bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital long‐term topoclimate surfaces of the Pyrenees mountain range for the period 1950–2012
Authors: Batalla Meritxell , Ninyerola Miquel , Catalan Jordi
Published: November 2018

Long‐term climate data accounting for high‐spatial variability and detailed topographic effects are crucial for research and management in complex terrains such as mountain ranges. Here, we introduce the Pyrenean Digital Climate Atlas based on data from around 400 weather stations located across the range during the 1950–2012 period. Average monthly, seasonal, and annual temporal resolutions are provided for 30‐m spatial resolution surfaces. Local heterogeneity was considered, integrating meteorological station data, high‐quality terrain information (altitude, latitude, distance to the sea, and solar potential radiation) and multivariate regression modelling in a Geographical Information System. Climate surfaces of air temperature (minimum, maximum, and mean) and precipitation were obtained and used to derive maps of bioclimatic interest such as potential evapotranspiration, water availability, and growing degree‐days. Metadata are provided in XML standard format (ISO 19139) with all the usual fields and quality indicators for each map, with an RMSE ranging from 0.7 to 1.2°C and 11 to 15 mm for air temperature and precipitation maps respectively. The Atlas is available in GeoTIFF format at the ZENODO repository.

Open Practices

This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.1186639. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Early geomagnetic data from the Astronomical Observatory of Madrid (1879–1901)
Authors: Pro Carmen , Vaquero José M. , Merino‐Pizarro Dámaris
Published: November 2018

The recovery of early geomagnetic data is essential to improve knowledge of the evolution of the geomagnetic field. A recently recovered dataset is described that includes mean decadal (10 days) values of the geomagnetic declination and some disperse values of geomagnetic inclination measured at the Astronomical Observatory of Madrid from 1879 to 1901. These recovered data are compared directly with the results obtained from a geomagnetic model. The data have now been made accessible for the scientific community in digital form.

Open Practices

This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.885886. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain
Authors: Khan Sheraz , Cohen David
Published: November 2018

During the past several decades there has been much interest in the existence of magnetite particles in the human brain and their accumulation with age. These particles also appear to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. However, up to now the amount and distribution of these particles has been measured only in post‐mortem brain tissue. Although in‐vivo MRI measurements do show iron compounds generally, MRI cannot separate them according to their magnetic phases, which are associated with their chemical interactions. In contrast, we here offer a new noninvasive, in‐vivo method which is selectively sensitive only to particles which can be strongly magnetized. We magnetize these particles with a strong magnetic field through the head, and then measure the resulting magnetic fields, using the dcMagnetoencephalogram (dcMEG). From these data, the mass and locations of the particles can be estimated, using a distributed inverse solution. To test the method, we measured 11 healthy male subjects (ages 19–89 year). Accumulation of magnetite, in the hippocampal formation or nearby structures, was observed in the older men. These in‐vivo findings agree with reports of post‐mortem measurements of their locations, and of their accumulation with age. Thus, our findings allow in‐vivo measurement of magnetite in the human brain, and possibly open the door for new studies of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.
Electrochemical studies of the multi‐step multi‐electron redox process of tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes with electron donor and acceptor abilities
Authors: Muraoka Hiroki , Ozawa Kouhei , Ogawa Satoshi
Published: November 2018

We have designed and synthesized tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes, namely, 4,4′5,5′‐tetraferrocenyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (TFBT) and 4,4″,5,5″‐tetraferrocenyl‐2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene (TFTT). By using an electrochemical technique, we revealed that tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes show multi‐redox reactions derived from four ferrocene fragments and one α‐oligothiophene spacer, and a number of the thiophene rings in the α‐oligothiophene spacer can be attuned to the redox potentials and the multiple electron transfer process. Consequently, we have succeeded in the construction of different types of multi‐step multi‐electron redox systems by constructing four organometallic redox‐active ferrocenes and one organic redox‐active α‐oligothiophene differing in the number of thiophene rings.
Electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel in steel/copper alloy couple during galvanic corrosion in static and flowing seawater
Authors: Li Zhao , Liu Jie , Zhang Lunwu , Hou Jian , Lu Zhonghai , He Jianxin , Zhang Peiqing
Published: November 2018

The electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel wires within a steel/copper alloy couple immersed in static and flowing seawater were studied by the wire beam electrode (WBE) technique, and the variations of the main anodic area of steel wires were discussed. It showed that the potential and current density distributions of steel wires in both static and flowing seawater were inhomogeneous while the electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel wires immersed in flowing seawater were significantly reduced. The main anodic area of steel wires immersed in static seawater moved from the steel wires at the edge of the WBE to other steel wires, and the main anodic area of steel wires immersed in flowing seawater moved from the steel wires adjacent to the steel/copper alloy interface to the steel wires further away. Polarity reversals of the single steel electrode can be found, but the reasons for the phenomena were different from each other.
Relations between cardinalities of the finite sequences and the finite subsets of a set
Authors: Aksornthong Navin , Vejjajiva Pimpen
Published: November 2018

We write and for the cardinalities of the set of finite sequences and the set of finite subsets, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality . With the axiom of choice (), for every infinite cardinal but, without , any relationship between and for an arbitrary infinite cardinal cannot be proved. In this paper, we give conditions that make and comparable for an infinite cardinal . Among our results, we show that, if we assume the axiom of choice for sets of finite sets, then for every Dedekind‐infinite cardinal and the condition that is Dedekind‐infinite cannot be weakened to weakly Dedekind‐infinite.
Brachial Neuritis After Botulinum Toxin Injections for Cervical Dystonia: A Need for a Reappraisal?
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Latorre Anna , Cordivari Carla , Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: November 2018

Background

Brachial neuritis has previously been described as a rare occurrence in patients receiving botulinum toxin for cervical or writing/focal arm dystonia.

Methods

We report four cases of patients with a long history of cervical dystonia treated with botulinum toxin injections.

Results

All patients developed pain and muscular weakness around the shoulder, with EMG studies suggesting brachial neuritis.

Conclusions

In the context of these observations, we discuss the question of an association between brachial neuritis and botulinum toxin treatment.
Bidirectional SMF and PF‐POF transmission of 400 Gbps Nyquist shaped on DP‐QPSK systems
Authors: Sousa Artur N. e , Ferreira Ricardo , Alimi Isiaka , Shahpari Ali , Lima Mário , Teixeira António
Published: November 2018

This work experimentally shows a transmission path based on standard single‐mode optical fiber and perfluorinated graded‐index plastic optical fiber with the connections between distinct optical fibers being made by fiber collimators using free‐space optical transmission. The data stream consists of a bidirectional 400 Gbps optical transmission using four wavelength channels with quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation format, combined with dual‐polarization and Nyquist pulse‐shaped. The results obtained seeks to study the use of short‐distance cables in plastic optical fiber as a flexible means of interconnection, when inserted between single‐mode optical fibers or as a coupling medium between devices with single‐mode optical inputs/outputs located in data centers/video headends.
A compact Doherty power amplifier for massive multi‐input multi‐output applications
Authors: Noh YounSub , Sin CheonSig
Published: November 2018

A Doherty power amplifier composed of GaAs IPDs (Lange coupler and Doherty combiner) and GaN MMICs (carrier amplifier and peaking amplifier) is presented for 5G massive multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO). No input phase compensation circuit and no output offset lines were used for a compact design and the assembled Doherty power amplifier is as small as 6.6 mm × 3.6 mm with a saturation output power of 46 dBm. The asymmetric Doherty power amplifier exhibits a gain greater than 27.8 dB, PAE greater than 39.8% at average output power of 38 dBm, and ACLR less than −27.7 dBc using a 20 MHz LTE signal with 7.5 dB PAR across 3.6‐3.8 GHz.
Bandwidth enhancement of top‐mount vertical coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions
Authors: Li Eric S. , Sung Meng‐Han , Lo Jay‐Yuan
Published: November 2018

Two broadband designs for top‐mount vertical coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions are proposed. Both feature eccentric structures to facilitate the electromagnetic field transformation between the two transmission lines, which would increase the 1‐dB passband of the transitions. One design is characterized by a through hole next to the strip end of the microstrip line, whereas the other has a circular slot in the ground plane and underneath the strip end. Both are created to improve the vertical connection between the strip end and the center conductor of the coaxial connector. The optimum simulation results of the presented design examples demonstrate nearly 190% and 230% increases in the 1‐dB passband, respectively, compared to the corresponding conventional design. The validity of the simulation results was confirmed experimentally. More simulations indicate that the designs can serve for microstrip lines of different physical properties, and work well for transitions to another popular transmission line, coplanar waveguide.
Effects of four‐dimensional simulation of boost radiation after breast conservation surgery: A prospective dosimetric and volumetric analysis
Authors: Kapoor Rakesh , Gupta Anil , Miriyala Raviteja , Oinam Arun Singh , Singh Gurpreet
Published: November 2018

Objective

Breast conservation therapy is the standard of care for early breast cancer. After whole breast irradiation, lumpectomy cavity boost increases local control and survival. However, accurate identification of the tumor bed and internal displacement caused by respiratory movements poses major challenges in achieving the optimal therapeutic index. Although surgical clips are considered accurate surrogates for localization of the tumor bed, no consensus has been reached regarding the use of motion management during treatment delivery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dosimetric and volumetric effects of respiratory motion on the delivery of boost radiation using 4‐D computed tomography simulation.

Methods

A total of 25 patients undergoing tumor bed boost radiation were recruited prospectively. Dosimetric and volumetric comparisons were made between conformal plans formed with 3‐D and 4‐D datasets obtained from each patient.

Results

No significant differences were observed in target volumes, degrees of inclusion, conformity indices, or homogeneity indices between the plans formed with the two datasets (P < 0.05). The magnitude of internal movement of the tumor bed was insignificant compared with the margin for setup errors.

Conclusion

Displacement of the tumor bed caused by respiratory motion was minimal with insignificant dosimetric or volumetric effects, and does not warrant the routine use of 4‐D simulation or the generation of internal target volumes.
Human factors in real life applications—A SCUBA example
Authors: Kerin Trish
Published: November 2018

The application of human factors in process safety is a key next step in continuing to advance improvement, but there is still much to be understood about what that application means in real terms. In this example I will explore the application of human factors to cave diving, an inherently hazardous sport with potentially catastrophic outcomes. I will then draw parallels between the management of process safety and cave diving, linking the practical application of human factors. While this topic is not directly linked to process safety it will challenge and encourage discussion on the application of human factors in process facilities. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12017, 2019
An efficient offline implementation for output feedback min‐max MPC
Authors: Hu Jianchen , Ding Baocang
Published: November 2018

Previous works have presented the output feedback min‐max model predictive control (MPC) for the discrete‐time system with both polytopic uncertainty and bounded persistent disturbance, where the controller parameters are optimized at each sampling instant. This paper proposes the corresponding offline approach in order to reduce the online computational burden. Such offline MPC, when the state is measurable and there is no disturbance, has been constructed in the work of Wan and Kothare (An efficient off‐line formulation of robust model predictive control using linear matrix inequalities. Automatica. 2003;39(5):837‐846). Since this paper considers the case when the true state is unknown, the ellipsoidal regions of attraction (applying only to the estimated state) lose their asymptotic invariance property, and the estimation error set (EES) has a major effect on the control performance. This paper refreshes EES invoking the one‐step reachable set and guarantees that the signals being penalized in the performance cost function to converge to a neighborhood of the equilibrium point. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal connectivity in limbic regions
Authors: Flores‐Gómez Alejandra Aketzalli , de Jesús Gomez‐Villalobos Ma. , Flores Gonzalo
Published: November 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by high levels of blood glucose. In recent years, its prevalence has increased, which was 422 million in the world in 2014. In elderly patients, DM is associated with deficits in memory and learning processes. The cognitive deficits lead to dementia. With the development of animal models in DM, it has been possible to better understand quantitative morphological changes in numerous neuronal structures belonging to the limbic system, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). These structures are in close relationship with processes of memory and learning. Several reports have demonstrated that chronic hyperglycemia reduces spinogenesis and dendritic arborization in the aforementioned regions along with a decline in memory and learning processes, especially in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. In the present review, we discuss animal models, the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on dendritic morphology of limbic regions and memory and learning processes, the effect on neural transmission in these regions, the pathologic mechanisms involved, and the relevance of dendritic morphology in diabetes. All of this information can help us to have a better understanding of dementia in diabetes mellitus and propose strategies for its prevention and treatment.
Platinum Nanosheets between Graphite Layers
Authors: Shirai Masayuki
Published: November 2018

Two‐dimensional platinum nanosheets were obtained by the hydrogen reduction of platinum tetrachloride intercalated between graphite layers, the latter was prepared by the treatment of the mixture of platinum tetrachloride and graphite powder under chlorine atmosphere. The size of platinum nanosheets was 1–3 nm in thickness with a width in the range of 5–300 nm. These nanosheets contain a number of hexagonal holes and edges with an angle of 120°. This review discusses the reduction and oxidation behavior of platinum species and structure of platinum nanosheets between graphite layers. The selective hydrogenation catalyzed by these platinum nanosheets entrapped between the graphite layers is also demonstrated.
Chromatin imaging and new technologies for imaging the nucleome
Authors: Szydlowski Nicole A. , Go Jane S. , Hu Ying S.
Published: November 2018

Synergistic developments in advanced fluorescent imaging and labeling techniques enable direct visualization of the chromatin structure and dynamics at the nanoscale level and in live cells. Super‐resolution imaging encompasses a class of constantly evolving techniques that break the diffraction limit of fluorescence microscopy. Structured illumination microscopy provides a twofold resolution improvement and can readily achieve live multicolor imaging using conventional fluorophores. Single‐molecule localization microscopy increases the spatial resolution by approximately 10‐fold at the expense of slower acquisition speed. Stimulated emission‐depletion microscopy generates a roughly fivefold resolution improvement with an imaging speed proportional to the scanning area. In parallel, advanced labeling strategies have been developed to “light up” global and sequence‐specific DNA regions. DNA binding dyes have been exploited to achieve high labeling densities in single‐molecule localization microscopy and enhance contrast in correlated light and electron microscopy. New‐generation Oligopaint utilizes bioinformatics analyses to optimize the design of fluorescence in situ hybridization probes. Through sequential and combinatorial labeling, direct characterization of the DNA domain volume and length as well as the spatial organization of distinct topologically associated domains has been reported. In live cells, locus‐specific labeling has been achieved by either inserting artificial loci next to the gene of interest, such as the repressor–operator array systems, or utilizing genome editing tools, including zinc finer proteins, transcription activator‐like effectors, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats systems. Combined with single‐molecule tracking, these labeling techniques enable direct visualization of intra‐ and inter‐chromatin interactions.

This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}} $$ with leptoquarks and the origin of Yukawa couplings
Authors: de Medeiros Varzielas Ivo , King Stephen F.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We construct a model where the Yukawa couplings of the Standard Model (SM) fermions arise from the breaking of a Z
2 symmetry and through mixing with a fourth family of vector-like fermions. By adding a scalar leptoquark, which is an electroweak triplet and odd under the Z
2 symmetry, we obtain an explanation for

$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}} $$

R

K

*

that is linked to the origin of the Yukawa couplings. The coupling of SM fermions to the leptoquark is mediated by the fourth family fermions, and is predicted to be related to CKM entries and mass ratios of SM fermions.
De Sitter vacua in no-scale supergravity
Authors: Ellis John , Nagaraj Balakrishnan , Nanopoulos Dimitri V. , Olive Keith A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

No-scale supergravity is the appropriate general framework for low-energy effective field theories derived from string theory. The simplest no-scale Kähler potential with a single chiral field corresponds to a compactification to flat Minkowski space with a single volume modulus, but generalizations to single-field no-scale models with de Sitter vacua are also known. In this paper we generalize these de Sitter constructions to two- and multi-field models of the types occurring in string compactifications with more than one relevant modulus. We discuss the conditions for stability of the de Sitter solutions and holomorphy of the superpotential, and give examples whose superpotential contains only integer powers of the chiral fields.
Can forest structural diversity be a response to anthropogenic stress? A case study in old-growth fir Abies alba Mill. stands
Authors: Podlaski Rafał
Published: November 2018

Key message

From 1973 to 1991, Polish SO
2
emissions above 3250 Gg/year resulted in a decline of firAbies albaMill. After stresses connected with these emissions, five main diameter at breast height (DBH) structural types were described. This type of heterogeneous forest structure is supposed to increase forest resistance and resilience to abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic disturbances.

Context

The analyses of forest structure are important under the current scenario of global change, since heterogeneous structures allow for better responses to disturbances. Forests with more complex structures should present greater vitality.

Aims

The main hypotheses were as follows: (1) the temporal changes of atmospheric SO2 emissions caused (a) the abrupt changes in the tree DBH radial increment and (b) the death of fir trees; and (2) atmospheric SO2 emissions and related fir decline and recovery processes ultimately result in the development of stands characterised by diverse DBH structures.

Methods

Radial growth trends of 49 and 215 fir trees in the older and younger generations, respectively, and 85 dead fir trees were evaluated. Using data collected in 32 stands, the DBH structural types were identified, and the shapes of these types were illustrated.

Results

The structural diversification of forest patches may influence forest resistance and resilience to disturbances; five main structural types were identified: ML1 and ML2 represent DBH distributions of multi-layered stands, and OS, TS1 and TS2 represent DBH distributions of one- and two-storied stands.

Conclusion

Structural diversity of forests was a response to SO2 emissions; fir trees had the ability to increase their radial growth, although there were still high SO2 emissions.
New Canadian guideline provides evidence-based approach to non-occupational HIV prophylaxis
Authors: O’Donnell Shannon , Tan Darrell H. S. , Hull Mark W.
Published: November 2018

The incidence of HIV infections in Canada has increased yearly since 2014. New cases of HIV have resulted almost exclusively from non-occupational exposures, including sexual contact and needle sharing. Appropriate HIV post-exposure prophylaxis is under-prescribed to patients who present to the emergency department after a high-risk exposure. In November of 2017, a Canadian guideline on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) was published. The guideline presents a standardized, evidence-based approach to assessing risk for HIV transmission and prescribing HIV prophylaxis. This summary highlights the key points from the guideline that are relevant to the practice of emergency medicine in Canada.
Amenable purely infinite actions on the non-compact Cantor set
Authors: ELEK GÁBOR
Published: November 2018

We prove that any countable non-amenable group$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$admits a free, minimal, amenable, purely infinite action on the non-compact Cantor set. This answers a question of Kellerhals, Monod and Rørdam [Non-supramenable groups acting on locally compact spaces.Doc. Math.18(2013), 1597–1626].
Density-dependent distribution of parasitism risk among underground hosts
Authors: Okuyama T.
Published: November 2018

Variation in parasitism risk among hosts can arise from between-patch and within-patch factors, but considerably less information is known about the latter. This study investigated how distributions of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis influenced its parasitism by the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii in the laboratory. Because B. dorsalis larvae pupate underground, pupation depth was considered as an important factor that affects the risk of parasitism. When the density of B. dorsalis larvae was varied (1, 10, and 100 larvae per arena), average pupation depth increased with the density. When the depth of pupae was manipulated, the rate of parasitism differed by depths. Parasitism at 0 cm differed from the random parasitoid model expectation, but parasitism at 1 cm was not different from the model expectation. Few pupae at 2 cm were parasitized. In another experiment, when pupae were simultaneously presented at 0 cm and 1 cm depths, parasitism at 1 cm was weakened by the presence of puape at 0 cm. These results imply that the density of the host influences pupation depth as well as the distribution of parasitism and plays an important role in host-parasitoid dynamics.
Weight change increases the odds of psychological distress in middle age: bidirectional analyses from the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Knüppel Anika , Shipley Martin J. , Llewellyn Clare H. , Brunner Eric J.
Published: November 2018

Background

Mood disorders and adiposity are major public health challenges. Few studies have investigated the bidirectional association of weight and waist circumference (WC) change with psychological distress in middle age, while taking into account the potential U-shape of the association. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional association between psychological distress and categorical change in objectively measured weight and WC.

Methods

We analysed repeated measures (up to 17 522 person-observations in adjusted analyses) of psychological distress, weight and WC from the Whitehall II cohort. Participants were recruited at age 35–55 and 67% male. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. We used random-effects regressions to model the association between weight and WC changes and psychological distress, with and without a 5-year lag period.

Results

Psychological distress was associated with weight and WC gain over the subsequent 5 years but not the second 5-year period. Weight gainandloss were associated with increased odds for incident psychological distress in models with and without time-lag [odds ratio (OR) for incident psychological distress after 5-year time-lag: loss 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.43; gain>5% 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.40]. WC changes were only associated with psychological distress in models without time-lag (OR for incident psychological distress: loss 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.64; gain>5% 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.58).

Conclusions

Weight gainandloss increase the odds for psychological distress compared with stable weight over subsequent 10 years. In contrast, the association between psychological distress and subsequent weight and WC changes was limited to the first 5 years of follow-up.
Course of Cognitive Functioning in Institutionalized Persons With Moderate to Severe Dementia: Evidence From the Severe Impairment Battery Short Version
Authors: Wolf Evelien T. , Weeda Wouter D. , Wetzels Roland B. , de Jonghe Jos F. M. , Koopmans Raymond C. T. M.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: To adequately monitor the course of cognitive functioning in persons with moderate to severe dementia, relevant cognitive tests for the advanced dementia stages are needed. We examined the ability of a test developed for the advanced dementia stages, the Severe Impairment Battery Short version (SIB-S), to measure cognitive change over time. Second, we examined type of memory impairment measured with the SIB-S in different dementia stages. Methods: Participants were institutionalized persons with moderate to severe dementia (N = 217). The SIB-S was administered at 6-month intervals during a 2-year period. Dementia severity at baseline was classified according to Global Deterioration Scale criteria. We used mixed models to evaluate the course of SIB-S total and domain scores, and whether dementia stage at baseline affected these courses. Results: SIB-S total scores declined significantly over time, and the course of decline differed significantly between dementia stages at baseline. Persons with moderately severe dementia declined faster in mean SIB-S total scores than persons with moderate or severe dementia. Between persons with moderate and moderately severe dementia, there was only a difference in the rate of decline of semantic items, but not episodic and non-semantic items. Conclusions: Although modest floor and slight ceiling effects were noted in severe and milder cases, respectively, the SIB-S proved to be one of few available adequate measures of cognitive change in institutionalized persons with moderate to severe dementia. (JINS, 2019, 25, 204–214)
FROM POLITY TO EXCHANGE: THE FATE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE CHANGING FIELDS OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: NEEM JOHANN N.
Published: November 2018

Gordon Wood stoked a strong response from his fellow early American historians in 2015 when, in the pages of theWeekly Standard, he accused the Omohundro Institute of Early American History, publishers of the prestigiousWilliam and Mary Quarterly, of abandoning interest in the development of the United States. “A new generation of historians is no longer interested in how the United States came to be,” Wood argued. “That kind of narrative history of the nation, they say, is not only inherently triumphalist but has a teleological bias built into it.” Wood blamed the shift away from the nation on historians’ interest in such issues as race and gender: “The inequalities of race and gender now permeate much of academic history-writing, so much so that the general reading public that wants to learn about the whole of our nation's past has had to turn to the history books written by nonacademics who have no PhDs and are not involved in the incestuous conversations of the academic scholars.” Of theWilliam and Mary Quarterly, Wood concluded, “without some kind of historical GPS, it is in danger of losing its way.”
New cranial material ofDiscosauriscus pulcherrimus(Seymouriamorpha, Discosauriscidae) from the Lower Permian of the Boskovice Basin (Czech Republic)
Authors: KLEMBARA Jozef , MIKUDÍKOVÁ Marika
Published: November 2018

We describe four newly discovered and three-dimensionally preserved specimens of the discosauriscid seymouriamorphDiscosauriscus pulcherrimusfrom the Lower Permian lacustrine sediments of the Boskovice Basin (Czech Republic). Their excellent preservation revealed new cranial features that allowed us to present a new skull reconstruction of middle-sized specimens of this tetrapod. The new features include: (1) the sculpturing of the anterior wedge-like process of the parasphenoid consisting of irregular ridges, grooves, low elevations and pits; and (2) the presence of a pair of semicircular crests on the posterodorsal surface of the parasphenoidal plate. We discuss the intraspecific variability of several characters, such as the type of dermal cranial ornamentation, and the morphology of the sensory grooves, nasolacrimal canal, dentition on the pterygoids and parasphenoid. The lengths of the skulls of four new specimens range from about 18 to 31mm and represent larval ontogenetic stages.
Evaluation of POST-Directed Applications of Flumioxazin in New Mexico Chile Pepper
Authors: Schutte Brian J. , Lehnhoff Erik A. , Beck Leslie L.
Published: November 2018

The objective for this study was to determine if POST-directed applications of flumioxazin reduce fruit yield for chile pepper produced on coarse- and fine-textured soils irrigated by furrow. This objective was addressed with a multiyear (2015, 2016, 2017) field study that compared flumioxazin effects on fruit yield against a commercial standard (POST-directed carfentrazone) and the absence of a POST-directed herbicide. The field study occurred at two university research farms that differed in soil texture. On fine-textured soil, treatments included the no POST–directed herbicide control and the following four POST-directed herbicides applied to raised beds: (1) flumioxazin at 107 g ai ha–1applied 4 wk after crop thinning, (2) carfentrazone at 35 g ai ha–1applied 4 wk after crop thinning, (3) flumioxazin at 70 g ai ha–1applied 4 and 6 wk after crop thinning, (4) carfentrazone at 35 g ai ha–1applied 4 and 6 wk after crop thinning. On coarse-textured soil, treatments included the no POST–directed herbicide control and the following three POST-directed herbicides applied 4 wk after crop thinning: (1) flumioxazin at 107 g ai ha–1applied to raised beds, (2) flumioxazin at 107 g ai ha–1applied to furrows, (3) carfentrazone at 35 g ai ha–1applied to raised beds. On fine-textured soil, treatment did not affect fruit yield. On coarse-textured soil, flumioxazin applied to furrows did not reduce fruit yield, but flumioxazin on raised beds reduced fruit yield of some cultivars in 2015 and 2017. Year-to-year variability in both flumioxazin-induced yield loss and soil characteristics suggested that chile pepper sensitivity to flumioxazin was negatively associated with soil organic matter content. In a follow-up greenhouse study, soil organic matter lessened flumioxazin-induced crop injury. In general, this study indicates that recommendations for POST-directed flumioxazin in New Mexico chile pepper will need to be soil-type specific.
Tele.TAnDem Increases the Psychosocial Resource Utilization of Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Töpfer Nils F. , Wilz Gabriele
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Tele.TAnDem is a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for dementia caregivers which incorporates resource activation as a superordinate heuristic. We investigated whether Tele.TAnDem increased the utilization of psychosocial resources in dementia caregivers. To this end, 273 dementia caregivers were randomly assigned to receive the Tele.TAnDem intervention (n = 139) or usual care (n = 134). Compared to the control group, at posttest caregivers in the intervention group had utilized more resources related to well-being and coping with daily hassles. Treatment effects on the utilization of resources related to social support were only marginally significantly greater at posttest for caregivers with higher baseline resource utilization. Treatment effects were not maintained at 6-month follow-up. Results indicate that Tele.TAnDem can successfully activate the psychosocial resources of dementia caregivers.
Nähe und Distanz in der psychiatrischen Pflege
Authors: Holtbernd Thomas
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Nähe und Distanz werden in der pflegerischen Arbeit in der Regel als soziales, vielleicht auch emotionales Phänomen verstanden. Der Autor sucht den tiefgründigen philosophischen Zugang.
Lehrpersonen als Unterstützer, Begleiter und Partner
Authors: Schoßmaier Gerhard
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Fragen von Nähe und Distanz werden für Auszubildende in den Pflegeberufen als drängend beschrieben. Der Pflegepädagoge Gerhard Schoßmaier stellt ein Modell vor, wie Auszubildende sensibler mit sich umzugehen lernen.
The Changing Character of the California Sierra Nevada as a Natural Reservoir
Authors: Rhoades Alan M. , Jones Andrew D. , Ullrich Paul A.
Published: November 2018

The mountains of the Western United States provide a vital natural service through the storage and release of mountain snowpack, lessening impacts of seasonal aridity and satiating summer water demand. However, climate change continues to undermine these important processes. To understand how snowpack may change in the headwaters of California's major reservoirs, the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment is analyzed to assess peak water volume, peak timing, accumulation rate, melt rate, and snow season length across both latitudinal and elevational gradients. Under a high‐emissions scenario, end‐of‐century peak snowpack timing occurs 4 weeks earlier and peak water volume is 79.3% lower. The largest reductions are above Shasta, Oroville, and Folsom and between 0‐ and 2,000‐m elevations. Regional climate model and global forcing data set choice is important in determining historical snowpack character, yet by end century all models show a significant and similar decline in mountain snowpack.
Correction to: ZIKA virus elicits P53 activation and genotoxic stress in human neural progenitors similar to mutations involved in severe forms of genetic microcephaly
Authors: El Ghouzzi Vincent , Bianchi Federico T. , Molineris Ivan , Mounce Bryan C. , Berto Gaia E. , Rak Malgorzata , Lebon Sophie , Aubry Laetitia , Tocco Chiara , Gai Marta , Chiotto Alessandra M. A. , Sgrò Francesco , Pallavicini Gianmarco , Simon-Loriere Etienne , Passemard Sandrine , Vignuzzi Marco , Gressens Pierre , Di Cunto Ferdinando
Published: November 2018

The authors wish to point out that the name of the first author is appearing incorrectly on Pubmed: it should be El Ghouzzi V (and not Ghouzzi VE). In addition, the words “and p53” appear at the end of the title in the original publication (https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2016266) and in the previous erratum version (https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2016446). This is not correct.
Apigenin suppresses the stem cell-like properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting YAP/TAZ activity
Authors: Li Ying-Wei , Xu Jian , Zhu Guo-Yuan , Huang Zhu-Juan , Lu Yan , Li Xian-Qian , Wang Neng , Zhang Feng-Xue
Published: November 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinical challenge because of the absence of effective therapeutic targets. In TNBC, overexpression of YAP and TAZ correlates with bioactivities of cancer stem cells (CSCs), high histological grade, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. Thus, YAP/TAZ may serve as potential therapeutic targets in TNBC. To identify YAP/TAZ inhibitors, in previous experiments, we screened a library of natural compounds by using YAP/TAZ luciferase reporter assay and identified apigenin as a potential inhibitor. In this study, we demonstrated that apigenin significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that apigenin inhibited stemness features of TNBC cells in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Our mechanism study demonstrated that apigenin decreased YAP/TAZ activity and the expression of target genes, such as CTGF and CYR61, in TNBC cells. We also showed that apigenin disrupted the YAP/TAZ-TEADs protein–protein interaction and decreased expression of TAZ sensitized TNBC cells to apigenin treatment. Collectively, our studies suggest that apigenin is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of TNBC patients with high YAP/TAZ activity.
Author Correction: Phosphorylation Dynamics Dominate the Regulated Proteome during Early Xenopus Development
Authors: Peuchen Elizabeth H. , Cox Olivia F. , Sun Liangliang , Hebert Alex S. , Coon Joshua J. , Champion Matthew M. , Dovichi Norman J. , Huber Paul W.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Identification of a Small Interface between the Methyltransferase and RNA Polymerase of NS5 that is Essential for Zika Virus Replication
Authors: Rusanov Timur , Kent Tatiana , Saeed Mohsan , Hoang Trung M. , Thomas Crystal , Rice Charles M. , Pomerantz Richard T.
Published: November 2018

The spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an international health emergency due to its ability to cause microcephaly in infants. Yet, our knowledge of how ZIKV replicates at the molecular level is limited. For example, how the non-structural protein 5 (NS5) performs replication, and in particular whether the N-terminal methytransferase (MTase) domain is essential for the function of the C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports, we find that MTase is absolutely essential for all activities of RdRp in vitro. For instance, the MTase domain confers stability onto the RdRp elongation complex (EC) and and is required for de novo RNA synthesis and nucleotide incorporation by RdRp. Finally, structure function analyses identify key conserved residues at the MTase-RdRp interface that specifically activate RdRp elongation and are essential for ZIKV replication in Huh-7.5 cells. These data demonstrate the requirement for the MTase-RdRp interface in ZIKV replication and identify a specific site within this region as a potential site for therapeutic development.
Numerical investigations of an ultra-compact polarization beam splitter based on augmented low-index guiding and subwavelength grating structures
Authors: Huang Chia-Chien
Published: November 2018

We report the design of an ultra-compact polarization beam splitter with high performance that is based on augmented low-index guiding and subwavelength grating (SWG) structures. The transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes are confined in high-index silicon (Si) and low-index silicon nitride (Si3N4), respectively. They are separated by using, respectively, a gradually curved Si waveguide and a Si3N4 SWG structure with optimal grating-element. The footprint of the proposed polarization beam splitters (PBS) is 2.9 × 2.25 μm2. The device offers high polarization extinction ratios (PERs) of ~18 dB for the two polarizations, with low insertion losses of ~0.22 dB (~0.71 dB) for the TE (TM) mode at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Over the broad band from λ = 1500–1650 nm, the PERs of the TE and TM modes are above 17 and 16 dB, respectively. By narrowing the operating band to the range from λ = 1500 to 1600 nm, the proposed PBS provides PERs of >17 dB for both polarizations. Finally, the fabrication tolerance of the designed PBS is also addressed and discussed in detail.
Structural basis for activation of plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase by calmodulin
Authors: Nitsche Julius , Josts Inokentijs , Heidemann Johannes , Mertens Haydyn D. , Maric Selma , Moulin Martine , Haertlein Michael , Busch Sebastian , Forsyth V. Trevor , Svergun Dmitri I. , Uetrecht Charlotte , Tidow Henning
Published: November 2018

Plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPases expel Ca2+ from the cytoplasm and are key regulators of Ca2+ homeostasis in eukaryotes. They are autoinhibited under low Ca2+ concentrations. Calmodulin (CaM)-binding to a unique regulatory domain releases the autoinhibition and activates the pump. However, the structural basis for this activation, including the overall structure of this calcium pump and its complex with calmodulin, is unknown. We previously determined the high-resolution structure of calmodulin in complex with the regulatory domain of the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase ACA8 and revealed a bimodular mechanism of calcium control in eukaryotes. Here we show that activation of ACA8 by CaM involves large conformational changes. Combining advanced modeling of neutron scattering data acquired from stealth nanodiscs and native mass spectrometry with detailed dissection of binding constants, we present a structural model for the full-length ACA8 Ca2+ pump in its calmodulin-activated state illustrating a displacement of the regulatory domain from the core enzyme.
GloPL, a global data base on pollen limitation of plant reproduction
Authors: Bennett J. M. , Steets J. A. , Burns J. H. , Durka W. , Vamosi J. C. , Arceo-Gómez G. , Burd M. , Burkle L. A. , Ellis A. G. , Freitas L. , Li J. , Rodger J. G. , Wolowski M. , Xia J. , Ashman T-L. , Knight T. M.
Published: November 2018

Plant reproduction relies on transfer of pollen from anthers to stigmas, and the majority of flowering plants depend on biotic or abiotic agents for this transfer. A key metric for characterizing if pollen receipt is insufficient for reproduction is pollen limitation, which is assessed by pollen supplementation experiments. In a pollen supplementation experiment, fruit or seed production by flowers exposed to natural pollination is compared to that following hand pollination either by pollen supplementation (i.e. manual outcross pollen addition without bagging) or manual outcrossing of bagged flowers, which excludes natural pollination. The GloPL database brings together data from 2969 unique pollen supplementation experiments reported in 927 publications published from 1981 to 2015, allowing assessment of the strength and variability of pollen limitation in 1265 wild plant species across all biomes and geographic regions globally. The GloPL database will be updated and curated with the aim of enabling the continued study of pollen limitation in natural ecosystems and highlighting significant gaps in our understanding of pollen limitation.
Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations
Authors: Akwi Faith M. , Watts Paul
Published: November 2018

A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia.
Si(bzimpy)2 – a hexacoordinate silicon pincer complex for electron transport and electroluminescence
Authors: Kocherga Margaret , Castaneda Jose , Walter Michael G. , Zhang Yong , Saleh Nemah-Allah , Wang Le , Jones Daniel S. , Merkert Jon , Donovan-Merkert Bernadette , Li Yanzeng , Hofmann Tino , Schmedake Thomas A.
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate the feasibility of hexacoordinate silicon complexes with dianionic pincer ligands as electron transport and electroluminescent components of organic electronic devices.
Significant enhancement of conductance of a hybrid layered molybdate semiconductor by light or heat
Authors: Wei Yong-Qin , Sun Cai , Chen Qing-Song , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: November 2018

Introduction of the viologen cation, a well-known electron acceptor, into molybdate layers led to a dramatic change in the conductance of the 2D hybrid material in the process of photo-induced and thermo-induced coloration.
Photoactive supramolecular cages incorporating Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) metal complexes
Authors: Rota Martir Diego , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: November 2018

Cage compounds incorporating phosphorescent Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) metal complexes possess a highly desirable set of optoelectronic and physical properties. This feature article summarizes the recent work on cage assemblies containing these metal complexes as photoactive units, highlighting our contribution to this growing field.
Nickel-catalysed decarbonylative borylation of aroyl fluorides
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xiu , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: November 2018

A transformation of aroyl fluorides with diboron via nickel-catalysed carbon–fluorine bond cleavage and a sequential decarbonylation, which provides an efficient protocol to functionalize arylboronates, has been reported.
Realizing high thermoelectric performance in Te nanocomposite through Sb2Te3 incorporation
Authors: Yang Heng Quan , Chen Yong Jin , Wang Xiao Yang , Miao Lei , Li Xiao Yan , Han Xiao Dong , Lu Xu , Wang Guo Yu , Zhou Xiao Yuan
Published: November 2018

Enhancement of thermoelectric performance in Te–Sb2Te3 nanocomposite results from the improved holes concentration and strengthened phonon scattering.
Solubility investigations in the amorphous calcium magnesium carbonate system
Authors: Purgstaller Bettina , Goetschl Katja E. , Mavromatis Vasileios , Dietzel Martin
Published: November 2018

In each experiment, chemical steady state conditions of the experimental system were attained only 2 min after the amorphous calcium magnesium carbonate (ACMC) material was dispersed into the MgCl2–NaHCO3 solution.