bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features of cytokeratin 5‐positive pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Terada K , Yoshizawa A , Sumiyoshi S , Rokutan‐Kurata M , Nakajima N , Hamaji M , Sonobe M , Menju T , Date H , Haga H
Published: October 2022

Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is a marker for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma; however, CK5 is sometimes present in pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC), and there is insufficient information regarding the clinicopathological features of CK5‐positive ADC. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of CK5‐positive ADC using immunohistochemistry. We prepared the following two cohorts: a resected cohort containing 220 resected tumours for primarily studying the detailed morphological characteristics, and a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort containing 337 samples for investigating the associations of CK5 expression with other protein expressions, genetic and prognostic findings. CK5‐positive ADC was defined to have ≥ 10% tumour cells and presence of CK5‐positive tumour cells in the resected and TMA cohorts, respectively. CK5‐positive ADCs were identified in 91 (16.3%) patients in the combined cohort. CK5‐positive ADCs had male predominance (P = 0.012), smoking history (P = 0.001), higher stage (P < 0.001), histological high‐grade components (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), mucinous differentiation (P < 0.001), spread through airspaces (P < 0.001), EGFR wild‐type (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P < 0.001), ALK rearrangement (P < 0.001) and ROS1 rearrangement (P = 0.002). In the resected cohort, more than half the CK5‐positive ADCs (19 cases, 65.5%) showed mucinous differentiation; the remaining cases harboured high‐grade components. In the TMA cohort, CK5‐positive ADCs correlated with TTF‐1 negativity (P = 0.002) and MUC5B, MUC5AC and HNF4alpha positivity (P < 0.001, 0.048, < 0.001). Further, CK5‐positive ADCs had significantly lower disease‐free and overall survival rates than CK5‐negative ADCs (P < 0.001 for each). Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that CK5 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. CK5‐positive ADCs showed aggressive clinical behaviour, with high‐grade morphology and mucinous differentiation.
Wnt/β‐catenin plays a dual function in calcium hydroxide induced proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Nan , Na Jing , Li Chiyu , Yue Gan , Fan Yubo , Zheng Lisha
Published: October 2022

Aim

Calcium hydroxide is the gold standard material for pulp capping and has been widely used in clinical dentistry. Calcium hydroxide promotes proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Our study investigated the role of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in calcium hydroxide‐induced proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human DPSCs.

Methodology

Protein and gene expression was detected by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Cell viability was analysed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Wound‐healing assay was used to analyse cell migration. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected using ALP staining. Mineralization was analysed by alizarin red staining.

Results

Calcium hydroxide increased the protein expression of phosphorylated‐GSK3β/GSK3β, β‐catenin and the gene expression of LEF‐1. Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin abolished calcium hydroxide‐induced proliferation and migration of DPSCs in 24 h. However, incubation with calcium hydroxide for 7 days and 14 days reduced Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin promoted calcium hydroxide‐induced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in DPSCs.

Conclusion

Wnt/β‐catenin pathway plays a dual role in calcium hydroxide‐regulated DPSC behaviour. Incubation with calcium hydroxide promoted rapid proliferation and migration of DPSCs, while prolonged incubation negatively regulated osteogenic differentiation and mineralization.
Study of alumina ceramic parts fabricated via DLP stereolithography using powders with different sizes and morphologies
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Zhou Shixiang , Wu Jianfeng , Liu Shaoheng , Ma Sitong , Cheng Tiantian
Published: October 2022

Selecting suitable ceramic powders for the preparation of UV‐curable ceramic suspensions, which are well suited for printing processes and production of high‐performance ceramic components, is a crucial factor in the practical industrial application of digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of alumina ceramic parts fabricated via DLP stereolithography using a variety of alumina powders with varying sizes and morphologies. Experiments were conducted to examine the rheological response, recoating performance, and curing behavior of UV‐curable alumina suspensions. Additionally, the thermal decomposition behavior of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed green‐bodies, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of 3D‐printed sintered alumina components were thoroughly investigated. The best physical and mechanical performances were achieved by printing 55 vol% suspensions prepared using near‐spherical AA04 alumina powders (median diameter .4 μm). This study elucidates the effects of ceramic particle size and morphology on the entire technological process of DLP‐based ceramic stereolithography, thereby establishing the guidelines for the fabrication of high‐performance 3D‐printed ceramic objects in industrial and engineering production by selecting appropriate ceramic powders.
“We have nothing to hide”: Legitimacy narratives, researcher positionality and the ethics of accessing the Dutch deportation apparatus
Authors: Cleton Laura
Published: October 2022

This article presents a reflection on the contentious access negotiations involved in researching the Dutch deportation apparatus. Previous studies described how hostility towards researchers and the opacity within migration control regimes more generally lead to difficulties for conducting academic research. This article instead relies on a self‐reflexive account of two successful access negotiations to question what acquiring access tells us about the workings of migration control, and what consequences entering into a relationship with powerful actors has for academic knowledge production. I argue that granting access as such serves an important function for the deportation apparatus, as it helps to legitimise state power and assert their moral authority. By selectively facilitating access and enabling scrutiny by researchers, journalists and the wider public, I argue that the deportation apparatus strategically performs transparency and “voluntary accountability.”
The effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on infant development and maternal mental health in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Sperber Jessica F. , Hart Emma R. , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Watts Tyler W. , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: October 2022

We investigated how exogenous variation in exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic during the first year of life is related to infant development, maternal mental health, and perceived stress. Ninety‐three socioeconomically diverse pregnant women were recruited before the pandemic to participate in a longitudinal study. Infants ranged in age at the beginning of lockdown (0–9.5 months old), thus experiencing different durations of pandemic exposure across the first year of life. The duration of pandemic exposure was not associated with family demographic characteristics, suggesting it captured exogenous variability. We tested associations between this exogenous variation in pandemic exposure and child and family outcomes. We also examined whether mother‐reported disruptive life events were correlated with child and family outcomes. We found no association between duration of pandemic exposure in the first year of life and infant socioemotional problems, infant language development, or maternal mental health and perceived stress symptoms, at 12 or 24 months. However, we found that self‐reported exposure to pandemic‐related disruptive life events predicted greater maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress at 12 months, and greater depression and anxiety at 24 months. Socioeconomic status did not moderate these associations. These findings suggest cautious optimism for infants raised during this period.
Genomic prediction for meat and carcass traits in Nellore cattle using a Markov blanket algorithm
Authors: Lopes Fernando Brito , Baldi Fernando , Brunes Ludmilla Costa , Oliveira e Costa Marcos Fernando , da Costa Eifert Eduardo , Rosa Guilherme Jordão Magalhães , Lobo Raysildo Barbosa , Magnabosco Cláudio Ulhoa
Published: October 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the advantage of preselecting SNP markers using Markov blanket algorithm regarding the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle. This study considered 3675, 3680, 3660 and 524 records of rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BF), rump fat (RF), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), respectively, from the Nellore Brazil Breeding Program. The animals have been genotyped using low‐density SNP panel (30 k), and subsequently imputed for arrays with 777 k SNPs. Four Bayesian specifications of genomic regression models, namely Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ and Bayesian Ridge Regression methods were compared in terms of prediction accuracy using a five folds cross‐validation. Prediction accuracy for REA, BF and RF was all similar using the Bayesian Alphabet models, ranging from 0.75 to 0.95. For WBSF, the predictive ability was higher using Bayes B (0.47) than other methods (0.39 to 0.42). Although the prediction accuracies using Markov blanket of SNP markers were lower than those using all SNPs, for WBSF the relative gain was lower than 13%. With a subset of informative SNPs markers, identified using Markov blanket, probably, is possible to capture a large proportion of the genetic variance for WBSF. The development of low‐density and customized arrays using Markov blanket might be cost‐effective to perform a genomic selection for this trait, increasing the number of evaluated animals, improving the management decisions based on genomic information and applying genomic selection on a large scale.
Prevalence and predictors of clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Kazumori Kiyoyasu , Usui Tatsuya , Shinohara Masahiko
Published: October 2022

Aims/Introduction

Clinical inertia, defined as a failure of healthcare providers to initiate or intensify treatment when indicated, is one of the challenges in achieving glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials and Methods

Using a Japanese medical database compiled from Diagnostic Procedure Combination hospitals, this retrospective study investigated clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug. We analyzed predictors of clinical inertia, measured the time to treatment intensification, and monitored patients' glycemic control and renal function for 2 years. The index date was defined as the first date of hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% during the 180 (±60) days after the first oral antidiabetic drug was prescribed.

Results

Clinical inertia was identified in 35.3% of patients. The median time to treatment intensification from the index date was 75.5 days. The proportion of patients achieving hemoglobin A1c <7.0% within 2 years was 33.8% with clinical inertia, and 47.9% without clinical inertia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index score and an interval between visits of ≥6 weeks significantly increased the risk of developing clinical inertia, and hyperlipidemia and higher hemoglobin A1c at baseline significantly decreased the risk.

Conclusions

This study showed that clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug might have a lasting effect on long‐term glycemic control. Our findings will inform clinicians of the characteristics of patients associated with clinical inertia and the importance of providing appropriate treatment under clinical practice guidelines.
Evaluation of a fast‐and‐frugal clinical decision algorithm (‘pathways’) on clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 treated with anticoagulants
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Lizarraga David , Thomas Joseph , Barbee Michael , Shah Nupur , Rubeor Tyler , Dale Jordan , Reiser Jochen , Guyatt Gordon
Published: October 2022

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

Critics have charged that evidence‐based medicine (EBM) overemphasises algorithmic rules over unstructured clinical experience and intuition, but the role of structured decision support systems in improving health outcomes remains uncertain. We aim to assess if delivery of anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 according to an algorithm based on evidence‐based clinical practice guideline (CPG) improved clinical outcomes compared with administration of anticoagulant treatment given at individual practitioners' discretion.

Methods

An observational design consisting of the analysis of all acutely ill, consecutive patients (n = 1783) with confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis admitted between 10 March 2020 to 11 January 2022 to an US academic center. American Society of Haematology CPG for anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 was converted into a clinical pathway and translated into fast‐and‐frugal decision (FFT) tree (‘algorithm’). We compared delivery of anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 according to the FFT algorithm with administration of anticoagulant treatment given at individual practitioners' discretion.

Results

In an adjusted analysis, using combination of Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and propensity score based weighting [augmented inverse‐probability weighting] statistical techniques controlling for cluster data, the algorithm did not reduce death, venous thromboembolism, or major bleeding, but helped avoid longer hospital stay [number of patients needed to be treated (NNT) = 40 (95% CI: 23–143), indicating that for every 40 patients (23–143) managed on FFT algorithm, one avoided staying in hospital longer than 10 days] and averted admission to intensive‐care unit (ICU) [NNT = 19 (95% CI: 13–40)]. All model's selected covariates were well balanced. The results remained robust to sensitivity analyses used to test the stability of the findings.

Conclusions

When delivered using a structured FFT algorithm, CPG shortened the hospital stay and help avoided admission to ICU, but it did not affect other relevant outcomes.
Experience, decision‐making and information needs around parenteral nutrition among people with advanced cancer, and their carers: A scoping review
Authors: McCracken Jennifer , Wheelwright Sally , Hon YiWen , Shaw Clare
Published: October 2022

Background

The present study aims to summarise current knowledge and identify gaps in knowledge and research regarding experience, decision‐making and information needs around parenteral nutrition, among people with advanced cancer, and their carers.

Methods

This review was informed by previous methods and guidance on conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A literature search was conducted in March 2021 using Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Google and Web of Science to identify studies that examined the experience, decision‐making process and information needs of adults with advanced cancer, and their carers, who were making decisions around commencing and discontinuing parenteral nutrition. There were no date limitations, although only papers published in English were included.

Results

Of the 588 papers identified, 12 papers, all qualitative, met the eligibility criteria. Despite the reported negative aspects of home parenteral nutrition, patients and carers felt the benefits outweighed these. There was variability in whether patients and carers felt involved in decisions around commencing parenteral nutrition. No studies specifically addressed information needs.

Conclusions

Research is required to explore the information that patients with advanced cancer, and their carers, need to facilitate their decision‐making around commencing and discontinuing parenteral nutrition. We recommend the development of processes for obtaining written informed consent from patients commencing parenteral nutrition to ensure that core topics are discussed on initiation, enabling patients and carers to make informed decisions. Additionally, we recommend development of a national framework to inform patients and carers of the whole discharge process on PN from decision‐making to discontinuing PN.
COVID‐19 infection: Positive mental health, psychological vulnerability and sex: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Almeida Cláudia Patrícia Pires , Novo André Filipe Morais Pinto , Lluch Canut Maria Teresa , Ferré‐Grau Carme , Sequeira Carlos Alberto da Cruz
Published: October 2022

Since mid‐March 2020, a state of emergency was decreed in Portugal due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and, consequently, measures were implemented to protect public health, such as social isolation, which will certainly have a notable impact on the mental health of the population, especially in the most vulnerable groups. Positive Mental Health (PMH) is essential to deal with adversity, in this case with the pandemic, and to live better and with greater satisfaction. We consider it relevant to investigate how PMH was used as a resource to deal with the pandemic, depending on the level of vulnerability and sex. A, cross‐sectional study was carried out whose the aim was to evaluate the levels of PMH and psychological vulnerability in people with COVOD‐19 infection and analyze the association between PMH and psychological vulnerability among men and women.

Methods

The instruments used were a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), that were sent and filled out online. A quantitative, cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was carried out.

Results

After analyzing the results, it was found that approximately 50.4% of the respondents (n = 387) had global PMH values that place them in quartile 50. There was also a statistically significant difference between female and male PMH, with women showing greater psychological vulnerability and lower overall PMH.

Conclusions

We conclude that the women present a greater psychological vulnerability and a lower level of PMH when compared to men.

Relevance to clinical practice

Considering the study's statistically significant results, when we talk about mental health, we should always consider the sex variable as a vulnerability factor, in a pandemic or non‐pandemic phase.
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition as a novel mechanism for generating myofibroblasts during wound healing and scarring
Authors: Guo Ling , Mi Jun‐wei , Zhang Hua‐cai , Gao Jie , Zhang Shu , Li Luo‐xi , Wu Meng‐yu , Wang Jian‐min , Huang Hong
Published: October 2022

Background

The endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism in tissue regeneration and the development of organ fibrosis. Whether EndMT occurs in wound healing and scarring remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

The isolated cells from the normal dermal tissue and the wound tissue of mouse with full‐thickness skin wound, and human scar tissue sections were performed with CD31/factorVII and α‐SMA immunohistochemical staining and H and E staining. The ratio of factor VII or CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in factor VII‐positive cells was assessed in the isolated cells and in scar tissues.

Results

In this study, we found that approximately 27–60% of ECs coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA in the isolated cells from the wound tissues of mice, which was significantly higher than that of normal dermal tissue cells. Accordingly, the number of CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in mouse wound tissue sections was also significantly more than that in normal dermal tissue sections. In scar tissues, in addition to high‐density microvessels, a large number of proliferative ECs in scar strama and CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells were also found. Approximately 46.82 to 84.11% of ECs and 68.77 to 95.25% of myofibroblasts coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA, and these two values in hypertrophic scars were significantly higher than those in keloids.

Conclusion

These results confirmed that ECs might contribute to the emergence of myofibroblasts in the wound and scar tissue via the process of EndMT.
Instruments for assessing healthcare professionals' knowledge and skills of evidence‐based practice: A scoping review
Authors: Haavisto Elina , Siltanen Hannele , Tolvanen Anna , Holopainen Arja
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this scoping review was to describe the instruments used to assess the knowledge and skills of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in healthcare settings.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken. Three electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane) were searched in January 2022. The search phrases consisted of the following terms: healthcare professionals, EBP, competence and instrument and their synonyms, keywords and MeSH terms. The database search was run without any limitations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed to support reporting.

Results

Ultimately, 39 studies were included; most of them (35) were cross‐sectional studies. The studies were conducted in 17 countries. A total of 17 evidence‐based knowledge and skills instruments were identified. The Upton and Upton instrument was used in 19 studies. Twelve self‐reported instruments were used only once. The psychometric properties of the instruments varied. The reliability was typically reported with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The content of the EBP knowledge/skills instruments consists of five main categories: EBP, evaluation of current practice, preparation for the implementation of EBP, implementation of evidence and active participation in the development of EBP.

Conclusion

Almost all instruments are self‐assessment instruments. Validated knowledge tests should be further developed. The instruments emphasise the preparation for the implementation of EBP. Further research is needed to develop instruments for healthcare professionals to assess the knowledge and skills of the implementation of evidence.
Drying‐off dairy cows without antibiotic therapy and orally supplemented with lyophilized Aloe arborescens: effects on rumen activity, immunometabolic profile, and milk yield
Authors: Cattaneo Luca , Piccioli‐Cappelli Fiorenzo , Minuti Andrea , Trevisi Erminio
Published: October 2022

The drying‐off is a stressful stage of the lactation cycle of dairy cows that deeply affects cows' metabolism, inflammatory status, and immune system. The promising effects observed during the transition period resulting from supplementation with Aloe arborescens Mill. suggest its potential utility during this phase. A group of 23 Holstein dairy cows with somatic cell count (SCC) less than 200 × 103 cells/ml and without intramammary infections were enroled in the study. Cows were divided into two groups: one orally receiving 10 g/day of A. arborescens Mill. lyophilized powder (AL; 11 cows) between −7 and 7 days from dry‐off (DFD), and a control group (CTR; 12 cows). From −14 to 7 DFD and 7 and 28 days from calving, the body condition score and rectal temperature were determined, and rumen fluid, feces, milk, and blood samples were collected. Daily rumination times and milk yield were recorded. Data were analyzed through repeated measures mixed models. Compared to the CTR group, AL cows tended to show reduced production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen with acetate proportion that tended to be higher and valerate proportion that was lower. Moreover, Aloe supplementation caused a reduction in fecal dry matter. At the end of drying‐off, AL cows presented better liver function, as suggested by higher paraoxonase plasma concentrations at 7 DFD, higher glucose, and lower urea, but showed increased reactive oxygen metabolites. Aloe supplementation at dry‐off ameliorated inflammatory status after calving (lower haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin levels), and improved milk yield in the first weeks of subsequent lactation, without influencing milk composition, SCC, and incidence of intramammary infections. These results confirmed the positive effects of Aloe administration on liver function in dairy cows but indicate the need for further studies investigating the effects of Aloe on rumen fermentation profile and oxidative status.
A new equipment for continuous measurement of methane production in a batch in vitro rumen system
Authors: Braidot Matteo , Sarnataro Chiara , Romanzin Alberto , Spanghero Mauro
Published: October 2022

A new rumen batch fermentation system that allows continuous measures of total gas (GP) and methane production (MP) was tested. The fermentation system is composed of glass bottles connected to gas counters (Ritter Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KG) and an infrared gas analyser that measures the methane concentration. The system allows direct and continuous measurement of GP and MP for accurate kinetic studies. The aim of the work was to test the rumen fermentation system and compare the GP and MP kinetics obtained. Barley meal (BM), alfalfa hay (AH), corn silage (CS), and soya bean hulls (SH) were used as substrates in four consecutive fermentation runs. Cumulative volumes of GP and MP and the percentage of methane on total GP were recorded continuously until 48 h and average values at 1 h intervals were fitted with an exponential model with a lag phase reaching a good fit (R2 > 0.992). GP and MP reached the highest plateau levels for SH (1836 and 370 ml, respectively; p < 0.01) and the lowest for AH (1000 and 233 ml, respectively). The remaining substrates showed intermediate values. MP kinetics showed a discrete lag phase (from 0.09 to 1.12 h), whereas it was equal to zero for the total GP (except for SH). The methane concentration in gas flowing increased rapidly at the beginning of fermentation (from 0.35 to 0.95 h−1) and reached a plateau after approximately 8–12 h. In conclusion, the rumen fermentation system evaluated generates methane data comparable to those reported in the literature and allows simple continuous measurement of methane release throughout fermentation.
Global dissemination of influenza A virus is driven by wild bird migration through arctic and subarctic zones
Authors: Gass Jonathon D. , Dusek Robert J. , Hall Jeffrey S. , Hallgrimsson Gunnar Thor , Halldórsson Halldór Pálmar , Vignisson Solvi Runar , Ragnarsdottir Sunna Bjork , Jónsson Jón Einar , Krauss Scott , Wong Sook‐San , Wan Xiu‐Feng , Akter Sadia , Sreevatsan Srinand , Trovão Nídia S. , Nutter Felicia B. , Runstadler Jonathan A. , Hill Nichola J.
Published: October 2022

Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate endemically among many wild aquatic bird populations that seasonally migrate between wintering grounds in southern latitudes to breeding ranges along the perimeter of the circumpolar arctic. Arctic and subarctic zones are hypothesized to serve as ecologic drivers of the intercontinental movement and reassortment of IAVs due to high densities of disparate populations of long distance migratory and native bird species present during breeding seasons. Iceland is a staging ground that connects the East Atlantic and North Atlantic American flyways, providing a unique study system for characterizing viral flow between eastern and western hemispheres. Using Bayesian phylodynamic analyses, we sought to evaluate the viral connectivity of Iceland to proximal regions and how inter‐species transmission and reassortment dynamics in this region influence the geographic spread of low and highly pathogenic IAVs. Findings demonstrate that IAV movement in the arctic and subarctic reflects wild bird migration around the perimeter of the circumpolar north, favouring short‐distance flights between proximal regions rather than long distance flights over the polar interior. Iceland connects virus movement between mainland Europe and North America, consistent with the westward migration of wild birds from mainland Europe to Northeastern Canada and Greenland. Though virus diffusion rates were similar among avian taxonomic groups in Iceland, gulls play an outsized role as sinks of IAVs from other avian hosts prior to onward migration. These data identify patterns of virus movement in northern latitudes and inform future surveillance strategies related to seasonal and emergent IAVs with potential public health concern.
Comparison of Tibial Tubercle Landmark Technique and Range of Motion Technique in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xin Liu , Xingjia Mao , Shengjie Guo , Yanwei Cao , Shuaijie Li , Chuan Xiang
Published: October 2022

Objective

There is not a standard for rotational alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). For now, the most commonly methods are tibial‐tubercle ‐landmark technique (TTL) and range‐of‐motion technique (ROM). The study is aimed to compare clinical outcomes and radiographic data of patients who undergone primary TKA with TTL or ROM technique.

Methods

This single‐surgeon retrospective cohort study includes 60 patients with TTL technique and 60 with ROM technique from December 2017 to January 2019. All patients were evaluated clinically using Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS), Feller patellar score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum knee flexion and extension angle before and after surgery at both 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic data contain hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), posterior slope angle (PSA) on pre and postoperative X‐ray and rotation angle of femoral component (relative to surgical trans‐epicondylar axis) and tibial component (relative to surgical trans‐epicondylar axis, tibial posterior condylar line and Akagi’) on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Clinical outcomes and radiological data were compared between the two groups.

Results

One hundred twenty patients (120 knees) were enrolled in this study, including 38 males and 82 females, aged from 58 to 78, with an average of 65.7 years. There was no significant difference in demographics and preoperative X‐ray data between the two groups (P > 0. 05). Clinical scores of the TTL group were better than those in the ROM group at 6 and 12 months after surgery, when comparing HSS (83.57 ± 5.00 vs 75.90 ± 4.89, F = 59.004, P < 0.001; 90.53 ± 4.31 vs 82.83 ± 4.98, F = 54.509, P < 0.001), Feller patellar score (21.43 ± 2.54 vs 19.10 ± 2.52, F = 14.864, P = 0.001; 26.27 ± 1.98 vs 23.20 ± 2.31, F = 42.204, P < 0.001) and VAS (3.70 ± 0.62 vs 4.38 ± 0.92, F = 14.508, P = 0.001; 2.10 ± 0.90 vs 2.79 ± 0.80, F = 11.554, P = 0.002). But there was no significant difference in the flexion and extension angle between the two groups. In imaging evaluation, no statistical difference was found in pre‐ and postoperative HKA, mLDFA, mMPTA and PSA. Rotational angles of tibial component only did relative to Akagi’ have statistical difference in two groups (2.33 ± 4.3 vs 4.41 ± 3.2, t = 2.143, P < 0.05) (Positive value represented external rotation).

Conclusion

The results of our study showed that both methods were reliable, and TTL technique provided better clinical scores and larger external angle of tibial component, compared to ROM technique.
Long‐term drought effects on the thermal sensitivity of Amazon forest trees
Authors: Docherty Emma M. , Gloor Emanuel , Sponchiado Daniela , Gilpin Martin , Pinto Carlos A. D. , Junior Haroldo M. , Coughlin Ingrid , Ferreira Leandro , Junior João A. S. , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Meir Patrick , Galbraith David
Published: October 2022

The continued functioning of tropical forests under climate change depends on their resilience to drought and heat. However, there is little understanding of how tropical forests will respond to combinations of these stresses, and no field studies to date have explicitly evaluated whether sustained drought alters sensitivity to temperature. We measured the temperature response of net photosynthesis, foliar respiration and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of eight hyper‐dominant Amazonian tree species at the world's longest‐running tropical forest drought experiment, to investigate the effect of drought on forest thermal sensitivity. Despite a 0.6°C–2°C increase in canopy air temperatures following long‐term drought, no change in overall thermal sensitivity of net photosynthesis or respiration was observed. However, photosystem II tolerance to extreme‐heat damage (T50) was reduced from 50.0 ± 0.3°C to 48.5 ± 0.3°C under drought. Our results suggest that long‐term reductions in precipitation, as projected across much of Amazonia by climate models, are unlikely to greatly alter the response of tropical forests to rising mean temperatures but may increase the risk of leaf thermal damage during heatwaves.
Languages and language use
Authors: Keiser Jessica
Published: October 2022

Numerous difficulties arising in connection with developing an ontology for linguistic entities can be thought of as manifestations of a more general problem, aptly characterized by David Lewis (1975) as a tension between two conflicting conceptions of language. On the one hand, our best theories model languages as abstract semantic systems—roughly, functions assigning meanings to expressions. On the other hand, we think of languages as contingent and changing social constructs—both grounded in, and grounding, various social relations and institutions of human beings. There are various ways in which these conceptions appear to be in conflict. For instance, if languages are set‐theoretical entities—as our best logical and linguistic theories would have it—how do we account for the fact that they change? Or that they could have been different in various respects? And how do we provide principled and noncircular conditions for set‐membership, when there appears to be nothing in common to all tokens of the same expression other than belonging to the same type? This paper aims to develop an ontology of linguistic entities—specifically, of languages and linguistic communities—that can resolve these apparent tensions.
Managing business model innovation uncertainties in 5G technology: a future‐oriented sensemaking perspective
Authors: Moqaddamerad Sara , Tapinos Efstathios
Published: October 2022

It is well‐established that technology – and particularly the uncertainties caused by emerging disruptive technologies – has an impact on industrial dynamics, forcing organizations to reimagine their business models. The in‐depth qualitative case study of a Nordic telecom organization shows that the uncertainties created by disruptive technologies initiate a process of sensemaking and business model innovation, while the new business model becomes manifested at the final phase of the process (i.e., enactment). The newly developed business model has three dimensions reflecting value‐centric activities, internal changes, and attempts to capitalize on external opportunities. Investigating the way in which managers handle uncertainties related to 5G, this research argues that business model innovation emerges from a future‐oriented sensemaking process. The process model developed in this study entails three distinct phases disaggregated into eight underlying dimensions. The present study contributes in two ways: first, it advances our understanding about managing future uncertainties regarding business model innovation by identifying future‐oriented sensemaking as a mechanism to manage these uncertainties. Second, it sheds light on the process model underpinning future‐oriented sensemaking for business model innovation.
Utility of self‐ and parent‐reported suicidal ideation in early childhood: Prediction of suicidal ideation and psychopathology in adolescence
Authors: Silver Jamilah , Olino Thomas M. , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Dougherty Lea R. , Klein Daniel N.
Published: October 2022

Background

The rates of suicide in youth have increased dramatically, leading to increased interest in routinely screening youth for suicidality. However, data on suicidal ideation (SI) in younger children are sparse, especially with brief self‐report measures that can easily be used for screening non‐referred samples.

Methods

We evaluated a community sample of 497 6‐year‐old children and their parents and followed them into adolescence. SI was assessed via child self‐report at ages 6 and 9 using an item from the Children's Depression Inventory, and via parent‐report at age 6 using an item from the Early Childhood Inventory. Child psychopathology and functioning were assessed via semi‐structured interviews every 3 years from age 6 through 15.

Results

Child endorsement of SI at age 6 did not predict later psychopathology or functioning. Child endorsement of SI at age 9 was associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) diagnoses across the adolescent follow‐up assessments. Parent endorsement of child SI predicted an increased likelihood of later SI and non‐suicidal self‐injury, a higher rate of DBD and externalizing symptoms, and poorer global functioning in adolescence.

Conclusions

Our results support recommendations against administering SI screening measures to children under the age of 10.
Sequential effects of spent coffee grounds on soil physical properties
Authors: Cervera‐Mata Ana , Molinero‐García Alberto , Martín‐García Juan Manuel , Delgado Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Spent coffee grounds are a bio‐residue studied as soil organic amendment and it has been proven that it has short‐term effects on soil physical properties. However, its sequential effects on the cultivation of clayey soils are little studied. Therefore, an in vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of increasing doses (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) of spent coffee grounds on the physical properties of a clayey soil in the Spanish Mediterranean area which is rich in smectites. The addition of spent coffee grounds increased water retention at −33 and −1500 kPa proportionally to the added amounts, but the increase in the wilting point was much larger than the field water capacity, decreasing the plant available water content. A non‐linear influence on the aggregate size is demonstrated. It increased total porosity and consequently reduced soil bulk density. This fact was reflected in the stereomicroscopy images where an increase in the pores analysed with image analysis was observed. Furthermore, SEM images corroborate that spent coffee grounds act intensely in the short‐term due to the interaction between their particles and those of clay. The 5% dose acted as a threshold dose from which the greatest effects on soil physical properties occur. In general, the use of SCG as an organic amendment is a good sustainable solution because it supposes a reuse of this bio‐residue (15 million tons per year), an increase in soil organic carbon (SCG contains ≈ 50% carbon) and an improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties.
The genome sequence ofHirschfeldia incana, a new Brassicaceae model to improve photosynthetic light‐use efficiency
Authors: Garassino Francesco , Wijfjes Raúl Y. , Boesten René , Reyes Marquez Francisca , Becker Frank F. M. , Clapero Vittoria , van den Hatert Iris , Holmer Rens , Schranz M. Eric , Harbinson Jeremy , de Ridder Dick , Smit Sandra , Aarts Mark G. M.
Published: October 2022

Photosynthesis is a key process in sustaining plant and human life. Improving the photosynthetic capacity of agricultural crops is an attractive means to increase their yields. While the core mechanisms of photosynthesis are highly conserved in C3plants, these mechanisms are very flexible, allowing considerable diversity in photosynthetic properties. Among this diversity is the maintenance of high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency at high irradiance as identified in a small number of exceptional C3species.Hirschfeldia incana, a member of the Brassicaceae family, is such an exceptional species, and because it is easy to grow, it is an excellent model for studying the genetic and physiological basis of this trait. Here, we present a reference genome ofH. incanaand confirm its high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency. WhileH. incanahas the highest photosynthetic rates found so far in the Brassicaceae, the light‐saturated assimilation rates of closely relatedBrassica rapaandBrassica nigraare also high. TheH. incanagenome has extensively diversified from that ofB. rapaandB. nigrathrough large chromosomal rearrangements, species‐specific transposon activity, and differential retention of duplicated genes. Duplicated genes inH. incana,B. rapa, andB. nigrathat are involved in photosynthesis and/or photoprotection show a positive correlation between copy number and gene expression, providing leads into the mechanisms underlying the high photosynthetic efficiency of these species. Our work demonstrates that theH. incanagenome serves as a valuable resource for studying the evolution of high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency and enhancing photosynthetic rates in crop species.
The effects of storage time and sunlight on microplastic pollution in bottled mineral water
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Mina , Ravanbakhsh Maryam , Jamali Hamzeh Ali , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Shahsavari Saied , Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Neamat
Published: October 2022

The microplastic particles (MPs) and effects of storage time and direct sunlight on the MPs in bottled mineral waters were investigated by three experiments conditions. The mean MPs concentration was 63.9 ± 38.9 MPs/L. Pellet forms, white/yellow colour and sizes < 100 μm were predominant MPs, accounted for 35.3%, 51% and 60.2% of the total MPs, respectively. Storage of bottled water under darkness and sunlight caused an increase of 1.5% and 2.5% of MPs pollution, respectively. Also, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of MPs was 2.1, 6.4 and 9.6 MPs/kg BW.day for adults, children and infants, respectively. It is concluded that high storage time and direct sunlight may lead to a greater MPs pollution in mineral water and also high human intake through drinking bottled water. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the expiry date of the bottled mineral water and avoid sunlight contact before consumption.
The Representation of the Driving Ban in Saudi Media
Authors: Binlibdah Saud
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to analyse the impact of printed media on lifting the driving ban for women in Saudi Arabia. In this relation, the study examines the way in which media represents the driving ban and the challenges and barriers faced by women in Saudi Arabia. For the purpose of addressing the objectives of the research, a secondary qualitative method has been used. Discourse analysis has been conducted under which the newspaper reports have been analysed to examine the perception of the media about the driving ban for women. The results of the study show that women in Saudi Arabia are not treated equally to men and thus there are deprived of basic rights like driving. It can further be analysed from the research findings that for long time media has played an essential role in presenting and covering the major events in Saudi Arabia. The media of Saudi Arabia has highly lifted the event of a driving ban for women in Saudi Arabia and has helped women in raising their issues related to equality.
Research on the Emission Characteristics of a Passenger Car Powered by Ethanol, Methanol, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Under Real-World Running Conditions
Authors: Lou Diming , Qi Boyang , Zhang Yunhua , Fang Liang
Published: October 2022

Alternative fuels have gained considerable attention because of their excellent sustainable energy conservation and emission reduction characteristics. In this study, emission characteristics and fuel economy of three alternative fuels were compared for a passenger car under real-world running conditions. Specifically, the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to evaluate the emission performance of 10 vol% ethanol in gasoline (E10), 15 vol% methanol in gasoline (M15), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The results showed considerable variation in both gaseous and particulate emissions under different running conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were higher on main roads, whereas particle number (PN) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were higher on expressways. Regulated emissions from the vehicle powered by three alternative fuels were lower than those of the vehicle powered by pure gasoline (G100). That is, the PN emissions of the three alternative fuels were 1–2 orders of magnitude less than those of G100, with a concomitant reduction in PM. Moreover, the proportion of nuclear-mode particles was reduced, with a maximum difference of more than 10% on expressways. LPG resulted in the cleanest gaseous and particulate emissions. M15 produced lower HC emissions than E10 because of its higher oxygen content, but led to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions.
Effectiveness of Adventure Education on Health Outcomes Related to Physical, Psychological, and Social Development in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peng Zhou , Lau Patrick W.C.
Published: October 2022

Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of adventure education (AE) on children’s physical, psychological, and social development (children’s age range: 0–18 years old). Methods: The review was reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2015). Articles were retrieved from seven databases (EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Psychology Database) from 2000 to 2021. Methodological quality was examined according to Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: Eighteen studies were screened. AE was found to contribute to the improvement of physical development in nonhealthy children aged 9 to 16 years and nonhealthy children aged 3 to 7 years. All results showed a positive psychological impact of AE except for inconsistent results for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Moreover, AE was found to be an approach that enhanced social development among nonhealthy and healthy children aged 11–17 years and nonhealthy children aged 3–7 years. Conclusion: AE intervention produces physical, psychological, and social benefits in children. Most studies analyzed in this review focused on 9- to 18-year-old unhealthy and healthy children. Only one study involved 3- to 7-year-old unhealthy children. However, most of the studies in this field have weak methodological quality, and thus, the present evidence should be interpreted carefully. Future work with superior methodology in AE intervention would help us establish a greater degree of accuracy in this area of study. Implications: AE intervention with better study design is needed. Research also needs to be conducted to examine the effectiveness of AE on physical, psychological, and social development in healthy younger children.