bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF PISUM ARVENSE L. SAMPLES BY WEIGHT OF 1000 SEEDS
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Kozhukhova E.V. , Oreshnikova O.P. ,   Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The soil of the site is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem, with a low content of nitrate nitrogen (4 ... 6 mg/kg of soil), an average content of mobile phosphorus (19.7 mg/100 g) and a high content of exchangeable potassium (12.6 mg/100 g). Weather conditions during the study period were different in terms of heat and moisture availability of the growing season: 2018-medium arid (SCC 0.60), 2019-insufficiently humidified (SCC 0.89), 2020-sufficiently humidified (SCC 1.32). The object of the study was 9 samples of field peas, the standard is a zoned variety of seed peas, grain-bearing direction, Radomir. The aim of the research was a comparative assessment of the adaptability of the mass of 1000 seeds of collection samples of field peas. The tasks were set to determine the indicators of adaptability of samples by the weight of 1000 seeds: ecological plasticity (bi), homeostaticity( Nom), coefficient of adaptivity (KA), coefficient of multicativity (KM), stability indicator (PUSS); by ranking the obtained indicators, to determine the most adaptive samples of field peas by the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of the East Siberian forest-steppe; to determine the variability of the studied indicator by years and to identify correlations of the mass of 1000 seeds with the indicators of adaptability. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in most cases, the adaptive abilities of field peas were higher than those of the standard-field peas, which allows us to recommend Pisum arvense L. to attract Pisum sativum L. to hybridization during breeding. in order to increase the adaptability of the indicator, the weight of 1000 seeds. It was found that Tabyz, Pleiofilia tupe and K-9031 were the most adaptive in terms of the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of Eastern Siberia from the studied samples of seed peas. The variability of the trait over the years was insignificant – less than 10%, and only in two variants – Tabyz and K-4375 average-from 10% to 20%. A strong dependence of the mass of 1000 seeds with the following indicators was revealed: Hom homeostaticity (r=0.88±0.17), KA adaptivity coefficient (r = 1.00 ± 0.00) and the PUSS stability level indicator (r = 0.88 ± 0.17); the average with a regression coefficient bi (r = 0.31 ± 0.34) and a weak negative with a multicativity coefficient KM (r = -0.11 ± 0.35)..
TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING THE QUALITY OF CORN
Authors:   Penza State Agrarian University, Semina S.A. , Gavryushina I.V. ,   Penza State Agrarian University, Paliychuk A.S. ,   Penza State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

Corn is the most important feed crop, it provides high-energy feed, is indispensable for the production of high-quality silage. The introduction of mineral fertilizers, as well as their addition with trace elements, helps to improve the nutritional value of the feed, reduce the amount of fiber in the green mass and increase the content of raw protein. The article presents the results of research on the study of non-root processing of corn with complex fertilizers with trace elements at various levels of root nutrition. It was found that the greatest influence on the accumulation of protein substances in the maize biomass was exerted by mineral fertilizers, which contribute to the growth of raw protein, on average, by 1.24-1.35% compared to the non-maneuverable agrophone. There is a tendency to increase the protein content of biomass during foliar processing of corn plants. From the use of complex fertilizers with trace elements, the protein collection increased by 6.5-26.5 %. Depending on the agrophone and the complex fertilizers used, no significant changes in the content of raw fiber were detected. Non-root treatment with fertilizers with trace elements contributed to obtaining a greater yield of exchange energy, compared with the options without foliar treatment of crops, the increase was 3.4-15.5% on fertilized, and 13.5-24.5% on non − fertilized agricultural backgrounds. In all the studied agrophones, the advantage of non-root treatment with Cytovite was revealed in terms of the output of exchange energy. The use of ECOFUS is slightly inferior to it in terms of efficiency.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN CATS WITH ACUTE BACTERIAL CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS
Authors:   Luhansk National Agrarian University, Usenko D.S. , Rudenko A.A. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Rudenko P.A., ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K.I. Scriabin, Rudenko A.F. ,   Luhansk National Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

The development of an inflammatory process in the liver tissue and bile ducts in cats is a frequent and severe pathology that requires early diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It is shown that the diagnostic approach for feline cholangiohepatitis should be comprehensive and based on a thorough analysis of anamnestic data, the results of physical examination and additional methods of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics. It is important in the diagnosis of cholangiohepatitis in cats to conduct visual diagnostic methods, in particular ultrasonography. It is established that the method of ultrasonographic diagnostics is of high value in the verification of acute cholangiohepatitis in domestic cats. Hepatomegaly was detected in 23.5% of sick cats, the severity of this sign positively correlated with the severity of the course of cholangiohepatitis. Microhepathy in patients with feline cholangiohepatitis was observed with a frequency of 5.9%, hyperechogenicity of the liver – 17.6%, hypoechogenicity of the liver – 7.8%, dilatation of the bile ducts – 23.5%, thickening of the gallbladder wall – 9.8%, pathological echogenicity of the gallbladder wall – 3.9%, echogenic debris in the gallbladder cavity – 32.4%, change in the echogenicity of the pancreas - 31.4%, increase in the size of the pancreas – 15.7%, thickening of the duodenal wall – 11.8%, pathological layering of the duodenal wall – 7.8%, hyperechogenicity of parapancreatic fat – 5.9%, peritoneal effusion – 5.9%.
ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMBATING EDEMAGENOSIS AND ANTHRAX OF REINDEER
Authors:   Institute of Agrobiotechnologies named after A.V. Zhuravsky - Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazanovsky E.S. , Tarabukina T.V. ,   Institute of Agrobiotechnologies named after A.V. Zhuravsky - Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Reindeer husbandry is one of the leading branches of animal husbandry in the Far North of the Russian Federation and serves as the main source of life and employment for the local population. Anti-anthrax vaccinations of almost all deer are carried out annually, since immunity persists in the body for 12 months, and the spores of the pathogen of anthrax can persist in the external environment for many decades, especially in the “permafrost " zone. Therefore, vaccination of deer should continue as long as reindeer husbandry exists. Vaccination is carried out in early summer or autumn. At the same time, the pc vaccine has been successfully used recently.55 VNIIVViM. The purpose of the work is to conduct research to develop a method for creating a composition of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against edemagenosis and anthrax of reindeer on the basis of new iver -, avermectins and anti-ulcer vaccine pcs. 55 VNIIVViM. Data on the results of screening of means and methods of combating the dominant diseases of reindeer are obtained from archival materials, publications of relevant scientific developments and research in recent years. The research is carried out in close creative cooperation and with the direct participation of employees of the VNIIVViM anthrax laboratory (Selyaninov Yu. O., Grekhova N. V.). Experiments on deer are carried out in reindeer breeding farms of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The results of all conducted tests of the association of drugs are issued by the relevant acts. Mass one-time antiepizootic treatment of deer provides 100% protection of livestock from an outbreak of anthrax. In addition, due to the destruction of parasitic larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly, the income of reindeer farms increases by 27-30% (up to about 3 thousand rubles per deer from the slaughter contingent). In the Komi Republic, this is determined by the amount of 6-8 million rubles annually.
MPROVING THE WORK OF RUSSIAN REGIONAL VETERINARY SERVICES TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF PLAGUE OF SMALL RUMINANTS USING GIS TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo L.P. , Agoltsov V.A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Abramov R.V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

Small ruminant plague (SRP) is a highly contagious, cross-border disease. The pathogenic agent of the plague can infect up to 100 % of susceptible animal species. The infectious pathology under consideration has never been registered in our country, but it causes catastrophic economic losses to small-scale cattle breeding in countries bordering the Russian Federation. Mortality from this disease in the foci of primary occurrence can reach 100%, and in stationary unfavorable geographical objects-up to 50.0 %. Thus, in epizootological mapping, the practical application of GIS is associated with the display of significant information for veterinary medicine on maps in dynamics. Due to the active introduction of geoinformation technologies in epizootology, which allow working with a large amount of data in real time, the process of creating epizootological maps becomes less labor-intensive. The possibilities of changing vector and raster information, a wide range of tools for managing databases make them the optimal tool used in cartography. As a measure to improve the work of regional veterinary services on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is proposed to create a structural unit on the basis of the veterinary services of the subjects, in which a department for working with GIS technologies will function. The purpose of the functioning of this unit is to monitor the epizootic situation for infectious animal diseases, including emergent cross-border infections (SRP, etc.) using digital cartography. This will allow for more complete epizootological control and supervision of cross-border infectious diseases, including SRP. If it appears on the territory of the Russian Federation, the use of GIS technologies will significantly facilitate the solution of the problem of its elimination.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF FEEDING OF THE TUSHINSKY BREED SUYAGNY QUEENS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SKIN OF THE OFFSPRING AT BIRTH
Authors:   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Gogaev O. K. , Demurova A. R. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Nakonechny Yu. V. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

Feeding during the suyagny period is crucial in obtaining strong and healthy offspring. In 2018-2020, in the peasant farm "Dzhigkaev Valery Sergeevich" of the Ardon district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the influence of the feeding level of suyag queens on the morphological indicators of offspring was studied. For the experiment, after the end of the breeding company, 120 queens of the Tushinsky breed were selected, going to the third lambing, which were divided into 4 groups of 30 heads each. The sheep of the control group received a household ration compiled in accordance with the norms of the VIZ. The diet of sheep of the second, third and fourth groups was increased in total nutrition by 10, 15 and 20%, respectively, compared with the diet of the control group. During lambing, five heads of sheep and young sheep were selected, in which morphological parameters of the skin were studied, according to preparations made from lambs ' skin samples taken from 5 heads from each group. It was found that as a result of the increased level of feeding of queens during the dry period, there was an increase in the thickness of the skin and its layers, the depth of the hair follicles, the diameter of the bundles of collagen fibers. The different level of feeding of the queens during the suyag period did not affect the number of hair follicles laid in the skin of newborn lambs. At the same time, the number of formed wool fibers of newborn lambs depends on the level of feeding of their mothers during the fruiting period. The greatest number of rudimentary follicles in the hair or on the unit area of skin (43,1 – 44,2%) had lambs received from Queens, who was in the business environment of feeding level, the lowest – in lambs whose mothers received by 15 and 20% more nutrients in the diet that is high feeding level (28,9 – 34,2%).
version:	PREBIOTIC DRUG "KORMOMIX MOS" IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF RAISING YOUNG SHEEP
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Biryukov O. I.
Published: March 2022

The results of the use of the prebiotic drug "Kormomix MOS", when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age in semi-desert conditions are presented. During the period of the lambing campaign, two groups of queens with sheep aged 30 days were formed in the flock of sheep. Lambs were selected according to the method of analogues of 20 heads in each group. For separate feeding of lambs inside the sakman cages made of wooden shields, "canteens" with an area of 15 m2 were equipped. The prebiotic drug "Kormomix-MOS" is 5 g per head per day for 30 days. Its positive effect on the increase in live weight and meat productivity has been established. According to the live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental group over the control ones was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P>0.999). The experienced animals had the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the excess was 5.2%, according to the mass of chilled carcasses, the advantage was 1.16 kg (8.3%), respectively. The lethal yield was also 42.2 % in the experimental group, and it was 41.13% in the control group, respectively. The analysis of the yield of cuts by varieties also indicates that in the carcasses of animals of the II experimental group, the yield of first – class cuts-hip, lumbar and shoulder-spinal, was greater than in the control ones by 0.5%. In terms of morphological composition, the carcasses of group II sheep exceeded the control in terms of the yield of edible parts (pulp) by 0.91%, the meat content coefficient - by 0.06 and the area of the muscle eye – by 0.21 cm2 or 2.1%. When cutting carcasses into anatomical cuts, the advantage of experimental animals over control animals was also established. The average shoulder-spinal cut in the group of experimental animals was 6.57 kg, and the hip cut was 4.29 kg, which exceeded the control ones by 8.2% and 8.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found for the remaining cuts. The mass of the internal organs of the experimental animals was generally greater than that of the control animals, but there was no statistical difference.
MONITORING OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE KRYUKOVSKAYA IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE ABINSK REGION USING LASER SCANNING METHODS
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Solodunov A. A. , Bandurin M. A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Sarksyan L. D. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Lukyanova M. S. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: March 2022

At this stage of agricultural development, Russia is in many ways inferior to other countries. This is manifested, first of all, with the underdevelopment of industry and shortcomings in the technologies for the development of agriculture. Considering one of the activities in agriculture, namely rice growing, it is worth noting that relatively recently, in the 80s of the last century, the Kuban, as one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, achieved maximum success in the development of irrigation systems for rice cultivation. But at this time, there is enough area for rice cultivation to meet both internal and external needs, which is good news, but at the same time another problem arises related to the constant decrease in water resources. Accordingly, the timely elimination of problems in the irrigation system will lead to the improvement of the irrigation system. The challenge is to reduce unnecessary water loss during irrigation in rice cultivation. The economic support for the maintenance of irrigation system technology in Russia leaves much to be desired. Because of this, in numerous cases, individual parts of the irrigation system are subject to repair, but not the reconstruction of the main canals, or even the construction of new systems. The article deals with modern issues of monitoring the technical condition of the Kryukovskaya irrigation system of the Abinsk region using laser scanning methods. The results of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to improve the monitoring of the technical condition of the elements of irrigation systems are presented. Today, the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kubanmeliovodkhoz Administration" does not have the technical capabilities and resources as in the 70-80s of the last century, but at the same time, responsibility has only increased over the years, both pumping stations, mechanical equipment, partitioning structures, as well as inter-farm and on-farm channels. Many elements need to be replaced, as they have exhausted their operational resource, designed for thirty years of operation. Irrational organization of water management leads to significant losses of water, energy and material and technical resources. The stages of using modern unmanned aerial vehicles for examining the elements of irrigation systems are considered.
RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT IN MATTERS OF MELIORATIVE AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Fedyunina T. V. , Gorbacheva M. P. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

According to the open access data of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr), as of January 1, 2020, the area of the land fund in the administrative units of the Russian Federation amounted to 1,712,519.1 thousand hectares (directly in the Saratov region - 10,124.0 thousand hectares) , in the structure of which agricultural land occupies 22.29% and 85.43%, respectively. In the composition of agricultural lands of the region, agricultural lands are dominated by processing and cultivation of crops, with an area in the structure of 95.6%. These analytical data alone allow us to call the Saratov region a dynamically developing agrarian region. However, due to its location, arid climatic zone, it is this aggressive factor that determines the specifics of agricultural production, when the priority direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems. Here we should not forget about the high technogenic load of the reclamation complex, which leads to degradation and loss of soil fertility. Within the framework of this study, methodological and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the directions for the development of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems, taking into account the provisions of rational nature management, are analyzed.
CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE ANNUAL CLOVER OF ALEXANDRIA (TRIFOLIUM ALEXANDRINUM)
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Datieva I. A.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the results of studies of a new technology developed by us for the cultivation of an annual crop of Alexandrian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), which includes the method of pre-sowing seed treatment with different terms and methods of sowing. Recently, along with agrotechnical measures to stabilize crop production, there is a need to cultivate non-traditional crops useful for human nutrition and health, and annual legumes play an important role in this process. A short vegetation cycle and intensive rates of crop formation make it possible to cultivate them in repeated crops in places with a favorable bioclimatic potential. Annual fodder grasses have a variety of uses and purposes. In the zone of sufficient moisture, these are good fallow-occupying crops. Annual leguminous grasses play an important role in creating a solid forage base: in summer they are the main source of green fodder production, they are used for making hay, haylage, silage, concentrated fodder in the form of grass meal, cutting, full-ration briquettes and granules; annual legumes can also be used as a concentrated feed in the form of grains. Harvesting grasses in the early phases of vegetation and with multi-cutting using artificial drying makes it possible to obtain fodder that is not inferior in total calorie content to oats and barley, and significantly exceeds them in protein content. Annual grasses are distinguished by a great diversity in terms of agrobiological features: they are widely used as preliminary crops on lands of radical improvement and as links in a pasture conveyor. The studies carried out by us over four years (2017-2020) revealed that the presowing treatment of Alexandrian clover seeds with double and triple mixtures of PABA, krezatsin and chicory infusion (against the background of preliminary stratification) provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly way of presowing stimulation of Alexandrian clover seeds with simultaneous hardening, adaptation and selection of the best species for use in a particular region, it is advisable to sow clover for seeds with a row spacing of 50 cm and a seeding rate of 6 kg/ha, and the optimal sowing time is the beginning of March and the first ten days of September.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION DEPENDING ON SOWING TIME
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kelekhsashvili L. M.
Published: March 2022

The growth of soybean production and the expansion of the range of this crop should be accompanied by its comprehensive study. soybean production is constrained to a large extent by its low yield, including in North Ossetia-Alania. It is necessary to overcome a significant gap in terms of yields in scientific institutions and production units. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result of our research, it was revealed that the total energy content on average for 2018-2020. fluctuated within 51.75-68.02 GJ/ha. The energy intensity of protein varied in the range of 22.64-29.70, fat - 18.34-24.24, carbohydrates - 10.77-14.08 GJ/ha. The net energy income by experiment options varied within 4.48-19.06 GJ/ha. The timing of sowing also contributed to an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient and bioenergy coefficient by 0.11-0.28. The energy cost of 1 ton of seeds decreased by 1.6-4.1 GJ/t, protein - by 4.1-10.5 GJ/t. The highest costs were noted in the third sowing period, the lowest - in the first. The cost of 1 centner of products was equal to 1020.1-1188.5 rubles, and the cost of the obtained crop was 49000-63800 rubles/ha. Profit from the sale of the highest was noted in the third sowing period - 31,260 rubles. with a profitability level of 96.1%, the lowest - in the first sowing period with a profitability level of 69.4%.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR FERMENTED MILK ICE CREAM WITH PHYTOCOMPONENTS
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Shirokova N. V. , Kozlikin A. V. ,   Don State Agrarian University, Demyanova T. V. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

Recently, the prevention of the spread of alimentary-related diseases is the development and active introduction of functional dairy products using phytocomponents into the population's nutrition structure. Recently, the consumer market for domestic dairy products has changed dramatically. Manufacturers offer the population a diverse range of food products, which differ in chemical composition, functional purpose and consumer properties. The development of fermented milk ice cream technology is an important direction, since fermented milk products are essential sources of nutrients. Experimental studies were carried out at the Department of Food Technologies and Commodity Science of the Don State Agrarian University. The possibility of using phytocomponents in the production of sour-milk ice cream has been theoretically and practically substantiated, a technological scheme for the production of a sour-milk product has been developed, and the sequence of adding dry herbal ingredients has been determined. As a result of the organoleptic evaluation, it was revealed that the organoleptic characteristics of sour-milk ice cream are quite harmonious, the addition of phytocomponents gives a pleasant taste, smell and color. According to the results of the studies, all indicators comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products". Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that it is expedient to enrich sour-milk ice cream with phytocomponents of plant origin.
CONSOLIDATION OF BONE FRACTURES IN DOGS AND CATS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Artemiev D. A. , Kozlov S. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Loshchinin S. O. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Egunova A. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

Fracture healing is an essential physiological process that determines quality of life as well as survival. Non-closure of the fracture determines significant limitations in the function of the musculoskeletal system. Deformities formed after fractures due to non-anatomical reposition of bone fragments, for example, reduction or curvature of a limb, determine pronounced limitations of biomechanical movements and capabilities. The ultimate goal is to consolidate the fracture with full return of bone strength as before the fracture. Quite a unique biological and physiological process, significantly long in time. The short phase of endochondral formation of superficial callus is replaced by a long phase of bone remodeling (remodeling). In the process of formation of endochondral callus, there is a possibility of non-fusion of bone fragments with the possibility of recurrence of the fracture. This review summarizes the available data on fracture consolidation in dogs and cats, looking at aspects related to classic, primary healing and what affects the rate of healing. Also aspects of delayed consolidation are: significant mobility due to unstable immobilization in case of bone fracture; the presence of a large diastasis between bone fragments; multifragmented fractures; decreased and impaired blood supply to the bones; possible infection in the fracture zone and concomitant systemic diseases in animals. As a result, the consolidation algorithm is quite complex and lengthy; it characterizes an increase in the number of cells capable of forming bone and connective tissue - osteoblasts and fibroblasts, respectively. Due to the formation of special substances by these cellular structures, all layers of the bone mature and its integrity is restored with the restoration of the musculoskeletal function.
MORPHOLOGY OF RABBIT HEPATIC VEINS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Manakov A. M. , Zavaleeva S. M. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: March 2022

This article describes the features of the topography, drainage zones and the nature of the branching of the hepatic veins in the domestic rabbit. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Biology and Soil Science of the Orenburg State University in the period 2020-2021. To study the venous outflow from the liver, sexually mature (six to seven months old) rabbits of the Butterfly breed were used. For this purpose, corrosive preparations of the hepatic veins (n=15) were obtained. To fill the venous system, Sherwin Williams Promar 400 latex paint was used. Corrosion was carried out in a 20-25% hydrochloric acid solution for seven days. The length and diameter of the vessels, the angles of their confluence and divergence were subjected to measurements. The obtained morphometric data were statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel program. Statistical study consisted in the construction of variational series, the determination of average values, the coefficient of reliability of the difference in average values. During the study, it was found that venous drainage is carried out through four independent hepatic veins, which form according to the main type and flow into the caudal vena cava. The caudate process of the caudate lobe and the left lateral lobe have independent venous vessels. The remaining lobes have common efferent venous trunks and have intraorgan communications within the main lobes. Morphometric parameters indicate the predominant development of the middle (4.48±0.18 mm) and left (1.51±0.11 mm) hepatic veins. It was determined that the drainage of each lobe is carried out by three veins of the third order, forming a three-level system of vascularization. The mastoid and caudate processes of the caudate lobe have different blood outflow systems that are not interconnected.
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE OVARIES OF FEMALE WHITE RATS DURING PUBERTY
Authors:   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evsevyeva, Dudenkova N. A. , Shubina O. S. ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evsevyeva, Bardin V. S. ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evsevyeva
Published: March 2022

The relevance of our study is due to the high frequency and prevalence of such a female disease as infertility, which can lead to various developments of fetal pathologies. All this can be incorporated in the very nature of germ cells, but also arise in the course of their formation and maturation. The aim of this study is to study the histological parameters of the ovaries of nulliparous white rats in the postnatal period. As an object of study in our work, we used female white sexually mature rats of the line at the age of 2–3 months and weighing about 200–250 g. The rats were kept in a standard vivarium and were not subjected to pathological effects. The material of histological examination was the ovaries at the stage of diestrus. Smears and tissue samples were examined using an Axio Imager.M2 digital microscope (ZEISS, Japan) with AxioVision SE64 Rel image analysis software. 4.8.3 and ZEN 2011. In the course of our studies, we noted that at the stage of diestrus in the ovarian cortex, follicles are at different stages of development: from primordial follicles and up to mature graphite vesicles. Atretic follicles are also revealed. The connective tissue stroma forms the basis of the ovary and is located between the follicles. In the ovaries of female white rats, yellow bodies of menstruation were found, which always form after ovulation of a mature mature follicle. The detected menstrual corpus luteum in the cortical substance of the ovary are evenly distributed. The revealed histological features of the structure of the ovaries of female white rats prove the sexual maturity of the experimental animals.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF TRADITIONAL TUVAN NATIONAL MEAT PRODUCTS (OFFAL)
Authors:   Tuva State University, Sat Ch. M. , Seden D. L. ,   Tuva State University, Oorzhak E. Sh. ,   Tuva State University
Published: March 2022

The study of veterinary and sanitary examination of by-products used for the manufacture of traditional national Tuvan dishes. The work was carried out in the Kyzyl-Mazhalyk inter-skin veterinary laboratory. Material for research - by-products of the 1st category (liver, kidneys and spleen) and 2nd category (rumen, colon and jejunum), obtained from small ruminants. The conditions for conducting organoleptic studies consisted in the study of offal samples obtained 2 hours after the slaughter of animals and on the 6th day of storage. Temperature regime of offal samples storage: +4 °С. Changes in organoleptic characteristics, confirming the spoilage of by-products, were detected on the 6th day in the rumen and intestines when stored refrigerated under similar conditions. The appearance did not raise doubts about the ongoing changes: consistency, smell (putrid, sour-putrid), the presence of a cloudy broth. The use of laboratory research methods contributed to the reliable detection of changes at the earliest stages of spoilage of by-products and confirmed the severity of changes determined by external examination. The use of laboratory research methods is a promising direction for monitoring the safety of by-products used in nutrition; When conducting research by organoleptic methods, it was noted that primary changes are detected in samples of by-products of the 2nd category on the 6th day of storage; The type of by-product determines the transparency parameter of the broth obtained when the sample is boiled; The results of the conducted studies once again confirm that the quality of by-products depends on the terms and conditions of storage.
ISSUES OF OPTIMIZING THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES WHEN PLANNING LAND RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES IN THE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Prikhodko I. A. , Bandurin M. A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Safronova T. I. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Stepanov V. I. ,   Altai Institute of Economics and Law (until 2019)
Published: March 2022

Rice is the most important crop in ensuring Russia's food security. The current stage of rice production is associated with high costs of resources, including water. The main “tool” for rice production is rice irrigation systems. Optimization of rice production should be based on taking into account the factors and parameters of rice cultivation and take into account the best practices of the leading rice-growing countries and the level of scientific and technological progress. The main difficulty in developing new resource-saving technologies lies in the balanced management of available resources. Such management is possible only when taking into account all the links and interrelations of factors and parameters that affect the final result - productivity. Therefore, to solve the problem of obtaining guaranteed rice yields, it is necessary to solve equations with a number of restrictions and several objective functions. The solution of such problems requires a progressive and multilevel approach using a statistical analysis of the available monitoring data, using the mathematical apparatus implemented in the simulation-optimization mathematical model. Therefore, the presented studies are relevant, and their solution will strengthen the food security of Russia. The main and main task of resource allocation is to reduce the cost of land reclamation activities. The achievement of the set task is solved by implementing the developed environmentally adaptive methodology, including the optimization of reclamation measures, taking into account the uncertainty of the initial information to ensure the effectiveness of management decisions in the rice irrigation system. This approach will allow workers of the agro-industrial complex to make timely management decisions and receive guaranteed yields of high-quality rice grain and rice crop rotation crops.
ISSUES OF OPTIMIZING THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES WHEN PLANNING LAND RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES IN THE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Rudenko A. A. , Bandurin M. A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the issues of assessing the residual life of bridge crossings on main canals under increasing loads on the example of a bridge crossing located between the village of Mikhailovskoye and the Sverdlovsky farm in the Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Ways are proposed that allow timely prevention of negative phenomena, namely defects and damage to the bearing elements of the crossing. With the help of a full-scale survey of the technical condition of a bridge crossing over the main canal, the following defects were identified: wetting of structural elements of load-bearing structures, deep destruction of concrete and the formation of efflorescence and rusty streaks; longitudinal and transverse cracks with an opening width of up to 6 mm, chips and destruction of the protective layer of concrete 15 mm thick on the bearing elements, followed by corrosion of the working reinforcement and loss of section. The concrete strength of the building structures of the bridge crossing over the main canal was tested by ultrasonic surface probing using the Pulsar-2.1 device. The evaluation of the strength parameters of concrete for each tested structure was carried out in the amount of six measurements in a marked place. According to the results of a visual inspection, the technical condition of the bearing elements of the bridge crossing over the main canal is tentatively assessed as emergency. This is explained by the fact that defects and damages were revealed in these structures, indicating the exhaustion of the residual resource. After the results of two methods of surveying the structure, an assessment was made of the technical condition of the bridge crossing over the main canal, followed by recommendations to bring it to suitability and extend further operation. Fixed defects that reduce the bearing capacity, but after analyzing the results obtained during the instrumental examination, the risk of sudden destruction, loss of stability or overturning is completely absent. Further operation of the bridge across the main canal is likely either with conditional control of the technical condition of the supporting structures or during the implementation of the necessary measures for the restoration or strengthening of structures and further control of the technical condition.
INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT
Authors:   Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malkandueva A. Kh. , Kashukoev M. V. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of a study on the effect of seed reproduction on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The studies were carried out in 2015-2018 on the winter common wheat variety Yuzhanka, jointly bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC RAS and the N.N. P. P. Lukyanenko in the conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. In the experiments, changes in the yield structure and grain quality were studied depending on reproduction on the crops of the breeding nursery, superelite, elite, reproductive seeds (1-4) and mass reproduction. According to the studies, the yield structure of the winter soft wheat variety Yuzhanka changed from breeding nursery to mass reproduction. Yield variation on average over the years of research on reproductions was 42.2-48.6 c/ha, with a predominance in the breeding nursery. Such indicators as the number of productive stems from 407 to 342 pcs/m2, grain weight per ear from 1.23 to 1.11 g and weight of 1000 seeds from 41.3 to 38.3 g and other indicators also decreased. The productivity and quality indicators of winter wheat tend to decrease as seeds of different reproductions are used for sowing, that is, from seeds of the breeding nursery to mass reproduction. It should be noted that in adjacent reproductions, the indicators do not differ much. The results of the research showed that as reproduction decreases, the number of grains, the weight of grain from 1 ear and the weight of 1000 seeds. The content of protein and gluten also decreased by 0.6 and 1.0%, respectively, when comparing elite seeds with mass reproduction. The vitreousness of the grain, when using seeds of mass reproductions, decreased by 2.5% compared to the elite.
COTTON BOLLWORM AND STEM CORN BORER ON CORN CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
Authors:   Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shabatukov A. Kh., , Shipsheva Z. L. ,   Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khromova L. M. ,   Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF MAINTAINING THE VARIETY KRASNOSTOP AZOS AND ITS LOAD ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINE FROM IT
Authors:   Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking - branch of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Dergunov A.V.
Published: March 2022

The qualitative characteristics of technical grapes and wine largely depend on the system of this crop. The objects of research were grapes and wine material of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in grafted and own-rooted cultures with variants of different loads of shoots on a bush. The experience of studying the influence of various agrotechnical methods on the productivity of a grape plant and the quality of wine material was laid down in the Anapo-Taman climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia. The largest yield of the Krasnostop AZOS variety during the years of the study was obtained in the variant of own-rooted grape cultivation with its load of 36-40 shoots per bush. In our studies, there is a tendency to increase the sugar content and reduce the titratable acidity of grapes when maintaining vineyards of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in own-rooted culture. The most optimal ratio of sugar content and titratable acidity in the experiment had grapes from the variant of own-rooted culture with a load of shoots of 36-40 pcs/bush. In the studied variants, the largest amount of phenolic substances was found in wine material from own-rooted grapes with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush - 4130 mg/dm3. The maximum total content of substances from a number of biologically active substances was found in wine from grape raw materials obtained from a grafted culture (134.9 - 147.9 mg/dm3). In 2018-2019, from the organoleptic side, wine materials from own-rooted grapes proved to be of the highest quality.
INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A CULTIVATOR WITH RIGHT- AND LEFT-SIDED FLAT-CUTTING PAWS ON SOIL TILLAGE RESISTANCE
Authors:   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov, Babaeva A. V. , Khabibov S. R. ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov
Published: March 2022

The materials of the article discuss the issue of the effectiveness of the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws mounted on a longitudinal base on both sides in a staggered arrangement, with continuous tillage. Analytical dependences were derived reflecting the influence of the design and technological parameters of the proposed design of the cultivator on the resistance of tillage. To confirm the possibility and adequacy of the application of the presented dependences, laboratory and field studies were carried out. The studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 20915-2011, GOST 33687-2015, GOST R 54783-2011. For these purposes, a design was developed that imitates the proposed design of the cultivator. In the course of laboratory studies, it was found that with an increase in the depth of tillage with the right- and left-sided flat-cutting paw of the cultivator, there is a sharp increase in the resistance of tillage and at a tillage depth of 4 cm, the increase was 56.7%, at a depth of 6 cm - 39.1% ; 8 cm - 28.9%; 10 cm - 24.1% and 12 cm - 20.4%. Increasing the speed of tillage by the cultivator of the proposed design also leads to an increase in the resistance of tillage. It was found that by increasing the soil tillage speed to 1.8 m/s, an increase in soil tillage resistance up to 9.4% was recorded, and a further increase in tillage speed leads to a higher increase in soil tillage resistance up to 23.5%. Conducted field tests fully confirmed the results of theoretical and laboratory studies. The comparison of the results of soil tillage resistance performed by the serial cultivator KPS-4.0-0.2 found that it is 9.8% higher compared to the cultivator of the proposed design. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws is effective in tillage.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FOR PEELING CEREAL CROPS
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogareva, Berezin M. A.
Published: March 2022

One of the means of increasing the efficiency of the process equipment may be non-standard use of known technical elements. Modern peeling machines operate using compression and shear, single or multiple impact, continuous abrasion of the casings. When implementing any of these methods, a high degree of peeling with maximum preservation of the integrity of the core remains the main requirement of the technological process. Despite this, the finished product always contains crushed particles. An analysis of literary sources showed that roller machines with rubberized rollers are the most widely used. However, their working coating is short-lived and frequent adjustment of the working gap is required. This leads to the need for periodic repair impacts, which is associated with significant costs of working time. Increasing the convenience and reducing the time spent on maintenance is possible by simplifying the design of the attachment point of the rubber roll to the hub and is an urgent task. The review of patent sources identified the main directions for solving this problem. However, all the considered designs do not have the required level of efficiency. Therefore, the author of the article proposed an original constructive solution to this problem. In the proposed design of the shelling machine roll, rubber O-rings are used as elements connecting and transmitting rotation from the hub to the rubberized roll. The performed calculations prove that the specified ring will ensure tight contact between the hub and the bandage. Thus, annular elastomer seals can be used not only for their intended purpose, but also as power elements for fixed coupling of parts, expanding their scope.