bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doctoral Supervision Practice: What’s the Problem and How Can We Help Academics?
Authors: Carter Susan , Kensington-Miller Barbara , Courtney Matthew
Published: January 2017

Academics are feeling squeezed by increasing research supervision demands within tightening time constraints. In a changing higher education environment, demands on doctoral supervisors need to be better understood in order to provide them with the right support at supervision pressure points. As academic developers, our aim was to better understand supervision challenges across multiple disciplines. A two stage study firstly sought differences in research and supervision practice between faculties by means of an anonymised digital questionnaire [n226]. Twenty-two questions explored supervisors’ experiences of project management, communication and writing. Secondly, we interviewed 11 experienced supervisors from disciplines other than our own (education), focusing on supervision’s discipline-specific challenges and constraints. We expected to find discipline-differences between science and humanities. However, analysis showed that supervision challenges are the same across disciplines. We report on what these entail and argue that, as graduate numbers rise in an internationalised academy, supervision support can and should be developed centrally in order to address the growing pressures on faculty.
Guest Editorial
Authors: Mathew David
Published: January 2017

This editorial article is the result of a ‘swap of editorials’ between David Mathew, Editor of the Journal of Pedagogic Development (JPD) and Keith Smyth, one of the Editors of the Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice (JPAAP). We agreed that it would be a good idea to introduce each journal to the readership of the other journal, especially as both publication share common intellectual ground and a similar way of looking at the subjects of teaching and learning. Part one of our ‘editorial swap’ from David Mathew comes below, with part two by Keith Smyth forthcoming in JPD later this year.
Effect of different fertilizing and farming systems in annual medic (Medicago scutellata ’Robinson’) on soil organic matter and nutrients status
Authors: Shabani Ghobad , Chaichi M. R. , Ardakani Mohammad Reza , FRIDEL J. K. , Khavazi K.
Published: January 2017

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fertilizing and farming systems in annual medic (Medicago scutellata ‘Robinson’) on soil organic matter and nutrients status. Fertilizing systems consisted of control (no fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer and integrated fertilizers (different combinations of chemical and biological fertilizing systems). The farming systems included irrigated and dry-farming systems. The experiment was conducted in two experimental sites with diverse climatic and soil conditions in Kermanshah province, Iran, during 2009 growing season. The highest amount of soil organic matter of 1.28 % was observed in integrated fertilizing system of nitrogen-fixing bacteria + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. Most of the nitrogen applied through chemical fertilizers was leached out of the plant access, however, application of integrated fertilizer resulted in increasing the concentration of nitrogen in soil because of its slow release and efficient utilization by plants. According to the results of this study it was concluded that the integrated fertilizing system was more successful in dry farming compared to other fertilizing systems.
Utility of some floral characters in the assessment of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Azeez Musibau Adewuyi , Olowookere Modupe Bimpe , Animasaun David Adedayo , Bello Bashir Omolaran
Published: January 2017

Sesame collections were evaluated for quantitative floral characters and data obtained were subjected to various statistical analyses. Result showed narrow diversity in most of the quantitative floral characters with moderate variability in length of flower (2.03-3.27 cm), length of style (1.10-1.40 cm), length of capsule (2.33-2.98 cm) and number of seeds per capsule (38.67 – 57.67). Correlation study revealed significantly (p < 0.01) positive correlations for length of ovary versus length of flower (r= 0.70) and length of capsule versus length of style (r= 0.77). The first two principal components accounted for 61.59 % of which the first component had 34.13 % and the second was 27.46 %. Dendrogram divided the seventeen accessions/landraces into two major groups (A and B). Group A had only one cluster with five members whilegroup B had three clusters (Cluster II, III and IV) with seven, three and two members respectively. Each accession within a cluster could be employed as baseline parent in crossbreeding for improvement of yield in Nigerian sesame.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on ion content and root characteristics of green bean and maize under intercropping
Authors: Marzban Zahra , Faryabi Elham , Torabian Shahram
Published: January 2017

In order to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria effects on leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration and root characteristics of green bean and maize under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of College of Agriculture, Payame Noor University of Azna, Lorestan, Iran. In experiment, sandy loam soil with pH 7.3 and EC 0.49 dS m-1 was used.The treatments comprised three cropping systems (sole cropping of green bean and maize, and intercropping), and four inoculations (control, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium and mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium). The results showed that inoculation with rhizobium improved length, diameter, volume and area of green bean root.The highest of green bean N, P concentration and root dry mass were observed in sole culture of green bean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, root length, diameter, volume and area of maize increased by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and total concentration of N and P enhanced with use of rhizobium in sole cropping. Although the usage of Rhizobium and AMF can be affected on increasing the root growth and nutrient uptake of crops, application of bacterium and fungi combination at the same time would not be suitable. Overall, intercropping of maize with green bean caused to increase of leaf N and P concentrations and root growth of maize.
CITY HOTSPOT: LINKAGES BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND BIODIVERSITY OF URBAN GREEN AREAS
Authors: Železnikar Špela , Eler Klemen , Pintar Marina
Published: January 2017

Green areas in cities and their ecosystem services (ES) offer residents various benefits. The range of services depends on biodiversity of a green space. The aim was to determine the relationship between biodiversity in different categories of green areas in the city and the ecosystem services, which appear in it. We made 108 relevés in the autumn and spring time, within nine categories of green areas in the Municipality of Ljubljana. In each category the range of ES was assessed based on field analysis and compared with literature assessed ecosystem services. Results showed that the category of forests differ from others. Other categories were similar to each other, in particular grassland categories. Also, a positive relationship linkage was found - more plant species mean more assessed ecosystem services in a specific green infrastructure category.
Knowledge exploration using tables on the web
Authors: Chirigati Fernando , Liu Jialu , Korn Flip , Wu You (Will) , Yu Cong , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2017

The increasing popularity of mobile device usage has ushered in many features in modern search engines that help users with various information needs. One of those needs is Knowledge Exploration, where related documents are returned in response to a user query, either directly through right-hand side knowledge panels or indirectly through navigable sections underneath individual search results. Existing knowledge exploration features have relied on a combination of Knowledge Bases and query logs.

In this paper, we propose Knowledge Carousels of two modalities, namely sideways and downwards, that facilitate exploration of IS-A and HAS-A relationships, respectively, with regard to an entity-seeking query, based on leveraging the large corpus of tables on the Web. This brings many technical challenges, including associating correct carousels with the search entity, selecting the best carousel from the candidates, and finding titles that best describe the carousel. We describe how we address these challenges and also experimentally demonstrate through user studies that our approach produces better result sets than baseline approaches.
Fast algorithm for the lasso based L
1
-graph construction
Authors: Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Ida Yasutoshi , Arai Junya , Nishimura Mai , Iwamura Sotetsu
Published: January 2017

The lasso-based L
1
-graph is used in many applications since it can effectively model a set of data points as a graph. The lasso is a popular regression approach and the L
1
-graph represents data points as nodes by using the regression result. More specifically, by solving the L
1
-optimization problem of the lasso, the sparse regression coefficients are used to obtain the weights of the edges in the graph. Conventional graph structures such as
k
-NN graph use two steps, adjacency searching and weight selection, for constructing the graph whereas the lasso-based L
1
-graph derives the adjacency structure as well as the edge weights simultaneously by using a coordinate descent. However, the construction cost of the lasso-based L
1
-graph is impractical for large data sets since the coordinate descent iteratively updates the weights of all edges until convergence. Our proposal,
Castnet,
can efficiently construct the lasso-based L
1
-graph. In order to avoid updating the weights of all edges, we prune edges that cannot have nonzero weights before entering the iterations. In addition, we update edge weights only if they are nonzero in the iterations. Experiments show that Castnet is significantly faster than existing approaches.
Resisting tag spam by leveraging implicit user behaviors
Authors: Zhai Ennan , Li Zhenhua , Li Zhenyu , Wu Fan , Chen Guihai
Published: January 2017

Tagging systems are vulnerable to tag spam attacks. However, defending against tag spam has been challenging in practice, since adversaries can easily launch spam attacks in various ways and scales. To deeply understand users' tagging behaviors and explore more effective defense, this paper first conducts measurement experiments on public datasets of two representative tagging systems: Del.icio.us and CiteULike. Our key finding is that a significant fraction of correct tag-resource annotations are contributed by a small number of
implicit similarity cliques,
where users annotate common resources with similar tags. Guided by the above finding, we propose a new service, called Spam-Resistance-as-a-Service (or SRaaS), to effectively defend against heterogeneous tag spam attacks even at very large scales. At the heart of SRaaS is a novel reputation assessment protocol, whose design leverages the implicit similarity cliques coupled with the social networks inherent to typical tagging systems. With such a design, SRaaS manages to offer
provable guarantees
on diminishing the influence of tag spam attacks. We build an SRaaS prototype and evaluate it using a large-scale spam-oriented research dataset (which is much more polluted by tag spam than Del.icio.us and CiteULike datasets). Our evaluational results demonstrate that SRaaS outperforms existing tag spam defenses deployed in real-world systems, while introducing low overhead.
A general framework for estimating graphlet statistics via random walk
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Li Yongkun , Wang Pinghui , Lui John C. S.
Published: January 2017

Graphlets are induced subgraph patterns and have been frequently applied to characterize the local topology structures of graphs across various domains, e.g., online social networks (OSNs) and biological networks. Discovering and computing graphlet statistics are highly challenging. First, the massive size of real-world graphs makes the exact computation of graphlets extremely expensive. Secondly, the graph topology may not be readily available so one has to resort to web crawling using the available application programming interfaces (APIs). In this work, we propose a general and novel framework to estimate graphlet statistics of "
any size.
" Our framework is based on collecting samples through consecutive steps of random walks. We derive an analytical bound on the sample size (via the Chernoff-Hoeffding technique) to guarantee the convergence of our unbiased estimator. To further improve the accuracy, we introduce two novel optimization techniques to reduce the lower bound on the sample size. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that our methods outperform the state-of-the-art method up to an order of magnitude both in terms of accuracy and time cost.
Internal Structure of Vitrinite and Sporinite in the View of Micro-FTIR Spectroscopy Using the Example of Coal from the Seam 405 of the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin (USCB)
Authors: Komorek Joanna
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study was to compare the internal structure of vitrinite and sporinite obtained from coal from the seam 405. The examinations were performed with the use of infrared spectroscopy in the micro-area (micro-FTIR).

Studies have shown that vitrinite is characterized by lower content of aliphatic components and greater content of aromatic components than sporinite. Sporinite is characterized by longer and less branched aliphatic chains than vitrinite.

It was found that vitrinite internal structure is characterized by a greater relative content of aromatic than aliphatic components. The degree of condensation of aromatic rings in structure of vitrinite increases, when the coal rank rises. Studies have shown that the transformation of the vitrinite internal structure towards a structure characterized by a greater degree condensation of aromatic components proceeds at the cost of restructuring the aliphatic groups and is related to the restructuring of the aromatic systems.

The structure of sporinite is characterized by a greater participation of aliphatic bonds as compared to aromatic bonds. The relative content of the aliphatic components decreases together with increase of aromatic hydrogen functional group CHar content in the internal structure of sporinite when the coal rank rises. The aliphatic bonds in the sporinite are subject to restructuring. The aliphatic chains are getting increasingly shorter.
Influence of the Hard-Faced Layer Welded on Tangential-Rotary Pick Operational Part on to Its Wear Rate
Authors: Krauze Krzysztof , Skowronek Tadeusz , Mucha Kamil
Published: January 2017

Problems related with abrasive wear of tangential-rotary picks during cutting process and its limitations, have been discussed in the present study. Essential for the parameters of cutting process geometrical, kinematic and material parameters of tangential-rotary picks and types of their wear, have been discussed. Testing procedure in aspect of the wear of tangential-rotary picks and their durability estimation, has been described. Manners of the abrasion of pick body and pick edge of the tangential-rotary picks, have been determined. Particular attention was paid to procedure of hard facing of the pick operational part and its influence onto mining process. Results of examination of tangential-rotary picks with hard facing layer on operational part near insert made of abrasion sintered carbide are also cited.
Equilizing of the Primary Stress State in the Rock Mass, Simulated by a Model of Layer in an Elastic-Viscous Medium
Authors: Kortas Grzegorz
Published: January 2017

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the stress development process in the homogeneous and non-homogeneous rock mass. The rock-mass model consists of an elastic-viscous medium containing a layer (Fig. 1) that displays distinct geomechanical strain properties. When examining the process of stress equilizing in time, the Norton-Bailey power creep law was applied in the numerical analysis. The relationship between effective stresses and time, the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s coefficient, and creep compliance were obtained. It was demonstrated that the relationship between effective stress and time or creep compliance, for the assumed conditions in a homogeneous rock-mass, was approximated by hyperbolic functions (10 and 16). The process parameter included a certain value of creep compliance or of time at which there occurred a half-way equilizing of primary stresses. An analogous function binds effective stresses with creep compliance. Our model studies indicated a number of relationships between bulk and shear strain with time and creep compliance in the homogeneous and non-homogeneous rock mass, presented in Figs. 2-14, expressed by the functions of those specific parameters.

The relationships obtained in this work resulted from our model assumptions. However, they demonstrated the influence of the geomechanical strain properties of rocks on the process of shaping the primary stress state in the rock mass and the tendency to reduce the principal stress differences in time. Our research results suggested the necessity to simulate the primary stress state as an initial condition of the geomechanical numerical analysis concerning the rock-mass behaviour showing rheological properties.
Intelligent Self-Powered Sensors in the State-of-the-Art Control Systems of Mining Machines
Authors: Jasiulek Dariusz , Stankiewicz Krzysztof , Woszczyński Mariusz
Published: January 2017

Perspectives of development of control system dedicated for areas threatened by methane and/or coal dust explosion hazard are presented. Development of self-powered sensors, dedicated for operation in wireless network is one of the development directions. Such a solution will complement typical control systems and it can be used in the places, where there is no possibility of using the typical sensors, in close vicinity to the machine – due to lack of wired connection. General concept of the self-powered sensors with use of two methods of power supply – piezoelectric energy harvester and thermoelectric generator, is given. Perspective of using the methods of artificial intelligence in automatic configuration of sensors network is suggested.
Method of the Assessment of the Influence of Longwall Effective Working Time Onto Obtained Mining Output
Authors: Snopkowski Ryszard , Napieraj Aneta , Sukiennik Marta
Published: January 2017

Method of the influence of assessment of longwall effective working time onto obtained mining output, has been discussed in the present study.

Mean flow rate of the winning stream being also considered as directional factor of linear function describing relation between daily output and effective mining in the longwall face, has been determined. Such relation – presented also graphically in form of the diagram – determines significance and influence of the effective working time onto obtained mining output. This relation should be considered as motivation in particular for supervisory personnel, as it shows advantages resulting from elongation of this time, as well as it shows possible loses of the daily output in a case, when the effective working time in given longwall face was shortened.
A Game of Time: Time Travel, Video Game and Cinema in the Era of Algorithm
Authors: Liu Xiao
Published: January 2017

How do we experience time in an era of digital, networked communication? What if time becomes an algorithmic database that provides random accesses and entries to different moments in the past or the future? This essay focuses on a 2009 Chinese film, Lee’s Adventures, to explore the intricate interrelations between digital media and the representability of time. The film features a young urban professional named Lee, who is frenetically obsessed with playing a video game in order to travel to a different time. The film constantly highlights a suffocating, efficiency-centered corporate time that Lee has to endure as a petty clerk in a cold, glass-surfaced office building. The video game is taken by him as a “time machine” to escape from the homogenous, hollow present. Yet ironically, although the video game becomes a vehicle for Lee to travel to a different time, his access is structured by the algorithmic database of the game. Developing from an analysis of the algorithmic aesthetic of the film, I argue that the ideological functions of the index of analog cinema are now taken over by algorithm, which provides a new structure to manage the contingent. Tracing this tension between the determinacy and the play inherent in the standardization of time since the early modern period, this essay in the end asks how digital media redefine cinema’s role in restructuring time.
The Utopia of the Human: about Ge Fei’s Jiangnan Trilogy
Authors: Zhang Yinde
Published: January 2017

Researchers have recently shown a growing interest for studies of anti-utopian fictions in Chinese, highlighting their critical value in history, society, and ideology. However the persistence of the utopian spirit beyond these dystopian representations has often been neglected. The present paper aims to explore this underlying utopianism by focusing on Ge Fei’s Jiangnan Triology (2004–2011), as it forms a significant paradigm on the issue, through an appeal for displacement, pointing out the importance in our reflections of moving from topography into the human dimension. This paper seeks to examine how human utopia is featured both in a literary and contextualized way, by arguing that utopianism is humanism, inherent to the awareness of social and historical crises, as opposed to the myths of Nation, Progress or Prosperity.
Reconstructing the Zhuang zi: Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Bumbacher Stephan Peter
Published: January 2017

The received version of the text Zhuang zi can be traced to the fourth century AD when its commentator Guo Xiang has shortened by roughly a third and rearranged the text available to him. The version(s) current at that time were in all likelihood descendants of the text which Liu Xiang in the first century BC had prepared for the imperial library. The scant hints at his activity are discussed. As Liu Xiang also compiled own works that contain implicit Zhuang zi quotations, this allows to partially reconstruct the pre-Guo Xiang text. Some scholars assume that members of the court of Huai nan have produced a redaction of their own in the second half of the second century BC. While this cannot be excluded, evidence is presented that the transmission of the Zhuang zi text has not been influenced by the Huai nan scholars. The earliest explicit quotation of the text can be found in the Lü shi chun qiu of 239 BC. This source also contains a series of implicit quotations allowing to partially reconstruct the pre-Han Zhuang zi. Excavated bamboo slips lead to the identification of later insertions into the text. As the pre-Guo Xiang version survived into the Tang dynasty, a systematic search in a broad range of pre-Tang and Tang texts revealed lost pericopes as well as lost parts of pericopes and lost sentences.
Les « Hommes singuliers » (duxing) dans le Livre des Han postérieurs (Hou Hanshu, 5e s. apr. J.-C.)
Authors: Zufferey Nicolas
Published: January 2017

Fan Ye’s Hou Hanshu (“The Book of Later Han”, 5th AD) devotes a (collective) biographical chapter to the duxing, i.e. “[men of] singular conduct” (ch. 81, “Duxing liezhuan”), namely twenty-four men singled out for their infallible loyalty, strong sense of friendship or filial piety. This paper attempts to grasp the nature of these moral figures, notably in relation to other biographic categories like hermits and knight-errants, with whom the duxing share a number of traits: to some extent, the duxing can be understood as tamed variations of such political outsiders; notably, several duxing refused employment out of loyalty for the Han regime, in ways reminiscent of hermits or recluses declining to accept office out of moral reasons. The duxing chapter is also potentially informative of the moral values of lower social strata such as the regional nobility or even local servants, in supposed contrast with the higher, “Confucian” values of the court and the central administration. A conclusion is that the duxing represent a transition category between (late) Han dynasty values and medieval categories. The duxing chapter is also instructive in historiographical terms, because the nature of the materials collected gives clues to the methods of the historian.
Dimitri Kirsanoff: The Elusive Estonian
Authors: Hoyer Dirk
Published: January 2017

This article investigates the contradictory information about the Estonian identity of the filmmaker Dimitri Kirsanoff (1899–1957) and examines the archival material that provides final confirmation of his birth and childhood in Tartu. In addition, Kirsanoff’s substantial contribution to silent cinema and his significance in the context of French avant-garde impressionism are discussed. Kirsanoff’s most acclaimed filmMénilmontant(France, 1926) was released 90 years ago. It is still frequently screened all over the world, due to its experimental montage techniques, the early use of handheld cameras, its innovative use of actual locations and the actors’ performances that still resonate with contemporary audiences.Ménilmontantis also influential because of its elliptical narrative style. However, with the advent of sound film, Kirsanoff’s career declined because the reorganisation of the film industry limited the creative freedom he enjoyed in the 1920s. This article attempts to contribute to a wider acknowledgement of Dimitri Kirsanoff’s Estonian origins, his films and his important place in the world cinema.
Dynamic hardness of wood – measurements with an automated portable hardness tester
Authors: de Assis Albert Augusto , Alexandre Rogério Pinto , Ballarin Adriano Wagner
Published: January 2017

A research group on forest products from School of Agriculture – Sao Paulo State University. Brazil developed a portable hardness tester for wood, which is based on a displacement transducer and an embedded electronic processor for dynamic evaluation of hardness. This paper presents the results of calibration tests of the equipment, carried out on seven species of Eucalyptus. A new methodology for dynamic hardness calculation has been introduced, which relays on the reaction force of the indentation, while the measurements of indentation depth are performed under load. A moderate to strong linear correlation to Janka hardness and its variations were found. This new approach avoids the classical problems of Brinell hardness test in terms of “sinking-in” (causing diffuse edges) and elastic recovery of the indentation.
Photocatalytic degradation of phenol on strontium titanate supported on HZSM-5
Authors: Sun Yufeng , Hu Tingting , Zhang Wenjie , Chen Xijuan
Published: January 2017

SrTiO
Regional differentiation and the geopolitical and transboundary position of the Presheva Valley
Authors: Ejupi Arsim , Ramadani Ibrahim
Published: January 2017

The determination of the Presheva Valley as a special region highlights the need for theoretical analysis and the use of different methods and principles which enable geographical regionalization. The Presheva Valley represents a natural continuation of the Albanian ethnic territories. With a very convenient position in terms of geography and transportation, as well as its geostrategic and geopolitical basis, it has been occupied by many invaders throughout different periods of history. Under the current administrative, political and territorial division of Serbia, the municipalities of Presheva and Bujanoci belong to the Pčinja district, based in Vranje, while the municipality of Medvegja belongs to the Jablanica district, based in Leskoc. The Presheva Valley has had the status of special region in various periods, but since it shares historical, ethnic and demographic characteristics with other Albanian ethnic territories, it has frequently been separated for the purpose of the assimilation of the Albanian people.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Port Container Terminals with the Use of the Data Envelopment Analysis Method of Relative Productivity Evaluation
Authors: Wiśnicki Bogusz , Chybowski Leszek , Czarnecki Maksymilian
Published: January 2017

The article presents a method for evaluating the efficiency of port container terminals. The research was conducted for nine European terminals which use different handling technologies. The terminals have been divided due to the level of automation of transport processes. In the efficiency research DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method is applied, that was previously used in studies of the relative productivity in the industry. This method allows you to multicriteria process analysis based on the properly selected production system model processing input parameters on output. Conclusions from analysis can be a ground for making a decision on organizational or investment issues.
The Conceptual Design Algorithm of Inland LNG Barges
Authors: Łozowicka Dorota , Kaup Magdalena
Published: January 2017

The article concerns the problem of inland waterways transport of LNG. Its aim is to present the algorithm of conceptual design of inland barges for LNG transport, intended for exploitation on European waterways. The article describes the areas where LNG barges exist, depending on the allowable operating parameters on the waterways. It presents existing architectural and construction solutions of barges for inland LNG transport, as well as the necessary equipment, due to the nature of cargo. Then the article presents the procedure of the conceptual design of LNG barges, including navigation restrictions and functional and economic criteria. The conceptual design algorithm of LGN barges, presented in the article, allows to preliminary design calculations, on the basis of which, are obtained the main dimensions and parameters of unit, depending on the transport task and the class of inland waterways, on which the transport will be realized.
It Systems Supporting the Management of Production Capacity
Authors: Milewska Elżbieta
Published: January 2017

The paper presents the problem of manufacturing process flexibility in view of a company’s material and information flow stream management. The author of the article has described the functions of a production process control system and presented the characteristics of production capacity intensive and extensive reserves. The MRP II/ERP, MES and APS class IT tools supporting the process of production planning, organization and control have also been discussed.
Strategies toward phosphorus-containing PAHs and the effect of P-substitution on the electronic properties
Authors: Szűcs Rózsa , Riobé François , Escande Aude , Joly Damien , Bouit Pierre-Antoine , Nyulászi László , Hissler Muriel
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we report on the different synthetic strategies which led to the preparation of a whole family of polyaromatic hydrocarbons containing a P-atom at the edge. In particular, we show from both experimental and theoretical perspective how the Scholl method has to be adapted to the specificity of organophosphorus derivatives. The P-modified PAHs possess the classical phosphane reactivity that allows fine-tuning of their electronic properties as evidenced by spectro-electrochemistry and theoretical calculations. In particular, the effect of P-substitution on the aromaticity of the different cycles of the PAH was studied.
National parliaments fighting back? Institutional engineering as a successful means to become active actors in EU affairs
Authors: Fromage Diane
Published: January 2017

The European integration process has long been characterised by the predominance of national executive powers. National parliaments were recognised as European actors after several decades only, in the Maastricht Treaty first and to an even larger extent in the Lisbon Treaty. Parliaments were hence long dependent on national constitutional, legal and administrative arrangements to be able to participate in EU affairs. This paper analyses how national parliaments (and their members) have reacted to the challenge the European integration process has represented for them while it also takes due account of the role other institutions, such as constitutional courts, have played in this field. It is argued that while these arrangements may have been successful in allowing national parliaments to play a greater role in this field, they should remain temporary for they are characterised by uncertainty and instability and make it generally difficult for citizens to follow up on national parliaments’ actions and to be fully informed.
It Is About Control: Progressivism, FATCA and Global Law
Authors: Grant Jennifer
Published: January 2017

Progressive ideology has slowly eroded American principles for over a century, declaring social control its ultimate goal. Social control is not possible while American principles, such as individual freedoms and limited government, thrive. Global control is now the favored progressive tactic to overcome such principles, and no sector of our lives is off limits.

This paper intends to examine the motives behind, and consequences of, U.S. legislation known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). Thanks to FATCA, financial institutions around the world have been forced into a sphere of global control. Passed without debate as stealth legislation, FATCA moved us towards global control. FATCA is merely a pit-stop to global control over all financial institutions, transactions, reporting, and a host of other areas. Even worse, the pit-stop is a short one. International organizations are currently working on a global version of FATCA.
Children’s early awareness of the effect of interpersonal status on politeness
Authors: Chen Yupin
Published: January 2017

This study discusses two Mandarin-speaking children’s linguistic politeness through longitudinally observing their uses of request forms with regard to different interactional situations where their interpersonal status may vary accordingly. It seems that the children demonstrate a systematic correspondence between request forms and directness to adhere to politeness at an early age. Although they apparently prefer to utilize comparatively more direct request forms most of the time, a closer investigation reveals a division of labor: they appear to use simple imperatives when their interpersonal status is either superior or equal to their parents and use declaratives with the lexeme WANT when their interpersonal status is inferior. It is therefore suggested that politeness may be mutually negotiated between interlocutors and that children should get socialized with politeness through interaction with adults or other children within various social or interpersonal relationships.
Assessment of Passenger Satisfaction with Public Bus Transport Services: A Case Study of Lucknow City (India)
Authors: Singh Sanjay
Published: January 2017

The main aim of this study is threefold. First, it tries to assess the passenger satisfaction with public bus transport services in the city of Lucknow in India. Second, it tries to examine the service quality attributes that influence the passenger satisfaction. Third, it tries to evaluate the relative importance of service quality attributes to find out the priority for service quality improvements to enhance passenger satisfaction. The study is based on a survey of objective as well as subjective questions conducted between May and July 2014. Five major bus stops of Lucknow were selected for the survey. Total 148 respondents were randomly selected to elicit their overall satisfaction and factors that influence their satisfaction in the use of public bus transport services in Lucknow using a self-rated questionnaire. The collected sample of responses is subjected to principal component analysis, a statistical technique for dimensionality reduction of the dataset, and descriptive analysis. The result of theses analyses shows that passengers are mostly dissatisfied with public bus transport services in Lucknow. Using principal component analysis, five underlying factors were extracted that influenced passenger satisfaction with public bus transport services in the city. Out of these five factors, comfort and safety has the greatest impact on overall satisfaction, followed by the adequacy of capacity of public bus transport services, orderly and clean environment inside buses, elegant design of buses and bus stops, and accessibility to public bus transport services in the city. The study thus provides a direction for public bus transport administration in the city to understand the gaps that exist and try to fill them to improve its services so that passenger satisfaction can be enhanced and consequently more people can be attracted towards public bus transport.
Mitochondria Maintain Distinct Ca2+Pools in Cone Photoreceptors
Authors: Giarmarco Michelle M. , Cleghorn Whitney M. , Sloat Stephanie R. , Hurley James B. , Brockerhoff Susan E.
Published: January 2017

Ca2+ions have distinct roles in the outer segment, cell body, and synaptic terminal of photoreceptors. We tested the hypothesis that distinct Ca2+domains are maintained by Ca2+uptake into mitochondria. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy of zebrafish cones revealed that nearly 100 mitochondria cluster at the apical side of the inner segment, directly below the outer segment. The endoplasmic reticulum surrounds the basal and lateral surfaces of this cluster, but does not reach the apical surface or penetrate into the cluster. Using genetically encoded Ca2+sensors, we found that mitochondria take up Ca2+when it accumulates either in the cone cell body or outer segment. Blocking mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter activity compromises the ability of mitochondria to maintain distinct Ca2+domains. Together, our findings indicate that mitochondria can modulate subcellular functional specialization in photoreceptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCa2+homeostasis is essential for the survival and function of retinal photoreceptors. Separate pools of Ca2+regulate phototransduction in the outer segment, metabolism in the cell body, and neurotransmitter release at the synaptic terminal. We investigated the role of mitochondria in compartmentalization of Ca2+. We found that mitochondria form a dense cluster that acts as a diffusion barrier between the outer segment and cell body. The cluster is surprisingly only partially surrounded by the endoplasmic reticulum, a key mediator of mitochondrial Ca2+uptake. Blocking the uptake of Ca2+by mitochondria causes redistribution of Ca2+throughout the cell. Our results show that mitochondrial Ca2+uptake in photoreceptors is complex and plays an essential role in normal function.
Disability and Life History Research
Authors: Berger Ronald J.
Published: January 2017

In this article the author shares his experience doing life history research with people with disabilities. Berger begins with a brief explanation of how his biographical trajectory brought him to an interest in disability. He then considers the tradition of emancipatory disability research in the context of qualitative inquiry more generally, then his research with Melvin Juette and the world of wheelchair basketball, and last his work with Jon Feucht and the world of augmentative communication.
Stochastic gene expression: bacterial elites in chemotaxis
Authors: van Vliet Simon , Ackermann Martin
Published: January 2017

Even in the absence of genetic or environmental differences, cells differ from each other in their molecular make‐up. The consequences of these phenotypic differences are often not well understood. New work by Waite et al () directly links variation in the molecular composition of individual bacterial cells to their population‐level performance.
Influencia de las asignaturas optativas en el premio extraordinario de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO)
Authors: Ferreiro Seoane Francisco Jesús , Martínez Serra Natalia
Published: January 2017

La educación siempre ha sido, y sigue siendo, un factor imprescindible para el desarrollo humano, económico y social, de tal modo que potenciarla y mejorarla se vuelve imprescindible, para ello cada vez más países buscan indicadores que evalúen su sistema educativo. Una de las pruebas utilizadas en Galicia, España, es el otorgamiento de los premios extraordinarios de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) al alumnado más brillante, siendo un indicador de calidad y excelencia. Son pruebas muy exigentes, con cinco exámenes obligatorios y una optativa a escoger, donde sólo se entregan 20 premios que representan en torno al 6-7% de los presentados, siendo necesario obtener de media sobresaliente en la ESO para presentarse. En este artículo se va a analizar si la prueba es equitativa, y si hay influencia, estadísticamente significativa, en la elección de las optativas a la hora de obtener el premio extraordinario de la ESO. En particular se estudiará el caso de dos optativas. Física-Química y Biología-Geología, que para el período 2008-2013 representan el 85% del total de presentados, mientras que las otras cuatro representan el 15%. Así la principal hipótesis planteada es “El alumnado que escoge la materia optativa de Física y Química frente a Biología-Geología se ve perjudicado en la nota final y tiene menos probabilidades de ganar el premio extraordinario de la ESO”.
Assessment of Reuse Potential of Maritime Pine Utility Poles for Structural Applications after Removal from Service
Authors: Marques André Filipe Silva , Martins Carlos Eduardo Jesus , Dias Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes , Costa Ricardo Joel Teixeira , Morgado Telmo Filipe Marques
Published: January 2017

There has been a strong recent effort to develop procedures that prevent the unnecessary replacement of timber utility poles. Even when assessments show that the utility pole needs to be replaced, there are many cases in which the removed utility poles can be reused. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster (Ait.)) utility poles removed from service (UPRFS) in order to assess their ability to be reused in structural applications. A sample of 51 UPRFS in Portugal was selected, and visual and mechanical properties were evaluated through non-destructive and destructive tests. Dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) was correlated with bending strength (MOR) (r = 0.43) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) (r = 0.71). UPRFS showed a decrease of 14% and 6% in the mean values of MOR and MOE, respectively, when compared with new utility poles. A high variability and low values were obtained for MOR. These results highlight the reuse potential of the maritime pine utility poles for structural applications. Furthermore, the determined properties of UPRFS could be improved with a more stringent selection process that discards utility poles showing severe damage or by removing damaged areas in the utility poles.
Sobre algunos progresos de la Medicina e Higiene Tropical y de la Guerra
Authors: Muehlens Peter
Published: January 2017

Conferencia pronunciada ante la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Lima (Perú), el 13 de agosto de 1924.
Primera prueba del Concurso de Fisiología
Authors: Tabusso Marino Edmundo
Published: January 2017

Primera prueba del Concurso de Fisiología.
Técnica para el radio-diagnóstico de las fracturas claviculares
Authors: Quesada Fortunato
Published: January 2017

Cuando se sigue el método corrientemente adoptado para hacer un radiodiagnóstico en los casos de la fractura de la clavícula, que consiste en tomas una radiografía en el sentido frontal, centrando los rayos en el punto medio de la clavícula o imprimiendo dos placas conforme a la técnica estereoscópica, las fallas que se pueden observar son muy notables.
Contribución al estudio de la barrera ectomesodérmica del sistema nervioso en algunos procesos morbosos, especialmente en la esquizofrenia (continuación)
Authors: Espino Delfín C.
Published: January 2017

Continuación
Sobre inclusiones encontradas en los eritrocitos de algunas lagartijas (Lacertilia - sp) ¿Una nueva Bartonella?
Authors: Weiss Pedro
Published: January 2017

Sugestionado por la creencia muy extendida entre los habitantes de algunas zonas verrucosas y utosas de la participación de un reptil en el ciclo de estas enfermedades, he procurado en repetidas ocasiones examinar la sangre de animales de tal orden, tanto en las zonas endémicas como en otros lugares.
La herencia como principal factor etiológico de la anormalidad mental y de ciertas degeneraciones y formas de criminalidad y su prevención eugénica (continuación)
Authors: Fosalba Rafael G.
Published: January 2017

Pinard y Lidbetter coinciden en demostrar que las familias largas, rodeadas de miseria y carentes de condiciones de vida, tienen una mortalidad infantil desproporcionadamente elevada, y observan con sus estadísticas que, en cuanto a vigor físico, resistencia, estatura, desarrollo intelectual y vitalidad, hay tres grupos civilizados : los germanos, anglo-sajones y escandinavos; los latino-europeos y latino-americanos, y los esclavos.
Incorporación del Prof. Policard, como Doctor Honoris Causa, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Lima
Authors: Villarán Carlos
Published: January 2017

Discurso pronunciado poe el Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Dr. Carlos Villarán, al imponer al Profesor Policard las insignias de Doctor Honoris Causa.
Herencia de los desórdenes mentales
Authors: Delgado Honorio
Published: January 2017

Desde Hipócrates se afirma la convicción de que la herencia influye en la génesis de las enfermedades mentales. Pero sólo en el presente siglo se define una dirección precisa en la investigación correspondiente, gracias al redescubrimiento (por De Vries, Correns y Tchermak, casi simultáneamente, en 1900) de la obra del monje agustino Gregor Mendel (cuya primera y fundamental exposición de las experiencias de hibridación realizadas por él en las plantas fué publicada en 1865). Los hechos revelados por este biólogo, olvidado por la generación que le siguió, significan la iniciación de la etapa científica del estudio de la herencia.
Manifestaciones pulmonares del conejo del llano trasportado a la altura
Authors: Mori CHávez P.
Published: January 2017

Como acabamos de ver hay un hecho saltante en el estudio de los pulmones de conejos del llano transportados a la altura, y es que no revelan alteraciones que indiquen una influencia del enrarecimiento del oxígeno sobre dicho órgano, lo que tiene para nosotros gran importancia como ya lo dijéramos en relación con la patogenia del soroche, pues hace pensar que, bajo la nueva peristasia, los mecanismos reguladores, vale decir compensadores, en el conejo actúan equilibradamente, lo que no sucede en el cuy, que de modo indudable revela una irritabilidad o suceptibilidad particular frente a múltiples estímulos y entre los cuales el de la altura desencadena perturbaciones notables que se verifican, aunque en grados variables, con marcada constancia en todos, como creemos haberlo demostrado en nuestro anterior trabajo. Esta irritabilidad o suceptibilidad de especie (de la especia caviai cobaya) condiciona pues, en nuestro concepto, de manera fundamental la patogenia del "soroche", así como en el hombre es la suceptibilidad o irritabilidad individual la que hace unos más lábiles que otros para sufrir dicho mal. La estructura del pulmón del conejo, como lo hemos explicado, guarda gran similitud con la del cuy, luego podría suponerse, a priori, que su modalidad reaccional frente a diferentes estímulos fuera semejante, lo que no ocurre, indicando con ello que la estructura del órgano, siendo tan importante, no basta por si sola para explicar su modalidad reaccional, y frente al hecho patológico surje a nuestra mente, la posibilidad de intervención de mecanismo reguladoires totales, por lo tanto neuro-humorales, que sufren desviaciones o perturbaciones en su forma y capacidad de acción.