bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PETA STRATEGI BERIKUT PENJABARANNYA: LESSON LEARNED PENERAPAN BALANCED SCORECARD SEKTOR PUBLIK
Authors: Biswan Ali Tafriji , Aden Salsabiyla
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the strategy map and its translation into strategic targets within the framework of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) strategic management system implementation. The study used a qualitative approach based on document review, observation, interviews, and theoretical review. The study shows that the BSC strategic management system in the study object has been implemented through the translation of vision, mission, and strategy into operational objectives and performance measurement. The BSC system is considered successful in both organizational performance management and individual performance management. There is still a slight weakness in the application of BSC, namely in the preparation of key performance indicators (KPIs) for employee performance contracts, performance managers in the General Subdivision become coordinators and take over the work of all sections on the grounds of uniformity of format. Whereas the employee performance contract should be made by each employee in discussion with their direct supervisor. However, the coordination between the performance manager and the liaison officer of each section is enough to reflect the contribution of each section in the preparation of KPIs.
Reasons and Mechanisms of Development of Mastopathy (Review of Literature)
Authors: Topchubaeva T. , Tukhvatshin R. , Ashfaque Hossain , Mohammad Sainul Hossain , Parvej Musharaf , Kudaiarova A.
Published: January 2024

This review article examines the relationship between various etiological factors in the development of mastopathy. Multiple exogenous and endogenous risk factors disrupt the normal ratio of sex hormones, causing hyperestrogenism and hyperproliferation of the epithelium in breast tissue, which leads to the development of mastopathy. In the presence of polymorphism of coding genes (ESR1 and PRG), mastopathy also increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Disturbances in the ESR1 receptor gene (Estrogen Receptor 1) lead to changes in the sensitivity of receptors to hormones and even to its loss. According to the literature, polymorphism in the intronic region of the ESR1 gene is associated with the risk of fibrocystic mastopathy. The presence of polymorphism of the PRG (Progesterone Receptor Genes) gene may cause the occurrence of defective forms of PR (Progesterone Receptor) with disruption of the ligand- and hormone-binding zones, which is confirmed by the effects of progesterone in tissues. Thus, progesterone deficiency makes possible excessive proliferation of not only epithelial cells, but also the connective tissue component of the mammary gland. In this case, the expression of the progesterone receptor gene is regulated by the level of estrogen. The association of various combinations of predisposition genes indicates the presence of a specific combination of genotypes for each clinical and pathogenetic variant. In proliferative forms of mastopathy, foci with an excess content of estrogen receptors in the epithelium and high activity of cell proliferation and apoptosis are formed in the breast tissue; there is an increase in the content of alpha-estrogen receptors, a change in the relative content of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors, A- and B-progesterone receptors; the sensitivity of the epithelium to estradiol increases; a complex of cyclin-dependent kinases, alpha-transforming and epidermal growth factors is activated; the proliferative activity of the epithelium increases; apoptosis processes are disrupted; vascularization of the parenchyma increases. All these pathological mechanisms that increase the risk of breast cancer have not yet been sufficiently studied both at the experimental and clinical level. In the treatment of mastopathy, diet therapy, psychological correction, hormonal drugs, non-hormonal drugs, such as vitamins, minerals, hepatoprotectors, diuretics, enzyme drugs, immunocorrectors, adaptogens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal remedies are used. The general disadvantages of most of the remedies used today are attempts to eliminate the causes of mastopathy rather than conducting pathogenetic treatment.
Comparative Analysis and Application of OpenGL and DirectX Libraries in the Context of 3D Visualization
Authors: Arkabaev N. , Khakimov A. , Kubanychbek-uulu O.
Published: January 2024

Article represents a study and analysis of two main libraries: OpenGL and DirectX and their application in the field of three-dimensional visualization. The article conducts a comparative analysis of the capabilities and characteristics of each library, examining their technical specifications, capabilities in creating three-dimensional scenes, as well as their efficiency and usability in various contexts. It covers topics related to the process of library initialization, shader compilation, creation of three-dimensional objects, environment setup, and examples of library application in real scenarios. Additionally, it addresses compatibility issues of the libraries with different operating systems and hardware architectures. The goal of the article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the capabilities and characteristics of OpenGL and DirectX libraries, aiding in the selection of the most suitable technology for specific tasks in the field of three-dimensional visualization. It encompasses a comparison of the capabilities and characteristics of the libraries, analyzing their strengths, efficiency, and usability in various scenarios. The main focus is on technical aspects in working with graphics, including library initialization, shader compilation, creation of three-dimensional objects, and management of visual effects. Its aim is to provide readers with a deep understanding of both technologies, assisting in the selection of the appropriate library for specific tasks in three-dimensional visualization and shedding light on practical scenarios of using these technologies.
Patent Research of Systems for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Transformers
Authors: Timergaliev R. , Gavrilov E. , Sagdeeva G.
Published: January 2024

This article reveals the main causes of malfunctions in power transformers at industrial enterprises. The main technical parameters of electrical equipment are also presented, which can provide information about its technical condition. The article compares systems for monitoring the technical condition of electrical equipment from various manufacturers. All this is presented in a professional context, with an emphasis on key aspects.
The Law of Equilibrium is an Important Tool of Economic Growth and Increased Well-being of the Population
Authors: Zainutdinov Sh. , Rasulov N. , Urinov B. , Ashurov Z.
Published: January 2024

The law of equilibrium affects all aspects of the economic and social life of the state. The law of equilibrium must always be considered in close connection with other economic parameters and laws. In this case, the stability of the economy can be ensured. As part of the economic reform of Uzbekistan, measures were taken to attract foreign investment, stimulate business activity and create a favorable investment climate.
Stages of Formation of Chemical Concepts Students in Grades 10-11
Authors: Chorov M. , Tashtanova Zh.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the stages of formation of chemical the concepts in the process of studying the subject. One of the tasks of teaching chemistry, in particular cognitive, is to understand the patterns of structure and transformation of simple compounds in living and inanimate systems. That is, to understand to form concepts. The formation of concepts is a complex process, not only for the students but also for the teacher faculty. The process of forming concepts can be divided into three parts: education, development and integration. The method of the education depends on the nature of concept, the level of their knowledge, the formation of theoretical knowledge of students and the role of this concept in terms of teaching. In scientific cognition and in teaching, two ways to form concepts are used: from sensory data by inductive generalization and by deductive deduction from known theories. The purpose of this study is to determine the stages of the formation of educational material in chemistry of grades 10 and 11 of secondary school for further systematic studies. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical (analysis of psychological, pedagogical and scientific-methodological literature on the problem under study, analysis of the content of modern programs, textbooks, manuals on chemistry; study of existing regulatory documents defining the features of the development of education; modeling of the process of formation of the basic chemical concepts at the propaedeutic stage of training).
Professional Competencies of a Financial and Economic Specialist in the Conditions Continuous Form of Education
Authors: Yusupova G. , Choguldurova E. , Dzhetybaeva Zh.
Published: January 2024

The article was prepared on the basis of studying the professional competence of students required for a graduate of the financial and economic field. The purpose of the study is to form conclusions based on the results of studying the professional competence of students required for a graduate of the financial and economic direction in the conditions of a continuous form of education. Great interest in the development of professional competence of students in a continuous form of education allows us to conclude that this topic is in demand. An important condition for the effective functioning of the continuous education system is the preparation of students to work in a virtual educational environment. Therefore, the issues of professional competence of students of financial and economic direction in the conditions of a continuous form of education should be considered as a multilateral, multifunctional phenomenon in solving educational and cognitive tasks, the essence of which is the formation of professional competence of students. The main function of the educational conditions identified by the authors is the selection and implementation of teaching methods and means that provide an effective solution to educational problems for the development of professional competencies of future specialists. Consequently, we can conclude that during their studies at a university, students must develop a holistic system of universal knowledge, abilities, skills, as well as experience in independent cognitive activity, that is, professional competencies applicable in the conditions of a continuous form of education. Students’ mastery of methods of cognitive activity is due to the fact that during the period of study at a university the foundations of professionalism and competence are laid, and the skills of independent professional activity are formed. In this regard, it is especially important that students, mastering knowledge and methods of obtaining it, realize that independent work on writing scientific papers is intended to complete the tasks of all other types of academic work, because no knowledge that has not become the object of their own activity can be considered a true asset of professionalism and competence.
Heart - قلب Somatic Component in the Phraseology of the Kyrgyz and Arabic Languages
Authors: Otorchieva A. , Khalaf Elabdo Ali Mohamed , Al-Zuhairi Mahmoud Ismail Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

In this article we make an attempt to comprehensively analyze and show the picture of the world of one somatic phraseological unity in linguistics. The relevance of this lies in the fact that there is a need for further development and comprehensive comparison of phraseological unities of the Kyrgyz and Arabic languages with the “heart” component “قلب”. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the selection of phraseological materials of the Arabic language and their study in a comparative context have been very little studied. The purpose of the study is to separately show two general differences using the same composition. We have set the following tasks: 1) in accordance with the cognitive processes in the languages under study, determine the main groups; 2) determine common lexical and semantic features in the phraseological units under consideration; 3) compare them and identify their differences.
Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromunda Giyilebilir Teknolojinin Yorgunluk ve Gündüz Uykululuğuna Etkisi: Literatür İncelemesi
Authors: SERÇE Sibel , OVAYOLU Özlem
Published: January 2024

Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu (OUAS) çeşitli fizyolojik, anatomik, genetik ve çevresel etmenlere bağlı üst solunum yolu obstrüksiyonu sonucu ortaya çıkan; uykuda solunum bozukluğuna neden olarak çeşitli kardiyovasküler, pulmoner, serebrovasküler ve nörokognitif durumlara yol açan kronik bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde OUAS’ın tedavisinde öncelikli olarak kullanılan Pozitif Havayolu Basıncı (Positive Airway Pressure-PAP) cihazı ise, özellikle orta ve şiddetli OUAS yönetiminde altın standart tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak gelişen teknoloji ve tedavi seçenekleri, özellikle kronik hastalıkların yönetimi, iş yükü, iyilik hali ve etkin maliyetin sürdürülebilmesi ihtiyacı, sağlık sektörünü bilişim teknolojilerinin kullanımına yönlendirmiş ve böylece giyilebilir teknoloji ürünleri de gelişen teknoloji pazarında öncelikli yerini almıştır. Son yıllarda birçok kronik hastalıkta kullanılan giyilebilir teknoloji ürünleri, OUAS’ın tedavi ve takibinde de tercih edilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımların hastaların yaşam süresini ve kalitesini arttırarak, OUAS’ın en belirgin klinik semptomu olan yorgunluk ve gündüz uykululuğuna olumlu katkılar sağladığı belirtilmektedir. Giyilebilir teknoloji ürünleri ile hastaların hastanede kalış süresi azalmakta, genel sağlık kontrolleri için bir sağlık kuruluşuna gitmeden de mobil teknolojilerle, sağlık profesyonelleri ile iletişime geçilebilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu makalede obstrüktif uyku apne sendromunda giyilebilir teknolojinin yorgunluk ve gündüz uykululuğuna etkisi irdelenerek, giyilebilir teknolojiye dikkat çekilmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Kronik Öksürükte Vasküler Ring Anomalilerine Dikkat
Authors: KURT Fatih
Published: January 2024

Öksürük hava yolunu temizleyen ve aspirasyonu önleyen çok önemli bir reflekstir. Çocuklarda 4 haftadan uzun sürerse kronik öksürük olarak kabul edilir. Etyolojide astım, persistan bakteriyel bronşit, Postnazal akıntı sendromu ve gastroözofageal reflü gibi birçok önemli faktör vardır. Nadir de olsa vasküler ring anomalilerini düşünmek gerekir. Tanı koyarken ayrıntılı öykü ve fizik muayene çok önemlidir. İlk istenen tetkik olan direk grafide sadece akciğer parankimi değil diğer yapılar da sistematik bir şekilde incelenmelidir. Bu olgu sunumunda kronik öksürük şikayeti olan hasta sunuldu. Kronik öksürük şikayeti olan çocuklarda vasküler ring anomalilerinin ayırıcı tanılarda düşünülmesi gerektiği ve akciğer grafisini değerlendirirken sistematik bir şekilde diğer torakal yapıların da incelenmesi konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlandı.
Early Mortality Rates and Types of Surgery in Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures Undergoing Surgical Treatment
Authors: ÖZEL Zafer , KARADUMAN Zekeriya Okan , ARICAN Mehmet , TURHAN Yalçın , TUNCER Cengiz , ULUDAĞ Veysel
Published: January 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between mortality within 30 days after surgery and fracture incidence, implant type and surgical timing in patients older than 65 years who developed hip fractures after a simple fall and were treated surgically.

Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the emergency department of the xxx Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology between 01 January 2010 and 31 July 2020 were included. Among these patients, the relationships between sex, age, duration of surgery, type of surgery and postoperative mortality rate were retrospectively evaluated in patients older than 65 years who were diagnosed with isolated hip fracture and who underwent prosthesis or proximal femoral nail/plate screw surgery between the specified dates. In this study, 450 patients treated within the specified time intervals were evaluated, and 308 patients fulfilled the criteria of our study.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mortality rate and surgery (implant) (p
Variations in the Impact of Racial Attitudes on State-Level Policy Diffusion
Authors: Agyemang Cindy
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the influence of racial attitudes on the adoption and spread of immigration policies across U.S. states, addressing a significant gap in policy diffusion research. While previous studies have primarily considered factors like geographical proximity, ideological alignment, and political similarity, this research highlights the understudied role of racial sentiments. Using a robust case study methodology and event history analysis, the study seeks to confirm the hypothesis that racial attitudes are a key determinant in the landscape of policy adoption. Preliminary findings not only support this hypothesis but also emphasize the profound impact of racial perspectives on the trajectory of immigration policy adoption. Given the contentious nature of immigration issues, understanding these underlying dynamics is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders. In summary, this study aims to shed light on the complex relationship between racial attitudes and immigration policy diffusion, advocating for a more nuanced approach to policy adoption.
CRECIMIENTO TURÍSTICO VERSUS DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO. UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA GENERACIÓN DE DIVISAS Y LA CAPACIDAD DE RECAUDACIÓN
Authors: Cárdenas García Pablo Juan
Published: January 2024

En los últimos años, se ha generalizado la apuesta por el turismo de países y organismos internacionales como instrumento de desarrollo económico, a pesar de que cada vez son mayores las críticas que ponen en entredicho esta relación positiva. Entre los argumentos más utilizados en este debate se incluye la vulnerabilidad del comercio exterior de muchos países en desarrollo y las de?ciencias de sus sistemas ?scales, que limitan, cuando no impiden, que el crecimiento turístico genere los efectos deseados en la mejora de las condiciones de vida de estos países.El objetivo de este trabajo es identi?car si la generación de divisas y la capacidad de recaudación ?scal de un país deben considerarse como factores clave que condicionan la contribución del crecimiento turístico a un incremento del nivel de progreso de los países receptores de turismo internacional.
ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO DEL IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD EN DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS INTERNACIONALES
Authors: Sánchez Rivero Marcelino
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo ha evolucionado la competitividad turística a nivel internacional en los últimos años y cómo dicha evolución afecta a las cifras del sector turístico. Se ha partido de una hipótesis de investigación que considera que la competitividad de los destinos turísticos internacionales in?uye sobre sus magnitudes turísticas. Para ello, se ha construido una tabla de movilidad y se han calculado diversos índices para diferenciar entre países estáticos y países dinámicos en términos de competitividad turística. Seguidamente, se ha utilizado un test de cambio estructural para veri?car la in?uencia de la competitividad sobre la variación de seis variables turísticas (PIB, empleo, consumo, exportaciones, gasto doméstico e inversiones). Los resultados demuestran empíricamente que la mejora de la capacidad competitiva tiene un efecto positivo sobre la mayoría de las variables turísticas analizadas.
EUROPEAN UNION AND TRADE INTEGRATION: DOES THE HOME BIAS PUZZLE MATTER?
Authors: Martínez San Román Valeriano , Bengoa Calvo Marta , Sánchez-Robles Rute Blanca
Published: January 2024

This paper analyses the size of the border effect or home bias within the European Union (EU) with the aim to quantify its impact in the trade integration process which started in 1992. The gravity model serves as a general framework where the use of sectoral data allows obtaining a more accurate measure of the border effects. The econometric analysis applied to a gravity model that contains a high disaggregation in the data introduces heteroskedasticity problems together with the presence of zero values, therefore, in order to obtain consistent estimates, the use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimation method is recommended. Our results show that the bilateral trade ?ows depend upon the size and proximity of the trade partners, together with other variables as adjacency or language. Evidence in favour of a positive and diminishing border effect has been found for the period 1995-2006 and it accounts for 20% to 22% within the EU-19.
ANALYSIS OF MORTGAGE MARKET INTEGRATION APPLYING PANEL DATA TECHNIQUES
Authors: López-Penabad María Celia , López Andión María del Carmen , Maside Sanfiz José Manuel , Iglesias Casal Ana
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se estudia el nivel de integración de los mercados hipotecarios de los estados miembros de la Unión Monetaria entre los años 2003 y 2010, mediante un análisis de cointegración con datos de panel de las series de tipos hipotecarios de cada país en comparación con su media. Se observa que son escasas las relaciones de cointegración, por tanto, en general, no encontramos un nivel de integración signi?cativo en el mercado hipotecario de los países de la Unión Monetaria.
LA FINANCIARIZACIÓN DE LA ECONOMÍA MUNDIAL: HACIA UNA CARACTERIZACIÓN
Authors: Medialdea García Bibiana , Sanabria Martín Antonio
Published: January 2024

Con el término de “financiarización” se alude, en general, al ascenso de la importancia del capital financiero dentro del funcionamiento económico. La actividad financiera no sólo se expande vertiginosamente, sino que también altera su composición en términos de mercados, productos y agentes protagonistas. Estos cambios tienen la profundidad suficiente como para afectar a la lógica que rige el funcionamiento económico. En la mayor parte de las economías desarrolladas y en una parte de las subdesarrolladas, las empresas del sector no financiero, las familias y los gobiernos actúan sometidos a esa lógica propia del sector financiero. Como resultado, la actividad económica se “financiariza” y da lugar a numerosos problemas que provocan el debilitamiento de la demanda, la ralentización del proceso de acumulación y una reconfiguración social que perjudica a los trabajadores y beneficia al capital, particularmente a su facción financiera. Numerosos problemas que finalmente han desembocado en la actual crisis.
Desempeño económico de las empresas de base tecnológica en el sector salud humana
Authors: March Chordà Isidre , Yagüe Perales Rosa M. , Pérez Ramos Laura
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo analiza el desempeño empresarial desde una perspectiva diferente a los enfoques teóricos predominantes. El énfasis recae en las dis-paridades de desempeño que emanan entre la modalidad empresarial más emprendedora e innovadora, formada por las denominadas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs) frente a las demás, y las asociadas a la pertenencia a diferentes subsectores. Para ello se ha construido un modelo con 10 variables aplicado a una muestra de empresas representativa del sector de Salud Humana con orientación I+D en la Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados obtenidos, fácilmente extrapolables a otros territorios a nivel europeo, confirman un com-portamiento diferencial en el conjunto de compañías calificadas como EBTs.
Medición del hambre: el índice global categorizado
Authors: Beamonte Córdoba Eduardo , Casino Martínez Alejandro , Veres Ferrer Ernesto J.
Published: January 2024

La correcta medición del hambre es clave para orientar las políticas adecuadas que ayuden a su erradicación. Es importante diseñar medidas que contribuyan a alcanzar dicha finalidad y que permitan el establecimiento de prioridades por parte de los organismos competentes, tanto nacionales como supranacionales. En este trabajo se diseña un índice para medir la incidencia del hambre con la misma información que la utilizada por el Índice Global del Hambre (IGH). El índice propuesto categoriza previamente cada uno de los indicadores estadísticos del IGH según su pertenencia a uno de los cinco niveles en los que dicho índice clasifica la intensidad del hambre, penalizando la pertenencia a las categorías de mayor intensidad. Esta categorización es su principal novedad, al aceptar que la realidad del hambre es lo suficientemente importante como para enfatizar la peor de las situaciones reveladas por los tres indicadores individuales que lo definen.
¿EN QUÉ MEDIDA LAS DISPARIDADES REGIONALES DEPENDEN DE LAS MEDIDAS E INDICADORES EMPLEADOS? UN ESTUDIO PARA LA UE
Authors: Villaverde José , Maza Adolfo
Published: January 2024

La reducción de disparidades regionales en la UE constituye uno de los objetivos principales de la agenda política de la Comisión Europea. Al respecto, sin embargo, hay cuando menos dos cuestiones básicas que suscitan un amplio debate entre académicos y dirigentes políticos: cómo medir las disparidades entre regiones y cuál es el significado del término desarrollo. Este trabajo trata de arrojar algo de luz sobre estas cuestiones. Primero, y dado que se han propuesto diferentes medidas para calibrar la magnitud de las disparidades, el estudio trata de averiguar si todas ellas conducen, o no, a similares resultados. Segundo, considerando que diferentes indicadores (tanto simples como compuestos), distintos al tradicional PIB per capita, han sido sugeridos para determinar el grado de desarrollo de una región, este trabajo estudia si las conclusiones obtenidas a partir de todos ellos son, en esencia similares a las obtenidas con el PIB per capita. Las conclusiones del estudio muestran que, con respecto a las medidas de desigualdad, no importa cual se utilice ya que todas ellas conducen a similares resultados: una reducción de las dispa-ridades regionales en la UE27 durante el periodo 1995-2007. En lo que se refiere a los indicadores de desarrollo, los resultados apoyan la idea de que las variaciones en el grado de desarrollo, sea cual sea el indicador utilizado para representar el mismo, se encuentran estrechamente correlacionadas con las variaciones en el PIB per cápita.
¿Posibilidad o necesidad de la crisis? La Economía Heterodoxa y la Gran Recesión
Authors: Mateo Tomé Juan Pablo , Garzón Espinosa Alberto
Published: January 2024

Este artículo analiza las explicaciones de la crisis económica que estalla en 2007-08, conocida como la Gran Recesión, llevadas a cabo por autores pertenecientes a una serie de corrientes de carácter heterodoxo, como la [neo] marxista, postkeynesiana y radical. El propósito será esclarecer si se posee una teoría de la posibilidad o necesidad de la crisis, ya que constituye un elemento importante respecto del carácter y alcance de la teoría económica de la dinámica capitalista. Para ello se va a caracterizar el conjunto de explicaciones a partir del papel de las finanzas, la distribución del ingreso (y la demanda), la política económica (neoliberal), la (sobre) producción y la evolución de la tasa de ganancia. Se concluye que, salvo excepciones, las corrientes heterodoxas sustentan una concepción de la crisis como mera posibilidad.
Valores culturales , nivel de ingres os y actividad emprendedora
Authors: Jaén Inmaculada , Liñán Francisco , Fernández-Serrano José
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las interacciones entre valores culturales y actividad emprendedora en países con diferentes niveles de ingreso. Se han utilizado dos fuentes principales de datos. El Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) mide las orientaciones culturales. El Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) proporciona información sobre la actividad emprendedora. Las variables culturales y la actividad emprendedora, de forma conjunta explican más del 60% de la varianza en el PIB per cápita. Una clara implicación derivada de este trabajo es que las medidas de promoción del emprendimiento deberían tener en cuenta las características culturales específicas del entorno en el que se van a implementar.
Cooperative Learning and Learning of Knowledge Through a Joint Venture: A Study from the Entrepreneurial Firm Perspective.
Authors: Ribeiro-Soriano Domingo , Benavides-Espinosa María del Mar , Mohedano-Suanes Antonia
Published: January 2024

Academic literature points to the joint venture as an instrument for en-trepreneurship and interorganizational learning. This particular type of partnership allows partners to develop two learning processes: one concerns the knowledge provided by the partner in the joint venture, and the other revolves around the process of cooperation. Most studies that analyze the relationship between the two types of learning suggest that learning knowledge provided by the partner is positively influenced by cooperative learning. This study analyzes this assumption by looking at a sample of 81 firms that have participated in joint ventures. Using original measurement scales, the final results show that the relationship between the two types of learning is not unidirectional but bidirectional.
Las dependencias funcional y productiva en el análisis de las cadenas de valor global
Authors: Cáceres Rafael , Martínez-Román Juan A. , Romero Isidoro
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es justificar la relevancia de los conceptos “dependencia funcional” y “dependencia productiva” en el análisis internacional de las características del tejido empresarial. El trabajo recopila las principales aportaciones que se han realizado sobre dichos conceptos y los enmarca en el ámbito internacional, hasta ahora inexplorado bajo este prisma. A este respecto se considera específicamente la aplicación de dichos conceptos para el estudio del posicionamiento de las pymes en las cadenas de valor global y su influencia sobre la actividad innovadora de las empresas.
Contribución de las pymes turísticas al desarrollo
Authors: Tejada Pilar , Moreno Pilar , Rodríguez Mª José
Published: January 2024

Este artículo utiliza el marco analítico de las cadenas de valor globales para examinar el papel y la dinámica de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) turísticas y las perspectivas de desarrollo de los países donde estas empresas están ubicadas. Primero, se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre la contribución del turismo al desarrollo. Segundo, se analiza la actual configuración de las cadenas de valor globales (CVGs) en la industria turística.Tercero, se plantea la hipótesis de cómo puede utilizarse el enfoque metodológico de las CVGs para el papel que las PYMEs turísticas pueden desempeñar en el actual contexto de globalización. Ello puede constituir una nueva forma de análisis de la contribución al desarrollo económico de la actividad turística y, en particular, un nuevo instrumento para el reconocimiento de la importancia de las PYMEs.
La economía global y los emprendimientos sociales
Authors: Santos Francisco J. , Barroso María de la O , Guzmán Carmen
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se estudia el papel que pueden desempeñar los emprendimientos sociales en la consecución de un sistema económico mundial más justo. Para ello, se comienza poniendo de manifiesto los problemas esenciales observados en el  sistema económico global y la influencia que sobre ellos tiene la separación existente entre ética y economía. Posteriormente, se estudian los rasgos generales de la actividad emprendedora generada por el sistema económico global para, a continuación, explicar de qué forma un tipo específico de emprendimiento, el emprendimiento social, puede propiciar un cambio de paradigma que contribuya a un sistema económico global más justo. Por último, utilizando datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) sobre actividad emprendedora en el mundo se realiza un análisis empírico para mostrar algunas de las diferencias existentes entre los emprendimientos de mercado y los emprendimientos sociales. El fin último de este trabajo es contribuir a que las autoridades económicas se preocupen por la elaboración de políticas que apoyen la creación y consolidación de emprendimientos sociales y que los economistas tomen conciencia de la importancia de enseñar e investigar la Economía desde otra perspectiva.
Decrecimiento y Buen Vivir ¿Paradigmas convergentes ? Debates sobre el postdes arrollo en Europa y América Latina
Authors: Unceta Satrustegui Koldo
Published: January 2024

Los debates sobre el postdesarrollo vienen ocupando desde hace años un lugar destacado tanto en el plano académico como en el ámbito social. En este contexto, aproximaciones al tema como el Buen Vivir -surgida en la América andina- o el Decrecimiento -planteada inicialmente en Europa y más específicamente en Francia- son habitualmente presentadas como propuestas equivalentes, que comparten los mismos fundamentos y representan alternativas similares. El presente trabajo trata de indagar en la realidad de este supuesto analizando, a la luz de la literatura más relevante sobre ambos temas, el alcance de las posibles convergencias y/o divergencias entre los mismos.
La invención del homo economicus y la expulsión de la ética de la economía. ¿Un camino sin retorno?
Authors: Miedes Ugarte Blanca , Flores Ruiz David
Published: January 2024

En el presente artículo, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, se analizan las relaciones que se establecen entre la Ética y la Economía y cómo la invención del concepto de homo economicus propicia y culmina la separación entre ambas disciplinas. La revisión de las críticas de A. Sen y A.O. Hirschman a este reduccionista concepto de agencia humana, permite mostrar que, sin embargo, el vínculo entre ambos campos de pensamiento no se había roto definitivamente. En la última sección, a modo de conclusión, planteamos que existen indicios en el campo de la investigación y de la acción social que indican que ese vínculo se está restaurando, que la separación de la Economía y la Ética es un camino con retorno, y que de esta forma toda la disciplina estará mejor armada para enfrentarse, teórica y prácticamente, a los principales desafíos humanos actuales.
LAS POLÍTICAS DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL ANTE LA CRISIS: UNA COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA Y AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Flores Paredes Joaquín , Nieto Solís José Antonio
Published: January 2024

Este artículo muestra que en los países europeos con Estados de Bienestar menos desarrollados no existe relación directa entre gasto social y desequilibrios de las finanzas públicas. También constata que los países europeos con Estados de Bienestar más consolidados no presentan desequilibrios importantes en sus finanzas públicas pese a su mayor gasto social. Como conclusión preliminar se propone que el Estado de Bienestar no es el factor determinante de los desequilibrios fiscales en la UE, ni de la crisis y sus consecuencias sociales.La comparación UE-Latinoamérica no permite detectar elementos comunes en el rol de las políticas públicas destinadas a mejorar el bienestar. No obstante, pese a las diferencias existentes, sí se registran coincidencias en las prioridades macroeconómicas, y en los efectos de las políticas de ajuste aplicadas años atrás en América Latina y actualmente en la UE.
La contribución de la Educación para el Desarrollo a la Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo
Authors: Sianes Castaño Antonio , Ortega Carpio Mª Luz , Cordón Pedregosa Mª Rosa
Published: January 2024

La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo ha emergido en los últimos años como un elemento clave del sistema global de ayuda al desarrollo. Sin embargo, no se han estudiado en profundidad las causas que contribuyen a su promoción. A fin de analizar si la Educación para el Desarrollo se encuentra entre éstas, se parte de una sistematización de la literatura sobre ambos conceptos, analizando a continuación los resultados de 15 países donantes en el Índice de Compromiso con el Desarrollo y el Informe sobre Educación para el Desarrollo DE Watch. Los análisis efectuados apuntan a una correlación positiva y significativa entre ambas dimensiones.
Optimization and characterization of a value-added fermented ready-to-servewhey-based beverage with high antioxidant potential
Authors: Nag Ishita , Goyal Chhaya
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to optimize the process parameters for developing a Ready-To-Serve fermented whey beverage using pineapple juice and mint and characterize the drink. The levels of pineapple juice (20-40%), sugar (5-10%), and mint powder (1-3%) on pH, DPPH, TSS, and overall acceptability were investigated using a central composite design. The optimized process conditions achieved were 39.42% (v/v) of pineapple juice,5.75% (w/v) of sugar, and 1.01% (w/v) of Mentha. The beverage had 89.41% mg GAE/ml total phenolic content and 83.88% DPPH radical scavenging activity. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of the O-H stretch of phenolic compounds between3200 cm-1– 3518 cm-1 and conformational changes in the secondary structure of the whey protein at 1625-1647 cm-1 in the fermented sample. The beverage possessed all essential amino acids, the highest being Leu, Val, and Lys and PUFA (ω6/ω3=1.52)and MUFA levels of 6.7±0.96 and 21.57±0.02 mg/100mL,respectively. In addition, hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (C12:0,C14:0, C16:0) were significantly reduced after fermentation. Therefore, a serving of 100mL would contribute 3.53%, 2.96%,and 2.41% towards the RDA of Fe, K, and Mg, for an adult man,respectively. The whey beverage had acceptable microbiological quality on the 30th day of storage under refrigerated conditions. Fermentation with Pediococcus pentosaceus NCDC 273 reduced the coliform count by 5.57% and 4.04% and the Y&M count by2.2% and 2.9% on the 15th and 30th day of storage, respectively
Storage related changes in short-set cream cheese manufactured using thermophilicstarter culture and direct acidification technique
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Mallik JM , Patel AM , Gokhale AJ , Shaikh AI
Published: January 2024

Cream cheese is a fresh acid curd variety with semi-soft body, manufactured by the gradual, quiescent acid gelation of milk. The typical flavour profile of cream cheese is cultured diacetyl with little bit lactic acid flavour as well as aroma. It is envisaged that demand of cream cheese will increase in upcoming years due to its application as spread and it having higher nutritional value compared to similar products available in the market. The purpose of the study was to observe changes in sensory, physicochemical and microbial quality during storage in short-set cream cheese samples manufactured by using thermophilic starter culture and direct acidification technique and was compared with control cream cheese manufactured using mesophilic starter culture. All the three samples i.e., control cream cheese made using mesophilic culture (MC), cream cheese made using thermophilic culture (TC) and cream cheese made using laboratory grade lactic acid (SLA) were stored in re-closable polypropylene tubs at 7 ± 2°C. During storage study, flavour score, FFA, tyrosine value were significantly affected by storage period (P), treatment (T) and the interaction of T × P. Moisture, pH, titratable acidity, sensory parameters (except flavour) were significantly affected only by storage period (P) and treatment(T). All the three samples had storage stability up to 15 days at 7± 2°C.
Development of functional golden milk by incorporating Curcuma amada andstevia by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sharma Sanya , Joshi Pallawi , Singh Shubhendra , Chauhan Anil Kumar
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to develop and optimize golden milk using the incorporation of Curcuma amada and stevia into the milk and preserve it using pasteurization. The analysis was carried out by incorporating Curcuma amada powder and stevia in the milk and optimizing using the Response surface methodology. A set of thirteen experiments were done in which optimized golden milk with the maximum desirability was produced using 3.43 percent Curcuma amada and 0.35 percent stevia, according to the outcomes of the variable optimization. The physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the milk were also accessed. The antioxidant activity of Functional golden milk is 56.14and total phenolic content was found to be38.04 to36.95 mg GAE. The product was accessed for its shelf life using a sensory score and found that it was stable for 7 days at 4°C.
Effect of varying levels of fibre and starch in calf starters containing finely groundmaize grain on the performance of pre-ruminant calves
Authors: Thirupathi M , Alexander G , Nagalakshmi D , Rathod Suresh
Published: January 2024

The nutrient composition and particle size of calf starter play a major role in shaping appropriate rumen development and starter intake and average daily gain in pre-ruminant dairy calves. Hence, a feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of feeding calf starters containing finely ground maize grain with varying levels of fibre and starch on the performance of pre-ruminant dairy calves fed no roughage. Three iso-nitrogenous calf starters containing different levels of finely ground maize grain and soybean hulls (maize:soybean hulls 40:10;30:20; 20:30) were evaluated through a feeding trial using 18Holstein Friesian crossbred female calves (average body weight34.19 ± 0.94 kg). The calves were divided into three groups of 6calves each in a completely randomized design. Milk was offered to calves twice daily from the fourth day of age up to 63 day of age as per the step up/step down milk feeding schedule. In addition, calves in each group were offered respective calf starters individually ad libitum from 3 to 63 day of age. Daily starter intake and fortnightly body weight of calves were recorded during the trial. The calves were monitored for rumination from the third day of age until rumination was noticed. Blood samples were collected from calves on 63day of age for estimation of various biochemical constituents. The level of starch and fibre in calf starters containing finely ground maize grain (57.72% of particles with a size of 1.18 mm above) had no influence on overall calf starter dry matter intake (401.89 to 424.68 g/d), average daily gain(0.660 to 0.700 kg/d), feed conversion efficiency, feed cost/kggain, initiation of rumination and blood biochemical constituentsin pre-ruminant dairy calves. Maximum pre-weaning average daily gain (700 g/d) can be achieved in Holstein Friesian crossbred female calves through feeding milk by step up/step down method and calf starter containing finely ground maize grain and soybeanhulls in the ratio of 20:30 without offering any roughage.
Prostasomes as interlocutor for zygotic epigenome health: role of prostasomesecretome in maintenance of zygotic epigenome
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rajhans Rajib
Published: January 2024

Prostasomes as transgenerational epigenetic tool box has not been established, its role in transferring small RNA, lncRNA as paternal messages is yet to be explored. The present study was undertaken to establish role of prostasomes in modulating testicular and vaginal environmental cues such as protein and RNA messages through to zygote and thereby actin gas interlocutor of paternal genome. The results from the study found out prostasomes fusion with spermatozoa takes place at the time of maturation and capacitation wherein it causes downregulation of ROS (Protein and mRNA) in terms of decreased NADPH and NOS activity significantly (p<0.01), it was also found to modulate mitochondrial membrane potential significantly(p<0.01). Prostasome supplementation lead to increased survival of spermatozoa in sp-TALP medium and was found to be superior to cryopreserved and fresh semen when used in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiment. The study further envisages to establish prostasomes as repository of novel biomarkers for infertility in male and female and as diagnostic tool in in vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer protocol and thereby establishing prostasomes as one of the fundamental vesicles influencing transgenerational transfer of RNA and protein to zygotic genome thereby influencing zygotic genome health.
Feasibility of a drug allergy registry-based excipient allergy database and call for universal mandatory drug ingredient disclosure: the case of PEG
Authors: Kan Andy Ka Chun , Chiang Valerie , Saha Chinmoy , Au Elaine Y. L. , Li Philip Hei
Published: January 2024

Background

Excipient allergy is a rare, but potentially lethal, form of drug allergy. Diagnosing excipient allergy remains difficult in regions without mandatory drug ingredient disclosure and is a significant barrier to drug safety.

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of a drug allergy registry-based excipient database to identify potential excipient culprits in patients with history of drug allergy, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an example.

Methods

An excipient registry was created by compiling the excipient lists pertaining to all available formulations of the top 50 most reported drug allergy culprits in Hong Kong. Availability of excipient information, and its relationship with total number of formulations of individual drugs were analysed. All formulations were checked for the presence or absence of PEG.

Results

Complete excipient information was available for 36.5% (729/2,000) of all formulations of the top 50 reported drug allergy culprits in Hong Kong. The number of formulations for each drug was associated with proportion of available excipient information (ρ = 0.466, p = 0.001). Out of 729 formulations, 109 (15.0%) and 620 (85.0%) were confirmed to contain and not contain PEG, respectively. Excipient information was not available for the other 1,271 (63.6%) formulations. We were unable to confirm the presence or absence of PEG in any of the top 50 drug allergy culprits in Hong Kong.

Conclusion

In countries without mandatory drug ingredient disclosure, excipient databases are unlikely able to identify potential excipient allergy in drug allergy patients. Legislations to enforce mandatory and universal ingredient disclosure are urgently needed.
Altering the interfacial rheology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with N-acetyl cysteine and cysteamine
Authors: Balmuri Sricharani Rao , Noaman Sena , Usman Huda , Niepa Tagbo H. R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Chronic lung infection due to bacterial biofilms is one of the leading causes of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Among many species colonizing the lung airways, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two virulent pathogens involved in mechanically robust biofilms that are difficult to eradicate using airway clearance techniques like lung lavage. To remove such biological materials, glycoside hydrolase-based compounds are commonly employed for targeting and breaking down the biofilm matrix, and subsequently increasing cell susceptibility to antibiotics.

Materials and methods

In this study, we evaluate the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Cysteamine (CYST) in disrupting interfacial bacterial films, targeting different components of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). We characterize the mechanics and structural integrity of the interfacial bacterial films using pendant drop elastometry and scanning electron microscopy.

Results and discussion

Our results show that the film architectures are compromised by treatment with disrupting agents for 6 h, which reduces film elasticity significantly. These effects are profound in the wild type and mucoid P. aeruginosa, compared to S. aureus. We further assess the effects of competition and cooperation between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on the mechanics of composite interfacial films. Films of S. aureus and wild-type P. aeruginosa cocultures lose mechanical strength while those of S. aureus and mucoid P. aeruginosa exhibit improved storage modulus. Treatment with NAC and CYST reduces the elastic property of both composite films, owing to the drugs’ ability to disintegrate their EPS matrix. Overall, our results provide new insights into methods for assessing the efficacy of mucolytic agents against interfacial biofilms relevant to cystic fibrosis infection.