bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Photodynamic Therapy and Topical Clobetasol in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zborowski Jacek , Kida Dorota , Karolewicz Bożena , Jurczyszyn Kamil , Konopka Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and topical clobetasol therapy in treating oral lichen planus (OLP). To address the absence of commercially available drug carriers, innovative proprietary solutions were developed. These carriers were designed to enhance the therapies: one for the photosensitizer to reduce its contact time with the mucosa, and another for the steroid to prolong its contact duration. Methods: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial lasting three months was conducted on 29 patients with bilateral oral lichen planus using a full contralateral split-mouth design. The authors utilized proprietary carriers containing 5% methylene blue and 0.025%. Lesion size, as well as scores on the Thongprasom, Abisis, and VASs, were assessed during the study. Results: Relatively low rates of complete remission of lichen were demonstrated immediately after treatment, 10.3% after PDT and 3.4% after clobetasol, but after 3 months, 79% after PDT, and 62% after CLO. After 3 months of treatment, a reduction of 79.88% for PDT and 56.3% for CLO in the area of the evaluated lesions was achieved. Conclusions: PDT emerges as an equally effective method for treating OLP in terms of clinical outcomes, with the added advantage of avoiding many complications associated with conventional therapy.
Impact of Myopia on the Utility of the Photopic Negative Response Ratio for Glaucoma Assessment
Authors: Park Young Gun , Park Chan Kee , Jung Kyoung In
Published: January 2025

Background: The objective assessment of visual function is crucial in glaucoma management, highlighting the importance of electroretinography (ERG). This study investigates the diagnostic performance of photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitude and the normalized PhNR/b-wave ratio in diagnosing glaucoma, focusing on the impact of myopia. Methods: Ninety-one glaucoma patients and 19 glaucoma suspects were included, defining myopia as axial length (AL) > 24 mm or > 25 mm. Full-field photopic ERG used a red stimulus on a blue background. Results: Myopic glaucoma patients showed a higher PhNR/b-wave ratio than non-myopic patients (p = 0.023). AL negatively correlated with b-wave amplitude (r = −0.239, p = 0.012). PhNR amplitude demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.661 (p = 0.028) overall and was less effective in the myopic subgroup (AUC = 0.574, p = 0.082). The diagnostic performance of the PhNR/b-wave ratio did not achieve statistical significance in either the total group (AUC = 0.616, p = 0.114) or the myopic subgroup (AUC = 0.574, p = 0.332). Conclusions: Standardization using the PhNR/b-wave ratio did not enhance diagnostic accuracy over PhNR amplitude, particularly in myopic patients, underscoring the need for careful interpretation in myopia and further research to optimize electrophysiological diagnostics.
Development and Validation of Reliability Testing Methods for Insulation Systems in High-Voltage Rotating Electrical Machinery on Ships
Authors: Kim Hyeun-Chul , Kim Jong-Su
Published: January 2025

Lloyd’s Register became the first classification society to mandate reliability testing for insulation degradation in rotating electrical machinery. As the maritime industry shifts toward eco-friendly practices, high-voltage rotating electrical machinery on ships increasingly features higher voltages and larger capacities. However, incidents involving insulation systems have also become more frequent. Additionally, testing facilities with the necessary equipment to perform such reliability tests are lacking, and standardized testing methods are yet to be established. This study proposes test items, methods, and evaluation criteria for the reliability testing of high-voltage rotating electrical machinery. The testing methods are broadly categorized into four types: thermal, electrical, multifactor, and thermomechanical degradation reliability testing. The proposed methods were validated by conducting long-term testing over approximately one year. Key results showed a breakdown time of 7056 h in thermal evaluation, 5040 h in electrical evaluation, and 258.5 d in multifactor evaluation, as well as a 63rd percentile value of 245.7 h in thermomechanical evaluation, all of which fulfill the required criteria. The study offers practical guidelines for ensuring the durability and safety of high-voltage electrical machinery, aligning with the sustainability and safety goals of the maritime industry.
Descriptive Methodology for Risk Situation of Disastrous Sea Waves in the China Sea
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Wu Mengmeng
Published: January 2025

To meet the needs of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, this paper proposes a systematic methodological framework to describe the annual risk situation of Disastrous Sea Waves (DSWs) from four perspectives. Its application is demonstrated for the China Sea in 2023 as a case study. The systematic approach is reflected in the following: (1) a comprehensive description of DSW risks based on three dimensions: occurrence frequency, maximum intensity, and hazard index; (2) an overview of the DSW risk characteristics for the year through spatial and monthly distributions; (3) a comparative analysis of the year’s DSWs, with historical data based on anomalies and return periods used to assess the risk characteristics and extremities; and (4) an analysis of the causes of the year’s characteristics based on monthly anomalies and weather systems. Through its application to the China Sea in 2023, the analysis process is introduced as follows. (1) High-Frequency and Intensity Areas: DSWs frequently occurred in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) and Taiwan Strait, exceeding 450 h. The maximum significant wave height (Hs), reaching 11.3 m, was recorded in the southern East China Sea (ECS) in August. (2) Extremity in Frequency and Attribution: The occurrence frequency was extremely high, with the cumulative hours exceeding the historical average by 159 h (9.1%). The southwestern SCS showed the most significant excess, up to 168 h (>120%). The reason for this was that DSWs in January caused by prolonged cold air lasted 236 h longer (121%). (3) Extremity in Intensity and Attribution: The maximum Hs in the southern ECS and Taiwan Strait was 2 m (30%) higher than the historical average. The intensified cold air waves caused the higher intensities. (4) Hazard Levels: Higher risk occurred in the southwestern SCS, southern ECS, and Taiwan Strait, while the highest extremity occurred in the Bohai Sea.
Construction of Lunar Soil Simulants-Based Aluminum-Ion Battery Systems
Authors: Su Shaokang , Li Jingzhen , Sun Chunhao , Du Kai , Wang Chengjie , Han Mingshan , Geng Jing , Long Yongde , Hu Yuxiang
Published: January 2025

With the development of space technology, in situ resource utilization (ISRU) of lunar resources holds great potential for constructing lunar bases. This study, for the first time, proposes the in situ construction of lunar soil simulants-based battery systems. When novel ilmenite cathode materials are applied in aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs), a facile ball milling treatment is used to simulate the natural characteristics of lunar-based ilmenite with proper electrochemical performance. The in situ constructed lunar soil-based batteries demonstrated a practical capacity of 68.1 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 89.6% after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1, the as-prepared batteries still maintained a capacity of 41.7 mAh g−1. This study provides a promising energy storage solution for lunar bases and promotes sustainable energy technologies through in situ utilization of lunar resources.
Transfinite Patches for Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Provatidis Christopher
Published: January 2025

This paper extends the well-known transfinite interpolation formula, which was developed in the late 1960s by the applied mathematician William Gordon at the premises of General Motors as an extension of the pre-existing Coons interpolation formula. Here, a conjecture is formulated, which claims that the meaning of the involved blending functions can be enhanced, such that it includes any linear independent and complete set of functions, including piecewise-linear, trigonometric functions, Bernstein polynomials, B-splines, and NURBS, among others. In this sense, NURBS-based isogeometric analysis and aspects of T-splines may be considered as special cases. Applications are provided to illustrate the accuracy in the interpolation through the L2 error norm of closed-formed functions prescribed at the nodal points of the transfinite patch, which represent the solution of partial differential equations under boundary conditions of the Dirichlet type.
Pyrite Textures, Trace Element Geochemistry and Galena Pb Isotopes of the Yanzhupo Gold Deposit in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China: Implications for Gold Mineralization Genesis
Authors: Liao Jia , Wang Xu , Chen Biao , Wang Buqing , Zhu Zhenhua , Wang Wentao , Peng Ding , Zhang Qian , Liu Zhuang , Xu Qiangqiang
Published: January 2025

The northeastern Hunan district in the Jiangnan Orogen (South China) holds significant gold resources, whose genesis remains perplexing, especially in terms of the gold source and mineralization process. Yanzhupo (2.50 t @ 2.52 g/t) is a newly discovered gold deposit in the northeastern Hunan district and is characterized by multiple generations of pyrite. Its alteration/mineralization can be divided into three stages: (I) quartz-ankerite-pyrite; (II) quartz-ankerite-chlorite-pyrite-gold; (III) quartz-ankerite-calcite-pyrite. Petrographic observations and back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging revealed six generations of pyrite: Cu-Au rich bright rims (Py1a) and porous cores (Py1b) in Stage I, Py2a with homogenous textures, Py2b with oscillatory zoning and Py2c with homogenous textures in Stage II and Py3 with homogenous textures in Stage III. Galena Pb isotopes, similar to the Wangu deposit, and pyrite chemical compositions show that the ore-forming materials of Yanzhupo came from deep magma, and some metal elements may be extracted from deep basement by fluid-mineral interactions during the upward migration of hydrothermal-magmatic fluid. The positive correlation between Cu and Au in pyrite reflects the oxidized ore-forming fluids. The enrichment of Cu and Au in Py1a reflects the precipitation of pyrite under high temperature fluid, forming the primary enrichment of Au. Porous Py1b is characterized by lower trace elements than Py1a, sharp reaction front and rich chalcopyrite and galena inclusions, indicating Py1b formed via coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR) reactions of Py1a. The CDR reactions promoted by the oxidizing fluid itself re-release Au into the fluid. From Py2a to Py2c, the contents of As, Sb and Pb first increased and then decreased, which may reflect the increase of fluid pH caused by sulfidation of the wall rocks and the impoverishment of ore-forming fluids caused by the precipitation of a large number of elements. The sulfidation of the wall rocks in Stage II destroyed the stability of the Au(HS)2− and Au (HS)S3− complexes and led to the deposition of native gold. The barren ore-forming fluids precipitated homogenous Py3 in a stable environment. Therefore, we think that the Yanzhupo gold deposit may have been associated with magmatic-hydrothermal activity, and the mineralization mechanism may be CDR reactions and sulfidation of the wall rocks.
Exploration of the Fusidic Acid Structure Activity Space for Antibiotic Activity
Authors: Kang Yoon-Suk , Silva Simone C. , Smith Kenneth , Sumida Krissty , Wang Yuhan , Chiaraviglio Lucius , Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy , Aljahdali Alhanouf Z. , Kirby James E. , O’Doherty George A.
Published: January 2025

Fusidic acid is a translation inhibitor with activity against major Gram-positive bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus. However, its activity against Gram-negatives is poor based on an inability to access its cytoplasmic target in these organisms. Opportunities for functionalization of the fusidic acid scaffold to enhance activity against Gram-negative pathogens have not been explored. Using an activity-guided synthetic strategy, the tolerance of the tetracyclic natural product to derivatization at the A- and C-rings and its carboxylic acid side chain was explored with the goal of enhancing its activity spectrum and pharmacological properties. All side-chain carboxylic acid esters were inactive. Oxidation of the C-ring alcohol and oxime were not tolerated either. A number of esters of the A-ring alcohol retained modest activity against Gram-positive bacteria and were informative for future activity-guided studies. For the A-ring esters, differences in antibacterial activity relative to inhibitory activity in a ribosome in vitro translation assay suggested the possibility of a pro-druglike effect for the fusidic acid pyrazine-2-carboxylate. This study furthers the understanding of the activity of the fusidic acid scaffold against Gram-positive bacteria. These results suggest promise for future modification of the A-ring alcohol of fusidic acid in the advancement of its antibiotic properties.
Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Flat-Topped Beam Rectangular Arrays in Plasma and Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Ma Xinkai , Zhang Hui , Zhao Yuanhao , Yao LinXuan , Yu Changchun , Gao Yaru , Yuan Yangsheng , Cai Yangjian , Guo Bohan
Published: January 2025

Propagation properties represent a critical aspect of laser beams utilized in free space optical (FSO) communications. We examined the evolution characteristics of the electric field associated with partially coherent flat-topped beam rectangular arrays propagating bidirectionally through the turbulent atmosphere and plasma links. Utilizing the optical transmission matrix, alongside the second moment theory and Wigner distribution functions, we derived analytical expressions for both the intensity distribution and propagation factors of the partially coherent flat-topped beam rectangular arrays affected by the atmospheric turbulence and plasma disturbances. The numerical results indicate that appropriately selecting parameters such as beam order, transverse spatial coherence width, and beam width can effectively mitigate the adverse effects on propagation properties caused by the turbulent atmosphere and plasma. Our results have significant implications for FSO communications within specific environmental contexts.
Magnetic Carbon Porous Polymer Prepared from a New Suspended Emulsion for the Absorption of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Wei Shoulian , Huang Shenwei , Zhou Jun , Xiao Chun , Cao Jiangfei , Xiao Jibo , Xie Chunsheng
Published: January 2025

In this study, magnetic carbon nanopolymers (Fe3O4/C@PM) were synthesized by suspension polymerization using magnetic carbon nanoparticles as the matrix, 2-thiophene formaldehyde and acrylamide as the monomers, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinking agent. The obtained material was characterized using multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption effects of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ in the mixed solution were evaluated using magnetic carbon nanoparticles (Fe3O4/C) and Fe3O4/C@PM as adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and cyclic regeneration of various metal ions, including Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, were studied. The results showed that the Fe3O4/C@PM maintained a slightly aggregated spherical morphology similar to Fe3O4/C and exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for all of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, with maximum adsorption capacities of 343.3, 250.7, and 177.6 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption mechanisms were mainly based on the chemical interactions between metal ions and functional groups on the surface of polymers. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. When Fe3O4/C@PM was reused five times, its adsorption rates for Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ remained above 81%, indicating its great potential for the treatment of wastewater containing Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+.
Rethinking the Unio Mystica: From McGinn to Ibn ʿArabī
Authors: Nair Arjun
Published: January 2025

Research into the unio mystica has revealed what seems to be an area of “real discussion” between scholars of different traditions of mysticism, particularly those of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Although this research serves as a promising start to the dialogue among scholars, it has also raised many questions about a “shared moment” that is nevertheless expressed in “irreducibly diverse” and distinct ways in each tradition. What purpose, for instance, can generic cross-cultural categories serve when they mean little or nothing to scholars in each tradition? By contrast, tradition-specific vocabularies are profuse and often difficult to represent in interlinguistic contexts without significant explanation. The challenge of translating mystical texts, imagery, and ideas across cultures and linguistic traditions raises obvious concerns about the misrepresentation and distortion of traditions in an environment of post-colonial critique. Nevertheless, the continued promise of dialogue calls for specialists of these traditions—particularly non-western and non-Christian traditions—to approach, assess, re-formulate, and even challenge the categories of mysticism from within the conceptual and theoretical horizons of the traditions that they research. The present study models such an approach to scholarship in mysticism. It offers a (re)formulation of the unio mystica from within the theoretical frame of the 12th/13th-century Muslim/Sufi mystic, Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) and early members of his school of thought. By unpacking the primary terms involved in such an account—“God”, the “human being/self”, and “union”—from within the conceptual and theoretical horizons of that tradition, it problematizes the prevailing understanding of the unio mystica constructed from the writings of specialists in Christian mysticism. More importantly, it illustrates the payoff in terms of dialogue (incorporating the critique of existing theories) when each tradition operates confidently from its own milieu, developing its own theoretical resources for mysticism rather than prematurely embracing existing ideas or categories.
Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in a Patient with Epidermolysis Bullosa Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Electronic Brachytherapy
Authors: Hitova-Topkarova Desislava , Payakova Virginia , Yordanov Angel , Kostova-Lefterova Desislava , Encheva Elitsa
Published: January 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: The purpose of this report is to investigate the feasibility of combined modality treatment in a case of locally advanced cervical cancer in a patient with inherited epidermolysis bullosa as well as to suggest a protocol for cervical electronic brachytherapy. Case Description: The patient was treated with image-guided external beam radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions with a simultaneously integrated boost of 55 Gy in involved lymph nodes. The maximal skin dose was 34.09 Gy. Intracavitary electronic brachytherapy was applied to the uterine cervix in 4 fractions of 7 Gy and contributed no dose to the skin. Discussion: The treatment was tolerated well with no early toxicity. During the 3-month period of follow-up, no adverse events of grade 2 or higher were detected, and no exacerbation of skin lesions was noted. Conclusions: This is the first report of treatment of cervical cancer in a patient with inherited epidermolysis bullosa where combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy and intracavitary electronic brachytherapy demonstrated feasibility and safety. The followed institutional protocol for treatment planning and delivery ensured low doses to organs and risk and reproducibility.
Research on the Level of High-Quality Urban Development Based on Big Data Evaluation System: A Study of 151 Prefecture-Level Cities in China
Authors: Qin Xiujun , Qin Xiaolei
Published: January 2025

China’s rapid urbanization has exposed a growing gap between economic growth and development quality, highlighting the urgent need for high-quality urban advancement. This study constructed a comprehensive evaluation system to effectively measure urban growth quality, integrating five key dimensions: innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and shared development, enhanced by big data analytics. Analyzing data from 151 Chinese cities between 2017 and 2021, we found a consistent improvement in urban development quality and a gradual narrowing of regional disparities. However, significant differences persist between eastern and western cities, with innovation emerging as the primary driver for enhancing urban development quality. These findings suggest that China should intensify investment in innovation, broaden openness, and focus on elevating overall urban development quality while bridging regional gaps.
Impact of Different Fixing Methods on the Vibration Characteristics of Single-Phase Transformers
Authors: Sun Youliang , Sun Yupu , Zhang Li , Zou Liang , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

The vibration problem of single-phase transformers can threaten the stable operation of equipment, and long-term severe vibration may also cause mechanical fatigue or even damage to the equipment. Among these serious factors, the internal fixing method is one of the most important but easily overlooked factors, but the specific mechanism of the fixing method under different harmonics is still unclear. This article designs vibration and noise testing experiments for single-phase transformers, considering different harmonic excitations, as well as quantitatively compares and studies three different types of fixing methods: eccentric circle fixing, casting fixing, and pressure fixing. The effect of harmonic components on the vibration characteristics of single-phase transformers was studied, and the distribution characteristics of vibration and noise under different fixed methods were extracted and analyzed. The quantitative influence mechanism of fixed methods on audible noise was obtained.
Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for a Robotic Manipulator with an Input Deadzone
Authors: Wang Fujie , Hu Jintao , Qin Yi , Guo Fang , Jiang Ming
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method that combines random network distillation (RND) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to address the tracking control problem, while leveraging the inherent symmetry in robotic arm movements to eliminate the need for learning or knowing the system’s dynamic model. In general, the complexity and strong coupling of robotic manipulators make trajectory tracking extremely challenging. Firstly, the prediction network and fixed network are jointly trained using the RND method. The difference in output values between the two networks acts as an internal reward for the robotic manipulator environment. This internal reward mechanism encourages the robotic arm agent to actively explore unpredictable and unknown environmental states, thereby consequently boosting the performance and efficiency of the tracking control for the robotic manipulator. Then, the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm, the LSTM network, and the attention mechanism are integrated to resolve the instability problem during training and acquire a stable policy. The LSTM model effectively captures the symmetry and temporal changes in joint angles, while the attention mechanism dynamically prioritizes important features, thereby reducing the instability of the robotic manipulator during tracking tasks and enhancing feature extraction efficiency. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method effectively performs the robot tracking task, confirming the efficacy and efficiency of the DRL algorithm.
Effects of Milk Thistle Extract Supplementation on Performance, Egg Quality, and Liver Pathology of Laying Hens’ Fed Diets Lacking Supplemental Choline Chloride
Authors: Gousias Fotis , Stylianaki Ioanna , Giannenas Ilias , Kallitsis Theodoros , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Chaitidis Efstratios , Squires Clare , Arsenos Georgios , Tsiouris Vasilios , Papadopoulos Georgios A.
Published: January 2025

The current study evaluated the effects of milk thistle extract supplementation in laying hens’ fed diets lacking choline chloride addition. A total of 60 Isa-brown laying hens were randomly allocated into T1: control diet, 0% extract supplementation; T2: control diet with 1% extract; T3: control diet with 2.5% extract; and T4: control diet with 4% extract. Egg quality parameters, yolk lipid oxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and fatty acid profile were assessed. Livers were examined grossly and histologically to evaluate hepatocellular lesions such as vacuolization (lipidosis), reticular stromal architecture, the amount of collagenous connective tissue, and vascular wall changes. Groups T3 and T4 showed darker yolks compared to both control group and T2 (p = 0.001) and redness of the egg yolk (p < 0.001). The MDA was lowest in T2 group which had improved gross appearance with lower degrees of hepatic vacuolization than other groups. Liver discoloration was milder in T3 (43.8%) compared to the T1 and T4 groups (18.8% and 12.5%, respectively, p = 0.013). Reticulin loss was correlated with the degree of hepatic vacuolization (r = 0.751, p < 0.001). Supplementation with MT extract in diets lacking choline chloride may influence certain egg quality indices and liver gross macroscopic lesions in laying hens.
النمذجة في البحوث التربوية " تحليل المسار نموذجاً "
Authors: BOUAICHA Noura , BOUBLAL Messaoud
Published: January 2025

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم عرض تحليلي لاستخدام نموذج تحليل المسار (Path Analysis) في البحوث التربوية؛ حيث شهدت السنوات الأخيرة، تطوراً ملحوظاً في منهجية البحوث التربوية، خاصة مع تطور البرامج الإحصائية، ومن بين هذه المنهجيات نجد النمذجة بالمعادلة البنائية(SEM)، التي تحتل مكانة بارزة في البحوث التربوية، حيث تعتبر جزء من التحليل الإحصائي المتقدم في عملية تحليل البيانات في العلوم التربوية والنفسية على حد سواء، إذ  تعتمد على مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية مثل: تحليل الإنحدار الخطي المتعدد، وتحليل المسار، والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي(CFA)، وهذا لإختبار صحة شبكة العلاقات بين المتغيرات جملة واحدة دون تجزئتها، ومن بين هذه النماذج نموذج تحليل المسار ، وستتناول هذه الورقة شروط استخدام نموذج تحليل المسار، وكيفية معالجة البيانات، وتفسير المخرجات، من خلال تحليل بعض الدراسات التي اعتمدت على هذا الأسلوب في حل المشكلات البحثية.
Burst Laser-Driven Plasmonic Photochemical Nanolithography of Silicon with Active Structural Modulation
Authors: Shi Liping , Yan Ji , Zhang Shuyao , Niu Panpan , Geng Jiao , Steinmeyer Günter
Published: January 2025

Femtosecond laser ablation-driven periodic surface structuring offers a promising method for large-scale and high-throughput nanolithography technique. However, the self-organized periodic structures typically manifest constraints in terms of tunable period and depth, as well as suboptimal regularity, which restricts their broader application potential. Here, in terms of a rarely explored laser-induced photochemical mechanism for nonablative structuring, we demonstrate manufacturing of sub-wavelength oxidative grating structures on silicon films with active structural modulation. In this scenario, the plasmonic field plays a pivotal role in dragging oxygen ions from surface into the silicon, greatly speeding up oxidation rates. While high oxygen doping levels can already be achieved with single-pulse exposure, far superior results are obtained with the application of 40-MHz burst mode pulse trains, mitigating the formation of excessively large nanocrystallites. Furthermore, it is revealed that the periodicity and modulation depth of laser-writing nanograting are both dependent on the number of pulse per burst. This offers a convenient scheme for actively controlling laser plasmonic lithography.
Анализ инвестиционной привлекательности нефтегазового сектора РФ на современном этапе: состояние и тенденции
Authors: Абдулкадыров А.С. , Жигулина Е.П.
Published: January 2025

Для России, как и для любого другого государства, условием эффективного экономического развития выступает приток капитала. События, происходящие в нашей стране, в течение последнего исторического периода времени, снижают и без того невысокий приток инвестиционных вложений. Улучшение уровня национального благосостояния при этом представляет собой многоступенчатый процесс, который зависит от совокупности взаимозависимых друг от друга факторов, важнейшим из которых, в том числе является и вложение средств в национальную экономику. Нефтегазовый сектор экономики РФ является системообразующим сектором экономики в силу исторически сложившихся объективных причин. На сегодняшний день заинтересованность России в иностранных инвестициях остро повышается. Энергетическая стратегия России до 2035 года, разработанная во исполнение поручения Президента РФ ставит привлечение инвестиции в нефтегазовую отрасль приоритетным и является одним из ключевых направлении по долгосрочному развитию топливно-энергетического комплекса страны.

For Russia, as for any other state, the condition for effective economic development is the influx of capital. The events taking place in our country during the last historical period of time reduce the already low inflow of investment investments. Improving the level of national welfare in this case is a multi-stage process, which depends on a combination of interdependent factors, the most important of which, including the investment in the national economy. The oil and gas sector of the Russian economy is a system-forming sector of the economy due to historically established objective reasons. Today, Russias interest in foreign investment is sharply increasing. The energy strategy of Russia until 2035, developed pursuant to an order of the President of the Russian Federation, makes investment attraction in the oil and gas industry a priority and is one of the key areas for the long-term development of the countrys fuel and energy complex.
Методика обучения и совершенствования техники поворота в подводном спорте
Authors: Реди Е.В.
Published: January 2025

Среди элементов, из которых складывается преодоление дистанции в подводном спорте (старт, плавание, поворот, финиш), поворот, несомненно, является наиболее сложным. Влияние хорошо выполненного поворота на исход спортивной борьбы многократно показывала практика ответственных соревнований. Несмотря на это, современные пловцы высокого класса по-прежнему совершают Несмотря на это, современные пловцы высокого класса по-прежнему совершают множество ошибок в исполнении поворота. Причины, видимо, во-первых, в отсутствии удовлетворительно разработанных техники и методики обучения, во-вторых, в недостаточном внимании тренировок овладению этим элементом.

Among the elements that make up the distance in underwater sports (start, swim, turn, finish), the turn is undoubtedly the most difficult. The influence of a well-executed turn on the outcome of wrestling has been repeatedly shown by the practice of responsible competitions. Despite this, modern high-class swimmers still make many mistakes in the execution of the turn. The reasons, apparently, first, in the absence of satisfactorily developed techniques and methods of training, and secondly, in the lack of training attention to mastering this element.
Автоматизация учета оплаты труда на предприятии.
Authors: Голова Е.Е. , Раздымаха А.Ю.
Published: January 2025

Автоматизация уже практически коснулась всех сфер деятельности любого предприятия. Не менее важным является и автоматизация процессов учёта, в том числе оплаты труда, поскольку этот учёт достаточно ёмкий особенно на крупных предприятиях, где численность может достигать тысяч, десятки тысяч человек. В статье рассмотрен процесс автоматизации учёта оплаты труда на примере предприятия. Статья обогащена скриншотами по данным предприятия, описаны документы, оформляемые на данном участке учёта, отражён особенности удержания из зарплаты. Представлена последовательность учёта оплаты труда в бухгалтерской программе, изучены должностные обязанности бухгалтера, порядок его взаимодействия с другими ответственными лицами, по итогам статьи сделаны выводы и предложены авторские рекомендации для совершенствования учёта оплаты труда.

Automation has already touched almost all areas of activity of any enterprise. No less important is the automation of accounting processes, including remuneration, since this accounting is quite extensive, especially in large enterprises, where the number can reach thousands, tens of thousands of people. The article considers the process of automation of payroll accounting on the example of an enterprise. The article is enriched with screenshots of the company's data, describes the documents issued at this accounting site, and reflects the features of deduction from wages. The sequence of accounting, payroll accounting program, studied the duties of the accountant, its interaction with other responsible persons, at the end of the article conclusions and the author's recommendations to improve accounting of remuneration.
Воинская обязанность
Authors: Дадаева М.С.
Published: January 2025

В настоящем научном исследовании раскрывается тематика воинской обязанности граждан Российской Федерации в составе вооруженных сил Российской Федерации. В содержательной части научной работы приводятся общие положения воинской обязанности граждан Российской Федерации в составе вооруженных сил Российской Федерации, с раскрытием основополагающих свойств каждого условия. В заключительной части научного исследования регламентируется вывод, в соответствии с которым российскому научному сообществу обозначается необходимость консолидировать научный труд, направленный на правильное понимание института воинской обязанности граждан Российской Федерации в составе вооруженных сил Российской Федерации.

This research study reveals the subject of military duties of citizens of the Russian Federation as part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. In the substantive part of the scientific work, the general provisions of the military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation in the armed forces of the Russian Federation are given, with the disclosure of the fundamental properties of each condition. In the final part of the scientific study, the conclusion is regulated, тaking into account the foregoing, it is indicated that the Russian scientific community needs to consolidate scientific work aimed at a correct understanding of the institution of military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation as part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation
Аудит как фактор эффективности бизнеса
Authors: Газиев Р.Х.
Published: January 2025

Данная статья посвящена актуальной проблеме проведения аудита финансовой отчетности. В основе аудита лежат гражданское право, административно-хозяйственное право, бухгалтерский учет. Поэтому результатом данного исследования является изучение различных подходов к определению понятия «аудит», а также уточнение ключевых целей и задач проведения аудита.

This article is devoted to an actual problem - the audit of financial statements. The basis of the audit is civil law, administrative and commercial law, accounting. Therefore, the result of this study is to explore different approaches to the definition of "audit", as well as the refinement of key goals and objectives of the audit.
О социальных и экологических перспективах «зеленой» экономики
Authors: Марьин Е.В.
Published: January 2025

в статье рассматривается получившая большую популярность среди экономистов и экологов модель «зеленой экономики». Автор специально отмечает, что зеленая экономика-это совокупность процессов и услуг, производственных, промышленных, торговых, сельскохозяйственных, которые будет применяться в определенном месте (стране, городе, компании, сообщества), направленные на устойчивое экологическое и социальное развитие. Автор делает вывод о том, что зеленая экономика направлена на исправление экологических внешних факторов, обращаясь к рынку, однако рыночные инструменты могут быть не самыми подходящими для измерения вызванного воздействия на окружающую среду. Это сопряжено со значительными затратами для компаний, поскольку они должны прилагать большие экономические усилия, чтобы их продукция была экологически чистой.

the article considers the "green economy"model, which has become very popular among economists and environmentalists. The author specifically notes that the green economy is a set of processes and services (production, industrial, commercial, agricultural) that will be applied in a certain place (country, city, company, community), aimed at sustainable environmental and social development. In the end, the author concludes that the green economy is aimed at correcting environmental externalities by addressing the market, but market instruments may not be the most appropriate for measuring the resulting environmental impact. This involves significant costs for companies, since they must make great economic efforts to ensure that their products are environmentally friendly.
Доступ к аудиторской тайне
Authors: Мирзеханова Л.Н.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена рассмотрению налогового аудита, как со стороны внутреннего контроля, так и внешнего аудита. В рамках данной статьи определены основные риски для налогоплательщиков. В ней также выделены проблемы налоговых аудиторских проверок и даны рекомендации и предложения по их усовершенствованию.

The Article is devoted to the consideration of tax audit, by both internal control and external audit. This article defines the main risks for taxpayers. It also highlights the problems of tax audits and provides recommendations and suggestions for their improvement.
Проблемы эффективности использования человеческих ресурсов в России
Authors: Саенко И.И. , Черниенко Д.В. , Бабешко А.И.
Published: January 2025

в статье рассматриваются проблемы эффективности использования человеческих ресурсов в России. Также в статье рассмотрены такие понятия, как человеческие ресурсы и их составляющие, экономически активное население страны, а также условия и направления развития человеческих ресурсов.

the article deals with the problems of effective use of human resources in the Russia. The article also discusses such concepts as human resources and their components, the economically active population of the country, as well as the conditions and directions of human resources development.
Разработка мероприятий по оптимизации регионального управления сферой культуры
Authors: Логинов Д.А. , Желудкова О.А.
Published: January 2025

Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что на современном этапе исследований культуры, ученым становится все более очевидной несостоятельность административно-командных, централизованных методов управления культурой. В связи с этим, научное сообщество постепенно приходит к пониманию необходимости управления культурой на региональном уровне путем формирования стратегии локального развития культуры с учетом социально-экономических особенностей развития территории, интересов и запросов различных категорий населения, а также культурного потенциала региона.

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that at the present stage of cultural studies, scientists are becoming more and more obvious inconsistency of administrative-command, centralized methods of culture management. In this regard, the scientific community is gradually coming to understand the need to manage culture at the regional level by forming a strategy for local cultural development, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the territory, the interests and needs of various categories of the population, as well as the cultural potential of the region.
Анализ условно-переменных и условно-постоянных статей затрат нефтедобывающего предприятия
Authors: Закирова Ч.С. , Ибрагимова Э.Г.
Published: January 2025

Любое предприятие стремится получить максимум прибыли при минимальных совокупных затратах. Естественно, что минимальный объем совокупных затрат меняется в зависимости от объема производства. Однако составляющие совокупных затрат по-разному реагируют на изменение объема производства. Это относится, в первую очередь, к расходам на оплату обслуживающего персонала и оплату производственных рабочих. Поэтому совокупные общие затраты делятся на постоянные и переменные.

Any company seeks to learn the maximum profit at the lowest total cost. Naturally, the minimum total cost varies with the volume of production. However, the components of total costs react differently to changes in the volume of production. This applies, first of all, to the costs of maintenance personnel and production workers. Therefore, the total total costs are divided into fixed and variable.
Методы минимизации финансовых рисков на примере ООО Русфинанс Банка
Authors: Нурдавлятова Э.Ф. , Зкриева Л.И.
Published: January 2025

Для каждого предприятия понимание своих рисков является очень актуальной темой. Кредитные организации не исключение. Для оптимальной работы предприятия такого рода и дальнейшего развития необходимо четкое представление угроз и правильное принятие решений при столкновении с ними. Финансовые риски для кредитных организаций самые пугающие, так как именно они ведут к потере прибыли.

For every enterprise, understanding their risks is a very relevant topic. Credit institutions are no exception. For the optimal operation of an enterprise of this kind and for further development, a clear understanding of threats and correct decision-making when faced with them is necessary. Financial risks for credit institutions are the most frightening, since they lead to loss of profits.
Экспертиза в арбитражном процессе: вопросы теории и практики
Authors: Ибрагимова А.Ш.
Published: January 2025

в данной статье рассматриваются особенности назначения и проведения судебной экспертизы в арбитражном процессе. Выявляются существующие на практике проблемы.

This article examines the features of the appointment and conduct of forensic examination in the arbitration process. The problems existing in practice are revealed.
Роль маркетинга в деятельности предприятий малого бизнеса и среднего бизнеса
Authors: Ажибекова А.Т.
Published: January 2025

В статье исследованы методы управления маркетингом в деятельности предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса в контексте условий их использования и целевого назначения. Обоснована актуализация использования инструментария маркетинговых исследований внешней и внутренней среды предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса в процессе разработки и реализации продуктовой, ценовой, сбытовой и коммуникационной политики. Конкретизированы элементы внешней и внутренней среды, анализ которых необходим для определения сильных и слабых сторон деятельности предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса

The article explores the methods of marketing management in the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of the conditions of their use and purpose. It substantiates the actualization of the use of marketing research tools for the external and internal environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the process of development and implementation of the product, price, marketing, and communication policies. The elements of the external and internal environment are concretized, the analysis of which is necessary to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Тенденции и причины изменения основных макроэкономических показателей в подотрасли «Производство кокса и нефтепродуктов»
Authors: Горчакова Э.Р.
Published: January 2025

Экономика России во многом зависит от экспорта минеральных и топливно-энергетических товаров. На сегодняшний день, добывающие и обрабатывающие отрасли занимают около 30% в совокупности в структуре валового внутреннего продукта. «Производство кокса и нефтепродуктов» является одной из важнейшей подотраслью обрабатывающей отрасли. Характеризовать положение дел в данной подотрасли помогут основные макроэкономические показатели: ВВП на душу населения, индекс-дефлятор и индекс физического объема. В статье рассмотрена позиция Российской Федерации в мировом топливно-энергетическом комплекса, динамика изменения основных макроэкономических показателей, выявлены причинно-следственные связи, а также рассмотрены меры поддержки государством данной подотрасли.

Russia's economy depends on exports of mineral and fuel and energy products. Today, the mining and processing industries account for about 30% of the total gross domestic product. «Production of coke and petroleum products» is one of the most important sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry. The main macroeconomic indicators: GDP per capita, the deflator index, and the physical volume index will help to characterize the situation in this sub-sector. The article examines the position of the Russian Federation in the global fuel and energy complex, the dynamics of changes in the main macroeconomic indicators, identifies cause-and-effect relationships, and considers measures of state support for this sub-category.
Бизнес-план как неотъемлемый элемент стратегического планирования
Authors: Саралинова Д.С. , Аушева Т.И.
Published: January 2025

Текущая экономическая ситуация вынуждает предприятия уделять особое внимание внутреннему планированию в условиях сложившейся неопределенности. Более прогрессивной формой такого планирования считается бизнес-план. Бизнес-планирование - это регулярная постановка целей, отслеживание прогресса в достижении этих целей и внесение изменений в бизнес процессы по мере необходимости. Именно бизнес-план является прочной основой для стратегического планирования и расстановки приоритетов. Основное внимание в работе авторы акцентирует на бизнес-плане как неотъемлемом элементе стратегического планирования. Статья раскрывает содержание понятия бизнес-план, данное направление дополняется также рассмотрением преимуществ наличия эффективного бизнес-плана. Приведен анализ взглядов исследователей на различия между бизнес-планом и стратегическим планом. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности его составления в зависимости от назначения бизнес-плана.

The current economic situation forces enterprises to pay special attention to internal planning in the face of the current uncertainty. A more progressive form of such planning is a business plan. Business planning is about setting goals on a regular basis, tracking progress towards those goals, and making changes to business processes as needed. It is the business plan that provides a solid foundation for strategic planning and prioritization. The authors focus on the business plan as an integral element of strategic planning. The article reveals the content of the concept of a business plan, this area is complemented by a consideration of the advantages of having an effective business plan. The analysis of the views of researchers on the differences between a business plan and a strategic plan is presented. The characteristic features of its preparation, depending on the purpose of the business plan, are highlighted and described.
Аудит в системе кадрового менеджмента
Authors: Толчинская М.Н.
Published: January 2025

Управление человеческими ресурсами выступает одним из главных элементов системы менеджмента качества организации. Ключевое значение приобретает комплексный подход к оценке персонала как основного движущего фактора развития компании. Статья посвящена анализу актуальных исследований в области аудита управления персоналом в организации и поиску путей решения проблемы совершенствования системы кадрового аудита на современных предприятиях.

Human resource management is one of the main elements of the organization's quality management system. An integrated approach to personnel assessment as the main driving factor of the company's development is of key importance. The article is devoted to the analysis of current research in the field of audit of personnel management in an organization and the search for ways to solve the problem of improving the system of personnel audit in modern enterprises.