bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The anisotropic properties of granites – effects of tectonic emplacement mode on potential crystalline host rocks for nuclear waste deposits in Germany
Authors: Kroner Uwe , Hallas Peter , Müller Franz
Published: November 2021

Abstract. For permanent nuclear waste disposal sites, crystalline rocks, especially granitic/granodioritic batholiths, are considered an appropriate host rock. Principally, three types of granitic plutons occur in the extra-alpine crystalline basement of Germany that were consolidated during the late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny of Central Europe: (i) Pre-Variscan voluminous granodiorites that are hardly affected by the subsequent continent–continent collision; (ii) voluminous granites in various tectonic settings intruded during the late orogenic stage of the Variscides; (iii) post-orogenic granites related to vast Permian intracontinental extension. Thus, in terms of the syn-intrusive tectonic setting and post-intrusive processes there are significant differences. Although it can be expected that different tectonic environments caused significant differences in the material properties, for Germany, however, there is no systematic study regarding the fabric of such plutonites. In order to find the most suitable “granite” we investigate the primary anisotropy of granites evolved during the emplacement and crystallization of the melt. For this we sample rocks of all three principal types and various syn-intrusive tectonic settings, i.e., compression, extension, strike-slip, transtension, and transpression. By means of combined measurements of the “Anisotropy of the Magnetic Susceptibility” and the “Shape Preferred Orientation” we characterize the syn-intrusive flow pattern, i.e., the magmatic foliation and lineation. The Crystallographic Preferred Orientation is analyzed by a combination of neutron time-of-flight experiments and electron backscatter diffraction measurements at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics at JINR, Dubna, Russia, and the TU Bergakademie Freiberg respectively. Furthermore, special attention is given to the systematic mapping of annealed microcracks evolved during late magmatic fluid escape and/or post-crystallization hydrothermal activity. In a second step we compare the primary anisotropy with the post-magmatic fracture pattern of the particular granites. Those fractures constitute probable fluid pathways and, thus, the first-order risk for a potential permanent nuclear waste disposal. All datasets are organized in a Geological Information System allowing for a complete traceability of the different investigation steps. The results of this study will serve as a basis for a future detailed exploration.
Characterizing the microstructural anisotropy of fine-grained phyllosilicate-rich rocks
Authors: Kühn Rebecca , Stipp Michael , Leiss Bernd
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The physical properties of claystones, shales, and slates are highly dependent
on the alignment of phyllosilicate minerals. With increasing overburdening,
the shape and the crystallographic preferred orientation of these minerals are
affected by uniaxial shortening as well as tectonic processes including
recrystallization under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. The
microstructural anisotropy expressed mainly by the alignment of
phyllosilicates significantly predetermines the orientation of fractures,
hence the shear strength and stability of clay-rich sediments and rocks. A
quantitative analysis of phyllosilicate alignment is therefore essential to
evaluate the properties and the mechanical behavior of these rocks. This can
be carried out by analyzing the crystallographic preferred orientation
(texture). Although texture analysis is a common tool in geosciences, it becomes more
difficult in fine-grained rocks owing to for example particle size,
heterogeneity, the polyphase composition, and difficulties in sample
preparation. Methods such as electron backscatter diffraction, neutron
diffraction, or laboratory X-ray diffraction are restricted with respect to
preparation artifacts, sampling size and statistics, water content, etc. To
overcome these issues, we successfully apply high-energy X-ray diffraction as
available at synchrotron research facilities, e.g., at the German Electron
Synchrotron Facility (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany, or the European Synchrotron
Research Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. In combination with Rietveld
refinement we analyze the bulk texture of phyllosilicate-rich rocks. Here we present the results of texture analysis from a wide range of these
rocks: Pleistocene poorly consolidated mud (rocks), affected only by
sedimentation and burial; more highly consolidated but tectonically largely
unaffected Jurassic claystone from the Opalinus Formation of the Swabian Alb;
Carboniferous shales from the Harz mountains representing low-grade
metamorphic and deformed rocks. Our methodical approach to quantifying the
microstructural anisotropy using texture analysis in fine-grained rocks allows
for the quantification of physical properties resulting from the alignment of
phyllosilicates. Furthermore, it enables the prediction of direction-dependent
mechanical strength, which is crucial for the establishment of long-term
repositories for radioactive waste in shales and claystones.
Effectiveness Of Urine Dipstick In Diagnosis Of Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Uzair Ferhat , Naz Urooj , Shuja Samia , Waheed Abdul , Assad Tahira
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy of urine dipstick in Pre-eclamplasia. Study Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of obstetrics & gynecology of a tertiary care hospital from May-2017 to September-2018. Methods: All the pregnant women of age 15-45 years, BP=140/90 mmHg on two occasions 4 hours apart or single diastolic value of 100 mmHg, gestational age >20 weeks, singleton pregnancy, booked in first trimester of pregnancy were included in the study. Statistical package SPSS 22 was used for the analysis of data chi-square tests were applied for the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick in detection of Pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. P-value was <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total 211 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Mean (SD) age was 28.26(3.86) years. Overall sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick was found to be 94% and 95.4% respectively, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 94.5% and excellent diagnostic accuracy 94.7% of urine dipstick was observed for the diagnosis of spot urine protein creatinine ratio CONCLUSION: Urine dipstick found to be sensitive and reliable test to screen pre-eclampsia
Evaluation of Mandibular Ridge Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Ijaz Moiza , Ibrahim Saira , Aslam Ayesha , Rehman Abdul , Younis Sameena , Shrafat Ammara
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the type and depth of lingual concavity in posterior mandible using pre-treatment CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) images for dental implants. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted on pre-treatment CBCT scans of 75 patients at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from February 2018 to November 2018. Methodology: Pre-treatment CBCT scans of 75 patients were selected and following parameters were measured: type of ridge (undercut, parallel, convex), ridge width, ridge height, depth of lingual concavity, concavity angle, and location of the undercut. Data was analyzed using SPSS version .24. Post-stratification Mann-Whitney U test was used for effect modifiers, while Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare study parameters between groups. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A mean concavity depth of 1.17±1.40 mm was observed while majority (46.7%) of the CBCT images presented with undercut type ridge. No significant difference was observed between males and females for any study parameter. Conclusion: Undercut ridges were frequently observed, posing a threat of lingual perforation during implant placement. Pre-operative assessment of implant site using CBCT can serve as a reliable method to avoid such complications
Comparative Analysis of The Effects of Short-Term Metformin and Metformin- Insulin Combination on the Liver in Diabetes Wistar Rats
Authors: Mubeen Sahar , Rehan Rabia , Sadia Sundus , Raza Iffat , Jabeen Sarwat
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the effects of drugs (Metformin and combination) on weight, size and volume of liver in diabetic rats. Study Design and Setting: This was an experimental comparative study conducted at Institute of Bio Medical Sciences (IBMS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Ojha Campus, Karachi. Methodology: The study was conducted on 40 albino wistar rats. Diabetic rats (n=20) were grouped into 2. One group was treated with metformin (n=10)while the other group with insulin-metformin combination (n=10) for 4 weeks. All the treated groups were compared with untreated diabetic killed (n=10). After a short period of 4 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed. Livers were isolated, weighed and grossly observed for significant changes. Absolute and mean percent liver weights as well as liver volumeof all rats were calculated. Results: Data was analyzed by using GraphPad Prism version 5.0.Data for absolute/percent liver weight and liver volume was expressed as Mean ± SEM. The value obtained was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test wherever applicable.P-value of = 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: The short-term metformin and insulin-metformin treatment doesn’t effect liver weight and volume significantly and hence, their short-term use is beneficial in type 2 diabetes.
Effects of Virtual Rehabilitation and Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediated Motor Improvement in Stroke Patients
Authors: Anjum Aiman Farogh , Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Sadiq Noman , Samad Abdul , Jawwad Ghazala , Ayaz Hira
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To carry out a comparison between serum BDNF levels as well as enhancement in upper limb motor function in terms of gross movement, pinch, grip, primary grasp, pre and post intervention in the study and control groups. Study design And Setting: It was a Randomized Control Study conducted from March 2015 to March 2016 at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi in collaboration with the Multidisciplinary research laboratory at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Methodology: In this study; forty stroke patients were randomly designated to either the study group or the control group. Upper limb activity capability which was quantified by Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) was measured in both control and study group. The control group underwent traditional upper limb physiotherapy for 16 sessions. The study group underwent Constraint Induced Movement Therapy for the upper limb in combination with the use of motion capture video gaming technology for 16 sessions each of twenty minutes duration. Before and after completion of intervention sessions; ARAT and serum BDNF were measured and compared in both control and study groups. Results: Serum BDNF levels was significantly improved in study group as compare to control group (p<0.001). ARAT showed significant improvement in study group participants as compare to control groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Virtual rehabilitation was an efficacious method for Neuroplastic enhancement in stroke patients
Hepatitis B and C Infection in Gujrat, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mehmood Sajid , Mashori Abdullah , Khalid Hira , Mushtaq Asim , Hyder Muhammad Zeeshan
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hep B and C, gender distribution, route of transmission, family history of Hepatitis and treatment options. Study Design and Setting: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Dr Mujahid's Lab Bhimber road Gujrat, Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 1181 individuals were included in this study. Among these 1181 individuals, 528 individuals were screened for hepatitis B and C by immuno chromatographic test (ICT) at Dr. Mujahid’s Lab, Bhimber road, Gujrat while rest of the 653 individuals were asked about the hepatitis status by using a well-structured questionnaire. Other related questions were also included like age, sex, marital status, mode of transmission, and about treatment to evaluate the risk factors associated with disease. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 17. Results: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C was 1.37% and 8.26% in surveyed while 1.5% and 9.1% in screened population of district Gujrat respectively. In surveyed hepatitis C patients, 72% were females and 28% were males. Among these, 91% patients were married and only 9% were unmarried. In case of hepatitis C, 9% stated polluted water, 9% medicines, 5.5% family history, 3.7% barber, 2% endemic, 2% dental surgery, 2% unhygienic food and 2% typhoid fever as a cause of infection while for hepatitis B, 33% individual’s stated low standard hoteling as a cause of infection. Overall, incidence of hepatitis was higher in screened individuals as compared to surveyed. Conclusion: This study concluded that hepatitis prevalence is high in district Gujarat. Moreover, Hepatitis C is more frequent than hepatitis B in this area
Comparison of Triamcinolone Versus Platelet Rich Plasma Injection for Improving Trismus in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Hydri Amer Sabih , Udaipurwala Iqbal Hussain , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed , Sadiq Sana Muhammad , Aslam Sohail , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the effect of Triamcinolone versus Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) injection intraorally for improving trismus in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Study Design and setting: Randomized double-blind comparative study, conducted at ENT department of PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from 1st June 2015 to 30th June 2016. Methodology: Eighty patients with trismus due to oral submucous fibrosis were divided randomly into two groups, ‘A’ and ‘B’ of 40 patients each. In Group A, Inj. Triamcinolone 40mg (1 ml) was injected into the sub-mucosal plane in the retro-molar trigone area and into the fibrous bands along the soft palate on multiple sites, weekly for 6 weeks. In group B Inj. PRP 1ml weekly was administered for 6 weeks along the same site. Vernier calipers were used to precisely measure the Maximum Interincisal Distance (MIID) in cms before and after the treatment. Result: There was a male preponderance in the study group with a male to female ratio of 5.1:1. In group ‘A’ mean pretreatment MIID was 2.3±0.7 cms, while in group ‘B’, it was 2.2± 0.5 cms. After completion of 6 weeks treatment the mean MIID improved in group ‘A’ to 3.08 ± 0.8cms, and in group ‘B’ to 3.22± 0.5cms. The mean improvement in MIID in group ‘A’ was 0.783± 0.25cms compared to 1.01± 0.05 cms in group ‘B’ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intraoral injection of PRP is more effective than Triamcinolone in improving trismus due to OSMF
Ergonomic Awareness: Simple Solution To Prevent Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs)
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Shehzad Ambreen , Ali Syeda Tahniyat
Published: November 2021

Musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or dysfunctions that affects muscles, bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilages, and spinal discs. They include sprains, strains, tears, soreness, pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, hernias, and connective tissue injuries of the structures previously mentioned
BlaOXA-48 Genotypic Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Bakhat Shaista , Taj Yasmeen , Hanif Faisal , Nadeem Saman
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a molecular level by detecting OXA-48 gene which transcribe for resistance to the antibiotic carbapenem among indoor patients of a tertiary care hospital Karachi. Study Design and Setting: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 at PNS Shifa hospital of Karachi. Methodology: Total 140 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were received and cultured from pus samples. These samples were collected from different wards like medicine, surgery, burn unit, ICU, ENT, plastic surgery, paedriatic and family ward. Carbapenem resistance was screened phenotypically by AST (Antibiotic susceptibility test), MHT (Modified Hodge test) and mCIM (Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method) in all samples. Only in resistant cases OXA-48 gene was detected by real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Data was analyzed by following the proper loading sequence on product specification sheet. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results were expressed as frequencies (percentages). Results: Out of 140, 17 (12%) were found to be resistant to carbapenem by AST, 20 (14%) by MHT, 25 (17.8%) by mCIM. Out of 25 resistant cases, 4 (16%) presence of OXA-48 gene by real time PCR were detected. Conclusion: OXA-48 gene showed 16% carbapenem resistance in this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic organism which causes multidrug resistance especially in hospitalized patients. Carbapenem is the last resort for serious infections
Hydrocephalus and Its Diagnosis - A Review
Authors: Surti Ambreen , Usmani Ambreen
Published: November 2021

Hydrocephalus is enlargement of the ventricular system of the brain due to increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and pressure. Congenital hydrocephalus is further classified as communicating and non-communicating depending on whether there is an obstruction to the flow of CSF or not. Multiple causes have been identified in literature which has been summarized as an imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF. It can lead to cognitive impairment, cerebral palsy and visual field defects. It is crucial to identify this condition prenatally as it can leave a debilitating impact on the fetus. Several modalities like ultrasound, computed tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to diagnose hydrocephalus. These can help reduce the disease burden and provide means for timely decisions.
A construção da RILA entre Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Paraguai e os novos usos territoriais no município de Porto Murtinho, no Brasil
Authors: Bitencourt Jackson Batista
Published: November 2021

Nas últimas décadas, os países sul-americanos forjaram uma agenda de integração que proporcionouuma nova visão estratégica sub-regional, com base em redes estratégicas de infraestrutura.Embora essa agenda tenha sido descontinuada, a construção da RILA (Rota de Integração Latino-Americana),que conectará o centro-sul do Brasil, o Paraguai, o norte da Argentina e o norte do Chile, temsido um importante elo político sub-regional. Ao interligar regiões economicamente dinâmicas aos portoschilenos, a RILA não somente dinamizará o escoamento da produção regional para mercados asiáticose americanos, mas, também, estimulará os fluxos comerciais, de investimentos e de pessoas noâmbito sub-regional. Essa rota, contudo, passará, também, regiões menos dinâmicas, como a Faixa deFronteira do Brasil. Desse modo, identificam-se transformações socioeconômicas derivadas da implantaçãoda RILA em diferentes escalas. Os recursos da análise de escalas de poder e de gestão proporcionamtanto identificar essas transformações quanto relacioná-las a diferentes agentes e atores. No casodo município de Porto Murtinho, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, localizado na Faixa de Fronteirado Brasil, a sobreposição de interesses de diferentes agentes e atores tem imposto novos usos ao território.No entanto, há escassa participação da escala local nessas novas dinâmicas territoriais.
Obstructive sleep apnea: a modern view of the problem
Authors: Rubina S. S. , Makarova I. I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In recent years, there has been evidence not only of the widespread prevalence of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the population, but also of the progression of the disease in the dynamic follow-up of patients. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the current state of etiopathogenesis, clinics of obstructive sleep apnea and to identify more promising treatment approaches and risk factors for its development. Materials and methods. The analysis of publications was performed for the period 2016-2021 on the basis of data from Elibrary, the Federal Electronic Medical Library of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the bibliographic database of medical publications MEDLINE, created by the US National Library of Medicine. Sixty-one sources were selected for the review. Results and discussion. Obstructive sleep apnea is widely represented in the group of sleep disorders and is correlated with a number of clinical conditions: cardiovascular diseases (acute cerebrovascular disease, resistant arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart rhythm disorder), endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome, obesity), ophthalmological pathology (neurooptikopathies), sudden death, etc. Severe daytime sleepiness due to OSA is not only a medical but also a social problem due to increased injury rates, accidents at work and on the road, and decreased labor productivity. Conclusion. The introduction of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to diagnostic standards will improve the detection and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and improve the quality of life of patients. Change of lifestyle and use of PAP-therapy in patients with OSA is currently the most adequate direction in the treatment of this pathology. High prevalence, serious consequences for the nation's health and economy dictate the need for further study of markers of this disease for early prediction and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diseases associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
The effect of digital marketing on the management of relationships with university students in times of Covid-19
Authors: Vicente-Ramos Wagner , Cano-Torres Luz Mirella
Published: November 2021

The present study's main objective was to analyze and determine the impact of digital marketing on the management of relationships with university students in times of Covid-19. The study was conducted from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental transactional correlational transactional research design. A questionnaire was applied to 400 students aged 18 to 37 years belonging to the Continental University of the city of Huancayo in Peru. The analysis of the results was developed through a data structure and tabulation model with the SmartPLS3 program and it was obtained that Content Marketing has a significant influence on the operational management of customer relationships (p<0.05), as well as on the analytical and collaborative management of customer relationships. As for Social Media Marketing, it was identified that it has a significant influence on operational customer relationship management (p<0.05), as well as on analytical and collaborative customer relationship management, due to the fact that the digital media used by Continental University are attractive to parents and families. It is concluded that Digital Marketing has a great impact on the management of relationships with students of the Continental University in the city of Huancayo in Peru.
How Compassion and Justice Mediate the effect of Ethical Leadership on Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior (OCBI)
Authors: Anwer Fakeha , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: November 2021

While many analysts have directed few investigations on the influence of ethical leadership on the behavior of citizenship, in different contexts, however, not much is known about the moral components make it possible to produce follow-up findings as Organizational Citizenship Behavior(OCBs) for leaders, especially, Interpersonal OCBs (OCBI). For this, we suggested a hypothetical structure, thereby adapting Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara and Viera-Armas (2019) model to include Organizational Justice. Therefore, we intend to study the association of Ethical Leadership with OCBI empirically while in the view of various determining factors of Workplace Compassion (i.e. empathic concern, common humanity, mindfulness, and kindness), and Organizational Justice (i.e. procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactional justice) as mediating variables. Empirical validity was recognized; by directing a review utilizing a standardized close-ended questionnaire. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structured Equation Modeling (SEM), information was collected from 350 employees and investigated. Both direct and indirect effect was tested; by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS software. Thus, the results revealed that: except for Common Humanity, ethical leadership remained significantly and positively connected with all factors of Workplace Compassion (Empathic Concern, Mindfulness, and Kindness), as well as with all three-factor of Organizational Justice (Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice, and Interactional Justice. However, ethical leadership seems to hurt the Mindfulness factor. Also, among compassion determinants, only Empathic Concern seems to affect OCBI. Whereas only interactional justice has a significant positive association with OCBI; further, the findings revealed that there is an insignificant mediating effect of workplace compassion and organizational justice in the ethical leadership relationship with OCBI. Hence, the investigation has portrayed significant ramifications for the organizations.
文化雙融：執兩用中的策略新思維
Authors: 陳明哲 陳明哲
Published: November 2021

《明哲文選》收錄了全球著名策略管理學者陳明哲教授過去三十年來的代表性著作，內容包含學術理論、企業實務以及傳承育人，展現了陳明哲教授在融合東方與西方、學術與實務、專業與人文的多重情境下，所開闢出來一條獨特的學術創業之路。這套文選旨在提供讀者瞭解與運用陳明哲教授「精一」和「雙融」的思想理念、實踐心得乃至系統方法，也期許讀者回歸自己，反思如何在變動的大環境下，找到安身立命之道。

《明哲文選》系列之三《文化雙融：執兩用中的策略新思維》是整部文選的思想底蘊，收錄了陳明哲教授所創立的文化雙融理論體系中的學術著作與商業應用文章。文化雙融理念倡導在理解對立的基礎上「執兩用中」，尋求平衡與整合的創新機遇，這種思維對於讀者思考自身所面臨的兩難問題，乃至應對當今全球環境的劇變，均大有裨益。
Ecchimosi sospette
Authors: Brienza Carmine , Imperatore Agostino , Nunziata Felice
Published: November 2021

The paper reports the case of a 3-month girl presenting with “bruising of unknown origin”. Clinical findings sustained the diagnosis of “maltreatment”.
Influência das legislações urbanísticas na expansão urbana
Authors: Guedes Leonardo , Moura Larissa Daniela Castro
Published: November 2021

Este artigo discute a expansão urbana tendo como base o papel das legislações urbanísticas na estimulação do crescimento urbano. Acreditando que a legislação urbanística deve ser o principal condutor desse crescimento, discute-se o papel dos Planos Diretores na definição da configuração urbana. Assim, discorre-se sobre os principais fatores que motivaram o crescimento de parte da região sudeste de Goiânia, buscando estabelecer a relação temporal entre os principais acontecimentos, mostrando a atuação dos agentes produtores do espaço na dinâmica urbana. Como resultados da pesquisa, verificou-se a formação de adensamento e espraiamento em uma mesma região, tendo como principal indutor a implantação de um grande equipamento. Na região estudada, houve a formação de novos arranjos territoriais, com a concentração de condomínios horizontais fechados, ultrapassando os limites do município de Goiânia, o que levou à conurbação com o município vizinho, Senador Canedo. Nesse município também foi constatada a implantação de vários condomínios horizontais fechados.
Atuação do enfermeiro na unidade de terapia intensiva no contexto de covid-19
Authors: Alves Lima Júnior Francisco , Passos Jullayne Rodrigues , Gomes Maiane Costa Chaves , Silva Thalytha Thawany Ferreira da , Santos Bianca da Costa , Queiroz Patricia dos Santos Silva , Machado Antônio Silva , Lima Karla Vanessa Morais , Oliveira Analyta Rodrigues Severo
Published: November 2021

O COVID-19 é uma doença infectocontagiosa que se apresenta em ascensão, em que muitos casos necessitam de cuidados intensivos, visto que a UTI trata-se de um ambiente que visa garantir a sobrevida do paciente com a monitorização continua, e o enfermeiro é peça chave nesse processo. Diante disso, o estudo teve por objetivo fazer uma análise da atuação dos enfermeiros intensivistas diante da pandemia de Covid-19, bem como apontar as práticas e as dificuldades da assistência ao paciente com Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na BVS, e nos bancos de dados: LILACS e BDENF, e SCIELO, entre 2019-2021. O enfermeiro da UTI passou a desempenhar com mais veemência ações gerenciais que incluem gerenciamento de equipe, de insumos e o manejo de equipamentos, além da participação do planejamento e funcionamento da UTI e organização da assistência e a construção de protocolos de cuidado e fluxo de atendimento. Os maiores desafios e dificuldades referem-se à falta de investimentos e recursos materiais e humanos, deficiência de profissionais qualificados, e mudanças na rotina e forma de Assistência. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a pandemia de Covid-19 proporcionou adquirir novas habilidades, e mostrou a necessidade de adequações nos cuidados intensivos na assistência de enfermagem ao paciente.
Análise da espessura e flexão de matrizes pelo método dos elementos finitos
Authors: Jose Silveira Evalderico , Martins Marcelo Sampaio
Published: November 2021

As chamadas Matrizes de Corte estão presentes em grande parte da indústria global devido à sua funcionalidade eo custo de produção dos produtos dela oriundos. Deste modo, a realização de Projetos de Ferramentas de Corte, como furação, dobra e repuxo, demanda do seu correto dimensionamento levando em considerações as condições de contorno inerentes à cada operação. O rompimento ou rupturas destas Matrizes durante o processo de produção causam paradas não programadas, com possíveis atrasos de entregas ao cliente, manutenções corretivas por vezes inadequadas, dentre outras. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo comparativo, cujo objetivo principal é o de análise da espessura da matriz análoga e a obtida computacionalmente via FEM para posteriores aplicações em matrizes que estão em operação (fisicamente disponível na empresa Metalúrgica Caser), mantendo o mesmo ciclo de vida. Por fim, a análise dos resultados obtidos do modo analítico em literatura específica da área abordada, com o computacional por meio de simulação. Palavras-chave: Estampagem; Estampos; Matriz; Ferramentas de corte; Método dos Elementos Finitos.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMALARIAL–ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SOME NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF CHLOROQUINOLINE BASED PYRAZOLES
Authors: Sonker S. , Pathak D. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH#2, Delhi- Mathura Highway, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: November 2021

The prime aim of the present investigation was to synthesize a series of novel derivatives of pyrazole based quinolines by the reaction of substituted chalcones and characterized them by their physical and spectral data. All the compounds were confirmed by TLC and melting point. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of IR, 1 H NMR, EIMS spectral analysis and elemental analysis. The synthesized target compounds were screened for their anti-malarial activity using Vero cell line (C1008; Monkey kidney fibroblast) against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) with the standard and SI was measured by using IC50 and CC50 of tested compounds. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two each gram positive, gram negative and antifungal strains.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF SWARNA BHASMA ON SLEEP DEPRIVED INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RATS
Authors: Khan A.Y. , Sheikh A. A , Tenpe C. R. , Patole A. M , Biyani K. R. ,   Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon, Meghe, Wardha - 442 001, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate neuroprotective efficacy of swarna bhasma on cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation in rats. Radial arm maze and elevated plus maze methods were used for behavioural testing in rats. The male albino rats were divided into five experimental groups as normal, sleep deprived control, galantamine and two test groups of swarna bhasma. All the animals except normal were kept on daily 8 to 9 hrs sleep restriction for the induction of cognitive impairment. The cognitive performances were checked on the 7th, 14th and 20th day. Treatment with Swarna bhasma reversed the performances by improved spatial memory, increased correct arm entries, decreased number of errors, time to complete task and decreased in transfer latency. Estimation of biochemical parameters in blood plasma of treated groups with Swarna bhasma showed to be more potent antioxidant and reverts the sleep deprived induced cognitive deficits in rats.
NOVEL SCHIFF'S BASES OF SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINO BENZOTHIAZOLES: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sai Priya D. , Kini S. G , Bhatt V. G , Rathi E , Muralidharan A. , Koteshwara A ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka - 576 104, India
Published: November 2021

Novel Schiff’s bases bearing substituted 2-amino benzothiazole were synthesized by single step process through simple condensation of 2-amino benzothiazole and substituted benzaldehydes and further characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and Mass spectrometry data. Antimicrobial activity of compounds was performed by agar diffusion method against a panel of bacterial strains such as S. aureus, B. subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria), E. coli, P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria) and fungal strains such as C. albicans and A. niger. Compound S13 and S17 had shown potent antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger respectively among the novel Schiff’s base compounds when compared to standard, and S13 compound had only shown moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus amongst all. Molecular docking study was carried out against C. albicans DHFR (Dihydrofolate Reductase) domain to confirm their activity.
THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF CAVEOLINS AND INTERMEDIARY ROLE IN VARIOUS MECHANISMS VIA BIOMOLECULAR PATHWAYS
Authors: Upadhyay P. K. , Vishwakarma V. K. ,   \Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura - 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2021

Caveolins are integral membrane proteins which consist of caveolae, present in plasma membrane. Many researchers have reported the role of caveolae in major physiological conduits of the mammalian cells, including cholesterol homeostasis, transcytosis and endocytosis. Caveolin also play a role in ischemic preconditioning of heart, postmenopausal women, brain microvessels, cancer progression and Alzheimer’s disease. Attenuation of myocardial protection in diabetic heart may be due to decrease in the ischemic preconditioning mediated release of nitric oxide, upregulation of caveolin and consequently decrease in activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Caveolin alogwith integral membrane proteins overexpress in a huge range of tumor entities, while hormonal changes cause variation in caveolin expression. Under ovariectomy conditions, eNOS inhibitory action occurs because of interaction between eNOS and caveolin. Some new concepts explain that multiple proteins, including caveolin-1 alter trans-membrane flux of fatty acid and play role in fatty acid uptake. Caveolin can be useful in the controlling of cardiovascular system (CVS) and brain disease using various predicaments. New intermediate steps have been discovered which correlate various mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning, cardiopotection and eNOS in the field of cardiovascular research.
Urgency and Opportunity: Addressing Global Health, Climate, and Biodiversity Crises by Scaling-Up the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous and Community Land Rights and Livelihoods
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: November 2021

The legal recognition and protection of the land and territorial rights of Indigenous Peoples (IPs), local communities (LCs), and Afro-descendants (ADs) offers one of the most reliable, efficient, and equitable solutions to the pursuit of global climate and biodiversity commitments and the realization of a safer and more resilient world for all. Backed by a robust body of research showing the transformative socio-ecological impacts of community-based tenure security, new analyses now confirm the global extent of community lands and the tangible opportunities within countries to dramatically accelerate the legal recognition and protection of the customary land and resource rights of communities.
The Opportunity Framework 2020: Identifying Opportunities to Invest in Securing Collective Tenure Rights in the Forest Areas of Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: November 2021

Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-Descendant Peoples (IP, LC & ADP) — roughly 2.5 billion people — customarily manage over 50% of the global land mass, but governments currently recognize their legal ownership to just 10% (RRI, 2015). Fortunately, there has been progress in addressing this historic injustice in recent years as governments have begun to pass legislation and achieve court decisions to recognize the historic and customary use and ownership of these lands. A recent stock-taking finds that since 2002, at least 14 additional countries have passed legislation that require governments to recognize these rights. Similarly, there have been positive national and regional level court decisions in numerous countries supporting the formal recognition of the collective land and forest rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples. RRI research demonstrates that if only 7 countries implemented these new laws, policies, and court decisions, over 176 million hectares would be transferred from government to Indigenous, local community, and Afro-descendant ownership, benefitting over 200 million people (RRI, 2018). The focus of this report, and the Framework itself, is limited to formal recognition of land and forest rights (i.e. delimitation, mapping, registry, etc.). It does not assess the important and subsequent steps of strengthening community or territorial governance, the enforcement of these rights by governments, or the capacities necessary to enable Indigenous, local community, and Afro-descendant organizations to manage or exploit their resources or engage in enterprises or economic development activities – all of which are essential for sustained and self-determined conservation and development. This Framework focuses on the first step in this longer process.
La importancia mundial de los territorios comunitarios de 24 países para los objetivos climáticos
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   Woodwell Climate Research Center,   Rainforest Foundation US
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación nos recuerda oportunamente la importancia mundial de las tierras y territorios comunitarios; su importancia para la protección, la restauración y el uso sostenible de los bosques tropicales en todo el mundo; así como las graves brechas presentes en la arquitectura internacional del desarrollo que hasta ahora han socavado el progreso hacia el reconocimiento legal de dichas tierras y territorios. Nuestros hallazgos indican que los Pueblos Indígenas, los Pueblos Afrodescendientes y las comunidades locales poseen y utilizan consuetudinariamente al menos 958 millones de hectáreas (mha) de tierra en los 24 países examinados, pero tienen derechos legalmente reconocidos sobre menos de la mitad de esta superficie (447 mha). Se calcula que sus tierras almacenan al menos 253,5 gigatoneladas de carbono (GtC), desempeñando un papel vital en el mantenimiento de sumideros y depósitos de gases de efecto invernadero de importancia mundial. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de este carbono (el 52%, es decir, 130,6 GtC) está almacenado en tierras y territorios comunitarios que aún no han sido reconocidos legalmente.
Time series analysis of observed maximum and minimum air temperature at four urban cities of India during 1951-2015
Authors: SAIKAT PRAMANIK , SOURAV SIL , SAMIRAN MANDAL
Published: November 2021

A sixty - five year (1951-2015) long data for monthly minimum temperature (TMIN) and maximum temperature (TMAX), observed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), is statistically analyzed at four urban stations namely Bhubaneswar, Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai of India. A bimodal nature in seasonality is noticed for TMAX and TMIN at all locations. Two peaks for TMAX and TMIN are observed in May and September. Exceptionally, Mumbai shows TMAX peaks during May and November and Delhi shows TMIN peaks during June and September. Higher standard deviations (SD) for TMAX is noted at Delhi with a maximum in March (1.78 °C), while for Chennai, the SD for TMIN is lesser compared to other cities. Two different periods 1951-1980 (P1, the first half of the study period) and 1981-2015 (P2, the second half of the study period) were identified from the time series of both TMAX and TMIN. A higher increasing trend is observed during P2 than P1 in all the cities except in TMIN at Mumbai. The highest increasing trend (0.040 °C/year) is observed for TMIN in Mumbai during P1 time, but the trend is almost constant (0.001 °C/year) during P2 time. The highest increasing trend for TMIN at Mumbai is mainly contributed by the increasing trend in post-monsoon and winter months in P1. Surprisingly, in both P1 and P2, the trends are less during monsoon months for all the cities. A consistent 5-year (3-year) band is observed throughout the wavelet power spectrum at the coastal cities Bhubaneswar, Mumbai (Chennai). However, the 5-year signal is not consistent at Delhi and it is observed only during the year 1975-1980. The global wavelet power spectrum showed that TMIN at Chennai has less power (0.6 °C2) corresponding to 3-year signal and Mumbai has highest power (12 °C2) corresponding to the 5-year signal in comparison to other cities.
The study of frost occurrence and risk analysis in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India during recent decades
Authors: S D ATTRI , SUDHEER KUMAR , N CHATTOPADHYAY , S TIWARI , ANITA KASHYAP
Published: November 2021

Frost, an important meteorological extreme event has discernible impacts on agricultural crops specifically in Indo-Gangetic plains. The information on time of occurrence of frost and its frequency can help in reducing the risks and avoidable losses due to frost. The study investigated the occurrence of frost indices viz., onset, cessation and frost-free duration at nine locations in six States in Gangetic Plains of India during November to March (151 Days) using daily minimum temperature from 1980 to 2015. The multiple risk levels (90%, 70% and 50%) were used to determine the occurrence of frost probability for all frost indices. Trends in the frost indices were analyzed using the non- parametric Mann-Kendall test. The results showed the onset of frost mostly in December and January, whereas cessation of frost was observed during January to March with variations in date of onset and cessation from one location to another. The mean value of frost duration varied between 42 days at Amritsar to 2 days at Delhi during past 36 years. Number of frost days showed negative trends reflecting reduction in duration of frost. The rate of decrease in frost duration ranges from 0.5 day to 1.5 days per decade depending on the location. Trends for onset, cessation and frost-free duration were inconsistent at different stations.
Comparison of different artificial neural network (ANN) training algorithms to predict the atmospheric temperature in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: ANUSHKA PERERA , HAZI MD. AZAMATHULLA , UPAKA RATHNAYAKE
Published: November 2021

Use of Artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict weather parameters has become important over the years. ANN models give more accurate results in weather and climate forecasting among many other methods. However, different models require different data and these data have to be handled accordingly, but carefully. In addition, most of these data are from non-linear processes and therefore, the prediction models are usually complex. Nevertheless, neural networks perform well for non-linear data and produce well acceptable results. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare different ANN models to predict the minimum atmospheric temperature and maximum atmospheric temperature in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. ANN models were trained using eight different training algorithms. BFGS Quasi Newton (BFG), Conjugate gradient with Powell-Beale restarts (CGB), Levenberg-Marquadt (LM), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Fletcher-Reeves update Conjugate Gradient algorithm (CGF), One Step Secant (OSS), Polak-Ribiere update Conjugate Gradient (CGP) and Resilient Back-Propagation (RP) training algorithms were fed to the climatic data in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The performance of the different training algorithms to train ANN models were evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R). The evaluation shows that training algorithms BFG, LM and SCG have outperformed others while OSS training algorithm has the lowest performance in comparison to other algorithms used.
Characteristics of near-surface air pollutants at an urban station in the central Indo-Gangetic Basin
Authors: SUNIL KUMAR , A K SRIVASTAVA , V PATHAK
Published: November 2021

Measurements of near-surface air pollutants at an urban station, Lucknow have been studied at two contrasting sites as residential and industrial during three-year period from 2015 to 2017 to understand their variability on different temporal scales. The annual mean mass concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO) and particulate matter of size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) at an industrial site were about 10 ± 5, 28 ± 17, 10 ± 11 and 128 ± 99 µg m-3 and at the residential site were about 8 ± 5, 30 ± 21, 9 ± 7 and 102 ± 81 µg m-3 respectively. It was observed that the annual mean mass concentration of PM2.5 was about 3 times higher than its annual National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) level. However, SO2 and NO2 were about 5 and 1.5 times lower to their annual NAAQS levels, respectively. The seasonal mean mass concentrations of all the pollutants were found to be highest during the winter/post-monsoon season at both the sites, which are more pronounced at industrial site compared to residential site. The observed high pollutants over the station during the winter/post-monsoon season were found to be largely associated with the air mass back-trajectories from N-NW direction.