bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencias de vida para fomentar el cambio actitudinal hacia la discapacidad intelectual en el aula
Authors: Belmonte María Luisa , Mirete Ana Belén , Mirete Lucía
Published: May 2022

The discourse of inclusive education, which is committed to an educational system that responds to the needs of all students and respects their diversity, emerged more than thirty years ago, but it is still not possible to say that schools hold said award. Diversity continues to find barriers in educational environments, with attitudes towards it being a determining factor in its inclusion, both at school and socially.

The objective of this work focuses on analyzing the effect of real and direct contact with people with intellectual disabilities on the attitudes that students in the field of education at the University of Murcia have towards said disability. To this end, a quasi-experimental investigation has been carried out with the participation of 87 students from the Degrees in Pedagogy and Early Childhood and Primary Education.

The results show that life experiences and direct contact with people with intellectual disabilities produce a significant change in attitudes towards acceptance of diversity.

El discurso de la educación inclusiva que apuesta por un sistema educativo que de respuesta a las necesidades de todos los estudiantes y respete su diversidad, surge hace más de treinta años, pero aún no se puede decir que las escuelas ostenten dicho galardón. La diversidad continúa encontrando barreras en los entornos educativos, siendo las actitudes hacia la misma un factor determinante en su inclusión, tanto escolar como social.

El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en analizar el efecto que ejerce el contacto real y directo con personas en situación de discapacidad intelectual sobre las actitudes que los estudiantes del ámbito de la educación de la Universidad de Murcia presentan hacia dicha discapacidad. Para ello se ha realizado una investigación cuasi-experimental para la que se ha contado con la participación de 87 estudiantes de los Grados en Pedagogía y Educación Infantil y Primaria.

Los resultados muestran que las experiencias de vida y contacto directo con personas en situación de discapacidad intelectual, producen un cambio significativo de las actitudes hacia aceptación de la diversidad.
Percutaneous catheter drainage of a pyogenic lung abscess: A case report
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia & Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia, Cupido G C , Günther G ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia & Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia, Ellitson L ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia & Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: May 2022

Pyogenic lung abscesses represent a pathological entity with a high mortality rate if left untreated. Most patients respond well to intravenous antibiotics. Following the failure of conservative measures, invasive measures such as open-surgical procedures are required. Minimally-invasive options such as percutaneous catheter drainage of parenchymal lung abscesses, mainly if the respiratory reserve is limited or where the baseline functional status is poor, are also considered viable options. Pyogenic lung abscesses are necrotic cavitary lesions of the lung parenchyma and are often considered to be in the spectrum of anaerobic pleuropulmonary diseases. In this case report, we report on a 33-year-old female who presented with a 3-week history of cough, increasing breathlessness and right-sided pleurisy. She was diagnosed with pyogenic lung abscess and started on intravenous antibiotics. The abscess was drained using a pigtail catheter guided with a bedside ultrasonography.
Staging and operability of primary lung cancer in Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors:   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Parker M A , Moolla M S ,   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Paris G E ,   Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Koegelenberg C F N ,   Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: May 2022

Background. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally and in South Africa. Historically, the majority of patients diagnosed with lung cancer are incurable at presentation. Objectives. To assess the tumour, nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging of lung cancer in a centre with access to both positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) using a structured diagnostic approach and to compare results with a historical cohort from 2009 from the same hospital. Methods. A retrospective descriptive observational study was performed using the registry of a high-volume tertiary hospital’s weekly multidisciplinary thoracic oncology meeting (MDT). A structured diagnostic approach was used for staging purposes. All patients with a tissue diagnosis of primary lung cancer and adequate imaging (chest CT and/or PET-CT) who presented at the MDT during the period from 1 January - 31 December 2019 were included. Final staging and tissue diagnoses were documented and compared with a historical cohort from 2009 from the same institution. Results. Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype (38.8%; n=116). Less than a tenth of patients (6.3%; n=16/254) with non-small cell lung cancer had potentially curable lung cancer (stage IA to IIIA) at presentation, significantly less than the 2009 cohort (14.5%; n=25/173; p=0.007). The most common procedure administered on patients was transthoracic needle aspiration (37.54%; n=112), followed by conventional bronchoscopic needle aspiration or biopsy (20.4%; n=61), and EBUS-TBNA (17.1%; n=51/299). After PET-CT, 19/30 cases were upstaged including 9/18 from potentially resectable to unresectable. Two of these cases were down-staged to potentially resectable following EBUS-TBNA. Conclusions. There was a significant decline in resectable and potentially curable lung cancer at presentation over a 10-year period. PET-CT and EBUS-TBNA improved the accuracy of non-small cell lung cancer staging among patients with resectable and potentially curable lung cancer but have exposed a higher stage profile
The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a community with a high HIV and tuberculosis burden
Authors:   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Eknewir S , John T J ,   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Bennji S M ,   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Koegelenberg C F N ,   Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: May 2022

Background. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has become the gold standard in diagnosing and performing nodal staging in patients with suspected lung cancer and diagnosing other malignant and benign diseases. Studies from countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence suggest that it has a sensitivity of 90 - 95% and a specificity of 100%. Objectives. To investigate the utility of EBUS-TBNA in a community with a high HIV and TB burden. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA to confirm a tissue diagnosis during a 2-year period from January 2017 - December 2018. Only patients with complete medical, pathology and radiology records and follow-up were included. Results. During the 2 years, a total of 201 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA. Some patients (n=19) had incomplete notes or follow-up and 104 cases were ultimately diagnosed with benign nodal disease. In the 182 patients who were ultimately included in the present study, EBUSTBNA had a sensitivity of 95.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 88.6 - 98.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI 94.20 - 100), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100.00% (95% CI 95.3 - 100) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.1% (95% CI 86.0 - 97.8) for all diagnoses. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 97.3% (95% CI 93.9 - 99.2). Out of the 64 patients who had lung cancer, EBUS-TBNA had a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI 86.7 - 99.0), specificity of 100% (95% CI 5.5 - 100), PPV of 100.0% and NPV of 58.3% (95% CI 31.7 - 80.9). The overall diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer was 95.5% (95% CI 87.2 - 99.1%). Conclusion. EBUS-TBNA has high diagnostic accuracy, even in a population with a high HIV and TB burden.
The effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula and standard non-rebreathing mask for oxygen therapy in moderate category COVID-19 pneumonia: Randomised controlled trial
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Nazir A , Saxena A ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

Background. COVID-19 caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a matter of concern and has led to severe health problems all over the world. Oxygen therapy is the mainstay for the management of patients suffering from various stages of the disease. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and standard non-rebreathing mask (NRBM) as oxygen delivery devices in moderate cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods. A single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial was conducted between February 2021 and April 2021. All the enrolled patients (N=120) were randomly allocated into two groups according to the oxygen delivery device used. Group 1 (n=60) received HFNC and group 2 (n=60) received NRBM as the initial oxygen delivery device, to maintain a target saturation ≥96% in both groups. The progression-free survival without escalation of respiratory support, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), a ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional inspiratory oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2), respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, number of patients requiring non-invasive ventilation or endotracheal intubation, time for de-escalation of oxygen therapy to lower FiO2device, time to progression to severe disease, survival at day 28, and patient satisfaction level were compared between the two groups. Results. Demographic, clinical variables and treatment received were comparable in the two groups. In the HFNC group, 90% of patients had successful outcomes with the initial oxygen therapy device used as compared with 56.6% in the NRBM group (p<0.001; odds ratio (OR) 0.145; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.054 - 0.389). Using HFNC also resulted in improved oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) (p<0.001), better patient satisfaction (p<0.001), and a shorter time for de-escalation of oxygen therapy to a lower FiO2device (p<0.001). The 28-day survival was higher in the HFNC group, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.468). Conclusion. HFNC is a reliable oxygen therapy modality for moderate category COVID-19 pneumonia and results in a higher success rate of oxygen therapy, better oxygenation, and a greater patient satisfaction level as compared with a NRBM. Keywords. COVID-19; hypoxaemia; ICU; on-invasive ventilation; oxygen therapy; pneumonia; respiratory failure.
A breath of relief: High-flow nasal oxygen in a resource-limited setting
Authors:   Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Kühn L , Esmail A ,   Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Oelofse S ,   Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Dheda K ,   Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
Published: May 2022

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The impact of the Fundamental Critical Course on knowledge acquisition in Rwanda
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA, Hopkinson D , Akuamoah-Boateng K ,   Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA, Banguti P ,   Department of Anesthesia, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda, Mvukiyehe J P ,   Department of Anesthesia, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda, Zerfoss C ,   Centra Neuroscience Institute, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA, Eng T ,   Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA, Tuyishime T ,   Department of Anesthesia, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda, Hertel K ,   Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA, Starling D ,   Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA, Bethea A ,   Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia, USA, Moses B ,   Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA, Syed A ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
Published: May 2022

Background. Emerging critical care systems have gained little attention in low- and middle-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 4% of the healthcare workforce is trained in critical care, and mortality rates are unacceptably high in this patient population. Aim. We sought to retrospectively describe the knowledge acquisition and confidence improvement of practitioners who attend the Fundamental Critical Care Support (FCCS) course in Rwanda. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study in which we assessed survey data and multiple-choice question data that were collected before and after course delivery. The purpose of these assessments at the time of delivery was to evaluate participants’ perception and acquisition of critical care knowledge. Results. Thirty-six interprofessional clinicians completed the training. Performance on the multiple-choice questions improved overall after the course (mean score pre-course of 56.5% to mean score post-course of 65.8%,p-value <0.001) and improved in all content areas with the exception of diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome and acute respiratory failure/mechanical ventilation. Both physicians and nurses improved their scores significantly (68.9% to 75.6%,p-value = 0.031 and 52.0% to 63.5%,p-value <0.001, respectively). Self-reported confidence in level of knowledge also increased in all areas. Survey respondents indicated on open-answer questions that they would like the course offerings at least annually, and that further dissemination of the course in Rwanda was warranted. Conclusion. Deploying the established FCCS course improved Rwandan healthcare provider knowledge and confidence across most critical care content areas. Therefore, this course represents a good first step in bridging the gaps noted in emerging critical care systems.
A comparison of the content taught in critical care transportation modules across South African bachelor’s degrees in emergency medical care
Authors:   Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Conradie N J , Vincent-Lambert C ,   Department of Emergency Medical Care, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Stassen W ,   Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: May 2022

Background and objective. Critical care transport (CCT) involves the movement of critically ill patients between healthcare facilities. South Africa (SA), like other low- to middle-income countries, has a relative shortage of ICU beds, making CCT an inevitability. In SA, CCTs are mostly done by emergency care practitioners; however, it is unclear how universities offering Bachelor in Emergency Medical Care (BEMC) courses approach their teaching in critical care and whether the content taught is consistent between institutions. In our study we formally evaluate and compare the intensive and critical care transport modules offered at SA universities in their BEMC programmes. Methods. The electronic version of curricula of the critical care transport modules from higher education institutes in SA offering the BEMC were subjected to document analysis. Qualitative (inductive content analysis) and quantitative (descriptive analysis) methods were used to describe and compare the different components of the curriculum. Curricula were assigned into components and sub-components according to accepted definitions of curricula. The components included: aims, goals, composition and objectives of the course; content or teaching material and work- integrated learning. Results. The four universities that offer BEMC programmes were invited to participate, and three (75%) consented and provided data. The duration of the modules ranged from 6 to 12 months, corresponding with notional hours of 120 - 150. A total of 83 learning domains were generated from the coding process. These domains included content on mechanical ventilation, patient monitoring, arterial blood gases, infusions and fluid balance, and patient preparation and transfer. Two universities had identical structures and learning outcomes, while one had a different structure and outcomes; it corresponded with a 58% similarity. Clinical placements were in critical and emergency care units, operating theatres and prehospital clinical services. Conclusion. In all components compared, the universities offering BEMC were more similar than they were different. It is unclear whether the components taught are relevant to the SA patient population and healthcare system context, or whether students are adequately prepared for clinical practice. Postgraduate educational programmes might need to be developed to equip emergency care practitioners to function in this environment safely.
Risk factors and outcomes of extubation failure in a South African tertiary paediatric intensive care unit
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Kilba M-C F ,   Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana, Salie S ,   Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Morrow B ,   Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: May 2022

Background. Extubation failure contributes to poor outcome of mechanically ventilated children, yet the prevalence and risk factors have been poorly studied in South African (SA) children. Objective. To determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of extubation failure in an SA paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods. This was a prospective, observational study of all mechanically ventilated children admitted to a tertiary PICU in Cape Town, SA. Extubation failure was defined as requiring re-intubation within 48 hours of planned extubation. Results. There were 219 episodes of mechanical ventilation in 204 children (median (interquartile range (IQR)) age 8 (1.6 - 44.4) months). Twenty-one of 184 (11.4%) planned extubations (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2% - 16.9%) failed. Emergency cardiac admissions (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.58 (95% CI 1.90 - 30.29), dysmorphology (aOR 4.90; 95% CI 1.49 - 16.14), prematurity (aOR 4.39; 95% CI 1.24 - 15.57), and ventilation≥48 hours (aOR 6.42 (95% CI 1.57 - 26.22) were associated with extubation failure. Children who failed extubation had longer durations of ventilation (231 hours (146.0 - 341.0) v. 53 hours (21.7 - 123.0);p<0.0001); longer duration of PICU (15 (9 - 20) days v. 5 (2 - 9) days;p<0.0001) and hospital length of stay (32 (21 - 53) days v. 15 (8 - 27) days;p=0.009); and higher 30-day mortality (28.6% v. 6.7%;p=0.001) than successfully extubated children. Conclusions. Extubation failure was associated with significant morbidity and mortality in our setting. Risk factors for extubation failure identified in our context were similar to those reported in other settings.
Professional quality of life of nurses in critical care units: Influence of demographic characteristics
Authors:   Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Ndlovu E , Filmater C ,   Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Jordaan J ,   Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Heyns T ,   Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Published: May 2022

Background. Professional quality of life, measured as compassion satisfaction, is a prerequisite for nurses working in intensive care units where patients rely on their care. Nurses who experience compassion satisfaction, or good professional quality of life, engage enthusiastically with all work activities and render quality patient care. In contrast, compassion fatigue eventually leads to disengagement from work activities and unsatisfactory patient outcomes. In this study, we described the demographic factors influencing professional quality of life of intensive care nurses working in public hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa (SA), during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To describe the demographic factors associated with professional quality of life of critical care nurses working in Gauteng, SA. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used total population sampling and invited all nurses who had worked for at least 1 year in one of the critical care units of three selected public hospitals in Gauteng to participate. One-hundred and fifty-four nurses responded and completed the ProQol-5 tool during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The nurses’ average age was 45 years, and 59.1% (n=91) had an additional qualification in critical care nursing. Most of the nurses had a diploma (51.3%;n=79), with a mean work experience of 12.56 years. The main demographic variables that influenced professional quality of life were years of work experience (p=0.047), nurses’ education with specific reference to a bachelor’s degree (p=0.006) and nurse-patient ratio (p<0.001). Conclusions. Nurses working in critical care units in public hospitals in Gauteng experienced low to moderate compassion satisfaction, moderate to high burnout and secondary traumatic stress, suggesting compassion fatigue. The high workload, which may have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, influenced nurses’ professional quality of life.
The complexity of neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors:   Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Fernandes S , Marques N ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Goga L ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan City, China, in 2019. Initially it was associated with the development of pulmonary disease, but research over the past 2 years has identified effects on multiple systems. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 have been reported in countries around the world, including new-onset psychosis in patients with no personal or family psychiatric history. We present the first case series describing neuropsychiatric manifestations of patients in Johannesburg, South Africa (SA). All four patients presented with their index-episode psychosis, and evidence of COVID-19 infection. The patients had varied psychiatric presentations, from delirium and psychosis to mania, and all responded well to low doses of antipsychotics. One patient had newly diagnosed HIV in addition to COVID-19. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations in acute SARS-CoV-2 infections in SA.
Prof. Atties Malan, the first neonatologist on the African continent: A tribute on his 90th birthday
Authors:   3 Hurley Road, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa, Harrison V C
Published: May 2022

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FPGA-based systolic deconvolution architecture for upsampling
Authors: Joseph Raj Alex Noel , Cai Lianhong , Li Wei , Zhuang Zhemin , Tjahjadi Tardi
Published: May 2022

A deconvolution accelerator is proposed to upsample n × n input to 2n × 2n output by convolving with a k × k kernel. Its architecture avoids the need for insertion and padding of zeros and thus eliminates the redundant computations to achieve high resource efficiency with reduced number of multipliers and adders. The architecture is systolic and governed by a reference clock, enabling the sequential placement of the module to represent a pipelined decoder framework. The proposed accelerator is implemented on a Xilinx XC7Z020 platform, and achieves a performance of 3.641 giga operations per second (GOPS) with resource efficiency of 0.135 GOPS/DSP for upsampling 32 × 32 input to 256 × 256 output using a 3 × 3 kernel at 200 MHz. Furthermore, its high peak signal to noise ratio of almost 80 dB illustrates that the upsampled outputs of the bit truncated accelerator are comparable to IEEE double precision results.
Aprendiendo a leer y a escribir en tiempos de pandemia: estudio exploratorio de cápsulas videograbadas de libre acceso
Authors:   Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Figueroa Miralles Javiera , Romero Malaga Patricia ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Alarcón Muñoz Paula ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Sieveking Gabriela ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile)
Published: May 2022

En este estudio se analizan las características de los capítulos de Aprendo TV, elaborados por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile para la enseñanza de la literacidad inicial, con el propósito de explorar los supuestos, enfoques o modelos didácticos a los que responden. Para ello, se analizaron los diez primeros capítulos de lenguaje dirigidos a estudiantes de primer año básico. La metodología empleada es cualitativa, mediante análisis temático, con categorías teóricas y emergentes. Los resultados muestran que en el diseño de los capítulos no se observa una ruta de aprendizaje clara y progresiva, y la enseñanza está mayormente centrada en el código de manera descontextualizada. Es decir, generalmente no se trabaja desde un contexto lector y se plantean escasas situaciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje que consideren la integralidad de los ejes curriculares. Finalmente, los resultados reflejan que se desconocen las prácticas vernáculas que niñas y niños, junto con sus familias, desarrollan en la cotidianeidad. Este estudio contribuye a repensar las orientaciones de la política pública para enseñar y aproximarse al proceso de la literacidad inicial en contextos de virtualidad.
Effect of Yogic Breathing Manoeuvre on Pulmonary Function and VO2 Max in Male Football Players
Authors: Jangam Shubham , Sathya P , Paul Jibi
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Yoga has proven to improve spiritual as well as psychophysiological behaviour of a human being. This helps them to perform better in their game improving abdominal strength and gives benefits to every player’s need. It also helps improve both physical and mental health. Aim: To analyse the effects of yogic breathing manoeuvre on pulmonary functions and VO2 max in male football players. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Department of Physiotherapy, School of Physiotherapy at D.Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from February 2019 to February 2020. The study included 60 male players within the age group from 18-25 years with at least 2 years of experience. They were divided into two groups - group A was experimental group and group B was control group. Group A performed pranayama along with routine football specific training and group B performed only football specific training for six weeks. Pre and post values for pulmonary functions and VO2 max were taken by Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) and Queens College step test as outcome measures. The data was analysed using Independent t-test. Results: Mean age of group A and group B was 19.7±1.69 years and 20.6±1.89 years, respectively. After doing yogic breathing maneuvers for 6 weeks, there was a significant (p-value<0.001) improvement in pulmonary function and VO2 max values in male football players for experimental group as compared to control group. The mean difference for Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 0.3% and 0.13% and for VO2 max was 0.71 mL/kg/min and 2.71 mL/kg/min for control and experimental group respectively. Conclusion: Implementing regular practice of yogic breathing manoeuvre along with football training improves pulmonary functions of the football players.
Ultrasound Guided Acupuncture: A Case Series
Authors: Parthasarathy S
Published: May 2022

Acupuncture is an ancient system of medicine which involves introduction of specific needles in described sites into prescribed depths. A few apprehensions about this technique are the close proximity of the needles with vital structures and possible injuries. In the present paper, an attempt was made to use ultrasound which is a non invasive technique of identifying vital structures in two cases and to find out its utility. A 35-year-old, male history of alcoholism, presented with a wrist drop, was advised electroacupuncture where the needles were placed in the centre of the muscle bulk with ultrasound guidance to elicit good motor response. Another case, a 45-year-old female patient had tennis elbow where the superficial veins and nerves were avoided before pricking on selected sites. The response was as expected and normal. The first case had satisfactory motor recovery while the second one had adequate pain relief. There was neither bleeding from any site nor any other complications. A survey scan of the puncture site can be advised before inserting acupuncture needles. Ultrasound guided acupuncture is feasible without compromising the traditions. This concept becomes easier as ultrasound and acupuncture have been conveniently handled together by anaesthesiologists.
A Multi-Item Probabilistic Inventory Model that Considers Expiration Factor, All Unit Discount Policy and Warehouse Capacity Constraints
Authors: Silitonga Roland Y. H. , Kristiana Leo Rama , Parley Tabita Anette
Published: May 2022

The characteristics considered in this study are probabilistic demand, perishable products, and warehouse constraints for multi-item inventory models. This condition occurs in several industries that consider perishable factors and warehouse constraints, namely companies that produce food, food sales agents, and retail that sell goods to end customers. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Condition approach was used to solve the warehouse capacity problem to find the optimum point of a constrained function. The results of the developed inventory model provide two optimal ordering times, namely ordering time-based on warehouse capacity and joint order time, and the two ordering time values ​​will be compared to determine which ordering time is optimal. In addition, the sensitivity analysis to the model was done to analyse the total inventory costs in a planning horizon, the time between goods ordering from one cycle to the next cycle, and the number of items that will expire. The parameters to be changed for the sensitivity test were warehouse constraint, a fraction of good condition goods, holding costs per unit per period, and all unit discount factors. The sensitivity analysis was done to see the behaviour of the total cost, time to order changes, and the quantity of perished products. The result of model testing and sensitivity analysis showed that total cost, based on joint order, is sensitive to the fraction of good condition products, discount, and holding cost.  The joint order was not sensitive to the warehouse capacity. In general, the model was perceived as able to describe the behaviour of the model components.
Tacit Knowledge and Product Information about the Environmental Impact towards the Purchase Intention of Electric Motorcycles
Authors: Pramajaya Agung , Haryanto Jony Oktavian
Published: May 2022

In recent years, Indonesia has started to adopt electric motorcycles (EMCs), but until 2019 the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) was only around 0.05%. This figure is far from the target set by the Ministry of Industry of a 20% market share in 2025. This quantitative research was conducted to get a novel picture of what potential customers think about EMC products. The proposed model used structural equation modelling with SmartPLS-3 over 300 respondents. The research found that detailed product information positively and significantly influences consumer attitudes toward adopting EMCs. Tacit knowledge also positively and significantly influences consumer attitudes toward the environment. Furthermore, tacit knowledge directly affects the purchase intention of EMCs with a significant and positive value. As the mediating variable, consumer attitudes towards the environment have no mediation effect toward purchase intention. These findings are expected to increase the public’s knowledge and awareness of the environmental impact in determining which EMC products are more environmentally friendly than others. Here, environmentally friendly means the absence of direct emissions on vehicle exhaust and the total direct and indirect emissions.
Metabolic changes induced by DNA damage in Ramos cells: exploring the role of mTORC1 complex
Authors: Castro‐Guarda Marcos , Arancibia Yennyfer , Chipón Carina , Matamala Christofer , Oyarzo Paola , Vargas Gabriela , Reyes Alejandro , Salas Mónica , Morera Francisco J. , Zambrano Angara
Published: May 2022

DNA damage induces the activation of many different signals associated with repair or cell death, but it is also connected with physiological events, such as adult neurogenesis and B‐cell differentiation. DNA damage induces different signaling pathways, some of them linked to important metabolic changes. The mTORC1 pathway has a central role in the regulation of growth processes and cell division in response to environmental changes and also controls protein synthesis, lipid biogenesis, nucleotide synthesis, and expression of glycolytic genes. Here, we report that double‐strand breaks induced with etoposide affect the expression of genes encoding different enzymes associated with specific metabolic pathways in Ramos cells. We also analyzed the role of mTOR signaling, demonstrating that double‐strand breaks induce downregulation of mTOR signaling. Specific inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin also induced changes in the expression of metabolic genes. Finally, we demonstrated that DNA damage and rapamycin can regulate glucose uptake. In summary, our findings show that etoposide and rapamycin affect the expression of metabolic genes as well as apoptotic and proliferation markers in Ramos cells, increasing our understanding of cancer metabolism.
Modern Bayesian Entity Resolution
Authors: Binette Olivier , Steorts Rebecca C.
Published: May 2022

Given that data is readily available at our fingertips, data scientists face a difficult task when integrating multiple databases. This task is commonly known asentity resolution, which combines structured databases that may refer to the same individual (business, etc.), where unique identifiers are not available, are only partially available, or may not be reliable. Applications where unique identifiers are not available, are only partially available, or may not be reliable are only growing in the literature. As recently mentioned in the literature, such data sets “in the wild may have temporal variation, missing values, data distortions, and large amounts of noise.” Examples include electronic health data, human rights conflicts, official statistics and survey data, web‐scraped data, financial data, and others. As statistical data scientists, our goal is to clean such data for predictive or inferential analyses. This article reviews the data cleaning pipeline and seminal entity resolution tasks which have inspired the rise of Bayesian entity resolution, which inherently allows one to quantify the uncertainty of the entity resolution task through posterior inference.
Quantifying Worker Exposures Using Bayesian Statistical Methods in Industrial Hygiene
Authors: Groth Caroline P. , Banerjee Sudipto , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Stewart Patricia A. , Stenzel Mark R. , Virji Mohammed A.
Published: May 2022

Workplaces are dynamic and complex locations in which workers can be exposed to a variety of harmful chemicals. One of the industrial hygienists' primary responsibilities is the evaluation of workers' exposures to such chemicals. To do so, appropriate statistical modeling strategies are needed to accurately describe these exposures. Bayesian methods provide a useful framework to quantify and characterize workers' exposures in the complex work environment. This article presents several Bayesian modeling strategies to improve the understanding of workers' exposures while accounting for measurements below the analytic limit of detection. These methods allow industrial hygienists to characterize exposures by summarizing measured exposures, thereby investigating relationships between exposures to multiple chemicals, statistically identifying and describing exposure determinants, and estimating exposures when measurements are unavailable.
Continuous Production of Acoustically Patterned Cells Within Hydrogel Fibers for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Deshmukh Dhananjay V. , Reichert Peter , Zvick Joel , Labouesse Céline , Künzli Valentin , Dudaryeva Oksana , Bar‐Nur Ori , Tibbitt Mark W. , Dual Jurg
Published: May 2022

Many mammalian tissues have a specific cellular arrangement that enables their unique function. For example, parallel alignment of myofibers enables uniaxial muscle contraction. To engineer structured tissues ex vivo, it is critical to recapitulate this cellular arrangement. Conventional 3D encapsulation often fails to recapitulate this complexity, motivating the need for advanced patterning approaches. In this work, an acoustofluidic device to continuously pattern mammalian cells within hydrogel fibers is engineered. Contactless acoustofluidic forces are used to control the spacing between parallel lines of cells. To enable continuous extrusion of cell‐laden hydrogel fibers, a low friction Teflon tube is integrated into the device. A photopolymerizable hydrogel allows triggering gelation externally with light once the cells are under the influence of the acoustic field, setting the patterned cells within the hydrogel fiber. Using this device, the muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts) within the hydrogel are patterned in parallel lines to mimic the structure of skeletal muscle. The increased formation of myotubes and spontaneous twitching of the myotubes in patterned samples are observed. This approach combining continuous fabrication with the tunability of acoustofluidics can create complex 3D tissues to engineer skeletal muscles as well as tendons, ligaments, vascular networks, or combinations thereof in the future.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Electrolytes Build Multiple Wetting Interfaces for Integrated Solid‐State Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xue , Chi Xi‐Wen , Li Ma‐Lin , Guan De‐Hui , Miao Cheng‐Lin , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: May 2022

Solid‐state lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are considered as the next‐generation solution for high‐safety energy storage systems to overcome the persistent problems associated with liquid battery systems. However, the absence of stable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and the design complexity of functional solid‐state cathode (SSC) remains a fundamental challenge. Here, a high‐performance solid‐state Li–O2 battery is presented with Li‐ion‐conducted UiO‐67 (UiO‐67‐Li) as SSEs and UiO‐67‐Li@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel integrated structure as SSC. The UiO‐67‐Li SSEs reveal exceptional conductivity (0.64 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) along with high chemical/electrochemical robustness. Furthermore, the prepared UiO‐67‐Li@rGO aerogel exhibits continuous and abundant Li+/e− transfer and O2 diffusion channels. Benefiting from the unique chemical properties of the UiO‐67‐Li SSEs layer, the solid‐state Li–O2 battery achieves suppression of anode dendrite formation, resistance to air‐corrosion, and presence of multiple low‐impedance wetting interfaces including anode/electrolyte and electrolyte/cathode. This ingenious arrangement endows the solid‐state Li–O2 battery with low overpotential (0.8 V), superior rate capability, and stable cycling life (up to 115 cycles). This novel design and exciting result will open up one avenue for the development of MOF‐based SSEs and cathodes for high‐performance solid‐state Li–O2 batteries and other solid‐state energy‐storage devices.
Vapor‐Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel‐Coordinated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Lin Yi‐Rung , Lee Dong Un , Tan Shunquan , Koshy David M. , Lin Tiras Y. , Wang Lei , Corral Daniel , Avilés Acosta Jaime E. , Zamora Zeledon Jose A. , Beck Victor A. , Baker Sarah E. , Duoss Eric B. , Hahn Christopher , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: May 2022

Ethylene is particularly attractive due to its major importance as a feedstock for various applications including the polymer industry. As such, catalyst and electrolyzer developments are crucial to achieve industrially relevant ethylene production and efficiency levels. Here, a tandem electrocatalyst composed of copper nanocubes and nickel‐coordinated nitrogen‐doped carbon (NiNC) is presented, which is integrated into gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for direct conversion of vapor‐fed CO2 into ethylene. Evaluation of tandem GDEs in the vapor‐fed flow electrolyzer shows significantly increased ethylene selectivity in terms of faradaic efficiency and C2H4/CO ratio compared to a non‐tandem copper GDE. The enhancements are attributed to the increased local CO availability near the copper surface via effective CO2 to CO conversion on neighboring NiNC. The experimental results are validated by 3D resolved continuum simulations, which show increased flux of higher‐order products with the added CO flux from NiNC. The practical viability of Cu/NiNC catalyst is further evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer, achieving 40% FE toward ethylene at 150 mA cm−2 and 3.2 V. These findings highlight the high selectivity and formation rate of ethylene achieved by successful device integration of the Cu/NiNC catalyst, demonstrating the potential for implementation in large‐scale sustainable CO2 electrolyzers.
Pure Aqueous Planar Microsupercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density under Wide Temperature Ranges
Authors: Song Li , Dai Chunlong , Jin Xuting , Xiao Yukun , Han Yuyang , Wang Ying , Zhang Xinqun , Li Xiangyang , Zhang Shaohua , Zhang Jiatao , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti
Published: May 2022

Currently, limited by factors such as low working voltage (≤1 V), poor temperature tolerance, and underutilization of electrolytes, pure aqueous symmetric planar microsupercapacitors (PMSCs) show unsatisfactory energy density under wide temperature ranges. To address these issues, a novel strategy is introduced to construct pure aqueous PMSCs with an ultrahigh energy density under wide temperature ranges through the development of high‐performance carbon nanotube‐MnO2 microelectrodes and high‐voltage aqueous polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte with exceptional temperature tolerance and redox‐enhanced function. Notably, the capacitance contribution of alizarin red S redox additives and the outstanding ability to withstand high voltage of polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte play the crucial roles in improving the electrochemical performance of PMSCs. As a result, the constructed microdevice achieves a record‐high working voltage of 2 V at temperatures from −15 °C to 100 °C and ultrahigh areal energy densities of 12.9 μWh cm–2 at −15 °C, 17.4 μWh cm–2 at room temperature and 24 μWh cm–2 at 100 °C, which are superior to those of previously reported pure aqueous PMSCs at the temperature. Meanwhile, it also shows good flexibility and excellent cycling stability (92.7% after 25 000 cycles at −15 °C and 81% after 20 000 cycles at 100 °C).
A Simple and Efficient Strategy for Preparing a Cell‐Spheroid‐Based Bioink
Authors: Sun Weiyan , Zhang Jiahui , Qin Yechi , Tang Hai , Chen Yi , Lin Weikang , She Yunlang , Zhang Kunxi , Yin Jingbo , Chen Chang
Published: May 2022

Cell spheroids are a promising bioprinting building block that can mimic several physiological conditions in embryonic development. However, it remains challenging to efficiently prepare cell‐spheroid‐based bioink (Sph‐bioink) with favorable printability and spheroid fusion ability. In this work, a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐based porous hydrogel is developed as an “all‐in‐one” platform for Sph‐bioink preparation. On the one hand, the nonadhesive porous structure in hydrogels is an effective tool for fabricating adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) spheroids in high yield, and the hydrogel itself also serves as a “carrier” for conveniently transferring cell spheroids to the bioprinter. On the other hand, the integration of redox/thermo‐responsiveness allows the hydrogel to shift from a solid spheroid‐making tool to an extrudable bioprinting medium that is sensitive to temperature. These features enabled a simple procedure for preparing Sph‐bioink, in which the cell spheroids were densely packed to retain fusion capability. The present study also demonstrates that ASC spheroids formed in hydrogels have good biological preservation and superior chondrogenic differentiation, and verified the feasibility of using Sph‐bioink to build custom‐shaped mature cartilage. In conclusion, this strategy provides a simple, efficient, and standardized approach for Sph‐bioink preparation, making it possible to produce tissue‐engineered constructs with accelerated maturation and functionalization.