bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Curvelet Based Semi-Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Effective and Intelligent Tampering Classification and Recovery of Digital Images
Authors: Chetan K R , Nirmala S
Published: January 2018

A novel adaptive semi-fragile watermarking scheme for tamper detection and recovery of digital images is proposed in this paper. This scheme involves embedding of content and chroma watermarks generated from the first level Discrete Curvelet Transform (DCLT) coarse coefficients. Embedding is performed by quantizing the first level coarse DCLT coefficients of the input image and amount of quantization is intelligently decided based on the energy contribution of the coefficients. During watermark extraction, a tampered matrix is generated by comparing the feature similarity index value between each block of extracted and generated watermarks. The tampered objects are subsequently identified and an intelligent report is formed based on their severity classes. The recovery of the tampered objects is performed using the generated DCLT coefficients from luminance and chrominance components of the watermarked image. Results reveal that the proposed method outperforms existing method in terms of tamper detection and recovery of digital images.
Random Search Based Efficient Chaotic Substitution Box Design for Image Encryption
Authors: Ahmad Musheer , Ahmad Zishan
Published: January 2018

Cryptographic Substitution-boxes are source of nonlinearity in modern block encryption systems. The robustness and confusion imparted through these systems heavily rely on the strength of their S-boxes. This brings new challenges to design cryptographically potent S-boxes to develop strong encryption systems. In this paper, an effective method to design efficient 8×8 S-box is proposed. The design methodology incorporates piece-wise linear chaotic map based random search. The S-box obtained by the proposed methodology is tested against standard statistical tests like bijective property, strict avalanche criteria, nonlinearity, differential uniformity, bits independent criteria, and linear approximation probability, revealing its outstanding performance. The proposed S-box is compared with some recent chaos-based 8×8 S-boxes. Moreover, the proposed S-box is applied to encrypt plain-image with proposed S-box transformation to unveil and highlight its inherent great encryption strength. The results confirm that the design is consistent and suitable for building strong encryption systems for secure communication.
The Impact of Firm Characteristics and IT Governance on IT Material Weaknesses
Authors: Zhang Peiqin , Zhao Kexin , Kumar Ram L.
Published: January 2018

Accurate and timely reporting of organizational performance is becoming increasingly important and highly regulated. However, organizations face a variety of challenges in seeking to provide accurate and reliable information due to the existence of IT control problems. Hence it is important for end users including auditors and managers to understand how to manage IT material weaknesses (ITMWs). While there is extensive accounting research on general material weaknesses (MWs), ITMWs are under researched. This article identifies key firm characteristics that appear to be related to ITMWs. In addition, the authors suggest that IT governance may help firms mitigate such problems. To gain a deeper understanding of IT governance effects, this article proposes a model which includes an innovative construct, ITGOV, operationalized using secondary data. The authors empirically validate the proposed model based on a data set of 1,112 firms. Their study illustrates the differences between ITMWs and general MWs. These results can also help end users computing by offering insights into better management of ITMWs.
Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conversions
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: January 2018

This report lists approximate hardness conversion values; test methods for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Shore Hardness; and information regarding surface preparation, specimen thickness, effect of curved surfaces, and recommendations for Rockwell surface hardness testing for case hardened parts.

The tables in this report give the approximate relationship of Vickers Brinell, Rockwell, and Scleroscope hardness values and corresponding approximate tensile strengths of steels. It is impossible to give exact relationships because of the inevitable influence of size, mass, composition, and method of heat treatment. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel composition, heat treatment, and part.

The accompanying conversion tables for steel hardness numbers are based on extensive tests on carbon and alloy steels, mostly in the heat treated condition, but have been found to be reliable on practically all constructional alloy steels and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions, provided they are homogeneous. Such special cases as high manganese steel, 18% chromium— 8% nickel steel and other austenitic steels, and nickel base alloys, as well as constructional alloy steels and tool steels in the cold worked condition, may not conform to the relationships given with the same degree of accuracy as the steels for which the tables are intended.

All numbers in these tables given in bold face type were prepared jointly by the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Society for Metals, and SAE from carefully checked data. The values given in regular face type were taken from the Army-Navy Approximate Hardness Tensile Strength Relationship of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels (ANQQ-H-201) published in the 1943 SAE Handbook, with only minor adjustments.
The American Association for Agricultural Education: Our Powerful Professional Organization Made up of Remarkable Faculty Members
Authors: Thompson Gregory
Published: January 2018

Dr. Gregory Thompson presented the 2015 AAAE Distinguished Lecture at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Agricultural Education in San Antonio, Texas in May, 2015. The article is a philosophical work based upon the author’s experiences in the agricultural education profession.
Ways of Knowing, Sharing, and Translating Agricultural Knowledge and Perspectives: Alternative Epistemologies across Non-formal and Informal Settings
Authors: Mars Matthew M. , Ball Anna L.
Published: January 2018

The mainstream agricultural literacy movement has been mostly focused on school-based learning through formal curricula and standardized non-formal models (e.g., FFA, 4-H). The purpose of the current study is to qualitatively explore through a grounded theory approach, the development, sharing, and translation of diverse forms of agricultural knowledge and perspectives among adult learners within informal and non-formal learning settings. Data collected through interviews with and naturalistic observation of agricultural practitioners with diverse personal and professional backgrounds are used to guide the development of a holistic agricultural epistemology framework. Based on this framework, we argue the scope of the agricultural literacy movement should be expanded to better account for more diverse sets of learners (e.g., adults), worldviews (e.g., local food production and consumption), and curricular models and settings (e.g., informal and nonformal).
Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Agricultural Science and Extension Teachers in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Olugbenga Omotayo
Published: January 2018

This study examined adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by agricultural science and extension teachers in Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives are to: identify the background and demographic characteristics of agricultural science and extension teachers in the study area; examine the factors influencing adoption of ICTs by respondents and determine the challenges or constraints militating against adoption of ICTs by respondents in the study area. Data were collected from 60 purposively selected agricultural science and extension teachers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics SPSS 19.0, Likert scale, t-test and Logit model. Ages, teachers’ experience, access to ICTs were significant factors influencing adoption of ICTs by respondents at 1% probability level. Teachers’ attitude, teachers’ awareness significantly influences adoption of ICTs by respondents at 5% probability level. Word processors are perceived useful in setting tests and examination question papers, while, photocopy machine was perceived ease to use to make copies of teaching materials. Access to appropriate ICTs equipment and lack of infrastructure such as irregular electricity supply are the major challenges. The study recommends easy access, awareness and use of ICTs by instructors and regular supply of electricity to improve and stimulates adoption of ICTs by respondents.
An Appreciative Inquiry Approach to Evaluating Culture, Structure, and Power in Agricultural Teacher Education Program Reform
Authors: Anderson James C. , Thorson Candi J. , Kelinsky Lia R.
Published: January 2018

This case study outlines an appreciative inquiry approach to program reform using an agricultural teacher education program at a land-grant university that had begun to suffer from a large decline in student enrollment. Documents were analyzed that provided recommendations toward a master plan for reform made by 23 key agents based on their evaluation of culture, structure, and power within the existing program. The key agents were identified using a conceptual model called the Agricultural Education Networked Learning Circle for Teacher Preparation (AENLC). The documents outlined recommendations in five areas: 1) faculty recruitment and retention; 2) courses and curriculum; 3) certification options; 4) student professional development; and 5) student recruitment. The recommendations were consistent with the literature and the study provided empirical evidence on the practicality of using appreciative inquiry and the conceptual model in creating and leveraging social capital toward teacher education program reform or renewal.
Student-to-Student Interaction in Distance Education Classes: What Do Graduate Students Want?
Authors: Moore Gary E. , Warner Wendy J. , Jones David W. W.
Published: January 2018

This research sought to determine if graduate students taking distance education classes desire student-to-student interaction. Over 200 graduate students who completed one or more distance education graduate classes in agricultural and extension education from North Carolina State University during the past three years were surveyed. While some students desired student-to-student interaction, the majority of the respondents do not particularly like or want student-to-student interaction. When various sub-groups of the population (disaggregated by gender, personality type, age, work status, and student status) were examined, the results were the same. None of the sub-groups embraced student-to-student interaction in distance education classes.
The Benefits of FFA Membership as Part of Agricultural Education
Authors: Rose Chelsea , Stephens Carrie A. , Stripling Christopher , Cross Tim , Sanok Danielle E. , Brawner Shelby
Published: January 2018

The study sought to identify the benefits of FFA membership based on the fulfillment of three basic human needs: love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The study focused on the fulfillment of FFA members’ basic human needs as defined by Abraham Maslow. The three needs on which this study focused are: love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The study found a majority of FFA members’ three basic human needs are met due to their involvement in career development events, leadership positions, and other FFA activities. Of all research questions, the highest concentration of members claimed to have a more enjoyable high school experience as a result of their membership in the FFA. Future research should focus on determining how the FFA improves the high school experience. This research could be helpful to other career and technical education organizations and future success within the FFA. Moreover, linking the relevance of meeting Maslow’s basic human needs with active participation in student organizations could assist teachers and program advisors as they recruit and retain members.
Using the Tuning Protocol to Generate Peer Feedback During Student Teaching Lesson Plan Development
Authors: Paulsen Thomas H. , Clark Taylorann K. , Anderson Ryan G.
Published: January 2018

Self-adequacy during the student teaching experience is high on the list of concerns expressed by student teachers (Fritz & Miller, 2003; Ng, Nicholas, & Williams, 2010). That factor, in combination with others, determines student teachers’ goals and sparks their motivation to engage in effective instructional planning (Baylor & Kitsantas, 2005). The purpose of this study was to determine student teachers’ perceptions of the use of the tuning protocol, a formalized process of reflective practice and peer review (Allen & McDonald, 1993; Easton, 2009), to revise lesson plans. When open coding was used to analyze student teachers’ perceptions, four themes emerged: benefits, drawbacks, structure of the tuning protocol, and recommendations for future use. The majority of student teachers were satisfied with the outcomes of the tuning protocol review process and planned to use it in their professional careers. Recommendations for use of the tuning protocol in various stages of the teacher education program are presented.
Influence of Knowledge of Content and Students on Beginning Agriculture Teachers’ Approaches to Teaching Content
Authors: Rice Amber H. , Kitchel Tracy
Published: January 2018

This study explored experiences of beginning agriculture teachers’ approaches to teaching content. The research question guiding the study was: how does agriculture teachers’ knowledge of content and students influence their process of breaking down content knowledge for teaching? The researchers employed a grounded theory approach in which five beginning teachers were interviewed and observed teaching a lesson. The researchers found beginning teachers’ knowledge of content and students greatly influenced how they broke down content knowledge for student understanding. Five major themes emerged: students’ prior knowledge and enrollment in sequences of courses influenced content covered, student engagement methods were not primarily driven by content, differing perceptions of content difficulty for students shaped teaching decisions, deconstructing content for students was deemed important by teachers, and teachers engaged in a form of learning egocentrism. These findings support further research on teachers’ development of pedagogical content knowledge, including knowledge of content and students overtime as it was found to be an influential knowledge base. Recommendations include providing teachers with more opportunities to explore integrating student’s prior knowledge into the curriculum and incorporating student thinking about agriculture content more specifically in teacher preparation.
A National Study of Work-Family Balance and Job Satisfaction among Agriculture Teachers
Authors: Sorensen Tyson J. , McKim Aaron J. , Velez Jonathan J.
Published: January 2018

This national study sought to extend previous research on the work-family balance (WFB) ability of secondary school agriculture teachers. We utilized data from a simple random sample of agriculture teachers to explore the relationships between work and family characteristics, WFB ability, and job satisfaction. Work role characteristics of interest included weekly work hours, years of teaching experience, and average number of students per class. Family role characteristics included marital status and number of children. Additionally, we considered the influence of other life roles on WFB ability. The number of weekly work hours and being married were significant, negative predictors of WFB ability, while years of teaching experience, average number of students per class, other life roles, and number of children were not statistically significant. In total, work and non-work characteristics accounted for 19% of the variance in the WFB ability of secondary school agriculture teachers. Additionally, teachers in this study reported only moderate levels of WFB ability and job satisfaction. Finally, a significant, positive relationship between WFB ability and job satisfaction was identified. The findings from this research are discussed using the conservation of resources theory, with recommendations and implications highlighted for the agriculture teaching profession.
Role of the Agricultural Industry and Judging Events in Formation of the Future Farmers of America
Authors: Tummons John D. , Simonsen Jon C. , Martin Michael J.
Published: January 2018

Early agricultural education included youth judging activities, in which farm boys matched skills with students from neighboring schools. In 1925, students competed in a National Dairy Judging Contest in Indianapolis held specifically for vocational students. Based on the success of this contest, the Federal Board for Vocational Education requested the contest committee make arrangements for hosting a national livestock judging contest for vocational students the next year. Representatives from the American Royal Livestock Show agreed to provide a livestock judging contest and educational program specifically for vocational students. In 1926, students from 22 states converged in Kansas City, Missouri to compete in the first National Livestock Judging Contest. Cooperation between Kansas City agribusiness leaders, the Kansas City Star, and the U.S. Department of Education staff led to the development of a National Congress of Vocational Agriculture Students, consisting of agricultural youth showing and judging at the American Royal. The congress played a substantial role in the formation of the Future Farmers of America and shaped many traditions still practiced by the organization today. Authors explore the traditions of judging events and industry sponsorships in the context of today’s National FFA Organization.
The Effect of Social Media on University Students' Perceptions of the Beef Industry
Authors: Howard Michelle , Stephens Carrie A. , Stripling Christopher T. , Brawner Shelby , Loveday H. Dwight
Published: January 2018

Social media is known for having the ability to rapidly disseminate information and university students now receive the majority of information about agriculture through social media platforms rather than through first-hand experience. In order to understand the impact of social media on university students related to the beef industry, a study of 300 students at the University of Tennessee were selected to participate. The purpose of this study was to describe media usage and impacts on students at the University of Tennessee. Results showed students perceived social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter, to be relatively trustworthy; agreed that the beef industry supplied safe products to consumers but they are very concerned with food safety and relatively concerned to very concerned with having access to information about the beef supply. One recommendation made was industry communicators should consider current industry representation on social media and identify ways to proactively supply information to university students.
An investigation of the ionospheric F-region near the EIA crest in India using OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm nightglow observations
Authors: Parihar Navin , Radicella Sandro M. , Nava Bruno , Orue Yenca Olivia Migoya , Tiwari Prabhakar , Singh Rajesh
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Simultaneous observations of OI 777.4 nm and OI 630.0 nm nightglow emissions were carried at a low latitude station, Allahabad (25.5º N, 81.9º E, geomag. lat. ~16.30º N), located near the crest of Appleton anomaly in India during September–December 2009. This study attempts to examine the behaviour of the F region of ionosphere using airglow derived parameters. Using an empirical approach put forward by Makela et al. (2001), firstly, we propose a novel technique to calibrate OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm emission intensities using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate/Formosa Satellite Mission 3 (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) electron density profiles. Next, electron density maximum (Nm) and its height (hmF2) of the F-layer have been derived from the information of two calibrated intensities. Nightglow derived Nm and hmF2 were in reasonable agreement with few measurements reported earlier. Nm and hmF2 were used to study the behaviour of the F-region over Allahabad on the limited number of nights. Nocturnal variation of Nm showed the signatures of the retreat of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and mid-night temperature maximum (MTM) phenomenon that are usually observed in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. Signatures of gravity waves having period in the range of 0.7–3.0 h were also seen in Nm and hmF2 variations. Sample Nm and hmF2 maps have also been generated to show the usefulness of this technique in studying the ionospheric processes.
Programmed cell death in diazotrophs and the fate of organic matter in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean during the OUTPACE cruise
Authors: Spungin Dina , Belkin Natalia , Foster Rachel , Stenegren Marcus , Caputo Andrea , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Leblond Nathalie , Dupouy Cecile , Bonnet Sophie , Berman-Frank Ilana
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The fate of diazotroph (N2 fixers) derived carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and their contribution to vertical export of C and N in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean was studied in OUTPACE (Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment). Our specific objective during OUTPACE was to determine whether autocatalytic programmed cell death (PCD) is an important mechanism affecting diazotroph mortality and a factor regulating the vertical flux of organic matter and thus the fate of the blooms. We sampled at three long duration (LD) stations of 5 days each (LDA, LDB, and LDC) where drifting sediment traps were deployed at 150, 325 and 500 m depths. LDA and LDB were characterized by high chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations (0.2–0.6 µg L−1) and dominated by dense biomass of Trichodesmium as well as UCYN-B and diatom-diazotroph associations (Rhizosolenia with Richelia-detected by microscopy and het-1 nifH copies). Station LDC was located at an ultra-oligotrophic area of the South Pacific gyre with extremely low Chl a concentration (~ 0.02 µg L−1) with limited biomass of diazotrophs predominantly the unicellular UCYN-B. Our measurements of biomass from LDA and LDB yielded high activities of caspase-like and metacaspase proteases that are indicative of PCD in Trichodesmium and other phytoplankton. Metacaspase activity, reported here for the first time from oceanic populations, was highest at the surface of both LDA and LDB, where we also obtained high concentrations of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP). TEP was negatively correlated with dissolved inorganic phosphorus and positively coupled to both the DOC and POC pools reflecting the typically high production of TEP under nutrient stress and its role as a source of sticky carbon facilitating aggregation and rapid vertical sinking. Evidence for bloom decline was observed at both LDA and LDB. However, the physiological status and rates of decline of the blooms differed between the stations, influencing the amount of accumulated diazotrophic organic matter and mass flux observed in the traps during our experimental time frame. At LDA sediment traps contained the greatest export of particulate matter and significant numbers of both intact and decaying Trichodesmium, UCYN-B, and het-1 compared to LDB where the bloom decline began only 2 days prior to leaving the station and to LDC where no evidence for bloom decline was seen. Substantiating previous findings from laboratory cultures linking PCD to carbon export in Trichodesmium, our results from OUTPACE indicate that induction of PCD by nutrient limitation in high biomass blooms such as Trichodesmium or diatom-diazotroph associations combined with high TEP production facilitates cellular aggregation and bloom termination, and expedites vertical flux to depth.
What Fraction of the Pacific and Indian Oceans' Deep Water is formed in the North Atlantic?
Authors: Rae James W. B. , Broecker Wally
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in Indian and Pacific Oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO4* we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions are close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean.
The Raam regional soil moisture monitoring network in the Netherlands
Authors: Benninga Harm-Jan F. , Carranza Coleen D. U. , Pezij Michiel , van Santen Pim , van der Ploeg Martine J. , Augustijn Denie C. M. , van der Velde Rogier
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We have established a soil moisture profile monitoring network in the Raam region in the Netherlands. This region faces water shortages during summers and excess of water during winters and after extreme precipitation events. Water management can benefit from reliable information on the soil water availability and water storing capacity in the unsaturated zone. In situ measurements provide a direct source of information on which water managers can base their decisions. Moreover, these measurements are commonly used as a reference for the calibration and validation of soil moisture content products derived from earth observations or obtained by model simulations. Distributed over the Raam region, we have equipped 14 agricultural fields and 1 natural grass field with soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring instrumentation, consisting of Decagon 5TM sensors installed at depths of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 cm. In total, 12 stations are located within the Raam catchment (catchment area of 223 km2), and 5 of these stations are located within the closed sub-catchment Hooge Raam (catchment area of 41 km2). Soil-specific calibration functions that have been developed for the 5TM sensors under laboratory conditions lead to an accuracy of 0.02 m3 m−3. The first set of measurements has been retrieved for the period 5 April 2016–4 April 2017. In this paper, we describe the Raam monitoring network and instrumentation, the soil-specific calibration of the sensors, the first year of measurements, and additional measurements (soil temperature, phreatic groundwater levels and meteorological data) and information (elevation, soil physical characteristics, land cover and a geohydrological model) available for performing scientific research. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:dc364e97-d44a-403f-82a7-121902deeb56.
Saving Space With UN-Authorized Acts: Questioning the Authority of the United Nations to Oversee Humankind’s Exploration and Development of Outer Space
Authors: Svonavec Hannah
Published: January 2018

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What Is To Be Done about Resource Nationalism?: The Case of Oyu Tolgoi
Authors: Dashnyam Batkhuu
Published: January 2018

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Factores de motivación para alcanzar la graduación en los estudiantes de la Carrera de Filología y Comunicación de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua en el periodo 2014-2015
Authors: Prado Cuarezma Milán
Published: January 2018

El  presente  trabajo  de  investigación  tiene  como  objetivo analizar los factores de motivación para alcanzar la graduación en los estudiantes de la carrera de Filología y Comunicación de la UNAN Managua durante el periodo de 2014 – 2015. El enfoque  utilizado  es  el constructivista con base a la descripción de los factores de motivación interna y motivación externa relacionados con la toma de decisión por la modalidad de graduación elegida para titularse de la carrera de Filología y Comunicación en la UNAN-Managua, al igual que el grado de asociación de las metas vinculadas a la investigación, la autovaloración personal, el reconocimiento social y la obtención de recompensas externas respecto a la motivación para conseguir tal fin. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante las técnicas del grupo focal, dirigidas a estudiantes involucrados en dicho proceso, de igual manera, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada que determinó asociación entre la motivación interna y motivación externa con el logro por licenciarse en Filología y Comunicación.  Entre  los  principales hallazgos  encontrados  se tiene que, las metas relacionadas con la consecución de recompensa externa, los estudiantes de la carrera de Filología y Comunicación persiguen específicamente: Ayudar económicamente a sus familias, conseguir cualquier empleo rápidamente, y porque quieren llevar un nivel de vida cómoda posterior a graduarse, lo que sugiere que en comparación con las metas derivadas de la Motivación interna, tienen mayor peso aquellas que ocasionan algún tipo de recompensa proveniente del entorno social y laboral.
Complex variational calculus with mean of (min, +)-analysis
Authors: Gondran Michel , Kenoufi Abdelouahab , Gondran Alexandre
Published: January 2018

One develops a new mathematical tool, the complex (min, +)-analysis which permits to define a new variational calculus analogous to the classical one (Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton Jacobi equations), but which is well-suited for functions defined from C^n to C. We apply this complex variational calculus to Born-Infeld theory of electromagnetism and show why it does not exhibit nonlinear effects.
7 ejemplos de intervención basada en redes
Authors: Maya Jariego Isidro , Holgado Ramos Daniel
Published: January 2018

El análisis de redes sociales resulta efectivo en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de intervenciones comunitarias. En este artículo mostramos, a través de diferentes ejemplos, cómo las redes sociales se han utilizado con éxito para poner en marcha procesos de influencia social, segmentar grupos y comunidades, promover el intercambio de apoyo social, coordinar organizaciones comunitarias, y facilitar la colaboración entre los participantes o los profesionales durante la aplicación de programas. El artículo se estructura en siete casos de aplicación de las redes en la intervención comunitaria: (1) la selección de jóvenes agentes de salud para desarrollar una campaña de prevención, (2) la división de una comunidad en subgrupos para interrumpir procesos de contagio, (3) la coordinación de entidades públicas y privadas que dan servicios a población inmigrante, (4) el diagnóstico participativo de necesidades en comunidades rurales y en organizaciones, (5) la interacción en grupos de auto-ayuda online de cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer, (6) la evaluación de los factores de riesgos y protección a través de las redes personales, y (7) la coordinación entre los aplicadores de un programa de prevención de drogodependencias. La revisión pone de manifiesto la utilidad práctica de algunos indicadores de centralidad individuales, las estrategias para identificar agrupaciones y contextos de interacción, la evaluación de la multiplicidad del apoyo social, y la descripción de propiedades estructurales emergentes.
Ciberbullying: análisis comparativo entre menores de España y Francia = Cyberbullying: a comparative analysis between children in Spain and France
Authors: Cuesta Sáez de Tejada José David , Muñoz Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Izquierdo Rus Tomás
Published: January 2018

Resumen: Son muy numerosos los estudios en torno al fenómeno del bullying, sin embargo el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha provocado el afloramiento de un nuevo tipo de acoso entre menores, denominado cyberbullying. La variedad de métodos e instrumentos de recogida de información utilizados en el estudio del ciberacoso conlleva que las experiencias llevadas a cabo en diferentes sociedades no sean equiparables entre sí. Se comparan, mediante la técnica de encuesta, las dinámicas de ciberacoso de la sociedad española y la sociedad francesa. La muestra está formada por 627 escolares de centros educativos de ambos países, cuyas edades están comprendidas entre los 10 y los 16 años. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el número de individuos implicados en actos de ciberacoso es superior en España que en Francia, y que las características de este tipo de acoso entre menores son diferentes en ambos países.Abstract: Numerous studies have been done about the phenomenon of bullying. However, the development of new information and communication technologies (ICT) has caused the upwelling of a new kind of bullying among children, called cyberbullying. The variety of methods and tools for collecting information used in the study of cyberbullying implies that the experiences, carried out in different societies, are not comparable to each other. Cyberbullying dynamics of Spanish society and the French one are compared through surveys. 627 schoolchildren from schools in both countries have been surveyed, whose ages are between 10 and 16 years. The results show that the number of individuals involved in acts of cyberbullying is higher in Spain than in France, and that the characteristics of this kind of harassment among children are different in both countries.
Educación ante la muerte en personas mayores a través del análisis de la novela romántica "Sab" = Education in the death in major persons through the analysis of the romantic novel "Sab"
Authors: Kárpava Alena , Martínez Heredia Nazaret
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En la Educación Social, en el programa del Aula Permanente de Formación Abierta de la Universidad de Granada, no suele impartirse el análisis de obras literarias, desde la perspectiva de la Ciencia de la Filología. El análisis de novelas clásicas literarias puede ayudar a educar en la muerte, partiendo por el interés de la lectura y la reflexión crítica de la visión hacia lo leído y su aplicación práctica en la construcción de una nueva actitud y un nuevo modo de afrontar el tema de la muerte. En este artículo planteamos desde una visión interdisciplinar desde la Pedagogía Social y la Filología Hispánica un acercamiento hacia la muerte a través del análisis de la novela romántica Sab a través de la reflexión y la crítica a la libertad, al género y la muerte romántica en la sociedad decimonónica.Abstract: In the programme of the Opened Training at University of Granada, where the education would be given in the Death, there is not the habit of being given the analysis of literary works, from the perspective of the Philology Science. The analysis of classic literary novels can help to educate in the death, dividing for the interest of the reading and the critical strance of the vision towards the well-read thing in the construction of a new attitude and a new way of confronting the topic of the death. In this article we propose a contribution to interdiscipline, constructed to departing the Social Pedagogy and Hispanic Philology an approximation to the Education in the Death through the analysis of text of the romantic novel Sab, as tool of reflection the freedom, the genre and the romantic death, in the nineteenth-century society.
De la lutte contre les délais judiciaires à l’organisation d’une justice à deux vitesses : la gestion du rôle à la Régie du logement du Québec
Authors: Gallié Martin , Besner Louis-Simon
Published: January 2018

En prenant pour terrain le Québec et pour objet la mise au rôle du contentieux locatif, un des plus volumineux au Québec comme dans les sociétés occidentales en général, les auteurs interrogent les méthodes et les pratiques administratives mises en oeuvre pour réduire les délais judiciaires. Dans la lignée des travaux qui dénoncent l’introduction d’une « rationalité managériale » et d’une « gouvernance par les nombres » dans les administrations judiciaires, les auteurs défendent l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’analyse statistique qui organise la lutte contre les délais judiciaires occulte les contradictions et les inégalités sociales qui structurent la société. Cette méthode comptable, qui régule le travail judiciaire et qui fixe les cibles à atteindre en termes de performance, d’efficacité et de célérité des tribunaux, en arrive ainsi à masquer les enjeux sociaux, sanitaires et politiques du temps judiciaire. Elle contribuerait alors à produire et à reproduire les inégalités sociales en matière d’accès à la justice.
Getting rid of the Chi-square and Log-likelihood tests for analysing vocabulary differences between corpora
Authors: Bestgen Yves
Published: January 2018

Log-likelihood and Chi-square tests are probably the most popular statistical tests used in corpus linguistics, especially when the research is aiming to describe the lexical variations between corpora. However, because this specific use of the Chi-square test is not valid, it produces far too many significant results. This paper explains the source of the problem (i.e., the non-independence of the observations), the reasons for which the usual solutions are not acceptable and which kinds of statistical test should be used instead. A corpus analysis conducted on the lexical differences between American and British English is then reported, in order to demonstrate the problem and to confirm the adequacy of the proposed solution. The last section presents the commands that can be used with WordSmith Tools, a very popular software for corpus processing, to obtain the necessary data for the adequate tests, as well as a very easy-to-use procedure in R, a free and easy to install statistical software, that performs these tests.
THE IMPACT OF THE NON-PERFORMING LOANS TO BANKS’PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Jolevski Ljube
Published: January 2018

The paper investigates the relationship between non-performing loans and the basic indicators for banks’performance. The analysis was conducted among the banking sector in the Republic of Macedonia for the period 2007-2015. The share of non-performing loans in total loans is one of the basic indicators for the quality of the credit portfolio in banks. The analysis of the movement and the level of non-performing loans is of great importance for identifying possible problems in bank risk management as a whole. With the application of correlation and regression method, we confirmed the findings of the consequences of non-performing loans on the performance of banks. The results indicate that a large share of non-performing loans to total loans leads to deterioration in the financial and liquidity position. There is a weak negative correlation between the rate of capital adequacy and non-performing loans ratio and that requires further research.
Analysis of the level of satisfaction of road network users - case review of road section Koprivna – Modriča (r-465)
Authors: Subotić Marko , Tešić Milan , Vidović Nikica
Published: January 2018

The paper conducts a survey of satisfaction level of users of two lane road in regards to constructional-geometrical factors influencing unimpeded traffic and influence of human element during its maintenance. Establishing the satisfaction level of users of existing road network is the primary goal of the paper, through the definition of Level of Service of relevance for the analysis of traffic of interurban road network. The survey was conducted on the road section Koprivna – Modriča, regional road R-465 (Bušletić - Modriča). Using a questionnaire, the values of influence to the level of users’ satisfaction were established. Traffic infrastructure and elements of horizontal road signs have been identified as two main indicators giving negative grade to the level of satisfaction. The end of paper gives a review of measures for the improvement of existing conditions.
Scaling up DNA metabarcoding for freshwater macrozoobenthos monitoring
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Steinke Dirk
Published: January 2018

The viability of DNA metabarcoding for assessment of freshwater macrozoobenthos has been demonstrated over the past years. It matured to a stage where it can be applied to monitoring at a large scale, keeping pace with increased high throughput sequencing (HTS) capacity. However, workflows and sample tagging need to be optimized to accommodate for hundreds of samples within a single sequencing run. We here conceptualize a streamlined metabarcoding workflow, in which samples are processed in 96-well plates. Each sample is replicated starting with tissue extraction. Negative and positive controls are included to ensure data reliability. With our newly developed fusion primer sets for the BF2+BR2 primer pair up to three 96-well plates (288 wells) can be uniquely tagged for a single Illumina sequencing run. By including Illumina indices tagging can be extended to thousands of samples. We hope that our metabarcoding workflow will be used as a practical guide for future large-scale biodiversity assessments involving freshwater invertebrates. However, we also want to point out that this is just one approach, and that we hope this article will stimulate discussion and publication of alternatives and extensions.
Positive selection on human gamete-recognition genes
Authors: Hart Michael W. , Stover Daryn A. , Guerra Vanessa , Mozaffari Sahar V. , Ober Carole , Mugal Carina F. , Kaj Ingemar
Published: January 2018

Coevolution of genes that encode interacting proteins expressed on the surfaces of sperm and eggs can lead to variation in reproductive compatibility between mates and reproductive isolation between members of different species. Previous studies in mice and other mammals have focused in particular on evidence for positive or diversifying selection that shapes the evolution of genes that encode sperm-binding proteins expressed in the egg coat or zona pellucida (ZP). By fitting phylogenetic models of codon evolution to data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we identified candidate sites evolving under diversifying selection in the human genesZP3andZP2. We also identified one candidate site under positive selection inC4BPA, which encodes a repetitive protein similar to the mouse protein ZP3R that is expressed in the sperm head and binds to the ZP at fertilization. Results from several additional analyses that applied population genetic models to the same data were consistent with the hypothesis of selection on those candidate sites leading to coevolution of sperm- and egg-expressed genes. By contrast, we found no candidate sites under selection in a fourth gene (ZP1) that encodes an egg coat structural protein not directly involved in sperm binding. Finally, we found that two of the candidate sites (inC4BPAandZP2) were correlated with variation in family size and birth rate among Hutterite couples, and those two candidate sites were also in linkage disequilibrium in the same Hutterite study population. All of these lines of evidence are consistent with predictions from a previously proposed hypothesis of balancing selection on epistatic interactions betweenC4BPAandZP3at fertilization that lead to the evolution of co-adapted allele pairs. Such patterns also suggest specific molecular traits that may be associated with both natural reproductive variation and clinical infertility.
The new cultural history as a methodology proposed for research in the nursing history field / A nova história cultural como proposta metodológica para pesquisas no campo da história da enfermagem
Authors: Almeida Erika Bicalho , Da Silva Aline dos Santos , Figueiredo Julieta Brites , De Amorim Wellington Mendonça , Pellon Luiz Henrique Chad
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Discutir a utilização da Nova História Cultural como método para análise dos usos e costumes da enfermagem relacionados aos materiais impressos. Método: Pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa, a partir da reflexão sobre os avanços teórico-metodológicos defendidos pelo historiador Chartier no campo da História Cultural. Para estabelecer nexos entre a Nova História Cultural, proposta pelo historiador, e a História da Enfermagem foram levantadas 02 teses e 03 dissertações produzidas no Laboratório de Abordagens Científicas na História da Enfermagem- LACENF/UNIRIO. Resultado: Os estudos apontaram que a metodologia proposta por Chartier está pautada na íntima relação entre representações e os efeitos produzidos pelas suas apropriações. Conclusão: As diferentes formas que adquirem o texto impresso ganham status de documento-objeto para os estudos da história cultural por permitirem que se tornem presentes um objeto, conceito ou pessoa ausente mediante sua substituição por uma imagem, capaz de representá-los adequadamente.
Social representations of community health agents about prostate cancer / Representações sociais de agentes comunitários de saúde acerca do câncer de próstata
Authors: Dantas Sayonara Alves , Moura Samilla Gonçalves , Alburquerque Karla Fernandes , Gerônimo Valter Santos , Andrade Jennifer Herminio , Dantas Mariana Sousa
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: É analisar as representações sociais de agentes comunitários de saúde acerca do câncer de próstata. Métodos: È uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Utilizou-se um questionário, uma entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: sumarizaram categorias sobre prevenção, rastreamento, predisposição e assistência médica relacionada ao câncer de próstata. A prevenção sugere uma dimensão de conhecimento positiva. Conclusão: Contudo, houve uma representação estritamente biomédica. Os participantes devem se reconhecer como agentes ativos na promoção da saúde.
Speech of women on the experience the normal birth and cesarean section / Discurso de mulheres sobre a experiência do parto normal e da cesariana
Authors: Carneiro Ana Jaqueline Santiago , Santos Gleice Oliveira , Souza Zannety Conceição Silva Nascimento
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Compreender a vivência do parto normal e cesáreo por mulheres de Riachão do Jacuípe-Ba. Método: Pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo. Foram entrevistadas dez puérperas com idade maior ou igual a 20 anos. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semi-estruturada e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de discurso segundo Fiorin. Resultados: A análise indicou que o modelo tecnocrático de atenção ao parto vem influenciando a vivência das mulheres, tanto com relação ao parto normal quanto em relação à cesariana. Faltaram também orientações por parte dos profissionais que acompanharam o pré-natal das entrevistadas. Conclusão: Para que a mulher seja protagonista no parto, é preciso que ela esteja esclarecida sobre isso desde a gestação.