bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBATASAN PERKEMBANGAN PERMUKIMAN KAWASAN PINGGIRAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PERKEMBANGAN KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Pigawati Bitta , Yuliastuti Nany , Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari
Published: January 2018

The need to settle is a basic need of people that must be fulfilled. The weakness of law enforcement and public awareness on the spatial planning implicate the emergence of settlement areas in various locations that are less suitable for its allocation. The settlements in Semarang are growing very fast and tending to be unfocused. The increase of built area especially in residential areas indicates reduced of green open space and the catchment area. This phenomenon begins to appear in the outskirts of Semarang. This study aims to examine the development of settlements that occurred during the period of 10 years in the outskirts of the city of Semarang. It includes 10 districts, further, this study used descriptive quantitative and spatial analysis. The results showed that the completeness of the factor is the most influential factor on the development of settlements. Settlements tend to develop regularly with a regular pattern. The residential development areas also occur in the catchment area and in locations that are not suitable for allotment, so that limitation efforts should be made on the development of settlements. There are still some locations that are possible for the construction of settlements in the outskirts of Semarang. The government needs to follow up this issue by providing information to the community, so that the development of settlement is in accordance with the direction of urban development
Full Access to Cultural Spaces (FACS): Mapping and evaluating museum access services using mobile eye-tracking technology
Authors: Raffi Francesca
Published: January 2018

The present paper aims to present significant results stemming from the FACS (Full Access to Cultural Spaces) project, launched in 2014 by the University of Macerata and concluded in 2016. In particular, this paper reports on stages one and two of the FACS project which aimed first to explore the state of the art of universal access services across a large variety of museums in Italy and nine other EU countries. Based on the first stage, an analysis of some of the most significant data obtained from a questionnaire sent out to over 1,200 European museums will be presented, with a special focus on multilingual devices and access services for the sensory impaired. The first stage was followed by an eye-tracking study on an Italian museum, Turin’s Museo Nazionale del Cinema (National Cinema Museum), aimed at evaluating visitors’ experience, attitudes and patterns of fruition through a test with a portable eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2, 50 Hz). Based on this second stage, the fruition of information panels by museum visitors at the Museo Nazionale del Cinema will be explored, specifically focusing on reading patterns and behaviours.
“Philip Marlowe in drag?” – The construct of the hard-boiled detective in feminist appropriation and translation
Authors: Seago Karen
Published: January 2018

Hard-nosed female investigators Sara Lund and Saga Norén from the extraordinarily successful Scandinavian TV crime series The Killing and The Bridge are the latest examples of female hard-boiled detectives - dysfunctional loners who solve crimes where no one else succeeds. This article looks at the character construct of the hard-boiled male detective, maps these tropes against social expectations of gender norms and then considers how Sara Paretsky constructs an explicitly feminist “tough guy” private eye in V.I. Warshawski. It then analyses how Paretsky’s negotiation and partial subversion of the tropes of the hard-boiled genre are handled in translation, drawing on the German translation of Indemnity Only.
Damage caused by the small red-belted clearwing borer (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen) in cultivars grafted on different types of rootstocks
Authors: Némethné Major Barbara , Ledóné Ábrahám Rita , Enzsöl Erzsébet , Jenser Gábor
Published: January 2018

Considerable damage caused by the red-belted clearwing was observed in the biologically controlled apple orchard. In all cases, the larvae were found in the tumourlike tissue proliferations developing at the grafting point of the rootstock (M9) and scion, while no larva was found in crowns and cut surfaces. Samplings involving different cultivars were implemented in two apple orchards; in Bősárkány, where trees are grafted on M9 rootstocks and tumours were found at grafting points, and in Mosonmagyaróvár, where trees are grafted on M26 rootstocks and no proliferations were found at graft unions. During the aforementioned samplings, the numbers of larvae living in the tissue proliferations were counted, the sizes of tumours were measured, and the flight dynamic of adult clearwings was investigated. Research results reveal that damage caused by the clearwing larvae was only observed in trunks with tumour-like disorders (Bősárkány), where feeding larvae were found in 15.3% of the examined trunks in cultivar Royal Gala, 4.6% in Idared, 2.6% in Jonagold, and 1.3% in Florina. We investigated whether there is a correlation between the size of tumours and the degree of damage. The highest rate of proliferations was found on cultivar Florina, where only a minimum degree of damage was experienced. The lowest rate of proliferations was observed on cultivar Gala, which suffered the highest degree of damage done by clearwing larvae.

According to sex-pheromone trap catches, the flight period of male clearwings occurred simultaneously in both studied orchards from mid-May to mid-August. On the basis of scent trap catch results, however, it has to be highlighted that females were only present at the Bősárkány research site.

It is assumed that the absence of females in the Mosonmagyaróvár orchard can be attributed to the fact that they did not find such suitable oviposition sites as tissue proliferations. Hence, egg-laying and damage caused by the larvae did not happen there either.
Honey-bee production practices and hive technology preferences in Jimma and Illubabor Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Kiros Welay , Tsegay Tekleberhan
Published: January 2018

The study was conducted in two purposefully selected zones of Oromiya Regional State, namely Jimma and Illubabor. The objective of the study was to analyse the honey-bee production and to assess hive technology preferences in the study area. A total of 156 beekeepers were randomly and proportionately selected from four districts (Mana and Gomma from Jimma and Bacho and Yayo from Illubabor). Data were collected through formal survey and secondary sources. Accordingly, the average age of the beekeepers was 40.2 ± 8.13 years with an average of 13.5 ± 6.58 years of experience. The majority of the respondents (53.2%) in the study area got their colonies by catching swarms. Three hive types (traditional, transitional, and frame hive) were found in the study area. More than 70% of the respondents harvested once a year from traditional hives, while 25% of respondents harvested up to three times per year from frame hives. Moreover, an average of 22 ± 4.6 and 16 ± 4.1 kg of honey were harvested from frame and transitional hives per year, respectively. Compared to these two hives, a much lower (7 ± 1.6 kg) amount of honey was harvested from traditional hives. Various honey-bee floras were identified in the study area. Plants such as Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus, and Schefflera sp. produce white honey. Half of the respondents’ preferred transitional hive followed by frame hive (37.2%). Factors which affect the use of frame hives were lack of equipment (36.5%) followed by wax quality and availability problems (34%). That is why few beekeepers tried to modify the frame hive to solve the problems of wax in vertical frame hive. In order to adopt and sustain modern hive technology, the focus should be on honey-bee equipment as well as wax quality and availability.
Genetic diversity study of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenc) genotypes, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Kassahun
Published: January 2018

Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops around the world, particularly in Africa, highly cultivated for dietary staple. For this reason, a good knowledge and usage of this genetic resource in sorghum accessions is highly vital for improving crop quality. Analysis of genetic variability among the accessions will enable accurate results in breeding. The research design used was augmented design, which is common in many gene banks. This research finding would be used later by plant breeders to select best performers for further evaluation of the crop and obtain a new variety of sorghum.
Phenotypic characterization of Ethiopian finger millet accessions (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn), for their agronomically important traits
Authors: Tesfaye Kassahun , Mengistu Solomon
Published: January 2018

Cereal finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) is one of the most promising vital crops of Asia and Africa in the face of climate change. It has a capacity to adapt to extreme environmental conditions and can be grown under a wide range of wider agroecology. It is believed to be originated in the highlands of Ethiopia and then disseminated across the globe. It is mainly cultivated as dietary staple food for humans, animal feeds and also used as medicinal crop. Though finger millet is recognized as the most important staple crop, particularly for the poor people in dry and semidry areas, it has been neglected and given little concern in mainstreaming the crop for its improvement research.
The short- and long-term effects of changes of vegetation structure on isopod (Oniscidea) diversity and composition in Mátra Mountains
Authors: Vona-Túri Diána , Szmatona-Túri Tünde
Published: January 2018

The aim of the present study was to examine the short- and long-term effects of changes in vegetation structure caused by shrub removal and mowing on isopod diversity and composition in Natura 2000 habitats of Mátra Landscape Protection Area. Species richness and isopod diversity increased in the short term as a result of annual changes in vegetation; however, the values of both indices were reduced in the long term. The changes in vegetation structure on a regional scale led to a reduced isopod diversity in the short and long term. The changes in vegetation structure caused alterations in community structure in the long term. We conclude that changes of vegetation structure have a negative effect on species richness and the diversity of isopod communities in the long term.
The issues of urban green space in Baia Mare based on tree composition
Authors: Henning Anna Imola
Published: January 2018

Harmonious urbanization entails the creation of new green spaces and the rehabilitation of existing ones. Green spaces are not just spaces of psychic well-being but also social interaction sites. Present-day practice in redesign requires taking into consideration the ones using the spaces, in our case, the needs of urban residents, since space needs to have a crucial role in building and maintaining communities. This paper aims at drawing attention to conflicts regarding use mainly due to improper design and use of plant material and, in addition to the importance of green spaces, the need for quality green spaces.
Optimal Reimbursement Policy in Health Care: Competition, Ownership Structure and Quality Provision
Authors: Stenbacka Rune , Tombak Mihkel
Published: January 2018

We analytically characterize the effects of ownership and competition in the healthcare industry on quality provision, market coverage and optimal reimbursement policy. A for-profit monopoly selects a lower quality than a nonprofit supplier, and the socially optimal reimbursement rate with a nonprofit monopoly exceeds that with a for-profit monopoly. We establish that the optimal repayment policy is invariant to the introduction of competition by a for-profit high-quality supplier. Thus, market coverage is invariant to the introduction of competition, whereas consumers with a higher willingness to pay for quality are better off with competition.
Childcare policy in the Czech Republic and Norway: two countries, two paths with many possibilities
Authors: Horák Pavel , Horáková Markéta
Published: January 2018

The objective of this paper is to analyse and compare the design and governance of the contemporary childcare policy in the Czech Republic and Norway in relation to the situation of households with dependent children under school age. Following this, we review certain provisions of the childcare policies of the two countries, whose systems possessed certain similarities at the beginning of the 1990s, although they represent distinct types of welfare state. Our analysis reveals that the chief differences in childcare policy have persisted and adapted to the key features of the welfare regimes. The two countries’ central childcare policy values contrast with each other (equity and free choice in Norway vs. re-familisation and strong ‘family dependency’ among individuals in the Czech Republic) and exhibit differences in the structure and extent of policy measures, as well. Policies in both are less sensitive to the needs of children with specific needs (such as migrants in Norway or Roma children in the Czech Republic).
Quantitative Investigation of Roasting-magnetic Separation for Hematite Oolitic-ores: Mechanisms and Industrial Application
Authors: Peng Tiefeng , Xu Longhua , Luo Liqun
Published: January 2018

Natural high-quality iron can be directly applied to pyro-metallurgy process, however, the availability of these ores has become less and less due to exploitation. This research reports a systematic approach using reduction roasting and magnetic separation for oolitic iron ores from west Hubei Province. Firstly, a mineralogical study was performed and it was shown that the oolitic particles were mainly composed of hematite, with some silicon-quartz inside the oolitic particle. Then, the roasting temperature was examined and shown to have significant influence on both Fe recovery and the Fe content of the concentrate. Also the Fe content gradually increased as the temperature increased from 700 to 850 °C. The most important aspects are the quantitative investigation of change of mineral phases, and reduction area (with ratio) during the reduction roasting process. The results showed that Fe2O3decreased with temperature, and Fe3O4(magnetite) increased considerably from 600 to 800°C. The reductive reaction was found to occur from the outside in, the original oolitic structure and embedding relationship among the minerals did not change after roasting. Finally, 5% surrounding rock was added to mimic real industrial iron beneficiation. This study could provides useful insight and practical support for the utilization of such iron ores.
Photobleaching characteristics of α-(8-quinolinoxy) zinc phthalocyanine, a new type of amphipathic complex
Authors: Liu Han-Qing , Wang Ying-Ming , Li Wan-Fang , Li Chao , Jiang Zhi-Huan , Bao Jie , Wei Jin-Feng , Jin Hong-Tao , Wang Ai-Ping
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to reveal the photobleaching characteristics of α-(8-quinolinoxy) zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-F7), a new type of amphiphilic complex. Normal saline (NS), pure Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium (1640), RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, and cell suspension were used as solvents to study the photobleaching of ZnPc-F7 in different solutions. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra were measured. Photobleaching kinetics were observed after irradiation for 3–180 min with ZnPc-F7 concentrations of 1–40.00μg/mL. Anin vivoimaging system was used to observe the distribution and photobleaching of ZnPc-F7 in mice. ZnPc-F7 was bleached bothin vitroandin vivoafter exposure to laser energy at 670 nm. ZnPc-F7 was not bleached without irradiation. ‘The type of solvent, irradiation time, and initial concentration influenced the photobleaching rate. Rapid initial phases followed by a slower rate of photobleaching were observed in all four solutions. Fluorescence of ZnPc-F7 in mouse skin was steady and then increased 24 h after injection. There was no significant difference in the extent of fluorescence between normal and psoriasis-like mice. Local administration of ZnPc-F7 showed higher fluorescence intensity in skin at an early time than intravenous injection and lower content in organs after 24 h.
Convolution of second order linear recursive sequences II.
Authors: Szakács Tamás
Published: January 2018

We continue the investigation of convolutions of second order linear recursive sequences (see the first part in [1]). In this paper, we focus on the case when the characteristic polynomials of the sequences have common root.
The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine
Authors: Kryżar Sławomir
Published: January 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.
A Computer Program for Practical Semivariogram Modeling and Ordinary Kriging: A Case Study of Porosity Distribution in an Oil Field
Authors: Mert Bayram Ali , Dag Ahmet
Published: January 2018

In this study, firstly, a practical and educational geostatistical program (JeoStat) was developed, and then example analysis of porosity parameter distribution, using oilfield data, was presented.

With this program, two or three-dimensional variogram analysis can be performed by using normal, log-normal or indicator transformed data. In these analyses, JeoStat offers seven commonly used theoretical variogram models (Spherical, Gaussian, Exponential, Linear, Generalized Linear, Hole Effect and Paddington Mix) to the users. These theoretical models can be easily and quickly fitted to experimental models using a mouse. JeoStat uses ordinary kriging interpolation technique for computation of point or block estimate, and also uses cross-validation test techniques for validation of the fitted theoretical model. All the results obtained by the analysis as well as all the graphics such as histogram, variogram and kriging estimation maps can be saved to the hard drive, including digitised graphics and maps. As such, the numerical values of any point in the map can be monitored using a mouse and text boxes. This program is available to students, researchers, consultants and corporations of any size free of charge. The JeoStat software package and source codes available at:
Water Dynamics and Physicochemical Analysis of Two Different Varieties of Apple Jam (Fuji) and (Yinduqing) by LF- NMR and MRI
Authors: Kamal Tariq , Zhang Tan , Song Yukun , Zhu Bei-Wei , Tan Mingqian
Published: January 2018

Apple jam is one of the favorite foods consumed worldwide. This study investigated the effect of storage time and sugar concentration on water dynamics inFujiandYinduqing, using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The samples were taken for jam preparation with various concentrations of sugar solution (0, 25, 50 and 75-oBrix) and stored at a room temperature of 20 °C for 16 days. The LF-NMR relaxation timeT2distribution displayed bound, intermediate and free water, respectively. The lowestT2range reflected lowest sugar hydrogen mobility depending on total soluble solids (TSS) and water content. A significant correlation (r> 0.9) existed between LF-NMR analysis and physicochemical parameters (water content, color, pH and TSS). MRI displayed uniform water distributions in samples with low sugar concentration. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate sugar crystals and microstructural changes during processing. The study demonstrated the viability of LF-NMR method in determining water dynamics in the apple jams upon processing and storage that may be implemented for quality analysis in other jam products.
The accumulation of SA- and JA-signaling pathways in the response of Glycine max cv. “Nam Dan” to infestation by Aphis craccivora
Authors: Tran Ngoc Toan , Tran Thi Thanh Huyen , Do Ngoc Dai , Mai Van Chung
Published: January 2018

Phytohormones function as signal molecules that regulate physiological processes to protect plants from environmental stresses, including aphids’ attack. We studied the pattern within the defense mechanisms of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Nam Dan”] regarding the signaling pathways of salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) in response to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch). With infestation by cowpea aphid, SA was the first to accumulate and reached high levels 24 hours post-infestation (hpi). An accumulation of SA in the early response of soybean probably triggers inducible specific defense reactions. Following SA, JA was later induced and continuously increased to high levels 96 hpi. An accumulation of JA in the later response may be a critical step in the signaling of the downstream defense cascade. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) and benzoic acid 2-hydroylase (BA2H), enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of SA, and lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12), an important enzyme in the JA biosynthesis pathway, were also induced by cowpea aphid. The changes in the enzymatic activity of PAL, BA2H and LOX, and expression of gene encoding PAL were closely associated with the accumulation of endogenous SA and JA, respectively. The variations in the levels of these defense-related compounds were strongly connected with density and the duration of cowpea aphid infestation. Different accumulations of SA- and JA-signaling pathways may contribute to a coordinated regulation leading to the formation of resistant lines in the defense mechanisms of G. max cv. “Nam Dan” against A. craccivora.
Biocontrol of bacterial speck of tomato by aqueous extract of Tagetes erecta
Authors: Goel Navodit , Anukrati Kumari , Paul Prabir Kumar
Published: January 2018

Biocontrol of plant diseases has emerged as an eco-friendly measure of plant protection and has experienced a lot of devotion in the last two decades. Biocontrol agents include application of microbial agents, their secretion products and natural extracts from different parts of several plants. The present study, therefore, aimed at evaluating the potency of aqueous extracts of Tagetes erecta L. (marigold) in controlling bacterial speck disease in tomato plants. The experimental design consisted of two groups of 50 plants each: group 1 – sprayed with sterile water (control); and group 2 – sprayed with marigold extract. Spraying was performed under aseptic conditions at the third node from the base of each plant. Challenge inoculation with the bacterial speck pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato was performed to analyze the disease severity on the test plants. The parameters of study were analysis of alteration in the activity and gene expression of peroxidase (POX), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as isoform expression of POX and PPO. The results demonstrated strong inductive effects of the extract on the activity and genes of POX, PAL and PPO. De novo expression of POX and PPO isoforms following marigold extract treatment was also observed. The observations indicate that marigold extract could be a promising biopesticide.
Chromium Coating as a Surface Protection of Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Krausová A. , Tůma L. , Novák M. , Cvrček L. , Krejčí J. , Macák J.
Published: January 2018

Increasing of nuclear safety, higher demands for longer nuclear fuel campaign and higher levels of burnout are based on improving the properties of zirconium alloys. Protective coatings appears to be a promising way to reduce their chemical reactivity and increase resistance to hydriding. In this work, a thin chromium coating applied to a standard Zr1Nb zirconium alloy was studied using in-situ impedance spectroscopy. Exposure was carried out at a temperature of 280 ° C and a pressure of 8 MPa in a simulated WWER primary coolant environment. The results show that the chromium-coated Zr1Nb alloy is under these conditions oxidized significantly slower than the non-coated alloy.
Analysis of the Coating for Heavy Liquid Metal Applications
Authors: Prehradná J. , Rozumová L. , Di Gabriele F. , Chocholoušek M. , Dostál V.
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the behavior of the ferritic-martensitic steel T91 samples covered with an AlTiN black coating, which is mainly used for high temperature applications (> 800 ° C) because of its resistance to oxidation. The coating was applied by use of a combination of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS). Samples were subjected to a tensile test in a static tank CALLISTO. The environment was liquid PbBi eutectic at a temperature of 550° C. Two types of samples, with a notch in the middle and without a notch, were tested. After exposure, the samples were subjected to morphological and chemical analyzes on SEM and EDX. Although the coating cracked over the entire length of the sample, high adhesion of the layer was demonstrated, the coating was delaminated locally only in the notch.
Local GIS: development and assessment of the geoportal for local governments and local communities. Case study of a small town in Poland
Authors: Medolińska Katarzyna , Gołębiowska Izabela , Karsznia Izabela
Published: January 2018

Of the numerous applications of GIS, administration and public services count among the main fields of application. They are both the users and the owners of the largest amount of spatial data. Portals for higher authorities have been the subject of extensive discussions, but the development and possible use of GIS systems in the form of geoportals at local levels still seems to have been insufficiently discussed. This article presents the process of designing and developing a portal for the lowest authorities - local authorities and the local community. A small town in Poland, Sokółka, was assumed as the study area. The concept development was preceded by, among others: recognition of the needs of an administrative unit in conducting spatial policy; establishment of the objectives, functionalities and assumptions of the designed GIS; a SWOT analysis of the designed geoportal; and an analysis of data resources. Pilot implementation was completed with an evaluation of the geoportal encompassing various groups of potential users.
Some new remarks on MHD Jeffery-Hamel fluid flow problem
Authors: Ene Remus-Daniel , Pop Camelia
Published: January 2018

A Hamilton-Poisson realization of the MHD Jeffery-Hamel fluid flow problem is proposed. Tthe nonlinear stability of the equilibrium states is discussed. A comparison between the analytic solutions obtained using the OHAM method and the exact solutions provided by the Hamilton-Poisson realization are presented.
Dynamics of the line-start reluctance motor with rotor made of SMC material
Authors: Smółka Krzysztof , Gmyrek Zbigniew
Published: January 2018

Design and control of electric motors in such a way as to ensure the expected motor dynamics, are the problems studied for many years. Many researchers tried to solve this problem, for example by the design optimization or by the use of special control algorithms in electronic systems. In the case of low-power and fractional power motors, the manufacture cost of the final product is many times less than cost of electronic system powering them. The authors of this paper attempt to improve the dynamic of 120 W line-start synchronous reluctance motor, energized by 50 Hz mains (without any electronic systems). The authors seek a road enabling improvement of dynamics of the analyzed motor, by changing the shape and material of the rotor, in such a way to minimize the modification cost of the tools necessary for the motor production. After the initial selection, the analysis of four rotors having different tooth shapes, was conducted.
Inhomogeneous dielectrics: conformal mapping and finite-element models
Authors: Costamagna Eugenio , Barba Paolo Di
Published: January 2018

Field singularities in electrostatic and magnetostatic fields require special attention in field calculations, and today finite element methods are normally used, both in homogeneous and in inhomogeneous dielectric cases. Conformal mappings are a traditional tool in the homogeneous case, but two-stage Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Difference procedures have been proposed for a long time to solve problems in case of inhomogeneous dielectric materials too. This allowed to overcome accuracy problems caused by convex corners in the domain boundary and relevant field singularities, and to easily apply finite difference (FD) solvers in rectangular domains. In this paper, compound procedures Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Elements Method procedures are suggested, to improve both the accuracy and the speed of second stage calculations. The results are compared to Schwarz-Christoffel + Finite Difference and to direct finite-element calculations, and the small differences analyzed considering a well know case study geometry, i.e., a shielded dielectric-supported stripline geometry.
Topology optimization of induction heating model using sequential linear programming based on move limit with adaptive relaxation
Authors: Masuda Hiroshi , Kanda Yutaro , Okamoto Yoshifumi , Hirono Kazuki , Hoshino Reona , Wakao Shinji , Tsuburaya Tomonori
Published: January 2018

It is very important to design electrical machineries with high efficiency from the point of view of saving energy. Therefore, topology optimization (TO) is occasionally used as a design method for improving the performance of electrical machinery under the reasonable constraints. Because TO can achieve a design with much higher degree of freedom in terms of structure, there is a possibility for deriving the novel structure which would be quite different from the conventional structure. In this paper, topology optimization using sequential linear programming using move limit based on adaptive relaxation is applied to two models. The magnetic shielding, in which there are many local minima, is firstly employed as firstly benchmarking for the performance evaluation among several mathematical programming methods. Secondly, induction heating model is defined in 2-D axisymmetric field. In this model, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic body is maximized under the constraint on the volume of magnetic body. Furthermore, the influence of the location of the design domain on the solutions is investigated.
Rules for folding polyminoes from one level to two levels
Authors: Martin Julia , Wilcox Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

Polyominoes have been the focus of many recreational and research investigations. In this article, the authors investigate whether a paper cutout of a polyomino can be folded to produce a second polyomino in the same shape as the original, but now with two layers of paper. For the folding, only “corner folds” and “half edge cuts” are allowed, unless the polyomino forms a closed loop, in which case one is allowed to completely cut two squares in the polyomino apart. With this set of allowable moves, the authors present algorithms for folding different types of polyominoes and prove that certain polyominoes can successfully be folded to two layers. The authors also establish that other polyominoes cannot be folded to two layers if only these moves are allowed.
Optimizing Street Canyon Orientation for Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata, India
Authors: De Bhaskar , Mukherjee Mahua
Published: January 2018

Air temperature in urban street canyons is increased due to the morphed urban geometry, increased surface area, decreased long wave radiation and evapo-transpiration, different thermo-physical properties of surface materials and anthropogenic heat which results in thermal discomfort. Outdoor thermal stress can be mitigated substantially by properly orienting the canyons. It is crucial for the urban planners and designers to orient street canyons optimally considering variable local climatic context. It is important especially for cities in warm humid climatic context as these cities receive higher insolation with higher relative humidity and low level macro wind flow. This paper examines influence of canyon orientation on outdoor thermal comfort and proposes the optimum canyon orientation for the Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata – a city in warm humid climate zone. Different scenarios are generated with different orientations. Change in air temperature, wind speed, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) of different scenarios are compared to find out the optimum orientation by parametric simulation inENVI_met. Analysing the simulation results it is observed that orientation angle between 30°–60° to north performs the best for the study area of the Rajarhat Newtown. The findings of this research will be helpful for the planners to orient the street canyons optimally for future development and extension of the Rajarhat Newtown, Kolkata.
A Polish approach to FRP bridges
Authors: Siwowski Tomasz , Rajchel Mateusz
Published: January 2018

The paper presents initial results of a new approach to FRP composite bridge construction that is presently being developed and tested in Poland. The concept combines lightweight concrete with FRP composites to create a durable highly optimised structure. The paper describes the bridge system itself and presents the research results on its development. The basic design is presented together with research results on its development: FEM analysis and a range of static test results of full-scale bridge beam experiments. The paper finishes with some test results of a full scale bridge that was constructed near Rzeszow in December 2015.
Initial research on recycled tyre bales for road infrastructure applications
Authors: Duda Aleksander , Sobala Dariusz
Published: January 2018

The paper reviews selected surveys carried out within the R&D project, co-financed with the European Regional Development Fund, called “ReUse - Innovative Recycling Materials, Enhancing the Sustainability of Bridge Facilities” (Innotech No. K3 / IN3 / 38/228116 / NCBiR / 15). The aim of the project and conducted research is to develop and implement innovative, cheap and environmentally-friendly recycled construction material in the form of tyre bales made from compressed used car tyres. This material is likely to be applied in civil engineering, especially in transport infrastructure, geotechnical and hydraulic engineering. New material is cheap and has unique properties such as low weight, high water permeability, high vibration and noise-damping capacity, low pressure coefficient values and other parameters that technically and economically allow it to replace natural aggregates. The extensive practical application of new material will facilitate the replacement of waste management methods with the environmentally friendly ones.
Modeling of porous concrete elements under load
Authors: Demchyna B.H. , Famuliak Yu.Ye. , Demchyna Kh.B.
Published: January 2018

It is known that cell concretes are almost immediately destroyed under load, having reached certain critical stresses. Such kind of destruction is called a “catastrophic failure”. Process of crack formation is one of the main factors, influencing process of concrete destruction. Modern theory of crack formation is mainly based on the Griffith theory of destruction. However, the mentioned theory does not completely correspond to the structure of cell concrete with its cell structure, because the theory is intended for a solid body. The article presents one of the possible variants of modelling of the structure of cell concrete and gives some assumptions concerning the process of crack formation in such hollow, not solid environment.
Facade renovation – replacement and restoration of the panels in a monument protected object
Authors: Novotný Michal
Published: January 2018

The article deals with problems of reconstruction of the facade and the associated problem of replacement or repair of the panels. In conventional buildings it is a smooth operation, but it is problematic in monument-protected objects. In the case of a common building, it is possible to choose any modern panels and simply replace them, but for historical objects we have to follow the claims and the rules of monument protection. In practice, it usually means the impossibility of use of modern panels, but at least a combination of old and modern technologies. Another possible solution to the problem is renovation, or repairs to the original state of the existing panels, of course with respect to the functionality of such panels. The implementation of such repairs must always be based on the technical and historical survey of the condition of the object and the repairs must be professionally designed. Subsequently, corrections are made, during which it is necessary to pay particular attention to observance of the technological procedures, rules and instructions particularly in terms of monument protection. However, the functionality of the works or elements made with regard to the quality of the environment within the building is not negligible. A common problem is the lack of control of technical requirements and functional requirements. Underestimation of the problems then leads to difficult repairs. The article points to the mistakes and problems of one such construction project on a historically protected chateau building.
Shearing Performance of Natural Matched Joints with Different Wall Strengths under Direct Shearing Tests
Authors: Li Yuanhui , Song Leibo , Jiang Quan , Yang Chengxiang , Liu Chang , Yang Bing
Published: January 2018

Studying the effects of upper and lower joint wall strengths on shear behaviors is conducive to understanding the sliding problems of engineering masses, such as the contact surfaces of hard-soft composite strata. In this study, several types of soft-hard specimens with the same natural joint were cast using 3-D scanning technology and 3-D printing technology, and shearing tests were conducted on the specimens under different constant normal stresses. The results of the direct shear test showed that the deformation and shear strength characteristics of composite joints, including shear compaction, shear dilatancy, shear stiffness, peak shear strength, and failure characteristics, were affected by the compressive strengths of the upper and lower joint walls. The study also indicated that the shear damage of asperities occurred in both the hard and soft joint walls; the shear failure volume of the soft joint side accounted for a larger proportion of the total shear failure volume, which was strengthened with an increase in the wall strength coefficient (λσc). This finding explains why the joint roughness coefficient-joint compressive strength (JRC-JCS) formula has limitations in predicting the strength of soft-hard joints. To better predict the strength of soft-hard joints, a modified JRC-JCS formula for shear strength was proposed by considering the effects of upper and lower joint wall strengths on shear behaviors. Finally, we analyzed the mechanisms of three failure modes, including sliding wear, shearing failure, and sliding-shearing failure, and presented a reasonable explanation for different joint wall strengths causing different shear behaviors from a microscopic perspective.
PTGS2 polymorphism rs689466 favors breast cancer recurrence in obese patients
Authors: Freitas-Alves Daniely Regina , Vieira-Monteiro Hayra de Andrade , Piranda Diogo Nascimento , Sobral-Leite Marcelo , da Silva Taiana Sousa Lopes , Bergmann Anke , Valença Samuel Santos , Perini Jamila Alessandra , Vianna-Jorge Rosane
Published: January 2018

Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women, and its increasing incidence is a challenge worldwide. Estrogen exposure is the main risk factor, but obesity among postmenopausal women has been shown to favor disease onset and progression. The link between obesity and mammary carcinogenesis involves elevated estrogen production and proinflammatory stimuli within the adipose tissue, with activation of the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway. Here, we evaluate the impact of the four most common cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms (rs689465, rs689466, rs20417 and rs20417), in combination with obesity, on the risk of breast cancer progression in a cohort of Brazilian breast cancer patients (N = 1038). Disease-free survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves, with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models for calculation of adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj). Obesity did not affect disease progression, whereas rs689466 variant genotypes increased the recurrence risk among obese patients (HRadj = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4–4.3), either for luminal (HRadj = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1–4.2) or HER2-like and triple-negative tumors (HRadj = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.2–8.5). Likewise, the haplotype *4, which contains variant rs689466, was associated with shorter disease-free survival among obese patients (HRadj = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.8–6.0), either in luminal (HRadj = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.6–7.3) or HER2-like and triple-negative (HRadj = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.1–8.9) tumors. Such deleterious impact of variant rs689466 on disease-free survival of obese breast cancer patients was restricted to postmenopausal women. In conclusion, cyclooxygenase-2 genotyping may add to the prognostic evaluation of obese breast cancer patients.
Genomic landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: the International Cancer Genome Consortium
Authors: Mafficini Andrea , Scarpa Aldo
Published: January 2018

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) may arise throughout the body and are a highly heterogeneous, relatively rare class of neoplasms difficult to study also for the lack of disease models. Despite this, knowledge on their molecular alterations has expanded in the latest years, also building from genetic syndromes causing their onset. Pancreatic NETs (PanNETs) have been among the most studied, and research so far has outlined a series of recurring features, as inactivation of MEN1, VHL, TSC1/2 genes and hyperactivation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Next-generation sequencing has added new information by showing the key role of alternative lengthening of telomeres, driven in a fraction of PanNETs by inactivation of ATRX/DAXX. Despite this accumulation of knowledge, single studies often relied on few cases or were limited to the DNA, RNA, protein or epigenetic level with lack of integrative analysis. The International Cancer Genome Consortium aimed at removing these barriers through a strict process of data and samples collection, to produce whole-genome integrated analyses for many tumour types. The results of this effort on PanNETs have been recently published and, while confirming previous observations provide a first snapshot of how heterogeneous is the combination of genetic alterations that drive this tumour type, yet converging into four pathways whose alteration has been enriched by newly discovered mechanisms. While calling for further integration of genetic and epigenetic analyses, these data allow to reconcile previous findings in a defined frame and may provide clinical research with markers for patients stratification and to guide targeted therapy decisions.
Near Defect Free GaN Substrates
Authors: Porowski S.
Published: January 2018

The current status of GaN crystallization under high nitrogen pressure will be presented. Both conductive and semi-insulating GaN crystals will be characterized.

In particular the influence of Mg on the growth mechanisms will be discussed. The influence of Mg doping on morphology of Mg-doped crystals grown under pressure and Mg-doped homoepitaxial layers will be shown. It will be also shown that the addition of about 1 at.% of Mg into the solution improves significantly the structural quality of crystals reducing dislocation density at least by 3 orders of magnitude comparing to the crystals grown without an intentional doping. As it was estimated by selective wet etching and transmission electron microscopy the dislocation densities in the Mg-doped GaN is as low as 10 cm−1. The introduction of Mg also lowers the optical absorption coefficients for energies below fundamental edge by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude what is explained by disappearance of defect related states in the gap.

The procedures for preparation of atomically flat epi-ready (000 1 ) surfaces without subsurface damage will be described. It will be shown that high quality homoepitaxial layers growing by monoatomic steps are possible on these substrates.
Hydrogen and Nitrogen Ambient Effects on Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) of GaN VIA Metalorganic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy (Movpe)
Authors: Tadatomo Kazuyuki , Ohuchi Yoichiro , Okagawa Hiroaki , Itoh Hirotaka , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa
Published: January 2018

Ambient gas effect on the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN via metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on a MOVPE-grown GaN (0001) / sapphire (0001) substrate with a SiO2 stripe mask has been studied by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and highresolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Different ambient gases of nitrogen, hydrogen and their mixture (mixture ratio, hydrogen : nitrogen = 1 : 1) affect the lateral overgrowth rate, the surface morphology and the crystalline tilting of ELO-GaN layers. XRD revealed that the ELO-GaN layer on the SiO2 mask aligned along the <100> direction exhibited anisotropic crystalline tilting toward <110>. For ELO-GaN growth in nitrogen ambient, the growth rate of the (0001) facet decreases, the lateral overgrowth rate increases and the tilting of the ELO-GaN layer increases, while no smooth surface is obtained, in comparison with ELO-GaN growth in hydrogen ambient. For the mixture ambient, a smooth surface with a fast lateral overgrowth rate is achieved and the dislocation density is not more than 107 cm−2, which is comparable to that in hydrogen ambient.