bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de las TIC despierta una mayor motivación que con la no inclusión de las mismas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje
Authors: Ospina-Hérnandez Martha Catalina , Suarez-Castrillon Alberth Miyer , Espinoza-Morales Gloria , Jaimes-Sandoval Nohora
Published: December 2021

Este artículo es una síntesis de resultados de una investigación cualitativa.  Se analiza cómo el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) despierta, en estudiantes del grado noveno de básica secundaria, una motivación mayor que la que muestran estudiantes en cuyo proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje estas no se incluyen.  La información se recogió en cuatro instituciones educativas urbanas de Colombia tales como Bogotá, Medellín, Floridablanca y Cali, mediante dos cuestionarios de preguntas sencillas y de fácil comprensión aplicados a veinte estudiantes y ocho docentes.  En el análisis de resultados se aplicó la Triangulación para darle al proceso mayor precisión y profundidad (Vallejo y Finol 2009).  Se determinaron tres categorías: Competencias digitales, las TIC en el ambiente educativo, y uso pedagógico de las TIC.  Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas dinamizan el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, propician ambientes pedagógicos más acogedores y motivadores, y permiten al docente presentar los contenidos de una manera más dinámica e interactiva que la empleada en la instrucción tradicional.  Se concluye que: los docentes reconocen la importancia de la inclusión de las TIC en la educación, y necesitan mayor capacitación en el uso de estas herramientas; los estudiantes conocen y utilizan un mayor número de herramientas tecnológicas, y disfrutan incorporándolas en sus procesos de aprendizaje y en la realización de actividades escolares; y tanto profesores como estudiantes señalan la deficiente dotación de herramientas tecnológicas en las aulas.
Fortalecimiento de la descentralización de municipios y regiones, como necesaria implementación ante Post-Conflicto en Colombia
Authors: Jacome-Vergel Diego Fernando , Gaona-Diaz Nelson Fernando
Published: December 2021

La presente propuesta de investigación comienza a partir de un análisis histórico-jurídico, donde se mira la base del Estado Colombiano desde nuestro constitucionalismo; estudiando de esta manera las constituciones del siglo XIX y XX, es decir los grandes cambios que se dieron entre 1815 a 1863. De esta forma se analizaran las  reclamaciones que se hacían desde las provincias que conformaban nuestro estado Federal  hacia la provincia de Cundinamarca.  Una vez realizado en anterior analisis, se procederá al estudio de la Constitución Política de 1886, donde se tendrán que ver las bases históricas de las luchas que nuestra nación ha librado para establecer una forma de “ESTADO IDEAL”que  buscaba como fin primordial  “UNIR” de una forma eficaz y eficiente las Provincias colombianascon la parte central de nuestro Estado.
Estrategias pedagógicas en el desarrollo de los cursos de nivelación en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña
Authors: Cabellos-Martínez Malka Irina
Published: December 2021

Partiendo de la necesidad  de  generar  estrategias  pedagógicas que coadyuven al mejoramiento y fortalecimiento del rendimiento académico  de los estudiantes de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, se propuso ante el comité académico realizar cursos de nivelación a los estudiantes  admitidos para cursar carreras profesionales, con el  objetivo de  reforzar los conocimientos adquiridas por los estudiantes durante su formación básica, en especial  teniendo en cuenta que Bienestar Universitario  desarrolla  un conjunto de actividades, planes, programas y proyectos que se orientan al desarrollo físico, psicoafectivo, espiritual, social y cultural  y académico, de los Estudiantes, Docentes, personal Administrativo y en general la comunidad Universitaria;  y que de igual manera los Departamentos académicos  deben Contribuir significativamente a la formación integral  de los estudiantes a través del desarrollo de saberes, competencias y actitudes propias de un profesional universitario;  es importante realizar actividades que permitan  estimular a los estudiantes  a través de diferentes actividades académicas que coadyuven al mejoramiento de cada uno de los procesos académicos y de bienestar de los estudiantes, especialmente y en este caso de aquellos que ingresan por primera vez a la Institución, a través de unos cursos  de nivelación e introducción a la vida Universitaria en las diferentes carreras profesionales ofrecidas por la Institución, con el    fin de lograr en un periodo de tiempo, la nivelación de los mismos e introducirlos en temas relacionados con los contenidos curriculares del primer semestre de la carrera seleccionada  y a su futuro profesional. En especial, los relacionados con habilidades matemática, química, biología y comprensión lectora de tal manera que se pueda lograr un máximo rendimiento académico en su formación profesional.
Aprendizaje no supervisado para describir la influencia en el rendimiento académico del estudiante según su estilo de aprendizaje
Authors: Rosado-Gomez Alveiro Alonso , Duran-Chincilla Claudia Marcela
Published: December 2021

Cada individuo tiene distintas formas de percibir y de entender, de actuar, de adquirir conocimiento; por lo que se puede decir, que existen diferentes modelos cognitivos de aprendizaje y que por tanto, la manera de pensar y percibir es propia en cada persona, y que por supuesto,  la manera de aprender está relacionada con la forma de recopilar, organizar, pensar  y repensar la nueva información. De allí, que a través de un grupo interdisciplinar de docentes, se propuso averiguar de qué manera y cómo los estudiantes, especialmente los que cursan las asignaturas asociadas al área de matemáticas, aprenden. De tal manera, que para ello se acudió a los conceptos y teorías de Felder- Silverman y kolb, por lo que fue necesario aplicar como instrumento un test propuesto por los autores en mención; por otro lado se tomó como fuente los resultado de los parciales del (primero y segundo) del año 2015, aplicado el test, y tabulada la información se procedió a aplicar técnicas de minería de datos, siguiendo algunas de las etapas que propone el proceso de extracción del conocimiento. Con los resultados de esta investigación se pretende ofrecer un insumo adicional a la universidad para adelantar de forma eficaz, tareas y pautas de mejoramiento académico y de esa manera asegura la calidad académica.
Nivel de asociaciones de los productores piscícolas de la provincia de Ocaña
Authors: García-Quintero Carmen Liceth , Lobo-Jacome Ramón Jose
Published: December 2021

La provincia de Ocaña, ha desarrollado en los últimos años, una piscicultura extensiva y de fomento para mejorar la alimentación de las comunidades, aunque el nivel de tecnificación ha incrementado la producción, los altos costos, la ausencia de las cadenas de frio no permiten la comercialización en otras regiones y mejorar los precios de venta,  se necesita crear canales de procesamiento y comercialización;  la formación técnica, la organización  y la educación deben iniciarse  de forma inmediata, para garantizar el éxito de la cadena productiva. El trabajo permitió conocer el nivel de asociatividad de las comunidades rurales involucradas en la producción piscícola en la provincia de Ocaña, los cuales comprenden 13400 registros, Centro de Gestión Agroempresarial (2013). Se aplicaron 344 encuestas  a productores agropecuarios de la zona de la provincia de Ocaña, la cual comprende 11 municipios. Se diseñó el instrumento según la operacionalización de las variables relacionadas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS 9. Los municipios con mayor participación en agremiaciones y mayor número de productores piscícolas son: El Tarra con el 18.7%, San Calixto con el 18.3%, Teorema con 14.6%; Convención con el 13.1%.  Las Juntas de acción comunal son las agremiaciones con mayor representatividad
Aplicación de las TIC en el análisis y percepción del nivel de vulnerabilidad de edificaciones residenciales de la ciudad de Cúcuta
Authors: Rodríguez-Lizcano Adriana , Centeno-Lara Roberto de la Cruz
Published: December 2021

Este artículo expone la sistematización de variables derivadas de un método científicamente reconocido para evaluar la vulnerabilidad sísmica (el de Benedetti-Petrini) en vivienda unifamiliar de un piso con Software de Información Geográfico (SIG) con lo que se generó la información en formatos gráficos y cartográficos que posibilita a cualquier usuario conocer el nivel de vulnerabilidad  cualitativa de su vivienda, de la calle o del sector donde habita o pretende adquirir finca raíz, y proporciona insumos que permiten construir mapas de riesgo por efectos sísmicos que puedan actualizar o ajustar el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT). Los resultados de la investigación contribuirán a resolver los problemas constructivos propios de edificaciones de la zona y se convertirán en un pilar fundamental en la elaboración del Manual de Construcción Sismo Resistente de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Además, esto es un estudio que ayudará a las investigaciones que se adelanten sobre la configuración en planta y altura para reducir la vulnerabilidad sísmica de las edificaciones en base al análisis realizado.
Pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin: nueva visión del conocimiento
Authors: Peñaranda-Franco Juan Pablo
Published: December 2021

El pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin es un referente que se instaura como un intento de mediación para la comprensión de los procesos intelectivos que exige la sociedad de conocimiento del siglo XXI. En el seno del mismo la integración del mayor número de facetas es importante si el sujeto del conocimiento desea abordar a un objeto específico. Sabiendo que en el fondo el proceso de conocimiento es mediado por todas las dimensiones constitutivas del hombre, se debe comprender que el mismo intento de conocer lleva en el seno incertidumbres, aleatoreidades, azares, errores junto a las certezas, determinismos y simplicidades propias incluso de la dimensión biológica de la que surge el pensamiento.
Articulación del proceso comunicativo interno en el direccionamiento estratégico de empresas: caso terminal de transportes de Ocaña, Norte de Santander
Authors: Durán-Chinchilla Claudia Marcela , Sánchez-Navarro Eduardo
Published: December 2021

La investigación desarrollada tuvo como propósito la realización de auditorías internas de comunicación para establecer líneas de acción que dieran lugar al mejoramiento de los procesos de comunicación interna, en este caso la Terminal de Transportes de Ocaña, Norte de Santander. Para ello se utilizó la aplicación de entrevistas abiertas a distintos actores que conforman la planta de trabajadores de dicha empresa, dando como resultado hallazgos importantes en cuanto a la cultura y la identidad corporativa,  para con ello proponer una estrategia conformada por distintas actividades que lleven a la consecución de los objetivos misionales de la empresa.
Diagnóstico situacional del hato lechero UFPSO con respecto a los lineamientos de producción más limpia
Authors: Herrera-Galviz Juan David , Hernandez-Criado Juan Carlos , Granadillo-Cuello Jose Arnoldo
Published: December 2021

El objetivo principal del trabajo es la realización de un diagnóstico situacional ambiental del proyecto Hato Lechero de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, a partir del empleo de algunas metodologías para la recolección de datos, con el fin de analizar la información recopilada, y poder formular algunas acciones para la implementación de producción más limpia. Básicamente se empleó una entrevista como primer instrumento, complementándose con una lista de chequeo, para proceder a realizar una matriz de identificación y valoración de impactos ambientales, y posteriormente el flujo de procesos del proyecto. Lo anterior permitió realizar un análisis DOFA, y proponer posibles soluciones a las problemáticas halladas. Como resultado, se pudo determinar que el proyecto presenta varias falencias en cuanto a la gestión ambiental dentro de sus actividades, y principalmente resalta la falta de registro y control de sus materias primas y de sus residuos, por lo que no se realiza una gestión adecuada de los mismos, lo que repercute en la degradación del suelo por residuos sólidos y líquidos y la degradación de la calidad del aire por emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. Se concluye que el proyecto tiene varias falencias, pero también tiene unas fortalezas importantes que debe aprovechar para adentrarse en la producción más limpia, mejorando su gestión ambiental.
Caracterización reproductiva de la especie Prochilodus Reticulatus como potencial productivo para la zona del Catatumbo-Norte de Santander
Authors: García-Quintero Carmen Liceth
Published: December 2021

La evaluación reproductiva y la caracterización biológica y morfométrica de la especie Prochilodus reticulatus, endémica del rio Catatumbo como prioridad en los programas de investigación y extensión de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, permitió establecer programas de repoblamiento, extensión y asistencia técnica para los piscicultores en la zona del Catatumbo.
El deterioro cognitivo como una complicación de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Authors: Matar-Khalil Shadye Rocío , Rubio-Sandoval Fabio Camilo
Published: December 2021

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad compleja que impacta la salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia, el costo que implica y complicaciones asociadas como lo es la alteración cognitiva. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tema consultando literatura nacional e internacional en bases de datos de ciencias sociales y ciencias de la salud entre los años 1990-2019 que exponen la posible asociación entre la diabetes mellitus y deterioro cognitivo, así como las posibles rutas que lo conllevan. Resultados: La literatura consultada plantea una relación entre la diabetes mellitus y complicaciones del sistema nervioso central, lesiones neurológicas, deficiencias en la capacidad de atención, pérdida de la memoria, deterioro cognitivo, un considerable incremento en el riesgo de desarrollar demencia y demencia tipo Alzheimer, sin embargo, no se evidencia un consenso en el grado de afectación que pueda tener sobre los procesos cognitivos. Conclusiones: La naturaleza progresiva tanto de la diabetes mellitus, así como el riesgo vascular asociado, sugieren la necesidad de realizar prevención del deterioro cognitivo en pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus, a partir de una evaluación integral que incluya pruebas neuropsicológicas dentro de los exámenes de rutina.
Uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en el screening de la depresión asociada al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Villalobos-Bolivar Edith , Agreda-López Luis-Gilberto , Varón-Quimbayo Ángel-Alberto
Published: December 2021

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) se consideran como una enfermedad crónica debido a que el inicio, curso, dirección, y resultado es impredecible en algunos casos y adicionalmente son trastornos multicausales como es el caso de la depresión; según datos reportados por el Centro de Adicciones de Barcelona “la incidencia de depresión en pacientes con abuso de sustancias oscila entre el 6% y 70% en los consumidores de SPA”. Con este panorama se debe comprender que la intervención debe desarrollar la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, con la aparición de la biotecnología con el uso y aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en las ciencias de salud y la vida para el diagnóstico, prevención, supervisión, tratamiento. Objetivo: Desarrollar un software que permita generar una alerta para la identificación temprana de la depresión asociada al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adultos, mediante el uso de una TICs previamente validada, durante el año 2019. Metodología: Investigación Tecnológica, utilizando la metodología “UWE” con enfoque al desarrollo de software para el dominio web. Resultados: En esta propuesta de investigación se avanzará en el desarrollo del prototipo del producto para la identificación temprana de la depresión con el fin de mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas, en el momento mismo de la atención, con base en la información registrada en el software llamado MEASDEP (Medición de la depresión en consumidores de SPA)
Evaluación de la calidad del agua de la vereda Río Suárez de Puente Nacional, Santander
Authors: Corrales Ramírez Lucía Constanza , Santamaria Mosquera Yurley Natalia , Luccioli Peña Dario Alberto , Castañeda Casas Miguel Angel
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del agua que abastece a la  población de la Vereda Rio Suarez  del municipio de Puente Nacional por medio del cálculo del índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua (IRCA). Métodos: se tomaron 10 muestras de diferentes puntos de la red de distribución del agua veredal,   se realizó  análisis físico-químico y microbiológico por técnica de filtración por membrana bajo parámetros del Instituto Nacional de Salud.  Resultados: el análisis físico-químico mostró  cuantificación de hierro elevado y nivel de turbiedad inadecuado lo que puede afectar el sabor y el aspecto del agua. El recuento de coliformes totales fue >300 UFC/100ml., con identificación de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterococcus entre otras, habitantes de suelo y aguas que pueden ser causantes de infecciones gastrointestinales e infecciones urinarias, resultados que indican que el agua no es apta para consumo humano.
Producción de astaxantina bajo factores de estrés utilizando un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio de 5 L
Authors: Lancheros-Díaz Ana Graciela , Camacho-Kurmen Judith Elena , Díaz Barrera Luis Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Introducción. Haematococcus pluvialis es una microalga que produce astaxantina, un betacaroteno y antioxidante muy usado en la industria. Para obtener una mayor producción de astaxantina se planteó como Objetivo utilizar diferentes factores de estrés, en un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio de 5 litros. Metodología. Se cultivó la microalga en el medio RM, pH 6,8, temperatura 20±2ºC, aire filtrado, iluminación con lámparas blancas  20h luz/4h oscuridad, irradianza 70 μE m−2s−1, diferentes concentraciones de acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio. Se determinó crecimiento celular, cambios morfológicos y cuantificación de astaxantina y clorofila por  espectrofotometría. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA (95%).

Resultados. Utilizando 0,299 mg/L de acetato de sodio se obtuvo un crecimiento celular de 2,0 x 104 Cel/mL y una concentración de astaxantina de 2,530 µg/mL, mientras que con 1,6 mg/L de acetato de sodio  el crecimiento celular  fue de 3,5 x 104 Cel/mL  y una concentración de astaxantina de 1,9 µg/ml. El tratamiento al cual se le adicionó 1,6 g/L de acetato de sodio y 6,4 g/L de cloruro de sodio presentó la mayor producción astaxantina 7,3 µg/ml. El tratamiento con acetato de sodio 0,320 g/L + cloruro de sodio 1,28 g/L presentó el mayor crecimiento celular con 1,64x105 células/ml. Conclusión. Esta investigación destaca la importancia de cultivar inicialmente la microalga utilizando el biorreactor Tecferm de 5 litros y después de su fase exponencial someterla a  factores de estrés con acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio lográndose así  la mayor producción de astaxantina 7,325 µg/ml.
Aortic root aneurysm with right atrial clot: a rare combination
Authors: Saha Debmalya , Mukherjee Kaushik , Guha Amrita
Published: December 2021

Though the incidence of aneurysms involving the aortic root and/or
ascending aorta is common, the combination of aortic root aneurysm and
the right atrial clot is extremely rare. No such case is reported in
literature till date. This case report presents a 52-year gentleman who
came to our emergency department with complaints of breathlessness,
abdominal distention, pedal swelling, and decreased urine output with
extremely poor general condition. After hemodynamic stabilization and
preoperative optimization and workup, he was managed with Bentall
procedure with right atrial clot removal. The immediate postoperative
course was normal except for deranged liver function tests. The patient
was discharged on postoperative day ten.
Multidimensional Evolution of Rural Development Policy in the People’s Republic of China
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Kimura Shingo , Yu Wusheng ,   University of Copenhagen, Han Mingxi ,   University of Copenhagen
Published: December 2021

This report provides an overview of the evolution and profile of rural areas in the People’s Republic of China, in comparison with the trends in benchmark countries.
Measles and rubella in the North-West of Russia in period of elimination
Authors: Bichurina M. A. , Zheleznova N. V. , Sharova A. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim: To evaluate the epidemic situation on measles and rubella and to carry out the laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the North-West of Russia in the period of elimination.

Materials and Methods. In 2016-2019 a total of 534 blood serum samples from patients with measles diagnosis, 210 – from patients with rubella diagnosis and 1251 – from patients with exanthema were studied by ELISA using “VectoMeasles-IgM” and “EIA-Rubella-IgM” test-systems.

Results. Measles incidence in NWR varied from 0 to 0.96 per 100,000 in 2016 and 2019, respectively. Among measles patients the proportion of children and adults changed in 2018-2019, adults constituted 65.9%. Patients not vaccinated against measles and those with the unknown vaccination status were mainly involved in epidemic process (85%). High level of patients with revaccination status was revealed in 2018 (18.4%). These patients demonstrated high levels of IgG (>3.0 IU/ml) as well as high percentage of IgG avidity (>94.3%) on 4-7th day of rash onset thus evidencing secondary immune response. Molecular studies of the samples from patients revealed the circulation of D8 and B3 genotypes of measles virus. Strains of D8 and B3 genotypes were represented by 3 and 4 variants, respectively. Rubella incidence did not exceed 0.13 per 100,000. Strains of rubella virus of genotype 1E were detected.

Conclusion. The data of annual measles incidence and molecular studies of circulating wild type measles viruses prove the on-going measles elimination process in the NorthWest of Russia. For rubella, the persistent phase of elimination was demonstrated in the region.
New onset of generalized myasthenia gravis developed after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Alekseeva T. M. , Isabekova P. Sh. , Topuzova M. P. , Skripchenko N. V.
Published: December 2021

Development of various immune-mediated neurological complications after a viral infection is of particular interest to medical society during a pandemic of COVID-19. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to cause hyperstimulation of the immune system, thereby initiating developing of autoimmune diseases. The article describes a clinical case of new onset of generalized myasthenia gravis with thymoma in a patient after previous COVID-19.
The experience of the Moscow City Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment of using glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection
Authors: Mazus A. I. , Vlatshkaya Yu. F. , Nabiullina D. R.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the experience of the Moscow Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment on antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients with HIV/ HCV coinfection in real-world evidence (RWE).

Methods. The data from the outpatient cards of 12 adults and 53 children with HIV/HCV in the Moscow Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment were analyzed for the period from 2020 to October 2021. In addition to standard laboratory tests, the viral load of HIV RNA, HCV RNA was examined in all patients, the HCV genotype was determined, the degree of liver fibrosis was assessed by liver fibroelastometry.

Results: Among adult patients 10 (83,4%) were infected with HCV Gt 3, while 2 patients (16,6%) had Gt 1a/3. 5 (41,7%) patients were treatment-naïve and 7 (58,3%) had previously received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir. All 12 adult patients received glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8-16 weeks, depending on the treatment experience. 3 (25%) patients with HCV Gt 3 previously treated with DAAs received triple combination of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks. As a result, 100% (12/12) of patients treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir achieved SVR12, no adverse events or cases of intolerance were identified.

In the general group of adolescents with HCV/HIV coinfection (n = 53), the distribution by HCV genotypes was as follows: Gt 1 – 26 (49%), Gt 3 – 27 (51%). 15 (28,3%) adolescents received interferon-2a (SVR – 40% (6/15)), 9 adolescents received Peg-interferon-2a (SVR – 33% (3/9)) and 16 adolescents received glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. The mean duration of HIV/HCV coinfection in 16 adolescents receiving glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was 12,5 (1-17) years. Of these, 11 (68,3%) were infected with HCV Gt 1 and 5 (31,7%) with HCV Gt 3. 11 patients (68,3%) had prior treatment history with interferon and peginterferon regimens. The distribution of fibrosis stages was as follows: F0 – 56,3% (9/16), F1 – 31,3% (5/16), F2 – 12,4% (2/16). All 16 adolescents received 8 weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. 100% of patients were aviremic after 4 weeks from the start of therapy. All patients achieved SVR12. No adverse events and/or intolerance of glecaprevir/ pibrentasvir were identified.

Conclusion. This observation demonstrates the high efficacy and safety of treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs in both adults and children with HIV/HCV coinfection. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients of reproductive age with HIV/HCV coinfection before pregnancy will help to completely eliminate the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HCV. Timely, effective, and modern antiviral therapy of already infected adolescents with HCV will make it possible to take a step towards eliminating hepatitis C through microelimination in the described socially significant groups of patients
Respiratory viral infections in the lower respiratory tract failure (Literature review)
Authors: Babachenko I. V. , Kozyrev E. A. , Sharipova E. V. , Orlova E. D. , Tian N. S.
Published: December 2021

The sharp increase in viral pneumonia against the background of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 requires more attention to the study of the role of viruses in damage to the lower respiratory tract, including their etiological significance in the development of community-acquired pneumonia. Modern possibilities of laboratory diagnostics make it possible not only to identify and study respiratory viruses, but also to help differentiate active viral infections as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease from virus carriers. The review describes the epidemiological and clinical features of the most relevant or less studied pneumotropic viral infections in children (respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus), including their role in the etiology of pneumonia in children. Understanding the viral etiology of pneumonia in children will reduce the antibacterial load, which will help to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and slow the emergence of antimicrobialresistant bacterial strains.
Modern understanding about the role of group A β -hemolytic streptococcus in acute tonsillitis
Authors: Mirzoev N. T. , Sidorchuk S. N. , Bulan’kov Yu. I. , Kas’janenko K. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective: assess the modern value of group А β-hemolytic streptococcus in patients with acute tonsillitis and the effectiveness of the rapid streptococcal antigen detection method.

Materials and methods: microbial landscape assessment of acute tonsillitis was based on retrospective analysis of 902 bacterial culture results of a throat swab of patients with syndromes of acute tonsillitis treated in the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov during the period of 2019-2020. The effectiveness of the rapid streptococcal antigen detection method in the oropharynx was determined by a prospective study involving 35 patients with acute tonsillitis.

Results: in the study, we have found that bacterial culture results of a throat swab, the following were more common: Nesseria species (39 %), Streptococcus viridans (23 %), and Staphylococcus aureus (17 %). The frequency of detection of β-hemolytic streptococcus was 1 %. The rapid diagnostic system «Streptatest» in patients with acute tonsillitis has demonstrated efficiency, under which that sensitivity of test was 80 %, specificity – 90 %, positive predictive value – 57,14 %, negative predictive value – 96,43 %.

Conclusions: the frequency of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus in patients with lesion of lymphoid tissues of the oropharynx has declined significantly nowadays. The rapid diagnostic system «Streptatest» is a highly effective medical product that can be used in both hospital and pre-hospital stage.
Non-Aligned Movement and nuclear disarmament in the XXI century
Authors: Kostic Marina
Published: December 2021

The subject of this paper is to investigate the policy and role of the Non-
Aligned Movement (NAM) on nuclear disarmament in the 21st century. Nuclear
disarmament continues to be the highest priority of the NAM, which is why it
deserves a special place in the analysis of the activities of the NAM in
modern international relations. However, this policy and role have been
shaped in the new century as well by the adoption and expression of
principled views on the necessity of nuclear disarmament, with very few
results achieved, sometimes even among its own membership. Through the
analysis of the content and comparison of NAM documents adopted at the NAM
summits or within multilateral forums dealing with disarmament and
international security issues, as well as secondary sources dealing with
this topic, the author concludes that the role of non-aligned in nuclear
disarmament is primarily to keep this issue high on the international agenda
and as a kind of counterbalance to the demands of the nuclear powers for the
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. However, this role is weakened for at
least six reasons: the importance that individual NAM member states attach
to nuclear weapons; their refusal to accede to or fully implement universal
and regional instruments of nuclear disarmament; the (mis) use of the NAM as
a means of pursuing individual member states' interests for the promotion of
issues that lack significant support from other member states of the
Movement; the absence of any NAM measure to condemn or sanction such
behaviour within the Movement, while they are constantly repeated towards
other countries such as Israel and the United States; inconsistent "call
out" of individual NWS for disrespect of the principles and measures for
disarmament and lack of the adequate mechanisms; and the intention of the
NAM to participate more actively in resolving existing crises regarding
disarmament and nonproliferation.
The Non-Aligned Movement in the 21st century - structure, topics and role
Authors: Novakovic Marko
Published: December 2021

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is in search of a new identity after the
dissolution of the bipolar world and the completion of the decolonization
process. In that sense, the NAM is often perceived as a balance between
great powers, particularly the US and China. Therefore, the author will
investigate this possibility. However, the focus of this article will be on
the analysis of the administrative structure of the NAM and the possibility
of transforming it into a more coherent organization. Furthermore, the
analysis of the most prominent topics in the area of international law and
reform of the United Nations, mainly contained within the final documents of
the NAM summits, will also be conducted.
Safety and efficacy of surgical transobturator tape in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women - three years of follow-up
Authors: Pantelic Milos , Stojic Marko , Curcic Aleksandar , Dukic Miso , Kadic Uros , Maletin Milos
Published: December 2021

Introduction/Objective. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as the complaint of involuntary loss of urine in effort or physical exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. It is a common clinical condition affecting 50% of middle-aged and elderly women. Mid-urethral slings (MUSs) are the gold standard in the treatment of SUI. The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate and complications of surgical treatment of SUI in women with transobturator tape (TOT) within the three years of follow-up. Methods. From January 2011 until January 2018, 86 women with predominantly SUI were operated by TOT procedure. In 61.6% of patients SUI was confirmed by preoperative urodynamic examination (cystometry, uroflowmetry, urethral presser profile) and in 38.4% of patients by clinical examination of stress test (cough provocation). All patients were invited for a follow-up examination six, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery. The result of the operation is defined as cured, improved or without success. Results. The average age was 55 (32?72) years. The most common complications were tape erosion (3.5%), incision bleeding (2.3%), transient leg pain (3.5%), dyspareunia (2.3%), vaginal erosion (3.5%) and de novo urge (5.8%). After three years of follow-up, 82.6% patients were cured. Conclusion. TOT is a safe, effective and successful procedure with 82.6% of cured patients during a three-year follow-up.
Watch and wait strategies for rectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Park In Ja
Published: December 2021

Watch and wait (WW) strategies have been suggested for patients with clinical complete regression (cCR). The WW approach was first introduced by Habr–Gama in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant treatment. Actually, it is not “no surgery” but “deferral of surgery;” therefore, the WW approach or non-operative management is a representative term currently. The number of publications regarding WW for rectal cancer has increased abruptly. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed for literature published on WW. It is now one of the most interesting issues in rectal cancer treatment. Many studies have reported comparable overall survival with WW and radical resection. However, a high local regrowth rate is a problem, and proper salvage management is the main concern in the WW approach. Adequate patient selection is necessary to achieve favorable oncologic outcomes. However, the appropriate definition and diagnostic method for cCR have not yet been clearly defined. Indeed, advances in local control have not translated into overall survival improvement, and many efforts have been made to improve distant metastasis control and overall survival and improve clinical response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In this review, oncologic outcomes, ongoing efforts to improve oncologic outcomes, and limitations for clinical practice were evaluated and described.
Implementation of Transcendental-Based Juvenile Criminal Sanctions
Authors: Jumiati Agatha
Published: December 2021

The development of law in Indonesia is carried out based on the noble values contained in the precepts of Pancasila. These noble values are actually an inseparable part of transcendental values. Transcendental thought is an alternative to answer the failure of the positivistic view in solving legal problems in society. Regarding the implementation of juvenile criminal sanctions which commit criminal acts as regulated by Law number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, it turns out that in its regulation it has implemented transcendental values by placing child as noble creatures created by God who must always be guided and protected even though they have been or have committed a mistake or crime. Regulations on diversion, restorative justice, strengthening the role of the correctional center and the types of crimes that are humane are evidence that the implementation of juvenile criminal sanctions in Indonesia has contained transcendental values. Keywords: Implementation of Sanctions, Transcendental, Juvenile Crime
relações entre ciência e religião no contexto brasileiro da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Lopes Paulo Henrique
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa de campo teve como objetivo mergulhar na polêmica entre Ciência e Religião, no contexto brasileiro da pandemia de COVID-19, para além do posicionamento de autoridades científicas e lideranças religiosas. Ouvidas 570 pessoas, os resultados indicam uma dissintonia entre os pronunciamentos de algumas lideranças religiosas contrárias à quarentena e a opinião dos seus próprios fiéis que, neste assunto, seguem a ciência. Esta conclusão desconstrói um preconceito ideológico dos participantes não-religiosos para com os religiosos, tidos como menos esclarecidos cientificamente por aqueles. A análise qualitativa das relações que a ciência e religião assumem para a população brasileira no início da pandemia de COVID-19, valeu-se, principalmente, da tipologia quádrupla de Barbour: Conflito, Independência, Integração e Diálogo
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Center for the Reception and Processing of Special Information and Control of the Navigation Field, Pakshyn Maksym , Liaska Ivan ,   Center for the Reception and Processing of Special Information and Control of the Navigation Field, Kablak Natalia ,   Uzhhorod National University, Yaremko Halyna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

The most dangerous exogenous geological processes (EGP) in terms of the amount of damage caused to economic objects include: landslides, karst, flooding, abrasion, mudslides, etc. The distribution and intensity of EGP are determined by the peculiarities of geological and geomorphological structure of the territory, its tectonic, neotectonic and seismic regime, as well as hydrological, climatic, hydrogeological paleo- and modern conditions. Solotvynsky salt mine is one of the oldest enterprises in Transcarpathia. The field has been exploited since the Roman Empire. In 1360, a settlement of salt miners, Solotvyno, was founded on the site of the mine, which later became a center of salt production and a royal monopoly. There are a total of nine mines in the field. In 1995-1996 and 2001, floods began flooding mines. In 2005, landslides and karst abysses intensified in Solotvyno, leading to damage to residential buildings, roads and infrastructure. There was a complete flooding of the mines of two mines. Currently, dangerous natural and man-made processes are observed on the territory of the salt mine and adjacent territories. This is mainly salt karst, both underground and surface, the collapse of areas in the location of mines, as well as landslides. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to conduct a geodynamic audit of SOLOTVYNSKY SALT MINE SE and the surrounding area with the possibility of identifying areas with subsidence or rise of the earth's surface, which are gradually slowing down, accelerating or developing at a constant rate. Output data. Radar interferometry data in the period from April 30, 2016 to June 25, 2018 were used for research and performance of geodynamic audit of SOLOTVYNSKY SALT MINE SE and the adjacent territory. Modern methods of interferometric processing of satellite radar data are used in the work: the method of "PS" – the method of constant scatterers, and the method SBAS – the method of small baselines. The method of geometric leveling was used to measure vertical displacements in some places on the earth's surface in order to verify interferometric data. Monitoring of the area of interest was carried out using modern technologies of satellite radar interferometry. According to the results of observations of landslides and individual objects by space (radar interferometry) and ground (geometric leveling) methods, a high correlation of data was recorded and the presence of zones of active subsidence in the mining area was confirmed.
Mechanics of Work-related Back Pain: An Analytical Review
Authors: Alsufyani Omar S. , AlSufyani Renad S. , Altowairqi Abdulrahman E , AlTowairqi Tethkar M. , Altowairqi Mohammed H.
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of Low back pain (LBP) is exceedingly high, upwards of 80% in the general population. LBP is manifested as pain in the thoraco-lumbar area and often related to a muscle pull. This paper is a narrative review of the mechanics of work-related low back pain. In this paper, the researchers provide a different insight of the occupational low back pain as they introduce a theoretical background of the occupational low back pain and management of low back pain at workplace. In addition, the study highlight the research focus within the field of mechanical loading and biomechanical assessment methods of low back pain. The study found that low back pain is a reversible process in case causes are identified. However, it is a challenging issue to identify the causes unless well-designed models and assessment methods are applied for each case separately.
PRESERVING IDENTITY OF HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN SIBERIA: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Institute of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University, Belova Daria
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Currently, the projects related to the development of identical historical environments in Siberia, Russia, are predominately inconsistent. Yet there is an opportunity to find a more holistic approach to sustaining local heritage, which could address local cultures and identities through an understanding of how the location, as well as specific spatial and architectural practices, evolve. Purpose of the study: The study aimed to establish a theoretical and methodological framework for sustaining the local identity in architectural terms. Methods: According to the methodological recommendations of Groat and Wang, such methods as critical literature review and logical argumentation were used. Results: The research came to the conclusion that the city identity can be unfolded through two or more congruent layers of existence. This study deals with architectural heritage and society as two types of such layers. It suggests that the local identities of historical environments could be sustained by a combination of the following methods: 1) looking to the past, through analyzing the city’s fabric and searching for “social traces” and semiotic meanings; 2) looking to the future, through using participatory design methods. This methodology should be further tested on specific historical environments in Siberia. The critical literature review will provide researchers and practitioners in the field with a fundamental theoretical framework.
Geneti c Traits of Brachiocephalic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Nurimanshin A. F. , Bogdanov R. R. , Mironov P. I. , Khusaenova A. A.
Published: December 2021

Background. According to the World Health Organization, the atherosclerosis development depends on the quality of life and lifestyle (60 %), genetic (20 %), environmental factors (10 %) and quality of medical aid (5 %). The routes to defeat atherosclerosis generally and certain systemic enzyme disorders in particular pertain in research into the population genetic predispositions to this pathology.

Materials and methods.A comparative study of genetic predispositions to malignant brachiocephalic atherosclerosis analysed the renin—angiotensin system gene association in 60 patients. Th e renin—angiotensin system allelic and polymorphic loci haplotype frequencies have been determined.

Results and discussion. Patients with atherosclerotic brachiocephalic vascular lesions revealed a statistically significant frequency of the AGT gene’s allele C involved in coronary heart disease development.

Conclusion. Th e study suggests a putative involvement of the angiotensinogen system genes in mediating the development of brachiocephalic atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
Intratumoural Effector Cell Subpopulations in Breast Cancer: a Literature Review and Own Data Report
Authors: Ryabchikov D. A. , Chulkova S. V. , Shamilov F. A. , Chanturiya N. V. , Zheltikov S. D. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is most prevalent female malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in BC diagnosis and progress in drug therapy, a series of challenges associated with emergent tumour resistance causing the disease escalation still remain. Immune evasion is among the driving forces of tumour resistance against modern treatments, which promotes world-active research into the mechanisms of tumour—immune interaction.

Tumour microenvironment is known to contribute greatly to the nature of this interaction. Immune cells are constitutive of tumour microenvironment as tumour-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumour-infi ltrating lymphocytes. Tumour-infi ltrating lymphocytes are represented by B-, T- and NK-cells, which localisation and subpopulation structure in tumour may possess a prognostic and clinical significance. Th e infi ltration density by certain effector cell types prior to chemotherapy is an important predictor of patient survival. Putting otherwise, the presence of effector lymphocyte subpopulations in tumour defi nes the strength of antitumour immunity and may establish the success of drug treatment.

This study analysed the infiltration levels of CD3, CD4, CD20 and CD38 lymphocytes in several molecular BC subtypes. Tumour immunophenotyping was performed in cryosectioning and immunofl uorescence assays with a ZEISS AXIOSKOP microscope, Germany. We analysed 96 luminal BC (37 subtype A (38.5 %), 52 B-Her2-negative subtype (54.2 %), 7 B-Her2-positive subtype (7.3 %)) and non-luminal BC samples (3 HER2+ subtype (14.3 %), 18 triple-negative subtype (85.7 %)). The infiltration and antigen expression patterns have been assessed. Analyses of tumour-infi ltrating subpopulations revealed lower infiltration in luminal BC vs. other subtypes, albeit at no significance.
Alloplastic and Implant Materials for Bone Grafting: a Literature Review
Authors: Mukhametov U. F. , Lyulin S. V. , Borzunov D. Y. , Gareev I. F. , Beylerli O. A. , Yang G.
Published: December 2021

Bone reconstruction aft er trauma, infection, tumour or congenital genetic disorder is an important subject of modern medicine usually relying on bone graft ing materials. Autologous bone or autograft is still considered the “gold standard” most eff ective in bone defect reconstruction and osseous regeneration. Having the advantages of autograft ing, a series of issues remain related to a limited donor material, painful graft taking and the risk of putative complications (nonunions, graft rejection, infection, iatrogenic fractures, post-microsurgery arteriovenous shunt thrombosis, etc.). Th erefore, improved biomaterials are demanded to adequately meet the autograft criteria. Choosing optimal graft materials becomes relevant, aside to the rationale of selecting new surgical techniques. Th e osteoconductive and osteoinductive property evaluation in modern osteoplastic materials comprises a research avenue into optimal graft development for osseous correction in maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopaedics. Such biomaterials can be combined with alloplastic graft s to attain the required properties of osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Th is analytic literature review focuses on current state-of-the-art in alloplastic graft ing that, in our opinion, grounds the progress of auto- and allograft innovative development.