bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Headache attributed to cranial venous sinus stenting: A case series and literature review
Authors: Su Hui , Li Baomin , Wang Jun , Tian Chenglin , Cao Xiangyu , Du Zhihua , Liu Xinfeng , Liu Ruozhuo , Yu Shengyuan
Published: May 2019

Background

The diagnostic criteria for headache attributable to cranial venous sinus stenting were first formalized in the recently published third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). However, the diagnostic criteria for headache caused by cranial venous sinus stenting are based on very few data and the condition is poorly characterized.

Objectives

To validate the diagnostic criteria for cranial venous sinus stenting headache by retrospectively studying the characteristics of headache in patients with isolated pulsatile tinnitus who underwent curative cranial venous sinus stenting and who had not previously complained of headache.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively studied clinical, radiological, and manometric data from patients with isolated venous pulsatile tinnitus who had not previously reported headache. All patients underwent lateral sinus stenting in our institution between October 2010 and February 2018.

Results

Forty eight patients, 47 females and one male, were enrolled. The mean age at symptom onset was 36.2 ± 8.7 years and the mean body mass index was 24.0 ± 3.2 kg/m2. Lateral sinus stenosis was evident in 47 patients and a sigmoid diverticulum in one. Fourteen patients experienced headaches after recovering from general anesthesia. All were female, with a mean age of 35.5 ± 9.6 years. Headache persisted for less than 3 days in six patients (42.8%); for 3 days to 3 months in four (28.6%); and for longer than 3 months in four (28.6%). The headaches were located on the same sides as the cranial venous sinus stents in 13 patients (92.9%) and were principally occipital, being oppressive in nine patients (64.3%) and of moderate intensity in seven (50%). Age at onset of pulsatile tinnitus and body mass index were significantly associated with headache ( p < 0.05; t-test).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe cranial venous sinus stenting headache in detail. We found that de novo headache developed after cranial venous sinus stenting, and was usually mild to moderate, unilateral, but oppressive; almost one-third of such headaches persisted for more than 3 months. Researchers and clinicians must become familiar with this headache spectrum; further prospective studies are required.
Analyzing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes at the Corridor Level: Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Al-Mahameed Farah J. , Qin Xiao , Schneider Robert J. , Shaon Mohammad Razaur Rahman
Published: May 2019

Pedestrian and bicycle crashes have been increasing at an alarming pace in recent years. Between 2009 and 2016, annual U.S. pedestrian fatalities increased 46%, and bicyclist fatalities increased 34%. Crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, or vulnerable road users (VRUs), are negatively correlated with roadway factors, and positively correlated with environmental and socioeconomic factors. However, specific variables representing these factors are often correlated, making it difficult to accurately characterize relationships between individual variables and pedestrian and bicyclist safety. This study used the structural equation model technique to overcome this problem. Pedestrian and bicyclist crash frequency and more than 60 explanatory variables for 200 highway corridors in Wisconsin were collected. The interrelationships between observed “manifest” variables and unobserved “latent” variables were tested. The results suggest that the most important latent variables influencing the crash frequency of VRUs are bicycle/pedestrian-oriented roadway design (e.g., paved shoulders, sidewalks, and bike lanes), exposure (e.g., walking and biking activity, and employment density), and low social status (e.g., educational level, and wage percentage). The benefits of this study may help community planners, transportation researchers, and policymakers with a better understanding of the intricate interrelationship of the influential factors contributing to VRUs road crashes.
Acute Stress Symptoms After Forcible and Substance-Involved Rapes
Authors: Jaffe Anna E. , Hahn Christine K. , Gilmore Amanda K.
Published: May 2019

In the early aftermath of a sexual assault, survivors often experience symptoms of distress including reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. However, less is known about associations between rape characteristics and the nature of early reactions. We designed the current study to examine the unique and combined associations between use of force and substances during rape on acute stress symptoms. Participants were 56 women (ages 18–58) who completed a sexual assault medical forensic exam in the emergency department within 120 hours of the rape and then completed a follow-up clinical phone screening within 30 days of the forensic exam. Follow-up assessments included characteristics of the recent rape (force, substances), history of prior sexual assault, demographics, and symptoms of acute stress. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for prior sexual assault, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, there were no significant differences on any symptom cluster by rape type. However, this study involved a small, difficult-to-reach sample and, therefore, was only powered to detect large effect sizes. We encourage more research examining potentially unique, early symptom presentations for substance-involved rapes.
Planning Local Uniqueness: Drawing the Line between Development and Loss
Authors: Rivero Juan J.
Published: May 2019

This article looks at a redevelopment conflict arising from divergent ways of addressing the perceived uniqueness of Coney Island, a historic amusement destination in Brooklyn, New York. By examining this conflict, this study helps explain the paradoxical confluence between planning efforts to promote unique development and accusations that such efforts have the opposite effect and engender sameness. It also thereby demonstrates the advisability of looking beyond the stark pro- and anti-development distinction to consider ways in which the negotiation of alternative forms of “uniqueness” can provide a means for addressing community demands in the face of perceived neighborhood threats.
Housing for People with Disabilities: A Review of State Olmstead and HUD Consolidated Plans
Authors: McCormick Lynn , Schwartz Alex , Passerini Chiara
Published: May 2019

Although some scholars have discussed the serious shortage of appropriate housing for people with disabilities, planners and housing policy makers have been largely silent on this issue. We summarize the literature, to date, about the housing needs of people with disabilities in the United States. We investigate what progress states have made in addressing these needs since the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) by examining recent court-ordered state Olmstead plans and their U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Consolidated plans. We find that states are mostly aware of the size and housing needs of people with disabilities but have not yet developed sufficient programming.
Landscape Spatial Analysis for Sustainable Land Use Planning: A Two-Scale Approach to the Seville Metropolitan Area
Authors: Feria Toribio José María , Santiago Ramos Jesús
Published: May 2019

Metropolitan areas are complex, dynamic spatial systems. This paper sets out a spatial analysis methodology suitable to address the internal complexity of metropolitan landscape change and which results could be useful for decision making in the context of sustainable land use planning. A two-scale approach is adopted for the analysis of recent land use changes in the metropolitan area of Seville (Spain), being the methodology applied to both the whole metropolitan area and two different landscape units. Distinct landscape change patterns and urban growth models are identified for the units studied. On the basis of the results, the convenience of a multiscale planning approach is highlighted.
Field Education and Community-Based Planning in a Worst-Case Scenario
Authors: Kennedy Marie , Tilly Chris
Published: May 2019

Community-engaged planning education and community-based planning are often uphill battles. This article uses the case of a Mexican village to illustrate a pedagogical model that trains students as participatory planners by immersing them in a community-based planning project, an approach we call transformative learning and community development. We join larger debates on education and participation—arguing that students can and should learn about participatory planning by doing it; that while community participation sometimes reproduces unequal power relations, it can also be structured to challenge them; and that successful planning and teaching require a dialectic between expertise and broad participation.
Indian trouble
Authors: Chacón Gloria Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

This exploratory essay thinks through late-20th and early 21st century autobiographical novels and storytelling by indigenous migrants from Mexico and Central America. The think-piece examines the idea of “archiving selves” as well as the literary sensibilities of Manuel Olmos, Alma Murrieta, and Lamberto Roque Hernández. Focusing on how these non-professional writers document their border crossings and recount their uprooted lives in California, this essay casts new questions on indigenous Mesoamerican futurities that intersect—and depart from—Latino/a Studies and Native American Studies. It examines how a new social and cultural formation—indigenous-cum-migrant—is unfolding and revealing contemporary configurations on language and ethnic belonging.
Improving the tribological and mechanical properties of polyimide composites by incorporating functionalized graphene
Authors: Li Yuqi , Zhang Qiu , Ruan Hong , Li Fengan , Xu Xu , Huang Xiaohua , Lu Shaorong
Published: May 2019

To explore the effect of added graphene sheets (GNs) and added perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on the tribological and mechanical performances of polyimide (PI) matrix, GNs and PTCDA reinforced PI-based composites were synthesized via the blending method. The tribological properties of GNs/PTCDA/PI (GAPI) composites with different weight ratios of GNs and PTCDA under dry sliding, deionized water lubrication, and kerosene lubrication were comparatively investigated. A synergism was found between GNs and PTCDA; this synergism endowed filled PI composites with a lower friction coefficient and showed an improved wear rate under different lubrication conditions, especially when the weight ratio of GNs and PTCDA was 1:1 (GAPI-1). Under dry sliding, deionized water lubrication, and kerosene lubrication, the friction coefficient of GAPI-1 composites decreased by 41.1%, 70%, and 35.7%, respectively, while the wear rate decreased by 39%, 50%, and 25.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and the elongation at break of GAPI-1 films increased by 40.8%, 51.3%, and 49.2%, respectively, relative to those of pure PI. We anticipate that this work can be used to exploit a simple and effective method for preparing materials for bearings and transmission parts that possess good tribological properties under harsh lubrication conditions.
Improved pilot training via bifurcation analysis and robust control for aircraft loss of control problems
Authors: Rohith G , Sinha Nandan K
Published: May 2019

Aircraft loss of control is one of the largest contributors to fatal accidents in the aviation environment. The unprecedented change in aircraft dynamics due to loss of control onset and the associated structural constraints make loss of control prevention and/or recovery a challenging task. State-of-the-art autopilots are generally designed for nominal aircraft operations and disengage under off-nominal conditions, hence cannot be viewed as a safety solution during loss of control onsets. Herein lies the importance of providing training to pilots so as to equip themselves to rescue aircraft from loss of control events. Current pilot training methodologies have significant limitations when it comes to loss of control prevention and recovery strategies. In this context, a simulator for improved pilot training based on bifurcation and continuation techniques is presented in the paper. Augmenting these techniques with the current pilot training procedure can significantly improve the quality of training. This methodology can help pilots to distinguish various loss of control scenarios and aid them in taking appropriate recovery decisions intuitively. Meanwhile, a robust control-based loss of control handling module is also presented for developing non-intuitive strategies for loss of control prevention and recovery. This module can simulate adequate control profiles that the pilot can follow to get in and out of various loss of control scenarios. Moreover, it can be used as pilot activated recovery system in case of pilot disorientation and as a fully autonomous recovery system for much complex scenarios. The simulator is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and is shown to realize diverse loss of control events like spiral, spin, etc., and subsequent recovery from the same.
ChoRe: A device for trans-catheter chordae tendineae repair
Authors: Culmone Costanza , Ali Awaz , Scali Marta , Menciassi Arianna , Breedveld Paul
Published: May 2019

This work focuses on the design of a new device (called ChoRe) to place artificial chords in the mitral valve structure during a trans-catheter procedure. The aim of the device is to restore the correct functionality of the valve and solve mitral valve regurgitation, that is, a common consequence of chordae tendineae rupture. An analysis of the requirements was carried out and used to design and develop a first functional prototype. The resulting device was able to connect artificial chords at the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve and at the apex of the left ventricle, also allowing the control of the artificial chord length. The ChoRe was tested ex-vivo in bovine hearts. The qualitative assessment of the ChoRe focused on the performance of the device and preliminary evaluation of the procedure time. Results demonstrated that the device is able to create a top and bottom fixation in an average time of 3.45 ± 1.44 min. Future improvements will focus on enhancing the connection at the leaflet, as well as the overall functionality, in order to guarantee better control of the artificial chord length. This work shows future potentials for more patient-specific treatments in trans-catheter scenarios for mitral valve repair.
Digital authorship and social media: French digital authors’ attitudes towards Facebook
Authors: Fülöp Erika
Published: May 2019

Social networks have changed our relationship to the world wide web and the ways in which we communicate. This applies to the relationship between authors and readers and affects the ways in which authors can and need to be present in the public sphere and enact their authorship. Digital authors experience this particularly acutely, and the present article proposes an overview of the three main types of attitude they have chosen facing the largest social network, Facebook: using, refusing and abusing, each presented through a case study. François Bon embraces the platform and encourages authors to take advantage of the tools it offers in order to reach readers, network with authors, and become independent of traditional infrastructures. After years of almost addictive use, Neil Jomunsi came to quit the network and explained his decision, but also the dilemma upon his return, until eventually leaving again. Jean-Pierre Balpe’s ‘digital installation’ ‘Un Monde Uncertain’, finally, abuses the website by circumventing its terms and conditions and animating a series of fictional author profiles whose Facebook statuses are created by Balpe’s text generator software. Each of the three approaches represents a different response to the constraints and opportunities offered by the social network in light of the author’s situation, their political stance regarding Facebook, and objectives as an author.
Embodied shame and gendered demeanours in young women in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeyasekera Asha L. , Marecek Jeanne
Published: May 2019

In South Asia, shame is valued as a virtue and a means of social control, particularly for women. For Sri Lankan women, shame ( læjja-baya) denotes modesty, purity, innocence, and self-effacement. For unmarried girls, sexual improprieties—rumoured or real—threaten loss of respectability and jeopardise a girl’s marriageability and her family’s honour. We investigated the dynamics of shame and norms of propriety in adolescent girls’ lives by re-analysing a subset of interviews of daughters and mothers (N = 24 pairs) collected in a prior study of nonfatal suicidal acts. Many such acts took place after girls were accused of violating norms of propriety. Other such acts served to ‘blame and shame’ wrongdoers. Girls and their mothers reported further that public knowledge of a suicide-like act sullied a girl’s reputation because onlookers ascribed sexualised meanings to it. We point out the incommensurability between parents’ goals and aspirations for their daughters’ educational and occupation attainments and the rigid demands for respectable comportment to which they must conform.
Combined Autologous Chondrocyte and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Implantation in the Knee: An 8-year Follow Up of Two First-In-Man Cases
Authors: Wang Jingsong , Wright Karina T. , Perry Jade , Tins Bernhard , Hopkins Timothy , Hulme Charlotte , McCarthy Helen S. , Brown Ashley , Richardson James B.
Published: May 2019

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used to treat cartilage defects for >20 years, with promising clinical outcomes. Here, we report two first-in-man cases (patient A and B) treated with combined autologous chondrocyte and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell implantation (CACAMI), with 8-year follow up. Two patients with International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade III–IV cartilage lesions underwent a co-implantation of autologous chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) between February 2008 and October 2009. In brief, chondrocytes and BM-MSCs were separately isolated and culture-expanded in a good manufacturing practice laboratory for a period of 2–4 weeks. Cells were then implanted in combination into cartilage defects and patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively, using the self-reported Lysholm knee score and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Postoperative Lysholm scores were compared with the Oswestry risk of knee arthroplasty (ORKA) scores. Patient A also had a second-look arthroscopy, at which time a biopsy of the repair site was taken. Both patients demonstrated a significant long-term improvement in knee function, with postoperative Lysholm scores being consistently higher than ORKA predictions. The most recent Lysholm scores, 8 years after surgery were 100/100 (Patient A) and 88/100 (Patient B), where 100 represents a fully functioning knee joint. Bone marrow lesion (BML) volume was shown to decrease on postoperative MRIs in both patients. Cartilage defect area increased in patient A, but declined initially for patient B, slightly increasing again 2 years after treatment. The repair site biopsy taken from patient A at 14 months postoperatively, demonstrated a thin layer of fibrocartilage covering the treated defect site. The use of a combination of cultured autologous chondrocytes and BM-MSCs appears to confer long-term benefit in this two-patient case study. Improvements in knee function perhaps relate to the observed reduction in the size of the BML.
The Dubious Relationship Between Make in India and Foreign Direct Investment: The Story So Far and the Road Ahead
Authors: Nagpal Aishwarya , Jain Megha
Published: May 2019

Campaigns like ‘Make in India’ (MII) rely on inviting foreign direct investment (FDI) into India to garner the benefits of spillover effects, although the pieces of evidence so far confirm the opposite due to the weak targeting of the factors determining FDI transfers. Thus, the current study explores the key components that shall be sufficiently pursued in order to assign relevance to such governmental campaigns and foreign capital movement for the future capacity building. In order to determine the same, the present study addresses it descriptively by a non-econometric study based on correlation and linkage with key components like manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index, employment creation, Index of Industrial Production and FDI restrictiveness index and empirically by applying the Granger causality tests (post unit root stationarity conversion) between the key factors of FDI and FDI inflows in India from 2000 to 2016 (from the eclectic paradigm of OLI [Ownership, Location and Internalization] factors) in the light of the MII campaign. The result indicates that the ease of doing business, gross domestic product growth rate and exchange rate volatility are the prime factors contributing to the inflow of FDI in India. Therefore, the think-tanks will need to draft such a policy framework that enables the required boosting of these key elements to make campaigns like MII really promising in the Indian context. The same could be harnessed through the promotion of greenfield investments, adequate infrastructure, improved governance, tax reforms, rationalizing land and labour reforms, etc.
Superelastic shape memory alloy flag-shaped hysteresis model with sliding response from residual deformation: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Haque ABMR , Issa Anas , Shahria Alam M
Published: May 2019

Superelastic shape memory alloy exhibits flag-shaped hysteresis with self-centering capability. Nevertheless, shape memory alloy undergoes some residual deformation after large plastic strain, especially under repeated cyclic loading. In order to accurately simulate this behavior during nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, a shape memory alloy flag-shaped hysteresis model with sliding response has been developed. This article shows the gradual development process of this new hysteresis model and provides analysis and verification results to support this claim. A MATLAB-based superelastic uniaxial shape memory alloy material hysteresis model has been developed and was incorporated into a finite element program specifically designed for the piston-based self-centering bracing. This piston-based self-centering bracing system uses superelastic shape memory alloy bars for its energy dissipation and self-centering capability. A proof-of-concept brace specimen was fabricated and tested where numerical and experimental results showed excellent matching. The finite element program was utilized to capture the varying nonlinear quasi-static response of the piston-based self-centering brace. Finally, the piston-based self-centering brace responses from this analysis were used to develop a novel shape memory alloy flag-shaped hysteresis model with sliding response, which was implemented in finite element analysis and design software, S-FRAME. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis proves the effectiveness of such bracing in steel frames in reducing interstory drift.
John Barclay’s Gift to Theology
Authors: Harink Douglas
Published: May 2019

John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift wonderfully clarifies Paul’s understanding of gift and grace. Two features stand out: Paul “perfects” the incongruity of grace; grace is unconditioned by any measure of human worth. But Paul does not “perfect” the non-reciprocity of grace; grace is not unconditional, but evokes and expects faithful obedience in return. First, I suggest that this Pauline relation between incongruous grace and reciprocal ethics is faithfully mirrored in Barth’s Church Dogmatics (which remains under-explored in this book). I go on to probe the relationship between divine being and incongruous grace in Paul. How does Paul’s doctrine of God ground his doctrine of grace, and how does his doctrine of grace inform his Trinitarian theology? Finally, I ask whether Barclay’s understanding of dikaiosynē almost exclusively as “worth” sidelines the possibility of exploring the relationship between grace and justice in Paul.
Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2018
Authors: Smith Natalie K. , Zerillo Jeron , Schlichting Nicolette , Sakai Tetsuro
Published: May 2019

A PubMed search revealed 1382 articles on pancreatic transplantation, 781 on intestinal transplantation, more than 7200 on kidney transplantation, and more than 5500 on liver transplantation published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. After narrowing the list down to human studies, 436 pancreatic, 302 intestinal, 1920 liver, and more than 2000 kidney transplantation studies were screened for inclusion in this review.
The Year in Review: Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease 2018
Authors: Ing Richard J. , Twite Mark
Published: May 2019

This review article surveys the published literature from January 2018 to March 2019. Three themes were identified and articles were selected based on their originality and interest to anesthesiologists caring for patients with congenital heart disease.
A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments
Authors: Mickwitz Per
Published: May 2019

The development of environmental policy evaluation has been slow, compared with many other realms, and many practices are still not well standardized. Environmental problems have some key features; for example they often have long time frames, are complex and concern geographically remote regions. Scientific knowledge is important in environmental policy but such knowledge is characterized by huge uncertainties. The key characteristics of both the problems and our knowledge of them should affect the evaluation of the policy instruments used to address them. An evaluation of Finnish wastewater permits is used as an example throughout the article. If evaluation of environmental policy is undertaken without due consideration of the specifics involved there is a great risk of identifying only minor impacts and low effectiveness. Properly conducted evaluations, however, can help us to make better decisions on both old and new environmental policy instruments.
Operationalizing L2 motivational self system: Improving EFL learners’ motivation through a vision enhancement program
Authors: Safdari Saeed
Published: May 2019

L2 motivational self system (L2MSS) has offered novel pathways for motivating language learners by introducing the concepts of possible selves, vision and imagery. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a vision-based motivational intervention program in improving motivational attributes of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). A total of 51 male and female adult Iranian EFL learners formed the experimental and control groups. The experimental groups received the treatment during an academic semester. The intervention consisted of six steps and included various tasks and activities to improve the students’ vision and imagination. A Likert scale self-report questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. Marginal qualitative data was also collected for a more in-depth analysis of the results. The results of ANCOVAs alongside the qualitative analysis demonstrated that the vision-based intervention was greatly effective in enhancing second language (L2) learners’ vision and motivation. The participants’ ideal L2 self, attitude toward L2 learning, imagery capacity and intended effort improved, while their ought-to L2 self remained unchanged. The outcomes suggest that it is possible to conduct vision-based interventions that contribute to improving L2 learners’ future self-guides and motivation. Finally, the relevant pedagogical implications are discussed.
Antihumanism in queer theory
Authors: Zanghellini Aleardo
Published: May 2019

Although queer theory is distinguished by its antihumanistic rhetoric, in much of queer theory antihumanism is more about performance than substance. This is not a bad thing, for, on those occasions when queer theory takes its antihumanism too seriously, it commits itself to incoherence. I illustrate this through an intertextual critique of Edelman's and Bersani's works. Edelman's celebration of the death drive is internally torn between an amoral standpoint and immoral urges. Unlike recent critical interventions, however, my point is less to impugn queer theory's preoccupation with antinormativity, than the performance of antinormativity that manifests as queer antihumanism.
The Secret History method and the development of an ethos of care: Preparing the maternity environment for integrating mental health care in South Africa
Authors: Honikman Simone , Field Sally , Cooper Sara
Published: May 2019

South Africa, like many low-and-middle-income countries, is integrating mental health services into routine Primary Health Care (PHC) through a task-shifting approach to reduce the gaps in treatment coverage. There is concern, however, that this approach will exacerbate nurses’ abuse of patients currently common within PHC in the country. To address this concern, the Perinatal Mental Health Project developed its Secret History method, a critical pedagogical intervention for care-providers working within maternity settings. This article describes the method’s theoretical underpinnings and practical application amongst nurses. Drawing on Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed and contrary to traditional nursing training in South Africa, the method creates a space for nurses to interrogate and reimagine nurse–patient relations. By introducing nurses to a counter ideology of empathic care, the method seeks to prepare the maternity environment for mental health task-shifting initiatives and ensure these initiatives are more democratic, responsive and humane.
An optimum indeterminate strut-and-tie model for reinforced concrete corbels
Authors: Yun Young Mook , Chae Hyun Soo
Published: May 2019

The failure behavior of a reinforced concrete corbel is complicated due to the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, reinforcement patterns, load conditions, and material properties. In this study, an optimum first-order indeterminate strut-and-tie model that reflects all characteristics of the failure behavior is proposed for the rational design of reinforced concrete corbels with a shear span-to-effective depth ratio of less than 1.0. A load distribution ratio that transforms the indeterminate strut-and-tie model into a determinate model is also developed to help structural designers design reinforced concrete corbels using the strut-and-tie model methods of current design codes. For the development of the load distribution ratio, a material nonlinear finite element analysis of the proposed first-order indeterminate strut-and-tie model was conducted repeatedly by changing the combination of primary design variables of the corbels. To examine the validity of our results, the ultimate strengths of 294 reinforced concrete corbels tested to failure by other investigators were predicted using the proposed strut-and-tie model with the load distribution ratio, the existing determinate strut-and-tie models representing arch and truss load transfer mechanisms, and the American Concrete Institute 318 conventional design method based on a shear friction theory. The ultimate strengths predicted by the proposed strut-and-tie model agreed fairly well with the experimental results. The ratio of the experimental strength to the predicted strength (and coefficient of variation) was 1.09 (28.0%), implying that the proposed strut-and-tie model can represent the load transfer mechanisms of corbels most appropriately.
The news prism of nationalism versus globalism: How does the US, UK and Chinese elite press cover ‘China’s rise’?
Authors: Song Yunya , Lee Chin-Chuan , Huang Zeping
Published: May 2019

China has regularly claimed to have been intentionally and systematically misrepresented by Western media. That said, their general characterization of China is said to see improvement with the initial impetus coming from Beijing’s hosting of Olympic Games in 2008. China’s representation in Western media has now entered what many observers considered to be an ‘age of uncertainty’, and it differs greatly from China’s projected self-image. This study examines US, UK versus Chinese media coverage of ‘China’s rise’ from 2009 to 2017. Our analysis entails a 2.2 million-word corpus of news texts retrieved from six leading national newspapers. A combination of computer-assisted corpus linguistics methods with critical discourse analysis was used to identify and compare linguistic elements as well as the structural dimensions that denote the journalistic positioning across large corpora. We argue that the globalist positioning stands in a dialectical relationship to the nationalist positioning. Globalism may be used to frame press narratives when it is viewed as suiting national interest, and this dynamic differs between the United States, the United Kingdom and China.
Methods, transparency and reporting of clinical trials in orthodontics and periodontics
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Antonoglou Georgios N , Martin Conchita , Eliades Theodore
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the methods, reporting and transparency of clinical trials in orthodontics and compare them to the field of periodontics, as a standard within dentistry.

Design/setting:

Cross-sectional bibliographic study

Methods:

A total of 300 trials published in 2017–2018 and evenly distributed in orthodontics and periodontics were selected, assessed and analysed statistically to explore key aspects of the conduct and reporting of orthodontic clinical trials compared to trials in periodontics.

Results:

Several aspects are often neglected in orthodontic and periodontic trials and could be improved upon, including use of statistical expertise (22.3% of assessed trials), blinding of outcome assessors (62.3%), prospective trial registration (12.0%), adequate sample size calculation (35.7%), adherence to CONSORT (14.3%) and open data sharing (4.3%). The prevalence of statistically significant findings among orthodontic and periodontic trials was 62.3%, which was significantly associated with several methodological traits like statistician involvement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–0.9), blind outcome assessor (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2–1.0), lack of prospective trial registration (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.3–5.9) and non-adherence to CONSORT (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.3–15.8).

Conclusions:

Although trials in orthodontics seem to be significantly worse compared to periodontics in aspects like trial registration, adherence to CONSORT and declaration of competing interests or financial support, their methods do seem to have improved considerably in recent years.
Pedagogy as activist practice: A reflection on the Cultural Policy and Management degree in South Africa
Authors: Joffe Avril
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses the pedagogical responses of the Wits University Cultural Policy and Management Department to the needs of our students in the postcolonial context of South Africa. It reviews the challenges experienced by our postgraduate students and the resultant innovations in both curriculum design and learning and teaching practice. While in many respects the drivers for this programme are similar to those in the Global North, the key challenges posed by our location on the African continent and indeed made prominent more recently in the #FeesMustFall movement are that the concepts, theories and case studies we draw from are specific to and rooted in the African context and reality. Preparing students for work as managers in cultural organisations has increasingly given way to engaging as activists and strategists with the policy environment for the cultural economy and to thinking strategically about the intersection between culture, creativity and the economy.
Creative economy, cultural economics and entrepreneurship – Questions for a masters programme in its adolescence. An Interview with Mariangela Lavanga and Ellen Loots
Authors: Vickery Jonathan , Lavanga Mariangela , Loots Ellen
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this interview is to discuss the aims, objectives and achievements of a pioneering European masters degree – in the context of the politics of higher education and the economics of the creative industries.
Experimental study of the coherent vorticity in slightly under-expanded supersonic screeching jets
Authors: Mercier Bertrand , Castelain Thomas , Bailly Christophe
Published: May 2019

The noise generation mechanism of screech tone by shock leakage in underexpended round jets is experimentally investigated by means of phase-averaged velocity fields. Two jet flows at Mach numbers 1.10 and 1.15 are measured by a particle image velocimetry apparatus simultaneously with their near acoustic fields and sorted according to their phase with respect to a screech period. The coherent vorticity fields are then computed and analyzed. They depict two distinct regions of high level of vorticity fluctuations. Thanks to the knowledge about shock leakage gathered in previous studies, the role of both regions in the acoustic generation process is identified and a region of the flow is recognized as suitable for emitting acoustic waves. Phase-averaged schlieren visualizations are also computed and used to determine the motion of the first five shocks over a screech period. For both jets, the peak shock motion is found at the fourth shock tip. This shock is also located in the region recognized as favorable for the shock leakage to be observed.
All the great things you can do with trademark data: Taking stock and looking ahead
Authors: Castaldi Carolina
Published: May 2019

Firms increasingly rely upon trademarks, but management research exploiting trademark data is surprisingly limited. Reasons for this include data availability, awareness, and bias toward other sources, in particular patents. I demonstrate how imaginative scholars have used trademarks to capture several elements of how, when, and to what extent firms bring (new) products and services to the market. Their work can inspire further applications, particularly now that trademarks are becoming more strategically relevant for companies and as more data are becoming available. After taking stock of what has already been achieved, I look ahead to original research by discussing conceptual and methodological opportunities.
Why action needs compassion: Creating space for experiences of powerlessness and suffering in participatory action research
Authors: Duijs Saskia E , Baur Vivianne E , Abma Tineke A
Published: May 2019

Participatory action research is often informed by strength-based approaches such as appreciative inquiry. However, when social change and collective action appear to be difficult, feelings of powerlessness and suffering can arise. There is an ongoing debate on the place and importance of these so-called negative emotions within strength-based approaches. In a participatory action research project on citizen participation in the Netherlands we encountered a social and political context that was beyond our ability to change. We came to realize that change or action is not always possible in participatory action research and that ‘pushing’ for action can become a disempowering experience for those involved. In this article we share the moral dilemmas that we encountered and reflect on our own learning experiences as academic researchers. We argue that researchers need to anticipate upon these moral challenges by reflecting upon their personal position towards powerlessness and suffering. Nussbaum’s notion of compassion can help researchers to create space for these experiences and to acknowledge these experiences as sources of generative knowledge. Researchers should carefully navigate between fostering action and expressing compassion in participatory action research. With this article we aim to contribute to a care ethical perspective on participatory action research that acknowledges vulnerabilities and precariousness in research practices.
Climate change curricula for adult audiences in agriculture and forestry: A review
Authors: Schattman Rachel E , Kaplan Marjorie , Aitken Hannah M , Helminski Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Agricultural and forestry advisers and other technical service providers play an important role in supporting farmers and foresters to adapt to climate change. However, not all agricultural and forestry advisers are comfortable talking about climate change with land managers. While there is a demonstrated interest related to climate-related professional development, few examples of curricula developed with the express purpose of serving this audience and a systematic review of these curricula has not been conducted. To address this gap, we reviewed 12 curricula which were developed and implemented between 2001 and 2017. The goal of this review is to apply the lessons learned from a range of climate change-focused curricula to new, regionally or sector-specific educational programs targeting both agricultural advisers and innovative farmers. Our findings suggest that developers of future educational programs consider the following: (a) the specific needs of their audience, including topical interests and learning needs; (b) the use of interdisciplinary teams for curricula development; (c) trade-offs associated with inclusivity and depth of course content; and (d) the advantages of project-based education approaches suited for adult learning audiences. By applying these concepts to future curricula, these curricula are likely to have the greatest level of impact.
Importance of Preexisting Physical Factors in the Development of Dermatological and Muscular Lesions During Hiking
Authors: Pérez Pico Ana Maria , Mingorance Álvarez Ester , Caballé Cervigón Nuria , Mayordomo Acevedo Raquel
Published: May 2019

Hiking has become very popular due to the physical and mental health benefits it provides. Skin lesions may occur with hiking and various factors contribute to their development. Although some lesions may appear to have little importance, something as simple as chaffing can cause serious ulcers in people with at-risk feet. Few studies have analyzed preexisting physical characteristics in hiking and addressed the development of lesions in hikers. This observational and longitudinal study examines the development of foot lesions during hiking, taking into account the influence of existing skin disorders, nail disorders, and/or toe deformities and other intrinsic factors of participants. The feet of 109 hikers doing a 29.6-km hike were analyzed, considering the intrinsic factors of participants and the possible influence of these factors in the development of foot lesions during the walk. The results show that some preexisting physical factors of participants such as gender, existing systemic disease, preexisting keratosis, dermatosis, nontraumatic and traumatic onychopathies, and toe deformities significantly predispose to the development of skin lesions. These factors also predispose to muscle lesions except for nontraumatic and traumatic onychopathies and toe deformities. Due to the influence of preexisting physical factors, such as preexisting keratosis, dermatosis, and toe deformities, in the development of foot lesions in hikers, it is worthwhile and advisable to check these factors before a hike to reduce the incidence of foot disorders. Ensuring adequate podiatry treatment a few days before the walk and warmup of muscles properly before starting are recommended.
Peter’s Transition to Headship: What Can We Learn From His Experience About How to Prepare to Make the Transition From Assistant Principal, or Deputy, to Principal or Head Teacher?
Authors: Berry Jill , Townsend Andrew
Published: May 2019

The transition for new head teachers (school principals) can be a difficult and unpredictable one. This article outlines a case of a deputy (assistant principal) in the United Kingdom as he takes up his first headship. We describe some of the challenges involved and prompt readers to consider strategies that could be used and support that may be accessed to negotiate this challenging period. In particular, this illustrative case shows how the lead-in period between appointment and formal assumption of the role can be productively used. This article would be of use to readers aspiring to take on a senior leadership roles. But it would also be relevant for people working at district level and others involved in recruiting, appointing, and supporting senior leaders.
One-way fluid-to-acoustic coupling approach for acoustic attenuation predictions of perforated silencers with non-uniform flow
Authors: Huang Hongpu , Chen Zhixiang , Ji Zhenlin
Published: May 2019

A one-way fluid-to-acoustic coupling approach which combines the computational fluid dynamics and the acoustic finite element method is employed to predict the acoustic attenuation performance of perforated silencers in the presence of non-uniform flow. This technique ensures that the convective and dissipative effects caused by fluid flow on the acoustic attenuation performance of perforated silencer can be taken into account. The comparisons between the numerical predictions and the previously published experimental measurements show the reasonably good agreements. The acoustic attenuation predictions of perforated silencers without and with flow show that (1) the effect of grazing flow on the acoustic attenuation of the straight-through perforated tube silencer is obvious at higher frequencies, while marginal in the low frequency range; (2) the bias flow enhances the acoustic attenuation performance of perforated silencers at most frequencies; (3) the grazing-bias flow reduces seriously the first resonant peak of three-pass perforated tube silencer and increases the acoustic attenuation in specific frequency range; and (4) when the grazing-bias flow in the orifices of perforated tube and bias flow in the orifices of perforated bulkheads exist simultaneously, the latter plays a leading role to the acoustic attenuation performance of three-pass perforated silencers.
The dark and bright sides of hubris: Conceptual implications for leadership and governance research
Authors: Zeitoun Hossam , Nordberg Donald , Homberg Fabian
Published: May 2019

Hubris among corporate leaders has recently gained much academic attention, with strategy and corporate governance research focusing mainly on negative aspects, such as overreach by strategic leaders during acquisitions. However, adjacent disciplines including entrepreneurship and innovation identify positive consequences too. How comparable are these findings? Appraising the conceptual and methodological approaches, we find that while the hubris concept has many strengths, several challenges remain. We suggest conceptual and empirical research directions aimed at increasing construct clarity, validating the hubris construct and extending the scope of hubris research. We also propose that research with boards and top management teams can help clarify how they make decisions to cope with the ‘dark side’ of hubris without suppressing ‘bright side’ outcomes.