bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular magnetic domains in Fe–Ga alloys
Authors: Tianen Matthew N. , Seguin Daniel J. , Wang Yu U. , Jin Yongmei M.
Published: July 2020

A peculiar magnetic domain pattern (so-called cellular domain structure) was recently observed in Fe–Ga alloys, which was claimed to be responsible for desirable hysteresis-free and isotropic magnetization behaviors and to be associated with the reported non-Joulian magnetism [H. D. Chopra and M. Wuttig, Nature 521, 340 (2015)]. So far, such cellular domain phenomenon is observed only in Fe–Ga single crystal specimens of thin disk shape and with special thermal history. In this Letter, we report that the cellular domain structure is also observed in as-cast polycrystalline Fe–Ga alloys that are simply synthesized by arc-melting without special thermal treatment. For comparison, the cellular domains observed in an Fe–Ga single crystal specimen of rectangular prism shape are also presented. The cellular domain structure is discussed in light of a surface domain phenomenon and is found to be well interpreted by the Stephan model [Von W. Stephan, Exp. Tech. Phys. 4, 153 (1956)] based on classical domain theory, contrary to the Chopra–Wuttig model relying on the hypothesized charge density wave theory.
Structural evolution and fusion behavior of gold supercrystals under stress: Insights from atomistic simulations
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Wu Youlin , Li Guofeng , Zhang Yang , Zhai Hua
Published: July 2020

Stress-driven assembly and sintering of nanocrystal (NC) supercrystals is an effective mechanical method for fabricating ordered 1D nanostructure arrays. Here, we preform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for alkylthiol-coated gold supercrystal to reveal its structural evolution and fusion behavior under high-pressure-induced stress. On initial hydrostatic compression, the supercrystal reduces lattice dimension nonlinearly with pressure and displays a reversible pressure-dependent change of interparticle distance, in good agreement with the experiment. Subsequently, the deviatoric compression results in a distorted and noncubic superstructure, where an unexpected structural hysteresis is observed during a compression–release cycle. These structural changes are explained in terms of the molecular conformation of passivating ligands as well as its variations caused by the change in the external stress. In particular, when the pressure exceeds a threshold, neighboring NCs start to contact one another and consolidate into numerous dimers and trimers, which further evolve into short nanorods and finally lead to an irreversible formation of stable nanowires. The structural and stress change in the gold NCs during the compression process are also analyzed. This work is expected to provide useful insights into the mechanical response of supercrystals subjected to an external stress.
Investigation and parameterization of transition shielding in roughness-disturbed boundary layer with direct numerical simulations
Authors: Lu Yuhan , Liu Hongkang , Liu Zaijie , Yan Chao
Published: July 2020

Roughness-induced transition control is a key technology for aircraft design, and associated research is useful in practical applications as well as for understanding the mechanism of the roughness-induced transition. One practical approach involves the “shielding effect,” whereby the roughness-induced transition is shielded by smaller pockets of surrounding roughness. In this paper, we investigate the shielding effect of a two-dimensional downstream strip in the boundary layer disturbed by discrete smooth-edged roughness and focus on the shielding strip height kss and the distance between the two areas of roughness xss. Our results indicate that downstream shielding delays the transition by weakening the strongest streamwise vortices in the middle of the wake, thus inhibiting the “lift-up” effect that induces growth in the disturbance. The main mechanisms for reducing the streamwise vorticity are (a) enhanced dissipation of the streamwise vorticity and (b) conversion of streamwise vorticity into more stable spanwise vorticity. The strip suppresses the separation zone behind the roughness, thus affecting the receptivity process and reducing the initial disturbance. However, the strip strengthens other streamwise vortices in the wake. When kss exceeds a critical value, vortices closer to the wall will induce stronger lift-up than those in the middle of the wake, resulting in an earlier transition. Analysis of xss shows a simpler trend, whereby the onset position of the transition moves upstream as xss increases. This is because the shielding strip weakens the streamwise vortices earlier and the separation zone becomes smaller as the strip moves closer to the discrete roughness patch.
The analytic description of a stationary flow over a narrow obstacle
Authors: Semenko Evgeny V.
Published: July 2020

A stationary flow over a narrow obstacle is considered. Though the problem seems rather simple, it appears that it is not amenable to standard shallow water theory. Therefore, the flow is modeled by the Euler equations with the natural boundary conditions, including the flow at infinity given as the constant solution in shallow water theory. Then, the model is approximated by the linearized Euler equations, which are transformed into a problem of finding an analytic velocity satisfying rather unusual boundary conditions. This velocity is then determined with the help of a Fourier transform and used to calculate some approximate flow contours.
National Institute of Standards and Technology transportable tunable ultraviolet laser irradiance facility for water pathogen inactivation
Authors: Larason Thomas C.
Published: July 2020

A method of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for water pathogen inactivation effectiveness using tunable, narrowband laser light is described. A transportable tunable UV (TTUV) laser system for providing a known irradiance (μW/cm2) or dose (mJ/cm2) suitable for irradiating water samples in Petri dishes over the wavelength range of 210 nm–300 nm was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The TTUV facility, consisting of a 1 kHz pulsed UV laser and light-tight enclosure containing the optics necessary to uniformly irradiate a water sample, was used in a microbiology laboratory to dose drinking water pathogens and surrogates as part of a Water Research Foundation study in the summer and fall of 2012. The approach demonstrated improved accuracy and simplified spectral analysis over conventional pathogen inactivation sources consisting of broadband UV sources and bandpass filters. In this work, the TTUV facility design and key components are described, including modifications in the field to provide the required irradiance levels. The irradiance and dose levels produced by the tunable UV laser during the project are also presented. The transportability of the TTUV system enabled it to be brought to a microbiology facility allowing the water samples (microbial suspensions) to be irradiated in a location with experienced staff and facilities for preparing, handling, analyzing, storing, and shipping the many samples studied. These results, published elsewhere, established that the tunable UV laser system provides unique UVGI capabilities for use with water pathogens and has applications for other pathogen experiments, for example, air-purification studies.
Understanding stocking rate in response to supplementary feed in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Jimoh Saheed Olaide , Yin Yantin , Li Ping , Muraina Taofeek Olatunbosun , Hou Xiangyang
Published: July 2020

In grazing systems, stocking rate (SR) is critical for the maintenance of grassland and livestock productivity. However, little is known about the relationship between the amount of supplementary feed used by livestock producers and SR, particularly across the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, China. This limits the understanding of whether feed supplements impact SR. Therefore, we studied 716 herding households using a two-round panel dataset collected across the five ecosystem types in Inner Mongolia. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine how the amount of supplementary feeds affects SR. Our results show that feed supplementation is not associated with increased SR across the grassland ecosystems. The amount of grains and pellets used by households was negatively related to SR, whereas the amount of hay was not correlated with SR. Overall, these results demonstrate that feed supplementation did not influence herders’ decision to overgraze. Thus, policies that underpin the scientific exploration of novel approaches to supplementary feed use in grazing systems are required. This could help achieve environmental sustainability and enhance the attainment of the desired modern livestock production system in Inner Mongolia and similar ecosystems.
A single-cell Raman-based platform to identify developmental stages of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Authors: Hsu Chia-Chen , Xu Jiabao , Brinkhof Bas , Wang Hui , Cui Zhanfeng , Huang Wei E. , Ye Hua
Published: July 2020

Significance

We developed a label-free and noninvasive single-cell Raman microspectroscopy (SCRM)-based platform to identify neural cell lineages derived from clinically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Through large-scale Raman spectral analysis, we can distinguish hiPSCs and hiPSC-derived neural cells using their intrinsic biochemical profile. We identified glycogen as a Raman biomarker for neuronal differentiation and validated the results using conventional glycogen detection assays. The parameters obtained from SCRM were processed by a novel machine learning method based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)-enhanced ensemble stacking, enabling highly accurate and robust cell classification. The platform and the proposed biomarker should also be applicable to other cell types and can shed light on developmental biology and glycogen metabolism disorders.
Long-range intramolecular allostery and regulation in the dynein-like AAA protein Mdn1
Authors: Mickolajczyk Keith J. , Olinares Paul Dominic B. , Niu Yiming , Chen Nan , Warrington Sara E. , Sasaki Yusuke , Walz Thomas , Chait Brian T. , Kapoor Tarun M.
Published: July 2020

Significance

The dynein-like AAA motor Mdn1 drives ribosome biogenesis by using ATP-fueled motions to dislodge assembly factor proteins from 60S precursor particles. It is not known how this unusually large (>500 kDa) mechanoenzyme coordinates the activities of its C-terminal MIDAS domain, which binds specific preribosomal proteins, with the ATPase cycle in its N-terminal AAA ring. Here, we show that the linking domains, which include a >500-amino acid disordered region, regulate an intramolecular binding interaction between the AAA and MIDAS domains. Surprisingly, the linking domains down-regulate MIDAS-AAA binding despite tethering these two domains together. This study provides insights into the regulation of Mdn1 function and into the design principles of large, multidomain mechanoenzymes.
Gene coexpression patterns predict opiate-induced brain-state transitions
Authors: Brynildsen Julia K. , Mace Kyla D. , Cornblath Eli J. , Weidler Carmen , Pasqualetti Fabio , Bassett Danielle S. , Blendy Julie A.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Persistent alterations to neural circuitry may help to explain why opiate abuse liability is higher among individuals with a history of chronic exposure. In this study, we employ a unique combination of computational approaches to understand how opiate-induced reorganization of network connectivity is supported by transcriptional and structural features of the brain. We identify a persistent reduction in FOS correlation network strength following opiate dependence and determine that correlated gene expression is predictive of opiate-induced changes in network connectivity. Further, we identify brain regions that influence the transition between opiate-naïve and opiate-dependent states. These findings establish a link between gene expression and changes in brain connectivity in response to opioids.
Genome-wide role of Rad26 in promoting transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair in yeast chromatin
Authors: Duan Mingrui , Selvam Kathiresan , Wyrick John J. , Mao Peng
Published: July 2020

Significance

The mechanism of eukaryotic transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is poorly understood. Here, we studied the genome-wide role of yeast Rad26, a homolog of the human Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein, in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. We found that Rad26 is not uniformly required for TC-NER in transcribed chromatin. Instead, nucleosome organization and the distribution of transcription regulators such as TFIIH and Spt4/Spt5 significantly modulate the requirement for Rad26 in TC-NER. Importantly, TC-NER is conserved from yeast to humans. Our data provide insights into the mechanism of TC-NER in eukaryotes.
Tonoplast-localized Ca
2+
pumps regulate Ca
2+
signals during pattern-triggered immunity in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hilleary Richard , Paez-Valencia Julio , Vens Cullen S. , Toyota Masatsugu , Palmgren Michael , Gilroy Simon
Published: July 2020

One of the major events of early plant immune responses is a rapid influx of Ca
2+
into the cytosol following pathogen recognition. Indeed, changes in cytosolic Ca
2+
are recognized as ubiquitous elements of cellular signaling networks and are thought to encode stimulus-specific information in their duration, amplitude, and frequency. Despite the wealth of observations showing that the bacterial elicitor peptide flg22 triggers Ca
2+
transients, there remain limited data defining the molecular identities of Ca
2+
transporters involved in shaping the cellular Ca
2+
dynamics during the triggering of the defense response network. However, the autoinhibited Ca
2+
-ATPase (ACA) pumps that act to expel Ca
2+
from the cytosol have been linked to these events, with knockouts in the vacuolar members of this family showing hypersensitive lesion-mimic phenotypes. We have therefore explored how the two tonoplast-localized pumps, ACA4 and ACA11, impact flg22-dependent Ca
2+
signaling and related defense responses. The double-knockout
aca4/11
exhibited increased basal Ca
2+
levels and Ca
2+
signals of higher amplitude than wild-type plants. Both the aberrant Ca
2+
dynamics and associated defense-related phenotypes could be suppressed by growing the
aca4/11
seedlings at elevated temperatures. Relocalization of ACA8 from its normal cellular locale of the plasma membrane to the tonoplast also suppressed the
aca4/11
phenotypes but not when a catalytically inactive mutant was used. These observations indicate that regulation of vacuolar Ca
2+
sequestration is an integral component of plant immune signaling, but also that the action of tonoplast-localized Ca
2+
pumps does not require specific regulatory elements not found in plasma membrane-localized pumps.
Yin Yang 1 is a potent activator of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 LTR-driven gene expression via RNA binding
Authors: Wang Gary Z. , Goff Stephen P.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that mainly transforms CD4
+
T cells, ultimately leading to the development of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, both of which have limited treatment options. A deeper understanding of how the virus hijacks host factors for replication is critical for the development of new therapies. In this study, we discovered that a host transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a potent activator of HTLV-1 gene expression. Surprisingly, it does so by binding to viral RNA, instead of the classical DNA–transcription factor interaction. Our results provide insights into host–viral interactions, as well as the biology of cellular transcription factors.
Vps13 is required for the packaging of the ER into autophagosomes during ER-phagy
Authors: Chen Shuliang , Mari Muriel , Parashar Smriti , Liu Dongmei , Cui Yixian , Reggiori Fulvio , Novick Peter J. , Ferro-Novick Susan
Published: July 2020

Significance

Vps13, a conserved phospholipid transporter, localizes to contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and different organelles. While budding yeast has oneVPS13gene, humans have four. The yeast Vps13 protein is most closely related to VPS13A and VPS13C. VPS13A localizes to ER–mitochondria contact sites, while VPS13C resides at ER–late endosome contact sites. Here we report that thevps13Δ mutant is defective in the selective autophagy of ER (ER-phagy). In the absence of Vps13, the ER accumulates at late endosomes and fails to be packaged into autophagosomes. These findings highlight the importance of Vps13 function at late endosomes in ER-phagy, and may have implications for understanding the role of VPS13C, which has been linked to early-onset Parkinson’s disease.
Redistribution of metabolic resources through astrocyte networks mitigates neurodegenerative stress
Authors: Cooper Melissa L. , Pasini Silvia , Lambert Wendi S. , D’Alessandro Karis B. , Yao Vincent , Risner Michael L. , Calkins David J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Astrocytes respond to neuronal energy needs by mobilizing metabolic stores. How these resources are mobilized during neurodegeneration, especially in nearby regions that are not actively degenerating, could impact new therapeutic approaches. We modeled neurodegeneration in glaucoma and measured how metabolites mobilize through astrocyte networks. We elevated pressure in one eye and determined how astrocyte-derived metabolites in the opposite eye and nerve responded. Remarkably, astrocyte networks expand and redistribute metabolites along distances nearly 1 cm in length to donate resources from unstressed to stressed tissue. While resource donation improves axon function and visual acuity, it renders the donating tissue susceptible to further stress, which could help explain why local neurodegeneration eventually impacts healthy regions of the brain.
Clausal ellipsis
Authors: Broekhuis Hans , Bayer Josef
Published: July 2020

This article compares two alternatives to the standard movement-and-deletion approach to clausal ellipsis, which postulates deletion of TP after the remnants of ellipsis are (sometimes exceptionally) A′-moved into the left periphery of the clause. One alternative is thein-situapproach, which denies the involvement of movement in the derivation of clausal ellipsis; it claims that clausal ellipsis can apply toanyrun-of-the-mill syntactic structure and simply deletes the familiar/given information from the propositional domain of the clause. Another alternative is the selective spell-out approach; it denies the involvement of deletion and states that the remnants undergo regular A′-movement into the specifiers of specific semantically relevant functional projections (CP, FocusP, NegP, etc.), which are subsequently selected for spell-out. This article argues that the selective spell-out approach is superior to the two deletion approaches.
Tense and sentential negation
Authors: De Clercq Karen
Published: July 2020

The association between sentential negation and tense has solid foundations in the literature. It has even been argued that sentential negative markers consist of a Tense feature (De Clercq 2018,2020). This paper adduces the first results from a typological study and data from Bambara in support of this claim. In addition, the Bambara data also point to the morphological realisation of present or default tense, to a hierarchy for tense and to a position for sentential negation in that hierarchy.
Person/Number exponents in imperative-enclitic contexts
Authors: Cabré Teresa , Ohannesian Maria
Published: July 2020

The goal of this paper is to analyse the partial or total deletion of the Person/Number exponents in imperative-enclitic contexts in Catalan and Spanish. Both languages lose phonological material in a specific context, but Spanish deletes the right-edge segment from the verb whereas Barcelona Catalan loses the left-edge segment of the clitic. Our aim is to account for the contrasting solutions shown by these two neighbouring languages using the same constraints but ranked differently in the Optimality Theory framework. OT allows us to put together different types of grammatical requirements, including distinctness requirements, particularly a positional OCP constraint on Person/Number features, and faithfulness conditions, specifically the condition related with morpheme realization, all of which interact with alignment and markedness constraints.
Computational quantitative syntax
Authors: Gulordava Kristina , Merlo Paola
Published: July 2020

Accounting for the constraints on the possible word orders of a sentence in a language and across the world languages is a core challenge for syntactic theory. In the spirit of computational quantitative syntax, in this paper we present quantitative evidence about Universal 18. We show that corpus data confirms a dispreference for the word order combination where adjectives precede but numerals follow the nouns (Adj-N and N-Num). We then investigate if this dispreference is better explained as a constraint expressed at the level of the dominant orders or at the level of individual structures. Corpus counts support the latter interpretation. Finally, we propose a formal model of how this bias against Adj-N-Num orders can be integrated in the grammar.
On recomplementation, high adverbs and V-movement in Spanish
Authors: Martínez Vera Gabriel
Published: July 2020

I address the structure of the Spanish left periphery regarding recomplementation, i.e., double-complementizer constructions. I establish a contrast between Latin American Spanish (LAS) and European Spanish (ES): while there is an overt low complementizer que in ES, there is a null low complementizer in LAS – this is a novel empirical observation. The latter is different from the construction where low que is absent in ES: the null low complementizer in LAS patterns with the overt low complementizer in ES with respect to the phenomena discussed in this paper. I further tie this difference to the height of V-movement and adverb placement in LAS and ES. I then propose a phase-based account of the contrast.
Inflected infinitives in Galician
Authors: Sheehan Michelle , Blokzijl Jeffrey , Parafita Couto M. Carmen
Published: July 2020

This study uses an audio-questionnaire, supplemented by spoken corpus data, to probe the acceptability of Galician inflected infinitives in different syntactic contexts. Our results reveal that inflected infinitives in Galician are acceptable in a different range of contexts than in closely related Portuguese, and also in a broader range of contexts than previously reported for this language. Intra-speaker variation appears to correlate most strongly with L1 (Spanish/Galician) and gender, with a trend for men and L1 Spanish speakers to be more accepting of the inflected infinitive.
Prescription Drug Misuse, other Substance Use, and Sexual Identity: The Significance of Educational Status and Psychological Distress in US Young Adults
Authors: Klare Dalton L. , McCabe Sean Esteban , Ford Jason A. , Schepis Ty S.
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim was to examine the effects of sexual identity, educational status, and their interaction on the past-year prevalence of controlled prescription use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) in U.S. young adults, 18–25 years.

Methods

Data were from the 2015–2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (young adult N = 38,298). Past-year prescription opioid, stimulant and benzodiazepine use and PDM were outcomes, with PDM defined as use without a prescription or in ways not intended by the prescriber. Separate regressions by sex evaluated the relationship between prescription medication use or PDM prevalence and sexual identity, educational status/attainment (college student/graduate versus non-college), their interaction and past-year psychological distress.

Results

Sexual identity minority young adults had higher rates of prescription use and PDM than heterosexual young adults. After accounting for educational status, though, bisexual men rarely differed from heterosexual men; after including psychological distress, gay men rarely differed from heterosexual men. Versus heterosexual women, lesbian (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.47–2.30) and bisexual (AOR= 1.78, 95% CI = 1.27–2.50) young adult women had higher rates of prescription opioid misuse, after adjusting for educational status, psychological distress and sociodemographics. Versus heterosexual men, benzodiazepine PDM was elevated in gay men (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI= 1.02–3.58). Educational status was generally associated with lower rates of prescription use and PDM, except for stimulant PDM.

Conclusions

Screening for psychological distress and PDM is needed in sexual identity minority young adults, especially for prescription opioid misuse among sexual identity minority women. Culturally-sensitive intervention should be considered for those with elevated psychological distress or signs of PDM. Further research on the sex differences found in the link between psychological distress and sexual identity minority opioid and stimulant PDM is warranted.
Discovery of extended structures around two evolved planetary nebulae M2–55 and Abell 2
Authors: Hsia Chih-Hao , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xi-Liang , Luo Tao
Published: July 2020

We report a multi-wavelength study of two evolved planetary nebulae (PNs)M2–55 and Abell 2. Deep optical narrow-band images ([O III], Hα, and [N II]) of M2–55 reveal two pairs of bipolar lobes and a new faint arc-like structure. This arc-shaped filament around M2–55 appears as a well-defined boundary from southwest to southeast, strongly suggesting that this nebula is in interaction with its surrounding interstellar medium. From the imaging data of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky survey, we discovered extensive mid-infrared halos around these PNs, which are approximately twice the size of their main nebulae seen in the visible.We also present a mid-resolution optical spectrum of M2–55, which shows that it is a high-excitation evolved PN with a low electron density of 250 cm−3. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of these nebulae from their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) by means of archival data.
The cost of stratospheric aerosol injection through 2100
Authors: Smith Wake
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the estimated direct costs of a stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) program through the end of this century. It displays a range of future solar geoengineering deployment scenarios that are intended to reduce anthropogenically-caused radiative forcing beginning in 2035. The scenarios reviewed herein include three commonly modeled representative concentration pathways (4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) and three possible radiative forcing targets (halving future warming, halting warming, and reversing temperatures to 2020 levels). The program relies on three successive generations of newly designed high-altitude tanker aircraft to deliver aerosols to an altitude of ∼20 km. Sulfates are assumed to be the aerosol used in conjunction with the first generation tanker, supplanted by an as-yet-determined ‘Aerosol 2’ with the later generation aircraft. The aggregate cost over the remainder of the 21st century and the annual cost in 2100 both vary by an order of magnitude between the cheapest and the most expensive scenarios. However, the cost-per-ton of deployed aerosol varies little among scenarios and the cost-per-degree-of-warming-avoided is similarly consistent. Relative to other climate interventions and solutions, SAI remains inexpensive, but at about $18 billion yr−1 per degree Celsius of warming avoided (in 2020 USD), a solar geoengineering program with substantial climate impact would lie well beyond the financial reach of individuals, small states, or other non-state potential rogue actors and would instead be the exclusive domain of large national economies or coalitions including at least one such economy.
An Artificial Channel Purification Experiment for Arsenic-rich Drainage Water from the Abandoned Mine by using Eleocharis acicularis
Authors: Okazaki Kenji , Yamazaki Shusaku , Kurahashi Toshiyuki , Masayuki  , Sakakibara
Published: July 2020

An artificial channel purification experiment for arsenic-rich drainage water was conducted to investigate the feasibility of phytoremediation by using Eleocharis acicularis. In the experiment, 15 m2 of Eleocharis acicularis mats were laid in an artificial channel in two days. Two sessions of artificial flow were implemented by leading 100 L of mine drainage water containing 7.45 mg/L of arsenic into the channel each time. The arsenic concentration in the Eleocharis acicularis was measured using samples collected at 0 m, 25 m, and 50 m along the channel. As a result of experiments, the arsenic concentrations of the outflow for the two sessions were 1.62 mg/L and 3.12 mg/L. This shows that the arsenic concentration decreased during two sessions, whose flow totalled 200 L. The initial concentration of arsenic in Eleocharis acicularis was 0.18 mg/kg at 0 m point, 0.06 mg/kg at 25 m point and 0.11 mg/kg at 50 m point. After two inflows, the arsenic concentration of Eleocharis acicularis increased from 88.5 mg/kg to 105.0 mg/kg at 0 m, from 29.6 mg/kg to 52.8 mg/kg at 25 m, from 7.2 mg/kg to 37.8 mg/kg at 50 m, respectively, indicating that Eleocharis acicularis absorbs arsenic. This paper describes the results of an artificial channel experiment in which water containing arsenic was purified by using Eleocharis acicularis.
Preliminary Study of Atmospheric Mercury Contamination Assessment Using Tree Bark in an ASGM Area in North Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetia Hendra , Sakakibara Masayuki , Sera Koichiro
Published: July 2020

Mercury (Hg) atmospheric contamination have been analysed using several indicators. In this study, the tree bark was used to indicate Hg contamination of the atmosphere in ASGM area. This study aimed to determine the potential species to assess Hg atmospheric contamination by using tree bark. The Hg concentration was determined in the tree bark from various tree species. The tree bark was collected at Diameter Breast Height (DBH) which is about 130 cm. The fine powder of tree bark was analysed by PIXE to detect Hg concentration. The results show thatMangifera indica, Lansiumdomesticum, Syzygium aromaticumandArtocarpus heterophyllusspecies accumulate Hg concentration about 4.90 to 10.3, ND to 1.10, ND to 4.42 and 2.43 mg/kg-DW, respectively. This suggests thatM. indica, L. domesticum, S. aromaticum,andA. heterophyllusshow high toxic of Hg contamination in the tree bark compared to tolerable toxic level in the plant.This study indicates that the surface condition of tree bark probably effects on the detection of Hg contamination in each tree species. The tree plant, especially tree bark, is a good candidate to assess Hg atmospheric contamination.
Preliminary Study on Human Lung Function of Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Miner in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Manovita Pateda Sri , Sakakibara Masayuki
Published: July 2020

Effects of mercury from ASGM in humans have been reported in various studies. The effect depends on the dose, the form of mercury, and a way of entering the body. The human body with all its perfection has a remarkable system of defense against external negative effects including toxic effects of mercury. One of the leading defense systems of the human body is the respiratory system, because it is an organ connected directly to the outside environment. Early detection is very necessary to prevent the incidence of more severe, then the initial lung examination is needed and important. For that, there needs to be an examination of the lungs that can be used to find early lung disorders, namely the spirometry test. During this time in each study was only performed blood tests, urine and hair to assess the levels of mercury, but the disease-based examination is limited to only a neuropsychological examination. Spirometry is useful and basic in the diagnosis of lung diseases. In addition to assessing respiratory function primarily assessing breathing pattern, such as pulmonary fibrosis or asthma, it is also very helpful in health surveillance. In the preliminary survey, 4 samples were taken consisting of 2 miner samples and 2 samples non-miners (control). These 4 sample have the same age range, with the same smoking status. The spirometry test result shows that all miner had lung disorders and control samples had normal results. The conclusions from this survey are: (1) Mercury pollution must be a serious attention for all of us; (2) all miners tend to be exposed to evaporated mercury; (3) Spirometry tests can be one of the health examinations for early detection of lung disease.
Application of life cycle cost in the construction of soil retaining wall replacing soldier pile with diaphragm wall (case studi of Pejaten Apartment Projects)
Authors: Monalisa L , Makarim C A
Published: July 2020

In order to obtain efficient design, stable and optimal with a good characteristic of quality, one of the techniques that can be convinced is called life cycle cost. Life cycle cost is a process of determining the amount of costs related to an asset, including initial costs, maintanance costs, and repair costs. It was found that both relationships were significant and positive. The purpose of life cycle cost is to get the saving cost and time efficiency, which does not rule out its function and quality. In this life cycle cost analysis, the diaphragm wall is selected to replace the soldier pile. The cost savings obtained are 23% of the initial cost of the soldier pile’s retaining wall work. The process of diaphragm wall is a lot faster 2-3 times than the work of soldier pile retaining wall. Based on the results of the initial costs and maintanance costs, it can be interpreted that the method of diaphragm wall can allow much greater savings than using the soldier pile retaining wall method.
Curve Number Method to Determine the Runoff Height in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed
Authors: Ariyani Dwi , Aprilia Vera , Tri Juniati Atie , Prautama Dewi Atri , Kurnia Fadli
Published: July 2020

Run off is one of the most important hydrological variables in supporting water resources development planning and activities. To predict the amount of runoff can be done in various ways one of them with the SCS-CN method. The SCS method was developed from years of rainfall observation and involved many agricultural areas in the United States. This method seeks to link watershed characteristics such as soil, vegetation, and land use with a runoff curve number which indicates the potential runoff water for a particular rainfall. The location of this research is Garut Regency, upstream of the Cimanuk river, which often floods every year due to overflowing of the Cimanuk River. Data used to determine CN values and runoff height are Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, soil, and rainfall data for the last 10 years, from 2009 to 2018, then the maps are processed using the Arc-Map program. From the analysis it can be seen that the CN value is 66.54%, and the runoff height is 1.17 cm with a 2 year return period, and 2.84 cm at 25 return period. Based on the CN value, it is known that the type of soil in the upstream Cimanuk watershed has a small infiltration rate and has bad properties in infiltrating water, so that it can cause run off for a long time, because the smaller CN value on a land use, so soil’s retention ability is greater and the less chance of runoff. The results of this study can be used for planning flood control buildings in the upper Cimanuk watershed.
Calibration and Validation Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997 Model
Authors: Yulianto Budi , Setiono  , Dewayani Putri Rizki , Tia Pratisca Stevani , Fernando Hartono Felix
Published: July 2020

Population growth and uncontrolled use of vehicles result in changes in traffic behaviours. This has an impact on the validity of the IHCM 1997 model results when replicating traffic in the real conditions. This study aims to carry out calibration and validation IHCM 1997 signalised intersection model. Case studies are conducted at eleven signalized intersection locations in the Surakarta city. The results of study show that the IHCM 1997 method default values are not relevant to the current conditions. The traffic parameters that need to be changed in the IHCM 1997 model are passenger car equivalent (PCE) and base saturation flow (S0).
Development of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Areas in Improving Public Transport Services and Traffic Engineering in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Baidowi  , Enriko  , Pius  , Yanti
Published: July 2020

Transit Oriented Development, hereinafter referred to as TOD, is a concept of regional development based and centered on a mass public transit station, which accommodates new growth into a mixed area with an area of 350 m to 700 m from the center of the area that is integrated with the area around it through the use of ground surface space, elevated space and underground. In the existing conditions in the field and the lack of availability of public transport services to the public there are still lacks of lack of attention from transportation providers, one of which is the interconnection and integration of public transport, where the facilities and infrastructure for moving public transportation are inadequate at the beginning and end of a trip (first mile and last mile). smooth traffic is needed to meet the target of public transport services. Planning and re-evaluating traffic networks and implementing transportation policies that can support the use of public transportation. The need for integration of public transportation in order to reduce travel time, as well as to improve the standard of living of the people, then based on these considerations, the Development of DKI Jakarta TOD needs to be done as an effort to realize healthy transportation.
Cost Performance Study on EPC Projects in Banten Province (Case Study: Substation and Transmission lines 150 kV EPC Project)
Authors: Deni Rahmat Arif , Simanjuntak Manlian Ronald A.
Published: July 2020

Engineering. Procurement. and Construction projects (EPC) were involved with many people and used a lot of resources faced a lot of uncertaintly and risk which were happened would be impact the performance of the project.

Cost is a resource that plays an important role in supporting a project construction. Cost planning can be done through a costs scheduling in order to obtain the required amount of cost based on the time of project implementation. This study aims to assess the cost performance of the Substation and Transmission lines 150 kV EPC project in Banten Province. The study methodology includes identifying cost performance indicators derived from various issues by means of literature studies and portrait studies of substation and transmission lines 150 kV EPC projects in Banten Province. This research is expected to be able to provide a picture of the cost performance that is part of the Management Cost and Control System (MCCS) both in the planning process and during implementation. In the end, this study is expected to be able to provide positive recommendations for the contractor to produce the project with the best project funding. The impact of this study, will also provide a positive thing for the smooth running of the EPC Project, especially the construction of the Substation and Transmission lines 150 kV.
Performance evaluation, violations and driver’s perception of the Yellow Box Junction in the city of Surabaya (Case study of the junction of Jl. Ir. Sukarno - Jl. Dharmahusada and the junction of Jl. Kutai - Jl. Adityawarman)
Authors: Putranto Leksmono Suryo , Rooswan Happmono RPX
Published: July 2020

As part of traffic management, Yellow Box Junction must be optimized because this marking must take precedence over APILL in traffic congestion at the intersection. The crossing performance with YBJ does have a high degree of saturation, especially from the north at Jl. Ir Sukarno - Jl. Dharmawangsa and from the west at the junction of Jl. Adityawarman - Jl. Kutai Violations against YBJ were dominated by motorbikes (90%) in terms of forcing them to enter YBJ when there were still vehicles from other approaches namely 399 vehicles/hour. Most motorists have seen the yellow square markings at the YBJ junction (75% LV, 67% MC), few know that the mark is YBJ (44% LV, 28% MC) and most respondents do not know the meaning and function that YBJ can decipher traffic jam at the intersection. Only a few respondents have ever listened to or seen a socialization about YBJ, so it is necessary to find an appropriate formula for socialization to road users.
Implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Concept To Increase Public Transportation User in the city of Jakarta
Authors: Baidowi  , Najid
Published: July 2020

Transit Oriented Development, hereinafter referred to as TOD, is a concept of regional development based and centered on a mass public transit station, which accommodates new growth into a mixed area with an area of 350 m to 700 m from the center of the area that is integrated with the area around it through the use of ground surface space, elevated space and underground. In the existing conditions in the field and the lack of availability of public transport services to the public there are still lacks of lack of attention from transportation providers, one of which is the interconnection and integration of public transport, where the facilities and infrastructure for moving public transportation are inadequate at the beginning and end of a trip (first mile and last mile). smooth traffic is needed to meet the target of public transport services. Planning and reevaluating traffic networks and implementing transportation policies that can support the use of public transportation. The need for integration of public transportation in order to reduce travel time, as well as to improve the standard of living of the people, then based on these considerations, the Development of DKI Jakarta TOD needs to be done as an effort to realize healthy transportation.
Kapuas River sediment settling velocity analysis with withdrawal tube
Authors: Pranoto W A , Johan J , Vinsensisus P
Published: July 2020

Kapuas River is a river with a high level of sedimentation. In the process of sedimentation, one of the factors that determines the sedimentation time is the sediment settling velocity. Estimation of effective sediment deposition time could be calculated by collecting the sediment settling velocity data. A thorough laboratory research is needed to determine the value of sediment settling velocity. The analysis from the field and laboratory research showed that sediment settling velocity is related to salinity, sediment concentration, water depth, and flow velocity. This study focuses on the relationship between sediment concentration and sediment settling velocity. Laboratory research was conducted using variations of sediment concentration. The research showed that maximum sediment settling velocity with the value of 0.4133 mm/s is obtained from concentration sediment of 9380.75 ppm. Moreover, the sedimentation process will be formed faster as the sediment settling velocity increases.
Concrete Structure Condition Rating in Buildings with Non-Destructive Testing
Authors: Wiyanto Henny , Chang Joshua , Dennis Yohanes
Published: July 2020

Concrete damage on building is translated as a condition change from concrete quality. The damage that is referred to can be in the form of physical change or concrete quality downgrade on a building. This change can be caused by several reasons, such as implementation error, building overload, building function change, inadequate building maintenance, natural condition, and natural disaster. Concrete damage condition on buildings can be identified by performing a condition rating assessment. Condition rating assessment Is determined based on non-destructive examination. Assessment analysis results show the concrete structure condition and the action that must be done.
Analysis of online-taxi service quality and passenger satisfaction
Authors: Sitinjak T A , Djakfar L , Wicaksono A
Published: July 2020

The study aims are to analyze the performance of Online-taxi focusing on the minimum service standard aspect and to define the model of online-taxi service quality performance and passenger satisfaction relationship. A research approach is a quantitative approach with Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to understand the user perception on the performance of online-taxi and Linear Regression Analysis was used to analyze the model of online-taxi service quality and passenger satisfaction relationship online-taxi (GRAB-CAR and GO-CAR) in Surabaya city, Indonesia. The number of respondents for this study is 200, there are 23 items of Online-taxi service quality and five service quality dimensions. Concluded from Importance Performance Analysis the result shows that driver identity that installed at the car dashboard same as a mobile app and the facility for disabled, elderly, pregnant women or baby chair are the items that need to improve. Linear regression found that tangible is the most positive and significant dimension influencing the online-taxi passenger satisfaction.
Tool characteristics for better performance in machining ohns steel using coated tungsten carbide tool inserts
Authors: Shivakumara C. M , Srikantappa A. S , Adaveesha B
Published: July 2020

Turning Process is a significant machining process in which TiAlN covered tipped cutting tool inserts additions expel material from the outside of a pivoting round and hollow work piece. Machining of Oil Hardened Non Shrinking (OHNS) Steel is a challenge for production engineers in tool industry. In this examination paper, an investigation on turning OHNS Steel utilizing tungsten carbide instrument additions is made by shifting profundity of cut, feed rate and cutting rate each in turn and keeping other two consistent. The effect on process parameters like surface finish, material removal rate, tool wear, cutting force, thrust force and temperature distribution on tool tip are discussed.
Slicing Methodology of A CAD File for 3D Printing
Authors: Marbun Frince , Napitupulu Richard A.M. , Manurung Charles SP , Simanjuntak Sutan , Kao Yung-Chou
Published: July 2020

Additive Manufacturing is the formalized term for what used to be called rapid prototyping and what is popularly called 3D Printing by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal,.etc. Stereolithography(STL) is the standard file type used by most additive manufacturing processes. This is the file type whichwill be saved from the 3D design software package, etc.solidwork.Most commonly the slicer and the client software are combined, making the conversion from STL file3D Print straight forward and simple. Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it must first be examined forthe errors. The errors are surfaces or facets don’t meet and facets that are too thin. Software programs such as Meshmixer, Cura and Slic3r are examples, which will correct these issues.