bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic Economies
Authors: Rosenbaum Susanna
Published: March 2018

In Domestic Economies, Susanna Rosenbaum examines how two groups of women—Mexican and Central American domestic workers and the predominantly white, middle-class women who employ them—seek to achieve the "American Dream." By juxtaposing their understandings and experiences, she illustrates how immigrant and native-born women strive to reach that ideal, how each group is indispensable to the other's quest, and what a vital role reproductive labor plays in this pursuit. Through in-depth ethnographic research with these women at work, at home, and in the urban spaces of Los Angeles, Rosenbaum positions domestic service as an intimate relationship that reveals two versions of female personhood. Throughout, Rosenbaum underscores the extent to which the ideology of the American Dream is racialized and gendered, exposing how the struggle for personal worth and social recognition is shaped at the intersection of motherhood and paid employment.
Landscapes of Power
Authors: Powell Dana E.
Published: March 2018

In Landscapes of Power Dana E. Powell examines the rise and fall of the controversial Desert Rock Power Plant initiative in New Mexico to trace the political conflicts surrounding Native sovereignty and contemporary energy development on Navajo (Diné) Nation land. Powell's historical and ethnographic account shows how the coal-fired power plant project's defeat provided the basis for redefining the legacies of colonialism, mineral extraction, and environmentalism. Examining the labor of activists, artists, politicians, elders, technicians, and others, Powell emphasizes the generative potential of Navajo resistance to articulate a vision of autonomy in the face of twenty-first-century colonial conditions. Ultimately, Powell situates local Navajo struggles over energy technology and infrastructure within broader sociocultural life, debates over global climate change, and tribal, federal, and global politics of extraction.
Modeling human diseases with induced pluripotent stem cells: from 2D to 3D and beyond
Authors: Liu Chun , Oikonomopoulos Angelos , Sayed Nazish , Wu Joseph C.
Published: March 2018

The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) presents unprecedented opportunities to model human diseases. Differentiated cells derived from iPSCs in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers have proven to be a relatively simple tool for exploring disease pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms. In this Spotlight article, we discuss the progress and limitations of the current 2D iPSC disease-modeling platform, as well as recent advancements in the development of human iPSC models that mimic in vivo tissues and organs at the three-dimensional (3D) level. Recent bioengineering approaches have begun to combine different 3D organoid types into a single ‘4D multi-organ system’. We summarize the advantages of this approach and speculate on the future role of 4D multi-organ systems in human disease modeling.
Nesprins and opposing microtubule motors generate a point force that drives directional nuclear motion in migrating neurons
Authors: Wu You Kure , Umeshima Hiroki , Kurisu Junko , Kengaku Mineko
Published: March 2018

Nuclear migration of newly born neurons is essential for cortex formation in the brain. The nucleus is translocated by actin and microtubules, yet the actual force generated by the interplay of these cytoskeletons remains elusive. High-resolution time-lapse observation of migrating murine cerebellar granule cells revealed that the nucleus actively rotates along the direction of its translocation, independently of centrosome motion. Pharmacological and molecular perturbation indicated that spin torque is primarily generated by microtubule motors through the LINC complex in the absence of actomyosin contractility. In contrast to the prevailing view that microtubules are uniformly oriented around the nucleus, we observed that the perinuclear microtubule arrays are of mixed polarity and both cytoplasmic dynein complex and kinesin-1 are required for nuclear rotation. Kinesin-1 can exert a point force on the nuclear envelope via association with nesprins, and loss of kinesin-1 causes failure in neuronal migration in vivo. Thus, microtubules steer the nucleus and drive its rotation and translocation via a dynamic, focal interaction of nesprins with kinesin-1 and dynein, and this is necessary for neuronal migration during brain development.
Optical Properties of Trinuclear Citrate Complexes Containing 4f and 5f Block Metals
Authors: Aoyagi Noboru , Palladino Giuseppe , Nagasaki Shinya , Kimura Takaumi
Published: March 2018

The speciation and coordination geometries of M(III)-citrate complexes in aqueous solutions, where M denotes Eu, Tb, Lu, or Cm, are studied using potentiometric titration, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Their photophysical properties are also characterized by time-resolved fluorescence spectra. The formation constants of mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear Lu-citrate species, i.e., [Lu(Cit)2]3−, [Lu2(OH)2(Cit)2]2−, and [Lu3(OH)4(Cit)4]7−, were determined as 9.78 ± 0.30, 3.60 ± 0.30, and 1.02 ± 0.03, respectively, by potentiometric titration in 3.00 M NaClO4 aqueous media. Terminal carboxylic conformation in trinuclear complexes comprised both the five- and six-membered rings at different exchanging rates. Hydration states evaluated for Eu3+ ions are the chemical formula of [Eu(Cit)2(H2O)2.5]3− and [Eu3(OH)4(Cit)4(H2O)3.4]7−. These complexes in aqueous solution have geometrical similarity to the crystal structures in the literature. Furthermore, the entity of the hetero-trinuclear complex induces the intramolecular energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. The incorporation of Cm3+ into these homo/hetero-trinuclear citrate complexes proved to be a successful trial to probe the formation of actinide polymer at a trace level.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Toluene Using a Proton Exchange Membrane Reactor: Influence of Catalyst Materials on Product Selectivity
Authors: Fukazawa Atsushi , Takano Ken , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Nagasawa Kensaku , Mitsushima Shigenori , Atobe Mahito
Published: March 2018

We have investigated the electrochemical hydrogenation of toluene using a PEM reactor for development of an organic chemical hydride system. Especially, the influence of catalyst materials such as Pt, Ru, and PtRu for a PEM reactor on the by-product formation and product selectivity in the hydrogenation of toluene was investigated.
Evaluating the Athlete with Suspected Exercise-Induced Asthma or Bronchospasm
Authors: Brennan Fred H. , Alent Jeffrey , Ross Michael J.
Published: March 2018

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB)/bronchoconstriction (EIC) describes two clinical entities by which exercise triggers bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exercise is a common trigger of bronchospasm in the asthmatic (EIA), as well as athletes without the underlying inflammation associated with asthma (EIC/EIB). Approximately 10% to 20% of the general population have EIA or EIB (1–3). The approach to the diagnosis and subsequent management relies on the clinician’s ability to recognize clinical signs and symptoms, then selecting the correct diagnostic test. A baseline spirometry/pulmonary function test is recommended for all athletes to evaluate for underlying asthma. Subsequent direct or indirect bronchial provocation testing is recommended to correctly diagnose EIA or EIB (4). Athletes should not be treated empirically with bronchodilators based on symptoms alone without confirmatory spirometry and provocative testing.
Prepregnancy Fitness and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: WHITAKER KARA M. , INGRAM KATHERINE H. , APPIAH DUKE , NICHOLSON WANDA K. , BENNETT WENDY L. , LEWIS CORA E. , REIS JARED P. , SCHREINER PAMELA J. , GUNDERSON ERICA P.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the associations of prepregnancy cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and time spent watching television with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

Participants were 1333 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who did not have diabetes either at baseline (1985–86) or before births occurring after baseline. Baseline fitness was estimated using a graded symptom-limited maximal exercise treadmill test and expressed in MET units. Baseline MVPA (exercise units per day) was measured using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults physical activity history questionnaire, and television viewing (h·d−1) was assessed by self-report in 1990–1991. Logistic regression analysis was used to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for time from baseline to delivery and baseline study center, age, race, education, parity, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, saturated fat intake, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and HDL cholesterol.

Results

Over 25 yr of follow-up, 164 women developed GDM. The odds of developing GDM were 21% lower for each 1 SD increment in baseline level of fitness (2.3 METs, odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval = 0.65–0.96). Prepregnancy MVPA and television viewing were not statistically associated with the development of GDM.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that objectively assessed prepregnancy fitness, but not self-reported MVPA or television time, is associated with GDM. Clinicians should counsel women on the benefits of improving fitness in the preconception period, particularly among women at greater risk for GDM.
Insulin resistance indices and coronary risk in adults from Maracaibo city, Venezuela: A cross sectional study
Authors: Salazar Juan , Bermúdez Valmore , Olivar Luis Carlos , Torres Wheeler , Palmar Jim , Añez Roberto , Ordoñez Maria Gratzia , Rivas José Ramón , Martínez María Sofía , Hernández Juan Diego , Graterol Modesto , Rojas Joselyn
Published: March 2018

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder related to atherosclerosis. Its measurement is of great importance not only as a marker of diabetes but also for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the relationship between various IR indices and coronary risk in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela.

Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub study, 1272 individuals of both genders were selected with the measurement of basal insulin and coronary risk according to the Framingham-Wilson formula calibrated for our population. The insulin resistance indices evaluated were HOMA2-IR, triglycerides and glucose index (TyG) and triglycerides/HDL ratio (TG/HDL). The predictive capacity and association between each index and the coronary risk event in 10 years were determined.

Results: Of the evaluated population, 55.2% were female, 34.8% had a coronary risk ≥5% in 10 years, with the TG/HDL and TyG indices showing the highest AUC 0.712 (0.681-0.743) and 0.707 (0.675-0.739), respectively; compared to HOMA2-IR. Both were also the indices most associated with increased coronary risk, especially TG/HDL ≥3 with a higher association [OR = 2.83 (1.74-4.61); p<0.01] after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusions: TyG (≥4.5) and TG/HDL (≥3) indices showed a great predictive capacity of higher coronary risk, with being TG/HDL more associated even after adjusting for abdominal obesity and hs-CRP. Therefore, these represent useful tools for determining IR.
Fixed vs. Flexible Pricing in a Competitive Market
Authors: Selcuk Cemil , Gokpinar Bilal
Published: March 2018

We study the selection and dynamics of two popular pricing policies—fixed price and flexible price—in competitive markets. Our paper extends previous work in marketing, for example, Desai and Purohit (2004) by focusing on decentralized markets with a dynamic and fully competitive framework while also considering possible noneconomic aspects of bargaining. We construct and analyze a competitive search model, which allows us to endogenize the expected demand depending on pricing rules and posted prices. Our analysis reveals that fixed and flexible pricing policies generally coexist in the same marketplace, and each policy comes with its own list price and customer demographics. More specifically, if customers dislike haggling, then fixed pricing emerges as the unique equilibrium, but if customers get some additional satisfaction from the bargaining process, then both policies are offered, and the unique equilibrium exhibits full segmentation: haggler customers avoid fixed-price firms and exclusively shop at flexible firms, whereas nonhaggler customers do the opposite. We also find that prices increase in customer satisfaction, implying that sellers take advantage of the positive utility enjoyed by hagglers in the form of higher prices. Finally, considering the presence of seasonal cycles in most markets, we analyze a scenario in which market demand goes through periodic ups and downs and find that equilibrium prices remain mostly stable despite significant fluctuations in demand. This finding suggests a plausible competition-based explanation for the stability of prices.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2922 .

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
CPD: Is it making a difference in your school?
Authors: Cunningham Maria
Published: March 2018

What are the key questions that you should be asking yourself when it comes to designing and evaluating CPD with measurable impact? Maria Cunningham advises
The efficacy of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of bacteria from blood, bone and synovial fluid samples of children with musculoskeletal infections
Authors: Hashavya S. , Gross I. , Michael-Gayego A. , Simanovsky N. , Lamdan R.
Published: March 2018

Background

Musculoskeletal infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children leading to hospitalization, invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic administration. Blood, synovial and sometimes tissue cultures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections; 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing is a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteria. While the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in synovial fluid was previously assessed, data regarding the efficacy of this method from blood samples or partially treated children with suspected musculoskeletal infections is lacking. In this study we assessed the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in blood, bone and synovial samples of children with musculoskeletal infections.

Methods

Blood, synovial and bone samples were collected from children with suspected musculoskeletal infections and analyzed for the presence of 16S rDNA, the results were then compared with the benchmark microbial cultures.

Results

During the study period, 41 children (18 boys and 23 girls) with suspected acute musculoskeletal infection were enrolled. A positive blood culture was found in 6/31 cases (19.4%) with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated bacterium. No significant 16S rDNA detection in blood samples was recorded. Synovial fluid culture was positive in 6/28 samples (21%), Kingella kingae being the most common pathogen. When using the 16S rDNA sequencing method, the rate of positive results in synovial fluid was higher with bacterial detection in 12/23 (52%) samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method was also able to identify pathogens in samples taken from partially treated children where cultures were negative with 16S rDNA detection in 5/5 samples.

Conclusion

Although 16S rDNA sequencing may increase the yield of bacterial detection in synovial samples of patients with musculoskeletal infections, there is no benefit from applying this method on blood samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method may be particularly beneficial when antibiotic treatment was started prior to synovial fluid sampling.

Level of Evidence

Level-II diagnostic study
Local civil society regimes: liberal, corporatist and social democratic civil society regimes in Swedish metropolitan cities
Authors: Arvidson Malin , Johansson Håkan , Johansson Staffan , Nordfeldt Marie
Published: March 2018

Academic debates on the role and position of civil society organisations (CSOs) in welfare states largely refer to policies and practices outlined at the national level. They therefore fail to recognise variations within nations. Based on a comparative case study of three Swedish metropolitan cities, this article illustrates the importance of local, contextualised analyses. Through the concept of local civil society regimes, the study identifies three regime types, namely liberal, corporatist and social democratic. The key distinguishing factor between them relates to their different ideological positions regarding the role of CSOs in the marketisation and privatisation of public social welfare represented at the local level. The article argues for the need for further analysis to explore the implications of decentralisation from the perspective of local CSOs and their constituencies.
Whetting the appetite: What are the challenges for journalists covering Syria’s conflict and the migration crisis using UGC?
Authors: Johnston Lisette
Published: March 2018

This article examines the challenges for BBC journalists covering the migration ‘crisis’, particularly the events in Syria that contribute to that movement. Findings from interviews and newsroom observations highlight the emotional risks to journalists when working with user-generated content (UGC), the strategies used to process this material and editorial decision-making employed when determining how best to depict news events. Complex frameworks within BBC News may result in different practices and decisions being made across the newsroom. Editors consider the impact on, and needs of, audiences as routine. But they must also consider the well-being of the staff who may encounter UGC that will never leave the newsroom due to its explicit nature. These journalists risk experiencing trauma and upset, which may also be triggered by the crisis itself over a sustained period. This article raises questions about the best ways for UGC to cover the migration crisis while considering journalists’ experiences and well-being.
An image of refugees through the social media lens: A narrative framing analysis of the Humans of New York series ‘Syrian Americans’
Authors: Perreault Gregory , Paul Newly
Published: March 2018

In this article we analyse the visual portrayal of Syrian refugees in the Facebook group ‘Humans of New York’ – a citizen journalism site run by a New York-based photographer. Specifically, we use narrative theory and its related method, narrative framing analysis, to examine the visual rhetoric of the European refugee crisis that emerges on this site, and the images that were most popular with the site’s viewers. Our findings indicate that while mainstream media images marginalize and dehumanize refugees by portraying them as pollutants and terrorists, alternate sites such as HONY do not function under traditional journalistic norms and routines, and provide alternate portrayals. The three narrative frames that emerge are as follows: refugees are skilled, normalized and are ideologically American. The overall narrative is a social master analogue that indicates that refugees are capable of assimilating into American life.
Celebrity endorsement of political aspirants and its effects on college students in Lagos
Authors: Agina Añulika , Ekwevugbe Akpevwe
Published: March 2018

This article examines two main research questions: what factors justify celebrity endorsement as an election campaign strategy given the increasing doubts associated with celebrity involvement in politics? Did celebrity endorsement of political aspirants influence young adults’ voting behaviour during the 2015 elections in Lagos? Using mixed method approaches, and supported by source credibility and celebrity endorsement debates, a survey was conducted with a sample of 375 students of the Yaba College of Technology. Three semi-structured interviews with members of successful campaign teams were also conducted. Our findings revealed that campaign managers have a huge confidence in the celebrity endorsement strategy for several reasons and would employ the approach in future. Further, the young people interrogated revealed that while two-thirds of them are fans of Nollywood stars and music icons, they were not influenced to vote on the basis of the celebrities’ say-so. These findings are somewhat consistent with extant literature, but suggest the need for further studies regarding how celebrities translate fandom to votes.
Completeness and accuracy of anthropometric measurements in electronic medical records for children attending primary care
Authors: Carsley Sarah , Birken Catherine S. , Parkin Patricia C. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Tu Karen
Published: March 2018

Background

Electronic medical records (EMRs) from primary care may be a feasible source of height and weight data. However, the use of EMRs in research has been impeded by lack of standardisation of EMRs systems, data access and concerns about the quality of the data.

Objectives

The study objectives were to determine the data completeness and accuracy of child heights and weights collected in primary care EMRs, and to identify factors associated with these data quality attributes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study examining height and weight data for children <19 years from EMRs through the Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD), a network of family practices across the province of Ontario. Body mass index z-scores were calculated using the World Health Organization Growth Standards and Reference.

Results

A total of 54,964 children were identified from EMRALD. Overall, 93% had at least one complete set of growth measurements to calculate a body mass index (BMI) z-score. 66.2% of all primary care visits had complete BMI z-score data. After stratifying by visit type 89.9% of well-child visits and 33.9% of sick visits had complete BMI z-score data; incomplete BMI z-score was mainly due to missing height measurements. Only 2.7% of BMI z-score data were excluded due to implausible values.

Conclusions

Data completeness at well-child visits and overall data accuracy were greater than 90%. EMRs may be a valid source of data to provide estimates of obesity in children who attend primary care.
Bir Şehrin Serüveni: Büyük Selçuklular Döneminde Merv’in Siyasî Tarihi
Authors: YAZAR Nurullah
Published: March 2018

Ortaçağ boyunca birçok şehir sahip olduğu verimli toprakları, ticaret yolları üzerinde kurulması, savunmasının kolay olması, ilmî ve iktisadî açıdan sahip olduğu değerler sebebiyle sürekli göz önünde olmuştur. Bununla birlikte her güzellik beraberinde bir takım zorluğu da getirmektedir. Hâkimiyet sahalarını genişletmeyi düşünen bütün hanedanlıkların gözleri bu şehirlerin üzerinde olmuştur. Bunun bir sonucu olarak ortaçağın önemli şehirleri birçok kez farklı hanedanların hâkimiyetine girmiştir. Bu durum hem şehir hem de sakinleri için olumlu sonuçlarla birlikte istenmeyen durumları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Şehirler bir taraftan imar edilip kalkındırılırken bir taraftan da siyasal istikrarsızlıkların yaşandığı dönemlerde harap edilmekteydiler. Bu şehirlerde yaşamlarını sürdürenler de bir taraftan zenginliği, refahı son derece derinden yaşarlarken bahsedilen zor dönemlerde de kıtlığı, vahşeti ve de yokluğu en acı şekilde hissediyorlardı.
Sufîlerce Kendini Dönüştürme Eğitimi Olarak Uygulanan Zikir Ritüelinin Bilişsel Psikoloji Açısından Analizi
Authors: ÇETİN Özer
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırmada bilişsel psikoloji bulguları ışığında sufilerce uygulanan zikir ritüeli incelenmiştir. Zikir ve bilişsel yetiler arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Zikir ritüelinin başlangıcından sonuna kadar her aşamasında ardışık olarak farklı bilişsel yetiler devreye girmektedir. Buna karşılık zikirde uygulanan yöntemler bilişsel yetilerin performansını artırmaktadır. Zikir ritüelinde oluşan dini algı sonucu kişinin iç dünyasında zikredilen kelimelerle ilişkili birtakım bilgiler oluşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda zikir dışarıdan bakıldığında belli dini kelimelerin tekrarından oluşan monoton bir yapı gibi görünse de zikreden kişinin benliğinde değişim ve dönüşüme neden olan dinamik bir bilgi kaynağıdır. Zikir yalnız bilinci değil aynı zamanda bilinçdışını da etkilemektedir. Olumlu etkilerine karşılık zikirde yanılsamalar görülebilir. Bu nedenle düzenli olarak uygulana zikir ritüeli tecrübeli bir kişinin denetiminde gerçekleştirilmelidir.
Bir Tercüme Problemi Olarak Kur’an’da Müşâkele Üslubu
Authors: ATEŞ Avnullah Enes
Published: March 2018

Kur’an-ı Kerîm’in kullandığı edebî sanatlardan biri, müşâkele üslûbudur ve muhatabın eylemine verilen karşı cevapta muhatabın kelimelerini kullanmak anlamına gelir. Bu tür durumlarda kelimelerin şeklen benzer olması sebebiyle tercümeye aynı anlamla yansıtılma riski söz konusudur ve bu kullanımların farklı dillere aktarımı ciddi bir tercüme problemi olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Kimi zaman bu durum, inanç ile ilgili bir sorunun doğmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu tür kullanımların tespiti ve anlamlandırılması son derece önem arz eder. Çeviride hedef kitlenin bu edebî kullanımları anlamasını sağlamak için bu kullanımları hedef dile, anlaşılacak bir şekilde çevirmek gerekir. Bu makalede Kur’an’daki müşâkele üslubunun çeviri problemi ele alınacak ve bu problemi çözümde kullanılabilecek tercüme üslupları önerilecektir.
Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi ve “Mir’âtü’n-Nâzırîn”Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Tasavvufî Görüşleri*
Authors: Çetin Nuran
Published: March 2018

İlk çağlardan beri muhtelif medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapan Amasya, Anadolu coğrafyası üzerinde yer alan köklü şehirlerden biridir. Amasya’nın tarihî dokusuna bakıldığında, mezkûr kentte çok sayıda ilim, fikir sanat ve devlet adamının yetiştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu anlamda Osmanlı Devleti’nde XVIII. yüzyılın sonu ile XIX. yüzyılın başında yaşayan Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi müderrislik, mütefekkirlik ve mutasavvıflık yönü ile Amasya’nın yetiştirdiği önemli şahsiyetlerden biridir. Bu makalede, eserleri ve icrâ ettiği görevleri ile iyi bir ilmî birikime sahip olan Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi ve onun tasavvufa dair kaleme aldığı Mir’âtü’n-nâzırîn adlı eseri tanınmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak ele alınan makale, giriş ve iki bölümden oluşacaktır. Birinci bölümde Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi’nin hayatı ve eserlerine, ikinci bölümde ise Mir’âtü’n-nâzırîn’deki tasavvufî görüşlerine yer verilecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise konuyla ilgili bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.
Mu'tezile'nin Dua Anlayışı
Authors: Maraz Hüseyin
Published: March 2018

Dua, Allah ile insan arasındaki iletişim araçlarından biridir. Zira bu iletişim Allah’tan insana doğru olursa vahiy, insandan Allah’a doğru olursa duadır. Allah, insandan dua etmesini istemekte, insan da bu isteğe fıtrî bir yönelişle karşılık vermektedir. Mu’tezile’ye göre dua, bir talep ve çağrıdır. İnsanın Allah’a olan çağrısı, hayır ve maslahat içerikli olmalıdır. Bu bakımdan onlar, hem insanî yönüyle hem de konusu  açısından duanın bir takım şartları olduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir. Şartları gerçekleşmiş bir duanın kabulü ise onlara göre vâciptir. Fakat duanın kabul olmasının önemli şartlarından biri, insanın hak etmesidir. Zira dua veya beddua ancak hak eden için bir anlam ve gerçeklik ifade etmektedir. Bununla birlikte Allah, kendisine kulluk ve tâzimle yöneltilen her iyi ve salah (değerli) talebe icabet edeceğini bildirmiştir. İcabet, aynı zamanda mükâfat demektir. Bu açıdan Mu’tezile, duayı teklifle ilişkilendirerek mükâfat ve ceza şeklinde istihkakın bir parçası kabul etmektedir. Bu boyutlarıyla makalemiz, Mu’tezile ekolü özelinde duanın anlam ve mahiyetine yönelik tasviri bir araştırmadır.
Yetişkinlerin Çocukluk Anılarındaki Tanrı İmgesinin Analizi
Authors: Bedir Fatma Nur
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada bireyin Tanrı imgesini etkileyebilecek olan faktörler incelenmiş ve bu imgelerin Türk toplumu açısından kültürel bir yorumu sunulmuştur. Örneklem yedi Türk yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Açık uçlu anket uygulamasıyla katılımcılara yalnızca “Çocukluğunuzda Allah’ı düşündüğünüz zaman aklınıza ne gelirdi?” sorusu sorulmuştur. Anketlerden elde edilen data tematik analiz sistemine göre değerlendirilmiş ve altı tema elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; katılımcıların Tanrı imgelerinin çocukluk anılarının önemli bir kısmını kapsadığı görülmektedir. Hepsi Tanrı hakkında düşündüğü, hissettiği ya da hayal ettiği şeylerden bahsetmiştir. Bütün katılımcılar küçüklüklerinde Tanrı’yı somut bir simge olarak düşünme arayışına girmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla Tanrı imgelerinde antropomorfizm bulunmuştur. Bütün katılımcılar Tanrı’nın büyüklüğü ve gücünden bahsetmişlerdir. Bunların yanı sıra, erken eğitimciler olan aile ve öğretmenlerin, Tanrı imgesinin oluşumunda en etkili faktörlerden biri olduğu görülmüştür. Televizyon, Tanrı imgesini etkileyen bir diğer önemli faktördür.
Râvînin Adâletine İlişkin Hususiyetler Bağlamında Buhârî’nin Hadis Ricâline Yaklaşımı “el-Câmiu’s-Sahîh Özelinde”
Authors: AYDIN Osman
Published: March 2018

Buhârî’nin genelde bütün dînî ilimlere özelde ise hadîs ilmine yaklaşımını anlamak için, eserlerini ve bunların değerlendirilmesi sonucu tespîti yapılan yöntemsel nüansları iyi tahlîl etmek gerekir. Bu zâviyeden bakıldığında çocukluk yıllarından itibaren dînî ilimlere iştiyâkı kaynaklarda ifade edilen Buhârî’nin hadîs alanında yetkinliğini elde ettikten sonra rivayet tahammülünde benimsediği kriterler, onun hadîsçiliğini de gösterecek ipuçları sunacaktır. Râvînin adaletiyle doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ilişkili olan meselelerin bir hadîsin kabul ya da reddi hususunda en mühim verileri içermesi sebebiyle; Buhârî açısından adaletu’r-râvî mevzûunun daha da önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
Squamous odontogenic tumor: A rare tumor of premolar region of mandible: a case report
Authors: Salem Suzan , Alamri Rana , Saad Islam
Published: March 2018

Background: The squamous odontogenic tumor is characterized as an extremely uncommon amiable neoplasm, beginning from the rests of Malassez, gingival surface epithelium or from remainders of the dental lamina. The squamous odontogenic tumor was first described by Pullon et al. (1975), since that time only 50 cases in the English-language literature in which the microscopic characteristics are frequently very well demonstrated. The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of a triangular shaped unilocular radiolucency associated with the roots of erupted teeth and has a predilection for the anterior maxilla and the posterior mandible.Methods: We reported a case of squamous odontogenic tumor occurring in a 40-year-old female in the premolar are of mandible with common localization and appearance. The tumor underwent surgical excision for histopathological examination and confirming diagnosis, followed by total resection of the tumor and using demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and collagen membrane to fill defect.Results: Histological examination revealed a proliferation of mature stratified squamous epithelial islands in a dense fibrous connective stroma and the diagnosis of squamous odontogenic tumor was confirmed.Conclusions: Although squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare tuomr which arise from the rest of Malassez, but it should be listed as a differential diagnosis and confirmed with histopathological examination, it should be treated first conservatively, but upon recurrence a more aggressive line of treatment is to be followed.
Defining the role of libraries in the Open Science landscape: a reflection on current European practice
Authors: Ayris Paul , Ignat Tiberius
Published: March 2018

This collaborative paper looks at how libraries can engage with and offer leadership in the Open Science movement. It is based on case studies and the results of an EU-funded research project on Research Data Management taken from European research-led universities and their libraries. It begins by analysing three recent trends in Science, and then links component parts of the research process to aspects of Open Science. The paper then looks in detail at four areas and identifies roles for libraries: Open Access and Open Access publishing, Research Data Management, E-Infrastructures (especially the European Open Science Cloud), and Citizen Science. The paper ends in suggesting a model for how libraries, by using a 4-step test, can assess their engagement with Open Science. This 4-step test is based on lessons drawn from the case studies.
Dual-Task Performance: Influence of Frailty, Level of Physical Activity, and Cognition
Authors: Giusti Rossi Paulo , Pires de Andrade Larissa , Hotta Ansai Juliana , Silva Farche Ana Claudia , Carnaz Leticia , Dalpubel Daniela , Ferriolli Eduardo , Assis Carvalho Vale Francisco , de Medeiros Takahashi Anielle Cristhine
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose:

Cognition and level of physical activity have been associated with frailty syndrome. The development of tools that assess deficits related to physical and cognitive frailties simultaneously are of common interest. However, little is known about how much these aspects influence the performance of dual-task tests. Our aims were (a) to verify the influence of frailty syndrome and objectively measured physical activity and cognition on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Timed Up and Go associated with dual-task (TUG-DT) performances; and (b) to compare TUG and TUG-DT performances between older adults who develop frailty syndrome.

Methods:

Sixty-four community-dwelling older adults were divided into frail, prefrail, and nonfrail groups, according to frailty phenotype. Assessments included anamnesis, screening of frailty syndrome, cognitive assessment (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination), placement of a triaxial accelerometer to assess level of physical activity, and TUG and TUG-DT (TUG associated with a motor-cognitive task of calling a phone number) performances. After 7 days, the accelerometer was removed. A multiple linear regression was applied to identify which independent variables could explain performances in the TUG and TUG-DT. Subsequently, the analysis of covariance test, adjusted for age, cognition, and level of physical activity covariates, was used to compare test performances.

Results:

There were no differences in cognition between groups. Significant differences in the level of physical activity were found in the frail group. Compared with the frail group, the nonfrail group required less time and fewer steps to complete the TUG. Regarding the TUG-DT, cognition and age influenced the time spent and number of steps, respectively; however, no differences were found between groups.

Conclusions:

Frail older adults presented worse performance in the TUG when compared with nonfrail older adults. The dual-task test does not differentiate older adults with frailty syndrome, regardless of cognitive performance.
Knee Kinetics During Squats of Varying Loads and Depths in Recreationally Trained Women
Authors: Flores Victoria , Becker James , Burkhardt Eric , Cotter Joshua
Published: March 2018

Flores, V, Becker, J, Burkhardt, E, and Cotter, J. Knee kinetics during squats of varying loads and depths in recreationally trained women. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1945–1952, 2020—The back squat exercise is typically practiced with varying squat depths and barbell loads. However, depth has been inconsistently defined, resulting in unclear safety precautions when squatting with loads. In addition, women exhibit anatomical and kinematic differences to men, which may predispose them to knee joint injuries. The purpose of this study was to characterize peak knee extensor moments (pKEMs) at 3 commonly practiced squat depths of above-parallel, parallel, and full depths, and with 3 loads of 0 (unloaded), 50, and 85% depth-specific 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in recreationally active women. Nineteen women (age, 25.1 ± 5.8 years; body mass, 62.5 ± 10.2 kg; height, 1.6 ± 0.10 m; mean ± SD) performed squats of randomized depth and load. Inverse dynamics were used to obtain pKEMs from 3-dimensional knee kinematics. Depth and load had significant interaction effects on pKEMs (p = 0.014). Significantly greater pKEMs were observed at full depth compared with parallel depth with 50% 1RM load (p = 0.001, d = 0.615) and 85% 1RM load (p = 0.010, d = 0.714). Greater pKEMs were also observed at full depth compared with above-parallel depth with 50% 1RM load (p = 0.003, d = 0.504). Results indicate that effect of load on female pKEMs do not follow a progressively increasing pattern with either increasing depth or load. Therefore, when high knee loading is a concern, individuals must carefully consider both the depth of squat being performed and the relative load they are using.
Effect of Resistance Training Frequency on Neuromuscular Performance and Muscle Morphology After 8 Weeks in Trained Men
Authors: Brigatto Felipe A. , Braz Tiago V. , Zanini Thamires Cristina da Costa , Germano Moisés D. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Marchetti Paulo H. , Lopes Charles R.
Published: March 2018

Brigatto, FA, Braz, TV, Zanini, TCdC, Germano, MD, Aoki, MS, Schoenfeld, BJ, Marchetti, PH, and Lopes, CR. Effect of resistance training frequency on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology after 8 weeks in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2104–2116, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of training muscle groups 1 day per week vs. 2 days per week on neuromuscular performance and morphological adaptations in trained men with the number of sets per muscle group equated between conditions. Participants were randomly assigned in 2 experimental groups: 1 session·wk−1 per muscle group (G1, n = 10), where every muscle group was trained once a week with 16 sets or 2 sessions·wk−1 per muscle group (G2, n = 10), where every muscle group was trained twice a week with 8 sets per session. All other variables were held constant over the 8-week study period. No significant difference between conditions for maximal strength in the back squat or bench press, muscle thickness in the elbow extensors, elbow flexors, or quadriceps femoris, and muscle endurance in the back squat and bench press performed at 60% 1 repetition maximum was detected. Effect size favored G2 for some outcome measurements, suggesting the potential of a slight benefit to the higher training frequency. In conclusion, both G1 and G2 significantly enhance neuromuscular adaptations, with a similar change noted between experimental conditions.
Influence of Ultra-Fine Active Silica Powder on the Properties of Concrete
Authors: Han Weiwei , Sun Tao , Li Xinping , Chen Youzhi , Xu Min , Sun Mian
Published: March 2018

Ultra-fine active silica powder (UASP) is beneficial to improve the properties of cement and concrete. In this study, the fluidity, compressive strength, and durability (freezing-thawing resistance, chloride ion penetration, and carbonation resistance) of concrete with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % UASP addition were evaluated. The results demonstrated that compared with the control concrete, the slump flow and compressive strength of concrete containing 10 % UASP were increased by 46.7 % and 25.2 % at 3 days and 7 days, respectively. The durability of 10 % UASP concrete was superior to that of the control concrete, with a decrease of 70 % carbonation depth and 53.2 % electric flux.
Stress-Strain Response and Dilation of Geogrid-Reinforced Coarse-Grained Soils in Large-Scale Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Chen Xiaobin , Jia Yu , Zhang Jiasheng
Published: March 2018

Although the dilatancy of uniform sands or gravelly soil has been studied extensively in geotechnical engineering, studies on dilatancy of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils are remarkably scarce in the literature. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effects of geogrid and gravel content on the dilative behaviors of geogrid-reinforced sand-gravel mixtures. For this purpose, a series of large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand-gravel mixtures with varying gravel content. It was found that the inclusion of geogrids results in higher ductility and friction angles of the specimens tested. Dilation was enhanced by an increase in gravel content but suppressed by the inclusion of geogrids. A hyperbolic model is developed to fit the stress-dilation relationship for the geogrid-reinforced specimens tested. The findings of this study may lead to a better understanding of the dilative behaviors of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of PVA-ECC under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Ge WenJie , Cai Chen , Ji Xiang , Ashour Ashraf F. , Cao DaFu
Published: March 2018

In order to study the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites reinforced with various types of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and different fiber volume fractions subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, the rapid freeze-thaw method was used to test the mass loss ratios, relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Two different fiber types (JP and CP) and two different fiber volume contents (1.0 and 2.0 %) were used in the test specimens. The results showed that specimens incurred more damage with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles; however, their performance was improved by fiber type and dosage. The mass loss rate of specimens with 2 % volume content of fiber was lower than that of specimens with 1 % volume content of fiber. Furthermore, the mass loss rate was also influenced by the type of fiber used. The relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus of specimens with 2 % fibers was higher than that of specimens with 1 % fibers, while the relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus of JP fibers was higher than that of CP fibers. In addition, the compressive and flexural strengths decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, but specimens with fiber exhibited better compressive and flexural strengths than specimens without fibers. Based on the SL 211-2006 code for the design of hydraulic structures against ice and freezing action, specimens with JP fibers were adequate for use in severely cold regions, while specimens with CP fiber can be used in cold regions, and specimens without fiber could only be used in warm regions.
Modeling the Effect of Hydrogen on Ductile Fracture
Authors: Huang Chuanshi , Luo Tuo , Gao Xiaosheng , Graham Stephen M.
Published: March 2018

Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) is a major cause of material ductility reduction. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on ductile fracture is demonstrated by its influence on the process of void growth and coalescence. Assuming an initially uniform hydrogen distribution and a periodic array of spherical voids present in the material, a series of finite element analyses of a representative material volume subjected to various stress states was carried out. The evolution of local stress and deformation states results in hydrogen redistribution in the material, which in turn changes the material’s flow property because of the HELP effect. The results show that hydrogen reduces the ductility of the material by accelerating void growth and coalescence, and the effect of hydrogen on ductile fracture is strongly influenced by the stress state experienced by the material, as characterized by the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter.
Sometimes You Need More than a Wingman: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Role of Humor in Men's Mental Health Help-Seeking Campaigns
Authors: Erentzen Caroline , Quinlan Joshua A. , Mar Raymond A.
Published: March 2018

The clinical literature has consistently documented that men seek help for mental health less often than do women, although they suffer from mental illness at comparable rates. This is particularly troublesome as depression and anxiety in men are more likely to manifest in substance abuse and suicidal behavior. This gender discrepancy in help-seeking may be explained by the social psychological literature on traditional masculinity, which has been associated with stigmatizing thoughts about mental illness and opposition to help-seeking. The present research explored this link between masculinity and mental health help-seeking, including the use of affiliative humor in public awareness messages about help-seeking for mental health. We hypothesized that incorporating light humor into this campaign might reframe help-seeking in a less threatening way, effectively circumventing the defensive reactions of masculine men. Across three studies, we presented young men with ads encouraging them to reach out to a friend suffering from anxiety or depression. Consistently, the perceived funniness of the ads predicted their persuasiveness without increasing stigma or trivializing the issue of mental health. Masculinity did not in fact predict stigmatizing and defensive thoughts about mental illness; rather, men's femininity emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor of these reactions.
Losing Control in Social Situations: How the Presence of Others Affects Neural Processes Related to Sense of Agency
Authors: Beyer Frederike , Sidarus Nura , Fleming Stephen , Haggard Patrick
Published: March 2018

Social contexts substantially influence individual behavior, but little is known about how they affect cognitive processes related to voluntary action. Previously, it has been shown that social context reduces participants’ sense of agency over the outcomes of their actions and outcome monitoring. In this fMRI study on human volunteers, we investigated the neural mechanisms by which social context alters sense of agency. Participants made costly actions to stop inflating a balloon before it burst. On “social” trials, another player could act in their stead, but we analyzed only trials in which the other player remained passive. We hypothesized that mentalizing processes during social trials would affect decision-making fluency and lead to a decreased sense of agency. In line with this hypothesis, we found increased activity in the bilateral temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), precuneus, and middle frontal gyrus during social trials compared with nonsocial trials. Activity in the precuneus was, in turn, negatively related to sense of agency at a single-trial level. We further found a double dissociation between TPJ and angular gyrus (AG): activity in the left AG was not sensitive to social context but was negatively related to sense of agency. In contrast, activity in the TPJ was modulated by social context but was not sensitive to sense of agency.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SIRMO (Allium vineale L.), MENDI (Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss.) AND SIYABO (Ferula rigidula DC.)
Authors: Köse Şenol , Ocak ELVAN
Published: March 2018

In the current study,
antioxidative and antibacterial characteristics of the three various extracts
such as methanol, ethanol and acetone of brine and fresh herbs containing Sirmo
(Allium vineale L.), Mendi (Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss.)
and Siyabo (Ferula rigidula DC.) were investigated. When antioxidant
activity was measured using the 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, the
antimicrobial activity was measured by the agar well diffusion method. The DPPH
values of all extracts ranged from 17.10±1.30 to 119.53±0.06 mg TEAC/kg
lyophilized herb, while ABTS values ranged from 53.55±3.49 to 780.36±39.46 mg
TEAC/kg lyophilized herb. It was determined that the exracts of Siyabo
exhibited higher antibacterial activity in comparison to other plants. These
results suggest that extracts of Sirmo, Mendi and Siyabo can be used as natural
antimicrobials and antioxidants in food processing.