The article is devoted to the work of the famous scholar, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor S.I. Dudnik, Head of the Department of the History of Philosophy and Director of the Institute of Philosophy of St. Petersburg State University. The most important provisions of his concept of the history of political thought, the formation of Russian statehood, the principles of constitutionalism and the rule of law are considered. In his works, he focused on the need for a synthesis of historical-philosophical, socio-cultural and axiological studies. The views of S.I. Dudnik on the theoretical foundations and humanistic aspects of the political philosophy of classical and Soviet Marxism, the features of the ideology of socialism and conservatism, the prerequisites for the “totalitarian mutation” of the Soviet society. The article also examines the works by S.I. Dudnik devoted to the traditions of philosophical education at St. Petersburg University. These include receptivity to everything relevant and progressive in world philosophy, a close connection with classical domestic and world philosophy, the development of a methodology for politics and political culture. It is shown that the scholar analyzed the St. Petersburg experience of the modernization process through the development of scientific knowledge in Russia during the eighteenth — twentieth centuries and the formation of science as a social institution in the life of Russian society. A special place in Russian science is occupied with the research by S.I. Dudnik of the transformation of education in the digital age, the modern Russian education system. The article emphasizes that Professor S.I. Dudnik is a worthy representative of the St. Petersburg philosophical school, a successor to its best traditions; under his leadership, the Institute of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University has consolidated its position as the flagship of domestic philosophical research, one of the centers of world philosophy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kamnev Vladimir M. , Pirogov Aleksei A. ,   Medical Technical College no. 2
Published: February 2024

The article explores the basic concepts of the Russian worldview in the historiosophical context and the comparison of this phenomenon with other national types of thinking. The reasons for the crisis fall of European civilization are described. It is noted that one of the main reasons for that tragic phenomenon was the fact that Europe has completely abandoned its Christian roots. The authors insist that historically there was a formation of the personality of a new European, which came because of the destruction of the former heroic type. The article also describes in detail the Russian worldview, its patriotic, collective, irrational and religious nature. It is noted that the Russian is characterized by a metaphysical movement of the spirit, which is especially fully revealed in tragic periods of national history. The authors believe that for the Russian type of worldview is important the process of correlation with metaphysical truth. The authors emphasize that for a modern European, the Russian worldview is mysterious and dangerous, because it correlates with the forgotten Christian truths. In conclusion, the authors suggested that Russia asks Europe existential questions: about the personalization of truth in history, about peace and war, and carries its own unique worldview, which is intuitive, deeply religious and hierarchical.