bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of high speed filming techniques to the study of rearwards melt ejection in laser drilling
Authors: Jones Connor , Hann D. B. , Voisey K. T. , Aitken Scott
Published: May 2017

Melt ejection is the dominant material removal mechanism in long, ms, pulse laser drilling of metals, a process with applications such as the drilling of cooling holes in turbine blades. Droplets of a molten material are ejected through the entrance hole and, after breakthrough, through the exit hole. High speed filming is used to study the ejected material in order to better understand how this debris may interact with the material in the immediate vicinity of the drilled hole. Existing studies have quantified various aspects of melt ejection; however, they usually focus on ejection through the entrance hole. This work concentrates on rear melt ejection and is relevant to issues such as rear wall impingement. A 2 kW IPG 200 S fiber laser is used to drill mild steel. High speed filming is combined with image analysis to characterize the rearward-ejected material. The particle size and velocity data are presented as a function of drilling parameters. It is concluded that high speed filming combined with image analysis and proper consideration of process limitations and optimization strategies can be a powerful tool in understanding resultant debris distributions.
Lo singular del empleo de los cirujanos dentistas
Authors: González Pérez Cándido
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo es producto de una investigación que en su primera parte se basó en una metodología cuantitativa al aplicar una encuesta a la totalidad de estudiantes de primer ingreso de la carrera de cirujano dentista, en la segunda en una cualitativa donde se entrevistó a los egresados de dos generaciones y a un empleador que ofreció información desde su perspectiva como investigador, docente, funcionario  y patrón. Se contrastan los resultados con dos teorías antagónicas entre sí donde una privilegia el actuar del individuo para basar sus sustentos, y la otra le otorga el papel determinante a la sociedad donde el seno familiar es definitorio para que los estudiantes accedan al éxito escolar y laboral. Una de las características de este escrito es que la totalidad de la información presentada fue extraída de primera mano.
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THROUGH CORPUS LINGUISTICS ON THE CASE OF POPULAR SCIENCE BOOK THE GRAND DESIGN
Authors: Uyun Rosita Masfirotul
Published: May 2017

This study aims to discover the theme of popular physics book, The GrandDesign, through corpus linguistics and discourse analysis as well as how theauthors of the book describe the field of study which in fact is not their mainfocus to work on. In this case, the authors are physicists and cosmologists whoattempt to use quantum to interpret the history if the universe. There were twoterms, quantum and cosmology, which would be examined to gain the number ofappearance in the book. A computer-based corpus software, AntConc v 3.4.3w andchi square test were employed to gain the hit numbers and the significant value ofthe possible different number appeared. This result would answer the question ofwhat the theme of the book is. The procedure of corpus analysis, which raw textis directly analyzed, was used along with collocation and concordance analysis.After the data was gained from collocation and concordance analysis, discourseanalysis was applied to obtain the profound findings of how the authors asserttheir opinion of quantum in the study of the cosmology. This paper resulted thatquantum has more hit numbers than cosmology. In addition, it was found thatthe theory proposed in this book was quite inadequate in a certain circumstance.
Fuzzy Coordinated Control of TCSCs to Improve Power System Stability
Authors: A. Ghafouri  , G. B. Gharehpetian  , J. Milimonfared
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the application of a coordinated fuzzy logic controller for the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) to improve the stability of the power system. The nonlinear fuzzy logic controller is used to overcome the problems generated by modeling and different uncertainties existing in power systems during design stage of controllers to damp electromechanical oscillations. To facilitate the design process, neural network is used to model the system input-output behavior. Proposed method is implemented on the 9 Bus IEEE power system and simulation results are presented to confirm the performance of the proposed controller. It is shown that this controller can increase the damping of the system
Enhanced recovery of light-induced degradation on the micromorph solar cells by reverse bias
Authors: H.-C. Sun  , J. Y. Chen  , Y.-J. Yang  , T.-M. Chao  , W.-D. Chen  , C. W. Liu  , W.-Y. Lin  , C.-C. Bi  , C.-H. Yeh
Published: May 2017

The recovery of light-induced degradation of the tandem micromorph solar cells by applying reverse bias is compared with the single junction a-Si solar cells for the first time. The illuminated current density-voltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency show that the degraded efficiency of both the micromorph and a-Si solar cells can be recovered by applying sufficient reverse bias. The micromorph solar cells can be recovered with smaller reverse bias as compared with a-Si solar cells. The simulation and experimental results show that higher hydrogen concentration in the bottom cell of the micromorph solar cells can help accelerate the recovery process
Optimization of efficiency and energy saving in public lighting with multi-objective evolutionary algorithms
Authors: D. Gómez-Lorente  , O. Rabaza  , A. Espín-Estrella  , A. Peña-García
Published: May 2017

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have been applied to classical problems in public lighting calculations with the aim of finding the most optimal solutions among the very large set of different configurations achieved with the standard methods.
Development with Green Job, Renewable Energy and Sustainability and Power Quality
Authors: Roberto C. Betini
Published: May 2017

This article presents the strategy of the use of the green job as a way of providing a sustainable development to the planet Earth. In agreement with the Program of the United Nations for the Environment, (PNUMA, 2011), the green job is the work in the agriculture, manufacture, research and development, administration, and service activities that contribute substantially to preserve or to recover the environmental quality. Specifically, but no exclusively, that includes works that help to protect ecosystems (USP, 2012) and biodiversity (E O WILSON BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION, 2012), to reduce the consumption of energy, materials and water through strategies of high efficiency, decarbonizing the economy and minimizing or avoiding the generation of all the garbage forms and pollution (UNEP, 2008). The article investigates which are the sectors of the green economy in Brazil and in the world. There are also suggested public politics that seek to promote or to enlarge the offers of green jobs in Brazil. Finally, a scenery showing the economical, social and environmental advantages in case strategies of creation of green jobs were used in some sectors of the Brazilian economy, is provided.
Voltage assessment of distribution network with large penetration of PVs by probabilistic approach
Authors: T. Hiratsuka  , K. Nozaki  , M. Kato  , Y. Hirata
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the voltage profile in the Japanese distribution system with large penetration of photovoltaics (PVs) is estimated probabilistically by Monte-Carlo simulation. PV outputs and load demands are given as probability distributions with certain correlation factors.
Thermal, mechanical and hydrodynamic analysis to optimize the design of molten salt central receivers of solar tower power plants.
Authors: M. R. Rodríguez-Sanchez  , M. Venegas-Bernal  , C. Marugán-Cruz  , C. Marugán-Cruz  , D. Santana
Published: May 2017

One  of  the  main  problems  of  the  molten-salt  solar power  tower  plants is  the  reliability  and  lifetime  estimation  of central-receivers.   The   receiver   must   withstand   high   working temperatures,   molten   salt   corrosion   and   important   solar-flux transient  thermal  processes  that  lead  to  thermal  stresses  and fatigue. A thermal, mechanical and hydrodynamic analysis of the receiver  has  been  carried out  assuming  constant  temperature at each   cell   used   in   the   simulations,   but   assuming   axial   and circumferential  variation  temperature  in  the  whole  perimeter  of the  receiver.  The  optimal  design  of  this  kind  of  receivers  has been  found  varying  the  number  of  panels  and  the   external diameter  of  the  tubes.  It  has  been  obtained  that  the  maximum film temperature and thermal stress  follows a different evolution than  the  pressure  drop,  therefore  it  is  necessary  to  make a compromise  between  them.  The  optimal  receiver  design  must reduce  the  wall  and  film  temperatures  and  the  thermal  stresses, assure  the  correct  operation  and  prolong  the  lifetime  of  the receivers.  In  addition,  the  chosen  design  must have  the  highest thermal efficiency, reducing the number of heliostat and therefore the initial capital investment cost of the solar plant will be lower.
Ricinus communis L. (Castor bean), a potential multi-purpose environmental crop for improved and integrated phytoremediation
Authors: Kiran Boda Ravi , Prasad Majeti Narasimha Vara
Published: May 2017

Phytoremediation is a plant based environmental cleanup technology to contain (rendering less toxic), sequester and degrade contaminated susbtrates. As can be seen from data metrics, it is gaining cosiderable importance globally. Phytoremediation approach is being applied for cleanup of inorganic (potentially toxic metals), organic (persistent, emergent, poly-acromatic hydrocarbons and crude oil etc.) and co-contaminated (mixture of inorganic and organic) and/or polluted sites globally. Recently new approaches of utilizing abundantly available natural organic amendments have yielded significant results. Ricinus communis L. (Castor bean) is an important multipurpose crop viz., Agricultural, Energy, Environmental and Industrial crop. The current status of knowledge is abundant but scattered which need to be exploited for sustainable development. This review collates and evaluates all the scattered information and provides a critical view on the possible options for exploiting its potential as follows: 1. Origin and distribution, 2. Lead toxicity bioassays, 3. Progress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-assisted phytoremediation, 4. Promising bioenergy crop that can be linked to pytoremediation, 5. A renewable source for many bioproducts with rich chemical diversity, 6. It is a good biomonitor and bioindicator of atmospheric pollution in urban areas, 7. Enhanced chelate aided remediation, 8. Its rhizospheric processes accelerate natural attenuation, 9. It is suitable for remediation of crude oil contaminated soil, 10. It is an ideal candidate for aided phytostabilization, 11. Castor bean is a wizard for phytoremediation and 12. Its use in combined phytoextraction and ecocatalysis. Further, the knowledge gaps and scope for future research on sustainable co-generation of value chain and value addition biobased products for sustainable circular economy and environmental security are described in this paper.
Epilobium angustifolium L.: A medicinal plant with therapeutic properties
Authors: Ostrovska Halyna , Oleshchuk Oleksandra , Vannini Samuele , Cataldi Samuela , Albi Elisabetta , Codini Michela , Moulas Anargyros , Marchyshyn Svitlana , Beccari Tommaso , Ceccarini Maria Rachele
Published: May 2017

Epilobium angustifolium L. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Onagraceae family, which includes more than 200 different species from all over the world. Traditional medicinal applications include treatment of prostate, gastrointestinal, menstrual disorders and recently it has been used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. In this investigation E. angustifolium was collected in Ternopil region of Ukraine. The obtained data demonstrated that E. angustifolium herb extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tannins, display high antioxidant properties. In addition the potential anticancer activity has been investigated in vitro on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Furthermore the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of E. angustifolium have been investigated respectively by MTT and Comet assay. Results showed that at low concentration, up to 25 μg/mL, the cytotoxic effect was not observed. Increasing concentration from 50 to 75 μg/mL reduced significantly cell viability and induced an important DNA damage in hepatocellular carcinoma. These promising data were also confirmed with mitochondrial potential test. It is possible to conclude that E. angustifolium has beneficial properties in low concentration, in term of antioxidant activity, and it could be a potential antitumoral natural product if it will be used at high concentration
Clinical and economic issues complicating cost-effectiveness evaluation of orphan diseases
Authors: Nuijten Mark J.C. , Pronk Marja H. , Hutton John , Hasselt Peter van , Oosterwijk Cor , Rutten Frans F.H.
Published: May 2017

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of orphan medicinal products is confronted with a large confidence interval on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), or extremely high ICERs and therefore rejection of products for uptake in the health insurance package (coverage) by health authorities in Europe. Examples from the United Kingdom (UK) and The Netherlands illustrated that straightforward application of the decision criteria might not always be possible, resulting in a large variety of coverage decisions that were neither transparent nor consistent with the criteria. This observation required more insight into what drives the high ICERs and what policies may support the appropriate use of orphan medicinal products. The most relevant clinical and economic issues that are perceived to complicate the cost-effectiveness evaluation of orphan medicinal products are discussed. Theoretically, two possible solutions are available: 1) circumvent or 2) keep the standard assessment criterion costeffectiveness. In analogy to the Europe Medicine Agency (EMA) registration approach of orphan medicinal products that are hampered by limitations in the clinical data at the time of registration, we suggest to stick to the use of standard uniform criteria, but that efforts should be directed at optimising the input to the cost-effectiveness evaluation. Subsequently potential policy approaches are developed.
Isolation and culture of endothelial cells from embryonic rat yolk sac
Authors: Ülger Harun , Karabulut Ahmet K. , Pratten Margaret K.
Published: May 2017

Yolk sac blood islands are the first morphologic evidence of hematopoietic development during mammalian embryogenesis, and visseral yolk sac mesoderm gives rise to the first embryonic blood cells within a rich endothelial network. Present study reports the isolation and culture of endothelial cells from 11.5 days old embryonic rat yolk sac. The embryos were dissected from 11.5 days pregnant Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the external yolk sac membrane and embryos were removed under aseptic condition. After washing three times with Calcium-Magnesium free Hank’s balanced salt solution (CMF-HBSS), the tissue was minced, and fragments were incubated in CMF-HBSS containing 2mg/ml Trypsin, 100mg/ml collagenase I and 40mg/ml DNAse at 37°C until the tissue was completely dispersed. The digestion effect was then neutralized by fetal bovine serum at 1:3 (v/v). The cell suspension was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min., the supernatants were discarded and the cell pellets resuspended in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum, 1.25mg/ml amphotericin B, 25mg/ml gentamycin sulphate and 100mg/ml endothelial cell growth supplement. The resuspended cells were plated in two diverse 25cm2 culture flasks for overnight differential adherence at 37°C. The non-adherent cells were removed by gentle aspiration and adherent cells refed with fresh medium. The cells were transferred using 1ml of 0.2% Trypsin when cultures reached near-confluence. The cultured yolk sac endothelial cells had characteristic cobblestone appearence and positive immunofluorescent staining for von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Weibel-Palade bodies, the major ultrastructural marker for endothelium, were also detected in cultured cells by electron microscopy.
Localization of nuclear actin in nuclear lipid microdomains of liver and hepatoma cells: Possible involvement of sphingomyelin metabolism
Authors: Cataldi Samuela , Lazzarini Andrea , Codini Michela , Cascianelli Giacomo , Floridi Alessandro , Bartoccini Elisa , Ceccarini Maria Rachele , Ambesi-Impiombato Francesco Saverio , Beccari Tommaso , Curcio Francesco , Albi Elisabetta
Published: May 2017

Nuclear actin has been implicated in different nuclear functions. In this work, its localization in nuclear membrane, chromatin and nuclear lipid microdomains was investigated. The implication of sphingomyelin metabolism was studied. Nuclear membrane, chromatin and nuclear lipid microdomains were purified from hepatocyte nuclei and H35 human hepatoma cell nuclei. The presence of β-actin was analyzed with immunoblotting by using specific antibodies. Sphingomyelinase, sphingomyelin-synthase, and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C activities were assayed by using radioactivity sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine as substrate. The results showed that β-actin is localized in nuclear lipid microdomains and it increases in cancer cells. Evidence is provided to the difference of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin metabolism in various subnuclear fractions of cancer cell nuclei compared with normal cells. Our findings show increase of sphingomyelin-synthase and inhibition of sphingomyelinase activity only in nuclear lipid microdomains. Nuclear lipid microdomains, constituted by phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, play a role as platform for β-actin anchoring. Possible role of sphingomyelin metabolism in cancer cells is discussed.
Evaluation of probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains: an in vitro study
Authors: Sidarenka Anastasiya , Valentovich Leonid , Novik Galina
Published: May 2017

Probiotic potential of two bifidobacterial strains isolated from feces of healthy adults and identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis was evaluated using in vitro testing. The analyzed strains were able to ferment a broad spectrum of carbohydrates, produced bioactive exopolysaccharides, demonstrated high survival rate in model GIT conditions, under heat and oxidative stresses, inhibited growth of a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, and proved to be safe for biotechnological application. Based on the complex phenotypic characteristics tested, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis may be regarded as prospective probiotic cultures.
Biotechnological importance of sphagnum mosses
Authors: Shabeta Marina
Published: May 2017

Since Belarus is rich in sphagnum bogs it is extremely important to develop ways to use the resources of sphagnum mosses with a number of useful properties. Sphagnum is the only genus in the class Sphagnopsida and includes 36 Bryophyta species in Belarus. Sphagnum mosses, which are widespread in Belarus, have great potential for possible use in contaminated water purification from various hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents and salt solutions, in light industry and agriculture (considering the need of their renewal).
Modal Sosial Untuk Kapasitas Community Governance (Studi Kasus Perempuan Pesisir Kelurahan Sulaa Kota Baubau)
Authors: Wijaya Andy Arya Maulana
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk memberikan sudut pandangan yang lain tentang peran perempuan pesisir di Kelurahan Sulaa Kota Baubau. Bahwa peran perempuan pesisir tidak saja terbatas pada peran domestiknya saja, namun dengan pengelolaan modal sosial perempuan pesisir juga dapat berkontribusi dalam governance di tingkat lokal. Terdapat beberapa temuan dalam penelitian ini, yakni modal sosial perempuan pesisir yang nampak pada kelompok-kelompok perempuan pesisir dapat mengelola keberlanjutan organisasi perempuan pesisir pada tataran modal sosial bonding, bridging dan linking. Dalam hal modal sosial bonding ditunjukkan dengan Kepemimpinan organisasi kelompok perempuan yang cukup efektif dalam mengelola organisasi, adanya kesadaran gerakan menabung, dan berlangsungnya proses berbagi informasi dan pengetahuan; untuk modal sosial bridging Ditunjukkan dalam bentuk jaringan kerjasama dengan kelompok lain, dengan jaringan ini kemudian kelompok perempuan pesisir memproduksi berbagai inovasi usaha dan berbagai pengetahuan umum lainnya; serta modal sosial linking Ditunjukkan pada adanya partisipasi kelompok perempuan pesisir baik dalam pengembangan kelompok, pelatihan,  pemasaran produk usaha mereka, serta pemerolehan bantuan dari Pemda. Namun, perubahan lingkungan, kemampuan sumberdaya serta tuntutan yang terus berubah memerlukan adanya adaptasi terus menerus terhadap kapasitas kelompok perempuan pesisir, oleh karena itu dalam persoalan dukungan pemerintah daerah Kota Baubau tetap diperlukan.
Analisis Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kota Tegal
Authors: Zainudin Arif
Published: May 2017

Pelayanan publik adalah merupakan kegiatan atau rangkaian kegiatan dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pelayanan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan bagi setiap warga negara dan penduduk atas barang, jasa, dan pelayanan administratif yang disediakan oleh penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Sebagaimana seperti yang diamanahkan UU 25 tahun 2009 tentang pelayanan publik, seluruh instansi pemerintah yang memberikan pelayanan wajib memberikan pelayanan yang optimal dan berkualitas. Kualitas pelayanan idealnya selalu dikaji setiap berkala, sehingga pelayanan dapat terkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari indeks kepuasan masyarakat Badan Pelayanan Perijinan Terpadu Kota Tegal pada tahun 2014, dan ingin mengetahui harapan masyarakat mengenai pelayanan yang diberikan oleh Badan Pelayanan Perijinan Terpadu Kota Tegal.Dalam menganalisis IKM Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kota Tegal peneliti menggunakan indikator penelitian yang tercantum dalam Permenpan No. 16 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner dan interview terhadap responden sejumlah 100 orang pengguna jasa layanan BP2T Kota Tegal diperoleh nilai IKM sebesar 80,08 % yang dikonversikan kedalam mutu pelayanan tergolong kinerja pelayanan “baik” atau “B” hasil tersebut mengalami peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya sebesar 2%. Kemudian untuk mengetahui gap antara harapan dan kenyataan pelayanan, peneliti menggunakan analisis diagram  kartesius atau Importance Performance Analysis dengan hasil bahwa unsur yang tergolong dalam kuadran A yakni Prioritas Utama untuk dioptimalkan meliputi prosedur pelayanan, dan waktu pelayanan, dan yang tergolong dalam kuadran B yakni unsur yang harus dipertahankan meliputi persyaratan pelayanan, biaya/tarif, produk spesifikasi, kompetensi pelaksana, perilaku pelaksana, maklumat pelayanan, penanganan pengaduan saran, dan masukan pelayanan.Melihat hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan proses pelayanan dalam unsur prosedur dan waktu pelayanan mendapatkan perhatian khusus untuk reformasi proses bisnis pelayanan di BP2T Kota Tegal.
Implementasi Kebijakan Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB)
Authors: Mandala Edward , Setyadiharja Rendra , Jefri J , Renaldi Rio , Mulyani Nurul
Published: May 2017

Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (Port Clearance) merupakan suatu proses pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Syahbandar terhadap kapal yang akan berlayar meninggalkan pelabuhan untuk memastikan bahwa Kapal, awak kapal, dan muatannya secara teknis administratif telah memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran serta perlindungan lingkungan maritim. Pemahaman dari persyaratan Keselamatan dan Keamanan pelayaran adalah suatu keadaan terpenuhinya persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan yang menyangkut angkutan diperairan, kepelabuhanan dan lingkungan maritim. Tanggung jawab Syahbandar memang sangat berat dalam menjamin keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran, karena Syahbandar merupakan pejabat pemerintah di pelabuhan yang diangkat oleh Menteri dan memiliki kewenangan tertinggi untuk menjalankan dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap dipenuhinya ketentuan peraturan perundang undangan untuk menjamin keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran.Teori yang digunakan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini adalah teori implementasi kebijakan dari Edward III. Teori Edward III dalam penyusunan penelitian ini terdiri dari empat indikator, yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan stuktur birokrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pedoman wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sampling purposive. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat ketahui bahwa implementasian kebijakan surat persetujuan berlayar masih kurang berjalan dengan baik. Masih banyak para pengguna jasa SPB yang tidak mengetahui cara pembuatan surat tersebut. Dengan tidak memiliki surat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan keselamatan para pengguna jasa terancam. Dan masih terdapat ketidakjujuran dari kantor syahbandar dan otoritas kijang terhadap anggaran yang disediakan buat kebijakan SPB. komunikasi antara aparatur dengan masyarakat belum sepenuhnya terlaksana dengan baik. Menghadapi permasalahan tersebut seharusnya kantor syahbandar dan otoritas kijang lebih melakukan sosialisasi kepada para pengguna jasa sehingga pelanggaran-pelanggran yang tidak dinginkan tidak terjadi dan keselamatan mereka terjaga dan aman.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Satu Desa Satu Milliar Pemerintah Kabupaten Pulau Morotai (Studi Desa Gotalamo Kecamatan Morotai Selatan dan Desa Bere-Bere Kec. Morotai Utara)
Authors: Usman Syarifuddin , Habib Asrul Sani
Published: May 2017

Sebelum berlakunya UU Desa nomor 6 tahun 2014 dimana anggaran dana desa dianggarkan 1 Milyar dari APBN, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, melalui Kepala Daerahnya Rusli Sibua, pada tahun anggaran 2014 telah menganggarkan satu desa satu milyar (SDSM) untuk setiap desa di Kabupaten tersebut.Komitmen membangun desa ini dari Bupati Rusli Sibua tersebut merupakan janji politik saat kampanye pemilihan kepala daerah pada 2011. Setelah terpilih sebagai kepala daerah, Rusli Sibua merealisasikan janji tersebut melalui program pembangunan desa melalui SDSM yang diakomodir dalam APBD.Dengan kebijakan tersebut, program SDSM pemerintah Kabupaten Pulau Morotai terhadap pembangunan di dua desa yakni, desa Gotalamo kecamatan Morotai Selatan dan desa bere-bere kecamatan Morotai Utara hanya berdampak pada pembangunan infrastrtuktur desa, seperti pembangunan rumah ibadah (Masjid dan Gereja), Kantor Desa, dan Pagar Desa dan Jalan Desa. Belum ada program yang menyentuh perbaikan taraf ekonomi masyarakat sehingga meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Meskipun ada juga alokasi anggaran untuk para imam masjid, guru mengaji, kader posyandu dan sejmlah perangkat desa.Temuan penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan Satu Desa Satu Miliar tidak pernah pernah dilakukan evaluasi, baik di tingkat desa, kecamatan maupun di tingkat Kabupaten, sehingga kebijakan SDSM tidak bisa di ukur sejauh mana program yang diwujudkan dan seperti apa penggunaan anggarannya.Meskipun bukan merupakan factor penghambat, tapi akibat pengelolaan keuangan yang tidak transparan dan terpusat pada kepala desa, membuat hubungan BPD dan Kepala desa menjadi disharmonis.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN PENAMBAHAN NUTRISI PADA PROSES FERMENTASI UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL DARI SABUT KELAPA
Authors: Anggorowati Dwi Ana , Purwati Purwati , P Sulis Dwi
Published: May 2017

Pada saat ini,  bioethanol diperhitungkan sebagai pilihan yang lebih baik daripada bahan bakar fosil karena dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada minyak mentah. Bioetanol juga menjanjikan pembakaran  lebih bersih yang mendorong ke arah lingkungan yang lebih sehat karena karbon yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran netral dan yang terpenting bebas dari sulfur. Bahan- bahan yang mungkin digunakan sebagai penghasil bioetanol biasanya mengandung karbohidrat, seperti pati sagu, jagung dan bongkolnya, singkong, rumput laut dan limbahnya.Dari  sekian  banyak  bahan  yang  tersedia  di alam selain bahan berpati, bahan lignoselulosa merupakan  substrat  terbanyak  yang  belum digunakan secara maksimal.Salah satu bahan yang mengandung lignoselulosa adalah buah kelapa, terutama bagian sabut kelapa. Sabut kelapa merupakan  bagian  yang  cukup  besar  dari  buah kelapa  yaitu  35%  dari  berat  keseluruhan  buah. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terbaik pada proses fermentasi, dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan nutrisi (NH4)2HPO4 terbaik pada proses fermentasi.Variabel penelitian ini antara lain : Suhu fermentasi yaitu 26, 29, 31, 33 dan 35 oC dan beratnutrisi (NH4)2HPO4 yaitu  5, 7, 9, 11 dan 13 g.  Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, hasil terbaik didapatkan pada kondisi fermentasi pada suhu 29oC menghasilkan kadar etanol sebesar 0,46790%. Serta penambahan nutrisi (NH4)2HPO4 pada proses fermentasi sebanyak 7 g menghasilkan kadar etanol sebesar 0,46790%. Kata kunci   : Bioetanol,            Sabut      Kelapa,Saccharomyces Cerevisea
PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PRODUKSI BATU PECAH DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI PASIR PADA CAMPURAN BATA BETON (PAVING BLOCK)
Authors: Deshariyanto Dwi , Harun Mohammad
Published: May 2017

Ketersediaan  limbah  hasil  produksi  batu  pecahsecara masinal dan terbatasnya sumber daya alam yang di  Kabupaten  Sumenep  khususnya   tersedianya  pasir hitam yang digunakan dalam campuran bata beton, maka perlu diteliti penggunaan limbah produksi batu pecah secara masinal untuk digunakan sebagai bahan penganti pasir pada campuran bata beton (paving block).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahmelakukan percobaan di laboratorium. Hasil pengujian bata beton dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan uji regresi serta menganalisis bata beton berdasarkan SNI 03 – 0691– 1996 tentang bata beton.Hasil perhitungan uji variance maupun uji regresi menujukan bahwa ada perbedaan kuat tekan, ada perbedaan penyerapan air dan tidak ada perbedaan ketahanan aus antara perlakuan dalam menambahkan limbah batu pecah sebagai bahan pengisi (filler) pada campuran paving block.. Kualitas paving block yang digunakan  sebagai  benda  uji  mempunyai  sifat  tampak dari semua perlakuan mempunyai permukaan yang rata, tidak terdapat retak – retak dan cacat, bagian sudut dan rusuknya ada sebagian yang mudah dirapihkan dengan menggunakan jari tangan. ukuran semua perlakuan mempunyai tebal rata – rata 6,08 cm, sehingga paving block yang digunakan sebagai benda uji penelitian memenuhi  syarat  mutu paving block.  Persyaratan sifat fisika paving block menurut SNI 03-0691-1996 tidak memenuhi persyaratan untuk ketahanan aus dan penyerapan air. Kata kunci    :    Limbah, bahan pengganti, bata beton
PENGGUNAAN METODE STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN READING COMPREHESION DAN PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Andiriyanto Achmad
Published: May 2017

Metode pembelajaran kooperatif bukan suatu yang  hal baru. Metode ini sudah bertahun-tahun digunakan para pendidik dalam berbagai bidang studi dan dalam berbagai jenjang pendidikan mulai dari taman kanak-kanak sampai perguruan tinggi. Penggunaan metode kooperatif  diharapkan dapat memberikan variasi pembelajaran yang effektif dan dapat memberikan motivasi kepada siswa untuk saling membantu dan mendukung satu sama lain dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode STAD sebagai metode pembelajaran terutama dalam aspek pengembangan reading comprehension dan mengetahui tingkat motivasi siswa dengan menggunakan metode STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan rancangan melalui empat tahap yaitu; (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) Observasi dan (4) refleksi serta menngunakan pre-test dan pos-test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode Student Team – Achievement Division (STAD) berhasil mewujudkan tujuan penelitian. Keberhasilan dinyatakan atas dasar kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan metode STAD memberikan dampak intruksional berupa; peningkatan kemampuan reading comprehension hal ini dapat diketahui dengan adanya peningkatan aktifitas belajar siswa dalam kegiatan kelas. Antara lain keaktifan bertanya dan menjawab pertanyaan guru, mengungkapkan pendapat serta bekerjasama dalam berdiskusi dan presentasi, serta ditunjukkan dengan hasil ketuntasan belajar siswa yang pada awalnya 30%, pos-test pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 63% dan  pos-test pada siklus II sebesar 95% hal ini bearti antara siklus I dan II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 32%. Hal ini menunjukkan indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini sudah terpenuhi dan penggunaan metode STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar reading comprehension siswa.
Embodied Emissions in Inputs and Outputs: A Value-Added Approach to National Emissions Accounting
Authors: Fellows G. Kent , Dobson Sarah
Published: May 2017

We present a consumption-based greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting model for Canada, based on a multiregional input–output formulation. The outputs resulting from this model comprise a set of detailed input–output tables displaying trade in embodied emissions across regions and sectors (in contrast to the usual financial value input–output tables). After a complete exposition of our embodied GHG emission accounting model, we provide a brief analysis of production- and consumption-based GHG emission footprints and the related interregional trade in embodied emissions across Canadian provinces for 2004–2011. Our initial analysis is intended to present the model and illustrate general conclusions to highlight the utility of the resulting detailed GHG input–output tables as a resource for future research.
Do School Junk Food Bans Improve Student Health? Evidence from Canada
Authors: Leonard Philip S.J.
Published: May 2017

Six Canadian provinces have banned the sale of junk food on school property to address child health issues such as obesity. Differences in the timing of the introduction of provincial policies provide variation in treatment across provinces, and variation within provinces comes from differences across students in the number of years of schooling during which junk food was banned. Using data from cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, I find that each year of a junk food ban is associated with a decline of about 0.05 body mass index. Students exposed to five or more years of a junk food ban had lower body mass index equivalent to a decrease of about two pounds for an individual who is five feet, six inches tall.
Uri McMillan, Embodied Avatars: Genealogies of Black Feminist Art and Performance
Authors: Itam Uchenna
Published: May 2017

Uri McMillan’s debut book, Embodied Avatars: Genealogies of Black Feminist Art and Performance, examines instances of black women using self-objectification and secondary personalities in both everyday life and their artistic practices as a means to circumvent racism and sexism in the United States from the 1800s to the present.
Textbooks in Periods of Political Transition after the Second World War
Authors: Angulo Kira Mahamud , Ascenzi Anna
Published: May 2017

This special issue examines textbooks in countries undergoing political
transition, change, and convulsion. The articles consider textbooks from
countries shifting from one political regime to another, “at different
speeds and with different priorities,”1 in the second half of the twentieth
century. The articles raise a number of questions. What happens to textbooks
during the intervals between one form of government and another?
How does the information contained in textbooks change during these
intervals of instability and uncertainty, and during the phases of the construction
and consolidation of a new political regime?
Teaching Economics with Spanish Primary School Textbooks during the Franco Dictatorship and the Transition to Democracy (1962-1982)
Authors: Angulo Kira Mahamud , Laina Yovana Hernández
Published: May 2017

In this article we analyze knowledge about economics conveyed via primary
school textbooks published during the late Franco dictatorship and the years
of transition to democracy in Spain. Starting from the premise that the process of
political socialization and identity construction is based partly on economic factors,
we examine the evolution of the content of economics in textbooks during
and after the technocratic phase of planning and development. We elucidate ways
in which economic culture is transmitted in schools, identifying certain values,
principles
and patterns of sociopolitical thought that this culture upholds and
projects.
Spanish Migrants in Basque Social Science Textbooks from the Late Franco Era to the Transition to Democracy
Authors: Delgado Ander
Published: May 2017

In this article I explore the ways in which migrants from other parts of
Spain to the Basque Country are portrayed in Basque social science textbooks
published in the Basque Country between the end of Franco’s dictatorship and the
period of the transition to democracy. I elucidate the role attributed to immigrants,
who were culturally and linguistically distinct from Basque society, by educators
concerned about the survival of Basque culture and the Basque language. In addition,
the article addresses strategies proposed by members of the Basque education
sector and adopted in order to facilitate integration during this period.
Clustering Using an Improved Krill Herd Algorithm
Authors: Li Qin , Liu Bo
Published: May 2017

In recent years, metaheuristic algorithms have been widely used in solving clustering problems because of their good performance and application effects. Krill herd algorithm (KHA) is a new effective algorithm to solve optimization problems based on the imitation of krill individual behavior, and it is proven to perform better than other swarm intelligence algorithms. However, there are some weaknesses yet. In this paper, an improved krill herd algorithm (IKHA) is studied. Modified mutation operators and updated mechanisms are applied to improve global optimization, and the proposed IKHA can overcome the weakness of KHA and performs better than KHA in optimization problems. Then, KHA and IKHA are introduced into the clustering problem. In our proposed clustering algorithm, KHA and IKHA are used to find appropriate cluster centers. Experiments were conducted on University of California Irvine (UCI) standard datasets, and the results showed that the IKHA clustering algorithm is the most effective.
A Prediction of Precipitation Data Based on Support Vector Machine and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-SVM) Algorithms
Authors: Du Jinglin , Liu Yayun , Yu Yanan , Yan Weilan
Published: May 2017

Precipitation is a very important topic in weather forecasts. Weather forecasts, especially precipitation prediction, poses complex tasks because they depend on various parameters to predict the dependent variables like temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, which are changing from time to time and weather calculation varies with the geographical location along with its atmospheric variables. To improve the prediction accuracy of precipitation, this context proposes a prediction model for rainfall forecast based on Support Vector Machine with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-SVM) to replace the linear threshold used in traditional precipitation. Parameter selection has a critical impact on the predictive accuracy of SVM, and PSO is proposed to find the optimal parameters for SVM. The PSO-SVM algorithm was used for the training of a model by using the historical data for precipitation prediction, which can be useful information and used by people of all walks of life in making wise and intelligent decisions. The simulations demonstrate that prediction models indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm has much better accuracy than the direct prediction model based on a set of experimental data if other things are equal. On the other hand, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the SVM-PSO model used in machine learning and further promises the scope for improvement as more and more relevant attributes can be used in predicting the dependent variables.
The Interplay between Oncogenic Signaling Networks and Mitochondrial Dynamics
Authors: Nagdas Sarbajeet , Kashatus David
Published: May 2017

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that alter their organization in response to a variety of cellular cues. Mitochondria are central in many biologic processes, such as cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis, and mitochondrial network morphology can contribute to those physiologic processes. Some of the biologic processes that are in part governed by mitochondria are also commonly deregulated in cancers. Furthermore, patient tumor samples from a variety of cancers have revealed that mitochondrial dynamics machinery may be deregulated in tumors. In this review, we will discuss how commonly mutated oncogenes and their downstream effector pathways regulate the mitochondrial dynamics machinery to promote changes in mitochondrial morphology as well as the physiologic consequences of altered mitochondrial morphology for tumorigenic growth.
Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility
Authors: Ko In , Kang Heung-Sik , Heo Hoon , Kim Changbum , Kim Gyujin , Min Chang-Ki , Yang Haeryong , Baek Soung , Choi Hyo-Jin , Mun Geonyeong , Park Byoung , Suh Young , Shin Dong , Hu Jinyul , Hong Juho , Jung Seonghoon , Kim Sang-Hee , Kim KwangHoon , Na Donghyun , Park Soung , Park Yong , Jung Young , Jeong Seong , Lee Hong , Lee Sangbong , Lee Sojeong , Oh Bonggi , Suh Hyung , Han Jang-Hui , Kim Min , Jung Nam-Suk , Kim Young-Chan , Lee Mong-Soo , Lee Bong-Ho , Sung Chi-Won , Mok Ik-Su , Yang Jung-Moo , Parc Yong , Lee Woul-Woo , Lee Chae-Soon , Shin Hocheol , Kim Ji , Kim Yongsam , Lee Jae , Park Sang-Youn , Kim Jangwoo , Park Jaeku , Eom Intae , Rah Seungyu , Kim Sunam , Nam Ki Hyun , Park Jaehyun , Park Jaehun , Kim Sangsoo , Kwon Soonnam , An Ran , Park Sang , Kim Kyung , Hyun Hyojung , Kim Seung , Kim Seonghan , Yu Chung-Jong , Kim Bong-Soo , Kang Tai-Hee , Kim Kwang-Woo , Kim Seung-Hwan , Lee Hee-Seock , Lee Heung-Soo , Park Ki-Hyeon , Koo Tae-Yeong , Kim Dong-Eon , Lee Ki
Published: May 2017

The construction of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), a 0.1-nm hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility based on a 10-GeV S-band linear accelerator (LINAC), is achieved in Pohang, Korea by the end of 2016. The construction of the 1.11 km-long building was completed by the end of 2014, and the installation of the 10-GeV LINAC and undulators started in January 2015. The installation of the 10-GeV LINAC, together with the undulators and beamlines, was completed by the end of 2015. The commissioning began in April 2016, and the first lasing of the hard X-ray FEL line was achieved on 14 June 2016. The progress of the PAL-XFEL construction and its commission are reported here.
The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review
Authors: Clausi Silvia , Iacobacci Claudia , Lupo Michela , Olivito Giusy , Molinari Marco , Leggio Maria
Published: May 2017

Studies from the past three decades have demonstrated that there is cerebellar involvement in the emotional domain. Emotional processing in humans requires both unconscious and conscious mechanisms. A significant amount of evidence indicates that the cerebellum is one of the cerebral structures that subserve emotional processing, although conflicting data has been reported on its function in unconscious and conscious mechanisms. This review discusses the available clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data on this issue. We also propose a model in which the cerebellum acts as a mediator between the internal state and external environment for the unconscious and conscious levels of emotional processing.
A Modular Multilevel Converter with Power Mismatch Control for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Duman Turgay , Marti Shilpa , Moonem M. , Abdul Kader Azas , Krishnaswami Hariharan
Published: May 2017

A modular multilevel power converter configuration for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed. The converter configuration replaces the conventional bulky line frequency transformer with several high frequency transformers, potentially reducing the balance of systems cost of PV systems. The front-end converter for each port is a neutral-point diode clamped (NPC) multi-level dc-dc dual-active bridge (ML-DAB) which allows maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The integrated high frequency transformer provides the galvanic isolation between the PV and grid side and also steps up the low dc voltage from PV source. Following the ML-DAB stage, in each port, is a NPC inverter. N number of NPC inverters’ outputs are cascaded to attain the per-phase line-to-neutral voltage to connect directly to the distribution grid (i.e., 13.8 kV). The cascaded NPC (CNPC) inverters have the inherent advantage of using lower rated devices, smaller filters and low total harmonic distortion required for PV grid interconnection. The proposed converter system is modular, scalable, and serviceable with zero downtime with lower foot print and lower overall cost. A novel voltage balance control at each module based on power mismatch among N-ports, have been presented and verified in simulation. Analysis and simulation results are presented for the N-port converter. The converter performance has also been verified on a hardware prototype.
A Numerical Study on the Impact of Grouting Material on Borehole Heat Exchangers Performance in Aquifers
Authors: Alberti Luca , Angelotti Adriana , Antelmi Matteo , La Licata Ivana
Published: May 2017

U-pipes for ground source heat pump (GSHP) installations are generally inserted in vertical boreholes back-filled with pumpable grouts. Grout thermal conductivity is a crucial parameter, dominating the borehole thermal resistance and impacting the heat exchanger efficiency. In order to seal the borehole and prevent leakages of the heat carrier fluid, grouting materials are also hydraulically impermeable, so that groundwater flow inside the borehole is inhibited. The influence of groundwater flow on the borehole heat exchangers (BHE) performance has recently been highlighted by several authors. However groundwater impact and grouting materials influence are usually evaluated separately, disregarding any combined effect. Therefore simulation is used to investigate the role of the thermal and hydraulic conductivities of the grout when the BHE operates in an aquifer with a relevant groundwater flow. Here 3 main cases for a single U-pipe in a sandy aquifer are compared. In Case 1 the borehole is back-filled with the surrounding soil formation, while a thermally enhanced grout and a low thermal conductivity grout are considered in Case 2 and Case 3 respectively. Simulations are carried out maintaining the inlet temperature constant in order to reproduce the yearly operation of the GSHP system. For each of the 3 cases three different groundwater flow velocities are considered. The results show that a high thermal conductivity grout further enhances the effects of a significant groundwater flow. The conditions when neglecting the grout material in the numerical model does not lead to relevant errors are also identified.