bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on the Therapeutic effect of Phytosynthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for the management of Microbial Infections
Authors: Boulaares Islam , Derouiche samir
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Antibiotics are drugs used to treat and prevent bacterial infections. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains is one of the most important problems facing global health care. There are several alternatives to get rid of antibiotic resistance, including nanoparticles, which is the subject of this study on how to use Manganese nanoparticles (MnNPs) as antimicrobials with greater effectiveness and less resistance to them.
Materials and Methods: There are several physical, chemical, and biological techniques for the production of nanoparticles. But the Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been developed to improve the environment and human health safety, minimize pollution, and save expenses by using plant extracts instead of industrial chemical components to reduce metal ions. Biological activity, safety, and reproducibility in the production of these MnNPs depend on accurate and comprehensive characterization by using many physicochemical techniques.
Results: Green synthesized of MnNPs are a promising source of new antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal agents considering the multiplicity of its mechanism and the multiple target areas in the microbs. The MnNPs interact directly with some biological molecules of the microbs, such as some proteins, DNA, and RNA.This reaction generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), causing damage to the membranes in the microbes. Metal nano-therapies such as MnNPs are granted research consideration for virus, bacteria or fungi treatment.
Conclusion: The biocompatibility achieved through green synthesis of MnNPs suggests its possible use in several types of microbe’s infections with less risk of toxicity of these new materials.
Microbiological investigations of severe tropical infections in French Amazonia: a prospective pilot study of first-line tests and metagenomics
Authors: Matheus S , re Charlotte , Hourdel V , Thiberge Jean , Cheny Olivia , Demar Magalie , Houcke St , Hommel Didier , Manuguerra Jean , Caro Val , Kallel Hatem
Published: December 2024

Background:
Tropical infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global public health, exacerbated by the emergence of new pathogens. French Guiana (FG), a French overseas department in northeastern South America, presents favorable conditions for the emergence of zoonotic pathogens due to its tropical climate and diverse ecosystems. Over the past two decades, various emerging zoonotic pathogens have been detected in patients with severe infections, though, many other severe human infectious diseases remain undocumented.

Aim:
This prospective pilot study aims to identify infectious pathogens responsible for severe infections in French Guiana using routine diagnostic tests and metagenomic approach.

Methods:
This study was conducted from July 2013 to December 2015. It included consenting patients of all ages and sexes admitted to the ICU for severe infections in FG. Biological samples were collected based on clinical presentation (plasma, serum, nasopharyngeal swab, broncho-alveolar liquid, cerebrospinal fluid). All samples were collected in duplicate for routine microbiological tests and potential metagenomic sequencing when initial investigations proved negative.

Results:
During the study period, 10.9% (89/813) of ICU admissions were due to community-acquired sepsis. Of these, 22/89 (24.7%) were enrolled. Routine diagnosis tests identified a causal pathogen in 54.5% (12/22) of cases, including arboviruses, influenza virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, Coxiella burnetti, enterovirus, Histoplasma sp, and Leptospira sp. Five of the 22 patients had an unfavorable outcome. Genomic sequence analyses allowed identification of the first human case of Leptospira santarosai in the region.

Conclusion:
This pilot study underscores the array of pathogens causing severe infections in French Guiana. It emphasizes the need to investigate sepsis of unknown origin in a region susceptible to pathogen emergence or reemergence.
Experience with improved version of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (GeneXpert Ultra) in abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Chawla Divjot , Chaudhary Jyoti , Gupta Veenu , singh Akashdeep , Aggarwal Manisha
Published: December 2024

Background:
Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) includes peritoneal and gastrointestinal TB. Diagnosis of Extra pulmonary tuberculosis including abdomainl TB always remained challenging thus leading to missed and delayed diagnosis. Point of care test such as CBNAAT may help in early diagnosis.

Aim:
To evaluate the performance of CBNAAT (GeneXpert Ultra) in peritoneal and abdominal lymph node tuberculosis.

Methods:
The prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology after the ethical committee’s approval. All specimens with a requisition for CBNAAT ultra from clinically suspected admitted patients of abdominal TB, were included. The specimens were subjected to microscopy (ZN stain), culture and CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF assay Ultra) and processed as per standard protocols. The data was analysed statistically.

Results:
Among 331suspected gastrointestinal TB patients, 65.3% were males and the maximum number of patients (33.80%) belonged to the age of more than 60 years. The most common presenting symptom was fever (98.8%) followed by abdominal discomfort (84.5%). Comorbidities such as hypertension (56.5%) and diabetes mellitus (55.6%) were observed. ADA (Adenosine Deaminase>39 U/L) was raised in 20.5 % of patients. Out of the total samples tested 86%were ascitic fluid, 10.9% were lymph nodes and 3% were pus samples. Among these CBNAAT was positive in 14 samples, LJ (Lowenstein Jensen) culture in 6 samples and none was AFB smear positive. Out of 331 patients, 34met the criteria of Composite Reference Standard (CRS). On comparison with culture, CBNAAT showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 97.54%, 42.86% and 100% respectively. While considering CRS as the gold standard CBNAAT showed a sensitivity of 38.24%, specificity of 99.66%, PPV of 92.86% and NPV of 93.38%.

Conclusion:
CBNAAT ultra-detected cases that have been missed by other diagnostic methods and increased the diagnostic yield. Still, low sensitivity was observed with CRS criteria. Hence, a combined clinical, radiological, laboratory and treatment response is the best approach to diagnose the disease
Quantitative Assessment of CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) in SCD Patients in Comparison to non-SCD Cases in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfaraj Dunya , Alkhawaja Hussain , Alghamdi Mohannad , Almuhanna Zahraa , Alfawaz Iba , Alhalimi Abdulbary , Aljazzar Ali , Bunaian Abdullah , Almadan Hassan , Haji Arwaa , Alamoudi Abdullah , Alfaraj Fatimah , Almazyad Yara
Published: December 2024

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene, leading to systemic complications, including stroke, avascular necrosis, and acute chest syndrome. The disease is most prevalent in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia showing significant variability in prevalence and severity across its provinces. Objectives: This study focuses on comparing the quality of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and the rates of pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis between SCD and non-SCD patients, addressing discrepancies in detection sensitivity and clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparison between 60 adult SCD patients and 60 age-matched controls, all of whom were evaluated for suspected PE in our emergency department using an MDCT scanner. Data, including demographic and clinical information, as well as CT findings, were extracted from electronic health records. Results: In SCD patients, the rate of positive CT pulmonary angiograms was 13.3% (8/60), while in non-SCD matched controls, it was 18.3% (11/60). There was no significant difference in the rate of positive CTPA studies (p=0.453). SCD patients exhibited significantly lower enhancement in the main pulmonary artery (PA) (mean 249.9 HU) compared to control subjects (mean 283.7 HU) (p-value= 0.043). Moreover, hemoglobin levels were notably lower in SCD patients (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: SCD patients demonstrated no significant difference in the rate of positive studies for acute PE when compared with controls undergoing CTPA. Furthermore, the lower main PA enhancement in SCD patients supports the hypothesis suggesting reduced sensitivity of CT angiography in detecting PE in this population. Quality improvement initiatives should concentrate on individualized protocol optimization to enhance enhancement quality and increase the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis.
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Antidiabetic Medication in Geriatric Type 2 Diabetes- A Brief Study
Authors: Jakhar Arun , Hussain Sartaj , Hussain Mohd , Saifi Lubna , Usman Kauser , Sawlani K , Khattri Sanjay
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition that poses enormous health and economic burden on society. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of such evidence in India. Hence, we sought to estimate the direct cost of antidiabetic medication in the geriatric population.
Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic of antidiabetic medication in geriatric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment profiles of patients were compiled. All diabetic patients who visited an outpatient department had their prescriptions recorded. A pharmacoeconomic analysis of prescribed anti-diabetic medications was conducted.
Results: The study enrolled 600 DM patients, of which 67.83% were males, 32.17 % were females, and the predominant age group was 60-64 years. In 94.54% of patients, the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drug was metformin 500 mg. In 39.31% of patients, the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic combination was glimepiride 2 mg + metformin 500 mg. Insulin was prescribed in 14.83% of the cases. The percentage cost difference for diabetes medications ranges from 43.010 to 644.444. The monthly cost of monotherapy for most patients with controlled diabetes (31.46%) and uncontrolled diabetes (42.12%) was between 500 and 1000 INR. In addition, the cost of combination therapy ranges between INR 118.91 and INR 300.27.
Conclusion: The costs associated with diabetes are immense and impose a substantial burden on society. Consequently, policymakers should prioritise preventing the disease and its associated problems.
Correlation of glycated haemoglobin( HbA1c) with TNF-α and Oxidised-LDL in Type 2 DM.
Authors: Pawar Pratibha , Dhama Anjali , Chahal Aakriti , Ghalaut Veena
Published: December 2024

Background: Type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) is rising as a major health concern worldwide. The pathogenesis of DM and its complications involve an array of dynamic interactions between genes, inflammatory cytokines like (TNF-α), oxidative stress, environmental factors and lifestyle. Several studies have shown a strong correlation of Ox-LDL (Oxidisedd low-density lipoprotein) and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α) with IR (Insulin resistance). Hence, the present study was designed to study the correlation between HbA1c (Glycated haemoglobin) (a marker of glycemic control) with TNF-α (a marker of chronic inflammation) and Ox-LDL (a marker of oxidative stress).
Aim & Objectives: To study the correlation between TNF-α and Ox-LDL with HbA1c in Type 2 DM.
Methods: For our pilot study, we recruited patients with type 2 DM belonging to age group 35-50 years of either gender from Medicine OPD as cases. The institutional ethics committee approval has been taken before commencement of the study. After informed consent from patients, venous blood samples were collected and analysed using Biochemistry autoanalyser and appropriate ELISA kit. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software.
Result: The study showed raised levels of HbA1c, TNF-α and OX-LDL in type 2 DM patients.
Conclusion: Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and HbA1c (r = 0.829) and also between Ox-LDL and HbA1c (r = 0.638).
TITLE:
Determination of Clinical and Radiological severity of COVID- 19 infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

Authors:
1.Dr Indushree T,
2. Dr.Malini.S,
3. Dr. Prashanth D
4. Dr.Siddeshwarswamy P
5. Dr. Lakshmi D
Authors: T Indushree , S Malini , D Prashanth , P Siddeswaraswamy , D Lakshmi
Published: December 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred global efforts for vaccination. Understanding the severity of infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals can inform clinical practice and public health measures. Objective: To compare the clinical and radiological severity of COVID-19 infections between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients in a tertiary care hospital setting. Methods: A retrospective review of patient records from January to December 2022 at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and research centre, tertiary care centre. Clinical severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on WHO guidelines. Radiological severity was evaluated based on standard CT severity scores. Comparisons were made between the two groups, adjusting for confounding variables like age, gender, and comorbidities. Results: In a study of 150 individuals, 100 had received the vaccine while 50 had not. Those who were vaccinated displayed markedly fewer severe clinical symptoms (p < 0.001) and demonstrated decreased CT severity scores (p < 0.005) when compared to the non-vaccinated group. Though age and pre-existing health conditions played a role in the severity of symptoms, the vaccine's protective benefits were still pronounced after accounting for these factors. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 significantly reduces the clinical and radiological severity of the disease in patients. This study underscores the importance of widespread vaccination to mitigate the impact of the virus on individual health and hospital resources.
Correlation between personality type & Cognitive evoked potential: A comprehensive study
Authors: Arumugam Parthiban , Karunamoorthy Vanathy , Tharanitharan Thirumeni
Published: December 2024

Background:
Among the five distinct categories of personality domain, the Extraversion-Introversion continuum is the most stable personality trait across a person's lifespan.
In his theory, Eysenck notes that one's level of cortical arousal explains their degree of extraversion. In research related to personality dimension, the P300 Event Related Potential component is most notably investigated in relation to extraversion. It is the cognitive evoked potential appearing at about 300 millisecond following task related stimuli.
Objective:
To compare and correlate P 300 amplitude & latency of cognitive evoked potential response among extraverts & introverts
Methodology:
The Universiti Sains Malaysia Personality Inventory (USMaP-i) was used to assess the personality of the participants in the age group of 18-35 years of either gender and they were categorized into specific personality trait- Extravert & Introvert. The participants were assessed for hearing deficit with tuning fork tests (Rinne‘s, Weber‘s & Schwabach‘s test). The recruited participants underwent recording of cognitive event related evoked potential in the research laboratory. P 300 amplitude & latency were analyzed via evoked potential recorder, Medicaid Neurostim apparatus.

Result:
The current study revealed that there exists significant differences in P 300 amplitude & latency among extraverts & introverts
Conclusion:
There exists inherent differences in the personality among the people living in our society and once we tend to acknowledge the same, we can live in a more harmonious relationship with each other.
Role of early clinical exposure in first-year medical education as an adjunct to conventional didactic teaching
Authors: Sahoo Ayaskant , Behera Swikruti
Published: December 2024

Background:
Competency-based medical education includes “early clinical exposure” (ECE) to increase understanding and concept building in the first phase of medical education. ECE does not replace basic sciences and conventional teaching but rather enriches and contextualizes that learning.

Aim:
To assess the importance of early clinical exposure in the first MBBS medical training session when taught as an adjunct to conventional didactic lectures.

Method:
We started with didactic lectures on a specific topic in electrocardiograms (ECGs) followed by early clinical exposure (ECE) on the same topic. This was done in a hospital setting with real patients. We obtained approval from the institutional ethical committee, and students were included in the study after signing a consent letter.

Result:
The students returned a completed questionnaire after the didactic lecture, and the same students returned the questionnaire after an additional session of early clinical exposure. The students here acted as their own controls. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were performed, which revealed that the results were highly significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
ECE was perceived as very satisfactory by the students, and it helped improve the building concept, clarity in the usefulness of the classroom, and theoretical teaching. This will also spike their interest in the subject in the long run. Early clinical exposure might prove to be instrumental in bridging the gap between theory and practice from the beginning of medical education if it is executed properly.
Evaluation of rationality of Drug Promotional Literatures as per WHO criteria in a tertiary care teaching hospital of southern Rajasthan: A cross sectional study
Authors: Kamlekar Dr , Yadav dr , Singh dr , Pichholiya dr , Rathore dr , Gupta dr
Published: December 2024

Background: Pharmaceutical companies employ various advertising strategies to promote their drugs through promotional materials. However, the information presented may lack the necessary details to maintain the consistency of Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) because it does not adhere to the promotional guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO), which can result in inappropriate prescription.
Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy and rationality of Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) by following WHO-Ethical criteria, 1988 norms.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out for ten months, from June 2023 to April 2024 in various outpatient departments at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rajasthan, India.
Results: A total of 135 DPLs were gathered and evaluated among them 9.62% DPLs were fulfilling the WHO guideline criteria. The remaining DPLs quote brand name 100%, generic/INN name 94.81%, dosage form 92.59%, active ingredient 82.96%, and therapeutic use 85.93%. The modest reported findings which include references 58.52%, side effects 41.48%, precautions and warnings 33.33%, and drug-drug interactions 23.70%. The references cited 25.19% were from journals, websites 20.74% followed by 7.41% data base and books 5.19%. The 75.56% claims were about efficacy, 56.30% for safety, and convenience 64.44% followed by cost 31.11% and pharmacokinetic property 25.93% was quoted.
Conclusion: In our research, we find that most drug promotional materials fail to uphold competence, excellence, and uniformity in their advertisements. The pharmaceutical companies did not adhere fully to the WHO ethical guidelines when promoting a drug. Continuous awareness and training initiatives at the institutional level during medical education will enhance clinicians' ability to evaluate and compose accurate, rational, and cost-effective medication choices.
KEY WORDS: Broachers, Drug promotional literature, WHO ethical norms, Pharmaceutical Company, advertisement
From CPTPP to US–Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade: The Evolution of Good Regulatory Practices and Its Implications for Taiwan
Authors: Liu Han-wei
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the evolution and implications of Good Regulatory Practices (GRP) – otherwise known as ‘regulatory coherence’ in international trade agreements, focusing on the US-Taiwan Initiative on twenty-first-Century Trade. By comparing GRP frameworks in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), and the US–Taiwan Initiative, the paper highlights the challenges of integrating GRP into Taiwan’s legal system. The analysis reveals significant disparities between GRP requirements and Taiwan’s existing Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in key areas such as public consultation, regulatory impact assessments (RIAs), and sunset review mechanisms. The paper also explores potential ramifications for Taiwan’s export control regime, particularly for dual-use technologies like semiconductors, revealing tensions between GRP’s transparency and public consultation demands and confidentiality needs. While GRP aims to enhance regulatory quality and facilitate trade, its implementation in Taiwan necessitates complex legislative adjustments. This paper provides a foundation for future research on aligning Taiwan’s legal framework with GRP principles, considering its unique blend of US and German legal influences. The findings have broader implications for understanding the complexities of implementing GRP across diverse legal and administrative systems globally.
Analysis of Islamic Education System Policies in Indonesia during the Reform Era
Authors: Aflizah Nur , Saputri Eki Nining , . Sohiron , Hasri Salfen
Published: December 2024

Education plays a key role in determining the future of a nation. Changes in the education subsystem are necessary to keep pace with the development of the times. Islamic education in Indonesia has developed since the arrival of Islam in the 7th century AD, through various methods such as trade, culture, and education. The history of Islamic education policies in Indonesia covers the period from the pre-independence era to the reform era. During the pre-independence period, Islamic education faced discrimination due to colonial political interests. After independence, Islamic education began to receive attention, especially during the Old Order and New Order periods. The positive impact of New Order policies, which were centralized, was the implementation of educational standardization. This was followed by a shift in political policies during the reform era, from centralization to decentralization, which brought changes to Islamic education policies and had a positive impact, including formal recognition of Islamic educational institutions and increased community participation.
Performance of Various Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Salinity Stress
Authors: Javed Hussain Umrani  , Asif Ali Kaleri  , Danish Manzoor  , Najaf Ali Buriro  , Shah Zeb Khan  , Hafsa Munir  , Waqar Mithal Jiskani  , Sonia Fazal  , Urooj Rehmani  , Laiba Ashfaq
Published: December 2024

Salinity is an abiotic stress limiting the physiological mechanisms, growth and yield in wheat. The aim of this research was to evaluate various wheat verities under different salinity stresses. The data was collected for the study using a CRD design with three replications. For the pot experiment, five different wheat types were chosen: Sarsabz, Kiran-95, T.D.-1, T.J.-83, and Moomal to find out the tolerant cultivar under four different salinity (NaCl) levels viz; 0, 4, 8, and 12 dSm-1. The results further suggested that cultivar Sarsabz shows higher levels of proline (12.12 μmol g-1) and glycine betaine (14.18 μmol g-1)when compared to the control. Furthermore, at 12 dSm-1, the K+/Na+ ratio was higher in Sarsabz, Moomal, and Kiran-95, indicating that these cultivars were more salinity-tolerant than the others. The T.J.-83 and Kiran-95 cultivars demonstrated enhanced yield at the maximum salinity threshold of 12 dSm-1. Findings from the interaction between Moomal and control (non-treated) led to the highest 1000grain weight (52.1g). The Sarsabz, Moomal, and T.J.-83 strains showed tolerance by having higher amounts of proline, glycine-betaine and cell membrane stability. Such concentration of proline, glycinebetaineand sufficient concentrations of K+ over Na+ in the cytoplasm can lead the plants for tolerance.
KAJIAN NORMATIF HUKUM PENGADUAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Badrul Huda  , Nelsa Jehni Asih R.  , Rahayu Dianasari  , Triana Ohoiwutun  , Dominikus Rato
Published: December 2024

Pengaduan dan pelaporan dugaan korupsi oleh kepala desa terkait penggunaan dan pengelolaan dana desa kepada aparat penegak hukum dianggap sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum. Hal ini didasarkan pada pelanggaran terhadap Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 73 Tahun 2020, khususnya pasal-pasal 5, 15, 17, 19, 23, dan 24, serta Undang-Undang Desa Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 Pasal 82 Ayat 3. Pemanggilan kepala desa oleh penyidik berdasarkan pengaduan masyarakat tersebut dianggap cacat hukum karena laporan semestinya diselesaikan di tingkat pemerintah desa dan BPD, bukan melalui pendekatan presumption of guilty (praduga bersalah). Tindakan pemanggilan ini menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dan memicu stigma negatif dalam pemerintahan desa, yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas politik lokal dan mengurangi kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap kepala desa.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN ANAK YANG DILAKUKAN GURU NGAJI DI WILAYAH TANGGAMUS" (STUDI KASUS BERKAS PERKARA BP/45/VIII/RES.1.24./2023/RESKRIM)
Authors: Putri Agustin  , Shinta Septiara Syahputri  , Syarinia Febriantika Agung  , Zainab Ompu Jainah
Published: December 2024

Pencabulan adalah suatu tindakan yang sangat keji, tidak beretika, tercela, dan bertentangan dengan norma di mana korbannya adalah perempuan, baik dewasa maupun di bawah umur. Anak-anak sering menjadi korban kejahatan karena mereka berada pada posisi yang lebih lemah dibandingkan orang dewasa; mereka lebih mudah ditipu, ditipu, dan dipaksa untuk bertindak meskipun mereka tidak melakukan apa-apa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pencabulan anak dalam Putusan Nomor BP/45/VIII/RES.1.24./2023/Reskrim serta pertimbangan hakim dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam kasus pencabulan anak yang dilakukan oleh guru mengajiPenelitian ini menggunakan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru yang melakukan pencabulan terhadap anak harus bertanggung jawab secara pidana. Pasal 82 ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menetapkan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana yang tepat bagi tersangka. Menurut BP/45/VIII/RES.1.24./2023/Reskrim, hakim mempertimbangkan dakwaan jaksa penuntut umum, saksi, dan barang bukti, serta pertimbangan non-juridik, seperti dalam kasus yang memberatkan dan meringankan.
Determination of Eating Attitude and Life Satisfaction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yaşdal Güldane , Yıldırım Arzu
Published: December 2024

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a severe, chronic metabolic disease. Since mental or behavioral problems accompanying physical diseases negatively affect the patient's adaptation, well-being, mortality and morbidity, it is essential to evaluate these problems. The aim of the study was to determine eating attitudes and life satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This cross-sectional study consisted of 130 patients who were hospitalized at the internal medicine and wound care services in Sakarya Training and Research Hospital and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using the Patient Descriptive Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test-40 and Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results: The prevalence of probable eating disorder among the patients was 46.9% (n¬=61) and their perception of life satisfaction was above moderate. Additionally, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the mean of the Satisfaction with Life Scale score according to income and perception of health status, and between the mean of the Satisfaction with Life Scale score and possible eating disorder according to the place of residence (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, approximately half of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at risk for eating disorders and their perception of life satisfaction was above moderate. Healthcare professionals must provide individual-centered.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Levels in Medical Students who Experienced Türkiye Kahramanmaraş 2023 Earthquake
Authors: Yıldırım Öztürk Elif Nur , Karataş Vedat
Published: December 2024

Objective: Earthquakes have significant effects on both physical and mental health. One of the mental health effects is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to determine the level of PTSD and the variables associated with this level in a group of medical students who experienced the February 6, 2023 earthquake in Türkiye, centered on Kahramanmaraş.
Method: The study was cross-sectional. Data from 40 medical students were evaluated. A 15-question data collection form and a 20-item scale for determining the level of post-earthquake trauma were used for the study. The scale provides scores ranging from 20 to 100, and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of trauma. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient and Cohen's d were calculated as effect sizes. Ethics committee approval and institutional approval were obtained for this study.
Results: Twenty three of the students were male. Of the students, 31 had experienced loss of a loved one and 36 had experienced damage to residential building. The mean score of the students on the scale was 63.5±14.1. Gender (0.639), maternal education level (0.256), pre-earthquake income status (0.211), professional psychological support (0.785), loss of a loved one (0.166), damage to residential building (0.209), loss of property (0.544), and post-earthquake migration (0.399) were identified as variables associated with PTSD.
Conclusion: Most students were negatively affected by the recent earthquake and experienced medium PTSD. It is important to provide community and risk group based mental health support after the earthquake.
PERFIL DOS EGRESSOS DO BACHARELADO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Borges Luiza Viriato , Ribeiro Victoria Figueiredo , Silva Roberta Dorneles Ferreira da Costa , Plácido Franklin , Umpierre Daniel , Porto Nathalia Daniely Heinz , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer
Published: December 2024

Introdução: Os cursos de Bacharelado em Saúde Coletiva, no Brasil, criados a partir de 2007 em diferentes universidades públicas, colocaram centenas de sanitaristas no mercado de trabalho. Na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), o curso de graduação em Saúde Coletiva completou quinze anos em 2024, e pouco se conhece sobre a trajetória profissional de seus egressos. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico, profissional e acadêmico dos egressos do Bacharelado em Saúde Coletiva da UFRGS. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, utilizando questionário semiestruturado, autoaplicado e on-line. O questionário foi dividido em quatro seções temáticas, contemplando informações sociodemográficas, socioeconômicas, profissionais e acadêmicas. Resultados: Dos 275 egressos do curso, formados entre 2009 e 2023, 100 participaram do estudo. Dos participantes, 84% se declaram mulher cisgênero, 70% branca e 42% com idade entre 31 e 40 anos. As respondentes atuam na área da saúde, apesar de 55,2% não atuarem como sanitarista. Dos que trabalham, 47% são servidores públicos e, quanto aos que atuam como sanitaristas, 50,2% estão vinculados a estabelecimentos públicos (secretarias). No que diz respeito às informações acadêmicas, 28% já possuíam outra formação de nível superior completo e 78% realizam (ou realizaram) algum tipo de pós-graduação desde a conclusão do curso. Os principais motivos para o ingresso no curso foram a aptidão e a identificação com a área (69,8%). Por outro lado, a falta de oportunidades e as incertezas em relação ao retorno financeiro foram os principais fatores que desestimularam o ingresso. Conclusão: A trajetória acadêmica e profissional dos egressos do Bacharelado em Saúde Coletiva da UFRGS destaca os desafios e as potencialidades dessa formação. Embora muitos dos graduados estejam inseridos na área da saúde, nem sempre ocupam posições diretamente vinculadas à atuação como sanitaristas, evidenciando a necessidade de maior reconhecimento e valorização da profissão no mercado de trabalho.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE VALIDITY OF NOMINEE AGREEMENT ON THE OWNERSHIP OF SHARES BETWEEN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE
Authors:   O.C. Kaligis & Associates, Ricky Claudio , Sugianto Fajar ,   Universitas Pelita Harapan, Maretta Yohanie ,   Universitas Pelita Harapan
Published: December 2024

Share ownership as a form of investment is regulated by laws that protect companies and their shareholders. In addition to these laws and regulations, shareholder agreements and the Civil Code safeguard the interests of shareholders and the company. Nonetheless, legal circumvention often occurs due to investment restrictions, such as the widespread practice of Nominee Agreements. However, some of these regulations confuse the nominee and the Beneficial Owner (BO), allowing for abuse and violation of the law. This research focuses on the concept of nominee shareholding agreement in Indonesia and its comparison with Singapore, using the theories and concepts of comparative law, legal entity, corporate organ, agreement, share, shareholder, beneficial owner, and legal principles approach to show that Indonesia rejects and prohibits nominee agreements, while Singapore protects certain conditions for nominee shareholders and nominee directors who meet their requirements. This difference in approach is reflected in the legal consequences given to parties who violate these regulations in each country.
DISREGARD OF THE CORPORATE ENTITY IN RUSSIAN CASE LAW
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Baukina Irina
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews the legal doctrines developed in case law and used to challenge corporate decisions and resulting transactions: the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil, the beneficial ownership doctrine, affiliation, and corporate estoppel. When applied, these doctrines strip the entity of its incorporated status and separate existence. The article observes that the doctrines under discussion are used to stop abuse by managers and directors in corporate contexts. The author concludes that, where affiliated, an entity does not hide behind the corporate veil, as is the case in the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil, but exercises corporate control openly. Also, the beneficial ownership doctrine is applicable when an entity holds equity interests not directly but through a chain of affiliated companies and trusts. The following circumstances can provide grounds for applying this type of estoppel to challenge a corporate decision: non-compliance with corporate customs and standard forms of the documents recording the decision-making process; non-compliance with the time-honored procedure for corporate discussion and decision-making; a person was deceived into thinking that they were dealing with a company, whereas it was a citizen, and vice versa.
Chief Editors’ Note
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Gromova Elizaveta , Ferreira Daniel ,   DBFLaw
Published: December 2024

Dear Readers, We proudly present the Second Issue of the International Journal of Law in Changing World -IJLCW. We are delighted that this Issue is an example of international knowledge exchange. Authors worldwide presented their papers on current legal problems. Our authors gave the journal the honor of publishing highly relevant research papers devoted to different aspects of law and regulations that the modern world faces. We sincerely thank all our readers, authors, reviewers, and other journal supporters. We wish you all a Happy New Year and new outstanding achievements and hope for future cooperation. Sincerely yours. Editors-in-Chief Elizaveta Gromova and Daniel Brantes Ferreira
THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT OF 2023: STRENGTHENING PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors:   Gujarat National Law University, Saurabh Shubham
Published: December 2024

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023 is a landmark piece of legislation that safeguards individual privacy rights and strengthens data security. It emphasizes the power of individuals over their personal data by introducing the concepts of consent, data minimization, and the right to be forgotten. The Act also impacts businesses by imposing obligations on data controllers and processors, requiring them to implement effective data protection frameworks and procedures. The Establishment of the Data Protection Board of India as the Central Watchdog will be crucial in enforcing the Act. This research paper examines the power given to people over their personal data and its impact on business compliance and operational changes on data controllers, given the penalties for non-compliance. The analysis concludes that the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023 serves as a beacon for privacy rights and data protection in the digital world.
Analysis of the effect of disclosure Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) against tax avoidance
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Dinarjito Agung
Published: December 2024

This research explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance. CSR is seen as a social responsibility that reflects a company's compliance with stakeholder expectations, while tax avoidance is often considered an opportunistic act to maximize profits. This research uses a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review method (Systematic Literature Review/SLR) and uses the PRISMA method. The literature used is publications published from 2021 to 2024. This research aims to identify the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and tax avoidance practices. Even though there are research that concludes there is no significant influence between CSR disclosure and tax avoidance practices, The results of the literature review show that most studies state a negative relationship between CSR disclosure and tax avoidance practices. In addition, other research finds a positive relationship because company size strengthens the influence of CSR on tax avoidance with a significant and beneficial effect. This research provides a theoretical contribution to existing literature by exploring the relationship between CSR disclosure and tax avoidance.
Gamificación: estrategia efectiva implementada por el estudiantado en talleres impartidos en el curso de capacitación y desarrollo de la Universidad Técnica Nacional, Costa Rica.
Authors: Vasconcelos-Vásquez Kattia Lizzett , Guevara Cruz Yorleny Eugenia , Ugalde Naranjo Jinette , Venegas Quirós Roxana , Montero Ulate Betzaida
Published: December 2024

Este manuscrito es el resultado de aplicar la metodología de gamificación en el curso de Capacitación y Desarrollo de personas de la carrera de Administración y Gestión de Recursos Humanos (AGRH) de la Universidad Técnica Nacional, durante el periodo 2018-2023, cuyo reto final fue la implementación de talleres dirigidos a diferentes públicos meta de la universidad, en los cuales se desarrollaron actividades gamificadas. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los resultados obtenidos en los talleres implementados por el estudiantado y evidenciar cómo la estrategia metodológica de gamificación facilitó la realización de los eventos de capacitación. Estos talleres se impartieron de forma presencial (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023) y virtual (2020 por la pandemia de la COVID-19). La población total abordada es de 638 personas. Los resultados se relacionan con la disposición de las personas para participar en los talleres, atraídos por ser espacios libres de discriminación, además de valorar la creatividad de los estudiantes al escoger juegos tradicionales y gamificarlos según diagnóstico de necesidades de capacitación aplicado a la población que participa en los talleres implementados. La conclusión primordial es que la estrategia de gamificación rompe mitos y barreras sociales. Además, fortalece las habilidades blandas (comunicación, trabajo en equipo, resolución de imprevistos, adaptación al entorno liderazgo situacional) del estudiantado cuando diseña los talleres gamificados y logra sus retos, resaltando que las personas participantes se sienten integradas y parte de un grupo.
Evaluación del perfil y salto competencial: sector empresarial vs. estudiantes de administración. Universidad Virtual CNCI
Authors: Moreno Briceño Fidel , Alor Dávila Fernando , González Villarreal Delia Consuelo
Published: December 2024

Durante los últimos años la sociedad se ha visto afectada por diversos fenómenos que han impactado en la búsqueda de oportunidades para obtener los conocimientos que les permitan desenvolverse en el mundo laboral de forma efectiva, esta realidad debe ser tomada en cuenta desde la educación para implementar estrategias de diseño y rediseño de los programas educativos que brinden a los estudiantes las competencias que las empresas demandan. Por lo que esta investigación busca evaluar la relación entre el perfil de los profesionistas demandados por el sector empresarial con respecto al perfil de los estudiantes de administración en la Universidad Virtual CNCI de los últimos cuatrimestres, mediante un método cuantitativo no experimental tomando en cuenta a la población estudiantil activa.
Los simuladores gerenciales para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales del administrador de empresas
Authors: Guzmán Duque Alba Patricia , Chalarca-Guzmán Luisa María , Guevara Ramirez José Alexander
Published: December 2024

Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en educación superior requieren la tecnología para favorecer la profesión del Administrador de Empresas. Los simuladores son herramientas innovadoras que favorecen el desarrollo de competencias porque obligan al estudiante a asumir roles para tomar decisiones gerenciales. Esta investigación es cuantitativa y presenta la percepción de 290 universitarios de Administración de Empresas de una IES de Colombia, sobre el desarrollo de competencias gerenciales-grupales con el uso de simuladores. La técnica del ANOVA mostró diferencias según el género, las mujeres crean relaciones personales con los miembros de sus equipos para tomar decisiones empresariales (p<.000) y los hombres equipos competitivos para obtener resultados (p<.000). Es evidente que las tendencias en educación superior se relacionan con el uso de tecnología, de ahí la importancia del uso de simuladores gerenciales en el aula para el desarrollo de competencias disciplinares para el desempeño eficiente del Administrador de Empresas en el sector real.
Probable Record of Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum in Southwestern Nigeria: Indications from Nannofossils of FA-1 Borehole, Eastern Benin Basin.
Authors: Adebambo Adeniyi , Falodu Ayomiposi
Published: December 2024

The Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) interval has been reported in several calcareous nannofossil studies from Paleogene basins around world including the Southern Tethys basins of North Africa. The Southern Tethys basins are believed to be connected to the Eastern Benin Basin through the Trans – Saharan Seaway during the Paleogene.  Based on these reports, we carried out a biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic analyses of the calcareous nannofossils recovered from 25 ditch cutting samples in the FA-1 borehole to investigate possible record of the PETM in the Eastern Benin Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. The samples yielded characteristic Paleocene – Eocene calcareous nannofossils species (Coccolithus pelagicus, Coccolithus formosus, Chiasmolithus solitus, Sphenolithus moriformis, Pontosphaera plana, Pontosphaera multipora, Lophodolithus mochioporus, Lophodolithus nanscens, Neochiastozygus perfectus and Zeugrhabdotus sigmoides) and the Maastrichtian species, Arkhangeskiella cymbiformis. The assemblages allow the recognition of CC 22 (Maastrichtian) and NP 4 – NP 6 (early – late Paleocene) nannofossil zones. The relatively abundant occurrences of the genus Coccolithus and Sphenolithus in the carbonate interval of borehole suggest prevailing oligotrophic, warm water condition. The barren interval succeeding the peak nannofossil abundance at sample 159 m coincides with the onset of continuous clastic sedimentation in the FA-1 borehole. This is believed to have resulted from the shoaling of the Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) and increased clastic input occasioned by the climatic and ocean water perturbations of the PETM interval. The emergence of the genus Pontosphaera (Pontosphaera plana and Pontosphaera multipora) at depth 87 m above the barren interval suggest a return to cooler, mesotrophic to eutrophic water condition after the drastic temperature rise and oligotrophic waters of the PETM. 
 
Key-words - Calcareous nannofossils, Paleocene - Eocene, Benin Basin, Thermal Maximum.
Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events: Records from India and future scope
Authors: Singh Abha , Prem Raj Uddandam
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a review of the Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) studies, carried out from India. It also provides a summary of the researches pursued on biostratigraphic, isotopic, and organic geochemical proxies for establishing Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) from the Mesozoic sedimentary sequences of the Indian Subcontinent. From Indian sedimentary basins, studies are available on OAE-1a, OAE-1b, OAE-1d, OAE-2, and OAE-3. From the Cauvery Basin records of OAE-1b, OAE-1d, OAE-2, and OAE-3 are available. From the Spiti Valley records are present on OAE-2 (Chikkim Formation) only, and the possibilities of late Valanginian Weissert Event (W-OAE), latest Hauterivian Faraoni Event (F-OAE) and OAE-1a are expected to be present in Giumal Formation. Nonetheless, the Black shale from Rudramata Shale, Jhuran Formation indicate possible late Jurassic OAE, based on the character of sedimentary facies and organic geochemical results. There is also, possibility of OAE-1a and OAE-1b in the Ukra and Upper member of the Bhuj Formation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive introduction on global and regional OAEs records from the Indian subcontinent and a significant window on available knowledge of these events in India and supply significant attention for the future research possibilities from the Indian landmass.