bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Wave Magnitude Projection in the Middle Awash Basin Under Coupled Model Intercomparison Project the 6th Phase (CMIP6)
Authors: Badacho Tadele Badebo
Published: June 2023

Globally, the intensity and irregularity of weather and climate extremes are increasing due to climate change. In Ethiopia, the occurrence of extreme events has been increasing, reporting severe impacts on environment which led to losses of lives and livelihood of societies. In this study, Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId) was used to analysis heat wave magnitude in the Middle Awash Basin of Ethiopia. Gauge data obtained from Ethiopian Meteorological Institution (EMI) for 1981-2022 period and the future projection was taken from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under two socioeconomic pathways (SSP 2 and SSP 5) scenarios. The findings clearly showed that the area aggregated annual temperature anomaly increasing each year, 2015 was one of the warmest year on record with an anomaly of +1.8 °C. Severe to extreme heat wave recorded particularly during the last 10 years. For the future projection, under SSP 2-4.5 forcing scenario, the annual average air temperature projected to be warmer, which increasing 1.7 ℃ to 1.8 ℃ during mid-century and 2.3 ℃ to 2.4 ℃ end of century. Meanwhile, for SSP 5-8.5 forcing, the projection indicated an increment of 2.2 ℃ to 2.5 ℃ under mid-century and 4.4 ℃ to 4.8 ℃ end of century. Concerning the severity of heat wave, extreme to very extreme heat wave projected under SSP 2-4.5 forcing scenario and supper extreme heat wave projected under SSP 5-8.5 forcing scenario, respectively. The increase in extreme events may have a negative impact on health, water availability and food security. Therefore, the result of this study are essential for making wise decisions and for developing suitable strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation that could minimize the risk of unusually extreme weather events.
Automatic Epileptic Seizure Prediction Based on Convolutional Neural Network and EEG Signal
Authors: Alizadeh Golamali , Yousefi Rezaii Tohidy , Meshgini Saeed
Published: June 2023

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. To diagnose and estimate the occurrence of epilepsy, the analysis of recorded brain activity is performed by a neurologist, which is not only time-consuming and tedious but also occasionally accompanied by human error. Therefore, in recent decades, researchers have aimed to unravel an approach for designing and building an automated method for diagnosing and estimating the occurrence of epilepsy. Accordingly, the present study proposed two new-fangled ways based on brain signals and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Moreover, this research implements a CNN with a sequential three-layer structure. Numerous experiments were performed, and the accuracy of estimating epilepsy using the developed methods was achieved at 95% without feedback and 97% with feedback. The proposed methods were proven to be more accurate than the previous techniques and can be employed as a physician's assistant once entering the field of operation.
Could Systemic Inflammatory Index Predict Diabetic Kidney Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Taslamacioglu Duman Tuba , Balci Buse , Ozkul Feyza Nihal
Published: June 2023

Background: The systemic inflammatory index (SII) is a new inflammatory marker that has been the subject of various studies in diseases with chronic inflammation. Diabetic nephropathy is also a disease that goes with chronic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the relationship be-tween SII and diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Patients with diabetes who applied to our outpatient clinic are included in the study. Diabetic patients are divided into two groups: those with diabetic nephropathy and those with-out. In addition, healthy individuals who applied to our clinic for general check-ups during these dates are included as control group. The SII values and other characteristics of the three study groups are compared.

Results: The median SII value for those with DKI was 584 (178-4819); for those without DKI, it was 282 (64-618); and for the control group, it was 236 (77.5-617) (p<0.001). SII was significantly and positively correlated with BMI, weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, CRP and creatinine, and neg-atively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value. The SII value higher than 336 has 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity in detecting DKI.

Conclusion: The SII value could predict diabetic kidney injury in diabetics and it could be used as an adjunctive diagnostic tool.
METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS. METAPHORS-STRATEGIES (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Authors: Bondarenko Oleksiy , Ustynenko Oleksandr , Serykov Volodymyr
Published: June 2023

The relevance of modern metaheuristic algorithms, clarification of a number of terms and relationships between them, the need for classification, as well as metaphors used to describe algorithms are described. This makes it possible to understand the need to cover the specified topic and conduct research on literary sources related to the issue. A number of terms and categories and their interrelationships were considered, which made it possible to propose a classification of metaheuristic algorithms. An approach to the classification of metaheuristic algorithms based on the terms and division of categories taken from the natural sciences is proposed. According to the names of the classes, their filling takes place. This makes it possible to combine a certain segment of knowledge into a cluster with a single terminology. Considering the category of "metaphor" and its functions in the formation of metaheuristic algorithms, it made it possible to gain a deeper understanding of the possibilities of using metaphors in scientific activity and to form a list of requirements for them when describing algorithms. An overview of interesting, original and diverse metaheuristic algorithms was conducted, which made it possible to understand modern trends in this issue, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms, as well as to understand and shape the role of metaphor in their formation or description. Also, the review makes it possible to distinguish two intellectual directions of using metaphors: helping to increase understanding and intensifying the delivery of the idea to the target audience of an already developed algorithm or strategy and the development of new algorithms or strategies for finding optimal parameters. The system of formation and design of new knowledge and the role of metaphor in it are considered. The system triangle "idea-algorithm-metaphor" has been formed, as well as possible ways of development in this system, which allows the developer to define or choose a certain path and its subsequent stages.
Keywords: metaheuristic algorithm, metaphor, optimization.
CALCULATION OF GAS-DYNAMICS PARAMETERS AND STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF CELSIAN CERAMICS PRODUCTS
Authors: Lisachuk Georgiy , Tkachuk Mykola А. , Vasyliev Anton , Breslavsky Dmytro , Kryvobok Ruslan , Voloshchuk Valentyna
Published: June 2023

In the work using the finite element method, an analysis of the behavior of nose fairings made of radio-transparent ceramic materials of celsian composition was carried out. Determination of parameters of gas dynamics and stress-strain state was carried out using licensed ANSYS software. SSG Reynold Stress turbulence model was chosen for accurate air flow simulation. Geometric and finite element models were used to calculate strength and temperature fields. The analysis of the results of gas-dynamic calculations shows that at the point of transition of the conical part of the rocket into the cylindrical part, there is a sharp change in the flow conditions and a disruption of the flow in the range of speeds of 100-1100 m/s. As a result of modeling the distribution of temperature fields with the stated task, it was established that the temperature on the inner surface of the fairing differs from the temperature on the outer surface by no more than ±1 °C on average, and the maximum surface heating temperature does not exceed 550 °C. According to the results of calculations of the stress-strain state under temperature regimes that simulate the conditions of their operation, it was concluded that under the considered conditions the equivalent (≤ 69.3 MPa) and main (≤ 40 MPa) stresses occurring in the nose fairing are not exceed the bending strength limit for celsian ceramics (290 MPa). It can be observed that the maximum temperature difference in thickness corresponds to the part of the fairing with the minimum radius. Movements on the surface of the fairing do not exceed 0.25 mm, which is acceptable according to the specified parameters. The parametric model provides advantages in justifying rational technical solutions. Ultimately, the nose fairing, made of celsian ceramics, will maintain its integrity in real operating conditions.
Keywords: radiotransparent celsian ceramics; nose fairing; finite element method; gas dynamics; thermophysical calculations; strength; stress-strain state
ANALYSIS OF MODELS OF THE DYNAMICS AND STRESS-DEFORMED STATE OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE TRANSITIONAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF THE TURRET SHEET OF LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLES
Authors: Mormylo Jakov , Zhadan Volodymyr , Danylchenko Viacheslav , Tkachuk Mykola M. , Grabovskiy Andrey , Trotsenko Volodymyr , Nabokov Anatoliy , Rіkunov Oleg , Tkachuk Mykola А. , Vasyliev Anton , Dereviankin Roman , Koba Andrii
Published: June 2023

The work describes a parametric model of the dynamics and stress-strain state of the elements of the transitional supporting structure of the sub-turret sheet of light armored vehicles. The mass-inertial characteristics of the combat module, the thickness and overall dimensions of the underturret transition sheet, as well as the rate of fire and the caliber of the combat module’s weapons are used as varied parameters. The effect of the thickness of the transition unertower sheet on the natural frequencies and forms of vibrations was studied. The response of the structure to the action of impulse reactive recoil forces when firing from a combat module is also determined. Based on the calculations made for the test design, the regularities of the influence of varied parameters on the dynamics and stress-strain state of the elements of the transitional power structure of the underturret sheet of light armored vehicles were established. The developed model makes it possible to form a specialized database. This database accumulates information about the dynamic, stiffness and strength properties of the system «combat module - transitional structure of the underturret sheet of the armored hull of a lightly armored vehicle». This makes it possible to proceed to the analysis of the properties of real structures, as well as to the formation of recommendations regarding the substantiation of the rational parameters of the elements of lightly armored vehicles that are being designed or modernized.
Keywords: lightly armored vehicle; combat module; undertower sheet; dynamics; stress-strain state; varied parameters
ENSURING OF ACCURACY DURING PROCESSING OF HEAVY MACHINERY OBJECTS WITH PORTABLE MACHINES
Authors: Yakovenko Ihor , Permyakov Oleksandr , Basova Yevheniia , Kotliar Alexey , Rudenko Oleksii
Published: June 2023

The main layout features of portable machines with stationary machines of various groups are analyzed. The prospects and market trends for the growth in this class's equipment use in solving the problems of repair and modernization of various objects of heavy and power engineering, as well as in conventional engineering production, have been established. The main reasons that affect the accuracy of surface shaping during processing by portable machines are established, both from the side of the layout structure of the equipment and from the technological parameters of the shaping process. The issues of the relationship of layout solutions with basing a portable machine on the processing object and the kinematic scheme of shaping are considered. Based on this relationship, the factors affecting the accuracy of shaping were established and analyzed, which formed the basis of the proposed method for controlling accuracy at the early stages of creating portable machines, namely through the use of an aggregate-modular principle of equipment layout at the design stage of portable machines. This approach emphasizes the compliance of the proposed methodology with three modern concepts for the development of industrial production, namely, the widespread use of mechatronic systems, product lifecycle management through CALS technologies, and an integrated approach to creating technological systems through information technologies that form the basis of Industry 4.0. Based on the conducted research, a method for designing portable machine tools is proposed that provides control over the accuracy of processing, the layout of which is based on the aggregate-modular principle using the certification of technological modules.
Keywords: mechanical processing, portable machine tools, layout, aggregate-modular principle, design, accuracy
Penerapan Prinsip Ekowisata dalam Penyelenggaraan Pariwisata Alam di Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Kawah Ijen
Authors: Fitriawati Fitriawati , Suroso Djoko Santoso Abi
Published: June 2023

Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Kawah Ijen merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata unggulan nasional. Sebagai kawasan konservasi, prinsip ekowisata harus dipenuhi untuk dapat mengakomodasi peruntukan pariwisata dan fungsi konservasinya. Hal ini untuk meminimalkan potensi dampak negatif dari semakin meningkatnya pengunjung TWA Kawah Ijen. Tulisan ini memaparkan kajian penerapan prinsip ekowisata di TWA Kawah Ijen dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik ekowisata di TWA Kawah Ijen belum memenuhi prinsip ekowisata secara menyeluruh. Pelaksanaan ekowisata di kawasan tersebut cenderung memenuhi prinsip kedua, yaitu peningkatan sosial ekonomi masyarakat lokal melalui pelibatan masyarakat, sedangkan prinsip konservasi dan prinsip edukasi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik.

 

Kata Kunci: ekowisata, konservasi, pariwisata berkelanjutan, taman wisata alam
Penerapan Teknologi Panel Surya untuk Penerangan dalam Mendukung Green Environment dalam Implementasi Ekonomi Sirkular
Authors: Tanto Kris
Published: June 2023

In the face of global trends today, the world is faced with "global uncertainty" where the threat to the food and energy crisis has become more real after the COVID-19 pandemic and the conditions at the time of writing in relation to the war between Russia - Ukraine, the world needs certainty of need for sustainable energy for the survival of human civilization. Commodities from energy sources derived from fossil fuels are becoming increasingly expensive with the embargo against the largest oil and gas producing country in Europe, namely Russia, making world oil and gas prices soar in 2022. Likewise, conditions in Indonesia where the largest non-reversible energy source produced, namely coal for most of our power plants, has also increased due to soaring demand in other parts of the world that lack oil and gas due to the effects of war. So this study looks at and observes directly the application of solar panel technology and innovation with solar energy sources that are converted into electrical energy for lighting needs in the fields of plantations, mining, warehousing and also in the marine sector for the needs of fishing boats. The results of this study indicate a very good level of feasibility in the warehousing and marine business sectors. We can maximize this solar panel because there are abundant sources of sunlight in Indonesia, so that a circular economy will be created in terms of the utilization of energy sources and will end in the creation of a green environment because sunlight is a renewable energy source that is so environmentally friendly and on a large macro scale it also will help the government to reduce subsidies for fuel oil due to use in the marine sector which is very dependent on this energy.
Pemetaan Persebaran Penyakit Malaria di Kecamatan Punduh Pidada, Kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Nugraheni Irma Lusi , Usman Mustofa , Sutarto Sutarto
Published: June 2023

Penularan malaria di Kabupaten Pesawaran mengalami penurunan selama tiga tahun berturut turut yaitu tahun 2018 sampai 2020 di mana mencapai angka API sebesar 0.67 per 1000 penduduk. Pada tahun 2020 Kecamatan Punduh Pidada memiliki kasus positif malaria sebanyak 28 kasus. Faktormempengaruhi jumlah kasus penularan malaria diantaranya faktor lingkungan seperti curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, dan ketinggian tempat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persebaran malaria dilihat dari faktor penularan berupa faktor lingkungan berupa penggunaan lahan dan topografi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik buffering dan analisis peta. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan dan topografi memiliki pengaruh terhadap jumlah kasus penularan malaria di Kecamatan Punduh Pidada.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 03.06.2023 г. по 09.06.2023 г.
Authors: Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Дмитриева Людмила , Осина Наталия , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2023

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 03.06.2023 г. по 09.06.2023 г.
A Trial of the Assistive Technology EquatIO in an Irish University
Authors: Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , O'Neill Rachel , Palan Ruchi
Published: June 2023

In this case study, we report on the trial of the assistive technology EquatIO with students studying mathematics and statistics at Maynooth University (MU) during the 2021-22 academic year. This software, provided by the MAP (Maynooth Access Programme) Office, was made available to support students who presented to MAP with a difficulty writing mathematics. In this paper, we give a brief outline of EquatIO and the trial. We then describe the feedback received from students who engaged with the software. Finally, we close with conclusions on our experience of providing the software for students, including observations from the tutor who assisted students as part of the trial, and end with our recommendations for possible future supports.
SurvInt: A simple tool to obtain precise parametric survival extrapolations
Authors: Gallacher Daniel
Published: June 2023

Background
Economic evaluation of emerging health technologies is mandated by agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to ensure their cost is proportional to their benefit. To avoid bias, NICE stipulate that the benefit of a treatment is assessed across the lifetime of the patient population, which can be many decades. Unfortunately, follow-up from a clinical trial will not usually cover the required period and the observed follow-up will require extrapolation. For survival data this is often done by selecting a preferred model from a set of candidate parametric models. This approach is limited in that the choice of model is restricted to those originally fitted. What if none of the models are consistent with clinical prediction or external data?
Method/Results
This paper introduces SurvInt (formerly SurvExtrap), a tool that estimates the parameters of common parametric survival models which interpolate key survival time co-ordinates specified by the user, which could come from external trials, real world data or expert clinical opinion. This is achieved by solving simultaneous equations based on the survival functions of the parametric models. The application of SurvInt is shown through two examples where traditional parametric modelling did not produce models that were consistent with external data or clinical opinion. Additional features include model averaging, background mortality, piecewise modelling and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
Conclusions
SurvInt allows precise parametric survival models to be estimated and carried forward into economic models. It provides access to extrapolations that are consistent with multiple data sources such as observed data and clinical predictions, opening the door to precise exploration of regions of uncertainty/disagreement. SurvInt could avoid the need for post-hoc adjustments for complications such as treatment switching, which are often applied to obtain a plausible survival model. Phase III clinical trials are not designed with extrapolation in mind, and so it is sensible to consider alternative approaches to predict future survival that incorporate external information.
Expert Consensus on the Management of Advanced Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Indian Perspective (Pearl-india)
Authors: Sahoo Tarini Parad , Desai Chirag , Aggarwal Shyam , Rauthan Amit , Dabhar Boman , Biswas Ghanashyam , Batra Sandeep , Saha Rajat , Phillips Arun , Agarwal Vijay , Dattatreya Palanki Satya , Mohapatra P N , Deshmukh Chetan , Bhagat Sagar , Patil Saiprasad , Barkate Hanmant
Published: June 2023

In advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (aRCC), systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with no or little role for surgery in these patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune-oncological (IOs) therapies, either alone or in combination, are recommended in these patients depending on patient and tumour factors. The sequencing of therapies is critical in RCC because the choice of subsequent line therapy is heavily dependent on the response and duration of the previous treatment. There are additional barriers to RCC treatment in India. Immunotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment in ccRCC, but it is prohibitively expensive and not always reimbursed, effectively putting it out of reach for the vast majority of eligible patients in India. Furthermore, in advanced RCC (particularly the clear cell variety), Indian oncologists consider the disease burden of the patients, which is particularly dependent on the quantum of the disease load, clinical symptoms, and performance status of the patient, before deciding on treatment. There are no India-specific guidelines for clear cell RCC (ccRCC) treatment or the positioning and sequencing of molecules in the management of advanced ccRCC that take these country-specific issues into account. The current consensus article provides expert recommendations and treatment algorithms based on existing clinical evidence, which will be useful to specialists managing advanced ccRCC.
An improved self-organizing mapping neural network and its application in fault diagnosis of CNC machine tool servo drive system
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Cao Yong , Zhang Tao , Sun Liansheng , Xu Lei , Liu Zhifeng
Published: June 2023

The computer numerically controlled (CNC) system is the main functional component of the CNC machine tool control system, whose essential part is the servo-drive system. The failure cause of the servo-drive system can be challenging to diagnose due to the complex working environment. Therefore, effectively detecting servo-drive system faults ensures the regular operation of CNC machine tools. In this paper, an improved self-organizing mapped neural network method is proposed and applied to fault diagnosis of the servo-drive system. The MDC technology can identify hidden fault features in data and diagnose fault types based on various data collected by the MDC system and working parameter range indicators. The method's core is the self-organizing mapped neural network that employs the competitive learning mechanism of unsupervised learning to perform cluster analysis on data with different characteristics, find the winning neurons, and diagnose the fault data. In addition, feature standardization and principal component analysis are introduced to preprocess the input data set, which can balance the influence of different feature scales, enhance the fault data features, and reduce data dimension. The rationality of this technique in practical application is validated via a series of fault data sets tests. Lastly, the advantages of the proposed technique are verified by comparison with other standard methods.
Activation of LIMK/Cofilin signaling pathway via extracellular matrix-integrin interaction is critical for generation of mature and vascularized cardiac organoids
Authors: Noh Ji-Min , Choi Seung-Cheol , Song Myeong-Hwa , Kim Kyung Seob , Jun Seongmin , Park Jae Hyoung , Kim Ju Hyeon , Kim Kyoungmi , Ko Tae Hee , Choi Jong-Il , Gim Jeong-An , Kim Jong-Hoon , Jang Yongjun , Park Yongdoo , Na Ji Eun , Rhyu Im Joo , Lim Do-Sun
Published: June 2023

The generation of mature and vascularized human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hPSC-COs) is necessary to ensure the validity of drug screening and disease modeling. This study investigates the effects of cellular aggregate (CA) stemness and self-organization on the generation of mature and vascularized hPSC-COs and elucidates the mechanisms underlying CO maturation and vascularization. H-COs were generated from early CAs with high stemness, and L-COs were generated from late CAs with low stemness under a self-organized microenvironment by Wnt signaling induction. The study finds that H-COs exhibit ventricular, structural, metabolic, and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and vessel networks consisting of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and basement membranes compared to L-COs. Transcriptional profiling shows the upregulation of genes associated with cardiac maturation and vessel formation in H-COs compared with those in L-COs. Activation of ROCK-LIMK-pCofilin via ECM–integrin interaction leads to cardiomyocyte maturation and vessel formation in H-COs through experiments with LIMK inhibitors. Furthermore, the LIMK/Cofilin signaling pathway induces TGFβ/NODAL and PDGF pathway activation for the maturation and vascularization of H-COs. The study demonstrates for the first time that LIMK/Cofilin axis activation plays an important role in the generation of mature and vascularized COs.
Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Jing , Chen Yexin , Liu Yan , Lin Lin , Lin Xiujuan , Gong Wenxiu , Xia Rongmu , He Jianquan , Sheng Jianwen , Cai Huimei , Xiao Chuanxing
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To explore the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment approach for ulcerative colitis (UC), a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted.
Methods
To collect and evaluate randomized controlled trials of high quality on FMT for UC, we searched a number of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline, for studies published between the establishment of the databases and March 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis of the studies using Review Manager software (version 5.4.1) to determine the differences in rates of remission and adverse reactions between the FMT group and the control group, utilizing the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to combine our findings.
Results
A total of 13 RCTs on the efficacy of FMT in patients with UC were included in the study, in which 580 patients participated, including 293 patients treated with FMT and 287 control subjects. Meta-analysis revealed that clinical remission was significantly better in the FMT group than in the control group [RR = 1.73; 95% CI = (1.41, 2.12); P < 0.00001]; endoscopic remission was significantly better in the FMT group than in the control group [RR = 1.74; 95% CI = (1.24, 2.44); P = 0.001]. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [RR = 1.00; 95% CI = (0.86, 1.15); P = 0.96].
Conclusions
FMT is an effective treatment for UC with good clinical remission rates and endoscopic remission rates. However, safety remains a concern during treatment and measures must be taken to enhance both safety and success rates.
Development of novel non-woven Triumfetta cordifolia bast fibers and polylactide fibers biocomposites
Authors: Mewoli Armel , Segovia César , Ebanda Fabien Betene , Ateba Atangana , Girods Pierre , Nicolas Brosse
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the development of needle-punched nonwoven composites reinforced with a Triumfetta cordifolia (TC) bast fiber based on a polylactide (PLA) matrix. Flax and hemp fibers, already known for their use in automotive applications, are used as a reference for comparison purposes. TC bast fibers from the equatorial region of Cameroon were extracted by a water retting process. Nonwoven felts were obtained by mixing TC fibers with PLA (50:50 weight ratio) through carding-napping process. The composite materials were obtained by thermocompression of the nonwoven felts with two thickness ranges (2 mm and 3 mm). The results obtained in tensile and flexural tests showed that composite materials with an optimal thickness of 2 mm displayed better mechanical performances. The anisotropy of the mechanical properties in traction and flexion of these composites was highlighted. It was found that the tensile and flexural mechanical properties in the transverse direction (CD) are always superior to those in the machine direction (MD). Compared to flax or hemp nonwoven-reinforced biocomposites, TC fibers-based nonwoven biocomposites showed slightly lower maximum tensile and flexural stiffness values of 2882.7 MPa and 3908.6 MPa respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of the plant fibers increased the thermal stability of PLA and the ash content to 8%.
Improving quantitative structure models with an Huxley protocol based filter
Authors: Hackenberg Jan , Bontemps Jean-Daniel
Published: June 2023

Quantitative structure models (\texttt{QSMs}) are topological orderedcylinder models of trees whichdescribe the branching structure up to the tips. \\Methods:We present unpublished tree describing parameters which can bederived from a single Quantitative Structure Model (\texttt{QSM}). The parameters areused to build two \texttt{Radius} correctionfilters.\\Results:For validation we use QSMs produced from an open point clouddata set of tree clouds with the SimpleForest software. We comparethe QSM volume against the harvested reference data for 65 felledtrees. We also found QSM data of TreeQSM, a competitive andbroadly accepted QSM modeling tool. Our RMSE was less than 40% of the TreeQSM RMSE.\\For other error measures, the\texttt{r\textsuperscript{2}\textsubscript{adj.}}and the \texttt{CCC}, the relative improvement looked even better withreaching only 27 % and 21 % of the TreeQSM errors respectively.\\Conclusions:In forest ecology we should use the here presented pipelineto build accurate \texttt{QSMs} for reasons of: \\\texttt{Quality - }With the invention of the \texttt{QSM} \texttt{Radius} filter techniquesweimprove tree volume prediction capabilities utilizing \texttt{QSMs}.\\\texttt{Quantity - }More data can be collected with \texttt{QSMs} than with traditionalmethods. Here we use modelsbuild on more than ten thousand measurements.\\
Adaptive evaluation of mHealth and conventional adherence support interventions to optimize outcomes with new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in South Africa (ADAP-TIV): Study protocol for an adaptive randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ross Jesse E , Perumal Rubeshan , Wolf Allison , Zulu Mbali , Guzman Kevin , Seepamore Boitumelo , Reis Karl , Nyilana Hlengiwe , Hlathi Senzo , Narasimmulu Radhamoney , Cheung Ying Keun K , Amico K Rivet , Friedland Gerald , Daftary Amrita , Zelnick Jennifer , Naidoo Kogieleum , O'Donnell Max R
Published: June 2023

Background Highly effective, short course, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing fixed dose combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) have radically transformed treatment for MDR-TB and HIV. However, without advances in adherence support, we may not realize the full potential of these therapeutics. The primary objective of this study is to compare the effect of adherence support interventions on clinical and biological endpoints using an adaptive randomized platform.
Methods This is a prospective, adaptive, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of four adherence support strategies on a composite clinical outcome in adults with MDR-TB and HIV initiating bedaquiline-containing MDR-TB treatment regimens and receiving ART in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trial arms include 1) enhanced standard of care; 2) psychosocial support; 3) mHealth using cellular-enabled electronic dose monitoring; 4) combined mHealth and psychosocial support. The level of support will be titrated using a differentiated service delivery (DSD)-informed assessment of treatment support needs. The composite primary outcome will be include survival, negative TB culture, retention in care and undetectable HIV viral load at month 12. Secondary outcomes will include individual components of the primary outcome and quantitative evaluation of adherence on TB and HIV treatment outcomes.
Discussion This trial will evaluate the contribution of different modes of adherence support on MDR-TB and HIV outcomes with WHO recommended all-oral MDR-TB regimens and ART in a high-burden operational setting. We will also assess the utility of a DSD framework to pragmatically adjust levels of MDR-TB and HIV treatment support.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05633056 | December 1, 2022
Funded by The National Institutes of Health (NIH). Grant # R01 AI167798-01A1 (MO)
Effects of sleep-disordered breathing on serum lipid levels in children:a case control study
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhang XiaoYun , Wang Binbin , Lei Fei , Dai Li , Sun Xiaoru , Zhao Yu , Zhu Ping , Zou Jian
Published: June 2023

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during childhood is common and includes a range of breathing abnormalities that range from primary snoring (PS) to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Studies have shown that not only OSAS, but also PS, which is originally considered harmless, could cause cardiovascular, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial problems. Many researches are focused on the relation of OSA and serum lipid levels. However, little studies are focused on PS and serum lipid levels in children.We evaluated whether serum lipid (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) concentrations were associated with specific components of SDB, including indices of oxygen reduction index, lowest oxygen saturation, mean oxygen saturation. And we explored whether serum lipid levels were associated with different degree sleep disordered (PS and OSA group) and obese.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Children who were complained by their guardians with habitual snoring and(or) mouth breathing were collected in the SDB group. Normal children without sleep problem were matched in the control group. Subjects in the SDB group underwent polysomnography. The serum lipid profiles of all the children included TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations were measured by appropriate enzymatic assays.
Results: A total of 241 with Apnea/Hypopnea Index≥5 (AHI) were assigned to the OSAS group and the remaining 155 with normal AHI were assigned to the PS group. The values of TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL/HDL were significantly higher in the OSAS group than in the PS group, and the values in the PS group were significantly higher than the control group. Multiple regression analysis revealed serum TG only correlated negatively with lowest oxygen saturation. Body mass index-z score has a positive effect on TG in all the 1310 children (P=0.031) and in SDB 396 children(P=0.012). The level of serum TG in obese group was significantly higher than that in non-obese group.
Conclusions: SDB had a very obvious effect on blood lipids, whereas PS without apnea and hypoxia. Obese only affects the aggregation of TG.
Impairments in sleep and brain molecular clearance in people with cognitive deterioration and biological evidence of AD: A report of four cases
Authors: Buongiorno Mariateresa , Granell Esther , Caruana Giovanni , Sansa Gemma , Vives-Gilabert Yolanda , Cullell Natalia , Molina-Seguin Jessica , Almeria Marta , Artero Cristina , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Ray Nicola J , Correa Sonia A.L. , Krupinski Jerzy
Published: June 2023

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the failure of the glymphatic system – the brain’s waste clearance system, which is active during sleep – plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Glymphatic function can be investigated using serial MRIs after intrathecal gadobutrol injection. This technique can reveal the health of the glymphatic system, but has not yet been used in participants with cognitive impairment due to AD.Case report: This report describes the sleep and gadobutrol tracer clearance patterns of four participants diagnosed with mild to moderate cognitive impairment with evidence of AD pathology (pathological levels of Ab and p-tau in cerebrospinal fluid). We performed polysomnography and MRI studies before tracer injection and MRI scans at 1.5-2 h, 5–6 h, and 48 h after injection. Despite participants reporting no sleep problems, polysomnography revealed that all participants had moderate to severe sleep disturbances, including reduced sleep efficiency and obstructive sleep apnea. Severe side-effects related to tracer administration were observed, impeding the completion of the protocol in two participants. Participants who finished the protocol displayed delayed and persistent tracer enrichment in the cortex and white matter, even 48 h after injection. These outcomes have not been observed in previous studies in participants without AD.Conclusion: The findings imply that brains with sleep impairment and AD pathology have poor glymphatic function, and therefore cannot clear the contrast tracer efficiently, This is likely to have caused the severe side effects in our participants, that have not been reported in healthy individuals.
Research on blasting mechanism and blasting effect of aqueous media in open pit coal mines
Authors: Ding Xiaohua , Qin Hao , Ao Zhongchen , Li Xiaoshuang , Huang Kexin , Xiao Shuangshuang , Wu Mao , Zhang Donghua
Published: June 2023

The existing mining procedure for coal surface mining is perforation-blasting-mining-loading-transportation-disposal, in which the blasting link has problems such as low loading efficiency due to poor blasting effects and environmental pollution caused by the dust generated by blasting. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the mechanical characteristics of the aqueous media, its role in transferring energy during blasting, the role of the aqueous media in energy transfer, and the bubble pulsation phenomenon. The dynamic process of blasting was simulated with the help of TrueGrid/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software to study the changes in the maximum principal stresses at the perimeter of the hole, the top and the foot of the slope. Finally, blasting field tests were carried out in conjunction with actual mine production conditions. The dust reduction rate of aqueous media blasting reached 75%, and a comprehensive evaluation of two groups of traditional dry hole blasting and three groups of aqueous media blasting was carried out using the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with Castleman disease and secondary paraneoplastic pemphigus: A case report
Authors: Ma xin , Li jiyuan , Fan linlin , Jiang hongwei , Shi gaishao , Ge dongfeng , Shi Xiaofei
Published: June 2023

Background: The literature describes a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with Castleman's disease (CD) and secondary paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP).
Case presentation: A 12-year-old female presented with a neck mass, rash, arthralgia, and skin and mouth ulceration for 5 years were admitted. All blood cells were low. Multiple autoantibodies associated with SLE were positive. The pathology of the neck mass revealed the classical manifestations of CD. She was treated with prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, thalidomide, and dressings. Pathological examination of the skin revealed PNP. The neck mass was removed and continued to take antirheumatic drugs. At subsequent follow-up, the patient's disease status was stable and the skin mucosal lesion did not recur.
Conclusion: The case of simultaneous SLE, CD, and PNP in children was rarely reported, and the correct diagnosis of the disease will help to take timely treatment.
Space Weather Impacts on the Ionosphere over the African Mid-latitude Region
Authors: Matamba Tshimangadzo Merline , Danskin Donald William , Nndanganeni Rendani Rejoyce , Tshisaphungo Mpho
Published: June 2023

The ionosphere suffers major perturbations during severe space weather events such as Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), solar flares, high-speed streams, and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIR). During severe space weather conditions, the ionosphere can experience depletions or enhancements in Total Electron Content (TEC). The South African National Space Agency (SANSA) near-real-time (NRT) TEC maps were used to show the ionospheric variability during the geomagnetic storm of 3 – 8 Nov 2021 over the Southern Africa mid-latitude region. The ionosonde TEC, NRT TEC, and the quiet-time AfriTEC model were compared during the six-day period. A negative ionospheric response was observed during the main and recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm (4 – 5 Nov 2021). The changes to neutral composition O/N2 was one of the physical processes attributed to the decrease in TEC over the mid-latitude region. The GPS TEC maps showed a very good agreement with ionosonde measurements and the AfriTEC model. A strong east-west TEC gradient was observed occurring between two ionosonde stations.
Citizen data for global mapping of atmospheric urban heat islands
Authors: Lizana Jesus , Núñez-Peiró Miguel , Khosla Radhika , McCulloch Malcolm
Published: June 2023

Urban heat islands are compounding the dangerous impacts of urban heat exposure globally. Cities across geographies require immediate and advanced urban climate information with enough resolution to detect risks and prioritise local climate adaptation interventions for their people. This research analyses the applicability of 550,000 citizen weather stations globally, a network 12 times larger than professionally operated weather stations, to measure urban climate at the highest spatio-temporal resolution and support climate adaptation policies globally. Cities with higher citizen data availability worldwide are identified, and a first open-source procedure in Python is proposed that cities around the world can use. The approach is validated in London, integrating temperature data from Netatmo and Wunderground platforms. The validation tests showed how pre-processing techniques improve citizen data accuracy, decreasing mean temperature deviation from 0.98ºC to 0.48ºC, inside the precision range of sensors. Data analytic methods identified significant implications of urban overheating in the case of London, increasing annual cooling degree hours by 60% in some urban areas, with different night and daytime hot spots. Aerodynamics and imperviousness affected urban overheating at night and daytime differently, requiring different localised interventions. Such large-scale application and scalability of open-access and readily available citizen data networks can efficiently support and monitor localised climate adaptation to mitigate the impacts of rising heat.
Comparison of anesthetic effects of different doses of alfentanil combined with ciprofol in elderly patients undergoing ERCP :a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Jun , Gu Xiuxia , Zhu Wenhao , Zhu Xiuli , Ji Fanceng , Luo Yanhua , Liu Ning
Published: June 2023

Background and Objects: Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are often old and poor in physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anesthetic effect of different doses of alfentanil combined with ciprofol in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: In this clinical trial, 137 patients, who were candidates for ERCP were randomly divided into three groups. Group A were given 0.15 µg/kg/min of alfentanil in maintenance stage, Group B were given 0.25 µg/kg/min and Group C were given 0.35 µg/kg/min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the patients at each time point including the entry into the operation room (T0), at the beginning of surgery(T1), 10 minutes after surgery(T2), 20 minutes after surgery(T3), 30 minutes after surgery(T4),endoscopy withdrawal (T5) were recorded. Adverse events(including respiratory depression, body movement and hypoxemia),the dosage of ciprofen, the time of operation time and awakening were recorded. Results: Compared with Group A, MAP and HR in Group B and Group C was decreased during T1-T5 (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, MAP and HR in group C was decreased during T1-T5 (P < 0.05). Compared with Group A and Group C ,the number of adverse reactions of Group B was decreased(P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in surgical time among the three groups(P>0.05) ,but t a statistically significant difference in recovery time (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The adverse events of alfentanil 0.25µg/kg/min combined with ciprofol were low, and the anesthetic effect was the best.
Exploration of Coal-Water Dual Resource Synergistic Mining System under the Derived Hydrodynamic Water Inrush Mode
Authors: Meng shihao , Zeng Yifan , Wu Qiang , wang lu , yang lei , bao han , zhang ye , yang guoqing , du xin , pang kai , yang weihong , zhang yao , yu chao
Published: June 2023

As human activities such as mining and underground space utilization continue to intensify, the damage to overlying strata and the disturbance to groundwater systems are expanding accordingly. The process of water inrush caused by large-scale coal mining is more complex, requiring heightened standards for water hazard prevention and water resources protection. This paper presents a preliminary summary of the Derived Hydrodynamic Water Inrush Mode (DHWIM), which is relatively hidden and poses significant challenges to mine production safety and ecological environment protection. By elaborating on the concept and mechanism of the mode, an evaluation method and prevention measures are developed to explore a green mining technology system for coal-water dual resources. Unlike traditional research that primarily focuses on the mechanical mechanism of rock mass failure, DHWIM must take into account geological structure and hydrological characteristics. Additionally, pre-mining static evaluations are inadequate for accurately assessing the water hazard risk associated with DHWIM. Instead, an overall perspective that analyzes the dynamic changes of water inrush throughout the entire mining process is necessary. This study offers a crucial theoretical foundation for controlling water hazards in underground engineering, protecting ecological water resources, and promoting green mining.