bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile health service demand, key morbidity magnitude, and trend at mountainous outreaches of Uttarakhand: A descriptive study
Authors: Roy Debabrata , Dobhal Priyanka , Deep Shikha  , Sinha Richa , Das Sai Chandan
Published: November 2023

Background: Deploying mobile health vans (MHVs) to service disadvantaged, underserved mountainous hamlets across six districts of Uttarakhand on a “fixed day-fixed location” strategy was an effective initiative in the state in collaboration with Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) and NRHM.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide quality diagnostic and curative care through mobile health clinics at select mountainous outreaches of Uttarakhand state.
Materials and Methods: A bimonthly mobile health services with fully equipped MHV sponsored by the directorate of science and TIFAC and assessment council and Government of Uttarakhand on a “fixed day, fixed time and fixed place” schedule were provided along pre-designated service locations.
Results: A total of 77,688 beneficiaries received services through 902 camps spanning 13 quarters with an estimated 5976 and 89 beneficiaries per quarter per camp; 573 clients received ultrasound, 639 X-ray, 34 ECG, and 3543 other lab procedures. Quarterly demand for services was highest, 19.5% for gastrointestinal disorders, followed by 18.4% for musculoskeletal disorders, 13.8% for genitourinary system disorders, 11.8% for respiratory system disorders, and 8.5% for ENT and ocular disorders. The prevalent morbidity was predominantly acid peptic disease (15.5%), followed by osteoarthritis (13.3%) and low backache and renal stones (7.2% each).
Conclusion: Integrating mobile health service delivery component with existing strategies adopted by public health system in primary health care is an operationally feasible and viable option to address ‘inaccessibility at disadvantaged mountainous outreach.
A clinicopathological study of oral premalignant and malignant lesions with a special focus on gingivobuccal complex in a tertiary care center
Authors: Rashmi Rekha Mahapatra  , Rupa Das  , Kalyani Prava Gouda  , KCKDN Hembram  , Tribikram Debata  , Manas Ranjan Satpathy
Published: November 2023

Background: Globally, oral cavity lesions are a serious public health issue. Premalignant lesions of the oral cavity, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis, are common in India and are strongly associated with tobacco and betel nut use. These lesions have the potential to transform into malignancies, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the predominant type of oral cancer. Early detection and effective management of early malignant lesions are crucial to improving the prognosis for patients. Histopathological examination is a standard procedure used to identify these lesions.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the histopathology of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity, taking into account age, sex, site distribution, and their association with tobacco consumption.
Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, observational study carried out over a period of 3 years on patients with lesions of the oral cavity in a Government Medical College of Northern Odisha. Biopsies were obtained, fixed, and routinely processed. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The final diagnosis was based on clinical, gross, and microscopic findings. The data was collected and analyzed.
Results: Out of a total of 197 oral biopsies, 79 cases were malignant lesions, and 35 cases were pre-malignant lesions. The highest incidence of both pre-malignant and malignant lesions was observed in the age group of 51–60 years, with a male predominance. The buccal mucosa was the most affected site. The most frequent type of malignant lesion was well-differentiated SCC, while hyperkeratosis without dysplasia was the most common type of pre-malignant lesion.
Conclusion: Cancers of the oral cavity are surface malignancies whose signs and symptoms can be recognized early. The most common subsite of cancer is the gingivobuccal complex, and site-specific carcinoma is often due to the use of tobacco and betel quid, as they are typically placed in the gingivobuccal sulcus. The occurrence of carcinoma can be minimized by creating public awareness regarding high-risk habits.
Clinicobiochemical profile in de novo multiple myeloma: A study from North India
Authors: Mir Sadaqat Hassan Zafar  , Raiesa  , Maqsood Ahmad Dar  , Manzoor Ahmad Sofi
Published: November 2023

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic forms to manifestations of anemia, bone pains, and eventually spontaneous fractures, renal failure, and frequent infections.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the clinical and biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed cases of MM.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Hematology of a tertiary care hospital of North India. It was a prospective observational study over a period of 2-year duration. A total of 50 newly diagnosed patients of MM were enrolled and analyzed for clinical data.
Results: Out of 50 MM patients, 68% were males and 32% were females. Mean±SD of age was 62.48±8.140 years. Forty patients (80%) had anemia (isolated anemia 4 patients), 22 patients had renal failure (44%), 20 patients (40%) had spontaneous fractures (isolated pathological fracture 6 patients), and 14 patients (28%) had bone pains (isolated bone pains 4 patients). Mean±SD of hemoglobin before the start of treatment was 8.69±2.85 g/dL. Twenty-six patients (52%) had associated comorbidity mainly hypertension (32%) and diabetes mellitus (8%), while 48% of patients had no history of previous comorbid illness. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G-λ type MM were 16 cases (32%), IgA-λ type were 6 cases (12%), IgG-κ were 10 cases (20%), IgA- κ were 4 cases (8%), Kappa type were 10 cases (20%), and biclonal 2 cases (4%). Twelve patients (24%) were in the International Staging System (ISS), 22 patients (44%) in ISS-II, and 16 patients (32%) in ISS-III disease stage.
Conclusion: Treating physician should have a high index of suspicion for this disorder once elderly patients present with anemia, especially in combination with renal dysfunction and/spontaneous fractures for early diagnosis and treatment.
A study of acute kidney injury in different poisoning cases in Bundelkhand region
Authors: Kuldeep Chandel  , Mandavi Agarwal  , Mithilesh Kumar  , Hitesh Kumar  , Medha Singh
Published: November 2023

Background: In Bundelkhand region, 15–18% of patients who are attended in the emergency setting comprises poisoning, 60–70% of which are agriculture-based poisons due to its easy accessibility. The chief complication of poisoning is acute kidney injury (AKI).
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the proportion of AKI in acute poisoning, the spectrum of clinical features and their complications and outcome.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed in patients admitted in Departments of Medicine, MLB Medical College and Hospital, Jhansi over a period of 25 months (December 2020–October 2022).
Results: In our study, there were 100 patients, 83% developed pre-renal AKI and 17% landed up into acute tubular necrosis. Maximum patients recovered, but 13 patients deteriorated, in which most presented after a lag time of 12 h of poison exposure, during the course of management, 5 patients required dialysis (3 peritoneal/2 hemodialysis). Out of 13 Patients, 11 expired and 2 improved, most of them consume celphos and insecticide.
Conclusion: Our study shows that agriculture-based chemicals are easily available and accessible for poisoning. The time lag in proper treatment and detoxification leads to various complications; an early intervention and appropriate antidote easily reverses complications and end-organ damage, whereas some cases require dialysis or ventilator support. Middle-aged male, low socioeconomic economic groups, and psychiatric issues lay as background for most poisoning cases, where financial deprivement, lack of knowledge, and awareness have major issues.
Risk factors of post-stroke depression after acute ischemic stroke - A prospective study from a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Roy Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background: Post-stroke depression is a major cause for poor functional and rehabilitation recovery.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were to determine risk factors causing depression in acute ischemic stroke.
Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted in acute ischemic stroke patients between January 2023 and April 2023 at Travancore Medical College, Kerala. They were divided into – ischemic stroke patients with depression and without depression. Variables studied – age, gender, marital, educational, occupation, socioeconomic status, national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) at admission, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 1 month, stroke lateralization, risk factors, and lobe and site.
Results: Among 270 patients, 164 (60.7%) were male, 254 (94.1%) were above 50 years, 250 (92.6%) had marriage partner, 164 (60.7%) unemployed, 138 (51.1%) belonged to middle socioeconomic status, and 172 (63.7%) from rural areas. About 91 (33.7%) were in ischemic stroke patients with depression group. In univariate analysis, marriage, socioeconomic status, subcortical location, left hemisphere, severe NIHSS, and high mRS were associated with post-stroke depression. In multivariate analysis, socioeconomic status, subcortical location, and left hemisphere were significant risk factors. Strongest predictor was subcortical location.
Conclusion: Early identification of following risk factors – socioeconomic and marital status, subcortical location, left hemisphere lesion, severe NIHSS, and high mRS in acute stroke patients may help to identify those who are vulnerable for post-stroke depression.
Clinical and demographic profile of peripheral neuropathy in chronic kidney disease in tertiary hospital in Bundelkhand region, Central India
Authors: Sengar NS  , Arvind Kankane  , Shailja Singh  , Nutan Agrawal
Published: November 2023

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is the most common chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related complication, with a prevalence of more than 60%. It is directly proportional to the duration and severity of CKD.
Aims and Objectives: The study focuses on the prevalence, clinical, and demographic profile of peripheral neuropathy in CKD patients.
Materials and Methods: The present study was cross-sectional and conducted in a tertiary hospital in Central India from October 2021 to September 2022. Among 100 CKD patients, peripheral neuropathy was assessed clinically and by electrophysiological nerve conduction studies.
Results: Out of 100 subjects, 66% were male and 34% were female. Males were affected more (66.66%) than females (58.82%). Out of 46 pre-hemodialysis (HD) patients, 25 (54.34%) showed peripheral neuropathy. Out of 54 HD patients, 41 (75.92%) showed peripheral neuropathy, maximum age group with neuropathy >60 years, duration of uremia of 31–36 months, and average creatinine >9 mg/dL. The most common pattern observed was mixed sensory-motor neuropathy (axonal+demyelination) at 86.36%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy increases with the duration and severity of CKD. The most common pattern is distal symmetrical mixed sensory-motor neuropathy.
Bilateral nevus of Ota: A case series and literature review
Authors: Pinki Kumari  , Vartika  , Pallavi UK  , Rajesh Sinha
Published: November 2023

Nevus of Ota is a dermal melanocytic hamartoma clinically characterized by confluence of blue-to-gray macules, distributed along the ophthalmic and the maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. It is usually unilateral and only 5–15% of cases have been reported to have bilateral involvement. This entity has been reported predominantly in darkly pigmented individuals, particularly in Asians and blacks. Case reports and case series describing this unique entity are very rare in literature. Herein, we report three cases of bilateral nevus of Ota at a tertiary care center in Eastern India. A detailed history, clinical examination, Wood’s lamp examination, and histopathological correlation were done in all the cases. In all the cases, lesions started with bluish pigmentation on the sclera and out of three cases, two had palatal involvement as well.
The relevance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates in blood culture in the context of a tertiary neonatal unit from East India
Authors: Mausumi Mukherjee  , Sumon Poddar  , Das Barnali , Amrita Mukherjee  , Shubhojit Deysarkar  , Madhura Mukherjee
Published: November 2023

Background: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) are known commensals and often contaminate neonatal blood cultures. Their unique ability to form biofilms, however, helps them evade immune mechanisms and antibiotics and cause neonatal sepsis (NS) in hospitalized neonates. True or probable Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus blood stream infection (CoNS BSI) must be differentiated from contaminants so that antibiotics are used judiciously and hospital stay is minimized.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to estimate the proportion of NS and contaminants among CoNS-positive blood cultures in the index neonatal unit and the host and health-care variables associated with CoNS BSI. The secondary objective was to estimate the susceptibility of CoNS isolates to antibiotics used.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study from digital records, from January 2018 to December 2022.
Results: 25% of CoNS isolates were associated with NS (health-care infections) and 75% were contaminants. Over 90% of CoNS BSI was associated with central lines (CLs) and prolonged hospital stay. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin while resistance to gentamicin rose annually to over 68%. Susceptibility to linezolid and vancomycin was present, but a few strains were resistant to them.
Conclusion: CoNS were an important cause of NS in the index hospital. Prolonged hospital stays and CLs were associated with increased incidence of CoNS sepsis and must be minimized where possible. Antibiotic resistance was high, and reserve drugs could also become ineffective.
An insight into outbreak of atypical mycobacterial infection following percutaneous nephrolithotomy - Role of cleaning and sterilization techniques inspected
Authors: Arpan Choudhary  , Manas Sharma  , Deep Kumar Jain  , Vishal Kirti Jain
Published: November 2023

Background: Atypical wound infections following minimal access surgery continue to affect smooth recovery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones involves various small-sized nephroscopes and accessories. Improper cleaning and disinfection of which may result in bacterial biofilms formation and infections.
Aims and Objectives: We inspected an outbreak of atypical wound infection after PCNL to find the responsible factor.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study had three groups based on cleaning and sterilization methods. In group A, manual cleaning of instruments was done followed by high-level disinfection using glutaraldehyde 2% solution with 20 min submersion. In group B, manual cleaning was supplemented with multienzyme cleaning with 10 min submersion but disinfection method was same as in group A. In group C, manual and enzyme cleaning was combined with ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilization. The outcome was assessed as wound infection occurrence at 1-month follow-up.
Results: The study had 81 participants with 61 male and 20 females. The mean age was 36±16 years. Group A, B, and C had 32, 24, and 25 participants, respectively. Pre-operative parameters were comparable among the groups. Late wound infection (at 1-month follow-up) occurred in 11 cases from group A, but none from others (P=0.004). Culture-revealed atypical mycobacterial growth in four cases, while Staphylococcus in another. Rests were sterile. Six patients were relieved after clarithromycin course for 1–5 months. Three patients needed scar excision.
Conclusion: Manual cleaning with high-level disinfection is not adequate against atypical mycobacterial infections. A combination of enzymatic cleaning and high-level disinfection with glutaraldehyde or ETO sterilization effectively minimizes these infections.
Efficacy of intraoperative subanaesthetic dose of ketamine on post-operative analgesia for patients undergoing single level lumbar discectomy under general anesthesia: A placebo control randomized clinical study
Authors: Sowmya Madihalli Janardhan Iyengar  , Shankar Kantharaju  , Shubha Mysore Ramesh
Published: November 2023

Background: Sub-anesthetic ketamine is becoming increasingly popular for opioid sparing analgesic properties.
Aims and Objectives: This study was done to determine the efficacy of intraoperative infusion of sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine on post-operative analgesia in single level lumbar discectomy surgeries.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, and control study was carried on 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II aged between 18 and 65 years undergoing single level lumbar discectomy under general anesthesia. After induction of anesthesia, Group A received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg intravenous (IV) bolus followed by infusion at 4 μg/kg/min and Group B received 0.9% saline bolus dose of similar volume and infusion was started at similar rate. Post-operative pain relief, opioid sparing effect, and side effects if any were recorded.
Results: There was significant difference (P<0.001) in post-operative Numeric Rating scores for initial 6 h in Group A patients compared to Group B and prolonged duration of analgesia (8.5 vs. 4.25 h) along with reduced postoperative tramadol consumption.
Conclusion: In lumbar spine discectomy, intraoperative ketamine infusion at sub-anesthetic doses produces more effective post-operative analgesia along with opioid sparing effect without any side effects.
Our experience of forgotten double-J stents in a tertiary care center
Authors: Ahsan Ahmad  , Md. Zaid Imbisat  , Rakesh K Anand
Published: November 2023

Background: Double-J (DJ) stents have become an essential tool in the field of urology. Forgotten DJ stents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, if not intervened timely.
Aims and Objectives: In this study, we report our experience of forgotten stents related complications, along with its management and steps taken by us in preventing stent-related morbidity.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients presented to the Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna with forgotten or long-term retention of DJ stents from January 2021 to December 2022. All cases were reviewed for age, gender, symptoms, indication of stent insertion, duration of stent insertion, radiological images, and procedures performed for management.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.23 years. The mean duration of the indwelling stent in situ was 16.61 months. Presenting complaint was flank pain, recurrent urinary tract infection, dysuria, hematuria, and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. Common indications of indwelling stents were ureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and Laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, cystolithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and open surgery were done to extract the forgotten DJ stent.
Conclusion: Forgotten DJ stents are a source of severe morbidity. Patients and relatives counseling before and after the procedure is necessary in reducing stent-related complications.
Comparison of saddle block and pudendal nerve block by SEPTA technique for anorectal surgeries: A randomized control study
Authors: Saini Heena , Angral Rajesh , Anshuman Mahesh Chander  , Raj Rishi Sharma
Published: November 2023

Background: Simplified easily reproducible pudendal nerve block technique for anorectal surgery (SEPTA) is a novel technique of local anesthesia for anorectal surgeries.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of SEPTA technique in terms of perioperative anesthesia and patients satisfaction.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative single-blinded study was done with 30 patients in each of two groups. Patients in Group A received Saddle Block and in group B received pudendal nerve block by SEPTA technique. Patients were evaluated with respect to onset of anesthesia, first rescue analgesia, ambulation, and patient satisfaction scores. Statistical Analysis: Student’s independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test was employed for comparing continuous variables. The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, whichever appropriate, was applied for comparing categorical variables.
Results: Onset of anesthesia was earlier (3.72±2.78 min) in Group B as compared to Group A (7.15±4.19 min). Time to first rescue analgesia was earlier in Group A (132.1±23.75 min) as compared to Group B (223.2±92.51 min). Group B patients had early ambulation (32 min) postoperatively as compared to Group A patients (297.1 min), which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: SEPTA is a good alternative to Saddle Block for providing anesthesia for anorectal surgeries with added advantages of rapid onset, no risk of nausea, vomiting, back pain, urinary retention and early ambulation, and discharge of the patient.
A cross-sectional study of the clinical profile of children admitted with yellow phosphorous poisoning in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Selvaraju K  , Vijay Anand M  , Kanimozhi P  , Anurekha V  , Sanjay PM  , Kumaravel KS
Published: November 2023

Background: Yellow phosphorous (YP) is a protoplasmic poison that is mainly used as a rodenticide.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to describe the clinical profile of YP poisoning in children in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu. A convenience sample of all the cases admitted during the year 2022 was done. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed.
Results: The male: female ratio was 1.16:1 (n=13). The mean age of the children was 4.0769±1.373 years. About 84.61% of the children reported to the hospital within 6 h. On admission, fever (30.76%), vomiting (30.76%), abdominal pain (30.76%), bleeding (15.38%), and altered sensorium (15.38%) were the common symptoms. All the children ingested YP accidentally. Leukocytosis was observed in about 30.76%. The mean peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 516.9231±685.976 IU/L and 161.9231±215.107 IU/L, respectively. There were no alterations in the Electrocardiographic tracings, levels of serum electrolytes, blood glucose, and serum creatinine in children with YP poisoning. Significant differences were observed between children who survived and children who died in the levels of mean peak AST, mean peak ALT, INR, and in the presence of encephalopathy and bleeding manifestations.
Conclusion: YP is an uncommon but lethal poison in children. Creating awareness among parents about the dangers of YP and nationwide prohibition of the sale of YP will be an important step in eliminating deaths in children who are accidental victims.
Comparing anesthesia modes in major burns: Total intravenous anesthesia versus general anesthesia - A cross-sectional study in a Central Indian government hospital
Authors: Shalini Jain  , Shivram Nandita , Sachin Verma  , Arora KK
Published: November 2023

Background: Burn injuries remain a significant public health concern, causing complex trauma. Early excision and skin grafting are standard in burn management to reduce infection and scarring. The choice of anesthesia is critical for optimal pain control and hemodynamic stability.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and general anesthesia (GA) in patients of major burns.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, over a period of 12 months. One hundred and twenty patients with 10–12% total burn area were included and randomized into two groups of 60 patients each. Group T patients received TIVA and Group G patients received GA.
Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, and baseline vitals. The mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean MAP were significantly higher in Group G at 0, 30, and 60 min. In Group T, all patients achieved an Aldrete score of 9 or more within 10 min. Pain was more prevalent in Group G patients, and the comparison was found to be statistically significant. The mean time to first rescue analgesia in Group T was later than Group G, and the difference was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: From the results, we may conclude that TIVA provides superior hemodynamic stability, shorter post-anesthesia unit recovery time, and improved analgesia compared to GA. However, there are lacunae in the literature, hence we recommend that larger studies comparing these two anesthesia modes be conducted before generalizing the present findings to the general population.
Vitamin D as a biomarker in predicting sepsis outcome at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Mukhyaprana Prabhu M  , Krishnananda Prabhu  , Changani Mohit , Patel Neel , Vijetha Shenoy Belle
Published: November 2023

Background: Vitamin D has proven immunomodulatory effects. As per the literature, there is a vitamin D deficiency observed in critically ill sepsis patients.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to study the association of vitamin D levels at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with mortality and various indices of sepsis assessment like the simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) along with the age-unadjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and procalcitonin.
Materials and Methods: A single centric, observational-longitudinal study was conducted in the ICU with patients of sepsis (n=96). Vitamin D was measured at the time of admission to the ICU. Controls were taken from age- and gender-matched patients without sepsis and with no premorbid illnesses. The objectives of the current study were to assess SAPS II and CCI scores and their predicted mortality amongst various categories of vitamin D levels at the time of admission, to correlate various categories of vitamin D levels with hospital stay and complications or hazards and to assess the sensitivity of vitamin D for prediction of sepsis outcome.
Results: The case cohort and controls had average vitamin D levels of 15.33 ng/dL and 41.11 ng/dL, respectively. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had longer hospital and ICU stays and greater rates of morbidity. Observations showed no correlation between vitamin D and serum albumin, WBC count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, or HDL. The level of vitamin D at the time of admission to the ICU was observed to be highly sensitive (90.6%) to predicting the mortality rates in the ICU due to sepsis.
Conclusion: Measurement of vitamin D at the time of admission may be a possible indicator for prediction of sepsis mortality and hospital and ICU length of stay for ICU-admitted patients with sepsis.
Mupirocin resistance patterns in staphylococcus isolates causing cutaneous and soft-tissue infections: An epidemiological study in a tertiary health-care facility, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Karuna Ahire  , Rahul Wadile  , Bhanupriya Pande  , Deepak Shejwal
Published: November 2023

Background: Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus remain a significant concern in both community and hospital settings. Mupirocin resistance among these isolates poses challenges for infection management and control strategies.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of mupirocin resistance among staphylococcus isolates responsible for cutaneous and soft-tissue infections in patients attending a tertiary health-care facility. Along with that, the study investigated into mupirocin resistance prevalence and identified risk factors.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a medical college, including 256 non-consecutive staphylococcal isolates from SSI. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommended methods. Mupirocin resistance was determined through disk diffusion testing using 5 μg and 200 μg Mupirocin disks for low-level and high-level resistance, respectively.
Results: Among the samples, 16.4% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 9.37% were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. Mupirocin high-level resistance was found in 16.6% of S. aureus isolates, and mupirocin low-level resistance in 19% of MRSA isolates. The prevalence of resistance was lower in inpatient departments compared to outpatient departments. Associations were observed between resistance and patient demographics, history of mupirocin use, surgical site infections, hospitalization history, and diabetes.
Conclusion: Mupirocin resistance presents a multifaceted challenge in the context of both patient demographics and clinical settings. The prevalence of resistance was influenced by factors such as patient age, gender, and prior mupirocin usage.
A comprehensive study to determine effect of coronavirus disease on pulmonary function of the affected patients
Authors: Amita R Ranade  , Anita J Jadhav  , Smita Y Wagh
Published: November 2023

Background: As the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to unfold, understanding the implications of the disease on post-recovery lung function becomes crucial. This study aimed to investigate the early convalescent phase characteristics of lung function in patients recovering from COVID-19, shedding light on the extent and nature of lung impairments following acute infection.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the early convalescent phase characteristics of lung function in patients recovering from COVID-19, shedding light on the extent and nature of lung impairments following acute infection.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 57 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently discharged from the hospital. Comprehensive lung function tests, chest computed tomography scans, and the 6-min walk test were performed approximately 30 days after discharge to assess pulmonary parameters, imaging abnormalities, and exercise tolerance.
Results: The study revealed that more than half of the patients exhibited impairments in diffusing capacity (DLCO), respiratory muscle strength, and lung imaging abnormalities during the early convalescent phase. Notably, severe cases demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of DLCO impairment, accompanied by notable reductions in total lung capacity and 6-min walking distances compared to non-severe cases. Interestingly, the severity of illness or residual imaging changes did not consistently correlate with the observed lung function impairments. This observation challenges previous assumptions and underscores the complexity of the relationship between disease severity and post-recovery lung function.
Conclusion: In the context of COVID-19 recovery, this study highlights the presence of early convalescent phase impairments in lung function, suggesting that the impact on respiratory health extends beyond the acute phase of infection.
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES ON THE KARKH SIDE OF BAGHDAD
Authors: M. Abdullah Maryam , M. Asmael Noor
Published: November 2023

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a mathematical method which is considered This method is considered one of the most accurate methods in terms of making decisions by providing multiple options so that the decision-maker can calibrate and evaluate the alternatives. The city of Baghdad suffers from stifling traffic congestion due to the increase in population, which leads to a significant increase in the number of trips inside and outside the city, and with this, the number of vehicles is more than the capacity of the city’s road network; especially on the Karkh side. Three alternative roads were proposed in the network; namely: the first alternative is the fourth ring road that connects the Abu Ghraib highway and the roundabout bridge, the second road represents the link between the Washash roundabout and the Muthanna Airport intersection, the third alternative is constructing a tunnel from the Al-Paratha Mosque intersection in the direction of Haifa Street. The purpose of the study is to analyze and select the best alternative by using multi-criteria decision-making. Based on the results, it appears that the economic factor has the greatest effect on the selection of alternatives with its weight equal to 55%, followed by the accessibility factor with a weight of 29.8%. Although the second alternative was chosen as the best alternative in this manuscript, the first alternative is also important in terms of reducing traffic congestion and truck crossing within the city. To increase the efficiency of the network, it is proposed to implement the first and second proposals as well as widen the study region.
Antimicrobial effects of hydrogel implants incorporating gold nanoparticles and albucide and developed for reconstructive surgery in the orbit and periorbital area
Authors: Самченко Ю. М. , Дибкова С. М. , Малецький Анатолій , Керносенко Л. О. , Грузіна Т. Г. , Пасмурцева Н. О. , Рєзніченко Л. С. , Лютко О. Б. , Вітрак К. В. , Бігун Н. М. , Воротицький П. В. , Мамишев І. Є.
Published: November 2023

Background: It is important to develop orbital hydrogel implants capable of depositing drugs (particularly, antimicrobial and anticancer drugs).

Purpose: To assess antimicrobial effects of hybrid hydrogel implants containing gold nanoparticles and albucide and developed for reconstructive surgery in the orbit and periorbital area.

Material and Methods: A 30% aqueous solution of albucide was used in the study. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized hydrogels was determined using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains.

Results: All the synthesized samples of orbital hydrogel implants were sterile.

The synthesized hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites with incorporated Au nanoparticles demonstrated bacteriostatic effects against E. Coli ATCC 25922, E. Faecalis ATCC 29213, and S. Aureus ATCC 25923 strains, and bactericidal effects against P. Aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain. This study also demonstrated marked bactericidal effects of hybrid hydrogel implants incorporating both Au nanoparticles and albucide.

Conclusion: Orbital hydrogel implants were found to be sterile after being sealed into polypropylene bags and steam sterilized at 121 °C for 20 minutes. Our findings of bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the synthesized hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites containing Au nanoparticles and albucide against bacterial strains of interest will allow for the absence of, or low probability of bacterial contamination in applications of these hydrogels in implants.
Formation of Social Competence in the Process of Learning at the University
Authors: Baichorova Albina Mikhalovna , Botashev Ruslan Maratovich , Botashev Aslan Maratovich
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the essence of social competence and the features of its formation in the process of obtaining a university education. Conditions are put forward that promote the development of the components of social competence. It is proposed to consider the possibility of organizing problem-based and socio-psychological education.
GOLPE DE JUDÔ O SOTO GARI: VALIDAÇÃO DE LISTA DE CHECAGEM
Authors: Gomes Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira , Meira Jr. Cássio de Miranda , Bassi Fabiana Monteiro , Hayashida Jr. Carlos Roberto , Tani Go
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e validar duas listas de checagem para avaliação qualitativa do golpe de judô o soto gari, uma referente à configuração global e outra relativa à fase de desequilíbrio (kuzushi). Em ambas as listas, (a) ao menos 90% dos peritos em judô avaliaram os itens como claros, adequados tecnicamente e viáveis para aplicação em contextos de pesquisa e (b) os índices de correlação intra e interavaliadores atingiram, no mínimo, 0,80 na configuração global e 0,70 no desequilíbrio. Assim, pode-se concluir que as listas propostas apresentaram teor representativo do golpe e mostraram-se fidedignas.
EFEITOS DOS PROGRAMAS DE EXERCÍCIOS AERÓBICO E RESISTIDO NA REDUÇÃO DA GORDURA ABDOMINAL DE MULHERES COM EXCESSO DE PESO
Authors: Macêdo Denise , Silva Maria Sebastiana
Published: November 2023

Introdução: O aumento da gordura na região abdominal pode estar associado a diversas complicações metabólicas e doenças cardiovasculares. Exercícios físicos parecem reduzir a obesidade abdominal, entretanto faltam evidências conclusivas sobre quais tipos e intensidades de treinamento são mais eficazes. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos exercícios aeróbico e resistido sobre a gordura abdominal de mulheres com excesso de peso. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 31 mulheres (19 grupo aeróbico e 12 grupo resisitido) de 44,5 ± 8,6 anos, com alto índice de gordura abdominal, não praticantes de exercício físico regular. O treinamento do grupo aeróbico (GA) incluiu caminhada e corrida em pista de atletismo e do grupo resistido (GR) exercícios com pesos. Os grupos realizaram de 50 a 70 minutos de exercícios, três vezes por semana, durante 10 semanas. Foram aferidos massa corporal, estatura, circuferência da cintura (CC), dobras cutâneas e calculados o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a composição corporal nos períodos pré e pós treinamento. Resultados: Ambos os programas de exercícios promoveram diminuições significativas (p < 0,01) na CC (1,9% GA e 2,5% GR), no percentual de gordura corporal (2,3% GA e 3,1% GR) e dobra cutânea do abdome (6,6% GA e 6,8% GR), entretanto a massa corporal e o IMC não alteraram significativamente. Apesar do GR ter apresentado maiores reduções de CC, gordura subcutânea abdominal e percentual de gordura corporal que o GA, não houve diferença estatística entre os valores. Conclusão: Concluímos que tanto o exercício aeróbico como o resistido, realizados com intensidade moderada e duração de 150 a 210 minutos semanais, promovem diminuição da obesidade abdominal e ajustes positivos na composição corporal de mulheres com excesso de peso.
O IMPACTO DA IDENTIDADE DE GÊNERO NA AUTO-AVALIAÇÃO CORPORAL E MOTORA DE ATLETAS DE AMBOS OS SEXOS
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Martins Caroline Pereira , Fávero Kríscia Germano , Silveira Rozana Aparecida , Souza Cícero Augusto
Published: November 2023

Este projeto de pesquisa descritiva de campo não probabilística teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto da identidade de gênero na auto-avaliação corporal e motora de atletas oficiais de futebol, basquetebol, voleibol, handebol e natação de ambos os sexos. As coletas de dados utilizaram de técnicas snow ball e focus groups em locais de treinamentos e competições esportivas de Santa Catarina. Este estudo utilizou auto-avaliação por intermédio de um questionário - Questionário de Identidade Corporal (QIC) com 328 sujeitos, sendo 165 homens e 163 mulheres com no mínimo 30 participantes de cada modalidade esportiva com média de idade de 22 anos. Para análise de dados utilizou-se de estatística descritiva e inferêncial (Teste t de Student e Anova Oneway). Conclui-se que houve diferenças em termos de corporeidade e motricidade dentre os sexos, assim como dentre as diferentes modalidades. Os homens demonstraram serem mais ativos fisicamente e gostarem mais de atividades que buscam competitividade e agressividade do que as mulheres, enquanto as atletas mostraram conhecerem menos seu corpo e se importarem mais com a imagem corporal. Além disso, as mulheres atletas desse estudo brincaram na infância tanto com meninas quanto com meninos, fato este que pode ter-las levado ao mundo do esporte.
Peaceful or Disciplined?
Authors: Park Joohyun
Published: November 2023

Differential participation in violent protests has been explained in terms of protesters’ personal values, biographical availability, and network embeddedness. However, the form of mass protest may be influenced less by the microstructure of protesters and more by their collective past experiences of resistance. Through the South Korean candlelight protests of 2008 and 2016–2017, this article examines novices’ and repeaters’ perceptions of nonviolent protest. Onsite survey and interview data show that previous frustrating protest experiences in 2008 made repeater protesters more perseverant, even when violence was expected. Repeaters had little faith in “disciplined” protests, whereas novices hoped for change through “peaceful” protests. I argue that previous experiences of resistance and their outcomes influenced protesters’ perceptions on the efficiency and legitimacy of violent protest. By examining protesters’ varying perseverance, which mediates the condition of violence, this article advances the relationship between violence and civic participation.
Racial and gender disparities in traumatic brain injury clinical trial enrollment
Authors: Bah Momodou G. , Naik Anant , Barrie Umaru , Dharnipragada Rajiv , Eden Sonia V. , Arnold Paul M.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Despite the increasing number of women and racial/ethnic minorities sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they are underrepresented in TBI clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate gender and racial diversity in enrolled cohorts of TBI clinical trials to identify trends and predictors of increased disparity over time.

METHODS

The authors reviewed TBI clinical trials with reported results registered on the website ClinicalTrials.gov between 2008 and 2022. The studies were assessed for the proportion of women and racial/ethnic minorities enrolled as well as their reporting of race- and gender-specific characteristics such as gender ratio (GR) and Racial Diversity Index (RDI). Further study parameters, including year and duration, phase, trial design, type of funding, and trial completion, were also included.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty-five clinical trials met inclusion criteria, of which 65 and 134 reported race and gender, respectively. Twenty-five trials were found to have existing racial disparity (RDI < 1). Comparatively, industry-funded trials had a 26% greater likelihood of racial disparities (p = 0.026), whereas federally funded trials were 30% less likely to demonstrate racial disparities (p = 0.031). Sixty-six trials had gender disparities (GR < 0.4) present, with federally funded trials showing 37.1% greater rates of gender disparity (p < 0.001, adjusted OR 5.47, 95% CI 2.26–14.25). The impact of funding source on race and gender remained significant despite adjusting for other covariates in the multivariate analyses. Racial disparity was negatively correlated with trial completion rate (p < 0.001). Disparities were not found to improve over the 14-year time span.

CONCLUSIONS

Racial and gender disparities in TBI clinical trial enrollment persist, and the lack of diversity may lead to biased evidence-based medicine. Efforts should be made to increase the representation of women and racial/ethnic minorities in TBI clinical trials to ensure equitable access to effective treatments for all populations.
Assessment of safety and economic impact of boil-off-gas in LPG storage tanks
Authors: Princewill Nwadinobi Chibundo , Ubasom Kanu Allwell , David Chukwudi Onyebuchi
Published: November 2023

This study was carried out to assess the effect of boil-off gas (BOG) on the safety and economic effectiveness of LPG storage tanks. It includes analysis of the thermodynamic properties of LPG; heat absorbed from ambient air by the storage tank that leaks into the LPG, and consequently generates boil-off gas in the supply chain, by utilizing appropriate thermodynamic and heat transfer equations. Analyzing the heat leakage required the estimations of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the ambient air in the supply location and the LPG supply chain, which amounted to 3335.9W/m2K and 21.058W/m2K, respectively, in the system under study. Analyzing the thermodynamic properties, such as specific volume, entropy, and enthalpy of the LPG, shows that the entropy of LPG in the storage tank is negative, which suggests an endothermic process, validating that heat is added to the system from the surroundings. The heat absorbed in the LPG from the ambient air by the storage tank amounted to 1.785kW. The boil-off generation rate due to the storage tank heat leakage was 0.0049kg/s, which translates to a cost equivalent loss of 0.0069$/s at an LPG selling price of 1.42$/kg. It was recommended that maintenance of insulation and other external factors such as wind speed, solar radiation, ambient temperature, and thermal conductivity of the storage tank material are key factors in minimizing the heat leaks into LPG; hence BOG generation, which is of utmost importance in ensuring safety and economic loss in the LPG supply chain.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE PROCESS OF MAKING CERAMIC TILES MOLDUSING THE MASTERCAM X5 TO GENERATE G-CODE
Authors: Santosa Aa , Yosi Laksana Naufal
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIn its development, every manufacturing industry increasingly makes people think more creatively and are faced with new problems, especially in making new innovations. The purpose of these production issues is to achieve faster and more efficient production targets. The metal machining process is an important factor to support the quality of the final product, but there is one obstacle that must be faced.Mold or Mold is a technology that is produced using software assistance to speed up work and make products better in terms of accuracy and effectiveness. The use of technology in the manufacture of products in various industrial fields continues to be developed in order to increase efficiency. This is also the case with the ceramics industry, which has been increasingly being used as a ceramicshousehold needs. In the production process, the ceramics industrygradually using automated processes to replace processesmanuals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the manufacture of ceramic mastersby using a CNC machine in the Kasongan ceramic industry. ResultsThis research is expected to be a reference in making ceramicsusing a CNC machine. Analysis of machining processes performedincludes machining parameters, time and yield or productThis research is an application of the CAD CAM course, the Mastercam software application is very helpful in mold making innovation. Tiles are a form of a product resulting from a metal molding process, the mold material is made of st 37 steel.