bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Involvement in Adolescent Psychological Interventions: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pine Abigail E. , Baumann Mary G. , Modugno Gabriella , Compas Bruce E.
Published: May 2024

Psychological interventions for adolescents have shown mixed efficacy, and including parents in interventions may be an important avenue to improve treatment outcomes. Evidence from meta-analyses examining the role of parents in interventions for youth is inconsistent and has typically combined findings for both children and adolescents together. No prior meta-analysis has examined the specific role of parents in adolescent interventions as compared with interventions focused solely on adolescents across several disorders. To address this gap, systematic literature reviews were conducted utilizing a combination of searches among keywords including (parent * OR family) AND (intervention OR therap * OR treatment OR prevent*) AND (adolescen*). Inclusion criteria were (1) a randomized controlled trial of an individual psychological intervention compared to the same intervention with a parental component, and (2) adolescents must have at least current symptoms or risk to be included. Literature searches identified 20 trials (N = 1251). Summary statistics suggested that interventions involving parents in treatment have a significantly greater impact on adolescent psychopathology when compared to interventions that targeted adolescents alone (g = − 0.18, p < .01, 95% CI [− 0.30, − 0.07]). Examination with symptom type (internalizing or externalizing) as a moderator found that the significant difference remained for externalizing (g = − 0.20, p = .01, 95% CI [− 0.35, − 0.05]) but not internalizing psychopathology (p = .11). Findings provide evidence of the importance of including parents in adolescent therapy, particularly for externalizing problems.
Analyzing learner language: the case of the Hebrew Learner Essay Corpus
Authors: Gafni Chen , Herzig Sheinfux Livnat , Klunover Hadar , Bar Siman Tov Anat , Prior Anat , Wintner Shuly
Published: May 2024

We present the Hebrew Learner Essay Corpus (HELEECS): an annotated corpus of Hebrew language argumentative essays authored by prospective higher-education students. The corpus includes essays by two main populations: (1) essays by native speakers of Hebrew, written as part of the psychometric exam that is used to assess their future success in academic studies; (2) essays by non-native speakers of Hebrew, with three different native languages (Arabic, French, and Russian), that were written as part of a language aptitude test. The corpus is uniformly encoded and stored. The non-native essays were annotated with target hypotheses (i.e., hypothesized intended formulations in standard written Hebrew). The corpus is available for research purposes upon request. We describe the corpus and the error correction and annotation schemes used in its analysis. In addition to introducing this new resource, we discuss the challenges of identifying and analyzing non-native language use. Among these challenges are determining whether the language used in a particular utterance is native-like, and determining the target hypothesis when language use is non-native-like. We propose various ways for dealing with these challenges.
Cross-linguistically consistent semantic and syntactic annotation of child-directed speech
Authors: Szubert Ida , Abend Omri , Schneider Nathan , Gibbon Samuel , Mahon Louis , Goldwater Sharon , Steedman Mark
Published: May 2024

Corpora of child speech and child-directed speech (CDS) have enabled major contributions to the study of child language acquisition, yet semantic annotation for such corpora is still scarce and lacks a uniform standard. Semantic annotation of CDS is particularly important for understanding the nature of the input children receive and developing computational models of child language acquisition. For example, under the assumption that children are able to infer meaning representations for (at least some of) the utterances they hear, the acquisition task is to learn a grammar that can map novel adult utterances onto their corresponding meaning representations, in the face of noise and distraction by other contextually possible meanings. To study this problem and to develop computational models of it, we need corpora that provide both adult utterances and their meaning representations, ideally using annotation that is consistent across a range of languages in order to facilitate cross-linguistic comparative studies. This paper proposes a methodology for constructing such corpora of CDS paired with sentential logical forms, and uses this method to create two such corpora, in English and Hebrew. The approach enforces a cross-linguistically consistent representation, building on recent advances in dependency representation and semantic parsing. Specifically, the approach involves two steps. First, we annotate the corpora using the Universal Dependencies (UD) scheme for syntactic annotation, which has been developed to apply consistently to a wide variety of domains and typologically diverse languages. Next, we further annotate these data by applying an automatic method for transducing sentential logical forms (LFs) from UD structures. The UD and LF representations have complementary strengths: UD structures are language-neutral and support consistent and reliable annotation by multiple annotators, whereas LFs are neutral as to their syntactic derivation and transparently encode semantic relations. Using this approach, we provide syntactic and semantic annotation for two corpora from CHILDES: Brown’s Adam corpus (English; we annotate $$\approx$$
≈
 80% of its child-directed utterances), all child-directed utterances from Berman’s Hagar corpus (Hebrew). We verify the quality of the UD annotation using an inter-annotator agreement study, and manually evaluate the transduced meaning representations. We then demonstrate the utility of the compiled corpora through (1) a longitudinal corpus study of the prevalence of different syntactic and semantic phenomena in the CDS, and (2) applying an existing computational model of language acquisition to the two corpora and briefly comparing the results across languages.
The Island of Cyprus through the Eyes of Eighteenth Century Travelers: A Deep Map
Authors: Manzetti Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

Traveling and recording the adventures lived abroad in travelogues was a common practice among European aristocrats in the eighteenth century. The travel journals are filled with descriptions of the places they visited, but also with characterizations of their impressions and emotions evoked by historical landmarks. This paper aims to explore the sensations of northern and central European travelers to investigate the identity and sense of place of Cyprus, as experienced by the travelers, through deep mapping. The exploration of impressions focuses on seven categories: places, points of interest, people, hospitality, accessibility, landscape, and food/drinks. The impressions expressed by words in the travelogues are coded in a five-point scale to be able to obtain statistics from the geodatabase created in GIS. The result is a bunch of maps that show the diverse level of pleasantness according to the various places and historical landmarks visited. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative data through digital tools in archaeological and historical research.
References for Small Fluorescence Quantum Yields
Authors: Morshedi Mahbobeh , Zimmermann Simon L. , Klaverkamp David , Gilch Peter
Published: May 2024

Three compounds with fluorescence quantum yields in the range of 10− 5 to 10− 4 and emission spectra covering the UV/Vis spectral range are suggested as new references for the determination of small fluorescence quantum yields. The compounds are thymidine (dT) in water, dibenzoylmethane (DBM) in ethanol, and malachite green chloride (MG) in water, representing the blue, green, and red regions of the spectrum, respectively. All compounds are easily handled, photostable, and commercially available. Furthermore, these compounds exhibit a mirror-image symmetry between their absorption and fluorescence spectra. This symmetry, along with closely aligned fluorescence excitation and absorption spectra, confirms that the observed emissions originate from the compounds themselves. The fluorescence quantum yields were determined via a relative approach as well as Strickler-Berg analysis in conjunction with time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Within the respective error margins, the two approaches yielded identical results.
QUEST-DMC: Background Modelling and Resulting Heat Deposit for a Superfluid Helium-3 Bolometer
Authors: Autti S. , Casey A. , Eng N. , Darvishi N. , Franchini P. , Haley R. P. , Heikkinen P. J. , Kemp A. , Leason E. , Levitin L. V. , Monroe J. , March-Russel J. , Noble M. T. , Prance J. R. , Rojas X. , Salmon T. , Saunders J. , Smith R. , Thompson M. D. , Tsepelin V. , West S. M. , Whitehead L. , Zhang K. , Zmeev D. E.
Published: May 2024

We report the results of radioactivity assays and heat leak calculations for a range of common cryogenic materials, considered for use in the QUEST-DMC superfluid $$^3$$

3

He dark matter detector. The bolometer, instrumented with nanomechanical resonators, will be sensitive to energy deposits from dark matter interactions. Events from radioactive decays and cosmic rays constitute a significant background and must be precisely modelled, using a combination of material screening and Monte Carlo simulations. However, the results presented here are of wider interest for experiments and quantum devices sensitive to minute heat leaks and spurious events, thus we present heat leak per unit mass or surface area for every material studied. This can inform material choices for other experiments, especially if underground operation is considered – where the radiogenic backgrounds will dominate even at shallow depths.
On the Basic Properties and the Structure of Power Cells
Authors: Allevi Elisabetta , Martínez-Legaz Juan Enrique , Riccardi Rossana
Published: May 2024

Given a set $$T\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$

T
⊆

R

n

and a nonnegative function r defined on T,  we consider the power of $$x\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$

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with respect to the sphere with center $$t\in T$$

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and radius $$r\left( t\right) ,$$

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with $$\left\| \cdot \right\| $$

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denoting the Euclidean distance. The corresponding power cell of $$s\in T$$

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is the set $$\begin{aligned} C_{T}^{r}(s):=\{x\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n}:{ p_r}(x,s)\le {p_r}(x,t),\ \text{ for } \text{ all }\ t\in T\}. \end{aligned}$$

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We study the structure of such cells and investigate the assumptions on r that allow for generalizing known results on classical Voronoi cells.
Does Employment Status Matter for Emerging Adult Identity Development and Life Satisfaction? A Two-wave Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hatano Kai , Hihara Shogo , Tsuzuki Manabu , Nakama Reiko , Sugimura Kazumi
Published: May 2024

Late emerging adulthood is pivotal for identity exploration and development and is interrelated with life satisfaction. In the development of identity and life satisfaction, it is important to have a stable employment status that supports the foundation of life. However, the interrelationships among identity, life satisfaction, and employment status in late emerging adulthood are unclear. Using a two-wave longitudinal survey, this study examined identity development and whether the relationship between identity and life satisfaction varies by employment status. Participants included 875 Japanese emerging adults (65.5% women, Mage = 24.74, SDage = 0.44). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that identity synthesis decreased for those who lost their jobs or those who changed from being full-time to part-time employment. Additionally, individuals with full-time employment had higher identity synthesis and lower confusion than those with part-time or no employment. Multi-group path analysis indicated that identity synthesis was positively associated with life satisfaction and confusion was negatively associated, and these relationships did not differ by employment status. These findings suggest that identity development in late emerging adulthood varies by employment status and that the association between identity and life satisfaction may not be moderated by employment status. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the characteristics of identity development along employment status and its relationship to life satisfaction in late emerging adulthood.
Leaders of Peer Groups in Chinese Early Adolescents: The Roles of Social, Academic, and Psychological Characteristics in Group Leadership
Authors: Zhou Jiaxi , Chen Xinyin , Li Dan , Liu Junsheng , Cui Liying
Published: May 2024

Leadership in peer groups is an important issue in adolescent socioemotional development, yet it has received limited attention in research. This one-year longitudinal study examined peer group leadership and the roles of social, academic, and psychological characteristics in the dynamics of group leadership. Participants included 1061 Chinese students (initial mean age =11.17 years; SD = 6.98 months; 49.4% female). Data were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The longitudinal social network analysis (SIENA) indicated that peer group leadership was fluid with leadership status evolving over time across groups in a hierarchical manner. Adolescents displaying higher social competence and aggression and lower shyness were more likely to become group leaders. Academic performance and loneliness were not significantly associated with the dynamics of peer group leadership. The results help understand peer group leadership and contributions of social behaviors to the attainment of leadership status in peer groups in early adolescence.
Perfil revisado: Vicente Aleixandre, Antonio Machado y otros lectores de Carolina Coronado en la Edad de Plata
Authors: Cabello Estefanía
Published: May 2024

Important authors of the Spanish Silver Age such as Vicente Aleixandre or Antonio Machado show, at some point in their work, the reading and influence of the romantic writer Carolina Coronado (1820–1911). This article analyses the reception of Coronado's work in Vicente Aleixandre's La Destrucción o el Amor (1935) (specifically, in the poem "La luna es una ausencia", which the author dedicated to her) as well as in Antonio Machado's poem “A José María Palacio”, present in the second edition of his book Campos de Castilla (1917). It also traces the peculiar presence of the author in the work of other twentieth century writers such as Ramón Sijé or Gerardo Diego; but it mainly focuses on the authorial image that they all construct of Coronado, as well as the aspects and motifs that most interested them in her writing.
Dynamics and energy harvesting from parametrically coupled self-excited electromechanical oscillator
Authors: Sani Godwin , Bednarek Maksymilian , Witkowski Krzysztof , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: May 2024

The investigated parametrically coupled electromechanical structure is composed of a mechanical Duffing oscillator whose mass sits on a moving belt surface. The driving electrical network is a van der Pol oscillator whose aim is to actuate the attached DC motor to provide some rotatry unbalances and parametric coupling in the vibrating structure. The coupled oscillator is applied to energy harvesting and overcomes the limitation of low energy generation associated with a single oscillator of this kind. The system was solved analytically and validated by numerical methods. The global dynamics of the structure were investigated, and nonlinear phenomena such as Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, discontinuity-induced bifurcation, grazing–sliding, and bifurcation to multiple tori were identified. These nonlinear behaviors affect the harvested energy at bifurcation points, resulting in jumps from one energy level to another. In addition to harnessing the highest energy under hard parametric coupling, the coupling ensures that higher and more useful energy is harvested over a wider range of belt speeds. Finally, the qualitative validation of the numerical concept by experimental setup verifies the workings of the model.
Диссимилятивный вокализм: три говора
Authors: Dyachenko Svetlana V. , Pronina Mariia , Knyazev Sergey V.
Published: May 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию предударного вокализма трёх акающих говоров, расположенных на максимальном удалении друг от друга: в Смоленской, Тамбовской и Костромской областях. Результаты аудитивного, инструментального и статистического анализа материала подтверждают исходную гипотезу о постепенном характере фонологизации фонетических явлений. Так, в говорах, характеризующихся фонологическим противопоставлением жиздринского типа, сохраняются следы старой коартикуляционной количественной зависимости предударных гласных от ударных, проявляющиеся в наличии статистически значимых контрастов по длительности гласных, не совпадающих с линией фонологизации; в частности, между длительностью предударных гласных перед ударными гласными верхнего подъёма, с одной стороны, и среднего подъёма – с другой. Кроме того, в говорах с диссимилятивным вокализмом обнаруживаются статистически значимые контрасты по качеству (значению первой форманты гласных), свидетельствующие о коартикуляционных явлениях ассимилятивного типа и о зависимости характера реализации гласных первого предударного слога от твёрдости/мягкости последующего согласного. Таким образом, в разных говорах контраст между предударными гласными в зависимости от позиционных условий может быть выражен разными средствами – преимущественно количественно, преимущественно качественно или с использованием обоих этих принципов.
A federated learning approach to network intrusion detection using residual networks in industrial IoT networks
Authors: Chaurasia Nisha , Ram Munna , Verma Priyanka , Mehta Nakul , Bharot Nitesh
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a sophisticated approach to network security, with a primary emphasis on utilizing deep learning for intrusion detection. In real-world scenarios, the high dimensionality of training data poses challenges for simple deep learning models and can lead to vanishing gradient issues with complex neural networks. Additionally, uploading network traffic data to a central server for training raises privacy concerns. To tackle these issues, the paper introduces a Residual Network (ResNet)-based deep learning model trained using a federated learning approach. The ResNet effectively tackles the vanishing gradient problem, while federated learning enables multiple Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or clients to engage in joint training without sharing their data with third parties. This approach enhances accuracy through collaborative learning while maintaining privacy. Experimental results on the X-IIoTID dataset indicate that the proposed model outperforms conventional deep learning and machine learning methods in terms of accuracy and other metrics used for evaluation. Specifically, the proposed methodology achieved 99.43% accuracy in a centralized environment and 99.16% accuracy in a federated environment.
Urban nature-based solutions planning for biodiversity outcomes: human, ecological, and artificial intelligence perspectives
Authors: Prodanovic Veljko , Bach Peter M. , Stojkovic Milan
Published: May 2024

Nature-based solutions (NBS) harness ecosystem services for urban enhancement, promoting biodiversity, habitat creation, and water management while improving human well-being. However, decision-making often favours specific NBS designs, leading to uneven benefits distribution. Whereas human-centric NBS design relies on convenience, financial sustainability, historical aspects, and amenity increase through NBS technical solutions, flora- and fauna-centric (or eco-centric) design targets spatial connectedness of blue-green spaces, increase in species richness, and habitat within urban centres. Both approaches can shape the urban biodiversity landscape, yet; they often clash around planning priorities. Recent advances in AI offer potential for AI-centric urban planning, though its role remains unclear. This study examines the interplay between biodiversity and NBS planning across human-, eco-, and AI-centric domains, aiming for balanced urban outcomes. We blended narrative, integrative, and systematic literature review and propose future steps for more balanced NBS development. The findings of this work suggest that AI presents an opportunity for a more balanced NBS design through its applications in climate change prediction, water management, and project visualisation. Incorporating AI into urban planning tools can expedite modelling process, improve stakeholder communication, and enhance project outcomes visualisation. By integrating human, eco, and AI-centric approaches, urban planners can foster resilience and sustainability in NBS implementation, ensuring equitable distribution of benefits across urban landscapes.
Noctopus: a novel device and method for patient registration and navigation in image-guided cranial surgery
Authors: Özbek Yusuf , Bárdosi Zoltán , Freysinger Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Purpose

A patient registration and real-time surgical navigation system and a novel device and method (Noctopus) is presented. With any tracking system technology and a patient/target-specific registration marker configuration, submillimetric target registration error (TRE), high-precise application accuracy for single or multiple anatomical targets in image-guided neurosurgery or ENT surgery is realized.

Methods

The system utilizes the advantages of marker-based registration technique and allows to perform automatized patient registration using on the device attached and with patient scanned four fiducial markers. The best possible sensor/marker positions around the patient’s head are determined for single or multiple region(s) of interest (target/s) in the anatomy. Once brought at the predetermined positions the device can be operated with any tracking system for registration purposes.

Results

Targeting accuracy was evaluated quantitatively at various target positions on a phantom skull. The target registration error (TRE) was measured on individual targets using an electromagnetic tracking system. The overall averaged TRE was 0.22 ± 0.08 mm for intraoperative measurements.

Conclusion

An automatized patient registration system using optimized patient-/target-specific marker configurations is proposed. High-precision and user-error-free intraoperative surgical navigation with minimum number of registration markers and sensors is realized. The targeting accuracy is significantly improved in minimally invasive neurosurgical and ENT interventions.
Digitaler Stress und die neuen Praktiken der Grenzziehung
Authors: Waldenburger Lisa , Wimmer Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse untersucht der Beitrag die alltäglichen Medienpraktiken von Nutzer:innen mit Fokus auf die Reduzierung und den Verzicht von digitalen Kommunikationsmedien. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung führt bei vielen Nutzer:innen zunehmend zu digitalem Stress, der maßgeblich durch das Gefühl der ständigen Erreichbarkeit, des Multitaskings, eines Überangebots an Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten und der damit einhergehenden Überforderung und Zeitnot ausgelöst wird. Im Alltag lassen sich vermehrt Praktiken des Abgrenzens, des Verzichts und der Reduzierung beobachten, um digitalen Stress zu verringern. Diese werden im vorliegenden Beitrag mit Fokus auf die generationalen Unterschiede untersucht, da die spezifischen alltagsbedingten Differenzen in der Medienkompetenz, Mediensozialisation und im Medienrepertoire der Nutzer:innen auch jeweils andere Praktiken hervorrufen. Auf empirischer Basis können insgesamt 17 verschiedene Praktiken der Grenzziehung entlang der vier Dimensionen Beschleunigung, Mittelbarkeit, Differenzierung und Optimierung identifiziert und illustriert werden. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass sich lediglich die Praktiken des Einteilens, des Unterlassens und des Verlagerns in beiden Gruppen finden lassen und es somit deutliche Unterschiede in generationaler Hinsicht gibt. Diese lassen sich vor allem mit der Haltung zur eigenen Mediennutzung begründen. Für die Jüngeren impliziert der Verzicht eine aktive Begründungspflicht, da sie Medienhandeln als obligatorisch empfinden. Bei den Älteren findet sich dagegen ein gelassenerer Umgang mit Medien und daraus resultierend andere, selbstbestimmtere Praktiken der Grenzziehung.
Long-term outcomes in patients with COPD treated with non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: O’Brien Shane , Gill Cara , Cograve Niall , Quinn Mark , Fahy Ruairi J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. We evaluated survival over 9 years in a cohort of patients with COPD requiring acute inpatient non-invasive ventilation (NIV). We analyzed prognostic indices to evaluate if they were associated with mortality.

Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who were admitted to St. James’s Hospital respiratory ward with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure who required NIV over a 12-month period and followed their outcomes over 9 years. We investigated the association between survival and potential prognostic variables using univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. We evaluated the association between survival and the following parameters: age, gender, multiple admissions requiring NIV (> 1 admission in within 12 months of index presentation), home NIV use preadmission, initial arterial blood gas pH, days spent on NIV, serum albumin and serum albumin to serum CRP ratio at admission.

Results

Ninety-nine patients with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure were identified over a 12-month period from January to December 2011. Survival at 1, 2, 5 and 9 years was 65% (n = 64), 42% (n = 42), 25% (n = 25) and 21% (n = 21), respectively. Increasing age (p value < 0.001) and a lower serum albumin (p value < 0.005) were associated with a higher mortality. There was a trend towards improved survival in the group who were treated with home NIV prior to admission compared to no NIV therapy at home but this did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 3, p value = 0.088).

Conclusion

This study highlights the long-term mortality in patients with COPD admitted with hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring NIV and correlates with prior studies. Increasing age and lower serum albumin were associated with increased mortality. Home NIV may have a protective long-term survival benefit in patients with COPD who have been admitted for acute NIV.
Trends in mathematics education and insights from a meta-review and bibliometric analysis of review studies
Authors: Cevikbas Mustafa , Kaiser Gabriele , Schukajlow Stanislaw
Published: May 2024

Review studies are vital for advancing knowledge in many scientific fields, including mathematics education, amid burgeoning publications. Based on an extensive consideration of existing review typologies, we conducted a meta-review and bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of and deeper insights into review studies within mathematics education. After searching Web of Science, we identified 259 review studies, revealing a significant increase in such studies over the last five years. Systematic reviews were the most prevalent type, followed by meta-analyses, generic literature reviews, and scoping reviews. On average, the review studies had a sample size of 99, with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines commonly employed. Despite certain studies offering nuanced distinctions among review types, ambiguity persisted. Only about a quarter of the studies explicitly reported employing specific theoretical frameworks (particularly, technology, knowledge, and competence models). Co-authored publications were most common within American institutions and the leading countries are the United States, Germany, China, Australia, and England in publishing most review studies. Educational review journals, educational psychology journals, special education journals, educational technology journals, and mathematics education journals provided platforms for review studies, and prominent research topics included digital technologies, teacher education, mathematics achievement, and learning disabilities. In this study, we synthesised a range of reviews to facilitate readers’ comprehension of conceptual congruities and disparities across various review types, as well as to track current research trends. The results suggest that there is a need for discipline-specific standards and guidelines for different types of mathematics education reviews, which may lead to more high-quality review studies to enhance progress in mathematics education.
The Monitoring of Accumulations of Elements in Apple, Pear, and Quince Fruit Parts
Authors: Ahmed Isam Ali Mohamed , Özcan Mehmet Musa , AlJuhaimi Fahad , Albakry Zainab
Published: May 2024

In this study, the distribution of biogenic macro and micro element contents in the peel, pulp, and seeds of some cultivated fruits was observed. The element concentrations of these fruits, which have high commercial value and consumption in the world, were analyzed with ICP-OES. In the “Golden” and “Starking” apple varieties, the lowest and highest calcium amounts were detected in the pulp and seed parts of the fruits, respectively. Additionally, the lowest and highest calcium amounts of pear and quince fruits were found in the seed and pulp and peel and seed parts of the fruits, respectively. Potassium amounts of “Golden” and “Starking” apple parts were established to be between 3585.82 (seed) and 3930.87 mg/kg (pulp) and 3533.82 (peel) and 5671.55 mg/kg (pulp), respectively. Potassium amounts of pear and quince fruit parts were measured to be between 2340.65 (seed) and 5405.97 mg/kg (pulp) and 4455.23 (seed) and 8551.12 mg/kg (pulp), respectively. Iron quantities of the parts of “Golden” and “Starking” apple fruits were established from 4.80 (pulp) and 17.14 mg/kg (seed) to 7.80 (pulp) and 14.53 mg/kg (peel), respectively. While the Fe quantities of pear fruit parts are found to be between 4.51 (pulp) and 15.40 mg/kg (peel), the Fe contents of the parts of quince fruits were determined to be between 5.59 (pulp) and 27.27 mg/kg (peel). Zinc quantities of the parts of pear and quince fruits were recorded to be between 8.43 (pulp) and 12.71 mg/kg (seed) and 0.96 (pulp) and 37.82 mg/kg (seed), respectively. In fruit parts, the highest element was found in the seed, followed by pulp and peel in decreasing order.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Reduces the Traumatic Brain Injury–Mediated Neuroinflammation Through Enrichment of Prevotella Copri in the Gut of Male Rats
Authors: Nyam Tee-Tau Eric , Wee Hsiao-Yue , Chiu Min-Hsi , Tu Kuan-Chi , Wang Che-Chuan , Yeh Yao-Tsung , Kuo Ching-Lung
Published: May 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and significantly increases posttraumatic complications. TBI can lead to alterations in gut microbiota. The neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) have not been well recognized after TBI. The study’'s aim was to investigate the impact of HBO on TBI-induced dysbiosis in the gut and the pathological changes in the brain following TBI.

Methods

Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham surgery plus normobaric air (21% oxygen at 1 atmospheres absolute), TBI (2.0 atm) plus normobaric air, and TBI (2.0 atm) plus HBO (100% oxygen at 2.0 atmospheres absolute) for 60 min immediately after TBI, 24 h later, and 48 h later. The brain injury volume, tumor necrosis factor-α expression in microglia and astrocytes, and neuronal apoptosis in the brain were subsequently determined. The V3–V4 regions of 16S ribosomal rRNA in the fecal samples were sequenced, and alterations in the gut microbiome were statistically analyzed. All parameters were evaluated on the 3rd day after TBI.

Results

Our results demonstrated that HBO improved TBI-induced neuroinflammation, brain injury volume, and neuronal apoptosis. HBO appeared to increase the abundance of aerobic bacteria while inhibiting anaerobic bacteria. Intriguingly, HBO reversed the TBI-mediated decrease in Prevotella copri and Deinococcus spp., both of which were negatively correlated with neuroinflammation and brain injury volume. TBI increased the abundance of these gut bacteria in relation to NOD-lik0065 receptor signaling and the proteasome pathway, which also exhibited a positive correlation trend with neuro inflammation and apoptosis. The abundance of Prevotella copri was negatively correlated with NOD-like receptor signaling and the Proteasome pathway.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated how the neuroprotective effects of HBO after acute TBI might act through reshaping the TBI-induced gut dysbiosis and reversing the TBI-mediated decrease of Prevotella copri.
Event Matching and the Biological Production of Spacetime
Authors: Nomura Naoki
Published: May 2024

Space and time have been explained not in terms of physical entities but in terms of practice, that is, based on communication, which includes spacetime code in the A-series, B-series, and E-series. Each code has a unique grammar, and it progresses through boundary operation, i.e., setting the limit and transgressing it, but in each distinct way. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of event matching to elucidate the mechanism of meaning-making through boundary operations. Biological spacetime production is an incessant effort after meaning in the adaptive process, where the dia-metric scale in the E-series necessitates anticipatory (retrocausal) actions in the steps of interaction. This paper suggests that the three terms — event matching, meaning making, and spacetime production — are synonymous with each other in biological worlds. Evidence-based examples are provided to support the arguments.
Intellectual Property in the Age of the Environmental Crisis: How Trademarks and Copyright Challenge the Human Right to a Healthy Environment
Authors: Izyumenko Elena
Published: May 2024

In the face of the escalating environmental crisis driven by overconsumption, there is a growing recognition of the urgent need for environmental consciousness and a sustainable, circular economy. Practices like repair, refurbishment, and fashion upcycling have emerged as tangible efforts to mitigate the negative effects of this crisis. Perhaps unexpectedly, however, trademark and copyright laws clash with these endeavours, placing obstacles to sustainability goals. This paper contributes to the emerging literature devoted to studying this problem by undertaking the first in-depth analysis of the issue from a human rights law perspective. It specifically investigates the nature, scope, impact on, and consequences for intellectual property protection of the evolving human right to a healthy environment. Following a short introduction (1), the paper delves into the legal nature of obstacles posed by trademark and copyright protection to environmental sustainability (2), scrutinizes the human right to a healthy environment with a European emphasis (3), and proposes strategies for reconciling trademark and copyright protection with this fundamental right (4). The key findings are summarised at the end (5).
Quantifying Nitrogen Treatment by an In-stream Bioreactor in a Watershed Served by Septic Systems
Authors: Iverson Guy , Humphrey Charles P. , O’Driscoll Michael , Sanderford Christa , Bean Eban , Underwood William Jarrod , Pradhan Sushama , Etheridge James Randall
Published: May 2024

Septic systems are potentially significant sources of nitrogen to groundwater and surface water. In-stream practices, such as in-stream bioreactors (IBRs), that promote or enhance nitrogen treatment are promising solutions to reduce nitrogen loads to nutrient-sensitive water. More work is needed to evaluate the efficiency of IBRs in new applications, such as residential sub-watersheds with a high-density of septic systems. The goal of this study was to quantify nitrogen treatment by an in-stream bioreactor (IBR) during baseflow conditions. The IBR was constructed in March 2017 when approximately 1 m of streambed sediment was excavated and backfilled with 0.75 m of woodchips capped by 0.2 m of rotary-kiln, expanded slate and boulder-sized riprap. Samples were collected monthly from July 2017 – March 2019 including IBR inflow, monitoring ports within the IBR, groundwater seeps draining to the IBR, and IBR outflow. Water samples were analyzed for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, chloride, and nitrate isotopic fractionation. The IBR reduced the median concentration of TDN and nitrate by 40% and 77%, respectively. The median mass removal of TDN and nitrate was 26 and 5.2 g day− 1, respectively. Nitrogen-chloride ratios and isotopic fractionation data suggest that denitrification was likely a predominant nitrogen reduction mechanism. In addition to nitrogen treatment, the IBR provided other benefits by improving erosion control, streambank stabilization, and increased bank-full storage from 6 m3 to 19.2 m3. Results indicated that the IBR improved water quality and other residential sub-watersheds with septic systems would benefit from similar practices.
Thomas Abbt als Polemiker
Authors: Berger Demian
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Rolle polemischer Verfahren in der Konstitution der bürgerlich-literarischen Öffentlichkeit Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts, exemplarisch am Werk des Philosophen, Literaturkritikers und Lessing-Nachfolgers bei den Berliner Literaturbriefen Thomas Abbt. Dessen öffentlichkeitskonstitutive polemische Praxis realisiert sich als theologische Polemik, als polemischer Klassizismus, im Rahmen öffentlichkeitstheoretischer Überlegungen und unter beständigem reflexivem Umschlag nach strategischen oder ethischen Gesichtspunkten. Theoretische Basis der Untersuchung bildet ein idealtypischer Begriff von Polemik als variabler, nicht-dialogischer und öffentlicher Sprechweise mit epistemischer, ästhetischer und politischer Produktivität und stark reflexiver Tendenz.
Narrative Konstitutions- und Stabilisierungsangebote kollektiver ‚rechter‘ Identität in religionsbezogener Kommunikation
Authors: Watzel Anita , Merle Kristin
Published: May 2024

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt narrative Konstitutions- und Stabilisierungsangebote kollektiver ,rechter‘ Identität in religionsbezogener Kommunikation auf. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Affordanzen identitätsbildender Identifikationsangebote in der Konstruktion bestimmter Narrative angelegt sind. Exemplarisch zeigt sich dies über die Konturierung eines rechtspopulistischen (religiös getönten) Masternarrativs: Forcierte Distinktionsbestimmungen zielen auf eine bestimmte Strukturierung der Wahrnehmung sozialer Realität ab. Dazu bedienen sich Kommunikationsteilnehmer:innen auf synchroner Ebene der Figur des Anti-Elitismus, in diachroner Perspektive der Vitalisierung der Vorstellung eines ,heartlands‘, das in scharfem Kontrast zur krisenhaft beschriebenen Gegenwart steht. Beide Momente der potenziell (gruppen-)identitätsbildenden Angebote, so ist anzunehmen, begünstigen nicht zuletzt affektiv die diskursive Rezeptivität und Produktivität nicht nur des Masternarrativs, sondern auch entsprechender rechtspopulistischer Narrativfragmente. Wenngleich Gary Alan Fines Klassifizierung sogenannter „movement stories“ nicht eins zu eins auf das Material des Projektes anwendbar ist, so lässt die Relektüre des Materials mit der Brille der Ausdifferenzierung in „horror stories“, „war stories“ und „happy endings“ noch einmal die unterschiedlichen narrativen Möglichkeiten und Realisierungen potenziell identitätsstiftender Identifikationsangebote in rechtspopulistischer, gar als rechtsextrem zu bezeichnenden Kommunikationen aufleuchten.
School students’ perceptions of trees and wooden objects in their immediate home environment: Possible implications for school environments
Authors: Nmar-Kendöl Jutka , Fekete István
Published: May 2024

We present a county-wide statistically representative survey with 430 Hungarian school students demonstrating that students who have trees in the parental home environment show more positive attitude towards trees and wood than their peers who do not have any. We aimed at finding out about the current attitudes of the upcoming generation with regard to the use of wood and wood materials, and also about the question as to whether they would consciously use wood materials in the future. Results show that school students who have trees in their parental home environment show significantly higher scores on the cognitive, affective, and conative domains of attitude towards trees and wood compared to those who do not have trees in their parental home environment. The present study contributes to outdoor environmental education research in that we provide quantitative evidence for the positive effect of the immediate environment of children on the attitude towards wood and trees. The findings suggest the imperative need for further novel educational interventions in school gardens related to trees and wooden objects.
The Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in Community Wellbeing Research: Deliberative Method and the Lens of ‘Pragmatic Complexity’
Authors: Passey Andrew , South Jane , Southby Kris , Gamsu Mark , Bagnall Anne-Marie , Pennington Andy , Corcoran Rhiannon
Published: May 2024

Growing policymaker interest in community wellbeing puts a premium on knowledge about existing community-level challenges and possible policy responses. If evidence-based policy and practice is foregrounded in these developments, there is a risk that lived experience is seen to lack validity in policy-making decisions and that knowledge from and about underrepresented groups is underemphasised. In consequence, the best available evidence on which to make policy decisions affecting these groups might be missed, thus potentially increasing health inequalities. This paper extends debate on this dilemma in this journal by using the lens of ‘pragmatic complexity’ as an alternative view on what works as evidence for policy and practice in community wellbeing. We present an empirical analysis of two expert hearings about community wellbeing. The events used a deliberative approach, allowing participants to probe evidence and consider from multiple perspectives ideas of how to address identified issues. Two overarching themes from the hearings - a perceived gap between the rhetoric and reality of wellbeing evidence, and proposals on ‘what works’ in the (co)-production of knowledge about wellbeing – are articulated and explored. We develop specific features emerging from the hearings that have wider resonance for community wellbeing research and suggest potential responses: what counts as ‘good’ or good-enough evidence about community wellbeing; system responses requiring thinking and engaging with complexity; reflections on the collective and collaborative process of an expert hearing approach. The combination of analysis of knowledge generated deliberatively through an expert hearing approach and a pragmatic complexity lens, delimits our contribution.
Evaluation of fault-sealing: a case study on Xiangguosi underground gas storage, SW China
Authors: Mu Ruoyu , Luo Yu , Zhao Zihan , Zhou Yuan , Zhao Yuchao , Wang Mengyu , Li Limin
Published: May 2024

China vigorously implements the dual carbon strategy, and natural gas consumption continues to grow rapidly. It is urgent to improve the natural gas “production, supply, storage, and sales” system and accelerate the construction of underground gas storage (UGS). UGS requires “storage, injection, and extraction”. Faults are the primary factor of “storage”, the evaluation of fault-sealing is crucial for the safe construction and operation of UGS. Existing researches start from the perspective of the hydrocarbon reservoir, develop an evaluation of the basic characteristics of faults, lithological configuration of the fault’s two blocks, analysis of production performance, Shale Smear Factor (SSF), Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR), properties of fault-filling materials, 3D tectonic model, normal pressure on the fault plane, fault shear index, and fault plugging coefficient. This paper systematically analyzes the adaptability of existing methods and proposes an index to evaluate the fault-sealing capability of UGS. Taking the first UGS in SW China—Xiangguosi UGS as a case, using this workflow to evaluate the fault-sealing capability of 5 major faults. It is believed that the evaluation of fault-sealing on Xiangguosi UGS is good. This conclusion supports the design of construction key indicators and is the important basis point of the construction of the “signpost” UGS. It is of guiding significance and provides a reference for the evaluation of fault-sealing for the rebuilding of depleted gas reservoirs to UGSs.
Machine Learning Assisted Exploration for Affine Deligne–Lusztig Varieties
Authors: Dong Bin , He Xuhua , Jin Pengfei , Schremmer Felix , Yu Qingchao
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a novel, interdisciplinary study that leverages a Machine Learning (ML) assisted framework to explore the geometry of affine Deligne–Lusztig varieties (ADLV). The primary objective is to investigate the non-emptiness pattern, dimension, and enumeration of irreducible components of ADLV. Our proposed framework demonstrates a recursive pipeline of data generation, model training, pattern analysis, and human examination, presenting an intricate interplay between ML and pure mathematical research. Notably, our data-generation process is nuanced, emphasizing the selection of meaningful subsets and appropriate feature sets. We demonstrate that this framework has a potential to accelerate pure mathematical research, leading to the discovery of new conjectures and promising research directions that could otherwise take significant time to uncover. We rediscover the virtual dimension formula and provide a full mathematical proof of a newly identified problem concerning a certain lower bound of dimension. Furthermore, we extend an open invitation to the readers by providing the source code for computing ADLV and the ML models, promoting further explorations. This paper concludes by sharing valuable experiences and highlighting lessons learned from this collaboration.
Experimental investigation of the heat transfer characteristics, operating limits, and temperature distribution of a prototypically 3 m long two-phase closed thermosyphon for spent fuel pool passive cooling
Authors: Castro Sergio Iván Cáceres , Kirsch Marc , Kulenovic Rudi , Starflinger Jörg
Published: May 2024

The current study investigated the heat transfer performance, operation limits, and temperature distribution of a 3 m prototype model for a large-scale straight two-phase closed thermosyphon with deionized water designed for passive cooling of nuclear spent fuel pools with a filling ratio ranging from 20% to 100% and a heat source temperature ranging from 45 to 80 °C. After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the need for a reliable cooling system for these pools increased, with thermosyphons emerging as a promising solution for passive cooling. The experimental procedure implemented in this study yielded a comprehensive understanding of the operation and phenomena inside a thermosyphon, providing crucial data for the validation and enhancement of numerical models that simulate relevant phenomena within nuclear power plants, including passive residual heat removal with thermosyphons. The results indicated that the optimal heat transfer performance was achieved at a filling ratio of 30%, where the thermosyphon begins operation at a heat source temperature of 45 °C. Additionally, the temperature distribution along the thermosyphon confirmed the operation limits, including partial dryout at a 20% filling ratio and geyser boiling and flooding (entrainment) limits at 75% and 100% filling ratios, respectively.