bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity versus Magnetic Fields in Forming Molecular Clouds
Authors: Ibáñez-Mejía Juan C. , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Klessen Ralf S.
Published: February 2022

Magnetic fields are dynamically important in the diffuse interstellar medium. Understanding how gravitationally bound, star-forming clouds form requires modeling of the fields in a self-consistent, supernova-driven, turbulent, magnetized, stratified disk. We employ the FLASH magnetohydrodynamics code to follow the formation and early evolution of clouds with final masses of 3–8 × 103
M
⊙ within such a simulation. We use the code’s adaptive mesh refinement capabilities to concentrate numerical resolution in zoom-in regions covering single clouds, allowing us to investigate the detailed dynamics and field structure of individual self-gravitating clouds in a consistent background medium. Our goal is to test the hypothesis that dense clouds are dynamically evolving objects far from magnetohydrostatic equilibrium. We find that the cloud envelopes are magnetically supported with field lines parallel to density gradients and flow velocity, as indicated by the histogram of relative orientations and other statistical measures. In contrast, the dense cores of the clouds are gravitationally dominated, with gravitational energy exceeding internal, kinetic, or magnetic energy and accelerations due to gravity exceeding those due to magnetic or thermal pressure gradients. In these regions, field directions vary strongly, with a slight preference toward being perpendicular to density gradients, as shown by three-dimensional histograms of relative orientation.
The Extended Field-aligned Suprathermal Proton Beam and Long-lasting Trapped Energetic Particle Population Observed Upstream of a Transient Interplanetary Shock
Authors: Lario D. , Richardson I. G. , Wilson III L. B. , Berger L. , Jian L. K. , Trotta D.
Published: February 2022

The properties of the suprathermal particle distributions observed upstream of interplanetary shocks depend not only on the properties of the shocks but also on the transport conditions encountered by the particles as they propagate away from the shocks. The confinement of particles in close proximity to the shocks, as well as particle scattering processes during propagation to the spacecraft, lead to the common observation of upstream diffuse particle distributions. We present observations of a rare extended anisotropic low-energy (≲30 keV) proton beam together with a trapped ≳500 keV proton population observed in association with the arrival of an oblique interplanetary shock at the Advanced Composition Explorer, the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-8, and the Wind spacecraft on 2001 January 31. Continuous injection of particles by the traveling shock into a smooth radial magnetic field region formed in the tail of a modest high-speed solar wind stream produced an extended foreshock region of energetic particles. The absence of enhanced magnetic field fluctuations upstream of the shock results in the observation of a prolonged anisotropic field-aligned beam of ≲30 keV protons as well as a population of higher-energy (≳500 keV) protons with small pitch-angle cosine (μ ∼ 0) extending far from the shock.
A Simple Model for Mixing and Cooling in Cloud–Wind Interactions
Authors: Abruzzo Matthew W. , Bryan Greg L. , Fielding Drummond B.
Published: February 2022

We introduce a simple entropy-based formalism to characterize the role of mixing in pressure-balanced multiphase clouds and demonstrate example applications using enzo-e (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations. Under this formalism, the high-dimensional description of the system’s state at a given time is simplified to the joint distribution of mass over pressure (P) and entropy (K = P
ρ
−γ
). As a result, this approach provides a way to (empirically and analytically) quantify the impact of different initial conditions and sets of physics on the system evolution. We find that mixing predominantly alters the distribution along the K direction and illustrate how the formalism can be used to model mixing and cooling for fluid elements originating in the cloud. We further confirm and generalize a previously suggested criterion for cloud growth in the presence of radiative cooling and demonstrate that the shape of the cooling curve, particularly at the low-temperature end, can play an important role in controlling condensation. Moreover, we discuss the capacity of our approach to generalize such a criterion to apply to additional sets of physics and to build intuition for the impact of subtle higher-order effects not directly addressed by the criterion.
Quasi-matter Bounce Cosmology in Light of Planck
Authors: Arab Mohammad , Khorasani Mohsen
Published: February 2022

We study quasi-matter bounce cosmology in light of Planck cosmic microwave background angular anisotropy measurements along with the BICEP2/Keck Array data. We propose a new primordial scalar power spectrum by considering a linear approximation of the equation of state w ≅ w
0 + κ(η − η
0) for quasi-matter field in the contracting phase of the universe. Using this new primordial scalar power spectrum, we constrain the zeroth-order approximation of the equation of state w
0 = −0.00340 ± 0.00044 and first-order correction

10

4

ζ
=
−

1.67

−
0.83

+
1.50

at the 1σ confidence level by Planck temperature and polarization in combination with the BICEP2/Keck Array data in which ζ = 12κ/k
* with pivot scale k
*. The spectral index of scalar perturbations is determined to be n
Bs = 0.9623 ± 0.0055, which lies 7σ away from the scale-invariant primordial spectrum. We find scale dependency for n

s
at the 1σ confidence level and a tighter constraint on the running of the spectral index compared to ΛCDM+α

s
cosmology. The running of the spectral index in quasi-matter bounce cosmology is α
Bs = π
ζ/2c

s
= −0.0021 ± 0.0016, which is nonzero at the 1.3σ level, whereas in ΛCDM+α

s
it is nonzero at the 0.8σ level for Planck temperature and polarization data. The sound speed of density fluctuations of the quasi-matter field at the crossing time is

c

s

=

0.097

−
0.023

+
0.037

, which is not a very small value in the contracting phase.
Burton’s Curse: The Impact of Bulk Flows on the Galactic Longitude–Velocity Diagram and the Illusion of a Continuous Perseus Arm
Authors: Peek J. E. G. , Tchernyshyov Kirill , Miville-Deschenes Marc-Antoine
Published: February 2022

In this work, we demonstrate that the Perseus Arm is not a continuous structure of molecular gas in the second quadrant. We first show that the observed, distanced-resolved velocity structure of the Galaxy in the outer disk is capable of creating illusory spiral arms, as was first proposed by Burton. Second, we measure the distances to a collection of CO clouds at velocities consistent with the Perseus arm with 135° < l < 160°. We find these distances using 3D dust maps from Green et al. We determine that these molecular clouds do not preferentially lie at the distance of a purported Perseus arm but rather extend over 3 kpc in distance, with some evidence for a closer, high pitch angle structure between 1 and 1.5 kpc away. Finally, we demonstrate that velocity perturbations of the amplitude found near the Perseus arm can wreak havoc on our interpretation of the longitude–velocity diagram for more than half of the Milky Way disk.
Buildup of the Magnetic Flux Ropes in Homologous Solar Eruptions
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Ying D. , Yang Shangbin , Hu Huidong
Published: February 2022

Homologous coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are an interesting phenomenon, and it is possible to investigate the formation of CMEs by comparing multi-CMEs under a homologous physical condition. AR 11283 had been present on the solar surface for several days when a bipole emerged on 2011 September 4. Its positive polarity collided with the preexisting negative polarity belonging to a different bipole, producing recurrent solar activities along the polarity inversion line (PIL) between the colliding polarities, namely the so-called collisional PIL (cPIL). Our results show that a large amount of energy and helicity were built up in the form of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs), with recurrent release and accumulation processes. These MFRs were built up along the cPIL. A flux deficit method is adopted and shows that magnetic cancellation happens along the cPIL due to the collisional shearing scenario proposed by Chintzoglou et al. The total amount of canceled flux was ∼0.7 × 1021 Mx with an uncertainty of ∼13.2% within the confidence region of the 30° Sun-center distance. The canceled flux amounts to 24% of the total unsigned flux of the bipolar magnetic region. The results show that the magnetic fields beside the cPIL are very sheared, and the average shear angle is above 70° after the collision. The fast expansion of the twist kernels of the MFRs and the continuous eruptive activities are both driven by the collisional shearing process. These results are important for better understanding the buildup process of the MFRs associated with homologous solar eruptions.
The High Fraction of Thin Disk Galaxies Continues to Challenge ΛCDM Cosmology
Authors: Haslbauer Moritz , Banik Indranil , Kroupa Pavel , Wittenburg Nils , Javanmardi Behnam
Published: February 2022

Any viable cosmological framework has to match the observed proportion of early- and late-type galaxies. In this contribution, we focus on the distribution of galaxy morphological types in the standard model of cosmology (Lambda cold dark matter, ΛCDM). Using the latest state-of-the-art cosmological ΛCDM simulations known as Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, we calculate the intrinsic and sky-projected aspect ratio distribution of the stars in subhalos with stellar mass M
* > 1010
M
⊙ at redshift z = 0. There is a significant deficit of intrinsically thin disk galaxies, which however comprise most of the locally observed galaxy population. Consequently, the sky-projected aspect ratio distribution produced by these ΛCDM simulations disagrees with the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey at ≥12.52σ (TNG50-1) and ≥14.82σ (EAGLE50) confidence. The deficit of intrinsically thin galaxies could be due to a much less hierarchical merger-driven build-up of observed galaxies than is given by the ΛCDM framework. It might also arise from the implemented sub-grid models, or from the limited resolution of the above-mentioned hydrodynamical simulations. We estimate that an 85 times better mass resolution realization than TNG50-1 would reduce the tension with GAMA to the 5.58σ level. Finally, we show that galaxies with fewer major mergers have a somewhat thinner aspect ratio distribution. Given also the high expected frequency of minor mergers in ΛCDM, the problem may be due to minor mergers. In this case, the angular momentum problem could be alleviated in Milgromian dynamics because of a reduced merger frequency arising from the absence of dynamical friction between extended dark matter halos.
Social Nervous Exercise Intervention and Its Association with Fasting Blood Glucose on Diabetes Mellitus Gestational
Authors: Afifah Effatul , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Hadi Hamam , Sofro Zaenal Muttaqien , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been identified as a major complication of pregnancies and has remained a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, in both mother and child. Exercise can be used as a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during GDM. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM. Exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. The role of exercise about increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and minimizing hyperglycemia. Social nervous (SaSo) exercise is a moderate-intensity exercise intervention that plays a role in controlling blood glucose through autonomic nervous stimulation so that it has an effect on glucose homeostasis. Social nervous exercise can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves. The social nerve or the social nervous system is the vagus nerve nc-X which is supported by cranial nerves, namely, nerves V, VII, IX, and XI centered in the nucleus ambiguous.

AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the impact of a social nervous (SaSo) exercise training program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements), and cooling exercises on glucose homeostasis parameters in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.

METHODS: Thirty-seven pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation were allocated into two groups, thats the experimental group (n=19) with the SaSo program being regularly monitored and the control group (n=18) receiving only standard antenatal care for GDM. The Saso program started from the time diabetes was diagnosed until 6 weeks of intervention. Interventions were performed twice per week and sessions lasted 40–45 min.

RESULTS: The baseline results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, without differences in the baseline variables (p > 0.05). Social nervous exercise the experimental group significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on fasting blood glucose levels in late pregnancy.
Prediction of the Development of Depression in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Kamyshna Iryna , Pavlovych Larysa , Kamyshnyi Alexandr M.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism is frequently accompanied by depression symptoms, whereas depression is considered the most common mental disorder. AIM: It is crucial to analyze the associations of the brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism (rs6265), the VDR gene polymorphism (rs2228570), and the NMDA gene polymorphism (rs4880213) with the depression in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism in the Western Ukrainian population and predict the development of depressive disorders in these patients. METHODS: The study involved a total of 153 patients with various forms of thyroid pathology. BDNF levels in the sera of the patients and healthy individuals were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with highly sensitive Human BDNF ELISA Kit (Elabscience®, United States, Catalog No: E-EL-H0010) on E.I.A. Reader Sirio S (Seac, Italy). Genotyping of the VDR (rs2228570), BDNF (rs6265), and NMDA (rs4880213) gene polymorphism using TaqMan probes and TaqMan Genotyping Master Mix (4371355) on CFX96™Real-Time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., USA). PCR for TaqMan genotyping was carried out according to the kit instructions (Applied Biosystems, USA). We used the Student’s t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Chi-square test, ROC-analysis, odds ratio test, relative odds ratio test. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were computed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: When comparing the presence of depression on the Hamilton scale, statistically significant differences were found depending on BDNF gene polymorphism (rs6265) (p < 0.001), and non-statistically noticeable differences were detected depending on the VDR gene polymorphism (rs2228570) and NMDA gene polymorphism (rs4880213). Our study revealed a marked inverse connection between depression and BDNF levels (p < 0.001) and a reverse moderate correlation between depression and fT4 (p < 0.001) and 25-OH Vitamin D levels (p < 0.001). In addition, we identified a direct moderate correlation between pronounced levels of depression and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Indicators such as BDNF, TSH, fT4, anti-TPO, and 25-OH Vitamin D levels were found to be prognostically significant criteria for the risk of developing depression.
Organizing Quality and Healthy Election Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Election Health Protocol Policies and Neutrality of State Civil Servants
Authors: Sarjiyati Sarjiyati , Haryani Anik Tri , Sutrisno Bambang Heru
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The Indonesian government decided to keep organizing the Head of the Region Elections amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its organization is heavily questioned by the public, considering that such events may increase the chance of virus infection. The public also has concerns over the neutrality of the state civil apparatus.

METHODS: This is juridical normative research that uses literature review. This descriptive-qualitative research uses primary and secondary data sources. The data are collected using statute and literature approaches.

RESULTS: To answer the public’s concern on the pandemic, the government formulated health protocols in organizing the general election. Then, regarding the neutrality of the state civil apparatus, the government stated that the neutrality principle still applies. This research shows that many health protocols were violated by the General Election Commission, Polling Station Committee, and voters, thus increasing the number of COVID-19 infections at the election regions. The neutrality of public servant was violated by some of public servant but if the violation goes viral then would be sanctioned.

CONCLUSION: These violations are often not followed up according to the regulation, but the violators were only warned. Then, in the case of the neutrality of the state civil apparatus in the general elections, there is state civil apparatus who is not neutral in this event.
Factors Related to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Kim Younghyun , Lee Ji Yeon , Jeong Ina , Kim Junghyun , Kim Joohae , Han Jiyeon , Jeong Eunjin , Han Ah Yeon , Joh Joon-Sung , Park Jung-Duck
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims: Although the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis are decreasing in South Korea, the number of applications for financial assistance with the cost of tuberculosis treatment made by individuals from vulnerable groups was 3.8 times higher in 2019 compared to 2017 (Tuberculosis Relief Belt Project, 2019).Methods: We analyzed the data of patients who received financial aid for tuberculosis treatment (in the period 2014-2018) from the Tuberculosis Relief Belt Project, which was designed to assist vulnerable groups. This study analyzed 137 subjects, and the independent variables included patient factors (age, gender, nationality, tuberculosis type, number of comorbidities, and place of residence) and treatment type (outpatient or inpatient). The dependent variable was the treatment outcome.Results: The likelihood of treatment success was significantly lower for patients with one (odds ratio [OR] 0.202), two (OR 0.147), or three or more (OR 0.070) comorbidities compared to those with no comorbidities. This was also the case for patients living alone (OR 0.097), and for those classified as homeless (OR 0.053). Korean patients (OR 8.512) had a significantly higher probability of a successful treatment outcome than foreigners.Conclusions: Appropriate community-based management of individuals with tuberculosis from vulnerable groups, including foreigners, people with comorbidities, people living alone, and people with an unstable residential situation or homeless status, is important.
Treatment of CD19-Positive Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia with Blinatumomab
Authors: Park Young Hoon , Park Dong Jin
Published: February 2022

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) encompasses a rare group of acute leukemia with blasts expressing markers specific to several lineages, which accounts for 2-5% of all newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia. At present, patients with MPAL are treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-directed chemotherapy. However, the prognosis of MPAL, especially in cases of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, remains poor. Blinatumomab, a bispecific T cell-engaging antibody, has shown encouraging outcomes in R/R B cell ALL positive for CD19. Here, we report a patient with CD19+ MPAL who achieved complete remission after treatment with blinatumomab, which may be a therapeutic option for patients with relapsed CD19+ MPAL. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of MPAL treated with blinatumomab in Korea.
A Policy Perspective on the Entry into Practice Issue
Authors: Smith Timothy
Published: February 2022

It has been forty four years since the American Nurses Association (ANA) published its first position paper on entry into practice advocating that the baccalaureate degree be the minimum degree for entry into registered nurse practice. During that time period, only one state, North Dakota, was successful at getting the entry into practice proposal fully implemented, and even there it was rescinded in 2003. Although there has been much general discussion as to why the proposal initially failed, little has been written on this topic strictly from a policy perspective. This article begins with a brief history of nursing education leading up to the 1965 entry into practice paper (ANA 1965a). This is followed by a look at recent discussions and developments concerning the entry into practice proposal, an examination of the events surrounding the failure of the proposal in the original four focus states identified by the ANA for early implementation, and a discussion identifying possible reasons for the proposal’s initial failures. Encouragement and suggestions for present and future entry into practice supporters are provided.
Montrer des causes et des effets : visages et photographies
Authors: Wiesing Lambert
Published: February 2022

Montrer des émotions sur un visage ou montrer quelque chose par une photographie, est-ce identique ? Que signifie montrer ( das Zeigen ) ou faire voir ( sehen lassen ) ? La question engage une réflexion sur la nature de l’image photographique : en refusant de faire du cliché photographique (comme du visage) la trace ou l’index d’un quelque chose, l’auteur affirme importance du langage et de l’usage pour tout artefact, où l’équivalence linguistique du dissemblable devient un aspect nécessaire de la praxis qui vise à montrer du doigt.
La radicale « caméra-réalité » de Siegfried Kracauer
Authors: Maigné Carole
Published: February 2022

La « camera-réalité », néologisme qualifiant la nature du médium photographique, est un « objet théorique » qui interroge l’irruption de l’image photographique en philosophie. Siegfried Kracauer définit dans Théorie du film le réalisme propre à l’image photographique, en revisitant le concept d’affinité, dans une discussion serrée avec l’héritage kantien qu’il connaît parfaitement : il y va d’une redéfinition de l’expérience esthétique par l’enregistrement, entre déliaison et rédemption, le trait d’union entre caméra et réalité signant un effort conceptuel à notre avis remarquable.
Points de vue sur la jeunesse – Volume 1
Authors: Nico Magda
Published: February 2022

La situation exceptionnelle à laquelle la plupart des pays européens doivent faire face conduit légitimement les chercheurs en sciences sociales à se référer à d’autres épisodes historiques extraordinaires dans leur quête pour mieux comprendre le présent et l’avenir du phénomène social et de la population qui est la plus touchée par ce phénomène. Dans cet article, l’auteur soutient que la crise économique qui touche l’Europe, et plus particulièrement certains pays européens et les jeunes, est un moment extraordinairement opportun pour que les chercheurs dans le domaine de la jeunesse utilisent, adaptent et étudient la notion de « génération » et analysent et réexaminent les processus de changement social et leurs conséquences politiques et sociales pour les jeunes. En s’appuyant sur la spécificité d’un pays d’Europe du Sud – le Portugal – et sur son régime moins protecteur de transition des jeunes (Walther, 2006), sur les conséquences en termes d’emploi et de migration du contexte économique actuel, et sur certains des récents événements et déclarations politiques et politisés, le trio constitué par les tendances qui ressortent des études sur la jeunesse, les politiques de la jeunesse et la réalité sociale sera examiné. En ce sens, en prenant l’exemple d’une approche nationale (le Portugal, l’un des pays où la crise est la plus ressentie et où les effets sur les jeunes sont les plus importants et les plus préoccupants), cet article articule les tendances actuelles et les événements liés à la spécificité de cette réalité nationale avec, d’une part, des implications théoriques (y compris la réévaluation de notions telles que le changement générationnel, les différences de mentalité et les conflits entre générations), et, d’autre part, des implications politiques. Pour ce faire, l’auteur cite une littérature importante dans le domaine des études sur la jeunesse et de la sociologie de la jeunesse, des sources secondaires concernant les indicateurs actuels des flux d’émigration et des taux de chômage, ainsi que des études détaillées dans le domaine des transitions vers l’âge adulte. L’article propose une réflexion, plus qu’il n’apporte de réponses, sur ce qui est toujours un processus en cours.
Points de vue sur la jeunesse – Volume 1
Authors: Cuzzocrea Valentina
Published: February 2022

Cet article passe en revue la catégorie des NEET (ni étudiant, ni employé, ni en formation) en tant qu’instrument pour de futures analyses de transition des jeunes et la pleine intégration des jeunes dans la société. Dans un premier temps, cet article examine l’historique de la catégorie et son utilisation dans la politique européenne et les débats universitaires. Cette catégorie n’a pas seulement catalysé le travail des responsables politiques, elle constitue également un point de référence nécessaire pour réaliser des études dans le domaine de la jeunesse. Pourtant, jusqu’à présent, les experts ont peu contribué à l’analyse et à l’examen des problèmes conceptuels et des incohérences résultant de l’utilisation de cette catégorie. Cet article vise à combler les lacunes identifiées. Dans un deuxième temps, il soutient la nécessité de trouver une catégorie autour de laquelle pourraient naître des débats sur l’intégration des jeunes à travers l’Europe. Cependant, pour être retenue, cette catégorie doit présenter de l’intérêt, quel que soit le système de protection sociale dont dépendent les jeunes. A l’heure actuelle, on peut douter de l’utilité de la catégorie des NEET, au moins lorsque, par exemple, on compare la situation des jeunes qui vivent dans des pays où les citoyens bénéficient d’une aide de l’Etat, quel que soit leur statut relatif à l’emploi, et leur situation dans les pays dans lesquels cet élément est pris en considération ; leur situation n’est pas identique non plus dans les pays où les systèmes de formation facilitent une transition vers le monde du travail et ceux où ces systèmes sont inefficaces, pas plus que dans les pays où les marqueurs de l’âge adulte revêtent des significations culturelles très différentes. En ne tenant pas compte de ces différences, on pourrait mettre hâtivement « les gens dans des cases », risquer de brosser un tableau comparatif non représentatif des véritables besoins des jeunes et par conséquent élaborer des mesures inefficaces. Enfin, après avoir examiné ces aspects transversaux, la dernière partie de l’article s’attarde sur le cas de l’Italie, où les caractéristiques problématiques de la catégorie des NEET s’appliquent tout particulièrement, et envisage de futurs scénarios si ces préoccupations ne sont pas prises en considération dans les débats.
El aprendizaje en sistemas autónomos e inteligentes: visión general y sesgos de fuentes de datos
Authors: Jiménez Schlegl Pablo
Published: February 2022

Los sistemas autónomos e inteligentes (A/IS por sus siglas en inglés, en concordancia con el informe del IEEE sobre diseño alineado con la ética) pueden obtener sus conocimientos a través de diferentes procedimientos y de fuentes diversas. Los algoritmos de aprendizaje son neutros en principio, son más bien los datos con los que se alimentan durante el período de aprendizaje que pueden introducir sesgos o una orientación ética específica. El control humano sobre el proceso de aprendizaje es más directo en aprendizaje por demostración, donde las fuentes de datos están restringidas a las elecciones del demostrador (o profesor), pero incluso en las versiones no supervisadas del aprendizaje por refuerzo los sesgos están presentes a través de la definición de la función de recompensa. En este artículo proporcionamos una visión general de los paradigmas de aprendizaje de los sistemas artificiales: métodos supervisados y no supervisados, con los ejemplos más destacados de cada categoría, sin profundizar demasiado en el detalle técnico. Además describimos los tipos de fuentes de datos disponibles actualmente y su uso por la comunidad robótica. También enfatizamos el sesgo que se observa en bases de datos de imágenes y originados por anotación humana. Destacamos una investigación muy reciente sobre sesgo en navegación de robots sociales y finalizamos con una breve reflexión sobre influencia del ambiente sobre futuros robots que aprenden.
Inteligencia Artificial para el bien común (AI4SG): IA y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Monasterio Astobiza Aníbal
Published: February 2022

Frente a una narrativa distópica presente en los medios de comunicación y cultura popular que caracteriza el avance y desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial como una amenaza o riesgo existencial (e.g. desempleo tecnológico, sistemas de armas autónomas letales, robots asesinos, propaganda política computacional etc.) quiero valorar de manera crítica y constructiva el rol de la inteligencia artificial para el bien común (AI4SG). La tecnología digital también se puede aplicar para la solución de grandes problemas de la humanidad, como los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y sus 169 metas de la agenda 2030. En este artículo, comentaré distintos casos de uso y aplicación de la inteligencia artificial y la robótica encaminados a conseguir los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y qué principios éticos deben guiar su aplicación para que la inteligencia artificial consiga la ambiciosa agenda 2030. También comentaré el plan de acción de España y la estrategia nacional para cumplir la agenda 2030 y de qué manera incorpora las TIC.
Percepción de los estudiantes de Comunicación Social sobre la dicotomía ciencias/letras como marco de reflexión para incentivar la difusión de las ciencias
Authors: Meneses-Fernández María Dolores , Granja-González Silvia , Santana-Hernández Juana Dolores
Published: February 2022

El periodismo científico comparte hoy su función con otros emisores de mensajes. Se suma que es una opción profesional minoritaria. Para averiguar el origen de esta situación partimos de que las universidades españolas forman en una estructura académica dicotómica ciencias/letras, en la que los estudiantes de una rama de conocimiento reciben escasa formación sobre los conocimientos de las otras. Analizamos si esta organización académica influye en la percepción que los estudiantes de Comunicación Social tienen de las ciencias experimentales, de la naturaleza, de la salud, de las humanidades y sociales. Para ello encuestamos a estudiantes de Periodismo y de Comunicación Audiovisual utilizando un cuestionario impreso estructurado en preguntas abiertas, dicotómicas y en escala. Luego aplicamos estadística descriptiva a los datos obtenidos, lo que permitió comprobar que los futuros periodistas no solo ingresan en la carrera considerándose de letras, sino que avanzan en ella sin modificar esa autopercepción. Una conclusión es que urge replantear la formación imperante para abrirla a una concepción pedagógica inter y transdisciplinar integradora que mejore la presencia de las ciencias en la agenda informativa.
Révoltées : le corps dans l’œuvre de deux artistes colombiennes des années 70
Authors: Mejia  Adriana Pena
Published: February 2022

En prenant comme cas d’étude deux artistes avec lesquelles nous nous sommes entretenue, cet article vise à montrer les liens épisodiques et ambigus que les plasticiennes colombiennes entretenaient avec les idées féministes dans les années 1970. Cette période est charnière pour la Colombie à trois égards : le gouvernement opte pour la répression, les guérillas s’emparent des zones urbaines et les groupes féministes se répandent dans les principales villes du pays. Ces derniers n’ont pas d’impact significatif sur le milieu artistique local : en effet, la majorité des plasticiennes considèrent ces groupes comme trop radicaux. Au moment où ils émergent, le dessin est renouvelé, les artistes expérimentent des matériaux inédits et le corps prend de nouveaux sens. Dans un contexte de renaissance artistique et de libération sexuelle, la question du corps féminin envahit de plus en plus souvent la production artistique locale. Qu’elle soit posée par des militantes ou par des sceptiques, cette question et sa généralisation révèlent la portée des idées féministes.
A colonialidade de gênero e a invisibilidade da luta política das mulheres durante três ditaduras latino-americanas
Authors: Cristina Pereira Cleidi
Published: February 2022

A participação política das mulheres latino-americanas, como ocorreu com o protagonismo feminino em outras áreas do sociedade, também passou por um processo de apagamento. Este artigo resgata e compara as trajetórias dos movimentos feministas e femininos na Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai, que se transformaram em atores políticos ativos e decisivos durante o processo de redemocratização. O trabalho busca ainda compreender a relação entre a invisibilidade da atuação política das mulheres durante os governos militares nestes países e a colonialidade de gênero, a partir das contribuições dos feminismos decolonial e africano.
A voz dissonante de Lélia Gonzalez e o feminismo negro no Brasil
Authors:  Reis Fernandes Ana Carolina dos
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as contribuições de Lélia González no que toca a construção do feminismo negro no Brasil na segunda metade do século XX, tanto na produção de saberes quanto na prática militante, buscando romper com os paradigmas de pensamento advindos de uma matriz colonial de poder ainda presentes em nossa sociedade. Conforme suas análises, devido à história de nossa colonização, a mulher negra enfrentaria um triplo processo de discriminação, envolvendo as categorias raça e gênero e os problemas derivados da luta de classes. Neste sentido, a autora defende uma questão relevante e urgente a ser pontuada pelo movimento de mulheres: qual é o lugar da mulher negra em nossa sociedade?
Referência invisibilizada Maria Odília Teiceira, Leodegária de Jesus e Adélia Sampaio
Authors: Santos Souza Fabiana , de Oliveira Hellen Stephanye Rosa ,  de Sousa Josileide Veras
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo é constituído por biografias de mulheres negras de três diferentes áreas de atuação, sendo elas Maria Odília Teixeira, Leodegária de Jesus e Adélia Sampaio. Mulheres essas que são pioneiras em suas respectivas áreas e que, apesar de suas numerosas contribuições, sofreram processo de racismo epistêmico, uma estratégia racista de invisibilizar e negligenciar conhecimento produzido por pessoas negras. Visamos colaborar para que a pluriversalidade de saberes e epistemologias sejam reconhecidas. Possibilitando assim a construção de novos mundos, novas perspectivas de conhecimento e o mais urgente, que é a coexistência de especialistas em diversos assuntos, sendo mulheres negras juntamente com homens negros, mulheres brancas e homens brancos.
Determining the Residual Stresses in High-Chromium Cast Iron Plasma Coatings
Authors: Zverev Egor A. , Skeeba Vadim , Ivancivsky Vladimir , Vakhrushev Nikita V. , Titova Kristina A. , Lobanov Dmitry , Martyushev Nikita V.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of the plasma spraying modes effect on the level of residual stresses in coatings. The analysis of experimental data has shown that the sign of residual stresses is not changed in the spraying process. The magnitude of the tensile stresses mainly depends on the temperature of samples heating, the biggest influence being that of plasma torch current arc. An increase in the current leads to an increase in the substrate temperature, which is explained by the increase in the thermal power of the plasma jet. An increase in the flow rate of the plasma-forming gas leads to a decrease in the temperature of the samples, since the heat content of the plasma decreases. An increase in the spraying distance has a similar effect, and its increase leads to a decrease in the substrate temperature. We obtained the functional dependence of the residual stress level on the plasma spraying modes.
Features of Construction Cluster Placement in Syunik Province of Ra (Example of Meghri Region)
Authors: Babayan Lilit , Monnot Der-Mesropian Suzanne
Published: February 2022

Earthen construction, as an architectural heritage, need to be studied and preserved. The analysis of the construction system’s clusters of Syunik region of the Republic of Armenia allows developing a model of restoration in the unified system and adaptation to the new requirements of the time. Documentation of the current condition of the preserved earthen structures in the Syunik region, analysis of the mechanisms of construction features. The study of the international experience of the earth structures makes it possible to propose ways for the implementation of the earthen structures typical of the region with new technology.
Effect of Electrotransport on Concentration Distribution in Melts Formed by Contact Melting
Authors: Bagov A.M. , Khasanov A.I. , Zubkhadzhiev M-A. V.
Published: February 2022

Electric current has a significant effect on the transfer of matter in liquid layers that grow during contact melting. Depending on the direction of the current, both an increase and a decrease in the rate of contact melting can be observed. In this case, the growth of liquid interlayers does not obey the well-known parabolic law, in contrast to the usual (current-less) contact melting in a nonstationary diffusion mode and other diffusion processes. The paper considers the question of the influence of direct electric current on the concentration distribution in the melt formed during contact melting, as well as on the process of movement of interphase boundaries. A solution is obtained for the diffusion equation for a liquid layer growing in the process of contact melting in the presence of a constant electric current in the system. It is shown that the concentration distribution curves and their gradients for the two modes of the process under consideration (accelerating and decelerating) will have a rather different form, while the movement of the interphase boundaries occurs according to a complex law.
Surface Modification Techniques for Steel Components Working in Wear and Corrosion Conditions
Authors: Petrova L.G. , Demin Petr
Published: February 2022

The process of electrolyte plasma nitriding is presented consisting in surface saturation of steels in low-temperature hydrostatic glow-discharged plasma generated in nitrogen containing liquid electrolyte. The method can be applied for strengthening of small machine parts made of carbon steels or of low-alloyed steels for increase wear and corrosion resistant of components working in corrosive and wear conditions (moisture, humidity, sand, etc.). Processes of steels surface strengthening by nitriding in low-temperature electrolyte plasma are combined with their surface alloying by a metal element (chromium, aluminum, vanadium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, and niobium) and also by combination of metals. Microstructure and phase composition of diffusion layers are examined; results of wear and corrosion tests are discussed.
Using the Method of Measuring the Microhardness of Different Zones of Welded Joints to Assess the Strength Properties
Authors: Kostina V.S. , Kostina M.V. , Muradyan Sarkis , Timokhin Viktor M.
Published: February 2022

Corrosion-resistant steels with a high nitrogen content are used as structural materials for high-load critical products. Their high strength and ductility, austenite stability, corrosion and wear resistance are highly relevant for parts and structures operating in marine environments. In addition to a high level of operational properties, they are subject to the requirement of manufacturability, including weldability. Welding of such steels, due to the high concentration of nitrogen, is a complex technological operation, and it is necessary to avoid the appearance of gas nitrogen pores, hot cracks, a sharp drop in mechanical properties in any zones of welded joint. In this work, we investigated the regularities of changes in microhardness in different zones of welded joints (base metal, heat-affected zone of the weld, fusion zone and weld metal) of two grades of austenitic Cr-Ni-Mn-Mo-N high-strength steels with a high equilibrium nitrogen content (up to 0.6%). They fundamentally differ in the structural state of the base metal being welded: deformed (hot-rolled sheet) and cast (metal of a heat-treated cast plate). It has been shown that despite the use of different welding methods (MIG, MMA and TIG), the options for welding fillers and the type of weld groove, there are general patterns for each of the two types of base metal. The work also evaluated the correlation between these regularities and such basic characteristics of the structure and properties of rolled and cast metal of welded joints, such as the grain size and values ​​of the yield stress.
Thermal Properties of Zn5al and Zn55al Alloys with II a Group Elements
Authors: Nizomov Z. , Avezov Z.I. , Saidov R.Kh. , Mirzoev F.M. , Akramov M.B.
Published: February 2022

For the first time, the time dependences of the temperature of aluminum, zinc and zinc-aluminum alloys alloyed with II A group elements under spontaneous cooling mode were obtained; an anomalous course and two characteristic times of the cooling process were found, and their mechanism was explained; the temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties of the investigated metals and alloys was established; the temperature dependence of the coefficients of convective heat transfer and radiation of Al, Zn and Zn55Al and Zn5Al alloys was experimentally determined; the influence of the concentration of II A group elements and temperature on the heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of Zn55Al and Zn5Al alloys was revealed.
Cast High-Strength Wear- and Corrosion-Resistant Austenitic Nitrogen Steel for Fittings Used in Shipbuilding
Authors: Muradyan Sarkis , Kostina M.V. , Kostina V.S. , Rigina Ludmila , Timokhin Viktor M.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of a new cast high-strength austenitic corrosion-resistant steel, which can be successfully used in shipbuilding for the manufacture of fittings. The authors included data on the structural-phase state of steel, the results of evaluating the mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of the metal of castings in the cast and heat-treated state. The mechanical properties of steel are considered in detail in a wide temperature range. The impact strength was considered at low temperatures and static strength at 20 to 350 ° C. It is shown that steel has higher mechanical and corrosive properties in a wide temperature range than those of traditional stainless steels. The corrosion resistance of steel is considered. This is intergranular and pitting corrosion; the main types of corrosion are peculiar for shipbuilding. It has been shown that cast steel is superior to traditional corrosion-resistant steels in pitting corrosion resistance estimated by the pitting coefficient PREN and the critical temperature of pitting. The new cast steel has the same wear resistance as Hadfield steel.
Epoxy Compositions Modified with Ammonium Polyphosphate and Boric Acid
Authors: Shuklin Sergey G. , Makarova Lyudmila , Eremina Marina
Published: February 2022

In this work, we investigated polymer compositions based on epoxy resin cured with polyethylene polyamine and containing ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid as a blowing agent and carbonization stimulator. The UL 94 method was used to determine the ability of a material to burn or extinguish after flame treatment. We determined the ability of the material to burn or extinguish when exposed to a gas burner. Weight loss at characteristic temperatures was determined using a Perkin Elmer STA8000 synchronous DTA / TGA analyzer. The dependence of heat capacity on temperature was determined (calorimeter ITS-400). It has been shown that in modified compositions containing ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid, the heat capacity changes without significant jumps, which is due to a quieter flow of gas formation. The structure of intumescent coatings was studied using atomic force microscopy. The study was carried out on a P4-Solver device NT-MTD. Tests of the samples have shown that the addition of boric acid makes it possible to obtain a more ordered structure of the coke foam, an increase in the heat capacity of intumescent coatings.
Properties of a Composite Cement Binder Using Fuel Ashes
Authors: Strokova V.V. , Markova I.Yu , Markov A.Yu. , Stepanenko M.A. , Nerovnaya S.V. , Bondarenko D.O. , Botsman L.H.
Published: February 2022

The paper provides a comparative assessment of using four types of fuel ashes from different types of coal combustion as additives to replace part of the cement in producing a composite binder. The authors assessed the effectiveness of the additives by cement dough properties (water-binder ratio, normal density, initial setting) and the strength of the binder at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days of hardening. The ashes are ranked according to their efficiency in the structure of composite binder in the following sequence: acid ash from Reftinskaya power plant → acid ash from Novotroitskaya power plant → basic ash from Nazarovskaya power plant → acid ash from Troitskaya power plant. The research revealed that the most effective mineral additives were basic ash from the Nazarovskaya power plant and acid ash from the Troitskaya power plant. Their use reduced the amount of cement by 15% and 25% respectively, while reducing the strength by no more than 3%.
La ricerca della verità
Authors: Bausola Adriano
Published: February 2022

E' oggi diffusa la convinzione che non sia possibile raggiungere verità metafisiche assolute. Il corollario di questa convinzione è quello della impossibilità di raggiungere verità oggettive anche in campo etico. L'articolo mostra le connessioni di queste convinzioni con il nichilismo, sia quello estremo (Nietzsche) sia quello "moderato" e si impegna a far vedere che tale nichilismo è di diritto e di fatto impossibile.