bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Puberty, Negative Peer Influence, and Problem Behaviors in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Mrug Sylvie , Elliott Marc N. , Davies Susan , Tortolero Susan R. , Cuccaro Paula , Schuster Mark A.
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To determine how early puberty and peer deviance relate to trajectories of aggressive and delinquent behavior in early adolescence and whether these relationships differ by race/ethnicity.

METHODS:

In this longitudinal study, 2607 girls from 3 metropolitan areas and their parents were interviewed at ages 11, 13, and 16 years. Girls reported on their age of onset of menarche, best friend’s deviant behavior, delinquency, and physical, relational, and nonphysical aggression. Parents provided information on family sociodemographic characteristics and girls’ race/ethnicity.

RESULTS:

Sixteen percent of girls were classified as early maturers (defined by onset of menarche before age 11 years). Overall, relational and nonphysical aggression increased from age 11 to age 16, whereas delinquency and physical aggression remained stable. Early puberty was associated with elevated delinquency and physical aggression at age 11. The relationship with early puberty diminished over time for physical aggression but not for delinquency. Best friend’s deviant behavior was linked with higher levels of all problem behaviors, but the effect lessened over time for most outcomes. Early puberty was associated with a stronger link between best friend’s deviance and delinquency, suggesting increased vulnerability to negative peer influences among early-maturing girls. A similar vulnerability was observed for relational and nonphysical aggression among girls in the “other” racial/ethnic minority group only.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early puberty and friends’ deviance may increase the risk of problem behavior in young adolescent girls. Although many of these associations dissipate over time, early-maturing girls are at risk of persistently higher delinquency and stronger negative peer influences.
Comorbidity Clusters in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Electronic Health Record Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Doshi-Velez Finale , Ge Yaorong , Kohane Isaac
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE:

The distinct trajectories of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have not been extensively studied, particularly regarding clinical manifestations beyond the neurobehavioral criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of co-occurrence of medical comorbidities in ASDs.

METHODS:

International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from patients aged at least 15 years and a diagnosis of ASD were obtained from electronic medical records. These codes were aggregated by using phenotype-wide association studies categories and processed into 1350-dimensional vectors describing the counts of the most common categories in 6-month blocks between the ages of 0 to 15. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify subgroups with distinct courses.

RESULTS:

Four subgroups were identified. The first was characterized by seizures (n = 120, subgroup prevalence 77.5%). The second (n = 197) was characterized by multisystem disorders including gastrointestinal disorders (prevalence 24.3%) and auditory disorders and infections (prevalence 87.8%), and the third was characterized by psychiatric disorders (n = 212, prevalence 33.0%). The last group (n = 4316) could not be further resolved. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was uncorrelated with seizure activity (P = .17), but a significant correlation existed between gastrointestinal disorders and seizures (P < .001). The correlation results were replicated by using a second sample of 496 individuals from a different geographic region.

CONCLUSIONS:

Three distinct patterns of medical trajectories were identified by unsupervised clustering of electronic health record diagnoses. These may point to distinct etiologies with different genetic and environmental contributions. Additional clinical and molecular characterizations will be required to further delineate these subgroups.
Comparative Effectiveness of Empiric Antibiotics for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Queen Mary Ann , Myers Angela L. , Hall Matthew , Shah Samir S. , Williams Derek J. , Auger Katherine A. , Jerardi Karen E. , Statile Angela M. , Tieder Joel S.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are recommended as the first-line agent for children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). There is little scientific evidence to support that this consensus-based recommendation is as effective as the more commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of empiric treatment with narrow-spectrum therapy versus broad-spectrum therapy for children hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP.

METHODS:

This multicenter retrospective cohort study using medical records included children aged 2 months to 18 years at 4 children's hospitals in 2010 with a discharge diagnosis of CAP. Patients receiving either narrow-spectrum or broad-spectrum therapy in the first 2 days of hospitalization were eligible. Patients were matched by using propensity scores that determined each patient’s likelihood of receiving empiric narrow or broad coverage. A multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the relationship between antibiotic and hospital length of stay (LOS), 7-day readmission, standardized daily costs, duration of fever, and duration of supplemental oxygen.

RESULTS:

Among 492 patients, 52% were empirically treated with a narrow-spectrum agent and 48% with a broad-spectrum agent. In the adjusted analysis, the narrow-spectrum group had a 10-hour shorter LOS (P = .04). There was no significant difference in duration of oxygen, duration of fever, or readmission. When modeled for LOS, there was no difference in average daily standardized cost (P = .62) or average daily standardized pharmacy cost (P = .26).

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with broad-spectrum agents, narrow-spectrum antibiotic coverage is associated with similar outcomes. Our findings support national consensus recommendations for the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics in children hospitalized with CAP.
Barriers and Challenges to Global Clinical Cancer Research
Authors: Seruga Bostjan , Sadikov Aleksander , Cazap Eduardo L. , Delgado Lucia Beatriz , Digumarti Raghunadharao , Leighl Natasha B. , Meshref Mohamed M. , Minami Hironobu , Robinson Eliezer , Yamaguchi Nise Hitomi , Pyle Doug , Cufer Tanja
Published: December 2013

Background.

There are concerns about growing barriers to cancer research. We explored the characteristics of and barriers to global clinical cancer research.

Methods.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology International Affairs Committee invited 300 selected oncologists with research experience from 25 countries to complete a Web-based survey. Fisher's exact test was used to compare answers between participants from high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Barriers to clinical cancer research were ranked from 1 (most important) to 8 (least important). Mann-Whitney's nonparametric test was used to compare the ranks describing the importance of investigated obstacles.

Results.

Eighty oncologists responded, 41 from HICs and 39 from LMICs. Most responders were medical oncologists (62%) at academic hospitals (90%). Researchers from HICs were more involved with academic and industry-driven research than were researchers from LMICs. Significantly higher proportions of those who considered their ability to conduct academic research and industry-driven research over the past 5 years more difficult were from HICs (73% vs. 27% and 70% vs. 30%, respectively). Concerning academic clinical cancer research, a lack of funding was ranked the most important (score: 3.16) barrier, without significant differences observed between HICs and LMICs. Lack of time or competing priorities and procedures from competent authorities were the second most important barriers to conducting academic clinical research in HICs and LMICs, respectively.

Conclusion.

Lack of funding, lack of time and competing priorities, and procedures from competent authorities might be the main global barriers to academic clinical cancer research.
Soil response around Donghai offshore wind turbine foundation, China
Authors: Chang Kuntan , Jeng Dongsheng , Zhang Jisheng , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2013

Donghai offshore wind farm next to Shanghai is the first and largest commercial operating offshore wind energy system in China that adopts a high-rising structure foundation. This paper consists of two parts. Details are presented of this wind farm project, site conditions and related engineering solutions in the first part. Then, in the second part, a three-dimensional porous model, based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and Biot's poro-elastic theory, is developed by integrating three-dimensional wave and seabed models to simulate the wave-induced seabed response around the high-rising structure foundation. A parametric study of the effects of the wave and seabed characteristics on the soil response around the wind turbine foundation is conducted. Results concluded from the numerical analysis are as follows: (a) the existence of the structure has a significant effect on the wave transformation and the distribution of wave-induced pore pressure; (b) the magnitude of wave-induced pore pressure increases as wave height or wave period increases. In addition to the current design of the Donghai offshore wind farm with high-rising structure foundation, a gravity-based foundation is also considered and results are compared with those for the high-rising structure foundation.
Flood modelling: parameterisation and inflow uncertainty
Authors: Mukolwe Micah M. , Baldassarre Giuliano Di , Werner Micha , Solomatine Dimitri P.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an analysis of uncertainty in hydraulic modelling of floods, focusing on the inaccuracy caused by inflow errors and parameter uncertainty. In particular, the study develops a method to propagate the uncertainty induced by, firstly, application of a stage–discharge rating curve and, secondly, parameterisation of a one-dimensional hydraulic model by way of the power function and the conditioning of Manning's roughness coefficients. The proposed methodology was applied to a 98 km reach of the River Po, Italy. Model performance was evaluated using two independent sets of observed water levels in the river reach within a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation framework. The inflow uncertainty was found to have a greater contribution to the overall uncertainty of the 1D model than the roughness parameters. Independent parameter conditioning and validation, as well as the uncertainty analysis, showed satisfactory model performance. When conditioned on one flood event, the model adequately simulated flood levels and high water marks for another (independent) event, as the observations were within 90% confidence interval of the simulation ensemble.
The Study of Genetic Relationship Among Third Generation Cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica Strains by ERIC-PCR
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Naghoni Ali , Yousefi Soheila , Ahmadi Ali , Jonaidi Nematollah , Panahi Yunes
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives:

Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen responsible for disease in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship among third generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica strains by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR.

Methods:

The study included all Salmonella isolates obtained from clinical cases in a pediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006 to 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The genetic relationship between third generation cephalosporins-resistant Salmonella enterica strains was determined using ERIC-PCR.

Results:

Of 136 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from pediatric patients, six isolates including four Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis and two Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis showed an extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant phenotype. ERIC-PCR differentiated Salmonella enterica serotypes Infantis and Enteritidis into 2 distinct clusters arbitrarily named as E1 and E2. Profile E1 was found in two Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates, and profile E2 was found in four Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis isolates.

Conclusion:

Extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant Salmonella could be attributed to a few predominant serotypes including Enteritidis and Infantis in this study. Genetic analysis using ERIC-PCR showed that closely related clones are responsible for the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant Salmonella infection in Tehran.
Hitting the Books Again: Factors Influencing the Intentions of Young Adults to Reenroll in College
Authors: Schatzel Kim , Callahan Thomas , Davis Timothy
Published: December 2013

Results from the analyses of data from 463 former college students between the ages of 25 and 34 years old identify those most likely to reenroll in higher education in the near future. Those who intend to reenroll are more likely to be members of minority groups, younger, single, and recently laid-off, have earned more credits, and hold strong beliefs about the value of education. Specific recommendations for strategies and policies through which colleges could motivate former students to reenroll and facilitate their transitions back into the educational system are offered. Among these, programs that include techniques for updating technology skills, improving time management and goal setting practices, and reinforcing study habits appear to be particularly appropriate to the needs of this subpopulation. Suggestions for future research on stopouts, as well as stayouts, conclude the study.
Factors Affecting Persistence and Transfer of Low-Income Students at Public Two-Year Institutions
Authors: Mamiseishvili Ketevan , Deggs David M.
Published: December 2013

The study utilized the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/06) data set to examine persistence outcomes over a 3-year period across the national sample of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds at public 2-year institutions in the United States. More specifically, the purpose of our study was to investigate how demographic characteristics, in-college attributes, environmental factors, and personal goals of low-income students who enrolled in public 2-year institutions with the intentions of degree attainment or transfer affected their decisions to persist to degree completion, transfer to another institution, or leave. The results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that different sets of factors predicted persistence and transfer for low-income students in our study. Early identification of who will be more likely to leave, transfer, or persist to degree completion will help community colleges better serve the needs of their students.
Hagen number versus Bejan number
Authors: Awad Mohamed
Published: December 2013

This study presents Hagen number vs. Bejan number. Although their physical
meaning is not the same because the former represents the dimensionless
pressure gradient while the latter represents the dimensionless pressure
drop, it will be shown that Hagen number coincides with Bejan number in cases
where the characteristic length (l) is equal to the flow length (L). Also, a
new expression of Bejan number in the Hagen-Poiseuille flow will be
introduced. At the end, extending the Hagen number to a general form will be
presented. For the case of Reynolds analogy (Pr = Sc = 1), all these three
definitions of Hagen number will be the same.
Relations between regular A-optimal chemical and spring balance weighing designs with diagonal covariance matrix of errors
Authors: Ceranka Bronisław , Graczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we study the relationships between regular A-optimal spring balance weighing designs and regular A-optimal chemical balance weighing designs. We give the basic relation between these designs in the case where the errors are uncorrelated and they have different variances. We give some examples of methods of construction of such designs.
A Survey Addressing on High Performance On-Chip VLSI Interconnect
Authors: Mohamed Yousuff C. , Mohamed Yousuf Hasan V. , Khan Galib M. R.
Published: December 2013

With the rapid increase in transmission speeds of communication systems, the demand for very high-speed lowpower VLSI circuits is on the rise. Although the performance of CMOS technologies improves notably with scaling, conventional CMOS circuits cannot simultaneously satisfy the speed and power requirements of these applications. In this paper we survey the state of the art of on-chip interconnect techniques for improving performance, power and delay optimization and also comparative analysis of various techniques for high speed design have been discussed.
Design and Implementation of Plug-And-Play Analog Resistance Temperature Sensor
Authors: Jevtic Nenad , Drndarevic Vujo
Published: December 2013

In this paper the design and implementation of a plug-and-play analog resistance temperature sensor is presented. The smart temperature sensor consists of an analog sensor element with transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) memory device and a network- capable application processor (NCAP) connected through a mixedmode interface (MMI). The mixed-mode interface and NCAP front-end electronic support have been implemented by the use of a standard 8-bit microcontroller. NCAP's application processing and network communication functions are implemented based on the concept of virtual instrumentation using a PC. The implemented NCAP can also be used as a plug-and-play stand-alone data acquisition system or as development system for plug-and-play sensors compliant with the IEEE 1451.4 standard. Details of sensor implementation and test results are included in the paper.
Comparative Study on Physical Activity and Back Pain of Young Mothers in Some Eastern European Countries
Authors: Abonyi Barbara
Published: December 2013

Young mothers frequently complain of backaches. The aim of this paper is to reveal if there is any relationship between physical activity in their early years (aged 6-18 years) and in adulthood, and between current physical activity and back pain. The paper is based on empirical research carried out by the survey method. With the help of structured sampling, 336 young mothers, all within 1-3 years after giving birth and all of whom were from the V4 countries and Romania, were included in the study. Their early and present physical activities, as well as their back pain in the upper and lower part of the back, was examined. Data were collected by questionnaire. To process the data, SPSS.17 was used. The results show that young mothers who were the most physically active in their early years remained the most active as adults. The correlation between the young mothers’ sporting activity in the early years (aged 6-18 years) and adulthood is strong. Due to their activity, the most physically active young mothers have less upper and lower back pain. The connection between current sporting activity and back pain were also significant both by the upper and the lower part of the back. It is concluded that regular physical activity in childhood is often continued and make up part of a young women’s life. As a result, they bear the early period of motherhood fitter and with fewer backaches.
Sport and Ethics of Weak Thought: A New Manifesto for Sport Education
Authors: Isidori Emanuele , Maulini Claudia , López Frías Francisco Javier
Published: December 2013

The so-called “weak thought”, theorized by the Italian postmodernist philosopher Gianni Vattimo (born in 1936), considered one of the most important Italian philosophers, has dismantled the main concepts on which Western philosophy was based (that is, the notion of Truth, God, Reason, an absolute foundation to thought, etc.). This philosophy, which is inspired by Nietzsche’s nihilism, by Heidegger, and by the philosophy of hermeneutics and deconstruction, offers a critical starting point not only to rethink, in a less rigid way, our Western culture, its philosophy, and its problems, but also the ethical principles and educational values that guide human life.

Sport - as a human phenomenon and philosophical problem characterized by the presence of values, norms, behaviors, and rules that involves the action of human beings who interact and communicate “in” and “by” the game - can also be read in the light of this emerging philosophical theory. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that weak thought and its fundamental categories can be used and applied from a theoretical point of view in order to interpret and understand sport, deconstructing its meanings and its sociocultural and educational values.

Using the critical contribution of weak thought, in this study we will reflect on and rethink in a new way some of the main concepts considered absolute and fundamental to sport’s logical and philosophical structure, such as “winning” and “losing”, “referee” (which embodies the principle of “authority”), “opponent”, “freedom” in the game, “rules”, and respect when one plays.

The purpose of this study is to undertake a critical reflection on the limits of the concept of sport proposed by the Western tradition and to lay the foundations for a new model of ethics and education for the sports of the future.
Links between oral health and personality at a law enforcement school
Authors: Faragó Ildikó , Túry Ferenc , Márton Sándor , Nagy Gábor , Hopcraft Matthew , Madléna Melinda
Published: December 2013

One of the territories of dental psychosomatics is the link between personality characterisctics and dental status. The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between temperament and character factors and dental status in police students. It can be hypothesized, that some temperament factors can increase the risk for dental health problems. After dental screening 792 police students completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) devised by Cloninger. 57.5% of students rated their own teeth as being in good or very good condition, and only 2.8% as bad condition. In persons rating their dental status as “good”, the average DMFT was 9.23±5.01 (mean±S.D.). In students assessing their own oral health as bad, TCI results showed that a higher percentage of students displayed extravagance, impulsiveness, disorderliness than the overall population. Among the students with good self-assessment but bad teeth, there was a higher percentage of students displaying passivity, low assertiveness, and introversion. The temperament and character factors may have negative consequences for students in an institution which exposes them to high stress level. It may be useful to screen these students using subjective health questionnaires in order to permit more effective efforts to positive health behaviour.
Temperature modulation of the vibrational responses of a flexible fluid-conveying pipe
Authors: Adelaja Adekunle
Published: December 2013

In this study, the nonlinear transverse vibration of a flexible pipe conveying hot, pressurized fluid is investigated. The pipe which is subjected to a pinned-pinned end condition extends as a result of several operating variables such as internal fluid temperature variation, pre-stress and internal pressurization. The equation of motion is solved analytically by hybrid Fourier-Laplace transforms, and the effects of inlet temperature, temperature gradient, and coefficient of area deformation are investigated on the natural frequencies and transverse dynamic response of the pipeline. While the inlet temperature and temperature gradient are found to be inversely proportional to the natural frequencies and amplitude of the dynamic response, increase in the coefficient of area deformation has little effect on the natural frequencies for the particular case considered.
Variability of enzymatic activity in forest Cambisols and Brunic Arenosols of Polish lowland areas
Authors: Błońska Ewa , Lasota Jarosław , Januszek Kazimierz
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase and urease) in trophically diverse Brunic Arenosols and Cambisols. Efforts to establish the relationship between enzymatic activity and physico-chemical properties of various subtypes of Brunic Arenosols and Cambisols were attempted. Another aim was to determine the effect of vegetation on the properties of soil surface levels. The study was conducted on 94 plots located in nature reserves and national parks in the Polish lowland area. Dehydrogenase activity and urease showed large variations in the subtypes of the distinguished Brunic Arenosols and Cambisols. Dehydrogenases and urease activity in surface layers of fresh humus of Cambisols and Brunic Arenosols was strongly associated with the plants. This is confirmed by the relationship between the enzymatic activity and the type of accumulated humus substances, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and humus horizons reaction.
Antioxidant, cytotoxic and analgesic activities of the methanolic fruit extract of Terminalia chebula Retz.
Authors: Sarwar Shammy , Malik Asif Hasan , Rahman Muhammad Ashikur , Rahman Md. Zakiur , Rana Md. Sohel
Published: December 2013

The present study was aimed to investigate antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits. Antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by using nitric oxide scavenging assay, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared to ascorbic acid in a dose dependent mode. In nitric oxide scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the extract was found to be 51.3 µg/mL while the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 77.4 µg/mL. In addition to strong reducing power, total antioxidant activity of the extract was also found to increase in a dose dependent manner. The analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. The extract, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, showed a maximum of 44.17 % inhibition (p < 0.05) of writhing reaction compared to the reference drug diclofenac-sodium (66.96 %). The extract also showed moderate cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the LC50 value was found to be 97.36 µg/mL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i1.17296 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, December 2013, 3(1): 219-222
Response to “Adenocarcinoma Not otherwise Specified or Cribriform Adenocarcinoma on Dorsum of Tongue?”
Authors: Venkatesan Varagur
Published: December 2013

We thank the writers of the letter to the editor titled “Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified or cribriform adenocarcinoma on dorsum of tongue?”[...]
Multimodal cancer care research
Authors: MacDonald N.
Published: December 2013

Today, most oncologists would agree that Anderson’s statement is common sense and subscribe to its expressed wisdom. [...]
La utilidad de la flora americana en el proyecto expedicionario de la España Ilustrada
Authors: González Bueno A.
Published: December 2013

El nuevo modelo político-económico ideado por los ilustrados españoles propiciaría la ejecución de un ambicioso, utópico y, en cierto modo, original plan de reconocimiento y explotación de los recursos coloniales americanos con claros tintes monopolistas. El desarrollo de esta idea exigía el conocimiento y el inventario de los recursos naturales como etapa previa al proceso de comercialización. El desarrollo institucional de este proyecto es hoy bien conocido; finiquitado desde los comienzos del siglo XIX, la pesada máquina burocrática, ralentizada aún más con la entrada de las tropas francesas en España, permitirá que el desenlace final se retrase hasta 1831.
Los estudios de Botánica en los planes ilustrados del Virreinato de la Nueva Granada
Authors: Arboleda Luis Carlos , Soto Arango Diana
Published: December 2013

En el virreinato de la Nueva Granada, el primer plan ilustrado de enseñanza que propuso la cátedra de Botánica fue el del virrey Caballero y Góngora (1787). Posteriormente, en los albores del Siglo XIX y ya en la etapa de represión política e ideológica en las universidades, se presentaron los planes del Barón de Carondelet (1800), que planteó la cátedra de Botánica para la Universidad quiteña, y el criollo Eloy Valenzuela presentó la enseñanza de la Botánica dentro del plan de estudios de Filosofía para el Colegio-Universidad de Mompox en 1806 y en las Constituciones del mismo Colegio desarrolló un modelo de Expedición Botánica para realizar en la Villa de Mompox.
La Oficina Botánica (1788-1835): una institución dedicada al estudio de la flora americana
Authors: Rodríguez Nozal R.
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo pretendemos analizar las causas del fracaso de la política científica ilustrada, utilizando como ejemplo el estudio, desde sus orígenes hasta el final de su existencia, de un establecimiento científico, la Oficina Botánica, creado en pleno proceso de decadencia del modelo político y económico ilustrado, capaz de realizar un gran esfuerzo económico y organizativo en las expediciones botánicas a la América hispana, pero al que le faltó acometer, de forma efectiva, el siguiente paso, aquel que le llevase a mostrar al mundo las riquezas naturales de nuestras posesiones a América.
La descripción de las aves en la obra del madrileño Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
Authors: Álvarez Peláez Raquel
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se estudian las descripciones de las aves realizadas por Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, uno de los más tempranos y más agudos observadores de la naturaleza americana. Para valorar de forma adecuada sus descripciones he comparado algunas de ellas con las de otros naturalistas de la época.
Félix de Azara y Georges Lucien Leclerc: dos formas de iluminar la naturaleza Americana
Authors: Galera Andrés , Frías Marcelo
Published: December 2013

Estudiar la naturaleza americana fue un reto aceptado por los naturalistas españoles durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, hallando en las expediciones científicas el vehículo adecuado a sus intereses. El presente trabajo analiza la contribución que Félix de Azara realizó al estudio de la fauna americana durante los años 1781-1801, teniendo como guía la Histoire Naturelle del conde de Buffon.
Los Orígenes de la Antropología en España: Madrid, centro receptor de las corrientes de innovación europeas
Authors: González Montero de Espinosa Marisa
Published: December 2013

El conocimiento del hombre en la España del siglo de las Luces estuvo condicionado por prejuicios e intolerancia, fue sometido al dictamen de la ciencia y de la religión. Los estudios anatómicos tuvieron un destacado papel convirtiéndose en un novedoso frente científico; sin embargo, a la cita no faltaron eruditos y divulgadores como Feijoo o Hervás y Panduro, quienes dedicaron sus reflexiones al análisis del ser humano. El marco antropológico quedaría definido si consideramos la publicación y difusión que la obra de Buffon tuvo a pesar de la censura inquisitorial.
La Botánica en el Jardín de Migas Calientes
Authors: Pinar Susana , Puig-Samper Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se aportan nuevos datos sobre la constitución física del antiguo Jardín Botánico de Migas Calientes, fundado en 1755, de acuerdo a la documentación inédita conservada en la Biblioteca del Palacio de Santa Cruz de Valladolid. Hemos elaborado un nuevo análisis de la labor educativa de sus profesores y publicamos la relación de la biblioteca botánica de José Quer, situada en el actual jardín Botánico de Madrid, añadiendo, en todos los casos posibles, la identificación de las obras que se mencionan.
Francisco Antonio Zea: periodista, botánico y político
Authors: Soto Arango Diana E.
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo analiza la faceta periodística de Francisco Antonio Zea, cuyo primer artículo, «Avisos de Hebephilo», se publicó en 1791 en el Papel Periódico de la ciudad de Santa Fé de Bogota. Su interés por la prensa se manifiesta en su etapa de estudiante en el Instituto Nacional de Francia, pero no será hasta 1803, a su regreso a Madrid, cuando evidencie sus dotes para la organización y dirección periodísticas en El Mercurio y en la Gaceta de Madrid. Posteriormente, siendo director del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, comparte la dirección del Semanario de Agricultura y Artes, y, finalmente, en 1818 funda y dirige el venezolano Correo del Orinoco.
Christian Herrgen y la institucionalización de la mineralogía en Madrid
Authors: Parra Dolores , Pelayo Francisco
Published: December 2013

Uno de los objetivos de la política científica de los gobiernos borbones fue la de potenciar aquellas disciplinas susceptibles de ser aplicadas en el necesario fomento de la economía española. Tal fue el caso de la Mineralogía, ciencia que fue desarrollada e impartida en varias instituciones científicas ilustradas. Uno de estos centros fue el Gabinete de Historia Natural de Madrid, en el que la labor del especialista alemán Christian Herrgen contribuyó a la institucionalización de la mineralogía española.
A idéia de progresso no processo de institucinalização nacional das ciências no Brasil: a sociedade auxiliadora da indústria nacional
Authors: Bertol Domingues Heloisa María
Published: December 2013

[pt] No Brasil, as primeiras instituções científicas que foram criadas ainda no tempo colonial, foram sociedades científicas, que professavam os valores daquele pensamento que identificava as luzes com as ciências.
Gostaria de destacar aqui o Auxiliadora da Indusria Nacional, criada logo após a independê, em 1825 e funcionando oficialmente desde 1827.
Publicaciones españolas de historia de la ciencia difundidas a través de Internet
Authors: Perdiguero Enrique , Fernández Joaquin , Baratas Alfredo
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El “Tentamen medicum de morbo miliari infantum, muguet, millet, blanchet, gallico idiomate appellate" (1786), de Francisco Sanponts
Authors: Romero Maroto Martín , Sáez Gómez José Miguel , Marset Campos Pedro
Published: December 2013

Se analiza un texto de 1786 impreso en 1788, cuyo autor es el médico catalán Francisco Sanponts y Roca (1756-1821), que mereció el primer premio de la Real Sociedad de Medicina de París en un certamen convocado para estudiar y solucionar el problema planteado por la amplia difusión del Muguet entre los niños acogidos en hospicios. Se trata de la primera descripción de la enfermedad hecha en España y el autor, influido por la mentalidad antisistemática y el empirismo anatomoclínico, cita de forma amplia a Van Swieten y a Nils Rosen, entre 67 autores, con lo que demuestra estar al corriente de la medicina y la pediatría europeas, aunque aparentemente desconoce el trabajo de Underwood, publicado dos años antes de la elaboración del suyo, que representa la primera descripción conocida de esta enfermedad.
Un extraño nombre de la vena yugular interna: yugular ciega
Authors: Barcia Goyanes Juan José
Published: December 2013

Una errata de la primera obra de Anatomía Humana en persa, Tashrih-i Mansuri, por la que se llama a la yugular interna (widach âçwar), yugular ciega, da lugar al recuerdo de los nombres experimentados por esa vena a lo largo del tiempo y a algunas consideraciones sobre la necesidad de acudir a numerosas fuentes cuando de la identificación de un nombre en los manuscritos se trata.
Asociacionismo médico farmacéutico en la España de la segunda mitad del S. XIX
Authors: Arroyo Medina Poder
Published: December 2013

A mediados del XIX se registra en España un aumento del asociacionismo médico y farmacéutico. La actitud no es nueva, pero ahora posee un significado diferente.
Las nuevas corporaciones sanitarias se desarrollarán en tomo a un concepto claramente burgués, el de la profesionalidad de sus miembros. Su finalidad será la de articular los intereses de estas clases. Se convierten en un elemento más del desarrollo del Estado liberal, individualizadas por sus fines internos que nacen de la problemática de dichas clases, tanto a nivel profesional como científico.
El uso terapéutico del Cannabis Sativa L. en la medicina Árabe
Authors: Lozano Indalecio
Published: December 2013

Los científicos árabes se adelantaron en varios siglos a nuestros actuales conocimientos sobre el poder terapéutico del cáñamo (Cannabis sativa L.). Sin embargo, la moderna literatura científica ignora su importante contribución en este terreno. En el presente artículo se estudian los usos terapéuticos de la planta en la medicina árabe entre los siglos VIII y XVIII. Los médicos árabes conocieron y utilizaron sus propiedades diuréticas, antieméticas, antiepilépticas, antiinflamatorias, analgésicas y antipiréticas, entre otras.
En busca del orden: ciencia y poder en Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Forero Olga
Published: December 2013

En el artículo se presentan los actores y las circunstancias que contribuyen en el siglo XIX a construir versiones sobre el pasado de la ciencia en Colombia que generan múltiples tensiones entre los intelectuales. Se analiza cómo se establece el origen externo de la ciencia y los actores que la enseñan o practican de modo legítimo, y como los científicos e historiadores se representan el problema de la continuidad o discontinuidad de las ciencias. También se indaga por qué unas formas de actividad científica y unas polémicas llegan a hacerse invisibles para los intelectuales del siglo XIX y para investigadores del siglo XX. Por último, se examinan diferentes asimetrías que se manifiestan cuando se estudian los procesos de «difusión» de la ciencia y cuando se define qué significa hacer ciencia e investigación en la periferia.
Profesiones sanitarias y lucha de poderes en el México del siglo XIX
Authors: Carrillo Ana María
Published: December 2013

Establecer su saber como poder, fue uno de los objetivos de los médicos mexicanos del siglo XIX. Para lograrlo, intentaron convencer al Estado y a la población de la superioridad de la medicina autodenominada científica, y lo hicieron por medio de sus asociaciones gremiales y publicaciones periódicas. Pretendieron, asimismo, controlar a aquellas disciplinas que habían comenzado a desarrollarse dentro de la medicina, y combatieron abiertamente las prácticas médicas que invadían el área que ellos consideraban de su competencia exclusiva. En general, buscaron organizar el saber médico, jerarquizarlo, hacerlo asunto de Estado y de estatus económico y social. Las otras profesiones sanitarias reaccionaron colectivamente contra esos intentos de control y exclusión, luchando por su autonomía. En esa centuria, hubo una extensión creciente del campo y de los poderes médicos; en caso de epidemias, por ejemplo, el Estado obligó a la población a recibir atención médica. La relación que en el XIX mexicano hubo entre el conocimiento y procedimientos médicos, por un lado, y la propia organización profesional, otros saberes médicos, el Estado y el mundo profano, por el otro, es una de las claves de la profesionalización de la medicina en México.
El uso de productos del reino mineral en la terapéutica del siglo XVI. El libro de los Medicamentos simples de Juan Fragoso (1581) y el Antidotario de Juan Calvo (1580)
Authors: Fresquet Febrer José Luis
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo pretende acercamos al uso de lo que podemos designar como productos pertenecientes al reino mineral, en la medicina científica de los siglos XVI y XVII. Con el fin de hacemos una idea de lo que realmente se utilizaba en la práctica cotidiana, se han estudiado el Libro de los medicamentos simples de Juan Fragoso y el Antidotario de Juan Calvo. Tomando como base los fármacos que en ellos se describen y comentan, hemos comprobado su presencia en la versión de la Materia médica de Dioscórides, de Andrés Laguna, y hemos completado la información con las definiciones del Diccionario de Autoridades. Además de esto, aunque no de forma exhaustiva, hemos seguido el empleo de estas sustancias en medicina hasta la actualidad.
El trabajo demuestra el empleo en terapéutica de más de medio centenar de este tipo de productos cuyo uso era habitual en metalurgia, en la fabricación de pinturas y barnices, en cerámica, en tintes, etc. Los médicos de entonces fueron bastante cautelosos al aplicarlos debido a su gran toxicidad.
La influencia de la Sociedad Eugénica mexicana en la educación y en la medicina social
Authors: Suárez y López Guazo Lara
Published: December 2013

Este estudio sobre México y su Sociedad Eugénica intenta demostrar la relación entre el pensamiento biológico y médico y la sociedad y la compleja situación política vivida por el país a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se analiza también la legislación que se intentaba establecer en relación con los problemas surgidos de la existencia de una ampliación población indígena y mestiza, que muchos eugenistas deseaban «blanquear».
La introducción del concepto de «parálisis general progresiva» en la psiquiatría decimonónica española
Authors: Villasante Armas Olga
Published: December 2013

Se analizan los primeros datos sobre la incidencia de la Parálisis General Progresiva en los manicomios españoles durante el siglo XIX, las referencias decimonónicas a dicha entidad morbosa en la literatura médica y la introducción del concepto en nuestros textos psiquiátricos. El retraso en la recepción del concepto de PGP traduce un elevado grado de desinformación de los profesionales médicos y una lenta asimilación del proceso de somatización de la enfermedad mental en nuestro país.
Orígenes, desarrollo y consolidación de la industria farmacéutica española (ca. 1850-1936)
Authors: Rodríguez Nozal Raúl
Published: December 2013

Las tendencias historiográficas en el campo de la historia económica e industrial vienen considerando, desde hace algunos años, el papel desempeñado por los denominados «sectores no líderes» en el desarrollo industrial de nuestro país. En este marco, y teniendo en cuenta los condicionantes propios de esta industria: sanitarios, científico-técnicos y sociológico-profesionales, hemos tratado de perfilar las líneas maestras por las que ha transcurrido la industrialización farmacéutica española, desde sus orígenes, a mediados del siglo pasado, hasta el inicio de nuestra guerra civil.
Fisiología mexicana en el siglo XIX: la enseñanza
Authors: Rodríguez de Romo Ana Cecilia
Published: December 2013

La enseñanza de la medicina en México, permaneció casi la misma los tres siglos de la Colonia. En 1833 el vicepresidente Valentín Gómez Farias reforma la enseñanza y se adopta un programa de estudios médicos muy semejante al francés. Entonces la cátedra de fisiología tomó particular importancia y su evolución a través de los profesores que la impartieron, reflejó claramente el esfuerzo y al mismo tiempo la dificultad para asimilar lo moderno en la fisiología.
¿Hacer tabla rasa de la historia?: la analogía entre herencia fisiológica y memoria en el anarquismo español (1870-1914)
Authors: Girón Álvaro
Published: December 2013

La difusión del darwinismo estimuló un gran interés sobre los fenómenos asociados con la herencia fisiológica en el período 1870-1930. Los anarquistas españoles, aunque no se interesaron específicamente por las causas de la herencia y la variación, sí manifestaron una preocupación evidente sobre sus potenciales efectos. De hecho, la analogía entre herencia y memoria, normalmente asociada con teorías neolamarckianas, fue extremadamente útil a la hora de racionalizar aquellos aspectos de la realidad histórica y social que eran más difíciles de aceptar desde un punto de vista libertario.
Paléontologie(s) et évolution au début du XIXe siècle cuvier et Lamarck
Authors: Laurent Goulven
Published: December 2013

La paleontología, desde su nacimiento, ha sido llamada a suministrar argumentos a favor y contra la teoría de la Evolución, que nació en la misma época. En efecto, Cuvier y Lamarck, los dos fundadores de la (de las) paleontología (s) —de los vertebrados y de los invertebrados—, utilizaron las decenas de fósiles que descubrieron como «piezas justificativas» de sus teorías. Sus artículos polemizaron contradictoriamente en páginas sucesivas de la misma revista, los Annales du muséum d'Histoire naturelle de París, y en sus obras de principios del siglo XIX.
Los guisantes mágicos de Darwin y Mendel
Authors: Galera Andrés
Published: December 2013

En el presente trabajo analizamos los modelos hereditarios propuestos por Darwin y Mendel para explicar la historia evolutiva de la Tierra. De la comparación resultan dos teorías biológicas enfrentadas, regidas una por el principio de la selección natural y la otra por la mutación.
De la razón al juego: la teoría del conocimiento de la enfermedad en Karl Jaspers y su reconsideración desde la epistemología actual
Authors: González de Pablo Ángel
Published: December 2013

A partir de la idea del Envolvente en tanto sistemática del pensamiento, se intenta caracterizar una posible teoría jaspersiana del conocimiento de la enfermedad. Dicha teoría gira en torno a los siguientes puntos: 1) La existencia de dos modos de conocimiento del enfermar: el directo u objetivo (basado en la causalidad, la no contradicción y la univocidad del lenguaje); y el indirecto o inobjetivo (basado en la acausalidad, la antinomia y la polisemia del lenguaje). 2) El establecimiento de una articulación no sincrética entre ambos por intermedio de la Razón. y 3) La consideración del todo de la enfermedad como realidad velada, como realidad que se anuncia alternativamente en esos dos modos articulados y no superponibles de conocimiento, pero que —en su totalidad— no puede enunciarse objetivamente.
Los distintos puntos de esta teoría se reconsideran, además, desde ciertas nociones de la actual teoría del conocimiento con el fin de conjeturar cuál podría ser la vigencia del pensamiento jaspersiano a finales del siglo XX.
De la consolidación a la cesantía: evolución del profesorado de medicina en la universidad literaria de Sevilla (1833-1845)
Authors: Carrillo Juan L.
Published: December 2013

En el presente artículo se analiza la evolución del profesorado de medicina en la Universidad Literaria de Sevilla entre 1833 y 1845, fecha esta última en la que se procedió a la supresión de los estudios médicos en la ciudad de Sevilla. En 1834 se produjo una consolidación del profesorado por medio de una oposiciones descentralizadas; en 1843, ahora por nombramiento gubernamental, se estructuró un profesorado destinado a impartir sus enseñanzas en el recién creado Colegio de Prácticos en el Arte de Curar que se reclutó básicamente del antiguo profesorado de la Facultad de Medicina suprimida y en 1845 todo él quedó cesante, analizándose las diferentes salidas profesionales. Se toman muy en cuenta las condiciones locales que posibilitaron la creación y efímera existencia de dos Cátedras —una de Cirugía y otra de Obstetricia— entre 1840 y 1842.
Las Obras de Albeyteria de Martín Arredondo
Authors: Teixidó Gómez Francisco , Teixidó Gómez Jesús
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo analizamos las Obras de Albeyteria de Martín Arredondo, probablemente el albéitar más importante del siglo XVII español y auténtico exponente del galenismo aplicado a la medicina animal. El texto estudiado es desigual en muchos aspectos, se dan cita autores clásicos y modernos ya sean filósofos, historiadores, médicos, albéitares, y hay pasajes de gran interés científico, filosófico, de erudición, etc., explicados de manera sencilla o engorrosa, con precisión o con digresiones que no hacen al caso, con rigurosidad científica o sin ella. En su obra, la biología y patología equinas, la historia de la albeitería y un gran número de facetas de la cultura de la época se entremezclan con fantasías, mitología, supersticiones, etc.