bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women with Metabolic Syndrome in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 118, Kazim Kazimzade, Yasamal Avenue, Baku AZ1078, Azerbaijan, Akhundova Y. M.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of vitamin D in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome and compare it in pregnant women without this syndrome. Materials and methods. 120 pregnant women were examined in the first trimester, of whom 60 women were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome before pregnancy (main group) and 60 patients without metabolic syndrome (control group). Anthropometric measurements were performed and an oral glucose tolerance test and fasting lipid profile (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were determined. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum was analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was carried out in Microsoft System Excel 2016 (SPSS). The t-test, Pearson's chi-square were used, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated. Results and discussion. In patients of the main group, the body mass index was by 23.30% higher (p=0.041) than in the control group. In patients with metabolic syndrome, compared with the control group, an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 41.4% (p=0.001) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 44.0% (p=0.053) were detected. In winter, 38.3% were received; in summer – 20.0%. Vitamin D deficiency in the main group was detected in 70.0%, in the control group – 51.7% (p>0.05), 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the main group (30.0%) was less than in the control group (48.3%, p<0.05). According to the data obtained, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of the main and control groups was higher in winter and lower in summer. There was a direct, weak relationship between vitamin D concentration and body mass index in the main (r=0.175, p>0.05) and control group (r=0.290, p>0.05), as well as a weak, multidirectional correlation with triglycerides (r= 0.109, p>0.05), with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.126, p>0.05) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.107, p>0.05). We studied the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and such indicators as body mass index, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and revealed a weak statistically insignificant correlation. On the contrary, the results of the Chinese study indicate the presence of a correlation that was stronger in the overweight and obese groups. However, this relationship has not been confirmed by all authors, which corresponds to our results showing a weak relationship between body mass index and vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Despite living in one of sunny and warm cities, a high prevalence of low vitamin D levels among pregnant women in the first trimester was revealed – 60.8%. We do not rule out that low vitamin D levels were also associated with metabolic syndrome
Impact of Immunization Prophylaxis on the Course of Pregnancy in Rh-Negative Women
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Educational And Surgical Clinic, Obstetrics and Gynecology-2 Department. 14, Gasimzade Str., Baku AZ 1022, Republic of Azerbaijan, Janbakhishov T. G. , Aliyeva E. M. , Gurbanova F. A. , Bayramova E. V. , Ahmedzadeh V. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the characteristics of the course of pregnancy in women who received Rh immunoprophylaxis. Materials and methods. 64 pregnant women were examined, the average age of whom was 30.55 ± 7.0 (18–43) years. Out of 64 pregnant women, 24 (37.5%) were pre-pregnant, 40 (62.5%) were re-pregnant. The somatic and obstetric anamnesis of all pregnant women included in this study was studied. The average number of pregnancies in 40 repeat-bearing women with Rh (-) blood was 2.34 ± 0.6 (1–5). The obtained results of the study were subjected to statistical processing. At the same time, a computer program "Statgraph" was used, designed for statistical data processing in a parametric and nonparametric way. The work was carried out on the basis of the Educational and Surgical Clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. Results and discussion. The study of the course of pregnancy in women with no Rh isosensitization made it possible to establish the presence in the first trimester of a high incidence of anemia (27.3%), vomiting and nausea (21.2%), asymptomatic bacteriuria (17.4%), threatened abortions (14.4%). In the second trimester, there was also a high incidence of anemia (28.6%), asymptomatic bacteriuria (21.4%), threatened abortions (15.7%), exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis (12.9%), mild preeclampsia (10%). In the third trimester, a high frequency of the menace of uterine rupture along the scar was 22.6%, the threat of preterm birth was 18.5%, and acute respiratory viral infection was 16.9%. It was found that the frequency of abdominal delivery was 73.4%, the frequency of the vaginal birth was 26.6%. A study of the condition of newborns made it possible to establish a satisfactory condition in 70%, a moderate condition in 18.8%, and a serious condition in 6.3% of infants. The severity of the condition was determined by the presence of prematurity in 15.6%, weakness of labor and labor stimulation in 6.3%, and the presence of umbilical cord pathology in 6.3%. None of the newborns had clinical and laboratory manifestations of hemolytic disease of the newborn, which reflects the effectiveness of the prevention of Rh isosensitization, the introduction of anti-D immunoglobulin during pregnancy and after childbirth. Conclusion. The use of anti-D immunoglobulin after previous births and at a gestational age of 27.7 ± 0.09 weeks in present pregnancy eliminates isosensitization in pregnant women with Rh-negative blood. Timely prophylaxis of anti-D immunoglobulin prevents the development of hemolytic disease of the newborn in this group of women. The use of anti-D immunoglobulin is of great importance to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women with Rh-negative blood
Importance of Combinations of Risk Factors in the Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Newborn Children
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Children's Diseases-1 Department. 14, Anvar Gasimzadeh Str., Baku Az 1022, Azerbaijan, Ismayilova S. J.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to identify factors of increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis among young children in Baku. Materials and methods. Two observation groups were selected: the main observation group – children with necrotizing enterocolitis (128 children), the control observation group – healthy children (64 children). The children of the main group were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=83) – children with necrotizing enterocolitis who were treated conservatively and had no complications; group 2 (n=45) – children with necrotizing enterocolitis who had purulent-inflammatory complications and were treated surgically. In the course of the study, anamnestic and clinical laboratory research methods were used. Results and discussion. A relatively high percentage of women aged 19–29 years and 30–39 years was established – 63.2 ± 4.3 and 20.3 ± 3.5%, respectively, in the main group of children, and 75.0 ± 5.4 and 14.0 ± 4.3% in the control group. In families of children born with necrotizing enterocolitis, 38.3% of mothers assessed their material and living conditions as unsatisfactory (p<0.01). It was revealed that the proportion of children with postnatal risk factors: < 1500 g of body weight at birth among children of the main group (63.2 ± 4.3%) is by 5 times more than among children of the control group (12.5 ± 4.2%, p<0.05). It was also found that the proportion of children with respiratory disorders significantly differs from each other in the compared groups (22.6 ± 3.6 and 3.2 ± 2.1%, respectively, p<0.05). The proportion of children who were administered artificial enteral nutrition with milk formula among children of the main group (75.0 ± 3.8%) was by 9.6 times higher than among children of the control group (7.8 ± 3.3%, p<0.001). The results of our study also coincide with the results of the authors, who revealed a relationship with the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the most pronounced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis incidence is expected at the birth of children weighing 1500 g or less (prematurity of degrees 3–4), and usually such children predominate among newborns whose mothers were not observed by obstetrician-gynecologists in the antenatal period and, therefore, did not receive adequate treatment. Background medical and biological factors can be called such as the age of the mother, the state of health of the woman (the presence of genital and extragenital diseases) and the course of pregnancy (gestosis in combination with various pathologies)
Susceptibility of Women of Reproductive Age to Overweight and Obesity and Their Causes
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Public health and health organization Department. 14, Anvar Gasimzadeh Str., Baku Az 1022, Azerbaijan, Mehdiyeva A. F. , Jafarova A. H. , Naghiyeva R. G.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the predisposition of women of reproductive age to overweight and obesity, as well as the reasons that contribute to the formation of these conditions. Materials and methods. With the help of the Women's Health Questionnaire, a survey was conducted among women in Baku. The questionnaire included a block of questions reflecting the state of women's predisposition to overweight and obesity and contributing to their causes, as well as women's needs for relevant information. 4,000 questionnaires were distributed, 2,838 questionnaires were collected (71.0%), of which 1,748 questionnaires contained answers to all questions (61.6%), the analysis of which was carried out in this study. The age of women ranged from 16 to 47 years, all respondents were of Azerbaijani nationality. Results and discussion. Overweight was found in 15.6 ± 0.9% of women, various degrees of obesity – in 25.5 ± 1.0% (P<0.001). Women in the questionnaires noted 13 main reasons for the formation of overweight and obesity, for 1 woman with normal body weight there were an average of 2.06 ± 0.21 reasons, for overweight women – 4.19 ± 0.23 reasons (P<0.001), for obese women – 5.42 ± 0.22 reasons (P<0.001). The first group of women expressed the need for an average of 2.51 ± 0.28 forms of information on the control and correction of overweight and obesity, the second group – 5.43 ± 0.35 forms, respectively (P<0.001), the third group – 8.01 ± 0.32 forms. It was also found that the possible reasons of formation of overweight and obesity are common to all groups of women surveyed, however, there are differences in their frequencies: a number of indicators of frequency of causes of overweight women significantly exceed a similar number of indicators of women with normal weight, and a number of indicators of women with obesity – a number of indicators of overweight women, respectively. Low physical activity is recognized as the main cause of weight gain. It is no coincidence that the surveyed women were primarily interested in information about the body's daily need for physical activity. Taking into account the modern rhythm of life of urban women (work, household, raising children), which creates difficulties in special physical activities, they were very interested in information about the possibility of covering the body's daily needs by moderate walking. Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women can be limited through available outreach work on an ongoing basis and appropriate information support. For this purpose, it is necessary to activate the assistance bodies for the control and correction of overweight and obesity among women
FinTech in the Middle East. (c2021)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Mouaffak Karim
Published: July 2022

The world is continuously developing, and the financial services industry is following suit. In this study, we'll look at the difficulties regulators face in adapting to emerging technological innovations, which are often coming from companies that are actually beyond the regulatory perimeter, by studying the products of the FinTech industry and their corresponding regulations in the USA and also providing an overview of regulatory sandboxes as well as RegTech. Furthermore, we argue about the pros and cons of FinTech and give our opinions about its future. FinTech advancements and the rapid development of innovative technologies in emerging markets such as the Middle East, combined with regulators' proactive role in establishing regulatory sandboxes, are laying the groundwork for a new set of futuristic laws critical for supporting the FinTech revolution. Therefore, we will closely examine how Middle Eastern countries and their regulatory bodies are responding to FinTech innovation, by illuminating the regulatory challenges they face and also offering some solutions.
A performance institucional na produção da cultura regional
Authors: Martins Tiago Costa , Felippi Ângela Cristina Trevisan
Published: July 2022

A partir do esforço interpretativo em contextualizar a região das Missões do Rio Grande do Sul como uma construção social no tempo-espaço, conectando o passado e o presente nas dimensões sociais pertinentes, na problemática do presente estudo procura-se perceber de que forma a performance institucional contribuiu para a produção cultural de uma região, especialmente no patrimônio e na música. Em termos estruturais, neste artigo parte-se de um posicionamento teórico para instituições culturais. Após, apresenta-se um breve relato histórico para elucidar a dinâmica cultural da região. Na sequência, elencam-se as contribuições das instituições na configuração da cultura regional. Por fim, conclui-se o estudo com alguns apontamentos, especificamente argumentando-se que a produção cultural no território é fortalecida por uma significativa performance institucional.
Governança em uma cooperativa de créditos à luz da teoria da agência e do manual de boas práticas de governança
Authors: Nogueira Tatiane Batista Boeno Pêno , Carneiro Cleiton Jardel , Prochnow Darlan Ariel , Brizolla Maria Margarete Baccin , Thesing Nelson José
Published: July 2022

A governança em cooperativas é uma temática muito rica, presentes em vários estudos, nos últimos anos, indicando a importância das pesquisas sobre os conflitos de Agência, as orientações do Banco Central e as Boas Práticas de Governança Cooperativa. Registra-se que inicialmente da governança era tema de estudo e de prática em grandes corporações, porém, esse fenômeno passou a ser de grande importância para as organizações cooperativas. Sua adesão às práticas de boa governança, em suas estruturas, objetiva melhorar o desempenho e a sustentabilidade com base nos princípios e valores do cooperativismo. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o nível de governança cooperativa, especialmente, na atuação do Conselho Fiscal, em uma cooperativa de crédito. Para atender esse desafio, o estudo conta com a pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, que adere a obtenção informações, pela coleta de dados, por um questionário, ao buscar um conjunto de informações relativas as atividades de Conselho Fiscal. Os achados da pesquisa apontam que o ambiente de trabalho do Conselho Fiscal reponde aos princípios democráticos, independência dos agentes de governança, de forma assídua e de acordo com as normas e legislação vigente, presente nas orientações do Banco Central, na Teoria da Agência, no Manual de Boas Práticas de Governança Cooperativa.
The medium-sized cities working as smart city
Authors: Machado Maia Claudio
Published: July 2022

Analyzing a city from its functions, as a smart city in consideration of its innovative medium, presupposes its protagonist of regional influence. In the debate about the complexity of interactions between city functions and social participation, this article aims to reflect suggestive characteristics and categories of analysis, as a source of inquiry that highlights the smart city. The methodology is based on the exploratory research, presenting a bibliographical review of the role of cities in the new economy, using data and bibliographical information, together with research materials, presentations and publications of the theme. Textual production results in a roadmap in the form of an array of elements, contexts and categories of analysis, allowing an understanding of the importance of cities, such as smart regions, playing an important role in the regional configuration.
Systematic Review of Bike Simulator Studies
Authors: Ansariyar Alireza , Sadeghvaziri Eazaz , Jeihani Mansoureh
Published: July 2022

The bicycle is a promising, human-powered and emission-free transportation mode that is being increasingly advocated for due to its significant positive impact on congestion and the environment. Despite the growing popularity of bicycles as a sustainable transport mode in the past two decades, compared to the vehicular mode, bicycle facilities have relatively less development, research, and understanding. In recent years, the bike simulator (BS) provides a fairly realistic environment for conducting research in the area of cycling, and it is capable of simulating real-world environments. It has the potential to contribute to the understanding of bicycle facility design and cyclist’s behavior. This study is designed to identify and review BS studies, evaluate the study approaches used in the literature, and uncover their gaps and challenges. After reviewing the literature, four approaches were identified: “application of BS to suggest a mathematical dynamic model/equation for bicycle/bicyclist stability,” “incorporation of BS with virtual reality (VR) technology,” “application of a BS in safety promotion studies,” and “application of BS in medical, psychology, sports management, and other branches of science.” This review is expected to assist researchers and decision makers with selecting the most appropriate quantification method based on their goals and study limitations. Compared to the car simulator, fewer studies have been conducted on BSs. Therefore, future research is needed to address the identified challenges in the BS evaluation process.
Twitter discourse around competitive cycling and sports-related concussion
Authors: Hardwicke Jack , Batten John , Anderson Eric , Hurst Howard
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the cycling community’s online interactions with sports-related concussion within competitive cycling. Through an analysis of twitter data (n=196), this study examined the limited discourse related to the problem of concussion in cycling. The results found overall engagement and awareness of concussion in cycling was low but has been increasing year on year from 2008 to 2019. Thematic analysis of the data found three main themes within the online cycling community on Twitter: 1) Increasing awareness of concussion as a problem for the sport 2) A narrative of apathy in policy by governing bodies and 3) The need for better education as a result of misperceptions of concussion. Overall, these findings contribute to the limited research in the field of concussion in competitive cycling and outline the utility of social media as a platform to disseminate educational resources around the safe management of concussion in the sport.
Twelve Week Calcium Collagen Chelate or Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Affect Bone Metabolism in Trained Cyclists
Authors: Greer Beau , Mojock Christopher , Arjmandi Bahram , Kim Jeong-Su , Ormsbee Michael , Panton Lynn
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether 12 weeks of calcium collagen chelate (CCC) supplementation during habitual training would affect body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and biomarkers of bone metabolism in competitive cyclists. Twenty trained (maximal aerobic capacity > 50 ml/kg/min, mean training volume: 28 h/wk) male cyclists performed maximal exercise testing and 40-km time trials (TT) on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), and both hips were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The cyclists were assigned to one of two groups: 1) 6 g/d of CCC with 600 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D or 2) a placebo control (CON) composed of an inert compound with equivalent calcium and vitamin D concentrations to CCC. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine the effects of CCC or CON supplementation on BMD, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), and sclerostin (SCL); significance was accepted at p < 0.05. No within- or between-group differences in dependent variables were found. Significant correlations were found between weekly training volume and TRAP5b (r = 0.531), BAP and VO2 max (r = -0.561), and BAP/TRAP5b ratio and both right/left hip BMD (r = -0.649 and r = -0.646, respectively). In conclusion, 12 weeks supplementation of CCC does not affect body composition, BMD, or biomarkers of bone metabolism in trained, competitive cyclists in comparison to equivalent amounts of calcium plus vitamin D.
Infographic Best practice guideline for treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) in Elite Road Cyclists
Authors: Heron Neil , Gonzalez Javier
Published: July 2022

See attached introduction for infographic.
k-Nearest Neighbor and Feature Extraction on Detection of Pest and Diseases of Cocoa
Authors: Mohammad Yazdi Pusadan  , Syahrullah  , Merry  , Ahmad Imam Abdullah
Published: July 2022

Knowledge and utilization of digital images are growing rapidly not only in the fields of medicine and industry but also in the field of agriculture. This knowledge can apply it to a computer-based program that is used to detect agricultural products more effectively and efficiently. this research aims to build a system to detect the types of pests and diseases of cocoa pods because in general, an inspection of pests and diseases of cocoa pods is still manual based on the visual analysis of the color of the pods visually by the human eye which has limitations, which requires more energy to sort, the level of human consistency. In terms of assessing the symptoms of pests and fruit diseases, it is not guaranteed, because humans can experience fatigue, and humans also assess symptoms of pests and fruit diseases, sometimes it is subjective. This study utilizes digital image processing techniques to extract the color features of digital images of cocoa pods, the method used to extract the color features of Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV), and the classification algorithm used by K-Nearest Neighbor. The data used as many as 150 images divided into 70% training data and 30% testing data. Based on the results of trials using k values ​​of 5,7,11 and 13 in the holdout method, the best accuracy is 84.44% with a value of k = 5. And in the k-5 cross-validation test, the best accuracy is also found at k = 5 with a value accuracy of 99.33%.
Thermal, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Sheets
Authors: İSKENDER Şenay , KOCAK Burak , ISMAR Serkan
Published: July 2022

Polycarbonate polymers have thermoplastic properties. Therefore, it is recyclable. Usage temperature is -40/+120°C. It has an amorphous structure, the thermoplastic polymer has a very transparent structure. It is one of polymers with
the best impact resistance in its class. It can be transformed into different forms with the single screw extrusion method and they can be colored by using colored masterbatches. Polycarbonate sheets are often preferred in different
sectors such as greenhouse, decoration, building materials due to their light weight and easy application feature. For example, building industry may prefer multi-wall sheet form or solid sheet form. In building industry, these
sheets are generally used as a roof covering for indoor areas. Multi-wall sheets gain importance due to their ability to transfer heat in closed areas and to carry snow and wind loads in roof coverings. Multiwall sheets are produced
by single screw extrusion method. In this study, 6 mm thick polycarbonate sheets were obtained and changes in thermal, optical and strength properties were observed with glass fiber reinforcement on multiwall sheets. Transparent
colored polycarbonate sheets colored with colored masterbatch were obtained by adding glass fiber in different proportions. Thermal, light transmittance, haze, aging test, reflectance measurements between 360-780nm were made on
the obtained polycarbonate sheets, and the results were examined.
Protective and Susceptibility Effects of Human Leukocyte Antigen on Melanoma Prevalence and their Implications for Predicting Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Outcomes
Authors: James Lisa M. , Georgopoulos Apostolos P.
Published: July 2022

The association of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) with melanoma has been well documented. Similarly, the outcome of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) in melanoma depends, to some extent, on the HLA genotype of the patient. Although specific favorable (or unfavorable) HLA alleles for CBI outcome for melanoma have been identified, there is currently no reliable way to predict a positive, neutral or negative melanoma CBI outcome for other alleles. Here we used an immunogenetic epidemiological approach to identify HLA alleles whose frequency is negatively (or positively) associated with melanoma prevalence (protective or susceptibility alleles, respectively). The findings demonstrated that, indeed, HLA alleles that are negatively associated with melanoma prevalence in the population have been associated with good CBI outcome at the individual level and, conversely, HLA alleles that are positively associated with melanoma prevalence have been associated with poor CBI outcome in individuals. Given this good prediction of CBI cancer immunotherapy by specific immunogenetically discovered HLA alleles, we used this epidemiologic immunogenetic approach to identify more HLA Class I and II alleles protective (or susceptibility) for melanoma which would thus be good predictors of CBI outcomes in those cancers. This is a new approach to successfully (a) identify HLA protective or susceptibility alleles for melanoma, and (b) use that information in anticipating outcomes in CBI cancer immunotherapy.
A Study on the Field Application of Offshore Concrete Using Inorganic Admixture
Authors:   Korean Industrial Technology Convergence Society, Park Sang-Jun
Published: July 2022

In this study, the effects of the kind and replacements of mineral admixtures on the properties of offshore concrete were investigated. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete made with fly ash (FA) was 16.1~24.1% higher than that of concrete made with FA and silica fume (SF). The concrete made with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) showed the lowest chloride ion diffusion coefficient. However, GGBS concrete showed a higher length change than ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete. Furthermore, the low productivity of high durable offshore concrete should be considered because it has a low apparent yield value and high plastic viscosity.
Analysis of the Performance Characteristics of the Cold Storage Duct with the Charging Amounts of PCM
Authors:   Korean Industrial Technology Convergence Society, Hong Sung-In
Published: July 2022

Frequent power outages are common in developing countries owing to poor energy supply. The discontinuous supply of electricity cannot ensure the freshness of foods, such as meat, fish, and vegetables, in the refrigerator. Research is being conducted to increase the energy efficiency of refrigerators and improve the refrigeration function to maintain a constant temperature. However, the considerably high cost of PCM makes it imperative to inject an appropriate amount of PCM and analyze the structural effect due to the change in weight in the cold storage duct according to the amount of PCM charged. Therefore, in this study, a simulation was conducted on the structural effect of the cold storage duct according to the charging amount of PCM. Results showed that the normal elastic strain of the cold storage duct increased by 0.259 mm(from 0.672mm to 0.931mm) when the charging amount of PCM increased from 500g to 1400g. In addition, as the charging amount of PCM increased from 500g to 800g, the total deformation increased by about 12.6%. According to the weight, the total deformation did not significantly increase when the charging amount of PCM increased from 800g to 1400g. Furthermore, there was little change in the normal stress, from 8.021kPa to 8.022 kPa, as the charging amount of PCM increased from 500g to 1400g
Pembatasan Usia Pemberangkatan Jamaah Haji Maksimal 65 Tahun Dampaknya Bagi Umat Islam di Kota Bima
Authors: Syahruddin Syahruddin
Published: July 2022

Performing the pilgrimage for Muslims is obligatory for those who can afford it. This pilgrimage is included in the fifth pillar of Islam. The category of being able means being financially able to bear all costs and being physically and mentally healthy. For the Indonesian nation, whose population is predominantly Muslim, the pilgrimage has become a part of people's lives. Because of that, various ways and methods have been developed to be able to go for Hajj from the early days of Islam until the colonial era until independence. All of that is formed and patterned along with economic growth and the level of community welfare so that Hajj has become part of the culture of the community. Even the title of Hajj has been pinned into a separate prestige in the midst of society. To be able to realize the dream of going for Hajj, various ways are taken, starting from selling assets, working hard, and saving for years and even a lifetime for people with low incomes. For the rich, high-income groups, Hajj is not a problem and can be done many times. But for ordinary citizens with middle to lower-income, Hajj is something of a luxury, something that is luxurious and can be risked for a lifetime to make it happen. Rules limiting the maximum age of 65 years for pilgrims who can go to destroy all expectations of society who make the pilgrimage as a purpose of life. In fact, many of them think that dying in Mecca is happiness and even jihad because they are worshiping. So, they do not question all the risks of taking the pilgrimage. The Government should respond to this aspiration by submitting a lobby to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with rational considerations and prioritizing the benefit. This Policy Paper begins by explaining the general conditions of the Hajj in Bima City, data, and the number of queues for departing pilgrims, then identification of problems and their impact on the conditions of the religious life of the community.
Statistics Application Socialization to Analyze Student Learning Outcomes Evaluation Data for Teachers
Authors: Sridana Nyoman , Amrullah Amrullah , Hapipi Hapipi , Deni Deni , Nourma Nourma
Published: July 2022

This service is based on the competency standard of statistical knowledge and the evaluation of teachers is still low, so teachers need socialization regarding the application of statistics to analyze data on evaluating student learning outcomes. According to Law No. 15 of 2005, the development of the teaching profession can be carried out by increasing scientific knowledge both in the field of teaching materials and in the field of pedagogy. The method used in this service activity is mentoring including lectures, questions, answers, and presentation assignments in face-to-face, and online forms. This service activity is arranged in four stages, of which one stage is carried out face-to-face and three stages are carried out online. Face-to-face activities are carried out using lecture and question-and-answer methods. while online activities are carried out with FGDs, questions and answers, and presentations. The expected outcome after this service is that teachers are proficient in using statistical application programs in analyzing valid and significant evaluation data on student learning outcomes.
Histomorphometric and Histopathological Alterations of Rat Testis Following Exposure to Hydrogen ‎Peroxide: Protective Role of Resveratrol Supplement
Authors: Abdulla Jasim M , Al-Okaily Baraa N
Published: July 2022

Resveratrol (RS) is widely used in medical fields as an antioxidant. Current research investigated ‎the protective role of RS supplement on histomorphometric and histopathological alterations in ‎testes were caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of rats as an animal model. Thirty-two adult ‎rats were utilized in this study, divided randomly into 4 equal groups as follows. The group C ‎was given tap water only and served as control, the 2nd group (G1) was given 0.5% of H2O2 of ‎tap water, the 3rd group (G2) was given tap water containing 0.5% of H2O2 and intubated RS ‎supplement at 87 mg/kg BW, and 4th group intubated RS supplement 87 mg/kg BW. after 56 ‎days of treatment, rats were euthanized, dissected then, specimens of testes tissue were collected ‎for histomorphometric and histopathological evaluation. Our results showed that administration ‎of H2O2 caused a significant histomorphometric with histopathological changes in the form of a ‎thickness of fibrous tunica albuginea, disarrangement of germ cells, necrosis of spermatogonia, ‎edema, and loss of sperms as compared to other groups. Meanwhile, these histological alterations ‎were partially attenuated in the G2 group that intubated resveratrol. Thus, the current study ‎concluded that resveratrol may have therapeutic value in the treatment of induced testicular injury ‎by H2O2 due to its antioxidant activity and attenuation of harmful effects of oxidative ‎stress through a mechanism that should be elucidated in future studies.
Government Intervention and Support on Smes Firm Performance
Authors: Olayemi Olufemi Olabode , Okonji Patrick Sunday , Idolor Elohor Katherine , Ogedengbe Frank Alaba
Published: July 2022

The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace, improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provision of innovative products that meets the need of the people. SMEs are key players in the economy, through sustainable development goals (SDGs) enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization should be the core of any country government. This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors- Hospitality, Education, Health care, Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logistics organizations. The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety- seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using (Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis) with Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The results of the study reveal that government intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria. Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administrators, entrepreneurs, and business managers to ensure that relevant intervention programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Informal Employment and the Measures Taken by the Chinese Government: The Analysis of Street Vending Economy in Nanjing
Authors: Xu Siqi , He Xin
Published: July 2022

To revitalize Chinese economic activities under the influence of the pandemic, the Chinese government adjusts the policies and attitudes about street vending. Taking Nanjing as a typical example of a city of street vending, the paper expounds in-depth on the positive impact of street vending on the economy after the pandemic. Meantime, it also describes the new management policies of street vending made by the Nanjing government to develop with a good trend. In addition, the paper directly reflects Nanjing people’s views on street vending and the resulting behavior through professional data. Finally, through the analysis of the advantages of street vending, it proves that the support from street vending in the Chinese economy is non-negligible after the pandemic.
The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential
Authors: Luomi Mari , Alshehri Thamir , Yilmaz Fatih
Published: July 2022

Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Aramco have also announced net-zero emission targets. Work is now beginning to develop more detailed roadmaps and implementation plans, some elements of which are already laid out in the updated NDCs.
Menimbang Kembali Konsep Kelahiran Kembali: Kritik Sosio-Historis Yohanes 3:1-21
Authors: Siburian Nikson
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The doctrine of rebirth is a basic and important teaching in Christianity. However, the rebirth concept can be understood differently by different church traditions. The purpose of this study was to review the concept of rebirth through a socio-historical criticism of the text of John 3:1-21. Through this study, it was disclosed that the concept of rebirth as expressed in Jesus' conversation with Nicodemus is a concept that was emerge from one group in the John Community. Thus, it is necessary to have an open-minded, which features dialogue, in responding to differences in understanding the concept of rebirth so as not to cause schism in the church.Abstrak. Ajaran kelahiran kembali adalah ajaran dasar dan penting dalam kekristenan. Namun demikian, konsep kelahiran kembali tersebut dapat dipahami secara berbeda oleh tradisi gereja yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meninjau kembali konsep kelahiran kembali melalui kritik sosio-historis terhadap teks Yohanes 3:1-21. Melalui studi ini terungkap bahwa konsep kelahiran kembali sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam percakapan Yesus dengan Nikodemus adalah konsep yang lahir dari satu kelompok dalam Komunitas Yohanes. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya keterbukaan sikap, yang mengedepankan dialog, dalam menyikapi perbedaan pemahaman konsep kelahiran kembali sehingga tidak menimbulkan skisma dalam gereja.
Brevi note in tema di marketplace lending alla luce del nuovo regolamento europeo in materia di crowdfunding
Authors: Cipriani Lucrezia
Published: July 2022

Crowdfunding platforms have been particularly relevant in the ambit of innovations introduced with the development of Fintech, including those that base their activity on lending (the so called “lending-based crowdfunding” platforms). 
The active platforms - whose number in Italy is still relatively small - carry out a market activity that facilitates the matching of interests between those who are in surplus (and wish to use money towards a return), and those who are in deficit (and wish to obtain funding).
This article aims to provide a look at lending crowdfunding, with a twofold purpose:
(i) understanding how the relevant platforms can be legally qualified, also with regard to their compatibility with the activities reserved by law to financial intermediaries;
ii) analyzing the possible scenarios related to the “European Crowdfunding Service Providers” EU Regulation (ECSP), considering that only in recent years the Commission has decided to go beyond a mere monitoring of the sector.
THE CHILIMKA V SETTLEMENT AND ITS PLACE IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE WEST SIBERIAN TAIGA ZONE
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Dubovtseva Ekaterina N. , Klementieva Tatiana Yu. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS; SAC “AV COM-HERITAGE Ltd”
Published: July 2022

Settlements with a similar material culture dominated in the West Siberian taiga zone in the 6th and 5th millennia BC. They are characterized by pottery with rounded bottoms, thin walls and incised ornamentation. In the upper and middle Konda River area and in the basin of the Severnaya Sosva River such pottery is identified as belonging to the Umyt’insky and Chestyjyagsky cultural type, respectively, in the mid-Ob region it relates to the Bystrinsky archaeological culture. The Chilimka V settlement is situated in the lower section of the Konda River basin, on the border of the Bystrinsky and Umyt’insky areas. It was investigated by I. G. Glushkov in 1988. The Chilimka V complex characterized by pottery with rounded bottoms, thin walls and incised ornamentation was defined as a “Chilimkinsky ceramic type”. The genesis of this type, according to I. G. Glushkov and T. N. Sobolnikova, is connected with migrations of Kelterminar population to the taiga zone in the 3rd millennium BC. The fundamental question of the definition of the “Chilimkinsky ceramic type”, which arose during the development of the modern cultural and chronological scheme of the Neolithic, required to re-examine the materials of the excavations. We have established that the site is multi-layered. The Neolithic dwelling was penetrated by several late Neolithic burials. In addition, some shards of the Bronze Age were discovered. The analysis of Neolithic ceramics demonstrates its objective similarity to both Umyt’insky type and Bystrinsky culture. Based on this, it is suggested to combine the settlements of these types into one cultural-chronological horizon of the taiga Neolithic of the north of Western Siberia.
CHRONOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY OF YENISEYSK’S WOODEN MONUMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Zharnikov Zakhar Yu. , Myglan Vladimir S. ,   Siberian Federal University, Phylatova Maya O. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Naumova Oksana V. ,   Siberian Federal University, Barinov Valentin V. ,   Siberian Federal University, Taynik Anna V. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: July 2022

Nowadays in Yeniseysk more than seventy diverse wooden architecture monuments have been preserved. The time of their construction remains debated. On the basis of a comprehensive (dendrochronological, historical and architectural) study, a chronological typology was created, according to which wooden structures (residential buildings, outbuildings and some government buildings) were grouped into four chronological types: I — structures of the first quarter of the 19th century (izbas, five-wall houses on a high utility basement with a hip or pyramidal roof with small windows that retained the features of the Russia’s North tradition); II — structures of the late 1860s — early 1890s (post-fire eclectic two-storey buildings with a glazed gallery on the second floor of the side extension and outbuildings attached to them); III — buildings of the 1890s (government wooden buildings and one-two-storey residential buildings with a glazed gallery on the second floor, which differ from the second type in less expressive design features (cornice platbands, etc.)); IV — buildings of the early 20th century (one-storey buildings with the bright saw-cut decoration of platbands and cornice). A separate group was made up of objects with more archaic features (compared with the obtained dendrochronological dates), which preserved old traditions. The proposed chronological typology made it possible to detail the town-planning processes of Yeniseysk. The methodological arsenal developed in the work is expanding and deepening the research potential of trends in Siberian wooden urban construction study towards the end of the 18th — beginning of the 20th century. The developed methodological approach has a significant research potential for the chronological attribution of Siberian wooden urban construction in the late 18th — early 20th centuries.
POSSESSIONAL MINING PLANTS OF THE URALS AND ZAMOSKOVYE IN THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY: DETERMINATION OF STATUS
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Neklyudov Eugeny G.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of possession law in Russia’s mining industry considered in the context of two major reforms of the organizational foundations of this basic branch of the economy. On the basis of legislation and departmental office work, it examines the problem of determining the legal status (possessory or ownership) of private plants in the Urals and the Zamoskovny region, which the authorities faced after the introduction of mining accession in 1782. It also considers the circumstances of the primary distribution of plants by status groups at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries; the motives and course of the campaigns “to analyze the rights” of factory owners in the 1830s‒1850s, designed to clarify the composition of these groups; reasons and results of removing the burdensome possession status from plants in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. It is concluded, that these operations were the result of changes in the list of state benefits, or possessions, introduced in the course of the reform and leading either to an expansion or to a reduction in the possessory sector of industry both in the Urals and in the Zamoskovny region. It is determined that the status composition of plants was, on the whole, a reflection of the contradictory interaction between the state and factory owners regarding state property that was at the disposal of factory owners and was the object of exclusive for Russia possession rights.
THE ALAFUZOV FAMILY FIRM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CORPORATIZATION IN THE LATE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Arsentyev Viktor M. , Makushev Andrey E. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University
Published: July 2022

The article attempts to consider the influence of the family principle on property relations, the management system and the functioning of industrial business in the process of transition of an individual-private enterprise into a joint-stock format. The solution of this problem was carried out on the example of one of the largest joint-stock companies in the Middle Volga region “Commercial and industrial company of Alafuzov factories and plants”. The authors also examines participation of the state in resolving contradictions between representatives of the “founding family” and third-party shareholders is considered separately. The study draws upon scientific literature, published sources, archival materials, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. Conceptually, the study is based on the following provisions. On the one hand, the informal rules developed during the functioning of the family institution had a significant impact on business relations, bringing their own specifics into the organization of Russian business. On the other hand, the new realities of a market economy with a rather pronounced focus on industrialism set their own rules of the game, forcing entrepreneurs who realized their economic interests in the format of a family business to take account of the formal restrictions and laws of a rapidly complicating market. It is shown that the increase in the number of business relations actors observed during the transition to associated forms of entrepreneurship due to the inclusion of third parties in the family business created the need to maintain a balance of individual and group interests, led to the interaction of informal and formal rules, giving rise to a very colorful and mosaic picture of joint-stock companies’ activity.