bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of eight screening tools to detect interactions between herbal supplements and oncology agents
Authors: Shakeel Faisal , Fang Fang , Kidwell Kelley M , Marcath Lauren A , Hertz Daniel L
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Patients with cancer are increasingly using herbal supplements, unaware that supplements can interact with oncology treatment. Herb–drug interaction management is critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. Several screening tools exist to detect drug–drug interactions, but their performance to detect herb–drug interactions is not known. This study compared the performance of eight drug–drug interaction screening tools to detect herb–drug interaction with anti-cancer agents.

Methods

The herb–drug interaction detection performance of four subscription (Micromedex, Lexicomp, PEPID, Facts & Comparisons) and free (Drugs.com, Medscape, WebMD, RxList) drug–drug interaction tools was assessed. Clinical relevance of each herb–drug interaction was determined using Natural Medicine and each drug–drug interaction tool. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Linear regression was used to compare performance between subscription and free tools.

Results

All tools had poor sensitivity (<0.20) for detecting herb–drug interaction. Lexicomp had the highest positive predictive value (0.98) and best overall performance score (0.54), while Medscape was the best performing free tool (0.52). The worst subscription tools were as good as or better than the best free tools, and as a group subscription tools outperformed free tools on all metrics. Using an average subscription tool would detect one additional herb–drug interaction for every 10 herb–drug interactions screened by a free tool.

Conclusion

Lexicomp is the best available tool for screening herb–drug interaction, and Medscape is the best free alternative; however, the sensitivity and performance for detecting herb–drug interaction was far lower than for drug–drug interactions, and overall quite poor. Further research is needed to improve herb–drug interaction screening performance.
Does equipment change impact blood contamination with irinotecan and its two major metabolites in a centralized cytotoxic pharmacy unit?
Authors: Benoist H , Breuil C , Le Neindre B , Delépée R , Saint-Lorant G
Published: February 2020

Background

Antineoplastic drugs exposure is a major problem for caregivers’ health. The aim of this study is to assess blood contamination with irinotecan and its two metabolites in a centralized pharmacy unit for cytotoxic drug preparations workers before and after protective equipment changes.

Methods

The study took place in a university hospital centralized pharmacy unit for cytotoxic drug and was performed in two parts, before (Round 1: R1) and after equipment changes (Round 2: R2). Collection of pharmacy staff blood samples was performed in UHPLC-MS/MS. Plasma and red blood cell irinotecan and its metabolites (SN38; APC) were determined with a validated analytical method detection test.

Results

A total of 15/36 (41.6%) assays were positive in R1 and 16/72 (22.2%) in R2 with a significant decrease between periods ( P =  0.035). For plasma dosages, no difference between the two periods was found ( P =  0.71); respectively 4/18 (22.2%) assays were positive in R1 and 6/36 (16.6%) in R2. For red blood cells dosages, a significant decrease between periods was found ( P =  0.01); respectively 11/18 (61%) were positive in R1 and 10/36 (27.8%) in R2.

Conclusions

These dosages make it possible to have the very first evaluation for plasma and red blood cell contamination with irinotecan and its metabolites in the context of equipment changes, both at individual and collective levels. This work would help to protect health workers from the potential risks represented by these molecules, especially by revealing a contamination of workers in order to objectify the results of exposure.
Integral equations in direct and inverse problems of elastostatics for crack detection in layered structures
Authors: Galybin AN
Published: February 2020

This study deals with both direct and inverse problems for interfacial crack identification in laminates. The main focus is given to the case of an elastic substrate coated by a film made of a different elastic material. It is assumed that delamination can be developed on the interface between these materials. It is modelled as a combined open-sliding interface crack or by a pure sliding crack (slip). Its position may not be specified. The boundary conditions on the interface assume continuity of the stress vector across the whole interface and continuity of the displacements outside the crack. In the case of the slip the normal displacements are assumed to be continuous.

The inverse boundary value considered is of the Cauchy type; it assumes that both stress and displacement vectors are known on the external boundary of the structure. In the case of the slip the problem is overdetermined on a part of the boundary, where three conditions are imposed, and undetermined on its remainder where just one condition is imposed. It is further referred to as a semi-inverse formulation. Therefore, these problems are ill-posed with the specified boundary conditions. Inverse, semi-inverse and direct problems are reduced to integral equations derived from basic properties of holomorphic functions followed by applications of Fourier transforms. Analytical solutions are found for the formulations considered and difficulties of numerical implementation are discussed in brief.
Is the QbMini a Valid Instrument for ADHD Assessment?
Authors: Hamadache Salsabil , Hoberg Kathrin , Zaplana Labarga Sara , Günther Thomas
Published: February 2020

Objective: Few neuropsychological measurement tools of attention can assess preschoolers despite adequate instruments’ potential to facilitate early diagnostic processes, which are currently demanding. This study’s objective was to evaluate the QbMini, an attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) measurement tool for preschoolers. Method: QbMini performances of 37 5-year-old ADHD patients, 55 healthy controls, and 26 children with specific language impairment (SLI) were compared using univariate analyses of variance. The test’s predictive power was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses and compared to a parental rating scale. Finally, the scales were compared by correlating their respective scores. Results: The QbMini measures ADHD symptoms and reliably differentiates between healthy children and patients, but not between children with ADHD and children with SLI. Conclusion: The QbMini can indicate presence and strength of ADHD symptoms, but fails to diagnose ADHD. It measures symptoms in a different way than parental ratings and might be stronger in distinguishing between hyperactivity and inattention.
Relationship Between Treatment Duration and Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatment for ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of 87 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Castells Xavier , Ramon Maria , Cunill Ruth , Olivé Clàudia , Serrano Domènec
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine the relationship between treatment duration and the efficacy of pharmacological treatment for reducing ADHD symptoms. Method: We conducted a systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in patients with ADHD. The last bibliographic search was performed in April 15, 2019. The effect of treatment duration on efficacy was studied using meta-regression. Results: A total of 87 studies lasting from 3 to 28 weeks were included. Pharmacological treatment improved ADHD symptom severity by −7.35 points. Treatment duration did not moderate the efficacy of pharmacological treatment. Consistent results were found for psychostimulant drugs, methylphenidate, amphetamine derivatives, atomoxetine, and α2-agonists. A negative correlation was found between baseline ADHD severity efficacy (Coefficient = −.250, p = .013). Conclusion: The efficacy of pharmacological treatment for ADHD remains stable over time. A greater efficacy in more severe patients is suggested.
Perinatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Autopsy Case Series
Authors: Agarwal Indu , Ernst Linda M
Published: February 2020

Perinatal pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a condition characterized by blood loss via the respiratory tract with an approximate incidence of 0.1% in all newborns. The histologic characteristics of the lung in PH are not well characterized, and we hypothesized that pulmonary maldevelopment such as pulmonary hypoplasia may contribute to PH. In addition, we sought to find any correlations with placental pathology. Retrospective study of fetal and neonatal autopsies with diagnosis of PH was performed between the years from 2009 to 2015. Autopsy reports, placental pathology reports, and hematoxylin and eosin sections of the lung were reviewed. Of the 17 cases which were identified meeting inclusion criteria, PH ranged from mild (<5% in each lung) to severe (>75% in both lungs). PH involved >50% of both lungs in 6 cases. Pulmonary hypoplasia was designated in 7 of 17 (41.17%) cases with PH. Pulmonary hypoplasia and/or persistence of intra-acinar arterioles was seen in 13 of 17 (76.4%) cases. No specific placental pathology was seen universally in the cases of PH, but either maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion was noted in 14 of 17 (82%) cases. Our data suggest a high prevalence of pulmonary maldevelopment, such as pulmonary hypoplasia and persistence of intra-acinar arterioles, in cases with PH. Although no specific placental pathology is seen in PH, maternal and fetal vascular pathology is common.
Pneumatic hammer instability in the aerostatic journal bearing–rotor system: A theoretical and experimental analyses
Authors: Dal Abdurrahim , Karaçay Tuncay
Published: February 2020

In this study, the pneumatic hammer instability phenomena in the aerostatic journal bearing–rotor system is analysed and discussed for different feeding hole configurations theoretically and experimentally. The influences of the configuration of the feeding holes on the nonlinear dynamics of the system are also investigated. The air flow between the surfaces is modelled with Reynold’s equation and it is numerically solved with differential transform and finite difference hybrid method. Three different aerostatic bearings are modelled and simulated to investigate the ınfluences of the configuration of the holes for different angular speeds. An experimental test rig is designed and tested for different rotor speeds to validate the obtained numerical results. The dynamic response of the system is analysed using waterfall plots, bifurcation diagrams, orbit plots, phase portrait and Poincaré map, which are drawn to determine the pneumatic hammer instability region of the modelled system. The results reveal a nonlinear dynamic response of the rotor centre. In addition, the analysis shows that the feeding hole configuration affects the rotor dynamics and the pneumatic hammer instability region.
Atypical myelitis in patients with multiple sclerosis: Characterization and comparison with typical multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Bigaut K , Lambert C , Kremer L , Lebrun C , Cohen M , Ciron J , Bourre B , Créange A , Kerschen P , Montcuquet A , Carra-Dalliere C , Ayrignac X , Labauge P , de Seze J , Collongues N
Published: February 2020

Background:

Atypical myelitis in multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by extensive myelitis in the longitudinal (longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis) or axial plane (transverse myelitis).

Objective:

To characterize a cohort of MS patients with atypical myelitis.

Methods:

Atypical myelitis was extracted from the French and Luxembourg MS databases and compared to two cohorts of MS patients with typical myelitis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) patients with myelitis.

Results:

We enrolled 28 MS patients with atypical myelitis, 68 MS patients with typical myelitis and 119 NMOSD patients with a first episode of myelitis. MS patients with atypical myelitis were characterized by a mean age of 34.0 (±10.7) years and 64.3% were women. In 82.1% of the patients, atypical myelitis was the first episode of MS. Mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at nadir and 3–6 months after onset were 4.1 ± 2.1 and 3.3 ± 2, respectively. Differences between groups revealed a predominance of cervicothoracic myelitis and a higher level of disability in NMOSD patients. Disability in MS patients with atypical myelitis was more severe than in the MS patients with typical myelitis; 28% had already converted to progressive MS within our mean follow-up of 39.6 (±30.4) months.

Conclusion:

Atypical myelitis may be the first presentation of MS and is associated with poorer prognosis.
Theoretical and experimental behaviour of a hybrid semi-rigid glulam beam-to-column connection with top and seat angles
Authors: Tao Haotian , Mao Min , Yang Huifeng , Liu Weiqing
Published: February 2020

This article proposes to use the bolted top and seat angles to provide excellent moment resistance and high energy dissipation capacity for glulam beam-to-column connection. Angles are anchored on the glulam beam using the glued-in steel plate technology and connected to the column by anchorage bolts. A theoretical model is presented in this article to evaluate the moment-resistant properties of the connection based on the component method. To validate the accuracy of the theoretical model, several hybrid connections are tested under monotonic and reversed cyclic load. The test results showed that the proposed hybrid connection has a high rotational stiffness and excellent moment resistance. The theoretical results are also consistent with those of the experimental model.
The discussion of abortion in US political debates: A study in occasioned semantics
Authors: Bilmes Jack
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the discussion of abortion in a number of US presidential and vice-presidential debates, from a scaling perspective. The interest in scales, as (co)constructed and negotiated by participants in the course of interaction, is a component of occasioned semantics. I found that, in the political debates that I examined, there are a number of different scales anchored by the contrast between ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ positions. These are as follows: (1) Stage of pregnancy, (2) Prescribed action, (3) Special circumstances, (4) Locus of enforcement and (5) Frequency. These scales are manipulated in various ways by the candidates to make their own stances seem reasonable and moral and their opponents’ unreasonable and immoral. A position may be made to appear more moderate by adding a more extreme alternative to the scale, which is then rejected (‘negative upgrading’). Also, common goals (in particular, reduction of abortion frequency) may be emphasized. The debaters also use ‘negative downgrading’ – rejection of a more moderate position – to suggest an opponent’s unreasonableness. It is noted that the availability of several scales affords various ways of formulating the reasonableness or unreasonableness of a particular position. The article continues with a close examination of an extended debate sequence, illustrating the crucial role of implicature in the manipulation of scales, the attribution of attitude, and the practice of argumentation, and the possibility of dealing with implicature within a conversation analytic framework. The discussion is, at all points, grounded in and illustrated by the actual talk of the political candidates. It is suggested that viewing specific occasions of interaction in terms of the creation and negotiation of scales can yield a unique and revealing perspective on what is taking place.
Public spaces and inner worlds: Emplaced askesis and architectures of the soul among Tatarstani Muslims
Authors: Benussi Matteo (Teo)
Published: February 2020

The emergence of Islamic piety movements in post-Soviet Tatarstan has set afoot two parallel processes: (1) religion has progressively left the narrow sphere to which it was relegated during the Soviet era – old age, the private domain and ethnically connoted rural contexts – through a series of steps including the early appearance of makeshift shops catering to a Muslim clientele, the boom of self-cultivation techniques among the region’s youthful Muslim middle class, the subsequent development of a full-blown halal industry and the appearance of a whole range of new places for pietists. The deprivatisation of Islam has thus changed the urban fabric of Tatarstan, making Islamic piety visible in cities and towns. Concomitantly, (2) the ‘inner world’ – the soul ( nafs), self or subjectivity – of Muslims has taken centre stage as one of the most (if not the most) central sites of religious life, the main interface for encountering the divine and a ‘space’ that needs constant maintenance through discipline and ascetical practice ( askesis) framed in terms of care of one’s soul. Thus, the appearance of new ‘outside’ spaces (halal places) appears to correspond to the configuration of new ‘inside’ spaces (the subjectivity of religionists). This paper aims to explore this correspondence and to investigate its anthropological implications.
Visualizing lived experience: mapping the soundscape of an after-school Minecraft club
Authors: Bailey Chris
Published: February 2020

This article demonstrates the power of employing alternative, interpretative analysis techniques in ethnographic work. The author argues for the role of sensory interpretation as a valid and necessary method of analytical enquiry, particularly to challenge existing dominant, primarily written discourses that often strive for unrealistic empirical objectivity. In order to make this argument, he demonstrates a combined sonic/visual, interpretative approach to analysis, developed to explore the lived experience of a group of children in an after-school club that took place in and around the world-building videogame Minecraft. Here, inspired by research which takes artistic and exploratory approaches towards knowing, the author employs interpretative drawing as an analytical move. Underpinned by the work of Deleuze and Guattari (see A Thousand Plateaus, 1987: 12), the author produces a visual ‘map’ of soundscape data as a means of exploring potentially side-lined aspects of lived experience, through a process of resemiotization. Developing this sonic/visual approach in context – a process that had an impact on both the analyst and the analysis – helped to shed new light on the site under investigation. As such, this article builds on other analyses of sound in children’s social and educational experience by proposing that interpretative, visual responses to soundscape data can add value to otherwise purely written, or purely sonic, accounts.
Feminist action research in response to food insecurity among college students
Authors: Sampson NR , Price CE , Reppond HA , DeRoche M , Thomas-Brown K
Published: February 2020

Feminist action research can instigate community, organizational, and policy changes to address social issues. We describe how we considered inclusion, participation, action, social change, and researcher reflexivity, as well as researcher positionality, in design and implementation of the 2016 Michigan College Campuses Food Pantry Summit. Specifically, in this case study, we describe ways we used these principles to plan this event around concept mapping, an interactive, collaborative research approach. Our event led to the formation of a regional community of practitioners, enabled an exchange of institutional best practices among campus pantries, and informed federal policy on food access for college students.
Prohibitin 1 in liver injury and cancer
Authors: Barbier-Torres Lucía , Lu Shelly C
Published: February 2020

Prohibitin 1 is an evolutionary conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that exerts different biological functions depending on its subcellular localization. The role of prohibitin 1 in liver cancer is controversial as it can be pro- or anti-tumorigenic. However, most of the studies to date have described prohibitin 1 primarily as a tumor suppressor in the liver. Its deficiency sensitizes the liver to cholestatic liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory insults, and cancer. Liver-specific Phb1-knockout mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma, Phb1 heterozygotes are more susceptible to develop cholangiocarcinoma, and the majority of human hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas have reduced prohibitin 1 expression. Consistent with a tumor suppressive role in the liver, prohibitin 1 negatively regulates proliferation in hepatocytes and human hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways are activated when prohibitin 1 is deficient. Although best known as a mitochondrial chaperone, prohibitin 1 can protect the liver by mitochondrial-independent mechanisms. This review summarizes what’s known about prohibitin 1’s role in liver pathology, with the focus on hepatoprotection and carcinogenesis.

Impact statement

This review summarizes the last decades of research on PHB1 in liver pathobiology. PHB1 is a key player for liver health as it is hepatoprotective and tumor suppressive. We highlight the importance of PHB1’s subcellular localization, post-translational modifications, and interacting proteins as major determinants of PHB1 cytoprotective function and anti-tumor activity in the liver.
Efficacy of Peer-Network Interventions for High School Students with Severe Disabilities and Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Herbert Morgan E. , Brock Matthew E. , Barczak Mary A. , Anderson Eric J.
Published: February 2020

Peer networks are a promising intervention for increasing social interactions between students with severe disabilities and their peers. However, this approach has not been well studied with high school students who have complex communication needs and use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). In this study, we used a multiple probe across participants design to evaluate the effectiveness of a lunchtime peer-network intervention for three high school students with autism and/or multiple disabilities who had complex communication needs. The intervention involved recruiting peers, sharing practical background information and modeling how to communicate with the student, and then providing support as needed. A functional relation was established between the introduction of the peer-network intervention and both social interactions and social engagement. Interactions increased substantially across communication modalities. This study builds on the peer-network literature by demonstrating how this approach can be tailored for high school students with complex communication needs.
Private vehicle-based crowdshipping for intercity express transportation: Feasibility assessment
Authors: Dai Quan , Jia Hongfei , Liu Yao
Published: February 2020

To support urban sustainable development, cities need innovative green logistics solutions to meet the needs of economic development. Crowdshipping is regarded as a promising sustainable freight solution. This article aims to assess the feasibility of implementing intercity express crowdshipping using private vehicle traveling. The crowdshipping carrier, who drives his or her private vehicle and travels on the intercity route, carries out the express delivery task between the regional cargo center and the dispatch center along the route. The feasibility assessment covers three parts. First, face-to-face interview and stated preference survey are used to investigate the willingness and preferences of express companies and car owners to participate in crowdshipping activities, respectively. Then, it calculates the environmental benefit and economic benefit brought by the crowdshipping mode in comparison with the traditional mode. The results show that the express companies are willing to pay 30 yuan for each car participating in the crowdshipping activities, and there are considerable numbers of car owners to support this crowdshipping activity, and this crowdshipping activity could bring positive impacts on environment as well as corporate economics. It is hoped that the research could enrich the knowledge of the development of green logistics.
Discrepancies between current and ideal endovascular stroke treatment practice in Europe and North America: Results from UNMASK EVT, a multidisciplinary survey
Authors: Ospel Johanna M , Kashani Nima , Turjman Francis , Fischer Urs , Baxter Blaise , Rabinstein Alejandro , Coutts Sheilagh , Menon Bijoy K , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Hill Michael D , Saposnik Gustavo , Goyal Mayank
Published: February 2020

Background

Since 2015, endovascular therapy has been established as a standard of care for acute stroke. This has caused major challenges regarding the organization of systems of care, which have to meet the increasing demand for thrombectomies. This study aims to evaluate how endovascular therapy decisions made by European and North American physicians under their current local resources differ from those made under assumed ideal conditions.

Methods

In an international, multidisciplinary survey, physicians involved in acute stroke care were asked to give their treatment decisions to 10 out of 22 randomly assigned stroke case-scenarios. Participants stated (a) their treatment approach under assumed ideal conditions (without any external limitations) and (b) the treatment they would pursue under their current local resources. Resources gaps (ideal minus current endovascular therapy rates) were calculated for different countries/states/provinces and correlated to economic and healthcare key metrics (gross domestic product-per-capita, public or private health insurance coverage, etc.).

Results

A total of 607 physicians, among them 218 from North America and 136 from 25 European countries, responded to the survey. Resources gaps in the majority of North American states/provinces and European countries were small (<5%). The highest gaps were observed among few European countries, namely Poland (30%) and the United Kingdom (33%). The magnitude of the resources gap did not correlate to national economic or healthcare metrics.

Discussion and conclusion

In the majority of North American states/provinces and European countries covered in this study, the discrepancy between endovascular therapy decisions under current local resources and assumed ideal conditions seems to be small, even in countries with a limited economic status and healthcare infrastructure.
The influence of the closing phase angle of AC filter on the action of arrester in ±800 kV Nuozhadu DC transmission project
Authors: Luo Xin , Huang Xuemin , Liu Chuntao , Tan Huaan
Published: February 2020

The power system is affected by different levels of transient shock caused by different switching angle when AC filter switching on. The shock causes frequent action and aging of lightning arrester. In this article, the causes of frequent action of lightning arrester in Nuozhadu DC project are analyzed by means of power systems computer aided design simulation. The overvoltage, current, and energy of AC filter switching on are also analyzed. The critical angle of the arrester action of AC filters is discussed. The results show that AC filter switching on can affect this group and other groups. When the closing phase angle reaches 12°, the arrester in this group lightnings. When the closing phase angle reaches 18, the arresters in other groups lightning. Finally, the influence of the three phases and the impact which varies with power are also discussed.
The association between vascular access type and depressive symptoms in geriatric hemodialysis population
Authors: Keser Betul Nur , Kirman Ulku Nur , Kocaaslan Cemal , Aydin Ebuzer
Published: February 2020

Objectives

A well-functioning vascular access is crucial for hemodialysis treatment, and arteriovenous fistula is the recommended vascular access type. Arteriovenous fistula is superior to other vascular access types in many aspects, but the effect of arteriovenous fistula on patients’ psychiatric state is not well described yet. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an association between vascular access type and depression scores.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at two hemodialysis centers. Geriatric Depression Scale-15 was administered to geriatric hemodialysis patients, using ≥5 score as the cut-off value for the presence of depressive symptoms. Descriptive tests, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman’s rank correlation calculation, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed accordingly to analyze the data.

Results

Of 75 participants, 34 (45.3%) were female and the mean age was 73.4 ± 5.9 years (range: 65–92). The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the geriatric hemodialysis population was 53.3%. Central venous catheter, hypertension, and increased time on hemodialysis have been found to be risk factors for higher depression scores (aOR 10.505 (95% CI 1.435–76.900), p = 0.021; aOR 9.783 (95% CI 2.508–38.169), p = 0.001; aOR 1.019 (95% CI 1.003–1.035), p = 0.017, respectively). Among patients with arteriovenous fistula, those with hypertension had higher depression scores ( p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Geriatric hemodialysis patients were found to have depressive symptoms commonly, and central venous catheter, hypertension, and increased time on hemodialysis have been found to be risk factors for presence of depressive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting that arteriovenous fistula is associated with lower depression scores and lower prevalence of depressive symptoms.
The activation of contextually predictable words in syntactically illegal positions
Authors: Cutter Michael G , Martin Andrea E , Sturt Patrick
Published: February 2020

We present an eye-tracking study testing a hypothesis emerging from several theories of prediction during language processing, whereby predictable words should be skipped more than unpredictable words even in syntactically illegal positions. Participants read sentences in which a target word became predictable by a certain point (e.g., “bone” is 92% predictable given, “The dog buried his. . .”), with the next word actually being an intensifier (e.g., “really”), which a noun cannot follow. The target noun remained predictable to appear later in the sentence. We used the boundary paradigm to present the predictable noun or an alternative unpredictable noun (e.g., “food”) directly after the intensifier, until participants moved beyond the intensifier, at which point the noun changed to a syntactically legal word. Participants also read sentences in which predictable or unpredictable nouns appeared in syntactically legal positions. A Bayesian linear-mixed model suggested a 5.7% predictability effect on skipping of nouns in syntactically legal positions, and a 3.1% predictability effect on skipping of nouns in illegal positions. We discuss our findings in relation to theories of lexical prediction during reading.
Guessing right: Preconscious processing in inattentional blindness
Authors: Kreitz Carina , Pugnaghi Giulia , Memmert Daniel
Published: February 2020

Much research has been conducted on the determinants of inattentional blindness—the failure to miss an unexpected but salient stimulus in plain view. Far less research has been concerned with the fate of those objects that go unnoticed in such a setting. The available evidence suggests that objects that are not consciously noticed due to inattentional blindness are still processed to a certain degree. The present study substantiated and generalised this limited evidence by reanalysing 16 datasets in regard to participants’ guessing accuracy in multiple-choice questions concerning the unexpected object: Participants who did not notice the critical object showed guessing accuracy that lay significantly above chance. Thus, stimuli that are not consciously noticed (i.e., cannot be reported) can nevertheless exert an influence on seemingly random choices. Modality of the primary task as well as performance in the primary task and in a divided-attention trial were evaluated as potential moderators. Methodological limitations such as the design and implementation of the multiple-choice questions and the generalisability of our findings are discussed, and promises of the present approach for future studies are presented.
Cost of hospitalization for stroke in a low–middle-income country: Findings from a public tertiary hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Omar Abdelsimar Tan , Sarmiento Robert Joseph Cruz , Enriquez Clare Angeli Guinto , Castillo Lennie Lynn Chua-De , Ho Beverly Lorraine , Khu Kathleen Joy Ong Lopez , Pascual V Jose Leonard Rivera
Published: February 2020

Background

Determining the cost of hospitalization for acute stroke is important in the appropriate allocation of resources for public health facilities and in the cost effectiveness analysis of interventions. Despite being the second leading cause of mortality in the Philippines, there are no published data on the cost of stroke in the country.

Aim

The study aims to determine the in-hospitalization cost for stroke (IHCS) in a tertiary public hospital in the Philippines and identify the factors influencing IHCS.

Methods

The study was a retrospective review of the medical and billing records of the hospital. Adult patients admitted for acute stroke between 1 June 2017 and 31 May 2018 were included in the analysis. After the mean cost of stroke was determined, multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine demographic and clinical characteristics that were predictive of stroke cost.

Results

A total of 863 patient records were analyzed. The median in-hospitalization cost for stroke was PHP 17,141.50 or US$329.52. Independent determinants of higher cost include male sex (p = 0.021), stroke type (hemorrhagic stroke, p = 0.001; subarachnoid hemorrhage, p < 0.001), lower GCS on admission (p = 0.023), surgical intervention (p < 0.001), intravenous thrombolysis (p < 0.001), infection (p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

The study provided current data on the in-hospitalization cost of acute stroke in a public tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Male sex, stroke type, lower GCS on admission, surgical intervention, intravenous thrombolysis, infection, length of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation were independent predictors of cost.
Using passing network measures to determine the performance difference between foreign and domestic outfielder players in Chinese Football Super League
Authors: Yu Qian , Gai Yang , Gong Bingnan , Gómez Miguel-Ángel , Cui Yixiong
Published: February 2020

The study was aimed to identify the passing performances related to social network between domestic (Chinese) and foreign (non-Chinese) players that contributed to the offensive play according to playing positions in Chinese Football Super League. Data were collected from all 16 teams, with 63,446 passes from 8885 player observations of 346 unique players (258 domestic and 88 foreign) being filtered. Nine network metrics were adopted to assess the passing performance between two player groups. The results revealed that foreign players, especially midfielders and forwards, had increased values than domestic counterparts in passes in, indegree, stress, partner and betweenness centrality (standardised Cohen’s d range: 0.18–0.62; inference: possibly to most likely). Moreover, foreign midfielders also demonstrated higher values in passes out, outdegree and closeness centrality (0.30–0.56; likely to most likely). The analysis of passing performance allows for a better understanding of team’s attacking properties and highlights the prominent role foreign players act within the build of attack. It is possible that recruiting high-level overseas players contribute to Chinese teams’ goal scoring performance, but coaching staffs and team managers should take cautions in terms of the degree of reliance on them, as the development of domestic midfielders and forwards would be compromised.
Barreras y facilitadores para una alimentación saludable y actividad física en mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Orozco Emanuel , Pacheco Selene , Arredondo Armando , Torres Christian , Resendiz Oscar
Published: February 2020

Objetivo:

identificar barreras y facilitadores sobre dieta saludable y actividad física en mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad que viven en entornos de vulnerabilidad social y económica, destacando determinantes socioeconómicos y culturales.

Metodología:

estudio cualitativo longitudinal, donde las entrevistadas corresponden a mujeres embarazadas seleccionadas de una cohorte prospectiva en México. Se aplicó una guía semiestructurada de entrevista que exploró barreras y facilitadores para llevar una dieta saludable y poder realizar actividad física. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y codificaron en Atlas Ti, generando 23 códigos temáticos.

Resultados:

existen barreras y facilitadores contextuales y sociales que predisponen un mayor riesgo de padecer sobrepeso y obesidad durante el embarazo. Destacan conocimientos limitados sobre una dieta saludable, condiciones de vulnerabilidad social, así como un sentido de fragilidad en las mujeres que incrementa su sedentarismo.

Conclusiones:

en el diseño e implementación de intervenciones en promoción de la salud es fundamental considerar las barreras y facilitadores culturales y socioeconómicas sobre alimentación saludable y actividad física durante el embarazo, para desarrollar intervenciones de salud pública que favorezcan una mayor prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres embarazadas.
Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel Alkaloid Derivatives
Authors: Wang Li-Jiao , Cao Zhi-Xing , Guo Li
Published: February 2020

A novel alkaloid scaffold was designed through scaffold-hopping strategy based on the active pyrazines alkaloid isolated previously. A total of 25 derivatives were synthesized based on this scaffold and evaluated for their antitumor activities. Among all these tested compounds, 9f exhibited most excellent antitumor activities toward H460 cells, TMD-8 cells, and MV4-11 cells in vitro by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide assay with IC50 values of 29.8, 14.9, and 18.8 μM, respectively.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Dehydration Kinetics, Physical Properties, and Chemical Composition of Lemon Thyme
Authors: Pasławska Marta , Sala Kinga , Nawirska-Olszańska Agnieszka , Stępień Bogdan , Pląskowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2020

Lemon thyme contains several bioactive health-promoting compounds of high antioxidant capacity—such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll—which may undergo degradation during drying in incorrect processing conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the impacts of different drying techniques and parameters on the chemical and physical properties of lemon thyme. In the experiment, lemon thyme leaves are dried using two traditional hot-air methods, convective drying (temperature 70°C or 80°C, air velocity 2 m/s), and fluidized bed drying (temperature 70°C or 80°C, air velocity 5–10 m/s); as well as two innovative drying methods, microwave-assisted fluidized bed (MFB) drying (microwaves at a power of 240 or 440 W, air temperature 40°C, air velocity 5–10 m/s) and microwave-vacuum (MV) drying (microwaves at a power of 240 or 440 W, under vacuum at 4–6 kPa). The kinetics of water delivery are described using the Page Model. After drying, the nutritional composition of the material is analyzed: polyphenol (total content and polyphenols profile by ultra-performance liquid chromatography), carotenoid, and chlorophyll total content, as well as antioxidant capacity (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt [ABTS+] and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]). Color changes ( L*, a*, b*, ΔE) are also analyzed using the visible effects of lemon thyme pigment disintegration. It is found that the MV drying method is the best for lemon thyme preservation, as it has the shortest process time and the highest retention of polyphenols (78.90%-82.14%), chlorophylls (51.54%-52.68%), antioxidant capacity (47.83%-48.63% of ABTS+ and 20.85%-45.45% of FRAP), and presented the least color change ( ΔE = 25.57-28.32). For preserving carotenoids, the most protective method is MFB (retention 68.46%-70.61 %).
Effects of Birthing Room Design on Maternal and Neonate Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nilsson Christina , Wijk Helle , Höglund Lina , Sjöblom Helen , Hessman Eva , Berg Marie
Published: February 2020

Aim:

To summarize, categorize, and describe published research on how birthing room design influences maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes.

Background:

The physical healthcare environment has significant effects on health and well-being. Research indicates that birthing environments can impact women during labor and birth. However, summaries of the effects of different environments around birth are scarce.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review, searching 10 databases in 2016 and 2017 for published research from their inception dates, on how birthing room design influences maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes, using a protocol agreed a priori. The quality of selected studies was assessed, and data were extracted independently by pairs of authors and described in a narrative analysis.

Results:

In total, 3,373 records were identified and screened by title and abstract; 2,063 were excluded and the full text of 278 assessed for analysis. Another 241 were excluded, leaving 15 articles presenting qualitative and quantitative data from six different countries on four continents. The results of the analysis reveal four prominent physical themes in birthing rooms that positively influence on maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes: (1) means of distraction, comfort, and relaxation; (2) raising the birthing room temperature; (3) features of familiarity; and (4) diminishing a technocratic environment.

Conclusions:

The evidence on how birthing environments affect outcomes of labor and birth is incomplete. There is a crucial need for more research in this field.
A Scoping Review of the Impact on Children of the Built Environment Design Characteristics of Healing Spaces
Authors: Gaminiesfahani H. , Lozanovska M. , Tucker R.
Published: February 2020

Aim:

This article elucidates current understanding in pediatric healthcare building design via scoping review of research on the impacts on the health and well-being of children of the architectural and landscape characteristics of healing spaces.

Background:

Studies indicate that patients’ phenomenological experiences of the built environment characteristics of healthcare buildings can impact their healing and well-being. It follows that understanding the healing effects of landscape and architecture can inform the design of healthcare settings for increased health benefits.

Method:

This method comprises five search stages: (1) research question is formed; (2) key words, search terms, and search strategy are identified; (3) databases are searched, and papers are assessed via inclusion and exclusion criteria; (4) information of the selected articles is extracted and summarized; and (5) key findings are interpreted and reported via comparative tabulation.

Results:

One hundred seventy-three papers were found during the first search stage. After screening and evaluating for relevance and quality, 13 articles were selected for study. Analysis indicates that the built environment characteristics of pediatric healthcare environments that have healing benefits include access to nature, music, art and natural light, reduced crowding, reduced noise, and soft, cyclical, and user-controlled artificial lighting.

Conclusions:

While it is important to understand the design variables that influence pediatric healthcare, it is also necessary to contextualize them and to distinguish these variables from each other and appreciate their interaction. In other words, a more rounded understanding of these variables is required via research so that their individual and combined impacts are reflected in holistic design recommendations.
Nasolacrimal Obstruction Following the Placement of Maxillofacial Hardware
Authors: Kang J. Minjy , Kalin-Hajdu Evan , Idowu Oluwatobi O. , Vagefi M. Reza , Kersten Robert C.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

This article reviews cases of nasolacrimal obstruction (NLO) secondary to maxillofacial hardware placement.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed at a single institution from 2012 to 2017 of patients with NLO following maxillofacial reconstruction. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of California, San Francisco, adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. Patients were included if external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) confirmed previously placed maxillofacial hardware as the primary contributor to lacrimal outflow obstruction and had at least 3 months of follow-up.

Results:

Of 420 patients who underwent external DCR, 6 cases of implant-related NLO were identified. The mean age was 47.3 ± 9.6 years and 66.7% of patients were male. All patients presented with epiphora and 50% also had chronic dacryocystitis. Patients had prior maxillofacial hardware placement for paranasal sinus tumors (66.7%) or facial fractures (33.3%). In addition to external DCR, all patients had revision or removal of implants that were impeding lacrimal outflow by 2 mechanisms: (1) an orbital implant impinging the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct (NLD) and/or (2) maxillofacial screws placed into the bony NLD or nasolacrimal fossa. Five of the 6 patients (83.3%) had complete resolution of symptoms and patency of the nasolacrimal system at their last follow-up visit (range 3-30 months).

Conclusion:

NLO secondary to hardware placement, though infrequent, is underreported. Two mechanisms of hardware-induced NLO were encountered in this case series. Specific attention to nasolacrimal anatomy at the time of maxillofacial reconstruction may help minimize implant-induced NLO.