bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Pendidik dalam Pandangan Imam al-Ghazali
Authors: Al Hamid Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Education is very important in one's life, and the progress of a nation is also determined by the education of society in general. And the quality of education depends on the educators. An educator is not just a tutor or teacher who only conveys knowledge, but must carry out an educational process that is oriented towards efforts to build a more established character and that leads to noble character and ethics in everyday life including a good work ethic. This study aims to see how an educator is based on the views of Imam Ghazali. This research is a type of library research, namely research that uses literature, such as books, notes or previous research as the main reference material, then an analysis of the data is carried out. The results of the analysis obtained are that an educator is not only tasked with transferring knowledge but must pay attention to the development of the morals of his students, and an educator must educate with compassion and without distinguishing the status of his students.
Pemikiran Pendidikan Menurut Az-Zarnuji
Authors: Suriadi
Published: December 2023

This article discusses Islamic education thoughts according to Az-Zarnuji. Islamic education is expected to be able to shape students who can apply spiritual-religious values and ethics, but what is happening currently has not reached the intended goals. As a solution, there is a need for a renewal in the educational concept. This paper is written using the literature review method (library research). The findings reveal that Az-Zarnuji's educational thoughts are relevant to modern education in the following aspects. Educational Goals: The alignment with the national educational goals in the 2003 National Education System Law (Sisdiknas) regarding education goals, both emphasize morality, Educators: This can be observed through the teacher's personal competencies, which include a strong personality, noble ethics, wisdom, authority, and serving as an example for students. Students: Relevance can be seen in alignment with Sisdiknas Law number 23 of 2003, Chapter V, Article 12, which emphasizes students' responsibility to uphold educational norms. Curriculum: The foundation of the Islamic Education curriculum includes religious fundamentals and psychological bases. Teaching Methods: It is evident that memorization and discussion methods are still used in the current era, tailored to the students' needs.
Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Anak Perspektif Imam Al-Ghazali dalam Kitab Ayyuha Al-Walad dan Relevansinya Ditengah Modernisasi Pendidikan
Authors: Saputra Doni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to describe and analyze the values ​​of children's character education in the book Ayyuha Al-Walad by Imam Al-Ghazali which is presented in advice, as well as describe and analyze its relevance in the midst of modernization of education. There are many problems regarding the moral degradation or character of children today, one of which is caused by technological developments that are difficult to compete with. Based on the explanation above, the writer formulates the problem 1) the concept of character education from Imam Al-Ghazali's perspective in the book of Ayyuha Al-Walad 2) the relevance of character education from the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali in the book of Ayyuha Al-Walad amid the modernization of education. The data presented is sourced from the book Ayyuha Al-Walad . In addition, it is also supported by the work of Imam Al-Ghazali regarding the character of children.
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PLATFORM E-COMMERCE PADA MANFAAT EKONOMI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN KONSUMSI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rohman Mochamad Fatchur , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: December 2023

The study provided a systematic framework to examine the perceived effects of e-commerce platforms on economic benefits to predict continuous consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. It used the use-and-gratification theory as the ba­sis for a conceptual model by adding the limited state of fear of the COVID-19 pan­demic as moderation. The study used the Partial Least Square method. A sample of 327 respondents who made transactions via e-commerce platforms was taken. Data were collected by using Google Forms. The results showed that online customers’ fear of the COVID-19 pandemic positively moderated the relationship between the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms and economic benefits. Secondly, online cus­tom­ers’ fear of the COVID-19 pandemic positively moderated the relationship bet­ween economic benefits and continuous consumption. Furthermore, the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms had a stronger effect on economic benefits when the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic was higher. This study found a moderating effect of fear of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between the effectiveness of e-com­mer­ce platforms and economic benefits and continuous consumption. The higher the fe­ar of the COVID-19 pandemic, the higher the perceived economic benefits of online shopping were. Furthermore, the higher the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic, the higher the need to shop continuously online was.Penelitian ini memberikan kerangka sistematis untuk menguji dampak yang dirasakan dari platform e-commerce terhadap manfaat ekonomi dalam memprediksi konsumsi berke­lan­jutan pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori use and gratifi­ca­tion sebagai dasar model konseptual dengan menambahkan kondisi batas ketakutan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Partial Least Square. Sam­­­pel yang digunakan adalah 327 responden yang bertransaksi melalui platform e-com­mer­ce. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunaan Google Form. Hasil penelitian me­nun­juk­kan: Pertama, ketakutan pandemi COVID-19 pelanggan online secara positif memoderasi hu­bungan antara efektivitas platform e-commerce dengan manfaat ekonomi. Kedua, ketakutan pelanggan online pada pandemi COVID-19 secara positif memoderasi hubungan antara man­faat ekonomi dengan konsumsi berkelanjutan. Ketiga, efektivitas platform e-commerce me­me­ngaruhi manfaat ekonomi lebih kuat ketika ketakutan pandemi COVID-19 lebih tinggi. Stu­di ini menemukan efek moderasi dari ketakutan pandemi COVID-19 pada hubungan an­tara efektivitas platform e-commerce dengan manfaat ekonomi, dan konsumsi berkelanjutan, artinya ketika semakin tinggi ketakutan karena pandemi COVID-19, maka manfaat ekonomi yang dirasakan dari belanja online juga semakin tinggi begitu pula ketika ketakutan pandemi COVID-19 semakin tinggi, maka untuk berbelanja secara berkelanjutan melalui online juga semakin tinggi.
Asset selection based on estimating stress-strength probabilities: The case of returns following three-parameter generalized extreme value distributions
Authors: Quintino Felipe S. , Oliveira Melquisadec , Rathie Pushpa N. , Ozelim Luan C. S. M. , da Fonseca Tiago A.
Published: December 2023

Analyzing the statistical behavior of the assets' returns has shown to be an interesting approach to perform asset selection. In this work, we explore a stress-strength reliability approach to perform asset selection based on probabilities of the type $ P(X < Y) $ when both $ X $ and $ Y $ follow a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with three parameters. At first, we derive new analytical and closed form relations in terms of the extreme value $ \mathbb{H} $-function, which have been obtained under fewer parameter restrictions compared to similar results in the literature. To show the performance of our results, we include a Monte-Carlo simulation study and we investigate the application of the reliability measure $ P(X < Y) $ in selecting financial assets with returns characterized by the distributions $ X $ and $ Y $. Therefore, rather than the conventional approach of comparing the expected values of $ X $ and $ Y $ based on modern portfolio theory, we delve into the metric $ P(X < Y) $ as an alternative parameter for assessing better returns.
Effects of Increased Blood Flow Rate and Oral Activated Charcoal on the Severity of Uremic Pruritus: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Zanganeh Mahmoud , Abbasi Ali , Khosravi Ahmad , Amerian Monireh , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of increased blood flow rate and the administration of an activated charcoal suspension on the severity of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients in a crossover clinical trial. Each group (n = 20) received three 2-week interventions, including increased pumping speed, daily administration of a charcoal suspension (6 g), and the concurrent use of increased pumping speed and oral administration of the charcoal suspension. After each intervention, they had a 2-week washout period. The severity and quality of pruritus were measured using the Yosipovitch's pruritus questionnaire. The results showed that the mean severity, highest pruritus score, and lowest pruritus score decreased after all three interventions, but the highest decrease was related to the third intervention. Considering the results of this study, simultaneous use of increased pumping speed and oral administration of a charcoal suspension is recommended to reduce uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients.
Acquired Perforating Dermatosis: A Disorder Treatable with Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Al-Bader Shaima , El-Reshaid Kamel , Madda John
Published: December 2023

Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is an adult skin disease characterized by an umbilicated papulonodular rash with transepidermal elimination of dermal components such as collagen and/or elastin. It is frequently associated with multiple medications and diseases such as diabetes and chronic renal failure. It is a disabling disease with severe pruritus in 83.3% of cases and generalized ulcerating lesions that are associated with infections and scarring. Nearly 10% of renal patients are affected. Supportive measurements of disease activity and previous medications failed to halt its natural progression. In our study, we documented significant improvements in the severity of the disease as measured by the eczema area and severity index (EASI), in 32 patients with the renal disease through the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), with EASI decreasing from 31 [interquartile range (IQR) = 4] to 3 (IQR = 4) by the 3rd month. Moreover, such changes persisted for up to 2 years despite a decrease in the dose of MMF to half after 1 year. In conclusion, our study showed that MMF is a safe and effective immunosuppressive drug for short- and intermediate-term therapy of severe APD and confirmed its autoimmune etiology.
Prevalence and Pattern of Glomerulonephritis: An Experience of Two Tertiary Centers in Malaysia
Authors: Maifata Sadiq , Hod Rafidah , Ghani Fauzah Abd , Zakaria Fadhlina
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of glomerulonephritis (GN), especially membranous GN (MGN), changes from time to time. This change may be due to genetic predisposition, environmental factors race, age, and indications for a renal biopsy. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution and changing patterns of GN by further assessing the prevalence of MGN. A 1000, 123 biopsies were performed from January 2012 to October 2019 in Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and clinical presentations were used to differentiate primary and secondary MGN, from which 611 and 457 primary and secondary subjects were diagnosed with primary and secondary GN, respectively. Primary MGN accounts for 13% of all the primary GN, while lupus nephritis (LN) accounts for 44.2% of all secondary GN followed by diabetes mellitus (25.6%). The proportions of primary and secondary MGN were 64.8% and 35.2%, respectively, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1 in favor of females. The renal biopsy obtained from the registry of two prominent hospitals in Malaysia provided valuable prevalence and demonstrated changes in the prevalence of GN in Malaysia. Notwithstanding, immunoglobulin A nephropathy and LN remain the most common causes of primary and secondary GN in Malaysia.
Genetic Studies in Infants with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Karunakar Pediredla , Chidambaram Aakash Chandran , Krishnamurthy Sriram , Sivamurukan Palanisamy , Deepthi Bobbity , Gowda Mamatha
Published: December 2023

Information on the genetic profile of congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) from India is scarce. The management of CNS is largely supportive of the setting of developing countries, mainly via the administration of intravenous albumin infusions, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and levothyroxine. Inadequate infrastructure and management facilities, including genetic analyses, further hamper the outcome. These infants may progress to end-stage renal disease, and mortality is high in infancy. Here, we report a case series of four infants (aged 14–60 days) with CNS from our center with genetic mutations (including mutations in the NPHS1 and LAMB2 genes) that were not described in previous reports from India. Although responsiveness to enalapril has been documented in anecdotal reports of NPHS1 mutations, our case series of four infants did not exhibit any response to enalapril. Our case series adds to the existing literature regarding the genetic profile of CNS in India.
The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on social cognition in autism spectrum disorder: preliminary analysis of a pilot clinical trial
Authors: Assadi Mitra , Koiler Reza , Harrison-Goldman Terry , Fischer Richard , Curtin Adrian
Published: December 2023

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a promising tool for modulating the cortical activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however there is currently no consensus regarding the optimal cortical targets or stimulation paradigms. One prevailing theory in ASD attributes the core social deficits to dysfunction of the mirror neurons located in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and inferior frontal gyrus. This is an ongoing pilot clinical trial which aims to explore the effects of excitatory modulation of the IPL via rTMS on social cognition in ASD. At the time of drafting this manuscript, 11 subjects with ASD, 10 boys and 1 girl with the mean age of 13.27 years had completed the study, receiving 10 sessions of high frequency rTMS on the left or right IPL and sham stimulation on the contralateral IPL. None of the 11 subjects experienced any adverse effects. This preliminary analysis on the 11 subjects shows a favorable response to high frequency rTMS modulation of the mirror neurons at IPL on measures of social awareness. Our observations indicate that subjects with ASD levels I and II are more likely to have a favorable response to this intervention.
Outcomes Following Hemodialysis with Hemoperfusion in Children with End-stage Kidney Disease and Moderate-to-severe COVID-19
Authors: Roberto Kathrine Marie S. , Simangan Ma Lorna Lourdes , Tan-Medina Esther
Published: December 2023

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 infection became a pandemic in the early part of 2020, affecting individuals of all ages. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with COVID-19 are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality. While studies support the use of hemoperfusion (HP) in patients with COVID-19, data on its use in pediatric patients are scarce and conflicting.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with ESKD and moderate-to-severe COVID-19 who underwent hemodialysis with HP in a tertiary subspecialty hospital in Metro Manila.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included all patients with ESKD < 19 years of age admitted at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute from March 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022, on presenting with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Data were collected through a chart review of medical records. Inflammatory markers and chest radiographs were performed at baseline and repeated after 1–4 sessions of HP. Clinical outcomes were determined in terms of discharge, duration of hospital stay, resolution of symptoms, progression of disease severity of COVID-19, and final outcome as death or discharge.

Results:

In eight patients who underwent the combined sessions of hemodialysis and HP, serum levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin insignificantly decreased after 2–3 sessions; the decline in procalcitonin was significant after the second session (P = 0.046). Findings of pneumonia on chest radiography decreased across all sessions. All patients showed clinical resolution of symptoms and were discharged.

Conclusions:

Two to three sessions of hemodialysis and HP appear to be safe in improving the clinical status of patients with ESKD and moderate-to-severe COVID-19. The combined use of these modalities can be a useful adjunct to conventional management after maximizing supportive and medical management.
Recurrent Hematuria Syndrome in a Child: An Unusual Presentation of a Common Disease
Authors: Gurevich Evgenia , Platok Irina , Landau Daniel
Published: December 2023

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a small vessels immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated vasculitis with multiorgan involvement. Kidney involvement (IgAV nephropathy [IgAVN]) occurs in 30%–50% of patients and usually appears at or within 6-month of initial presentation. The converse, with nephritis preceding other manifestations, is rare. We describe a 5.5-year-old boy, who presented with recurrent hematuria syndrome during upper respiratory tract infections. This preceded, by several months, the appearance of a palpable purpuric rash. Skin biopsy confirmed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with predominant IgA deposition. Serum level of complement was normal. Serum creatinine was elevated mildly and transiently during each gross hematuria event. Nephrotic range proteinuria resolved after macrohematuria resolution without residual proteinuria or decreased kidney function 12 months after initial presentation. IgAVN may manifest with isolated recurrent glomerulonephritis preceding purpura. This case emphasizes that children with normocomplementemic recurrent hematuria syndrome should be regularly examined for the possible later appearance of other signs of IgAV.
Septic Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Singhal Jyoti Shribhagwan , Sharma Jyoti
Published: December 2023

The most common predisposing factor of septic pulmonary embolisms is the presence of an infected right atrial thrombus. Rarely, it may occur as a complication of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The usual presentation is with fever, chest pain, and variable degree of dyspnea. The condition warrants prompt removal of the catheter in combination with systemic antibiotics. The most common organism reported to cause septic pulmonary embolism is Staphylococcus aureus followed by streptococcus, and rarely, Gram-negative bacilli. We present a case of septic pulmonary embolism in an adolescent on maintenance hemodialysis through a right internal jugular tunneled cuffed catheter in whom the catheter tip thrombus was associated with CRBSI due to Esherichia
coli.
The Puzzle of Perlman: A Rare Overgrowth Syndrome
Authors: Alshammasi Walaa , Al Qahtani Fakherah , Filimban Yara , Al Sanad Ahlam , Alhumaidi Zainab
Published: December 2023

Perlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by increased body size, specific dysmorphic features, and association with neurodevelopmental disorders, kidney disease, and risk of Wilms tumor. This autosomal recessive syndrome is usually caused by homozygous defects in DIS3
L2. Few cases survive beyond the neonatal period. We present a Saudi male infant who was evaluated for visceromegaly. Antenatal ultrasound revealed an enlarged kidney. Postnatally, the patient required prolonged hospitalization for birth asphyxia. Facial dysmorphism included low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge, tented upper lip, micrognathia, and a high forehead. Follow-up ultrasound indicated bilateral round kidney masses, suggesting Wilms tumor. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous deletion in exon 9 of DIS3
L2. The patient survived the first 2 years of life. Patients with Perlman syndrome require a multidisciplinary approach to long-term management.
Outcomes of Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy Combined with Hemoperfusion among Patients Aged <18 Years Old with Severe Dengue
Authors: Hernandez-Arago Giezebel Diaz , Cruz Rachelle C. Dela
Published: December 2023

Context:

Fluid overload is inevitable in severe dengue shock syndrome despite intensive fluid management.

Aims:

To compare the outcomes of prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) with or without hemoperfusion (HP) in treating severe dengue among patients ≤18 years old.

Settings and Design:

Retrospective cohort study in the hemodialysis unit of a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Methods:

Demographic and clinical data, kidney replacement therapy prescription variables, hemodynamic status, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively for pediatric patients who underwent PIRRT with or without HP for severe dengue. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, whereas secondary outcomes were changes in percent fluid overload, vasopressor index (VI), mean arterial pressure, and vasopressor dependency.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square, Fisher exact, and Student’s t test.

Results:

Among 357 severe dengue patients, 27 underwent PIRRT with (n = 18) or without (n = 9) HP. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics differed significantly only with respect to the degree of fluid overload, time to therapy initiation, proportion with obesity and overweight, and duration of treatment during the first session. There were no significant differences between the two groups in 28-day mortality (PIRRT, n = 7 of 9, vs. PIRRT + HP, n = 10; P = 0.40) or secondary outcomes except an increased VI in PIRRT group (mean 38.2 vs. 12.4; P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

PIRRT combined with HP is feasible in hemodynamically unstable children with severe dengue in a resource-limited setting, but the outcomes of the combination are similar to those with PIRRT alone. Larger prospective studies should examine the efficacy of the combination of PIRRT with HP in terms of the dialysis dose and changes in cytokine levels or other inflammatory markers.
Pleiotropic Benefits with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Clinical Review
Authors: Patange Sonali , Singh Santosh Kumar , Bhattacharyya Supratik , Jagadeesha Aravinda , Bhartia Mithun , Aneja Pankaj , Hendral Anusha , Chaudhuri Soumyabrata Roy
Published: December 2023

In the past few years, newer classes of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been discovered and delivered with significant glucose-lowering effect and weight reduction. Among these are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP 1 RAs), a class with the most promising results. However, inconvenience with the use of these agents is being the injectable route of administration. To address the problem, a GLP-1 RA, semaglutide, has been developed that can be administered orally with similar effects to that of injectable (subcutaneous) preparation in terms of efficacy and safety. This article tends to focus on the pleiotropic benefits of GLP-1RAs, as a class, in the management of diabetes and beyond.
Inferring the Postmortem Interval of Rat Cadaver after Boiling Water Treatment Based on Microbial Community Succession
Authors: Yu Daijing , Zhang Jun , Wang Yaya , Shi Linyu , Li Wanting , Simayijiang Halimureti , Yun Keming , Yan Jiangwei
Published: December 2023

Background:

In forensic investigations, accurate estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is an important task, but also an ongoing challenge. Especially in cases where the cadaver has been specially treated, for example, by boiling, the determination of PMI becomes extremely difficult. Previous studies have shown that the succession of the microbial community after decomposition of the cadaver can be used to infer PMI. However, the feasibility of determining the PMI of boiled cadavers has not yet been demonstrated.

Aims and Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to test whether we can infer PMI of boiled cadavers based on the succession of microbial communities.

Materials and Methods:

SD rats were killed by cervical dislocation. Subsequently, the rat cadavers were divided into the case (boiled cadavers) and control (unboiled cadavers) groups. Rectal samples were collected from the rats for 45 days and at nine time points. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to characterize the microbial community in the rectum.

Results:

The results showed that the composition and relative abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level were significantly different between the case and control groups. The alpha diversity of the microbial community showed a decreasing trend with the decomposition process. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the case and control groups had obvious patterns along the succession of microbial communities. The rectal microbial communities showed a significant linear trend in the time course of decomposition. A random forest model was used to infer PMI. The goodness-of-fit (R2) of the model was 68.00% and 84.00%, and the mean absolute errors were 2.05 and 1.48 days within 45 days of decomposition for the case and control groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that microbial community succession could be a potential method to infer PMI of boiled cadavers.
A Paternity Testing Case Using FFPE Tissue
Authors: Song Jinlong , Liu Guihong , Qu Shengqiu , Liang Weibo
Published: December 2023

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues provide a wealth of pathological information crucial for clinical and forensic examinations. Formalin induces robust complexes between DNA and proteins, impacting DNA extraction and complicating short tandem repeat (STR) typing for personal identification and paternity testing. Here, we present a case of paternity testing involving one FFPE tissue and one blood specimen. We compared four DNA extraction methods and analyzed the obtained products from the most successful approach. To ensure robust statistical support, we used a combination of three STR kits for the analysis. This case demonstrates the viability of using multiple kits in tandem for STR profiling of FFPE tissues.
Specific Issues of Criminal Protection in the Field of Genetics: International and Spanish Experience
Authors: Shestak Viktor Anatolievich , Tsyplakova Alyona Dmitrievna
Published: December 2023

Background:

Methods for combining cloning techniques with genetic engineering techniques (gene manipulation) are currently being developed in order to enhance predetermined biological or mental characteristics. Admissibility of conducting research on human embryos is justified by the fact that it will help to improve the human species and free it from serious diseases. However, two competing rights stand in the way of legality of this practice. On the one hand, the right of a human embryo to development and life. On the other hand, the right of mankind to use all scientific means to fight more effectively against diseases and to receive organs and tissues for transplantation to improve the quality of life. Some researchers believe that human life, if regarded as a moral value, cannot be absolute.

Aims and Objectives:

This paper examines the relevant legislation on both international and national levels and the Spanish doctrine in terms of defining acts against genetics and evaluating effectiveness to criminalize them in order to ensure the balance between medical ethics and community best interests.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a description paper on gene-manipulation regulation in Spain, the EU and worldwide. It is based primarily on genetic, systematic-functional and systematization methods with regard to special legal ones.

Results and Conclusion:

There is a wide of international, supranational and national acts that governs gene manipulation and secures society from illegal actions. Still, there are vague issues to revise either by enacting amendments or referencing to doctrine. The perfect way to ensure community interests is to elaborate both.
Optimized Recovery of DNA and Subsequent Short Tandem Repeat Profiling of Different Tissues Sampled from Embalmed Human Cadavers
Authors: Afrifah Kofi Adjapong , Badu-Boateng Alexander , Antwi-Akomeah Samuel , Owusu-Afriyie Osei , Yankey Mishael
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing, embalming for burial purposes, and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin embedding. Current knowledge in molecular biology techniques and forensic DNA analysis makes it possible to optimize the extraction of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by improving the pre-treatment, optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase K, simplifying the extraction protocol and purifying the extracted DNA with optimized volumes of alcohol.

Aim:

This research sought to extract amplifiable DNA from thirteen brain, bone marrow and cartilage samples from four formalin embalmed human cadavers.

Materials and Methods:

Brain, cartilage and bone marrow samples were taken from four different cadavers at autopsy at the Ghana Police Hospital mortuary in Accra, Ghana sixty-two days after embalming. An optimized preparation and DNA extraction protocol was carried out on all the samples. Brain samples were also taken from a non-formalin treated fifth cadaver of known STR profile, and standard DNA extraction performed to serve as positive control.

Results:

Our optimized protocol yielded detectable quantities of DNA from the samples when quantified with the 7500 Real-Time PCR equipment. The extracted DNA also yielded full STR profiles with varying peak heights for forensic identification purposes. The measured degradation indexes of the DNA samples were greater than 1.0, with peak heights of generated STR profiles above the limits of detection of the 3500 genetic analyzer.

Conclusion:

Our current study demonstrated an optimized method of DNA extraction from tissues (brain, cartilage and bone marrow) sampled from formalin embalmed human cadavers. The optimized protocol reduced the concentration of formalin fixation residues in extracted DNA from formalin-fixed tissues, thereby improving the amplification efficiency for STR profiling. Brain, bone marrow and cartilages can be a good source of DNA from embalmed and degraded human remains, though for skeletonized human remains together with teeth and long bones.
Genetic Polymorphism and Relationship Analyses of Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise Groups Based on 19 Short Tandem Repeat Loci
Authors: Mei Shuyan , Yang Jinlong , Li Jianping , Xiong Xin , Wang Menglei , Zhao Zhichao , Guo Yuxin , Deng Yajun
Published: December 2023

Context:

As the increasing number of pet canines, the identification of canine has attracted much attentions in the forensic field, however, the genetic diversities of pet canines still remained unknown.

Aims:

To explore genetic polymorphisms of 19 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and genetic relationships between the two studied canine groups and reference group.

Subjects and Methods:

In the present study, genetic polymorphisms of 19 STR loci and a sex-linked zinc finger locus were analyzed in a total of 594 canines in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups from China.

Results:

A total of 166, 159 alleles were observed in the Standard Poodle, Bichon Frise groups with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0030–0.6108 to 0.0012–0.6148, respectively. The combined discrimination power and probability of exclusion of 19 STR loci in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups were 0.9999999999999497, 0.999962884; and 0.99999999999999995, 0.999965955, respectively. Furthermore, the genetic distances between the two canine groups and Labrador retriever group were calculated, and the results indicated that Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups showed a closer genetic relationship, while the two canine groups had distant genetic relationships with Labrador retriever group. The result of population genetic structure revealed that genetic component distributions in the three canine groups were different. The predicted accuracies of the constructed random forest prediction model for three validation sets (25% individuals randomly selected from three populations with 808 individuals) were higher than 0.9, especially for the individuals in validation set from the Bichon Frise group is 1.

Conclusions:

The 19 STR loci could be used for individual identification, canine breed identification and paternity testing in the two canine groups.
Artificial intelligence in oral medicine and oral radiology
Authors: Kale Isha P. , Mhapuskar Amit A. , Jhawar Muskan , Hiremutt Darshan R. Prasad
Published: December 2023

Background:

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has computational models that can learn from the data handed to them. The branch of oral medicine and radiology deals with diagnosis, treatment planning, and radiographic interpretation. The application of AI in this field has given a new perspective to this branch of dentistry.

Aim:

The current review article was carried out to discuss the applications of AI in the branches of oral medicine and radiology.

Methods:

Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords “artificial intelligence,” “oral medicine,” “oral radiology,” “recent advancements,” and “dental applications.”

Results:

Forty articles were studied and analyzed critically for this review.

Conclusions:

The implementation of AI in oral medicine and radiology has helped revolutionize the standard, worth, and extent of interpretation thus elevating radiology’s contribution to diagnosis and the general health of the population at large.
Optimized regression model for microhardness of experimental dental composite resins with nano-hydroxyapatite filler particles
Authors: Mirajkar Chaitali Keshav , Winnier Jasmin , Hambire Umesh
Published: December 2023

Background:

Bioactive materials produce a biological reaction such as stimulation of pulpal cells for dentinal repair and induction of the formation of hydroxyapatite.

Aim:

The study was conducted to evaluate the microhardness of experimental dental composite resins (EDCR) containing nano-hydroxyapatite, zirconia, and glass filler particles.

Materials and Methods:

The EDCR was prepared with varying concentrations of barium aluminum fluoride glass (5–20 nm), zirconia (4–11 nm), and hydroxyapatite (20–80 nm) filler particles added to the organic matrix. The L9 orthogonal array was used to prepare a sample size of 27 samples. Disc-shaped specimens of 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness were prepared using the American Society for Testing and Materials E384 standard for testing the microhardness. The Taguchi’s method of optimization was used to obtain a composite with optimum microhardness. A regression model was developed.

Results:

EDCR with 23.7% of zirconia, 27.5% of nano-hydroxyapatite, and 20% of glass filler particles gave the optimum microhardness of 222.67 HV. The confirmatory experimental test of EDCR gave a microhardness of 225 HV. The model developed with regression equation for the microhardness was 60–123 Z + 114 H + 17.8 G + 2.48 ZH − 0.02 HG + 0.97 Z2 − 3.40 H2. The difference between the R
2 (99.9) and adjusted R
2 values (99.4) is <0.5, this shows that the model is acceptable.

Conclusion:

The EDCR developed after using Taguchi’s method of optimization had microhardness superior to that of the commercially available composite resins.
In vitro anticariogenic activity of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf against Streptococcus oralis – A dormant pathogen for dental caries
Authors: Keerthi K. U. , Dinesh M. D. , Suji S. , Anagha K. P. , Anju K. V. , Vismaya R.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Dental caries is a complicated, multifaceted illness that affects teeth and leads to serious cavities both inside and outside the teeth.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the efficacy of Psidium guajava leaf extract against Streptococcus oralis.

Materials and Methods:

P. guajava leaves were extracted in water using the Soxhlet technique, and to identify the existence of several beneficial substances, phytochemical screening was carried out. The inhibitory properties of the aqueous extract were tested against S. oralis. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the liquid dilution method, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by the agar plate method.

Results:

Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals by standard methods showed the presence of various bioactive compounds. Using the well diffusion method, it has been determined that P. guajava leaf extract has antibacterial activity against S. oralis. The determination of the MIC and MBC showed that the extract exhibited an antimicrobial effect against cariogenic bacteria.

Conclusion:

P. guajava leaf extract contains bioactive compounds that have a significant impact on the avoidance of dental cariogens. P. guajava leaf extract is effective against S. oralis.
Concurrent incidence of noma and necrotizing fasciitis in a male child: A rare clinical case report from a referral hospital in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Bello Abubakar Abdullahi , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh
Published: December 2023

Rationale:

Noma and necrotizing fasciitis are rapidly destructive gangrenous infections with different patterns of spread. This study aimed to present a case of concurrently occurring noma and necrotizing fascitis in a 3-year-old child.

Patient Concern:

A 3-year-old child with a low socioeconomic background presented with a main complaint of a painful wound on the gum, upper lip, and chest region.

Diagnosis:

Thorough history and examination revealed simultaneously occurring noma lesion extending from the inner labial mucosa to the upper lip and NF on the chest region on background anemia and malnutrition.

Intervention:

The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics, serial wound debridement, and supportive therapy.

Outcome:

The length of hospital stay was 6 weeks and there was uneventful healing. The patient is being followed up for complete resolution.

Lessons:

In this study, noma and NF were found to occur concurrently in a patient with malnutrition and anemia and Klebsiella species were the isolates in both wounds and could have been the common causative agent for both.
Center of resistance assessment of upper lateral incisors with different dentoalveolar bone height and crown–root ratio: A finite element method study
Authors: Vaishy Shivani , Biyani Shruti S. , Swami Vinit D. , Swami Vasanthi V. , Bhosale Veera
Published: December 2023

Background:

In orthodontics, the type of tooth displacement is very important for determining the best way to apply force and how the teeth will move as a result. The link between a tooth’s center of resistance (CRest) and the force’s line of action is crucial for effective orthodontic tooth movement. To regulate tooth displacement patterns, translation, or tilting, the CRest has been a crucial point of reference. Changes in bone support brought on by dentoalveolar bone loss cause a shift in CRest. To provide the same movement in a tooth with bone loss as in a tooth with a healthy-supporting structure, modification to the applied force system is demanded.

Aim:

The study aimed to assess the CRest of upper lateral incisor with varying dentoalveolar bone heights and crown–root ratio, with a finite element method.

Materials and Methods:

Eight three-dimensional finite element models of upper lateral incisors of varying dentoalveolar bone height and root resorption were developed, and a force of 1N was applied labiolingually. The CRest is derived by altering the moment/force ratio to produce the translation by the following formula: moment = Force × distance.

Results:

The CRest changes more coronally as apical root resorption rises and more apically as bone loss progresses. Moment/force ratio required to produce bodily movement increases in association with dentoalveolar bone loss and decreases with root resorption.

Conclusion:

To maintain physiologically acceptable movements with the least amount of harm to the supporting tissues, applied force and moment magnitudes must be adjusted in response to dentoalveolar bone loss and altered crown–root ratio.
Assessing impacted third molars: Cellular activity in dental follicles and dentigerous cysts
Authors: Aggarwal Dipanshu , Chandra Arushi , Gupta Sakshi , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Dentigerous cysts are among the most prevalent odontogenic cysts associated with impacted teeth, particularly impacted third molars. Understanding the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and factors contributing to cyst formation is essential.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and the factors associated with dentigerous cyst formation.

Materials and Methods:

The study analyzed a total of 30 cases, which were categorized into two subgroups: 16 cases of dental follicles and 14 cases of dentigerous cysts. Retrospective data were collected from the departmental archive, and demographic data along with clinical parameters were correlated. In addition, the Ki-67 index was assessed through immunohistochemical analysis for both study groups.

Results:

A clinical correlation between impacted teeth along with Ki-67 index in both dental follicles and dentigerous cysts was observed.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, it is hypothesized that prophylactic extraction of impacted third molars should be mandatory, irrespective of their symptomatic or asymptomatic status.
Evaluating the knowledge and perception of electronic health records and computer-based patient maintenance among dental professionals
Authors: Sultan Amina , Sengar Poonam , Juneja Akanksha , Karim Bushra Ahmad , Sharma Anuradha
Published: December 2023

Background:

Electronic health records (EHRs), considered one of the crucial advances in technological health-care delivery, have made medical details easier to procure from anywhere. It has a distinct edge over paper records, and medical literature also reveals that implementing EHRs is instrumental in refining the documentation quality. With this study, we understand its utility and prevalence in the current scenario.

Aim:

The current study investigated the knowledge and perception of EHR sand computer-based patient maintenance among Indian dentists. We also highlighted the current state of EHR in India while discussing the financial and legal barriers.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was done to assess the awareness and perception of EHRs among randomly selected dentists practicing in India. The questionnaire with three sections and 33 questions was distributed through Google Forms through E-mail to contacts and promoted on social media among various dental community groups.

Results:

We found that majorly private practices (30.4%) and multispecialty dental colleges (39%) opted for electronic dental records (EDRs). Largely, Indian dentists were utilizing hybrid formats which depicted their inclination to evolve with the everyday-upgrading digital dentistry. However, 47.5% of practitioners still fear their use due to the risk of data loss.

Conclusions:

The increasing prevalence of EDRs is a promise toward an absolute diagnosis, preventing medical errors with their availability at the point of care, reducing repetitive laboratory tests, and consequently the financial burden on patients.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate - A case series
Authors: Parvathi S. , Asokan G. S. , Namachivayam Narmatha
Published: December 2023

Rationale and Patient Concerns:

This article highlights the case report of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the palate in a 37-year-old female patient and a 34-year-old male patient.

Diagnosis and Investigations:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography scan were performed to arrive at diagnosis.

Interventions:

Surgical excision was the most effective treatment plan. These tumors are mostly painless and are more common in the parotid gland, followed by the palate in case of minor salivary gland involvement. The tongue, tonsil, pharynx, floor of the mouth, lip, buccal mucosa, and retromolar region are other intraoral locations for this tumor.

Lessons:

PA is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for about 40%–70% of all major and minor salivary gland tumors. Palatal swellings are the most common complaints of patients; however, PA of the palate is a rare diagnosis. PA, also known as a benign mixed tumor, generally occurs in the parotid salivary gland and rarely in the minor salivary gland.
Dental practitioners’ knowledge and perception of root canal treatment in abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures – A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Chockalingam Nagappan , Jessica P. , Kamaliprabha R. , Sethi M. Malavica
Published: December 2023

Background:

During fixed prosthodontic operations, the pulp is frequently subjected to mechanical and thermal strain. The level of pulpal and thermal injury is determined by parameters such as the amount of residual dentin, the heat generated, and the permeability of the dentinal tubules. Nevertheless, there is no accurate technique to gauge the pulpal response and the effectiveness of the treatment, the heat generated, and the permeability of the dentinal tubules.

Aim:

The survey intends to evaluate dentists’ perceptions and understanding of the necessity of preventative endodontic therapy for fixed partial dentures (FPD) in abutment teeth.

Setting and Design:

Questionnaire-based survey.

Methodology:

Four hundred people in Tamil Nadu who were among 453 dental professionals, undergrads, and postgraduates responded to an observational study.

Analytical Statistics:

Multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics were both employed.

Results:

This survey sheds light on the clinical outcomes that lessen the likelihood of biological failure in FPD patients. Regarding biological failures in abutment teeth for FPDs, among dentists, 21.9% did not experience even one case, 85.6% experienced <5 out of 10 instances, and 11.4% experienced >5 out of 10 cases. Of 400 participants, 52.31% correctly identified deliberate endodontic treatment in abutment teeth for FPDs, while 47.69% gave incorrect responses.

Conclusion:

Among 400 participants 52.31% have correctly identified deliberate endodontic treatment in abutment teeth for FPDs. 47.69% have given incorrect responses. The survey tried to cover every aspect that should be considered when scheduling elective root canal operations.
On a reverse Kohler-Jobin inequality
Authors: Briani Luca , Buttazzo Giuseppe , Guarino Lo Bianco Serena
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider the shape optimization problems for the quantities

\lambda(\Omega)T^q(\Omega)

, where

\Omega

varies among open sets of

\mathbb{R}^d

with a prescribed Lebesgue measure. While the characterization of the infimum is completely clear, the same does not happen for the maximization in the case

q>1

. We prove that for

q

large enough a maximizing domain exists among quasi-open sets and that the ball is optimal among
nearly spherical domains
.In this paper, we consider the shape optimization problems for the quantities

\lambda(\Omega)T^q(\Omega)

, where

\Omega

varies among open sets of

\mathbb{R}^d

with a prescribed Lebesgue measure. While the characterization of the infimum is completely clear, the same does not happen for the maximization in the case

q>1

. We prove that for

q

large enough a maximizing domain exists among quasi-open sets and that the ball is optimal among
nearly spherical domains
.