bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution control
Authors: Wang Zhilin , Shang Hangbiao
Published: June 2024

Agricultural non-point source pollution control (ANSPC) is a complex, long-term and dynamic environmental protection process. In order to motivate multiple subjects to participate in ANSPC, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of local government, village collectives and farmers, which explores the strategic choices and influencing factors of different subjects through simulation analysis. The results indicate that: There are five stable strategy points in the ANSPC game system, which can be divided into four stages based on subject interactions. Village collectives should play an intermediary role in ANSPC and try to coordinate the behaviour of different subjects. The ideal and stable evolution state is "weak supervise, positive response, and active participate", but it cannot be realized at present. The strategy selection of subjects is determined by relative net income. Providing penalties requires considering the heterogeneity of subjects, but incentives are beneficial for achieving tripartite governance. This study provides new evidence for understanding the role of multi-agency participation in agricultural non-point source pollution control, and provides theoretical guidance for the government to formulate differentiated intervention mechanisms, which is an important reference for achieving sustainable development goals.
The racialization of pit bulls: What dogs can teach us about racial politics
Authors: Tesler Michael , McThomas Mary
Published: June 2024

Many have argued that discrimination against pit bulls is rooted in the breed’s association with Black owners and culture. We theoretically and empirically interrogate that argument in a variety of ways and uncover striking similarities between the racialization of pit bulls and other racialized issues (e.g., poverty and crime) in public opinion and policy implementation. After detailing the reasons to expect pit bulls to be racialized as Black despite dog ownership in the U.S. generally being raced as white, the article shows: (1) Most Americans associate pit bulls with Black people. (2) Anti-Black attitudes, in general, are significant, independent, predictors of both anti-pit views and of preferring other breeds over them; (3) stereotypes of Black men as violent, in particular, are significant, independent, predictors of both anti-pit views and of preferring other breeds over them. (4) Implicit racialization through a national survey experiment further eroded support for legalizing pits, with the treatment effect significantly conditioned by respondent’s race. And (5) state-level racial prejudice is a significant negative predictor of enacting legislation to preempt breed-specific bans. We conclude with our findings’ broader insights into the nature of U.S. racial politics. Michael Tesler, mtesler@uci.edu, corresponding author, is Professor of Political Science at UC Irvine; Mary McThomas, mary.mcthomas@uci.edu, is Associate Professor of Political Science at UC Irvine. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Political Science Association’s annual meeting. We thank Maneesh Arora, Rachel Bernhard, Nathan Chan, Louis Pickett, David Sears, DeSipio, Adam Duberstein, Jane Junn, Claire Kim, Jessica Manforti, J. Scott Matthews, Justin.
The influence of traceability label trust on consumers’ traceability pork purchasing behavior: Based on the moderating effect of food safety identification
Authors: Liu Zengjin , Yu Zhuo , Zhao Jing , Han Xibing , Li Caixia , Geng Ning , Yu Meilian
Published: June 2024

Based on 908 consumer questionnaire data from 15 urban areas in Shanghai, we use the binary logit model to empirically analyze the impact of traceability label trust on consumers’ traceable pork purchase behavior and the moderating effect of food safety identification. After constructing the theoretical analysis framework, this paper verifies it from the two aspects of statistical analysis and econometric analysis and tests the robustness of the final results. The results show that: first, traceability label trust has a significant positive impact on consumers’ traceability pork behavior. Second, food safety identification can significantly strengthen and promote this process. Third, consumers’ purchasing behavior is significantly positively affected by traceable pork consumption scenarios and price labels, but the permanent elderly in the composition of family members significantly negative impact on it. Therefore, we put forward relevant policy suggestions, such as strengthening the knowledge popularization and publicity based on the advantageous commodity attributes of traceable pork, carrying out food safety knowledge popularization education, and enhancing consumers’ risk perception and food safety identification ability.
Innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate among the Chinese clinical first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic: The mediating roles of self-transcendence
Authors: Wang Zhangyi , Zhu Yue , Wang Tingrui , Su Tao , Zhou Huifang , Zhang Siai , Liu Mengru , Chen Lamei , Wu Manli , Li Liping , Li Xuechun , Pang Xiaoli , Peng Jiaofeng , Tang Xiaochun , Liu Li
Published: June 2024

Background

During the Omicron pandemic, clinical first-line nurses played a crucial role in healthcare. Their innovative behavior enhanced the quality of nursing and served as a vital factor in driving the sustainable development of the nursing discipline and healthcare industry. Many previous studies have confirmed the significance of nurses’ innovative behavior worldwide. However, the correlations among innovative behaviors, organizational innovation climate, self-transcendence, and their mediating roles in Chinese clinical first-line nurses need further research.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the quality reporting conformed to the STROBE Checklist. From March 2022 to February 2023, a convenience sample of 1,058 Chinese clinical first-line nurses was recruited from seven tertiary grade-A hospitals of Tianjin city in Northern China. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale (NIBS), Nurse Organizational Innovation Climate Scale, and the Self-Transcendence Scale were used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses.

Results

The total scores of innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence were 33.19 ± 6.71, 68.88 ± 12.76, and 41.25 ± 7.83, respectively. Innovative behavior was positively correlated with the organizational innovation climate (r = 0.583, p < 0.01) and self-transcendence (r = 0.635, p < 0.01). Self-transcendence partially mediated mediating role between innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate, accounting for 41.7%.

Conclusion

The innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence among the first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic were relatively moderate, which needs improving. Organizational innovation climate can directly affect the innovative behavior among Chinese clinical first-line nurses and indirectly through the mediating role of self-transcendence. It is recommended that nursing managers adjust their management strategies and techniques based on the unique characteristics of nurses during the pandemic. This includes fostering a positive and inclusive environment for organizational innovation, nurturing nurses’ motivation and awareness for innovation, enhancing their ability to gather information effectively, overcoming negative emotions resulting from the pandemic, and promoting personal growth. These efforts will ultimately enhance nursing quality and satisfaction during the Omicron pandemic.
Doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service
Authors: de Carvalho Renata Rosa , Carvalho Fabiana , Oliveira Elise Botteselle de , Souza da Silva Rodolfo , Rados Dimitris Varvaki , Mattiello Rita , Gonçalves Marcelo Rodrigues , Umpierre Roberto Nunes , Giugliani Camila
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study aims to describe doubts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service. All teleconsultations (TCs) offered through TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS to primary health care (PHC) services in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2018 and 2021 involving syphilis in pregnancy were included. A total of 356 (TCs) were analyzed. The main doubts about syphilis during pregnancy raised by primary care professionals were related to the need for retreatment (35%), diagnostic definition (23%) and initial treatment (16%). In addition, 95% of TCs were suitable for diagnosing and treating syphilis based on the 2020 Brazilian Ministry of Health guideline. This study suggests that TCs can identify failures in the diagnosis and treatment of public health problems and support decision making in PHC involving syphilis in pregnancy.
Unraveling climatic niche evolution: Insights into the geographical distribution of the neotropical social wasp genus Synoeca (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)
Authors: Viana Matheus Cavalcante , Duran Andressa , Menezes Rodolpho Santos Telles
Published: June 2024

Niche evolution refers to the process by which species undergo changes in ecological interactions, as well as their ability to disperse over time. Our study focuses on the widely distributed neotropical genus of social wasps, Synoeca (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). We use ecological niche modeling to investigate the niche evolution of this insects, to explore how species have evolved within and across distinct environmental boundaries, as well as to explore the overlap, equivalence, and similarity between their niches. Our analysis of Predicted Niche Occupancy reveals that species occupy heterogeneous niches in relation to temperature, precipitation, and altitude, similar to the patterns observed in the analysis of the evolutionary history of climate tolerances, which shows that species have evolved to occupy distinct niche ranges. In addition, our niche comparisons indicate that the species do not share similar niches with each other. All these results suggest that Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism may be playing a significant role as a process contributing to the allopatric pattern observed in this genus. This study represents the first investigation of niche evolution in Vespidae, providing valuable insights for future research into the evolutionary dynamics of insects.
Phage-induced efflux down-regulation boosts antibiotic efficacy
Authors: Kraus Samuel , Fletcher Megan L. , Łapińska Urszula , Chawla Krina , Baker Evan , Attrill Erin L. , O’Neill Paul , Farbos Audrey , Jeffries Aaron , Galyov Edouard E. , Korbsrisate Sunee , Barnes Kay B. , Harding Sarah V. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Blaskovich Mark A. T. , Pagliara Stefano
Published: June 2024

The interactions between a virus and its host vary in space and time and are affected by the presence of molecules that alter the physiology of either the host or the virus. Determining the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these interactions is paramount for predicting the fate of bacterial and phage populations and for designing rational phage-antibiotic therapies. We study the interactions between stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis and the phage ΦBp-AMP1. Although heterogeneous genetic resistance to phage rapidly emerges in B. thailandensis, the presence of phage enhances the efficacy of three major antibiotic classes, the quinolones, the beta-lactams and the tetracyclines, but antagonizes tetrahydrofolate synthesis inhibitors. We discovered that enhanced antibiotic efficacy is facilitated by reduced antibiotic efflux in the presence of phage. This new phage-antibiotic therapy allows for eradication of stationary phase bacteria, whilst requiring reduced antibiotic concentrations, which is crucial for treating infections in sites where it is difficult to achieve high antibiotic concentrations.
Family of quadratic differential systems with invariant parabolas: a complete classification in the space

R

12
Authors: Vulpe Nicolae
Published: June 2024

Consider the class

Q
S

of all non-degenerate planar quadratic differential systems and its subclass

Q
S
P

of all its systems possessing an invariant parabola. This is an interesting family because on one side it is defined by an algebraic geometric property and on the other, it is a family where limit cycles occur. Note that each quadratic differential system can be identified with a point of

R

12

through its coefficients. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a system in

Q
S

to have at least one invariant parabola. We give the global “bifurcation” diagram of the family $

Q
S

which indicates where a parabola is present or absent and in case it is present, the diagram indicates how many parabolas there could be, their reciprocal position and what kind of singular points at infinity (simple or multiple) as well as their multiplicities are the points at infinity of the parabolas. The diagram is expressed in terms of affine invariant polynomials and it is done in the 12-dimensional space of parameters.
Conservative Party Members: Speaking of Membership
Authors:   , Ledgerwood Emmeline
Published: June 2024

Party membership is a key campaign resource for UK political parties but the later part of the twentieth century has seen a general trend of declining membership, particularly for the Conservative party. The Conservative party’s ability to draw on an extensive supply of voluntary workers has been a vital element in securing power and dominating British politics during the twentieth century. This dissertation explores the extent to which the fate of the Conservative party is bound to its ability to muster a large volunteer army. By talking to current members about their experiences of serving in the party ranks, this dissertation seeks to understand some of the changing patterns in Conservative membership and any consequent impact on the Conservatives’ place in the British political system.
Efficacy and safety of radioiodine therapy for 10 hyperthyroid cats: a retrospective case series study in South Korea
Authors: Chae Yeon , Lim Jae-Cheong , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kim Hakhyun , Kang Byeong-Teck
Published: June 2024

Hyperthyroidism, characterized by elevated thyroid hormone levels and thyroid gland hyperplasia or adenoma, is a prevalent endocrinopathy in older cats. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs, surgical thyroidectomy, and radioiodine therapy (RAIT), which is non-invasive treatment option that can achieve complete remission. However, efficacy and safety of RAIT in hyperthyroid cats have not been investigated in South Korea. This study includes 10 hyperthyroid cats with RAIT. Initial assessments comprised history, physical examination, blood analysis, and serum total T4 (tT4) concentration. Thyroid scintigraphy revealed hyperactivity and enlargement of thyroid gland at 24 hours before the RAIT. Radioiodine (RAI) was injected subcutaneously with 2 to 6 mCi, determined by the fixed dose or the scoring system based on severity of clinical signs, tT4 concentration, and thyroid size individually. After RAIT, the concentration of serum tT4 and liver enzymes were significantly decreased at discharge. However, no significant differences were noted in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, hematocrits, and white blood cell counts pre- and post-treatment. Although 4 cats received RAI twice, clinical signs disappeared and tT4 levels decreased following the RAIT. All 10 cats achieved complete remission after 6 months without critical adverse effect. The safety and the effectiveness of RAIT was confirmed based on protocols reported other countries. Therefore, RAIT could be considered the treatment option and prevent adverse effects from medication or surgery. This preliminary study presents the first evaluation of RAIT for hyperthyroid cats using locally produced RAI in South Korea and provide valuable insight for clinicians and further studies.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of pennation angle in canine tibialis cranialis muscle in South Korea: an observational study
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Hwang Tae Sung , Lee Hee Chun
Published: June 2024

In human, ultrasonography is used to measure the pennation angle in various muscles to identify muscle functions such as force production, and to study alterations of the pennation angle during muscle contraction, hypertrophy, and atrophy. However, assessments of the pennation angle have not yet been conducted in dogs. This study aims to assess the normal pennation angle of the tibialis cranialis muscle in dogs using ultrasound and to detect changes in this angle in dogs with muscular atrophy. Sixty-eight healthy dogs were examined to establish normal values, while 12 ataxic and 12 lame dogs with suspected hindlimb muscle atrophy were also included. The pennation angle was measured using ultrasound at the midpoint between the proximal end of the tibia and the malleolus, measuring the angle between the muscle bundle and the deep aponeurosis. To confirm the significance between the 5 breeds and to identify a difference between normal and atrophied muscles, statistical analysis was conducted. The study found no significant difference in pennation angle between breeds, with mean values (± standard deviation) of 4.97° (± 1.88) in neutral, 7.25° (± 2.68) in flexion, and 3.31° (± 1.33) in extension positions. Decrease of the pennation angle was identified in muscle atrophy and the flexion position was determined to be the most appropriate for pennation angle measurement of tibialis cranialis muscle. We recommend considering the pennation angle as a valuable indicator of muscle health in dogs, as it demonstrates significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring muscular conditions.
Deconstructing a Geology Field Trip to Reconstruct Around a Pedagogical Framework: A Case Study on the Integration of Cognitive Learning Theories and Learning Progressions.
Authors: Argyilan Erin , Huysken Kristin , Votaw Robert
Published: June 2024

Field-based education is an integral component of undergraduate geoscience curricula and provides educational and social benefits associated with enhanced learning. But field excursions can too often end up as simple show-and-tell events and fall short of implementing effective teaching practices and achieving desired student learning gains. Moreover, logistical and economic pressures tend to discourage or impede the inclusion of field-based activities in undergraduate geoscience programs, especially in commuter-based colleges and universities. This case study shares how a one-day field trip offered at a commuter-based undergraduate campus of Indiana University was deconstructed to identify content-specific learning outcomes, and then reconstructed to a unit-based learning progression. The site-specific geologic content focused on describing and correlating outcrops of Paleozoic sedimentary strata in the Starved Rock area of Illinois. Shifting from a single-day field trip to a multi-session learning progression focused on instructional scaffolding and emphasized formative assessments that integrate cognitive learning theories including retrieval practice, elaboration, spaced practice and dual coding.  Common practices of field geologists such as creating sketches of outcrops (dual-coding) were purposefully integrated as meaningful activities with opportunities for peer mentoring and reflection. Restructuring to a three-week unit included pre- and post-trip assessments to enable instructors to identify and address knowledge gaps and facilitate self-driven learning opportunities for students.
Determining the Essential Characteristics for Effective College Teaching
Authors: Eck Christopher , Robinson Jeremy , Cole Ki
Published: June 2024

Higher education institutions continually increase the demands on college instructors. Yet, all too often, many college instructors have had little to no preparation for teaching in higher education. What is needed is a comprehensive and clear list of characteristics expected of effective college teachers, both in-person and online, comprised by those who are focused on studying the subject matter deeply. To assess the characteristics deemed essential for college instructors to possess, a nationwide, modified Delphi technique was employed, eliciting opinions from an established panel of experts. At the conclusion of a three-round Delphi study, 46 of the 55 original items submitted by the panelists reached consensus of agreement. The 46 items were then categorized to establish six overarching themes associated with effective college teaching. The categorized themes and characteristics determined in the study of effective college teachers should be used as a comprehensive and clear list to provide college faculty with expectations of effective teaching. Additional research is needed to convert the items found in this study into an effective college teaching instrument. Such an instrument should be validated for use across academia as a starting point for the development, training, and support of future and current college teachers.
Facilitating the Research Writing Process with Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Campbell Laurie O. , Cox Thomas D.
Published: June 2024

In higher education, generative chatbots have infiltrated teaching and learning. Concerns about how and if to utilize chatbots in the classroom are at the forefront of scholarly discussion. This quick-hit article presents a plan to teach learners about generative AI writing tools and their ethical use for writing purposes. As generative AI tools continue to emerge, this guide can support instructors from all disciplines to engage learners in getting the most accurate information.
Una terza via. Il dialogo tra Rosminie Tocqueville verso una nuova politica
Authors: Salimbeni Filippo
Published: June 2024

Antonio Rosmini e Alexis de Tocqueville hanno contribuito, nell’orizzonte del pensiero politico del XIX secolo, alla configurazione di un nuovo modello di filosofia politica che crediamo conservi ancora oggi spunti di grande attualità. Il presente articolo assume come scopo quello di descrivere il dialogo ideale tra i due autori in modo da lasciar emergere quella che possiamo definire una terza via sorta davanti ai problemi sociali della discussione politica dell’ottocento , ossia una terza via tra le precedenti soluzioni della restaurazione cattolica da una parte e lo spirito rivoluzionario francese dall’altra. Il cammino ideale nasce dal rinvenimento di una comune antropologia dalla quale si giungerà a una definizione della società fondata a partire dal fine che maggiormente la contraddistingue, il bene del singolo. L’urgenza e attualità dei temi che permeano gli scritti di Rosmini e Tocqueville crediamo risieda nella messa in evidenza di pericoli e storture, che oggi dominano le nostre società, ma che i nostri autori sono stati in grado di individuare sul nascere, così come si stavano formando nella società occidentale del XIX secolo
El Museo Itinerante de la Memoria y la Identidad de los Montes de María (MIM): El Mochuelo como espacio heterotópico
Authors: Alarcón Sara , Lozano Suárez Luz María , Samudio Italia
Published: June 2024

El concepto heterotopía, definido por Michel Foucault como espacio otro, es retomado en este artículo, desde un enfoque crítico, para analizar los procesos de construcción, gestión y puesta en marcha del Museo Itinerante de la Memoria y la Identidad de Los Montes de María, El Mochuelo. Bajo la premisa de que el desarrollo de los procesos de memorialización debe atenderse más allá del cumplimiento normativo por parte del Estado, puesto que estas prácticas de memoria territoriales en El Mochuelo subvierten el estatismo y la homogeneidad con los cuales se instauran las verdades oficiales.
El control interno y los tiempos de control: previo, continuo y posterior. Una introspección a las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Torres Paredes María de los Ángeles
Published: June 2024

La doctrina expuesta representa la antesala que justifica la necesidad de implementar el control interno con enfoque de innovación hacia tecnologías modernas e inteligencia artificial no solo en el ámbito de la gestión organizacional, que abarca el control previo y continuo, sino en el ejercicio de la auditoría que representa el control posterior...
The SOFA Score and EWS: Is It Time for an Update?
Authors: Ritonga Marieta Joselien , Lubis Bastian , Hasan Refli , Barus Melvin Nova Gunawanto
Published: June 2024

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) functions as a structured environment dedicated to providing intensive medical attention to patients in critical condition, monitoring, and organ support to treat life-threatening organ failure. Sepsis occurs when the immune system reacts severely to infection, leading to damage to the body’s tissues and organs. Data from The Global Burden of Disease Sepsis Report estimates 48.9 million sepsis cases annually, with 11 million cases leading to death. Therefore, the early warning score (EWS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score systems have the potential to estimate the follow-up of patients treated in the ICU. Evaluation of prognosis based on SOFA and EWS scores is not yet confirmed for the medical state of individuals with sepsis.Objective: To determine the correlation of SOFA score and EWS by the duration of ICU stays for sepsis patients at Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan.Methods: This study used an analytical observational approach employing cross-sectional design. The method of gathering data relies on medical records and samples are collected through total sampling.Result:  On 64 patients diagnosed with sepsis and treated in the ICU of Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan are obtained employing the Spearman correlation test revealed a significant correlation between EWS length of time sepsis patients spend in the ICU (p=0.001). However, a lack of notable correlation was found between the SOFA score and length of time sepsis patients spend in the ICU (p=0.719).Conclusion:  No correlation exists between the SOFA score and the duration of stay among sepsis patients, whereas a correlation exists between EWS and duration of stay among sepsis patients.
Evaluation of morphophysiological characteristics of wheat genotypes in different foliar spraying treatments under normal conditions and salinity stress
Authors: Salmanpour Vahid , Sharafi Soran , Rezaei Mohammad , Khalili Marouf , Abbaspour Naser
Published: June 2024

Salt stress is one of the major factors that decreases wheat yield. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of K, SA, and GABA application on yield components, grain yield, and nutrient uptake in high-salinity in wheat genotypes. The research was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal as control, and salinity (8 dS/m) conditions. The main plots included foliar application with growth stimulants (K, SA, GABA, and control), and subplots encompassed seven wheat genotypes. The salinity caused a 49.95% decrease in grain yield compared to normal conditions. The Mihan genotype showed the highest grain yield when treated with potassium (10970.6 kg/ha), GABA (11370.1 kg/ha), and salicylic acid (10650.1 kg/ha) under non-stress conditions. Furthermore, under salinity conditions, the Mihan genotype sprayed with potassium (7036.1 kg/ha) and GABA (5070.1 kg/ha) produced the maximum grain yield. Foliar spraying with potassium and GABA in both conditions improved the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grains compared to control. Exposure to salt stress caused a decrease in iron (50.05%), copper (27.86%), and magnesium (18.86%) content in the seeds. Treatments with potassium and GABA in both conditions increased the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grain. The highest nitrogen and potassium content and lowest sodium content in leaves were observed in Mihan genotype sprayed with K. Therefore, foliar application of K and GABA can moderate the effects of salinity on wheat.
Malabar spinach potentiates cytotoxic activity through apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Hogale Mangesh Shrirang , Kariyil Bibu John , John Reni , Kunnel Priyanka Menon
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer, a highly diverse and invasive disease ranking second in cancer-related fatalities originates in the breast cells. It is the most common cancer among women worldwide and can also occur in men, albeit rarely. Hence, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research on cancer and explore nature-derived therapeutic interventions. The significance of plant-based medications lies in their natural compounds that offer diverse therapeutic benefits with potentially fewer side effects. Basella alba (Malabar Spinach), is a green leafy vegetable with documented properties of gastroprotective, ulcer-healing, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Consequently, we have selected this plant for an in-depth study to investigate its potential anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7cell lines. In the present in vitro anti-cancer study, the IC50 values for B. alba methanol extract (MBA) were 102.43 ± 9.29 ?g/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells and 113.26 ± 5.46 ?g/mL for MCF-7 cells. Cytological changes, including nuclear fragmentation, membrane blebbing, apoptotic bodies and chromatin condensation, were observed through acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual (AO/EB) staining. Additionally, Hoechst 33258 staining revealed bright blue fluorescent cells having apoptotic features such as nuclear fragmentation, marginalisation and condensed chromatin in extract-treated cells. Furthermore, MBA treatment induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in fluorescent green cells in both cell lines. The extract notably reduced Bcl-2 gene expression, with a more significant impact on MCF-7 cells. Western blotting confirmed a substantial downregulation in Bcl-2 levels for MBA-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, underscoring the anticancer potential of MBA, as observed in this study.
Rolnictwo rodzinne w prawie międzynarodowym
Authors: Srogosz Tomasz
Published: June 2024

Trzydzieści lat temu Profesor Aleksander Lichorowicz pisał o rolnictwie rodzinnym w dobie rozwijającego się agrobiznesu. Temat jest wciąż aktualny, zarówno z perspektywy prawa krajowego, unijnego, jak i międzynarodowego. W polskiej literaturze nie był on rozpatrywany z perspektywy prawnika internacjonalisty. W szczególności warto zadać pytanie o wpływ prawa narodów na krajową politykę wobec rolnictwa rodzinnego. W artykule podjęto analizę prawa i polityki rolnej WTO oraz ich wpływu na działalność instytucji z Bretton Woods i IFAD. Jednocześnie przedstawiono inicjatywy stojące w opozycji do koncepcji agrobiznesu promowanej w ramach WTO. Ważne jest określenie wpływu Via Campesina na rozwój miękkiego prawa pod auspicjami ONZ i FAO. Okazuje się, że rozwój miękkich instrumentów przyczynia się do wzrostu znaczenia rolnictwa rodzinnego na poziomie międzynarodowym, co niekoniecznie wiąże się z zerwaniem z kierunkiem forsowanym przez WTO. Remedium na ten stan rzeczy jest rozważenie opracowania międzynarodowego porozumienia w sprawie ochrony rolnictwa rodzinnego.
Przesłanki prawne zwolnienia nabycia własności gruntów rolnych z podatku od spadków i darowizn
Authors: Ofiarski Zbigniew
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to assess the premises justifying the exemption from inheritance and gift tax upon the acquisition of agricultural land. The hypothesis about the legislator's extra-fiscal motives determining the legal construction of the tax exemption has been positively verified as it should be so framed as to encourage taxpayers to maintain the current use of the acquired agricultural land. In particular, the subject of the analysis included issues related to the prerequisites for the application of this exemption. It has been shown that only land subject to the exemption is land acquired and forming part of an agricultural holding within the meaning of the tax legislation. The essence of the area limits included in the legal construction of the tax exemption promoting the creation of family farms has been interpreted, and reference has been made to the required period during which an agricultural holding should be run to constitute a condition for applying for the exemption and determining its amount as determined by the thresholds of de minimis aid in agriculture. In conclusion, the author states, inter alia, that only the cumulative fulfilment of all the conditions entitles the purchaser of agricultural land to the tax exemption.
Generation of molecular hydrogen (H2) by microalgae and their biocatalysts
Authors: Hemschemeier Anja , Happe Thomas
Published: June 2024

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a potent fuel and required for many industrial synthetic processes. To date, its large-scale production is highly energy-intensive and mostly based on fossil fuels. Biological H2 generation is widespread in nature and could alleviate many of the impacts associated with current H2 technologies. Several species of microalgae and cyanobacteria can produce H2 employing the process of photosynthesis, that is, they use light as the energy-source, and obtain the required electrons from water. Large-scale H2 production by algae requires specialized fermenters whose design needs expertise both in biology and process engineering. Cell-free or electrode systems employing the natural biocatalysts could be employed alternatively. Because H2 converting biocatalysts are specialized proteins mostly sensitive towards air, the implementation of cell-free systems on a large scale requires manufacturing and processing pipelines different from existing enzyme technologies.
On discrete inequalities for some classes of sequences
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: June 2024

For a given sequence

a
=

(

a

1

,

…

,

a

n

)

∈

R

n

a=\left({a}_{1},\ldots ,{a}_{n})\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

, our aim is to obtain an estimate of

E

n

≔

a

1

+

a

n

2

−

1

n

∑

i
=
1

n

a

i

{E}_{n}:= \left|\hspace{-0.33em},\frac{{a}_{1}+{a}_{n}}{2}-\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{a}_{i},\hspace{-0.33em}\right|

. Several classes of sequences are studied. For each class, an estimate of

E

n

{E}_{n}

is obtained. We also introduce the class of convex matrices, which is a discrete version of the class of convex functions on the coordinates. For this set of matrices, new discrete Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities are proved. Our obtained results are extensions of known results from the continuous case to the discrete case.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate monohydrate, C24H25FN4O10
Authors: Sun Yu-Yun , Gu Zhan-Ning , Jiang Cheng-Jun
Published: June 2024

C24H25FN4O10, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7217(3) Å, b = 9.9451(4) Å, c = 15.9291(6) Å, α = 101.741(1)∘, β = 98.762(1)∘, γ = 96.148(1)∘, V = 1171.56(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0389, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1162, T = 170 K.
Geometric parameters in the measurement of magnetic properties using toroidal specimen
Authors: Trnka Nikolaus , Werner Ralf
Published: June 2024

In this study, the derivation of the common formulas for calculating the field quantities of magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density from the physically measurable quantities current and induced voltage is shown in detail for toroidal shaped specimen. The simplifications of the inhomogeneous fields are described, which are based on equivalent geometric parameters and allow the use of the electrical measured quantities. While in the standards and literature no clear definitions of the equivalent geometric parameters are given, suggestions for these definitions are made. A review and comparison of various calculation rules from different standards for the equivalent geometric parameters is done. These calculation methods are further generalized in normalized form as a function of the diameter ratio of the toroidal specimen. Finally, the differences between the field quantities using the different methods of calculating the equivalent geometric parameters are analyzed.
d-Serine Inhibits Non-ionotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling
Authors: Barragan Eden V. , Anisimova Margarita , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Coblentz Azariah , Park Deborah K. , Salaka Raghava Jagadeesh , Nisan Atheer F. K. , Petshow Samuel , Dore Kim , Zito Karen , Gray John A.
Published: June 2024

NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are widely recognized as master regulators of synaptic plasticity, most notably for driving long-term changes in synapse size and strength that support learning. NMDARs are unique among neurotransmitter receptors in that they require binding of both neurotransmitter (glutamate) and co-agonist (e.g.,d-serine) to open the receptor channel, which leads to the influx of calcium ions that drive synaptic plasticity. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated that NMDARs also support synaptic plasticity via ion flux-independent (non-ionotropic) signaling upon the binding of glutamate in the absence of co-agonist, although conflicting results have led to significant controversy. Here, we hypothesized that a major source of contradictory results might be attributed to variable occupancy of the co-agonist binding site under different experimental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated co-agonist availability in acute hippocampal slices from mice of both sexes. We found that enzymatic scavenging of endogenous co-agonists enhanced the magnitude of long-term depression (LTD) induced by non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling in the presence of the NMDAR pore blocker MK801. Conversely, a saturating concentration ofd-serine completely inhibited LTD and spine shrinkage induced by glutamate binding in the presence of MK801 or Mg2+. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay in cultured neurons, we further found thatd-serine completely blocked NMDA-induced conformational movements of the GluN1 cytoplasmic domains in the presence of MK801. Our results support a model in whichd-serine availability serves to modulate NMDAR signaling and synaptic plasticity even when the NMDAR is blocked by magnesium.
Global Movie Magazine Networks
Authors: Conway Kelley
Published: June 2024

This groundbreaking collection of essays from leading film historians features original research on movie magazines published in China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Latin America, South Korea, the U.S., and beyond. Vital resources for the study of film history and culture, movie magazines are frequently cited as sources, but rarely centered as objects of study. Global Movie Magazine Networks does precisely that, revealing the hybridity, heterogeneity, and connectivity of movie magazines and the important role they play in the intercontinental exchange of information and ideas about cinema. Uniquely, the contributors in this book have developed their critical analysis alongside the collaborative work of building digital resources, facilitating the digitization of more than a dozen of these historic magazines on an open-access basis.
Pregled dužničkih kriza u Eurozoni - iskustva i pouke
Authors: Samodol Ante , Sosa Luka
Published: June 2024

Predmet ovoga rada je europska dužnička kriza koja se obično smješta u razdoblje 2008-2015. godine u kojem je nekoliko europskih zemalja doživjelo kolaps financijskih institucija, visok državni dug i velike razlike prinosa na državne obveznice. Cilj rada je prikazati uzroke nastanka financijskih kriza te načina rješavanja i izbjegavanja financijske zaraze i kolapsa eura. Smatra se da je dužnička kriza započela 2008. kolapsom islandskog bankarskog sustava, a zatim se 2009. prvenstveno proširila na Portugal, Italiju, Irsku, Grčku i Španjolsku, što je dovelo do popularnog relativno uvredljivog naziva (PIIGS). Rubne države članice Eurozone kao što su Grčka, Španjolska, Irska, Portugal i Cipar do kraja 2009. nisu mogle otplatiti niti refinancirati svoj državni dug.  Bankovni sustav je bio pred kolapsom, a pomoć financijskih institucija trećih strana kao što su Europsku središnju banku (ECB) ili  Međunarodni monetarni fond (MMF) bile su od presudnog značaja. Kriza je na kraju kontrolirana financijskim jamstvima europskih zemalja koje su se bojale kolapsa eura i financijske zaraze koja je posebno prijetila iz Grčke. Na osnovu takvog iskustva, u Eurozoni 2012. pokrenut je Europski stabilizacijski mehanizam (ESM) kao međuvladina organizacija država članica Eurozone  s misijom izbjegavanja i prevladavanja financijskih kriza te održavanje financijske stabilnosti. U konačnici, svemu se pridružila i ECB koja svojim nestandardnim mjerama monetarne politike od sredine 2014. kroz programe kupnje imovine (APP-Asset Prurchase Programmes) poglavito od javnog sektora (PSPP-Public Sector Purchase Programme) s ciljem podržavanja ukupnog gospodarskog rasta u okviru inflacije na ciljnoj razini od 2%. Ipak, inflatorni udar od početka 2022. u kombinaciji s energetskom krizom izgurali su u prvi plan pitanje porasta prinosa (kamata) na državni dug nasuprot niskih stopa gospodarskog rasta širom Eurozone. Svrha rada postiže se aktualiziranjem pitanja o održivosti postojećih modela upravljanja rizicima za očuvanje financijske stabilnosti te podizanjem svijesti o tome, naročito u kontekstu tzv. novih fiskalnih pravila EU-a u 2024. godini.
Understanding Environmental Transparency: A Study of Saudi Arabian Companies
Authors: Charchafa Ilyes , Kimouche Bilal
Published: June 2024

This study explores the determinants of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) practices among listed companies in Saudi Arabia through an integrated agency theory and legitimacy theory lens. Drawing from a sample of 87 non-financial firms over 2015-2019, the analysis examines how corporate governance attributes like board size, board independence, and audit committee independence, as well as firm-specific characteristics including size, leverage, and international diversification influence the extent of  environmental disclosure. The findings reveal positive associations between CED levels and factors such as larger firm size, greater international presence, and operations in environmentally-sensitive industries. Conversely, increased leverage and surprisingly, larger board sizes exhibited negative relationships with disclosure extent. Board independence and audit committee independence showed no significant impact. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first investigation within the Saudi context examining the effects of audit committee independence and internationalization on CED. With a comprehensive set of explanatory variables and 435 firm-year observations, a larger-scale analysis is enabled compared to prior Saudi studies. By adopting the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) environmental disclosure index, the study enhances comparability and precision in tracking CED trends over time. However, the study is limited by its reliance on annual report disclosures alone and the cross-sectional nature of the data. Future research could explore CED determinants through different theoretical lenses, such as stakeholder theory, institutional theory, and signaling theory, assess disclosure quality dimensions, and employ longitudinal panel analyses to provide further insights. The findings nonetheless underscore the need for stricter corporate governance regulations clarifying director independence criteria and sustainability reporting standards in Saudi Arabia to enhance transparency and environmental stewardship.
Liquidity score and bid-ask spread nexus: Empirical researchon exchange traded bonds
Authors: Ercegovac Roberto , Pivac Snježana , Vuković Marija
Published: June 2024

Recognition of the liquidity of financial assets is importance management and accounting requirement in holding of the bank or trade book of financial security position. Financial theory explains the securities prices bid-ask spread and market liquidity nexus. Market liquidity decreases inventory costs of market makers and reduces the spread value. After the 2007 global financial crisis, Bloomberg has developed a new comprehensive measure of liquidity, accepted by market professionals. Finding the liquidity score and bid-ask spread nexus is the base research objective of the paper. The research of the correlation between bid-ask spread and liquidity score value is done on the public listed fixed income securities on Euronext and London Stock Exchange. The significant negative relations exist only on high liquid debt securities, as well as non liquid securities. Researching results can be used in investing decisions strategies and in security portfolio classification under the International Financial Reporting Standards requirement.
Enforcement of Human Rights through Criminal Law Against Environmental Destruction Due to Batik Industry Activities
Authors: Fiqi Fansuri Rayhan , Matheus Juan
Published: June 2024

Water as one of the basic needs must be maintained both in quality and quantity. However, the occurrence of pollution in watersheds due to the influence of wastewater quality that exceeds the quality standard of wastewater can affect the carrying capacity of the environment around the river which has an impact on the violation of community rights to a good and healthy environment. One example of river water pollution occurred in the Bengawan Solo River due to the activities of the batik cloth industry in the Laweyan area. The pollution of the Bengawan Solo River is due to the lack of strict legal rules governing violations of waste water quality standards so that river water pollution is rampant and of course violates human rights for a clean and healthy environment. Currently, the article that regulates the violation of waste water quality standards is regulated in Article 100 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management. To suppress the occurrence of river water pollution which is a violation of human rights, strict rules are needed by applying the principle of primum remedium. The research method used in this paper is a normative juridical method by examining secondary data with a statutory approach, a case approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. For this reason, it is necessary to apply the principle of primum remedium to prevent river water pollution so that human rights for a good and healthy environment and obtain clean water can be enforced.
Restorative Justice against the Crimes of Murder based on Noodweer and Noodweer Exces
Authors: Aulia Sherliantie Devanie , Hadi Pura Margo , Fadlian Aryo
Published: June 2024

Cases of Noodweer and Noodweer Exces often occur in society, and it is often found that they are still can be a subject to criminal penalties. Article 49 of the Crime Code states that the Noodweer and Noodweer Exces are one of the reasons for the abolition of criminal penalties. Then, why are there still perpetrators of the crime of murder who carry out a Noodweer and Noodweer Exces can still be subject to criminal sanctions? Can this problem be solved through restorative justice? What is the judge's consideration in cases where the suspect commits a crime of murder and carries out an Noodweer and Noodweer Exces?. The presence of restorative justice as a new solution in resolving cases is one of the main keys in the process of resolving a criminal case that is fast, simple, and inexpensive. Based on article 49 of the Crime Code regarding the elimination of crimes against the perpetrators of the Noodweer and Noodweer Exces murders, Restorative Justice as a case settlement solution is expected to be applied in the Noodweer and Noodweer Exces cases in order to create an agreement on the settlement of a criminal case and obtain a fair and equitable outcome between the victim and the perpetrator.