bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panamá: la brecha digital en las noticias
Authors: Urribarri Raisa
Published: July 2021

En esta ponencia presentamos los resultados de una investigación documental sobre la cobertura que hicieron los medios de comunicación social de Panamá acerca de la brecha digital durante los seis primeros meses de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19 (marzo-septiembre). Con base en los postulados teóricos de Jan van Dijk, se enmarca la brecha digital de acceso dentro del contexto de una sociedad desigual. Se revisa la cobertura de este fenómeno por parte de los medios de comunicación de Panamá con base en dos de los principales criterios que rigen la teoría y la práctica periodística, como son la noticiabilidad y selección de las fuentes noticiosas. El análisis de 144 piezas informativas revela que el descontento expresado por los grupos sociales que tuvieron dificultades para acceder a la educación en línea fue el detonante de una cobertura mediática profusa, pero de poca profundidad explicativa.
Caracterización del modelo de implantación urbana y ocupación del territorio de la antigua Zona del Canal. Caso de estudio Fuerte Clayton
Authors: Arosemena Graciela , Alba Almyr , Stapf María , Carceller Xavier
Published: July 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender la influencia del urbanismo norteamericano en la Zona del Canal, determinar qué procesos de urbanización se dieron y las implicaciones ello tuvo en la salud humana, los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad, a través del caso del Fuerte Clayton. Para ello se identifica la influencia que tuvo el urbanismo higienista norteamericano del siglo XIX sobre el modelo de implantación urbana de la Zona del Canal, e identificar los elementos en común. Y cómo las estrategias de control de las enfermedades transmitidas por los mosquitos se reflejaron en el urbanismo y en el impacto sobre el territorio.

El estudio se basa en la valoración ambiental del Fuerte Clayton, determinado por los dos aspectos fundamentales que definen el impacto ambiental de un asentamiento urbano. El primero la idoneidad de la localización del sitio, y el segundo la estructura urbanística del modelo ciudad que se adopta.

Concluyendo que la localización del Fuerte Clayton desde el punto de vista ambiental y sanitario no fue idóneo, y las tareas continuas de control territorial de los criaderos de mosquito a lo largo del tiempo lo evidencian. De forma que la matriz ecológica del territorio fue alterada con el fin de remediar una ubicación improcedente. Por otro lado la adaptación del trazado urbano a la topografía y el uso sistematizado de drenajes en los poblados y fuertes de la Zona del Canal, fue una práctica usual, con evidentes referencias a los postulados sanitarios del urbanismo del siglo XIX.
Effects of a curriculum integrating critical thinking on medical students’ critical thinking ability in Iran: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Soltani Akbar , Mafinejad Mahboobeh Khabaz , Tajik Maryam , Moosapour Hamideh , Bayat Taha , Mohseni Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Improving physicians’ critical thinking abilities could have meaningful impacts on various aspects of routine medical practice, such as choosing treatment plans, making an accurate diagnosis, and reducing medical errors. The present study aimed to measure the effects of a curriculum integrating critical thinking on medical students’ skills at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Methods: A 1-group pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design was used to assess medical students’ critical thinking abilities as they progressed from the first week of medical school to middle of the third year of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Fifty-six participants completed the California Critical Thinking Skills Test twice from 2016 to 2019.Results: Medical students were asked to complete the California Critical Thinking Skills Test the week before their first educational session. The post-test was conducted 6 weeks after the 2 and half-year program. Out of 91 medical students with a mean age of 20±2.8 years who initially participated in the study, 56 completed both the pre- and post-tests. The response rate of this study was 61.5%. The analysis subscale showed the largest change. Significant changes were found in the analysis (P=0.03), evaluation (P=0.04), and inductive reasoning (P<0.0001) subscales, but not in the inference (P=0.28), and deductive reasoning (P=0.42) subscales. There was no significant difference according to gender (P=0.77).Conclusion: The findings of this study show that a critical thinking program had a substantial effect on medical students’ analysis, inductive reasoning, and evaluation skills, but negligible effects on their inference and deductive reasoning scores.
ANALISIS PERHATIAN ORANG TUA SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Fatmala Shofi , Bintoro Henry Suryo , Ardianti Sekar Dwi
Published: July 2021

online learning, factors that affect parents attention and the role of parents attention to students mathematical comprehention skills. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive data analysis. In this study, it was found that, 1) where most of parents pay attention to stundent, 2) The factors that affect the attention of parents are, (a) the presence of desire / need, (b) strong lack of stimulus, (c) busy activities / work, (d) physical condition, (e) mental and surrounding atmosphere, (f) the educational ability of parents. 3) Students have sufficient mathematical comprehention skills. Parents attention is only one of the factors that affect students mathematical comprehention skills, another factor is the existence of internal factors and external factors.
POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Navida Ilyun , Fakhriyah Fina , Kironoratri Lintang
Published: July 2021

This study aims to explain the role of parenting in improving the learning motivation of grade VI students of SD 1 Rejosari during the pandemic.The research method used is mixed methods research. Data collection techniques include observation,interview and questionnaires,documentation, and the results of fields notes. The data analysis techniques used were interview and questionnaries. The results showed that: (1) parents of subject 1 applied permissive parenting and children’s learning motivation was in the low category, parents of subject 2 applied democratic parenting and children’s learning motivation was in high category, while parents of subject 3 applied permissive parenting and children’s learning motivations falls into the low category. (2) The supporting factors for parenting parents in increasing student motivation during the pandemic are in the form of parental attention in various ways for each child, while the inhibiting factors are parents, activities such as work and children’s conditions such as playing with peers, playing handphone, and, watching tv.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN MELALUI METODE HYPERSCAN PADA SISWA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 2 PALEMBANG
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati
Published: July 2021

The hyper-scan method is one way that instructors employ to help students in class XI improve their reading comprehension. Indeed, many students struggle with reading comprehension. This is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) research comprising two cycles of 4 stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection.  was used to analyze the test data. The result shows the average pre-cycle score was 63.83, the first cycle score was 73.77, and the second cycle score was 84.33. According to the percentage of students who qualify, there has traditionally been an increase. The percentage of completion in pre-cycle tests ranged from 10% to 46.6 percent in the first cycle and up to 90% in the second cycle. As a result, it can be concluded that the hyper-scan method can assist in reading comprehension skills development
APPLYING DLTA STRATEGY ON TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Budiyanto Darmawan , Aprillitzavivayarti Aprillitzavivayarti , Ridho M. Rasyid
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study is to find out whether it is effective or not to teach listening comprehension by using DLTA strategy. Population of this study was the seventh grade students of SMPN 46 Palembang in academic year 2020/2021 with the sample were taken from class VII. 1 consists of 34 students by using cluster random sampling. Method of this study was the pre ­ experimental with pre-test and post-test. The data were obtained by using test in 20 multiple choices. SPSS 17 was used to analyze data and the paired t ­ test was applied. Based on analysis data, the writer found that the mean score in pre-test was 58.38 and in post-test were 72.06. The result of value of t-obtained was 22.476, this score was higher than 2.0345 as its critical value. It means that the null hypothesis (Ha) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (H0) was accepted
Citra Diri Pada Perempuan Berhijab Pengguna Rokok Elektrik
Authors: Mawardah Mutia , Darma Imam Budi
Published: July 2021

Abstract : This study aims to look at the self-image of female adolescents wearing e-cigarette wearing hijab. What factors affect the self-image of women who use e-cigarette wearing hijab, as well as how the self-image of women wearing e-cigarette wearing hijabs. This study uses a qualitative research design and uses a phenomenological approach to be able to see the self-image of women who use e-cigarettes. In this study, researchers used 6 sources. 2 people as research subjects, 2 people as the perpetrator informant and 2 informants know of each subject. The results of this study found that the self-image of the e-cigarette wearing hijab woman who has a self-image that is not much different. The first subject has four self-images, while the second subject also has four self-images from four self-image images. Each description that is owned by the subject is also based on several factors, namely physical condition, family condition, seeking attention, depending on smoking and expectations.

 

Keywords: Self Image, Electric Cigarette, Female Wearing Hijab

 

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui citra diri remaja perempuan berhijab pengguna aktif rokok elektrik. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik, serta bagaimana gambaran citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif serta menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk dapat mengetahui citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan 6 sumber. 2 orang sebagai subjek penelitian, 2 orang sebagai informan pelaku dan 2 orang informan tahu dari masing-masing subjek. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik memiliki citra diri yang tidak jauh berbeda. Subjek pertama memiliki empat citra diri, sementara subjek kedua juga memiliki empat citra diri dari empat gambaran citra diri. Setiap gambaran yang dimiliki oleh subjek juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keadaan fisik, teman sebaya dan kelompok, keadaan keluarga, mencari perhatian, ketergantungan merokok dan harapan.

 

Kata kunci: Citra Diri, Rokok Elektrik, Wanita Berhijab
The Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: July 2021

Let's define $\delta(x) = (\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log \log x-B)$, where $B \approx 0.2614972128$ is the Meissel-Mertens constant. The Robin theorem states that $\delta(x)$ changes sign infinitely often. For $x \geq 2$, Nicolas defined the function $u(x) = \sum_{q > x} \left(\log( \frac{q}{q-1}) - \frac{1}{q} \right)$ and proved that $0 < u(x) \leq \frac{1}{2 \times (x - 1)}$. We define the another function $\varpi(x) = \left(\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log \log \theta(x)-B \right)$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function. Using the Nicolas theorem, we demonstrate that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\varpi(x) > u(x)$ is satisfied for all number $x \geq 3$. Consequently, we show that when the inequality $\varpi(x) \leq 0$ is satisfied for some number $x \geq 3$, then the Riemann Hypothesis should be false. In addition, we know that $\lim_{{x\to \infty }} \varpi(x) = 0$.
Comparative Analysis of Right Ventricle Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Collia Dario , Zovatto Luigino , Tonti Giovanni , Pedrizzetti Gianni
Published: July 2021

The right and left sides of the human heart operate with a common timing and pump the same amount of blood. Therefore, the right ventricle (RV) presents a function that is comparable to the left ventricle (LV) in terms of flow generation; nevertheless, the RV operates against a much lower arterial pressure (afterload) and requires a lower muscular strength. This study compares the fluid dynamics of the normal right and left ventricles to better understand the role of the RV streamlined geometry and provide some physics-based ground for the construction of clinical indicators for the right side. The analysis is performed by image-based direct numerical simulation, using the immersed boundary technique including the simplified models of tricuspid and mitral valves. Results demonstrated that the vortex formation process during early diastole is similar in the two ventricles, then the RV vorticity rapidly dissipates in the subvalvular region while the LV sustains a weak circulatory pattern at the center of the chamber. Afterwards, during the systolic contraction, the RV geometry allows an efficient transfer of mechanical work to the propelled blood; differently from the LV, this work is non-negligible in the global energetic balance. The varying behavior of the RV, from reservoir to conduct, during the different phases of the heartbeat is briefly discussed in conjunction to the development of possible dysfunctions.
The Effects of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand-Binding Peptides on Bone Resorption and Bone Formation
Authors: Rashed Fatma , Kamijyo Shingo , Shimizu Yuri , Hirohashi Yuna , Khan Masud , Sugamori Yasutaka , Murali Ramachandran , Aoki Kazuhiro
Published: July 2021

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptides inhibit bone resorption and were recently shown to activate bone formation. The stimulatory mechanism underlying bone formation associated with these peptides was explained as RANKL-reverse signaling, wherein RANKL molecules on osteoblasts work as receptors to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. However, why RANKL-binding peptides stimulate osteoblast differentiation while osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is well known to bind to RANKL, cannot activate osteoblast differentiation has remained unclear. In this mini-review, we introduce three main issues: (1) The inhibitory effects of two RANKL-binding peptides (W9 and OP3-4) on bone resorption; (2) The stimulatory effects of the RANKL-binding peptides on osteoblast differentiation; and (3) The accumulation and membrane clustering of RANKL molecules at the cell surface of osteoblasts as a potential molecular switch stimulating osteoblast differentiation by RANKL-binding peptides.
Notch Signalling in Breast Development and Cancer
Authors: Edwards Abigail , Brennan Keith
Published: July 2021

The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved developmental signalling pathway, with vital roles in determining cell fate during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signalling has been implicated in many disease pathologies, including cancer. In this review, we will outline the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway. We will also outline the role Notch signalling plays in normal mammary gland development and how Notch signalling is implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. We will cover how Notch signalling controls several different hallmarks of cancer within epithelial cells with sections focussed on its roles in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We will provide evidence for Notch signalling in the breast cancer stem cell phenotype, which also has implications for therapy resistance and disease relapse in breast cancer patients. Finally, we will summarise the developments in therapeutic targeting of Notch signalling, and the pros and cons of this approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
Characterizing the Metabolic and Immune Landscape of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Prognostic Biomarkers Through Omics Data Integration
Authors: Wang Fengjiao , Zhang Yuanfu , Hao Yangyang , Li Xuexin , Qi Yue , Xin Mengyu , Xiao Qifan , Wang Peng
Published: July 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and the advent of multi-omics have provided a solid basis for a systematic understanding of the heterogeneity in cancers. Although numerous studies have revealed the molecular features of NSCLC, it is important to identify and validate the molecular biomarkers related to specific NSCLC phenotypes at single-cell resolution. In this study, we analyzed and validated single-cell RNA-seq data by integrating multi-level omics data to identify key metabolic features and prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC. High-throughput single-cell RNA-seq data, including 4887 cellular gene expression profiles from NSCLC tissues, were analyzed. After pre-processing, the cells were clustered into 12 clusters using the t-SNE clustering algorithm, and the cell types were defined according to the marker genes. Malignant epithelial cells exhibit individual differences in molecular features and intra-tissue metabolic heterogeneity. We found that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolytic pathway activity are major contributors to intra-tissue metabolic heterogeneity of malignant epithelial cells and T cells. Furthermore, we constructed T-cell differentiation trajectories and identified several key genes that regulate the cellular phenotype. By screening for genes associated with T-cell differentiation using the Lasso algorithm and Cox risk regression, we identified four prognostic marker genes for NSCLC. In summary, our study revealed metabolic features and prognostic markers of NSCLC at single-cell resolution, which provides novel findings on molecular biomarkers and signatures of cancers.
Developing Two Rapid Protein Extraction Methods Using Focused-Ultrasonication and Zirconia-Silica Beads for Filamentous Fungi Identification by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Ning Ya-Ting , Yang Wen-Hang , Zhang Wei , Xiao Meng , Wang Yao , Zhang Jing-Jia , Zhang Ge , Duan Si-Meng , Dong Ai-Ying , Guo Da-Wen , Zou Gui-Ling , Wen Hai-Nan , Guo Yan-Yan , Chen Li-Ping , Chai Miao , He Jing-Dong , Duan Qiong , Zhang Li-Xia , Zhang Li , Xu Ying-Chun
Published: July 2021

Filamentous fungi identification by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been challenging due to the lack of simple and rapid protein extraction methods and insufficient species coverage in the database. In this study, we created two rapid protein extraction methods for filamentous fungi: a one-step zirconia-silica beads method (ZSB) and a focused-ultrasonication method (FUS). The identification accuracy of two methods were evaluated with the VITEK MS, as well as number of spectra peaks and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with M-Discover 100 MALDI-TOF MS compared to the routine method. The better method was applied to build a filamentous fungi in-house spectra library for the M-Discover 100 MS, and then another one and routine method were performed in parallel to verify the accuracy and commonality of the in-house library. Using the two optimized methods, the dedicated operating time before MALDI-TOF MS analysis was reduced from 30 min to 7 (ZSB) or 5 (FUS) min per sample, with only a few seconds added for each additional strain. And both two methods identified isolates from most mold types equal to or better than the routine method, and the total correct identification rate using VITEK MS was 79.67, 76.42, and 76.42%, respectively. On the other hand, the two rapid methods generally achieved higher maximum and minimum S/N ratios with these isolates tested as compared to the routine method. Besides, the ZSB method produced overall mean of maximum and minimum S/N ratio higher than that by FUS. An in-house library of M-Discover MS was successfully built from 135 isolates from 42 species belonging to 18 genera using the ZSB method. Analysis of 467 isolates resulted in 97.22% correctly identified isolates to the species level by the ZSB method versus 95.50% by the routine method. The two novel methods are time- and cost-effective and allow efficient identification of filamentous fungi while providing a simplified procedure to build an in-house library. Thus, more clinical laboratories may consider adopting MALDI-TOF MS for filamentous fungi identification in the future.
Crop Area Mapping in Southern and Central Malawi With Google Earth Engine
Authors: Peterson Seth , Husak Greg
Published: July 2021

Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa consists primarily of smallholder farms of rainfed crops. Historically, satellite data were too coarse to account for the heterogeneity in these landscapes. Sentinel-2 data have improved spectral resolution and much higher spatial resolution (10 m) than previously available satellites with global coverage, such as Landsat or MODIS, making mapping smallholder farms possible. Spectral mixture analysis was used to convert the Sentinel-2 signal into fractions of green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil, and shade endmembers. Very high spatial resolution imagery in Google Earth Pro was used to identify locations of crop and natural vegetation classes, with over 20,000 reference points interpreted. The high temporal resolution of Sentinel-2 (5 days repeat) allows for classification of landcover based on the phenological signal, with natural areas having smoothly varying amounts of photosynthetic vegetation annually, while cropped areas show more abrupt changes, and also the presence of bare soil due to agricultural activity at some point during the year. We summarized the endmember values using monthly medians, extracted values for the reference data points, randomly split them into training and test data sets, and input the training data into the random forests algorithm in Google Earth Engine to map crop area. We divided southern and central Malawi into tiles, and found crop/no crop classification accuracies on the test data for each tile to be between 87 and 93%. The 10 m map of crop area was aggregated to the district level and showed an R2 of 0.74 with ground-based statistics from the Malawi government and 0.79 with a remotely sensed product developed by the USGS.
Relaxin Inhibits Ventricular Arrhythmia and Asystole in Rats With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Martin Brian , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Henry Brian L. , Palma Joshua B. , Gabris Beth , Lai Yen-Chun , Hu Jian , Tofovic Stevan P. , Reddy Rajiv P. , Mora Ana L. , Gladwin Mark T. , Romero Guillermo , Salama Guy
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to right ventricular cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunctions where in the clinical setting, cardiac arrest is the likely cause of death, in ~70% of PAH patients. We investigated the cardiac phenotype of PAH hearts and tested the hypothesis that the insulin-like hormone, Relaxin could prevent maladaptive cardiac remodeling and protect against cardiac dysfunctions in a PAH animal model. PAH was induced in rats with sugen (20 mg/kg), hypoxia then normoxia (3-weeks/each); relaxin (RLX = 0, 30 or 400 μg/kg/day, n ≥ 6/group) was delivered subcutaneously (6-weeks) with implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Right ventricle (RV) hemodynamics and Doppler-flow measurements were followed by cardiac isolation, optical mapping, and arrhythmia phenotype. Sugen-hypoxia (SuHx) treated rats developed PAH characterized by higher RV systolic pressures (50 ± 19 vs. 22 ± 5 mmHg), hypertrophy, reduced stroke volume, ventricular fibrillation (VF) (n = 6/11) and bradycardia/arrest (n = 5/11); both cardiac phenotypes were suppressed with dithiothreitol (DTT = 1 mM) (n = 0/2/group) or RLX (low or high dose, n = 0/6/group). PAH hearts developed increased fibrosis that was reversed by RLX-HD, but not RLX-LD. Relaxin decreased Nrf2 and glutathione transferases but not glutathione-reductase. High-dose RLX improved pulmonary arterial compliance (measured by Doppler flow), suppressed VF even after burst-pacing, n = 2/6). Relaxin suppressed VF and asystole through electrical remodeling and by reversing thiol oxidative stress. For the first time, we showed two cardiac phenotypes in PAH animals and their prevention by RLX. Relaxin may modulate maladaptive cardiac remodeling in PAH and protect against arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.
Serpentine (Floating) Ice Channels and their Interaction with Riverbed Permafrost in the Lena River Delta, Russia
Authors: Juhls Bennet , Antonova Sofia , Angelopoulos Michael , Bobrov Nikita , Grigoriev Mikhail , Langer Moritz , Maksimov Georgii , Miesner Frederieke , Overduin Pier Paul
Published: July 2021

Arctic deltas and their river channels are characterized by three components of the cryosphere: snow, river ice, and permafrost, making them especially sensitive to ongoing climate change. Thinning river ice and rising river water temperatures may affect the thermal state of permafrost beneath the riverbed, with consequences for delta hydrology, erosion, and sediment transport. In this study, we use optical and radar remote sensing to map ice frozen to the riverbed (bedfast ice) vs. ice, resting on top of the unfrozen water layer (floating or so-called serpentine ice) within the Arctic’s largest delta, the Lena River Delta. The optical data is used to differentiate elevated floating ice from bedfast ice, which is flooded ice during the spring melt, while radar data is used to differentiate floating from bedfast ice during the winter months. We use numerical modeling and geophysical field surveys to investigate the temperature field and sediment properties beneath the riverbed. Our results show that the serpentine ice identified with both types of remote sensing spatially coincides with the location of thawed riverbed sediment observed with in situ geoelectrical measurements and as simulated with the thermal model. Besides insight into sub-river thermal properties, our study shows the potential of remote sensing for identifying river channels with active sub-ice flow during winter vs. channels, presumably disconnected for winter water flow. Furthermore, our results provide viable information for the summer navigation for shallow-draught vessels.
A Person-Centered Approach for Analyzing Multidimensional Integration in Collaboration Between Educational Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Straub Robin Pascal , Ehmke Timo
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted in the context of a development project for teacher education, establishing a collaborative format called Transdisciplinary Development Teams (TDTs). The aim of this study was to investigate (a) how participating TDT members assess focal dimensions of integration characteristics (DICs) with regard to success factors and challenging aspects. DICs are operationalized as (1a) mutual learning and (1b) knowledge integration, (2a) perceived trustworthiness, and (2b) appreciation within the team, and (3a) collective ownership of goals. In addition, they seek to (b) differentiate the types of actors characterized by particular assessment patterns. The study employs a person-centered approach (cluster analysis) and uses a data corpus with 62 response sets. Subsequently, this study offers a genuine conceptual approach to frame interorganizational collaboration in teacher education. On this basis, empirical insights that provide further practical implications to support future collaboration at the boundary of educational research and practice have been generated.
Uterine Development During Induced Puberty in Girls with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Obara-Moszynska Monika , Dzialach Lukasz , Rabska-Pietrzak Barbara , Niedziela Marek , Kapczuk Karina
Published: July 2021

Objective

Most girls and women with Turner syndrome (TS) require estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to initiate or maintain pubertal development. Most likely, the most fundamental effect of ERT in hypogonadism is the promotion of uterine growth. The optimal ERT model is still being discussed. The present study aimed to assess uterine size in girls with TS in the prepubertal state during and after the induction of puberty and compare it to a healthy population.

Methods

The analysis encompassed 40 TS girls. The prepubertal and postpubertal control groups contained 20 healthy girls each. All patients with TS were treated with 17-ß estradiol. Uterine imaging was performed with two-dimensional (2D) transabdominal ultrasound. The uterine volume (UV) and fundocervical antero-posterior ratio (FCR) were calculated in patients with TS before the pubertal induction, after 6-12 months of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), after ≥ 36 months of ERT or ≥ 12 months after menarche.

Results

The average age of TS patients at estrogen introduction and at the last control visit, when the uterus was considered mature, was 12.9 years and 16.1 years, respectively. The UV in patients with TS at the beginning of ERT was 1.55 ± 1.22 cm3 and was not significantly different from the UV in the prepubertal controls. The mature UV in patients with TS was 31.04 ± 11.78 cm3 and was significantly smaller than the UV of the postpubertal controls (45.68 ± 12.51 cm3, p<0.001). The FCR in girls with TS did not differ significantly from that in the prepubertal and postpubertal control groups, respectively. No prognostic factors could be established for the final UV. By the last control visit, thelarche had advanced in most patients to Tanner 4 and 5 (37.5% and 40%, respectively).

Conclusions

Before the onset of ERT, patients with TS have a uterus similar in size to that in prepubertal healthy girls. Pubertal induction in patients with TS causes a significant increase in the UV that is detectable after 6-12 months of ERT. The mature uterus is smaller in patients with TS than in the age-matched healthy population.
De-Coalizing Rural China: A Critical Examination of the Coal to Clean Heating Project from a Policy Process Perspective
Authors: Hu Zhanping
Published: July 2021

This article critically examines the Coal to Clean Heating Project (CCHP) implemented in rural northern China from a policy process perspective. On the one hand, CCHP is an effective environmental policy that has reduced a large quantity of low quality bulk coal; on the other hand, however, it has created mounting socio-economic and political challenges, pushing the well-intended project into a deep dilemma. Moreover, existent discussions tend to attribute the dilemma to the “inappropriate implementation” of street-level bureaucrats. Through the lens of policy process, this article identifies key features of five critical temporal stages of CCHP: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation, policy evaluation and policy adjustment. It illustrates that the policy process of CCHP has followed a politics-administration-dominated approach characterized by both positive attributes such as rapid resource mobilization and efficient implementation, and negative factors such as deficient policy design, overuse of mandatory instruments, and neglect of social acceptance. The major challenges that CCHP currently faces are identified, and policy implications are proposed based on the insights drawn from the policy process perspective. It concludes by highlighting the complexity of energy transition and the strength of linking energy transition research with a policy process perspective.
Study on Novel Yaw Error Strategy for Wind Turbines Based on a Multi-Body Dynamics Method
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Cai Xin , Xu Bofeng , Li Zhen
Published: July 2021

At present, using structural dynamics models is the most commonly used and effective method to simulate the dynamic characteristics of large wind turbine. This paper used the multi-body dynamics method to construct the precise multi-flexible body dynamics model of a wind turbine coupled with aerodynamics/structure/control. The model can realize multi-disciplinary co-simulation interactions, and the accuracy was verified by comparing the numerical simulation data with the measured data. The allowable yaw error of a wind turbine is typically simplified to two or three fixed values according to the wind speed range, which cannot often adapt to the high and unsteady change characteristics of wind speed and direction under special conditions. In this paper, an accurate calculation method of allowable yaw error threshold based on measured wind speed and the corresponding optimization strategy of large yaw error are proposed, which not only avoid unnecessary shutdown and improve the availability, but also reduce the load of yaw bearing and improve the safety.
Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Ready for Regulatory Approval?
Authors: Brancati Serena , Gozzo Lucia , Longo Laura , Vitale Daniela Cristina , Drago Filippo
Published: July 2021

Despite the availability of a lot of effective disease-modifying drugs, multiple sclerosis (MS) (in particular the progressive forms) still represents an important unmet medical need, because of issues in terms of effectiveness, duration of response, safety, and patient compliance. An increasing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials and real-world data suggest that rituximab is a highly effective alternative in both relapsing and progressive MS, with a low discontinuation rate, related to a good benefit/risk profile, and a good compliance. To date, the use of rituximab in patients with multiple sclerosis is not in accordance with the authorized product information (off-label use). However, the use of this medicine is widespread in several countries, and in some cases, it is the most commonly used disease-modifying drug for MS subtypes. This use could be officially recognized by national regulatory authorities, according to specific procedures, to ensure equal access for patients to a safe and effective option.
The Transcriptome of Paired Major and Minor Salivary Gland Tissue in Patients With Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Verstappen Gwenny M. , Gao Lu , Pringle Sarah , Haacke Erlin A. , van der Vegt Bert , Liefers Silvia C. , Patel Vishal , Hu Yanhua , Mukherjee Sumanta , Carman Julie , Menard Laurence C. , Spijkervet Frederik K. L. , Vissink Arjan , Bootsma Hendrika , Kroese Frans G. M.
Published: July 2021

Background

While all salivary glands (SGs) can be involved in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), their respective role in pathogenesis remains unclear. Our objective was to assess immunopathway activation in paired parotid and labial gland tissue from biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative pSS and non-SS sicca patients.

Methods

Paraffin-embedded, paired parotid and labial salivary gland tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 39 pSS and 20 non-SS sicca patients. RNA was extracted, complementary DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. For analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), patients were subdivided based on fulfillment of ACR-EULAR criteria and histopathology.

Results

With principal component analysis, only biopsy-positive pSS could be separated from non-SS sicca patients based on SG gene expression. When comparing the transcriptome of biopsy-positive pSS and biopsy-negative non-SS sicca patients, 1235 and 624 DEGs (FDR<0.05, log2FC<-1 or >1) were identified for parotid and labial glands, respectively. The number of DEGs between biopsy-negative pSS and non-SS sicca patients was scarce. Overall, transcript expression levels correlated strongly between parotid and labial glands (R2 = 0.86, p-value<0.0001). Gene signatures present in both glands of biopsy-positive pSS patients included IFN-α signaling, IL-12/IL-18 signaling, CD3/CD28 T-cell activation, CD40 signaling in B-cells, DN2 B-cells, and FcRL4+ B-cells. Signature scores varied considerably amongst pSS patients.

Conclusion

Transcriptomes of paired major and minor SGs in pSS were overall comparable, although significant inter-individual heterogeneity in immunopathway activation existed. The SG transcriptome of biopsy-negative pSS was indistinguishable from non-SS sicca patients. Different patterns of SG immunopathway activation in pSS argue for personalized treatment approaches.
The Multiple Roles of the Cytosolic Adapter Proteins ADAP, SKAP1 and SKAP2 for TCR/CD3 -Mediated Signaling Events
Authors: Dadwal Nirdosh , Mix Charlie , Reinhold Annegret , Witte Amelie , Freund Christian , Schraven Burkhart , Kliche Stefanie
Published: July 2021

T cells are the key players of the adaptive immune response. They coordinate the activation of other immune cells and kill malignant and virus-infected cells. For full activation T cells require at least two signals. Signal 1 is induced after recognition of MHC/peptide complexes presented on antigen presenting cells (APCs) by the clonotypic TCR (T-cell receptor)/CD3 complex whereas Signal 2 is mediatedviathe co-stimulatory receptor CD28, which binds to CD80/CD86 molecules that are present on APCs. These signaling events control the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells. In addition, triggering of the TCR/CD3 complex induces the activation of the integrin LFA-1 (leukocyte function associated antigen 1) leading to increased ligand binding (affinity regulation) and LFA-1 clustering (avidity regulation). This process is termed “inside-out signaling”. Subsequently, ligand bound LFA-1 transmits a signal into the T cells (“outside-in signaling”) which enhances T-cell interaction with APCs (adhesion), T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. After triggering of signal transducing receptors, adapter proteins organize the proper processing of membrane proximal and intracellular signals as well as the activation of downstream effector molecules. Adapter proteins are molecules that lack enzymatic or transcriptional activity and are composed of protein-protein and protein-lipid interacting domains/motifs. They organize and assemble macromolecular complexes (signalosomes) in space and time. Here, we review recent findings regarding three cytosolic adapter proteins, ADAP (Adhesion and Degranulation-promoting Adapter Protein), SKAP1 and SKAP2 (Src Kinase Associated Protein 1 and 2) with respect to their role in TCR/CD3-mediated activation, proliferation and integrin regulation.
Molecular Markers of Biogenic and Oil-Derived Hydrocarbons in Deep-Sea Sediments Following the Deepwater Horizon Spill
Authors: Romero Isabel C. , Chanton Jeffrey P. , Brooks Gregg R. , Bosman Samantha , Larson Rebekka A. , Harris Austin , Schwing Patrick , Diercks Arne
Published: July 2021

Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS), the formation of an unexpected and extended sedimentation event of oil-associated marine snow (MOSSFA: Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) demonstrated the importance of biology on the fate of contaminants in the oceans. We used a wide range of compound-specific data (aliphatics, hopanes, steranes, triaromatic steroids, polycyclic aromatics) to chemically characterize the MOSSFA event containing abundant and multiple hydrocarbon sources (e.g., oil residues and phytoplankton). Sediment samples were collected in 2010–2011 (ERMA-NRDA programs: Environmental Response Management Application – Natural Resource Damage Assessment) and 2018 (REDIRECT project: Resuspension, Redistribution and Deposition of Deepwater Horizon recalcitrant hydrocarbons to offshore depocenter) in the northern Gulf of Mexico to assess the role of biogenic and chemical processes on the fate of oil residues in sediments. The chemical data revealed the deposition of the different hydrocarbon mixtures observed in the water column during the DWHOS (e.g., oil slicks, submerged-plumes), defining the chemical signature of MOSSFA relative to where it originated in the water column and its fate in deep-sea sediments. MOSSFA from surface waters covered 90% of the deep-sea area studied and deposited 32% of the total oil residues observed in deep-sea areas after the DWHOS while MOSSFA originated at depth from the submerged plumes covered only 9% of the deep-sea area studied and was responsible for 15% of the total deposition of oil residues. In contrast, MOSSFA originated at depth from the water column covered only 1% of the deep-sea area studied (mostly in close proximity of the DWH wellhead) but was responsible for 53% of the total deposition of oil residues observed after the spill in this area. This study describes, for the first time, a multi-chemical method for the identification of biogenic and oil-derived inputs to deep-sea sediments, critical for improving our understanding of carbon inputs and storage at depth in open ocean systems.
Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mihanović Hrvoje , Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka , Matić Frano , Ljubešić Zrinka , Mauri Elena , Gerin Riccardo , Notarstefano Giulio , Poulain Pierre-Marie
Published: July 2021

The paper aims to describe the preconditioning and observations of exceptionally high salinity values that were observed in summer and autumn of 2017 in the Adriatic. The observations encompassed CTD measurements carried out along the well-surveyed climatological transect in the Middle Adriatic (the Palagruža Sill, 1961–2020), Argo profiling floats and several glider missions, accompanied with satellite altimetry and operational ocean numerical model (Mediterranean Forecasting System) products. Typically, subsurface salinity maximum, with values lower than 39.0, is observed in the Southern Adriatic (usually between 200 and 400 m), related to ingressions of saltier and warmer waters originating in the eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Intermediate Water—LIW). However, seasonally strong inflow of warm and high salinity waters (S > 38.8) has been observed much closer to the surface since spring 2015. The main LIW core deepened at the same time (to 400–700 m). Such double-maxima vertical pattern was eventually disturbed by winter convection at the beginning of 2017, increasing salinities throughout the water column. A new episode of very strong inflow of high salinity waters from the Northern Ionian was observed in late winter and spring of 2017, this time restricted almost to the surface. As most of 2017 was characterized by extremely dry conditions, low riverine inputs and warmer than usual summer over the Adriatic and Northern Ionian, salinity values above the sharp and shallow (15–40 m) thermocline significantly increased. The maximum recorded salinity was 39.26, as measured by the Argo float in the Southern Adriatic. Surface salinity maximum events, but with much lower intensity, have been documented in the past. Both past events and the 2017 event were characterized by (i) concurrence with overall high salinity conditions and cyclonic or transitional phase of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System, (ii) very low river discharges preconditioning the events for a year or more, (iii) higher-than-average heat fluxes during most of the summer and early autumn periods, forming a stable warm layer above the thermocline, and (iv) higher-than-average E-P (evaporation minus precipitation) acting on this warm surface layer. Importantly, the 2017 event was also preceded by strong near-surface inflow of very saline waters from the Northern Ionian in early 2017.
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer
Authors: Lorgen-Ritchie Marlene , Clarkson Michael , Chalmers Lynn , Taylor John F. , Migaud Herve , Martin Samuel A. M.
Published: July 2021

Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One aspect requiring study is the development of microbial communities during this time, especially in RAS systems. Here we analyzed temporal changes in microbiome associated with the intestine in Atlantic salmon during smolt production in a commercial RAS production facility and followed the same cohort of fish post-seawater transfer (SWT), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness showed an increase over time across FW production, but declined sharply and significantly 1-week post-SWT before re-establishing itself with a completely different community structure after 4 weeks. Core microbial taxa could be assigned to three distinct categories; (1) omnipresent, (2) salinity specific, or (3) transient. By including diet and water samples in the analyses, we classified true core taxa associated with the host, those associated with the diet, and transient cores associated with microbial communities in tank water. The rising trend observed in microbial richness in the water may be a consequence of a temporal increase in organic load while dominance of Vibrionaceae may be attributed to the higher temperatures maintained during RAS production and above average natural water temperatures post-SWT. Functional analysis suggests modulation of metabolic pathways post-SWT, but downstream impacts on fish growth and health in a commercial setting remain to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of the interplay between microbial composition and functionality can play a role in optimizing fish performance in tightly regulated RAS production.
Digital Technology-Based Telemedicine for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shen Yu-Ting , Chen Liang , Yue Wen-Wen , Xu Hui-Xiong
Published: July 2021

In the year 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis intersected with the development and maturation of several digital technologies including the internet of things (IoT) with next-generation 5G networks, artificial intelligence (AI) that uses deep learning, big data analytics, and blockchain and robotic technology, which has resulted in an unprecedented opportunity for the progress of telemedicine. Digital technology-based telemedicine platform has currently been established in many countries, incorporated into clinical workflow with four modes, including “many to one” mode, “one to many” mode, “consultation” mode, and “practical operation” mode, and has shown to be feasible, effective, and efficient in sharing epidemiological data, enabling direct interactions among healthcare providers or patients across distance, minimizing the risk of disease infection, improving the quality of patient care, and preserving healthcare resources. In this state-of-the-art review, we gain insight into the potential benefits of demonstrating telemedicine in the context of a huge health crisis by summarizing the literature related to the use of digital technologies in telemedicine applications. We also outline several new strategies for supporting the use of telemedicine at scale.