bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in Informed Consent Practices for Non-Emergent Procedures in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Edwards B. Lorrie , Werner Heidi , Tripodis Yorghos , Dorfman David , Boyle Tehnaz , Bair-Merritt Megan , Garg Arvin
Published: September 2019

Although informed consent is a cornerstone of medical ethics, it is unclear if the practice for obtaining informed consent is consistent among pediatric emergency departments. This study’s goal is to describe the current practice for written informed consent in academic pediatric emergency departments for non-emergent procedures. A questionnaire distributed to pediatric emergency medicine fellowship directors queried whether written informed consent was standard of care for 15 procedures and assessed departmental consent policies and use of “blanket” consent-to-treat forms. Response rate was 80% (n = 64). Institutions obtained written consent for a mean of 4.4 procedures. Written informed consent was most commonly obtained for procedural sedation (82.5%), blood transfusion (72.9%), and lumbar puncture (66.5%). Twenty-one institutions (32.8%) had policies specifying procedures requiring written consent. Thirty-five institutions (54.7%) used “blanket” consent-to-treat forms. Our results suggest that there is variability in the use of written informed consent for non-emergent procedures among academic pediatric emergency departments.
Mother and Infant Predictors of Rapid Infant Weight Gain
Authors: Pesch Megan H. , Pont Cassidy M. , Lumeng Julie C. , McCaffery Harlan , Tan Cin C.
Published: September 2019

Objective. To examine characteristics of the infant and mother associated with rapid infant weight gain (RIWG). Methods. Electronic health records (N = 4626) of term infants born were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression examined the presence of RIWG (vs not) using participant characteristics in the whole sample and in stratified groups. Results. The prevalence of RIWG was 18.7%. Predictors of RIWG were infant male sex, younger infant gestational age, firstborn (vs later born) status, maternal Black or Other (Asian, American Indian, etc), non-Hispanic race/ethnicity (vs White non-Hispanic), Medicaid (vs non-Medicaid insurance), and maternal cigarette smoking status (vs never smoker). The regression model explained between 7.0% and 11.4% of the variance in RIWG. There were few differences in predictors of RIWG in stratified samples. Conclusions. Early childhood obesity intervention efforts may target the modifiable risk factors for RIWG starting prenatally.
Eye-Tracking Metrics Predict Perceived Workload in Robotic Surgical Skills Training
Authors: Wu Chuhao , Cha Jackie , Sulek Jay , Zhou Tian , Sundaram Chandru P. , Wachs Juan , Yu Denny
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between eye-tracking measures and perceived workload in robotic surgical tasks.

Background

Robotic techniques provide improved dexterity, stereoscopic vision, and ergonomic control system over laparoscopic surgery, but the complexity of the interfaces and operations may pose new challenges to surgeons and compromise patient safety. Limited studies have objectively quantified workload and its impact on performance in robotic surgery. Although not yet implemented in robotic surgery, minimally intrusive and continuous eye-tracking metrics have been shown to be sensitive to changes in workload in other domains.

Methods

Eight surgical trainees participated in 15 robotic skills simulation sessions. In each session, participants performed up to 12 simulated exercises. Correlation and mixed-effects analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between eye-tracking metrics and perceived workload. Machine learning classifiers were used to determine the sensitivity of differentiating between low and high workload with eye-tracking features.

Results

Gaze entropy increased as perceived workload increased, with a correlation of .51. Pupil diameter and gaze entropy distinguished differences in workload between task difficulty levels, and both metrics increased as task level difficulty increased. The classification model using eye-tracking features achieved an accuracy of 84.7% in predicting workload levels.

Conclusion

Eye-tracking measures can detect perceived workload during robotic tasks. They can potentially be used to identify task contributors to high workload and provide measures for robotic surgery training.

Application

Workload assessment can be used for real-time monitoring of workload in robotic surgical training and provide assessments for performance and learning.
Competition of Content Acquisition and Distribution Under Consumer Multipurchase
Authors: Jiang Baojun , Tian Lin , Zhou Bo
Published: September 2019

In many markets, such as video streaming or information services, a consumer may purchase multiple competing products or services. The existing theoretical literature typically assumes that each consumer can buy only one product. This article explicitly models the consumer’s multipurchase behavior and examines an upstream content creator’s content production and selling strategies as well as competing downstream distributors’ content acquisition and pricing strategies. The authors find that in contrast to the case of single-product purchase, under multiproduct purchase, only one distributor will acquire the creator’s new content in equilibrium. Furthermore, when the content distributors are not highly differentiated (each having a limited amount of unique content), the content creator will reduce new content production, leading to lower profits for both the content creator and the content distributors. By contrast, when the distributors are already highly differentiated with a substantial amount of unique content, the content creator will increase its content production, leading to higher profits for both the content creator and the distributors. The authors show that their main results and insights are robust to several alternative assumptions.
A Day in the Life: Personas of Professional Communicators at Work
Authors: Brumberger Eva , Lauer Claire
Published: September 2019

This article uses personas to illustrate the range of technical communication knowledge work developed through its practitioners—to articulate the functions, characteristics, traits, skills, and workplace styles of positions someone in the field might pursue. Recent research has provided valuable data about the expanding and evolving skill sets of the technical/professional communicator. We build on that by triangulating the data from an analysis of job postings, a survey of technical communicators, and interviews and embedded observations of practitioners to develop personas of technical/professional communicators on the job. The personas can help students, programs, and practitioners understand and navigate the many types of roles that are available in the field.
Risk Types and Coping Mechanisms for Ethical Tourism Entrepreneurs: A New Conceptual Framework
Authors: Power Susann , Di Domenico MariaLaura , Miller Graham
Published: September 2019

Risk is a widely accepted entrepreneurial construct and entrepreneurship is a key feature of the tourism industry. Yet, investigating types of risks and calls for research on ethical entrepreneurship in tourism have largely been neglected. This research provides an original contribution to academia about risk-types and subsequent coping mechanisms as faced by ethical tourism entrepreneurs. Using methods from Personal Construct Theory, 15 in-depth interviews with self-defined ethical tourism entrepreneurs were conducted. An existing consumer risk framework (monetary, functional, social, and psychological risk) provided a priori themes for analysis. Through constant comparison of data, different forms of intelligence (survival, system, emotional, and spiritual) have emerged as coping mechanisms. These in vivo themes have been paired with risk-types to develop an original conceptual framework for risk faced by ethical tourism entrepreneurs. The implications of this framework are significant in providing support to nascent entrepreneurs, government start-up initiatives, and entrepreneurial incubator programs.
Disciplining Microfinance Borrowers in Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain A. H. M. Belayeth
Published: September 2019

Based on expert interviews, this study aims to explore different components of cultural and administrative apparatuses, showing the disciplinary methods of microfinance organisations that work on submissive borrowers. Six policy officials of two microfinance institutions (MFIs) Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee and Bangladesh Rural Development Board – and two experts from different institutions were interviewed for this purpose. Following established way of analysing expert interviews, the study concentrates on the experts’ own wording and interfaces them with theoretical and conceptual positions. Among various sets of dispositif, an ensemble of elements of an apparatus, the culture of loyalty to saviours, the discourse of empowerment, regulatory decisions and policies of MFIs, a culture of repayment habits, usage of technical measures and accessing asymmetric information of borrowers are important in the power exerting process of the microfinance industry in Bangladesh.
Can Administrative Capacity Address Wicked Problems? Evidence From the Frontlines of the American Opioid Crisis
Authors: McCrea Austin M.
Published: September 2019

What is the link between administrative capacity and wicked problems? Previous literature links capacity to standardized performance outputs, but little is known on the link between capacity and highly complex policy settings. This study examines health outcomes of the opioid crisis—a wicked problem with interdependencies across different drugs with multiple legal and illegal pathways for abuse and dependence. If capacity matters for wicked problems, administrative action should decompose the larger wicked problem into smaller, more achievable solutions. The findings suggest that administrative capacity may allow public organizations to simultaneously manage drug outcomes across the legal and illegal market.
Characterization of pore microstructure and methane adsorption of organic-rich black shales in northwestern Hunan, South China
Authors: Huang Yanran , Dong Li , Hursthouse Andrew , Yu Ye , Huang Junping
Published: September 2019

The gas adsorption of shale is one of the most important factors influencing shale gas accumulation and production. Different from other shale gas fields, the shale in Northwestern Hunan province with strong structural deformation has especially high portion of adsorbed gas. The adsorption abilities of shale reservoir play a significant role in the success of exploration and production of shale gas in Northwestern Hunan. Therefore, based on many experiments including field emission scanning electron microscopy, N2/CO2 adsorption, excess CH4 adsorption with constant temperature and others, this paper found that: (1) the shale pores were identified with mineral matrix pores, organic-matter pores and fracture pores, and the pores can be further classified according to their shape features and forming mechanism; (2) after analyses of the distribution of the pore size, mesoporous is the largest contributor and widely distributed, and micropores provide more contribution on surface area but limited contribution to pore volume. Meanwhile, depth has little effect on the properties of shale reservoirs; (3) based on the fractal geometry theory, surface roughness is positively correlated to microstructure irregularity, which means the effects between the gas adsorption by Van der Waals force and by multilayer or capillary condensation in single pore system are consistent during the N2 adsorption process. (4) The abilities of gas storage are apparently sensitive to the surface roughness of shale pores and nonsensitive to microstructure irregularity. Total organic carbon has strong positive correlation with the surface roughness, specific surface area, total pore volume, and Langmuir volume, which means TOC can improve the adsorption of shale reservoir in many ways. Pyrite can offer much contribution to the ability of gas adsorption.
Telephone follow-up of the elderly after cataract surgery
Authors: Machado Tallita Mello Delphino , Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Vaqueiro Raquel Dantas , Santos Carla Targino Bruno dos , Alfradique de Souza Priscilla
Published: September 2019

Study’s purpose:

To analyze the effectiveness of telephone intervention for the nursing diagnosis of delayed surgical recovery in older persons who have undergone cataract surgery.

Design:

Blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. A total of 95 patients of both sexes who were over 60 years old and had undergone cataract surgery were divided into an intervention group (48 patients) and a control group (47 patients), allocated using BioEstat 5.3 Software.

Results:

The intervention included postoperative follow-up recovery of cataracts and prevention of complications performed on the 1st, 4th, 10th, and 20th postoperative days. After the intervention, the intervention group had a decrease in the length of surgical recovery ( p = .000). The occurrence in the intervention group was 6.3%, while in the control group, it was 36.2% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.118; confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 10.23). The number of nursing interventions nevertheless decreased during the telephone follow-up.

Conclusion:

For older persons, the telephone guidelines increase adherence to treatment, promote clinical improvement, promote surgical recovery over time, and improve independence and autonomy.
Cortical microinfarcts in memory clinic patients are associated with reduced cerebral perfusion
Authors: Ferro Doeschka A , Mutsaerts Henri JJM , Hilal Saima , Kuijf Hugo J , Petersen Esben T , Petr Jan , van Veluw Susanne J , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Yeow Tan Boon , Biessels Geert Jan , Chen Christopher
Published: September 2019

Cerebral cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are small ischemic lesions associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. CMIs are frequently observed in cortical watershed areas suggesting that hypoperfusion contributes to their development. We investigated if presence of CMIs was related to a decrease in cerebral perfusion, globally or specifically in cortex surrounding CMIs. In 181 memory clinic patients (mean age 72 ± 9 years, 51% male), CMI presence was rated on 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebral perfusion was assessed from cortical gray matter of the anterior circulation using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling parameters cerebral blood flow (CBF) (perfusion in mL blood/100 g tissue/min) and spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) (reflecting arterial transit time (ATT)). Patients with CMIs had a 12% lower CBF (beta = −.20) and 22% higher spatial CoV (beta = .20) (both p < .05) without a specific regional pattern on voxel-based CBF analysis. CBF in a 2 cm region-of-interest around the CMIs did not differ from CBF in a reference zone in the contralateral hemisphere. These findings show that CMIs in memory clinic patients are primarily related to global reductions in cerebral perfusion, thus shedding new light on the etiology of vascular brain injury in dementia.
How Do Women Interpret the NHS Information Leaflet about Cervical Cancer Screening?
Authors: Okan Yasmina , Petrova Dafina , Smith Samuel G. , Lesic Vedran , Bruine de Bruin Wändi
Published: September 2019

Background. Organized screening programs often rely on written materials to inform the public. In the United Kingdom, women invited for cervical cancer screening receive a leaflet from the National Health Service (NHS) to support screening decisions. However, information about screening may be too complex for people to understand, potentially hindering informed decision making. Objectives. We aimed to identify women’s difficulties in interpreting the leaflet used in England and negative and positive responses to the leaflet. Methods. We used a sequential mixed-methods design involving 2 steps: cognitive think-aloud interviews ( n = 20), followed by an England-wide survey ( n = 602). Data were collected between June 2017 and December 2018, and participants included women aged 25 to 64 y with varying sociodemographics. Results. Interview results revealed misunderstandings concerning screening results, benefits, and additional tests and treatment, although participants tended to react positively to numerical information. Participants were often unfamiliar with the potential harms associated with screening (i.e., screening risks), key aspects of human papillomavirus, and complex terms (e.g., dyskaryosis). Survey results indicated that interpretation difficulties were common ( M correct items = 12.5 of 23). Lower understanding was associated with lower educational level (β’s >0.15, P’s <0.001), lower numeracy scores (β = 0.36, P < 0.001), and nonwhite ethnicity (β = 0.10, P = 0.007). The leaflet was evaluated positively overall. Conclusions. Despite previous user testing of the leaflet, key information may be too complex for some recipients. As a consequence, they may struggle to make informed decisions about screening participation based on the information provided. We discuss implications for the improvement of communications about screening and decision support.
Avoidance of malignant arrhythmia caused by displacement of the right coronary artery ostium in surgical correction of supravalvular aortic stenosis
Authors: Peng Bo , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study was performed to identify the effects of different surgical approaches on the right coronary artery ostium in patients with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) and to determine how to avoid surgically induced right coronary artery occlusion.

Methods

The surgical techniques and outcomes of 91 patients who underwent surgical treatment of SVAS from 2008 to 2015 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed to identify the causes of early death, reoperation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

Results

Four perioperative deaths (Doty’s technique, n = 4), six cases of ECMO support (Doty’s technique, n = 4; Brom’s technique, n = 1; McGoon’s technique, n = 1), and eight reoperations (Doty’s technique, n = 5; Brom’s technique, n = 2; McGoon’s technique, n = 1) occurred. In cases of reoperation, adjustment of the shape and position of the right coronary sinus patch relieved the malignant arrhythmia.

Conclusion

Different surgical techniques have different effects on the right coronary artery. The shape of the patch inserted into the right coronary sinus should be carefully clipped to avoid distortion and ischemia of the right coronary artery.
Role of Orientation Processing in the Eggs Illusion
Authors: Qian Kun , Mitsudo Hiroyuki
Published: September 2019

In the eggs illusion, small patches perceptually deform when placed at the midpoints between the intersections of a regular grid. In this study, we explored the role of orientation processing in the illusion, by manipulating some spatiotemporal stimulus parameters using three psychophysical experiments. In Experiment 1, we manipulated grid luminance and presentation duration as independent variables and found that the illusion occurred even with a brief presentation of approximately 200 to 300 ms. In Experiments 2 and 3, besides presentation duration, we also systematically varied the orientation information of the stimulus. In addition to the original grid pattern, stimuli with only horizontal or vertical bars were employed in Experiment 2. The magnitude of the illusion was significantly weakened under the bar conditions. In Experiment 3, we varied the orientation of the bars stepwise and revealed that the local orientation information around the circular patches and the relative orientation information provided by the orthogonal bars of the grid are contributing factors to the illusion. Based on these results, we discussed the role of orientation processing in generating the eggs illusion.
Predicting Attrition and Engagement in the Treatment of Young Offenders
Authors: Carl Lena C. , Schmucker Martin , Lösel Friedrich
Published: September 2019

Premature treatment termination in offender treatment is linked to negative consequences for clients, practitioners, and the criminal justice system. Therefore, identifying predictors of treatment attrition is a crucial issue in offender rehabilitation. Most studies on this topic focus on adult offenders; less is known about adolescent offenders. In our study, therapy attrition and engagement were predicted via logistic and linear regression to examine the link between pretreatment variables, engagement, and treatment failure in 161 young offenders treated in a social-therapeutic unit in Germany. Engagement could be predicted by motivation, disruptive childhood behavior, low aggressiveness, and higher age. In turn, low motivation, substance abuse, and young age predicted attrition, but their impact diminished when engagement was added to the model with only substance abuse remaining significant. The effect of substance abuse on attrition disappeared, when the offender’s initial motivation was high. Implications for assessment and treatment planning are discussed.
Utilising genetically informed research designs to better understand family processes and child development: implications for adoption and foster care focused interventions
Authors: Sellers Ruth , Smith Amelia , Leve Leslie D , Nixon Elizabeth , Cane Tam Chipawe , Cassell Jackie , Harold Gordon
Published: September 2019

Understanding the interplay between genetic factors and family environmental processes (e.g. interparental relationship quality, positive vs negative parenting practices) and children’s mental health (e.g. anxiety, depression, conduct problems, ADHD) in the contexts of adoption and foster care research and practice is critical for effective prevention and intervention programme development. While evidence highlights the importance of family relationship processes (e.g. interparental relationship quality, parent‒child relationship quality) for the mental health and well-being of children in adoption and foster care, there is relatively limited evidence of effective interventions specifically for these families. Additionally, family-based interventions not specific to the context of adoption and foster care typically show small to medium effects, and even where interventions are efficacious, not all children benefit. One explanation for why interventions may not work well for some is that responses to an intervention may be influenced by an individual’s genetic make-up. Alternatively, the targets of family relationship level interventions (e.g. parenting processes) may not always affect the specific environment ‘trigger’ deemed salient to specific child/adolescent outcomes. This article summarises how genetically informed research designs can help disentangle genetic from environmental processes underlying psychopathology outcomes for children, and how this evidence can provide improved insights into the development of more effective preventive intervention targets for adoptive and foster families. We discuss current difficulties in translating behavioural genetics research to prevention science and provide recommendations to bridge the gap between behavioural genetics research and prevention science, with lessons for adoption and foster care research and practice.
The biological bases of attachment
Authors: Oliveira Paula , Fearon Pasco
Published: September 2019

From its origins, human attachment has always been viewed as a primary, biologically-based phenomenon with strong evolutionary roots. The last few decades have seen a large increase in research studies from developmental science and neighbouring disciplines that attest the role of biology in attachment processes. This review aims to provide a concise and up-to-date summary of research on the biological bases of attachment throughout the lifespan. We review the role of genetics, physiology ‒ focusing on oxytocin and cortisol ‒ and brain mechanisms that underlie attachment behaviour and its consequences. Findings are complex in that they often do not apply equally to all patterns of attachment, to all ages, or all temperament styles, among other factors. In addition, some important evidence is indirect, coming from studies that investigate the impact of variations in caregiving quality, such as differences in maltreatment and separation from caregiving figures, and on biology, and vice versa, rather than looking at differences in attachment per se, which complicates their interpretation. Implications for practice are raised throughout.
Evolution of human–environmental interactions in China from the Late Paleolithic to the Bronze Age
Authors: Dong Guanghui , Li Ruo , Lu Minxia , Zhang Dongju , James Nathaniel
Published: September 2019

Exploring prehistoric variation in human–environmental interaction is critical for understanding the historical patterns and mechanisms of long-term human–land evolution. In this paper we review the published radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data from Late Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in China, analyze the spatial–temporal distribution of these sites, and compare it with the results of recent paleoclimatic and archaeological studies. We seek to study the trajectory and influencing factors of human–environmental interactions in late prehistoric China. We detect changing patterns in the relationship between humans and the environment during different phases of the prehistoric era in China. Climate change clearly affected the environment of hunter-gatherer groups between 50,000–10,000 BP (before present, defined as 1950AD), and variation in human population in Neolithic China (∼10,000–4000 BP) was likely influenced primarily by the development of agriculture, in addition to substantial climate events. The spatial scale of human settlements expanded in the Bronze Age (∼4000–2200 BP) in a period of cooling climate. During this time the impact of human activities on the environment increased significantly, primarily caused by technological innovations related to the onset of prehistoric transcontinental cultural exchange in Eurasia.
Economic benefits of soil and water conservation measures at the sub-catchment scale in the northern Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Addis Hailu Kendie , Abera Atikilt , Abebaw Legese
Published: September 2019

Soil and water conservation (SWC) interventions are needed to control rainfall-driven erosion, and profitability of SWC measures at the sub-catchment scale emerges as the principal reason for their adoption. This study carried out a cost–benefit analysis of SWC measures in mountainous agricultural catchments. Physical data were obtained through field measurements of discharge, sediment and nutrient loss at the sub-catchment scale with and without SWC measures. The major cost benefits of various measures implemented in the study area were quantified using net present value (NPV), and direct market prices were employed in valuing the cost of items required for crop production. The results revealed that sediment loss decreased by 8.78 Mg ha−1 y−1 (46.8%) due to SWC measures, and the cost of production inputs, such as fertilizer (urea) and lime, was reduced by $17.97 ha−1 y−1 and $3.63 ha−1 y−1, respectively. Furthermore, crop yield was enhanced by 13% for teff, 19.4% for sorghum and 19.42% for chickpeas, which is equivalent to economic returns of $102, $96.9 and $140.25 ha−1 y−1, respectively. The total discounted cost of SWC interventions was about $331.74. This includes establishment costs, maintenance costs, input costs and the costs resulting from lost productive land. In sum, the total discounted benefits of SWC measures were the enhancement of crop production, a reduction in lime requirement and a reduction in the loss of total nitrogen and sediment, estimated at about $809.42. Hence, it is possible to deduce that SWC measures reduced nutrient depletion and greatly improved crop yield with a NPV of $477.68 ha−1. The results strongly suggest that SWC measures in the study sub-catchment, as well as in nearby areas with a similar indigenous SWC adoption strategy, topographic conditions and agroclimatic characteristics, should be maintained.
Are Perfectionistic Thoughts an Antecedent or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms? A Cross-Lagged Analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory
Authors: Besser Avi , Flett Gordon L. , Sherry Simon B. , Hewitt Paul L.
Published: September 2019

Perfectionistic automatic thoughts have been linked with depressive symptoms in numerous cross-sectional studies, but this link has not been assessed in longitudinal research. An investigation with two timepoints was conducted to test whether perfectionistic automatic thoughts, as assessed by the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI), are contributors to subsequent depression or vice versa. The possible role of a third factor (major life events stress) was also evaluated. A sample of 118 university students completed the PCI, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Life Experiences Survey on two occasions with a 5-month interval. A cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling showed that above and beyond within-time associations and across-time stability effects, perfectionism automatic thoughts contributed to subsequent depressive symptoms and not vice versa. Negative life events stress was correlated significantly with both depressive symptoms and perfectionism automatic thoughts but did not have an influence on Time 2 depressive symptoms or on perfectionistic automatic thoughts. Our discussion focuses on perfectionistic automatic thoughts as a contributor to depressive vulnerability according to the perfectionism cognition theory.
Developmental Outcomes of Aicardi Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Adang Laura , Gavazzi Francesco , De Simone Micaela , Fazzi Elisa , Galli Jessica , Koh Jamie , Kramer-Golinkoff Julia , De Giorgis Valentina , Orcesi Simona , Peer Kyle , Ulrick Nicole , Woidill Sarah , Shults Justine , Vanderver Adeline
Published: September 2019

Aicardi Goutières syndrome is a monogenic interferonopathy caused by abnormalities in the intracellular nucleic acid sensing machinery ( TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1, or IFIH1). Most individuals affected by Aicardi Goutières syndrome exhibit some degree of neurologic impairment, from spastic paraparesis with relatively preserved cognition to tetraparesis and severe intellectual disability. Because of this heterogeneity, it is important to fully characterize the developmental trajectory in Aicardi Goutières syndrome. To characterize the clinical presentation in Aicardi Goutières syndrome, early features were collected from an international cohort of children (n = 100) with genetically confirmed Aicardi Goutières syndrome. There was a heterogeneous age of onset, with overlapping clusters of presenting symptoms: altered mental status, systemic inflammatory symptoms, and acute neurologic disability. Next, we created genotype-specific developmental milestone acquisition curves. Individuals with microcephaly or TREX1-related Aicardi Goutières syndrome secondary were the most severely affected and less likely to reach milestones, including head control, sitting, and nonspecific mama/dada. Individuals affected by SAMHD1, IFIH1, and ADAR attained the most advanced milestones, with 44% achieving verbal communication and 31% independently ambulating. Retrospective function scales (Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System) demonstrated that two-thirds of the Aicardi Goutières syndrome population are severely affected. Our results suggest multifactorial influences on developmental trajectory, including a strong contribution from genotype. Further studies are needed to identify the additional factors that influence overall outcomes to better counsel families and to design clinical trials with appropriate clinical endpoints.
Campus Sexual Assault Policies: A Feminist Policy Analysis Framework
Authors: Driessen Molly C.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to conduct a feminist-based policy analysis to examine the role of power in campus sexual assault policies. This research investigated the role of power in campus policies that are in response to addressing sexual assault using a feminist policy analysis framework. McPhail’s (2003) Feminist-Based Policy Analysis Framework was used to study the policy-setting documents authored by the United States (U.S.) Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights and White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault that was established in 2014. Together, these documents encompass the federal guidelines for college campuses’ compliance, rights, and responsibility under Title IX. The Framework provides four questions to consider when analyzing the role of power within a policy. Several strengths of the policies are identified as well as tension between the power of institutions versus the power of student survivors, specifically in mandatory reporting policies. Implications for social work research, practice, and policy are explored along with identifying the study’s limitations and future research suggestions.
1968 Is Not What It Used to Be
Authors: Grudzińska Gross Irena
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Generation ’68 in Poland (with a Czechoslovak Comparative Perspective).

The article presents the chronology of the events of 1968 in Poland and reviews their past and present interpretations. The perspective is that of a participant in the events and an engaged scholar. Eight versions of what happened are discussed, including those of conspiracy and provocation. The change in focus of the 1968 anniversary celebrations from exclusively Polish to predominantly Jewish is also analyzed.
Generation ’68 in Poland (with a Czechoslovak Comparative Perspective): Introduction
Authors: Jasiewicz Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Generation ’68 in Poland (with a Czechoslovak Comparative Perspective).

This is the introduction to a special section “Generation ’68 in Poland (with a Czechoslovak Comparative Perspective).” The author analyzes the concept of “generation” and introduces the articles that compose this collection.
Social Media as an Alternative to Surveys of Opinions About the Economy
Authors: Conrad Frederick G. , Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A. , Ferg Robyn A. , Schober Michael F. , Pasek Josh , Hou Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

There is interest in using social media content to supplement or even substitute for survey data. In one of the first studies to test the feasibility of this idea, O’Connor, Balasubramanyan, Routledge, and Smith report reasonably high correlations between the sentiment of tweets containing the word “jobs” and survey-based measures of consumer confidence in 2008–2009. Other researchers report a similar relationship through 2011, but after that time it is no longer observed, suggesting such tweets may not be as promising an alternative to survey responses as originally hoped. But, it’s possible that with the right analytic techniques, the sentiment of “jobs” tweets might still be an acceptable alternative. To explore this, we first classify “jobs” tweets into categories whose content is either related to employment or not, to see whether sentiment of the former correlates more highly with a survey-based measure of consumer sentiment. We then compare the relationship when sentiment is determined with traditional dictionary-based methods versus newer machine learning-based tools developed for Twitter-like texts. We calculated daily sentiment in three different ways and used a measure of association less sensitive to outliers than correlation. None of these approaches improved the size of the relationship in the original or more recent data. We found that the many micro-decisions these analyses require, such as the size of the smoothing interval and the length of the lag between the two series, can significantly affect the outcomes. In the end, despite the earlier promise of tweets as an alternative to survey responses, we find no evidence that the original relationship in these data was more than a chance occurrence.
Interactive Effects of Physical Activity and Cognitive Activity on Cognition in Older Adults Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia
Authors: Halloway Shannon , Schoeny Michael E. , Wilbur JoEllen , Barnes Lisa L.
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to test effects of interactions between accelerometer-measured physical activity and self-reported cognitive activity on cognition in older adults without cognitive impairment. Method: Participants were 742 older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed annual clinical evaluations. A series of parallel growth models tested effects of interactions between physical activity and cognitive activity on cognition (global index, five domains) at Year 5, controlling for demographics, health factors, and corresponding cognition measures at Year 1. Results: Results were mixed, with significant physical and cognitive activity interactive effects for working and semantic memory. In models without interactions, higher physical and cognitive activities at Year 1 and less decline in cognitive activity over time were independently associated with better cognition at Year 5. Discussion: These findings may inform interventions that enhance physical and cognitive activities to prevent cognitive impairment in older adults.
App use frequency and condomless anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Wu Zunyou , Chen Zihuang , Ma Yue , Mi Guodong , Liu Xuejiao , Xu Jie , Rou Keming , Zhao Yan , Scott Sarah R
Published: September 2019

Gay dating applications (apps) are popular among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. This study examined the relationship between gay dating app use frequency and condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in a sample of MSM in Beijing. In October 2017, a web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM from Beijing, China. Demographics, frequency of app use, and sexual behaviors were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between app use frequency and CAI. Of the 9280 participants, the proportion of CAI within one month prior to the survey was 43.3%, and 43.7% logged onto the app ≥11 times per week. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, logging onto the app 6–10 times per week and ≥11 times per week were inversely associated with CAI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.88 [95%CI, 0.78–0.99]; AOR = 0.88 [95%CI, 0.82–0.97], respectively). Among those 40 years of age or older, logging onto the app ≥11 times per week was associated with lower rates of CAI (AOR = 0.57 [95%CI, 0.40–0.81]). Results indicate that frequent app use was associated with lower odds of CAI among MSM in Beijing, China. Innovative interventions, which take advantage of this popular media platform, should be developed as such apps have been found to reduce the odds of CAI in Beijing.
Associations between physical inactivity, major depressive disorder, and alcohol use disorder in people living with HIV in a Ugandan fishing community
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Byansi Peter , Kinyanda Eugene , Namutebi Hilda , Nalukenge Lillian , Bbosa Richard S , Ward Philip B , Mugisha James
Published: September 2019

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore which variables were associated with physical inactivity in people living with HIV living in a fishing community in Uganda. Secondary aims were to explore the reasons for and barriers to physical activity (PA). Two hundred and fifty-six individuals living with HIV (77 men, 40.5 ± 10.3 years) completed the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Women had a 1.62 (95% CI = 1.01–2.57), those not having a job a 2.81 (95% CI = 2.00–3.94), and those with depression a 5.67 (95% CI = 2.27–14.17) higher odds for not being physically active for 150 min/week at moderate intensity. Employment and depression status were the only independent significant predictors explaining 27.2% of the PAVS variance. Becoming more healthy and energetic again and reducing stress were the most important PA motives, and musculoskeletal pain, body weakness, and lack of time were the most important PA barriers.
Cervical gonorrhea in a transgender man post hysterectomy
Authors: Katz Alan R , Hahn Sharon A , Tomas Juval E , Komeya Alan Y
Published: September 2019

A 40-year-old transgender man presented to the Hawaii Department of Health with a one-day history of vaginal discharge. Testing of all exposed sites revealed vaginal and rectal gonorrhea. While he reported a total hysterectomy, pelvic examination revealed a cervix. Review of medical records documented a subtotal hysterectomy; however, the patient had not been screened for cervical cancer or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for several years after surgery. Transgender men who have sex with cisgender men are at increased risk for HIV and STIs and should be screened at least annually for HIV and STIs from all exposed sites. STI data on transgender men are extremely limited. This case report highlights unmet needs of this population.
Efficiency limits of fans
Authors: Bamberger Konrad , Carolus Thomas
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this work is to identify upper efficiency limits of industrial fans such as axial rotor-only fans, axial with guide vanes, centrifugal rotor-only and centrifugal with volute. The efficiency limit is always a function of the class, the design point within the class and the definition of efficiency (total-to-static and total-to-total). The characteristic Reynolds number is another relevant parameter. First, based on analytical and empirical loss models, a theoretical efficiency limit is estimated. A set of idealizing assumptions in the loss models yields efficiencies which are assumed to be an insuperable limit but may be unrealistically high. Second, more realistic efficiency limits are estimated using a computational fluid dynamics-based optimization scheme, seeking for the best designs and hence the maximum achievable efficiencies in all classes. Given the self-imposed constraints in the geometrical parameter space considered, the thus-obtained practical efficiency limits can only be exceeded by admitting more complex geometries of the fans.
Investigating the influence of meteorological factors on particulate matters: A case study based on path analysis
Authors: Qin Ya-Gao , Yi Chen , Dong Guo-Liu , Min Jian-Zhang
Published: September 2019

The meteorological factors play an important role to influence the concentration of the particulate matters. The path analysis method is employed to investigate the influence of meteorological factors (including atmospheric temperature ( AT), relative humidity ( RH), and wind speed ( WS)) on particulate matters (including PM2.5 and PM10) in Dazhou city. The following results are obtained: (1) The direct path coefficients of AT, RH, and WS to PM2.5 and PM10 are all negative, which means that the concentration of particulate matters would be declined following with the increasing of AT, RH, and WS. (2) The meteorological factors would explain about 17.43 and 16.52% variance of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. However, 82.57% variance of PM2.5 and 83.48% variance of PM10 would be determined by non-meteorological factors. (3) AT and WS are the most important meteorological factors to modulate the concentration of particulate matters. AT would explain 12.73 and 8.78% variance of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. WS would explain 6.54 and 8.69% variance of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. (4) According to the absolute value of the determination coefficients, the main influence on the concentration of PM2.5 is the direct influence by AT and the impact on the concentration of PM10 is by the combined contribution of meteorological factors.
Knowledge, Awareness and Perception on Malaria in Tribal Regions of Vadodara District, Gujarat (India)
Authors: Bhatt Bindu , Joshi Janak P.
Published: September 2019

Malaria affects health and general well-being of many people in the developing world. In India also, malaria is a major public health problem. It continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many tropical regions of the world, despite global efforts to eradicate the disease. To achieve the targets of reducing malaria prevalence and preventing malaria epidemic, it is essential to have active community participation. Therefore, clear understanding of the Knowledge, Awareness and Perception (KAPs) of a particular community can help in framing the policy of prevention and promotion of any malaria control measure. In this context, the decision makers in the health sector are recognizing the importance of community’s KAPs on malaria and, thus, is gaining stimulus as one of the methods for malaria control. KAPs, however, play an important role in the improvement of health and health-seeking behaviour of a disease-burdened group.

This study, therefore, investigates a local community’s KAPs on malaria in tribal areas of Vadodara District. The KAP investigates the community’s understanding of malaria transmission, their recognition of signs and symptoms, their treatment-seeking behaviours and community preventive measures and practices.
Understanding the Rohingya Crisis and the Failure of Human Rights Norm in Myanmar: Possible Policy Responses
Authors: Islam Md. Shariful
Published: September 2019

How can one understand the genealogy of the Rohingyas? How did the Myanmar state frame the Rohingyas? What factors led to the failure of the human rights norm in the case of the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar? How can this crisis be addressed? This article investigates these questions and argues that Rohingyas were living in the Rakhine state of Myanmar throughout centuries. They were dehumanized and systematically excluded by the government of Myanmar over a long time. The article also argues that Myanmar state was not interested in complying with the international norms of human rights in case of Rohingya crisis due to the prevailing domestic structure of the country, lack of political opportunities at the national, regional, and global levels, and the narrowly defined national interests of the major powers. In this context, possibilities need to be created to address the Rohingya crisis. Thus, the role of the international community, including China, India, Russia, the United Nations, and the European Union, becomes critical.
Recurrent Pleomorphic Myxoid Liposarcoma in a Patient With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Zare Somaye Y. , Leivo Mariah , Fadare Oluwole
Published: September 2019

Pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma is an extremely rare, clinically aggressive subtype of liposarcoma that has been primarily reported in young patients. In this article, we report a case of a pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma that presented as a second primary neoplasm in a 34-year-old man with history of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. During the clinical workup, the patient was diagnosed with a germline TP53 gene mutation and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The tumor, a 2.9 × 2.3 × 2.0 cm well-demarcated and solid mass, was centered in the anterior chest wall soft tissue. Histologically, most of the tumor displayed abundantly myxoid stroma, low cellularity of mostly bland spindle cells, delicate branching capillaries, and lipoblasts; these areas transitioned to small areas whose features were reminiscent of pleomorphic liposarcoma. As assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the tumor showed no DDIT3 ( CHOP) (12q13) rearrangements or MDM2 gene amplification. Clinically, the tumor progressed with multiple recurrences and metastasis to the humerus bone. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma diagnosed in an adult with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.