bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercícios terapêuticos nas desordens temporomandibulares: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Maluf Sâmia Amire , Moreno Bruno Gonçalves Dias , Alfredo Patrícia Pereira , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Rodrigues Graziela
Published: April 2012

A articulação temporomandibular faz parte do sistema estomatognático que, junto com os dentes, periodonto, coluna cervical, crânio e cintura escapular, é responsável pela mastigação, fonação, deglutição, respiração e expressão facial. Exercícios terapêuticos têm sido empregados na reabilitação e prevenção das disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM). Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura a respeito, verificando a eficácia dos exercícios terapêuticos nas DTM. Foram examinados periódicos do período entre 1991 e agosto de 2008, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed, utilizando as palavras-chave "desordem temporomandibular", "terapia por exercícios" e as correspondentes em inglês. Foram selecionados relatos de caso, artigos de revisão e ensaios clínicos com mais de 20 pacientes, num total de 53 artigos. A maioria relatou efeitos positivos na redução da dor, melhora da mobilidade e dos aspectos psicológicos, sugerindo que os exercícios podem contribuir no tratamento da DTM. Entretanto, o tipo, tempo de duração, número de repetições, freqüência e intensidade dos exercícios não está bem descrita. A falta de padronização das pesquisas, bem como da forma de avaliar, dificultam a comparação dos resultados. Mais estudos com métodos padronizados devem ser estimulados.
A nova "Era Dunga": o treinador como um dispositivo
Authors: Freitas Gustavo da Silva , Rigo Luiz Carlos , Silva Méri Rosane Santos da
Published: April 2012

A Copa do Mundo é o evento futebolístico de maior protagonismo junto aos meios de comunicação. Neste sentido este artigo tem como objetivo central fazer uma análise sobre os discursos produzidos por uma parte da imprensa esportiva brasileira sobre a atuação de Dunga como treinador da Seleção Brasileira de Futebol. Fazendo uso da análise de discurso, no sentido que a utiliza Michel Foucault, analisou-se uma série de discursos publicados em diferentes veículos midiáticos (jornais, televisão, sites, revistas) no período compreendido entre os anos de 2006 ao início 2009. A conclusão do estudo mostra a existência de movimentos de resistência que a imprensa esportiva brasileira teve ao nome de Dunga. Destaca-se também o fato de Dunga representar outro perfil de técnico, referendando prioritariamente em seu capital de ex- jogador.
Determinação da carga de treino nos exercícios supino e rosca bíceps em mulheres jovens
Authors: Pinto Ronei Silveira , Félix Daniel , Cadore Eduardo Lusa , Cardoso Marcelo
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a força máxima dinâmica (1RM) nos exercícios supino e rosca scott, e relacioná-la com a massa corporal total (MCT) e com a massa corporal magra (MCM), bem como avaliar o número máximo de repetições em diferentes percentuais de 1RM. Onze mulheres (24 ± 1,4 anos) foram submetidas à avaliação da composição corporal, testes de 1RM e testes de repetições máximas em 50, 60, 70 e 80% de 1RM. No tratamento dos dados, foram utilizados a regressão linear múltipla, a ANOVA para medidas repetidas e o teste t pareado. A MCM é a variável que melhor explica a variância de 1RM, podendo ser utilizada para a determinação de um coeficiente para a estimativa da carga de treino. Houve diferenças significativas entre os números de repetições em todos os percentuais e em ambos os exercícios [(supino (p=0,000) e rosca scott (p=0,000)], sendo esses números progressivamente menores com o incremento da carga.
Análise isocinética da articulação do cotovelo em crianças com paralisia cerebral
Authors: Franciulli Patrícia Martins , Souza Flávia de Andrade e , Bigongiari Aline , Mochizuki Luis , Araújo Rubens Correa
Published: April 2012

A quantidade de torque aplicado na articulação é uma medida de aptidão física importante para crianças com paralisia cerebral. O presente estudo analisou parâmetros cinéticos na articulação do cotovelo em crianças saudáveis e com paralisia cerebral. Participaram 10 crianças com paralisia cerebral e 10 crianças sem comprometimento neurológico. Avaliou-se a média do pico de torque, média do ângulo do pico de torque, coeficiente de variação do torque e aceleração angular do movimento de flexo-extensão do cotovelo nas velocidades com um dinamômetro isocinético. A média de pico de torque (extensão), aceleração (flexão) e coeficiente de variação (flexão e extensão) são diferentes entre grupos. Conclui-se que o torque e aceleração sofreram interferências no movimento de flexo-extensão; as principais diferenças encontradas foram entre os extremos das velocidades; não houve diferenças no ângulo do pico de torque. A espasticidade não interferiu na força dos músculos agonistas do movimento de flexão da articulação do cotovelo.
Satisfação corporal em acadêmicos de Educação Física: proposta de um questionário
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Sacomori Cinara , Sperandio Fabiana Flores , Krüger Ana Paula
Published: April 2012

A satisfação corporal pode ser dimensionada em: imagem corporal, satisfação com o peso e catexia corporal. Avaliou-se a satisfação corporal de 302 acadêmicos de Educação Física e sugeriu-se um questionário. Os estudantes se consideraram de médio a muito satisfeitos com seus corpos. Os homens apresentaram maiores médias para: "quanto acha seu corpo proporcional" e "quanto está satisfeito com seu corpo". Já as mulheres para: "quanto olha seu corpo no espelho", "quanto toca o corpo de forma geral", "quanto percebe que os outros acham sexy" e "quanto gostaria de ser mais magra". A análise fatorial confirmou o modelo e obteve-se α=,757.
Comparação de indicadores físicos e fisiológicos entre atletas profissionais de futsal e futebol
Authors: Nunes Renan Felipe Hartmann , Almeida Flávia Angélica Martins , Santos Bruno Vinícius , Almeida Fabrícia Daniela Martins , Nogas Gustavo , Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed , Krinski Kleverton , Silva Sergio Gregório da
Published: April 2012

Muitos profissionais do esporte periodizam o treinamento do futebol e do futsal de forma semelhante. Todavia, pouco se conhece das respostas físicas e fisiológicas dos atletas de futsal. Esse estudo comparou perfil antropométrico, capacidade aeróbia e produção de potência entre atletas profissionais de futsal e futebol. Onze jogadores de futsal (idade 24,1±2,4anos) e 21 jogadores de futebol (idade 22,6±3,6anos) do sexo masculino submeteram-se a duas sessões experimentais: (I) avaliação antropométrica, teste de esforço máximo em esteira e (II) teste de velocidade de 30 metros (capacidade de sprint repetido, CSR). Empregou-se teste t para amostras independentes, permitindo verificar possíveis diferenças entre as modalidades (p<0,05). Comparados aos atletas de futebol, os jogadores de futsal apresentaram, respectivamente, maiores valores de FC LV (177,2±10 e 167,1±10,8 bpm); VO2max, VO2LV e %VO2max (62,5±4,3 e 52,1±4,6; 58,7±5,6 e 43,1±4,6; 93,9±5,3 e 76±8,4 ml·kg-1·min-1). Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de métodos específicos para treinamento do futsal e futebol.
Age-Related Differences in Goals: Testing Predictions from Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Authors: Penningroth Suzanna L. , Scott Walter D.
Published: April 2012

Two prominent theories of lifespan development, socioemotional selectivity theory and selection, optimization, and compensation theory, make similar predictions for differences in the goal representations of younger and older adults. Our purpose was to test whether the goals of younger and older adults differed in ways predicted by these two theories. Older adults and two groups of younger adults (college students and non-students) listed their current goals, which were then coded by independent raters. Observed age group differences in goals generally supported both theories. Specifically, when compared to younger adults, older adults reported more goals focused on maintenance/loss prevention, the present, emotion-focus and generativity, and social selection, and less goals focused on knowledge acquisition and the future. However, contrary to prediction, older adults also showed less goal focusing than younger adults, reporting goals from a broader set of life domains (e.g., health, property/possessions, friendship).
A Generational Comparison of Social Networking Site Use: The Influence of Age and Social Identity
Authors: Barker Valerie
Published: April 2012

An online survey ( N = 256) compared social networking site (SNS) use among younger (millennial: 18–29) and older (baby-boomer: 41–64) subscribers focusing on the influence of collective self-esteem and group identity on motives for SNS use. Younger participants reported higher positive collective self-esteem, social networking site use for peer communication, and social compensation. Regardless of age, participants reporting high collective self-esteem and group identity were more likely to use social networking sites for peer communication and social identity gratifications, while those reporting negative collective self-esteem were more likely to use social networking sites for social compensation. The theoretical implications of the strong relationship between social identity gratifications and social compensation are discussed.
Transthyretin Amyloidosis and the Kidney
Authors: Lobato Luísa , Rocha Ana
Published: April 2012

The amyloidoses are protein-misfolding disorders associated with progressive organ dysfunction. Immunoglobulin light chain is the most common, amyloid A the longest recognized, and transthyretin-associated amyloidosis (ATTR) the most frequent inherited systemic form. Although ATTR, an autosomal-dominant disease, is associated with at least 100 different transthyretin (TTR) mutations, the single amino-acid substitution of methionine for valine at position 30 is the most common mutation. Each variant has a different organ involvement, although clinical differences attributed to environmental and genetic factors exist within the same mutation. Peripheral neuropathy and cardiomyopathy are broadly described, and insights into disease reveal that kidney impairment and proteinuria are also clinical features. This review combines clinical and laboratory findings of renal involvement from the main geographic regions of disease occurrence and for different mutations of TTR. Fifteen nephropathic variants have been described, but the TTR V30M mutation is the best documented. Nephropathy affects patients with late-onset neuropathy, low penetrance in the family, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Microalbuminuria can be the disorder’s first presentation, even before the onset of neuropathy. Amyloid renal deposits commonly occur, even in the absence of urinary abnormalities. The experience with renal replacement therapy is based on hemodialysis, which is associated with poor survival. Because TTR is synthesized mainly in the liver, liver transplantation has been considered an acceptable treatment; simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation is recommended to avoid recurrence of nephropathy. In addition, the kidney-safety profile of new drugs in development may soon be available.
Use of Postoperative Creatinine to Predict Sustained Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Mesothelioma Surgery
Authors: Mizuguchi K. Annette , Mitani Aya , Waikar Sushrut S. , Ireland Peter , Panizales Christia , Deluke Gretchen , Sugarbaker David J. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Frendl Gyorgy
Published: April 2012

Background and objectives

AKI leads to increased morbidity and mortality and progression to chronic kidney injury is a frequent consequence of AKI. Surgical treatment of mesothelioma is associated with increased risk for kidney injury. However, sustained kidney injury may limit therapeutic options for treating residual cancer. This study hypothesized that patients with significant serum creatinine (sCr) elevation within 48 hours of surgery would be at risk for sustained kidney injury. The goal was to determine the best acute sCr measure predictive of sustained kidney injury defined as a 50% increase in sCr from baseline measured 2–4 weeks after surgery.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a prospective, observational cohort of surgical patients with mesothelioma, receiver operator characteristic curves were generated for the 24- and 48-hour absolute difference and relative sCr change over baseline in the derivation cohort (n=279). The prediction was tested in a validation cohort (n=207). The ability of various other AKI definitions to predict sustained kidney injury was evaluated.

Results

Sustained kidney injury occurred in 9.8% of patients in the derivation cohort. A ≥59% increase in sCr 48 hours after surgery was most predictive of sustained kidney injury (c statistic=0.78). Among other AKI definitions, a sCr increase of 0.3 mg/dl in 24 hours or 0.5 mg/dl increase in 48 hours (Waikar and Bonventre criteria) also reliably predicted sustained kidney injury.

Conclusions

Development of clinically significant sustained kidney injury can be predicted by acute postoperative sCr elevation in patients treated for mesothelioma.
Family Support, Medication Adherence, and Glycemic Control Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mayberry Lindsay S. , Osborn Chandra Y.
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE

We used a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationships between participants’ perceptions of family members’ diabetes self-care knowledge, family members’ diabetes-specific supportive and nonsupportive behaviors, and participants’ medication adherence and glycemic control (A1C).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Adults with type 2 diabetes participated in focus group sessions that discussed barriers and facilitators to diabetes management (n = 45) and/or completed surveys (n = 61) to collect demographic information, measures of diabetes medication adherence, perceptions of family members’ diabetes self-care knowledge, and perceptions of family members’ diabetes-specific supportive and nonsupportive behaviors. Most recent A1C was extracted from the medical record.

RESULTS

Perceiving family members were more knowledgeable about diabetes was associated with perceiving family members performed more diabetes-specific supportive behaviors, but was not associated with perceiving family members performed fewer nonsupportive behaviors. Perceiving family members performed more nonsupportive behaviors was associated with being less adherent to one’s diabetes medication regimen, and being less adherent was associated with worse glycemic control. In focus groups, participants discussed family member support and gave examples of family members who were informed about diabetes but performed sabotaging or nonsupportive behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

Participant reports of family members’ nonsupportive behaviors were associated with being less adherent to one’s diabetes medication regimen. Participants emphasized the importance of instrumental help for diabetes self-care behaviors and reported that nonsupportive family behaviors sabotaged their efforts to perform these behaviors. Interventions should inform family members about diabetes and enhance their motivation and behavioral skills around not interfering with one's diabetes self-care efforts.
Synthesis and characterization of structural and luminescence properties of blue — green BaAlxOy:Eu2+ phosphor by solution — combustion method
Authors: Dejene Francis , Kebede Mesfin
Published: April 2012

Europium-doped barium aluminate (BaAlxOy:Eu2+) phosphors were obtained at low temperatures (500°C) using the solution — combustion of corresponding metal nitrate-urea solution mixtures. The particle size and morphology and the structural and luminescent properties of the synthesized phosphors were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that the change in Ba: Al molar ratios showed greatly influence not only on the particle size and morphology, but also on their PL spectra and crystalline structure. The structure of BaAlxOy nanophosphors changes from a hexagonal Ba2Al10O17 phase for samples with 6:100 molar ratios to a hexagonal BaAl2O4 one with an increase in Ba content. The peak of the emission band occurs at a longer wavelength (around 615 nm) with a decrease in Ba concentration but displays a broad blue-green emission band composed from two emissions with the maximum at 495 and 530nm coming from Eu2+ in two sites for increasing Ba content. The blue-green emission is probably due to the influence of 5d electron states of Eu2+ in the crystal field because of atomic size variation causing crystal defects while the red emission is due to f - f transitions. These findings clearly demonstrate the possibility of fine tuning the colour emission.
Einstein-Hopf drag, Doppler shift of thermal radiation and blackbody drag: Three perspectives on quantum friction
Authors: Łach Grzegorz , DeKieviet Maarten , Jentschura Ulrich
Published: April 2012

The thermal friction force acting on an atom moving relative to a thermal photon bath has recently been calculated on the basis of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic field give rise to a drag force on an atom provided one allows for dissipation of the field energy via spontaneous emission. The drag force exists if the atomic polarizability has a nonvanishing imaginary part. Here, we explore alternative derivations. The damping of the motion of a simple harmonic oscillator is described by radiative reaction theory (result of Einstein and Hopf), taking into account the known stochastic fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Describing the excitations of the atom as an ensemble of damped harmonic oscillators, we identify the previously found expressions as generalizations of the Einstein-Hopf result. In addition, we present a simple explanation for blackbody friction in terms of a Doppler shift of the thermal radiation in the inertial frame of the moving atom: The atom absorbs blue-shifted photons from the front and radiates off energy in all directions, thereby losing energy. The original plus the two alternative derivations provide for additional confirmation of an intriguing quantum friction effect, and leave no doubt regarding its existence.
Baryon and electric charge fluctuations at crossover
Authors: Skokov Vladimir
Published: April 2012

We discuss the higher order cumulants of net-baryon and electric charge fluctuations as a probe of the QCD crossover. The sensitivity of the higher order cumulants in the hadron resonance gas model to an inclusion of repulsive interactions is also considered.
Any ℓ-state solutions of the Eckart potential via asymptotic iteration method
Authors: Falaye Babatunde
Published: April 2012

The asymptotic iteration method is employed to calculate the any ℓ-state solutions of the Schrödinger equation with the Eckart potential by proper approximation of the centrifugal term. Energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are obtain explicitly. The energy eigenvalues are calculated numerically for some values of ℓ and n. Our results are in excellent agreement with the findings of other methods for short potential ranges.
Cholesteric pitch-transitions induced by a magnetic field in a sample containing incomplete number of pitches
Authors: Lelidis Ioannis , Barbero Giovanni , Scarfone Antonio
Published: April 2012

We investigate the pitch transitions induced by an external bulk field in a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal slab of finite thickness ℓ that contains an incomplete number of π-twists. The analysis is performed for a magnetic field that is (i) perpendicular to the helical axis, and (ii) tilted with respect to one of the easy directions imposed by planar and rigid boundary conditions. For finite ℓ we obtain a cascade of transitions, where the bulk expels a half-pitch at a time with increasing field to avoid divergences in the elastic energy. The dependence of the threshold magnetic field inducing the expulsion on the easy axes twist angle δ is investigated for all the cascade of pitch transitions and in particular for the final one, corresponding to the Cholesteric-Nematic transition. In the ℓ → ∞ limit this dependence disappears and we reobtain the results of de Gennes for an infinite sample.
Model study on steady heat capacity in driven stochastic systems
Authors: Pešek Jiří , Boksenbojm Eliran , Netočný Karel
Published: April 2012

We explore two- and three-state Markov models driven out of thermal equilibrium by non-potential forces, to demonstrate basic properties of the steady heat capacity based on the concept of quasistatic excess heat. It is shown that large enough driving forces can make the steady heat capacity negative. For both the low- and high-temperature regimes we propose an approximative thermodynamic scheme in terms of “dynamically renormalized” effective energy levels.
Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children: predictive factors and outcome
Authors: Coccia Paola , Ruggiero Antonio , Attinà Giorgio , Cerchiara Giuseppe , Battista Andrea , Arena Roberta , Scalzone Maria , Puma Nadia , Ridola Vita , Riccardi Riccardo
Published: April 2012

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in children. In 20% of cases, this condition is classified as chronic when the thrombocytopenia is persistent 6 months after diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to identify the potential factors correlating with a favorable outcome in patients with chronic ITP. Some 71 patients affected by ITP were retrospectively analyzed. Results show a higher rate of spontaneous recovery that is statistically significant for patients with platelet count at diagnosis <20,000/µL. These observations suggest the possibility to delay or avoid aggressive surgical treatment for these patients.
Ascites with no fluid in Morison’s pouch?
Authors: Marjanovic Zoran , Vacic Nikola , Dobanovacki Dusanka , Slavkovic Andjelka
Published: April 2012

Omental cysts are the least common cystic lesions of the abdomen. Large intraabdominal cysts can mimic ascites. The incidence of 1 in 20000 pediatric hospital admissions makes them hard to diagnose. We report a three year-old boy with accidentally discovered intraperitoneal fluid collection on ultrasonography. The patient was scheduled for operative treatment with working diagnosis of ascites, but finding of no fluid in Morison’s pouch brought to massive cystic intraabdominal lesion as differential diagnosis. The cyst was emptied; altered parts of the greater omentum were completely excised. Final pathology confirmed lymphangioma. Explorative laparotomy led to correct diagnosis and proper surgical treatment.
A child with EEC syndrome — a 10 years follow-up
Authors: Machorowska-Pieniążek Agnieszka , Muc-Wierzgoń Małgorzata , Baron Stefan , Kokot Teresa , Fatyga Edyta
Published: April 2012

Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft (EEC) syndrome is a rare congenital disease, occurring in 7 per 10,000 live newborns. It runs in families as an inherited autosomal dominant; it can also occur spontaneously as a point missense mutation in the DNA-binding domain of the p63 transcription factor (TP63) gene. Clinical diagnosis of a complete EEC syndrome involves a patient who presents with ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and/or palate. This paper presents outcome of 10 years of interdisciplinary therapy for an EEC child with special consideration of the facial presentation of the disease. The management of cases of EEC syndrome requires multidisciplinary action because of the great variability in clinical expression. In an individual patient, treatment should be based on clinical findings and symptoms. Early interdisciplinary therapy will allow a patient with EEC syndrome to reinstate oral functions, satisfactory appearance, and social integration.
Thalidomide-induced phocomelia: “An old wound that still hurts”
Authors: Perdikakis Evangelos
Published: April 2012

A case of a female patient with thalidomide-induced phocomelia and additional dermal complications associated with the prosthesis itself is presented herein.
Human adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats via femoral intravenous injection
Authors: Yang Kuo-Liang , Lee Jiunn-Tat , Pang Cheng-Yoong , Lee Ting-Yi , Chen Shee-Ping , Liew Hock-Kean , Chen Shin-Yuan , Chen Tzu-Yung , Lin Py-Yu
Published: April 2012

Human adipose-derived stem cells (huADSC) were generated from fat tissue of a 65-year-old male donor. Flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses indicated that the huADSC express neural cell proteins (MAP2, GFAP, nestin and β-III tubulin), neurotrophic growth factors (BDNF and GDNF), and the chemotactic factor CXCR4 and its corresponding ligand CXCL12. In addition, huADSC expressed the characteristic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and HLA class I. The huADSC were employed, via a right femoral vein injection, to treat rats inflicted with experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Behavioral measurement on the experimental animals, seven days after the huADSC therapy, showed a significant functional improvement in the rats with stem cell therapy in comparison with rats of the control group without the stem cell therapy. The injected huADSC were detectable in the brains of the huADSC treated rats as determined by histochemistry analysis, suggesting a role of the infused huADSC in facilitating functional recovery of the experimental animals with ICH induced stroke.
High velocity impact on composite link of aircraft wing flap mechanism
Authors: Heimbs Sebastian , Lang Holger , Havar Tamas
Published: April 2012

This paper describes the numerical investigation of the mechanical behaviour of a structural component of an aircraft wing flap support impacted by a wheel rim fragment. The support link made of composite materials was modelled in the commercial finite element code Abaqus/Explicit, incorporating intralaminar and interlaminar failure modes by adequate material models and cohesive interfaces. Validation studies were performed step by step using quasi-static tensile test data and low velocity impact test data. Finally, high velocity impact simulations with a metallic rim fragment were performed for several load cases involving different impact angles, impactor rotation and pre-stress. The numerical rim release analysis turned out to be an efficient approach in the development process of such composite structures and for the identification of structural damage and worst case impact loading scenarios.
Damage Detection of A T-Shaped Panel by Wave Propagation Analysis in the Plane Stress / Wykrywanie Uszkodzen W Tarczy Typu T Z Uzyciem Analizy Propagacji Fal W Płaskim Stanie Naprezenia
Authors: Rucka M. , Witkowski W. , Chróscielewski J. , Wilde K.
Published: April 2012

A computational approach to analysis of wave propagation in plane stress problems is presented. The initial-boundary value problem is spatially approximated by the multi-node C0 displacement-based isoparametric quadrilateral finite elements. To integrate the element matrices the multi-node Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto quadrature rule is employed. The temporal discretization is carried out by the Newmark type algorithm reformulated to accommodate the structure of local element matrices. Numerical simulations are conducted for a T-shaped steel panel for different cases of initial excitation. For diagnostic purposes, the uniformly distributed loads subjected to an edge of the T-joint are found to be the most appropriate for design of ultrasonic devices for monitoring the structural element integrity
Dynamic Analysis of Damaged Masonry Building Repaired with the Flexible Joint Method / Analiza Dynamiczna Uszkodzonego Murowanego Budynku Naprawionego Z Zastosowaniem Polimerowego Złacza Podatnego
Authors: Kwiecien A. , Kubon P.
Published: April 2012

The paper presents a dynamic analysis of the damaged masonry building repaired with the Flexible Joint Method. Numerical analysis helped to determine the effect of the applied repairing method on natural frequencies as well as values of stresses and accelerations in the analyzed variants of numerical model. They confirmed efficiency of the proposed repair method
Ann-Based Modelling of Fly Ash Compaction Curve / Modelowanie Krzywej Zageszczalnosci Popiołu Lotnego Za Pomoca Ssn
Authors: Zabielska-Adamska K. , Sulewska M. J.
Published: April 2012

The use of fly ash as a material for earth structures involves its proper compaction. Fly ash compaction tests have to be conducted on separately prepared virgin samples because spherical ash grains are crushed during compaction, so the laboratory compaction procedure is time-consuming and laborious. The aim of the study was to determine the neural models for prediction of fly ash compaction curve shapes. The attempt of applying the artificial neural networks type MLP was made. ANN inputs were new-created variables - principal components dependent on grain-size distribution (as D10-D90 and uniformity and curvature coefficients), compaction method, and fly ash specific density. The output vectors were presented by co-ordinates of generated compaction curve points. Each point (wi, ρdi) was described by two independent ANNs. Using ANN-based modelling method, models which enable establishing the approximate compaction curve shape were obtained.
Modelling the Influence of Composite Stiffness on Energy Dissipation in Reinforced Composite Concrete Floors / Modelowanie Wpływu Sztywnosci Zespolenia Na Rozpraszanie Energii W Warstwie Kontaktowej Zelbetowych Stropów Zespolonych
Authors: Gromysz K.
Published: April 2012

A continuous contact layer exists between the top and bottom layer of concrete composite reinforced floors. The contact layer is characterised by linear elasticity and frictional properties. In this paper a model of single degree of freedom of composite floor is determined. The model assumes that the restoring forces and the non-conservative internal friction forces dissipating energy are produced within the contact layer. A hysteresis loop is created in the process of static loading and unloading of the model, with the energy absorption coefficient being defined on this basis. The value of the coefficient is rising along with the growing stiffness of the composite.

A critical damping ratio is a parameter describing free decaying vibration caused by non-conservative internal friction forces in the contact layer and in the bottom and top layer. The value of the ratio in the defined model is rising along with the lowering stiffness of the element representing contact layer.

The findings resulting from the theoretical analyses carried out, including the experimental tests, are the basis for the established methods of determining the concrete layer state for reinforced concrete floors. The method is based on energy dissipation in the contact layer.
The Influence of the Carbo-Glass Geogrid-Reinforcement on the Fatigue Life of the Asphalt Pavement Structure / Wpływ Zbrojenia Siatka Weglowo–Szklana Na Trwałosc Zmeczeniowa Asfaltowej Nawierzchni Drogowej
Authors: Górszczyk J. , Gaca S.
Published: April 2012

This paper describes the analyses of the fatigue life of the asphalt pavement reinforced with geogrid interlayer under traffic loading. Finite Element ANSYS package with using nCode applications, as well as macros specially designed in APDL programming script and VBA were used to model the considered problem. Our analysis included computation of stress, fatigue life, damage matrix and rainflow matrix. The method applied was the one of fatigue calculation: stress - number of cycles in short S-N. On the basis of the performed high cycle fatigue analysis, the influence of the location of the used geogrid and of its bond with asphalt layers on the fatigue life and the work of the asphalt pavement structure were determined. The study was carried out for three temperature seasons i.e. spring and fall (assumed as one season), winter and summer. The variability of the traffic conditions were taken into account by assuming weekly blocks of traffic loading. The calculations were made using the real values of loading measured in field tests on the German highways by means of HS-WIM weighing system. As a result of the performed tests, it was proved that the use of geogrid-reinforcement may prolong the fatigue life of the asphalt pavement. However, it is required that: the geogrid should be located in the tension zone as low as possible in the structure of the asphalt layers. Moreover, it is necessary to provide high stiffness of the bond between the geogrid and the asphalt layers.
Wspomnienie o Pani Profesor Barbarze Gwiazdowskiej (1927-2011)
Authors: Pawlicki Grzegorz , Chomicki Oskar , Bulski Wojciech
Published: April 2012

Wspomnienie o Pani Profesor Barbarze Gwiazdowskiej (1927-2011)
Representation Theorem for Stacks
Authors: Bancerek Grzegorz
Published: April 2012

Representation Theorem for Stacks

In the paper the concept of stacks is formalized. As the main result the Theorem of Representation for Stacks is given. Formalization is done according to [13].
Development of Aspect and Tense in Semitic Languages: Typological Considerations
Authors: Bubenik Vit
Published: April 2012

Development of Aspect and Tense in Semitic Languages: Typological Considerations

A survey of pertinent literature reveals that many studies of aspect in Semitic languages do not pay a due attention to the crucial theoretical distinction of perfect and perfectivity. In this paper I will adopt the ‘chronogenetic' model of the morphosyntactic development of tense and aspect tested for the Indo-European languages (Hewson & Bubenik 1997) that allows five major aspectual categories to be distinguished (prospective, inceptive, imperfective, perfective, perfect) within ‘Event Time’. I will argue that the appearance in Arabic of the analytic double-finite perfect (of the typekun-tu katab-tu‘I had written’) was the most significant innovation during the New Stage not to be found in the other Central Semitic languages. During the Middle Stage in Mishnaic Hebrew and Middle Aramaic the canonical progressive aspect was paradigmatized while Classical Arabic created its double-finite counterpart (kān-a ya-ktub-u‘he was writing’). The significance of this approach to the study of the universals of tense and aspect will be evaluated.
Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages:  of lag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu
Authors: Hook Peter
Published: April 2012

Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages:  of lag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu

This paper examines possible motivations for departures from canonical clause-final word order observed for the finite verb in Hindi-Urdu and other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Depiction of speaker attitude in Premchand's novel godān and the imperatives of journalistic style in TV newscasts are shown to be prime factors. The emergence of V-2 word-order in Kashmiri and other Himalayan languages may have had a parallel history.
The Case of Interactive Metaphor
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: April 2012

The Case of Interactive Metaphor

The author analyses the limits of metamorphosis, i.e. possibility of an utterance with idiomatic or non-conventional, disturbing selection requirements of syntagmatic components being considered as metaphorical. The phenomena of metaphor and metonymy are interpreted from the point of view of condensation of surface structure of a sentence, as well as from the point of view of intentional semantics. The author presents elements of metaphor theory as a pragmatic re-codification, treating metaphor as a kind of "multi-vocality" or an intertext.
Survey of Factors Influencing Faculty Decisions on International Veterinary Work
Authors: Renberg Walter C. , White Brad J.
Published: April 2012

Faculty members at US colleges of veterinary medicine can encounter opportunities to work as a veterinarian in a foreign country. Institutions, governments, and other organizations can more effectively recruit faculty for these positions if they understand the characteristics of the individuals who are most likely to participate in these programs. The purpose of this study was to determine what characteristics influence veterinary faculty's desire to participate in foreign programs. Results illustrated that position type (tenure, clinical), rank (assistant professor, associate professor, full professor), gender, and the presence of pre-elementary aged children were significantly associated with willingness to work in a foreign country. In addition, survey respondents who indicated that the duration of the assignment was of high importance were less willing to travel than respondents who indicated that the duration of the assignment was of moderate importance or lower. The results from this survey provide important information about the characteristics of individuals more willing to participate in foreign programs. This information allows targeted recruiting by organizations, facilitating veterinary work in foreign countries.
Student Perceptions of an Animal-Welfare and Ethics Course Taught Early in the Veterinary Curriculum
Authors: Abood Sarah K. , Siegford Janice M.
Published: April 2012

Animal welfare and veterinary ethics are two subjects that have been acknowledged as necessary for inclusion in the veterinary curriculum. In fact, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education has mandated that veterinary ethics be taught to all students in US veterinary colleges. Animal welfare was recently included in the US veterinarian's oath, and AVMA established a committee to create a model curriculum on the subject. At US veterinary colleges, the number of animal-welfare courses has more than doubled from five in 2004 to more than 10 in 2011. How and what is taught with regard to these two subjects may be as important as whether they are taught at all, and a variety of approaches and varying amounts and types of content are currently being offered on them. At Michigan State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, students were introduced to animal welfare and veterinary ethics during their first semester in a mandatory two-credit course. To assess their perception of the course, students completed an online evaluation at the end of the semester. Most students found the course to be challenging and effective and felt that they improved their ability to identify and discuss ethical dilemmas.
Attitudes of Australian and Turkish Veterinary Faculty toward Animal Welfare
Authors: İzmirli Serdar , Phillips Clive J.C.
Published: April 2012

The attitudes of veterinary faculty toward animal welfare were surveyed in four Australian and three Turkish veterinary schools. The former were considered to be typical of modern Western schools, with a faculty of more than 40% women and a primary focus on companion animals, whereas the latter were considered to represent more traditional veterinary teaching establishments, with a faculty of 88% men and a primary focus on livestock. A total of 116 faculty responded to the survey (42 Australian and 74 Turkish faculty members), for response rates of 30% and 33%, respectively. This survey included demographic questions as well as questions about attitudes toward animal-welfare issues. Women were more concerned than men about animal-welfare issues, especially the use of animals in experiments, zoos, entertainment, and sports and for food and clothing. Total scores demonstrated different concerns among Turkish and Australian faculty. The study demonstrates that the veterinary faculty of these two countries have different concerns for animal welfare, concerns that should be acknowledged in considering the welfare attitudes that students may adopt.
Evaluation of a Dental Model for Training Veterinary Students
Authors: Lumbis Rachel H. , Gregory Susan P. , Baillie Sarah
Published: April 2012

Periodontal disease has deleterious effects on an animal's health and potentially serious implications for its welfare. Consequently, veterinarians frequently perform routine periodontal treatment in small-animal practice. One would therefore assume that small-animal dentistry would constitute a core component of a veterinary curriculum. However, most practitioners received little or no formal training in dentistry during their veterinary degrees, and the amount of instruction students currently receive is variable, often with limited opportunities to practice. At the Royal Veterinary College, a prototype dental model was developed to address the lack of practical training; it was made using ceramic tiles, silicone sealant, and grout to emulate teeth, gingiva, and calculus, respectively. A study was conducted with third-year veterinary students to compare the outcomes of learning to perform a professional dental cleaning using a model (group A) or a video (group B). Performance was assessed using an objective structured clinical examination. Students in group A scored significantly better than those in group B (p<.001). All students also completed a questionnaire evaluating attitudes toward the use of a dental model in learning dentistry-related skills. All students identified a model as a potentially valuable learning tool to supplement existing teaching methods and facilitate the acquisition of small-animal dentistry skills. The dental model has the potential to equip students with useful, practical skills in a safe and risk-free environment.
Training Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine by Collaborative Development of Critically Appraised Topics
Authors: Arlt Sebastian P. , Haimerl Peggy , Heuwieser Wolfgang
Published: April 2012

In current veterinary education, skills such as retrieving, critically appraising, interpreting, and applying the results of published scientific studies are rarely taught. In this study, the authors tested the concept of team-based development of critically appraised topics (CATs) in training students in evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM). The 116 participants were in their fifth year and attending the clinical rotation at the Clinic for Animal Reproduction. Students developed 18 CATs of varying quality on topics of their choice. Preparing the CATs in teams stimulated discussion on the topic and the quality of the retrieved papers. Evaluation of the project revealed that more than 90% of the students endorsed training in critical appraisal of information in veterinary education. In addition, more than 90% considered the development of CATs an effective exercise for assessing the quality of scientific literature. A provided literature evaluation form was perceived as a useful tool for systematically summarizing a publication's quality. In conclusion, team-based development of CATs during clinical rotations is highly valuable for training in EBVM. Learning and intrinsic motivation seem to be enhanced by creating a situation similar to veterinary practice because the task is embedded into an authentic clinical problem. This approach to clinical training helps to prepare students to integrate evidence from literature into practice.
Increased Level of IFN-γ and IL-4 Spot-Forming Cells on ELISPOT Assay as Biomarkers for Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Concurrent Infections
Authors: Hirayama Masahiro , Azuma Eiichi , Komada Yoshihiro
Published: April 2012

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Infections may coexist and in certain circumstances aggravate aGVHD. It was described that type 1 as well as type 2 cytokines are important mediators of aGVHD. We measured spot-forming cells (SFCs) for interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-17 in unstimulated peripheral blood from 80 patients with hematological disorders who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay that reflects the ongoing in vivo immune status. A serial monitoring showed that both type 1 and type 2 cytokine SFCs were correlated with aGVHD activity. The numbers of IFN-γ and IL-4 SFCs in patients with grade II-IV aGVHD were significantly higher than those in patients with grade 0 and/or I aGVHD. Elevation of IFN-γ and IL-4 SFCs was significantly correlated with the severity of aGVHD, but not with infection itself, e.g., cytomegalovirus infection. Cytokine SFCs are clinically relevant biomarkers for the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of aGVHD and concurrent infection.
Intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes in the extragynoecial compitum and its contribution to fruit set in an apocarpous species, Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae)
Authors: Du Wei , Wang Xiao‐Fan
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Apocarpous plants possess carpels that are separated in the gynoecium. Extragynoecial compita, commonly occurring in basal angiosperms, have been proposed to have the potential to increase offspring quantity in apocarpous species through the intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes. To date, the impact of an extragynoecial compitum on fruit or seed set has not been studied in any species. This study investigated the pollen tube pathway between adjacent carpels and its contribution to fruit set in Schisandra sphenanthera.

• Methods: We investigated the fruit set ratio in the field and collected hundreds of gynoecia at their full flowering stage. Pollinated carpel ratio and pollen tube pathway observations were performed using fluorescence optics.

• Key results: Pollen grains germinated and tubes extended along the pseudostyle surface. Some of them turned and entered the ovules at the end of the stigmatic crest, whereas others subsequently grew into neighboring carpels through promontory connections located at the base of the unfused carpels. No tubes were found growing on the surface of the receptacle. More than 24 carpels could be fertilized by pollen tubes from one carpel through hand pollination. The pollinated carpel ratio was significantly lower than the fruit set ratio under natural conditions.

• Conclusions: Pollen tubes from one carpel can easily cross in the extragynoecial compitum between the adjacent carpels of S. sphenanthera, and this intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes can significantly increase the fruit set of apocarpous species, at least in S. sphenanthera.
Growth responses, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen isotopes of prairie legumes in response to elevated temperature and varying nitrogen source in a growth chamber experiment
Authors: Whittington Heather R. , Deede Laura , Powers Jennifer S.
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the Study: Because legumes can add nitrogen (N) to ecosystems through symbiotic fixation, they play important roles in many plant communities, such as prairies and grasslands. However, very little research has examined the effect of projected climate change on legume growth and function. Our goal was to study the effects of temperature on growth, nodulation, and N chemistry of prairie legumes and determine whether these effects are mediated by source of N.

• Methods: We grew seedlings of Amorpha canescens, Dalea purpurea, Lespedeza capitata, and Lupinus perennis at 25/20°C (day/night) or 28/23°C with and without rhizobia and mineral N in controlled‐environment growth chambers. Biomass, leaf area, nodule number and mass, and shoot N concentration and δ15N values were measured after 12 wk of growth.

• Key Results: Both temperature and N‐source affected responses in a species‐specific manner. Lespedeza showed increased growth and higher shoot N content at 28°C. Lupinus showed decreases in nodulation and lower shoot N concentration at 28°C. The effect of temperature on shoot N concentration occurred only in individuals whose sole N source was N2‐fixation, but there was no effect of temperature on δ15N values in these plants.

• Conclusions: Elevated temperature enhanced seedling growth of some species, while inhibiting nodulation in another. Temperature‐induced shifts in legume composition or nitrogen dynamics may be another potential mechanism through which climate change affects unmanaged ecosystems.