bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Phytochemical and Morphometric Analysis of the Genus Matricaria as a Promising Medicinal Plant.
Authors: Maharramli G. , Abbasov M.
Published: February 2025

Matricaria chamomilla L. as a valuable medicinal plant. Its chemical composition, main properties, and effects on the human body are described. The varieties of chamomile have been listed, and a macroscopic analysis has been conducted to highlight their distinctive morphological features. Additionally, differences in the chemical composition of these plant species have been examined. Special attention is given to the various uses of chamomile, as well as possible contraindications and side effects that may arise under different conditions of its use. The findings highlight its importance in phytotherapy, pharmacology, and preventive medicine.
Floristic Characteristics and Features of Use of Species Included in the Genus Hawthorn (Crataegus L.)
Authors: Huseynova F. , Gasimov H.
Published: February 2025

Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a plant consisting of various species of thorny shrubs or small trees belonging to the Rosaceae family. The genus Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) has 20 species in the flora of Azerbaijan and 20 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Crataegus pontica C.Koch., Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb., Crataegus meyeri Pojark., Crataegus szowitsii Pojark., Crataegus pentagynaWaldst. & Kit., Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark., Crataegus cinovski Kassymova., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus curvisepala Lindm., Crataegus caucasica C. Koch. Hawthorn species are found in various ecological zones, including mountainous, flat and semi-desert areas. The climatic conditions of each region affect the phenological stages of plant development. In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, hawthorn is found in almost all altitude zones (800-2500 m). The greatest amplitude of distribution belongs to the species Crataegus orientalis. It is found in areas from the foothill zone to the subalpine zone (900-2250 m). In the middle zone, the species C. cinovskisii, C. szovitsii, C. Tournefortii, C. pojarkoviae and C. pontica are predominantly common. However, in some cases, the distribution zone of the species C. pontica goes down, and the species C. pojarkoviae rises to the high-mountain zone. The species Crataegus caucasica, C. rhipidophylla, C. pseudoheterophylla and C. zangezura are found almost from the low-mountain zone to the subalpine zone, and the species C. atrosanguinea and C. eriantha are found in the low-mountain and middle-mountain zone. The distribution zone of the species C. meyeri sometimes reaches an altitude of 2350 m. The flower lump of the hawthorn species, which is used as a food and medicinal plant, is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to regulate heart rhythm. Ripe fruits are also useful for lowering blood pressure in folk medicine. The fruits and flowers of hawthorn are used in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, circulatory problems and high blood pressure. The plant is rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and tannins, so it strengthens the immune system and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Hawthorn is also used as an ornamental plant.
Taxonomic Composition and Use Directions of the Genus SalviaL. Distributed in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Guliyeva N. , Guliyeva G. , Farajova L.
Published: February 2025

In the presented article Lamiaceae Martinov, nom, cons are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information about the taxonomic spectrum of species included in the genus Salvia (Salvia L.) and directions of use is provided. As a result of the studies, it was found that 19 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan MR. According to the literature and our studies, species belonging to the genus are used not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also as an ecological, economic and medicinal plant.
Bioecological Characteristics of Species of the Genus Potentilla L. in the Rosaceae Juss. Family of the Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Babayeva S.
Published: February 2025

The article provides detailed information about the bioecological characteristics of species belonging to the genus Potentilla L. within the Rosaceae family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Our research, analysis of collected herbarium materials, and comparative review of literature sources have shown that the genus Potentillais represented by 17 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and the current status of these species is also reflected in the article. The studied species are perennial, biennial, or annual herbs and can be found in fields, fallow lands, meadows, forests, shrubs, dry slopes, as well as in the lowland and mountain regions. Based on our research, species of this genus are not only valuable medicinal plants but are also widely used in decorative, food, fodder, and phytomeliorative activities. Additionally, the species Potentilla argentea is of particular importance as a plant that also produces nectar and pollen.
Aspects of Primary Prevention of Dental Diseases in School-Age Children in High-Mountain (Chon-Alai region) and Mid-Mountain (Myrza-Aki) Regions
Authors: Еshiev A. , Ermekov E.
Published: February 2025

This work is devoted to the problem of individual oral hygiene and the prevention of dental diseases among schoolchildren. The study reveals an insufficient level of sanitary and hygienic knowledge and skills among students, which contributes to an increase in the prevalence of dental diseases, especially among children and adolescents. A comparative analysis shows that schoolchildren from Myrza-Aki have higher rates of hygiene education compared to their peers from Daraut-Kurgan. This emphasizes the need to introduce dental disease prevention programs and regular health education activities in educational institutions. The work also examines modern and traditional methods of oral hygiene as part of comprehensive caries prevention. Particular attention is paid to the development of school dental programs that include the participation of a pediatric dentist and the introduction of innovative approaches to preventive care. The study results highlight the importance of improving hygiene knowledge and skills among schoolchildren to improve children's oral health.
Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly
Authors: Khasanova Sh. , Sabirov I. , Khankishiev A.
Published: February 2025

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are considered a serious public health problem. Older people are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency, as well as those with comorbidities. Risk factors for deficiency and decreased vitamin D levels include insufficient sun exposure, insufficient intake of vitamin D sources, or impaired intestinal absorption. There is increasing research in the direction of finding answers to questions about the most accurate way to diagnose vitamin D deficiency, which can determine its status and indications for screening, and can also assess the effectiveness of treatment. In our article, we described how various strategies can be used to detect vitamin D deficiency in older people. Vitamin D status is determined by measuring the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the serum. The exact threshold for vitamin D deficiency is still controversial. Screening should be performed only in people at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency are nonspecific and very common. Therefore, if vitamin D deficiency is suspected, the physician should measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. Vitamin D deficiency is rarely treated by increasing the intake of foods naturally containing vitamin D or foods fortified with vitamin D. Special attention should be paid to vitamin D intake to avoid side effects. There is no safe and clear threshold of ultraviolet radiation at which vitamin D can be synthesized in sufficient quantities without increasing the risk of skin cancer.
Cardiovascular Risk in Senior Students of the Medical Faculty of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University: Focus on Body Mass Index and Obesity
Authors: Belinova A. , Sabirov A. , Moldobekova A. , Alaa A. , Polupanov A. , Sabirov I.
Published: February 2025

Obesity, being one of the urgent problems of our time and especially public health, affects not only the adult population, but also young people, including students and students, and especially students of medical specialties. Medical students, combining studies, social events and preparation for professional activities, often face a lack of time for physical activity and proper rest, which increases their vulnerability to risk factors associated with obesity. The present study is aimed at analyzing and identifying factors contributing to the spread of obesity among senior students of all areas of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU). The study conducted a comparative analysis of body mass index (BMI), the level of physical activity of students of different courses, fields of study and gender. Special attention paid to the hidden signs of obesity, since students, having a high metabolism, may not outwardly have special signs of obesity, but when calculating BMI, it turned out that it was increased. The effect of skipping breakfast on the development of obesity among students is also being investigated. Skipping the first meal often leads to increased calorie intake throughout the day and can contribute to weight gain. The results of the study emphasize the need to develop and implement preventive programs aimed at forming a conscious approach to health among students, promoting a balanced diet, regular physical activity and resistance to stress. Such programs can help medical students form healthy habits that they cannot only transfer into their future professional activities, but also apply for personal well-being. The data revealed in the study highlight the importance of timely measures to prevent obesity among medical students as future health representatives.
Complex Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Herpetic Stomatitis: Modern Methods and Approaches
Authors: Abdyshev T. , Еshiev A. , Azimbaev N. , Ermekov E.
Published: February 2025

This article presents the authors' information regarding the etiological factors in the development and pathogenesis of chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis. One of the most common conditions in dental practice is chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis, caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of complex therapy for chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis. The study included 30 patients with chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis aged from 18 to 66 years, under our supervision there were 20 patients in the main group, 10 patients in the control group with a diagnosis of “recurrent chronic aphthous stomatitis” of moderate severity. The duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 3 years, the frequency of relapses varied from 3 to 6 times per year. During the clinical study, the results allow us to evaluate the developed wound healing agent as highly effective with a pronounced clinical effect. Based on the results obtained, we can recommend this drug for inclusion in therapeutic regimens for recurrent herpes infection (RHS) for use in practical dentistry, which will improve patient treatment outcomes and improve the quality of dental care.
Research on Intensive Breeding and Selection of Simmental, Black and White, Brown-Latvian and Brown-Caucasian Breeds in Azerbaijan
Authors: Gumbatova G.
Published: February 2025

Experiments were carried out on 4 different breeds (Simmental, Black-white, Brown- latvian and Brown -caucasian) in order to prepare them for meat production technology in the field of dairy cattle breeding and to study the rearing of young animals using the industrial method. During the experiment: The comparative characteristics of the sexes were studied. The body sizes and indices of the animals were observed. The composition of blood, the needs and use of animal feed have been studied. Various indicators were considered, such as skin thickness, cut, carcass, meat and bone extract, meat composition and muscle chemistry. Economic indicators and production costs were calculated. This research will help improve the quality and efficiency of meat production in dairy farming. They will also help analyze options in the field, determining the yield, breeding potential and financial benefits of different breeds. These studies will provide important assessments and recommendations for optimal crop production and effective field management as a whole.
Optimization of the Management System for Crop and Livestock Production in the Kyrgyz Republic in Modern Conditions
Authors: Omurzakov S. , Omoshev T. , Sulaymanova D.
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the issues of optimizing the crop and livestock management system in the Kyrgyz Republic in modern conditions. And also, ways to increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Kyrgyz Republic. Forecast indicators of the number of employed people in the agricultural sector of the economy for the forecast years. Average annual number of employed populations of the Osh region in the agricultural sector of the economy.
International Legal Aspects of Legal Regulation and Current Problems of Implementation of UNESCO Conventions in the Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Dzhumagulov A. , Tukubasheva A. , Eduard E.
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the legal and resource aspects of the conservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage objects included in the UNESCO lists in the Kyrgyzstan.
Extra-Judicial Forms of Protection of Civil Rights (on the Example of a Notary)
Authors: Тoktakunkyzy G.
Published: February 2025

In the Kyrgyz Republic, there are two main forms of protection of citizens' rights - judicial and extra-judicial. The judicial form of protection of citizens' rights is most often used in a state governed by the rule of law.However, the extra-judicial form of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens has its advantages. These include judicial bodies, notaries, courts of elders, etc. The article discusses the types of extra-judicial forms of protection of citizens' rights, their activities and features. The purpose of the scientific article is to provide a legal analysis of judicial forms of protection of civil rights, using a notary as an example. The methodological basis of the study is comparative and formal-legal methods. The main conclusions of the scientific work can be used in teaching the disciplines of civil procedural law, the theory of state and law, notarial law.
Political theories of power through the prism of Islamic doctrine. Rule by a group of elected persons – Aristocracy
Authors: Bekmurzaeva G. , Osmonov S. , Zhakiev A.
Published: February 2025

Questions about the "ideal society" have been asked by scientists and philosophers since Ancient Greece, and by scientists in the Muslim world. In Plato's doctrine, which he called the rule of the worthy - aristocracy, he believed that intellectuals are best prepared to perform state management tasks (aristoc and kratos. Translated from Greek, they mean "rule of the best"). Let's turn to Plato's famous work "The State", where he suggests the path and methods of training personnel for power. Plato writes that an incompetent ruler will have unsuccessful laws, and wrong decisions will create difficulties for the people or, even worse, lead to rebellion and chaos. Plato divided society into classes. 1. Rulers - managers, 2. warriors to protect power, 3. all other citizens. Plato wrote that future rulers should be selected, and they should be brought up in state boarding schools until they reach 18 years of age. And now the most interesting of what Plato proposed: in order to exclude the slightest possibility of putting personal interests above public ones, everyone without exception was not allowed to start a family, own private property and capital. In Islam, the elected ruler is only a temporary representative of the community (ummah), his hired workers who carry out the governance of the people in the will of the people, in the name of Allah and for the sake of the pleasure of Allah. That is, the elected rulers thirst and seek the pleasure of Allah in one of the types of service to the Almighty, in addition to prayer and fasting - in the fair management of the political affairs of the ummah (people, state). The policy of Islam coincides with the views of Plato only in that the state (power), in order to consolidate the attraction of public goods, must pursue a targeted policy of training personnel with intelligence, spirituality and morality, who have undergone careful selection
Rule by the People - Democracy Through the Prism of Islamic Doctrine
Authors: Osmonov S. , Bekmurzaeva G. , Temirbaeva S.
Published: February 2025

John Locke is a figure in the philosophical firmament of the English Enlightenment, quite well known. But his views were strongly influenced by the teachings of R. Descartes, especially epistemology. Locke showed his extraordinary thinker in many areas of knowledge. His philosophical, political, psychological, pedagogical concepts are known. In particular, he was one of the founders of sensualism. It was John Locke who laid the foundations for democracy, which as a political system exists today in the West and is accepted in many countries of the world, including Muslim ones. Locke's ideas, which he outlined in his work "The Second Treatise of Civil Government", are repeated word for word in the Declaration of Independence and in the current US Constitution: "...all men are created equal...", "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness...". And although Locke meant only men by the word "men" in his work, this was a great achievement in understanding freedom and political rights in European political thought during the period of strengthening absolute monarchies in the world. In his work on democracy, Locke, like Hobbes, raises the question of the nature of human nature and the concept of a social contract. But unlike Hobbes, Locke says that people in a state of nature are, on the contrary, not selfish and are united with each other2. According to Locke, democracy (Greek: demos kratos – rule by the people) is “…the rule of the majority over the minority, according to laws which have been carefully considered by representatives of the people duly elected for that purpose and published for public information3. That is, the people are the source of laws.
Research of the Factors Influencing the Academic Performance of Students of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of KRSU
Authors: Kochkоrova M. , Kutlikova A. , Misirov R.
Published: February 2025

For future medical professionals, the main task is to provide proper medical care, but in order to do everything efficiently, good knowledge is needed. Unfortunately, in recent years, the problem of improving the quality of the training of medical specialists has been escalating in Kyrgyzstan. The training of medical students in such a field as chemistry is one of the integral and important parts of medical education, since all life processes are related to chemical processes, it can cause damage to humanity (mainly ecology) and salvation (development of medicines for diseases, cultivation of artificial organs, etc.). The purpose of our research is to study the organization of the educational process, the relationship between teachers and students, as well as to determine the reasons for the decrease in the level of understanding of this subject among students, and their opinion on improving the quality of education at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of KRSU. We conducted a survey of 285 students of the Medical Faculty of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin (KRSU), using an original questionnaire that includes 18 questions on the organization of the educational process and the relationship between teachers and students at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. We have obtained the following results: at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, more than half of the respondents like the conditions and the educational process, almost 90% of the students positively assessed the work of the teaching staff. And for a better understanding of chemistry (biological, clinical), we recommended the following: add more practice; conduct classes in a playful way (in the form of quizzes, Olympiads, round tables, conferences, etc.); review the curriculum; create a circle or introduce additional classes; teachers to explain topics more in practical classes.; add lecture material to the Internet (in particular YouTube) for repeated listening/viewing.
Digital Literacy and Methodology of Teacher Training in the Formation of Professional Competence in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Moldosanov U. , Narkoziev A.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the significance of digital literacy and the methodology of teacher training in the context of the digitalization of education in the Kyrgyz Republic. It analyzes current problems and challenges associated with the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process, including the insufficient level of teachers' digital competence, uneven access to digital resources, and the need to rethink traditional teaching methods. The authors propose recommendations for improving the methodology of teacher preparation, developing infrastructure, and enhancing digital literacy among all participants in the educational process. The necessity of a comprehensive approach is emphasized for the successful integration of digital technologies into the education system and the preparation of specialists capable of effectively functioning in a digital society.
Formation of Legal Knowledge in Future Teachers in the Field of Environmental Protection
Authors: Kochkorova G. , Borkoshev M.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the formation of legal knowledge among future teachers in the context of environmental protection. In the context of global environmental challenges, the importance of legal regulation in the field of ecology is becoming increasingly relevant. The article discusses methods and approaches to training future teachers in the legal aspects of environmental protection, and also analyzes existing programs and courses aimed at developing environmental legal awareness. Particular attention is paid to the integration of legal knowledge into teaching practice, which contributes to the formation in students of sustainable environmental values ​​and responsibility for the conservation of nature. The purpose of this study is to form legal knowledge among future teachers in the context of environmental protection, which implies: an analysis of existing teacher training programs on ecology and environmental protection, recommendations for integrating legal knowledge into training courses for future teachers, studying the impact of legal knowledge on environmental awareness and activity of future teachers. The objectives of the study include: 1. Consider the main legal acts regulating environmental protection in Kyrgyzstan. 2. Identify methods and forms of education that contribute to the effective assimilation of legal knowledge. 3. Conduct surveys and questionnaires among students of pedagogical universities to analyze the level of their legal training and environmental awareness. In conclusion, the formation of legal knowledge in the field of environmental protection among future teachers is an important task of modern education. Taking into account the global challenges of the environmental situation, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive
The Image Mother and the Means of Its Realization in the Works of Chingiz Aitmatov
Authors: Ibraimova G. , Myrzalymbekova A.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the image of the mother in the works of Chingiz Aitmatov, exploring its linguistic means of realization and its relationship with related notions such as "parent," "family," "femininity," and "homeland." In Aitmatov's works, the image of the mother extends beyond the symbol of motherhood to include the metaphor of the earth, which gives birth, endures suffering, and sacrifices itself for future generations. Through examples from works like "The Mother Field," the multifaceted nature of the maternal image is revealed — ranging from a symbol of sacrifice to an embodiment of moral and spiritual strength. The article employs methods of conceptual analysis, cognitive linguistics, and semantic analysis to provide a deeper understanding of the cultural and emotional dimensions of the notion of "mother" in Aitmatov's literature. The study emphasizes the significance of this image in shaping national identity and depicting tragic realities, such as war, through the maternal perspective. The linguistic analysis focuses on nominative units and syntagmatic connections that uncover the content of this notion. Additionally, paradigmatic relations and contextual usage of lexemes associated with the notion of "mother" are examined. By employing conceptual analysis and a cognitive approach, the article reveals how Aitmatov conveys complex cultural and emotional aspects of the maternal image through linguistic means.
Types of Interjections in English: Classification and Features
Authors: Zhaparova K.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the classification of interjections in the English language, analyzing their types and functions. In the language under consideration, interjections can be classified by structural and semantic features. Based on the analysis of the presented points of view of domestic and foreign linguists on the classification of interjections, we adhere to the following classification. Based on the structural classification, we distinguish primary and secondary interjections. Primary interjections are words that stand alone and are not included in any part of speech. Secondary interjections can be expressed by different parts of speech, and can even be two-part or more. Based on the semantic classification, we distinguish four types: emotive, cognitive, conative and phatic.
Functions of Punctuation Marks in Writing
Authors: Abdyrazakova M.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the functions of punctuation marks in written speech and their role in providing clarity, logic and expressiveness of the text. Punctuation is an integral element of written communication, playing a key role in text structuring and transmission of intonational and emotional nuances, which are inherent to oral speech. The use of various punctuation marks such as periods, commas, colons, semicolons and others is analyzed in the context of their influence on syntactic constructions and the general meaning of the utterance. The conclusion discusses the prospects for future research in linguistics aimed at automating punctuation in digital written communication and improving natural language processing algorithms.
Ethical Principles and Censorship Practices in Simultaneous Interpretation
Authors: Azizov D.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the ethical principles and censorship practices in simultaneous interpretation, emphasizing that this process is an integral part of a translator's professional activity. It analyzes the need to maintain a balance between translation accuracy and adherence to the cultural and social norms of the audience. The article explores theoretical approaches to censorship, including neutrality, harm minimization, and respect for cultural differences, as well as practical methods such as omission, soft reformulation, adaptation, and paraphrasing. Practical examples are analyzed where censorship of texts helps to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings. It is emphasized that effective censorship requires not only the translator's professional knowledge and skills but also the ability to promptly adapt the text depending on the context and cultural characteristics of the audience.
Brain aromatase and its relationship with parental experience and behavior in male mice
Authors: Duarte-Guterman Paula , Skandalis Dimitri A. , Merkl Ariane , Geissler Diana B. , Ehret Günter
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In most mammals, paternal care is not mandatory for raising offspring. In house mice, experience with pups governs the extent and quality of paternal care. First-time fathers undergo a dramatic transition from ignoring or killing pups to caring for pups. The behavioral shift occurs together with changes in brain estrogen signaling as indicated by changes in estrogen receptor presence and distribution in multiple areas regulating olfaction, emotion, and motivation.

Methods

We measured changes in the expression of aromatase, the enzyme converting testosterone into estrogen, as an indirect measure of estrogen synthesis, in various areas of the limbic system in mice with increasing paternal experience.

Results

The amount of paternal experience (5 or 27 days) was associated with increased numbers of immunocytochemically-identified aromatase expressing cells in the medial and cortical amygdala, posterior piriform cortex, and ventromedial hypothalamus. Functionally, these changes can be related to the disappearance of aggression or neglect towards pups when first-time fathers or, even more, well-experienced fathers are handling their own pups. In the lateral septum, the anterior piriform cortex and to some extent in the medial preoptic area, parental experience increased the number of aromatase-positive cells only in fathers with 27 days of experience, and only in the right hemisphere. This represents a novel case of brain-functional lateralization triggered by experience. Nuclei/areas associated with maternal care (medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens) exhibited a left-hemisphere advantage in aromatase expressing cells, both in pup-naïve and pup-experienced males. This newly found lateralization may contribute to the left-hemisphere dominant processing and perception of pup calls to release parental behavior.

Conclusion

In general, the experience-dependent changes in aromatase expression we observed in most brain areas did not mirror the previously reported changes in estrogen receptors (ERα) when pup-naïve males became pup-caring fathers. Hence, paternal behavior may depend, in a brain area-specific way, on the differential action of estrogen through its receptors and/or direct local modulation of neural processing.
Non-human primates as indicators of Kinetoplastida diversity in an urban environment in Midwest Brazil
Authors: Júnior Oscar Fernandes , Jansen Ana Maria , Macedo Gabriel Carvalho de , Nantes Wesley Arruda Gimenes , Santos Filipe Martins , Sano Nayara Yoshie , Barreto Wanessa Teixeira Gomes , Assis William Oliveira de , Liberal Sany Caroline , Xavier Samanta Cristina das Chagas , Alves Fernanda Moreira , Dario Maria Augusta , Oliveira Carina Elisei de , Roque André Luiz Rodrigues , Herrera Heitor Miraglia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Trypanosomatids are parasites widely distributed in nature, parasitizing several host species in single or co-infections. Campo Grande (CG), capital of Mato Grosso do Sul State, is characterized by several green areas and forest fragments where wild mammals have been reported infected by diverse trypanosomatid species. In this study, we evaluated the parasitism by trypanosomatids in the non-human primates (NHP) Sapajus cay and Alouatta caraya sampled in three different areas of CG.

Material and methods

For the detection of infections and identification of trypanosomatid species, we made hemoculture, blood smears, molecular and serological tests.

Results

We detected trypanosomatids in 37/55 (67.3%) of sampled animals, all by the molecular test. DNA sequencing analyzes were performed on 32 samples, resulting in the following species identification: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. minasense, T. rangeli, Leishmania (L.) infantum and L. (L.) amazonensis (species already recorded in primates in Latin America), and for the first time T. lainsoni, a parasite related to small mammals, and Trypanosoma sp. DID, originally reported in marsupials Didelphis sp.

Discussion

The detection of trypanosomatids of public health importance as L. infantum, L. amazonensis and T. cruzi (genotypes TcI, TcII/TcVI and TcIV) indicates the enzootic character of these species in the studied area. Also, the presence of T. cruzi TcIV and T. minasense in the conservation area supports previous studies that these parasites would be associated with the arboreal stratum. We conclude that (i) the NHP at CG participate in a complex reservoir system for parasites of great importance for Public Health in the studied area, such as L. infantum, L. amazonensis and T. cruzi, and (ii) there is a great diversity of trypanosomatids circulating in the urban area of this city located in the Brazilian Midwest.
Psychological repercussions of PM air pollution in human aging: a comprehensive review of urban and rural environments
Authors: Gallardo Laura O. , Aiger Vallés Montserrat , Cativiela-Campos Blanca , Domingo-Valero Laura , Barrasa Ángel , Alique Matilde , López-Granero Caridad
Published: February 2025

Air pollution and its effects on population health are currently among the most important public health issues. It is well established that the impact of air pollution on health is exceedingly high, although it ignores its real scope and effects on the aging process because studies on air quality have largely focused on younger age groups. Herein, we emphasize the relevance of air quality to the behavioral aging process, taking into account the place of residence - rural or urban. We raise the following question: Can air quality and residential settings modulate cognitive, emotional and social behaviors during the aging? Some studies have analyzed the role of residential settings and air pollution in the context of a behavioral frame in elderly people. Based on the analyzed literature, this revision concluded that air pollutants affect cognitive function, increasing the risk of dementia as well as depression and anxiety emotional responses. In addition, social networks and inclusion can modulate and mitigate the effects observed during the aging in rural areas that are exposed to less contamination. Although there is no consensus, it seems that some observed behavioral effects are sex-dependent, as women are more vulnerable to air pollution. Additionally, we examined why older adults are vulnerable to the health effects of Particulate Matter (PM) exposure and highlighted the importance of social health in this context. Environmental agents could be the key to understanding the susceptibility and variability observed during aging in behavioral symptoms. Although cognitive decline is related to increased age, it is not a manipulated factor. Efforts should be centered on locating factors implicated in the aging process that could be susceptible to manipulation or variation, such as the choice of the place of residence and the air that we are breathing. Given the significant societal impact of PM, research and policy regulations should be closely aligned and collaborative.
Analysis of research status and trends on nano-agricultural application: a bibliometric study
Authors: Luo Xing , Li Jing , Guo Song , Yu Hua , Zeng Xiangzhong , Zhou Zijun , Shangguan Yuxian , He Mingjiang , Ouyang Yiting , Chen Kun , Chen Zhimin , Qin Yusheng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The rapid global population growth and limitations of traditional agricultural practices have resulted in inadequate nutrient supply. Nano-agricultural technology presents significant potential for enhancing crop growth and resistance, reducing stresses, and providing economic benefits with lower environmental risks.

Methods

In this study, a bibliometric analysis of nano-agricultural applications was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection, and 2,626 publications from 2000 to 2023 were identified, with an exponential increase in both publications and citations.

Results and discussion

European and Asian countries and institutions are more actively involved, although USA produces the highest-quality papers. Additionally, this field has evolved through two stages: the first stage (2000-2016) focused on the toxicology of nanomaterials (NMs), while the second stage (2017-present) emphasizes NMs as nanofertilizers to promote crop growth, and as nanoregulators or nanopesticides to enhance crop resistance against biotic stress and abiotic stress. Finally, future research perspectives were also proposed, including the optimalizations of NMs, the investigations of the behavior and bioavailability of NMs driven by rhizosphere and phyllosphere process, interdisciplinary collaboration across various fields, the application of NMs from laboratory to the field, and the long-term environmental behaviors and assessments of NMs in diverse ecosystems. Overall, this bibliometric study provides a valuable reference for understanding the development of this field and pinpointing research frontiers.
Correction: Sharma et al. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1291
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Dhaliwal Inderpreet , Rana Kusum , Delta Anil Kumar , Kaushik Prashant
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Effect of Synchronization Between Millihertz Geomagnetic Field Variations and Human Heart Rate Oscillations During Strong Magnetic Storms
Authors: Zenchenko Tatiana A. , Khorseva Natalia I. , Breus Tamara K. , Drozdov Andrey V. , Seraya Olga Y.
Published: February 2025

Protecting people with various diseases from the adverse effects of space weather factors requires an understanding of their effects on healthy people who participate in heliobiological research as a ‘control group’. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human heart-rate synchronization with variations in the geomagnetic field of the ULF frequency range (1–5 mHz) (“biogeosynchronization effect”). We analyzed 61 electrocardiogram recordings of 100 min that were obtained on 24–27 September 2023, 10–13 May 2024 and 10–13 October 2024 from two female volunteers in good health. The biogeosynchronization effect was observed in 69% of cases. The probability of its occurrence correlates with the Dst index (correlation coefficient Rs = 0.313, p = 0.014); there is no correlation with the amplitude of the ULF oscillations. It has been shown that biogeosynchronization is mainly manifested during the recovery phase of magnetic storms, provided that at this time, the geomagnetic ULF oscillations are in phase at large distances along the observation meridian (Rs = 0.531, p < 0.00001). These results confirm that geomagnetic variations in the ULF range serve as a rhythm sensor for a healthy body under normal conditions. Being a “case study”, our results require further verification on large volumes of data in different geomagnetic conditions.
Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the Brazilian Legal Amazon: A Summary of Climatological Patterns and Detected Trends
Authors: Luiz-Silva Wanderson , Bazzanela Anna Carolina Fernandes , Dereczynski Claudine Pereira , Oscar-Júnior Antonio Carlos , Raupp Igor Pinheiro
Published: February 2025

The continuous understanding of extreme weather events in the Amazon is fundamental due to the importance of this biome for the regional and planetary climate system. Climate characterization and the identification of changes in the current climate can be key findings for adaptation and mitigation measures. This study examined climatology and trends in 20 climate extreme indices associated with air temperature and precipitation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). Daily observed data, interpolated at grid points, were analyzed from 1961 to 2020. Statistical tests were employed to determine the trend’s significance and magnitude. The results indicate that prolonged heat, hot days, and annual temperature records have become increasingly frequent in practically all of BLA over the last decades. Warm days and nights are increasing at approximately +11 days/decade. Heat waves have gone from 10 to 20 consecutive days on average in the 1960s to around 30–40 days in recent years. Indices associated with the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation show a reduction, especially in the rainiest portion of the BLA, the western sector. In the east/south region of BLA, where consecutive dry days reach 100 days/year, they continue to increase at a rate of +1.5 days/decade, a fact related to the delay at the beginning of the rainy season. These aspects deserve attention since they impact local circulation, reducing the convergence of humidity not only over the BLA but also in central-southern region of Brazil.
Skill Validation of High-Impact Rainfall Forecasts over Vietnam Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and Dynamical Downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Duc Tran Anh , Khiem Mai Van , Hung Mai Khanh , Quan Dang Dinh , Trang Do Thuy , Nam Hoang Gia , Hole Lars R. , Tien Du Duc
Published: February 2025

This research evaluates the quality of high-impact rainfall forecasts across Vietnam and its sub-climate regions. The 3-day rainfall forecast products evaluated include the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) High-Resolution Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and its downscaled outputs using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Advanced Research WRF core (WRF-ARW): direct downscaling and downscaling with data assimilation. A full 5-year validation period from 2019 to 2025 was processed. The validation focused on basic rainfall thresholds and also considered the distribution of skill scores for intense events and extreme events. The validations revealed systematic errors (bias) in the models at low rainfall thresholds. The forecast skill was the lowest for northern regions, while the central regions exhibited the highest. For regions strongly affected by terrain, high-resolution downscaling with local observation data assimilation is necessary to improve the detectability of extreme events.
Gender Differences in Joint Biomechanics During Obstacle Crossing with Different Heights
Authors: Wang Chenyan , Guo Yuan , Du Weijin , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Weiyi
Published: February 2025

Identifying gender-related gait changes offers valuable insights into the role of gender in motor control. It is anticipated that more difficult gait tasks (obstacle crossing) may reveal gender-specific effects on gait parameters. The present study aimed to explore the gait adaptations of male and female participants when stepping over obstacles of 0 cm, 13 cm, 19 cm, and 26 cm in height. A total of 12 male and 12 female participants were recruited. The Vicon motion capture system and AMTI force plates were utilized to obtain the gait parameters. Moreover, spatiotemporal parameters were investigated. Two-way repeated ANOVA (gender × obstacle height) and three-way repeated ANOVA (gender × obstacle height × leg) were performed to compare gait parameters, respectively. Correlations between maximum joint angle and obstacle height were also evaluated. Significant interactions were observed for leading leg swing time, maximum hip extension angle, maximum knee flexion angle, and maximum ankle plantarflexion angle (gender × obstacle height). There were some differences in gait parameters between males and females in the unobstructed gait, and these changes became more evident as obstacle height increased. This study also identified significant differences in gait parameters between leading and trailing legs when stepping over the obstacle.
Anti-Bacterial Properties and Hemocompatibility of Alkali Treated Nano-Structured Micro-Porous Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Savargaonkar Aniruddha Vijay , Holloway Emma , Madruga Liszt Y. C. , Pereira Bruno L , Soares Paulo , Popat Ketul C.
Published: February 2025

Titanium and its alloys have been the material of choice for orthopedic implants due to their excellent physical properties as well as biocompatibility. However, titanium is not able to integrate with bone due to the mismatch of mechanical properties. Additionally, bone has a micro–nano hierarchy, which is absent on titanium’s surface. A potential solution to the former is to make the surfaces porous to bring the mechanical properties closer to that of the bone, and a solution for the latter is to fabricate nanostructures. In this study, micro-porous titanium surfaces were hydrothermally treated using an alkali medium to fabricate nanostructures on the existing micro-porosity of the surface. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. The anti-bacterial properties of the surfaces were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Blood clotting is shown to improve the surface-to-bone integration; hence, whole blood clotting and platelet adhesion and activation were evaluated using a whole blood clotting assay, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that nanostructured micro-porous titanium surfaces display significantly enhanced anti-bacterial properties as well as equivalent blood clotting characteristics compared to non-porous titanium surfaces.
A Ratiometric Fluorescence Nano pH Biosensor for Live-Cell Imaging Using Cerasome
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiao , Luo Xiaoshan , Wang Xuanbo , Liu Meng , Yue Xiuli , Zheng Zhaozhu
Published: February 2025

The development of a robust and biocompatible pH-sensing platform is critical for monitoring intracellular processes and diagnosing diseases. Here, we present a smart ultrastable ratiometric fluorescence nano pH sensor based on silica-coated liposome nanoparticles (cerasome, 138.4 nm). The sensor integrates pH-sensitive dye, pyranine, within cerasome, achieving enhanced photostability, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. Its unique ratiometric design enables precise pH monitoring with minimal photobleaching and quenching, covering a linear detection range of pH 6.25–8.5. The hybrid nanoparticles exhibit high morphological stability, making them suitable for real-time intracellular pH measurement. This novel platform shows great promise for applications in cellular biology, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring, offering a versatile tool for biomedical research.