bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluation of gestational age as a predictor for subsequent preterm birth
Authors: Pereira Elizabeth , Tessema Gizachew , Gissler Mika , Regan Annette K. , Pereira Gavin
Published: January 2021

Background

To evaluate gestational age as a predictor of subsequent preterm birth.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective birth cohort study to evaluate gestational age as a predictor of subsequent preterm birth. Participants were mothers who gave birth to their first two children in Western Australia, 1980–2015 (N = 255,151 mothers). For each week of final gestational age of the first birth, we calculated relative risks (RR) and absolute risks (AR) of subsequent preterm birth defined as final gestational age before 28, 32, 34 and <37 weeks. Risks were unadjusted to preserve risk factor profiles at each week of gestation.

Results

The relative risks of second birth before 28, 32, and 34 weeks’ gestation were all approximately twenty times higher for mothers whose first birth had a gestational age of 22 to 30 weeks compared to those whose first birth was at 40 weeks’ gestation. The absolute risks of second birth before 28, 32, and 34 weeks’ gestation for these mothers had upper confidence limits that were all less than 16.74%. The absolute risk of second birth before 37 weeks was highest at 32.11% (95% CI: 30.27, 34.02) for mothers whose first birth was 22 to 30 weeks’ gestation. For all gestational ages of the first child, the lowest quartile and median gestational age of the second birth were at least 36 weeks and at least 38 weeks, respectively. Sensitivity and positive predictive values were all below 35%.

Conclusion

Relative risks of early subsequent birth increased markedly with decreasing gestational age of the first birth. However, absolute risks of clinically significant preterm birth (<28 weeks, <32 weeks, <34 weeks), sensitivity and positive predictive values remained low. Early gestational age is a strong risk factor but a poor predictor of subsequent preterm birth.
The relationship between released soluble FceRI-alpha and its cell surface density on human basophils
Authors: MacGlashan Donald
Published: January 2021

Background

The IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils results in the secretion of many substances, including the release of FceRI-alpha subunit. This released alpha subunit can bind IgE and it may act as a down-regulator of subsequent IgE-dependent reactions. However, previous studies do not observe loss of the mass of FceRI-alpha associated with the cells, at least not for human basophils. This study was designed to understand the basis for the discordant observations.

Methods

Purified human basophils were stimulated with multiple activating secretagogues and supernatants were examined for histamine and released FceRI-alpha. In addition, cell surface IgE densities (occupied and unoccupied) were measured by flow cytometry and total cellular content of mature and immature FceRI-alpha determined with Western blots.

Results

Released FceRI-alpha, on average, represented 7% of the total surface FceRI before the reaction. The molecular weight of the soluble FceRI-alpha was approximately 54 kD, larger than immature subunit and somewhat smaller than surface subunit. In addition, 1) release ceased long before internalized FceRI-alpha was processed, 2) release was insensitive to Bafilomycin A, 3) release was independent of the starting density of FceRI and 4) release occurred more effectively with non-IgE-dependent stimuli, FMLP or C5a.

Conclusions

There appears to be relatively constant amount of nearly mature FceRI-alpha that is susceptible to secretion events induced by any form of stimulation. The amount, on average, represents about 7% of the mature form of FceRI-alpha.
The prion protein is not required for peripheral nerve de- and remyelination after crush injury
Authors: Henzi Anna , Aguzzi Adriano
Published: January 2021

The cellular prion protein (PrP) is essential to the long-term maintenance of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerves. PrP activates the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor Adgrg6 on Schwann cells and initiates a pro-myelination cascade of molecular signals. Because Adgrg6 is crucial for peripheral myelin development and regeneration after nerve injury, we investigated the role of PrP in peripheral nerve repair. We performed experimental sciatic nerve crush injuries in co-isogenic wild-type and PrP-deficient mice, and examined peripheral nerve repair processes. Generation of repair Schwann cells, macrophage recruitment and remyelination were similar in PrP-deficient and wild-type mice. We conclude that PrP is dispensable for sciatic nerve de- and remyelination after crush injury. Adgrg6 may sustain its function in peripheral nerve repair independently of its activation by PrP.
Determinants of preterm survival in a tertiary hospital in Ghana: A ten-year review
Authors: Agbeno Evans Kofi , Osarfo Joseph , Ashong Joyce , Anane-Fenin Betty , Okai Emmanuel , Ofori Anthony Amanfo , Aliyu Mohammed , Opoku Douglas Aninng , Ken-Amoah Sebastian , Ashong Joycelyn A. , Soltani Hora
Published: January 2021

Background

Prematurity (gestational age <37 completed weeks) accounts for the majority of neonatal deaths worldwide and most of these occur in the low-resource countries. Understanding factors that determine the best chances of preterm survival is imperative in order to enhance the care of neonates and reduce adverse outcomes in such complicated births.

Aim

This was to find out the proportions of preterm babies who survived at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) and the factors which influenced their survival.

Method

This was a retrospective review of data on all the live preterm babies seen at the SCBU of CCTH from 2010 to 2019. Data on 2,254 babies that met the inclusion criteria were extracted. Descriptive statistics were generated and tests of association done with chi-square and multivariable logistic regression.

Outcome

The main outcome measure was the proportion of live preterm neonates who were discharged after SCBU admissions.

Results

The CCTH had a total of 27,320 deliveries from 2010 to 2019. Of these, 1,282 were live preterm births, giving a prevalence of live preterm babies over the ten-year period of 4.7% (1,282/27,320). An increasing trend in prevalence was observed with 2019 recording the highest at 9% (271/3027). Most (48.8%) of the deliveries were vaginal, 39.2% were by caesarean section (CS); the mode of birth for 12% of the women were not documented. The mean gestational age was 31.8 (±2.77) weeks. Of the birth weights documented, <1000g babies accounted for 11.9%, 1000–1499g babies made up 34.8%, while 1500g to 2499g babies accounted for 42.6%. The babies with weights >2500g made up only 3.7%. The average length of hospital stay was 8.3 (±9.88) days. Regarding the main outcome variable, 67.6% were discharged alive, 27.6% died and 4.9% were unaccounted for due to incomplete documentation. Factors which influenced survival were: birth weight (p <0.001); gestational age (p <0.001); mode and place of delivery (p <0.001 for both); APGAR scores at 1st and 5th minutes (p <0.001); and length of stay at the SCBU (p <0.001). No association was found for sex of the baby, maternal age and parity.

Conclusion

This study shows the possibility of achieving good preterm survival rates through the provision of specialised neonatal care, even in resource-constrained countries. This provides an updated benchmark for clinical decision-making and antenatal counselling. It also highlights the problem of inadequate data capture in our part of the world, which needs considerable improvement.
Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 prevention measure among communities in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia based on health belief model: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shewasinad Yehualashet Sisay , Asefa Kokebe Kefelegn , Mekonnen Alemayehu Gonie , Gemeda Belete Negess , Shiferaw Wondimenh Shibabaw , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Bilchut Awraris Hailu , Derseh Behailu Tariku , Mekuria Abinet Dagnaw , Mekonnen Wassie Negash , Meseret Wondesen Asegidew , Tegegnework Sisay Shine , Abosetegn Akine Eshete
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infections and is known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. At present, the disease has been posing a serious threat to the communities, and it is critical to know the communities’ level of adherence on COVID-19 prevention measures. Thus, this study aimed to identify the predictors of adherence to COVID-19 prevention measure among communities in North Shoa zone, Ethiopia by using a health belief model.

Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 683 respondents were interviewed using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were collected by using a mobile-based application called “Google form.” Logistic regression was performed to analyze the data. Estimates were reported in adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a significant association was declared at p-value of less than 0.05.

Result

The overall adherence level of the community towards the recommended safety measures of COVID-19 was 44.1%. Self-efficacy (AOR = 0.23; 95% 0.14, 0.36), perceived benefits (AOR = 0.35; 95% 0.23, 0.56), perceived barriers (AOR = 3.36; 95% 2.23, 5.10), and perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.60; 95% 1.06, 2.39) were important predictors that influenced the adherence of the community to COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Conclusions

In this study, the overall adherence level of the community towards the recommended safety measures of COVID-19 was relatively low. It is vital to consider the communities’ self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 in order to improve the adherence of the community towards the recommended safety measures of COVID-19.
Vintes Meses de Inferno: O meu Reitorado na Universidade de Coimbra (1970-1971)
Authors: Monteiro José de Gouveia
Published: January 2021

Este livro constitui uma revisitação, feita pelo próprio duas décadas mais tarde, do Reitorado de José de Gouveia Monteiro na Universidade de Coimbra (1970-1971). No período final do Estado Novo, um Ministro (Veiga Simão) quis regenerar a Universidade portuguesa; um professor de Medicina (Gouveia Monteiro) foi escolhido para o fazer em Coimbra. Um ano depois da crise de 1969, com as feridas por esta abertas ainda por sarar, num país incandescente feito de esperança e desencanto, um jovem Reitor assumiu a missão impossível de pacificar, despolitizar e reformar a Universidade de Coimbra. É essa aventura extraordinária de vinte meses que estas Memórias evocam. Pela primeira vez e de uma forma rigorosa e amplamente sustentada em documentos da época.
Reflejos de la educación de la niña-adulta en el teatro contemporáneo: Frágil, del Teatro de los Andes (Bolivia)
Authors: Guichot-Muñoz Elena
Published: January 2021

Este artículo parte del análisis de una obra emblemática en la representación de la niña en la dramaturgia contemporánea latinoamericana: Frágil, del Teatro de los Andes (Bolivia). El objetivo es desvelar el paradigma sociocultural reflejado en el lenguaje confesional de la protagonista, en relación con los estudios de identidad femenina. Se realiza un análisis intertextual, examinando los intertextos de la pieza (Paola Masino, Boris Vian), y un análisis semiológico, reconociendo en los diálogos de la protagonista la construcción del género. En el texto se percibe cómo la sensibilidad negada, y la simbología que se atribuye a la transición entre mujer niña y mujer adulta -relacionada con la locura o histeria- nace como consecuencia de una educación castradora. Se descubre la materialización y la abyección atribuida a la condición de mujer (Kristeva, 1967; Butler, 1993), y se erige un discurso marginal: la voz de la niña-adulta que habla del peso de una herencia reprimida.
Natalia Álvarez Méndez y Ana Abello Verano (eds.). Realidades fracturadas. Estéticas de lo insólito en la narrativa en lengua española (1980-2018). Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019.
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Nieves
Published: January 2021

Reseña de Nieves Ruiz Pérez (Universidad de Granada): Natalia Álvarez Méndez y Ana Abello Verano (eds.). Realidades fracturadas. Estéticas de lo insólito en la narrativa en lengua española (1980-2018). Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019. ISBN: 9788498952131
María de los Ángeles Fernández Valle, Carme López Calderón e Inmaculada Rodriguez Moya (eds.). Espacios y muros del barroco iberoamericano; Pinceles y gubias del barroco iberoamericano; Discursos e imágenes del barroco iberoamericano; y Fastos y ceremonias del barroco iberoamericano. Colección Universo Barroco Iberoamericano. Sevilla y Santiago de Compostela: EnRedArs y Andavira, 2019
Authors: Pérez Varela Ana
Published: January 2021

Reseña de Ana Pérez Varela (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela): María de los Ángeles Fernández Valle, Carme López Calderón e Inmaculada Rodríguez Moya (eds.). Espacios y muros del barroco iberoamericano; Pinceles y gubias del barroco iberoamericano; Discursos e imágenes del barroco iberoamericano; y Fastos y ceremonias del barroco iberoamericano. Colección Universo Barroco Iberoamericano. Sevilla y Santiago de Compostela: EnRedArs y Andavira, 2019 (ISBN: 978-84-121445-2-9, 978-84-121445-3-6, 978-84-121445-4-3 y 978-84-121445-5-0).
La llegada de la mujer a la Carrera de San Jerónimo: un balance de las intervenciones de las integrantes de la Asamblea Nacional de Primo de Rivera (1927-1930)
Authors: Benítez Palma Enrique
Published: January 2021

En octubre de 1927 se constituyó la Asamblea Nacional de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera, un órgano político de carácter consultivo que debía elaborar una nueva Constitución española. Dieciséis mujeres formaron parte de la Asamblea durante su período de funcionamiento (hasta el 15 de febrero de 1930), aunque sólo once participaron de manera activa en sus plenos y comisiones. El análisis de sus intervenciones y la realización de un balance de sus logros normativos permiten disponer de más datos para discernir si esta llegada de las primeras mujeres a la sede parlamentaria, pese a no haber sido votadas democráticamente, contribuyó de manera efectiva al avance de los derechos de las mujeres, o si por el contrario formaron parte de un engranaje estratégico de carácter propagandístico y electoralista.
Antecedentes históricos de los cruceros populares: las excursiones marítimas en Cataluña y Baleares (España) en el primer tercio del siglo XX
Authors: Cerchiello Gaetano
Published: January 2021

La industria turística española sentó sus bases en las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Aunque con cierto retraso frente a otros países europeos, España se sumó a una nueva corriente que concebía el turismo como un sector más de la actividad económica. Este artículo analiza de forma descriptiva la evolución del excursionismo marítimo, una de las modalidades turísticas no menos importantes a principios del siglo pasado. Su ámbito geográfico se circunscribe a Cataluña y las Islas Baleares, donde esta práctica alcanzó una gran difusión. Después de un análisis previo sobre los orígenes del turismo marítimo, el ensayo se centra en la organización, desarrollo y propósitos de los viajes, a la vez que tratará de profundizar en su connotación popular. A partir del manejo de fuentes archivísticas y de prensa, principalmente avisos promocionales y crónicas marítimas, se tratará de esclarecer la magnitud, alcance social y las razones estructurales que favorecieron este fenómeno prácticamente ignorado por la historiografía del turismo.
Evaluación del bienestar en los destinos turísticos ¿Cómo aplicar el Índice de Desarrollo Humano? El Caso de Tapijulapa, Pueblo Mágico, Méjico
Authors: Jiménez Jiménez Félix , Muñoz Mazón Ana Isabel , Fuentes Moraleda Laura
Published: January 2021

El objetivo es proponer un método de evaluación del bienestar en los destinos turísticos desde la perspectiva del desarrollo humano, concretado en un Índice de Desarrollo Humano Turístico (IDHT) individual. La visión expresada en un índice de valoración de vida se considera válida y oportuna para estudiar la realidad turística. En la metodología que se aplica y propone la calidad de vida se mide mediante el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). El IDHT se construye con indicadores de ingreso por turismo, educación universal y salud de los prestadores de servicios; tres dimensiones consideradas como principales en el desarrollo humano sin las cuales otras metas de bienestar suelen ser inalcanzables. Permite medir el nivel de vida ideal y muestra los efectos de políticas económicas y sociales del turismo (Rincón y Labarca, 2013: 109, 110). Los resultados para Tapijulapa, Pueblo Mágico, revelan que el turismo genera bienestar humano con nivel medio y alto en el IDHT (0,550 y más de 0,800). Los componentes del IDHT reflejan acceso a ingresos turísticos con nivel medio y alto (0,550 y más de 0,800); la salud es valorada en el nivel alto (0,700 y más de 0,800) y la educación en nivel bajo y medio (Menos de 0,550, hasta 0,799). Indudablemente se deben llevar a cabo acciones para mejorar los índices de bienestar, con atención prioritaria a la educación de los prestadores de servicios.
Értékteremtés e-kereskedelemmel – kitörési lehetőség a recesszió sújtotta magyar kiskereskedelemben? (Value creation of e-commerce – Chance to break out for the recession-hit Hungarian retail sector?)
Authors: Aranyossy Márta , Juhász Péter
Published: January 2021

Kimutatható-e az e-kereskedelem hatása a vállalati teljesítményre a recesszióval küzdő magyar kiskereskedelmi piacon? A hagyományos bolti értékesítés vagy on-line kereskedelem vezet hazánkban jobb pénzügyi teljesítményhez? Ezekre a kérdésekre a magyar IKT (infokommunikációs technológiai) kiskereskedők 187 elemű mintáján igyekeznek a szerzők választ keresni, az adatgyűjtést újszerű módon részben automatizált webpókokra bízva, következtetéseiket pedig elsősorban klaszterelemzési technikákra építve. Megállapítják, hogy bár a legjobb bolti kereskedők többnyire valamivel nagyobb és stabilabb profitrátákkal jellemezhetők a válság éveiben is, a piac megtartása és növelése terén már egyértelműen az e-kereskedők jeleskedtek. Eredményeik szerint az e-kereskedelem hozzásegítheti a kiskereskedőket a munkaerő-hatékonyság növeléséhez is, ám ha gyors rendelkezésre állással vagy alacsony árakkal csábítják vevőiket, akkor a profittöbblet egy részét felőrölheti a magasabb készlettartási igény vagy az árverseny. _____ The study examines whether e-commerce has a significant impact on corporate performance on the Hungarian retail market struggling with the effects of economic downturn. Is it brick-and-mortal retail or e-commerce that leads to a better financial performance? Using the innovative data gathering tools of automotive web crawlers the authors seek answers to these questions on a sample of 187 Hungarian ICT retailers. Based on cluster analysis they conclude that while the best traditional retailers have somewhat higher and more stable profitability ratios even during the years of recession, e-tailers are more successful in retaining and increasing their market share. E-commerce is also associated with higher human resource productivity, but the possible profit surplus originating from this advantage could be jeopardized in the long run as new electronic traders typically attract their customers by shorter service time or lower prices.
que fazem os egressos do programa de pós-graduação em educação ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – PPGEA-FURG
Authors: Krug Luiz Carlos , Kitzmann Dione Iara Silveira
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, analisar, compreender e descrever a atuação dos egressos do PPGEA, utilizando dados coletados no sistema acadêmico da FURG, Plataforma Lattes, Linkedin e outros. Até 2018 foram titulados 343 mestres e 104 doutores. O Setor Público é o principal empregador, absorvendo 66,18% dos mestres e 74,04% dos doutores, enquanto o Setor Privado absorve respectivamente 15,16% e 12,50%. A atuação no Terceiro Setor é inexpressiva. Entre os egressos do mestrado, 75,90% não indicam a Educação Ambiental como tema principal de atuação, o mesmo ocorrendo com 73,12% dos doutores. A reduzida oferta de conteúdos de Ciências Naturais, essencial à compreensão do meio ambiente em sua totalidade, é analisada como uma das causas desse fenômeno.
Räume entwickeln - Heimat gestalten!
Authors: Danielzyk Rainer , Priebs Axel
Published: January 2021

Dieser Beitrag ist aus der Mitwirkung der Autoren im Beirat für Raumentwicklung des deutschen Bundesministeriums des Innern, für Bau und Heimat (BMI) entstanden. Im BMI sind die Aufgaben der Raumordnung und Raumentwicklung in der Abteilung »Heimat« angesiedelt, was der Beirat und die Autoren zum Anlass genommen haben, sich grundsätzlich mit dem Verhältnis von Raumentwicklung und Heimat auseinander zu setzen. Dieses Verhältnis ist auf den ersten Blick ein Spannungsverhältnis, denn »Heimat« hat emotionale und soziokulturelle Bedeutungsgehalte und eine durchaus ambivalente Bedeutungsgeschichte, was nicht unmittelbar zu dem rationalen Selbstverständnis und auf funktionalen Ausgleich bedachten Gestaltungsanspruch der Raumplanung zu »passen« scheint. Ein zweiter Blick zeigt aber, dass sich auch aus der raumplanerischen Perspektive eine Auseinandersetzung mit »Heimat« lohnt, da Raumentwicklung letztlich auch ein Beitrag zur Heimatgestaltung ist. Die Autoren führen näher aus, dass in der gedanklichen Verknüpfung von Raumentwicklung und Heimatgestaltung große Chancen liegen: Heimat ist ein unerlässliches Element sozialen Zusammenhalts und hat in dem im Beitrag skizzierten Verständnis von Stabilität, Vertrautheit und Handlungsfähigkeit keinesfalls rückwärtsgewandte Perspektiven, sondern ist eine Basis für zeitgemäßes Zusammenleben. Planerische Ansätze haben diese Dimensionen der Raumentwicklung, die - wie etwa sozialer Zusammenhalt, Identifikationsfähigkeit, Emotionalität und Ästhetik - mit räumlicher Entwicklung auch verbunden sind, zu lange vernachlässigt. Insofern kann die Perspektive der Heimatgestaltung das Selbstverständnis von Raumordnung und Raumentwicklung erweitern und bereichern.
Cover crops, lime and gypsum influence on soil physical attributes
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Pacola , Roque Cassiano Garcia , Piati Gabriel Luis , Alvarez Rita de Cassia Felix , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camilo de , Campos Cid Naudi  Silva , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Cover crops promote nutrient cycling, and lime and gypsum can alter the soil physical attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum rates applied to a no-tillage system with addition of residues of three cover crops on the soil physical attributes. This experiment was carried out in chapadão do sul-ms. The treatments were comprised of three cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis, fallow, and Pennisetum glaucum), with gypsum (0, 2.3 and 4.6 Mg ha-1) and lime applied at a dose of 0, 2, 4, 6 Mg ha-1).The attributes evaluated were: soil density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and penetration resistance. The soil of the experiment was classified an Oxisol.  Cover crops and lime and gypsum improved macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity at all depths, 0-0.2 m. Millet presented lower values for penetration resistance with the lime application and without gypsum application. No residual effect on soil density was detected for lime and gypsum application or cover crops in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. Brazilian Cerrado producers will have a well-defined management system to follow aiming at improving the soil physical attributes.
Characterization and plasticity of wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells of goat
Authors: Neves Gustavo Cardoso da Silva , Argôlo Neto Napoleão Martins , Ferraz Maíra Soares , Da Costa Clautina Ribeiro de Moraes , Da Rocha Andressa Rêgo , Rodrigues Huanna Waleska Soares , Nunes Felipe de Carvalho , De Carvalho Camila Ernanda Sousa , Cavalcante Filho Miguel Ferreira , De Menezes Danilo José Ayres , De Carvalho Maria Acelina Martins
Published: January 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), obtained from several anatomical sites, have already been described, characterized and used in therapeutic models for tissue repair. The umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, represented by cells from arteries and veins walls, as well as Wharton's jelly are easy to be obtained, highly available, require no invasive procedure, do not present risk to donors and do not present ethical limitation. The aim of this research was to analyze the plasticity of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) of goat, evaluating their behavior in vitro and characterizing them immunophenotypically. Thus, tests were performed on colony forming units, viability and cell growth curve, flow cytometry analysis and plasticity potential. Goat umbilical cord matrix cells exhibited fibroblastoid morphology with colony formation and self-renewal ability, always maintaining their undifferentiated state up to the eighth passage (P8). The growth curve kinetics exhibited the LAG, LOG, and DECAY phases, without displaying a PLATEAU phase. The plasticity assay demonstrated positive differentiation for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lines, characterized by the synthesis of intracytoplasmic granules or extracellular matrix with the presence of calcium, lipids and proteoglycans. Flow cytometry demonstrated the expression of CD90 and CD105; absence of CD14 expression.  It is concluded that the cell population isolated from the Wharton's  jelly of goat constitutes a representative sample of mesenchymal stem cells, with great possibilities in the field of regenerative and reproductive medicine.
Publicações de artistas
Authors: Rauscher Beatriz , Freitas Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Visando ampliar o debate acerca das publicações de artista, este artigo apresenta reflexões e aproximações a partir do conjunto de textos reunidos na edição do “Dossiê Publicações de artista: abordagens”, do segundo número da Revista Estado da Arte (2020). A argumentação se dá na perspectiva da pluralidade de abordagens dessas modalidades que tensionam tanto o sistema da arte, com seus agentes e a crítica institucional, quanto os diversos modos de ser dessas obras e seus espaços de circulação, demarcados por relações sociais e políticas no contexto contemporâneo da arte.
Intercultural musical dialogue in St John Passion by Sofia Gubaidulina
Authors: Stochniol Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Sofia Gubaidulina is one of the most important composers living today. Among her many works acknowledged and awarded prizes on the international forum, the diptych St John Passion and St John Easter [The Resurrection of Christ according to St John], the opus magnum of that outstanding Russian composer, occupies a special place. This work focuses the most important features of her music, such as a profound theological message based on a compilation of fragments from the Old Testament, Gospels and the Apocalypse of St John, as well as her musical rootedness in the cultural tradition of the churches of both East and West. Gubaidulina adapts the achievements of the artistic avant-garde in new and original ways, while at the same time she is an ardent champion of traditional universal values grounded in the message of the Bible and Christian cultural tradition. This paper presents St John Passion by Sofia Gubaidulina in the context of its theological and intercultural dialogue, as well as attempting to characterise the phenomenon represented by this composer, who raises anew reflection on the fate of humankind in the context of existential questions, while remaining faithful to the idea of high art, exquisite and open to various understandings of the idea of beauty.
Nabywanie udziałów i akcji przez cudzoziemców w spółkach będących właścicielami nieruchomości rolnych
Authors: Łobos-Kotowska Dorota
Published: January 2021

The subject of this article is restrictions on the acquisition by foreigners of shares in companies that are owners (perpetual usufructuaries) of agricultural real estate under the Polish legal system. Poland, similarly to some other EU Member States, has restricted the freedom to trade in real estate and introduced control over this trade through the use of instruments from the private as well as public law sphere. The degree of interference by the Polish legislator in trading in shares of commercial companies has been assessed basing on the Act on the acquisition of real estate by foreigners and the Act on the shaping of the agricultural system.
Exports and the economic performance of large state-owned enterprises in Poland: evidence from firm-level data
Authors: Szarzec Katarzyna , Nowara Wanda , Olejnik Iwona
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between exports and economic performance, and the extent of state ownership in the largest non-financial enterprises in Poland in 2011–2015. We address the following research questions: (i) What is the share of export companies in the group of the largest non-financial enterprises in Poland in terms of ownership structure (stateowned and privately-owned companies) and sectors? (ii) Are there differences in the economic performance of exporting companies compared to their non-exporting counterparts? Among the largest exporters, state-owned companies and companies from the manufacturing and mining sectors still dominate. Exporting state-owned enterprises have higher productivity than non-exporters, which could be caused by their dominant position on the domestic oligopolistic market. Exporting private-owned companies performed better in the case of ROA and ROE than exporting SOEs. This could be explained by the fact that private companies have a higher efficiency of property management and are expected to pay dividends by their shareholders.
Wpływ organów administracji wymiaru sprawiedliwości na postępowanie dyscyplinarne w sądownictwie administracyjnym
Authors: Skoczylas Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy wpływu organów administracji wymiaru sprawiedliwości na postępowanie dyscyplinarne sędziów sądów administracyjnych. Problem ten ma kluczowe znaczenie w zakresie badań nad nadzorem administracyjnym nad sądami i sędziami postępowaniem. W tym zakresie najistotniejsze znaczenie ma ochrona niezawisłości sędziowskiej. W artykule omawia się problem wpływu Prezesa NSA, prezesów sądów I instancji oraz Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa na postępowanie dyscyplinarne sędziów sądów administracyjnych i asesorów sądowych. Zwraca się uwagę na wady i zalety obowiązujących rozwiązań prawnych. Należy przy tym podkreślić, że w sądach administracyjnych funkcjonuje odmienna od sądownictwa podległego nadzorowi judykacyjnemu SN, struktura sądownictwa dyscyplinarnego. Sądem dyscyplinarnym w sprawach dyscyplinarnych sędziów sądów administracyjnych i asesorów sądowych jest Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny. W artykule omawia się najistotniejsze cechy tego rozwiązania, zwłaszcza zalety braku istotnego wpływu Ministra Sprawiedliwości na to postępowanie.
Konstytucyjne ramy kadencyjności organów władzy publicznej
Authors: Łukowiak Dominik
Published: January 2021

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół problematyki zasady kadencyjności, uznawanej za fundament funkcjonowania organów władzy publicznej w państwie demokratycznym. Punktem wyjścia bardziej szczegółowych rozważań jest obserwacja, że na treść zasady kadencyjności składają się dwa podstawowe elementy: temporalny (polegający na wyznaczeniu maksymalnego okresu wykonywania funkcji publicznej przez piastuna lub członka organu) oraz stabilizacyjny (gwarantujący minimalną trwałość obsady personalnej w okresie trwania kadencji). Z całokształtu przepisów Konstytucji tworzących ramy organizacyjne konstytucyjnych organów władzy publicznej autor wyprowadza tezę o obligatoryjnie kadencyjnym statusie każdego organu, chyba że istnieje wyraźna podstawa prawna uzasadniająca twierdzenie przeciwne. Nie oznacza to jednak, że konstytucyjne regulacje dotyczące kadencji poszczególnych organów lub ich piastunów ukształtowane zostały według jednolitego schematu. Przeciwnie, na gruncie Konstytucji można wyróżnić różne typy kadencji. Analizując konkretne modele kadencyjności, autor podaje praktyczne przykłady konkretnych rozwiązań oraz wskazuje konsekwencje wynikające z ich zastosowania. W konkluzji prezentowany jest pogląd, że zasada kadencyjności jest konstrukcją ustrojową służącą zagwarantowaniu organom pewnej dozy swobody lub niezależności w wykonywaniu przypisanych im kompetencji.
Some properties of the Hermite polynomials
Authors: Qi Feng , Guo Bai-Ni
Published: January 2021

In this paper, by the Faà di Bruno formula and properties of Bell polynomials of the second kind, the authors reconsider the generating functions of Hermite polynomials and their squares, find an explicit formula for higher-order derivatives of the generating function of Hermite polynomials, and derive explicit formulas and recurrence relations for Hermite polynomials and their squares.
In defense of decentralized research data management
Authors: Hanke Michael , Pestilli Franco , Wagner Adina S. , Markiewicz Christopher J. , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Halchenko Yaroslav O.
Published: January 2021

Decentralized research data management (dRDM) systems handle digital research objects across participating nodes without critically relying on central services. We present four perspectives in defense of dRDM, illustrating that, in contrast to centralized or federated research data management solutions, a dRDM system based on heterogeneous but interoperable components can offer a sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and adaptive infrastructure for scientific stakeholders: An individual scientist or laboratory, a research institute, a domain data archive or cloud computing platform, and a collaborative multisite consortium. All perspectives share the use of a common, self-contained, portable data structure as an abstraction from current technology and service choices. In conjunction, the four perspectives review how varying requirements of independent scientific stakeholders can be addressed by a scalable, uniform dRDM solution and present a working system as an exemplary implementation.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid for targeted release Cis-Pt to glioblastoma cells
Authors: Ortiz-Islas Emma , Sosa-Arróniz Anahí , Manríquez-Ramírez Ma Elena , Rodríguez-Pérez C. Ekaterina , Tzompantzi Francisco , Padilla Juan Manuel
Published: January 2021

This work reports the preparation, characterization, and a drug release study of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MNPSiO2) functionalized with folic acid (FA) and loaded with Cis-Pt as a targeted release system to kill glioblastoma cancer cells. The MNPSiO2 were synthesized by the Stöber method using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as the templating agent, which was finally removed by calcination at 550°C. The folic acid was chemically anchored to the silica nanoparticles surface by a carbodiimide reaction. Several physicochemical techniques were used for the MNPSiO2 characterization, and a triplicate in vitro Cis-Pt release test was carried out. The release Cis-Pt experimental values were fitted to different theoretical models to find the Cis-Pt release mechanism. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the MNPSiO2 was performed using LN 18 cells (human GBM cells). Homogeneous and well-defined nanoparticles with well-distributed and homogeneous porosity were obtained. The spectroscopic results show the proper functionalization of the mesoporous nanoparticles; besides, MNPSiO2 showed high surface area and large pore size. High correlation coefficients were obtained. Though the best fitted was the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model, the Higuchi model adjusted better to the results obtained for our system. The MNPSiO2-FA were highly biocompatible, and they increased the cytotoxic effect of Cis-Pt loaded in them.
Glaubensüberzeugungen von Fachpersonen aus dem Gesundheitswesen – Ein integrativer Review zum internationalen Forschungsstand
Authors: Hefti René , Albisser Judith
Published: January 2021

Vorliegender integrativer Review gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den internationalen Forschungsstand zum Thema „Health professionals’ beliefs“ unter Einbezug quantitativer und qualitativer Studien. Er untersucht die Glaubensüberzeugungen von Fachpersonen aus dem Gesundheitswesen, ihren Einfluss auf die berufliche Praxis und das Verständnis des Zusammenhanges von Glauben und Gesundheit. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Google Scholar, PubMed und PsycINFO, ergab 32 Studien, die die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten und die spezifischen Fragestellungen aufgriffen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Relevanz von Glaubensüberzeugungen bei Gesundheitsfachpersonen und ihren Einfluss auf die berufliche Praxis. Die konkrete Umsetzung im beruflichen Alltag ist aber unterschiedlich ausgeprägt und bedarf eines weiteren Diskurses. Dabei müssen die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen in den Gesundheitseinrichtungen wie auch geeignete Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildungsangebote thematisiert werden.
Color Tuning of Face-Selective Neurons in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Duyck Marianne , Chang Audrey L. Y. , Gruen Tessa J. , Tello Lawrence Y. , Eastman Serena , Fuller-Deets Joshua , Conway Bevil R.
Published: January 2021

What role does color play in the neural representation of complex shapes? We approached the question by measuring color responses of face-selective neurons, using fMRI-guided microelectrode recording of the middle and anterior face patches of inferior temporal cortex (IT) in rhesus macaques. Face-selective cells responded weakly to pure color (equiluminant) photographs of faces. But many of the cells nonetheless showed a bias for warm colors when assessed using images that preserved the luminance contrast relationships of the original photographs. This bias was also found for non-face-selective neurons. Fourier analysis uncovered two components: the first harmonic, accounting for most of the tuning, was biased toward reddish colors, corresponding to the L>M pole of the L-M cardinal axis. The second harmonic showed a bias for modulation between blue and yellow colors axis, corresponding to the S-cone axis. To test what role face-selective cells play in behavior, we related the information content of the neural population with the distribution of face colors. The analyses show that face-selective cells are not optimally tuned to discriminate face colors, but are consistent with the idea that face-selective cells contribute selectively to processing the green-red contrast of faces. The research supports the hypothesis that color-specific information related to the discrimination of objects, including faces, is handled by neural circuits that are independent of shape-selective cortex, as captured by the multistage parallel processing framework of IT (Lafer-Sousa and Conway, 2013).
TRPM3 Channels Play Roles in Heat Hypersensitivity and Spontaneous Pain after Nerve Injury
Authors: Su Songxue , Yudin Yevgen , Kim Nawoo , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Rohacs Tibor
Published: January 2021

Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a heat-activated ion channel in primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Pharmacological and genetic studies implicated TRPM3 in various pain modalities, but TRPM3 inhibitors were not validated in TRPM3−/−mice. Here we tested two inhibitors of TRPM3 in male and female wild-type and TRPM3−/−mice in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. We found that intraperitoneal injection of either isosakuranetin or primidone reduced heat hypersensitivity induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in wild-type, but not in TRPM3−/−mice. Primidone was also effective when injected locally in the hindpaw or intrathecally. Consistently, intrathecal injection of the TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 reduced paw withdrawal latency to radiant heat in wild-type, but not in TRPM3−/−mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg, but not 0.5 mg/kg isosakuranetin, inhibited cold and mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI, both in wild-type and TRPM3−/−mice, indicating a dose-dependent off-target effect. Primidone had no effect on cold sensitivity, and only a marginal effect on mechanical hypersensitivity. Genetic deletion or inhibitors of TRPM3 reduced the increase in the levels of the early genes c-Fos and pERK in the spinal cord and DRGs in CCI mice, suggesting spontaneous activity of the channel. Intraperitoneal isosakuranetin also inhibited spontaneous pain related behavior in CCI in the conditioned place preference assay, and this effect was eliminated in TRPM3−/−mice. Overall, our data indicate a role of TRPM3 in heat hypersensitivity and in spontaneous pain after nerve injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropathic pain is a major unsolved medical problem. The heat-activated TRPM3 ion channel is a potential target for novel pain medications, but the pain modalities in which it plays a role are not clear. Here we used a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools to assess the role of this channel in spontaneous pain, heat, cold, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in mice. Our findings indicate a role for TRPM3 in heat hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain, but not in cold and mechanical hypersensitivity. We also find that not only TRPM3 located in the peripheral nerve termini, but also TRPM3 in the spinal cord or proximal segments of DRG neurons are important for heat hypersensitivity.
Brief Sensory Deprivation Triggers Cell Type-Specific Structural and Functional Plasticity in Olfactory Bulb Neurons
Authors: Galliano Elisa , Hahn Christiane , Browne Lorcan P. , R. Villamayor Paula , Tufo Candida , Crespo Andres , Grubb Matthew S.
Published: January 2021

Can alterations in experience trigger different plastic modifications in neuronal structure and function, and if so, how do they integrate at the cellular level? To address this question, we interrogated circuitry in the mouse olfactory bulb responsible for the earliest steps in odor processing. We induced experience-dependent plasticity in mice of either sex by blocking one nostril for one day, a minimally invasive manipulation that leaves the sensory organ undamaged and is akin to the natural transient blockage suffered during common mild rhinal infections. We found that such brief sensory deprivation produced structural and functional plasticity in one highly specialized bulbar cell type: axon-bearing dopaminergic neurons in the glomerular layer. After 24 h naris occlusion, the axon initial segment (AIS) in bulbar dopaminergic neurons became significantly shorter, a structural modification that was also associated with a decrease in intrinsic excitability. These effects were specific to the AIS-positive dopaminergic subpopulation because no experience-dependent alterations in intrinsic excitability were observed in AIS-negative dopaminergic cells. Moreover, 24 h naris occlusion produced no structural changes at the AIS of bulbar excitatory neurons, mitral/tufted and external tufted cells, nor did it alter their intrinsic excitability. By targeting excitability in one specialized dopaminergic subpopulation, experience-dependent plasticity in early olfactory networks might act to fine-tune sensory processing in the face of continually fluctuating inputs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory networks need to be plastic so they can adapt to changes in incoming stimuli. To see how cells in mouse olfactory circuits can change in response to sensory challenges, we blocked a nostril for just one day, a naturally relevant manipulation akin to the deprivation that occurs with a mild cold. We found that this brief deprivation induces forms of axonal and intrinsic functional plasticity in one specific olfactory bulb cell subtype: axon-bearing dopaminergic interneurons. In contrast, intrinsic properties of axon-lacking bulbar dopaminergic neurons and neighboring excitatory neurons remained unchanged. Within the same sensory circuits, specific cell types can therefore make distinct plastic changes in response to an ever-changing external landscape.
α-Synuclein Oligomers Induce Glutamate Release from Astrocytes and Excessive Extrasynaptic NMDAR Activity in Neurons, Thus Contributing to Synapse Loss
Authors: Trudler Dorit , Sanz-Blasco Sara , Eisele Yvonne S. , Ghatak Swagata , Bodhinathan Karthik , Akhtar Mohd Waseem , Lynch William P. , Piña-Crespo Juan C. , Talantova Maria , Kelly Jeffery W. , Lipton Stuart A.
Published: January 2021

Synaptic and neuronal loss are major neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Misfolded protein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies, comprised mainly of α-synuclein (αSyn), are associated with disease progression, and have also been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. However, the effects of αSyn and its mechanism of synaptic damage remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that αSyn oligomers induce Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate from astrocytes obtained from male and female mice, and that mice overexpressing αSyn manifest increased tonic release of glutamatein vivo. In turn, this extracellular glutamate activates glutamate receptors, including extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs), on neurons both in culture and in hippocampal slices of αSyn-overexpressing mice. Additionally, in patch-clamp recording from outside-out patches, we found that oligomerized αSyn can directly activate eNMDARs. In organotypic slices, oligomeric αSyn induces eNMDAR-mediated synaptic loss, which can be reversed by the drug NitroSynapsin. When we expose human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebrocortical neurons to αSyn, we find similar effects. Importantly, the improved NMDAR antagonist NitroSynapsin, which selectively inhibits extrasynaptic over physiological synaptic NMDAR activity, protects synapses from oligomeric αSyn-induced damage in our model systems, thus meriting further study for its therapeutic potential.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoss of synaptic function and ensuing neuronal loss are associated with disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. α-Synuclein (αSyn) misfolds in PD/LBD, forming Lewy bodies and contributing to disease pathogenesis. Here, we found that misfolded/oligomeric αSyn releases excessive astrocytic glutamate, in turn activating neuronal extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), thereby contributing to synaptic damage. Additionally, αSyn oligomers directly activate eNMDARs, further contributing to damage. While the FDA-approved drug memantine has been reported to offer some benefit in PD/LBD (Hershey and Coleman-Jackson, 2019), we find that the improved eNMDAR antagonist NitroSynapsin ameliorates αSyn-induced synaptic spine loss, providing potential disease-modifying intervention in PD/LBD.