bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÉCNICAS DE MELHORIA DE IMAGENS PARA O REALCE DE TUMORES CEREBRAIS EM IMAGENS DE RESSON NCIA MAGNÉTICA
Authors: Keglevich Gabriel , Andrijauskas Fabio
Published: May 2024

RESUMO. A integração da tecnologia em diversos campos do conhecimento humano, especialmente na intersecção entre medicina e computação, possibilitou a implementação e contribuição para procedimentos relacionados à aquisições de imagens e tratamentos médicos, resultando na melhoria das práticas médicas e consequentemente na condição de saúde do paciente. No entanto, a obtenção de imagens, como por meio da ressonância magnética, apresenta diversos desafios, tais como ruídos, distorções e outras características da imagem que podem influenciar a avaliação do exame final. Com a finalidade de mitigar esses problemas, desenvolveu-se neste artigo uma aplicação que recebe imagens de ressonância magnética contendo pacientes com e sem tumores cerebrais. Em seguida, são aplicados métodos de melhoria de contraste como o CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization), BCET (Balance contrast enhancement technique) e a equalização de histograma, e então, discute-se quais são as vantagens e desvantagens de utilizar cada método, assim como é explorado a avaliação através da interpretação dos histogramas das imagens resultantes do algoritmo. Ao final, conclui-se que a CLAHE obteve o melhor desempenho entre as técnicas abordadas, destacando os tumores nas imagens, além de ressaltar outras regiões fundamentais para o diagnóstico do paciente.
La formación de sujetos ecológicos en la Universidad
Authors: de Moura Carvalho Isabel Cristina , Gutiérrez Pérez José , Gutiérrez Bastida José Manuel , González Gaudiano Edgar Javier , Sauvé Lucie , Cabrera García Itzel , Velázquez Martínez Bethzabeé , Hernández Luna Yessenia , Luis Cruz María de los Ángeles , Acosta Flores Erick , Arreola A. Flores Daniela Patricia , Castellanos Montilla David Samuel , Martínez Silva María del Carmen , Lagunes Libreros Yarumi Itzel
Published: May 2024

El Seminario de la línea de Investigación en Educación Ambiental para la Sustentabilidad del Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación de la Universidad Veracruzana ha tenido durante la última década un proceso de consolidación y constante reformulación. En el periodo de la pandemia de covid-19, bajo las circunstancias de todos conocidas, incorporamos nuevas estrategias de aprendizaje para reforzar la formación de nuestros estudiantes de maestría y doctorado en investigación educativa. Este libro es un resultado de lo ocurrido durante un semestre de actividades centradas en el análisis de la constitución de sujetos ecológicos. Se contó con la participación virtual de cuatro reconocidos educadores y educadoras ambientales de Brasil, España y Canadá, cuyas intervenciones se reportan en la forma como fueron presentadas. De manera complementaria, en la segunda parte, se incluyen reflexiones de estudiantes, tanto de doctorado como de maestría, acerca de los temas abordados. Convencidos del valor ontoepistemológico y pedagógico que tiene la difusión de este tipo de experiencias, es por lo que este libro llega hasta ustedes, bajo los auspicios de la Cátedra Unesco, Educación para la Ecociudadanía y la Sustentabilidad, inaugurando la Serie Sustentabilidad.
Perbandingan Performa Algoritma Metode Bagging dan Boosting pada Prediksi Konsentrasi PM10 di Jakarta Utara
Authors: Putri Elita Rizkiani , Arianto Dede Brahma
Published: May 2024

Jakarta Utara merupakan salah satu wilayah di DKI Jakarta yang mengalami peningkatan hari dengan kualitas udara berkategori tidak sehat, yakni 21 hari pada tahun 2017 menjadi 117 hari di 2018, tetapi kemudian menurun menjadi 45 hari pada tahun 2019. Kategori tidak sehat tersebut dipengaruhi oleh polusi udara. Salah satu polutan yang ada di udara adalah PM10. Saat ini, kualitas udara dapat diprediksi menggunakan pendekatan algoritma machine learning. Contoh metode machine learning yang terkenal adalah Metode Bagging dan Boosting yang ada di Metode Ensemble. Contoh algoritma dengan Metode Bagging adalah Random Forest, sedangkan pada Metode Boosting adalah Catboost dan XGBoost. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan performa algoritma Metode Bagging berupa Random Forest dan algoritma Metode Boosting berupa Catboost dan XGBoost dalam memprediksi konsentrasi PM10 di Jakarta Utara. Data yang digunakan adalah data harian tahun 2017â€”2019 untuk faktor meteorologis dan polutan lainnya di wilayah tersebut. Faktor meteorologis digunakan karena faktor ini dapat memengaruhi konsentrasi dan pembentukan polutan. Sementara itu, faktor polutan digunakan karena beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan faktor ini dalam memprediksi konsentrasi PM10. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur, pemerolehan data, pra-pemprosesan data, dan pemodelan data. Beberapa metrik evaluasi juga digunakan untuk melihat evaluasi dari pemodelan. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan, algoritma Random Forest menghasilkan akurasi data testing yang lebih tinggi (R2 = 0,6424) dibandingkan XGBoost (R2 = 0,6340) dan Catboost (R2 = 0,6294).
El lenguaje como goce: consideraciones sobre la función estética del lenguaje y la competencia literaria
Authors: Vargas Franco Alfonso
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Abra la boca... [Significación-Comunicación]
Authors: Oviedo A. Tito Nelson
Published: May 2024

Resumen
El uso de estrategias metacognitivas en la comprensión de textos escritos
Authors: López J Gladys Stella , Arciniegas L. Esperanza
Published: May 2024

Resumen
التوزيع الجغرافي لإنتاجية المحاصيل الزراعية المعتمدة على طرائق الري الحديثة في قضائي العلم والدور
Authors: خلف عبدالله خالد , محمد عدنان عطية
Published: May 2024

يكمن اثر طرائق الري الحديثة  على انتاجية المحاصيل الزراعية وكذلك  الوقوف على اهم المشكلات أو الاثار التي تعترض منطقة الدراسة نتيجة الاستخدام المفرط للمياه السطحية في الزراعة المروية وتأثيرها على الانتاجية للمحاصيل الزراعية,  وتكمن اهمية استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة من خلال زيادة انتاجية المحاصيل المزروعة في منطقة الدراسة , وقد تم استخدام مناهج عديدة للدارسة منها المنهج الاستقرائي الذي يبدأ من الجزء الى الكل والمنهج التقني الذي مد الدارسة بتقنيات الجغرافية الحديثة في تحليل المرئيات الفضائية بالإضافة الى المنهج الكمي والمنهج التحليلي القائم على تحليل عنوان البحث ومضمونه واستخلاص النتائج ,  و ان التوزيع الجغرافي لطرائق الري الحديثة فسيتناول في هذا البحث اهم المحاصيل التي تروى بتقنيات الري الحديثة و بلغت مساحة منطقة الدارسة  (3911.24) كم2 اما المساحة الصالحة للزراعة ( 275.236) دونم , وبلغت المساحة المزرعة فعلا (1,860,000) دونم
.  ومن ثَمَّ فان اسهاماتها في عملية التخطيط الزراعي تكاد تكون محدودة ، وهذا ما لا ينسجم مع الاهمية المناطة للقطاع الزراعي. ويجد الجغرافي نفسه في هذا المجال امام ضرورة ملحة للمساهمة في الدراسات التي تتعلق بالموارد المائية وطرائق  وتباين الانتاج الزراعي , وتأتي اهمية استخدام منظومات  الري الحديثة في منطقة الدراسة بالاعتماد على المياه الجوفية التي يمكن الاستفادة منها لسقي المزروعات واستثمارها في النشاط الزراعي لذلك توجه المزارعون الى استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة التي تساعد على الاقتصاد في المياه وزيادة انتاجية المحاصيل الزراعية ضمن منطقة الدراسة
اسلوب التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا
Authors: عدنان عبدالله رعد , فاضل رنا زهير
Published: May 2024

تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى:

التعرف على أسلوب التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا.
التعرف على الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في أسلوب التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا وفقاً لمتغير الجنس (ذكور- إناث).
التعرف على الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في أسلوب التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا وفقاً لمتغير التخصص( علمي – إنساني).

      ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة , قام الباحث بتبني مقياس ( المعموري2018) لقياس اسلوب التفكير الملكي لدى عينة طلبة الدراسات العليا, وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة الحالية (300) طالب وطالبة , وقد تم اختيارهم على وفق الطريقة العشوائية الطبقية لتضم التخصصات العلمية والانسانية , من كلا الجنسين من طلبة الدراسات العليا , وبعد تطبيق اداتي البحث , وتحليل البيانات احصائياً باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS ) وبذلك توصلت الدراسة للنتائج الاتية:
      يمتلك طلبة الدراسات العليا لجامعة تكريت أسلوب التفكير الملكي ولكلا الجنسين ولكلا التخصصين, وفي ضوء هذه نتائج خرج البحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
معوقات تدريس مادة الفيزياء في المرحلة المتوسطة في محافظة صلاح الدين
Authors: حسن علي عباس , راغب مصطفى
Published: May 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد اهم المعوقات التي تواجه تدريس مادة الفيزياء في المرحلة المتوسطة في محافظة صلاح الدين, وايضا مدرسي المادة نفسها والوقوف على هذه المعوقات وايجاد الحلول الملائمة لها لغرض وتم اعتماد الباحث المنهاج الوصفي المسحي للتوصل الى اهداف الدراسة مستعينن بأداة الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات حيث تكون مجتمع الدراسة من مدرسي ومدرسات الفيزياء والبالغ عددهم 78 مدرسا ومدرسة تم اختيارهم بطريقة العشوائية  بتوزيع الاستبانة وفقا لذلك اشتملت على مجالات ( الوسائل التعليمية ،الطالب ، المدرس ، الكتاب المدرسي ،طرائق التدريس )وايجاد الفروق التي تتعلق بالمؤشرات المحسوبة  في اراء عينة  الدراسة حسب المتغيرات ( الجنس ،وسنوات الخبرة) ومن ثم التأكيد من ثباتها وصدقها وملاحظة ممارساتها وفقا" للعينة المكونة من مدرسي ومدرسات الفيزياء وبعد جمع المعلومات من الاستبانة ومعالجتها احصائيا" لغرض الوقوف على اهم المعوقات ومعالجتها..
اصالة التفكير لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: عبد الواحد بلال صباح , حامد الدليمي قصي حميد
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على اصالة التفكير لدى طلبة الجامعة ودراسة التأثير المحتمل لكل من متغيري الجنس( ذكور- إناث ) والتخصص (علمي - انساني ) والمرحلة الدراسية(الثالثة والرابعة), وقد تكون مجتمع البحث من طلبة جامعة تكريت للعام الدراسي 2021/2022.
      قام الباحثان بأعداد اختبار اصالة التفكير وهو جزء أساس من المتطلبات الأساسية للبحث الحالي اذا تكون بصورته الأولية من (20 ) بند, وقد جرى التحقق من صدقه الظاهري عن طريق عرض فقراته على مجموعة من المحكمين، وكذلك استخراج معامل التمييز ومعامل الارتباط للفقرات، وبذلك اصبح الاختبار بصورته النهائية مكون من (20) بند، وبعد جمع المعلومات ومعالجتها احصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون وتحليل التباين الثلاثي, وقد توصل الباحثان إلى أن مستوى اصالة التفكير لدى طلبة الجامعة جيد, وفي ضوء النتائج خرجت الباحثان بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
The Effect of Story Maps Strategy on Iraqi EFL Preparatory School Students Creative Thinking
Authors: Ali Fatima Ameer , Mousa Manal Omer
Published: May 2024

Story Mapping is a procedure which trains students to recognize the basic framework of narrative story in order to enhance their comprehension. The present study aims at finding out the effect of Story Maps Strategy in teaching EFL to preparatory school students and explaining the benefits of using it in the educational process ,This study also aims at:
1- analyze the significant different between the students who are taught using story maps strategy and without using story maps strategy at the fifth class preparatory school students in post test
2-finding out the effect of using the story maps strategy on EFL preparatory school students achievement.
3-Finding out the effect of story maps strategy on Students at four components of creative thinking skill. A sample of (65) students has been randomly selected from the Iraqi EFL fifth preparatory school students from Al-dour preparatory School for girls , in Al-dour, Salah Al-Deen, during the academic year (2021–2022). It represents (76.92%) per cent of its original population and they are divided into two equal groups, i.e., ( experimental and control) . Both groups have been equalized in their age, the parents’ educational achievement, and their degrees in English language subjects in the previous grade of the academic year (2020-2021).The test consists of six questions with its branches that have been developed and tested, its  reliability achieved, and extended to the two sample classes. Results show that Story Maps Strategy is more effective than using the conventional method for organizing, clarifying, or simplifying complex information. Based on the results and obtained conclusions in this work, suitable recommendations and suggestions for further studies are put forward.
The Challenges of Practicum Courses on Online Learning
Authors: Dewi Helga Liliani Cakra , Angelia Chininta Rizka , Mujiono  , Alvin Silvanus
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian government encourages educational institutions to implement Online Learning (PJJ) through Law Number 20 of 2003. With the massive development of information and communication technology and the internet, now implementing PJJ system in educational institutions is a necessity. Hence, in 2020 Universitas Multimedia Nusantara established a Communication Study Program in PJJ. In teaching and learning activities, there are theoretical and practical course. This study aims to answer reaseach question about the challenges of practicum course that are implememted through the PJJ system. The method used in this study was Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 40 students who were divided in several groups based on semester level. All FGD pratidipants had taken practicum coursed, namely the Digital Videography and Multimedia Laboratory. The result showed that the challenges faced in practicum courses are the differences of distance and time to complete group assignmenets among the students, the availability of learning support tools and facilities, and the updating of teaching material content. Alternative responses made by students are by subtituting practicum tools and utilizing social media such as Youtube and Instagram to enrich learning material. This study also found several expectations in practicum course, such as renewing learning materials by using language that is easier to understand, adjusting quiz questions, and increasing the frequency of synchronous virtual meetings.
Marketing Communication Model of International School in Post COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Setiawan Zunan , Pratiwi Ratih , Dhuhani Elfridawati Mai , Yusriah Yusriah , Susilawati Evi
Published: May 2024

International School like Binus is an outstanding international school of Indonesia which other than the language using foreign language, they also participate in international event a lot. However, it contains some problem in the educational system, with Krippendorf’s content analysis, Author is able to discover that English linguistic bias grows up boldly in international school because they lack actual bilateral relationship. That bilateral relationship can be manifested through human resources having important occupation in foreign school or Binus winning international competition.
Digital Marketing Communication Model of Healthy Instant Noodles from Lemonilo
Authors: Wijayanto Gatot , Hadiwijaya Achmad Suhendra , Ganiem Leila Mona , Tabaika Mokhammad A'lan , Rahim Robbi
Published: May 2024

Indonesia is a country that has strong instant noodle culture, most of them grows up with either Indomie or Mie Sedaap regardless they’re rich or poor. Most people cannot resist the taste and flavor of instant noodle; hence, instant noodle becomes Indonesia’s high-ranked product. This time, Lemonilo’s Healthy noodles exists with a different value and core compared to the other instant noodle in Indonesia. Lemonilo’s Healthy noodles exists with Sustainable branding that includes diverse health campaign. Lemonilo’s Healthy noodles that healthy instant noodle with good digital content exists in Indonesian Instant Noodle industry.
Adaptasi Pengelolaan Siaran Radio Anak Muda Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Singarimbun Kartika , Keliat Cyntia
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini meneliti tentang pengelolaan stasiun radio dalam menjawab pemberlakuan social distancing dan lockdown oleh pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemic COVID-19 tahun 2020. Radio Prambors & Radio Gen FM dipilih sebagai objek penelitian karena kedua radio ini menduduki peringkat atas untuk perolehan pendengar anak muda. Perhatian riset ini terutama diberikan pada tahun pertama pemberlakuan pandemic COVID-19 (Maret 2020 hingga Desember 2021); ketika pemerintah pertama kali memberlakukan PPKM. Pengumpulan data penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam melalui aplikasi zoom. Dengan pemahaman kritis teori ekonomi politik komunikasi dari Vincent Mosco, artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana pandemi COVID-19 dilihat sebagai agen perubahan transformatif dalam memproduksi konten siaran. Selain mengeksplorasi bagaimana kedua radio ini menyesuaikan cara memproduksi konten siaran selama pandemic dan situasi yang ditimbulkan oleh social distancing & lockdown, penelitian ini juga untuk menjawab masalah yang muncul ketika produksi siaran dipindahkan dari studio ke rumah. Praktik komodifikasi isi media dan tenaga kerja terjadi dimana kedua radio ini dipaksa untuk menyesuaikan pengelolaan baik dari segi produksi maupun distribusinya ke anggota jaringan radio agar tetap dapat terus menyapa pendengarnya.  Dalam proses penyesuaian untuk memproduksi isi program terdapat banyak kendala seperti koneksi jaringan yang buruk, kebutuhan akan peralatan siaran dan keterampilan pekerja dalam memproduksi isi siaran, termasuk juga jadwal kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan kontrak yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan hidup produsen konten siaran. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bahwa rumah sebagai tempat kreasi isi siaran cenderung memberikan kompromi atas standar produksi siaran yang seharusnya, termasuk distribusi dan kualitas audio.
Social Network Analysis: Political Elite Actors #DemokratLawanBegal on Twitter
Authors: Susi Nurdinaningsih  , Susilo Daniel , Murwani Endah
Published: May 2024

This research explores the impact of the #DemokratLawanBegal hashtag on Twitter, focusing on its role in shaping political discourse and influencing party leaders' alignment. It aims to uncover relationships among elite actors and identify influential figures within the Twitter network using this hashtag. Drawing on concepts like political communication, political elites, Twitter's importance, and Social Network Analysis (SNA), the study adopts SNA methodologies with tools like Netlytic and Gephi Apps. Data collection occurred throughout 3-10 April 2023 to maintain relevance. The findings highlight the significant impact of the #DemokratLawanBegal hashtag in shaping political discourse and the power struggle within the Democratic Party. AHY emerges as a more influential figure than Moeldoko, and Twitter, particularly through this hashtag, plays a central role in political communication and framing strategies. Social Network Analysis reveals a closely interconnected network of actors, with the official Democratic Party account (@pdemokrat) central to information dissemination. Some actors facilitate swift information sharing (closeness centrality), while others serve as key connectors (betweenness centrality). These insights deepen our understanding of contemporary political communication dynamics, offering implications for political campaigns, policy advocacy, and digital strategies.
Perilaku Determinan dari Perilaku Anak Muda Pro Lingkungan di Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Ahmad Rosmalia , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi , Muljono Pudji
Published: May 2024

Perilaku pro-lingkungan berkaitan dengan sikap dan tindakan yang mendorong individu untuk terlibat dalam perlindungan dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Perilaku ini sangat relevan dalam mengatasi masalah lingkungan khususnya penumpukan sampah plastik, terutama di kalangan generasi muda yang akan merasakan dampak besar dari degradasi lingkungan. Penerapan perilaku pro-lingkungan didorong oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain terpaan media, keterhubungan dengan alam, motivasi perlindungan, dan pengetahuan lingkungan. Kajian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku pro-lingkungan di kalangan pemuda Jakarta Pusat. Metode penelitian adalah survei menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 96 pemuda berusia antara 18 hingga 30 tahun yang berdomisili di kawasan Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster dan accidental. Data primer yang telah diperoleh sianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendorong perilaku pro lingkungan pemuda adalah terpaan media, motivasi perlindungan, dan pengetahuan lingkungan. Sedangkan, keterhubungan dengan alam dapat menjadi faktor lain namun membutuhkan mediasi motivasi perlindungan.
Mobile Legend Bang Bang (MLBB) Youtube Video Streaming Sebagai Media Periklanan Dalam Perjudian Online
Authors: Ramadaniar Putri , Muqsith Munadhil Abdul , Ayuningtyas Fitria
Published: May 2024

Dalam pandangan determinisme sosial bahwa teknologi bersifat netral, sehingga ada peranan struktur dan sosial yang mempengaruhi cara pandang dan kontrol terhadap teknologi. Mobile Legend sebagai permainan digital kini sangat digemari di Indonesia. Sedangkan layanan video streaming YouTube sebagai bagian dari teknologi juga popular digunakan untuk pemasaran bisnis. Nyatanya keduanya bisa saja bersifat destruktif akibat dari kuasa elit. Melalui sudut pandang determinisme sosial dan analisis konten pada Mobile Legend Bang Bang (MLBB) Youtube Video Streaming, peneliti dapat melihat bagaimana proses Youtube Video Streaming dapat dijadikan sebagai media periklanan dalam perjudian online.
Unveiling the tapestry: a comparative investigation into data-protection legislation in India and Pakistan
Authors:   Lahore Leads University, Pakistan, Ali Muhammad Imran , Ahmad Hussain Khadeeja ,   Lahore Leads University, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

In today’s digital interconnectedness, data regulation in South Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan, is transforming into a state where profound changes are occurring. This article deals with the contrastive analysis of personal data-protection laws in the two countries, with the aim of revealing the points of convergence and divergence and the reasons that either support or reject unification. Different approaches led to the development of these standards, which encompass varying levels of scope, complexity and risk. The methodology prescribes reviewing and assessing the existing laws and proposing their legislative development. The research exposes the inefficiency in the legislative aspect of dealing with the rising demand for an adequate regulatory framework for data-protection measures. The wisdom drawn from this examination bestows priceless advice on Politian’s, legal experts and all involved parties who are concerned about data protection in the context of digital connections. International best practices can be adapted to inform reforms of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, in India and the proposed Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, in Pakistan to bring enhanced regimes for comprehensive and effective personal data protection in both nations. Keywords: data-protection laws; India; legislation; Pakistan.
Mobbing as a reason for termination of employment relationship
Authors:   Rīga Stradiņš University, Latvia, Tarasova Dace , Justickis Viktoras ,   Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania
Published: May 2024

The aim of this article is to examine mobbing as a reason for termination of the employment relationship. The concept of ‘mobbing’ in the workplace is not defined in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Latvia, and it is necessary to study the need to define the concept of mobbing in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Latvia. Notwithstanding the lack of the concept of ‘mobbing’ in the legal framework, the existing laws and regulations, such as Section 7 of the Labour Law (LL), which guarantees the principle of equal rights, and Section 29 of the LL, which prohibits differential treatment, may be applied to prevent its harmful effects. An employee who has been subjected to mobbing and for that reason cannot continue the employment relationship may exercise the right to terminate the employment relationship provided for in Section 100(5) of the LL. However, the employer may exercise the right provided for in Section 101(5) of the LL to terminate the employment relationship with the employee if he has an important reason, which shall be any circumstance which, on grounds of morality and mutual fairness, makes it impossible to continue the employment relationship. Keywords: mobbing; bossing; psychological terror at workplaces.
Book-And-Claim System For Sustainable Aviation Fuels
Authors: Kranich Christine , Haas Sarah J.
Published: May 2024

This Article provides an overview of the regulatory (legal) framework in which the decarbonisation of aviation is embedded, with a focus on European law. The Article further provides updates on EU-ETS, CORISA, RED III and the minimum quota of SAF supply in accordance with Refuel EU Aviation up to October 2023. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) will be described in detail in this Article, and it is further explained that the use of SAF could significantly contribute to aviation becoming “greener”. As the availability of SAF is still rather scarce, the Article revolves around a mechanism of a global book-and-claim system to unify and scale up production and use. The general concept of book-and-claim as well as the specific one in relation to SAF is explained in the Article. Further, examples of existing book-and-claim systems are given, and the Article concludes with the benefits of a European book-and-claim system for SAF for the various stakeholders in the aviation industry.
Students for Fair Admissions Through the Lens of Interest-Convergence Theory: Reality, Perception, and Fear
Authors: Garda Jr. Robert A.
Published: May 2024

In two cases, Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. University of North Carolina (SFFA), the Supreme Court held that Harvard and UNC violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act in their use of race in their admissions process. This Article examines the SFFA decision through the lens of interest-convergence theory.

This Article is novel in three respects. It is the first article to explain the SFFA decision in-depth. The opaqueness of the decision has led to significant confusion between commentators, scholars, and universities about the impact of the decision. I conclude that the SFFA decision overturned prior precedent and ended affirmative action in higher education, no matter how carefully crafted the race-conscious admission plan. I also conclude that universities will not be able to ignore the decision, or use race-neutral alternatives, to maintain a critical mass of minority students.

Second, this Article is the first to explain the SFFA outcome using interest-convergence theory. I break down the separate interests of Black,[1] Hispanic,[2] White,[3] and Asian-Americans.[4] I find that Black and Hispanic interests remain served by race-conscious admission policies, but that shifting racial demographics and political power dynamics changed the decades-long White interest in supporting affirmative action. I further find that Asian-Americans have an interest in maintaining affirmative action, but that the SFFA outcome aligned with White interests because it permitted universities to continue “negative action” against Asian-Americans in favor of White students.

Third, this Article is the first to explain how the perceptions of White Americans about policies that benefit minorities overrides the significant benefits they receive from diverse educational environments. I conclude that the longstanding and concrete benefits that White students receive from a critical mass of minority students on campus has become less important than the perceived threat of such admission policies to the current societal hierarchy. I conclude that interest-convergence theory explains why the Supreme Court overturned decades of precedent and university admission practices: it served the perceived interests of White Americans.
Data’s Demise and the Rhetoric of SFFA
Authors: Pleasant Shakira
Published: May 2024

The Supreme Court’s holding that Harvard College’s and the University of North Carolina’s (UNC) “admissions systems” are invalid under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was an anticipated result. The Court’s 2016 decision in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (Fisher II), left some speculation that race-conscious admissions could eventually be struck down by the Court; however, Fisher II also offered some guidance for future litigants to address challenges. Colleges and universities needed to use data to “scrutinize the fairness of their admissions programs” to satisfy the burden strict scrutiny and narrow tailoring impose.

Despite previously touting the importance of data, the current Justices of the Supreme Court disregarded the data presented by both Harvard and UNC. Furthermore, the Court ignored stare decisis by discounting the diversity rationale enshrined by Justice Powell in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Since the Supreme Court’s decision on June 29, 2023, scholars and parties to the case have opined about the decision’s impact. Several writings focus on the majority opinion written by Chief Justice John Roberts. Others highlight the dissents written by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown-Jackson, but few focus on the concurring opinions.

This Article focuses on stare decisis and the data presented by Harvard and UNC in the case. It also posits that rhetoric has been used to falsely frame inclusion practices as racial preferences. As such, this Article explores the origins of rhetoric to evaluate Justice Thomas’s colorblind perspective of the United States Constitution, and more specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment. Finally, this Article conducts a deeper examination of the approach highlighted by Justice Thomas in his concurring opinion.
Operando Spectroscopy to Understand Dynamic Structural Changes of Solid Catalysts
Authors: Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk
Published: May 2024

Solid materials like heterogeneous catalysts are highly dynamic and continuously tend to change when exposed to the reaction environment. To understand the catalyst system under true reaction conditions,operando spectroscopy is the key to unravel small changes, which can ultimately lead to a significant difference in catalytic activity and selectivity. This was also the topic of the 7th International Congress on Operando Spectroscopy in Switzerland in 2023. In this article, we discuss various examples to introduce and demonstrate the importance of this area, including examples from emission control for clean air (e.g. CO oxidation), oxidation catalysis in the chemical industry (e.g. oxidation of isobutene), future power-to-X processes (electrocatalysis, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol), and non-oxidative conversion of methane. All of these processes are equally relevant to the chemical industry. Complementary operando techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to derive the ultimate structure of the catalyst. The variety of conditions requires distinctly different operando cells that can reach a temperature range of 400–1000 °C and pressures up to 40 bar. The best compromise for both the spectroscopy and the catalytic reaction is needed. As an outlook, we highlight emerging methods such as modulation-excitation spectroscopy (MES) or quick-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (QEXAFS) and X-ray photon in/out techniques, which can provide better sensitivity or extend X-ray based operando studies.
SPATIAL PATTERNING OF THE THIRD LAYER STRUCTURES AT THE TRETIY MYS SITE
Authors: Симоненко А.А. , Хайкунова Н.А. , Жилин М.Г. , Константинов Е.А.
Published: May 2024

Соотношение разнотипных неоднородных структур обитания, имеющих четкие границы и разнесенных в плане, залегающих в одной стратиграфической позиции и близких хронологически, - одна из актуальных проблем палеолитоведения. При условии идентичности технико-типологических характеристик кремневого материала возникает вопрос: считать подобные структуры остатками одного поселения или разновременными посещениями данной территории с интервалом в один/несколько сезонов родственными группами охотников? При работе с материалами третьего слоя позднепалеолитической стоянки Третий Мыс основной задачей было сравнение различных характеристик и признаков двух неоднородных структур с целью установления их одновременности или разновременности.

Among the relevant issues of the Paleolithic archaeology there is spatial patterning of heterogeneous habitation structures of various types, which have clear borders and are separated from each other within the plan. The structures are revealed in the same stratigraphic position, their chronology being similar. Given flint materials have identical technical and typological characteristics, the question arises: should such habitation structures be considered remains of one site or should they be regarded as traces of multiple visits by some kin groups of hunters in different periods at intervals of one season or several seasons? Examining the materials retrieved from the third layer at the Tretiy Mys Late Paleolithic site, the aim of the research team was to compare various characteristics and traits of two heterogeneous habitation structures in order to identify if they were synchronous or asynchronous.
THE ISSUE RELATING TO POSSIBLE MATERIAL TRACES OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORAE POPULATION GROUP PRESENCE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BALTIC SEA REGION REVISITED
Authors: Зальцман Э.Б. , Жилин М.Г.
Published: May 2024

В статье представлен анализ разнородных поздненеолитических древностей с территории Калининградской области в их связи с культурой шаровидных амфор (далее - КША). Характеристике подвергнуты «чистые» материалы КША, впервые обнаруженные как в пределах местных поселений вблизи побережья, так и в крайней восточной части региона, вне инокультурного контекста. Выявленные в районе Виштынецкого озера остатки ритуального приношения в виде двух кремнёвых топоров и фрагментов сосуда, по всем признакам происходящих из КША, являются, по-видимому, показателем кратковременного присутствия на этом участке группы носителей данной культуры. Также не исключается, если основываться на пока еще редких находках керамики КША, вероятность продвижения небольших групп населения КША в западном направлении. Неудачные попытки проникнуть как можно ближе к побережью связаны с наличием залежей янтаря, сбор которого контролировали сообщества приморской культуры шнуровой керамики. К середине III тыс. до н. э. или даже несколько ранее, судя по обнаруженным на поселениях приморской культуры отдельным фрагментам посуды КША и увеличению числа «амфорных» признаков в приморской керамике, устанавливаются постоянные связи между двумя культурными образованиями, принимая, видимо, разносторонний характер.

The paper analyzes diverse Late Neolithic antiquities from the Kaliningrad region in the context of their links with the Globular Amphorae culture (GAC). «Pure» GAC materials discovered for the first time both at the local settlements near the maritime coast and in the outmost eastern part of the region outside the inocultural context have been characterized. Remains of the ritual offerings, namely, two flint axes and vessel fragments, discovered in the Lake Vistytis region which, based on all characteristics, are attributed to the GAC, suggest a short-term presence of this group individuals in the area. Given still rare finds of the GAC ceramics, we cannot rule out that small GAC groups moved westward. They attempted to reach the coastline area but failed because that area had deposits of amber and the collection of the amber was controlled by the Corded Ware communities. Based on the examined separate fragments of the GAC vessels discovered at the Pomeranian settlements and an increased number of «amphora» traits in the Pomeranian ceramics, it can be inferred that permanent links between these two cultural communities were established by the middle of 3000 BC or even earlier; apparently, these links were quite diverse.
METAL VESSELS OF MESOPOTAMIA FROM THE 4th-3rd MILLENNIA BC (PRODUCTION DYNAMICS AND THE CULTURAL CONTEXT)
Authors: Авилова Л.И.
Published: May 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования металлической посуды из археологических памятников бронзового века Месопотамии кон. IV - III тыс. до н. э. Материал рассматривается как индикатор экономических, культурных и общественных процессов, происходивших на Ближнем Востоке. В основе работы БД из 1980 металлических сосудов. Представлен ее статистический анализ по ряду признаков. Применяемые методы включают формально-типологический анализ посуды, статистический анализ их распределения по хронологии, типам археологических памятников и материалу изготовления. Особое внимание обращено на археологический и культурный контексты находок. Металлическая посуда рассмотрена с позиций ее социальной значимости. Автор предлагает реконструкцию практик использования металлических сосудов в общественных ритуалах, в особенности в погребальном обряде. Распространение металлической посуды в элитарных комплексах Месопотамии в кон. IV - III тыс. до н. э. отражает процессы сложения цивилизации ближневосточного типа и является одним из ее признаков. Ее изучение позволяет понять динамику формирования и развития сложных/иерархических сообществ на Ближнем Востоке с точки зрения значения металлопроизводства и его роли в общественном развитии.

The paper presents result of the research of metalware from archaeological sites of the Bronze Age Mesopotamia dating to the late 4th-3rd millennia BC. The material is regarded to be an indicator of economic, cultural and social processes that took place in the Near East. The research builds on a dataset of 1980 metal vessels. The paper contains their statistical analysis based on a number of attributes. The methods employed include a formal morphological characteristics of the vessels, statistical analysis of their chronological distribution, distribution by types of archaeological sites and material they were shaped from. The author is particularly interested in the archaeological and cultural contexts of the finds. Metalware has been examined from the perspective of its social symbolism. The author suggests a reconstructed practice of using metal vessels in social rituals, first of all, the funerary rite. The occurrence of metal vessels in the elite complexes of Mesopotamia dating to the late 4th-3rd millennia BC reflects the processes associated with shaping of the civilization of the Near Eastern type and serves as one of its attributes. Its study offers an opportunity to understand the dynamics of emergence and development of complex/hierarchical societies in the Near East from the point of view of metal production importance and its role in social development.
THE GLADIUS HISPANIENSIS FROM A BURIAL IN THE KUBAN REGION
Authors: Маслов В.Е. , Успенский П.С.
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматриваются материалы воинского сарматского погребения, впущенного в курган эпохи бронзы. В число сопровождающего инвентаря входили керамический кувшин и меч, который по морфологическим характеристикам можно отнести к типу «Gladius Hispaniensis». Появление данного типа клинкового вооружения в Прикубанье, очевидно, относится к эпохе митридатовых войн.

The paper describes artifacts from a Sarmatian warrior grave that was a secondary burial in a Bronze Age kurgan. The funerary assemblage included a ceramic jar and a sword that can be attributed to the Gladius Hispaniensis type based on its morphological characteristics. It is clear that this type of bladed weaponry appeared in the Kuban region during the Mithridatic wars.
TWO BURIALS FROM THE MIGRATION PERIOD FOUND DURING THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE UST’-ALMA CEMETERY IN 2022
Authors: Труфанов А.А. , Зайцев Ю.П. , Шкрибляк И.И.
Published: May 2024

Эпоха Великого переселения народов представлена в Западном Крыму редкими захоронениями кочевников-гуннов, открытыми на территории заброшенных позднескифских городищ и могильников. В 2022 г. на южном участке Усть-Аль-минского некрополя были открыты еще два погребения, относящихся к этой эпохе, впущенные в погребальные камеры позднескифских склепов, переставших к тому времени функционировать. Ввиду того, что подобных объектов до сих пор найдено немного, их публикация представляется целесообразной. Одно из погребений (№ 1293/1), принадлежавшее мужчине, может быть датировано в пределах последней четверти IV - первой половины V в. н. э., другое (№ 1313/1), принадлежавшее женщине монголоидного типа, было совершено в первой половине V в. н. э.

The Migration Period in western Crimea is represented by rare graves of nomadic Huns which have been discovered in abandoned Late Scythian fortified settlements and cemeteries. In 2022 two more graves dating to this period were discovered in the southern sections of the Ust’-Alma cemetery; these were secondary graves made in the burial chambers of the Late Scythian vaults that were not in operation anymore. Given that such graves have been found on rare occasions, their publication is quite relevant. One of the burials (no. 1293/1) which belonged to a male can be dated to the period from the last quarter of the 4th century to the first half of the 5th century AD, whereas the other burial (no. 1313/1) that belonged to a Mongoloid female was made in the first half of the 5th century AD.
TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES OF THE WOODEN ARCHITECTURE SITES IN THE ARKHANGELSK REGION AND INTERPRETATION OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT SERIES
Authors: Карпухин А.А. , Гриценко Л.Н.
Published: May 2024

В статье приводятся количественные и хронологические характеристики 13 древесно-кольцевых хронологий, полученных по материалам ранее исследованных архитектурных памятников Архангельской области. Рассматриваются результаты анализа количественного и хронологического распределения серий дендрохронологических датировок, полученных по образцам древесины отдельных построек с учетом исторических данных о времени их строительства. Прослеживается хронологический «шлейф» дат протяженностью до нескольких десятилетий, как правило, предшествующих известной по письменным источникам дате строительства.

he paper contains quantitative and chronological characteristics of 13 treering chronologies obtained from the materials of the earlier examined architectural sites of the Arkhangelsk region. It reviews the analysis of the quantitative and chronological distribution of the dendrochronological measurement series obtained from the wood samples from some buildings taking into account historical data on the time when they were constructed. We have traced a chronological «tail» of the dates spanning up to several decades that tend to precede the construction date known from written sources.
Urban Political Ecology of Concrete
Authors: Gandy Matthew
Published: May 2024

Matthew Gandy considers four ways of understanding how concrete intersects with urban political ecology to reveal new cultural and scientific developments
Reframing Ports with Ecological Concrete
Authors: Ley Lukas
Published: May 2024

Lukas Ley demonstrates how the use of “ecological concrete” taps the liveliness of shore ecologies in ways that contribute to recreating nearshore habitats and alternative ecological futures.
Between Concrete and Earth
Authors: Huang Yu-Han
Published: May 2024

This essay scrutinizes the soil-cement brick (SCB), a half-earthen, half-concrete building material, and its use in U.S.-aided housing projects in Cold War-era Taiwan. Made of cement and natural earth with manually operated ‘brickmaker’ machines, SCB drew American housing technocrats’ attention and was regarded as an alternative to the concrete block but a more ‘modern’ and standardizable material than mudbricks or red bricks. Since the early 1950s, American advisors attempted to engage the SCB in the ‘aided self-help housing’ model, utilizing it as an infrastructure for mortgage-driven mass homeownership in underdeveloped countries. However, the standardized manufacture of SCB proved challenging; the material’s deficient performances resulted in local homebuyers’ skepticism and resistance. Analyzing the SCB as a material that simultaneously presented the characters of the concrete block and rammed earthen structure, this essay aims to recomplicate ‘modern’ characteristics of different building materials.
Concrete Pastoral
Authors: Elinoff Eli
Published: May 2024

Eli Elinoff’s photo-essay reveals the proximities and relations generated by concrete across rural, extractive, industrial and urban spaces.
Modular, Scalable Total Synthesis of Lapparbin
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Longhui , Ogawa Hiroshige , Nagata Yuuya , Nakamura Hugh
Published: May 2024

This work reports the development of a novel synthetic approach for the highly strained atrop-Tyr C-6-to-Trp N-1' linkage, which can be executed on a decagram scale using a modular strategy involving Pd-catalyzed C-H biarylation followed by Larock macrocyclization. Moreover, the first total synthesis of lapparbin (1) was achieved by applying this synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the modular synthesis utilizing C-H biarylation and Larock macrocyclization, discovered in the total synthesis of lapparbin (1), was demonstrated to be applicable to various arbitrary biaryl linkages, including non-natural types.
Asymmetric Csp3-Csp3 Bond Formation via Ni-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation of 1,3-Diene through Carbonyl Umpolung
Authors: Cheng Ruofei , Zhong Kangbao , Chu Xueqiang , Lan Yu , Li Chao-jun
Published: May 2024

The asymmetric Csp3-Csp3 bond formation has been a grand pursuit in synthetic chemistry. The regio- and enantionselective hydroalkylation of 1,3-diene has emerged as an appealing approach for constructing chiral allylic Csp3-Csp3 bonds. However, this method is presently confined to the use of stabilized Csp3 nucleophilic substrates. Herein, we present a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkylation of 1,3-dienes with simple unstablized alkyl carbanion enabled by hydrazones umpolung under mild reaction conditions. A range of simple alkylated chiral allylic compounds were generated in good to excellent yields, with enantiomeric ratio (er) of up to 2:98 in forming the Csp3-Csp3 bond. The protocol is applicable to heterocycles, polyenes and unsaturated hydrazones, as well as amenable for late-stage functionalizations of various complex pharmaceuticals. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the mechanism and enantioselectivity of the reaction. An enantiocontrol model is also proposed, emphasizing the crucial role of a chiral NHC ligand in facilitating this asymmetric reaction, as revealed by the two-layer two-dimensional (2D) contour maps.
Total Synthesis of (–)-Rauvomine B via a Strain-Promoted Intramolecular Cyclopropanation
Authors: Aquilina Jake , Banerjee Ankush , Morais Gabriel , Chen Shuming , Smith Myles
Published: May 2024

We describe the first total synthesis of the unusual cyclopropane-containing indole alkaloid (–)-rauvomine B via a strategy centered upon intramolecular cyclopropanation of a tetracyclic N-sulfonyl triazole. Preparation of this precursor evolved through two generations of synthesis, with the ultimately successful route involving a palladium-catalyzed stereospecific allylic amination, a cis-selective Pictet–Spengler reaction, and ring-closing metathesis as important bond-forming reactions. The key cyclopropanation step was found to be highly dependent on the structure and conformational strain of the indoloquinolizidine N-sulfonyl triazole precursor, the origins of which are explored computationally through DFT studies. Overall, our synthesis proceeds in 11 total steps and 2.4% yield from commercial materials.