bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El papel de los niños en la obtención, elaboración, circulación y consumo de alimentos en comunidades Mbya (Argentina)
Authors: Remorini Carolina
Published: October 2019

Los saberes y prácticas alimentarias Mbya-Guarani han sido abordados principalmente priorizando los aspectos simbólicos ligados a la salud, bienestar y alcance de la perfección espiritual. La fuente principal de estos estudios fueron discursos de líderes espirituales. Así, prevalece una visión normativa sobre la “alimentación tradicional” que prioriza “la palabra” de adultos y ancianos, invisibilizando las perspectivas y prácticas de otros actores, incluidos los niños. En este trabajo caracterizamos prácticas alimentarias infantiles en el marco de las actividades cotidianas en el ámbito doméstico. Nos enfocamos en los procesos de obtención, elaboración, circulación y consumo de alimentos realizados por niños, a los que consideramos como actores sociales plenos. A partir de ello, examinamos la contribución de los niños a la reproducción e innovación del patrimonio alimentario Mbya.
L’art de l’artichaut et autres rituels: transmission de pratiques sociales et alimentaires dans les diners familiaux parisiens
Authors: Morgenstern Aliyah , Debras Camille , Beaupoil-Hourdel Pauline , Mené Marine Le , Caët Stéphanie , Kremer-Sadlik Tami
Published: October 2019

Dans cette étude, le dîner familial est envisagé comme le cadre privilégié de la transmission de pratiques sociales et alimentaires de parents à enfants. En France, en particulier, il s’agit d’un espace d’appropriation de valeurs matérielles et immatérielles par les enfants (Fischler & Masson, 2008). De par sa durée et sa nature commensale, le dîner s’organise en étapes distinctes (entrée, plat, fromage, fruit ou dessert) auxquelles l’ensemble de la tablée participe de manière synchrone. Si l’entrée, première de ces étapes, et « entrée » dans le repas, permet l’ajustement des rythmes, elle est aussi l’occasion de pratiques alimentaires variées autour de la consommation de légumes. Après l’exposé de notre cadre d’analyse et la présentation de notre corpus, nous analysons, à l’appui de l’étude détaillée d’extraits choisis, les phénomènes de ritualisation et de régulation qui structurent la transmission et l’appropriation de pratiques alimentaires spécialisées par les enfants.
L’ambivalence du bonbon dans les interactions entre préadolescents au collège (France)
Authors: Maurice Aurélie
Published: October 2019

Les bonbons sont des aliments traditionnellement associés à l’enfance et à la fête. Qu’en font les préadolescents au collège ? Une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans deux classes de 5ème de collèges contrastés a permis d’observer l’instrumentalisation de ce qui pourrait être considéré comme un élément du patrimoine alimentaire enfantin par les préadolescents. La symbolique du bonbon est en grande partie alimentée par les pratiques adultes et par les médias. Les préadolescents se la réapproprient pour permettre leur intégration au groupe de pairs dans la classe. Le bonbon est un objet de transgression lorsqu’il est mangé en classe, il permet alors de gagner en prestige. Il peut également être un vecteur de domination de certains élèves sur d’autres quand ces derniers se font dépouiller de leurs bonbons. L’ambivalence du bonbon comme aliment renforçant des liens amicaux ou au service d’enjeux de pouvoir permet de comprendre en quoi cet élément du patrimoine alimentaire enfantin est un outil permettant aux préadolescents de trouver leur place au sein du groupe.
Concentration des terres agricoles sud-africaines
Authors: Andrew Nancy
Published: October 2019

L’expansion importante de la production de faune sauvage a modifié considérablement le paysage spatial et social du Cap Oriental à travers la fusion d’exploitations commerciales, en remplaçant bon nombre de ses activités agricoles et en déracinant la plupart des familles noires qui y travaillaient et résidaient. Cet article explore l’exemple des réserves privées de luxe commercialisées comme des espaces ‘naturels’, sans la moindre trace humaine, aux touristes étrangers aisés séduits par les descriptifs de ‘l’expérience de la brousse africaine’ dans des logements 4- ou 5-étoiles. Il analyse ce changement important de l’usage des terres par le biais des rapports fonciers et de travail - historiquement et actuellement -- les conditions de vie, les conséquences alimentaires, ainsi que les perspectives actuelles des familles suite à leur déplacement en raison de cette forme de tourisme de luxe international. Celui-ci s’est développé dans le contexte de la concentration foncière accrue à travers l’Afrique du Sud postapartheid, favorisée par l’environnement néolibéral, la mondialisation et l’échec de 20 ans de réforme agro-foncière.
Sensory science, the food industry, and the objectification of taste
Authors: Lahne Jacob
Published: October 2019

Dans cet article je propose d’examiner pourquoi l’analyse sensorielle – discipline appartenant au champ des sciences de l’alimentation et qui “consiste en un ensemble de techniques permettant de mesurer précisément les réactions humaines vis à vis des aliments” –rencontre des difficultés à évaluer les propriétés sensorielles des aliments issus d’une production “artisanale”. En tant que spécialiste de l’analyse sensorielle, je me préoccupe de cette limite de la discipline qui empêche de prendre en compte des categories entières d’aliments et d’expériences de consommateurs. J’entends démontrer que les relations historiques entre l’analyse sensorielle et l’industrie alimentaire ont conduit à asseoir certaines hypothèses qui ne peuvent s’appliquer en-dehors d’une production industrielle, et qui par conséquent nuisent à l’évaluation d’aliments issus d’une production artisanale. Je commence par tracer les grandes lignes de ces liens historiques, puis j’expose les hypotheses qui, à mon sens, posent problème, pour finir par démontrer – en me basant sur mes propres recherches - la nécessité de developer des methodologies sensorielles qui puissant être appliquées largement aux aliments, quel que soit leur mode de production.
Aide alimentaire et accès à l’alimentation au tamis de l’expérimentation sociale
Authors: Paturel Dominique
Published: October 2019

Il n’est pas possible de comprendre la situation du financement de la recherche aujourd’hui sans la replacer dans les changements institutionnels et politiques de celle-ci depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale. Les choix politiques des années 2000 de modernisation de l’état, liés à la fois à la crise et à l’importation du new management public, vont chercher à mettre en rapport le coût et l’efficacité de la recherche. Pour autant, si la recherche par projet fragilise les postures de recherche, elle peut, par certains côtés et de façon paradoxale, favoriser l’émergence de projets. Nous proposons, à partir d’un regard diachronique sur l’évolution de la gestion de la recherche publique française, de comprendre l’influence du mode de financement sur la mise en œuvre et la construction de nouvelles questions de recherche, à travers le récit de deux dispositifs sur l’accès à l’alimentation des personnes en situation de pauvreté. Cet article se situe sur les dimensions institutionnelles et leurs conséquences organisationnelles et non sur les dimensions d’interactions entre les individus.
Manger après le diagnostic d’un cancer
Authors: Fontas Marine
Published: October 2019

Le diagnostic d’un cancer et le suivi des traitements anticancéreux engendrent des perturbations alimentaires, directement associées au pronostic vital et à la qualité de vie des malades. Ces perturbations réorganisent le rapport à l’alimentation des personnes atteintes. À partir d’une étude longitudinale réalisée en France entre 2011 et 2013 auprès de malades atteints d’un cancer bronchique et traités par chimiothérapie, cet article rend compte de stratégies d’adaptations alimentaires d’ordres organisationnel, nutritionnel et sensoriel mises en place par les malades et leurs proches. Ces stratégies se façonnent à l’intersection d’un contexte informationnel et d’un vécu alimentaire caractérisé par des volontés de changements et des dépendances aux effets indésirables des traitements anticancéreux.
Nordic Cuisine but National Identities
Authors: Neuman Nicklas , Leer Jonatan
Published: October 2019

This article is a cross-national comparison of how food is promoted on tourism websites offering information about Denmark and Sweden – two countries with big national projects targeting the promotion of culinary excellence, following the initiation of “New Nordic Cuisine” (NNC) in 2004. The aim is to study similarities and differences in the projects of these two countries, both quantitatively and qualitatively. 21 out of 33 (approx. 64%) Danish texts referred to a shared Nordic culinary identity, whereas this was only the case in five out of 51 (approx. 10%) of the Swedish texts. Moreover, the qualitative analysis also revealed that “Nordic” cuisine was almost interchangeably connected to Danish cuisine, while in Sweden NNC was more peripheral and culinary excellence was construed as specifically Swedish. We thus criticise the generally accepted idea that NNC is a post-national food movement, seeing it instead as a means to achieve different gastronationalist ends for these two Nordic countries.
La consommation du vin de palme au Cameroun
Authors: Elom Paul Ulrich Otye
Published: October 2019

Au Cameroun, la consommation des boissons alcoolisées est une réalité alimentaire observable de visu par le premier étranger. S’il est vrai que dans les zones urbaines ce sont les produits manufacturés qui sont les plus prisés, les produits traditionnels sont également appréciés par les populations. Aussi, trouve-t-on en ville des débits de boissons vendant des produits comme l’odontol, spiritueux fait à partir d’une distillation du vin de palme, le bil-bil, bière de maïs, spécialité des populations du Grand-Nord du Cameroun ou encore le matango, nom local donné au vin de palme et sur lequel se portera particulièrement notre intérêt. En contexte d’urbanité, la plupart des consommateurs de ce breuvage sont d’avis qu’il est d’une qualité bien moindre que celui qui est préparé dans les zones rurales, d’où un tourisme gastronomique lié à la dégustation de cette boisson. Le présent article s’emploiera à mettre en lumière les endo-sens expliquant le tourisme alimentaire lié à la consommation du vin de palme en contexte camerounais.
Les solidarités professionnelles des bouchers toulousains au prisme des enregistrements de maîtrises (1465-1510)
Authors: Stunault Clémentine
Published: October 2019

Les archives municipales de Toulouse conservent deux registres de réceptions de maîtrises pour la fin du Moyen Âge, couvrant les périodes comprises entre 1465 et 1485 puis entre 1495 et 1510. Ils recensent chaque année les nouveaux maîtres ayant prêté serment à leur entrée en fonction, en présence d’au moins deux témoins et d’une ou plusieurs cautions. Ces sources n’ont guère été étudiées, alors qu’elles offrent un témoignage précieux sur les relations professionnelles développées par les membres des corporations toulousaines. Dans le secteur de l’alimentation, les bouchers sont l’une des cinq organisations de métiers qui font ainsi enregistrer leurs nouveaux maîtres, avec les chandeliers-huiliers, les boulangers, les fourniers et les pâtissiers. Par comparaison, les réseaux dans lesquels les bouchers s’inscrivent témoignent d’une plus grande fermeture du métier et de la concentration de ses membres au sein de certains quartiers.
L’abattage à la ferme en Wallonie
Authors: Tadli Dounia
Published: October 2019

Alors que la création des abattoirs a engendré une centralisation et une mise à distance de la mort des animaux d’élevage, des méthodes d’abattage dites « de proximité » fleurissent en Europe. La réflexion est récente en Wallonie, où l’association Nature & Progrès a présenté deux pratiques – le tir au pré et le camion d’abattage mobile – lors de réunions entre citoyens et éleveurs. L’intérêt effectif pour ces méthodes, émancipées des structures classiques, sous-tend un questionnement du rapport aux animaux d’élevage. À partir de données empiriques recueillies lors des réunions et d’entretiens, la présente contribution vise à proposer une analyse symbolique de l’intérêt des éleveurs pour des pratiques novatrices en matière d’abattage.
Les boucheries de village du XIXe siècle sous le regard naissant de l’archéologie
Authors: Frère Stéphane , Dufour Jean-Yves , Bach Marie-Anne
Published: October 2019

Les sources et les études historiques relatives aux boucheries sont nombreuses, mais concernent avant tout les établissements urbains. Qu'en est-il de leur forme dans les campagnes et de leur perception par les archéologues ? L'étude de cinq boucheries villageoises franciliennes contemporaines, selon des résolutions allant de l’observation de structures en élévation à la fouille exhaustive et l'étude du mobilier associé, en passant par les études d'archives, met en évidence la fugacité des indices et la difficulté d'identification de ces établissements. L'étude des dépôts d'ossements animaux, à travers l'exemple de Roissy-en-France permet, pour partie, de combler ces lacunes documentaires et de proposer des grilles d'identification de l'activité de boucherie.
Capability Based Outsourced Data Access Control with Assured File Deletion and Efficient Revocation with Trust Factor in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaushik Shweta , Gandhi Charu
Published: October 2019

Cloud computing has introduced a paradigm which support data outsourcing to third parties for processing using commodity clusters. It allows the owner to outsource sensitive data and share it with the authorized user while reducing the computation and management cost. Since owners store sensitive data over the cloud, the requirements of access control and data security have also been increasing. To alleviate all the problem requirements, the need has arisen for providing a safe, secure, and sound model. The existing solutions for these problems use pure cryptographic techniques, which increases the computation cost. In this article, the security problems are solved by using a trusted third party and a quorum of key managers. A service provider is responsible for capability-based access control to ensure that only authorized users will be able to access the data. Whenever any data revocation is required, the data owner simply updates this information to the master key manager to revoke a specific number of shares. The model for the proposed work has been presented and its analysis shows how it introduces security features.
The Internet of Things: Challenges and Considerations for Cybercrime Investigations and Digital Forensics
Authors: MacDermott Áine , Baker Thar , Buck Paul , Iqbal Farkhund , Shi Qi
Published: October 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the seamless merging of the real and digital world, with new devices created that store and pass around data. Processing large quantities of IoT data will proportionately increase workloads of data centres, leaving providers with new security, capacity, and analytics challenges. Handling this data conveniently is a critical challenge, as the overall application performance is highly dependent on the properties of the data management service. This article explores the challenges posed by cybercrime investigations and digital forensics concerning the shifting landscape of crime – the IoT and the evident investigative complexity – moving to the Internet of Anything (IoA)/Internet of Everything (IoE) era. IoT forensics requires a multi-faceted approach where evidence may be collected from a variety of sources such as sensor devices, communication devices, fridges, cars and drones, to smart swarms and intelligent buildings.
A Novel Video Forgery Detection Model Based on Triangular Polarity Feature Classification
Authors: Huang Chee Cheun , Lee Chien Eao , Thing Vrizlynn L. L.
Published: October 2019

Video forgery has been increasing over the years due to the wide accessibility of sophisticated video editing software. A highly accurate and automated video forgery detection system will therefore be vitally important in ensuring the authenticity of forensic video evidences. This article proposes a novel Triangular Polarity Feature Classification (TPFC) video forgery detection framework for video frame insertion and deletion forgeries. The TPFC framework has high precision and recall rates with a simple and threshold-less algorithm designed for real-world applications. System robustness evaluations based on cross validation and different database recording conditions were also performed and validated. Evaluation on the performance of the TPFC framework demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework by achieving a recall rate of up to 98.26% and precision rate of up to 95.76%, as well as high localization accuracy on detected forged videos. The TPFC framework is further demonstrated to be capable of outperforming other modern video forgery detection techniques available today.
Towards a Better Understanding of Drone Forensics
Authors: Bouafif Hana , Kamoun Faouzi , Iqbal Farkhund
Published: October 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) have gained increased popularity as their innovative uses continue to expand across various fields. Despite their numerous beneficial uses, drones have unfortunately been misused, through many reported cases, to launch illegal and sometimes criminal activities that pose direct threats to individuals, organizations, public safety and national security. These threats have recently led law enforcement agencies and digital forensic investigators to pay special attention to the forensic aspects of drones. This important research topic, however, remains underexplored. This study aims to further explore drone forensics in terms of challenges, forensic investigation procedures and experimental results through a forensic investigation study performed on a Parrot AR drone 2.0. In this study, the authors present new insights on drone forensics in terms of forensic approaches, access to drone's digital containers and the retrieval of key information that can assist digital forensic investigators establish ownership, recuperate flight data and gain access to media files.
Is Group-Awareness Context-Awareness?
Authors: Pinheiro Manuele Kirsch , Souveyet Carine
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the interest of emerging a unified view for group awareness and context information on groupware and context-aware systems. Group awareness corresponds to an important concept on Groupware applications, allowing individual users to be kept aware of group's activities and status. Context is defined by ubiquitous computing as any relevant information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. We assume that group awareness information should be considered as context information and handled as such. Group awareness information is often employed for decision making, contributing to users' activities and decisions, but it gives also an important clue about user's context, characterizing individual's actions regarding the group. As such, group awareness may be used for adaptation purposes, adapting the system behavior, the supplied content or its services. Besides, architectural concerns adopted on context-aware system should also be considered when developing new groupware applications that are more and more designed as context-aware systems.
A Systematic Review on Mobile Technology-Assisted English Learning
Authors: Yu Zhonggen
Published: October 2019

Mobile English language learning has drawn global attention. This study systematically examined the literature in the recent eleven years. It visualized the general trend of the number of related publications in a decade; discussed the attitudes of teachers and learners toward mobile device assisted English learning; explored the effect of motivation on mobile device assisted English learning, discussed the influence of mobile device assisted English learning on output and input English language skills; presented the influence of mobile device assisted English learning on vocabulary knowledge acquisition; demonstrated the factors influencing the effectiveness of mobile English language learning, showed the general learning outcomes in mobile device assisted English learning; together with the disadvantages of mobile technology-assisted English learning and co-citations of publications. When designing mobile devices, designers could include and optimize learning functions based on the findings.
A Synchronized Test Control Execution Model of Distributed Systems
Authors: Azzouzi Salma , Hsaini Sara , Charaf My El Hassan
Published: October 2019

Conformance testing may be seen as mean to execute an IUT (implementation under test) by carrying out test cases in order to observe whether the behavior of the IUT is conforming to its specifications. However, the development of distributed testing frameworks is more complex and the implementation of the parallel testing components (PTCs) should take into consideration the mechanisms and functions required to support interaction during PTC communication. In this article, the authors present another way to control the test execution of PTCs by introducing synchronization messages into the local test sequences. Then, they suggest an agent-based simulation to implement synchronized local test sequences and resolve the problem of control and synchronization.
Auto-Scaling Provision Basing on Workload Prediction in the Virtualized Data Center
Authors: Feng Danqing , Wu Zhibo , Zuo Decheng , Zhang Zhan
Published: October 2019

With the development in the Cloud datacenters, the purpose of the efficient resource allocation is to meet the demand of the users instantly with the minimum rent cost. Thus, the elastic resource allocation strategy is usually combined with the prediction technology. This article proposes a novel predict method combination forecast technique, including both exponential smoothing (ES) and auto-regressive and polynomial fitting (PF) model. The aim of combination prediction is to achieve an efficient forecast technique according to the periodic and random feature of the workload and meet the application service level agreement (SLA) with the minimum cost. Moreover, the ES prediction with PSO algorithm gives a fine-grained scaling up and down the resources combining the heuristic algorithm in the future. APWP would solve the periodical or hybrid fluctuation of the workload in the cloud data centers. Finally, experiments improve that the combined prediction model meets the SLA with the better precision accuracy with the minimum renting cost.
Anti-Predatory NIA for Unconstrained Mathematical Optimization Problems
Authors: Sachan Rohit Kumar , Kushwaha Dharmender Singh
Published: October 2019

Nature-Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) are one of the most efficient methods to solve the optimization problems. A recently proposed NIA is the anti-predatory NIA, which is based on the anti-predatory behavior of frogs. This algorithm uses five different types of self-defense mechanisms in order to improve its anti-predatory strength. This paper demonstrates the computation steps of anti-predatory for solving the Rastrigin function and attempts to solve 20 unconstrained minimization problems using anti-predatory NIA. The performance of anti-predatory NIA is compared with the six competing meta-heuristic algorithms. A comparative study reveals that the anti-predatory NIA is a more promising than the other algorithms. To quantify the performance comparison between the algorithms, Friedman rank test and Holm-Sidak test are used as statistical analysis methods. Anti-predatory NIA ranks first in both cases of “Mean Result” and “Standard Deviation.” Result measures the robustness and correctness of the anti-predatory NIA. This signifies the worth of anti-predatory NIA in the domain of mathematical optimization.
Applying Interval Fuzzy Petri Net to Failure Analysis
Authors: Lajmi Fatma  , Ghabi Jalel , Dhouibi Hedi
Published: October 2019

In this article, the authors propose a new approach for modelling and failure analysis by combining the graphical representation provided by Petri nets and fuzzy logic. The graphical method is used for describing the relationship between conditions and events. The use of Petri nets in failure analysis enables replacing logic gate functions in fault trees. The Fuzzy logic technique allows natural language descriptions of process entities as well as an if-then rule-based definition of production. In addition, this study devises an alternative, a trapezoidal graph method in order to account for failure scenarios. Examples validating this novel method in dealing with failure analysis are also provided.
Economic Decision-Making in Private Corporations Versus Public Sector
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: October 2019

This research takes a comparative analysis approach to study the process of economic decision-making within the private sector and the public sector. There are four main research objectives that guided this article. First, it aims to identify the different kinds of decision-making methods. Second, this article analyzes the economic decision-making processes that stakeholders have to make in public and private firms. Third, this r seeks to illustrate that establish effective decision-making and financial performance relate. Lastly, the article will offer effective economic decision-making procedures in private and public organizations, so as to make recommendations and to guide these businesses. To do so, there is a literature review in this research to find the best economic decision-making processes. Data collection tools were created in reference to the literature review that directed the structuring of the variables, and the study based the quantitative analysis on the adopted descriptive methodology. The sample was comprised of 100 respondents from China, and since 95% responded, that was a total of 95 responses. Based on the formulated study hypothesis and the research objectives, the collected data was examined for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. In general, the findings showed that cost-benefit analysis was the favored economic evaluation method, and the respondents specified that they their internal and external economic decisions directly influence the company's operations. When focusing on how organizational performance is affected by effective economic decisions, the findings established that there was a key component for a better economic analysis outcome in the public and private firms: accounting information. Additionally, evaluating the number of processes in public and private firms led to findings that revealed the following: every decision in the public sector requires many approvals. These approvals greatly hinder economic decisions and decision-making. Social, cultural, and environmental aspects influence the decision process significantly, so they must be addressed immediately.
Agile Innovation
Authors: Lichtenthaler Ulrich
Published: October 2019

In light of digital transformation and a stronger application of artificial intelligence, many firms try to increase the agility of their innovation processes. In this regard, they particularly rely on design thinking or on the lean startup approach to reduce some of the deficits of established innovation processes, such as the stage-gate model. This conceptual article shows that merely focusing on design thinking and lean startup in isolation will not enable companies to fully leverage the benefits of agile innovation. Because of the complementarity of design thinking and lean startup, executives should simultaneously pursue these approaches in order to achieve results that are more than the sum of isolated design thinking or isolated lean startup initiatives. This complementarity derives from the specific benefits of design thinking in the front end of the innovation process combined with the particular benefits of lean startup in the back end.
Information Source Before Travelling and Choice of Traveling Mode
Authors: Bilal Ahmad Ali Al-khateeb  , Asef Mohammad Ali Al-khateeb
Published: October 2019

The ability to attract tourists is crucial for the success of tourism firms in Malaysia. This has therefore raised a major concern on which information sources tourists use when making choices on their traveling mode as well as the destination. It is on this basis that tourism operators; tourism providers and managers of tourist destinations are particularly concerned with which information source or media to use to attract tourists to tourism destinations. This study investigates the relationship between information source before traveling and choice of traveling mode among Arab tourists coming to Malaysia. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design with convenient sampling technique to generate questionnaire data from 358 participants who are mainly tourists from three major tourism attraction centers in Malaysia. The questionnaire data was analysed using multiple regression analysis technique to determine the relationship between information source and choice of traveling mode among Arab tourists coming to Malaysia. First, the overall findings show that information source before traveling among Arab tourists coming to Malaysia is significantly related to the choice of traveling mode. Further findings revealed that both tourism service providers and tourism information centers sources but not travel agent source are significantly related to the choice of traveling mode among Arab tourists coming to Malaysia. The study concludes that the choice of traveling mode among Arabs coming to Malaysia is mainly determined by tourism service providers and tourism information centers sources of information and not travel agent source of information. The outcomes of the study have significant managerial implications for tourism operators, tourism providers and managers of tourist destinations as well as tourism policy makers in Malaysia.
A Novel Approach to Find Author's Research Areas of Interests Using Graph Database
Authors: George Soumya , Elayidom M. Sudheep , Santhanakrishnan T.
Published: October 2019

Research areas of interests reveal the area of expertise of an author or the field in which the author has in-depth knowledge. This is one of the core components of an author profiles of any academic search engine that can be efficiently utilized by other authors or researchers to identify all authors who have proficiency in a specified field. This article proposes a graph-based approach for automatic creation of author profile by finding the author's area of interests in research using subject classification of their published papers. Classification accuracy of the author's research areas of interest also tested manually for 415 authors by comparing classified areas of interests of each author with areas of interests given in Google scholar profile. Total mismatch occurs only for 37 others. Results showed that accuracy could be improved by adding more papers.
Platelets in Inflammation and Resolution
Authors: Margraf Andreas , Zarbock Alexander
Published: October 2019

Platelets have long been known for their role in hemostasis. In this, platelet adhesion and activation leads to the formation of a firm thrombus and thus the sealing of a damaged blood vessel. More recently, inflammatory modes of function have been attributed to these non–nuclei-containing cellular fragments. Interaction with leukocytes, secretion of proinflammatory mediators, and migratory behavior are some of the recent discoveries. Nonetheless, platelets also have anti-inflammatory potential by regulating macrophage functions, regulatory T cells, and secretion of proresolving mediators. This review summarizes current knowledge of platelet functions with a special focus on inflammation and resolution of inflammation.
Erythrocytes of the Rhesus and Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Stingo Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

The monograph Erythrocytes of the Rhesus and Cynomolgus Monkeys is devoted to the cytologic, quantitative, generative normal and abnormal presentations of the erythrocytes in these two species of primates...
Comparison of progesterone assay by chemiluminescence or radioimmunoassay for clinical decision-making in canine reproduction
Authors: Nöthling Johan O. , De Cramer Kurt G.M.
Published: October 2019

The Coat-A-Count® radioimmunoassay has been long and widely used to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum or plasma of bitches (progRIA), but was discontinued in 2014. The Immulite® 1000 LKPG1 chemiluminescence immunoassay has gained prominence since 2003 to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum of bitches, but the assay changed in 2012 (Immulite® 1000 LKPW1). This study assessed the feasibility of using Immulite® 1000 LKPW1 (progImm) to estimate the time of clinically relevant events during oestrus and compared progRIA and progImm 2 and 3 days after the first or only day of the luteinizing hormone surge (LH1). ProgImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 6 nmol/L, a proxy for the occurrence of the LH surge, or the day before in 28 of 31 (90%) of oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 13.6 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 16 nmol/L (a proxy for the day of ovulation) or the day before in 34 of 35 (97%) oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 5.4 nmol/L on LH1 or the day before in 24 of 25 (95%) of oestrous periods. The median of progImm 2 days after LH1 was 1.2 nmol/L lower than the 10.7 nmol/L of progRIA (p = 0.001). The mean of progImm 3 days after LH1 was 2.2 nmol/L lower than the 19.0 nmol/L of progRIA (p 0.001). In conclusion, the days on which progImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L, 13.6 nmol/L and 5.4 nmol/L effectively estimate the days on which progRIA reached 6 nmol/L or 16 nmol/L or LH1.
Public ‘say on pay’ activism in South Africa: Targets, challengers, themes and impact
Authors: Viviers Suzette , Mans-Kemp Nadia , Kallis Linda , Mckenzie Kristen
Published: October 2019

Background: Shareholders and other stakeholders in South Africa are increasingly raising their concerns in public about seemingly excessive executive remuneration. Most of their criticism is rooted in the large and growing wage gap in the country.Aim: The authors investigated the nature of the entities whose executive remuneration policies and practices were publicly criticised, the types of challengers involved in this social movement, key issues raised and the impact that the challengers had on the targeted executives’ remuneration.Setting: Public activism involving five South African state-owned enterprises and 38 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.Methods: Executives and entities that were targeted in public were identified from three online financial newspapers published between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. A total of 92 events were recorded involving 65 executives. Data on these executives’ emolument and three control variables were sourced from Bloomberg. Descriptive statistics and mixed-model analysis of variance tests were employed to evaluate the quantitative secondary data.Results: In line with the extant literature, most of the targets were large, well-known companies. Individual and minority shareholders represented the largest category of challengers, followed by asset managers and trade unions. The vast majority of concerns centred on the size and composition of executives’ packages and insufficient justifications provided by remuneration committees. The total pay, bonuses and other performance-based incentives decreased significantly in the year after the companies were publicly targeted.Conclusion: The findings suggest that public ‘say on pay’ activism can be an effective mechanism in addressing seemingly excessive executive emolument.
Laparoscopic splenectomy after trauma
Authors: Fransvea Pietro , Costa Gianluca , Serao Angelo , Cortese Francesco , Balducci Genoveffa , Sganga Gabriele , Marini Pierluigi
Published: October 2019

Importance:

A deep knowledge of the indication for laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in trauma case can lead trauma surgeon to offer in a wider number of situations a minimally invasive approach to a common injuries.

Objective:

To present and review the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic approach for spleen trauma and to identify patient whose can benefit from a minimally invasive approach versus patient that need open surgery to assess the whole severity of trauma.

Evidence Review:

A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA statement in order to identify articles reporting LS after trauma. A literature search was performed through MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase and Google Scholar from January 1990 to December 2018. Studies conducted on animals were not considered. All other laparoscopic procedures for spleen trauma were excluded.

Results:

Nineteen articles were included in this study, reporting 212 LS after trauma. The most study includes blunt trauma patient. All LS were performed in haemodynamically stable patient. Post-operative complications were reported in all articles with a median post-operative morbidity rate of 30 patients (14.01%), including 16 (7.5%) post-operative deaths.

Conclusions and Relevance:

This article reports the feasibility and safety of a minimally invasive approach for common trauma injuries which can help non-advanced laparoscopic skill trauma surgeon to develop the best indication to when to adopt this kind of approach.
Late toxicities among laryngopharyngeal cancers patients treated with different schedules of concurrent chemoradiation at a rural tertiary cancer care center
Authors: Muttath Geetha , Vinin N.V. , Shringarpure Kalpita , Jones Joneetha , Balasubramanian Satheesan , Thavarool Sajithbabu , Ajaykumar Shilpa
Published: October 2019

Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for laryngeal-pharyngeal cancers. Apart from survival organ preservation remains major aims of the treatment. Advanced radiation techniques like VMAT have shown to reduce morbidity. The purpose of our study is to assess the late toxicities in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation and its association with dose to organs at risk. Aims: Assessment of late toxicities following concurrent chemoradiation in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancers. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study at a tertiary cancer centre on patients with laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers treated with concurrent chemoradiation with VMAT upto a total dose of 69.3 -70 Gy in 33-35 fractions and concurrent chemotherapy with Cisplatin was done. Severe late toxicities and its association with demographic and clinical parameters and dose to OAR were studied. Data was analysed using EpiData analysis v2.2.2.182. Results: Of the 93 patients studied majority were males above 55 years. Oropharynx was the commonest site (58%) with T3 and N2 in majority. Late dysphagia and odynophagia was seen in 18(21%) and 23(27%) patients respectively. 16 (17%) had tube dependence and nine (9.6%) had aspiration pneumonia. D60, V50 and V60 along with site , node positivity and weight loss were found to be significantly associated with severe late toxicity. Conclusion: Oropharyngeal cancers, node positivity and weight loss were found to have significant grade III and above toxicities including tube dependency. Dose to larynx showed association with severe late toxicities, though dose to constrictors could not.
Performance of colposcopic scoring by modified International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy terminology for diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a low-resource setting
Authors: Rema Prabhakaran Nair , Mathew Aleyamma , Thomas Shaji
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Colposcopy is a tool to evaluate women with cervical pre-cancer and cancer. To interpret the colposcopic findings, various scoring systems are used but with inter observer variations. To improve the quality of colposcopy, International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) has introduced a colposcopic nomenclature in 2011. Colposcopic scoring helps to select patients who need treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to evaluate the agreement between colposcopic diagnosis with the modified IFCPC terminology and cervical pathology in patients with abnormal screening tests and to assess the utility of this colposcopic scoring system in low resource settings. Methodology: Patients with abnormal screening tests who underwent colposcopic assessment in the department of Gynaecological oncology were included in the study. Colposcopic scoring was done by the modified IFCPC nomenclature. The results were compared with cytology and the final histopathology. Results: 56 patients were included in the study. The colposcopic scoring when compared to histopathology showed agreement in 65.7% which indicated the agreement was substantial and was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). With cytology the colposcopic score showed agreement in 35.6% indicating a fair agreement and this was also statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Colposcopic scoring by modified IFCPC 2011 criteria showed substantial agreement with cervical histopathology. Compared to traditional methods, 2011 international terminology of colposcopy could improve colposcopic accuracy.
Barriers and explanatory mechanisms in diagnostic delay in four cancers – A health-care disparity?
Authors: Basu Abhishek , Ghosh Debjit , Mandal Bidyut , Mukherjee Pratyusha , Maji Avik
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Most cancer disparities research has traditionally focused on two key outcomes, access to appropriate treatment and survival, but they do not encompass important aspects of patient-centered care such as the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment. Prolonged time intervals between symptom onset and treatment initiation increase the risk of poorer clinical outcomes and are associated with worse patient experience of subsequent cancer care. This study aims to assess the delay from symptom onset to the start of definitive treatment and to identify the possible contributory factors and its impact on response in cancers of head and neck, breast, cervix, and lung. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients enrolled between 2015 and 2017. A questionnaire was filled in about socioeconomic aspects, patient history, tumor data, professionals who evaluated the patients, and the respective time delays. Statistical test included Mann–Whitney U test, univariate and multivariate test, and one-way ANOVA to evaluate the correlations. Results: Stage migration was significant with patient delay (P < 0.01). In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and Carcinoma lung, a significant correlation was found between referral delay and residence (P < 0.01) and treatment delay and reason for referral (HNSCC only) (P = 0.04). Referral delay and treatment delay were correlated to response in breast and cervix, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Social awareness, regularly updating primary care physicians about alarming symptoms of cancer, developing guidelines to identify these symptoms, promoting continuity of care, and enabling access to specialist expertise through prompt referral should all help prevent delays in cancer diagnosis.
Cancer trends in Eastern India: Retrospective hospital-based cancer registry data analysis
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Raj Shraddha , Madhawi Richa , Devi Seema , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2019

Background: Trends of cancer cases vary across several hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs). There is a paucity of demographic data to evaluate trends of cancer in Eastern India. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate trends and pattern of cancer cases with respect to time from HBCR from Bihar. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the numbers of consecutive patients registered with eight most common type of cancer in our HBCR in Regional Cancer Centre, Bihar, and to evaluate trends of cancer cases registered with respect to time. Materials and Methods: Demographic profile of consecutive cancer patients registered from January 2014 to December 2016 (3 years) in HBCR was obtained. Patients diagnosed with common malignancies including head-and-neck cancer, gallbladder, breast, cervix, ovary, esophagus, stomach, hematolymphoid, and colorectal were analyzed. Frequency distribution, crosstabs, and line diagram were used to evaluate the trends of these common cancers with respect to time. Results: Sixty-six thousand and twenty-nine consecutive patients were registered between 2014 and 2016. Carcinoma gallbladder was the most common malignancy (21%), followed by head-and-neck cancer (19%) and breast cancer (15%). Median age at the diagnosis was 55 years for carcinoma gallbladder while 53 years and 46 years for head-and-neck and breast cancer, respectively. Male-to-female ratio was 0.6 for carcinoma gallbladder and 1.8 for head-and-neck cancer. A number of gallbladder and head-and-neck cancer registered increased by 36% (between 2014 and 2015) and 5% (between 2015 and 2016) and 24% (between 2014 and 2015) and 4% (between 2015 and 2016), respectively. Carcinoma breast and cervix showed decreasing trend with fall in registration up to 13% (between 2015 and 2016) and 27% (between 2015 and 2016), respectively. Conclusion: Carcinoma gallbladder is the most common cancer in Bihar. Head-and-neck cancer and carcinoma gallbladder are increasing while breast and cervical cancers are decreasing with respect to time.
A Meta-analysis on efficacy of auto fluorescence in detecting the early dysplastic changes of oral cavity
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan C.S.K , Chavva Sunanda , Surekha Elizabeth , Priyanka Vedula , Akhila Mule , Ponnuru Hari Kiran , Reddy Charan Kumar
Published: October 2019

Background: Light-based detection agents using autofluorescence may be helpful in the detection of early dysplasia, which would otherwise be misdiagnosed as nondysplastic by conventional oral examination (COE) with white light. Visually-enhanced lesion scope (VELscope) is one of such an aid used for the purpose. A meta-analysis was carried out on the sensitivity and specificity of VELscope that would enable in providing evidence of its usage in oral dysplasia. Materials and Methods: MeSH terms such as auto florescence in oral dysplasia, VELscope, Oral ID, Identifi, in a different medical database such as PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, and Google scholar was carried out by four research associates. The total articles available were 242, of which, 230 were excluded based on strict criteria of randomized control trials and proper design. Finally, only 12 studies were chosen for the present analysis. Of 1643 patients from 12 studies, 1264 patients had undergone the autofluorescence examination after the COE. Only 774 patients have shown the loss of fluorescence with VELScope examination and 487 had retained the fluorescence. Biopsy was performed on 1176 patients after the autofluorescence examination in the areas where there was the loss of fluorescence. The available data were subjected to software Review Manager for analysis. Results and Discussion: Of the 11 studies analyzed, majority of them showed that the autofluorescence device were sensitive enough > 0.70; however, the values of sensitivity and specificities varied significantly. With the VELscope the diagnostic performance of the inexpert examiner was not improved, obtaining a sensitivity of 0.40 (95% of confidence interval [CI]: 0.406–0.773) and a specificity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.614–0.923). Conclusion: The new technique may help as an adjunct to histopathology in detecting the dysplasia initially and stop further progression to the carcinoma.