bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle and anxiety disorders: BDNF, a possible biomarker?
Authors: Farias Tatiana Marins , Cal Sílvia Fernanda Lima de Moura , Cerqueira Rebeca Ataide de , Lopes Ana Carolina Tavares , Sousa Danton Ferraz de , Freire João Vitor Costa , Bernardo Ana Julia
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Anxiety disorders (AD) are brain disturbances related to neurotransmitter circuits and neuroanatomic changes that are aggravated by unhealthy lifestyle. In turn, the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin responsible for cerebral plasticity, is related to alteration volume in some brain structures and it can be explained by some lifestyle factors. Objective: to analyze the relationship between BDNF and AD and describe possible damage to the psychic functions in individuals with these disorders. Methods: this was an integrative review of the literature of articles published between 2008 and 2018, selected in the bibliographic databases of PubMed, SciElo and LILACS.  Results: In total, 28 articles were selected, of studies conducted with humans and animals. The relationship between levels of BDNF, and AD was observed to have been approached, showing that the neurotrophic hypothesis could contribute to the physiopathology of ADs, including volumetric changes in regions of the brain, comprising psychic functions. Furthermore, studies have shown that the BDNF levels may reflect the effect of antidepressant or neuromodulation therapy, and that exposure to stressful factors may be related to individuals with this genetic variant being more vulnerable to developing AD. Conclusions: The data obtained in this research pointed towards an inverse relationship between BDNF levels and AD, and to the contribution of the  neurotrophic hypothesis to the neurobiology of these disturbances, including damage to the psychic functions. Whereas considering that other studies to not show this relationship, further studies need to be conducted to validate a possible association.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (PERIODE 2013-2019)
Authors: Wati Pur Ida , Handriani Eka , Supraptini Nunuk
Published: November 2023

Profitability is a ratio that describes the company's ability to earn profits through all existing capabilities and resources. The GAP in this study is the inconsistency of the theory with the inconsistent results of previous studies. In this study, we take the financial ratios of BOPO, NPL, LDR, and NIM. This study uses a causal associative method with a quantitative approach, the data used is secondary data derived from the financial statements of banking companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the period 2013-2019. The sample was determined by purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study consisted of 24 companies and analyzed using EVIEWS version 10. Data testing techniques used in this study include classical assumption test, correlation test, simple regression test, multiple regression test. Furthermore, testing the hypothesis using the coefficient of determination, t test and F test. The results of the analysis show that the From the simultaneous testing of all independent variables, the fcount (8.443) > ftable (2.66) with a probability (Prob F-Statistic) of (0.000 < 0.05). This shows that simultaneously the variables of Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Non- Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Net Interst Margin (NIM) together have an effect on ROA.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, CITA RASA, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP TINGKAT PENJUALAN PADA OUTLAT MINUMAN ICE SIBOT SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Sundari Anita Dwi , Supraptini Nunuk , Rahayu Sri
Published: November 2023

The difficulty of obtaining raw materials from suppliers as a result of the covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the quality of the Ice Sibot Drink product decreasing, this has resulted in complaints from consumers. The absence of product differentiation, the taste of Ice Sibot Drinks is still less attractive to consumers. The promotions that have been carried out have not been consistent and on a large scale so that the information conveyed to consumers is not large enough. These factors were identified as the cause of the decline in sales of Ice Sibot Drinks.In this study the method used is quantitative research with the independent variables used are product quality, taste, and promotion and the dependent variable is the level of sales. The sample in this research is 100 respondents. Questionnaire data collection techniques, data analysis techniques using SPSS version 23 data processing program.Furthermore, the study found that product quality, taste, and promotion of the level of sales of Ice Sibot Drinks in Salatiga City during the covid-19 pandemic. With the value of the correlation coefficient of product quality of 0.727, taste of 0.748 and promotion of 0.753. In addition, product quality, taste, and promotion also have an influence on the level of sales as indicated by the regression coefficient value for product quality of 0.785, taste of 0.687 and promotion of 0.682. Effect of product quality, taste, and promotion together – the same effect on the level of sales is shown from the results of the determination test of 0.64.5% with a value of Fcount (60.954) > Ftable (3.09) with a significance of 0.000 which is smaller than a significance level of 0.05.
Analisis Pengaruh Pendidikan, Partisipasi Kerja, Dan Upah Minimum Terhadap Pengangguran Di Provinsi Banten Tahun 2011-2020
Authors: Faizah Umi Nur , Woyanti Nenik
Published: November 2023

Masalah ekonomi yang terjadi pada Provinsi Banten adalah sempitnya kesempatan kerja sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya pengangguran. Banten memiliki tingkat pengangguran tertinggi dibandingkan 6 provinsi Di Pulau Jawa. Tingginya angka pengangguran di Provinsi Banten dapat menghambat pembangunan ekonomi. PenelitianÂ iniÂ bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan, partisipasi kerja, upah minimum terhadap pengangguran serta mengetahui secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap pengangguran di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan dataÂ sekunder yang didapatkan dari publikasi BPS Banten. Metode analisis yangÂ digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM) denganÂ waktuÂ penelitian 2011-2020. Hasil Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM) menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendidikan pengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan, variabel partisipasi kerja pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan, variabel upah pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran Provinsi Banten Tahun 2011-2020.Â DanÂ dapatÂ disimpulkanÂ bahwaÂ secaraÂ simultan variabel pendidikan, partisipasi kerja, dan upah mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Banten tahun 2011-2020.
Analisis Ketimpangan Wilayah dan Potensi Ekonomi di Kawasan Kedungsepur Tahun 2017-2021
Authors: Majiid Ilham Al , Woyanti Nenik
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengklasifikasikan pola pertumbuhan ekonomi antar kabupaten/kota, menganalisis besarnya tingkat ketimpangan wilayah, dan mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor dengan potensi untuk dikembangkan guna mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi tiap kabupaten/kota di Kawasan Kedungsepur. Data sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini, diolah menggunakan analisis Tipologi Klassen, Indeks Williamson, Indeks Theil, Location Quotient (LQ), dan Shift-Share. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pola pertumbuhan kabupaten/kota di Kedungsepur termasuk daerah relatif tertinggal. Tingkat ketimpangan antar kabupaten/kota di Kawasan Kedungsepur pada tahun 2017-2021 relatif tinggi dan cenderung mengalami kenaikan. Potensi sektor ekonomi yang berguna untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Kawasan Kedungsepur adalah sektor pertambangan dan sektor jasa-jasa di Kabupaten Grobogan; sektor jasa-jasa di Kabupaten Demak; sektor jasa pendidikan di Kabupaten Semarang; sektor pertambangan dan sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Kendal; sektor akomodasi dan makan minum, dan sektor jasa perusahaan di Kota Salatiga; serta sektor informasi dan komunikasi di Kota Semarang.
Peran NPM dalam Memoderasi Hubungan Risiko Pasar dan Risiko Fundamental Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi pada perusahaan Sub Sektor Transportasi periode 2019-2021)
Authors: Puspitasari Diana , Oktoriza Linda Ayu
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peran NPM dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Risiko Pasar dan Risiko Fundamental Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel penjelas Price to Book Value (PBV) untuk mengukur nilai perusahaan, serta variabel dependne yang terdiri dari risiko pasar yang diukur dengan rasio pasar Price Earning Ratio (PER) dan risiko fundamental yang diukur dengan rasio fundamental Debt Equity Ratio (DER) dan Net Profit Margin (NPM), sebagai moderasi. Pengujian data menggunakan smart PLS untuk data panel sebanyak 39 sampel yang diperoleh selama masa penelitian. Peningkatan hutang (DER) akan berdampak pada kebijakan pembagian dividen sehingga laba tidak optimal, ketika laba tidak optimal maka sinyal perusahaan menunjukkan kinerja perusahaan juga kurang baik sehingga berdampak pada penurunan nilai kinerja perusahaan (PBV). Sedangkan Net Profit Margin (NPM) yang besar menunjukkan bahwa operasional perusahaan berjalan lancar dan memiliki kinerja keuangan yang baik namun tidak mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan. Temuan selanjutnya adalah Net Profit Margin (NPM) dikatakan sebagai variabel yang berpotensi menjadi variabel moderasi pada hubungan DER terhadap PBV. Dimana peningkatan laba yang optimal mencerminkan pencapaian perusahaan sehingga dapat meningkatkan citra dan nilai perusahaan dan menarik investor dalam menanamkan kembali dananya dalam bentuk permodalan atau bagian dari pendanaan eksternal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi salah satu indikator investasi yang dilakukan oleh investor. Selain itu, data historis yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai penjelasan untuk meningkatkan nilai buku perusahaan pada periode yang akan datang.Kata kunci: Price to Book Value (PBV), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Net Profit Margin (NPM).Â
ANALISIS PENGARUH PDRB, UNIT USAHA, DAN UMK TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR BESAR DAN SEDANG DI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2015 - 2019
Authors: Widodo Putri Eka Nugrahani , Woyanti Nenik
Published: November 2023

Pembangunan ekonomi yang mengarah pada industrialisasi dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan. Sektor industri di Provinsi Jawa Timur dapat memberikan kontribusi paling tinggi terhadap struktur PDRB sehingga diharapkan berperan menjadi sektor pemimpin. Industri Besar dan Sedang memiliki potensi dalam meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) Pengaruh PDRB, unit usaha, dan UMK terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja industri manufaktur besar dan sedang di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015-2019 2) Faktor yang paling dominan pengaruhnya terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja industri manufaktur besar dan sedang di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015 â€“ 2019. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari tahun 2015 hingga tahun 2019 yang bersumber dari BPS Jawa Timur. Variabel yang digunakan adalah PDRB, unit usaha, dan UMK di Jawa Timur. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan model menggunakan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan pembobotan Generalized Least Square (GLS) dan diolah dengan Eviews 10. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa unit usaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan PDRB berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan dan UMK berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenga kerja industri manufaktur besar dan sedang di Jawa Timur tahun 2015 - 2019. Variabel yang paling dominan dalam penelitian ini adalah unit usaha.
PENGARUH JUMLAH WISATAWAN, JUMLAH OBJEK WISATA, DAN PAJAK HOTEL DAN RESTORAN TERHADAP PAD SEKTOR PARIWISATA PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2010 - 2019
Authors: Al Fariz Muhammad Gilang , Arianti Fitrie
Published: November 2023

Sektor pariwisata merupakan sektor yang dianggap mampu dalam mendorong perekonomian daerah dimana sektor ini sebagai salah satu sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh jumlah wisatawan, jumlah objek wisata, dan pajak hotel dan restoran terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) sektor pariwisata di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta periode 2010-2019. Populasi yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian adalah kabupaten/kota di DIY. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Dinas Pariwisata DIY. Dalam penelitian ini mengunakan analisis data panel dengan Generalize Least Square Model (GLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Variabel jumlah kunjungan wisatawan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah sektor pariwisata. Variabel Jumlah objek wisata berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah sektor pariwisata. Sedangkan, variabel Pajak Hotel dan Restoran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah sektor pariwisata Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta periode 2010-2019.Katakunci:JumlahWisatawan,Jumlah Objek Wisata,Pajak Hotel dan Restoran, Pendapatan Asli Daerah Sektor Pariwisata,GeneralizeLeastSquares.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT UPAH, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KESEMPATAN KERJA, DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA (STUDI KASUS 34 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Al Farrell Irfan Muhammad , Atmanti Hastarini Dwi
Published: November 2023

AbstrakPermasalahaan ketenagakerjaan khususnya pengangguran di Indonesia masih banyak yang perlu diatasi. Angkatan kerja yang sangat melimpah diharapkan dapat seluruhnya tertampung dalam terbukanya lapangan pekerjaan. Beberapa penyebab pengangguran yang sangat umum di negara berkembang dikarenakan oleh faktor struktural seperti sistem pendidikan dan hubungannya dengan pasar tenaga kerja. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh tingkat upah, pertumbuhan ekonomi, kesempatan kerja, dan pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Indonesia.Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data panel, yaitu gabungan dari data time series dan cross section yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel. Analisis regresi data panel digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat upah, pertumbuhan ekonomi, kesempatan kerja, dan pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua variabel yang tidak signifikan karena kondisi tertentu yang terjadi di Indonesia. Variabel upah minimum provinsi menunjukkan hasil tidak berpengaruh signifikan karena adanya kekakuan upah. Variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi menunjukkan hasil tidak berpengaruh signifikan yang sebabkan oleh ketimpangan pada sektor lapangan usaha dan bentuk demografi wilayah Indonesia. Variabel kesempatan kerja menunjukkan hasil berpengaruh signifikan namun berhubungan positif hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kesempatan kerja yang tersedia tidak sesuai dengan keinginan pencari kerja. Variabel pendidikan memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia.Kata kunci : Regresi Data Panel, Tingkat Upah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kesempatan Kerja, Pendidikan, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka.
Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN), Tenaga Kerja dan Pengangguran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2015 â€“ 2019
Authors: Tri Pamungkas Rahmat Arif , Hayati Banatul
Published: November 2023

Keberhasilan pembangunan suatu wilayah dapat diukur melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah tersebut. Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan kenaikan jangka panjang dalam kemampuan suatu negara untukÂ  menyediakanÂ  semakinÂ  banyak jenis barang-Â  barangÂ  ekonomi kepada penduduknya (Kuznet, 2011). Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam periode 2015-2019 selalu lebih tinggi dari pertumbuhan ekonomi Nasional, tetapi jika dibandingkan dengan provinsi lain yang ada di pulau jawa Provinsi Jawa Tengah masih tertinggal.Â Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh indeks pembangunan manusia, penanaman modal dalam negeri, tenaga kerja dan pengangguran terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi 35 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah selama periode 2015-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel melalui pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS).Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa variabel indeks pembangunan manusia dan tenaga kerja Â berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, variabel pengangguran berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan variabel penanaman modal dalam negeri berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah. Sedangkan secara simultan variabel indeks pembangunan manusia, penanaman modal dalam negeri, tenaga kerja dan pengangguran secara bersama â€“ sama bepengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota yang ada di Jawa Tengah.Â Â
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU WISATAWAN DALAM MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN OBJEK WISATA (STUDI KASUS: CANDI GEDONG SONGO)
Authors: NIngrum Eka Widya , Iskandar Deden Dinar
Published: November 2023

The growth of tourism does not only have a positive impact such as an increase in the regional economy, but it can also cause negative externalities. One of the example is environmental damage in the tourist area. Environmental sustainability in the tourist area will be greatly influenced by the behavior of the tourists. This study aims to analyze touristsâ€™ behavior toward the environment. This study used primary data from questionnaires distributed to the respondents who visit Candi Gedong Songo. Furthermore, this study uses multiple linear regression analysis which is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The results of the study show that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on intention. Intention, income, and amenities positively and significantly affect touristsâ€™ environmentally responsible behavior. Age has a negative effect while education and personal values have no effect on touristsâ€™ environmentally responsible behavior.Keywords: Touristâ€™s behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, Environmental Responsible Behavior, Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ordinary Least Squares.
Balochistan and CPEC: Analyzing the Indian Factor
Authors: Mujahid Iman
Published: November 2023

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has promising economic and infrastructural developments for Pakistan. The stability and success of CPEC is dependent on the security and peace of Balochistan. Out of the multiple problems CPEC faces, the instability and chaos in Balochistan is one of the major issues. The role of India cannot be ignored in this case, because the development and prospects of CPEC are conflicted with India’s national as well as regional interest. This paper explores the Indian direct and indirect intervention in Balochistan which is hampering the viability and potentiality of CPEC. This paper focuses on the geostrategic, economic, and security implications for Pakistan considering the rise in the activities of the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) to destabilize the internal security avenues of Pakistan. The lucid connection between the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and BLA to hinder the functionality of CPEC for the maintenance of the Indian Hegemonic power in the region is investigated. The possible policy options Pakistan can adopt to make the environment conducive in Balochistan for the safe and sound completion of CPEC is also discussed. This qualitative research uses descriptive and explanatory techniques to analyze the multi-faceted implications of the Indian involvement in Balochistan and its consequent impact on CPEC.
Deterrence and the Problem of Attribution in Cyberspace: An Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Options for Pakistan
Authors: Khan Akbar
Published: November 2023

This study examines the concept of deterrence and the problem of attribution in cyberspace. Unlike conventional deterrence, deterrence in cyberspace is perplexing, and the problem of attribution makes it even more complex. However, the advancement of technology and its sophistication have made deterrence in cyberspace, as well as attribution, relevant. States in the context of cyber rivalry employ different strategies to deter their rivals in cyberspace, such as threat of punishment, denial by defense, entanglement, etc. This study further argues that the threat of punishment is relatively less effective as compared to denial by defense and entanglement because robust infrastructure and a resilient system would imbalance the cost-benefit equation, making the attack futile and costly. Furthermore, this study suggests that investing in and advancing scientific capabilities, as well as strengthening infrastructure and defense capabilities, would help improve attribution forensics while improving the deterrence capability of states in general, and Pakistan in particular. This would make the attacking states realize that the costs of attacks would exceed the benefits.
Comparison of Perceptions of Borderland Communities: A Case Study of Pak-Afghan & Indo-Pak Border
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad
Published: November 2023

People living in borderlands are influenced by a multitude of factors that impact their social capital value in comparison to people living in the hinterlands. Opportunities for development for people living on the borderlands are limited, due to migration, war, displacement, social evils such as smuggling of goods, and illegal trafficking across the border. This highlights the gap between both communities and the state's value of treating them as social capital. In this study, the perception of people living on the border of Indo-Pak and Pak-Afghan borders and their value towards the state's measure in social capital will be highlighted. This study aims to explore the impact of the perceptions of borderland communities living near and on the border of India-Pakistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan. As these two borders vary in nature of hostility, a comparison can be drafted in the value of social capital. The methodology adopted for this study is based on qualitative analysis using a stratified sampling technique. Twenty in-depth interviews ten, from each borderland (Indo-Pak and Pak-Afghan border), will be conducted for this research to highlight the gaps. The findings of this research conclude that Media, the varying level of governance and administration, security and community development opportunities are of a different dimension for the people living on borders. The impact of culture, religion, ethnicity, and national identities becomes very complex to describe. Social capital requires the social inclusivity of communities from both the borderland and the hinterland.
The US-China Trade War: Hard Implications of a Soft War
Authors: Baig Muhammad Ali , Barrech Dost Muhammad , Shabbir Dr. Talat
Published: November 2023

The end of the Cold War reinforced the term globalisation, where states became more intertwined economically, tilted towards consolidation of their economic ties. However, great power politics kept in gaining buoyancy in the international relations; resultantly, the United States initiated and later amplified its trade with China. Hitherto, the latter became the second largest trade partner of the former. During the last couple of years, such ties between the two witnessed a turbulent trajectory. However, America under Trump administration, accused China of raping the US economy, being an unfair trade partner, and spattered of becoming a currency manipulator. To minimize and equalize the trade deficit that reached almost 345.6 billion USD in 2019, the Trump administration initiated a unique trade war between the two great economies; consequently, such policy decisions remained one of the hottest issues in international politics. The Trump Doctrine hinged upon America First; and the imposition of strict tariffs on numerous Chinese products, surprised the international commentators and economists. The article intends to probe the strategic context of the US-China Trade War and the implications of such on a global level. It also explores continuity of the same under the Biden administration. It tentatively provided a way forward for both great powers as well.
Perbandingan Konsentrasi HPMC Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)
Authors: Any Khoirotuzzahra  , Fajaryanti Nita , Esti Mediastini  , Pitarisa Agustina Putri
Published: November 2023

The soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are one of the plants containing acetogenins compounds and some alkaloids muricolin, cauxine, couclamine, stepharine and reticulin. These compounds are able to act as antibacterial causes of acne namely Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The extraction of soursop leaves is obtained by extracting the leaves of the shingle using the maseration method. The extract is formulated into a gel set with a difference in HPMC base concentration(Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). The use of different HPMC concentrations aims to know the base concentration of HPMC there are differences or not in the gel ready ethanol extract of the shingle leaves. Physical stability testing conducted includes organoleptic, homogeneity, protection power, scatter power, lystuff, pH and viscosity with storage room temperature of 25ºC - 30ºC for 4 weeks. The results of the gel-ready physical stability study at room temperature storage of 25ºC - 30ºC for 4 weeks showed stable results for organoleptic testing, homogeneity, protection power, scattering power, pH and 2% thness at HPMC concentrations, while unstable results in viscosity tests.
Asma Bronkial
Authors: Syahril Rusli  , Fahreza Fahreza
Published: November 2023

Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronik pada saluran nafas dengan karakteristik hiperreaktiviti bronkus terhadap berbagai rangsangan, keterlibatan sel inflamasi dan penyempitan saluran nafas. Penyakit ini dapat mengenai semua umur dan Asma menduduki sepuluh besar penyebab kesakitan dan kematian di Indonesia sehingga diperlukan terapi yang tepat dalam pengobatannya.  Telah dilaporkan satu kasus asma bronkial pada seorang wanita usia 18 tahun, dengan gambaran klinis sesak napas, yang diperberat pada malam hari dan saat mengkonsumsi beberapa makanan tertentu, pemeriksaan fisik paru didapatkan suara wheezing pada kedua lapang paru. Diagnosis ditegakkan bedasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik. Penderita diberikan terapi bronkodilator short acting β2 agonist (SABA) dan inhalasi kortiko steroid serta terapi sesuai gejala pada pasien, dengan prognosis yang baik.
Analisis Implementasi Keberhasilan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Puskesmas (SIMPUS): Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: I Wayan Santika  , Dety Mulyanti
Published: November 2023

Puskesmas Management Information System (PMIS) as a modern technology that is very important in data processing procedures based on information technology and integrated with manual procedures and other procedures to produce timely and effective information to support management decision-making processes. The PMIS application is a form of innovation in the public sector that focuses on the health sector which can accommodate all activities of implementing health services at the Puskesmas whose implementation is always evaluated for the success of this modern application. The purpose of this theoretical review is to find out how PMIS is successfully implemented. The method used is a theoretical review by analyzing and comparing existing theories.  The results of this theoretical review are vendor support, IT infrastructure and government regulation and support. It can be concluded that the Puskesmas is one of the first level of health services in an effort to provide health services.  This service includes planning, implementing, evaluating, recording, and reporting as outlined in a comprehensive puskesmas management system. With the successful implementation of PMIS it is also necessary to carry out monitoring and evaluation.
Pengaruh Kelas Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida Di Puskesmas Tarabintang Kec Tarabintang Kab Humbang Hasundutan Tahun 2023
Authors: Rosmaida Barutu  , Isyos Sari Sembiring  , Emma Dosriamaya Noni Br. Simanjuntak3  , Ninsah Mandala Putri Sembiring  , Basaria Manurung  , Sonia Novita Sari
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND First pregnancy for a prospective mother is a new journey marked by physical and psychological changes resulting in various psychological problems. One of the psychological aspects that influences pregnancy is anxiety. Apart from that, anxiety arises in pregnant women, influenced by the physical changes that occur during pregnancy, namely the stomach getting bigger and the body getting fatter (Utami, 2017). The pregnant women's class program in Indonesia started in 2010 and implementation at the Tarastar Community Health Center, Tarastar District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency began in 2012. One of the expected results from the implementation of the pregnant women's class is an understanding, change in attitudes and behavior of pregnant women so that pregnant women can undergo their pregnancy calmly and comfortably, avoiding physical and mental illness, and childbirth can take place normally, which ultimately contributes to reducing maternal mortality. PURPOSE: To determine the effect on anxiety of primigravida mothers at the Tarastar Community Health Center, Tarastar Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2023. The quasi-experimental design METHOD with the normality test of this data uses the Shapiro Wilk Test because it is adapted for small research samples. RESULTS: The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the level of anxiety between primigravida mothers who took the class for pregnant women and those who did not take the class for pregnant women. Suggestions are given for research and for research sites and for educational institutions regarding factors related to knowledge and attitudes of post partum mothers regarding Pregnancy Mother classes.
Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Ibu Hamil Dalam Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Antenatal Care (K4) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pancur Batu Tahun 2023
Authors: Dealita Khairani Daulay  , Balqis Nurmauli Damanik  , Asnita Yani
Published: November 2023

One of the efforts made to reduce MMR is the Antenatal Care (ANC) examination program which is mandatory for pregnant women. Antenatal care (ANC) is a planned program in the form of observation, education and medical treatment for pregnant women, to achieve a safe and satisfactory pregnancy process and preparation for childbirth. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the behavior of pregnant women in the use of Antenatal Care (K4) services in the Pancur Batu Community Health Center Work Area in 2023. This research uses a descriptive analytical design using quantitative methods with a cross sectional research design approach. The number of samples in this study was 62 respondents. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge of integrated antenatal care, p = 0.010 (p < a or 0.010 < 0.05). There is a relationship between the Role of the Family in Integrated Antenatal Care, p= 0.001 (p < a or 0.001 < 0.05). It is recommended that pregnant women pay more attention to their pregnancy, namely by making regular integrated antenatal care visits so that the mother's pregnancy can be monitored by health workers.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Pembatasan Cairan Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Di Ruang Hemodialisa RSUD Raja Ahmad Tabib Provinsi Kepri
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati  , Indah Purnama Sari  , Rizki Sari Utami
Published: November 2023

WHO (World Health Organization) data for 2020 is one of the main health problems in the world, globally around 1 in 10 of the world's population is identified as chronic kidney disease. The aim of this research is to determine the factors associated with compliance with fluid restrictions in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis room at Raja Ahmad Tabib Hospital, Riau Islands Province. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of 48 people. Data collection methods and tools use questionnaires. The conclusion from the data analysis is that there is a significant relationship between family support and compliance with fluid restrictions in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis with a significant value of 0.007<0.05, there is a relationship between staff support and compliance with fluid restrictions with a sig p value of 0.000<0, 05 and there is a relationship between the length of HD and compliance with fluid restrictions with a sig p value of 0.000 <0.05 in the Chi Square test. Suggestion: it is hoped that this research can increase knowledge regarding compliance with fluid restrictions in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis, so that respondents can minimize the occurrence of complications due to excess fluid.
Antibiotic Resistance in Vibrio spp. Causing Disease in Barramundi Fish (Lates Calcarifer) Eye
Authors: Naryaningsih Agustien , Akhmad Shofie Rahmah Chairani
Published: November 2023

The cultivation of barramundi fish (Lates calcarifer) is widely carried out because barramundi fish has a relatively high economic value. The disease in question is caused by Vibrio spp. bacteria, which are marine bacteria that often affect barramundi fish, and the treatment for the bacteria is antibiotics. Therefore, research was conducted to test several types of antibiotics and observe the bacterial resistance reaction to the administration of these antibiotics. The methods used in this study included media preparation, purification, and microscopic characterization, liquid media preparation, solid media preparation, and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Vibrio spp. are still sensitive to antibiotics at a rate of 61.27%, resistant at 18.14%, and intermediate at 20.59%. Bacterial isolate characteristics were divided into several types: Irregular, Punctiform, Round, and Round Umbonate. Irregular, Punctiform, Round, and Round Umbonate are still sensitive to antibiotics at rates ranging from 37.5% to 66.67%. Other results include intermediate and resistance with results ranging from 15.63% to 37.5% and 15.10% to 25.00%, respectively. The highest sensitivity results were found in antibiotics such as Gentamycin (98.94%), Co-Amoxiclave (86%), Tetracycline HCl (72.55%), Ciprofloxacin HCl (82.35%), Azithromycin (52.94%), and Doxycycline (54.90%). On the other hand, the highest intermediate and resistance results were found in chloramphenicol (52.94%) and Ampicillin (60.78%), respectively. Ampicillin is considered to be the antibiotic that the bacteria are resistant to because of its small inhibitory zone.
Isolation and Macroscopic Characterization of Molase and Bacteria from Acanthus sp. Mangrove Sediments
Authors: Kurniawan Putri Nadhira Rachmani , Arifin Zaenal
Published: November 2023

Acanthus sp. grows in mangrove sediments with a muddy texture that contains nutrients, allowing specific bacteria to thrive. This study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from mangrove sediment (Acanthus sp.) cultured in media with added molasses. Bacteria were cultivated on solid molasses media I and II. The planting process began with the sediment sample being dissolved in distilled water for 30 minutes before undergoing sixfold dilution. Subsequently, the samples were planted on molasses media I and II with different compositions. The planting was carried out using the spread plate method, where 100µL of the final three dilutions was added. The bacteria were then incubated until bacterial colonies that could use molasses as a carbon source for their metabolism grew. Molasses is a residual substance from sugar production in sugarcane plants, which still contains fermentable sugars optimally utilized by bacteria for metabolic processes. The results of bacterial cultivation revealed differences in growth diversity, with media II exhibiting greater diversity than media I. Bacterial diversity was observed using macroscopic identification methods, focusing on the colony's appearance. This suggests that the composition of media II is more suitable for bacterial growth.
In vitro antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Cocculus laurifolius leaves
Authors: Maqbool Sidra , Younus Ishrat
Published: November 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Cocculus laurifolius leaves. The concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml of ethanolic extract were used to evaluate the antifungal potential of extract. The experiment was conducted using agar disc diffusion method against five different fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Micro sporumcanis, Candida glabrata, Trichphyton rubrum and Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was observed by estimating the zone of fungal growth inhibition. Cocculus laurifolius showed significant decrease in fungal growth at all selected concentrations. However, the extract revealed maximum zone of inhibition at higher doses. The outcomeof this study illustrated that ethanolic extract of Cocculus laurifolius leaves possess substantial in-vitro antifungal properties.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS USING SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Masood , Khan Tanveer Ahmed , Valery Kasatkin
Published: November 2023

There are various routes of drug administration available such as oral, sublingual, inhalation, and rectal. Among all, the oral route of drug administration is most widely used. Tablet is the most popular dosage form among all existing dosage forms. The most conventional tablets are immediate release but these tablets are only suitable for drugs with high solubility and high permeability. In this study, five different Orodispersible tablet formulations were prepared. Various Natural and Synthetic super disintegrants were used in all formulations including Plantago Ovata (F1), Sodium Alginate (F2), Fenugreek (F3), Croscarmellose Sodium (F4) & Crospovidone (F5). Various pre-formulation and post-formulation tests were performed for all five (05) formulations like Angle of repose, Bulk density, Tapped density and Compressibility index. Additionally, all of the prepared formulations were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, drug content, and disintegration time and dissolution rate. Furthermore, stability testing of Risperidone Oro dispersible tablets was conducted. The results revealed that all the formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 complied with the official specification limits. Among all formulations, F1 showed the best results in terms of less disintegration and increased dissolution of drug as compared to other formulations, and the F1 formulation showed good stability results as well.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA: FACTORS AND LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Rafiq Kiran
Published: November 2023

Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder regarding eating habits that affects females far more often than males and is most commonly observed in adolescent females. The exact cause of anorexia has not been definitively established, but thoughts about self-image, family dynamics, and community pressures to some extent genetic factors can be accountable for the disorder. According to a report it affects about one percent of adolescent girls in America. Under the condition, people be likely to illustrate neurotic behaviors and may become infatuated with food that led to extreme dieting and weight loss and to the stage of malnutrition. Actually, characterized by anxiety, especially is experienced during eating and poor self-image in the mirror. The present study is aimed to quantify the percentage of population suffering from the disorder and to correlate the age and gender with the issue. The current study was conducted among teen aged, undergraduate and adults. Male and female read a ten-point vignette describing the conditions that were further quantify to understand the relationship between food anxiety, eating disorders, and related correlates as like co- morbid disorders and personality. One in each twelve participants was observed for experiencing food anxiety at high. They spent meal time with full concentration on their imaginary obesity, mistakes and mishaps consequently stress lowers their appetite. The findings showed that how psychological and personality disorders of perfectionism correlates to anxiety during meals and emotional strain of being obese.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF THE GENERAL POPULATION IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN TOWARDS HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND THE DISEASE
Authors: Hamid Madiha , Khan Hira , Asghar Saira , Iqtadar Rabia , Nafees Mahnoor , Jalil Mahnoor , Khalid Rumaisha , Tanveer Filza
Published: November 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) causes a serious infection that has been increasingly spreading in Pakistan in recent years. The probable causes may include illiteracy, absence of appropriate health services, and less community awareness about the spread of major infectious diseases. This study has evaluated the awareness of HBV infection in different areas of Karachi. A survey-based questionnaire with a total of 25 awareness questions was filled out by the general population as well as people related to the medical field. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20 and chi-square tests were used for the p-significance value. A total of 646 responses were collected out of which, 56.50% were medical personnel and 43.50% belong to the general population. In the current study the awareness of HBV was categorized into highly aware, moderately aware, and less awareness level and it was assessed based on gender, marital status, residential area, and educational background. The awareness level was found to be very low in the general population mostly belonging to the rural areas, which ultimately leads to the morbidity rate of hepatitis B virus infection. To improve the level of awareness about infectious diseases, it is necessary to conduct awareness campaigns among people that are not related to the medical community.
Using Objective and Subjective Measures of Cognition to Predict Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Abilities in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rubel Ariella , DelMastro Heather M. , Ruiz Jennifer A. , Lo Albert C. , Gromisch Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cognitive impairment, difficulty performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs), depression, and fatigue are common among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Some associations between these symptoms are known; however, many of their relationships remain unclear. This study investigated the contributions of subjective and objective cognition, depressive symptom severity, and fatigue on ADLs and IADLs.

METHODS:

Participants (N = 217) were individuals with MS from a comprehensive MS center, participating in a larger study characterizing upper extremity function in MS. Outcome measures of ADL and IADL abilities were the Functional Status Index-Assistance (FSI-A) and Functional Status Index-Difficulty (FSI-D) and the Test D’évaluation Des Membres Supérieurs de Personnes Âgées (TEMPA). Predictors were objective cognition (Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT), subjective cognition (Performance Scales©-Cognition; PS-C), depressive symptom severity (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D-10), and fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS-5). Correlations were conducted, followed by hierarchal linear regressions. The SDMT and PS-C were entered into separate models.

RESULTS:

After controlling for demographics, the SDMT significantly predicted the TEMPA and FSI-A, while the PS-C predicted only the FSI-D. The CES-D-10 predicted the FSI-D even after accounting for PS-C and SDMT, while the MFIS-5 only predicted the FSI-D when the SDMT was included. Neither the CES-D-10 nor MFIS-5 significantly predicted the FSI-A or TEMPA.

CONCLUSIONS:

The way an individual with MS perceived their symptoms significantly contributed to their reported difficulty with functional tasks, while only their objective cognitive functioning predicted ADL and IADL performance and the level of assistance they would require.
NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY AS A CARRIER OF DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
Authors: Lutovac Miloš , Živković Aleksandar
Published: November 2023

Industrial policy is an important mean that enables governments to promote industrial development and accelerate economic growth. However, specific measures adopted by successful industrialized countries cannot be easily applied to other countries, not only because of the special socio-economic conditions of individual countries but also because the changes in the global environment affect the effectiveness of industrial policy instruments. New approaches to industrial policy are present worldwide, especially after the crisis caused by COVID19 pandemic. Strengthening the industrial sector is the key to recovery. To achieve this important goal, industrial policy must be at the center of government reactions. It cannot be expected that the direction of development which is characteristic for developed countries of the world will be applied to Serbia. It is necessary to change the current strategy for the development of Serbian industry. The goal of Serbia's new industrial policy is to promote structural changes in industry in favor of higher value-added goods and services, modernization, integration into global value chain, development of a knowledge-based economy and positioning for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The analysis is dedicated to state incentives which are part of the new industrial policy of Serbia and are one of the measures by which the state influences the increase in investment, employment growth and creating a more attractive business environment for domestic and foreign investors.
ARE SANCTIONS FOR LOSERS? A NETWORK STUDY OF TRADE SANCTIONS
Authors: Ashtar Telarico Fabio
Published: November 2023

Studies built on dependency and world-system theory using network approaches have showed that international trade is structured into clusters of ‘core’ and ‘peripheral’ countries performing distinct functions. However, few have used these methods to investigate how sanctions affect the position of the countries involved in the capitalist world-economy. Yet, this topic has acquired pressing relevance due to the emergence of economic warfare as a key geopolitical weapon since the 1950s. And even more so in light of the preeminent role that sanctions have played in the US and their allies’ response to the Russian-Ukrainian war. Applying several clustering techniques designed for complex and temporal networks, this paper shows that a shift in the pattern of commerce away from sanctioning countries and towards neutral/friendly ones. Additionally, there are suggestions that these shifts may lead to the creation of an alternative ‘core’ that interacts with the world-economy’s periphery bypassing traditional ‘core’ countries such as EU member States and the US.