bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clustering US States by Time Series of COVID-19 New Case Counts in the Early Months with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Zhang Panpan
Published: February 2022

The spreading pattern of COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic differs a lot across the states in the US under different quarantine measures and reopening policies. We proposed to cluster the US states into distinct communities based on the daily new confirmed case counts from March 22 to July 25 via a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) followed by a k-means clustering procedure on the coefficients of the NMF basis. A cross-validation method was employed to select the rank of the NMF. The method clustered the 49 continental states (including the District of Columbia) into 7 groups, two of which contained a single state. To investigate the dynamics of the clustering results over time, the same method was successively applied to the time periods with an increment of one week, starting from the period of March 22 to March 28. The results suggested a change point in the clustering in the week starting on May 30, caused by a combined impact of both quarantine measures and reopening policies.
Vilde problemer, tam velfærd?
Authors: Bladt Mette , Tofteng Ditte , Bertelsen Lise , Christensen Rasmus , Madsen Lisbeth
Published: February 2022

ResuméDenne artikel udspringer af aktionsforskningsprojektet Vild Velfærd. I projektet retter vi blikket mod velfærdsstatens organisatoriske løsninger i forhold til marginaliserede unge, som er bosiddende i udsatte by- og boligområder og er ramt af det, vi i projektet kalder wicked problems. Formålet er at undersøge og afdække muligheder og barrierer i eksisterende velfærdsløsninger med henblik på at udvikle nye, alternative velfærdsløsninger. Vild Velfærd finder sted i et tæt samarbejde med de stærkt marginaliserede unge selv, samt velfærdsprofessionelle fra kommunale institutioner og civilsamfundsindsatser i Københavnsområdet.

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the organizational solutions within the welfare state in relation to marginalized young people who live in social disadvantaged urban and residential areas and are affected by what we in the project call wicked problems. The purpose is to investigate and uncover opportunities and barriers in existing welfare solutions with a view to developing new, alternative welfare solutions. Wild Welfare takes place in close collaboration with the highly marginalized young people themselves, as well as welfare professionals from municipal institutions and civil society initiatives in the Copenhagen area.
Minoritetsdanske drenge som målgruppe i et kriminalitets­forebyggende velfærdsarbejde
Authors: Brønsted Lone Bæk
Published: February 2022

ResuméArtiklen tager sit empiriske udgangspunkt i SSP-samarbejdet, som har den samfundsmæssige opgave at forebygge kriminalitet hos børn og unge for derved at skabe sikkerhed og tryghed for et områdes befolkning. En del af arbejdet i SSP er at lokalisere, udpege og hjælpe kriminalitetstruede børn og unge. Ved at zoome ind på denne del af arbejdet viser artiklen, hvordan et ubehag i udpegningen og kategoriseringen af en gruppe af minoritetsdanske drenge bliver synlig i samtaler som en hvisken, der rummer affekt og ambivalens. Måden, der hviskes på, er også en indgang til at forstå noget generelt om et sikkerhedsskabende velfærdsarbejdes karakter. Nemlig, at velfærdsarbejde skabes og genskabes gennem forestillinger om den velfærdstrængende anden, og at det derfor er centralt at interessere sig for, hvordan den velfærdstrængende anden beskrives og forstås. Afslutningsvis rejser artiklen et spørgsmål om, hvordan velfærdsprofessionelle inden for et pædagogisk felt fremadrettet kan håndtere, at der hersker former for hvisken og tavshed, når den professionelle samtale former sig om unge med minoritetsbaggrund med en uønsket opførsel og adfærd.

AbstractWelfare professionals’ portrayals of boys with minority background as a target group in crime preventive welfare work.The article discusses welfare professionals’ portrayals of crime-prone boys with minority background and their need for crime prevention assistance. The article shows how a discomfort in the categorization of this group of boys becomes visible in conversations like a whisper that contains affect and ambivalence. Whispering is done through hesitant and cautious speech, which is characterized by pauses, lowered voice, and difficulty in finding the right words to describe with. Whispering says something important about the nature of welfare work when this work is about securitization and is aimed at specific target groups. Namely, that welfare work is created and recreated through notions of “the needy other”, and that it is therefore central to be interested in how “the needy other” is described and understood. Finally, the article raises a question about how welfare professionals in a pedagogical field can handle forms of whispering and restraint when a professional conversation takes place about boys with minority background with unwanted behavior.
Et kontinuum over børn og unges deltagelsesformer
Authors: Bruselius-Jensen Maria
Published: February 2022

ResumeDenne artikel sætter fokus på, hvordan den pædagogiske facilitering af deltagelsesprocesser er stærkt definerende for børn og unges mulighed for, og deres oplevelse af, at have indflydelse på forhold, som er betydningsfulde for dem. Artiklen præsenterer en dynamisk teori- og empiriinformeret forståelsesramme for børn og unges deltagelse: et deltagelseskontinuum. Forståelsesrammen er udformet på baggrund af et bredt empirisk arbejde med både børn og unge samt professionelle engageret i deltagelsesprojekter på mange forskellige arenaer. På den baggrund er det kapitlets hensigt at bidrage til at styrke og tydeliggøre valget af metoder og tilgange i det kontinuerlige pædagogiske arbejde med at rammesætte børn og unges deltagelsesmuligheder. Forståelsesrammen tydeliggør den store spændvidde af indsatser, som benyttes af professionelle i forskellige kontekster. Ved at fremhæve med hvilken tydelighed, eller utydelighed, deltagelsens forandringsskabende potentiale fremstår, anlægger modellen samtidig også et børn- og ungeperspektiv, som tydeliggør børn og unges egne oplevelser af, hvornår deltagelse i beslutnings- og forandringsprocesser opleves som meningsfulde for dem.

AbstractA continuum on young people’s forms of participation This article discusses how the pedagogical facilitation of children and young people’s participation is highly defining for their access to and perception of being able to affect conditions of importance for their everyday life. By introducing a new framework, the chapter aims to make the impact of professionally chosen methods and approaches more transparent in order to qualify pedagogical endeavors to facilitate young people’s participation. The article presents a dynamic, empirically, and theoretically informed framework to determine young people’s forms of participation: A continuum of participation. The framework is based on extensive fieldwork with both young people and professionals engaged in work to promote young people’s access to participation in a range of contexts and arenas. It makes the multitudinous forms of participation applied by professionals to facilitate young people’s participation stand more transparent. But most importantly, the continuum adopts a young people’s perspective by visually implying when young people themselves most distinctly experience to have a voice and access to make changes through their participation, but likewise, when their participation is blurred or becomes invisible.
Forudsætninger for ligeværdig deltagelse
Authors: Iversen Ann-Merete , Stubben Thomas Waring
Published: February 2022

ResuméTrods årtiers fokus på social ligestilling viser forskning at mennesker med handicap oplever begrænsninger i indflydelsen på eget liv. Artiklen beskriver et aktionsforskningsprojekt, hvor borgere og ansatte på et bo- og beskæftigelsestilbud for mennesker med intellektuel funktionsnedsættelse samarbejder med artiklens forfattere om at udvikle en praksis, hvor forudsætningerne for borgernes med- og selvbestemmelse styrkes. Artiklen har det normative udgangspunkt, at det er en menneskeret at bestemme i eget liv og trækker teoretisk inspiration fra den amerikanske filosof Martha Nussbaum. Læseren vil blive introduceret til multimodal samskabelse som forudsætningsskabende metode til at borgeren bliver ligeværdig aktør i de rum og kontekster, hvor beslutninger træffes og indsatser tilrettelægges.

AbstractPrerequisites for equal Participation – multimodality and co-creationFor decades social equity has been widely discussed and promoted. And yet research shows that people with mental and physical disabilities experience a lack of influence on their lives. This article describes an action research project involving citizens with intellectual disabilities and other stakeholders in a shared investigation of how the practice field can take steps towards encouraging participation. Theoretical inspiration is drawn from Martha Nussbaum and the capability approach. The article introduces multimodal co-creation as a method to enhancing equity in the decision making concerning and the planning of pedagogical approaches in the field.
Engagementets pædagogik
Authors: Ahm Jacob Noer
Published: February 2022

ResuméElevers engagement i undervisningen er afgørende for deres skolegang, fordi det er gennem et initiativrigt forhold til verden, at de lærer noget og bliver til ansvarlige mennesker. Samtidig er udviklingen af elevernes engagement i undervisningen en fælles kerneopgave for skolepædagoger og lærere i folkeskolen. En opgave der kan understøttes ved at integrere skabende arbejde med dukkeanimation i undervisningen. Men hvad kendetegner skabende arbejdsprocesser med dukkeanimation, der bidrager til at udvikle elevernes engagement i undervisningen, og hvorfor øger de engagementet? Artiklen analyserer disse spørgsmål ud fra handlingsfilosofiske perspektiver hos Dewey, Kemp og Sennett. Analysen bygger på empirien fra et interventionsstudie, hvor en klassepædagog, en dansklærer og deres 3. klasse havde temauge, hvor de skabte dukkeanimationsfilm. Gennem tre tematikker: det passive og det aktive, den foregribende gøren og engagerende materialer peger analysen på, at eleverne i det skabende æstetiske arbejde udviklede et eksistentielt engagement, hvor de ikke kun skabte filmen, men også sig selv og hinanden. Et engagement der blev understøttet af, at eleverne i det skabende arbejde skulle gøre noget aktivt med ideer, redskaber og materialer.

AbstractA Pedagogy of EngagementPupil engagement through making puppet animation filmPupil engagement in teaching activities is a crucial part of their primary schooling, because they learn something important and develop themselves as responsible human beings through meeting the world with initiative. At the same time the development of teaching activities that engages pupils, is a common core task for school pedagogues and teachers working in the Danish Primary School. A task that can be supported by integrating the making of puppet animation film in teaching activities. But what characterizes teaching activities where the making of puppet animation film contributes to the development of pupil engagement, and why do they increase engagement? This article analyzes these questions through the theoretical lens of philosophy of action using Dewey, Kemp and Sennett. The analysis uses empirical data from an intervention-based study where a school pedagogue, a mother tongue teacher and their third grade were making puppet animation film. Through three themes: the passive and the active, anticipatory actions and engaging materials the analysis points to, that the pupils in their filmmaking developed a kind of existential engagement where their own self making was a central part of the process. A kind of engagement that was supported by the fact, that the pupils in the process of making did something active with ideas, tools and materials.
Anmeldelser 2015
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab Jysk
Published: February 2022

Sofie Laurine Albris: At bo, at benævne. Arkæologi og stednavne i jernalderens og vikingetidens landskab. Eksempler fra Sydvestsjælland.(Lisbeth Eilersgaard Christensen)Angelika Abegg-Wigg & Nina Lau (eds.): Kammergräber im Barbaricum. Zu Einflüssen und Übergangsphänomenen von der vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis in die Völkerwanderungszeit.(Birgit M. Rasmussen)Kasper H. Andersen og Stefan Pajung (red.): Drikkekultur i middelalderen. (Jette Linaa)Hans Dal: Arkæologi på havbunden. ­Historien om udgravningen af en stenalderboplads i Tybrind Vig.(Peter Moe Astrup og Claus Skriver)Peder Dam: Bebyggelser og stednavnetyper.(Per Grau Møller)Palle Eriksen & Niels H. Andersen: Stendysser. Arkitektur og funktion.(Lars Larsson)Vivian Etting: The story of the drinking horn. Drinking Culture in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages.(Jette Linaa)Hans Christian Gulløv (ed.): Northern Worlds – landscapes, interactions and dynamics(Mogens Skaaning Høegsberg)Jane F. Kershaw: Viking Identities. Scandinavian Jewellery in England. (Else Roesdahl)Lutz Klassen: Along the Road. Aspects of Causewayed Enclosures in South Scandinavia and Beyond.(Poul Otto Nielsen)Mette Svart Kristiansen & Kate ­Giles (red.): Dwellings, Identities and Homes. European Housing Culture from the Viking Age to the Renaissance.(Linda Qviström)Henriette Lyngstrøm: En meget mærkelig mand – Jernforskeren Robert Thomsen.(Jørgen Lund)Poul Otto Nielsen, Finn Ole S. ­Nielsen og Christian Adamsen (red.): Solstensøen – På sporet af Bornholms bondestenalder.(Uffe Rasmussen)Søren Olsen: Kampen om Danmarks natur. Fra fredskovforordningen til genskabelsen af Filsø.(Sven Thorsen)Anne Pedersen: Dead Warriors in Living Memory – A Study of Weapon and Equestrian Burials in Viking-Age Denmark, AD 800-1000.(Silke Eisenschmidt)Andreas Rau (Hrsg.): Nydam Mose, Band 3: Die Schiffe. Katalog, Konkordanz, Tafeln, Pläne. Nydam Mose, Band 4: Die Schiffe. Beiträge zu Form, Technik und Historie.(Jan Bill)Samantha Reiter, Heide W. Nørgaard, Zsófia Kölcze & Constanze Rassmann (eds.): Rooted in Movement. Aspects of Mobility in the Bronze Age Europe.(Sophie Bergerbrant)Else Roesdahl, Søren M. Sindbæk & Anne Pedersen (red.): Aggersborg i vikingetiden. Bebyggelsen og borgen.(Olaf Olsen)Else Roesdahl, Søren M. Sindbæk, Anne Pedersen & David M. Wilson (eds.): Aggersborg. The Viking-Age settlement and fortress.(Olaf Olsen)Søren M. Sindbæk & Athena Trakadas (red.): Verden i Vikingetiden.(David M. Wilson)Søren M. Sindbæk & Athena Trakadas (eds.): The World in the Viking Age.(David M. Wilson)Lasse Christian Arboe Sonne: Thor-kult i vikingetiden. Historiske studier i vikingetidens religion.(Mads D. Jessen)E. Stidsing, K. Høilund Nielsen & R. Fiedel (eds.): Wealth and Complexity. Economically specialised sites in Late Iron Age Denmark.(Birgitta Hårdh)Jeanette Varberg: Fortidens Slagmarker. Krig og Konflikt fra Stenalder til Vikingetid.(Klavs Randsborg)Dorthe Wille-Jørgensen: Kongens borg – 123 års arkæologi på Vordingborg.(Rikke Agnete Olsen)
Anmeldelser
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab -
Published: February 2022

Rica Annaert, Tim Bellens, Pieterjan Deckers, Frans Theuws, Dries Tys, Robert van Dierendonck, Luc van Impe, Johan Veeckman og Laurent Verslype (red.): Early medieval waterscapes. Risks and opportunities for (im)material cultural exchange(Jens Ulriksen)

Adam Cieśliński og Bartosz Kontny (red.): Interacting Barbarians. Contacts, Exchange and Migrations in the First Millennium AD.(Rasmus Birch Iversen)

Thomas Søes Finderup: Saga Oseberg. Rekonstruktion af et vikingeskib(Otto Uldum)

Svein H. Gullbekk og Anette Sættem: Norske Myntfunn 1050-1319, Penger, kommunikasjon og fromhetskultur(Helle W. Horsnæs)

Ole Høiris og Peter K.A. Jensen (red.): Evolutionens menneske – menneskets evolution. Om aben, der blev verdens herre(Trine Kellberg Nielsen)

Mette Svart Kristiansen & Charlotte Boje H. Andersen (red.): Bygning og bolig, gård og toft. Middelalderens Rurale Danmark(Anna Severine Beck)

Marianne Rasmussen Lindegaard: Danmarks oldtid i landskabet. Fra rensdyrjægere til vikingekongerne – 72 fortællinger om vores forfædre(Lise Frost)

Eva Mortensen & Rubina Raja (red.): Store danske arkæologer på jagt efter fortidens byer(Christopher Prescott)

Tinna Møbjerg, Ulla Mannering, Hans Rostholm og Lise Ræder Knudsen (red.): The Hammerum Burial Site. Customs and Clothing in the Roman Iron Age(Lise Bender Jørgensen)

Sigmund Oehrl: Die Bildsteine Gotlands. Probleme und neue Wege ihrer Dokumentation, Lesung und Deutung(Peter Pentz)

Lis Helles Olesen, Esben Schlosser Mauritsen & Mathias Christiansen Broch: Luftarkæologi 2. Luftfotos, droner, laser og geofysik(Ole Risbøl)

Alexandra Pesch & Michaela Helmbrecht (eds.): Gold foil figures in focus. A Scandinavian find group and related objects and images from ancient and medieval Europe. Advanced studies in ancient iconography I. Papers from an international and interdisciplinary workshop organized by the Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA) in Schleswig, Schloss Gottorf, October 23rd-25th 2017(Kent Otte Laursen)

Linda Qviström: Rum utan utsikt. Fönster och ljus i medeltida byggnader(Jes Wienberg)

Lotte Reedtz Sparrewohn, Otto Thomas Kastholm & Poul Otto Nielsen (eds.): Houses for the Living. Two-aisled houses from the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in Denmark(Mats Larsson)

Claus Frederik Sørensen: Nyborg fæstning. Middelalder & renæssance(Bjørn Westerbeek Dahl)

Jens Ulriksen: Vester Egesborg. En anløbs- og togtsamlingsplads fra yngre germansk jernalder og vikingetid på Sydsjælland(Torben Sarauw)

Jeanette Varberg: Viking. Ran, ild og sværd(Søren M. Sindbæk)
La intervención pública en las sociedades cooperativas: la necesidad de revisar el modelo de 'tutela administrativa'
Authors: Burzaco Samper María
Published: February 2022

El modelo de intervención pública que contienen las leyes cooperativas en España responde a un molde que tiene su origen en los antecedentes históricos. Asimismo, la multiplicidad normativa plantea una serie de dificultades que se manifiestan de diverso modo. Similares en su estructura, las leyes cooperativas conciben la presencia de las Administraciones Públicas como una balanza de contrapesos: por un lado, el fomento de las cooperativas; por otro, el control materializado en una serie de mecanismos de intervención de variable intensidad.Esa importante presencia pública plantea dos problemas fundamentales: a) el difícil equilibrio con el principio de autonomía, que forma parte de la identidad cooperativa; b) las diferencias en el contenido de las leyes respecto de determinadas potestades especialmente intensas.Algunas de las leyes más recientes parecen incorporar una reflexión sobre algunas de estas modalidades interventoras. Sin embargo, son avances aún tímidos y no siempre coherentes con la regulación que contienen.
Mudanças e desafios para o direito cooperativo no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Becho Renato
Published: February 2022

O texto, de natureza descritiva, pretende demonstrar os pontos mais críticos do Direito Cooperativo no Brasil. Não há a pretensão de esgotar o tema mas, tão somente situar o leitor estrangeiro sobre o momento histórico vivido pelo Brasil. O texto será dividido em quatro capítulo, sendo o primeiro tratará dos desafios democráticos aos cooperativismo brasileiro, o segundo capítulo abordará as propostas legislativas em debate no Congresso Nacional e que, em futuro próximo poderá alterar o Direito Cooperativo, o terceiro capítulo indicará os temas principais em discussão no Poder Judiciário, demonstrando que as questões tributárias são as mais candentes no Brasil e, o quarto e último capítulo tratará da ausência de uma doutrina jurídica atual, capaz de responder aos desafios no novo século.
Eliminando barreras: marcas accesibles para una sociedad más inclusiva
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Compte Pujol Marc
Published: February 2022

En una época en la que las marcas conviven con un escrutinio público constante, es más importante que nunca actuar desde una perspectiva ética, responsable y consciente socialmente hablando, en pro del bien común. Si bien ya se ha ido asimilando la importancia de aplicar los principios de sostenibilidad, sobre todo desde el punto de vista medioambiental, hay todavía aspectos básicos e imprescindibles que a menudo quedan en el olvido, como el compromiso con la diversidad funcional de las personas. ¿Tienen en cuenta las marcas los criterios básicos que seguir a nivel de accesibilidad e inclusividad?.
Widespread discrepancy in Nnt genotypes and genetic backgrounds complicates granzyme A and other knockout mouse studies
Authors: Rawle Daniel J , Le Thuy T , Dumenil Troy , Bishop Cameron , Yan Kexin , Nakayama Eri , Bird Phillip I , Suhrbier Andreas
Published: February 2022

Granzyme A (GZMA) is a serine protease secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes, withGzma-/-mouse studies having informed our understanding of GZMA’s physiological function. We show herein thatGzma-/-mice have a mixed C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N genetic background and retain the full-length nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene, whereasNntis truncated in C57BL/6J mice. Chikungunya viral arthritis was substantially ameliorated inGzma-/-mice; however, the presence ofNntand the C57BL/6N background, rather than loss of GZMA expression, was responsible for this phenotype. A new CRISPR active site mutant C57BL/6JGzmaS211Amouse provided the first insights into GZMA’s bioactivity free of background issues, with circulating proteolytically active GZMA promoting immune-stimulating and pro-inflammatory signatures. Remarkably, k-mer mining of the Sequence Read Archive illustrated that ≈27% of Run Accessions and ≈38% of BioProjects listing C57BL/6J as the mouse strain hadNntsequencing reads inconsistent with a C57BL/6J genetic background.Nntand C57BL/6N background issues have clearly complicated our understanding of GZMA and may similarly have influenced studies across a broad range of fields.
Interactions between strains govern the eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbial communities
Authors: Goyal Akshit , Bittleston Leonora S , Leventhal Gabriel E , Lu Lu , Cordero Otto X
Published: February 2022

Genomic data has revealed that genotypic variants of the same species, that is, strains, coexist and are abundant in natural microbial communities. However, it is not clear if strains are ecologically equivalent, and at what characteristic genetic distance they might exhibit distinct interactions and dynamics. Here, we address this problem by tracking 10 taxonomically diverse microbial communities from the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea in the laboratory for more than 300 generations. Using metagenomic sequencing, we reconstruct their dynamics over time and across scales, from distant phyla to closely related genotypes. We find that most strains are not ecologically equivalent and exhibit distinct dynamical patterns, often being significantly more correlated with strains from another species than their own. Although even a single mutation can affect laboratory strains, on average, natural strains typically decouple in their dynamics beyond a genetic distance of 100 base pairs. Using mathematical consumer-resource models, we show that these taxonomic patterns emerge naturally from ecological interactions between community members, but only if the interactions are coarse-grained at the level of strains, not species. Finally, by analyzing genomic differences between strains, we identify major functional hubs such as transporters, regulators, and carbohydrate-catabolizing enzymes, which might be the basis for strain-specific interactions. Our work suggests that fine-scale genetic differences in natural communities could be created and stabilized via the rapid diversification of ecological interactions between strains.
Analysis of metabolites in young and mature Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid leaves using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Xia Xi , Chen Can , Yang Lin , Wang Yuchang , Duan Anan , Wang Dawei
Published: February 2022

Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid is a plant used both as food and traditional folk medicine. The leaves of D. delavayi are rich in polyphenols, plants with phenolic content are known to be extremely beneficial in terms of human nutrition. In the present study, we used metabolome technology (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to examine the young and mature D. delavayi leaves on metabolites changes, which were then analyzed and compared. As a result, 477 metabolites (including 111 flavonoids, 47 others (consisted of nine vitamin, 18 saccharides and alcohols, and 20 unassigned metabolites), 71 phenolic acids, 52 amino acids and derivatives, 18 alkaloids, 61 lipids, 24 terpenoids, 33 nucleotides and derivatives, 18 lignans and coumarins, 12 tannins, 30 organic acids) were identified, of which 281 differentially accumulated metabolites, including 146 up-regulated metabolites and 135 down-regulated metabolites. The result of clustering and PCA analyses showed that young and mature leaves were separated, which indicated that there was a great difference in metabolites between young and mature leaves. Meanwhile, we also found that both young and mature leaves displayed unique metabolites with important biological functions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 90 of the differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in 68 KEGG pathways. The result will greatly complement the existing knowledge on the D. delavayi leaves for lays a foundation for subsequent development and utilization.
Interpretation of exercise-induced changes in human skeletal muscle mRNA expression depends on the timing of the post-exercise biopsies
Authors: Kuang Jujiao , McGinley Cian , Lee Matthew J-C , Saner Nicholas J. , Garnham Andrew , Bishop David J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Exercise elicits a range of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle, which include changes in mRNA expression. To better understand the health benefits of exercise training, it is important to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. However, most studies have assessed the molecular events at only a few time-points within a short time frame post-exercise, and the variations of gene expression kinetics have not been addressed systematically.

Methods

We assessed the mRNA expression of 23 gene isoforms implicated in the adaptive response to exercise at six time-points (0, 3, 9, 24, 48, and 72 h post exercise) over a 3-day period following a single session of high-intensity interval exercise.

Results

The temporal patterns of target gene expression were highly variable and the expression of mRNA transcripts detected was largely dependent on the timing of muscle sampling. The largest fold change in mRNA expression of each tested target gene was observed between 3 and 72 h post-exercise.

Discussion and Conclusions

Our findings highlight an important gap in knowledge regarding the molecular response to exercise, where the use of limited time-points within a short period post-exercise has led to an incomplete understanding of the molecular response to exercise. Muscle sampling timing for individual studies needs to be carefully chosen based on existing literature and preliminary analysis of the molecular targets of interest. We propose that a comprehensive time-course analysis on the exercise-induced transcriptional response in humans will significantly benefit the field of exercise molecular biology.
Bayesian computation for the common coefficient of variation of delta-lognormal distributions with application to common rainfall dispersion in Thailand
Authors: Yosboonruang Noppadon , Niwitpong Sa-Aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: February 2022

Rainfall fluctuation makes precipitation and flood prediction difficult. The coefficient of variation can be used to measure rainfall dispersion to produce information for predicting future rainfall, thereby mitigating future disasters. Rainfall data usually consist of positive and true zero values that correspond to a delta-lognormal distribution. Therefore, the coefficient of variation of delta-lognormal distribution is appropriate to measure the rainfall dispersion more than lognormal distribution. In particular, the measurement of the dispersion of precipitation from several areas can be determined by measuring the common coefficient of variation in the rainfall from those areas together. Herein, we compose confidence intervals for the common coefficient of variation of delta-lognormal distributions by employing the fiducial generalized confidence interval, equal-tailed Bayesian credible intervals incorporating the independent Jeffreys or uniform priors, and the method of variance estimates recovery. A combination of the coverage probabilities and expected lengths of the proposed methods obtainedviaa Monte Carlo simulation study were used to compare their performances. The results show that the equal-tailed Bayesian based on the independent Jeffreys prior was suitable. In addition, it can be used the equal-tailed Bayesian based on the uniform prior as an alternative. The efficacies of the proposed confidence intervals are demonstratedviaapplying them to analyze daily rainfall datasets from Nan, Thailand.
Involvement of TOB1 on autophagy in gastric cancer AGS cells via decreasing the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Yunlong , Sui Shuning , Cai Mengdi , Dong Kexian , Wang Ping , Liang Xiao , Fu Songbin , Yu Jingcui
Published: February 2022

Background

We previously identified the tumor suppressor gene TOB1 as related to gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore whether TOB1 induces autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer.

Methods

Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of TOB1, LC3, AKT, mTOR, phosphorylated (p) AKT, and p-mTOR. A double fluorescent GFP-RFP-LC3 fusion protein was used to trace autophagy by laser confocal microscopy. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy.

Results

The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased in AGS cells overexpressing TOB1 compared with control cells. Fluorescence imaging showed LC3 puncta at 48 h, and these puncta increased significantly at 72 h after TOB1 transfection compared with control tumor cells. The presence of autophagosomes in AGS cells was observed at 72 h after TOB1 transfection by transmission electron microscopy, and no autophagosomes were found in the control cells. Moreover, the levels of p-AKT and p -mTOR were lower in AGS cells than in control cancer cells.

Conclusion

Our results provide novel insight that TOB1 might suppress gastric cancer by inducing autophagy, possibly through decreasing phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
"That sounds about right"--Lexical bundle naturalness intuitions in Japanese learners of English
Authors: Northbrook Julian , Conklin Kathy
Published: February 2022

The current study examines the perceived naturalness of lexical bundles learned from early-stage teaching materials in Japanese learners of English. Naturalness ratings of 24 native English speakers and 23 non-native speakers with Japanese as their first language were compared in relation to corpus derived frequencies from the British National Corpus (BNC) and a corpus of Japanese secondary-school English textbooks–the “Junior High School English Textbook Corpus” (JHSETC, Northbrook & Conklin, 2018). The rating scores of both groups were significantly predicted by lexical bundle frequency. However, the groups were sensitive to different metrics, the performance of native speakers was best predicted by the BNC, and that of the Japanese speakers by the JHSETC. This is taken as evidence that learner intuitions are affected by the input they receive from teaching materials, and that these intuitions may stay with learners long term
WordUp: An app that teaches English words through extensive exposure to authentic materials
Authors: Nushi Musa , Aghaei Alireza , Roshanbin Maryam
Published: February 2022

This paper reviews WordUp, a mobile application which fosters English vocabulary learning through exposure to new words in authentic and engaging contexts such as excerpts of movies, songs, and news programme. The samples of use are introduced after the definition of the target words have been provided in both the learners’ first language and English. In this review, the advantage of extensive exposure to authentic use of the target words will be discussed. Moreover,some of the app’sshortcomingssuch as its unsuitability for beginner learners and insufficient tasks to improve the users’ production of the learned vocabulary will be highlighted. WordUp is recommended for learners above level A1 The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) who wish to learn theappropriate application of the learned material through authentic input.
Perception of Dentists towards Periodontal Diagnosis, Treatment and Referral in Belagavi District, Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Menaka KB , Shetty Nikitha , Pattar Vilas , Kumbhojkar Vinayak , Mahajani Aditi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The loss of tooth structure in natural tooth can be attributed to several aetiological factors like dental caries, traumatic injuries and non carious lesions like attrition, abrasion, erosion. All the lesions result in loss of enamel and dentin which eventually need to be replaced with restorative materials. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different acidic solutions on the surface microhardness of three different nanocomposite restorative materials after one day and six weeks time interval. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study comprised of three different composite resin materials, Filtek Z 350 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Ceram X Mono (Dentsply, Konstanz, India) and Tetric N Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Twenty four samples were divided into three groups. Group I: Eight specimens of each restorative material were immersed individually in 10 mL of artificial saliva. Group II: Eight specimens of each restorative material were immersed in artificial saliva for four hours and later immersed for five minutes in a tube containing 10 mL of coca cola under stirring and later stored in artificial saliva. This process was repeated for three times a day. Group III: Eight specimens of each test material were individually immersed in artificial saliva for four hours and later immersed in 10 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for five minutes under stirring and later stored in artificial saliva. This process was done three times a day. Vicker’s diamond indenter was used to test the microhardness. Paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (one-way ANOVA) and post hoc test were used for analysis. Results: There was no significant statistical difference (p-value >0.05) in the surface microhardness between all the tested solutions after day 1 time period of Filtek Z 350. There was significant difference of the surface microhardness between all the groups in all the solutions except for Filtek Z 350 and Ceram X Mono in HCl solution at 6 weeks. Conclusion: There was statistically significant reduction in surface microhardness of the three composites immersed in all the three solutions of artificial saliva, coca cola and hydrochloric acid after day 1 and six weeks time interval
Potensi Penggunaan Kinect sebagai Alat Motion Capture untuk Animasi Karakter Digital
Authors: Kuntjara Aristarchus Pranayama , Erandaru Erandaru , Gunawan Tommy , Hensel Christian
Published: February 2022

Kinect merupakan perangkat sensor motion capture yang mulanya dipakai untuk video game controller, tapi kini digunakan untuk berbagai macam keperluan yang membutuhkan sensor gerak. Kinect relatif murah dan mudah untuk didapatkan dan dipakai sebagai motion capture untuk menggerakkan karakter digital 3D. Dalam penelitian ini, uji coba dilakukan terhadap kemampuan Kinect dalam set-up sistem motion capture yang sesederhana mungkin dan mudah untuk dapat diakses oleh awam. Dari hasil uji coba didapatkan hasil dan saran atau anjuran pemakaian dan set-up yang paling efektif untuk dapat menggerakkan sebuah karakter digital 3D. Diharapkan hasil ini dapat mendorong penggunaan potensi Kinect lebih maksimal.
Perancangan Aplikasi sebagai Wadah Penggemar Kopi di Indonesia
Authors: Foedinatha Brillian , Hartanto Deddi Duto
Published: February 2022

Di Indonesia budaya minum kopi sudah ada semenjak jaman VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) datang ke Indonesia. Budaya tersebut terus berkembang hingga saat era kopi memasuki gelombang ketiga yang dikenal dengan Third Wave Coffee. Pada era ini, terjadi perubahan sudut pandang tentang kopi yang tidak hanya sebatas komoditas untuk diminum namun sudah menjadi seni dan pengetahuan dari hulu ke hilir hingga kopi disajikan pada cangkir. Adanya kopi gelombang ketiga dan terlahirnya Kopi spesial membuat komunitas terbentuk di Indonesia, bahkan lahirnya asosiasi kopi di Indonesia melambangkan perkembangan kopi di Indonesia. Dengan adanya komunitas yang terbentuk, belum ada media dengan wadah online yang memberi fasilitas untuk para penggemarnya. Oleh karena itu, Kavi coffee app hadir untuk menyelesaikan masalah sebagai wadah interaktif online untuk para penggemar kopi di Indonesia.
Design Sprint dalam Kuliah: Eksplorasi Metode Pembelajaran Baru pada Mata Kuliah Design Thinking
Authors: Sutanto Ryan P
Published: February 2022

Teori Design Thinking umumnya diajarkan dalam kelas berbasis proyek. Di sisi lain, ada metode baru yang sejalan dengan teori design thinking, yaitu: Design Sprint. Penggunaan design sprint tidak hanya bisa diaplikasikan dalam perusahaan perintis namun juga bisa diajarkan kepada mahasiswa untuk menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan mahasiswa melalui praktik. Sebagai sebuah metode yang berbasiskan kerja sama dalam sebuah tim, design sprint mendorong mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan sikap kolaboratif dalam menyelesaikan sebuah permasalahan. Design sprint secara daring menjadi lebih kompleks untuk digunakan dalam kelas. Persiapan yang matang menjadi kunci sebuah design sprint yang sukses dan lancar.
Insight into Structural Features of Magnetic Kaolinite Nanocomposite and Its Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Izman Izzan Salwana , Johan Mohd Rafie , Rusmin Ruhaida
Published: February 2022

An in-depth understanding on the structural features of engineered magnetic adsorbent is important for forecasting its efficiencies for environmental clean-up studies. A magnetic kaolinite nanocomposite (MKN) was prepared using Malaysia’s natural kaolinite via co-precipitation method with a three different clay: iron oxide mass ratio (MKN 1:1, MKN 2:1 and MKN 5:1). The morphology and structural features of the magnetic composites were systematically investigated using techniques, such as: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area analysis (BET), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and zeta potential measurement. The removal efficiencies of the adsorbent for Methylene Blue (MB) dye were studied in batch method as a function of pH and initial concentration. MKN1:1 demonstrated the highest magnetisation susceptibility (Ms) of 35.9 emu/g with four-fold-increase in specific surface area as compared to the pristine kaolinite. Preliminary experiment reveals that all MKNs showed almost 100% removal of MB at low initial concentration (<50 ppm). The spent MKN adsorbent demonstrated an easy recovery via external magnetic field separation and recorded maximum adsorption capacity of 18.1 mg/g. This research gives an insight on the surface characteristics of magnetic clay composite for potential application as an effective and low-cost adsorbent in treating dye contaminated water. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Offline generator for digitally reconstructed radiographs of a commercial stereoscopic radiotherapy image‐guidance system
Authors: Charters John A. , Bertram Pascal , Lamb James M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) research sometimes involves simulated changes to patient positioning using retrospectively collected clinical data. For example, researchers may simulate patient misalignments to develop error detection algorithms or positioning optimization algorithms. The Brainlab ExacTrac system can be used to retrospectively “replay” simulated alignment scenarios but does not allow export of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) with simulated positioning variations for further analysis. Here we describe methods to overcome this limitation and replicate ExacTrac system DRRs by using projective geometry parameters contained in the ExacTrac configuration files saved for every imaged subject.

Methods

Two ExacTrac DRR generators were implemented, one with custom MATLAB software based on first principles, and the other using libraries from the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK). A description of perspective projections for DRR rendering applications is included, with emphasis on linear operators in real projective space . We provide a general methodology for the extraction of relevant geometric values needed to replicate ExacTrac DRRs. Our generators were tested on phantom and patient images, both acquired in a known treatment position. We demonstrate the validity of our methods by comparing our generated DRRs to reference DRRs produced by the ExacTrac system during a treatment workflow using a manual landmark analysis as well as rigid registration with the elastix software package.

Results

Manual landmarks selected between the corresponding DRR generators across patient and phantom images have an average displacement of 1.15 mm. For elastix image registrations, we found that absolute value vertical and horizontal translations were 0.18 and 0.35 mm on average, respectively. Rigid rotations were within 0.002 degrees.

Conclusion

Custom and ITK‐based algorithms successfully reproduce ExacTrac DRRs and have the distinctive advantage of incorporating any desired 6D couch position. An open‐source repository is provided separately for users to implement in IGRT patient positioning research.
Recent Progress in Double Network Elastomers: One Plus One is Greater Than Two
Authors: Yang Jia , Li Ke , Tang Chen , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Fan Jianghuan , Qin Gang , Cui Wei , Zhu Lin , Chen Qiang
Published: February 2022

Human beings cannot live without elastomers, which exist almost everywhere in human life nowadays. Although elastomers with a variety of features are developed for specific applications, a timeless topic is how to toughen them, because mechanical properties always determine the reliability and lifespan of the utilized elastomers. Toughening of a soft material has a long history and the main idea is widely accepted, i.e., building energy dissipation into the stretchy networks. Double network (DN) method is the most pioneering and representative practice of materials toughening, which is successfully applied to numerous hydrogel systems. Intensive studies on DN hydrogel systems are implemented and relevant reviews are well documented, whereas important reviews about DN elastomers are absent. In this review, recent progress on toughening elastomers using the DN strategy is reviewed. By reviewing the fabrication methods and relevant extensions, toughening mechanisms at different length scales, functionalities, and applications in sequence, it is shown how one polymer network plus another gives rise to a tough elastomer with superior mechanical properties. It is believed that this review can give some insight into existing DN elastomer systems and inspire the development of next‐generation tough soft materials.
GeAs2 Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast and Ultranarrow Photonic Applications
Authors: Liu Shunxiang , Li Gang , Zhu Feng , Huang Hongfu , Lu Jinsheng , Qu Junle , Li Liang , Wen Qiao
Published: February 2022

As a new IV–V group semiconductor, germanium‐diarsenide (GeAs2) compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties, thickness‐dependent bandgap, in‐plane anisotropy, and excellent optical absorption. However, the potential of GeAs2 in the field of ultrafast and ultranarrow fiber laser has not been studied. In this article, a high‐quality GeAs2 nanosheets saturable absorber (SA) is successfully prepared by liquid‐phase exfoliation. The nonlinear optical characteristics of GeAs2 nanosheets have been investigated based on a balanced twin‐detector measurement system. The modulation depth, nonsaturable loss, and saturation intensity are measured to be 5.2%, 24%, and 1.23 GW cm−2, respectively. GeAs2 has been successfully applied as an SA in an ultrafast and single‐frequency fiber laser. A stable mode‐locked laser pulses operation with a duration as short as 371 fs and a repetition rate of 8.19 MHz at a wavelength of 1560 nm is achieved. Moreover, ultranarrow fiber lasers with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio of 80 dB and a linewidth of ≈678 Hz are obtained. The findings validate that 2D GeAs2 can be used as an SA and has promising applications in ultrafast and ultranarrow photonics.
Strain‐Activated Copper Catalyst for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kang Wen‐Jing , Feng Yi , Li Zhe , Yang Wen‐Qi , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Shi Zi‐Zheng , Yin Peng‐Fei , Shen Gu‐Rong , Yang Jing , Dong Cun‐Ku , Liu Hui , Ye Fu‐Xing , Du Xi‐Wen
Published: February 2022

Developing low‐cost and high‐activity pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is very crucial to the industrialization of water electrolysis. However, the high price, low yield, and poor stability of current HER catalysts make them difficult to meet practical requirements. Herein, a plasma spraying technique is employed to prepare self‐supported Cu catalysts with tensile strain for the first time. The tensile strain upshifts the d‐band of Cu, improves the water dissociation and H* adsorption, eventually improves the intrinsic HER catalytic activity. As such, Cu electrode achieves overpotentials of 182 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, 261 mV in 1 M PBS, and 121 mV in 1 M KOH at 10 mA cm–2. In addition, Cu electrode also performs well at high current densities, the overpotentials at 1 A cm–2 are much lower than those of Pt foil in acid, neutral, and alkaline solutions.
3D Fiber Reinforced Hydrogel Scaffolds by Melt Electrowriting and Gel Casting as a Hybrid Design for Wound Healing
Authors: Afghah Ferdows , Iyison Necla Birgul , Nadernezhad Ali , Midi Ahmet , Sen Ozlem , Saner Okan Burcu , Culha Mustafa , Koc Bahattin
Published: February 2022

Emerging biomanufacturing technologies have revolutionized the field of tissue engineering by offering unprecedented possibilities. Over the past few years, new opportunities arose by combining traditional and novel fabrication techniques, shaping the hybrid designs in biofabrication. One of the potential application fields is skin tissue engineering, in which a combination of traditional principles of wound dressing with advanced biofabrication methods could yield more efficient therapies. In this study, a hybrid design of fiber‐reinforced scaffolds combined with gel casting is developed and the efficiency for in vivo wound healing applications is assessed. For this purpose, 3D fiber meshes produced by melt electrowriting are selectively filled with photocrosslinkable gelatin hydrogel matrices loaded with different growth factor carrier microspheres. Additionally, the influence of the inclusion of inorganic bioactive glass particles within the composite fibrous mesh is evaluated. Qualitative evaluation of secondary wound healing criteria and histological analysis shows that hybrid scaffolds containing growth factors and bioactive glass enhances the healing process significantly, compared to the designs merely providing a fiber‐reinforced bioactive hydrogel matrix as the wound dressing. This study aims to explore a new application area for melt electrowriting as a powerful tool in fabricating hybrid therapeutic designs for skin tissue engineering.