bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer Cell–Extrinsic Roles for the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hahn Andrew W , Siddiqui Bilal A , Leo Javier , Dondossola Eleonora , Basham Kaitlin J , Miranti Cindy K , Frigo Daniel E
Published: May 2023

Given the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cell biology, AR-targeted therapies have been the backbone of prostate cancer treatment for over 50 years. New data indicate that AR is expressed in additional cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, targeting AR for the treatment of prostate cancer has established side effects such as bone complications and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease, indicating broader roles for AR. With the advent of novel technologies, such as single-cell approaches and advances in preclinical modeling, AR has been identified to have clinically significant functions in other cell types. In this mini-review, we describe new cancer cell–extrinsic roles for AR within the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic effects that collectively impact prostate cancer progression and patient outcomes.
Context-dependent thermolability of sex determination in a lacertid lizard with heteromorphic sex chromosomes
Authors: Hansson Alexander , Wapstra Erik , While Geoffrey M. , Lindsay Willow R. , Olsson Mats
Published: May 2023

Developmental conditions can profoundly impact key life history traits of the individual. In cases where offspring sex is driven by developmental reaction norms, permanent changes to the phenotype can fundamentally alter life history trajectories. Sex determination mechanisms in reptiles are remarkably diverse, including well-characterised genetic and temperature-dependent sex determination. In rarer, but increasingly more commonly documented cases, sex can also be determined by a combination of the two, with temperature overriding the genetically determined sex. Thus, sex-by-temperature interactions is a mechanism that can be contextually labile, where reaction norms of sex against developmental environment might only be observable under certain conditions. We examine the effects of incubation temperature on hatchling sex in an oviparous lizard with clearly defined heteromorphic sex chromosomes presumed to determine sex solely on a genetic basis. We also test the repeatability of our results by replicating incubation experiments across 3 years. We show that warmer temperatures may override chromosomal sex and cause an overproduction of daughters. However, this effect was inconsistent among years, with high temperature only resulting in a daughter-significant bias in one year. Warm-incubated daughters were more efficient at converting yolk into tissue, which would allow for greater resource allocation to other fitness-related processes, such as growth. This suggests that thermolabile sex determination could be a trait under selection. More energy-efficient embryos also produced faster-growing offspring, suggesting that energy utilization patterns of the embryo were maintained into the juvenile stage, which could have important implications for the ontogenetic development and evolution of life histories.
Nuclear segmentation facilitates neutrophil migration
Authors: Shen Connie , Mulder Eva , Buitenwerf Wiebe , Postat Jérémy , Jansen Aron , Kox Matthijs , Mandl Judith N. , Vrisekoop Nienke
Published: May 2023

Neutrophils are among the fastest-moving immune cells. Their speed is critical to their function as ‘first responder’ cells at sites of damage or infection, and it has been postulated that the unique segmented nucleus of neutrophils functions to assist their rapid migration. Here, we tested this hypothesis by imaging primary human neutrophils traversing narrow channels in custom-designed microfluidic devices. Individuals were given an intravenous low dose of endotoxin to elicit recruitment of neutrophils into the blood with a high diversity of nuclear phenotypes, ranging from hypo- to hyper-segmented. Both by cell sorting of neutrophils from the blood using markers that correlate with lobularity and by directly quantifying the migration of neutrophils with distinct lobe numbers, we found that neutrophils with one or two nuclear lobes were significantly slower to traverse narrower channels, compared to neutrophils with more than two nuclear lobes. Thus, our data show that nuclear segmentation in primary human neutrophils provides a speed advantage during migration through confined spaces.
Open source code for the generation of digital reference objects for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI analysis software validation
Authors: Gill Andrew B. , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Graves Martin J.
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images can be analyzed through the application of a wide range of kinetic models. This process is prone to variability and a lack of standardization that can affect the measured metrics. There is a need for customized digital reference objects (DROs) for the validation of DCE-MRI software packages that undertake kinetic model analysis. DROs are currently available only for a small subset of the kinetic models commonly applied to DCE-MRI data. This work aimed to address this gap.

Methods:

Code was written in the MATLAB programming environment to generate customizable DROs. This modular code allows the insertion of a plug-in to describe the kinetic model to be tested. We input our generated DROs into three commercial and open-source analysis packages and assessed the agreement of kinetic model parameter values output with the ‘ground-truth’ values used in the DRO generation.

Results:

For the five kinetic models tested, the concordance correlation coefficient values were >98%, indicating excellent agreement of the results with ‘ground-truth’.

Conclusions:

Testing our DROs on three independent software packages produced concordant results, strongly suggesting our DRO generation code is correct. This implies that our DROs can be used to validate other third party software for the kinetic model analysis of DCE-MRI data.

Advances in knowledge

This work extends published work of others to allow customized generation of test objects for any applied kinetic model and allows the incorporation of B1 mapping into the DRO for application at higher field strengths.
Rate of various access sites for temporary transvenous pacing and different outcomes at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Adil  , Dr Sher Bahadar Khan  , Dr Muhammad Shahbaz Khan  , Dr Zair Hassan
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate the various temporary transvenous pacemaker (TPM) access sites, its indications, procedural complications, and outcomes of patients.

Methods: This prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, included 100 patients, who underwent TPM for any reasons, via the trans jugular, subclavian, or trans-femoral route. The duration of the study was from October 1st, 2021 to March 31st, 2022. The demographic, procedure -related complications, causes of complete heart block and in hospital outcomes were recorded.

Results: Of the 100 patients who underwent temporary transvenous pacing, 56%were males and 44% were females, with an age range of 46-80 years. In majority of the patients, (N =54) internal jugular vein was used as the venous access site followed by the subclavian vein. (N=24). Coronary artery disease was prevalent in 42% of the patients. 50% had complete AV block, 19% had symptomatic second-degree block, and 10% had sinus nodal diseases. Seventy three percent of the patients needed TPM implantation on an emergency basis, which is statistically significant (p=0.009). Almost 40% of the patient ultimately underwent a permanent pacemaker. Out of 100 patients, 16 patients expired. The major procedure related complications were bleeding 16% overall at the puncture site and 14.8% in the internal jugular group. Other complications were local infection 13% at the insertion site followed by hemopericardium 3%, in the internal jugular group.

Conclusion: Atrioventricular block is the commonest indication for temporary pacing in our study. The average time the TPM remained in place was significantly higher in the trans jugular approach group along with a higher complication rate in this group.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7467

How to cite this: Adil M, Khan SB, Khan MS, Hassan Z. Rate of various access sites for temporary transvenous pacing and different outcomes at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7467

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Draft genome sequences of three emerging beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the camel production system in Northern Kenya
Authors: Gachogo Rachael , Karegi Irene , Ogoti Brian , Musyoki Victor , Martins Dino , Onyambu Frank , Kamau Joseph
Published: May 2023

We report the draft genome sequences and annotation of three beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains isolated from fecal samples of healthy camels in Laikipia county, Kenya. This data adds to the online genome resources to support the ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the livestock-wildlife interface.
Determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder farmers’ bread wheat production and implications of seed recycling: A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Eshete Yirgalem , Alamirew Bamlaku
Published: May 2023

Background: Due to decreasing productivity trends, enhancing farm level technical efficiency (TE) in bread wheat production (BWP) is central to Ethiopia's food security strategy. This requires increased BW productivity through the use of improvements in seeds and TE. However, there is some empirical research that examines the institutional, socio-demographic, economic, and agronomic determinants of the TE of BWP simultaneously. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze determinants of TE and the implication of seed recycling on TE.

Methods: The data was gathered from 450 randomly selected sample respondents via structured interviews, focus groups, and interviews with key informants. Data collection took place from December 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022.  BW growing smallholder farmers were the major respondent of the study. Quantitative type of data including the number of inputs used, amount of wheat produced, and socio – demographic, economic, agronomic, and institutional variables were gathered and analyzed.  The TE and factors affecting it were examined using a stochastic frontier production analysis with a trans-log functional specification.

Results: The coefficients for labour (0.086), capital (0.22), fertilizer (0.042), weedicide (0.014), and machinery (0.005) were significantly positive at p<0.001 implying that an optimum increase to these inputs would increase BWP. The mean TE was found to be 79.99% indicating that farmers in the study operate 20.01% less than their potential. Nine of the hypothesized variables (69.2%) had significantly affected TE. Moreover, seed recycling reduced TE by 2.34%.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that few farmers are able to grow BW either on the frontier or very close to it, which denotes high TE and poor access to improved seeds leading to seed recycling. Therefore, the farmer-to-farmer (F2F) extension method, which enables farmers to learn from their neighbors and create wider access to improved seeds through seed loans and vouchers are strongly suggested.
A phenomenological analysis of the emotional experiences of graduate preservice student teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Rahayu Famala Eka Sanhadi , Rusmawaty Desy , Hermagustiana Istanti , Sunggingwati Dyah
Published: May 2023

Background: Addressing preservice teachers' emotions can help them develop the emotional connections necessary for successful teaching practicums and professional learning experiences. To understand preservice teachers’ emotions towards their surroundings, the researchers used an emotional geography framework to map out the source of their negative and positive emotions and how those feelings affect their beliefs, teaching style, and paradigms. Emotional geographies were divided into two categories (i.e., emotional distance and emotional closeness), which were further mapped into five major themes (i.e., sociocultural, moral, professional, physical, and political).

Methods: This study examined emotional geographies of 15 graduate preservice student teachers of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Mulawarman University during their teaching practicums. Moreover, this study used a qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews with 15 graduate students who completed their teaching practicums.

Results: The participants experienced all emotional geographies (sociocultural, moral, professional, physical, and political) that reshaped their beliefs and teaching styles, especially related to teaching undergraduate students. These emotions are generally experienced when the participants deal with the students and cooperating teachers.

Conclusions: It was found that teachers needed to be strict when instilling discipline in their students, develop friendships with their students to maintain classroom control, and require comprehensive preparation to create teacher's confidence and answer their students' questions. In effect, the theoretical framework of emotional geography when teaching undergraduates during practicums gave student teachers valuable experience to cope with all common teaching challenges and professional growth.
Economic evaluations of maternal health interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Eddy Katherine E. , Eggleston Alexander , Chim Sher Ting , Zahroh Rana Islamiah , Sebastian Elizabeth , Bykersma Chloe , McDonald Steve , Homer Caroline S. E. , Scott Nick , Chou Doris , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Vogel Joshua P.
Published: May 2023

Background

Evidence on the affordability and cost-effectiveness of interventions is critical to decision-making for clinical practice guidelines and development of national health policies. This study aimed to develop a repository of primary economic evaluations to support global maternal health guideline development and provide insights into the body of research conducted in this field.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted to identify and map available economic evaluations of maternal health interventions. We searched six databases (NHS Economic Evaluation Database, EconLit, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo) on 20 November 2020 with no date, setting or language restrictions. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data independently. Included studies were categorised by subpopulation of women, level of care, intervention type, mechanism, and period, economic evaluation type and perspective, and whether the intervention is currently recommended by the World Health Organization. Frequency analysis was used to determine prevalence of parameters.

Results

In total 923 studies conducted in 72 countries were included. Most studies were conducted in high-income country settings (71.8%). Over half pertained to a general population of pregnant women, with the remainder focused on specific subgroups, such as women with preterm birth (6.2%) or those undergoing caesarean section (5.5%). The most common interventions of interest related to non-obstetric infections (23.9%), labour and childbirth care (17.0%), and obstetric complications (15.7%). Few studies addressed the major causes of maternal deaths globally. Over a third (36.5%) of studies were cost-utility analyses, 1.4% were cost-benefit analyses and the remainder were cost-effectiveness analyses.

Conclusions

This review provides a navigable, consolidated resource of economic evaluations in maternal health. We identified a clear evidence gap regarding economic evaluations of maternal health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Future economic research should focus on interventions to address major drivers of maternal morbidity and mortality in these settings.
A review of ethical and regulatory issues in the clinical application of stem cell-derived tissue constructs
Authors: Harris Alexander R , McGivern Patrick , Gilbert Frederic
Published: May 2023

The potential of organoids and other stem cell-derived tissue constructs (SCTC) to be used for clinical applications is developing rapidly.  Subsequently, there is an increasing need to understand and address the ethical, legal and regulatory issues around their use.  There are a range of health, ethical, regulatory and legal issues associated with SCTCs that will evolve as the technology develops and they become more accepted for clinical use.  SCTCs can be used for drug screening, phenotypic disease screening and regenerative medicine applications.  Each clinical application has different issues and requirements, there is no perfect, one size fits all SCTC that will cover all applications, even where these different applications assess the same treatment, patient or disease.  Currently, there is minimal guidance on the use of SCTCs in clinical applications, but the regulatory requirements will depend on the particular application.  There is a tension between population based and personalised SCTCs for drug screening, phenotypic disease screening and regenerative medicine applications; whether experimental trials and subsequent delivery of safe and effective treatments for small or individual patient groups can be developed and their financial viability.
Organising the self-employed: combining community unionism, coworking and cooperativism across contexts
Authors: Pitts Frederick Harry , Borghi Paolo , Murgia Annalisa
Published: May 2023

The growing insecurity, flexibilisation and fragmentation of labour markets goes hand-in-hand with the decrease of social protection levels and collective representation for workers in non-standard employment relationships, such as the hybrid category of ‘solo self-employed workers’. In response, on the one hand, trade unions attempt to approach and organise this heterogenous category of workers. On the other, new freelancer organisations are emerging to improve worker rights and safety, and overcome their social and professional isolation. Reporting the findings of long-term, slow ethnography, we describe a failed collaboration between three new collective actors in the representation and organisation of self-employed workers. In the second half of the 2010s, two UK organisations, Coworking (all names pseudonyms), a coworking space operator working in a deprived ex-industrial area, and Union, a former industrial union, created Coworking.Union, a cooperative trade union offering services and advocacy for the self-employed. Coworking.Union collaborated with Cooperative, a freelancer cooperative based in Northern Europe, with a view to emulate aspects of its model in the UK. We present a detailed reconstruction of the interactions of the three actors over time, including their context, expectations, and visions, starting from the motivations that generated the first contacts, through to the development of operational agreements, up to the failure of these agreements as relations cooled. The case study, and the failed experiment it captures, constitutes an important opportunity to understand the dynamism, complexity, and contradiction manifest in organising the self-employed. While the strategic ingredients of significant organisational innovation were in evidence between the three actors, it generated instead a failure. The case study thus demonstrates the importance of an in-depth analysis of failed attempts at organising the self-employed and their meaning for broader struggles by old and new actors to alter the terrain of the hybrid areas of employment more generally.
Kawa i jej prozdrowotne właściwości
Authors: Baran Jolanta , Kubit Piotr
Published: May 2023

Na ilość spożywanej kawy przez konsumentów ma wpływ przede wszystkim jej niepowtarzalny, dość głęboki smak i delikatny aromat, w którym wyczuwalne są nuty korzenne lub czekoladowe oraz jej właściwości wynikające z zawartości kofeiny i polifenoli. Doniesienia naukowe wskazują, że umiarkowana konsumpcja kawy może być częścią zdrowej diety i aktywnego trybu życia, co wiąże się z szeregiem pożądanych zjawisk fizjologicznych w tym sprawności psychicznej i fizycznej. Artykuły naukowe przedstawiają szerokie spektrum pozytywnego wpływu cennych związków zawartych w tym napoju na organizm człowieka, m.in. zmniejszenie śmiertelnościz powodu chorób sercowo-naczyniowych, cukrzycy typu 2, jak również nowotworów czy też obniżeniu ryzyka zachorowalności na chorobę Parkinsona i Alzheimera. Jej dobroczynne właściwości wykorzystywane są również w kosmeteologii.
Bakuchiol: następca retinolu
Authors: Grzelecki Mateusz , Tyburc Natalia , Paradowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

Zmarszczki i przebarwienia to widoczne skutki fotostarzenia skóry, którego mechanizmy omówiono pokrótce w poniżej pracy. Dotychczas do zwalczania jego skutków używano aplikowany miejscowo retinol, znany w dermatologii związek, stosowany z powodzeniem w leczeniu trądziku. Dużym minusem terapii retinolem są występujące skutki uboczne, m.in. podrażnienia wywołane ekspozycją skóry na światło słoneczne. Poszukiwania zamiennika retinolu o ograniczonych skutkach ubocznych przyniosły rezultat w postaci bakuchiolu, meroterpenu pozyskiwanego z Psolarea corylifolia. Bakuchiol, oprócz omówionych w pracy mechanizmów działania typowych dla retinoidów, przejawia właściwości antyoksydacyjne, co stanowi dodatkowy mechanizm walki ze skutkami fotostarzenia. Praca stanowi przegląd wiadomości i porównanie podstawowych właściwości retinolu i bakuchiolu jako związków stosowanych miejscowo na skórę w kosmetologii.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji Rośliny zielarskie, kosmetyki naturalne i żywność funkcjonalna
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Franciszek
Published: May 2023

VII konferencja naukowa Rośliny zielarskie, kosmetyki naturalne i żywność funkcjonalna odbyła się w dniach 9–10 września 2021 roku w nowoczesnychobiektach Kampusu Politechnicznego Karpackiej Państwowej Uczelni w Krośnie. Organizatorami konferencji, podobnie jak w poprzednich edycjach, byli:Karpacka Państwowa Uczelnia, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Zielarzy i Fitoterapeutów w Krośnie. Tradycyjny,wiosenny termin tego ważnego dla środowiska zielarzy spotkania, został przez organizatorów przeniesiony na koniec lata ze względu na ograniczenia spo-wodowane epidemią koronawirusa. Trwająca w Europie od lutego 2020 roku  epidemia w głównej mierze wpłynęła na temat tegorocznej edycji konferencji, której podtytuł Rośliny lecznicze i leki ziołowe w terapii i profilaktyce chorób wirusowych. Naturalne substancje przeciwwirusowe organizatorzy wybrali ze względu na duże zainteresowanie możliwościami wykorzystania ziół w profilaktyce i terapii zakażeń wirusowych. Konferencja odbywała się pod honorowym patronatem Marszałka Województwa Podkarpackiego i Prezydenta Miasta Krosna. Natomiast Komitet Naukowy, pod przewodnictwem prof. Romana Kołacza, współtworzyli pracownicy naukowi renomowanych uczelni akademickich, prowadzących badania naukowe i studia wyższe w zakresie dyscyplin przyrodniczych.
Is it possible to change the human voice? - analysis of the medical review on the example of people facing gender dysphoria
Authors: Branewska Justyna , Kołodziejczyk Kacper , Ostrowska Barbara , Hop Izabela , Matysek Mikołaj , Olszanicka Anna , Imioło Jan , Maciąg Anna , Niemiec Rafał , Galas Adam
Published: May 2023

Introduction The term gender dysphoria has been known to humanity for a long time. Transsexuality has many definitions, but each of them leads to the same conclusions. It is a lack of acceptance of one's own biological sex, the one indicated by the anatomy and sex given to a newborn human. For these people, it is important that their appearance and tone of voice allow them to be recognized according to the gender they want to represent. This topic requires a multidisciplinary approach of specialists from various fields of medicine, such as: phoniatrics, otolaryngology, endocrinology, surgery and psychiatry.
Purpose The aim of study is to review data on voice modification in both transgender men and transgender women. The possibilities that medicine offers to people who want to change the tone, quality and pitch of their voice will be emphasized.
MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and Science Direct databases.
ResultsChanging the voice of transgender people is essential for self-acceptance and improves the quality of life of such people. Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety have been found to be significantly less after treatment has been implemented in these people's lives.
ConclusionsMedicine offers many solutions, from conservative to invasive. Over the years, therapies have been developed that combine many medical fields, and these often bring the expected results. People who decide to undergo surgery must be aware that the results may not always be as expected or that complications may occur.
Sygnały metaforyczności w tekstach użytkowych – na przykładzie metaforyki sportowej
Authors: Przybylska Renata
Published: May 2023

SIGNALS OF METAPHORICITY IN APPLIED TEXTS – BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPORTS METAPHORICS
This article is an attempt of description and typology of the signals of metaphoricity present in applied texts. The illustrative material consists of metaphorical uses of sports vocabulary. The author suggests a division of metaphoricity signals into macro-textual and micro-textual. The macro-textual ones include the apparent clear contrast between the metaphorically used vocabulary, e.g. words related to sports, and the global topic of the text and the genre of the utterance. The micro-textual signals include indicators of metaphoricity at the level of metatext and at the level of the subject text. Metatextual signals are: the use of inverted commas, the use of the ‘so-called’ operator, the use of words such as like ‘proverbial’, ‘peculiar’, etc. Micro-textual signals in the subject language consist in changing the valence of the metaphorized word and altering its standard collocation profile. The metaphoricity signals in question only guide the interpretation of the meaning of words and expressions; they do not unequivocally determine their metaphorical meaning.
Polski bezokolicznik celu przy czasownikach ruchu
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena , Duraj-Nowosielska Izabela
Published: May 2023

POLISH INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE WITH MOTION VERBS The authors of the article discuss Polish verbal constructions with an infinitive indicating the purpose of the motion, such as pobiegł otworzyć drzwi (he ran to open the door). In the first part of the study, the authors describe the research field, separating lexicalised expressions such as [ktoś] idzie spać ([someone] goes to sleep), (nie) idzie wytrzymać (it is hard to bear this), spieszę donieść, że… (I’m in a rush to report that…). The second part is devoted to the formal characteristics of structures with the infinitive of purpose. The semantic aspects of the studied structures are considered in the third part of the article. The authors present several arguments contradicting the common view that the analysed expressions and the corresponding structures with a subordinate purpose clause are synonymous. Part four of the study provides information on the status of the examined structures in contemporary Polish. Their formal and semantic properties suggest that they are products of a semantic-syntactic operation. In the last, fifth section of the article, the authors place Polish verbal constructions with the infinitive of purpose against a broader typological background, considering their relationship with similar expressions in other languages, which are at various stages of grammaticalization.
Zaolziańska wspólnota w trosce o tożsamość językową i kulturową
Authors: Labocha Janina
Published: May 2023

THE COMMUNITY OF ZAOLZIE (TRANS-OLZA) ACTING TO MAINTAIN ITS LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
The community of Zaolzie includes Polish people who, as a result of the division of the Cieszyn Silesia into the Polish and Czechoslovak parts in 1929, became a national minority outside the borders of Poland. Living among the Czech population in a linguistically and culturally foreign country, the Polish community fought to maintain its ethnic and cultural identity. The bond uniting the community was maintained by the Cieszyn dialect, i.e. colloquial speech which I call the Zaolzie dialect. Educational and cultural activities were also of great importance, referring to the tradition of the struggle for Polishness in the period from the 19th century onwards. The knowledge spread by Polish schools in Zaolzie, the teaching of Polish history and, against its background, the history of the Cieszyn region, as well as the reading of Polish books contributed to the consolidation of the knowledge of Polish literary language and to the formation of Polish linguistic and national awareness in the Czech environment. In the second part of the article, I present selected utterances of Zaolzie cultural activists published in 1950s and 1960s in the regional monthly entitled “Zwrot”. They illustrate the linguistic problems in Zaolzie which are still relevant despite the changes in the local communication system that occurred as a result of the decreasing number of Polish schools and people with a strong Polish identity.
Bank Regulatory Capital Arbitrage: Evidence from Housing Overappraisals
Authors: Mayordomo Sergio , Rachedi Omar , Rodríguez Moreno María
Published: May 2023

The overstatement of asset collateral values reduces bank capital requirements. We identify this novel form of regulatory arbitrage by studying housing overappraisals, the difference between housing collateral values computed by appraisers and actual transaction prices. We leverage granular loan-level data from Spain and a kink in the scheme of residential mortgage risk weights to show that tighter regulatory requirements cause larger overappraisals. This bias depends on the relationship between appraisers and banks; appraisers inflate mortgage collateral values only for their major customer banks. On average, overappraisals lower risk-weighted mortgages by 9%. Mortgage overappraisals allow banks to free up regulatory capital to support additional risk-taking in the corporate loan market.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4805 .
Estimating Large-Scale Tree Logit Models
Authors: Jagabathula Srikanth , Rusmevichientong Paat , Venkataraman Ashwin , Zhao Xinyi
Published: May 2023

In “Estimating Large-Scale Tree Logit Models,” S. Jagabathula, P. Rusmevichientong, A. Venkataraman, and X. Zhao tackle the demand estimation problem under the tree logit model, also known as the nested logit or d-level nested logit model. The model is ideal for scenarios in which products can be grouped naturally based on their attributes into a hierarchy or taxonomy, such as flight itineraries grouped by departure time (morning or evening) and number of stops (nonstop or one stop). The current estimation methods are not practical for real-world applications that can involve hundreds or even thousands of products. The authors develop a fast, iterative method that computes a sequence of parameter estimates using simple closed-form updates by exploiting the structure of the negative log-likelihood objective. Numerical results on both synthetic and real data show that their proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art optimization methods, especially for large-scale tree logit models with thousands of products.
Entre anjos e demônios: a série de Novíssimos de Carabuco / Between Angels and Demons: The “Novissimi” Series from Carabuco
Authors: Perret André , Santos Leticia Roberto dos , Quírico Tamara
Published: May 2023

Os Novíssimos são uma doutrina da Igreja Católica. Postrimerías é o seu equivalente na língua espanhola, sendo o termo que dá nome a uma série de pinturas hispano-americanas. O presente trabalho discutirá uma dessas séries – o ciclo de Carabuco – como uma das mais importantes produções artísticas do Vice-Reino do Peru. The Novissimi constitute a doctrine from the Catholic Church. Postrimerías is the Spanish equivalent, and defines a series of paintings we may find in America. This paper shall discuss one of these series – the Carabuco cycle – as one of the most important artistic achievements in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Eu tenho um corpo de poeira. Ele se move, expande, pode ser quase invisível e também embaçar o mundo
Authors: Andrade Gilson de Sousa
Published: May 2023

Este artigo ensaísticos se constrói a partir da pesquisa escultórica e arquivística que desenvolvo, imbricando materialidades e desmaterialização, por meio de narrativas, ações e a criação de espaços escultóricos. pelo desafio de construir uma poética que produz compreensões e não entrega tudo, de mim só terá uma parte, ou pequenos fragmentos.
Matemática das Encruzilhadas
Authors: Bigois Alessandra , Quintaneiro Wellerson
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado, que teve como objetivo discutir atravessamentos coloniais na formação de professores dos anos iniciais e, então, investigar a produção de saberes de professoras e professores em uma dinâmica decolonial, orientada por um mito iorubá. Fundamentando nosso olhar sobre a formação de professores que ensinam matemática a partir de referenciais decoloniais e afro-diaspóricos, propomos uma Matemática das Encruzilhadas: por um lado, problematizando relações coloniais ainda presentes em nossas práticas; por outro, reconhecendo a matemática como potência, habitando uma encruzilhada que a reivindica como produção de saberes que se realiza no encontro de caminhos, como possibilidades de reinvenção de seres. A produção de dados empíricos foi realizada por meio de uma roda de conversa com professoras que ensinam matemática em uma escola pública no município de Duque de Caxias, no Rio de Janeiro, referenciada em um mito iorubá que provocava atravessamentos com a matemática e suas práticas docentes. Assim, em um primeiro momento, atuamos no tensionamento de relações coloniais na formação de professores de séries iniciais. Na sequência, a partir de um giro epistêmico, tomamos referências afro-diaspóricas como possibilidade de insurgência em atividades formativas com professores, a partir da mitologia iorubá. A categoria Ancestralidade x Modernidade surgiu a partir da insurgência aos apagamentos de saberes afro-diaspóricos desdobrando-se em reflexões teóricas sobre coletividade docente.
PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA DE “ACOLHIMENTO”: RESSITUANDO O CONCEITO / Portuguese as a “host” language: reframing the concept
Authors: Queiroz Francisco Leandro Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Nos últimos anos, estamos presenciando no Brasil o crescimento de um “novo” campo de estudos de português para falantes de outras línguas, qual seja, Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc). O PLAc pode ser entendida como uma proposta linguística/educacional cuja intenção é contextualizar o ensino e a aprendizagem de língua portuguesa para refugiados e outros (i)migrantes que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade. Para evitarmos uma postura de “vale-tudo” em defesa de uma suposta prática de justiça social por meio da língua, o que pode resultar em português instrumental para esse público, precisamos fazer duas perguntas. Primeiro, de que acolhimento estamos falando? Segundo, a institucionalização do PLAc torna o lócus do (i)migrante universal e homogêneo? Isso posto, o objetivo deste artigo é problematizar questões de Português como Língua de Acolhimento, focalizando a noção de acolhimento enquanto correspondência direta de hospitalidade e proteção, sustentada pelo viés humanitário. As teorias que orientam o trabalho são complementadas por perspectivas decoloniais (MIGNOLO, 2003; WALSH, 2016), no sentido de combaterem a universalização. A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa e interpretativista, considerando as experiências do pesquisador, a escolha da literatura e as expectativas educacionais atuais. Os resultados sugerem que acolhimento está sendo usado como argumento humanitário institucionalizado. Apontam, ainda, na direção de que o PLAc precisa ser ressignificado em outras bases, se não quiser reproduzir a lógica das competências interculturais.
Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria and Microbial Analysis in Mae Soon Reservoir, Fang Oil Field, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors:   Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Kumdhitiahutsawakul Ladapa , Singhapetcharat Thanachai ,   PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited (PTTEP), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand, Choochuay Paweena ,   Center of Scientifi c Equipment for Advanced Research, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand, Dawkrajai Pinan ,   Northern Petroleum Development Centre (NPDC), Defence Energy Department, Chiang Mai, 50110, Thailand, Tragoolpua Yingmanee ,   Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Bovonsombut Sakunnee ,   Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Published: May 2023

Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is an effective alternative method for oil recovery in reservoirs using microorganisms or their secondary metabolites. This research aimed to evaluate the indigenous bacteria from Mae Soon reservoir by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and to investigate the potential of biosurfactant-producing bacteria using a drop-collapsed assay. Indigenous bacteria were isolated from the oil sands of the reserved core of Mae Soon reservoir using fi ve different media (nutrient, Luria-Bertani, mineral salt, tryptic soy, and peptone yeast extract). Fifty-four facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates were obtained. Seven isolates showed their potential as biosurfactant producers in the drop-collapse assay. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, six of the biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates belonged to the species Bacillus licheniformis and one belonged to the species B. subtilis. The biosurfactant producers and microbial community in the oil sands were determined using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Interestingly, DGGE bands corresponding to bacteria belonging to the genus Geobacillus sp. were detected. Overall, the results obtained from this work showed that indigenous bacteria in Mae Soon reservoir oil well were prospective for use in MEOR.
Potential Suitable Area of Invasive Species Cryptomonas sp. under Climate Change Scenarios in China Sea Areas
Authors:   University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, Lan Ru ,   China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing 100088, China, Li Jing ,   College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China, Lin Hai ,   University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, Qiao Bing ,   China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing 100088, China, Huang Yi ,   Tibet University, Lhasa 850011, Tibet, China, Wang Rulin ,   Sichuan Provincial Rural Economic Information Center, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
Published: May 2023

Alien invasive algae along with ship ballast water have posed a serious threat to China’s marine ecological security. A clear understanding of the geographical distribution of invasive species and their response to climate change can provide a scientifi c basis for their prevention and control. In this study, combined with environmental variables and distribution data, MaxEnt was used to predict the potential geographical distribution and change trend of Cryptomonas sp. in the four major sea areas of China in current, 2040s (2031-2050) and 2090s (2081-2100), reveal the dominant environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution, analyze the migration trends of centroids the highly suitable area, and clarify the key control sea areas. Results showed that: 1) The most important environmental variable affecting the geographical distribution of Cryptomonas sp. was the Temperature. Range (bio24). 2) Under current climate condition, the suitability index of Cryptomonas sp. in the whole sea area of the Yellow Sea, the northern sea area of the East China Sea, and the corresponding sea areas of Jiaxing, Ningbo, Dongying, Weifang and Zhangzhou, and special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of Cryptomonas sp.. 3) Under the scenarios in 2040s (2031-2050) and 2090s (2081-2100), the total suitable area and highly suitable areas of Cryptomonas sp. in the four sea areas of China showed an increasing trend. 4) Under climate change scenarios in 2040s and 2090s, in the Yellow Sea, the centroid of the highly suitable area of Cryptomonas sp. would generally move to the southeast or southwest. In the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea, the centroid showed a trend of moving to different latitudes and directions under different scenarios. In the Bohai Sea, the centroid showed a trend of moving to the north. These moving trends indicated that Cryptomonas sp. may adapt to climate change by changingtheir distribution areas.
Infection after intracapsular femoral neck fracture – does antibiotic-loaded bone cement reduce infection risk after hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Szymski Dominik , Walter Nike , Krull Paula , Melsheimer Oliver , Grimberg Alexander , Alt Volker , Steinbrueck Arnd , Rupp Markus
Published: May 2023

Aims

The aim of this investigation was to compare risk of infection in both cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty (HA) as well as in total hip arthroplasty (THA) following femoral neck fracture.

Methods

Data collection was performed using the German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD). In HA and THA following femoral neck fracture, fixation method was divided into cemented and uncemented prostheses and paired according to age, sex, BMI, and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index using Mahalanobis distance matching.

Results

Overall in 13,612 cases of intracapsular femoral neck fracture, 9,110 (66.9%) HAs and 4,502 (33.1%) THAs were analyzed. Infection rate in HA was significantly reduced in cases with use of antibiotic-loaded cement compared with uncemented fixated prosthesis (p = 0.013). In patients with THA no statistical difference between cemented and uncemented prosthesis was registered, however after one year 2.4% of infections were detected in uncemented and 2.1% in cemented THA. In the subpopulation of HA after one year, 1.9% of infections were registered in cemented and 2.8% in uncemented HA. BMI (p = 0.001) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (p < 0.003) were identified as risk factors of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), while in THA cemented prosthesis also demonstrated an increased risk within the first 30 days (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73; p = 0.010).

Conclusion

The rate of infection after intracapsular femoral neck fracture was statistically significantly reduced in patients treated by antibiotic-loaded cemented HA. Particularly for patients with multiple risk factors for the development of a PJI, the usage of antibiotic-loaded bone cement seems to be a reasonable procedure for prevention of infection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(5):331–338.
An Improved YOLO for Road and Vehicle Target Detection Model
Authors: Yu Qinghe , Liu Huaiqin , Wu Qu
Published: May 2023

The yolo series is the prevalent algorithm for target identification at now. Nevertheless, due to the high real-time, mixed target parity, and obscured target features of vehicle target recognition, missed detection and incorrect detection are common. It enhances the yolo algorithm in order to enhance the network performance of this method while identifying vehicle targets. To properly portray the improvement impact, the yolov4 method is used as the improvement baseline. First, the structure of the DarkNet backbone network is modified, and a more efficient backbone network, FBR-DarkNet, is presented to enhance the effect of feature extraction. In order to better detect obstructed cars, a thin feature layer for focused detection of tiny objects is added to the Neck module to increase the recognition impact. The attention mechanism module CBAM is included to increase the model’s precision and speed of convergence. The lightweight network replaces the MISH function with the H-SWISH function, and the improved algorithm improves by 4.76 percentage points over the original network on the BDD100K data set, with the mAP metrics improving by 8 points, 8 points, and 7 points, respectively, for the car, truck, and bus categories. Compared to other newer and better algorithms, it nevertheless maintains a pretty decent performance. It satisfies the criteria for real-time detection and significantly improves the detection accuracy.
From contact lens to ‘Dream Lens’ - Cultural History of Vision Correction Technology
Authors: JEONG Se-Kwon
Published: May 2023

This paper traces how medical technologies to correct vision were introduced and changed in Korean society until the introduction of Orthokeratology called ‘Dream Lens’ in the late 1990s. First of all, I outlines the historical background of the introduction and spread of the relatively unfamiliar and expensive Orthokeratology, which is said to “cure” myopia and astigmatism by pressing the cornea. ‘Dream Lens’, a ‘lens for correcting corneal refractive error’, was a popular vision correction technology in terms of its name, treatment method, and effect. Not only was it introduced with a name similar to contact lens used instead of glasses from decades ago, but the way it was attached to and removed from the cornea was also similar. On the other hand, the public was already familiar with the principle of correcting the refractive index by pressing the cornea and improving visual acuity in the long term, just like LASIK which became popular in the mid-1990s. The use of contact lens which was similar in terms of the name ‘lens’ and the effect of ‘correcting vision’, and the trend of LASIK which was similar in principle of controlling corneal refraction, was a historical stage that helped soft landing of orthokeratology.However, from contact lens, vision correction technology did not settle down without any conflict. There was a conflict between medical experts traditionally responsible for optometry and production of spectacles and lens, and opticians who were newly in charge of that area. Ophthalmologists who have been in charge of optometry and prescriptions for a long time had no choice but to hand over some of the inspection areas to opticians due to the rapidly increasing number of opticians and the implementation of the optician system in 1989. And they had no choice but to watch the expansion of the business of opticians who manufactured glasses based on their own vision tests and sold them together with contact lens. Instead, corneal resection, which is not a technique for correcting visual acuity due to corneal refractive error, but a surgical technique for treating the corneal refractive error itself, has become an ophthalmologist's unique task. In addition, Dream Lens, which corrects corneal refractive error using a similar principle, has also become an object of professional medical practice because it required more precise examination and treatment than eyeglasses or contact lenses. By understanding the process by which vision correction technologies, from contact lens to dream lens, have been introduced into Korean society over the past few decades, this paper gives a new understanding how different medical technologies with the same or similar purposes are settling down, and the tension between experts in charge of them.