bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crianças em seguimento ambulatorial: perspectivas do atendimento evidenciadas por entrevista com fantoche
Authors: Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Machado Júlia Rezende , Luchetta Letícia Falsarella , Banca Rebecca Ortiz La , Sparapani Valéria de Cássia , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Cartagena-Ramos Denisse , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: February 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a perspectiva da criança sobre a própria condição de saúde, suas experiências relacionadas ao atendimento ambulatorial hospitalar e ao uso de fantoches como estratégia lúdica para a coleta de dados. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, incluiu 16 crianças diagnosticadas com doenças crônicas, recrutadas em um ambulatório pediátrico do interior paulista. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2016 mediante entrevista semiestruturada e utilizou-se o fantoche como recurso facilitador na comunicação. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da análise temática indutiva. RESULTADOS Foram construídos quatro temas: “criança em seguimento ambulatorial: o que elas sabem?”; “emoções que perpassam o seguimento ambulatorial”; “o ambulatório dos meus sonhos”; e “a utilização dos fantoches e o universo lúdico da entrevista”. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS Foi possível identificar o motivo e os principais sentimentos vivenciados durante o atendimento ambulatorial, assim como as preferências das crianças acerca dos aspectos físicos e estruturais do ambulatório.
A morte e o morrer: contributos para uma prática sustentada em referenciais teóricos de enfermagem
Authors: Cardoso Maria Filomena Passos Teixeira , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva
Published: February 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar a concordância dos enfermeiros sobre as concepções de enfermagem com potencial para sustentar a sua prática no âmbito da morte e dos processos de morrer. MÉTODO Estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em 36 hospitais de Portugal, de julho de 2015 a março de 2016, com participação de 3451 enfermeiros. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se o questionário e na análise recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS Dentre as concepções com potencial para sustentar a prática, os enfermeiros salientam as de Virginia Henderson, Afaf Meleis e Madeleine Leininger. As variáveis que afetam o grau de concordância são: região, serviço, gênero, formação profissional e tempo de exercício profissional. CONCLUSÃO Considerando os atuais desafios, de uma prática predominantemente centrada na satisfação das necessidades, emerge a pertinência da intencionalidade da ação dos enfermeiros, no sentido de facilitar a vivência da morte e dos processos de morrer, de formas culturalmente significativas.
Conhecimentos e práticas para a prevenção do pé diabético
Authors: Ramirez-Perdomo Claudia , Perdomo-Romero Alix , Rodríguez-Vélez María
Published: February 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever os problemas e as práticas realizadas para a prevenção do pé diabético. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo, transversal com amostragem aleatória estratificada, em 304 pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Os dados foram coletados com o uso de um instrumento delineado pelas pesquisadoras que avalia aspectos sociodemográficos e o nível de conhecimentos e práticas dos participantes no cuidado dos pés para a prevenção do pé diabético. RESULTADOS A avaliação dos cuidados na prevenção do pé diabético mostra conhecimentos de níveis baixo e médio, enquanto as práticas foram medianamente adequadas. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados dos conhecimentos e práticas orientadas para a prevenção do pé diabético não pouco animadores, e frente a este panorama são relevantes os programas de atenção primária, onde de utilize uma educação efetiva da parte de enfermeiros, como mecanismo para modificar os comportamentos de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus.
Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Units: diagnosis and therapeutic approach
Authors: Constancio Natasha Silva , Ferraz Maria Lucia Gomes , Martins Carmen Tzanno Branco , Kraychete Angiolina Campos , Bitencourt Paulo Lisboa , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: February 2019

Abstract According to data from the last census of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN), the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Brazilian hemodialysis units (HU) is 3.3%, about three times higher than what is reported for the Brazilian general population. Often, professionals working in HU are faced with clinical situations that require rapid HCV diagnosis in order to avoid horizontal transmission within the units. On the other hand, thanks to the development of new antiviral drugs, the cure of patients with HCV, both in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease and the disease eradication, appear to be very feasible objectives to be achieved in the near future . In this scenario, SBN and the Brazilian Society of Hepatology present in this review article a proposal to approach HCV within HUs.
Application of indices for water resource systems stress assessment
Authors: Faro Guilherme Todt Cardoso de , Garcia Joaquin Ignácio Bonnecarrère , Oliveira Cristiano de Pádua Milagres , Ramos Mara Regina Samensatto
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT This paper aims to present a methodology to conduct a water stress assessment of water resources systems through indices. The proposed methodology was applied to Cantareira System, which is one of the most important water supply systems of São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR). The authors used two indices to support this evaluation: Normalized Deficit Index (NDI) and Normalized Deficit Cumulated (NDC). Both of them consider only the natural flow as the renewable source of water (supply), and account for natural and anthropic uses of this water (demand) as a way to determine the dependence level that the area relies on endogenous and/or exogenous sources of water to meet its needs. To support this assessment, two meteorological drought indices were used as well: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Drought Magnitude (DM). The diagnosis of a water supply system, a country, region or even district, based on indices that represent the local water risk, is extremely important not only to bring a better understanding of extreme events, such as droughts and floods, but also to support strategic decision-making process regarding water resources management. This sort of assessment is a useful tool, for instance, in indicating eventual necessity of water storage, such as large reservoirs, or interbasin water transfers, which could improve the water security levels of the study unit.
Estimating design hydrographs at the basin scale: from event-based to continuous hydrological simulation
Authors: Fleischmann Ayan Santos , Collischonn Walter , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Design hydrographs are widely used in practical hydrologic engineering problems. Typical applications adopt event-based (EBM) methods, using rainfall-runoff models to convert design hyetographs into design hydrographs. Uncertainties include the definition of antecedent conditions and the assumption of equivalence between hyetograph and hydrograph return periods. An alternative is to use continuous simulation (CSM) methods, by forcing a rainfall-runoff model with long precipitation series, and directly analyzing the output discharges. To better understand uncertainties in the EBM method and differences between CSM and EBM ones, we applied a hydrological model in the Itajaí-Açu river basin to compare a CSM method with 730 different simulations of an EBM one, considering different basin antecedent conditions and design hyetographs (10- and 50-years). Results indicated that the EBM method leads to a large range of design discharges depending on the antecedent condition. CS-based 10- and 50-years maximum discharges corresponded to percentiles between 30% and 50% of the EBM estimates. Higher discharge variation occurred in sub-basins with larger maximum soil water storage. Our conclusions agree with the literature, which points towards CSM-based methods to estimate design discharges.
MADAME DE STAËL, BENJAMIN CONSTANT E A REAVALIAÇÃO DO ARBÍTRIO APÓS O GOLPE DO 18 FRUTIDOR
Authors: Freller Felipe
Published: February 2019

O artigo examina o golpe do 18 Frutidor do Ano V como um teste das proposições teórico-políticas de Madame de Staël e Benjamin Constant formuladas após o 9 Termidor. Argumenta-se que os autores concebiam a erradicação absoluta do arbítrio como o principal desafio da República termidoriana, procurando equilibrar esse desafio com o princípio da soberania do povo e a proteção da República e da ordem social contra a opinião majoritária do momento. O golpe do 18 Frutidor é interpretado como um evento que pôs à prova esse projeto, obrigando Staël e Constant a buscarem uma forma de incorporar o arbítrio ao sistema institucional de forma domesticada, evitando-se sua transformação em tirania. Decorreriam dessa revisão do lugar do arbítrio a “ditadura das instituições” de Staël e o “poder neutro” de Constant. Porém, a incerteza dos autores sobre a eficácia última de suas propostas revela uma aporia da então embrionária democracia moderna.
BRIGAR JUNTO CONTRA O GOVERNO: ALIANÇAS E DISPUTAS NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM PLANO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Lacerda Renata Barbosa
Published: February 2019

Este artigo analisa de que maneira sujeitos sociais heterogêneos, que possuem divergências ou hostilidade entre si, se mobilizaram conjuntamente para a realização de um bloqueio de rodovia no Sudoeste do Pará. Por meio dessa forma de briga contra o governo, demandaram a redelimitação de um assentamento e uma unidade de conservação criados pelo Plano BR-163 Sustentável, que “mudou as regras” de acesso à terra e recursos naturais. Em diálogo com questões teóricas sobre ética, sociabilidade e conflitos sociais e com base nas narrativas de trabalhadores rurais, produtores rurais, garimpeiros, madeireiros e comerciantes sobre suas histórias de vida e o protesto, argumentamos que compartilham valores e refletem eticamente sobre as relações de dominação com o governo e entre si. Com isso, demonstramos que está em jogo não só a flexibilização de regulamentações ambientais e fundiárias, mas disputas por modos de governar recursos naturais, sujeitos, mobilizações e políticas públicas.
Grain Yield Losses and Economic Threshold Level Of GR® F2 Volunteer Corn in Cultivated F1 Hybrid Corn
Authors: PIASECKI C. , RIZZARDI M.A.
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn is competitive with cultivated corn and the degree of interference varies according to their density and origin. This study aimed to determine the grain yield losses of GR® F1 hybrid corn as a function of the interferences with GR® F2 volunteer corn densities from individual plants and clumps, and determine the of economic threshold (ET). Two experiments were carried out in the field in a randomized block design with four replications and eight volunteer corn densities between 0 and 12 individual plants or clumps m-2. Each clump consisted of seven corn plants adhered to a piece of the rachis in the same point. The rectangular hyperbola model fitted to the percentage of grain yield losses of corn, generating the parameters for determining ET, which was calculated as a function of cost (US$ ha-1) and efficiency (%) of corn control, the price paid for corn (US$ kg-1), and corn grain yield (kg ha-1). Grain yield losses ranged from 2.7% to 34% for densities of 0.5 and 12 individual plants m-2 and 6.1% to 42% for 0.5 and 12 clumps m-2, respectively. The joint analysis of the results of experiments showed that from density of 2 m2 clumps are more competitive than individual plants and causes higher yield losses on cultivated corn. The average ET was 0.44 individual plants m-2 and 0.19 clumps m-2. However, from these densities, the control should be performed. Increases in corn grain yield and price paid, higher corn control efficiency, and a decrease in control costs promote a reduction in ET of volunteer corn in corn.
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil with Sulfentrazone by Different Density of Crotalaria juncea
Authors: FERRAÇO M. , BELO A.F. , PIRES F.R. , BONOMO R. , FILHO A.C.
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: In phytoremediation programs of contaminated soil with herbicides, it is necessary to determine the appropriate density of phytoremediation species, since this practice will contribute to the efficiency of the process. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the influence of density in Crotalaria juncea on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils with the sulfentrazone herbicide. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using plastics pots. The treatments were the combination of density of C. juncea, (0, 60, 120 and 240 plants m-2) and doses of sulfentrazone (0, 200 and 400 g i.a. ha-1). The herbicide was applied on the pots and then the species used for phytoremediation were sown. At 75 days after emergence, the plants were cut close to the ground and discarded. Posteriorly, the bioindicator species for sulfentrazone, Pennisetum glaucum, was planted in each pot. In the absence of previous cultivation of C. juncea, the fresh mass and dry mass of shoot and root of P. glaucum were lower than those obtained with the previous cultivation. As the density of C. juncea increased, there was an increase in fresh mass and dry mass, regardless of the sulfentrazone dose applied to the soil. The earlier cultivation of C. juncea led to the remediation of the soil contaminated with sulfentrazone. The minimum density of C. juncea which allows P. glaucum to develop is 120 plants m-2.
Structure and ecological aspects of zooplankton (Testate amoebae, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) in highland streams in southern Brazil
Authors: Picapedra Pablo Henrique dos Santos , Fernandes Cleomar , Baumgartner Gilmar
Published: February 2019

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to characterize the zooplankton structure in highland streams in southern Brazil, Pelotas River sub-basin, as well as the respective relationships with the environmental conditions in the different seasons. Methods Zooplankton was collected using a plankton net (68 µm mesh) and concentrated into a volume of 50 ml for later analysis in the laboratory. Sampling occurred during the winter (August 2013), spring (November 2013), summer (February 2014) and autumn (May 2014). Results Rotifers and testate amoebae were the predominant groups. Mean abundance, diversity and evenness varied considerably between the different seasons. The variability of zooplankton was correlated to environmental conditions (conductivity, suspended solids, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen). Conclusions The seasonal variation of the zooplankton community made it possible to elucidate some questions involving the ecology of these organisms in highland streams in southern Brazil. These unique ecosystems warrant further research and monitoring efforts, including studies of their hydrological patterns, biological diversity and adaptive mechanisms of the zooplankton community.
Long-term effects of a rural landscape on the structure and trophic organization of a fish assemblage
Authors: Manoel Pedro Sartori , Uieda Virginia Sanches
Published: February 2019

Abstract Aim We investigated the long-term effects of a rural landscape on the structure and trophic organization of a fish assemblage. Methods We compared environmental data and data from fish assemblage structure and trophic organization sampled in a stream located in a rural area, within a time gap of 20 years. Results We observed only punctual changes in the environmental variables and fish structure, which may not be related to the rural landscape. In fish diet, insectivory remained predominant in all sample periods. However, when we analyzed the groups of hexapods consumed by the fish species, we found a substitution of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera by Diptera over time. Conclusions Although the fish assemblage structure was not affected, the insectivore diet analysis showed that the stream stretch could be in an ongoing process of environmental quality loss, once the simplification in the macroinvertebrates assemblage structure over time is indicative of environmental degradation.
Methods of sampling benthic invertebrates in lotic habitats: a spatial and temporal evaluation
Authors: Cunha Larissa Lima da , Alves Maria Ines Bulgari , Ono Erika Ramos , Uieda Virginia Sanches
Published: February 2019

Abstract Aim We compared the effectiveness of two sampling devices, the Surber sampler and the D-frame net, commonly used in the analysis of invertebrate fauna structure in biomonitoring programs. These programs use the response of benthic invertebrates to assess changes in aquatic ecosystems because they respond quickly to spatial and temporal variations. However, the lack of consensus on the best method of sampling the fauna may reduce the quality of these studies. Methods We evaluated both devices in four structurally different reaches of streams, two in places with preserved riparian vegetation and two occurring in places with many anthropic disturbances. We repeated the analysis at the dry season of two consecutive years. Results The two samplers were equally effective in analyzing the benthic fauna and sensitive enough to identify spatial and temporal variation in the structure of this fauna, influenced by the presence or absence of riparian vegetation, by the position of the reach with this vegetation (upstream or downstream of the reach without vegetation) and the characteristics of the substrate. Conclusions The analyzed fauna structure was similar for the two samplers, but we consider the use of Surber more advantageous and effective because it collects a smaller number of individuals, reducing the time of processing and identifying in the laboratory, and allows a better definition of the area sampled.
Limnology of shallow lakes of the semi-arid Central Pampa of Argentina
Authors: Echaniz Santiago Andrés , Vignatti Alicia María
Published: February 2019

Abstract Aim The Central Pampa of Argentina has three recognized phytogeographic regions that arise due to the decrease in rainfall towards the west. The area has numerous lakes that are mainly temporary, with hydroperiods that relate to climatic cycles, although some of them have changed due to anthropogenic influence. Some of these lakes have been studied with special reference to zooplankton, but information on their physical and chemical aspects is scarce. Consequently, managing and evaluating the anthropogenic effects on these ecosystems is challenging. The objective of this study was to explore the limnological characteristics of lakes in different regions in the Central Pampa that experience different anthropic influences. Methods Ten lakes were sampled seasonally (January, April, July, and October) during 2007. In situ measurements included transparency, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration, and 2-L water samples were collected to determine salinity, ion composition, suspended solids, nutrient concentration, and phytoplankton chlorophyll- a concentration. Results Salinity ranged from 0.32-136.72 g L-1, with Na+ being the dominant ion in nine lakes and Cl- and HCO3- predominating in the higher- and lower-salinity lakes respectively. Nutrient concentrations were high (total Kjeldahl nitrogen: 7.97-34.69 mg L-1; total phosphorous: 4.07-14.82 mg L-1), and all lakes were hypertrophic. We determined three lake classes: i) lakes transformed from low-salinity lakes into hypersaline ones through human inactivation of the fluvial system that fed it; ii) mesosaline temporary lakes lacking fish, with low concentrations of chlorophyll-a and influenced by agricultural activities, and iii) subsaline and hyposaline lakes, highly modified by urban sewage, converted in permanent lakes (which allowed fish fauna development) and with reduced water transparency (due to high concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a). Conclusions The chemical diversity of the studied lakes is low, and their predominance of Na+ and Cl- indicated that evaporation and crystallization control the water chemistry. Additionally, this study showed the consequences of the anthropic impact, which alter water chemical composition, trophic structure and, thus, the ecological characteristics of lakes.
Postsurgical Approaches in Low-Grade Oligodendroglioma: Is Chemotherapy Alone Still an Option?
Authors: Franceschi Enrico , Tosoni Alicia , De Biase Dario , Lamberti Giuseppe , Danieli Daniela , Pizzolitto Stefano , Zunarelli Elena , Visani Michela , Di Oto Enrico , Mura Antonella , Minichillo Santino , Scafati Chiara , Asioli Sofia , Paccapelo Alexandro , Bartolini Stefania , Brandes Alba A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (mut) and 1p19q codeletion (codel) have a median overall survival of longer than 10 years. The aim of this study is to assess the role of postsurgical treatments.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

We evaluated patients with LGGs with IDH mut and 1p19q codel; IDH1/2 was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In all wild-type cases, we performed next-generation sequencing. 1p19 codel analysis was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results

Among the 679 patients, 93 with LGGs with IDH mutation and 1p19q codel were included. Median follow-up (FU) was 96.1 months. Eighty-four patients (90.3%) were high risk according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. After surgery, 50 patients (53.7%) received only FU, 17 (18.3%) chemotherapy (CT), and 26 (30.1%) radiotherapy (RT) with (RT + CT, 8 patients, 8.6%) or without (RT, 18 patients, 19.4%) chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 46.3 months, 50.8 months, 103.6 months, and 120.2 months in patients with FU alone, with CT alone, with RT alone, or with RT + CT, respectively. Median PFS was significantly longer in patients who received postsurgical treatment (79.5 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.4–92.7) than patients who received FU (46.3 months, 95% CI: 36.0–56.5). Moreover, mPFS was longer in patients who received RT (alone or in combination with CT, n = 26, 113.8 months, 95% CI: 57.2–170.5) than those who did not (n = 67, 47.3 months, 95% CI: 36.4–58.2). In particular, temozolomide alone did not improve PFS with respect to FU.

Conclusion

RT with or without chemotherapy, but not temozolomide alone, could extend PFS in IDH mut 1p19q codel LGGs.
Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Genital Hijyen Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Demirağ Hatice
Published: February 2019

Amaç:
Bu çalışma, sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin genital hijyen
davranışlarının incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi
Kelkit Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu paramedik kız öğrencileri (n=100)
oluşturdu. Çalışma anketini doldurmayı kabul eden öğrencilere (n=97)
“katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikler” ve “genital hijyen davranışları
ölçeği”nin bulunduğu anket formu (Mayıs-Haziran 2018) dolduruldu. Verilerin
değerlendirilmesinde (SPSS 18.00 paket programında) sayı-yüzdelik dağılımı,
ortalama ve bağımsız t-testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular:
Katılımcıların yaş ortalamasının 20,01±1,12
(min:18, max:23) olduğu, %55,7’sinin birinci sınıf olduğu, %27’sinin Akdeniz
bölgesinden geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Genital hijyen davranışları ölçeği puan ortalamasının
86,89±7,124 (min:68, max:108) bulundu. Katılımcıların %70,1’inin haftada en az bir kez
banyo yaptığı, %90,7’sinin iç çamaşırlarını sadece kendinin kullandığını fakat %2,1’inin
başkalarıyla ortak kullandığı, %20,6’sının iç çamaşırlarını 3-4 günde bir
değiştirdiği, %41,2’sinin tuvalete girmeden önce ellerini yıkadığını, %2,1’inin
tuvalleten sonra ellerinin yıkayıp yıkamadığı konusunda karasız olduğu,
63,9’unun tuvaletten sonra temizliğini her zaman önden arkaya doğru yaptığı,
%92,8’inin adet dönemlerimde sadece hazır ped kullandığı fakat %2,1’inin adet
dönemlerinde bez kullandığı, %3,1’inin ped değiştirmeden önce ellerimi
yıkamadığı fakat %92,8’inin ped değiştirdikten sonra ellerimi yıkadığı, %3,1’inin
adetli iken pedini yalnızca iyice dolduğu zaman değiştirdiği belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç:
Sonuç olarak; kız öğrencilerin genital hijyen alışkanlıkları ve adet hijyeni
alışkanlıklarında yetersiz oldukları saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ped değişimi
sırasında, tuvalete öncesi ve sonrasında el hijyenin önemi, genital
enfeksiyonlar ve üreme sağlığı konusunda eğitim verilmesi gerektiği tespit
edilmiştir.
Крупный бизнес в путинской России: старые и новые источники влияния на власть
Authors: Матвеев Илья Александрович
Published: February 2019

Илья Александрович Матвеев – кандидат политических наук, доцент, факультет сравнительных политических исследований, Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС. Адрес: 199178, Санкт-Петербург, Средний пр. В.О., д. 57/43. E-mail: matveev.ilya@yahoo.com

Цитирование: Матвеев И.А. (2019) Крупный бизнес в путинской России: старые и новые источники влияния на власть // Мир России. Т. 28. № 1. С. 54–74. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-1-54-74

В научной литературе преобладает точка зрения, согласно которой российский крупный бизнес в путинский период оказался полностью подчинен власти, что выражается, в частности, в полном запрете на поддержку оппозиции и принудительном финансировании важных для государства проектов. Однако стремительный рост числа российских миллиардеров и их совокупного состояния в 2000–2010-е годы указывает на формирование в России политической и институциональной среды, благоприятной для крупного бизнеса. В настоящей статье утверждается, что картина политического влияния крупных собственников остается неполной без учета таких факторов, как структурная власть бизнеса (зависимость государства от экономических решений, принимаемых крупными компаниями), информационная асимметрия между государством и  капиталом (преимущество крупных компаний в области информации и экспертизы), а  также инструментальная власть бизнеса (формальные и неформальные каналы влияния). Если в 1990-е годы российский крупный бизнес обладал крайне высокой инструментальной, но низкой структурной властью, то в 2000-е и 2010-е годы на первый план выходит именно структурная зависимость государства от капитала: руководство страны проводит политику, выгодную крупным собственникам, с целью поддержать уровень инвестиций и экономического роста. В то же время у крупного бизнеса появляются новые каналы неформального влияния на власть, такие как сближение с бизнесменами из путинского ближнего круга. Согласно собранной в рамках исследования информации из открытых источников, 9 из 96 миллиардеров из российского рейтинга Forbes за 2017 год имеют или имели в прошлом широкие деловые связи с четырьмя близкими к В.В. Путину бизнесменами. Все эти факторы позволяют российскому крупному бизнесу играть активную, а не подчиненную роль в отношениях с государством.
Biocytin/Neurobiotin staining followed by immunostaining v1
Authors: Yu Jianing , Svoboda Karel
Published: February 2019

Antibody staining on thick (100-200 um) brain slices
Mammalian Cell Staining v3
Authors: Schackart Kenneth , Kaarj Kattika
Published: February 2019

This protocol details how to stain mammalian cells cultured on a 96-well plate. Actin filaments, focal adhesion sites (as indicated by the presence of vinculin), and nuclei will be stained.
Data for manuscript: Estimation of seed yield in oilseed rape to identify the potential of semi-resynthesized parents for the development of new hybrid cultivars v1
Authors: Szała Laurencja , Kaczmarek Zygmunt , Popławska Wiesława , Liersch Alina , Wójtowicz Marek , Matuszczak Marcin , R. Biliński Zdzisław , Sosnowska Katarzyna , Stefanowicz Michał , Cegielska-Taras Teresa
Published: February 2019

Resynthesized (RS) Brassica napus can be used to increase the genetic diversity of this important crop plant and to develop the heterotic gene pool required for successful hybrid breeding programmes. The level of heterosis in F1 hybrids depends on the individual performance of the parents and on the degree of genetic difference between them. However, RS forms obtained from crosses of B. rapa ssp. with B. oleracea ssp. possess many undesirable agronomic traits, such as low quality of seeds, low yield and seed oil content, high erucic acid level in the oil and high glucosinolate content in seed meal. Therefore, RS oilseed rape needs to be improved by crossing with natural double-low oilseed rape, leading to selected double-low quality semi-RS lines that can be used for breeding. In this study, we evaluated the seed yield potential of F1 hybrids derived from crosses between Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) lines and doubled haploid (DH) semi-RS restorer lines in three locations in Poland. The genotype by environment interaction (GE interaction) and general combining ability (GCA) of the restorer and CMS line effects, as well as the effects of heterosis, were also assessed. The results of the study provide the first insights into the use of semi-RS lines as components for the development of new hybrid cultivars. Even the introduction of 50% of the RS oilseed rape genotype to natural restorer lines resulted in a marked heterosis effect, with seed yield ranging from 4.56% to 90.17% more than that of the better parent. The yield of the best hybrid amounted to 108.6% of the seed yield of the open-pollinated cultivar Monolit and 94.4% of that of the hybrid cultivar Arsenal. The best DH semi-RS line, S1, which had a significantly positive GCA for seed yield, can be recommended as a possible parent for inclusion in breeding programmes aimed at developing new hybrid cultivars.
Boşlukları Doldurunuz: Öğrenciler Okulda ……… Oynamak İstiyor
Authors: SAMUR Yavuz , ÖZKAN Zeynep
Published: February 2019

Herkes özellikle çocuklar oyun oynamayı sever ve biz onların okulda oyun oynamasını istiyoruz çünkü artık okullar yeni “sokaklarımız” oldu. Ancak biz onların hangi oyunları oynamayı istediğini bilmiyoruz. Bu çalışma “Öğrenciler okulda hangi oyunları oynamak istiyor?” ve “Öğrenciler okulda belirtikleri oyunları neden oynamak istiyor?” sorularına yönelik olarak 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Türkiye’de özel okullarda öğrenim görmekte olan 5218 ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında internet üzerinden açık uçlu anket ile öğrencilerin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen görüşlerden elde edilen bulgular incelenerek öğrencilerin oyun tercihleri ve oyunu tercih etme nedenleri sınıf düzeylerine ve cinsiyetlerine göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin okulda oynamayı istediği oyunlar futbol, saklambaç, basketbol, yerden yüksek ve voleyboldur. Öğrencilerin okulda oynamayı tercih ettiği oyunlar cinsiyetlere göre farklılık göstermektedir ancak sınıf düzeylerine göre ise benzerdir. Çalışmanın bir diğer sonucu da öğrencilerin oyunları eğlenceli oldukları için tercih etmektedir ve öğrencilerin oyunları oynama nedenleri hem cinsiyete hem de sınıf düzeyine göre incelendiğinde benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PAPEL DO ENFERMEIRO DO TRABALHO FRENTE ÀS DOENÇAS OCUPACIONAIS NA VISÃO DOS DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Dias Josivânia Alves , Silva Paulo Emanuel , Silva Glaydes Nely Sousa da , Virgínio Nereide De Andrade
Published: February 2019

Atualmente, existem 35 Normas regulamentadoras acerca da saúde do trabalhador. Ressalta-se que a Portaria nº 3.214, de junho de 1978 possui o papel de contribuir especificamente para normatizar a Segurança e Saúde do Trabalhador. Torna-se importante enfatizar que a enfermagem do trabalho exerce papel de suma importância dentro de uma empresa, pois a mesma atua na prevenção, promoção e proteção à saúde frente aos riscos no ambiente de trabalho, uma vez que a organização do trabalho interfere na vida do trabalhador. Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo descritivo e exploratório, dividido em 2 etapas, uma com abordagem quantitativa e outra com abordagem qualitativa, realizado nas Faculdades Nova Esperança, da cidade de João Pessoa, PB. A coleta dos dados ocorreu após aprovação do Projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, e realizada com uma amostra de 26 acadêmicos de enfermagem, por meio da aplicação de um formulário de entrevista e um questionário. Os resultados apontaram que os entrevistados consideram importante o enfermeiro do trabalho por ser um profissional habilitado para proporcionar a preservação da saúde e valorização do trabalhador. Além disso, a maioria reconhece sua importância mediante o fato de abranger a saúde do trabalhador. Observou-se ainda, que os entrevistados detêm conhecimento correto acerca dos agentes causadores de riscos ocupacionais no trabalho. Assim, conclui-se que os entrevistados possuem entendimento sobre a importância do enfermeiro do trabalho para a saúde do trabalhador.
THE US CONSTITUTION: RECEPTION OF ANTIQUITY
Authors: Sribniak M.
Published: February 2019

The article indicates that ancient examples played the essential role during early US history. It was a vital aspect which had a significant impact on the essence of the American Constitution. Delegates of the Philadelphian Convention appealed to the ideas of ancient philosophers as well as historical background of ancient Greece and Rome. It was common for the speeches at the convention to point out various events, connected with the history of Athens, Sparta and Carthage, albeit Roman Republic was the main source for resemblance.

The heritage of such ancient philosophers, as Plato, Aristotle, Polybius, Cicero and partly Tacitus and Livy influenced the vision of American political elite of that period, which was particularly represented by Tomas Jefferson, James Wilson, John Adams and George Washington. The article demonstrates that the astonishing number of highly intelligent people with university education participated in the discussions at Philadelphian Convention. Such individuals easily read original Greek and Roman works.

The US Founding Fathers widely cited positive examples of federalism and republic, although they made an accent on the negative ancient experience of tyranny in order to justify their views on the Constitution. Therefore, the US Constitution shows in accordance with the text the remarkable influence of ancient thinkers and their ideas concerning this document.
Network meta-analysis: a comparison of effectiveness and safety of partial agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors varenicline and cytisine for smoking cessation
Authors: Radchenko Elena V. , Sykhovskaya Olga A. , Galankin Timofey L. , Kolbin Aleksei S. , Smirnova Maria A.
Published: February 2019

Background. Partial agonists of α4b2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the most effective treatment strategy for tobacco smoking cessation. They are able to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and to reduce smoking satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to review the efficacy and safety of nicotinic receptor partial agonists varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation.

Methods. A search for randomized controlled trials was done using the terms (“cytisine”, “tabex”, “varenicline” or 'partial agonists of nicotinic receptors’) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, eLibrary in May 2018. Types of participants, the doses and duration of the treatments, efficacy and safety parameters, quality of randomization and blinding procedures were evaluated. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed.

Results. Cytisine overcame placebo in the 12, 24 and 52 weeks of therapy with the following odds ratios (ORs) for abstinence: 3.3 (95% CrI 1.8–5.8), 3.9 (2.4–6.7), 3.8 (CrI 1.3–11,9) accordingly. Varenicline in 2 mg/day dose overcame placebo in the 12, 24 and 52 weeks of therapy with the ORs: 4.0 (3.3–4.7), 3.1 (2.5–3.7), 2.9 (2.2–4.1) accor dingly. Varenicline in 1 mg/day dose overcame placebo in 12 and 52 weeks of therapy, the ORs were 3.0 (2.0–4.7) and 2.3 (1.3–4.4) accordingly. Varenicline in 0.5 mg/day dose overcame placebo in 12 weeks of therapy only with the OR 2.4 (1.3–4.4). Cytisine and varenicline 2 mg/day were associated with more gastrointestinal disturbances than placebo with the ORs 6.2 (2.1–22.8) and 2.4 (2.0–2.8) accordingly. Cytisine and varenicline 2 mg/day were associated with more psychiatric problems than placebo with ORs 5.2 (1.9–15.1) and 1.6 (1.3–1.9) accordingly. There was no difference in serious adverse events between the investigated drugs and placebo: OR for cytisine was 2.4 (0.8–6.8), varenicline 0.5 mg/day – 2.0 (0.5–6.6), varenicline 1.0 mg/day – 1.0 (0.3–2.7), varenicline 2 mg/day – 1.0 (0.7–1.4).

Conclusion. Cytisine was proved to be as effective and safe aid for smoking cessation as varenicline.
Neurodystrophic component of pathogenesis of the acute postoperative pancreatitis and its prevention by epidural anesthesia
Authors: Zabrodin Oleg N. , Strashnov Viktor I.
Published: February 2019

The data on the etiology and pathogenesis of acute postoperative pancreatitis (APP) are analyzed. It is noted that in its pathogenesis, currently, the main attention is paid to the factors of aggression in the pancreas: the activation of proteolytic enzymes and autocatalytic reactions leading to damage of the acinous cells, microcirculation disturbance, and enhancement of free radical oxidation. This determines the prevention and treatment of acute postoperative pancreatitis with the use the inhibition of protease and exocrine secretion of pancreas, antioxidants and cytostatics. Biochemical mechanisms of resistance of the pancreas tissue to damage are given much less attention. The authors substantiate the proposition that organ tissue resistance, besides adequate microcirculation and oxygenation, is determined by the mechanisms of nerve tropism mediated through the sympathetic nervous system. Experimental and clinical data are presented that irritation of the reflexogenic pyloroduodenal zone, in particular during operations in conditions of inadequate anesthesia, leads to hyper activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased release of the noradrenaline, subsequent depletion of its content in the pancreas tissues. Therefore adrenergic support of trophic (energy and plastic processes) in the pancreas is disrupted, contributing to the development of postoperative complications, including acute postoperative pancreatitis. Taking into account that epidural anesthesia performs afferent and efferent, including sympathetic, blockades; the substantiations are given for use epidural anesthesia for acute postoperative pancreatitis prevention in abdominal operations in combination with the components of general anesthesia.
“Сhinese date”, “Lungberry” - elitist plant drug of the ancientest asiatic traditional medicines (the second report)
Authors: Barnaulov Oleg D.
Published: February 2019

The lot of using Ziziphus jujube in traditional medicines phytotherapy, prescriptions species for treating patients with lung tuberculosis and other lung-bronchial diseases is observed in this article. The high effectiveness of such treating was confirmed by my own clinical experience. Fruits and leaves Zizyphus jujubа in polycomponent plant compositions protected the liver from hepatotoxic action of aggressive drugs. Some information about chemical composition Ziziphus jujube is given. This information permit only limited opportunity to base and gave prognosis of galenic forms activity. Correction carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by Zizyphus jujubа drugs may be used for treating patients with diabetes, arteries atheromatosic injuries. Immunocorrective properties this medical plant concluded in polycomponent compositions may be used for treating patients with sclerosis dissiminata. Effectiveness such compositions confirmed personally by results of phytotherapy more 500 patients with sclerosis dissiminata.
Can these older drugs bring new hope in Rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: L. N. Babu
Published: February 2019

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Percutaneous transolecranon pinning and lateral pinning Vs lateral pinning in displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children: an observative study
Authors: Jindal Ramesh Chand , Singh Manjeet , Sandhu H. S. , Bal Gurwinder Singh , Ratna Harish V. K. , Chawla Jasneet S.
Published: February 2019

Background: Supracondylar fracture (humerus) is type of extra-articular fracture occurring in the distal metaphyseal site of humerus. It is almost exclusively a fracture of the immature skeleton, seen in children and young teenagers. Fractures around the elbow are a great challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Clinical diagnosis may be difficult due to noncooperative patient and massive swelling around the elbow. Displaced type of supracondylar fractures poses problem not only in reduction but also in maintenance of reduced fracture   and   rapid   inclusion   of nerves and vessels.Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 cases of displaced supracondylar fracture humerus in children, aged 2-14 years, who were treated by CRPP with either lateral entry of k-wires or a lateral wire and a vertical wire through olecranon (transolecranon).Results: Both the Groups achieved 90% satisfactory results, but 10% unsatisfactory results recorded in Group A only rather than in Group B.Conclusions: Although the transolecranon wire has the disadvantage of limiting the flexion and extension of the elbow, this does not influence the final-outcome much as the elbow is fixed in a POP splint for minimum 3 weeks-in all patients in both groups.
Predischarge risk factors for predicting significant hyperbilirubinemia in term of infants
Authors: Mehta Nirali , Bhatt R. G. , Vora Hetal , Reddy Dlvya
Published: February 2019

Background: The objective of the study to compare the predictive ability of predischarge serum total bilirubin (STB) and clinical factors for significant hyperbilirubinemia (SHB) in newborn to observe the prediction of the hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: In the prospective study, enlist of healthy newborn infants with >35 weeks gestation, in a tertiary hospital in western India. The serum bilirubin between 36-48 hours of age and risk factors for SHB were identified before discharge. SHB was distinct as a bilirubin level that exceed or was within 1mg/dL (17µmol/L) of the hour-specific phototherapy conduct threshold recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guideline on the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Results: Of 505 infants, 380 infants were included in final analysis, among which 70 babies (22.5%) developed SHB. On univariate analysis STB, gestational age (GA) and percentage of weight loss were found to be predictive of SHB. On multiple logistic regressions, the prognostic ability of predischarge STB is higher than that of percentage of weight loss and GA. The predictive accurateness of predischarge (<48 hours) STB level was comparable to that of percentage of weight loss (AUC=0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.93). However, the prediction model that combined multiple risk factors such as predischarge STB, GA and percentage of weight loss have the best accuracy for predicting SHB.Conclusions: Combination of specific clinical factors (gestational age and percentage of weight loss) with predischarge serum total bilirubin described best predicts development of considerable hyperbilirubinemia.
Assessment of knowledge level on learning disability among primary school teachers
Authors: C. T. Basim Ali , N. Fysal , A. Akhila Thasneem , P. S. Aswathy
Published: February 2019

Background: Learning disability (LD) is one of the major causes of poor scholastic backwardness. Undetected and unmanaged specific LDs result in chronic scholastic backwardness ensuing school dropouts, emotional and behavioral problems such as depression, substance abuse and social delinquency. Since teachers are the ones who first encounter academic difficulties of children, their knowledge and training on LD is of utmost importance in identifying it at an initial stage and to prevent further mental and social damage. This study is to assess the knowledge level of primary school teachers on learning disability.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among government primary school teachers of Malappuram district, Kerala from April 16, 2018 to May 20, 2018.Convenient sampling method was adopted. The study sample consisted of 709 primary school teachers from 21 schools in Malappuram district of Kerala and the teacher’s knowledge level on learning disability was assessed using a questionnaire.Results: Even though majority of the teachers had some knowledge about the outcome and treatment of learning disability, they lack sufficient knowledge about its concepts and causes and it is grossly insufficient for its practical application in the class room.Conclusions: There is a need to improve the knowledge of primary school teachers on LD and to enhance their basic skills in recognizing learning disability at the earliest. This is very important for the management of these children by introducing and applying the appropriate remedial measures on time. This can go a long way in improving the quality of learning among children with poor scholastic performance.
A prospective study on cardiac changes (electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic) in birth asphyxiated neonates admitted in tertiary care centre
Authors: Shadique A. Muhammed , Sailavasan Madhivanan
Published: February 2019

Background: Reduced myocardial performance and cardiac output following perinatal asphyxia may significantly complicate perinatal management and may contribute to increased end-organ damage and mortality. Hence the present study was done with the aim to assess the usefulness of echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and cardiac enzymes in evaluating myocardial damage in perinatal asphyxia neonates and to assess their correlation with different stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and outcome.Methods: The study was conducted in the NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Government Chengalpattu Medical college hospital between August 2017 and August 2018 using 70 birth asphyxiated term babies. The asphyxiated babies were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines and were stratified into HIE stages as per Levene system of classification and were managed as per clinical condition. ECG grading, echo changes were noted. Creatinine kinase-MB (CKMB) levels were measured and documented after 12 hours of life among these babies and were analysed.Results: Of 70 cases, 36 (51.4%) had mild, 26 (37.1%) moderate and 8 (11.4%) severe HIE. Abnormal ECG was observed in 63 cases. Raised CKMB levels were found in 67 (95.7%) and abnormal echo findings were noted in 46 (65.7%) babies. ECG, echo changes and CKMB levels showed increasing abnormalities with increasing severity of HIE (p=0.000, 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). 8 babies in present study expired.Conclusions: Cardiac abnormalities among asphyxiated neonates requires high index of suspicion. ECG abnormalities, echo changes, elevated CK-MB levels in babies with HIE can help us identify neonates at risk of complications and guide in timely intervention that can prevent mortality of these babies and help us achieve better neurological outcome in these babies.
Transnasal endoscopic removal of intra-orbital metallic foreign body
Authors: Ratnakar Shetty Neeraj , Mukund Panjiyar Megha
Published: February 2019

Nasal endoscopic surgeries are a highly rewarding subgroup of otorhinolaryngological procedures. Endoscopic sinus surgeries are commonly performed and endoscopic orbital and optic nerve decompressions are performed routinely in specialized centres. We would like to present a case of endoscopic transnasal removal of intra orbital foreign body which was in situ for 2 months with the aid of a C-arm for on table imaging.

 