bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Flight Decision-Making by General Aviation Pilots Operating in Areas of Extreme Thunderstorms
Authors: Boyd Douglas D.
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND: General aviation (comprised mainly of noncommercial, light aircraft) accounts for 94% of civil aviation fatalities in the United States. Although thunderstorms are hazardous to light aircraft, little research has been undertaken on in-flight pilot decision-making
regarding their avoidance. The study objectives were: 1) to determine if the thunderstorm accident rate has declined over the last two decades; and 2) assess in-flight (enroute/landing) airman decision-making regarding adherence to FAA separation minima from thunderstorms.METHODS:
Thunderstorm-related accidents were identified from the NTSB database. To determine en route/arriving aircraft real-time thunderstorm proximity/relative position and airplane location, using a flight-tracking (Flight Aware®) website, were overlaid on a graphical weather image.
Statistics employed Poisson and Chi-squared analyses.RESULTS: The thunderstorm-related accident rate was undiminished over the 1996–2014 period. In a prospective analysis the majority (enroute 77%, landing 93%) of flights violated the FAA-recommended separation distance from
extreme convection. Of these, 79 and 69% (en route and landing, respectively) selected a route downwind of the thunderstorm rather than a less hazardous upwind flight path. Using a mathematical product of binary (separation distance, relative aircraft-thunderstorm position) and nominal (thunderstorm-free
egress area) parameters, airmen were more likely to operate in the thunderstorm hazard zone for landings than en route operations.DISCUSSION: The thunderstorm-related accident rate, carrying a 70% fatality rate, remains unabated, largely reflecting nonadherence to the FAA-recommended
separation minima and selection of a more hazardous route (downwind) for circumnavigation of extreme convective weather. These findings argue for additional emphasis in ab initio pilot training/recurrency on thunderstorm hazards and safe practices (separation distance and flight path).Boyd
DD. In-flight decision-making by general aviation pilots operating in areas of extreme thunderstorms. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(12):1066–1072.
Abraham's Melancholy
Authors: Derrida Jacques , Ben-Naftali Michal
Published: November 2017

This interview with Michal Ben-Naftali from March 2004 is one of Derrida's last. It begins with the question of the relationship between love, law, and justice and then moves on to discuss everything from the secret, hospitality, friendship, sacrifice, pardon and psychoanalysis to the relationship between deconstruction and melancholy.
Jeu d’écarts: Derrida's Descartes
Authors: Thomson Stephen
Published: November 2017

This essay tracks the place of Descartes in Derrida's writing, from ‘Cogito et histoire de la folie’ to the late seminars on the beast and the sovereign. Through a heterodox reading of the Cogito, privileging its negative moment, Derrida's Descartes plays an important role in unsettling narratives of philosophical lineage, as well as complicating deconstruction's relationship with method, and with the questions of mastery which haunt Derrida's later work with particular emphasis. What is at stake is not just the mastery of method, but also the mastery that would be involved in escaping or undoing it. Although the aim is not simply to rescue the honour of Descartes, it is suggested that a response to the problems of mastery cannot go without a certain respect for the complexities and uncertainties of an œuvre that is often too easily discarded as the already-read par excellence.
Design of Rate-Compatible Parallel Concatenated Punctured Polar Codes for IR-HARQ Transmission Schemes
Authors: Jiao Jian , Wang Sha , Feng Bowen , Gu Shushi , Wu Shaohua , Zhang Qinyu
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we propose a rate-compatible (RC) parallel concatenated punctured polar (PCPP) codes for incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) transmission schemes, which can transmit multiple data blocks over a time-varying channel. The PCPP coding scheme can provide RC polar coding blocks in order to adapt to channel variations. First, we investigate an improved random puncturing (IRP) pattern for the PCPP coding scheme due to the code-rate and block length limitations of conventional polar codes. The proposed IRP algorithm only select puncturing bits from the frozen bits set and keep the information bits unchanged during puncturing, which can improve 0.2–1 dB decoding performance more than the existing random puncturing (RP) algorithm. Then, we develop a RC IR-HARQ transmission scheme based on PCPP codes. By analyzing the overhead of the previous successful decoded PCPP coding block in our IR-HARQ scheme, the optimal initial code-rate can be determined for each new PCPP coding block over time-varying channels. Simulation results show that the average number of transmissions is about 1.8 times for each PCPP coding block in our RC IR-HARQ scheme with a 2-level PCPP encoding construction, which can reduce half of the average number of transmissions than the existing RC polar coding schemes.
What Really Makes Secondary School Students “Want” to Study Physics?
Authors: Hadzigeorgiou Yannis , Schulz Roland
Published: November 2017

This paper reports on a mixed-methods study with high school students. The study focused on the reasons they give with regard to “what they find interesting about their physics lesson” and “what makes them want to study their physics lesson” during a school year. The sample consisted of 219 students, who attended public high schools, located in various geographical regions of Greece. Journal entries made by all students—that is, students from junior high and senior high schools—were content-analyzed through a grounded theory approach. A total of eight categories were identified. Quantitative differences between these categories, and between the two groups of students, were also identified. Even though some of the identified categories are well-known motivators in science education, three specific categories deserve particular attention: “connection to one’s own self”, “purpose”, and “utility”. Notwithstanding the limitations of the present research design (i.e., volunteer sample, lack of standardization in students” and especially in teachers’ activities), these categories, along with two quantitative indicators—that is, number of journal entries and student percentages—challenge us to rethink what makes the ideas of science, especially those of physics, meaningful or simply relevant to the life of the students.
Spatio-Temporal Series Remote Sensing Image Prediction Based on Multi-Dictionary Bayesian Fusion
Authors: He Chu , Zhang Zhi , Xiong Dehui , Du Juan , Liao Mingsheng
Published: November 2017

Contradictions in spatial resolution and temporal coverage emerge from earth observation remote sensing images due to limitations in technology and cost. Therefore, how to combine remote sensing images with low spatial yet high temporal resolution as well as those with high spatial yet low temporal resolution to construct images with both high spatial resolution and high temporal coverage has become an important problem called spatio-temporal fusion problem in both research and practice. A Multi-Dictionary Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Reflectance Fusion Model (MDBFM) has been proposed in this paper. First, multiple dictionaries from regions of different classes are trained. Second, a Bayesian framework is constructed to solve the dictionary selection problem. A pixel-dictionary likehood function and a dictionary-dictionary prior function are constructed under the Bayesian framework. Third, remote sensing images before and after the middle moment are combined to predict images at the middle moment. Diverse shapes and textures information is learned from different landscapes in multi-dictionary learning to help dictionaries capture the distinctions between regions. The Bayesian framework makes full use of the priori information while the input image is classified. The experiments with one simulated dataset and two satellite datasets validate that the MDBFM is highly effective in both subjective and objective evaluation indexes. The results of MDBFM show more precise details and have a higher similarity with real images when dealing with both type changes and phenology changes.
Modification of the Selectivity Properties of Tubular Ceramic Membranes after Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Dutournié Patrick , Limousy Lionel , Anquetil Jérôme , Déon Sébastien
Published: November 2017

This work focuses on the selectivity modification of ceramic membranes after a mild alkaline treatment. Filtration of pure salt-water solutions was carried out with commercial titania membranes before and after the treatment. After treatment, the rejection of NaF significantly decreased, while the rejection of NaCl and NaBr increased. Additionally, NaI and Na2SO4 remained close to zero. Pore size and electrical charge being almost unchanged, only significant modifications in the dielectric effects can explain this modification of selectivity. Therefore, the surface chemistry and the interaction (nature and magnitude) with the solvent and with the species present in the solution appear to be modified by the alkaline treatment. This trend is also illustrated by discussing the electric and the dielectric properties that were numerically identified before and after treatment. The alkaline treatment significantly decreased the apparent dielectric constant of NaCl-water solution in the pore, highlighting the rejection of sodium chloride. Contrariwise, the modification of the surface chemistry increased the apparent dielectric constant of NaF-water solution by promoting fluoride transmission.
Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Samarium(II) Iodide
Authors: Shi Shicheng , Szostak Michal
Published: November 2017

Nitrogen heterocycles represent vital structural motifs in biologically-active natural products and pharmaceuticals. As a result, the development of new, convenient and more efficient processes to N-heterocycles is of great interest to synthetic chemists. Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2, Kagan’s reagent) has been widely used to forge challenging C–C bonds through reductive coupling reactions. Historically, the use of SmI2 in organic synthesis has been focused on the construction of carbocycles and oxygen-containing motifs. Recently, significant advances have taken place in the use of SmI2 for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, enabled in large part by the unique combination of high reducing power of this reagent (E1/2 of up to −2.8 V) with excellent chemoselectivity of the reductive umpolung cyclizations mediated by SmI2. In particular, radical cross-coupling reactions exploiting SmI2-induced selective generation of aminoketyl radicals have emerged as concise and efficient methods for constructing 2-azabicycles, pyrrolidines and complex polycyclic barbiturates. Moreover, a broad range of novel processes involving SmI2-promoted formation of aminyl radicals have been leveraged for the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing molecular architectures by direct and tethered pathways. Applications to the synthesis of natural products have highlighted the generality of processes and the intermediates accessible with SmI2. In this review, recent advances involving the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles using SmI2 are summarized, with a major focus on reductive coupling reactions that enable one-step construction of nitrogen-containing motifs in a highly efficient manner, while taking advantage of the spectacular selectivity of the venerable Kagan’s reagent.
ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS DETERMINATION OF THE SEMI-RIGID TIMBER-STEEL CONNECTION
Authors: GEČYS Tomas , DANIŪNAS Alfonsas
Published: November 2017

In this research, the component method implementation for determination of the rotational stiffness of timber-steel connection is shown. Component method is one of the most commonly used methods for determination of the bending moment-rotation relation which later may be used in the practical analysis of the connection. The component method is not widely used for the analysis of the semi-rigid timber connections. There are only several investigations previously done on the component method implementation for the timber connections and most of them are based on only one basic component, i.e. timber compression or glued-in steel rod in tension. This article presents a new investigation of rotational stiffness determination algorithm of the semi-rigid timber-steel connection, which is based on the component method. The component method’s mechanical model of the connection combines all components which have influence on the rotational stiffness of the connection. The analysed timber-steel connection is subjected to pure bending. Stiffness coefficients of the steel part components are determined according to the Eurocode 3: design of steel structures Part 1-8: Design of joints. The timber part components are derived from the full-scale laboratory experiments and finite element modelling results, presented in the previous publications of the authors. The presented rotational stiffness determination results are well in line with the experimental and finite element modelling results, published in the previous publications.
Hypervolatiles in a Jupiter-family Comet: Observations of 45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková Using iSHELL at the NASA-IRTF
Authors: DiSanti Michael A. , Bonev Boncho P. , Russo Neil Dello , Vervack Ronald J. , Gibb Erika L. , Roth Nathan X. , McKay Adam J. , Kawakita Hideyo , Feaga Lori M. , Weaver Harold A.
Published: November 2017

We used the new high spectral resolution cross-dispersed facility spectrograph, iSHELL, at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Maunakea, HI, to observe Jupiter-family comet (JFC) 45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková. We report water production rates, as well as production rates and abundance ratios relative to H2O, for eight trace parent molecules (native ices), CO, CH4, H2CO, CH3OH, HCN, NH3, C2H2, and C2H6, on 2 days spanning UT 2017 January 6/7 and 7/8, shortly following perihelion. Trace species were measured simultaneously with H2O and/or OH prompt emission, a proxy for H2O production, thereby providing a robust and consistent means of establishing the native ice composition of 45P. Its favorable geocentric radial velocity (approximately −35 km s−1) permitted sensitive measures of the “hypervolatiles” CO and CH4, which are substantially undercharacterized in JFCs. Our results represent the most precise ground-based measures of CO and CH4 to date in a JFC, providing a foundation for building meaningful statistics regarding their abundances. The abundance ratio for CH4 in 45P (0.79% ± 0.06% relative to H2O) was consistent with its median value as measured among Oort Cloud comets, whereas CO (0.60% ± 0.04%) was strongly depleted. Compared with all measured comets, HCN (0.049% ± 0.012%) was strongly depleted, CH3OH (3.6% ± 0.3%) was enriched, and the remaining species were consistent with their respective median abundances. The volatile composition measured for 45P could indicate processing of ices prior to their incorporation into its nucleus. Spatial analysis of emissions suggests enhanced release of more volatile species into the sunward-facing hemisphere of the coma.
A Wide Dispersion in Star Formation Rate and Dynamical Mass of 108 Solar Mass Black Hole Host Galaxies at Redshift 6
Authors: Willott Chris J. , Bergeron Jacqueline , Omont Alain
Published: November 2017

Atacama Large Millimeter Array [C ii] line and continuum observations of five redshift

quasars are presented. This sample was selected to probe quasars with lower black hole mass than most previous studies. We find a wide dispersion in properties with CFHQS J0216–0455, a low-luminosity quasar with absolute magnitude

, remaining undetected implying a limit on the star formation rate in the host galaxy of

, whereas other host galaxies have star formation rates up to hundreds of solar masses per year. Two other quasars have particularly interesting properties. VIMOS2911 is one of the least luminous

quasars known with

, yet its host galaxy is experiencing a very powerful starburst. PSO J167–13 has a broad and luminous [C ii] line and a neighboring galaxy a projected distance of 5 kpc away that is also detected in the [C ii] line and continuum. Combining with similar observations from the literature, we study the ratio of the [C ii] line to the far-infrared luminosity, finding that this ratio increases at high redshift at a fixed far-infrared luminosity, likely due to lower dust content, lower metallicity and/or higher gas masses. We compile a sample of 21 high-redshift quasars with dynamical masses and investigate the relationship between black hole mass and dynamical mass. The new observations presented here reveal dynamical masses consistent with the relationship defined by local galaxies. However, the full sample shows a very wide scatter across the black hole mass–dynamical mass plane, whereas both the local relationship and simulations of high-redshift quasars show a much lower dispersion in dynamical mass.
On Graphene in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Chen X. H. , Li Aigen , Zhang Ke
Published: November 2017

The possible detection of C24, a planar graphene that was recently reported to be in several planetary nebulae by García-Hernández et al., inspires us to explore whether and how much graphene could exist in the interstellar medium (ISM) and how it would reveal its presence through its ultraviolet (UV) extinction and infrared (IR) emission. In principle, interstellar graphene could arise from the photochemical processing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, which are abundant in the ISM, due to the complete loss of their hydrogen atoms, and/or from graphite, which is thought to be a major dust species in the ISM, via fragmentation caused by grain–grain collisional shattering. Both quantum-chemical computations and laboratory experiments have shown that the exciton-dominated electronic transitions in graphene cause a strong absorption band near

2755

Å

. We calculate the UV absorption of graphene and place an upper limit of ∼5 ppm of C/H (i.e., ∼1.9% of the total interstellar C) on the interstellar graphene abundance. We also model the stochastic heating of graphene C24 in the ISM, excited by single starlight photons of the interstellar radiation field and calculate its IR emission spectra. We also derive the abundance of graphene in the ISM to be <5 ppm of C/H by comparing the model emission spectra with that observed in the ISM.
The Geometry of the Sagittarius Stream from Pan-STARRS1 3π RR Lyrae
Authors: Hernitschek Nina , Sesar Branimir , Rix Hans-Walter , Belokurov Vasily , Martinez-Delgado David , Martin Nicolas F. , Kaiser Nick , Hodapp Klaus , Chambers Kenneth C. , Wainscoat Richard , Magnier Eugene , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Metcalfe Nigel , Draper Peter W.
Published: November 2017

We present a comprehensive and precise description of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stellar stream’s 3D geometry as traced by its old stellar population. This analysis draws on the sample of ∼44,000 RR Lyrae (RRab) stars from the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) 3π survey, which is

complete and

pure within 80 kpc, and extends to

with a distance precision of

. A projection of RR Lyrae stars within

of the Sgr stream’s orbital plane reveals the morphology of both the leading and the trailing arms at very high contrast across much of the sky. In particular, the map traces the stream near-contiguously through the distant apocenters. We fit a simple model for the mean distance and line-of-sight depth of the Sgr stream as a function of the orbital plane angle

, along with a power-law background model for the field stars. This modeling results in estimates of the mean stream distance precise to

and it resolves the stream’s line-of-sight depth. These improved geometric constraints can serve as new constraints for dynamical stream models.
Éditorial
Authors: Lepoutre Thomas , Putois Olivier , Villa François
Published: November 2017

Mythe « scientifique » selon Freud, « génial » selon Lacan, le récit du Meurtre du père a eu, comme on sait, de considérables effets théoriques, non seulement au sein de la psychanalyse, mais également dans la philosophie politique, l’anthropologie ou l’histoire des religions. S’il découle au départ d’une ambition proprement clinique, ce mythe psychanalytique n’a cependant pu s’inventer qu’en donnant un rôle d’interlocuteur privilégié à des disciplines affines. Il y va donc d’une démarche « interdisciplinaire » avant la lettre, sur laquelle Freud fonde, le premier, la « recherche en psychanalyse ». C’est cette démarche dont ce numéro 22 commémore le centenaire, avec la publication de certaines des contributions prononcées à l’occasion d’un colloque interdisciplinaire international où il s'agissait – cent ans après – de réinterroger à la fois la postérité et l’actualité de Totem et Tabou au XXI e siècle.
Le mythe de la horde originaire à l’épreuve du roman familial
Authors: Lepoutre Thomas
Published: November 2017

On essaye ici de faire valoir les concordances frappantes des deux « récits originaires » auxquels Freud accorde une place centrale, en confrontant ouvertement le « mythe de la horde originaire » au « Roman familial des névrosés », selon le titre de l’article freudien de 1908. Cela revient à interroger l’intertextualité secrète travaillant le mythe freudien de la généalogie culturelle et le roman névrotique de la généalogie individuelle – en posant cette question : dans quelle mesure le mythe nous aide-t-il à lire le roman, et le roman nous aide-t-il à lire le mythe ?
La Politique dans le discours freudien
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: November 2017

Cet essai vise à souligner l’existence de la problématique de la politique dans le discours freudien, qui l’imprègne comme un invariant théorique. Il critique le maintien sous silence de cette problématique par l’archive instituée au sein de la tradition psychanalytique post-freudienne. Pour relancer son importance, il a fallu restaurer dans l’archive freudienne d’autres lignes de force et de fuite pour expliciter le dialogue qu’elle établit avec la tradition de la philosophie politique, afin de mettre en relief les registres du lien social, du contrat social et du pouvoir dans leurs relations avec la pulsion, de l’inconscient et du transfert.
Le « plastinat », entre sublimation et perversion ou le détournement du cadavre en œuvre d’art
Authors: Mariotti Carole
Published: November 2017

Entre anatomie et esthétique, entre médecine et art, le plastinat vient nous questionner sur le statut du corps humain et vient nous interpeller sur les enjeux de cet acte visant à « ré-injecter » de la vie dans la mort, dans une confusion entre permanence et existence. Comment envisager ce curieux objet de fascination qu'il peut venir incarner à la fois pour le spectateur et pour son créateur ? Entre sublimation du corps et perversion des catégories (sujet/objet ; vie/mort) que nous donne à voir le Docteur Gunther von Hagens et quelle conception éthique de l'humain vient-il bouleverser ?
La psychose comme défense contre les états psychotiques de la psyché
Authors: Di Rocco Vincent
Published: November 2017

Les recherches sur le dépistage et les formes précoces de psychoses ainsi que les travaux récents concernant la clinique des expériences exceptionnelles, permettent de mettre en perspective les pathologies psychotiques avec ce que l'on peut qualifier comme des expériences psychotiques en lien avec l'expression « d'états psychotiques de la psyché ».Paradoxalement, la psychose peut être pensée comme une défense tournée contre l'émergence de ces états qualifiés « d'états psychotiques de la psyché » Ces nouvelles données peuvent être l'occasion de la reprise d'un débat entre les différents courants psychanalytiques à propos des formes psychotiques de la psychopathologie.
Critique et discours sur le colonialisme : Fanon vs Mannoni
Authors: Combres Laurent
Published: November 2017

La contradiction qui, par ouvrages interposés, a opposé les analyses de la situation coloniale et des conditions du racisme par Octave Mannoni et Frantz Fanon est ici reprise de façon serrée dans une lecture croisée et critique de leurs travaux, avec pour point d'articulation les repères historiques des fondamentaux de l'élaboration de la psychanalyse (Freud et Lacan) auxquels l'un et l'autre avaient accès. L'accent est mis sur les modalités de la rencontre de l'autre (langage, fantasme, mythe et structure) que ces deux auteurs tentent d'articuler au travers de leur interprétation du mécanisme de colonisation.
The Politics of Constructed Humiliation
Authors: Strozier Charles B. , Mart Deborah
Published: November 2017

L’humiliation, analogon groupal de la honte chez le sujet individuel, est appréhendée comme le mobile de la violence groupale. Les auteurs analysent les ressorts inconscients de la réécriture, par un chef, d’une humiliation authentique et réelle passée qui a fait trauma, en un récit d’humiliation construite : la narration symbolique paranoïde d’humiliation qui en résulte justifie et appelle une violence réelle à visée réparatrice. Ce sentiment d’humiliation construite serait, par là, à la base des grandes violences politiques. Cette hypothèse est mobilisée dans plusieurs contextes historiques de violence politique, du nazisme jusqu’aux attentats récemment commis au nom d’un islamisme radical.
Retour sur la « vérité historique » selon Freud
Authors: Benoist Jocelyn
Published: November 2017

On s’attache ici à la notion de « vérité historique ». À travers un commentaire du texte freudien, on objecte à la lecture récente de B. Karsenti (2012) le rôle essentiel du paradigme de la psychose dans l’intelligence clinique du phénomène monothéiste. C’est depuis son équivalence avec une construction délirante que le régime de vérité propre du monothéisme doit être saisi. La nouveauté du Moïse ne tient pas à sa mobilisation de la notion de vérité historique, déjà opérante dans L’avenir d’une illusion  : c’est l’enrichissement de cette notion par l’abord freudien de la psychose dans les années 1930 qui donne tout son sens au mono- du monothéisme. C’est à partir de la « littéralité de la psychose », seule à même d’expliquer la répétition agie du meurtre inaugural du père primitif, que doit être entendu le réalisme du dernier Freud.
Radicalism Put to the Test of the Father
Authors: Chiha Sami , Combres Laurent , Askofaré Sidi
Published: November 2017

Cet article questionne le réel en jeu dans le « radicalisme » et la « radicalisation », entendus comme des nominations postmodernes particulières et confronte ce réel à la perspective psychanalytique de la nomination, en tant que coordonnée radicale de la structure, opérée par le père. Les auteurs s’emploient à interroger le nom de « radical », puis à démontrer et à illustrer, au travers de cas cliniques, que les formes contemporaines du fanatisme sont corrélées, par les régimes de jouissance qu’elles engagent, au discours capitaliste. Ces solutions subjectives se confortent d’un discours littéral qui procède d’un rejet du sujet de l’amour et de la politique, mais ne sont pas sans reste : le symptôme.
Un choix d'objet particulier chez l'homme d'âge moyen
Authors: Dimitriadis Yorgos
Published: November 2017

Le terme français « démon de midi » illustre, parmi d’autres, la tendance de certains hommes d’âge moyen à chercher une partenaire parmi les jeunes filles en fleur, ce qui peut les conduire à abandonner leur vie de famille. Cette tendance ne doit pas être reliée au seul sentiment de rétrécissement de la vie, mais aussi à l’angoisse de castration – qui est symbolisée, pour ces hommes, par la dégradation du corps liée à l’âge. Cependant, par-dessus tout, cette rencontre d’un homme mûr avec la passion amoureuse pour la jeunesse d’une femme (ou de femmes) indique généralement un type de choix d’objet narcissique, ainsi qu’une prédisposition fétichiste quant au choix d’objet d’amour. Cette « nympholepsie » constitue également souvent une renégociation avec leur « refoulé », dont le résultat varie en fonction des cas.
Intérêt commun ou intérêt général ? De l’enjeu d’une décision terminologique chez Rousseau
Authors: Pénigaud de Mourgues Théophile
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, je reviens sur un constat bien connu, mais jamais parfaitement élucidé : Rousseau n’emploie que très exceptionnellement l’expression « intérêt général », à laquelle il préfère celle d’« intérêt commun ». Je m’efforce d’y apporter une explication nouvelle, en partant d’un réexamen du concept même d’« intérêt » dans son œuvre, auquel il faut prêter un sens assez différent de celui auquel la philosophie politique nous a accoutumés : l’intérêt ne saurait être individuel, il ne saurait s’identifier à l’« avantage », il ne saurait faire l’objet d’un « calcul ». À ce titre, il existe une véritable antinomie entre la notion d’intérêt commun chez Rousseau et celle d’intérêt général qui se formalise chez les physiocrates de façon quasi contemporaine. L’intérêt commun est la base de formation démocratique d’une volonté politiquement orientée, qui prend comme telle le nom de « volonté générale », là où l’intérêt général est le langage normatif dans lequel une décision politique non nécessairement démocratique cherche à fonder sa légitimité en raison.
Intérêt général, intérêt de classe, intérêt humain chez le jeune Marx
Authors: Roza Stéphanie
Published: November 2017

L’article s’efforce, à partir de l’analyse des expressions allemandes employées par le jeune Marx, de vérifier la thèse communément admise selon laquelle on ne trouverait dans ce corpus qu’une critique de l’intérêt général tel qu’il a été formulé sous la Révolution française, censé dissimuler l’intérêt de la bourgeoisie. L’analyse fait apparaître qu’une telle critique côtoie un effort théorique pour penser un « intérêt commun » ou « humain » qui, dépassant l’antagonisme des classes, pourrait prendre en charge l’intérêt de tous et de chacun.
Mythical Geographies
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the anthropological roots of Lost Paradise, which pivoted the expansion of Western civilization over centuries. tourism has evolved into many forms and practices that escape from water and fire, or the sand, but originally thermals were fertile grounds for the expansion and consolidation of modern tourism. This happens because of two main reasons, civilization whatever its origin symbolizes water as the most important resource for its production and expansion. Secondly, mythologies across cultures and times appeal to an “Eden” where water plays a crucial role as configurator of social order. For that reason, not surprisingly, in making tourism we need from reproaching a mythical contact with water and sun, in the same way our ancestors did. As a rite of passage, tourism enacts the foundational elements of nature that give origin to our civilization, which means water and fire.
Omni-Channel Retailing
Authors: Özdemir Erkan , Yılmaz Mine
Published: November 2017

Technological developments, changes in consumer behavior and intense competition are the most important threats of today, affecting many sectors as well as the retail industry. Innovative retailers, in the face of with these threats, have embraced and implemented the omni-channel retailing approach, which is the next step in multi-channel. However, other players in the retail industry lag behind this change. The aim of this chapter is to establish the experiences of innovative retailers that have adopted omni-channel retailing in the context of risks, challenges and opportunities. The research data were obtained using questionnaire method from the retailers in Turkey, one of the developing countries. As a result of the study, it was found that retailers who would adopt the omni-channel retailing would have the opportunities to be able to dominate all channels, provide better services to the customers, increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, keep in constant contact with the customers, get better customer recognition and increase sales volume.
Building an Effective Customer Loyalty Program
Authors: Smriti Kumari
Published: November 2017

Customer loyalty schemes is a practice, employed by retailers, to reward their loyal customers. It entails giving incentives such as loyalty cards, reward points, etc. These also serve as a repository of information about a customer which helps in targeted marketing. This chapter analyses some of the successful customer loyalty programs by companies, discusses some of the reasons of failures of such program and looks at what industry experts have to say in this regard. We then collate all this information to suggests a process to identify and choose the right customer loyalty programs for a company.
Developing Sustainable Retail Food Value Chain for India
Authors: Das Rupali
Published: November 2017

Ever increasing population, rising prosperity supported by ongoing urbanization has accelerated the demand for food in India. At the same time, area under agriculture is decreasing and food production is coming under pressure owing to limitations on resources and other environmental considerations. In the coming decades, doing more with less will be a key priority for all those involved in food production. In this chapter, we will also look at the challenges and opportunities available for the food supply chain management. This chapter sets out the premise that the food industry, throughout the value chain, has a tremendous opportunity, as well as an obligation, to meet the needs of new, more sophisticated and more demanding consumers while satisfying shareholders' demands for returns—and in doing so creating a sustainable food supply for the new millennium.
Field-Based Teacher Education to Promote All Students' Language and Literacy Development
Authors: Heineke Amy J. , Papola-Ellis Aimee
Published: November 2017

In today's classrooms, teachers face increasingly diverse students who simultaneously learn and develop language across grades and disciplines. In this chapter, authors share how one teacher education program prepares candidates to promote language and literacy development for all students, with emphasis culturally and linguistically diverse students. Through a field-based curriculum, candidates spanning licensure areas build expertise to support students' language development simultaneous to disciplinary learning. In line with policy initiatives at pre-service and in-service levels, this approach spirals learning across programs to develop and deepen understandings through field-based apprenticeship with faculty, cooperating teachers, and students. This chapter uses data-driven vignettes to highlight field experiences that build candidates' expertise for supporting language and literacy development. The chapter closes with discussion and implications for preparing teachers for language and literacy in today's inclusive classrooms, as well as directions for future research.
Strengths-Based Social Work
Authors: Loue Sana
Published: November 2017

The strengths-based approach to the provision of social work services is said to rest on a respect for the worth and dignity of every individual and a concern that every individual be able to fulfill his or her potential. The strengths perspective transforms the role of the social worker role from that of an authority to that of a collaborator and seeks to facilitate client identification of internal and external strengths and resources and delineation of goals. Numerous criticisms have been raised about the approach, which has not been standardized in practice and has not been systematically evaluated through rigorous research to ascertain the effects of the approach or its acceptability to clients. As a consequence, numerous ethical issues are raised, including questions relating to client self-determination and informed consent. Additional research is needed to further evaluate the value of this perspective to client growth and development.
The Limits of Confidentiality and of the Right to Privacy
Authors: Unguru Elena
Published: November 2017

Social work acts at within the public and private fields. From an ethical point of view, the first one is governed by the society's right to information and the social worker's obligation for transparency. The second one is the beneficiary's right to private life and the social worker's obligation of confidentiality. The two sets of competing rights and obligations define the dual nature of social work to act both in the public sphere, as well as the private one. Starting from the case of Tarasoff, the American instances stated that the obligation of the therapist to protect the possible victims is a priority to that of confidentiality. The current chapter follows the meaning of this obligation in the practice of social work, as well as the clarification of the importance and limits of applicability of the principle of confidentiality in social work.
Supervision of Ethics in Social Work Practice
Authors: Frunza Ana , Sandu Antonio
Published: November 2017

The chapter aims at arguing the necessity and academic functioning of the supervision of ethics – as a model embodied in ethical expertise. Starting with 2012, the model of ethics expertise in the social welfare practice – the supervision of ethics – was continuously developed. Based on the previous approaches of supervision of ethics, the process is understood as having the following main functions: the Gatekeeping in construction of ethics policies, the mediation in achieving a reflective balance in the organization, the administrative and deliberative function, the construction of ethical climate in organizations and monitoring of ethical conformity and counselling of ethics, ethical advising and support. This model brings together practices from all other forms of ethics expertise, additionally exercising its gatekeeper role in the transfer of political theories on public good through the implementing programs and practices thereof, and making the professional values compatible with the organisational ones.
Exploring Gratification Factors in Visual Food Communication
Authors: Thind Sargam , Dasgupta Sabyasachi
Published: November 2017

This chapter throws light on the impact of gratification factors in visual food communication on consumer decision making. This research has been done with special reference to ‘South Indian Cuisine'. It will be evident that if an eatery promotes and presents these regional foods with a specific strategy, it will attract more consumers than it had expected. People basically relate well to the pictures of food, specifically because in countries like India, emotion is one majorly used appeal by brands to lure their customers. Hence, even in food industry, a person before ordering a particular dish relates to its pictures in the menu or anywhere else because there are certain gratification factors in visual communication of food that connects the consumer with the reason as to why they want to eat a particular dish. The aim of this research is to understand that which particular gratification factor will highly influence which particular south-Indian food item.
Space of Culture and Brand in Sequel of Telugu Films
Authors: Yadav Rasu Chatrapathi
Published: November 2017

Telugu film industry known as Tollywood, is making its mark in terms of rich contents and branding strategies and subsequently receiving the audiences' acceptance to a greater extent. Making sequel of film has brought success to many of the films. The positioning of culture and brands has played a major role in the sequel of Telugu films in India. The films like Money - Money Money to Money Money more Money, Gaayam to Gaayam 2, Satya to Satya 2, Shankar Dada MBBS to Shankar Dada Zindabad, Rakta Charithra to Rakta Charithra 2, Mantra to Mangala and Mantra 2, Gabbar Singh to Sardaar Gabbar Singh, Baahubali: The Beginning to Baahubali 2: The Conclusion have made their landmark if culture and branding are taken into discussion. The making of such films has redefined the space of culture and brand endorsements. The chapter attempts to explore the sequel of Telugu films which have relevant pertinence to culture and branding in India.
Behind the Scenes of Data-Driven Leadership
Authors: Murray Robert W. , Murray Mary A.
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines the responsibilities of the school leader, specifically the principal, to effectively apply aspects of data-driven leadership beyond the instructional applications of the classroom and provide applications for data-driven leadership in the crucial leadership functions of staff recruitment and hiring, placement of staff, master scheduling of the institution at both the elementary and secondary level, classroom composition, and finally, the placement of the students in the correct education setting. The intent of this chapter is to provide school leaders with insights into the intentionality required of leadership as applied to often overlooked tasks that are critical to the success of the students, faculty, staff, and overall school community.
Empowering Educators to Make Data-Informed Decisions
Authors: Johnson Margie L.
Published: November 2017

With increased accountability in education, resources are being invested to ensure educators have access to a computerized data system. Data access is one component of data-informed decision making. This chapter shares one district's journey toward developing and implementing the data-informed decision-making ecosystem as a guide for empowering one school district's educators to use data, no matter the source, for making informed decisions. Not only might leaders benefit from the implementation lessons learned, but they may also benefit from the implementation tools, such as the teacher data use survey (TDUS) and the school district's innovations configurations map (IC Map) for collaborative inquiry, which supported the work.
MOOCs in TVET Sectors of Developing Countries
Authors: Khan Md. Shahadat Hossain , Nambobi Mutwalibi , Ali Md. Sakawat
Published: November 2017

This chapter discusses about the recent innovation in the area of educational technology, which is widely known as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Very few studies in the existing literature elaborated about the MOOCs in the developed countries, where the focus was on mainly asserting the nature of MOOCs platform and its possibilities. However, very less attention has been observed in relation to incorporate MOOCs in TVET sectors of developing countries. In order to fill this gap, this chapter has four main areas to discuss: provides general features of MOOCs platform; identifies benefits of incorporating MOOCs; presents emerging possibilities of using MOOCs; and identifies the challenges confronting TVET sectors for integrating MOOCs in any developing country. In order to improve the present constraints, this chapter further provides suggestions and recommendations that are useful for TVET stakeholders for formulating policies in relation to MOOCs.
The Role of Social Entrepreneurship and Social Economy in Romanian Sustainable Business Development
Authors: Gherghina Rodica , Duca Ioana
Published: November 2017

In their scientific endeavour, the authors aim at analysing the concepts of social entrepreneurship and social economy, as well as emphasising the role these concepts play in sustainable business development and in the economic development of society as a whole. At the same time, several aspects of social enterprises are presented and their importance in the Romanian economic environment is emphasised. As these are two relatively new concepts in the social economy in Romania, the authors refer to the specialised literature throughout their research. The authors present several of the opportunities and challenges raised by social economy. The importance of financing is emphasised by means of presenting the organisations' financing sources which are specific to social economy. The conclusions to this research include some of the authors' own viewpoints, with reference to the aspects of social entrepreneurship – social enterprises – social economy and their role in overall economic development.
CSR Initiatives
Authors: Duca Ioana , Gherghina Rodica
Published: November 2017

The authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. As this is a concept with a relatively brief history in the Romanian business environment, the authors include references to relevant papers in the specialised literature throughout this chapter. The chapter includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the CSR practices development at national and international level, certain authors' for and against arguments related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.
Ethical Behavior and the Development Paradigm
Authors: Gupta Punam , Kumar Dinesh
Published: November 2017

Marketplace ethical behaviour is quite difficult to practice because it stands at cross purposes with commercial objectives. Both companies and consumers look for short term benefits in preference over practices that are sustainable or planet friendly. The thinking that dominates development economics globally is to buy, use and throw. Companies like to launch new products all the time encouraging consumers to buy new and bigger models, packaged attractively, on which margins are higher, throwing away perfectly fine and working products. Ethical behaviour – whether it is sourcing of raw materials to paying workers adequately – entails additional costs and efforts. Modifying behaviour or inculcating long term thinking is not an easy task. This chapter looks at existing behaviour both of companies and consumers. It also describes ways in which business and government policy needs to change to encourage long-term thinking in society to change lifestyles across the board.
KDSR
Authors: Guermazi Abderrahmen , Belghith Abdelfettah , Abid Mohamed
Published: November 2017

This article deals with a key distribution protocol to secure routing in large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and proposes a new protocol called KDSR. The authors' protocol has two originalities: to provide a secure network structure for large-scale WSNs, and to use lightweight local process to share efficiently the Local Broadcast Keys, the Pairwise Keys and the Global Broadcast Key. These keys are useful to secure several communication patterns in WSNs: one-to-many, one-to-one and one-to-all. Security analyses show that KDSR can withstand several attacks against WSNs. Through fast node revocation process, KDSR offers a good resilience against node capture. Immunity against MiM and replay attacks are well checked with the AVISPA tools. The experimentations are done on real TelosB motes and through the TOSSIM simulator. Simulation results confirm that KDSR is scalable, provides a good key connectivity and a good resilience. Comparison to earlier work shows that KDSR causes less computation complexity, less communication overhead and much less storage space even for large-scale WSNs.