bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS LAJU DEFORMASI PAHAT HSS PADA SIMULASI PEMBUBUTAN MESIN CNC DENGAN APLIKASI ANSYS
Authors: Widodo Yakobus Rhio , Golwa Gian Villany
Published: January 2024

The demand to improve quality and productivity in the manufacturing industry underlies the analysis of tool deformation rates in the turning process. The methods used previously are considered inaccurate, and the provided information is incomplete. Therefore, detailed and accurate simulations are needed to determine deformation and strain values in HSS chisels. This study aims to obtain deformation and strain values on high speed steel (HSS) chisels in the process of turning ST42 steel workpieces using the finite element methods (FEM) method. The analysis was carried out using the ANSYS explicit dynamics application. This application aims to simulate complex physical phenomena by entering predetermined parameters, including diameter, spindle rotation, and workpiece and tool properties. HSS chisels are used in this simulation with ST42 steel workpieces. The variables in this study were the workpiece diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, with the same length of 200 mm. From the simulation results, it is evident that the maximum deformation value of the HSS tool on a diameter of 30 mm workpiece is 205.04 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. On a diameter of 40 mm workpiece, it is 205.19 µm at the same time step, and for a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the tool deformation is 205.23 µm at the same time step. Additionally, the strain value on the HSS chisel with a workpiece diameter of 30 mm is 0.689 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. For a workpiece with a diameter of 40 mm, the strain is 0.783 µm at a time step of 1.0011 x 10-4 seconds, and on a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the final strain on the tool is 0.866 µm at a time step of 1.0 x10-4 seconds.
Doktor Abdülhak Adnan Adıvar’ın Tıp Eğitimi Dönemi [1899-1910] ve II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’ndeki Hekimlik Faaliyetleri [1909-1919]
Authors: ADA Turhan
Published: January 2024

Dr. Adnan Bey, hekimlik mesleğini pozitif bilimlere duyduğu ilgi nedeniyle tercih etmiştir. Bu maksatla seçtiği Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Mülkiye’de aldığı eğitimi yetersiz bulduğu için lisans (1899-1905) ve ihtisas (1905-1909) dönemlerine tekabül eden yıllarda Berlin’e kaçmış, Berlin Tıp Fakültesi Dahiliye Kliniği profesörlerinden Friedrich Krauss ile çalışmıştır. Pozitivist Alman kültüründen önemli oranda etkilendiği bu süreçte, eğitim sürecinin zarar görmesinden endişe ederek, sempati duyduğu kaçak Jön Türklerle arasına mesafe koyduğu görülmektedir. Dr. Adnan Bey, II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanından (23 Temmuz 1908) sonra ihtisas eğitimine ara vererek İstanbul’a dönmüştür. Mesleki yaşamı Jön Türklerin inisiyatif kazandığı II. Meşrûtiyet’in ilk yıllarından I. Dünya Savaşı’nın (1914-1918) sonuna kadar sürmüştür. Bu dönemde, Jön Türklere yakınlığı nedeniyle idârî görevler üstlenmiş, bilimsel kazanımlarını eğitim sürecine aktarmıştır. Sözü edilen süreçte Trablusgarp Savaşı’nda (1911-1912) fiilen vazife yaptığı gibi, bazı resmi ve özel sağlık kurumlarında da çalışmıştır.
Tabanoğlu Hoca İsmail Şükrü (Çelikalay) Efendi [1876-1950]
Authors: SARISAMAN Sadık , ÇAKMAK Biray
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmada geç dönem Osmanlı Devleti’nde Karahisarısahip’te müderrislik, Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan müdürlüğü, müdür yardımcılığı yapmış, Birinci Dönem Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde Karahisarısahip mebusluğu görevinde bulunmuş olan İsmail Şükrü Efendi ele alınmıştır. İsmail Şükrü Efendi rüştiye mezunu olup aldığı özel derslerle kendisini geliştirmiştir. Eğitim faaliyetlerinin öneminin bilincinde olduğu için 1909 yılında Karahisarısahip Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyanı’nın kuruluşuna öncülük etmiştir. Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan’da ve Karahisarısahip Medresesi’nde fahri müdürlük ve muallimlik görevlerinde bulunmuştur.

30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi’ni müteakip başlayan işgallere karşı Afyonkarahisar’da milli uyanışın öncülerinden olmuştur. Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti’nde ve Kuva-yı Milliye teşkilatında görev yapmıştır. Birinci Dönem Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde mebus iken Çelikalay’ı kurmuş ve işgallere karşı mücadele etmiştir. Saltanatın kaldırılması üzerine kaleme aldığı “Hilafet-i İslamiye ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi” adlı risalesinde halifeyi devlet başkanı olarak takdim ettiği için Ankara Hükümeti’nin tepkisini çekmiştir. Bu yüzden iktidar çevrelerinde gözden düşmüş, bundan sonra kendisine devlet görevleri tevdi edilmemiştir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete geçiş aşamasında önemli rol oynayan bir din adamı olan İsmail Şükrü (Çelikalay) Efendi’yi ve faaliyetlerini objektif bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada arşiv kaynakları, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanakları başta olmak üzere dönemin gazetelerinden, hatıralardan ve ilgili diğer kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır.
Determinação da resistência e rigidez de concreto após simulação de incêndio através de modelos de regressão múltiplos entre propagação de ondas e temperatura
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Rogerio Cerqueira da Silva , Gomes Yara Balbino
Published: January 2024

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento dos parâmetros físicos, mecânicos e elásticos de concretos confeccionados com diferente relação água/cimento, submetidos a diferentes patamares de temperaturas, através da propagação de ondas ultrassônicas. Após exposição a elevadas temperaturas, amostras de concretos cilíndricas e prismáticas foram submetidas ao resfriamento tipo lento e brusco, demonstrando a influência do tipo de resfriamento na resistência à compressão, módulo de elasticidade, perda de massa e velocidade de propagação de ondas. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de regressão múltiplos estatisticamente significativos, ao nível de 95% de confiança, como preditores de resistência e rigidez do concreto, através das velocidades obtidas pelo ensaio de ultrassom, permitindo realizar o monitoramento e a verificação da integridade de estruturas após situações de incêndio.
Efecto de las nanoadiciones carbonosas en las funciones de percepción de la deformación y calefacción en pastas cementicias
Authors: Del Moral Delgado Beatriz , Farcas Catalina , Galao Oscar , Baeza F. Javier , Zornoza Emilio , Garcés Terradillos Pedro
Published: January 2024

En esta investigación se ha estudiado el uso de nanoadiciones conductoras, como los nanotubos de carbono (NTC) y productos de grafito (PG), en probetas de cemento para desarrollar las funciones de percepción de la deformación y calefacción. Para ello, se han fabricado probetas de pasta de cemento con adición de 1% NTC y 5% PG y se han realizado ensayos de calefacción en corriente continua (DC) y alterna (AC) a 20 V y 40 V. Además, se ha estudiado la influencia de la temperatura en los ensayos de percepción de la deformación en rangos comprendidos entre 0 °C y 60 °C, obteniéndose buenos resultados en ambas técnicas. Por tanto, estos materiales ofrecen una alternativa muy interesante en la monitorización estructural y pueden tener aplicaciones en la calefacción de infraestructuras como puentes y aeropuertos, evitando el uso de sustancias corrosivas.
Experiences and Effect of Implementing Social Health Insurance Program in Nepal- A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Bharati Rajani , Romero Diana , Pozen Alexis , Sherry James , Paudel Bhuwan , Adhikari Mukesh , Acharya Prakash
Published: January 2024

Background
Nepal initiated the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in 2016, but the enrollment rate is low, with an increasing dropout rate. This study examined the experience from the demand and supply side (service providers) with NHIP and its effect on insurance enrollment and health service utilization.
Methods
We employed a mixed-method design. Ethnography was used to explore rich holistic insights into people’s views and actions. We conducted 14 focus group discussions and 20 key informant interviews in Nepal's Kailali and Baglung districts. Field note-taking and non-participatory observations were used to recalibrate data collection tools. We employed the difference-in-difference (DID) estimation using Nepal's District Health Information System (DHIS-2) data.
Results
We identified a complex interconnection between demand- and supply-side factors that influence the enrollment and renewal of the insurance program, as well as health-seeking behavior. The quality of health services played a pivotal role. Other contributing factors included a lack of awareness, limited geographical accessibility to health facilities, household income, perceived risk of getting an illness, and the perceived usefulness of health insurance programs. Conversely, the quality of services was contingent upon several challenges, such as increased patient flow and administrative burden without proportional resource growth, motivation of health service providers and enrollment assistants, difficulty in claims processing, reimbursement delays, cumbersome medicine procurement process, and insufficient information about the insurance program. Our quantitative analysis demonstrated an approximate increase of 9 and 32 client visits per day in Primary Health Care Centers and hospitals, respectively, with an enrollment of about 5%.
Conclusion
The effectiveness of the health insurance program inherently relies on the quality of health services. Regardless, there was an increase in patient flow in the health facilities under the insurance program, which warrants a concomitant increase in resources for these facilities. There should be coordinated efforts to improve the quality of health service delivery along with the insurance program.
Severe central nervous system injury in children caused by COVID-19
Authors: zhang Peipei , xin Meiyun , bai Yingge , ren Xueyun , Li Na
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of severe central nervous system (CNS) injury in children caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Method
We retrospectively studied confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 complicated with CNS injury.
Results
Nine patients diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated with severe CNS injury were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining University from December 1, 2022 to January 12, 2023. Of the nine patients, seven were male (77.78%). Five children were aged ≥ 10 years, and the others were 1–2 years old. All children had fever, eight had convulsions, seven had progressed to multiple organ failure, and all suffered varying degrees of coma. Most of the children had elevated interleukin-6 (100%), lactic acid (100%), alanine transaminase (87.5%), aspartate transaminase (87.5%), creatine kinase MB (87.5%), and lactate dehydrogenase (85.7%) levels. Four children had cerebrospinal fluid protein-cell separation. The cranial imaging results of five children were abnormal. One child had lost his vital signs when admitted to hospital, and the remaining eight received hormonal shock, human immunoglobulin transfusion, anti-infection, cranial pressure reduction, and mechanical ventilation treatments, among others, during hospitalization. Ultimately, eight children died, and the remaining child has serious neurological sequelae and is undergoing rehabilitation.
Conclusions
Severe CNS injury caused by COVID-19 has an acute onset, rapid progression, high disability rate, and high fatality rate. A low cerebrospinal fluid protein level may be a protective factor for children with severe nervous system injury caused by COVID-19.
Effect and optimization of triangular textures on lubrication performance of the thrust bearing
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Shi Guangqiang , Jiang Hui , Lan ZhiYuan , Lin Yanlong
Published: January 2024

To enhance the loading capacity of the oil film and reduce its temperature, this article establishes a thrust bearing model with a triangular texture based on the modified Reynolds equation. The focus is on investigating the influence of texture parameters on both the temperature and pressure fields of the oil film. For the purpose of determining the parameter combination under the best lubrication performance, the improved multi-objective dragonfly algorithm (MODA) based on BP neural network is employed to optimize the temperature and loading capacity of oil film. The investigation revealed that the optimal lubrication performance is achieved with a texture width of approximately 0.23 mm, a texture depth of 0.5 mm, a texture number of 32 and a texture spacing of 5 mm. Under these conditions, when compared with a thrust bearing without texture, the textured thrust bearing increases its loading capacity by approximately 29% and reduces temperature by approximately 1.75 ºC.
The stuck haemodialysis catheter – a case report of a rare but dreaded complication following kidney transplantation
Authors: Burnett Cameron Thomas , Chandler Shaun , Jegatheesan Dev , Pearch Benjamin , Viecelli Andrea , Mudge David
Published: January 2024

Background
Tunnelled cuffed haemodialysis catheters are at increased risk of incarceration, or ‘stuck’, via fibrotic adhesion to the central veins when left in situ for prolonged periods of time. Stuck catheters cannot be removed using standard techniques such as bedside dissection of the cuff. There are no published guidelines for this situation, and whilst several strategies have been published there is no consensus on the best approach. Here we present the first case of a stuck haemodialysis catheter in the acute post transplantation period.
Case Presentation:
A 66-year-old female on haemodialysis presented for kidney transplantation with a tunnelled-cuffed haemodialysis catheter in situ for five years. Following transplantation, removal of the line was unsuccessful despite dissection of the cuff, with traction causing a choking sensation with tracheal movement. Eventually, the line was removed without complications utilising sequential balloon dilatation in interventional radiology and the patient was discharged without complications.
Conclusions
This case serves as a timely reminder of the risks of long-term tunnelled haemodialysis catheters and as a caution towards proceeding with kidney transplantation in those with long-term haemodialysis catheters in situ. Greater nephrologist awareness of interventional radiology techniques for this challenging situation will help to avoid more invasive strategies.
Effect of the mass vaccination duration on the spread of COVID-19 evaluated by a flexible compartment model
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo
Published: January 2024

For COVID-19, infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic, and when they become recovered individuals who have immunity, they return to the community. With an increase in the number of recovered individuals in the community, the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals decreases, resulting in a decrease in the number of infected individuals. Vaccination causes not only a decrease in the number of susceptible individuals in the community but also a reduction in the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals with an increase in the number of vaccinated individuals, as do the recovered individuals. From the viewpoint of herd immunity, the vaccination duration, which is the period between the start and the end of mass vaccination, must be examined because the number of vaccinated individuals actually increases gradually daily according to vaccination programs, and the total number of vaccinated individuals depends on the mass vaccination duration, controlling the spread of COVID-19. How long should we continue mass vaccination to contain the COVID-19 pandemic from a physical viewpoint? The number of infected individuals by different mass vaccination durations was calculated by a flexible compartment model specific to COVID-19. The model contains the vaccination rate as an independent variable in the calculation equations and, as the dependent variable, the number of isolated/recovered individuals and the population excluding the individuals kept in isolation, both of which affect the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals. The effect of the mass vaccination duration can be evaluated by comparing the total number of infected individuals among the cases with different mass vaccination durations for the cases with different start dates of vaccination, with different vaccination rates and with different symptomatic rates. The results show that since the contact rate decreases with an increase in the number of vaccinated individuals, the earlier the start date of vaccination is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes, and the longer the mass vaccination duration is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes. The results also showed that when vaccination is continued until the day when the sum of the number of recovered individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals exceeds an ‘expedient herd immunity threshold’, the total number of infected individuals is significantly reduced, and the duration of infection is also markedly shortened, as expected for the case with a sufficient mass vaccination duration.
Blood Absolute Monocyte Count Trends in Preterm Infant with Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis, an Adjunct Tool for Diagnosis?
Authors: Meghan Meghan , Mikhael Michel , Shafer Grant , Holmes W. Nathan , Eghbal Azam , Morphew Tricia , Sayrs Lois
Published: January 2024

Objective
We investigated the trends of blood absolute monocyte count (AMC) over 72 hours after suspecting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Study Design
A single center, retrospective study, the AMC was plotted over 72 hours after NEC evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed change in AMC to identify absence of NEC and different NEC stages.
Results
In 130 infants, the AMC decreased in patients with NEC stage 2 or 3. Stages 2 and 3 NEC experienced a drop in AMC compared to an increase in no NEC, Stage 1, or positive culture (p<0.05). AMC increase 24% or less can differentiate NEC stage 2/3 from stage 1 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78. There wasn’t statistical difference between any NEC and no NEC (AUC, 0.57).
Discussion/Conclusions
A decrease in AMC can be an adjunct biomarker to identify NEC stage 2 and 3, when compared to no NEC/stage 1.
Enhancing Joint Performance in Friction Stir Welding through Tailored Double-Butt-Lap Geometry
Authors: Acharya Uttam , Choudhury Smrity , Akinlabi Esther , Roy Barnik Saha
Published: January 2024

The study investigates the effectiveness of a novel joint configuration, the double-butt-lap (DBL), in friction stir welding (FSW) to join 6 mm thick AA 6061-T6 plates. Four welds, including a simple square butt (SSB) configuration and three DBL variations (with UB:LB ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), were executed. Using consistent parameters, the investigation evaluates the force distribution, macrostructure, and mechanical properties of the joints. Results show varied force profiles; spindle torque and Z-force decrease notably in DBL configurations compared to SSB, while X-force decreases overall for all DBL variations. Macrostructural analysis indicates increased weld area and finer microstructures in DBL joints. A correlation between peak temperature, grain size, and hardness highlights larger grain sizes at higher temperatures, influencing joint hardness. The DBL configuration with a 2:1 ratio exhibits the highest joint efficiency (83.76%). Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure in all samples. Bend testing reveals increased flexural strength and bend angles in two DBL-configured joints compared to SSB. The results indicate that using a 2:1 ratio for joining 6 mm AA6061-T6 plates through FSW is viable, providing valuable insights into enhancing mechanical properties by optimizing joint geometry.
Alley Form Impacts on Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Villages in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Qin Shiqiang , Meng Qinglin , Li Qiong
Published: January 2024

After a long history accumulation in villages in the Pearl River Delta of China, typical village alleys have adapted well to the local hot–humid climate. Studying the impact of their forms and shading strategies is valuable for planning and designing villages, as the literature typically focus on urban settings. In this study, four different forms of alleys were selected in Huangwu Village, located in the Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, as representative of summer microclimate measurements: common alleys, alleys with different shading facilities, and alleys with various surrounding building heights. After the simplified simulation model was verified in ENVI-met software, two sets of parameter-based models were created for the simulation by changing the aspect ratio (H/W), orientation of alleys, width of shading facilities, and height of surrounding buildings. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was adopted to evaluate the simulation results and summarize the impacts and favorable ranges of different changes in pedestrian thermal comfort. The results indicate the following. (a) When H/W was lower than 1.5, the PET intensity of pedestrians in the alleys increased significantly. (b) In village alleys, orientation significantly influenced the thermal comfort of pedestrians. (c) In alleys with shading facilities, a shading width of 1 m was the best option. When H/W gradually increased, pedestrians in the alleys gradually lost the protection of the shading facilities against thermal stress. (d) With increasing height of the surrounding buildings, thermal comfort in the alleys became increasingly insensitive to changes in H/W.
Accurate automatic measurement of spinopelvic parameters with a one-stage deep learning technique
Authors: Meng Xianglong , Liu Jianhua , feng zihe , Sun Yu , Zhao Zhiheng , Bai Zhiqiang , Hai Yong
Published: January 2024

Background: The current method of measuring parameters in spinal imaging manually is time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies. This study proposed and validated a novel method to automate the measurement of pelvic parameters using a one-stage deep learning (DL) model.
Methods: Spinopelvic parameters, including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT), were measured from full body radiographs of patients by three evaluators and by using our proposed method. Our proposed one-stage DL model was based on keypoint localisation. Landmark localisation error was used to evaluate the performance of landmark localisation. To evaluate the agreement between our method and the human evaluators, the analysis of average error, standard deviation, and intra- and inter-evaluator reliability was conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (R).
Results:The method achieved excellent measurement performance for spinopelvic parameters. The distribution of the landmark localisation errors was within a reasonable range (median error, 2.28–4.01 mm). ICC values for the assessment of the intra- (range: 0.941–0.996) and inter-evaluator (0.994–0.998) reliability of human evaluators were excellent. The method was able to determine spinopelvic parameters with excellent ICC values (0.919-0.997) and R value (R >0.899, p<0.001, all). Meanwhile, the detection speed of the algorithm was approximately 30 times faster than that of manual measurements of spinopelvic parameters.
Conclusions:This one-step automated measurement method is less time-consuming and has excellent reliability and agreement with human evaluators.
Construction of Prediction Model of Early Glottic Cancer Based on machine learning
Authors: Zhao Wang , Zhi Jing-tai , Zheng Haowei , Du Jianqun , Wei Mei , Lin Peng , Li Li , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

Objective To explore the clinical applicability of the diagnosis of early glottic cancer based on machine learning (ML) combined with narrow-band imaging (NBI).
Methods Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore clinical and laryngoscopic features that could potentially predict early glottic cancer. Afterward, three classical ML methods, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine（SVM), and decision tree (DT), were combined with NBI endoscopic images to identify risk factors related to glottic cancer and to construct and compare the predictive models. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a test group. In the training set, RF, DT, and SVM were used to construct a predictive model to distinguish between benign and malignant laryngeal lesions, and the test set was used to evaluate the predictive value of the model.
Results According to the comparative modelling results, the RF‑based model was found to predict more accurately than other methods and have a significant predominance over others.The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 index, and AUC value of the RF model were 0.96, 0.0.90, 1.00, 0.95. The ROC curve analysis results (overall accuracy) indicate the RF model (AUC = 0.97) had the highest score among others.
Conclusion RF, DT, and SVM were used to construct a predictive model for early glottic cancer, and the RF model outperformed the other models.
Sex disparity, prediagnosis lifestyle factors, and long-term survival of gastric cancer: A multi-center cohort study from China
Authors: Luan Xiaoyi , Zhao Lulu , Zhang Fan , Wang Wanqing , Jiao Fuzhi , Zhou Xiadong , Niu Penghui , Han Xue , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Dongbing , He Mingyan , Guan Quanlin , Li Yumin , Chen Yingtai
Published: January 2024

Background This multi-center cohort study aimed to investigate whether sex and prediagnosis lifestyle affect the prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Patients with gastric cancer were from four gastric cancer cohorts of the National Cancer Center of China, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, and Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital. Prediagnosis lifestyle factors in our study included body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, usual BMI, weight loss, the history of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and the status of smoking and drinking. Results Four gastric cancer cohorts with 29779 gastric cancer patients were included. In total patients, female patients had a better prognosis than male patients (HR = 0.938, 95%CI: 0.881–0.999, P = 0.046). For prediagnosis lifestyle factors, BMI at diagnosis, usual BMI and the amount of smoking were statistically associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Female patients with smoking history had a poorer survival than non-smoking females (HR = 0.782, 95%CI: 0.616–0.993, P = 0.044). Tobacco consumption > 40 cigarettes per day (HR = 1.182, 95%CI: 1.035–1.350, P = 0.013) was independent adverse prognostic factors in male patients. Obesity paradox was observed only in male patients (BMI < 18.5, HR = 1.145, 95%CI: 1.019–1.286, P = 0.023; BMI: 23-27.4, HR = 0.875, 95%CI: 0.824–0.930, P < 0.001; BMI ≥ 27.5, HR = 0.807, 95%CI: 0.735–0.886, P < 0.001). Conclusions Sex and some prediagnosis lifestyle factors, including BMI at diagnosis, usual BMI and the amount of smoking, were associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer.
Active avoidance under social conditions recruits the anterior cingulate cortex in male and female rats.
Authors: Ruble Shannon , Kramer Cassandra , West Lexe , Payne Karissa , Erickson Greg , Scott Alyssa , Diehl Maria
Published: January 2024

Actively avoiding potential threats is necessary for survival. Most research has focused on the behavioral and neurobiological processes when individuals avoid potential threats alone, under solitary conditions. Therefore, little is known about how social context affects active avoidance. Using a modified version of the platform-mediated avoidance task, we investigated whether the presence of a social partner attenuates freezing responses and promotes greater avoidance learning compared to avoidance learned under solitary conditions. Rats spent a similar percentage of time avoiding during the conditioned tone under both conditions; however, rats trained under social conditions exhibited greater freezing during the tone and lower pressing for food reward compared to solitary rats. Under solitary conditions, we observed greater avoidance in female compared to male rats, which was not present in rats under social conditions. To gain greater mechanistic insight, we optogenetically inactivated glutamatergic projection neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following avoidance training. Photoinactivation of ACC neurons impaired avoidance expression under social conditions both in the presence and absence of the partner. Under solitary conditions, photoinactivation of ACC delayed avoidance in males but blocked avoidance in females. Our findings suggest that avoidance is mediated by the ACC, regardless of social context, and may be dysfunctional in those suffering from trauma-related disorders. Furthermore, sex differences in prefrontal circuits mediating active avoidance warrant further investigation, given that females experience a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders.
Economic impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASLD) in Italy. Analysis and perspectives
Authors: Torre Enrico , Matteo Sergio Di , Martinotti Chiara , Goglia Umberto , Bruno Giacomo Matteo , Testino Gianni , Rebora Alberto , Bottaro Luigi Carlo , Colombo Giorgio Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

Background: MASLD constitutes the ominous shadow of obesity and diabetes mellitus, destined to become pandemics for the coming decades. MASLD is a multisystem disease presenting an increased risk of developing cardio-nephrometabolic complications, extrahepatic tumors, and the obvious liver-related complications. Aim of our study is to evaluate the economic impact of MASLD among Italian population from the Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) perspective.
Methods: MASLD economic impact was assessed developing a calculation model in Microsoft Excel®, from the Italian NHS perspective, considering healthcare resources and direct costs. Target population has been defined based on prevalence data. A literature search was conducted and the main MASLD-related complications were identified, corresponding to: MASH, with relative risk of evolution into CC, DCC, HCC, T2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, in particular MI and stroke, CKD, and CRC. It was chosen to evaluate the differential impact between complications development in the population with MASLD and in a same sample size population without-MASLD. Differential risk data, mortality rates and event unit costs were drawn from published international literature. Frequency and cost data were applied to the total target population, the total annual costs and mortality data, referring to the two arms, were then calculated and the differential value was obtained.
Results: Overall, based on an estimated 11,546,370 MASLD target population, an annual illness impact of €12,251,631,822 was calculated, corresponding to a difference of €7,731,674,054 compared to the same sample size without MASLD. Moreover, MASLD population is expected to result in 13,126 annual additional deaths.
Conclusion: The growing epidemiological impact of MASLD and its complications, will represent a huge economic burden for healthcare services worldwide. An holistic approach, mainly behaviors lifestyle change, to control the dramatic health and economic impact will be the first step to take. Specific drugs for MASLD are not yet available, but studies are underway, and combination pharmaceutical therapies may be an inevitable choice to achieve adequate control of MASLD and its complications in the future.
Predictive Score in Diagnosing Acute Colonic Diverticulitis at the Emergency Department: A retrospective study
Authors: Tantarattanapong Siriwimon , Glawsongkram Choasita , Pethyabarn Wasuntaraporn
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute diverticulitis was one of the common misdiagnoses among patients with acute abdominal pain in the emergency department (ED). The gold standard for diagnosing acute diverticulitis is a computerized tomography (CT) scan. Currently, no standard criteria have been established for diagnosing acute diverticulitis clinically. Therefore, the development of the predictive score for the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis will guide the physician in making a diagnosis and increase the appropriateness of the CT scan.
Method: A single-center retrospective study, conducted in adult patients aged more than 18 years who presented with acute abdominal pain at the ED, aimed to establish a predictive score for diagnosing acute diverticulitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify essential factors for the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was calculated to identify significant predictive factors for the probability of diagnosing acute diverticulitis and presented in a nomogram.
Results: There were 424 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 72 patients (17%) were diagnosed with acute diverticulitis. The significant predictive factors for the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis were age (adjust odd ratio (adj.OR) 1.03, 95% Confidence IntervaI (CI): 1.02-1.05), duration 24-72 hr (adj.OR 1.96, 95% CI: 0.97-3.95), duration >72 hr (adj.OR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.24-8.33), watery diarrhea (adj.OR 2, 95% CI: 0.97-4.15), nausea (adj.OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.17-1.09), vomit (adj.OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.11-1.38), right lower quadrant (RLQ) or left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain (adj.OR 3.48, 95% CI: 1.79-6.79), history of diverticulum (adj.OR 8.42, 95% CI: 3.61-19.63), LLQ tenderness (adj.OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.36-1.7) and anorexia (adj.OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.56). The seven clinical predictive variables for diagnosis acute diverticulitis of the nomogram consisted of 1) age, 2) nausea, 3) vomiting, 4) RLQ or LLQ pain, 5) duration of abdominal pain, 6) watery diarrhea, and 7) history of diverticulum. The total score of 135 was likely to diagnose acute diverticulitis with a sensitivity of 81.69% and a specificity of 70.94 %. The Area under the curve was 0.84. The secondary outcome, there were no signs, symptoms, or laboratory findings associated with complicated diverticulitis.
Conclusion: Significant predictive factors for diagnosis of acute diverticulitis were age, absence of nausea, absence of vomiting, RLQ or LLQ pain, duration of abdominal pain, watery diarrhea and history of diverticulum.
Post-nesting habitat selection by female loggerhead turtles Carreta caretta in Japan
Authors: Hayashi Haruka , Okamoto Kei , Ueno Shintaro , Ochi Daisuke
Published: January 2024

The number of nests of loggerhead turtle Carreta caretta in Japan has been declining in recent years and needs to be protected. Loggerheads spending most of time in foraging areas, it is important for their conservation to investigate their habitat and the environmental features that affect their habitat selection. During 2018 and 2019 nesting seasons, 23 nesting females were attached satellite transmitters at Tanegashima Island where is one of the largest nesting sites in Japan and tracked their post-nesting migration. Most inhabited the East China Sea (ECS) and Tsushima Strait, using three narrow areas in summer and moving to broader area in winter. Environmental factors and body size that may influence loggerhead’s habitat selections were compared for each highly used area and entire home range. Summer areas had relatively slower current compared to the surrounding. Wintering areas had faster currents but temperate. Primary productivity has not affected their habitat selection. Loggerheads using the most northern area were the largest of the three summer areas. Loggerheads select habitats in the ECS and Tsushima Strait that enable them to conserve their energy consumption, and that have comfortable temperatures. This result would be worth establishing their conservation measure.
Elevator Health Evaluation Based on Operational State Analysis and D-ANP Method
Authors: Chen Jiayan , Wang Yize , Feng Bin , Yu Ping , Feng Da
Published: January 2024

Elevator is an important part of modern life. A reasonable health evaluation plays an important role in avoiding elevator failures and ensuring the safety and normal operation of elevators. This paper establishes an index system for comprehensively evalu-ating the performance of elevators by analyzing the structure of elevators. The index system includes 11 detection indicators (including continuous and discrete indicators) that can fully evaluate the performance of elevators. By monitoring the running signals of elevators through professional elevator testing equipment and extracting multiple time-frequency features, different methods are used to evaluate discrete and continuous variables based on the different characteristics of different types of indi-cators: continuous variables are evaluated based on statistical quality control ideas, and discrete variables are evaluated based on standards and historical data, and the evaluation scores of each indicator are obtained. Finally, the laboratory decision-making network analysis method (D-ANP) is used to clarify the relationship between each indicator, calculate the weight of each indicator in the system, and obtain the comprehensive evaluation score of elevator health. And this evaluation model is applied to actual experimental applications, evaluating and assessing experimental elevators with different health levels, verifying the effectiveness of this model. The results show that the proposed method has good applicability and is expected to be applied to daily elevator maintenance and inspection, playing a promoting role in the field of elevator health evaluation and maintenance.
TLIF by Wiltse Approach versus OLIF for degenerative lumbar scoliosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fajia , Li Jianlei
Published: January 2024

To assess the differences in the clinical and radiological outcomes between Wiltse-TLIF and OLIF for treating degenerative lumbar scoliosis.In this retrospective controlled study, 65 patients with Lenke-Silva treatment level III, IV degenerative lumbar scoliosis. who were operated in our hospital from January 2018 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly assigned to Wiltse approach group (group A，31 cases) and conventional open approach group (group B，34 cases). Patient’s assessment of pain and disability were evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) before and after surgery. The incision length, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, time to ambulation, total length of hospitalization, X-rays, CT and MRI were also evaluated. There were no differences in sex, age, pre-operative ODI score, VAS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). The Wiltse approach group had a shorter incision length( 24.34vs. 31.51 cm, P＜0.05). The average operative time was shorter in OLIF group( 5.21 vs. 4.81 hours , P＜0.05). The OLIF group also have less intraoperative blood loss (672.32 vs. 370.11 ml, P＜0.001) and hidden blood loss (245.56 vs. 109.23 ml, P＜0.001). The Wiltse approach group were ambulatory(3.23 vs. 2.13 days, P＜0.05) and remained in the hospital(11.48 vs. 8.31 days, P＜0.05) for more time compared with OLIF group. Both groups showed no significant differences in the VAS scores of lower back and leg pain and the ODI scores. OLIF surgery is significantly better than Wiltse-TLIF in improving Sagittal vertical axis (t=2.13, P＜0.05) , lumbar lordosis (t=5.36, P＜0.001). There was no significant difference in the improvement of the lumbar cobb angle, Pelvic tilt angle and Sacral slope angle between the two groups.The complications rate was significantly lower in the Wiltse-TLIF group than in the OLIF group (23.5% vs. 12.9%).Wiltse-TLIF and OLIF showed similar patient-reported outcomes, however, the complication rate of OLIF was higher than that of Wiltse-TLIF, which do not adversely affect the clinical and radiographic outcomes. We also concluded that OLIF surgery is suitable for patients with dynamic raidcular pain, for the patients with static raidcular pain, wiltse-TLIF may be a better chosen.
NCX1/Ca2+ promotes autophagy and decreases bortezomib activity in multiple myeloma through non-canonical NFκB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Tingting , Xiao Pingping , Qiu Dongbiao , Yang Apeng , Chen Qingjiao , Lin Junfang , Liu Yao , Chen Junmin , Zeng Zhiyong
Published: January 2024

Although bortezomib (BTZ) is the cornerstone of anti-multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, the inevitable primary and secondary drug resistance still seriously affects the prognosis of patients. New treatment strategies are in need. Sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) is a calcium-permeable ion transporter on the membrane, and our previous studies showed that low NCX1 confers inferior viability in MM cells and suppressed osteoclast differentiation. However, the effect of NCX1 on BTZ sensitivity of MM and its possible mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of NCX1 on BTZ sensitivity in MM, focusing on cellular processes of autophagy and cell viability. Our results provide evidence that NCX1 expression correlates with MM disease progression and low NCX1 expression increases BTZ sensitivity. NCX1/Ca2+ triggered autophagic flux through non-canonical NFκB pathway in MM cells, leading to attenuated the sensitivity of BTZ. Knockdown or inhibition of NCX1 could potentiate the anti-MM activity of BTZ in vitro and vivo, and inhibition of autophagy sensitized NCX1-overexpressing MM cells to BTZ. In general, this work implicates NCX1 as a potential therapeutic target in MM with BTZ resistance and provides novel mechanistic insights into its vital role in combating BTZ resistance.
The application of a new model for disease classification in minimally invasive treatment of concomitant cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Xiao Yusha , Liu Pengpeng , Lan Jianwei , Song Dekun , Xie Longhui , Liu Quanyan
Published: January 2024

Background: The optimal minimally invasive treatment of concomitant cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis is still variable.
Materials and Methods: This Chinese retrospective single-center cohort study for patients with concomitant cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasiss undergoing different minimally invasive treatments. A new model for disease classification was developed and the optimal treatment was screened.
Results: Diameter of CBD, stone number, stone size was significantly correlated with choice of minimally invasive surgical procedures. All patients were sorted into Type I, II, III and Ⅳ respectively. Two invasive surgical methods was performed in patients with type I, IO-EPBD+LC was more suitable due to shorter surgical and hospital stay, and lower postoperative serum amylase levels. There are five surgical methods was performed in patients with type II. If cystic duct was unobstructed and enough big to pass slender choledochoscopy when the confluence of the cystic duct and the common bile duct was slightly incised, the LC+LTCBDE group is recommended as the preferred treatment. IO-EPBD+LCshould be used if cystic duct was not blocked up but the caliber was not enough big to pass slender choledochoscopy. Among the four minimally invasive surgical methods for patients with type III, the LC+LCCBDE+Gastroscope group has the advantage of shorter hospital stay and fewer postoperative complications. Among the three methods for the type IV, the stones are too more and bigger to completely removed during the surgery, LC+LTCD is more suitable.
Conclusion: A novel simple clinical classification system would benefit to induct selecting minimally invasive surgical model for concomitant cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.
New quantitative measurement system for M2BPGi reveals liver inflammation complicates liver cirrhosis diagnosis
Authors: Uojima Haruki , Yamasaki Kazumi , Sugiyama Masaya , Kage Masayoshi , Ishii Norihiro , Shirabe Ken , Hidaka Hisashi , Kusano Chika , Murakawa Miyako , Asahina Yasuhiro , Nishimura Takashi , Iijima Hiroko , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Ito Kiyoaki , Amano Keisuke , Kawaguchi Takumi , Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Suzuki Takanori , Matsuura Kentaro , Taketomi Akinobu , Joshita Satoru , Umemura Takeji , Nishina Sohji , Hino Keisuke , Toyoda Hidenori , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Mizokami Masashi
Published: January 2024

Background/purpose of the study: Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), a biomarker for liver fibrosis, is influenced by various etiologies. Here, we aimed to investigate clinical factors that improve the accuracy of liver cirrhosis (LC) diagnosis based on quantitative M2BPGi (M2BPGi-Qt), regardless of etiology.
Methods: In total, 1,373 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) were recruited. Weassessed the correlation between fibrosis stage and M2BPGi-Qt levels among CLD etiologies. If there was no correlation between the fibrosis stage and M2BPGi level in a specific etiology of CLD, we evaluated the clinical factors influencing the M2BPGi-Qt level in that specific etiology. Subsequently, we created an algorithm to detect LC based on M2BPGi-Qt, considering an influencing factor other than fibrosis.
Results: In virus hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and primary biliary cholangitis, the M2BPGi-Qt levels increased liver fibrosis progression. In autoimmune hepatitis, no significant association was observed between the fibrosis stage and M2BPGi-Qt level. However, liver inflammation positively correlated with the M2BPGi-Qt levels. Considering liver inflammation, we established an algorithm, M2BPGi-Qt, to determine the alanine aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (MAP-R) in LC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the MAP-R index was 0.840. The AUC of MAP-R was higher than that of the M2BPGi-Qt for detecting LC.
Conclusions: New quantitative measurement system for M2BPGi reveals liver inflammation complicates liver cirrhosis diagnosis. The algorithm based on the M2BPGi-Qt level demonstrates a high accuracy for LC diagnosis.
Glycolysis Related Genes in Osteoporosis: Screening for Potential Prevention Targets
Authors: Hu Xing-Bo , Yang Jing-Ze , Zhang Jin , Hu Jun , Yuan Xiao-Feng , Zhang Juan
Published: January 2024

Background
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that globally affects more than 200 million people. Glycolysis seemingly important for bone resorption. We aimed to investigate glycolysis-related differentially expressed genes (GRDEGs) that might be potential targets for osteoporosis.
Methods
Differential expression analysis of GSE56815 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was performed. A Venn diagram was used to obtain the overlapping GRDEGs. The enrichment pathway analysis was performed and the hub genes were obtained. The abundance of immune cells was estimated utilizing the CIBERSORT algorithm.
Results
Utilizing the limma package and the Venn diagram, 154 GRDEGs were obtained. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of GRDEGs indicated several enriched terms related to regulation of JAK-STAT cascade and canonical glycolysis. As for GSEA enrichment analysis, they were significantly enriched in the NF_KB, glycolysis, Wnt and Hedgehog pathway. In the protein-protein interaction network, the hub differentially expressed genes, such as CTNNB1, HK3, MPI, HKDC1, PFKL, PTEN were obtained, which were correlated with the abundance of infiltrating T follicular helper cells. The hub genes MPI was significantly correlated with the invasion abundance of Macrophages M0 and Macrophages M2.
Conclusion
Our study reveals the potential role of GRDEGs in osteoporosis through bioinformatics analysis. The screened hub genes, CTNNB1, HK3, MPI, HKDC1, PFKL and PTEN might be therapeutic targets for patients with osteoporosis and novelly provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of osteoporosis.