bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quaternary geology of the northeastern part of the central Mackenzie Valley corridor, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Duk-Rodkin A , Hughes O L
Published: September 2016

During its maximum extent, the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide Ice Sheet buried the study area under approximately 600 m of ice. The Hyndman and Travaillant uplands were free of ice about 23 ka during Katherine Creek Phase. Series of glacial lakes were formed as the
ice retreated southeastward. Glacial Lake Tenlen was the first glacial lake to form after deglaciation of uplands and was followed by glacial Lake Travaillant when ice retreated from the Tutsieta Lake Moraine about 13 ka (Tutsieta Lake Phase). The lake had a series of outlets that migrated from east
to west. The last outlet of glacial Lake Travaillant was Mackenzie River. Further ice retreat resulted in the formation of glacial Lake Ontaratue which drained into a late stage of glacial Lake Travaillant and established a permanent channel for Mackenzie River (Ontaratue glacial Lake stage).
Glacial Lake Mackenzie, with an outlet at Ramparts, was formed before final deglaciation of the region about 11.5 ka.

The surficial materials in the region are mainly deposits of the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide Ice Sheet. Most of the region is covered by morainic deposits of which a belt of hummocky moraines (Tutsieta Lake Moraine) is the most prominent feature. Moraine plains surfaces have flutings and drumlins
indicating that the general direction of ice movement was southeast-northwest. Extensive glaciolacustrine sediments, deltaic deposits, and peat mark the location of former glacial lakes.

The study area is located mainly within the zone of discontinuous permafrost, with the northernmost part lying within the zone of continuous permafrost. Development in this region particularly in the southern areas is constrainted by permafrost conditions. Geomorphic processes take place naturally
and continually in terrain affected by permafrost and may damage human-made structures, particularly where human activity exposes the permanently frozen soil to thawing.
Geometry of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate: new constraints from SHIPS98
Authors: Tréhu A M ,   SHIPS98 Working Group, Brocher T
M , Creager K C , Fisher M
A , Preston L A , Spence G
Published: September 2016

We have processed seismic reflection profiles acquired in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, inverted travel times of first arrivals from onshore recordings of the offshore shots to determine the velocity of the upper crust in this region and inverted the travel times
of first and secondary arrivals that undershoot the central core of the Olympic Mountains. The seismic reflection profiles show a pattern of crustal reflectivity similar to that recorded beneath Vancouver Island. Inversion of first arrivals, interpreted to be diving waves through the upper and
mid-crust indicate a 5 - 7 km-deep linear, northwest-trending basin beneath the southwestern shore of the Strait and uplift of the basement Crescent terrane rocks beneath the northwestern shore. Velocities beneath the central Olympic Peninsula at 15 - 25 km depth show strong lateral variation, with
higher velocities underlying the surface exposures of the Crescent terrane and lower velocities at these depths beneath the Olympic core rocks. Inversion of secondary seismic arrivals interpreted to be reflections from the base of the crust of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate indicate that the Moho
is at a depth of about 34 km beneath the western Strait of Juan de Fuca and dips about 7o to the east, reaching a depth of about 46 km beneath the eastern boundary of Olympic National Park. Correlating these results with results of previous experiments on Vancouver Island and in southwestern
Washington confirm earlier interpretations of an arch in the subducted slab beneath the Olympic peninsula but indicate that the arch is asymmetric and less pronounced than previously thought. We attribute both the northwest-trending folding of the Crescent terrane and the asymmetry in the shape of
the subducting slab to resistance to the northward motion of the Paleocene-age Cascadia forearc terrane by the thick lithosphere of the pre-Tertiary terranes of British Columbia.
Precise relocations of slab seismicity in the northern Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Cassidy J F , Waldhauser F
Published: September 2016

The Gulf Islands region of southwest British Columbia is an ideal location to study, in detail, slab seismicity of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. Here, there is abundant slab seismicity, a relatively dense network of seismograph stations to obtain accurate
hypocenters and some recently deployed three-component broadband stations to constrain the velocity structure. We have relocated slab seismicity
near 50 - 60 km depth in the Gulf Island region using a "double difference" earthquake relocation algorithm designed to provide high-resolution relative hypocenter locations over large distances. The precise relative locations obtained for an initial test set of 27 deep earthquakes in a narrow
corridor near Saturna Island, B.C., indicates that most of the slab seismicity here is in a three to four kilometer-thick region dipping at 20° to the northeast. There is some suggestion of a deeper parallel band of seismicity (7 - 9 km) below the top of the upper band that may be located in
the upper mantle of the Juan de Fuca plate.
Energy-to-moment ratios for damaging intraslab earthquakes: preliminary results on a few case studies
Authors: Okal E A , Kirby S H
Published: September 2016

We use the energy-to-moment ratio, as introduced by Newman and Okal [1998] to examine the source characteristics of normal-faulting intraslab earthquakes, compared to nearby interplate thrust events, based on recent case studies in central Chile and southeastern
Mexico. In Chile, we find that the 1997 intraslab event had an exceptionally large E/M0 ratio, 30 times greater than the nearby interplate shock. This suggests a very fast strain release at the source as the origin of the particularly destructive character of intraslab events. While the difference
is less sharp in Mexico, we find a similar trend, which is in agreement with the observation that the locally most damaging earthquakes are indeed the intraslab events. We also document on the 1939 Chilean earthquake the feasibility of extending this approach to historical earthquakes for which
high-quality analog records have been archived.
Theoretical mineralogy, density, seismic wavespeeds and H2O content of the Cascadia subduction zone, with implications for intermediate-depth seismicity and earthquake hazard
Authors: Hacker B R , Abers G A , Peacock S M
Published: September 2016

We calculate physical properties of rocks in subduction zones using a compilation of mineral physical property measurements, a new set of phase diagrams and subduction-zone thermal models, and apply our results to Cascadia. Observed P-wave speeds of the Juan de
Fuca plate west of the Cascadia trench are best matched by a greenschist-facies upper crust and metastable, partially hydrated lower crust and mantle. The predicted positions of dehydration reactions in the subducting crust show a spatial link to observed seismicity, suggesting that dehydration may
be the cause of the earthquakes and that the predicted location of dehydration reactions in the slab can
be used to predict hazardous seismicity the length of Cascadia.
The proposed NEPTUNE seafloor observatory on the Juan de Fuca plate: applications to studies of intraplate earthquakes
Authors: Wilcock W S D , Wang K , Hyndman R
D , Tréhu A M , Creager K
C
Published: September 2016

NEPTUNE is a plan to deploy a long-term fiber-optic observatory on the seafloor of the Juan de Fuca plate. The network will support a wide range of scientific observations including a regional broadband seismic network and multidisciplinary experiments to study
hydrothermal activity on the Juan de Fuca ridge and its flanks. Such observations will contribute to our understanding of the hydration of oceanic lithosphere and improve seismic images of the Cascadia subduction zone. In the long term, NEPTUNE will contribute to a better understanding of the
mechanism of intraslab earthquakes.
Communication rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa: A workforce profile of speech and language therapists
Authors: Wylie Karen , McAllister Lindy , Davidson Bronwyn , Marshall Julie
Published: September 2016

Background: There is an urgent global need to strengthen rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. In sub-Saharan Africa, rehabilitation services for people with communication disabilities continue to be underdeveloped. A first step in strengthening services for people with a communication disabilities is to understand the composition and conditions of the current workforce.Objectives: This research describes a sample of the speech and language therapists (SLTs) working in SSA (excluding South Africa). This study explores the characteristics of this workforce, including their demographics, education, experience and geographical stability.Method: A mixed-methods survey was used to collect data from SLTs within Anglophone countries of SSA. Completed surveys were received from 33 respondents working in 44 jobs across nine countries. Analysis included descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics. This study reports on a subset of descriptive and quantitative data from the wider survey.Results: A background profile of SLTs across the region is presented. Results indicated that the workforce of SLTs comprised a mix of local and international SLTs, with university-level education. Local SLTs were educated both within and outside of Africa, with more recent graduates trained in Africa. These data reflected the local emergence of speech and language therapy training in SSA.Conclusion: This sample comprised a mix of African and international SLTs, with indications of growing localisation of the workforce. Workforce localisation offers potential advantages of linguistic diversity and stability. Challenges including workforce support and developing culturally and contextually relevant SLT practices are discussed.
Learning the natural law as maturation in wisdom
Authors: VanDrunen David
Published: September 2016

Despite the technical character of natural law scholarship, most people who live in accord withthe natural law do not do so because they have been persuaded by technical argumentation. How do people truly come to know the natural law? Learning the natural law is essentially thesame process as maturing in wisdom. Building upon theological conceptions of natural lawand wisdom, this article concludes that wisdom is the suitable power by which peopleapprehend subjectively what the natural law prescribes objectively. Thus the way in which wegrow in wisdom – through a communal process of receiving instruction and observing andreflecting upon life experience – is also the primary way in which people come to know andpractice the natural law. This conclusion suggests a revised perspective on how natural lawyerspursue their work as they seek to address the moral fragmentation of our day.
Reconstituting Ndembu traditional eco-masculinities: An African theodecolonial perspective
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: September 2016

This article engages with the notion of Ndembu traditional eco-masculinities which was conceptualised in a framework of sacrifice as ground for manliness. I utilised this view as hermeneutical point of departure for reconceptualising African Christian masculinities that are ecologically sensitive. Framed within theodecolonial imagination, the article suggests a reinterpretation of the notion of Christian sacrifice in dialogue with Ndembu notion as a theological model for constructing African Christian eco-masculinities for promoting gender and nature justice.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: African men have been accused of being ecologically impotent by some African ecofeminist theologians. This article investigates how through colonialism Ndembu men were alienated from nature. The article brings into dialogue various perspectives from anthropology, ecological, decoloniality, African religion and African theological approaches.
REABILITACIJOS PROCESE DALYVAUJANČIŲ NUO NARKOTIKŲ PRIKLAUSOMŲ ŽMONIŲ ASMENYBĖS IR PSICHOLOGINĖS GEROVĖS
Authors: Baltrūnas Mykolas , Bagdonas Albinas , Kairys Antanas , Liniauskaitė Audronė , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė
Published: September 2016

The main objective of this study was to research the personality traits of substance abusers in rehabilitation centers and correctional facilities, and their possible connections with well-being. To obtain this objective, four goals were set: 1. to evaluate personality traits of substance abusers and to compare it with Lithuania’s representative sample; 2. to evaluate the well-being of substance abusers and to compare it with Lithuania’s representative sample; 3. to evaluate possible connections between personality traits and well-being of substance abusers; 4. to presume future guidelines for studies in this particular field. Two instruments have been used – Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2TM (MMPI-2) and Lithuanian scale of well-being. There were 75 substance abusers, involved in this study, of which 28 were from correctional facilities and 47 from psychosocial rehabilitation centers. The results revealed such tendencies: 1. Personality traits of substance abusers and those of Lithuania’s representative sample differed in most of MMPI-2 scales (especially psychopathy). Personality traits of sentenced men were less likely to differ from norms than those of who were not sentenced. 2. Substance abusers were less satisfied in general and in most areas of life, comparing to Lithuania’s representative sample. However substance abusers were slightly more satisfied with their physical health than people in representative sample. 3. While comparing personality traits and well-being, strongest connections have been found with: psychopathy, paranoia, psychasthenia, depression, poor self-esteem and familial problems, negative emotionality, low satisfaction with interpersonal relations, low satisfaction with physical health and general well-being. 4. Larger samples of substance abusers should be researched in future studies, also other important aspects – such as methods of treatment – should also be taken into account.
Pragmatic Analysis of the Particle ʁadɪ in Najdi Arabic
Authors: Al-Shamari Murdhy R.
Published: September 2016

The ultimate goal of this paper is to investigate the pragmatic use of the particle ʁadɪ in Najdi Arabic. To do just this, both Grice’s Theory of Conversation and the Relevance Theory (RT) are used. In addition to indicating the speaker’s personal certainty of his/her utterance, ʁadɪ is assumed to encode the speaker’s lack of positive evidence to confirm the propositional content of his/her utterance, nonetheless. For Grice, ʁadɪ generates an implicature due to flouting the maxim of Quality ‘Try to make your contribution one that is true’. As a result, the hearer does not repose the speaker’s confidence of his/her utterance. Differently, for RT, ʁadɪ manifests a procedural meaning. This type of meaning guides the hearer not to rely heavily on the speaker’s own certainty which is, in principle, driven by anecdotal (nor conclusive) evidence. Additionally, this paper concludes that ʁadɪ fares better within the general framework of RT which provides a more robust account of its semantic import and pragmatic usage.
Japanese internally headed relatives: Their distinctness from potentially homophonous constructions
Authors: Grosu Alexander , Hoshi Koji
Published: September 2016

This paper pursues two closely inter-related goals. One goal is to clarify and systematize the ways in which each of four distinct Japanese constructions, in particular, internally headed relatives, adverbial clauses, complement clauses, and gapless externally light-headed relatives, can be distinguished from the others in cases of homophony. The other goal is to use the results obtained in the pursuit of the former goal for the purpose of refuting earlier challenges to the theses that Japanese internally headed relatives are island-sensitive, get invariably construed as definite descriptions, disallow definite referential internal heads, and exhibit a ‘change’ sub-variety that is not reducible to gapless externally light-headed relatives. The paper assumes the correctness of the analytical approach outlined in Grosu & Landman (2012), and – crucially – that of the conceptual and technical refinements to the latter proposed in Landman (2016), some of which rely on the results of this paper.This article is part of the special collection: Internally-headed Relative Clauses
Optimizing Beef Cattle Nutrition from Conception to Consumption
Authors: Gunn Patrick
Published: September 2016

Feed cost and reproductive efficiency are the 1st and 2nd largest factors, respectively, that dictate profitability of the cow-calf enterprise. It should not be forgotten that these two economic areas are not independent of one another, as nutritional management is the largest single factor that producers can control that influences the probability of pregnancy. Thus, without proper nutritional management, many reproductive processes are altered, and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy may be hindered or prevented entirely. Traditionally, the major concern related to the interface between nutrition and reproduction is the effect of under nutrition prior to breeding. However, recent research in the fields of fetal/developmental programming as well as post-breeding heifer management suggests nutrition can significantly impact not only reproductive capacity of the female, but long term growth and efficiency of her progeny. Therefore, developing appropriate nutritional programs for all phases of production is critical for the economic success and productivity of the beef operation for not only the current year, but for years to come.
Animal Welfare Assurance – Impacts on Cattle Production and Export Markets
Authors: Millman Suzanne T.
Published: September 2016

Given the strong and sustained public interest in animal welfare, globally sustainable agricultural systems must include animal welfare within the areas of consideration. Animal welfare relates to an animal’s quality of life and can range from very good to very poor. A number of conceptual frameworks have been proposed for animal welfare and humane animal care. To varying degrees, these frameworks include aspects of animal health and animal behavior, with relative importance of these criteria weighted by ethics or values. Animal care standards may be dictated by legislation, but are increasingly governed through purchasing decisions by food companies and retailers. Animal welfare assessment protocols that include animal-based parameters provide farmers with benchmarking data for comparison between and within farms, as well as flexibility to modify husbandry or housing when addressing weaknesses within the farm system. Within the laboratory and on commercial farms, researchers are identifying solutions to key animal welfare issues in cattle production, including painful husbandry procedures, restrictive housing and cow comfort, calf feeding, care of the compromised cow and low stress handling.
Review on Vocational Training and Employment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Syriopoulou Delli Christine K. , Alexiou Ioanna Papavassiliou , Karampilia Dimitra
Published: September 2016

Organizations have developed programs for the vocational training of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some programs reflect trends in the labor market. The interest of policy planning is focused on social perceptions and successful social and vocational inclusion.

Aim is the review of programs for vocational training and education-to-employment transition for adults with ASD and the provision of a critical evaluation of their results.

The study entailed a review of the relevant literature, starting from the 1980s, since before that time there had been no systematic state provision of vocational training. The inclusion criteria for the study were: (a) the sample included adults diagnosed with ASD, (b) the programs included interventions for vocational training and inclusion, models for teaching vocational and social skills in the context of supported employment.

Study revealed interesting findings related to vocational training and the inclusion prospects for adolescents and adults with ASD, which could further influence social protection planning and support measures for them. It showed that educational policy in the last ten years has included the vocational training and inclusion of individuals with ASD and, therefore, more flexible programs and alternative forms of independent living are being developed for them.

Social mentality plays significant role for the social and vocational inclusion of adults with ASD. Some steps might be opportunities for participation in vocational programs, their enrichment, vocational counseling and guidance, opportunities for continuous development of working skills along with INSET and counseling, financial support to employees and a consistent policy towards vocational inclusion.
Wanneer het lekt bij de buurman: het contractueel afdichten van meldingsplichtige datalekken
Authors: van der Jagt F.C.
Published: September 2016

Wanneer het lekt bij de buurman: het contractueel afdichten van meldingsplichtige datalekken

Sinds 1 januari 2016 zijn bedrijven verplicht om datalekken te melden bij de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens en in bepaalde gevallen ook bij de personen van wie gegevens ‘gelekt’ zijn. De verwerking van persoonsgegevens wordt vaak deels uitbesteed aan een derde partij, zoals een cloudserviceprovider. In dit artikel wordt uiteengezet op welke wijze contractuele afspraken kunnen helpen om op een doeltreffende wijze uitvoering te kunnen geven aan de meldplicht datalekken wanneer het eigenlijke datalek bij een derde partij plaatsvindt.
Ouderschap en ouderlijk gezag bij niet-erkende islamitische huwelijken
Authors: Rutten S.W.E.
Published: September 2016

Parentage and parental authority in unregistered Islamic marriages

The identified trend of changing family relations and establishing a family without being traditionally married, probably does not apply to the entire Dutch population. Islamic law requires that people get married before children are born. Among Muslims, this standard is still followed on a large scale. Marriages which may be validly established according to Islamic law, however, will not always be recognized in the Netherlands. Examples include the unregistered marriages and polygamous marriages. This has implications for the way in which questions of parentage and custody of children that were born out of these marriages, are answered. In this article it will be argued that the law, where it concerns issues of parentage and custody, provides insufficient protection to the category of those unrecognized Islamic marriages.
Results from Pilot Archaeological Fieldwork at the Carrazedo Site, Lower Xingu River, Amazonia
Authors: Browne Ribeiro Anna T. , Lima Helena P. , Marques Fernando L. T. , Schmidt Morgan J. , McDaniel Kevin S.
Published: September 2016

Increasingly, archaeological research in Amazonia is revealing complex precolonial occupation in areas around riverine confluences. In 2014, the first site-based archaeological investigations were undertaken in Gurupá, Pará, Brazil, a municipality that spans the region of the Xingu-Amazon confluence. The Portuguese controlled access to Amazonia from 1623 onward through a network of settlements organized around Gurupá. Results from extensive excavations of terra preta sites, landscape archaeology, and analysis of ceramic evidence suggest that this was also a precolonial crossroads. Carrazedo, once a booming historical town (Arapijó), sits atop a significantly larger terra preta site. Excavations in historical and precolonial sectors of Carrazedo found well-preserved remains, including a precolonial house terrace complex. The extent of terra preta and earthworks at Carrazedo indicate that the precolonial occupation was more intensive than the colonial-historical period occupation. Regional survey revealed colonial-historical period sites consistently overlying expansive precolonial sites, the density and extent of which suggest a major precolonial center at the Xingu-Amazon confluence. Overall, ecological and landscape modifications appear to have been more intense in the precolonial past than during later periods. Short- and long-distance settlement networks also differed during the two periods. This as-of-yet understudied region promises to shed new light on deep-time human-environment interactions and spatial organization in the humid tropics of Amazonia.
Water, Maize, Salt, and Canoes: An Iconography of Economics at Late Preclassic Izapa, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Guernsey Julia
Published: September 2016

Images on Late Preclassic (300 B.C.–A.D. 250) monuments from Izapa, Chiapas, Mexico, featuring canoe scenes, maize deities, and water gods, have long been interpreted as representing mythic passages. While significant, such interpretations neglect other aspects of the scenes, including environmental and socioeconomic concerns that revolve around rain, subsistence, and water transport. By contextualizing these images and linking them to recent archaeological investigations that illuminate aspects of the Late Preclassic economy of Izapa, I argue that the scenes strategically situated economic activities— maize agriculture, the trade and transport of goods in canoes, even salt production—within a mythic framework. The images constitute an artistic program that entwined mythic tales, industries of salt production, and traditions of water navigation and that phrased them as part of a system of social order during a period of incipient state formation.
Ocupaciones Prehispánicas En Isla Pedro González, Archipiélago De Las Perlas, Panamá: Aproximación A Una Cronología Con Comentarios Sobre Las Conexiones Externas
Authors: Martín Juan Guillermo , Cooke Richard G. , Bustamante Fernando , Holst Irene , Lara Alexandra , Redwood Stewart
Published: September 2016

Entre los años 2007 y 2010 se desarrollaron reconocimientos pedestres acompañados de sondeos y pequeñas excavaciones en el Archipiélago de Las Perlas, Panamá. Las investigaciones más intensivas se realizaron en Isla Pedro González. Esta breve síntesis preliminar de la cronología de la ocupación prehispánica de esta isla se basa en dataciones radiocarbónicas. También incluye comparaciones tipológicas y cronométricas con dos regiones culturales: Gran Coclé hacia el Oeste, donde floreció una tradición de policromía particular entre 2500 y 450 cal a.P. y el área que se constituyó como la región cultural de Gran Darién a partir de 1200–800 cal a.P. El yacimiento más antiguo en Pedro González es precerámico (6200–5600 cal a.P.). Después de un largo hiato, esta isla fue colonizada por grupos alfareros para el 2350 cal a.P. Se plantea la existencia de cinco fases cerámicas basadas en los rangos a 2σde las dataciones radiocarbónicas, las que se traslapan entre sí. Entre 2350 y 1450 a.P. la alfarería isleña refleja la trayectoria diacrónica de la cerámica en Gran Coclé con características propias que se extienden a zonas de tierra firme hacia el Norte, así como a islas cercanas a la costa como Taboguilla. Sin embargo, entre 1450 y 1200 cal a.P., las similitudes tipológicas con la Península de Azuero, Coclé y Playa Venado (en la costa Sur del área canalera) son tan marcadas que se asume que este área comprendió brevemente una misma zona de interacción cuya homogeneidad cultural pudo estar vinculada al comercio marítimo estimulado por la importancia de las conchas de arrecife, comoSpondylus. La alfarería cambia abruptamente entre 1200 y 800 cal a.P., aludiendo a una nueva población o a un reajuste en las conexiones con tierra firme con un énfasis en el litoral Este de la Bahía de Panamá y el noroeste de Colombia.
El Uso de Recursos Vegetales entre los Cazadores-Recolectores de la Pampa Occidental Argentina
Authors: Musaubach María Gabriela , Berón Mónica A.
Published: September 2016

Los estudios sobre macro y microrrestos botánicos en contextos de cazadores-recolectoresde Pampa y Norpatagonia se han incrementado, al igual que el conocimiento del impacto de las plantas en la dieta de estas poblaciones. Con este propósito se han integrado diversos indicadores y técnicas analíticas. En algunos casos se registra el uso simultáneo de plantas silvestres y cultígenos. El marco temporal de uso de plantas domesticadas en la macroregión se ha desarrollado hasta ca. 2000 años a.P., mientras que la escala espacial se extiende entre el área cordillerana hasta las provincias fitogeográficas del monte y el espinal (34º a 40º S y 72º a 63º O aproximadamente). En este trabajo se presentan datos novedosos referidos a la presencia simultánea de maíz (Zea mays), cereales y leguminosas silvestres (Prosopis sp.y Poaceae) en contextos de cazadores-recolectores de la Pampa Occidental Argentina. Estos datos provienen del análisis de microfósiles en diferentes soportes: cerámica, artefactos de molienda y dientes humanos. Estos resultados permitieron conocer el rol que tuvieron las plantas para estas sociedades. A su vez, los datos fueron integrados, con investigaciones que focalizan el estudio de restos vegetales, tanto silvestres como domesticados, en una escala macroregional.
Analyse longitudinale des relations entre le biais négatif d’autoévaluation de compétence et le sentiment d’imposture chez les élèves
Authors: Grenon Élisa , Bouffard Thérèse
Published: September 2016

Cette étude longitudinale de 6 ans comportait trois objectifs spécifiques : 1) vérifier la stabilité temporelle du biais négatif d’autoévaluation de compétence et du sentiment d’imposture 2) examiner, à chaque année, les relations entre les deux phénomènes et 3) vérifier si la persistance d’un biais négatif d’autoévaluation est reliée au développement du sentiment d’imposture. 454 élèves (10-11 ans au début de l'étude) ont répondu à des questionnaires portant sur leur perception de compétence et leur sentiment d’imposture. Les résultats indiquent que le biais d'autoévaluation et le sentiment d’imposture ainsi que leurs interrelations sont modérément stables dans le temps. Il ressort aussi qu’une fois contrôlé l’effet du sentiment d’imposture de l’année précédente, le cumul des biais négatifs d'autoévaluation évalués à chaque année de l’étude est toujours lié au sentiment d’imposture de l’année en cours. Maintenir dans le temps un biais négatif d'autoévaluation paraît être un facteur de risque dans le développement du sentiment d’imposture.
Le défi de la collaboration entre enseignants et autres intervenants dans l’école inclusive : croisement des regards
Authors: Allenbach Marco , Duchesne Hermann , Gremion Lise , Leblanc Mireille
Published: September 2016

Cette étude vise à croiser les regards sur les défis de la collaboration professionnelle qui se construit, ou non, entre enseignants et autres intervenants en contextes scolaires inclusifs suisses et canadiens. Nous y examinons les résultats de quatre recherches empiriques qui, malgré des ancrages théoriques spécifiques, se regroupent autour d'une approche psychosociologique de l'éducation et utilisent diverses méthodes de collecte de données s’inscrivant toutes dans un paradigme qualitatif et compréhensif. Les résultats convergent pour créer l’image d’une collaboration professionnelle qui, malgré sa présence un peu partout dans les rapports entre intervenants dans l’école, demeure le plus souvent peu réfléchie et incomprise, tout en étant façonnée par les attentes des acteurs en présence, leur mandat et leur positionnement institutionnel. Les résultats révèlent aussi que des pratiques collaboratives créatives et contextualisées peuvent se construire à condition que les intervenants s’éloignent de la posture d’expert et s’engagent dans un processus itératif de négociations et de coconstruction de leur rôle professionnel avec les enseignants.
Victim Pays Damages to Tortfeasor: The When and Wherefore
Authors: Shmueli Benjamin , Sinai Yuval
Published: September 2016

Is there a reality in which the victim pays damages to the tortfeasor? This article analyzes Calabresi and Melamed’s liability rule for the damaging party (Rule 4), where the damaged party has the right to prevent pollution if the polluter is compensated first. Under the conventional application of this rule, the victim first collects the money and compensates the injurer, and only then is the injurer required to eliminate the nuisance (ex ante). There is no reference to a possibility of the injurer first eliminating the nuisance and only then receiving compensation (ex post). We argue that the timing of the payment should be changed when the activity causing the nuisance has social and economic value. Each version of the rule advances the aggregate welfare in some sense, but also harms it in another.

The primary aim of the present article is to introduce a new model for Rule 4 that would guide legislators, regulators, and judges in deciding when to order compensation as a condition for eliminating the nuisance and when to order the injurer to remove the nuisance first and only then collect the funds.

This article also introduces a comparative perspective that reveals the potential use of the ex post version of Rule 4, as manifest in sources of the Jewish legal tradition. This comparison further bolsters our proposal in favour of a division between ex ante and ex post versions of the rule.

Ultimately, offering two versions for the implementation of Rule 4 would better enable the adaptation of a suitable solution according to the circumstances and thus would widen the possibilities for the rule’s use.
L’interaction entre le droit civil et le droit du travail et ses effets pratiques sur le travail atypique : le rôle du contrat dans l’accès aux régimes de protection des travailleurs
Authors: Barrère Graciela , Vallée Guylaine
Published: September 2016

Le présent texte examine le rôle du contrat en tant que critère d’accès aux régimes législatifs ayant une vocation de protection en matière de travail humain. Cette question, qui n’est que l’une des manifestations de l’interaction entre le droit civil et le droit du travail, peut avoir des incidences sur l’accès des personnes qui occupent un emploi atypique à la protection du droit du travail.

La première partie du texte présente les fondements possibles du rapport de travail donnant accès aux régimes de protection du droit du travail. La thèse contractuelle et celle fondée sur la « relation de travail » y sont présentées en tenant compte de la façon dont elles ont été reçues au Québec et de l’apport de certains droits étrangers à l’analyse théorique de la nature du rapport de travail donnant ouverture à la protection du droit du travail.

Dans la seconde partie du texte, nous abordons les effets que peuvent avoir ces thèses sur l’accès aux protections des lois du travail québécoises à partir de quelques décisions concernant certaines formes de travail atypique. Pour les auteures, la jurisprudence étudiée illustre les difficultés de l’approche axée sur la forme contractuelle pour la protection des personnes qui ne répondent pas au standard classique de salarié. Cette jurisprudence fournit aussi les indices d’une approche qui permettrait au droit du travail de remplir sa fonction de protection auprès de ces personnes.
Commande et créativité partagée : la Sequenza xii pour basson de Luciano Berio
Authors: Velasco-Pufleau Luis
Published: September 2016

En fixant le lieu, la date et le cadre de la création, la commande d’une oeuvre nouvelle peut constituer la consolidation d’un travail artistique et d’une collaboration intellectuelle de plusieurs années entre le compositeur et l’interprète. Tel est le cas de la Sequenza xii pour basson de Luciano Berio (1925-2003), dédiée au bassoniste français Pascal Gallois. Créée au Théâtre du Châtelet à Paris le 15 juin 1995, cette oeuvre émerge lentement au cours d’un processus de maturation technique et musicale ayant commencé en 1990, où le compositeur et l’interprète s’entraînent mutuellement dans une dynamique de créativité partagée. S’appuyant sur des documents d’archives et sur une série d’entretiens avec Pascal Gallois, l’objectif de cet article est de retracer le processus de création de cette Sequenza afin de montrer de quelle façon le moment de la commande officielle de la part de l’Ensemble intercontemporain concrétise l’engagement artistique entre un virtuose et un compositeur au sommet de son art.
Regulation of starvation-induced hyperactivity by insulin and glucagon signaling in adult Drosophila
Authors: Yu Yue , Huang Rui , Ye Jie , Zhang Vivian , Wu Chao , Cheng Guo , Jia Junling , Wang Liming
Published: September 2016

Starvation induces sustained increase in locomotion, which facilitates food localization and acquisition and hence composes an important aspect of food-seeking behavior. We investigated how nutritional states modulated starvation-induced hyperactivity in adult Drosophila. The receptor of the adipokinetic hormone (AKHR), the insect analog of glucagon, was required for starvation-induced hyperactivity. AKHR was expressed in a small group of octopaminergic neurons in the brain. Silencing AKHR+ neurons and blocking octopamine signaling in these neurons eliminated starvation-induced hyperactivity, whereas activation of these neurons accelerated the onset of hyperactivity upon starvation. Neither AKHR nor AKHR+ neurons were involved in increased food consumption upon starvation, suggesting that starvation-induced hyperactivity and food consumption are independently regulated. Single cell analysis of AKHR+ neurons identified the co-expression of Drosophila insulin-like receptor (dInR), which imposed suppressive effect on starvation-induced hyperactivity. Therefore, insulin and glucagon signaling exert opposite effects on starvation-induced hyperactivity via a common neural target in Drosophila.
Transparent reporting of research results in eLife
Authors: Teare M Dawn
Published: September 2016

Manuscripts should include all the experimental and statistical details that are needed to replicate the experiments and analyses reported in them.
Estimate of tsunami source using optimized unit sources and including dispersion effects during tsunami propagation: The 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Mulia Iyan Eka , Satake Kenji , Watada Shingo , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Sheehan Anne F.
Published: September 2016

We apply a genetic algorithm to find the optimized unit sources using dispersive tsunami synthetics to estimate the tsunami source of the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. The optimal number and distribution of unit sources gives the sea surface elevation similar to that from our previous slip distribution on a fault using tsunami data, but different from that using seismic data. The difference is possibly due to submarine mass failure in the source region. Dispersion effects during tsunami propagation reduce the maximum amplitudes by up to 20% of conventional linear longwave propagation model. Dispersion effects also increase tsunami travel time by approximately 1 min per 1300 km on average. The dispersion effects on amplitudes depend on the azimuth from the tsunami source reflecting the directivity of tsunami source, while the effects on travel times depend only on the distance from the source.
Hydrogeological controls of water table‐land surface interactions
Authors: Bresciani E. , Goderniaux P. , Batelaan O.
Published: September 2016

Interactions of the water table with the land surface impact a wide range of hydrologic, climatic, ecologic, and geomorphologic processes. Yet the factors controlling these interactions are still poorly understood. In this work, a new 2‐D (cross‐sectional) analytical groundwater flow solution is used to derive a dimensionless criterion that expresses the conditions under which the water table “outcrops” (i.e., reaches the land surface). The criterion gives insights into the functional relationships between geology, topography, climate, and resulting water table outcrops. This sheds light on the debate about the topographic control of groundwater flow, as the effective role of the topography is to constrain the water table only where it outcrops. The criterion provides a practical tool to predict water table outcrops if physical parameters are known and to estimate physical parameters if on the contrary water table outcrops are known. The latter aspect is demonstrated through an application example.
Indentation of the Pamirs with respect to the northern margin of Tibet: Constraints from the Tarim basin sedimentary record
Authors: Blayney Tamsin , Najman Yani , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Carter Andrew , Millar Ian , Garzanti Eduardo , Sobel Edward R. , Rittner Martin , Andò Sergio , Guo Zhaojie , Vezzoli Giovanni
Published: September 2016

The Pamirs represent the indented westward continuation of the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, dividing the Tarim and Tajik basins. Their evolution may be a key factor influencing aridification of the Asian interior, yet the tectonics of the Pamir Salient are poorly understood. We present a provenance study of the Aertashi section, a Paleogene to late Neogene clastic succession deposited in the Tarim basin to the north of the NW margin of Tibet (the West Kunlun) and to the east of the Pamirs. Our detrital zircon U‐Pb ages coupled with zircon fission track, bulk rock Sm‐Nd, and petrography data document changes in contributing source terranes during the Oligocene to Miocene, which can be correlated to regional tectonics. We propose a model for the evolution of the Pamir and West Kunlun (WKL), in which the WKL formed topography since at least ~200 Ma. By ~25 Ma, movement along the Pamir‐bounding faults such as the Kashgar‐Yecheng Transfer System had commenced, marking the onset of Pamir indentation into the Tarim‐Tajik basin. This is coincident with basinward expansion of the northern WKL margin, which changed the palaeodrainage pattern within the Kunlun, progressively cutting off the more southerly WKL sources from the Tarim basin. An abrupt change in the provenance and facies of sediments at Aertashi has a maximum age of 14 Ma; this change records when the Pamir indenter had propagated sufficiently far north that the North Pamir was now located proximal to the Aertashi region.
Effect of Solution Pretreatment on Homogeneity and Corrosion Resistance of Biomedical Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy Processed by High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Zhang Congzheng , Guan Shaokang , Wang Liguo , Zhu Shijie , Wang Jun , Guo Ruiming
Published: September 2016

Orthopedic Mg–Zn–Ca alloy is prepared by solution pretreatment and then processed by high pressure torsion (HPT). The results show that the second phases in solution treated (ST) alloy processed by HPT disperse uniformly. While the second phases in HPT‐treated cast alloy without solution pretreatment are not completely fragmented and distributed non‐uniformly. After five revolutions, the grain refinement is completed. The microhardness of the alloys is significantly improved after HPT, and the microhardness distribution is homogeneous in HPT‐treated ST alloy. The corrosion resistance of HPT‐treated ST alloy is more excellent than that of HPT‐treated cast alloy in physiological environment.
Ferromagnetic, Folded Electrode Composite as a Soft Interface to the Skin for Long‐Term Electrophysiological Recording
Authors: Jang Kyung‐In , Jung Han Na , Lee Jung Woo , Xu Sheng , Liu Yu Hao , Ma Yinji , Jeong Jae‐Woong , Song Young Min , Kim Jeonghyun , Kim Bong Hoon , Banks Anthony , Kwak Jean Won , Yang Yiyuan , Shi Dawei , Wei Zijun , Feng Xue , Paik Ungyu , Huang Yonggang , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A.
Published: September 2016

A class of ferromagnetic, folded, soft composite material for skin‐interfaced electrodes with releasable interfaces to stretchable, wireless electronic measurement systems is introduced. These electrodes establish intimate, adhesive contacts to the skin, in dimensionally stable formats compatible with multiple days of continuous operation, with several key advantages over conventional hydrogel‐based alternatives. The reported studies focus on aspects ranging from ferromagnetic and mechanical behavior of the materials systems, to electrical properties associated with their skin interface, to system‐level integration for advanced electrophysiological monitoring applications. The work combines experimental measurement and theoretical modeling to establish the key design considerations. These concepts have potential uses across a diverse set of skin‐integrated electronic technologies.
Fast and Simple Construction of Efficient Solar‐Water‐Splitting Electrodes with Micrometer‐Sized Light‐Absorbing Precursor Particles
Authors: Feng Jianyong , Zhao Xin , Ma Su Su Khine , Wang Danping , Chen Zhong , Huang Yizhong
Published: September 2016

Micrometer‐sized light‐absorbing semiconductor particles (usually prepared by high temperature synthetic techniques) hold the desirable merits of high crystallinity, low concentrations of bulk defects, and a decreased grain boundary density to reduce bulk recombination of photocarriers. However, solar‐water‐splitting electrodes assembled using them as precursors always produce very low photocurrents. This could be due to the lack of an effective fabrication and/or modification protocol applicable to assemble these micrometer‐sized semiconductor particles into suitable electrode configurations. A fast and simple fabrication scheme of drop‐casting followed by the necking treatment is developed to enable the micrometer‐sized precursor particles derived photoelectrodes to deliver appreciable photocurrent densities (>1 mA cm−2). By applying this fabrication scheme, photoelectrodes of solid‐state reaction derived Mo doped BiVO4 (≈4 μm, modified with oxygen evolution catalysts) and commercial WO3 (size ranging from 100 nm to >10 μm) have yielded photocurrent densities higher than 1 mA cm−2, while the photoelectrode composed of commercial CdSe (≈10 μm) is able to produce a photocurrent density higher than 5 mA cm−2 (in a Na2S aqueous solution). This strategy provides a new possible way, in addition to the predominant route of nanostructuring, to construct efficient solar‐water‐splitting electrodes.
Exploiting High‐Performance Anode through Tuning the Character of Chemical Bonds for Li‐Ion Batteries and Capacitors
Authors: Liu Chaofeng , Zhang Changkun , Fu Haoyu , Nan Xihui , Cao Guozhong
Published: September 2016

A high‐performance anode material, MnNCN, is synthesized through a facile and low‐cost method. The relationship between electrochemical properties and chemical composition is explored on the scientific considerations that can provide an insight on designing expected materials. MnNCN with the long bonding length of 2.262 Å in MnN and weak electronegativity of 3.04 Pauling units in N leads to a lower charge/discharge potential than that of MnO owing to the character of chemical bonds transformed to covalent dominating from ionic dominating in MnO. Covalent character increases the ratio of sharing electrons that decreases the migration energy of electrons in electrochemical reaction, which enhances the reactive reversibility and stability of electrode material. MnNCN delivered a reversibly specific capacity of 385 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 in a Li‐ion half cell. Besides, a Li‐ion hybrid capacitor with a high voltage of 4 V presents energy and power densities of respective 103 Wh kg−1 and 8533 W kg−1 and cycles at 5 A g−1 without detectable degradation after 5000 cycles.