bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of benzopyran derivatives with biological scaffolds
Authors: Nazeri Mohammad Taghi , Nasiriani Tahereh , Torabi Saeed , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: January 2024

The present review covers all isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the preparation of benzopyrans, which serve as the parent cores of many essential drugs, natural compounds, and biological compositions.
Iridium(iii)-catalyzed β-trifluoromethyl enone carbonyl-directed regioselective ortho-C(sp2)–H olefination
Authors: Sindhe Haritha , Kamble Akshay , Reddy Malladi Mounika , Singh Amardeep , Sharma Satyasheel
Published: January 2024

Herein, we have reported iridium(iii)-catalyzed β-trifluoromethyl enone carbonyl-directed regioselective aromatic ortho-C(sp2)–H olefination with acrylates under oxidative conditions to access diverse ortho-olefinated β-CF3 enones.
Carbon Kagome nanotubes—quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures with flat bands
Authors: Yu Husan Ming , Sharma Shivam , Agarwal Shivang , Liebman Olivia , Banerjee Amartya S.
Published: January 2024

Introducing carbon Kagome nanotubes, a new quasi-1D carbon allotrope featuring flat band physics and deformation induced electronic phase transitions.
Machine-learning assisted optimisation during heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation utilising a static mixer under continuous flow
Authors: Kohl Thomas M. , Zuo Yan , Muir Benjamin W. , Hornung Christian H. , Polyzos Anastasios , Zhu Yutong , Wang Xingdong , Alexander David L. J.
Published: January 2024

Machine-learning assisted optimisation of a continuous photodegradation reaction, using a TiO2 coated catalytic static mixer successfully accounting for catalyst degradation.
Spectrally separated dual functional fluorescent nanosensors for subcellular lysosomal detection of hypochlorous acid and chloride
Authors: Cui Yunxin , Wu Jianhong , Zhai Jingying , Wang Yifu , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: January 2024

A dual-functional fluorescent nanosensor to monitor lysosomal Cl− and HClO concentration changes is presented here for the first time.
Injectable liposome-containing click hydrogel microparticles for release of macromolecular cargos
Authors: Palmese Luisa L , LeValley Paige J. , Pradhan Lina , Parsons Amanda L. , Oakey John S. , Abraham Mathew , D’Addio Suzanne M. , Kloxin April M. , Liang Yingkai , Kiick Kristi L.
Published: January 2024

Microgels with or without chemically crosslinked liposomes (lipo-microgels) were fabricated using microfluidics and Michael-type addition reactions for encapsulation and release of macromolecular cargos.
Porous superabsorbent composites prepared from aqueous foam template and application evaluation
Authors: Liu Yan , Duan Fangzhi , Zhu Yongfeng , Wang Xicun , Zong Li , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2024

Rapid water absorption is very important for the application of a superabsorbent. In this paper, porous superabsorbent composites were prepared from an aqueous foam template and it can reach 650 g g−1 in distilled water in just 15 minutes.
Spontaneous pattern formation in monolayers of binary mixtures with competing interactions
Authors: Patsahan O. , Meyra A. , Ciach A.
Published: January 2024

A theoretical and simulation study of spontaneous pattern formation in monolayers of oppositely charged particles with solvent-induced short-range interactions and electrostatic interactions of opposite sign.
MXene–carbon based hybrid materials for supercapacitor applications
Authors: N. K. Pavithra Siddu , Jeong Sang Mun , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: January 2024

Designing hybrid materials with superior electrochemical properties has attracted tremendous interest in recent years for energy-storage applications owing to a high demand for energy sources and the depletion of fossil fuel resources.
Bile salt signaling and bile salt-based therapies in cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Groenen Claire C.J. , Nguyen Thuc-Anh , Paulusma Coen C. , van de Graaf Stan F.J.
Published: January 2024

Bile salts have an established role in the emulsification and intestinal absorption of dietary lipids, and their homeostasis is tightly controlled by various transporters and regulators in the enterohepatic circulation. Notably, emerging evidence points toward bile salts as major modulators of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), an umbrella disease of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels that is caused by systemic metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the latter encompassing also metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The underlying mechanisms of protective effects of bile salts are their hormonal properties, enabling them to exert versatile metabolic effects by activating various bile salt-responsive signaling receptors with the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) as most extensively investigated. Activation of FXR and TGR5 is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, and inflammation. Bile salt-based therapies directly targeting FXR and TGR5 signaling have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential in CMD. More recently, therapeutics targeting bile salt transporters thereby modulating bile salt localization, dynamics, and signaling, have been developed and evaluated in CMD. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of bile salt signaling in the pathogenesis of CMD and the potential of bile salt-based therapies for the treatment of CMD.
Identifying Spatial Neglect in Chronic Right Hemisphere Stroke Survivors Using the RHDBank Outcomes
Authors: Minga Jamila , Rich Timothy , Boukrina Olga , Chen Peii , Hreha Kimberly
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The chronicity of spatial neglect (SN) and the utility of existing diagnostic measures used by speech-language pathologists remain poorly understood. In this retrospective study, we examined how the RHDBank test battery informs the identification of SN after right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) during the chronic phase of recovery.

Method:

Data from 29 right hemisphere stroke survivors were extracted from the RHDBank, including SN tests, for which we performed laterality index scoring: a 51-item demographic survey, the Apples Test, the Indented Paragraph Test, and the clock drawing task from the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT). Two groups (SN+ and SN−) were identified using the Apples Test. A hierarchical cluster analysis explored CLQT performance clusters in association with SN, and group comparisons of demographic variables and test scores were conducted.

Results:

Ten patients were identified as having SN+ (34%) using the Apples Test. The Indented Paragraph Test and the CLQT's clock drawing test identified only two of the 20 stroke survivors with SN+. Cluster analyses showed that domain and task scores on the CLQT carried information to classify participants into SN+ and SN− in concordance with performance on the Apples Test. Participants in the SN+ cluster had moderately impaired attention and executive function skills and mildly impaired visuospatial skills.

Conclusions:

The Apples Test differentiated SN in a group of chronic right hemisphere stroke survivors. Using multiple measures from the CLQT seemed to capture a greater range of problems than clock drawing and paragraph reading tests alone. Therefore, the RHDBank test battery as a whole—and in part the CLQT, Apples Test, and Indented Paragraph Test—can detect certain subtypes of SN in the chronic deficit profile after RHD and is a starting point for diagnostic integration by speech-language pathologists.
Perspectives on Device-Facilitated Therapy in Management of Pediatric Dysphagia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Martens Alaina , Melkonian Angela , Shaughnessy Sophia , Zimmerman Emily
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Most infants born preterm will experience some difficulty with sucking and feeding. As clinicians in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), it is important to understand the available technologies so that they may be implemented, when appropriate and accessible, to support these infants in their sucking and feeding performance. The purpose of this review is to highlight devices that are available to assist clinicians in the management of pediatric dysphagia in the NICU. We will review the literature surrounding the use of devices in the management of pediatric dysphagia. This is followed by a clinical perspective from a NICU speech-language pathologist (SLP) who shares important considerations, recommendations, and limitations of device use.

Conclusions:

By reviewing device-facilitated therapies for the management of pediatric dysphagia and discussing their implementation and effectiveness, we hope that SLPs will gain an understanding of the available technologies and insight into their use in the NICU environment. While the research highlighted shows many benefits of the use of device-facilitated therapies in the NICU, this is an emerging area of the field that is continually evolving and more research is needed to establish the pathway to individualized, developmentally supportive, device-facilitated intervention.
Oversampling and undersampling for intrusion detection system in the supervisory control and data acquisition IEC 60870‐5‐104
Authors: Arifin M. Agus Syamsul , Stiawan Deris , Yudho Suprapto Bhakti , Susanto Susanto , Salim Tasmi , Idris Mohd Yazid , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: January 2024

Supervisory control and data acquisition systems are critical in Industry 4.0 for controlling and monitoring industrial processes. However, these systems are vulnerable to various attacks, and therefore, intelligent and robust intrusion detection systems as security tools are necessary for ensuring security. Machine learning‐based intrusion detection systems require datasets with balanced class distribution, but in practice, imbalanced class distribution is unavoidable. A dataset created by running a supervisory control and data acquisition IEC 60870‐5‐104 (IEC 104) protocol on a testbed network is presented. The dataset includes normal and attacks traffic data such as port scan, brute force, and Denial of service attacks. Various types of Denial of service attacks are generated to create a robust and specific dataset for training the intrusion detection system model. Three popular techniques for handling class imbalance, that is, random over‐sampling, random under‐sampling, and synthetic minority oversampling, are implemented to select the best dataset for the experiment. Gradient boosting, decision tree, and random forest algorithms are used as classifiers for the intrusion detection system models. Experimental results indicate that the intrusion detection system model using decision tree and random forest classifiers using random under‐sampling achieved the highest accuracy of 99.05%. The intrusion detection system model's performance is verified using various metrics such as recall, precision, F1‐Score, receiver operating characteristics curves, and area under the curve. Additionally, 10‐fold cross‐validation shows no indication of overfitting in the created intrusion detection system model.
Exploiting machine learning to tackle peculiar consumption of electricity in power grids: A step towards building green smart cities
Authors: Ali Arshid , Khan Laiq , Javaid Nadeem , Aslam Muhammad , Aldegheishem Abdulaziz , Alrajeh Nabil
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for electricity in daily life highlights the need for Smart Cities (SC) to use energy efficiently. Both technical and Non‐Technical Losses (NTL), particularly those resulting from electricity theft, present powerful obstacles; NTL alone can reach billions of dollars. Although Machine Learning (ML) based approaches for NTL detection have been embraced by numerous utilities, there is still a lack of thorough analysis of these methods. Limited research exists on NTL identification evaluation criteria and unbalanced data management in the context of SC. This research compares ML algorithms and data balancing methods to optimize electricity consumption detection. The given research applied the 15 ML techniques of Logistic regression, Bernoulli naive Bayes, Gaussian naive Bayes, K‐Nearest Neighbour, perceptron, passive‐aggressive classifier, quadratic discriminant analysis, SGD classifier, ridge classifier, linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, nearest centroid classifier, multi‐nomial naive Bayes, complement naive Bayes and dummy classifier. While SMOTE, AdaSyn, NRAS, and CCR are considered for data balancing. AUC, F1‐score, and seven relevant performance metrics were used for comparison. We have also implemented SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for feature importance and model interpretation. Results show varying classifier performance with different balancing methods, emphasizing data preprocessing's role in NTL detection for smart grid security.
A novel method for calculating harmonic contribution based on difference recurrence estimation
Authors: Hua Huichun , Gao Han , Gao Lijie , Guo Haichao
Published: January 2024

Determining the harmonic contribution of each harmonic source is conducive to improving the harmonic management of the power system. The main problem with harmonic contribution calculation is determining the equivalent system harmonic impedance. The previous harmonic impedance calculation method can only calculate the impedance value when the harmonic fluctuation is significant, and the calculation fails when the harmonic fluctuation is small. Therefore, a new method called difference recurrence estimation is proposed to construct the objective function from impedance parameters. The advantages of the proposed method are low data requirement, high estimation accuracy, and excellent tracking performance. An improved genetic algorithm (GA) is presented by integrating an adaptive crossover operator and population intervention into the standard GA to improve the global searching impedance parameter ability. Based on these parameters, harmonic impedance and harmonic contribution are calculated accurately. The superiority of the proposed model is verified through simulation and field cases.
Collisional effects in modeling solar polarized lines
Authors: Derouich M. , Qutub S.
Published: January 2024

Context. Rigorous implementation of the effects of collisions in modeling the formation of the polarized solar lines is of utmost importance in order to realistically analyze the available, highly sensitive solar spectropolarimetric observations. Indeed, even when an observation seems to fit well with theory, one can misinterpret results if important effects due to collisions are not correctly implemented in the modeling process.

Aims. We point out inconsistencies in the models adopted to implement the Paschen Back effect together with collisional effects on the solar linear polarization formed by scattering of anisotropic radiation. Because the significance of these inconsistencies increases as polarization becomes increasingly responsive to collisions, we investigate the range of hydrogen densities nH to which the polarization is sensitive.

Methods. We used the density matrix formalism in the tensorial irreducible basis, which was developed within the theory of atom-radiation interaction and of atomic collisions. We solved the statistical equilibrium equations for multi-level atoms with hyperfine structure (HFS) in order to evaluate the collisional depolarization of levels of the D1-D2 lines of the K I atom.

Results. We find that collisions play a prominent role, particularly at hydrogen densities of between 1013 and 1016 cm−3.

Conclusions. So far, analyses of polarized lines formed in the presence of solar magnetic field have incorporated, if at all, collisional rates calculated assuming zero magnetic field. This could be a good approximation in the Hanle regime but not in the Paschen Back regime. For typical quiet Sun magnetic fields, the latter regime could be reached, and level-crossing takes place in several atomic systems. Therefore, one must be careful when using collisional rates calculated in the zero-field case to interpret linear polarization formed in magnetized media.
Laboratory investigation of shock-induced dissociation of buckminsterfullerene and astrophysical insights
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Yurchenko S. N. , Georges R. , Simon A. , Lacinbala O. , Chandrasekaran V. , Jayaram V. , Dartois E. , Kassi S. , Gusdorf A. , Lesaffre P. , Jagadeesh G. , Arunan E. , Biennier L.
Published: January 2024

Fullerene C60 is one of the most iconic forms of carbon found in the interstellar medium (ISM). The interstellar chemistry of carbon-rich components, including fullerenes, is driven by a variety of energetic processes including UV and X-ray irradiation, cosmic-ray (CR) bombardment, electron impact, and shock waves. These violent events strongly alter the particle phase and lead to the release of new molecular species in the gas phase. Only a few experimental studies on the shock processing of cosmic analogs have been conducted so far. We explored in the laboratory the destruction of buckminsterfullerene C60 using a pressure-driven shock tube coupled with optical diagnostics. Our efforts were first devoted to probing in situ the shock-induced processing of C60 at high temperatures (≤ 4500 K) by optical emission spectroscopy. The analysis of the spectra points to the massive production of C2 units. A broad underlying continuum was observed as well and was attributed to the collective visible emission of carbon clusters, generated similarly in large amounts. This proposed assignment was performed with the help of calculated emission spectra of various carbon clusters. The competition between dissociation and radiative relaxation, determined by statistical analysis, alludes to a predominance of clusters with less than 40 carbon atoms. Our laboratory experiments, supported by molecular dynamics simulations performed in the canonical ensemble, suggest that C60 is very stable, and that high-energy input is required to process it under interstellar low-density conditions and to produce C2 units and an abundance of intermediate-sized carbon clusters. These results provide some insights into the life cycle of carbon in space. Our findings hint that only J-type shocks with velocities above ~100 km s−1 or C-type shocks with velocities above 9 km s−1 can lead to the destruction of fullerenes. Observational tracers of this process remain elusive, however. Our work confirms the potential of shock tubes for laboratory astrophysics.
Wide-band fluctuations of solar active regions probed with SHARP magnetograms
Authors: Dumbadze G. , Shergelashvili B. M. , Khodachenko M. L. , Poedts S.
Published: January 2024

Context. The power spectra of the fluctuation noise of the solar active region (AR) areas and magnetic fluxes sequentially observed in time contain information about their geometrical features and the related fundamental physical processes. These spectra are analysed for five different ARs with various magnetic field structures.

Aims. The goal of this work is to detect the characteristic properties of the Fourier and wavelet spectra evaluated for the time series of the fluctuating areas and radial magnetic fluxes of the active regions. Accordingly, this work gathers information on the properties of noise in the different cases considered.

Methods. The AR area and radial magnetic flux time series were built using SHARP magnetogram datasets that cover nearly the entire time of the ARs’ transits over the solar disk. Then we applied Fourier and wavelet analyses to these time series using apodization and detrendization methods for the cross-comparison of the results. These methods allow for the detection and removal of the artefact data edge effects. Finally, we used a linear least-squares fitting method for the obtained spectra on a logarithmic scale to evaluate the power-law slopes of the fluctuation spectral power versus frequency (if any).

Results. According to our results, the fluctuation spectra of the areas and radial magnetic fluxes of the considered ARs differ from each other to a certain extent, both in terms of the values of the spectral power-law exponents and their frequency bands.

Conclusions. The characteristic properties of the fluctuation spectra for the compact, dispersed, and mixed-type ARs exhibit noticeable discrepancies amongst each other. It is plausible to conclude that this difference might be related to distinct physical mechanisms responsible for the vibrations of the AR areas and/or radial magnetic fluxes.
Fitting pseudo-Sérsic (Spergel) light profiles to galaxies in interferometric data: The excellence of the uυ-plane
Authors: Tan Qing-Hua , Daddi Emanuele , de Souza Magalhães Victor , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Pety Jérôme , Kalita Boris S. , Elbaz David , Liu Zhaoxuan , Magnelli Benjamin , Puglisi Annagrazia , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Silverman John D. , Valentino Francesco , Zhang Shao-Bo
Published: January 2024

Modern (sub)millimeter interferometers, such as ALMA and NOEMA, offer high angular resolution and unprecedented sensitivity. This provides the possibility to characterize the morphology of the gas and dust in distant galaxies. To assess the capabilities of the current software in recovering morphologies and surface brightness profiles in interferometric observations, we tested the performance of the Spergel model for fitting in the uυ-plane, which has been recently implemented in the IRAM software GILDAS (uv_fit). Spergel profiles provide an alternative to the Sérsic profile, with the advantage of having an analytical Fourier transform, making them ideal for modeling visibilities in the uυ-plane. We provide an approximate conversion between the Spergel index and the Sérsic index, which depends on the ratio of the galaxy size to the angular resolution of the data. We show through extensive simulations that Spergel modeling in the uυ-plane is a more reliable method for parameter estimation than modeling in the image plane, as it returns parameters that are less affected by systematic biases and results in a higher effective signal-to-noise ratio. The better performance in the uυ-plane is likely driven by the difficulty of accounting for a correlated signal in interferometric images. Even in the uυ-plane, the integrated source flux needs to be at least 50 times larger than the noise per beam to enable a reasonably good measurement of a Spergel index. We characterized the performance of Spergel model fitting in detail by showing that parameter biases are generally low (<10%) and that uncertainties returned by uv_fit are reliable within a factor of two. Finally, we showcase the power of Spergel fitting by reexamining two claims of extended halos around galaxies from the literature, showing that galaxies and halos can be successfully fitted simultaneously with a single Spergel model.
Infall of material onto the filaments in Barnard 5
Authors: Choudhury Spandan , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Chen Michael Chun-Yuan , Offner Stella S. R. , Valdivia-Mena Maria Teresa
Published: January 2024

Aims. We aim to study the structure and kinematics of the two filaments inside the subsonic core Barnard 5 in Perseus using high-resolution (≈2400 au) NH3 data and a multi-component fit analysis.

Methods. We used observations of NH3(1,1) and (2,2) inversion transitions using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We smoothed the data to a beam of 8" to reliably fit multiple velocity components towards the two filamentary structures identified in B5.

Results. Along with the core and cloud components, which dominate the flux in the line of sight, we detected two components towards the two filaments showing signs of infall. We also detected two additional components that can possibly trace new material falling into the subsonic core of B5.

Conclusions. Following a comparison with previous simulations of filament formation scenarios in planar geometry, we conclude that either the formation of the B5 filaments is likely to be rather cylindrically symmetrical or the filaments are magnetically supported. We also estimate infall rates of 1.6 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 and 1.8 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 (upper limits) for the material being accreted onto the two filaments. At these rates, the filament masses can change significantly during the core lifetime. We also estimate an upper limit of 3.5 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1 for the rate of possible infall onto the core itself. Accretion of new material onto cores indicates the need for a significant update to current core evolution models, where cores are assumed to evolve in isolation.
Blind source separation for decomposing X-ray pulsar profiles
Authors: Saathoff I. , Doroshenko V. , Santangelo A.
Published: January 2024

Accretion-powered X-ray pulsars offer a unique opportunity to study physics under extreme conditions. To fully exploit this potential, the interrelated problems of modelling radiative transport and the dynamical structure of the accretion flow must, however, be solved. This task is challenging both from a theoretical and observational point of view and is further complicated by a lack of direct correspondence between the properties of emission emerging from the neutron star and observed far away from it. In general, a mixture of emission from both poles of the neutron star viewed from different angles is indeed observed at some or even all phases of the pulse cycle. It is essential, therefore, to reconstruct the contributions of each pole to the observed flux in order to test and refine models describing the formation of the spectra and pulse profiles of X-ray pulsars. In this paper we propose a novel data-driven approach to address this problem using the pulse-to-pulse variability in the observed flux, and demonstrate its application to RXTE observations of the bright persistent X-ray pulsarCen X-3. We then discuss the comparison of our results with previous work attempting to solve the same problem and how they can be qualitatively interpreted in the framework of a toy model describing emission from the poles of a neutron star.
Spatially resolved radio signatures of electron beams in a coronal shock
Authors: Zhang Peijin , Morosan Diana , Kumari Anshu , Kilpua Emilia
Published: January 2024

Context. Type II radio bursts are a type of solar radio bursts associated with coronal shocks. Type II bursts usually exhibit fine structures in dynamic spectra that represent signatures of accelerated electron beams. So far, the sources of individual fine structures in type II bursts have not been spatially resolved in high-resolution low-frequency radio imaging.

Aims. The objective of this study is to resolve the radio sources of the herringbone bursts found in type II solar radio bursts and investigate the properties of the acceleration regions in coronal shocks.

Methods. We used low-frequency interferometric imaging observations from the Low Frequency Array to provide a spatially resolved analysis for three herringbone groups (A, B, and C) in a type II radio burst that occurred on 16 October 2015.

Results. The herringbones in groups A and C have a typical frequency drift direction and a propagation direction along the frequency. Their frequency drift rates correspond to those of type III bursts and previously studied herringbones. Group B has a more complex spatial distribution, with two distinct sources separated by 50 arcsec and no clear spatial propagation with frequency. One of the herringbones in group B was found to have an exceptionally large frequency drift rate.

Conclusions. The characteristics derived from imaging spectroscopy suggest that the studied herringbones originate from different processes. Herringbone groups A and C most likely originate from single-direction beam electrons, while group B may be explained by counterstreaming beam electrons.
Neutron-capture elements in a sample of field metal-poor N-rich dwarfs
Authors: Spite M. , Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , François P.
Published: January 2024

Context. The aim of this work is to measure the abundances of n-capture elements in a sample of six metal-poor N-rich dwarfs that were formed in globular clusters, and subsequently became unbound from the cluster. These N-rich stars, HD 25329, HD 74000, HD 160617, G 24-3, G53-41, and G90-3, were previously studied in Paper I.

Aims. The abundances of the n-capture elements in these stars were compared to the abundances in normal metal-poor dwarfs and in globular cluster stars in the same metallicity range in order to find evidence of an enrichment of the material from which these N-rich stars were formed, by the ejecta of massive asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB) inside the cluster.

Methods. The abundances of 15 elements, from Sr to Yb, were derived line by line by comparing the observed profiles to synthetic spectra in a sample of six metal-poor N-rich dwarfs and nine classical metal-poor dwarfs.

Results. We show that, generally speaking, the behaviours of the intermediate metal-poor stars here studied and the extremely metal-poor stars are very different. In particular, the scatter of the [X/Fe] ratios is much smaller since many more stars contribute to the enrichment. Among our six metal-poor N-rich stars, three stars (G24-3 and HD 74000 and maybe also HD 160617) present an enrichment in elements formed by the s-process, typical of a contribution of AGB stars, unexpected at the metallicity of these stars. This suggests that the intracluster medium from which these stars were formed was enriched by a first generation of massive AGB stars. Another N-rich star, G53-41, is also rich in s-process elements, but since it is more metal-rich this could be due to the normal galactic enrichment by low-mass AGB stars before the formation of the cluster. In contrast, two stars (G 90-3 and HD 25329) have an abundance pattern compatible with a pure r-process such as that seen in metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < −1.5.
A benchmark for extreme conditions of the multiphase interstellar medium in the most luminous hot dust-obscured galaxy at z = 4.6
Authors: Fernández Aranda Román , Díaz Santos Tanio , Hatziminaoglou Evanthia , Assef Roberto J. , Aravena Manuel , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Ferkinhoff Carl , Pensabene Antonio , Nikola Thomas , Andreani Paola , Vishwas Amit , Stacey Gordon J. , Decarli Roberto , Blain Andrew W. , Brisbin Drew , Charmandaris Vassilis , Jun Hyunsung D. , Li Guodong , Liao Mai , Martin Lee R. , Stern Daniel , Tsai Chao-Wei , Wu Jingwen , Zewdie Dejene
Published: January 2024

WISE J224607.6–052634.9 (W2246–0526) is a hot dust-obscured galaxy at z = 4.601, and the most luminous obscured quasar known to date. W2246–0526 harbors a heavily obscured supermassive black hole that is most likely accreting above the Eddington limit. We present observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in seven bands, including band 10, of the brightest far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure emission lines of this galaxy: [OI]63 μm, [OIII]88 μm, [NII]122 μm, [OI]145 μm, [CII]158 μm, [NII]205 μm, [CI]370 μm, and [CI]609 μm. A comparison of the data to a large grid of CLOUDY radiative transfer models reveals that a high hydrogen density (nH ∼ 3 × 103 cm−3) and extinction (AV ∼ 300 mag), together with extreme ionization (log(U) = − 0.5) and a high X-ray to UV ratio (αox ≥ −0.8) are required to reproduce the observed nuclear line ratios. The values of αox and U are among the largest found in the literature and imply the existence of an X-ray-dominated region (XDR). In fact, this component explains the a priori very surprising non-detection of the [OIII]88 μm emission line, which is actually suppressed, instead of boosted, in XDR environments. Interestingly, the best-fitted model implies higher X-ray emission and lower CO content than what is detected observationally, suggesting the presence of a molecular gas component that should be further obscuring the X-ray emission over larger spatial scales than the central region that is being modeled. These results highlight the need for multiline infrared observations to characterize the multiphase gas in high redshift quasars and, in particular, W2246–0526 serves as an extreme benchmark for comparisons of interstellar medium conditions with other quasar populations at cosmic noon and beyond.
Underestimation of the tidal force and apsidal motion in close binary systems by the perturbative approach: Comparisons with non-perturbative models
Authors: Fellay L. , Dupret M.-A. , Rosu S.
Published: January 2024

Context. Stellar deformations play a significant role in the dynamical evolution of stars in binary systems, impacting the tidal dissipation and the outcomes of mass transfer processes. The prevalent method for modelling the deformations and tidal interactions of celestial bodies solely relies on the perturbative approach, which assumes that stellar deformations are minor perturbations to the spherical symmetry. An observable consequence of stellar deformations is the apsidal motion in eccentric systems, which has be observationally determined across numerous binary systems.

Aims. Our objective is to assert the reliability of the perturbative approach when applied to close and strongly deformed binary systems.

Methods. We have developed a non-perturbative 3D modelling method designed to account for high stellar deformations. We focus on comparing the properties of perturbatively deformed stellar models with our 3D models, particularly in terms of apsidal motion.

Results. Our research highlights that the perturbative model becomes imprecise and underestimates the tidal force and rate of apsidal motion at a short orbital separation. This discrepancy primarily results from the first-order treatment in the perturbative approach, and cannot be rectified using straightforward mathematical corrections due to the strong non-linearity and numerous parameters of the problem. We have determined that our methodology affects the modelling of approximately 42% of observed binary systems with measured apsidal motion, introducing a discrepancy greater than 2% when the normalised orbital separation verifies q−1/5a(1 − e2)/R1 ≲ 6.5 (q is the mass ratio of the system, a is its semi-major axis, e is its orbital eccentricity and R1 is the radius of the primary star).

Conclusions. The perturbative approach underestimates tidal interactions between bodies up to ∼40% for close low-mass binaries. All the subsequent modelling is impacted by our findings, in particular, the tidal dissipation is significantly underestimated. As a result, all binary stellar models are imprecise when applied to systems with a low orbital separation, and the outcomes of these models are also affected by these inaccuracies.
UV FeII emission model of HE 0413−4031 and its relation to broad-line time delays
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Pandey Ashwani , Prince Raj , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Jaiswal Vikram , Czerny Bożena , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Urbanowicz Maciej , Trzcionkowski Piotr , Śniegowska Marzena , Fałkowska Zuzanna , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Werner Norbert
Published: January 2024

Context.FeII emission is a well-known contributor to the UV spectra of active galactic nuclei and the modeling of this part may affect the results obtained for the MgIIλ2800 emission, which is one of the lines used for black hole mass measurements and cosmological applications.

Aims.We tested different FeII emission models when modeling the UV emission of the intermediate-redshift quasar HE 0413−4031 to see how the use of a specific template affects the MgIIλ2800 line properties and the measurement of the MgIIλ2800 and UV FeII time delays with respect to the continuum.

Methods.We used the 11-year monitoring of the selected quasar HE 0413−4031 with the South African Large Telescope (SALT), and we supplemented this monitoring with the near-IR spectrum taken with the SOAR telescope, which gave access to the Hβλ4861 and [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 emission lines at the rest frame and allowed for a precise measurement of the redshift.

Results.A new redshift determination (z = 1.39117 ± 0.00017) using [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 gave a very different value than the previous determination based only on the UV FeII pseudocontinuum (z = 1.3764). It favors a different decomposition of the spectrum into MgII and UV FeII emissions. The line characteristics and the time delay of the MgII emission (224−23+21days) are not significantly affected. However, in comparison with the previous analysis, the rest-frame UV FeII time delay (251−7+9days) is consistent with the inferred UV FeII line full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4200 km s−1that is only slightly smaller than the MgII line FWHM. Hence the FeII-emitting material is more distant than the MgII-emitting gas in HE 0413−4031 by ∼0.023 pc (4700 AU). The inferred velocity shift of both MgII and UV FeII lines with respect to the systemic redshift is now rather low, below 300 km s−1. In addition, we constructed an updated MgII radius-luminosity (R − L) relation from 194 sources, which is more than double the previous sample. The MgIIR − Lrelation is flatter than the UV FeII, optical FeII, and HβR − Lrelations. While the new decomposition of the spectrum is satisfactory, we see a need to create better FeII templates using the newest version of the codeCLOUDY.
Observational constraints on the origin of the elements
Authors: Guiglion G. , Bergemann M. , Storm N. , Lian J. , Cescutti G. , Serenelli A.
Published: January 2024

Context. The chemical evolution history of slow neutron-capture elements in the Milky Way is still a matter of debate, especially in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] < −1).

Aims. Based on Gaia-ESO spectroscopic data, a recent study investigated the chemical evolution of neutron-capture elements in the regime [Fe/H] > −1. Here, we aim to complement this study down to [Fe/H] = −3, and focus on Ba, Y, and Sr, along with the abundance ratios of [Ba/Y] and [Sr/Y], which give comprehensive views on s-process nucleosynthesis channels.

Methods. We measured the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances of Ba, Y, and Sr in 323 Galactic metal-poor stars using high-resolution optical spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. We used the spectral fitting code TSFitPy together with 1D model atmospheres, using previously determined LTE and NLTE atmospheric parameters.

Results. We find that the NLTE effects are on the order of ∼ − 0.1 to ∼0.2 dex, depending on the element. We find that stars enhanced (deficient) in [Ba/Fe] and [Y/Fe] are also enhanced (deficient) in [Sr/Fe], suggesting a common evolution channel for these three elements. We find that the ratio between heavy and light s-process elements [Ba/Y] varies weakly with [Fe/H] even in the metal-poor regime, which is consistent with the behaviour in the metal-rich regime. The [Ba/Y] scatter at a given metallicity is larger than the abundance measurement uncertainties. Homogeneous chemical evolution models with different yield prescriptions are not able to accurately reproduce the [Ba/Y] scatter in the low-[Fe/H] regime. Adopting the stochastic chemical evolution model by Cescutti & Chiappini allows us to reproduce the observed scatter in the abundance pattern of [Ba/Y] and [Ba/Sr]. Based on our observations, we have ruled out the need for an arbitrary scaling of the r-process contribution, as previously suggested by the authors behind the construction of the model.

Conclusions. We show how important it is to properly include NLTE effects when measuring chemical abundances, especially in the metal-poor regime. This work demonstrates that the choice of the Galactic chemical evolution model (stochastic versus one-zone) is key when comparing models to observations. Upcoming large-scale spectroscopic surveys such as 4MOST and WEAVE are poised to deliver high-quality data for many thousands of metal-poor stars and this work gives a typical case study of what could be achieved with such surveys in the future.
Structures Of Dust and gAs (SODA): Constraining the innermost dust properties of II Zw96 with JWST observations of H2O and CO
Authors: García-Bernete I. , Pereira-Santaella M. , González-Alfonso E. , Rigopoulou D. , Efstathiou A. , Donnan F. R. , Thatte N.
Published: January 2024

We analyze JWST NIRSpec+MIRI/MRS observations of the infrared (IR) gas-phase molecular bands of the most enshrouded source (D1) within the interacting system and luminous IR galaxy II Zw 096. We report the detection of rovibrational lines of H2O ν2 = 1 − 0 (∼5.3–7.2 μm) and 12CO ν = 1 − 0 (∼4.45–4.95 μm) in D1. The CO band shows the R- and P-branches in emission and the spectrum of the H2O band shows the P-branch in emission and the R-branch in absorption. The H2O R-branch in absorption unveils an IR-bright embedded compact source in D1 and the CO broad component features a highly turbulent environment. From both bands, we also identified extended intense star-forming (SF) activity associated with circumnuclear photodissociation regions (PDRs), consistent with the strong emission of the ionised 7.7 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon band in this source. By including the 4.5–7.0 μm continuum information derived from the H2O and CO analysis, we modelled the IR emission of D1 with a dusty torus and SF component. The torus is very compact (diameter of ∼3 pc at 5 μm) and characterised by warm dust (∼370 K), giving an IR surface brightness of ∼3.6 × 108 L⊙ pc−2. This result suggests the presence of a dust-obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) in D1, which has an exceptionally high covering factor that prevents the direct detection of AGN emission. Our results open a new way to investigate the physical conditions of inner dusty tori via modelling the observed IR molecular bands.
RETRACTED: Biogeochemical accumulation of trace elements in soils and plants of the Russian Far East
Authors: Molchanov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: The method for estimating respiratory noises using a discrete Fourier transform
Authors: Fatkieva Roza , Shichkina Yulia , Semenenok Vladislav
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Dynamics of green finance in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shevtsov Artyom , Posnaya Elena , Krichevets Ekaterina , Kaznova Margarita
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Land degradation neutrality in the Penza region
Authors: Rozanov Vladislav
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Research on the institutional environment of the green economy: foreign and domestic experience
Authors: Makhosheva Salima , Kandrokova Marina , Yandieva Lyudmila , Uyanaeva Khalimat
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Impact of anionic synthetic surfactants of lead ions and their combinations on the pigment profile of freshwater plant organisms Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa
Authors: Kropova Yulia , Medvedev Ilya , Kartashev Valerii , Tkacheva Elena
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Environmental and resource components in the development of subregions of the tourist territory
Authors: Shashkova Nina , Lukyanova Yelena , Shulga Marina , Kazak Anatoliy , Bukreev Igor , Fastunova Victoria
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Formation of environmental quality assessment tools
Authors: Chubarkina Irina , Volokitin Vladimir , Volokitina Olga
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Influence of heat resistance on reproduction and productivity of Red Dairy Breed cows
Authors: Kosov Vitalij , Khrystenko Vera , Tresnitskiy Sergey , Tresnitskiy Anatoliy , Rudenko Andrei
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Examining the challenges of the Russian sharing economy: the institutional and evolutionary approach
Authors: Sabirova Sabina , Krivosheeva-Medyantseva Daria , Dubover Denis
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Joint cultivation of sturgeon and tilapia in cages on small rivers (Krasnodar territory)
Authors: Abramchuk Alexey , Moskul Georgy , Pashinova Natalya
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Features of prevalence of ASV types of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pig farms in the Northwestern of Russia
Authors: Kryazhev Andrey , Novikov Artyom
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Digital divide of regions (by example of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova Gulnara
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: AI methods application for classifying stratigraphic layers of snow cover with Snow micro pen device
Authors: Frolov D.M. , Seliverstov Yu.G. , Koshurnikov A.V. , Gagarin V.E.
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Mobile app for household eco-activism
Authors: Krasnikova Irina , Orlik Lubov
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Economic aspect of unmanned open-pit coal mining technologies
Authors: Dubinkin D.M. , Golofastova N.N.
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Structural features and magnetic properties of Laves phases (Tb,Y,Sm)Fe2
Authors: Aleroeva Т.A. , Konoplin N.A.
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Analysis of non-spool throttle flow dividers for synchronous hydromechanical drives
Authors: Rybak Alexander , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Pelipenko Alexey , Serdyukova Yuliya , Teplyakova Svetlana , Romanov Maxim
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Liver cirrhosis in the elderly population: analysing prevalence and gender characteristics within the biotechnological framework
Authors: Mamasoliev Ne’matjon , Askarov Ibragim , Khakimov Nasrulla , Usmonov Burkhonjon , Umurzaqov Oybek , Nazarov Bakhtiyor
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Justification for selecting the neural network type for inclusion in the architecture of the developed medical information system
Authors: Berezovsky Vladimir , Vygovskaya Natallia
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Study of immune system response to coronavirus infection
Authors: Kostarev S.N. , Sereda T.G.
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Assessment of the health of Russian university professors after the coronavirus pandemic in the context of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Aleshkovski Ivan , Gasparishvili Alexander , Krukhmaleva Oksana , Savina Natalia
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001