bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome de úlceras gástricas en equinos
Authors: Razquin-Echeverriarza Patricio , Ureña-Durán Mauricio , Vargas-Arrieta José , Estrada-McDermott Roberto , Estrada-Umaña Juan
Published: July 2019

Las úlceras gástricas son uno de los padecimientos más comunes en los equinos, con una prevalenciaque varía desde un 10 % hasta un 95 % según estudios realizados en diferentes países del mundo.Actualmente en Costa Rica no existen investigaciones científicas sobre la patología, sin embargo, estaforma parte de los diagnósticos diferenciales en casos de pérdida de peso crónica, bruxismo y halitosis.Si bien los signos clínicos son sugestivos de la enfermedad, se requiere confirmar el diagnóstico pormedio de una gastroscopia, la cual permite observar de forma directa las úlceras. Para poder realizareste procedimiento correctamente no solo es necesario el equipo adecuado, sino que también serequiere conocimiento de la anatomía y fisiopatología de la enfermedad para optimizar los resultadosdel tratamiento.ObjetivosInformar a los médicos veterinarios y estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de Costa Ricasobre la importancia de esta patología, así como su fisiopatología y las bases anatómicas necesariaspara poder diagnosticarla correctamente y tratarla, además de poder educar a los propietarios sobre lasmedidas preventivas para dicha enfermedad.ResultadosA lo largo de los años se han realizado múltiples procedimientos de gastroscopia en el Hospital deEspecies Mayores de la Universidad Nacional, con los que se ha logrado diagnosticar y tratar el síndromede úlcera gástrica.ConclusionesEl síndrome de úlceras gástricas en equinos es una enfermedad frecuente en la medicina equina, que sepuede prevenir de forma satisfactoria al fomentar medidas de manejo adecuadas, las cuales deben serrecomendadas por el médico veterinario, por lo que este debe conocer la patología y sus implicaciones.Sin embargo, cuando la enfermedad se ha desarrollado, es importante realizar un diagnóstico preciso,el cual se logra por medio de la gastroscopia. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico, el pronóstico sueleser bueno siempre y cuando se aplique un tratamiento adecuado junto con las medidas preventivasnecesarias.
Evaluación endocrina en animales silvestres por métodos no invasivos
Authors: Suárez-Esquivel Marcela , Castro-Ramírez Laura
Published: July 2019

La manipulación de animales silvestres, tanto de vida libre como en cautiverio, induce estrés elevadoen los individuos, lo cual resulta en potencial detrimento de su salud y altera los resultados de laspruebas clínicas derivados de muestras obtenidas bajo condiciones estresantes para el animal. Poresto, la tendencia en endocrinología de especies silvestres es realizar extracciones y mediciones demetabolitos hormonales en secreciones corporales de fácil obtención, como heces, orina, saliva o pelo.El seguimiento hormonal reproductivo en estas especies es un componente relevante de los esfuerzosde conservación.El Programa Integrado de Endocrinología y Reproducción Animal de la Universidad Nacional (PIERA)ha buscado implementar metodologías no invasivas para el seguimiento reproductivo y la evaluaciónendocrina. Se mencionan dos ejemplos concretos.Se efectuó un seguimiento reproductivo en cinco hembras sexualmente activas de Choloepus hoffmannien cautiverio por tres meses. La concentración promedio de metabolitos fecales de progesterona (MfP4)fue 217.46 ng/g (132.31-302.61) y 1704.04 pg/g (1597.29-1810.79) de metabolitos fecales de estradiol(MfE2), con fluctuaciones que evidenciaron actividad folicular. La duración de su ciclo estral se estimóen 24.80 días (12.34 - 37.26)*.Con fines diagnósticos, se remitieron al PIERA muestras de heces y orina de una hembra dePanthera onca en cautiverio sospechosa de gestación. Se detectaron 2755 ng/g MfP4 y 1377 pg/g MfE2.Adicionalmente, se estimó la proporción de metabolitos urinarios de progesterona (MuP4) y estradiol(MuE2) vs la concentración de creatinina urinaria (Ur). Se encontró una concentración de 281.43 ngMuP4/mg Ucr, y 14.41 pg MuE2/mg Uc. Estos resultados fueron compatibles con los reportados paraotras especies de felinos silvestres gestantes. Veintidós días después, la hembra parió tres crías.Este tipo de mediciones satisface las necesidades de seguimiento, aunque no remplazan las medicionesplasmáticas para determinar valores absolutos.Estos resultados están publicados en la Revista de Biología Tropical.
Extracción de objeto extraño, por celiotomía en Chelydra serpentina
Authors: Vega-Benavides Karen , Jiménez-Soto Mauricio , Rodríguez-Dorado Esteban , Hidalgo-Gómez Emilia , Campos-Alfaro Gloria
Published: July 2019

El impacto antropológico en el ecosistema puede representar un riesgo para los animales de vida libre,no solo respecto a sus nichos, sino también en su alimentación, ya que, al restringirles el acceso asus dietas naturales, favorecemos la ingesta de dietas dañinas u objetos extraños; además, muchasespecies son víctimas del mal manejo que le damos a nuestra basura o desechos, al consumirlos. Losanimales con deficiencias nutricionales pueden presentar ingesta incrementada de objetos extraños,por deficiencia de minerales, esto es conocido como “pica”. Chelydra serpentina, conocida comotortuga lagarto, es un reptil que se encuentra en áreas con aguas abundantes, con mucha vegetación;es nocturna y se alimenta, principalmente, de peces, anfibios y reptiles menores, moluscos, crustáceose insectos, además de carroña y ciertos vegetales; su plastrón es pequeño en forma de cruz con puentemuy estrecho. La celiotomía, para extracción de cuerpo extraño por gastrostomía, está indicada en casode cuerpos extraños como anzuelos, ya que la extracción por retracción endoscópica no se recomienda,siendo riesgoso el desgarre del tránsito digestivo comprometido, debe realizarse bajo anestesia general,y con el menor impacto posible en el paciente, preferiblemente no abordar por plastrón, de ser posible.Tortuga, adulta, deprimida y con inapetencia. Radiográficamente se evidencia un anzuelo de pescaen el tracto digestivo, por lo que se decide realizar la extracción quirúrgica, bajo anestesia general. Serealiza pre medicación con midazolam y ketamina, además del manejo analgésico, y mantenimientocon isoflurano (agente inhalatorio). El procedimiento quirúrgico consiste en abordaje de cavidadcelómica, se ingresa por el borde lateral izquierdo, craneal al plastrón, sin incidir el mismo; una vezen cavidad se retrae el estómago para ingresar y retirar el anzuelo, el cual se encontraba adherido apared estomacal, lo cual provoca edema en la zona, posteriormente se cierra la pared estomacal, serealiza lavado en cavidad y se procede al cierre con suturas. En el manejo posquirúrgico se medicó conanalgésicos, antibiótico, y se priorizó el cuidado básico de la herida con manejo integral posterior de suhabitad y dieta recomendada. La extracción del objeto fue posible por celiotomía lateral, pero se debeconsiderar que algunos casos deben ser abordados por plastrón, se debe tener en cuenta el tipo de cierreen estos casos. Animales inapetentes, deben ser alimentados por sonda, con dietas indicadas según laespecie y condición del paciente; además, el manejo básico de condiciones de habitad, como humedad,luz y temperatura del ambiente. Si bien es cierto, la recuperación pos quirúrgica fue favorable, y unmanejo integral ayuda en la recuperación del paciente, este debe continuarse para que la calidad de vidasea la deseable, por lo que el compromiso de sus cuidadores es vital.
Política agrícola en Costa Rica y su efecto sobre el campesinado. ¿Tendrá la educación “alguna vela en este entierro”?
Authors: Sáenz Segura Fernando
Published: July 2019

Política agrícola, campesinado y educación son tres temas que se ponen juntos en este documento, y se analizan dentro de un contexto particularmente difícil para los pequeños productores agropecuarios de Costa Rica. Aunque el término política agrícola se refiere a las formas en que el Gobierno se propone objetivos y metas para el sector agropecuario, y los métodos para alcanzarlos, también la indefinición de política es una opción de política en sí.

Este documento hace un recuento de cómo se pasó de un modelo de desarrollo asistencialista a uno de libre mercado, en donde la inexistencia de una política agrícola definida parece ser la norma. Esto ha sido particularmente grave para los pequeños productores campesinos de Costa Rica, a los cuales se les aplicaron las mismas políticas de sesgo agro-exportador que a los grandes productores, y sin una adecuada estrategia de preparación. A lo largo de veinte años los pequeños productores agropecuarios han sufrido en su mayoría exclusión económica y pobreza, situación que pone en peligro la existencia de tejido social en las zonas rurales. El análisis se amplía hacia el papel asumido por la educación hasta el momento, y cuáles han sido sus implicaciones en este proceso de cambio en el sector agropecuario.
Retos y perspectivas de la Universidad en un contexto de cambio
Authors: Hernández Díaz José Fabio
Published: July 2019

El autor hace un análisis del nuevo contexto internacional en que vivimos, considerando elementos sociales, educativos, económicos y cuales son los desafíos a los que la educación superior se enfrenta como consecuencia de dichos elementos.

Se profundiza en los análisis internos que la universidad debe llevar a cabo para poder cumplir con las demandas que la sociedad actual le exige.

Finalmente se hacen una serie de recomendaciones en aspectos como gestión universitaria, financiamiento, acceso a la educación superior, la docencia en la universidad, la investigación universitaria y la vinculación con el sector externo.
Cuando mi centro educativo es una cárcel y mis estudiantes son privados de libertad: una reconstrucción de la práctica docente en el Centro de Formación Juvenil Zurquí
Authors: Espinoza Rostrán Maura N. , Granados Carrillo Ayrieth
Published: July 2019

El trabajo que a continuación se expone, es parte de una investigación que se elaboró para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación, con énfasis en Didáctica de los Estudios Sociales. Aquel lleva como objetivo, caracterizar la práctica pedagógica en el Centro de Formación Juvenil Zurquí, una cárcel de menores ubicada en San Luis de Santo Domingo de Heredia, mediante una investigación cualitativa. Es decir, estudiar las condiciones inherentes al aprendizaje en dicho espacio, el qué, el cómo y el para qué de la educación, los sujetos cognoscentes, las características del proceso de aprendizaje dentro de un sistema carcelario cerrado, y finalmente, ¿cuáles condiciones caracterizan y diferencian a este centro de otras instituciones educativas?

El valor agregado de este trabajo radica en que, al reconstruir la práctica docente y rehacerla en forma teórica, aplicando un enfoque cualitativo de investigación, el profesor se convierte en un investigador de su propia práctica educativa, se involucra en la investigación curricular y, en la misma dinámica institucional; ello implica una interacción activa entre el docente investigador y sus informantes.
Daniel Gallegos y el círculo de la violencia: propuesta para el abordaje del género dramático en el aula
Authors: Méndez Garita Nuria
Published: July 2019

La literatura ofrece a los diferentes lectores posibilidades infinitas de significados. Permite reconstruir historias y mundos; proyectarse e imaginarse en diferentes representaciones: permite distanciarse para descubrir la otredad y cada lector descubrirse así mismo. La literatura no existe para confrontar o dar una postura equilibrada, todo lo contrario, su propósito es amenazar el equilibrio del lector, desestabilizarlo; conmoverlo. Hacerlo flexivo.

El presente ensayo tiene varios fines: 1) acercarnos a un escritor costarricense de amplia trayectoria y cuya influencia en el teatro ha sido importante: Daniel Gallegos. 2) Proponer a los docentes una forma de análisis que facilite el estudio de la obra dramática y promueva la reflexión entre sus estudiantes.

Para tal efecto, se ha seleccionado la obra El séptimo círculo. ¿Por qué esta obra en especial? En estos tiempos, cuando el ser humano se ve inmerso en un ambiente convulso, cuando está a punto de perder la fe y la esperanza, es bueno detenerse y analizar su situación. Hay verdades complejas que se alojan en lugares terribles y la función inquietante del arte (en este caso específico, el teatro), es seguir recordando eso.
Expresión de la sexualidad e inteligencia emocional: una experiencia educativa para reflexionar
Authors: Carballo Vargas Sonia
Published: July 2019

Esta experiencia trata sobre un curso taller de educación de la expresión de la sexualidad y de la inteligencia emocional, que se vivió en la Escuela Corazón de María, ubicada dentro del centro Penitenciario que alberga a jóvenes privados de libertad.

El reto de liberar el poder constructivo que existe dentro de cada persona es posible sólo mediante la educación que permita admitir la verdad que hay en las concepciones ajenas, elaborar las propias y tener criterio independiente para construir y reconstruir posiciones y actuar con congruencia. El proceso educativo no ha concluido, pero se tiene esperanzas en estos adolescentes, que aunque son como los de nuestras familias, son tan únicos en su personalidad y en las oportunidades que les ha brindado la vida, que no se parecen a ninguno de los y las adolescentes quienes continuamente nos rodean.
De la conceptualización pedagógica a la construcción de una pedagogía crítica para la atención a la diversidad
Authors: Barberousse Paulette , Flores Davis Luz Emilia , Jiménez Corrales Rafael Estéban , Zúñiga León Irma
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo, se justifica en la medida que incorpora las preocupaciones temáticas básicas que nuestro nuevo diseño curricular provoca en cuanto al tratamiento de la diversidad desde la pedagogía crítica en los planes Formación de Formadores. Constituye, además, una problemática de primer orden y la orientación fundamental del Plan de estudios del posgrado en Pedagogía con Énfasis en Diversidad en los Procesos Educativos que se ofrece en la División de Educación Básica del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación de la Universidad Nacional.
El programa “Regla y compás”. Una experiencia utilizando un software gratuito para generar ambientes de aprendizaje en matemática
Authors: Suárez Valdes Ayala Zuleyka , García Delgado Paulo
Published: July 2019

El programa “Regla y Compás”, sirve para apoyar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática en el área de geometría, mediante el uso de la computadora. Una de las ventajas de éste es que puede ser adquirido de forma gratuita en Internet. Se analizará, cómo el uso de este tipo de programas permiten fomentar el trabajo cooperativo e interdisciplinario. Para esto se abordarán las experiencias obtenidas en el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación “Enseñanza de la matemática en la educación secundaria con apoyo de software libre tomado de Internet: el caso Regla y Compás”; el cual permitió la elaboración de tres manuales, a saber: “Manual del usuario”, “Manual de las y los estudiantes” y “Manual de el y la docente”. Lo anterior con el fin de facilitar la enseñanza de la Geometría por medio de 32 sesiones de práctica y aprendizaje.
Un acercamiento al cuento infantil desde la perspectiva de género. Estereotipos en el cuento infantil
Authors: Méndez Garita Nuria
Published: July 2019

¿Cuáles son los papeles que desempeñan cada una de las mujeres que son parte de la sociedad? ¿Cómo exige un hombre que se comporte una mujer? ¿Habrán cambiado los estereotipos femeninos y masculinos que muy claramente nos presentan los cuentos? ¿Seguimos propiciando como personas los estereotipos? ¿Se está dando la inversión tanto en los cuentos como en nuestras vidas?

A partir de mito griego de la Medusa, se introduce el tema del género y la literatura, sobre todo en aquella que se reconoce como literatura infantil. Desde la perspectiva de género, se pueden tratar diferentes tópicos, en este caso, el artículo se centra en los estereotipos y confrontan los que se derivan de la mujer ángel y la mujer demonio.

A lo largo de la historia, la elaboración del mundo simbólico, del significado y del sentido han estado en las mentes de los varones, los que han configurado una representación del mundo a su imagen y semejanza. Son ellos el prototipo, patrón y medida de lo existente.

En los cuentos infantiles podemos ver claramente los estereotipos impuestos por la cultura patriarcal; pero también, cómo algunos de ellos son capaces de subvertir el orden establecido. Lo más importante es que la lectura de cuentos infantiles y de la literatura en general, sirve para movernos y conmovernos como lectores; para que nos marque, porque nos interpela.
Peculiarities of enterprise equity and equity accounting
Authors: Vaičiulytė Ieva , Rudžionienė Kristina
Published: July 2019

From the fundamental accounting equation becomes the evidence that equity is one of the most significant indicator of enterprise state. So the process of enterprise equity formation that should be not only legally based but also economically reasoned is definitely relevant aspect in accounting. Both the reform of public sector and complex and hard to prognosticate conditions in private sector also laws of free market that promote to respond operative to external factors require complex and comprehensive equity accounting researches.

The aim of this article – compare peculiarities of different enterprise equity accounting (closed share holding company, state enterprise, state budget institution).

Tasks that have been set to reach the aim: 1) scrutinize requirements for share holding company, state enterprise, state budget institution of their equity accounting; 2) compare their peculiarities of equity accounting: structure of equity, similarities and differences between 3rd class of a chart of accounts.

After the research becomes the evidence that equity accounting of closed share holding company is strictly regulated by laws and standards while equity accounting of state enterprise and budget institution is almost unregulated. The most specific structure of equity is in state budget institution. Whereas the structure of equity in state enterprise is closer to the structure of equity in closed share holding company. Consequently in a number of cases requirements for state enterprise of their equity accounting might become closer to requirements for closed share holding company, for example, requirements for shareholders equity, formation of reserves. In this way the stringency of regulation for closed share holding company would be taken to regulate state enterprise equity accounting. However, closed share hold company has specificities that might not be adjusted in state enterprise, for example, requirements for share premium, reserve for own shares because the activity of state enterprise is not intended to reach for profit. After the comparison of the 3rd class of a chart of accounts becomes the evidence that closed share holding company and state enterprise have many similarities. However, closed share holding company has far and away more sub accounts to register equity and changes of equity.
Blow up and globality of solutions for a nonautonomous semilinear heat equation with Dirichlet condition
Authors: Ceballos-Lira Marcos Josías , Pérez Aroldo
Published: July 2019

In this paper we prove the local existence of a nonnegative mild solution for a nonautonomous semilinear heat equation with Dirichlet condition, and give sucient conditions for the globality and for the blow up infinite time of the mild solution. Our approach for the global existence goes back to the Weissler's technique and for the nite time blow up we uses the intrinsic ultracontractivity property of the semigroup generated by the diffusion operator.
UN EXEMPLE DE PHÉNOMENOLOGIE MINIMALISTE: LA DISCORDANCE DES TEMPS
Authors: Janicaud Dominique
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de delimitar uma abordagem não-metafísica de uma fenomenologia minimalista do tempo, através de um reexame da concepção de temporalidade, pela desmistificação do tempo linear e pelo exercicio do que seria uma discordância dos tempos.
SUJEITO E OBJETO, E NOVAS PARAGENS
Authors: Bornheim Gerd
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho aborda a questão da relação da arte contemporânea com dois referenciais: o referencial do objeto e o da subjetividade. O autor mostra que, após a morte de todos os absolutos, a hegemonia de sujeito e objeto, tão duramente conquistada, revela-se também insuficiente.
PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE FORMAL SCIENCES
Authors: Da Silva Jairo José
Published: July 2019

Este artigo procura mostrar que as idéias filosóficas de Husserl não apenas influenciaram o trabalho de alguns dos maiores matemáticos do século XX, mas foram decisivas para aproximarem uma epistemologia das ciências formais de uma fenomenologia do significado.
HEGEL, HEIDEGGER, DERRIDA: DESCONSTRUINDO A MITOLOGIA BRANCA
Authors: De Oliveira Nythamar Fernandes
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de mostrar em que sentido a metaforicidade é inerente à desconstrução de Jacques Derrida e logra articular conceito e metáfora no discurso filosófico, sem reduzir um ao outro, viabilizando uma discursividade sobre a alteridade, como altemativa à dialética hegeliana e sua semiologia de Aufhebung. assim como à própria desconstrução heideggeriana. Mostra-se ainda, à luz da desmitologização empreendida por John Caputo, que a desconstrução derridiana na verdade radicaliza e efetiva a hermenêutica heideggeriana da facticidade.
PLATONISMO E CRISTIANISMO: IRRECONCIABILIDADE RADICAL OU ELEMENTOS COMUNS?
Authors: Santos Bento Silva
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, o autor aborda as afirmações de Heinrich Dórrie em favor da não-conciliação radical entre a filosofia grega - especialmente o platonismo - e o cristianismo. Após expor os pontos centrais da tese de Dórrie, o autor critica a sua argumentação, no intuito de tomar evidente que o platonismo, longe de ser uma “ficção” apologética, ofereceu aos Pais da Igreja os instrumentos conceituais para entender o credo cristão. Tais instrumentos conceituais estão profundamente ligados aos elementos centrais da ontologia da filosofia de Platão.
SAN AGUSTÍN: LA ALTERNATIVA DEL DESEO Y EL ORIGEN DE LA VIOLENCIA
Authors: Fornari Aníbal
Published: July 2019

Partindo do questionamento acerca daorigem da confiança de Agostinho na objetivida-de inerente à subjetividade humana, ligada essen-cialmente à pergunta pela verdade, o autor desen-volve o modo como Agostinho realiza a passagemdo não-eu para 0 eu, enfocando a investigação deAgostinho sobre a liberdade do ser humano e so-bre a perda da liberdade, bem como o modo comoo ser humano experimenta o desejo, a desordeme a violência do seu próprio eu, podendo perdê-lo.
RESENHA - CUSA, Nicolás de. De docta ignorantia. (Primera edición en portugués). Trad. R. A. Ullmann. 2001.
Authors: D'amico Claudia
Published: July 2019

Resenha - CUSA, Nicolás de. De docta ignorantia.
Pedro José Márquez y la reivindicación de la arquitectura americana
Authors: Valdés García Hilda Julieta
Published: July 2019

Tras la expulsión de los jesuitas de España y de sus reinos por Carlos III en 1767, Pedro José Márquez radicó en los Estados pontificios junto con sus hermanos de Orden. En el exilio, los americanos hicieron frente a los agravios raciales de los europeos, que se jactaban de la superioridad de los habitantes del Viejo mundo. En este ambiente hostil hacia los extranjeros, los jesuitas se propusieron defender la patria agraviada en sus escritos. El presente ensayo dará a conocer la erudición en materia arquitectónica del padre Márquez en el ámbito cultural europeo, así como su audaz respuesta a las ofensas que el prestigioso arquitecto italiano Francesco Milizia emitiera sobre la arquitectura americana a finales del siglo XVIII.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN TIPE STAD DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA DALAM BIDANG STUDI PAI MATERI MENELADANI KEMULIAAN DAN KEJUJURAN PARA RASUL ALLAH (PENELITIAN QUASI EKSPERIMEN DI SMPN 1 SUKATANI KELAS VIII TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018)
Authors: Maryani Teni
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI materi Meneladani Kemuliaan dan Kejujuran para Rasul Allah dengan menggunakan pembelajaran tipe STAD dan pembelajaran konvensional, perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa antara siswa yang menggunakan tipe STAD dengan siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional, perbedaan hasil belajar kognitifsiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual, auditorial dan kinestetik dan pengaruh penerapan tipe STAD dan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasy eksperimen dengan faktorial 2x3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) pembelajaran yang menitik beratkan kerjasama antar siswa dengan menggunakan kelompok-kelompok kecil sedangkan pembelajaran konvensional yaitu proses pembelajaran yang lebih banyak didominasi gurunya sebagai pentransfer ilmu, 2) hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran tipe STAD lebih tinggi dibanding dengan siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional, 3) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual, auditorial dan kinestetik, dan 4) terdapat pengaruh penerapan tipe STAD dan gaya belajar terhadap hasilbelajar kognitif siswa dalam bidang studi PAI.
Effects of Saline and Alkaline Stresses on Growth and Physiological Changes in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seedlings
Authors: GAO Zhanwu , HAN Jiayu , MU Chunsheng , LIN Jixiang , LI Xiaoyu , LIN Lidong , SUN Shengnan
Published: July 2019

Two neutral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) and alkaline salts (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) were both mixed in 2:1 ratio, and the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth and physiological changes in oat seedlings were explored. Result showed that biomass, water content and chlorophyll content decreased while cell membrane permeability significantly increased under alkaline stress. Saline stress did not have obvious effect on pH value in tissue fluids of shoot and root, but alkaline stress increased pH value in root tissue fluid. The contents of Na+, Na+/K+, SO42- increased more, and K+, NO3-,H2PO4- decreased more under alkaline stress, the Cl- content increased obviously under saline stress but had little change under alkaline stress. The increments of proline and organic acid were both greater under alkaline stress, but organic acid content kept the same level under saline stress. Alkaline stress caused more harmful effects on growth and physiological changes in oat seedlings especially broke the pH stability in root tissue fluid. Physiological adaptive mechanisms of oat seedlings under saline stress and alkaline stress were different, which mainly took the way of accumulating organic acid under alkali stress but accumulating Cl- under saline stress.
Regeneration of Haploid Plantlet through Anther Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum)
Authors: KHANDAKAR MD Rayhanul Kabir , YU Jie , MIN Sun-Kyung , WON Mi-Kyoung , CHOI Hyun Gu , PARK Ha-Seung , CHOI Jong-Jin , CHAE Soo-Cheon , JUNG Ji-Youn , LEE Kyu-Min , KIM Tae-Sung , PARK Yong-Jin
Published: July 2019

To observe the possibility of producing haploid plants of Chrysanthemum, anthers of three Korean cultivars â€˜Yes Morningâ€™, â€˜Hi-Mayaâ€™, and pot cultivar â€˜Peace Pinkâ€™ were cultured. Callus induction among cultivars differed little, but equally good results were obtained with the basal MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of 2,4-D, 2 mg/L of BA, 250 mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 45 g/L of sucrose; solidified by 2.75 g/L gelrite. A pretreatment of anthers in media at 4 Â°C for 48h enhanced the callus induction. Calli were allowed to differentiate on basal MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of BA, 0.1 mg/L of NAA, 30 g/L of sucrose; solidified by 2.75 g/L gelrite.  Shoot formation from calli in that media slightly differed among cultivars. Multiple shoots elongated from calli were shifted to basal MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L of NAA, 30 g/L of sucrose; solidified by 3 g/L gelrite for rooting. The plantlets with sufficient roots thus obtained were acclimatized and transferred to the soil. Fifty regenerated plantlets from each cultivar were randomly selected for ploidy observation by chromosome counting and haploid plantlet was detected for the garden cultivar â€˜Yes morningâ€™.
Alleviation of Salt Stress in Seedlings of Black Glutinous Rice by Seed Priming with Spermidine and Gibberellic Acid
Authors: CHUNTHABUREE Sumitahnun , SANITCHON Jirawat , PATTANAGUL Wattana , THEERAKULPISUT Piyada
Published: July 2019

This study was carried out to elucidate the spermidine (Spd) and gibberellic acid (GA3) priming-induced physiological and biochemical changes responsible for induction of salinity tolerance in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, namely â€˜Niewdam Gs. no. 00621â€™ (salt tolerant) and â€˜KKU-LLR-039â€™ (salt sensitive). The seeds of the two cultivars were primed separately with distilled water, 1 mM Spd or 0.43 mM GA3. Primed seeds were germinated and the resultant seedlings were hydroponically grown for 14 days before being exposed to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) for 10 days. Seed priming with Spd or GA3 slightly improved salt-induced reductions in growth, anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents of the seedlings. Salt stress induced pronounced increases in Na+/K+ ratio, proline and H2O2 contents, particularly in the sensitive cultivar. The levels of these salt-sensitivity physiological indicators tended to be mitigated by priming with Spd and GA3. Salt-stressed seedlings grown from seeds primed with these growth regulators also possessed higher phenolic contents and greater antioxidant capacity than the control seedlings. Based on all growth and physiological data, Spd tended to be more effective than A3 in improving salt tolerance in both rice cultivars.
Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Growth and Quality Parameters of Grafted Vines
Authors: KÖSE Bülent
Published: July 2019

Light and temperature are the most important environmental conditions that impact the growth and quality of grafted vines. In this research, the most suitable light and temperature conditions were tested to determine the best environment for grafted vines grown in pots. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different growth conditions, such as open field, shaded greenhouse and unshaded greenhouse, on grafted vine growth and quality. The length and diameter of shoot, trunk diameter, mean and total leaf area, total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrate contents of â€˜Narinceâ€™ and â€˜Trakya Ilkerenâ€™ vines, grafted on 5C rootstock, were investigated in this study. Shaded conditions yielded significantly higher shoot lengths, mean and total leaf areas than other conditions (p<0.05). Among the growth parameters, the highest correlation (r = 0.819) was observed between shoot length and plant total leaf area (p<0.01). The total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrates content of vines under shaded and unshaded conditions were higher (p<0.05) than those under open field conditions. Grafted vines had the highest carbohydrate content in unshaded conditions. Under different light intensity, temperature and relative humidity conditions studied, the better results were obtained in the case of unshaded conditions.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.)
Authors: KARASU Abdullah , KUȘCU Hayrettin , ÖZ Mehmet , BAYRAM Gamze
Published: July 2019

This research was conducted in Bursa, Marmara region, Turkey, in order to determine grain yield and some morphological traits which affect the silage maize response to different irrigation water amounts. The grainsâ€™ percentage of crude oil and of crude protein were determined. Field experiments were planned following randomized complete block design with three replications and included six irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (Epan) applied via drip irrigation [1.25 Ã— Epan (I125), 1.00 Ã— Epan (I100), 0.75 Ã— Epan (I75), 0.50 Ã— Epan (I50), 0.25 Ã— Epan (I25) and 0 Ã— Epan (I0)]. The highest value of grain yield was found to be 18,268 kg ha-1 in the I125 treatment, which represents excessive water. A quadratic relationship between grain yield and irrigation water applied was obtained. Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield and yield components except the percentage of crude oil and crude protein of grain, but improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Relationships between the grain yield and each yield component were positively significant. The highest correlation coefficient in the research gave the relationship between grain yield and plant height (r=0.957**). The results revealed that 1.25 Ã— Epan and 1.00 Ã— Epantreatments are preferable for higher yield. The results of this study also suggest that if water is limited, the application of 0.75 Ã— Epan can be recommended as optimal treatment, because the best compromise among yield, yield components, quality and irrigation water use efficiency for maize was achieved with this application.
Tilia sp. - Urban Trees for Future
Authors: ŢENCHE-CONSTANTINESCU Alina M. , CHIRA Dănuț , MADOŞA Emilian , HERNEA Cornelia , ŢENCHE-CONSTANTINESCU Radu-Valentin , LALESCU Dacian , BORLEA Gheorghe F.
Published: July 2019

Tilia spp. (lime trees) as ornamental trees have a privileged place in the European mythology and traditions and this is a reason of their constant presence in the urban landscape. Lime trees are in general very resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, although some sanitary problems may occur (e.g. aphids and other related organisms). Tilia spp. are considered a good bioindicator and accumulator of heavy metals. Seasonal accumulations of Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu and Fe in leaves of Tilia spp. in urban and periurban green areas of Western Romania, under different traffic conditions, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results confirmed the direct correlation between the traffic intensity and the accumulation of Pb in leaves. By mitigating the effects of air pollution, especially in terms of heavy metals, Tilia spp. should be further promoted as urban trees.
Extraction and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Rose Hip (Rosa canina L.) Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization - Mass Spectrometry
Authors: STĂNILĂ Andreea , DIACONEASA Zorița , ROMAN Ioana , SIMA Nicușor , MĂNIUȚIU Dănuț , ROMAN Alin , SIMA Rodica
Published: July 2019

Wild berry are a rich of natural compounds which provide them high antioxidant potential. The compounds which provide them these proprieties are known to be vitamins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. The aim of this study was to extract and characterize bioactive compounds from rose hip (Rosa canina L.) currently found in Romania. A qualitative high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in positive ion mode has been used to identify phenolic compounds from rose hip crude extract. The chromatograms revealed the presence of a large number of compounds (19), identified and grouped as phenolic acids and flavones/ols, flavan-3-ols and also anthocyanins. Based on obtained results these berries can be highly recommended as part of our diet. Also this finding represents a contribution to the chemical characterization of phenolic profile of rose hip.
Micropropagation of Genista aetnensis [(Raf. ex Biv.)DC]
Authors: IAPICHINO Giovanni , AIRÒ Marcello , LO PRESTI Emilio , SABATINO Leo
Published: July 2019

Genista aetnensis [(Raf. ex Biv.)DC] is a large deciduous shrub or small tree native to the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily. Being winter hardy and characterized by high plasticity in altitude and ecology, the species is grown in gardens and landscaping, both for flower and for its attractive shape. Genista species are generally propagate by seed or semi-hardwood cuttings. In this report an efficient in vitro technique for propagation of G. aetnensis was investigated. Multiple shoots were induced on nodal segments of a mature plant of Genista aetnensis. The Murashige and Skoog medium, augmented with different concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine either singly or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid, as potential medium for shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins (2-isopenthenyladenine, kinetin, zeatin and N-6-benzyladenine) were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from single node stem segments. The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on the medium supplemented with 0.44 µM BA. Growth regulator requirements for shoot proliferation in G. aetnensis were satisfied by BA alone. Explants were divided, subcultured and continued to proliferate shoots. A proliferation rate of 3.5 shoots per single node explants every four weeks occurred. Seven indole-3-acetic acid concentrations (0, 0.23, 0.45, 0.91, 1.82, 3.64 or 7.29 µM) were tested to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The highest rooting percentage was obtained with indole-3-acetic acid at 3.64 mM (57%). Eighty percent of the in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil. This micropropagation system of G. aetnensis based on axillary shoot development from nodal segments followed by in vitro rooting should be preferred for rapid and efficient mass propagation of selected clones and could represent an alternative method to sexual and conventional asexual propagation.
Antimicrobial Efficiency of Edible Films in Food Industry
Authors: VODNAR Dan Cristian , POP Oana Lelia , DULF Francisc Vasile , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: July 2019

In this article, several applications of materials in food packaging and food safety are reviewed, including: polymers as high barrier packaging materials, natural substances as potent antimicrobial agents, and the efficiency of antimicrobial films in food industry. Active antimicrobial food packaging systems are supposed not only to passively protect food products against environmental factors, but also to inhibit or retard microbial growth on the food surface, extending the shelf life of products. Edible films can be incorporated into conventional food packaging systems with a dual purpose as an edible and antimicrobial component. Applications of antimicrobial films to fruits, vegetables and meat products have received increasing interest because films can serve as carriers for various natural antimicrobials that can maintain fresh quality, extend product shelf life and reduce the risk of pathogen growth. In the future, eco-friendly antimicrobial packaging films are promising food packaging materials because its biodegradability provides sustainable development for a modern community.In this article, several applications of materials in food packaging and food safety are reviewed, including: polymers as high barrier packaging materials, natural substances as potent antimicrobial agents, and the efficiency of antimicrobial films in food industry. Active antimicrobial food packaging systems are supposed not only to passively protect food products against environmental factors, but also to inhibit or retard microbial growth on the food surface, extending the shelf life of products. Edible films can be incorporated into conventional food packaging systems with a dual purpose as an edible and antimicrobial component. Applications of antimicrobial films to fruits, vegetables and meat products have received increasing interest because films can serve as carriers for various natural antimicrobials that can maintain fresh quality, extend product shelf life and reduce the risk of pathogen growth. In the future, eco-friendly antimicrobial packaging films are promising food packaging materials because its biodegradability provides sustainable development for modern community.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Pollen Samples
Authors: COSMULESCU Sina , TRANDAFIR Ion , NOUR Violeta
Published: July 2019

Chemical composition of pollen is highly varied depending on the plant species from which it comes and has been the subject of numerous comparative studies. The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition and antioxidant activity of walnut pollen samples and compare them with those of bee pollen. Total phenols content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and mineral composition were studied using walnut pollen samples from three walnut genotypes cultivated in Romania. Total phenols content was determined by colorimetric assay and their amount varied between 10.8 and 17.64 mgGAE/g per genotype. Determination of flavonoids was done by aluminium nitrate colorimetric method and total flavonoid contents in walnut pollen ranged from 7.32 to 7.95 mgQE/g. The antioxidant capacity of pollen extracts was assessed through the scavenging effects on DPPH and a concentration-dependent genotype, and it varied between 13.78 and 15.04 mg Trolox/g. In terms of mineral composition, walnut pollen appears to be a good source of potassium (859.14 mg/100 g), magnesium (263.77 mg/100 g), calcium (71.72 mg/100 g), iron (27.19 mg/100 g), sodium (10.52 mg/100 g), zinc (5.69 mg/100 g), manganese (3.98 mg/100 g), copper (1.28 mg/100 g), chromium (0.39 mg/100 g) and selenium (0.036 mg/100 g). The results obtained indicate that walnut pollen is an important source of total phenols showing antioxidant properties and mineral composition that could be beneficial to human health.
Anatomical Modifications in two Juncus Species under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Al HASSAN Mohamad , GOHARI Gholamreza , BOSCAIU Monica , VICENTE Oscar , GRIGORE Marius N.
Published: July 2019

The anatomic structure of roots and culms of two Juncus species with different degrees of salt tolerance was analysed in plants grown for two months under salt stress (NaCl treatments) and in control, non-treated plants. The aim of the study was not only to compare the anatomical structures of a halophyte (J. acutus) and a related glycophyte (J. articulatus), but mostly to assess whether salt stress induced anatomical modifications, by identifying differences between control and treated plants. Several slight differences have been indeed detected, in terms of endodermis type, development of aerenchyma and extent of sclerenchyma in perivascular sheaths. The role of Casparian endodermis was here discussed in relation to its complex implications in controlling salt influx at the root level that is an efficient mechanism involved in halophytes. Aerenchyma is a common feature found in marshy halophytes, allowing them to survive naturally under flooding conditions; however, when occurring in non-waterlogged plants, as is the case of this study, it should be regarded as a genetically, constitutive adaptation rather than an inducible one. Nevertheless, such anatomic modifications should be regarded as mere alterations due to stress â€“ that is, as stress responses â€“ and not as truly adaptations to salinity. In this context, the nature of these modifications â€“ either considered as adaptations or damage indicators of salt stress â€“ should be further reconsidered.
High Genetic Differentiation among European White Oak Species (Quercus spp.) at a Dehydrin Gene
Authors: CRĂCIUNESC Iacob , VORNAM Barbara , LEINEMANN Ludger , FINKELDEY Reiner , ȘOFLETEA Neculae , CURTU Alexandru L.
Published: July 2019

Dehydryn genes are involved in plant response to environmental stress and may be useful to examine functional diversity in relation to adaptive variation. Recently, a dehydrin gene (DHN3) was isolated in Quercus petraea and showed little differentiation between populations of the same species in an altitudinal transect. In the present study, inter- and intraspecific differentiation patterns in closely related and interfertile oaks were investigated for the first time at the DHN3 locus. A four-oak-species stand (Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L.) and two populations for each of five white oak species (Q. frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L. and Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch) were analyzed. Three alleles shared by all five oak species were observed. However, only two alleles were present in each population, but with different frequencies according to the species. At population level, all interspecific pairs of populations showed significant differentiation, except for pure Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora populations. In contrast, no significant differentiation (p > 0.05) was found among conspecific populations. The DHN3 locus proved to be very useful to differentiate Q. frainetto and Q. pubescens from Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.914 and 0.660, respectively) and Q. robur (FST = 0.858 and 0.633, respectively). As expected, the lowest level of differentiation was detected between the most closely related species, Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.020). Our results suggest that DHN3 can be an important genetic marker for differentiating among European white oak species.
Calculating Organic Carbon Stock from Forest Soils
Authors: DINCĂ Lucian Constantin , DINCĂ Maria , VASILE Diana , SPÂRCHEZ Gheorghe , HOLONEC Liviu
Published: July 2019

The organic carbon stock (SOC) (t/ha) was calculated in different approaches in order to enhance the differences among methods and their utility regarding specific studies. Using data obtained in Romania (2000-2012) from 4,500 profiles and 9,523 soil horizons, the organic carbon stock was calculated for the main forest soils (18 types) using three different methods: 1) on pedogenetical horizons, by soil bulk density and depth class/horizon thickness; 2) by soil type and standard depths; 3) using regression equations between the quantity of organic C and harvesting depths. Even though the same data were used, the differences between the values of C stock obtained from the three methods were relatively high. The first method led to an overvaluation of the C stock. The differences between methods 1 and 2 were high (and reached 33% for andosol), while the differences between methods 2 and 3 were smaller (a maximum of 23% for rendzic leptosol). The differences between methods 2 and 3 were significantly lower especially for andosol, arenosol and vertisol. A thorough analysis of all three methods concluded that the best method to evaluate the organic C stock was to distribute the obtained values on the following standard depths: 0 - 10 cm; 10 - 20 cm; 20 - 40 cm; > 40 cm. For each soil type, a correlation between the quantity of organic C and the sample harvesting depth was also established. These correlations were significant for all types of soil; however, lower correlation coefficients were registered for rendzic leptosol, haplic podzol and fluvisol.