bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les cantons face au droit international
Authors: Schmid Evelyne , Niderhauser Matthieu , Miaz Jonathan , Maggetti Martino , Kaempfer Constance
Published: October 2024

Le droit international marque aujourd’hui tous les domaines de l’activité humaine, y compris nos déplacements en transports publics, l’école de nos enfants, la sécurité de nos données ou les prestations de santé que nous recevons. Bien qu’il exerce une influence croissante sur les systèmes juridiques nationaux et que la légitimité de son expansion suscite régulièrement des résistances, ses effets majeurs sur les institutions à un niveau infranational – cantonal, dans un régime fédéraliste comme celui de la Suisse – constituent un impensé politique et juridique. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse de cas concrets, cet ouvrage montre par quels mécanismes formels et informels les parlementaires et d’autres actrices et acteurs impliqués dans les processus législatifs cantonaux s’emploient à connaître puis mettre en oeuvre leurs obligations internationales, que ce soit pour des traités relatifs aux droits humains ou dans le cadre des accords bilatéraux entre la Suisse et l’Union européenne.
Meningkatkan Kreativitas Belajar pada Pembelajaran PAKBP dengan Model PBL Fase C Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 11 Paat Kecamatan Embaloh Hulu
Authors: Petronila Merlin
Published: October 2024

This research aims to increase the learning creativity of class V students in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Character (PAKBP) through the application of the Phase C Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. PBL was chosen because it encourages students to be more active in solving real problems, thinking critically, and develop creativity. This classroom action research was carried out at the Paat 11 State Elementary School, Embaloh Hulu District, with a focus on the material "The Holy Spirit Strengthens the Hearts of the Apostles". The research results show that the application of the Phase C PBL model can increase students' creativity in understanding and applying the values ​​of Catholic teachings in everyday life. Apart from that, this method also succeeded in increasing learning motivation and student involvement in learning. Thus, PBL Phase C is effective in improving the quality of PAKBP learning and can be used as an alternative learning model to enrich student creativity.
Upaya Meningkatkan Mandiri Belajar Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Metode Kooperatif Learning pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Bagi Siswa Kelas IX SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu
Authors: Tulus Tulus  , Brigida Intan Printina  , Vinsensius Kriswidiatma Tjahja
Published: October 2024

This research desires to know the Cooperative learning model in general in an effort to improve the independent learning of students in the classroom. Data collection and literature study using Classroom Action Research through data from cycle 1 and comparison results from cycle II. Cooperative is willing to help or be cooperative, in cooperative activities always require a group. While the Group is a group of several people who have the same goals desires and expectations. Meanwhile, group learning is a process of planned and directed learning activities involving more than one person so that where between one person and another complement each other. In learning the Cooperative method in this Classroom action research aims to increase independent learning, which means that if students are able to learn independently, it can describe that increased learning in Catholic religious education. The problem in this study is that the application of cooperative learning methods has not been applied optimally in learning. Research based on the problem, (a) How is the implementation of cooperative learning methods in Catholic Religious Education lessons to improve independent learning in class IX students of SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu. (b) How is the improvement of student learning outcomes after applying Cooperative Method learning in Catholic religious education subjects. The objectives of this action research are; (a) to find out the Implementation of Cooperative Method Learning in Catholic religious education. (b) to determine the increase in student learning outcomes after the application of Cooperative Method Learning in Catholic religious education subjects for class IX students of SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Kemandirian Peserta Didik dengan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Audiovisual Materi "Manusia Sebagai Citra Allah" Kelas VII Fase D SMPN 1 Mempawah Hulu
Authors: C.F. Yakub  , Mawarni Gea  , Agustinus Mulyono
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted based on the low quality of the process and learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Mempawah Hulu. This study aims to improve learning outcomes and student independence in Catholic Religious Education learning, especially in the material of Man as the Image of God in class VII Phase D of SMPN 1 Mempawah Hulu. The application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model can explore the effectiveness and quality of learning with indicators of improving student learning outcomes in the Cognitive and affective aspects. In the affective aspect, the researcher developed an independent dimension in the Pancasila Student Profile. Using a quantitative approach, this study involved 31 students in class VII D. The study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected based on the results of learning tests and observations of attitudes in the learning process in cycles 1 and 2. The results showed an increase in the average score in the cognitive aspect, namely from 73.3 in cycle 1 to 85.6 in cycle 2 or an increase of 16.7%. In the affective aspect, namely by observing learning independence, data was obtained that the average score of the affective aspect in cycle 1 was 80, increasing to 86 in cycle 2 or an increase of 7.5%. In addition, student independence in the learning process also increased, as indicated by their ability to solve problems independently and work collaboratively. The increase in learning outcomes can be seen from the average score of students which increased from the first cycle to the second cycle. Likewise, the level of student independence increased based on the results of the questionnaire and observations. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PBL learning model assisted by audio-visual media is effectively able to improve learning outcomes and student learning independence in Catholic Religious Education material.
Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Secara Mandiri menggunakan Metode Interaktif dengan Problem Based Learning pada Materi Aku Pribadi yang Unik di Fase E Kelas X di SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING Tinggi Kec.Padang Hilir
Authors: Vina Meloni Br Ginting Manik
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the increase in motivation and cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the independence dimension through the PBL model in students at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI The study is based on a research problem, namely the lack of enthusiasm and motivation of students in learning due to inadequate methods, systems and learning resources, so I took the initiative to use the PBL method so that students are able to collaborate to unite interests and participate in group discussions independently or together. (insert some problems). This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The research location at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI for class X students with the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON The research time was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used a learning outcome test and an affective observation rubric for the independence dimension The data analysis technique used a quantitative descriptive technique. The results of the first cycle of research were that 3 students had only 25% success or only 1 person completed and 2 people had not completed 75% ). The results of the cycle II study are that at this cycle meeting there was a significant and very interesting increase because students were able to explore their potential in terms of examining information by watching learning videos and concluding well and structured with good sentences and language. 75% were very good and 25% were good. So this process can be said to be successful in obtaining learning outcomes and motivation if averaged out, it has been towards proficient at the end of cycle 2. In achieving the targeted motivation and learning outcomes of students, they have been able to reach the maximum threshold so that at the cycle 1 meeting it was clear that there were so many changes in students' interests and desires to get lessons that were also quite good, by holding group discussions, students were also able to provide responses independently to demonstrate the results of group discussions, increasing motivation and learning outcomes reaching 93.3%. From the results that exist that the PBL method has a very large influence on the motivation and learning outcomes of students both in terms of group discussions and independently. In the future, the school will implement learning with PBL comprehensively so that the teaching and learning process is more effective and efficient and has its own impression for teachers, especially for students at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas X pada Materi Bersikap Kritis dan Bertanggung Jawab terhadap Media Massa dalam Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di SMKN 1 Sewon, Yogyakarta
Authors: Yosefi Dewi Mahanani Saputra
Published: October 2024

This research aims to improve the learning motivation of 10th-grade students at SMKN 1 Sewon Yogyakarta on the topic of being critical and responsible towards mass media through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method. The teaching of Catholic Religion at this school is designed to support the school's vision of producing graduates with character and professionalism. However, student motivation in this subject remains low, as indicated by minimal participation and unsatisfactory learning outcomes. Until now, the teaching method has focused solely on textbooks without engaging variety. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach in two cycles, each consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were three 10th-grade students from the Hospitality Program. The results showed that the implementation of PBL significantly increased students' learning motivation, particularly in thinking critically and being responsible for information from mass media. In the first cycle, student motivation was still relatively low, but after improvements in the second cycle, students became more active in discussions, critical thinking, and confidently expressing their opinions. This research provides benefits for teachers to teach more effectively and is expected to positively impact the quality of education at the school. The findings also show that the PBL method helps students relate learning materials to real life, increase active engagement, and foster critical and responsible attitudes in dealing with information from the media.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak Siswa Kelas VII Melalui Penggunaan Model PBL SMP Negeri 2 Harian Pada Materi Aku Memiliki Kemampuan
Authors: Iten Rosalina Sihotang  , Yohanes Umbu Lede  , Paulus Asriadi
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade VII students on the material "I Have the Ability" through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model at SMP Negeri 2 Harian in the 2024/2025 academic year. The PBL method was chosen because of its ability to increase student engagement, critical thinking skills, and problem solving that is relevant to everyday life. This study uses a classroom action research (CAR) design involving two cycles of action. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observations of the learning process, and evaluation questionnaires. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, as indicated by an increase in test scores and positive feedback from students regarding the learning process. The application of the PBL model also showed an increase in collaboration skills and student learning motivation. Thus, the use of the Problem-Based Learning model can be considered effective in improving student learning outcomes on the material taught.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Bernalar Kritis Kelas X SMAN 1 Pagak Materi Bersikap Kritis dan Bertanggung Jawab terhadap Media Massa melalui Problem Based Learning
Authors: Yoanna Francisca Dwi Purnastiti
Published: October 2024

The teaching methods applied in grade X at SMAN 1 Pagak are still lacking in variety, leading to students' low critical reasoning skills and the failure to achieve the target in the proficient and skilled categories. This research aims to improve students' learning outcomes and target achievement through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL). The Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles with the material "Being Critical and Responsible towards Mass Media", each consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were nine students from grade X Phase E at SMAN 1 Pagak. The research indicators included idea and information clarification, idea and information analysis, use of sources, and prioritization of relevant ideas. The results of the study showed that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method was able to improve learning achievements: from 0% proficient, 44% skilled, 56% adequate, and 0% developing, to 56% proficient, 44% skilled, 0% adequate, and 0% developing. The results also demonstrated that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method was able to enhance the Pancasila Student Profile (P3) character, specifically in the critical reasoning dimension. The average critical reasoning dimension increased from 60% to 80%. The recommendation is to focus on one dimension by choosing a teaching method that is both engaging and activating.
Meningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti pada Materi Gereja sebagai Komunitas Umat Beriman menggunakan Model Problem Based and Learning Berbantuan Media Audio Visual di Fase D Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem Tahun Pelajaran
Authors: Emma Rospita Br embiring  , Yusmanto Yusmanto  , Busri Busri
Published: October 2024

Learning is not just about gaining knowledge; it's about growing, evolving, and making a difference. Teachers should design lessons that help students develop both skills and knowledge, leading to the development of strong moral character. Effective learning puts students at the center of the process, making learning active, creative, and engaging. However, at SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem, especially in Catholic Religious Education and Ethics, teaching is still very teacher-centered, and only 61% of students are meeting the learning objectives. To address this, the school has implemented a student-centered approach, including Problem-Based Learning (PBL). After using PBL for two cycles, it was found that while only 16% of students showed improvement in the first cycle, all students met the objectives in the second cycle. This shows that PBL has significantly improved student learning outcomes.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Bernalar Kritis dalam Pendidikan Agama Katolik pada Materi Manusia Sebagai Citra Allah dengan Metode Problem Based Learning Pada Peserta Didik di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Sibolga
Authors: Edyolensina Sihotang  , Yusmanto Yusmanto  , Busri Busri
Published: October 2024

Learning in Indonesia aims to increase the intelligence of students intellectually and emotionally. The study of Catholicism, as part of ethics, aims to develop human understanding as a unique image of God. Humans have different uniqueness and abilities, which must be developed through various efforts to benefit themselves, their families, and society. This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade VII students of SMPN 3 Sibolga on the material "Unique Image of Allah" and develop critical thinking skills with the Problem Based Learning method. This qualitative research uses observation in two cycles, based on the Kemmis and Mc Taggart research model which includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed an increase in students' critical reasoning skills and learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II, with the average achievement increasing from 88% in cycle I to 90% in cycle II. This study emphasizes the importance of teachers as facilitators in creating interesting learning, by involving students in discovering new understandings.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik melalui Model PBL Berbantuan Media Audio Visual di Kelas III SDN 101802 Namorambe
Authors: Paskalia Tarigan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the improvement of learning outcomes by using the based learning model in class IV of SDN 101802 Namorambe. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, the population of this study were Catholic students in class III of SDN 101802 Namorambe totaling 8 students consisting of 4 males and 4 females. Sampling using purposive sampling and the sample used was class III totaling 8 students. The results of this study indicate that student learning outcomes using the based learning model are included in the very good category seen that the average post-test score of the best students at the cycle I stage was 65,6 then increased to 86,5 in the post-test cycle II and the smallest students at the Cycle 1 stage were 50 then increased to 79. This shows that there is a significant positive influence of the use of based learning on student learning outcomes in the subject of Catholic Religious Education in class III of SDN 101802 Namorambe.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti dengan Model PBL (Problem Based Learning) Berbantuan Media Power Point Fase E SMK Negeri 6 Bandung
Authors: Fransiska Wayan Meila Candraningsih  , Y.L. Sukestiyarno  , Martina Murlani
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PowerPoint media at SMK Negeri 6 Bandung, Phase E. This research is classified as Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of several stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The first cycle covers the topic "I am the Image of God," and the second cycle addresses "Developing God’s Gifts." The subjects of this study are students in class X Phase E at SMK Negeri 6 Bandung for the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 6 students. The data collection techniques used are written tests and observations. Based on the research results, the overall average of observations shows significant improvement, from 72 in Cycle I to 84 in Cycle II. This improvement indicates that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PowerPoint media is effective in enhancing students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. Descriptive statistical data regarding the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education show a significant increase in the average student score from Cycle I to Cycle II, from 80 to 90, with a total score change of 60 points. This indicates that most students experienced improvement, with Isai Steven recording the highest change of 20 points, while one student, Tarigan Veri Karunianta, maintained the same score. The implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PowerPoint media in Cycle II seems to have successfully improved students' learning outcomes, as they were more engaged in the learning process and able to complete the challenges presented more effectively. Overall, this reflects the effectiveness of the teaching method used in the second cycle.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam PAK Melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Kelas V SD Negeri 044845 Payanderket
Authors: Juita Br Tarigan  , Andarweni Astuti
Published: October 2024

This study aims to enhance student learning outcomes in Religious Education through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model at SD Negeri 044845 Payanderket. Utilizing a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, the research was conducted in two cycles, focusing on improving the character profile of Pancasila students. The results indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average score increasing from 72% in Cycle I to 80% in Cycle II. The findings suggest that the consistent application of the PBL model can effectively enhance the quality of learning and foster critical thinking skills among students. It is recommended that educators adopt PBL as a regular teaching strategy to further improve student engagement and academic performance.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAKBP pada Materi Manusia Berkembang Berkat Peran Sesama Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis
Authors: Dewi Fitri Sitindaon  , Yusmanto Yusmanto  , Busri Busri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the material "Human Development Through the Roles of Others" using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. This research employed a Classroom Action Research design conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 7 students from the seventh-grade class at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. Data collection techniques were carried out through tests (formative tests) and non-tests (observations). The results of the study in cycle I showed an average score of 68.14 and a classical learning completeness percentage of 72.42%. In cycle II, the average score increased to 84.85. The average student attendance in cycle I was 100% and remained 100% in cycle II. Student involvement in learning in cycle I was 66.28% (high) and increased to 76.50% (very high) in cycle II. It can be concluded that the PBL model can improve the learning outcomes and activities of students on the material "Human Development Through the Roles of Others" in the seventh-grade class at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Metode Problem Based Learning pada Peserta Didik Kelas 2 Fase A SD Mardi Waluya Cibinong
Authors: Franciska Triningsih  , Hartutik Hartutik
Published: October 2024

At Elementary School Mardi Waluya Cibinong, it was found that the critical thinking ability and learning achievement targets of Catholic Religious Education especially in grade 2 were not optimal. This could be due to the use of less varied learning methods and the less optimal implementation of strategies that encourage active student participation. This research aims to improve the character dimension of critical thinking and student achievement targets by applying the Problem-Based Learning method in phase A of especially in grade 2. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles with materials on the safety of God’s work through Kain and Habel, with each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subject is students from Elementary school Mardi Waluya Cibinong with a total of 34 peoples. The results of the research show that the use of the PBL learning model can increase the character dimension of critical thinking in the Pancasila student profile (P3) from 70% to 84%. There was also an increase in student achievement outcomes, with mastery increasing from 20% to 68%, proficiency from 50% to 32%, and a decrease in appropriateness from 18% to 0%, which then increased to 12%. This indicates a significant decrease in the critical thinking dimension of the Pancasila students profile, which overall improves the critical thinking process and students achievement in grade 2 phase A. Recommendation: Teachers can focus on one dimension of P3 in the character development process by applying problem-solving learning methods.
Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Pelajaran PAK dan BP Melalui Metode PBL dengan Media Canva di Kelas 8 SMP N 11 Ngabang
Authors: Andrianus Andrianus  , Mawarni Gea  , Agustinus Mulyono
Published: October 2024

This research aims to increase students' learning interest in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) using Canva media in the 8th grade at SMP N 11 Ngabang. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The results showed that the implementation of PBL with Canva media was able to improve students' interest and engagement in learning, as well as enhance their understanding of the material. By the end of the second cycle, 80% of students showed increased learning interest, and 75% actively participated in learning activities. This improvement was also reflected in the evaluation results, where 80% of students demonstrated a good understanding of the material. Thus, PBL with Canva media can be an effective alternative to improve the quality of learning.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di Kelas VIII UPTD Smp Negeri 4 Moro’o
Authors: Saverius Sozanolo Waruwu  , Brigida Intan Printina
Published: October 2024

Saverius Sozanolo Waruwu, 2024. This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the Catholic Religious Education subject for eighth-grade students at UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Moro’o. Based on initial observations, it was found that students' learning outcomes had not met the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKTP), ranging between 60-75, and their critical reasoning skills were still at a sufficient level. This was due to the teaching methods being primarily lecture-based and narrative. To address this issue, the researcher attempted to implement the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in Catholic Religious Education classes. The subjects of this study consisted of five eighth-grade students. In the first cycle, 80% of the students achieved mastery, but this did not meet the target of 85%. After improvements were made in the second cycle, learning outcomes increased to 100%, with all students reaching the set mastery level. Additionally, the students' critical thinking skills also improved. In the first cycle, the average critical thinking score was 2.9, which was categorized as sufficient. However, in the second cycle, after the implementation of PBL, the score increased to 3.65, indicating a significant improvement in critical thinking skills. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model is effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Kolaborasi Siswa Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning pada Pelajaran Pak Fase B Kelas IV SD Negeri 01 Saibi Samukop
Authors: Herlika Panjaitan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education learning through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in class IV of SD Negeri 01 Saibi Samukop. The problem raised is the low understanding of students on the Ten Commandments material, which results in unsatisfactory learning outcomes. The research method used is classroom action research with two cycles, which include planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, with the average final test score increasing from 65 to 85 after the application of PBL. The conclusion of this study is that PBL is effective in improving students' understanding of teaching materials. The recommendation given is for teachers to apply PBL consistently and conduct training to improve teaching skills in the context of problem-based learning.
Meningkatkan Kualitas Dan Minat Belajar Siswa Dengan Metode PBL Berbantuan Media Youtube Fase F Kelas XII SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta
Authors: Marta Cristina Samosir  , Nerita Setiyaningtiyas
Published: October 2024

Teachers are one of the main components that greatly determine the success of the teaching and learning process. Thus, teachers should create the right situations and conditions to enable the learning process in students by directing all sources and using the right teaching and learning strategies, which include approaches, methods and learning techniques. To overcome the low learning achievement of students, the researcher conducted a Class Action Research on students in class XII E SMAN. 1 Ronggurnihuta by applying the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by YouTube. This research aims to improve the quality and interest of learning in students. This research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of several stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation and reflection. The data collection technique is carried out by means of tests and observations, with a descriptive approach. The results of the study increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2. In cycle 1 there are still students in the decent category in the learning achievement variable and the category begins to develop in the learning interest variable, then entering cycle 2 there is an increase with the absence of students in the decent category in the learning quality variable, and the category begins to develop in the learning interest variable
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik PAK dengan Model PBL pada Materi Yesus Mengajarkan Pengampunan Kelas V Fase C SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju
Authors: Parnawati Situmorang
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti subjects by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model for class V SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju in the 2024/2025 school year. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles with 1 meeting in each cycle. Each cycle consists of several stages, namely planning, implementation, action, observation and reflection. The first and second cycles discussed the material Jesus Teaches Forgiveness. This study aims to determine whether there is an increase in student learning outcomes with the help of the PBL learning model on the material of Jesus Teaches Forgiveness in class V in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and ethics at SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju. This PTK also aims to determine how much the increase in learning achievement targets with the help of the PBL method on the material Jesus Teaches Forgiveness in class V in Catholic religious education and character education subjects at SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju. Based on the results of observations of student learning activities, teacher activities, and student learning outcomes tests that the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve the activities and learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education and Ethics in class V Phase C students of SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju, Sitiotio District, Samosir Regency.
Fatores culturais que interferem nas experiências sobre a imunização contra a Covid-19
Authors: Silva Laianny Luize Lima e , Sousa Neto Antônio Rosa de , Silva Cleber Gomes da Costa , Sousa Beatriz de , Campelo Viriato , Paranaguá Josie Haydée Lima Ferreira , Freitas Daniela Reis Joaquim de
Published: October 2024

Introdução: Conhecido como novo coronavírus, a variante do SARS-CoV-2 responsável pela pandemia da COVID-19 foi detectada em 31 de dezembro em Wuhan, China; alguns dias depois, em 9 de janeiro de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) confirmou a circulação da nova variante. Em 16 de janeiro, foi confirmada a primeira importação para o território japonês. A partir daí, o vírus começou a se espalhar globalmente, causando pânico, medo e preocupação na população mundial devido ao alto número de infectados e mortos que cresceu desproporcionalmente à medida que o vírus circulava em vários países. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura quais fatores culturais influenciam na adesão à imunização contra a COVID-19 durante a pandemia. Metodologia: Esta revisão integrativa foi realizada seguindo a recomendação da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideline. Utilizando a estratégia PICO, a busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados BIREME, PUBMED/MEDLINE e BVS. Foi realizado entre outubro de 2024 e novembro de 2024. Os critérios de inclusão foram publicações dos últimos três (3) anos, disponíveis na íntegra, de qualquer região, de periódicos revisados por pares e que respondessem à questão desta revisão. Foram excluídos estudos duplicados e aqueles que não eram o objetivo principal deste estudo, como cartas ao editor, notas editoriais, projetos, resumos publicados em anais e textos que não estavam disponíveis na íntegra ou fora do período estabelecido. Resultados e Discussão: Inúmeros fatores contribuem para a baixa adesão populacional à imunização contra o coronavírus, sendo os principais fatores a influência religiosa, a descrença na eficácia da vacina e o impacto de fatores políticos e fake news. Conclusão: A adesão à vacinação está sujeita à imaginação e aos mecanismos sociais que influenciam decisivamente a propensão de uma determinada comunidade em se vacinar ou não; trabalhar essa questão é importante para aumentar a adesão da comunidade às imunizações propostas pelo governo.
Brincadeiras tradicionais: resgatando jogos antigos na educação moderna
Authors: Souza Germania Aparecida Nunes Alves de , Araújo Anselmo Martins , Júnior Sebastião Lopes da Silva , Cruz Anderson Junior da Silva , Nascimento Frank Astor do , Silva Wilma Angélica da
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investigou o impacto da reintrodução de brincadeiras tradicionais no contexto educacional contemporâneo, visando compreender sua relevância para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos e sua eficácia como ferramenta pedagógica. Através de uma abordagem mista, que incluiu observações participantes, entrevistas semiestruturadas com educadores e grupos focais com alunos, a pesquisa analisou a implementação dessas práticas lúdicas em cinco escolas públicas ao longo de um semestre letivo. Os resultados revelaram melhorias significativas nas habilidades motoras (85%), cognitivas (80% em atenção e concentração) e sociais (62% de aumento em interações positivas) dos participantes. Notavelmente, 92% dos professores relataram sucesso na integração das brincadeiras ao currículo escolar, facilitando o ensino de matemática, língua portuguesa e estudos sociais. O estudo também identificou desafios, como resistência inicial de alguns alunos (18%) e dificuldades na adaptação de espaços físicos (35% dos professores). As descobertas sugerem que as brincadeiras tradicionais oferecem um meio eficaz de promover uma educação mais humanizada e culturalmente rica, alinhada com as necessidades dos alunos do século XXI. O estudo contribui para a pedagogia moderna ao fornecer um modelo de integração curricular, estratégias de engajamento e uma abordagem para o desenvolvimento integral dos educandos. Recomenda-se a expansão dessa prática, com ênfase na formação docente, adaptações tecnológicas e políticas educacionais que fomentem a incorporação sistemática dessas brincadeiras no ambiente escolar.
Estabilidade físico-química e microbiológica de microcápsulas de Kefir obtidas por gelificação iônica
Authors: Correia Hugo José de Araújo , Ferreira Jucenir dos Santos , Santos Poliane Lima , Pagani Alessandra Almeida Castro
Published: October 2024

O kefir é um alimento complexo, com composição microbiológica composta por diferentes microrganismos simbióticos, dos quais várias bactérias são identificadas como probióticas. Entretanto, seu aroma marcante e sabor ácido reduz sua aceitação. Uma alternativa para melhorar o consumo desse alimento é a microencapsulação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver microcápsulas de kefir e analisar a estabilidade microbiológica e físico-química do kefir e das microcápsulas, durante o armazenamento de 28 dias a 5±1°C em embalagens de vidro transparentes. Ao final de 28 dias de estocagem, verificou-se uma contagem de microrganismos dentro dos padrões, para bactérias láticas em torno de 10^7 UFC/mL e leveduras 10^4 UFC/mL. Observou-se que não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) no número de bactérias láticas entre o kefir e as microcápsulas no período de armazenamento, mas houve no número de bactérias láticas no kefir nos 28 dias. O pH do kefir e das microcápsulas mostraram diferença significativa entre si no tempo inicial e no tempo final. A acidez titulável inicial do kefir e das microcápsulas foi 1,05% e 0,66%, respectivamente. A microencapsulação do kefir foi eficaz em proteger as bactérias ácido láticas das condições adversas do meio em que se encontram, gerando um produto menos ácido, que pode ser aplicado em formulação de alimentos inovadores ou consumidas diretamente.
“De aluguel de DVDs por correspondência à gigante do entretenimento global”: um estudo de caso sobre o serviço de streaming Netflix
Authors: Ramos Aline Santarém , Pacheco Dulcineves Ferreira , Gomes Gabriel Silva , Silva Raiana Ruiz Farias da , Farias Ronaldo Diones Ruiz , Lima Orlem Pinheiro de
Published: October 2024

A análise do caso da Netflix, realizada através de uma metodologia combinando análise bibliográfica e estudo de caso, revela uma trajetória de sucesso baseada em estratégias inovadoras como a transição do modelo de aluguel de DVDs para streaming digital, a produção de conteúdo original de alta qualidade e o uso avançado de algoritmos de recomendação personalizada. Estes fatores diferenciaram a Netflix de seus concorrentes e fidelizaram sua base de assinantes, resultando em impacto significativo no setor de entretenimento. A partir dessas discussões consideramos que futuras pesquisas podem explorar o impacto das práticas de recomendação na diversidade de consumo de mídia, a sustentabilidade do modelo de produção de conteúdo original, as adaptações culturais na expansão internacional e a resposta às mudanças tecnológicas e de comportamento do consumidor. Por fim, este torna-se um exemplo valioso ao analisarmos pelo ponto de vista da produção de novos produtos/serviços e seus diferentes modelos de negócios e estratégias devem ser estudados no sentido de favorecer o surgimento de novos produtos e serviços visando o atendimento das necessidades de seus clientes, como estratégia principal de empresa.
Social contribution on payroll and exemption from food allowance
Authors: Souza Jorge Vinícius Salatino de , Zomer Sílvia Regina
Published: October 2024

This article aims to explore the legal indeterminacy surrounding the possibility of free transit of credits between meal vouchers and food vouchers and its impact on the exemption of social contributions on payroll. Employing the Logical-Semantic Constructivism method and foundations from the philosophy of language, the article seeks to clarify whether this practice affects eligibility for exemption. Initially, the article underscores the importance of revisiting the interpretation given to the tax benefit, considering new business models and in light of changes in labor relations, such as the increase in remote work. Companies that offer meal and food vouchers are important partners for employers, facilitating the provision of food benefits to employees. A rigorous analysis of legal language is emphasized to ensure scientific accuracy. The legal norm is discussed from two perspectives: a broad sense (propositions derived from legal statements) and a strict sense (propositions structured in hypothetical-conditional judgments capable of regulating intersubjective conduct). It analyzes the norm that establishes the social contribution on payroll, identifying its five criteria (material, spatial, temporal, personal, and quantitative). The material criterion is defined as the provision of remuneration in exchange for work performed. The tax base is the total remuneration paid to employees. The article discusses the exemption of food assistance as provided by legislation (CLT and Law 8,212/91), which excludes the social security contribution on in natura food provided to workers. The legislation allows food assistance to be offered through vouchers, provided they are used exclusively for the purchase of food. Federal Decree No. 10,854/2021 is analyzed to explain the necessity of keeping funds in separate accounts and ensuring their exclusive use for food, prohibiting withdrawals or transfers to accounts not linked to the Worker’s Food Program (PAT). The article concludes that the free transfer of credits between meal and food vouchers does not affect the exemption of food assistance, as long as the funds are used exclusively for the purchase of in natura food. Subordinate legislation does not impose significant restrictions on this practice, and even if it did, it could not supersede higher normative provisions that grant the exemption. Thus, the arrangement between meal and food credits does not limit the exemption from social contributions on payroll.
Valores do teste lacrimal de Schirmer I em lhamas na América do Sul
Authors: Pigatto João Antonio Tadeu , Cargnin Luísa Soares , Melo Alana Pinto de , Seibel Maiara Poersch , Méndez Natália Pons , Silva Alessandra Fernandez da , Hünning Paula Stieven , Santos Elisandro Oliveira dos
Published: October 2024

O teste lacrimal de Schirmer I (STT I) é um componente importante do exame oftalmológico usado rotineiramente em humanos e em animais. Devido às variações nos valores de produção de lágrimas entre diferentes espécies é importante o conhecimento dos parâmetros normais para cada espécie.  Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de lágrimas em lhamas utilizando o STT I. O STT I foi realizado em ambos os olhos de 25 lhamas saudáveis ​​(15 machos e 10 fêmeas) com idades entre 2 e 11 anos. Cada lhama foi submetida a exame oftalmológico. Apenas lhamas sem achados oculares foram incluídas neste estudo. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey. Valores estatísticos de P < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. O valor do STT I (média ± desvio padrão) para todos os olhos foi de 20,30 ± 2,96 mm/min, sendo 21,2 ± 2,4 mm/min para o olho direito e 19,4 ± 2,57 mm/min para o olho esquerdo. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos valores de STT I entre os olhos direito e esquerdo. Este estudo fornece novos dados para valores normais de STT I em lhamas saudáveis. Os dados obtidos serão úteis para diagnosticar e monitorar doenças oculares em lhamas.
Entre recordações e militância: a vida de José Manoel da Silva durante a ditadura civil-militar no Brasil e o ensino de história local em Toritama-PE
Authors: Caetano Josenilson da Silva , Silva Anderson Vicente da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca ampliar a discussão sobre história local e o ensino de história. Tem como fio condutor José Manoel da Silva, um cidadão de Toritama-PE, assassinado no dia 8 de janeiro de 1973, durante a Ditadura Civil-Militar no Brasil. Mesmo sendo um personagem importante para aquele espaço histórico e com um feriado no município em sua homenagem, há uma grande escassez nas produções e discussões sobre esse sujeito histórico. Isso nos leva a uma questão que, para nós, é central: quem foi José Manoel da Silva e quais suas contribuições para a compreensão da história local de Toritama-PE? Busca-se assim, potencializar o desenvolvimento de uma consciência histórica, elemento essencial para transformação nos espaços sociais em que estamos inseridos, a partir do estudo da história local. Nosso intuito é contribuir na compreensão das narrativas históricas locais, tomando como exemplo a figura de José Manoel da Silva, para um ensino de história contextualizado e significativo.
A representação política no conselho municipal de saúde: um estudo sobre os sentidos da representação para conselheiros representantes da sociedade civil
Authors: Ribeiro Sergio Rossi , Stralen Cornelis Johannes van
Published: October 2024

A criação dos Conselhos de Saúde fundamentou-se na concepção de que a descentralização do poder decisório tornaria a política de saúde mais responsiva à população. Os Conselhos foram vistos como uma força contrária às práticas clientelistas, e essas instâncias suscitaram um processo de pluralização da representação política. As organizações da sociedade civil passaram a ocupar um papel central. Entretanto, alguns estudos têm indicado a presença de efeitos não democráticos: renovação de práticas como clientelismo, troca de favores, recusa de executivos locais em partilhar o poder decisório. O presente estudo visa analisar os sentidos da representação política para conselheiros de saúde representantes da sociedade civil, com a realização de entrevistas no município de São João del Rei/MG. Os resultados apontam o distanciamento entre conselheiros e as entidades que representam, o que pode ser resultado tanto da fragilidade e falta de recursos de algumas dessas entidades, quanto do desenho institucional que permite ao executivo local intervir sobre entidades que não corroboram seu projeto político.
eAutoDock - Aplicação WEB para cálculo de energia de ligação entre ligante e proteína
Authors: Macedo Eduardo Hernany Pantoja de , Guariero Fernando Loza , Paiva Cristian Lucas Oliveira , Cunha Lucas Marques da , Zanchi Fernando Berton
Published: October 2024

Um dos ensaios in silico mais utilizados na prospecção de fármacos é o Virtual Screening por docking molecular. Nesta abordagem, os candidatos a fármacos são encaixados em regiões especificas da macromolécula, normalmente num sítio ativo ou de ligação de uma proteína. Independente do receptor ou das moléculas selecionadas, é necessário estabelecer uma métrica para dizer se a molécula será ou não uma candidata a fármaco. A métrica mais robusta é a energia de ligação, medida em kcal/mol ou kJ/mol, de um ligante muito bem encaixado no sítio de ligação. Esta energia é o limite para se selecionar novos candidatos. Apresentamos neste trabalho o eAutoDock, uma ferramenta Web capaz de calcular a energia de ligação de uma pequena molécula em sua posição origiral, sem movê-la ou transformá-la. O eAutoDock foi desenvolvido utilizando Python e Django, integrando ferramentas como Open Babel e MGLTools para a preparar e converter moléculas. O processo permite o upload de arquivos PDB e possuí função para definir automaticamente o grid de cálculo. Proteínas cristalizadas foram usadas como modelo para validar o sistema. Os resultados de redocking realizados com o AutoDock4 foram comparados com os cálculos automáticos do eAutoDock, demonstrando que o sistema consegue calcular a energia de ligação de forma precisa. O eAutoDock facilita o cálculo da energia de ligação sem a necessidade de docagem, tornando o processo mais rápido e automatizado, se mostrando precisa e prática, sendo útil para estudos de triagem virtual e docking molecular, contribuindo para a seleção eficiente de compostos candidatos a fármacos.