bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Promosi Penjualan, Kenikmatan Berbelanja, Gaya Hidup Online Terhadap Impulsive Buying Masyarakat Muslim Millenial
Authors: Hayatun Nuri
Published: August 2022

ABSTRAK

Adanya sistem jual beli online telah mendorong terjadinya pembelian impulsif Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh promosi penjualan, kenikmatan berbelanja dan gaya hidup online terhadap impulsive buying. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah generasi millennial yang berdomisili di Kota Banda Aceh pengguna aplikasi Shopee dengan penarikan sampel menjadi seratus responden. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling berbasis Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan bantuan aplikasi SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi penjualan berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap kenikmatan berbelanja, kenikmatan berbelanja berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap impulsive buying. Gaya hidup online berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap kenikmatan berbelanja, kemudian promosi penjualan berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap impulsive buying dengan kenikmatan berbelanja sebagai variabel intervening, serta gaya hidup online juga berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap impulsive buying dengan kenikmatan berbelanja sebagai variabel intervening.

Kata Kunci: Promosi Penjualan, Kenikmatan Berbelanja, Gaya Hidup Online, SEM-PLS
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS PUPUK UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Authors: Nanda Vidasari  , Arif Sardi  , Rosmeri
Published: August 2022

Kangkung merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Kandungan utama yang terdapat di dalam sayur kangkung adalah zat besi yang berguna untuk pertumbuhan dan kesehatan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk urea terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung dan mengetahui dosis pupuk urea yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu U0 (Kontrol) = 0 gr urea/ polybag, U1 = 0,5 gr urea/polybag, U2 = 1 gr urea/polybag, dan U3 = 1,5 gr urea/polybag dengan 4 kali pengulangan pada masing masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah helaian daun      tanaman kangkung pada dosis U0 (Kontrol) dengan perlakuan U3. Untuk pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung pada berbagai dosis pupuk urea didapatkan hasil pengukuran rata-rata pertumbuhan dapat dilihat pada 7 HST untuk perlakuan U0 (Kontrol) didapatkan tinggi batang yaitu 22,8 cm, dan helaian daun 45. Tinggi tanaman  pada perlakuan U3 didapatkan hasil tinggi tanaman 21,6 cm dan jumlah helaian daun 50. Pengamatan pertumbuhan tanamn kangkung pada hari ke 29 HST didapatkan hasil rata – rata pertumbuhan tanamn kangkung, pada perlakuan U0 (Kontrol) didapatkan hasil tinggi tanaman 140,08 cm, dan jumlah helaian daun 83,75. Sedangkan pada perlakuan U3 didapatkan hasil rata – ratatinggi tanaman 182,025 cm dan jumlah helaian daun 102,5.

Kata kunci: tanaman kangkung, dosis, pupuk urea
POTENTIAL OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA FROM MANGROVE RHIZOSFER EFFECT PLANT GROWTH CORN (Zea mays)
Authors: Nanda Anastia  , Syafrina Sari Lubis
Published: August 2022

Mangroves are an ecosystem that is inhabited by various kinds of organisms and microorganisms, one of which is phosphate solubilizing bacteria that can be isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) aimed to obtain isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and test the potential for the growth of corn plants. There were 9 isolates of gram positive BPF and 1 gram negative BPF, all isolates were rod-shaped. The results of morphological and biochemical tests showed that 9 bacterial isolates are a group of the genus Bacillus with the code LSP 1, LSP 2, LSP 3, LSP 4, LSP 5, LSP 7, LSP 8, LSP 9, LSP 10 and the genus Pseudomonas with the code LSP 6 . Testing the value of the phosphate solubility index (IKF) found bacteria with the highest IKF values ​​of 33 mm and 23.25 with isolate codes LSP 1 and LSP 6. Medium IKF values ​​are 17.8 mm and 11.6 mm with isolate codes LSP 3 and LSP 5. The lowest IKF values ​​were 7.33 mm, 6.4 mm, 5 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.2 mm and 2.8 mm with isolate codes LSP 2, LSP 10, LSP 7, LSP 8, LSP 9, and LSP 4. Bacterial isolates with the highest IKF values ​​were inoculated on soil media for corn crop growth.  LSP 1 bacteria was able to significantly affect the growth of corn plant height by 27.7 cm.

Keywords: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (BPF), Mangroves, Corn Plants
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomea aquatic Forks) PADA SISTEM HIDROPONIK NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT) NAKASIPAN DINAS PANGAN ACEH
Authors: Lisda Ariyanti  , Purwana Satriyo  , Lina Rahmawati
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami tentangpertumbuhan tanaman kangkung air (ipomea aquatic forks) menggunakansistem hidroponik Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). Hasil pengamatan yangtelah dilakukan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung dilihat dari parametertinggi tanaman dan jumlah helai daun dengan menggunakan 10 tanamandihitung tinggi batang dan 10 tanaman dihitung jumlah helai daun,kangkung yang tertinggi terdapat pada tanaman ke 3 mencapai tinggi 68 cmdan tanaman terendah terdapat tanaman ke 1 mencapai 55 cm. Sedangkanparameter pengukuran jumlah helai daun yang banyak terdapat tanaman ke10 dengan jumlah daun 74 helai daun dan daun yang sedikit terdapat padatanaman ke 1 dengan jumlah daun 55 helai daun. Berdasarkan hasil tersebutdapat disimpulkan bahwa, perbedaan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah helai daundapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, udara dan cahayadapat juga dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi yang bersirkulasi tidak dapat diserapoleh akar dengan baik.
Analisis Kualitatif Kandungan Merkuri pada Krim PemutihWajah Mahasiswa Biologi
Authors: Ayu Nirmala Sari  , Sanasti Marwah  , Syarifah Ira Mefrina
Published: August 2022

Krim pemutih adalah campuran bahan kimia atau bahan lainnya dengan khasiat bisa memutihkan atau memucatkan noda hitam pada kulit (wajah). Namun sayangnya telah banyak beredar di masyarakat khususnya wajah yangmengandung zat atau bahan kimia berbahaya seperti merkuri. Merkuridisebut juga dengan air raksa atau hydrargyrum yang merupakan elemen kimia dengan simbol Hg dan termasuk dalam golongan logam berat dengan bentuk cair dan berwarna keperakan. Pemakaian merkuri dalam krim pemutih dapat menimbulkan berbagai hal, yaitu mulai dari perubahan warna pada kulit wajah dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan bintik-bintik hitampada kulit, iritasi, alergi, serta pada pemakaian dengan dosis yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan muntah-muntah, diare dan kerusakan paru-paru serta merupakan zat karsinogenik atau dapat menyebabkan kanker pada manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeteksikeberadaan kandungan merkuri pada krim pemutih wajah yang dipakaimahasiswa. Sampel krim pemutih wajah yang diteliti sebanyak 30 sampel.Identifikasi merkuri dengan mengunakan kit uji merkuri merek Labstestdilakukan pada 38 sampel krim pemutih wajah. Hasil analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa 32 sampel krim wajah negatif mengandung merkuri dan terdapat 6 sampel krim wajah yang terdeteksi mengandung merkuri dengan adanya perubahan warna menjadi abu-abu tua dan hitam kehijauan, yaitu sampel dengan kode M.WG, M.Cit, M.He, M.CK, M.P dan M.Clgn.
KARAKTERISASI MIKROFUNGI PATOGEN PADA BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) ASAL LAMNO DENGAN METODE BLOTTER TEST
Authors: Syafrina Sari Lubis  , M. Ikbal A
Published: August 2022

Mikrofungi patogen dapat menyerang biji kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) pada pohon dan gudang penyimpanan. Mikrofungi dapat merusak dan menurunkan kualitas biji kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikrofungi patogen pada biji kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) yang berasal dari pohon dan gudang penyimpanan di Lamno dengan menggunakan metode Blotter test. Sampel biji kopi robusta (Coffea conephora) yang diambil pada pohon dan gudang penyimpanan. Biji kopi yang dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri yang telah berisi kertas saring sebanyak 3 lembar dan telah dibasahi dengan aquadest steril. Cawan petri yang telah berisi biji kopi diinkubasi selama 7 hari dengan pengaturan 12 jam terang dan 12 jam gelap. Mikrofungi yang tumbuh kemudian dipisahkan dan dimurnikan dengan media PDA. Hasil karakterisasi diperoleh 15 isolat mikrofungi patogen pada sampel biji kopi yang berasal dari pohon terdiridari 2 genus yaitu Aspergillus sp. dan Cephalosporium sp. dan 1 spesies yaitu Aspergillus niger. Sedangkan pada sampel biji kopi yang berasal dari gudang terdapat 12 isolat mikrofungi patogen yang terdiri dari 2 genus yaitu Aspergillus sp. dan Cephalosporium sp. dan 2 spesies yaitu Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus flavus.
IDENTIFIKASI METHANIL YELLOW PADA JAJANAN SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN SYIAH KUALA, DARUSSALAM, KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Ayu Nirmala Sari  , Ridwan Sahputra  , Dhiyaul Falah
Published: August 2022

Methaniyl yellow merupakan zat pewarna sintetis berwarna kuning kecoklatan, bentuknya berupa serbuk, dapat menimbulkan keracunan, merusak sistem jaringan hati, kanker dan kandung kemih. Zat pewarna ini banyak digunakan dalam makanan dan minuman karena membuat tampilan makanan dan minuman menjadi lebih menarik sehingga lebih menarik minat pembeli. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat kandungan methanyl yellow pada jajanan yang dijual di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif dengan spot test yaitu analisa kimia dengan menggunakan reagen kit. Sebanyak 30 sampel jajanan dengan jenis berbeda dari Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kecamatan Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Kota Banda Aceh, yang diuji tidak menunjukkan hasil perubahan warna menjadi warna merah, merah tua atau merah keunguan sehingga sampel tersebut negatif mengandung Methanyl yellow dan aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh siswa-siswi.
مشكلات تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Rahmati Suci , Muslim Buhori , Mubshirah Dara
Published: August 2022

Arabic language learning purposes to encourage, guide, develop, and enhance Arabic languages.Skills included listening, speaking, reading and writing. In the fact, the Arabic language learning has some problems. The aim of this study is to analyze various problems in learning of Arabic language. The method used in this study is descriptive methode, which is a study that collects data in the form of words and picture without number. The results of this study indicate that two big problems in learning Arabic language, there are linguistic problems and non linguistic problems. The linguistic problems included sound, vocabularies, structure and writing. Non-linguistic problems included teachers, motivaties, fasilities, socio cultural, textbooks, characteristics, methods and times.
مقارنة بين استخدام الأفلام الكرتونية والاغناء العربية لترقية قدرة الطلاب على الاستماع
Authors: Afifah Nurul , Muhammad Ismail , Fadhilah Fadhilah
Published: August 2022

The researcher choose this title because some of students at MTsS Darul Ulum thought if Arabic lesson is difficult and complicated. This because the teacher used old instructional media and made class atmosphere bored. So that makes students don’t like Arabic lesson. Expecially in listening, even though listening is a basic skill that students must have in learning a language. Therefore, researcher wants to use cartoon films and Arabic songs as a instructional media to improve student's listening skill. This study use an experimental method with a quasi-experimental research design. And the researcher took samples from class VIII3 and class VIII4 which amounted to 40 students, 20 students for the experimental cartoon film class and 20 students for the experimental Arabic song class. This study uses test instruments, namely pre-test and post-test, using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques, paired sample T-test, and independent sample T-test using the SPSS 25 program. The results of this research is the use of cartoon films media and Arabic songs are effective in improving student's listening skill. With the results of the paired sample T-test of cartoon film media of -7.958 (sig < 0.05) and the paired sample T-test of song media of -7.764 (sig < 0.05). And there are differences in the use of the two media with the results of the independent sample T-test (Sig 2 tailed) 0.134 (sig > 0.05) where the use of Arabic song media (86.00) is more effective than the use of cartoon film media (82.00) to improve student's listening skill.
PENGUATAN METODE MUBASYAROH TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN KOSA KATA BAHASA ARAB DI LEMBAGA KELOMPOK STUDI KHUSUS (KSK) FATHIMATUZZAHRO’ PAITON PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Adawiyah Yayah Robiatul , Firdaus Sulton , Istibsyaroh Istibsyaroh
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the strengthening of the direct method in learning Arabic vocabulary in the special study group fathimatuzzahro'. The direct method or in Arabic called thoriqoh mubasyaroh is a method used by a teacher to present learning Arabic vocabulary by using a direct introduction to Arabic. The essence of language itself is to speak or speak, so the purpose of learning Arabic vocabulary is that apart from knowing the rules, we are also able to speak. Students are expected not only to master the rules in learning Arabic vocabulary but also to be able to speak the Arabic language that has been studied. With the direct method, students will be tsaught little by little and will be taught by the teacher a habituation in Arabic. In principle, the direct method is very important for students in learning Arabic vocabulary because it will train their language skills in speaking Arabic. This study uses a descriptive research model with a case study method which is a qualitative research. This means that information from various sources/informants is presented in the form of words and language in a special natural context. With this method, students will find it easy topronounce Arabic vocabulary using good lahjah.
تطور تعليم اللغة العربية بولاية أتشيه
Authors: Badruzzaman Badruzzaman
Published: August 2022

Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia where the majority of the population is Muslim. Islam and Arabic are like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated from each other, when Islam coming to Indonesia, started from province of Aceh, Arabic language developed with the beginning of Islam, Muslims had to learn the Arabic language to explore their religion. In this article, tries to describe the development of teaching Arabic in Aceh.
Uso del lenguaje coloquial como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje situado de la química en el contexto socioeducativo rural
Authors: Galvis-Jácome Magaly
Published: August 2022

Poner la química en contexto comprende una de las estrategias pedagógicas para facilitar su proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje al establecer conexiones entre los conceptos propios de la asignatura y aspectos de la vida cotidiana. El presente artículo muestra una revisión sobre la forma en que otros autores han abordado la enseñanza contextualizada de las ciencias desde sus entornos, describiendo, a su vez, una experiencia pedagógica ejecutada en el marco de una secuencia didáctica que fue aplicada en el contexto socioeducativo rural de los estudiantes del Colegio Ecológico de Floridablanca (Santander), con la intención de estudiar los principios de la química en un ámbito real y teniendo como eje articulador, el lenguaje coloquial. Los datos, obtenidos mediante observación, dan cuenta que el análisis de la expresión «somos como agua y aceite», encaminó a los estudiantes de una forma práctica hacia el estudio y comprensión de los conceptos de tipos de enlace químico, principios de solubilidad y densidad. De este modo, el lenguaje coloquial constituye una herramienta potencializadora para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje situado de las ciencias que posibilita la articulación entre los nuevos conocimientos y aspectos propios del entorno en el cual se desarrolla el proceso educativo.
Comparison of Imbalanced Data Methods on Logistics Regression (Case Study: Poverty in Indonesia In 2018)
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson
Published: August 2022

Poverty is still one of the main problems in economic development and inequality, unemployment, and economic growth. This study aims to model poverty directly by using a discrete choice model using binomial regression. The data used is imbalanced data, where one of the value categories is relatively small. In this study, the logistic regression method applies several resample techniques. They include undersampling, oversampling, a combination of both, and Cost-Sensitive Learning (CSL). The results obtained that both sampling techniques provide optimal results when viewed from the indicators of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC. In addition, the results show that in households in rural areas, the head of the household is female, unmarried, has low education, married at an early/old age, and has a large household size, has a greater chance of being poor than other categories. So that targeted and comprehensive policy is needed so that the poverty rate can continue to be reduced and welfare increases
WORKSHOPS AS A TOOL FOR EDUCATION IN MODERN HERITAGE CONSERVATION: 1st INTERNATIONAL DOCOMOMO WORKSHOP IN ATAKÖY, ISTANBUL, 2006.
Authors: OMAY POLAT Ebru , YÖNEY Nilüfer
Published: August 2022

The first international student workshop “How To Preserve A Housing Utopia: The Documentation and Sustainability of Modern Heritage, Case Study: Ataköy – Istanbul”, organized in connection with the IX. DOCOMOMO International Conference, was held in Istanbul on September 18-26, 2006 prior to the conference. The proposed study area is one of Istanbul’s first suburban mass housing zones: Ataköy is selected for its urban and architectural features and because of the need for re-evaluating these features as part of the Modern Movement heritage. The initial steps of this project, Phases I and II are today iconic examples of urban planning and architecture of the late 1950s and 1960’s. DOCOMOMO and intended to be presented to a emerging professionals formed of graduate students. From 11 different universities, ca. 100 participants were involved. The documentation and conservation problem was discussed with a focus on defining ideas and clues in different scales and with an interdisciplinary approach for Ataköy Phases I and II. This article aims to evaluate the workshop experience and to give information about the content, methodology and outcomes of the workshop as a tool for education and training in modern heritage conservation.
MİRASIN KORUNMASINDA EĞİTİM VE ÖĞRETİM
Authors: JOKILEHTO Jukka
Published: August 2022

This article has been prepared by the invitation of the ICOMOS Turkey Education Committee to share the author's personal experiences in education and training. Here, a significant emphasis is placed on the author's experience at ICCROM from 1971 to 1998. There are several reasons for this. The Second World War provided an important additional input to international developments in education and training, and ICCROM became a focal point in the process. The ICCROM was created by UNESCO to not only advise on conservation principles and approaches, but also – and perhaps more specifically – to advise on the development of international educational models in the conservation of different types of heritage resources. In this paper, the historical development of educational activities in the field of cultural heritage is analyzed with a comprehensive and detailed approach based on the author's personal experience, under the titles of 'Bases in ICCROM', 'Contribution to the Educational Guide', 'World Heritage Consulting'. It is hoped that it will shed light on the future. Recognition of heritage requires awareness, knowledge and hard work, so collaboration with building owners is needed as well as with managers and experts. In order to secure sustainable management for their heritage, it is necessary to understand what a 'heritage community' expects.
Reactive thrombocytosis with severe anemia and infection in a Sudanese patient: A case report
Authors: Muhammed Zainab Alghali Elsaid , Alfatih Mohammed , Babiker Ashraf , Aldau Khadeega , mohamed Mona , Hajali Hamza , Gharbawi Maysam , Shaban Mohannad Abdalfdeel Almahie , Ahmed Abdellatif
Published: August 2022

Secondary thrombocytosis, also known as reactive thrombocytosis defined
as an abnormally high platelet count due to underlying events, disease,
or the use of certain medications. We report a case of 20 years old
Sudanese female with high-grade fever, right iliac fossa pain and a past
history of undiagnosed anemia.
Gilteritinib-induced severe immune-related enteritis: a possible case report
Authors: Luo Pan , Qiu Huiyin , Yang Yushan , Wu Jiaqi , Song Xianmin , Fan Guorong , Liu Gaolin , Gao Junwei
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a 49-year-old woman who diagnosed with acute
myeloid leukaemia (AML) harbouring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)
mutations developed a severe suspected immune-related enteritis during
treatment with gilteritinib for maintenance therapy following
allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). According to the
results of Naranjo probability scale, gilteritinib was defined as a
‘possible’ cause of the adverse drug reaction (ADR). Another suspicious
inducement, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), can not be eluted might
represent a limitation in this case. To the best of our knowledge, this
is the first report on gilteritinib-induced severe enteritis, and will
help physicians to keep vigilant, and detect and deal with timely for
the possible ADR.
Biological control interventions reduce pest abundance and crop damage while maintaining natural enemies: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ratto Fabrizia , Bruce Toby , Chipabika Gilson , Mwamakamba Sithembile , Mkandawire Rachel , Khan Zeyaur , Mkindi Angela , Pittchar Jimmy , Sallu Susannah , Whitfield Stephen , Wilson Kenneth , Sait Steve
Published: August 2022

Insect pests are a major challenge to smallholder crop production in
sub-Saharan Africa, where access to synthetic pesticides, which are
linked to environmental and health risks, is often limited. Biological
control interventions could offer a sustainable solution, yet an
understanding of their effectiveness is lacking. We conducted a
meta-analysis of 5 commonly-used biocontrol interventions to quantify i)
the magnitude of their effects when compared with no control and with
synthetic pesticides, and ii) how effectiveness is determined by
landscape composition. Overall, compared to no control, biocontrol
interventions reduced pest abundance by 63%, crop damage by over 50%,
and increased crop yield by over 60%. Compared to synthetic pesticides,
biocontrol produced comparable yields, and natural enemy abundance was
43% greater. Our results suggest that biocontrol represents an
effective intervention for farmers who do not have access to pesticides,
while it can maintain yields without associated negative pesticide
effects. However, the potential for biocontrol to be affected by
landscape composition is a critical knowledge gap in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dømt til å mislykkes? USA og det afghanske statsbyggingsprosjektet, 2001–2021
Authors: Harpviken Kristian Berg
Published: August 2022

Nesten to tiår etter den USA-ledete intervensjonen i Afghanistan, på tross av massiv innsats for å bygge en afghansk stat, så kollapset den afghanske regjeringsstrukturen i august 2021, og Taliban gjeninntok hovedstaden Kabul. Hvorfor mislyktes det internasjonale statsbyggingsprosjektet? Kunne ekstern statsbygging ha lykkes om tilnærmingen var en annen? Denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i nyere litteratur (David Lake, Melissa Lee, Roland Paris, Timothy Sisk) og gjør en analyse av hvordan dilemmaer i ekstern statsbygging manifesterte seg i Afghanistan henholdsvis på det politiske, militære og økonomiske området. Historisk har stabilitet i Afghanistan hvilt på en balanse mellom en svak sentralmakt og et betydelig rom for tradisjonelle samfunnsstrukturer. USA, som ekstern statsbygger, var opptatt av lojalitet fra en sterk sentralmakt, og underminerte derfor en maktfordeling som kunne gitt større grad av legitimitet. Resultatet ble en stat som var helt avhengig av ekstern støtte, og idet USA inngikk en avtale direkte med den væpnede opposisjonen, Taliban, så går den afghanske staten i oppløsning.
Abstract in EnglishDoomed to Fail? The US and the Afghan State-building Project, 2001–2021Nearly two decades after the US-led intervention in Afghanistan, following a massive effort to build an Afghan state, the country’s government structure collapsed in August 2021, and the Taliban took control of the capitol Kabul. Why did international state-building fail? Could external state-building have been successful if the approach had been a different one? This article takes recent contributions to the literature on the dilemmas of external state-building as its point of departure (David Lake, Melissa Lee, Roland Paris, Timothy Sisk), and presents an analysis if how these dilemmas came to the fore in the political, military, and economic domains. Historically, Afghan stability have rested on a balance between a weak central authority, with considerable influence resting with traditional societal actors. The US, as an external state-builder, was concerned with loyalty from a strong central power, and thereby undermined the division of power that could otherwise have gained a higher degree of legitimacy. The result is a state which was fully dependent on external support, and as the US entered a treaty with the armed opposition, the Taliban, the Afghan state apparatus collapses.
Coniferous Tree Species Effects on Soil Chemical Characteristics in Goro-Gutu District, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Fikadu Tolera
Published: August 2022

The fast growing natures of conifer tree species and favorable economic returns from these trees have encouraged the conversion of natural grasslands in open forests into tree plantations in Ethiopia. The dominant tree species used for this purpose in open forest areas of Eastern Oromia were Podocarpus falcatus, Juniperus procera and Cupressus lusitanica. These tree species plantations are spreading rapidly in mountain areas, specially, in protected open forest areas. However, how different tree species affect soil chemical nutrients of the open areas after plantation is remain largely unknown. Thus, the study was conducted at Keramile open forest of Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia, to evaluate the effect of coniferous tree species on grassland or open areas found in the open forest. The coniferous tree species used for our study were Podocarpus falcatus, Juniperus procera and Cupressus lusitanica. The current study investigated the soil chemical contents under the three tree species canopies, outside canopies as well as the interactions between tree species and canopy covers. Our results showed that the evaluated coniferous tree species had significant effect on soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon (OC), available phosphorous (av. P) and sodium (Na); in which soil pH, TN, OM and OC contents were significantly higher under P. falcatus than J. procera and C. lusitanica tree species. But no significant difference was detected in soil pH, TN, OM and OC contents between J. procera and C. lusitanica tree species. The present results also revealed that the canopy cover and their interaction had significant effect on soil OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN, EC, Na and CEC; were significantly higher OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN and CEC were obtained in the outside canopy than under the tree canopy cover, whereas soil EC and Na contents were higher under canopy than outside canopy cover. However, no significant difference was observed between under canopy and the outside canopy in soil av. P, Ca and Mg contents. Generally, our study showed that the coniferous tree species evaluated had negative impact on soil chemical properties (OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN and CEC) of the open or grassland of the study area. Therefore, management and monitoring of soil chemical characteristics of grassland found in open forest is crucial in Keramile open forest, Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia and other open woodlands receiving similar practice.
Production Optimization of an Eruptive Well by Using Nodal Analysis
Authors: Njeudjang Kasi
Published: August 2022

The objective of this paper is to optimize the eruptive well X-1 of field X so that it achieves an economically profitable production rate in order to be able to increase income. The completion data, pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data and reservoir data are used to improve the production of the well X-1 by using the nodal analysis and PIPESIM software. Several optimization scenarios are considered by varying: The diameter of the tubing, the wellhead pressure, the diameter of the flow line and the water cut. The main results show that reducing the wellhead pressure from 350 to 100 psia and increasing the flowline diameter from 2.5 to 4 inches improve the production flow rate from 850 to 2030.472 bbl /d. In economic terms, this well gives the payback period after 1 year and 9 months and a net present value (NPV) of 193,546,524 $ after 8 years.
Cooking Fuel Policy in India & Empowerment of Women
Authors: Saha Monalisa
Published: August 2022

Population has expanded significantly over the years and the rate of urbanisation has been on the rise. This has put major stress on available resources that were non-existent or not as apparent in the last few years. Theories of social change, state that when changes of any nature occur in a society, it brings about varied alterations in human interactions and thereby modify the functioning of various institutions in the society. The focus of this Chapter is limited to understanding the evolution of the nature of fuel used in India for cooking. The author here has tried to explore how the kind of fuel used for this purpose has evolved over the years and how this has in turn empowered women and modified their standing in the society.
Evaluation of Thermal Maturation of Hydrocarbon Potential Source Rocks From Kombe-Kompina-Missole Areas of the Douala Sub- Basin Using Spore Color Variation Technique
Authors: Fleur Matateyou Josephine
Published: August 2022

The Douala sub-Basin is well-known as a highly prospective basin for petroleum generation. The depletion of some oil Wells originally discovered in Cameroon calls for further investigation on the maturity of potential source rocks so as to discover more oil fields. The current methods used by many researchers for evaluating the thermal maturity of potential source rocks are mostly the geochemical techniques which are pretty expensive. Thus, this study was set out to evaluate thermal maturation of potential source rocks exposed in the Kombe-Kompina-Missole areas of the Douala Sub-Basin through the use of spore color variation as an alternative cheaper method of determination with a higher precision than the former. This work had three specific objectives; to carry out loggings, to obtain and identify sporomorphs, to determine the extent of thermal alteration of sporomorphs present in the samples through microscopic examination of spore and pollen color variation. A total number of fifteen samples obtained from the sedimentary sequences encountered in the studied area were sent for laboratory analysis. The results obtained from palynological analysis showed that color index of organic matter at Kombe and Kompina ranges from 2 to 2/3 which are immature to early mature source rocks with kerogen type II, III and IV. While for Missole, color index ranges from 2/3 to 3 indicating early maturity to mature source rocks with kerogen type II. Facies identified from lithofacies analysis included: sandstones, shales, mudstones, siltstones, conglomerates. Therefore, palynological methods based on spore color variationis an efficient and cheaper method of determining thermal maturity.
Assessment of Bahr El-Baqar Drain and its Environmental Impact on Manzala Lake in Egypt
Authors: I Azzam Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Polluted drains are considered one of the most important dangerous elements for the surrounded aquatic environment. The use of polluted water from drains outfalls in fish farms and agricultural lands has a very dangerous environmental effect on plants, soil, and groundwater. Over a year period starting May 2018, 75 water samples were collected from bahr El-Baqr drain outlet, Manzala wetland and Manzala Lake to examine and classifies it water quality and evaluates its suitability for reuse in safe irrigation. Based on physical, chemical and bacteriological results obtained, the calculated water quality index (WQI) classified Bahr El-Baqr drain as poor drainage water, while gradual improvement recognized at the end of wetland stages specially in subsurface follow basin and Manzala Lake as medium quality that attributed most probably to self-purification and dilution concepts. Out of 200 bacterial isolates, 29.8% and 70.2% were recovered from Bahr El-Baqar drain and all wetland station sites, respectively. Identified bacterial strains were verified using 16S-rDNA and all nucleotide sequence data were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database, USA and gained their accession numbers. The bioinformatics analysis supported the analytical data and the correlation coefficient matrix between physicochemical and bacteriological pairs recorded several positive and negative significant relationships. The study recommended continuous treating domestic wastewater and directing it to locations distant from direct disposal in Lake Water and pointed out its possible reuse in cultivating cereal, industrial and fodder crops of economic importance to mitigate health problems outbreaks or any aquatic ecosystem disorders.
Escuela de refuerzo de las matemáticas y del idioma español, emprendimiento para sacar provecho de la covid-19
Authors: Navarro Del Toro Guillermo José , Romo González Luis Enrique
Published: August 2022

Este artículo es resultado de un proyecto orientado a la generación de una escuela de refuerzo de las matemáticas y del idioma español. Se trata de un emprendimiento de oportunidad, ya que, debido a la pandemia covid-19, se formaron lagunas en los conocimientos de los alumnos de nivel básico, las cuales se buscan llenar con cursos remediales y de refuerzo en las áreas de matemática y español. Mediante una planeación estratégica, se hizo una investigación de mercado en el municipio de Cihuatlán, Jalisco, para saber por qué tuvieron éxito algunos negocios regionales y por qué otros fracasaron. A partir de esto se hace un análisis del mercado potencial, se analizan los elementos (recursos humanos y económicos iniciales), se detecta que el nicho de mercado con mayores probabilidades de éxito se encuentra en los niños de nivel elemental (educación primaria) y se desarrolla la marca y producto.
DESAFIOS GLOBAIS NO CONTROLE E REGULAMENTAÇÃO DE CRIPTOMOEDAS
Authors: Maranhão Levi Alexandrino
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo discorremos sobre os principais desafios, barreiras e dificuldades no controle e tributação de criptoativos, enfrentados atualmente por diversos países ao redor do globo terrestre, realizando a exposição de legislações, projetos de lei e ideias expostas por influentes líderes globais, visando extinguir a elisão fiscal no tocante as criptomoedas, e até a regulamentação de seu uso em algumas nações como moeda corrente, e principalmente na tributação e o seu controle fiscal.
SEPARAÇÃO DE PODERES NA ARGENTINA E NO BRASIL E OS AGENTES FAVORÁVEIS À INTEGRAÇÃO SUB-REGIONAL:
Authors: Piemonte Ditão Ygor Pierry
Published: August 2022

A visão contemporânea da separação de poderes na América Latina merece destaque. As diferenças vividas pelos latino-americanos antes do Séc. XX foram superadas pelas sucessivas vitórias contra os regimes autoritários que proporcionaram a emancipação das nações latinas levando-as à adoção comum da separação de poderes como peça fundamental para a reconstrução da democracia. A Argentina e o Brasil como iniciadores do MERCOSUL foram escolhidos para demonstrar as semelhanças institucionais na América Latina e, com isso, mediante a revisão bibliográfica e o método indutivo, demonstrou-se que as similitudes institucionais se transformaram em mais uma ferramenta para integração da América Latina. Desta vez, não só econômica, mas com sentimento de pertencimento regional fornecido pela identidade das instituições legitimamente democráticas.
regulamentação da insolvência transnacional no Brasil
Authors: Benfato Pereira Felipe
Published: August 2022

Através do presente artigo analisaremos as reformas implementadas pela Lei 14.112/2020 na Lei 11.101/2005, em especial quanto à implementação da previsão legal de um sistema de insolvência transnacional com base na Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL.
Tema 210 do Supremo Tribunal Federal e sua aplicação nas ações de ressarcimento movidas por seguradoras contra transportadores internacionais
Authors: Muchiuti Thais
Published: August 2022

No presente trabalho analisaremos o julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário nº 636.331 sob a ótica do direito internacional, o qual avaliou tema de repercussão geral acerca da aplicação das Convenções de Varsóvia e de Montreal em detrimento do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, no que diz respeito à limitação da responsabilidade das empresas de transporte aéreo internacional por extravio de bagagem. Em seguida, estudaremos os impactos do referido entendimento nas ações de ressarcimento movidas por seguradoras contra transportadores internacionais, bem como a orientação dos tribunais quanto ao tema.
El constructivismo operativo de Luhmann y su reflexión sobre el conocimiento científico
Authors: Giordano Pedro Martin
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo avanza hacia la especificación del constructivismo operativo de Niklas Luhmann, identificando una serie de principios ontológicos y epistemológicos claves para caracterizar su modalidad de lidiar con la tensión realismo/constructivismo. Para ello, primero se introducen algunos fundamentos de la teoría del observador; luego, se examina la modalidad luhmanniana de afrontar una serie de problemas ontológicos; tercero, se observa cómo la reflexión del sistema científico conduce al constructivismo operativo; posteriormente, se lo contrasta con el constructivismo radical; quinto, se precisa su función en la sociedad moderna; finalmente, las conclusiones exponen los resul­tados obtenidos.
La importancia de la investigación científica y académica en el marco de una política de Estado para la Cuestión Malvinas
Authors: Carmona Guillermo
Published: August 2022

Se presentan las diversas iniciativas desplegadas desde el Estado en torno a la “Agenda Malvinas 40 años” en articulación con el sector científico-académico. Se remarca la importancia de fortalecer el intercambio entre este sector y la gestión del sector público en favor de la Causa Malvinas.
Malvinas y la Defensa Nacional
Authors: Battaglino Jorge , Morasso Carla
Published: August 2022

Se presenta aquí la relevancia de la Cuestión Malvinas para la defensa nacional y se abordan las actividades que realiza la Universidad de la Defensa Nacional en favor de aquellos dos tópicos centrales para la República Argentina.
Confusión territorial: formas del crecimiento urbano informal en la subcuenca de Chalco
Authors:   , Méndez-Pérez Agustín
Published: August 2022

La historia de la urbanización mexicana y latinoamericana está impregnada de los llamados asentamientos humanos irregulares, fenómeno que se incorporó a las periferias de las grandes ciudades y trascendió por todo el paisaje latinoamericano con un impacto importante a partir de los años cincuenta (Connolly, 2014). En la Ciudad de México este proceso se desarrolló en distintas direcciones, sin embargo, la periferia oriente es una de las “más importante[s] por su magnitud, hacia Chalco y Amecameca, que comprende casi la totalidad del área municipal de [Nezahualcóyotl], Chimalhuacán, [La Paz], Ixtapaluca [y] Chicoloapan (…)” (Legorreta, 1992:205). En este sentido, el objetivo principal de la presente investigación es comprender cómo ha sido el proceso de crecimiento urbano informal en la periferia oriente de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM), con énfasis en la subcuenca de Chalco, desde una perspectiva geográfica, histórica, política y social, para identificar las principales formas de ocupación territorial y su impacto social. Para lograrlo se determinan tres distintas regiones topográficas: valle, sierra y pie de cerro, aunque estos procesos se desarrollan con ritmos de crecimiento que dependen del agente promotor y el poder de su aparato político, con el paso del tiempo se entrelazan y se construyen formas con limites difusos que al mezclarse generan conflictos sociales. Un ejemplo de este proceso se desarrolla en Ayotla, uno de los ocho pueblos reconocidos en el municipio de Ixtapaluca, además de la lotificación informal, se disputa la administración de los pozos autónomos del agua potable y el control político de sus colonias. Así, en esta investigación se sostiene que los asentamientos humanos irregulares desarrollan confusión territorial que surge a partir del mercado informal del suelo, se distribuye en distintas escalas de manera dispersa y masiva en las periferias urbanas, y se manifiesta en formas con límites difusos como producto de la sucesión de procesos históricos, políticos y sociales. Se caracterizan por la disputa socioterritorial en beneficio de unas minorías y promueven incertidumbre, tensión y confusión social que afecta el bienestar sociocultural de la población que los habita.
Synovium secretome as a disease-modifying treatment for equine osteoarthritis
Authors: Hernandez Santiago Mejia , Begum Laila , Keller Laura E. , Fu Qin , Zhang Sheng , Fortier Lisa A.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

To identify chondroprotective factors as potential disease-modifying osteoarthritis treatments using an unbiased, bottom-up proteomics approach.

SAMPLES

Paired equine cartilage explants and synovial membrane were collected postmortem from 4 horses with no history of lameness and grossly normal joints at necropsy.

PROCEDURES

Six groups were established: cartilage, synoviocytes, and cartilage + synoviocytes (coculture), all with or without interleukin (IL)-1β. The catabolic effect of IL-1β was verified by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) released from cartilage into media by 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue assay and cartilage toluidine blue histochemistry. Conditioned media from cocultures with or with IL-1β were submitted for bottom-up proteomic analysis. Synoviocyte gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription–quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for proteins of interest identified in the proteomics scan.

RESULTS

GAG content was retained in cartilage when in cocultures treated with IL-1β. Fourteen proteins of interest were selected from the proteomic analysis. From these 14 proteins, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 precursor (TIMP3), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) were selected for synoviocyte gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR. Gene expression of TIMP3 (P = .02) and TNFRSF11B (P = .04) were significantly increased in synoviocytes from cocultures treated with IL-1β compared to controls. Contrary to expectations based on protein expression, IGFBP2 gene expression (P = .04) was significantly decreased in IL-1β-stimulated coculture synoviocytes compared to control coculture synoviocytes. A2M gene expression in synoviocytes was not different between coculture groups.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The secretome from synoviocytes could provide a milieu of bioactive factors to restore joint homeostasis in osteoarthritis.
Communication between patients and doctors in the emergency department
Authors: Alotaibi Lama , Alnamlah Mohammed , Ghawnni Abeer
Published: August 2022

Background: Active listening of caregivers to the patients and involving them in decisions about their condition can significantly enhance the treatment outcome and patient experience.
Objectives: To investigate patients' experience regarding the quality of communication with their doctors in the emergency department (ED).
Method: This was a cross-sectional, observational, survey-based study. Data were collected from adult patients attending the King Faisal Specialist Hospital ED before their final disposition (admission or discharge) using a self-administered 14-item questionnaire.
Results: A total of 558 patients took part in this study. More than 90% of the participants state that the doctors listened to them carefully were generally respectful, answered all of their questions and concerns, and the doctors had a reassuring attitude and way of talking. While the patients were encouraged to express what bothered them, they could understand what the doctor explained about their condition. Around 80% reported that the doctor explained to them the positive and negative aspects of their treatment plan, they were involved in the decision of the treatment plan, and they felt that they have been understood. Out of 28 points, the mean ± standard deviation communication score was 25.7 ± 4.5 points.
Conclusion: The vast majority of participants reported positive experiences regarding communication in the ED. However, some areas for improvement were identified such as the importance of explaining the positive and negative aspects of the treatment plans to the patients and involving them in the decision of their treatment plans.
EDUKASI GIZI MENU SNACK SEHAT BERBASIS PANGAN LOKAL PADA SISWA SMPN 2 BAYANG DI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Arza Putri Aulia , Masnarivan Yeffi , Dewi Ike Luthfiana , Afifah Salsabilla Nurul
Published: August 2022

Consumption of healthy snacks in children is very important to note, this is because it will have an impact on the health and nutritional status of the child. The nutritional status of children will affect the quality of human resources from school to productive age. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge of junior high school students about healthy snack menus based on local food. The method of this activity is to conduct nutrition education and evaluate the increase in student's knowledge by using a questionnaire. This activity begins with an introduction and continues with a pre-test. Furthermore, nutrition education in the form of providing interesting materials and videos in choosing healthy snacks based on local food, post-test, discussion, and question and answer. To increase the enthusiasm of the participants, prizes were given. The results of the activities obtained by nutrition education at SMPN 2 Bayang can increase the knowledge of junior high school children about how to choose healthy snacks based on local food. This can be seen from the difference in the level of students' knowledge before (pre-test) and after (post-test) regarding the nutrition education provided. Besides, when students are served some snacks, students can choose and explain healthy and unhealthy foods. Some of the various local snacks and processed forms such as sweet potatoes, corn, taro can also be described in detail by students. From the activities that have been carried out, it can be concluded that nutrition education increases student’s knowledge about how to choose healthy snacks based on local food.