bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subnotificação de acidentes com perfurocortantes na enfermagem
Authors: Reducino Dedora Regina , Felippe Silvia David , Lima Marisa Ferreira da Silva
Published: March 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as ocorrências de subnotificação de acidente perfurocortante entre trabalhadores de enfermagem no Hospital Geral de Vila Penteado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, foi utilizado questionário contendo 9 perguntas fechadas e 2 abertas, relacionadas aos dados de conhecimento sobre acidente de trabalho, notificação e subnotificação. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem apresentam desconhecimento sobre o fluxograma de notificação de acidente de trabalho e com a implantação de programas de educação continuada com elaboração de treinamentos e esclarecimento sobre a importância da notificação de acidente de trabalho trará mudanças benéficas para os trabalhadores.Descritores: Acidente de Trabalho, Exposição Ocupacional, Risco Biológico. Occurrence of sub notifications of needle sticks injurie in nursingAbstract: The aim of this research was to identify the occurrence of sub-notifications of needle sticks injuries among nursing professionals at the Vila Penteado General Hospital. This is an exploratory field research with quantitative approach. It was used a questionnaire containing nine closed questions and two opened related to knowledge data about work related accident notifications and sub-notifications. We could conclude that nursing professionals have no knowledge about the flowchart of the notification of work related accident and, with the implementation of Continued Education Program in the elaboration and clarifications on the importance of the notification of work related accident, will bring beneficial changes to professionals.Descriptors: Accident, Occupational Exposure, Biohazard. Subnotificación de acidentes com perfurocortantes en enfermeríaResumen: El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los casos de subnotificación de accidentes de perforación de corte entre el personal de enfermería en el Hospital General de Vila Penteado. Se trata de una investigación de campo exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo se utilizó el cuestionario contiene 9 preguntas cerradas y 2 abiertas, los datos relacionados con el conocimiento sobre los informes de accidente de trabajo y de información. Se concluye que la ignorancia personal de enfermería presente en el organigrama de la notificación de un accidente de trabajo y con la implementación de programas de educación continua mediante la formación y desarrollo de la idea de la importancia de la comunicación de accidentes en el trabajo traerá cambios beneficiosos para los trabajadores.Descriptores: Accidente de Trabajo, Exposición Ocupacional, Riesgos Biológico.
Las esferas de lo humano
Authors: Misseri Lucas E.
Published: March 2017

EDITORIAL: Las esferas de lo humano
François DOSSE. Castoriadis, une vie. París: Ediciones La Découverte. 2014.
Authors: REDONDO RAFAEL MIRANDA
Published: March 2017

François DOSSE. Castoriadis, une vie. París:Ediciones La Découverte. 2014.RAFAEL
VIRTUDES JUDICIALES Y EMPATÍA
Authors: Samamé Luciana
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo examino en sus rasgos característicos una tentativa muy reciente:la de incorporar centralmente el concepto de empatía en conexión con el dejusticia para pensar las prácticas de los magistrados. Para ello reconstruyo lasposiciones de dos referentes contemporáneos sobre la materia, Michael Slote yJohn Deigh, y muestro porqué sus planteos no resultan del todo satisfactorios. Esasí que propongo a la perspectiva aristotélica como una vía de análisismayormente fructífera, dado que consigue afrontar con mejor éxito las objecionesa las que una posición vindicatoria de la empatía está expuesta. Por lo demás,estos desarrollos se dan en el marco de una promisoria línea de análisis enfilosofía jurídica: la llamada Virtue Jurisprudence, a la que también me referiréen este trabajo.
LA PRESENCIA DE LA SUBJETIVIDAD EN LA METAÉTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA
Authors: Lariguet Guilhermo
Published: March 2017

En este breve trabajo intento mostrarcuál es la presencia que ha tenido lacuestión de la subjetividad en lametaética contemporánea. Sugieroque la misma ha experimentadodistintas fases desde Ayer hastaautores como Blackburn o Gibbard.
LA TEORÍA SCHOPENHAUERIANA DE LA VISIÓN: EN EL PARÁGRAFO 21 DE LA CUÁDRUPLE RAÍZ DEL PRINCIPIO DE RAZÓN SUFICIENTE
Authors: Guarino Juan Ignacio
Published: March 2017

En el presente trabajo me ocuparé de presentar los rasgos generales de la teoríaschopenhaueriana de la visión mediante una exégesis del parágrafo 21 de  La cuádruple raízdel principio de razón suficiente  , el cual se titula “Aprioridad del concepto de causalidad;intelectualidad del conocimiento empírico; la inteligencia”. El rol de dicha teoría en tal parágrafoes el de argumentar a favor del carácter intelectual del conocimiento empírico, es decir, de lapercepción del mundo exterior. La argumentación schopenhaueriana pretende mostrar eldesatino de las teorías de la visión de su época, las cuales se centran en la sensibilidadhaciendo caso omiso de las operaciones espontáneas de la inteligencia para construir la visiónempírica, consciente. Sin embargo, por cuestiones de extensión y conveniencia, el presentetrabajo se centrará en la presentación de la teoría schopenhaueriana más que en las críticas alas teorías no intelectuales de la visión. Para poder comprender la teoría schopenhaueriana dela visión es necesario comprender su fisiología trascendental de la percepción, puesto que lavisión no es más que un caso concreto de ésta. Me ocupare entonces de exponer breve yconcisamente la teoría schopenhaueriana fisiológica-trascendental de la percepción.
La renovación como estrategia para la continuidad
Authors: Misseri Lucas E.
Published: March 2017

La renovación como estrategia para la continuidadLic. Lucas Emmanuel MisseriEditor en jefe
Filosofía zombi
Authors: Aldegani Emilliano
Published: March 2017

FERNÁNDEZ GONZALO, Jorge. Filosofía zombi. Primeraedición. Barcelona. Anagrama. 2011. ISBN: 978-84-339-6325-3.-
FLAX, Javier. Política científica. “Interdisciplina y Derechos Humanos”. Buenos Aires, Editorial Biblos, 2014, pp. 209, ISBN 978-987-691-249-5.
Authors: Misseri Dr. Lucas E.
Published: March 2017

FLAX, Javier. Política científica. “Interdisciplina y Derechos Humanos”. Buenos Aires, Editorial Biblos,  2014, pp. 209, ISBN 978-987-691-249-5.
Long-term administration of bisphosphonate to reduce local recurrence of sacral giant cell tumor after nerve-sparing surgery
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Yu , Wang Jing , Yang Xinghai , Liu Weibo , Zhou Wang , Liu Tielong , Xiao Jianru
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term bisphosphonate treatment on reducing local recurrence of sacral giant cell tumors (GCTs) after nerve-sparing surgery.

METHODS

Thirty-five consecutive patients with sacral GCTs who received treatment in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital between January 2000 and December 2010 were included in this study. Between January 2007 and December 2010, 19 patients received bisphosphonates following nerve-sparing surgery. Before January 2007, 16 patients received nerve-sparing surgery alone, and these cases were included as the control group. The difference in clinical data between the groups was compared by Student's t-test and 2-tailed chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between the groups by log-rank test. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

All of the patients had relatively good nerve function. The clinical data were homogeneous between the groups. The local recurrence rate was 10.53% (2 of 19) in the bisphosphonate treatment group and 43.75% (7 of 16) in the control group. The log-rank test showed that the 3-year RFS and 3-year OS in the bisphosphonate treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (RFS 89.5% vs 56.3%, p = 0.04; OS 100% vs 81.3%, p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The long-term use of bisphosphonates after nerve-sparing surgery is a viable option for the treatment of sacral GCTs. This approach could reduce local recurrences while preserving nerve function.
Dual-labeling with 5–aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein for fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade gliomas: technical note
Authors: Suero Molina Eric , Wölfer Johannes , Ewelt Christian , Ehrhardt André , Brokinkel Benjamin , Stummer Walter
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Fluorescence guidance with 5–aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) helps improve resections of malignant gliomas. However, one limitation is the low intensity of blue light for background illumination. Fluorescein has recently been reintroduced into neurosurgery, and novel microscope systems are available for visualizing this fluorochrome, which highlights all perfused tissues but has limited selectivity for tumor detection. Here, the authors investigate a combination of both fluorochromes: 5-ALA for distinguishing tumor and fluorescein for providing tissue fluorescence of adjacent brain tissue.

METHODS

The authors evaluated 6 patients who harbored cerebral lesions suggestive of high-grade glioma. Patients received 5-ALA (20 mg/kg) orally 4 hours before induction of anesthesia. Low-dose fluorescein (3 mg/kg intravenous) was injected immediately after anesthesia induction. Pentero microscopes (equipped either with Yellow 560 or Blue 400 filters) were used to visualize fluorescence. To simultaneously visualize both fluorochromes, the Yellow 560 module was combined with external blue light illumination (D-light C System).

RESULTS

Fluorescein-induced fluorescence created a useful background for protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence, which appeared orange to red, surrounded by greenly fluorescent normal brain and edematous tissue. Green brain-tissue fluorescence was helpful in augmenting background. Levels of blue illumination that were too strong obscured PPIX fluorescence. Unspecific extravasation of fluorescein was noted at resection margins, which did not interfere with PPIX fluorescence detection.

CONCLUSIONS

Dual labeling with both PPIX and fluorescein fluorescence is feasible and gives superior background information during fluorescence-guided resections. The authors believe that this technique carries potential as a next step in fluorescence-guided resections if it is completely integrated into the surgical microscope.
Impact of preoperative diagnosis on patient satisfaction following lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Crawford Charles H. , Carreon Leah Y. , Bydon Mohamad , Asher Anthony L. , Glassman Steven D.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Patient satisfaction is a commonly used metric in the current health care environment. While factors that affect patient satisfaction following spine surgery are complex, the authors of this study hypothesized that specific diagnostic groups of patients are more likely to be satisfied after spine surgery and that this is reflected in patient-reported outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to determine if the preoperative diagnosis—disc herniation, stenosis, spondylolisthesis, adjacent segment degeneration, or mechanical disc collapse—would impact patient satisfaction following surgery.

METHODS

Patients enrolled in the Quality Outcomes Database, formerly known as the National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD), completed patient-reported outcome measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for back pain (NRS-BP) and leg pain (NRS-LP) preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. Patients were stratified by diagnosis and by their response to the satisfaction question: 1) surgery met my expectations; 2) I did not improve as much as I hoped, but I would undergo the same operation for the same results; 3) surgery helped, but I would not undergo the same operation for the same results; or 4) I am the same or worse as compared with before surgery.

RESULTS

A greater proportion of patients with primary disc herniation or spondylolisthesis reported that surgery met expectations (66% and 67%, respectively), followed by recurrent disc herniation and stenosis (59% and 60%, respectively). A smaller proportion of patients who underwent surgery for adjacent segment degeneration or mechanical disc collapse had their expectations met (48% and 41%, respectively). The percentage of patients that would undergo the same surgery again, by diagnostic group, was as follows: disc herniation 88%, recurrent disc herniation 79%, spondylolisthesis 86%, stenosis 82%, adjacent segment disease 75%, and mechanical collapse 73%. Regardless of diagnosis, mean improvement and ultimate 1-year postoperative ODI, NRS-BP, and NRS-LP reflected patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative diagnosis was predictive of patient satisfaction following spine surgery. The mean change in and 1-year ODI, NRS-BP, and NRS-LP reflected patient satisfaction regardless of preoperative diagnosis.
Vein of Galen malformation treated with the Micro Vascular Plug system: case report
Authors: Joo Woojin , Mercier Philippe , Kheradmand Shiva , Shirani Peyman , Sarhan Ahmed , Elbabaa Samer K. , Edgell Randall C.
Published: March 2017

This case report describes the use of the Micro Vascular Plug (MVP) system in a mural-type vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, resulting in successful occlusion of the cerebrovascular fistula. This result was confirmed with immediate cessation in blood flow and 6-month follow-up angiography. The unique characteristics of the MVP provide potential advantages over current embolic techniques for occlusion of high-flow, fistulous, intracranial vessels such as those seen in the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, and may represent a valuable addition to the currently available options.
Long-term endocrine outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts
Authors: Lee Ji Yeoun , Lee Young Ah , Jung Hae Woon , Chong Sangjoon , Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki , Shin Choong-Ho , Wang Kyu-Chang
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Due to their distinct location, suprasellar arachnoid cysts are known to cause a wide variety of problems, such as hydrocephalus, endocrine symptoms, and visual abnormalities. The long-term outcome of these cysts has not been elucidated. To find out the long-term outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts, a retrospective review of the patients was performed. The neurological and endocrine symptoms were thoroughly reviewed.

METHODS

Forty-five patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts, with an average follow-up duration of 9.7 years, were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive review was performed of the results of follow-up regarding not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine status. The outcomes of 8 patients who did not undergo operations and were asymptomatic or had symptoms unrelated to the cyst were included in the series.

RESULTS

Surgery was most effective for the symptoms related to hydrocephalus (improvement in 32 of 32), but endocrine symptoms persisted after surgery (4 of 4) and required further medical management. More surprisingly, a fairly large number of patients (14 of 40; 1 was excluded because no pre- or postoperative endocrine evaluation was available) who had not shown endocrine symptoms at the time of the initial diagnosis and treatment later developed endocrine abnormalities such as precocious puberty and growth hormone deficiency. The patients with endocrine symptoms detected during the follow-up included those in both the operated (n = 12 of 32) and nonoperated (n = 2 of 8) groups who had been stable during follow-up since the initial diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

This study implies that patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts can develop late endocrine problems during follow-up, even if other symptoms related to the cyst have been successfully treated. Hence, patients with these cysts need long-term follow-up for not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine abnormalities.
Ordoliberalism, Pragmatism and The Eurozone Crisis: How the German Tradition Shaped Economic Policy in Europe
Authors: Feld Lars P. , Köhler Ekkehard A. , Nientiedt Daniel
Published: March 2017

German policy during the Eurozone crisis supposedly follows an ordoliberal tradition. In this paper, we discuss to what extent this contention holds and to what extent Germany pragmatically responded to different crisis phenomena. A proper analysis of ordoliberal thinking reveals that European Monetary Union can be justified on ordoliberal grounds as an economic constitution for Europe in which several pillars supposedly aim at ensuring sound money in the Eurozone. The policies the German government pushed during the Eurozone crisis have been informed by the ordoliberal tradition. In particular, this tradition may explain why the German government has been hesitant to support the call for Eurobonds and has only reluctantly established the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). However, the decisions on the ESM and the acceptance of unconventional monetary policy in Europe show that German economic policy largely responded pragmatically to the challenges offered by the crisis.
Strategy analysis for cloud storage reliability management based on game theory
Authors: Lin Chung-Yi , Tzeng Wen-Guey
Published: March 2017

In cloud storage reliability management, a conflict occurs between the cloud storage provider (CSP) and users. The CSP considers the storage overhead as it adopts a replication mechanism to achieve data reliability. Users incur an auditing cost for verifying CSP’s reliability through remote data integrity checking. Both the CSP and users would like to spend a lower cost on the data reliability management. However, if one side decides to reduce his cost, such as, reducing stored copies for each datum, the data reliability would become lower. The opposite side would face a conflict that he has to increase his cost on the data reliability, such as, increasing auditing frequency. These conflicting situations may lead to an unsatisfied state of the data reliability if users and CSP arbitrarily make decisions according their own preferences. In this paper, we describe a game-theoretic analysis to design optimal strategies for users and the CSP. We present two cases of the user-CSP game: the strategic game and Bayesian game. We determine the Nash Equilibrium (NE) and Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE) to get stable solutions for these games.

In the numerical study, we use the pricing strategy adopted by Amazon S3 to explain our analysis. We analyze the effect of the parameter setting with replica number n, data sensitive level, and punishment on the NE and BNE. Our results show that if a user wants to store important data in the CSP, he should choose the [Formula: see text] strategy for [Formula: see text] in the mild punishment and [Formula: see text] in the severe punishment. According to these results, a user can determine whether to pay for auditing by the pricing tags, and the CSP can formulate appropriate policies for reliability of storage.
The influence of Task-Related Training combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on paretic upper limb muscle activation in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Jung Kyoungsim , Jung Jinhwa , In Taesung , Kim Taehoon , Cho Hwi-young
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy of Task-Related Training (TRT) Combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on the improvement of upper limb muscle activation in chronic stroke survivors with mild or moderate paresis.

METHODS: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 46stroke survivors with chronic paresis. They were randomly allocated two groups: the TRT+TENS group ( n = 23) and the TRT+ placebo TENS (TRT+PLBO) group ( n = 23). The TRT+TENS group received 30 minutes of high-frequency TENS on wrist and elbow extensors, while the TRT+PLBO group received placebo TENS that was not real ES. Both groups did 30 minutes of TRT after TENS application. Intervention was given five days a week for four weeks. The primary outcomes of upper limb muscle activation were measured by integrated EMG (IEMG), a digital manual muscle tester for muscle strength, active range of motion (AROM) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE). The measurements were performed before and after the 4 weeks intervention period.

RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements of outcomes in IEMG, AROM, muscle strength and FMA-UE during intervention period. When compared with the TRT+PLBO group, the TRT+TENS group showed significantly greater improvement in muscle activation (wrist extensors, P = 0.045; elbow extensors, P = 0.004), muscle strength (wrist extensors, P = 0.044; elbow extensors, P = 0.012), AROM (wrist extension, P = 0.042; elbow extensors, P = 0.040) and FMA-UE (total, P < 0.001; shoulder/elbow/forearm, P = 0.001; wrist, P = 0.002; coordination, P = 0.008) at the end of intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that TRT Combined with TENS can improve paretic muscle activity in upper limb paresis, highlighting the benefits of somatosensory stimulation from TENS.
The Legal Epistemology of Qur'anic Variants: The Readings of Ibn Masʿūd in Kufanfiqhand the Ḥanafīmadhhab
Authors: Harvey Ramon
Published: March 2017

The companion Ibn Masʿūd (d. 32/652–653) has long been recognised for the variance of his Qur'anic qirāʾa (‘reading’, or ‘recitation’) from the canonical ʿUthmānī codex. His reading continued to enjoy popularity for at least a century within Kufa, the place of origin for much of the Ḥanafī madhhab's jurisprudential corpus. This article analyses Masʿūdian variants with legal implications in the doctrine of the early jurist Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī (d. 96/715), the seminal writings ascribed to Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī (d. 189/805), as well as the furūʿ and uṣūl works of key Ḥanafī figures from the fourth/tenth and fifth/eleventh centuries: al-Jaṣṣāṣ (d. 370/981), al-Qudūrī (d. 428/1036–1037) and al-Sarakhsī (d. 483/1090). Close study of these figures’ use of Masʿūdian variants indicates that while their non-canonicity demanded a compelling solution, their quasi-Qur'anic status presented opportunities within the arena of juristic debate. Furthermore, the manner in which they were ultimately accommodated within the practical and theoretical toolkit of the Ḥanafī school illustrates broader developments in its epistemology of revelation, abrogation and transmission.
Lot's Offer of His Daughters to His People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part Two)
Authors: Al-Dawsarī ʿĀʾiḍ B. Saʿd
Published: March 2017

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offering of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two Books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episode in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two Books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways that Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures.

This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two Books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Torah accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.
À propos du Comma Johanneum
Authors: Augrain Charles
Published: March 2017

L’auteur, en exégète qui a enseigné et traduit des textes bibliques, rouvre le dossier d’une querelle concernant le comma johanneum, c’est-à-dire la phrase d’une épître johannique où sont nommées les trois personnes de la Trinité. Érasme, constatant son absence dans les meilleurs manuscrits et chez des Pères, l’omit dans son édition du Nouveau Testament grec. Devant la levée de boucliers et le soupçon d’arianisme, il l’inséra à partir de 1521. L’auteur remonte à Valla, pionnier de la critique textuelle, et descend jusqu’au 20e siècle, où l’accord est réalisé contre l’authenticité du comma.
Le millénariste Daniel Brenius (1594-1664) et le socinianisme
Authors: Trapman Johannes
Published: March 2017

Le collégiant néerlandais Daniel de Breen (Brenius, 1594-1664) appartenait à ces gens que Leszek Kolakowski appelait “chrétiens sans Église.” Selon lui, des chrétiens parfaits ne devraient pas occuper de poste au gouvernement, bien que ce soit pardonnable chez les moins parfaits. Brenius est connu principalement pour son millénarisme (Tractatus de regno ecclesiae glorioso, 1657). Non seulement il était lié à des Sociniens tels que Martinus Ruarus, mais il était lui-même Socinien: cela se voit dans ses “brèves annotations sur l’Ancien et le Nouveau Testament” (1664), spécialement dans son exégèse du Prologue à l’Évangile de S. Jean, où il conteste clairement la préexistence du Logos et le dogme de l’Incarnation.
L’édition critique de More: Rétrospective sur huit lustres (1958-1998)
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: March 2017

Cette rétrospective, personnalisée comme un témoignage, évoque surtout les débuts du More Project, que Louis Martz lança en 1958 en vue d’une édition de The Complete Works of St. Thomas More, à publier par les Presses Universitaires de Yale. L’auteur recourt à la correspondance pour évoquer des pionniers aujourd’hui défunts, et notamment le premier Executive Editor, Richard S. Sylvester, mort en 1978. Il souligne les liens qui, dès l’origine, unirent le centre américain de l’édition avec le centre angevin de recherche et de diffusion; il suggère que Moreana publie chaque année les Addenda & Corrigenda de chaque tome. Il esquisse un parallèle entre Sylvester et son successeur, Clarence Miller, qui dirigea l’entreprise jusqu’à la parution du dernier volume (1997).
A Study on the Optimal Actuation Structure Design of a Direct Needle-Driven Piezo Injector for a CRDi Engine
Authors: Han Sangik , Kim Juhwan , Lee Jinwook
Published: March 2017

Recently, the high-pressure fuel injection performance of common-rail direct injection (CRDi) engines has become more important, due to the need to improve the multi-injection strategy. A multiple injection strategy provides better emission and fuel economy characteristics than a normal single injection scheme. The CRDi engine performance changes with the type of high-pressure electro-mechanical injector that is used and its injection response in a multi-injection scheme. In this study, a direct needle-driven piezo injector (DPI) was investigated, to optimize its actuation components, including the plate length, number of springs, and the elasticity of the spring between the injector needle and the piezo stack. Three prototype DPIs were proposed by this research. They were classified as Type 1, 2, and 3, depending on whether the injector needle was hydraulic or mechanical. Then, the optimal prototype was determined by conducting four evaluation experiments analyzing the maximum injection pressure, injection rate, spray visualization, and real engine combustion application. As a result, it was found that the Type 3 DPI prototype, with several pan-springs and plates, had the highest injection pressure, a steady injection rate, and the fastest spray speed. It also demonstrated the most effective emission reduction for a two-stage rapid spray injection in a single-cylinder CRDi engine. The Type 3 DPI displays an increased elasticity from its hydraulic needle that provides a synergy effect for improving DPI actuation.
Disability and Psychiatric Symptoms in Men Referred for Treatment with Work-Related Problems to Primary Mental Health Care
Authors: Bailey S. , Mushquash Christopher , Haggarty John
Published: March 2017

The relationship between male sex and employment as barriers to accessing mental health care is unclear. The aim of this research was to examine (1) whether the clinical features of men referred to a shared mental health care (SMHC) service through primary care differed when symptoms were affecting them in the work domain; and (2) empirically re-evaluate the effectiveness of a SMHC model for work-related disability using a pre-post chart review of N = 3960 referrals to SMHC. ANOVA and logistic regression were performed to examine symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ) and disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS 2) at entry and discharge. Men were RR (relative risk) = 1.8 (95% C.I.: 1.60–2.05) times more likely to be referred to SMHC with work problems than women. Having greater disability and more severe somatic symptoms increased the likelihood of a work-related referral. There were no significant differences after treatment. Problems in the work domain may play an important role in men’s treatment seeking and clinicians’ recognition of a mental health care need. This study is relevant because men are underrepresented in mental health (MH) treatment and primary care is the main gateway to accessing MH care. Asking men about functioning in the work domain may increase access to helpful psychiatric services.
Geographical Correlations between Indoor Radon Concentration and Risks of Lung Cancer, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Leukemia during 1999–2008 in Korea
Authors: Ha Mina , Hwang Seung-sik , Kang Sungchan , Park No-Wook , Chang Byung-Uck , Kim Yongjae
Published: March 2017

Indoor radon is the second most important risk factor for lung cancer and may also be a risk factor for hematopoietic cancers, particularly in children and adolescents. The present study measured indoor radon concentration nationwide at 5553 points during 1989–2009 and spatially interpolated using lognormal kriging. The incidences of lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and leukemia, stratified by sex and five-year age groups in each of the 234 administrative regions in the country during 1999–2008, were obtained from the National Cancer Registry and used to calculate the standardized incidence ratios. After considering regional deprivation index values and smoking rates by sex in each region as confounding variables, the cancer risks were estimated based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling. We found that a 10 Bq/m3 increase in indoor radon concentration was associated with a 1% increase in the incidence of lung cancer in male and a 7% increase in NHL in female children and adolescents in Korea aged less than 20 years. Leukemia was not associated with indoor radon concentration. The increase in NHL risk among young women requires confirmation in future studies, and the radon control program should consider children and adolescents.
The Mechanical Strength of Si Foams in the Mushy Zone during Solidification of Al–Si Alloys
Authors: Lim Jeon Taik , Youn Ji Won , Seo Seok Yong , Kim Ki Young , Kim Suk Jun
Published: March 2017

The mechanical strength of an Al-30% Si alloy in the mushy zone was estimated by using a novel centrifugation apparatus. In the apparatus, the alloy melt was partially solidified, forming a porous structure made of primary Si platelets (Si foam) while cooling. Subsequently, pressure generated by centrifugal force pushed the liquid phase out of the foam. The estimated mechanical strength of the Si foam in the temperature range 850–993 K was very low (62 kPa to 81 kPa). This is about two orders of magnitude lower than the mechanical strength at room temperature as measured by compressive tests. When the centrifugal stress was higher than the mechanical strength of the foam, the foam fractured, and the primary Si crystallites were extracted along with the Al-rich melt. Therefore, to maximize the centrifugal separation efficiency of the Al-30% Si alloy, the centrifugal stress should be in the range of 62–81 kPa.
Neutral Low-Dimensional Assemblies of a Mn(III) Schiff Base Complex and Octacyanotungstate(V): Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Majcher Anna M. , Pilet Guillaume , Mironov Vladimir S. , Vostrikova Kira E.
Published: March 2017

Two novel low-dimensional molecular magnetic materials were prepared by the self-assembly of 3d- and 5d-metal complexes. These are the first neutral heterobimetallic cyanobridged compounds involving one anisotropic Mn(III) Schiff base complex and one octacyanotungstate(V) per molecular unit. A slow diffusion of the constituents’ solutions leads to the formation of the 0D crystalline complex 1, due to coordination of a water molecule to the Mn center, which prevents polymer formation. A rapid mixing of reagents results in the precipitation of the microcrystalline powder of complex 2, which based on the totality of experimental data, possesses a 1D polymeric structure. The magnetic studies have shown that antiferromagnetic exchange interactions prevail in 1 (J/kB = −13.1(7) K, D = −3.0(1.3) K, zJ' = −0.16(20) K and gav = 2.00(1)); while the presence of the significant intramolecular Mn(III)–W(V) ferromagnetic coupling through cyanide bridge is characteristic for 2 (J/kB = 46.1(5) K, gMn = 2.11(3), fixed gW = 2.0). Due to the weak interchain interactions, zJ′/kB = −0.8(2) K, and compound 2 is a metamagnet with the Néel temperature of 9.5 K undergoing a spin-flip transition at 2 kOe. The slow magnetization dynamics of 2 were investigated at a DC field of 0 and 2 kOe, giving the values of τ0 32(15) and 36(15) ps, respectively, well within the range typical for single-chain magnets (SCMs). The respective ∆τ/kB values were 48.4(1.2) and 44.9(1.0) K.
Metal-Based PSMA Radioligands
Authors: Gourni Eleni , Henriksen Gjermund
Published: March 2017

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies for which great progress has been made in identifying appropriate molecular targets that would enable efficient in vivo targeting for imaging and therapy. The type II integral membrane protein, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate cancer cells in proportion to the stage and grade of the tumor progression, especially in androgen-independent, advanced and metastatic disease, rendering it a promising diagnostic and/or therapeutic target. From the perspective of nuclear medicine, PSMA-based radioligands may significantly impact the management of patients who suffer from prostate cancer. For that purpose, chelating-based PSMA-specific ligands have been labeled with various diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiometals for single-photon-emission tomography (SPECT), positron-emission-tomography (PET), radionuclide targeted therapy as well as intraoperative applications. This review focuses on the development and further applications of metal-based PSMA radioligands.
Computational Characterization of ncRNA Fragments in Various Tissues of the Brassica rapa Plant
Authors: Byeon Boseon , Bilichak Andriy , Kovalchuk Igor
Published: March 2017

Recently, a novel type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), known as ncRNA fragments or ncRFs, has been characterised in various organisms, including plants. The biogenesis mechanism, function and abundance of ncRFs stemming from various ncRNAs are poorly understood, especially in plants. In this work, we have computationally analysed the composition of ncRNAs and the fragments that derive from them in various tissues of Brassica rapa plants, including leaves, meristem tissue, pollen, unfertilized and fertilized ova, embryo and endosperm. Detailed analysis of transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments (tRFs), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments (rRFs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) fragments (snoRFs) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) fragments (snRFs) showed a predominance of tRFs, with the 26 nucleotides (nt) fraction being the largest. Mapping ncRF reads to full-length mature ncRNAs showed a strong bias for one or both termini. tRFs mapped predominantly to the 5′ end, whereas snRFs mapped to the 3′ end, suggesting that there may be specific biogenesis and retention mechanisms. In the case of tRFs, specific isoacceptors were enriched, including tRNAGly(UCC) and tRFAsp(GUC). The analysis showed that the processing of 26-nt tRF5′ occurred by cleavage at the last unpaired nucleotide of the loop between the D arm and the anticodon arm. Further support for the functionality of ncRFs comes from the analysis of binding between ncRFs and their potential targets. A higher average percentage of binding at the first half of fragments was observed, with the highest percentage being at 2–6 nt. To summarise, our analysis showed that ncRFs in B. rapa are abundantly produced in a tissue-specific manner, with bias toward a terminus, the bias toward the size of generated fragments and the bias toward the targeting of specific biological processes.
A Holistic Sustainability Assessment Method for Urban Food System Governance
Authors: Landert Jan , Schader Christian , Moschitz Heidrun , Stolze Matthias
Published: March 2017

A growing number of people live in cities. Urban food systems and their impacts on ecosystems and socio-economic conditions are becoming increasingly important. To address the challenge of making urban food systems more sustainable, a rising number of assessments of urban food systems have been published. Some used large quantitative datasets while others were descriptive in nature and/or do not address the whole thematic spectrum of sustainability. In this study, an indicator set was developed, which uses widely available data to address all dimensions of sustainability. The indicators focus on policies and measures of public administration and local politics and are based on the guidelines for Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). To operationalize the SAFA-Guidelines, we developed, in a participatory process, a multi-criteria assessment method with 97 indicators for evaluating 51 of the 58 SAFA subthemes, which were deemed relevant for the context of an urban food system. The first application of this method in the city of Basel, Switzerland, revealed concrete areas of improvement relating to the sustainability of the food system. In combination with cost-effectives analysis, stakeholder consultation, and monitoring measures, the results of the assessment method can be used to initiate the process of moving towards more sustainable urban food systems.
Survey on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxins in Professionally Exposed Workers
Authors: Ferri Fulvio , Brera Carlo , De Santis Barbara , Fedrizzi Giorgio , Bacci Tiziana , Bedogni Lorena , Capanni Sauro , Collini Giorgia , Crespi Enrica , Debegnach Francesca , Ferdenzi Patrizia , Gargano Angelo , Gattei Daniela , Luberto Ferdinando , Magnani Ines , Magnani Massimo , Mancuso Pamela , Menotta Simonetta , Mozzanica Stefania , Olmi Milva , Ombrini Giuseppe , Sala Orietta , Soricelli Sabina , Vicentini Massimo , Giorgi Rossi Paolo
Published: March 2017

Feed mill workers may handle or process maize contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs). This condition may lead to an unacceptable intake of toxins deriving from occupational exposure. This study assessed the serological and urinary levels of AFs in workers exposed to potentially contaminated dusts in two mills. From March to April 2014, blood and urine samples were collected, on Monday and Friday morning of the same working week from 29 exposed workers and 30 non-exposed controls. AFs (M1, G2, G1, B1, B2) and aflatoxicol (AFOH) A were analyzed. Each subject filled in a questionnaire to evaluate potential food-borne exposures to mycotoxins. AFs contamination in environmental dust was measured in both plants. No serum sample was found to be positive. Seventy four percent of urine samples (73.7%) revealed AFM1 presence. AFM1 mean concentration was 0.035 and 0.027 ng/mL in exposed and non-exposed workers, respectively (p = 0.432); the concentration was slightly higher in Friday’s than in Monday’s samples, in exposed workers, 0.040 versus (vs.) 0.031 and non-exposed controls (0.030 vs. 0.024, p = 0.437). Environmental AFs contamination ranged from 7.2 to 125.4 µg/kg. The findings of this study reveal the presence of higher AFs concentration in exposed workers than in non-exposed controls, although these differences are to be considered consistent with random fluctuations.
Transplantation of Cultured Olfactory Bulb Cells Prevents Abnormal Sensory Responses during Recovery from Dorsal Root Avulsion in the Rat
Authors: Collins Andrew , Li Daqing , Mcmahon Stephen B. , Raisman Geoffrey , Li Ying
Published: March 2017

The central branches of the C7 and C8 dorsal roots were avulsed close to their entry point into the spinal cord in adult rats. The forepaw responses to heat and cold stimuli were tested at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injury. Over this period, the paws were sensitive to both stimuli at 1-2 weeks and returned toward normal at 3 weeks. Immunohistology showed no evidence of axonal regeneration into the spinal cord in a control group of rats with avulsion only, implying that adjacent dorsal roots and their corresponding dermatomes were involved in the recovery. In a further group of rats, a mixture of bulbar olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts were transplanted into the gap between the avulsed roots and the spinal cord at the time of avulsion. These rats showed no evidence of either loss of sensation or exaggerated responses to stimuli at any of the time points from 1 to 3 weeks. Immunohistology showed that the transplanted cells formed a complete bridge, and the central branches of the dorsal root fibers had regenerated into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These regenerating axons, including Tuj1 and CGRP immunoreactive fibers, were ensheathed by the olfactory ensheathing cells. This confirms our previous demonstration of central regeneration by these transplants and suggests that such transplants may provide a useful means to prevent the development of abnormal sensations such as allodynia after spinal root lesions.
Clinical Value of Capecitabine-Based Combination Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Guanling , Guo Zhaoze , Liu Minfeng , Yao Guangyu , Dong Jianyu , Guo Jingyun , Ye Changsheng
Published: March 2017

Capecitabine has consistently demonstrated high efficacy and acceptable tolerability in salvage chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. However, there remains no consensus on its role in adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (EBC). To estimate the value of capecitabine-based
combination adjuvant treatment in EBC, eight randomized controlled trials with 14,072 participants were analyzed. The efficacy and safety outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), relapse, breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and grades 3‐5 adverse events.
Capecitabine-based combination adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated a 16% increase in BCSS (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71‐0.98, p = 0.03) in the overall analysis and a 22% improvement in DFS (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64‐0.96,
p = 0.02) in the hormone receptor-negative (HR−) subgroup. However, there were no significant differences in DFS (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.89‐1.05, p = 0.38), OS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82‐1.00,
p = 0.06), or relapse between capecitabine-based and capecitabine-free combination adjuvant chemotherapy. Analogous results were observed in the subgroup analyses of HR+, HER2−, HER2+, and triple-negative EBC. Regarding safety, reduced
myelosuppression and hand‐foot syndrome development were observed in capecitabine-treated patients. Capecitabine-based combination adjuvant chemotherapy might provide some BCSS benefit compared with capecitabine-free regimens in EBC, but the absolute survival gain is small, and the
survival benefit appears to be restricted to patients with HR− EBC, which may indicate a target population for capecitabine-based combination adjuvant chemotherapy.
Targeting CD47 Enhances the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 in an Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Preclinical Model
Authors: Tao Hua , Qian Pudong , Wang Feijiang , Yu Hongliang , Guo Yesong
Published: March 2017

Esophageal squamous cell cancer is a highly aggressive cancer with a dismal 5-year survival rate. CD47 is a cell transmembrane protein that is involved in cell apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and antigen presentation in the immune system. By interacting with signal regulatory
protein-α expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), CD47 acts as an antiphagocytic mechanism to inhibit APC-dependent antigen presentation. Overexpression of CD47 was found in various types of cancer. However, its role in esophageal squamous cell cancer is not yet clear. Anti-CD47
is an antagonist of CD47 signaling pathways by competing with its ligand. In the current study, we investigated the effects of anti-CD47 treatment on the antitumor immune response in an esophageal squamous cell cancer preclinical model. We found that anti-CD47 treatment enhanced proinflammatory
responses and increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumor tissue in the animal model. T cells in anti-CD47-treated tumors showed higher PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression, indicating T-cell activation and the rationale of combining anti-CD47 with anti-PD-1 and CLTA-4. The combinatory treatment
showed the best antitumor response, implying a novel treatment strategy. The effects of anti-CD47 depended on dendritic cell function. In patient samples, expression of CD47 was negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients. Taken
together, CD47 might be a novel target to enhance anti-PD-1 and CLTA-4 efficacy in esophageal squamous cell cancer.
Widening of Protostellar Outflows: An Infrared Outflow Survey in Low-luminosity Objects
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Lai Shih-Ping , Belloche Arnaud
Published: March 2017

We present an outflow survey toward 20 low-luminosity objects (LLOs), namely, protostars with an internal luminosity lower than 0.2

. Although a number of studies have reported the properties of individual LLOs, the reasons for their low luminosity remain uncertain. To answer this question, we need to know the evolutionary status of LLOs. Protostellar outflows are found to widen as their parent cores evolve, and therefore the outflow opening angle could be used as an evolutionary indicator. The infrared scattered light escapes out through the outflow cavity and highlights the cavity wall, giving us the opportunity to measure the outflow opening angle. Using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, we detected outflows toward eight LLOs out of 20 at Ks
band, and based on archival Spitzer IRAC1 images, we added four outflow-driving sources from the remaining 12 sources. By fitting these images with radiative transfer models, we derive the outflow opening angles and inclination angles. To study the widening of outflow cavities, we compare our sample with the young stellar objects from Arce & Sargent and Velusamy et al. in a plot of opening angle versus bolometric temperature taken as an evolutionary indicator. Our LLO targets match well the trend of increasing opening angle with bolometric temperature reported by Arce & Sargent and are broadly consistent with that reported by Velusamy et al., suggesting that the opening angle could be a good evolutionary indicator for LLOs. Accordingly, we conclude that at least 40% of the outflow-driving LLOs in our sample are young Class 0 objects.