentou no grupo de gagueira moderada e diminuiu no grupo com gagueira grave/muito grave e, desta forma, o total de disfluências apresentou uma diminuição mais significativa no GE2. A diferença foi estatisticamente significante apenas na comparação intergrupos das disfluências típicas da gagueira, na situação de retroalimentação auditiva habitual. Conclusões: o atraso na retroalimentação auditiva não ocasionou efeitos significantes na leitura em ambos os grupos, entretanto há uma tendência do efeito ser considerado positivo para o grupo com gagueira grave/muito grave.
Avaliação da capacidade e comprometimento funcional em pacientes traqueotomizados de um hospital público de Curitiba
Authors: Gomes Regina Helena Senff , Santos Rosane Sampaio
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar e descrever os graus de capacidade e comprometimento funcionais em pacientes traqueotomizados de um hospital público e suas inter-relações. Métodos: estudo caso-controle, quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado em um hospital terciário, vinculado ao Sistema Único de Saúde. A capacidade e comprometimento funcional foram avaliados por meio do Índice de Barthel e da Escala de Desempenho de Karnofsky, em pacientes traqueotomizados e não traqueotomizados em quatro unidades de internação. O grupo de estudo foi pareado com o grupo controle levando-se em conta a idade, o sexo e a doença que ocasionou a internação. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 52 pacientes, 30 do sexo masculino e 22 do sexo feminino. A média de idade entre o grupo de estudo foi de 55,4 anos e no grupo controle de 55,1 anos. A análise estatística do Índice de Barthel no grupo de estudo classificou 84,62% dos pacientes como totalmente dependentes para a realização dos dez domínios do instrumento, ao contrário do grupo controle no qual somente 15,38% dos pacientes apresentaram este grau de dependência física e 53,85% mostravam total independência às mesmas atividades. O levantamento da escala Karnofsky evidenciou que 57,69% do grupo estudo apresentava escore de 40%, diferentemente do grupo controle no qual 42,31% obteve escore de 90%. Conclusão: houve implicação da capacidade e comprometimento funcional nos pacientes traqueotomizados, fato que demanda novo olhar da equipe multidisciplinar frente às incapacidades e demonstra que independente da traqueotomia facilitar o desmame da ventilação mecânica e consequentemente o período de internação, causa importante impacto na qualidade de vida.
Triagem otoneurológica em operários da construção civil que executam trabalho em altura
Authors: Burle Najlla Lopes de Oliveira , Mancini Patrícia Cotta , Costa Natália Batista , Lemos Angélica Maria Moreira , Martins Tiago Ferreira , Meira André Lage
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas otoneurológicos em operários da construção civil do campus saúde da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) que trabalham expostos à altura. Métodos: estudo observacional transversal constituído por 33 trabalhadores da construção civil. Foi utilizado o Protocolo Ofício de Gestão de Diagnóstico Otoneurológico composto por anamnese, provas vestibulares realizadas por meio de Dix-Hallpike e nistagmo de posição, avaliação da dinâmica vestibular utilizando a prova de Head Shaking, provas de equilíbrio estático, dinâmico, cerebelares, investigação complementar dos pares cranianos, conclusão/conduta e orientação. Os dados foram lançados em planilha do programa SPSS versão 13.0, sendo consideradas significantes as diferenças que apresentaram nível de significância de até 5%. Resultados: todos os participantes eram do gênero masculino. A média de idade foi de 38,1 anos, variando de 21 a 65 anos. Um terço dos participantes apresentaram alteração na triagem devido a queixa de equilíbrio e/ou zumbido. Por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado foi possível observar diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo com queixa de equilíbrio para as variáveis de distúrbios circulatórios, cefaleia e uso de medicamentos, sendo que este último estatisticamente significante também no grupo com queixa de zumbido. Conclusão: um terço dos trabalhadores da construção civil que executam trabalho em altura apresentou triagem otoneurológica sugestiva de alteração.
Grupo de familiares de indivíduos com alteração de linguagem: o processo de elaboração e aplicação das atividades terapêuticas
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Luana Fabri Donadon dos , Montilha Rita De Cássia Ietto
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de elaboração e aplicação de atividades com grupos de familiares de crianças/adolescentes com alterações de linguagem em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. Métodos: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de grupo focal, sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de diário de campo das discussões em supervisões do estágio de Fonoaudiologia em Alterações de Linguagem da instituição de origem e de gravação de áudio e vídeo dos grupos de familiares, contendo transcrição e análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos. Resultados: as supervisões do estágio estimularam os alunos a amadurecer o raciocínio e levantar questões relevantes à abordagem com a família; nas atividades dos grupos, os participantes foram estimulados a refletirem sobre questões como postura frente às dificuldades, maneira de lidar com a alteração da linguagem, entre outros. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para a descrição do amadurecimento dos estagiários ao longo das supervisões, bem como levantou a discussão sobre abordagem do fonoaudiólogo ao familiar, estimulando-o a construir com o sujeito maneiras de beneficiá-lo em sua alteração de linguagem, sem danificar as relações de vínculos e interação.
Potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência: diferenças na forma de contagem do estímulo raro
Authors: Bruno Rubia Soares , Oppitz Sheila Jacques , Garcia Michele Vargas , Biaggio Eliara Pinto Vieira
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar se existe diferença nos achados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência em relação à latência e amplitude, em diferentes modos de contagem do estimulo raro, sendo contando mentalmente ou marcando no papel (sem memorizar). Métodos: esse estudo teve caráter prospectivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por conveniência sendo constituída por 49 indivíduos, sendo 29 do gênero feminino e 20 do gênero masculino. Foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: Inspeção Visual do Meato Acústico Externo, Audiometria Tonal Liminar, Medidas de Imitância Acústica e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência, o qual foi realizado duas vezes, uma após a outra, com os indivíduos atentando ao estímulo raro, começando sempre contando mentalmente e após marcando em um papel. Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as orelhas para as latências de P1, P2 e amplitude de N1 para o método de marcação no papel, da latência de N1 para o método de contagem mental dos estímulos raros, e da amplitude de P2 em ambos os métodos, porém com todos os valores dentro da faixa de normalidade. Além disso, a diferença estatisticamente significante também foi evidente na comparação entre os gêneros, sendo encontrados valores de latência maiores de P2 e N2 para o gênero masculino em ambos os métodos de contagem dos estímulos raros. A amplitude de P1, P2 e P3 foi menor no gênero masculino nas diferentes formas de contagem, sendo no P2 a diferença apenas no método contando mentalmente. Ao compararmos os métodos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para a latência de P2, a qual foi maior para o método marcando no papel. Conclusão: não houve diferença para as latências e amplitudes dos potenciais evocados auditivos de longa latência na comparação da contagem do estímulo raro (contando mentalmente e marcando no papel) para quase todos os potenciais, com exceção do potencial P2 em relação à latência e amplitude.
Visão dos graduandos do curso de Fonoaudiologia acerca da Fonoaudiologia Educacional a partir de suas experiências teórico-práticas
Authors: Sanabe Júnior Gilberto , Guarinello Ana Cristina , Santana Ana Paula , Berberian Ana Paula , Massi Giselle , Bortolozzi Kyrlian Bartira , Farinha Simone
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: discutir, sob a ótica dos graduandos de alguns cursos de Fonoaudiologia do Brasil, sua percepção acerca das ações fonoaudiológicas voltada à educação, bem como verificar o conhecimento e as experiências teórico/práticas que estes estudantes tiveram durante seus cursos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia. Métodos: 78 acadêmicos do último ano do curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, pertencentes a cinco diferentes universidades brasileiras responderam a um questionário com perguntas abertas sobre sua formação com enfoque na Fonoaudiologia Educacional. Resultados: a maior parte dos acadêmicos percebe que seus cursos propiciaram conhecimentos acerca da Fonoaudiologia Educacional, sendo que 27,63% relataram que os conhecimentos adquiridos partem de um viés clínico e apenas 14,47% dos graduandos apresentaram um conhecimento voltado para uma atuação fonoaudiológica que preconize a promoção da linguagem e do aprender. Quanto à função que deve ser exercida pelos fonoaudiólogos educacionais, 43,59 % citaram a atuação clínica, 25,64% relatam que a função que devem exercer é de promoção da linguagem e 14,10% citaram as duas formas de atuação. Conclusão: pode-se perceber por meio dos relatos de graduandos em Fonoaudiologia que os cursos de graduação nesta área ainda tendem a discutir a Fonoaudiologia Educacional apenas sob um enfoque clínico dentro da escola. Apesar disso, já se percebe uma minoria que discorre a respeito da atuação do fonoaudiólogo educacional por meio de ações de promoção da linguagem e da educação.