bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical quality characteristics of breast and leg meat of slow- and fast-growing broilers raised in different housing systems
Authors: Özbek Melahat , Petek Metin , Ardıçlı Sena
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This study was made to determine the effects of genotype and housing system on physical quality characteristics of breast and leg meat of broilers under experimental conditions. The 150 slow-growing and 150 fast-growing 1 d old chicks were divided into three sub-groups with indoor raised slatted plastic floor, indoor concrete floor with rice hull litter, and free-range housing systems (2 genotype groups × 3 housing systems). All birds were offered the same diet and were housed in similar conditions until they were 56 d old. At slaughter, 10 birds from each main group were selected randomly to determine the quality characteristics of the meat. In total, 60 breast meat pieces (pectoralis major muscle) and 60 legs of the chickens were used for meat quality analysis including pH, shear force, and colour characteristics such as lightness (L∗), redness (a∗), yellowness (b∗), saturation (C∗), and hue angle (h∗). The pH of breast meat was significantly affected by genotype and housing system (P<0.001 and P<0.001). There were significant genotype × housing system interactions for pH (P<0.015 and P<0.001) and shear force values (P<0.007 and P<0.012) of leg and breast meat. There were no significant effects of genotype and housing system on leg and breast meat colour properties except for effects of genotype on redness (a∗) of breast meat (p<0.005) and effects of housing on redness of leg meat colour (p<0.031). Slow-growing chickens and chickens housed in deep litter had a higher redness (darker) value of breast and leg meat colour compared to fast-growing birds and free range and slatted floor. In conclusion, it can be said that fast-growing broilers may be more appropriate for slatted plastic floor housing and slow-growing broilers may be more suitable for a free-range housing system, but further research on factors affecting meat quality would be very beneficial, especially in slow-growing broilers.
Estimation of the error covariance matrix for IASI radiances and its impact on ozone analyses
Authors: Aabaribaoune Mohammad El , Emili Emanuele , Guidard Vincent
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In atmospheric chemistry retrievals and data assimilation systems, observation errors associated with satellite radiances are chosen empirically and generally treated as uncorrelated. In this work, we estimate inter-channel error covariances for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and evaluate their impact on ozone assimilation with the chemical transport model MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chime Atmospheric à Grand Echelle). The method used to calculate observation errors is a diagnostic based on the observation and analysis residual statistics already adopted in numerical weather prediction centers. We used a subset of 280 channels covering the spectral range between 980 and 1100 cm−1 to estimate the observation error covariance matrix. We computed hourly 3D-Var analyses and compared the resulting O3 fields against ozonesondes and the measurements provided by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The results show significant differences between using the estimated error covariance matrix with respect to the empirical diagonal matrix employed in previous studies. The validation of the analyses against independent data reports a significant improvement especially in the tropical stratosphere. The computational cost has also been reduced when the estimated covariance is employed in the assimilation system.
Performance of an open-path near infrared measurement system for measurements of CO2 and CH4 during extended field trials
Authors: Deutscher Nicholas M. , Naylor Travis A. , Caldow Christopher G. R. , McDougall Hamish L. , Carter Alex G. , Griffith David W. T.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Open-path measurements of atmospheric composition provide spatial averages of trace gases that are less sensitive to small-scale variations and the effects of meteorology. In this study we introduce improvements to Open-Path Near Infrared (OP-NIR) Fourier Transform Spectrometer measurements of CO2 and CH4. In an extended field trial, the OP-NIR achieved measurement repeatability six times better for CO2 (0.26 ppm) and ten times better for CH4 (2.0 ppb) over a 1.55 km one-way path than its predecessor. The measurement repeatability was independent of pathlength up to 1.55 km, the longest distance tested. Comparisons to co-located in situ measurements under well-mixed conditions characterise biases of 2.67 % for CO2 and 2.46 % for CH4 relative to in situ measurements calibrated to World Meteorological Organisation – Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) scales. The OP-NIR measurements can detect signals due to local photosynthesis and respiration, and local point sources of CH4. The OP-NIR is well-suited for deployment in urban or rural settings to quantify atmospheric composition on kilometre scales.
The Hollow Shell of Ohio H.B. 214: A Critical Examination of the Consequences of Down Syndrome Discrimination Laws
Authors: Beck Elizabeth I.
Published: September 2020

N/A
Masthead
Authors: Law Review Editor
Published: September 2020

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Four Phases of Internet Policy Development: Risks to the Public Interest
Authors: Wilkinson Sabrina
Published: September 2020

This article investigates what risks to the public interest may arise in Internet policy development facilitated by Canada's communications regulator, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). It finds that different risks exist in four distinct phases of CRTC policy formation. Although these threats are wide-ranging, they often relate to the strategic behaviors of well-resourced groups that advocate for policy positions that are adjacent or contrary to the public interest, a regulatory process in some ways unsuited for robust civil society participation, and the resource constraints of public interest groups that regularly participate in this process.
Spirit Readings: Spectral Hermeneutics in the Middle EnglishGast of Gy
Authors: Zawacki Alexander J.
Published: September 2020

The Middle English Gast of Gy is intimately concerned with the hermeneutic process. Irruptions of the preternatural are destabilizing events that threaten Church authority and so demand an interpretive response. The clerics in the poem serve as first-contact exegetes. They fulfill a vital, sacral function as interpreters of texts and phenomena, and as mediators between the mundane and the otherworldly. Hermes, a liminal god with dominion over both ghosts and the act of speech, is here deployed as a lens through which to view these separate duties and bring them together under a coherent conceptual heading. Gy then serves as an effective case study in how Church control is established over a disruptive paranormal event, how clerics in the field work at the discernment of spirits, and how orthodox understandings of the supernatural are formulated and propagated through dialogue and writing.
A reanalysis of abstract contrasts and opacity in Bondu-so tongue root harmony
Authors: Sandstedt Jade J.
Published: September 2020

This paper explores a number of controversial consequences of previous abstract analyses of Bondu-so (Dogon) vowels and vowel harmony, particularly for the explanation of phonological opacity. Bondu-so has been characterised as displaying asymmetrically-patterning bidirectional harmony, a four-way [ATR] contrast on mid-vowel suffixes, and abstract [±ATR] contrasts on high and low vowels which display distinct phonological behaviours but which never surface, being absolutely neutralised (Hantgan & Davis 2012). I show that each of these unusual generalisations stems from the crucial mischaracterisation of underlying vowel contrasts and the direction of harmony in surface-ambiguous data. With a re-classification of the data, Bondu-so harmony patterns are characterisable as regular, derivationally transparent leftwards [RTR]-harmony with harmonically neutral non-contrastive high and low vowels – requiring no abstract contrasts, directional harmony asymmetries, or opacity of any kind. Following this non-abstract reanalysis, Bondu-so is revealed to be typologically and theoretically fully consistent with other harmony languages. This review of Bondu-so vowel patterns represents therefore an important contribution to the “abstractness controversy” – revealing important analytical and methodological issues in abstract approaches to phonological opacity.
Corpo, mídia e subjetividade: lutas por reconhecimento na trajetória da cantora Ludmilla
Authors: Arantes Dariane , Theodoro Hadriel
Published: September 2020

Este artigo pretende, a partir de episódios midiáticos de racismo e do recente processo de transição capilar da cantora Ludmilla, refletir sobre o dimensionamento da mídia, enquanto palco de lutas sociais que revelam embates no que tange a construção de significações e ressignificações dos corpos da mulher negra. Nesse contexto, traz-se para o centro da discussão o cabelo, entendido como elemento corpóreo capaz de revelar imposições e estigmas nos corpos negros ao mesmo tempo em que se constitui como elemento de resistência, onde se insere os movimentos de valorização das texturas naturais crespas e cacheadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos estão baseados em uma teorização acerca dessas questões bem como em uma análise de narrativas midiáticas que buscaram retratar a cantora Ludmilla.
Consumo e Recepção: A Educação pela Pesquisa Aplicada como Estratégia de Ensino-Aprendizagem na Pós-Graduação em Comunicação
Authors: Filho Clóvis Teixeira
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é expor a estratégia de educação pela pesquisa na pós-graduação com vistas à compreensão da utilização de técnicas aplicadas nos estudos de recepção e consumo, suas operacionalizações, potencialidades e fragilidades. Para isso, foi articulado com o referencial metodológico e educacional um relato de experiência de pesquisa, por meio de estudo de caso, apontando possibilidades para a formação de competências do pesquisador. Como resultados destacam-se o enfrentamento com a pluralidade de técnicas, a desnaturalização do consumo, a inserção no lugar do sujeito pesquisado, a decisão analítica e a divulgação dos resultados.
O Uso dos Arquétipos na Imagem e Identidade das Marcas: Um Estudo da Marca Skol
Authors: Fortes Fiebig Manoella , Gusatti Ciro , Hauenstein Petry Douglas
Published: September 2020

O estudo tem como objetivo descobrir quais arquétipos são percebidos na marca Skol pelo público consumidor em duas fases de sua comunicação: em uma campanha antiga (de 2010) e em uma campanha mais recente (de 2017). Com o auxílio de um método experimental de pesquisa, os dados foram coletados e analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey, a fim de observar as diferenças estatísticas das respostas obtidas. Variações significativas foram encontradas na análise, pois enquanto os arquétipos do Mago e do Amante eram percebidos com mais força na imagem antiga da marca, na imagem atual há um aumento da percepção dos arquétipos do Explorador e do Prestativo. Entretanto, o arquétipo mais percebido pelos consumidores em todos os casos foi o do Bobo da Corte.
COTIDIANO DO ENFERMEIRO NO ATENDIMENTO AO IDOSO NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA EM MANACAPURU-AMAZONAS
Authors: Franco Patrícia Da Costa , Esteves Arinete Veras Fontes , Oliveira Ana Paula Pessoa de , Sampaio Sara Nogueira , Lima Eurides Souza de
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: descrever a atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado à pessoa idosa na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Manacapuru-Amazonas.Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 16 enfermeiros de 11 Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família, através de um instrumento semiestruturado, analisado qualitativamente pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo.Resultados: atendimento direcionado para a demanda espontânea e centrado nas patologias; enfermeiros não capacitados para o atendimento específico à população idosa e que enfrentam a deficiência ou ausência do papel familiar no cuidado ao idoso na Estratégia Saúde da Famíila.Conclusão: o cotidiano das práticas do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família no cuidado ao idoso passa por um déficit significativo devido à falta de planejamento e capacitação profissional.Diante dessa problemática, é importante que políticas públicas sejam implementadas e direcionadas para o cenário local e regional populacional e de assistência da enfermagem gerontológica.
DESFECHOS RELACIONADOS AO CATETER VENOSO CENTRAL DE INSERÇÃO PERIFÉRICA E À DISSECÇÃO CIRÚRGICA EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS
Authors: Pereira Higor Pacheco , Afonso Regiane Queiroz , Makuch Débora Maria Vargas , Betiolli Susanne Elero
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: investigar os desfechos relacionados ao cateter central de inserção periférica e à dissecção cirúrgica em neonatos de uma unidade de terapia intensiva.Método: estudo quantitativo transversal retrospectivo, realizado em hospital infantil no Paraná. Coletaram-se os dados em setembro de 2017, por meio das fichas  referentes aos neonatos internados no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2016, que utilizaram cateter central de inserção periférica ou dissecção cirúrgica. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e de associação.Resultados: analisaram-se 165 fichas, sendo 134 cateteres de inserção periférica (81,2%) e 31 dissecções cirúrgicas (18,8%). Os cateteres apresentaram menor quantitativo de infecção comparado às dissecções (6% e 16,1%, respectivamente). Associaram-se ao tipo de dispositivo as variáveis: local de inserção (p<0,001), fixação do curativo (p<0,001), medidas de protocolo operacional padrão (p<0,001), indicadores de eventos adversos (p<0,001), com destaque ao extravasamentoassociado à dissecção cirúrgica (p=0,006).Conclusão: sugerem-se maiores benefícios aos neonatos frente ao cateter de inserção periférica.
INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA EM MULHERES: FATORES DE RISCO SEGUNDO TIPO E GRAVIDADE
Authors: Silva Aurenice Gomes da , Carvalho Rayne Raissa Correia de , Ferreira Steffany De Almeida , Valença Marilia Perrelli , Silva Filho Jabiael Carneiro da , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: verificar fatores associados a incontinência urinária em mulheres por tipo e gravidade.Metodologia: estudo transversal, realizado de novembro de 2018 a abril de 2019, com 30 mulheres em um hospital escola de Pernambuco. Foi utilizado o instrumento Gaudenz-Fragebogen para identificar os tipos de incontinência e o Incontinence Severity Index para classificar a gravidade da perda urinária. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher para analisar variáveis qualitativas e t-Student para variáveis racionais.Resultados: incontinência urinária de esforço foi o tipo mais frequente (66,7%), na forma moderada (43,3%) e esteve associada a baixa escolaridade (p<0,001), índice de massa corporal de 28,6 (p=0,043), circunferência abdominal de 103,4 (p<0,001), diabetes (p<0,001), número de partos superior a 4 (p=0,046), cirurgia ginecológica (p=0,023) e falta de atividade física (p=0,001).Considerações Finais: a identificação do tipo, da gravidade e dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis poderá subsidiar intervenções preventivas e curativas mais eficientes e efetivas.
FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E OCUPACIONAIS ASSOCIADOS AOS RECURSOS DE BEM-ESTAR NO PLANEJAMENTO DA APOSENTADORIA
Authors: Santos Márcio Souza dos , Pissinati Paloma De Souza Cavalcante , Rossaneis Mariana Angela , Costa Raquel Gvozd , Haddad Maria Do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados à adoção de recursos de bem-estar no planejamento da aposentadoria.Método: pesquisa transversal, exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada entre maio e novembro de 2018, com dados secundários coletados nas respostas ao Inventário de Recursos para a Aposentadoria (IRA), inserido no web software “Aposentar-se com Saúde”. Utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences versão 20.0 para análise estatística descritiva e inferencial.Resultados: a adoção dos recursos de bem-estar no planejamento da aposentadoria esteve associada positivamente aos aspectos físico, social, emocional, cognitivo e motivacional e ao global. As variáveis sexo, titulação, religião, renda familiar e estar empregado representaram menor adoção de recursos de bem-estar.Conclusão: os resultados fundamentam o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, ao contribuir para o direcionamento das ações de promoção à saúde do trabalhador e para a necessidade de planejamento para a adaptação à aposentadoria.
NO EPICENTRO DA EPIDEMIA: UM OLHAR SOBRE A COVID-19 NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Riboli Elisabetta , Arthur Juliana Perez , Mantovani Maria De Fátima
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre os impactos da COVID-19 no norte da Itália, epicentro europeu da pandemia.Desenvolvimento: a abordagem desenvolvida foi a partir do surgimento da doença, sua chegada na Itália e suas repercussões, não apenas no âmbito sanitário, como também nos relacionamentos humanos e no ambiente social. A epidemia vem impactando a vida dos profissionais da saúde e mobilizou avanços em pesquisas em todo o mundo.Considerações finais: considera-se que o enfrentamento da doença no país evidenciou o protagonismo da enfermagem como profissão do cuidar e permitirá um novo pensar sobre o ensino, a assistência e a pesquisa da enfermagem.
TÉCNICAS DE ARTETERAPIA EN CASA COMO CUIDADO DE ENFERMERÍA PARA ADULTOS MAYORES EN CONTINGENCIA POR COVID-19
Authors: Albañil-Delgado Sergio , Machain Pedro Aguilar , Guerrero-Castañeda Raúl Fernando
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: apresentar uma breve descrição das técnicas de terapia com arte no domicílio como cuidados de enfermagem para idosos em contingência devido ao COVID-19.Desenvolvimento: diante do pronunciamento de medidas de saúde para o COVID-19, como grupo de maior risco, os idosos requerem estrita adesão às recomendações de isolamento, para as quais são propostas algumas técnicas de terapia com arte como cuidados de enfermagem, entre as quais se destacam desenhos, mandalas, pintura, colagens e técnica de máscaras; que podem favorecer a saúde mental do idoso no domicílio, além de favorecer a estimulação cognitiva, a mobilidade e a expressão de emoções; assim, seus benefícios envolvem o bem-estar físico, social, emocional e espiritual do idoso.Considerações finais: As artes plásticas como estratégias terapêuticas podem ser incorporadas pelo enfermeiro nas atividades domiciliares para os idosos, favorecendo funções cognitivas, prevenindo deteriorações cognitivas, mantendo a mobilidade e melhorando o estado emocional.
SAÚDE MENTAL DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM DO BRASIL NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA COVID-19: AÇÃO DO CONSELHO FEDERAL DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Humerez Dorisdaia Carvalho de , Ohl Rosali Isabel Barduchi , Silva Manoel Carlos Neri da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros no contexto da pandemia COVID-19.Desenvolvimento: o atual surto da doença causada pelo Coronavírus, a COVID-19, está ocasionando prejuízos enormes para todo o mundo e tende a provocar pânico generalizado na população. Diante dessa realidade, os profissionais da enfermagem fazem parte de um dos grupos mais afetados, expostos ao risco de contágio e da dor emocional que afeta consideravelmente a saúde mental. Assim, o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem determinou à Comissão Nacional de Enfermagem em Saúde Mental para efetivar atendimento a esses profissionais que se encontram na linha de frente na atuação da pandemia.Conclusão: para atingir esse objetivo, elaborou-se o projeto de Atendimento de Enfermagem em Saúde Mental aos profissionais de enfermagem na pandemia. Depois dos primeiros trinta dias de atendimentos, os sentimentos mais emergentes foram: ansiedade, medo, ambivalência, depressão e exaustão.
Fatores Determinantes do Grau de Excesso de Confiança dos Estudantes de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Santos João Victor Joaquim dos , Azevedo Yuri Gomes Paiva , Assunção Amanda Borges de Albuquerque , Mól Anderson Luiz Rezende
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os fatores determinantes do excesso de confiança em estudantes de Ciências Contábeis matriculados em quatro instituições de ensino superior localizadas na cidade do Natal-RN. Através de uma pesquisa descritiva, survey e quantitativa, foram aplicados questionários presencialmente a 395 estudantes, sendo estes compostos por duas seções: (i) perfil dos respondentes e (ii) identificação do viés excesso de confiança, elaborado com base em Pompian (2006), com o intuito de verificar o índice de excesso de confiança (IEC) de cada participante. O IEC foi utilizado como variável dependente para o modelo proposto de identificação de fatores determinantes do grau de excesso de confiança, utilizando-se as regressões por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e Beta. Os principais resultados demonstram que os participantes do estudo se apresentam, de forma geral, vulneráveis a tomar decisões sendo excessivamente confiantes em suas informações disponíveis. Além disso, os resultados obtidos nas regressões demonstram que as variáveis: idade, gênero masculino, os indivíduos casados e divorciados, empregados e empresários em relação à ocupação, bem com os discentes que auferem renda acima de nove salários mínimos podem ser consideradas fatores determinantes para o grau de excesso de confiança.
Gestão de custos: desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta gerencial de custeio híbrido para empresas prestadoras de serviços contábeis
Authors: Wamser Rodrigo , Eyerkaufer Marino Luiz , Rengel Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Este estudo objetiva desenvolver um modelo de custeio híbrido para empresas prestadoras de serviços contábeis, que permita conhecer os reais custos consumidos de acordo com a demanda de seus clientes, combinando os princípios do método de custeio baseado em atividade (ABC), variável e absorção. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa e desenvolvida por meio de uma pesquisa participativa e estudo de caso. Os resultados na Empresa XYZ apontam para um custo médio do serviço base para as rotinas contábeis que todos os clientes necessitam de R$ 208,18, diferente do valor de R$ 300,00 atualmente tabelado pela mesma. Com base nestas informações e aplicando as demais variáveis de custos consumidas no período, os custos da prestação de serviços para os demais clientes também podem ser encontrados. A exemplo do cliente A, no mês de setembro de 2017, o custo foi de R$ 146,80 para as atividades contábeis de rotina e, R$ 97,71 foram consumidos em atividades variáveis, totalizando R$ 231,75, sendo que, neste mesmo período, o honorário recebido por estes serviços foi de R$ 380,00, resultado positivo para a Empresa XYZ de R$ 148,25. Por fim, pode-se concluir que o modelo proposto e estruturado permite que sejam mensurados os custos de todos os clientes de forma customizada, alterando apenas o tempo consumido por cada atividade e, a correta evidenciação das atividades variáveis, consumidos de forma extraordinária que não estavam sendo mensurados.
RELEVÂNCIA OU IRRELEVÂNCIA DOS DIVIDENDOS: UMA ANÁLISE COM AS EMPRESAS DO ICON
Authors: Machado Alex Zimmer , Flach Leonado , Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra
Published: September 2020

O dividendo representa a distribuição do resultado de uma organização, uma parcela do seu lucro, que é o objetivo principal de uma empresa. Existem duas correntes teóricas antagônicas acerca do tema: a da Relevância dos Dividendos, também chamada de Teoria do Pássaro na Mão, de Gordon e Lintner, e a da irrelevância dos dividendos, que atribui o ganho ao valor de mercado, de Modigliani e Miller. O presente artigo buscou verificar a existência de relação entre a distribuição de dividendos e o valor de mercado das empresas pertencentes ao índice ICON, este que visa representar o desempenho médio das empresas mais representativas do setor de consumo cíclico, não cíclico e saúde. A pesquisa compreende dados de períodos trimestrais entre 2013 a 2018. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão com dados em painel de efeitos fixos. O modelo teórico aplicado de Zanon, Araújo e Nunes (2017) possui como dependente a variável Market to Book, e como variável explicativa de interesse, o Payout (razão entre os dividendos pagos e os lucros do período de cada empresa) em diferentes aplicações. Os resultados apresentam a discussão sobre a limitação dos pressupostos estatísticos da regressão, bem como da não significância do Payout no comportamento da relação do valor de mercado com o escriturado. O controle por variáveis permitiu confirmar a relação do Market to Book com o Tamanho da empresa e com o nível de Alavancagem, mas contrariamente ao esperado, não demonstrou relação com o Lucro por Ação e nem pelo Rentabilidade. A discussão desses resultados pode contribuir empiricamente processo de decisão entre a distribuição de lucros ou financiamento de capital, bem como teoricamente ao corroborar a teoria da irrelevância dos dividendos.
CAVITATION EROSION MICRO-JETS STUDIES OF ALUMINUM SPECIMENS WITH THE AID OF THE COMPACT ROTATING DISK DEVICE
Authors: Bazanini G. , Unfer R. K. , Lima N. N. C.
Published: September 2020

The shape of micro-jets created in the final stages of cavities collapses are studied here with the goal to explain the shape of the pits, formed on the surface of commercial aluminum specimens.These marks on the specimen surfaces are obtained experimentally with the aid of the compact rotating disk device and a scanning electronic microscope. Some explain is attempt, based on the theories of the potential flow and forms.
SUSTAINABLE ALKALINE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Authors: Raimundo R. C. , Vargas Jose V. C. , Balmant W. , Ordonez J. C. , Yang S.
Published: September 2020

This work proposes a sustainable alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC) comprising a traditional AMFC coupled to a hydrogen generation reactor. The reactor uses recycled aluminum from soda cans to split the water molecule via oxidation catalyzed by NaOH, and an innovative cellulose membrane eliminates the undesirable characteristics of liquid electrolytes and asbestos or ammonia---common constituents of alkaline electrolyte membranes that are toxic and carcinogenic. Oxygen is supplied to the cell by first directing the ambient air through KOH aqueous solution to remove CO2 and thus to avoid the formation of K­2CO3. In this paper, an SAMFC system with one unitary cell, reactor, and CO2 purifier was designed, built, and tested in the laboratory, and the system was compared experimentally against traditional AMFCs driven by commercial hydrogen and by the hydrogen derived from commercial aluminum. According to experimental polarization and power curves, the SAMFC delivered 0.9V in open circuit and approximately 0.42W of maximum power with recycled aluminum. The study thereby demonstrates the economic potential and competitive performance of the proposed SAMFC against traditional fuel cells.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A DOMESTIC SOLAR HEATER WITH IRON ORE AS THE ABSORBER
Authors: Pottie D. L. F. , Dias L. H. C. , Mendes R. P. , Martins L. V. S. , Ferreira R. A. M.
Published: September 2020

In Brazil's households, the use of electricity to heat water prevails, but its replacement by solar collectors can be justified due to the country's high level of solar radiation, average temperature and number of sunny days. A drawback preventing the broad spread of this technology its elevated inicial cost that, in spite of the short return on investment time, hinders its insertions on the population lower classes. Thereby, this study's goal is to search a cheaper alternative to one of the collector's most expensive component, by proposing the replacement of the aluminium sheets, used as absorber, by iron ore. This material was chosen due to its abundance in Minas Gerais, low cost and for being dark colored, ensuring high levels of absortance (0,4 < λ< 0,7 µm). A finely grained hematitic () ore was used to achieve an uniform compaction throughout its area, reducing this way, the thermal contact resistance between the absorber and the copper tubes. The collector was built and tested in similar conditions it would have faced during its lifespan, and the result shows that the maximum thermal efficiency was 58%.
MEAN NUSSELT NUMBER CORRELATION FOR TISE HEATSINK THERMAL DESIGN
Authors: Sato A. I. , Altemani C. A. C. , Scalon V. L.
Published: September 2020

This work was developed from a review of the technical literature for the thermal design of parallel plates heat sinks with uniform cross section cooled by airflow with the TISE (Top Inlet Side Exit) configuration. Due to an observed lack of agreement of the literature correlations among themselves and also with the available experimental results, numerical simulations were then performed to evaluate the forced convective heat transfer in the channels of these heat sinks with the TISE configuration. The simulations encompassed a range of heatsink airflow rates, considering distinct channel sizes and also the effect of a partial opening for the airflow entrance at the heat sink top. The obtained numerical results were employed to evaluate the average convective heat transfer coefficient inside the heatsink’s channels, based on the flow mixed mean temperature. A new empirical correlation was then proposed for the average Nusselt number as a function of the airflow Reynolds number and three dimensionless channel geometric parameters. The new correlation was compared with available experimental data.
INVERSE PROBLEM OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL IN MULTILAYER HEAT CONDUCTION
Authors: Oliveira G. C. , Ribeiroa S. S. , Guimarães G.
Published: September 2020

The inverse problem in conducting heat is related to the determination of the boundary condition, rate of heat generation, or thermophysical properties, using temperature measurements at one or more positions of the solid. The inverse problem in conducting heat is mathematically one of the ill-posed problems, because its solution extremely sensitive to measurement errors. For a well-placed problem the following conditions must be satisfied: the solution must exist, it must be unique and must be stable on small changes of the input data. The objective of the work is to estimate the heat flux generated at the tool-chip-chip interface in a manufacturing process. The term "estimation" is used because in the temperature measurements, errors are always present and these affect the accuracy of the calculation of the heat flow.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PRESSURE DROP OF THE ECOFLUID R1234YF COMPARED TO THE FLUID R134A IN SMOOTH TUBES WITH 4.8MM INTERNAL DIAMMETER
Authors: Mendes R. P. , Pottie D. L. , Martins L. V. S. , Pabon J. J. G. , Machado L.
Published: September 2020

The refrigerant fluid R1234yf is a hydrofluorefine with zero potential for degradation of the ozone layer and low potential for global warming. It is one of the potential substitutes for the currently used R134a in automotive systems. In this work, the pressure drop suffered by the fluids R134a and R1234yf when flowing in a test section through a pipe with a 4.8 mm internal diameter was measured. The pressure drop was plotted as a function of the void fraction at the exit of the test section and the values were compared concerning the change in mass flux, change in saturation temperature, and comparatively between R1234yf and R134a. A significant increase in pressure drop was observed by the increases of the mass flux, showing an increment of 155.46% of the pressure loss from 200 to 300 kg·m-2·s-1 for R1234yf at 35ºC and 161.07% for R134a in the same conditions. Despite being high, those values are expected since increasing mass flux also increases the friction between both phases. On the other hand, by increasing the saturation temperature, the pressure drop is slightly lower once the differences between the densities of the liquid and vapor phases are reduced. Compared with R134a, the R1234yf ecofluid presents less pressure drop, showing a reduction of 24% for 300 kg·m-2·s-1.
A PROPOSED METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF EXTENDED SURFACES IN INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Ferreira A. L. G. , Stampa C. S. , Lobão D. C. , Alvarez G. B.
Published: September 2020

The concept of Passive Cooling fits into a number of technological options involving constructive elements, whereby the heat exchange area of a surface being cooled by a surrounding fluid medium occurs. Thus, the increase in area results in an increase in the surface heat dissipation rate for the refrigerant, inferring only a single cost, i.e. the construction cost. Among the available technical possibilities, the use of extended surfaces, known as fins, stands out. The present work focuses on the use of fins on three very common electrical devices in the industrial environment, which present a great need for cooling.They are: three-phase transformer, frequency inverter and induction electric motor. The study is dedicated to a theoretical evaluation of the use of the fin profiles used in these equipments, since the manufacturers do not make their design data available to the public. Thus, a methodology was developed for this evaluation, including comparison of the results between the original profiles of these equipments with an alternative profile of similar design. Within the process of calculating the heat dissipation rates by the fins, the axial temperature distribution profiles were numerically determined using the Finite Difference discretization method, together with the Gauss-Seidel iterative method for the resolution of the discretized equations. The computational code was developed using MatLab® software. The results of the present work attested to the proper use of the original profiles employed by the manufacturers.
THE APPLICABILITY OF CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE: A REVIEW
Authors: Camera S. , Pineda-Vásquez T. , Bianchi F. M. , Virmond E. , Martins L. S. , Watzko E. S.
Published: September 2020

Co-combustion of coal with a secondary fuel, as for example, waste-biomass, including sewage sludge, isan option for its safe its elimination and a sustainable alternative for heat and power generation. Untreated sewage sludge has a negative impact on the environment and society due to its compositional and pathogenic factors. Co-combustion of coal and sewage sludge have advantages over some emissions parameters and improvement of thermal characteristics, but there are limiting factors for its large-scale use, especially regarding to the fuel feed which requiresinnovative methods to develop a product that combinesboth fuels. When it comes to environmental impact, the combined combustion of and coal with sewage sludge presents good opportunities for future research and technological applications to be explored. This review focuses on the combination of coal and sewage sludge, highlighting the possibilities and limitations of the co-combustion using them as fuel.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF A 2D TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEM USING GREEN´S FUNCTIONS
Authors: Oliveira J. R. F. , Santos Jr. J. A. dos , Nascimento J. G. do , Ribeiro S. S. , Oliveira G. C. , Costa G. R. , Guimarães G.
Published: September 2020

Through the present work the authors determined the analytical solution of a transient two-dimensional heat conduction problem using Green’s Functions (GF). This method is very useful for solving cases where heat conduction is transient and whose boundary conditions vary with time. Boundary conditions of the problem in question, with rectangular geometry, are of the prescribed temperature type - prescribed flow in the direction x and prescribed flow - prescribed flow in the direction y, implying in the corresponding GF given by GX21Y22. The initial temperature of the space domain is assumed to be different from the prescribed temperature occurring at one of the boundaries along x. The temperature field solution of the two-dimensional problem was determined. The intrinsic verification of this solution was made by comparing the solution of a 1D problem. This was to consider the incident heat fluxes at y = 0 and y = 2b tending to zero, thus making the problem one-dimensional, with corresponding GF given by GX21. When comparing the results obtained in both cases, for a time of t = 1 s, it was seen that the temperature field of both was very similar, which validates the solution obtained for the 2D problem.
STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPRESSIBLE BINARY PLANAR JETS
Authors: Mendonca M. T. , Vargas M. M.
Published: September 2020

The present work investigates the stability of compressible binary planar jets. Different from a homogeneous jet, where a single chemical species is present, the binary jet may have strong density gradients due to the choice of the chemical species considered in each stream. The goal is to identify the possible instability  modes for simple and co-flowing jets and investigate the effect of density gradients on the flow structure, growth rates, unstable frequency range and disturbance phase speed for each mode. The effect of species concentration on free shear layer stability has been reported previously in the literature, but detailed comparisons between stability modes and characteristics for a range of density ratios typical of oxygen and hydrogen mixtures as well as the identification of inner and outer sinuous and varicose modes are new. Linear stability theory is used to determine the stability characteristics of the different configurations. For the co-flowing jet four different modes are found, the inner and outer shear layers both have sinuous and varicose modes. Both for the sinuous and varicose modes the simple jet is more unstable when the fluid with the highest density is at the inner jet, with amplification rates twice as high as the lowest density ratio considered, but the range of unstable frequencies can be four times lower. The sinuous mode is less dispersive than the varicose and the disturbance speeds may vary by one order of magnitude with density ratio. For co-flowing jets the external mode is up to seven times more unstable, but this is due to the choice of the velocity ratio considered. For the inner mode the density gradient has a stabilizing effect regardless of which species is at the center. The co-flowing jet is more dispersive, except for the varicose inner mode. The variation of phase speed with density gradient is not as strong as in the simple jet. The ratio of larges to lower phase speeds are of the order of 2 for the co-flowing jet and 4 for the simple jet.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A VERTICAL THERMAL TANK
Authors: Moreira G. A. A. , Barbosa A. , Viana A. L. , Valle R. M.
Published: September 2020

In this study, the results obtained by the numerical simulation presented in this paper are compared with the results obtained experimentally by Oliveski (2000) for a vertical cylindrical thermal reservoir with internal diameter of 0.42m and internal height of 0.57m (79L). In the simulation using Ansys software, for the same parameters of the problem, a study to evaluate the degree of mesh refinement was performed based on the methodology used by Adolfo (2015). The boundary conditions adopted were: Flow: Transient; Buoyancy Model: Boussinesq Approximation; Step of time used: 1s; Wall Condition: Top Non slip / adiabatic; Base: h = 06 [Wm ^ 2 / K]; Lateral: h = 10 [Wm ^ 2 / K]; Initial tank conditions: Null velocity field and initial temperature of approximately 355.15 K. Total simulated flow time: 18,000 s. For the external temperature, contour condition used in the simulation, the ambient temperature was used as a function of time through the graph provided by Oliveski. Three meshes were compared based on the methodology used by Adolfo (2015) in his studies. These have 1,512,143 and 7,997,663, 851,837 and 4,379,079, 271,898 and 1,308,368, number of nodes and elements, respectively. For the turbulence model adopted, the SST (Shear Stress Transport) model was used. The simulations took approximately 58 days to complete. The residue sought in the iterations was at least 0.001, with a maximum of 100 iterations for each time step. For the behavior of the temperature field in the tank over time the formation of the stratified temperature profile was observed, as described in Oliveski's work, and also that the thermal stratification occurs only in the lower region and that in the upper region the water becomes temperature is almost constant. In terms of mean temperature in the tank, the simulation is very close to the results shown by Savicki (2007). However, in terms of temperature profile along the height of the tank, this behavior is shown to be different. Another fact is that the height of the thermocline found in this simulation was considerably higher than that shown in the Savicki simulation. Therefore, the results obtained were validated with the experimental results presented by Oliveski and the numerical results presented by Savicki. It has been confirmed that the mesh with the second refinement level is already sufficiently capable of generating satisfactory results.
Mental Health Concerns of Frontline Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , Jegathesan Thivia , Vimaleswaran Dharshie , Sritharan Ashvinie
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES: The current COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on the mental health of frontline workers worldwide. Currently there are limited published studies addressing mental health issues in frontline workers. The objective of this scoping review is to examine the range of existing global literature on mental health issues reported in frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand what mitigating factors exist.

METHODS: The scoping review was guided by the Levac Colquhoun and O’Brien’s adapted version of Arkey and O’Malley’s framework. We performed a comprehensive search of three databases, Pubmed, APA PsychINFO, and CINAHL, identifying 684 studies. In total, 16 original studies and 4 letters to editors were included in this review.

RESULTS: Of the original studies, 13 were published in China, and the remaining 3 in Italy, Turkey, and Iraq; all letters to editors were published in China. Sources of stress reported in frontline workers across studies included direct contact with COVID-19 patients, isolation, putting loved ones at risk, facing life and death decision making with COVID-19 patients, uncertainty with COVID-19 disease control, limited personal protective equipment, time spent thinking about COVID-19, limited staff/resources/pay, burnout, and stigma. Mental health symptoms and outcomes reported in frontline workers were fear, stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, burnout, and psychological distress.

CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate the immediate need to increase mental health awareness and resources at an individual and system wide level. Mental health programs need to be catered towards each unique workplace to provide the necessary resources for frontline workers.
Asymmetric Information on the Market for Energy Efficiency: Insights from the Credence Goods Literature
Authors: Lanz Bruno , Reins Evert
Published: September 2020

Asymmetric information is an important barrier to the adoption of energy efficient technologies. In this paper, we study supply-side implications of the associated incentive structure. We build on existing evidence that, in some settings, energy efficiency owns a credence component, whereby the supply side of the market has more information about what technology is best for consumers. The literature on credence goods markets suggests that an information advantage by expert-sellers leads to market inefficiencies, including low trade volume. We start by developing a simple framework to study supply-side incentives related to the provision of energy efficient technologies. We then document inefficiencies and potential remedies by discussing linkages between an empirical literature on credence goods and that on the market for energy efficiency. Doing so, we identify implications for the design of policies promoting the adoption of energy-efficient technologies.
Global Oil Export Destination Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jia Haiying , Adland Roar , Wang Yuchen
Published: September 2020

We use classification methods from machine learning to predict the destination of global crude oil exports by utilising micro-level crude oil shipment data that incorporates attributes related to the contract, cargo specifications, vessel specifications and macroeconomic conditions. The results show that micro-level information about the oil shipment such as quality and cargo size dominates in the destination prediction. We contribute to the academic literature by providing the first machine learning application to oil shipment data, and by providing new knowledge on the determinants of global crude oil flows. The machine-learning models used to predict the importing country can reach an accuracy of above 71% for the major oil exporting countries based on out-of-sample tests and outperform both naive models and discrete regression models.
Impact of Energy Market Distortions on the Productivity of Energy Enterprises in China
Authors: Du Weijian , Li Mengjie , Li Ke , Lin Jiang
Published: September 2020

China aims to enhance its total factor productivity (TFP) to achieve sustainable development. However, the looming energy market reform and its accompanying energy distortions prevent the realization of this ambitious goal. This study first establishes a theoretical model to reveal the inhibitory effects of energy market distortions on the TFP of energy enterprises, and we examine this issue using the micro-data of Chinese energy enterprises. The empirical results indicate that relative distortions among energy enterprises and overall distortions in different regions significantly inhibit the promotion of energy enterprises TFP, but the marginal inhibitory effects are diminishing. Energy market distortions also inhibit enterprises’ entry and accelerate enterprises’ exit from the energy market. Thus, eliminating inappropriate interventions in micro-energy enterprises, establishing a unified national energy market, and improving the competitive environment of energy companies are of great theoretical and policy importance.
Process optimization for amylase production of Bacillus subtilis M4 mutant strain
Authors: B Naramchimeg , Kh Altantsetseg , B Urantulkhuur
Published: September 2020

There are many factors that influence the character of bacterial metabolism and enzyme production.For themaximum production of the desired products, the media components and fermentation conditions should beoptimized. In our investigation, we improved the amylase production of Bacillus subtilis M4 mutant strain bythe combination of two optimization techniques. The cultural conditions (time period, temperature, pH,inoculum volume) and medium ingredients (various carbon, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, carbonates) were optimized by one factor at a time methodology (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) to increase the amylase production. The optimum conditions for amylase production were found be the following: 35ºC, pH range 7 and incubation time 72h, inoculum volume 8% (v/v). Optimum medium composition for amylase production was the following: starch 12.9 g, peptone 9.75g, calcium carbonate 0.439 g, magnesium sulfate 0.464 g and potassium chloride 0.464 g per liter. Whenapplied to our optimized medium in the fermentation process, the enzyme activity increased from 0.741 to1.58 U/ml, which means a 2.1-fold increase compared to the original medium.