bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress in Canine Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Blanca Perez-Montero , María Luisa Fermín-Rodriguez , Guadalupe Miró , Fátima Cruz-Lopez
Published: October 2024

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as a disruption in redox balance favoring oxidants, has emerged as a major contributor to numerous diseases in human and veterinary medicine. While several reviews have explored the implication of OS in human pathology, an exhaustive review for the canine species is lacking. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the existing literature on the role of OS in canine diseases, highlighting its potentially detrimental effect on various organs and systems. Some inconsistencies among studies exist, likely due to varying biomarkers and sample types. However, there is substantial evidence supporting the involvement of OS in the development or progression of numerous canine disorders, such as cardiovascular, oncologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematologic, renal, neurologic, infectious and parasitic diseases, among others. Additionally, this review discusses the efficacy of antioxidant and pro-oxidant therapeutic agents for these conditions. Dietary interventions to counteract OS in dogs have gained significant attention in recent years, although further research on the topic is needed. This review aims to serve a foundational resource for future investigations in this promising field.
One Way Equations in the Classical Mechanics. Conservation Laws
Authors: Djrdjev Bojidar
Published: October 2024

The paper provides analysis that the generation of the gyroscopic torque described by the vector multiplication is one-way inertial phenomenon. Respectively, vector multiplication is one-way equation from the type: If B times C is equal A, A is not equal B times C. Presumably, it affects the Conservation Laws.
The Thermal Stability of Influenza Viruses in Milk
Authors: Hu Wanke , Wang Zhao , Chen Yunxia , Wu Siyu , Li Tianyu , Zhai Shao-lun , Ju Xianghong , Sun Yipeng , Wei Wen-kang , Yu Jieshi
Published: October 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the H5N1 subtype (clade 2.3.4.4b) have been detected in raw milk from infected cows. Several studies have examined the time and temperature parameters to ascertain whether influenza viruses in milk can be completely inac-tivated under commercial pasteurization conditions, yielding conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate whether milk could help protect influenza viruses from heat treatment. After heat treatment at 49°C for one hour, the titer reduction of the influenza A/WSN/1933 (A/H1) virus in milk was approximately 1.6 log10TCID50/mL greater than that observed in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) control media. The influenza D/bovine/CHN/JY3002/2022 (D/Yama2019) virus in milk retained a high residual infectivity (4.68x103 log10TCID50/mL) after treatment at 53°C; however, the virus in DMEM completely lost its infectivity under the same conditions. Moreover, the influenza A/chicken/CHN/Cangzhou03/2023 (A/H5) virus in DMEM could be completely inactivated using any of the three pasteurization methods: 63°C for 30 minutes, 72°C for 15 sec-onds, or 80°C for 15 seconds. For the virus present in milk, only pasteurization at 80°C for 15 seconds completely inactivated it. These results suggest that milk prevents influenza viruses from heat inactivation. Pasteurization at 80°C for 15 seconds is more effective than pasteurization at 72°C for 15 seconds or at 63°C for 30 minutes in completely eliminating the virus in milk.
Use of an Intelligent Natural Language System to Identify Cilia-Promoting Drugs that Suppress Cancer Cell Replication
Authors: Fu Sean Heng , Limerick Ana , Park Chelsea , Shah Niyathi , Zhang Ying , Abounader Roger , Fu Zheng
Published: October 2024

The primary cilium, the cell’s sensory and signaling antenna, is a dynamic cellular organelle during the cell cycle. It is resorbed before cells enter mitosis and reformed after cells exit mitosis, and as such acts as a structural barrier to mitosis. Cancer cells that undergo rapid cell cycle and replication have a low ciliation rate. Therefore, promoting cilia formation and elongation and thereby reducing their rates of retraction hold the key to blocking cell entry into mitosis and slowing down cancer cell replication. To perform a comprehensive and efficient literature search on drugs that can promote ciliogenesis, we developed an intelligent process that integrates the GPT-3.5 application programming interface (API) into a PubMed scraper that we coded, enabling the large language model (LLM) to directly query articles for predefined user questions. Among the top candidates identified are two FDA-approved drugs, Alvocidib and Alisertib, that showed strong potential to induce cilia formation and elongation. We first confirmed that these drugs can effectively increase the ciliation rate and the cilia length of DAOY medulloblastoma cells. We then applied Alvocidib and Alisertib individually or in combination to DAOY medulloblastoma and A549 lung cancer cells and observed a statistically significant decrease in the number of viable cells. These results demonstrated the potential of using cilia-promoting drugs to suppress cancer cell replication. Additionally, it shows the massive benefits of integrating accessible large language models to conduct sweeping, rapid, and accurate literature searches.
The Architecture of Aging: Decoding Evolution's Calculations
Authors: Kern Carina , Stebbing Justin
Published: October 2024

We lack a unified theory of aging that spans multiple scientific disciplines, including life history theory, evolution, cellular and molecular biology, and medicine. This gap has hindered both our ability to effectively target and treat age-related diseases in humans and our understanding of the vast variation in aging rates across species. This paper builds on the Blueprint Theory of Aging, which suggests that biological pathways can be ‘dis’-activated outside their intended context, leading to pathological pathways (patho-pathways) that drive cellular and tissue ‘dys’-function and age-related ‘dis’-eases, ultimately limiting both healthspan and lifespan. We propose that evolution operates through complex trade-offs within interconnected networks (network constraints), optimizing beneficial functions while minimizing the costs of misactivated patho-pathways. These optimizations are shaped by a species' environment and are driven by a central evolutionary dilemma: prioritize immediate reproduction or reduce current fecundity in favour of future reproductive success. Evolution adjusts network constraints along a continuum, balancing early-life reproduction with lifetime reproductive output. When environmental pressures result in lower juvenile survival than adult survival, the optimal strategy shifts toward maximizing total progeny over a lifetime. This strategy, in turn, determines the final trade-offs selected, the structure of network constraints, and ultimately, the rate of aging for that species. Understanding these evolutionary calculations not only explains species-specific aging patterns but also sheds light on the wide variability in aging rates across nature. Finally, we reveal hidden evolutionary connections between mechanisms such as Antagonistic Pleiotropy and Mutational Accumulation, deepening our insight into the evolutionary dynamics underlying aging.
Integration of New Technologies in Healthcare: Robotic Surgery and Artificial Intelligence in Cytology. Literature Review
Authors: Vega-Castro Adrian , Castro-Peraza Maria-Elisa , Llabres-Sole M Rosa , Sosa-Alvarez M Inmaculada , Lorenzo-Rocha Nieves
Published: October 2024

Healthcare is undergoing a technological transformation, particularly in robotic surgery and arti-ficial intelligence (AI) applied to cytology. These innovations are improving the precision and effi-ciency of both surgical procedures and laboratory diagnostics. Robotic systems, such as the Da Vinci, enable surgeons to perform complex procedures with enhanced control and precision, leading to minimally invasive surgeries with reduced recovery times. This technology has signifi-cantly impacted urological, cardiac, and gastrointestinal surgeries, and its use is expected to grow.
In cytology, AI automates the analysis of cell samples, leading to faster and more accurate diag-noses, especially in detecting diseases like cervical cancer. AI reduces errors and enhances diag-nostic accuracy by identifying complex patterns in cellular images. Predictive analytics, driven by big data, also allows for personalized treatments based on patient-specific data.
However, these technologies face challenges, including high costs, ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and resistance from healthcare professionals. Continuous training is essential for medical personnel to effectively adopt these tools. Furthermore, the rise of telemedicine and telesurgery, supported by advancements in 5G, offers new opportunities for remote care but also introduces risks, such as depersonalization of medical care and technological barriers.
Ultimately, while robotic surgery and AI hold great promise for improving clinical outcomes, their successful integration will depend on addressing these challenges and ensuring that healthcare professionals are adequately prepared for the digital future.
A Risk Management Framework for IoT Devices and Networks
Authors: Rizvi Syed , Govere Ephraim
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT), as a technology, transforms every day, consumer devices into devices capable of collecting and transmitting data. This momentous progress highlights the need for reliable risk management frameworks that address the potential risks associated with IoT devices across all aspects of life. Traditionally, the feasibility of IoT was limited by the high costs of sensors and their connectivity. Although, recent advancements have greatly reduced costs, enabling widespread connectivity of devices to the Internet. Consequently, numerous IoT devices and networks are left vulnerable without a comprehensive framework for managing these risks effectively. This paper introduces a more systematic framework designed to counter security risks and safeguard IoT devices. This framework takes a step-by-step approach for focusing on mitigating risks arising from inadequate security designs for IoT devices. It involves procedures for risk identification, evaluation, and prioritization which is followed by comprehensive risk analysis and control measures, and because risk evaluation is tedious, we suggest using machine learning (ML) to accelerate the risk evaluation process, boost the precision and consistency of risk assessments, and provide valuable insight, which ultimately enables risk analysts to make better informed and timely decisions. Through multiple case studies, we demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of the framework for evaluating IoT device risks and guiding the implementation of appropriate controls to safeguard devices and networks. We also develop security dashboards that provide visual summaries comparing device values, threat assessments, and risk mitigation costs, aiding in clear communication and prioritization of security measures.
Use of REBOA in a Zone Trauma Center Emergency Department for the Management of Massive Hemorrhage Secondary to Major Trauma, with Subsequent Transfer to a Level 1 Trauma Center for Surgery after Hemodynamic Stabilization
Authors: Cappellini Iacopo , Baldini Alessio , Baraghini Maddalena , Bartolucci Maurizio , Cantafio Stefano , Crocco Antonio , Zini Matteo , Magazzini Simone , Menici Francesco , Pavoni Vittorio , Lai Franco
Published: October 2024

Background: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is an emerging technique in trauma care for managing severe hemorrhage when conventional resuscitation is inadequate. Methods: We report a case involving a 45 yo female patient who sustained multiple traumatic injuries—including thoracic, pelvic, and aortic damage—after a fall from approximately 5 meters. The timely insertion of a REBOA device provided critical hemodynamic support, allowing for temporary stabilization in the emergency department according to the principles of Damage Control Resuscitation. Results: This intervention facilitated her subsequent transfer to a Level 1 Trauma Center for definitive surgical intervention.Although the patient's prognosis remained poor due to the severity of her injuries, the use of REBOA illustrated its potential utility in improving hemodynamic stability in critically injured patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that REBOA can be a valuable adjunct in trauma management, offering a life-saving option in critical hemorrhagic cases where traditional methods are insufficient. Further research is warranted to refine REBOA application, particularly concerning optimal balloon positioning and integration with imaging techniques.
Customized Weighted Ensemble Based on Modified Transfer Learning Model for Detection of Sugarcane Leaf Diseases
Authors: Hu Kaiwen , Li Honghui , Fu Xueliang , Zhou Shuncheng
Published: October 2024

Sugarcane is the primary crop in the global sugar industry, yet it remains highly susceptible to a wide range of diseases that significantly impact its yield and quality. An effective solution is required to solve the issues given by manual identification of plant diseases, which is time-consuming and wasteful, as well as low detection accuracy. This paper proposes the development of a robust deep ensemble convolutional neural network (DECNN) model for the accurate detection of sugarcane leaf diseases. Initially, several transfer learning (TL) models, including EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, NASNetMobile, and EfficientNetV2B0, were enhanced through the addition of specific layers. A comparative study was then conducted on the improved dataset. The application of data augmentation, along with the addition of dense layers, batchnormalization layers, and dropout layers, led to improved detection accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score for each model. Among the five enhanced transfer learning models, the modified EfficientNetB0 model demonstrated the highest detection accuracy, ranging from 97.08% to 98.54%. In conclusion, the DECNN model was developed by integrating the modified EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121 models using a distinctive performance-based custom weighted ensemble method, with weight optimization carried out using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) technique. This resulted in a model that achieved a detection accuracy of 99.17%, outperforming the individual performances of the modified EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121 models in detecting sugarcane leaf diseases.
DETERMINANTS OF FARMER’S PERCEPTION OF PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (HORN) DAMAGES AND LOSSES ON STORED MAIZE IN TOGO AND BENIN (WEST AFRICA)
Authors: Adabe Kokou Edoh , Abbey Abbevi Georges , Lamboni Yendouban , Djade Koffi Moise , Tounou Agbéko Kodjo , Hell Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Prostephanus truncatus is one of the most damaging post-harvest pests of stored maize in Africa. Research Institutions disseminated Various control strategies during the 1990s in West Africa with significant results. What is farmers’ perception of this pest in decades after those control strategies? This study aimed to assess determinants of farmers’ perception of current damages and losses caused by Prostephanus truncatus on stored maize in southern of the two countries (Benin and Togo). 300 maize farmers (150 from Togo and 150 from Benin) were randomly selected from 10 villages per country. Descriptive statistics were used in addition to Logit and Tobit regression analysis. The results showed that 38% of farmers (35% in Togo and 41% in Benin) still perceive Prostephanus truncatus as the most damaging pest of stored maize. Logit's results showed that factors influencing farmers’ perception of Prostephanus truncatus were group membership, contact with extension agents, and period of maize harvesting. The results from the Tobit regression model showed that factors such as the maize variety, the form of maize storage (with husk), and the storage period influence the extent of damage and loss caused by Prostephanus truncatus. Farmers still perceive Prostephanus truncatus as the main post-harvest pest causing high damage and losses on maize. It is recommended that further dissemination of maize storage technology to reduce postharvest losses.
PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT (KUR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN USAHATANI KOPI DI KECAMATAN SIBOLANGIT
Authors: Arman Iman , Sipayung Wahyuni , Novita Aisar
Published: October 2024

Farmer’s Perceptions of the Use of People’s Business Credit (PBC) in Improving Coffee Farming Businesses in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to examine the level of farmer’s perceptions and examine the factors that influence farmer’s perceptions of the use of People’s Business Credit (PBC) in improving coffee farming. This research was conducted in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, from April to June 2023. The data collection methods were interviews, questionnaires tested for validity and reliability, and recording, while the data analysis method used a Likert scale and multiple linear regression. The study results show that the level of farmer’s perception of using People’s Business Credit (PBC) in improving coffee farming is 82.42 percent. Partial further tests using tcount show that the factors of length of farming, income level, role of extension workers, social environment, and PBC socialization have quite a significant influence, with the tcount value being greater than the table.
¿El que nada sabe nada teme?
Authors: Cortés Vera Jesús
Published: October 2024

En estos días de confinamiento he recordado mucho una frase que utilizaba con frecuencia un compañero de la secundaria, hace ya medio siglo. En épocas de exámenes se le veía tranquilo y él decía que no tenía muchas dudas sobre los temas relacionados con el examen, porque tampoco sabía nada al respecto. “El que nada sabe nada teme”, nos decía.
Construcción de la paz desde la cooperación y la solidaridad: COVID-19
Authors: Ramos Muñoz Cristian
Published: October 2024

Escribo la siguiente reflexión desde mi confinamiento en Barcelona, España. Estoy convencido de que la crisis debiera ser una oportunidad para reflexionar sobre nuestros modelos de desarrollo y relaciones interpersonales antes del COVID-19.
Descubrimiento
Authors: Avendaño Fernanda R.
Published: October 2024

Una noche descubrí, que a veces, la virginidad no se pierde como se pierden los centavos. Sino que se arrebata, igual que se arrebatan a las niñas de los brazos de sus madres.
Sonetos para no salir corriendo
Authors: Domínguez Ruvalcaba Héctor
Published: October 2024

Nos quedamos sin diabéticos ni viejos Nadie en mi calle está presente Ni siquiera deambulan ya los ciegos Y huyeron también los indigentes [...]
La frontera está en el techo (microteatro)
Authors: Pombero Carmen
Published: October 2024

Tengo que vivir midiendo mis pasos, mis respiraciones, el ruido que hago al lavarme los dientes, el volumen que empleo al discutir con mi hijo para que haga los deberes o se coma toda la verdura. [...]
Del temor y otros demonios en el confinamiento
Authors: Segura Herrera Tamara
Published: October 2024

Era un sábado de cuarentena en el norte de México, me encontré a Rubí1 quien me confesó “tengo mucho miedo de morirme por Covit-19” [sic] ante ese comentario le pregunté “¿alguna vez tuviste miedo de morir por un balazo cuando trabajabas para [tal grupo del crimen organizado]?”, ella sonrió y contestó “no, una cosa es el trabajo y los riesgos que asumes, y otra, que llegue una cosa como esta y mueras sin saber por qué…”
Enrique Servín (1958-2019). Mi Tocayaso
Authors: Cortazar Enrique
Published: October 2024

Su amistad se daba sin falsos afanes, sus amigos lo éramos simplemente por el afecto y el gusto de serlo, así con la natural calidez de alguien que enriquecía a los demás sin proponérselo. Nada más ajeno a su amistad que buscar discípulos o militantes de su entorno, por todo esto sus amigos, que lo admirábamos sin reticencias, lo éramos por una palabra muy escasa: sinceridad.
Una anécdota con Enrique Servín o cuando el gozo se vino al pozo
Authors: Orozco Víctor
Published: October 2024

En 2007 dirigía la tesis de Guillermo Cervantes, quien había seleccionado la historia de Jiménez, Chihuahua, como tema de su disertación doctoral. En busca de información peiné el archivo histórico municipal y entre el cómulo de documentos que digitalizá, me sorprendió lo que consideró un hallazgo, como pepita de oro.
César Cabrera
Authors: Hernández Víctor
Published: October 2024

César Cabrera es un ave rara. Forma parte de aquella primera generación legendaria del cedart, que prometía una integración de las artes en la formación de la educación básica. Tuvo el privilegio de pertenecer al reducido grupo de egresados que recibieron las enseñanzas del programa Creatividad en la Educación, que Manuel de la Cera (artífice de lo mejor que el gobierno federal ha hecho hasta la fecha en materia de difusión cultural y educación artística) consiguió con la Universidad de Londres y cuyos facilitadores eran Susana Alexander y Roberto D’Amico. Pero antes de eso, César ya se había unido al grupo de teatro Los Zopilotes, cuando los hermanos Betancourt hicieron su paso por Chihuahua.
Cátedra Internacional de Historia Latinoamericana Friedrich Katz
Authors: León García Ricardo
Published: October 2024

A lo largo de cinco conferencias impartidas entre el 30 de octubre y el 27 de noviembre, se llevó a cabo la sesión de 2020 de esta Cátedra que cumplió 25 años de efectuarse en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. En esta ocasión, la UACJ honró la memoria de Friedrich Katz con la generosa presencia del doctor Javier Garciadiego Dantán, presidente de la Academia Mexicana de la Historia, integrante de El Colegio Nacional, miembro de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, exdirector del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana y expresidente de El Colegio de México.
Deployable Resilient Installation Water Purification and Treatment System (DRIPS) : relief well biofouling treatment of dams and levees
Authors: Smith Clint , Thomas Catherine , Díaz-Lluberes Ilea , Martinez-Guerra Edith , Alomar Osvaldo , Dalton Jillian , Mesheske Daniel , Tirmizi Osman , Atwain Fahmi , Rycroft Taylor , Mattei-Sosa Jose , Gunderson Kathryn , Goodrich James , Steenbock Joshua
Published: October 2024

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) conducts regular inspections and maintenance of relief wells to ensure their proper functionality and to identify early signs of malfunction or potential failure. Expenses associated with labor, materials, and transportation are the primary cost drivers of relief-well maintenance. To minimize labor hours and materials, a treatment approach intended to improve logistics and reduce material costs during relief-well treatment was developed and tested. This approach employed external UVC, mechanical brush treatments, and chlorinated-gas-infused water to produce liquid sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Preliminary bench-scale testing with chlorine, oxalic acid, and UVC informed the selection of field testing methods and optimal amendment concentrations. Field demonstrations were conducted annually over three years. During the demonstrations, the system underwent continuous optimization to enhance its efficiency. Different locations in Mississippi (Grenada Dam, Eagle Lake, and Magna Vista) were selected for testing. Both new and traditional treatment approaches yielded adequate results, achieving microbial reduction at 96% to 100%. The development and refinement of this system demonstrated that relief wells can be treated within a comparable timeframe and with similar efficiency while utilizing fewer purchased chemicals and materials.
El sistema público de salud en Baja California Sur
Authors: Flores-Aldape Zazil , Ojeda-Garmendia Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Se presentan las características específicas que enfrenta el sistema público de salud en Baja California Sur, partiendo de su demografía, circunstancias epidemiológicas y condiciones geográficas. A partir de esto, se describe la adaptación a estas características y los principales retos de salud pública que ha afrontado el sistema en las últimas dos décadas, a través de estrategias que han incrementado el acceso y cobertura universales basadas en la rectoría y gobernanza.
Formación de personal médico de pregrado en atención primaria. El caso de la Universidad de la Salud
Authors: Castro-Albarrán Juan Manuel Esteban
Published: October 2024

La atención primaria de salud (APS) es una estrategia intersectorial para el desarrollo de la salud de las personas. Comprende la organización de los sistemas de atención médico-sanitarios y acciones de desarrollo social sobre los determinantes de la salud, bajo principios de derecho, equidad, justicia social, respeto a la diversidad cultural, promoción de la salud, cobertura y acceso universal a todos los servicios preventivos y curativos, además, el uso de tecnologías apropiadas e impulso a la participación social y comunitaria. Por ende, el modelo de atención a la salud MAS-Bienestar en México considera la APS como fundamento de la sostenibilidad del sistema público de salud. Requiere una decidida política de formación estratégica de recursos humanos para la salud, orientados hacia la APS. Por esta razón, se revisan experiencias clave en formación de médicos en APS, presentándose el caso de la Universidad de la Salud (Unisa) y la propuesta curricular de la Licenciatura en Medicina General y Comunitaria, como pistas para reorientar la formación en medicina general. El mayor desafío para la formación de profesionales de la salud con enfoque de APS es ejercer la dirección conjunta entre el sector educativo y de salud, para crear un sistema nacional de formación estratégica del personal sanitario, a partir del cual éste garantiza su inserción en el sistema público.
Gratuidad en los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México: análisis del gasto de bolsillo directo e indirecto
Authors: Macías-González Fernando , Sánchez-Morales Jorge Eduardo , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , Muñoz-Espinosa Alicia , Romero-Martínez Martín , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio
Published: October 2024

Objetivo. Estimar gasto de bolsillo médico, gasto de bolsillo no médico y costos indirectos por pérdida de ingresos laborales entre pacientes sin seguridad social que reciben atención especializada de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta de salida representativa de 17 unidades de tercer nivel en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Se emplearon modelos logísticos y de regresión lineal para explorar características asociadas con la probabilidad y magnitud del gasto médico. Resultados. De 933 individuos, 68.6% no incurrió en gastos médicos. Entre quienes reportaron gasto (31.4%), la mediana fue de 752 pesos mexicanos. La probabilidad de gasto aumentó entre residentes fuera de la Ciudad de México y aquéllos con atención mayor a un año. Para la atención actual, las medianas de gastos no médicos y costos indirectos fueron 800, 200 y 1 426 pesos mexicanos, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Este estudio detalla la carga económica de la atención especializada de tercer nivel en México entre la población sin seguridad social. Los resultados evidencian aspectos a abordar para mejorar la equidad en el acceso a la salud, incluyendo el mejoramiento de la política de gratuidad, pero que también abarcan aspectos relacionados con los gastos no médicos y la pérdida de ingresos.
El sistema de salud de México: análisis de sus logros y desafíos en el periodo 2015-2022
Authors: Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth , Molina-Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Díaz-Portillo Sandra Patricia , Hoyos-Loya Elizabeth , Reyes-Morales Hortensia
Published: October 2024

El sistema de salud mexicano ha experimentado cambios en su organización y gobernanza y se enfrenta a un perfil de salud que implica desafíos para alcanzar la cobertura universal en salud. Para dar cuenta de estos cambios se presenta un análisis comparativo de indicadores entre 2015-2017 y 2021-2022 según la disponibilidad de las fuentes de información. En el perfil de salud se presenta información de los fenómenos demográficos y sociales, las condiciones de salud de la población y el Covid-19. Como parte de organización y gobernanza se describe la estructura básica del sistema, el modelo de atención, la disponibilidad de recursos humanos, infraestructura, medicamentos y tecnología, y financiamiento del sistema. Finalmente se presentan los logros en términos de acceso a la atención de salud, cobertura, calidad y seguridad. A partir del análisis y discusión de la información se identifican algunos desafíos del sistema de salud mexicano para orientar la política en salud futura.
CryoPROS: Correcting Misalignment Caused by Preferred Orientation Using AI-generated Auxiliary Particles
Authors: Bao Chenglong , zhang Hui , Zheng Dihan , Wu Qiurong , Yan Nieng , Shi Zuoqiang , Hu Mingxu , Peng Han , Hu Qi , Yan Zhaofeng , Peng Ying
Published: October 2024

The preferred orientation phenomenon is a common issue in cryo-EM, posing a persistent challenge to conventional reconstruction methods. In this study, we introduce CryoPROS, a computational framework designed to correct misalignment caused by preferred orientation through co-refining the raw and auxiliary particles. These auxiliary particles, generated using a self-supervised deep generative model, enhance the alignment accuracy of particles in datasets affected by preferred orientation. CryoPROS achieved near-atomic resolution with the untilted HA-trimer dataset and successfully resolved high-resolution structures from three experimental datasets, including P001-Y, Na\textsubscript{\textsl{X}}, and hormone-sensitive lipase dimer, all affected by preferred orientation issues. Extensive experiments validate the robustness of cryoPROS and its minimal risk of introducing model bias. These findings suggest that in many cases thought to suffer from preferred orientation, addressing misalignment issues can lead to significant improvements in the density map.
Transcriptional pathways of terminal differentiation in high- and low-density blood granulocytes in sepsis
Authors: Guenther Tobias , Coulibaly Anna , Velásquez Sonia Y. , Schulte Jutta , Fuderer Tanja , Sturm Timo , Hahn Bianka , Thiel Manfred , Lindner Holger A.
Published: October 2024

Background
Trauma and infection induce emergency granulopoiesis. Counts of immature granulocytes and transcriptional pathways of terminal granulocytic differentiation in blood are elevated in sepsis but correlate with disease severity. This limits their performance as sepsis biomarkers in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that activation of these pathways in sepsis is attributable to immature low-density (LD) rather than mature high-density (HD) granulocytes.
Methods
We included patients with sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of comparable disease severity, and additionally septic shock, on intensive or intermediate care unit admission. Blood granulocyte isolation by CD15 MicroBeads was followed by density-gradient centrifugation. Flow cytometry was used to determine counts of developmental stages and their relative abundancies in total, HD, and LD granulocytes. Five degranulation markers were quantified in plasma by multiplex immunoassays. A set of 135 genes mapping granulocyte differentiation was assayed by QuantiGene™ Plex. CEACAM4, PLAC8, and CD63 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied.
Results
Precursor counts appeared higher in sepsis than SIRS but did not correlate with disease severity for early immature and mature granulocytes. Precursor subpopulations were enriched at least ten-fold in LD over HD granulocytes without sepsis-SIRS differences. Degranulation markers in blood were comparable in sepsis and SIRS. Higher expression of early developmental genes in sepsis than SIRS was more pronounced in LD and less in HD than total granulocytes. Only the cell membrane protein encoding genes CXCR2 and CEACAM4 were more highly expressed in SIRS than sepsis. By qRT-PCR, the azurophilic granule genes CD63 and PLAC8 showed higher sepsis than SIRS levels in LD granulocytes and PLAC8 also in total granulocytes where its discriminatory performance resembled C-reactive protein (CRP).
Conclusions
Transcriptional programs of early terminal granulocytic differentiation distinguish sepsis from SIRS due to both higher counts of immature granulocytes and elevated activity of early developmental genes in sepsis. The sustained activity of PLAC8 in mature granulocytes likely accounts for its selection in the whole blood SeptiCyte™ LAB test. Total granulocyte PLAC8 rivals CRP as sepsis biomarker. However, infection-specific transcriptional pathways, that differentiate sepsis from sterile stress-induced granulocytosis more reliably than CRP, remain to be identified.
Pain Control Following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Protocols
Authors: Gaballah Kamis , Eldohaji Tuleen , Tannir Maha El , Shaban Roula , Habib Ruaa , Ali Kamran
Published: October 2024

The Use of multimodal analgesia is a common practice in clinical settings, where a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action is used to enhance the effectiveness of an analgesic and reduce its adverse effects. This study, which aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol with alternate administration in the management of postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, has yielded significant findings with practical implications. A single-center, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial involved 56 patients undergoing scheduled surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients were randomly assigned to either Group A (Control), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg together every 8 hours for 48 hours, or Group B (Study), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg alternatively every 4 hours for 48 hours. The primary outcome measure was the intensity of postoperative pain, which was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome measure was the timing of the onset of the analgesic effect, the duration of pain relief, the frequency of rescue drug administration, and the time interval between taking the recommended medication and the need for rescue medication. Investigators involved in analyzing the patients' responses were blinded to the pain control regime used by the participants. Pain intensity during the first 48 hours after the extractions showed that most participants experienced "some pain," including 50% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. The percentage of patients reporting "no pain" was higher in group B than in group A, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.495). More than half of the participants (53%) in group A reported needing an extra dose in the 48-hour follow-up period, while 85% in group B reported pain relief (p = 0.002). When correlating the mean pain score to the complexity level, in patients with moderate complexity of extraction, higher pain scores were recorded in group B. The study concludes that administering analgesics alternatively results in more effective pain relief for patients undergoing surgical extractions of the lower third molar, a finding that has practical implications for the management of postoperative pain in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, it is often associated with postoperative complications. The most frequent complication following the surgical intervention is pain.
Development and Clinical Application of a PCR-UV Assay for Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Bloodstream infections
Authors: Yu Lin , Zhang Jingzhi , Liu Ze , Liu Siyi , Zhang Yandong , Wu Ziman , Zheng Xiaodan , Zhou Xianling , Sun Baoqing
Published: October 2024

Objective: Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are a significant public health concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The detection and identification of CRAB is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, a rapid and economical CRAB-associated Bloodstream infections(BSIs) detection method is of urgent need.
Methods: A tripling PCR-UV reaction system was designed
for detecting the antibiotic resistance gene OXA23, OXA51 and AB-specific gene. The specificity of the primers , limit of detection (LOD), reproducibility, and accuracy of the assay were evaluated. The PCR products were analyzed using UV and ImageJ analysis directly, which provided a quickly interpretation of the results. Furthermore, the established assay was validated on clinical isolates and compared with blood culture and drug sensitivity tests.
Results: The tripling PCR-UV method established in this study demonstrated strong primer specificity, distinguishing CRAB among 23 common clinical pathogens. The results of this PCR method have been validated by electrophoresis for good accuracy and reproducibility, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 3.0 x 10-1 ng/uL. Meanwhile, the optimal annealing temperature for the triple method was optimized to 56.4 ℃. The result of PCR amplification could be judged by the result of the gray value of the tube to be tested / the gray value of the blank control of the same batch. The ratio>1.3 is CRAB, the ratio between 1.1-1.3 is carbapenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB), the ratio<1.1 is negative result. When applied to detect 30 patients with BSIs of AB, the results were consistent with clinical blood culture identification and drug sensitivity tests.
Conclusion: The tripling PCR-UV assay developed in this study is a UV-visual, rapid, and cost-effective method for the detection of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB) and identification of CRAB in bloodstream infections. The assay could be particularly useful in grassroots units where expensive molecular instruments are not readily available and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of CRAB infections in BSIs.
Incorporation of regulatory DNA elements within a viral vector improves recombinant protein expression in plants
Authors: Coates Ryan Jamie , Scofield Simon , Young Mark Thomas
Published: October 2024

Plants have significant potential as recombinant protein expression chassis, as they can produce complex post-translationally modified proteins that are unobtainable using prokaryotic production systems, with almost limitless scalability and substantially reduced costs relative to eukaryotic cell cultures. Transient protein expression reduces the time taken between transformation and recombinant protein extraction and purification, however low protein yields relative to conventional stable expression systems remain a major obstacle. Here, we have assessed the effectiveness of combining several established genetic components, including a promoter, 5’ UTR, 3’ UTR, double terminator, and matrix attachment region, to modify the TMV-based pJL-TRBO expression vector for improved recombinant protein expression in plants. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a reporter, we quantified expression using fluorescence imaging in planta together with SDS-PAGE and western blotting and showed that our optimum construct resulted in a ~ 7-fold increase relative to pJL-TRBO-eGFP. This increase was exclusively due to the presence of the additional 5’ UTR. We anticipate that our expression constructs will be a useful tool for high-yield plant recombinant protein production and may serve as a template for further improvements.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on the biological functions of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Yanju Li , Li Yanju , Liu Yang , Yang Xu , Yang Bo , Cheng Jinyang , Chen Juan , Yuan Xiaoshuang , Xu Xiao , Liu Guangyang , He Zhixu , Wang Feiqing
Published: October 2024

Background The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are largely dependent on paracrine factors, but the supernatants of the different MSCs may have different effects on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Therefore, this study compared supernatants of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in different states (non-senescent and replicative senescence) on the MM cells.Methods We extracted human BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs in vitro and used H2O2 to induce replicative senescence. Concentrated supernatants from MSCs and senescent MSCs (SMSCs) were added to MM cells. Cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration, tumor stemness factor expression, and cytokine expression levels were analyzed. Transcription regulation of signaling pathways was discussed.Results We successfully isolated and identified BM-MSCs, UC-MSCs, and SMSCs. When concentrated supernatants from BM-MSCs, UC-MSCs, senescent BM-MSCs (SBM-MSCs), senescent UCMSCs (SUC-MSCs) were used to treat MM cells, BMMSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants promoted the proliferation of MM cells, with a more pronounced effect by SBM-MSCs. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited the viability and proliferation of MM cells. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants increased the proportion of MM cells in the S-phase, with the effect of SBM-MSCs being more evident. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants arrested MM cells in the G0/G1 phase. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants enhanced the migration and tumor stemness of MM cells, with SBMMSCs having a more dramatic effect. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited the migration and tumor stemness of MM cells, with UC-MSCs having a more inhibitory effect. IL-6 and VEGFA expression correlated negatively with the survival of patients with MM according to online database analysis, in addition, we found that the expression of IL-6 and VEGFA was higher in MM patients through GEO database analysis. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants treatment increased the expression of IL-6 and VEGFA on MM cells,while UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited their expression. Signal pathway validation showed that the biological function of MSCs in MM is closely related to the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.Conclusion the supernatants of BM-MSCs promote the proliferation of MM cells, On the contrary, the supernatants of UC-MSCs inhibit MM cell proliferation. We observed that MSCs from different sources and different states have contrasting biological functions in MM cells. Furthermore, this research was provided to the optimal cancer gene therapy vector for MM was UC-MSCs, even UC-MSCs was in the state of senescence.
White matter integrity mediated the effect of plasma uric acid levels on cognitive function in ALS patients
Authors: Tang Jiahui , Zhao Yali , Chen Yu , Yang Yuan , Gong Zhenxiang , Li Zehui , Zhang Jing , Zhang Min
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the association between plasma uric acid levels and white matter microstructural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and to explore the potential mediating role of white matter microstructural changes in the protective effect of plasma uric acid on cognitive function in ALS patients.
Methods: 73 right-handed ALS patients were recruited for this study. Plasma uric acid levels were measured, diffusion tensor imaging scans were performed to assess white matter integrity, and cognition was evaluated using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral Screen. The relationships among plasma uric acid, white matter integrity, and cognitive function were examined through multivariate linear regression analysis. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether white matter integrity mediated the relationship between uric acid levels and cognitive function.
Results: The findings revealed a positive correlation between plasma uric acid levels and extensive preservation of white matter microstructural in various regions, including the cerebellar, internal capsule, and frontotemporal lobe bundles among ALS patients. Mediation analysis indicated that fractional anisotropy in the hippocampal portion of the cingulum fully mediated the effects of plasma uric acid level on global cognitive function and executive function in ALS patients.
Interpretation: Our results suggested that elevated plasma uric acid may preserve the integrity of white matter microstructure in ALS patients. Furthermore, we have identified evidence supporting the mediating influence of the hippocampal portion of the cingulum in linking plasma uric acid levels to cognitive function among ALS patients.
Effect of national health insurance benefit extension policy on long-term outcomes of ventilated patients with pneumonia: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yoo Wanho , Jang Hyojin , Lee Min Ki , Mok Jeongha , Kim Mi-Hyun , Kim Yeongdae , Son Jungmin , Kim Jinmi , Lee Kwangha
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 1-year mortality and health insurance benefit extension policy items in severe pneumonia patients requiring mechanical ventilation using a South Korean nationwide cohort. This study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance database. A total of 1,099 patients (542 patients in the health insurance benefit item group and 557 patients in the control group) were included. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Among patients with health insurance benefit extension policy items, 203 patients (37.5%) were diagnosed with hemato-oncological disease, who were categorized as group A, and 339 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or rare diseases, who were categorized as group B. Group B had lower 1-year mortality (50.7% vs. 62.5%, P < 0.001), higher total medical expenditure (median: 31,543 vs. 18,132 U.S. dollars [USD], P < 0.001), and lower out-of-pocket medical expenditure (median: 2,835 vs. 3,318 USD, P < 0.001) than the control group. Cox regression analysis revealed that group B benefit items were associated with lower 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 0.697; 95% confidence interval, 0.580–0.836; P < 0.001). The results suggest that the health insurance benefit extension policy was associated with use of more medical resources and lower 1-year mortality.