bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New mouse models with hypomorphic SUMF1 variants mimic attenuated forms of multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Sorrentino Nicolina Cristina , Presa Maximiliano , Attanasio Sergio , Cacace Vincenzo , Sofia Martina , Zuberi Aamir , Ryan Jennifer , Ray Somdatta , Petkovic Igor , Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan , Schlotawa Lars , Ballabio Andrea , Lutz Cathleen , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola
Published: November 2022

Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is an ultrarare lysosomal storage disorder due to deficiency of all known sulfatases. MSD is caused by mutations in the Sulfatase Modifying Factor 1 (SUMF1) gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the post‐translational modification and activation of all sulfatases. Most MSD patients carry hypomorph SUMF1 variants resulting in variable degrees of residual sulfatase activities. In contrast, Sumf1 null mice with complete deficiency in all sulfatase enzyme activities, have very short lifespan with significant pre‐wean lethality, owing to a challenging preclinical model. To overcome this limitation, we genetically engineered and characterized in mice two commonly identified patient‐based SUMF1 pathogenic variants, namely p.Ser153Pro and p.Ala277Val. These pathogenic missense variants correspond to variants detected in patients with attenuated MSD presenting with partial‐enzyme deficiency and relatively less severe disease. These novel MSD mouse models have a longer lifespan and show biochemical and pathological abnormalities observed in humans. In conclusion, mice harboring the p.Ser153Pro or the p.Ala277Val variant mimic the attenuated MSD and are attractive preclinical models for investigation of pathogenesis and treatments for MSD.
Relationship between MAN2B1 genotype/subcellular localization subgroups, antidrug antibody detection, and long‐term velmanase alfa treatment outcomes in patients with alpha‐mannosidosis
Authors: Borgwardt Line Gutte , Ceravolo Ferdinando , Zardi Giulia , Ballabeni Andrea , Lund Allan Meldgaard
Published: November 2022

Alpha‐mannosidosis (AM), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in the MAN2B1 gene, leads to lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase deficiency and accumulation of mannose‐rich oligosaccharides. Velmanase alfa (VA), a recombinant human lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase, is the first enzyme replacement therapy for non‐neurological symptoms of AM. Previously, a potential relationship was identified between three MAN2B1 genotype/subcellular localization subgroups (G1, G2, and G3) and AM disease severity. In VA‐treated patients with AM, it is unknown if a relationship exists between MAN2B1 genotype/subcellular localization subgroups, antidrug antibodies (ADAs), and infusion‐related reactions (IRRs). This pooled analysis evaluated data from 33 VA‐treated patients with AM to investigate this relationship. Overall, 10 patients were positive for ADAs, 4 of whom had treatment‐emergent ADAs (G1: 3/7 [43%]; G2: 1/17 [6%]; G3: 0/9). Treatment‐emergent ADA‐positive patients with relatively high titers (n = 2; G1: 1012 U/ml and G2: 440 U/ml) experienced mild/moderate IRRs that were well‐managed; patients with lower titers (n = 2) experienced no IRRs. Overall, changes from baseline in serum oligosaccharides and immunoglobulin G levels did not vary between ADA‐positive and ADA‐negative patients, suggesting a similar effect of VA treatment regardless of ADA status in most patients. Clinical outcomes (3MSCT and 6MWT) were also similar in most patients regardless of ADA status. While further studies are needed, these data suggest a relationship between MAN2B1 genotype/subcellular localization subgroups and ADA development, with G1 and G2 subgroups more likely to develop ADAs and IRRs. Regardless, this study suggests that ADAs have limited effect on the clinical impact of VA in most patients with AM.
Model‐Free and Model‐based Parameters Derived From CAIPIRINHA‐Dixon‐TWIST‐VIBE DCE‐MRI: Associations With Prognostic Factors and Molecular Subtypes of Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer
Authors: Xie Tianwen , Jiang Tingting , Zhao Qiufeng , Fu Caixia , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Peng Weijun , Gu Yajia
Published: November 2022

Background

CAIPIRINHA‐Dixon‐TWIST‐VIBE (CDTV) dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) can be used to characterize breast cancer. However, the influence of the clinicopathologic factors and molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma (IDC) on the model‐free and model‐based parameters has not been investigated.

Purpose

To compare model‐free and model‐based parameters of CDTV DCE‐MRI with both clinicopathologic factors and molecular subtypes of IDC.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 152 patients (mean age, 52 years) with IDC including 42 luminal A, 64 luminal B, 22 human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2) positive, and 24 triple‐negative subtypes.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T; turbo‐FLASH, Dixon VIBE, and CDTV.

Assessment

Model‐free parameters (initial enhancement rate [IER] and maximum slope [MS]) were estimated from the time‐intensity curve. The mean, minimum, maximum, and range between the minimum and maximum values of inline model‐based parameters (Ktrans, kep, and ve) were measured to assess intratumoral heterogeneity of IDC lesions.

Statistical Tests

Student's t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, post hoc Steel‐Dwass tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

No significant differences in IER and MS values were seen among the clinicopathologic factors and molecular subtypes (Bonferroni‐corrected P = 0.011–0.862, P = 0.145–0.601, respectively). The minimum kep values in HER2‐positive IDC were significantly lower than those in HER2‐negative IDC. The mean and range kep values were independent predictors for distinguishing the high (grade 3) and low (grade 1 or 2) nuclear grade groups according to multivariable analyses. The post hoc test showed that the kep minimum and kep range values were significantly different between luminal A and HER2‐positive tumor subtypes, yielding an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.820.

Data Conclusion

Compared with the model‐free parameters, inline kep related model‐based parameters on CDTV DCE‐MRI can be applied as a feasible tool to differentiate luminal A from HER2‐positive breast cancers.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Experiences of embedding gender and sexuality diversity workshops in an undergraduate medical imaging curriculum
Authors: Starkey Deborah , Van Leent Lisa , Singh Ajesh
Published: November 2022

This commentary describes some of the reported challenges of health participation for the gender‐ and sexuality‐diverse (GSD) population, particularly related to medical imaging practice. The approach and student feedback of an undergraduate education initiative to support students in the delivery of culturally competent care are described. The experiences of delivery over a three‐year period are reported, including the 2020 online delivery due to COVID‐19 precautions. Student feedback demonstrates positive outcomes from the workshops and activities.
Characterization of two excipient interaction degradation products in oseltamivir phosphate powder for oral suspension by MS and NMR
Authors: Yao Beiyang , Guo Yiqun , Xie Qifeng , Jiang Manhua , Sun Fuzhou , Zhao Yanping , Tan Guoying , Sun Jiaxiang , Huang Fangfang , Song Xuezhi , You Jinsong
Published: November 2022

Oseltamivir phosphate is widely used to treat and prevent influenza, and is available in the form of capsules, powder for oral suspension, pediatric solutions, and granules. Because of the amino group, oseltamivir is easy to react with the excipients of the formulation to generate drug‐excipient interaction impurities. In this research, two degradation products in a commercial oseltamivir phosphate powder for oral suspension due to interaction between API and citrate were investigated. They were characterized to be 3‐((−6‐acetamido‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐5‐(pentan‐3‐yloxy)cyclohex‐3‐en‐1‐yl)carbamoyl)‐3‐hydroxypentanedioic acid and 2‐(2‐((−6‐acetamido‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐5‐(pentan‐3‐yloxy)cyclohex‐3‐en‐1‐yl)amino)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2‐hydroxysuccinic acid by MS and NMR, respectively. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of these impurities were verified, and the method of analysis of covariance was used to assess the rate of impurities' degradation.

Highlights

Two excipient interaction degradation products in commercial oseltamivir phosphate powder for oral suspension were studied and elucidated in detail via LC–MS/MS and NMR.

The incompatibility risk of pH conditioners such as citrate and citric acid with formulations that contain an amino group was disclosed in this article.

Analysis of covariance was demonstrated to assess the impact of various formulations and preparation techniques on the rate of impurity degradation.
Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Kitsou Konstantina , Lagiou Pagona , Magiorkinis Gkikas
Published: November 2022

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viral sequences integrated into the human genome, resulting from the infection of human germ‐line cells by ancient exogenous retroviruses. Despite losing their replication and retrotransposition abilities, HERVs appear to have been co‐opted in human physiological functions while their aberrant expression is linked to human disease. The role of HERVs in multiple malignancies has been demonstrated, however, the extent to which HERV activation and expression participate in the development of cancer is not yet fully comprehended. In this review article, we discuss the presumed role of HERVs in carcinogenesis and their promising diagnostic and prognostic implications. Additionally, we explore recent data on the HERVs in cancer therapeutics, either through the manipulation of their expression, to induce antitumor innate immunity responses or as cancer immunotherapy targets. Finally, more precise and higher resolution high‐throughput sequencing approaches will further elucidate HERV participation in human physiological and pathological processes.
Batten disease through different in vivo and in vitro models: A review
Authors: Nittari Giulio , Tomassoni Daniele , Roy Proshanta , Martinelli Ilenia , Tayebati Seyed Khosrow , Amenta Francesco
Published: November 2022

Batten disease consists of a family of primarily autosomal recessive, progressive neuropediatric disorders, also known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). These pathologies are characterized by seizures and visual, cognitive and motor decline, and premature death. The pathophysiology of this rare disease is still unclear despite the years of trials and financial aids. This paper has reviewed advantages and limits of in vivo and in vitro models of Batten disease from murine and larger animal models to primitive unicellular models, until the most recently developed patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells. For each model advantages, limits and applications were analyzed. The first prototypes investigated were murine models that due to their limits were replaced by larger animals. In vitro models gradually replaced animal models for practical, cost, and ethical reasons. Using induced pluripotent stem cells to study neurodegeneration is a new way of studying the disease, since they can be distinguished into differentiating elements like neurons, which are susceptible to neurodegeneration. In vivo and in vitro models have contributed to clarifying to some extent the pathophysiology of the disease. The collection and sharing of suitable human bio samples likely through biobanks can contribute to a better understanding, prevention, and to identify possible treatment strategies of Batten disease.
The role of SST forcing in the interdecadal variations of the Pacific‐Japan pattern in the late 1990s
Authors: Li Shuping , Su Tao , Yan Pengcheng , Yang Zhaohong , Feng Guolin
Published: November 2022

The Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern is the dominant teleconnection over East Asia, closely related to the summer precipitation on various time scales. However, studies on the connection between the interdecadal variations of the PJ pattern and sea surface temperature (SST) forcing are still limited. This study indicates that the relationship between the PJ pattern and ENSO presents a pronounced interdecadal change around 1997/1998. The PJ pattern shows a baroclinic structure over the northwest Pacific and a barotropic structure near Japan during 1979–1997, while its baroclinic structure in the tropics weakens remarkably during 1998–2021, with a southward shift of its midlatitude barotropic structure. As a result, the connection between the PJ pattern and summer precipitation over East Asia exhibits an interdecadal transition in the late 1990s. In the slow La Niña decaying summer of 1979–1997, the cold SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) excite an eastward‐propagating Kelvin wave that enhances convection over the northwest Pacific, resulting in the formation of the PJ pattern. In contrast, the cold SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent rather than the TIO yield a zonally confined Kelvin wave in the rapid La Niña decaying summer of 1998–2021. The elongated Kelvin wave penetrating the central Pacific weakens convective anomalies over the northwest Pacific, thereby weakening the baroclinic structure of the PJ pattern in the tropics. Meanwhile, the warm SST anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) induce a northward shift of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet, with the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the KE significantly affecting summer precipitation along the Meiyu belt. Therefore, the midlatitude barotropic structure of the PJ pattern shifts southward after the late 1990s.
Relating drought indices to impacts reported in newspaper articles
Authors: O'Connor Paul , Murphy Conor , Matthews Tom , Wilby Robert L.
Published: November 2022

Relating drought indicators and real‐world impacts is fundamental for understanding and addressing drought vulnerability. We link drought indices and impacts from newspapers compiled in the Irish Drought Impacts Database (IDID) for the period 1900–2016. For three catchment clusters across the island of Ireland we link the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) with land‐based impacts and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) with water‐based impacts by matching total reported articles per month with concurrent drought indices. Using logistic regression we find SPI‐3 links best with land‐based impact reports, whereas SSI‐2 links best with water‐based impact reports. Catchments in the east/southeast display the highest sensitivity to land‐ and water‐based impacts; however, in summer months at low deficits northwestern catchments show a higher likelihood of impact reports. In winter months the likelihood of water‐based impacts is considerably greater than the land‐based equivalent, particularly in east/southeastern catchments. Moreover, the likelihood of news‐worthy drought impacts has changed over the 117 year period. More severe deficits are required to induce a high likelihood (0.6) of land‐ and water‐based impacts in east/southeastern and southwestern catchments during 1961–2016 compared with 1900–1960. Largest changes emerge in the southwest with SPI‐3 values of −2.51 (<−3.00) required to reach the high impact likelihood threshold in the pre (post) 1961 period. Even greater reductions are found for water‐based impacts in the southwest with SSI‐2 values associated with high impact likelihoods changing from −2.04 to −2.58. Conversely, for catchments in the northwest more moderate drought deficits result in high impact likelihoods for both land‐based (from <−3.00 to −2.32 SPI‐3) and water‐based impacts (from <−3.00 to −2.29 SSI‐2) for the 1961–2016 period. These findings show the value of newspaper archives for understanding regional sensitivities to drought plus their potential for underpinning a near real‐time, drought monitoring and warning system in Ireland.
Association between total body bone mineral density and periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Alayash Zoheir , Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas , Baurecht Hansjörg , Ehmke Benjamin , Nolde Michael
Published: November 2022

Background

The purpose of the study was to examine the association between total body bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods and materials

We used 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD at a p‐value of < 5 × 10−8 from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 66,628 individuals of European descent. The GWAS for periodontitis was derived from a meta‐analysis of seven cohort studies that included 17,353 cases and 28,210 controls of European ancestry.

Results

MR showed no association between BMD and periodontitis (odds ratio per standard deviation increment in genetically predicted BMD = 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.08). Leave‐one‐out analyses and pleiotropy‐robust methods did not indicate any bias.

Conclusions

The MR study provided no evidence that BMD might be causally linked to periodontitis. Hence it may be concluded as the key finding that BMD depletion does not increase the risk of periodontitis.
Galactooligosaccharides: Food technological applications, prebiotic health benefits, microbiome modulation, and processing considerations
Authors: Olivares‐Tenorio Mary‐Luz , Orrego David , Klotz‐Ceberio Bernadette‐Francisca , Palanca Carles , Tortajada‐Serra Marta
Published: November 2022

Background

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are functional oligosaccharides obtained enzymatically from lactose. The interest in GOS has increased due to health benefits, such as the strength of the immune system and the support of a healthy gut microbiome. This review contributes to the state of the art of the domain of GOS, building an integrated overview highlighting 4 key elements that the food industry should consider when developing healthier and cleaner foods: food technological applications of GOS, prebiotic health benefits, microbiome modulation according to GOS structure, and fundamentals on process elaboration of GOS.

Results

GOS are a good strategy for fat and sugar replacement, as well as for calorie reduction, nutritional enhancement, processing aid, and texture improvement. Moreover, GOS supplementation is a potential approach to the improvement of bowel and immune health, cancer, renal injury, obesity, depression and anxiety treatment, and the enhancement of mineral absorption, mainly via microbiome modulation. Nevertheless, this modulation depends on GOS concentration, chain length, type, and orientation of linkage, and those aspects are shaped during the processing of GOS.

Conclusion

The product development process of foods should have a holistic consideration of previous factors when selecting GOS as ingredients to address the desired functionalities efficiently. Current literature has discrepancies considering the structural heterogenicity of available GOS sources. The food industry requires more detailed information on how to support GOS supplementation through food design and development.
Utilization of industrial hemp by‐product defatted seed flour: effect of its incorporation on the properties and quality characteristics of ‘tsoureki’, a rich‐dough baked Greek product
Authors: Lazou Andriana , Anastasiadis Georgios , Provata Tarsia , Koliou Zoi , Protonotariou Styliani
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

A rich‐dough baked Greek product named ‘tsoureki’ was prepared using non‐gluten hemp seed flour at ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, and 50:50. The effects of hemp flour addition on the properties of ‘tsoureki’, including physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, sorption phenomena), structural properties, textural properties, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensorial characteristics, as well as the macroscopic structure and morphological characteristics, were studied.

RESULTS

Hemp flour addition affected dough rheology, showing tan δ values < 1, a decrease in both G′ and G″ values, while both flow behavior and consistency indices were also significantly affected, which might have an influence on the final baked goods. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model satisfactorily described sorption data, while both hemp addition and temperature had a significant effect. A significantly higher hardness of 11.55 N, a lower specific volume of 2.65 cm3 g−1, and a lower porosity of 0.676 were observed at high hemp additions. The hemp flour level influenced the color of the crumb and crust, and the total color difference (ΔE) increased significantly with the increase in hemp flour. Hemp flour additions were detectable by the naked eye, with an obvious color difference between control and hemp‐containing samples. Moreover, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were increased, as were some organoleptic characteristics, such as the bitter aftertaste. Concurrently, overall acceptability decreased significantly.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the incorporation of gluten‐free defatted hemp seed flour in ‘tsoureki’ formulations seems to be a promising alternative for improving quality of such rich‐dough baked products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of intraoperative cavity shaving on re‐excision rates in breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Ilhan Burak , Bademler Suleyman , Kılıç Berkay , Onder Semen , Karanlık Hasan
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

This trial aimed to investigate the effects of circumferential shaving on reducing the reoperation rates during breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods

In the study, before 2014, 404 (39.9%) breast cancers (BCs) out of a total of 1012 BCs underwent BCS without intraoperative cavity shaving (ICS) and constituted the no‐ICS group. After this date, ICS was added to 608 (60.1%) BCSs (ICS group) and intraoperative margin analysis was not requested from pathologists during these second BCS procedures.

Results

The patient and BC characteristics in the no‐ICS and ICS groups were similar. Carcinoma detection at the margin and reoperation rates were 13.9% in the no‐ICS group and 7.6% in the ICS group (p = 0.001). No significant difference was detected between patients who underwent BCS with intraoperative frozen section analysis (FSA) and patients who underwent BCS with additional ICS (5.6% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.383).

Conclusions

ICS decreased the rates of positive margins and reoperations among patients with BCS to an acceptable level compared with intraoperative FSA. It may be concluded that ICS is feasible to achieve BC margin control.
Temporal variability in fine root dynamics in relation to tree girth size in sub‐tropical sal (Shorea robusta) forests
Authors: Pandey Rachita , Bargali Surendra Singh , Bargali Kiran , Pandey Vimal Chandra
Published: November 2022

In forest ecosystems, the rapid turnover of fine roots (≤2 mm in diameter) is a major pathway of carbon and nutrient flow from plants to the soil. This study was conducted to determine how fine root biomass (FRB), productivity (FRP) and turnover (FRT) are affected by site characteristics, seasonal variation, soil depth and tree girth size in sub‐tropical sal forest ecosystem. Four sites (S1, S2, S3 and S4) were established in the Bhabhar region of Nainital istrict, Uttarakhand, India within an elevational range of 405 and 580 m, and at each site, sal trees were categorized into five girth classes. Fine roots were sampled seasonally up to a depth of 60 cm and divided into three layers (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm). FRB was significantly affected by tree girth size and decreased with increasing girth size, while the effect of tree girth on FRP and FRT was observed to be insignificant. Seasonal variation of FRB in all girth sizes showed a keen resemblance as the standing FRB reached its pinnacle during the rainy season and the bottom line in the winter season. Maximum FRB was reported for the uppermost, organo‐mineral‐rich soil depth (0–20 cm) at 1.0 m distance from the tree bole and decreased with increasing soil depth and distance from the tree bole while FRT showed a reverse trend. The present study provided a holistic outlook on variations in FRB, FRP and FRT and the impact of edaphic characteristics and tree girth on fine root dynamics in the sal forest ecosystem of Central Himalaya, India.
Assessing the influence of calcium on X65 carbon steel pitting using an artificial pit
Authors: Mohammed Sikiru Adepoju , Hua Yong , Barker Richard
Published: November 2022

Corrosion products that form on carbon steel in sweet (CO2) environments can protect the steel by retarding interactions between the substrate steel and a corrosive electrolyte. Such protective films could become damaged at local sites leading to potential differences and the emergence of galvanic currents with the consequence of pitting in certain envfironments. The large protected surface (with a higher positive potential) becomes a cathode while the tiny exposed surface (with a lower positive potential) becomes the anode. Films formed in a Ca2+‐rich environment often comprise mixed calcium and iron carbonates in the form, CaxFe(1−x)CO3. This work utilized an artificial pit to investigate pitting under CaxFe(1−x)CO3film conditions. Mixed carbonate films were grown on cathode discs (25‐mm diameter) for 96 h at pH 7.5, 50°C. Freshly polished anode pins were screwed onto the cathode disc and the galvanic currents were measured for 24 h. The anode/cathode area ratios were varied by using pins of 1, 2, and 3 mm diameter. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray were employed to examine the electrode surfaces after the test while surface profilometry was conducted to obtain pit profiles on the anode pins. Galvanic current increased with the addition of 682 ppm Ca2+to the solution while pseudopassivation occurred under mixed calcium–iron carbonate films. The galvanic current was observed to drop as corrosion products formed on the anode electrode. Profilometry revealed the emergence of pits on the anode electrode. The pitting threshold was commensurate with the magnitude of the galvanic current density recorded.
Observations on the interaction between plant growth‐promoting bacteria and the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Egan Aoife , Kakouli‐Duarte Thomais
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas fluorescens, strains L124, L228, L321, and the positive control strain F113 used in this study, produce compounds associated with plant growth promotion, biocontrol, antimicrobial and antiviral activity, and adaptation to stresses. These bacterial strains were tested in vitro and in vivo in tomato plants, to determine their potential role in Meloidogyne javanica suppression. In laboratory experiments, only 2% of M. javanica eggs hatched when exposed to the metabolites of each bacterial strain. Additionally, 100% M. javanica J2 mortality was recorded when nematodes were exposed to the metabolites of F113 and L228. In greenhouse experiments, M. javanica infected tomato plants, which were also inoculated with the bacterial strains F113 and L124, displayed the highest biomass (height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight) of all bacterial treatments tested. Results from the development and induced systemic resistance experiments indicated that the bacterial strains F113 and L321 had the most effective biocontrol capacity over nematode infection, delayed nematode development (J3/J4, adults and galls), and reduced nematode fecundity. In addition, these results indicated that the bacterial strain L124 is an effective plant growth promoter of tomato plants. Furthermore, it was determined that the bacterial strain L321 was capable of M. javanica biocontrol. P. fluorescens F113 was effective at both increasing tomato plant biomass and M. javanica biocontrol. In an agricultural context, applying successional drenches with these beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria would ensure bacteria viability in the rhizosphere of the plants, encourage positive plant bacterial interactions and increase biocontrol against M. javanica.
Government directors as a double‐edged sword for strategic change: Strong resource provision but weak monitoring
Authors: Wang Yu , Chang Xiaoying , Wang Tienan
Published: November 2022

This study examines the double‐edged effect of government directors on strategic change by conceptualizing them as strong resource provision but weak monitoring that exert the opposite impact on strategic change. Since we cannot predict which of the two effects will be larger ex ante, we do not predict a main effect. Instead, we examine resource constraints, managerial incentives, and state ownership as contingency factors. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2016, we find evidence for the prediction. This study contributes to the current literature by providing a more complete understanding of government directors.
The breast cancer‐related lymphedema multidisciplinary approach: Algorithm for conservative and multimodal surgical treatment
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Bolletta Alberto , Kaciulyte Juste , Losco Luigi , Manrique Oscar J. , Cigna Emanuele , Mayer Horacio F. , Escandón Joseph M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Multiple surgical alternatives are available to treat breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) providing a variable spectrum of outcomes. This study aimed to present the breast cancer‐related lymphedema multidisciplinary approach (B‐LYMA) to systematically treat BCRL.

Methods

Seventy‐eight patients presenting with BCRL between 2017 and 2021 were included. The average age and BMI were 49.4 ± 7.8 years and 28.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. Forty patients had lymphedema ISL stage II (51.3%) and 38 had stage III (48.7%). The mean follow‐up was 26.4 months. Treatment was selected according to the B‐LYMA algorithm, which aims to combine physiologic and excisional procedures according to the preoperative evaluation of patients. All patients had pre‐ and postoperative complex decongestive therapy (CDT).

Results

Stage II patients were treated with lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) (n = 18), vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) (n = 12), and combined DIEP flap and VLNT (n = 10). Stage III patients underwent combined suction‐assisted lipectomy (SAL) and LVA (n = 36) or combined SAL and VLNT (n = 2). Circumferential reduction rates (CRR) were comparable between patients treated with LVA (56.5 ± 8.4%), VLNT (54.4 ± 10.2%), and combined VLNT‐DIEP flap (56.5 ± 3.9%) (p > .05). In comparison to LVA, VLNT, and combined VLNT‐DIEP flap, combined SAL‐LVA exhibited higher CRRs (85 ± 10.5%, p < .001). The CRR for combined SAL‐VLNT was 75 ± 8.5%. One VLNT failed and minor complications occurred in the combined DIEP‐VLNT group.

Conclusion

The B‐LYMA protocol directs the treatment of BCRL according to the lymphatic system's condition. In advanced stages where a single physiologic procedure is not sufficient, additional excisional surgery is implemented. Preoperative and postoperative CDT is mandatory to improve the outcomes.
Aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method for solving fractional‐order Newell‐Whitehead‐Segel equation
Authors: Jani Haresh P. , Singh Twinkle R.
Published: November 2022

This work applies the Aboodh transform with the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to solve fractional differential equations. As the Aboodh transform is limited to linear equations only, HPM is an effective and dominant method for nonlinear differential equations to obtain approximate solutions. The role of NWSE is important in nonlinear systems that explain how stripes arise in two‐dimensional systems. The ATHPM solution has also been compared with LTDM and VIM methods, and it has been shown that ATHPM has more accuracy with a less absolute error than the exact solution, VIM, and LTDM. The final results perform very well with the exact solution. Maple is used to represent 3‐D surfaces and to find numerical values shown in tables.
Bifurcation analysis of a respiratory disease model about air pollution direct and indirect effects
Authors: Shi Lei , Qi Longxing , Ding Bin
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a class of respiratory disease model is established by taking into account simultaneously two situations that susceptible individuals directly got sick by inhaling air pollutants and indirectly fallen ill from infection by patients with respiratory diseases. The sufficient conditions for equilibria existence of the system and locally asymptotically stability of endemic equilibria are obtained. The existence of saddle‐node bifurcation is derived by using the Sotomayor theorem. The stability of periodic solution of Hopf bifurcation is determined by calculating the first Lyapunov number. The direct conversion rate and indirect infection rate in the system are selected as bifurcation parameters; the existence of Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension 2 of the system is proved by calculating the universal unfolding near the cusp. This research shows that direct and indirect ways of getting sick have a significant influence on dynamical behaviors of the respiratory disease system.
Acoustic radiation through a flexible shell in a bifurcated circular waveguide
Authors: Yaseen Aqsa , Nawaz Rab
Published: November 2022

The current study models and explains the fluid–structure coupled response of a flexible shell connected with two rigid coaxial shells via circular step discontinuities. Radiations from annular and inner regions of inlet rigid shells scatter on interfaces after interaction with the geometric variations and change of material properties. The flexible shell that supports vibrations along the shell is expressed though the Donnell–Mushtari formulation in the differential system. The mode‐matching technique is applied to solve the governing boundary value problem. The solution is projected on the orthogonal characteristics which in flexible casing is generalized as compared with the properties of acoustically rigid setting. The implication of generalized orthogonality relations governs additional constants that are found by defining the physical connection of shell with rigid disc. The clamped and pin‐jointed conditions are considered in this article. The scattering powers and transmission loss are analyzed against frequency, chamber length, and radii of shells for clamped and pin‐jointed edge conditions. It is found that the power propagation in annular shell and inner shell behave conversely. Moreover, configuration can be attenuated through the variation of dimensions of chamber and edge conditions.
A linear quadratic tracking problem for impulsive controlled stochastic systems: The infinite horizon time case
Authors: Drăgan Vasile , Popa Ioan‐Lucian , Ivanov Ivan G.
Published: November 2022

We investigate a linear quadratic tracking problem for impulsive controlled stochastic systems. The main tool in the derivation of the optimal control is the stabilizing solution for a class of backward jump matrix linear differential equation. We introduce the concept of mean square stability by impulses and consider the properties of stabilizing solution of the associated backward jump matrix linear differential equation with Riccati‐type operators. Necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of the unique optimal control for the linear quadratic tracking problem for impulsive controlled stochastic systems are proved.
Consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids‐Rich Lard Benefits Recovery of Experimental Arthritis by Activating PPAR‐γ
Authors: Wang Rui , Ji Cong‐Lan , Feng Dan‐Dan , Wu Yi‐Jin , Li Yan , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Yu Li‐Jun , Zuo Jian
Published: November 2022

Scope

This study investigates the impacts of lard and related fatty acids intake on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models.

Method and results

Collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) are induced in SD rats and C57 BL/6 mice respectively, which are fed by lard‐rich diet (LRD) for 42 days with intake restriction or not. AIA SD rats are treated by representative fatty acids for 30 days. Body weight, arthritis score, and metabolic profile are periodically recorded. Monocyte distribution, cytokine/metabolites levels, gene expression, and tissue damages are investigated by flow cytometry, ELISA, colorimetry, PCR, and histological methods. After being treated by fatty acids in vitro, THP‐1 monocytes and the corresponding medium are collected for ELISA, PCR, immunoblotting, and reporter gene assays. Irrespective of intake amounts, LRD decreases inflammatory cytokines and inhibits glycolysis in all rheumatic rodents. Furthermore, it alters monocyte distribution and promotes PPAR‐γ expression in AIA mice. Overall evidences show that both saturated (SF) and unsaturated fatty acids (USF) from lard can attenuate inflammation by activating PPAR‐γ. Silencing PPAR‐γ abrogates their anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro. Besides, SF can stimulate TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.

Conclusion

Lard consumption is beneficial for active inflammatory arthritis recovery. Even SF can activate PPAR‐γ and consequently attenuate inflammation.
Deep learning architecture with transformer and semantic field alignment for voxel‐level dose prediction on brain tumors
Authors: Yang Jinna , Zhao Yuqian , Zhang Fan , Liao Miao , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The use of convolution neural networks (CNN) to accurately predict dose distributions can accelerate intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning. The purpose of our study is to develop a novel deep learning architecture for precise voxel‐level dose prediction on brain tumors.

Methods

A dataset of 120 patients with brain tumors is built for the retrospective study. The dose distributions are predicted by a designed end‐to‐end model called TS‐Net, in which the transformer encoder module is utilized to obtain abundant global features by learning long‐range correlations of the input sequence. In addition, semantic field alignment (SFA) block is proposed in decoding path to ensure effective propagation of strong semantic information from deep to shallow. Five images from different channels are fed into the architecture, including a computed tomography (CT) image, a planning target volumes (PTV) image, an organs‐at‐risk (OARs) image, a beam configuration image, and a distance image, and the predicted dose distributions are taken as outputs. We use different evaluation metrics to evaluate the performance of the model and discuss the role of the auxiliary beam configuration information provided by non‐modulated dose distributions.

Results

The TS‐Net prediction accuracies in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) are 2.98% for PTV, 7.19% for brainstem, 1.88% for left len, 2.48% for right len, 9.61% for left optic nerve, 9.10% for right optic nerve, 8.99% for optic chiasma, and 8.28% for pituitary. There is no statistically significant difference between the predicted results and clinical dose distributions for clinical indexes including homogeneity index (HI), D50, and D95 for PTV; V40, mean dose, and max dose for OARs; except for conformation index (CI) and D2 for PTV. The model has dice similarity coefficient (DSC) values of above 0.91 for most isodose volumes, clearly outperforming HD U‐Net, and being slightly better than U‐Net and DCNN.

Conclusion

The proposed TS‐Net with beam configuration input can achieve accurate voxel‐level dose prediction for brain tumors, and is a usable tool for improving the efficiency and quality of radiotherapy.
Input function and modeling for determining bone metabolic flux using [18F] sodium fluoride PET imaging: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Puri Tanuj , Frost Michelle L. , Moore Amelia E. B. , Cook Gary J. R. , Blake Glen M.
Published: November 2022

Studies of skeletal metabolism using measurements of bone metabolic flux (Ki) obtained with [18F] sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) scans have been used in clinical research for the last 30 years. The technique has proven useful as an imaging biomarker in trials of novel drug treatments for osteoporosis and investigating other metabolic bone diseases, including chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder. It has also been shown to be valuable in metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients and may have potential in other cancer types, such as prostate cancer, to assess early bone fracture risk. However, these studies have usually required a 60‐min dynamic PET scan and measurement of the arterial input function (AIF), making them difficult to translate into the clinic for diagnostic purposes. We have previously proposed a simplified method that estimates the Ki value at an imaging site from a short (4‐min) static scan and venous blood samples. A key advantage of this method is that, by acquiring a series of static scans, values of Ki can be quickly measured at multiple sites using a single injection of the tracer. To date, the widespread use of [18F]NaF PET has been limited by the need to measure the AIF required for the mathematical modeling of tracer kinetics to derive Ki and other kinetic parameters. In this report, we review different methods of measuring the AIF, including direct arterial sampling, the use of a semi‐population input function (SP‐AIF), and image‐derived input function, the latter two requiring only two or three venous blood samples obtained between 30 and 60 min after injection. We provide an SP‐AIF model and a spreadsheet for calculating Ki values using the static scan method that others can use to study bone metabolism in metabolic and metastatic bone diseases without requiring invasive arterial blood sampling. The method shortens scan times, simplifies procedures, and reduces the cost of multicenter trials without losing accuracy or precision.
Development of a multi‐layer quality assurance program to evaluate the uncertainty of deformable dose accumulation in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Zhong Hualiang , Garcia‐Alvarez Juan A. , Kainz Kristofer , Tai An , Ahunbay Ergun , Erickson Beth , Schultz Christopher J. , Li X. Allen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Deformable dose accumulation (DDA) has uncertainties which impede the implementation of DDA‐based adaptive radiotherapy (ART) in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi‐layer quality assurance (MLQA) program to evaluate uncertainties in DDA.

Methods

A computer program is developed to generate a pseudo‐inverse displacement vector field (DVF) for each deformable image registration (DIR) performed in Accuray's PreciseART. The pseudo‐inverse DVF is first used to calculate a pseudo‐inverse consistency error (PICE) and then implemented in an energy and mass congruent mapping (EMCM) method to reconstruct a deformed dose. The PICE is taken as a metric to estimate DIR uncertainties. A pseudo‐inverse dose agreement rate (PIDAR) is used to evaluate the consequence of the DIR uncertainties in DDA and the principle of energy conservation is used to validate the integrity of dose mappings. The developed MLQA program was tested using the data collected from five representative cancer patients treated with tomotherapy.

Results

DIRs were performed in PreciseART to generate primary DVFs for the five patients. The fidelity index and PICE of these DVFs on average are equal to 0.028 mm and 0.169 mm, respectively. With the criteria of 3 mm/3% and 5 mm/5%, the PIDARs of the PreciseART‐reconstructed doses are 73.9 ± 4.4% and 87.2 ± 3.3%, respectively. The PreciseART and EMCM‐based dose reconstructions have their deposited energy changed by 5.6 ± 3.9% and 2.6 ± 1.5% in five GTVs, and by 9.2 ± 7.8% and 4.7 ± 3.6% in 30 OARs, respectively.

Conclusions

A pseudo‐inverse map‐based EMCM program has been developed to evaluate DIR and dose mapping uncertainties. This program could also be used as a sanity check tool for DDA‐based ART.
19. Deutscher Fluortag in Schmitten
Authors: Malischewski Moritz
Published: November 2022

Nach vierjähriger Pause trafen sich Ende September rund 100 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zum 19. Deutschen Fluortag. Die dreitägige Konferenz fand in Schmitten im Taunus statt. Traditionsgemäß stehen dabei die Promovierenden und ihre Forschung im Mittelpunkt. Die 37 Vorträge unterstrichen die Relevanz der Fluorchemie als interdisziplinäre Querschnittswissenschaft.
A Habitat-Based, Fishery-Independent Survey Using Actively Fished Hooked Gear Successfully Characterizes Reef Fish Populations in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Winner Brent L. , Switzer Theodore S. , Keenan Sean F. , Purtlebaugh Caleb H. , Christiansen Heather , Davis John
Published: November 2022

Recognized limitations of fishery-dependent data under rapidly changing management regimes have resulted in significant effort during recent years to improve the availability of fishery-independent data in the southeastern United States. These fishery-independent surveys target numerous species and habitats with various sampling methods, including the use of trawls, longlines, gill nets, traps, and visual surveys. Although passively fished hooked gear (e.g., longlines) are often used to assess the abundance and life history of managed reef fishes, such types of gear are often limited by the habitats they can fish effectively and are species selective. To address these shortcomings, we developed and implemented an actively fished approach to provide fishery-independent data: the repetitive timed-drop hooked-gear method (RTD method). Despite the high degree of standardization applied to the RTD method, important questions remain as to whether active fishing imparts strong angler variability that may reduce the utility of survey data. Accordingly, we analyzed data from 2014 to 2018 to evaluate potential angler bias and how angler-associated variability compares to other factors often thought to be important predictors of reef fish abundance and community structure. During this study, 962 stations were sampled, representing a variety of artificial and natural reef habitats. In total, 5,770 fish were caught, representing 92 taxa. Sampling was conducted by 103 unique anglers, including 42 commercial or charter fishers and 61 scientists. Results from both population- and assemblage-level analyses found that most of the variability in the catch could be explained by hook size, habitat, water depth, and year. Angler type was rarely correlated with reef fish abundance or assemblages. Our analyses suggest that the RTD method is effective in gathering fishery-independent abundance and life history data for reef fishes in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and that the resulting data are not strongly biased by an angler effect.
Occupational patterns in Anglo‐Saxon and Medieval East Midlands, England: Insights from activity‐related skeletal changes
Authors: Nikita Efthymia , Radini Anita
Published: November 2022

This paper examines five assemblages from the East Midlands, England, assessing activity‐related skeletal changes with the aim of exploring differences in labor‐linked social divisions between the Anglo‐Saxon (5th–11th century) and medieval periods (11th–15th century). The Anglo‐Saxon assemblages come from Empingham and Southwell, while all three medieval assemblages originate from Leicester (St Michael's cemetery, St Peter's cemetery, Austin Friars). The analysis of activity‐related skeletal changes encompassed entheseal changes (EC) and cross‐sectional geometric properties (CSG) of the upper limb long bones. The results supported a lack of sexual dimorphism, with the exception of St Peter's for CSG. This pattern suggests the absence of systematic sex‐based division of labor in both the Anglo‐Saxon period and in the medieval period for part of the population, such as the poorer St Michael's individuals. Inter‐assemblage patterns, although restricted by small sample sizes, agree with historical and archaeological evidence for a more complex and diversified urban life in the later medieval period compared to the earlier Anglo‐Saxon period. However, at the same time they highlight the similarities that overall characterized these assemblages.