bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avrupa Ülkelerinde Finansal Gelişmişliğin Sanayi Üretimine Yansımaları
Authors: Büyükoğlu Burak
Published: January 2025

Finansal gelişmişlik özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde birçok faktörü olumlu şekilde etkilemesi beklenen bir kavramdır. Kavram ve etkileri üzerinde birçok görüş bulunmakla birlikte finansal gelişmişliğin ortaya çıkaracağı gelir artışıyla birlikte bağlantılı olarak hane halkının, ülke sanayisinin ve ülkenin dinamiklerinde artışın meydana gelmesi beklenmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sanayi sektörü, mal ve hizmet üretimini sağlayan bir araç olmakla beraber istihdam artışını sağlayan faktörlerden biridir. Bu durum finansal gelişme ile sanayi üretiminin ilişkisini daha da önemli kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı Avrupa ülkelerinin finansal gelişmişlikleri ile sanayi üretimleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Verilerine ulaşılabilen 29 Avrupa ülkesi çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem ülkeler Avrupa kıtasının büyük bir çoğunluğunu oluşturduğundan Avrupa ile ilgili genel çıkarımlar yapılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Çalışmanın veri seti 2000 ile 2021 dönemleri arasında yıllık veriler ile oluşturulmuştur. 29 ülke örneklemi ve 22 yıllık bir zaman serisi ile panel veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup Tahmincisi (AMG) tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak sanayi üretimi, bağımsız değişken olarak finansal gelişmişlik, ticari açıklık, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumu ve istihdam kontrol değişkenleri olarak da gayri safi yurt içi hasıla büyüme oranı ile enflasyon oranı veri setine dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca veri setine küresel kriz etkilerini de görebilmek amacı ile kukla değişken eklenmiştir. Çalışmada uygulanan panel veri analizinden elde edilen bulgulara göre anlamlı sonuç elde edilen örneklem ülkelerinde finansal gelişmişlik, enflasyon oranı ve kukla değişkenin sanayi üretimini negatif yönde etkilediği bunun yanında ticari açıklık ve gayri safi yurt içi hasıla büyüme oranı değişkenlerinin ise sanayi üretimini pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ülke bazlı değerlendirmelerde ise ülkelerin farklı değişkenlerde anlamlı sonuçlar verdiği görülmektedir.
Child Maltreatment Reports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ünsal Hatice , Koçtürk Nilüfer , Bayar Öznur
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a threat to the safety of children and families. This scoping review synthesized the findings about the prevalence of child maltreatment (CM) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in the current study. According to most of the studies (85,7%) involving units where CM reports are received, the reporting rates of CM have decreased. However, the rate of traumatic injury or hospitalization due to physical abuse has increased. Community-based studies involving parents and survey studies show an increase in CM rates excluding sexual abuse. The decrease in CM rates ranged from 8% to 55,3%, while the increase rates ranged from 1,12% to 33,3%. As another finding, parental/ socioeconomic characteristics (e.g., unemployment, parenting stress) increased the risk of CM. Hence, mental health and social work professionals who work with children have a critical responsibility to identify children at risk and to reveal the full extent of CM.
PISA ve Çin, Polonya, Estonya, Kanada, İrlanda’da Eğitim Denetimi
Authors: Güzel Vildan , Ateş Aysel
Published: January 2025

Eğitim sadece bireylerin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek için bir araç değil aynı zamanda toplumsal hayatta yer edinebilmeleri için karakterlerinin gelişimine, bilgi ve beceriler edinmelerine de aracılık etmektedir. Bu nedenle ülkeler eğitim sistemlerinin çıktılarını uluslararası sınavlarla da değerlendirme ihtiyacı duymaktadırlar. Küresel ölçekte ise eğitim dünyasının en kapsamlı değerlendirmesi Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) tarafından üç yılda bir gerçekleştirilen “Uluslararası Öğrenci Değerlendirme Programı” (PISA) ile yapılmaktadır. Bu değerlendirme programındaki temel amaç belirlenen ortak kriterler ile sınava katılan ülkelerin matematik, fen ve okuma gibi alanlarda eğitim çıktılarına ilişkin veriler sunmaktır. Sınava katılan ülkelerin önemli bir bölümünün eğitim müfredatı gibi eğitim denetim sistemi de dolaylı olarak PISA sonuçlarına göre şekillenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak 2015, 2018 ve 2022 PISA değerlendirmesinde matematik, fen ve okuma alanlarında OECD ortalamasının üstünde performans sergileyen Çin, Polonya, Estonya, Kanada ve İrlanda gibi ülkelerin eğitim sistemleri içinde eğitim denetimi uygulamaları, uygulamalarında hangi alanları önceledikleri ve bu öncelikleri nasıl gerçekleştirdikleri incelenmiştir.
Sporcularda Rol Belirsizliğinin Tükenmişlik Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: Büyükbasmacı Yunus Emre , Erdoğdu Murat
Published: January 2025

Literatürde rol belirsizliği bireylerin sosyal ortamlardaki görev yetki ve sorumluluklarının net olmaması ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Tükenmişlik ise yıpranmışlık, güç ve enerji azalması, çaresizlik ve artan tatminsizlik hissi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcularda rol belirsizliğinin tükenmişlik düzeyine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Beauchamp ve Bray (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Davarcı (2008) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan "Sporcularda Rol Belirsizliği Envanteri" ve Raedeke ile Smith (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Kelecek, Kara, Çetinkalp ve Aşçı (2016) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Sporcu Tükenmişlik Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde ise SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma öncesinde kurulan hipotezleri sınamak amacıyla normallik testi gerçekleştirilmiş, sırasıyla tanımlayıcı istatistik analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, sporcuların rol belirsizliği ile tükenmişlik algıları arasında olumlu yönde orta düzeyde (X=,574) bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların rol belirsizliği puanları arttıkça tükenmişlik puanlarında da bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ethnicity in systemic AL amyloidosis may impact risk stratification
Authors: Khwaja Jahanzaib , Ravichandran Sriram , Cohen Oliver , Foard Darren , Martinez – Naharro Ana , Venneri Lucia , Whelan Carol , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian , Lachmann Helen J. , Mahmood Shameem , Fontana Marianna , Wechalekar Ashutosh
Published: January 2025

Not available.
PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN ASET TAMAN TEMATIK BERDASARKAN SMART CITY PARK DI TAMAN TONGKENG KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Dewi Purnama Putri , Shafa Zahirah Afifah
Published: January 2025

This project aims to produce a thematic park asset development plan based on the smart city park in Taman Tongkeng which consists of Facilities, Water, Green Space, Paving Roadway, and Users as well as an estimate of the costs required to implement the project process. This project uses descriptive methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection is based on the results of observations, interviews, documentation studies and benchmarking. This project produces asset development planning with a smart city park concept which consists of a Facility dimension in the form of planning 6 facilities, namely the Water Dimension in the form of planning automatic sprinklers. The Green Space dimension is in the form of bio-swales technology planning. Paving Roadway dimensions in the form of smart parking and ramp planning. The Users dimension is WIFI planning. The estimated cost for this project is IDR 206,363,927,525 which consists of demolition, construction and procurement costs. This project requires a review of the project cost budget, creation of a DED, and analysis of the maintenance required by the park.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING UMKM TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE IN PEMATANGSIANTAR CITY: ONE-STOP SERVICE TAX PROGRAM APPROACH
Authors: Putra Loist Abdi , Ambarita Marthin Hutler , Putra Hendrick Sasimtan , Loist Christine , Sudirman Acai
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the factors that influence MSME taxpayer compliance in Pematangsiantar City, with a focus on aspects of tax knowledge, taxpayer awareness, modernization of tax administration, and firmness of tax sanction. Methods: This study employs a quantitative causality method in a literature and field research design. For the purpose of testing hypotheses, a partial least squares-based Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique was used. Findings and discussion: The analysis's findings demonstrate that these four variables significantly and favorably affect taxpayer compliance. A strong understanding of taxes aids in taxpayer comprehension of their responsibilities, and a recognition of the significance of taxes motivates compliance. Stricter tax penalties have a deterrent impact that promotes compliance, while modernized tax administration makes filing and paying taxes easier and more efficient.. Conclusion: This research provides important insights for tax authorities in designing policies and strategies to increase tax compliance among MSMEs, which ultimately contributes to increasing state revenues and regional economic development.
THE INFLUENCE OF TAX KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL REWARDS AND LABOR MARKET CONSIDERATIONS ON ACCOUNTING STUDENTS' INTEREST IN A CAREER IN TAXATION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENCE AS A MODERATION VARIABLE
Authors: Darmayanti Novi , Bilgies Ana Fitriyatul , Usdi January , Rahma Wati Endang
Published: January 2025

Study This done with objective for determine how much big understanding student about tax can improved at Darul ' Ulum Islamic University Lamongan and Surabaya State University via Knowledge Taxes, Financial Rewards, and Labor Market Considerations, with variable moderation Principle Independence as. Student major accounting at Surabaya State University and Darul ' Ulum Islamic University Lamongan is population from this study. Nonprobability samples use obtained through methodology Purposive Sampling and methods quantitative data analysis. Data on research This obtained through charging questionnaire online to 87 respondent. For analyzing and assessing data, SmartPLS 4.0 and algorithms linear regression is applied . According to findings research, interest student accountancy for chase career in the field taxation in a way positive and significant influenced by Financial Rewards and Knowledge Taxes, desires students on careers in the field taxation as well positive and significant influenced by Labor Market Considerations. Temporary knowledge tax No strengthen on motivation student accountancy in chase profession in the field tax, principle independence increase the influence of financial rewards and labor market considerations work in the field career.
IDENTIFIKASI STRATEGI PEMASARAN MARKETING MIX 7P PADA SEKTOR UMKM
Authors: Zailani Rinawati , Suprihatiningsih Suprihatiningsih
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the 7P marketing mix strategy for small and medium enterprises "Mazzy Craft" in Kapanewon Bantul, Bantul Regency. Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are defined as small businesses owned and run by individuals or small groups. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection using interviews and documentation. The research results show that the marketing strategy used by "Mazzy Craft" uses the 7P marketing mix strategy: Product, by creating product innovation by developing previously existing products and prioritizing quality, uniqueness, packaging and product innovation. Price, is determined according to the level of difficulty of product production and the amount of raw materials used. Promotion, carried out online with the help of social media and participating in exhibitions. Place, marketing carried out offline and online and product delivery using shipping expeditions or according to customer requests. People, "Mazzy Craft" makes its business a job opportunity for everyone and does not carry out special selection, but employs individuals who have skills or abilities in accordance with the parts needed. Physical Evidence, provides comfort and security for employees and consumers, although in the field it still needs improvement. Process, consisting of service, product creation, ordering, payment transfer, packaging and product delivery
PERAN LOYALITAS TENAGA PEMASARAN DAN PRESTASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA PEMASARAN MELALUI MOTIVASI KERJA PADA PT QUADRA INTI SOLUSI
Authors: Suharyon Suharyon , Mukhlis Ahmad , Permana Angrian
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to develop a model for marketing staff performance by considering motivation as a mediating variable. The research methodology employed includes a survey conducted among 333 employees of PT Quadra Inti Solusi, with a sample size of 77 respondents. The findings reveal the following: 1) there is no significant impact of marketing staff loyalty on marketing staff performance; 2) social interaction positively influences marketing staff performance; 3) marketing staff loyalty does not significantly affect motivation; 4) work performance has a positive effect on motivation; 5) motivation significantly impacts marketing staff performance; 6) marketing staff loyalty does not influence marketing staff performance through motivation; and 7) work performance positively affects marketing staff performance through motivation.. Conclusion, to improve marketing staff performance, encouragement from leaders and colleagues is needed, and it is important to give awards for employee achievements.
ANALYSIS OF GREEN ECONOMIC VARIABLES ON THE INCOME OF COASTAL VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN MALANG REGENCY
Authors: Maryunani Maryunani , Jamal Badrul
Published: January 2025

Green Economy is a new concept that is an extension of Sustainable Development. This concept has already been implemented by the Indonesian government, known as Environmentally Sustainable Development. The threat of climate change increasingly reduces the sustainability of the earth in meeting the needs and welfare of humanity. The increasingly modern economic development has the potential to negatively impact the environment. The emerging issues urgently require the implementation of Green Economy policies as the most effective environmental management control. This research aims to analyze the pillars of the green economy, namely Environment, Social, and Economic, in relation to the income of coastal village communities in Malang Regency. This research is exploratory in nature and uses descriptive analysis techniques. The analysis technique used in this study is SEM PLS data analysis with the SmartPLS 4 application. The results of this research indicate that economic factors such as the unemployment rate, price increases, and village economic growth have a significant contribution in determining the income of the Tambakrejo Village community. Efforts to increase community income are likely to succeed if the right economic policies or programs are implemented. Environmental Indicators on Community Income. This indicates that environmental factors, such as air quality, availability of clean water, or environmental sustainability, also play a role in influencing the income of the Tambakrejo Village community, although not as significantly as economic factors. Although its impact is not as significant as economic indicators, improving environmental conditions remains important. Social Indicators on Community Income. This indicates that social factors such as education, access to healthcare services, gender equality, and social security play a key role in determining the income levels of the community.
What is needed to successfully implement the EU HTA Regulation enabling broad patient access in Europe
Authors: Solà-Morales Oriol , Lipska Iga , Meyer Francois , Canonico Pier-Luigi , Altmann Herbert
Published: January 2025

There has been a lot of discussion on the technical aspects of the soon to be implemented European Union’s Health Technology Assessment (EU HTA) regulation. However, there has been limited discussion on the implementation aspects and the potential limitations from a policy perspective. In May 2024, a group of HTA experts with previous policy responsibilities met in Rome to propose some policy aspects to be considered.
As a result of the discussion, several proposals were made. Building mutual trust, improving collaboration and engaging all relevant stakeholders seems a must. Equally important are the communication aspects, and ensuring equal commitment by all parties, allocating the appropriate incentives at all levels. Finally, it is noted that the EU HTA regulation has to be seen from the perspective of a wider policy change within the large EU legal framework.
A Successful Control of the Intraoperative Bleeding from McConnell’s Artery during Fully Endoscopic Resection of Planum Sphenoidale Meningioma Using Bone Chip and Bioglue : A Case Report
Authors: Feigl Guenther C , Bosnjak Roman , Staribacher Daniel , Britz Gavin , Kuzmin Dzmitry
Published: January 2025

The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is a common approach used in skull base neurosurgery to reach the sellar region. One of the intraoperative risks of this approach is intraoperative bleeding out of the carotid artery. Gentle drilling can prevent carotid artery injury. However, injury to smaller branches, such as the McConnell’s capsular artery, which is located within the surgical corridor, is more difficult to prevent. If such an injury is within the junction to the main trunk of the carotid artery, there will be a small circular defect in this area. This can result in massive blood loss and should be closed surgically immediately. We describe a clinical case of intraoperative bleeding from the McConnell’s artery originating from the carotid arterial segment (C4) in a 78-year-old female patient operated on for planum sphenoidale meningioma via endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, as well as provide a technical note on a possible technique for bleeding control in such cases. Pinpoint carotid bleeding as a result of intraoperative injury can be stopped by wedging a bone fragment in the carotid canal and fixing it in that position with histoacryl glue at the defect site.
Student-Centered Anatomy Learning Survey: Insights from the First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Hassan Ali Abdalrahman Kamaleldin , Imam Mujahid , Abdelradi Fawaz Eljili M , Zidan Ahmed , Hamed Mohammed , Taha Sanna , Omara Mohamed Sadig Elkhider , Essa Ahmed Aydrose , Badri Mohammed Ahmed Tahir , Ahmed Nasib Faisal Albasheer , Elfangry Mogahed AH , Elebaid Yagoub Badr , Ahmed Mohamed Mustafa , Hussein Amna , Hakim Lama , Noredin Mia , Elgaili Suhaila Eldirdiri
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Human anatomy is a foundational discipline in medical education, focusing on the structural and functional relationships within the human body. Rooted in ancient Greek origins, the term "anatomy" signifies the dissection and study of body structures. As medical education evolves, bridging theoretical knowledge with clinical application becomes essential. Various teaching methods aim to enhance students’ practical skills and engagement in anatomy addressing the challenge of memorization and application. Traditional teaching methods, including dissection, prosecution, tutorials, and lectures, have long been supplemented by modern approaches such as anatomical models and e-learning. Despite these advancements, the preferences of medical students and anatomy faculty towards teaching methods remain unclear. Emerging trends like e-learning and technological innovations present new opportunities and challenges, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of effective teaching strategies.

Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the teaching practices of The Human Anatomy Department. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire, targeting medical students who had completed their first-year clinical courses. The study took place at The University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine in Khartoum State. The study population included medical students of both genders who had completed their first-year clinical courses. Inclusion criteria were students who had finished their first-year clinical courses and agreed to complete the questionnaire. Students who had not completed their first-year clinical courses were excluded from the study. The study aimed for total coverage of all first-year medical students in The University of Science and Technology with 248 participants were involved. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The questionnaire adapted from a 2019 study by S. Swetha et al. at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, comprised 18 items. These items focused on various aspects of the current teaching methodology and assessment techniques, including preferences for teaching aids, methodologies for theoretical and practical classes and evaluation patterns for histology and embryology classes. Students selected their preferred options independently and anonymously, ensuring unbiased responses. Before distribution, approval was obtained from The Department of Anatomy, and students.
A multi-method approach reveals long- and short-term dietary differences in individual harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the southern North Sea
Authors: Heße E , Boyi JO , Das K , Jung K , Lehnert K , Piette M , Pinzone M , Schückel S , Schückel U , Siebert U , Gilles A
Published: January 2025

Understanding predator-prey relationships is essential for revealing the complex role of marine mammals in exerting top-down control within marine ecosystems and is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. The harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena is the most abundant cetacean species in the North Sea, and most studies on its diet are based on traditional hard part analysis in stomachs providing limited knowledge of its complex feeding ecology. Here, we combined stomach content analysis (SCA), metabarcoding and stable isotope analysis on the same 48 individuals, stranded between 2005 and 2021, to elucidate the diet of harbour porpoises in the southern North Sea. We aimed to increase prey species detection rates and to uncover temporal changes in the diet by comparing individual diets immediately prior to stranding with assimilated diets. By using SCA and metabarcoding complementarily, we were able to increase species detection by 49% on an individual sample level and uncovered a previously unknown prey species, hooknose Agonus cataphractus. Adult harbour porpoises primarily obtain energy from common sole Solea solea and sandeels, while juveniles rely mainly on whiting Merlangius merlangus, reflecting distinct energy sources aligned with biomass estimates. Direct method comparison revealed great temporal dietary differences in adult and juvenile porpoises. Near-shore species with a benthic carbon source contributed most to the short-term diet, whereas offshore species with a pelagic carbon source contributed most to the long-term diet. This framework can be extended to other ecosystems and predator species to elucidate the species-specific diets of animals where direct observations are not feasible.
Comparing demersal fish and large mobile decapod crustacean assemblages in nearshore marine habitats across a boreal-sub-Arctic gradient using baited cameras
Authors: King BGC , Cote D , Gregory RS , Snelgrove PVR , Devine BM , Morris CJ , Angnatok J
Published: January 2025

Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems are experiencing changes in environmental conditions, altering marine biodiversity through shifts in species distributions and composition. Coastal ecosystems in northern environments are vulnerable to continued environmental change, but the remoteness of these areas and challenges associated with sampling shallow, structurally complex habitats have limited studies on nearshore communities. We compared the composition and relative abundances of nearshore assemblages in 7 coastal locations spanning 10° latitude of boreal and sub-Arctic habitats in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, using baited remote underwater video (BRUV). We identified 14 taxa, including 11 fish species and 3 decapod crustaceans. Species richness and diversity was generally higher in southern relative to northern locations, and spatial distributions differed across taxa. Greenland cod Gadus macrocephalus ogac and large cottids Myoxocephalus spp. were the most common taxa in northern areas and the only species observed across the entire environmental gradient. In contrast, we observed Atlantic cod G. morhua, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus exclusively in southern locations. In addition to community variability across locations, habitat differences contributed more to variation in community-level abundances than to the abundances of most individual taxa. BRUVs provided an effective method for comparing nearshore assemblages across northern coastal habitats that are challenging to other common sampling methods. Further studies incorporating BRUVs could track variability in nearshore assemblages over longer time scales and offer an accessible method for coastal communities to monitor change across habitats.
A Possible Role of the Oxidant Tissue Injury in the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Herget J , Wilhelm J , Novotná J , Eckhardt A , Vytášek R , Mrázková L , Ošťádal M
Published: January 2025

Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of changes in pulmonary vascular structure is related to the increase of radical production induced by lung tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia primes alveolar macrophages to produce more hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the increased release of oxygen radicals by other hypoxic lung cells cannot be excluded. Several recent reports demonstrate the oxidant damage of lungs exposed to chronic hypoxia. The production of nitric oxide is high in animals with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the serum concentration of nitrotyrosine (radical product of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction) is also increased in chronically hypoxic rats. Antioxidants were shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. We suppose that the mechanism by which the radicals stimulate of the vascular remodeling is due to their effect on the metabolism of vascular wall matrix proteins. Non-enzymatic protein alterations and/or activation of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases may also participate. The presence of low-molecular weight cleavage products of matrix proteins stimulates the mesenchymal proliferation in the wall of distal pulmonary arteries. Thickened and less compliant peripheral pulmonary vasculature is then more resistant to the blood flow and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is developed.
The Role of Endogenous Lung Neuropeptides in Regulation of the Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: Keith IM
Published: January 2025

Vascular resistance in the mammalian pulmonary circulation is affected by many endogenous agents that influence vascular smooth muscle, right ventricular myocardium, endothelial function, collagen and elastin deposition, and fluid balance. When the balance of these agents is disturbed, e.g. by airway hypoxia from high altitude or pulmonary obstructive disorders, pulmonary hypertension ensues, as characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PPA). Among neuropeptides with local pulmonary artery pressor effects are endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (AII), and substance P, and among mitigating peptides are calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (ADM), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ET-3. Moreover, somatostatin28 (SOM28) exacerbates, whereas SOM14 decreases PPA in hypoxic rats, with lowering and increasing of lung CGRP levels, respectively. Pressure can also be modulated by increasing or decreasing plasma volume (VIP and ANP, respectively), or by induction or suppression of vascular tissue remodeling (ET-1 and CGRP, respectively). Peptide bioavailability and potency can be regulated through hypoxic up- and down- regulation of synthesis or release, activation by converting enzymes (ACE for AII and ECE for ET-1), inactivation by neutral endopeptidase and proteases, or by interaction with nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, altered receptor density and affinity can account for changed peptide efficacy. For example, upregulation of ETA receptors and ET-1 synthesis occurs in the hypoxic lung concomitantly with reduced CGRP release. Also, receptor activity modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) has been shown to confer ADM affinity to the pulmonary calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR). We recently detected the mRNA encoding for RAMP2, CRLR, and the CGRP receptor RDC-1 in rat lung. The search for an effective, lung selective treatment of pulmonary hypertension will likely benefit from exploring the imbalance and restoring the balance between these native modulators of intrapulmonary pressure. For example, blocking of the ET-1 receptor ETA and vasodilation by supplemental CGRP delivered i. v. or via airway gene transfer, have proven to be useful experimentally.
Perinatal History of Hypoxia Leads to Lower Vascular Pressures and Hyporeactivity to Angiotensin II in Isolated Lungs of Adult Rats
Authors: Hampl Hampl , Bíbová J , Herget J
Published: January 2025

The most dramatic changes in pulmonary circulation occur at the time of birth. We hypothesized that some of the effects of perinatal hypoxia on pulmonary vessels are permanent. We studied the consequences of perinatal exposure to hypoxia (12 % O2 one week before and one week after birth) in isolated lungs of adult male rats (~12 weeks old) perfused with homologous blood. Perfusion pressure-flow relationship was tilted towards lower pressures in the perinatally hypoxic as compared to the control, perinatally normoxic rats. A non-linear, distensible vessel model analysis revealed that this was due to increased vascular distensibility in perinatally hypoxic rats (4.1±0.6 %/mm Hg vs. 2.3±0.4 %/mm Hg in controls, P = 0.03). Vascular occlusion techniques showed that lungs of the perinatally hypoxic rats had lower pressures at both the pre-capillary and post-capillary level. To assess its role, basal vascular tone was eliminated by a high dose of sodium nitroprusside (20 µM). This reduced perfusion pressures only in the lungs of rats born in hypoxia, indicating that perinatal hypoxia leads to a permanent increase in the basal tone of the pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity to angiotensin II (0.1-0.5 µg) was reduced in rats with the history of perinatal hypoxia. These data show that perinatal hypoxia has permanent effects on the pulmonary circulation that may be beneficial and perhaps serve to offset the previously described adverse consequences.
Role of Proteolysis and Apoptosis in Regression of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Riley DJ , Thakker-Varia S , Wilson FJ , Poiani GJ , Tozzi CA
Published: January 2025

Remodeled pulmonary arteries return to normal structural conditions after the increase in pulmonary artery flow resistance is reversed. We studied whether proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins and apoptosis occur during reversal of remodeling produced by chronic hypoxia in the rat. Main pulmonary arteries were removed at different times during a 10-day period of exposure to 10% O2 and 14 days after return to air. Content and rates of degradation of collagen and elastin as well as immunoreactive collagenase in tissue and isolated mast cells were measured. Immunoblots for collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) were performed. Apoptosis was assessed by cleavage of DNA and TUNEL assay. Excess collagen and elastin present at 10 days of hypoxia decreased to near normal levels after 3-5 days of air. Transient increases in collagenolytic and elastolytic enzyme activities accompanied the rapid decrease in matrix proteins. Mast cells containing collagenase accumulated in remodeled pulmonary arteries, and the active form of collagenase appeared at the time of peak proteolytic activity. TIMP increased during remodeling. Apoptosis was maximal 3 days after return to air. Our results suggest that activation of enzymes, which degrade matrix proteins, and apoptosis play a role in resolution of vascular remodeling.
Susceptibility to Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias and the Effect of Preconditioning in the Diabetic Rat Heart
Authors: Ravingerová T , Štetka R , Pancza D , Uličná O , Ziegelhöffer A , Styk J
Published: January 2025

Diabetic heart is suggested to exhibit either increased or decreased resistance to ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning suppresses arrhythmias in the normal heart, whereas relatively little is known about its effects in the diseased myocardium. Our objective was to investigate whether development of diabetes mellitus modifies the susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias and affects preconditioning in the rat heart. Following 1 and 9 weeks of streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetes, the hearts were Langendorff-perfused at constant pressure of 70 mm Hg and subjected to test ischemia induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Preconditioning consisted of one cycle of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion, prior to test ischemia. Susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias was lower in 1-week diabetics: only 42 % of diabetic hearts exhibited ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 16 % had short episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) as compared to VT 100 % and VF 70 % (including sustained VF 36 %) in the non-diabetics (P<0.05). Development of the disease was associated with an increased incidence of VT (VT 92 %, not significantly different from non-diabetics) and longer total duration of VT and VF at 9-weeks, as compared to 1-week diabetics. Preconditioning effectively suppressed arrhythmias in the normal hearts (VT 33 %, VF 0 %). However, it did not provide any additional antiarrhythmic protection in the acute diabetes. On the other hand, in the preconditioned 9-weeks diabetic hearts, the incidence of arrhythmias tended to decrease (VT 50 %, transient VF 10 %) and their severity was reduced. Diabetic rat hearts are thus less susceptible to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the acute phase of the disease. Development of diabetes attenuates increased ischemic tolerance, however, diabetic hearts in the chronic phase can benefit more from ischemic preconditioning, due to its persisting influence.
Gambling consumption and gambling harm: Evidence from three British surveys
Authors: Kesaite Viktorija , Wardle Heather
Published: January 2025

This report assesses the relationship between gambling consumption measures and gambling related harm. The report presents new evidence on application of the Total Consumption Model to gambling in Britain. The Total Consumption Model suggests that there is a close link between mean population consumption and the harm that arises from consumption. The researchers used three British cross-sectional datasets from 2015 to 2020, which included approximately 50,000 people. The datasets were the Health Survey for England (HSE), the Emerging Adults Gambling Survey (EAGS), and the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCF).

Results were mixed between datasets regarding the application of the Total Consumption Model. However, the analysis provides tentative support of the application of the Total Consumption Model to gambling in Britain. This suggests that there is some support for prevention policies to reduce overall consumption in the population (instead of only interventions that focus on reducing individual excessive consumption). In addition, specific interventions targeted at certain population groups (e.g., young adults) may also contribute to reducing gambling related harm.
GAPS IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERCIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS
Authors:   All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, NIKIFOROV VADIM A. , NIKIFOROV SVYATOSLAV V. ,   Moscow International University,   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

The purpose and objectives of this article are to consider the problem of gaps in the international legal regulation of intercivilizational interaction using the example of Russian-Mongolian relations. Methodological approach. The main method is the comparative legal method, as well as theoretical methods of analysis, comparison and generalization. Results and conclusions. The article examines the gap in the regulation of intercivilizational interaction between Russia and Mongolia, concludes that it is necessary to fill this gap for the harmonious development of bilateral relations between the two countries and the promotion of their interests within the framework of intercivilizational associations. The originality and value of the work lies in the description and analysis of the problem of gaps in the international legal regulation of intercivilizational interaction between Russia and Mongolia in a polycentric world order.
ABOUT SOME APPROACHES TO THE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN BRITISH SCIENTISTS’ RESEARCHES (PART III)
Authors: GRIGORYAN ALEXANDER S.
Published: January 2025

In the continuation of a series of articles devoted to the research of approaches to international law in the scientific doctrine of Great Britain, this study touches on the views of James Leslie Brierly, a well-known English lawyer of the 20th century. Several generations of British scientists and practicing lawyers have taken as a basis his conceptual views on international law. In the publications of Russian lawyers he is also often mentioned, his ideas are cited. One of his most famous books is «The outlook for International Law». This work contains lots of interesting findings that characterize critical understanding of international law in the UK shortly before the creation of the United Nations (UN), including the English worldview in relation to the formation of the post-war world order and the development on this basis of a «new» international law.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF AIRLINE OPERATIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KASHIRSKAYA LIUDMILA V.
Published: January 2025

Report. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology of internal control of airlines as representatives of cargo and passenger transportation. The tasks of developing and supplementing the tools of risk-oriented approach methodology in internal control are set and solved, in particular, the formation of indicators and the degree of risk for each risk situation of the business process is proposed as the basis of the audit methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the system and process approaches to the problem under study. In the course of the research, general scientific methods of logical analysis and synthesis, in particular, typology and generalization were used. Model. Based on the study of extensive empirical material, internal control techniques, their tools were investigated, which revealed the possibility of making adjustments, in terms of specific elements of the aviation industry, taking into account the peculiarities of airlines' activities.

Conclusions. As a result, conclusions are made that the existing methods of internal control and risk-oriented direction in them, it is necessary to use risk assessment indicators and the specifics of airlines' activities. Despite the fact that airlines are large representatives of cargo and passenger transportation and their activities differ from many companies engaged in the same activities, the proposed elements can be extrapolated to other organizations. Practical significance. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the fact that they can be directly applied in the real practice of airlines. Originality. The obtained conclusions on the basis of the proposed elements of internal control of airlines, in particular, the fixation of risks by business processes and subprocesses, and, on the basis of them, the formation of key indicators, the assessment of the degree of risks, will allow to develop optimal positions at the onset of a risk situation in the form of control procedures and oriented on measures to respond to them.
IoT-based Exhaust Gas Emission Detection System for Motorized Vehicle
Authors: Kadir Sukron , Amalia Zakiyah
Published: January 2025

The increase in the number of motorized vehicles results in air pollution by emission gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC). This causes air quality to decline and threatens public health. This research aims to monitor vehicle emissions using ESP32. MQ-7, MQ-2, and MQ-135 sensors are used to detect exhaust emissions. Detected gas data is sent to the Blynk platform for real-time monitoring, printed using a thermal printer, and stored in Firebase for further analysis. The MQ-7 sensor detects CO, the MQ-2 detects HC, and the MQ-135 detects CO2. The research results show that the tool developed is successful in monitoring and analyzing vehicle exhaust emissions. This hardware is capable of detecting emissions precisely, supported by the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and Realtime Database for data storage. Variations in fuel type, such as 90 octane and 92 octane, significantly influence CO2 emission levels. On an EFI engine, CO2 emissions range from 0.9% to 2.2% for 90 octane, while on a carburetor engine the range is 1.33% to 2.87%. RPM variations also affect CO2 emissions, with a 92 octane EFI engine showing a range from 1.0% at low RPM to 2.63% at high RPM. Overall, EFI engines show better performance with lower CO emissions compared to carburetor engines.
A Modelica Implementation of an Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Fu Hongxiang , Zanetti Ettore , Hu Jianjun , Blum David , Wetter Michael
Published: January 2025

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems generate power from low-grade heat sources, such as geothermal sources and industrial waste heat. A key feature is that a working fluid is selected to match the temperature of the source. With the vast pool of candidate working fluids comes the challenge of developing a large number of robust thermodynamic media models. We implemented a subcritical ORC model in Modelica that uses working fluid data records and interpolation schemes in lieu of thermodynamic medium evaluation for energy recovery estimation. This is a component model that can be integrated into a larger energy system model. It does not require detailed thermodynamic, heat transfer, or machine analysis. Our ORC model fills a gap where working fluids are ready to choose or easy to add, and at the same time can be integrated into an energy system.
Building Power System Models for Stability and Control Design Analysis using Modelica and the OpenIPSL
Authors: Bhattacharjee Srijita , Vanfretti Luigi , Fachini Fernando
Published: January 2025

Ensuring the stability of complex power system models is a critical challenge in the field of electrical power engineering, and the tuning of Power System Stabilizers (PSS) plays a pivotal role in this endeavor. Modelica, an open-access modeling language, emerges as a powerful tool for this purpose due to its distinctive features that facilitate efficient power system modeling. This paper explores the capabilities of Modelica using the OpenIPSL library to create models to analyze control system designs developed for a multi-machine power system model. It particularly focuses on using the features of Modelica for the linearization, control-oriented analysis, and time-simulation of the model. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using Modelica for control system design analysis and performing linear model-based analysis. This work aims to show how Modelica can be used to perform these tasks on a single platform efficiently, thereby streamlining the process of power system design and analysis.
Model-Based Design and Characterization of an Actuator with Low-Boiling Liquid
Authors: Steinmann Christoph , Herold Johannes , Schirmer Jens
Published: January 2025

Visually impaired people rely on special equipment for access to graphic representations in digital form. The available devices are very large and expensive. A simple and cost-effective alternative to the existing concepts for haptic displays is therefore desirable. This paper evaluates the concept of a lifting actuator based on a fluid with a low boiling point for this purpose. A functional prototype is constructed and its behavior is characterized. A corresponding model is built and validated to simulate the actuator and to analyze its operation. It provides detailed information about the actuator that can be used to further develop the design and to make decisions on the usability of the new actuator in the product design process. Following test runs and investigations on the model, the actuator concept proved to be suitable for haptic display devices under certain assumptions. Therefore the newly developed model presents a good starting point for future revisions of the concept.
FMI-3.0 Export for Models with a Clock in a Signal Flow Diagram Environment
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Nikoukhah Ramine
Published: January 2025

The FMI-3.0 standard, recently released, introduces several promising features, such as clocks and arrays. FMI-3.0 supports various clock types, including time-based clocks, triggered input, and triggered output clocks. Altair Twin Activate (TA), as a modeling and simulation environment, inherently supports hybrid systems combining continuous-time and discrete-time models. The discrete-time part is typically activated by events and clocks. The clock types provided by FMI-3.0, however, may differ from those in TA. In the paper (Najafi and Nikoukhah 2022), we explained how different clocks defined in FMI-3.0 can be successfully imported into TA. Building upon this, our current paper aims to demonstrate how various clocks used in TA can be used in the export of a subsystem in both FMI-3.0 and FMI-2.0 formats. Specifically, we will explain the way input periodic clocks and input triggered clocks are exported.
Tio av tio på diktamen och läsa mellan raderna
Authors: Uhrqvist Ola , Andersson Siv , Dimitriadi Rafaela , Hassan Ghazala , Ohlson Cathrin , Stiernlund Jenny
Published: January 2025

Föreställningar om kunskaper olika kvaliteter är en central grund för lärande. Denna studie fokuserar på hur komvuxelever på SFis studieväg 1 resonerar om att lära sig läsa och skriva på svenska. Utifrån Motivation, Språkkunskap och Hinder/möjliggörare som tre huvudteman pekar studien ut vikten av att lärare lyfter fram både praktisk nytta och mer formella språkfärdigheter för att eleverna skall lyckas i sina studier. Detta särskilt i elevgrupper med vuxna som saknar erfarenhet av skolgång.