bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIETARY TREATMENT IN HYPERPROLINAEMIA TYPE II
Authors: SIMILÄ S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Similä, S. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Dietary treatment in hyperprolinaemia Type II. Acta Paediat Scand 63:249, 1974.–Hyperprolinaemia type II was diagnosed in a half‐year‐old boy (prohand) with convulsions and an encephalitis‐like period, and his symptomless brother aged 7 years. The plasma levels of proline were greatly elevated, 39.8 and 38.4 mg/100 ml, respectively. The urinary excretion of free proline and δ'‐pyrroline‐5‐carhoxylic acid (SPC) was increased. Reduction of the dietary proline of the prohand after the first encephalitis‐like period at the age of 7 months resulted in a slight decline of the plasma proline level and of the urinary excretion of proline and SPC. After a 14‐month dietary period convulsions began to recur, and an encephalitis‐like period followed. Thereafter, with a more restricted proline (90 mg/kg per day) intake, the decline of the plasma level of proline was clear. During a 3 years' period of dietary treatment the patient's growth and mental development were satisfactory, hut the electroencephalogram abnormalities remained. Restriction of dietary proline in the hyperprolinaemic brother resulted in a prompt fall of the plasma level of proline. The restriction of proline, however, did not normalize the elevated plasma level of proline, and the urinary excretion of 5PC did not cease completely. These results suggest that endogenous synthesis is not an important source of circulating proline. Restriction of dietary proline in hyperprolinaemia type II may be necessary during infancy at least if the plasma level of proline is greatly elevated as in our prohand.
CHANGES IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: ANDERSEN VAGN , ANDERSEN ELSE
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Andersen, V. and Andersen, E. (Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Changes in Blood Lymphocytes during the Neonatal Period. Acta Paediat Scand, 63:266, 1973.–Blood lymphocytes were studied in 6 normal neonates during the first 2 weeks after delivery. At birth, the larger lymphocytes constituted 90%; these cells decreased in number until day 3 and then increased again. Small, adult type lymphocytes showed a steady increase in numbers during the observation period. DNA‐synthesizing cells were demonstrated by means of 3H‐thymidine incorporation followed by autoradiography. At birth, their average concentration was 47 per µl; they decreased in number to 8 per µl on day 3 and rose to a maximum of 76 per µl on day 6. RNA metabolic activity was evaluated by the uptake of 3H‐cytidine. Similar but less pronounced findings were obtained, preceding the changes in the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells by one or two days. It is hypothesized that the increase from day 2 is due to activated lymphocytes and reflects the stimulation of the immune apparatus through antigenic exposure.
NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AFTER CATHETERIZATION OF THE UMBILICAL VESSELS
Authors: LIVADITIS A. , WALLGREN G. , FAXELIUS G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Livaditis, A., Wallgren, G. and Faxelius, G. (Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden). Necrotizing enterocolitis after catheterization of the umbilical vessels. Acta Paediat Scand, 63:277, 1974. –Necrotizing enterocolitis is reported in 7 infants who had undergone umbilical vessel catheterization. Five of them were treated surgically with two fatalities, while the remaining two recovered following conservative management. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a potential complication of umbilical vessel catheterization in particularly predisposed infants. The disorder may occur regardless of the type of vessel used or the indications for the procedure. Unless the ductus venoms is easily passed, umbilical venous catheterization for cardiovascular studies should preferably be avoided.
PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD GLUCOSE DURING LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH DIAZOXIDE FOR INFANT HYPOGLYCEMIA
Authors: VICTORIN LARS H. , THORELL JAN I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Victorin, L. H. and Thorell, J. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, and the Isotope Laboratory, Lund University at the General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Plasma insulin and blood glucose during long‐term treatment with diazoxide for infant hypoglycemia. Acta Paediat Scand, 63: 302, 1974.–Hypoglycemia of varying etiology is a mayor therapeutic problem in infancy and childhood. It has been shown that diazoxide may increase blood glucose, presumably mainly by prevention of excess insulin release from the pancreas. A case is reported where diazoxide has been used for more than three years in a boy with neurological symptoms due to severe idiopathic hypoglycemia with leucine intolerance where dietary treatment had proved insufficient. A profound improvement in blood glucose level and suppression of pathologic insulin response to both glucose and leucine loads was noted with a diazoxide dose of 15 mg/kg/day which, however, had to be abandoned due to side effects. Over a period of months without diazoxide, insulin responses to glucose and leucine loads progressively increased with recurrence of clinical symtoms. Over the last three years a dose of 5 mg/kg/day has proved effective in keeping clinical symptoms down without side effects. During these years a marked improvement has taken place in neurological, mental and physical development. It is concluded that when due consideration is given to known side effects diazoxide is a valuable adjuvant for long‐term treatment of infantile hypoglycemia.
AN ADDITIVE METHOD FOR AIRWAY RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Authors: KUREš H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Kureš, H. (Physiological Laboratory of the Paediatric Clinic, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and the Research Institute for Child Development, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia). An additive method for airway resistance measurement. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 351, 1974.–In order to increase the possibilities of determining the airway resistance, especially in children, an additive method has been developed which does not require cooperation of the subject being examined nor estimation of alveolar pressure. By means of mathematical derivations it is shown that the ratio mouth pressure difference and flow difference at instant change of additive resistances gives the airway resistance in laminar as well as nonlaminar flow. Besides a recording unit, the equipment consists of a special pick‐up tube with three parts: a flow pick‐up, a mouth pressure pick‐up and two added resistances with means for alternating between them. The method has been tested by using artificial flow resistances and by means of a conventional body plethysmographic method in 4 healthy adults, 10 healthy children and 8 asthmatic children. A correspondence within ±4% of obtained values was found with no significant differences. The method does not call for any artificial breathing manoeuvre, does not cause any unpleasant sensation and allows repetition at short intervals.
MICROBIAL FLORA AND DISACCHARIDASE DEPRESSION IN INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS
Authors: BARNES G. L. , BISHOP RUTH F. , TOWNLEY R. R. W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Barnes, G. L., Bishop, R. F. and Townley, R. R. W. (Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia). Microbial Flora and Disacharidase Depression in Infantile Gastroenteritis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 423, 1974.–In infants with acute gastroenteritis, disaccharidase activity in duodenum is depressed in a majority of patients. There is a statistically significant association between abundant growth of Candida albicans in the duodenum and depression of lactase activity at the same level.
LOCAL PERINEAL ACTINOMYCOSlS
Authors: DOMELLöF LENNART , ERIKSSON SUNE , SAMUELSON GöSTA , SONNE BO
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Domellöf, L., Eriksson, S., Samuelson, G. and Sonne, B. (Departments of Pathology, Paediatrics and Surgery, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Local perineal actinomycosis. Ada Paediatr Scand, 63: 450, 1974.–A case of perineal actinomycosis in a 7‐yearsld child is reported. A localized tumour was excised and actinomycetes was demonstrated histologically. The etiology, therapy and prognosis are discussed. The importance of microscopical examination of infections in the ano‐rectal area is emphasized.
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY OF KRABBE'S DISEASE II. Futty Acid Composition of Cerebrosides, Sulfatides and Sphingomyrlins in Brain
Authors: VANIER MARIE THERESE , SVENNERHOLM LARS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Vanier, M.‐Th. and Svennerholm, L. (Department of Neurochemistry, Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Göeborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Chemical Pathology of Krabbe's Disease. II. Fatty acid composition of cerebrosides, sulfatides and sphingomyelins in brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 501, 1974.—The fatty acid composition of sphingomyelins, cerebrosides and sulfatides was determined in cerebral tissue from 18 Swedish children aged 7–32 months, with Krabbe's disease. Sphingomyelins of the white matter had a fatty acid pattern which indicated a serious deficiency of myelin. The fatty acid pattern also suggested that a substantial amount of the sphingomyelins was derived from cells of mesenchymal origin. The cerebrosides, and to a certain extent the sulfatides of cerebral cortex and white matter, had a higher concentration of saturated very‐long‐chain C23‐C26 acids than normal brains. The difference from the normal fatty acid pattern of cerebrosides was smaller in myelin. This suggests that the cerebrosides stored in the globoid cells have an abnormal fatty acid composition.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE PREPARATIONS ON NITROGEN RETENTION IN HYPOPITUITARY CHILDREN
Authors: BUTENANDT O. , BIDLINGMAIER F. , KNORR D.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Butenandt, O., Bidlingmaier, F. and Knorr, D. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Munich, Germany). Effect of different human growth hormone preparations on nitrogen retention in hypopituitary children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 549, 1974.—The biologic activity of three different preparations of human growth hormone (HGH) obtained with the methods of Raben, Reisfeld and Roos respectively were compared in nitrogen retention tests in 18 patients with hypopituitarism and in 17 children with familial shortness of stature. HGH Raben produced a mean nitrogen retention of 30.9% in 11 hypopituitary patients and no retention in the control group, HGH Reisfeld was followed by a retention of 19.7% in the 9 hypopituitary patients and an elevated excretion of 12% in the control group, and HGH Roos evoked a retention of 33.2% only in the 9 hypopituitary children. HGH Reisfeld had a lesser response in consecutive tests with different HGH preparations in the same patients than the other two HGH preparations. The dilution curve of HGH Reisfeld obtained with a double antibody radio immunoassay did not parallel a dilution curve of a reference hormone from the National Institute of Health whereas the other two preparations had identical dilution curves. It is concluded that the method of extraction alters the biologic activity of the hormone as well as the physico‐chemical properties.
ANAEROBIC BACTERIA AND DECONJUGATED BILE SALTS IN THE UPPER SMALL INTESTINE OF INFANTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: CHALLACOMBE D. N. , RICHARDSON JUDITH M. , EDKINS SUSAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Challacombe, D. N., Richardson, J. M. and Edkins, S. (Institute of Child Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England). Anaerobic bacteria and deconjugated bile salts in the upper small intestine of infants with gastrointestinal disorders. Acta Paediat Scand, 63: 581, 1974.—Deconjugated bile salts have been reported in the upper small intestine of infants with protracted diarrhoea and secondary mono‐saccharide intolerance. As deconjugated bile salts inhibit monosaccharide transport mechanisms in the small intestine of experimental animals both in vivo and in vitro, they may also cause monosaccharide malabsorption in these infants. In this study infants and children with protracted diarrhoea have been challenged with oral sugar loads to detect patients with glucose or lactose intolerance. The duodenal juice of all infants with protracted diarrhoea was examined by thin layer chromatography and fluonmetry for deconjugated bile salts and cultured anaerobically for bacteria with known deconjugating properties. In addition duodenal juice from infants and children with other gastrointestinal disorders was similarly studied. Deconjugated bile salts and obligate anaerobic bacteria were only associated in two out of thirty samples of duodenal juice, one from an infant with secondary lactose intolerance, and one from an infant with unexplained failure to gain weight. The absence of deconjugated bile salts in the duodenum of two infants with secondary monosaccharide intolerance and from other infants with protracted diarrhoea, does not support the suggestion that the action of deconjugated bile salts on the small intestinal mucosa, is an important causative factor in these disorders.
COR TRIATRIATUM IN A 3 MONTH OLD INFANT An operable form of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: WYLER FELIX , RUTISHAUSER M. , GRADEL E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Wyler, F., Rutishauser, M. and Grädel, E. (Children's Hospital and Department of Heart Surgery, University of Basel, Switzerland). An operable form of pulmonary hypertension: Cor triatriatum in a 3‐month‐old infant. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 619, 1974. —In a 3‐month‐old infant the clinical picture and the diagnostic criteria of cor triatriatum are presented. In addition to the pressure differences between PC wedge and left atrium the angiocardiogram is pertinent for detecting this malformation. This easily operable condition should be included in the differential diagnosis in every case of pulmonary hypertension from elevated pulmonary venous pressure. This is, to our knowledge, the youngest patient reported with correct preoperative diagnosis and surgical cure.
FAMILIAL 4/22 TRANSLOCATION WITH PARTIAL TRISOMY FOR THE SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 4 IN TWO SIBS
Authors: SARTORI A. , TENCONI R. , BACCICHETTI C. , PUJATTI G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Sartori, E., Tenconi, R., Baccichetti, C. & Pujatti, G. (Paediatric Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy). Familial 4/22 translocation with partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 4 in two sibs. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 631, 1974.—The further study of subjects, whose abnormal karyotype has been identified by means of the fine analysis of the chromatids with chromosome banding techniques, is necessary for a valid comparison of the clinical patterns. In this paper chromosome banding was carried out by the reverse‐staining Giemsa method in the 5 living members of a family with two sibs affected by the same abnormal phenotype. Severe mental retardation, stunted growth, peculiar facies, low‐set ears, turricephaly and bilateral hip dislocation or hypoplasia were the main features. The mother and a normal sister had normal karyotype. The father presented a balanced translocation between the short arm of chromosome number 4 and the long arm of chromosome 22. The two malformed children were trisomic for a segment of the short arm of chromosome number 4 (4p14.4pter). The clinical picture observed in these malformed children is quite different from that noted in the only case reported of a child affected by a trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 4 identified by autoradiography alone. This may depend on the different amount of genetic material or on the different chromosome involved in the translocation.
IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC DETERMINATION OF SERUM GLOBULINS 1N NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: DAVIDSEN OTTO
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Davidsen, Otto (Diabetes Centre, Royal Maternity Department B, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sundby Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark) Immunoelectrophoretic Determination of Serum Globulins in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 833, 1974.—Serum globulins were investigated by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the cord blood from 40 infants of diabetic mothers and 92 infants with non‐diabetic mothers. In infants of non‐diabetic mothers the concentration of most globulins was lower than in adults and positively correlated to the gestational age of the infant. For α2‐HS‐glycoprotein and an unidentified α2‐glob‐uEn, however, a negative correlation to the gestational age was observed. Infants of diabetic mothers had a higher Concentration of transferrin and lower concentrations of α2‐macroglohulin and α1‐lipoprotein as compared with infants of the reference group. In the diabetes group the globulin concentrations were correlated neither to the gestational age nor to their increased birth weight, but the ratio α2,‐macroglobulin/α2‐HS‐glycoprotein, which was expected to be independent of variations in the degree of hydremia of the infants, was significantly correlated to the gestational age. As judged from this parameter, infants of diabetic mothers are comparable to infants of non‐diabetic mothers of about 4 weeks lower gestational age.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS: Occurrence of Precipitating Antibodies against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Relation to the Concentration of Sixteen Serum Proteins and the Clinical and Radiographical Status of thi Lungs
Authors: HØIBY NIELS , JACOBSEN LARS , JØRGENSEN BIRGIT A. , LYKKEGAARD ERLING , WEEKE BENT
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT, Heiby, N., Jacobsen, L., Jergensen, B. A., Lykkegaard, E. and Weeke, B. (Statens Seruminstitut, Department of Clinical Microbiology at Blegdamshospitalet, the Paediatric Clinic TG with the Paediatric Clinic of Dronning Louises Børnehospital, the Radiologic Department TX, Rigshospitalet, and the Protein Laboratory, Untversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 843, 1974.—The significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the respiratory tract of 9 cystic fibrosis patients have been studied by means of immunoelectrophoretical analysis of patients' sera for the number of precipitins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the concentrations of 16 serum proteins. In addition, the clinical and radiographical status of the lungs have been evaluated using 2 scoring systems. Precipitins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated in all sera, the maximum number in one serum was 22. The concentrations of 12 of the serum proteins were significantly changed compared with matched control persons. Notably IgG and IgA were elevated and the “acute phase proteins” were changed, the latter suggesting active tissue damage. The concentrations of 3 of the acute phase proteins, notably haptoglobin were correlated to the number of precipitins suggesting that the respiratory tract infection in patients with many precipitins is accompanied by more tissue damage than the infection in patients with few precipitins. The results indicate no protective value of the many precipitins on the tissue of the respiratory tract.
VISCOSITY OF THE BLOOD IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: BERGQVIST G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Bergqvist, G. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St Göran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Viscosity of the blood in the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 858, 1974.—Whole blood viscosity has been measured with a Brookfidd LVT viscometer on newborn infants with varying hematocrit values. Normal term infants appropriate for gestational age, preterms and small for gestational age infants were studied during the first week. Viscosity/hematocrits varied enormously both in different infants, but also between groups, i.e. terms, preterms and SGA. Marked variations occurred during the first week of life. The normal viscosity values were found to be roughly twice as high as in adults, whereas the plasma viscosity was the same or rather lower. The difference in viscosity in relation to adults seems to be due almost entirely to the higher hematocrit values. With late clamping of the cord, infants (and especially small for gestational age infants) may have extremely high hematocrit and viscosity valUS.
BLOOD VISCOSITY AND PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS: A Study on Resting Flow
Authors: BERGQVIST GUDMUND , ZETTERSTROM ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Bergqvist, G. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St Göran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Blood viscosity and peripheral circulation in newborn infants. A study on resting flow. Acta Paediat Scand,63: 865, 1974.—Whole blood viscosity, hernatocrit and peripheral resting flow have been measured in 18 one to three days old newborn infants. There was no correlation between viscosity and blood flow or between viscosity and peripheral resistance. In seven infants isovolemic hernodilution was performed. This procedure did not alter the resting blood flow.
THE EFFECT OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON PLATELET FUNCTION IN CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: GOLDSCHMIDT B. , SORLAND S. J. , BJØRNSTAD P. G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Goldschmidt, B., Serland, S. J. and Bjernstad, P. G. (Second Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Thrombosis Research and Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway). The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet functions in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 869, 1974.—Children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) are susceptible to thromboembolic complications. The pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function may be efficacious in the prophylaxis of thrombosis. The authors have studied the platelet count, Ivy and Duke bleeding time, platelet adhesiveness in vivo and in vitro, thrombelastogram, spontaneous platelet aggregability and platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP and adrenaline in children with CCHD before and afier ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or placebo. Before treatment, some of the patients had thrombocytopenia, prolonged Ivy bleeding time, increased platelet adhesiveness in vivo and in vitro and increased spontaneous platelet aggregation. In a placebo group, there was no significant change in the pre‐ and post‐treatment values of the investigated indices. After ASA treatment there was no significant change in the platelet counts, Duke bleeding time and thrombelastogram. There was a significant prolongation of Ivy bleeding time, decrease of in vivo and in vitro platelet adhesiveness and normalization of the spontaneous platelet aggregation. ASA inhibited the secondary wave of aggregation induced by small doses of ADP or adrenaline, and decreased aggregation induced by collagen. These data suggest that ASA may be suitable for prevention of thromboembolic complications in CCHD.
HEREDITARY SYNDROME CONSISTING IN RECURRENT ATTACKS RESEMBLING BRACHIAL PLEXUS NEURITIS, SPECIAL FACIAL FEATURES, AND CLEFT PALATE
Authors: ERIKSON ANDERS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Erikson, Anders (Department of Paediatrics, Centrallasarettet, Boden, Sweden). Hereditary syndrome consisting in recurrent attacks resembling brachial plexus neuritis, special facial features, and cleft palate. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 885, 1974.—A father and his two daughters with recurrent reversible attacks resembling brachial plexus neuritis are presented. In this family cleft palate and a previously described characteristic facial appearance accompanied the disorder. No other abnormalities nor any specific cause of the attacks were found. EMG of shoulder, arm and hand muscles revealed signs of partial denervation. Physiotherapy seemed to accelerate the spontaneous recovery. The condition has a better prognosis than some similar disorders for which it is easily mistaken.
MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS IN CHILDREN A CLINICO‐PATHOLOGIC RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: GARWICZ S. , LANDBERG T. , ÅKEKMAN M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Garwicz, S., Landberg, T. and Åkerman, M. (Departments of Paediatrics, Radiotherapy, Cytodiagnostics and Pathology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Malignant lymphomas in children—A clinico‐pathologic retrospective study. II. Non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Acta Paediat Scand,63:679, 1974.—Data on 27 children with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas are given. None had leukemia at the time of diagnosis. Twenty‐one were boys. At microscopic review the lesions were classified according to Rappaport. All but one had diffuse lymphoma, which was lymphocytic in 13, histiocytic in 9, and of the Burkitt‐type in 5. Pronounced differences thus exist between the morphology of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in children and in adults. Extralymphatic manifestations were often seen, especially in lymphocytic lymphoma. This type also showed a marked tendency to leukemic transformation, and accounted for 5 out of the 6 patients with leukemic transformation. Such transformation occurred within 6 months after the diagnosis. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy or chemotherapy or a combination of the two. The results of radiation therapy indicate that the Burkitt‐type tumours do not respond well to conventional fractionation. The survival rate in the present series was very poor. Only 3 of the patients are still alive, whereas the remaining 24 have died mean 5 months after the beginning of treatment. Non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in children differ from non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in adults. Generalization is the rule, and a more aggressive therapeutic approach is justified, guided by the morphologic picture, and utilizing radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy.
SERUM LEVELS AND RENAL EXCRETION OF DIGOXIN DURING MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN CHILDREN
Authors: HSALO E. , DAHL M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Iisalo, E. and Dahl, M. (Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland). Serum Levels and Renal Excretion of Digoxin during Maintenance Therapy in Children. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:699, 1974.—To exclude an increased excretion of digoxin as a possible reason for higher dose requirement in children a radioimmunoassay of digoxin in the serum and the 24 hr urine was carried out in 26 children, mainly infants, with congenital heart disease. This procedure was repeated on two consecutive days, in total 64 times during digoxin maintenance therapy.

The daily digoxin dose per kilogram of body weight in these small children was twice as high as that used in adults. The steady state level of serum digoxin corresponded approximately to that of adults. A few fairly high digoxin levels were, however, measured in infants without any signs of digitalis toxicity.

The daily excretion of digoxin in the urine during maintenance therapy was approximately the same in all age groups and on an average 47 per cent of the daily dose. This percentage is somewhat lower than that found in adults. The low renal excretion of digoxin in one newborn caused high serum digoxin levels.

The higher dosage requirement of digoxin per kilogram of body weight in children as compared to adults cannot be explained with differences in the renal excretion of digoxin.
CONCENTRATIONS OF DIGOXIN IN PLASMA AND URINE IN NEONATES, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN WITH HEART DISEASE
Authors: WETTRELL G. , ANDERSSON K.‐E. , BERTLER Å. , LUNDSTRÖM N. R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Wettrell, G., Andersson, K.‐E., Bertler, Å. and Lundström, N. R. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Concentrations of digoxin in plasma and urine in neonates, infants, and children with heart disease. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:705, 1974.—By means of radioimmunoassay and 86Rb‐uptake inhibition assay, concentrations of digoxin in plasma and urine have been determined in different paediatric age groups. On equal daily maintenance doses (0.012–0.013 mg digoxin/kg b.w./day) a higher mean plasma digoxin level was found in full term neonates (3–30 days), 2.1 ng/ml, than in infants (1–12 months) and children (1–10 years), 1.2 and 1.4 ng/ml, respectively. On a maintenance dose of 0.019 mg/kg b.w./day, one group of infants had an average plasma digoxin level of 2.1 ng/ml (range 1.1–2.9 ng/ml). No signs of toxicity were found. A gradual increase in the renal clearance of digoxin during the first few months of life was demonstrated. There was a highly significant correlation between the clearances of digoxin and creatinine (r=0.87, p<0.001). It is concluded that the high mean plasma digoxin level in full‐term neonates could be explained by low renal elimination of the glycoside.
LIPIDS IN CORD SERUM AND FREE FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA IN HEALTHY NEWBORN TERM INFANTS
Authors: CHRISTENSEN NlELS CHR.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Christensen, N. Chr. (Department of Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark). Lipids in cord serum and free fatty acids in plasma in healthy newborn term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:711, 1974.—Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycerol in cord serum and plasma FFA in cord blood and at 1 1/2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after birth were determined in 18 healthy term infants. Concentrations of lipids in cord blood were low; and there were no correlation between cord lipids and subsequent FFA values. A rapid increase in FFA level, with peak values at 12 hours, was seen. Significant, negative correlations were found between FFA concentration and rectal temperature at 1 1/2 hour and between total caloric intake and FFA concentration at 48 hours.
PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN NON‐PROGRESSIVE ATAXIC SYNDROMES A Study of 26 Children and Adolescents
Authors: BERGSTRÖM KJELL , SANNER GUNNAR
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Bergström, K. and Sanner, G. (Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Pneumoencephalography in non‐progressive ataxic syndromes. A study of 26 children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:732, 1974.—Twenty‐six patients with a congenital non‐progressive ataxic syndrome underwent pneumoencephalography (PEG). The patients were classified clinically into four groups: (I) The dysequilibrium syndrome (DES). (II) The dysequili brium syndrome with cataract. (III) Transitional form (TF). (IV) Simple ataxia (SA). In patients with signs of dysequilibrium different PEG changes were found; 16 of the 21 patients had cerebellar abnormalities. In all but one of the evaluable cases with signs of DES and cerebellar abnormalities on PEG a small antero‐superior part of the vermis was characteristic, which might be of patho‐genetic importance. None of the 5 patients with SA had a small cerebellar vermis. It was suggested that PEG may be of diagnostic help in infancy in presumptive ataxic conditions, but is neither of prognostic importance nor of diagnostic help for delineating specific hereditary forms.
ENHANCEMENT OF FAT ELIMINATION DURING INTRAVENOUS FEEDING
Authors: FORGET P. P. F. X. , FERNANDES J. , BEGEMANN P. HAVERKAMP
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Forget, P. P. F. X., Fernandes, J. and Haverkamp Begemann, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital and Neonatal Unit, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands). Enhancement of fat utilization during prolonged intravenous feeding. AdaPaediatrScand, 63:750, 1974.‐An 8‐year‐old girl with severe underweight caused by anorexia nervosa was treated with total intravenous nutrition for 4 weeks. During this period the Intralipid dose was stepwise increased, the doses of Vamin and glucose were kept constant. The Intralipid dose was monitored by the determination of the serum Intralipid levels. The fat utilization was investigated by intravenous fat tolerance tests and the estimation of postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity of the plasma. The Intralipid elimination constant increased from 796 to 2296/min, the postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased from 50 to 317 μEq fatty acid/min/l. These data enabled us to increase the Intralipid dose from 3 g fat/kg/per day to 8 g fat/kg/per day, without an increase of the triglyceride blood levels. We may conclude that lipoprotein lipase is an inducible enzyme. It is not clear which component of the hyper‐caloric intravenous regime causes this induction.
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID LIPIDOSIS INFANTILE FORM OF SO‐CALLED NEURONAL CEROIDLIPOFUSCINOSIS: I. Clinical and Morphological Aspects
Authors: HAGBERG B. , HALTIA M. , SOURANDER P. , SVENNERHOLM L. , EEG‐OLOFSSON O.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Hagberg, B., Haltia, M., Sourander, P., Svennerholm, L. and Eeg‐Olofsson, O. (Departments of Paediatrics II, Pathology I and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Pathology II, University of Helsinki, Finland). Poly‐unsaturated fatty acid lipidosb—an infantile form of so‐called neuronal ceroidlipo‐fuscinosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:753, 1974.—Clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings in three children of Finnish origin and with a severe progressive encephalopathy are reported. The main symptoms were rapid developmental regression from about one year of age, loss of speech, severe visual failure and pronounced secondary microcephaly. A decerebrated state was reached within 1–3 years. Laboratory tests revealed a successively decreasing CSF τ‐fraction. The fatty acid composition of Serum lecithin showed an increased amount of arachidonic acid in the early stage of the disease, a pattern consistent with the biochemical changes in the brain.

The morphological characteristics consisted of extreme cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, massive neuronal destruction associated with a pronounced macrophage and astrocytic reaction, and strongly PAS‐reacting and autofluorescent granular deposits in the cytoplasm of the remaining cells. Electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic osmiophilic deposits in the form of aggregates of globules with a uniform and finely granular ultra‐structure.

The condition was considered to be a nosological entity with a uniform clinical picture and characteristic ultrastructural changes in the brain. The evidence produced suggests that the disease described is identical with a progressive heredodegenerative disorder, known to have been diagnosed during recent years in more than 50 Finnish infants and small children and earlier described under the name of infantile type of so‐called neuronal ceroidlipifuscinosis.
THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME OF INFANCY
Authors: BOUTON J. M. , COULTER J. B. S.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Bouton, J. M., and Coulter, J. B. S. (Departments of Pathology and Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, England). The nephrotic syndrome of infancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:769, 1974.—Nine cases of the nephrotic syndrome occurring in infancy in the years 1954–70 are presented. Clinical, laboratory and histological data are documented. Although they do not form a homogeneous group an effort is made to group them particularly as to their resemblance to the congenital nephrotic syndrome as found in Finland. The histology of microglomeruli and ectasia of the renal tubules, though distinctive, can be seen in other renal diseases. The mechanism of virtually inevitable death and the suddenness of death is discussed and suggestions are made as to supportive therapy, particularly regular gamma globulin injections, for prophylaxis against infection.
ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM COINCIDENT WITH EPSTEIN‐BARR VIRUS INFECTION IN AN INFANT
Authors: HAMMAR HANS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Hammar, H. (Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden). Erythema annulare centrifugum coincident with Epstein‐Barr virus infection in an infant. Acta Paediatr Scand63: 788, 1974.—Persistent annular erythemas include various more or less distinctly defined clinical entities mostly found in adults but are sometimes seen in infants. Erythema annulare centrifugum is distinguished as one group among these dermatoses. The pathogenesis of the annular erythemas is not clearly understood. A two‐week‐old girl who developed recurrent erythema annulare centrifugum during her first 6 months of life is described. Significant changes in the titres of anti‐Epstein‐Barr virus antibodies were coincident with the clinical course. The general health of the girl was not affected and there were no signs of infectious mononucleosis either in the girl or in her mother. The eruption left an apparently normal skin except for one lesion with atrophy and telangiectases one year after its first appearance. The coincistence of the significant rise and fall of anti‐Epstein‐Barr antibody titres with the clinical appearance of erythema annulare centrifugum strongly suggests a pathogenetic effect of the virus on the skin eruption.
INFLUENCE OF FORMULA CONCENTRATION ON CALORIC INTAKE AND GROWTH OF NORMAL INFANTS
Authors: SAMUEL J. , FOMON  , FILER  , THOMAS. LORA N. , ANDERSON THOMAS A. , NELSON STEVEN E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Fomon, S. J., Filer, L. J., Jr, Thomas, L. N., Anderson, T. A. and Nelson, S. E. (Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA). Influence of formula concentration on caloric intake and growth of normal infants. Acta Paediatr Stand, 64:172, 1975.–Fifteen fullterm female infants were enrolled in each of two feeding groups and all but one completed the proposed period of observation to age 112 days. Formulas prepared from the same ingredients (fat‐free milk solids, a mixture of corn and coconut oils, lactose, vitamins and minerals) were fed ad libitum to both groups. Formula concentration was 54 kcal/100 ml for one group and 100 kcal/100 ml for the other. A limited selection of commercially prepared strained foods was permitted after 28 days of age. Weighed intakes of food were recorded for each day of study. During the interval 8 through 41 days of age, the infants fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula consumed a considerably greater quantity of food but fewer calories than did those fed the 100 kcal/100 ml formula. Those fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula also gained less weight. These differences between feeding groups were statistically significant. After 41 days of age, mean caloric intakes (kcal/kg/day) and rates of gain in weight were similar for the two feeding groups. The data provide a basis for speculation on the possible difference in allocation of calories to growth and non‐growth in the two groups.
THE CHANGING PANORAMA OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN SWEDEN 1954–1970
Authors: HAGBERG B. , HAGBERG G. , OLOW I.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G. and Olow, I. (Department of Paediatrics II, Children's Hospital and the Habilitation Unit of Bräcke‐Östergård, Gothenburg, Sweden). The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954–1970. I. Analysis of the general changes. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:187, 1975 From an unselected series of 560 cases of cerebral palsy in Sweden, born 1954‐70, the changes in incidence through the four periods 1954‐58, 1959‐62, 1963‐66 and 1967‐70 were analysed. The total incidence successively and significantly decreased from 2·2 %0 in the first period to 1·3 %0 in the last. This decrease was mainly related to (1) the syndromes of spastic and ataxic diplegia, (2) the low birth weight babies, and (3) the group with perinatal causes. The decrease was not related to any special intelligence quotient or geographical region.
IATROGENIC OSTEOMALACIA IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN C. , RøDBRO P. , NIELSEN C. THøGER
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Christiansen, C, Redbro, P., and Theger Nielsen, C. (Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Physiology, Paediatrics and Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, 2600 Glostrup, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Aalborg Sygehus Syd, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark). Iatrogenic osteomalacia in epileptic children. A controlled therapeutic trial. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:219, 1975.–Bone mineral content (BMC) in the forearms (related to total body calcium) was measured for a controlled therapeutic trial in 25 epileptic children on long‐term treatment with phenytoin and in 22 normal children before and during treatment with vitamin D or placebo. In the epileptic children, hypocalcaemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase was found in 20% and 16%, respectively. The group of epileptic children treated with vitamin D2 (2000 IU daily) for 3 months showed a significant increase in bone mineral content, 5% on average. The epileptic children treated with placebo showed a significant decrease, 2% on average, while the normal children treated with vitamin D or placebo showed no change in bone mineral content. The results indicate a possible benefit of prophylactic vitamin D treatment in epileptic children.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN A NORTHERN SWEDISH COUNTY
Authors: SAMUELSON GöSTA , BLOMQUIST HANS K:SON , CROSSNER CLAES‐GORAN , HOLM ANNA‐KARIN , GRAHNEN HANS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Samuelson, G., Blomquist, H. K:son, Crossner, C.‐G., Holm, A.‐K. and Grahnén, H. (Departments of Paediatrics and Pedodontics, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden). An epidemiological study of child health and nutrition in a northern Swedish county. VII. A comparative study of general and dental health, food habits and socioeconomic conditions in 4‐year‐old children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:241, 1975.–A study of the general and dental health and the food habits of randomly selected 4‐year‐old Swedish urban children was performed. The results were compared with the findings of an investigation carried out four years earlier in the same area. In comparison with the earlier study no significant differences were found in haemoglobin values, packed red cell volume, microsedimentation rate and anthropometric measurements. The food habits had altered. A reduction in the frequency of between‐meal consumption, particularly of sweets and soft drinks, as well as a reduction of the frequency of meat, fish and egg consumption was found. The children had an increased sandwich and milk consumption. The caries frequency was markedly reduced, which might be explained by the decreased between‐meal consumption and an increased consumption of fluoride tablets. The food habits and the caries situation were generally influenced by the parents' socio‐economic conditions, especially their educational level.
SUBMAXIMAL BLOOD FLOW AND BLOOD VISCOSITY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: BERGQVIST GUDMUND , ZETTERSTROM ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Bergqvist, G. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska lnstitutet, St Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Submaximal blood flow and blood viscosity in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:253, 1974.–In newborn infants with varying hematocrit values the submaximal blood flow has been studied by the use of strain gauge plethysmography under standardized conditions. Submaximal flow was defined as the flow obtained after 4 minutes of suprasystolic occlusion. With increasing hematocrit there was a decreasing maximal flow. Capillary filtration coefficient seemed to decrease with increasing hematocrit. The relation between circulatory failure in newborns due to abnormally high hematocrit and low capacity to increase blood flow upon demand has been discussed.
CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: NAJJAR SAMIR S. , SALEM GEORGE M. , IDRISS ZIAD H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Najjar, S., Salem, G. and Idriss, Z. (Department of Pediatrics, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon). Congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:273, 1975.–Six patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy are described. They had generalized paucity of fat tissue, acanthosis nigricans, prominent superficial veins and muscle hypertrophy. They were mentally retarded. Three had corneal opacities. They had normal external genitalia and none was tall for age. Their bone age was advanced and some had minor skeletal anomalies and nephromegaly. The muscle histology on light microscopy was normal. The majority had elevated serum aldolase and to a lesser degree serum lactic dehydrogenase and creatinine phosphokinase. Four of five examined had a myopathic electromyogram. They had normal or minimally deranged liver function tests. The fatty liver infiltration in one seems to be progressive. Four had a normal and two an abnormal metyrapone test. They had an age‐dependent abnormality of growth hormone, insulin and carbohydrate homeostasis.
HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN NEONATAL THYROID TISSUES
Authors: ETLING N. , LARROCHE J.CI.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Etling, N. and Larroche, J. C. (Unité Inserm 30, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Centre de Recherches biologiques néonatales, Hôpital de Port Royal, Paris, France). Histological and biochemical changes in neonatal thyroid tissues. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:315, 1975.–The thyroid tissues of 17 infants who died between 3 hours and 46 days after birth were studied by histological and biochemical techniques. The morphological aspect and the iodine content of these tissues are not related to the gestational age of the neonates, but they are related to the survival time, There are dramatic events early after birth: desquamation of the epithelium and absence of colloid, low iodine content of tissue extract (less than 1 m̈g127‐I per mg of protein) and low percentage of thyroglobulin (less than 10 %). 24 hours after birth, the vesicles fill with colloid and the epithelium is cuboidal; the iodine content of the protein increases (between 1 and 2 m̈g 127I per mg protein) as well as the thyroglobulin percentage (around 20 %). One week after birth, there is a maximum of colloid and flat epithelium; the iodine content of the protein extract is much higher (more than 2 m̈g 127I per mg protein) as is thyroglobulin percentage (up to 40 %). Our studies of thyroid tissues of neonates suggest that a leakage of colloid, iodine and thyroglobulin takes place in the perinatal period, this phenomenon being followed by their rapid repletion.
ADDITIONAL DATA ON HEPATIC FUNCTION TESTS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: FEIGELSON J. , PECAU YVETTE , CATHELINEAU LILIANE , NAVARRO J.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Feigelson, J., Pecau, Y., Cathelineau, L. and Navarro, J. (49, Bd Bessieres 75‐Paris XVIIO, France). Additional data on hepatic function tests in cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:337, 1975.–Fifty cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, of whom 9 had multilobular cirrhosis, were observed regularly for a period of 3 years and various liver function tests, indicating cytolysis, cholestasis and cellular insufficiency were performed. Immunoglobulin and prothrombin were assayed. In 9 patients with cirrhosis, the tests were generally abnormal. Two distinct biochemical patterns of cirrhosis were distinguished, one clearly cholestatic and the other of a more cellular type. The distinction was made on the basis of the IgA: Transferrin ratio and of gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase levels. In the non‐cirrhotic patients, a temporary increase of cytolysis and cholestasis was observed in 50 % of the cases.