bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergizing Human Expertise and Data Engineering: A Modern Framework for Financial Fraud Detection
Authors: Prakash Babu Sankuri
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive article explores the integration of human expertise with data engineering frameworks in modern financial fraud detection systems. The article examines the evolution from traditional rule-based approaches to sophisticated hybrid systems that leverage human analytical capabilities and advanced machine-learning techniques. The article presents a detailed analysis of technical infrastructure requirements, data pipeline architectures, and the crucial human-machine collaboration model that forms the backbone of effective fraud detection. It shows the implementation of detection and analysis frameworks while addressing the challenges and risk management considerations in maintaining such systems. Through extensive examination of current research and industry practices, this article demonstrates how the synergy between human domain expertise and technological capabilities enhances fraud detection accuracy, reduces false positives, and improves overall system efficiency. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous adaptation and evolution in fraud prevention strategies, highlighting how organizations can effectively combine human insight with artificial intelligence to create robust, scalable, and proactive fraud detection systems.
Zero Trust Evolution: Advanced Architectures for Resilient Cloud-Native IAM Systems
Authors: Arun Ganapathi
Published: January 2025

This article explores the evolution of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) and its integration with cloud-native Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems. It presents a comprehensive article analysis of advanced security frameworks in modern distributed environments. The article examines the transformation from traditional perimeter-based security models to sophisticated identity-centric approaches, highlighting the critical role of continuous verification mechanisms and adaptive authentication systems. The article demonstrates how organizations can enhance their security posture while maintaining user privacy and regulatory compliance through surveys of decentralized identity integration, blockchain-based credentials, and self-sovereign identity concepts. The article also delves into system reliability and high availability considerations, exploring fault tolerance strategies, redundancy patterns, and recovery mechanisms essential for maintaining robust security implementations. By analyzing emerging technologies, implementation best practices, and standardization efforts, this research provides valuable insights into the future direction of security architectures. It offers recommendations for organizations navigating the complex landscape of modern cybersecurity challenges.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Inklusi Kesadaran Pajak Melalui Tax Center di Kantor Wilayah DJP Jakarta Selatan I
Authors: Sihite Irma Latifah , Puspitasari Dewi Hernanda , Arsopi Asropi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana program tax center diimplementasikan serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlangsungannya di Perguruan Tinggi di lingkungan Kanwil DJP Jakarta Selatan I. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan analisis dokumen. Melalui penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa penerapan program tax center di Kanwil DJP Jakarta Selatan I merupakan bagian dari upaya mencapai Sasaran Stategis organisasi berupa Edukasi, Pelayanan, dan Kehumasan yang Efektif dengan Indikator Kinerja Utama (IKU) Persentase realisasi kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga. Bagi perguruan tinggi, program tax center merupakan perwujudan pengabdian masyarakat sebagai bagian dari tri dharma perguruan tinggi. Sedangkan bagi mahasiswa kegiatan relawan pajak dapat dikategorikan sebagai kegiatan magang. Â Kerjasama antara Kanwil DJP Jakarta Selatan I dengan Perguruan Tinggi didasarkan pada perjanjian yang akan diperbaharui setiap tahun. Secara internal, Kanwil DJP Jakarta Selatan I akan melakukan evaluasi setiap satu semester. Evaluasi tidak dilakukan untuk Perguruan Tinggi, koordinasi hanya berupa pelaporan rencana kegiatan yang dilakukan setiap tahun. Namun demikian, Perguruan tinggi memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan tax center melalui penyampaian informasi tentang tax center dan menciptakan kegiatan yang bermanfaat baik bagi Perguruan Tinggi maupun mahasiswa. Peran ini pula yang mempengaruhi persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pajak sebagai sumber utama penerimaan negara. Persepsi ini diharapkan dapat membangun kesadaran para mahasiswa agar menjadi Wajib Pajak yang taat di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, penerapan program tax center perlu dioptimalkan baik secara institusional maupun substansial.Kata Kunci: implementasi kebijakan, inklusi pajak, Tax Center
PERAN AGEN PERUBAHAN DAN ELEMEN GAMIFIKASI PADA INOVASI DALAM PENGARUHNYA UNTUK KEBERHASILAN TAHAP AWAL PENYEBARAN INOVASI
Authors: Pambudi Abdul Rachman , Aditama Andreas Yoga , Devi Kadek Jeny Femila , Asropi Asropi
Published: January 2025

Puspeka Kemendikbudristek pada bulan September tahun 2021 telah meluncurkan sebuah inovasi LKPK untuk menyemarakkan kampanye penguatan karakter melalui pelibatan ekosistem pendidikan. Untuk meningkatkan penyebaran dan pelibatan penggunaan, inovasi LKPK telah melibatkan agen perubahan yang disebut APK dan juga menambahkan aspek gamifikasi dalam inovasinya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat fleksibilitas (keleluasaan dalam menggunakan sumber daya), keluasan jaringan sosial, dan komitmen agen perubahan, serta aspek elemen gamifikasi LKPK berpengaruh kepada keberhasilan pada tahap awal penyebaran inovasi LKPK. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif melalui survei yang dilakukan pada 15 hingga 26 November 2021, menggunakan instrumen skala likert, dengan melibatkan responden 72 orang APK dari 23 provinsi di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel fleksibilitas dan jaringan sosial tidak berpengaruh pada keberhasilan tahap awal penyebaran inovasi. Sebaliknya komitmen agen perubahan serta elemen gamifikasi dari inovasi merupakan variabel yang menunjukan pengaruh signifikan pada keberhasilan tahap awal penyebaran inovasi LKPK. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa agen perubahan merupakan individu berprestasi yang telah memiliki fleksibilitas dan jejaring yang kuat. Akan tetapi, jika dilihat dari keberhasilan inovasi yang ditentukan dari jumlah praktik baik yang dipublikasikan di dalam LKPK maka hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh besarnya komitmen agen perubahan untuk aktif melakukan dan mengunggah praktik baik ke dalam LKPK untuk dapat dilihat oleh para pengunjung portal. Selain itu, penerapan gamifikasi yang dianggap agen perubahan sebagai hal yang bermanfaat, juga menjadi faktor pendorong dalam keberhasilan inovasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar Puspeka Kemendikbudristek memberikan dorongan kepada agen perubahan untuk meningkatkan komitmen dalam menggunakan dan menyebarluaskan inovasi. Elemen gamifikasi dalam LKPK juga perlu secara bertahap dikembangkan mengikuti tren di media sosial untuk meningkatkan intensitas penggunaan dan menarik pengguna baru aplikasi. Selain itu diperlukan adanya penelitian untuk mengkaji lebih dalam faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi komitmen pengguna dalam penggunaan aplikasi LKPKKata Kunci: inovasi pemerintah, agen perubahan, fleksibilitas, jaringan sosial, komitmen, gamifikasi, penguatan karakter.
Implementation Of Automatic Adjustment Policy At The Nuclear Power Supervisory Agency (BAPETEN)
Authors: Anggriawan Galih , Kuntadi Cris
Published: January 2025

This research aims to find out how the implementation of the Automatic Adjustment policy is carried out at BAPETEN, which is a non-ministerial institution categorized as a small budget ceiling, but has the task of meeting the 2019-2024 RPJMN target in the context of nuclear power supervision. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was carried out through data analysis and data documents from the business intelligence of the Directorate General of Budget of the Ministry of Finance, Work Plan documents on KRISNA and interviews with the BAPETEN Planning Bureau. The results of this study indicate that APBN funding for BAPETEN in the budget document has a very unequal proportion which causes funding flexibility to be very limited in meeting performance targets, especially the target of fostering, licensing, and supervising nuclear power in health, research, education and industrial facilities to realize security and safety guarantees for the use of nuclear power in the community. The process of determining the amount of budget that is given an automatic adjustment block is carried out in a mixture of top down and bottom up. Priority scale is the main consideration when determining activities that will be reduced and goods expenditure is the type of expenditure that is most affected by the cutting policy. The impact of automatic adjustment is that it causes the budget to be increasingly minimal so that the RPJMN target for five years from 2020 to 2024 is never achieved. Policy making requires caution in formulating which ones need to be taken by considering the pros and cons to maintain optimal organizational goals.
Keywords: automatic adjustment, budget, nuclear budget
Implementasi Kebijakan Pusat Pembelajaran Keluarga (PUSPAGA) Al Inayah Kabupaten Tangerang (Studi Kasus)
Authors: Khakhimah Nurul , Sutrisno Edy , Asropi Asropi
Published: January 2025

Data kekerasaan kekerasan terhadap anak  tahun 2020  sebanyak  12.425  dan  tahun  2021  sebanyak  13.813 (Sumber  Simfoni  KemenPPPA)  mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun,  untuk mencegah hal tersebut maka  Deputi Bidang Pemenuhan Hak Anak Kementerian PP dan PA meluncurkan Kebijakan Pusat Pembelajaran Keluarga (PUSPAGA. PUSPAGA adalah  unit layanan keluarga untuk memampukan para orang tua untuk bertanggung jawab dan berkewajiban mulai dari mengasuh, mendidik, melindungi anak, menumbuhkembangkan minat bakat anak, mencegah perkawinan usia anak dan membangun karakter dan nilai-nilai budi pekerti, hal ini sesuai dengan amanah Pasal 26 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Saat ini Puspaga sudah terbentuk di 16 Provinsi dan 257 Kabupaten/Kota. Salah satu pelaksana kebijakan yang melaksanakan secara mandiri adalah Puspaga AL Inayah yang beralamat di Rajeg Kabupaten Tangerang.  Dengan menggunakan teori implementasi  kebijakan Model Van Metter Van Horn  penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Kebijakan PUSPAGA Al Inayah Kabupaten Tangerang dari 6 aspek. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa kendala dalam  implementasi kebijakan PUSPAGA Al Inayah Kabupaten Tangerang.   Dari aspek sumber daya  yaitu kurangnya tenaga psikolog yang melayani klien yang berkunjung ke Puspaga Al Inayah dan kurangnya pelatihan penanganan kasus bagi pengurus, keterbatasan anggaran untuk melaksanakan sosialisasi parenting yang ramah anak ke warga sekitar Puspaga,  Aspek komunikasi  hanya selintas antara Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Kabupaten Tangerang dengan Ketua Puspaga Al Inayah Tangerang. Sedangkan strategi untuk meningkatkan implementasi kebijakan di Puspaga Al Inayah yaitu berjejaring dengan lintas dinas terkait dan kementerian/lembaga  untuk memberikan sosialisasi tentang parenting yang ramah anak serta berjejaring dengan perguruan tinggi yang memiliki program studi psikolog, untuk  magang di Puspaga Al Inayah memberikan  konsultasi  atau pendampingan bagi keluarga yang bermasalah serta mengadakan dialog kinerja dengan Dinas PP dan PA Kab Tangerang.
Kata Kunci :  Implementasi;  Kebijakan Publik;  Konsep PUSPAGA
Strategi Peningkatan Kompetensi Penenun Dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Sektor Industri Pada Sentra Tenun Ikat Gunung Mako, Desa Alor Besar Kecamatan Alor Barat Laut Kabupaten Alor Provinsi NTT
Authors: Lobang Tang Gabriel , Giyanto Bambang Giyanto , Sri Rahayu Neneng
Published: January 2025

Pembangunan merupakan sebuah upaya manusia untuk mencapai kebahagiaan. Upaya itu terus dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara, metode dan strategi. Strategi yang jitu akan mempercepat pencapaian tujuan yang telah direncanakan. Pembangunan Sektor Industri memerlukan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan SDM tidak terlepas dari kompetensi. Tujuan Penelitian adalah menganalisis strategi yang tepat dalam hal kompetensi penenun agar dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi tenun ikat di Kabupaten Alor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan Teori Kompetensi Spencer and Spencer (1993) dan Pembangunan Daerah dengan didukung oleh Analisis SWOT untuk menentukan strategi yang tepat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan, bahwa Aspek Motif, Motivasi dan Semangat Kerja kuat berasal dari pemilik dan badan pengurus inti. Sementara, Umpan Balik belum dimanfaatkan. Aspek Traits, masih kurang terutama pada Pelayanan. Sedangkan, Ketahanan Fisik baik. Aspek Konsep Diri sudah ada Rasa Percaya Diri dari individu maupun kelompok dan Aspek Pengetahuan Formal masih kurang sekali. Sementara Pendidikan Nonformal cukup dan Informal paling tinggi. Aspek Ketrampilan baik dengan sudah memiliki kekhasan atau keunikan yang sulit ditiru. Strategi yang diterapkan, yakni: Strategi Jangka Pendek dengan mengadakan konsolidasi internal melalui kegiatan latihan proses menenun secara rutin; Jangka Sedang dengan mengadakan kerjasama dengan pihak terkait (stake hoders) dan Jangka Panjang dengan mengirim anggota untuk mengikuti pendidikan formal dan nonformal.
Kata Kunci : Strategi; Kompetensi Penenun; Pembangunan Daerah; Sektor Industri; Tenun Ikat.
Pentingnya Pengendalian Peredaran Minuman Berpemanis dalam Kemasan terhadap Meningkatnya Kasus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) di Masa Mendatang
Authors: Muna Fauzul , Rukminiati Yuni
Published: January 2025

The variety of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Indonesia is a concern related to the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity. Some research results explain the dangers of consuming too much sugar to an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases such as DM, heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. The circulation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Indonesia is very free and easy to obtain, even by children. Looking at the risks posed by Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, it is necessary to control them. Several ways can be done for control, not only focused on the health sector but also require support from the financial, industrial, social, and media sectors. This study aims to encourage the importance of efforts to control the circulation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Indonesia, especially to reduce the rate of increased DM in productive age. Data were collected from various sources mainly from scientific documents and related reviews on the control of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, excise tax regulations on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, especially diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. This study is to carry out health promotion efforts by increasing public awareness about the impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and immediately issuing excise tax regulations for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to reduce the rate of diabetes mellitus at productive age.
Keywords: sweetened beverages, diabetes mellitus, excise taxes
How Are Cutting-Edge Approaches and Established Practices Revolutionizing Mental Health Care for hospitalized patients?
Authors: Arshpreet Kaur
Published: January 2025

Particularly in hospitalized patients, the COVID-19 epidemic brought to increased mental health issues all around. This study thus looks at the developing mental health problems experienced by inpatients, best practices for tackling these difficulties, and creative ideas to enhance the delivery of treatment. The study of mental health systems in South America during the epidemic informs the work. The study found some alarming trends like more anxiety, worry, and dread brought on by restricted access to resources and isolation policies. Likewise, recognized as major hurdles to efficient mental health support were challenges including disrupted outpatient care, drug shortages, and poor virtual health systems. The study covers best practices like telemedicine integration, psychosocial support hotlines formation, and capacity-building for medical professionals to assist in delivering mental health treatment under demanding environments. The studies have guided various reform plans for mental health care that stress changing from hospital-centered systems to community-based models, improving legal and policy frameworks, and promoting local and worldwide cooperation. Conversely, virtual platforms and mobile health apps are offered as transforming instruments for providing mental health treatments to underprivileged groups.
Settlement Of Juvenile Offenses In Klitih Cases Through Restorative Justice
Authors: Muhammad Satriyo Pramudita  , Aidul Fitriciada Azhari
Published: January 2025

Klitih is a form of street violence committed by teenagers in Yogyakarta and is a serious concern. This research aims to analyze the application of restorative justice in the settlement of juvenile crime in klitih cases. The research approach used is normative juridical and empirical juridical, with primary data in the form of interviews and observations, as well as secondary data which includes legal documents and case reports. The results showed that the application of restorative justice can provide rehabilitation for the perpetrator and facilitate social reintegration, while restoring the victim's condition through the mediation and negotiation process. This process increases the offender's understanding of the impact of their actions, fosters responsibility, and builds empathy. However, the implementation of restorative justice faces obstacles, such as limited resources, community stigma towards offenders, and law enforcement skepticism towards the effectiveness of this method compared to the conventional punishment system. This research offers a new contribution by highlighting the unique sociocultural dynamics of Yogyakarta that influence the effectiveness of restorative justice in klitih cases. In addition, it provides policy recommendations, including community involvement in community-based programs and culturally sensitive training for facilitators. The conclusion of this study confirms that restorative justice has significant potential to effectively address juvenile delinquency, provided it is supported by training, adequate facilities, legal reforms, and strategies that are adaptive to the social and cultural context.
PENGARUH PERAWATAN MORTAR YANG DIRENDAM DALAM AIR MENDIDIH TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KUAT TEKANNYA
Authors: Salim Agus , Darma Eko , Yulius Elma
Published: January 2025

Perawatan beton diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya evaporasi berlebihan yang berdampak negatif terhadap beton. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap kuat tekan dari beton yang dirawat di dalam air mendidih selama 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam dan 5 jam. Penelitian ini menyangkut pengaruh perawatan beton dengan melakukan perendaman dalam air mendidih setelah beton selesai dicetak, sebagai alternatif metode perawatan untuk mempercepat pencapaian kuat tekan beton. Adapun penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan benda uji berukuran 5cm x 5cm x 5cm adukan mortar perbandingan standar SNI 03-6825-2002. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin tes tekan terhadap benda uji sampai benda uji runtuh (beban maksimal). Pengujian tekan dilakukan pada umur beton 1 hari, 3 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari dan 28 hari untuk setiap variasi lama perendaman dalam air mendidih. Terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan hingga 150% (19.33 Mpa) pada umur 1 hari dari beton yang direndam dalam air mendidih dibandingkan beton dengan perawatan standar (12.87 Mpa). Besarnya peningkatan kuat tekan tergantung dari lamanya perendaman dalam air mendidih. Semakin lama proses perendaman semakin tinggi kenaikkan kuat tekannya pada umur 1 hari. Tetapi pada umur 28 hari terjadi penurunan kuat tekan hingga 10% (27.67 Mpa) dibandingkan perawatan standar (30.73 Mpa). Dimana semakin lama proses perendaman dalam air mendidih maka semakin besar penurunan kuat tekan terjadi, ini menunjukkan masih terjadi evaporasi berlebihan pada saat perawatan beton yang mempengaruhi proses hidrasi semen.
Kata kunci : Perawatan beton, perendaman, perkembangan kuat tekan beton
Analytical Technique to Mitigate Early-Age Longitudinal Cracking in Jointed Concrete Pavements
Authors: Lim Seungwook , Tayabji Shiraz D.
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the fundamental issues that may create conditions ripe for earlyage random cracking in jointed concrete pavement (JCP) construction, specifically in longitudinal direction, and also provides an analytical approach to predict cracking potential. The finite element analysis technique was used to investigate the level of restrained stresses in the transverse direction of JCP slab resulting from different combinations of variables influencing the stress development. Influencing factors considered for the analysis include slab (paving) width, slab length, slab thickness, interface friction, modulus of subgrade reaction, temperature gradient (due to temperature drop), and concrete modulus of elasticity. Graphical charts for stress level versus concrete modulus of elasticity were produced for different combinations of other variables. These charts can be used to estimate the potential for early-age longitudinal cracking in JCP construction, provided the characteristics of early-age strength development of the concrete are known. Application examples are presented to demonstrate the analysis techniques.
Application of Precast RC Slab Pavements at Airports
Authors: Hachiya Yoshitaka , Ito Akihiko , Tanaka Hideki
Published: January 2025

Concrete pavements are generally used for airport aprons. Recently, concrete has often been applied also to taxiways in response to the recent introduction of larger aircraft and increased aircraft operations. As a practical measure for constructing concrete pavements without the need to close the facilities, the precast prestressed concrete slab pavement has been used hitherto. However, certain problems with this system, such as jointing system and construction cost, have been noted. This study seeks to overcome these problems by introducing a pavement system using precast reinforced concrete (PRC) slabs using high-strength concrete with cotter joints. First, both the PRC slab and cotter joint were analyzed using Westergaard’s formula and a finite element method, and then the system was examined experimentally with small specimens. Design principles for both the PRC slabs and cotter joints were then developed. Finally, experimental pavements were constructed with several PRC slabs and cotter joints, and the repetitive loading tests with B747 landing gear were conducted. The durability of both the PRC slab and the cotter joint were verified through the loading test. On the basis of this work, a structural design procedure for PRC slab pavements at airports was established.
Assessing Damage, Sorptivity, Air Content, and Strength of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements in Indiana
Authors: Yang Zhifu , Weiss Jason , Olek Jan , Nantung Tommy
Published: January 2025

A field condition assessment was performed for selected portland cement concrete pavements (PCCP) in the state of Indiana. Five pavement sections (including a 25 year old un-trafficed section) were selected based on age, traffic, and overall performance. After a field survey and site inspection, cores were taken from these pavements and used for laboratory analysis. The cores were visually inspected, after which they were sectioned and used for air void analysis, microscopic investigation of cracking, water absorption, and splitting tensile strength. Large irregular air voids were observed in each pavement core. The hardened concrete air content was observed to vary both between the different pavement sections and between the top and bottom layers of the pavement. In addition, the hardened air content in the pavements was found to vary from 4 to 13% by volume. Micro-cracks were observed in some pavements that appeared at the aggregate paste interface, through weak aggregates, and around air voids. In damaged pavements, the sorptivity of the top layer of the pavement was higher than that of the middle or bottom layer. The magnitude of variation in sorptivity appears to be related to the age and performance of the pavement. This is in agreement with the results from laboratory-cured specimens, in which freeze and thaw damage influences both the short-term and longterm sorptivity of concrete.
Case Studies in Accelerated Practices for Airfield Concrete Pavement Construction
Authors: Penshkin David , Wade Monty , Bruinsma James , Delatte Norbert
Published: January 2025

Case studies have been developed to form the basis for a Guide for Accelerated Practices for Airfield Concrete Pavement Construction for the Innovative Pavement Research Foundation. First, a comprehensive list of accelerated airfield concrete pavement projects was assembled. From this list, a shorter list of detailed case studies was developed. These case studies were developed through site visits and telephone and electronic mail interviews. Techniques that have been used to accelerate concrete airfield pavement construction include the use of high early strength concrete, the temporary use of precast panels, innovative contracting practices, design and construction innovations, and creative planning and phasing solutions. The case studies provide valuable documentation of the lessons learned in the implementation of these strategies. The Guide will be of interest and value to anyone who is contemplating either new PCC pavement construction or the maintenance, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of an existing PCC pavement under operational constraints.
Curling Under Different Environmental Variations As Monitored In A Single Concrete Slab
Authors: Guo Edward H. , Dong May M. , Daiutolo Hector
Published: January 2025

More than five months of sensor response monitoring was conducted on a single Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) slab test at the National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF). Reliable data for relative humidity at different depths within the slab have been retrieved. The monitored data also included temperature, horizontal and vertical displacements, and strains at different locations. The completely wet curing method kept the slab flat within that period. However, when the wet curing stopped, the maximum slab curling reached a very high level. Correlations between the horizontal and vertical displacements, and the correlation between displacements and temperature and relative humidity variations are analyzed. The analysis of correlations between slab curling and concrete strains are also presented. Significant findings are obtained and summarized.
Dowel Bar and Slab Size Recommendations Based on the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
Authors: Rufino Dulce , Mallela Jagannath , Darter Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper provides guidelines on two major concrete pavement design features: dowel bars and slab size. The analysis of dowel bars focused on low volume roads and streets (LVRS), whereas heavier loaded pavements were considered for the analysis of slab size effect. Design charts are recommended based on the newly released NCHRP 1-37A Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-E PDG). The dowel design charts allow the user to determine if dowel bars are necessary for LVRS, based on four climatic regions, two base erodibility indexes, and the selected slab thickness. In this analysis, the number of one-way average annual daily truck traffic (AADTT) was limited to 100. In contrast, the analysis of slab size was presented for traffic levels up to AADTT of 7,000 and slab thickness up to 40.6 cm (16 in). In addition, two climatic conditions (dry and wet) were analyzed. Dowel and slab size performance data also are presented. The slab size performance data are based on numerous existing studies in the literature. Although the amount of studies on dowel performance is not as extensive as slab-size effect studies, some very informative studies have been conducted especially on dowel bar misalignment. Dowel bar misalignment tolerances for LVRS are suggested based on these studies.
Effect of Density on Strength and Freeze-Thaw Durability of Roller Compacted Concrete
Authors: Delatte Norbert , Amer Nader , Storey Chris
Published: January 2025

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a durable, economical, low-maintenance material for low speed heavy duty paving applications. However, it is difficult to prepare laboratory specimens to represent field performance, because RCC is very dry and requires considerable compactive effort to achieve field densities. The gyratory compactor, commonly used to prepare hot mix asphalt specimens, may be used in preparing specimens for laboratory testing. Materials and mix designs from two industrial paving projects were used to prepare specimens for comparison. Results indicated that the gyratory compactor produced specimens with mechanical properties consistent with those achieved in the field. Specimens had high strength and consistent density, with low variability. Laboratory specimens achieved density and strength comparable with cores extracted from field test strips. The effects of water-cement ratio and degree of compaction on the freeze-thaw resistance of gyratory compacted RCC were also investigated.
Evaluation of Narrow Transverse Contraction Joints in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements
Authors: Rasoulian Masood , Titi Hani , Martinez Mark
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of a research project conducted at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) to evaluate the performance of narrow transverse contraction joints in jointed plain concrete pavements. In addition, the paper evaluates the early entry dry saw cutting method in crack control of jointed plain concrete pavements. Two test sections were established during the construction of a new jointed plain concrete pavement on Northline Road in Port Allen, Louisiana. The first test section is 1200-ft long in which standard transverse contraction joints were created using the conventional wet double saw cut method. The second section is also 1200-ft long in which narrow transverse contraction joints were created using the early entry dry cut method. A monitoring program consisted of visual surveys to observe the cracking development, measurements of joint dimensions, pavement and joint distress surveys, and measurements of joint load transfer. Evaluation of the effectiveness of both joint types (standard and narrow) in controlling the cracking in concrete pavements is presented. Research results demonstrated that the sealed narrow joints performance was comparable with the performance of the standard joints
Structural Evaluation of Concrete Pavements Based on Static and Dynamic Backanalysis
Authors: Matsui Kunihito , Maina James W. , Nishizawa Tatsuo
Published: January 2025

Statistical characteristics of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections and the backcalculated moduli were investigated based on the data obtained from FWD tests conducted on the newly constructed concrete pavements. The precise statistical evaluation was performed for uniform section that was identified based on AASHTO method. Statistical parameters of FWD deflections and layer moduli for uniform sections of sound concrete pavement structures were obtained. It was found that stiffness of subbase and subgrade strongly affect uniformity of FWD deflection for a pavement section and that the frequency distributions of the deflection and backcalculated moduli can be approximated by normal probability functions.
The rehabilitation of the Antwerp Ring Road in CRCP
Authors: Diependaele Manu , Rens Luc
Published: January 2025

The rehabilitation of the Ring Road of the city of Antwerp is, without doubt, the largest and most discussed road construction project undertaken in Belgium in recent years. The Antwerp Ring Road is one of the most trafficked freeways of European importance. Six radial freeways are tying into it and traffic volumes on its busiest sections are nearing 200000 vehicles per day, 25% of which are heavy trucks. The dual carriageway of the Ring is 14.2 kilometers long. The number of lanes varies from four to seven in each direction. Along with 30 kilometers of access and exit ramps on the interchanges, the project comprises a total of 100 hectares of pavement requiring renewal and full recycling. Considering the economic importance of the Ring for the Port of Antwerp, the rehabilitation works envisaged a safe, modern and efficient Ring Road, having a low maintenance pavement with a service life of at least 35 years. Based on a Life Cycle Cost Analysis and a Multi Criteria Analysis, a continuously reinforced concrete pavement has been chosen for the main part of the Ring Road. The complete pavement structure is being renewed and consists of 23 cm of CRCP, a 5 cm thick bituminous inter-layer, 25 cm cement stabilized granulated asphalt rubble and 15 cm granulated lean concrete rubble. A fine exposed aggregate surface combines a good skid resistance with a low level of rolling noise. The paper describes the presently applied common practice for the construction of CRCP in Belgium (longitudinal and transverse reinforcement steel, tie bars, anchoring abutments…) and highlights the details of execution as they have been applied for the rehabilitation works. Some particular aspects are the use of a new type of terminal joint and the design and construction of CRCP with variable width on the auxiliary lanes. By the latter method of construction, only short transverse transition joints occurred between the CRCP on the auxiliary lanes and the asphalt pavement on the ramps. The experience in designing and constructing this ambitious project will certainly contribute to a further development of the technique of CRCP in Belgium and in other countries.
Twin-layer continuously reinforced concrete pavement on the N511 at Estaimpuis (Belgium): an investigation of the optimization of surface characteristics
Authors: Debroux Raymond , Dumont Raoul
Published: January 2025

The general consensus is that durability, an absence of deformation, and low maintenance when the road structure has been correctly designed are among the most desirable features of concrete pavement. By contrast, driving comfort and rolling noise are the characteristics most likely to give rise to discussion. A great deal of significant progress has been made in these areas in recent decades and where in particular we may mention the improvements in surface treatments (such as the super smoother and aggregate exposure), the use of fine aggregates and fine porous concrete. To obtain a better understanding of the problems posed, the options available for the construction of an experimental section of twin-layer continuously reinforced concrete pavement was defined. The principal variable examined in this experimental section related to the size of the aggregate used in the upper layer. Various tests carried out immediately after the completion of the site (roughness, evenness, acoustic measurements) were then supplemented by a new series of measurements (roughness, evenness, noise levels, surface texture). The data taken as a whole made it possible to assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of the selected alternatives.
Comparison of Mechanistic-Empirical Thickness Design Methods and Predicted Critical Fatigue Locations
Authors: Hiller Jacob E. , Roesler Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2025

With the use of mechanistic-empirical rigid pavement design methods becoming more widespread, it is important to note the differences of these methods in terms of their sensitivity to input parameters, conservativeness of the design thicknesses, and failure modes predicted. This study further demonstrated the sensitivity of input parameters such as joint spacing, shoulder type, traffic level, climatic location, and built-in curl level on the fatigue failure mechanisms predicted by several design methods. The use of widen lanes was also found to predict different fatigue failure mechanisms between design methodologies due to the assumptions of each method. An investigation into the sensitivity of the level of built-in curling showed that the thinnest design thickness does not necessarily occur with the absence of this parameter, but is minimized at a built-in curling level of approximately -6°C.
DATA ANALYSIS ON RESIDUAL STRESSES MEASURED IN CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: Guo Edward H. , Pecht Frank , Barbagallo Donald , Li Xinkai
Published: January 2025

A core-ring strain gage (CRSG) test procedure has been devised for measuring the residual stress in a concrete pavement. Initially cantilevered concrete beams were selected for instrumentation to determine if beam stresses could be released and measured by drilling a core-ring. The known load induced stresses for a cantilever beam, before a core-ring is drilled, have a theoretical solution. At the same time, the known load induced stresses after a core-ring is drilled can be determined using numerical tools such as ABAQUS program. Other objectives of the beam tests were to determine an appropriate core-ring size, a range of core-ring depths, and the best spacing between the strain gage center and the core-ring edge to be used for future full scale tests. Most load induced strains were released after the core-ring depth reached 30 mm (1.2 inch). Although the comparison between calculated and tested results shows that a “blind-hole” model matches the test results well, the core-ring model still needs further study for more complicated cases. The results of the cantilever beam tests show a high potential for direct measurement of residual stress in concrete pavements for evaluation purposes.
Design and Construction of a Pervious Concrete Pavement in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Raymond Chris , Lane Becca , Bianchin Maria , Senior Stephen , Titherington Melissa
Published: January 2025

The Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) designed and constructed its first pervious concrete pavement in 2007. The pervious concrete pavement serves as a commuter parking lot located adjacent to Highway 401 near Milton, Ontario, approximately 50 km west of Toronto. The final design consists of 240 mm of pervious concrete over 100 mm of open graded clear stone, over 200 mm of granular base material, over select subgrade material, over silty sand subgrade. Pervious concrete pavements provide many environmental benefits and are deemed a stormwater management best practice. These benefits may be offset by concerns with winter durability and the potential for clogging, especially with traditional winter maintenance. The Contractor elected to use a Bid-Well bridge deck finishing machine for placing the majority of the pervious concrete pavement. A Razorback screed (i.e. air driven steel truss) was used to construct the last section of the pavement. This paper presents the design considerations and summarizes the construction observations and lessons learned. Laboratory performance data for the pervious concrete pavement are also presented.
Effect of the MEPDG Hierarchal Levels on the Predicted Performance of a Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement
Authors: McCracken Jennifer K. , Vandenbossche Julie M. , Asbahan Rania E.
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of this research effort is to investigate the impact of using different means of establishing each input (typical value, correlated value or measured value) on pavement design. First, a comparison was made of the design thickness obtained by using the 1993 AASHTO Design Guide with that using the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) developed under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 1-40 (ver. 1.0). It was shown that there can be a considerable difference in design thickness obtained using the 1993 AASHTO Design Guide compared to that of the MEPDG. The MEPDG was then used to determine the slab thickness while defining the input parameters using different input levels for a field test section. Finally, several parameters identified as critical inputs by other researchers based on the results of sensitivity analyses, were evaluated individually by determining the effect of different levels of input for one parameter at a time. The results of the study showed that the use of different levels of input can change the design thickness for this particular section of roadway by up to 51 mm (2 in).
Evaluation of M-E PDG for Rigid Pavements—Incorporating the State-of-the-Practice in Michigan
Authors: Haider Syed Waqar , Buch Neeraj , Chatti Karim
Published: January 2025

The adoption and implementation of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-E PDG) by various state highway agencies requires validation and calibration of its performance models. However, to facilitate the use of the guide, sensitivity analyses are warranted as a preliminary step. Such an analysis will identify significant input variables required for the design process. The results from the sensitivity analysis will also highlight the needs for resources required to quantify the input variables. Subsequently, the calibration of performance models will assist the state highway agencies to customize the design process to reflect local practices. This paper highlights the evaluation of the current performance models for jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) for the state of Michigan. The sensitivity analyses involved: (a) preliminary sensitivity—one variable at a time, (b) detailed analysis—full factorial. Both analyses reflect the local design and construction practices in Michigan. The purpose of the preliminary sensitivity investigation was to prepare a short-list of significant variables. The abbreviated variables were further refined based on engineering judgment and local practices while levels of the significant variables were selected based on the local design practices. In the detailed analysis, the full factorial multivariate analyses were conducted to highlight both main and interaction effects between input variables on rigid pavement performance. Finally, it is highlighted that the interactions among input variables play an important role while interpreting the pavement performance from the design perspective.
Internal Curing of Concrete Pavements and Overlays
Authors: Delatte Norbert , Cleary John
Published: January 2025

Internal curing is an innovative technology to improve the mechanical properties and performance of concrete. The internal water was supplied by fine saturated lightweight aggregate particles (LWA) in this study. The LWA was used to replace a portion of the conventional fine aggregate in the mixture. An internal curing effect has also been observed when comparing concrete made with low and moderate absorption coarse aggregate. Because concrete pavements have large surface to volume ratios and are exposed to the environment, it is particularly difficult to achieve proper curing. However, proper curing of pavements is important because it reduces early age cracking tendencies and shrinkage and improves concrete fatigue strength. Cracking risk also influences the joint saw cutting window. These considerations are also valid, and probably more important, for thin overlays, whether bonded concrete or ultra-thin/ thin whitetopping overlays. Internal curing is a tool that can increase strength and reduce cracking tendency of concrete, under some circumstances. Splitting tensile and flexural strength are increased, without a corresponding increase in modulus of elasticity.
Optimization of fly ash and slag binder systems for pavement concrete mixtures in Indiana
Authors: Rudy Adam , Olek Jan , Nantung Tommy , Newell Richard M.
Published: January 2025

This paper summarizes a research study on the optimization of concrete pavement mixtures in Indiana. The goal of this research was to select an optimum (in terms of paste content and the replacement level of pozzolanic materials) composition for two types of mixtures: portland cement mixtures containing Class C fly ash and portland cement mixtures containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The variables studied included the total volume of paste in the mixture (21 – 25%) and the level of cement replacement by either fly ash (14 – 30% of total weight of cementitious materials) or GGBFS (20 – 40% of total weight of cementitious materials). The water:cementitious materials ratio was kept constant at 0.44 and the total mass of cementitious materials varied from 272 to 323 kg/m3 (458 to 545 lb/yd3) for fly ash mixtures and from 274 to 326 kg/m3 (462 to 550 lb/yd3) for GGBFS mixtures. The test matrix of concrete mixtures was statistically designed, analyzed and optimized using of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in order to find the most desirable combinations of variables studied. A total of 20 different concretes (including two control, cement-only mixtures) were produced and tested in the laboratory. The optimal mixtures were found to contain, respectively, ~29% of fly ash and ~21% of paste, and ~36% of slag and ~21% of paste. However, in anticipation of potential problems with workability while using variable aggregate sources it is recommended that the proposed paste content be increased to 22% for fly ash and to 23% for slag mixtures.
Problems with and Alternatives to Permeable (Open-Graded) Subbases for Use in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement Structures
Authors: Rodden Robert A. , Voigt Gerald F.
Published: January 2025

Due to their intuitive advantage to quickly remove water from a pavement structure, permeable (open-graded) subbases (subbases with a permeability greater than about 350 ft/day (107 m/day) in laboratory tests) have been a common design element in jointed plain concrete pavement structures since the 1990s. Despite this assumed advantage, permeable subbases are no longer recommended for inclusion in jointed plain concrete pavement structures for various reasons discussed in this paper. Freedraining subbases (subbases with more fines than permeable subbase and, thus, with a permeability less than 350 ft/day (107 m/day) in laboratory tests) that are daylighted are the reasonable alternative to permeable subbases with edge drainage systems.