bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic optimization of a protein‐responsive aptamer beacon
Authors: Hall Bradley , Cater Sean , Levy Matt , Ellington Andrew D.
Published: April 2009

Aptamers have been utilized as biosensors because they can be readily adapted to sensor platforms and signal transduction schemes through both rational design and selection. One highly generalizable scheme for the generation of the so‐called aptamer beacons involves denaturing the aptamer with antisense oligonucleotides. For example, rational design methods have been utilized to adapt anti‐thrombin aptamers to function as biosensors by hybridizing an antisense oligonucleotide containing a quencher to the aptamer containing a fluorescent label. In the presence of thrombin, the binding equilibrium is shifted, the antisense oligonucleotide dissociates, and the beacon lights up. By changing the affinity of the antisense oligonucleotide for the aptamer beacon, it has proven possible to change the extent of activation of the beacon. More importantly, modulating interactions between the antisense oligonucleotide and the aptamer strongly influences the kinetics of activation. Comparisons across multiple, designed aptamer beacons indicate that there is a strong inverse correlation between the thermodynamics of hybridization and the speed of activation, a finding that should prove to be generally useful in the design of future biosensors. By pre‐organizing the thrombin‐binding quadruplex within the aptamer the speed of response can be greatly increased. By integrating these various interactions, we were ultimately able to design aptamer beacons that were activated by threefold within 1 min of the addition of thrombin. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1049–1059. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated fragmentation of human IgG and purification of Fab using a reactant adsorptive membrane bioreactor separator system
Authors: Yu Deqiang , Ghosh Raja
Published: April 2009

This article discusses an integrated separation–reaction–separation scheme for producing Fab fragment directly from human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) present in serum feed. The novel reactant adsorptive membrane bioreactor separator (or RAMBS) system used in the current study consisted of a stack of microporous adsorptive membranes held within a temperature controlled module. The membrane stack, in the presence of salt, selectively and reversibly adsorbed hIgG by hydrophobic interaction while allowing most other serum proteins to flow through. The bound hIgG was then fragmented by pumping a solution of papain through the reactor at controlled temperature and flow rate. The salt concentration and pH for reaction and separation were systematically optimized using pure hIgG as reactant. The Fab fragment was separated from undigested hIgG and other byproducts such as Fc fragment based on their differences in hydrophobicity. Under optimal conditions, Fab was obtained in the reaction flow through while the other proteins remained bound to the membrane, these being subsequently eluted by lowering the salt concentration. The RAMBS system in addition to being convenient from process integration and intensification points of view also showed higher catalytic efficiency of papain in comparison to that in liquid phase reactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 152–161 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wege zur Endomykorrhiza. Einladung ans Buffet
Authors: Schaarschmidt Sara , Hause Bettina , Strack Dieter
Published: April 2009

Die Lebensgemeinschaft mit Mykorrhizapilzen stellt Pflanzen mineralische Nährstoffe und Wasser zur Verfügung und gilt daher als evolutionäre Grundlage für die Entwicklung der Landpflanzen. Die heute weit verbreitete arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (AM) ist insbesondere unter widrigen Bedingungen (Nährstoffmangel, Trocken‐, Salz‐ oder Schwermetallstress sowie Pathogenbefall) für die Pflanze von Nutzen. Der pilzliche AM‐Partner, der obligat auf die Interaktion angewiesen ist, wird im Gegenzug mit Kohlenhydraten versorgt. Der Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung bezüglich der Etablierung und Regulation der AM durch die Pflanze. Es werden die frühen Erkennungssignale und die nachfolgende Wegbereitung der Pflanze für den eindringenden Pilz, die Kohlenhydratversorgung des AM‐Pilzes, wie auch die Limitierung der pilzlichen Infektionen mittels Autoregulation und die Rolle der Phytohormone für eine funktionelle und ausgeglichene Symbiose behandelt.
Weshalb hemmen Würmer Allergien? Parasiten als Immunologen
Authors: Lucius Richard , Hartmann Susanne
Published: April 2009

Parasitische Würmer können in ihren Wirten nur überleben, indem sie deren Immunsystem gezielt beeinflussen und Entzündungsreaktionen herabregulieren, die gegen sie gerichtet sind. Diese Immunmodulation wirkt sich auch auf Entzündungen anderer Genese aus. Deshalb leiden Menschen, die mit bestimmten Würmern infiziert sind, seltener unter Allergien als wurmfreie Personen. In Mausmodellen können viele entzündungsbedingte Erkrankungen durch Wurminfektionen geheilt werden. Diese Wirkung geht unter anderem auf Proteine zurück, die von den Parasiten sezerniert werden. Solche Moleküle könnten eine Basis für die Entwicklung neuer Therapien gegen allergische und entzündliche Erkrankungen sein.
Alzheimer – Mechanismen und therapeutische Ansätze. Warum wir im Alter dement werden
Authors: Haass Christian
Published: April 2009

Alzheimer ist eine altersabhängige neurodegenerative Demenzerkrankung, die pathologisch vor allem durch Amyloid‐Plaques und neurofibrilläre Bündel gekennzeichnet ist. Für den massiven neuronalen Zellverlust wird das Amyloid β‐Peptid verantwortlich gemacht, das selbst aus einem Vorläuferprotein, dem β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein entsteht. Sekretasen schneiden das Amyloid β‐Peptid aus dem Vorläufer in einem physiologisch normalen Prozess heraus. Sekretasen sind Zielmoleküle therapeutischer Intervention, da deren Inhibition die Aβ‐Produktion reduziert und die Gedächtnisleistung zumindest im Tierversuch stabilisiert. Darüber hinaus führt eine Impfung gegen das Amyloid β‐Peptid zu einer Reduktion der Amyloidplaquedichte. Die Vor‐ und Nachteile moderner Therapieansätze werden vor dem Hintergrund erster klinischer Versuchsergebnisse an Alzheimerpatienten diskutiert.
Wie wachsen Tropenbäume? Jahrringe als Ausdruck von Klimabedingungen und Lebensform
Authors: Bräuning Achim , Volland‐Voigt Franziska , von Schnakenburg Peter
Published: April 2009

Das Wachstum tropischer Baumarten hängt von der Saisonalität des lokalen Klimas ab. In Gebieten mit markanter Trockenzeit stellen viele Baumarten die kambiale Aktivität zeitweise ein und bilden Jahrringe. In feuchten Bergregenwäldern wird das Baumwachstum nach kurzen trockeneren Phasen eingestellt. Mit einer Kombination von Zuwachsmessungen und holzanatomischen Analysen kann die Klimasteuerung der Holzbildung entschlüsselt werden. Die intra‐annuelle Variabilität der Holzdichte und der Verhältnisse stabiler Isotope erlauben die klimaökologische Interpretation der Signale im Holz.
Stammzellen in Hydra. Evolutionäres Vermächtnis
Authors: Bosch Thomas C. G.
Published: April 2009

Die bemerkenswerte Regenerationsfähigkeit und potenzielle Unsterblichkeit von Hydra beruht auf einem Lebenszyklus, in dem Vermehrung ausschließlich ungeschlechtlich durch Knospung erfolgt. Dies setzt voraus, dass jeder Polyp mit einer großen Zahl von Stammzellen ausgestattet ist, die kontinuierlich zu Selbsterneuerung und Differenzierung befähigt sind. Neue Technologien erlauben es nun erstmalig, diese Zellen in vivo zu studieren und die beteiligten Gene zu charakterisieren. Hydra verspricht neben dem Verständnis von wichtigen Aspekten der Stammzellbiologie auch Einblick in den evolutionären Ursprung dieser Zellen.
Der Räuber unter den Mistkäfern
Authors: Wendler Silke
Published: April 2009

Mistkäfer sind weltweit verbreitete, friedliche Insekten und bekannt dafür, dass sie eine ruhige “Dung”‐Kugel schieben, um sich später von den darin enthaltenen Bakterien und der sich zersetzenden Biomasse zu ernähren. Trond Larsen und seine Arbeitsgruppe haben jedoch im peruanischen Regenwald einen Räuber unter den Mistkäfern gefunden. Die Art Deltochilum valgum ernährt sich ausschließlich von Tausendfüßern.
Identification, characterization and quantification of specific neuropeptides in rat spinal cord by liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Beaudry Francis , Ferland Catherine E , Vachon Pascal
Published: April 2009

Substance P and CGRP play a central role in neuropathic pain development and maintenance. Additionally, dynorphin A is an endogenous ligand of opioid receptors implicated in the modulation of neurotransmitters including neuropeptides, such as substance P and CGRP. This manuscript proposes a method to characterize, identify and quantify substance P, CGRP and dynorphin A in rat spinal cord by HPLC‐ESI/MS/MS. Rat spinal cords were collected and homogenized into a TFA solution. Samples were chromatographed using a microbore C8 100 × 1 mm column and a 19 min linear gradient (0:100 → 40:60; ACN:0.2% formic acid in water) at a flow rate of 75 µL/min for a total run time of 32 min. The peptides were identified in rat spinal cord based on full‐scan MS/MS spectra. Substance P, CGRP and dynorphin A were predominantly identified by the presence of specific b CID fragments. Extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) suggested selected mass transitions of 674 → [600 + 254], 952 → [1215 + 963] and 717 → [944 + 630] for substance P, CGRP and dynorphin A can be used for isolation and quantitative analysis. A linear regression (weighted 1/x) was used and coefficients of correlations (r) ranging from 0.990 to 0.999 were observed. The precision (%CV) and accuracy (%NOM) observed were 10.9–14.4% and 8.9–14.2%, 8.8–13.0% and 91.0–110.2% and 97.2–107.3% and 91.8–97.3% for substance P, CGRP and dynorphin A respectively. Following the analysis of rat spinal cords, the mean endogenous concentrations were 110.7, 2541 and 779.4 pmol/g for substance P, CGRP and dynorphin A respectively. The results obtained show that the method provides adequate figures of merit to support targeted peptidomic studies aimed to determine neuropeptide regulation in animal neuropathic and chronic pain models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer facilitated generalized coordinate transformations of partial differential equations with engineering applications
Authors: Elkamel A. , Bellamine F.H. , Subramanian V.R.
Published: April 2009

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play an important role in describing many physical, industrial, and biological processes. Their solutions could be considerably facilitated by using appropriate coordinate transformations. There are many coordinate systems besides the well‐known Cartesian, polar, and spherical coordinates. In this article, we illustrate how to make such transformations using Maple. Such a use has the advantage of easing the manipulation and derivation of analytical expressions. We illustrate this by considering a number of engineering problems governed by PDEs in different coordinate systems such as the bipolar, elliptic cylindrical, and prolate spheroidal. In our opinion, the use of Maple or similar computer algebraic systems (e.g. Mathematica, Reduce, etc.) will help researchers and students use uncommon transformations more frequently at the very least for situations where the transformations provide smarter and easier solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 365–376, 2011
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Correlation of a Brunsvicamide‐Inspired Cyclopeptide Collection
Authors: Walther Thilo , Renner Steffen , Waldmann Herbert , Arndt Hans‐Dieter
Published: April 2009

Cyanobacterial cyclopeptides: A series of analogues of the cyanobacterial cyclopeptide brunsvicamide A was prepared by effective solid‐support‐based total synthesis. Variations in stereochemistry revealed the importance of the D‐lysine and the L‐isoleucine residues for the substrate‐competitive inhibitory activity of brunsvicamide A against carboxypeptidase A.

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The brunsvicamides are modified cyclopeptides from cyanobacteria, cyclised through the ε‐amino group of a D‐lysine unit. They are functionalised with urea groups and show potent carboxypeptidase inhibitory activities. In order to unravel the structural parameters that determine their activities, a collection of brunsvicamide analogues with varied amino acid structures and stereochemistries was synthesised by a combined solution‐ and solid‐phase approach. Biochemical investigation of the compound collection for carboxypeptidase A inhibition revealed that the presence of D‐lysine and L‐isoleucine in the urea section is important for inhibition. It was found that brunsvicamide A is a substrate‐competitive inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A. These findings are in agreement with the substrate specificity of the enzyme and were rationalised by computational studies, which showed the high relevance of the lysine stereochemistry for inhibitory activity.
Syntheses, Structures, and Comprehensive NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Hetero‐Chalcogenidometallates: The Right Mix toward Multinary Complexes
Authors: Ruzin Eugen , Zent Eldar , Matern Eberhard , Massa Werner , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: April 2009

Library of semiconductors: Mixtures of binary chalcogenidostannate anions in protic solution show statistic chalcogenide exchange (see scheme), which is examined by comprehensive NMR investigations, DFT calculations and chemical reactions. A simple approach is provided to generate a library of semiconductor compounds with finely tuned opto‐electronic properties.

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Aqueous solutions of ternary ortho‐chalcogenidostannate anions [SnE14−xE2x]4− (E1, E2=S, Se, Te) have been generated following different routes that all lead to equilibria of all possible permutations of binary and ternary anions. This has been rationalized by means of NMR studies that can be explained by calculations using density functional theory (DFT) methods. Thus, if one reacts such solutions with transition‐metal ions, quaternary M/Sn/E1/E2 anions are obtained, which exhibit coordination by different ternary chalcogenidostannate ligands. The electronic excitation energies of the corresponding alkali metal salts lie between the Eg values of compounds containing either M/Sn/E1 or M/Sn/E2 anions. In this way, we provide a simple approach toward a library of semiconductor compounds with finely‐tuned optoelectronic properties.
Mapping Receptor Density on Live Cells by Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yan , Munteanu Alina C. , Huang Yu‐Fen , Phillips Joseph , Zhu Zhi , Mavros Michael , Tan Weihong
Published: April 2009

Sensitive surveying: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to study receptor density and to monitor ligand–receptor interactions on live cell membranes by the introduction of fluorescently marked aptamers, which specifically bind to certain cell‐surface receptors (see schematic representation; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate).

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Study of the density, spatial distribution, and molecular interactions of receptors on the cell membrane provides the knowledge required to understand cellular behavior and biological functions, as well as to discover, design, and screen novel therapeutic agents. However, the mapping of receptor distribution and the monitoring of ligand–receptor interactions on live cells in a spatially and temporally ordered manner are challenging tasks. In this paper, we apply fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to map receptor densities on live cell membranes by introducing fluorescently marked aptamer molecules, which specifically bind to certain cell‐surface receptors. The femtoliter‐sized (0.4 fL) observation volume created by FCS allows fluorescent‐aptamer detection down to 2 molecules and appears to be an ideal and highly sensitive biophysical tool for studying molecular interactions on live cells. Fluorophore‐labeled aptamers were chosen for receptor recognition because of their high binding affinity and specificity. Aptamer sgc8, generated for specific cell recognition by a process called cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, was determined by FCS to have a binding affinity in the picomolar range (dissociation constant Kd=790±150 pM) with its target membrane receptor, human protein tyrosine kinase‐7 (PTK7), a potential cancer biomarker. We then constructed a cellular model and applied this aptamer–receptor interaction to estimate receptor densities and distributions on the cell surface. Specifically, different expression levels of PTK7 were studied by using human leukemia CCRF‐CEM cells (1300±190 receptors μm−2) and HeLa cervical cancer cells (550±90 receptors μm−2). Competition studies with excess nonlabeled aptamers and proteinase treatment studies proved the validity of the density‐estimation approach. With its intrinsic advantages of direct measurement, high sensitivity, fast analysis, and single‐cell measurement, this FCS density‐estimation approach holds potential for future applications in molecular‐interaction studies and density estimations for subcellular structures and membrane receptors.
A Novel Tripodal Ligand Containing Three Different N‐Heterocyclic Donor Functions and Its Application in Catechol Dioxygenase Mimicking
Authors: Wagner Marit , Limberg Christian , Tietz Thomas
Published: April 2009

Prominent donors: A pyridyl, an imidazolyl, and a pyrazolyl donor function are part of the novel tripodal ligand depicted, which thus combines three of the most prominent donors applied in ligands for bioinorganic chemistry within one coordination unit. To exploit its behaviour and potential, first investigations have been carried out in relation to catechol dioxygenase mimicry.

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We describe a novel chiral ligand, L, in which three different N‐donor functions are linked to a methoxymethine unit: a methylpyrazole derivative, a methylimidazole unit, and a pyridyl residue. Complexes with FeCl2, FeBr2, and FeCl3 have been synthesized and fully characterized, including with respect to their molecular structures. While in combination with FeCl3 L coordinates in a tripodal fashion, with FeX2 (X=Cl, Br) it binds only through two functions and the pyridyl unit remains dangling. For potential modelling of intradiol and extradiol catechol dioxygenase reactivity, the complexes [LFeCl2], 1, and [LFeCl3], 3, have been treated with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol, triethylamine, and O2. Both complexes yielded similar results in such investigations, since the LFeII–catecholate complex reacts with O2 through one‐electron oxidation in the first step. Employing 3 in acetonitrile solution, intradiol cleavage occurred, although the undesired quinone was formed as the main product. If reagents were added (NaBPh4, H+) or reaction conditions were chosen (CH2Cl2 instead of CH3CN as the solvent) that made the coordination sphere at the iron centre more accessible for a third substrate donor function, an alternative reaction route, presumably involving O2 binding at the metal, became more important, which led to extradiol cleavage. In the extreme case (CH2Cl2 as the solvent and with the addition of NaBPh4), mainly the extradiol cleavage products were formed; the intradiol products were only observed as side products then and quinone formation became negligible. Protonated base functions in the second coordination sphere increased the efficiency of extradiol cleavage only slightly. The obtained results are in line with current understanding of the function of intradiol/extradiol dioxygenases.
Sr5Al5+xSi21−xN35−xO2+x:Eu2+ (x≈0)—A Novel Green Phosphor for White‐Light pcLEDs with Disordered Intergrowth Structure
Authors: Oeckler Oliver , Kechele Juliane A. , Koss Hans , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: April 2009

A novel sialon phosphor is characterized by an unusual silicate framework, built up of edge‐ and vertex‐sharing tetrahedra (orange and green). Owing to pronounced pseudotranslations, the compound is highly disordered. It was investigated in detail by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Despite the disorder, all Sr atoms (yellow spheres) exhibit very similar coordination spheres, and doping with Eu2+ results in efficient green luminescence (see inset; Em.=emission, Exc.=excitation, Refl.=reflection).

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Sr5Al5+xSi21−xN35−xO2+x (x≈0) was obtained by high‐temperature synthesis (1600 to 1750 °C). Upon doping with Eu2+, the thermally very stable material shows an efficient broadband emission in the green spectral range (λmax≈510 nm, FWHM=69 nm) under UV to blue light excitation. The compound exhibits a complex intergrowth structure (space group Pmn21 (no. 31); a=23.614, b=7.487, c=9.059 Å; V=1601.5(6) Å3; Z=2, R1=0.067), which consists of highly condensed dreier ring layers alternating with sechser ring layers that include both vertex‐ and edge‐sharing (Si,Al)(O,N)4 tetrahedra. Both layer types exhibit pseudotranslational symmetry, which leads to a more or less pronounced disorder of the sechser ring layers. The Sr atoms are located in channel‐like voids of the silicate framework with coordination number nine. The compound has been characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as high‐resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The structure and chemical composition has been confirmed by 29Si solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, lattice energy calculations, and diverse elemental analyses.
The Production and Characterisation of Novel Conducting Redox‐Active Oligomeric Thin Films From Electrooxidised Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole
Authors: Wharton Stuart I. , Henry John B. , McNab Hamish , Mount Andrew R.
Published: April 2009

Novel thin‐film materials have been produced from indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (see picture). These are conducting and redox‐active and, unusually, consist of three distinct covalently coupled luminescent dimer species, consistent with a specific radical‐cation coupling mechanism.

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Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (IC) has been synthesised on a gram scale by flash vacuum pyrolysis. In contrast to a previous suggestion, IC is planar and it is also highly fluorescent, with a solution quantum yield of 0.41. Electro‐oxidation of IC at a rotating disc electrode resulted in the passage of steady‐state currents and the reproducible formation of conducting, redox‐active films with constituent species that are also highly fluorescent. Unusually for coupled electroactive N‐heterocyclic systems, electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation revealed the film to consist exclusively of three redox‐active (2,2′, 5,5′ and 2,5′ coupled) IC dimers with no polymeric products. Calculations showed this coupling pattern to be consistent with IC radical‐cation coupling through the accessible sites of highest unpaired electron density. The unusual combination of a high dimer second oxidation potential and a negligible dimer–dimer coupling rate explains the lack of further coupling. The identities of the dimeric species were confirmed by independent syntheses involving the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of IC boronic acids as the key step. Electro‐oxidation of the IC system therefore offers a ready route to novel conducting, redox‐active molecular films and their redox‐active, luminescent dimer constituents.
Nanofibers from Oxazolidi‐2‐one Containing Hybrid Foldamers: What is the Right Molecular Size?
Authors: Angelici Gaetano , Falini Giuseppe , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg , Huster Daniel , Monari Magda , Tomasini Claudia
Published: April 2009

A series of oligomers of the type Boc‐(L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd)n‐OBn (Boc=tert‐butoxycarbonyl; Oxd=4‐methyl‐5‐carboxy oxazolidin‐2‐one; Bn=benzyl) were prepared for n=2–5. The shortest oligomer, Boc‐(L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd)2‐OBn, aggregates and forms a fiber‐like material with an anti‐parallel β‐sheet structure in which the oligopeptide units are connected to each other by only one intermolecular hydrogen bond. The longer oligomers exhibit structural heterogeneity. They start to organize into secondary structures by the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds at the pentamer level. Microscopy and diffraction of the oligomers indicated a crystalline character for only the shorter ones.
Lanthaballs: Chiral, Structurally Layered Polycarbonate Tridecanuclear Lanthanoid Clusters
Authors: Chesman Anthony S. R. , Turner David R. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Murray Keith S. , Deacon Glen B. , Batten Stuart R.
Published: April 2009

New balls please! The viability of using carbonate as the primary anion in cluster formation is demonstrated in the synthesis of ‘lanthaballs’, spherical tridecanuclear lanthanoid complexes with a novel [Ln(CO3)6] moiety in a [Ln13(CO3)14] core (see picture). The chirality of the lanthaballs is evidenced in the configuration of extended columns of π‐stacked phenanthroline ligands. The structural and magnetic properties of lanthaballs are investigated.

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RhI‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereospecific Carbonylation of 1‐(1‐Alkynyl)cyclopropyl Ketones: A Modular Entry to Highly Substituted 5,6‐Dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan‐4‐ones
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Chen Zuliang , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: April 2009

Efficient route: A novel RhI‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereospecific carbonylation reaction of (1‐alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones by selective activation of a carboncarbon σ bond of the cyclopropane ring was demonstrated (see scheme). This method provides a general, efficient, stereoselective route to synthesise 1,3,5‐trisubstituted and 1,3,5,6‐tetrasubstituted 5,6‐dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan‐4‐one with convertible functional groups.

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Enzymatic Nanolithography of Polyaniline Nanopatterns by Using Peroxidase‐Modified Atomic Force Microscopy Tips
Authors: Luo Xiliang , Pedrosa Valber A. , Wang Joseph
Published: April 2009

A new enzyme nanolithography strategy for creating conducting polymer nanostructures through the modification of AFM tips with peroxidase is described. Scanning of the modified tip in the presence of aniline and hydrogen peroxide is used for biocatalytic patterning of different polyaniline nanostructures (see figure).

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Macrocyclic Disulfides for Studies of Sensitized Photolysis of the SS Bond
Authors: Huang Zhen , Yang Qing‐Zheng , Kucharski Timothy J. , Khvostichenko Daria , Wakeman Steven M. , Boulatov Roman
Published: April 2009

Sensitized photolysis: We describe a series of macrocyclic disulfides containing stiff stilbene (see scheme) as the intramolecular photosensitizer designed for fundamental mechanistic studies of sensitized photolysis of the SS bond. Preliminary studies revealed weak temperature dependence of the quantum yields, which decreased exponentially with Boltzmann‐weighted average separation between the SS bond and stiff stilbene.

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“Click” Methodology for Synthesis of Functionalized [3]Catenanes: Toward Higher Interlocked Structures
Authors: Megiatto Jackson D. , Schuster David I.
Published: April 2009

“Double Click” and it's locked: Copper(I)‐templated synthesis in conjunction with “click” chemistry has been applied in a straightforward manner for the preparation of functionalized [3]catenanes. This methodology allows the construction of higher interlocked architectures, including polymers and networks as well as electron donor–acceptor nanomaterials suitable for investigation of long‐range photoinduced electron‐transfer processes.

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ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Electronic Structures of Isoelectronic Metalloclusters: Tungsten(II) Halides and Rhenium(III) Chalcogenide Halides
Authors: Gray Thomas G.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Crystal Structure of the Mn—Ni—Si G‐Phase.
Authors: Yan Xinlin , Grytsiv A. , Rogl P. , Pomjakushin V. , Xue Xiangxin
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of High‐Oxygen Pressure Annealed Sr1‐xLaxCo0.5Fe0.5 O3‐δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5).
Authors: Swierczek Konrad , Dabrowski Bogdan , Suescun Leopoldo , Kolesnik Stanislaw
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of a Series of Lithium Garnets Ln3Li5Ta2O12 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd): Structural Properties, Alexandrite Effect and Unusual Ionic Conductivity.
Authors: Roof Irina P. , Smith Mark D. , Cussen Edmund J. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Physical Properties of 1:2 B‐Site‐Ordered Perovskite Ba3CaIr2O9.
Authors: Zhao J. G. , Yang L. X. , Yu Y. , Li F. Y. , Yu R. C. , Jin C. Q.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Sr2Al0.78Mn1.22O5.2 Anion‐Deficient Layered Perovskite.
Authors: D'Hondt Hans , et al. et al.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Re—Re Bond Formation in Different MRe2O6 (M: Fe, Co, Ni) Rutile‐Like Polymorphs: The Role of Temperature in High‐Pressure Synthesis.
Authors: Mikhailova D. , Ehrenberg H. , Oswald S. , Trots D. , Brey G. , Fuess H.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Potassium Samarium Octacyanomolybdate(IV) Decahydrate.
Authors: Typilo I. , Sereda O. , Semenyshyn D. , Stoeckli‐Evans H. , Gladyshevskii R.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal, Electronic Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Rare‐Earth Doped LiSi2N3.
Authors: Li Y. Q. , Hirosaki N. , Xie R. J. , Takeka T. , Mitomo M.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of KNaMSi4O10 Compounds (M: Mn, Fe, Cu).
Authors: Brandao P. , Rocha J. , Reis M. S. , dos Santos A. M. , Jin R.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Anion Substitution Route to Low Loss Colossal Dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12.
Authors: Smith Andrew E. , Calvarese T. G. , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic High‐Pressure Form of Elemental Boron.
Authors: Oganov Artem R. , Chen Jiuhua , Gatti Carlo , Ma Yanzhang , Ma Yanming , Glass Colin W. , Liu Zhenxian , Yu Tony , Kurakevych Oleksandr O. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Transitions in MgAl2O4 and a New High‐Pressure Phase of Mg2Al2O5.
Authors: Enomoto A. , Kojitani H. , Akaogi M. , Miura H. , Yusa H.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Na6ZnSn2, Na4.24K1.76(1)ZnSn2, and Na20Zn8Sn11: Three Intermetallic Structures Containing the Linear {Sn—Zn—Sn}6‐ Unit.
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jin , Kraus Florian , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzophenone‐Derived Catalyst with Self‐Adaptation: Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation Irrespective of Ketone Substrates.
Authors: Wakabayashi Kazuki , Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on the Reactions of Thioamides and Related 1,3‐Diazabuta‐1,3‐dienes with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Heterocycles.
Authors: Marwaha Alka , Sudan Vishal , Mahajan Mohinder P.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Nazarov Cyclization of 2,4‐Dien‐1‐als for Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Lin Chung‐Chang , Teng Tse‐Min , Tsai Chung‐Chih , Liao Hsin‐Yi , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Olefin Dihydroxylation Catalyzed by Diphenyl Diselenide.
Authors: Santoro Stefano , Santi Claudio , Sabatini Michela , Testaferri Lorenzo , Tiecco Marcello
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted (E)‐Alkenyl Bromides and Iodides via β‐Oxido Phosphonium Ylides.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Arif Tanzeel
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trihaloisocyanuric Acids as Convenient Reagents for Regioselective Halogenation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Mendonca Gabriela F. , Sindra Haryadylla C. , de Almeida Leonardo S. , Esteves Pierre M. , de Mattos Marcio C. S.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylmethanediamine — A New Reagent for Aminomethylation of Acetylenes.
Authors: Shaibakova M. G. , Titova I. G. , Ibragimov A. G. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐1‐Arylseleno‐Substituted 1,3‐Enynes and Their Applications in Synthesis of (E)‐Enediynes.
Authors: Fang Xiaoniu , Jiang Minhua , Hu Ronghua , Cai Mingzhong
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Double 1,2‐Addition Reaction of 2,3‐Allenoates with Allyl Magnesium Chloride.
Authors: Chen Bo , Lu Zhan , Chai Guobi , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Pentafluoroiodoethane from Chloropentafluoroethane.
Authors: Zhang Chengpan , Lin Jinhong , Qiang Zhenwei , Xiao Jichang
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Rapid Synthesis of α‐Amidoester Derivatives Based on the Three‐Component Passerini Reaction (P‐3CR).
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Oskueyan Qasem , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Reactions of Allylic Carbamates Using Palladium(II): Formation of Oxazolidinones or Allylic Amides from a Common Precursor.
Authors: Christie Steven D. R. , Warrington Adam D. , Lunniss Christopher J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Permethrinic Acid Analogues Containing Various Substituents in Position 2 of the Cyclopropane Ring.
Authors: Mirzabekova N. S. , Kuz'mina N. E. , Lukashov O. I. , Sokolova N. A. , Golosov S. N. , Kazakov P. V. , Perlova T. G. , Potapova V. V. , Kheinman V. A. , Ivanova G. B.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether Catalysis in an Asymmetric Formal Carbo [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction via a Domino Michael/Knoevenagel Condensation.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Toyoshima Maya , Gotoh Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Ionic Liquid Promoted Three‐Component Coupling Strategy for an Expeditious Synthesis of β‐Nitrocarbonitriles/Thiocyanates.
Authors: Yadav Lal Dhar S. , Rai Ankita
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Construction of Functionalized Homoallylic Alcohols (III) by Ni‐Catalyzed Diboron‐Promoted Coupling of Dienes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Cho Hee Yeon , Morken James P.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes with Polypyrazolylmethane Ligands.
Authors: Xu Hui‐Jun , Cheng Yong , Sun Jia‐Feng , Dougan Brenda A. , Li Yi‐Zhi , Chen Xue‐Tai , Xue Zi‐Ling
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Structurally Novel Diaryl Ethers by Regioselective Functionalization.
Authors: Kharul Rajendra K. , Gite Archana , Goswami Amitgiri , Jain Mukul , Pandey Bipin , Patel Pankaj R.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Mannich Reaction of Glycinate Schiff Bases with N‐(8‐Quinolyl)sulfonyl Imines: A Catalytic Asymmetric Approach to anti‐α,β‐Diamino Esters.
Authors: Hernandez‐Toribio Jorge , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reductive Mannich Reaction to Ketimines Catalyzed by a Cu(I) Complex.
Authors: Du Yao , Xu Li‐Wen , Shimizu Yohei , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ligand‐Free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidocarbonylation in Ionic Liquids: Facile Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐α‐arylglycines.
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Lu , Yang Min , Wang Lai‐Lai
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Utility of Ammonium Salts in a Cu‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction as a Facile Coupling Partner.
Authors: Kim Jinho , Lee S. Yunmi , Lee Junseung , Do Yongkyu , Chang Sukbok
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient C—S Cross Coupling Catalyzed by Cu2O.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Zhao Xiao‐Yang , Deng Jin , Fu Yao , Feng Yi‐Si
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of Thiol Esters Using Zinc Oxide as a Heterogeneous and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst.
Authors: Bandgar Babasaheb Pandurang , More Parmeshwar Eknath , Kamble Vinod Tribhuvannathji , Sawant Sanjay Suresh
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Tris{2‐(N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino))aminoethyl}amine Derivatives: Application of a Palladium(II) Complex as a Pre‐Catalyst in the Heck and Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akin , Guemguem Bahattin
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.