bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Stature is Progressive in Patients with Heterozygous NPR2 Mutations
Authors: Hanley Patrick C , Kanwar Harsh S , Martineau Corine , Levine Michael A
Published: July 2020

Background

NPR2 encodes atrial natriuretic peptide receptor B (ANPRB), a regulator of skeletal growth. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NPR2 result in acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type (AMDM; OMIM 602875), while heterozygous mutations may account for 2% to 6% of idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Objective

Describe the physical proportions and growth characteristics of an extended family with novel NPR2 mutations including members with AMDM, ISS, or normal stature.

Design and Participants

We performed whole exome sequencing in 2 healthy parents and 2 children with AMDM. Detailed genotyping and phenotyping were performed on members of a multigenerational family in an academic medical center. We expressed mutant proteins in mammalian cells and characterized expression and function.

Results

The sisters with AMDM were compound heterozygotes for missense mutations in the NPR2 gene, a novel p.P93S (maternal) and the previously reported p.R989L (paternal). Both mutant ANPRB proteins were normally expressed in HEK293T cells and exhibited dominant negative effects on wild-type ANPRB catalytic activity. Heterozygous relatives had proportionate short stature (height z-scores −2.06 ± 0.97, median ± SD) compared with their wild-type siblings (−1.37 ± 0.59). Height z-scores progressively and significantly decreased as NPR2-heterozygous children matured, while remaining constant in their wild-type siblings.

Conclusions

Biallelic NPR2 mutations cause severe skeletal dysplasia (AMDM), whereas heterozygous mutations lead to a subtler phenotype characterized by progressive short stature with by increasing loss of height potential with age.
The Challenge of Minority Nationalism
Authors: Heuman Johannes
Published: July 2020

This article investigates how the French antiracist movement and its main organizations dealt with Zionism and the Middle East conflict from the liberation of France until the early 1970s. Their generally positive view of Israel and their concern for Arab interests at the end of the 1940s demonstrate these republican organizations' desire to recognize ethnic identities. During the 1950s an ideological split between left-wing antiracism and Zionism began to develop, and by the end of the 1960s a number of new antiracist associations questioned the very foundation of the Jewish state. Overall, the study argues that antiracist organizations' stances on and statements about Zionism and the Middle East conflict influenced Jewish-Arab relations during the postwar period and played an important role for both Jews and Arabs.

Cet article examine comment le mouvement antiraciste français et ses principales organisations ont abordé le sionisme et le conflit au Moyen-Orient depuis la Libération jusqu'au début des années 1970. Leur opinion surtout positive d'Israël ainsi qu'un souci pour les intérêts arabes à la fin des années 1940 montrent un certain désir par ces organisations républicaines de reconnaître les identités ethniques. Pendant les années 1950, une fracture idéologique entre l'antiracisme de gauche et le sionisme commence à se développer, et dès la fin des années 1960 un activisme plus poussé a amené de nouvelles associations antiracistes à remettre en question les fondements mêmes de l'Etat juif. Dans l'ensemble, l'étude montre que les organisations antiracistes ont été impliquées dans l'élaboration des relations judéo-arabes après la guerre à travers leurs positions et déclarations sur le sionisme et le Moyen-Orient, des questions qui jouent un rôle important pour les Juifs et les Arabes.
Attachment performance of stick insects (Phasmatodea) on convex substrates
Authors: Büscher Thies H. , Becker Martin , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: July 2020

Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) are herbivorous insects well camouflaged on the plant substrates due to cryptic masquerade. Also their close association with plants makes them adapted to different substrate geometries and surface topographies of the plants they imitate. During past years, stick insects gained increasing attention in attachment- and locomotion-focused research. However, most studies experimentally investigating stick insect attachment have been performed either on single attachment pads or on flat surfaces. In contrast, curved surfaces, especially twigs or stems of plants, are dominant substrates for phytophagous insects, but not much is known about the influence of curvature on their attachment. In this study, by combining the analysis of the tarsal usage with mechanical traction and pull-off force measurements, we investigate the attachment performance on curved substrates with different diameters in two species of stick insects with different tarsal length. We provide the first quantitative data for forces generated by stick insects on convex curved substrates and show that the curvature significantly influences the attachment abilities in both species. Within the studied range of substrate curvatures, traction force decreases and the pull-off force increases with increasing curvature. Shorter tarsi demonstrate reduced forces, however, the tarsus length only has an influence for diameters thinner than the tarsal length. The attachment force generally depends on the number of tarsi/tarsomeres in contact, tarsus/leg orientation and body posture on the surface. Pull-off force is also influenced by the tibiotarsal angle, with higher pull-off force for lower angles, while traction force is mainly influenced by load, i.e. adduction force.
СПОРТИВНОЕ СООРУЖЕНИЕ КАК ФАКТОР УСПЕШНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ РОСИИИ
Authors: Mityashin Gleb Yurievich
Published: July 2020

Спортивное сооружение в современных условиях является неотъемлемой частью городской и региональной инфраструктуры. В работе представлен обзор подходов к оценке эффективности спортивного сооружения как инструмента повышения качества жизни населения, а также механизмы, позволяющие повысить эффективность его деятельности. Автором представлена информация об интегральном показателе уровня жизни и об индексе качества городской среды, при расчете которых необходимо использовать информацию о спортивных сооружениях. В работе произведен сравнительный анализ спортивных реестров разных стран, которые обеспечивают доступность информации о спортивной инфраструктуре для населения, выявлены критерии, необходимые для совершенствования российского реестра. Также, на основе анализа данных конкурса “Арена” были сформулированы более эффективные критерии оценки деятельности спортивного сооружения.Цель исследования: выполнить обзор подходов к оценке эффективности спортивного сооружения как инструмента повышения качества жизни населения.Метод или методология проведения работы: метод анализа и синтеза, метод описания.Результаты: выявлены инструменты повышения эффективности спортивного сооружения, как фактора, влияющего на уровень жизни региона.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять Министерству спорта РФ при разработке требований к спортивным объектам; работникам служб, занимающихся территориальным планированием; органам управления при разработке мероприятий по повышению уровня жизни.
ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА БАНКА
Authors: Shakirova Dinara Marselevna , Vakhitova Diana Albertovna , Bakhtiarova Adeliya Ayratovna , Ivanov Danila Valeryevich , Kenchadze Oleg Avtandilovich
Published: July 2020

Эффективное управление человеческими ресурсами является одним из важнейших условий выживания в конкурентном мире. Ни одна организация не может достичь своих целей без надлежащего управления человеческими ресурсами. Разработка концепции управления персоналом организации ведется с учетом текущих потребностей. Ее составлением занимаются как штатные специалисты, так и привлеченные сторонние эксперты.Целью настоящей работы является определение инструментов и методов стимулирования банковских сотрудников в контексте управления персоналом.Методы исследования: использованы данные интернет-источников, анализ литературы, системный подход и обобщение.Результатом данной работы является определение широкого спектра средств стимулирования сотрудников банковского учреждения в разрезе концепции управления персонала; требований и ориентиров, которым должна соответствовать система управления персоналом в организации.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть применены в области управления персоналом в банковской сфере.
УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ТЭК
Authors: Korobkova Yulia Yurjevna , Panofenova Lyubov Ivanovna , Pervova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: July 2020

Повышение производительности труда сотрудников является одним из стратегических ориентиров в развитии нашего государства. Одной из основных причин низкой производительности труда в России является дефицит профессиональных навыков, вопросы жизнестойкости и самоопределения.В статье исследована проблема повышения производительности труда сотрудников через выявление профессиональных навыков и умений, которые требуют развития, начиная с периода обучения студентов старших курсов в университете – будущих специалистов и молодых сотрудников предприятий (1–3 год работы). Анализ анкетирования показал, что повышение профессионализма целесообразно начинать с вопросов самоопределения, повышения жизнестойкости и устойчивости личности. Выявлена закономерность влияния повышения устойчивости личности на повышение производительности труда.Дана авторская трактовка факторов устойчивости человека. В нее входят: ценности человека; традиции; национальность; устойчивая позиция родителей, семьи, рода; вопросы веры, убеждения; принятия себя, родителей, семьи, рода, народа; изучение, самопознание себя; забота о себе, своем здоровье, семье.Для повышения производительности труда разработан комплекс рекомендаций. В него входит решение вопросов самоопределения, формирование устойчивости личности, создание благоприятной корпоративной среды в Компании.Цель – разработка подхода повышения производительности труда будущих и молодых сотрудников для крупных и средних компаний.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы эмпирического уровня и экспериментально-теоретического уровня, а также статистические методы анализа.Результаты: определен комплекс рекомендаций для повышения эффективности труда будущих/молодых сотрудников.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять структурами по развитию персонала Компаний.
RECURSOS METAFICCIONAIS PARA (RE)LER A HISTÓRIA EM OS ANJOS CONTAM HISTÓRIAS, DE LUIZ ANTONIO AGUIAR
Authors: Lima Silvani Lopes , Verardi Burlamaque Fabiane
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da obra Os anjos contam histórias, de Luiz Antonio Aguiar, buscando demonstrar como sua construção ficcional promove uma (re)leitura, através de estratégias próprias da metaficção historiográfica, do episódio histórico da Inconfidência Mineira, ocorrido durante o ciclo do ouro, em Minas Gerais. O texto utiliza, como mote mais específico, o mistério em torno do roubo da cabeça de Tiradentes, líder da revolta. A narrativa é protagonizada pelo casal Manoel Francisco Lisboa, filho de Aleijadinho, e Joanna Lopes, os quais, com a idade de apenas quinze anos, se envolvem com os conjuradores e passam a viver arriscadas peripécias. As diversas experiências por que passam os protagonistas não só os torna mais unidos como também faz com que amadureçam na adversidade. O autor, ao destacar que a narrativa é baseada em fatos históricos, mas que estes foram livremente usados e combinados ao sabor da invenção, lembra-nos que todo e qualquer relato a que temos acesso, seja ele ficcional ou historiográfico, é discursivo, constituído de fatos textualizados e não de acontecimentos em si, sendo portanto sempre parcial e limitado por que contado de um determinado ponto de vista. Assim, buscamos demonstrar como se mesclam e se dissipam aspectos da ficção e da história nesta trama contada por anjos.
SOB OS OLHOS DE KUNUMIM: A LITERATURA INDÍGENA BRASILEIRA NO CÍRCULO LITERÁRIO INFANTOJUVENIL
Authors: Jacob Lívia Penedo
Published: July 2020

No presente artigo, analisamos como a literatura indígena brasileira tem sido continuamente associada à literatura infantojuvenil. A partir do estudo de diversas obras ameríndias, são levantadas múltiplas questões pertinentes ao tema, inclusive no que tange à própria noção de gênero literário, comumente aplicado nos estudos teóricos da área sem grandes reflexões sobre a sua aceitação pelas culturas não ocidentais. Outras características marcadamente presentes nessas publicações são discutidas, tais como as ilustrações e uma temática notável por sua recorrência nessas obras, aqui denominada “metamorfoses ameríndias”. Trata-se de personagens transmorfos, isto é, sujeitos que se metamorfoseiam em animais ou vice-versa. Propomos, por fim, a leitura contextualmente guiada como um caminho mais seguro para a adoção das mesmas em sala de aula.
O MEDO EM HISTÓRIAS ASSUSTADORAS PARA CONTAR NO ESCURO
Authors: Campos Felipe Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Histórias assustadoras para contar no escuro é o primeiro livro de uma trilogia de sucesso que busca compilar diversos contos de medo existentes no folclore norte-americano. Para causar o efeito esperado no leitor, os contos usam elementos conhecidos do gênero: espíritos vingativos, cenários amaldiçoados, figuras com poderes sobrenaturais, situações corriqueiras que se transformam em verdadeiros pesadelos, atos e consequências piores que a morte. O livro transita entre diversas formas de utilizar o horror na narrativa, por vezes criando atmosfera de tensão e insegurança para o momento final, mas também utilizando o artifício do susto com informações – ou atitudes do narrador – inesperadas. Como embasamento teórico para a pesquisa, nomes como Rosalba Campra, David Roas e Julio França, autores que pensam a literatura fantástica.
ENTRE MEMÓRIAS E HISTÓRIAS: A LITERATURA INFANTO-JUVENIL DE ONDJAKI
Authors: Paz Demétrio Alves , Fenner Camila Knebel
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as narrativas infanto-juvenis do escritor angolano Ondjaki. Buscamos nelas algumas características específicas do autor e da cultura de seu país, num resgate da tradição oral ao rescrever e recriar histórias da cultura angolana. A literatura infantil de Ondjaki, assim como a de outros autores do período pós-colonial, é uma literatura de resistência, numa luta por espaço, pela valorização da cultura e pela construção da identidade de um país por muito tempo silenciado.
crianças e música: educação musical e estudos da infância em diálogo
Authors: Cunha Sandra Mara da
Published: July 2020

Children and music are the theme of this article conceived as a sort of rehearsal, with the aim of thinking a musical education of childhood. Its theoretical foundations emerge from conversations between music education and childhood studies, and formed the basis for  the lecture workshop held at the II Congress of Childhood Studies, in September 2019, at the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The text addresses methodological openings present in creative approaches to curricula based on network formats and circles. Improvisations and compositions made by children and guided by professor-artists who know their craft, emerge from these experimental dynamics. The participation of children in collaborative action with their teachers gives, in turn, new meanings to the teacher’s role in the form of “double listening”—listening both to children and to their musical expressions. The development of research in children’s music has powerful implications both for musical education and for the field of education. This research also contributes to childhood studies, since listening to children's musical expressions makes it possible to know more about what they think, feel and do when they create their music. It also promises to result in greater visibility and audibility for the songs invented by them, and for the recognition of the importance of music education in schools.
crianças e guerra: as balas perdidas!
Authors: Abramowicz Anete
Published: July 2020

This essay seeks to answer the questions of which children in the contemporary world have been targeted and killed "unintentionally”or "at random" by the Brazilian State. In order to understand the place of children in this “war” we rely on the work, among others, of Achille Mbembe, Maurizio Lazzarato and Peter Pál Pelbart. Our text is structured in six sections. First, we take up the concepts of biopolitics, biopower and necropolitics , in an attempt to specify the type of governmental power that is exercised nowadays. Biopower is understood, not only as a military or political concept, but also in relation to a “biological” war (Lazzarato, 2016) against blacks, against certain sexualities, against some women and against some children. We than show how the construction of the universal idea of  “child” excludes children who do not belong to this representation, which is, in general,  disseminated as being the only image of a child. This diffusion of a single, universal notion of “child” is made through countless discursive and audiovisual imagery, and excludes black children and all those who diverge from or “flee” the hegemonic way of representing, thinking and writing about what a child is. Finally, we verify that the dead children are black and poor and we demonstrate the importance of children's political participation in social life.
infância, cultura visual e educação
Authors: Fernandes Adriana Hoffmann , Cassino Helenice Mirabelli
Published: July 2020

This article combines thoughts about childhood, visual culture and education. It is known that we live among multiple images that shape the way we see our reality, and researchers in the visual culture field investigate how this role is played out in our culture. The goal is to make some applications those ideas, to think about the relationship between the images and education. This article tries to grasp what visual culture is and in what ways presumptions about childhood generate and are generated by this association. It also discusses the genesis of these presumptions and the images they generate through a philosophical approach, questioning the role of education in a culture tied to the media, and about how children, who are familiar with multiple screens, presage a new visual literacy. We see how images play a fundamental role in the way children give meaning to the world around them and to themselves, in the context of their local culture. Given this context, it is necessary to consider how visual culture is tied to the elementary school, and what challenges confront the generation of wider and more creative ways to approach visual framing in children’s education.
lipman e a filosofia para crianças: cultivo “do” pensamento ou cultivo de “um” pensamento?
Authors: Pereira Diego Bertolo , Paiva Wilson Alves de
Published: July 2020

This text aims to perform a “fly over” the Philosophy for Children program--created by the philosopher and educator Matthew Lipman-–in order to identify certain philosophical problems that might appear there, one of them being the issue of universality. In response to Lipman’s claims of universality, we try to uncover his underlying ideological position that informs his approach to the concept. To achieve that goal, we return to the program’s  beginnings, in order to ask how the idea of Philosophy for Children appeared and how it has developed up to the present moment. We argue that Lipman’s novel proposal to think philosophically with children emerged, in part, as a response to the student movements of 1968--a response, that is, to a specific political context that was marked by strong social and ideological disputes. Finally, we make a comparative analysis of the social and political context that informs Latin American Philosophy, and the extent to which it, also, has been shaped by a pragmatic response to a particular historical moment. The difference between the Anglo-American and the Latin American contexts is here characterized as an obstacle to a certain “universal” logos to which the Lipmanian project is linked. Our analysis is aided by the Discourse of marginalization and barbarism, produced by the Mexican philosopher Leopoldo Zea.
Quality improvement, checklists and systems of work: why do we need them?
Authors: Mosedale Pam
Published: July 2020

Missing out one small step in a complex procedure can lead to an error. A checklist is a list of actions that can identify the small but crucial steps which may be missed out. Checklists are just one of the tools used to form a culture of continuous quality improvement (QI) in veterinary practice. QI is about understanding the level of care practices provide and implementing interventions to try to improve it. Checklists have been used in aviation and in human healthcare to reduce errors. The use of a surgical safety checklist can be very effective both in human healthcare and in veterinary practice. Checklists can be used in many other areas of practice too. They are a patient safety system, not just a piece of paper, they encourage teamwork, communication and situational awareness and can help to reduce errors.
Dual-view catadioptric panoramic system based on even aspheric elements
Authors: Amani Alireza , Bai Jian , Huang Xiao
Published: July 2020

We propose a compact catadioptric imaging system based on even aspheric elements to solve some major limitations of conventional panoramic structure, such as field of view, blind spot, resolution, illumination, and less structure is introduced. The design includes a catadioptric front unit that is capable of providing a compression image of a panoramic scene and of relaying high-performance aspheric lenses to a decompression image. It is arranged to project two uncompressed images from two channels on a single sensor. Their optical paths do not interfere with each other, and there is no blind-spot image.
Exploiting scale-invariance: a top layer targeted inverse model for hyperspectral images of wounds
Authors: Bjorgan Asgeir , Randeberg Lise Lyngsnes
Published: July 2020

Detection of re-epithelialization in wound healing is important, but challenging. Hyperspectral imaging can be used for non-destructive characterization, but efficient techniques are needed to extract and interpret the information. An inverse photon transport model suitable for characterization of re-epithelialization is validated and explored in this study. It exploits scale-invariance to enable fitting of the epidermal skin layer only. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the fitted layer transmittance and reflectance spectra are unique, and that there exists an infinite number of coupled parameter solutions. The method is used to explain the optical behavior of and detect re-epithelialization in an in vitro wound model.
FTDT simulations of local plasmonic fields for theranostic core-shell gold-based nanoparticles
Authors: Kon Igor , Zyubin Andrey , Samusev Ilia
Published: July 2020

The paper describes the results of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) mathematical modeling of electromagnetic fields distortion near the surfaces of core-shell gold-based spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs). NPs were consistently functionalized by two shells of different thickness: a water shell, as a model substance for a drug, and an

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shell, as a capsuling layer. The calculated field values were converted into the electromagnetic field enhancement coefficient and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity. Prospects of the theoretical approach for core-shell NPs modeling to evaluate optimal field amplification and light-scattering parameters have been shown. The presented approach could be applied as a basis for performing methods of controlled synthesis for colloidal core-shell theranostic NPs.
Sequential adaptive estimation for spectral reflectance based on camera responses
Authors: Wang Lixia , Wan Xiaoxia , Xiao Gensheng , Liang Jinxing
Published: July 2020

A sequential weighted nonlinear regression technique from digital camera responses is proposed for spectral reflectance estimation. The method consists of two stages taking colorimetric and spectral errors between training set and target set into accounts successively. Based on polynomial expansion model, local optimal training samples are adaptively employed to recover spectral reflectance as accurately as possible. The performance of the method is compared with several existing methods in the cases of simulated camera responses under three kinds of noise levels and practical camera responses under the self as well as cross test conditions. Results show that the proposed method is able to recover spectral reflectance with a higher accuracy than other methods considered.
In vitro evaluation of ultrafast laser drilling large-size holes on sheepshank bone
Authors: Zhang Jiaru , Guan Kai , Zhang Zhen , Guan Yingchun
Published: July 2020

Bone drilling has been widely used in medical surgeries such as repair and fixation in orthopedics. Traditional drilling method using drill-bits inevitably causes significant thermal and mechanical trauma in the adjacent bone tissues. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of femtosecond laser drilling in vitro large-size holes on the sheepshank bone with high efficiency and minimal collateral damage. A Yb:KGW femtosecond laser was utilized to drill millimeter-scale holes on the bone under different cooling conditions including gas- and water-assisted processes. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and infrared thermographic imaging system were used to investigate the residual debris, removal rate, bone temperature variation and hole morphology. Histological examination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed to study thermal damage. Results show that a 4 mm hole with smooth and clean surface was successfully drilled on the bone, and the highest removal rate of 0.99 mm3/s was achieved, which was twenty times higher than the previous study of 0.05 mm3/s. Moreover, bone and bone marrow were distinguished by real-time monitoring system during laser drilling. This work demonstrates the potential for clinical applications using an ultrafast laser to produce crack-free large-size bone holes.
A calibration scheme for non-line-of-sight imaging setups
Authors: Klein Jonathan , Laurenzis Martin , Hullin Matthias B. , Iseringhausen Julian
Published: July 2020

The recent years have given rise to a large number of techniques for “looking around corners”, i.e., for reconstructing or tracking occluded objects from indirect light reflections off a wall. While the direct view of cameras is routinely calibrated in computer vision applications, the calibration of non-line-of-sight setups has so far relied on manual measurement of the most important dimensions (device positions, wall position and orientation, etc.). In this paper, we propose a method for calibrating time-of-flight-based non-line-of-sight imaging systems that relies on mirrors as known targets. A roughly determined initialization is refined in order to optimize for spatio-temporal consistency. Our system is general enough to be applicable to a variety of sensing scenarios ranging from single sources/detectors via scanning arrangements to large-scale arrays. It is robust towards bad initialization and the achieved accuracy is proportional to the depth resolution of the camera system.
Highly multimodal structure of high topological charge extreme ultraviolet vortex beams
Authors: Sanson F. , Pandey A. K. , Papagiannouli I. , Harms F. , Dovillaire G. , Baynard E. , Demailly J. , Guilbaud O. , Lucas B. , Neveu O. , Pittman M. , Ros D. , Richardson M. , Johnson E. , Li W. , Balcou Ph. , Kazamias S.
Published: July 2020

Optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum are a very active field of research for their prospective applications, especially at short wavelengths. We consider here such beams produced through high-harmonic generation (HHG) in a rare gas and analyze the characterization of their high-charge vortex structure by an extreme ultraviolet Hartmann wavefront sensor. We show that such HHG beams are generally composed of a set of numerous vortex modes. The sensitivity of the intensity and phase of the HHG beam to the infrared laser aberrations is investigated using a deformable mirror.
Nanophotonic supercontinuum-based mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Hairun , Weng Wenle , Liu Junqiu , Yang Fan , Hänsel Wolfgang , Brès Camille Sophie , Thévenaz Luc , Holzwarth Ronald , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: July 2020

High resolution and fast detection of molecular vibrational absorption
is important for organic synthesis, pharmaceutical processes, and
environmental monitoring, and is enabled by mid-infrared (mid-IR)
laser frequency combs via dual-comb spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate
a novel and highly simplified approach to broadband mid-IR dual-comb
spectroscopy via supercontinuum generation, achieved using
unprecedented nanophotonic dispersion engineering that allows for
ultra-broadband and flat-envelope mid-IR frequency combs. Our mid-IR
dual-comb spectrometer has an instantaneous bandwidth covering the
functional group region from

2800

–

3600

c
m

−

1

, comprising more than 100,000 comb
lines, enabling parallel gas-phase detection with a high sensitivity,
sub-Doppler spectral resolution, and a high speed. In addition to the
traditional functional groups, their isotopologues are also resolved
in this supercontinuum-based dual-comb spectroscopy. Our approach
combines well established fiber laser combs, digital coherent data
averaging, and integrated nonlinear photonics, each in itself a
state-of-the-art technology, signaling the emergence of mid-IR
dual-comb spectroscopy for use outside of the protected laboratory
environment.
La robótica desde las áreas STEM en Educación Primaria: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ferrada Cristian , Carrillo-Rosúa Francisco Javier , Díaz-Levicoy Danilo , Silva-Díaz Francisco
Published: July 2020

Frente a la necesidad de una formación científica a temprana edad, el uso de la robótica en el contexto educativo constituye un importante recurso didáctico para el desarrollo de una educación centrada en las áreas STEM. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices de la Declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma), con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción científica relacionada con Educación STEM, desde el trabajo con robótica educativa en Educación Primaria, así se plantean preguntas de investigación sobre indicadores bibliométricos, metodologías de investigación utilizadas, la relación entre aéreas STEM y robótica educativa, o aspectos sociales y de género.La búsqueda se realizó en tres bases de datos internacionales (Scopus, ERIC y WoS), logrando identificar 463 artículos, seleccionándose 26 documentos que cumplían con todos los criterios de inclusión. Los hallazgos dan cuenta que las investigaciones con metodologías mixtas son las más utilizados, y a su vez presentan un mayor número de citaciones en Google Scholar. Respecto al enfoque de género de los primeros autores y los grupos de investigación, estos se presentan de forma equitativa. De igual forma no se evidencian diferencias en el acceso, desarrollo y adquisición de habilidades entre los participantes como resultados de las investigaciones. También, se observa una mayor implementación de propuestas en el horario extraescolar, mejorando la actitud y adquisición de habilidades en áreas STEM.
Gastric Microbiota in a Low–Helicobacter pylori Prevalence General Population and Their Associations With Gastric Lesions
Authors: Ndegwa Nelson , Ploner Alexander , Andersson Anders F. , Zagai Ulrika , Andreasson Anna , Vieth Michael , Talley Nicholas J. , Agreus Lars , Ye Weimin
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Non–Helicobacter pylori microbiota might account for some cases with unexplained chronic gastritis that may in a minority eventually progress to gastric cancer through the Correa cascade. We characterized gastric microbiota by describing the normal stomach, compared it with early precancerous lesions and other disease states, and assessed whether H. pylori status affects bacterial diversity.

METHODS:

In a population-based study of those with and without gastrointestinal symptoms, cytology brush samples were collected during endoscopy from 316 individuals. Mucosal status was classified as normal mucosa (171), nonatrophic H. pylori gastritis (33), atrophic gastritis (12), or antral chemical gastritis (61). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis were performed to characterize the microbiota.

RESULTS:

Microbiota in atrophic gastritis and nonatrophic H. pylori gastritis stomachs were dysbiotic and differed from those in the normal stomach (P = 0.001). The normal stomach had the highest microbial diversity, followed by antral chemical gastritis. The atrophic gastritis and chronic H. pylori gastritis groups had the lowest diversity, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Besides H. pylori, non–H. pylori bacteria accounted for group differences. Microbial network analysis showed that the normal group network was most highly connected, whereas the H. pylori gastritis group had the lowest connection. We found an increasing positive co-occurrence of oral bacteria in the stomach because samples deviated from the normal network, some of which were pathogens. The H. pylori–negative group had the highest microbial diversity (Shannon index) compared with the H. pylori–positive group (P = 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

In this low–H. pylori prevalence general population, the gastric mucosal microbiota of the normal stomach differed significantly from those with nonatrophic or atrophic gastritis. There was an increasing abundance of pathogenic bacteria from the normal state to early precancerous states.
Donald J. Trump and the Rhetoric of White Ambivalence
Authors: Kelly Casey Ryan
Published: July 2020

This essay examines how President Trump’s vacillations between overt and colorblind racism represent the intensification of white racial anxieties in anticipation of an impending demographic shift toward a nonwhite majority. Trump’s contradictory rhetoric on race becomes legible in the context of white ambivalence, a condition that entails that white identity, history, and culture be respected as morally superior but, at the same time, not be characterized as white supremacy. Examining a selection of Trump’s campaign and postelection rallies, I show how white ambivalence constitutes a perverse mixture of overweening and explicit valorizations of people of color and, simultaneously, a forceful disavowal of racial conversations that might otherwise implicate white identity in the legacy of white supremacy.
Theistnormativity and the Negation of American Atheists in Presidential Inaugural Addresses
Authors: Lee Kristina M.
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to address the need in rhetorical scholarship to recognize the obstacles that atheists face in the public sphere. I propose that, within the United States, there is a systematic normalization of theism, which I refer to as theistnormativity. While theistnormativity is advanced through various systems within a society, I argue that presidents reinforce theistnormativity through their use of religious political rhetoric. I reason that the theistnormativity that is prominent in presidential inaugural addresses from 1933 to 2017 contributes an ideal space that privileges theists and marginalizes atheists.
“The Magic of Philanthropy”: The Gates Foundation’s Reframing of Education Reform Debate
Authors: Webber Jim
Published: July 2020

The Gates Foundation invokes a third way in education reform debate by appealing not to government regulation or market competition but to philanthropic investment as a catalyst for improving educational equity. While the foundation praises this investment as transcending the conventional polarities of debate, I argue that this praise assigns a familiar form of blame toward public education and educators, for it declares philanthropists the only reformers whose commitments to educational civil rights remain uncompromised by political-economic self-interest. In light of this analysis, I qualify the deliberative potential of praise as a rhetoric of education reform.
Narratologie und Geschichte
Authors: Hachgenei Davina
Published: July 2020

Am Beispiel der spätmittelalterlichen schottischen Historiografie entwickelt Davina Hachgenei einen neuen methodischen Zugriff für die Geschichtswissenschaften: Sie wendet eine narratologische Methode auf historische Quellen - The Bruce und Scotichronicon - an und ergänzt damit die klassische Hermeneutik um einen analytischen Zugang. Gleichzeitig kontextualisiert sie die theoretischen Grundlagen und trägt damit zur Neuausrichtung der narratologischen Theorie in der Kulturwissenschaft bei: eine Statusklärung der Narratologie als Theorie und Methode für die Geschichtswissenschaft.
Das therapeutisierte Subjekt
Authors: Georg Eva
Published: July 2020

»Da muss ich noch an mir arbeiten!« Doch an was genau arbeiten wir eigentlich, wenn wir solche Vorsätze postulieren? Eva Georg liefert hierzu eine Analyse der Konstitution des (neo-)liberalen Subjekts im Kontext einer »Therapeutisierung der Gesellschaft«. Unter Bezugnahme auf Michel Foucault, die Quantenphysikerin Karen Barad und die buddhistische Philosophie nimmt sie eine Neuverhandlung der Frage nach der »Arbeit am Selbst« vor. Dabei adressiert sie ethische Debatten um die Relationalität von Subjektivität ebenso wie eine post-/koloniale Perspektivierung westlicher Buddhismus-Rezeptionen - und liefert einen innovativen Beitrag für das noch junge Feld der Beratungswissenschaften sowie die Praxis von Psychotherapie, Beratung und Coaching.
Von NS-Konzentrationslagern erzählen
Authors: Hipp Dominique
Published: July 2020

In Prozessen zu Verbrechen in nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslagern wie Dachau, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück und Neuengamme mussten die Angeklagten in ihren Aussagen eine »Lücke« zwischen den sich widersprechenden politischen, rechtlichen und vor allem moralischen Systemen schließen - und standen damit unter einem erhöhten erzählerischen Druck. Der Umgang mit Dokumenten solcher Verfahren verlangt deshalb eine Quellenkritik, die dem erzählenden Charakter Rechnung trägt, aber auch die Unterschiede zwischen den Prozessordnungen begreift. Dominique Hipp zeigt, dass die Erzähltheorie genau dies vermag, denn die narratologischen Fragen nach dem erzählerischen »Mehr« legen die narrative Selbstdefinition vor Gericht offen.
Geographien des Protests
Authors: Scholl Sebastian
Published: July 2020

Wie und wozu nutzen soziale Bewegungen »Raum«? Sebastian Scholl nimmt sich dieser grundlegenden Fragestellung mit interdisziplinären Zugängen an. Ins Zentrum stellt er dabei die Analyse der Funktion von Raum für die Aktivitäten von Protestbewegungen in öffentlich nicht sichtbaren Protestphasen. Auf Grundlage der Theorie sozialer Systeme sowie empirischer Einblicke in die mexikanische Friedensbewegung »Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad« - die sich im Kontext des sogenannten »Kriegs gegen die Drogen« formiert hat - wird erstmals eine Perspektive entworfen, die die Zusammenhänge von aktiven und latenten Protestphasen in raumbezogener Hinsicht analysierbar macht.
Neuverhandlungen von Kunst
Authors: Eusterschulte Birgit , Hauser Susanne , Krüger Christian , Lattner Heimo , Maechtel Annette , Siegmund Judith , Szántó Ildikó
Published: July 2020

Der Kunstbegriff als Verhandlungsgegenstand: Der Band versammelt Analysen zur Autonomie und Funktionalisierung der Kunst, die am Beispiel der Produktion, Transformation und Diskursivierung der Berliner Kunstszene seit 1990 gegenwärtige Neuverhandlungen des Kunstbegriffes fokussieren. Konkrete Fallbeispiele werden mit theoretischen und philosophischen Überlegungen verbunden - mit dem Ziel, historische Forschung und Theoriebildung miteinander zu verzahnen. Die These einer dynamischen Relation der zumeist oppositionär gedachten Begriffe »Autonomie« und »Funktionalisierung«, die sich im konkreten historischen Kontext entfaltet, durchzieht die Argumentationen der Autor*innen.
Gesellschaft als Medialität
Authors: Barth Niklas
Published: July 2020

Welche Verhaltensweisen üben wir in Social Media-Kanälen ein? Wie unterscheiden sich die Inszenierungen im Theater von denen auf den Bühnen des Alltags? Und was passiert eigentlich beim Forschen, wenn nach dem Interview gesprochene Sprache verschriftlicht und damit erst »Schrift« zum erkenntnisleitenden Medium wird? Niklas Barth geht in analytischen und empirischen Studien den Zugzwängen unterschiedlicher Medienformen nach. Diese Analysen führen nicht nur vor, wie sich Medien geradezu gegen unseren Willen immer wieder in Kommunikationsprozesse einmischen. Sie formulieren auch das Problem der soziologischen Gesellschaftsbeschreibung in neuer Schärfe: Gesellschaft besteht nicht einfach nur aus Medienformen, Gesellschaft ist vielmehr reine Medialität.
Die Bestrafung wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens
Authors: Hesselmann Felicitas
Published: July 2020

Wie reagiert die Wissenschaft auf Fehlverhalten innerhalb ihrer Gemeinschaft, an welchen Normen und Werten orientiert sie sich dabei und wie begründet sie diese? Felicitas Hesselmann untersucht die institutionellen Umgangsweisen mit wissenschaftlichem Fehlverhalten anhand von Interviews und Dokumentenanalysen. Theoretisch fundiert zeichnet sie das diese Verfahren prägende Spannungsfeld zwischen einer Ordnungsvorstellung wissenschaftlicher Selbstreinigung und einer Ordnungsvorstellung autoritativer Sanktion nach. Wissenschaft erscheint so als der seltene Fall einer sozialen Gemeinschaft ohne geteilte Normen, die an die Stelle des rechtsstaatlichen Versprechens auf Universalität und Stabilität ein Versprechen auf Unvorhersehbarkeit und Interpretationsoffenheit setzt.
Namibias Kinder
Authors: Fink Michaela , Gronemeyer Reimer
Published: July 2020

Die extremen Unterschiede zwischen Arm und Reich gehen in Namibia mit einer Verschlechterung der Lebenslage vieler Kinder einher, die schutz- und obdachlos in großer Armut leben. Wie sieht der Alltag dieser Kinder im ländlichen Norden und in den urbanen Blechhütten-Siedlungen Windhoeks aus? Michaela Fink und Reimer Gronemeyer haben sich auf die Suche gemacht und mit betroffenen Kindern und den sie unterstützenden zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen in Namibia gesprochen. Die berührenden, bewegenden aber auch spannenden Erzählungen zeigen auf, dass bei vielen Kindern trotz widrigster Lebensumstände bemerkenswerte Lebenskräfte wirken und sie Wege finden, dieses Leben zu meistern.
The Plausibility of Future Scenarios
Authors: Schmidt-Scheele Ricarda
Published: July 2020

What does plausibility mean in relation to scenario planning and how do users of scenarios assess it? Despite the concept's ubiquity, its epistemological and empirical foundations remain unexplored in previous research. Ricarda Schmidt-Scheele offers an interdisciplinary perspective: she presents approaches from philosophy of sciences, cognitive psychology, narrative theory and linguistics, and tests key hypotheses in an experimental study. A conceptual map lays out indicators for scenario plausibility and explains how assessments vary across scenario methods. This helps researchers and practitioners to better understand the implications of their methodological choices in scenario development.
Was ist Behinderung?
Authors: Egen Christoph
Published: July 2020

Der Behinderungsbegriff spiegelt die menschliche Vielfalt nicht adäquat wider, sondern transportiert das Bild einer scheinbar homogenen Menschengruppe, die symbolisch auf das Piktogramm des Rollstuhlfahrers reduziert wird. Christoph Egen geht den Fragen nach, was »Behinderung« überhaupt ist und wie sich der gesellschaftliche Blick auf Menschen mit Funktionseinschränkungen vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart gewandelt hat. Dabei greift er auf die Prozesssoziologie von Norbert Elias zurück, um die Abwertungs- und Ausgrenzungsprozesse von Menschen zu untersuchen - und liefert so einen wertvollen Beitrag zur interdisziplinären Fachdiskussion.
(DES)ESPERANÇAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES SOBRE A COVID-19 A PARTIR DA GEOGRAFIA CRÍTICA
Authors: Alves Lidiane Aparecida
Published: July 2020

A pandemia da COVID-19, em curso, consiste em um fenômeno geográfico intrinsicamente associado à globalização neoliberal, que tem causado vários questionamentos e incertezas. Logo, por sua essência, ela deve ser pensada a partir do espaço, sendo, portanto a Geografia chamada a oferecer contribuições para o seu entendimento. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica que permita o entendimento da expansão da COVID-19 em uma perspectiva geográfica. Deste modo, aborda-se os elementos que motivam as crises do período atual; a difusão e as consequências diferenciais da COVID-19 nos lugares de acordo com os usos do território, o que implica em exposição e vulnerabilidade distintas; e por fim, reflete-se sobre lições para o futuro considerando as possibilidades técnicas e ações disponíveis, ressaltando na perspectiva da saúde, a importância de seu entendimento a partir da determinação social e de sua promoção via Políticas Públicas intersetoriais. De fato é inegável que a conjuntura atual, de urgência e calamidades, evidencia muitas contradições/erros e consiste uma oportunidade para mudanças.
COVID-19 EN MÉXICO: ASOCIACIÓN ESPACIAL DE CARA A LA FASE TRES
Authors: Marcela Virginia Santana Juárez  , Castañeda Giovanna Santana , Carillo Christian Sánchez , Carrillo Ronald Sánchez , Alcántara Roque Ortega
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar el comportamiento espacio temporal de la pandemia del COVID-19 en México, con un abordaje desde el análisis espacial, del 01 al 26 de abril de 2020, que incluye parte de la fase 2 y parte de la fase 3 de la pandemia. El método utilizado es el Índice de Moran y su gráfico de dispersión y se utilizan los gráficos de LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Association) para analizar la dependencia espacial local, de los casos por COVID-19.  Los resultados señalan que durante la fase 2 de la pandemia se caracteriza principalmente por los contagios comunitarios, en las principales zonas metropolitanas. En la tercera etapa el contagio es local, expandiéndose en forma exponencial aproximadamente 800 casos por día. En estados del centro de México, Baja California (limítrofe con los Estados Unidos), Tabasco y Quintana Roo, que registran los mayores casos. La principales conclusiones derivadas del análisis espacial es que existen grupos o clusters de municipios que son focos rojos porque registran el mayor número de casos, rodeados por municipios con valores altos; municipios con valores altos rodeados por municipios con valores bajos; municipios con valores bajos acorralados por municipios con valores altos; así como municipios con valores bajos rodeados por municipios bajos, que dependiendo de ello las políticas y medidas de mitigación deben ser diferenciadas y rigurosas, sin descuidar algún municipio.