bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work Weighting Based on User's Browsing History
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka
Published: January 2011

This chapter presents discussion of word weighting algorithms in user modelling and adaptive information systems. We specifically address two types of user interest: (1) broad and consistent interest; and (2) narrow, spot interest. A user’s consistent interests can be modelled utilising the user’s information access history; a user’s spot interests can be determined based on that. We developed a word-weighting algorithm to measure the user’s spot interest. The information access history of a user is represented as a set of words. It is considered to be a user model. This method weights words in a document according to their relevancy to the user model. The relevancy is measured by the biases of co-occurrence, called the Interest Relevance Measure, between a word in a document and words in the user model. The future methodology of word weighting is described herein while demonstrating our approach.
Adaptive Virtual Reality Museums on the Web
Authors: Lepouras George , Vassilakis Costas
Published: January 2011

This chapter presents an architecture for supporting the creation of adaptive virtual reality museums on the Web. It argues whether the task of developing adaptive virtual reality museums is a complex one, presenting key challenges, and should thus be facilitated by means of a supporting architecture and relevant tools. The proposed architecture is flexible enough to cater for a variety of user needs, and modular promoting extensibility, maintainability, and tailorability. Adoption of this architecture will greatly simplify the development of adaptive virtual reality museums, reducing the needed effort to exhibit digitisation and user profile specification; user profiles are further refined dynamically through the user data recorder and the user modelling engine, which provide input for the virtual environment generator.
Proteomics with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Simon , Mungal Salvatore , Haney Richard , Patz Jr. Edward F. , McConnell Patrick
Published: January 2011

This chapter provides a rudimentary review of the field of proteomics as it applies to mass spectrometry, data handling, and analysis. It points out the potential significance of the field suggesting that the study of nuclei acids has its limitations and that the progressive field of proteomics with spectrometry in tandem with transcription studies could potentially elucidate the link between RNA transcription and concomitant protein expression. Furthermore, we describe the fundamentals of proteomics with mass spectrometry and expound the methodology necessary to manage the vast amounts of data generated in order to facilitate statistical analysis. We explore the underlying technologies with the intention to demystify the complexities of the nascent field and to fuel interest by readers in the near future.
Enterprise Systems
Authors: Voges K. E. , Duarte Romero M. F.
Published: January 2011

Well-managed information is the basis of any successful enterprise. The current increase in information management capacity generates opportunities for a new stage of development, making it critical for companies to significantly increase information, intelligence and technology management competences to successfully exploit these new opportunities. However, information technology (IT) development has, in many cases, not been balanced by an enhancement of information management competences within organizations. One way of successfully exploiting opportunities is through the business philosophy of Enterprise Systems (ES), defined as organizational arrangements that combine management science and IT to enhance a company’s decision-making capabilities. ES have helped streamline business processes and improve the overall performance of organizations. This chapter presents an overview of the development of ES from the 1970s to the present day, and presents an S-curve analysis of the diffusion of ES innovations. The sources of ES innovation are then discussed in terms of enablers (technological, entrepreneurial and venture capital) and drivers (developers and innovators). The differences between vendors in terms of their ES solutions are then briefly presented, and the role of ES in creating a competitive advantage is discussed.
Semantics of the MibML Conceptual Modeling Grammar
Authors: Zhang Hong , Kishore Rajiv , Ramesh Ram
Published: January 2011

A conceptual modeling grammar should be based on the theory of ontology and possess clear ontological semantics to represent problem domain knowledge in a precise and consistent manner. In this paper, we follow the notion of ontological expressiveness and conduct an ontological analysis of a newly-developed conceptual modeling grammar termed MibML (Multiagent-based Integrative Business Modeling Language). The grammar is developed to respond to the emerging needs for a special-purpose conceptual modeling grammar for the MIBIS (Multiagent-based Integrative Business Information Systems) universe. We assign ontological semantics to the MibML constructs and their relationship using the BWW (Bunge-Wand-Weber) model. This paper provides a starting point to further develop ontological principles and step-by-step guidelines to ensure the straightforward mapping from domain knowledge into MibML modeling constructs.
UB2SQL
Authors: Mammar Amel
Published: January 2011

UB2SQL is a tool for designing and developing database applications using UML and B formal method. The approach supported by UB2SQL consists of two successive phases. In the first phase, with the design of applications using class, state and collaboration diagrams, B specifications are automatically generated from UML diagrams; the diagrams are then augmented with these B specifications in place. The second phase deals with the refinement of these B specifications into a relational database implementation, for which UML representation is constructed. In both phases, proofs are achieved to ensure correctness of the obtained B specification and correctness of the refinement process. To overcome the lack of rules and tactics in the B prover, UB2SQL defines specific rules and tactics making the proof task seem like a push-button activity. To increase the usability of UB2SQL in both academic and industrial contexts, the tool has been integrated as a plug-in to the Rational Rose CASE tool. Such integration allows users to develop and be able to visualize graphical UML diagrams and formal B notation in a single environment.
WebFINDIT
Authors: Bouguettaya Athman , Malik Zaki , Liu Xumin , Rezgui Abdelmounaam , Korff Lori
Published: January 2011

The ubiquity of the World Wide Web facilitates the deployment of highly distributed applications. The emergence of Web databases and applications has introduced new challenges related to their organization, access, integration, and interoperability. We present a dynamic architecture and system for describing, locating, and accessing data from Web databases and applications. We describe a scalable middleware for efficient data and application access that we have built using the available technologies. The resulting system is called WebFINDIT. It is a scalable and uniform infrastructure for accessing heterogeneous and autonomous databases and applications.
A Socio-Technical Interpretation of IT Convergence Services
Authors: Lee Myeong Ho
Published: January 2011

The trend toward convergence, initiated by advances in ICT, entails the creation of new value chain networks, made up by partnerships between actors in unrelated industries. Such a process of convergence, however, can create a new dimension of network complexity, precipitating dynamic behavior among actors. In this paper we seek to understand how different actors in value chain networks have co-evolved in practice with the development of convergence services. Interpretative case studies on two different converged services in Korea (mobile banking, and One phone services) are undertaken to examine how different actor network adapted in different ways to shape the overall complexity of the converged service. The case study analysis is innovative in being conducted within a combined framework of Complex Adaptive Systems and Actor Network Theory. This synthesis offers a way to characterize the drivers of co-evolutionary behavior, capturing the translation processes undergone by actor networks.
Managing Organizational Hypermedia Documents
Authors: Suh Woojong , Lee Heeseok
Published: January 2011

Recently, many organizations have attempted to build hypermedia systems to expand their working areas into Internet-based virtual work places. Increasingly, it becomes more important than ever to manage organizational hypermedia documents (OHDs); metadata plays a critical role for managing these documents. This chapter redefines metadata roles and proposes a metadata classification and the corresponding metadata schema for OHDs. Furthermore, a meta-information system, HyDoMiS (Hyperdocument Meta-information System) built on the basis of this schema is proposed. HyDoMiS performs three functions: metadata management, search, and reporting. The metadata management function is concerned with workflow, documents, and databases. The system is more likely to help implement and maintain hypermedia information systems effectively.
EDC-Crosslinked Electrospun Silk-Fibroin Fiber Mats
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhang Feng , Zuo Bao Qi , Zhang Huan Xiang
Published: January 2011

Electrospun Silk-Fibroin (SF) mats were fabricated by electrospinning with regenerated Bombyx mori silk-fibroin/formic acid solutions. After spinning, the water soluble and mechanical properties of pure fibroin nanofibers were poor. So electrospun SF mats were crosslinked with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), a low cell cytotoxicity crosslinking agent, and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which can increase the reaction rate. The scanning electron microscope images indicated that the diameter of fibers increased with crosslinking reaction. When EDC/NHS reached to 7.5wt.%, the diameter of fibers achieved the maximum. The mechanical test showed that tensile strength enhanced after crosslinking with EDC/ NHS. While EDC/NHS reached to 7.5wt %, the rupture strength reached to (38.31±5.30) Mpa, and the breaking elongation ratio reached to (182.00±31.27) %. FTIR results showed the the proportion of β-sheet increased while random coil and α-helix decreased after treatment.
Wet-Spinning of Reinforced Artificial Silk Hybrid Fibres by Cellulose Whiskers
Authors: Liu Lin , Yao Ju Ming
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the cellulose whisker/silk fibroin (CW/SF) aqueous solution with different composition was obtained by a dialysis against polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution at room temperature. The rheological behavior of CW/SF solution was investigated and the reinforced CW/SF hybrid fibres were prepared by a dry-wet spinning method. The results showed that the spinnability was better for the CW/SF solution according to the calculation of flowing characteristic index. The cellulose whiskers were dispersed homogeneously in the silk matrix. Moreover, it could be found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the hybrid fibers were improved with the increase of cellulose whisker content, which reached the maximum when the cellulose whisker content was 5 wt%. Compared with the pure silk fiber, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the CW/SF hybrid fibers containing 5 wt% CWs were increased from 135.78±12.73 MPa and 5.74±0.43 GPa to 438.68±22.63 MPa and 17.36±2.04 GPa, respectively.
Analysis of the Additional Twists on the Fiber Band in Compact Field of Compact Spinning
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Han Guang , Yang Jian Ping , Chen Guang Wei , Fu Ting
Published: January 2011

Based on the analysis of the motion of fiber band in compact field, a mathematic model is proposed in this article. The factors affecting the additional twists and final twists of the compact spun yarn, such as diameter of the fiber band in the compact field, tilting angle of suction slot in profile tube and spinning speed, were discussed in detail. The validity of the model was validated by experiments.
Study on the Surface Color Mixing Effect of Fabric with Different Colors of Warp and Weft
Authors: Sui Jian Hua , Wen Xiao Li
Published: January 2011

The fabrics made of different color values of Lightness (L), Chromaticity (C) and hue angle (h) of warp and weft silks were designed to testify color mixing. According to Glassman’s two-color adding and mixing principle, theoretical values of L0, C0 and h0 for all yarns were calculated. After all yarns were weaved, L1, C1 and h1’s value of each fabric were measured by ultrascan PRO of Optoelectronic integration color measurement instrument. The differences between measured and theoretical values expressed by ΔL, ΔC and Δh were calculated. ΔL, ΔC and Δh characteristics were analyzed and the relationship between ΔL, ΔC and Δh and the colors of warp and weft were discussed. The effects of the relative portion of warp and weft silks, the collection and distribution of interweave points, the uniformity of organized points’ distribution on color mixing based on the measured and theoretical values of fabric were further investigated.
Development and Performance Study of Microstrip Patch Textile Antenna
Authors: Wang Guo He , Zhu Chun Hong , Xu Cui Ying
Published: January 2011

Based on analyzing the theory of microstrip patch antenna, the article simulates the specification of the antenna in the frequency of 1.575 GHz. The flexible textile antenna has been designed by structure design of three dimensional woven fabrics and manufactured on the ASL2300 rapier sample loom, with conductive fiber and polyester filament as materials. After testing by the Agilent 80533D Network Analyzer, the characteristic parameters have been discussed, such as the Return Loss, Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio, Band Width and so on. The results show that the antenna has good reflection properties of electromagnetic and can be used in microwave transmission.
Flame Retardation of Plain Weave Fabrics Made of Polyacrylonitrile Pre-Oxidized Yarns
Authors: Shi Lei , Liu Hua Wu , Xu Ping , Zhao Dang Feng
Published: January 2011

Plain weave fabrics of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidation yarns (PANOF) were prepared by small rapier loom. The flame retardation properties, mechanical properties and wear behaviors of PANOF plain weave fabrics were tested. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of these PANOF plain weave fabric samples was 31%, which meets the criterion of flame-retardant fabrics. These fabrics neither melt nor shrunk when left in flame for a short period of time and the fabric structures were well maintained. Compared with flammable polyacrylonitrile fabrics, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidation fabrics exhibited excellent flame retardation properties, with satisfactory mechanical properties and comfortable handle.
Study on Front Web Cleaner Suction Form of Carding Machine
Authors: Guo Xin , Luo Ming , Sun Peng Zi
Published: January 2011

Effect of web cleaner on front plate suction form of carding machine on the quality of card sliver was studied. The card slivers processed by carding machine with web cleaner installed on the front plate using single and double sides suction forms were tested by Premier aQura. The results show that, when the suction volume is between 120~240m3/h, the range of short fiber content in card sliver is 12.03~14.0% in the single side suction and is 15.6~16.8% in the double sides suction; 5% length of fiber in card sliver is between 34.03~34.04mm in the single side suction and is between 33.64~33.83mm in the double sides suction; effective length of fiber in card sliver is from 29.71mm to 29.80mm in the single side suction and is from 29.52mm to 29.55mm in the double sides suction; total neps in card sliver is between 51~55cnt/g in the single side suction and is between 57~59cnt/g in the double sides suction. Thus it can be seen that under the same suction volume, the front web cleaner with single side suction is more beneficial to improving the quality of card sliver, so it is better for the front web cleaner to use single side suction form.
Synthesis of HTCC and its Effects on Structure and Properties of Silk Fibre/Fabric
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Chun Xia , Chen Yu Yue , Cheng You Gang
Published: January 2011

A kind of low molecular weight of chitosan was modified to water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (short for HTCC) in this paper, where after, the Bombyx mori silk fiber and fabric were both treated by HTCC solution. The aggregation structure of silk fiber and the antibacterial performance and dyeing behavior of silk fabric treated by HTCC were investigated. The FT-IR and NMR results indicated that the substitution reaction mainly occurred on the amine groups of chitosan, and up to 90% substitution degree was obtained. Compared with chitosan, the solubility of HTCC was improved after modification. In addition, the crystallinity and the thermodynamic stability of silk fiber were improved after treated by HTCC solution, and the decomposition temperature increased from 318.93°C to 326.45°C. The antibacterial performance of silk fabrics to coli and staphylococcus were both significantly improved after treated by HTCC，and the inhibitory rate of silk fabrics had no significant decrease even though after soaping 30 times. Furthermore, the dyeing behaviors of silk fabrics to acid dyes and reactive dyes were improved, and the dyeing rate, the color fixing rate and the K/S value also increased.
Study on Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Sericin and its Properties
Authors: Xing Tie Ling , Liu Jie , Chen Guo Qiang , Sheng Jia Yong , Sun Dao Quan , Chen Zhong Li
Published: January 2011

In order to take the advantage of the specific property of sericin to improve wear property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was finished with sericin. Sericin was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric in the presence of poly-carboxylic acids (CA and BTCA) at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of catalyst concentration, pH value, curing temperature and curing time on the finish were investigated. The optimized finishing conditions for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of treated fabric with BTCA as crosslinking agent was higher than CA. The whiteness, breaking strength, moisture regain, permeability to gas and crease recovery properties of treated fabrics were measured. The results showed that wrinkle recovery angle evidently increased, and the wrinkle recover angle of BTCA combined secrin treated fabric was higher than CA. The breaking strength, moisture regain and whiteness of the treated fabric slightly decreased, the permeability to gas of cotton fabrics were not changed.
Dyeing Tussah with Liquids Containing Anthocyanins and Mordant
Authors: Lu Sheng
Published: January 2011

In this study the natural dye Anthocyanins was extracted from red-onion skins with the ethanol solution and then the obtained dye was applied to dye tussah silk strips with four methods: direct staining, pre-mordant, together-mordant and last-mordant. The best dye-uptake of the tussah silk strips could be obtained when pH value was 4.5, temperature was 60°C and concentration of dye was 10 % with the direct staining. The different colors of dusky brown, brown, faint yellow, light green, reddish brown, cyan and green could be obtained by using chitosan and various salts of transition elements (Fe2+,Fe3+,Mg2+,Al3+,Cu2+, Mn2+ ) as mordant agents and color tones, color depth and brightness were influenced by different mordant and staining techniques. The result also showed that the silk strips were dyed poorly without any mordant and the dyed tussah silk strips had good fastness and the anti-bacterial activities.
Functional Finishing on Silk Fabric with Acrylamide Monomer and Chitosan
Authors: Huang Chen , Wang Hong , Xu Yun Hui
Published: January 2011

The silk fabric was grafted with acrylamide monomer by the radiation of 60Co- ray and subsequently treated with the chitosan solution in aqueous citric acid. The effects of radiation dose, acrylamide monomer concentration and pH value on the grafting yield were investigated, respectively, and the maximum grafting yield was about 14% (w/w). Scanning electron microscopy photographs indicated that the surface of silk fabric was changed after acrylamide monomer and chitosan treatment. Infrared spectra analysis showed that the acrylamide monomer grafted into silk fabric after the 60Co- radiation, furthermore the chitosan combined with silk fabric through the esterifying reaction between citric acid and silk fiber. The crystallinity of the silk fiber grafted with acrylamide monomer enhanced by the analysis of X-ray diffractograms. With the acrylamide monomer grafting after the 60Co- radiation and the chitosan solution in citric acid treating, the wrinkle recovery angle of the treated silk fabric increased about 34.4% than the untreated silk fabric, the breaking strength percentage of the treated silk fabric decreased slightly. Meanwhile, the ratios of both anti-E.coli and anti-Stap.aureus for silk fabric treated by chitosan were over 93%, and the ratio of anti-C.albicans for silk fabric after chitosan treatment was about 77.6%. The properties of anti-wrinkle and anti-bacterium on silk fabric after the above functional finishing increase significantly, which is very helpful for the health of human beings.
Safety and Health Assessment of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Nano-Coated Textile Products
Authors: Chen Jun , Lu Yan Guang , Sun Cheng
Published: January 2011

Many nanotech-based fabrics products and applications are already in use for textile finishing process in many countries. The industry aims at taking advantage of the opportunities of new nanomaterials while producing safe and ecological textiles. However, some concerns have been raised regarding the potential of engineering nanoparticles to have a negative impact of the human health and the environment. Up to now there are only few toxicological research and safe assessment done on the release of engineered nanoparticles from such products. This article summarizes the coping strategies and risk management of some developed countries and outlines the necessity of prospect research and risk assessment for nanotechnology potential hazards and technical uncertainty of nano-coated textiles to the environment and public health. The author believed the responsive regulations will allow for prevention and treatment of a nano-textiles’ life-cycle risks and support the safe, responsible development of nanotechnology while providing favorable conditions for textile industrial innovation to ensure that research and technological development is translated into affordable and safe wealth-generating products and processes.
The Study of Bleaching Silk Sanitary Materials
Authors: Wang Wu Wen , Lao Ji Hong , Yang Ya Qin
Published: January 2011

The silk Sanitary Materials in hydrogen peroxide bleaching process, various experimental factors affect on the raw materials’ whiteness and tension. And through the single factor experiments and orthogonal test research and analysis, the significant influencing order of the whiteness of silk fiber is: temperature, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and bleaching time; the significant influencing order of breaking tension is: bleaching time, temperature, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The optimum experimental program is as follows: hydrogen peroxide concentration of 22.5g / L, bleaching temperature of 80 °C, bleaching time, 60min, PH value of 9, sodium silicate concentration of 11.25g / L.
Hangzhou Silk Products and its Market Analysis
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Huang Ming Lang , Chen Yan
Published: January 2011

Hangzhou is known as the town of silk. It has a history of more than five thousand years. In recent years, Hangzhou government takes “To promote the silk product and develop women’s wear” as an important content in building the city of outstanding quality life and harmonious society and has made remarkable achievements. Last year, the output of the silk and women’s wear industry reached 178.2 billion yuan. Silk products’ development is valued by the municipal government and it has very good prospects. While not many consumers of modern time are familiar with silk products and even less take silk products as their choices. The reasons of this problem lay one hand on the heritage of silk culture, and the other more important on the diversification and distribution of modern silk products. This paper firstly makes an introduction on the history of silk in Hangzhou and then makes detailed research on many local brands and specialize markets, it also describes silk’s application in modern women’s wear, accessories, home textiles and other articrafts. At last, the paper gives suggestions to silk enterprises on the improvement of Hangzhou silk products and the promotion of Hangzhou silk brands.
Research on Innovation of Traditional Hand-Painted Silk Fabrics through Second Design
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Mei Zhen
Published: January 2011

Under the background of modern industrialization, the traditional process bursts out new vitality with unique hand-painted art taste and traditional culture connotation. On the basis of absorbing the essence of traditional handicrafts, in this paper the traditional silk hand-painted fabrics is focused. Its artistic character, fashion and practicability are discussed respectively. The second design methods based on modern science and art concept retain the original aesthetic characteristic, and furthermore do innovation in process, pattern and fabric design. The research results would be helpful to practical production design and satisfy the relative market.
Effects of Girdle Pressure on Skin Blood Flow
Authors: Huang Ya Nan , Zhao Xiao Wen , Dai Xiao Qun , Li Ya Ning
Published: January 2011

The safety and comfort play more and more important roles in foundation wear design. In this paper, the change of skin blood flow under pressure is focused on. Three healthy young females were recruited to participate in the experiment. The subjects were required to wear girdles of different design, and the pressures and skin blood flow at five feature points were measured by using AMI system. Moreover, pressures of different magnitudes were exerted at the convex points of pelvis and hip by using the AMI pressure chamber, the change of skin blood flow under these pressures were observed. Some conclusions were drawn as follows: the pressure distribution under girdle was not uniform on skin surface; SBF increased under pressures, but it turned to decrease if pressure was very high; the skin pressure could be eased to varing degrees by the soft tissue, and SBF was influenced by the pressure exerted on capillaries rather than skin pressure.
Analysis on Quality Management of Silk Clothing Production
Authors: Yan Yu Xiu , Li Li Xin , Jin Zi Min
Published: January 2011

In order to improve the quality of silk garments, on the basis of the result of previous studies, and through the practice in the silk companies, the root of the problems was analyzed by SPSS. In view of the unique nature of silk fabrics, the improvement measures of quality management were raised, which is of significant practical value and social value.
Study on the Inheritance and Innovation of Chinese National Costume Elements
Authors: Chen Jing Yu
Published: January 2011

As an important component of traditional culture, Chinese national costume elements are famous as gorgeous colors and exquisite decorations. they are always the focus and inspiration in modern fashion design. With the development of the world integration, not only economy but culture, an enterprise and its design in order to survive and develop in a fierce market competition, it must own its own customers with characteristic. National costume elements include style, color matching, handcraft, accessories and patterns. National costume elements bring a clear character and unique artistic temperament. Inheritance means a continuation of that old costume culture’s visually perceptible representation. Innovation means today’s designer’s creative activities in the base of those national elements. They fuse it with modern material under new fashion ideal to create new looks which meet the modern aesthetic. In costume design works, it has two main ways to put these beautiful elements into use: elements extraction and elements extension. Only national makes international, the rational application of national costume elements is a beneficial way to promote the design works’ added value. The innovation based on the inheriting of the traditional style is where the life of design lies.
The Journey of Silk to the International Fashion Design World
Authors: Yang Jian Ping , Sun Yu Qi , Qing Shao Ning
Published: January 2011

The eastern cultural elements, especially represented by Chinese traditional cultural elements, are widely applied in the fashion design when some major international fashion brands introduce the latest design to the world. Silk as one of main factors of Chinese culture has caught lots of attention of international fashion designers and has won great recognition in the western world. The mixtures of cultural elements give those international fashion brands big profits both in the publicity and economy. However at present in china silk is mainly employed into the bed clothing design, underwear design and craft design. Although there are some designers who try silk into the fashion design, the patterns they use are mostly the Chinese traditional ones. The limit of patterns and styles of silk design puts the domestic silk fashion design in the dilemma. The success of the employment of eastern cultural elements of those international fashion brands inspires a new trend of the silk fashion design. This thesis will try to explore approaches to combine the western cultural elements and Chinese traditional cultural elements into the silk fashion design. And at the same time, we like to talk about the concepts of using the Chinese traditional ways of sewing and embroidery in the showing western cultural elements by silk. Also we want to discuss the new access of the silk to the international fashion design world.
Emissions of Isoprenoid from Major Planting Tree Species in Shenyang
Authors: Shi Yi , Li De Wen , Chen Ying , He Xing Yuan
Published: January 2011

Isoprene and monoterpenes are very reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds and have indirect effects on urban air quality. In this study, eight major planting tree species (six arbores and two shrubs) in Shenyang area were examined for the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes using thermal desorption instruments and gas chromatography. The results showed that there were strong seasonal variations in isoprene and monoterpenes emissions from these urban trees. The highest emission rates for Populus alba × berolinensis and Salix babylonica were observed in June with values of about 426.4µg•g-1h-1 and 100.5µg•g-1h-1, respectively. The emission flux from Salix babylonica, Populus alba × berolinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Gingo Biloba, Ulmus pumila, Gleditsia japonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium in Shenyang were 168.66tC•y-1, 104.86tC•y-1, 14.48 tC• y-1, 12.16 tC• y-1, 3.56tC•y-1, 1.27tC•y-1, 4.07tC•y-1 and 1.33tC•y-1, respectively. Isoprene and monoterpenes emissions pattern were depended on tree species. Populus alba × berolinensis, Salix babylonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium mainly emitted isoprene (64.5-99.7%). Other 4 tree species mainly emitted monoterpenes, amounted to 66.0-94.1% of total emission. Pinus tabulaeformis mainly emitted α-pinene. Ulmus pumila and Gleditsia japonica mainly emitted limonene. Gingo Biloba emitted isoprene and limonene, accounted for 33.99% and 39.53%, respectively. The grade of emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from 8 tree species was classified. Populus alba ×berolinensis was a high isoprene and monoterpenes emission tree species in summer. Salix babylonica was a medium isoprene and high monoterpenes emission tree species over growth season. These data demonstrate that rate and flux of the isoprene and monoterpenes emission from planting tree species in urban must be considered on selection of planting tree species for urban atmospheres environment.
Effects of Untreated Pig Manure and Slurry on the Accumulation of Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in Large-Scale Pig Farm
Authors: Lu Cai Yan , Shi Yi , Wang Shao Jun , Niu Ming Fen , Zhang Di
Published: January 2011

The amount of soil inorganic N declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth and sampling time (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N by 76.0% and 156.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure increased significantly the amount of soil NH4+-N by 33.7%, however, application of untreated pig slurry decreased remarkably that of soil NH4+-N by 7.4% (P < 0.001). Application of untreated pig manure and pig slurry increased significantly the amount of soil NO3--N by 86.9% and 198.0%, respectively compared with CK, (P < 0.001). Soil NO3--N accounted for the majority of soil inorganic N irrespective of fertilization treatment or sampling time, its percent were 80.13%, 84.27% and 92.63% in the CK, pig manure and pig slurry treatments, respectively. This result indicated that application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N, especially soil NO3--N, which occurred the potential risk of nitrate pollution.
Effects of Chlorothalonil on Soil Microbial Community of Larix Artificial Forest
Authors: Wang Zhi Ying , Zou Li , Shao Yuan Yuan
Published: January 2011

The fungicide chlorothalonil is considered to be non-selective and used commonly to control a broad spectrum of plant diseases. Effects of Chlorothalonil on soil microbial community were investigated at recommended rates by Biolog-Eco detecting method. The results showed AWCD values of treatment were all lower than untreatment in three soil layers. At the initial stage, AWCD values of all treatments were lower than the control, and its changing trends were different between surface, upper layers and under layers. The trendency was similar showing increased during two months and decreased till tweleve months in upper and under layer control soil after chlorothalonil application. For upper and under layer treated soil, the trend indicated decreased during two months, then increased at the period of 2-4 months, finally decreased till 12 months. Principle component analysis facilitied for average optical density in different layers of soil microbial community while largely carbon sources had similar loadings before spraying and two months later. The ability of single carbon conversion ratio of soil microbial community obviously improved after chlorothalonil spraying. chlorothalonil residue in soil was determined accompanying with time after chlorothalonil treatment.The fluctuation tendency was all declined accompanying with times after spraying chlorothalonil.In conclusion, chlorothalonil has effects on soil microbial community of Larix artificial forest.
Characteristics of Climate Warming and Human Body Comfort Index in Beijing during Last 50 Years
Authors: Zheng Zuo Fang
Published: January 2011

In order to analyze the variations of climate warming and human body comfort index on the basis of homogenized correction, the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2009 in Beijing are examined. According the investigations, some conclusions could be drawn. Firstly, in the last 50 years, the warming rate is 0.39/10a in Beijing, but the warming is unsymmetrical. The warming rate of annual average lowest temperature is obviously higher than that of annual average highest temperature. Secondly, the main discomfort climatic factor is cold discomfort, while thermal discomfort is rare, so is extremely cold discomfort. Thirdly, climate warming and body comfort index are closely correlated in Beijing. The overall trend resulted in by climate warming is the rising in the number of comfortable days, declining in the number of uncomfortable days, and the rate of change is increasing. What’s more, investigations also show that, the heating (cooling) degree days in Beijing dropped (rose) obviously, suggesting that the energy consumption for air conditioners will increase in summer and decrease in winter in Beijing in the future .
Application of Time Series-Exponential Smoothing Model on Urban Water Demand Forecasting
Authors: Liu Jun Liang , Chen Xu , Zhang Tie Jian
Published: January 2011

Based on the traditional time series methods, this paper researched a time series-exponential smoothing model that is built by SPSS statistical analysis software. In the application of the model, the original data of water consumption were in processed by a particular smoothing method first.Secondly, the processed data were used to build a time series-exponential smoothing model. On error test, we found that this forecasting model has advantages of better effect, high precision and minor error on urban water demand forecasing.
The Comprehensive Evaluating Technology of Multi-Index Biochemical Information and its Application
Authors: Bao Siqingaowa , Ma Zhan Xin
Published: January 2011

The determination of index weight is very important in the process of analyzing the comprehensive effects of external conditions on the biochemical Information of organisms, but it is very hard to determine the index weights. In order to solve the above issue, a non-parametric comprehensive analysis method for multi-index biochemical information is given in this paper. This method not only can measure the effective degree of processed condition through comparing the processed group and the standard group, but also can find out the indexes which cause the processed group to be inefficient and theirs influence degree. Then, the formula that is used to measure the effectiveness of biological information, the formula that is used to measure the effectiveness of the processed conditions are given by applying above method. Finally, all the methods are applied to analyze the comprehensive effects of different electric field intensity on the biochemical indexes of wheat seedlings. The research results shows that the comprehensive effects of electric field on the biochemical indexes of wheat seedlings is best when the electric field intensity is reach 4.0kV/cm. Moreover, the change of its biochemical effect is vibration with the raising of the electric field intensity.
The Applications of Vision Technology in Food Processing
Authors: Tie Feng
Published: January 2011

This paper describes the characteristics and Requirements of intelligent food processing，Introduced the principle, composition and development of visual technology, and it used in control in food processing, quality inspection, food safety and other fields of engineering. This article, by analyzing the typical applications, shows that the Vision Technology in food production of profiles, and trends.
Sequence Length Variation of Internal Genic Space of 16S rDNA-23S rDNA in Bacterium with High Yield of Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Wang Yi Xuan , Wang Lu , Wang Zhan Qing
Published: January 2011

To develop the identification of species for fermentative biohydrogen-producing bacterium, scholars have found a method which is based on PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-23S rDNA intergenic regions. In the study, a large fragment of the rDNA operon, including the 16S rDNA, the intergenic spacer region (ISR) and approximately 2000 bases of the 23S rDNA, were polymerasechain reaction (PCR) amplified. The PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of Leptonema ilk strain 3055 using primers directed against conserved regions of the rRNA operon provided evidence that the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were linked via an intergenic spacer region. The sequencing of the intergenic spacer region indicated that it was 435 nucleotides in length and sequence similarity searches revealed that it bore no homology to any known sequences including tRNA available in databases.
Increase the Accuracy of GPR in Tunnel Detection
Authors: Zheng Yi Feng , Li Zhong , Zhou Lin Cong , Lv Dan , Ying Ming , Men Yang
Published: January 2011

All aspects of measured process should be considered to minimize the negative influence then improve the GPR detection accuracy in the tunnel lining inspection. Take ChangBanPo tunnel test for example, in the case of not using measuring wheel, reducing the interpolation space improves accuracy of test data in the axial direction, and finally the positioning accuracy of the data is over 0.1m. By calculating the electromagnetic wave velocity of the end of the lining where the thickness is known, the velocity is used as the corresponding section of the lining ,which avoids the computational error by using dielectric constant and the error is controlled under the centimeter level.
Synthesis and Surface Activity of Biomass Cardanol Sulfonate Surfactant
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Yu Wei , Li Cui Qin , Li Jie
Published: January 2011

A novel biomass cardanol sulfonate surfactant was synthesized using cardanol and oleum as raw materials, dichloromethane as solvent. The IR characterization result has proved the occurrence of sulfonation on the benzene ring of cardanol which has given a product of cardanol sulfonate. The evaluation on the surface activity of the product has shown that the values of the surface tension and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were 38.41 mN/m and 3.37 g/L, respectively. Interfacial tension of cardanol sulfonate aqueous was measured by spinning droplet method, the results showed that the value of interfacial tension reached 8.6×10-2 mN/m when the salt content was 1%, when the alkali content was 1.2%, the value reached 1.4×10-2 mN/m.
Bubble Nucleation of PM Al-9Si Foam
Authors: Wang Ying Wu , Zuo Xiao Qing , Lu Jian Sheng , Zhou Yun
Published: January 2011

Being the first step of foaming, bubble heterogeneous nucleation of aluminum foam has remarkable effects on the final cell structure of aluminum foam. The bubble heterogeneous nucleation of foaming Al-9Si and TiH2powder compact has been analyzed. The results obtained are given as follows: (1)The remaining TiH2particles act as the nuclei during heterogeneous nucleation. (2)The nucleation rate increases with the increasing of TiH2content, the decrease of TiH2granularity, the elevation of foaming temperature, and the elongation of foaming time. (3) Only about 5‰ bubble nuclei can survive and develop to the final foam cells. (4)The influence of processing parameters on the nucleation rate descends by the following sequence: foaming temperature elevates 20°C, TiH2granularity decreases from 150μm to 26μm, TiH2content increases 0.5%wt., and the time for foaming extends 10s.
Photoelectrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Incorporating Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Guan Hua Nan , Chi De Fu , Yu Jia
Published: January 2011

A novel photoelectrochemical biosensor incorporating nanosized ZnO semiconductor crystals with enzyme to enhance photochemical reaction has been investigated. In this work, the ZnO nanoparticles and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were immobilized on Pt electrode by chitosan (CHI) via layer-by-layer technique (LbL) to fabricate a biological-inorganic hybrid system. Micrographs of (ZnO/CHI/AChE) films were obtained by scanning electron microscope, and photoelectrochemical properties of the resulting biosensors were measured by a three electrodes system and an ultraviolet lamp. Under ultraviolet light, the photo-effect of the ZnO nanoparticles showed enhancement of the biosensor to detect pesticide. Based on the inhibition of organophosphate pesticides on the AChE activity, using malathion as a model compound, the inhibition of dimethoate was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.25 to 1.50 and from 1.75 to 10.00 μM, with a detection limit of 10 nM estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The developed biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and acceptable stability, thus providing a new promising tool for analysis of enzyme inhibitors.
Preparation of Biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge Seed Oil
Authors: Hao Yi Nan , Wang Xi Ming , Ding Li Jun
Published: January 2011

The feasibility of producing biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seed oil was studied. Biodiesel was prepared from refined Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seed oil using methanol and sodium hydroxide in an alkali-catalyzed transesterification process. The refining process consisting of alkali deacidifying was developed to produce biodiesel from crude Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seed oil. The acid value of oil was reduced from the initial 1.28mg- KOH/g-oil to below 1.0 mg-KOH/g-oil in 1 h under the conditions of NaOH 18% , excess alkali quantity 0.2wt% of oil at 30°C. The yield of biodiesel developed by refined Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seed oil was higher than 89% in 60 min using NaOH catalyst that amount approximately1wt.% compared to Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seeds oil as catalyst and a molar ratio of methanol to oil 6:1 at 60°C.
The Effect of Different Concentration of Nitrogen in N, S Codoped TiO2
Authors: Lin Yong Bo , Guo Si Yao , Wang Feng Fei , Zeng Cheng Hui , Jiang Na , Song Bo , Sun Yong
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide by nitrogen and sulfur codoped TiO2 photocatalysts under iodine-tungsten lamp irradiation has been investigated. And we adjusted the concentration of nitrogen to see the change of particle size of nitrogen and sulfur codoping TiO2. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the different concentration of N, S codoping under different calcination temperature was discussed. N, S codoped TiO2 sample has a smaller particle size at a low anneal temperature than the one at high anneal temperature.
Assessment on Environmental Friendly Characteristics of Smoked Bamboo Biomass for Building Materials
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Xue Qiu , Wu Feng Juan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhong Feng
Published: January 2011

The main constituents at 230°С were propanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy)-(16.99%) , propanamide, 2-hydroxy-n-methyl-(14.20%) , benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-(13.22%) , furfural(9.44%) , butanal, 2-methyl-(8.09%) , acetic acid(7.09%) , hydrazine, methyl-(4.14%) , etc. And the main constituents at 280°С were hydrazine, ethyl-(24.87%) , 2(3h)-furanone, dihydro-4-hydroxy-(15.24%) , phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-(11.82%) , benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-(11.49%) , furfural(4.90%) , etc. The heat release volatiles of smoked bamboo biomass might be used as raw materials of rare biomedicines. So the smoked bamboo biomass for building materials had environmental friendly characteristics.
Effectiveness Research of UASB Treatment Piggery Wastewater
Authors: Yan Li Long , Zhang Ying , Li Chuan Ju , Han Xue
Published: January 2011

In order to efficient treatment swine wastewater of chemical oxygen demand(COD) of high concentration, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) of high concentration and high suspended solids (SS) , Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) were fed with piggery wastewater and investigated removal effect of COD, SS, NH4+-N, TP. The results showed that, UASB can effectively remove COD and SS in the pig farm wastewater. The corresponding removal rate was respectively 82.36% and 70%. UASB was poor on removal effect of NH4+-N and total phosphate (TP), due to the lack of anaerobic, anoxic environment. UASB is able to treatment COD and SS of piggery wastewater, but TN and TP removal efficiency need to further study.