bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Backfill Consolidation in Underground Mine Stopes
Authors: Thanayamwatte Prabhath , Sivakugan Nagaratnam , To Peter
Published: May 2024

This paper highlights the importance of considering hydraulic backfill consolidation and wet arching when determining the stresses in underground mine stopes and acting on the barricade. The wet arching is introduced here as an arching effect during consolidation. Most studies consider hydraulic backfill consolidation as an instantaneous process and ignore its effects on stress within the stope and acting on the barricade. Mainly the reasons would be the granular behaviour and higher permeability of mine tailings used for hydraulic backfills. Yet, recent laboratory experiments and tests carried out under this study show that the consolidation is slow enough to significantly affect the hydraulic backfill stresses. According to the literature, hydraulic backfills have a considerable amount of fine particles which can slow down the consolidation process as evident in the tests. The paper discusses available stress variation between dry and wet fills while demonstrating its significance and requirements for further studies in consolidation and wet arching. Another important factor ignored in the literature is the hydraulic backfill property variations which were evident in tests carried out in this study. The results suggest segregation occurs within the fill which follows property variations over depth and considerably influences stresses. These effects must be considered when determining the stresses within the fill and developing a hydraulic backfill stress model.
Bundle Adjustment of Aerial Linear Pushbroom Hyperspectral Images with Sub-Pixel Accuracy
Authors: Jonassen Vetle O. , Ressl Camillo , Pfeifer Norbert , Kjørsvik Narve S. , Gjevestad Jon Glenn Omholt
Published: May 2024

Linear pushbroom (LP) cameras are often used in airborne hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Orthoimages are generated for HSI analyses but these require accurate camera orientations from bundle adjustment. However, the limited image overlap leads to an over-parameterization in the bundle adjustment with six degrees of freedom per image exposure, i.e., LP image line. Feature-based matching based on salient key points in small image neighborhoods cannot be readily applied to LP image lines, since each LP image line is only a single pixel wide in one of the image dimensions. A naive mosaicing of consecutive LP image lines leads to unacceptably large errors owing to the relative camera motion within these mosaics, even for a stabilized camera. Thus, a new method that allows the use of established methods for feature-based matching from aerial LP image lines is presented, and observations are retrieved and used in the bundle adjustment. The examination of the spatial misregistration between spectral bands in HSI cameras, i.e., the chromatic aberration, is also examined. The method assumes a stabilized camera system with a processed global navigation satellite system aided inertial navigation system solution. The bundle adjustment is done by estimating trajectory corrections in time intervals and retrieving discrete trajectory estimates from cubic spline interpolation. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the method. The chromatic aberration is shown to be of sub-pixel level in the LP HSI camera, and the resulting planimetric accuracy (normalized median absolute deviation) from the bundle adjustment is $$\sim 1/4$$

∼
1
/
4

of the ground sampling distance in each of the north and east components. The accurate estimates from the bundle adjustment are shown to be suitable for high-quality orthoimage generation.
Solid lipid nanocarriers for drug delivery: design innovations and characterization strategies—a comprehensive review
Authors: Bukke Sarad Pawar Naik , Venkatesh Chandrakala , Bandenahalli Rajanna Sowmyashree , Saraswathi Tenpattinam Shanmugam , Kusuma Praveen Kumar , Goruntla Narayana , Balasuramanyam Nitin , Munishamireddy Shilpa
Published: May 2024

Lipid-based colloidal carriers, particularly Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), offer a versatile platform for formulating hydrophobic drugs, presenting significant pharmaceutical implications across diverse fields. This paper explores methodologies utilized in SLN production, ranging from high-pressure homogenization to microemulsion techniques, with each method influencing the characteristics and efficacy of the resultant nanoparticles. Various administration routes for SLNs exist, leveraging the lipid matrix's protective properties to shield encapsulated drugs, thus minimizing degradation and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, SLNs exhibit sustained release properties, facilitating prolonged drug delivery and reducing the need for frequent dosing. Their small size and high surface area contribute to improved drug dissolution, enhanced bioavailability, and extended retention within the body. The existence of multiple patents underscores the substantial research conducted in the domain of SLNs, with numerous commercial formulations available globally. In conclusion, this work highlights the intricate nature of SLNs and their pivotal role in advancing drug delivery techniques. Ongoing efforts are directed toward overcoming challenges and exploring novel therapeutic avenues, highlighting the dynamic and evolving landscape of SLN research and application.
Taxonomic diversity of extremophilic prokaryotes adapted to special environmental parameters in Hungary: a review
Authors: Borsodi Andrea K.
Published: May 2024

The taxonomic and metabolic diversity of prokaryotes and their adaptability to extreme environmental parameters have allowed extremophiles to find their optimal living conditions under extreme conditions for one or more environmental parameters. Natural habitats abundant in extremophilic microorganisms are relatively rare in Hungary. Nevertheless, alkaliphiles and halophiles can flourish in shallow alkaline lakes (soda pans) and saline (solonetz) soils, where extreme weather conditions favor the development of unique bacterial communities. In addition, the hot springs and thermal wells that supply spas and thermal baths and provide water for energy use are suitable colonization sites for thermophiles and hyperthermophiles. Polyextremophiles, adapted to multiple extreme circumstances, can be found in the aphotic, nutrient-poor and radioactive hypogenic caves of the Buda Thermal Karst, among others. The present article reviews the organization, taxonomic composition, and potential role of different extremophilic bacterial communities in local biogeochemical cycles, based on the most recent studies on extremophiles in Hungary.
Enhancing nutritional profile, antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, and shelf life of coconut snowball (Naru) through Borassus flabellifer endosperm substitution
Authors: Roy Sarita , Sarkar Tanmay , Chakraborty Runu
Published: May 2024

Coconut snowball (Naru/ Ladoo) is a conventional Indian sweet made out of coconut endosperm and sugar/ jaggery. However, coconut snowball has a limited shelf-life (3–4 weeks) and lose their textural properties with time in refrigerated conditions, due to the presence of high amounts of saturated fatty acids. This present study is aimed to utilize tender endosperm (Talsas/ Nungu) of Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) as an ingredient for coconut snowball to improve its nutritional and sensory attributes. In this study, the optimum cooking time, amount of coconut, and Talsas endosperm obtained through Box-Behnken model were 22.5 min, 52.25% and 22.5%, respectively. Fortification increased the levels of total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, ferric reducing antioxidant activity, and 2, 2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) radical scavenging property by 45.39%, 3.25-fold, 6.68-fold and 2.34-fold, respectively. HPLC analysis of Naru samples revealed the presence of six polyphenols (kaemferol, myricetin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, rutin). Additionally, in-vitro lipid digestibility, lipid oxidation studies microbiological analysis, and sensory studies were conducted to determine the role of Talsas endosperm substitution in coconut snowball. Based on these experiments, it can be concluded that fortification of Coconut Naru with Talsas endosperm significantly enhanced its nutritional profile, antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, and shelf life by only up to 75 days.
Music, Medicine and Religion at the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Rome
Authors: Barker Naomi J.
Published: May 2024

Explores the use of music as therapy and shows how it operated in the hospital's institutional, social and historical contexts, undergoing change in response to broader cultural and religious movements.
The Old Testament in Medieval Icelandic Texts
Authors: Grønlie Siân Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Demonstrates the essential nature of biblical translation and adaptation to Old-Norse-Icelandic literature.
Describing Women's Clothing in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Spencer Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Uncovers sources from the parish pauper to the gentlewoman to consider relationships with clothing across the social hierarchy in the long eighteenth century.
Tracing the Feminist Maternal in a European Context: A Review
Authors: Takševa Tatjana
Published: May 2024

“What might motherhood and Europe have to do with one another?” is a question posed by Lisa Baraitser in the Foreword to the collection, Motherhood in Literature and Culture: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from Europe. The question is certainly pertinent at a time when the very concept of Europe as a geopolitical space and an imaginary construct is being interrogated and critiqued from both within and without the carefully policed borders of the European Union project. It is also pertinent given the increased amount of scholarship on the maternal produced by scholars occupying various transnational locations and positionalities, working to deconstruct unitary and essentialist ideas about mothers and motherhood. The possibility of identifying a specifically European maternal theoretical and lived space thus invites us to carefully theorize the diversity of European contexts, a diversity that is often occluded or elided by easy references to Eurocentric bias in feminist research, as well as the dis/continuities between European-based and Anglo-American feminist scholarship on the maternal. And yet, precisely because the work of mothering always unfolds within specific micro and macro geographic, social, cultural, and ideological spaces, the question merits closer attention. In this essay I consider the cluster of three books delineating the contours of an Italian, as well as a more broadly conceptualized European, philosophy of the maternal in light of these evolving academic and experiential realities.
Investigating the parametric dependence of the impact of two-way coupling on inertial particle settling in turbulence
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumak , Tom Josin , Carbone Maurizio , Bragg Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

Tom et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 947, 2022, p. A7) investigated the impact of two-way coupling (2WC) on particle settling velocities in turbulence. For the limited parameter choices explored, it was found that (i) 2WC substantially enhances particle settling compared with the one-way coupled case, even at low mass loading

$\varPhi _m$

and (ii) preferential sweeping remains the mechanism responsible for the particles settling faster than the Stokes settling velocity in 2WC flows. However, significant alterations to the flow structure that can occur at higher mass loadings mean that the conclusions from Tom et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 947, 2022, p. A7) may not generalise. Indeed, even under very low mass loadings, the influence of 2WC on particle settling might persist, challenging the conventional assumption. We therefore explore a much broader portion of the parameter space, with simulations covering cases where the impact of 2WC on the global fluid statistics ranges from negligible to strong. We find that, even for

$\varPhi _m=7.5\times 10^{-3}$

, 2WC can noticeably increase the settling for some choices of the Stokes and Froude numbers. When

$\varPhi _m$

is large enough for the global fluid statistics to be strongly affected, we show that preferential sweeping continues to be the mechanism that enhances particle settling rates. Finally, we compare our results with previous numerical and experimental studies. While in some cases there is reasonable agreement, discrepancies exist even between different numerical studies and between different experiments. Future studies must seek to understand this before the discrepancies between numerical and experimental results can be adequately addressed.
Jetting enhancement from wall-proximal cavitation bubbles by a distant wall
Authors: Zeng Qingyun , Zhang A-Man , Tan Beng Hau , An Hongjie , Ohl Claus-Dieter
Published: May 2024

An additional distant wall is known to highly alter the jetting scenarios of wall-proximal bubbles. Here, we combine high-speed photography and axisymmetric volume of fluid (VoF) simulations to quantitatively describe its role in enhancing the micro-jet dynamics within the directed jet regime (Zeng et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 896, 2020, A28). Upon a favourable agreement on the bubble and micro-jet dynamics, both experimental and simulation results indicate that the micro-jet velocity increases dramatically as

$\eta$

decreases, where

$\eta =H/R_{max}$

is the distance between two walls

$H$

normalized by the maximum bubble radius

$R_{max}$

. The mechanism is related to the collapsing flow, which is constrained by the distant wall into a reverse stagnation-point flow that builds up pressure near the bubble's top surface and accelerates it into micro-jets. We further derive an equation expressing the micro-jet velocity

$U_{jet}=87.94\gamma ^{0.5}(1+(1/3)(\eta -\lambda ^{1.2})^{-2})$

, where

${\gamma =d/R_{max}}$

is the stand-off distance to the proximal wall with

$d$

the distance between the initial bubble centre and the wall,

$\lambda =R_{y,m}/R_{max}$

with

$R_{y,m}$

the distance between the top surface and the proximal wall at the bubble's maximum expansion. Viscosity has a minimal impact on the jet velocity for small

$\gamma$

, where the pressure buildup is predominantly influenced by geometry.
Coexistence of dual wing–wake interaction mechanisms during the rapid rotation of flapping wings
Authors: Chen Long , Wu Jianghao
Published: May 2024

Insects flip their wings around each stroke reversal and may enhance lift in the early stage of a half-stroke. The possible lift-enhancing mechanism of this rapid wing rotation and its strong connection with wake vortices are still underexplored, especially when unsteady leading-edge vortex (LEV) behaviours occur. Here, we numerically studied the lift generation and underlying vorticity dynamics during the rapid rotation of a low aspect ratio flapping wing at a Reynolds number (

${\textit {Re}}$

) of 1500. Our findings prove that when the outboard LEV breaks down, an advanced rotation can still enhance the lift in the early stage of a half-stroke, which originates from an interaction with the breakdown vortex in the outboard region. This interaction, named the breakdown-vortex jet mechanism, results in a jet and thus a higher pressure on the upwind surface, including a stronger wingtip suction force on the leeward surface. Although the stable LEV within the mid-span retains its growth and location during an advanced rotation, it can be detrimental to lift enhancement as it moves underneath the wing. Therefore, for a flapping wing at

${\textit {Re}}\sim 10^3$

, the interactions with stable and breakdown leading-edge vortices lead to the single-vortex suction and breakdown-vortex jet mechanisms, respectively. In other words, the contribution of wing–wake interaction depends on the spanwise location. The current work also implies the importance of wing kinematics to this wing–wake interaction in flapping wings, and provides an alternative perspective for understanding this complex flow phenomenon at

${\textit {Re}}\sim 10^3$

.
The “Other” Pro-Israel Lobby: The AFL-CIO and Israel (1952–1960)
Authors: Fromer Yoav
Published: May 2024

As the American Left finds itself increasingly alienated from Israel, this article supplements the rich historical narrative regarding U.S.–Israel relations by highlighting the important—albeit mostly forgotten—contribution of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) to forging the so-called “special relationship” from the onset. This transnational study transcends prevailing focus on Jewish-American and Christian-Zionist lobbying operations by weaving together the history of U.S.–Israel relations with that of organized labor in the United States and demonstrating how they mutually reinforced each other. The article makes a two-part argument: first, that the AFL-CIO's embrace of Israel and Histadrut, Israel's general federation of labor, proved instrumental in establishing American popular support for Israel in the 1950s and cementing it as a leading liberal cause; second, that such support was not merely rooted in Cold War exigencies, but also served domestic purposes by offering American labor officials an inspiring—yet romanticized—model for social democracy onto which they could project their own aspirations and grievances.
Great Power Competition, Clientelism, and De Facto States: Transnistria and Taiwan Compared
Authors: Marandici Ion
Published: May 2024

To what extent can de facto states act autonomously vis-à-vis their patron states and domestic societies? This article draws on theories of clientelism in international relations to develop a novel argument explaining the agency of de facto states. Examining two strategic triangles—Russia–Transnistria–Moldova and US–Taiwan–China—it demonstrates that interrelated domestic factors such as robust political competition, democratic pluralism, reimagined national identities, and big business shape the autonomy of de facto states in Eastern Europe and East Asia. Furthermore, the structured focused comparison of Transnistria and Taiwan indicates that the agency of de facto states declines when rising parent states and dissatisfied patron states challenge the status quo, engaging in great power competition. Their autonomy varies across areas of low and high politics, as patron states prioritize military-security issues and interfere less in the economic and cultural affairs of the de facto states.
Can Small States Reshape Their Regional Identities? Examining Georgia’s Cognitive Dissonance between South Caucasus and Eastern Europe
Authors: Kakachia Kornely , Lebanidze Bidzina
Published: May 2024

Georgia represents an interesting case to study the agency of small states in reshaping their regional identity and external environment. Although much of the world has considered Georgia as politically part of the South Caucasus region, the country’s political elites themselves have long attempted to escape the geographic boundaries of the South Caucasus region and relocate their country into Eastern Europe. We argue that Georgian elites were partially successful in their quest for foreign political identity change. Although they did not manage to entirely change the international perception about Georgia’s geographic belonging, the country has politically moved closer to Eastern Europe and is considered to be part of “Associated Trio” together with Ukraine and Moldova—and recently became an EU candidate. From a theoretical perspective, we argue that Georgia’s quest for foreign policy identity recalibration fits the constructivist paradigm of international relations well. It can be argued that Georgia’s political elites were partially driven by ideational factors and were ignorant of the balance of power in their external environment, which cost the country the lost wars and compromised territorial sovereignty.
A proposed framework for data-driven human factors evaluation
Authors: Ormerod Isabelle , Dybvik Henrikke , Fraser Mike , Snider Chris
Published: May 2024

Human-centred approaches within the design cycle are crucial to enhance usability and inclusivity of products. However, the qualitative nature of traditional human factors evaluation can create bottle necks, prompting the need for more data driven methods. A framework for data-driven human factors is presented, looking to integrate mixed-method approaches. Case studies illustrate its usage in real-world scenarios and challenges are summarised, calling for robust data collection methods, balancing of mixed methods, a need for explainable systems, and interdisciplinary expertise.
“Ideas are really…” – supporting collaborative dialogues and community of practice for innovation via CO:RE cards
Authors: Suhaimi Safia Najwa , Walters Andrew , Ward Jo
Published: May 2024

The study explores the affordances of CO:RE Cards in prompting collaborative dialogues surrounding R&D and innovation among creative industry practitioners. The use of CO:RE Cards was evaluated in three sessions within a collaborative dialogue environment. It was analysed that they have prompted the building of a collective language and understanding among creative practitioners through collaborative knowledge construction and mutual learning. We discuss the potentially significant role of CO:RE Cards in nurturing a Community of Practice (CoP) for innovation in the creative industries.
Interpretation of sustainability philosophies into product design for awareness, cohesion, and equity
Authors: Acevedo Laura Isabel , Pigosso Daniela C. A. , McAloone Tim C.
Published: May 2024

Throughout time, the definition of sustainability has been interpreted differently and different philosophies have consequently emerged, each with its own vision of a sustainable society. At the same time, manufacturing firms have focused on environmental improvements, but social aspects have often been neglected. This study identifies 11 philosophies and 51 product design strategies contributing to sustainability awareness, cohesion, and equity, set to ensure social sustainability integration at a manufacturing firm level.
Operationalizing community-based open scientific design research benchmarks: application to model-based architecture design synthesis
Authors: Pinquié Romain , Roucoules Lionel , Yvars Pierre-Alain , Chenouard Raphaël
Published: May 2024

The point has repeatedly been made that validation is a crucial success factor in demonstrating the scientific contribution and ensuring the adoption of results. Still, researchers in design science validate their research findings too infrequently. We must all evaluate our claimed contributions on open benchmarks to improve validation quality and foster cumulative research. In this paper, we propose a meta-model to standardise and operationalise the concept of open scientific benchmarks in design science and to guide communities of researchers in the co-development of scientific benchmarks.
Remanufacturing as a circular design strategy in healthcare: integrating socio-technical and environmental-economic assessments
Authors: Andersen Amanda Worsøe , Jørgensen Siri Fritze , Gunn Wendy , Niero Monia
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the role of remanufacturing in healthcare as a key circular design strategy, particularly for medical devices, assessing its socio-technical, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability. Through a detailed case of ultrasound catheters, it demonstrates how remanufacturing can lead to resource conservation, cost savings, and enhanced product lifecycles in health care without compromising quality and patient safety. The study argues for systemic changes in healthcare practices to fully integrate remanufacturing, underscoring its role beyond a technical solution.
Durability as a techno-socio-economic concept
Authors: Campean Felician , Eckert Claudia
Published: May 2024

While the “useful life” of products plays an important role in the balance of sustainability and lifecycle assessment, the concept of durability, as the main measure of useful life, is still ill-defined. This paper critically considers the limitations of the current definitions and approaches to durability, by reflecting on the complex interactions of the viewpoints of engineering design teams, users, society and business economics. A new definition is proposed for durability relating to the useful life goals for a product within its techno-socio-economic context.
Assessing the disassembly performance of washing machines through the design for circular disassembly methodology
Authors: Formentini Giovanni , Martiny Thorvald Alrø , Møller Christian , Vernica Teodor , Ramanujan Devarajan
Published: May 2024

To enable the circular economy paradigm, it is important to design easy-to-disassemble products. A new method, known as Design for Circular Disassembly (DfCD), has been proposed to enhance product disassembly performances toward circularity. The method was tested on a small-sized product, showing promising results. However, its applicability to medium-sized products remains unclear. The goal of this article is to assess the effectiveness of DfCD on medium-sized products, particularly washing machines. Results showed DfCD can be extended to medium-sized products, increasing model complexity.
Navigating complexity: visualising sustainable product development knowledge through dynamic heatmaps
Authors: Kremer Gerald , Aboumorra Sarah , Stark Rainer
Published: May 2024

The paper presents a novel approach to visualize the impacts of design heuristics in sustainable product development. Focusing on the integration of ecological sustainability, our research introduces a multivariate visual approach, combining Sunburst Charts and Radial Heat Maps. The methodology, based on a description standard for design heuristics, enhances knowledge sharing and provides an intuitive tool for designers. A dynamic three-series radial heatmap facilitates comparisons across different product properties, fostering informed decision-making in product development.
Consumer behaviour in the context of circular economy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Rohsig Lopez Nicole Sofia , Legardeur Jérémy
Published: May 2024

Circular business models (CBMs) focus on cycling, extending, intensifying, and/or dematerialising material and energy loops to reduce resource inputs and waste and emission leakage. We aim to explore consumer behaviour in circular economy through a systematic literature review to determine barriers and motivators to implementing CBMs, analysing twenty-eight articles. We identified internal motivations, such as economic and environmental concerns; and external factors facilitating engagement with circularity, such as better awareness, and products with design for circularity.
Design measures to address carbon emissions in products’ lifecycle: an empirical analysis
Authors: Zomer Thayla , de Senzi Zancul Eduardo , Cauchick-Miguel Paulo Augusto , Kohlbeck Eloiza
Published: May 2024

Companies need to implement low-carbon operations, including product-related innovation initiatives. The literature on low-carbon product design has grown, but existing studies are primarily theoretical. This empirical study identifies design measures adopted by companies committed to GHG emission reduction. A qualitative analysis of the climate change reports from a sample of companies reporting to the CDP was conducted. Design measures were identified and classified. The findings shed light on design measures contributing to emission reduction in different product lifecycle phases.
Requirements elicitation in board game design for children with developmental language disorder (DLD)
Authors: Abela Edward , Balzan Emanuel , Farrugia Philip , Stellini Donia , Gatt Daniela
Published: May 2024

Developmental Language Disorders (DLDs) affects a significant number of children during early childhood. Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) are vital in providing the adequate treatment through Speech and Language Therapeutic Toys (SALTTs) including board games, which have substantial benefits for children undergoing therapy. However, designers require support in designing board games which specifically target child therapy. A framework is proposed to assist designers in designing more efficient, inclusive and usable games which in turn are aligned with therapy goals defined by SLPs.
Designing positive emotional experiences of wearable medical technology for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Williams Ryan Charles , Lim Yonghun
Published: May 2024

With the current strain on the healthcare service, wearable technology presents a solution. However, there is a lack of adoption from user groups due to a focus on clinical and financial factors. This study explores the implementation of positive design in medicine, outlining contributing factors to positive emotional experiences. Using a qualitative methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews with users and experts, a construct was defined consisting of five key psychological needs, including control, stimulation, competence, social factors, and purpose & growth.
Play well, print well: using LEGO bricks as an intuitive benchmarking tool for 3D printers
Authors: Air Alan , Wodehouse Andrew
Published: May 2024

In 3D printing, calibration is crucial for accurate prints, particularly those with complex or intricate features. This paper focuses on developing, manufacturing, and testing a benchmarking model to assess the dimensional accuracy of 3D printers. The aim is to evaluate the 3D printed model against a universally recognized real-world equivalent – a LEGO® brick – using its interlock function as a test with an engaging element. An interlock benchmarking framework aids further analysis of the model's performance, and a checklist for the model is provided for additional visual analysis.
Design and evaluation of non-planar material extrusion on a 3-axis printer
Authors: Bengtsson Samuel , Nordin Axel , Tavčar Jože
Published: May 2024

The use of material extrusion (MEX) has increased rapidly due to the affordability of 3D printers. This has led to a growing demand for improved print quality, high fidelity, strength, or fast print times. In this study, a non-planar approach for better surface quality is investigated. The hardware of a 3-axis MEX printer was developed together with testing new software for non-planar slicing. The aim was to identify the most influential parameter combinations using design of experiments. A novel method for measuring surface quality was presented together with future research work.
A knowledge-driven, integrated design support tool for additive manufacturing
Authors: Ellsel Claudius , Stark Rainer
Published: May 2024

Increasing adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) makes software support for design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) more relevant. This paper presents a novel, knowledge-driven design support tool for AM that leverages a central knowledge base to provide extensible and powerful DfAM support early in the development process. The approach was implemented using Python for the knowledge base and as a plugin for Siemens NX. It offers automated design checks, optimizations, and further information through an integrated Wiki. Evaluation confirms the feasibility and benefits of the approach.
Investigating designers’ preferred learning media to design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Obi Martins , Pradel Patrick , Sinclair Matt , Bibb Richard , Evans Mark
Published: May 2024

In this exploratory study, designers’ preferred learning media in learning to design for Additive Manufacturing was explored. Furthermore, by deploying an online survey questionnaire, factors such as years of experience, and the categories of products designed were explored to understand how they influence designers’ learning media with a response from 201 respondents. The results show that designers have learned how to design for AM through experimentation and present the first step towards developing an appropriate Design for Additive Manufacturing knowledge dissemination approach.
Stress concentrations and design for additive manufacturing: a design artefact approach to investigation
Authors: Obilanade Didunoluwa , Peckham Owen Rahmat , McClenaghan Adam , Gopsill James , Törlind Peter
Published: May 2024

The accelerated rate of product development and design complexities offered by Additive Manufacturing (AM) has allowed for innovation in the space industry. However, the surface roughness of parts poses a challenge, as it impacts performance and is tied to design choices. Design tools for traditional manufacturing methods fall short in AM contexts, prompting the need for alternative design processes. This work proposes an experimental approach to design for AM investigation using design artefacts to explore a process-structure-property-performance relationship.
Providing a knowledge-based design catalog as an approach to support the development of design for additive manufacturing skills
Authors: Tüzün Gregory-Jamie , Roth Daniel , Kreimeyer Matthias
Published: May 2024

Proficiency in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) requires training and a lot of trial and error. To support the development of DfAM skills, we redesigned 47 design artifacts from case studies and derived tacit knowledge from successful and unsuccessful redesigns. All knowledge about these artifacts was then collected in a design catalog. In a workshop with a total of 48 graduates and students, 45 participants deemed the design catalog supportive. After evaluating their designs, we concluded that the use of a knowledge-based design catalog can develop and improve individual DfAM skills.
Topology optimisation of multiple robot links considering screw connections
Authors: Wanninger Tobias , Frank Jintin , Zimmermann Markus
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a method for the lightweight design of robotic links subject to dynamic loads and requirements on the overall system stiffness. It includes (1) a decomposition scheme to enable separate component optimization and (2) an approach based on topology optimization for optimal load path design of screw connections. The approach reduces computing cost and mass of designs with screw connections.
Additive manufacturing in fluid power with novel application to hydraulic pump design
Authors: Wiberg Anton , Ericson Liselott , Persson Johan A. , Ölvander Johan
Published: May 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) enhances component functionality in engineering. This study explores AM benefits for hydraulic pumps, by reviewing literature on fluid power and existing AM successes in pumps, pipes, and manifolds. While hydraulic pump research is scarce, the study redesigns a pump, mirroring successes in other hydraulic areas. Predicted outcomes include a 45-85% pressure drop reduction, 35% weight reduction, and fewer parts compared to traditional pumps, achieved with minor design changes. Larger-scale redesigns promise even greater improvements.
Automatic identification of role-specific information in product development: a critical review on large language models
Authors: Ehring Dominik , Menekse Ismail , Luttmer Janosch , Nagarajah Arun
Published: May 2024

In the era of digitization and the growing flood of information, the automatic, role-specific identification of information is crucial. This research paper aims to investigate whether the adaptation of LLM is suitable for classifying information obtained from standards for corresponding role profiles. This research reveals that with systematic fine-tuning, prediction accuracy can be increased by almost 100%. The validation was carried out using a two-digit number of standards for three predefined roles and demonstrates the significant potential of LM for labelling content with regard to roles.
Surrogate-based design optimization of the binder cover combining performance and production cost
Authors: Eremeev Pavel , Devriendt Hendrik , De Cock Alexander , Naets Frank
Published: May 2024

This study integrates surrogate models into combined design optimization of a binder cover, considering production cost and performance constraints. Results reveal that models trained on substantial datasets achieve designs close to the global optimum. Incorporating model variance into constraints prediction in surrogate-based optimization improves robustness and accuracy, especially with noisy functions. This modification enhances the likelihood of obtaining feasible designs, reducing computational demands and showcasing the potential of smaller datasets in predicting local optima.
Towards an automatic contradiction detection in requirements engineering
Authors: Gärtner Alexander Elenga , Göhlich Dietmar
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a novel method for automatic contradiction detection in requirements engineering using a hybrid approach combining formal logic with Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-3. Our three-phase process detects contradictions by identifying conditionals and pseudo-grammatical elements, and employing LLMs for nuanced contradiction detection. Tested extensively, including on a real-world electric bus project, our method achieved 99% accuracy and 60% recall. This approach significantly reduces manual effort, enhances quality, and is scalable for future advancements.
The Karakuri IoT toolkit: a collaborative solution for ideating and prototyping IoT opportunities
Authors: Aranda-Muñoz Álvaro , Yamamoto Yuji , Sandström Kristian
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a collaborative solution developed to enable people without prior Internet of Things (IoT) knowledge to ideate, conceptualise, role-play and prototype potential improvements to their work processes and environments. The solution, called the Karakuri IoT toolkit and method, was tested in two workshops with eight production leaders at a Swedish manufacturing company. Outcomes were analysed from the perspectives of materials interaction and instruments of inquiry. Results indicate the solution can help people conceive and prototype improvement ideas at early design stages.
The digital thread for system lifecycle management with a native graph database in a polyglot architecture
Authors: Kasper Nico , Pfenning Michael , Eigner Martin
Published: May 2024

The Digital Thread is a system that connects different phases of the product lifecycle and the related data across one or more companies in the supply chain. This work aims to develop a graph data model of the Digital Thread, in the context of the vision of polyglot persistence, that interconnects the different phases of the lifecycle and their corresponding data models, processes, and IT systems. This work proposes a Digital Thread Graph that integrates a Digital Model and a derived Digital Twin, using object and relation attributes for view creation and filtering while minimizing redundancy.
Challenges for capturing data within data-driven design processes
Authors: Langner Christopher , Paliyenko Yevgeni , Müller Benedikt , Roth Daniel , Guertler Matthias R. , Kreimeyer Matthias
Published: May 2024

Cyber-Physical-Systems provide extensive data gathering opportunities along the lifecycle, enabling data-driven design to improve the design process. However, its implementation faces challenges, particularly in the initial data capturing stage. To identify those, a comprehensive approach combining a systematic literature review and an industry survey was applied. Four groups of interrelated challenges were identified as most relevant to practitioners: data selection, data availability in systems, knowledge about data science processes and tools, and guiding users in targeted data capturing.
From human-centred to humanity-ecosystem centred design. How can we dialogue with AI?
Authors: Oğrak Zeynep , Altıparmakoğulları Yener
Published: May 2024

With the swift entry of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life, human-product interactions are becoming increasingly complex. We suggest an ecosystem-minded, humanity-centered design approach to better understand this complexity. Simultaneously with the development of interaction types, discussions and developments on theories of mental models are crucial to understanding and improving the nature of these interactions. In this paper, we address the gap in mental model theories and extend Norman's conceptual model at three dialogue levels: dialogue in language, mind, and use.
Automating the assembly planning process to enable design for assembly using reinforcement learning
Authors: Parzeller Rafael , Koziol Dominik , Dagner Tizian , Gerhard Detlef
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a new concept for the automation of the assembly planning process, to enable Design for Assembly (DfA). The approach involves the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to assembly sequence planning (ASP) based on a 3D-CAD model. The ASP algorithm determines assembly sequences through assembly by disassembly. The assembly sequence is then used for the generation of subassemblies by considering the product contact information. The approach aims to support the creation of the manufacturing bill of materials (MBOM) by automating the assembly planning process.
Automatic movement pattern analysis for data-driven system optimisation – an example for fattening livestock farming monitoring system
Authors: Raveendran Gurubaran , zu Westerhausen Sören Meyer , Wurst Johanna , Lachmayer Roland
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a method for analysing motion patterns that can be utilised to optimise data-driven systems. The aim is to use surveillance cameras and artificial intelligence to track multiple objects in a reliable manner, thereby preserving the authenticity of movement patterns for numerous and similar objects. In a case study, this method is applied to optimize lighting conditions in animal husbandry. Furthermore, this approach can be utilized not only in animal husbandry but also in other domains.
Digital twins to increase sustainability throughout the system life cycle: a systematic literature review
Authors: Trienens Malte , Rasor Rik , Kharatyan Aschot , Dumitrescu Roman , Anacker Harald
Published: May 2024

Sustainability is not a new trend, but a mandatory measure for responsible and environmentally conscious use of resources. The digital transformation offers new potential in engineering and competitive advantages for companies through innovative technologies like the digital twin. Based on digital twins, products can be optimized, and new business models can be developed. Long-term added value is generated for manufacturing companies and customers. This paper explores the benefits of digital twins in the context of sustainability. Current challenges and use cases of digital twins are analysed.
Harmonizing human-AI synergy: behavioral science in AI-integrated design
Authors: Van Rooy Dirk , Vaes Kristof
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the role of integrating behavioral science to refine human-AI interaction, essential for ensuring safety and efficiency. Advocating for empathetic, user-centric design, the paper illustrates how behavioral insights can effectively inform AI-integrated designs, making AI applications more intuitive and ethically aligned with diverse human needs. This approach can ultimately enrich interaction across systems, fostering a more harmonious human-AI synergy.
How good is ChatGPT? An exploratory study on ChatGPT's performance in engineering design tasks and subjective decision-making
Authors: Xu Wanyu , Kotecha Maulik Chhabilkumar , McAdams Daniel A.
Published: May 2024

This study explores how large language models like ChatGPT comprehend language and assess information. Through two experiments, we compare ChatGPT's performance with humans', addressing two key questions: 1) How does ChatGPT compare with human raters in evaluating judgment-based tasks like speculative technology realization? 2) How well does ChatGPT extract technical knowledge from non-technical content, such as mining speculative technologies from text, compared to humans? Results suggest ChatGPT's promise in knowledge extraction but also reveal a disparity with humans in decision-making.
Application of universal design principles on computer mouse interface: developing a universal mouse pointing and control system to provide affordance to the left-handed users
Authors: Basak Abhinav , Roy Shatarupa Thakurta
Published: May 2024

The graphical user interface was introduced to democratize access to computer systems by simplifying hardware and visual interfaces. Technological advancements further reduced the constraints, primarily benefiting the mainstream users. However, the specialized needs of the critical users have always been neglected. This paper delves into the ergonomics of the mouse pointer and the computer mouse, focusing on left-handed computer users as a critical user category to develop and propose a universal design solution to integrate left-handers as a mainstream user category in a computer interface.
An integrated survey-simulation approach for exoskeleton performance estimation
Authors: Becattini Niccolò , Patriarca Luca , Scaccabarozzi Diego , Parenti Paolo , Dal Prete Andrea , Gandolla Marta
Published: May 2024

The paper presents a hybrid user-centred/simulation approach to populate the design specification. It presents an application in the field of exoskeleton design, with the final goal to support workers to carry out their professional tasks. More than 100 professionals (mostly health workers) participated in the survey. The qualitative requirements were extracted are then tested in simulation environments. The approach proved to generate meaningful results for product concept generation. Beyond the expectations, the simulation also showed more adequate product architectures.
Research story telling: using the research journey map to communicate information, data, systems, and artifacts
Authors: Cagan Jonathan
Published: May 2024

The Research Journey Map is introduced to guide researchers on creating engaging, meaningful and impactful presentations and publications. Built on the foundational work of the Hero's Journey by Joseph Campbell, this template helps technical researchers communicate information, data, systems and artifacts that result from research so that audiences grasp and embrace the research findings.
Service centric design methodology for integrated robot-infrastructure systems
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Göhlich Dietmar
Published: May 2024

The ongoing development of technology and AI facilitates the emergence of service robots in various application fields. Hence, the development of robot-infrastructure product-service systems (PSS) will become increasingly important. Based on the existing literature we propose a new methodological approach for a joint development of robot and infrastructure in the context of a socio-technical system with various stakeholders. We suggest digital models and physical prototypes to synchronize service and product development. The applicability is demonstrated for autonomous waste management robots.
A proposed framework using systems engineering to design human-centric manufacturing systems for novel products to reduce complexity and risk
Authors: Hagström Malin Hane , Bergsjö Dag
Published: May 2024

The environment for powertrain production system engineers is changing radically. This initial prescriptive study proposes a systems engineering framework based on two previous case studies which are under review for publication concerning design of battery plants. The framework was developed based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 standard using Concept of Operations and Model-Based Systems Engineering in a workshop setting, with a focus on visualisation to understand the practical and emotional needs of the humans in the system. The framework was validated by twelve senior project members.