bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Dynamics of Single Void during Czochralski Silicon Crystal Growth Using Phase-Field Modeling
Authors: Wang Jin , Guan Xiao Jun , Zhang Xiang Yu , Zeng Qing Kai
Published: June 2014

To investigate the growth dynamics of the single void during Czochralski silicon growth as well as capture the basic features of the diffusion-controlled dynamic mechanisms, a phase field method has been developed. The free energy of the system involving the chemical free energy and the gradient energy is presented. Numerical tests were performed to examine the capability of this model, and the results show that: the void grows due to the absorption of vacancies in the matrix, which essentially reduces the free energy of the system; with the growth of the void, there forms vacancy concentration gradient towards the void in the matrix; the increase of initial vacancy concentration contributes to a larger void size and growth rate.
Study on Fabrication and Properties of In Situ Si and Al2O3 Particulate Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zhang Song Li , Zhang Zhen Kun , Zhao Yuao
Published: June 2014

The properties of in-situ (Si+Al2O3)/Al composites fabricated from Al-SiO2 reaction system are investigated by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimetry technologies. The results indicate that the Si phase is plate shaped and the Al2O3 phase is mainly round and ellipsoidal. The composite prepared by this method have performances of low density, high conductivity and small thermal expansion coefficient (<10×10-6/K) which meets the performance requirements of electronic packaging materials.
Effects of Mono-And Dianhydrides on Thermal and Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Polybenzoxazine: A Property Comparison
Authors: Rimdusit Sarawut , Punuch Wareerat , Jubsilp Chanchra
Published: June 2014

Recent development of polybenzoxazines focuses primarily on broadening their thermal and mechanical properties such as their glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature as well as their flexibility and toughness. In this work, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of mono-or dianhydrides can improve both properties of polybenzoxazines but with different manner. Polybenzoxazine property enhancement by phthalic anhydride, PA, (monofunction) and pyromellitic dianhydride, PMDA, (bifunction) are systematically investigated and compared. It was observed that both mono-and dianhydrides can form covalent bonds through ester linkages with benzoxazine resin as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique. From thermogravimetric studies, degradation temperature of both anhydrides modified polybenzoxazines shows substantial improvement with increasing the amount of the anhydrides. Furthermore, char formation of the polybenzoxazine copolymers exhibits synergistic behavior with an addition of the dianhydride whereas that of monoanhydride-modified system shows a linear increase. On the other hand, it was found that tensile strength and elongation at break of monoanhydride modified polybenzoxazine are significantly greater than those of dianhydride-modified system comparing at the same mole fraction of the modifiers. However, tensile moduli of PA-and PMDA-modified polybenzoxazines are about the same and reveal an increasing trend with an addition of both types of anhydrides. The above results suggest effective methods to improve thermal properties of the polybenzoxazine with an incorporation of the dianhydride while better mechanical properties require monoanhydride as a polybenzoxazine modifier. The resulting copolymers can be used as high temperature matrix for carbon or glass fiber reinforced composite products.
Effect of Rubber Contents on Tribological and Thermomechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazine
Authors: Jubsilp Chanchira , Rimdusit Sarawut , Takeichi Tsutomu
Published: June 2014

Bisphenol-A/aniline based polybenzoxazine (PBZ) modified with amine terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile (ATBN) were prepared. The tribological and thermomechanical properties as well as thermal stability of the PBZ/ATBN copolymers were investigated by ball-on-disc tribometer, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), universal test machine and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The inclusion of ATBN at a mass fraction of 5% was found to greatly increase friction coefficient and wear resistance of the copolymers. DMA measurements showed that the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of the PBZ can be maintained with an addition of ATBN in the range of 1-5wt%. Moreover, flexural property measurements indicated that the flexural strength of the copolymer increased with increasing of ATBN content up to 10wt% whereas TGA results revealed that an increase of the PBZ content can help improve thermal stability of the copolymers.
Thermally Induced Vibration Analysis of Composite Laminate Based on Equivalent Displacement Method
Authors: Kong Xiang Hong , Wang Zhi Jin
Published: June 2014

Thermally induced vibration (TIV) of composite laminate subjected to suddenly applied heating is studied using finite element (FE) method in this paper. Some Python programs written by the authors are used to process the data of the analysis flow, and complete the pre- and post-process of FE models used in the four analyses. An equivalent displacement method is proposed to calculate equivalent temperature load. Dynamic responses of six composite laminates with different sizes are analyzed with solid FE models and shell FE models. The results gotten by FE method are in close proximity to that gotten by classic theory and shear theory under certain conditions. It is proved that the TIV analysis method proposed in this paper is reliable and efficient. The TIV analysis with FE method based on equivalent displacement method can solve the dynamic response of a structure due to sudden changes of temperature or suddenly applied heating.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Sn-Doped Zno with and without O Vacancy
Authors: Lai Xiao Chun , Hou Yi Bin , Sun Zhen Hui , Chen Lan Li
Published: June 2014

A systematic study on electronic and optical properties of Sn-doped ZnO with and without O vacancy has been performed using first-principles method. Our results revealed that the band gap of Sn-doped ZnO without O vacancy become narrow, demonstrating as red-shift and the electrons near the Fermi level originates from the delocalized Sn-5s. However, as O vacancy is introduced, Sn-5p states locate near the Fermi level. Furthermore, it is found that the optical absorption edge has been obviously changed after Sn doping in ZnO with and without O vacancy. Interestingly, in the low energy region, one new peak is observed for Sn-doped ZnO with O vacancy, due to the electron transition between Sn-5p and O-2p. The calculated results identify that O vacancy can improve the absorption of the visible light in Sn-doped ZnO.
Research on Evaluation of Vibration Isolation Efficiency Based on Power Flow Analysis
Authors: Weng Xue Tao , Huo Rui , Li Shu Ying , Liu Cui Ping
Published: June 2014

Problems of estimation of vibration isolation effectiveness are discussed based on vibratory power flow analysis, and a new insertion loss character — power flow insertion loss is proposed for evaluation of isolation efficiency. Spectra characteristics of the power flow insertion loss and their relationship with transmitted power flow and vibration level difference are investigated through numerical simulation. And in consideration of the inconvenience of practical testing of insertion loss and power flow, an attempt is made to set up numerical correspondence between power flow insertion loss and the current widely applied vibration level difference measurement, through theoretical analysis and experiments.
Deep Hole of AISI P20 Mold Steel Material by Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Jamkamon Kamonpong , Pichai Janmanee
Published: June 2014

This research aimed to study the machining efficiency of AISI P20 steel by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) using rod copper electrode to machining material by 50 mm depth of machining was mainly assessed from Materials Removal Rate (MRR) and Electrode Wear Ratio (EWR). From the experiment designed to use Taguchi technique of data analysis and suitable parameter prediction, the highest MRR was at on-time of 150 μs, off-time of 2 μs and electric current level was at 15 A or 0.25 A/mm2. Predicted value was at 19.2395 mm3/min which was equal to real experiment, showing Materials Removal Rate of 19.647 mm3/min (with error of 2.12 percent) .Moreover, it was found that gap would increase with the size of electrode and depth of machining caused by movement of particles removed from side surface of electrode, which cause micro sparks at the side of the material workpiece.
Effect of Machining Parameters and Wear Mechanism in Milling Mold Steel AISI-P20 and AISI-1050
Authors: Pichai Janmanee , Wonthaisong Somchai , Araganont Dollathum
Published: June 2014

In this study, effect of machining parameters and wear mechanism in milling process of mold steel AISI-P20 and AISI-1050, using 10 mm twin flute type end mill diameter. The experimental results found that characteristics of milling surfaces and wear of the mill end were directly influenced by changes of parameters for all test conditions. As a result, the quality of milling surfaces also changed. However, mould steels which had the good quality surface is AISI-1050, with roughnesses of 2.120 μm. Quality milling surfaces were milled by using the most suitable parameter feed rate of 45 mm/min, a spindle speed of 637 rpm and a cut depth level of 3 mm, for both grades. Moreover, material removal rate and duration of the milling process, the milling end mills affect wear of the edge in every bite when the feed rate is low, high speed and level depth of cut at least. It was found that limited wear less will affect the surface roughness (Ra) represents the good quality surface.
LQR+PID Control and Implementation of Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot
Authors: Zheng Bang Gui , Huang Yi Bin , Qiu Cong Ying
Published: June 2014

A two-wheeled self-balancing robot system is designed, which uses TMS320LF2407DSP as the controller and Mio-x AHRS module as the main sensor. The dynamic model of robot is analyzed by state space model and transfer function. Robot’s physical system control is guided by the result from simulation experiments. A LQR+PID control method is put forward by comparing advantages and disadvantages of LQR control and PID control. The experiments result shows that this control method cuts down the design cycle, and also has a strong robustness. It is suitable for the multi-variable, high-rank, strongly coupling, non-linear two-wheeled self-balancing robot control.
Sensitivity Analysis of Flexible Pavement Parameters by Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide
Authors: Li Xiao Yan , Zhang Ran , Zhao Xin , Wang Hai Nian
Published: June 2014

The sensitivity analysis of performance for flexible pavement can be used to study the influence of every parameters, which can help optimization design and performance evaluation of the pavement structure. In this research, three asphalt layers and four asphalt layers were selected to study the sensitivity of traffic and material parameters based on MEPDG method. Some computer aided engineering simulation techniques, such as the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) technique and the multiple regression analysis are used as auxiliary means. The single factorial sensitivity analysis method was used to calculate the sensitivity of traffic and material parameters and to validate the result of sensitivity analysis in multiple regression process based on MEPDG. The result shows that, about traffic parameters, Two-way AADT, Dual tire spacing and Vehicle operational speed are more significant than other parameters. The largest effects on rutting are due to Air Void--2, Air Void--1, Poisson' Ratio--1 and Poisson' Ratio--2. However, it is different on cracking, where the largest effects are due to Air Void--1, Poisson' Ratio--1, and Efficient Binder Content--1.
Design of a Robot Applied to Inspection of Power Transmission Lines
Authors: Mahouin Antoine , Gonçalves Rogério Sales
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the process of designing the mechanical part of a robotic system able to travel autonomously on power transmission lines, to inspect them. Such a robot has to do more than just rolling on the power transmission line. Obstacles are plenty on these hundreds of kilometers long cables, and towers are regularly standing along the line. Solutions to solve this problem have already been proposed by many researchers, but none of them entirely managed to achieve a complete solution of the problem. As a part of the total project, this work does not have for ambition to solve the entire problem, but to bring new elements of solutions. First is performed a revision of existing robots. After, is presented the robot characteristics and finally a first prototype of the robot is presented.
Application of Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Carbon Price Forecasting
Authors: Tsai Ming Tang , Kuo Yu Teing
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a carbon price forecasting system for the participants to quickly and accurately predict the carbon price. The data including the carbon trading price, oil price, coal price and gas price, are first calculated and the data clusters are embedded in the Excel Database by year and season. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is constructed in the searching process. The optimal parameters obtained from the RBFNN enable the learning rate parameters to regulate and improve the predicting errors during the training process, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of predictions. By linking the RBFNN and Excel Database, the training stages of the RBFNN retrieve the input data from the Excel Database so that the efficiency and accuracy of the predicting system can be analyzed. Simulation results in this paper will provide an accurate and real-time method for participants to forecast carbon price and raise the market competition in a carbon trading market.
Reliability Analysis and Prediction of Metro Vehicles’ Bogie Frame
Authors: Qin Yong , Zhang Zhen Yu , Shi Jing Xuan
Published: June 2014

Frame is the main bearing component of bogie and the reliability of which directly affects the performance and safety of the locomotive. Survival analysis is used for reliability analysis of bogie frame to solve uncertain life time problem. It turns out that the best life distribution model is three-parameter Weibull distribution. A prediction model of failure rate composed of PSO-BP is came up with to predict the failure rate of bogie frame accurately.
The Investigation of Turbulence Models Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Rui , Tang Chang Hong
Published: June 2014

The algebraic model, one-equation model, two equation models are Analyzed in the paper. Focusing on the k-ε turbulent model contains (the standard k-εturbulence model, RNG k-εmodel, Realizable k-ε model), and the origin of the shear stress transport model, Reynolds stress equation model on mathematical and physical model is discussed.the advantages and disadvantages of each model is Pointed out ,And the future development direction of turbulent model and improvement measures are proposed on the paper.
Plasticization of Cellulose Diacetate by Ionic Liquid
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Jing Wen , Wang Hua Ping
Published: June 2014

Three ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium terafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMOTF) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) were applied as the plasticizers of CDA. Among three ILs, BMIMBF4 was considered to be the most effective plasticizer, which was confirmed by TGA and DMA. The interaction between ILs and CDA was also investigated.
Wear Resistance of Ti-40Zr Alloy with TiN and ZrN Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Dias Felipe C. , Silva Cosme Roberto Moreira , Muterlle Palloma Vieira , Henriques Vinicius A.R. , Araújo José A.
Published: June 2014

Production and processing of titanium alloys are expensive and its alloys show low wear resistance. Substrates of Ti-40Zr, used for orthopedic implants, were obtained from the elemental mixture of hydrogenated powders, followed by a sequence of cold uniaxial and isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. Aiming wear resistance increase, samples were coated by physical vapor deposition using electron beam technique (EB-PVD). Multilayer coatings with three different configurations were undertaken: Ti/TiN, Ti/TiN/ZrN and Ti/TiN/ZrN/TiN. Micro-abrasive wear tests were conducted by ball-cratering, with abrasive slurry of silicon carbide (SiC). The wear craters were measured at intervals corresponding to increments in the sliding distance of approximately 14 m. Range of the normal force were between 0.35 and 0,45 N. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the wear crater and the wear mode. All experiments showed three-body abrasive wear and a reduction of one order of magnitude in wear coefficient for two coated samples: 2,58∙10-12 m³(Nm)-1 to substrate, 5,4∙10-13 m³(Nm)-1 to Ti+TiN film and 7,22∙10-13 m³(Nm)-1 to Ti+TiN+ZrN film. In the Ti+TiN+ZrN+TiN experiment the wear coefficient of film is nearer to the substrate, 7,58∙10-13 m³(Nm)-1. The multi-layers containing ZrN presented wear coefficient higher than Ti/TiN films, possibly due to existing residual stresses.
The Effects of Hydrogen on Properties of Surface Films Formed on Iron in Sulfate Solutions
Authors: Ejaz Ahsan , Lu Zhan Peng , Chen Jun Jie , Xia Xiao Feng , Xiao Qian , Lu Bo
Published: June 2014

The effects of charged hydrogen in iron on surface properties of iron in pure water and sodium sulfate solutions of various concentrations were investigsted by open circuit potential monitoring, surface morphology observations, Raman spectroscopy and XRD measurements. Hydrogen in iron shifed the open circuit potential in the negative directions. Hydrogen could change the types of oxide film on iron. Effects of hydrogen on corrosion of iron was More significant in pure water and dilute sodium solutions than those in concentrated solutions.
Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Ti-Rich Ti-Ni-Cu Melt-Spun Ribbon
Authors: He Wen Jun , Min Guang Hui , Tolochko Oleg
Published: June 2014

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti51.5Ni25Cu23.5 ribbon fabricated by melt spinning were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests. Some B19 martensite crystalline with (011) compound twin was embedded in the mainly amorphous ribbon, while the ribbon annealed at 450°C for 1 h is at fully martensitic state. Annealing process alter the preferential orientation from (022)-B19 to (111)-B19. Tensile fracture stresses of as-spun ribbon and the annealed ribbon are 1257 MPa and 250 MPa, respectively. The tensile fracture morphology of as-spun ribbon shows typical vein fringe while that of the annealed ribbon reveals fine but depth-inhomogeneous dimples. After tensile deformation, the annealed ribbon exhibits typical martensitic detwinning behavior accompanying with the strain contrast.
Study on Atomic Mobility and Molar Volume for FCC Fe-Co Phase
Authors: Gong Xiu Mian , Lu Xiao Gang , He Yan Lin
Published: June 2014

The diffusion-couple experiments have been performed at 1273 K and 1423 K in order to verify and bias the controversial interdiffusion data in the literature. In the meantime, the literature data on the lattice parameter have been assessed to obtain the molar volume of fcc Fe-Co phase, which was in turn fed into the Sauer-Freise equation to retrieve the interdiffusion coefficients from the EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis) measured diffusion profiles. The reliable experimental data on the diffusion coefficients for fcc Fe-Co phase have finally been used to assess the atomic mobility. A general agreement has been reached between the calculated and experimentally measured data.
Effect of Mn and Si on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bearing Steel
Authors: Wang Min , Xu Guang , Xue Zheng Liang , Xiong Tao , Zhou Ming Xing
Published: June 2014

Two bearing steels, with higher Mn and Si content than GCr15, were refined in 50kg vacuum induction furnace followed by multi-pass rolling to 12mm thick flat on two-high mill. Mechanical properties and microstructures were measured and observed. The results show that higher content of Mn and Si decreases the martensite starting temperature (Ms), which is beneficial to the forming of martensite. The microstructure changes from martensite plus troostite to martensite, leading to higher hardness of steel and improvement of wear resistance. However, the band microstructure is easily formed by increase of Mn and Si, which is harmful to transverse property.
Influence of RE Addition on Ferro-Matrix Friction Material by In Situ Carbothermal Reduction from Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite
Authors: Li Ying , Feng Ke Qin , Deng Wei Lin , Zhang Guang Ming , Zhou Yu
Published: June 2014

Ferro-matrix friction material was obtained by in-situ carbothermal reduction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite in vacuum environment. The effect of RE addition (0 ~0.3 wt.%) on the microstructure and properties of ferro-matrix friction material was investigated. As a result, compared with the specimen without RE, those with RE has better connection of substrates and smaller pores size. It results the porosity decreases and, the increase of density, micro-hardness and frictional coefficient. When the adding RE is 0.1 wt.%, the connection of substrates is best, that is to say, the pores distribution is most even and pores size is minimum. Meanwhile, the highest density, hardness and frictional coefficient are obtained with 0.1 wt.% RE addition. However, there is little influence on the properties with excessive RE addition. In addition, the morphology of vanadium-titanium carbide varies with different RE addition.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Resistance of Sintered Ti 35Nb 7Zr 5Ta β Alloy
Authors: Franco Alexander H. , Silva Cosme Roberto Moreira , Muterlle Palloma V. , Ferreira Jorge L.A. , Araújo José A.
Published: June 2014

Mean stress on fatigue strength of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, used in the manufacture of orthopedic prosthesis, was evaluated. Samples of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta were pressureless sintered and tested using microhardness (Vickers) and four point bending fatigue apparatus. Characterization was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDS analysis, oxygen analysis and density. The density analysis shows almost 98% of density and microscopy reveals some precipitates of α phase and presumably ω phase at the grain and grain boundaries. The bending fatigue resistance limit reached (Se (106) 88 MPa), due to, presumably, the influence of coarse α phase precipitates at grain boundaries as well as the high oxygen content in the material after sintering (0.96 %). In this study, Kwofie model best explains the influence of mean stress on fatigue strength of this alloy.
Study on Low-Cycle Fatigue Life of Base Metal of the Shock Absorber
Authors: Li Ai Li , Gao Ri , Sun Ming De , Meng Xi
Published: June 2014

In this paper, by experiments on the low-cycle fatigue life of groups of base metal test specimens under constant total strain control, the number of cycles to fracture failure are obtained. The measured S-N curve of base metal is established and the fitted formulas based on three low cycle fatigue life prediction models are caculated according to the test data. The relationship between the low-cycle fatigue life and strain amplitude are concluded. The results of observation show that the elastic strain effect can be negligible in the range of strain amplitudes used for the study of low-cycle fatigue (0.01-0.08). In addition, the calculation suggests that the three-parameter power function is suitable for the low-cycle fatigue life prediction of the base metal because its prediction accuracy is higher than other methods. The research provides technology supports for life prediction and engineering application of the shock absorber.
Corrosion Behavior of F30S30 Concrete under Wet-Dry Cycles in Simulated Seawater with Magnesium Salt and Sulfate
Authors: Liu Guan Guo , Ma Aibin , Pang Chao Ming , Zhang Ping , Qin Hong Gen , Wang Lun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we present the corrosion behavior of F30S30 concrete used for a bridge cap which was investigated in simulated seawater with 2.0% NaCl, 0.35% MgCl2, and 0.25% Na2SO4 under wetdry cycles. This behavior was compared with those in 3.5% NaCl, 5.0% Na2SO4, and 3.5% NaCl + 5% Na2SO4 solutions. Results show that the change in pore structure obtained through X-ray computed tomography could reflect the amount of corrosion products and the degree of destruction. The variety and quantity of corrosion products varied with the corrosive environment. The damage mechanisms of concrete also changed according to the corrosive environment. The effects of Mg2+ and SO42- were superimposed on each other for the simulated seawater environment, thereby posing a serious threat to the structure, primarily through damage and coarsening of the pore structure caused by Mg2+.
Mechanical Properties of Crumb Rubber Concrete
Authors: Cai Jun
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the results of a study on mechanical properties of crumb rubber concrete (CRC). The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural toughness of CRC were investigated. The effect of crumb rubber proportion on the mechanical properties was experimentally analyzed. The test results indicate that the addition of crumb rubber can significantly improve the ductility and flexural toughness of CRC.
Back Analysis of Thermal Parameters of Mass Concrete and its Application Based on Micro-Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Guo Rong , Yang Bei
Published: June 2014

The value of thermal parameter is very crucial in simulating analysis on temperature control for mass concrete. The inverse analysis on some practical project is done by genetic algorithm and finite element method on the basis of observational data of temperature on the site. The temperature control simulation calculation is performed based on parameters obtained from inverse analysis on this project, so that the temperature distribution is consistent basically with the practical one. With improvement of micro-genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm becomes globally-optimal by changing the optimal reserving and re-starting strategies. The results show this method is very practical in high precision of calculation in mass concrete parametric inversion.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of RC Isolated Continuous Girder Bridge Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Chen Bei Lei , Long Xiao Hong , Li Jian Jun
Published: June 2014

To approximate the correlating mathematical relationship between many earthquake records PGA and the responses of bridge structures with minimum efforts and without loss of accuracy, an artificial neural network-based method is proposed in combination with LHS and IDA method. This method is employed to conduct the seismic fragility analysis of RC isolated continuous girder bridge. To investigate the suitability of this approach, the results of the new approach are compared to those obtained by the Cloud method. The comparison shows that the new method is more efficient and reliable.
Analyses of the Protective Effect of Polyethylene-Triethoxysilane and Triethoxysilane Emulsion Coatings on Concrete Substrate
Authors: Zhang Xin Yuan , Li Shao Chun , Zhao Tie Jun , Jin Zu Quan
Published: June 2014

Water could transport aggressive substances such as carbon-dioxide, sulfates and chloride ions in reinforced concrete structures. By penetration, the stability of the whole structure is influenced. This paper deals about waterproof effect and chloride resistance of two kinds of silane coatings, polyethylene-triethoxysilane and triethoxysilane emulsions on concrete substrate along with the mechanism of the hydrophobic action. The results, in terms of visual observations, chloride test and water absorption test, showed that the two silane coatings could reduce the chloride penetration and the water absorption efficiently. The comparison between the two indicates that polyethylene-triethoxysilane penetrates little when applied on the substrate, but it performs better waterproof effect and is more efficient to chloride penetration.
Oil, Water, Slag Three Phases Separation Technology of Heavy Aging Oil
Authors: Zheng Meng
Published: June 2014

The technology was used for handling heavy aging oil by demulsifier and three phases horizontal scrow centrifuge. Through laboratory and field test, it showed that the water content of the processed aging oil dropped from 50% to 5% below, purity oil recovery rate reached more than 95%, meeting export quality requirements. The technology improved the effective storage capacity of flow station, is of great significance to the safe and steady operation of flow station.
Application of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in the Evaluation of Heat Treatment Process
Authors: Yin He Chi , Zhou Lan , Wang Zhen Sheng , Cai Chun Bo
Published: June 2014

Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is a new technique on non-destructive testing of residual stress. The testing system based on virtual instrument was explored. It can achieve the MBN and deal with it in time. The technique is applied to analyze residual stress in the welding line of iron materials back and forth the heat treatment. Through comparing with the data of blind-hole method, the corresponding change between Barkhausen signals and residual stress is verified.
A Progress in Development and Application of Size Exclusion Chromatograph/Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Ze Quan , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2014

This paper reveals the development and significance of size exclusion chromatograph/multi-angle laser light scattering(SEC-MALLS) for determination of the molecular weight and characterization of the molecular weight distribution. This technque has been applied in many aspects, such as biology, polymer and carboxylate surfactant. It has made a big contribution to study the property of macromolecular substances.
Application of Polycarboxylic Acid Anti-Crease Finishing Agent for Silk
Authors: Xu Lei
Published: June 2014

Polycarboxylic acid anti-crease finishing agent is used to finish silk. The optimal finishing process was selected through orthogonal experiment. The optimal process conditions were as follows. The optimal concentration of both finishing agent Y and magnesium chloride was 100g/L. The optimal baking temperature and baking time were 160 °C and 3min, respectively. The results show that the silk fabrics treated by finishing agent Y had high strength retention and washing fastness. In addition, the effect of ant-crease finishing on the whiteness of fabrics was small.
Spray Cooling Unit for Heat Treatment of Stainless Steel Sheets
Authors: Hnizdil Milan , Chabicovsky Martin , Raudenský Miroslav , Magadoux Eric , Code Florent
Published: June 2014

Stainless steel sheets are successively heated to a temperature of 1150°C and cooled until ambient temperature during the production process. Requirements for high cooling rates of stainless steel sheets producers lead to use water as a cooling medium. The information about cooling intensity (heat transfer coefficient) of different nozzles configurations is necessary for designing cooling sections. Although many researchers deal with water spray cooling, actually a general correlation for predicting heat transfer coefficient for wide range of nozzles configurations does not exists. That is the reason why heat transfer coefficient for different nozzles configurations can be only obtained by laboratory measurements. Heat transfer coefficient is mostly influenced by water impingement density and impact velocity. However other factors e.g. water temperature and velocity of the sheet can influence the heat transfer coefficient. Optimized design of the cooling unit with high cooling intensity and low water consumption was achieved by appropriate choice of these parameters. The moving experimental sheet was cooled from a temperature of 900°C to a temperature of 50°C with various configurations of nozzles. The tests shown that heat transfer coefficient was increasing with water impingement density and impact velocity. Increasing water temperature from 20 °C to 80 °C caused a decrease of the heat transfer coefficient and Leidenfrost temperature. The effect of velocity is negligible when velocities are between 25 and 100 m/min. The cooling unit was designed according to laboratory measurements to fulfill the stainless steel producer's requirements. The measurements which were done in an industrial plant confirmed the accuracy of heat transfer coefficient obtained in the laboratory. The maximum difference between laboratory and plant measurements was 15%.
Effect of Traverse Speed on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Barrier Butt Joints of AA2024 to AA6061/SiC/55p Composite
Authors: Song Xue Cheng , Guo Li Jie , Feng Xiao Song , Yin Yu Huan , Cui Fan
Published: June 2014

Dissimilar barrier butt joints of AA2024 to AA6061/SiC/55p composite were fabricated by friction stir welding. Effect of the traverse speed on interface bonding, joint microstructure and tensile properties was investigated. Results revealed that, all joints possessed a tensile strength stronger than 80% that of the composite base materials, and the highest strength value was 178MPa. Macro interface can be readily identified in the weld zone between AA2024 and AA6061/SiC/55p composite, of which the area decreased and then increased as the traverse speed increased. The size and shape of SiC particles in the interface zone varied a lot due to different stirring effect and forward impact of the pin in different traverse speeds. Increasingly impairment of the composite base material near the interface was also detected with the traverse speed increasing.
Study on the Technology and Defects in Low-Pressure Semi-Solid Die Casting of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhu Hui , Zhang Heng Hua
Published: June 2014

Technology and defect in the low-pressure semi-solid die casting of aluminum wheel hub under different process has been studied. The simulation software ADSTEFAN 2012 is used to analyze the solidification in different die temperature. Stereomicroscope, digital camera and optical microscope (OM) are used to study defect in the casting. The result shows that the low slurry temperature (606°C) will result in higher viscosity, and the low preheated die temperature will increase the cooling rate so that shrinkage is formed in the isolate solidification area. In the technology of casting wheels, the optimum temperature of the slurry is 614°C, preheated temperature of die is 400°C.
Study on Optimal Condition of Activated Carbon Prepared by Microwave Heating from Shot Coke
Authors: Hou Ying Fei , Gu Ya Ya , Mou Qing Ping , Yao Gang , Zhang Jian Hui
Published: June 2014

The activated carbon was prepared from the Jing Bo shot coke using KOH as the activation agent by microwave heating. The effect of microwave radiation time, the microwave power and the ratio of activation to shot coke on the properties of the activated carbon were investigated in detail. The result showed that the optimized condition of preparation of activated carbon is as followed: the ratio of activation agent to shot coke is 3:1, the microwave power 900 W and the microwave radiation time is 40 min. In this condition, the BET surface area of the activated carbon is 2668 m2/g; the iodine adsorption value 2281 mg/g and the benzene adsorption value 1368 mg/g.
Development of a Novel Technology for New Generation of Non-Crimp Fabrics – Manufacturing and Simulation
Authors: Matthäi Paul , Döbrich Oliver , Cherif Chokri
Published: June 2014

In the field of technical textiles, Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCF) are increasingly used as fibre-reinforced polymers in automotive, aircraft and wind power industry. The rising consumption of multi-axial fabrics for fiber reinforcement requires new fabrics and process requirements for the large scale production. The development of a new type of NCF demands a convergence of diverse disciplines namely mechanics, construction design and chemistry. This research includes the manufacturing of novel adhesive bonded NCF. The characterization and of the warp-knitted fabric, selection of binding technology, the development of suitable application system and numerical models for simulation are the major focus areas.
1450 Cold Rolling Mill Rack Finite Element Modal Analysis
Authors: Zhang De Chen , Dong Chao Wen , Yang Ming , Sun Yan Ping
Published: June 2014

The vibration of the fifth frame mill of 1450 Cold Tandem Rolling Mill in the rolling process was studied using finite element software ANSYS. The dynamic analysis of one-piece frame and two-piece frame on the fifth frame mill were carried on. The natural frequency and mode of vibration were calculated. Through analyzing, we obtained that two-piece frame performed better.
Analysis and Optimization of Segregators’ Structures on Separation Efficiency
Authors: Guo Cai Fen , Li Shao Kun , Wan Chang Dong
Published: June 2014

Inside segregators, such as the air compressor, refrigerant and lubricant are mixed together. It is hoped that the lubricant could be reclaimed back to continue to work when it is expelled from the compressor. But designing of some kinds of air conditioning compressors has taken no notice of that, or it has lower separation efficiency. RSM (Response Surface Methods) is put forward to optimize the structure parameters so as to improve the separation efficiency. It is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques, by which fewer experiments are needed to obtain the relationship between its parameters and their influences. Finally, by the use of computational fluid dynamics software, the optimum structure parameters are obtained, through which the better separation efficiency is available.
Manufacturing and Analysis of Non-Asbestos Sealing Gasket
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Mei Hong , Li Yu Xian
Published: June 2014

Under the fiber hybrid effect, the merits of organic and inorganic fibers were integrated. The appropriate organic and inorganic fibers were chosen to prepare the non-asbestos gasket which meets the usage requirements and has a good cost performance. The ratio of basic craft and materials for industrial production were obtained. Results indicate the new non-asbestos gasket which is made by non-asbestos fibers and enhanced rubber adhesive has reached the performance of similar international products and has formed our unique non-asbestos sealing materials.
Influence of Moisture and Temperature on Relaxation Function of Oil-Paper Insulation in Traction Transformers
Authors: Shen Han Lin , Luo Hai Yan
Published: June 2014

Relaxation function can well reflect the microscopic polarization mechanism of dielectric. In order to analyze the influence of moisture and temperature on relaxation function of oil-paper insulation, building a physical model of the oil-paper insulation system containing moisture and obtaining the expression of relaxation function. Setting up a testing device for the oil paper insulation dielectric spectroscopy in the laboratory, the parameter values of relaxation function expression were obtained according to test result by Fourier inverse transformation. The results show that the relaxation function containing three relaxation factors are more suited for the relaxation of oil-paper insulation containing moisture content and microscopic polarization mechanism, moisture and temperature have a significant effect on relaxation function.
The Hand Making of Radius Fillers and the Establishment of its Evaluative Requirements
Authors: Wang Hai Lei , Xiong Mei Rong , Duan Yue Xin , Yang Jin , Yan Dong Xiu , Xu Shao Chen
Published: June 2014

Radius filler is a kind of filling material which is used in triangle gap of the composite girder and rib. To optimize the hand-made craft of radius fillers and specify the evaluative requirements for detecting radius fillers, a research on handcraft parameters of the radius fillers had been conducted; the boundary dimension, microstructure and mechanical property of the R6 radius fillers had been characterized with the use of different detective methods and the microanalysis includes: nondestructive testing; microscope photos; fiber volume fraction and void content. The evaluative requirements to detect the quality of radius fillers have been established and its validity has been confirmed by the R8 radius fillers.
Evaluation of Sound Absorption Capability from PET Mesh to PET/PU Composite Board
Authors: Liu Yu Cheng , Huang Jin Huang , Huang Chen Hung , Tsai Min Hon , Chuang Yu Chun
Published: June 2014

This article completely investigates from nonwoven to PET/PU composite board on the variations of absorption coefficient by using standard impedance tube with four microphones. Recently, PET/PU composite board is becoming a popular and functional material because of the high flexibility in the abilities, such as thermal protection, chemical-proof, acoustic-resistance and etc.. Thus, it is important to realize the variations of absorption capability from single material to complete composite material, and can feedback some suggestions to the designer. Results shows that nonwoven only has a stable increase in absorption coefficient with the frequencies because of the inherent porous characteristics. With the substantial properties, foam has lower absorption coefficient and two peaks occurring in the higher frequencies. These both peaks are caused by the resonance between wave and foam at specified frequency. With an additional nonwoven in the rear side of composite foam, absorption coefficient of PET/PU composite board will effectively increase. Based on the diverse applications, absorption coefficient of PET/PU composite board can be flexible modulated to consistent with the requirements.
X-Ray Analysis of Residual Stress in Weld Region of X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Boumerzoug Zakaria , Digheche Kelthoum , Ji Vincent
Published: June 2014

X-ray diffraction method has been used to analyze the residual stress distribution in weld region of an X70 pipeline steel before and after heat treatment. The welding process has been realized by industrial arc welding with circular weld seams. The effect of heat treatments on the level and the distribution of residual stresses were investigated. Stress distribution was characterized by relative high compressive stresses in weld seam just after welding. However, residual stress relaxation phenomenon was observed in weld region after heat treatments due to microstructure restoration and recrystalization. Optical microscope observation and Vickers hardness measurements were also realized as complementary microstructure characterization techniques.
Porous Glass Composite as Diesel Particulate Filter and the Microwave Regeneration
Authors: Lee Chang Chuan , Yoshikawa Noboru , Taniguchi Shoji
Published: June 2014

In this study, porous SiO2·RO/stainless steel composite body was prepared through the polyurethane sponge replica method. Porous samples obtained through sintering consist of well dispersed and distributed stainless steel particles within the glass matrix. Such microstructure is desired for the purpose as a soot particulate filters (DPF) utilizing microwave rapid and selective heating characteristic, especially during the cold start phase of an engine. Results of microwave heating ability and diesel soot regeneration tests shows that, the fabricated porous composite material is proven to be reliable for rapidly microwave assisted regeneration. Both the regeneration temperature and O2 composition in the supplied gas played an important role in the regeneration process.
Research on Tracked Vehicle Suspension Parameter Optimization Based on Surrogate Model Method
Authors: Wang Hong Yan , Wang Qin Long , Rui Qiang , Ma Wei Biao
Published: June 2014

In this article a surrogate model between suspension system parameters of tracked vehicle and comfort evaluation indices has been built up by using radial basis function method and the dynamic simulation of tracked vehicle. Then the optimization of suspension system parameters has been carried out by using surrogate model and adaptive simulated annealing optimization arithmetic. The results show that the research method is feasible.
Application of the Lumped-Parameter Model in Concept Design Phase of Side Impact Safety Development
Authors: Chen Tao , Peng Yun
Published: June 2014

In the process of side impact, the door was directly contacted with the chest, abdomen and pelvis of dummy and its movement has a large effect upon dummy injury. A evaluation about dummy injury influenced by the velocity and displacement of chest, abdomen and pelvis in dummy was proposed. A rapid forward development strategy which is applied in forward development was presented. A new type side impact LPM (Lumped-Parameter Model) was established. The stiffness of critical area in vehicle body was optimized by LPM which used the intrusive velocity and displacement of chest, abdomen and pelvis in dummy as design object. The example showed that the safety performance was improved obviously and the development period was shortened in some extent.
The Study of Water Level Fuzzy Control for Supercharged Boiler Drum
Authors: Zhang Hong Yan , Jin Xiang Dong , Xie Hai Tao
Published: June 2014

Based on the application of the fuzzy theory,we designed a state level fuzzy controller for the marine steam power system. Compared with the level PID controller and a single-stage cascade PID level controller about disturbance response, the state level controller is more suitable for marine supercharged boiler level control because of its Smaller overshoot, shorter settling time, and other characteristics.
The Research of Photovoltaic Array Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Based on the BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Wen Jin , Ge Qiang , Huang Chen Yang
Published: June 2014

In consideration of the photovoltaic arrays fault characteristics and the limitations of traditional fault diagnosis methods, a intelligent fault diagnosis system for photovoltaic arrays based on BP neural network is proposed.; The faults consequences of battery cracking, short circuit and the shadow is analyzed. The neural network is trained by appropriate fault samples. The simulation and experimental research on online fault diagnosis of photovoltaic modules in the Matlab environment are performed,and results proved the accuracy,effectiveness and environmental adaptability of the proposed system.
An Effective Model for Wire Medium Based on the 4th Order Dispersion Equation
Authors: Yang Zhun , Song Wei , Sheng Xin Qing
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the wire medium made of parallel thin wires is studied by using the FDTD method incorporating the sub-cell technique of thin wire. The conventional effective model for the wire medium is based on the 2th order dispersion equations; and it becomes inaccurate in describing the EM behavior of wire medium when the transversal spatial harmonics becomes high. A new effective model is proposed based on the 4th order dispersion equations and surface fitting, which guarantees the modeling accuracy for higher spatial harmonics.
The Effect of Measurers’ View Angle Deviation on Measurement Data
Authors: Jia Shao Long , Tian Ya Nan , Ji Jian Hang , Shang Xiao Mei
Published: June 2014

In the actual work of manual anthropometry, there is a distance between the height of measurers’ horizontal sight and the height of the measured body parts, the distance can result in a non-horizontal observation view angle. To explore the phenomenon, this study obtained a lot of manual anthropometric measurement data, on the basis of these data, screened some data influenced by the view angle deviation. Furthermore, using mathematical analysis software, make the data do packet sampling and ANOVA test. After these data analysis, we got the result that the view angle deviation could make influences on those height data and circumference data, but the potential influence degree was different among these data.