bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Antonic Miha
Published: October 2017

Background: Even minor postoperative reductions in renal function influence the outcome of cardiac surgery. The mechanisms of postoperative renal injury in cardiac surgery are multifactorial and include ischemia-reperfusion injury. The study investigates the effect of the antioxidant ascorbic acid on the postoperative acute kidney injury after elective CABG surgery.Methods: A prospective randomized single-center trial was conducted in on-pump coronary artery bypass patients. The patients in the ascorbic acid group received 2 grams of ascorbic acid 24 hours and 2 hours preoperatively and 1 gram twice daily five days after the surgery.  Postoperatively, the subjects were monitored for renal dysfunction and other complications.Results: 100 patients were included, with 50 patients in each study group. The groups were well matched for baseline demographics, preoperative medications, comorbidities, and had similar intraoperative characteristics. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in the ascorbic acid group was 16% and 14% in the control group (P = .779). The groups also did not differ in peak postoperative serum creatinine (83 [33] µmol/L versus 83 [39] µmol/L; P = .434), the lowest postoperative creatinine clearance (96.40 ± 35.78 mL/min versus 90.89 ± 36.18 mL/min; P = .766), and time from surgery to the onset of peak postoperative serum creatinine (1.64 ± 1.34 days versus 1.92 ± 1.54 days; P = .393). There was no dialysis required in any patient. Conclusion: The results of this study did not demonstrate a significant protective effect of ascorbic acid on the incidence of postoperative acute renal injury in elective on-pump CABG patients.
rSalvador: An R Package for the Fluctuation Experiment
Authors: Zheng Qi
Published: October 2017

The past few years have seen a surge of novel applications of the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation assay protocol in bacterial research. Appropriate analysis of fluctuation assay data often requires computational methods that are unavailable in the popular web tool FALCOR. This paper introduces an R package named rSalvador to bring improvements to the field. The paper focuses on rSalvador’s capabilities to alleviate three kinds of problems found in recent investigations: (i) resorting to partial plating without properly accounting for the effects of partial plating; (ii) conducting attendant fitness assays without incorporating mutants’ relative fitness in subsequent data analysis; and (iii) comparing mutation rates using methods that are in general inapplicable to fluctuation assay data. In addition, the paper touches on rSalvador’s capabilities to estimate sample size and the difficulties related to parameter nonidentifiability.
Cholesterol in Childhood
Authors:   Committee on Nutrition
Published: October 2017

This Policy Statement was retired January 2006.

This updated statement reviews the scientific justification for the recommendations of dietary changes in all healthy children (a population approach) and a strategy to identify and treat children who are at highest risk for the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in early adult life (an individualized approach). Although the precise fraction of risk for future coronary heart disease conveyed by elevated cholesterol levels in childhood is unknown, clear epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that the risk is significant. Diet changes that lower fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake in children and adolescents can be applied safely and acceptably, resulting in improved plasma lipid profiles that, if carried into adult life, have the potential to reduce atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Growth and Final Height Among Children With Phenylketonuria
Authors: Thiele Alena G. , Gausche Ruth , Lindenberg Cornelia , Beger Christoph , Arelin Maria , Rohde Carmen , Mütze Ulrike , Weigel Johannes F. , Mohnike Klaus , Baerwald Christoph , Scholz Markus , Kiess Wieland , Pfäffle Roland , Beblo Skadi
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Growth is an important criterion to evaluate health in childhood and adolescence, especially in patients depending on special dietary treatment. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inherited disease of amino acid metabolism. Patients with PKU depend on a special phenylalanine-restricted diet, low in natural protein. The study aimed to evaluate growth, growth rate, and target height in 224 patients with PKU.

METHODS:

Retrospective, longitudinal analysis of standardized, yearly measurements of height, weight, and calculated growth rate (SD score [SDS]) of patients with PKU aged 0 to 18 years were conducted by using the national computerized CrescNet database. Inclusion was restricted to patients carried to term with a confirmed diagnosis of PKU or mild hyperphenylalaninemia determined by newborn screening and early treatment initiation.

RESULTS:

From birth to adulthood, patients with PKU were significantly shorter than healthy German children (height SDS at 18 years: −0.882 ± 0.108, P < .001). They missed their target height by 3 cm by adulthood (women: P = .02) and 5 cm (men: P = .01). In patients receiving casein hydrolysate during childhood, this was more pronounced compared with patients receiving amino acid mixtures (P < .001). Growth rate was significantly reduced during their first 2 years of life and in puberty (growth rate SDS: −1.1 to −0.5 m/year, P < .001 and −0.5; P < .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early diagnosed, treated, and continuously monitored patients with PKU showed reduced height from birth onward. During the last 2 decades, this phenomenon attenuated, probably because of advances in PKU therapy related to protein supplements and special low-protein foods.
Sinusitis maxillaris mint a fogászati cone-beam komputertomográfiás vizsgálat melléklelete
Authors: Schreindorfer Károly , Kiss Ágnes , Marada Gyula
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography is a frequently used diagnostical method in the head and neck region. The thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa is often observed in these images. Aim: Determining the prevalence of teeth and roots that can be identified as cause of maxillary odontogenic sinusitis, and recording the average observed mucosa thickening on these images. Method: The scans that give the base of the study have been performed by the Department of Dentistry of Medical University of Pécs between 2015–2016. The size of the voxels had been varied between 0.25 and 0.4 mm and the size of the image had been set up to 15×12 cm. The acquisition time had been set up to 27 seconds. Results: 170 cases of the 260 revised records fulfilled the initial criterion conditions. The average mucosa thickness was 8.8 mm. During the present study, the upper first molars palatal and the second molars mesiobuccal roots were mainly associated with maxillary odontogenic sinusitis. Conclusion: Whether in the case of chronic maxillary sinusitis that is not or only temporarily responsive to conventional therapy, may it be justifiable to provide dental consultation and cone-beam computed tomography to exclude the dental origin of sinusitis. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(44): 1747–1753.
Computational linguistics and temporal perspective
Authors: Johnson Austin
Published: October 2017

This paper presents three studies which utilize Latent Semantic Analysis to investigate the effects of temporal perspective on the development of semantic information within a text. This project comprises a study in the quantitative phenomenology of speech with the goal of modeling how a discourse participant might experience a speech event in real time. The first study presents two short texts which demonstrate the constructs of temporal perspective. The second study tests for differences in semantic development according to temporal perspective across a corpus of 26 texts. The third study examines the occurrence rate at which a section of text causes an increase in semantic similarity within one temporal perspective and a decrease (or no change) in the other. The results support the hypothesis that the development of semantic information within a text differs according to one’s temporal perspective.
Sustainability at IKEA
Authors: Fröding Karin , Lawrence Geoff
Published: October 2017

IKEA has its roots in Småland, historically one of Sweden’s poorest regions, so hard work and economizing with resources have always been part of our heritage. We’ve been making a lot out of very little for more than 60 years. Based on a deep knowledge of people’s lives at home, IKEA offers good quality, durable and functional home furnishing products for everyday life today. We are completely committed to our vision to create a better everyday life for the many people. This commitment extends to our suppliers and all who work for them. The IKEA Way on Purchasing Products, Materials and Services (IWAY*) is the IKEA Supplier Code of Conduct. It states the IKEA minimum requirements relating to the Environment and Social & Working Conditions, including the prevention of child labour. IWAY and all of its activities are dependent upon co-operation, mutual trust and respect between the supplier and IKEA.Initially, flat packs and smart ways of transport were invented to save money. Over the years, we have learnt that saving money and the environment usually go hand in hand and rarely conflict with each other. During the past 10 to 15 years, we have developed our Sustainability Program where we work on responsible forestry, water treatment, cotton grown in a more sustainable way and many more projects, together with partners such as WWF.* Current IKEA social projects in partnership with UNICEF, UNDP andSave the Children will have benefited 100 million children by the end of 2015. This includes a lot more than just providing a great home furnishing offer. It is also about taking social and environmental responsibility towards IKEA customers, coworkers and the people who produce our products. The decision to integrate sustainability in all IKEA business strategies is a milestone for our continued work towards becoming a sustainable company.
Por uma historiografia literária sentimental: formação e modernidade em Antonio Candido
Authors: Gaio Henrique Pinheiro Costa
Published: October 2017

Este artigo pretende realizar uma análise da historiografia literária de Antonio Candido, expressa em Formação da literatura brasileira (1959). Compreender a arquitetura textual de Candido como uma narrativa de passagem, na qual são selecionados os momentos decisivos da literatura brasileira, indica uma permanente tensão entre tradição e modernidade e o caráter incompleto de nossa formação literária. Assim, de maneira a abarcar a relação entre tradição e modernidade, fundadora de uma literatura nacional, propomos uma chave de leitura schilleriana. Desse modo, talvez seja possível, a partir da passagem de uma literatura de traço ingênuo para uma de caráter sentimental, identificar o sentido da teoria da formação da literatura brasileira expressa por Candido
Tempo Presente: entre operações e tramas
Authors: Lohn Reinaldo Lindolfo , Campos Emerson Cesar de
Published: October 2017

O foco deste artigo está em apresentar um quadro das discussões operadas nas últimas três décadas acerca das noções de tempo e de presente em sua junção naquilo que vem sendo chamado de História do Tempo Presente. A elaboração do texto buscou aproximações com a reflexão historiográfica que entende a História do Tempo Presente como o estudo do tempo histórico vivido. As operações e as tramas que envolveram sua constituição acadêmica são o pano de fundo para discutir as redefinições no campo historiográfico acerca das temporalidades e das periodizações. Trata‑se de estudo conduzido em função da problemática proposta pela História do Tempo Presente, destacando sua emergência como parte de uma trajetória que não é estranha às experiências sociais aos movimentos historiográficos das últimas décadas
Flexural behaviour of rebar-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete beams
Authors: Chen Shiming , Zhang Rui , Jia Liang-Jiu , Wang Jun-Yan
Published: October 2017

A detailed experimental programme was conducted to investigate the structural behaviour of rebar-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) beams subjected to pure bending and combined bending and shear. Four flexural bending tests and four bending–shear tests were conducted and four different reinforcement ratios (1·09%, 2·75%, 3·60% and 4·99%) were used. The bending characteristics of the rebar-reinforced UHPC beams under static loading were assessed, including cracking, failure patterns, deflection, ductility and flexural capacity. The influence of the reinforcement ratio on the flexural performance of the rebar-reinforced UHPC beams was observed and analysed. A model was developed for predicting the ultimate flexural capacity of rebar-reinforced UHPC beams. The adequacy of the prediction model was assessed using experimental data from the current study and the published literature, and the results showed that the model can be used to estimate the ultimate flexural capacity of rebar-reinforced UHPC members accurately. The results of this study provide valuable information for a comprehensive understanding of the structural behaviour of rebar-reinforced UHPC members.
FXR/TGR5 Dual Agonist Prevents Progression of Nephropathy in Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin X. , Wang Dong , Luo Yuhuan , Myakala Komuraiah , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Levi Jonathan , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Field Amanda , Hill Ashley , Lucia Scott , Qiu Liru , Jiang Tao , Peng Yingqiong , Orlicky David , Garcia Gabriel , Herman-Edelstein Michal , D’Agati Vivette , Henriksen Kammi , Adorini Luciano , Pruzanski Mark , Xie Cen , Krausz Kristopher W. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Ranjit Suman , Dvornikov Alexander , Gratton Enrico , Levi Moshe
Published: October 2017

Bile acids are ligands for the nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein–coupled receptor TGR5. We have shown that FXR and TGR5 have renoprotective roles in diabetes- and obesity-related kidney disease. Here, we determined whether these effects are mediated through differential or synergistic signaling pathways. We administered the FXR/TGR5 dual agonist INT-767 to DBA/2J mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, db/db mice with type 2 diabetes, and C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. We also examined the individual effects of the selective FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) and the TGR5 agonist INT-777 in diabetic mice. The FXR agonist OCA and the TGR5 agonist INT-777 modulated distinct renal signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Treatment of diabetic DBA/2J and db/db mice with the dual FXR/TGR5 agonist INT-767 improved proteinuria and prevented podocyte injury, mesangial expansion, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. INT-767 exerted coordinated effects on multiple pathways, including stimulation of a signaling cascade involving AMP-activated protein kinase, sirtuin 1, PGC-1α, sirtuin 3, estrogen-related receptor-α, and Nrf-1; inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress; and inhibition of enhanced renal fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, in mice with diet-induced obesity, INT-767 prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress determined by fluorescence lifetime imaging of NADH and kidney fibrosis determined by second harmonic imaging microscopy. These results identify the renal signaling pathways regulated by FXR and TGR5, which may be promising targets for the treatment of nephropathy in diabetes and obesity.
Oral Law in Litigation in South Africa: An Evidential Nightmare?
Authors: Rautenbach Christa
Published: October 2017

In the past, customary law has been applied rather haphazardly in the courts. Its inherent adaptive flexibility and indeterminate nature created confusion in a court system ill-equipped to deal with litigation dealing with customary law issues. Understandably, customary law was treated in the same way as a common-law custom, which also originates in a community's acceptance of certain standards of behaviour. This meant that anyone averring a rule of customary law had to prove it, except where the rule was contained in a statute or precedent. The courts were not keen to engage in law-making and where the ascertainment of customary law proved to be difficult, they would merely apply the common law. In 1998, the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988, which allows the judiciary to take judicial notice of readily accessible customary law, made fundamental changes to this situation. The Act is still in operation, although it must now be interpreted in the light of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). No direction on how this must be done can be found in the wording of the constitutional provisions dealing with the customary law. Besides instructing the courts to apply customary law when "applicable, subject to the Constitution and any legislation that specifically deals with customary law", the Constitution is silent on the way forward. Given the fact that most of the judiciary does not have any knowledge of the content of living customary law and the fact that there are fundamental differences between the evidentiary rules applied in the common and customary laws of South Africa, a few problems are bound to surface when litigating issues involving the customary law. They include: the status of customary law in the South African legal system; the applicability of customary law; and especially the determination of living customary law. The aim of this analysis is to determine if the existing evidentiary rules are appropriate to deal with these challenges in litigating matters involving customary law in the ordinary courts.
A nonviolent pedagogical approach for Life Orientation teacher development: the Alternatives to Violence Project
Authors: Lamb Shena , Snodgrass Lyn
Published: October 2017

Violence in South African schools seems to be increasing and the consequences affect not only the physical, emotional, and academic lives of learners but also their resistance to delinquent and criminal behaviour. Because the foundations for youth violence are laid in early adolescence, violence prevention in schools is a critical need. Life orientation (LO) as a compulsory school subject could play a key role in helping South African learners deal with the different manifestations of violence, especially understanding the nature of the institutionalised violence of colonialism and apartheid. LO can also nurture learners' personal development and life skills to increase their sense of agency, a key factor in both violence prevention and learners' decolonisation processes. However, various South African studies attest to the current low status of LO in the school curriculum as well as the difficulties of teaching LO. Many of these studies also mention the inadequacy of LO teachers' preparation for meaningful LO teaching. Given that equipping current-day South African learners with the self-empowerment skills necessary for preventing everyday conflicts from escalating into violence also entails this complex decolonisation process to liberate them of past or still present oppressions, this paper contends that LO teachers need to have first participated in such self-development processes themselves. For these reasons, this article proposes a specific development strategy to support LO teachers, namely, that they participate in workshops of the Alternatives to Violence Project (AVP),1 which applies a nonviolent pedagogical approach in its focus on self-empowerment and creative conflict management. The article discusses the benefits of such an approach and conceptually explores how AVP has the potential to provide LO teachers with practical strategies for creative, affirming responses to conflict and violence.
Cultivating social entrepreneurial capacities in students through film: implications for social entrepreneurship education
Authors: Waghid Zayd , Oliver Henry
Published: October 2017

In South Africa, the economic, social, and political institutions designed to provide for the basic needs and fundamental rights of all citizens in society are failing to address the escalating socioeconomic problems for large segments of the population. Studies suggest that the provision of entrepreneurship education strengthens the entrepreneurial capacity of students to launch new ventures, which has economic implications in society (Mars, Slaughter, & Rhoades, 2008). Although much progress has been made, the authors argue that social entrepreneurship (SE) is not adequately taught in South African schools, and that this could be partially addressed by introducing SE education into the curriculum for preservice educators. In this regard, teaching and learning activities should be directed towards enhancing preservice teachers' sense of SE theory, and practical knowledge to inculcate an awareness of how SE can help deal with social injustices. Using a distinct case study that explicates teaching and learning through the use of film and online discussion groups, the authors show how spaces can be created to facilitate deliberative pedagogical engagement. The authors conclude that SE education offers valuable opportunities for dialogical (deliberative) pedagogical engagement, and should be considered as a constitutive element of higher education.
MmuPV1 L1- cytokeratin dual immunofluorescence using home-based tyramide signal amplification v1
Authors: Uberoi Aayushi
Published: October 2017

To accomplish MmuPV L1-K14 double fluorescent staining we made use of tyramide-based signal amplification (TSA) technique. This technique allows for easy multiplexing of immunofluorescent staining but perhaps its biggest advantage is that it permits double immunofluorescent staining using two unconjugated primary antisera raised in the same species. We have adopted a home-based method of TSA staining using reagents as described previously for performing L1-K14 dual fluorescent staining. The general principle of TSA staining is described in Fig. 1. The first step involves staining of viral capsid using rabbit sera raised against L1 followed by HRP conjugated secondary antibody. The HRP-conjugated 2o antibody is then biotinylated using biotin conjugated with tyramide. We can then proceed to stain with antibody against cytokeratin-14 (raised in same species as L1 antibody, i.e. rabbit). Both antibodies can now be detected easily – i.e. L1 can be detected with anti-Streptavidin and K14 can be detected with an anti-rabbit 2o antibody. Several commercial kits also exist for performing TSA-based staining (e.g. PerkinElmer, Pierce and Thermo Scientific) and are being used readily in several laboratories.
A Retrospective Audit of Dental Treatment Provided to Special Needs Patients under General Anesthesia During a Ten-Year Period
Authors: Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Yiu Cynthia Kar Y
Published: October 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive audit of dental treatment provided to special needs patients (SNP) under general anesthesia (GA) over a ten-year period. Study design: Special needs patients who received dental treatment under GA as an in-patient at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR during the time period January 2002 and December 2011 were included in the study. The study population was divided into three groups, based on age (<6years, 6–12 years, >12 years). One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of “age group” on duration of treatment, post-recovery time, treatment procedures and utilization of different restorative materials. Kappa statistics were used for intra-examiner reliability. Results: A total of 275 patients (174 males and 101 females) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients at the time they received GA was 12.37±10.18 years. Dental procedures performed were mostly restorative in nature (47%). The >12 years group had significantly shorter treatment duration (p<0.05). No significant difference in post-operative recovery time was observed among the three age groups (p>0.05). The <6 years group received significantly less preventive, but more restorative procedures (p<0.05). Significantly fewer extractions were performed in the 6–12 years group (p<0.05). The use of composite restorations was significantly higher in the <6 years group; while amalgam restorations were more frequently used in the >12 years group (P<0.05). Stainless steel crowns were more frequently employed in SNP under 12 years of age (p<0.05). Intra-examiner reliability was good (k=0.94). Conclusions: Most of the dental procedures performed under GA on SNP were restorative procedures. For children less than 6 years of age, had longer treatment time under GA. Composite restorations and stainless steel crowns were more frequently used in the primary dentition and amalgam restorations were more frequently employed in the permanent dentition.
Maturation of the Middle Phalanx of the Third Finger: A Comparative Study between Right and Left Hand
Authors: Gracco Antonio , Bruno Giovanni , De Stefani Alberto , Siviero Laura , Perri Alessandro , Stellini Edoardo
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Recently a classification of patient's skeletal age based on the phalanx maturation, The Middle Phalanx Maturation of the third finger (MPM) method, was suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is a difference in MPM between the right and left hand. Study design: Two hundred fifty-four patients were obtained from the Complex Operating Unit of Orthodontics of Padua University Hospital. The total sample size has been selected by appropriate statistical calculations resulting in 130 patients. It was decided to further double the sample size of a previous study to ensure a robust statistical analysis. Radiographs of the right and left were obtained using the MPM method. Stages were compared using the right hand as a reference. The statistical analysis (Fisher exact test) was performed for the entire sample and related to gender in order to compare the right and the left hand stages. Results: In MPS2, 6 out 49 (12.2%) males and 7 out 27 females (25.9%) showed MPS3 in the left hand (p-value < 0.05). In all other stages, a total agreement (100%) was found. Conclusion: The authors confirm the use of the right hand as reference. In patients with MPS2 an additional radiograph on the left hand can be taken in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy. In all other stages other radiographs are not needed as a total agreement between the right and left hand was found.
Radiographic Description of the Distribution of Aggressive Periodontitis in Primary Teeth
Authors: Bimstein Enrique
Published: October 2017

Objective: To describe the prevalence by site and tooth of aggressive periodontists (AP) in primary teeth of children with AP, that will facilitate the early diagnosis of AP.

Study design: Radiographic evidence of AP by tooth and site of primary teeth of 29 children with AP was analyzed by gender, ethnicity, type of dentition (primary or mixed), alveolar bone site and type of tooth. Results: The range and mean ± standard error of number of sites and teeth per patient with AP were 4 to 28, 13.1±1.2 and 4 to 12, 8.3±0.5 respectively. The differences in prevalence of AP by gender, ethnicity, dentition and homologous sites at both sides of the mouth were not statistically significant (Chi square). AP was mostly diagnosed at the distal area of the maxillary canine, the proximal areas of the first maxillary primary molars, and the distal area of the mandibular first primary molar. The most affected teeth with AP were the first primary molars followed by the maxillary cuspid, and the second molars. Conclusions: Examination of children's primary teeth should include abnormal mobility, when found it should be followed by radiographic evaluation for the presence of AP, taking in consideration the present findings.
Estimation of Trace Elements in Mixed Saliva of Caries Free and Caries Active Children
Authors: Sekhri Punya , Sandhu Meera , Sachdev Vinod , Chopra Radhika
Published: October 2017

Objective: Composition of saliva plays an important role in defining the dental caries risk for an individual. The role of trace elements present in saliva on dental caries is still not clear. Thus this study was designed to evaluate the effect of certain salivary trace elements like copper, potassium, fluoride, selenium and lead on the caries experience of children. Study Design: 60 subjects in the age group of 3–15 years were selected and divided into two groups, caries active and caries free. 5 ml of unstimulated saliva from each subject was collected and analyzed for the levels of trace elements using Induced Couple Plasma Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Results: Copper and Fluoride levels were significantly higher in caries free as compared to caries active individuals whereas Lead was significantly higher in caries active as compared to caries free children (p-value<0.05). Potassium and Selenium though present in appreciable amounts did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: In caries free subjects, copper and fluoride levels were significantly higher while the level of lead was lower as compared to caries-active children. Potassium and selenium did not show any significant differences within the two groups.
Os temas, figuras e isotopias em Ítalo Calvino
Authors: Santiago Maria Magda De Lima
Published: October 2017

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A atuação de itens lexicais sumarizadores na organização tópica do discurso
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes
Published: October 2017

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Um estudo toponímico do Pelourinho
Authors: Lima Joana Angélica Santos
Published: October 2017

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A produção de resenha acadêmica no ensino superior
Authors: Silva Ana Virgínia Lima da
Published: October 2017

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Ecos de passionalidade e a herança materna: uma breve análise da construção de imagens do feminino em Lavourarcaica
Authors: Figueiredo Allana Mátar de
Published: October 2017

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E o verbo se fez carne – que se fez outro verbo: imagens do corpo em Murilo Rubião
Authors: Cabral Cleber Araújo
Published: October 2017

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O ideograma e a poesia concreta brasileira: um estudo de dois poemas de Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Santos Karoline Biscardi
Published: October 2017

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Apresentação
Authors: Amaral Luana , Souza Elizete Maria De
Published: October 2017

Para acessar o texto de apresentação, abra o arquivo em .pdf.
Virulence comparison of human and poultry Campylobacter jejuni isolates in a mouse model
Authors: Vučković Darinka , Šikić Pogačar Maja , Raspor Peter , Abram Maja , Smole Možina Sonja , Klančnik Anja
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Research into Campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis and host responses to C. jejuni infection is needed in the fight against human campylobacteriosis.Methods: We established intravenous infections of BALB/c mice with either a C. jejuni food isolate or C. jejuni of human origin. Further we include PCR to demonstrate the presence and stability of the putative virulence genes cadF, virbB11, cdtB, cdtC, ceuE in C. jejuni isolates and we examined cytokine production of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 in the livers of these infected mice.Results: We confirm here the presence of the cadF, cdtB, cdtC and ceuE genes in a food and a clinical C. jejuni isolate, with no sequence changes after the C. jejuni sub-culturing in a food model and when recovered from mouse liver after infection. Both of these C. jejuni isolates persisted in the mouse livers and activated comparable cytokine patterns for IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10, with down-regulation of IL-6.Conclusions: These data show the comparability of these C. jejuni food and clinical isolates in terms of the prevalence and stability of their putative virulence genes and the outcome of disease during systemic murine campylobacteriosis.
Social networks, social satisfaction and place attachment in the neighborhood
Authors: Weijs-Perrée Minou , Van den Berg Pauline , Arentze Theo , Kemperman Astrid
Published: October 2017

Feeling socially integrated and being satisfied with one’s social life are important indicators for happiness and well-being of individuals and for the strength of local communities. The effect of the living environment on social networks and the importance of local social contacts in the neighborhood has been addressed by many studies. However, social satisfaction has received little attention in these studies. The aim of this study is to describe and predict the effect of personal and neighborhood characteristics on social satisfaction mediated by the impact of place attachment and neighborhood networks. A path analysis is used based on survey and diary data collected between April and May 2014 in Eindhoven and surroundings in the Netherlands among 177 respondents. Results show that social characteristics of the neighborhood play an important role in explaining social satisfaction of individuals. In addition, results confirm the importance of participating in social activities and walking or cycling in the neighborhood.
Medical Training Experience and Expectations Regarding Future Medical Practice of Medical Students at the University of Cape Verde
Authors: Delgado Antonio Pedro , Martins Antonieta Soares , Ferrinho Paulo
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Cape Verde is a small insular developing state. Its first experience of undergraduate medical education began in October 2015. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations and profile of the first class of medical students at the University of Cape Verde.Material and Methods: A piloted, standardized questionnaire, with closed and open-ended questions, was distributed to registered medical students attending classes on the day of the survey. All data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Students decided to study medicine in their mid-teens with relatives and friends having had significant influence over their decisions. Other major reasons for choosing medical training include “to take care of other people”, “fascination for the subject matters of medicine” and “I have always wanted to”. The degree of feminization of the student population is extremely high (20/25; 80.0%). Medical students are in general satisfied with the training program, and have expectations that the training received will allow them to be good professionals. Nevertheless, they consider the course too theoretical. Medical students know that this represents an opportunity for them to contribute to public welfare. Nonetheless, their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work. Medical students come mostly from Santiago Island where the Capital of the Country is located. They still do not know about their future area of specialization. But all of those who want to specialize want to do so abroad. They mostly expect to follow hospital careers rather than health administration or family and community medicine.Discussion: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge about medical students’ difficulties and expectations regarding medical schools or curriculums in lusophone countries. The decision to invest in the training of local physicians is justified by the need to be less dependent on foreigners. Local postgraduate medical training programs are already considered a priority for the immediate future.Conclusion: Cape Verde is pursuing a bold strategy to deal with a shortage of medical doctors. The problems experienced by medical students provide an important insight to help the new medical school to provide a better learning environment for students. The fact that students are not sure about their future area of specialization is an opportunity to guide them towards the areas of the health system with pressing needs. The current feminization of the medical workforce will be sustained with the profile of the present intake, hence the need to take this into account in workforce planning.
Partial Red Blood Cell Exchange in Children and Young Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Manual Versus Automated Procedure
Authors: Escobar Carlos , Moniz Marta , Nunes Pedro , Abadesso Clara , Ferreira Teresa , Barra António , Lichtner Anabela , Loureiro Helena , Dias Alexandra , Almeida Helena
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The benefits of manual versus automated red blood cell exchange have rarely been documented and studies in young sickle cell disease patients are scarce. We aim to describe and compare our experience in these two procedures.Material and Methods: Young patients (≤ 21 years old) who underwent manual- or automated-red blood cell exchange for prevention or treatment of sickle cell disease complications were included. Clinical, technical and hematological data were prospectively recorded and analyzed.Results: Ninety-four red blood cell exchange sessions were performed over a period of 68 months, including 57 manual and 37 automated, 63 for chronic complications prevention, 30 for acute complications and one in the pre-operative setting. Mean decrease in sickle hemoglobin levels was higher in automated-red blood cell exchange (p < 0.001) and permitted a higher sickle hemoglobin level decrease per volume removed (p < 0.001), while hemoglobin and hematocrit remained stable. Ferritin levels on chronic patients decreased 54%. Most frequent concern was catheter outflow obstruction on manual-red blood cell exchange and access alarm on automated-red blood cell exchange. No major complication or alloimunization was recorded.Discussion: Automated-red blood cell exchange decreased sickle hemoglobin levels more efficiently than manual procedure in the setting of acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease, with minor technical concerns mainly due to vascular access. The threshold of sickle hemoglobin should be individualized for clinical and hematological goals. In our cohort of young patients, the need for an acceptable venous access was a limiting factor, but iron-overload was avoided.Conclusion: Automated red blood cell exchange is safe and well tolerated. It permits a higher sickle hemoglobin removal efficacy, better volume status control and iron-overload avoidance.
No Superior Interesse da Criança: Os Contributos da Pedopsiquiatria
Authors: Leite Víitor Ferreira , Araújo Carla , Cartaxo Teresa , Veiga Luísa , Loureiro Mário Jorge
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A atividade médico-legal, no âmbito da Pedopsiquiatria, consiste numa avaliação por solicitação dos Tribunais, para os assessorar no exercício da Justiça da família / da criança.Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo, que englobou 233 pedidos de exames periciais e informações clínicas de dois pedopsiquiatras do Serviço de Pedopsiquiatria do Hospital Pediátrico do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, entre 1998 - 2012.Resultados: Foram analisados aspetos biográficos, psicopatologia subjacente e contexto sociofamiliar. Foram avaliados também os tempos de resposta nos diferentes momentos do processo, a proveniência e a natureza dos pedidos, bem como o tipo de processo que lhes deu origem. Os autores identificaram, para cada caso, os profissionais envolvidos no processo e a eventual necessidade de comparência em Tribunal. Perante a existência de quesitos, avaliaram a capacidade de resposta aos mesmos, as dificuldades periciais e respetivas soluções encontradas, bem como a existência ou não de recomendações.Discussão: Os resultados obtidos foram ao encontro da literatura e experiência clínica relativamente aos dados demográficos e psicopatologia. Quanto às principais dificuldades sentidas, identificaram-se diversos aspetos passíveis de aperfeiçoamento, por ambas as partes, com vista a uma melhor articulação entre a Saúde e a Justiça.Conclusão: Com este trabalho foi possível refletir acerca da atividade forense dos autores, visando facilitar a articulação da Pedopsiquiatria com os Tribunais, em prol do verdadeiro superior interesse das crianças/adolescentes e suas famílias.
Controlo de Dor, Infeção Local, Satisfação, Efeitos Adversos e Dor Residual no Pós-Operatório de Cirurgia Abdominal Major: Epidural versus Infusão Contínua da Ferida Cirúrgica (PAMA Trial)
Authors: Araújo Rita , Marques Céline , Fernandes David , Almeida Emanuel , Alves Joana , Rodrigues Mariana , Ferreira Miguel , Bernardo Ricardo , Santa-Bárbara Rita , Freitas Sara , Xavier Célia , Neves Isabel
Published: October 2017

Introdução: O controlo da dor no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal major é um desafio para o Anestesiologista. A otimização da analgesia no pós-operatório melhora o prognóstico e a evolução clínica contribuindo igualmente para a satisfação do doente e redução da morbimortalidade. O objetivo principal deste estudo randomizado é efetuar a análise comparativa em termos de eficácia de uma técnica pouco convencional e ainda pouco implementada, infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica, e a técnica atualmente considerada gold standard, analgesia via epidural, no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal major.Material e Métodos: Foram randomizados 50 doentes submetidos a cirurgia abdominal por laparotomia mediana com incisão xifopúbica para receber analgesia pós-operatória por um esquema via epidural (n = 25) ou via infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica (n = 25) durante 48 horas. Os critérios de eficácia foram baseados na análise da dor em repouso (escala numérica de dor < 4/10) às 24 horas de pós-operatório. Foram ainda avaliados os scores de dor às seis, 12 e 48 horas e aos três meses de pós-operatório, assim como a incidência de efeitos adversos às 48 horas de pós-operatório, grau de satisfação pessoal e dor residual após 3 meses.Resultados: A proporção de doentes com controlo bem-sucedido da dor pós-operatória foi de 84% para infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica e 60% para analgesia via epidural. No grupo infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica com dor não controlada, todos os doentes classificaram a dor abaixo de 6/10 às 24 horas de pós-operatório. A incidência de náuseas, vómitos, prurido ou íleus foi menor no grupo infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica, com resultado estatisticamente significativo para recuperação da função intestinal. Verificou-se um caso de toxicidade sistémica de anestésico local com um episódio de extrassístolia ventricular frequente sem repercussão hemodinâmica, que cessaram após suspensão da perfusão contínua de anestésico local por via epidural.Discussão: A análise de eficácia sugere que a técnica de infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica é uma técnica com eficácia e segurança, sendo até melhor que a analgesia via epidural no controlo da dor pós-operatória de cirurgia abdominal major. Esta técnica está associada a melhor controlo analgésico, com menor incidência de efeitos adversos, elevado grau de satisfação pessoal e ausência de dor residual, contribuindo para uma otimização da recuperação e alta precoce.Conclusão: A infusão contínua da ferida cirúrgica é uma técnica eficaz, que deve ser implementada na analgesia de pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal major, tendo vantagens quando comparada com a analgesia epidural, nomeadamente na menor incidência de efeitos adversos.Registo: Ensaio clínico não registado.
Aterosclerose Precoce na População Pediátrica Infetada pelo VIH: Revisão da Literatura e Abordagem Clínica
Authors: Martins Paula , Castela Eduardo , Rocha Graça , Sena Cristina , Seiça Raquel
Published: October 2017

As crianças e adolescentes infetados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana representam um grupo pediátrico com risco acrescido de doença cardiovascular precoce. O próprio vírus, a terapêutica antirretrovírica e os estilos de vida estabelecem um complexo conjunto interatuante de fatores que promove a aterosclerose acelerada. Este processo é provavelmente mediado por dislipidémia, alterações do metabolismo glicídico, inflamação crónica com disfunção endotelial e um estado pro-trombótico. A abordagem clínica desta população para prevenção cardiovascular é baseada sobretudo num tratamento eficaz da infeção, na redução dos fatores de risco modificáveis e na promoção de hábitos saudáveis.
Défice de Vitamina B12 na Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Authors: Bello Carlos Tavares , Capitão Ricardo Miguel , Duarte João Sequeira , Azinheira Jorge , Vasconcelos Carlos
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma entidade comum, afetando até 13,1% da população portuguesa. Para além das conhecidas complicações micro e macrovasculares, as iatrogenias medicamentosas tornaram-se uma crescente preocupação contribuindo para as observadas alterações das recomendações terapêuticas, que cada vez mais privilegiam a segurança em detrimento da eficácia. A metformina é o agente farmacológico de primeira linha na maioria dos doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, contudo, está descrita a associação com défice de vitamina B12 em até 30% dos doentes. Os autores descrevem a prevalência de défice de vitamina B12 numa população diabética e os possíveis fatores associados à mesma.Material e Métodos: Foi efectuado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional no qual foram registados os dados clínico-laboratoriais de doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com doseamentos de B12 na última década (2005 - 2016). Foram excluídos doentes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica e com síndromes malabsorptivos conhecidos. Foi efectuada análise estatística dos dados e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos para p < 0,05.Resultados: Foram estudados 1007 doentes com uma idade média de 66,4 ± 12,2 anos e 11 ± 10,4 anos de evolução da diabetes mellitus tipo 2, das quais 58% eram mulheres. Apresentavam uma elevada prevalência de complicações: doença renal diabética 47,7%, neuropatia 9,2%, retinopatia 14,9%, doença coronária 8,4%, doença vascular cerebral 10,9% e doença arterial periférica 5,5%. O défice de B12 (< 174 ng/dL) foi documentado em 21,4% da população e neste subgrupo constatou-se uma idade mais avançada (68,4 vs 65,8 anos; p = 0,006), maior duração da diabetes (13,35 vs 10,36 anos; p = 0,001), maior prevalência de retinopatia (20,9% vs 13,3%; p = 0,005) e disfunção tiroideia (34% vs 23,7%; p = 0,002). O défice de B12 foi mais frequente nos doentes expostos à metformina (24,7% vs 15,8%; p = 0,017), antiagregantes (25,4% vs 16,2%; p < 0,001) e bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio (26,8% vs 18,2%; p = 0,001). Após ajuste para factores de confundimento, a metformina, hipotiroidismo, idade e anos de evolução da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mantiveram uma associação estatisticamente significativa, o que não se verificou com a retinopatia e os bloqueadoresdos canais de cálcio.Discussão: Apesar do desenho retrospectivo, os resultados alertam para a elevada prevalência do défice de vitamina B12 na população com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O presente estudo demonstra que o risco parece ser maior em populações com idades mais avançadas, com maior tempo de evolução da diabetes mellitus, com hipotiroidismo e sob metformina.Conclusão: São necessários mais estudos para que se possam identificar os factores de risco para o défice de B12. O reconhecimento dessas variáveis contribuirá para optimizar o rastreio e prevenção do défice de B12 na diabetes mellitus tipo 2.