bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating GWAS and Transcriptomics to Identify Genes Involved in Seed Dormancy in Rice
Authors: Shi Jin , Shi Jianxin , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing
Published: April 2021

Seed dormancy is a key agricultural trait to prevent pre-harvest sprouting in crop plants such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). However, our knowledge of seed dormancy is hampered by the complexities of studying a trait that changes over time after seed harvest, and is complicated by interactions between phytohormones, other regulators, and the environment. Here, we have conducted a genome-wide association study using a panel of 311 natural accessions of cultivated rice, examining a total of 519,158 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to associate with seed dormancy; expression of candidate genes within 100 kb of each QTL was examined in two published, germination-specific transcriptomic datasets. Ten candidate genes, differentially expressed within the first four days post-imbibition, were identified. Five of these genes had previously been associated with awn length, heading date, yield, and spikelet length phenotypes. In addition, previously identified genes involved in hormone signaling during germination were found to be differentially expressed between a japonica and an indica line; SNPs in the promoter of Os9BGlu33 were associated with germination index. Collectively, our results are useful for future characterization of seed dormancy mechanism and crop improvement, and suggest haplotypes for further analysis that may be of use to boost PHS resistance in rice.
The Impact of Panel Composition and Topic on Stakeholder Perspectives: Generating Hypotheses from Online Maternal and Child Health Modified-Delphi Panels
Authors: Khodyakov Dmitry , Park Sujeong , Hutcheon Jennifer , Parisi Sara , Bodnar Lisa
Published: April 2021

Background: Multi-stakeholder engagement is crucial for conducting health services research. Delphi-based methodologies combining iterative rounds of questions with feedback on and discussion of group results are a well-documented approach to multi-stakeholder engagement. The aim of this study is to develop hypotheses about the impact of panel composition and topic on the propensity and meaningfulness of response changes in multi-stakeholder modified-Delphi panels.Methods: We conducted three online modified-Delphi multi-stakeholder panels using the same protocol. We assigned 60 maternal and child health professionals to a homogeneous (professionals-only) panel, 60 pregnant or postpartum women (patients) to a homogeneous panel, and 30 professionals and 30 patients to a mixed panel. In Round 1, participants rated seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes using 0-100 scale and explained their ratings. In Round 2, participants saw Round 1 results and discussed them using anonymous, moderated online discussion boards. In Round 3, participants revised their original ratings. Our outcome measures included binary indicators of response changes to ratings of low, medium, and high severity maternal and child health outcomes and their meaningfulness, measured by a change of 10 or more points on a 0-100 scale.Results: Participants changed 55% of responses; the majority of response changes were meaningful. We developed three main hypotheses. First, stakeholders may be more likely to change their responses on preference-sensitive topics where there is a range of viable alternatives or perspectives. Second, patients may be more likely to change their responses and to do so meaningfully in mixed panels, whereas professionals may be more likely to do so in homogeneous panels. Third, the association between panel composition and response change may vary according to the topic.Conclusions: Results of our work not only helped generate empirically-derived hypotheses to be tested in future research, but also offer practical recommendations for designing multi-stakeholder online modified-Delphi panels.Registration: International Registered Report Identifier: DERR1-10.2196/16478
Gender Differences in Psychosocial Status of Adolescents During COVID-19: A Six-country Cross-sectional Survey in Asia Pacific
Authors: Wang Jun , Aaron Alec , Baidya Anurima , Chan Christabel , Wetzler Erica , Savage Kevin , Joseph Michael , Kang Yunhee
Published: April 2021

Background: School closures and family economic instability caused by the COVID-19 lockdown measures have threatened the mental health and academic progress of adolescents. Through secondary data analysis of World Vision Asia Pacific Region’s COVID-19 response-assessments in May-June 2020, this study examined whether adolescents’ study, physical, and leisure activities, psychosocial status, and sources of COVID-19 information differed by gender. Methods: The assessments used cross-sectional surveys of adolescents in poor communities served by World Vision (n=5552 males and n=6680 females) aged 10-18 years old in six countries. The study households of adolescents were selected either by random sampling or non-probability convenience sampling and assessed using telephone or in-person interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between gender and psychosocial status; daily activities (e.g., play, study); and sources of information about COVID-19.Results: Participation in remote education was low (range: 0.5%-20.7% across countries), with gender difference found only in Vietnam. Compared to males, female adolescents were less likely to play physically with a range of AOR: 0.36-0.55 (n=5 countries) or play video games with a range of AOR: 0.55-0.72 (n=2 countries). Female adolescents were more likely to feel isolated or stressed (India, AOR=1.13, 95%CI:1.00,1.26); feel unsafe (the Philippines, AOR=2.22, 95%CI:1.14,4.33; Vietnam, AOR=1.31, 95%CI:1.03,1.47); be concerned about education (India, AOR=1.24, 95%CI:1.09,1.41; Myanmar, AOR=1.59, 95%CI:1.05,2.40); or be concerned about household income (India, AOR=1.13, 95%CI:1.00,1.28; Vietnam, AOR=1.31, 95%CI:1.09,1.58). Female adolescents were also less likely to obtain COVID-19 related information through internet/social media (Bangladesh, AOR=0.51; 95%CI:0.41, 0.64; India, AOR=0.84; 95%CI:0.73, 0.96; and Myanmar, AOR=0.65; 95%CI:0.43, 0.97) and mobile call or short message (India, AOR=0.88, 95% CI: 95%CI:0.80, 0.98) but more likely to get the information from friends (Vietnam, AOR=1.18, 95%CI:1.02, 1.36) and family (Bangladesh, AOR=1.44. 95% CI:1.21, 1.70; India, AOR=1.29 95% CI:1.15, 1.45).Conclusions: An understanding of gender differences in the impacts of COVID-19 on adolescent’s schooling, physical, and mental health can inform adolescent protection interventions. Psychosocial support during response and recovery phases needs to pay special attention to gender differences, since female adolescents’ psychosocial status is at higher risk when facing the challenges of this pandemic.
High throughput crop genome genotyping by a combination of pool next generation sequencing and haplotype-based data processing
Authors: Schneider Michael , Shrestha Asis , Ballvora Agim , Leon Jens
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe identification of environmentally specific alleles and the observation of evolutional processes is a goal of conservation genomics. By generational changes of allele frequencies in populations, questions regarding effective population size, gene flow, drift, and selection can be addressed. The observation of such effects often is a trade-off of costs and resolution, when a decent sample of genotypes should be genotyped for many loci. Pool genotyping approaches can derive a high resolution and precision in allele frequency estimation, when high coverage sequencing is utilized. Still, pool high coverage pool sequencing of big genomes comes along with high costs.ResultsHere we present a reliable method to estimate a barley population’s allele frequency at low coverage sequencing. Three hundred genotypes were sampled from a barley backcross population to estimate the entire population’s allele frequency. The allele frequency estimation accuracy and yield were compared for three next generation sequencing methods. To reveal accurate allele frequency estimates on a low coverage sequencing level, a haplotyping approach was performed. Low coverage allele frequency of positional connected single polymorphisms were aggregated to a single haplotype allele frequency, resulting in two to 271 times higher depth and increased precision. We compared different haplotyping tactics, showing that gene and chip marker-based haplotypes perform on par or better than simple contig haplotype windows. The comparison of multiple pool samples and the referencing against an individual sequencing approach revealed whole genome pool resequencing having the highest correlation to individual genotyping (up to 0.97), while transcriptomics and genotyping by sequencing indicated higher error rates and lower correlations.ConclusionUsing the proposed method allows to identify the allele frequency of populations with high accuracy at low cost. This is particularly interesting for conservation genomics in species with big genomes, like barley or wheat. Whole genome low coverage resequencing at 10x coverage can deliver a highly accurate estimation of the allele frequency, when a loci-based haplotyping approach is applied. Using annotated haplotypes allows to capitalize from biological background and statistical robustness.
Innovative technological and subsistence responses to marginal environments indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa ~90 000 years ago
Authors: Mackay Alex , Armitage Simon , Niespolo Elizabeth , Sharp Warren , Stahlschmidt Mareike , Blackwood Alexander , Boyd Kelsey , Lagle Susan , Kaplan Chester , Low Marika , Martisius Naomi , McNeil Patricia , Moffat Ian , Rudd Rachel , Steele Teresa
Published: April 2021

Evidence for complex behaviours appears sporadically through the Middle Stone Age of Africa, leaving unclear the major factors shaping the evolution of human behaviour. Here we present evidence for a novel suite of adaptations in the arid Knersvlake region of southern Africa that were deployed during a specific set of environmental conditions dating 90-80 000 years before present, at the archaeological site Varsche Rivier 003 (VR003). This includes the earliest production of artefacts from ostrich eggshell, long-distance transportation of economic marine molluscs, and stone tool technologies focussed on manufacture of small flakes and blades from deliberately heat fractured blocks of silcrete. Similar evidence is absent from coeval assemblages at sites in less arid areas immediately to the south, and subsequently disappears from VR003 with the onset of more humid conditions. The results indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age, and suggest that marginal subsistence conditions fostered distinctive technological and subsistence innovations.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Eugenyl Acetate from Essential Oil of Clove Using Lipases in Liquid Formulation as Biocatalyst
Authors: Santolin Leandro , Fiametti Karina G. , Lobo Viviane da Silva , Wancura João H. C. , Oliveira José Vladimir
Published: April 2021

In this research, eugenyl acetate, a compound with flavoring, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was obtained from essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) via liquid lipase-mediated acetylation. Clove essential oil was extracted by drag water vapor from dry flower buds and its physic-chemical characteristics were analyzed. For the enzymatic synthesis, an extensive evaluation of reaction parameters was accomplished through employment of distinct reaction temperatures, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratios, enzyme loads and three different lipases (a lyophilized enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation of sunflower seed with Penicillium sumatrense microorganism and others two commercial lipases – Lipozyme TL 100L and CALB L). Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C) was used to confirm the presence of eugenyl acetate in the samples. Through optimized conditions (55 °C, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratio of 1:1, 10 wt% of Lipozyme TL 100L), 91.80 % of conversion after 2 h was achieved to the eugenyl acetate production. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the use of lipases in liquid formulation is a promising alternative for the synthesis of essential esters largely applied on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis
Authors: Haoran Wang , Jianhua Xiao , Maolin Ouyang , Hongyan Gao , Jia Bie , Li Gao , Xiang Gao , Hongbin Wang
Published: April 2021

Background
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis.
Results
Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong), northern (Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). We found spring as the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC = 0.8532).
Conclusions
These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and provinces can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.
The Relationship of Illness Perception and Medication Adherence in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Authors: Bilondi Sina Sabeti , Noghabi Ali Delshad , Aalami Hosein
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the most well-known chronic diseases in the world is diabetes. Disease perception is the patient's organized cognitive representation of his or her illness and can affect treatment adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between illness perception and adherence to the medical regimen in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 260 patients with type II diabetes referred to Gonabad Diabetes Clinic by systematic random sampling in 2019. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Morisky medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and Brief illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. And using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that the mean score of illness perception of type II diabetes was 46.39 ± 9.45 (range 0-70) and the mean score of medication Adherence was 2.93 ± 1.9 (range 0-8). The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between illness perception and medication Adherence (P <0.001, r = 0.199). Also, the regression model showed that the dimensions of disease comprehension and personal control from illness perception were significantly related to medication Adherence of type II diabetic patients (P <0.001). Conclusion: By measuring the level of illness perception, the degree of medication Adherence can be predicted. Therefore, strengthening the illness perception in order to medication Adherence seems to be an important therapeutic strategy in educational interventions. Keywords: illness perception, medication Adherence, type II diabetes
Nurse-performed ultrasonography in combat operations: a perspective for the future?
Authors: Balasoupramanien Kevin , Comat Guillaume , Renard Aurélien , Meusnier Jean-Guillaume , Montigon Coline , Pitel Anne-Sophie , Bascou Marc , Dubourg Rémy , Cazes Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Background In current French military operations, it is not uncommon for the military nurses (MNs) to be required to support soldiers alone in isolated areas. At a time when advanced practice nurses in the civilian sector develop extended skills, we asked MNs about their willingness to be trained in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).Methods We conducted a web-based survey from 1 November 2018 to 1 December 2018, including all MNs deployed in the Barkhane operation. The questionnaire, sent by e-mail, aimed to describe the willingness of MNs to be trained in POCUS. Their opinion on the usefulness of this training, the situations and ultrasound targets that seemed most profitable to them were also studied.Results 30 questionnaires out of 34 were completed. On average, MNs had 7.4 years of practice and had already carried out three military operations. Three MNs reported having been trained in POCUS and six had already performed POCUS on the field. 96% of the untrained MNs wanted to be trained. Twenty-nine (96%) MNs felt that there was added value in knowing how to perform POCUS, especially in operations and in isolated posts without a military physician (MP). Focused assessment with sonography for trauma, pleural and urinary tract ultrasound were the targets considered most useful to them, in that order.Conclusion MNs are interested in learning POCUS. A training course before their departure on mission for simple and quick acquisition targets would be easy to implement and probably beneficial for the patient, the MN and the MP.
Image Classification using ImageNet Classifiers in Environments with Limited Data
Authors: Sharma Anirvin , Singh Abhinav , Choudhury Tanupriya , Sarkar Tanmay
Published: April 2021

In this research, we compare and contrast various image classification algorithms and how effective they are in specific problem sets where data might be scarce such as prediction of rare phenomena (for example, natural calamities), enterprise solutions etc. We have employed various state-of-the-art algorithms in this study credited to have been some of the best classifiers at the time of their inception. These classifiers have also been suspected to fall prey to overfitting on the datasets they were initially tested on viz. ImageNet and Common Objects in Context (COCO); we test to what extent these classifiers tend to generalize to the new data provided by us in a transfer learning framework. We utilize transfer learning on the ImageNet classifiers to adapt to our smaller dataset and examine various techniques such as data augmentation, batch normalization, dropout etc. to mitigate overfitting. All the classifiers follow a standard fully connected architecture. The end result should provide the reader with an overall analysis of which algorithm or approach to use in conditions where data might be limited while also giving a brief overview of the progress of image classification algorithms since their advent. We also provide an analysis on the effectiveness of data augmentation in limited datasets by providing results achieved with and without utilizing data augmentation. In our case, we found the MobileNet (with its lightweight nature contributing to low computational costs) and InceptionV3 (owing to its lower training time) to be the best performing classifiers for applying transfer learning to limited datasets out of the classifiers we have used for our study. This paper aims to establish preemptive standards that can be used to evaluate the models which can be used in object recognition, and image classification for problems containing limited amounts of data.
Relationship between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases among a sample of Yemeni Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Kalisi Milad , Al-Hajri Manal , Al-Rai Sarah
Published: April 2021

Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) are defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb), and PDs in a sample of Yemeni population. A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental teaching clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University. Of the 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. (58.5%) of participants were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18–35). Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Among all participants, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. BMI and albumin level were non significantly associated with PDs. Mild malnutrition was the most frequent category in the patients diagnosed with gingivitis. In conclusion, There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was clearly seen between mild undernutrition and gingivitis.
PENANDA KAWASAN SEBAGAI PENGUAT NILAI FILOSOFIS SUMBU UTAMA KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Haryono Azis Yon
Published: April 2021

Title: Urban Signage as Philosophical Reinforcement Main Axis of Yogyakarta

The history search of space-forming structure of Yogyakarta shows an axis or pivot that forms the main hall corridor of the city. The axes are connected to the point of the city elements in the form of buildings starting from the White Pal Monument (Tugu Pal Putih) building in the north of the city, the Sultan Palace in the middle of the city, and Panggung Krapyak in the south of the Palace. The axis series are called as philosophical axis of Yogyakarta. These axes have a very important value considering to its position in the main pivot of the city. It will certainly bring its consequence on all of the physical elements that form the region. One of these referred elements is the sign elements. The definition of the sign elements is landmark buildings, gates, nodes, billboards, traffic signs, information boards, art media (murals), monuments (sculptures), and the installations of three dimension art in the public space. The result of the identification in the field shows that, the first, the presence of the signs along the axis tend to be without special characters (distinct character), so the formed character of the space is closed to the other locations. The second, the existence of advertisement media or information boards whether commercial, social, or information from the government tend to be unorganized and dominate the available spaces. The specific elements in the form of work of art installation, monuments, gates, and heritage buildings that have already existed and form a special character to the region that impressed overwhelmed by the presence of advertising media and information boards so it is felt to be lost from the sight. The rearrangement of the advertising media and information boards, also the development of sign elements that have a good synergy will contribute to the value strengthening of philosophical axis of Tugu Pal Putih and Panggung Krapyak of Yogyakarta.
IDENTIFIKASI KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH DI KAWASAN WURING, KABUPATEN SIKKA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Bebhe Kristiana , Mberu Yuliana Bhara
Published: April 2021

Title: Identification of Slum Settlement in Wuring Area, Sikka District, East Nusa Tenggara

The Wuring area, located in Sikka regency East Nusa Tenggara province. This settlement is dominated by the Bajo tribe and considered as a slum area. The identification of slum areas was carried out in order to provide basic data and slums-related information for local governments, planners, designers and area developers in making decisions or considerations in handling the slum settlement program. Determine criteria for slum areas was conducted by considering various aspects or dimensions such as the suitability of the location allotment related with spatial planning, land status (ownership), location, level of population and building density and physical, social, economic and cultural conditions of the local community. The study aims to identify and assess the location of slum areas in the Wuring area and furthermore recommend how the handling of this slum areas. For this purpose, the deductive research method using the criterias based on the Slum Settlement Identification Handbook issued by the Directorate of Settlement Development, Directorate General of Human Settlements, Indonesian Ministry of Public Works. The result of the study is that in the Wuring area has high level of slums and illegal land status.
PERUBAHAN FUNGSI, BENTUK DAN MATERIAL RUMAH ADAT SASAK KARENA MODERNISASI
Authors: Julita Ing , Hidayatun Maria Immaculata
Published: April 2021

Title: Function, Form and Material Changes of Sasak Traditional House due to Modernization

Along with the increasing time and technological development, society’s needs will change or evolve, starting from the social and cultural aspects. This will affect the architectural side of community dwellings, including traditional houses. Traditional houses will experience architectural changes starting from the needs of space, activities, social users, and materials as in the study to be discussed, the Sasak traditional house in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Many changes that occur are the function of the living space due to various factors, one of which is the addition of family members. The use of material also experienced a lot of changes due to economic factors and technological factors. Therefore, this study will analyze the changes that occur and their influence on the initial meaning contained in the Sasak traditional house due to various factors at the time of modernization.
PENERAPAN KONSEP SOSIAL DAN BEHAVIOR SETTING PADA RUMAH ADAT BALI
Authors: Roosandriantini Josephine , Meilan Fernanda Yosefi
Published: April 2021

Title: Application of the Social and Behavioral Setting Concept on Balinese Architecture

The neighborhood is formed unique as a result of the activities, reactions as well as behavior of the individuals who are living in it. The formation of the neighborhood has a natural architectural meaning which is determined by the necessity of individuals related to the division of the nature of space. The division of the nature of space is very apparent in Balinese traditional houses, it consists of the private to the public spaces. The nature of space is also studied in architecture behavior, and in this study behavioral approach is used in seeing the relationship between the nature of space and the physical appearance of Balinese architecture. This approach is also observing the pattern of user behavior that occurs repeatedly to form a distinct environmental order. This research was conducted to identify the spatial division and the formation of behavioral setting in which the behavior patterns is defined. The purpose of this study is to understand how the concept of behavior setting is applied in Balinese traditional houses. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative, by collecting data based on literature research on Balinese architecture. The results of this study are to explain the human needs of each arrangement based on the nature of the space, and also determine the formation of behavioral setting concepts in the arrangement of Balinese traditional houses.
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN SEPEDA ANAK USIA 7-12 TAHUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID ETHNOGRAPHY DAN SCAMPER
Authors: Mahendra Marcellino Aditya , Dharmastiti Rini
Published: April 2021

Title: Design Development of Bike for Kids (7-12 y.o) using Rapid Ethnography and SCAMPER Method
Children by nature growth relatively fast. Their body expand in a short time that demand many things that they wear or use to meet their body accordingly. This to include also the need for their bicycle. In order to fulfill the needs of children’s comfort in cycling, some bicycles which are suitable with anthropometry of children’s body are required. With the existence of bicycle’s design which has longer durability than children’s bicycles in general, hence the children’s bicycle which will be designed would have sustainable design concept. Clark et al. (2009) states that sustainable design is a design concept which integrates 3 kinds of elements (people, profit, planet) and not merely an environmental-friendly concept. Developing a product with sustainable concept is not only done with a manipulation on materials which are bio-degradable, but also could be done with extending the lifespan of the product. Respondents which are targeted on this planning are children aged from 7 until 12 with their parents, since the children on this age range experience rapid growth. Not only the interests of the children aged from 7-12 as primer users which are concerned, but also their parents as secondary users. This matter is resulted from how the parents also play a role in choosing and buying the bicycle which will be used by their children.
EFFECTS OF VARIETIES AND BLANCHING TEMPERATURES ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITIES OF PLANTAIN FLOUR
Authors:   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., T.K. Patience , V.C. Nwachukwu ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., B.M. Inchikida ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., J.T. Sharinya ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., F.K. Fatima ,   Department of Agriculture Engineering and Biomolecular Study Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Published: April 2021

A study was carried out on effects of varieties and blanching temperatures on the functional and nutritional qualities of plantain flour. Seven (7) bunches of plantain labelled O35, O48.2, O61.6, O75, P35, P55 and P75 were collected within Minna metropolis. After washing, peeling, slicing, Blanching, Drying and Milling, for nutritional qualities, O75 has the highest moisture content of 16.3, followed by O35 that has 10.6 while P75 has the least of 3.1. For ash content O61.6 has the highest of 3.2, followed by O48.2 and O75 that has 2.0 and P55 has the least of 0.5. For crude fat O35 has the highest of 47.0 followed by O75 that has 37.5 while O61.6 and P75 has the least of 34.5. For crude protein, P55 has the highest of 10.68, followed by O48.2 and O75 with 8.58 respectively while P75 has the least of 5.08. For crude fibre O48.2 has the highest of 28.5, followed by O75 that has 14.5 while O61.6 has the least of 3.0. For carbohydrate, P75 has the highest of 48.32, followed by O61.6 that has 43.05 while O48.2 has the least of 17.62. For functional qualities, P75 has the highest bulk density of 0.8 g/ml followed by P35 that has 0.77 g/ml while O75 has the least of 0.51g/ml. For WAC P75 has the highest of 28%, followed by P55 that has 22% while O35 has the least of 10%. For OAC, P75 has the highest of 24%, followed by P35 with P35 with 20% while O35 and O61.6 with the lowest of 16% each. For foam capacity, O35 has the highest of 16.6%, followed by O75 with 12% while P55 has the least of 1.8%. For Emulsion capacity, O75 has the highest of 38.6% followed by P35 with 31.6% while O48.2 has the least of 25.73%. The ogeda flour had higher moisture content, ash content, fat, fiber. While the panbolabola flour had a higher protein, carbohydrate for the nutritional properties.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A STORY OF AN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Faculty of Education, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka., Wedikandage L.N.P. , Gunawardana Kumudu ,   Faculty of Education, Indira Gandhi Open University, India.
Published: April 2021

This research found out the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement with a special focus on the secondary level students in an international school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The main objective of the current research was to find out the significant difference in student achievement among international school students in respect to parent participation in teacher-parent meetings and their help for their childs homework. The selection of the research method was based on the quantitative research approach and the type of methods available within this broad approach. The sample of the study comprised of 542 students, 542 parents, and 35 teachers in an international school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Data was collected through questionnaires. The findings concluded that (1) there was no significant difference in student achievement among international students with respect to parent education. (2) there was a significant difference in student achievement among students with respect to their parents participation in the teacher-parent meetings but (3) there was no significant difference between student achievements among students with respect to parental help on students homework. (4) Teachers in the International school are strongly agreed: their school offers workshops and provide resourceful information to help families to understand how children learn, their school has a clear understanding of the defined policies for teachers that encourage communication with the parents discussing the curriculum, student achievement, and ways a parent can be involved, their school provides productive professional developers that train them on the value of parents and ways to encourage partnerships between the school and home, their school encourages the use of our Learning Management System that provides classroom resources and items parents can access. their school assists families in guiding students to set academic goals, and monitor and discuss schoolwork at home, their school provides information to families on how to assist students with the skills they need to improve. However, (5) teachers in the school disagreed that their school trains parents on developing home routines, conditions, and environments that support their childs learning respectively.
REDISCOVERING THE IMPACT OF ETHICS IN DIGITALISED MARKETING: ENVISAGING THROUGH MO-CE-SA-PU-EM SCALE
Authors: Naskar Partha
Published: April 2021

Amidst fluctuating, turbulent and ever-changing market environment across the globe the market concepts have transformed drastically. The leaps and bounds of digital marketing encompass the global marketing scenario. The cut-throat competition and massive pace with changing business practices has compelled to redesign ethical connotation of present marketing houses. The present study focuses the broad domains viz. morality, word-of-mouth practices, value based advertisements, decision making phenomenon and unethical constraints as the proponent in the digital marketing platform with ethical considerations. The aim of the paper is to identify the items that may be considered to design the MO-CE-SA-PU-EM Scale. The main source of conceptualizing the domains is formulated with related literature and experts opinions comprising both academicians and practicing market executives in the industry in Kolkata as well as across the country through primary and secondary collection methods. A scale would be created involving essential considerations of the paper with the identifiable domains. These would be considered as independent variables and the notion of ethics in digitalized marketing as dependent variable. The implication of the study is that it throws considerable light about the role of ethics in marketing domains and has the potentials to significantly impact marketing business for 21st century digitalized business enterprises.
PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPACT OF EDIBLE MACROFUNGI D. SPATHULARIA AND S. COMMUNE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ALBINO RAT
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Jamshedpur Cooperative College, Jamshedpur, Kolhan University., Kumar Amar , Kumar Manoj ,   Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi., Ranjan Rakesh ,   Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi., Sinha M.P. ,   Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi.
Published: April 2021

Hematological investigations had been seen as helpful instruments in diagnosing the condition of wellbeing of an individual, the impact of food consumed can be assessed utilizing these apprehensions. In addition, the distinctive blood cell parameters are likewise helpful in the appraisal of immunological status of the individual. The present work was aimed to assess the impact of aqueous extract of edible macrofungiDacryopinaxspathularia and Schizophyllum commune on hematological parameters of albino rats. The two experimental macrofungi have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacies, and these are also used as traditional dietary and medicinal sources especially by the local people of North-east India. But the impact of these two edible macrofungi on the haematological parameters is still not reported. The results of the present work revealed that on administration of D. spathularia extract (500 mg/kg BW), slight but significant increase in total WBC count, platelets, eosinophils and monocytes was observed. There was no significant change found in rest of the hematological parameters. On the other hand, the administration of S. commune extract (500 mg/kg BW) had resulted into slight but significant increase in total WBC count and eosinophils, and rest all hematological parameters had not changed significantly. Thus, the two edible macrofungi under study does not have any adverse effects on haematological parameters and hence they are safe and can be used as dietary and nutraceutical purpose.
QUALITE DE VIE DES PATIENTES ATTEINTES DU CANCER DU COL ET SON RAPPORT AVEC LE SUPPORT SOCIAL A PROPOS DE 78 PATIENTES
Authors:   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca., Sabiri R. , azery A. El ,   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca., Wajih O. ,   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca., Benhassou M. ,   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca., Ennachit M. ,   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca., Kerroumi M. El ,   Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement des Cancers Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd De Casablanca.
Published: April 2021

Objectifs: lobjectif principal de notre travail etait devaluer la qualite de vie (QDV) des patientes atteintes du cancer du col uterin. Materiels et methodes: Il sagit dune etude transversale realisee de Janvier 2017 Ã Fevrier 2018 au centre Mohammed VI pour le traitement des cancers. Lenquete avait inclus les patientes atteintes du cancer du col quel que soit le stade de la maladie et le traitement recu. Un questionnaire a ete administre comportant les caracteristiques sociodemographiques, cliniques, exploration du soutien social par le questionnaire SSQ6 et la version arabe classique du Fact-Cx. Resultats: Au total, 78 patientes ont ete recrutees, la moyenne dÃ¢ge etait de 53,19 ans (Ecart-type=7,45 ans). La majorite des patientes etait mariees (64,1%) et 80,8 % navaient pas ete scolarisees. Environ 39 % avaient un stade clinique II et 92% etaient atteintes dun carcinome epidermoide. La coherence interne etait bonne pour trois sous echelle. La QDV de nos patientes etait alteree dans toutes ses dimensions, le statut marital, le niveau detude, le stade clinique et le type histologique de la tumeur impactaient fortement la QDV des patientes. Les meilleurs scores ont ete note chez les femmes mariees, celles avec niveau detude universitaire, les femmes atteintes dun carcinome epidermoide. La majorite des dimensions etait significativement correlee avec le soutien social recu. Au terme de nos resultats on peut conclure que le cancer du col avait un retentissement majeur sur la QDV des patientes.
UTERINE ADENOSARCOMA ANDADULT OVARY GRANULOSA TUMOR
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mohammed V MilitaryHospital., Messaoudi Hamza , Guelzim Khalid ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mohammed V MilitaryHospital., El Mehdiel Hassani Moulay ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mohammed V MilitaryHospital., Bouhtouri Yassine ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mohammed V MilitaryHospital., Amine Essaoudi Mohamed ,   AnatomopathologyDepartment Mohammed V Military Hospital., Kouach Jaouad ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mohammed V MilitaryHospital.
Published: April 2021

Uterineadenosarcomawith an adult granulosa tumourisrarelydescribed in the literature. The paucity of studies concerning this association makesitdifficultbothdiagnostically and therapeutically. We report a rare case of this association in a menopausal patient admitted to our training course for post-menopausalmetrorrhagia. The evolutionwas favorable in this patient after radical treatment, whichwasbased on atotal hysterectomywithbilateraladnexectomywithout adjuvant treatment.
REMOVABLE MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES : AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research., Madhu Aiswarya , Jaidka Shipra ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of Dental Science and Research., Somani Rani ,   Professor and Head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of Dental Science and Research., Jawa Deepti ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of Dental Science and Research., V.G Hridya ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research., Sabin A.P Muhamed ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research., Bashir Arwah ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research., Ahmad Layeeque ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research., Basu Payel ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DivyaJyoti College of dental Science and Research.
Published: April 2021

Conventional orthodontic appliances use mechanical forces to modify the position of tooth/ teeth into a more favorable position. However, the scope of these fixed appliances are greatly restricted by certain morphological conditions which are caused due to deviations in the developmental process or the neuromuscular capsule surrounding the orofacial skeleton. To overcome this drawback, myofunctional appliances came into being. These appliances are considered to be primarily orthopedic tools to guide the facial skeleton of the growing child. The distinctiveness of these appliances lies in the fact that instead of applying active forces,they transmit, eliminate and guide the natural forces like, muscle activity, growth, tooth eruption, to eliminate the morphological abnormalities and try to generate conditions for the harmonious development of the stomatognathic system. So a humble effort has been made to briefly explain the Removable Myofunctional appliances.
Folic acid, periconceptional multivitamin supplementation and pregnancy: modern aspects
Authors: Romanov A. Yu. , Dolgushina N. V.
Published: April 2021

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is a water-soluble vitamin, essential for the growth and development of the blood and immune systems. Its deficiency is a significant risk factor for fetal neural tube defects. The widespread implementation of drugs and food supplements containing folic acid in preparation for pregnancy and in its first trimester has significantly reduced the incidence of fetal neural tube defects.

According to current recommendations, taking 0.4 mg of folic acid per day is indicated within 6 months before conception and in the first trimester of pregnancy. Taking folic acid at a dosage of 4 mg is indicated for patients with a history of a fetal neural tube defect.

There are also other risk factors for developing fetal neural tube defects. These include family history, obesity, malabsorption syndrome, folate cycle gene polymorphisms, smoking, drug use, diabetes mellitus (pre-gestational), and other chronic diseases. Determination of the required dosage of folic acid in these categories of patients still requires discussion and clinical trials. Also, folic acid intake is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal atresia, conotruncal heart disease, cleft palate, urinary tract malformations, and omphalocele, reduces the incidence of some behavioral anomalies, in particular, hyperactivity, the need for planning a pregnancy.
Persistent human papillomavirus infection in the genesis of reproductive losses. Prospects for therapy
Authors: Tapilskaya N. I. , Ob’edkova K. V. , Krikheli I. O. , Tsechoeva L. Sh. , Glushakov R. I.
Published: April 2021

Viral pandemics have shown that infected pregnant women are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that a pregnant woman’s immune system undergoes a transformation necessary to maintain pregnancy and fetal growth. The prevalence of human papillomavirus (PVI) is high, and its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes and reproductive loss is highly controversial. About 90% of cases of persistent human papillomavirus infection (PVI) are eliminated within one to two years. The role of the immune system in the elimination and persistence of PVI has been proven; however, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms whereby PVI infected cells escape immune surveillance up to the present day. In addition, the immune mechanisms underlying the PVI persistence constitute a pathogenetic basis for the development of mechanisms of infertility, miscarriage and pregnancy pathology. Genetic polymorphism of the mother and the developing fetus, persistent PVI types and microbial landscape are modulating factors with an unexplained contribution in the transformation of quantity of introduced influences into the qualitative change in the biological state. The foreign and Russian research results analysed by the authors show that timely and adequate therapy of PVI may contribute to the preservation of reproductive potential and prevention of obstetric losses. The modern approach to the treatment of persistent PVI suggests the use of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. Due to its immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, inosine pranobex is used to treat viral diseases such as PVI, herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and influenza.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO PROBLEMA NA PESQUISA SOBRE POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O DEBATE
Authors: Oliveira Alcivam Paulo de , Ferreira Rosilda Arruda
Published: April 2021

A construção do problema de pesquisa é o foco deste artigo. Partindo dos debates sobre a fundamentação epistemológica da análise das políticas educacionais, identifica a necessidade de se propor caminhos que auxiliem na construção do problema da pesquisa. Da filosofia traz a contribuição de sua postura diante da realidade, baseada na crítica ampla, histórica e sistemática. Das ciências políticas traz a contribuição da “Policy Analysis” proposta por Frey (2000). Como resultados desse diálogo, apresenta uma proposta de construção do problema da pesquisa em políticas educacionais.