bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular Health Profile predicts cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes
Authors: Rogers Wade T. , Zhang Lifeng , Welden Scott , Krieger Benjamin , Rickels Michael , Moore Jonni S. , Mohler Emile R.
Published: November 2015

Background

We previously reported the development of a novel high dimensional cytomic assay, the Vascular Health Profile (VHP) based on measurements of angiogenic circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CHSPCAng) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), that discovered a unique signature, differentiating the vascular status of diabetics and normal healthy controls. Here, we present data from a 3‐year follow‐up to evaluate the power of the VHP to identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events.

Methods

The original data were generated as previously described by measuring a broad panel of progenitor cells and EVs and profiled using cytometric fingerprinting. Subjects were classified into groups according to the occurrence of adjudicated CV events including myocardial infarction, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, revascularization, and irregular rhythm. Cross‐validated Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) models were constructed and used to predict the occurrence of events, and were evaluated for predictive accuracy (AUC, area under the curve) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Over the period of this analysis, follow‐up data was obtained on 87 subjects, with 32 events occurring overall, and only in the diabetic group. In all cases, the VHP added significant predictive power, in the form of ROC analysis, for all evaluated outcomes with the exception of irregular rhythm.

Conclusions

The VHP, a relatively simple blood test, can provide sensitive and clinically relevant information on the vascular status of a patient that may be useful for a variety of applications including drug development, clinical risk assessment, and companion diagnostics. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Recommendations for the development and validation of flow cytometry‐based receptor occupancy assays
Authors: Green Cherie L. , Stewart Jennifer J. , Högerkorp Carl‐Magnus , Lackey Alan , Jones Nicholas , Liang Meina , Xu Yuanxin , Ferbas John , Moulard Maxime , Czechowska Kamila , Mc Closkey Thomas W. , van der Strate Barry W.A. , Wilkins Danice E.C. , Lanham David , Wyant Timothy , Litwin Virginia
Published: November 2015

Receptor occupancy measurements demonstrate the binding of a biotherapeutic agent to its extra‐cellular target and represent an integral component of the pharmacodynamic (PD) portfolio utilized to advance the development and commercialization of a therapeutic agent. Coupled with traditional pharmacokinetic (PK) assessments derived from serum drug concentration, receptor occupancy data can be used to model PK/PD relationships and validate dose selection decisions throughout the drug development lifecycle. Receptor occupancy assays can be even more challenging to develop than other flow cytometric methods (e.g. surface immunophenotyping). In addition to typical considerations regarding stability of the cell type of interest, stability of the target‐bound therapeutic agent and stability of the target receptor must be taken into account. Reagent selection is also challenging as reagents need to be evaluated for the potential to compete with the therapeutic agent and bind with comparable affinity. This article provides technical guidance for the development and validation of cytometry‐based receptor occupancy assays. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Thymic output: Assessment ofCD4+recent thymic emigrants andT‐Cell receptor excision circles in infants
Authors: Ravkov Eugene , Slev Patricia , Heikal Nahla
Published: November 2015

Background

CD4+recent thymic emigrants (CD4+RTEs) constitute a subset of T cells recently generated in the thymus and exported into peripheral blood. CD4+RTEs have increased copy numbers of T‐cell receptor excision circles (TREC). They are characterized by the expression of CD31 on naïve CD4 T‐cells. We aimed to validate a flow‐cytometry assay to enumerate CD4+RTEs and assess its performance in relation to TREC measurement.

Methods

CD4+RTEs cell count in peripheral blood was measured to determine sample stability, precision, linearity, and to establish reference ranges. TRECs were measured using qPCR assay performed with DNA isolated from peripheral blood. CD4+RTEs, TRECs, and flow cytometry results for major T‐cell markers were assessed in 50 infants less than 2 years of age.

Results

Inter‐and intra‐assay precisions (% CV) were 1.5–12.2 and 1.5–7.0, respectively. Linearity studies showed that the results are linear over a range of 0.7 to 403.0 CD4+RTEs/μL of blood. There was 84% agreement (42 of 50) between CD4+RTEs and TRECs qualitative results for the infant samples. CD4+RTEs reference ranges in 17 healthy children was in agreement with published data, while that of the healthy adults were 51–609 cells/μL of blood.

Conclusion

The validation results provide acceptable measures of the CD4+RTEs test performance within CAP/CLIA frameworks. CD4+RTEs and TRECs assays show high agreement in the infant population. The CD4+RTEs test can be used as a confirmation for the TREC results along with or as an alternative to T‐cell phenotyping in infants with repeatedly low TRECs concentrations. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
HLA class I downregulation is associated with enhanced NK‐cell killing of melanoma cells with acquired drug resistance to BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Sottile Rosa , Pangigadde Pradeepa N. , Tan Thomas , Anichini Andrea , Sabbatino Francesco , Trecroci Francesca , Favoino Elvira , Orgiano Laura , Roberts James , Ferrone Soldano , Kärre Klas , Colucci Francesco , Carbone Ennio
Published: November 2015

The frequent development of drug resistance to targeted therapies in cancer patients has stimulated interest in strategies counteracting resistance. Combining immunotherapies with targeted therapies is one such strategy. In this context, we asked whether human NK cells can target melanoma cells that have acquired resistance to selective inhibitors targeting activating mutants of the B‐Raf kinase (BRAF inhibitors, BRAFi). We generated drug‐resistant cell variants in vitro from human BRAF‐mutant melanoma cell lines MEL‐HO, COLO‐38, SK‐MEL‐37, 1520 and from primary melanoma cells freshly isolated from two patients. All drug‐resistant cell variants remained susceptible to lysis by IL‐2‐activated NK cells; and two BRAFi‐resistant lines (BRAFi‐R) became significantly more susceptible to NK‐cell lysis than their parental lines. This was associated with significant HLA class I antigen downregulation and PD‐L1 upregulation on the drug‐resistant lines. Although blocking HLA class I enhanced the extent of lysis of both BRAFi‐R and parental cells to NK‐cell‐mediated lysis, antibody‐mediated inhibition of PD1–PD‐L1 interactions had no detectable effect. HLA class I antigen expression on BRAFi‐R melanoma variants thus appears to play a major role in their susceptibility to NK‐cell cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that NK‐cell‐based immunotherapy may be a viable approach to treat melanoma patients with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
CD252 regulates mast cell mediated, CD1d‐restricted NKT‐cell activation in mice
Authors: Gonzalez Roldan Nestor , Orinska Zane , Ewers Hanno , Bulfone‐Paus Silvia
Published: November 2015

The interaction between tissue‐resident mast cells (MCs) and recruited immune cells contributes to tissue immunosurveillance. However, the cells, mechanisms, and receptors involved in this crosstalk remain ill defined. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d‐restricted innate lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens and have emerged as critical players in immunity. Here, we show that primary mouse peritoneal MCs express surface CD1d, which is upregulated in vivo following administration of alpha‐galactosylceramide. In contrast, in BM‐derived MCs CD1d was found to be stored intracellularly and to relocate at the cell surface upon IgE‐mediated degranulation. Activated BM‐derived MCs expressing surface CD1d and loaded with alpha‐galactosylceramide were found to induce iNKT‐cell proliferation and the release of IFN‐γ, IL‐13, and IL‐4 in a CD1d‐restricted manner. Moreover, the costimulatory molecules CD48, CD137L, CD252, CD274, and CD275 affected MC‐induced IFN‐γ release and iNKT‐cell proliferation. Interestingly, among the costimulatory molecules, CD48 and CD252 exhibited a distinctly regulatory activity on iNKT‐cell release of both IFN‐γ and IL‐13. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the crosstalk between MCs and iNKT cells may regulate inflammatory immune responses.
Ba2InTaO6 – A Partially B‐Site‐Ordered Double Perovskite for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Song Kai , Yang Jia , Jiang Pengfei , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: November 2015

Completely B‐site‐ordered Ba2InTaO6 has been prepared previously by prolonged heating at 1500 °C; here, we significantly lowered the annealing temperature to 1130 °C under H2/Ar dynamic flow and obtained a partially ordered (ca. 74 %) double perovskite, as determined by Rietveld refinement of the powder X‐ray diffraction data. As a wide‐band‐gap semiconductor, Ba2InTaO6 possesses photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting under UV irradiation, though the gas evolution rates of 12.9 and 6.6 μmol/h/g for H2 and O2 generation, respectively, are low. With the assistance of methanol as a sacrificial reagent, the H2 evolution rate increases to 50.5 μmol/h/g, which indicates that the surficial charge recombination rate is really high. We applied the typical cocatalyst‐loading method to this material, and with 1 wt.‐% PtOx and NiOx, the H2 production rates in pure water were further improved to 16.0 and 18.4 μmol/h/g, respectively. Attempts to dope Ba2InTaO6 with first‐row transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) led to a general enhancement of the light‐harvesting ability; however, the experimental water‐splitting activity did not improve. We believe that the doped cations most likely behaved as recombination centers for photogenerated charges. Considering its structural similarity to the well‐known catalyst InTaO4:Ni, Ba2InTaO6 possesses the potential to extend its photocatalytic activity to the visible‐light region but needs further enhancement.
Heterometallic AgI–IrIII Hydride Coordination Polymers Bridged by IrIII Metalloligands
Authors: Maekawa Masahiko , Kubo Yukimi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Okubo Takashi , Kuroda‐Sowa Takayoshi , Munakata Megumu
Published: November 2015

A new type of IrIII metalloligands containing an unsaturated nitrogen coordination site, [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(pprd)]BF4·2CHCl3 (1), [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(Me2bpm)]BF4·CHCl3 (2), {[Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(Me2bpm)]PF6·CHCl3}4 (3), [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(biqz)]BF4·2CHCl3 (4), and [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(biqz)]PF6 (5), have been prepared by reaction of [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(Me2CO)2]X (X = BF4 or PF6) with 4‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrimidine (pprd), 6,6′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrimidine (Me2bpm), or 4,4′‐biquinazoline (biqz). Subsequently, three novel heterometallic AgI–IrIII hydride coordination polymers, {[Ir(H)2(μ‐pprd)(PPh3)2Ag(η‐CF3COO)]BF4·Me2CO}n (6), {[Ir(H)2(μ‐biqz)(PPh3)2Ag2(μ‐CF3COO)3]·Me2CO}n (7), and {[Ir(H)2(μ‐Me2bpm)(PPh3)2Ag2(μ‐CF3COO)2]PF6·2Me2CO}n (8) have been constructed by reaction of the IrIII metalloligands 1, 3, and 5 with AgCF3COO. In coordination polymer 6, the [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(pprd)]3+ units are linked through the AgI atoms to form a 1D zigzag chain structure. In coordination polymer 7, the dinuclear [Ag2(μ‐CF3COO)3]– units are linked through the terminal N atoms of biqz in two different [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(biqz)]3+ units to form a 1D zigzag chain structure. In coordination polymer 8, the [Ag2(μ‐CF3COO)2] frameworks are linked through the terminal N atoms of Me2bpm and the IrIII atom in two different [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(Me2bpm)]3+ units to form a waved rectangular cavity. These waved rectangular cavities are connected to each other to afford a unique 2D sheet structure.
Differential Anticancer Activities of the Geometric Isomers of Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Pandrala Mallesh , Sundaraneedi Madhu K. , Ammit Alaina J. , Woodward Clifford E. , Wallace Lynne , Keene F. Richard , Collins J. Grant
Published: November 2015

The anticancer activities of dinuclear iridium(III) complexes [{Ir(tpy)Cl}2{μ‐bbn}]4+ {Cl‐Irbbn; tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, bbn = bis[4(4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)]‐1,n‐alkane (n = 7, 12 and 16)} against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines have been determined. The activities of the Cl‐Irbbn complexes increased with increasing chain length, the Cl‐Irbb16 complex showing the best anticancer properties. However, while Cl‐Irbb16 was active against the metastatic MDA‐MB‐231 cells (3 μM), it was relatively inactive against the nonmetastatic MCF‐7 line (29 μM). The three geometric isomers of Cl‐Irbb16 were isolated and characterised by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and their anticancer activities, lipophilicities (log P) and DNA‐binding abilities were examined. The trans,trans (t,t) isomer (IC50 = 2 μM against MDA‐MB‐231) showed considerably greater anticancer activity than the cis,trans (c,t) and cis,cis (c,c) isomers (8 and 31 μM, respectively). From log P measurements, the t,t isomer of Cl‐Irbb16 (log P = –0.62) was found to be slightly more lipophilic than the other geometric isomers (–0.95 and –0.98 for the c,c and c,t isomers, respectively). Calf‐thymus (CT) DNA‐binding experiments demonstrated that the t,t isomer did induce a different alteration to the helix conformation compared to the other isomers. The results of this study also highlight the significance of the differences in three‐dimensional shape that can be obtained through geometric isomerism for octahedral coordination complexes.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted 3‐Benzazepines
Authors: Damsen Helena , Niggemann Meike
Published: November 2015

A short and highly stereoselective chiral pool synthesis of tetrahydro‐3‐benzazepines as potential drug molecules is described, using simple enantiopure amino acids as the chiral building blocks. Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation towards seven‐membered rings was achieved with high diastereoselectivity for the first time and accomplished by a biocompatible calcium catalyst. The simple and cost efficient approach allows for the variation of all substituents in the 3‐benzazepine by a change of the substitution pattern in one or more of the reagents, while leaving the general synthetic route unchanged. Furthermore, assignment of the absolute configuration of the 3‐benzazepine derivative is straightforward, based on the amino acid building block employed.
Aldol Additions of Titanium and Boron Enolates of Achiral and Chiral δ‐Lactones to Achiral Model Aldehydes: Simple and Induced Diastereoselectivities
Authors: Weber Fabian , Becker Fabian , Keller Manfred , Hillebrecht Harald , Brückner Reinhard
Published: November 2015

We studied the steric course of aldol additions of CpTiCl2 (novel) or Bu2B enolates of the unsubstituted δ‐lactone and of the four monomethylated δ‐lactones to isobutyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and para‐bromobenzaldehyde. The titanium enolates reacted syn‐selectively with >95:5 ds in most cases. The boron enolates reacted anti‐selectively without exception (ds = 98:2 to 92:8). These selectivities paired with a preferred trans‐orientation of the α‐hydroxyalkyl substituents relative to the lactone's β‐ or γ‐methyl group and with a preferred cis‐orientation relative to the lactone's δ‐methyl group. Our preparation of γ‐methyl‐δ‐lactone (20) features a tandem glycol cleavage/lactol → lactone conversion with cat. TEMPO/stoichiom. PhI(OAc)2, which we believe is novel.
Ohmic Heating and Ionic Liquids in Combination for the Indium‐Promoted Synthesis of 1‐Halo Alkenyl Compounds: Applications to Pd‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Vera L. M. , Pinto Joana , Rodríguez‐Solla Humberto , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: November 2015

We have explored the combination of ohmic heating (ΩH) with ionic liquids for indium‐promoted reactions and report herein the indium‐promoted dehalogenation of gem‐dibromo alkenes and the indium‐mediated reductive elimination of chlorohydrins for the synthesis of 1‐halo alkenyl derivatives. Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Kumada and Sonogashira couplings of the resulting 1‐halo‐1‐alkenes with appropriate reagents were carried out to give alkenes, dienes and enynes.
O‐Benzylation of Carboxylic Acids Using 2,4,6‐Tris(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TriBOT) under Acidic or Thermal Conditions
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Yoshida Saki , Fujita Hikaru , Kitamura Masanori , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: November 2015

Two methods for the synthesis of benzyl esters from carboxylic acids using the O‐benzylating reagent 2,4,6‐tris(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TriBOT) have been developed. The reactions were conducted either in the presence of a catalytic amount of TfOH at room temperature (acidic conditions) or in the absence of TfOH at 180–230 °C (thermal conditions). Interestingly, the O‐benzylation of hydroxy carboxylic acids under the two conditions afforded different products: The dibenzylated product under acidic conditions and the hydroxy ester under thermal conditions. In addition to these results, other evidence indicated that the former reaction proceeds through an SN1‐type mechanism, and the latter by an SN2‐type mechanism.
Triflimide‐Catalysed Rearrangement of N‐(1‐Trimethylsilyl)allylhydrazones Results in the Formation of Vinylsilanes and Cyclopropanes
Authors: Dittrich Sebastian , Bracher Franz
Published: November 2015

A synthesis of terminal vinylsilanes by triflimide‐catalysed rearrangement of N‐(1‐trimethylsilyl)allylhydrazones is reported. This protocol provides a convenient access to versatile olefinic building blocks through a traceless bond construction. Hydrazones derived from aromatic aldehydes give cis‐cyclopropanes in an unexpected side‐reaction.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Direct ortho‐C–H Acylation of Arenes with Aldehydes under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Chen Shuqing , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: November 2015

Palladium‐catalyzed ortho‐acylation of arenes with aldehydes in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant under aqueous conditions has been demonstrated. The acylation reaction exhibits excellent regioselectivity and wide functional group tolerance.
Enantioselective Construction of the Biologically Important Cyclopenta[1,4]diazepine Framework Enabled by Asymmetric Catalysis by Chiral Spiro‐Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Sun Meng , Wang Yang , Yin Lei , Cao Yang‐Yan , Shi Feng
Published: November 2015

A chiral spiro‐phosphoric‐acid‐catalyzed asymmetric approach for constructing the biologically important cyclopenta[1,4]diazepine scaffold with high enantioselectivity (up to 98:2 er) has been established through the use of three‐component tandem reactions of cyclopentane‐1,3‐dione, 1,2‐phenylenediamine, and isatins under mild reaction conditions. Among a series of chiral phosphoric acids, spiro‐phosphoric acid exhibited the highest catalytic activity on controlling the enantioselectivity of the three‐component tandem reaction. This reaction represents the first catalytic asymmetric construction of chiral cyclopenta[1,4]diazepine frameworks with structural diversity. The approach also constitutes the first systematic investigation on this catalytic asymmetric three‐component reaction, which will enrich the fields of both organocatalysis and catalytic asymmetric multicomponent reactions.
The identity of Campylocentrum sellowii (Angraecinae‐Orchidaceae): clarifying on its circumscription and lectotypifications
Authors: Pessoa Edlley , Alves Marccus
Published: November 2015

Cogniaux reviewed the Brazilian species of Campylocentrum and recognized Campylocentrum aciculatum and C. sellowii as distinct species. In his study, he also included two specimens of C. ornithorrhynchum among the material of C. sellowii. Examination of the type specimens shows that C. sellowii and C. aciculatum are the same species, and C. ornithorhyncum is a distinct species. The aim of this study is to clarify the identity of C. sellowii and expand the description to include the concept of C. aciculatum and exclude the floral characters of C. ornithorrhyncum. It also provides an illustration, distribution map, key, lectotypifications of the treated names and discussion of its affinities with related species. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase C expression as a predictor of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Yue‐Ju , Huang Tse‐Hung , Hsiao Michael , Lin Been‐Ren , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Yang Cheng‐Ning , Lai Wei‐Ting , Wu Tai‐Sheng , Fan Jia‐Ruei , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Chang Cheng‐Chi
Published: November 2015

Background

Glycolysis machinery regulates cancer cell behavior. However, the roles of these glycolysis enzymes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression remain unknown.

Methods

Fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) expression in OSCC patients and cell lines was detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The functions of ALDOC in migration and invasion were determined using gain and loss of function approaches. An orthotopic OSCC animal model was performed to investigate the effects of ALDOC on metastasis and tumorigenesis in vivo.

Results

ALDOC expression is negatively significantly correlated with clinical outcome and cell migration in vitro and in vivo. ALDOC blocks adenosine triphosphate generation and lactate production, and mutation constructs of Arg42 and Lys146 functionally restore ALDOC‐inhibited cell migration and invasion.

Conclusion

ALDOC functions as an OSCC prognosis marker clinically, and suppresses migration and invasion by its catalytic domain of Arg42 and Lys146. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1075–E1085, 2016
When does spatial resolution become spurious in probabilistic flood inundation predictions?
Authors: Savage James Thomas Steven , Bates Paul , Freer Jim , Neal Jeffrey , Aronica Giuseppe
Published: November 2015

Advances in remote sensing have enabled hydraulic models to run at fine scale resolutions, producing precise flood inundation predictions. However, running models at finer resolutions increase their computational expense, reducing the feasibility of running the multiple model realizations required to undertake uncertainty analysis. Furthermore, it is possible that precision gained by running fine scale models is smoothed out when treating models probabilistically. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of spatial complexity that is required when making probabilistic flood inundation predictions. The Imera basin, Sicily is used as a case study to assess how changing the spatial resolution of the hydraulic model LISFLOOD‐FP impacts on the skill of conditional probabilistic flood inundation maps given model parameter and boundary condition uncertainties. We find that model performance deteriorates at resolutions coarser than 50 m. This is predominantly caused by changes in flow pathways at coarser resolutions which lead to non‐stationarity in the optimum model parameters at different spatial resolutions. However, although it is still possible to produce probabilistic flood maps that contain a coherent outline of the flood extent at coarser resolutions, the reliability of these maps deteriorates at resolutions coarser than 100 m. Additionally, although the rejection of non‐behavioural models reduces the uncertainty in probabilistic flood maps the reliability of these maps is also reduced. Models with resolutions finer than 50 m offer little gain in performance yet are more than an order of magnitude computationally expensive which can become infeasible when undertaking probabilistic analysis. Furthermore, we show that using deterministic, high‐resolution flood maps can lead to a spurious precision that would be misleading and not representative of the overall uncertainties that are inherent in making inundation predictions. Copyright © 2015 The Authors Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of motivation and positive affect on ego depletion: Replenishment versus release mechanism
Authors: Zhu Ze , Li Jian , Zhang Bo , Li Ye , Zhang Houcan
Published: November 2015

In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing‐out‐letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self‐regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to perform an additional unexpected dumbbell task after a neutral video following the above procedure. The results of Experiment 1 were replicated; however, participants' performance on the additional dumbbell task differed. The positive affect group performed better than the depletion control group, indicating an increase in self‐regulatory resources and thus supporting the replenishment effect of positive affect. No significant difference was found between the motivation group and the depletion control group.
A new fluorescent dye for cell tracing and mitochondrial imaging in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Press Adrian T. , Ungelenk Luisa , Rinkenauer Alexandra C. , Gröger Marko , Lehmann Frank , Mosig Alexander , Schubert Ulrich S. , Clemens Mark G. , Bauer Michael
Published: November 2015

Mitochondria contribute to redox and calcium balance, and apoptosis thus regulating cellular fate. In the present study, mitochondrial staining applying a novel dye, V07‐07059, was performed in human embryonic kidney cells, a human vascular endothelial cell line and primary human mononuclear cells. The new fluorescent mega Stokes dye (peak excitation: 488 nm, peak emission: 554 nm) showed superior fluorescent properties and stability. V07‐07059 stains mitochondria dependent on their membrane potential and is safe to use in vitro and in vivo. Unlike other dyes applied in this context (e.g. Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester), V07‐07059 only marginally inhibits mitochondrial respiration and function. V07‐07059 enables real time imaging of mitochondrial trafficking and remodeling. Prolonged staining with V07‐07059 demonstrated the dyes suitability as a novel probe to track cells. In comparison to the widely used standard for cell proliferation and tracking studies 5(6)‐diacetate N‐succinimidyl ester, V07‐07059 proved superior regarding toxicity and photostability.

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405 nm versus 633 nm for protoporphyrin IX excitation in fluorescence‐guided stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors
Authors: Markwardt Niklas A. , Haj‐Hosseini Neda , Hollnburger Bastian , Stepp Herbert , Zelenkov Petr , Rühm Adrian
Published: November 2015

Fluorescence diagnosis may be used to improve the safety and reliability of stereotactic brain tumor biopsies using biopsy needles with integrated fiber optics. Based on 5‐aminolevulinic‐acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, vital tumor tissue can be localized in vivo during the excision procedure to reduce the number of necessary samples for a reliable diagnosis.

In this study, the practical suitability of two different PpIX excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 633 nm) was investigated on optical phantoms. Violet excitation at 405 nm provides a 50‐fold higher sensitivity for the bulk tumor; this factor increases up to 100 with decreasing fluorescent volume as shown by ray tracing simulations. Red excitation at 633 nm, however, is noticeably superior with regard to blood layers obscuring the fluorescence. Experimental results on the signal attenuation through blood layers of well‐defined thicknesses could be confirmed by ray tracing simulations. Typical interstitial fiber probe measurements were mimicked on agarose‐gel phantoms. Even in direct contact, blood layers of 20–40 µm between probe and tissue must be expected, obscuring 405‐nm‐excited PpIX fluorescence almost completely, but reducing the 633‐nm‐excited signal only by 25.5%. Thus, 633 nm seems to be the wavelength of choice for PpIX‐assisted detection of high‐grade gliomas in stereotactic biopsy.

PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.

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PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.
Molecular Dynamics Studies on D835N Mutation in FLT3—Its Impact on FLT3 Protein Structure
Authors: Swetha Rayapadi G. , Ramaiah Sudha , Anbarasu Anand
Published: November 2015

Mutations in Fetal Liver Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) genes are implicated in the constitutive activation and development of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). They are involved in signalling pathway of autonomous proliferation and block differentiation in leukaemia cells. FLT3 is considered as a promising target for the therapeutic intervention of AML. There are a few missense mutations associated with FLT3 that are found in AML patients. The D835N mutation is the most frequently observed and the aspartic acid in this position acts as a key residue for the receptor activation. The present study aims to understand the structural effect of D835N mutation in FLT3. We carried out the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for a period of 120 ns at 300 K. Root‐mean square deviation, root‐mean square fluctuations, surface accessibility, radius of gyration, hydrogen bond, eigenvector projection analysis, trace of covariance matrix, and density analysis revealed the instability of mutant (D835N) protein. Our study provides new insights on the conformational changes in the mutant (D835N) structure of FLT3 protein. Our observations will be useful for researchers exploring AML and for the development of FLT3 inhibitors. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1439–1445, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NME1L Negatively Regulates IGF1‐Dependent Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: You Dong‐Joo , Mander Sunam , Park Cho Rong , Koo Okjae , Lee Cheolju , Oh Seong‐Hyun , Ahn Curie , Seong Jae Young , Hwang Jong‐Ik
Published: November 2015

Non‐metastatic cells 1 (NME1) or nm23 is the first metastasis suppressor gene discovered. It functions through various enzymatic activities and interacts with many intracellular proteins. The NME1 gene encodes two splicing variants, NME1 and NME1L. Most studies have focused on NME1 because of its abundance in cells. We previously reported NME1L‐mediated suppression of NF‐κB signaling by interacting with and inhibiting IKKβ. In this study, we demonstrated that NME1L, but not NME1, mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, although both NME1 and NME1L were involved in suppressing metastasis. A reporter gene assay was performed to determine the growth signaling pathway regulated by NME1L but none of the growth factors tested could induce an NF‐κB‐dependent luciferase expression except TNFα. Interestingly, SRE‐reporter gene activation by IGF1 was significantly downregulated, along with reduction of ERK phosphorylation in NME1L expressing cells, compared to vector or NME1 expressing cells. NME1L directly interacted with KSR1, which is a scaffold for Raf‐1, MEK, and ERK, that regulates ERK activation. Hence, NME1L plays a crucial role in regulation of cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF1‐stimulated ERK phosphorylation through N‐terminal 25 amino acid‐mediated interaction with KSR1. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1454–1463, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biogenic and bio‐structured inorganic materials in heterogeneous catalysis: a brief overview
Authors: Hargreaves Justin SJ , Alharthi Abdulrahman I
Published: November 2015

This mini‐review highlights some research results related to the production and application of biogenic and biomorphic materials in catalysis. Such approaches are of interest for the preparation of materials of unusual and well defined morphology, as well as the recovery of valuable resources from waste streams. Areas covered are the application of biogenic iron oxide occurring as a natural waste in the form of iron ochre which can cause issues in water management, the application of biogenic manganese oxide materials formed from manganese rich media (and therefore possibly playing a role in water remediation), the application of bacteria for the preparation of metal nanoparticles of potential relevance to precious metal recovery from waste streams and the application of natural biological materials as templates for biomorphic inorganic materials of controlled and unusual uniform morphology. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide clopyralid: kinetics, degradation pathways and ecotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Berberidou Chrysanthi , Kitsiou Vasiliki , Karahanidou Sofia , Lambropoulou Dimitra A , Kouras Athanasios , Kosma Christina I , Albanis Triantafyllos A , Poulios Ioannis
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Photocatalytic decomposition and mineralization of the herbicide clopyralid in aqueous solutions has been studied, aiming at an extended kinetic analysis, the elucidation of potential degradation pathways and the determination of ecotoxicity.

RESULTS

The pseudo‐first‐order degradation kinetics was studied under different operational conditions, such as type of photocatalyst, catalyst loading, initial pH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. The degradation rates proved to be strongly influenced by these parameters. Organic chlorine and nitrogen were easily converted into inorganic in the presence of TiO2 P25, resulting in 90% conversion in both cases within 180 min of illumination, while conversion was enhanced in the presence of H2O2. Ten possible transformation products were identified by means of LC‐DAD‐ESI/MS analysis. Acute toxicity profiles using marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri showed an increasing trend during the first 60 min of illumination, which thereafter, progressively decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

Intermediates were formed mainly through pyridine ring transformation, dechlorination and decarboxylation reactions. The increasing trend in ecotoxicity at the first stages of degradation could be attributed to the progressive formation of intermediates more toxic than the parent molecule, or due to synergistic effects among the transformation products. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Hominin subsistence and site function of TD10.1 bone bed level at Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca) during the late Acheulean
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hidalgo Antonio , Saladié Palmira , Ollé Andreu , Carbonell Eudald
Published: November 2015

In a recent paper, Stiner reviewed certain trends in the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) economy and social behaviour, including most notably galvanization of the prime‐age ungulate hunting niche, and the intensification of occupations in the form of domestic–residential camps. However, the emergence of these trends is blurred when we observe the European archaeological record before Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7. Our aim in this paper is to test the validity of some key arguments related to subsistence and occupation to assess the Lower Palaeolithic roots of these MP trends, using the faunal record of the TD10.1 bone bed level (ca. 300 ka) at Gran Dolina (Atapuerca). The taphonomic results from this level indicate an assemblage composed almost exclusively of prime‐age ungulates. Anthropogenic marks are very abundant, reflecting a wide variety of domestic activities. Early primary access to the carcasses by hominins, indicated by the taxonomic and mortality patterns, suggests the procurement of animal carcasses by regular hunting. Red deer, accompanied in lower proportions by other prey species, reinforce the selective character of the hominin subsistence strategies at the Gran Dolina TD10.1 bone bed, expanding temporally and geographically our documentation of the MP hominin predatory niche. Taphonomy, together with other results from technology and archaeo‐stratigraphy, suggest that the bone bed accumulation reflects long‐term hominin use of the site as a residential base camp, suggesting deep roots for the observed MP subsistence and occupational patterns.
The effects of Mg enrichment of vegetable sprouts on Mg concentration, yield and ROS generation
Authors: Przybysz Arkadiusz , Wrochna Mariola , Małecka‐Przybysz Monika , Gawrońska Helena , Gawroński Stanisław W
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Two‐thirds of the world's population do not consume the recommended amount of Mg, hence the demand for the production of Mg‐enriched plants. Sprouts represent promising targets for enrichment. This study evaluated the effects of enriching broccoli, radish, alfalfa and mung bean sprouts with Mg (50–300 mg L−1) on (i) the concentration of Mg and other ions, (ii) biomass accumulation, (iii) levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (iv) the activity/content of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic components of antioxidative systems.

RESULTS

Enrichment of sprouts with Mg led to a significant increase in Mg concentration, especially in alfalfa (increase of 23–152 %), without depletion of other ions. A higher Mg concentration had a minor effect on biomass accumulation, but increased, often significantly, ROS generation and affected enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidative systems. The level of O2•− increased most in broccoli, by 59–158%, while OH• increased most in radish, by 200–350%.

CONCLUSIONS

Enrichment of sprouts with Mg is possible, but attention must be paid to elevated ROS levels in food. Mung bean sprouts are best suited to enrichment as they make a considerable contribution to the daily supplementation of Mg, at still low levels of ROS in enriched plants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
An anatomical and histological study of the vascularized iliotibial tract graft
Authors: Tokumoto Hideki , Akita Shinsuke , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki , Hasegawa Masakazu , Kubota Yoshitaka , Adachi Naoki , Suzuki Takane , Satoh Kaneshige
Published: November 2015

Background

An examination of the vascular anatomy of the iliotibial tract (IT) has not been previously reported. Because a flap resists infection better than an avascular graft, a vascularized IT graft is useful for reconstructive surgeries pertaining to infected wounds or wounds in contact with artificial material. The purpose of this study was to examine the vascular anatomy of the IT.

Materials and Methods

The study sample consisted of 39 limbs of freshly frozen cadavers. The study was divided into three parts. The ascending and transverse branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) of all cadavers were injected with latex. Distance from the tensor fasciae latae muscle and the most distal point at which the vessel on the IT was stained by latex was recorded. A microscopic observation was performed for these limbs. The deep femoral artery (DFA) or superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) was also observed.

Results

The length of the IT fed by the LCFA was 162.3 ± 36.2 mm. The IT vascularity was located between the layered structure of the fascia and there was a vascular source for the IT within 1 mm above the IT by optical microscopy. The vascularity derived from the DFA or SLGA was not confirmed in any specimens.

Conclusions

Blood supply of the IT was derived from the LCFA and a vascularized IT graft could be elevated in length to approximately 16 cm. This knowledge may be useful for improving the safety of surgery when transferring an IT flap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:325–329, 2016.
Randomized algorithms for generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problems with application to computing Karhunen–Loève expansion
Authors: Saibaba Arvind K. , Lee Jonghyun , Kitanidis Peter K.
Published: November 2015

We describe randomized algorithms for computing the dominant eigenmodes of the generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem Ax = λBx, with A Hermitian and B Hermitian and positive definite. The algorithms we describe only require forming operations Ax,Bx and B−1x and avoid forming square roots of B (or operations of the form, B1/2x or B−1/2x). We provide a convergence analysis and a posteriori error bounds and derive some new results that provide insight into the accuracy of the eigenvalue calculations. The error analysis shows that the randomized algorithm is most accurate when the generalized singular values of B−1A decay rapidly. A randomized algorithm for the generalized singular value decomposition is also provided. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on computing an approximation to the Karhunen–Loève expansion, which involves a computationally intensive generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem with rapidly decaying eigenvalues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining Readiness for Internship: A Complex Process
Authors: Riccio Cynthia A. , Cook Krystal T. , Fenning Pam , Harris Abigail M.
Published: November 2015

A recent focus within professional psychology training has been the definition of universal or core competencies deemed important for mastery by all individuals training as health service providers at key transition points in their doctoral programs (e.g., program entry, pre‐practicum, pre‐internship, and pre‐independent practice). A related challenge has been identifying valid behavioral anchors and methods to assess these universal competencies. Of particular interest across the professional psychology areas (School, Clinical, and Counseling) has been the identification of minimal standards for internship readiness. To explore the extent to which School Psychology doctoral programs have embraced the competency approach to internship readiness and the process by which internship readiness is determined, directors of doctoral School Psychology programs were surveyed. Based on the responses, there is consensus that professional competencies are considered and that students need to be close to completion of degree program requirements prior to receiving approval for internship. However, significant variability regarding how competencies and readiness are evaluated across programs exists. Further discussion of doctoral School Psychology program and training council expectations for students as they apply for internship is warranted.
PERCEPTIONS OF COMPETENCIES AMONG SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY TRAINERS AND PRACTITIONERS: WHAT MATTERS?
Authors: Fenning Pamela , Diaz Yahaira , Valley‐Gray Sarah , Cash Ralph “Gene” , Spearman Caroline , Hazel Cynthia E. , Grunewald Stephanie , Riccio Cynthia , Harris Abigail
Published: November 2015

Increasingly, professional training programs are dealing with the need for competency‐based assessments of student learning outcomes. This is particularly challenging in fields such as school psychology, with competencies identified by multiple accrediting bodies and state requirements. The primary goal of this study was to examine the degree to which competencies espoused by differing accrediting bodies are perceived as important among school psychologists. One hundred nineteen participants responded to questions regarding the importance of competencies and foundational knowledge as delineated by the American Psychological Association, National Association of School Psychologists, Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation, state boards/departments of education, and best practices in the field. Findings indicated that respondents endorsed most skills as “Very Important” or “Extremely Important,” with slightly less favorable ratings for competencies addressing advocacy and supervision. Factor analysis of the items revealed a three‐factor structure labeled teaching/supervision, intervention, and assessment.
ENSURING THE AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY DOCTORAL INTERNSHIPS
Authors: Harris Abigail M.
Published: November 2015

Currently, only a small percentage of internships accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) are filled by school psychology interns and only a few of the available APA internship positions are in schools. Program data submitted online to APA indicate that many interns are in sites that meet the guidelines adopted by the Council of Directors of School Psychology Programs (CDSPP). This article compares the APA internship accreditation policies with the CDSPP internship guidelines and draws on several sources of internship and program data to analyze the “supply” and “demand” issues for school psychology programs and interns.
INTERNSHIP TRAINING DIRECTORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNSHIP APPLICANTS
Authors: Mahoney Emery B. , Perfect Michelle M. , Edwinson Roxanne M.
Published: November 2015

Since the mid‐1990s, an imbalance between the number of available American Psychological Association (APA)‐accredited internships and applicants has existed. In 2014, 14% of predoctoral psychology students who applied for internships accredited by the APA or members of the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) did not obtain an internship. In 2014, school psychology students were less successful in obtaining APA or APPIC internships than either clinical or counseling psychology students. This may be, in part, because only 51% of APA‐accredited internships that report that children and/or adolescents are a major population served during the internship permitted school psychology students to apply. The present research investigated why internship training directors allow school psychology students to apply, or prohibit them from applying, for their internship training program by surveying and interviewing training directors of APA‐accredited internship programs. The results suggest that program type alone is often used to determine applicant desirability. Additionally, several perceived strengths and weaknesses of school psychology students were identified based on training director responses. These findings are used to make recommendations for students, training program directors, and internship training programs.
Extensive fragmentation of pheophytin‐a by infrared multiphoton dissociation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Juan , O'Connor Peter B.
Published: November 2015

Rationale

In a previous tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) study on chlorophyll‐a, infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) was demonstrated as a more effective fragmentation method than collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and electron‐induced dissociation (EID), where odd‐electron product ions were observed ubiquitously in CID and IRMPD. To further understand the role of the macrocycle and the central Mg atom in the MS/MS process, the fragmentation behaviour of pheophytin‐a, the Mg‐free chlorophyll‐a, was investigated.

Methods

CID, IRMPD, and EID were applied to the singly protonated pheophytin‐a using an ultra‐high‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. The result is compared with the MS/MS study of chlorophyll‐a.

Results

For pheophytin‐a, some different fragmentation patterns from chlorophyll‐a were obtained by all three MS/MS methods, but IRMPD still appears the most efficient method of generating product ions. The detection of odd‐electron fragments in the CID and IRMPD spectra of protonated pheophytin‐a suggests that the macrocyclic structure effectively stabilizes radicals, and these radical ions seem to have a relatively higher abundance in the presence of the central Mg atom.

Conclusions

The strong absorption in the infrared region of pheophytin‐a and secondary free radical rearrangement are proposed to explain the extensive frgmentation in IRMPD spectra. In addition, a comparison of the IRMPD spectra of chlorophyll‐a and pheophytin‐a shows that the macrocycle in the absence of the Mg atom is much more fragile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.