bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Data Security in Social Media
Platforms through Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Vishwakarma Zeba , Hasan Zohaib , Bhagwan Patel Hari , Patel Ritu
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of social media platforms has significantly increased the volume of personal data
shared online, heightening concerns about data security. This paper explores how machine learning (ML) techniques
can be leveraged to enhance data security in social media platforms. We analyze various ML approaches for detecting
and mitigating security threats, including anomaly detection, user behavior analysis, and automated threat response.
The proposed method demonstrates an accuracy of 97.6%, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.403 and a root mean
square error (RMSE) of 0.203. Our research includes an evaluation of several ML models, their performance in
detecting data breaches, and their potential to improve security measures. The study concludes with a discussion on
future directions and practical implications for implementing ML in social media security.
Evaluation of Crack Resistance in Glass
Reinforced Fibre Concrete under Tensile Loading
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Tiwari Vaibhav , Khare Arun Kumar , Tiwari Preeti , Lodhi Ashish
Published: August 2024

The use of glass reinforced fibre concrete (GFRC) has gained prominence due to its enhanced
mechanical properties and durability compared to traditional concrete. This research paper evaluates the crack
resistance of GFRC under tensile loading. It investigates the impact of varying glass fibre content on crack
development, tensile strength, and overall performance. The study utilizes experimental methods to assess the
effectiveness of glass fibres in mitigating crack formation and compares GFRC with standard concrete mixtures. The
findings suggest that GFRC significantly improves crack resistance, offering a promising solution for applications
requiring enhanced structural integrity
Enhancing the Optical Properties of PMMA
with Metamaterials: Applications and
Performance Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Ashish
Published: August 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a versatile polymer extensively used for its excellent optical clarity,
mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. However, to meet the demands of advanced optical and photonic technologies,
PMMA’s intrinsic properties must be further enhanced. Integrating metamaterials—artificially engineered materials with
unique electromagnetic properties—into PMMA has shown significant promise in overcoming these limitations. This paper
provides a comprehensive review of the specific applications and performance analysis of PMMA enhanced with various
metamaterials. The review covers recent studies, highlighting how these composites perform in optoelectronics, flexible
electronics, medical devices, energy harvesting, and environmental applications. Enhanced PMMA composites demonstrate
improved light absorption, scattering, refractive index modification, and UV resistance, leading to significant performance
improvements. The paper also discusses current research gaps and future directions, emphasizing the need for advanced
fabrication techniques, long-term performance studies, and the development of multifunctional composites. By addressing
these challenges, PMMA-metamaterial composites can be optimized for a wide range of high-performance applications,
driving innovation in various industries.
Lietuvos generalinės konfederacijos diplomatinė misija pas Rusijos carą 1716 m.
Authors: Šapoka Mindaugas
Published: August 2024

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamos istoriografijoje iki šiol menkai žinomos 1716 m. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės generalinės Vilniaus konfederacijos paskirtos pasiuntinybės pas Rusijos carą Petrą I organizavimo ir išsiuntimo aplinkybės ir jos rezultatai. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės pasiuntiniu buvo paskirtas Merkinės seniūnas Antanas Kazimieras Sapiega. Misija parodė, kad Lietuvos visuomenė, esant centrinės valdžios paralyžiui, sugebėjo imtis iniciatyvos ne tik vidaus politikoje, bet ir tarptautiniuose santykiuose. Kita vertus, šios misijos atvejo analizė parodo, kad vienkartinės diplomatinės misijos neleido tinkamai atstovauti šalies interesams, lyginant su nuolatinėmis diplomatinėmis atstovybėmis.
Strength and stiffness anisotropy of 3D-printed coarse root analogues for small-scale physical modelling
Authors: de Sousa R. B. A. , Leung A. K. , Knappett J. A. , Zhang X.
Published: August 2024

Plant root–soil mechanical interaction in the application of soil bioengineering such as tree and slope stability has been investigated by way of centrifuge modelling, utilising root analogues to replicate vegetated soils. Three-dimensional (3D) printing can be used to model complex root architecture, but the nature of the layer-upon-layer printing process may lead to printed parts of differing tensile behaviour depending on orientation and, consequently, unrealistic simulation of root mechanical reinforcement. This study aimed to assess the strength and stiffness anisotropy of straight root analogues built at varying orientations by way of three different 3D printing methods and compare the measured properties with those of real roots. The tensile strength ratios between horizontal- and vertical-printed samples were up to 3·90, 1·27 and 2·57 for fused deposition modelling (FDM), liquid-crystal display and PolyJet methods, respectively. Stiffness anisotropy was also more significant in FDM. The relatively higher anisotropy in FDM-printed samples could overestimate the strength and stiffness of most roots in a hypothetical heart-shaped root system, depending on the diameter distribution. Such a physical model may be improved by using 45° inclined PolyJet-printed rods.
Improving foamed mixture lightweight soil containing red mud properties by using nano-SiO2
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Lyu Zhengfan , Peng Yuansheng , Liang Gaorong , Li Yulin , Fan Shibo
Published: August 2024

Red mud (RM) is an aluminum industrial solid waste with a global inventory exceeding 4 billion tons. To utilize RM efficiently, this study used RM as the primary material, with cement, steel slag powder, and desulfurization gypsum as supplements, to prepare foamed mixture lightweight soil containing RM (FMLSR) for subgrade filling. The effect of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) on the fresh properties, unconfined compression strength, durability, and microscopic properties of FMLSR was investigated. The test results indicated nano-silica significantly reduced the flowability of FMLSR. Therefore, to maintain suitable flowability, the nano-silica content should not exceed 1.5%. When the content ranged from 1.0% to 1.5%, nano-silica effectively enhanced the compression strength of FMLSR, reduced its volumetric water absorption, and improved its resistance to dry–wet cycles. Nano-silica can also reduce the environmental risk of FMLSR by significantly lowering the pH of FMLSR leachate. Microanalysis revealed that nano-silica enhanced the density of the skeletal structure of FMLSR by promoting the formation of ettringite, thereby improving its properties. The addition of nano-silica increased the CO2 emissions of FMLSR, but as nano-silica improves various aspects of FMLSR properties, this increase is acceptable. In conclusion, the suitable content of nano-silica for FMLSR ranged from 1.0% to 1.5%.
Lessons learned from spatiotemporal effect of COVID on the population density in the CBD
Authors: Kwak Juhyeon , Jeong Ilho , Lee Doyun , Ku Donggyun , Lee Seungjae
Published: August 2024

Alonso in 1964 developed the land use and transport interaction theory based on the bid and rent concept. It tells that the central core part of urban areas has the highest housing rental prices, and it gradually decays as it is further away from the centre. The city’s district is divided based on the distribution of land prices according to distance from the city centre. This fundamental relationship provides a basic insight into how people behave rationally subject to their living budgets. Based on this relationship, this paper aims to investigate the temporal and spatial changes in the de facto population of Seoul caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The de facto population has declined significantly since 2020. A major decrease has been found in areas within 2.5 km of travel distance from the city centre. The de facto population decreased the most during the night hours (18:00–24:00) on weekdays and the daytime (10:00–18:00) on weekends. These findings could be postulated to foresee how people might select their housing locations in terms of transport costs in the post–COVID-19 era.
Long-Term Kidney Outcomes in Children with Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: Robinson Cal H. , Rickard Mandy , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Smith Graham , Richter Juliane , Van Mieghem Tim , Dos Santos Joana , Chanchlani Rahul , Lorenzo Armando J.
Published: August 2024

Key Points

Among 727 children with posterior urethral valves, 32% had major adverse kidney events (death, kidney failure, or CKD) over a median of 14.2-year follow-up.

Children with posterior urethral valves were at substantially higher risks of kidney failure, CKD, and hypertension than the general population.

This justifies close kidney health surveillance among children with posterior urethral valves and optimized transitions to adult urologic care.

Background

Posterior urethral valves represent the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male infants (approximately 1/4000 live births). Long-term kidney outcomes of posterior urethral valves remain uncertain. We aimed to determine the time-varying risk of major adverse kidney events (MAKE) following children with posterior urethral valves into adulthood.

Methods

A population-based retrospective cohort study of all male children (<2 years) diagnosed with posterior urethral valves between 1991 and 2021 in Ontario, Canada. Comparator cohorts were (1) male general population and (2) male children with pyeloplasty (both <2 years). The primary outcome was MAKE (death, long-term KRT [dialysis or kidney transplant], or CKD). Time to MAKE was analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. We censored for provincial emigration or administrative censoring (March 31, 2022).

Results

We included 727 children with posterior urethral valves, 855 pyeloplasty comparators, and 1,013,052 general population comparators. The median follow-up time was 16.6 years (Q1–3, 8.6–24.5) overall. Throughout follow-up, 32% of children with posterior urethral valves developed MAKE versus 1% of the general population and 6% of pyeloplasty comparators. Their adjusted hazard ratio for MAKE was 36.6 (95% confidence interval, 31.6 to 42.4) versus the general population. The risk of developing MAKE declined over the first 5 years after posterior urethral valve diagnosis but remained elevated for >30-year follow-up. Children with posterior urethral valves were also at higher risk of death, CKD, long-term KRT, hypertension, and AKI than the general population or pyeloplasty comparators.

Conclusions

Children with posterior urethral valves are at higher risk of adverse long-term kidney outcomes well into adulthood.
The Impact of Regular Exercise on Cardiovascular Health: A Literature Review
Authors: Sari Liliana Puspa , Karo Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , Keliat Pedomanta , Abady Andi Nur , Nugroho Agung , Syaleh Muhammad , Winata Devi Catur , Al Munawar Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to use a literature review methodology to ascertain the effect of regular exercise on cardiovascular health.
Materials and methods. This review inquiry adhered to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Studies had to be published between June 2022 and June 2024. The following search terms were used: (1) regular exercise; (2) cardiovascular health. This study’s data source was the Scopus search engine.
Results. A total of six articles were identified from the 229 search results in the database that were modified to meet the specified requirements According to the results of this systematic review, regular exercise has a positive impact on cardiovascular health, reducing the incidence of morbidity and mortality, improving prognosis, and lowering the risk of heart disease.
Conclusions. The findings indicate that the practice of regular exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. Thus, engaging in regular exercise can significantly enhance physical well-being and improve the cardiovascular condition.
Anaerobic Digestion for Pathogen Reduction in Waste Treatment and Safe Agricultural Use of Digestates
Authors: Habib Oluwasegun Giwa , Halima Nihinlolawa Giwa , Sunday Odey Alepu , Wang Zelong , Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
Published: August 2024

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a widely used process for treating organic wastes and producing renewable energy. This review examines the effectiveness of AD in reducing pathogens in various waste streams and evaluates the safety of using digestates as agricultural fertilizers. The mechanisms of pathogen inactivation during AD are explored, including the roles of temperature, pH, ammonia, and microbial competition. Case studies demonstrate pathogen reduction rates ranging from 1-5 log units for different microorganisms. While AD can significantly reduce pathogen loads, challenges remain in achieving consistent and complete sanitization. Factors affecting digestate safety, such as feedstock composition, operating conditions, and post-treatment, are discussed. The review also addresses methodologies for enhancing pathogen reduction in AD systems.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2018 -2022: current trends, usage of automated external defibrillators (AED) and bystanders’ involvement
Authors: Šljivo Armin , Jevtić Tatjana , Terzić-Salihbašić Selma , Abdulkhaliq Arian , Reiter Leopold , Salihbašić Faris , Bečar-Alijević Ajla , Alijević Adin , Dadić Ilma , Gavrankapetanović Fatima
Published: August 2024

Aim To investigate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) trend, provided advanced life support (ALS) measures, automated external defibrillator (AEDs) utilization and by-standers involvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during OHCA incidents.
Methods This cross-sectional study encompassed data pertaining to all OHCA incidents attended to by the Emergency Medical Service of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2022.
Results Among a total of 1131 OHCA events, 236 (20.8 %) patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); there were 175 (74.1%) males and 61 (25.9%) females. The OHCA incidence was 54/100.000 inhabitants per year. After a 30-day period post-ROSC, 146 (61.9%) patients fully recovered, while 90 (38.1%) did not survive during this timeframe. Younger age (p<0.05), initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) (p<0.05) and faster emergency medical team (EMT) response time (p<0.05) were significantly associated with obtaining ROSC. Only 38 (3.3%) OHCA events were assisted by bystanders, who were mostly medical professionals, 25 (65.7%), followed by close family members, 13 (34.3%). There was no report of AED usage.
Conclusion This follow-up study showed less ROSC achievement, similar bystanders’ involvement, similar factors associated with achieving ROSC (age, EMT response time) and a decline in OHCA events (especially in year 2021 and 2022) comparing to our previous study (2015-2019). There was an extremely low rate of bystander engagement and no AEDs usage. Governments and health organizations must swiftly improve public awareness, promote better practice (basic life support), and actively encourage bystander participation.
The correlation between nutritional status and diet quality with acute respiratory infections in preschool children aged 5 to 7 years
Authors: Melunović Melika , Krdžalić-Zečević Belma , Lisičić-Konaković Mirela , Kulašević Amela , Kurtalić Lejla
Published: August 2024

Aim To investigate the relationship between nutritional status (NS) and diet quality (DQ) with the frequency of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children aged 5 to 7 years.
Methods Data were obtained through questionnaires. Anthropometric measurement, correlations between body mass index (BMI) and DQ with frequency of ARIs were analysed.
Results A total of 129 children with an average age of 72.2±4.2 months were examined. Mal-nourished children had a 3.4 times higher probability of ARIs (OR=3.449; p=0.025, 95% CI=0.109-29.049) and a 5.6 times higher probability of bronchopneumonia compared to those with normal weight (OR=5.643; p=0.049, 95% CI=0.874-36.434). There was a significant positive association between the consumption of meat and meat products with bronchitis (p=0.030; OR 9.921; 95% CI -1.252, +78.610) and a significant negative relationship between the consumption of cooked meals and ARIs in total (p=0.015; OR 0.046; 95% CI -0.004, +0.552). Unexpectedly, a significant positive association was found between the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and some respiratory infections, which needs to be verified with additional analyses.
Conclusion DQ and NS are associated with the frequency of ARIs in preschool children. Additional analyses are needed with a larger number of participants in order to form more precise conclusions.
Los dictámenes de los comités de expertos de Naciones Unidas y la responsabilidad del Estado
Authors: Sánchez Lamelas Ana
Published: August 2024

La jurisprudencia española está empezando a reconocer la responsabilidad del Estado derivada de los pronunciamientos emitidos por los comités de expertos de Naciones Unidas cuando estos consideran que España ha vulnerado algún derecho reconocido en los tratados de derechos humanos. Se trata de un hecho insólito, desconocido en el panorama internacional, que puede tener importantes repercusiones económicas y jurídicas. El presente trabajo analiza un aspecto concreto que constituye la base sobre la que se sustentan los recientes pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales: el pretendido carácter vinculante/obligatorio de los pronunciamientos de estos comités. En las páginas finales del estudio se esbozan las dificultades que plantea articular la correspondiente indemnización a través de la institución de la responsabilidad patrimonial.
Hybrid polycaprolactone/hydrogel scaffold fabrication and in-process plasma treatment using PABS
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Mishbak Hussein , Bartolo Paulo
Published: August 2024

A challenge for tissue engineering is to produce synthetic scaffolds of adequate chemical, physical, and biological cues effectively. Due to the hydrophobicity of the commonly used synthetic polymers, the printed scaffolds are limited in cell-seeding and proliferation efficiency. Furthermore, non-uniform cell distribution along the scaffolds with rare cell attachment in the core region is a common problem. There are no available commercial systems able to produce multi-type material and gradient scaffolds which could mimic the nature tissues. This paper describes a plasma-assisted bio-extrusion system (PABS) to overcome the above limitations and capable of producing functional-gradient scaffolds; it comprises pressure-assisted and screw-assisted extruders and plasma jets. A hybrid scaffold consisting of synthetic biopolymer and natural hybrid hydrogel alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) methacrylate anhydride, and full-layer N2  plasma modification scaffolds were produced using PABS. Water contact angle and in vitro biological tests confirm that the plasma modification alters the hydrophilicity properties of synthetic polymers and promotes proliferation of cells, leading to homogeneous cell colonization. The results confirm the printing capability for soft hard material integration of PABS and suggest that it is promising for producing functional gradient scaffolds of biomaterials.
Examination of gestational diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gunjan  , Khare Indu , Kumar Ashutosh , Sinha Anjana
Published: August 2024

Background: Globally, 14% of pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This can induce type 2 diabetes and metabolic problems in mothers and children. Dietary and lifestyle adjustments are the basic GDM treatments, but optimal euglycemia treatments are being researched. The study examined GDM prevalence and implications in pregnant women and compared mother and foetal outcomes in GDM patients and controls.
Methods: The study involved 200 pregnant females, with 100 diagnosed with GDM and 100 as controls. Data were gathered through glucose challenge tests (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) at specified intervals. Mother and fetal outcomes were compared between the groups with a p value of <0.05 regard as significant.
Results: Women with GDM had a significantly higher body mass index (27.8±3.1 kg/m²) compared to the control group (25.4±2.9 kg/m², p<0.001). They also had a higher incidence of cesarean sections (35% versus 20%, p=0.03) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (18% versus 8%, p=0.04). Infants of GDM mothers had higher birth weights (3500±500 g versus 3200±450 g, p<0.001) and higher rates of macrosomia (22% versus 8%, p=0.01), neonatal hypoglycemia (15% versus 5%, p=0.01), and respiratory distress (12% versus 4%, p=0.02).
Conclusions: GDM increases the risk of PROM, caesarean birth, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and macrosomia for the infant and harms the mother and foetus. These findings emphasise early detection and effective GDM therapy.
Study of lipid profile and nitric oxide in chronic smokers
Authors: Jagtap Vanita Ramesh , Landage Madhumati Jagdish
Published: August 2024

Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infections, chronic airway disease, and cardiovascular diseases, all of which may be modulated by endogenous nitric oxide. We have investigated whether cigarette smoking reduces the production of endogenous NO. Oxidative stress also alters the lipid profile in chronic smokers. With this view, we planned to assess vasodilators by determining the level of nitric oxide and lipid profile in chronic smokers.

This study aims to: 1) determine the level of nitric oxide in chronic smokers. 2) estimate the level of lipid profile such as total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides.

Chronic smoker patients and healthy controls from Government Medical College and Hospital, Miraj, and P. V. P. G. Hospital, Sangli, were included in this study. A total of 70 clinically diagnosed chronic smokers and 70 healthy controls, all in the age group of 40 to 70 years, participated.

: Serum nitric oxide level was found to be significantly decreased ( <0.001) in chronic smokers as compared to the control group. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were significantly increased ( <0.001) in chronic smokers as compared to the control group, and serum HDL-cholesterol level was found to be significantly decreased (0.001) in chronic smokers as compared to the control.

Cigarette smoking decreased exhaled nitric oxide, suggesting that it may inhibit the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Since endogenous nitric oxide is important in defending the respiratory tract against infection, counteracting bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction, and inhibiting platelet aggregation, this effect may contribute to the increased risks of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in cigarette smokers.
Stress-Strain Analysis of the Fretting and Non-Fretting Steel Wire: An Experimental and Simulation Study
Authors: Ansari Abdul Razzaque , Sinha Amar Nath , Das Anupam
Published: August 2024

Fretting wear is one of the main degradation mechanisms produced in steel wire and it is widely used for the lifting and handling of equipments. The main objective of the present work is to analyse the mechanical properties of the fretting and non-fretting wire. Statics tensile tests were performed on non-fretting wire and pre-damaged artificially fretting wire subsequently, after that tensile stress (σT), tensile strain (εT), and breaking load (BL) were measured for both wires and their basic mechanical properties were compared. For the analysis wire diameter values varies from 7 mm to 9 mm and artificially pre-damaged wire having reduced diameters varies from 5.8 mm to 8.1 mm were used. From these tests the basic mechanical properties values of maximum tensile stress, tensile strain, modulus of elasticity (E), breaking load (BL) 1610 N/mm2, 12.08%, 78854.3 Mpa and 56.73 KN respectively were obtained, for pre-damaged artificially fretting wire. On the other hand, for the non-fretting wire, the values of maximum tensile stress, tensile strain, modulus of elasticity, and breaking load have been obtained as 1171.5 MPa,16.40 %,63289.4 MPa and 58.7 KN respectively.
Rise, Rise and Rise for the Solar Industries: What Legacy SAMC and MOGI Companies can Learn from it (Part-2)
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayanta
Published: August 2024

In the 1st part of the article, we learned about the progress of solar explosives from a medium quality explosive manufacturer to a major defense armaments manufacturer in India. We discussed: consolidation of the business with high value customer accrual, diversification of the business - from mass mine explosives to blasting accessories to ammunition, alignment with multiple foreign partners, sourcing cheap investments from various countries, understanding Indian defense imports were rising leading to currency issues and finally the early mover advantage in to the defense sector. The learning of the SAM and MOGI companies is that they have to seize with new opportunities and persist with them as vigorously as possible. In this conclusive part we discuss what Solar did differently: their achievements, the timing, the alignment, keeping the operations keyed to share market moves, the organizational moves and total productive maintenance to produce quality products.
MECHANICAL DEGRADATION PREDICTION OF MORTAR SPECIMENS UNDER FREEZE–THAW CYCLES CONSIDERING TIME-DEPENDENT FATIGUE DAMAGE
Authors:   The University of Tokyo, Japan, Ji Xi , Takahashi Yuya ,   The University of Tokyo, Japan
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to predict the mechanical degradation of mortar specimens subjected to freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) at various stages of deterioration. Results of initial trial simulation show that the existing FTC model fails to replicate the compressive strength reduction in mortar specimens under severe FTC deterioration when solely accounting for damage caused by FTC-induced expansion. Moreover, the time-dependent fatigue damage is assumed to contribute significantly to the mechanical degradation of FTC-affected specimens, except for the case of expansion. The previous FTC model is modified by incorporating fatigue damage resulting from cyclic ice pressure. The findings, as demonstrated through simulations conducted using the modified model, validate the capacity of the modified model to accurately replicate the compressive strength of specimens at distinct stages of deterioration within each experimental group. Additionally, the enhanced FTC model suggests potential applications in assessing the long-term deterioration of concrete structures subjected to FTCs.
SHEAR CAPACITY OF PC BEAMS DAMAGED BY ASR
Authors:   Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan, Mikata Yasuhiro , Tanaka Hiroyuki ,   Kyowa sekkei, Japan
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on Designing Structures for Sustainability. Prestressed Concrete (PC) beams damaged by ASR and that have steel bar fractures are tested to evaluate their shear capacity. The test specimens were PC beams with rectangular cross-sections of 200×500 mm and a total length of 3400 mm. The results show that if the development length of shear reinforcement is 20φ or more, there is no deterioration in the performance of shear reinforcement with fractured anchorage. The evaluation method for the shear capacity of PC beams damaged by the ASR is proposed. In addition, X-ray computed tomography analysis is applied to core sampling from beam specimens to estimate ASR crack inside the concrete. X-ray computed tomography analysis showed that ASR cracks progressed more in the cover concrete near the surface than in the core concrete restrained by reinforcing bars.
REPAIR OF HIGH TEMPERATURE DAMAGED CONCRETE THROUGH TEXTILE REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Authors:   CY Cergy Paris Université, Paris, Toska Klajdi , Beaucour Anne-Lise ,   CY Cergy Paris Université, Paris, Faleschini Flora ,   University of Padova, Italy, Pellegrino Carlo ,   University of Padova, Italy, Noumowe Albert ,   CY Cergy Paris Université, Paris
Published: August 2024

The paper investigated the residual properties of concrete exposed to high temperature (HT) and the possibility to restore the axial strength of HT damaged concrete elements through confining jackets with textile reinforced composites. Specimens were exposed to four temperature levels, being ambient (i.e 20 °C), 300, 450, and 600 °C, using a heating rate of 1°C/min. Afterward confining jackets were applied using carbon textile and cementitious matrix. The results of the experimental campaign show that thermal stress significantly influences the compressive strength of concrete specimens while confinement through textile reinforced composites proved to be a valid technique to fully or partially restore the compressive strength of concrete columns damaged by heating.
EFFECT OF CURING TIME AND TYPE ON STRENGTH OF NON-PROPRIETARY BLENDED ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
Authors:   University of Nevada, USA, Ghafoori Nader , Gbadamosi Aderemi ,   University of Nevada, USA, Hasnat Ariful ,   University of Nevada, USA
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the effect of curing age and type on compressive strength of blended non-proprietary ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Eleven plain UHPCs were batched using a constant water to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.21 and an aggregate-to-cementitious materials ratio of 1.20. Four binary, four ternary, and two quaternary blend cementitious materials combinations using Class F fly ash, slag, natural pozzolan, and silica fume, as a partial replacement of Portland cement, were compared with the UHPC made using 100% Portland cement. The findings revealed that, when the UHPCs were moist cured, the ternary blend containing 15% fly ash and 5% silica fume, as a partial substitute of Portland cement, displayed the highest compressive strength at all testing ages. Under moist curing conditions, quaternary blended UHPC containing 20% fly ash, 20% natural pozzolan, and 10% silica fume showed the highest increase in strength once curing age was extended from 90 to 365 days. Most of the UHPCs specimen cured for 7 days in 90°C environment showed superior to similar strength to that of the companion 28-day moist-cured UHPCs.
Diet as a challenge and a strategy: on the phenomenon of diet rationalisation in everyday life
Authors: Maj Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

This article describes the diet catering service (delivering ready-made meals to customers’ homes or work in a selected period) as an example of rationalization and professionalization of diet. The article is based on the results of interviews conducted with 15 users of dietetic catering from Poland, conducted between 2021 and 2023. The aim of the interviews was to try to answer the question of what benefits the respondents derived from using dietetic catering in their everyday life. As the results of the analysis show, respondents try to live a healthy lifestyle, which they do not always succeed in doing. Outsourcing the preparation of meals to the specialized companies allows them to save time and receive well-balanced meals, at selected times of the day adapted to their rhythm of work. There is a compromise between meeting healthy eating norms and social norms relating to food consumption, both in terms of mealtimes, the number of meals per day as well as what is meant by a ‘proper lunch’.
Relaciones asimétricas del grupo social acllacuna, una visión desde la arquitectura
Authors: Risco Patiño Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Esta investigación aplica teorías de dependencia asimétrica para discutir el contexto sociopolítico del grupo social acllacuna, centrándose en explicar qué tipo de asimetría social se ejercía sobre ellas. Para ello, reexamino las evidencias arquitectónicas de los acllahuasis, particularmente los de Pachacamac y Cuzco, e incorporo el análisis espacial y la información etnohistórica. El resultado de esta investigación muestra que algunas prácticas culturales, como el control social y la jerarquización, junto con el despliegue del gobierno inca, favorecieron el desarrollo de relaciones asimétricas de dependencia, como la sujeción y la coerción. Estas relaciones impactaron en la performance de las acllacuna y en su interacción dentro de las esferas políticas y económicas.
Assessment of the Incidence of Pigeon Pea Leaf Webber, Grapholita critica (Meyr.) and Roller, Caloptilia soyella (Van.) in Relation to Weather Variables in the Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pandey Ajit , Singh S.K. , Singh A.K. , Pandey Rakesh , Routray Snehasish , Mishra Mukesh Kumar , Mishra Shailendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, Mayer) is the member of Asian Cajanus crop and also reffered as Tur and Arhar and commonly grown in Kharif session in Indian subcontinent.). In India, around 250 known species of insect pests have been identified to affect pigeon pea crops at different growth stages. The leaf webber and leaf roller are notable insect pests that pose a significant threat to pigeonpea, particularly during its vegetative stage. The leaf webber and leaf roller, among various insect pests, are notably visible and pose a threat to pigeonpea. These insects target the pigeonpea plant during its vegetative stage. Specifically, the leaf webber, identified as Grapholita (Pammene) critica, Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has been acknowledged as a significant constraint affecting pigeonpea production. The aim of this investigation is to assess the relationship between the incidence of leaf roller and leaf webber and various abiotic factors, including temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall. Methods: The research, spanning Kharif 2021-22 and 2022-23, at Entomological Research Block in BUAT, Banda. It aimed to observe leaf roller and leaf webber incidence in pigeon pea alongside weather conditions. ‘IPA-203’ pigeon pea variety was manually sown in 200 m2 plots on July 12, 2021 (first year) and July 18, 2022 (second year). Standard agronomic practices were adhered to and no insecticides were used on the crop. Result: Over the two-year observation period, the larval population of G. critica on pigeon pea plants commenced during the 34th SMW, peaking at 4.90 larvae plant-1 in the 45th SMW. Simultaneously, C. soyella infestation initiated in the 34th SMW, steadily increasing until the 42nd SMW, reaching its peak larval count at 3.03.
OPTIMIS DAN SABAR DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS: Kajian Tafsir Tematik
Authors: Rismawati Annisa
Published: August 2024

Optimism and patience are two attitudes that are mutually sustainable. Which optimism becomes a confident attitude in business, while patience is an attitude that is bor after a sense of optimism. Al-Qur’an and Hadits have several times touched on the issue of optimism and patience. That can indicates, that an optimistic and patient attitude is an important attitude in human life. The application of an optimistic and patient attitude will bring the owner to happiness in this world and the hereafter. This study was made with aim of digging up information about the optimistic and patient attitude contained in the al-Qur’an and Hadits. Then through qualitative research with a literature review approach, verses in the al-Qur’an with the same problem topic are collected, then complemented by Hadits that have relevant similarities using the thematic interpretation method. Through this research, we can find out the optimistic and patient attitude that is written in al-Qur’an and Hadits. By knowing this, it will make it easier for someone to ben optimistic and patient in life.
Abstrak
Optimis dan sabar merupakan dua sikap yang saling berkesinambungan. Dimana optimis menjadi sikap yakin dalam usaha, sedangkan sabar adalah sikap yang lahir setelah adanya rasa optimis. Al-Qur’an maupun Hadits telah beberapa kali menyinggung mengenai masalah optimis dan sabar. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa sikap optimis dan sabar menjadi suatu sikap yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Penerapan sikap optimis dan sabar akan membawa pemiliknya pada kebahagiaan di dunia maupun di akhirat. Penelitian ini dibuat bertujuan untuk menggali informasi mengenai sikap optimis dan sabar yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an maupun Hadits. Kemudian melalui penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka, ayat-ayat dalam al-Qur’an dengan topik permasalah sama dihimpun, kemudian dilengkapi dengan Hadits yang memiliki persamaan yang relevan dengan menggunakan metode tafsir tematik. Melalui penelitian ini, kita dapat mengetahui sikap optimis dan sabar yang tertulis dalam al-Qur’an maupun Hadits. Dengan mengetahui hal tersebut, maka akan memudahkan seseorang dalam melakukan optimis dan sabar dalam kehidupannya.
ETIKA GURU DAN MURID DALAM PERSPEKTIF TAREKAT SYADZILIYAH
Authors: Syahriza Fatwa Azmi
Published: August 2024

Educators and students are important components in an education. Among the interesting discussions and often a problem of contemporary education in the relationship between the two is ethics. Ethics are norms related to what a teacher should do to students and what is forbidden to do, and vice versa. Specifically within the tarekat, ethics has more attention because the interaction between the murshid and the student is not only physical but also involves the minds of both. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method and uses a literature study as data purification. The results of this study indicate that within the Syadziliyah order, the murshid must be able to maintain authority in front of his students, the murshid must know how his students are doing, and the murshid must be able to adjust the conditions/ability of his students in giving practice. Students must always remember their murshid wherever they are, students must limit the orders of their murshid properly, students may not move the murshid if there is a potential for danger.
 
Abstrak
Pendidik dan peserta didik merupakan komponen penting dalam sebuah pendidikan. Di antara pembahasan yang menarik dan sering menjadi problema pendidikan masa kini dalam hubungan antara keduanya adalah etika. Etika merupakan norma-norma yang terkait dengan apa saja yang harus dilakukan seorang guru terhadap murid serta apa yang dilarang untuk dilakukan, begitu juga sebaliknya. Etika dibutuhkan dalam segala institusi pendidikan. Khusus di dalam lingkup tarekat, etika memiliki perhatian yang lebih sebab interaksi antara mursyid dan murid bukan hanya sekadar secara fisik namun juga melibatkan batin keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dan menggunakan studi kepustakaan sebagai penggalian data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam tarekat Syadziliyah seorang mursyid harus mampu menjaga wibawa di hadapan muridnya, mursyid harus mengetahui kabar keseharian muridnya, juga mursyid harus bisa menyesuaikan kondisi/kemampuan muridnya dalam memberikan amalan. Pada sisi murid, murid harus selalu mengingat mursyidnya dimana pun berada, murid harus menaati perintah mursyidnya dalam kebaikan, juga murid tidak boleh berpindah-pindah mursyid jika berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya.
Promising Evidence of Coordination Across the Humanitarian–Development Nexus
Authors: Sabates-Wheeler Rachel , Vasilov Camelia , Hoppenbrouwers Mats , Lind Jeremy
Published: August 2024

Little is known about how conflict interacts with social assistance to affect poverty and livelihoods outcomes. Even less is understood about how conflicts disrupt government and donor-provided social assistance, and whether humanitarian emergency assistance can fill provision gaps in situations of acute crisis. Drawing on our work on the conflict which began in Tigray, Ethiopia in late 2020, and spread to neighbouring regions in 2021, this research briefing summarises new evidence that shows how social assistance and humanitarian aid can work together to protect households from the impact of conflict. This demonstrates a promising picture of what coordination across historically fragmented sectors can achieve.
The efficacy of three-dimensional printing for plastic surgery education: a narrative review
Authors: Cevik Jevan , Shadid Omar , Hornby Alice , Pang Siyuan , Salehi Omar , Seth Ishith , Rozen Warren M.
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models offer potential advantages over traditional teaching methods by providing realistic, tactile learning aids. The overall efficacy of 3D printing in plastic surgery education has not been previously systematically analysed. A review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to October 2023 identified studies using 3D printed models in plastic surgery education. Inclusion criteria were set to select before-after studies or studies comparing 3D printed models to traditional teaching methods. Outcome measures included Likert scales, Multiple choice quest tests or other scoring systems. 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. Learners demonstrated enhanced anatomical understanding and procedural knowledge after engaging with 3D models. The comparative studies included in the review further highlight the superiority of 3D models over traditional learning tools, with average increases in test scores and procedural confidence, quantified through Likert scales and multiple-choice questionnaires. Ultimately, the findings of this review suggest that 3D printing enhances learning, making educational experiences more interactive and effective than traditional methods. While costs, accessibility, and a lack of technical expertise may pose challenges, integrating 3D models into training could enhance plastic surgical education. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and standardise outcomes for broader applications.
Analysis of Beyfortus® (Nirsevimab) Immunization Campaign: Effectiveness, Biases, and ADE Risks in RSV Prevention
Authors: Banoun Helene
Published: August 2024

Respiratory infections with RSV account for an important part of hospital admissions for acute respiratory infections. Nirsevimab has been developed to reduce the hospital burden RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infections: Compared with the product previously used, it has a stronger binding capacity to RSV F protein and a high affinity for FcRn (neonatal receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG), which extends its lifespan. Nirsevimab has been shown to be highly effective in reducing hospitalization rates for RSV infections but a large or unknown number of treated subjects have been excluded in clinical and post-marketing studies. However, analysis of these studies cannot exclude that in rare cases, nirsevimab facilitates and worsens RSV infection (or other respiratory infections). This could be attributable to ADE (antibody-dependent-enhancement) which has been observed with RSV F-protein antibodies in inactivated vaccine trials. This risk has been incompletely assessed in preclinical and clinical trials (incomplete exploration of nirsevimab effector functions and pharmacokinetics). ADE by disruption of the immune system (not studied and due to FcRn binding) could explain there is no reduction in all-cause hospital admissions in treated age groups. Given the high price of nirsevimab, the cost-effectiveness of mass immunization campaigns may therefore be debated from an economic as well as a scientific point of view.
3D-Printed Phenylboronic Acid-Bearing Hydrogels for Glucose-Triggered Drug Release
Authors: Odent Jeremy , Baleine Nicolas , Torcasio Serena Maria , Gautier Sarah , Coulembier Olivier , Raquez Jean-Marie
Published: August 2024

Diabetes is a major health concern that the next-generation of on-demand insulin releasing implants may overcome for personalized therapy. Therein, 3D-printed phenylboronic acid-containing subcutaneous implants with on-demand glucose-triggered drug release abilities are produced using high resolution stereolithography technology. To that end, the methacrylation of phenylboronic acid is targeted following a two-step reaction. The resulting photocurable phenylboronic acid derivative is accordingly incorporated within bioinert polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate-based hydrogels at varying loadings. The end result are sub-centimeter scaled 3D-printed bionert implants that can be remotely activated with 1,2-diols and 1,3-diols such as glucose for on-demand drug administration such as insulin. As a proof of concept, varying glucose concentration from hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia levels readily allow the release of pinacol, i.e. a model molecule with similar release properties than insulin, at respectively low and high rates. In addition, the results demonstrated that adjusting the geometry and size of the 3D-printed part is a simple and suitable method for tailoring the release behavior and dosage.
AWDP-FL: An Adaptive Differential Privacy Federated Learning Framework
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Zheng Hong , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Data security and user privacy concerns are increasingly gaining attention. Federated learning models based on differential privacy offer a distributed machine learning framework that protects data privacy; however, the added noise can impact the model's utility, making performance evaluation crucial. To optimize the balance between privacy protection and model performance, we propose the Adaptive Weight-Based Differential Privacy Federated Learning (AWDP-FL) framework. This framework processes model parameters from the perspectives of neural network layers and model weights. Initially, each participant trains the model locally. During iterative training, the clipping threshold is determined by selecting an adaptive weight coefficient, followed by adaptive gradient clipping to control the gradient magnitude. Subsequently, adaptive gradient updates are applied to the model, and dynamic Gaussian noise is introduced when uploading the parameters to protect participant privacy. The server aggregates these noise-perturbed parameters to update the global model. This framework ensures strong privacy protection while maintaining model accuracy. Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this framework under stringent privacy constraints.
Bioactive Factors Isolated and Purified from Bovine Colostrum Can Restore Extracellular Matrix under Degradation by Metalloproteinases
Authors: Coppa Federica , Giuffrida Graziella , Iannello Giulia , Pennisi Stefania , Ferruggia Greta , Brundo Maria Violetta
Published: August 2024

The ECM is composed of a considerable number of biochemically and structurally diverse con-stituents. ECM is a highly dynamic system that constantly receives and sends biological, chemical and mechanical signals. Several studies suggest that mechanical signals derived from the extra-cellular microenvironment regulate skin regeneration and wound healing. We evaluated effects of a mixture of biomolecules extracted and purified from bovine colostrum on restoring the me-chanical properties of ECM. Test measuring collagen contraction showed a significant difference in contraction activation in samples treated with the 2% colostrum derivative mixture compared to the control. The analysis of the supernatant showed an inhibition of metalloproteinase-2 ex-pression and an increase in collagen secretion by fibroblasts in treatment samples. Our hypothesis is that the molecules extracted and purified from bovine colostrum restore the ECM environment qualitative and quantitative characteristics, thus guaranteeing through a mechanical action the restoration of the wound due to the transduction of the signal activated by the integrins.