bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Interleukin-6 Dalam Menilai Respon Pengobatan Pada Sepsis Neonatorum Awitan Dini
Authors: Ciulianto Rudy , Mantik Max F. J. , Wilar Rocky , Tatura Suryadi N.N.
Published: August 2017

Latar belakang. Interleukin-6 memiliki potensi untuk menilai respon pengobatan selain sebagai biomarker sepsis.Tujuan. Menentukan peran IL-6 dalam mengevaluasi respon pengobatan pada sepsis neonatorum awitan dini (SNAD).Metode. Kami melakukan penelitian potong lintang dengan sampel SNAD yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 bayi dan mendapatkan informed consent dari orang tua serta persetujuan komite etik RSUP Kandou. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji t berpasangan.Hasil. Dari 40 sampel, terdapat 12 bayi laki-laki dan 3 bayi perempuan mengalami respon buruk. IL-6 sebelum dan sesudah terapi antibiotik pada kelompok respon baik memiliki nilai median 16,32 (Qd 5,23) dan 0,56 (Qd 0,46). Kelompok respon buruk memiliki nilai rerata IL-6 120,89 (SB 87,35) dan 503,71 (SB 479,97). Hasil uji Wilcoxon menyatakan penurunan IL-6 yang sangat bermakna terhadap kelompok respon baik (p<0,0001), begitu juga pada kelompok respon buruk terjadi peningkatan yang sangat bermakna dengan hasil uji t berpasangan (p=0,004). Kesimpulan. IL-6 merupakan biomarker yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk menilai respon pengobatan pada SNAD, IL-6 akan menurun jika diberikan antibiotik yang tepat.
Comentarios de libros: Comentario a José Ángel Brandariz García: El gobierno de la penalidad. La complejidad de la política criminal contemporánea
Authors: Zysman Quirós Diego
Published: August 2017

Comentarios de libros: Comentario a José Ángel Brandariz García: El gobierno de la penalidad. La complejidad de la política criminal contemporánea
Soft structures of groups and rings
Authors: Ghosh Jayanta , Mandal Dhananjoy , Samanta Tapas
Published: August 2017

Concept of soft equivalence relations (classes, mappings) are introduced using the notion of soft elements. Then we redefine the notion of soft group and soft ring in a new way by using the idea of soft elements and it is seen that our definitions of soft group and soft ring are equivalent to the existing notions of soft group [2] and soft ring [1]. The notion of soft coset is presented and validated by suitable examples. We investigate some important properties like soft divisor of zero, characteristic of a soft ring etc. by considering examples. Moreover, some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for a soft ring to be a soft integral domain and soft field.
La doctrina de la inconmensurabilidad en Paul Feyerabend: una objeción contra una particular concepción de racionalidad científica
Authors: Gargiulo Teresa
Published: August 2017

La inconmensurabilidad ha ocasionado innumerables controversias y debates. En estos parece ser unánime la interpretación de tal doctrina como una objeción contra la objetividad, el realismo y el progreso científico. Ahora bien, este marco hermenéutico es estrecho para poder comprender la intencionalidad de Paul Feyerabend al formular su doctrina de la inconmensurabilidad. Pues éste no pretendió cuestionar nunca a dichas nociones en cuanto tales sino únicamente mostrar cuán vano resulta ser el intento del neo-positivismo y del racionalismo popperiano por definirlas. En un sentido positivo sostenemos que la inconmensurabilidad en Paul Feyerabend impide o evita retomar, a la hora de definir aquellas nociones, las dialécticas propias del positivismo lógico o del racionalismo crítico. Nuestra intención en este trabajo es exponer su tesis de la inconmensurabilidad como un cuestionamiento a un modo particular de concebir la racionalidad científica y a sus consecuentes nociones de objetividad, progreso y realismo científico.
¿Tiene arraigo en el cerebro la libertad?
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús
Published: August 2017

El artículo se propone, en primer lugar, ofrecer un nuevo concepto de naturaleza humana, más allá de la metafísica tradicional y de la interpretación naturalista de las actuales neurociencias, superando así la unilateral apropiación cientificista del concepto de naturaleza humana y defendiendo una biohermenéutica, que cuenta con la pluralidad de perspectivas para comprender la realidad humana, como en el dualismo epistémico habermasiano. En segundo lugar, se indaga si en el cerebro tiene arraigo la libertad en el sentido de «libre albedrío» y de «autonomía», teniendo en cuenta la posición de acreditados neurólogos y el estudio de las disposiciones naturales en la concepción kantiana de la autonomía moral.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kerawanan dan Ketahanan Pangan dan Implikasi Kebijakannya di Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Hapsari Nugroho Indira , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: August 2017

Food security issue remains a worldwide concern and discussed in the main point of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) documents. Several problems threatening food security in addition to socioeconomic issue and the decline of agricultural land are the decrease of agricultural production caused by climate change. The Indonesian Government has proposed Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) to find out areas which require prioritized handling on food insecurity in order to determine appropriate policy strategy. Even though the result of FSVA 2015 concluded food security status in Rembang District, it does not guarantee similar condition in the villages. To complement the result of FSVA, this research attempts to identify food security and food insecurity at the village level by using spatial analysis and statistical analysis with factor analysis in order to examine the cause of food security and food insecurity. The result showed that most villages in Rembang fell into sufficient food security status (105 villages) and food security status (90 villages), but there remained 10 villages left into an extremely food insecurity status which required more attention. The result of factor analysis showed the main factor causing food security was food availability and the main factor of food insecurity was socioeconomic factors. Food security strategies and policies were determined by indicators which constructed factor grouping that affected food security and food insecurity. This strategy was not only to solve food insecurity problems but also to increase food security in Rembang.
Bot-teachers in hybrid massive open online courses (MOOCs): A post-humanist experience
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Kilgore Whitney , Crosslin Matt
Published: August 2017

Networked technologies have created many learning opportunities and led to new learning models such as massive open online courses (MOOCs). However, MOOCs are an evolving learning model that are even today changing according to learners’ needs. First generation cMOOCs and second generation xMOOCs are now being followed by third generation hybrid MOOCs. In these evolution cycles, there are many experimental practices such as the use of bot-teachers. This study examines and explains hybrid MOOCs and then focuses on the use of bot-teachers within a post-humanist perspective, using teaching presence from the community of inquiry (CoI) and actor-network theory (ANT) as theoretical lenses. The research findings reveal that, while the use of bot-teachers is promising and beneficial in terms of facilitating and increasing discourse, it is ineffective in providing other components of teaching presence such as direct instruction, and/or design and organisation. However, analysis found that the use of bot-teachers is very helpful in increasing interaction within a learning community and can be used as an assistant during the teaching/learning process. Additionally, learners’ positive behaviours indicate that bot-teachers seem to be working in some respects, indicating that they still hold promise as an educational tool.
Comparative study of the diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric citrullinated synthetic peptides and CCP3/CCP3.1 assays
Authors: Gómara María J. , Rodríguez Javier , Bleda María J. , Salvador Juan P. , Sanmartí Raimon , Haro Isabel
Published: August 2017

Background:

The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic yield of home-made ELISA tests based on synthetic chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated peptides (CFFCPs) with CCP3 and CCP3.1 commercial tests to detect anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The prognostic value is also studied in a cohort of patients with early RA. Moreover, we transfer immunological assays from microtiter plates to microarray formats to allow the simultaneous analysis of several peptide sequences and reduce the volume of serum from patients.

Methods:

The diagnostic study includes: 100 RA patients who fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria; 100 healthy blood donors; 35 patients with SLE according ACR criteria; 35 patients with PsA fulfilling the Wright and Moll criteria and 30 patients with HCV infection. The prognostic value study includes 50 patients with early RA with follow-up data available. All samples are from outpatients attending the Rheumatology Department of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona.

Results:

Similar sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis of RA of CCFCPs compared to CCP3/CCP3.1 were obtained. Although a high concordance is observed between anti-CFFCPs and anti-CCP3/CCP3.1 in the early patients that rendered Larsen radiographic progression, CFFCPs could be a better marker of radiographic outcome. Strong correlations between the microarray and ELISA results were found for individual CFFCPs peptides.

Conclusions:

The development of multiplexing techniques combining a different spectrum of markers in a single analysis, including CFFCP peptides, could allow a more detailed analysis of the autoantibodies reactivity found in the sera of patients suffering of this heterogeneous disease.
Space-Time Petrov–Galerkin FEM for Fractional Diffusion Problems
Authors: Duan Beiping , Jin Bangti , Lazarov Raytcho , Pasciak Joseph , Zhou Zhi
Published: August 2017

We present and analyze a space-time Petrov–Galerkin finite element method for a time-fractional diffusion equation
involving a Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order

α
∈

(
0
,
1
)

{\alpha\in(0,1)}

in time and zero initial data.
We derive a proper weak formulation involving different solution and test spaces and show the inf-sup condition for the bilinear form and thus its well-posedness.
Further, we develop a novel finite element formulation, show the well-posedness of the discrete problem, and
derive error bounds in both energy and

L
2

{L^{2}}

norms for the finite element solution. In the proof
of the discrete inf-sup condition, a certain nonstandard

L
2

{L^{2}}

stability property of the

L
2

{L^{2}}

projection operator plays a key role.
We provide extensive numerical examples to verify the convergence analysis.
Efficient Ultra-High Speed Communication with Simultaneous Phase and Amplitude Regenerative Sampling (SPARS)
Authors: Carlowitz Christian , Girg Thomas , Ghaleb Hatem , Du Xuan-Quang
Published: August 2017

For ultra-high speed communication systems at high center frequencies above 100 GHz, we propose a disruptive change in system architecture to address major issues regarding amplifier chains with a large number of amplifier stages. They cause a high noise figure and high power consumption when operating close to the frequency limits of the underlying semiconductor technologies. Instead of scaling a classic homodyne transceiver system, we employ repeated amplification in single-stage amplifiers through positive feedback as well as synthesizer-free self-mixing demodulation at the receiver to simplify the system architecture notably. Since the amplitude and phase information for the emerging oscillation is defined by the input signal and the oscillator is only turned on for a very short time, it can be left unstabilized and thus come without a PLL. As soon as gain is no longer the most prominent issue, relaxed requirements for all the other major components allow reconsidering their implementation concepts to achieve further improvements compared to classic systems. This paper provides the first comprehensive overview of all major design aspects that need to be addressed upon realizing a SPARS-based transceiver. At system level, we show how to achieve high data rates and a noise performance comparable to classic systems, backed by scaled demonstrator experiments. Regarding the transmitter, design considerations for efficient quadrature modulation are discussed. For the frontend components that replace PA and LNA amplifier chains, implementation techniques for regenerative sampling circuits based on super-regenerative oscillators are presented. Finally, an analog-to-digital converter with outstanding performance and complete interfaces both to the analog baseband as well as to the digital side completes the set of building blocks for efficient ultra-high speed communication.
Excessive exercise among adolescents with eating disorders: examination of psychological and demographic variables
Authors: Renz Jessica A. , Fisher Martin , Vidair Hilary B. , Hirsch Dina , Malizio Joan , Barger Hamutal , Fornari Victor
Published: August 2017

Background

While a large number of patients with eating disorders (EDs) engage in excessive exercise (EE), both for weight control and mood regulation, there has been minimal research evaluating the relationship between EE and demographic and psychological factors, especially in adolescent patients.

Purpose

The goals of this study were to identify the occurrence of EE compared to other ED behaviors and to develop a regression model examining psychological, behavioral and demographic predictors of EE among adolescents with EDs.

Methods

Demographic and clinical information was determined for 217 adolescent patients in several levels of care (126 outpatient, 61 day program, 28 inpatient) with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) (24.9%), bulimia nervosa (BN) (25.8%), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (49.3%). These patients presented to a large ED program and completed a series of questionnaires on admission to the program. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square analyses and multiple logistic regression were utilized to describe the population of adolescent patients and develop the model for predicting EE.

Results

Forty-seven percent of patients indicated they participated in EE in the past 4 weeks, compared to 32% for binge eating, 35% for vomiting and 15% for laxative use; 42% of patients with anorexia nervosa participated in EE, compared to 54% with bulimia nervosa and 49% with EDNOS. The regression model that was developed to predict EE, which included factors of depression, anxiety, dietary restraint, age, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis and level of care, correctly classified EE in 71.5% of cases. Dietary restraint and BMI were the two factors found to be significantly associated with EE.

Conclusions

Forty-seven percent of adolescent patients presenting for treatment of an ED reported participating in EE. This was larger than the numbers of patients reporting other ED behaviors that are commonly assessed, indicating the need for psychoeducation for multidisciplinary treatment teams, assessment, prevention, and clinical treatment services for this problematic behavior. It is important that those who treat patients with ED assess for and monitor EE behaviors that can complicate the treatment.
Perception of victims of rape and perception of gender social roles among college students in Southwest Nigeria: validation of a 5-item gender scale
Authors: Opekitan Afe Taiwo , Ogunsemi Olawale , Osalusi Bamidele , Adeleye Olufunke , Ale Ayotunde
Published: August 2017

Our study focused on the perception of victims of rape and the relationship with the perception of social roles for gender among college students in southwest Nigeria using a 5-item gender social scale and a perception of victims of rape questionnaire. The study was done among 312 college students in Southwest Nigeria and explored the perception of victims of rape and gender social roles. The aim was to determine the relationship between perception of rape victims and view of gender social roles. We used a perception of rape victims questionnaire and a validated 5-item gender social roles scale to assess the views of participants. The findings revealed that females had better perception of victims of rape than males. Females also had more positive views of females’ social roles involving gender. However, there was poor perception on work-related social roles and the traditional concept of headship in the varied situations described on the 5-item gender social scale. Old stereotypes of typically blaming victims of rape were not common beliefs among college students. There were no significant correlations between perception of victims of rape and perception of gender social roles among college students. Seemingly, the perception of victims of rape does not have a significant relationship with the concept of gender social roles.
The Role of Prosody in the Identification of Persian Sentence Types: Declarative or Wh-question?
Authors: Shiamizadeh Zohreh , Caspers Johanneke , Schiller Niels O.
Published: August 2017

It has been reported that prosody contributes to the identification of utterances which lack lexico-syntactic indicators of interrogativity but do have characteristic prosodic correlates (e.g. Vion and Colas 2006. Pitch cues for the recognition of yes-no questions in French. Journal of Psycholinguistics Research 35. 427–445). In Persian wh-in-situ questions, the interrogativity device (the wh-phrase) does not move to the sentence-initial position, and the pre-wh part is characterized by specific prosodic correlates (Shiamizadeh et al. 2016. Do Persian native speakers prosodically mark wh-in-situ questions? Manuscript submitted for publication). The current experiment investigates the role of prosody in the perception of Persian wh-in-situ questions as opposed to declaratives. To this end, an experiment was designed in which Persian native speakers were asked to choose the correct sentence type after hearing only the pre-wh part of a sentence. We hypothesized that prosody guides perception of wh-in-situ questions independent of wh-phrase type. The results of the experiment corroborate our hypothesis. The outcome is discussed in terms of Ohala´s frequency code, and Bolinger´s claim about the universal dichotomous association between relaxation and declarativity on the one hand and tension and interrogativity on the other hand.
Grasping Three Senses of the Notion “the Otherness of God” as the Grounds for Interreligious Toleration
Authors: Kiem Youngjin
Published: August 2017

On the issue of securing possible grounds for interreligious toleration, we are currently witnessing a prominent Christian view epitomized by the proposition that Christians should tolerate other religions because those religions are grounded in the otherness of God. For both Christians and non-Christians, employing the notion of God’s otherness to manifest the proper reason for tolerating other religions is a momentous venture. Unlike its appearance, however, the notion of God’s otherness envisaged and used in the context of interreligious toleration is liable to a serious predicament called the “toleration puzzle.” As a means of providing the remedy for the puzzle, in this paper I appeal for disambiguating the term “the otherness of God” and suggest three senses of it: “interior,” “exterior,” and “mediatory.” With this idea, I claim that when one employs the notion of God’s otherness in the context of grounding interreligious toleration, one should adopt the notion not in the single, one-sided sense but in the unified, three senses, especially placing value on the exterior and mediatory senses of the term. This proposal makes the Christian view that other religions are grounded in the otherness of God more acceptable.
Religious liberty as concept and reality. Two perspectives from Schillebeeckx and Nolan’s anthropologies
Authors: Simuţ Ramona
Published: August 2017

This paper is an analysis of two influential theologians who advocate the need for the Church as an institution to break with its tradition and set out on a journey of accommodation with the new realities of the world today. This journey proposed by Edward Schillebeeckx and Albert Nolan is panoramic since it investigates the possibility and necessity for the church to engage in a fair dialogue with society. At the end of this irregular trip into cohesion, this study will present the outcome of both Schillebeeckx and Nolan’ positions toward liberal theology as an alternative to dogmatism and political crisis. Therefore, the main objective of this study will be to facilitate a better understanding of the church and its tenets in its relationship with the oppressed and marginalized of the present times. The context in which Schillebeeckx and Nolan develop their respective theologies will be approached as two separate social realities of our present time, namely the Western culture and the African society. The aim is to determine the degree in which the liberty they both search for is taken into account by these two thinkers and how illustrative and relevant their perspective on church, God, history and suffering is for men and women living in nowadays eventful history.
Ferdinand de Saussure: La sémiologie et les sémiologies
Authors: Wunderli Peter
Published: August 2017

Ferdinand de Saussure postule une science générale des signes qu’il ap-pelle sémiologie. La langue n’en serait qu’un cas particulier caractériée par l’arbitrariété totale de ses unités. Cette caractéristique reviendrait aussi à l’écriture qui n’est cependant pas un systéme sémiologique primaire, mais un système secondaire dont la fonction est de représenter un système pri-maire (la langue). Il existe en outre des systèmes tertiaires comme, par example, l’alphabet Morse, l’écriture Braille, les systèmes de chiffrage, etc. Les modes de manifestation peuvent être soit acoustique soit visuel. Tandis que la langue et l’écriture sont totalement arbitraires, les autres systèmes sémiologiques peuvent être motivés jusqu’à un certain de-gré. À côté des sémiologies utilitaires il existe aussi des sémiologies esthé-tiques comme, par example, les légendes. La sémiologie elle-même n’est qu’un cas particulier de la sémiotique qui tient aussi compte des signes (ou indices) naturels. Les frontières entre langue, sémiologie et et sémiotique sont souvent flottantes et imprécises.
„Gesunde“ und leidvolle Religiosität. Versuch einer psychiatrisch-psycho(patho)logischen Abgrenzung
Authors: Demling Joachim Heinrich
Published: August 2017

Der vorliegende Artikel charakterisiert „gesunde“ Religiosität und, von klassisch psychiatrischem Standpunkt aus, psychopathologisch relevante Formen und stellt sie einander gegenüber. Auch die jeweiligen Auswirkungen auf das psychische Befinden werden berücksichtigt. Auf den Begriff „Spiritualität“ wird kurz eingegangen. Bei der vorliegenden Problematik sind Verständnis und Empathie besonders wichtig, um den kommunikativen und ggf. therapeutischen Zugang zu Menschen mit devianter Religiosität zu gewinnen.
Unterschreitung des satzungsmäßigen Unternehmensgegenstandes im Aktienrecht
Authors: Priester Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2017

Jede Aktiengesellschaft muss in ihrer Satzung den Gegenstand des Unternehmens, also ihr Betätigungsfeld benennen. Diese Angabe begrenzt die Handlungsmacht des Vorstandes. Er darf den so gezogenen Rahmen nach allgemeiner Ansicht nicht überschreiten. Ob er ihn auch unterschreiten darf, ist streitig. Nach hier vertretener Ansicht hat er den Gegenstand im Grundsatz voll auszufüllen. Will er davon abweichen, muss er die Hauptversammlung zu einer entsprechenden Satzungsänderung auffordern, und zwar vor der beabsichtigten Maßnahme. Eine vorübergehende Unterschreitung ist nur dann erlaubt, wenn konkrete Pläne für eine Wiederaufnahme der Tätigkeit bestehen.
Thermoregulatory and Perceptual Effects of a Percooling Garment Worn Underneath an American Football Uniform
Authors: Keen Megan L. , Miller Kevin C. , Zuhl Micah N.
Published: August 2017

Keen, ML, Miller, KC, and Zuhl, MN. Thermoregulatory and perceptual effects of a percooling garment worn underneath an American football uniform. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2983–2991, 2017—American football athletes are at the highest risk of developing exertional heat illness (EHI). We investigated whether percooling (i.e., cooling during exercise) garments affected perceptual or physiological variables in individuals exercising in the heat while wearing football uniforms. Twelve male participants (age = 24 ± 4 year, mass = 80.1 ± 8.5 kg, height = 182.5 ± 10.4 cm) completed this cross-over, counterbalanced study. On day 1, we measured peak oxygen consumption (V̇o
2). On days 2 and 3, participants wore percooling garments with (ICE) or without (CON) ice packs over the femoral and brachial arteries. They donned a football uniform and completed 3, 20-minute bouts of treadmill exercise at ∼50% of peak V̇o
2 (∼33° C, ∼42% relative humidity) followed by a 10-minute rest period. Ice packs were replaced every 20 minutes. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, and thirst sensation were measured before and after each exercise bout. Environmental symptoms questionnaire (ESQ) responses and urine specific gravity (Usg) were measured pretesting and after the last exercise bout. V̇o
2, change in heart rate (ΔHR), and change in rectal temperature (ΔTrec) were measured every 5 minutes. Sweat rate, sweat volume, and percent hypohydration were calculated. No interactions (F
17,187 ≤ 1.6, p ≥ 0.1) or main effect of cooling condition (F
1,11 ≤ 1.4, p ≥ 0.26) occurred for ΔTrec, ΔHR, thermal sensation, thirst, RPE, ESQ, or Usg. No differences between conditions occurred for sweat volume, sweat rate, or percent hypohydration (t
11 ≤ 0.7, p ≥ 0.25). V̇o
2 differed between conditions over time (F
15,165 = 3.3, p < 0.001); ICE was lower than CON at 30, 55, and 70 minutes (p ≤ 0.05). It is unlikely that these garments would prevent EHI or minimize dehydration in football athletes.
Using Microsensor Technology to Quantify Match Demands in Collegiate Women's Volleyball
Authors: Vlantes Travis G. , Readdy Tucker
Published: August 2017

Vlantes, TG and Readdy, T. Using microsensor technology to quantify match demands in collegiate women's volleyball.J Strength Cond Res31(12): 3266–3278, 2017—The purpose of this study was to quantify internal and external load demands of women's NCAA Division I collegiate volleyball competitions using microsensor technology and session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE). Eleven collegiate volleyball players wore microsensor technology (Optimeye S5; Catapult Sports, Chicago, IL, USA) during 15 matches played throughout the 2016 season. Parameters examined include player load (PL), high impact PL, percentage of HI PL, explosive efforts (EEs), and jumps. Session rating of perceived exertion was collected 20 minutes postmatch using a modified Borg scale. The relationship between internal and external load was explored, comparing S-RPE data with the microsensor metrics (PL, HI PL, % HI PL, EEs, and jumps). The setter had the greatest mean PL and highest number of jumps of all positions in a 5-1 system, playing all 6 rotations. Playing 4 sets yielded a mean PL increase of 25.1% over 3 sets, whereas playing 5 sets showed a 31.0% increase in PL. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p< 0.01) across all position groups when examining % HI PL and jumps. Cohen'sdanalysis revealed large (≥0.8) effect sizes for these differences. Defensive specialists recorded the greatest mean S-RPE values over all 15 matches (886 ± 384.6). Establishing positional load demands allows coaches, trainers, and strength and conditioning professionals to implement training programs for position-specific demands, creating consistent peak performance, and reducing injury risk.
Reliability of Three Timing Systems Used to Time Short on Ice-Skating Sprints in Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Willaert Emily M. , Rudningen Kyle E. , Noonan Benjamin C.
Published: August 2017

Bond, CW, Willaert, EM, Rudningen, KE, and Noonan, BC. Reliability of three timing systems used to time short on ice-skating sprints in ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3279–3286, 2017—Speed and acceleration are highly valued in ice hockey and frequently assessed using timing systems. Coaches must use reliable timing systems to assess these attributes, but many systems have not been thoroughly evaluated and the required number of sprint repetitions to obtain the coach's desired degree of reliability for a system may be impractical. This study aimed to compare the reliability of a single photocell (PC), a single laser with a microprocessor (LA), and a digital video camera (VC); and in doing so, evaluate the influence of completing additional sprint repetitions on each systems' reliability. We hypothesized that PC and LA would yield different times, have inferior reliability, and require a larger number of sprint repetitions to obtain the same degree of reliability compared with VC. Seventeen male ice hockey players completed 5 repetitions of a 9.15 m on ice-skating sprint timed simultaneously by PC, LA, and VC. The times obtained from VC were narrowly distributed around the mean compared with PC and LA and resulted in a mean sprint time approximately 0.05 and 0.07 second faster than PC and LA, respectively {PC: 1.74 second (95% confidence interval [1.72–1.76]); LA: 1.76 second [1.74–1.78]; VC: 1.69 second [1.67–1.70]}. When 2 sprint repetitions were completed, PC and LA typical error (TE) and smallest worthwhile difference (SWD) were 2.8- and 4.3-fold greater than VC, respectively. As more repetitions were completed, TE and SWD for PC and LA improved but remained approximately 2-fold greater than VC even when 5 repetitions were completed. With a smaller TE and SWD, VC was able to detect smaller “real” changes in a player's sprint performance over time compared with PC and LA.
Transient Plane and Line Source Methods for Soil Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Yao Jun , Likos William J.
Published: August 2017

Experiments were conducted to compare two sensing techniques for measuring thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils: (i) a modified transient plane source (MTPS) method for non-destructive measurements using a planar, interfacial heat reflectance sensor, and (ii) a transient line source (TLS-SP) method utilizing an embedded single-probe heat source. Measurement protocols for coarse-grained and fine-grained soils were developed. Thermal conductivity dry-out curves (TCDCs) were measured for five soil types, including poorly graded sand, well-graded sand with silt, silty sand, silt, and clay. The MTPS sensor consistently produced higher thermal conductivity for degrees of saturation greater than about 50 % but lower thermal conductivity for saturations less than 50 %. Saturated thermal conductivity measured using the MTPS sensor ranged from 8 % to 26 % greater than values measured using the TLS-SP sensor. Dry thermal conductivity measurements were comparable (<5 % difference) for fine-grained soils but were consistently and appreciably greater using the TLS-SP for coarse-grained soils. Mechanisms responsible for these differences include thermally induced water migration, latent heat transfer, sensor-soil contact resistance, gravity-induced water migration, and specimen heterogeneity. Secondary experiments indicated that the effects of gravity-induced water migration were insignificant within the short (<5 min) time frame elapsed between sample preparation and measurement.
An Improved Predictive Model for Energy Estimation in Milling
Authors: Unnikrishnan Arun , Rao P. V. M.
Published: August 2017

The present research work was concerned with the development of an improved predictive model for energy estimation in the machining process. The need for a comprehensive predictive model which can account for generic cutting conditions together with all machine tool related factors was felt and has been attempted here. The proposed model was able to consider all influencing factors such as machine tool specific factors, axes configurations, acceleration effects of feed drives, and machine tool accessories. This component of energy from the machine tool was combined with the cutting energy estimated from cutting forces. This experimentally validated model can estimate energy consumption for any generic case directly from computer numerical control (CNC) programs or process plans. The newly developed model is used to study various machining situations to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Restoration of Motor Defects Caused by Loss ofDrosophilaTDP-43 by Expression of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel,Cacophony, in Central Neurons
Authors: Lembke Kayly M. , Scudder Charles , Morton David B.
Published: August 2017

Defects in the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, are known to cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. A variety of experimental systems have shown that neurons are sensitive to TDP-43 expression levels, yet the specific functional defects resulting from TDP-43 dysregulation have not been well described. Using theDrosophilaTDP-43 ortholog TBPH, we previously showed that TBPH-null animals display locomotion defects as third instar larvae. Furthermore, loss of TBPH caused a reduction incacophony, a Type II voltage-gated calcium channel, expression and that genetically restoringcacophonyin motor neurons in TBPH mutant animals was sufficient to rescue the locomotion defects. In the present study, we examined the relative contributions of neuromuscular junction physiology and the motor program to the locomotion defects and identified subsets of neurons that requirecacophonyexpression to rescue the defects. At the neuromuscular junction, we showed mEPP amplitudes and frequency require TBPH.Cacophonyexpression in motor neurons rescued mEPP frequency but not mEPP amplitude. We also showed that TBPH mutants displayed reduced motor neuron bursting and coordination during crawling and restoringcacophonyselectively in two pairs of cells located in the brain, the AVM001b/2b neurons, also rescued the locomotion and motor defects, but not the defects in neuromuscular junction physiology. These results suggest that the behavioral defects associated with loss of TBPH throughout the nervous system can be associated with defects in a small number of genes in a limited number of central neurons, rather than peripheral defects.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTDP-43 dysfunction is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Loss- and gain-of-function models have shown that neurons are sensitive to TDP-43 expression levels, but the specific defects caused by TDP-43 loss of function have not been described in detail. ADrosophilaloss-of-function model displays pronounced locomotion defects that can be reversed by restoring the expression levels of a voltage-gated calcium channel,cacophony.We show these defects can be rescued by expression ofcacophonyin motor neurons and by expression in two pairs of neurons in the brain. These data suggest that loss of TDP-43 can disrupt the central circuitry of the CNS, opening up identification of alternative therapeutic targets for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Selective Modulation of Orbitofrontal Network Activity during Negative Occasion Setting
Authors: Shobe Justin L. , Bakhurin Konstantin I. , Claar Leslie D. , Masmanidis Sotiris C.
Published: August 2017

Discrete cues can gain powerful control over behavior to help an animal anticipate and cope with upcoming events. This is important in conditions where understanding the relationship between complex stimuli provides a means to resolving situational ambiguity. However, it is unclear how cortical circuits generate and maintain these signals that conditionally regulate behavior. To address this, we established a Pavlovian serial feature-negative conditioning paradigm, where male mice are trained on a trial in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented alone and followed by reward, or a feature-negative trial in which the CS is preceded by a feature cue indicating there is no reward. Mice learn to respond with anticipatory licking to a solitary CS, but significantly suppress their responding to the same cue during feature-negative trials. We show that the feature cue forms a selective association with its paired CS, because the ability of the feature to transfer its suppressive properties to a separately rewarded cue is limited. Next, to examine the underlying neural dynamics, we conduct recordings in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We find that the feature cue significantly and selectively inhibits CS-evoked activity. Finally, we find that the feature triggers a distinct OFC network state during the delay period between the feature and CS, establishing a potential link between the feature and future events. Together, our findings suggest that OFC dynamics are modulated by the feature cue and its associated conditioned stimulus in a manner consistent with an occasion setting model.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability of patterned cues to form an inhibitory relationship with ambiguously rewarded outcomes has been appreciated since early studies on learning and memory. However, it was often assumed that these cues, despite their hierarchical nature, still made direct associative links with neural rewarding events. This model was significantly challenged, largely by the work of Holland and colleagues, who demonstrated that under certain conditions cues can inherit occasion setting properties whereby they modulate the ability of a paired cue to elicit its conditioned response. Here we provide some of the first evidence that the activity of a cortical circuit is selectively modulated by such cues, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms of higher order learning.
Thermosensory Perceptual Learning Is Associated with Structural Brain Changes in Parietal–Opercular (SII) Cortex
Authors: Mano Hiroaki , Yoshida Wako , Shibata Kazuhisa , Zhang Suyi , Koltzenburg Martin , Kawato Mitsuo , Seymour Ben
Published: August 2017

The location of a sensory cortex for temperature perception remains a topic of substantial debate. Both the parietal–opercular (SII) and posterior insula have been consistently implicated in thermosensory processing, but neither region has yet been identified as the locus of fine temperature discrimination. Using a perceptual learning paradigm in male and female humans, we show improvement in discrimination accuracy for subdegree changes in both warmth and cool detection over 5 d of repetitive training. We found that increases in discriminative accuracy were specific to the temperature (cold or warm) being trained. Using structural imaging to look for plastic changes associated with perceptual learning, we identified symmetrical increases in gray matter volume in the SII cortex. Furthermore, we observed distinct, adjacent regions for cold and warm discrimination, with cold discrimination having a more anterior locus than warm. The results suggest that thermosensory discrimination is supported by functionally and anatomically distinct temperature-specific modules in the SII cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence that perceptual learning is possible within the temperature system. We show that structural plasticity localizes to parietal–opercular (SII), and not posterior insula, providing the best evidence to date resolving a longstanding debate about the location of putative “temperature cortex.” Furthermore, we show that cold and warm pathways are behaviorally and anatomically dissociable, suggesting that the temperature system has distinct temperature-dependent processing modules.
Systemic Neutrophil Depletion Modulates the Migration and Fate of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells to Rescue Functional Repair
Authors: Nguyen Hal X. , Hooshmand Mitra J. , Saiwai Hirokazu , Maddox Jake , Salehi Arjang , Lakatos Anita , Nishi Rebecca A. , Salazar Desiree , Uchida Nobuko , Anderson Aileen J.
Published: August 2017

The interaction of transplanted stem cells with local cellular and molecular cues in the host CNS microenvironment may affect the potential for repair by therapeutic cell populations. In this regard, spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological injuries and diseases all exhibit dramatic and dynamic changes to the host microenvironment over time. Previously, we reported that delayed transplantation of human CNS-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) at 9 or 30 d post-SCI (dpi) resulted in extensive donor cell migration, predominantly neuronal and oligodendrocytic donor cell differentiation, and functional locomotor improvements. Here, we report that acute transplantation of hCNS-SCns at 0 dpi resulted in localized astroglial differentiation of donor cells near the lesion epicenter and failure to produce functional improvement in an all-female immunodeficient mouse model. Critically, specific immunodepletion of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) blocked hCNS-SCns astroglial differentiation near the lesion epicenter and rescued the capacity of these cells to restore function. These data represent novel evidence that a host immune cell population can block the potential for functional repair derived from a therapeutic donor cell population, and support targeting the inflammatory microenvironment in combination with cell transplantation after SCI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe interaction of transplanted cells with local cellular and molecular cues in the host microenvironment is a key variable that may shape the translation of neurotransplantation research to the clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) human population, and few studies have investigated these events. We show that the specific immunodepletion of polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophils using anti-Ly6G inhibits donor cell astrogliosis and rescues the capacity of a donor cell population to promote locomotor improvement after SCI. Critically, our data demonstrate novel evidence that a specific host immune cell population can block the potential for functional repair derived from a therapeutic donor cell population.
Lipocalins Are Required for Apical Extracellular Matrix Organization and Remodeling in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Forman-Rubinsky Rachel , Cohen Jennifer D , Sundaram Meera V
Published: August 2017

A lipid and glycoprotein-rich apical extracellular matrix (aECM) or glycocalyx lines exposed membranes in the body, and is particularly important to protect narrow tube integrity. Lipocalins (“fat cups”) are small, secreted, cup-shaped proteins that bind and transport lipophilic cargo and are often found in luminal or aECM compartments such as mammalian plasma, urine, or tear film. Although some lipocalins can bind known aECM lipids and/or matrix metalloproteinases, it is not known if and how lipocalins affect aECM structure due to challenges in visualizing the aECM in most systems. Here we show that two Caenorhabditis  elegans lipocalins, LPR-1 and LPR-3, have distinct functions in the precuticular glycocalyx of developing external epithelia. LPR-1 moves freely through luminal compartments, while LPR-3 stably localizes to a central layer of the membrane-anchored glycocalyx, adjacent to the transient zona pellucida domain protein LET-653. Like LET-653 and other C. elegans glycocalyx components, these lipocalins are required to maintain the patency of the narrow excretory duct tube, and also affect multiple aspects of later cuticle organization. lpr-1 mutants cannot maintain a continuous excretory duct apical domain and have misshapen cuticle ridges (alae) and abnormal patterns of cuticular surface lipid staining. lpr-3 mutants cannot maintain a passable excretory duct lumen, properly degrade the eggshell, or shed old cuticle during molting, and they lack cuticle barrier function. Based on these phenotypes, we infer that both LPR-1 and LPR-3 are required to build a properly organized aECM, while LPR-3 additionally is needed for aECM clearance and remodeling. The C. elegans glycocalyx provides a powerful system, amenable to both genetic analysis and live imaging, for investigating how lipocalins and lipids affect aECM structure.
Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Afta
Authors: Indra Hasbi
Published: August 2017

Abstract Taman Pendidikan Al Qur’an (TPA), Pesantren and Madrasah Diniyah are important parts in the development of Islamic national education. Although the future of those Islamic education is quite difficult to be predicted, they have already become vital components of the national education system. In addition, the quality of this various Islamic institution is also leaded to the International standard education. This article is a qualitative research study which compare and contrast several literatures about Islamic religious education in Indonesia. ASEAN State of Education Report revealed that one of the 2013’s agenda is to develop the quality of education in ASEAN countries. Based on this agenda, Islamic education, which is an important part of the educational system in Indonesia, is also hoped to increase its quality and be ready to compete in International level to face the AFTA. Several efforts have been devoted in order to increase the quality of Islamic religious education. This research is qualitative research study. Abstrak Taman Pendidikan Al Qur’an (TPA), Pesantren dan Madrasah Diniyah merupakan bagian yang penting dalam perkembangan pendidikan Islam nasional. Meskipun cukup sulit untuk diprediksi. masa depan pendidikan Islam tersebut sudah menjadi komponen yang sangat penting bagi sistem pendidikan nasional. Lebih lagi, kualitas institusi Islam yang beragam ini juga mengarah kepada standar pendidikan internasional. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang membandingkan dan membedakan beberapa literatur tentang pendidikan Agama Islam di Indonesia. Laporan Bagian Pendidikan ASEAN menunjukkan bahwa salah satu agenda 2013 adalah untuk mengembangkan kualitas pendidikan di negara-negara ASEAN. berdasarkan agenda tersebut, pendidikan Islam, yang merupakan bagian penting darui sistem pendidikan di Indonesia, juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitasnya dan siap untuk bersaing di tingkat internasional untuk menghadapi AFTA. Beberapa usaha telah dicurahkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan agama Islam. How to Cite : Indra, H. (2015). Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Afta.TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society,2(2), 204-221. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2208. Permalink/DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2208