bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Viral Vaccine Activity of Zinc(Ⅱ) for Viral Prevention, Entry, Replication, and Spreading During Pathogenesis Process
Authors: Ishida Tsuneo 
Published: October 2021

Anti-viral vaccine activity of Zn2+ ions for viral prevention, pathogenesis processes, and ROS generation causing to oxidative stress have been investigated. AZP is efficient for viral prevention by inhibitions of BSCTV and DNA virus replications. The AZP phenotypes show strongly resistant to virus infection and viral DNA replication could be applied to the prevention of virus infections in humans. ZnOTs exhibit the ability to neutralize HSV-2 virions and blocking HSV-2 attachment activity. Zinc salts can mediate antiviral activity on RSV by altering the ability of the cell to support RSV replication. The effect of zinc sulfate on seroconversion after a simple method vaccination had been identified that accelerated HB vaccination can shorten duration of immunization of this clinical trial for showing its effectiveness. The inhibition of zinc binding activity of hMPV M2-1 protein can lead to the development of novel, live attenuated vaccines as well as antiviral drugs for pneumoviruses. The CCHH zinc finger motif provides potential vaccine candidates for the development of live species-specific attenuated influenza virus vaccines. Chelates zinc ions inhibit HIV-1 replication. The LAIVs are attracting attention as several advantages over inactivated vaccines. Zinc finger reactive compounds also inactivate retroviruses. ZOTEN promoted the presentation of bound HSV-2 virions. The regulated ZFNs in the presence of HIV-1 Tat may provide a safer and novel genome-editing technology for eradicating HIV-1 proviral DNA from infected host cells. Zinc ions inhibit vaccine virus growth. The ZAP inhibits HIV-1 infection by viral mRNAs degradation. ZAP also inhibits the spreading against XMRV. The treatment of viral infections with viral spreading will be achieved and improved the therapeutic effects by using zinc oxide nanoparticles. ROS and RNS within viruses of viral entry, viral replication, and viral spread are generated in all situations. ROS in virus pathogenesis play an important role in cell signaling and regulate hormone action, growth factors, cytokines, transcription, apoptosis, immunomodulation, and neuromodulation, leading to chronic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been occurred in various viral infections. The antioxidant components lead to an excess storage of H2O2, which further increases the hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxide that signal the cell to undergo a programmed cell death. Thus, zinc-associated vaccine activity mechanism against viruses is indicated that the anti-viral vaccine activity of released Zn2+ ions from zinc solutions and ZnO NPs, may be enhanced by Zn2+ ion-induced Zn2+ ions-coordinated adapted immunity, viral growth regulation, and viral apoptosis and death.
Estrogen and Susceptibility of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shi Jingshan
Published: October 2021

Estrogen is of great importance in regulating normal reproductive and non-reproductive functions. Aromatase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of estrogen in the body. The physiological roles of estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). When estrogen levels and/or the expression of its receptor protein are disrupted in the body, it can lead to diseases such as osteoporosis, and may increase susceptibility to diseases such as alzheimer’s disease (AD). This paper reviews the relationship between estrogen and AD susceptibility
Toward a Noninvasive Measurement Method of CO2 Arterial Pressure
Authors: Rima Cheniti Aicha
Published: October 2021

Until now, the measurement of carbon dioxide blood pressure is done ex-vivo, using an invasive process. This paper describes a first step toward a novel noninvasive process for in-vivo measurement of this pressure. As first approximation, the blood solution is modeled as a simple aqueous solution of carbon dioxide in a cylindrical rigid canalization. The Drift flux model and the Young-Laplace equation are employed to describe the fluid behavior. The numerical model relates the carbon dioxide pressure through the mixture pressure and velocity. The spatial distributions of these parameters are implemented to create linear mathematical relations between the mean mixture pressure and the radial velocity variation. As long as we are interested in a non-invasive measuring of the carbon dioxide pressure, a response model is proposed to describe the ultrasound signal backscattered by the considered solution. The linear relations are applied to deduce the carbon dioxide pressure through the measured radial velocity difference, using two computing methods of ultrasound signal. A comparative study is made between them showing the more appropriate process to compute the carbon dioxide pressure.
Law Schools as Legal Aid Providers in Kenya: Challenges and Lessons Learnt from Practice
Authors: Mikinyango Asha , Nguru Judith
Published: October 2021

Legal aid is the provision of free or subsidized legal services to mainly poor and vulnerable people who cannot afford advocate fees. The right to legal aid is well rooted in the international, regional human rights treaty framework to which Kenya party. The provision of legal aid addresses the concerns of the poor and vulnerable by focusing on challenges that foil access to justice. In recognition of this, the Government of Kenya promulgated the Legal Aid Act, 2016 establishing the National Legal Aid Service to provide legal aid services to needy, marginalized, and vulnerable persons. This was a very important move, propelling the Government to prioritize legal aid provision as a right as well as a necessity for promotion of rule of law and access to justice. However, it is imperative to understand that the duty does not squarely fall on the State alone. There is need for non-state actors’ support from private entities like law firms, NGOs, Law schools and any other qualified legal personnel. Without a doubt, several non-state actors are actively offering free or subsidized legal aid and the purpose of this paper is to look at the lessons faced by a non-state actor from the experience of the authors organizing and running events to offer free legal aid. This includes expounding on challenges faced such as constrained funding, language barrier, illiteracy, and ignorance of legal rights. The punchline here is that there is room for all stakeholder to come together and forge a way forward for an improved legal aid framework in Kenya.

Keywords: Law schools, Legal aid clinics, Legal aid, Free legal services, Kenya, access to justice, rule of law.
Enhanced Tribocorrosion Resistance of Superhard Ti-C-N Ceramics Coatings
Authors: Ou Yixiang , Wang H.Q. , Liao B. , Jin X.Y. , Shi C.H. , Ouyang X.P. , Hua Q.S.
Published: October 2021

Cubic transition-metal nitride coatings have been regarded as promising candidates for of marine engineering components in seawater environments. However, the excellent seawater lubrication is hard to achieve due to contradictory relations of hardness and toughness, as well as unstable behaviors at sliding contact surface. As discussed in our previous work about the enhanced tribological behaviors of hard yet tough CrN/Si3N4 multilayer coatings[14], superhard yet tough coatings are highly desired to improve wear resistance and durability in aggressive solutions. Here we report Ti-C-N coatings with Ti(C,N) and small sp2-C phases deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering exhibit simultaneously superhardness of 40.2 GPa and favourable toughness (without radial cracks in HRC indentations). Superhard yet tough Ti-C-N coatings show excellent seawater-lubricating behaviors with extremely low friction coefficient of 0.03 and smooth wear morphologies in 3.5wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. The enhanced tribocorrosion performance are attributed to superhard yet tough properties resulting in the increased resistance of crack initiation and propagation, which restrains synergistic actions of wear and pitting corrosion. In addition, stable self-lubricating amorphous carbon phase at sliding contact surface reduce friction and wear in seawater.
Perspective on mTOR-dependent Protection in Status Epilepticus
Authors: Biagioni Francesca , Celli Roberta , Giorgi Filippo Sean , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Fornai Francesco
Published: October 2021

Background:

The piriform cortex, known as area tempestas, has a high propensity to
trigger limbic epileptic seizures. Recent studies on human patients indicate that a resection containing
the piriform cortex produces a marked improvement in patients suffering from intractable limbic
seizures. This calls for looking back at the pharmacological and anatomical data on area tempestas.
Within the piriform cortex, status epilepticus can be induced by impairing the desensitization
of AMPA receptors. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) is a promising
candidate.

Objective:

The present perspective aims to link the novel role of the piriform cortex with recent evidence
on the modulation of AMPA receptors under the influence of mTORC1. This is based on recent
evidence and preliminary data, leading to the formulation of interaction between mTORC1
and AMPA receptors to mitigate the onset of long-lasting, self-sustaining, neurotoxic status epilepticus.

Methods:

The perspective grounds its method on recent literature along with the actual experimental
procedure to elicit status epilepticus from the piriform cortex and the method to administer the
mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin to mitigate seizure expression and brain damage.

Results:

The available and present perspectives converge to show that rapamycin may disrupt the
seizure circuitry initiated in the piriform cortex to mitigate seizure duration, severity, and brain damage.

Conclusions:

The perspective provides a novel scenario to understand refractory epilepsy and selfsustaining
status epilepticus. It is expected to provide a beneficial outcome in patients suffering
from temporal lobe epilepsy.
Regional Climate Modelling using Advanced Research WRF for simulation of long term rainfall in Uttarakhand Himalaya in CORDEX framework
Authors: Dhar Tanmay
Published: October 2021

Abstract: With the most fragile and complex environment having rich repository of biodiversity and water, the terrains of Uttarakhand Himalaya is always challenging for regional climate modelling. In this work, three different versions of land surface schemes are used to simulate the climate over this complex terrain for the period of 1995-2010 with a horizontal resolution of 0.440 , using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model.
Role of Community Participation in The Regeneration of a Colony: Railway staff Colony (Kamrup, Assam)
Authors: Chowdhury Nirmitsaa
Published: October 2021

Abstract: In the recent period of fast economic development, population growth and demands, and changing lifestyles, most outdated regions in metropolitan centers have faced many difficulties in making the required adjustments and adaptations to current needs and changes. This paper looks at the role of community participation in urban regeneration projects and reviving run-down areas and how it can be used to help localities in economic as well as social renewal without changing the identity of the area. The urban regeneration of a Railway Staff Neighbourhood (N.F., B. Colony) in the district of Kamrup Metropolitan, Assam, North-Eastern India, is the subject of this research. The paper also aims at an urban reuse idea to develop a regenerative approach as a countermeasure to urban degradation, with a strategy that involves community engagement in the project. The research was based on numerous site visits and interviewing various stakeholder groups, particularly the local community, at all levels. The study examines a new experience in the neighbourhood in establishing an alternative use of the abandoned quarters based on addressing the community and the problems faced by them. Keywords: Community participation; Urban regeneration; Sustainable development; Railway neighbourhood
Identifying Spammers on Twitter Using Machine Learning: A Survey
Authors: Panwar Akansha
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The emergence of social media like twitter has reduced the size of the world from a humungous oblate ellipsoid to a complex network wherein individuals are just a few clicks away. Twitter, a free micro-blogging social media platform has become ever more popular not only as a social site for communication but also it has become a global source for stance on controversial politics, business advertising and follow up on current news. However, this has also lead to the rise of undesirable activities like spamming and presence of fake accounts. Today, a total of 1.3 billion accounts have been created on twitter and it estimates approximately 23 million of its active users are actually bots. One popular approach suggest to tackle these problems are employing Machine Learning tools to detect spam and subsequently remove them. In this paper, we have presented a detailed analysis on identifying spam accounts by key-features and latest methods, also by using machine learning algorithms and prepared comprehensive review for the best algorithm to implement based on inferences drawn from previous research papers and articles published in this field with discussion on recent features implemented by twitter to eradicate this sophisticated but tough to obliterate issue. Also, we have highlighted some common spammers’ behavior that has been observed over the years. Index Terms: Twitter spam; spam detection; machine learning
Canopy of Plant and Leaf Area Measurement Using MATLAB
Authors: Dogiparthy Rahul
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Agricultural productivity and efficiency are at the center of many of the debates, policies and measures concerning the farming sector. Farmers will need to increase crop production, either by increasing the amount of agricultural land to grow crops or by enhancing productivity. Agriculture being the largest sector of Indian economy struggling very hard to provide enough returns for the farmers and one of the major reasons for this is the inability of the farmer to analyze the end productivity weeks before the produce comes to hand or in the initial stages of crop. Leaf area and Canopy are important traits of plants by which end productivity can be analyzed in the early stages of the crop. Leaf area and canopy of the leaf are the functions of water, nutrients and sun light intake. So, they provide efficient information regarding the plant health status. By comprehending health condition of the plant necessary supplements are given to increase productivity. A sophisticated MATLAB code is developed which takes the pictures and computes the leaf area and canopy. Keywords: Productivity, Leaf area, Canopy, Traits, MATLAB.
Intercultural dimension of the upbringing and educational contents through extracurricular activitie
Authors:   Nansen Dialogue Centre, North Macedonia, Krsteska-Papic Biljana
Published: October 2021

Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) is a multiethnic and multicultural society. The ethnic heterogeneous structure of the population is an indicator that the educational priority should be to support constructive initiatives to promote the idea of intercultural education, as a basic link for cooperation and communication between different ethnic communities. The educational system of the RNM is facing a great challenge in developing prerequisites for intercultural education as a planned and long-term upbringing and educational approach. Starting from the need for advancing the multiethnic and multicultural reality in the country, the Nansen Dialogue Centre Skopje prepared the Conception for Intercultural Education of the RNM. As an official state development document, it provides an opportunity for fostering of upbringing and educational process in direction of improvement of communication, cooperation and understanding between members of different ethnic communities in upbringing and educational institutions. As a philosophy and approach, the intercultural education should be a key tool in the process of initiation and support for building interactive and harmonious relationships in the community. Implementation and coordination of a large number of extracurricular activities may further enrich the quality of intercultural school life. The Nansen model for intercultural education is an educational model in RNM that enables successful integration of students, parents and teachers of different ethnic communities through a modern upbringing and educational process, based on a variety of intercultural extracurricular and project activities.
The Functional-Semantic Analysis of Particles Expressing Simple Negation in the Svan Language1
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Margiani Ketevan , Chankseliani Tamar ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: October 2021

In the Svan language there are more negative particles as compared to other Kartvelian languages – Georgian, Megrelian and Laz. The negative particles in the Svan language form three semantic groups expressing simple negation, negation of possibility and prohibition. The Svan language abounds in simple particles expressing negation: მ m , მ მა m ma, მამა mama, მ დე m de, მადმა madma, მ m , მ მა m ma, მ დე m de, მოდმა modma, დ მა d ma, დ მამ d mam, დ სა d sa, დ სა d sa, დ მის d mis, დ მა d ma, დემე(გ) deme(g), დე de, დეი dei... These particles are considered as allomorphs. However, they can be differentiated based on functional and semantic criteria. The functional differentiation has been carried out by T. Sharadzenidze who proved that the negative particles are used in different types of sentences based on the vowels ( , ე e and ო o) which form part of these particles; On the other hand, these particles are semantically diverse, as they express different degree of categoricity: some of them are neutral, non-categorical, and correspond to the Georgian არ/არა ar/ara (No/Not), while others reveal high degree of categoricity. Such particles are hard to translate. In the oral speech, their semantic nuances are revealed by means of intonation. This is natural, because categoricity and probability are semantically incompatible concepts. Their substitution with less categorical neutral negative particles yields a different interpretation of the subject’s attitude to actions or events in the text.
Intonation of a Declarative Sentence in Megrelian
Authors:   TSU Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi (Georgia), Shengelia Eter
Published: October 2021

The present paper deals with intonation of a declarative sentence in Megrelian. Detailed analysis concerning the issue has never been conducted before. The research has revealed that the Megrelian declarative sentence – simple, simple complicated and compound – begins with a low pitch and ends with falling intonation; some speakers start a declarative sentence with a high pitch but they end it with a falling intonation contour without any exception; even within a sentence, the members gradually fall and rise in tone depending on a speaker’s attitude, i.e. which part of speech they want to focus on. Emphasized parts of speech are outlined in a sentence this way. The results of the research are also important in terms of teaching Megrelian. The Megrelian declarative sentence is mainly characterized by LHL% intonation contour, though HL% intonation contour can also be found in rare cases.
Application of coaching in intercultural learning processes
Authors:   Institute Organisation and Management, International Academy Berlin for Innovative Pedagogy, Psychology and Economics (INA), Sukyte-Eickmeyer Laura ,   Berlin (Germany)
Published: October 2021

The highly dynamic nature of the EU labor market increases the complexity and diversity of European social structures. Organizations and commercial enterprises are faced with the growing challenge of successfully shaping multicultural teamwork. Intercultural learning in everyday business life is gaining in importance. Coaching is used to support managers in professionalizing their leadership work. In teams, coaching is used as a pedagogical intervention in team development and team conflict resolution to support intercultural learning processes in a targeted manner. The concepts have been developed from practical application; the scientific foundation is still in its infancy.
Main Strategies to Overcome Speaking Barriers for Ethnic Minorities (Case of Georgian Language)
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Gochitashvili Ketevan , Shabashvili Giuli ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: October 2021

The Paper discusses the challenges the learners of the Georgian language as a state language encounter and provides its solutions. The Paper reveals the different barriers the students face during the development of their speaking skills. The article offers practical activities to help language teachers, to motivate their students, to create a diverse learning environment where it will be possible to use different language registers
In Memory of Nikolay Dmitrievich Kopachevsky, a Mathematician and a Human
Authors: Voytitsky V. I. , Muratov A. A. , Pashkova Yu. S. , Starkov P. A. , Suslina T. A. , Tsvetkov D. O.
Published: October 2021

This paper is dedicated to the scientific and pedagogical activities of Nikolay Dmitrievich Kopachevsky (1940-2020) - a well-known mathematician, head of the Department of Mathematical Analysis of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, organizer and head of the Crimean Autumn Mathematical School-Symposium (KROMSH).
Weak and Strong Asymptotics of Orthogonal Polynomials with «Varying» Weight
Authors: Aptekarev A. I.
Published: October 2021

We consider sequences of orthogonal polynomials with varying weights, i.e., depending on the number of the polynomial. We obtain extensions of applicability classes of well-known asymptotic formulas for large numbers.
Delay Differential Equations with Differentiable Solution Operators on Open Domains in C((-∞, 0], Rn) and Processes for Volterra Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Walther Hans-Otto
Published: October 2021

For autonomous delay differential equations x'(t)=f(xt){x'(t)=f(x_t)} we construct a continuous semiflow of continuously differentiable solution operators x0xt{x_0 \to x_t}, t0{t \le 0}, on open subsets of the Frechet space C((-,0],Rn){C((-\infty, 0], R^n)}. For nonautonomous equations this yields a continuous process of differentiable solution operators. As an application, we obtain processes which incorporate all solutions of Volterra integro-differential equations x'(t)=∫0tk(t,s)h(x(s))ds{x'(t)={\int_0}^t k(t,s) h(x(s)) ds}.
Semigroups of Operators Generated by Integro-Differential Equations with Kernels Representable by Stieltjes Integrals
Authors: Vlasov V. V. , Rautian N. A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Volterra integro-differential equations with kernels of integral operators representable by Stieltjes integrals are investigated. The presented results are based on the approach related to the study of one-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations. We present the method of reduction of the original initial-value problem for a model integro-differential equation with operator coefficients in a Hilbert space to the Cauchy problem for a first-order differential equation in an extended function space. The existence of the contractive C0-semigroup is proved. An estimate for the exponential decay of the semigroup is obtained.
Bi-Variationality, Symmetries and Approximate Solutions
Authors: Filippov V. M. , Savchin V. M. , Budochkina S. A.
Published: October 2021

By a bi-variational system we mean any system of equations generated by two different Hamiltonian actions. A connection between their variational symmetries is established. The effective use of the nonclassical Hamiltonian actions for the construction of approximate solutions with the high accuracy for the given dissipative problem is demonstrated. We also investigate the potentiality of the given operator equation with the second-order time derivative, construct the corresponding functional and find necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator S to be a generator of symmetry of the constructed functional. Theoretical results are illustrated by some examples.
Improving Governance in Developing Countries, Especially in Fragile States
Authors: De Tray Dennis N.
Published: October 2021

The world is increasingly aware that climate change could eventually destroy the earth as we know it – but over decades if not centuries. Fragile states – the poorest and weakest developing countries – should be of the same order of concern to the international community as global warming, and their downside is likely to be much more immediate. Fragility cost the world more than USD 13 trillion in 2015 [1], and research suggests that fragility is predicted to get worse in the coming decade (op. cit.), underscoring that the international development community needs to rethink the way it works in fragile states. This paper contributes to this rethinking by analyzing why the international community performs badly in fragile states and showing how it could do better through two case studies.

The paper is in two parts. It begins with an overview of fragility, its causes and consequences, and why the international community has a poor track record in reducing fragility. In the second part, the paper turns to two case studies, of East Timor and of Afghanistan, to show how the principles set out in the first section can be applied on the ground and in detail.
Hate Speech and Caucasian Nationalism in Western Democracies: Flashing Light on the Invisible Ghost
Authors: Ngwainmbi Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

This article describes the sociology of hate speech, contending that hate speech is a by-product of racism that dominates our world when homo sapiens occupy the universe. It analyzes ideas of national space by some race thinkers and points to contemporary media as the foremost promoter of Caucasian nationalism worldwide. The article shows how social media data and IT platforms advance anti-other sentiments and a particular egocentric pro-nationalist agenda among Caucasian groups in the Global North, especially Germany and America. Convinced by Sigmund Freud's argument that human behavior is motivated by unconscious conflicts almost always aggressive. The principles of reverse psychology and group communication explain how the media frames persons with different racial, ethnic, sexual, gender, or ethnic configurations. Presenting hate speech as a threat to world peace and demonstrating that counter speech is a better way of blocking hate speech's dignitarian harm [1], the paper identifies global efforts to curb hate speech and shows how media firms and governments can control hate speech.
The Economics of Educational Planning: The Nigerian Challenge
Authors: Kenneth Obasi K. , Sarah Osah O.
Published: October 2021

An increase in demand for educational services and the rising cost of satisfying the demand with the scarce resources available is a major justification for introducing economics in educational planning. This paper examined the economics of educational planning and the challenges faced by Nigerian educational planners. It looked at the concept of educational planning and the basis for introducing economics into educational planning. It also discussed economic concepts like demand for educational services, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness and the budgeting process. The challenges of the economics of educational planning were also discussed. The challenges identified include no institutional framework for labour market information to aid planners, inadequate statistics on the way people earn according to educational levels and other sources of income amongst others. It was suggested among other things that there should be a national institutional mechanism/framework to handle labour market information. Also, the Federal Ministry of Education, in alliance with the National Bureau of Statistics should develop a strategic plan that will have the computing and provision of economic data necessary for educational planning as its focal point.
Investigating Lecturer and Students’ Perception on Mobile Learning Application (MLA) for Accounting Subjects in Indonesian Higher Education
Authors: Sari Dhany Efita , Ahmad Noor Lela , Sarun Anuar , Suyatmini Suyatmini
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research is to examine the perception of students and lecturers concerning the importance of the Mobile Learning Application (MLA) as a support for accounting learning activities. This is a survey research with a cross-sectional design that employs a questionnaire and is distributed to lecturers and students to determine their perceptions of MLA. Purposive sampling was used as a sampling technique. This study's samples included lecturers and students from three universities in Indonesia, Universitas Gunung Rinjani (representing eastern Indonesia), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (representing western Indonesia), and Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (representing the central part of Indonesia). The information gathered from the questionnaire was then analyzed descriptively. Based on the needs analysis findings, students and lecturers explained that the presence of MLA as a support for accounting learning activities is essential in order to improve learning quality and adapt to the changes of education in the era of society 5.0. They also want MLA to have learning outcomes, videos, sounds, and a colorful design. As a result, learning application developers should be able to produce applications that pay close attention to these aspects in order to support MLA and make it more appealing and in line with learning objectives.
Effects of Mastery Learning Strategy on Secondary School Students Performance in Mathematics
Authors: Oginni O. I. , Akinola A. S. , Fadiji A. E. , Amole P. A.
Published: October 2021

The paper examined the effects of Mastery Learning Strategy (MLS) on secondary school students’ performance in Mathematics. It investigated differences in the performance of Mathematics students in conventional and MLS groups. The study adopted a pretest, posttest and control group quasi-experimental research design. The population for the study comprises all secondary school students in Ekiti State. 60 students were the sample selected using the stratified sampling technique. Achievement Test in Mathematics (ATM) was the instrument used for the study. The validity of the instrument was ensured by experts in Mathematics education while the reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained, which adjudged the instrument suitable for the study. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in post-test mean scores of students taught using MLS and the Conventional method. Also, there is no significant difference in the post-test and retention mean scores of students taught using the MLS and Conventional method. There is no significant difference in the post-test mean scores of male and female students taught using MLS and Conventional method. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the use of MLS should be encouraged in Mathematics teaching.
Professional Marginalization and Isolation: A Study of Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Erbas Mustafa Kayihan
Published: October 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the marginalization - isolation levels of physical education teachers and to examine these levels according to professional experience, gender and the school’s teacher population. A total of 339 physical education teachers participated in this research which were 114 female (33.6%) and 225 male (66.4%), working in 8 different cities of Turkey. Screening model was used in this research. As a data collection tool, personal data form and Physical Education Marginalization and Isolation Scale (PEMAIS) were used. In the analysis of the data collected in the study, in addition to descriptive statistics, a t-test of arithmetic means was conducted in independent groups in order to compare the values of marginalization and isolation sub-dimensions according to gender, professional experience and the number of teachers in the school. As a result, it has been observed that professional experience is an important variable in terms of marginalization and isolation, and that female teachers can cope with such situations more effectively.
Examination of Barriers of Criminal Information Sharing Between Law Enforcement Agencies and Their Effect in Crimes Management in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Kamau L. W. , Mwangi W. , Mwaeke P.
Published: October 2021

The paper examined barriers of criminal information sharing between law enforcement agencies and their effect in crimes management in Nairobi County, Kenya, using data from an MA Thesis. This study was guided by four objectives; to examine the types of criminal information that is shared among law enforcement agencies; to assess the individual, organizational and technological barriers that hinders sharing of criminal information among law enforcement agencies in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Social Exchange Theory as propounded by Homans in (1958). This study adopted a qualitative study design and non-probabilistic sample design paradigms. The main method of data collection was the interview. Interview schedule and key informants guide were used to collect data. A sample comprised of 47 law enforcement officers purposively selected from Directorate of criminal Investigation (DCI) Operation wing and the Kenya Police Service Headquarters operation wing. In addition, 10 Key informants were also purposively selected and interviewed to inform the study. Both individual barriers, organizational and technological barriers affected criminal information sharing among law enforcement agencies. Major individual barrier was competition for credit between the agencies in achieving positive outcomes which was perceived to have a backlash on security operations. Other individual barriers included the deeply entrenched culture of secrecy and the need-to-know rather than the need to share policy. Major organizational barriers include Mistrust of other organizations (89.1%), Organizational culture such as culture of secrecy (83.2%). Major technological barriers included both intra and inter-information technological gaps exacerbated by wanting levels of information technology skills. The barriers were perceived to cause 'linkage blindness,' where the information available in one agency is not available with other law enforcement agencies affecting remarkable achievement of outcomes. As a policy measure, the study recommended speedy removal of criminal information barriers at all levels and fast mitigation on both intra and inter-organizational information technological skill gaps. The deeply entrenched culture of secrecy and the need-to-know rather than the need to share information policy should further be re-visited and dealt with. Finally, there is an urgent need for National-wide Criminal Information Management System with certain rights for all law enforcement agencies. The use of a database will reduce the technological barrier since criminal information will be made accessible to all the agencies
Child-Rearing in African Christian Marriages: A Case of Isongole Ward, Ileje District, Songwe Region in Tanzania
Authors: Cheyo Nelly , Mligo Elia Shabani
Published: October 2021

The greatest mandate which God entrusted to human beings since creation is keeping and sustaining the creation. Human beings are responsible towards making the creation glorify God the creator. Another important task is to bring forth other human beings—children—who will also become responsible towards creation in their adulthood. It means that the responsibility of humanity towards creation is continuous. Children are gifts from God through marriages and have to be reared to adulthood in order for them to become fully responsible to God’s creation. This article examined the perceptions of church leaders and normal Christians towards child-rearing in both African traditional and Christian settings. Being guided by Ainsworth and Bowlby’s Attachment Theory, the article addressed the following questions: How is child-rearing understood and practiced in the research area? Is there any laziness in the rearing of children that hinders their proper development to adulthood? In response to these questions, a qualitative study was conducted at Isongole Ward, Ileje District, Songwe region in Tanzania. Interviews were conducted to eight research participants selected purposefully after their informed consent. Data were analyzed qualitatively to obtain themes which were the basis for the presentation and interpretation of findings. Results indicated that laziness to rear children properly was one of the major hindrances for children to realize their adulthood potentials in the future. The article suggests that to have an ethical church and ethical society, child-rearing basing on proper Christian foundation is of paramount importance.
THE SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ONLINE TAXI DRIVER FAMILIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN JAKARTA GREATER AREA
Authors: Nurhasana Renny , Matsuyuki Mihoko , Hasan Chotib , Shellasih Ni Made , Ningtyas Fadhilah Rizky , Fitrinitia Irene , Negama Toshiki , Kuwayama Shoya
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic affects almost all aspects of human life, from the education, transportation, political and economic sectors. Online taxi drivers are the informal sector that has been economically impacted by a decline in income. This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the socio-economic aspects of the resilience of online taxi drivers since the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) as regulated in Governor Special Capital Region Regulation of Jakarta No. 33/2020. The regulation made them experience a decrease in the number of passengers, thus affecting their income. This study uses a qualitative model with a case study design. Data collection was carried out by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with a total of 4 informants obtained from purposive sampling, then analyzed using content analysis. They experienced a significant decrease in income of up to 60-70 percent per day, compared to before the pandemic. The decline in income and recommendations for social distancing affect the socio-economic aspects of family resilience from online taxi drivers as informal sectors. Therefore, they must look for other income alternatives. Therefore, they need various alternative jobs and assistance.
Las clases sociales y el modelamiento socioespacial de Temuco, Chile, a finales del siglo XX
Authors: Rojo Mendoza Félix , Hidalgo Dattwyler Rodrigo
Published: October 2021

Los cambios en las ciudades están relacionados con la reestructuración del mercado de trabajo y la consiguiente aparición de nuevas clases sociales. Estos grupos, motivados por un gusto espacial, transforman los espacios urbanos. Este trabajo explora las transformaciones espaciales de clases en Temuco (Chile) entre 1992 y 2002. Obviando los indicadores de segregación residencial, y superando la desterritorialización en los modelos de estratificación social, se observan cambios importantes en la ciudad. Entre ellos, un periurbano de encuentro entre clases muy distintas entre sí, antiguas zonas obreras que suben en la escala socioespacial, y diversificación espacial de la clase media.
Autómatas Celulares en Cascada para modelar la expansión urbana con áreas restringidas
Authors: Jiménez López Eduardo , Garrocho Rangel Carlos , Chávez Soto Tania
Published: October 2021

Combinamos geografía urbana, matemáticas de sistemas dinámicos, sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y ciencias computacionales para diseñar una metodología de modelado de carácter general fundamentada en Autómatas Celulares en Cascada, que permite construir modelos específicos de la expansión de ciudades mexicanas. Sometemos nuestra metodología a una triple prueba empírica en ciudades con características contrastantes. Los modelos consideran restricciones a la expansión urbana (vialidades, parques, etc.). Utilizamos indicadores de bondad de ajuste global y local entre imágenes, articulados en un filtro en cascada, lo que reduce el procesamiento computacional. Los modelos mostraron ajustes alentadores. Ilustramos cómo nuestro método puede impulsar el codiseño de políticas urbanas.
El Índice de Sociedad Sostenible (SSI) en América: análisis desde una perspectiva de Biplot dinámico
Authors: De La Hoz Maestre Javier , Montes Escobar Karime , Salas Macías Carlos
Published: October 2021

Este estudio presenta un análisis mediante Biplot dinámico del Índice de Sociedad Sostenible aplicado a América. Los principales resultados al analizar las trayectorias de las variables en general son cortos, pero tienden a mejorar. Se observaron dos grupos: uno de países bien posicionados frente a las variables “necesidades básicas” y “desarrollo personal y social” (Norteamérica), y el segundo, de países con trayectorias de comportamiento irregular, con poca estabilidad y con una tendencia de caída en los últimos periodos en análisis (Centro, Sudamérica y Caribe). El método Biplot dinámico demuestra ser un nuevo enfoque para el procesamiento de datos de tres vías y provee resultados fáciles de representar e interpretar.
Migration and asylum law of the V4 in the European Union context: between harmonisation and reluctance
Authors: Mohay Ágoston
Published: October 2021

Ever since the 2015 migration and asylum crisis, the legal regulation of this field in the European Union has been debated strongly in almost all its aspects. The member countries of the Visegrád Group (V4) have voiced dissent regarding a number of EU measures in this field, leading to political and legal confrontation. After a brief review of the public law context of EU migration and asylum policy and the general attitude of the V4 towards these regulatory fields, this paper elaborates how the EU and the V4 reacted – in legal terms – to the 2015 migration and asylum crisis and to each other’s measures, focusing on three key V4 policy goals. The paper also analyses the reception of the 2020 proposal on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and discusses whether it can be seen as the way forward in terms of a more consensual policy approach. The paper finds that although the approach of the V4 has had a perceivable effect on that of the EU, elements of disagreement remain; it further argues that the harmonious elements of the approaches of the EU and the V4 could potentially be built upon to reach a compromise, but maintains that policy-based reluctance cannot have an effect on obligations laid down by EU law.
The changing room for manoeuvre of ‘Visegrad’ Hungary in the Western Balkans. An extraordinary change in Hungarian-Serbian relations
Authors: Reményi Péter , Pap Tibor , Pap Norbert
Published: October 2021

Hungarian-Serbian relations have never been as cordial as they are now, and this is an opinion shared by the leadership of both countries in spite of the modern history of the two nations. In our paper, we seek explanation for this change and argue that it is a consequence of multiple factors: First, the geopolitical changes in the Western Balkans, which have resulted in a great power competition that has opened up space for small states, like Hungary, to assert their interests. Secondly, the changes in domestic politics in Hungary that have brought national interests into the foreground, resulting, among other outcomes, in more active foreign policy with regard to the Western Balkans region. In this paper, we attempt to give a different, critical view of these relations, discussing migration, economic cooperation and political maneuvers in particular.
Application of Non-Linear Kinetic and Isotherm Model for Investigation of Cod Removal from Tapioca Liquid Waste Onto Modified Lampung Natural Zeolite
Authors: Supriyadi Didik , Darmansyah Darmansyah , Sari Ratna Puspita , Farhan Amna Citra
Published: October 2021

The experimental data analysis of tapioca liquid waste onto modified Lampung natural zeolite using non-linear regression models is limited. The adsorption data were analyzed with nine kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order, the intraparticle diusion, fractional power, Bangham, Elovich, mixed-1.2-order, modification of pseudo-second-order, and Avrami) and eight isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Sips, Redlich-Peterson, Toth, Liu, and Khan). The percentage of adsorption was decreased from 61.29% to 13.66% with increasing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration 310 mg/L to 9450 mg/L. The result showed that the power model (R2 : 0.98, X2 : 0.137), Avrami (R2 : 0.98, X2 : 0.141), Bangham (R2 : 0.98, X2 : 0.145) and modified pseudo-second-order (R2 : 0.98, X2 : 0.147) can be recommended as the best fied to experimental kinetic data. The Khan model (R2 : 0.99961, X2 : 0.03729) and Langmuir (R2 : 0.99478, X2 : 0.24902) was the most reliable for describing the isotherm model. Thus, the analysis of experimental adsorption data using a non-linear regression model is highly recommended.
Numerical Simulation of Flood Routing through Channels with Area Variation using Staggered Grid Method
Authors: Sulistyono Bambang Agus , Samijo Samijo , Nurfahrudianto Aan , Yohanie Dian Devita , Handayani Aprilia Dwi
Published: October 2021

In the event that the discharge goes to enter the channel surpasses the channel ability, than would happen floods of genuine harm to the environment around the channel. Applying the dynamic wave model, the discharge amount could be predicted in the frequent flood region if the information of discharge upstream is found out. Many numerical schemes could be utilized to discover answers to the system of differential partial equations. We proposed the usage of the staggered method to find out the solution of the system. The numerical scheme shall be used to predict the top discharge in a frequent flood region and create a flooded pocket to diminish the top discharge in the region. Based on the outcome of the numerical simulation, we may claim that a stable scheme has been created to acquire the approach resolve of the equation partial system. The staggered scheme is capable of investigating the impact of the presence of the flood pocket especially lessening the top discharge.
Biogenic Silica Extracted from Salacca Leaves Ash for The Adsorption of Salycilic Acid
Authors: Fatimah Is , Zaenuri Faiha Ulfiyani , Doewandono Lolita Narulita , Yahya Amri , Citradewi Putwi Widya , Sagadevan Suresh , Oh Won-Chun
Published: October 2021

Extraction of biogenic silica from Salacca leaves ash and it’s utilization as adsorbent for salycilic acid has been successfully conducted. The caustic extraction by Refluxing the ash in NaOH followed by slow titration using acid produced the silica gel, and in order to evaluate the physicochemical character for adsorption purpose, the sintering of the dried gel was varied at 300, 400 and 500oC. Instrumental analysis of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas sorption analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. The kinetics of the salycilic acid adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption system and the quantitative analysis was based on UV–Vis spectrometry. The results showed that the produced silica exhibited adsorption capability for salycilic acid in an aqueous solution. At varied sintering temperature, the highest adsorption capacity and affinity was achieved by temperature of 500oC, and the adsorption kinetics obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The varied pH for adsorption suggested neutral pH is the most feasible compared to the acidic and basic conditions.