bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age‐related regional brain T2‐relaxation changes in healthy adults
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Delshad Sean , Woo Mary A. , Macey Paul M. , Harper Ronald M.
Published: October 2011

Purpose:

To determine normal T2‐relaxation values from different brain areas in healthy adults, assess age‐related T2‐relaxation changes in those sites, and evaluate potential gender‐related T2‐relaxation value differences.

Materials and Methods:

We performed proton‐density and T2‐weighted imaging in 60 healthy adults (male: 38, age range = 31–64 years, mean age ± SD = 46.1 ± 9.3 years; female: 22, age range = 37–66 years, mean age ± SD = 49.5 ± 8.3 years), using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. T2‐relaxation values were calculated voxel‐by‐voxel from proton‐density and T2‐weighted images, and whole‐brain T2‐relaxation maps were constructed and normalized to a common space. A set of regions‐of‐interest were outlined within the basal ganglia, limbic, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, thalamic, hypothalamic, cerebellar, and pontine regions using mean background images derived from normalized and averaged T2‐weighted images of all individuals, and regional T2‐relaxation values were determined from these regions‐of‐interest and normalized T2‐relaxation maps. Pearson's correlations were calculated between T2‐relaxation values and age, and male–female differences evaluated with independent‐samples t‐tests.

Results:

T2‐relaxation values typically increased with age in multiple brain sites; only a few regions showed declines, including the putamen and ventral pons. Sex‐related differences in T2‐relaxation values appeared in basal ganglia, frontal, temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions; males showed higher values over females in these sites.

Conclusion:

Establishment of normative adult T2‐relaxation values over different brain areas, with age and sex as co‐factors, offers baseline values against which disease‐related tissue changes can be assessed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;300‐308. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of substituents and protonation on the mechanism of 1,3‐dipolar retro‐cycloaddition reaction of pyrrolidino[60]‐ and [70]fullerenes
Authors: Maroto Enrique , Filippone Salvatore , Martín‐Domenech Angel , Suárez Margarita , Martín Nazario , Martínez‐Alvarez Roberto
Published: October 2011

The mass spectra of new substituted pyrrolidino[60]‐ and [70]fullerenes have been obtained using electrospray ionization conditions in the positive and negative mode of detection with two different mass spectrometers, a quadrupole ion trap and a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Radical anions M●− and deprotonated molecules [M–H]− are formed under negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry conditions, and the collision‐induced dissociations of both ionic species have been studied. Either negative odd‐electron ions or negative even‐electron ions undergo a retro‐cycloaddition process forming the corresponding fullerene product ions C60●− and C70●−. The generation of fullerene radical anions from deprotonated molecules is a new exception of the “even‐electron rule.” In contrast, the protonated molecules [M + H]+ obtained from the positive mode of detection do not undergo this cycloreversion reaction, and the MSn experiment reveals a variety of eliminations of neutral molecules involving different hydrogen shifts and multiple bond cleavages that lead eventually to substituted methanofullerene fragment ions. The observed fragmentations can be correlated with the electronic character of the substituents attached to the heterocyclic moiety. The results obtained from the thermal reactions of these compounds, carried out under different pH conditions, correlate well with those obtained in gas phase. The different behaviors between protonated and unprotonated molecules and ions can be explained assuming that the retro‐cycloaddition reaction takes place only when the nitrogen atom of the pyrrolidine ring (the basic center of the molecule) is unprotonated both in gas and condensed phase. The protonation of the NH group inhibits the cycloreversion process, and therefore different fragmentations take place. The detailed mechanisms of the formation and evolution of the intermediate fragments are described. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the extent and genera of cloud cover on solar radiation intensity
Authors: Matuszko Dorota
Published: October 2011

This paper aims to describe the influence of cloud cover, its extent and cloud genus, on solar radiation intensity measured at the Earth's surface. Solar radiation intensity values at varying degrees of cloudiness, based on observations and measurements performed between 2003 and 2007 in Krakow (Poland), are analysed in this paper. Analyses show that cloud cover impacts solar radiation intensity in two ways: usually weakening it, but intensifying in certain weather conditions. The greatest solar radiation intensity can be detected not when the sky is cloudless, but when it is partly cloudy (3/8‐6/8), with convective clouds present. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Stochastic state‐space temperature regulation of biochar production. Part II: Application to manure processing via pyrolysis
Authors: Cantrell Keri B , Martin Jerry H
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:State‐of‐the‐art control systems that can guarantee the pyrolytic exposure temperature are needed in the production of designer biochars. These designer biochars will have tailored characteristics that can offer improvement of specific soil properties such as water‐holding capacity and cation exchange capacity.

RESULTS:A novel stochastic state‐space temperature regulator was developed for the batch production of biochar that accurately matched the pyrolytic exposure temperature to a defined temperature input schedule. This system was evaluated by processing triplicate swine manure biochars at two temperatures, 350 and 700 °C. The results revealed a low coefficient of variation (CV) in their composition and near‐similar13C nuclear magnetic resonance structure as well as thermal degradation patterns. When pyrolysing at 350 °C, the stochastic state‐space regulator generated a biochar with lower CV in ultimate (i.e. CHNS) compositional analysis than the original feedstock.

CONCLUSION:This state‐space controller had the ability to pyrolyse a feedstock and generate a consistent biochar with similar structural properties and consistent compositional characteristics. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic state‐space temperature regulation of biochar production. Part I: Theoretical development
Authors: Cantrell Keri B , Martin Jerry H
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The concept of a designer biochar that targets the improvement of a specific soil property imposes the need for production processes to generate biochars with both high consistency and quality. These important production parameters can be affected by variations in process temperature that must be taken into account when controlling the pyrolysis of agricultural residues such as manures and other feedstocks.

RESULTS: A novel stochastic state‐space temperature regulator was developed to accurately match biochar batch production to a defined temperature input schedule. This was accomplished by describing the system's state‐space with five temperature variables—four directly measured and one change in temperature. Relationships were derived between the observed state and the desired, controlled state. When testing the unit at two different temperatures, the actual pyrolytic temperature was within 3 °C of the control with no overshoot.

CONCLUSION: This state‐space regulator simultaneously controlled the indirect heat source and sample temperature by employing difficult‐to‐measure variables such as temperature stability in the description of the pyrolysis system's state‐space. These attributes make a state‐space controller an optimum control scheme for the production of a predictable, repeatable designer biochar. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India
Authors: Verma Ram Swaroop , Padalia Rajendra Chandra , Chauhan Amit
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Two Ocimum basilicum cultivars, ‘Vikarsudha’ and ‘CIM‐Saumya’, grown in the Kumaon region of western Himalaya were evaluated for their essential oil yield and composition at different stages of plant growth during two distinct cropping seasons (spring–summer and rain–autumn).

RESULTS: The highest yield of essential oil was obtained at full bloom stage in both cultivars in both cropping seasons. The essential oils obtained from different stages in two cropping seasons were analysed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major component of cultivar ‘Vikarsudha’ was methyl chavicol (84.3–94.3%), while for cultivar ‘CIM‐Saumya’ the main components were methyl chavicol (62.5–77.6%) and linalool (14.4–34.1%).

CONCLUSION: This study clearly indicated that cultivar, cropping season, plant ontogeny and plant part had significant effects on the yield and quality of the essential oil of O. basilicum. Further, the amount of methyl chavicol in the cultivars grown in this region was higher than in cultivars from other parts of India. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen on the synthesis of γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus subtilis SK 11.004
Authors: Li Weiqiao , Jiang Bo , Mu Wanmeng , Miao Ming , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a widely distributed enzyme that is of interest in the food industry. In this study the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on GGT synthesis from Bacillus subtilis SK 11.004 were investigated.

RESULTS: GGT production increased to 0.5 U mL−1 when the pH value was controlled at 6.5. The control of a single DO level revealed that the highest specific growth rate (3.42 h−1) and GGT production rate (0.40 U g−1 mL−1) were obtained at DO levels of 40 and 10% respectively. To satisfy the different oxygen demands at different stages of cell growth and GGT synthesis, a stage DO level control strategy was designed as follows: 40% from 0 to 4 h, 30% from 4 to 6 h and 10% from 6 to 18 h. Furthermore, the maximum biomass (2.27 g L−1) and GGT production (3.05 U mL−1) could be obtained using a fermentation strategy combining a constant pH value with stage DO level control.

CONCLUSION: The proposed fermentation strategy resulted in a 13.7‐fold increase in GGT production. This finding should be of great importance for the industrial production of GGT. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Acidified sodium chlorite optimisation assessment to improve quality of fresh‐cut tatsoi baby leaves
Authors: Tomás‐Callejas Alejandro , López‐Velasco Gabriela , Artés Francisco , Artés‐Hernández Francisco
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The fresh‐cut industry commonly uses sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for disinfection. However, there are certain problems related to its use, and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) could be an alternative sanitiser to replace it. There is limited research evaluating the effect of ASC on the overall quality of fresh‐cut produce, especially sensory quality. In this study the decontamination efficacy and quality attribute effects of ASC on fresh‐cut tatsoi after application and during storage were investigated.

RESULTS: Tatsoi baby leaves were minimally processed at 8 °C and stored under passive modified atmosphere packaging for up to 11 days at 5 and 10 °C. Low to moderate doses of ASC (100–500 mg L−1) showed an initial antimicrobial efficacy on natural microflora and Escherichia coli as effective as that of NaClO. Regarding contact time, ASC was effective in reducting the E. coli population during the first 30 s of washing, and an increase in contact time did not improve the antimicrobial effect. Sensory quality attributes were well kept for up to 11 days at 5 °C but for only 5 days at the abusive temperature of 10 °C.

CONCLUSION: ASC provides an alternative sanitising technique to NaClO for maintaining the quality and safety of fresh‐cut tatsoi baby leaves for up to 11 days at 5 °C. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of postoperative pelvic irradiation after complete resection of metastatic rectal cancer
Authors: Chang Chul Young , Kim Hee Cheol , Park Young Suk , Park Joon Oh , Choi Doo Ho , Park Hee Chul , Cho Yong Beom , Yun Seong Hyeon , Lee Woo Yong , Chun Ho‐Kyung
Published: October 2011

Background and Objectives

The 2010 NCCN clinical practice guidelines recommend radiation as a part of the standard adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment for stage IV rectal cancer patients. This study evaluated the oncologic efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RTx) in loco‐regional control after complete removal of primary and metastatic lesions in stage IV rectal cancer.

Methods

Sixty‐eight patients with metastatic rectal cancer were enrolled and analyzed. Twenty‐eight of the enrolled patients received concurrent postoperative RTx with chemotherapy (RTx group) and the remaining 40 received only postoperative systemic chemotherapy (CTx) without RTx (non‐RTx group). The eligibility criteria were as follows: a primary rectal tumor located in the low or mid‐rectum, no postoperative macroscopic and microscopic evidence of residual tumor in primary and metastatic sites, and no history of prior CTx or pelvic RTx.

Results

The recurrence rates were 75.0% in the RTx group and 72.5% in the non‐RTx group. Local recurrence rates were 7.1% (RTx group) and 22.5% (non‐RTx group) (P = 0.108). There were no differences in overall survival (OS), local recurrence‐free survival, and disease‐free survival between the two groups. The 2‐year OS rates were 78.9% (RTx group) and 74.1% (non‐RTx group) (P = 0.395).

Conclusions

Survival benefit of postoperative RTx in stage IV rectal cancer after complete removal of tumors was not apparent. RTx could be recommended for selected patients at high risk of local recurrence or for palliation of symptoms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:244–248. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SALINE SOILS AND AEOLIAN DUST
Authors: de la Paix M. J. , Lanhai L. , Xi C. , Varenyam A. , Nyongesah M. J. , Habiyaremye G.
Published: October 2011

Field studies were carried out near Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, to investigate the pollutants present and salinity of soils and the physicochemical content of aeolian dust. The data on aeolian dust and saline sediments showed that soil formation and salinization may be related to aeolian processes. The ecological status of the region a major cause of aeolian material in the Lake. The results revealed that dust originating from the dried bottom of the Lake and riversides contribute to the formation of East African dust storms and adversely affects the climate of the region. Apart from copper and zinc that were identified as heavy metals that polluted the Lake, petroleum products, Fe and Mn were also the main pollutants. Chemical properties of the soils are related to sediment composition of aeolian material, some elements like Zn, Fe, Cd and Cu. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domino Liver Transplantation
Authors: Popescu Irinel , Dima Simona O.
Published: October 2011

Domino liver transplantation (DLT) has emerged as a strategy for increasing the number of liver grafts available: morphologically normal livers from donors with metabolic diseases can be used for select recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (usually outside the Milan criteria). Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is the most common indication for DLT. When FAP patients are involved in DLT, the indications and outcomes are clear and good, although de novo FAP development within various periods of time has been described in DLT recipients of FAP livers. With the increasing need for organs, livers explanted from patients with rare metabolic diseases, such as primary hyperoxaluria (PH), acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFHC), are being used for DLT. However, insufficient data about the use of livers from patients with these rare metabolic diseases are available. In this review, we focus on the latter disorders. PH is not a good indication for DLT because recipients of PH livers develop hyperoxaluria and early acute renal failure. AIP also seems to be a debatable indication for DLT because of the rapid development of neurotoxicity in AIP liver recipients. However, the outcomes of DLT with HFHC and MSUD liver grafts (which include the risk of the de novo development of these genetic diseases) are promising. For rare metabolic liver diseases to be established as indications for DLT, more reports and studies are needed.
Parenteral Nutrition Supplementation in Biliary Atresia Patients Listed for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Sullivan Jillian S. , Sundaram Shikha S. , Pan Zhaoxing , Sokol Ronald J.
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of parenteral nutrition (PN) on the outcomes of biliary atresia (BA) patients listed for liver transplantation (LT). We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all BA patients at our institution who underwent hepatoportoenterostomy and were listed for LT before the age of 36 months between 1990 and 2010. The initiation of PN was based on clinical indications. Twenty-five PN subjects and 22 non-PN subjects (74% female) were studied. The median PN initiation age was 7.7 months, the mean duration was 86 days, and the mean amount of energy supplied by PN was 77 kcal/kg/day. Before PN, the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and the mid-arm circumference (MAC) z scores were decreasing. After PN, TSF (P < 0.001) and MAC (P < 0.001) improved significantly. The PN group had lower MAC and TSF scores than the non-PN group at the time of LT listing. Between listing and LT, MAC and TSF improved in the PN group and worsened in the non-PN groups; as a result, the 2 groups had the same z scores at LT. The PN group had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites before LT, but there were no differences in the rates of pre-LT bacteremia, days in the intensive care unit after LT, or patient or graft survival. In conclusion, PN improves the nutritional status of malnourished BA patients awaiting LT, and this is associated with post-LT outcomes comparable to those of patients not requiring PN.
Early use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is an independent risk factor for incisional hernia development after liver transplantation
Authors: Montalti Roberto , Mimmo Antonio , Rompianesi Gianluca , Serra Valentina , Cautero Nicola , Ballarin Roberto , De Ruvo Nicola , Cunningham Gerring Robert , Enrico Gerunda Giorgio , Di Benedetto Fabrizio
Published: October 2011

Incisional hernias (IHs) are common complications after liver transplantation (LT) with a reported incidence of 1.7% to 34.3%. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the risk factors for IH development after LT with a focus on the role of immunosuppressive therapy during the first month after LT. We analyzed 373 patients who underwent LT and divided them into 2 groups according to their postoperative course: an IH group (121 patients or 32.4%) and a no-IH group (252 patients or 67.6%). A univariate analysis demonstrated that the following were risk factors related to IH development: male sex (P = 0.03), a body mass index ≥ 29 kg/m2 (P = 0.005), LT after 2004 (P = 0.02), a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥ 22 (P = 0.01), and hepatitis B virus infection (P = 0.01). The highest incidence of IHs was found in patients treated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (54.5%, P = 0.004). A multivariate analysis revealed male sex (P = 0.03), a pretransplant MELD score ≥ 22 (P = 0.04), and the use of mTOR inhibitors (P = 0.001) to be independent risk factors for IHs after LT. In conclusion, immunosuppressive therapy with mTOR inhibitors is an important independent risk factor for IH development after LT. To reduce the incidence of IHs, mTOR inhibitors should be avoided until the fourth month after LT unless their use is deemed to be strictly necessary. Liver Transpl 18:188–194, 2012. © 2011 AASLD.
Validation of the Donor Risk Index in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Within the Eurotransplant Region
Authors: Blok Joris J. , Braat Andries E. , Adam Rene , Burroughs Andrew K. , Putter Hein , Kooreman Nigel G. , Rahmel Axel O. , Porte Robert J. , Rogiers Xavier , Ringers Jan
Published: October 2011

In Eurotransplant, more than 50% of liver allografts come from extended criteria donors (ECDs). However, not every ECD is the same. The limits of their use are being explored. A continuous scoring system for analyzing donor risk has been developed within the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), the Donor Risk Index (DRI). The objective of this study was the validation of this donor risk index (DRI) in Eurotransplant. The study was a database analysis of all 5939 liver transplants involving deceased donors and adult recipients from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007 in Eurotransplant. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Follow-up data were available for 5723 patients with a median follow up of 2.5 years. The mean DRI was remarkably higher in the Eurotransplant region versus OPTN (1.71 versus 1.45), and this indicated different donor populations. Nevertheless, we were able to validate the DRI for the Eurotransplant region. Kaplan-Meier curves per DRI category showed a significant correlation between the DRI and outcomes (P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the DRI was the most significant factor influencing outcomes (P < 0.001). Among all donor, transplant, and recipient variables, the DRI was the strongest predictor of outcomes.
In situ corrosion testing of various nickel alloys at Måbjerg waste incineration plant
Authors: Montgomery M. , Hansson A. N. , Jensen S. A. , Vilhelmsen T. , Nielsen N. H.
Published: October 2011

The majority of waste in Denmark is disposed via waste to energy (WTE) incineration plants which are fabricated from carbon steel. However, due to the increasing corrosiveness of waste over the years, more corrosion resistant alloys are required. In Denmark, Inconel 625 (UNSN06625) is the weld overlay material currently being used to give improved corrosion resistance. In order to assess the use of alternative nickel alloys, test panels have been manufactured and inserted into Måbjerg waste incineration plant. Inconel 625 as a 50% weld overlay, two layered weld overlay and as a spiral weld overlay was exposed. Other nickel materials exposed were weld overlay Alloy 686, Alloy 50 and Sumitomo Super 625 coextruded tube. Exposure has been undertaken from 2003 to 2009 in the first pass and 2005–2009 in the second pass, and sections have been removed and investigated during this period. The composition of the deposits from the exposed waterwall panels was also analysed each time sections were removed. This paper will compare the various nickel alloys in the two areas and assess the results of the long‐term testing project.
Fabrication of ZnNi/NiP compositionally modulated multilayer coatings
Authors: Liu J. H. , Chen J. L. , Liu Z. , Yu M. , Li S. M.
Published: October 2011

ZnNi/NiP compositionally modulated multilayer (CMM) coatings which have a novel three‐dimension (3d) latticed multilayer structure were prepared by dual‐bath technique. The formation of the special 3d latticed structure was investigated. The adhesion and corrosion resistance of the CMM coatings were studied. The results showed that the special 3d latticed multilayer structure, which was different from the structure of traditional CMM coatings, was formed during NiP electroless plating. The 3d latticed structure benefited the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the novel CMM coatings. The barrier effect of the 3d latticed structure is enhanced.
Improving the protective properties of La‐conversion coating on α‐brass surface by the combined use of La2O3 nanoparticles incorporation and electrodeposition
Authors: Fan H. Q. , Li S. Y. , Zhao Z. C. , Wang H. , Shi Z. C.
Published: October 2011

The La2O3 nanoparticles incorporation and electrodeposition were used together to prepare the La‐conversion coatings on α‐brass surface in a basal solution containing rare earth salt. The results showed that both techniques can improve the protective properties of coatings. A ‘critical nano‐La2O3 content’ and a ‘critical deposition potential’ were observed, under which the conversion coatings had the highest protective properties. Increased electrodeposition time improve the quality of conversion coatings. The La‐conversion coatings could provide important protection against α‐brass corrosion for considerable immersion periods in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution because it ennobled the corrosion potential and decreased the anodic current.
Experimental and theoretical study of the inhibition effects of some Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitors of aluminium in HCl
Authors: Aytaç A. , Bilgiç S. , Gece G. , Ancın N. , Öztaş S. G.
Published: October 2011

The inhibition efficiencies of two new synthesized Schiff bases have been investigated for aluminium in 0.5 M HCl solution using experimental and theoretical methods. Potentiodynamic polarization and EIS method were used to determine the inhibition efficiencies. From the experimental results it has been found that both compounds adsorb on the aluminium surface according to the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations were further applied to reveal the adsorption structure and explain the experimental results. A good correlation between the quantum chemical parameters and the experimental inhibition efficiency has been found.
Corrosion resistant Ti alloy for sulphuric acid medium: Suitability of Ti–Mo alloys
Authors: Balusamy T. , Jamesh M. , Kumar Satendra , Narayanan T. S. N. Sankara
Published: October 2011

The corrosion resistance of Ti–Mo (5, 10, 15 and 25 wt% molybdenum) alloys in 5–25% sulphuric acid was evaluated. The Ti–Mo alloys offered a better corrosion resistance than commercially pure titanium (CP‐Ti). The higher impedance values, higher phase angle maximum, ability to reach the phase angle maximum at relatively lower frequencies, ability to exhibit a constant phase angle maximum over a wider range of frequencies, higher phase angle values at 0.01 Hz, have confirmed the formation of a stable passive oxide film on Ti–Mo alloys. The study recommends the use of Ti–Mo alloys, particularly Ti–25Mo alloy, as a suitable material of construction for sulphuric acid medium.
Prediction of corrosion rate in reinforced concrete structures – a critical review and preliminary results
Authors: Otieno M. , Beushausen H. , Alexander M.
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a critical review of some of the available corrosion rate prediction models focusing mainly on chloride‐induced corrosion. In addition to the proposals made for the improvement of these models, preliminary results of an ongoing study aimed at developing a chloride‐induced corrosion rate prediction model using both natural and accelerated corrosion results are presented. Even though a reasonable correlation between natural and accelerated icorr is presented here, more data are still required to ascertain the relationship.
The structure and properties of electroless Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings on copper alloy
Authors: Jin Z.‐Y. , Li P.‐P. , Zheng B.‐Z. , Xiao D.
Published: October 2011

In the present study, the quaternary Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings were deposited on copper alloy by an electroless deposition process. Crystallization behavior and the effect of heat‐treatment on hardness and corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P deposits were detailedly investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that as‐deposited Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings are Ni–Mo–Cr–P solid solution and mixed crystal structure; the trend of microcrystallinity increases with the introduction of additional types of metal element; Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings start to occur in the crystallization with the heat‐treatment temperature increasing. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the hardness improves and reaches the maximum value at 500 °C. Further, it is found that Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings have superior corrosion resistance than Ni–P and Ni–Mo–P deposits after the analysis of electrochemical measurements. Moreover, corrosion resistance increases before annealed at 400 °C, but heat‐treatment at higher temperatures has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings.
Zn–Fe alloy electrodeposition from chloride bath: Influence of deposition parameters on coatings morphology and structure
Authors: Amirat S. , Rehamnia R. , Bordes M. , Creus J.
Published: October 2011

In this study, the kinetics of Zn–Fe codeposition was investigated in chloride acidic solution using cyclic voltammetry. Anomalous codeposition is detected and this mechanism depends on the Zn(II)/Fe(II) concentration ratio in the electrolytic bath. Influence of deposition parameters on the morphology and structure of the coatings is discussed using characterization techniques and using the anodic linear sweep voltametry (ALSV). The ratio between Zn(II)/Fe(II) considerably influences the structure of the alloys. Dense, uniform, and single‐phased Zn–Fe coatings could be obtained.
Thin Films of Semifluorinated Block Copolymers Prepared by ATRP
Authors: Irita Tomomi , Chen Dian , Li Xuefa , Wang Jin , Russell Thomas P.
Published: October 2011

A symmetric diblock copolymer, poly(pentafluorostyrene‐b‐styrene) (PPFS‐b‐PS), is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The behavior of PPFS‐b‐PS thin films on silicon wafers is investigated. Lamellar microdomains oriented parallel to the film surface are formed when the thin films are heated to 220 °C for 24 h, due to preferential interfacial interactions and the low surface energy of the PPFS. An electric field is used to overcome the low surface energy of the fluorinated block and preferential interactions with the substrate so as to force the lamellar microdomains to orient normal to the surface.
Activation–Deactivation Equilibrium of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene up to High Pressure
Authors: Morick Joachim , Buback Michael , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: October 2011

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) equilibrium constants, KATRP, are measured for copper‐mediated styrene polymerizations in acetonitrile solution using several different ligand and initiator systems. Application of high pressure increases the rate of an ATRP by enhancing both KATRP and the propagation rate coefficient. This favorable effect is not counterbalanced by an increase in dispersity. A comparison of the values of KATRP measured on monomer‐free model systems shows close agreement with values measured during styrene polymerization.
Heterogeneous Morphology of Random Copolymer Microgels as Reflected in Temperature‐Induced Volume Transition and1H High‐Resolution Transverse Relaxation NMR
Authors: Balaceanu Andreea , Demco Dan E. , Möller Martin , Pich Andrij
Published: October 2011

The Flory temperature‐induced volume transition theory for copolymer microgels is generalized for the case of a bimodal heterogeneity of the crosslink density in the microgel particles and applied to PVCL–PNIPAAm and PVCL–PNIPMAAm systems. The most probable morphological parameters are selected from the microscopic and thermodynamic constraints imposed by1H transverse relaxation NMR data and the Flory equation of state in the approximation of a homogeneous morphology. NMR proves the existence of a bimodal heterogeneous morphology of the copolymer microgel particles. Although the systems are different in chemical structure, the heterogeneity parameters obtained from Flory transition theory and NMR transverse relaxation are not essentially different.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Sulfide‐Containing Aniline Copolymers as a Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Chang , Ye Yinpeng , Xu Lihuan , Zhang Cheng
Published: October 2011

A novel sulfide‐containing aniline, 4‐amino‐dihydrobenzothiophene (ADBT), is synthesized by the alkylbromination of 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐nitrobenzene. Copolymers of aniline and ADBT, P(An‐co‐ADBT), are prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization and tested as a cathode material for Li‐ion batteries. The results show that the copolymerization activity of ADBT is lower than that of aniline. The charge/discharge tests show that the P(An‐co‐ADBT)‐2 gives well‐defined and sloping plateaus in the potential rang of 3.0–4.0 V and quite a high capacity of 104.7 mAh g−1. The P(An‐co‐ADBT)‐2 also shows high cycling stability and coulombic efficiency. After 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of the P(An‐co‐ADBT)‐2 still maintains 87.8% of the capacity obtained at the initial cycle.
Closed form of the rotational Crofton formula
Authors: Auneau Jérémy , Rataj Jan , Vedel Jensen Eva B.
Published: October 2011

The closed form of a rotational version of the famous Crofton formula is derived. In the case where the sectioned object is a compact d‐dimensional C2 manifold with boundary, the rotational average of intrinsic volumes (total mean curvatures) measured on sections passing through a fixed point can be expressed as an integral over the boundary involving hypergeometric functions. In the more general case of a compact subset of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathbb R}^d$\end{document} with positive reach, the rotational average also involves hypergeometric functions. For convex bodies, we show that the rotational average can be expressed as an integral with respect to a natural measure on supporting flats. It is an open question whether the rotational average of intrinsic volumes studied in the present paper can be expressed as a limit of polynomial rotation invariant valuations.
Hedonic evaluations of cars: Effects of payment mode on prediction and experience
Authors: Hoelzl Erik , Pollai Maria , Kastner Herbert
Published: October 2011

The paper examines the effect of different payment modes on hedonic post‐purchase product evaluations over time. Two theoretical frameworks—mental accounting and cognitive dissonance—suggest such an effect, but are contradictory regarding its direction. Additionally, the paper examines whether prospective consumers are able to correctly predict post‐purchase evaluations and the effect of payment mode over time. In an online survey, hedonic evaluations of 346 car owners in three ownership phases (one, two, and three years after purchase) were measured and compared to predictions of 75 prospective car owners. Two different payment modes (down payment vs. installments) were distinguished. Results showed an interaction between payment mode and the hedonic evaluation of the car over time. In the first and third year, the evaluations by both groups were similar; in the second year, the installments group rated their cars more favorably than the down payment group. Neither of the two theoretical frameworks—mental accounting or cognitive dissonance—is sufficient to explain the observed relationship between payment mode and evaluation over time. The results suggest that mental accounting theory should be expanded with elements of cognitive dissonance. Regarding predictions, prospective car owners did not foresee the effect of payment mode on evaluations over time. Mispredictions are of practical relevance because they can influence consumer decisions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aggressive driving: A consumption experience
Authors: Ruvio Ayalla A. , Shoham Aviv
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the literature on aggressive driving tendencies as a consumption experience is reviewed. Two studies test a comprehensive model that includes personality, attitudinal, and value antecedents to such behavior. The research supports the role of most of the antecedents. However, personality and attitudinal constructs were found to be stronger predictors of aggressive driving than values. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that aggressive driving tendencies increase incidences of law breaking. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle function and running activity in mouse models of hereditary muscle dystrophy: Impact of double knockout for dystrophin and the transcription factor MyoD
Authors: Mangner Norman , Adams Volker , Sandri Marcus , Hoellriegel Robert , Hambrecht Rainer , Schuler Gerhard , Gielen Stephan
Published: October 2011

Introduction: Mice that lack both the transcription factor MyoD and dystrophin display a more pronounced myopathic phenotype when compared with mdx mice. No data on skeletal muscle function and the impact of exercise training are available. Methods: Six‐month‐old wild‐type, mdx, myoD−/−, mdx:myoD+/−, and mdx:myoD−/− mice were randomly assigned to either 4 weeks of voluntary running or sedentary behavior. The mdx:myoD−/− mice were not able to exercise at all and were kept sedentary. Results: The soleus muscle of sedentary 7‐month‐old mdx:myoD−/− mice showed a significantly lower force development compared with all other mice. Voluntary running beginning at the age of 6 months led to lower force development of soleus muscle in the mdx animals. Conclusions: mdx:myoD−/− is not a suitable model to study exercise‐induced effects on dystrophic muscles. Voluntary exercise in adult mdx mice seems to have detrimental effects on the function of soleus muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Limit analysis of the stability of slopes reinforced with anchors
Authors: Li Xinpo , He Siming , Wu Yong
Published: October 2011

An approach based on the category of upper bound theorem of limit analysis is proposed in this article to consider the reinforcing effect of one row of anchors on slope stabilization. The shear strength reduction technique is used in the determination of the safety factor of the slope. The effect of anchor reinforcement is assumed to be an external axial force applied on the slope, and in the formulas of kinematic limit analysis, the work rate done by the anchor can be calculated. So, the stability analysis can be conducted without any assumptions on the acting position and decomposition of the axial force of anchors. Results were compared with those obtained using both the limit equilibrium method and numerical method. A parametric study was carried out to illustrate the effect of anchor orientation and position on slope stabilization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Necessary conditions for robust Stackelberg equilibrium in a multi‐model differential game
Authors: Jiménez‐Lizárraga Manuel , Poznyak Alex
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the formulation of a new concept dealing with a robust Stackelberg equilibrium for a multiscenario or multiple models two‐player differential game. The game's dynamic is given by a family of N different possible differential equations (multimodel representation) with no information about the trajectory which is realized. The robust Stackelberg strategy for each player must confront with all possible models simultaneously. The problem is how to design a mini‐max strategy for each player which guarantee an equilibrium for the worst case scenario. Based on the robust maximum principle, the general necessary conditions for a game to be in robust Stackelberg equilibrium are presented. A numerical procedure for resolving the case of linear affine‐quadratic game is designed.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Sulphur metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana via LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and 34S‐metabolic Labelling
Authors: Hsieh Chin‐Lin , Yeh Kai‐Wun , De Kok Luit J. , Pan Ryh‐Nan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Tseng Mei‐Hwei
Published: October 2011

Introduction

Sulphur‐containing metabolites play an important role in metabolism and homeostasis. Determination of these metabolites is challenging owing to their low concentrations and the interference in mass spectrometry analysis.

Objective

To develop a sensitive and accurate method based on liquid chromatography, electrospray ionisation, tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and 34S‐metabolic labelling for quantification of methionine, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methodology

A hydroponic set‐up was used for the in vivo 34S‐metabolic labelling of A. thaliana. The 34S‐labelled metabolites biosynthesised in plant were extracted and used as internal standards. Tissue was extracted with perchloric acid (PCA) or PCA containing a known amount of the analytes for recovery analysis. Tissue extract mixed with extract of 34S‐labelled A. thaliana in an appropriate ratio was subjected to a LC system and electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) analysis. Quantification of metabolites was measured by comparing the 32S/34S ratios obtained for samples with the calibration curves.

Results

Calibration curves showed linearity with regression coefficients in the range of 0.9994–0.9999. Analyte recoveries were approximately 100%. The coefficients of variation of intra‐assay and inter‐assay were less than 4.2% and 5%, respectively. The ranges for the limits of detection determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 10 fmol, < 10 fmol and 1.12 fmol and the limits of quantification determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 0.44 pmol, 0.16 pmol and 34 fmol, respectively.

Conclusion

The validated method for determination of methionine, reduced glutathione and oxidised glutathione was effectively applied to measure metabolite dynamics of sulphur‐containing metabolites at the whole‐plant level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice solar cells
Authors: Courel Maykel , Rimada Julio C. , Hernández Luis
Published: October 2011

A theoretical model is performed to study the viability of the AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice solar cell (SLSC). Using the Transfer Matrix Method, the conditions for resonant tunneling are established for a particular SL geometry with variably spaced quantum wells. The effective density of states and the absorption coefficient are calculated to determinate the J–V characteristic. Radiative, non‐radiative, and interface recombination were evaluated from a modeled SLSC, and their values were compared with a multiple quantum well solar cell of the same aluminum composition. A discussion about the conditions, where SLSC performance overcomes that of a multiple quantum well solar cell, is addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder in breast cancer survivors in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qiu Jianyin , Yang Min , Chen Weijun , Gao Xiufei , Liu Sheng , Shi Shenxun , Xie Bin
Published: October 2011

Objective

Our objective is to measure the prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) among Chinese breast cancer patients after surgery, which is essential for analyzing the service needs and allocating mental health resources.

Methods

A total of 505 patients were randomly recruited from 1580 post‐surgery breast cancer outpatients from one tertiary hospital in Shanghai, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess 1‐month prevalence of MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) in a two‐phase design.

Results

The adjusted 1‐month prevalence of MDD was 20.59% (95% CI 17.06–23.82). The risk for depression within the first year was two times as higher as that in more than 1 year. Patients within 1 year after surgery, with lower income, disrupted marriage or being single, recurrent breast cancer and psychiatric history were more likely to have MDD. There was no significant association between depression and disease stage, type of surgery, receptor status and cancer treatment.

Conclusions

Depression is quite common in Chinese breast cancer patients and survivors. A more sensitive and responsive mental health service is recommended for this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global identification of miR‐373‐regulated genes in breast cancer by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Yan Guang‐Rong , Xu Song‐Hui , Tan Zi‐Lu , Liu Langxia , He Qing‐Yu
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 912–920, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000539
Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies prostaglandin D2 synthase as a putative biomarker for pediatric medulloblastoma: A pediatric brain tumor consortium study
Authors: Rajagopal Meena U. , Hathout Yetrib , MacDonald Tobey J. , Kieran Mark W. , Gururangan Sri , Blaney Susan M. , Phillips Peter , Packer Roger , Gordish‐Dressman Heather , Rood Brian R.
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 935–943, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000198
A retinal proteomics‐based study identifies αA‐crystallin as a sex steroid‐regulated protein
Authors: D'Anna Claudia , Cascio Caterina , Cigna Diego , Galizzi Giacoma , Deidda Irene , Bianchi Laura , Russo Domenica , Passantino Rosa , Bini Luca , Guarneri Patrizia
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1429–1448, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000515
GPDE: A biological proteomic database for biomarker discovery and evaluation
Authors: Griss Johannes , Haudek‐Prinz Verena , Gerner Christopher
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1000–1004, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000507
Proteome changes in rat plasma in response to sibutramine
Authors: Choi Jung‐Won , Joo Jeong In , Kim Dong Hyun , Wang Xia , Oh Tae Seok , Choi Duk Kwon , Yun Jong Won
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1300–1312, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000664
Quantitative proteomics (2‐D DIGE) reveals molecular strategies employed by Burkholderia cenocepacia to adapt to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients under antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Madeira Andreia , Santos Pedro M. , Coutinho Carla P. , Pinto‐de‐Oliveira Ana , Sá‐Correia Isabel
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1313–1328, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000457
Mapping phosphoproteins in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Laschi Marcella , Serchi Tommaso , Arena Simona , D'Ambrosio Chiara , Braconi Daniela , Scaloni Andrea , Santucci Annalisa
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1351–1358, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000406
A novel panel of protein biomarkers for predicting response to thalidomide‐based therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Rajpal Rajesh , Dowling Paul , Meiller Justine , Clarke Colin , Murphy William G. , O'Connor Robert , Kell Malcolm , Mitsiades Constantine , Richardson Paul , Anderson Kenneth C. , Clynes Martin , O'Gorman Peter
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1391–1402, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000471
A new versatile peptide‐based size exclusion chromatography platform for global profiling and quantitation of candidate biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma specimens
Authors: Lee Hyoung‐Joo , Na Keun , Kwon Min‐Seok , Park Taesung , Kim Kyung Sik , Kim Hoguen , Paik Young‐Ki
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 1976–1984, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201100002
Identification of differentially expressed proteins in blood plasma of control and cigarette smoke‐exposed mice by 2‐D DIGE/MS
Authors: Tewari Arun K. , Popova‐Butler Alexandra , El‐Mahdy Mohamed A. , Zweier Jay L.
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 2051–2062, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000159
Proteomics indicates modulation of tubulin polymerization by L‐menthol inhibiting human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation
Authors: Faridi Uzma , Sisodia Brijesh S. , Shukla Ashutosh K. , Shukla Rakesh K. , Darokar Mahendra P. , Dwivedi Upendra N. , Shasany Ajit K.
Published: October 2011

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 2115–2119, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000691