bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staging Socrates: The Public Intellectual and Democracy in Maxwell Anderson’sBarefoot in Athens
Authors: Farhadi Ramin
Published: January 2023

Though much lauded as a playwright in his day, Maxwell Anderson was also an outspoken dissident, fired from two teaching posts early in his career for his political views. Barefoot in Athens (1951), staged during the period of McCarthyism and the outbreak of the Korean War, investigates those political events and their impact on free speech, dramatizing the marginalization of the intellectual through parallels with the life and trial of Socrates of Athens in 399 BCE. I draw on critics including Julien Benda and Edward Said, as well as Martin’s Puchner’s discussion of the “Socrates Play” genre, to triangulate Anderson’s vision of the public intellectual as a truth-seeker whose social commitments propel him to interrogate powerful authorities and expose non-democratic principles. In Barefoot, Anderson diagnoses the pathologies of contemporary American democracy through his depictions of the last weeks of Socrates’ life, portraying the great thinker not as an aloof philosopher but as an engaged intellectual. In this way, Anderson leverages the long tradition of the “Socrates Play” to cast a light on the political forces that sought to sideline and silence public intellectuals during his own era while seeking new definitions of and roles for the public intellectual based on the evaluation of past models.
The Afterlives of Enslavement: Histories of Racial Injustice in Contemporary Black British Theatre
Authors: Delijani Clare Finburgh
Published: January 2023

Over the past five years, a number of Black British women authors have written what might be called postcolonial ghost plays. This article focuses, to varying degrees, on four: ear for eye (2018), debbie tucker green’s dissection of enslavement and its afterlives; Rockets and Blue Lights (2020), Winsome Pinnock’s historical film-within-a-play about the Middle Passage; The Gift (2020), Janice Okoh’s semi-biography of an African girl who became Queen Victoria’s ward; and Selina Thompson’s salt. (2018), an autobiographical performance piece tracing her ancestors’ enslavement. Ghosts and haunting, which I examine from multiple perspectives, appear across this range of theatrical genres. With their multiple, doubled, spectral, interpenetrating stories, tucker green, Pinnock, Okoh, and Thompson’s postcolonial ghost plays reactivate the past of enslavement that has not passed, that is still active in the form of racial and social injustices today. Ghosts, prevalent across the plays, represent the dead who, plumbing the depths of the Middle Passage, are denied a resting place. The ghost, the figure of the living dead par excellence, reflects the dehumanization of trafficked Africans, from whom their enslavers sought to subtract all subjectivity. Ghosts, too, reveal the work of mourning performed by the living for those who were never properly buried. This mourning exposes and disrupts enduring structures of injustice, and searches for reparation. Ghosts, or revenants, returning and refusing to rest, represent the resilient resistance to injustice. Finally, ghosts, neither fully past nor present, absent or present, symbolize indeterminacy and instability, illustrated in the plays by subjects determined to take control of their own identities and destinies. Together, these plays demonstrate how we must look back to the roots of historical racism in order to look forward to its eradication.
ІСТОРІЯ ТУРИЗМУ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ НЕДОСКОНАЛОСТІ ЗАКОНОДАВЧОЇ БАЗИ ТУРИЗМУ
Authors: Абрамов Валерій
Published: January 2023

Вступ. Державна структура управління в галузі туризму в Україні зазнавала значних змін продовж останніх 30 років. У світовій літературі прийнято виділяти три моделі державного управління туризмом: діяльність туристичної галузі контролюється сильним централізованим міністерством; управління туристичної галузі здійснюється в системі багатогалузевого міністерства; відсутність центрального державного туристського органу. Але слід виділити також модель, що існувала в період з квітня 1936 по грудень 1991 рік, коли Україна входила у склад СРСР. Держава делегувала повноваження з розвитку туризму в країні профспілкам, як частини державного апарату правлячої партії, яка виконує специфічні функції.
Мета дослідження. Метою роботи є дослідження шляху становлення апарату державного управління туризмом в Україні та визначення недоліків у статтях Закону України «Про туризм».
Матеріали і методи. В ході роботи були досліджені матеріали, що стосуються розвитку державного управління туризмом в незалежній Україні. Проведено аналіз Закону України «Про туризм» та Закону України про внесення змін до Закону України «Про туризм».
Результати. За період незалежності України модель державного управління туризмом змінювалось багато разів. Таке різноманіття форм структур (агентства, адміністрація, департамент, комітет, міністерство, служба) системи державного управління, коли при цьому змінилося, як мінімум, 7 керівників галузі, не кажучи вже про зміну самого апарату, не може позитивно позначитися на розвиток туризму в країні. Україна була першою країною СНГ яка прийняла Закон «Про туризм», але швидкість його прийняття не дала змогу досконало його пропрацювати, тому він є недосконалим і потребує деяких змін.
Висновки. За для сталого розвитку туризму в Україні перш за все необхідно чітко визначитись із державною структурою управління туристською галуззю. Також розробити Туристський Кодекс України, залучаючи до цього науковий потенціал закладів вищої освіти, які готують туристські кадри, а також фахівців туристичної галузі, що володіють великим практичним досвідом роботи в туризмі.
ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ ЗАСОБАМИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ НАРОДНИХ РУХЛИВИХ ІГОР, НАРОДНИХ ТРАДИЦІЙ, ЗВИЧАЇВ ТА ОБРЯДІВ
Authors: Данилко Валентина , Кравченко Тетяна
Published: January 2023

Вступ. На основі аналізу та узагальнення літературних джерел та передового практичного досвіду вивчено використання українських народних рухливих ігор та їхній вплив на формування національної свідомості старших школярів в умовах збройної та інформаційної агресії з боку Російської Федерації проти України. У дослідженні наголошується на потребі систематичного й цілеспрямованого національного виховання особистості на культурно-історичному досвіді рідного народу, його багатовікових традиціях, звичаях та духовності.
Актуальність дослідження. Вивчення особливостей національних традицій фізичного виховання та можливостей їх використання в освітньому просторі молоді є важливим і актуальним завданням сучасної науки, оскільки фундаментальним чинником побудови громадського суспільства та демократії є національна свідомість громадян.
Мета дослідження полягає в обґрунтуванні застосування народних рухливих ігор у процесі формування національної свідомості старшокласників.
Методи дослідження: аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне спостереження, анкетування, метод математичної статистики.
Результати. У статті зазначено, що національні традиції фізичного виховання впроваджуються через історичний, теоретичний та методичний напрямки. До структури національної свідомості входять: політичний, емоційно-ціннісний, мотиваційний, діяльнісно-практичні компоненти. У процесі дослідження було визначено три етапи формування в учнів загального виховання. Формування національної свідомості на заняттях фізичним вихованням відбувається за допомогою народних рухливих ігор. Вони належать до універсального засобу всебічного виховання молоді, оскільки у них відображено побут, праця, національні традиції народу, уявлення про сміливість, чесність, порядність людини.
Висновки. У науковій роботі обґрунтовано педагогічні умови формування національної свідомості учнів старших класів. Народні традиції, звичаї, обряди виступають важливим фактором формування у молоді високої національної свідомості, почуття вірності, любові до Батьківщини, готовності до її захищати.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ТА СИСТЕМИ КОНТРОЛЮ В ОСВІТНІХ УСТАНОВАХ КИТАЙСЬКОЇ НАРОДНОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ
Authors: Круцевич Тетяна , Марченко Оксана , Холодова Ольга , Чжімінь Се
Published: January 2023

Вступ. У представленій науковій статті проведено узагальнення та систематизація існуючих наукових досліджень щодо вивчення характерних особливостей організації фізичного виховання в КНР.
Мета статті – дослідити сучасні підходи щодо організації фізичного виховання та системи контролю в освітніх установах Китайської Народної Республіки. Дослідження проводилось науковцями НУФВСУ та Університету Січан (КНР).
Результатами дослідження визначено, що відповідно до національного стандарту фізичної підготовленості студентської молоді КНР, система оцінювання являє собою комплексний показник, який складається з суми балів окремих тестів, помножених на відповідні їм вагові коефіцієнти. В системі критеріїв оцінювання рівня фізичної підготовленості студентів КНР обов’язковим є врахування показників фізичного розвитку: ІМТ (індекс маси тіла) та ЖЄЛ (життєва ємність легень). Система контролю за рівнем фізичної підготовленості школярів і студентів КНР – це іспит з предмета «Фізична культура».
ВПЛИВ РУХЛИВИХ ІГОР НА РОЗВИТОК ФІЗИЧНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ У ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Павлова Тетяна , Єфанова Валентина , Іванік Оксана
Published: January 2023

Вступ. Формування та виховання гармонійної особистості, яка володіє не тільки знаннями, а й практичними навичками є запорукою її успішної соціалізації. Починаючи з дошкільного віку дитина починає засвоювати ті рухові уміння і навики, які їй пропонують у закладі дошкільної освіти. На заняття з фізичного виховання та на спеціалістів у цій галузі покладено велику відповідальність. Для створення позитивного емоційного фону та відповідного розвитку рухових якостей провідне значення мають рухливі ігри. Рухливі ігри – один з основних засобів фізичного виховання дітей. У дошкільному віці діти мають велику потребу у русі. Під час рухливих ігор у дітей удосконалюються рухи, розвиваються фізичні якості.
Мета дослідження: підвищити ефективність фізичного виховання засобами рухливих ігор, які впливають на формування фізичних якостей дітей старшого дошкільного віку.
Методи дослідження: теоретичні – аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури; педагогічні – спостереження, експеримент, тестування; методи математичної статистики.
Результати дослідження. В результаті проведених досліджень доведено, що у фізичному вихованні дітей старшого дошкільного віку доцільніше використовувати програму, яка ґрунтується на застосуванні рухливих ігор, що ефективно впливає на розвиток рухових якостей. В процесі проведення ігор різної спрямованості у дітей виховується увага і спостережливість, розвиваються вольові якості, формується характер. Аналіз програмних і методичних матеріалів з фізичного виховання в дошкільних установах і організації цього процесу на практиці свідчать про те, що основна увага на заняттях з фізичної культури приділяється навчанню основним рухам. В результаті дошкільнята не отримують необхідного фізичного навантаження, яке чинило б істотний вплив на розвиток фізичних якостей.
Висновки. Впровадження програм фізичного виховання дітей старшого дошкільного віку зі збільшеним обсягом рухливих ігор є більш ефективним для розвитку фізичних якостей в цьому віці, ніж застосування існуючої програми фізичного виховання в ЗДО для дітей старшого дошкільного віку.
Learning from ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in a Society Characterized by Ageism
Authors: Van den Hoonaard Deborah
Published: January 2023

Bahá’ís the world over view ‘Abdu’l-Bahá not only as the Centre of Bahá’u’lláh’s Covenant but as the Exemplar of how we should live. However, although the images and stories of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá that come to mind for many of us are from the period of His life after His release from prison at the age of sixty-five, we don’t often think about Him as an old man. This article summarizes the nature and impact of ageism and how we learn to be old by the way people treat us. It explores how ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s example informs our own lives given the prevalence of ageism in Western society.
Overview of industrial non-contact 3D scanners for biomedical using
Authors: Bilynsky Y.Y. , Zhyvotivskyi S.M.
Published: January 2023

The article reviews the key means of creating 3D models of objects and controlling their geometric parameters by using 3D scanners. A comparative analysis was conducted based on the use of the most promising 3D scanners.
Defining postoperative C5 palsy and recovery: a systematic review
Authors: Deshpande Nachiket , Stino Amro M. , Smith Brandon W. , Little Ann A. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Park Paul , Saadeh Yamaan S.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Postoperative C5 palsy (C5P) is a well-recognized and often-delayed complication of cervical spine surgery. Most patients recover within 6 months of onset, but the prognosis of severe cases is poor. The clinical significance and natural history of mild versus severe C5P appear to differ substantially, but palsy severity and recovery have been poorly characterized in the literature.

METHODS

Owing to the varying prognoses and expanding treatment options such as nerve transfer surgery to reconstruct the C5 myotome, this systematic review attempted to describe how C5P severity is classified and how C5P and its recovery are defined, with the aim of proposing a postoperative C5P scale to support clinical decision-making. PubMed was searched for articles in English published since 2000 that offer a clear definition of postoperative C5P or its recovery. Only articles reporting exclusively on C5 palsy for patients undergoing surgery for degenerative disease were included. A single reviewer screened titles and abstracts and reviewed the full text of relevant articles, with consultation as needed from a second reviewer. Data collected included postoperative C5P definitions, classification of C5P severity, and definition and/or classification of C5P recovery. Qualitative analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Full-text reviews were conducted of 98 of 272 articles identified and screened, and 43 met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative C5P was most commonly defined as a reduction in deltoid muscle strength by ≥ 1 grade using manual muscle testing (MMT), with potential biceps involvement also noted by some studies. The few studies that stratified C5P on the basis of severity unanimously characterized severe C5P as MMT grade ≤ 2. Nine studies reported on C5P recovery. Deltoid muscle strength improvement of MMT grade 5 commonly defined complete recovery, with no MMT improvement considered partial recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

This review identified clear discrepancies in the definitions of C5P and its recovery, leading to heterogeneity in its evaluation and management. With the emergence of therapeutic procedures for severe C5P, standardization of the definitions of C5P and its recovery is critical. The authors propose MMT grades of 4, 3, and ≤ 2 to classify C5P as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively, and grades of 5, 4, and 3 to classify recovery as complete, sufficient, and useful, respectively.
Implementation of a spine triage program and its effect on outpatient radiology utilization
Authors: Ryan Emma N. , Yolcu Yagiz , Rizvi Tasneem Z. , Christopher Susan R. , Dunbar Melissa R. , Whitmore Robert G. , Ghogawala Zoher
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Clinical care pathways designed to triage spinal disorders have been shown to reduce wait times and improve patient satisfaction. The goal of this study was to perform an analysis of outpatient radiology costs before and after the implementation of a spine care triage pathway.

METHODS

All imaging orders and surgical procedures were captured in a prospective spine registry for patients referred to the department of neurosurgery within a single academic center between July 1, 2017, and November 3, 2020. A spine triage algorithm was developed and implemented January 1, 2018. Healthcare utilization was recorded for 1 year after the first appointment in the department of neurosurgery. Imaging costs were estimated using publicly available data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Statistical analysis consisted of an independent sample t-test or randomization test for continuous variables and a chi-square test for categorical variables.

RESULTS

A total of 3854 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 60 years (50.8% female) and 89.8% had undergone advanced imaging before being referred to the department of neurosurgery. In total, 12.6% of patients were referred with a specific surgical diagnosis (i.e., spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, etc.). During the pretriage phase 1810 patients were enrolled, and there were 2044 patients enrolled after the triage algorithm was implemented. Advanced imaging (CT or MRI) was ordered more frequently by providers before the triage program was initiated, with imaging ordered in 34% (617/1810) of patients pretriage versus 14.8% (302/2044) after the triage pathway was implemented (p < 0.001). The authors calculated a significant reduction in cost associated with reduced radiology utilization. Before triage, the cost of radiology utilization was $85,475/1000 patients compared with $40,107/1000 patients afterward (p < 0.001). The triage program did not change the utilization of surgery (14.6% before, 13.6% after).

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients treated after a spinal triage program was implemented in a single neurosurgery department, there was a substantial reduction in the use of advanced imaging and a 50% reduction in cost associated with outpatient radiology utilization. The triage program did not change the rate of spine surgery being performed.
A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase IIb trial of an autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for newly diagnosed glioblastomas
Authors: Muragaki Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Eiichi , Maruyama Takashi , Nitta Masayuki , Saito Taiichi , Ikuta Soko , Komori Takashi , Kawamata Takakazu , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Tsuboi Koji , Matsumura Akira , Nakamura Hideo , Kuroda Junichiro , Abe Tatsuya , Momii Yasutomo , Saito Ryuta , Tominaga Teiji , Tabei Yusuke , Suzuki Ichiro , Arakawa Yoshiki , Miyamoto Susumu , Matsutani Masao , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Nakazato Yoichi , Maebayashi Katsuya , Hashimoto Koichi , Ohno Tadao
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

An autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) derived from resected glioblastoma (GBM) tissue can be used against unidentified tumor antigens. Thus, the authors conducted a multicenter double-blind phase IIb trial to investigate the efficacy of an AFTV.

METHODS

Eligible patients were adults with supratentorial GBMs, 16–75 years of age, with Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores ≥ 60%, and no long-term steroid administration. An AFTV comprising fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue with immune adjuvants or an identical placebo without fixed tumor tissue was injected intradermally over three courses before and after chemoradiotherapy. The primary and secondary end points were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and 3-year survival rate.

RESULTS

Sixty-three patients were enrolled. The average patient age was 61 years. The median KPS score was 80%, and the median resection rate was 95%. The full analysis set of 57 patients indicated no significant difference in OS (p = 0.64) for the AFTV group (median OS 25.6 months, 3-year OS rate 38%) compared with the placebo group (31.5 months and 41%, respectively) and no difference in PFS (median PFS 13.3 months in both groups, p = 0.98). For patients with imaging-based total tumor removal, the 3-year PFS rate was 81% in the AFTV group versus 46% in the placebo group (p = 0.067), whereas the 3-year OS rate was 80% versus 54% (p = 0.16), respectively. Similar results were obtained in the p53-negative subgroups. Severe adverse effects were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The AFTV may have potential effects in certain patient subgroups. A phase III study for patients with total tumor removal remains warranted to confirm these findings.

Clinical trial registration no.: UMIN000010602 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry)
Failed mechanical thrombectomy: prevalence, etiology, and predictors
Authors: Lajthia Orgest , Almallouhi Eyad , Ali Hamid , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Bass Eric , Neyens Ron , Anadani Mohamad , Chalhoub Reda , Kicielinski Kimberly , Lena Jonathan , Porto Guilherme , Sattur Mithun , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Kasab Sami Al
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Despite advances in endovascular techniques, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) fails to achieve successful reperfusion in approximately 20% of patients. This study aimed to identify common etiologies and predictors of failed thrombectomy in a contemporary series.

METHODS

A prospectively maintained database of MT patients between January 2013 and August 2021 was interrogated. Failed MT was defined as a final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score < 2b. Demographic data, procedural details, stroke etiology, and anatomical data in patients who underwent MT with subsequent failed reperfusion were collected.

RESULTS

Of a total 1010 MT procedures, 120 (11.9%) were unsuccessful. The mean patient age was 66.8 years; 51.5% of patients were male, and 61.1% were White. The most common failure location was intracranial (93.3%) followed by failure at the arch (3.3%) and neck (3.3%). Among patients with intracranial failure, underlying intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) was the cause of failure in 84 patients (70%). Compared with patients with successful MT, patients with failed MT had a longer onset to puncture time (p = 0.012) and onset to groin time (p = 0.04). Rescue stenting was performed in 45 cases: 39 patients (4.4%) with successful MT and 6 (5.0%) with MT failure (p = 0.765). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that diabetes mellitus (p = 0.009) was independently associated with unsuccessful reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Failed MT was encountered in approximately 12% of MT procedures. The most common cause of failed MT was underlying ICAS. Further studies to evaluate better ways of early identification and treatment of ICAS-related large-vessel occlusion are warranted.
Postoperative seizure freedom after vagus nerve stimulator placement in children 6 years of age and younger
Authors: Maleknia Pedram , McWilliams Timothy D. , Barkley Ariana , Estevez-Ordonez Dagoberto , Rozzelle Curtis , Blount Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation is limited to patients older than 4 years of age with medically refractory partial-onset seizures. In younger children with severe generalized epilepsy, however, VNS implantation remains off-label. In this study, the authors followed up on their previously reported cohort to review the longer-term safety and efficacy of VNS placement in children younger than 6 years with generalized medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), providing the largest cohort with > 2 years of follow-up to date in this age group.

METHODS

This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients younger than 6 years of age with generalized MRE who underwent VNS implantation at a single institution between 2010 and 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed failure of more than two antiepileptic drugs alone or in combination, neurologist referral for vagus nerve stimulation, informed consent with knowledge of the off-label status in young children, and > 1 year of follow-up. Outcome measures included seizure reduction rate ≥ 50% and postoperative morbidity defined nominally. Statistical analysis was conducted with Stata/SE.

RESULTS

Forty-five patients were included: 11 patients younger than 4 years of age and 34 between 4 and 6 years of age. There were no intraoperative complications. Perioperative complications within 1 year occurred in 11% (n = 5) of the patients and included two wound infections, a mild cough, hyperactivity, hoarseness, and 1 patient with persistent surgical site pain.

A seizure reduction ≥ 50% was observed in 36.4% (n = 4) of the patients younger than 4 years of age at the 6-month and 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-ups. In the 4- to 6-year-old cohort, this was observed in 32.4% (n = 11) of the patients at 6 months, 41.2% (n = 14) at 1 year, 38.2% (n = 13) at 2 years, and 41.2% (n = 14) at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS

VNS implantation for patients younger than 4 years of age with generalized onset MRE has not been approved by the FDA. This retrospective study establishes feasibility, illustrates an acceptable safety profile in children younger than 6 years, and demonstrates efficacy comparable to that reported in older patients.
NORMA INTERNASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pramono Sugiarto , Ulfa Diyana Rosyida
Published: January 2023

One of the contemporary international problems faced by the Governments in the world is asylum seekers and refugees. As an archipelagic country located at the junction of two oceans and two continents, Indonesia is a target for asylum seekers and refugees worldwide. This is certainly a challenge for Jokowi's foreign policy. In this context, Presidential Regulation/ Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 125, 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees was issued. Through a qualitative descriptive method with data analysis techniques, this study came to the conclusion that the policy was issued due to at least two factors, namely: (1) as a temporary substitute for the 1951 and 1962 UN Conventions which had not been ratified; (2) The strengthening of international norms in the form of human rights.

Keywords: International Norms, Asylum Seekers, Refugees, Perpres No 125 Tahun 2016

Abstraksi

Salah satu masalah internasional kontemporer yang dihadapi Pemerintah Indonesia adalah Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi. Sebagai negara kepulauan yang berada di persimpangan dua samudera dan dua benua, Indonesia menjadi sasaran pencari suaka dan pengungsi dunia. Hal itu tentu menjadi tantangan tersediri bagi kebijakan luar negeri Jokowi. Dalam konteks tersebut Peraturan Presiden 125 tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar diterbitkan. Melalui metode deskripstif kualitatif dengan teknik analisa data, penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan Perpres tersebut diterbitkan karena sedikitnya dua faktor, yaitu: (1) sebagai pengganti sementara Konvesi PBB 1951 dan 1962 yang belum diratifikasi; (2) Menguatnya norma internasional yang berupa hak asasi manusia.

Kata Kunci: Norma Internasional, Pencari Suaka, Pengungsi, Perpres No 125 tahun 2016
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with harmonic scalpel
Authors: Ibrahim al-aubiadi Tariq , Salman Waleed abdul H. , Azeez Hasan F.
Published: January 2023

Background: The Harmonic scalpel (HS) has been proven to be an effective, efficient, and safe instrument for dissection and hemostasis in both open and laparoscopic surgical procedures. The primary use of the HS in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been for the division of the cystic artery and liver bed dissection. Advancements in the Harmonic scalpel blade tip now provide for the reliable ultrasonic division and closure of the cystic duct.Objectives: This study was planned to compare the clips and cautery (CC) method of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus LC using HS as regard to the safety and efficacy for symptomatic gallstone disease.Patients and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ 1st Surgical Unit at the Medical City, done on (120) patients within the period between1st October 2010 and 1st October 2011 who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstone disease. These patients have been classified into two groups Group A included 60 patients who underwent the (CC) method, and Group B included 60 patients done by (HS) method. The intraoperative and postoperative parameters were collected including duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, gallbladder perforation rate, postoperative pain, and complications.Results: HS provides a shorter operative duration than CC (34.85±6.2 min vs. 49.75±9.49 min, respectively, p=0.0001), with a significant less incidence of gallbladder perforation (6.6% vs. 20%; p= 0.032). There was no statistical difference in the conversion rate between both groups. The amount of postoperative drainage is significantly less in HS (37.98±17.25 vs. 49.18±22.65 ml; p = 0.003). No postoperative bile leak was encountered in HS, but it occurred in 3.3% of patients in CC. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain severity in HS at 24 hours postoperative was (3.95±0.74 vs. 4.94±1.34, p=0.0001).Conclusion: HS provides a complete hemobiliary stasis and is a safe alternative to standard clipping of cystic duct and artery. It provides a shorter operative duration, less incidence of gallbladder perforation, less operative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and less rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Molecular Classification of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients and Its Correlation with Patients’ Profile
Authors: Al-Rawaq Khudair J. , Al-Naqqash Manwar A. , Jassim Mustafa K.
Published: January 2023

Background: Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes.Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate patients’ molecular profile (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and Ki-67).Patients & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Baghdad oncology teaching hospital from December 2015 to April 2016, carried on 100 breast cancer female patients with their age range from 27 to 73 years old and with their histopathology reports and (IHC) results.Results: The highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 5th (40-49 years) and 6th (50-59 years) decades of life both groups are (32%), estrogen and progesterone values were observed (74% and 75% respectively) and 69 patients (69%) with Ki-67 ≥14.Conclusions: Most of the breast cancer patients in the current study were estrogen and progesterone (Hormonal) positive, and Luminal B-like was the most common molecular subtype (53%) due to high Ki-67 index. There was a strong correlation between estrogen and progesterone in the studied patients with highly significant P value <0.0001.
Evaluation of Ionizing Radiation Protection among Radiation Workers in X-ray departments in Erbil City
Authors: Ali Runak T. , Hameed Safa M. , Ali Qasim A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Ionizing radiations are hazardous agents in the workplace, since all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injury that is incurable. Therefore, protection against ionizing radiation exposure can play an important role in the health of workers.Objectives: is to evaluate the application of radiation protection among radiation workers at X-ray department in Erbil hospitals.Patients and methods: Six hospitals (General and Private) were visited. Samples of 110 were randomly selected among 135 radiation workers, 47 (42.3%) female and 63 (57.3%) male Data was collected through structured questionnaires. The surveyed data was coded and analyzed by using MS Excel software, and SPSS 18 for analysis. Analysis was performed by means of frequency distributions and cross tabulations.Results: The results showed that there are majority of the workers 51 (46.4%) aged between 21 - 30 years, and Diploma holders 68 (61.8%). Only 49 (44.5%) undergone primary examination while 47 (42.7%) never done periodical examination. According to international commotion of radiation protection regulation of radiation protection, it is mandatory for radiation workers to wear personal detective devices during work. But a large numbers 89 (80.9%) have not supplied with such devices. The study also revealed that the majority of workers were engaged in work beyond 40 hours per week. Calibration of the X-rays machine and radiation survey of the work place have not been regularly done. Only 30 of the sample have no awareness and knowledge about the ionizing radiation, while 95 (86.4%) have no healthy advice.Conclusion: It can be suggested that the level of workers education must be increased and short courses be implemented such as dosimetery and radiation protection performance.
Evaluation of triple hormonal content (ER, PR, and HER\2neu)of breast cancer specimens obtained from breast cancer patients using tru-cut biopsy
Authors: Jasim Mustafa H. , Zaid Akool Mohammed A.- , Al- Obaidi Safa M.
Published: January 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest type of malignancy among women worldwide and in Iraq. Tru-cut needle biopsy technique provides adequate tissue for histopathological diagnosis of suspected breast lumps and assessment of hormonal receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2neu) prior to surgical operation.Objectives: To assess estrogen, progesterone andHER2neu expression using breast cancer tissue specimens obtained by tru-cut biopsy, to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters of known prognostic significance in breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods: This prospective study was held within the Main Referral Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors/Medical City Teaching Hospital and the Iraqi National Cancer Research Center/Baghdad University from May 2012 to the end of December 2012. Sixty-two females aged 25-73 years who presented with a breast lump were involved and examined using the triple assessment technique. A triple hormonal assessment (ER, PR & Her2) of the examined biopsies obtained by tru-cut needle for patients with suspected breast cancer was performed. The results were compared with the corresponding clinical and pathological parameters.Results: Data for excisional biopsy were available for 25 cases of the total number of women presented with breast lump. All of these cases showed similar histopathological results compared to Tru-cut biopsy results. Non-significant correlation was found between expression of ER, PR and HER2neu and the age of women, family history, and the site of the lump.On the other hand, a significant relationship was displayed between HER2neu over expression and the histopathological grading and age of the breast cancer patient. Conclusion: Tru-cut needle biopsy technique should be promoted nationwide in surgical departments to provide an insight to the type of mammary carcinoma, its aggressiveness, hormone receptor content and predict response to primary therapy before mastectomy.
AT THE STEP OF A DROMEDARY: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY TO INTEGRATE CHINESE AND AFRICAN RELATIONS IN ETHIOPIA BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19
Authors: MATTIO ERIKA
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The author holds that the aim of this project is to study the Chinese presence in Ethiopia, following the path of the last salt caravans from Danakil to Tigray region in a multidisciplinary documentation. The first part of the research was carried out before Covid-19. In the immediate aftermath there was a civil war that is continuing to rage. New research is currently underway in the post Pandemic to document how Covid-19 and the civil war are changing Ethiopia. The current political situation has made the return to Ethiopia complex. There are two main objectives of the research. The first is based on the sociology of work, which allows monitoring the growth of infrastructure built by Chinese workers and the perception of risk of the Ethiopian population of Tigray in the post-pandemic period and civil war. Thanks to the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) some roads created by Chinese companies that worked in the area have been geo-referenced. The second point is to document the life of the Ethiopian and Chinese population, expanding the discourse of gender anthropology, collecting interviews in situ and online in the post-Covid-19 period. The interviews were made to the Ethiopian population of different ages, genders and social classes. The interviews were also obtained from the Chinese side, to understand the development of their work. A remote interview was conducted in November 2022 which showed the current situation and how much the Chinese presence can affect the restoration of peace between Tigray and the central government in Addis Ababa. Official estimates of the number of Chinese in Africa vary widely; on the African continent there are increasingly heterogeneous groups of Chinese migrants, in terms of: language, dialect, class, education and occupation. On the basis of this and a very general state of the art, it was decided to increase the studies of the development of the Belt Road Initiative and of what surrounds the phenomenon. The civil war started in Tigray in 2020 and still ongoing, makes the project constantly evolving. For the realization of this study, interdisciplinary investigation methods were integrated, such as: landscape archeology, work sociology, gender anthropology and ethnography. Keywords— China, Ethiopia, Work Sociology, Gender Anthropology, Belt Road Initiative
Inter-observer agreement in the diagnosis of breast atypical ductal hyperplasia: A systematic review
Authors: González Mariño Mario Arturo
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE: To review the concordance between pathologists in the diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. METHODS: Systematic review of articles registered in the PubMed database with the terms “pathologists” and “atypical ductal hyperplasia”, “atypical ductal hyperplasia” and “interobserver variability”, in Embase with “interobserver agreement in atypical ductal hyperplasia” and Lilacs with the terms in Spanish “patólogos” and “hiperplasia ductal atípica”, without the use of filters, between 03/16/2022 and 03/26/2022 searching for articles that assess inter-observer agreement in the diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia by using the kappa statistic. Review articles, conference proceedings, and commentaries were excluded. RESULTS: With the search terms, 507 publications were found. Of these, 491 were excluded from the screening by title and abstract. Of the full reading of the remaining articles, 6 were selected for qualitative analysis. The kappa values ranged from slight agreement, kappa = 0.17, to substantial agreement, 0.69 obtained from pathologists dedicated or experienced in breast pathology and who received a prior tutorial session to review the general criteria for atypia. CONCLUSIONS: This study reviews the reproducibility in the diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia. A better concordance was obtained with a previous teaching process offered to pathologists dedicated or experienced in breast pathology.
From Association to Intervention: The Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Processes and Targets (ADAPT) Ontology
Authors: Daly Timothy , Henry Vincent , Bourdenx Mathieu
Published: January 2023

Background:

Many putative causes and risk factors have been associated with outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but all attempts at disease-modifying treatment have failed to be clinically significant. Efforts to address this “association—intervention” mismatch have tended to focus on the novel design of interventions.

Objective:

Here, we instead deal with the notion of association in depth. We introduce the concept of disease-associated process (DAP) as a flexible concept that can unite different areas of study of AD from genetics to epidemiology to identify disease-modifying targets.

Methods:

We sort DAPs using three properties: specificity for AD, frequency in patients, and pathogenic intensity for dementia before using a literature review to apply these properties in three ways. Firstly, we describe and visualize known DAPs. Secondly, we exemplify qualitative specificity analysis with the DAPs of tau protein pathology and autophagy to reveal their differential implication in AD. Finally, we use DAP properties to define the terms “risk factor,” “cause,” and “biomarker.”

Results:

We show how DAPs fit into our collaborative disease ontology, the Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Processes and Targets (ADAPT) ontology. We argue that our theoretical system can serve as a democratic research forum, offering a more biologically adequate view of dementia than reductionist models.

Conclusion:

The ADAPT ontology is a tool that could help to ground debates around priority setting using objective criteria for the identifying of targets in AD. Further efforts are needed to address issues of how biomedical research into AD is prioritized and funded.
Emerging Roles of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Guo Xiaodi , Zhang Guoxin , Peng Qinyu , Huang Liqin , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Zhentao
Published: January 2023

Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs), the functional lymphatic system present in the meninges, are the key drainage route responsible for the clearance of molecules, immune cells, and cellular debris from the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph nodes. Aging and ApoE4, the two most important risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), induce mLV dysfunction, decrease cerebrospinal fluid influx and outflux, and exacerbate amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Dysfunction of mLVs results in the deposition of metabolic products, accelerates neuroinflammation, and promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Thus, mLVs represent a novel therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. This review aims to summarize the structure and function of mLVs and to discuss the potential effect of aging and ApoE4 on mLV dysfunction, as well as their roles in the pathogenesis of AD.
Microglia-Mediated Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huang Wenhao , Xia Qing , Zheng Feifei , Zhao Xue , Ge Fangliang , Xiao Jiaying , Liu Zijie , Shen Yingying , Ye Ke , Wang Dayong , Li Yanze
Published: January 2023

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is involved in the pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The NVU is a structural and functional complex that maintains microenvironmental homeostasis and metabolic balance in the central nervous system. As one of the most important components of the NVU, microglia not only induce blood-brain barrier breakdown by promoting neuroinflammation, the infiltration of peripheral white blood cells and oxidative stress but also mediate neurovascular uncoupling by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, abnormal contraction of cerebral vessels, and pericyte loss in AD. In addition, microglia-mediated dysfunction of cellular components in the NVU, such as astrocytes and pericytes, can destroy the integrity of the NVU and lead to NVU impairment. Therefore, we review the mechanisms of microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD. Furthermore, existing therapeutic advancements aimed at restoring the function of microglia and the NVU in AD are discussed. Finally, we predict the role of pericytes in microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD is the hotspot in the future.
Untangling the Role of TREM2 in Conjugation with Microglia in Neuronal Dysfunction: A Hypothesis on a Novel Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Basha SK Chand , Ramaiah Mekala Janaki , Kosagisharaf Jagannatha Rao
Published: January 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder involving heterogenous pathophysiological characteristics, which has become a challenge to therapeutics. The major pathophysiology of AD comprises amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate the significance of Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and its mutant variants in AD. TREM2 are the transmembrane receptors of microglial cells that performs a broad range of physiological cell processes. Phagocytosis of Aβ is one of the physiological roles of TREM2, which plays a pivotal role in AD progression. R47H, a mutant variant of TREM2, increases the risk of AD by impairing TREM2–Aβ binding. Inconclusive evidence regarding the TREM2 signaling cascade mechanism of Aβ phagocytosis motivates the current review to propose a new hypothesis. The review systematically assesses the cross talk between TREM2 and other AD pathological domains and the influence of TREM2 on amyloid and tau seeding. Disease associated microglia (DAM), a novel state of microglia with unique transcriptional and functional signatures reported in neurodegenerative conditions, also depend on the TREM2 pathway for its differentiation. DAM is suggested to have a neuroprotective role. We hypothesize that TREM2, along with its signaling adaptors and endogenous proteins, play a key role in ameliorating Aβ clearance. We indicate that TREM2 has the potential to ameliorate the Aβ burden, though with differential clearance ability and may act as a potential therapeutic target.
A classification framework using filter–wrapper based feature selection approach for the diagnosis of congenital heart failure
Authors: Navin K.S. , Nehemiah H. Khanna , Nancy Jane Y. , Veena Saroji H.
Published: January 2023

Premature mortality from cardiovascular disease can be reduced with early detection of heart failure by analysing the patients’ risk factors and assuring accurate diagnosis. This work proposes a clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of congenital heart failure by utilizing a data pre-processing approach for dealing missing values and a filter-wrapper based method for selecting the most relevant features. Missing values are imputed using a missForest method in four out of eight heart disease datasets collected from the Machine Learning Repository maintained by University of California, Irvine. The Fast Correlation Based Filter is used as the filter approach, while the union of the Atom Search Optimization Algorithm and the Henry Gas Solubility Optimization represent the wrapper-based algorithms, with the fitness function as the combination of accuracy, G-mean, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient measured by the Support Vector Machine. A total of four boosted classifiers namely, XGBoost, AdaBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM are trained using the selected features. The proposed work achieves an accuracy of 89%, 84%, 83%, 80% for Heart Failure Clinical Records, 81%, 80%, 83%, 82% for Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography, 90%, 82%, 93%, 80% for Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography F, 80%, 80%, 81%, 80% for Statlog Heart Disease, 80%, 85%, 83%, 86% for Cleveland Heart Disease, 82%, 85%, 85%, 82% for Hungarian Heart Disease, 80%, 81%, 79%, 82% for VA Long Beach, 97%, 89%, 98%, 97%, for Switzerland Heart Disease for four classifiers respectively. The suggested technique outperformed the other classifiers when evaluated against Random Forest, Classification and Regression Trees, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor.
Towards optimal virtual machine placement methods in cloud environments
Authors: Zuo Haichun
Published: January 2023

The rapid growth of cloud services for hosting applications in the scientific, commercial, web, and social networks has led to enormous growth in the number of large-scale data centers. By shifting the costs of data center maintenance, hardware, and software from customers to service providers using a pay-as-you-go policy, service providers and customers are benefited. On the other hand, the massive growth of data centers has been accompanied by challenges that have limited the boundaries of this technology. Thus, researchers in this field tend to focus on eliminating these limitations. Since virtualization is at the core of cloud computing, allocating Virtual Machines (VMs) to physical hosts in the Infrastructure as a Service layer (IaaS) is one of the most significant challenges. Nonetheless, the VM allocation problem is a combinatorial optimization problem that is known to be NP-Hard. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive analysis of virtual machine placement problem and outlined different approaches to solving it. This paper aims to provide insight into the challenges and issues for recent virtual machine placement strategies. The current study aims to comprehensively classify the physical resource allocation for VMs by overviewing available trends.