bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the Interpretation of Mass Spectra of the TEOS Methoxy-Transesters. Linked Scans, Accurate Mass Measurements and M+1, M+2 Isotopic Effects
Authors: Badescu Virgil
Published: August 2020

The aim of this article is the study of the fragmentation reactions of the methoxy-transesters of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), with structural formula (CH3O)x(C2H5O)ySi, initiated by electronic impact in the ionization chamber of a double focusing mass spectrometer. The initiation centers of fragmentation reactions for the neutral and ionized TEOS methoxy-transesters were established by quantum calculations of net atomic charges. The ions of the mass spectra of the TEOS methoxy-transesters were obtained experimentally by the B/E and B/E(1-E)1/2 linked scans. Thus, there can be written the fragmentation pathways for the primary events by B/E linked scan (cleavage of methoxy and ethoxy groups) and eliminations of neutral molecules (acetaldehyde, ethylene, formaldehyde, molecular hydrogen) by B/E(1-E)1/2 linked scan. Accurate mass measurements at high resolution (5000), double bond equivalent (DBE) for the molecular ions and fragmentation ions of the TEOS methoxy-transesters and M+1, M+2 isotopic effects were used to confirm their identification. The reaction pathways and accurate mass in mass spectrum of dimethoxydiethoxysilane (TR2M) are detailed.
Extraction Procedure and Cyclic Voltammetry Assay for Detection of Monosodium Glutamate from Different Processed Food Sources
Authors: Baciu Dora Domnica , Matei Andreea , Visan Teodor
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the possibility of direct electrochemical detection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) from food products by the means of cyclic voltammetry is studied. There are four types of processed food included in this study: bologna sausage, frankfurter hot dogs, hot dogs with cheese, and vegetable soup concentrate cubes. The article describes the procedure of MSG extraction from these products. The MSG (as L-glutamic acid) content was precisely determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometry kit provided by Megazyme. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were performed using three types of screen printed electrodes having carbon, gold or platinum as working electrode. The results show signal appearance for MSG, so qualitative possibility of MSG presence identification; in the case of DRP-110 carbon electrode, the linear correlation between cathodic peak current and MSG concentration suggests the possibility of optimization and use of CV for MSG determination for food industry.
The efficacy of Polyvynilpyrrolidone-Zn Gluconate and Taurine in the Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Haematological Patients
Authors: Niculita Oana Otilia , Jercan Cristina Georgiana , Radu Letitia-Elena , Varady Zsofia , Colita Anca , Tanase Alina Daniela , Colita Andrei
Published: August 2020

Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant problem in patients undergoing standard or high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for the management of haematological disorders, associated with patient morbidity and increased resource use. The OM management relies on supportive care and symptom palliation. This study evaluates the results of Polyvynilpyrrolidone-Zn gluconate and taurine (GelX� Oral Spray) in this setting. This is an observational, retrospective study, conducted on 145 paediatric and adult patients. All patients received GelX� Oral Spray as prophylaxis for OM. The research was supported by BMG Pharma S.p.A. The prevention of OM in patients treated with GelX� Oral Spray was reached in 54 patients (37.24%), 22 adults (22.22%) and 32 children (69.56%). A total number of 52 patients (35.86%) developed severe OM when GelX� was used as preventive treatment, 40 adults (40.4%) adults and 12 children (26.08%). Grade 4 OM developed in 16 patients (11.03%), 10 adults and 1 child (68.75%) had a complete remission of OM, while 3 adults and 2 children (31.25%) had partial remission. No patient had to interrupt chemo/radiotherapy due to OM. GelX� Oral Spray was considered safe, no adverse device effect or severe adverse device effect were considered related to the use of the product. This retrospective study supports prophylactic use of GelX� Oral Spray to minimize the risk of OM secondary to chemo/radiotherapy.
Relationship Between Metal Load (Selenium, Arsenic, Molybdenum) of Soil, Plant and Serum of Buffaloes
Authors: Khan Zafar Iqbal , Ahmad Kafeel , Mehmood Naunain , Fardous Asia , Yang Yongjun , Ma Jing , Ahmad Tasneem , Chen Fu , Gondal Sumaira , Wajid Kinza , Malik Ifra Saleem , Munir Mudasra , Noorka Ijza Rasool , Ullah Muhammad Fahad , Bashir Humayun , Nejam Mohammad Reza Kouhkan , Bayat Ali-Reza
Published: August 2020

Presence of hazardous minerals in three major components (soil, forage and buffalo serum) was evaluated for determining extent of metal contamination in Sargodha, Pakistan. Ten soil and forage samples for each season were taken from ten randomly selected sites. 30 grazing buffaloes of �niliravi� breed (calves, non-lactating and lactating) were also sampled randomly from these sites for collection of serum. Heavy metal quantification via atomic absorption spectrophotometry was carried out for selenium, molybdenum and arsenic. Non-significant but positive correlation was found for selenium (Se) concentrations in soil, forage and serum and molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in soil and serum. Negative correlation (p]0.05) was obtained for Mo level between forage-serum and soil-forage which was indicative of molybdenum deficiency in the soil. The results suggested that the heavy metals remained below maximum permissible levels and were non-toxic for the ruminants of the study area.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Multi-Color Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan) as an Acid-Base Indicator
Authors: Hasrudin Adin , Abidin Zaenal , Hiedayati Nurul , Prajaputra Vicky
Published: August 2020

Caesalpinia sappan L., known as sappan wood, has been extensively explored by many researchers because it contains various structural types of phenolic compounds. This study objectives are to investigate the effect of pH on the flourescent color of carbon dots (CDs) from sappan wood and its application as an acid-base indicator under UV light for the first time. CDs were synthesized through the hydrothermal route in ethanol solvents. The synthesized CDs were further characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Based on the results, CD solutions performed multiple flourescent colors (yellow, orange and green) under UV light at 365 nm when the pH was adjusted to be 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. These multiple colors were produced because of the instability of phenolic compounds in the sample, especially brazilin which was easily oxidized to brazilein in alkaline condition. According to the FT-IR spectra, the most prominent differences of the sample before and after the treatment process was observed in the peak region ranging from 1500-1700 cm-1. The characteristic band of carbonyl groups was identified at 1697 cm-1 in the treated sample (pH 9), but it was unobserved in the spectrum of sappan wood and the treated sample (pH 5). The presence of carbonyl group can be assumed that brazilin has been oxidized to brazilein after the alkaline treatment process and making the flourescent color was gradually shifted from yellow to green. Under normal light, the sappan wood�s extract and CD solution produced yellow and red colors in acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. However, only CD solutions which have yellow, orange and green emissions in different pH conditions under UV light. Therefore, the synthesized CDs can be used as an acid-base indicator in both different light conditions.
Study of The Composition, Fuel Parameter, and Triangular Graph of A Gasoline and Aqueous Ethanol Fuel Blend in a Single Phase
Authors: Sangian Hanny F. , Ibrahim Anita R. , Mosey Handy I. R. , Rombang Joshua R. , Tanauma Adey , Pasau Guntur , Tongkukut Seni H. , Sagai Fingken , Purwadi Ronny , Neonufa Godlief F. , Rorong Johnly A. , Widjaja Arief , Tuhuloula Abubakar , Thahir Ramli , Sadjab Bayu Achil , Masinambow Vecky A. J. , Sriana Tun , Furqon Zami , Agnesty Silvya Y.
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the composition and fuel parameters of a fuel blend of aqueous ethanol and gasoline, with RONs (Research Octane Numbers) of 90 and 92, called pertalite and pertamax in Indonesia, respectively. The emulsion fuel blend of gasoline and ethanol was prepared successfully, and the concentrations ranged from 80 to 98% (v/v). The steps employed in this work are as follows: first, the fermentation of sugar tapped from a palm tree (Arenga pinnata). The obtained liquor containing ethanol was distilled using a reflux still to separate ethanol and water. The purity of the ethanol obtained from the reflux process ranged from 80 to 96%, depending on the column temperature set. Ethanol solutions of 97 and 98% purities were obtained through an absorption method employing lime particles. Subsequently, aqueous ethanol was blended with gasoline manually inside a flask. It was discovered that the minimum ethanol concentration, which could be blended with pertalite to form a single-phase substance, was 80%. By using 80% ethanol in the blending process, the composition ratio of pertalite, pure ethanol, and water was recorded as 1:11.65:2.91 (in volume unit), while this was not the case with pertamax. The minimum ethanol concentration that could be blended with pertamax to form a single-phase emulsion was 88%, with a composition ratio of 1:5.91:0.81. The composition proportions of the three components with 96% ethanol were 1:0.27:0.01 (RON 90) and 1:0.41:0.02 (RON 92). It was observed that the higher the ethanol concentration, the less the amount of ethanol required for the blending process with gasoline to form a single-phase emulsion.
Optimization of Silicon Leaching for White Carbon Black Preparation from Vanadium-Extraction Residue Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Shun , Bao Shenxu , Zhang Yimin , Yuan Yizhong
Published: August 2020

Vanadium-extraction residue (VER) is rich in silicon and the high temperature and high pressure alkali leaching can be used to prepare white carbon black (WCB). The effects of the mass ratio of alkali to slag, liquid-solid ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the silica leaching ratio were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the interaction of these main leaching parameters and the final regression equation can be obtained. By using the regression equation, the leaching schemes can be designed as the maximum leaching ratio of silica was set, thereby the optimal leaching parameters also can be obtained to reduce the leaching cost. Repeated experiments showed that the optimized leaching ratio can reach 95.26% which was just lower the predicted value by 2.17%, indicating that the regression equation was reliable to be used to optimize the leaching process. The WCB product with specific surface area of 105.1 m2/g was verified by XRD and FTIR.
The Need to Develop New Antimicrobial Molecules, as Revealed by in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcal Skin Infections Treated with Autologous Bacterial Vaccine
Authors: Preda Madalina , Serbanescu Alina-Alexandra , Mihai Mara Madalina , Popa Gabriela-Loredana , Manolescu Loredana Cornelia Sabina , Popa Mircea-Ioan
Published: August 2020

Staphylococcus spp. is a facultative pathogen, which can be found in the commensal microbiota of humans, most often in moist skinfolds and mucous membranes. This microorganism has the ability to cause various infections, in almost every organ of the body, with an increased frequency in the skin and soft tissues, being involved in pathologies like acne, folliculitis, furunculosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, cellulitis, abscesses, but also in secondary infections in diseases with an altered cutaneous barrier. The prolonged evolution of these diseases and severe outcome can be influenced by various factors, most importantly being the antimicrobial resistance. We have evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, according to the Comite de l` Antibiogramme de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie recommendations, for strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from acne or different types of skin and soft tissue infections in patients recommended to receive autologous bacterial vaccine. Most frequent identified species was Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial resistance was higher for antibiotics usually used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, with interesting differences of the resistance profile for the strains isolated from patients before receiving autologous bacterial vaccine compared with the ones from individuals already treated. Another important finding was represented by the differences in the resistance profile according to the age group of the patients. The results of this study underline the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in finding new molecules and alternative therapies, the necessity of a personalized approach in medical acts and of a continuous connection between clinic and laboratory research.
MiR-504 and miR-205 May be Used to Evaluate Prognosis and Chemotherapeutic Effect of Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Le , Song Yinghui , Liu Sulai , Tang Hongying , Zhang Zhihua , Peng Chuang , Jiang O
Published: August 2020

To explore the value of miR-504 and miR-205 in evaluating the prognosis and chemo-therapeutic effect of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Ninety-six PC patients who came to our hospital from March 2015 to February 2017 were selected as the research group (RG), and 96 healthy subjects during the same period were considered as the control group (CG). Serum miR-504 and miR-205 of subjects in the two groups were detected and compared by Rt-PCR, and the miR-504 and miR-205 expression levels in serum of PC patients before and after chemotherapy were analyzed, so did the relationship between miR-504, miR-205 and prognosis of patients. The miR-504 and miR-205 expression levels in serum of PC patients were dramatically higher than those of healthy people (P[ 0.05), and the expression levels in serum of those in the chemotherapy-effective group were dramatically lower than those of those in the chemotherapy-ineffective group (P[ 0.05). Moreover, the 3-year mortality of patients with high expression of miR-504 and miR-205 was higher than that of those with low expression (P[ 0.05), and the miR-504 and miR-205 expression levels in dead patients were higher than those in living patients. miR-504 and miR-205 had high predictive value for poor prognosis of PC patients. Univariate analysis identified that their poor prognosis was related to pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree and expression of miR-504 and miR-205 (P[ 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis identified that pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree and expression of miR-504 and miR-205 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis (P[ 0.05).DLX6-AS1 is highly expressed in the serum of PC patients, and it can evaluate the chemotherapeutic effect and predict the prognosis. So, it may be used as a new target direction for evaluating the chemotherapeutic effect and predicting the prognosis of patients.
The Importance of Environmental-forest Education in Managing Information on Natural Resources
Authors: Sadowska Beata , Lulek Adam
Published: August 2020

Contemporary conditions of socially responsible economy underline the growing demand and importance ofinformation on natural resources. Care for environmental protection and shaping sustainable development is reflected inmany legal acts, documents and school textbooks in Poland. This information, through its disclosure and sharing,contributes to the dissemination of knowledge in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development, whileshaping the pro-environmental behaviour of the public. Environmental-forest education is of key importance in managinginformation on natural resources. The main purpose of this article is to (1) determine the number of activities of selectedentities conducting environmental-forest education, (2) identify the strengths and weaknesses of environmental-foresteducation, (3) propose changes determining effective management of information on natural resources usingenvironmental-forest education. The following research methods were used in the article: literary critical analysis, surveys,qualitative methods (case study), snowball method and tabular techniques for presenting results.
Age-related differences in visual encoding and response strategies contribute to spatial memory deficits
Authors: Segen Vladislava , Avraamides Marios N. , Slattery Timothy J. , Wiener Jan M.
Published: August 2020

Successful navigation requires memorising and recognising the locations of objects across different perspectives. Although these abilities rely on hippocampal functioning, which is susceptible to degeneration in older adults, little is known about the effects of ageing on encoding and response strategies that are used to recognise spatial configurations. To investigate this, we asked young and older participants to encode the locations of objects in a virtual room shown as a picture on a computer screen. Participants were then shown a second picture of the same room taken from the same (0°) or a different perspective (45° or 135°) and had to judge whether the objects occupied the same or different locations. Overall, older adults had greater difficulty with the task than younger adults although the introduction of a perspective shift between encoding and testing impaired performance in both age groups. Diffusion modelling revealed that older adults adopted a more conservative response strategy, while the analysis of gaze patterns showed an age-related shift in visual-encoding strategies with older adults attending to more information when memorising the positions of objects in space. Overall, results suggest that ageing is associated with declines in spatial processing abilities, with older individuals shifting towards a more conservative decision style and relying more on encoding target object positions using room-based cues compared to younger adults, who focus more on encoding the spatial relationships among object clusters.
FUNDING AND INVESTMENTS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES IN PAROS ISLAND
Authors: Messian Dalida , Poulaki Ioulia , Marinakos Konstantinos
Published: August 2020

Tourism development in a destination may be achieved under specific conditions and circumstances which include sufficient destination accessibility and connectivity. This paper aims to highlight the contribution of funding and investments for tourism development related to the destination’s transport infrastructure focusing on air services. Paros Island is the study case since it presents high interest due to recent funding and investments actions towards air transport sector. More specifically, Public Service Obligation (PSO) route Athens-Paros and local airport expansion, partially funded by the private sector investment action, are of high interest. Research methodology includes a secondary research of passenger traffic and hotel beds. Moreover, a primary research has been undertaken with personal interviews of tourism stakeholders of Paros Island regarding funding and investments on air services and destination’s tourism development. Findings indicate that indeed air traffic flows have been significantly increased and so does tourism figures of the island.
A Low Incidence of Mid-infrared Variability in Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Secrest Nathan J. , Satyapal Shobita
Published: August 2020

Using 8.4 yr of photometry from the AllWISE/NEOWISE multi-epoch catalogs, we compare the mid-infrared variability properties of a sample of 2197 dwarf galaxies (M
⋆ < 2 × 109
h
−2
M
☉) to a sample of 6591 more massive galaxies (M
⋆ ≥ 1010
h
−2
M
☉) matched in mid-infrared apparent magnitude. We find only two dwarf galaxies with mid-infrared variability, a factor of ∼10 less frequent than the more massive galaxies (p = 6 × 10−6), consistent with previous findings of optical variability in low-mass and dwarf galaxies using data with a similar baseline and cadence. Within the more massive control galaxy population, we see no evidence for a stellar mass dependence of mid-infrared variability, suggesting that this apparent reduction in the frequency of variable objects occurs below a stellar mass of ∼1010
h
−2
M
☉. Compared to the more massive galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in dwarf galaxies using either their mid-infrared color or optical emission-line classification are systematically missed by variability selection. Our results suggest, in agreement with previous optical studies at similar cadence, that variability selection of AGNs in dwarf galaxies is ineffective unless higher-cadence data are used.
The Relaxation of Reconnected Open Magnetic Field Lines in the Earth’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Xu Jiaying , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Jing , Ye Yudong , Chang Qing , Xu Qi
Published: August 2020

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental and important physical process that can release magnetic energy and change magnetic topology. A statistic study of reconnected magnetic field lines has been carried out by Cluster spacecraft 1 during 58 current sheet crossing events. We calculated the values of

at different distances from reconnection site to describe the loosing process of magnetic field lines. Our results suggest that current sheets in ion diffusion regions have small values of

. As the distance from reconnection site increases, the reconnected magnetic field lines relax, and subsequently have relatively large values of

. However, such large values of

are found to be closely related to open magnetic field lines that connect the Earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind.
An Equation of State for Magnetized Neutron Star Matter and Tidal Deformation in Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Patra N. K. , Malik Tuhin , Sen Debashree , Jha T. K. , Mishra Hiranmaya
Published: August 2020

We derive an equation of state (EOS) for magnetized charge-neutral nuclear matter relevant for a neutron star (NS). The calculations are performed within an effective chiral model based on the generalization of the σ model with nonlinear self-interactions of the σ mesons along with the ρ−σ cross-coupling term. This model is extended by introducing the contributions of a strong magnetic field on the charged particles. The contributions arising from the effects of the magnetic field on the Dirac sea of charged baryons are also included. The resulting EOS for the magnetized dense matter is used to investigate the NS properties like its mass, radius, and tidal deformability. The magnitude of the magnetic field at the core of the NS considered here is in the range of 1015–1018 G, for which the relative deformation from spherical symmetry turns out to be less than 1%, giving a post facto justification for the spherically symmetric treatment of the NS structure. The dimensionless tidal deformability Λ1.4 is 526 for an NS with mass 1.4 M
⊙, which is consistent with the recent observation of GW 170817. The maximum mass of the NS in the presence of a strong magnetic field is consistent with the observational constraints on the mass of the pulsar PSR J0348–0432, and its radius at a mass of 1.4 M
⊙ is also in agreement with the empirical bounds.
Ultradense Gas at the Dusty Torus Scale in a Partially Obscured Quasar
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Zhou Hongyan , Hao Lei , Shi Xiheng , Zhang Shaohua , Ji Tuo , Sun Luming , Dai Xuejie
Published: August 2020

We present detailed studies of the partially obscured quasar 2MASS J151653.23+190048.2 with continuous broadband spectrophotometry from near-infrared (NIR) through optical to ultraviolet (UV). The NIR and optical spectra show strong broad emission lines, while the UV spectrum is dominated by a set of rich intermediate-width emission lines (IELs). These IELs, unshifted with respect to the quasar systemic velocity measured by narrow emission lines, share a common profile of about 1900

in FWHM, in contrast to the Balmer and Paschen broad emission lines of FWHM ∼6300

observed in the optical and NIR. The intermediate width of these lines indicates that the emitting gas may come from the dusty torus region. However, the observed peculiar IEL intensity ratios, such as N v
λ1240/Lyα, indicate that the emitting gas has a very high density, up to

. Such a high density is unusual for gas around the dusty torus region, except that we consider mechanisms such as shocks that can produce local ultradense gas. We speculate that these emission lines could originate from the shock region, possibly induced by the quasar outflow colliding with the inner wall of the dusty torus. If true, this may give us an opportunity to peep at the quasar outflows at the scale of the dusty torus that have so far been elusive due to the limited resolving powers of existing facilities.
Substructure in the Globular Cluster Populations of the Virgo Cluster Elliptical Galaxies M84 and M86
Authors: Lambert Ryan A. , Rhode Katherine L. , Vesperini Enrico
Published: August 2020

We have carried out a search for substructure within the globular cluster (GC) systems of M84 (NGC 4374) and M86 (NGC 4406), two giant elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. We use wide-field (36′ × 36′), multicolor broadband imaging to identify GC candidates in these two galaxies, as well as several other nearby lower-mass galaxies. Our analysis of the spatial locations of the GC candidates reveals several substructures, including a peak in the projected number density of GCs in M86 that is offset from the system center and may be at least partly due to the presence of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 4406B, a bridge that connects the M84 and M86 GC systems, and a boxy isodensity contour along the southeast side of the M86 GC system. We divide our sample into red (metal-rich) and blue (metal-poor) GC candidates to look for differences in the spatial distributions of the two populations and find that the blue cluster candidates are the dominant population in each of the substructures we identify. We also incorporate the measurements from two radial velocity surveys of the GCs in the region and find that the bridge substructure is populated by GCs with a mix of velocities that are consistent with either M86 and M84, possibly providing further evidence for interaction signatures between the two galaxies.
Retention of Long-period Gas Giant Planets: Type II Migration Revisited
Authors: Chen 陈逸 Yi-Xian 贤 , Zhang 张晓 Xiaojia 佳 , Li 李亚 Ya-Ping 平 , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮
Published: August 2020

During their formation, emerging protoplanets tidally interact with their natal disks. Proto–gas giant planets, with Hill radii larger than the disk thickness, open gaps and quench gas flow in the vicinity of their orbits. It is usually assumed that their type II migration is coupled to the viscous evolution of the disk. Although this hypothesis provides an explanation for the origin of close-in planets, it also encounters a predicament on the retention of long-period orbits for most gas giant planets. Moreover, numerical simulations indicate that the planets’ migrations are not solely determined by the viscous diffusion of their natal disk. Here we carry out a series of hydrodynamic simulations combined with analytic studies to examine the transition between different paradigms of type II migration. We find a range of planetary mass for which gas continues to flow through a severely depleted gap so that the surface density distribution in the disk region beyond the gap is maintained in a quasi-steady state. The associated gap profile modifies the location of corotation and Lindblad resonances. In the proximity of the planet’s orbit, high-order Lindblad and corotation torque are weakened by the gas depletion in the gap, while low-order Lindblad torques near the gap walls preserve their magnitude. Consequently, the intrinsic surface density distribution of the disk delicately determines both the pace and direction of the planets’ type II migration. We show that this effect might stall the inward migration of giant planets and preserve them in disk regions where the surface density is steep.
Biological attributes of diapausing and non-diapausing Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasitoid of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera, Tephritidae) fruit flies
Authors: Cruz-Bustos Jassmin , Montoya Pablo , Pérez-Lachaud Gabriela , Valle-Mora Javier , Liedo Pablo
Published: August 2020

Doryctobracon areolatus(Szépligeti), a solitary endoparasitoid native to the Neotropics, attacks eggs and early instar larvae ofAnastrephafruit flies, and can enter diapause under tropical and subtropical conditions. We aimed to test if biological attributes, such as size, flight ability, starvation resistance, longevity and fecundity of diapausing individuals differ from those of non-diapausing ones. Parasitoids were obtained from a laboratory colony reared onAnastrepha ludens(Loew) larvae. Parasitized host puparia were sorted in two cohorts according to their diapause condition. Developmental time from egg to adult ranged from 18 to 31 days in non-diapausing parasitoids, and 70 to 278 days for diapausing individuals. Pupal weight and adult measurements were higher in non-diapausing than in diapausing parasitoids. There were no differences in adult longevity, starvation resistance, and emergence between diapausing and non-diapausing wasps. Flight ability and fecundity rates were greater in the non-diapausing than in the diapause cohort. The proportion of female offspring was greater in the non-diapausing cohort (42.5%), whereas in the diapausing cohort the male offspring proportion was greater (62.4%). Both cohorts produced diapause offspring, but the non-diapausing cohort produced more (26.6%) than the diapausing one (9.1%). Maternal age had a significant effect on the proportion of diapause offspring: in 26 to 34 days old non-diapausing females, 78.9% of their offspring entered into diapause. These results confirmed that diapause affects the biological attributes ofD. areolatus. The observed differences contribute to better understand the diapause influence on the colonization and rearing process of this species and its use as biocontrol agent.
Observations of neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) preying on eggs and tadpoles of the frog Engystomops pustulosus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Starr Christopher K. , Bhukal Rakesh , Ballah Shane T.
Published: August 2020

In Trinidad, West Indies the social wasps Angiopolybia pallens and Polybia rejecta come to foam nests of the frog Engystomops pustulosus, where they prey on eggs and tadpoles. Frog offspring in early-stage foam nests appear to be almost immune to predation by the wasps, but they become more vulnerable as the nests age and lose definition.
Insects used as foodstuff by indigenous groups in Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Reyes-Prado H. , Moreno J.M. Pino
Published: August 2020

Anthropo-entomophagy has been practiced since pre-Hispanic times and today it is still preserved in certain places in Mexico. In addition, indigenous societies recognise the importance of insect consumption as an alternative source to conventional animal protein. In the state of Morelos, for example, insects are a significant part of the traditional diet of the inhabitants of rural areas. Nevertheless, no systematic research has been done to recognise the insect species used nor the aspects related to anthropo-entomophagy. This is the reason why this ethno-entomological research about edible insects was conducted. In this study, there is a report about 61 species of edible insects that are consumed in their different developmental stages in the state of Morelos. Grasshoppers (=chapulines) (Orthoptera) and bugs (=jumiles) (Hemiptera) stand out for their abundance and high degree of acceptance. The ways in which they are prepared and preserved range from rudimentary to highly elaborated, and some date from Mexican pre-Hispanic times.
Intended and Actual Outcomes of Study Abroad Programs: Nursing Students' Experiences
Authors: Trapani Josef , Cassar Maria
Published: August 2020

Background:

Many nursing students participate in study abroad opportunities; yet, few studies explore their experiences. Given the increasing emphasis on evaluating the quality of higher education internationalization, this study explored the motivations for, and outcomes of, Maltese nursing students' Erasmus+ exchanges against the program's intended outcomes.

Method:

Sixty-five Erasmus+ mobility participants completed an online questionnaire (response rate = 44.8%), and 16 participated in a 2-hour focus group.

Results:

Participants overwhelmingly agreed that intended outcomes of the Erasmus+ program were achieved. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: Enhanced Employability as a Nurse; Exposure to Nursing Beyond the National Shores; Personal Growth; Context-Sensitivity of Nursing Care Delivery; Language and Citizenship.

Conclusion:

These positive experiences confirm that nurse educators should continue encouraging and facilitating study abroad experiences, and that such opportunities should be offered to even more students. However, more research is required to explore any negative outcomes of student mobility and whether the participants' perceptions change over time.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):501–505.]
Promoting and Supporting a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program of Scholarship
Authors: Gonzalez Yovan , Finnell Deborah S.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Mentoring in the context of the faculty–student relationship can be one in which each benefits. Creative approaches are warranted to help discriminate the boundaries between the student and the teacher as a mentor, which are often ill-defined and blurred given the high-stakes summative assessments of performance.

Method:

Six specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-based (SMART) goals were established for a mentor and mentee relationship spanning a 2-year period based on a vision for building a program of scholarship. Weekly mentoring sessions were used to monitor progress toward goal attainment.

Results:

While completing the Doctor of Nursing Practice program, the mentee expanded professional networks, obtained funded fellowships, expanded knowledge and skills related to the substantive area of scholarship, and disseminated that work through professional presentations and publications coauthored with the mentor.

Conclusion:

Cognizant of the boundaries between course-related products and professional presentations and publications, the goal-driven mentor–mentee relationship is transformational to both.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):526–530.]
Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles Fed Varying Inclusions of Defatted African Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) Meal
Authors: Agbanimu Ayodeji Benjamin , Adeparusi Eunice Olwayemisi
Published: August 2020

A feeding trial was conducted to examine the dietary effects of using African Palm
weevil in the diet of Catfish. Five experimental diets containing 40% crude protein
were formulated, four of these diets contained defatted African palm weevil larvae
meal at varying inclusion levels denoted as APW25%, APW50%, APW75% and
APW100% while the diet with fish meal (APW0%) served as control diet. The
experiment was conducted in triplicates for 10 weeks using 15 aquaria glass tanks with
10 fish per tank. The percentage weight gain was significantly different (P>0.05) across
the fish fed experimental diets, with the highest percentage weight gain (1118.30g)
recorded in fish fed diet APW100 and the lowest percentage weight gain (749.40g)
recorded in fish fed diet FM. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly
different (P<0.05) across the experimental diet. The highest FCR value (1.48±0.42) was
recorded in the fish fed diet FM while the lowest FCR value (1.06±0.01) was recorded
in fish fed diet APW100. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the PER
among the experimental diets. It could be concluded that defatted African palm weevil
larvae meal in the diet in replacement of fishmeal.in the diet Clarias gariepinus
juvenile.
The Role of ICT and Human Capital Development in Pursuing a Demographic Dividend and Improving Economic Welfare in Indonesia
Authors: Nurarifin  , Ridena Sedwivia
Published: August 2020

This article aims to provide evidence that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and human development play an important role in pursuing a demographic dividend and accelerating economic welfare in Indonesia by exploiting provincial data from 2012 to 2017. The empirical evidence implemented in this research is Two-Stage Least Squares and dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques. The results show that a 1%-point rise in ICT development growth potentially leads to an approximately 0.24%-point increase in economic welfare growth, whereas an in life expectancy may decrease GDP per capita. The analysis also finds that a 1%-point increase in the ratio of the participation rate will promote a nearly 0.16%-point rise in per capita output. Meanwhile, a 1%-point increase in the share of the working-age population will generate roughly 0.19%-point rise in per capita income. A recent paper suggests that policymakers have to promote more supportive ICT and human development policies to pursue a demographic dividend since even though they have a positive impact on per capita income, the magnitude remains relatively low.
A Review of Suramadu Regional Development Acceleration towards Sustainable Development Concept
Authors: Suprapto Firre An , Manshur Agus
Published: August 2020

Based on the Surabaya Madura Regional Development Agency Master Plan 2010-2024, Madura Island has a strategic position as part of the Gerbangkertosusila Urban National Strategy. There is still, however, a development disparity between Madura Island and East Java. This can be seen from the economic performance of Madura Island which is quite low compared to other districts or cities in East Java Province. Madura Human Development Index (HDI) is below the East Java on average, and the percentage of poor people in Madura is the highest in East Java. Therefore, the development of Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) must be integrated through regional development, such as development of connectivity systems. The research used descriptive analysis to assess the characteristics of a program and to adjust the characteristics with sustainable development theory that consists of three components, namely: environmental, economic, and social developments. These can ultimately be used to sharpen the development target to be achieved in the next 5 (five) years. Data were collected using secondary survey instruments through existing literature studies and policy reviews, such as National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024 and Regional Medium-Term Development Plan of East Java Province.
Ensuring Sustainable Urban Transformation in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan B. , Mulyani Sunarharum Tri
Published: August 2020

Of the many important events that occurred in the two decades of the 21st century, the process of accelerating urbanization—especially in third-world countries—became something quite phenomenal. It's never even happened before. In the early 2000s, only about 45 percent of the population in the third world lived in urban areas, by 2020 the number had reached about 55 percent. Between now and 2035 the percentage of the population living in urban areas will reach about 85 percent in developed countries. Meanwhile, in developing countries will reach about 65 percent. By 2035, it is also projected that about 80 percent of the world's urban population will live in developing countries' cities.
Trotsky e a questão da arte: a fidelidade inabalável do artista a seu eu interior / Trotsky and the question of art: the artist’s unwavering fidelity to his inner self
Authors: Araujo Fernandes Felipe
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo resgatar um importante debate levantado por Leon Trotsky em seu livro Literatura e Revolução (1924), que trata sobre a relação entre arte e política. O artigo pretende, portanto, utilizar a polêmica que havia no contexto em que a obra fora escrita (após a revolução russa de 1917) para pensar a relevância desse debate nos tempos atuais. Um dos temas centrais que interessa é discutir se é possível, ou não, a construção de uma arte proletária, em contraposição a uma arte burguesa, tal como era proposto por intelectuais e grupos culturais; posição esta que fora sendo adotada pelos dirigentes do Estado soviético, no sentido de definir uma suposta forma de fazer arte legitimamente proletária. A posição de Trotsky é a de que isto não é possível, inclusive o revolucionário se posiciona firmemente contra esta linha, que a seu ver expressa um conjunto de premissas equivocadas, contrárias aos princípios do marxismo, e que tinham como resultado um processo de castração da liberdade humana, que se intensificaria com o stalinismo, e também no fascismo, utilizando a expressão artística como mero instrumento de propagação de ideias políticas, de forma panfletária, impositiva e engessada, mutilando a liberdade de criação e, portanto, ferindo a fidelidade do artista ao seu eu interior, que era fundamental para a expressão artística. Este artigo pretende, portanto, tomar as bases teóricas apresentadas por Trotsky e pensar a influência nos dias de hoje das posições combatidas pelo autor naquele contexto.
Efektifitas Edmodo Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Nusa Cendana
Authors: Fembriani Fembriani , Koroh Taty R , Pasmiyati Pasmiyati , Polin Ribka
Published: August 2020

Keterbatasan pertemuan dosen dan mahasiswa menjadi masalah penting di era ini. Dosen tidak dapat bertemu dengan mahasiswa, hal ini terjadi karena perkembangan virus COVID-19 yang menjadi ancaman. Akan tetapi kegiatan perkuliahan harus tetap dilaksanakan. Pembelajaran menggunakan edmodo menjadi salah satu jalan keluarnya. Matakuliah belajar pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan aplikasi edmodo. Matakuliah ini merupakan matakuliah dasar yang harus dikuasai mahasiswa PGSD. Sebagai calon guru mahasiswa harus menguasai teori-teori belajar yang ada dalam  matakuliah belajar pembelajaran. embelajaran dengan edmodo mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang efektif. Hasil tersebut didapatkan dari analisis data yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti. Analisis data dimulai dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas, dan mendapatkan hasil bahwa semua soal yang digunakan untuk penelitian dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian yang efektif dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan uji N-Gain. Uji T mendapatkan hasil 0,000<0,005 hal ini berarti Ha diterima yaitu ada perbedaan nilai pretest dan posttest setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan edmodo. Uji N-Gain mendapatkan hasil rata-rata 0,491 berada pada kategori sedang. Dapat disimpulkan pembelajaran dengan edmodo dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran dengan kategori sedang.
Miskonsepsi Matematika Mahasiswa PGSD Pada Penyelesaian Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat
Authors: Rosyidah Awal Nur Kholifatur , Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Oktaviyanti Itsna
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis miskonsepsi yang dilakukan mahasiswa PGSD sebagai calon guru Sekolah Dasar dalam menyelesaikan operasi hitung bilangan bulat. Miskonsepsi digolongkan menjadi 3 jenis yaitu Careless errors (Ca), Concept errors (Co), serta Careless errors dan Concept errors (Ca an Co). Peneliti memberikan 6 butir soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat kepasa 45 mahasiswa PGSD kelas 3E yang menempuh mata kuliah Pembelajaran Matematika SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10% mahasiswa melakukan miskonsepsi jenis Careless errors (Ca) dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat. 53% dengan persentase tertinggi (24 mahasiswa) melakukan miskonsepsi jenis Concept error (Co) dalam menyelesaikan operasi pengurangan bilangan bulat negatif dengan positif dan negatif dengan negatif. Serta ada 4 mahasiswa dengan persentase sebesar 9% dari total enam soal yang diberikan melakukan miskonsepsi jenis Careless and Concept error (Ca and Co) di dalam menyelesaikan operasi hitung pengurangan bilangan bulat yang sejenis, yaitu negatif dengan negatif maupun positif dengan positif.
Model Pendampingan Belajar Pada Anak Keluarga TKW Di SD Negeri Wanacala 02 Brebes
Authors: Toharudin Moh , Rukyat Ahlul
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan model pendampingan belajar anak keluarga TKW, dan metode orang tua dalam pengasuhan belajar anak pada keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif jenis studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi berperan serta pasif dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian ini di SD Negeri Wanacala 02 Kecamatan Songgom Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah. Informan dari penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, Guru, Siswa dan Orang tua. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Jumlah siswa yang orang tuanya pergi keluar negeri sebagai TKW sebanyak 10 siswa dari kelas 4 sampai kelas 6 di SD Negeri Wanacala 02; pendampingan belajar anak pada keluarga TKW dapat dilihat dari kendala dalam proses pendampingan dan dampak yang ditimbulkan terkait pendampingan belajar anak seperti latar belakang keluarga. Secara umum, permasalahan yang muncul dalam pendampingan belajar anak ialah penyesuaian diri dari pihak pengasuh maupun anak serta dampak pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh pihak pengasuh yaitu anak yang diasuh oleh bapak kandungnya ketika Ibu bekerja sebagai TKW lebih memilih mendampingi dengan otoritatif, dan anak yang diasuh oleh Kakek atau Neneknya ketika Ibu kandungnya bekerja sebagai TKW lebih memilih mendampingi belajar dengan cara permisif dan anak yang diasuh oleh tantenya memilih metode moderat.
HIỆU QUẢ TÀI CHÍNH TRỒNG DỪA SÁP VÀ DỪA THƯỜNG TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HUYỆN CẦU KÈ, TỈNH TRÀ VINH
Authors: Hải Võ Minh , Thuý Phạm Thị Phương , Cường Lê Duy , Thúc Lê Vĩnh , Toàn Nguyễn Bảo
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 3 năm 2018 đến tháng 11 năm 2018 thông qua phỏng vấn 90 nông hộ trồng dừa tại huyện Cầu Kè, tỉnh Trà Vinh bằng phương pháp đánh giá nhanh nông thôn. Qua đó, so sánh hiệu quả kinh tế trồng dừa Sáp và dừa thường, phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận và đề xuất giải pháp cho cây dừa trên địa bàn tỉnh Trà Vinh. Kết quả cho thấy chi phí sản xuất cho 1 ha dừa thường là 23,4 triệu đồng/ha, lợi nhuận trung bình trong năm trồng là 55,8 triệu đồng/ha/năm. Có 2 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận của dừa thường đó là quy mô đất canh tác và số lao động trồng tham gia trồng dừa. Chi phí cho 1 ha dừa Sáp là 28,7 triệu đồng/ha, lợi nhuận trung bình trong 1 năm trồng là 286 triệu đồng/ha/năm. Có 2 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận của dừa Sáp đó là tỷ lệ trái dừa Sáp và trình độ học vấn của người trồng dừa. Để mở rộng diện tích trồng dừa trong tương lai cần có các giải pháp về giống, khoa học kỹ thuật, liên kết sản xuất và tiêu thụ sản phẩm trong sản xuất dừa Sáp và dừa thường.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted from March to November 2018 by 90 coconut households in Cau Ke district, Tra Vinh province who were interviewed by using a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, then, compared the economic efficiency between planting Sap coconut and normal coconut The study proposing solution to the development of coconut trees in Tra Vinh province indicated that factors affected profitability. The results showed that the input for production for 1 ha of coconut was usually 23.4 million VND, the average of profit was 55.8 million VND/ha/year. There were two factors that affected the profitability of normal coconut: the farming size and the number of labors who took part in cultivating the coconuts. Meanwhile, the input for one hectare of Sap coconut was 28,7 million VND, the average of profit was 286 million VND/ha /year and the factors affected the profit of Sap coconut cultivation is the ratio of Sap nut and education of Sap coconut growers. In order to expand the coconut cultivation area in the future, it is necessary to have solutions to new seedling, to apply new science and technology, to link the production and consumption of products in both Sap coconut and normal coconut.