bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer-navigated TKA for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Associated With Extra-articular Femoral Deformity
Authors: Shao Junjie , Zhang Wen , Jiang Yao , Wang Qi , Chen Yunsu , Shen Hao , Zhang Xianlong
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of computed-navigated total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with extra-articular femoral deformity. Between January 2008 and June 2010, twelve patients (12 knees) with osteoarthritis combing extra-articular femoral deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty using the Stryker Navigation System 3.1 (Kalamazoo, Michigan), a wireless and imageless system. Average follow-up was 12.3±8.2 months (range, 3–24 months). Full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs, knee range of motion, and Knee Society Score were obtained for all patients pre- and postoperatively. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 12.0 statistical software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Average preoperative overall mechanical axis of the 12 knees was −10.0°±4.4° of varus (range, −5° to −18.5°) and average postoperative mechanical axis was −0.9°±0.8° (range −2° to 0°). Average Knee Society Score increased from 40.8±7.7 preoperatively to 94.9±2.4 postoperatively, and average function score increased from 39.6±12.3 preoperatively to 95.4±4.0 postoperatively. Average knee range of motion improved from 83.7°±18.7° preoperatively to 115.0°±8.2° postoperatively. The results of the study showed that computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty may be a valuable option for patients with deformed femurs in which conventional instruments are difficult to use. Follow-up observation of the long-term therapeutic effect of computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty is still needed.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Double-bundle PCL Reconstruction Using the LARS Artificial Ligament
Authors: Chen Chao-Ping , Lin Yu-Min , Chiu Yung-Cheng , Wu Hong-Wen , Lee Cheng-Hung , Tong Kwok-Man , Huang Kui-Chou
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) (JK Orthomedic Ltd, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, Canada) artificial ligament. Compared with older artificial ligaments, the LARS, which has been used in Europe for 15 years, is more resistant to wear and tear, has satisfactory torsional fatigue resistance, and has good biocompatibility. The current is study included 38 double-bundle PCL reconstructions using the LARS artificial ligament in 38 patients. Mean patient age was 32.6 years, and mean time from injury to surgery was 6 months. Mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 30–68 months). The study endpoint was 2-year follow-up. Mean Tegner score improved from 3.4±0.6 preoperatively to 6.0±1.4 postoperatively (
P
<.001), and mean Lysholm score improved from 70.0±11.0 pre-operatively to 91.7±5.5 postoperatively (
P
<.001). Knee laxity decreased significantly postoperatively (
P
<.001), and no differences existed at 1- and 2-year follow-up. After surgery using the Y-type LARS artificial ligament, knee function and stability improved. Using the LARS artificial ligament for double-bundle reconstruction of the PCL avoids donor-site morbidity and disease transmission. The complication rate is low, and the results appear to be stable with time and comparable with those obtained with other grafts. Double-bundle PCL reconstruction with the LARS artificial ligament may be an alternative treatment option.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Heterotopic Ossification Following Major Elbow Trauma
Authors: Douglas Keith , Cannada Lisa K. , Archer Kristin R. , Dean D. Brian , Lee Stella , Obremskey William
Published: June 2012

Heterotopic ossification is a common complication of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) type C distal humerus fractures and ulnohumeral fracture dislocations. The purpose of this study was to precisely define the incidence of heterotopic ossification following major elbow trauma and to identify risk factors for the development of clinically significant heterotopic ossification and for surgical excision of elbow heterotopic ossification.

Current Procedural Terminology codes identified 156 patients who underwent operative intervention for a distal humerus fracture or an ulnohumeral fracture dislocation at 2 Level I trauma centers over 6 years. The incidence of elbow heterotopic ossification was recorded at >90 days following the definitive procedure. Risk factors for the development of class 3 or 4 heterotopic ossification and for surgical excision of heterotopic ossification were evaluated using separate multivariable logistic regression analyses. Brooker class 3 or 4 heterotopic ossification occurred following 18 (14%) of 125 distal humerus fractures, 15 (22%) of 69 OTA type C distal humerus fractures, and 11 (35%) of 31 ulnohumeral fracture dislocations. Surgical excision of heterotopic ossification was performed after 12 (10%) of 125 distal humerus fractures, 10 (14%) of 69 OTA type C distal humerus fractures, and 8 (26%) of 31 ulnohumeral fracture dislocations. Sustaining a severe elbow injury (
P
<.05) or a delay of fixation (
P
=.05) was found to be independent risk factors for Brooker class 3 or 4 heterotopic ossification. Severe elbow injury (
P
<.05) and male sex (
P
<.05) were associated with operative excision of heterotopic ossification.
Remodeling After Lateral Closing-wedge Osteotomy in Children With Cubitus Varus
Authors: Lee Soon Chul , Shim Jong Sup , Sul Eun Jin , Seo Sung Wook
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of supracondylar lateral closing-wedge osteotomy of the humerus in children and the postoperative remodeling of the lateral condylar prominence. Lateral closing-wedge osteotomy for cubitus varus deformity was performed in 52 children. In all cases, medial translation for decreasing lateral condylar prominence or transposition of the ulnar nerve was not performed. Mean patient age was 8.8 years. Mean follow-up was 42 months. Clinical and radiological results were analyzed at last follow-up. Mean range of motion of the elbow in flexion and extension improved significantly (
P
<.05). Mean humeroulnar angle and mean shaft–condylar angle were significantly corrected (
P
<.05), and the angles between the affected and contralateral sides were not significantly different at last follow-up. Mean lateral condylar prominence index significantly decreased from 38.8% to 3.4%, and mean lateral condylar prominence amount decreased from −31.6% to −65.0% (
P
<.05 and
P
<.05, respectively). The amount of lateral condylar prominence remodeling was statistically correlated with the severity of preoperative cubitus varus, length of follow-up, and age at operation (
P
<.05 for all). The mean change in lateral condylar prominence amount in patients younger than 11 years (36.6%) was significantly greater than the mean change in lateral condylar prominence amount in patients aged 12 years or older (20.4%) (
P
=.001). Supracondylar lateral closing wedge osteotomy of the humerus is a simple and effective operation for correction of cubitus varus in children younger than 11 years with a considerable amount of lateral condylar prominence remodeling.
Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Necessary in Elective Soft Tissue Hand Surgery?
Authors: Tosti Rick , Fowler John , Dwyer Joe , Maltenfort Mitchell , Thoder Joseph J. , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: June 2012

Antibiotic prophylaxis for clean soft tissue hand surgery is not yet defined. Current literature focuses on overall orthopedic procedures, traumatic hand surgery, and carpal tunnel release. However, a paucity of data exists regarding the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in a broader variety of soft tissue hand procedures. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the rates of surgical site infection following elective soft tissue hand surgery with respect to administration of prophylactic antibiotics.

A multicenter, retrospective review was performed on 600 consecutive elective soft tissue hand procedures. Procedures with concomitant implant or incomplete records were excluded. Antibiotic delivery was given at the discretion of the attending surgeon. Patient comorbidities were recorded. Outcomes were measured by the presence of deep or superficial infections within 30 days postoperatively. The 4 most common procedures were carpal tunnel release, trigger finger release, mass excision, and first dorsal compartment release. The overall infection rate was 0.66%. All infections were considered superficial, and none required surgical management. In patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis (n=212), the infection rate was 0.47%. In those who did not receive prophylaxis (n=388), the infection rate was 0.77%. These differences were not statistically significant (
P
=1.00).
Does Bone Mineral Density Affect Hip Fracture Severity?
Authors: Spencer Simon J. , Blyth Mark J.G. , Lovell Frances , Holt Graeme
Published: June 2012

The association between hip fracture and reduced bone mineral density is well documented, with reduced bone mineral density predisposing to fracture. However, it is unknown whether an association exists between the magnitude of bone density lost and the severity of the hip fracture sustained. One hundred forty-two patients (96 women, 46 men) with a mean age of 74 years (range, 49–92 years) who sustained a hip fracture following a simple ground-level fall and were treated for this injury were reviewed. All patients had undergone dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry bone scanning of the contralateral hip and lumbar spine. Fractures were classified as intra- or extracapsular or subtrochanteric and then subclassified by degree of severity as simple (stable) or multifragmentary (unstable) fracture patterns.

Although a low hip bone mineral density (T- or Z score <2.5) was associated with an increased risk of extracapsular fracture (
P
=.025) compared with other fracture types, no association existed between bone mineral density and the severity of the resultant hip fracture. Although an association exists between bone mineral density and the risk of fragility fractures, the results of the current study suggest that the severity of hip fractures does not follow this correlation. Therefore, no assumption can be made about bone mineral density of the proximal femur based on the severity of the fracture observed on plain radiographs.
Successful Treatment of Aggressive Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Pelvis With Serial Embolization
Authors: Rossi Giuseppe , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Rimondi Eugenio , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: June 2012

Intralesional surgery is most commonly used for aneurysmal bone cysts. Rarely is en bloc resection used for active, aggressive, recurrent lesions and those located in expendable bones. However, persistence or recurrence of aneurysmal bone cysts is common. The clinical behavior of aneurysmal bone cysts is more aggressive in younger patients. Selective embolization is used as the primary treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts in surgically difficult anatomical locations and as an adjuvant to surgical treatment to reduce intraoperative blood loss and facilitate curettage.

This article describes a 3-year-old boy with an aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst of the pelvis involving the right ischiopubic rami that achieved curative treatment with 3 embolizations with N-2-butyl-cyanoacrylate. Biopsy was diagnostic; however, the clinical course was misleading. Twenty days after the first embolization, despite complete occlusion of the feeding vessels, the patient experienced severe pain, increased size of the lesion, and lateral subluxation of the right hip. Based on the imaging and histological diagnosis, intralesional hemorrhage was assumed, and repeat embolization was performed. After the second embolization, the patient experienced perineal skin necrosis from normal vessel embolization; it was treated with wound dressing changes and healed uneventfully. A third embolization was performed because of a persistent lesion. Six years after treatment, the patient was symptom free, and imaging showed complete ossification of the cyst.

Selective catheterization and occlusion of the feeding arteries with the appropriate embolic agent provide tumor devascularization, size reduction, pain relief, and induction of new bone formation. Multiple procedures are often necessary, and complications may occur.
TKA After Clamshell Osteotomy for Femoral Diaphyseal Malunion
Authors: Wilson Addison J. , Nandi Sumon , Robbins Claire E. , Bono James V.
Published: June 2012

Proper component positioning is essential for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Femoral component positioning presents a technical challenge when significant femoral deformity is present. Most commonly, an intramedullary guide is used to make an accurate distal femoral cut. However, in the presence of a significant femoral deformity, this is not a viable option.

The use of clamshell osteotomy to restore anatomic alignment in patients with complex femoral diaphyseal deformity is described in the literature. This article describes a case of a patient who underwent staged TKA after clamshell osteotomy and retrograde femoral nailing to correct femoral diaphyseal malunion. The retrograde intramedullary nail was retained and used as an intramedullary guide, allowing for TKA in a routine manner. Using an intramedullary nail as an alignment guide may be more accurate than using extramedullary alignment and may avoid the increased surgical time and potential pin-site stress risers of navigation. It is a simple, effective way to treat complicated diaphyseal femoral deformities in the face of posttraumatic knee arthritis. Further study of this technique with longer follow-up and multiple surgeons is necessary to validate this treatment algorithm.
Outcomes and Complications of Hydrogel Scleral Explant Removal
Authors: Chen Ching J. , Kosek Kevin , Benvenutti Erica
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report symptoms of extrusion of hydrogel explants after retinal detachment (RD) repair and the outcomes and complications following removal.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

All 23 patients had previous RD repair by episcleral buckle with hydrogel explant. Signs and symptoms of scleral buckle (SB) extrusion were analyzed. Main outcomes measured were redetachment of the retina, persistent diplopia, and decreased postoperative visual acuity (VA).

RESULTS:

Mean time between RD repair and removal of extruded SB was 16.2 years (range: 11 to 21 years). Fifteen patients (65%) received encircling SB and 8 had segmental SB. SB was combined with vitrectomy in 12 patients and 3 received silicone oil. Common complaints included limited ocular motility, presence of a palpable mass under the eyelid, pain and discomfort, diplopia, visible SB under eroded conjunctiva, complete immobility, and signs of infection. Two eyes were phthisical. No scleral perforations occurred during removal of explants. After SB removal, RD recurred in 2 patients and diplopia persisted in 4. VA was not affected by SB removal.

CONCLUSION:

Deterioration may occur after implantation for 10 years or longer. This is due to microstructural change of the hydrogel material. The most common problems are motility disturbance and presence of a tumor-like, palpable mass under the eyelid. Removal of the implant can alleviate some ocular problems. However, RD can recur and diplopia may persist after removal of the SB. Vision usually is not affected.
Trazado y construcción de arquerías en los inicios del gótico andaluz. Estudio del caso cordobés
Authors: García-Ortega A. J.
Published: June 2012

Las arcadas góticas de las iglesias parroquiales cordobesas están entre las primeras levantadas en Andalucía. Sus características y afinidades permiten un amplio estudio sobre su diseño, trazado y medida, construcción, etc., a la vez que sugieren la hipótesis de que todos estos aspectos pudieron obedecer a unos mismos criterios preestablecidos.

La investigación realizada lo corrobora, comprobando cómo derivaban en secciones resistentes que los maestros góticos consideraban válidas dentro de un rango de luces y cargas, aprovechando un sobredimensionamiento estructural del que apenas eran conscientes. Esto redundaba en una gran eficacia constructiva, demostrando su confianza en el oficio, aunque contradecía ciertos criterios de proporcionalidad al uso. En el proceso de diseño intervenía, determinantemente, el patrón métrico establecido para el edificio, generando las dimensiones fundamentales. Entre ellas estaban los radios de curvatura de los arcos, que se homogeneizaban para permitir la reutilización de cimbras y plantillas, la estandarización de dovelas, etc.
A tool to increase information-processing capacity for consumer water meter data
Authors: Jacobs Heinz E. , Fair Kerry A.
Published: June 2012

Background: Water service providers invoice most South African urban consumers for the water they use every month. A secure treasury system generates water invoices at municipalities’ financial departments. Information about the water usage of customers initially comes from reading the water meters, usually located in gardens near the front boundaries of properties. Until as recently as 1990, the main purpose of the water meter readings was to generate invoices for water usage. There are various treasury systems for this purpose.Objective: The objective of this research article was to describe the development of Swift, a locally developed software tool for analysing water meter data from an information management perspective, which engineers in the water field generally use, and to assess critically the influence of Swift on published research and industry. This article focuses on water usage and the challenge of data interchange and extraction as issues that various industries face.Method: This article presents the first detailed report on Swift. It uses a detailed knowledge review and presents and summarises the findings chronologically.Results: The water meter data flow path used to be quite simple. The risk of breaches in confidentiality was limited. Technological advances over the years have led to additional knowledge coming from the same water meter readings with subsequent research outputs. However, there are also complicated data flow paths and increased risks. Users have used Swift to analyse more than two million consumers’ water meter readings to date. Studies have culminated in 10 peer-reviewed journal articles using the data. Seven of them were in the last five years.Conclusion: Swift-based data was the basis of various research studies in the past decade. Practical guidelines in the civil engineering fraternity for estimating water use in South Africa have incorporated knowledge from these studies. Developments after 1995 have increased the information processing capacity for water meter data.
American Telemedicine Association 2012 Fall Forum
Authors: Forstag Benjamin
Published: June 2012

The ATA 2012 Fall Forum will follow a similar format to our highly-rated 2011 program, which was filled with unique ideas in an innovative format. We are looking for short talks, two-person dialogues, and demonstrations or other inventive presentation formats on a wide range of telemedicine subject areas. Topics might include: a unique approach to delivering telehealth services; a new and better device; a successful way of introducing telemedicine to providers or consumers; a novel way to organize and fund a program; or a fresh look at overcoming a barrier.
Tele-Dysphagia Management: An Opportunity for Prevention, Cost-Savings and Advanced Training
Authors: Coyle James
Published: June 2012

Many patients survive severe stroke because of aggressive management in intensive care units.  However, acquiring pneumonia during the post-onset phase significantly reduces both the quality and likelihood of survival. Aspiration pneumonia (AP), a relatively recent addition to the list of the pneumonias, is associated with dysphagia, a swallowing disorder that may cause aspiration of swallowed food or liquids mixed with bacterial pathogens common to saliva, or by aspiration of gastric contents due to emesis or gastroesophageal reflux. While it is within the purview of speech-language pathologists to provide evaluation, treatment, and management of dysphagia, the number of patients with dysphagia is growing faster than the number of qualified dysphagia clinicians.  Because dysphagia consultations via telepractice are feasible and relatively accessible from a technological standpoint, they offer a promising strategy to bring the expertise of distant dysphagia experts to patients in underserved areas.  Tele-dysphagia management has the potential to increase patients’ survival, enhance the expertise of primary, local clinicians, and reduce healthcare costs. Even a modest reduction in either hospital admissions for aspiration pneumonia, or in the length of stay for AP, could save the US health care system hundreds of millions of dollars each year.  Wide spread tele-dysphagia management offers significant opportunities for prevention, cost-savings and advanced training, and is therefore worthy of consideration by stakeholders in the health care system and university training programs.
Speech Therapy Telepractice for Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD): MaineCare (Medicaid) Cost Savings
Authors: Towey Michael P.
Published: June 2012

This Brief Communication represents an analysis of the cost savings to MaineCare (also referred to as Medicaid) directly attributable to service provided via speech therapy telepractice. Seven female (primarily adolescent) MaineCare patients consecutively referred to Waldo County General Hospital (WCGH) with suspected diagnosis of Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) were treated by speech therapy telepractice. Outcome data demonstrated a first month cost savings of $2376.72. The analysis additionally projected thousands of dollars of potential savings each month in reduced medical costs for this patient group as a result of successful treatment via speech therapy telepractice.  The study suggests that without access to speech therapy telepractice for patients with VCD, the ongoing medical costs to MaineCare will be ongoing and significant.
Mathematics on the Inside: A Review of Loving + Hating Mathematics: Challenging the Myths of Mathematical Life
Authors: Kirshner David
Published: June 2012

Imagine that you have woken from a dream, a dream brimming with meaning, with passion, with mystery. You try to sustain the feeling, recount the details, share the experience. You fail. Your powers of reconstruction are too meager, your tongue is too clumsy. Mathematics is such a dream, dreamed by individuals, personal, yet remarkably in a waking state, and provoking sufficient commonality in its recounting to bring individuals together to create a community of shared passion. The first dreamer of the dream, shrouded in history and myth, perhaps was Thales of Miletus, who later advised Pythagoras of Samos. Pythagoras subsequently founded an order of adherents holding knowledge and property in common while pursuing philosophical and mathematical studies as a moral basis for the conduct of life (Boyer & Merzbach, 2011).
Perivascular Stem Cells: A Prospectively Purified Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: James Aaron W. , Zara Janette N. , Zhang Xinli , Askarinam Asal , Goyal Raghav , Chiang Michael , Yuan Wei , Chang Le , Corselli Mirko , Shen Jia , Pang Shen , Stoker David , Wu Ben , Ting Kang , Péault Bruno , Soo Chia
Published: June 2012

Adipose tissue is an ideal source of mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering: it is largely dispensable and readily accessible with minimal morbidity. However, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is a heterogeneous cell population, which leads to unreliable bone formation. In the present study, we prospectively purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) from adipose tissue and compared their bone-forming capacity with that of traditionally derived SVF. PSCs are a population (sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting) of pericytes (CD146+CD34−CD45−) and adventitial cells (CD146−CD34+CD45−), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we found that PSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in vitro and formed bone after intramuscular implantation without the need for predifferentiation. We next sought to optimize PSCs for in vivo bone formation, adopting a demineralized bone matrix for osteoinduction and tricalcium phosphate particle formulation for protein release. Patient-matched, purified PSCs formed significantly more bone in comparison with traditionally derived SVF by all parameters. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 increased in vivo bone formation but with a massive adipogenic response. In contrast, recombinant Nel-like molecule 1 (NELL-1; a novel osteoinductive growth factor) selectively enhanced bone formation. These studies suggest that adipose-derived human PSCs are a new cell source for future efforts in skeletal regenerative medicine. Moreover, PSCs are a stem cell-based therapeutic that is readily approvable by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with potentially increased safety, purity, identity, potency, and efficacy. Finally, NELL-1 is a candidate growth factor able to induce human PSC osteogenesis.
Targeting Efficiency and Biodistribution of Zoledronate Conjugated Docetaxel Loaded Pegylated PBCA Nanoparticles for Bone Metastasis
Authors: Chaudhari Kiran R. , Kumar Abhinesh , Khandelwal Vinoth Kumar Megraj , Mishra Anil K. , Monkkonen Jukka , Murthy Rayasa S. Ramachandra
Published: June 2012

In an attempt to improve tumor localization of docetaxel (DTX)‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs), zoledronic acid (ZOL) is used as a ligand to target bone metastasis. DTX‐loaded ZOL‐conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) NPs are prepared using an anionic polymerization technique. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs are subjected to cytotoxic assay in both BO2 and MCF‐7 cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs are studied. Quantitative cellular uptake, NP uptake route characterization, confocal microscopy and IPP/ApppI levels are performed. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs show an enhanced cytotoxic effect in both BO2 as well as MCF‐7 cell lines due to higher uptake following ZOL‐mediated endocytosis. The molecular basis of apoptosis reveals the involvement of a cytoplasmic protein in activating the programmed cell death pathway. Route characterization studies reveal that PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs uptake is not completely blocked even by using both inhibitors (genistein and phenyl arsinoxide) simultaneously, conferring that uptake is not entirely based upon clathrin or caveolae. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs showed 7 and 5.3 times increase in IPP and ApppI production, in comparison to ZOL treatment, and 138 times higher than the control group in MCF‐7 cell line. In BO2 cell line, after treatment with NPs, IPP was 5.35 times higher than ZOL solution. No ApppI in BO2 cell line after treatment with NPs and ZOL solution was found. NP distribution in tumor infected bone is also significantly high in comparison to the normal bone at any time point. It is concluded that ZOL‐conjugated NPs provide an efficient and targeted delivery of DTX, with synergistic effects. Thus, these NPs present a promising treatment in the near future, by actively targeting metastatic tumor.
Inversion of Dominant Polarity in Ambipolar Polydiketopyrrolopyrrole with Thermally Removable Groups
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Han A‐Reum , Hong Jayeon , Seo Jung Hwa , Oh Joon Hak , Yang Changduk
Published: June 2012

A narrow bandgap polymeric semiconductor, BOC‐PTDPP, comprising alkyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and tert‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐BOC)‐protected DPP, is synthesized and used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The polymer films are prepared by solution deposition and thermal annealing of precursors featuring thermally labile t‐BOC groups. The effects of the thermal cleavage on the molecular packing structure in the polymer thin films are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Upon utilization of solution‐shearing process, integrating the ambipolar BOC‐PTDPP into transistors shows p‐channel dominant characteristics, resulting in hole and electron mobilities as high as 1.32 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are about one order of magnitude higher than those of the drop‐cast films. Very intriguingly, the dominant polarity of charge carriers changes from positive to negative after the thermal cleavage of t‐BOC groups at 200 °C. The solution‐sheared films upon subsequent thermal treatment show superior electron mobility (μe = 4.60 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1), while the hole mobility decreases by one order of magnitude (μh = 4.30 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1). The inverter constructed with the combination of two identical ambipolar OFETs exhibits a gain of ∼10. Reported here for the first time is a viable approach to selectively tune dominant polarity of charge carriers in solution‐processed ambipolar OFETs, which highlights the electronically tunable ambipolarity of thermocleavable polymer by simple thermal treatment.
Familial cortical myoclonus with a mutation in NOL3
Authors: Russell Jonathan F. , Steckley Jamie L. , Coppola Giovanni , G. Hahn Angelika F. , Howard MacKenzie A. , Kornberg Zachary , Huang Alden , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Merriman Barry , Klein Eric , Choi Murim , Lee Hsien‐Yang , Kirk Andrew , Nelson‐Williams Carol , Gibson Gillian , Baraban Scott C. , Lifton Richard P. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Fu Ying‐Hui , Ptáček Louis J.
Published: June 2012

Objective:

Myoclonus is characterized by sudden, brief involuntary movements, and its presence is debilitating. We identified a family suffering from adult onset, cortical myoclonus without associated seizures. We performed clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic studies to define this phenotype.

Methods:

A large, 4‐generation family with a history of myoclonus underwent careful questioning, examination, and electrophysiological testing. Thirty‐five family members donated blood samples for genetic analysis, which included single nucleotide polymorphism mapping, microsatellite linkage, targeted massively parallel sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. In silico and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate functional significance of the mutation.

Results:

We identified 11 members of a Canadian Mennonite family suffering from adult onset, slowly progressive, disabling, multifocal myoclonus. Somatosensory evoked potentials indicated a cortical origin of the myoclonus. There were no associated seizures. Some severely affected individuals developed signs of progressive cerebellar ataxia of variable severity late in the course of their illness. The phenotype was inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. We demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16q21‐22.1. We then sequenced all coding sequence in the critical region, identifying only a single cosegregating, novel, nonsynonymous mutation, which resides in the gene NOL3. Furthermore, this mutation was found to alter post‐translational modification of NOL3 protein in vitro.

Interpretation:

We propose that familial cortical myoclonus is a novel movement disorder that may be caused by mutation in NOL3. Further investigation of the role of NOL3 in neuronal physiology may shed light on neuronal membrane hyperexcitability and pathophysiology of myoclonus and related disorders. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:175–183.
Potential of shipborne GPS atmospheric delay data for prediction of Mediterranean intense weather events
Authors: Boniface K. , Champollion C. , Chery J. , Ducrocq V. , Rocken C. , Doerflinger E. , Collard P.
Published: June 2012

High spatial and temporal variability of mesoscale moisture fields is still a challenge for quantitative precipitation forecast within numerical weather prediction (NWP) models especially over ocean regions where observations are lacking. This study presents the comparison between integrated water vapor over the Mediterranean Sea determined from shipborne GPS, the NWP ALADIN/Météo‐France model and MODIS retrieval during a 4‐month campaign (autumn 2008).

While moisture prediction of the NWP remains accurate during most of the observation period, there are significant periods with offsets between GPS data and model predictions. We analyze such events and discuss the associated meteorological situation. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Experiments, measurements, and mathematical modeling to decipher time signals in development
Authors: Tendeng Christian
Published: June 2012

Good progress has been made in identifying key signaling molecules and explaining how they are used to generate spatial patterns during embryonic development. In contrast, little is known about the control of timing or how cells use time signals in the developing embryo. In this review, I describe how direct measurements from the embryo combined with mathematical modeling could bring new insights. To illustrate this point, I discuss three examples: the Dpp gradient during growth of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc; the Polycomb‐based epigenetic silencing during vernalization in plants; and the Notch‐dependent somite segmentation clock. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:121–131, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entwurf und Aufbau eines zweiaxialen Split‐Hopkinson‐Bars
Authors: Hummeltenberg Anja , Curbach Manfred
Published: June 2012

In diesem Beitrag werden der Entwurf und der Aufbau eines zweiaxialen Split‐Hopkinson‐Bars und erste experimentelle Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Um das Verhalten von Materialien unter stoßartigen also dynamischen Belastungsbedingungen zu ermitteln, ist der Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar eine etablierte Versuchsmethode. Dabei ist es möglich, Proben definiert einaxial und mit Verzerrungsraten von 50 bis 150 1/s zu belasten. Mit dem zweiaxialen Versuchsstand soll das Materialverhalten von Betonen unter zweiaxialen dynamischen Belastungszuständen untersucht werden. Daher muss die zu entwickelnde Versuchsanlage hinsichtlich der zu untersuchenden Betone, hinsichtlich der zu untersuchenden Verzerrungsraten bzw. Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten sowie hinsichtlich einer synchronen zweiaxialen Belastung konzipiert werden.

Design and construction of a biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar

The Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar setup is a widely used method to determine the dynamical properties of materials under high loading rates. From these experiments, a rise of the concrete compression strength with increasing loading rate is known. Furthermore, an increase of compression strength under multiaxial static loading conditions is known. For the purpose to study the effect of multiaxial compression and concurrently high loading rates, a biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar has been designed and built up. With this test facility strain rates up to 150 1/s can be reached. The design of this biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar requires the consideration of the material strength of the test specimens, the loading rates and the synchronisation of two gas guns.
Green and Sustainable Remediation – A Perspective for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites?
Authors: Held Thomas , Noé Karl
Published: June 2012

Das im Bereich Umweltschutz verankerte Prinzip der Nachhaltigkeit wird mehr und mehr auch auf den nachsorgenden Umweltschutz, d. h. die Sanierung von Boden und Grundwasser, angewendet. Während im europäischen Ausland die Diskussionen in vollem Gange sind, haben sie in Deutschland gerade erst begonnen. Unter den drei für die Nachhaltigkeit relevanten Säulen Umwelt, Ökonomie und Gesellschaft werden derzeit im Sinne einer Green Remediation vor allem Aspekte der Schonung von Ressourcen berücksichtigt.
On the design of energy‐efficient hardware transactional memory systems
Authors: Gaona E. , Titos R. , Fernández J. , Acacio M. E.
Published: June 2012

Transactional memory is currently being advocated as a promising alternative to lock‐based synchronization because it simplifies multithreaded programming. In this way, future many‐core chip multiprocessor architectures may need to provide hardware support for transactional memory. On the other hand, energy consumption constitutes nowadays a first class consideration in multicore processor designs. In this work, we characterize the performance and energy consumption of two well‐known hardware transactional memory systems that employ opposite policies for data versioning and conflict management. More specifically, we compare a LogTM‐SE eager‐eager system and a version of the Scalable Transactional Coherence and Consistency lazy‐lazy system that enable parallel commits. To do so, we extended the Multifacet GEMS simulator to estimate the energy consumed in the on‐chip caches according to CACTI and used the interconnection network energy model given by Orion 2. Results show that the energy consumption of the eager‐eager system is 38% higher in average than in the lazy‐lazy case, whereas performance differences between the two systems are 26% in average. We found that even though lazy‐lazy beats eager‐eager on average, there are considerable deviations in performance depending on the particular characteristics of each application and the settings of both systems. Finally, from this characterization, we observe that a significant part of the energy consumed in some applications in eager‐eager is spent on the back‐off delay phase and explore more energy‐efficient hardware back‐off mechanisms. For lazy‐lazy systems, the way in which memory lines are assigned to the L2 cache banks affects the number of parallel commits in some applications, and we study an alternative fine‐grained assignment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bargaining‐based spectrum sharing in cognitive radio network
Authors: Yan Yang , Chen Xiang , Zhou Chunhui , Zhong Xiaofeng , Zhao Ming , Wang Jing
Published: June 2012

Cognitive radio (CR) can significantly alleviate the network pressure caused by the rapid development of wireless communications through allowing secondary users (SUs) to obtain spectrum resource from primary users (PUs). One key issue of CR technology is spectrum sharing, that is, how spectrum should be allocated between SUs without causing interference to PUs. In this paper, we propose a bilateral bargaining mechanism to achieve this goal between two SUs. The general network scenario with multiple SUs can be decomposed into multiple pairs of bilateral bargaining studied in this paper. The SUs have to reach a mutual satisfactory agreement on the partition of spectrum by making alternating offers to each other. We model such bargaining process as dynamic finite/infinite horizon multistage game with observed actions and fully characterize the corresponding subgame perfect equilibria. Moreover, theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that our proposed scheme can effectively allocate spectrum resource between SUs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of zeolite ZSM‐5: Effect of emulsifiers
Authors: Chauhan Nilam L. , Das Jagannath , Jasra Raksh V. , Murthy Z. V. P. , Parikh Parimal A.
Published: June 2012

Zeolite ZSM‐5 has been synthesized in presence of various emulsifiers. Influence of types and proportions of cationic, anionic and non‐ionic emulsifier has been studied. Cationic emulsifier, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide resulted in an amorphous phase, whereas anionic emuisifier, sodium lauryl sulphate afforded crystalline phase, identified as magadiite. Non‐ionic emulsifiers, 1,2,3‐benzotriazole and sorbital mono‐stearate led to the formation of pure crystalline ZSM‐5 phase. Emulsifier concentration was found to affect the process of crystallization, and the crystal size and morphology of ZSM‐5. Emulsifier necessitated higher crystallization temperature and/or longer hydrothermal period. ZSM‐5 crystallization was observed to proceed through magadiite phase formation. In case of benzotriazole, unusual stacked square platelet type morphology and with sorbital monostearate, very small crystals were observed.
Effect of Ca on HoPO4·nH2O (n = 1 and 2) crystallization from phosphoric acid solution
Authors: Kijkowska R. , Malina D. , Sobczak‐Kupiec A. , Wzorek Z. , Orlicki R.
Published: June 2012

Ca‐substituted holmium phosphate, isomorphic with tetragonal form of HoPO4·H2O was synthesized by crystallization from boiling phosphoric acid (2 M H3PO4) solution containing 0.02M of Ho and 0–0.2 M of Ca. Calcium concentration, higher than 0.2 M Ca in solution resulted in biphasic solid crystallization: tetragonal HoPO4·H2O and orthorhombic HoPO4·2H2O. Ca incorporation in the solid according to substitution mechanism: Ca2+ + H+ ↔ Ho3+ was limited to ∼3 wt.% and was coupled with simultaneous incorporation of HPO42−. Ca for Ho substitution caused an expansion of the tetragonal unit cell of HoPO4·H2O, resulted from differences in the ionic radii (rCa > rHo). Effects of thermal treatment at 900 °C were as follows: (i) the orthorhombic admixture of HoPO4·2H2O re‐crystallized into tetragonal anhydrous HoPO4, (ii) Ca–at first dissolved in crystal structure of HoPO4·H2O was expelled from it during re‐crystallization to form Ca(PO3)2, and that was associated with a contraction of the unit cell; a ‐ and c‐ axes went down to the level of Ca‐free anhydrous tetragonal form of HoPO4. (iii) HPO42− present in the solids as prepared underwent condensation according to reaction 2HPO42− → P2O74− + H2O. Scanning electron micrographs revealed significant changes in size and morphology of the crystals ranging from spherical globules of HoPO4·H2O formed in Ca‐free H3PO4 with increasing diameter in the presence of lower Ca concentration to rod‐like crystals organized in bundles resembling the “scheaf of wheat”, while crystallized from phosphoric acid solution with higher than 0.2 M Ca.
Differentiating event‐related potential components sensitive to emotion in middle childhood: Evidence from temporal–spatial PCA
Authors: Kujawa Autumn , Weinberg Anna , Hajcak Greg , Klein Daniel N.
Published: June 2012

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) may be particularly useful for examining emotional processing across development. Though a number of ERP components are sensitive to emotional content in adults, previous studies have yet to systematically examine the components sensitive to emotion in children. The current study used temporal–spatial principal components analysis (PCA) to identify ERP components in response to complex emotional images in 9‐year‐old children. Three components were modulated by emotional content and were similar to those previously observed in adults, including: the early posterior negativity, the P300, and a sustained relative positivity similar to the late positive potential (LPP). Compared to those previously observed in adults, the components sensitive to emotion in children were maximal over more occipital regions and the LPP component appeared to be less protracted in time, perhaps indicative of less elaborative processing of emotional stimuli. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 539–550, 2013
Photoinitiated Dioxygenase‐Type Reactivity of Open‐Shell 3d Divalent Metal Flavonolato Complexes
Authors: Grubel Katarzyna , Marts Amy R. , Greer Samuel M. , Tierney David L. , Allpress Caleb J. , Anderson Stacey N. , Laughlin Brynna J. , Smith Rhett C. , Arif Atta M. , Berreau Lisa M.
Published: June 2012

Irradiation of 3‐hydroxyflavonolato (3‐Hfl) complexes of MnII, CoII, NiII and CuII (1–4) at 300 nm under aerobic conditions results in dioxygenase‐type reactivity and the formation of the corresponding divalent metal O‐benzoylsalicylato (O‐bs) complexes 8–11 and CO. The latter were characterized by using multiple methods, including elemental analysis, X‐ray crystallography, NMR and/or EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. Compounds 1–4 serve as catalysts for the photoinduced reactivity of 3‐hydroxyflavonol (3‐HflH) to produce O‐benzoylsalicylic acid as the major product. Spectroscopic studies (UV/Vis and 1H NMR) show that each O‐benzoylsalicylato complex 8–11 reacts with one equiv. of 3‐hydroxyflavonol to regenerate 1–4 and enable turnover reactivity. Unlike what is observed for free 3‐HflH, photoinduced reactions involving 1–4 and excess flavonol show only minor amounts of flavonol isomerization reactivity. These results indicate that the presence of a metal ion, whether under stoichiometric or catalytic conditions, facilitates the photoinduced degradation of 3‐HflH to produce a carboxylic acid and CO as products.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in semantic dementia after 6 months of memantine: an open‐label pilot study
Authors: Chow Tiffany W. , Fam David , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Verhoeff Nicolaas P. G. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. , Wilson Alan A. , Houle Sylvain , Pollock Bruce G.
Published: June 2012

Objectives

To follow up on the increases we reported in normalized metabolic activity in salience network hubs from a 2‐month open‐label study of memantine in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods

We repeated fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) after 6 months of drug use and subjected the data to Statistical Parametrical Mapping (SPM) analysis to reveal clusters of significant change from baseline. We also sought correlations between changes in behavioral disturbances on the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and the PET signal.

Results

Recruitment of one progressive nonfluent aphasia and one behavioral variant FTD precluded statistical analysis for any FTD subtype other than semantic dementia (SD). The baseline‐to‐6‐month interval showed increased normalized metabolic activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (p < 0.002) for five participants with SD. The 2–6‐month interval revealed a late increase in normalized metabolic activity in the left insula (p < 0.013), right insula (p < 0.009), and left anterior cingulate (p < 0.005). The right anterior cingulate showed both an initial increase and a delayed further increase (2–6 months, p < 0.016). FBI scores worsened by 43.3%. One participant with SD opted not to continue memantine beyond 2 months yet showed similar FDG‐PET increases.

Conclusions

Increases in normalized cortical metabolic activity in salience network hubs were sustained in SD over a 6‐month period. Because one participant without medication also showed these changes, further investigation is recommended through a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with FDG‐PET as an outcome measure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.