bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a questionnaire on technology‐integrated mathematics instruction: A case study of the AMA training course in Xinjiang and Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yi , Chen Ming‐Jang
Published: August 2015

This study describes the development of a questionnaire to evaluate how teachers perceive technology‐integrated math instruction. Following an AMA (Activate Mind Attention) training course, we surveyed 322 teachers to understand their views on the implantation of AMA in the classroom. We also analyzed differences in viewpoints between teachers from Xinjiang and those from Taiwan. This questionnaire could be used in other studies on technology‐integrated training for math teachers and also provide a basis for improving AMA design workshops, thereby enhancing the ability of teachers to implement AMA effectively.
Helping patients to reach decisions regarding their treatment: Do ‘non‐directive’ approaches cause systematic bias?
Authors: MacInnes Joy Anne , Salkovskis Paul M. , Wroe Abigail , Hope Tony
Published: August 2015

Objectives

Many patients want help in considering medical information relevant to treatment decisions they have to make or agree to. The present research investigated whether focussing on particular issues relevant to a medical treatment decision (using an apparently non‐directive procedure) could systematically bias a treatment decision.

Design and methods

In a randomized design, participants (community volunteers, n = 146) were given standard information about treatment of cardiac risk factors by medication (statins). There were four experimental interventions in which the participants focussed on the likely personal relevance of subsets of the information previously given (positive, negative, or mixed aspects) or on irrelevant information. Participants were asked to rate their anticipated likelihood of accepting treatment before and after the experimental intervention.

Results

The rating of acceptance of treatment was significantly increased by positive focussing; negative focussing did not significantly alter the decision rating.

Conclusions

The results partially replicate similar studies in health screening decisions. Reasons for the differences in results from those obtained in screening studies are considered. It is suggested that negative focussing may have less effect in decisions in which there are few risks.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Decision‐making in the context of health behaviour change has been widely described, but there are few experimental studies testing hypothesised strategies.

‘Non‐directiveness’ is often regarded as desirable because it supposedly allows exploration of the decision without influencing it.

Previous studies on health screening (but not treatment) have shown that health decision outcomes can be systematically influenced by the way in which a ‘non‐directive’ intervention is implemented.

This can be accounted for by a modified subjective expected utility theory previously applied to both health screening and child vaccination decisions.

What does this study add?

The hypothetical decision about whether or not, in future, to take statins for elevated cholesterol levels was influenced by positive but not by negative focussing.

Results were consistent with the theoretical framework.

This study extends previous work on influences on the decision to undertake health screening and vaccination to treatment offered as secondary prevention.

‘Non‐directive’ approaches to helping facilitate decisions can modify those decisions, and as such cannot be regarded as non‐directive.
Why is Your Team More Creative Than Mine? The Influence of Shared Mental Models on Intra‐group Conflict, Team Creativity and Effectiveness
Authors: Santos Catarina Marques , Uitdewilligen Sjir , Passos Ana Margarida
Published: August 2015

In competitive and dynamic contexts team members need to be creative to ensure that teams achieve high levels of performance and feel satisfied with their work. At the same time, team members need to have a shared understanding regarding relevant aspects related to task accomplishment and team interaction. In this study we investigate the mediating mechanisms of intra‐group conflict and creativity in the relationship between shared mental models and team effectiveness (team performance and satisfaction). We tested our model in a sample of 161 teams (735 individuals) performing in a management simulation. We collected data at three time points. Our results suggest that high shared mental models are related to low levels of intra‐group conflict, foster creativity, and in turn improve team performance and satisfaction. These findings contribute to a scarce thematic – the relationship between shared mental models and creativity – emphasizing the importance of a shared understanding for creativity and team effectiveness.
The Rise and Stall of Canada's Gender‐Equity Revolution
Authors: Guppy Neil , Luongo Nicole
Published: August 2015

The growing symmetry in gender roles is a revolutionary change as consequential as technological advances and globalization. We illustrate how the social world in Canada has changed for women and men over the course of the last century, both in terms of greater gender equity and of policies supporting equity. However, some of the significant changes that occurred in the last 100 years have recently stalled, while the overall progress has been uneven for certain subgroups. We suggest reasons for both the stalling and the unevenness and make policy recommendations for reigniting the march to enhanced equality between the sexes.

La symétrie croissante des rôles liés aux identités sexuelles constitue un changement révolutionnaire, dont les conséquences sont aussi puissantes que celles dues aux avancées technologiques et à la globalisation. Nous démontrons comment la sphère sociale canadienne a changé pour la femme et pour l'homme durant le dernier siècle, tant au niveau de l’égalité des sexes qu'au niveau des politiques qui soutiennent cette égalité. Toutefois, certains des changements importants qui ont eu lieu durant le dernier siècle ont connu une récente stagnation, et certains changements n'ont pas été appliqués avec le même effort dans tous les groupes sociaux. Nous proposons des explications pour cette stagnation et pour ces inégalités, tout en suggérant des améliorations politiques qui viseront à relancer la progression vers une égalité complète entre hommes et femmes.
Distal Communication by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for Common Ground?
Authors: Leavens David A. , Reamer Lisa A. , Mareno Mary Catherine , Russell Jamie L. , Wilson Daniel , Schapiro Steven J. , Hopkins William D.
Published: August 2015

van der Goot et al. (2014) proposed that distal, deictic communication indexed the appreciation of the psychological state of a common ground between a signaler and a receiver. In their study, great apes did not signal distally, which they construed as evidence for the human uniqueness of a sense of common ground. This study exposed 166 chimpanzees to food and an experimenter, at an angular displacement, to ask, “Do chimpanzees display distal communication?” Apes were categorized as (a) proximal or (b) distal signalers on each of four trials. The number of chimpanzees who communicated proximally did not statistically differ from the number who signaled distally. Therefore, contrary to the claim by van der Goot et al., apes do communicate distally.
Effortful Control Predicts Adolescent Antisocial‐Aggressive Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms: Co‐Occurrence and Moderation by Impulsivity
Authors: Wang Frances L. , Chassin Laurie , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L.
Published: August 2015

Effortful control is associated with fewer aggressive‐antisocial behaviors (AAB) and depressive symptoms (DEP), but impulsivity may moderate these relations. However, few researchers have considered the effects of AAB‐DEP co‐occurrence. A multi‐informant, multimethod approach assessed 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds’ effortful control and impulsivity and, 5–6 years later, their AAB and DEP (N = 474). Participants were non‐Hispanic Caucasian (59.2%) or Hispanic (27.9%) from a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. Low effortful control predicted pure AAB. Low effortful control and low impulsivity predicted pure DEP and co‐occurring AAB‐DEP. An effortful Control × Impulsivity × Age interaction predicted pure AAB and co‐occurring AAB‐DEP. For older adolescents, lower effortful control predicted more symptoms only at average and high impulsivity. Results highlight multiple pathways to pure DEP versus pure AAB or co‐occurring AAB‐DEP.
Facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIg) therapy – practical considerations
Authors: Ponsford M , Carne E , Kingdon C , Joyce C , Price C , Williams C , El-Shanawany T , Williams P , Jolles S
Published: August 2015

There is an increasing range of therapeutic options for primary antibody-deficient patients who require replacement immunoglobulin. These include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), rapid push SCIg and most recently recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated SCIg (fSCIg). Advantages of fSCIg include fewer needle punctures, longer infusion intervals and an improved adverse effect profile relative to IVIg. Limited real-life experience exists concerning the practical aspects of switching or starting patients on fSCIg. We describe the first 14 patients who have been treated with fSCIg at the Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales (ICW), representing more than 6 patient-years of experience. The regimen was well tolerated, with high levels of satisfaction and no increase in training requirement, including for a treatment-naive patient. Two patients discontinued fSCIg due to pain and swelling at the infusion site, and one paused therapy following post-infusion migraines. Ultrasound imaging of paired conventional and facilitated SCIg demonstrated clear differences in subcutaneous space distribution associated with a 10-fold increase in rate and volume delivery with fSCIg. Patient profiles for those choosing fSCIg fell into two main categories: those experiencing clinical problems with their current treatment and those seeking greater convenience and flexibility. When introducing fSCIg, consideration of the type and programming of infusion pump, needle gauge and length, infusion site, up-dosing schedule, home training and patient information are important, as these may differ from conventional SCIg. This paper provides guidance on practical aspects of the administration, training and outcomes to help inform decision-making for this new treatment modality.
Non‐truncating LIFR mutation: causal for prominent congenital pain insensitivity phenotype with progressive vertebral destruction?
Authors: Elsaid M.F. , Chalhoub N. , Kamel H. , Ehlayel M. , Ibrahim N. , Elsaid A. , Kumar P. , Khalak H. , Ilyin V.A. , Suhre K. , Abdel Aleem A.
Published: August 2015

We present a Qatari family with two children who displayed a characteristic phenotype of congenital marked pain insensitivity with hypohidrosis and progressive aseptic destruction of joints and vertebrae resembling that of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs). The patients, aged 10 and 14, remained of uncertain genetic diagnosis until whole genome sequencing was pursued. Genome sequencing identified a novel homozygous C65S mutation in the LIFR gene that is predicted to markedly destabilize and alter the structure of a particular domain and consequently to affect the functionality of the whole multi‐domain LIFR protein. The C65S mutant LIFR showed altered glycosylation and an elevated expression level that might be attributed to a slow turnover of the mutant form. LIFR mutations have been reported in Stüve–Wiedemann syndrome (SWS), a severe autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia often resulting in early death. Our patients share some clinical features of rare cases of SWS long‐term survivors; however, they also phenocopy HSAN due to the marked pain insensitivity phenotype and progressive bone destruction. Screening for LIFR mutations might be warranted in genetically unresolved HSAN phenotypes.
Brain and behavioral inhibitory control of kindergartners facing negative emotions
Authors: Farbiash Tali , Berger Andrea
Published: August 2015

Inhibitory control (IC) – one of the most critical functions underlying a child's ability to self‐regulate – develops significantly throughout the kindergarten years. Experiencing negative emotions imposes challenges on executive functioning and may specifically affect IC. In this study, we examined kindergartners' IC and its related brain activity during a negative emotional situation: 58 children (aged 5.5–6.5 years) performed an emotion‐induction Go/NoGo task. During this task, we recorded children's performance and brain activity, focusing on the fronto‐central N2 component in the event‐related potential (ERP) and the power of its underlying theta frequency. Compared to Go trials, inhibition of NoGo trials was associated with larger N2 amplitudes and theta power. The negative emotional experience resulted in better IC performance and, at the brain level, in larger theta power. Source localization of this effect showed that the brain activity related to IC during the negative emotional experience was principally generated in the posterior frontal regions. Furthermore, the band power measure was found to be a more sensitive index for children's inhibitory processes than N2 amplitudes. This is the first study to focus on kindergartners' IC while manipulating their emotional experience to induce negative emotions. Our findings suggest that a kindergartner's experience of negative emotion can result in improved IC and increases in associated aspects of brain activity. Our results also suggest the utility of time‐frequency analyses in the study of brain processes associated with response inhibition in young children.
Family preferences for home or hospital care at diagnosis for children with diabetes in the DECIDE study
Authors: Morgan‐Trimmer S. , Channon S. , Gregory J. W. , Townson J. , Lowes L.
Published: August 2015

Aims

A diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in childhood can be a difficult life event for children and families. For children who are not severely ill, initial home rather than hospital‐based care at diagnosis is an option although there is little research on which is preferable. Practice varies widely, with long hospital stays in some countries and predominantly home‐based care in others. This article reports on the comparative acceptability and experience of children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents taking part in the DECIDE study evaluating outcomes of home or hospital‐based treatment from diagnosis in the UK.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with 11 (pairs of) parents and seven children were conducted between 15 and 20 months post diagnosis. Interviewees were asked about adaptation to, management and impact of the diabetes diagnosis, and their experience of initial post‐diagnosis treatment.

Results

There were no differences between trial arms in adaptation to, management of or impact of diabetes. Most interviewees wanted to be randomized to the ‘home’ arm initially but expressed a retrospective preference for whichever trial arm they had been in, and cited benefits relating to learning about diabetes management.

Conclusions

The setting for early treatment did not appear to have a differential impact on families in the long term. However, the data presented here describe different experiences of early treatment settings from the perspective of children and their families, and factors that influenced how families felt initially about treatment setting. Further research could investigate the short‐term benefits of both settings.
Your ticket to independence: a guide to getting your first Principal Investigator position
Authors: Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra , Letzkus Johannes J. , Mameli Manuel , Ribeiro Carlos
Published: August 2015

The transition to scientific independence as a principal investigator (PI) can seem like a daunting and mysterious process to postdocs and students ‐ something that many aspire to while at the same time wondering how to achieve this goal and what being a PI really entails. The FENS Kavli Network of Excellence (FKNE) is a group of young faculty who have recently completed this step in various fields of neuroscience across Europe. In a series of opinion pieces from FKNE scholars, we aim to demystify this process and to offer the next generation of up‐and‐coming PIs some advice and personal perspectives on the transition to independence, starting here with guidance on how to get hired to your first PI position. Rather than providing an exhaustive overview of all facets of the hiring process, we focus on a few key aspects that we have learned to appreciate in the quest for our own labs: What makes a research programme exciting and successful? How can you identify great places to apply to and make sure your application stands out? What are the key objectives for the job talk and the interview? How do you negotiate your position? And finally, how do you decide on a host institute that lets you develop both scientifically and personally in your new role as head of a lab?
Geometry‐coupled reactive fluid transport at the fracture scale: application toCO2geologic storage
Authors: Kim S. , Santamarina J. C.
Published: August 2015

Water acidification followsCO2injection and leads to reactive fluid transport through pores and rock fractures, with potential implications to reservoirs and wells inCO2geologic storage and enhanced oil recovery. Kinetic rate laws for dissolution reactions in calcite and anorthite are combined with the Navier‐Stokes law and advection–diffusion transport to perform geometry‐coupled numerical simulations in order to study the evolution of chemical reactions, species concentration, and fracture morphology. Results are summarized as a function of two dimensionless parameters: the Damköhler numberDawhich is the ratio between advection and reaction times, and the transverse Peclet numberPedefined as the ratio between the time for diffusion across the fracture and the time for advection along the fracture. Reactant species are readily consumed near the inlet in a carbonate reservoir when the flow velocity is low (low transverse Peclet number andDa > 10−1). At high flow velocities, diffusion fails to homogenize the concentration field across the fracture (high transverse Peclet numberPe > 10−1). When the reaction rate is low as in anorthite reservoirs (Da < 10−1), reactant species are more readily transported toward the outlet. At a given Peclet number, a lower Damköhler number causes the flow channel to experience a more uniform aperture enlargement along the length of the fracture. When the length‐to‐aperture ratio is sufficiently large, sayl/d > 30, the system response resembles the solution for 1D reactive fluid transport. A decreased length‐to‐aperture ratio slows the diffusive transport of reactant species to the mineral fracture surface, and analyses of fracture networks must take into consideration both the length and slenderness of individual fractures in addition toPeandDanumbers.
The Financial Crisis and Varieties of Pension Privatization Reversals in Eastern Europe
Authors: Naczyk Marek , Domonkos Stefan
Published: August 2015

Since the global financial crisis, those East European countries that had partly privatized their pension systems in the 1990s or early 2000s increasingly scaled back their mandatory private retirement accounts and restored the role of public provision. What explains this wave of reversals in pension privatization and variation in its outcomes? Proponents of pension privatization had argued that it would boost domestic capital markets and economic growth. By revealing how pension privatization helped increase sovereign debt and how large a part of pension funds' assets was invested in government bonds, the crisis strengthened the position of domestic opponents of mandatory private accounts. But these actors' capacity and determination to reverse pension privatization depended on the level of their country's public debt and on pension funds' portfolio structure. Empirically, the argument is supported with case studies of Hungarian, Polish, and Slovak pension reform.
Liver regeneration after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Arakawa Yusuke , Iwahashi Shuichi , Saito Yu , Yoshikawa Masato , Teraoku Hiroki , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: August 2015

Aim

Splenectomy is a well‐known procedure to improve thrombocytopenia and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the effect of splenectomy on liver regeneration remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of splenectomy on liver regeneration.

Methods

Twenty patients with LC who underwent splenectomy were included in this study. Liver and splenic volumes were measured by a 3‐D simulation imaging system. Liver volume (LV) and clinicopathological data were compared before and 6 months after splenectomy. Thereafter, patients were divided into two groups: the elevated LV group and the reduced LV group. Patient characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results

Postoperative LV was increased in 14 patients compared with the preoperative state. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, total bilirubin and prothrombin time were improved after splenectomy. In the elevated LV group, four patients exhibited improved Child–Pugh grades after splenectomy, whereas no patients demonstrated improvement in the reduced LV group. The elevated LV group exhibited high albumin level, good indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min and large splenic volume compared with the same measurements in the decreased group. Patients with larger spleen volumes and higher albumin values before splenectomy showed increased rates of LV after splenectomy.

Conclusion

Splenectomy for patients with LC improved pancytopenia and liver function. Especially, in patients with large spleen and high albumin levels, considerable increases in LV and improved liver function were observed.
A Comparative Analysis of Graduate Employment Prospects in European Labour Markets: A Study of Graduate Recruitment in Four Countries
Authors: Branine Mohamed , Avramenko Alex
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of higher education and the graduate labour markets in selected European countries (France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) in the context of the expectations of graduates and prospective employers, and respective recruitment and selection practices. Expectations of graduating students from a number of European collaborating universities are sought and analysed in order to find out about a match between the knowledge and skills of graduates and the needs of European employers. The study examines the process of graduate recruitment, employee and employer expectations, and the role of higher education institutions in meeting such expectations. Primary data was gathered from 252 employers and 485 final year (graduating) students through the use of questionnaires. The analysis of the data collected has revealed different approaches to but similar methods of graduate recruitment between the four countries. Despite the current differences in higher education systems and labour market trends, the expectations of employers and graduating students are more similar than different. It is concluded that EU graduates will have good employment prospects in an integrated labour market.
Industrial relations and the management of whistleblowing after the Francis report: what can be learned from the evidence?
Authors: Lewis David , D'Angelo Alessio , Clarke Lisa
Published: August 2015

This article focuses on the results obtained from the quantitative surveys conducted for the independent review into creating an open and honest report culture in the NHS. It examines the management of whistleblowing and discusses the research findings in the light of the recommendations made by Sir Robert Francis QC in his ‘Freedom to Speak Up’ report published in February 2015. The authors believe that the principles and actions set out in this report and the detailed Annexe describing various aspects of good practice are generally applicable in both the public and private sectors. In so far as it provides evidence that those who follow their employer's procedure when raising a concern have better outcomes than others, the authors conclude that the quantitative research for Francis is consistent with other findings that power resources and institutional arrangements can be critical to the whistleblowing process.
States as Gender Equality Activists: The Evolution of Quota Laws in Latin America
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M.
Published: August 2015

This article examines two decades of strengthening, expansion, and diffusion of gender quota laws in Latin America. The analysis departs from studies of quotas' adoption, numerical effectiveness, or policy impacts, instead focusing on states' use of coercive power to integrate women into public and private institutions. Viewing these policies in light of feminist theories of the poststructuralist state reveals how state institutions act to restructure government and promote gender equality. In building this argument, the article presents an up-to-date empirical survey and conceptual understanding of quota evolution in Latin America, including recent developments in countries such as Chile, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uruguay.
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Are Associated With Hypertension in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Azancot Maria A. , Ramos Natalia , Torres Irina B. , García‐Carro Clara , Romero Katheryne , Espinel Eugenia , Moreso Francesc , Seron Daniel
Published: August 2015

The aim of the current study was to evaluate risk factors associated with hypertension in kidney transplant recipients. The authors recruited 92 consecutive kidney transplant recipients and 30 age‐matched patients with chronic kidney disease without history of cardiovascular events. Twenty‐four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, pulse wave velocity, and carotid ultrasound were performed. Serum levels of log‐transformed interleukin 6 (Log IL‐6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were determined. Twenty‐four–hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=.0001), Log IL‐6 (P=.011), and total number of carotid plaques (P=.013) were higher, while the percentage decline of SBP from day to night was lower in kidney transplant recipients (P=.003). Independent predictors of 24‐hour SBP were urinary protein/creatinine ratio and circulating monocytes (P=.001), while Log IL‐6, serum creatinine, and total number of carotid plaques (P=.0001) were independent predictors of percentage decline of SBP from day to night. These results suggest that subclinical atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation are associated with hypertension after transplantation.
Nitric Oxide Contributes to Vasomotor Tone in Hypertensive African Americans Treated With Nebivolol and Metoprolol
Authors: Neuman Robert B. , Hayek Salim S. , Poole Joseph C. , Rahman Ayaz , Menon Vivek , Kavtaradze Nino , Polhemus David , Veledar Emir , Lefer David J. , Quyyumi Arshed A.
Published: August 2015

Endothelial dysfunction is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs) compared with whites. The authors hypothesized that nebivolol, a selective β1‐antagonist that stimulates nitric oxide (NO), will improve endothelial function in AAs with hypertension when compared with metoprolol. In a double‐blind, randomized, crossover study, 19 AA hypertensive patients were randomized to a 12‐week treatment period with either nebivolol 10 mg or metoprolol succinate 100 mg daily. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using plethysmography at rest and after intra‐arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside to estimate endothelium‐dependent and independent vasodilation, respectively. Physiologic vasodilation was assessed during hand‐grip exercise. Measurements were repeated after NO blockade with L‐NG‐monomethylarginine (L‐NMMA) and after inhibition of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). NO blockade with L‐NMMA produced a trend toward greater vasoconstriction during nebivolol compared with metoprolol treatment (21% vs 12% reduction in FBF, P=.06, respectively). This difference was more significant after combined administration of L‐NMMA and TEA (P<.001). Similarly, there was a contribution of NO to exercise‐induced vasodilation during nebivolol but not during metoprolol treatment. There were significantly greater contributions of NO and EDHF to resting vasodilator tone and of NO to exercise‐induced vasodilation with nebivolol compared with metoprolol in AAs with hypertension.
Nursing Needs Big Data and Big Data Needs Nursing
Authors: Brennan Patricia Flatley , Bakken Suzanne
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Contemporary big data initiatives in health care will benefit from greater integration with nursing science and nursing practice; in turn, nursing science and nursing practice has much to gain from the data science initiatives. Big data arises secondary to scholarly inquiry (e.g., ‐omics) and everyday observations like cardiac flow sensors or Twitter feeds. Data science methods that are emerging ensure that these data be leveraged to improve patient care.

Organizing Construct

Big data encompasses data that exceed human comprehension, that exist at a volume unmanageable by standard computer systems, that arrive at a velocity not under the control of the investigator and possess a level of imprecision not found in traditional inquiry. Data science methods are emerging to manage and gain insights from big data.

Methods

The primary methods included investigation of emerging federal big data initiatives, and exploration of exemplars from nursing informatics research to benchmark where nursing is already poised to participate in the big data revolution. We provide observations and reflections on experiences in the emerging big data initiatives.

Conclusions

Existing approaches to large data set analysis provide a necessary but not sufficient foundation for nursing to participate in the big data revolution. Nursing's Social Policy Statement guides a principled, ethical perspective on big data and data science. There are implications for basic and advanced practice clinical nurses in practice, for the nurse scientist who collaborates with data scientists, and for the nurse data scientist.

Clinical Relevance

Big data and data science has the potential to provide greater richness in understanding patient phenomena and in tailoring interventional strategies that are personalized to the patient.
Rhetorical Analysis of Resistance to Environmentalism As Enactment of Morality Play between Social and Ecological Well‐Being
Authors: Amos Clinton , Spears Nancy , Pentina Iryna
Published: August 2015

Well‐being is a goal pursued by many consumer resistance movements. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the rhetorical appeals and techniques utilized by the Resisting the Green Dragon (RGD) movement that employs the value of social well‐being to oppose environmentalism. We integrate prominent consumer resistance discourses and religiously charged nationalistic mythical narratives to interpret theRGDphenomenon using rhetorical analysis. The authors examine the rhetorical structure of theRGD YouTubecampaign designed to activate resistance to environmentalism. Results indicate that theRGDcampaign portrays environmentalists as morally bankrupt individuals surreptitiously limiting the freedom of all‐too‐willing mainstream consumers. The results further suggest that theRGDcampaign positions environmentalism as an anti‐Christian and un‐American phenomenon that sacrifices social well‐being for ecological well‐being. The foundations of theRGD's view are elaborated on and implications are discussed.
Removal of oesophageal foreign bodies: comparison between oesophagoscopy and oesophagotomy in 39 dogs
Authors: Deroy C. , Corcuff J. Benoit , Billen F. , Hamaide A.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVES

To compare complication rates and outcomes after removal of oesophageal foreign bodies by endoscopy or by oesophagotomy.

METHODS

Retrospective evaluation of medical records of dogs with oesophageal foreign bodies treated by endoscopy and/or oesophagotomy. Postoperative clinical signs, management, length of hospitalisation, type and rate of complications, and time interval to return to eating conventional diet were compared.

RESULTS

Thirty‐nine dogs diagnosed with oesophageal foreign bodies between 1999 and 2011 were included in the study. Most common breeds included West Highland white terrier, Jack Russell terrier and shih‐tzu. Successful endoscopic removal was possible in 24 out of 32 cases (Group 1), while surgical removal was successful in 15 out of 15 cases (7 of which had unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic removal) (Group 2). Length of hospitalisation, time to removal of gastrostomy tube and time to eat conventional diet did not differ between the groups. After foreign body removal, the incidence of oesophagitis, oesophageal stricture and perforation observed during repeated endoscopy were similar between the groups.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

In this retrospective study, removal of oesophageal foreign bodies either by oesophagoscopy or oesophagotomy had a similar outcome.
Surgical management of canine refractory retrobulbar abscesses: six cases
Authors: Tremolada G. , Milovancev M. , Culp W. T. N. , Bleedorn J. A.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE

To report the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcomes of dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to intra‐oral lancing and antibiotics.

METHODS

Medical records from January 2006 through September 2014 were reviewed and dogs with retrobulbar abscesses failing treatment with antibiotics and intra‐oral lancing were included. Clinicopathologic, imaging and surgical details were extracted from the medical records. Referring veterinarians and owners were interviewed via telephone for follow‐up data.

RESULTS

A total of six dogs were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were pain upon opening of the mouth, exophthalmos and prolapsed nictitans. Computed tomography was performed in five dogs, ultrasound in four and magnetic resonance imaging in one. Imaging identified an abscess in all dogs, with a suspected foreign body in four dogs. Surgical approach was a modified lateral orbitotomy in five dogs. No foreign body was identified during surgery in all dog. All dogs surviving to discharge did not have recurrence of clinical signs (follow‐up time range: 27 to 95 months).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to standard therapy can experience long‐term resolution of clinical signs with surgical treatment, most commonly via a modified lateral orbitotomy.
Microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment: A case study in two rapid radiations of Commiphora (Burseraceae) from Madagascar
Authors: Gostel Morgan R. , Coy Kiera A. , Weeks Andrea
Published: August 2015

Developing effective and cost‐efficient multilocus nuclear datasets for angiosperm species is a continuing challenge to the systematics community. Here we describe the development and validation of a novel set of 91 nuclear markers for PCR‐based target enrichment. Using microfluidic PCR and Illumina MiSeq, we generated nuclear, subgenomic libraries for 96 species simultaneously and sequenced them for a total cost of ca. $6000 USD. Approximately half of these costs include reusable reagents (primers, barcodes, and custom sequencing primers) and taxon sampling could be increased by an order of magnitude to maximize sequencing depth efficiency. The principle benefit of microfluidic PCR over alternative target enrichment strategies is that it bypasses costly library preparation. After sequencing, we evaluated the ability of the loci to resolve species level relationships within two recently radiated lineages of endemic Madagascan Commiphora Jacq. (Burseraceae) species. Our results demonstrate that (i) effective nuclear markers can be designed for non‐model angiosperm taxa from these publicly available datasets; (ii) that microfluidic PCR amplification followed by high throughput sequencing can produce highly complete taxon by locus sequence data matrices with minimal resource investment; and (iii) that these numerous nuclear phylogenomic markers can improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Commiphora. We provide a synopsis of ongoing activities to enhance this microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment strategy through broader primer assays, multiplexing, and increased efficiency of sequencing depth.
Observing offenders: Incident reports by surveillance detectives, uniformed police, and civilians
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Knol Joris W. , van Koppen Peter J.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Police officers often write reports about witnessed incidents, which may serve as evidence in court. We examined whether incident reports and identifications by police officers, and in particular specialized detectives on surveillance teams, are more complete or more accurate than reports and identifications by civilian observers.

Methods

Our sample included 46 civilians, 52 uniformed police officers, and 42 surveillance detectives. Participants viewed a 15‐min video of a drug transaction and were allowed to take notes while watching. Before viewing the video, all participants received a priority list of information considered most relevant to the police investigation, which had been constructed by an expert panel. Subsequently, participants completed a questionnaire addressing different types of crime‐relevant information in the incident. They also viewed target‐present and target‐absent lineups: Two for persons central to the drug transaction and one for a background detail.

Results

Reports of uniformed police officers and detectives on surveillance teams were significantly more complete than reports of civilians, particularly for the top‐three priorities of crime‐relevant information. Moreover, reports by detectives were significantly more accurate than reports by uniformed police officers and civilians. Detectives were also significantly more likely to identify the persons from the lineup, whereas civilians were significantly more likely to identify the background detail.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that police officers, and in particular specialized detectives on surveillance teams, are more observant of the crime‐relevant aspects of an incident than civilian observers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 101
Authors: Ruzicka Alex , Grossman Jeffrey , Bouvier Audrey , Herd Christopher D. K. , Agee Carl B.
Published: August 2015

Meteoritical Bulletin 101 contains 2639 meteorites accepted by the Nomenclature Committee in 2012, including 1 fall (Battle Mountain), with 2308 ordinary chondrites, 156 carbonaceous chondrites, 63 HED achondrites, 17 relict meteorites, 16 Rumuruti chondrites, 15 enstatite chondrites, 15 ureilites, 10 iron meteorites, 9 lunar meteorites, 9 primitive achondrites, 8 ungrouped achondrites, 7 mesosiderites, 4 Martian meteorites, and 2 Pallasites, and with 1812 from Antarctica, 437 from Asia, 301 from Africa, 43 from South America, 21 from Europe (including Russia), 21 from North America, 3 from Oceania, and 1 from unknown. Information about approved meteorites can be obtained from the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (MBD) available on line at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/.
Bottom–up and top–down effects on plant communities: nutrients limit productivity, but insects determine diversity and composition
Authors: Souza Lara , Zelikova Tamara Jane , Sanders Nathan J.
Published: August 2015

Top–down effects of herbivores and bottom–up effects of nutrients shape productivity and diversity across ecosystems, yet their single and combined effects on spatial and temporal beta diversity is unknown. We established a field experiment in which the abundance of insect herbivores (top–down) and soil nitrogen (bottom–up) were manipulated over six years in an existing old‐field community. We tracked plant α and β diversity – within plot richness and among plot biodiversity‐ and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) over the course of the experiment. We found that bottom–up factors affected ANPP while top–down factors influenced plant community structure. Across years, while N reduction lowered ANPP by 10%, N reduction did not alter ANPP relative to control plots. Further, N reduction lowered ANPP by 20% relative to N addition plots. On the other hand, the reduction of insect herbivores did not alter plant richness (α diversity) yet consistently promoted Shannon's evenness, relative to plots where insect herbivores were present. Further, insect herbivores promoted spatial‐temporal β diversity. Overall, we found that the relative importance of top–down and bottom–up controls of plant ANPP, plant α diversity, and composition (β diversity) can vary significantly in magnitude and direction. In addition, their effects varied through time, with bottom–up effects influencing ANPP quickly while the effects of top–down factors emerging only late in the experiment to influence plant community composition via shifts in plant dominance.
Contrasting metacommunity structure and beta diversity in an aquatic‐floodplain system
Authors: Tonkin Jonathan D. , Stoll Stefan , Jähnig Sonja C. , Haase Peter
Published: August 2015

Habitat connectivity and dispersal interact to structure metacommunities, but few studies have examined these patterns jointly for organisms across the aquatic–terrestrial ecotone. We assessed metacommunity structure and beta diversity patterns of instream benthic invertebrates, riparian carabid beetles (Order: Coleoptera; Family: Carabidae) and riparian spiders (Order: Araneae) at fifteen sites in a river‐floodplain system. Sampling took place over a three‐year period (2010–2012) in the Rhine‐Main‐Observatory LTER site on the Kinzig River, central Germany. This allowed disentangling the combined influence, and temporal variability, of habitat connectivity (i.e. between aquatic and terrestrial) and dispersal ability (i.e. between spiders and beetles, and aerial and aquatic dispersing invertebrates) on the dominant paradigms structuring these metacommunities. We found mostly consistent differences in the manner that metacommunities were structured between groups, with lower levels of variability explained for beetles compared to the other groups. Beetles were consistently structured more by turnover than nestedness components, with greater beta diversity than expected by chance and a minor spatial compared to environmental signal emerging with variance partitioning. Conversely, spiders and benthic invertebrates had lower beta diversity and greater nestedness than null expectation, and a clearer spatial signal controlling metacommunity structure. Our results suggest varying levels of mass effects and species sorting shape river‐floodplain metacommunities, depending on habitat connectivity and dispersal ability. That is, greater connectivity and lower fragmentation along the river compared to the terrestrial zone promoted mass effects, and differences in overall dispersal ability and mode (i.e. active and passive) for instream and riparian communities shifted paradigms between mass effects and species sorting.
Sudden and Fatal Malfunction of a Durata Defibrillator Lead due to External Insulation Failure
Authors: SHAH ANAND D. , HIRSH DAVID S. , LANGBERG JONATHAN J.
Published: August 2015

Defibrillator lead malfunction can be a disastrous complication, leading to loss of protection from sudden cardiac death in a high‐risk patient population. Recognition of lead‐specific risk for failure can assist in development of focused screening or surveillance, as in the case of the Riata lead (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) or the Sprint Fidelis lead (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). A case of defibrillation failure secondary to a Durata lead insulation failure is presented. A brief review of the literature and current St. Jude Medical implantable cardiac defibrillator lead design is presented. Identification of arcing is identified as a potential sign of catastrophic insulation failure.
EAACI position paper for practical patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis in children
Authors: de Waard‐van der Spek Flora B. , Darsow Ulf , Mortz Charlotte G. , Orton David , Worm Margitta , Muraro Antonella , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Grimalt Ramon , Spiewak Radoslaw , Rudzeviciene Odilija , Flohr Carsten , Halken Susanne , Fiocchi Alessandro , Borrego Luis Miguel , Oranje Arnold P.
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children appears to be on the increase, and contact sensitization may already begin in infancy. The diagnosis of contact dermatitis requires a careful evaluation of a patient's clinical history, physical examination, and skin testing. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test.

Methods

Based on consensus, the EAACI Task Force on Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children produced this document to provide details on clinical aspects, the standardization of patch test methodology, and suggestions for future research in the field.

Results

We provide a baseline list of test allergens to be tested in children with suspected ACD. Additional tests should be performed only on specific indications.
Reasons Wrong and Right
Authors: Sharadin Nathaniel
Published: August 2015

The fact that someone is generous is a reason to admire them. The fact that someone will pay you to admire them is also a reason to admire them. But there is a difference in kind between these two reasons: the former seems to be the ‘right’ kind of reason to admire, whereas the latter seems to be the ‘wrong’ kind of reason to admire. The Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem is the problem of explaining the difference between the ‘right’ and the ‘wrong’ kind of reasons wherever it appears. In this article I argue that two recent proposals for solving the Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem do not work. I then offer an alternative solution that provides a unified, systematic explanation of the difference between the two kinds of reasons.
Pediatric myositis ossificans mimicking osteosarcoma
Authors: Yamaga Kensaku , Kobayashi Eisuke , Kubota Daisuke , Setsu Nokitaka , Tanaka Yuya , Minami Yusuke , Tanzawa Yoshikazu , Nakatani Fumihiko , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu
Published: August 2015

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare benign cause of heterotopic bone formation in soft tissue that most commonly affects young adults, typically following trauma. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl who developed MO mimicking osteosarcoma in her right shoulder. Plain radiography and computed tomography showed poorly defined flocculated densities in the soft tissue and a periosteal reaction along the proximal humerus. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass displayed an ill‐defined margin and inhomogeneous signal change. Histologically, the mass had a pseudosarcomatous appearance. Based on these findings, the patient was initially misdiagnosed with osteosarcoma at another hospital. The diagnosis was difficult because the patient was 11 years old and had no trauma history, with atypical radiographic changes and a predilection for the site of origin for osteosarcomas. We finally made the correct diagnosis of MO by carefully reviewing and reflecting on the pathological differences between stages.
Full circle: Resolving an adolescent's end‐of‐life issues
Authors: Abd Rahman Fairuz Nazri , Lee Voon Yee , Shamsuddin Ahmad Faizal , Yaakup Hayati
Published: August 2015

We report the challenges in managing a troubled, medically ill adolescent with end‐of‐life issues. Our role as multi‐professional service providers complemented the family's efforts to help him reconcile with himself before death. The present experience enhances understanding of the biopsychosocial aspects of care. Every child has the right to optimal care.