bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agrarian landscape ecological regional assignment of middle Volga
Authors: Chursin A I , Nartova E A , Chebotarev P M , Melentyev A A
Published: February 2022

Based on modern data of environmental information, an assessment of agricultural landscape ecological state in Middle Volga was made, the state of which is unsatisfactory, this is due to assessments of land prevailing types ecological state in natural agricultural zones: in broad-leaved forest zone, the crisis-stressed state of agricultural landscape is distinctive(including arable land - heavy, natural forage lands - intense-heavy, forest - from intense to crisis; radioactive contamination - up to 10% of zone territory); - in the forest-steppe zone, a crisis-stressed state is distinctive (including arable land - stressed-heavy, - stressed, forest - crisis; radioactive contamination - up to 2 - 3% of zone territory); natural forage lands; - in the steppe zone, the state of agricultural landscape is characterized by stressed-heavy state (including arable land - stressed-heavy, natural dryforage lands - stressed, natural forage lands, floodplain and lowland - good and satisfactory, forest - crisis); - in the dry steppe zone, the state of agricultural landscape is characterized by stressed-heavy state (including arable land - stressed-heavy, natural dry forage lands - stressed, natural forage lands, floodplain and lowland - good and satisfactory, forests - stressed); - in semi-desert and desert zones, the state of agricultural landscape is crisis-stressed (including arable land - a crisis, natural forage lands - stressed, forests - stressed).
Removal of fluorine from solutions using natural brucite sorbent
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Makarov D V , Elizarova I R , Kudryavtseva L P
Published: February 2022

Wastewater treatment from pollutants, in particular from fluorine ions, is an important and urgent task. This paper presents the results of laboratory studies to remove fluorides from model solutions using a natural sorbent - brucite. Experiments were performed for solutions containing 10, 50 and 100 mgF/l. We studied the effect of firing temperature, reagent consumption and interaction time to the degree of impairment of solutions. The optimal parameters for cleaning wastewater from fluorine ions with an initial concentration of 10 mgF/l to the MPC level are selected.
Natural conditions of the Karaganda region
Authors: Kenetayeva A A , Usupayev Sh E , Shaikhova G S , Salkeyeva A K , Akhmetova A ZH , Mullagaliyeva L F
Published: February 2022

Karaganda region is located on the most elevated central part of the Kazakh Upland -Saryarka. This region is a peculiar and geomorphologically heterogeneous, sharply elevated natural country. The paper considers the natural conditions of the Karaganda region and thematic factors of the physical-geographical, geological, engineering geological, ecological-geological directions of research, for the preparation of the foundations for the compilation of an engineering-geodynamic map for the assessment and typification of geo-risks, as well as their geonomization. A series of methodological requirements have been developed as monitoring criteria for a comprehensive assessment of hazards, risks and vulnerability of the population and the territory to the processes of long-term mining by open-cut and underground coal mines in the study area. Of all the geological structures, the most thoroughly studied is the Karaganda synclinorium, elongated in the sublatitudinal direction. The middle part of the synclinorium is occupied by a coal basin. A geological and ecological basis for compiling a new engineering-geological and ecological-geological map for assessing and typing geo-risks is presented, which takes into account coal-bearing formations, coal grades, mining areas and geo-risks manifested in 2020. Data have been developed for the certification of geo-risks of various types that appear as a result of the continuation of the development of a coal deposit in order to minimize their negative impact.
Regulation of the process of additional development of the oil deposit of the Khankalskoye field and analysis of the control of indicators
Authors: Bakraev M M , Bulyukova F Z , Dumler E B
Published: February 2022

The main optimal directions of research work related to the control and regulation of the development process in relation to the Khankalskoye field, while ensuring fire and environmental safety, are identified. The study of reservoir and filtration properties of the reservoir layers is usually carried out by hydrodynamic studies of wells, by methods of steady-state sampling and unsteady processes for restoring bottom-hole pressure in wells. Graphical dependencies are obtained that allow us to study and analyze changes in individual indicators during the development of the deposit and their mutual relations, thanks to which, it is possible to correctly assess the state of development and find the right ways to regulate the processes in terms of ecology and fire hazard. The article presents research on the wells of the Khankalskoye field. The analysis of the control of indicators revealed a number of reasons that influenced the failure to meet the project indicators for oil production.
Modeling of soot formation in a tractor diesel engine running on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil
Authors: Yurlov A S , Lopatin O P , Likhanov V A , Belov V V , Stepanov A V
Published: February 2022

When studying the process of formation of soot nuclei in a flame, it is necessary to pay attention to the sequence of chemical transformations of fuel molecules in order to determine the concentration of dangerous toxic components in the exhaust gases (EG) of a diesel internal combustion engine (DICE). Today, numerous studies are being conducted to establish a detailed kinetic mechanism of the process of carbon condensation and gasification in a DICE. Despite significant progress in understanding the essence and some regularities of the processes occurring in a DICE, it is not yet possible to compile a numerical model that can predict the main indicators of soot content. A semi-empirical mathematical model of soot formation and burnout in a DICE is presented, compiled on the basis of a kinetic model that reliably predicts the dynamics of soot content in the cylinder and the concentration of soot in the EG in a wide range of operating modes of a DICE. The model makes it possible to facilitate the process of studying the factors of soot formation and reduce the cost of conducting experimental studies related to the search for alternative fuels and improving the design of a DICE, optimizing the operation of fuel supply and gas distribution systems.
Development of vibration resistant PDC bit during drilling hard rock formation
Authors: Mingazov R R , Yamaliev V Y
Published: February 2022

The authors of the article have analyzed the main causes of bit wear when drilling hard rock formation. The main reasons causing vibration phenomena in the BHA are identified. To mitigate vibrations, it is proposed to use an additional coefficient at the stage of designing a rock destruction tool. The proposed improvements will increase the efficiency of drilling in difficult geological conditions.
Automated information support system for AOR methods of hazard and risk analysis for oil and gas industry
Authors: Melyusev I A , Ozden I V , Kudryavtsev A A , Shevchenko D I
Published: February 2022

This article examines an attempt to formalize the procedures preceding the engineering methods of AOR, which allows experts to give the maximum of really significant information in a concise form and with a pronounced effect, freeing their limited resources from routine and search for insignificant versions of events to the detriment of the most important.
Problems of safe operation of pipelines with high flow rates of the pumped product and the main solutions
Authors: Nuriddinov B B , Mugallimov F M , Mugallimov I F , Mugallimov B F
Published: February 2022

The process of cleaning and diagnostics of pipelines with high flow rates of the pumped product causes some difficulties due to the uncontrolled increase in the speed of the in-line device, and as a result, such sharp changes in speed lead to the loss of diagnostic data in many sections of the pipeline, cleaning is performed with less efficiency. This article discusses in detail the problems of operating pipelines with high flow rates of the pumped product and the main solutions. The problems of uneven movement of in-line devices in pipelines with high flow rates are considered in more detail. Special attention is paid to the problems of experience in the operation and use of in-line diagnostic devices in Russia and abroad. The process of cleaning and diagnostics of pipelines with high flow rates of the pumped product causes some difficulties due to the uncontrolled increase in the speed of the in-line device, and as a result, such sharp changes in speed lead to the loss of diagnostic data in many sections of the pipeline, cleaning is performed with less efficiency. Possible solutions to these problems are described in detail, such as: the correct choice of the in-line device used, bypassing part of the pumped product through bypass holes, reducing the volume of pumping of the transported product during cleaning and in-line diagnostics, creating back pressure at the end of the pipeline.
A device for measuring the parameters of the lower layer with simultaneous separate operation of the well
Authors: Kostilevsky V A , Shaidakov V V
Published: February 2022

The development of technology for the simultaneous separate operation of wells has led to the need to determine the parameters of the produced fluid separately for each reservoir. The article discusses a device that allows you to measure these parameters. The valve is controlled by gas supply through a small diameter pipeline.
Investigation of application efficiency of device for removal of gas condensate from main gas pipelines
Authors: Khafizov F S , Abdullin N A , Khafizov I F , Sultanov R M
Published: February 2022

The intensive development of the gas industry and the tension in the operation of gas transportation equipment make it necessary to solve the problems of developing and introducing new energy-saving gas transportation technologies. The authors carried out simulation of the gas pipeline and laboratory studies, as well as recalculation of the parameters of the experimental plant in relation to the main gas pipelines. It is concluded that the developed twisting device is effective.
Development of a scheme for the installation of mechanical purification of the water surface in case of oil spills
Authors: Batishcheva V A , Vasilev A S , Hafizov I F , Pavlova Z H
Published: February 2022

This article describes a new method of mechanical cleaning of the water surface from oil. Based on this method, it is proposed to create a technological cleaning scheme that will have more improved characteristics than the existing cleaning methods. This article is devoted to the first results of analyses conducted in the laboratory.
Development of a packer with an activation tool for the liner extension hanger in the interval of a horizontal open well
Authors: Kopeikin I S
Published: February 2022

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the main methods for stimulating production and putting into development non-drained hydrocarbon reserves. Its natural development is the use of hydraulic fracturing in the horizontal interval of an open hole using several ports, isolated from each other by special elastomers. One of the main and important elements in multiport hydraulic fracturing technologies is a liner hanger packer in an open interval of a horizontal well. Depending on the technology used in multiport hydraulic fracturing, a large number of liner hangers of different types are distinguished. This article discusses the design and principle of operation of a packer for suspending a non-cemented liner of a multiport hydraulic fracturing assembly in an open interval of a horizontal well, as well as the design of a hydraulic activation tool for the above packer. The technical system, consisting of a packer and a hydraulic activation tool to it, makes it possible to install a multiport hydraulic fracturing liner in the well with subsequent disconnection of the drill pipes and their extraction from the well together with the hydraulic activation tool. In addition, the design of the packer allows the connection of production tubing to perform hydraulic fracturing technology in the horizontal section of the open hole. The design of the hydraulic activation tool allows it to be reused after being pulled out of the well when running other liners of multiport hydraulic fracturing.
The potential of digital economy framework to tackle sustainability challenges in urban area
Authors: Polevoi D V , Mamai I B
Published: February 2022

Natural systems and techno-systems form ecosystems of urban areas that are holistic and ordered in time and space. In the context of digitalization, the assessment of the quality of the urban environment necessitates a system analysis, which will make it possible to trace the changes in each factor of anthropogenic load, and to determine the dynamics, patterns and vectors of these changes. The existing approaches to the analysis of the urban environment have a low classification accuracy due to the a priori fuzzy partitioning of the space of anthropogenic load signs. Mathematical and software support for an intelligent system for determining anthropogenic load in the digital economy based on methods of evolutionary calculations and pattern recognition has been developed.
Extraction of bioactive components from Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) herb growing in Kola Peninsula using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Pasichnik E A , Paukshta O I , Nikolaev V G , Tsvetov N S
Published: February 2022

This work is devoted to new results of a deep-eutectic-solvents-based extraction of bioactive components from Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) study. This plant has a lot of valuable properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and others. Plant material was collected in the Murmansk region. Choline chloride + malonic or malic acids were used as solvents (DES). Reference solvents were 95% ethanol and water. For obtained extracts total polyphenols content with Folin-Ciocolteu reagent, total flavonoid content with aluminium chloride, and total antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdate method. It was shown that DES demonstrates higher efficiency in the extraction of plyphenols from Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.). Obtained data will be useful for functional food and bioactive food additives development.
Monitoring of organic carbon in the phytomass of pine stands
Authors: Gerasimova O A , Vais A A , Luzina E F , Melnik A I , Mantulina A V
Published: February 2022

At present, observations on permanent test plots are insufficient, and they are of a local nature. All this, of course, introduces an additional factor of uncertainty in the assessment of the organic carbon budget. The purpose of the publication is to estimate the age fluxes of organic carbon in pine stands for the 70th period using the example of a local object. The data of the current increase in carbon indicate the presence of two periods in high-density pine forests (25-42 years and 51-58 years), when the forest stands, for a short time, from the objects of “sink” of carbon become its “source”. As a result, it can be stated that timely forestry activities (thinning) will prevent the process of carbon release and promote the intensification of the “runoff” process by increasing the growth of phytomass.
Specific pollutants in urban wastewater and their impact on the environment
Authors: Abramova A A , Isakov V G , Yu Dyagelev M , Nepogodin A M , Grakhova E V
Published: February 2022

This paper substantiates the relevance of a study to assess environmental pollution with specific pollutants. It has been established that wastewater treatment plants, which play a key role in the protection of natural water bodies, are “hot spots” for the spread of a new type of environmental pollution - antibiotic. The main ways of getting antibiotics into the aquatic environment are shown, as well as the methods used to detect them. Based on the analysis of the results of studies on the detection of antibiotics in waste waters of different countries, the groups of the most common antibiotics have been identified and the limits of their detection have been established. It is concluded that such studies are necessary not only in large cities, but also in small ones, equipped with a centralized wastewater disposal system, in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Dynamics of carbon productivity of pine stands according to growth tables
Authors: Vais A A , Andronova A A , Popova V V , Mamedova S K , Zaykova P A , Chanchikova S A
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, there is a lack of information on organic carbon stocks in forest stands of various ages. To assess the biological productivity, sketches of growth tables (GT) of various types (“normal”, “modal”, “typological”) were used, drawn up in relation to the pine forests of Karaulny forestry of the educational and experimental forestry enterprise of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. The research area is located in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. Depending on the forest density, quality of growing conditions and age, pine forests accumulate different amount of carbon. For a base age of 70 years, normal pine forests (with a density of 1.0 and more) produce 2.22 times more carbon than modal pine forests of growth class III, 2.87 times more than pine forests of growth class IV and 1.99 times more than modal stands of the prevailing forest type.
Testing of the method of human metabolites gas products processing deep purification on lettuce plants
Authors: Trifonov S V , Tubol N A , Tikhomirov A A
Published: February 2022

Development of technologies for fabricating environmentally friendly fertilizers from organic wastes is an important factor for establishing environmentally friendly zero-waste production, including agriculture. Implementation of this approach entails problems associated with the treatment of byproducts of such processes. In the present study, the technology of physicochemical purification of gases produced by human waste processing was tested on lettuce plants. It has been shown experimentally that the proposed method of deep purification is able to reduce the inhibitory effect of gas on plants. The results can be used to develop agricultural technologies, closed-loop production technologies in other fields, and scientific principles for constructing life support systems intended for space missions.
On rational nature management and environmental policy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Letyagina E A
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of the study of problems of rational nature management and state environmental policy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The study defines the concept of “rational nature management”, characterizes and analyzes in detail all the constituent elements of rational nature management, reflecting the essential content of this phenomenon and determining the relationship of its elements and their essence. Moreover, the issues of the implementation of each element in practice in the territory of the Russian Federation are analyzed, the problems of functioning of all the elements are presented, and the ways of solving these problems are indicated. The paper also provides a brief description of the features of the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a region of the Russian Federation. Additionally, it analyzes in temporal dynamics the data on the influence of various spheres of economic activity of the Krasnoyarsk territory on the surrounding natural ecosystem, allowing to identify the main economic areas that require introduction of technologies for rational nature management, resource-saving technologies and environmental measures. Moreover, the study outlines the prospects for further development of the policy of rational nature management and protection of the environment and natural riches (resources).
Development of a methodology for calculating the integral toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine running on alternative fuels
Authors: Lopatin O P , Likhanov V A , Belov A A , Vasiliev A O , Alekseev E P
Published: February 2022

Currently, most methods for assessing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases (EG) of diesel internal combustion engines (DICE) differ in research programs that simulate the most significant operating modes of a tractor or motor vehicle DICE in ordinary operating conditions. And to assess their toxicity, such different methods are used as a study under steady-state operating modes that ensure the constancy of the performance of a DICE, and its study under changing parameters in transient modes. DICE of tractors, self-propelled agricultural machines and other off-road equipment are tested at a stand equipped with a loading device and measuring instruments for monitoring tests and collecting data necessary for processing test results. Emissions are determined during the sequential operation of the DICE at steady-state modes. Each mode has its own weighting coefficient, which characterizes the contribution of this mode to environmental pollution during the operation of a DICE.
Dynamics of crop production and rational use of agricultural lands
Authors: Belous N M , Vaskin V F , Kuzmitskaya A A , Kubyshkin A V , Schmidt Yu I
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the dynamics, structure of crop production, development trends, issues of rational and efficient use of agricultural land, problems of the industry. The main indicators of the development of the plant growing industry, the efficiency of the use of arable land, the productivity of the main agricultural crops for the period from 1990 to 2020 have been studied. The main problems facing the industry are outlined.
The influence of modern means of protection of grain crops on the potential yield in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Kozulina N S , Bobrovskiy A V , Vasilenko A V
Published: February 2022

The article presents the experience results of studying protection means of spring wheat crops. The experiment was carried out at the stationary “Minino” of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone. The study results showed that the use of the seed treater VialTrust influenced improvement of spring wheat sowing material of, reducing overall clogging of the sown seeds. The use of a herbicides tank mixture Eraser Top and Ballerina Super successfully destroyed weeds in sowing, the protection effect was 100.0%. The effect of protection against the use of the fungicide Kolosal PRO was 89.2%. The studied protection scheme made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat - a significant increase of 6.1 c/ha or 22.7% was obtained in comparison with the control.
Research of the movement of raw cotton and heavy impurities in the working chamber of pneumatic transport of a new design
Authors: Sidikov Akbarhon , Khusanov Sadi , Kambarov Elmurod , Abdujalilov Durbek , Sarimsakov Olimjon
Published: February 2022

Technology of cotton primary processing provides for the cleaning of cotton from weed impurities of two types, i.e. from small (less than 10 mm) and large (over 10 mm) impurities. Nevertheless, cleaning the cotton in these cleaners from heavy, especially solid impurities, regardless of their size is impossible because of the cleaning processes take place in an impact mode, and such impurities upon impacts cause breaking and deformation of the working members of machines, as well as the revival of sparks causing fire phenomena. Therefore, the fall of solid impurities into the chambers of the cleaners and subsequent technological machines is not allowed, which is ensured by the use of linear cleaners, i.e. traps of heavy impurities as part of pneumatic conveying installations. Device for separating heavy cotton blends is installed in the pneumatic conveying system of the cotton plant. This article covers the movement of cotton feathers, as well as patterns in the working chamber of a new type of stone trap based on theoretical solutions.
General theory of ensuring environmental safety: state and directions for improvement
Authors: Dmitrieva I A , Mileshko L P , Prokof’eva E V , Ivanova N A , Rakitina M S , Rudina S E
Published: February 2022

Progress in maintaining the ecological balance at the global, regional and local levels of human activity is inextricably linked with the continuous improvement of the general theory of environmental safety. The authors believe that new successes in further research can be expected in the use of the provisions of environmental safety in the economic sphere. It was also noted that the possibilities of the culturological approach make it possible to make a great contribution to ensuring environmental safety in various fields.
Efficient use of secondary energy resources at an organic synthesis enterprise by the method of energy-technological combination
Authors: Bronskaya V V , Balzamov D S , Yu Balzamova E , Kamalova G I , Ignashina T V , Garifullina E V , Kharitonova O S
Published: February 2022

Organic synthesis enterprises are characterized by multi-stage technological processes and large volumes of production of various products, the production of which is associated with a huge consumption of energy resources. First of all, the technological processes of such enterprises are associated with the conversion and consumption of water vapor and electric energy, which are transformed from external sources. Currently, there is a tendency in the energy industry to replace outdated capacities with new ones by the installation of efficient combined cycle power units, the construction of which is costly both financially and resource-wise, requiring the involvement of highly qualified personnel. All this leads to an increase in energy tariffs, which affects the financial performance of large consumers, including organic synthesis enterprises, whose technological processes are associated with the formation of secondary energy resources in the form of water steam, flue gases, combustion gases, hot water. This article offers a variant of the useful use of water steam for technological processes and the generation of electrical energy for the own needs of the enterprise.
Calculation of the main characteristics of polymer branching taking into account the exchange of activity between polymerization centres
Authors: Bronskaya V V , Garifullina E V , Ignashina T V , Aminova G A , Manuyko G V , Kharitonova O S , Balzamov D S
Published: February 2022

The calculation of the main characteristics of the branching of the polymer is presented in the article using the example of polymerization of butadiene in the presence of an organolithium catalytic system modified with polyfunctional sodium and magnesium alcoholates. The addition of a modifier to the catalytic system leads to the participation in the polymerization of at least two types of active centers, which is the reason for some branching of macromolecules. The complemented mathematical model of the periodic process, taking into account the exchange of activity between the two centers, allows to calculate the main characteristics of branching.
Models of technogenic pollution by dust and gas components at protection facilities
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Samofalova A S , Sazonova S A , Kulneva V V , Popova N S
Published: February 2022

The negative impact of the open method development of mining and processing enterprises of the Kursk magnetic anomaly on the environment is considered. The volume of unorganized emissions of dust and harmful gases into the atmosphere during blasting operations at the Lebedinsky GOK quarry is calculated. When processing the results of the experiment, the article used the “STATISTIKA” software package. Calculations of concentrations of harmful substances at the time of blasting showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Industrial general technical preventive measures aimed at reducing the emission of dust particles during serial explosions of iron-containing rocks at the facility are recommended. An engineering and technical solution has been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant. The method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is applied. Aqueous solutions with an anion active substance based on triethanolamine salts are recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.
Tectonic factors of the chemical compound’s composition of plains’ groundwater
Authors: Budarina V A , Kosinova I I , Lependin D G
Published: February 2022

Tectonic factors within the platform areas determine the features of the near-surface part of the lithosphere, including groundwater. The pattern of tectonic disturbances affects both the features of the occurrence of aquifers and their hydrogeochemical composition. The purpose of this work is to determine the sources of boron intake into the groundwater of some districts of the Lipetsk region. The assessment of these processes was carried out by us using remote sensing and hydrogeological studies of a number of areas of the Eastern European Platform. Increased concentrations of boron in groundwater confined to neotectonic structures, including the valley of the Don River flowing through the Losev seam zone separating the Central Russian Upland and the Oka-Don lowland, were revealed. The increased boron contents (more than 0.5 mg/dm3) are confined to underground aquifers of Devonian age. It is revealed that these concentrations are mainly characteristic of structures of a negative sign. Deep tectonic processes are designated as the main source of boron intake.
Evaluation of the working process of the grain disinfection line
Authors: Yu Bulatov S , Nechaev V N , Sergeev A G
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of the work of the line for the disinfection of grain crops before feeding them. Tests of the laboratory installation were carried out at the plant of the organization “ASR Region” LLC, located in the city of Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod region. Barley grain was used as a raw material. The operation of the plant was evaluated according to the following criteria: total power consumption, specific power consumption, grain moisture at the outlet of the air conditioner, grain temperature at the outlet of the air conditioner, the content of mold and yeast, the number of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms in the grain after its heat treatment. The results of the experiment showed the possibility of using the developed installation for the disinfection of grain before feeding it to farm animals. Regression models are obtained to describe optimization criteria for grain disinfection at the developed plant. Shortcomings in the operation of the installation are identified and measures to eliminate them are proposed.
Technological and design principles of grain quality improvement, taking into account natural and climatic conditions
Authors: Maslov G G , Yudina E M , Rinas N A
Published: February 2022

The new and known technological and design principles for improving the grain quality of wheat vigorous varieties, have been substantiated. The proposed seven technological principles show the features of the use of new wheat varieties and their cultivation according to the best forecrops in the natural climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the features of seed preparation for sowing, soil cultivation, plant protection, and the application of fertilizers and the organization of harvesting. In the block of four design features, new technical solutions are proposed for the design of ejection-slot sprayers for seed treaters and spraying devices, the advantages of multifunctional machine units in wheat cultivation technology are substantiated, a design and technological scheme of a grain-harvester separator, modernized for cleaning the combed heap, the advantages of wheat harvesting technology with a harvester, combing growing crops, are presented in comparison with traditional technology. The possibility of increasing the wheat grain quality of a vigorous variety “Olkhon” from the 3rd to the 2nd class, due to harvesting with rotary separators, post-harvest grain ripening and sorting by pneumatic separators (PSM) and sieves with oblong holes, has been proven. The work has been performed at the Kuban State Agrarian University in 2015-2020. The purpose of the article is to justify new technological and constructive principles for improving the wheat grain quality.
Improving the reliability of the hammer grain crusher by optimal design of the paddle wheel
Authors: Dorodov P V , Kasatkin V V , Petrov V A , Kasatkina N Y , Lebedev L Y
Published: February 2022

Now in agricultural production there are significant changes in the fleet of equipment due to the renewal of the material and technical base with improved parameters for quality, reliability, durability and operability in difficult operating conditions. However, the manufacturing industry still has a large number of outdated equipment that requires modernization through optimal design of machine components and parts. So, in the process of feed preparation, closed-type grain crushers are widely used, working on the principle of suction of the source material and injection of the finished product. This type of crushers undergoes significant abrasive wear of working bodies (drums, hammers, sieves, etc.) due to their suboptimal geometric shape of transition surfaces, where local stresses accumulate, as well as in areas of contact of parts with particles of gas-dispersed material. The blades of the drum wheel are subjected to particularly severe wear, for the restoration of which significant material costs are required during major repairs. The paper presents theoretical studies of contact stresses during wear of working surfaces, a criterion and condition for the optimal position of the blade are proposed. The optimal position of the blade has been determined - it must be positioned at an angle of 10 ° to the axis of the drum wheel. The results of field tests of the upgraded crusher allow us to conclude that the reliability indicators (durability of the blade drum and reliability of the crusher) increase by more than 3 times.
Generating a computational grid when modeling the intake system of a tractor diesel engine to reduce the impact on the environment
Authors: Zholobov L A , Pasin A V , Novozhilov A I , Korobkov M P
Published: February 2022

The processes in the intake system of agricultural tractor diesel internal combustion engines (TDICE) have a spatial and non-stationary character, accompanied by heat exchange and energy dissipation. The complex configuration of the exhaust system elements, which is also determined by the existing dimensional restrictions, leads to the fact that it is not possible to talk about any orderly flow in these areas. Due to such a complex nature, a detailed study of the flow parameters even for one modification of the exhaust system on a working TDICE is associated with significant time and money. If we take into account that in order to reduce the environmental impact, it is necessary to find a more optimal form, and for this it is necessary to test several different configurations of intake systems, then it becomes clear that researchers want to simplify the task in some way in order to obtain a positive effect by spending less money and time. And here it becomes indispensable to use physical models that more or less correspond to the parameters of the intake systems of the prototype TDICE.
Polymer materials in concrete technology
Authors: Schepochkina Yu A , Orekhovskaya A A , Sokolova V A , Malikov V N , Lopareva S G , Loparev D V , Klyosov D N
Published: February 2022

Possible directions of rational use of polymer materials in cement concrete technology are proposed. Introduction of crushed plastics into the concrete mixture in an amount of 0.5-2 wt. % helps to increase the strength of concrete during bending and compression. As a water-retaining polymer additive for cement composites, it is proposed to use sodium polyacrylate, and such an additive should be pre-prepared by holding the granules in water until swelling, followed by grinding. The use of styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate monomers as impregnating materials for concrete is considered. Monomers must be applied to the concrete surface together with 2% of the initiating system “benzoyl – dimethylaniline peroxide” (1:0.5). Benzoyl peroxide in this system acts as an initiator, and dimethylaniline is an accelerator for the decay of the initiator into free radicals. The specified maintenance of the initiating system ensures the completeness of the transformation and high strength of the polymer.
Environmental problems of small rivers in the Volga and Dneprovsky basin in the territory of the Kaluga region
Authors: Lykov I N , Melenchuk V I
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the geoecological problems of small rivers of the Volga and Dnieper basins in the Kaluga region. The analysis of water resources of the Kaluga region is given. It is shown that intensive use of river runoff, transformation of natural landscapes, agromelioration and urbanization, anthropogenic and technogenic load have led to a violation of the hydrological regime of small rivers. This led to a change in the intra-annual distribution of runoff on the territory of the Kaluga Region and neighboring regions, stimulated the progressive process of shallowing and disappearance of small rivers as a result of violation of natural flow-forming complexes. Heavy damage to small rivers, which are very sensitive to pollution, is caused by storm drains, which are often comparable to urban sewage
Assessment of energy efficiency of units for preparation of liquid feed mixtures of continuous and batch action
Authors: Solonshickov P N , Luchnikov A N , Tolstoukhova I A , Kuznetsovsky D V , Rotar P V , Lipovtsev A A , Chervotkin K A
Published: February 2022

This article considers the problem of assessing the energy efficiency of installations for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures of continuous and batch action. The lowest total energy consumption for the unit, productivity, allowing to work under changing conditions at a necessary mode; the best quality of mixing and dissolution, determined by a stable state of the mixture; free access to the working bodies of the unit for its quick cleaning, washing and troubleshooting; the minimum dimensions and weight and the lowest energy consumption for the drive of the unit are determined.
Analysis of the impact of anthropogenic transformation of organisms on the homeostasis of ecosystems
Authors: Lomskov M A , Pimenov N V , Ivannikova R F , Selina M V
Published: February 2022

In this article, the authors, based on their own practical observations and research, as well as previously formulated theoretical generalizations, discuss a set of problems related to the issues of animal cultivation in modern conditions of anthropogenic changes in the biosphere. Unfortunately, at present, the theoretical provisions of biological science related to the transformation of the environment and organisms by humans are relatively poorly developed and require further study. First of all, such knowledge is necessary for the development of rationally justified ways of exploiting the resources of the animal world, for example, when working with domesticated organisms and when breeding wild organisms, in particular, in order to restore the number of individuals of certain small species.
Assessment of the biota condition of the Specially Protected Natural Territory “Sosnovaya Rosha” in the vicinity of a multi-lane road under construction
Authors: Turmukhametova N V , Bedova P V , Vorobeva I G , Drobot V I , Zabiyakin V A , Ryzhova L V
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a reconnaissance assessment of the state of biota in the area of the highway of Specially Protected Natural Territory “Sosnovaya Rosha” under construction in the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Republic of Mari El, Russia). The studied plant communities, especially mixed forests, in the forest park are characterized by a rather considerable diversity. A decrease in vitality was recorded in coniferous trees caused by low-quality drainage works. Assessment of environmental quality by IFA of the lamina of B. pendula trees has shown reasonably favorable conditions. All reservoirs are characterized by a high abundance of invertebrates. Currently, no sharp decline in the abundance of pedobionts have been noted. The diversity of dendrobiont insects with low abundance and the optimal ratio of phytophagous to predatory insects may indicate stable relationships between consorts and the determinant, a tree species. The distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the SPNT has mosaic character. We have also noted trends toward a decrease in species diversity and populations density of ornithofauna. At the moment, the road is not open for transport yet, and no sharp decline in species diversity or abundance of individuals in populations is observed.
Transformation, stability and biodiversity of phytocenosis depending on their initial conditions
Authors: Mishin I N , Mishina E N
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of long-term observations of the agricultural land transformation into natural phytocenoses. The comparative analysis of sustainability and biodiversity of two closely located Plots No. 1 and No. 2 showed that the initial state of the land mainly determines these indicators. The transformation of well-cultivated fallows of Plot No. 1 was with a sufficiently high rate of succession. It led to the disturbance of the ecosystem, the degradation of the phytocenosis and a low level of biodiversity and productivity. A decrease in the number of almost all entomophilous plants, including Fabaceae, Asteraceae, from 25.6% to 3.4% was on the plot in the period from the 6th year. Moreover, there were shrubs of the test plot with birch the appearance of dominant species, by nettle and willow-herb. The transformation of seeded herbage with a Legume component of Plot No. 2 by the year 8 led to the displacement of sown grasses, the emergence of synusia with a high density and biomass of plants based on hybrid clover and Poaceae. They occupied a large area of Plot No. 2 and determined a steady state of the biocenosis with high biodiversity and productivity, with the retention of a high number of Fabaceae in the herbage from 9 to 16% for a long time. The paper indicates that the management by the initial state of phytocenoses, in particular, haymaking and a clover-cereal mixture sowing, makes it possible to change the direction of transformation of biocenoses and carry out long-term planning and restoration of their stability and biodiversity.
Vitality of Rubus arcticus L. in medium and southern taiga
Authors: Gudovskikh Yu V
Published: February 2022

Vitality strategies for 11 coenopopulations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) were defined in conditions of medium and southern taiga on the edge of the species range. In studied conditions optimal habitats for R. arcticus growth, while maintaining high vitality index, are open meadows and coniferous-small-leaved forests with high level of soil moisture: Epilobium-gramineous wet meadow formed on a runway and surrounded by spruce-birch forest with pine and aspen-birch herbaceous forest with spruce. The study showed that the pedicel length, width of the central lobe of the 3rd leaf from the metamere base, and number of living leaves are the most sensitive features which react to the state of environment. R. arcticus shows 3 ontogenetic tactics near the border of its range: divergent, convergent and stabilizing tactic. Most of morphological features studied prove divergent character of ontogenetic tactic, which determines the increase in features’ variability in close-to-stress conditions. Near its southern border arctic bramble uses defensive strategies for survival allowing its successful vegetative reproduction. According to the results of the study and species’ ecological peculiarities and in order to achieve effective monitoring and prognosis of the species’ state, it is important that we apply complex estimation of variability of physiological-biological and morphological parameters of R. arcticus.
Creation the map of the road and path network in the specially protected natural area for territory digression research
Authors: Novikov A V , Sumarukova O V , Shiryaeva M A , Lagutina N V , Barsukova M V
Published: February 2022

The research is devoted to the study of the road and path network in the park Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after Y. A. Gagarin which located in Chelyabinsk. This research is important to solve the issues on the study of the development of digression. The park is located close to a residential area, a large shopping complex and a university with a campus -these factors affect the anthropogenic load on the territory. In the course of the research, field work, mathematical calculations were carried out and map was created to visualize the results obtained. A schematic map of the road and path network of a section of the investigated territory was created. The southern part of the park is less prone to trampling and this area is closed to stages 3-4 of digression. While the part of the park near the railway is the least prone to trampling and degree of digression is closed to stage 2-3. Based on the results obtained, it is necessary to develop a road and path network throughout the park in order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on nature in certain parts of the park.
Monitoring work on the study of the biodiversity of the flora of the reserves
Authors: Petrisheva Tatyana Yu , Usacheva Irina N , Kravchenko Antonina L , Polteva Anastasia V , Masina Tatyana A
Published: February 2022

Monitoring assessment of the state of conservation area is a relevant and important direction in ecology. However, not all parameters of the ecological balance are checked by state services. The wide scale of specially protected areas also makes it difficult to analyze them in detail by all indicators. Therefore, it is significant to conduct a comprehensive study of such sites locally, taking into account the diversity of environmental sustainability indicators. The paper analyzes the biological diversity of flora within one of the reserves of the Belgorod region, with an emphasis on the state of tree species. The morphological assessment of the discovered species and their ecological characteristics are given. The influence of the industrial zone of the adjacent territories on the vegetation of the reserve and the microbial equilibrium of the soil cover was evaluated. In general, the ecological state of the flora is assessed as good; the microbial composition corresponds to the typical for chernozem soils. At the same time, recommendations are given for further monitoring of biodiversity indicators in this area, in order to maintain the ecological balance, preserve the species composition of vegetation and the diversity of the soil microbial community.