bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doctoral boot camps: from military concept to andragogy
Authors: Rowtho Vikash , Gopee Shafiiq , Hingun Alisha
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the use of writing boot camp cycles with differentiated facilitation in promoting a research culture within an academic setting by investigating its effectiveness and challenges amongst early career researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

This research takes a case study approach within a teaching-focussed private institution moving towards teaching and research. A mixed-method approach captured insights of academics' feelings and perceptions at different stages of the boot camps. Participants set their writing objectives prior to the programme. The initial writing boot camp was followed by a post-programme survey. Two months later, a focus group was conducted and the outcomes were used to refine the subsequent boot camp session.

Findings

The findings confirmed that writing boot camps are beneficial in enabling staff members to progress in their writing and in building a research culture. The study further highlighted some of the associated challenges.

Research limitations/implications

This study used only the largest private institution in the country as a case.

Practical implications

This paper highlights some of the key considerations and challenges for practitioners who wish to run effective writing boot camps, e.g. environment, facilitation, debriefing, frequency and duration.

Originality/value

This study introduces the concept of “Writing Boot Camp Cycles” coupled with “Differentiated Facilitation” to enhance the output of writing boot camps while at the same time promoting a research culture.
How will service robots redefine leadership in hotel management? A Delphi approach
Authors: Xu Shi , Stienmetz Jason , Ashton Mark
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Using the Delphi technique, this paper aims to investigate how human resource experts perceive service robots will impact leadership and human resource management in the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-stage Delphi study with hotel industry human resource experts was conducted to identify the key trends and major challenges that will emerge in the next ten years and how leaders should deal with the challenges brought about by service robot technologies.

Findings

The results show that while service robots are anticipated to increase efficiency and productivity of hotel activities, they may also pose challenges such as high costs, skill deficits and significant changes to the organizational structure and culture of hotels. Therefore, the anticipated applications and integration of robotic technology will require leaders of the future to carefully consider the balance between the roles of service robots and human employees in the guest experience and to nurture a work environment that embraces open-mindedness and change.

Originality/value

This is the first type of study to examine hospitality leadership and human resource management in the context of robotized hotels. This study has taken an important step to understand the leadership role in robotized hotels from a human resource perspective and brings clarity as to how robotic technology can influence leadership in the future workplace.
Can cognitive biases be good for entrepreneurs?
Authors: Zhang Haili , Bij Hans van der , Song Michael
Published: April 2020

Purpose

While some studies have found that cognitive biases are detrimental to entrepreneurial performance, others have conjectured that cognitive biases may stimulate entrepreneurial action. This study uses a typology of availability and representative heuristics to examine how two patterns of biases affect entrepreneurial performance. Drawing on ideas from cognitive science, this study predicts that various levels of biases in each pattern stimulate entrepreneurial behavior and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A profile-deviation approach was employed to analyze data from 253 entrepreneurs and zero-truncated Poisson regression and the zero-truncated negative binomial regression to test hypotheses.

Findings

This study finds some positive associations between a particular level of cognitive biases in each of the two patterns and entrepreneurial behavior and performance. Results show that the patterns of biases often stimulate and never hurt entrepreneurial behavior and performance. The opposite holds for a lack of cognitive biases, which hurts and never stimulates entrepreneurial behavior and performance.

Originality/value

This study examines patterns of cognitive biases of entrepreneurs instead of single biases. The study broadens the perspective on the heuristics and cognitive biases of entrepreneurs by examining patterns of biases emanating from the availability and the representativeness heuristic that make a difference for entrepreneurial behavior and performance. The study also brings the “great rationality debate” closer to the entrepreneurship field by showing that a normative rule based on statistics and probability theory does not benefit entrepreneurial behavior and performance.
Heat transport of nano-micropolar fluid with an exponential heat source on a convectively heated elongated plate using numerical computation
Authors: Pattnaik P.K. , Mishra S.R. , Mahanthesh B. , Gireesha B.J. , Rahimi-Gorji Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The study of novel exponential heat source phenomena across a flowing fluid with a suspension of microparticles and nanoparticles towards a convectively heated plate has been an open question. Therefore, the impact of the exponential heat source in the transport of nano micropolar fluid in the existence of magnetic dipole, Joule heating, viscous heating and convective condition effects has been analytically investigated. Influence of chemical reaction has also been exhibited in this discussion.

Design/methodology/approach

The leading equations are constructed via conservation equations of transport, micro-rotation, energy and solute under the non-transient state situation. Suitable stretching transformations are used to transform the system of partial differential equations to ordinary. The transformed ODEs admit numerical solution via Runge–Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique.

Findings

The effects of pertinent physical parameters characterizing the flow phenomena are presented through graphs and discussed. The inclusion of microparticles and nanoparticles greatly affects the flow phenomena. The impact of the exponential heat source (EHS) advances the heat transfer characteristics significantly compared to usual thermal-based heat source (THS). The thermal performance can be improved through the effects of a magnetic dipole, viscous heating, Joule heating and convective condition.

Originality/value

The effectiveness of EHS phenomena in the dynamics of nano micropolar fluid past an elongated plate which is convectively heated with regression analysis is for the first time investigated.
The curvilinear relationship between within-person creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance: the moderating role of approach/avoidance motivations
Authors: Li Ci-Rong , Yang Yanyu , Lin Chen-Ju , Xu Ying
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This research adopts a dynamic self-regulation framework to test whether there is a curvilinear relationship between creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance at the within-person level. Furthermore, to establish a boundary condition of the predicted relationship, the authors build a cross-level model and examine how approach motivation and avoidance motivation moderate the complex relationship between creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance.

Design/methodology/approach

To obtain results from a within-person analysis, the authors collect multi-source data from 125 technicians who provided monthly reports over an 8-month period.

Findings

The authors find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance at the within-person level and differential moderating effects of approach/avoidance motivations.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to challenge the assumption that creative self-efficacy always has a positive linear relationship with creativity. It provides a more complete view of the complex pattern between creative self-efficacy and creativity at the within-person level.
The role of the human dimension in organizational agility: an empirical study in intensive care units
Authors: Melián-Alzola Lucía , Domínguez-Falcón Carmen , Martín-Santana Josefa D.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of hospital leaders and high-performance work practices (HPWPs) in intensive care units (ICUs) in organizational agility and its impact on healthcare personnel satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was carried out in three ICUs of an important Spanish public hospital, one for adults, one paediatric and one neonatal. The unit of analysis was ICUs personnel (324 individuals: 14.5%, 48.8% and 36.7% from the categories of doctors, nurses and nurses' aides, respectively) who were invited to participate in the study. The sample had 248 individuals, with a sampling distribution by categories that was quite similar to that of the population. To test the hypotheses proposed, structural equations modeling (SEM) were used as the maximum likelihood estimation method.

Findings

The results confirm the proposed model and reveal the importance of the human dimension in ICUs on hospital agility and performance in terms of satisfaction of the clinical staff working in this area.

Originality/value

This paper is original because it analyses units of high complexity, such as ICUs from a management and non-clinical perspective. In addition, it studies the role of hospital managers and HPWPs on employee outcomes, as well as in-hospital responsiveness in a very dynamic context that demands agility on the management approach.
Regularly drinking desert birds have greater evaporative cooling capacity and higher heat tolerance limits than non‐drinking species
Authors: Czenze Zenon J. , Kemp Ryno , van Jaarsveld Barry , Freeman Marc T. , Smit Ben , Wolf Blair O. , McKechnie Andrew E.
Published: April 2020

Surface water is a critical resource for many birds inhabiting arid regions, but the implications of regular drinking and dependence on surface water for the evolution of thermal physiology remain largely unexplored.

We hypothesized that avian thermoregulation in the heat has evolved in tandem with the use of surface water and predicted that (a) regularly drinking species have a greater capacity to elevate rates of evaporative water loss (EWL) compared to non‐drinking species, and (b) heat tolerance limits (HTLs) are higher among drinking species. To test these predictions, we quantified thermoregulatory responses to high air temperature (Ta) in 12 species of passerines from the South African arid zone and combined these with values for an additional five species. We categorized each species as either: (a) water‐dependent, regularly drinking, or (b) water‐independent, occasional‐/non‐drinking.

In support of our predictions, both conventional and phylogenetically independent analyses revealed that evaporative scope (the ratio of maximum EWL to minimum thermoneutral EWL) during acute heat exposure was significantly higher among drinking species. Moreover, evaporative scope was significantly and positively related to HTL (i.e. maximum air temperature tolerated before the onset of severe hyperthermia).

These findings offer new insights into the co‐evolution of water dependence, movement ecology and thermal physiology in the context of trade‐offs between dehydration avoidance and resistance to lethal hyperthermia in hot desert habitats.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Seismoelectric numerical simulation in 2D vertical transverse isotropic poroelastic medium
Authors: Tohti Munirdin , Wang Yibo , Slob Evert , Zheng Yikang , Chang Xu , Yao Yi
Published: April 2020

Seismoelectric coupling in an electric isotropic and elastic anisotropic medium is developed using a primary–secondary formulation. The anisotropy is of vertical transverse isotropic type and concerns only the poroelastic parameters. Based on our finite difference time domain algorithm, we solve the seismoelectric response to an explosive source. The seismic wavefields are computed as the primary field. The electric field is then obtained as a secondary field by solving the Poisson equation for the electric potential. To test our numerical algorithm, we compared our seismoelectric numerical results with analytical results obtained from Pride's equation. The comparison shows that the numerical solution gives a good approximation to the analytical solution. We then simulate the seismoelectric wavefields in different models. Simulated results show that four types of seismic waves are generated in anisotropic poroelastic medium. These are the fast and slow longitudinal waves and two separable transverse waves. All of these seismic waves generate coseismic electric fields in a homogenous anisotropic poroelastic medium. The tortuosity has an effect on the propagation of the slow longitudinal wave. The snapshot of the slow longitudinal wave has an oval shape when the tortuosity is anisotropic, whereas it has a circular shape when the tortuosity is isotropic. In terms of the Thomsen parameters, the radiation anisotropy of the fast longitudinal wave is more sensitive to the value of ε, while the radiation anisotropy of the transverse wave is more sensitive to the value of δ.
Predicting substrate exchange in marine diatom‐heterocystous cyanobacteria symbioses
Authors: Nieves‐Morión Mercedes , Flores Enrique , Foster Rachel A.
Published: April 2020

In the open ocean, some phytoplankton establish symbiosis with cyanobacteria. Some partnerships involve diatoms as hosts and heterocystous cyanobacteria as symbionts. Heterocysts are specialized cells for nitrogen fixation, and a function of the symbiotic cyanobacteria is to provide the host with nitrogen. However, both partners are photosynthetic and capable of carbon fixation, and the possible metabolites exchanged and mechanisms of transfer are poorly understood. The symbiont cellular location varies from internal to partial to fully external, and this is reflected in the symbiont genome size and content. In order to identify the membrane transporters potentially involved in metabolite exchange, we compare the draft genomes of three differently located symbionts with known transporters mainly from model free‐living heterocystous cyanobacteria. The types and numbers of transporters are directly related to the symbiont cellular location: restricted in the endosymbionts and wider in the external symbiont. Three proposed models of metabolite exchange are suggested which take into account the type of transporters in the symbionts and the influence of their cellular location on the available nutrient pools. These models provide a basis for several hypotheses that given the importance of these symbioses in global N and C budgets, warrant future testing.
Comparative genomics reveals different population structures associated with host and geographic origin in antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella enterica
Authors: Liao Jingqiu , Orsi Renato Hohl , Carroll Laura M. , Wiedmann Martin
Published: April 2020

Genetic variation in a pathogen, including the causative agent of salmonellosis, Salmonella enterica, can occur as a result of eco‐evolutionary forces triggered by dissimilarities of ecological niches. Here, we applied comparative genomics to study 90 antimicrobial resistant (AMR) S. enterica isolates from bovine and human hosts in New York and Washington states to understand host‐ and geographic‐associated population structure. Results revealed distinct presence/absence profiles of functional genes and pseudogenes (e.g., virulence genes) associated with bovine and human isolates. Notably, bovine isolates contained significantly more transposase genes but fewer transposase pseudogenes than human isolates, suggesting the occurrence of large‐scale transposition in genomes of bovine and human isolates at different times. The high correlation between transposase genes and AMR genes, as well as plasmid replicons, highlights the potential role of horizontally transferred transposons in promoting adaptation to antibiotics. By contrast, a number of potentially geographic‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rather than geographic‐associated genes, were identified. Interestingly, 38% of these SNPs were in genes annotated as cell surface protein‐encoding genes, including some essential for antibiotic resistance and host colonization. Overall, different evolutionary forces and limited recent inter‐population transmission appear to shape AMR S. enterica population structure in different hosts and geographic origins.
Comparison of analytical methods for measuring protein content of whey protein products and investigation of influences on nitrogen conversion factors
Authors: Elgar David F , Hill Jeremy P , Holroyd Stephen E , Peddie Gaile S
Published: April 2020

Whey protein products are important ingredients that are used to improve and augment the nutritional and functional properties of a wide variety of foods including infant formula. Their protein contents are an intrinsic aspect of their value and how these are determined can be influenced by the type of method selected. The Kjeldahl method relies upon determination of the nitrogen content and then multiplication using a nitrogen conversion factor. An alternative technique is to measure the constituent amino acids and sum them. We show, for a representative selection of whey protein products, that the Kjeldahl and amino acid methods afford different results, and we explain these differences.
Change in characteristics of film based on rice starch blended with sucrose, maltose, and trehalose after storage
Authors: Ploypetchara Thongkorn , Gohtani Shoichi
Published: April 2020

The characteristics of rice starch film blended with sucrose, maltose, and trehalose at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% (w/w of the starch weight) were investigated. Relative crystallinity (RC) of the rice starch film as determined by X‐ray increased with increasing sucrose concentration and the RC tended to decrease with an increasing concentration of maltose and trehalose. RC was inhibited by adding sugar in the order of trehalose, maltose, and sucrose after 28 days storage. The rice starch film with 30% added sugar showed a homogeneous matrix and a lower frequency chemical shift of the proton OH group as determined on the day of preparation; however, the film with 30% added maltose cracked after 28 days storage. Adding sugar as a plasticizer affected the properties of the rice starch film by concentration and type of sugar because of the hydroxyl groups of the sugar.

Practical Application

Disaccharides, such as sucrose, maltose, and trehalose, could be used as a plasticizer in a rice starch film system. The sugar conformation might be one factor for selecting the sugar to use for starch film system. Trehalose might improve film properties by inhibiting recrystallization after storage.
Temporal profile of flavor enhancers MAG, MSG, GMP, and IMP, and their ability to enhance salty taste, in different reductions of sodium chloride
Authors: Rocha Renata Abadia Reis , Ribeiro Michele Nayara , Silva Gabriela Alvarenga , Rocha Lenízy Cristina Reis , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques , Nunes Cleiton Antônio , Carneiro João de Deus Souza
Published: April 2020

We evaluated the temporal profile of the flavor enhancers monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium inosinate (IMP), disodium guanylate (GMP), and monoammonium glutamate (MAG). We also evaluated the ability of these flavor enhancers to enhance salty taste in solutions containing different reductions of sodium chloride. Four experiments were conducted using Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) with focus on two objectives: concentration of flavor enhancers (0% to 1%) and reduction of sodium chloride content (0% to 100%). A 0.75% saline solution of NaCl was used as a control. In each experiment, the treatments were evaluated by the intensity of salty and umami tastes using an intensity scale. Treatments, selected according to the results of CCRD, were analyzed using time‐intensity (TI) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) analyses. Glutamates (MSG/MAG) showed greater capacity to enhance salty taste than treatments containing nucleotides (IMP/GMP). The intensity of umami taste, using all the examined flavor enhancers, showed a similar sensory profile. Temporal perception curves (TI and TDS) of salty and umami tastes also showed a similar temporal profile. The glutamic acid amino acids were better able to improve salty taste than nucleotides in any range of sodium chloride reduction. Flavor enhancers showed greater ability to increase salty taste in smaller reductions in sodium chloride content.

Practical Application

This research expand the knowledge about the ability to enhance the salty taste of flavor enhancers in different reductions in sodium content, Beside that, will provide information about the time profile of flavor enhancers. This study provides scientific technical information on the ability to intensify the salty taste of flavor enhancers and can assist the industry to develop new low sodium products and encourage the scientific community to conduct future research on this subject.
An optimized metaproteomics protocol for a holistic taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial communities from marine particles
Authors: Schultz Doreen , Zühlke Daniela , Bernhardt Jörg , Francis Thomas Ben , Albrecht Dirk , Hirschfeld Claudia , Markert Stephanie , Riedel Katharina
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to establish a robust and reliable metaproteomics protocol for an in‐depth characterization of marine particle‐associated (PA) bacteria. To this end, we compared six well‐established protein extraction protocols together with different MS‐sample preparation techniques using particles sampled during a North Sea spring algae bloom in 2009. In the final optimized workflow, proteins are extracted using a combination of SDS‐containing lysis buffer and cell disruption by bead‐beating, separated by SDS‐PAGE, in‐gel digested and analysed by LC–MS/MS, before MASCOT search against a metagenome‐based database and data processing/visualization with the in‐house‐developed bioinformatics tools Prophane and Paver. As an application example, free‐living (FL) and particulate communities sampled in April 2009 were analysed, resulting in an as yet unprecedented number of 9354 and 5034 identified protein groups for FL and PA bacteria, respectively. Our data suggest that FL and PA communities appeared similar in their taxonomic distribution, with notable exceptions: eukaryotic proteins and proteins assigned to Flavobacteriia, Cyanobacteria, and some proteobacterial genera were found more abundant on particles, whilst overall proteins belonging to Proteobacteria were more dominant in the FL fraction. Furthermore, our data points to functional differences including proteins involved in polysaccharide degradation, sugar‐ and phosphorus uptake, adhesion, motility, and stress response.
Experiences of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Their Families: A Critical Review
Authors: Skorka Kelly , McBryde Catherine , Copley Jodie , Meredith Pamela J. , Reid Natasha
Published: April 2020

Evidence suggests that children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience challenges across many areas of their daily lives and often require interprofessional supports. Recent studies have emphasized the need for an integrated system of care for children with FASD, incorporating medical, allied health, and education services, to facilitate open communication and support for the complex needs that many children experience. To develop such a system of care, it is important to first understand the impact of FASD on children’s functioning during daily activities in different environmental contexts. A critical review of existing research was conducted using a critical interpretive synthesis approach. Results revealed that while many studies discussed impacts at the body functions and structures level of children with FASD, they often did not consider the activity, participation, and environmental factors also contributing to the daily functioning of this population. Several studies discussed caregiver experiences and challenges raising a child with FASD; however, no studies investigated the lived experiences relating to impacts across activities and environments from children’s perspectives. In addition, the focus on deficits overshadowed investigation into the strengths of children with FASD, leaving a gap in the picture of their daily lives. Further research is required to determine the strengths that children with FASD demonstrate and the challenges impacting their daily functioning within different environmental contexts. Insights gleaned from such research would support intervention practices to become more holistic and interprofessional.
Gene‐based association analysis reveals involvement of LAMA5 and cell adhesion pathways in nicotine dependence in African‐ and European‐American samples
Authors: Fan Rongli , Cui Wenyan , Chen Jiali , Ma Yunlong , Yang Zhongli , Payne Thomas J. , Ma Jennie Z. , Li Ming D.
Published: April 2020

Nicotine dependence (ND) is a chronic brain disorder that causes heavy social and economic burdens. Although many susceptibility genetic loci have been reported, they can explain only approximately 5%–10% of the genetic variance for the disease. To further explore the genetic etiology of ND, we genotyped 242 764 SNPs using an exome chip from both European‐American (N = 1572) and African‐American (N = 3371) samples. Gene‐based association analysis revealed 29 genes associated significantly with ND. Of the genes in the AA sample, six (i.e., PKD1L2, LAMA5, MUC16, MROH5, ATP8B1, and FREM1) were replicated in the EA sample with p values ranging from 0.0031 to 0.0346. Subsequently, gene enrichment analysis revealed that cell adhesion‐related pathways were significantly associated with ND in both the AA and EA samples. Considering that LAMA5 is the most significant gene in cell adhesion‐related pathways, we did in vitro functional analysis of this gene, which showed that nicotine significantly suppressed its mRNA expression in HEK293T cells (p < 0.001). Further, our cell migration experiment showed that the migration rate was significantly different in wild‐type and LAMA5‐knockout (LAMA5‐KO)‐HEK293T cells. Importantly, nicotine‐induced cell migration was abolished in LAMA5‐KO cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that LAMA5, as well as cell adhesion‐related pathways, play an important role in the etiology of smoking addiction, which warrants further investigation.
Comparing the diversity of the casein genes in the Asian mouflon and domestic sheep
Authors: Luigi‐Sierra M.G. , Mármol‐Sánchez E. , Amills M.
Published: April 2020

We aimed to determine whether casein variants that are currently segregating in ovine populations existed before the domestication of sheep or, to the contrary, if their emergence is much more recent. To this end, we have retrieved whole‐genome sequences from Iranian and domestic sheep from Africa, Europe, South and East Asia and West Asia. Population structure analysis based on 55,352,935 SNPs revealed a clear separation between Iranian mouflons and domestic sheep. Moreover, we also observed a strong genetic differentiation between Iranian mouflons sampled in geographic areas close to Tehran and Tabriz. Based on sequence data, hundreds of SNPs mapping to the casein αS1 (CSN1S1, 248 SNPs), casein αS2 (CSN1S2, 268 SNPs), casein ß (CSN2, 146 SNPs) and casein κ (CSN3, 112 SNPs) genes were identified. Approximately 25–63.02% of the casein variation was shared between Iranian mouflons and domestic sheep, and the four domestic sheep populations also shared 44.2–57.4% of the casein polymorphic sites. These findings suggest that an important fraction of the casein variation present in domestic sheep was already segregating in the mouflon prior to its domestication. Genomic studies performed in horses and dogs are consistent with this view, suggesting that much of the diversity that we currently detect in domestic animals comes from standing variation already segregating in their wild ancestors.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Product Strategy, and Firm Value
Authors: Cho Eunho , Tsang Albert
Published: April 2020

This study examines the role of a firm’s product strategy on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value. Using a sample of 1287 firm‐year observations of Korean listed manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2016, we find that a firm’s product differentiation strategies strengthen the association between CSR and firm value, whereas cost‐leadership strategies weaken such a relationship. Our findings demonstrate the importance of attaining a strategic fit between CSR activities and product strategies, and highlight the importance of considering a firm’s product strategy when evaluating a firm’s CSR investment.
Cesarean delivery with and without uterine artery embolization for the management of placenta accreta spectrum disorder—A comparative study
Authors: Mohr‐Sasson Aya , Hochman Roni , Anteby Matan , Spira Maya , Castel Elias , Hendler Israel , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Sivan Eyal
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study is to compare immediate and long‐term obstetrical outcomes of patients who underwent cesarean delivery with and without uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the management of placenta accreta spectrum disorder.

Material and methods

A retrospective case control study including all pregnant women admitted to a single tertiary medical center between December 2001 and May 2018 with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder, who underwent cesarean delivery with and without UAE. Groups were compared for maternal characteristics, operative management, postoperative complication rate and long‐term outcomes. Follow up on future obstetrical outcomes was conducted via telephone questionnaire. Non‐parametric statistics were used.

Results

During the study period, 272 women met the inclusion criteria: 64 (23.53%) and 208 (76.47%) underwent preservative cesarean section with and without UAE, respectively. UAE procedure was associated with a longer operative time (82.5 [68‐110] vs 50.5 [39‐77] minutes; P = .001), and higher blood loss (2000 (1500‐3000) vs 1000 (600‐2000) mL; P = .001). Hysterectomy rate was comparable between the groups (9 [14%] vs 35 [16.82%]; P = .88); however, multivariate logistic regression analysis found UAE to be an independent factor associated with lower hysterectomy rate (P = .02). Postoperative complications were more frequent in the UAE group. Follow up was achieved in 29 (59.18%) and 72 (51.79%) of the women with and without UAE, respectively (P = .36). No differences were found in rate of abortions, pregnancy and deliveries between the groups.

Conclusions

Cesarean delivery using UAE in placenta accreta spectrum disorder is associated with a higher rate of operative and postoperative complications. Nevertheless, in cases of severe adherence of the placenta, embolization reduces the need for hysterectomy, allowing future fertility.
Ovarian cyst formation in women of reproductive age receiving mitotane as part of the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: Clinical and experimental observations
Authors: Abrahamsson Gun , Ekerhovd Erling , Janson Per Olof , Jansson Svante , Ahlman Håkan , Wängberg Bo , Norström Anders
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Mitotane is an adrenolytic drug that is used as an adjuvant to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying ovarian cyst formation in women of reproductive age diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma and being treated with mitotane as an adjuvant to surgery.

Material and methods

Five women presented with stage III‐IV adrenocortical carcinoma and ovarian cyst formation during mitotane treatment. The clinical course of the disease was followed during and after treatment. The effects of mitotane on progesterone production and cell proliferation were studied in cultured human ovarian granulosa cells.

Results

Computed tomography and vaginal ultrasonography during mitotane treatment repeatedly demonstrated ovarian cysts of varying size without solid intralocular structures. Two women became amenorrheic during the treatment period. After mitotane cessation, the ovarian cysts disappeared and normal menstrual cycles resumed. One woman had an uncomplicated pregnancy two years after mitotane treatment. In one woman, who underwent salpingo‐oophorectomy, histological analysis demonstrated benign ovarian cysts. Mitotane impeded the synthesis of progesterone, reduced the stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on progesterone formation, and reduced labeling with [3H]thymidine in cultured granulosa cells.

Conclusions

Therapeutic concentrations of mitotane are associated with the formation of benign ovarian cysts and amenorrhea. Mitotane‐induced suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis and impediment of the proliferative capacity of steroid‐producing cells are suggested potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying mitotane‐induced ovarian dysfunction and cyst development. Mitotane treatment does not compromise future ovarian function.
Accurate neonatal heart rate monitoring using a new wireless, cap mounted device
Authors: Henry Caroline , Shipley Lara , Ward Carole , Mirahmadi Siavash , Liu Chong , Morgan Steve , Crowe John , Carpenter James , Hayes‐Gill Barrie , Sharkey Don
Published: April 2020

Aim

A device for newborn heart rate (HR) monitoring at birth that is compatible with delayed cord clamping and minimises hypothermia risk could have advantages over current approaches. We evaluated a wireless, cap mounted device (fhPPG) for monitoring neonatal HR.

Methods

A total of 52 infants on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and immediately following birth by elective caesarean section (ECS) were recruited. HR was monitored by electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry (PO) and the fhPPG device. Success rate, accuracy and time to output HR were compared with ECG as the gold standard. Standardised simulated data assessed the fhPPG algorithm accuracy.

Results

Compared to ECG HR, the median bias (and 95% limits of agreement) for the NICU was fhPPG −0.6 (−5.6, 4.9) vs PO −0.3 (−6.3, 6.2) bpm, and ECS phase fhPPG −0.5 (−8.7, 7.7) vs PO −0.1 (−7.6, 7.1) bpm. In both settings, fhPPG and PO correlated with paired ECG HRs (both R2 = 0.89). The fhPPG HR algorithm during simulations demonstrated a near‐linear correlation (n = 1266, R2 = 0.99).

Conclusion

Monitoring infants in the NICU and following ECS using a wireless, cap mounted device provides accurate HR measurements. This alternative approach could confer advantages compared with current methods of HR assessment and warrants further evaluation at birth.
Letter: Covid‐19, and vitamin D
Authors: Panarese Alba , Shahini Endrit
Published: April 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tian et al and Tian and Rong papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15764.
Making Cheaper Labor: Domestic Outsourcing and Development in the Galilee
Authors: Taha Hebatalla
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the rise of domestic outsourcing in the high‐tech industry in the Galilee in northern Israel. Outsourcing has emerged as a self‐proclaimed mode of development targeting Palestinian citizens of Israel. This industry has expanded significantly in the past decade, attracting lucrative funds from public and private sources, and it has received widespread acclaim. Firms in this industry tend to have ties to the Israeli security establishment, a key player in the architecture of high‐tech in Israel. At the same time, a Palestinian capitalist class has coalesced around this industry, embracing the discourse of technology and globalization as forms of self‐empowerment. I argue that separation—in terms of wages and physical spaces—is a core operational characteristic within this industry, yet firms simultaneously invoke development as part of their organizational cultures, particularly the integration of Palestinian labor into the Israeli economy, empowerment of women, and peacemaking. Locating the practice of domestic outsourcing within a history of subcontracting to the Galilee, I illustrate that this “new” and “innovative” industry builds on established patterns that reinscribe Palestinian workers as a cheaper labor force. These practices illustrate the intertwinement of inclusion and exclusion within neoliberal economic development as well as the mutual production of Palestinians of 1948 as subjects of Israeli capitalism and colonialism.
Productive Values: Activating Labor and Finding Selves in Norwegian Job‐Seeker Courses
Authors: McKowen Kelly
Published: April 2020

In recent decades, activation has become the paradigm of European social policy. This is a move that many scholars have decried as part of the neoliberalization of the continent's once‐robust welfare states. Much of the scholarship on activation, however, has focused on the formal and legal dimensions of policy change, obscuring how activation policies function at the level of everyday life and thus what they actually represent with respect to the broader economic and political shifts remaking contemporary Europe. This article, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Norway between 2015 and 2016, examines one increasingly common activation scheme, the mandatory job‐seeker course. While confirming that the courses propagate a neoliberal rhetoric of the “sellable self,” ethnographic evidence contests the notion that this rhetoric is itself evidence of a broader ideological shift within Norway. In fact, the opposite is the case. This rhetoric is not only continuous with a longstanding elite understanding of Norway as an “active society” but also potentially beneficial to the country's universal welfare state. Ultimately, this article argues that insofar as neoliberal rhetoric helps Norway’s unemployed overcome feelings of moral abjection and social disorientation to search for formal, tax‐generating employment, it protects rather than undermines the social democratic order.
Upper bound estimators of the population size based on ordinal models for capture‐recapture experiments
Authors: Alfò Marco , Böhning Dankmar , Rocchetti Irene
Published: April 2020

Capture‐recapture studies have attracted a lot of attention over the past few decades, especially in applied disciplines where a direct estimate for the size of a population of interest is not available. Epidemiology, ecology, public health, and biodiversity are just a few examples. The estimation of the number of unseen units has been a challenge for theoretical statisticians, and considerable progress has been made in providing lower bound estimators for the population size. In fact, it is well known that consistent estimators for this cannot be provided in the very general case. Considering a case where capture‐recapture studies are summarized by a frequency of frequencies distribution, we derive a simple upper bound of the population size based on the cumulative distribution function. We introduce two estimators of this bound, without any specific parametric assumption on the distribution of the observed frequency counts. The behavior of the proposed estimators is investigated using several benchmark datasets and a large‐scale simulation experiment based on the scheme discussed by Pledger.
Analyzing wearable device data using marked point processes
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Wang Mei‐Cheng
Published: April 2020

This paper introduces two sets of measures as exploratory tools to study physical activity patterns: active‐to‐sedentary/sedentary‐to‐active rate function (ASRF/SARF) and active/sedentary rate function (ARF/SRF). These two sets of measures are complementary to each other and can be effectively used together to understand physical activity patterns. The specific features are illustrated by an analysis of wearable device data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A two‐level semiparametric regression model for ARF and the associated activity magnitude is developed under a unified framework using the marked point process formulation. The inactive and active states measured by accelerometers are treated as a 0‐1 point process, and the activity magnitude measured at each active state is defined as a marked variable. The commonly encountered missing data problem due to device nonwear is referred to as “window censoring,” which is handled by a proper estimation approach that adopts techniques from recurrent event data. Large sample properties of the estimator and comparison between two regression models as measurement frequency increases are studied. Simulation and NHANES data analysis results are presented. The statistical inference and analysis results suggest that ASRF/SARF and ARF/SRF provide useful analytical tools to practitioners for future research on wearable device data.
The effect of species composition dissimilarity on plant–herbivore network structure is not consistent over time
Authors: Pereira Martins Lucas , Matos Medina Anderson , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Almeida‐Neto Mário
Published: April 2020

The structural organization of several antagonistic networks has been demonstrated to be largely conserved through time and space even when species beta‐diversity is high. This might occur either because species are replaced by others that fulfill similar network roles or because interaction probabilities are given by species relative abundances rather than by their functional traits. Alternatively, if species‐specific traits are important drivers of realized interactions, any change in species composition should promote a certain degree of network structural dissimilarity. Here, we used a spatial‐temporal system comprising asteraceous plants and flower head herbivores from remnants of Brazilian Cerrado to investigate whether the relationship between spatial beta‐diversity of species and network structural dissimilarity changes over time. We measured species beta‐diversity using Sørensen's dissimilarity index (βsor) and its components of species replacement (β‐3) and richness differences (βrich). Network structural dissimilarity was estimated using three different metrics: connectance, modularity, and web asymmetry. We show that, in general, the effect of species beta‐diversity on network structure was time‐dependent: While some periods presented a positive relationship between spatial beta‐diversity and network structural dissimilarity, others presented no significant relationship. This indicates that functionally similar species may present different turnover rates at distinct periods, and different non‐exclusive processes affect plant–herbivore network organization across time.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Building an understanding of how winning products emerge when open and proprietary products coexist: Evidence from the RepRap community
Authors: Stanko Michael A.
Published: April 2020

Online innovation communities have altered the nature of collaborative innovation. Within these communities, coexistence of open and closed source offerings is becoming commonplace, though potential diffusion and product advantages from each form are not well understood. Patterns of derivative innovation within these communities affect designers' focus; thus, this work is grounded in the attention‐based view. Beyond open vs. closed source development, we find that the presence of sibling designs (designs based on the same source material) and self‐remix (iteration on material by the same designer) have notable diffusion and product effects. Diffusion effects are investigated using 354 co‐existing open and closed source 3D printers from the RepRap community, while a subset of these printers is used for an analysis of key product attributes: value and ease of use. While previous researchers have argued for an early stage open source diffusion advantage, this is not observed here. However, customers perceive open source products to have value advantages, while closed source offerings are easier to use. Sibling designs have a diffusion advantage, particularly early on. Self‐remixes have both diffusion and product advantages. By better understanding these contextual elements of derivative innovation, designers' attention can be shaped to achieve desired outcomes.
Childhood Studies and child psychology: Disciplines in dialogue?
Authors: Tatlow‐Golden Mimi , Montgomery Heather
Published: April 2020

Childhood Studies is a dynamic and still‐growing subject, bringing a child‐focused, rights‐based and (usually) constructionist perspective to children's lives. Its early days were also marked by wariness of, even hostility to, developmental psychology. Yet it is increasingly recognised that some mainstream developmental psychology is opening itself to more contextualised understandings of children and childhoods, and that other psychologies offer further opportunities for dialogue between disciplines. We aim to explore these opportunities, to consider what (and whether) these fields of study can learn from one another and how this might enrich and further challenge research and practice.
Clinical features and outcome of Wilson's disease with generalized epilepsy in Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Rou‐Min , Yu Hao , Yang Guo‐Min , Xu Wan‐Qing , Xia Nan , Zhang Yue , Ni Wang , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi‐Ying
Published: April 2020

Objective

Generalized epilepsy is rarely reported in patients with Wilson disease (WD) and lacks experience in clinical practice. We aim to provide better experience for the diagnosis and treatment for WD patients with epilepsy in the future.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in 13 Chinese WD patients with generalized epilepsy. Each patient was diagnosed with WD by clinical evaluation and genetic screening. Patients were given small doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), followed by copper‐chelation therapy when the seizures stabilized. Clinical manifestations, brain imaging changes, and treatment and outcome after a long‐term follow‐up were analyzed.

Results

Four out of 13 (30.8%) patients stopped taking copper‐chelation drugs for more than 1 year before they were admitted for epilepsy. The incidence of epilepsy of WD patients in our cohort is 1.43% (13/910), lower than those (4.5%‐5.9%) in other populations. After the attack of epilepsy, frontal lobes were the most common abnormalities (13/13, 100%) in patients, followed by brain stem (8/13, 61.5%) and thalamus (7/13, 53.8%). After a long‐term follow‐up, brain imaging and clinical manifestations of 8 (8/9, 88.9%) WD patients were significantly improved.

Conclusions

We firstly described WD patients with generalized epilepsy in the Chinese population. WD patients with aggravation of neuropsychiatric symptoms are prone to occur epilepsy; thus, brain MRI should be performed regularly in those patients. Cortical abnormality in brain MRI is a warning sign of epilepsy. Irregular use of copper‐chelation drugs and excessive copper deposition in the brain may be the cause of seizures. Long‐term standardized treatment for WD can effectively prevent the extensive brain damage and reduce the incidence of epilepsy in WD patients.