bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and specifics in the reproductive behaviour of the bulgarian population at the beginning of the 21-st century
Authors: Traykov Toni , Tsvetkov Kaloyan
Published: June 2023

The concept of reproductive behaviour of the population is closely linked to the process or reproduction. In a demographic sense, this is the realization of reproductive attitudes in terms of number of children desired by married couples or co-habiting partners. Several synonyms to the term “reproductive behaviour” are used in demographic, geodemographic and sociological research, such as generative, procreative and proliferative behaviour. These serve to express the processes and practical actions involved in the birth and raising of children. In a wider sense, child rearing includes also upbringing and education and even the passing on of certain attitudes toward future reproductive behaviour. Viewed in its narrower essence, reproductive behaviour has two manifestations. The first finds expression in actions ensuring the reproductive process and the second – in actions restricting and impeding this process. These actions are defined with the terms ‘birth regulation’, ‘family control’ or ‘family planning’. Changes in the social and economic situation in Bulgaria after 1989 led to changes in the reproductive behaviour of the population. The transition from centrally planned economy to market economy and the accompanying economic crisis created conditions for a rapid drop in the economic activity of the population and an increase in unemployment. The sharp decrease in actual income had a very direct impact on the reproductive behaviour of the population during this period. As a result, birth rates rapidly deteriorated, reaching an all-time low of 7.7 ‰ in 1997. The negative changes in the living standard of the population altered the reproductive attitudes of single-child families. Material difficulties experienced during raising of the first child resulted in temporary or permanent refrainment from the birth of a second child. The relative stabilization of the economic situation, which commenced in the beginning of this century resulted in the moderate improvement of some of the indicators related to reproductive behaviour. The birth rate registered at that time (9.8 ‰ in 2007) owes mainly to an increase in the fertility of the childbearing population, measured through the total fertility coefficient. In 2001 the average number of live births per woman was 1.24 and in 2007 – 1.42. Although this small increase in fertility was maintained in the course of the following decade (1.56 children in 2007), Bulgaria remains among the countries with lowest birth rate in the EU. The main issues of the current demographic situation are the increase in the median age of women at first birth, the large share of children born out of wedlock with no registered data on the father and early age at first childbirth. These negative specifics of the reproductive behaviour of the population are further exacerbated by the significant differences in birth rates between towns and villages and different regions and districts within the country.
Todor Krastev – A Life Dedicated to the Geomorphology and Geology of Eastern Bulgaria and Black Sea
Authors: Stankova Svetla , Tzankov Tzanko , Hristova Raina , Stoyanova Milena , Penerliev Milen
Published: June 2023

The article is dedicate to the life and the creation of one notable Bulgrian investigator, scientist and pedagogue – Prof. Todor Ivanov Krastev DSc (Geography). The principal features of his personality are the big creative energy, impressive capacity for work and restless research spirit. It worldly and creative way is a splendid example for a dedicated work for the science. The results of Prof. Krastev investigations belong to the most Bulgarian Natural Geography achievements for the second part of the twenty century.
Bioclimatic Approach at Investigation of Bulgarian Mountains in the Research Works of Prof. DSc Haralampy Tishkov
Authors: Mateeva Zoya
Published: June 2023

This study is dedicated to the bioclimatic studies of Prof. DSc Haralampi Tishkov concerning the mountainous territories of the country. The work presents the basic methods covered in the bioclimatic approach of these studies, namely the complex climatic method, the method for studying the stability of weather classes and the degree of contrast of their changes, as well as the method for assessing the degree of suitability for stay of person outdoors. The work provides an overview of the results obtained from the application of these methods to vast sub-mountain and mountain areas in the country, covering hypsometric belts through 200 m starting from 200 m asl. and reaching 2800 m asl.
The Unknown Anastas Razboynikov
Authors: Ilieva Nadezhda
Published: June 2023

Anastas Razboynikov is a scientist, geographer, historian, ethnographer who has been in the shadows over the last decades and his life, creativity, role as a public figure, especially in the years before World War II, remain forgotten and unknown. In this article, based on the review of his work and published biographical materials, the life, creativity and the main contributions to the geographical science of Anastas Spasov Razboynikov have been traced.
Professor Tуanko Yordanov – Life and Creativity
Authors: Ravnachka Aleksandra , Metodieva Gergana
Published: June 2023

The paper is dedicated to the works of Prof. Tyanko Yordanov (1914 - 2003) - a prominent Bulgarian geographer, longtime lecturer and established researcher in the field of economic geography. Tyanko Yordanov left a lasting trace in geographical sciences with his numerous studies related to agriculture, economic regionalization of Bulgaria, problems of world economy, research in the field of local history, as well as teaching activity. Along with that, Prof. Tyanko Yordanov will remain in the history of Bulgarian geography as one of the co-founders and hosts of the popular “Atlas” Television show.
Life and Scientific Produce of Todor Hristov – Professor, PhD, Corresponding Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Dimov Neno
Published: June 2023

The paper traces the life course of prof. Todor Hristov, with an emphasis on his major scientific works and contributions. Todor Hristov’s contributions to the transformation of economic geography into socio-economic geography were of crucial importance for the geographical science, and so was his role in clarifying the theoretical foundations of socio-economic geography and theoretical geography, the geopolitical position and the zoning of Bulgaria’s geospace, as well as the geopolitical cadaster of the world and the modern (at the beginning of the twenty-first century) political geography of Bulgaria.
To the Personalities of the Founding Protocol of the Bulgarian Geographical Society
Authors: Mihaylov Pelo
Published: June 2023

The article covers all 27 persons registered in the Founding protocol of the Bulgarian Geographic Society. Namely, these are 23 founding members and four other persons who did not attend the founding meeting. Two documents have been published – a copy of the Founding protocol of the Bulgarian Geographic Society, 1918 and a list of the founding members. Each of the 27 persons from the political, cultural, scientific and economic elite of Bulgaria in the past is presented through brief biographical notes. These include the names of one general, two prime ministers, five ministers, five ambassadors, six rectors, eight journalists, ten members of the parliament, ten academicians, one correspondent- member as well as a total of 13 professors. Only four of them are professionally involved in geography – Prof. Anastas Ishirkov, Prof. Zheko Radev, Zhecho Chankov and Ivan Pastuhov.
Prof. PhD Dinyo Dimitrov Kanev (1922-1997) – A Distinguished Scientist and University Lecturer in Geomorphology of Bulgaria and Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Tcherkezova Emilia
Published: June 2023

Prof. PhD Dinyo Dimitrov Kanev was one of the most distinguished Bulgarian scientists and university lecturers in geomorphology of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula. The paper presents prof. Kanev’s main scientific works. On the basis of their analysis, they have been grouped into books, maps and atlases, as well as publications related to various thematic topics, e.g. investigations of denudation surfaces, the impact of the base level of erosion on the relief development, studies of the geomorphological evolution of various areas in Bulgaria, morphostructures and morphostructural development of Bulgaria’s relief, the neotectonic movements and their geomorphological response, studies of the volcanic relief in Bulgaria, as well as analysis of the seismic activity and the impact of the relief on the seismic effects, etc. Other works, such as ones related to the problems of the geomorphological investigations in Bulgaria, the geomorphological specifics of the Main Watershed of the Balkan Peninsula, the relation between relief and recreational resources, etc., have also been presented in the paper. Additionaly, the contributions of Prof. PhD Dinyo Kanev to the establishment of section “Geomorphology and Cartography” (now “Climatology, Hydrology and Geomorphology”) in the Faculty of Geology and Geography at the Sofioter University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Sofia and to the development of geomorphology and cartography as scientific fields in Bulgaria are highlighted.
Morphotectonic Nature of the South Moesian Morphostructural Zone
Authors: Tzankov Tzanko , Stankova Svetla
Published: June 2023

The article represents the author’s contemporary mobility concept about the morphotectonic nature of the South Moesian Morphostructural Zone in North Bulgaria. The mentioned morphounit corresponds with the Moesian Continental Microplate South Margin between Timok River to the west and Kamchia River to the east. The north boundary of the zone coincides with fault bundle system along the Lower Danube River between Timok River Infuse to the west and the town of Cherna Voda to the east and between the towns of Cherna Voda and Constantsa in Nord Dobrudzha. The south boundary of the zone is following on the north slopes of the Fore Balkan and Stara Planina Mountain Ranges. The short west boundary near the Timok River separates the zone from the Carpathian Continental Microplate. The east zonal boundary limits it from the Black Sea Oceanic Microplate. The South Moesian Morphostructural Zone is representing one of the most contemporary fragments from the large post Early Pleistocene Orthoplain in the Balkan Peninsula North-East Part. It plane-lowland zonal relief contrasts with the relief of the neighbor first-rare morphotectonic units. The internal zonal pattern includes the Lower Danube Morphostructural Area (with Lom and Lovech Morphostructural Regions) and Ludogorie Morphostructural Area (with Isperih, Shumen and Dobrich Morphostructural Regions). The South Moesian Morphostructural Zone is a north part of the Maestrichtian-Early Neozoic Morphotectonic Suture between the Bulgarian and Moesian Continental Microplates during the New Europe Continental Massif Building. The till today continued Gondwana-New Europe Transcontinental Collision in the Mediterranean Region has bring very intensive Post Early Pleistocene Orthoplain Destruction and high mountain relief building (Rila, Pirin, Rhodope Mountain Massifs) in the Bulgarian Continental Microplate South-West Parts. The mentioned collision has causes the Fore Balkan and Stara Planina Syncinematic Uplifting in the suture zone between the Bulgarian and Moesian Continenta Microplates to. The South Moesian Morphostructural Zone has stay unaffected from those morphotectonic processes.
Formation of intercultural competence in the teaching of geography – theoretical foundations
Authors: Vasileva Maya
Published: June 2023

The acquisition of intercultural competence in the modern world is no longer a necessity, but a vital condition for building full-fledged interpersonal relationships, security and predictability in communication. It is particularly important in a context of conflict, both between members of the ethnic and/or religious majority in a country and minorities, and within minorities themselves. Whatever the reasons for this, a solution can be sought through integration. This is an issue of intercultural education and intercultural learning. The contribution of geography education to the formation of intercultural competence is significant. This is quite understandable, given the specifics of the subject. The role of geography is clearly outlined at several levels: at the level of goals; at the level of educational content; at the level of educational process; at the level of performance control. It is these levels that should be the subject of more in-depth study in the context of intercultural learning. The present study offers their most general didactic-methodological characteristics.
On the need of regional human geography in Bulgaria
Authors: Penerliev Milen
Published: June 2023

The paper grounds the importance of regional public geography for both the geographical community and the main users of geographical data. The possible alternatives for development, the modern object and significance of this branch of the geographical science are indicated. It justifies the need for integrity not only between the branches of geographical science, but between them such as ethnography, demography, sociology, culturology, etc. The "new" tasks for the regional public geography of Bulgaria and the ways for their realization are outlined.
Insuring a greener future: How green insurance drives investment in sustainable projects in developing countries?
Authors: Desalegn Goshu
Published: June 2023

Insurance companies are responding to the global challenge of climate change by introducing green insurance policies, which aim to promote sustainable projects across the globe. These policies offer financial protection and coverage for initiatives related to renewable energy, energy efficiency and other sustainable endeavors. Moreover, they incentivize investment in these projects by providing lower premiums or other financial benefits. In order to assess the impact of green insurance policies on driving investment in sustainable projects in developing countries, this study employed a systematic and bibliometric approach to thoroughly analyze the various forms, instruments, and measurements of green insurance. The study used 490 documents extracted from different databases. The search strategy involved using specific keywords to query the Web of Science, Scopus, science direct, and google scholar databases. A purposive sampling technique was implemented for data inclusion and exclusion. The study's findings indicate that the success of green insurance in developing countries faces several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited awareness and education among individuals and businesses, absence of supportive regulatory frameworks and policies, insufficient demand, political instability, corruption and security concerns. Furthermore, the study finding reveals a need for more research, specifically exploring the effects of green insurance on investment in sustainable development. Hence future studies can use this finding as a benchmark for further studies. The study's novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of green insurance policies and their impact on driving investment in sustainable projects in developing countries. Based on the findings, the study recommends that insurance companies offer incentives to investors involved in sustainable projects, such as employing premium shifting strategies that minimize premiums for non-environmentally sustainable projects and redirect those funds toward sustainable initiatives.
On Ulam stability of a second order linear difference equation
Authors: Kerekes Delia-Maria , Moșneguțu Bianca , Popa Dorian
Published: June 2023

In this paper we obtain some Ulam stability results for the second order and the third order linear difference equation with nonconstant coefficients in a Banach space. The main idea of the approach is to decompose the second order linear difference equation in a Riccati difference equation and a first order difference equation. In this way we extend some results for linear difference equations with constant coefficients and for linear difference equations with periodic coefficients.
A novel approach to study ternary semihypergroups in terms of prime soft hyperideals
Authors: Bashir Shahida , Mazhar Rabia , Almutairi Bander , Chaudhry Nauman Riaz
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we give the generalized form of soft semihypergroups in ternary structure and have studied it with the help of examples. There are some structures that are not appropriately handled by using the binary operation of the semihypergroup, such as all the sets of non-positive numbers are not closed under binary operation but hold for ternary operation. To deal with this type of problem and handling special type of uncertainty, we study the ternary semihypergroup in terms of prime soft hyperideals. We have introduced prime, strongly prime, semiprime, irreducible and strongly irreducible soft bi-hyperideals in ternary semihypergroups and studied certain properties of these soft bi-hyperideals in ternary semihypergroups. The main advantage of this paper is that we proved that each soft bi-hyperideal of ternary semihypergroup $K$ is strongly prime if it is idempotent and the set of soft bi-hyperideals of $K$ is totally ordered by inclusion.
Flower image classification based on an improved lightweight neural network with multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanism
Authors: Zeng Zhigao , Huang Cheng , Zhu Wenqiu , Wen Zhiqiang , Yuan Xinpan
Published: June 2023

In order to solve the problem that deep learning-based flower image classification methods lose more feature information in the early feature extraction process, and the model takes up more storage space, a new lightweight neural network model based on multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. First, the AlexNet model is chosen as the basic framework. Second, a multi-scale feature fusion module (MFFM) is used to replace the shallow single-scale convolution. MFFM, which contains three depthwise separable convolution branches with different sizes, can fuse features with different scales and reduce the feature loss caused by single-scale convolution. Third, two layers of improved Inception module are first added to enhance the extraction of deep features, and a layer of hybrid attention module is added to strengthen the focus of the model on key information at a later stage. Finally, the flower image classification is completed using a combination of global average pooling and fully connected layers. The experimental results demonstrate that our lightweight model has fewer parameters, takes up less storage space and has higher classification accuracy than the baseline model, which helps to achieve more accurate flower image recognition on mobile devices.
Correlational Analysis of Information and Communication Technologies’ Integration in Direct and Distance Teaching
Authors: Dardary Oussama , Tridane Malika , Bealaaouad Said
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the correlations that exist between many items linked to the use and integration of Information and communication technologies (ICTs), through a survey based on the collection of data from questionnaires distributed to qualifying secondary school teachers (N = 102) in the Casablanca-Settat region, Morocco. In this study we will ask questions, and try to get some answers during the correlational analysis of the collected data, through a questionnaire, such as: Are the age and gender directly linked to the integration of ICTs by teachers? And many other questions.

A Spearman product-moment correlation coefficient was conducted to evaluate the null hypothesis that says that there is no relationship between the selected items, such as: teacher’s gender, teachers’ ages, Information and communication technologies mastery, university degree and many others). Preliminary analysis showed that there a correlation between age and Information and communication technologies mastery, and there was a significant evidence to conduct that there was a negative association between age and Information and communication technologies mastery r(102) = -.57,p=.01. The results also showed that males master Information and communication technologies well, there for there is a correlation between gender and Information and communication technologies mastery r(101) = .56,p=.02. A strong correlation between university degree and Information and communication technologies mastery r(98) = .58 ,p=.01, and others included in this research.
From Cirque Global to Local Circus: the Québec Professional Circus Scene during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Leroux Louis Patrick
Published: June 2023

Given the success of its artistic and commercial models, the reach of Quebec’s circus has extended across continents to the point that it is now nearly impossible to imagine it being restricted to Quebec alone. However, COVID-19 took its toll on what had previously been an assertive and expansionist development. The pandemic brought circus artists home to reflect and reinvest in circus practice and involvement in Quebec, usually outside of institutional structures and without a contract. The Quebec circus’s global reach and aspirations were confronted with the brutal economic reality of a world without touring as circus refocused locally, and artists and institutions were forced to reconsider the existing model. This article draws on an extensive collection of data concerning all circus activity (virtual, hybrid and in situ) compiled during the two years COVID-19 most affected Quebec’s society. It offers a record and analysis of the impact the beginning of the pandemic had on the development of contemporary circus in Quebec and what new trends we might expect over the coming years as a result of this disruption.
 
 
En raison du succès de ses modèles artistiques et commerciaux, le cirque québécois a étendu sa portée à travers les continents, au point qu'il est aujourd'hui presque impossible de l'imaginer limité au Québec seul. Cependant, la COVID-19 a eu des répercussions sur ce qui avait été précédemment un développement assertif et expansionniste. La pandémie a ramené les artistes de cirque chez eux pour réfléchir et réinvestir dans la pratique circassienne et l'engagement au Québec, généralement en dehors des structures institutionnelles et sans contrat. La portée mondiale et les aspirations du cirque québécois ont été confrontées à la réalité économique brutale d'un monde sans tournée, alors que le cirque recentrait ses activités localement, obligeant artistes et institutions à reconsidérer le modèle existant. Cet article s'appuie sur une collecte de donnée méthodique concernant toutes les activités circassiennes (virtuelles, hybrides et in situ) compilées pendant les deux années où la COVID-19 a le plus affecté la société québécoise. Il offre un compte rendu et une analyse de l'impact du début de la pandémie sur le développement du cirque contemporain au Québec, ainsi que les nouvelles tendances que l'on pourrait anticiper au cours des prochaines années en raison de cette perturbation.
The World according to IL-9
Authors: Pajulas Abigail , Zhang Jilu , Kaplan Mark H
Published: June 2023

Among the cytokines regulating immune cells, IL-9 has gained considerable attention for its ability to act on multiple cell types as a regulator of beneficial and pathologic immune responses. Yet, it is still not clearly defined how IL-9 impacts immune responses. IL-9 demonstrates a remarkable degree of tissue-specific functionality and has cellular sources that vary by tissue site and the context of the inflammatory milieu. Here, we provide perspective to summarize the biological activities of IL-9 and highlight cell type–specific roles in the immune pathogenesis of diseases. This perspective will be important in defining the diseases where targeting IL-9 as a therapeutic strategy would be beneficial and where it has the potential to complicate clinical outcomes.
Periphyton growth on allochthonous input in streams may lead to higher individual growth rates of the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
Authors: Ghannam Sally , Levri Edward P.
Published: June 2023

The aquatic, invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) exploits a variety of food sources. Here we examine the change in growth of snails that fed on periphyton colonizing leaf litter, wood, rock, and a control. Juveniles were grown in the lab on Spirulina algae powder (control) or periphyton grown on rock, leaf litter, or wood. Length was measured at the beginning of the experiment and after eight weeks. Snails grown on leaf litter increased in length more than twice as much as the control and the snails in the rock treatment, and the snails grown on wood showed an increase in length more than twice as much as snails in the rock treatment. This suggests that allochthonous material may contribute to a more nutritious food source for New Zealand mud snails and possibly aid in their invasion success.
GASTric Cancer HER2 Re-Assessment Study 2 (GASTHER2): HER2 Re-assessment for Initially HER2-Negative Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients after Progression on First-Line Treatment
Authors: Hyung Jaewon , Kim Hyung-Don , Ryu Min-Hee , Park Young Soo , Moon Meesun , Kang Yoon-Koo
Published: June 2023

Purpose Heterogeneous human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression in gastric cancer may lead to a misdiagnosis of HER2 status. Accurate assessment of HER2 status is essential for optimal treatment as novel HER2-directed agents are being investigated in various clinical settings. We evaluated the usefulness of HER2 re-assessment following progression on first-line treatment in initially HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.Materials and Methods We enrolled 177 patients with baseline HER2-negative AGC and performed HER2 re-assessment after progression on first-line treatment from February 2012 to June 2016 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The re-assessed HER2 status was analyzed with baseline HER2 status and clinical characteristics.Results The median age was 54 years (range, 24 to 80 years), and 123 patients (69.5%) were men. Seven patients (4.0%) were HER2-positive on the re-assessment. Patients with baseline HER2 negativity confirmed by a single test (n=100) had a higher HER2-positive re-assessment rate compared to those who had repeated baseline testing (n=77) (5.0% vs. 2.6%). Among the patients with single baseline HER2 testing, the rate was higher in patients with baseline HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ compared to those with IHC 0 (13.4% vs. 3.6%).Conclusion Overall, 4.0% of patients with baseline HER2-negative AGC were HER2-positive on re-assessment, and the HER2-positive re-assessment rate was higher among patients who had a single test at baseline. HER2 re assessment may be considered for initially HER2-negative patients to determine their eligibility for HER2-directed therapy, particularly if their HER2 negativity was determined by a single test, especially if they had a single baseline HER2 IHC 1+ test.
Smooth numbers with few nonzero binary digits
Authors: Hauck Maximilian , Shparlinski Igor E.
Published: June 2023

We use bounds of character sums and some combinatorial arguments to show the abundance of very smooth numbers which also have very few nonzero binary digits.
Plasmodium falciparum with pfhrp2/3 Deletion Not Detected in a 2018–2021 Malaria Longitudinal Cohort Study in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: François Ruthly , Kashamuka Melchior Mwandagalirwa , Banek Kristin , Bala Joseph A. , Nkalani Marthe , Kihuma Georges , Atibu Joseph , Mahilu Georges E. , Thwai Kyaw L. , Assefa Ashenafi , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Dinglasan Rhoel R. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Tshefu Antoinette Kitoto , Parr Jonathan B.
Published: June 2023

Histidine-rich protein 2– (HRP2-) based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used to detect Plasmodium falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa. Reports of parasites with pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) gene deletions in Africa raise concerns about the long-term viability of HRP2-based RDTs. We evaluated changes in pfhrp2/3 deletion prevalence over time using a 2018–2021 longitudinal study of 1,635 enrolled individuals in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Samples collected during biannual household visits with ≥ 100 parasites/µL by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were genotyped using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Among 2,726 P. falciparum PCR-positive samples collected from 993 participants during the study period, 1,267 (46.5%) were genotyped. No pfhrp2/3 deletions or mixed pfhrp2/3-intact and -deleted infections were identified in our study. Pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites were not detected in Kinshasa Province; ongoing use of HRP2-based RDTs is appropriate.
Tumble Flow Enhancement Applied for Low-Load Condition of Engines by Utilizing Reverse Flow Phenomenon in Intake Port
Authors: Nakamura Yohei , Inoue Yosuke , Fujikubo Makoto
Published: June 2023

We established a technology that can enhance the tumble flow in the cylinder only in a partial load range of the engine without the need to use any intake path switching mechanisms.

Firstly, we attempted to understand the basic phenomena of intake flow by using a CFD model, while using a butterfly throttle valve in a straight pipe. By doing this, we were able to observe the reverse flow of intake air that appears after the intake air has passed the throttle valve when the throttle valve opening is 30% or less. This reverse flow is generated mainly in the flow that has passed the trailing edge of the throttle valve. At both sides of the trailing edge opening, the flow is slowed down by diffusing. The flow is then pulled into the low-pressure zone created behind the throttle valve. In addition, a part of the reverse flow merges with the air flowing on the leading-edge side.

Next, we confirmed that installing a flow separator behind the throttle valve that vertically divides the flow can successfully capture the reverse flow into one of the two flow paths. Furthermore, we confirmed that optimizing the separator position can capture most of the flow into one path, thereby gaining the required amount of flow that can generate tumble in the combustion chamber.

By applying the above results to an actual engine, we validated the effect through a CFD flow analysis and also steady flow tests. As a result, we confirmed that this system can enhance tumble within a partial load range of the engine to a level that is equivalent to that obtained by a tumble port that has a flow path switching mechanism.
Intermittent Injection for a Two-Stroke Direct Injection Engine
Authors: Balduzzi Francesco , Romani Luca , Bosi Lorenzo , Ferrara Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Cycle-to-cycle variation is one of the main factors for high fuel consumption and emissions of a two-stroke engine during the low-load and low-speed running. The increase of residual gas ratio due to the lower delivered amount of fresh scavenging air leads to a lower flame front speed and, therefore, to a slow combustion or even misfiring. The consequence is a very high level of unburnt hydrocarbons, since a large amount of fuel does not take part in the combustion process.

The use of a direct injection system allows a more flexible management of the injection of fuel over subsequent engine cycles. Under a low-load condition, the low request in terms of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) can be achieved by performing a load control based on an intermittent injection, thus reducing the need for intake throttling and avoiding the loss of fresh fuel resulting from cycles without combustion. In more detail, the supply of fuel to the combustion chamber can be skipped for one or more cycles, thus performing a number of consecutive scavenging cycles with only fresh air. As a result, the fresh air is less diluted by the residual gas and the combustion efficiency increases.

This paper presents the results of a preliminary experimental activity on the use of an intermittent injection strategy with a Low Pressure Direct Injection (LPDI) system. In more detail, the effect of skipping one cycle - thus operating the two-stroke engine in a four-stroke-like mode - was investigated at part load conditions by considering four BMEP levels (i.e. from 1.0 bar to 2.5 bar). The benefits of such strategy were evaluated at the test bench and compared with the performance of the standard operation mode. In particular, the cycle-to-cycle variation was drastically reduced and the combustion misfire was avoided with the intermittent injection, thus leading to a strong reduction of both hydrocarbon emissions and brake specific fuel consumption.
Low Voltage Ultra-Thin Wall Primary Cable
Authors:   Cable Standards Committee
Published: June 2023

This standard covers ultra-thin wall low voltage primary cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 VDC (60 VAC rms) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse. This standard covers SAE conductor sizes which usually differ from ISO conductor sizes.
YHWH, Israel's matchless God :an analysis of the lively rock metaphor in the Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:1-43).
Authors:   , Dvoracek Andrew
Published: June 2023

The histories and theories of photography in the West today are commonly concerned with a wide range of visual culture contexts: from social sites of the images' production, circulation and consumption to their mode of representation as ideological construct. A referential scepticism towards realistic representation is practised across an expanding breadth of critical enquiry. However, largely absent from such histories and theories is a consideration of photography's religious history and biblical representation. This study investigates the history and theory of photography concerned with specific examples of biblical representation. Biblical subject-matter in photographs themselves, as well as in their surrounding texts, are examined for heterogeneous readings/picturings, evidencing a dialogical dynamic that cannot be characterised by simplistic illustration of a monolithic text. Visual culture criticism is drawn on to present the results as both a short history, and through four extended discussions of particular artists: Rev. Alexander Keith (1792-1880), Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879), David Mach (1956-) and the duo Adam Broomberg (1970-) and Oliver Chanarin (1971-). Recent biblical studies, concerned with the interface between the Bible and contemporary culture, is engaged to illuminate the literary qualities of the ancient text and to critically establish imaginative re-tellings. The interdisciplinary approach emphasises the common hermeneutical ground in realistic representation between photographic image and biblical text. Further, it demonstrates that referential scepticism can recognise, rather than deny, the plural material and theological inflections of the Bible's continuing appearance in photography. To that end, a photo-biblical hermeneutic is suggested with the terms index, icon, tableau, and vision as theoretical tools for interdisciplinary criticism. These terms develop and practise a reflexive, mutual, representational theory in which traditional ontological and institutional separation between image and text is eschewed. Instead, the role of the viewer/reader brings to visual culture criticism and biblical reception studies an existential hermeneutics. Within this framework, a photo-biblical vocabulary enables a richer integration and deeper complexity of religious ideas to be expressed at the interface of theology and contemporary visual art.
An Impact of Localization Economies and Urbanization Economies on Productivity of Regional Industries: Using Japanese Regional Panel Data
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Choe Jong-Il
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Based on Japan’s regional-industries data from 1994 to 2018, we intend to analyze and present Japanese evidence on the productivity-enhancing effects of localization economies(MAR externality) and urbanization economies(Jacobs externality), and to accumulate research evidence for comparative analysis between Korea and Japan on the effect of agglomeration economies on productivity.
Research design, data, and methodology: In order to empirically analyze the impact of localization economies and urbanization economies on the labor productivity, RIETI’s R-JIP database, which provides high-quality data on 31 industries in 47 prefectures from 1994 to 2018, was used. We implement a panel co-integration test for non-stationary panel data, and estimate panel co-integration vectors.
Results: As a result of the panel cointegration test, labor productivity by region in Japan has a long-term equilibrium relationship with the industrial specialization index and industrial diversity index. In the estimation result of the panel cointegration vector, In the case of manufacturing, localization economy improves labor productivity, but urbanization economies does not affect labor productivity. On the other hand, in the case of IT manufacturing, both localization and urbanization economies have a significant impact on improving labor productivity.
Implications: It is necessary to strengthen manufacturing specialization (localization economies) in order to improve the productivity of regional manufacturing. In addition, in order to improve the productivity of the IT manufacturing, a policy to strengthen the localization economies is important, and in addition, a policy to expand the diversity of related industries.
UMUMİ HIFZISIHHA MECLİSLERİNİN HUKUKİ DURUMU: COVİD-19 PANDEMİ DÖNEMİ ÇAYIRLI İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜLDEREN Ahmet
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 81 il ve 922 ilçede kurulu olup faaliyet gösteren umumi hıfzısıhha meclislerinin günümüzdeki hukuki durumu, Erzincan İli Çayırlı İlçesi örneğinden hareketle, COVID-19 pandemi dönemi öncesinde ve sırasında aldığı kararlar üzerinden incelenmektedir. İncelemeye konu umumi hıfzısıhha meclisinin rutin önleyici ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerini güncel mevzuat hükümleri çerçevesinde yerine getirdiği görülmüştür. Ancak COVID-19 salgın hastalığının dünyada etkili olmaya başlaması ile birlikte, meclis tarafından alınan kararların hem sayısı artmış hem de içeriği değişmiştir. Salgın hastalıkla mücadelede, İçişleri Bakanlığı’nca tedbir genelgeleri çıkartılmış ve ülkede bu tedbirlerin umumi hıfzısıhha meclis kararları vasıtası ile uygulanması istenmiştir. Bu süreçte tedbir kararlarının alınmasında ve uygulanmasında dayanılan kanun sayısının çokluğu tereddütlere, bu tereddütler de tedbirlerin kanuniliği yönünden hukuksal tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Bu sebeple salgın hastalıklarla ilgili bir mevzuat çalışmasının yapılması gereği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında yapılan örnek olay incelemesinden hareketle yeni yasa yapımında faydalı olacağı düşünülen çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Sujeto libre y discernimiento de la ley
Authors: Senent de Frutos Juan Antonio
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como trasfondo el problema general de la relación entre las personas y los sistemas legales. En particular, se trata la cuestión de la secularización de la ley en la antigüedad y en la modernidad. Se parte para ello de la perspectiva frente a la ley mostrada por Jesús, como motor de la critica secularizadora. A su vez, se aborda el problema del sujeto en nuestro contexto, la crítica de la idea de sujeto en la postmodernidad actual y la reivindicación de otros caminos para la expresión de lo humano a partir de algunas experiencias históricas y actuales que posibiliten otro marco de relación con la ley.
El acontecimiento pascual, criterio hermenéutico para la teología cristiana
Authors: Martínez Guisasola José Manuel
Published: June 2023

En las siguientes páginas encontraremos el Misterio Pas­cual como base de la reflexión teológica en general y de la especulación eclesiológica, ético-moral y escatològica en particular, pues se pretende mostrar la vinculación existente entre la Pascua y el nacimiento de la Iglesia, por un lado, junto con las implicaciones y derivaciones en ma­teria de moral que de ella se puedan derivar, y por otro lado, presentar al hombre como ser histórico en tanto que sujeto que se proyecta hacia el futuro considerando, por consiguiente, la pasión, muerte y resurrec­ción de Cristo como aval de la esperanza cristiana.
Neither Zarathushtra nor Pope: Zoroastrianism as a Front for the Anglican Church’s Attacks on Catholicism
Authors: Cucu Ionuț-Valentin
Published: June 2023

This paper scrutinizes how three seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century authors associated with the Anglican Church – Henry Lord, Thomas Hyde, and Humphrey Prideaux – inserted their understanding of the teachings of Zoroaster and the religion of the Parsis into the argumentative arsenal they regularly employed against what they perceived as the rigidity, excessive ritualization, and incomprehensible language found in contemporary Roman Catholic practices. These authors are tied to and reflect the consolidation of the Anglican Church and British colonial expansion. The two processes not only overlapped for a considerable period, but were also entangled, indirectly leading to an increase in scholarly knowledge about different cultures and religious communities, while in the long term also providing discursive ammunition against the Catholic Church and the Pope. This enquiry seeks to contribute towards a better understanding of an often-neglected middle ground between inter- and intra-religious debates, on one hand, and missionary activity, on the other.
Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und inklusiver Schreibunterricht
Authors: Jagemann Sarah , Schwinning Sandra
Published: June 2023

Die Bedeutung von Selbstwirksamkeit für professionelles Handeln im Unterricht ist gut dokumentiert (z. B. Klassen & Tze, 2014). Gerade im Kontext der Einführung inklusiver Lernumgebungen ist Selbstwirksamkeit als professionelle Ressource hoch relevant. Aus der Bildungsforschung liegen bereits diverse Skalen und Studien zum Einfluss und zur Entwicklung der Selbstwirksamkeit von Lehrpersonen vor. Dabei bleibt der Fokus auf Selbstwirksamkeit bisher generisch, obwohl Forschungen für andere Unterrichtsfächer zeigen können, dass durch einen fachdidaktischen Ansatz wertvolle Erkenntnisse erwartet werden können. Wir schlagen daher ein lernbereichsspezifisches Modell der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen für den Schreibunterricht in inklusiven Lernumgebungen vor, auf dessen Basis ein Online-Fragebogen entwickelt wurde. Der Fragebogen wurde im November 2020 in einer Pilotierungsstudie an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal eingesetzt (N = 201, Analysestichprobe: N = 164). Die Ergebnisse weisen auf ein geeignetes Instrument zur Messung von Selbstwirksamkeit im inklusiven Schreibunterricht hin und bestätigen eine achtdimensionale Struktur mit spezifisch lernbereichsbezogenen latenten Konstrukten.
Classical and Quantum Meet-in-the-Middle Nostradamus Attacks on AES-like Hashing
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Sun Siwei , Wang Caibing , Hu Lei
Published: June 2023

At EUROCRYPT 2006, Kelsey and Kohno proposed the so-called chosen target forced-prefix (CTFP) preimage attack, where for any challenge prefix P, the attacker can generate a suffix S such that H(P∥S) = y for some hash value y published in advance by the attacker. Consequently, the attacker can pretend to predict some event represented by P she did not know before, and thus this type of attack is also known as the Nostradamus attack. At ASIACRYPT 2022, Benedikt et al. convert Kelsey et al.’s attack to a quantum one, reducing the time complexity from O(√n · 22n/3) to O( 3√n · 23n/7). CTFP preimage attack is less investigated in the literature than (second-)preimage and collision attacks and lacks dedicated methods. In this paper, we propose the first dedicated Nostradamus attack based on the meet-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, and the MITM Nostradamus attack could be up to quadratically accelerated in the quantum setting. According to the recent works on MITM preimage attacks on AES-like hashing, we build an automatic tool to search for optimal MITM Nostradamus attacks and model the tradeoff between the offline and online phases. We apply our method to AES-MMO and Whirlpool, and obtain the first dedicated attack on round-reduced version of these hash functions. Our method and automatic tool are applicable to other AES-like hashings.
Planning, Analysis, and design of a Steel Structure Auditorium
Authors: Bhavani Nithya R  , Anish A  , Sujith P  , Varun D  , Mr.Vinoth R  , Dr.Thirumalai Raja K
Published: June 2023

Auditorium roof is covered by Tappered Section. A curved roof of steel structure is made in place of dome which can be easily extended whenever required with good strength. In order to increase the audience capacity inside the hall and to reduce the number of columns in between the audience for clear visibility as columns inside hall creates hindrance for visibility. A prototype is made is STAAD.Pro and the total project includes designing of structural members like slab, beams, columns, footings. The software AutoCAD is ued for drawings (planning) and for drawing reinforcement details of slabs, columns, beams, footings, etc.
Solid Waste Management – Compact Twin Shaft Shredder
Authors: Nithya Sri R  , Harini S G  , Yogesh D  , Dr.B.Shridar
Published: June 2023

The key objective of the article is to design and build a small shredding machine that is conceptually designed with a focus on the production of dry leaves, areca leaves, chopped dry materials, and worm compost. This idea was produced by taking into account four slicing machines with various operations and operating procedures. The idea was designed with consideration for the customers' safety. A three-stage motor, bearings, cutter, structural frame, spur gear, and dual shafts make up the machine. High carbon steel, which is also used to make cutter tips and soft steel, is applied for making the machine's frame. Two shafts with sixteen cutters placed on them rotate parallel to the spur gear. The cutter shaft receives power from the electric motor through the belt drive. Tensile and friction inside the cutting house cause the cutting process. The chopped powder is gathered in a dish at the bottom after the dried leaves are chopped and reduced in size. It is simple to use and has a small footprint.
AIR POLLUTION PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Sneha A R  , Premkumar M  , Sanjuvikashini A P  , Soniga N  , Swathika T
Published: June 2023

The fact that environment tracking is focused largely on the fundamental rights of people, lifestyles, and health makes it so important. As a result, this device tracks the quality of the air using excellent sensor nodes within that check for CO2, NOx, UV light, temperature, and humidity. The gad get is able to categorize automatically if a certain geographic area is going above the established gas emission restrictions thanks to the statistics assessment using device mastering algorithms. In order to choose the most contaminated sectors, the DB SCAN with LR, SVM, and NB set of rules delivered a noteworthy category overall performance. Monitoring air quality is a crucial concern in many commercial and physical areas of the world. In areas with serious difficulties with air pollution, Air Quality Operational Centers (AQOCs) are established specifically for this purpose. The AQOCs are operational units responsible for managing tracking networks, analyzing the gathered data, and eventually disseminating online assessments of air pollutants and their short- and long-term evolution. Up until recently, modelling of air pollution events has been focused mostly on dispersion models, which approximate the complex physicochemical processes at play. Although the intricacy and complexity of these models have increased over time, their application in real-time atmospheric pollution tracking appears to no longer be acceptable in terms of performance, input data requirements, and compliance with the problem's time limitations.