bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional Anomie Theory and Cybercrime—Cybercrime and the American Dream, Now Available Online
Authors: Dearden Thomas E. , Parti Katalin , Hawdon James
Published: March 2021

As the world becomes increasingly connected and interdependent upon technology, crimes are moving online. Research on cybercrime is beginning to test the applicability of traditional criminological theories for understanding crime in this new medium. Using a national sample of 215 self-admitted cybercriminals, we examine Messner and Rosenfeld’s institutional anomie theory. Negative binomial regressions reveal that expressed levels of institutional anomie correlate with increased cybercrime activity. A curvilinear relationship was found, such that low and high levels of institutional anomie lead to higher levels of cybercrime. Our findings reveal how the dark side of the American Dream can lead to online criminality. Specifically, the penetration of, and accommodation to economic values dictated by American capitalism can lead individuals to adopt values such as the fetishism of money that, in turn, affects their online behavior and criminality.
Cyber Place Management and Crime Prevention: The Effectiveness of Cybersecurity Awareness Training Against Phishing Attacks
Authors: Back Sinchul , Guerette Rob T.
Published: March 2021

Criminologists and crime prevention practitioners recognize the importance of geographical places to crime activities and the role that place managers might play in effectively preventing crime. Indeed, over the past several decades, a large body of work has highlighted the tendency for crime to concentrate across an assortment of geographic areas, where place management tends to be absent or weak. Nevertheless, there has been a paucity of research evaluating place management strategies and cybercrime within the virtual domain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of place management techniques on reducing cybercrime incidents in an online setting. Using data derived from the information technology division of a large urban research university in the United States, this study evaluated the impact of an anti-phishing training program delivered to employees that sought to increase awareness and understanding of methods to better protect their “virtual places” from cybercrimes. Findings are discussed within the context of the broader crime and place literature.
Reusable piezo-sandwiched PTFE film for in-process monitoring of advanced composites
Authors: Mahfoud Elie , Harb Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Environmental and cost-saving advantages derived from the use of composites attract aerospace and automotive industries as these materials offer significant structural and aerodynamic advantages over traditional metal structures. The composites industry, however, is concerned with the manufacturing processes as they cannot provide fast enough cycle time to match metal alloy processes. Our research aims to develop a sensing technology in the form of a reusable in situ cure monitoring and assessment system that can predict the formation of manufacturing defects and monitor the degree of cure. Thin-film material is chosen from various PTFE-based material by prioritizing the debonding effect and signal transmission through the composite part. Then, the film is used to sandwich piezoelectric actuators and sensors to monitor out-of-autoclave carbon fiber composite plates using ultrasonic Lamb waves by temporarily adhering to the manufactured part creating an effective electromechanical coupling between the sensing film and the laminate. Initial results, through the analysis of the fundamental antisymmetric A0 mode at low frequencies, indicate that analyzing the velocity and amplitude of these waves over cure time determines gelation and vitrification points. Experimental results have also proved the feasibility of using such a reusable film for different curing cycles, always determining certain cure parameters.
Genre Change in the Online Context: Responding to Negative Online Reviews and Redefining an Effective Genre Construct on Amazon.Com
Authors: Wang Junhua
Published: March 2021

This study examines 50 business responses to negative reviews on Amazon.com in order to identify common genre moves for responding to negative online reviews. To complement the genre analysis and assess the effectiveness of these common genre moves, the author conducted a survey seeking consumers’ feedback on three typical business responses to negative online reviews. This investigation not only provides feedback on how businesses can publicly respond to negative online reviews but also presents an empirical case on how we can balance genre stability and variation and go beyond just teaching typified genre features in our genre pedagogy.
Study of the progressive failure of concrete by phase field modeling and experiments
Authors: Wang Jichang , Guo Xiaoming , Zhang Nailong
Published: March 2021

In this research, experiments and numerical simulations are employed to research the failure process of concrete. Fracture experiments on three-point bending (TPB) concrete beams with a prefabricated edge notch at the middle of the beam bottom are performed using a modified rigid testing instrument. The characteristics of the crack and section are analyzed, including the crack tensile opening displacement, crack length and width, and crack faces characteristics. Also, the full curves of the force-crack tensile opening displacement (CMOD) and force-deflection of the TPB beams with the prefabricated edge notch after breakage are obtained. The phase field (PF) damage model is applied to the mixed-mode and mode-I failure processes of concrete structures through the ABAQUS subroutine user defined element (UEL). The crack path and the full curves of force-CMOD and force-deflection obtained by numerical calculations are consistent with the experimental results and the calculated results of other researchers. The influences of the mesh sizes, initial lengths, and notched depths on the TPB beam of concrete are also analyzed.
The Next Generation of Virtual Reality: Recommendations for Accessible and Ergonomic Design
Authors: Ciccone Brendan A. , Bailey Shannon K. T. , Lewis Joanna E.
Published: March 2021

Virtual reality (VR) device prices drastically declined in the past decade, leading to a shift in the VR market. As VR enters the mainstream, the design of both VR hardware and software must evolve to meet the needs of diverse users. Current systems appeal to niche consumers who are willing and able to use VR despite bulky hardware and accessibility barriers in software. The current review outlines the limitations of current VR systems and proposes ways in which designs can be iterated to produce more ergonomic and accessible systems for a broader range of users.
Digital Skills of Mobile Journalists: Exploring Learning Needs and Learner Experiences of Just-in-Time Learning With Smartphones
Authors: Lee Yen-Mei
Published: March 2021

Through a semi-structured survey of mobile journalists ( N = 433), the study investigated mobile journalists’ learning needs and learner experiences related to their digital skills development with smartphones. Results indicate that not only novice journalism students but also experienced educators, professionals, or mass communication and media workers had a high level of demands on developing specific digital skills, especially skills with smartphones, such as writing better headlines and stories for mobile audiences, shooting and editing 360° videos, and programming skills such as HTML. Recommendations are made for future research that mobile journalists indicated mobile microlearning is a promising approach to support their just-in-time learning.
High-throughput virtual laboratory for drug discovery using massive datasets
Authors: Glaser Jens , Vermaas Josh V , Rogers David M , Larkin Jeff , LeGrand Scott , Boehm Swen , Baker Matthew B , Scheinberg Aaron , Tillack Andreas F , Thavappiragasam Mathialakan , Sedova Ada , Hernandez Oscar
Published: March 2021

Time-to-solution for structure-based screening of massive chemical databases for COVID-19 drug discovery has been decreased by an order of magnitude, and a virtual laboratory has been deployed at scale on up to 27,612 GPUs on the Summit supercomputer, allowing an average molecular docking of 19,028 compounds per second. Over one billion compounds were docked to two SARS-CoV-2 protein structures with full optimization of ligand position and 20 poses per docking, each in under 24 hours. GPU acceleration and high-throughput optimizations of the docking program produced 350× mean speedup over the CPU version (50× speedup per node). GPU acceleration of both feature calculation for machine-learning based scoring and distributed database queries reduced processing of the 2.4 TB output by orders of magnitude. The resulting 50× speedup for the full pipeline reduces an initial 43 day runtime to 21 hours per protein for providing high-scoring compounds to experimental collaborators for validation assays.
Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with cataract and naïve diabetic macular edema
Authors: Barone Antonio , Russo Vincenzo , Maggiore Giulia , Loiodice Marco Sabino , Stella Andrea , Bux Anna Valeria , Iaculli Cristiana
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To assess the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg (IDI) administered in diabetic patients to prevent the worsening of macular edema.

Methods:

Forty eyes of 40 consecutive patients with naïve macular edema secondary to diabetes mellitus who were treated with IDI administered preoperative (Group A: 20 patients) or IDI administered immediately after cataract surgery (Group B: 20 patients). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) changes were evaluated at baseline and at postoperative time points.

Results:

Follow-up study was 20 weeks. In Group A and B, mean BCVA improved significantly at all post-surgery time points ( p < 0.05). In Group A and B, mean CMT decreased significantly at 16 weeks ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). At week 20, CMT failed to reach statistical significance in both groups ( p = 0.5, group A and p = 0.15, group B). No statistical differences were noted between groups in term of BCVA (with the exception of week 4 for the presence of cataract in Group A), CMT and IOP.

Conclusions:

The use of intravitreal dexamethasone implant 1 month prior to scheduled cataract extraction or at the time of phacoemulsification appears to be safe and effective for at least 16 weeks after surgery.
Benign Umbilical Tumors Resembling Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Authors: Ha Dae-Lyong , Yang Min-Young , Shin Jun-Oh , Kim Hoon-Soo , Ko Hyun-Chang , Kim Byung-Soo , Kim Moon-Bum
Published: March 2021

Background:

When physicians see an umbilical nodule, most of them instinctively recall the Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Therefore, dermatologists need to recognize umbilical dermatoses that can be mistaken for the Sister Mary Joseph nodules. This study aimed to describe the different kinds of benign umbilical tumors as well as elucidate the factors that can be used to distinguish the Sister Mary Joseph nodule from these tumors.

Methods:

The “benign umbilical tumor” group included 19 patients, whereas the “Sister Mary Joseph nodule” group comprised 30 patients (2 from our department, 28 from PubMed search). We compared the clinical and dermoscopic findings between 2 groups.

Results:

In the “benign umbilical tumor” group, the most common diagnosis was dermatofibroma (5/19), followed by keloid (3/19), and soft fibroma (3/19). These tumors had various colors (red, brown to black, and flesh colored) and exhibit characteristic surface changes (eg, verrucous changes in epidermal nevi and verrucae). Conversely, most Sister Mary Joseph nodules have an erythematous color, oozing or ulceration on the surface, and nearby satellite lesions. Furthermore, the dermoscopic findings of Sister Mary Joseph nodules showed a polymorphous vascular pattern and a white or milky-red, amorphous area. Benign lesions showed different dermoscopic patterns: pigment networks with white areas (dermatofibromas), thrombosed capillaries (verrucae), and the “pore sign” (epidermal cysts).

Conclusions:

Various cutaneous tumors can be mistaken for the Sister Mary Joseph nodule when they develop on the umbilicus; the clinical and dermoscopic differences found in this study may be useful for establishing a differential diagnosis.
The charmed dyad: Multimodal music lessons for pupils with severe or multiple disabilities
Authors: Bremmer Melissa , Hermans Carolien , Lamers Vincent
Published: March 2021

This multiple-case-studies research explored a multimodal approach to teaching music to pupils (from 4 to 18 years old) with severe or multiple disabilities. By combining music with, for example, tactile stimulation, movement, or visuals, meaning-making processes in music of these pupils was stimulated, helping them to understand the internal structures and expressive qualities of music. Three music teachers and a social worker participated in this study. Individual and collective video reflections and microanalysis were applied to gather data about their multimodal teaching practice. The data were analyzed through Schmid’s framework (2015) of “multimodal dimensions of children’s music experiences,” developed for general music education. This framework consists of four dimensions: narrativity, sociality, materiality, and embodiment. Based on the findings, Schmid’s framework could be revised for special education, thus providing music teachers with a tool for designing multimodal music lessons for pupils with severe or multiple disabilities.
The philosopher as engaged citizen: Habermas on the role of the public intellectual in the modern democratic public sphere
Authors: Verovšek Peter J.
Published: March 2021

Realists and supporters of ‘democratic underlabouring’ have recently challenged the traditional separation between political theory and practice. Although both attack Jürgen Habermas for being an idealist whose philosophy is too removed from politics, I argue that this interpretation is inaccurate. While Habermas’s social and political theory is indeed oriented to truth and understanding, he has sought realize his communicative conception of democracy by increasing the quality of political debate as a public intellectual. Building on his approach, I argue that giving the theorist a direct role in public policy undermines theory as an enterprise oriented towards truth while overlooking the contingency, participatory nature and complicated internal logics of social and political practice. My basic thesis is that Habermas’s understanding of the relationship between theory and practice overcomes these difficulties by providing an account of theory that is independent but simultaneously also allows philosophers to participate in politics as public intellectuals.
Vertical segmental anterior mandibular distraction to aid closure of a severe anterior open bite associated with an accentuated reverse curve of Spee
Authors: Fowler Peter , Haworth Jennifer , Steenberg Leon
Published: March 2021

Background:

The correction of severe anterior open bite is technically challenging, often requiring the use of complex orthodontic mechanics and/or orthognathic surgery and has a relatively high risk of relapse. A marked reverse curve of Spee in the lower arch presents additional challenges when correcting a severe anterior open bite.

Methods and Materials:

A 22.2-year-old Caucasian man presented with concerns relating to poor anterior occlusion associated with a 1.3-cm anterior open bite. There was an accentuated reverse curve of Spee to the lower arch, an increased maxillary-mandibular plane angle and increased lower face height. Multidisciplinary treatment involving the use of segmental anterior mandibular distraction to level the curve of Spee before undertaking a Le Fort I posterior maxillary impaction is described in this case report.

Results:

Long-term post-treatment records showed stable anterior open bite correction.

Conclusions:

This case report illustrates the successful use of segmental anterior mandibular vertical distraction followed by conventional Le Fort I posterior impaction surgery to correct a severe anterior open bite associated with an accentuated reverse curve of Spee and high maxillary-mandibular plane angle.
Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in surgically or medically treated primary aldosteronism: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Jing Ying , Liao Kangla , Li Ruolin , Yang Shumin , Song Ying , He Wenwen , Wang Kanran , Yang Jun , Li Qifu , Hu Jinbo
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

To compare the effect of surgical or medical treatment on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with established primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods:

We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for the meta-analysis. We included patients who were diagnosed with PA following guideline-supported protocols and received surgery or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA)-based medical treatment, and age-sex matched patients with treated essential hypertension (EH). Primary endpoints were CVD incidence and all-cause mortality.

Results:

Compared with EH, patients with treated PA had a higher risk of CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–2.31]. This elevated risk was only observed in patients with medically treated PA [OR 2.11; 95%CI 1.88–2.38] but not in those with surgically treated PA. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with treated PA [OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.95] compared to EH. The reduced risk was only observed in patients with surgically treated PA [OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.34–0.66], but not in those with medically treated PA.

Conclusions:

Patients with medically treated PA have a higher risk of CVD compared to patients with EH. Surgical treatment of PA reduces the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with PA.
Dynamic feature evaluation on streaming acoustic emission data for adhesively bonded joints for composite wind turbine blade
Authors: Xu Dong , Liu Pengfei , Chen Zhiping , Cai Qimao , Leng Jianxing
Published: March 2021

Damage mode identification and premature failure prevention for composite structures by acoustic emission have drawn a great deal of attention. Feature evaluation on streaming acoustic emission data is one of the significant issues in research of acoustic emission signal processing. This work conducts dynamic feature evaluation on 15 conventional acoustic emission features so as to seek a deeper insight into different features with damage accumulation. First, the procedure of dynamic feature evaluation is presented based on three basic algorithms. Second, the streaming acoustic emission data are collected from the adhesively bonded composite single-lap joint subjected to quasi-static tensile loads. Third, further efforts are made so as to explore the information contained as well as to interpret the effect of damage accumulation. It is found that different conventional acoustic emission features show distinctive functions, including damage mode identification, damage process indication, and both of them. Informative features for damage pattern recognition are independent on damage accumulation. Useful features for damage process description show sensitive dynamic characteristics with damage accumulation, especially before the complete failure of the specimen. Furthermore, dynamic feature evaluation can be used to detect singular signals.
Design of a uniform irradiance source based on light emitting diodes
Authors: Rojas Villafañe E , Valor A , de la Rosa JM , Fabila-Bustos D , Stolik S
Published: March 2021

Many applications in various fields require uniform illumination from light sources, for example, in medical imaging in the biophotonics area. In this work, the design and application of an annular light-emitting diode array capable of producing a homogeneous irradiance pattern is presented. As part of the design process, software that allows the simulation of the irradiance pattern as a function of the LED’s radiant intensity distribution, and the position and inclination angle of the LEDs, was developed and validated. Based on the simulation results, a source that produces homogeneous illumination over an area of 20 mm in diameter, where the lowest irradiance is more than 94% of the maximum irradiance, was constructed and tested in real conditions. The simulation method and theoretical calculations on which the array is based can be applied to the design of sources for other applications where a homogeneous irradiance is required.
Becoming-teacher as (in)activist: Feeling and refusing the force of university policy
Authors: Grant Barbara M
Published: March 2021

University teaching is the target of intensified policy making. The policies’ purpose is sometimes to solve a specific problem but always to demonstrate the ‘quality’ of the institution. Policies also seek to normalise university teaching practices according to value-laden ideas of what those practices should be. Normalisation exacts a painful price: by necessity it produces the abnormal, the unethical, even the unspeakable. This paper explores the normalising force of teaching policies as they are plugged into the assemblage of a becoming-teacher and wonders about the possibilities for activism in relation to that force. In an open-ended process of clouded agency, the wilful human self of Becoming-TeacherBG struggles with and against new norms: if she is to stay recognisable as a good academic subject, she must negotiate with them. Yet, it’s not all up to her. Composed from complex alliances between teaching places and technologies, teaching (and taught) selves, teaching policies and curriculum materials, Becoming-TeacherBG is sometimes undone by the new norms and sometimes refuses them. This paper offers a ‘critical view from the body’ ( Haraway, 1988 : 859) with respect to university teaching policies in order to inspire conversation about the varied ground and nature of everyday academic activisms – including some that might look like a lack of activism – with the goal of encouraging them to flourish as spaces of freedom and refusal towards a better university. Such (in)activisms seek to change the business-as-usual of the university, usually at a micropolitical level, but they may also set larger changes in motion.
Identifying Needs and Barriers to Engage Family Members in Transplant Candidate Care
Authors: McKinney Warren T. , Bruin Marilyn J. , Kurschner Sophie , Partin Melissa R. , Hart Allyson
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Friends and family members provide critical support to patients on the waitlist for deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, little is known about how best to support and engage them effectively to improve patient outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted 5 focus groups with the family members of patients on the waitlist for a deceased donor kidney (n=23) to identify individual- and group-level targets for an intervention. Discussions encouraged participants to reflect on their support roles, experiences at the transplant evaluation, interactions with providers, knowledge of transplant options and expected outcomes. Transcripts of study sessions were coded using an iterative and inductive process.

Results:

The thematic analysis produced two main themes related to experiences providing care to patients on the waitlist for kidney transplantation. First, participants revealed that supporting a patient on the waitlist created challenges that reverberate through their entire social structure. Family members discussed frustrations with adapting to their patient’s kidney health needs, feelings of isolation, and barriers to identifying and building effective support networks. Second, participants described multiple challenges that prevented their patient-family unit from making informed decisions about transplant care. These challenges included communication with their patient, patients resisting help, difficulty understanding the information, and feeling helpless.

Conclusion:

Family members providing care to patients with end-stage kidney disease require targeted support to overcome the unique challenges associated with their role in helping to meet their patient’s clinical needs. Interventions to engage friends and family members in the care of kidney transplant candidates need to effectively address these challenges.
A Narrative Review of Qualitative Studies Describing Access to Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Ranahan Molly , Dolph Beth , VonVisger Jon , Cadzow Renee , Feeley Thomas , Kayler Liise K.
Published: March 2021

Background:

This review used the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior change to conceptualize the determinants of kidney transplant access behavior for adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods:

A narrative review of qualitative studies of patient access to kidney transplantation was undertaken. Only articles in English were accessed. The existing literature was critically analyzed using theoretical constructs of the IMB model and thematic synthesis was performed.

Results:

Results suggest patients having more information (greater transplant knowledge), more personal motivation (higher transplant outcomes expectations), more social motivation (more social and provider support), and more selfefficacy (confidence in navigating the transplant continuum) may be more likely to perform transplant access behaviors.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide a framework for considering patients’ levels of knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy in future educational and behavioral interventions for ESRD patients.
Identification of Prognostic RBPs in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Bei , Fang Long , Wang Baolong , Yang Zengkun , Zhao Tingbao
Published: March 2021

Osteosarcoma often occurs in children and adolescents and causes poor prognosis. The role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in malignant tumors has been elucidated in recent years. Our study aims to identify key RBPs in osteosarcoma that could be prognostic factors and treatment targets. GSE33382 dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RBPs extraction and differential expression analysis was performed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological function of differential expression RBPs. Moreover, we constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and obtained key modules. Key RBPs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple stepwise Cox regression analysis combined with the clinical information from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. Risk score model was generated and validated by GSE16091 dataset. A total of 38 differential expression RBPs was identified. Go and KEGG results indicated these RBPs were significantly involved in ribosome biogenesis and mRNA surveillance pathway. COX regression analysis showed DDX24, DDX21, WARS and IGF2BP2 could be prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. Spearman’s correlation analysis suggested that WARS might be important in osteosarcoma immune infiltration. In conclusion, DDX24, DDX21, WARS and IGF2BP2 might play key role in osteosarcoma, which could be therapuetic targets for osteosarcoma treatment.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Green Tea Treatment in Combination with Low-dose Chemotherapy in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Myelodysplasia-related Changes
Authors: Calgarotto Andrana K. , Longhini Ana L. , Pericole de Souza Fernando V. , Duarte Adriana S. Santos , Ferro Karla P. , Santos Irene , Maso Victor , Olalla Saad Sara T. , Torello Cristiane Okuda
Published: March 2021

Green tea (GT) treatment was evaluated for its effect on the immune and antineoplastic response of elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) who are ineligible for aggressive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. The eligible patients enrolled in the study (n = 10) received oral doses of GT extract (1000 mg/day) alone or combined with low-dose cytarabine chemotherapy for at least 6 months and/or until progression. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) were evaluated monthly. Median survival was increased as compared to the control cohort, though not statistically different. Interestingly, improvements in the immunological profile of patients were found. After 30 days, an activated and cytotoxic phenotype was detected: GT increased total and naïve/effector CD8+ T cells, perforin+/granzyme B+ natural killer cells, monocytes, and classical monocytes with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A reduction in the immunosuppressive profile was also observed: GT reduced TGF-β and IL-4 expression, and decreased regulatory T cell and CXCR4+ regulatory T cell frequencies. ROS levels and CXCR4 expression were reduced in bone marrow CD34+ cells, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression in biopsies. Immune modulation induced by GT appears to occur, regardless of tumor burden, as soon as 30 days after intake and is maintained for up to 180 days, even in the presence of low-dose chemotherapy. This pilot study highlights that GT extracts are safe and could improve the immune system of elderly AML-MRC patients.
Dendritic and Spine Loss in Epilepsy: What Seizures Got to Do With It?
Authors: Aroor Alisha , Brewster Amy L.
Published: March 2021

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Surgical Considerations in the Treatment of Axillary-Subclavian Venous Thrombosis in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Mukherjee Dipankar , Kittner Janine
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Traditional treatment of axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis is resource intensive due to the need for advanced nursing care and increased utilization of intensive care units for thrombolysis procedures. We recently encountered this in the management of 2 patients with effort-induced upper extremity venous thrombosis following COVID-19 infection and offer a treatment paradigm for consideration.

Case Reports:

A 30-year-old presented with 2 weeks of left upper extremity symptoms following COVID-19 infection. Duplex ultrasound demonstrated axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis and venogram confirmed total occlusion of the axillary and subclavian veins with profuse collaterals around the occlusion. Suction thrombectomy was performed successfully and veins remained patent at 6 month follow up. The patient declined first rib resection and stopped lifting weights. A 16-year-old presented with 4 days of right arm symptoms 1 month after testing positive for COVID-19. Duplex ultrasound revealed acute axillary and subclavian vein thrombosis and she underwent successful thrombectomy followed by balloon angioplasty with improvement in symptoms.

Conclusion:

The pandemic has strained health care resources such that the treatment of non-life-threatening conditions must be triaged to conserve resources. While axillary-subclavian venous occlusion is usually not life-threatening, timely treatment leads to decreased morbidity and better outcomes. Percutaneous aspiration and thrombectomy without adjunctive thrombolysis may be of benefit in reducing healthcare resource utilization while still achieving good outcomes during the COVID pandemic and beyond.
Fluid Cognitive Abilities Are Important for Learning and Retention of a New, Explicitly Learned Walking Pattern in Individuals After Stroke
Authors: French Margaret A. , Cohen Matthew L. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Reisman Darcy S.
Published: March 2021

Background

There is significant variability in poststroke locomotor learning that is poorly understood and affects individual responses to rehabilitation interventions. Cognitive abilities relate to upper extremity motor learning in neurologically intact adults, but have not been studied in poststroke locomotor learning.

Objective

To understand the relationship between locomotor learning and retention and cognition after stroke.

Methods

Participants with chronic (>6 months) stroke participated in 3 testing sessions. During the first session, participants walked on a treadmill and learned a new walking pattern through visual feedback about their step length. During the second session, participants walked on a treadmill and 24-hour retention was assessed. Physical and cognitive tests, including the Fugl-Meyer-Lower Extremity (FM-LE), Fluid Cognition Composite Score (FCCS) from the NIH Toolbox -Cognition Battery, and Spatial Addition from the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV, were completed in the third session. Two sequential regression models were completed: one with learning and one with retention as the dependent variables. Age, physical impairment (ie, FM-LE), and cognitive measures (ie, FCCS and Spatial Addition) were the independent variables.

Results

Forty-nine and 34 participants were included in the learning and retention models, respectively. After accounting for age and FM-LE, cognitive measures explained a significant portion of variability in learning ( R2 = 0.17, P = .008; overall model R2 = 0.31, P = .002) and retention (Δ R2 = 0.17, P = .023; overall model R2 = 0.44, P = .002).

Conclusions

Cognitive abilities appear to be an important factor for understanding locomotor learning and retention after stroke. This has significant implications for incorporating locomotor learning principles into the development of personalized rehabilitation interventions after stroke.
Misreporting Weight and Height Among Mexican and Puerto Rican Men
Authors: Aylward Laura L. , Schneider Kristin L. , Sanchez-Johnsen Lisa
Published: March 2021

Most obesity prevalence data rely on self-report, which typically differs when compared to objectively measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Given that Latino men have high rates of obesity in the United States and demonstrate greater misreporting compared to Caucasian men, examining the factors that contribute to misreporting among Latino men is warranted. This study examined BMI, Latino ethnic background (Mexican or Puerto Rican), and social desirability in relation to misreporting of BMI, as defined as the discrepancy between self-reported and measured height and weight, in Latino men. Participants were 203 adult Mexican and Puerto Rican men, average age 39.41 years, who participated in a larger study. Participants self-reported their weight and height, had their weight and height objectively measured, and completed a measure of social desirability. Measured BMI was the strongest predictor of misreporting BMI, such that the greater the participants’ BMI, the greater the discrepancy in BMI ( p < .001). Misreporting of BMI did not vary based on ethnic background, and measured BMI did not moderate the relationship between social desirability and misreporting of BMI. When normative error was distinguished from misreporting in post-hoc analyses, results showed that only 34.5% of participants demonstrated misreporting. Findings highlight the importance of identifying normative error when examining misreporting in order to improve the accuracy of self-reported BMI data. Future research on misreporting for Latino men should include weight awareness, acculturation, and length of U.S. residency as these variables may be related to self-reported weight and height.
Defining the Relevance of Signs and Symptoms to Identify Exit Site Infection of a Hemodialysis Central Venous Catheter: A Delphi Study Protocol
Authors: Cobo-Sánchez José Luis , de Pedro-Gómez Joan Ernest , Mancebo-Salas Noelia , Pelayo-Alonso Raquel , Blanco-Mavillard Ian
Published: March 2021

Vascular access is a potentially fatal vulnerability for hemodialysis patients, and a notable area for improvement for healthcare providers. Hemodialysis central venous catheters (HD-CVC) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality from infectious complications. Clinical practice guidelines on vascular access for hemodialysis and infection control do not provide a standard definition for infection of the HD-CVC exit site. The main aim of this protocol is to establish consensus on the signs and symptoms for preventing CVC exit site infection for patients receiving hemodialysis, based on the opinion of a panel of experts. The secondary study aim is to determine the optimum treatment approach according to the signs and symptoms of infection at the HD-CVC exit site, as prioritized by the panel of experts. For this purpose, a modified ranking-type Delphi technique will be used, with three rounds of evaluation conducted via an online questionnaire: the first two rounds will be used to prioritize, by consensus, the most relevant signs and/or symptoms of infection of the HD-CVC exit site or tunnel. Once this consensus has been achieved, a third round of evaluation will be conducted, asking the participants to ascertain the most appropriate treatment approach. The research team has drawn up a list of signs and symptoms related to infection of the HD-CVC exit site or tunnel, based on the definitions obtained from a previous systematic review. The results of the present study will enable us to design an assessment scale for HD-CVC exit sites, thus facilitating early identification and action if infection occurs. The availability of such an instrument will benefit not only clinical practice, but also research, healthcare education and training programs for professionals in this area.
Correlation between ankle-brachial index and thermography measurements in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Antônio de Carvalho Abreu Jesus , de Oliveira Rauirys Alencar , Martin Airton Abrahão
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To correlate the ankle-brachial index and photographic thermography findings in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Methods

Photographic thermography was performed at the foot level, and ankle-brachial index was measured in 72 lower limbs of 53 patients with peripheral arterial disease who were divided into calcified artery, patients with an ankle-brachial index greater than 1.4; and non-calcified artery classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe on the basis of peripheral arterial disease severity. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data, and Wilcoxon test was used for numerical data.

Results

Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (R = 0.7) between the ankle-brachial index and the mean plantar temperature in patients without lower limb artery calcification. Linear regression yielded the predictor equation Y = 3.296 × X + 29.75, wherein ankle-brachial index (X) can be predicted on the basis of temperature values. Spearman’s correlation test showed no significance ( p = 0.2174) in patients with arterial calcification. Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc analysis using Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons showed that the mean plantar temperature was lower in patients with arterial calcification.

Conclusion

Photographic thermography findings show a strong correlation with ankle-brachial index in patients with non-calcified arteries.
Extreme dwelling: Assembling domus horribilis
Authors: Campbell Elaine
Published: March 2021

10 Rillington Place names the site of temporally extensive practices of murder (1943–1953), and offers an empirical entry point for critically advancing the conceptual innovations of relational approaches to the criminological study of ‘home’. In so doing, the paper, firstly, (re)conceptualises serial homicide as practice, more specifically as a mode of domestic labour which materialises in and is enacted through the relational dynamics of everyday residential life; and secondly, rejects the notion of ‘home’ and argues for the concept of dwelling to better capture the active, generative and fluid dynamics of domestic life. This subtle shift in conceptual approach acknowledges how domus horribilis is etched from, and woven through the topological entanglements of everyday and extreme practices, and moves us toward an alternative set of conceptual commitments in our research of domestic space. Drawing from a mixed portfolio of cultural media (including archival, epistolary, journalistic, photographic, filmic, architectural, museological and dramaturgical data), the paper takes forward Schatzki’s site ontology as an organising framework for practice-based analytics, and advances the critical insights of an embryonic criminology of the domestic.
A meta-analytic investigation of the role of reward on inhibitory control
Authors: Burton Sam , Knibb Graeme , Jones Andrew
Published: March 2021

Contemporary theories predict that inhibitory control (IC) can be improved when rewards are available for successfully inhibiting. In non-clinical samples empirical research has demonstrated some support; however, “null” findings have also been published. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the magnitude of the effect of reward on IC and identify potential moderators. A total of 73 articles (contributing k = 80 studies) were identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus, published between 1997 and 2020, using a systematic search strategy. A random effects meta-analysis was performed on effect sizes generated from IC tasks, which included rewarded and non-rewarded inhibition trials. Moderator analyses were conducted on clinical samples (vs “healthy controls”), task type (go/no-go vs stop signal vs Flanker vs Simon vs Stroop vs Anti-saccade), reward type (monetary vs points vs other), and age (adults vs children). The prospect of reward for successful inhibition significantly improved IC (SMD = 0.429, 95% CI = 0.288, 0.570, I2 = 96.7%) compared with no reward conditions/groups. This finding was robust against influential cases and outliers. The significant effect was present across all IC tasks. There was no evidence of the effect moderated by type of reward, age, or clinical samples. Moderator analyses did not resolve the considerable heterogeneity. The findings suggest that IC is a transient state that fluctuates in response to motivations driven by reward. Future research might examine the potential of improving IC through rewards as a behavioural intervention.
Propylphosphonic acid anhydride–mediated amidation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman–derived indolizine-2-carboxylic acids
Authors: Sekgota Khethobole C , Isaacs Michelle , Hoppe Heinrich C , Seldon Ronnett , Warner Digby F , Khanye Setshaba D , Kaye Perry T
Published: March 2021

Propylphosphonic acid anhydride has been successfully used as a coupling agent in the synthesis of a series of indolizine-2-carboxamido derivatives from indolizine-2-carboxylic acid and its 3-acetylated analogue. The acid substrates were obtained by saponification of the corresponding methyl esters produced, in turn, selectively and efficiently, by time-controlled cyclisation of a single Morita–Baylis–Hillman adduct. Various amino and hydrazino compounds with medicinal potential have been used to prepare indolizine-2-carboxamido and hydrazido derivatives.
Communicative functions of emoji sequences in the context of self-presentation: A comparative study of Weibo and Twitter users
Authors: Ge-Stadnyk Jing
Published: March 2021

Focusing on Weibo (a Chinese Microblogging site) and Twitter, this study adopts computer-mediated discourse analysis to examine how influencers use emoji sequences when engaging in self-presentation. It identified a variety of text-based speech acts, emoji functions, and functional relations by conducting speech act and pragmatic function analysis. ‘Claim’ is the most common text-based speech act accompanying with emoji sequences in both data groups; however, the former had a higher percentage than the later. Moreover, emoji functioning as a combination of ‘stance and action’ in sequences comprise the most prominent category in the Twitter data, whereas the ‘concept’ function accounts for the largest percentage within the Weibo data. Finally, emoji sequences serving as ‘emphasis on text’ is most employed in connection with accompanying texts in both data. This study also observed how a lack of user-desired emoji may be compensated for through collocation of emoji sequences, a device which involves significant creativity and intricacy.
Structured internship in health promotion: an approach used in a middle-income developing country — Jamaica
Authors: Fowler-Holdham Nickesha Noreen , Holder-Nevins Desmalee , Walters Dawn
Published: March 2021

Internship programmes have the potential to provide learning and professional experiences, build students’ competency and strengthen partnerships between community and training institutions. In this paper, we examine the extent to which a structured internship at The University of the West Indies contributed to experience and competency-building, provided focus and met learners’ expectations and satisfaction among a cohort of unpaid health promotion interns. The contribution of placements to the strengthening of health education and promotion competencies and interns’ feelings about their experiences are included. Twenty-four (24) internship reports were reviewed using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. The majority of interns were Jamaicans (70.8%), 12.5% were from Dominica and the remaining 16.7% represented other nationalities. Health professionals comprised the highest percentage of cohorts (79.2%) and governmental agencies comprised the largest proportion (63%) of internship sites. Activities undertaken were in the areas of planning, implementing and evaluating programmes (71%) and conducting needs assessments (63%). Communication-related activities were reported by 43% of interns. Twenty-one per cent were engaged in lobbying and collaboration with other partners, while 23% established committees to oversee the sustainability of initiatives. While some interns reported negative experiences with supervision at their placement agencies, all valued internship seminars, which they found as a supportive environment in which they were able to share their progress with peers and academics. The opportunity for applying theory to practice and acting as resource persons were reflected as positives. The structured internship approach seems to have merits for building competence and engendering individual satisfaction.
Social isolation-induced effects on male-specific courtship behaviours and dendritic architecture in associative forebrain areas in Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Shukla Vidya , Sadananda Monika
Published: March 2021

Zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata) are highly monogamous birds that maintain lifelong pair-bonds. Females make the mate choice based on the quality of males who initiate pair-bond formation by courting the female. A mate separation-reunion paradigm can help to evaluate the adaptive value of social affiliation of male finches and their affinity to new females in absence of mated females which can manifest at a neuronal level by dendritic measures. The aim of this study was to examine behavioural and neuronal changes as a result of social isolation following pair-bonding in male zebra finches. Towards this, male zebra finches from a pair-bonded group were isolated for a period of ten days and then exposed to either the mate or a new female. Four main courtship behaviours: clumping, allopreening, nest box occupancy and directed singing were recorded and analysed. Brains were processed by a modified Golgi technique to detect changes in dendritic arborizations using the Sholl analysis. Baseline behavioural results showed an increase in clumping and nest box activity by day 10. Isolated males re-introduced with their pair-bonded females demonstrated increased nest box activity. Alternatively, isolated males exposed to new females demonstrated increased directed singing when compared to their pair-bonded state, but lower than when exposed to same female. Neuro-morphological changes assessed through quantification of dendritic intersections and branch points were observed in pallial brain areas known to be implicated in the development of social/sexual preferences, with the pair-bonded group demonstrating more branching and longer dendrites when compared to the socially-isolated group. Thus social isolation impacts both courtship behaviour and neuronal morphologies with differential responses to the pair-bonded female versus a new female.