bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Punishment, Politics and the Realities of Rurality
Authors: Hale Alistair , Harkness Kyle
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the provision of punishment (specifically imprisonment) in rural settings, considering the roles of politics and populism in the delivery of justice outcomes and the impacts on rural communities. It conceptualises the politics of punishment in three key areas: public sentiments and punitive attitudes; the political and socio-economic influences on prison siting in rural areas; and rural prison and post-release challenges. It argues that governmental decision-making often is led by economic factors without necessarily considering social impacts, and that considerations of rural punishment and prisons are both complex and nuanced.
From Trivia to Trivial
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the third edition of the ‘Life in UK’ test, which is currently in place at the time of this book’s publication. The chapter makes clear the many substantive changes made from cover to cover in this edition, some of which were improvements. However, this third edition moved away from asking about trivia to the more purely trivial – making a test for British citizenship that it appears few British citizens could pass – and so makes a mockery of the idea of being a guide to shared values and practical knowledge that citizens old and new both possess.
Building Bridges and a Better Test
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: January 2023

This chapters looks at the developments that have happened since the current citizenship test was launched in 2013. The chapter focuses on the lessons that can be learned from abroad, with special attention on the citizenship test in the United States. Instead of creating arbitrary and inefficient barriers to naturalization through a knowledge test of often trivial facts, the test should serve as a bridge to citizenship as the last symbolic step on a journey – and with a refreshed citizenship ceremony.
Dignity in Informality? Urban Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Easton-Calabria Evan
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents a case study of urban refugee livelihoods trainings in Kampala, Uganda, in 2015. It explores how the contemporary global discourse of refugee self-reliance is transposed on to a local context. Livelihoods trainings offered by national and international organizations are examined, including through the ‘following’ of refugees through their post-training livelihoods creation. This chapter presents the impact of trainings on refugee self-reliance as well as the local constraints refugees face in achieving self-reliance in Kampala, including lack of access to capital and markets. It also focuses on the impact of neoliberal tenets of contemporary refugee assistance as well as the impact of urbanization and informalization, arguing that the concept of refugee self-reliance is largely used as a political tool to avoid assisting refugees.
Conclusion
Authors: Easton-Calabria Evan
Published: January 2023

The book concludes with a broad overview of this history, with a focus on the continuities and changes present in refugee self-reliance assistance over time, and briefly presents the academic contributions of this project, notably its empirical and theoretical contribution to Refugee Studies and Development Studies as well as. It then reviews the main arguments highlighted in the introduction and focuses on their implications for self-reliance programming today, such as the ability to alter the current ahistorical approach of refugee self-reliance programming and the value of refugee participation in practice. It suggests that there is value in ‘self-reliance programming’ for refugees if this programming considers aspects such as refugees’ own definitions of self-reliance; preferred means of livelihoods; and background, interests, and skillsets. Critical questions for practitioners to consider is cui bono (who benefits) from this self-reliance programming. Such considerations offer a means for self-reliance programming to better respect the agency of refugees as well as better ensure that the programming put in place explicitly supports refugees rather than primarily other actors.
Introduction: Confronting a Multidimensional Crisis of Capitalism
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

This chapter explains the approach of the book. It highlights the importance of the coronavirus crisis for the future of capitalism and the importance of social and political contemporary struggles. It emphasizes the potential of Political Economy as a discipline to make sense of the crisis and the political alternatives ahead. It introduces the chapter set-up of the book, including the focus on alternatives, the link to Comparative and International Political Economy scholarship and the empirical evidence on the coronavirus crisis covered. Moreover, it explains the book structure, with seven sections based on different phases of the crisis and different specializations within Political Economy scholarship. Finally, it provides a glimpse on the overarching message of the book, the warning against a new phase of authoritarian capitalism.
Gendered Occupations: Equality or Back to Traditional Patterns?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

The effects of the coronavirus crisis on gender relations are not only limited to reproductive work but also affect other fields of capitalism, in particular via gendered occupations. Not only due to their central role in the care sector, women were at the centre of the response to the pandemic, but also because of their frequent employment in service sectors such as retail and hospitality. The coronavirus pandemic has affected these sectors very badly. Early studies about the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on gendered professions indicate that the crisis deepens existing inequalities and may even lead to a loss of any advances with regard of overcoming the gender pay gap that we may have made during the last decades. Moreover, short-term fiscal rescue packages during the pandemic have not been designed in a way that is sensitive to gendered occupations, a mistake likely to be repeated by mid-term recovery programs.
Corporate Governance: Public Responsibility or Shareholder Value?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

During the coronavirus crisis and the related recession, many governments have initiated massive public rescue operations for business, given that the latter was collapsing in sectors such as tourism. A prominent part of these operations was the increase in public control over companies. Increasing public control took different forms. Often, this meant increasing public (partial) ownership, directly via state bodies or indirectly via public banks or sovereign wealth funds. In other cases, governments introduced regulations with regard to preventing the take-over of prized companies by foreign investors. Given strongly increased public support or even partial state ownership of companies during the crisis, it is unlikely that we will see a return to a system of corporate governance purely led by the principles of the maximization of shareholder value during the near future. This tendency away from shareholder value in post-coronavirus capitalism is also supported by the apparent dangers for financially lean corporations during the crisis and the increasing importance of ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) concerns that started already before the pandemic.
Industrial Relations and Training: Strengthening or Weakening of Unions?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

Developments during the pandemic do not bode well for a central role of labour unions in post-coronavirus capitalism. ‘Covid corporatism’ as a form of industrial relations seems to be a temporal fad, if established at all. Labour unions did not play a major role in the design of economic stabilization policies, even where the latter were favorable to workers. The expansion of the ‘gig economy’ and of remote working increases the challenge of collective action for unions even further. This tends to strengthen a long-term process where the role of unions in industrial relations and in vocational education and training systems is increasingly being eroded. This erosion particularly affects sector-specific vocational education and training systems typical for coordinated market economies.
Competition Policy: Economic Concentration as Vice or Virtue?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus crisis has intensified the “arms race” towards economic concentration, often with state support. Competition policy concerns about economic concentration, about collusion between companies for market manipulation and about unfair state aid to selected companies at least temporarily have been relegated to the background. Small companies and consumers become victims of this race in post-coronavirus capitalism, whereas very large companies accumulate high profit markups. Similarly, the divergent ability of rich and poor governments to provide state aid to their companies during the coronavirus pandemic deepens economic inequalities between countries.
Foreign Direct Investment: Promotion or Restriction?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus pandemic has led to a substantial reduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) levels. However, a reduction of FDI during the crisis does not necessarily mean that FDI does have to stay low after the crisis. Many observers expect a strong rebound after the end of the pandemic and the related recession, although the tendency towards re-shoring of production may dampen this rebound. Moreover, the restrictions for inward FDI introduced during the crisis are here to stay. Many governments have introduced FDI screening policies during the crisis, with a special focus on acquisitions by Chinese companies. China has retaliated with its own list of unwelcome companies. Post-coronavirus capitalism will see increasing attempts for an economic decoupling between China and the US, particularly with regard to FDI in technologically sensitive sectors.
Intellectual Property Rights: Global Commons for Vaccines or Private Property?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

The business system of the pharmaceutical industry is set up in a way that works against the development of drugs and vaccinations to prevent communicable diseases as caused by the coronavirus. In order to still undertake the latter with great speed, it has relied on massive subsidies by governments. Still, considerations about the protection of the intellectual property rights (IPR) for the pharmaceutical industry have put a break on the dissemination of vaccines against the coronavirus towards the Global South. This has led to many demands for a relaxation of this protection in the face of the global pandemic. Still, the very fast and successful development of these vaccines by the major pharmaceutical companies has made initiatives to dilute IPR protection very unpopular in the Global North. Correspondingly, it is highly unlikely that we can expect a relaxation of IPR in post-coronavirus capitalism.
Degrowth: Necessity or Fantasy?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

The health crisis has increased the popularity of degrowth concepts in the short run. It has provided ample evidence that modern industrial capitalism is a very fragile system, that degrowth measures are possible and that they lead to an improvement of our natural environments. The recession, however, will likely decrease this popularity, in particular when coupled with austerity policies and rising unemployment. The long-term perspectives of degrowth concepts are less clear, given their varying spatial and social popularity. If the recessions are short-lived, the concept may expand its appeal in the societies of the Global North, but this does not look likely in the Global South, due to low material standards of living and the importance of economic growth for improving the latter.
China–US Struggle for Global Economic Hegemony: Contender or Incumbent?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: January 2023

Cross-border crises usually benefit international organizations, since they highlight the importance of international cooperation. A first survey indicates that this mechanism seems to be working in case of the coronavirus as well. Still, the coronavirus pandemic has contributed to the erosion of some core institutions of the liberal economic order, such as the freedom of individual movement across borders and the transnational openness for the movements of goods. So far, the pandemic has assisted the rise of China and weakened the global leadership role of the US, although the Biden Administration is working for stabilizing the latter. However, it looks much more likely that we are witnessing the (re-) emergence of two rival economic blocks, this time one China-led and one US-led.
Understanding the Pathways from Domestic Abuse to Gang Involvement
Authors: Levell Jade
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the life stories examined in the wider book are contextualized with analysis of UK-based Serious Case Reviews (Similar Cases Where Children Have Died). These highlight some key areas that require further examination. In particular the links between childhood DVA, school violence, and school exclusion, and also the prevalence of boys experiencing sexual violence, both directly (through child sexual abuse and sexual exploitation) as well as vicariously (through being conceived through rape). These issues were discussed using a focus on masculinity and masculine identity.
Masculinity, Vulnerability, and Violence
Authors: Levell Jade
Published: January 2023

The key thematic areas that have been explored throughout this book are masculinity, vulnerability, and violence. These threads intertwined throughout and revealed new understandings of how they interact. Specifically, Connell’s notion of protest masculinity was expanded, to explore how it was implicated with a shadow self of vulnerable masculinity. In this chapter the author proposes that they are in a symbiotic relationship, always co-existing. Violence was ever present in the participants’ lives, from DVA in childhood, to agentic and instrumental use of violence when on-road and gang-involved. The changing relationship to violence both caused and reflected changes in masculinities throughout the life course. The author recommends gender-sensitive interventions be developed in light of these findings and reflects on next steps in the concluding remarks.
Mapping Global Ethics in the Pluriverse
Authors: FitzGerald Maggie
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 continues the broader discussion about modernity (Chapter 2) by linking the Global Ethics literature to the modern world. This chapter argues that this literature has been complicit in reproducing the binaries and hierarchies that underpin modernity; more exactly, modernity and the Global Ethics literature are co-constitutive. As a result, this chapter contends that much of the Global Ethics literature is premised on the same assumptions and binaries as modernity. Because of these theoretical underpinnings, this literature is often not equipped to contemplate ethical horizons in the pluriverse. In demonstrating this, this chapter also illuminates that the challenge for building an ethics for the pluriverse is characterized by a distinct combination of (1) the need to attend to our shared material existence while simultaneously (2) foregrounding the multiple and actually existing ‘universals’ or onto-epistemologies which comprise the pluriverse. Furthermore, pluriversal ethics must also be able to navigate (3) the problem of incommensurability across difference, and the limits of knowing that arise when differences are at their deepest and most pervasive, or onto-epistemic.
The Political and the Pluriverse: A (Dis)Associative Theory of Care
Authors: FitzGerald Maggie
Published: January 2023

Chapter 7 attends to the political in the context of the pluriverse. It is argued that the political in the context of the pluriverse involves complex layers of socio-symbolic orders (worlds); as such, the political moment may not occur equally for all worlds involved in a conflict between/across worlds. Because of this layered ‘politicality’, this chapter suggests that thinking about the political in the pluriverse requires foregrounding equally the political as associative (a collective coming together) and as dissociative (agonistic and ruptural). The ethics of care, as both a critical and productive ethic, is well positioned to hold these two traits of the political at the fore. It is ultimately argued that care ethics provides us with tools to contemplate the political (rethought in the context of multiple partially connected vulnerable worlds) as (dis)associative, involving relational layers of onto-epistemic rupture and conflict, on the one hand, and onto-epistemic continuity and cooperation, on the other.
Styles of Theorizing International Practice
Authors: Bueger Christian
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, Christian Bueger examines what it implies to consider theorizing as a practice. He argues that the shift to the verb and the valuation of the actual work of theorizing has substantial consequences. Four are highlighted: the need for a reconceptualization of theorizing, which shifts from looking at it in terms of an achievement by an individual scholar to an understanding that sees theory as a collective achievement situated in a distinct milieu and locale; the need to focus on process and actions, rather than the object (‘the theory’); the need to grasp the practical knowledge, various skills, material resources and objects that are assembled in the production of theory; and the need to recognize that there is a multiplicity of styles of theorizing. Against this background, different understandings of ‘theory’ and styles of theorizing come to the fore. Bueger illustrates these with examples he calls ‘mechanism’, ‘meditation’, ‘method’ and ‘experimentation’, each of which is said to ground theorizing differently in practice.
Practice, Intersubjectivity and the Problem of Contingency
Authors: Kessler Oliver
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, Oliver Kessler takes Kratochwil’s notion of acting as vantage point to explore the problem of inter-subjectivity and contingency. He seeks to clarify the difference between positive and constructivist approaches in relation to expectations, common sense, and ‘how to go on’ as central to praxis. To unpack his argument, he takes Kratochwil’s discussion on game theory as vantage point to highlight the problem of intersubjectivity. He distinguishes a ‘thin’ version that operates in-between existing actors and a ‘thick’ version where intersubjectivity actually constitutes the actors in the first place. He then explores the contours of this ‘thick’ version of intersubjectivity by exploring the use of the concept ‘society’ in Praxis, in terms of what he calls ‘triple contingency’. In the final section, he explores the different mechanisms of sense-making in dyadic and triadic constellations and argues that questions of knowledge, expertise and power are differently constituted in these two settings.
Acting, Representing, Ruling: A Conversation with My Critics on Social Reproduction and the Logic of Social Inquiry
Authors: Kratochwil Friedrich
Published: January 2023

In this concluding chapter, Friedrich Kratochwil replies to his critics. The first cluster of comments pivots around the notion of ‘theory’ and the relation between practicing theory and going on in situations, individually and collectively. Kratochwil rejects the view that theorizing could provide us with something like an unadulterated ‘view from nowhere’. He explains that if we act in order to achieve something, we are not simply observers of the world. Theorizing, properly conceived, is a form of critical intervention. Kratochwil then addresses problems that revolve around the conception of the ‘we’ in social, political and legal practices. He concedes that repeated interaction, role-taking and communication are necessary parts of both individuation and socialization but insists that for the reproduction of a society and a body politic, more needs to happen. Beyond communication and cooperation on practical tasks the members need to make a commitment to the ‘project’ of remaining a group and accept the transgenerational nature of their concerns.
The Decline of Labour Studies and the Democratic Transition
Authors: Buhlungu Sakhela
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the ways in which a form of intellectual engagement has gone beyond merely studying society and sought to influence processes of change by engaging with actors outside disciplinary scholarship and the academy. In South Africa, the broad sub-discipline of labour studies provides probably the best illustration of this engagement, which Burawoy has termed ‘public sociology’. The chapter traces the emergence and growth of public sociology, initially from the position of relative privilege in the ivory tower and later to more direct forms of engagement with the new publics that emerged in the antiapartheid struggle. The discussion explains why the labour movement became the focal point of public sociology in South Africa. Finally, the chapter argues that the advent of democracy led to a growing assertiveness among the antiapartheid movements, including labour. This not only altered the terms on which public sociology was undertaken, but also resulted in a decline of public sociology inherited from the antiapartheid struggle.
Experiences of Meetings and Cooperation between Academics and Unions : The Work Studies Group from the South (GETSUR) 1
Authors: Juli á n Vejar Dasten
Published: January 2023

This chapter details attempts to set up a research unit that links university-based academics to the labour movement in the south of Chile called the Work Studies Group from the South (GETSUR). The initiative was inspired by the idea of ‘public sociology’ and by interactions with Michael Burawoy in particular, as well as the model provided by the Society, Work and Politics Institute in South Africa. The chapter explains the challenges to this in the local context, including an underdeveloped trade union tradition combined with intense hostility to activist research in universities themselves. As a result, GETSUR was forced to change institutional affiliation and register as an non-profit organization to secure its independence and sustainability.
Conclusion : Towards a Southern Sociology
Authors: von Holdt Karl
Published: January 2023

The conclusion discusses each of the chapters in this volume in order to address the three big questions that animate this book: Does critical engagement represent a Southern sociology? Does critical engagement constitute a whole sociology, engaging in knowledge and theory production as well as questions of political mobilization and change? Does it constitute a counter-hegemonic sociology? It argues that Southern sociology is constituted in the context of permanent instability and movements for radical social change – accounting for critical engagement’s radical orientation, its alliance with forces for social change and its critique of official sociology. This chapter explores the different combinations of scholarly autonomy and political engagement adopted by each of the researchers as they navigate power-laden research sites, and it argues for the importance of reflecting on the subtleties of these diverse experiences. Ultimately, it argues for a conception of critical engagement as incipiently counter-hegemonic, both in its South–South encounters and in North–South solidarity and contestation.
‘Cry God for Harry, England, and Saint George’: Europe and the Limits of Integrating Identity
Authors: Foster Russell
Published: January 2023

Is the European Union (EU) in a state of crisis? Over recent years, a series of systemic and spontaneous challenges, including Brexit, the rise of Euroscepticism and the Eurozone and refugee crises, have manifested in landmark moments for European integration.
First published as a special issue of the journal Global Discourse, this edited collection investigates whether these crises are isolated phenomena or symptoms of a deeper malaise across the EU. Experts from across disciplines analyse and rethink the forces which pull Europeans together, as well as those which push them apart.
Response to Gerard Delanty
Authors: Casale Roger
Published: January 2023

A characteristic of political movements today is the appeal to self-determination. It has entered the political discourse of populist politics and has given a new impetus to nationalism. Populist politics, broadly defined as anti-establishment and nativistic, has become a new force in the world today and has changed the political context of Europeanisation. Populists are no longer outsiders; they are now part of the mainstream, though when they join the mainstream, they are no longer outsiders. While by no means entirely right-wing, in Europe populism has been predominantly associated with right-wing politics and has been successfully embraced by the extreme right for which it has become a convenient way of escaping the damaging label of fascism.
Response to Peter Vermeersch
Authors: Segú Martí Graui
Published: January 2023

Public debates on European integration may once have been the expression of a ‘permissive consensus’, but in recent elections and referendums the EU has become increasingly politicised (de Wilde and Zürn, 2012). Scholars now talk about a ‘constraining dissensus’ (Hooghe and Marks, 2009), growing polarisation, and the emergence of opposing advocacy coalitions (De Wilde, 2011). This is true in long- time EU countries as well as in the more recent member states in East-Central Europe. What is striking about the more recent public debates in the latter region is the overwhelming presence of historical arguments, especially voiced by those who oppose (further) EU integration. In this region, longstanding themes of national history seem to have become an inexorable attribute of opposition talk against the EU (Ágh, 2016), a tendency that has become reinforced lately by more authoritarian styles of government (Tillman, 2013), government-sponsored commemoration practices that celebrate events of national history pitting the nation against Europe (Milošević, 2017; Rupnik, 2007), and a surge of populist rhetoric surrounding those events.
Democracy without Hegemony: A Reply to Mark Purcell
Authors: Munck Ronaldo
Published: January 2023

My own engagement with Ernesto Laclau goes back to the mid-1970s in the UK when he was for a time my PhD supervisor at Essex, after I had arrived from Argentina some years after he had. I thought then that he was forsaking Marxism for some illusory post-structuralist politics that would take him far away from socialism. In the years since, I have taken his work, on his own, and of course the landmark Hegemony and socialist strategy with Chantal Mouffe (1985), as basic building blocks for any reconstruction of democratic socialism after the collapse of its actually existing and most alternative variants. I will not comment here on Mouffe’s work insofar as she developed a quite distinct theory of democracy, in my opinion, after this joint work. Mark Purcell’s chapter represents a heterodox account of democracy and, in certain respects, Laclau’s work. His statement that ‘hegemonic politics and radical democracy are at odds’ and that ‘it is not possible to engage in a hegemonic project for democracy’ seemed, in fact, quite at odds with the underlying political intent of Hegemony and socialist strategy and Laclau’s work since.
How We Think about the Mentally Ill
Authors: Skotnicki Andrew
Published: January 2023

The second chapter will explore theological and philosophical sources that account for the massive shift in worldviews that normalized two disparate strategies in response to the ravings of the “mad” and the foibles of the “sane.” Nietzsche and Foucault are particularly helpful in this task as they underscore the shattering of a largely wholistic, non-binary reaction to those floundering in the cognitive mainstream that characterized the traditional approach with “a moral genealogy” predicated upon the unimpeachable authority of those who have elevated themselves to a role of political and economic superiority. It is at this juncture that the concept of “man,” in Nietzschean parlance, was first brought into being, a creature definitively categorized by measurable performance in accord with heavily constrictive statutory and bureaucratic constraints. The discussion will blend with the suppositions of philosophical and perceptual dualism that furnish the necessary intellectual and moral stance for the guiltless desire to omit realms of experience, and classes of people, who fall outside the hyper-comparative and evaluative perspective part and parcel of a binary vision of the world.
North American Hybrids
Authors: Sergi Anna
Published: January 2023

‘Are you going to go there just to see a church?’ ‘I have to start somewhere, that’s one of the addresses in the arrest warrant at the very least!’ A friend of mine in Toronto was genuinely questioning the rationale of that trip. But … I have to see the places, I need to see the spaces. It was April 2017 and I was staying in Toronto. It took me pretty much two hours to travel to the site of the church on public transport; I hadn’t rented a car. I wish I had. I wouldn’t have had parking issues anyway, as in front of the St Clare of Assisi Catholic Church, on 150 St Francis Avenue, in Woodbridge, a large suburban community in the city of Vaughan, just north of Toronto, there is no scarcity of parking space. It was windy, just a few days earlier it had snowed in Montreal, and Toronto was ice cold, or at least it was for me, in April … one should feel spring, right? Right. Anyway, I had bought a new pair of snow boots, insulated and furry inside, so I was ready to face what to me was definitely still winter.
‘Ndrangheta City And Spiderwebs
Authors: Sergi Anna
Published: January 2023

What do you do when you see spiders? Do you kill them straight away or do you capture them and take them outside? In the frame of the sumptuous Marconi Club in Sydney, Lillo Foti and Vince Foti had dinner in April 2015 to celebrate the partnership between the Marconi Stallions and the Reggina Calcio, two football teams recognizing their connection to Reggio Calabria, Italy, and soccer pride. The two Foti are not related. Vince is the president of the Marconi Club and a successful businessman in Sydney, owner of a firecracker industry. Lillo (Pasquale) has at times been the president of the Reggina Calcio in Reggio Calabria and is an entrepreneur in the fashion industry. Among Lillo Foti’s merits is the promotion of the Reggina team to the Italian Premier League (Serie A) for the first time in the history of the club. Lillo Foti, reported the newspapers, spent over a week in Australia on that occasion, in April 2015. He spent time in negotiations and formal or informal meetings with entrepreneurs of Italian origin in Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra; some of them were interested in investing in the football club in Calabria and in formalizing some sort of stable contact with the region that, from Australia, is at times difficult to maintain. Six Australian businessmen were interested in the deal promoted by Nick Scali – that Nick Scali of Scali furniture we have met in previous chapters, from San Martino of Taurianova, province of Reggio Calabria. The partnership between Reggina Calcio and Marconi Stallions is the first step.
Humans, COVID-19 and Platform Societies
Authors: Vicari Stefania , Yang Zheng
Published: January 2023

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
“I’ve Got People’s Spit All over Me!”: Reflections on the Future of Life-Saving Stem Cell Donor Recruitment
Authors: Williams Ros
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores stem cell donor recruitment work and considers the challenges confronting these efforts during the pandemic, from event closures to distancing measures. Recruitment work locates potential donors for stem cell transplants which are used to treat blood malignancies like leukaemia. Racially minoritised patients are less likely to find a matching donor, in part because there are fewer racially minoritised donors registered. In-person recruitment events are seen to be particularly valuable for registering racially minoritised people who are recruited with less success through digital routes. However, during pandemic restrictions, recruitment has become increasingly reliant on digital channels. This chapter reflects on the potential consequences of in-person recruitment cessation for the effort to ensure life-extending treatment is available to all, regardless of their ethnicity.
Science Told Me (But I Couldn’t See Its Point)
Authors: Michalko Rod
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the experience of disability, my blindness, and of aging and I will show how scientific responses to Covid-19 have rendered their combination not only as a site of vulnerability, but also as a life barely worth living. I will explore how vision together with its sister, the virtual, have diminished touch. These explorations suggest that the already dominant voices of science and of vision are enhanced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Science and vision have all but replaced any other ways of knowing in the West and, indeed, globally. They combine to render touch as both an inferior sense in relation to sight and as a sense (sight) of danger, of contagion. Finally, I will show how blindness and old age co-mingle and how science has used Covid-19 as the occasion to emphasize the diminished humanity of both.
Where Will an Emerging Post-COVID-19 Future Position the Human?
Authors: Arthur Keren Naa Abeka , Amanatidou Effie , Saille Stevienna de , Birabi Timothy , Pandey Poonam
Published: January 2023

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Unmapping the 21st Century
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Bolt Neville
Published: January 2023

Michelsen and Bolt ask how the turbulent 21st century, facing multiple crises from climate change to terrorism, global pandemic, populism, and democratic decay, is mapped and understood. Drawing on post-structural political theory, the book explores two dominant maps used to make sense of the present: the state and the network. The book explains the differences and relationship between these maps, showing why they risk becoming fatally problematic means of interpreting our present. In seeking a better understanding of the 21st century, this book argues that we need to pull apart the familiar lines of our maps. Only unmapping can present new insights and new opportunities for a better future.
Capitalism and Imperialism
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Bolt Neville
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines how, for Australia’s Aboriginal peoples, lines on a map meant something different to what European elites had come to cherish. This opens an investigation into the role of mapping in the rise of imperialism, commercial capitalism, slavery, and the revolutionary Atlantic. Lines on the map do not necessarily demarcate the inside–outside borders of what Anthony Giddens calls the ‘container of power’ of the modern state. Examining the logic and history of European imperialism, the chapter examines how network maps were continuously at work in forming the politics of empire.
Thinking Like a State
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Bolt Neville
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the map of the state as a model for thought and recurrent source of misunderstanding. The idea that with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the world was suddenly reborn to fit a map of sealed sovereign units has lived an undeservedly long life. This account, as the chapter notes, neglects the complexity of transnational organizations in Europe at the time and afterwards. The ideal of statehood has always been out of step with the reality of horizontal networks that pervade every vertical structure. This argument is examined and explored though the history of the Islamic world and the problem of translating the ummah as a political concept as well as a concrete politics in the Muslim Brotherhood and jihadism.
Romance of Networks
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Bolt Neville
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores how the network map captured the popular imagination and the ambiguities in the politics of networks. It explores the rise of social networks as well as reactionary movements that build themselves on the network map. Networks of urban protest challenge the state with an alternative mapping, carrying diverse attitudes to visibility and invisibility. The chapter then turns to the challenge that climate change poses to the state system.
Borders and Impermanence
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Bolt Neville
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, Michelsen and Bolt argue that the map of state seeks to hide from view the networks and flows of movement and energy that have always characterized human interaction and cut across the sovereign state system. When conventional, lightly manned borders fail to check the progress of population dynamics, trenches, razor wire, and breeze blocks create little more than a temporary pause in this process. This chapter explores borders and walls, and the legacy of imperialism in world politics, and how this plays out as an ongoing faith in mapping.
The Uses of National Models
Authors: Aucante Yohann
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces some of the intricate origins of the Swedish and Nordic Models discourse and representations, explain the various dimensions that they came to incorporate, from social democracy and universal welfare to strong egalitarian norms, transparency and accountability. It reflects on some of the more recent changes and uses of this notion in light of policies of social welfare and economic reforms that have taken place over the last three decades. However, the successful ‘packaging’ of these values in international branding strategies goes along with a ‘good Sweden/bad Sweden’ historical duality that is increasingly used in social media. Social scientists have stressed the problematic flexibility of the uses of the Swedish model that became evident in light of the recent debates on a specific Swedish strategy in the COVID-19 crisis.
Introduction: Rengger’S Anti-Pelagianism: International Political Theory As Civil Conversation
Authors: Paipais Vassilios
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces the central themes across which Nicholas Rengger made his lasting contribution to the political theory of international relations and the problem of world order: his Augustine-inspired idea of an ‘anti-Pelagian imagination’ favouring a sceptical, non-utopian, anti-perfectionist response to the dilemmas of the contemporary liberal world order; his Oakeshottian argument for a pluralist ‘conversation of mankind’ that would sustain an ethos of civility in world politics; and his critical engagement with the just war tradition as an institution of civil world order.
‘Keep Your Mind in Hell, and Despair Not’: Gillian Rose’s Anti-Pelagianism
Authors: Schick Kate
Published: January 2023

Nicholas Rengger’s engagement with International Relations theory rejects the modern Pelagian promise that global politics can be known and changed for the better. He embraces instead an anti-Pelagian imagination that tarries with darkness, refusing both utopian fantasies of progress and tragic retreat into pessimism. In this chapter, I turn to the anti-Pelagian thought of Gillian Rose, arguing that Rose’s sensibility, too, refuses utopia and despair. Rose’s speculative philosophy resonates with Rengger’s anti-Pelagianism on multiple fronts. Like Rengger, Rose rejects claims that the world can be known and changed through the accumulation and application of scientific knowledge; like Rengger she urges an anti-perfectionist sensibility. However, unlike Rengger, who advocates standing ‘outside the logic of the world’, Rose calls us to a dogged engagement with everyday practical politics. She does so not in the expectation of ‘mending diremption in heaven and earth’, but in the ongoing pursuit of a ‘good enough justice’.
Conservatism, Civility, and the Challenges of International Political Theory
Authors: Williams Michael C.
Published: January 2023

Radical conservative and avowedly ‘neo-reactionary’ movements are challenging the principles, practices, and institutions of the liberal world order. Despite these pressing challenges, the main traditions of thought in IR and international political theory seem largely ill-equipped to respond to them. Through his engagement with political ‘darkness’, Nicholas Rengger engaged key issues that illuminate the challenges presented by the contemporary global ‘new Right’ in ways that few thinkers in IR are able to achieve. This chapter explores the legacy and limitations of his ideas for addressing these key issues in contemporary politics.
Understanding Barriers And Facilitators To Genomic Research Participation Among Minority Populations: A Piloted Community Survey In Flint, Mi
Authors: Smart Mieka , Mulheron Megan , Nong Yvonne , Juarez Crystal , Blalock Emiko , Thorpe Jr Roland J. , Woodward Amanda
Published: January 2023

This chapter seeks to identify barriers and facilitators to recruiting minority participants for genomics research within the context of mistrust. A 34-question survey was administered at community events throughout September 2019, just before COVID-19’s onset, to evaluate whether hypothesized key factors affect research participation. Overall, respondents were willing to participate and had positive perceptions towards health research. Results revealed that many respondents were uninformed about research processes aimed at improving community health outcomes. These findings demonstrate the importance of community-friendly messaging regarding research to boost public understanding. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, clear and digestible information has become even more critical as vaccine trials, distribution and uptake each requires increased rates of participation from minority populations.
Introduction
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces theme of the ending roads and reimagining streets. It illustrates how streets are not unmovable and unchangeable objects, discussing the approaches of thinkers like Le Corbusier and Jane Jacobs. It provides structure to the manuscript and discusses and how each chapter will be framed by a theme followed by case studies on how planners, engineers and citizens can “kill the street”.
The Street as Social Space
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2023

Chapter 5 focuses on streets as public spaces that can be social catalysts in communities. It connects the classic ideas of Jane Jacobs to various modern case studies including, those in London, England and Delhi, India. It also illustrates how design continue to change and evolve to cultivate social interaction.
The Street as Cultural Space
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 focuses on how streets can facilitate and create culture. It draws case studies Los Angeles and San Luis Obispo California, as well as Santiago Chile. These cases illustrate the power of streets as it relates to cultural aspects of cities including art, food and music. The chapter offers lessons in conceptual design attributes that can reframe how streets can be used to support local culture.
Beyond Streets: Integrating Behavior
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2023

Chapter 9 discusses the idea that even if planners engineers and citizens change the design of streets cities that may not change how people use streets. The chapter focuses on behavioral economics and how price and incentives can be used to nudge more sustainable behaviors. It also offers new research on how social norms play a role in how we think about travel choices, providing various example of how planners and engineers can think differently about transportation demand management to facilitate non-automotive travel.
A Window into the Future: New Vehicles, New Streets
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2023

Chapter 10 focuses on new technology and how it presents an opportunity to more radically change the idea of the street.
The chapter discusses trends in Mobility-as-a-Service, and automated vehicle technology. It also explores how deliveries are changing the travel landscape. It offers a look at a digital tool that can be used to rethink street right-of-way and how policy should respond to new vehicle types.
The Rise of Ordo
Authors: Aubrey Thomas
Published: January 2023

The Lippmann Colloquium provides an insight into a potential alternative form of liberalism: a view that was sceptical of the market, constant state intervention, and of a utilitarian calculus.
Although these ideas had been developed by Frank Knight and Henry Simons in the United States, it was in Germany where they developed more fully through Wilhelm Rӧpke and Alexander Rϋ‎stow who went into exile, along with Franz Bӧhm and Walter Eucken who remained in Freiburg.
The emphasis on improving the justice of initial conditions prior to voluntary exchange or Startgerechtigkeit, was aimed at generating outcomes more associated with liberal values. Hence what mattered for public policy was to continually disperse power to improve these initial conditions.
The ordoliberals were also sceptical that wealth alone was sufficient to legitimate a society as the market did not contribute to social cohesion. To counter this, the concept of Vitalpolitik was proposed which centred on the role of the community living in balance with nature, rather than the centralised state associated with an anonymous industrial society.
Liability and Private Property: Confronting the Perfect Externalizing Machine
Authors: Aubrey Thomas
Published: January 2023

Eucken was hostile towards the concept of limited liability as he thought directors ought to be accountable for their decisions. Such an approach, he argued, facilitated the dispersal of power while promoting a free society through personal responsibility. While Eucken promoted the concept of private property, the ordoliberals argued that such rights were contingent on benefiting society, which required competition. Eucken was also somewhat sceptical of patents which conveyed a temporary monopoly, which only increased the concentration of power.
Moving towards a regime of unlimited liability is impractical today, however, ensuring directors are held accountable for their decisions, along with increased oversight from long term shareholders can prevent the concentration of power. Where competition is not possible natural monopolies ought to be communally owned, and rules are needed to prevent unearned income flowing to individuals such as the rewards from land speculation. An alternative approach to fostering innovation that is less dependent on patents is where the state plays a greater role in research and innovation and licenses out technologies to multiple firms, thereby reducing concentrations of power.
Structure of the State: Community and Vitalpolitik
Authors: Aubrey Thomas
Published: January 2023

Rüstow and Röpke attempted to counteract the threat of societal alienation by arguing communities had to be the foundation for social and economic development or Vitalpolitik, which was necessary to complement the market. These communities would be based on individuals and their families in a decentralised economic system, taking into account the natural environment. Thus placemaking played a pivotal role in equalising power between places, as well as a balance between industrial and environmental concerns. Social policy had to be embedded into the fabric of economic policy with a dynamic economy supported by contributory insurance schemes. Where insurance contracts were not practicable, the state had to provide a basic level of welfare to all citizens.
This foundation could also serve as the basis for closer interaction with other like-minded communities. By equalising the starting conditions for economic interaction, the European Union via its single market has created a unique political structure which exemplifies the voluntary principle. However, such organisations must ensure that legitimation is bottom up which remains a fundamental challenge for the legitimation of the EU.