bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rigorously simple quantitative model for free radical behavior in aerobic biological systems
Authors: Zastrow Leonhard , Lademann Jürgen , Meinke Martina C. , Lohan Silke B.
Published: November 2024

Background
Human life is based on oxygen respiration and an enzymatic, free radical-dependent water chemistry, whose billions of parallel reactions take place at pH ∼7.4 and a temperature of 37°C, in accordance with the laws of chemistry. The cellular metabolic processes occur over time periods covered by the half-lives of ROS (reactive oxygen species) for °OH to over 10 s for LOS (lipid oxygen species), indicating that mixtures of free radicals form the basic components for these processes.
Summary and Key Messages
The main source of radicals is the mitochondrial conversion of 1-5 % oxygen into "primary" ROS and "secondary" LOS. Every endogenous and exogenous radical generation, triggered by "natural background radiation", "natural environment" or "solar radiation" leads to qualitatively similar mixtures of "primary" ROS and "secondary" LOS or RNS (reactive nitrogen species). A Multilevel Antioxidant Regulation, Repair and Protection System (MARRPS) keeps these radical mixtures in a steady state. Depending on the total number of free radicals, different areas of radical action are defined. The Free Radical Ground State (FRGS) with "homeostasis" and "adaptive homeostasis", the Free Radical Threshold Value (FRTV) and Free Radical Pathological Conditions (FRPC). The quantitative ratio ROS > LOS comprehensively characterizes the "homeostasis" and "adaptive homeostasis" area of the FRGS. The total number of free radicals cannot be measured directly in the "homeostasis" area. "Adaptive homeostasis" is achieved when excess radicals are stable produced beyond "homeostasis" of the FRGS. The quantity that remains controllable in this range is a maximum of ∼3.58 10¹² radicals/mg, the value of the body constant FRTV. The sensitized MARRPS provides "semi-stable homeostatic" states characterized by dual stability with ROS > LOS and a stable total ROS/LOS and RNS count beyond the basal FRGS "homeostasis". If the total number of all radicals exceeds the FRTV, where LOS > ROS, this initiates uncontrolled radical chain reactions. The partial failure of the MARRPS in the FRPC area leads to pathological processes which are the starting point for a hundred different diseases. The design principle described by this simple model applies universally to all aerobic life.
Combined Effect of Air Pollution and Genetic Risk on Incident Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Rhee Tae‐Min , Ji Yunmi , Yang Seokhun , Lee Heesun , Park Jun‐Bean , Kim Hyung‐Kwan , Kim Yong‐Jin , Kim Juyong Brian , Won Sungho , Lee Seung‐Pyo
Published: November 2024

Background

Whether genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) enhances the vulnerability to adverse cardiovascular outcomes by air pollution is unknown. We assessed the combined effect of air pollution and genetic predispositions on CVD risk.

Methods and Results

From the UK Biobank cohort, we selected genetically unrelated White British participants without CVD. Levels of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM
2.5
) and <10 μm were estimated using land use regression models. An individual's genetic predisposition to CVDs was determined by polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. We stratified mortality and CVD risk by PM
2.5
exposure across high and low genetic risk groups. A total of 249 082 participants (aged 56.9±8.0 years, 46.8% men) were followed for a median of 10.8 years. The combined effect of PM
2.5
exposure and the genetic predisposition of CVD demonstrated the highest risk of cardiovascular death in the high genetic risk group with the greatest PM
2.5
exposure (adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.73 to 2.12 across the polygenic risk score of each CVD). The combination of higher exposure to ambient PM
2.5
and high genetic risk was associated with higher incidence of all CVDs, although no significant interactions were observed between genetic risk and PM
2.5
exposure on cardiovascular death or CVD events.

Conclusions

A combination of greater PM
2.5
exposure and higher genetic predisposition to particular CVDs was modestly associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular death and CVDs. Not only alleviating PM
2.5
exposure in the general population but also implementing individualized preventive approach for those at high genetic risk might be beneficial.
Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule 2 Inhibits Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Regulating the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhong Huaping , Wu Minyu , Xie Heping , Chen Xu , Li Jiayi , Duan Zhisheng , Chen Hong , Liu Ziyou , Liao Wei , Chen Yijian
Published: November 2024

Background

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy stands as a pivotal mechanism contributing to diverse cardiovascular diseases, ultimately leading to heart failure. Despite its clinical significance, the intricate molecular mechanisms instigating pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain inadequately understood. In this study, we aim to further reveal its complex pathogenesis by exploring the role of Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) in modulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results

We used phenylephrine‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and also generated cardiac‐specific knockout mice and adeno‐associated virus serotype 9‐Faim2 mice to evaluate the function of FAIM2 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. Furthermore, unbiased RNA‐sequencing analysis was used to identify the direct target and corresponding molecular events contributing to FAIM2 function. Ultimately, our study revealed a downregulation of FAIM2 expression in phenylephrine‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and pressure overload–induced hypertrophic hearts. FAIM2 exhibited a significant attenuation of phenylephrine‐induced enlargement of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, whereas FAIM2 knockdown aggravated the hypertrophic response. Furthermore,
Faim2
gene knockout significantly exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and heart fibrosis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations unveiled that FAIM2 exerts its inhibitory effect by suppressing TAK1‐JNK1/2‐p38 MAPK signaling cascades, thereby mitigating cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusions

Our findings position FAIM2 as a novel negative regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy through its inhibitory action on mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling activation. This identification of FAIM2's role provides crucial insights that may pave the way for the development of effective therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating pathological cardiac hypertrophy, addressing a critical need in cardiovascular disease management.
Two‐Stage Recruitment Design to Reduce Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening Cost for a Theoretical Clinical Trial of White Matter Hyperintensity Progression
Authors: Egle Marco , Johri Mohini , Power Melinda C. , Deal Jennifer A. , Jack Clifford R. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F.
Published: November 2024

Background

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and their progression are associated with risk of dementia and stroke, so are an important target for clinical trials. The cost of broad magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening to identify eligible individuals, however, limits the feasibility of designing clinical trials targeting WMH. A low‐cost retinal or clinical screening measure before MRI could reduce recruitment costs versus an MRI‐only screening design in a hypothetical clinical trial.

Methods and Results

Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with valid retinal and WMH measurements (
N
=1311) were used. To identify a population at greater likelihood of significant WMH on MRI and thus reduce the number of screening MRIs required, we evaluated 3 theoretical prescreening measures: (1) retinal, (2) clinical, (3) combined clinical‐retinal. Given a target sample for clinical trials (
N
=646), we calculated screening sample sizes based on the proportion within the population having an elevated score for each prescreening measure (separately) multiplied by the proportion of significant WMH among those with that prescreening feature. Recruitment costs were calculated using estimated retinal and MRI cost estimates. Compared with the estimated cost of MRI‐only screening (>$4.24 million, requiring MRI on 6526 participants), prescreening for a high clinical score resulted in total cost of $2.47 million, with an initial screening group of 52 778 participants, with MRI in 3801. A high clinical‐retinal score cutoff resulted in costs of $2.9 million while requiring 13 572 participants, with 3801 completing MRI.

Conclusions

A 2‐stage design with low‐cost prescreening measures is a promising approach, resulting in reduced theoretical recruitment costs compared with an MRI‐only design.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in STAREE: A Randomized Trial for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Prolongation of Disability‐Free Survival in Older People
Authors: Zoungas Sophia , Moran Chris , Curtis Andrea J. , Spark Simone , Flanagan Zachary , Beilin Lawrence , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Cloud Geoffrey C. , Hopper Ingrid , Kost Alissia , McNeil John J. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Reid Christopher M. , Ryan Joanne , Tonkin Andrew M. , Ward Stephanie , Wierzbicki Anthony S. , Wolfe Rory , Zhou Zhen , Nelson Mark R. ,   the STAREE investigator group
Published: November 2024

Background

The risk–benefit balance of statin use in healthy older people is uncertain. We describe the baseline characteristics of the STAREE (Statins in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial, which is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial among community‐dwelling older people; the trial evaluated the effect of atorvastatin 40 mg for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke), and on disability‐free survival (survival free of both dementia and persistent physical disability).

Methods and Results

STAREE enrolled people aged ≥70 years from 1583 general practices across Australia with no history of clinical cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or dementia. Baseline data collected included demographic, clinical, cognitive (Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination), psychological (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale), lifestyle, medical, physical, blood and urine measures, and quality of life. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants were then compared with publicly available landmark statin trials. A total of 9971 participants were recruited (mean±SD age 74.7±4.5 years, 4023 (40%) ≥75 years, 52% women) between July 2015 and March 2023. The mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was 3.27 mmol/L (SD=0.72; 126 mg/dL). Hypertension was reported by 43% of participants and the mean blood pressure was 136/80 mm Hg. Compared with previous landmark statin trials that included primary prevention cohorts, STAREE is unique in including such a large number of older (≥75 years) independent‐living people.

Conclusions

STAREE is the largest primary prevention trial of statins powered to address the important clinical outcomes of major cardiovascular events, disability‐free survival, and cognition in older people.

Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02099123.
Clinical Outcomes According to Aortic Stenosis Management: Insights From Real‐World Practice
Authors: Coisne Augustin , Montaigne David , Aghezzaf Samy , Ninni Sandro , Lemesle Gilles , Sudre Arnaud , Lamblin Nicolas , Modine Thomas , Vincentelli André , Juthier Francis , Leon Martin B. , Granada Juan F. , Bauters Christophe
Published: November 2024

Background

Real‐world data regarding clinical outcomes according to aortic stenosis (AS) management are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long‐term management across the spectrum of outpatients with AS.

Methods and Results

Between May 2016 and December 2017, consecutive outpatients with mild (peak aortic velocity, 2.5–2.9 m/s), moderate (3–3.9 m/s), and severe AS (≥4 m/s) were included by 117 cardiologists in the VALVENOR (Follow‐Up of a Cohort of Patients With Valvular Aortic Stenosis in the Nord‐pas‐de‐Calais Region) study and followed‐up for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and modes of death. Among 2704 patients included, 1156 (42.7%) had mild, 1121 (41.5%) moderate, and 427 (15.8%) severe AS. After a median follow‐up of 5 years, 993 AVRs (488 surgical and 505 transcatheter) and 1098 deaths occurred. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of AVR or of the composite of death or AVR was 13.3% and 45.2% in mild AS, 45.5% and 75.3% in moderate AS, and 62.8% and 90.6% in severe AS, respectively. Of the 292 patients who met the criteria for AVR but were not treated, AVR was considered futile in 137 patients and 155 patients refused AVR. Mortality rates after 3 years were high: 86% for anticipated futility and 72.3% for refusal. While patients at anticipated futility showed a well‐balanced proportion of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths, cardiovascular deaths predominated among those who refused AVR.

Conclusions

At 5‐year follow‐up, only two thirds of patients with severe AS underwent AVR. Patients with untreated severe AS experienced high mortality rates, mostly cardiovascular for patients who declined AVR. This advocates for better patient education based on shared decision making and for optimizing AS quality of care, from diagnosis to treatment.
Litigating the Climate between National and International Human Rights Regimes
Authors: Pane Giorgia
Published: November 2024

This paper identifies the architecture of the justiciability of the right to a healthy environment, analysing the contribution of national and international regimes in climate litigation. It argues that neither the former nor the latter alone can currently offer a fully implementable set of remedies to the catastrophic consequences of environmental degradation. In all the cases, collectiveness is a parameter that needs to be taken into consideration, and which is shaping the way most of successful environmental claims are framed. This calls for a reflection on what courts can contribute, and maybe also if they should contribute at all, in the absence of explicit political will in the form of a specific binding treaty. It is concluded that through the interaction between domestic and international courts we can envisage a full coverage of the rights involved.
The Obligation to Cooperate to Protect Against Serious Breaches of the European and American Conventions on Human Rights
Authors: Berkes Antal
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the obligation of States to co-operate as a duty that stems from two different areas of international law. First, States are obliged to co-operate under the law of State responsibility, the aim of co-operation within this framework being to bring to an end serious breaches of peremptory norms. The second area is international human rights law and, in particular, the European (ECHR) and the American Conventions on Human Rights (ACHR), as these instruments have been interpreted by the respective regional human rights courts to encompass a procedural obligation for States to co-operate with a view to protect human rights. The paper asks whether the obligation to cooperate, as constructed by the two regional human rights courts, has any overlap with the obligation to cooperate under the law of State responsibility, and, if yes, whether it can and does cross-fertilise the interpretation of the latter. The analysis of the relevant case law provides two affirmative answers. First, there is common space between the obligations to cooperate under the law of State responsibility, the ECHR, and the ACHR. Second, analysis also identifies certain features in the relevant human rights case law that enrich the obligation to co-operate under the law of State responsibility. These features are the effectiveness in the protection of the most fundamental norms and interpretation of the duty to cooperate through systemic integration. Systemic integration is necessary to concretise the conduct States are expected to develop as the obligation to cooperate refers to a rather open list of relevant rules of international law applicable to that State.
Military social harm: An agenda for research
Authors: Basham Victoria M , Bulmer Sarah , Higate Paul , McGarry Ross , Thomas Owen D , Williams Andrew
Published: November 2024

This article presents a critical framework for understanding the harms produced by military institutions. Assessments of military harms are undertaken across the sociological study of the military, ranging from public-facing military issues to more inwardly directed research conducted by entities with vested state interests. Building upon and advancing the available scholarship, we introduce the concept of ‘military social harm’, drawing on criminological perspectives that situate harm in a broader range of social and political contexts. This term serves as a tool to explore the pervasive and varied impacts of military activities on society, illustrated through an examination of British military compensation as reparation. This example reveals how compensation regimes weaken a holistic approach to reparation, by undermining elements such as a right to truth or efforts to prevent recurrence. We propose an interdisciplinary research agenda for studying military social harm, aiming to challenge and extend existing scrutiny of military institutions and their accountability mechanisms, thereby engendering a fuller understanding of the direct and indirect costs of retaining and deploying military power.
Progress of rehabilitation in assisted living for mentally ill according to STAX-SA taxonomy
Authors: Jahangiri Erfan , Viljakainen Matti , Silvennoinen Ann-Sofie , Ketola Joel , Hakko Helinä , Riipinen Pirkko , Räsänen Sami
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The transition from institutional psychiatric care to community-based mental health services has resulted in the rapid development of assisted living services (AL) for mentally ill. Focus of the current study is to add internationally comparable evidence-based knowledge on the rehabilitation of AL residents by examining progression and mortality in relation to the level of service provided in AL units.

Methods:

This study utilized data gathered from a longitudinal study conducted in Finland during the years 2020 to 2022. A total of 340 health- and social care records of residents in AL services were examined over a 3-year study period. Progression (changes in AL service level) and mortality of AL residents were explored through the level of service provided in AL units, by applying the Simple Taxonomy for Supported Accommodation (STAX-SA). Progression was grouped into (1) progressed, (2) stable, and (3) regressed.

Results:

During the 3-year study period progression was examined for 95.3% ( n = 324) of the AL residents of which 18.8% progressed into less supported AL, 79.3% remained stable and 1.9% regressed into more supported AL. In the entire population ( n = 340) mortality was 4.7%.

Conclusion:

AL residents progressed into less supported AL services rarely although they had similarities in clinical characteristics. This might indicate that the development of AL services has evolved into a more custodial type rather than rehabilitation. Progress of rehabilitation in AL services should be investigated further by examining AL resident characteristics in relation to the level of service and level of support provided in AL services.
Dissecting the Role of Donors in Capacity Building for HIV/AIDS Treatment, Care and Support: A Case Study of an Antiretroviral Therapy Programme in Zimbabwe
Authors: Magocha Blessing , Molope Mokgadi , Palamuleni Martin
Published: November 2024

Donor involvement in development activities in the Global South has been questioned for failing to capacitate communities in the recipient country. Therefore, the need to establish whether the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in Zimbabwe contributed to capacity building for HIV and AIDS support, care and treatment triggered this study. A qualitative methodology involving semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants was adopted. As a result of the MSF programme, community-based clinics created ART support groups which facilitated easy access to medication and health-related information. Dispensing of medication and testing could also be done in these clinics, which were previously the district hospitals. These interventions reduced waiting periods and long-distance travel to access HIV and AIDS care, support and treatment, thus improving the healthcare quality. Community-influenced strategies are recommended to sustain these improvements.
Energy distribution in 1D chains of foam disks subjected to low-velocity impact at different temperatures
Authors: Reddy M Vikranth , Matos Helio , Shukla Arun , Rousseau Carl-Ernst
Published: November 2024

A series of experiments is conducted to study energy transfer in a chain of foam disks as a function of temperature. These experiments use two different densities of closed-cell Polyvinyl Chloride foams as an array. A puncture testing machine impacts the chain at a velocity of 1 m/s at five different temperatures. Piezoelectric sensors capture the output and input forces of the chain during the impact, while high-speed cameras record the disk deformations. The chain’s energy retention is computed using disk deformations and loading forces. Results indicate that high-density foam chains exhibit significantly higher force and energy retention than low-density counterparts. Notably, the foam’s stiffness decreases with rising temperature, more prominently in higher-density foam. However, the proportion of energy retained by the chains remains relatively consistent across different temperatures. Additionally, both foam types show a pattern of exponential decay in energy retention along the chain. These insights offer implications for designing and optimizing energy-absorbing foam systems, paving the way for enhanced energy mitigation in low-velocity impact applications.
Processing characteristics of C/C composites with nanosecond pulse laser
Authors: Zhai Zhaoyang , Yang Jialin , Qu Yajing , Zhang Dongya , Zhang Yanchao , Liu Zhongming
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of the nanosecond pulse laser parameters on the processing characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix (C/C) composites through a series of laser cutting experiments. It compares the cutting width, depth, heat-affected zone (HAZ) width, processed surface micro-morphology, as well as the oxidation characteristics of the material under different processing parameters. The HAZ width is analyzed in relation to the variations in the oxygen content. The results indicate that both the cutting width and depth initially increase and then decrease with increasing repetition frequency. Moreover, increasing the laser power and pulse width gradually increases the cutting width, depth, and HAZ width, whereas a higher scanning speed tends to reduce the cutting width and depth. Since changes in the processing power, scanning speed, and pulse width affect the HAZ, the oxygen content exhibits a proportional relationship with the HAZ width. In addition, an increase in the repetition frequency can expand the HAZ while reducing the oxygen content. A careful increase in the repetition frequency aids in lowering the ablation threshold of the material, leading to more material removal. Nevertheless, a continuous increase in energy density can trigger a fiber pull-out phenomenon and cause degradation of the matrix.
Many hurdles to take: Explaining peacekeepers’ ability to engage in human rights activities
Authors: Smidt Hannah , Ruhe Constantin , Otto Sabine
Published: November 2024

Human rights are a fundamental principle and purpose of the United Nations (UN). Yet, UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) exhibit substantial variation in their ability to engage in human rights activities. While existing research has investigated deployment and mandates, we explain what peacekeepers can actually do on the ground. We argue that the UN Security Council’s permanent member states (the P5) limit human rights mandates if they have private interests in PKO host countries, thereby diminishing peacekeepers’ ability to promote and protect human rights. Moreover, armed conflict shifts priorities away from human rights activities. We use novel data on 21 human rights activities in African countries (1991–2016) and item response models to capture PKOs’ latent ability to engage in these activities. Random and fixed effects regression and mediation analyses with sensitivity tests support our expectations. We find that the P5’s economic interests in the PKO host country negatively correlate with the strength of human rights mandate provisions, which in turn negatively correlates with PKOs’ ability to engage in human rights activities. We find similar, although less consistent, correlations for P5’s security interests. Yet, while mandates partly define the scope of PKOs’ activities, field-level conditions also have an influence. Specifically, ongoing armed conflict negatively correlates with PKOs’ ability to engage in human rights activities. Our results suggest that rising challenges to the liberal international order by powerful states, coupled with the more frequent deployment of PKOs in conflict zones, will likely increase the hurdles that UN PKOs need to overcome to meet expectations regarding their human rights engagement.
Effect of Veteran-Focused Suicide Prevention Public Messaging on Help-Seeking Behavior and Secure Firearm Storage
Authors: Berger Bertrand D. , Kohlbeck Sara A. , Howard Kristen P. , Birgenheir Denis G. , Chavin Rachel S. , Knowlton Graham G. , Larsen Sadie E. , Larson Eric R. , Smith Heather M. , Spalding Rachael L. , Thomas Katie B. , Vallejo Leticia G. , Buttery Dan , Hargarten Stephen W.
Published: November 2024

Suicide is a major public health concern in the United States. Veterans are among those at higher risk for death by suicide. Firearm ownership is one factor that contributes to veterans’ elevated suicide risk. The current study sought to determine the effectiveness of an evidence-based, multi-media advertising campaign with a specific focus on veterans related to secure storage of firearms and general help-seeking attitudes during a mental health crisis. Results indicated positive changes in (a) attitudes toward seeking help from a health care provider or a friend/loved one during a mental health crisis, (b) attitudes toward firearm storage during a crisis, and (c) self-reported secure firearm storage behaviors post-advertising, particularly among veterans. Implications for future advertising campaigns, clinical interventions, and research investigations are discussed.
Barriers to Applying Knowledge Gained Through an Implementation Research Massive Open Online Course: An Explanatory Qualitative Study
Authors: Penkunas Michael J. , Ross Bella , Scott Charlotte Pana , Thorson Anna , Baron Luis Fernando , Rebai Wafa Kammoun , Bouguerra Hind , Launois Pascal
Published: November 2024

This study explores the barriers encountered by participants in applying knowledge gained from a massive open online course (MOOC) on implementation research (IR), particularly among learners in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the rising demand for quality IR training, access remains limited in LMICs. The IR MOOC, created by the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, seeks to bridge this gap by providing free online IR training. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with participants from the French, Spanish, and English language sessions of the MOOC, and were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Barriers were identified at individual, organizational, community, and health authority levels. Individually, learners requested opportunities for deeper training and expert guidance. Organizational barriers included a lack of understanding and resistance to adopting IR methodologies. Community barriers involved limited roles and opportunities in IR and a lack of networking. Health authorities exhibited a lack of awareness and funding to support IR. Challenges in completing the course included language barriers, strict deadlines, limited internet connectivity, and a lack of localized case examples. This study highlights the importance of pairing online training with practical opportunities to apply newly learned skills. Our findings emphasize the need for expert guidance, improved language accessibility, and diverse case studies to support the development of a robust cadre of IR practitioners. Networking opportunities are crucial for connecting learners with IR practitioners and applying the knowledge acquired. Efforts to address these barriers could improve the effectiveness of IR training programs in LMICs.
Wind turbine and PV power prediction using a deterministic data-driven model with variational mode decomposition preprocessing
Authors: El Bakali Saida , Ouadi Hamid , Gheouany Saad
Published: November 2024

This study develops a method for accurately forecasting solar radiation (SR), wind speed (WS), and air temperature (AT) for the coming 24 hours in order to predict energy production from photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WT) in positive energy buildings. Input data are pre-processed through variational mode decomposition (VMD) for broadband feature extraction, which is then decomposed into smooth modes. The application of the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) aims to optimize VMD parameters to enhance the precision of feature extraction. A thorough data analysis is performed to identify the essential input features. Residual pre-processing between input variables and their decomposed modes further enhances model performance. The stacking algorithm (SA) is used to predict both modes and residuals of the input data. Performance evaluation using metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) indicates a reduction in error rates across measurement scales. For example, under adverse weather conditions, the NRMSE and NMAE for PV power are 2.50% and 1.95%, respectively.
A matter of time: Publication dates in Scopus
Authors: Liu Weishu , Wang Panpan , Wang Haifeng
Published: November 2024

Similar to the Web of Science, Scopus is also a widely used abstract and citation database. Researchers typically employ the Year of Publication or Date of Publication field in Scopus to retrieve, filter and analyse indexed records. However, the inconsistent retrieval results obtained by these two fields in Scopus, which was occasionally observed in this study, may cause confusion among users. In this brief research article, we seek to elucidate this phenomenon by utilising indexed records in Scopus from the past 50 years. Empirical evidence indicates that inconsistent retrieval results retrieved by these two search fields are attributable to discrepancies in the publication year information provided in the Year of Publication and Date of Publication fields in Scopus. Specifically, missing year information in the Date of Publication field, incorrect year information in the Date of Publication field or in the Year of Publication field, and inconsistent use of different versions of publication dates in these two fields are four representative causes for the observed inconsistencies in retrieval results in Scopus. This article concludes by outlining the potential consequences of these issues and suggesting ways to effectively address them.
Learning stimulus for disengaged learners: Roles of outside participation
Authors: Rassameethes Bordin , Kiechle Benjamin , Phusavat Kongkiti , Pastuszak Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

Background

Learning contributes to adaptive performance needed in today’s business. A key challenge is workplace disengagement which can lead quiet quitting. Past studies indicate the compatibility when examining critical issues of learning in either a workplace or a classroom.

Objective

The case study examines the impacts on disengaged learners by outside participation. The business community’s participation focuses on providing continuous direct feedback and creating expectation (or subjective norms) at one upper secondary school where the feeling of disengagement has been prevalent.

Methods

The study’s construct adapts Theory of Planned Behavior and the Double-loop Learning Concept. The survey is completed by 171 current (Grade 12) and former students who have had two-year interactions with the business community from a group of 200 students. Statistical analysis is applied to examine the impacts on learning intention and behavior.

Results

The findings show the positive influence from direct feedback and subjective norms on intention to learn and attitude of disengaged learners which result in positive learning actions and behavior.

Conclusions

Dealing with disengagement should recognize consistency and continuity of feedback when involving outside participants. Feedback design to challenge the learners’ mindset and importance of subjective norm and informal learning are part of this consideration.
What do music listening tests assess? Applying the Rasch testlet models to the HKDSE data
Authors: Chow Joseph Kui Foon , Jin Kuan-Yu , Siu Wai Lok
Published: November 2024

This study examines the adequacy of a general proficiency in music listening for describing how examinees responded to exam questions on various music genres based on an empirical investigation of a public music listening examination. In the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE), Music consists of three mandatory components: listening, performing, and creating. Notably, the listening component is evaluated through a written examination, allowing for objective scoring. A candidate’s performance on this exam has been summarized as a single score, a method that is effective for evaluation purposes, while the underlying conceptualization may oversimplify the depth of knowledge required for assessment. Consequently, we conducted a reevaluation of the HKDSE Music listening test, employing the Rasch testlet model to explore potential multidimensional structures. Our findings highlighted distinctive attributes in questions related to Cantonese opera, setting them apart from others. We discuss the implications of these findings for music assessment.
Are Brothels Markets? Situating Consumer Research at the Nexus of the Essential, the Embarrassing and the Exception: A Viewpoint from Sociological Traditions
Authors: Chaudhuri Himadri Roy
Published: November 2024

This essay critiques the trend in consumer research that deliberately excludes subjects considered exceptional. Drawing from multiple traditions in sociological literature, we analyse the interaction of factors that create persistent paradoxes in social imaginaries - paradoxes that have also impacted the academic community. While the majority of scholarly publications tend to take a reductionist view of consumer concerns, the vulnerabilities faced by queer groups and sex workers are largely ignored, with sex workers being pushed to the absolute margins. The relentless pursuit of tokenism, quantified by novel contributions or citations, has further marginalized invisible narratives of hope and resilience. The article advocates for a more inclusive approach in the development of new areas of consumer research, particularly in the domains of macro marketing, public policy, and transformational consumer research.
Efficacy and safety of percutaneous post-closure technique during the decannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Wei Junchu , Lu Andong , Pan Chenliang , Wang Liangshan , Ma Juan , Bai Nan , Dong Kang , Zhao Jing , Bai Ming
Published: November 2024

Background

In recent years, during the decannulation process for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), methods for suturing the femoral artery have included the pre- and post-closure techniques. The safety and efficacy of the pre-closure technique are widely recognised; however, reports on the post-closure technique are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the post-closure technique using ProGlide (Abbott Healthcare, Green Oaks, IL, USA) device during VA-ECMO decannulation.

Methods

We reviewed 170 patients who underwent VA-ECMO between January 2021 and June 2023. All patients had their femoral artery puncture sites closed using the post-closure technique upon decannulation. The success rate of this technique and incidence of lower limb complications were recorded and analysed.

Result

Technical success was achieved in 157 (92.4%) patients. Sixteen patients (9.4%) experienced lower limb-related complications, including 8 (4.7%) with lower limb arterial thrombosis and 11 (6.5%) with pseudo-aneurysms. Among all lower limb-related complications, four patients (2.4%) required interventional procedures. This study included 170 patients: 80 in the ‘S’ (15–16 F) group and 90 in the ‘M’ (17–19 F) group. In the univariate analysis of different arterial cannula sizes for in-hospital lower limb-related complications, the differences were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). The multivariate logistic model indicated that, compared to the S (15–16 F) group, the M (17–19 F) group was not associated with an increased rate of in-hospital lower limb-related complications.

Conclusions

The suture-mediated closure of the femoral artery during VA-ECMO decannulation is a promising therapeutic strategy.
Acquired ineffective erythropoiesis in pediatric ECMO patients: Higher than anticipated serum EPO levels and lower than anticipated reticulocytes counts were associated with mortality
Authors: Weber Zachary , Yost Christian C , Cody Mark , King Jonathan M , Henderson Cody , Christensen Robert D , Carr Nicholas R
Published: November 2024

Background

ECMO plays a crucial role in treating severe respiratory and cardiac failure in pediatric patients. However, its impact on the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoiesis remains poorly understood. Factors such as improved oxygenation, inflammation, and hemodilution associated with ECMO treatment may influence EPO production and erythropoiesis. This study aimed to examine the effects of ECMO on EPO regulation and erythropoiesis in pediatric patients.

Methods

This retrospective study serially quantified EPO serum levels, measured markers of erythropoiesis, and tabulated clinical outcomes of pediatric ECMO patients. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to identify associations between biomarkers and clinical care parameters.

Results

Preliminary findings suggest a disconnection between elevated EPO levels and reduced markers of erythropoiesis or iron metabolism, indicating ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients receiving more than 10 mL/kg/day of RBC transfusions had higher reticulocyte counts. Non-survivors had sustained elevations of EPO serum levels but reduced erythropoietic activity.

Conclusion

In ECMO-treated pediatric patients, ineffective erythropoiesis is a significant concern and may be associated with higher mortality rates. Understanding the mechanisms behind this pathology could better inform clinical approaches and optimize management strategies. Further research is imperative to uncover the factors resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis in these patients and to develop targeted interventions.
The rise of populist radical right parties in Europe
Authors: Aktas Murat
Published: November 2024

After World War II, radical right parties in Europe experienced a decline, but over the last three decades, they have regained strength, becoming significant players in European politics. Since the early twenty-first century, they have secured representation at various levels, from local governments to national parliaments and the European Parliament. Nowadays, populist radical right parties rank among the top three most powerful political forces in one-third of European countries. In Austria, the FPÖ ( Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs) emerged as the leading party in the 2024 elections, winning 28.9% of the vote. In Italy, the Fratelli d’Italia coalition came to power with 25.99% of the vote in 2022. In Hungary, Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party won its fourth consecutive election. In France, Marine Le Pen’s National Rally (RN – Rassemblement National) achieved major victories in both the European Parliament and national elections, becoming the country’s largest party. Though initially considered marginal, populist radical right parties have become a lasting and serious force in European politics. This special issue features six carefully selected articles, each offering empirical and theoretical insights into different aspects of the rise of radical right and right-wing populist parties in Europe, contributing to a broader understanding of this phenomenon.
Time trends of cancer incidence in young adults (20-49 years) in Italy. A population - based study, 2008-2017
Authors:   AIRTUM Working Group, Stracci Fabrizio , Serraino Diego , Fusco Mario , Mazzucco Walter , Fabiano Sabrina , Tittarelli Andrea , Perotti Viviana , Dal Maso Luigino , Zorzi Manuel , Migliore Enrica , Ferrante Margherita , Gasparotti Cinzia , Ghisleni Silvia , Cavallo Rossella , Teresa Pesce Maria , Casella Claudia , Ballotari Paola , Galasso Rocco , Manzoni Federica , Spata Eugenia , Gentilini Maria Adalgisa , Bella Francesca , Fanetti Anna Clara
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To evaluate short-term (2008–2017) cancer incidence trends in Italy for individuals aged 20-49 years by sex and cancer type.

Methods:

Observational study from population-based data collected by 20 Italian Cancer Registries, covering 33% of the Italian population. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs), overall and stratified by area, sex, cancer site or type, and major age groups (i.e., 20-39, 40-49), were computed.

Results:

In 2008-2017, cancer incidence rates were almost two times higher in Italian women aged 20-49 than in age-corresponding men (202.2 vs 112.4 per 100,000) on account of elevated rates of breast and thyroid cancers. Contrasting trends emerged according to cancer sites/types. ASRs for female breast cancer increased steadily from 2008 (82.4) to 2014 (86.2) and remained unchanged thereafter (i.e., 86.5 in 2017). During the study period, there was an increase for testicular cancer, skin melanoma in both sexes, and thyroid cancer until 2013 (followed by a slight decrease from 2014 to 2017). Conversely, ASRs consistently declined for colorectal cancer and were substantially stable or slightly decreasing for cervix uteri (from 8.1 to 7.7), ovary (from 7.5 to 6.9) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (from 8.3 to 7.6 in men and from 5.9 to 5.5 in women).

Conclusions:

Study findings do not support a unique temporal pattern for the incidence of early-onset cancer in Italy until 2017, as reported in other countries. Increases in incidence documented in both sexes for some tumor sites was counterbalanced by a decrease in other sites. The importance of supporting prevention strategies from the youngest of ages must be emphasized, and the role of anticipated screening should be carefully addressed.
Development of HAWT wake under thermal stratification conditions
Authors: Adjiri Salima , Daaou Nedjari Hafida
Published: November 2024

The evolution analysis of the wind wake downstream of a rotor submerged in a stratified atmospheric boundary layer is discussed in this work. The hybrid model AD-CFD is used, to obtain the velocity field. The changes in thermal stratification are taken into account when solving the energy conservation equation. Results from the unstable stratification case indicate a 41% velocity deficit and 30% is found for stable thermal stratification, at z = 1D. this work show that in a stratified atmospheric boundary layer, an isolated wind turbine’s ability to produce electricity is more impacted by stable thermal stratification than by unstable ones.
Traffic Flow Prediction Using Novel Spatial-Temporal Multi-Head Attention Graph Convolution Networks
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Peng Cheng , Wang Ze , Liu Baiqi , Feng Jiandong , Li Ao
Published: November 2024

For urban development, accurate traffic flow prediction is crucial. Traffic flow prediction data can be used for optimizing public transportation systems, reducing congestion, planning road networks, and improving overall city infrastructure management. Despite numerous spatiotemporal methods used to forecast traffic flow, information aggregation at each site neither produce optimal results, because of the use non-Euclidean distance data. For more accurate results of traffic flow prediction, we propose a spatial-temporal multi-head attention graph convolution network (STMAGCN). It extracts temporal features using temporal convolutional layers and enriches nodes with spatial attention and multi-head attention mechanisms. By combining them, we can extract space characteristics more effectively. We also introduce a novel graph structure construction method that employs graph-based transformations to convert non-connected data points into a comprehensive graph structure, facilitating the effective application of our STMAGCN. This approach improves the predictive efficiency and accuracy of our model by ensuring seamless integration of disparate data sources. Experimental results indicate that the preferential extraction of spatiotemporal data significantly enhances traffic flow prediction accuracy. Compared with the latest models, our performance on the California Department of Transportation Performance Measurement System (PeMS) PeMS04 and PeMS08 datasets shows a slight improvement, with an average increase of 16.8%. Additionally, the average improvement in time is approximately 445.95%.
Telework Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Residential Density and Travel Behavior
Authors: Hook Hannah , Borremans Rune , Witlox Frank
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic was a teleworking catalyst, but less is known about the implications for the built environment, travel behavior, and social equity following the pandemic. Using three rounds of survey data ( n = 474) in Flanders, Belgium—at the onset of the pandemic (April–May 2020), 1 year into the pandemic (April–May 2021), and after a return to normal (October–November 2022)—this research investigates teleworking profiles using residential population densities, necessary trip behavior and satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics. Four profiles are evaluated: not teleworking; teleworking during the pandemic and continuing afterward; teleworking during the pandemic but returning to work physically; and teleworking before, during, and after. Results indicate a negative relationship between teleworking and residential population density, so teleworking options might contribute to equitable access to employment. Alternatively, beginning to telework might prompt a residential movement to less dense areas with more space. Non-teleworkers were generally more mobile (frequency, distance, and duration) in regard to necessary trips than teleworkers. Women were more likely to return to work physically, indicating challenges in work–life balance that might benefit from the structure and separation that comes with commuting. Finally, experienced teleworkers were older and full-time employed, indicating that skill and job competence might relate to flexible contracts that include teleworking alongside employer trust. Increases in and the normalization of teleworking following the COVID-19 pandemic are related to work–life balance, equity, the urban form, and travel patterns, and understanding these relationships can aid in predicting teleworking trends and informing supportive policy.