bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Melalui Program MSIB Batch 5 dalam Project Research Management di Telkom CorpU, PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Rayes Putri Rahmasari , Amryliana Septia , Nisdania Baiq Nori , Bunayya Putri Ayu
Published: April 2024

Program Magang & Studi Independen Bersertifikat (MSIB) mencerminkan langkah awal dalam memberikan pelatihan komprehensif kepada mahasiswa, memberi ruang bagi mereka untuk menjelajahi pembelajaran di luar fokus program studi perguruan tinggi. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan standar kualitas lulusan, serta mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi tantangan era industri 4.0 dan revolusi digital. PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, melalui Unit Telkom Corporate University Center (Telkom CorpU), menjadi salah satu mitra yang berkolaborasi dengan Kemendikbudristek, bersedia membuka peluang bagi mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan baru yang relevan dengan dunia kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi langsung dan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang menghasilkan data primer berupa hasil observasi peneliti selama mengikuti program MSIB Batch 5 ini. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara wfh selama lima bulan, dimulai dari tanggal 14 Agustus hingga 29 Desember 2023. Metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan mencakup Self Learning, disccus, dan assesment. Melalui Program Magang MSIB Batch 5 pada Project Research Management, mahasiswa berhasil mengembangkan sejumlah kompetensi krusial sesuai dengan chapter masing-masing pada Project Research Management. Program ini membekali mahasiswa dengan keterampilan yang sangat relevan dan beragam untuk sukses dalam mengelola proyek riset dan mengembangkan bisnis.
Quality analysis of herbal teabags as functional drink
Authors: Iriyani Dwi , Romadhoni Ita Fatkhur , Bahar Asrul
Published: April 2024

The potential for diversification of herbal drinks has increased along with a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to develop herbal drinks in the form of teabags that are practical and economical in terms of proportion and selling price. There were seven herbal tea samples tested with the proportion of spices such as mangosteen peel, ginger, lemongrass, kersen leaves, lime leaves (P1 = 1:1:1:1:1:1), (P2 = 1:2:1:1:1:1:1:1), (P3 = 1:1:2:1:1:1:1:1), (P4 = 1: 1:1:1:2:1:1:1:1), (P5 = 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1), (P6 = 1:1:1:1:1:2:1), and (P7 = 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:2) The hedonic test method was used to obtain the best results based on the quality of herbal tea with colour, aroma, and taste parameters. The sample respondents consisted of 100 MSME assistants. The results showed that the best results with the composition P3 = 1:1:2:1:1:1:1 in terms of aroma and flavour of herbal teabags. Meanwhile, in terms of the importance of herbal teabags, panelists considered the colour aspect to be the most important factor, followed by the taste and aroma of herbal teabags. Meanwhile, a selling price of IDR 12,500/pack was obtained. The results of this study indicate that herbal teabags can be accepted by the market so further research needs to be done related to chemical content tests.
Image classification system for COVID-19 patient X-Ray results using median filter with deep learning method
Authors: Yudianingsih  , Utari Evrita Lusiana , Munir Agus Qomaruddin , Mustiadi Ikhwan
Published: April 2024

An image is a representation of an object that is rewritten on a medium with specific values (intensity) and has x and y coordinates. X-ray images are one type of medical image that can be used to detect and study a disease. However, X-ray images can sometimes appear blurry, making interpretation a bit challenging. Furthermore, there is variation in X-ray attenuation between normal tissue and tissue affected by a disease. By using the median filter and implementing deep learning as a method for classifying images based on feature extraction and weights in artificial neural networks. The stages carried out include preprocessing, with training and testing, feature extraction using layers of artificial neural networks that have undergone the filtering process. Then, a custom classifier layer is created to train the classification of COVID and normal classes using data from bottleneck.npy. The results of training and testing yielded an average accuracy of 95%, while the F1 Score evaluation result was 0.9."
Development of ready-to-serve breadfruit cream soup for the elderly
Authors: Restiyani Fauziah , Fauziyah Riska Nurul , Sulistyawati Eko Yuliastuti Endah
Published: April 2024

The number of elderly people in 2022 is 10.48% of the total population in Indonesia. The health condition of the elderly is determined by the quality and quantity of nutritional intake. To obtain sufficient nutritional intake, commodities are needed that meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. One of the commodities that is rich in nutrition for the elderly is breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). Breadfruit cream is a processed product that is practical for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to make a ready-to-serve breadfruit cream soup for the elderly which is practical in serving and has nutritional content. The method used is trial and error to determine the formulation of breadfruit cream soup. Furthermore, the calculation of nutrient content in the breadfruit cream soup. The results of the study obtained a formula with energy content106 KCal. This energy content fulfills the 0,06% nutritional adequacy of the elderly.
Design of Environmental Detector System (EDS) application through industrial and vocational collaboration
Authors: Sundawa Bakti Viyata , Hutabarat Nicodemus Firman River , Nasution Tuti Adi Tama , Hulu Fitria Nova , Rusdi Muhammad , Roslina Roslina , Pranoto Heru , Suprianto Suprianto , Cholish Cholish , Putri Maharani , Napitu Daniel Halomoan Saragi , Haq Moh. Zainul
Published: April 2024

Politeknik Negeri Medan (POLMED) as a vocational institution and PT Berkat Solusi Teknik as a partner have the same responsibility to solve problems that exist in society. Problems in society related to pollution from industrial waste. This is due to many complaints from the public, NGO, and other organizations regarding environmental damage due to production and economic activities. Based on the problems above, this study is needed to detect and monitor environmental parameters such as CO2 level, lighting, noise, temperature, humidity, and measurement data that can be accessed and displayed in real-time via the internet. The implementation method is strengthening work organization, making EDS prototype brackets, design of an environmental detector system (EDS) prototype, prototype testing, MBKM internship, international conferences, monitoring and coordinating with partner, internal monitoring, and evaluation I and II, and preparation of final report. We innovate in the selection of components and the technology used. This collaboration is a symbiotic mutualism between POLMED and industry. The results are in average values, namely the density of dust particles is 1.418 µg/m3. Temperature 36.60oC. Humidity 53.82%RH. Light intensity 10,615 lux. These values above are still normal condition, and there is no pollution in campus. Especially for temperature and humidity. This condition above on the threshold.
Advancements in magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensors for point-of-care testing
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Jin Lian , Hang-Mei Leung Polly , Wang-Ngai Chow Franklin , Zhao Xiaoni , Chen Hui , Pan Wenjing , Liu Hongna , Li Song
Published: April 2024

The significance of point-of-care testing (POCT) in early clinical diagnosis and personalized patient care is increasingly recognized as a crucial tool in reducing disease outbreaks and improving patient survival rates. Within the realm of POCT, biosensors utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a subject of substantial interest. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current landscape of POCT, emphasizing its growing significance within clinical practice. Subsequently, the current status of the combination of MNPs in the Biological detection has been presented. Furthermore, it delves into the specific domain of MNP-based biosensors, assessing their potential impact on POCT. By combining existing research and spotlighting pivotal discoveries, this review enhances our comprehension of the advancements and promising prospects offered by MNP-based biosensors in the context of POCT. It seeks to facilitate informed decision-making among healthcare professionals and researchers while also promoting further exploration in this promising field of study.
Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies
Authors: Abdul Manap Aimi Syamima , Wisham Aini Athirah , Wong Fei Wen , Ahmad Najmi Huda Raihanah , Ng Zhi Fei , Diba Rubaiyat Siddique
Published: April 2024

Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system’s monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells’ evasion of the immune system and promoting cancer progression. Additionally, miRNAs also influence metastasis formation, including the establishment of metastatic sites and the transformation of tumor cells into migratory phenotypes. Specifically, dysregulated expression of these genes has been associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby facilitating tumor development. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the significance and function of miRNAs in breast cancer, focusing on their involvement as tumor suppressors in the antitumor immune response and as oncogenes in metastasis formation. Furthermore, miRNAs hold tremendous potential as targets for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate specific pathways that can either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. This perspective highlights the latest strategies developed for miRNA-based therapies.
Probing ligand conformation and net dimensionality in a series of tetraphenylethene-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Johnson Hannah M. , Hurlock Matthew J. , Lare Monipak F. , Forseth Lauren V. , Mosset Dylan M. , Li Jiahong , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2024

Tetraphenylethene-based ligands with lowered symmetry are promising building blocks for the construction of novel luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, few examples have been reported, and predicting the ligand conformation and the dimensionality of the resulting MOF remains challenging. In order to uncover how synthetic conditions and accessible ligand conformations may affect the resulting MOF structure, four new MOF structures were synthesized under solvothermal conditions using the meta-coordinated tetraphenylethene-based ligand m-ETTC and paddlewheel SBUs composed of Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). WSU-10 (WSU = Washington State University) is formed with either Zn or Cu comprising stacked psuedo-2D layers. The dimensionality of WSU-10 can be intentionally increased through the addition of pyrazine as a pillar ligand into the synthesis, forming the 3D structure WSU-11. The third structure, WSU-20, is formed by the combination of Zn or Co with m-ETTC and is intrinsically 3D without the use of a pillar ligand; interestingly, this is the result of a distortion in the paddlewheel SBU. Finally, Cu was also found to form a new structure (WSU-12), which displays an m-ETTC conformation unique from that found in the other isolated MOFs. Structural features are compared across the series and a mechanistic relationship between WSU-10 and -20 is proposed, providing insight into the factors that can encourage the generation of frameworks with increased dimensionality.
Survey of Rickettsia species in hematophagous arthropods from endemic areas for Japanese spotted fever in China
Authors: Tian Junhua , Liu Jing , Liu Jin , Lu Miao , Chen Xiaomin , Li Kun
Published: April 2024

Japanese spotted fever (JSF) is caused by Rickettsia japonica, mainly vectored by hard ticks. However, whether R. japonica can be transmitted by other arthropods remains unknown. Moreover, it is of interest to investigate whether other Rickettsia species cause spotted fever in endemic areas. In this study, a survey of Rickettsia species was performed in hematophagous arthropods (mosquitoes, tabanids, and ticks) from endemic areas for JSF in Hubei Province, central China. The results showed that the diversity and prevalence of Rickettsia species in mosquitoes are low, suggesting that mosquitoes may not be the vector of zoonotic Rickettsia species. A novel Rickettsia species showed a high prevalence (16.31%, 23/141) in tabanids and was named “Candidatus Rickettsia tabanidii.” It is closely related to Rickettsia from fleas and mosquitoes; however, its pathogenicity in humans needs further investigation. Five Rickettsia species were identified in ticks. Rickettsia japonica, the agent of JSF, was detected only in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Haemaphysalis hystricis, suggesting that they may be the major vectors of R. japonica. Notably, two novel species were identified in H. hystricis ticks, one belonging to the spotted fever group and the other potentially belonging to the ancestral group. The latter one named “Candidatus Rickettsia hubeiensis” may provide valuable insight into the evolutionary history of Rickettsia.
Climate impacts and adaptation strategies for coastal erosion, aquaculture, and tourism along the Adriatic side of Apulia region
Authors: Parete Giuseppe , Bruno Maria Francesca , Calabrese Pietro , Carlucci Roberto , Chiarulli Miriam , D'Onghia Gianfranco , Fiore Annunziata , Fratino Umberto , Longo Caterina , Longo Francesco , Scorrano Serena , Gentile Francesco
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the imperative need for adaptation strategies to climate impacts in coastal areas, particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. Under the Interreg project “AdriaClim,” our research aims to provide a comprehensive account of predicted climate impacts and corresponding adaptation measures for three key sectors for the coastal economy of the Puglia region (Southern Italy): coastal erosion, aquaculture, and tourism. Analyzing regional climate projections, predicted climatic anomalies for Apulia have been delineated. Together with a comprehensive description of the investigated sectors, the expected sectoral climate impacts have been identified. The respective adaptation measures for each sector have been evaluated in terms of coherence with the studied context and effectiveness, among those proposed in the literature. In aquaculture, climate change may influence ecosystem structure, functionality, production cycles, infrastructure, and organism physiology. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) emerges as a solution to enhance the resilience of Apulian aquatic production systems to climate change. For coastal tourism, the vulnerability to various climate impacts is emphasized. These impacts can directly influence tourist flows or indirectly alter the attractiveness of the Apulian Adriatic coast. Given the sector's strong ties to anthropic, natural, and cultural elements, a comprehensive adaptive approach proves most effective. Concerning coastal erosion, results underscore the prevalence of numerous stretches of eroding low coastline, with future projections indicating scenarios of widespread retreat along the southern Adriatic coast. Consequently, protective, and coastal management measures become imperative. The analyses and the obtained results serves as a valuable knowledge framework essential for formulating a climate change adaptation plan for the Apulian Adriatic coast, aligning with the regional authorities' orientations.
Nature-based approaches for increasing the use of solar energy in future power systems
Authors: Ustun Taha Selim
Published: April 2024

Graphical Abstract

Problems of energy systems solved by the nature.
Exploring disease-specific metabolite signatures in hereditary angioedema patients
Authors: Kanepa Adine , Fan Jingzhi , Rots Dmitrijs , Vaska Annija , Ansone Laura , Briviba Monta , Klovins Janis , Kurjane Natalja , Klavins Kristaps
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, life-threatening autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a deficient and/or dysfunctional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) (type 1 and type 2) leading to recurrent episodes of edema. This study aims to explore HAE patients’ metabolomic profiles and identify novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for HAE. The study also examined distinguishing HAE from idiopathic angioedema (AE).

Methods

Blood plasma samples from 10 HAE (types 1/2) patients, 15 patients with idiopathic AE, and 20 healthy controls were collected in Latvia and analyzed using LC-MS based targeted metabolomics workflow. T-test and fold change calculation were used to identify metabolites with significant differences between diseases and control groups. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate metabolite based classification model.

Results

A total of 33 metabolites were detected and quantified. The results showed that isovalerylcarnitine, cystine, and hydroxyproline were the most significantly altered metabolites between the disease and control groups. Aspartic acid was identified as a significant metabolite that could differentiate between HAE and idiopathic AE. The mathematical combination of metabolites (hydroxyproline * cystine)/(creatinine * isovalerylcarnitine) was identified as the diagnosis signature for HAE. Furthermore, glycine/asparagine ratio could differentiate between HAE and idiopathic AE.

Conclusion

Our study identified isovalerylcarnitine, cystine, and hydroxyproline as potential biomarkers for HAE diagnosis. Identifying new biomarkers may offer enhanced prospects for accurate, timely, and economical diagnosis of HAE, as well as tailored treatment selection for optimal patient care.
Vaccimel immunization is associated with enhanced response to treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in cutaneous melanoma patients - a case reports study
Authors: Mordoh José , Schwab Erika , Bravo Alicia Inés , Aris Mariana , Barrio María Marcela
Published: April 2024

Cancer vaccines are gaining ground as immunotherapy options. We have previously demonstrated in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients that adjuvant treatment with VACCIMEL, a mixture of four irradiated CM cell lines co-adjuvanted with BCG and GM-CSF, increases the cellular immune response to melanocyte differentiation antigens, cancer-testis antigens and neoantigens, with respect to basal levels. On the other hand, it is also known that treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), acting on pre-existing tumor-reactive lymphocytes, induces clinical responses in CM patients, albeit in a fraction of treated patients. A combination of both treatments would appear therefore desirable. In this paper, we describe CM patients who, having progressed even years after vaccination, were treated with anti-PD-1 MAbs. In 5/5 of such progressor patients, complete responses were obtained which lasted between 3 and 65+ months. Three of the patients remain disease-free and two recurred. One of the patients passed away after a recurrence of brain metastases. We suggest that clonally expanded reactive lymphocytes induced by VACCIMEL partially remain as memory cells, which may be recalled after tumor recurrence and may foster ulterior activity of anti-PD-1 MAbs.
The nature of chronic rejection after lung transplantation: a murine orthotopic lung transplant study
Authors: Heigl Tobias , Kaes Janne , Aelbrecht Celine , Serré Jef , Yamada Yoshito , Geudens Vincent , Van Herck Anke , Vanstapel Arno , Sacreas Annelore , Ordies Sofie , Frick Anna , Saez Gimenez Berta , Van Slambrouck Jan , Beeckmans Hanne , Acet Oztürk Nilüfer A. , Orlitova Michaela , Vaneylen Annemie , Claes Sandra , Schols Dominique , Vande Velde Greetje , Schupp Jonas , Kaminski Naftali , Boesch Markus , Korf Hannelie , van der Merwe Schalk , Dupont Lieven , Vanoirbeek Jeroen , Godinas Laurent , Van Raemdonck Dirk E. , Janssens Wim , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine , Ceulemans Laurens J. , McDonough John E. , Verbeken Erik K. , Vos Robin , Vanaudenaerde Bart M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Chronic rejection is a major complication post-transplantation. Within lung transplantation, chronic rejection was considered as airway centred. Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD), defined to cover all late chronic complications, makes it more difficult to understand chronic rejection from an immunological perspective. This study investigated the true nature, timing and location of chronic rejection as a whole, within mouse lung transplantation.

Methods

40 mice underwent an orthotopic left lung transplantation, were sacrificed at day 70 and evaluated by histology and in vivo µCT. For timing and location of rejection, extra grafts were sacrificed at day 7, 35, 56 and investigated by ex vivo µCT or single cell RNA (scRNA) profiling.

Results

Chronic rejection originated as innate inflammation around small arteries evolving toward adaptive organization with subsequent end-arterial fibrosis and obliterans. Subsequently, venous and pleural infiltration appeared, followed by airway related bronchiolar folding and rarely bronchiolitis obliterans was observed. Ex vivo µCT and scRNA profiling validated the time, location and sequence of events with endothelial destruction and activation as primary onset.

Conclusion

Against the current belief, chronic rejection in lung transplantation may start as an arterial response, followed by responses in venules, pleura, and, only in the late stage, bronchioles, as may be seen in some but not all patients with CLAD.
Durability life evaluation of marine infrastructures built by using carbonated recycled coarse aggregate concrete due to the chloride corrosive environment
Authors: Jiang Han , Wu Linjian , Guan Li , Liu Mingwei , Ju Xueli , Xiang Zhouyu , Jiang Xiaohui , Li Yingying , Long Jia
Published: April 2024

Due to the harsh marine environment of chloride ion invasion and corrosion, the issues of long-term chloride transport and durability life evaluation for marine infrastructures constructed/maintained by recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) after enhancement remain poorly understood. For our studies, an accelerated carbonation modification method for recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was adopted to prepare carbonated recycled coarse aggregate (CRCA) samples, and the macroproperties, i.e., apparent density and water absorption, of CRCA were enhanced by approximately 1.40-3.97% and 16.3-21.8%, respectively, compared with those of RCA. An in-door experiment for chloride transport into concrete specimens subjected to a simulated marine environment of alternating drying-wetting cycles was conducted. The chloride profiles and transport characteristics of carbonated recycled coarse aggregate concrete (CRCAC), recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC), and natural coarse aggregate concrete (NCAC) were analysed and compared. The results indicated that the chloride penetration depths and concentrations of CRCAC were approximately 52.6-96.2% of those of RCAC, which highlighted the better chloride resistance of CRCAC. A chloride transport model for marine concrete structures with various coarse aggregate types in a corrosive marine environment was established. Taking a certain harbour wharf as an example, the durability life of this case considering the application of the CRCAC was evaluated based on the chloride transport model, and the durability life of the CRCAC structure was improved by approximately 28.10% compared with that of the RCAC. The CRCAC developed in this paper has improved mechanical performance and durability than those of RCAC, and it has the potential to replace the NCAC and further support the construction and maintenance of marine infrastructures.
Inhibin B and antiMüllerian hormone as surrogate markers of fertility in male and female Crohn’s disease patients: a case-control study
Authors: Gutiérrez Ana , Muñoz-Pérez Roser , Zapater Pedro , Mira Cristina , Rodríguez Andrés , Sempere-Robles Laura , Torregrosa María Eugenia , Alfayate Rocio , Moreno-Torres Violeta , Bernal Lorena , Belén-Galipienso Olivia , Cameo Jose Ignacio , Sirera Paula , Herreros Belen , Bernabeu Puri , Moreno-Pérez Oscar , Madero-Velázquez Lucía
Published: April 2024

Background

Several studies suggest that women with Crohn disease (CD) have reduced fertility due to decreased ovarian reserve, among other causes. On the other hand, male CD patients could have difficulties conceiving. The present study aimed to test the effect of CD on both male and female fertility potential, Sertoli cell function and ovarian reserve, assessed by inhibin-B (IB) plus IB:FSH ratio (IFR) and antiMüllerian hormone (AMH), respectively. Sexual dysfunction (SD) was studied as secondary endpoint.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional, case–control study. Serum IB levels plus IFR were measured in 58 men with CD and compared to 25 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Serum AMH levels were measured in 50 women with CD and in 30 HC matched by age. SD was assessed by means of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIFE-15) in males and the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) in women.

Results

A total of 108 CD patients and 55 HC were included. IB serum levels were significantly lower in CD men than in HC (177 ± 58 vs. 234 ± 75 pg./mL, p = 0.001). IFR was also decreased in CD patients compared to HC (58.27 ± 59.5 vs. 91.35 ± 60.04, p = 0.014). Women with CD > 30 years had lower serum AMH levels compared to HC (1.15 ± 0.74 vs. 2.14 ± 1.68 ng/mL, p = 0.033). In addition, CD women >30 years presented a serum AMH < 2 ng/mL more frequently than HC (90% vs. 40%, p = 0.004). The prevalence of SD was significantly higher among both male and female CD patients compared to HC, without association to fertility potential. Age was the only predictor of low ovarian reserve.

Conclusion

Testicular Sertoli cell function assessed through serum IB levels and IFR is decreased in CD male patients compared to HC, regardless of age. Age > 30 years is the single independent predictor of reduced ovarian reserve in women with CD. These results should be confirmed in further studies in order to properly counsel patients with CD and desire for offspring.
An overview of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma imaging diagnosis methods
Authors: Danescu Sorina , Negrutiu Mircea , Focsan Monica , Baican Adrian
Published: April 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, a type of non-melanoma skin cancer, is a form of keratinocyte carcinoma that stands as one of the most prevalent cancers, exhibiting a rising frequency. This review provides an overview of the latest literature on imaging methods for diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). It discusses the diagnostic criteria, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques such as dermatoscopy, skin ultrasound (US), in vivo and ex-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT). These methods offer benefits including non-invasiveness, rapidity, comprehensive lesion imaging, and enhanced sensitivity, but face challenges like high costs and the need for specialized expertise. Despite obstacles, the use of these innovative techniques is expected to increase with ongoing technological advancements, improving diagnosis and treatment planning for keratinocyte carcinomas. Standardizing LC-OCT imaging algorithms for AK, Bowen’s disease, and SCC remains an area for further research.
Demonstration of the synergistic effect of biochar and Trichoderma harzianum on the development of Ralstonia solanacearum in eggplant
Authors: Ahmad Chaudhry Ali , Akhter Adnan , Haider Muhammad Saleem , Abbas Muhammad Taqqi , Hashem Abeer , Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi
Published: April 2024

Soil degradation has been accelerated by the use of chemical pesticides and poor agricultural practices, which has had an impact on crop productivity. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the use of eco-friendly biochar applications to enhance soil quality and sequester carbon in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of Leaf Waste Biochar (LWB) and the bio-control agent Trichoderma harzianum (BCA) on the development of bacterial wilt in eggplants (Solanum melongena) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). The effects of LWB and BCA on eggplant physiology and defense-related biochemistry were comprehensively examined. Inoculated (+RS) and un-inoculated (–RS) eggplants were grown in potting mixtures containing 3% and 6% (v/v) LWB, both with and without BCA. The percentage disease index was considerably reduced (90%) in plants grown in the 6% LWB+ BCA amended treatments. Moreover, the plants grown in LWB and inoculated with BCA had higher phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase contents compared to the non-amended control. The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition. This study has shown that the association of T. harzianum with biochar improved plant growth and reduced R. solanacearum induced wilt. Furthermore, the combined impact of biochar and T. harzianum was greater in terms of wilt suppression and increase in plant physiological measurements when the biochar concentration was 6%. Biochar and bio-control agents triggered biochemical alterations, thus enhancing the management of disease-infested soils.
Novel antiviral approaches for Marburg: a promising therapeutics in the pipeline
Authors: Srivastava Shriyansh , Kumar Sachin , Ashique Sumel , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , Shareef Javedh , Thomas Sabin
Published: April 2024

Marburg virus disease (MVD) presents a significant global health threat, lacking effective antivirals and with current supportive care offering limited therapeutic options. This mini review explores the emerging landscape of novel antiviral strategies against MVD, focusing on promising therapeutics currently in the development pipeline. We delve into direct-acting antiviral approaches, including small molecule inhibitors targeting viral entry, replication, and assembly, alongside nucleic acid antisense and RNA interference strategies. Host-targeting antivirals are also considered, encompassing immune modulators like interferons and cytokine/chemokine modulators, broad-spectrum antivirals, and convalescent plasma and antibody-based therapies. The paper then examines preclinical and clinical development for the novel therapeutics, highlighting in vitro and in vivo models for antiviral evaluation, safety and efficacy assessments, and the critical stages of clinical trials. Recognizing the challenges of drug resistance and viral escape, the mini review underscores the potential of combination therapy strategies and emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic tools to optimize treatment initiation. Finally, we discuss the importance of public health preparedness and equitable access to these promising therapeutics in achieving effective MVD control and global health security. This mini review presents a comprehensive overview of the burgeoning field of MVD antivirals, highlighting the potential of these novel approaches to reshape the future of MVD treatment and prevention.
Investigating the activity of indigenous microbial communities from Italian depleted gas reservoirs and their possible impact on underground hydrogen storage
Authors: Bellini Ruggero , Vasile Nicolò Santi , Bassani Ilaria , Vizzarro Arianna , Coti Christian , Barbieri Donatella , Scapolo Matteo , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Verga Francesca , Menin Barbara
Published: April 2024

H2 produced from renewable energies will play a central role in both greenhouse gas reduction and decarbonization by 2050. Nonetheless, to improve H2 diffusion and utilization as a fuel, large storage capacity systems are needed. Underground storage of natural gas in depleted reservoirs, aquifers and salt caverns is a well-established technology. However, new challenges arise when it comes to storing hydrogen due to the occurrence and activity of indigenous microbial populations in deep geological formations. In a previous study, four Italian natural gas reservoirs were characterized both from a hydro-chemical and microbiological point of view, and predictive functional analyses were carried out with the perspective of underground hydrogen storage (UHS). In the present work, formation waters from the same reservoirs were used as inoculant during batch cultivation tests to characterize microbial activity and its effects on different gas mixtures. Results evidence a predominant acidogenic/acetogenic activity, whilst methanogenic and sulfate reducing activity were only marginal for all tested inoculants. Furthermore, the microbial activation of tested samples is strongly influenced by nutrient availability. Obtained results were fitted and screened in a computational model which would allow deep insights in the study of microbial activity in the context of UHS.
Applying GC-MS based serum metabolomic profiling to characterize two traditional Chinese medicine subtypes of diabetic foot gangrene
Authors: Feng Jiawei , Wang Yuqing , Xiang Shengmin , Luo Yun , Xu Yongcheng , Wang Yuzhen , Cao Yemin , Zhou Mingmei , Zhao Cheng
Published: April 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and particular advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot gangrene (DFG). Patients with DFG are mainly divided into two subtypes, tendon lesion with edema (GT) and ischemic lesion without edema (GI), which are suitable for different medical strategies. Metabolomics has special significance in unravelling the complexities of multifactorial and multisystemic disorders. This study acquired the serum metabolomic profiles of two traditional Chinese medicine subtypes of DFG to explore potential molecular evidence for subtype characterization, which may contribute to the personalized treatment of DFG. A total of 70 participants were recruited, including 20 with DM and 50 with DFG (20 with GI and 30 with GT). Conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used as untargeted metabolomics approaches to explore the serum metabolomic profiles. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst were used to identify the related metabolic pathways. Compared with DM patients, the levels of 14 metabolites were altered in the DFG group, which were also belonged to the differential metabolites of GI (13) and GT (7) subtypes, respectively. Among these, urea, α-D-mannose, cadaverine, glutamine, L-asparagine, D-gluconic acid, and indole could be regarded as specific potential metabolic markers for GI, as well as L-leucine for GT. In the GI subtype, D-gluconic acid and L-asparagine are positively correlated with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB). In the GT subtype, L-leucine is positively correlated with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis are the most important metabolic pathways associated with GI. The main metabolic pathways related to GT include pyrimidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as valine, serine, and isoleucine with metabolites. The results of this study indicate that patients with different DFG subtypes have distinct metabolic profiles, which reflect the pathological characteristics of each subtype respectively. These findings will help us explore therapeutic targets for DFG and develop precise treatment strategies.
Inactivation of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase deregulates mitophagy and prevents diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Cilenti Lucia , Di Gregorio Jacopo , Mahar Rohit , Liu Fei , Ambivero Camilla T. , Periasamy Muthu , Merritt Matthew E. , Zervos Antonis S.
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a growing epidemic affecting millions of people worldwide and a major risk factor for a multitude of chronic diseases and premature mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria have a profound role in diet-induced obesity and the associated metabolic changes, but the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondria to obesity remain poorly understood. Our studies have identified a new function for mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, in the control of energy metabolism and lipogenesis. Genetic deletion of Mul1 in mice impedes mitophagy and presents a metabolic phenotype that is resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Several metabolic and lipidomic pathways are perturbed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Mul1(−/−) animals on HFD, including the one driven by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), a pivotal regulator of lipid metabolism and obesity. In addition, key enzymes crucial for lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation such as ACC1, FASN, AMPK, and CPT1 are also modulated in the absence of MUL1. The concerted action of these enzymes, in the absence of MUL1, results in diminished fat storage and heightened fatty acid oxidation. Our findings underscore the significance of MUL1-mediated mitophagy in regulating lipogenesis and adiposity, particularly in the context of HFD. Consequently, our data advocate the potential of MUL1 as a therapeutic target for drug development in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and cardiometabolic diseases.
The use of virtual reality as a perspective-taking manipulation to improve self-awareness in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Latgé-Tovar Sofia , Bertrand Elodie , Piolino Pascale , Mograbi Daniel C.
Published: April 2024

Lack of awareness of symptoms or having a condition referred to as anosognosia is a common feature of individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous literature on AD reported difficulties in evaluating self-abilities, often showing underestimation of limitations. There is increasing evidence that the perspective through which information is presented may moderate the performance appraisal and that anosognosia in AD might be a consequence of a deficit in assuming a third-person perspective. In this context, some studies showed that subjects may better recognize self-and other-difficulties when exposed to a third-person perspective. Considering the variety of approaches aiming to investigate the lack of awareness, there is still a scarcity of methods that provide great ecological validity and consider more than one facet of awareness, thus failing to offer more accurate evaluations of daily experiences. The present paper primarily addresses the theme of the multidimensional character of awareness of abilities in AD and the effect of perspective-taking on its trajectories. The focus turns to virtual reality as a promising tool for a greater evaluation of perspective-taking and self-awareness. Particularly, these systems offer the possibility to involve users in cognitive and sensorimotor tasks that simulate daily life conditions within immersive and realistic environments, and a great sense of embodiment. We propose that virtual reality might allow a great level of complexity, veracity, and safety that is needed for individuals with AD to behave according to their actual abilities and enable to explore the liaison between the subject’s viewpoint, performance, and self-evaluation. In addition, we suggest promising clinical implications of virtual reality-based methods for individualized assessments, investigating specific impacts on subjects’ life and possible improvements in their awareness.
Advances in chronic subdural hematoma and membrane imaging
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Colasurdo Marco , Malhotra Ajay , Gandhi Dheeraj , Bodanapally Uttam K.
Published: April 2024

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical disease by 2030. Despite medical and surgical management, recurrence rates remain high. Recently, middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a promising treatment; however, determinants of disease recurrence are not well understood, and developing novel radiographic biomarkers to assess hematomas and cSDH membranes remains an active area of research. In this narrative review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art for subdural hematoma and membrane imaging and discuss the potential role of MR and dual-energy CT imaging in predicting cSDH recurrence, surgical planning, and selecting patients for embolization treatment.
Secondary somatosensory and posterior insular cortices: a somatomotor hub for object prehension and manipulation movements
Authors: Ishida Hiroaki , Grandi Laura Clara , Fornia Luca
Published: April 2024

The secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and posterior insular cortex (pIC) are recognized for processing touch and movement information during hand manipulation in humans and non-human primates. However, their involvement in three-dimensional (3D) object manipulation remains unclear. To investigate neural activity related to hand manipulation in the SII/pIC, we trained two macaque monkeys to grasp three objects (a cone, a plate, and a ring) and engage in visual fixation on the object. Our results revealed that 19.4% (n = 50/257) of the task-related neurons in SII/pIC were active during hand manipulations, but did not respond to passive somatosensory stimuli. Among these neurons, 44% fired before hand-object contact (reaching to grasping neurons), 30% maintained tonic activity after contact (holding neurons), and 26% showed continuous discharge before and after contact (non-selective neurons). Object grasping-selectivity varied and was weak among these neurons, with only 24% responding to fixation of a 3D object (visuo-motor neurons). Even neurons unresponsive to passive visual stimuli showed responses to set-related activity before the onset of movement (42%, n = 21/50). Our findings suggest that somatomotor integration within SII/pIC is probably integral to all prehension sequences, including reaching, grasping, and object manipulation movements. Moreover, the existence of a set-related activity within SII/pIC may play a role in directing somatomotor attention during object prehension-manipulation in the absence of vision. Overall, SII/pIC may play a role as a somatomotor hub within the lateral grasping network that supports the generation of intentional hand actions based on haptic information.
Synaptic proteomics decode novel molecular landscape in the brain
Authors: Ito Yuki , Nagamoto Sayaka , Takano Tetsuya
Published: April 2024

Synapses play a pivotal role in forming neural circuits, with critical implications for brain functions such as learning, memory, and emotions. Several advances in synaptic research have demonstrated the diversity of synaptic structure and function, which can form thousands of connections depending on the neuronal cell types. Moreover, synapses not only interconnect neurons but also establish connections with glial cells such as astrocytes, which play a key role in the architecture and function of neuronal circuits in the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of synaptic proteins contributes to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the molecular networks within synapses in various neuronal cell types to gain a deeper understanding of how the nervous system regulates brain function. Recent advances in synaptic proteome approaches, such as fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting (FASS) and proximity labeling, have allowed for a detailed and spatial analysis of many cell-type-specific synaptic molecules in vivo. In this brief review, we highlight these novel spatial proteomic approaches and discuss the regulation of synaptic formation and function in the brain. This knowledge of molecular networks provides new insight into the understanding of many neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and RNA in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Martinez-Feduchi Paula , Jin Peng , Yao Bing
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. There are two main types of AD: familial and sporadic. Familial AD is linked to mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2). On the other hand, sporadic AD is the more common form of the disease and has genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components that influence disease onset and progression. Investigating the epigenetic mechanisms associated with AD is essential for increasing understanding of pathology and identifying biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Chemical covalent modifications on DNA and RNA can epigenetically regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and play protective or pathological roles in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent advances and challenges in the interaction between myofibrillar proteins and flavor substances
Authors: Qian Rong , Sun Chang , Bai Ting , Yan Jing , Cheng Jie , Zhang Jiamin
Published: April 2024

Myofibrillar proteins are an important component of proteins. Flavor characteristics are the key attributes of food quality. The ability of proteins to bind flavor is one of their most fundamental functional properties. The dynamic balance of release and retention of volatile flavor compounds in protein-containing systems largely affects the sensory quality and consumer acceptability of foods. At present, research on flavor mainly focuses on the formation mechanism of flavor components, while there are few reports on the release and perception of flavor components. This review introduces the composition and structure of myofibrillar proteins, the classification of flavor substances, the physical binding and chemical adsorption of myofibrillar proteins and volatile flavor substances, as well as clarifies the regulation law of flavor substances from the viewpoint of endogenous flavor characteristics and exogenous environment factors, to provide a theoretical reference for the flavor regulation of meat products.
Transcriptomic analysis and experiments revealed that remimazolam promotes proliferation and G1/S transition in HCT8 cells
Authors: Wang Runjia , Li Shuai , Hu Han , Hou Qi , Chu Huaqing , Hou Yu , Ni Cheng , Ran Yuliang , Zheng Hui
Published: April 2024

Background

Remimazolam is a new ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine for sedation and anesthesia. The effects of remimazolam and the mechanism by which it functions in cancer cells have not been determined. This research aimed to explore the mechanism of remimazolam action in colon cancer treatment, using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments.

Methods

Cell cycle progression, colony formation, self-renewal capacity, and apoptosis detection were performed in HCT8 cells treated with or without remimazolam. Transcriptome sequencing, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome, Protein–Protein Interaction, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Western blotting, and qPCR were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of remimazolam in HCT8 colon cancer cells.

Results

Remimazolam promoted proliferation and cell-cycle progression of HCT8 cells. After remimazolam treatment, a total of 1,096 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified: 673 genes were downregulated, and 423 genes were upregulated. The DEGs were enriched mainly in “DNA replication“, “cell cycle”, and “G1/S transition” related pathways. There were 15 DEGs verified by qPCR, and representative biomarkers were detected by Western Bloting. The remimazolam-mediated promotion of cell proliferation and cell cycle was reversed by G1T28, a CDK4/6 inhibitor.

Conclusion

Remimazolam promoted cell-cycle progression and proliferation in HCT8 colon cancer cells, indicating that the long-term use of remimazolam has potential adverse effects in the anesthesia of patients with colon cancer.