bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BIOEKONOMI PERIKANAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING DI LARANTUKA, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR, INDONESIA
Authors: Utami Pratita Budi , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Zulbainarni Nimmi , Ayunda Nisa
Published: June 2020

Tingginya permintaan tuna sirip kuning baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pasar mancanegara dan pasar lokal, berdampak pada keberlanjutan perikanan tuna tersebut. Wilayah perairan Flores Timur adalah salah satu lokasi migrasi bagi tuna sirip kuning; Kecamatan Larantuka merupakan tempat pendaratan terpenting bagi nelayan lokal handline tuna sirip kuning. Kegiatan perikanan tuna sirip kuning ini merupakan salah satu pendapatan utama bagi nelayan lokal dan pemerintah daerah setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi tingkat eksploitasi dan menganalisa rezim pemanfaatan dari perikanan handline tuna sirip kuning di Larantuka, Flores Timur. Model bioekonomi Fox dan Copes digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menganalisa tingkat lestari sumber daya tuna ekor kuning dari pendekatan input dan output. Hasil estimasi dari kedua model menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan tuna sirip kuning oleh nelayan lokal handline masih dalam zona lestari secara ekonomi dan ekologi. Maximum economic yield (MEY) merupakan strategi terbaik untuk mengelola keberlanjutan perikanan tuna sirip kuning di perairan Flores Timur. Melalui pengelolaan rezim MEY diperkirakan dapat menyerap tenaga kerja lebih dari 30 orang, peningkatan armada alat penangkapan sebanyak 25 unit dan pemasukan keuntungan secara ekonomi sebesar Rp68.123.060.000,00 per tahun.Title: Bioeconomic Analysis of Yellowfin Tuna Fishery in Larantuka of East Flores Regency, Indonesia The high demand for yellowfin tuna both in national and international markets has a consequence to the fish resources sustainability. Eastern Flores water is a major area of this tuna mobility; the district of Larantuka is the central port for local yellowfin tuna handline fisheries. These activities are substantial incomes for the local community and regional government. This study, therefore, aims to calculate fish exploitation level and to analyze appropriate management for yellowfin tuna fisheries in Larantuka, East Flores. The bioeconomics Fox and Copes models are used to evaluating the optimal fisheries from input and output approaches. The models’ applications demonstrated that yellowfin tuna handline fisheries are currently estimated sustainable both in ecology and economics. During the study period, the maximum economic yield (MEY) is a recommended strategy to manage yellowfin tuna fisheries in Larantuka, Eastern Flores. The strategy contributes to increasing the number of workers about 30 people, the number of fishing fleets about 25 units and reaching the economic rent  IDR 68.123.060.000,00 in a year
Fish distribution in the Ba Che and Tien Yen rivers
Authors: Thuy Ta Thi , Hau Tran Duc , Huan Nguyen Xuan , Long Pham Van
Published: June 2020

The ichthyo-fauna in the Ba Che and Tien Yen rivers, northern Vietnam is highly diverse, with a total of 245 species determined. However, data on the distribution of fish species are not sufficiently provided for the whole area. This study was conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 27 stations from the Ba Che and Tien Yen river basins to determine the distribution of fish species according to different sections of the rivers, water bodies, seasons, and salinity levels. The results show that fish species are distributed mainly in the river (with 210 species), concentrated in the downstream area (with 213 species). Fishes are mainly collected in the dry season when the salinity level of river is high, due to seawater intrusion which also brings in 160 species of marine fish. This shows that fish distribution in the research areas is mainly dominated by the presence of marine species. While for freshwater fish, it is clearly affected by the mountainous features. Apart from the common characteristics sharing between the two river basins, but the number of both freshwater and marine fish species in the Tien Yen river are larger than those of Ba Che river, which is related to fresh water surface, river morphology, the width and location of the estuary to the sea. The downstream area is home to the fish species recorded in the Red Data Book of Vietnam and the complementary species for Vietnam, while the middle and upstream of the rivers may offer a high potential of biodiversity, with many possibly new species for science. These are important data for the conservation and sustainable development of fish resources in the Ba Che and Tien Yen river basins.
Heterologous phytase expression in the food filamentous fungus  Aspergillus oryzae using the added rice husk cultivation model
Authors: Dung Thai Hanh , Tuan Tran Van
Published: June 2020

Aspergillus oryzae, a safe filamentous fungus, is widely used in food and enzyme production. In this study, we examined a cultivation model using rice husks as carrier to assess the capacity of recombinant protein production in A. oryzae. The model was first tested with the A. oryzae strain expressing the DsRed reporter gene. Expression of DsRed was easily detected by the pink color of the fungal mycelium on culture media and under a fluorescence microscope. The model was then evaluated with the phyA gene encoding a phytase from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The phyA expression cassette regulated by the amyB promoter was permanently integrated into the genome of A. oryzae via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with the pyrG nutritional marker. Results showed that A. oryzae transgenic strains carrying 2−3 copies of the phyA gene in their genomes exhibited a significant increase in phytase activity on agar medium supplemented with phytate. With rice husks added, these transgenic strains could secrete the recombinant phytase into the culture and phytase activity of the crude enzyme solution increased by 4.3 times compared to the unstransgenic A. oryzae. The established cultivation model and the transgenic approach in this study represent a potential for being used in production of secreted recombinant enzymes for animal feeds.
Existence Solution for Nonlinear System of Fractional Integrodifferential Equations of Volterra Type with Fractional Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ishak Faraj Y.
Published: June 2020

This article investigates existence, uniqueness and stability solutions of new fractional Volterra integro-differential equations system with fractional boundary conditions by using the existence and uniqueness theorem. Theorems on existence and uniqueness of solution are established under some necessary and sufficient conditions on compact space. A simple example of application of the main results of this article is presented.
Identification COVID-19 Cases in Indonesia with The Double Exponential Smoothing Method
Authors: Harini Sri
Published: June 2020

The time-series approach is a method used to analyze a series of data in a time sequence to estimate the value of a series in the future. This article will identification the COVID-19 case model in Indonesia using the Double Exponential Smoothing Method. The Double Exponential Smoothing method is one method that can be used to optimize the estimation of the ARIMA model with smoothing parameters α. The data used is sourced from the National Disaster Management Agency which was released starting March 2, 2020. Based on the results of PACF, ACF, and estimated parameters of the ARIMA model in the Covid-19 case in Indonesia following the ARIMA model (0,1,1).
Effect of Al on the growth and nutrients uptake of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.)
Authors: ZENG Qilong , JIANG Yanqin , DONG Gangqiang , WEI Jiguang , JIANG Jiafeng , TIAN Liangliang , YU Hong
Published: June 2020

Aluminum (Al) is the major factor limiting plant growth on acidic soils. Blueberry (Vaccinum spp.) is an acidophilic plant. Highbush blueberry and rabbiteye blueberry are the main commercially cultivated species, while the response of which to Al is still unclear. Therefore, hydroponic experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Al (0 and 100 μmol L−1) on the growth and nutrient uptake of highbush blueberry ‘Brigitta’ and rabbiteye blueberry ‘Brightwell’. The results showed that root biomass, root length per fresh weight, root activity and foliar nitrogen (N) concentration of ‘Brigitta’ were significantly decreased by Al, while root lipid peroxidation was increased by Al. In contrast, the biomass and root activity of ‘Brightwell’ were not affected by Al treatment, root lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased, root length and surface area per fresh weight were increased compared with the control, which was benefic for nutrients absorption. In fact, foliar N concentration of ‘Brightwell’ was increased in Al treatments. However, fewer Al was accumulated in leaves of ‘Brightwell’ compared to ‘Brigitta’. Therefore, it could be concluded that growth and nutrients uptake of ‘Brightwell’ was not negative affected by Al, which meant ‘Brightwell’ was resistant to Al, compared to ‘Brigitta’.
Effect of conventional and organic fertilizers on volatile compounds of raspberry fruit
Authors: ESTRADA-BELTRAN Aztrid , SALAS-SALAZAR Nora  A. , PARRA-QUEZADA Rafael A. , GONZALEZ-FRANCO Ana C. , SOTO-CABALLERO Mayra C. , RODRIGUEZ-ROQUE Maria J. , FLORES-CORDOVA Maria A. , CHAVEZ-MARTINEZ America
Published: June 2020

Raspberries are widely consumed; the taste of the fruit is determined by the interaction between sugars, organic acids and a set of volatile compounds. Meanwhile, organic agriculture has developed rapidly as an alternative to conventional system and has been driven by the demand for pesticide-free food that brings greater benefits to human health. However, this system can alter the integral quality of the fruit, including the aroma, which has been little studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of organic and conventional fertilizers, in the presence of volatile compounds synthesized in the cv. ‘Heritage’ raspberry, during two crop cycles. The qualitative profile of volatile compounds was analysed by mass gas chromatography, obtaining as a result that fertilization treatments significantly affected the emission of volatile compounds in the most abundant functional group (C13 norisoprenoids) 48.5 vs. 25.8% and 56.9 vs. 29.1% in conventional and organic, in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The crop cycle affected the concentration of aldehydes (11.2 vs. 30.6% in organic, in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Impact compounds such as α-ionone (13.92 vs. 9.08% and 25.34 vs. 9.17% in conventional and organic in 2017 and 2018, respectively) and β-ionone (24.93 vs. 14.10% and 22.66 vs. 15.94% in conventional and organic in 2017 and 2018, respectively), presented greater abundance in conventional fertilization (p ≤ 0.05). Since there were changes in the volatile compounds, it is recommended to study whether the consumer perceives these changes.
The molecular characterization of the coat protein sequence and differentiation of CMV- subgroup I on tobacco from native flora in Turkey
Authors: USTA Mustafa , GÜLLER Abdullah , GÜNAY Abidin
Published: June 2020

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has a broad plant-host range and a wide ecological zone distribution. Virus-like symptoms were observed on tobacco fields of Adiyaman province (Turkey) showing conspicuous mottling, greenish mosaic patterns and severe malformations of leaves. A total of forty tobacco samples tested positive against CMV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using coat protein gene specific primers. Five randomly chosen CMV isolates were cloned into pGEM T-Easy vector and transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 strain. The recombinant bacterial clones containing insert-DNA were further purified and sequenced bidirectionally. In multiplex-RT-PCR studies carried out, it was found that all 40 CMV isolates belong to Subgroup I by resulting a 593 bp long DNA fragments. CMV subgroup IA was found to predominate in 4 out of 5 tobacco samples and CMV subgroup IB was found in 1 out of 5 CMV-positive samples by comparing the isolates with CMV reference isolates in phylogenetic tree. However, no Subgroup II sequences were found by multiplex RT-PCR using discriminating primers. The nucleic acid sequences were analyzed for the investigation of diversity of coat protein (CP) sequences of 5 CMV isolates. The sequence similarity ranged from 94.2-100% with the CMV subgroup I isolates infecting diverse plants in other regions of the world. The evolutionary tree revealed that the CMV IA Adiyaman isolates exhibited a genetic affinity with Australian and Spanish isolates. However, the CMV IB Adiyaman isolate showed a close genetic relationship with only the Australian isolates. To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time the occurrence of CMV IA and IB isolates infecting cultured tobacco plants in Adiyaman province.
Productivity differences between southern and northern slopes of Southern Carpathians (Romania) for Norway spruce, silver fir, birch and black alder
Authors: DINCĂ Lucian , MURARIU Gabriel , ENESCU Cristian M. , ACHIM Florin , GEORGESCU Lucian , MURARIU Adrian , TIMIȘ-GÂNSAC Voichița , HOLONEC Liviu
Published: June 2020

Forest vegetation across Southern Carpathians is distributed in altitudinal layers. The aim of this study was to highlight the productivity differences between the Southern and Northern slopes of the Southern Carpathians for Norway spruce, silver fir, birch and black alder. Data from 45 forest management plans (46.329 stands from the Southern slopes and 32.787 stands from the Northern slopes) were used. For each stand, the mean diameter, mean height, age, standing volume, current volume increment and production class were assessed. Elementary statistical methods were used to identify the factors influencing productivity. Significant differences between the Southern and Northern slopes were recorded for silver fir. The volume and the current volume increment were higher on the Northern slopes. In the case of birch and black alder, the same two parameters recorded higher values on the Southern slopes. As regards Norway spruce, insignificant differences were recorded between the two slopes. The correlation between structure type and stand volume was positive and statistically significant in the case of Norway spruce, silver fir and birch, but it was negative in the case of alder. Analysing the correlation between stand volume and the main stand characteristics also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between age and stand volume for all analysed species. The results of this study are especially interested for the forest managers and forest owners whose aim is to obtain a higher productivity for the studied species.
The phytochemical and morphological diversity analysis of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. populations in South of Iran
Authors: ZANDIFAR Kourosh , NAGHID BADI Hassanali , MEHRAFARIN Ali , NOHOOJI Majid G.
Published: June 2020

Ziziphus nummularia is a multipurpose and tropical tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial, and economic values. This tree, which belongs to the Rhamnaceae family, is originated from the South of Asia and North of Africa. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and morphological diversity of 20 wild populations collected from different Southern regions of Iran. Statistical significant difference ranges between population were found in respect to saponin of the leaf (2.2-5.4 mg/g) and fruit (1.2-3.2 mg/g), phenol of the leaf (0.7-2.9 mg/g) and fruit (0.03-0.4 mg/g), tannin of the leaf (0.8-3.5 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-1.7 mg/g), and flavonoid of the leaf (3.3-4.3 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-2.4 mg/g). A factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components (PC1-PC3) explain 79.04% of total variations. The first component (PC1) is explained by the most important traits of the PCA coefficient such as the leaf saponin, width of the end leaf, fruit saponin, length of the end leaf, leaf length and width, and leaf phenol with 42% of the total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. In general, the Izeh Tarakab population had the highest content of leaf and fruit saponin. The content of leaf and fruit saponin as the major secondary metabolite could be a good determinant for detecting diversity in the wild population of Z. nummularia.
Cultivar and year effects on the chemical composition of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) fruits
Authors: CSORBA Virág , TÓTH Magdolna , LÁSZLÓ Anna M. , KARDOS Levente , KOVÁCS Szilvia
Published: June 2020

Due to their outstanding anthocyanin content, elderberries are mainly used in the food industry to produce pigment concentrations. Thanks to the increase in demand, elderberry is grown on ever greater areas in Hungary and in neighbouring countries. Cultivar use, however, is very one-sided, being practically restricted to ‘Haschberg’. As this cultivar has many negative properties, growers have begun to plant and test new cultivars. When determining the commodity value of cultivars, it is important to examine not only the physical traits of the fruit, but also their main chemical parameters. In the present experiment the chemical properties (soluble solids and titratable acid content, total polyphenol and anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity) of the fruit of 11 elderberry cultivars (‘Haidegg 13’, ‘Haidegg 17’, ‘Haschberg’, K3, ‘Korsör’, ‘Samdal’, ‘Samidan’, ‘Samocco’, ‘Sampo’, ‘Samyl’, ‘Weihenstephan’) were analysed in three consecutive years. In addition to the comparative evaluation of the cultivars, this work also aimed to discover correlations between the components and to study the effect of the year on the chemical composition of the fruit. Significant differences were found between the cultivars for the soluble solids content (F(10;8.74)=9.71; p=0.001), the titratable acid content (F(10;22)=7.91; p<0.001), the polyphenol content (F(10;22)=9.77; p<0.001), the anthocyanin content (F(10;8.52)=36.18; p<0.001) and the antioxidant capacity (F(10;22)=3.61; p=0.006). A year effect was proved for the water-soluble solids content (F(2;30)=4.02; p=0.028) and the antioxidant capacity (F(2;30)=5.21; p=0.011). Among the chemical properties, a significant positive linear correlation was only detected between the polyphenol and anthocyanin contents (r=0.91; p<0.001). Among the cultivars, ‘Sampo’, ‘Samidan’ and ‘Weihenstephan’ exhibited outstanding polyphenol and anthocyanin contents. The soluble solids content and antioxidant capacity of ‘Haidegg 17’ were also promising.
Fertilization expression via nitrogen indices in soybean crop under two system tillage
Authors: KAKABOUKI Ioanna , FOLINA Antigolena , ZISI Charikleia , KARYDOGIANNI Stella
Published: June 2020

Soybean (Glycine max L.) constitutes a crop that is currently of interest both for its nutritional properties in humans and animals and for its contribution to soil nitrogen. It belongs to legumes, that means that it can take N2 and channel it to the soil, to be assimilable from plants. In addition, its high oil and protein content makes it important because of its nutritional properties. Moreover, soybean is a crop that has a major impact on nitrogen indicators. In this study, set up two same experiments in 2018-2019, in Western Greece. There were identified the effects of different fertilizer application (Control, N80, N100, N120), and different tillage (conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT)), on soil (organic matter, root density, no nodules/soil) and in agronomic (LAI, height, N% in upper parts, Yield, N% in seeds, N uptake in upper parts, N uptake in seed, N total uptake) characteristics. As well as in nitrogen indicators (nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, effects of absorption, effects of uptake). Soil properties were affected mainly by the tillage. However agronomic characteristics presented more differences between the different fertilizer application and finally the indicators were affected on both the parameters.
Modulating effect of EDTA and SDS on growth, biochemical parameters and antioxidant defense system of Dahlia variabilis grown under cadmium and lead-induced stress
Authors: ALZAHRANI Yahya , ALHARBY Hesham F. , HAKEEM Khalid R. , ALSAMADANY Hameed
Published: June 2020

The present study investigated the influence of inorganic amendments viz., SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in enhancing metal tolerance in plants. Seedlings of an important ornamental plant, Dahlia variabilis Cav. were grown under cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) stress. 30-days old seedlings were transferred to pots containing sterilized sand and supplemented with Hoagland’s medium. After 15 days of transplanting, four treatments (0, 10, 25, and 100 mg kg-1) of Cd and four treatments of Pb (0, 100, 500 and 5000 mg kg-1) were used with or without application of 2.0 mM SDS and 2.5 mM EDTA, separately and in combination. Seedlings were further grown for 60 days in culture media. Results revealed that both Cd and Pb significantly reduced plant growth, pigment content, and relative water content. Antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) along with protein and total soluble sugar contents showed a declining trend with an increase in Cd and Pb concentrations applied. The Cd and Pb treatment enhanced the production rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as depicted by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in leaf. Inorganic amendments viz., EDTA+SDS applied either alone or in combination significantly alleviated Cd and Pb-induced toxic effects. However, a combination of EDTA+SDS showed significant results than used separately. These results revealed that the application of inorganic amendments in combination can enhance the phytoextraction capacity of the species studied. However, the effects of various amendments vary with the nature of the inorganic compound. The study suggests that the application of EDTA and SDS could be a useful strategy for enhancing the phytoextraction capability of Dahlia variabilis to remove Cd and Pb from contaminated soils.
Natural phytoplasma infections on fruit, vegetable and weed plants at the same agroecosystem and their molecular properties
Authors: OKSAL Hatice D.
Published: June 2020

The phytoplasma associated diseases are an emerging threat to fruit and vegetable crops leading severe yield losses worldwide. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees, with symptoms of severe reddening, dwarfing and shoot proliferation were observed in pear orchards of Malatya province of Turkey. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown nearby the symptomatic pear orchard displaying leaf rolling, severe flower sterility and purple leaves were observed at the same agroecosystem. To verify the presence and diversity of phytoplasmas, symptomatic pears and tomatoes were sampled and weeds nearby the symptomatic plants were collected. Total plant DNA was purified from midrib of collected leaves using a commercial kit. The DNA samples were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primer pairs to amplify 16S rDNA fragments. The phytoplasmas detected in collected samples were differed according to the host. Here we detected and characterized ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ belonging to apple proliferation group (subgroup 16SrX-C) from a pear tree, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ belonging to clover proliferation group (subgroup 16SrVI-A) from a weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ belonging to the stolbur phytoplasma group (subgroup 16SrXII-A) from a tomato plant. Direct sequencing of PCR products verified the phytoplasmal nature of the infections. The occurrence of ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ on A. retroflexus is the first report for the world. The irregular presence of the phytoplasmas in fruit and vegetable crops and weeds indicates continuous spread of the phytoplasmas threatening the new crops and new horizons.
The developmental and metabolic effects of different magnesium dozes in pepper plants under salt stress
Authors: SEVGIN ZIREK Neslihan , UZAL Ozlem
Published: June 2020

Morphological and biochemical effects of different magnesium (Mg) doses on pepper plants under salt stress were investigated in this study. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions of a climate cabin at 25 oC temperature, 70% relative humidity and 16/8 hours light/dark photoperiod. The developmental and metabolic effects of different magnesium doses in plants under salt stress were investigated by examining leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and chlorophyll contents. Seedlings of ‘Demre’ pepper cultivar (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘Demre’) were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 100 mM NaCl to generate salt stress. Besides salt treatments, different Mg doses (Mg 1 = 24.64 ppm, Mg 2 = 49.28 ppm, Mg 3 = 73.92 ppm, Mg 4 = 98.56 ppm, Mg 5 = 123.20 ppm) were applied to plants. On the 20th day of salt treatments, the total weight of the plants which is one of the growths and development parameters of pepper plants was measured, and plant samples were taken for analyses. A slight increase was observed in total weights of salt-treated plants with increasing Mg doses. The greatest plant weight was obtained from Mg 4 + salt treatments. It was observed that increasing Mg doses had positive effects on the development of plants under salt stress. Chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzymes activities increased and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, the product of lipid peroxidation, which indicates the amount of damage to plant cells, decreased with increasing Mg doses. Present measurements and analyses and resultant findings revealed that Mg treatments at increasing doses partially alleviated negative effects of salt stress on pepper seedlings.
Comparative analysis of energy input-outputs of different tillage methods in second crop corn production
Authors: SAGLAM Ramazan , SEVEN Leyla , KUP Ferhat
Published: June 2020

In this study, conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) methods energy input-output analysis during second crop corn production have been carried out. The trials were performed between 2015-2016 in Ceylanpinar Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises Karatas region, Turkey. The findings showed that among tillage methods, the least energy input was ZT (23724.15 MJ ha-1), and the most energy output was CT (138510 MJ ha-1). In energy productivity, the highest value was on ZT (5.54). The highest value in corn yield was found in CT method with 9500 kg ha-1. This is followed by ZT (9100 kg ha-1) and RT (8750 kg ha-1), respectively. As a result, although CT can be preferred due to its high yield, it has been observed that ZT and RT tillage methods should be supported especially due to its ecological and high energy productivity.
Leaf growth traits and photosynthetic pigments of maize as influenced by water deficit stress
Authors: ANJORIN Folake B.
Published: June 2020

Glasshouse study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of water deficit stress (WDS) on leaf growth and photosynthetic pigments of four maize varieties at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. Seeds from ‘TZPBSR-W’, ‘ILE1OB’, ‘ART98SW6OB’ and ‘DTESYNSTR’ maize varieties were sown in sixty-four pots in a 4 x 4 factorial CR Design(r=4). The WDS treatments include 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacities (FC). Data were taken weekly on specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LWT) and crop growth rate. At four weeks of WDS, extracts were obtained from 0.2 g cut leaf sample using 96% (v/v) ethanol. Light absorbance of the ethanolic leaf extract (cholorophyll-a (665 nm), chlorophyll-b (649 nm), total chlorophyll and the carotenoids (440 nm)) were read using spectrophotometer. From the results, WDS significantly reduced SLW, LWT, LA and CGR (p<0.001). The SLW ranged from 0.027±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.034±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘DTESYNSTR’), while the LA ranged from 269.7±25.4 (cm2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 220.9±20.9 (cm2) (‘ILE1OB’). Water deficit stress significantly reduced chlorophyll-b (p<0.01), chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll (p<0.001) and the carotenoid (p<0.05). Chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.038±0.0 mg/g (‘DTESYNSTR’) to 0.050±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), chlorophyll-b ranged from 0.021 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.040 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), total chlorophyll ranged from 0.063±0.0 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.093±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), while the carotenoid ranged from 0.084±0.08 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.115±0.09 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’). The WDS and Variety interaction on photosynthetic pigments were significant (p<0.05). The Leaf growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and over all crop growth in maize are impaired when subjected to water deficit stress.
Chinese onion, and shallot, originated in Asia, medicinal plants for healthy daily recipes
Authors: SHAHRAJABIAN Mohamad H. , SUN Wenli , CHENG Qi
Published: June 2020

Shallot is an important part of diet of many populations and there is long-held belief in their health enhancing properties. Shallots, like onions, are a member of the Allium family, but their flavor is richer, sweeter, yet more potent. The most important benefits of shallots are high source of antioxidants, improve heart health, cancer prevention, diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, might help fight obesity, and help to prevent or treat allergies. Shallots are a rich source of flavonoid antioxidants such as quercetin and kaempferol. They contain sulfur antioxidant compounds such as diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and allyl propyl disulfide. Shallots hole proportionately more concentration of vitamins and minerals than in onions, especially vitamin-A, pyridoxine, folates, thiamin, vitamin-C etc. Chinese onion has very complex nutritional composition and holds the better characteristics for its potential development as a food ingredient, source of antioxidant; it contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, particularly flavonols and anthocyanin, phytosterols and saponins. It is also one of the most important medicinal plant in Eastern Asia. It contains many vitamins and minerals and it is rich in sulphur amino acids. Chinese onion was found to possess a panoply of bioactive compounds and numerous pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive and immune-protective effects.
Effect of municipal wastewater irrigation and well water on plant and soil characteristics
Authors: DANESHVAR Mashallah , FATTAHI Farhad , RAHMANI Hamid R. , MODARRES SANAVY Seyed A. M. , SAMI Masoud
Published: June 2020

In order to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on forage yield, nutrient elements and heavy metals in corn plants (Zea maize, 704 single cross), a field experiment was conducted in RCBD with three treatments in four replications in 2017. Irrigation with well water as first treatment, irrigation with wastewater as second treatment and irrigation with well water and wastewater was alternately applied as a third treatment. The results showed that the highest amount of forage corn yield, stalk and ear dry weight, plant height and leaf number and spade index were obtained in irrigation with wastewater. The highest nitrogen content of leaf and stalk and corn grain was obtained in irrigation with wastewater treatment and the least amount in irrigation with well water treatment was obtained. The amount of phosphorus and potassium measured in leaf and stalk of corn in all three treatments were not significantly different. Also, the highest amount of iron and zinc in leaf and stalk of corn was obtained in irrigation with wastewater treatment. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals including lead, cadmium and nickel in soils were not significantly different in all three treatments. According to the results, the use of urban wastewater not only does not cause soil and plant pollution to heavy elements, but also increases plant yield and nutrition.
Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisinde Psikolojik Sermayenin Aracılık Rolü
Authors: ASLAN Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

Örgütsel verimlilik açısından çalışanların iş tatmin düzeylerinin yükseltilmesinde en önemli faktör olarak algılanan örgütsel destek ve psikolojik sermaye kavramları öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da algılanan örgütsel desteğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sermayenin aracı rolünün olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Gaziantep ilinde 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerde çalışan 267 çalışandan anket aracılığıyla ile veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon, güvenirlilik analizleri yapılmış ve yapısal eşitlik modeli ile modelin uyum iyiliği testleri ve regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Aracılık rolünü test edebilmek için ise dolaylı etkilerin anlamlılığına bakılmış ve bunun için boostrap yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz neticesinde psikolojik sermayenin algılanan örgütsel destek ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Afet ve Acil Durum Lojistiği Kapsamında Acil Durum Toplanma Merkezi Seçiminde AHP Yöntemi: Kahramanmaraş On İki Şubat Belediyesinde Bir Uygulama
Authors: ŞEKKELİ Zümrüt Hatice
Published: June 2020

Çalışmada afet ve acil durum lojistiği kapsamında, Kahramanmaraş ili Onikişubat ilçesindeki en ideal “acil durum toplanma merkezinin” belirlenmesi problemi ele alınmıştır. Çok sayıda alternatifin arasında en uygun acil durum toplanma merkezinin belirlenmesi amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bir bilimsel karar verme sürecinde, kriterlerin belirlenmesi ve istenilene en uygun olanının seçilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP), çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri içinde ana ve alt kriter ağırlıklarının hesaplanması ile ilgili sunduğu avantajlardan dolayı en sık kullanılan tekniklerden biri olmaktadır. Modelin ölçütleri ve hiyerarşik yapısı literatürde yer alan konu ile ilgili çalışmalar ve konusunda uzman kişilerin görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Hiyerarşi, dört ana kriter, on dört alt kriter ve üç farklı alternatiften oluşmaktadır. İkili karşılaştırma matrisleri oluşturulurken konusunda uzman dört kişiden bilgi alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, en uygun toplanma yeri seçimi ile ilgili öneride bulunmuştur.
Tam Öğrenme Yaklaşımı
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Etem
Published: June 2020

Öğrenmenin nasıl olduğunu, hangi şartlar altında ve hangi faktörlerin etkilediğini ortaya koyan birçok öğrenme yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi de “Tam Öğrenme Yaklaşımı”dır. Bu yaklaşım, öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde rol oynayan ögeleri ve öğrencilerin öğrenme düzeyini, belirlenen ölçüte ulaştıracak şekilde sistemli olarak bir araya getirmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, değişmeye dirençli değişkenlerden (zekâ, genel yetenek, ailenin soyo-ekonomik statüsü, öğretmenlerin kişilik özellikleri vb.) ziyade, öğrencinin bilişsel ve duyuşsal giriş özellikleri ile öğretim hizmetinin niteliği gibi değiştirilebilir değişkenler üzerinde daha fazla durmaktadır. Tam öğrenme, okuldaki beklenen başarıyı yaklaşık %80-90 düzeyine çıkarmayı hedefleyen bir yaklaşımdır. Ülkemizin de içerisinde yer aldığı eğitim sistemlerini etkileyen yaklaşımlardan biri olmasına rağmen bir kaynak dışında ilgili yaklaşıma, öğretmen yetiştirmeyle ilgili olan ve içeriğinde yer alması öngörülen birçok ders kitabında yer verilmediği, yer verilen kaynakların genelinde ise yaklaşımın bir bütün olarak ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, kaynaklarda tam öğrenme yaklaşımıyla ilgili bilgileri bir bütünlük içerisinde ve el kitapçığı mahiyetinde alanyazına sunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada tam öğrenme yaklaşımının tarihsel gelişim sürecine ve genel özelliklerine değinildikten sonra ilgili yaklaşımın temel ögelerine yer verilmiştir. Tam öğrenme yaklaşımının öğrenci nitelikleri ögesini; dil, anlama, yazma, sayısal becerileri içeren genel ve özel bilişsel giriş davranışları ile konuya, derse, okula ve akademik öz kavramına ilişkin tutum, ilgi ve akademik benliği içeren duyuşsal giriş özellikleri oluşturmaktadır. Öğretim ögesini; öğrenme ünitesi ile ipucu, pekiştirme, katılım, dönüt ve düzeltmeyi içerin öğretim hizmetinin niteliği oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenme ürünleri ögesini derse, okula, akademik öze ve ruh sağlığına ilişkin duyuşsal ürünler ile öğrenme düzeyi, çeşidi ve hızıyla ilgili ürünler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, tam öğrenme yaklaşımının üstün ve sınırlı yönlerine değinilmiştir.
Bir Dönüşüm: Cahiliye Yağmacılığından Bedir Gazvesi Ganimetlerine
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mehmet Nadir
Published: June 2020

Çalışmada Cahiliye döneminden İslâm dönemine geçişte ganimet almanın meşruiyeti, biçimi ve sonuçları ele alınmıştır. İslâm öncesinde önemli bir gelir kaynağı olan yağma savaşlarının sonucunda bedevi Araplar, kabilenin hem her türlü malını hem de kadınlarını ve çocuklarını ele geçirirlerdi. İslâm’ın gelişinden sonra ilk ganimete konu olan askeri eylem, Abdullah b. Cahş Seriyyesidir. İstenmedik bir biçimde ölümlü bir eyleme dönüşen bu seriyye ganimetin meşruiyetinin Müslümanlarca sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. Ganimet konusunda henüz bir âyetin gelmediği bu günlerde Hz. Peygamber’in izni dışındaki bu eylemi hoş karşılamamış ve müfrezenin getirdiği ganimetleri kimseye paylaştırmamıştır. Ertesi yıl cereyan eden Bedir gazvesinin ardından nâzil olan âyetler ganimetin meşruiyetini de beyan etmiş ve Hz. Peygamber hem Abdullah b. Cahş Seriyyesi’nin hem de Bedir ganimetlerini taksim ettiler. Hz. Peygamber’in savaşlarında savaşmak zorunda kaldığında savaştığı için ganimet amaç olmayıp, araç olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece Müslümanlar yeni gazveler için imkan bulmuşlardır.
The application of clash-detection processes in building information modelling for rebars
Authors: Chidambaram Saminathan
Published: June 2020

Building information modelling (BIM) is the key component in a digital revolution that is modernising the construction industry across the globe. This paper discusses the issues around rebar clashes in construction projects. Clash detection is an integral part of the BIM process. However, it is often overlooked in relation to reinforcing bars because this work often happens on-site. The underutilisation of a BIM-based rebar clash analysis can cause greater inefficiencies on the building site. The first part of this paper provides general information about these clashes and their categorisation and probable causes. The second part discusses the benefits of performing BIM-based clash detection on rebar. These benefits are evidenced by a practical example. The third part of this paper focuses on processing the clash-detection results to deliver BIM models without rebar clashes. This is achieved with a simple formula that has been adopted to quantify the efficiency of traditional and BIM-based clash-detection processes on rebar. Finally, the focus shifts onto how the results of these BIM model analysis can be communicated to the construction team for effective implementation at the project site.
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yaprağı yenen sebzelerde görülen zararlı ve faydalı böcek türlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Alaserhat İsmail , Canbay Adnan , Alıcı Harun
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, 2015-2016 yıllarında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Bayburt, Erzincan, Erzurum ve Gümüşhane illerinde yaprağı yenen sebzelerin yetiştirildiği alanlarda zararlı ve faydalı böcek türlerini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla sürveyler basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre, ekiliş alanlarının en az %10’unu kapsayacak şekilde 2-4 haftalık periyotlarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde toplanan örnekler laboratuvara getirilip stereo mikroskop altında incelenmiş, bitkilerde bulunan böcekler sayılarak kaydedilmiş ve yoğunlukları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Aphididae, Chrysomelidae familyalarına ait zararlı türler ile Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae ve Braconidae familyalarına ait faydalı türler ve bu türlerin bitki başına yoğunlukları belirlenmiştir.
Reactions of some common bean cultivars grown in Turkey against some isolates of angular leaf spot disease, caused by Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun
Authors: Canpolat Sirel , Maden Salih
Published: June 2020

Vegetable bean production as mid-season crops in greenhouses has increased in two provinces, Bartın and Zonguldak, in the Western Black Sea region. Green bean is sown in about half of the total area of 510.000 da in this region. Angular leaf spot disease caused by Pseudocercospora griseola has been a serious disease for the last five years and it is so widespread in the region, showing almost 100% incidence. Since the beans are used for fresh consumption and are harvested continuously, fungicide use is restricted due to unwanted residues. Because of the farmers in the region widely use two local cultivars susceptible to the disease, providing resistant cultivars for farmers was the aim of this study. Although the causal agent has great pathogenic variation, determination of pathotypes of the P. griseola was not succeed since the three of the differential cultivars did not produced seed in two tested regions of Turkey. For this reason seventeen common bean cultivars in Turkey were selected and their reactions against ten randomly selected the most aggressive isolates of P. griseola were used for screening resistance. Two bush type bean cultivars, Bourgondia and Yalova 17, out of nine showed resistant reaction against all of ten isolates while three climbing types, Fabio, Burayşe and Selvi, out of eight were found resistant against all of the isolates of P. griseola. All of these resistant cultivars have good culinary characteristics.
Türkiye’nin güneyinde asmada Botryosphaeria geriye ölüm hastalığına neden olan fungusların filogenetik ayrımı ve patojenisiteleri
Authors: Akgül Davut Soner , Özarslandan Mümine , Erkılıç Ali
Published: June 2020

Türkiye’deki bağlarda Botryosphaeriaceae funguslarıyla ilişkili asma gövde hastalıkları oldukça yaygın ve önemli hastalıklardandır. Dünya genelinde şimdiye kadar bu familyadan 24 türün Botryosphaeria geriye ölüm hastalığına neden olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2015-2018 yılları arasında Adana, Mersin, Kahramanmaraş ve Gaziantep illerindeki simptomatik asmalarda Botryosphaeriaceae izolatlarını filogenetik olarak ayırt etmek ve izolatların patojenisitelerini belirlemektir. 18 bağa ait simptomatik asma örneklerinden standart mikolojik izolasyon prosedürleri ile 22 Botryosphaeriaceae kültürü izole edilmiştir. İzolatların moleküler tanısında ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) ve TEF (Translation Elongation Factor 1-α) gen bölgeleri PCR ile çoğaltılmış ve bu gen bölgelerindeki nükleotid dizileri elde edilmiştir. Gen dizileri BLASTn programı kullanarak NCBI Gen Bankası’nda bulunan dizilerle karşılaştırılmış ve benzerlik oranlarına göre ön tanı yapılmıştır. MEGA 7 yazılımı kullanarak ITS ve TEF dizileri hizalanmış ve kombine bir filogenetik ağaç çizilmiştir. BLASTn ve filogenetik analizlerden sonra 7 farklı Botryosphaeriaceae türü (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. pseudoteobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. vitifusiforme, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae) tanılanmış ve bunların patojenisiteleri sera koşullarında, 2 ay süreyle, 1 yaşındaki asma fidanları (Vitis vinifera L. Cardinal) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Lezyonların oluşumuna göre, lezyon uzunluklarını ölçerek, bu izolatların patojenisiteleri doğrulanmış ve virülenslik seviyelerinin istatistiksel ayrımı için varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Asma fidanları üzerinde 2 aylık sürede, en virülent tür N. parvum 38.0-45.3 mm’lik lezyonlar oluştururken, virülensliği en düşük bulunan D. seriata ise 17.6-20.0 mm’lik lezyonlar meydana getirmiştir.
Adult population fluctuations and damage ratio of Pandemis cerasana (Hübner, 1786) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cherry orchards
Authors: Özdem Ayşe , Özdemir Mustafa , Bozkurt Vildan
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out in the cherry orchards of Afyonkarahisar province in order to determine the population fluctuation of Pandemis cerasana (Hübner, 1786) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the damage rate in bouquets and fruits. The larvae of P. cerasana damage the buds, flowers, leaves and fruits of the cherry tree. In this study, adult population fluctuation of P cerasana and the damage rate were determined in five different cherry orchards in Afyonkarahisar province. The first adult emergence in cherry orchards took place in the third week of May in 2007 and 2008 and the adult population peaked twice. The end of the adult flights differed according to years and cherry orchards and took place between August - October. Similarly, the damage rate of P.cerasana in bouquets and fruits changed according to years and cherry orchards. The damage rate in the bouquet varied between 15.40 % to 56.30% and the damage rate in the fruit varied between 2.80% to 9.80% in 2007 and the damage rate in the bouquet varied between 13.70 - 54.00% and the damage rate in the fruit ranged between 2.00% and 8.10% in 2008. According to the statistical evaluation, the difference between years was not found significant with regard to the damage rate. However, the difference between the orchards in terms of the damage rate was found significant.
1766 Tarihli Bir Hamam Defterine Göre İstanbul Vakıf Hamamları
Authors: YAŞAR Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Bu makale, Osmanlı İstanbulu’nda 1180/1766 tarihinde mevcut vakıf hamamlarına ilişkin oluşturulmuş bir hamam yoklama defterini incelemektedir. Bu defter İstanbul’da mevcut 195 hamamı, yerleri, bağlı bulundukları vakıfları, kira gelirleri, gedik sahipleri ve kiracıları ile kayıt altına almaktadır. Defterde yer alan sayısal ve mekânsal veriler ışığında, bu çalışma 18. yüzyıl ortalarında Osmanlı İstanbulu hamamlarının kapsamlı bir mekânsal dağılımını yapmayı, hamamların özel mülk ya da vakıf olduğunu tespit etmeyi, gedik sahipleri ve müstecirlerinin sosyal profilini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, İstanbul hamamlarına dair şimdiye kadar bilinen en kapsamlı hamam tahririnin transkripsiyonunu vermektedir.
Ölüm Nedenlerine Göre K-Ortalamalar Yöntemi İle Ülkelerin Kümelenmesi
Authors: GÜRLER Cem , ÇAĞLAR Mehmet , ÖNAY Onur
Published: June 2020

Ölüm nedenleri, ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve İnsani Gelişme Düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan ölçütlerden birisidir. Ülkeler, ölüm nedenlerine bağlı olarak sağlık politikaları geliştirmektedirler. Ölüm oranları ve ölüm nedenleri Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından ülkeler için gelişmişlik göstergeleri arasında kabul edilirken, toplum sağlığının iyileştirilmesi de küresel ölçekte bir hedef olarak gösterilmektedir. Sağlık Ölçümleri ve Değerlendirme Enstitüsü (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) verilerine göre 2015 yılında 54.15 milyon ölüm meydana gelmiş ve bu ölümlerin %71’i bulaşıcı olmayan hastalık, %20’si bulaşıcı hastalıklar, yeni doğan ve beslenme hastalıkları, kalan %9’u ise yaralanmalardan kaynaklanmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada, farklı ülkelerdeki kişilerin çeşitli ölüm nedenleri dikkate alınarak ülkelerin gruplandırılması ve ölüm nedenleri ile ülkelerin İnsani Gelişme Düzeyi arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analizde; 168 ülke ve bu ülkelerin ölüm nedenlerini gösteren 28 farklı değişkenin 2015 yılı verileri kullanılmıştır. Ülkelerin ölüm nedenlerine göre gruplanması amacıyla k-ortalamalar yöntemi kullanılmış olup, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün hastalık, yaralanma ve ölüm nedenlerini sınıflandırmasından faydalanılarak 4 farklı model kurulmuştur. Kümeleme analizinden sonra ülkelerin İnsani Gelişme Düzeylerine göre hangi kümede yer aldıkları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ölüm nedenleri ile ülkelerin İnsani Gelişme Düzeyi arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı da araştırılmıştır.