bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FULLY SELF-CONSISTENT MULTI-LAYERED MODEL OF JUPITER
Authors: Kong Dali , Zhang Keke , Schubert Gerald
Published: July 2016

We construct a three-dimensional, fully self-consistent, multi-layered, non-spheroidal model of Jupiter consisting of an inner core, a metallic electrically conducting dynamo region, and an outer molecular electrically insulating envelope. We assume that the Jovian zonal winds are on cylinders parallel to the rotation axis but, due to the effect of magnetic braking, are confined within the outer molecular envelope. We also assume that the location of the molecular-metallic interface is characterized by its equatorial radius

, where R

e
is the equatorial radius of Jupiter at the 1 bar pressure level and H is treated as a parameter of the model. We solve the relevant mathematical problem via a perturbation approach. The leading-order problem determines the density, size, and shape of the inner core, the irregular shape of the 1 bar pressure level, and the internal structure of Jupiter that accounts for the full effect of rotational distortion, but without the influence of the zonal winds; the next-order problem determines the variation of the gravitational field solely caused by the effect of the zonal winds on the rotationally distorted non-spheroidal Jupiter. The leading-order solution produces the known mass, the known equatorial and polar radii, and the known zonal gravitational coefficient J
2 of Jupiter within their error bars; it also yields the coefficients J
4 and J
6 within about 5% accuracy, the core equatorial radius

and the core density

corresponding to 3.73 Earth masses; the next-order solution yields the wind-induced variation of the zonal gravitational coefficients of Jupiter.
LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AROUND A z = 2.1 CLUSTER
Authors: Hung (洪肇伶) Chao-Ling , Casey Caitlin M. , Chiang Yi-Kuan , Capak Peter L. , Cowley Michael J. , Darvish Behnam , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Kovač K. , Lilly Simon J. , Nanayakkara Themiya , Spitler Lee R. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Yuan Tiantian
Published: July 2016

The most prodigious starburst galaxies are absent in massive galaxy clusters today, but their connection with large-scale environments is less clear at

. We present a search of large-scale structure around a galaxy cluster core at z = 2.095 using a set of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We find that both color-selected star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) show significant overdensities around the z = 2.095 cluster. A total of eight DSFGs (including three X-ray luminous active galactic nuclei, AGNs) and 34 SFGs are found within a 10′ radius (corresponds to ∼15 cMpc at

) from the cluster center and within a redshift range of

, which leads to galaxy overdensities of

and

. The cluster core and the extended DSFG- and SFG-rich structures together demonstrate an active cluster formation phase, in which the cluster is accreting a significant amount of material from large-scale structure while the more mature core may begin to virialize. Our finding of this DSFG-rich structure, along with a number of other protoclusters with excess DSFGs and AGNs found to date, suggest that the overdensities of these rare sources indeed trace significant mass overdensities. However, it remains puzzling how these intense star formers are triggered concurrently. Although an increased probability of galaxy interactions and/or enhanced gas supply can trigger the excess of DSFGs, our stacking analysis based on 850 μm images and morphological analysis based on rest-frame optical imaging do not show such enhancements of merger fraction and gas content in this structure.
ACCELERATION OF COMPACT RADIO JETS ON SUB-PARSEC SCALES
Authors: Lee Sang-Sung , Lobanov Andrei P. , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Zensus J. Anton
Published: July 2016

Jets of compact radio sources are highly relativistic and Doppler boosted, making studies of their intrinsic properties difficult. Observed brightness temperatures can be used to study the intrinsic physical properties of relativistic jets, and constrain models of jet formation in the inner jet region. We aim to observationally test such inner jet models. The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) cores of compact radio sources are optically thick at a given frequency. The distance of the core from the central engine is inversely proportional to the frequency. Under the equipartition condition between the magnetic field energy and particle energy densities, the absolute distance of the VLBI core can be predicted. We compiled the brightness temperatures of VLBI cores at various radio frequencies of 2, 8, 15, and 86 GHz. We derive the brightness temperature on sub-parsec scales in the rest frame of the compact radio sources. We find that the brightness temperature increases with increasing distance from the central engine, indicating that the intrinsic jet speed (the Lorentz factor) increases along the jet. This implies that the jets are accelerated in the (sub-)parsec regions from the central engine.
FERMI-LAT GAMMA-RAY DETECTIONS OF CLASSICAL NOVAE V1369 CENTAURI 2013 AND V5668 SAGITTARII 2015
Authors: Cheung C. C. , Jean P. , Shore S. N. , Stawarz Ł. , Corbet R. H. D. , Knödlseder J. , Starrfield S. , Wood D. L. , Desiante R. , Longo F. , Pivato G. , Wood K. S.
Published: July 2016

We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detections of high-energy (>100 MeV) γ-ray emission from two recent optically bright classical novae, V1369 Centauri 2013 and V5668 Sagittarii 2015. At early times, Fermi target-of-opportunity observations prompted by their optical discoveries provided enhanced LAT exposure that enabled the detections of γ-ray onsets beginning ∼2 days after their first optical peaks. Significant γ-ray emission was found extending to 39–55 days after their initial LAT detections, with systematically fainter and longer-duration emission compared to previous γ-ray-detected classical novae. These novae were distinguished by multiple bright optical peaks that encompassed the time spans of the observed γ-rays. The γ-ray light curves and spectra of the two novae are presented along with representative hadronic and leptonic models, and comparisons with other novae detected by the LAT are discussed.
Le sentant et le senti
Authors: Vinson Alain
Published: July 2016

Si l’activité de nos organes des sens est différente de celle de notre cerveau, sans pour autant en être distincte, puisqu’elle est, comme elle, de nature corporelle, en revanche, ce que nous sentons, sans pour autant être différent de nos sensations, en est tout à fait distinct. De plus, si ce qui par nous est senti n’est ni différent ni distinct de nous qui sentons, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il n’y a pas une seule de nos sensations, toutes indivisibles, qui ne soit un mixte d’activité et de passivité. Enfin, nos organes des sens, qui nous servent à sentir, ont beau être tout à la fois sentants et sentis, nous ne les sentons jamais en tant que sentants.
Comment les consommateurs gèrent-ils leur culpabilité post-consommation ? Une typologie des consommateurs selon les stratégies de coping adoptées
Authors: Saintives Camille
Published: July 2016

Cet article étudie les stratégies de coping mises en place par les consommateurs suite à leur culpabilité post-consommation. Une typologie est réalisée pour décrire les classes de consommateurs qui se distinguent selon l’utilisation qu’ils font de ces stratégies. Elle fait apparaître 4 classes qui sont ensuite définies par des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, individuelles et situationnelles.
Thomas d’Aquin et l’analogie théologico-politique du bien commun
Authors: Barlier Antoine
Published: July 2016

Les usages de la notion de « bien commun » sont multiples chez Thomas d’Aquin et s’appliquent à des réalités diverses. En étudiant la cohérence de sa pensée politique, qu’il est possible de qualifier en un certain sens de « théologie politique », une conception analogique du bien commun semble apparaître clairement. Cet horizon trouve son origine dans les sources à la fois théologiques, philosophiques et juridiques auxquelles Thomas d’Aquin vient puiser pour forger une doctrine politique originale.
L’héritage des conciles anciens
Authors: Meunier Bernard
Published: July 2016

Le phénomène conciliaire s’est développé dans l’Église ancienne, surtout à partir du iii e siècle, avant de donner naissance à un type particulier, le concile œcuménique, qui apparaît en 325 (Nicée) avant d’être progressivement pensé comme tel, au cours des décennies de la crise arienne, puis grâce au travail de clarification fait à Chalcédoine qui définit une liste exhaustive de conciles œcuméniques, inaugurant ainsi un nouvel aspect de la tradition et de l’autorité dans l’Église, qu’il faudra apprendre à conjuguer avec celle de l’Écriture et, plus tard et sur un autre plan, avec celle du pape. La méthode théologique enrichit dans cette pluralité de sources sa dimension herméneutique, qui ne la quittera plus.
Medical Engineering Education based on the Spiral Approach
Authors: Ovadia-Blechman Zehava , Muller Ido , Naftali Sara
Published: July 2016

The goal of Medical Engineering (ME) education is to qualify students to become engineers who can provide technological solutions to problems encountered in medical environments. The undergraduate program of ME has been emerging as a distinct discipline at academic institutions. Students in this program undergo extensive training in both medicine and engineering sciences. This manuscript presents the curriculum of the ME bachelor's degree program at Afeka College of Engineering, which is designed according to the spiral approach. This approach is based on iterative revisiting of topics, such that with each encounter, levels of difficulty and sophistication are increased, new learning is related to previous learning, and students' competency is enhanced. A survey of students and graduates indicates that the approach greatly contributes to an integrative understanding of the studied material. Our experience of using this approach suggests that it fosters a holistic perspective and that it provides graduates with skills for dealing with industrial and academy challenges. This manuscript could contribute for anyone who develops or improves curriculum, particularly in a multidisciplinary program.
Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide as a Core Sample Processing Solvent on Invertebrate Biomass
Authors: Hagy Heath M. , McKnight J. Scot
Published: July 2016

Scientists estimate biomass of invertebrates to evaluate wetland management practices, estimate energetic carrying capacity for wildlife, assess habitat condition and disturbance, and quantify ecosystem services. For waterfowl and other waterbirds in North America, carrying capacity in migratory and wintering regions is estimated using food density, of which invertebrates can be a significant component. However, we are not aware of previous literature that has described the effects of reagents used during core sample processing on invertebrate biomass and abundance. We tested the effects of hydrogen peroxide on aquatic invertebrates to determine whether a reagent used to disassociate soils during core sample processing biased estimates of biomass and abundance. Wet masses of chironomid larvae were less (x̄ = 23.5% loss) in samples exposed to hydrogen peroxide than those exposed only to tap water and biomass decreased approximately 2.9% with each minute of exposure time. Dry mass of larvae was less in samples exposed to hydrogen peroxide than in those exposed only to tap water (x̄ = 2.5% loss), but we did not detect an effect of exposure time on mass lost. Hydrogen peroxide did not influence the abundance of macro- or microinvertebrates in test samples. Thus, bias associated with dry mass estimates of invertebrates from core samples treated with hydrogen peroxide is likely minimal in terms of application in energetic carrying capacity models. However, use of hydrogen peroxide during core sample processing may cause significant bias if biomass estimates are based on wet mass.
Critical Analysis of the Influence of Transnational Capitalism on Institutions and Organizations
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2016

This chapter aims to analyze the development of capitalism and its influences on institutions and organizations from its beginnings to reach the highest stage in the processes of neoliberal economic globalization and the New Economy version with supports of information and communication technologies. In raising this development from a critical analysis, it examines the impacts and effects on individuals, communities and the nation state. Subsequently it is questioned the scope of the imposed transnational neoliberal capitalism model. Finally, it is concluded that it needs a cultural transformation for not accepting the forms of domination, power and alignment of globalizing capitalism and to reconstruct the identity of communities through individual action and asserting collective self-determination, independence and self-management. To a certain extent, this analysis finds that evolution and globalization support divergence more than convergence.
Strategic-Spatial Analysis of the Implementation of Business Opening Politics of Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this present chapter is to analyze the Mexican implementation strategy of trade policy openness due to the globalization trend, urging the country to create a series of trade agreements and treaties on free movement of goods and regional integration, becoming the country with the network of the world's largest trade agreements, increasing its presence and Mexican companies in international markets. Similarly, a spatial analysis of the last five governmental periods, comprising 26 years of foreign trade policies and its impact on foreign investments, foreign trade and main multinationals in Mexico, are done forcing them to centering in competitive productive processes and improving their internal organization, innovation and development.
Sustainable Supply Chains
Authors: Gurtu Amulya , Searcy Cory , Jaber Mohamad Y.
Published: July 2016

This chapter discusses sustainability in supply chains. It starts with a review of the concepts of sustainability and supply chain management; provides a discussion on the globalization of supply chains, its influence on sustainability, benefits of sustainable supply chains followed by the factors affecting the sustainability of supply chains, challenges in integrating sustainability into supply chains and managerial implications. It discusses the influence of supply chains on the triple bottom line. Examples of major factors affecting environmental and social sustainability include travel distances, modes of transportation, vessels used, frequency of trips, packaging materials, efficiencies of manufacturing processes, efficiencies in power generation/distribution, treatments given to polluted air/water generated during various processing from industries, expected product lifetime, manufactured quality of items, management of items failed during warranty or transportation, and the management of disposal of items, among others. The chapter concludes with a future research agenda.
A Waste Elimination Process
Authors: Mostafa Sherif , Dumrak Jantanee
Published: July 2016

The continuous improvement using waste elimination has been emphasized as the most important task of modern organizations. Lean manufacturing system has proved its capability to eliminate waste and produce environmental gains. The eight types of waste identified under lean have positive relations to green waste. In this chapter, a waste elimination process is suggested as an approach for lean sustainable outcomes. The process structure contains three consecutive phases: waste documentation, waste analysis, and waste removal. The techniques and tools of each phase are inclusively discussed.
Advocating Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Sustainability in Global Supply Chain
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: July 2016

This chapter aims to advocate Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) and sustainability in global supply chain, thus describing the overview of Supply Chain Management (SCM); the overview of SSCM; the overview of Triple Bottom Line (TBL); TBL measures in terms of social, environmental, and economic perspectives; the multifaceted applications of SSCM; the barriers to the implementation of SSCM; the overview of sustainability; the utilization of sustainability in global supply chain; and the sustainability aspects in global supply chain concerning risk management, transparency, strategy, and culture. This chapter performs a detailed literature review and uses the conceptual theory to introduce the concept of TBL to implement SSCM practices and to promote sustainability in global supply chain. The chapter argues that advocating SSCM and sustainability has the potential to enhance organizational performance and achieve business goals in global supply chain.
Nonlinear and Hysteretic Modelling of Magnetorheological Elastomer Base Isolator Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Yu Yang , Li Yan Cheng , Li Jian Chun , Gu Xiao Yu , Royel Sayed , Pokhrel Arati
Published: July 2016

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) base isolator is a semi-active control device which has currently obtained increasing attention in the field of vibration control of civil structures. However, the inherent nonlinear and hysteretic response of the device is regarded as a challenge aspect for using the smart device to realize the high performance. Therefore, an accurate and robust model is essential to make full use of these unique features for its engineering applications. In this paper, to solve this issue, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is utilized to characterize the dynamic behavior of the device. In this proposed model, the inputs are historical displacements and applied current of the device while the output is the shear force generated. To validate its forecast performance, the ANFIS model is also compared with some conventional models. Finally, the result verifies that ANFIS has the best perfection ability among existing MRE-based device models.
Wear Particle Analysis and the Evolution of the Plastically Deformed Layer on Australian Rail Steel
Authors: Athukorala Asitha C. , de Pellegrin Dennis V. , Battaglia Ben T. , Kourousis Kyriakos I.
Published: July 2016

Particle analysis methodology is presented, together with the morphology of the wear debris formed during rolling contact fatigue. Wear particles are characterised by their surface topography and in terms of wear mechanism. Rail-wheel materials are subjected to severe plastic deformation as the contact loading progresses, which contributes to a mechanism of major damage in head-hardened rail steel. Most of the current methodologies involve sectioning of the rail-wheel discs to trace material damage phenomena such as crack propagation and plastic strain accumulation. This paper proposes methodology to analyse the development of the plastically deformed layer by sectioning wear particles using the focussed ion beam (FIB) milling method. Moreover, it highlights the processes of oxidation and rail surface delamination during unlubricated rolling contact fatigue.
Study on Deformation Monitoring of Subway Station Deep Foundation Construction
Authors: Huang Lei , Duan Shao Wei , Zhu Kai Meng , Chen Wen Geng
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with the construction of the foundation pit of the East Station of Meixi Lake, belonging to Reme Area underground supporting transport system of Changsha, China. A description is given of the deformation monitoring of the open excavation. During site operations, the construction process monitoring data are continuously analyzed. It has been found that the deformations induced by the excavation of the foundation pit have some influence on the surrounding buildings. Monitoring of both horizontal pile-top displacement and ground surface settlements are extremely important to ensure safety of the neighboring constructions. Based on the monitoring information gathered during construction, engineers should adjust construction parameters to optimize the design at any moment, and adopt effective treatment measures to ensure the follow-up constructions can safely and successfully complete.
Experimental Investigation of Glass and Carbon FRCM Composite Materials Applied onto Concrete Supports
Authors: D'Antino Tommaso , Gonzalez Jaime , Pellegrino Carlo , Carloni Christian , Sneed Lesley H.
Published: July 2016

In recent decades the growing need for strengthening and retrofitting existing structures has led to the development of innovative strengthening materials. Fibre reinforced composites have been shown to be an effective strengthening solution for flexural and shear strengthening and for confinement of axially/eccentrically loaded elements. Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites, comprised of high-strength fibres and an inorganic matrix, are a newly-developed type of composite that has better resistance to high temperature and compatibility with the substrate than traditional fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This paper investigates the behaviour of FRCM composites comprised of a glass or carbon fibre net tested using single-lap direct-shear tests. Observations regarding the load response and failure mode of FRCM-concrete joints with different geometrical and mechanical characteristics are provided.
Effect of Substrate Temperature of on Properties of Cobalt Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition Technique
Authors: Chansaengsri Kasidid , Onlaor Korakot , Thiwawong Thutiyaporn , Tunhoo Benchapol
Published: July 2016

In this work, the influence of the substrate temperature on properties of cobalt oxide thin films has been reported. Cobalt oxide thin films were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition technique on glass substrate at different temperature of the substrate. The properties of cobalt oxide films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. In additional, the crystalline structural parameters can be performed from XRD data. Phase transformation of cobalt oxide films due to different substrate temperature was observed. Moreover, the optical properties of films were depended on the quantity of phase transition in cobalt oxide film.
Lifetime Simulation of Rechargeable Batteries for Solar Powered Fishing Lights
Authors: Bohn Gunther , Bayer Sven , Stolz M. , Ackva Ansgar , Arndt Bernhard
Published: July 2016

In the developing world artisanal fishermen use kerosene lanterns for night fishing. Solar powered fishing lights became an ecologic and economic alternative to the kerosene lanterns due to the development of high efficiency LED light sources and low price solar cells. In the last years several solar fishing light systems were developed. The choice of the battery technology influences the reliability and the operating cost of the fishing light, because the battery has the lowest lifetime of all components of the fishing light.In this paper we describe the results of a battery simulation over 5 years time: The battery is daily charged by a solar module and discharged by night fishing. The meteorological irradiation data of Tanzania are used. Different battery technologies (Lead Acid, Lithium-Ion, Lithium-Iron-Phosphate) are tried out.The results of the simulation are the battery lifetime, cost and waste mass per year dependent on the battery technology. The study shows, that the Lithium-Iron-Phosphate technology is the best choice in terms of these factors and to the advantage of the poverty-stricken fishermen at the Victoria Lake in Tanzania and the environment.
Determination of Surface Properties of Paper Towels with KES-F System
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Leung Maggie Hoi Man , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: July 2016

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the market. Their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) coefficient of friction (MIU), (ii) deviation of MIU (MMD) and (iii) geometric roughness (SMD). Experimental results revealed that the surface properties varied within the products. When different properties were correlated, it was found that there was not significantly relationship between MIU, MMD and SMD. However, weight and thickness had well statistically relationship to SMD.
Manager Online’s Policy and Management toward the Association in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
Authors: Khumma Pattarawan
Published: July 2016

. This research aims to examine the changes of policy, news management, and production of Manager Online website as Thailand is joining ASEAN economic community (AEC). In result, it was found that there are minor changes on the policy of Manager Online website in preparation for the association with ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) since its executive gave priority to Asia news from the beginning. The China’s corner news category collects various news and articles about China. Indochina news category suggests that its executive gives more precedence to ASEAN countries than other news agencies. In preparation for the association with ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, the website executive has added Japanese table news category in response to readers’ increasing interest in Japan. Moreover, Japan is important for ASEAN as it collaborates with ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6. The practitioners are satisfied with executive’s policy, the current web design and feedback. The website’s strength is in its content that meets the needs of working age people, who have purchasing power. And the advertisers are also satisfied with the existing number of web users and web content. To respond to the association with ASEAN Economic Community in the future, the webmaster look for additional sources of news in order to attain more news from other ASEAN countries apart from Indochina countries, for example, collaborating with knowledgeable persons in national and international mass media and academic societies to obtain accurate and interesting articles for the website. This is beneficial for creating distinctive point for competitive and educational purposes.
The Conclusion of quantitative research, from analysis on the questionnaire, it can be concluded that Manager Online website is able to satisfy the clients’ needs at satisfying level.
Effect of Welding on Hardness and Deformation Behavior of Polypropylene by Scratch Test
Authors: Boonchoo Thanaporn , Tharajak Jirasak
Published: July 2016

Hot gas welding has been used in the process of polypropylene (PP) welding in many applications. It was appropriate for various multipart productions such as plastic constructions, automotive parts, tanks and pipeline. However, the surface properties of welded areas were varied particularly at each zone and thus affected numerous scratch resistances. The microstructure of scratch trace, hardness and scratch wear rate were studied by scanning electron microscope, hardness tester and scratch tester, respectively. From the results, it was found that the deformation of PP was induced with welding process. The scratch trace was showed that it related with decreasing of hardness properties.
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from Biogas Production by Microalgae Chlorella sp.
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Hanthanyagram Korakote , Saithong Apinyaporn , Wongjaeng Thanatcha
Published: July 2016

In this study, the research team aimed to apply the use of biological capturing system of single cell algae, common microalgae species Chlorella sp. that have higher photosynthetic efficiencies in efficient capturing carbon dioxide. Here, , In the biological CO2 capturing process, biogas was pumped to the water recycling culturing medium, only CO2, not CH4, could dissolved efficiently with the sprayer and recycling medium system. The results showed the microorganisms could resist to methane except H2S and significantly induced at least 90-95% CO2 removal efficiency and increased in Cholerella sp. biomass production within 7 day cultivation compared the system without CO2 feeding (0.6 and 0.4 percentage (g/mL), respectively. Since the biological treatment approach was durable and could possibly further applied for treating flue carbon dioxide exhausted by power plant and fuel-types, and mitigating acid rain, heavy fuel oil, natural gas prevention.
High Performance Humidity Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Santhaveesuk T. , Siwawongkasem Kwunta , Pommek Siriwimon , Choopun Supab
Published: July 2016

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a low cost co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as the raw materials. It was observed that the synthesized temperatures greatly effect on the size of ZnO nanoparticles. The lower synthesized temperatures resulted in the smaller nanoparticles. By adjusting the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide, the size of ZnO nanoparticles was also changed. The smallest ZnO particles was 47 nm obtained with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide. The smallest ZnO nanoparticles from each synthesized temperatures were fabricated as humidity sensor, showing an impressive performance under different relative humidity (17-94% RH). It should be noticed that the ZnO nanoparticles humidity sensor synthesized at 75 °C exhibited high response for 2 times higher than that of synthesized at 95 °C. This is attributed to the higher surface area of ZnO nanoparticles for absorbed water molecule.
Pulsed LASER-(Micro)TIG Welding of Automotive Dissimilar Zn-Coated Advanced High Strength Steels Thin Sheets in Overlap Configuration
Authors: Bîrdeanu Aurel Valentin
Published: July 2016

The development and implementation into a high number of industrial applications of materials categorized as (Advanced) High Strength Steels (AHSS) due to their high performance per cost ratio is more and more present and this trend is also combined with the development and implementation of new joining technologies and processes, including laser-arc hybrid processes.The paper presents the results of applying Pulsed LASER-(micro)TIG hybrid welding process, for realizing overlap joints for Zn-coated (A)HSS materials in dissimilar configurations, joints that were presented as designed based on UltraLight Steel Auto Body (ULSAB) principles.The influence of main hybrid welding process parameters was investigated in order to establish if one can obtain joints with high values for the shear strength resistance for some of the actually used dissimilar steel combinations based on designs applied throughout ULSAB project and the autos built following these principles.
Micro Hardness in the Welded Area at Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Boca Mihai , Nagit Gheorghe , Slatineanu Laurentiu
Published: July 2016

The resistance spot welding process represents the welding technology used to obtain assemblies trough welded spots characterized by adequate mechanical properties. This assembly process is used mainly into the automotive, petroleum and naval industries. It is applied due to the significant advantages concerning the technology and service properties of the obtained assembly. This paper purposes a study concerning the micro hardness change of an assembly made by resistance welding spot. The entire process of plastic deformations together with the solidification step developed in the presence of the heat generated during welding process determines the mechanical characteristics of the welded spot and, of course, of the assembly obtained. In such conditions, depending on the changes developed during the welding process, the micro hardness of the welded spot varies between the fusion area (FA) and heat affected zone (HAZ). In this way, the graphical representation of the micro hardness repartition gives clues about the weakness areas which don’t correspond to the requirements. As input factors, in this study, the values of current intensity, the electrical current time and the force pressure were considered. In order to solve the proposed problem and to graphically highlight the variation of the micro hardness obtained for welded points, it was used a classical welding device and a micro hardness device analyzer. The graphical representation shows that the micro-hardness and, as a consequence, some mechanical properties changes in the specified region and in the entire mass of the welded spot changes. In this way, the structure of welded spot is characterized by a variation of the hardness in the interest areas.
Corrosion Behaviour of Duplex Treated EN 42CrMo4 Steel by Gas Nitriding and TiAlN PAPVD Deposition
Authors: Buzdugan Ramona Monica , Dan Mircea , Hulka Iosif , Dome Monioa , Feier Anamaria , Pascu Romulus , Simon Natanael
Published: July 2016

A Duplex treatment consisting in gas nitriding followed by PAPAVD deposition of TiAlN has been proposed as a solution for improving the corrosion behaviour of EN 42CrMo4 steel. The corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution was evaluated by linear polarization. It was found that the Duplex treated samples exhibited better corrosion resistance and that the corrosion rate decreased significantly from 0.069 mm an-1 (untreated samples) to 0.008 mm an -1 (Duplex treated).
Heat Affected Zone in Microwave Polymer Welding
Authors: Savu Sorin Vasile , Savu Ionel Dănuț , Benga Gabriel Constantin
Published: July 2016

This paper aims to present some specific aspects regarding the heat affected zone in microwave polymer welding. It presents several results of investigation of the physical and mechanical modification of the HDPE100 polymer when the microwave heating is applied. Burst stress, elongation and relaxation modulus are subject of this research, as well as the information regarding the crystallization rate and elongation viscosity. To reveal the type of the structure and its transformation, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used. The recorded values for rate of crystallization are appropriate for the welding process, but it has negative effect when plastic deformation at high temperature (as in the extrusion process) is applied. The microwave heating produced a 12-20% decreasing of the plasticity with the increasing of the amount of heat introduced into the material (from 65 W power and 10 s heating to 130 W and 40 s). After the microwave heating, the material showed low values for the elongation viscosity, which means not very fluid material and a necessity to apply high temperatures during the processing by welding or plastic deformation.
Intra Oral Welding of Titanium Implants 40 Years of Proven Clinical Success
Authors: Lazarescu Grigore , Ratiu Cristian
Published: July 2016

Intra Oral Welding has been used since 1976 to stabilize and re enforces dental implants. Pier Luigi Mondani is the inventor of technique and device that can join titanium parts with no relevant thermal outcome. In dentistry and other medical fields, this technological solution allows a faster and better healing at significantly lower costs. The physical process is a pressure-electricity induced diffusion of joined parts. As dental implants become more and more the main solution for edentulous people, Intraoral Welding is offering better primary implant stability, faster provisional prosthesis solution and functional healing while immediate loading. A number of clinical cases are presented for their original approach with titanium bar welding.
Exploring Possibilities of Implementation of Special Rutile Electrodes for Welding Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Mrdak Mihailo , Bajić Nikola , Rakin Marko , Veljić Darko , Karastojković Zoran , Radosavljević Zoran
Published: July 2016

The paper presents test results of a new quality of a special rutile electrode, with a core of flux-cored wire made from local raw materials, based on analyzing mechanical properties and microstructure of the weld metal in MMA welding. The base metal for experimental welding was microalloyed steel marked J55 (thickness 7.0 mm) according to API Spec 5L standards (EN 10113-3. and JUS C.B0 502) which was produced in Smederevo steelworks. For experimental welding a special electrode IHIS E 35 R-2 was used, with a medium thickness rutile coating, a core of flux-cored wire and Ni content of 2.5%. The results of the analyzes indicate that the new quality special rutile electrode with the flux-cored wire core provides good structural and mechanical properties of weld metal in microalloyed steel welded joints.
Influence of Welding Process on the Microstructure of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Heterogeneous Welded Joints
Authors: Dijmarescu Maria Cristina , Cicic Dumitru Titi , Rontescu Corneliu , Solomon Gheorhe
Published: July 2016

The reactions of the base material, during the welding process, consist in chemical composition, volume, structure and granulation changes. There are multiple problems which can occur by welding two steels with totally different chemical composition, i.e. carbon steel S235JR + AR and austenitic stainless X2CrNiMo17-12-2. The process used for making the heterogeneous joint was flux cored arc welding (FCAW), numerically coded 136. The paper presents the effects of welding through heat input, on the structural characterization of welded seam and heat affected zone. It also focuses on the structural characterization of the welded joint obtained using the flux cored wire T 23 12 L P C/M 1, and determining how the base materials participate at the formation of the welding joint.
Issues in Manufacture and Qualification of Specialty Brazed Joints for Nuclear Applications
Authors: Truţă Călin , Ciocanescu Marin , Amzoi Adrian
Published: July 2016

Nuclear experimental instrumentation frequently includes the usage of thin-walled (metallic sheathed) thermocouples passing through the boundaries of pressure vessels. This is accomplished by sealing the thermocouples by brazing through special design fittings (passages) which are later sealed / welded to the body of the vessel.Two are the challenges to face : (a) the manufacture of the instrumented passage (b) its mandatory qualification, according to relevant standards. Even the brazing qualification standards are more flexible than for welding, the peculiar situation of nuclear instrumentation still needs special consideration and it is not properly covered by the regular standards.The paper describes the experience of the authors in manufacture of the instrumented passages with steel or Inconel sheathed thermocouples, along with some other known projects, in conjunction with applicability of relevant standards: ASME code, AWS standards, national standards. Since it is about pressure vessels, ASME prescriptions are mandatory in Romania; other standards may serve as valuable sources for the “engineering judgment” allowed and recommended by ASME code.The main problem in such specialty brazing qualification is that for some combinations of base metals and filler (imposed by application), one cannot avoid the significant fragilization due to a tremendous increase of hardness in the brazing area. Base material erosion is added and the effect is catastrophic : sectioning the thermocouples at the slightest movement. For example, brazing Inconel thin-walled tubes with BNi-7 is very hard to control – experimental data and images are included in the paper to illustrate this.Therefore, special means must be applied both in fabrication and in qualification, in order to ensure the product is functional and safe, even being fragile. This approach can be found in French design of irradiation devices, being also considered in the French code for design and construction of experimental reactors and irradiation devices. Being known that French experience in this field is vast, their approach makes us confident that our brazing technique is not wrong but the problem is to be solved through ‘smart’ design and specific procedures. Consequently a tentative set of domestic rules for work and qualification is proposed for discussion and further improvement.
Quality Control of Thin Films Deposited on Special Steels Used in Hydraulic Blades
Authors: Tugui Catalin Andrei , Vizureanu Petrica , Savin Adriana , Iftimie Nicoleta , Perju Manuela Cristina , Cimpoeşu Nicanor , Nejneru Carmen
Published: July 2016

The hydraulic turbine blades are made from stainless steels having a hard layer for the improvement of the hydro abrasive wear, corrosion resistance, and resistance to mechanical impacts in order to increase the reliability of the turbine. The thin films from stellite and tungsten carbide were obtained by the method: electrospark deposition because it has relatively low costs, are easy to obtain, the layers have a good adherence to support and the thickness can be variable in function of the established conditions. In this paper, the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the samples will be determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), in order to emphasize the structure film-substrate and repartition of the deposition elements on the surface and in transversal section. Also, the samples were nondestructively tested using the electromagnetic sensor with metamaterials in order to establish the adherence of the thin films to the steel, proving the potential of this NDT techniques. The complex signal delivered by the sensor has been stored while scanning a 6x6 mm area. The processing algorithm involve the use of the bidimensional Fourier transform after filtering the initial signal using Walsh-Hadamard numerical filter.
Rutile Electrodes Enhanced with TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Balos Sebastian , Sidjanin Leposava , Dramicanin Miroslav , Labus Danka , Pilic Branka
Published: July 2016

In this study, a new method of incorporation of TiO2 nano particles into the rutile coating of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is presented. In contrast to the conventional method of mixing of nano particles during coating fabrication, the infiltration by immersion method is used, enabling to modify already fabricated elecrodes. To assess the benefits from the incorporated nano particles, different immersion durations were applied: 30 s, 4 and 8 min. Chemical properties of welds obtained with unmodified and modified electrodes, microstructures, tensile properties, hardnesses, SEM of fracture surfaces and EDX analses of non-metallic inclusions were done. It was found that the highest tensile properties were obtained with medium immersion time, due to the grain refinement in the first (reheated zone) and the second pass (columnar zone). This phenomenon is caused by the presence of complex oxides formed around Ti from the dissociated TiO2. This causes the partial replacement of the Widmanstaetten ferrite with acicular ferrite and subsequent grain refinement in the reheated zone. At the highest immersion duration, the specimens exhibited the lowest mechanical properties due to the appearance of large grain allotriomorphic ferrite isles and large non-metallic inclusions that act as void nucleation sites.
Welding Aerosols, both in Powder Form and Incorporated in Synthetic Fibrous Materials, as Catalysts of Ozone Decomposition
Authors: Rakitskaya Tatyana L. , Truba Alla S. , Ennan A.A. , Volkova V.Ya.
Published: July 2016

Catalytic properties of the solid component of welding aerosol (SCWA) of different origin, both in powder form and incorporated in synthetic fibrous materials, in the reaction of ozone decomposition have been studied. For powder samples, the protective time as well as the amount of the decomposed ozone decrease in the order SCWA-ANO > SCWA-UONI > SCWA-TsSL due to the decrease in the content of magnetite and manganochromite phases. Catalytic activity of the SCWAs increases after their incorporation into the fibrous materials.
GMAW Welding of MPM Sheets in Active Gas
Authors: Balos Sebastian , Dramicanin Miroslav , Labus Danka , Janjatovic Petar , Sidjanin Leposava
Published: July 2016

MPM sheets represent the sanwich panels consisted of two low carbon steel sheets 3 mm thick separated by a visco-elastic inner layer. It is used for dampening the structure borne sound and it replaces the structural sheet metal without taking up a considerable amount of space. The inner layer, however, makes the welding more difficult, since it burns when exposed to relatively high welding temperatures. This may cause distorsion and separation of sheet metal, as well as the loss in sound dampening properties. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the visco-elastic inner layer remains intact as much as possible, while still maintaining a low cost and a high productivity during welding of MPM sheet housing of large industrial electric motors and generators. In this paper, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with CO2 active gas was used in an attempt to produce suitable butt welds, welded from both sides. To prevent distorsion and burning of inner layer different butt welds were tested. Different combinations of the following welds were tested: open square weld, combined open square weld on one sheet and single V on the other side, welding in one pass on each side and welding in multiple bead segments on each side. It was found that in all cases, a full penetration was achieved. Furthermore, inner layer thickness near the weld and potential distorsion strongly depend on the welding methodology used.
Proposals for the Application of the European Standard SR-EN-1090 in the Design and Execution of Steel Structures Especially Bridges
Authors: Băncilă Radu , Feier Anamaria , Petzek Edward
Published: July 2016

From 1st of July 2014 the use of SR-EN-1090 is mandatory. The EN 1090 standards are European standards that regulate the fabrication and assembly of steel and aluminum structures, affecting all companies manufacturing steel structures and establishing all the rules that steel plants and execution companies have to implement in order to carry out a steel structure of good quality. Some comments for a better understanding and application of the standard in the field of steel constructions and steel bridges are presented.
Ultrasonic Impact Treatment of Fine- and Coarse Grained Commercial Purity Titanium
Authors: Hairullin Rustam , Kozelskaya Anna , Kazachenok Marina
Published: July 2016

The grain size effect on surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium specimens subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment was studied. It was found by atomic force microscope that ultrasonic impact treatment of titanium specimens resulted in surface corrugation happens due to their severe plastic deformation. The profile height of the corrugated surface depends on the grain size of specimens and varies in a wide range. The thicknesses of a modified surface layer of fine-and coarse grained titanium specimens were studied. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that the plastic deformation was accompanied by twin and low angle boundary formation in the surface layer of titanium specimens. The effect of ultrasonic impact treatment on the microhardness of the surface layer of the specimens under study was investigated.
Influence of Salt Quantity on Recovery Yield of Heterogeneous Aluminium Scrap
Authors: Capuzzi Stefano , Timelli Giulio , Capra Leonardo , Romano Luca
Published: July 2016

The influence of the salt quantity on the recovery yield of aluminium scrap was studied considering an heterogeneous charge. The analysed heterogeneous charge was composed by different types of scrap such as turning, shredded materials and dross. The amount of salt was related to the scrap quality using the salt factor, which is defined as the ratio between the non-aluminium content in the scrap and the quantity of salt required. Two levels of salt factor were considered, 1.2 and 1.8. The analysis of variance was then implemented to verify the influence of the salt quantity on the recovery yield. The results were statistically confirmed using the Anderson-Darling test, the Dixon’s outliers test and the coefficient of variance. An increment of the recovery yield from 95% to 97% was revealed by increasing the salt factor from 1.2 to 1.8.