bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSTRUKSI FAMILI GRAF HAMPIR PLANAR DENGAN ANGKA PERPOTONGAN TERTENTU
Authors: Pinontoan Benny
Published: July 2019

KONSTRUKSI FAMILI GRAF HAMPIR PLANAR DENGAN ANGKA PERPOTONGAN TERTENTU Benny Pinontoan1) 1) Program Studi Matematika FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, 95115ABSTRAK Sebuah graf adalah pasangan himpunan tak kosong simpul dan himpunan sisi. Graf dapat digambar pada bidang dengan atau tanpa perpotongan. Angka perpotongan adalah jumlah perpotongan terkecil di antara semua gambar graf pada bidang. Graf dengan angka perpotongan nol disebut planar. Graf memiliki penerapan penting pada desain Very Large Scale of Integration (VLSI). Sebuah graf dinamakan perpotongan kritis jika penghapusan sebuah sisi manapun menurunkan angka perpotongannya, sedangkan sebuah graf dinamakan hampir planar jika menghapus salah satu sisinya membuat graf yang sisa menjadi planar. Banyak famili graf perpotongan kritis yang dapat dibentuk dari bagian-bagian kecil yang disebut ubin yang diperkenalkan oleh Pinontoan dan Richter (2003). Pada tahun 2010, Bokal memperkenalkan operasi perkalian zip untuk graf. Dalam artikel ini ditunjukkan sebuah konstruksi dengan menggunakan ubin dan perkalian zip yang jika diberikan bilangan bulat k ³ 1, dapat menghasilkan famili tak hingga graf hampir planar dengan angka perpotongan k. Kata kunci: angka perpotongan, ubin graf, graf hampir planar. CONSTRUCTION OF INFINITE FAMILIES OF ALMOST PLANAR GRAPH WITH GIVEN CROSSING NUMBER ABSTRACT A graph is a pair of a non-empty set of vertices and a set of edges. Graphs can be drawn on the plane with or without crossing of its edges. Crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings among all drawings of the graph on the plane. Graphs with crossing number zero are called planar. Crossing number problems find important applications in the design of layout of Very Large Scale of Integration (VLSI). A graph is crossing-critical if deleting of any of its edge decreases its crossing number. A graph is called almost planar if deleting one edge makes the graph planar. Many infinite sequences of crossing-critical graphs can be made up by gluing small pieces, called tiles introduced by Pinontoan and Richter (2003). In 2010, Bokal introduced the operation zip product of graphs. This paper shows a construction by using tiles and zip product, given an integer k ³ 1, to build an infinite family of almost planar graphs having crossing number k. Keywords: Crossing number, tile, almost planar graph.
STUDI KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN LOGAM BAJA P.25 dan S.25 DENGAN METODE NEWTON
Authors: Ady Jan
Published: July 2019

STUDI KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN LOGAM BAJAP.25 dan S.25 DENGAN METODE NEWTON Jan Ady1) 1) Departemen Fisika Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Jan_ady@yahoo.com ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan studi tentang sifat mekanik logam baja jenis polos P.25 dan ulir S.25  dengan metode Newton. Uji kekuatan tarik dilakukan dengan mengukur tegangan-regangan menggunakan Autograph sedangkan uji kekerasan dilakukan dengan pengukuran Hardness Vickers Tester. Nilai modulus elastisitas baja S. 25 adalah 54,80 Kg/mm2 dan 31,78 Kg/mm2 untuk baja P.25. Rata-rata nilai kekerasan adalah 227,2 kgf/mm2 untuk baja S.25 dan 195,6 kgf/mm2 untuk baja P.25.  Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa logam baja S.25 memiliki kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan yang relatif lebih baik dari pada logam baja P.25, sesuai demgan pengukuran dan perhitungan menggunakan metode Newton. Kata Kunci: Baja P.25 and S.25,  kekerasan, kuat tarik,  metode Newton   STUDY ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH AND HARDNESS OF STEEL TYPE P.25 AND S.25 USING NEWTONIAN METHOD ABSTRACT The mechanical properties of steel P.25 (smooth type) and S.25 (screwed type) was studied using Newtonian method.  The tensile strength was evaluated by measuring the stress-strain using autograph, whereas the hardness was measured by Hardness Vickers Tester.  The modulus elasticity was 54,80 Kg/mm2 for steel S.25 and 31,78 Kg/mm2 for steel P.25.  The average hardness was 227,2 kgf/mm2 for steel S.25 and 195,6 kgf/mm2 for steelP.25.  These results indicated that the tensile strength and hardness of steel S.25 were relatively better than steel P.25, based on the measurement and calculation using Newtonian method. Keywords :  Steel P.25 and S.25, Newtonian, Hardness, Tensile strength, Newtonian method
PENGARUH VCO MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK WORTEL TERHADAP PEROKSIDASI LIPID PLASMA
Authors: Momuat Lidya I , Sangi Meiske S , Purwati Ni Putu
Published: July 2019

PENGARUH VCO MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK WORTEL TERHADAP PEROKSIDASI LIPID PLASMA Lidya Irma Momuat1), Meiske S. Sangi1), Ni Putu Purwati2) 1)Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115; 2)Alumni Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat oksidasi lipid dalam plasma darah tikus yang diberi pakan VCO mengandung ekstrak wortel.  Tikus Wistar jantan pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu (I) pakan standar (kontrol), (II) 10% VCO tanpa ekstrak wortel, (III) 10% VCO mengandung ekstrak wortel dan (IV) 10% minyak jagung.  Setelah 4 minggu masa perlakuan, plasma darah dipisahkan dengan sentrifugasi untuk analisis tingkat oksidasi plasma dengan mengukur konsentrasi malondialdehida (MDA) menggunakan metode uji asam tiobarbiturat.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi MDA tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok tikus yang diberi minyak jagung (11,253 mM), diikuti kelompok kontrol (10,167 mM), lalu kelompok tikus yang diberi VCO mengandung ekstrak wortel (8,656 mM) dan VCO (8,269 mM).  Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tingkat oksidasi lipid plasma tikus yang diberi VCO mengandung ekstrak wortel relatif sama dengan yang diberi VCO tanpa ekstrak wortel, tetapi lebih rendah daripada kontrol dan yang diberi minyak jagung. Kata kunci: malondialdehida, minyak kelapa, wortel EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) CONTAINING CARROT EXTRACT ON PLASMA LIPID PEROXIDATION ABSTRACT The aim of this study was measure the level of lipid oxidation in the blood plasma of rats fed VCO containing carrot extracts. Male Wistar rats in this study were divided into four groups: (i) control, (II) 10% VCO without the carrot extract, (III) 10% VCO containing carrot extracts, and (IV) 10% corn oil. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood from each rat was taken by syringe.  Plasma is separated from whole blood by centrifugation for analysis of plasma oxidation levels by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration using tiobarbituric acid test. The results showed that the highest concentration of MDA was found in rats fed corn oil (11.253 m M), followed by the control group (10.167 m M), then rats fed VCO containing carrot extract (8.656 m M) and VCO (8.269 m M). This study concluded that the level of plasma lipid oxidation in rats fed VCO containing carrot extracts is relatively similar to rats fed VCO without the carrot extract, but it is lower than the control and corn oil groups. Keywords: malondialdehyde, coconut oil, carrot
KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL DAUN PADI PADA SAAT KEKURANGAN AIR YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN POLIETILEN GLIKOL
Authors: Banyo Yunia E , Nio Ai S , Siahaan Parluhutan , Tangapo Agustina M
Published: July 2019

KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL DAUN PADI PADA SAAT KEKURANGAN AIR YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN POLIETILEN GLIKOL ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai konsentrasi klorofil daun padi (Oryza sativa L.) kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan polietilen glikol (PEG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a dan klorofil b pada daun padi pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan PEG 8000 dengan mengkultur tanaman padi pada medium dengan potensial air (PA) 0; -0,5 dan -1 MPa.  Sampel helaian daun (lamina) untuk tiap perlakuan diambil sebanyak 1 g, dihaluskan dengan mortar dan pestel, lalu diekstraksi dengan alkohol 95% sampai semua klorofil terlarut. Ekstrak disaring dan supernatan ditampung dalam labu ukur 100 ml, lalu ditambahkan alkohol 95% sampai 100 ml.  Konsentrasi klorofil diukur dengan spektrofotometer  pada panjang gelombang 649 dan 665 nm.   Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, tanaman padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 mulai mengalami kekeringan pada PEG dengan PA -0,5 MPa dengan ciri-ciri daun yang kering, menggulung dan batang yang berwarna kecoklatan. Perbedaan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a, dan klorofil b pada daun padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 diamati pada PEG dengan PA 0; -0,5 dan -0,1 MPa. Kata kunci: konsentrasi klorofil, polietilen glikol (PEG), kekurangan air, padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 THE CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN RICE LEAVES UNDER POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL- INDUCED WATER DEFICIT ABSTRACT A research was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of total clorophyll, chlorophyll a and clorophyll b in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves under polyethylene-glycol-induced water deficit. The water deficit was induced by culturing the plants in medium containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 with water potential (PA) 0;-0,5; and            -1 MPa for 2 days. Leaf lamina (1 g) was sampled from each treatment at day 0 and 2. Each sample was ground using porcelain mortar and pestle, and extracted with 95% ethanol until all chlorophyll was dissolved. The extract was filtered, the supernatant was collected in 100 ml flask and added with 95% ethanol until 100 ml. The chlorophyll concentration was measured using spechtrophotometer at 649 and 665 nm. The dry and rolled leaves and brown stems were observed in cultivar Serayu and IR 64 that were cultivated in media containing PEG with PA -0,5 and -1,0 MPa. The concentrations of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b in leaves of cultivar Serayu and IR 64 cultivated in media containing  PEG with PA 0; -0,5 and -1,0 MPa were different. Keywords: chlorophyll concentration, polyethylene glycol (PEG), water deficit, Serayu and IR 64 rice cultivars
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL DIESEL OIL-DEGRADING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MANADO SEA PORT BASED ON 16S rRNA GENE
Authors: Abram Olivia H , Tallei Trina E , De Queljoe Edwin , Kolondam Beivy J
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT  Petroleum contamination and its derivate in ecosystem are considered as environmental threat all over the world. Some microorganisms exhibit potential to degrade hydrocarbon in contaminated environments. This study aims at identifying potential diesel oil-degrading bacteria grown on artificial media. Bacteria isolated from Manado Sea port were grown in nutrient agar containing artificial diesel oil plus salt water and diesel oil only, respectively. The growing bacteria were isolated and each of them was grown separately to obtain pure isolate. Three bacterial isolates namely AO2, OA3 and OA4 were identified using 16S rRNA gene as Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Citrobacter sp, respectively. Keywords: diesel oil, diesel oil-degrading bacteria, Manado Sea Port, 16S rRNA gene IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI PENDEGRADASI MINYAK DIESEL DI ISOLASI DARI PELABUHAN LAUT MANADO   ABSTRAK   Kontaminasi minyak bumi dan turunannya dalam ekosistem dianggap sebagai ancaman lingkungan di seluruh dunia. Beberapa mikroorganisme menunjukkan potensi yang dapat menurunkan hidrokarbon dalam lingkungan yang terkontaminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai pendegradasi minyak yang tumbuh pada media buatan. Bakteri diisolasi dari pelabuhan laut Manado dan ditumbuhkan dalam media NA yang mengandung minyak diesel dengan penambahan air garam buatan dan minyak diesel tanpa air garam buatan. Bakteri yang tumbuh diisolasi dan masing-masing ditanam secara terpisah untuk mendapatkan isolat murni. Tiga isolat bakteri yaitu AO2, AO3 dan AO4 yang telah diidentifikasi menggunakan 16S rRNA gen secara berturut-turut adalah  Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, dan Citrobacter sp. Kata kunci: minyak diesel, bakteri pendegradasi minyak diesel, Pelabuhan Laut Manado, gen 16S rRNA
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR SUHU BAWAH PERMUKAAN BUMI MENGGUNAKAN IC SENSOR LM35 UNTUK PENGUKURAN SECARA MAPPING
Authors: Tumiwan Gribel Gerald , Suoth Verna Albert , As'ari As’ari
Published: July 2019

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR SUHU BAWAH PERMUKAAN BUMI MENGGUNAKAN IC SENSOR LM35 UNTUK PENGUKURAN SECARA MAPPING ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengembangkan alat ukur suhu bawah permukaan bumi secara mapping dengan menggunakan IC Sensor LM35DZ. Akuisisi data alat ukur bawah permukaan menggunakan sistem akuisisi data mikrokontroler AVR ATmega8 dalam unit slave yang sebelumnya telah dibuat dan diuji. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan menambah jumlah sensor menjadi 20 unit dan menghubungkan dengan sistem akuisisi data. Pengujian alat ukur suhu secara mapping dapat dilakukan dengan menyebar 20 sensor pada 20 titik berbeda. Hasil data yang telah direkam, dibuat menjadi peta suhu bawah permukaan melalui tampilan kontur mapping menggunakan program surfer. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa alat ukur suhu bawah permukaan bumi memiliki kemampuan mendeteksi setiap perubahan suhu secara realtime pada 20 titik berbeda. Kata Kunci: Alat ukur suhu, IC Sensor LM35DZ, mapping.   DESIGINING AND CONSTUCTION EARTH’S SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENT  USING LM35 IC  SENSOR  FOR  MAPPING MANNER MEASUREMENT ABSTRACT A research has been  done to develop earth’s subsurface temperature measuring instrument  using LM35 IC  sensor  for  mapping manner measurement.  Data acquisition for the instrument used microcontroller AVR Atmega8 data acquisition system that the slave unit has been made and tested before.  A development be done by added  the sensor to be twenty units and connected it to acquisition data system. The testing for temperature measuring instrument in mapping manner could be done by spreading the twenty sensors to twenty different point. The data output that has been recorded, be made into earth’s subsurface temperature map through contour mapping display used surfer program. The output showed that the earth’s subsurface temperature measuring instrument could detect realtime temperature changing at twenty different point. Keywords : Temperature measuring intrument, LM35DZ, mapping
ENERGY FUNCTIONAL OF ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC HARMONIC MAPS FROM A BALL INTO A SPHERE
Authors: Montolalu Chriestie E.J.C.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT A study in Rotationally Symmetric Harmonic Maps has been conducted in the past few decades. One of its well-known study is its application from a ball into a sphere in three dimensional space. This has been shown to be accurate by showing its energy function. This paper will show how to find an energy function for this case. Keywords: Rotationally Symmetric Harmonic Maps, Energy Functional FUNGSI ENERGI DARI PEMETAAN ROTASI HARMONIK SIMETRIS DARI BOLA KE SPHERE ABSTRAK Studi tentang Pemetaan Rotasi Harmonik yang simetris telah dilakukan selama beberapa dekade terakhir ini. Salah satunya yang paling dikenal adalah aplikasinya dari bola ke sphere dalam ruang dimensi tiga. Hal ini telah dapat ditunjukkan dengan akurat dengan membuktikan fungi energinya. Tulisan ini akan menunjukkan cara menemukan fungsi energi untuk masalah ini. Kata-kata kunci: Pemetaan Rotasi Harmonik Simetris, Fungsi Energi
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA PEGANGAN ESKALATOR DI SALAH SATU PUSAT PERBELANJAAN DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Holderman Michelle V. , De Queljoe Edwin , Rondonuwu Sendy B.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Pusat perbelanjaan banyak diminati masyarakat karena mempunyai daya tarik internal dan eksternal. Eskalator pada pusat perbelanjaan dilengkapi dengan pegangan tangan, dengan demikian eskalator dapat menjadi media untuk penjangkitan penyakit yang dapat dengan cepat menyebar karena bakteri pada tangan dapat berpindah ke tangan orang lain apabila memegang pegangan dari eskalator tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bakteri yang terdapat pada pegangan escalator. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu identifikasi bakteri meliputi pengamatan morfologi dan pewarnaan gram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian jenis bakteri yang ditemukan yaitu Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stomatococcus sp, Bacillus subtilis. Kata-kata kunci: Pusat perbelanjaan, eskalator, bakteri IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA IN HANDRAIL ESCALATOR ON SHOPPING CENTER IN MANADO ABSTRACT Shopping center attracted many people because they have internal and external appeal. Escalators in shopping center equipped with handrails, thus escalator can be a medium for the outbreak of disease can quickly spread because bacteria on the hands can be transferred into other hands when holding the handle of the escalator that. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of bacteria present on escalator handrail. The method used in this research is the identification of bacteria includes observation of morphology and gram stain. Based on the results of the study found that the type of bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stomatococcus sp, Bacillus subtilis. Kata-kata kunci: Shopping center, escalator, bacteria
Cyclobutane dication, (CH2)42+: a model for a two-electron four-center (2e-4c) Woodward–Hoffmann frozen transition state
Authors: Prakash G K Surya , Rasul Golam
Published: July 2019

The structures of the elusive cyclobutane dication, (CH2)42+, were investigated at the MP2/cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ levels. Calculations show that the two-electron four-center (2e-4c) bonded structure 1 involving four carbon atoms is a minimum. The structure contains formally two tetracoordinate and two pentacoordinate carbons. The non-classical σ-delocalized structure can be considered as a prototype for a 2e-4c Woodward–Hoffmann frozen transition state. The planar rectangular shaped structure 2 with a 2e-4c bond was found not to be a minimum.
Facile synthesis of Silver nanoparticles with medicinal grass and its biological assessment
Authors: Balu Satheeshkumar , Andra Swetha , Kannan Saranya , S Manisha vidyavathy , Muthalagu Murugesan
Published: July 2019

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SS-Ag NPs) using the extract of Saccharum spontaneum (SS) via green chemistry route was investigated for their in-vitro cytotoxicity on osteoblast-like cells and bactericidal effect. Synthesized SS-Ag NPs were analyzed using TEM, FTIR, XRD and UV Vis spectroscopy techniques. The biomolecules present in S. spontaneum were responsible for the reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles. A heterogenous mixture of SS-Ag NPs which consists of triangle, hexagonal, spherical and rod-like structures was obtained. Furthermore, the synthesized SS-Ag NPs were tested for in a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa and it showed significant inhibitory effect. For the first time, the enhancement in the proliferation rate of MG63 cells with SS-Ag NPs is reported.
CREATIVITY IN VIRTUAL TEAMS: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL WISDOM AND SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS
Authors: Buisine Stéphanie , Guegan Jérôme
Published: July 2019

Following the growing body of scientific literature dedicated to the effects of virtual tools and environments on creative processes, we were interested in examining how professional creativity facilitators perceive these technologies and the extent to which they might support their dissemination. To this end, we conducted a workshop with 19 professional facilitators in which they could experience creativity in a virtual environment. Their ratings of the potential impact of such tools on session facilitation, on sociocognitive processes of creativity and on group motivation were collected twice: before and after the virtual session. The results show that their perception of the potential benefits of virtual environments decreased after the test. They mentioned many limitations of the technology with regard to usual facilitation process. Moreover, their expert perception of the creative process sometimes appeared contradictory to scientific results obtained in the domain. We discuss these results and provide design perspectives to make virtual technologies more acceptable and usable for creativity facilitators, in order to allow more population to benefit from their positive effects on group creativity.
Stellar Surface Magnetoconvection as a Source of Astrophysical Noise. III. Sun-as-a-Star Simulations and Optimal Noise Diagnostics
Authors: Cegla H. M. , Watson C. A. , Shelyag S. , Mathioudakis M. , Moutari S.
Published: July 2019

Stellar surface magnetoconvection (granulation) creates asymmetries in the observed stellar absorption lines that can subsequently manifest themselves as spurious radial velocities (RVs) shifts. In turn, this can then mask the Doppler reflex motion induced by orbiting planets on their host stars and represents a particular challenge for determining the masses of low-mass, long-period planets. Herein, we study this impact by creating Sun-as-a-star observations that encapsulate the granulation variability expected from 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. These Sun-as-a-star model observations are in good agreement with empirical observations of the Sun but may underestimate the total variability relative to the quiet Sun due to the increased magnetic field strength in our models. We find numerous line profile characteristics that linearly correlate with the disk-integrated convection-induced velocities. Removing the various correlations with the line bisector, equivalent width, and the V
asy indicator may reduce ∼50%–60% of the granulation noise in the measured velocities. We also find that simultaneous photometry may be a key diagnostic, as our proxy for photometric brightness also allowed us to remove ∼50% of the granulation-induced RV noise. These correlations and granulation-noise mitigations break down in the presence of low instrumental resolution and/or increased stellar rotation, as both act to smooth the observed line profile asymmetries.
Probing the Production of Actinides under Different r-process Conditions
Authors: Eichler M , Sayar W , Arcones A , Rauscher T
Published: July 2019

Several extremely metal-poor stars are known to have an enhanced thorium abundance. These actinide-boost stars have likely inherited material from an r-process that operated under different conditions than the r-process that is reflected in most other metal-poor stars with no actinide enhancement. In this article, we explore the sensitivity of actinide production in r-process calculations to the hydrodynamical conditions as well as the nuclear physics. We find that the initial electron fraction Y

e
is the most important factor determining the actinide yields and that the abundance ratios between long-lived actinides and lanthanides like europium can vary for different conditions in our calculations. In our setup, conditions with high entropies systematically lead to lower actinide abundances relative to other r-process elements. Furthermore, actinide-enhanced ejecta can also be distinguished from the “regular” composition in other ways, most notably in the second r-process peak abundances.
Properties of the Turbulence Associated with Electron-only Magnetic Reconnection in Earth’s Magnetosheath
Authors: Stawarz J. E. , Eastwood J. P. , Phan T. D. , Gingell I. L. , Shay M. A. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. , Contel O. Le , Lindqvist P.-A. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Argall M. R. , Fischer D. , Magnes W. , Franci L.
Published: July 2019

Turbulent plasmas generate intense current structures, which have long been suggested as magnetic reconnection sites. Recent Magnetospheric Multiscale observations in Earth’s magnetosheath revealed a novel form of reconnection where the dynamics only couple to electrons, without ion involvement. It was suggested that such dynamics were driven by magnetosheath turbulence. In this study, the fluctuations are examined to determine the properties of the turbulence and if a signature of reconnection is present in the turbulence statistics. The study reveals statistical properties consistent with plasma turbulence with a correlation length of ∼10 ion inertial lengths. When reconnection is more prevalent, a steepening of the magnetic spectrum occurs at the length scale of the reconnecting current sheets. The statistics of intense currents suggest the prevalence of electron-scale current sheets favorable for electron reconnection. The results support the hypothesis that electron reconnection is driven by turbulence and highlight diagnostics that may provide insight into reconnection in other turbulent plasmas.
LAGGING COLOSSUS OR A MATURE CYBER-ALLIANCE? 20 Years of Cyber Defence in NATO
Authors: Maďar Tomáš
Published: July 2019

The article presents NATO as a self-aware and confident organisation that takes measured steps to enhance the cyber security of the Alliance as a whole. I reassert the notion that in spite of cyber defence not featuring on the top of the agenda in the early 2000s due to the effects of 9/11, the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the 2004 NATO enlargement process, after the 2007 attacks on Estonia and their post-mortem analysis the Alliance has been able to define priorities for this particular area and to significantly decrease the deficit by taking substantial but measured steps to rectify the situation it found itself in. The summits of 2014, 2016 and 2018 are identified as the most important in terms of NATO's development in this area.
POLANDS ARMED FORCES IN NATO
Authors: CIEŚLAK Eugeniusz
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the changes in Poland's Armed Forces resulting from Poland's membership to NATO. The article attempts to assess how the membership in NATO influenced the transformation of the organization, personnel, education and training as well as technical modernization of Poland's Armed Forces. The article addresses the situation prior to the NATO membership, the transformation that took place during the first decade in NATO and the changes that took place during the second decade of the membership. Special attention has been given to the post-2014 period.
Different behaviour of C-banded peri-centromeric heterochromatin between sex chromosomes and autosomes in Polyphagan beetles
Authors: Dutrillaux Anne-Marie , Dutrillaux Bernard
Published: July 2019

Heterochromatin variation was studied after C-banding of male karyotypes with a XY sex formula from 224 species belonging to most of the main families of Coleoptera. The karyotypes were classified in relation with the ratio heterochromatin/euchromatin total amounts and the amounts of heterochromatin on autosomes and gonosomes were compared. The C-banded karyotypes of 19 species, representing characteristic profiles are presented. This analysis shows that there is a strong tendency for the homogenization of the size of the peri-centromeric C-banded heterochromatin on autosomes. The amount of heterochromatin on the X roughly follows the variations of autosomes. At contrast, the C-banded heterochromatin of the Y, most frequently absent or very small and rarely amplified, looks quite independent from that of other chromosomes. We conclude that the Xs and autosomes, but not the Y, possibly share some, but not all mechanisms of heterochromatin amplification/reduction. The theoretical models of heterochromatin expansion are discussed in the light of these data.
De l'autogestion au socialisme associatif
Authors: Andréani Tony , Féray Marc
Published: July 2019

Economists have raised a number of objections to economic self-management, casting doubt on its efficiency. The two models sketched in this paper are meant to answer such objections. In them, capital is rented by the workforce through the medium of self-managed banks, from a public investment fund (financed by the interest paid by the firms, and also by tax) andlor households. This entirely external (self-funding is prohibited) and indirect funding (there are no longer shares or bonds) minimizes the risk of under-investment. The work market is linked to an insurance system, and subject to a national, centrally negociated standard. The market for commodities is preserved, but competition is tempered with cooperation. Planning is indirect and works through incentive. Not only do such models provide more democracy and greater equality, while improving productivity - they also include mechanisms and trends favouring full employment, a decrease in the growth of commodity production, and a more harmonious and satisfactory form of development.
Attentes parentales et influence du type de mode d’accueil sur le développement social et langagier du nourrisson : étude comparative crèche collective versus garde parentale
Authors: Wendland Jaqueline , Puccinelli Ophélie , Tereno Susana , Spencer Rosario
Published: July 2019

Un nombre grandissant d’enfants fréquentent un mode d’accueil extrafamilial dès leur plus jeune âge. Le choix du mode de garde répond non seulement à des critères socio-économiques, mais aussi à des attentes parentales. Dans la présente étude, nous avons examiné d’une part, les attentes parentales concernant le mode d’accueil de leur enfant, et d’autre part, l’influence du type de mode d’accueil (crèche collective ou garde parentale au domicile) sur le développement social et langagier d’enfants âgés de 6 mois à 3 ans. Un nombre considérable de parents, dans les deux groupes, considère que la crèche collective favorise la socialisation et le développement de l’enfant. Cependant, les enfants gardés au domicile ont présenté un niveau de développement social significativement supérieur à celui des enfants accueillis en crèche. De même, les enfants ayant intégré la crèche plus tard ou y passant le moins d’heures par jour ont montré de meilleures compétences sociales. Aucune différence significative intergroupes n’a été observée quant aux compétences langagières. Il paraît important d’étudier plus précisément les caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles impliquées dans ces deux modes d’accueil.
Maternités adolescentes, stress parental et capacité de mentalisation : perspectives théoriques et cliniques
Authors: Defer Sabine , Achim Julie , Ensink Karin , Bisaillon Claud
Published: July 2019

Bien que la capacité de mentalisation parentale soit un facteur de protection de la relation parent-enfant, aucune étude ne s’est encore intéressée à cette dimension chez les mères adolescentes. Pourtant, ces recherches sembleraient pertinentes, ces jeunes filles présentant fréquemment des histoires de vie marquées par l’adversité et les traumas, éléments pouvant compromettre la capacité de mentalisation. La convergence de périodes développementales (adolescence, maternité) impliquant un important travail psychique risque également de les soumettre à un stress parental considérable. Cet article présente une recension des écrits démontrant la pertinence de s’intéresser à cette dimension cruciale du fonctionnement psychologique des mères adolescentes.
Procédés cycliques et enjeux compositionnels dans les quatuors à cordes de Debussy et de Ravel
Authors: Doé de Maindreville Florence
Published: July 2019

Si les quatuors à cordes de Debussy et Ravel ont souvent été assimilés, ils illustrent pourtant deux traitements très différents de la « forme cyclique ». Partant des écrits de l’époque, l’étude montre comment Debussy explore de fond en comble les possibilités de la « forme cyclique » en mettant à contribution, à partir d’une idée thématique unique, les paramètres de composition même les plus inattendus, tandis que Ravel, au contraire, cherche à camoufler ses procédés cycliques, en les noyant notamment au milieu d’une riche et nombreuse thématique. Plus généralement, l’étude s’interroge sur les problèmes de composition qui résultent de l’utilisation de procédés cycliques et sur les enjeux qui en découlent, et souligne la diversité des solutions et des choix, lesquels peuvent être considérés comme un acte démonstratif et une façon pour les compositeurs de se positionner dans le contexte musical de l’époque.
L’approche contextuelle : un appui dans l’accompagnement autour des relations parent-enfant en service de placement familial
Authors: Tissot Catherine
Published: July 2019

À travers cet article, je souhaite partager mes réflexions, à partir de la situation de Léo, sur la façon dont je prends appui sur l’approche contextuelle, dans ma fonction d’éducatrice spécialisée en service de placement familial, dans le cadre de l’accompagnement autour des relations parent-enfant. Je m’attache à la question du « donner-recevoir », qui permet de faire émerger comme une ressource la capacité de l’enfant à donner et les capacités parentales. Je m’attache à la question des loyautés, indissociable de la notion de conflit de loyauté dans lequel l’enfant est en prise dans un contexte de placement.
Integrating technology into higher education: A case study in Lebanon
Authors: Hamzeh Wael , Mershad Khaleel , Vetokhin Siarhei
Published: July 2019

The higher education sector in Lebanon has undergone significant changes in the past twenty years, with a rapid increase in the number of higher education institutions that differ greatly in their missions, methodologies, and regulations. One of the remarkable differences between higher education institutions (HEI) in Lebanon is their vision and adaptation of technology into their institutions, with the lack of any government rules that guide HEIs to proper technology implementation strategies. While some institutions use international standards and models for quality assurance and management as a base for technology integration, others implement their own strategies of choosing and applying the technologies they deem appropriate. In this paper, we study the effect of technology adaptation strategies on HEIs in Lebanon, and propose a model for technology integration in higher education, based on the current needs and status of the Lebanese higher education system. We build our model on the goals of achieving and assuring high quality in the pedagogy, business, and technology sectors in the HEI.
Patellar Osteonecrosis Following Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Carstensen S. Evan , Domson Gregory F.
Published: July 2019

Patellar osteonecrosis is a rare condition, although knee osteonecrosis has been described in the arthroplasty literature. This is the first case describing knee arthroscopy as the cause of osteonecrosis. A 50-year-old woman who was experiencing knee pain during her marathon training and singles tennis underwent knee arthroscopy for a torn medial meniscus. The result of her partial medial meniscectomy led to patellar osteonecrosis 3 months following the index procedure. Osteonecrosis of the knee has been reported in the arthroplasty and sports medicine literature following surgical intervention, usually in total knee replacement or more complex surgical operations. However, patellar osteonecrosis following knee arthroscopy has not been reported previously. Taking care of the anterior fat pad is essential to avoid disruption of important blood supply to the patella. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(6):e552–e554.]
An Introduction to the Business Ontology
Authors: von Rosing Mark , Laurier Wim
Published: July 2019

Based on the long-standing work of the Global University Alliance and its members, ontology is introduced for the business domain. This ‘business ontology' incorporates all the constructs that can be found in the most popular business standards and frameworks. The business ontology's research and development journey is detailed; in terms of the how the research and findings came about, including the underlying academic design science that is informed by practitioners' industrial experiences. It explains the value of ontology, from which the need for the business ontology can be justified and gives it presence in business practice. The paper concludes with a discussion on the ontology's present status and future potential.
Agile Business Process and Practice Alignment Methodology
Authors: Zacarias Marielba , Martins Paula Ventura
Published: July 2019

Business process management (BPM) encompasses the discovery, modelling, monitoring, analysis, and improvement of business processes. Traditional BPM limitations in addressing changes in business requirements have resulted in a number of agile BPM approaches that seek to accelerate the redesign of business process models. In a previous work, the authors proposed the business process and practice alignment methodology (BPPAM) to uncover, supervise, and improve business processes based on actual work practices. BPPAM aims at enabling business process modeling, supervision, and improvement through the distinction of two dimensions: (1) business processes and (2) work practices. This chapter describes an agile version of the methodology (ABPPAM). Agility is infused in ABPPAM through the redefinition of phases, roles, and iteration cycles. The chapter illustrates the effects of agility for the business discovery phase of ABPPAM through a case study analysis of a real organizational setting.
Enhancing the Correctness of BPMN Models
Authors: Correia Anacleto , Brito e Abreu Fernando
Published: July 2019

While some of the OMG's metamodels include a formal specification of well-formedness rules, using OCL, the BPMN metamodel specification only includes those rules in natural language. Although several BPMN tools claim to support, at least partly, the OMG's BPMN specification, we found that the mainstream of BPMN tools do not enforce most of the prescribed BPMN rules. Furthermore, the verification of BPMN process models publicly available showed that a relevant percentage of those BPMN process models fail in complying with the well-formedness rules of the BPMN specification. The enforcement of process model's correctness is relevant for the sake of better quality of process modeling and to attain models amenable of being enacted. In this chapter we propose supplement the BPMN metamodel with well-formedness rules expressed as OCL invariants in order to enforce BPMN models' correctness.
Start-Ups and Spin-Offs in Biotechnology Sector in Poland
Authors: Białek-Jaworska Anna , Gabryelczyk Renata
Published: July 2019

This chapter concerns the subject of research-developmental activity of biotech spin-offs in Poland with particular reference to their strategy, determinants of their development and determinants of their financial standing. In the chapter, the authors analyse the determinants of biotech spin-offs and start-ups development in Poland in the light of the research commercialisation cooperation on the universities-business line. The literature overview contains the definition of a process for the commercialisation of the results of research and development (R&D) activity and components of companies' business models. The chapter defines key activities in the development of business models in the context of the commercialisation process and the life cycle of the company, especially at the start up and early stage. Quality-quantitative analysis includes the business models of seven biotechnology spin-offs traded on the alternative market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, especially the structure of their intellectual capital, R&D expenses in relation to received subsides and grants, third-party shares in start up equity, and the ability to realise the “Go Global” strategy.
E-Commerce and Its Software
Authors: Rai Rebika , Chettri Prashant , Chettri Lekhika
Published: July 2019

Today we are moving into an era of “intangible” business processes, where business communication and transactions can be conducted anywhere, anytime, and with a simple click of a mouse. With the speedy amplification and expansion of technology, information systems have become a normal component of our everyday life. The phenomenal growth of the internet has led to the emergence of a great number of new technologies and one of the most important ones is the ability to conduct business over the internet. E-commerce is currently changing the way business is conducted by assisting business progressions and transactions with very few organizations debating whether or not to participate in it. E-commerce software is the engine behind the scenes of an online store, making it possible to easily manage inventory, add or remove products, calculate taxes, and everything else required to manage a website and fulfill orders.
Leveraging Business Model Innovation in the International Space Industry
Authors: Vecchi Alessandra , Brennan Louis
Published: July 2019

This chapter provides insights on the dynamics of the space industry, which, despite its remarkable potential, tends to remain an under-studied sector within the field of business studies. By drawing on our existing work on the space industry, this chapter investigates the leveraging of innovative business models in the industry utilizing three case studies. The findings demonstrate that all three companies (Virgin Galactic, Mars One, and Unilever with the Axe/Lynx Apollo campaign) have extensively relied on business model innovation by leveraging specific design elements: content, structure, and governance. The findings highlight that business model innovation is an imperative to operate successfully in the space industry. Furthermore, a wide variety of private actors appear to be particularly resourceful in adopting novel business models that address the involvement of non-space actors and rely on non-space revenues.
Social Media
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: July 2019

Rapid changes are taking place in global business scenario. It has become a necessity for enterprises to adapt to these changes. Social media facilitates business enterprises to make use of the opportunities in the global market. Social media has become an important source of information for the stakeholders of business enterprises. Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data from social media provide a good scope for developing business models for enterprises. This chapter mainly talks about developing the conceptual business models in the sectors such as automobiles, textiles and software developing companies. Further, this chapter explains making use of the concepts such as virtual reality, multimedia and cloud computing with the data from social media in developing conceptual business models.
Business Model Development for Stability, Sustainability, and Resilience
Authors: Staszewska Beata Maria
Published: July 2019

Innovative business model development, understood as a static phenomenon neglects the dynamic influences on both for-profit and not for profit sectors. Business model development is a complex process which has been well researched in corporations, but predominantly remained under-researched in not for-profit organisations. An exploratory study during 2011-2015 is undertaken to examine business development process in the areas of stability, sustainability and resistance in a local not for profit public enterprise. Findings suggest that a balanced approach to economic, ecological and social characteristics, organisational coping capabilities during volatile phases of business model development and organisational capability to manage during times of instability contributes to the type of business model development process.
Using Lean-Sigma for the Integration of Two Products During a Ramp-Up Event
Authors: Alba-Baena Noe , Estrada Francisco J. , Torres Oswaldo Omar Sierra
Published: July 2019

Keeping up the quality level in in a manufacturing environment has become an issue when trying to start the production of a new product which is in a ramp-up stage into a running production line ramp-down model. If production of the old model is ended too fast will make shortages in the customer supply, and will have excessive inventory numbers of the newer product. Trying the re-design in a production line to keep building the old model while incorporating the newer tends to create an undesirable impact on quality and productivity. Nowadays, continuous improvement methodologies like Lean and Six Sigma are used to solve this challenge. While Lean Manufacturing tends to be efficient for quick fixes, Six Sigma works better when there is plenty of time to conduct deeper statistical analysis. This chapter describes a combination of Lean Manufacturing speed with the Six Sigma analysis' power. Combined to maintain the quality and productivity of a production process during such conditions.
Brand Experiences, Retail Scenarios, and Brand Images in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Valta Manuela , Vianelli Donata
Published: July 2019

Postmodern consumers experience fashion brands within numerous in-store and out-of-store contexts, and they tend to focus on their holistic experience with the brands across various retail scenarios. In a fashion brand context, the interaction of multiple retail environments greatly affects consumer behavior towards the brands. The objective of this chapter is to provide a review of the main issues related to brand management and customer experience management in a co-creation perspective. By overviewing the literature on brand management, retailing, and consumer behavior, the authors provide relevant insights for academics and practitioners to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of the fashion brand experience and fashion brand image.
Business Model Innovation in the Agri-Food Sector
Authors: Tell Joakim , Hoveskog Maya , Ulvenblad Pia , Ulvenblad Per-Ola , Barth Henrik , Ståhl Jenny
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to deepen our understanding of what we know about business model innovation in the agri-food sector, both from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective. The methodological approach used in the paper is built on interviews, focus groups and observations of agricultural entrepreneurs and agricultural advisors in the agriculture sector and a review of over 500 peer-reviewed research papers for the period 1990-2014. The findings of the study indicate that entrepreneurs within the agri-food sector ought to shift focus from only a producer perspective to also include an entrepreneurial perspective, e.g. to focus on business model innovation. Based on this knowledge the authors present implications for research and practice. The research field is young and broad, but developing, and in need of stronger theoretical foundations. This article is based on a combination of a systematic literature review of a new emerging field as well as empirical in-depth interviews, focus groups and observations.
Connecting the Dots
Authors: Ogunsanya Olajumoke
Published: July 2019

Calls for businesses to act with concern for the environment and society create new operating scenarios in which sustainability concerns must be taken into consideration along with the primary objectives of profitability and competitiveness. These additional obligations contribute to dynamism of the marketplace and make it important for businesses to draw on creativity and innovation to find connections between the unrelated in order to establish new efficiencies that can create competitive advantage and differentiation in the environment they find themselves. The central theme of this chapter is how bisociation informs collective creativity and innovation, and influences sustainability for business organizations competing in an environment that is in a permanent state of flux. This chapter trails a series of concepts to find the relationship between the concept of bisociation, collective creativity and sustainable business practices. The aim is to show how consistent creative thinking and exploration of information in different spaces of thought can proffer innovative solutions organizations require for their long term survival and prosperity.
MOOCs Business Models
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: July 2019

MOOCs have grabbed the headlines and rightfully become the focal point of the disruption under way in higher education. The environment in which MOOCs and other forms of online education operate is changing virtually every day. The viral nature of MOOCs has been apparent through the rapid growth of providers, participating (significant) institutions, faculty members involved in providing courses, students enrolled, and other measures. And MOOCs are starting to exhibit the second trend desired by their startup investors: MOOCs don't seem to be going away. More courses are being added, more faculty members and students are becoming involved. While MOOCs have captured the interest of many, the business models and return on investment are still evolving. The aim of this chapter is to present an analysis of various business models being used by various MOOCs providers along with some future monetization strategies for MOOC providers.