bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hombres Universitarios: lo que hacen por su salud
Authors: Luna-GonzÃ¡lez JosÃ© Luis , ResÃ©ndiz-Guerrero Diana Alejandra , JuÃ¡rez-Nilo Sarket Gizeh , MartÃ­nez-DÃ­az Adriana , MariÃ±elarena Daniel Arceo , Gallegos-Torres Ruth Magdalena
Published: March 2021

IntroducciÃ³n: Con respecto a la salud, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, ademÃ¡s de que los programas de salud estÃ¡n mayormente dirigidos a la mujer. Objetivo: Valorar el autocuidado de la salud en varones universitarios de dos universidades privadas de la ciudad de QuerÃ©taro, Qro. MetodologÃ­a: InvestigaciÃ³n transversal, descriptiva; se aplicÃ³ un cuestionario a 194 alumnos, de 46 items integrados en 7 dimensiones. Para el anÃ¡lisis de los datos se utilizÃ³ el software SPSS v.20 utilizando estadÃ­stica descriptiva. La investigaciÃ³n fue evaluada y aprobada por un comitÃ© de investigaciÃ³n y bioÃ©tica. Se respetaron los principios bioÃ©ticos de investigaciÃ³n. Resultados: Alumnos de 18 a los 32 aÃ±os. 96% son solteros. 81.7% saben quÃ© es el autocuidado. 70.8% realiza ejercicio por lo menos 30 minutos tres veces a la semana. 49.2% no conoce que existe cÃ¡ncer de mama en los varones. 31.7% consume alcohol cada fin de semana, 35% ha consumido marihuana y 11% cocaÃ­na en el Ãºltimo aÃ±o. 84% son activos sexualmente. En relaciÃ³n al sueÃ±o y el descanso, el 82% duerme de 3 a 7 horas diarias. Conclusiones: Los datos globales demuestran que es necesario que los varones refuercen las actividades de autocuidado personal en diversas Ã¡reas.
 
Introduction: Regarding to health, there are differences between men and women, and health programs are mostly aimed to women. Objective: to evaluate male health self- care in university students of two private universities in Queretaro, city. A cross sectional study was made. A 46 items questionnaire integrated in 7 dimensions was applied to 194 students. The software SPSS v. 20 was used to analyze data using descriptive statistics. The research was evaluated and approved by a research and bioethics committee respecting the research Bioethical principles. Results: Students aged 18 to 32. 96% are single. 81.7 know what self-care is. 70.8% exercise at least 30 minutes thrice a week. 49.2% do not know there is male breast cancer. 31.7% consume alcohol every weekend, 35% have tried marijuana and 11% cocaine in the last year. 84% are sexually active. Related to sleep and rest, 82% sleep 3 to 7 hours a day. Conclusions: Global data shows that it is necessary to reinforce male personal self-care activities in severe areas.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Place of Delivery among Women in Rural Northern Ghana: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Gangtaba Agulu Gilbert , Matsui Mitsuaki , Kamiya Yasuhiko
Published: March 2021

Background of the Study: Studies have shown that three-quarters of all maternal deaths happen during childbirth and the immediate postpartum periods. Most of these deaths occur due to a lack of support from a health care provider. Globally, in 2016, one out of five childbirths took place without the assistance of a skilled birth attendant (SBA). The coverage among women in deprived areas is even lower. Womenâ€™s choice of a birthing place is often influenced by a complex mixture of factors ranging from individual, household, accessibility, health facility and provider-related factors, socioeconomic status, etc. Despite many interventions put in place in Ghana to encourage the use of health facilities for deliveries, utilization remains inadequate and the reasons have not been explored in detail. This study examines the factors affecting utilization of health facilities for delivery by pregnant women in the West Mamprusi Municipality (WMM) of Northern Ghana by adopting the three delays model. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional household survey of 381 women within the age group, 15-49 years, was conducted from January to March 2019 in the WMM. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data entry was done using IBM-SPSS version 25 statistical software, and it was exported to Stata version 15 statistical software for the analysis. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were done. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables associated with facility delivery. All statistical tests were set at a 5% level of significance and a 95% confidence interval. Results: This study revealed that 75.3% of the respondents delivered their last child in a health facility while 24.7% delivered at home. The ANC coverage was high (98.2%). However, this does not translate into the proportion of facility deliveries. Factors leading to the choice of the delivery place include; poor health care providerâ€™s attitudes, low knowledge about the signs of labor, poor quality of health services, sociocultural beliefs, low socioeconomic status of women, low educational level of mothers, and inaccessibility to health services. It was observed that respondents with a higher educational level were almost four times [AOR=3.66; 95% CI:1.19-68.9] more likely to deliver their children in a health facility. Women who made more ANC contacts with health care providers have a higher chance [AOR=1.17; 95% CI:1.04-36.7] of delivering in a health facility than those who made less or no contact. Conclusion: Though the findings show a high proportion of facility delivery in the study area, much can be achieved by intensifying health education on early initiation of ANC, signs of labor and delivery, as well as the importance of health facility delivery
Need Assessment of Physics Learning Evaluation Course on COVID-19 Pandemic Era in Bloom's Taxonomy Topic
Authors: Jauhariyah Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul , Wasis Wasis , Sunarti Titin , Setyarsih Woro , Zainuddin Abu , Hidayat Samsul
Published: March 2021

Needs assessment aims to understand the requirements of learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era, the use of online learning platforms, the constraints and solutions offered, the "Merdeka Belajar" curriculum in this course, the challenges and needs in the future. It is an exploratory study for students need on the new learning condition because of the COVID-19 pandemic era. The data gathered from the questionnaire of some lectures and undergraduate programme of physics education students through an online survey also included observation and analysis from various sources. The results show the following facts. It needs online learning with a user-friendly device for students. There are multiple online education platforms based on learning activities, but some students have constraints on internet network stability. Another problem is the need for internet data packages that are not small in the online learning process, especially when using virtual face-to-face platforms. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the semester credit system's weight for the physics learning evaluation course in the "Merdeka Belajar" curriculum. The content of Bloom's taxonomy is quite dense and takes time to understand each level of thinking. So, the future challenge is to develop a learning media that students can use in studying Bloom's taxonomy topic and solve the problem of internet data packages and internet network stability. One alternative solution to learning problems is using learning media in electronic books that students can use offline.
APROXIMACIÓN CRÍTICA AL CONSTRUCTIVISMO DE BRUNO LATOUR
Authors: Lara de la Fuente Daniel
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo constituye una aproximación crítica de la filosofía de las ciencias sociales propuesta por Bruno Latour. Más concretamente, examina a modo de clarificación conceptual los ejes fundamentales de su sustrato antirrealista. De este modo, se expone en primer lugar el punto de partida desde el cual se va a proponer la crítica, basado en las formulaciones de John Searle y, en menor medida, Rusell Keat y John Urry. En segundo lugar, se examina de qué modo Latour responde a dos interrogantes esenciales: 1) ¿de qué modo se niega la existencia tanto de una realidad externa como de un sujeto cognoscente de la misma? 2) ¿en qué medida el acto de conocimiento supone al mismo tiempo un acto de modificación de las entidades y fenómenos estudiados?. Como conclusión, se adelantan los elementos principales que habrán de ser detallados para una ulterior crítica detallada y sistemática.
Effect of Wrist Tapping on Interhemispheric Coherence in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Narodova Ekaterina , Shnayder Natalia , Karnaukhov Vladislav , Bogomolova Olesya , Petrov Kirill , Narodova Valeriya
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of interhemispheric coherence (IC) as an indicator of integration of different areas of the brain and their participation in the performance of certain functions before and after wrist tapping (WT), using the author's method in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Methods and Results: The study included 81 subjects of working age, including 51 clinically healthy volunteers (median age of 39[21;56] years) and 30 patients (median age of 27[23;38] years) with JME. Analysis of IC in the electrode pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, C3-C4, T3-T4 was performed using a computer encephalographic complex. A coherent EEG analysis was used to identify and evaluate the relationships between different areas of the brain. Based on the change in the coherence coefficients (CCs), the level of integrative activity of brain structures was quantified. In healthy volunteers, before and after WT, we observed a statistically significant decrease in CCs for the beta-1 band in the pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, and C3-C4 (P<0.05), while in the pair T3-T4, changes in CCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05). At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the alpha band was found only in the frontal regions in the pairs Fp1-Fp2 and F3-F4 (P<0.05). No statistically significant changes were found in all the studied pairs in the theta band. When comparing CCs in JME patients in beta–1 and theta bands, before and after WT, we did not find statistically significant changes in CCs in all the studied electrode pairs. However, in the alpha band, we found a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the frontal region in the F3-F4 (P=0.0038) and C3-C4 electrode pairs (P=0.034). The results of the study of interhemispheric integration showed statistically significant differences between patients with JME and the control group. Conclusion: WT according to the author's method does not provoke the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges on the EEG and epileptic seizures in patients with JME. Coherent analysis showed positive changes in interhemispheric integrations of neurons in the beta–1 and alpha frequency ranges, mainly in the anterior hemispheres.
Low-temperature Direct Bonding of Inp and Diamond Substrates Under Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Matsumae Takashi , Takigawa Ryo , Kurashima Yuichi , Takagi Hideki , Higurashi Eiji
Published: March 2021

An InP substrate was directly bonded on a diamond heat spreader for efficient heat dissipation. The InP surface activated by oxygen plasma and the diamond surface cleaned with an NH3/H2O2 mixture were contacted under atmospheric conditions. Subsequently, the InP/diamond specimen was annealed at 250 °C to form direct bonding. The InP and diamond substrates formed atomic bonds with a shear strength of 9.3 MPa through an amorphous intermediate layer with a thickness of 3 nm. As advanced thermal management can be provided by typical surface cleaning processes followed by low-temperature annealing, the proposed bonding method would facilitate next-generation InP devices, such as transistors for high-frequency and high-power operations.
Comparison of Apical and Basolateral Cu Treatment for Iron-related Gene Regulation During Deferoxamine Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Evcan Ezgi , gulec sukru
Published: March 2021

Background: Intestinal copper transporter (Atp7a) mutant brindled mice with systemic Cu deficiency had elevated Cu levels in enterocyte cells without any perturbation of iron regulating genes, suggesting that blood Cu level might be important for intestinal iron homeostasis during iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We hypothesized that the blood Cu level and polarization (apical and basolateral) of enterocyte cells might be important regulators for the compensatory response on the regulation of genes in enterocyte cells during IDA. Methods: We grew Caco-2 cells on a bicameral cell culture plate to mimic the human intestine system and on a regular tissue culture plate. IDA was induced by Deferoxamine (DFO). The cells were treated with Cu and Cu with Fe following mRNA expressions of DMT1, FPN, TFR, and ANKRD37 were analyzed. Results: Our main finding was that basolateral treatment of Cu significantly reduced mRNA expressions of iron-regulated genes, including DMT1, FPN, TFR, and ANKRD37, compared to DFO treated and DFO with apical Cu treated groups in both bicameral and regular tissue culture plates. Conclusions: Cu level in the basolateral side of Caco-2 cells significantly influenced the intracellular gene regulation in DFO induced iron-deficient condition, and polarization of the cells might be important factor gene regulation in enterocyte cells.
Establishment and Application of a Taqman Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Real Time Pcr Assay for Feline Calicivirus
Authors: zhao jingjie , Liang Lin , Zhang Guangzhi , Li Wenhui , Li Shaohan , Cui Shangjin , Liang Ruiying
Published: March 2021

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an infectious pathogen that causes disease in cats. With the current emergence of FCV-associated virulent systemic disease (FCV VSD) worldwide, the establishment of a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible diagnostic assay for its detection is important to inform prevention and control strategies. In this study, specific primers and TaqMan-FAM probes were designed based on the conserved regions of the FCV genome sequence, and a TaqMan reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR assay was established. This assay could specifically detected the FCV genome. The assay had a wide dynamic range, with linear detection in the range of 9.6×109 copies/μL to 9.6×100 copies/μL, with a limit of detection of 9.6×100 copies/μL, showing high sensitivity and repeatability. In addition, we used this assay to evaluated clinical samples (n=100) taken from cats from across China for the presence/absence of FCV genetic material For samples with low virus content, the positive detection rate of TaqMan reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR assay (RT-qPCR) was much higher than that of conventional reverse transcriptase PCR assay (cRT-PCR). And The qRT-PCR assay was used to detect the viral load of cat swabs within 17 days after FCV infection. From days 1-9, the oral and nasal swabs generally had higher viral loads than the anal swabs. While from days 10-17, the levels in the oral and nasal swabs being generally lower than those in the anal swabs. Overall, this FCV TaqMan RT-qPCR assay assay represents a rapid and accurate.
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to increase BMI1 by Licl attenuates the toxicity of cisplatin in the HEI-OC1 auditory cells
Authors: Xu Yingpeng , Sun Chen , Lu Chen , Liu Yaqing , Lu Ling , Li Qi
Published: March 2021

Cisplatin is a very effective anti-tumor drug; nonetheless, it can induce cochlear hair cell apoptosis and ototoxicity in large doses. WNT/β-catenin signaling is also closely related to aging, embryonic development, and apoptosis. We establish a cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 auditory cells model. WNT/β-catenin was activated by GSK3 inhibitor Licl to detect the expression level of each component of the WNT pathway and BMI1. The expression of BMI1 in the hair cell line model of HEI-OC1 cells induced by cisplatin was significantly reduced, and cell apoptosis was significantly reduced by increasing the expression level of cell line BMI through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling. Activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling to increase BMI1 expression can reduce the apoptosis of cochlear hair cells induced by cisplatin. BMI1 also has a protective effect on the ototoxicity of cisplatin.
Customized Depolarization Spatial Patterns With Dynamic Retardance Functions
Authors: Marco David , López-Morales Guadalupe , Sánchez-López María Mar , Lizana Ángel , Moreno Ignacio , Campos Juan
Published: March 2021

In this work we demonstrate customized depolarization spatial patterns by imaging a dynamical time-dependent pixelated retarder. A proof-of-concept of the proposed method is presented, where a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is used as a spatial retarder that emulates a controlled spatially variant depolarizing sample by addressing a time-dependent phase mask. We apply an imaging Mueller polarimetric system based on a polarization camera to verify the effective depolarization effect. Experimental validation is provided by temporal integration on the detection system. The effective depolarizance results are fully described within a simple graphical approach which agrees with standard Mueller matrix decomposition methods. The potential of the method is discussed by means of three practical cases, which include non-reported depolarization spatial patterns, including exotic structures as a spirally shaped depolarization pattern.
Human Health Risk Regulation of Reproductive Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, and Endocrine Disruption in Special Populations Exposed to Organophosphorus Flame Retardants
Authors: Yang Jiawen , Zhao Wenjin , Li Yu
Published: March 2021

In this study, the joint toxicological characteristics of reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption (ED) by organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) were regulated by process control. Molecular docking technology, molecular dynamics (MD), 2D-QSAR model, and density functional theory (DFT) were used to develop a health risk regulation scheme for special population such as pregnant women exposed to OPFRs. It was found that MD simulations confirmed the effectiveness of the recommended complementary food scheme (CFS) for the pregnant women with low health risk. When β-lactoglobulin, α-lactoalbumin, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein, ovalbumin (OVA), ovotransferrin (OVT), vitamin, plant pigment, apple polyphenols, and malic acid were present in the CFS, the joint toxicity of OPFRs in pregnant women were significantly decreased by 91.18%. The reproductive toxicity played a dominant role in the joint toxicity and could be reduced by 82.48% under the recommended CFS. There was a competitive relationship between the nutrients in the recommended CFS and OPFRs binding to the joint toxic receptor (JTR). The former could easily occupy the target binding spot of the JTR protein, which reduced or prevented the binding of OPFRs to the JTR. In addition, simulation of OPFRs molecular metabolic pathways in pregnant women under the recommended CFS showed that the binding affinity between OPFRs and six metabolic kinases in pregnant women was significantly decreased (–28.85% -–87.54%), indicating that the inhibition effect of OPFRs on normal biochemical reactions in the human body was significantly reduced, which to a certain extent verified the effectiveness of the recommended CFS.
Perceptions and Experiences of Health-care Personnel Regarding Violence Against Health Care: a Qualitative Multiple Case Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naseem , Awan Babar , Khan Mirwais , Mehboob Usman , Haq Zia Ul , Zohaib Mohsin , Baddia Faryal , Khan Salman , Polkowski Maciej
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHealth-care workers are at high risk of facing violence all over the world. The sanctity, respect and protection of health care is threatened by violence in health-care settings. The study aims to explore the perception of health-care personnel about violence in health-care settings in district Peshawar.MethodsThis qualitative multiple case study uses a participatory approach to develop an understanding of the processes and themes that explain the health-care personnel`s experience of violence. Ten focus group discussions and three individual in-depth interviews were conducted with eighty-three participants recruited through purposive sampling.ResultsThree distinct recurrent themes emerged from the responses of the different stakeholders and consensus was reached on seven broad categories. The themes were: (a) Not all the wounds are visible: the theme describes the nature, frequency, and characteristics of violence and explores that violence is not merely any physical action taken against men or women to cause visible physical wounds, but also includes verbal or emotional abuse that attempts to hurt the feelings or affects the health of an individual. (b) But violence is never the answer: different categories including the perpetrators of violence, causes, and contributing factors, and the consequences and effects of violence on individuals and institutions were explored and summarized that there could be many causes to provoke violence but still violence cannot be justified. (c) Vaccine for violence: described the various strategies for the prevention of violence and suggests various measures at the public and institutional levels to be incorporated for a future without violence. ConclusionThe study concluded that violence against health care is a frequently occurring phenomenon in health-care settings. Most of the incidents are not highlighted as they are verbal/emotional but have far more impact on the health-care personnel. A holistic approach was suggested for ending violence in the health-care settings and the need to involve all relevant stakeholders was emphasized. The recommended measures include policy formulation, promoting awareness and education, capacity building of health-care personnel on communication strategies/consultation skills, improved security of the health-care settings, and positive role of media in promoting the respect of health-care personnel. Further research should then focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these measures.
Prevalence of Thalassemia-carrier of Couples at Childbearing Age and Risk Prediction of Thalassemia
Authors: Wu Liu-song , Zhang Li-Jun , Luo Hong-Fang , Huang Ge , Luo Xi , Tan Mei , Chen Jindong , Chen Yan
Published: March 2021

Background: Thalassemia is highly prevalent hematologic disease in Guizhou, China. This study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics of thalassemia for couples at childbearing age in this subpopulation.Results: There were 4481 couples at childbearing age recruited for thalassemia-carrier screening through both traditional hematological tests and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Of them, 1314 (14.66%) thalassemia-carriers were identified, including 857 (9.76%) α-thalassemia, 391 (4.36%) β-thalassemia, and 48 (0.54%) composite α and β-thalassemia. Of them, 38 couples were high-risk thalassemia carriers. In addition, 12 a-globin gene alterations and 16 b-globin mutations were detected including four novel thalassemia mutations. SEA is the most common α-thalassemia genotype (26.86%), CD41-42 is the most prevalent β-thalassemia genotype (36.57%); the αα/-α3.7 + CD41-42 is the most frequent composite α and β-thalassemia genotype (18.75%). Ethnically, the Zhuang has the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carriers among the ethnic groups. Geographically, Qiannan presented the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carrier. Conclusion: This result enriched the genetic map of thalassemia and provided thalassemia genetic counseling and fertility-guidance for thalassemia-carriers in Guizhou, China. The NGS is so far the most accurate method for population thalassemia screening.
Physical Exercise Mitigates the Disturbs Caused in Ventral Prostate by High Fat Diet, Clarifying the Role of PPAR-Alpha
Authors: Tavares Maria Eduarda Almeida , Veras Allice Santos Cruz , Baptista Danilo Bianchini , Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo
Published: March 2021

Body fat resulting from the consumption of fatty foods develops inflammation, a precursor to obesity, diabetes mellitus and prostatic diseases, causing tissue changes. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise in conjunction with PPARα promotes an increase in energy expenditure, modulating cellular metabolism by altering prostate cell metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the gene transcription factor PPARα as a prostatic regulator associated with the effects of aerobic physical exercise in mice fed to a high-fat diet. Wild Type and PPARα -/- mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high-fat diet and submitted to aerobic physical training for 8 weeks. Prostates of male mice were analyzed histologically and metabolically for PIN progression. These findings suggest that the absence of PPARα reduces adiposity and but does not modify the expression AR and GR, up-regulate prostate inflammation, and suppresses Fas (CD95/Apo-1) increase in TNF-α, induced by prostatic lesions. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise was effective in protecting prostatic damage induced by a high-fat diet, both in wild type and in PPARα-/- animals. The absence PPARα induces an inflammatory process and prostatic changes and associated with a high-fat diet, however, these inflammatory processes induce increased apoptosis and may further inhibit cell growth associated with physical exercise.
Shared Decision-Making for Pain Management After Third Molar Extractions in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mitchell Shannon , Truitt Anjali , Davin Lauryn , Rindal D. Brad
Published: March 2021

Background: Understanding how adolescent patients and their parents make decisions about pain management after complex dental procedures could help reduce the use of opioid medications in this population. This study explored how adolescent patients and their parents make decisions about pain management after third molar extractions.Methods: Participants were identified from administrative databases based on age (15-17 years) and a dental extraction performed in the last 8 days. Structured interviews were conducted by phone, with interview guides tailored separately to patients and parents. De-identified interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative analysis software using a directed content analysis approach.Results: A total of 15 patient/parent dyads were interviewed. There was high concordance in terms of shared decision-making and pain management views in this dyadic sample. In addition to conversations with their dentist, most patients and their parents discussed pain management plans that included non-medication options, over-the-counter medications, and opioid medications to be taken as needed. All participants reported that the adolescent received an opioid prescription for post-extraction pain management but most only took it the day of the extraction and up to 2 days following, usually based on the patient’s reported pain levels and perceptions of over-the-counter medication adequacy. Participants said they did not receive guidance from their provider concerning disposal of unused opioid medications. Conclusions: Shared decision-making concerning pain management was common for adolescents and their parents following third molar extractions. Providers may have an opportunity to reduce the number of opioids prescribed, since respondents reported little to no use of opioids that they were prescribed. Providers should educate patients and their parents about safe disposal of opioids to mitigate the potential for diversion.Trial registration: not applicable
In-situ Monitoring of Direct Energy Deposition via Structured Light System and its Application in Remanufacturing Industry
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Shen Weijun , Suresh Vignesh , Hamilton Jakob , Yeh Li-Hsin , Jiang Xuepeng , Zhang Zhan , Li Qing , Li Beiwen , Rivero Iris V. , Qin Hantang
Published: March 2021

The Direct Energy Deposition (DED) process utilizes laser energy to melt metal powders and deposit them on the substrate layer to manufacture complex metal parts. This study was applied as a remanufacturing and repair process to fix used parts, which reduced unnecessary waste in the manufacturing industry. However, there could be defects generated during the repair, such as porosity or bumpy morphological defects. Traditionally the operator would use a design of experiment (DOE) or simulation method to understand the printing parameters’ influence on the printed part. There are several influential factors: laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and standoff distance. Each DED machine has a different setup in practice, which results in some uncertainties for the printing results. For example, the nozzle diameter and laser type could be varied in different DED machines. Thus, it was hypothesized that a repair could be more effective if the printing process could be monitored in real-time. In this study, a structured light system (SLS) was used to capture the printing process’s layer-wise information. The SLS system is capable of performing 3D surface scanning with a high-resolution of 10 µm. To determine how much material needs to be deposited, given the initial scanning of the part and allowing the real-time observation of each layer’s information. Once a defect was found in-situ, the DED machine (hybrid machine) would change the tool and remove the flawed layer. After the repair, the nondestructive approach computed tomography (CT) was applied to examine its interior features. In this research, a DED machine using 316L stainless steel was used to perform the repairing process to demonstrate its effectiveness. The lab-built SLS system was used to capture each layer’s information, and CT data was provided for the quality evaluation. The novel manufacturing approach could improve the DED repair quality, reduce the repair time, and promote repair automation. In the future, it has a great potential to be used in the manufacturing industry to repair used parts and avoid the extra cost involved in buying a new part.
Priming Effect of Thiamine on the Enhancement of Induced Resistance to the Plant Disease Phytophthora Nicotianae in Tobacco
Authors: Tao Liu , Suohui Tian , Yanping Chen , Shuhui Zi , Jian Mei , Zhijiang Wang , Xianwen Ye
Published: March 2021

Induced resistance by elicitors is considered to be an eco-friendly strategy to stimulate plant defense against pathogen attack. Thiamine (vitamin B1,VB1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion.To date, the mechanisms by which VB1 provides protection against plant disease have yet to be fully elucidated, expecially no reports about VB1 treatment influenced the development of Phytophthora nicotianae in plant. Tobacco black shank (TBS) caused by P. nicotianae is destructive to almost all tobacco cultivars and is widespread in many tobacco-growing countries. In the present study, the priming effect of VB1 on tobacco against the disease P. nicotianae and its biochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms were evaluated. Base on the effect of VB1 on mycelial growth and zoospore formation, the appropriate VB1 treatment was used in protecting tobacco against P. nicotianae. For VB1 pretreatment, tobacco exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity. Consistent with the occurrence of induced resistance, the pronounced increase in H2O2 level, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) activities were observed. For defense reactions, VB1 promoted the increases of H2O2, SA and lignin contents. Moreover, the expressions of PR1, PR5, NPR1, PAL, CM1, H1N1 and EFE26 were induced by VB1, which also involved in defense reactions. Our findings indicate that the priming effect of VB1 may partially depend on the production of the callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and hormone SA production.
Disruption of Glycogen Metabolism Alters Cell Size in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Walt Felix E. , Bürgy Léo , Engelbrecht Lize , Adams Rozanne C.M. , Stadler Jessica , Strydom Lindi , George Gavin M. , Zeeman Samuel C. , Kossmann Jens , Lloyd James R.
Published: March 2021

Background: The availability of nutrients impacts cell size and growth rate in many organisms. Research in E. coli has traditionally focused on the influence of exogenous nutrient sources on cell size through their effect on growth and cell cycle progression. Utilising a set of mutants where three genes involved in glycogen degradation - glycogen phosphorylase (glgP), glycogen debranching enzyme (glgX) and maltodextrin phosphorylase (malP) - were disrupted, we examined if degradation of this energy storage compound affects cell size. Results: It was found that mutations to malP increased cell lengths and resulted in substantial heterogeneity of cell size. This was most apparent during exponential growth and the phenotype was unaccompanied by alterations in Z-ring occurrence, cellular FtsZ levels and generation times. ∆malP mutant cells did, however, show abnormal nuclear staining patterns and accumulate increased DnaA amounts at late growth stages, indicating a potential effect on DNA replication. Conclusion: This study reveals a link between glycogen metabolism and cell size in E. coli. A disrupted malP allele is associated with cell size heterogeneity and elongation at all stages of growth, without detectable changes to mass doubling time, FtsZ protein levels or division ring frequency.
GOLGA2/GM130 is a novel target of neuroprotection therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: deng shu wen , Hu Qing , He Qiang , Chen Xi qian , Lei Qiang , lu wei
Published: March 2021

Background

Impairment of the blood-brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to secondary brain injury and aggravate neurological deficits. Owing in part to our lack of understanding of the mechanism of ICH injury to the blood-brain barrier, there are currently no effective methods to prevent or treat it. Here, we explored the effects of Golgi apparatus protein GM130 overexpression or silencing on the blood-brain barrier and neurological function after ICH, to better understand the mechanism involved and facilitate the development of new therapeutic methods.
Results

Levels of the tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and occludin decreased, while those of LC3-II, a marker for autophagosomes, increased in hemin-treated Bend.3 cells (p < 0.05). The levels of ZO-1 and occludin increased, while those of LC3-II decreased with GM130 overexpression (p < 0.05). ZO-1 and occludin expression decreased and LC3-II increased after siGM130 transfection, mimicking the effect of hemin (p < 0.05). Tight junctions were disconnected after hemin or siGM130 treatment and repaired with GM130 overexpression. siGM130 transfection in Bend.3 cells increased autophagy flux, whereas GM130 overexpression downregulated autophagy flux. Similar results were verified in an in vivo ICH model. Perihematomal ZO-1 and occludin expression increased, while LC3-II expression decreased in ICH rats (p < 0.05). ZO-1 and occluding expression further decreased and LC3-II expression increased in siGM130-treated ICH rats (p < 0.05), whereas a reverse effect was observed in AAV-GM130-treated ICH rats (p < 0.05). Perihematomal Evans blue and brain water content were much higher in siGM130-treated ICH rats than in the control ICH rats. AAV-GM130-treated ICH rats showed a lower perihematomal Evans blue and brain water content than the control ICH rats.
Conclusions

GM130 overexpression can protect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier from brain injury, inhibit excessive autophagy flux in an ICH in vivo model, and further improve the neurobehavioral prognosis. GM130 overexpression may mediate tight junction protein repair by directly reducing autophagy flux in an ICH in vitro model. GM130 may be a therapeutic target for acute brain injury after ICH.
Ficus retusa L. as possible indicator of air metallic pollution in urban environmentSahli Leila, Belhiouani Hadjer
Authors: Sahli Leila , Belhiouani Hadjer
Published: March 2021

The tree species differed by their capacity to capture air-borne dust and to allocate trace element from contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to explore the accumulation potential of heavy metals (HMs) by F. retusa L. and its possible use for air pollution biomonitoring in urban areas. Plant material was sampled along the national roads in Constantine city (NE-Algeria), characterized by an intense traffic load. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were determined in the washed and unwashed leaves. The mean concentrations of HMs decrease in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd for both studied leaves, and were about 0.68 and 0.98 µg/g for Cd, 7.26 and 8.74 µg/g for Cu, 20.35 and 37.61 µg/g for Pb and 63.33 µg/g and 75.94 µg/g for Zn, for washed/unwashed leaves respectively. The studied metal contents were significantly higher than those cited in the literature; this indicates the traffic road impact on HMs emissions and uptake by plants. Higher values of metal accumulation index (MAI) indicate the effectiveness of the studied species for monitoring air metallic pollution in urban areas, and its usefulness for phytoextraction of HMs from the polluted soils and/or air. Results of this study could be beneficial as preliminary reference values for HMs uptake by F. retusa in urban environments.
Berberine inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Pan Yue , Tao Xufeng , Li Ning , Li Kun , Xiao Gary Guishan
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPDAC is universally acknowledged to be one of the highest mortality rate of cancer-related deaths. PCSCs, regulated by EMT, could promote the proliferation of PDAC. Berberine with high medicinal value has usually been used as an anti-cancer agent. Hence the purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effect of berberine in PDAC. MethodsMTT assay was used to verify berberine inhibiting the proliferation of PDAC. Immunofluorescence staining, stem cell sphere, wound healing and transwell migration assay were demonstrated the anti-proliferation and anti-stemness of PCSCs in vitro . PANC-02 cells were injected in C57BL/6 mice to establish the orthotopic pancreatic-cancer model in vivo . H&E and Ki67 immunohistogical staining assay were used to evaluated the effect of berberine in PDAC in vivo. q-PCR and Western blot methods were applied to detect the expression of EMT procedure.ResultsIn this study, berberine has selective anti-cancer effect in PDAC in vitro . Moreover, berberine suppressed the proliferation and stemness of PCSCs in PDAC. In vivo , berberine reduced the tumor size and decreased the expression of Ki67 in orthotopic pancreatic-cancer pancreases. In addition, berberine inhibit the EMT signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo . ConclusionsOur study indicates that berberine inhibit the proliferation of PDAC in vivo and vitro . The mechanism of anti-cancer effect on berberine may suppress the PCSCs through inhibiting EMT procedure. Therefore, berberine may be the novel antineoplastic drug with clinical effectiveness in PDAC. Keywords: Berberine, PDAC, PCSCs, EMT, berberine
Clinical Features, Prognosis and Susceptibility Genes of 2 Infants With Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Tongue: Case Report
Authors: Yang Peiyi , Xu Na , Su Yan , Duan Chao , Wang Shengcai , Fu Libing , Yu Tong , Guo Ruolan , Ma Xiaoli
Published: March 2021

Background Rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS) is the most common soft tissue tumor in children. RMS of the oral cavity accounts for 10–12% of all head and neck RMS, and the tongue is a rare primary site. The most common pathological types of RMS include embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma(SRMS) is rare. Meanwhile, it has been reported in the literature that infant is a rare onset age in RMS. We review two cases of infant tongue SRMS, and analyze the clinical features, prognosis and susceptibility genes. Case presentation The clinical data of 2 infants with RMS of the tongue admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital were retrospectively collected. Both the children and their parents accepted exome-customized capture sequencing of single gene disease in peripheral venous blood, and the results were analyzed. Both cases were infants and diagnosed with lingual RMS at 3 and 5 months after birth, respectively. The pathological type were both spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. The maximum diameter of the tumor in case 1 was 8mm, and 23mm in case 2. The clinical TNM staging both were T1aN0M0. IRS staging of case 1 was II, and case 2 was I. They were both classified in the low risk group, and treated with surgery and chemotherapy. The regimen of chemotherapy including 4 courses of VAC(vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide) regimen first, followed by 4 courses of VA(vincristine, actinomycin D) regimen. Case 1 was in complete remission at the latest follow-up, and case 2 suffered from relapse 10 months after stopping chemotherapy, and achieved complete remission after the multi-disciplinary treatment of chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The venous blood gene test of the two children did not find pathogenic mutation or possible pathogenic mutation related to RMS. In case 1, variants of CDK4 and BRCA1 gene, both unclear significance (possibly) related with RMS, were detected. For case 2, we found three variants of unknown significance that were (possibly) associated with RMS, including variants of TRIP13, APC, and RAD54L gene. Conclusions Infant tongue RMS is rare, the clinical manifestations of which lack specificity, and early recognition is difficult. The success and timing of local treatment are important prognostic factors. Genetic testing may be helpful for early detection of tumor susceptibility and prognosis estimation.
A rare case of maxillary sinus cancer that involve the orbit and adjacent structures
Authors: Kundu Atish , Yadav Sardar  Singh , Kumar Vinay , Vats Anurag
Published: March 2021

43year old male diagnosed as case of Maxillary sinus cancer that involved the orbit. CT scan of face revealed large ill defined extensively infiltrated soft tissue mass of 7*5*4.4 cm in maxillary sinus which extended to infratemporal fossa and erosion of floor of the right orbit with infiltration of right inferior rectus muscle. The prognosis of maxillary sinus cancer with involvement adjacent structures is not very good (usually diagnosed at an advanced stage), so to attain an improved result it was essential to secure adequate resection of margins. So we followed a standard treatment protocol that was total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration, followed by postoperative radiation therapy.
A Study of anxiety and fear level in dental practitioners from coronavirus and need of clinical practice modification to combat Covid -19
Authors: Bharat Rakhi , Jagnade Rinku , Katare Gopal , Daga Sonal
Published: March 2021

An outbreak of novel corona virus (COVID-19) in China has influenced several aspects of the life of healthcare professionals, especially dentists, who are actually exposed to a higher risk of getting infected due to close interaction with their patients during treatments.

The study was conducted to understand the anxiety and fear level of dental practitioners in getting infected during practice in the current corona virus (COVID-19) situation. In addition, also to evaluate their awareness about various practice modifications needed or required to combat COVID-19 during clinical practice.

A cross-sectional study was conducted by an online survey from 3rd Aug to 8th Sept 2020. For the central region, a well-defined survey was planned at Google doc. A total of 239 participants from 16 different states of India had responded. Post scrutiny, completed questionnaires (n = 210) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-Square and tests were applied

The fear and anxiety levels of dentists are found as; 69% of participants were afraid getting infected from a patient visiting their clinics. 74.8% were scared while providing treatment to patients. 47.1% felt suggest or think not to do practice until the number of COVID-19 patient cases decreases.54.3% participants felt anxiety and scared while interacting to patients while treatments, 81% have fear to carry the infection from  clinic to their home and can get their family infected. 40% were afraid of getting quarantined and 59.5% were concerned about the cost of treatment on the off chance if get Infected. Dental practitioners are in a state of anxiety and fear while treating their patients due to the pandemic impact around the community. A number of dental practitioners have either modified their clinical practice process as per recommended guidelines for emergency treatment only, or closed down clinics for an uncertain period.
The effect of 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, at 24hrs and 8days, on the microhardness of MTA, Biodentine and Pozzolan cement: An in- vitro study.
Authors: Dasani Sarita , Hora Baljeet S , Ajmera Rucheeta S , Gupta Brijesh , Dondulkar Yadnesh , Kosta Suparna
Published: March 2021

Aim & Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects, at 24 h and 8 days, of 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA on the Vicker’s microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(MTA Angelus) (MTAA), Biodentine(Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosse’s France) and Pozzolan based endodontic cement named Endocem MTA(Maruchi, Wonju, Korea).

Materials and method: Sixty samples of MTAA, Biodentine and Endocem MTA were tested for baseline microhardness at 24 h. They were divided into 12 subgroups (5% NaOCl or 17% EDTA, 24 h and 5% NaOCl or 17% EDTA at 8 days) and microhardness was evaluated at different time points. Results were recorded and analysed statistically via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc  test.

Results: MTAA had a higher baseline microhardness than both biodentine and Endocem MTA. At 24 hrs, the microhardness of all the materials was reduced by NaOCl and EDTA. At 8 days, NaOCl reduced the microhardness of MTA but that of Biodentine and Endocem MTA was increased. EDTA at 8 days, reduced the microhardness of both MTAA and Biodentine but an increase was seen with Endocem MTA.

Conclusion: Changes in microhardness of MTAA, Biodentine and Pozzolan cement(Endocem MTA) were associated with the time for which the materials are allowed to set as well as the irrigating agent used,.
The association of oral health-related behaviour and dental caries among 6 -7 year old school children of Wilsonia Pakwara Moradabad : Across sectional study
Authors: Abdullah Sabzar , Khazir Mahbooba
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aim: To find out the association between oral health related behavior and dental caries

 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the 6-7-year-old students of Wilsonian school, DFT was clinically assessed at the first visit and a validated questionnaire was distributed among the parents of the students. The questionnaire consists of the three main questions, one regarding the tooth brushing Frequency that was  assessed by the following question: “How many times a day does your child brush his/her teeth?” with the answers of “twice or more/day,” “once/day,” “less than once/day,” and “do not know.” These answers were recorded as “twice or more/day; coded 1” and “less than twice/day (including ‘do not know’); coded 2”. Another question regarding the drinking sugar-sweetened beverages frequency was assessed by the following question: “How often does your child drink sugar-sweetened beverages?” with the answers of “several times/month or never; coded 1,” “once/week; coded 2,” “2- 3 times/week; coded 3,” “4-6 times/week; coded 4,” “once/day; coded 5” and “twice or more/day; coded 6.” .The Third question was regarding “Snack-eating habits” that was assessed by the following question: “When does your child eat snacks?” with the answer of “does not eat snacks; coded 1,” “eats snacks at a set time; coded 2” and “eats snacks freely whenever he/she wants; coded 3.”

Results: Poor oral behavior was  associated with higher DFT after adjusting for all covariates Toothbrushing frequency, frequency of drinking sugar-sweetened beverages and snack-eating habits (OR=1.49,CI-1.17-1.89) (OR=2.01,95% CI=1.27,3.18) and (OR=1.83,95%CI=1.14,2.92) associated with DFT,

Conclusions: improving children’s oral health behavior might decrease their dental caries

by Strengthening their self-control.

KEYWORDS

Child, child dentistry, dental caries, oral health behavior