bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Succession of Farmers’ Perceptions of Transitioning Landscapes – A Case Study of Agroforestry in the Middle Hills of Nepal
Authors: McGunnigle Nicola , Bardsley Douglas , Nuberg Ian , Cedamon Edwin , Pandit Bishnu Hari
Published: July 2023

Out-migration from small-scale agricultural holdings in Nepal’s middle hills is resulting in forest succession on abandoned land. Such early landscape transitions are often guided by policy to maintain a productivist path. However, farming households in rural Nepal are themselves transitioning from their dependence and attachment to the land. The walk and talk methodology was selected to follow up socioecological surveys with farmers in the middle hills to understand perceptions of forest succession on abandoned agricultural land. This participatory research methodology engages people in their own socio-ecological context – with farmers leading researchers along paths that advances dialogue over the course of the interview. Based on analysis of the discussions and observations of attitudes, perceptions of changing landuse and benefits associated with forest succession evolved with time since land abandonment. Early stage perceptions that focused on the loss of previously productive land developed over time to include attitudes of tolerance, acceptance and even commendation of the rewards gained from tree resources. The results infer that adaptation to the changing landscape is a continuous process that requires reflexive policies and supporting institutions that enable stages of adjustment during transition. Transition management that anticipates actors’ concerns from the outset could assist transformation of agricultural landscapes and improve resilience in the socio-ecological system for sustainable livelihood outcomes. Opportunities within each stage of transition, which include the promotion of successional agroforestry systems, require different forms of support as farmers adapt their outlooks to alternative landscapes and livelihoods that can create resilience through diversity.
Line Managers’ Perspectives and Responses when Employees Burn Out
Authors: Claeys M. , Van den Broeck A. , Houkes I. , de Rijk A.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Little is known about whether burnout can be stopped at an emerging stage. To develop this knowledge, we focus on line managers’ perspectives and responses when an employee who seems to be heading for burnout is still at work.

Methods

We interviewed 17 line managers working in the educational and health care sectors, who had been confronted with the sickness absence of at least one employee due to burnout in the past. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically.

Results

During the period that the employee seemed to be developing burnout while still at work, line managers experienced three different, successive phases: picking up signals, role-taking, and re-evaluation. Line managers’ personal frame of reference (e.g., having experience with burnout) seemed to influence whether and how they picked up signals of burnout. Line managers not picking up signals, did not take any action. When picking up the signals, the managers however generally took an active role: they started a conversation, changed work tasks, and - at a later stage - adapted the employee’s job description, sometimes without consulting the employee. The managers felt powerless yet learned from the experience when subsequently re-evaluating the period during which employees developed symptoms of burnout. These re-evaluations resulted in an adapted personal frame of reference.

Conclusion

This study shows that improving line managers’ frame of reference, e.g., by organizing meetings and/or training, may help them to detect early signals of burnout and take action. This is a first step to prevent the further development of early burnout symptoms.
Estimating Census Tract House Price Indexes: A New Spatial Dynamic Factor Approach
Authors: Francke Marc , Rolheiser Lyndsey , Van de Minne Alex
Published: July 2023

Geographically and temporally granular housing price indexes are difficult to construct. Data sparseness, in particular, is a limiting factor in their construction. A novel application of a spatial dynamic factor model allows for the construction of census tract level indexes on a quarterly basis while accommodating sparse data. Specifically, we augment the repeat sales model with a spatial dynamic factor model where loadings on latent trends are allowed to follow a spatial random walk thus capturing useful information from similar neighboring markets. The resulting indexes display less noise than similarly constructed non-spatial indexes and replicate indexes from the traditional repeat sales model in tracts where sufficient numbers of repeat sales pairs are available. The granularity and frequency of our indexes is highly useful for policymakers, homeowners, banks and investors.
Distributive Justice, Political Legitimacy, and Independent Central Banks
Authors: Ferret Mas Josep
Published: July 2023

The Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 exacerbated two distinct concerns about the independence of central banks: a concern about legitimacy and a concern about economic justice. This paper explores the legitimacy of independent central banks from the perspective of these two concerns, by presenting two distinct models of central banking and their different claims to political legitimacy and distributive justice. I argue primarily that we should avoid construing central bank independence in binary terms, such that central banks either are, or are not, independent. I will argue that we should instead construe central bank independence in scalar terms, so that independence admits of degree, thus allowing us to develop an account of independence in which central banks can retain it to the extent necessary for economic efficiency, while meeting reasonable concerns regarding democratic legitimacy and economic justice.
Worries About Philosopher Experts
Authors: Holst Cathrine
Published: July 2023

Well-functioning modern democracies depend largely on expert knowledge and expert arrangements, but this expertise reliance also causes severe problems for their legitimacy. Somewhat surprisingly, moral and political philosophers have come to play an increasing role as experts in contemporary policymaking. The paper discusses different epistemic and democratic worries raised by the presence of philosopher experts in contemporary governance, relying on a broad review of existing studies, and suggests measures to alleviate them. It is argued that biases philosophers are vulnerable to may contribute to reducing the quality of their advice, and that the characteristics of philosophers’ expertise, and controversies around what their competences amount to, make it hard to distinguish proper from less proper philosopher experts. Reliance on philosopher experts may also intensify democratic worries not least due to the depoliticization pressures that the introduction of ethics expertise tends to give rise to. Still, philosophers have competences and orientations that policy discussions and democratic deliberations are likely to profit from. Worries about philosopher experts may moreover be mitigated by means of a proper design of expert arrangements. Confronted with the genuine epistemic risks and democratic challenges of contemporary governance any quick fix is obviously unavailable, but when institutionalized in the right way philosophers’ involvement in present-day policymaking bears significant promise.
Direct oral anticoagulants vs vitamin K antagonist on dementia risk in atrial fibrillation: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Branco Diogo R. , Alves Mariana , Severiano E Sousa Catarina , Costa João , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Caldeira Daniel
Published: July 2023

Oral anticoagulation significantly reduces the incidence of dementia in atrial fibrillation patients. However, this protective effect has not been compared between Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC) and Vitamin K antagonists’ anticoagulants (VKA). We conducted an electronic search for potentially eligible studies through the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE and Web of Science. The outcome of interest was dementia. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Nine observational studies were included and 1,175,609 atrial fibrillation patients were enrolled. DOAC therapy was associated with a significant reduction when compared with patients under VKA therapy (hazard ratio 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.80–0.99). The grade of confidence of our results was very low due to the risk of bias. DOAC therapy is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of dementia when compared with VKA therapy. However, the low certainty of the evidence along with the paucityof clinical trials dedicated to answering this important question underscores a need for global clinical research initiatives.
Iron from Lignite Mining Increases Phosphorus Fixation in Sediments, but Does Not Affect Trophic States of Lakes Along River Spree (Germany)
Authors: Kommana Giulia , Grüneberg Björn , Hupfer Michael
Published: July 2023

To mitigate lake eutrophication, phosphorus (P) availability can be managed by iron (Fe) amendments, which bind P in the water column and settle as Fe oxy-hydroxides. In the fluvial-lacustrine system Spree, Fe oxy-hydroxides enter lakes due to lignite mining in the Lusatian Area (NE Germany). We hypothesized that the amount of P that can be retained from the water column by sediments is positively correlated with their iron content. Column experiments were used to investigate uptake and release of P in the sediments under oxic and anoxic conditions in three downstream lakes (Lake Neuendorfer See, Lake Glower See, Lake Müggelsee) with decreasing mining influence and thus iron loads, and one nearby non-mining-affected lake (Lake Schwielochsee). In lakes interconnected by River Spree, the cumulative P uptake in sediments increased significantly with increasing sedimentary Fe concentrations under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Only the sediments of Lake Glower See had higher P uptake under anoxic than oxic conditions, most likely due to vivianite formation. The net P sedimentation was higher with higher Fe concentration and higher under oxic than anoxic conditions. However, the lakes are classified as eutrophic because although the sediments of the Spree lakes can store further P, this additional P uptake is of little relevance for the P budget in highly P-loaded lakes with short water residence times (10–100 d), as is typical for fluvial-lacustrine systems.
Ethnic Diversity and Social Integration—What are the Consequences of Ethnic Residential Boundaries and Halos for Social Integration in Germany?
Authors: Jünger Stefan , Schaeffer Merlin
Published: July 2023

Does immigration erode the social integration of contemporary mass-scale societies? Continued immigration and corresponding growing ethnic, racial, and religious diversity have prompted this important and highly controversial question. This article gives a brief introduction to the scientific literature on this question and derives from it the following gap that it seeks to address: According to a small number of studies on related but different topics, immigration may be detrimental to social integration if it physically manifests as one of two specific types of ethnic residential segregation. The contested boundaries hypothesis has it that border regions sandwiched between ethnically defined neighborhoods are particularly conflict prone and characterized by increased rates of crime. The halo-effect hypothesis claims that majority members who live in homogenous mainstream neighborhoods that border on ethnically diverse ones (or are even encircled by them) are more likely to vote for right-wing populist parties. In this article, we expand both approaches to the study of social integration in theoretical and empirical terms. With respect to theory building, we discuss why social integration, as indicated by social trust and community attachment, should suffer from these two types of ethnic segregation. To test these claims empirically, we use data from the geo-coded German General Social Survey (ALLBUS/GGSS) 2016 and 2018 that we merge with 100-m × 100‑m spatial grid data from the German Census 2011. These data allow us to apply edge detection techniques to identify ethnic residential boundaries, and our recently developed donut-method to measure ethnic residential halos. To our knowledge our study is the first investigation into the arguably important question whether ethnic residential boundaries and halos erode social integration.
Impact of exosome therapy on pancreatic cancer and its progression
Authors: El-Tanani Mohamed , Nsairat Hamdi , Matalka Ismail I. , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Mishra Vijay , Mishra Yachana , Naikoo Gowhar A. , Chava Sai Raghuveer , Charbe Nitin B. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive tumors, has a dismal prognosis because of the low rates of early identification, fast progression, difficulties following surgery, and the ineffectiveness of current oncologic therapies. There are no imaging techniques or biomarkers that can accurately identify, categorize, or predict the biological behavior of this tumor. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play a crucial rule in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. They have been verified to be potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer management. Studying the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer is substantial. Exosomes are secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participated in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, etc., play a crucial role in regulating tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in the process of cancer development, and can be used as a prognostic marker and/or grading basis for tumor patients. Hereby, in this concise review, we intend to summarize exosomes components and isolation, exosome secretion, function, importance of exosomes in the progression of pancreatic cancer and exosomal miRNAs as possible pancreatic cancer biomarkers. Finally, the application potential of exosomes in the treatment of pancreatic cancer,which provides theoretical supports for using exosomes to serve precise tumor treatment in the clinic, will be discussed.
Preservice physical education teachers’ beliefs about sustainable development in physical education—scale development and validation
Authors: Lohmann Julia , Nigg Carina , Hertle Isabel , Kugelmann Christoph
Published: July 2023

Climate change poses a major challenge to people and ecosystems and calls for action across all areas to contribute to a sustainable transformation of society. To shape this transformation, it is crucial that teachers implement education for sustainable development (ESD) in schools for a more sustainable future generation, which also applies to physical education (PE) teachers. However, little is known about PE teachers’ beliefs, a key dimension of professional competence, regarding the implementation of ESD in PE. Hence, the goal of this study was to 1) develop a scale to capture PE teachers’ beliefs about the relevance of sustainable development generally and in the context of PE, and 2) investigate its psychometric properties and criterion validity. The analysis using exploratory structural equation modeling in a cross-sectional sample of 206 preservice teachers resulted in a 10-item instrument with good psychometric properties (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.976; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.047; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.057) and reliability across three factors: a) general beliefs about the relevance of sustainable development, b) positive, and c) critical subject-specific beliefs about sustainable development in PE. Based on the value-belief-norm theory, criterion validity was confirmed through associations between biospheric values and beliefs. We conclude that the newly developed scale is appropriate for assessing PE teacher’s beliefs about the implementation of ESD in PE.
Posing and Solving Modelling Problems—Extending the Modelling Process from a Problem Posing Perspective
Authors: Hartmann Luisa-Marie , Krawitz Janina , Schukajlow Stanislaw
Published: July 2023

In mathematics education, pre-formulated modelling problems are used to teach mathematical modelling. However, in out-of-school scenarios problems have to be identified and posed often first before they can be solved. Despite the ongoing emphasis on the activities involved in solving given modelling problems, little is known about the activities involved in developing and solving own modelling problems and the connection between these activities. To help fill this gap, we explored the modelling process from a problem posing perspective by asking the questions: (1) What activities are involved in developing modelling problems? and (2) What activities are involved in solving self-generated modelling problems? To answer these research questions, we conducted a qualitative study with seven pre-service teachers. The pre-service teachers were asked to pose problems that were based on given real-world situations and to solve their self-generated problems while thinking aloud. We analyzed pre-service teachers’ developing and subsequent solving phases with respect to the problem posing and modelling activities they were engaged in. Based on theories of problem posing and modelling, we developed an integrated process-model of posing and solving own modelling problems and validated it in the present study. The results indicate that posing own modelling problems might foster important modelling activities. The integrated process-model of developing and solving own modelling problems provides the basis for future research on modelling problems from a problem posing perspective.
Multimetal bioremediation from aqueous solution using dead biomass of Mucor sp. NRCC6 derived from detergent manufacturing effluent
Authors: El-Gendy Mervat Morsy Abass Ahmed , Abdel-Moniem Shimaa M. , Ammar Nabila S. , El-Bondkly Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Among ten metal-tolerant fungal isolates obtained from the microbiomes of detergent industry effluent, Mucor sp. NRCC6 showed the highest tolerance and an adaptive behavior toward the heavy metals Ni2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. It gave the highest growth rates 0.790 ± 0.59, 0.832 ± 0.32, 0.774 ± 0.40, and 0.741 ± 1.06 mm/h along with the lowest growth inhibition 9.19, 4.37, 11.04, and 14.83% in the presence of Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+, respectively, at a concentration of 5.0 g/L. Then, Mucor sp. NRCC6 was selected as a biotrap for the removal of these heavy metals. The optimized operating conditions were detected to be pH 6.0 for Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ and pH 5.5 for Ni2+ at 30 °C; agitation speed 150 rpm; contact time 30 min for Mn2+ and Ni2+, 30–60 min for Pb2+, and 90–180 min for Zn2+; NRCC6 biomass dosage 5.0 g/L for Ni2+ and Pb2+ and 10.0 g/L for Mn2+ and Zn2+; and initial concentration 12 mg/L of each ion in the multimetal aqueous solutions. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity for Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ reached 98.75, 59.25, 58.33, and 50.83%. The Langmuir isotherm was the best for describing the adsorption of Zn2+ (0.970) and Mn2+ (0.977). The Freundlich isotherm significantly giving a good fit to the adsorption of Pb2+ (0.998) while the adsorption of Ni2+ onto NRCC6 biomass can follow DKR (0.998). Furthermore, the current study revealed that Mucor sp. NRCC6 fungus is a new efficient and eco-friendly method that revealed a maximum removal of 100% for Pb2+ and Zn2+ as well as 97.39, 88.70, 78.95, 74.0, 70.22, 68.57, and 60.0% for Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, As2+, and Cr6+ from the industrial wastewater, respectively.
Modulation of miR-146b by N6-methyladenosine modification remodels tumor-associated macrophages and enhances anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: He Shuying , Song Wen , Cui Shudan , Li Jiating , Jiang Yonghong , Chen Xueqing , Peng Liang
Published: July 2023

Purpose

MicroRNA-146b (miR-146b) alleviates experimental colitis in mice by mediating macrophage polarization and the release of inflammatory factors. Our goals were to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of miR-146b in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

We used murine models of CRC to evaluate whether miR-146b influenced the progression of tumors independent of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RNA immunoprecipitation, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA immunoprecipitation and in vitro pri-miRNA processing assays were conducted to examine whether m6A mediates the maturation of pri-miR-146b/miR-146b. In a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further defined the molecular mechanisms of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)/miR-146b-mediated antitumor immunity and its efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Results

We found that miR-146b deletion supported tumor progression by increasing the number of alternatively activated (M2) TAMs. Mechanistically, the m6A-related “writer” protein METTL3 and “reader” protein HNRNPA2B1 controlled miR-146b maturation by regulating the m6A modification region of pri-miR-146b. Furthermore, miR-146b deletion promoted the polarization of M2-TAMs by enhancing phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, and this effect was mediated by the class IA PI3K catalytic subunit p110β, which reduced T cell infiltration, aggravated immunosuppression and ultimately promoted tumor progression. METTL3 knockdown or miR-146b deletion induced programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) production via the p110β/PI3K/AKT pathway in TAMs and consequently augmented the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Conclusions

The maturation of pri-miR-146b is m6A-dependent, and miR-146b deletion-mediated TAM differentiation promotes the development of CRC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which induces upregulation of PD-L1 expression, inhibits T cell infiltration into the TME and enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The findings reveal that targeting miR-146b can serve as an adjuvant to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Temporal associations between experiential avoidance and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: findings from an epidemiological cohort study with ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Peschel Stephanie K. V. , Fürtjes Sophia , Voss Catharina , Sigrist Christine , Berwanger Johanna , Ollmann Theresa M. , Kische Hanna , Rückert Frank , Koenig Julian , Beesdo-Baum Katja
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Previous studies linking experiential avoidance (EA) and eating pathology have largely relied on single measurements based on traditional retrospective questionnaires. Taking advantage of available repeated assessments of EA and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the everyday lives of young people from an epidemiological cohort, we aimed to investigate ecologically valid temporal associations between these constructs.

Methods

A random population sample of N = 1180 14–21-year-olds from Dresden, Germany, participated at baseline (2015/2016). As part of smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants reported on engagement in EA and four DEBs (skipping eating, eating large amounts of food, loss-of-control eating, and restrained eating) up to eight times per day for four days. Multilevel modeling of concurrent and time-lagged associations between EA and DEBs, was conducted among those with at least 50% EMA-compliance (n = 1069).

Results

EA was associated with higher concurrent levels of all four types of concurrent DEBs. In addition, EA significantly predicted subsequent levels of restrained eating. Only loss-of-control eating significantly predicted subsequent EA, and this effect depended on the timespan between consecutive assessments. When this timespan was short, higher Loss-of-control eating predicted lower subsequent EA, while it predicted higher subsequent EA when the timespan was longer.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest that EA is temporally closely linked to greater engagement in DEBs, supporting theoretical assumptions that DEBs may serve an attempted avoidance function in the context of unpleasant inner experiences. Future studies may benefit from examining samples with more pronounced eating pathology.

Level of evidence

Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.
Community attachment as a factor in the subjective well-being of older adults in urban and rural areas: a case study in Tokyo, Osaka, and Shikoku region in Japan
Authors: Seo Yuna
Published: July 2023

This study explored the relationship between community participation/community attachment and subjective well-being (SWB) among Japanese older adults. The study was conducted in Japanese urban (Tokyo and Osaka) and rural (Shikoku region) areas. Structural equation modelling was performed to assess the potential relationship between community participation, community attachment and SWB. Results showed that community participation and community attachment were positively associated in both areas. However, community attachment had a significant impact on SWB only in rural areas with little impact on increasing SWB in urban areas. We conclude that the role of community attachment varies according to regions with different socioeconomic properties. These findings contribute to the design of detailed region-specific initiatives to improve SWB of older adults.
Covariance analysis of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits around Phobos with applications to the Martian Moons eXploration mission
Authors: Ciccarelli Edoardo , Baresi Nicola
Published: July 2023

Understanding the internal composition of a celestial body is fundamental for formulating theories regarding its origin. Deep knowledge of the distribution of mass under the body’s crust can be achieved by analyzing its moments of inertia and gravity field. In this regard, the two moons of the Martian system have not yet been closely studied and continue to pose questions regarding their origin to the space community; thus, they deserve further characterization. The Martian Moons eXploration mission will be the first of its kind to sample and study Phobos over a prolonged period. This study aims to demonstrate that the adoption of periodic and quasi-periodic retrograde trajectories would be beneficial for the scientific value of the mission. Here, a covariance analysis was implemented to compare the estimation of high-order gravitational field coefficients from different orbital geometries and for different sets of processed observables. It was shown that the adoption of low-altitude non-planar quasi-satellite orbits would help to refine the knowledge of the moon’s libration angle and gravitational field.
Representations of Mathematics Education in Swedish Newspapers—Part of the Structural Influence on Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Grundén Helena , Isberg Jenny
Published: July 2023

There is an ongoing public debate about mathematics education. This dialogue influences policymakers as well as mathematics teachers who are affected by these public ideas. Consequently, exploring the public debate, for example, by studying news media, is relevant for understanding teaching and learning in mathematics and also pertinent for researchers to actively participate in the debate about mathematics education. Representations of mathematics education, which emerged in a study of three national newspapers in Sweden, were explored. Articles relevant to the study were found in systematic searches in a media archive every fifth year between 1992 and 2017. Findings show that the construction of mathematics education in Swedish newspapers is multifaceted and complex, foregrounded by achievements, measurements and various forms of teaching. Other parts of the construction involve teachers wanting to arouse positive feelings, but their attempts are often unsuccessful. Whilst the construction of mathematics education is increasingly varied, the resulting positive and negative feelings and the tensions between representations contribute new insights, which are important to the field.

L’enseignement des mathématiques fait constamment l’objet d’un débat public. Cette discussion influence les décideurs politiques ainsi que les enseignants de mathématiques touchés par ces idées échangées dans le domaine public. Par conséquent, afin de comprendre l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des mathématiques, en plus de faciliter la participation active des chercheurs à la conversation portant sur l’enseignement des mathématiques, il est pertinent d’étudier ce débat public, par exemple en examinant les médias d’information. Ainsi, nous avons analysé les représentations faites de l’enseignement des mathématiques qui sont ressorties de l’examen de trois journaux nationaux en Suède. Des recherches systématiques effectuées dans des archives médiatiques tous les cinq ans entre 1992 et 2017 ont permis d’identifier des articles pertinents à cette étude. Les résultats montrent que la conception de l’enseignement des mathématiques dans les journaux suédois est multiforme et complexe, qu’elle met l’accent sur les réalisations, les évaluations et diverses formes d’enseignement. D’autres éléments incluent le fait que les enseignants veulent susciter des sentiments positifs, mais que leurs tentatives sont souvent infructueuses. L’accent placé sur les réalisations et les évaluations est conforme aux études antérieures menées au Canada; alors que la représentation de l’enseignement des mathématiques est de plus en plus variée, les sentiments positifs et négatifs qui en résultent, ainsi que les tensions entre les représentations, apportent de nouvelles perspectives, importantes pour le domaine.
Linear Macropore Installation to Reduce Red-Soil Erosion in Sugarcane Fields
Authors: Morioka Eisei , Bui Thanh Long , Mori Yasushi , Osawa Kazutoshi , Hoshikawa Akira
Published: July 2023

This study determines the cause of soil erosion in red soils in sugarcane fields, especially even with the use of subsoiling fissures, and to compare the effectiveness of a novel artificial linear-macropore with the insertion of fibrous material into the fractures. Four column treatments (tillage, subsoiling, linear-macropore with plant residue fillings, and no-tillage-with-mulching) were established. A subsoiler was used to break up hard soil layers to enhance infiltration, whereas mulching reduced the impact of raindrops on the soil. Sugarcane residue was inserted in the empty fissure to reinforce the structure, making linear macropore. Simulated rainfall with 20 mmh−1 was applied to the soil surface for 6 h per day for two days. Surface runoff, soil erosion, and drainage were measured during each run. Erosion was minimal (1/7 reduction), and bottom drainage was observed in the linear-macropore and no-tillage-with-mulching plots. Conversely, due to the formation of an impermeable layer or surface crust, high erosion (0.282 t-C ha−1 yr−1) and decreased drainage levels were detected in the subsoiling and tillage plots. Moreover, the aboveground protrusion of fibrous material at the linear-macropore maintained infiltration, even following crust formation. Field application of these four management strategies revealed the effectiveness of linear-macropore and mulching in reducing surface flow. Linear-macropore application maintains appropriate levels of infiltration, and insertion of plant residue fillings reinforces the macropore structure while also avoiding clogging. Hence, the linear-macropore scheme may represent an effective strategy for reducing surface runoff and red soil erosion.
Metaphor, Metonymy, the Body and the Environment
Authors: Littlemore Jeannette , Bolognesi Marianna , Warpakowski Nina Julich , Danny Leung Chung-hong , Sobrino Paula Perez
Published: July 2023

By exploring the associations that people make between emotions and colours, looking at how they vary across languages, and exploring the explanations that people provide for the associations that they make, this Element provides insight into the ways in which humans express emotions through colour, and the reasons why they do so. Metaphoric (and metonymic) language and thought play a key role on several levels in the formation of emotion–colour associations, interacting with physical, environmental and social factors. A strong metaphorical connection between the valence of the emotion and the lightness of the colours with which it is associated, and between the intensity of an emotion and the saturation level of the colours with which it is associated is found. However, the strength of this association varies according to the linguistic background of the speaker, and the gender in which the emotion is presented.
Post-Keynesian essays from down under: Theory and policy in an historical context
Authors: Kerr Prue
Published: July 2023

‘Post-Keynesian’ became an umbrella term for those heterodox economists wanting to move away from the dominant neo-classical paradigm but not comfortable with another umbrella term of ‘political economy’. This review is about the contributions to understanding societal and economic change from an established and internationally recognised group of post-Keynesian economists. Many of the features which differentiate them from other, and sometimes fluid, subsets of post-Keynesian economists derive from their Kaleckian inspiration.
Calculation of internal-wave-driven instability and vortex shedding along a flat bottom
Authors: Ellevold Thea J. , Grue John
Published: July 2023

The instability and vortex shedding in the bottom boundary layer caused by internal solitary waves of depression propagating along a shallow pycnocline of a fluid are computed by finite-volume code in two dimensions. The calculated transition to instability agrees very well with laboratory experiments (Carret al.,Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, issue 6, 2008, 06603) but disagrees with existing computations that give a very conservative instability threshold. The instability boundary expressed by the amplitude depends on the depth$d$of the pycnocline divided by the water depth$H$, and decays by a factor of 2.2 when$d/H$is 0.21, and by a factor of 1.6 when$d/H$is 0.16, and the stratification Reynolds number increases by a factor of 32. The instability occurs at moderate amplitude at large scale. The calculated oscillatory bed shear stress is strong in the wave phase and increases with the scale. Its non-dimensional magnitude at stratification Reynolds number 650 000 is comparable to the turbulent stress that can be extracted from field measurements of internal solitary waves of similar nonlinearity, moving along a pycnocline of similar relative depth.
CLASSICAL DETERMINATE TRUTH I
Authors: FUJIMOTO KENTARO , HALBACH VOLKER
Published: July 2023

We introduce and analyze a new axiomatic theory$\mathsf {CD}$of truth. The primitive truth predicate can be applied to sentences containing the truth predicate. The theory is thoroughly classical in the sense that$\mathsf {CD}$is not only formulated in classical logic, but that the axiomatized notion of truth itself is classical: The truth predicate commutes with all quantifiers and connectives, and thus the theory proves that there are no truth value gaps or gluts. To avoid inconsistency, the instances of the T-schema are restricted todeterminatesentences. Determinateness is introduced as a further primitive predicate and axiomatized. The semantics and proof theory of$\mathsf {CD}$are analyzed.
N-enriched biochar increases carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation associated with changes in plant ecological stoichiometry in subtropical rice paddy fields
Authors: Hei Jie , Yin Xiaolei , Wang Weiqi , Sardans Jordi , Wang Chun , Chen Xiaoxuan , Tariq Akash , Zeng Fanjiang , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Peñuelas Josep
Published: July 2023

N-enriched biochar can increase the accumulation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and biomass in rice plants. On the other hand, the biomass and C, N, and P contents of plant organs are important indicators to reflect plant C, N, and P storages. We established control, 4 t ha−1, and 8 t ha−1 N-enriched biochar treatment plots in a subtropical paddy field in China to investigate the effect of these treatments on C, N, and P storages, ecological stoichiometry in various rice plant organs, and their relationships with edaphic factors. The application of N-enriched biochar increased the biomass and storages of C, N, and P in rice roots, stems, leaves, and grains, mainly at 4 t ha−1. The application of N-enriched biochar decreased the C/N and C/P ratios of rice organs, but increased their N/P ratio. Changes in C/N were mainly due to the changes in storage, while N/P was positively correlated with N storage of stems, leaves, and grains and negatively correlated with P storage in roots. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that pH was negatively correlated, and soil N content was positively correlated with P storage in various organs of rice. In addition, soil P content and chlorophyll were positively correlated with N storage. In conclusion, we found that the application of N-enriched biochar improved plant N and P storage and stoichiometrical relations among rice organs.
Anomalous coupling in radiation mediated shocks
Authors: Levinson Amir , Granot Alon , Vanthieghem Arno , Mahlmann Jens
Published: July 2023

We summarize recent attempts to unravel the role of plasma kinetic effects in radiation mediated shocks. Such shocks form in all strong stellar explosions and are responsible for the early electromagnetic emission released from these events. A key issue that has been overlooked in all previous works is the nature of the coupling between the charged leptons, that mediate the radiation force, and the ions, which are the dominant carriers of the shock energy. Our preliminary investigation indicates that in the case of relativistic shocks, as well as Newtonian shocks in multi-ion plasma, this coupling is driven by either, transverse magnetic fields of a sufficiently magnetized upstream medium, or plasma microturbulence if strong enough magnetic fields are absent. We discuss the implications for the shock breakout signal, as well as abundance evolution and kilonova emission in binary neutron star mergers.
THE FIRST DIPLOMATIC HEADQUARTERS OF KING JOHN V IN ROME: THE BURATTI PALACE AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MELO E CASTRO HOUSEHOLD
Authors: Diez del Corral Pilar
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the arrival in Rome of the Portuguese special envoy D. André de Melo e Castro in 1707. It contemplates the circumstances surrounding the selection of his palace, the training of the members of his household, and certain aspects of Roman ceremonial by analysing the account books preserved in the archives of the Palacio Nacional de Ajuda (Lisbon). Until recently, historiography had only cited two palaces as residences of the diplomat during his long stay in Rome (1707–28): the Cavallerini and the Cesarini palaces. However, this study brings to light an earlier residence, the Buratti palace, and looks at the problems associated with the move to that residence, the decoration and furniture expenses, its implications in terms of the ceremonial deployed ad hoc, and the creation of a network of artisans and artists trusted by Melo.
Elusive decolonisation of IR in the Arab world
Authors: El Kurd Dana
Published: July 2023

Arab social science scholarship, and IR in particular, has been systematically underfunded and sidelined by governments across the region. As such, IR scholars in the Arab world have struggled to produce scholarship in hostile and authoritarian environments, let alone address efforts to decolonise. Of the few initiatives of indigenising social science that exist in the Arab world, the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies (DI) and its founding institution, the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies (ACRPS), are the main examples. In this intervention, I will review the attempts to indigenise and decolonise IR within these institutions. I focus on how the DI is implementing three main approaches: increasing access to the discipline, rethinking how we teach IR, and facilitating theory production from the region. I demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the three abovementioned approaches by drawing attention to performative measures on the part of regional scholars, and pretending localism on the part of scholars in the Global North, which together help to perpetuate neomarginalisation. The shortcomings discussed permeate and distort attempts to decolonise the discipline within the Arab world.
Invisible on the globe but not in the global: Decolonising IR using small island vistas
Authors: Hinds Kristina
Published: July 2023

Teaching and studying International Relations (IR) in the Caribbean makes the region’s invisibility unmissable. Nevertheless, these locales have significantly influenced the structure of global processes and are also acutely affected by global occurrences. Exposure to the global has led Caribbean scholarship to offer worthwhile insights into world affairs. Thinkers from the region and its diaspora provide noteworthy perspectives about the criticality of the Caribbean in building systems of empire and a world structured around race, class, and gender in ways that mainstream IR approaches may miss. This article takes its starting point as the Caribbean intellectual tradition. Grounding IR scholarship in this neglected, though highly pertinent, thought tradition is one angle from which to decolonise the discipline. The article connects these insights to an appraisal of a nimble strategy that Caribbean states and territories employ to navigate the global. The strategy of developing offshore financial centres (OFCs) can educate us about the functioning of the world if we are willing to think about it as embedded in global processes rather than as a problematic gimmick. In sum, this piece illustrates how using Caribbean thought and examining Caribbean global integration strategies can help to decolonise IR.
Decolonising to reimagine International Relations: An introduction
Authors: Sen Somdeep
Published: July 2023

Seeing as colonialism is ubiquitous to where International Relations (IR) comes from, what it explains and who it represents, many have argued that the decolonisation of the discipline is impossible. However, in this agenda-setting introduction, I place decolonisation squarely in the realm of possibility and ask, ‘what would a decolonised field look like?’. In answering this question, the contributions in this forum take point of departure from varied sites within the discipline, as they seek to materialise real change that reimagines what IR is and does as a discipline that was established as a scholarly defence for colonialism. Herein they propose decolonisation as a structure that upends the discipline’s colonial epistemological roots, rethinks core concepts and underlines the need to forefront geographies, peoples, and perspectives that were underrepresented in a colonial discipline. Equally, they recognise that decolonisation is a messy affair, that takes a non-linear trajectory. However, seeing as colonialism did not just inflict material impoverishment but also sought to alienate the colonised from their sense of self, this messiness is only expected. So, rather than be discouraged by this, this forum views the non-linear trajectory to be an unavoidable facet of any attempt at decolonising the discipline.
The role of coping in processes of resilience: The sample case of academic coping during late childhood and early adolescence
Authors: Raine Kristen E. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: July 2023

Developmentalists have increasingly concluded that systems approaches to resilience provide a useful higher-order home for the study of the development of coping. Building on previous work on the complementarity of resilience and coping, this paper had two goals: (1) to propose a set of strategies for examining the role of coping in processes of resilience, and (2) to test their utility in the academic domain, using poor relationships with the teacher as a risk factor, and classroom engagement as an outcome. This study examined whether coping serves as a: (1) promotive factor, supporting positive development at any level of risk; (2) pathway through which risk contributes to development; (3) protective factor that mitigates the effects of risk; (4) reciprocal process generating risk; (5) mechanism through which other promotive factors operate; (6) mechanism through which other protective factors operate; and (7) participant with other supports that shows cumulative or compensatory effects. Analyses showed that academic coping at this age was primarily a mediator of risk and support, and a promotive factor that added to engagement for students with multiple combinations of risk and support. Implications are discussed, along with next steps in exploring the role of coping in processes of resilience.
Non-Pharmacological Cooking Therapy: An Idea for Recovering the Mental Health of Adolescents as Disaster Victims of Mount Merapi Natural Eruption in Yogyakarta (Indonesia)
Authors: Putra Bela Janare , Saputra Rikas , Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi
Published: July 2023

Here discussed is the relevance of non-pharmacological therapy, especially cooking therapy, in supporting the mental health recovery of adolescent disaster victims, especially those affected by the natural eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Role of bilingual experience in children's context-sensitive selective trust strategies
Authors: Yow W. Quin , Li Xiaoqian
Published: July 2023

Early bilingual language experience can enhance children's social-cognitive skills for effective communication. This study examined whether individual variability in bilingual language diversity, measured by language entropy, influenced 3- to 5-year-old children's engagement of contextual information in their selective trust strategies. One-hundred-and-forty Singaporean children (58 girls, Mage = 53.64 months, 97.1% Asian) were presented with an informant who provided either accurate or inaccurate information in a context with either adequate or limited information access. Bilingual children with greater language diversity, compared to those with less language diversity, were more likely to adapt their accuracy-based selective trust strategy to the informant's circumstances (i.e, information access). Results provide new insights into the role of diverse linguistic experiences in shaping children's social cognitive development.
Hysteretic Behavior of Global to Regional Monsoon Area Under CO2 Ramp‐Up and Ramp‐Down
Authors: Paik Seungmok , An Soon‐Il , Min Seung‐Ki , King Andrew D. , Shin Jongsoo
Published: July 2023

When projecting future monsoon changes by carbon dioxide (CO2) pathway, most studies have analyzed precipitation responses without considering monsoon area (total area of monsoon domain, MA) variations. However, how MA responds to CO2 removal remains uncertain. This study evaluates MA variations and impacts in idealized CO2 ramp‐up (toward CO2 quadrupling), ramp‐down, and stabilized simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 1. Global MA negatively overshoots (i.e., recovery with decreasing tendency beyond the original MA) during the ramp‐down period due to reduced or rapidly recovered MA in several regional monsoons, including Northern and Southern Africa, South and East Asia, and South America, showing hysteresis when comparing CO2 ramp‐up and ramp‐down periods despite similar global warming levels. These non‐linear regional MA variations come from distinct regional summer and winter precipitation variations, which are found to be mostly associated with Intertropical Convergence Zone movements and El Niño‐like response. Further, regional monsoon precipitation characteristics also vary through CO2 ramp‐up and ramp‐down periods consistently with overall hysteresis. Changes in total monsoon precipitation resemble the distinct responses of MA. Our results suggest that regions characterized by a monsoonal climate may experience reduced seasonal rainfall variations under net‐negative CO2 emissions.