bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration of providing mental health skills in a generic advanced clinical practice programme
Authors: Chadwick Angelina , Murphy Neil
Published: July 2019

Background:

advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) are expected to be competent in their holistic assessment and management of individuals, which includes those with both physical and mental health problems. A mental health component was introduced within a generic advanced practitioner programme to support the development of mental health skills required by advanced clinical practitioners in training (ACPiTs).

Aims:

this research investigated the efficacy of content specific to mental health within an MSc ACP generic programme.

Methods:

a single case study approach was adopted, which used a purposive sample of 10 ACPiTs to explore personal beliefs and experiences using semistructured interviews. Verbatim transcription was undertaken followed by content and thematic analysis.

Findings:

Themes emerged included communication skills, and increased competence and self-awareness.

Conclusion:

insights provided by the ACPiTs showed they recognised the value of mental health teaching and exposure within their training programme in advancing their knowledge and skillset and, ultimately, increasing confidence in their clinical practice.
Current teaching of psychology in undergraduate adult and comprehensive nursing curricula
Authors: Batterbee Robert A
Published: July 2019

The need for nurses to understand human behaviour in the context of effective caring has long been established; however, there is no consensus over the teaching and learning of psychology. Recent reported failures in compassionate care have prompted academics and clinicians to revisit this discussion and examine the challenges this poses to education. The author therefore recognises the need to take stock to see if we are any closer to answering the critical question of how to help students use psychology to understand themselves and the people they will be caring for. A literature review was conducted to examine current research and texts that address the teaching of psychology to undergraduate adult nursing students. The aim was to frame recent discussion in the context of current pre-registration education, rather than revisit the historic argument. Three common themes emerged from the review: the content of psychology taught; the methods of teaching psychology to nurses; and the application of psychological theory to nursing practice. These themes became the focus of further content analysis. A consensus is emerging from the traditionally opposed skills and theory camps that psychological literacy is essential to caring. Psychological content must not be diluted, neglected or eroded, and the essentials of this need to be defined and taught in a manner that is simple to understand and can be applied to real people. In undergraduate education, there is an increasing emphasis on structured reflection, which is used to forge links between student cognition, emotion and behaviour to reinforce theoretical psychological concepts. The similarities between models of reflection and cognitive behavioural psychological conceptualisation are a possible area for future investigation.
Reflecting on the communication process in health care. Part 1: clinical practice—breaking bad news
Authors: Anderson Beverley
Published: July 2019

This is the first of a two-part article on the communication process in health care. The interactive process of effective communication is crucial to enabling healthcare organisations to deliver compassionate, high-quality nursing care to patients, in facilitating interactions between the organisation and its employees and between team members. Poor communication can generate negativity; for instance, misperception and misinterpretation of the messages relayed can result in poor understanding, patient dissatisfaction and lead to complaints. Reflection is a highly beneficial tool. In nursing, it enables nurses to examine their practice, identify problems or concerns, and take appropriate action to initiate improvements. This two-part article examines the role of a uro-oncology clinical nurse specialist (UCNS). Ongoing observations and reflections on the UCNS's practice had identified some pertinent issues in the communication process, specifically those relating to clinical practice and the management of practice-related issues and complaints. Part 1 examines the inherent problems in the communication process, with explanation of their pertinence to delivering optimal health care to patients, as demonstrated in four case studies related to breaking bad news to patients and one scenario related to communicating in teams. Part 2 will focus on the management of complaints.
Helping students to self-care and enhance their health-promotion skills
Authors: Mills Anne
Published: July 2019

Nurses have a public health role, requiring them to promote the health of individuals and communities, and to engage at a political and policy level to improve population health. There is also a professional expectation that nurses will model healthy behaviours and take responsibility for their personal health and wellbeing. However, studies have indicated that undergraduate nurses find the academic and practice elements of their nursing programmes stressful. To manage their stress many use coping behaviours that negatively impact on their health and wellbeing and may influence their ability and willingness to effectively support health promotion in practice. It is widely recognised that environments influence health outcomes and personal health behaviours. This article addresses some of the structural causes of student nurse stress and highlights a recent educational initiative at a UK university that aims to equip student nurses with the practical skills required to engage in health promotion and thereby provide benefits for service users and student nurses alike.
A review of the literature on family decision-making at end of life precipitating hospital admission
Authors: Procter Susan , Ooi MuiKeow , Hopkins Charlotte , Moore Geraldine
Published: July 2019

Around 70% of people would prefer to die at home, yet around 50% die in hospital, according to Dying Matters. In collaboration with a local hospice, a literature review was undertaken to address the question: ‘what factors precipitate admission to hospital in the last few days of a person's life for those who had expressed a preference to die at home?’ Four electronic databases were searched, with a date range of 2008 to 2018. After 80 articles were screened, 13 were included in the review. The findings identified a number of barriers experienced by people with non-cancer conditions nearing the end of life and their family carers, which inhibit the transition to end-of-life care. The findings suggest that hospice support for non-cancer patients with a deteriorating health trajectory needs to precede patient and family recognition that end-of-life care is needed.
Consultation before ‘do not attempt resuscitation’ orders
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: July 2019

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, set out the steps nurses must take to ensure that a DNACPR notice is lawful
Testing the temperature of patient safety in the NHS
Authors: Tingle John
Published: July 2019

John Tingle, Global Patient Safety Specialist, ECRI Institute, discusses several recent NHS reports which show the current state of patient safety in the NHS
Keeping patients safe from hospital-acquired infection
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: July 2019

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, discusses strategies used to keep patients in hospital safe from infection
A social approach to health
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: July 2019

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers what acute services can learn from social care and community models for patient-centred, personalised care
Managing castration complications
Authors: Sherlock Ceri
Published: July 2019

There are many possible approaches to ‘routine’ castration of horses with normally descended testicles and the approach utilised is generally decided by the clinician. Unfortunately, complications are relatively common after castration, ranging from rates of 10–60% of animals, therefore knowledge of their predispositions, signs and management is essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Reported complications include excessive swelling, haemorrhage, infection (including clostridial infections), funiculitis, peritonitis, eventration, penile trauma +/- paralysis, hydrocoele formation, continued stallion-like behaviour and anaesthetic complications. Most complications are not considered life threatening and do not require emergency treatment; the exceptions are eventration, haemorrhage, peritonitis and clostridial infections, all of which are potentially life-threatening.
Reducing risk in equine anaesthesia part 2: specific risk factors, human factors and safety checklists
Authors: Loomes Kate R
Published: July 2019

Performing general anaesthesia in horses carries an inherent risk. Knowledge of the physiological, pharmacological and practical considerations unique to horses is important to be able to minimise this risk and to address complications should they arise. This article discusses the physiological considerations of subsets of the equine population; aspects of human and patient safety; and methods to reduce human error.
Endoscopy of the equine larynx
Authors: Smith Lewis
Published: July 2019

With the advent of overground endoscopy, there is more scrutiny of equine airways than ever before. Possibly as a result of this trend, owners, trainers and breeders seem to have a greater awareness of equine breathing problems. As our understanding evolves in the veterinary sector, there is a need to keep abreast of new techniques and procedures as they become available. It can be difficult for practitioners performing intermittent examinations to gain confidence with equine upper respiratory tract endoscopic anatomy. This article provides a quick reference guide to the majority of conditions and post-operative procedures/abnormalities that the equne practitioner is likely to encounter.
Equine Review
Authors: Fiske-Jackson Andy
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on the effect of anaesthesia of the stifle joint on foot lameness, the use of chondrocyte induced mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for osteoarthritis and the frequency of sepsis following synovial medication.
Pengaruh Konflik Politik Terhadap Studi Hadis Pasca Perang Shiffin
Authors: Anshori Muhammad Muhammad
Published: July 2019

This paper attempts to explain the phenomenon of hadith studies during the Ṣiffīn war. In the history of Islamic civilization, conflict is always there, one factor that raises conflict is political associated with leadership issue. Even the first conflict occurred in Islam had it after the Prophet Muhammad died. This factor influenced relatively to the study of hadith. Islamic history has experienced "bitter notes" since many wars deployed many companions of the Prophet (ṣaḥābah). They, who are considered fair in the Hadith narration, seemed to have desire to rule, and for the sake of power, they were willing to fight each other. Despite various reasons of religious importance and doctrines, this historical accident has affected to even our recent study of the source. This was renewed after the occurrence of the al-fitnah kubrā, which culminated in the battle of Ṣiffīn between 'Alī bin Abū Ṭālib and Mu'āwiyah ibn Abū Sufyān in 37 AH. Atleast after this war, the study of hadith experienced quite rapid development with the emergence of various kinds of the sect, group or current flow in Islam.
Menyikapi Fenomena Labelling Olok-olok Politik di Media Sosial Perspektif Hadis Nabi
Authors: Andi Azhari
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the case of social labelling in social media in relation to recent political issues. This case is increasing among Indonesian people since 2014 general election up to date which gives bad effects to society. This article explains the case in more detail by using social sciences theories. Then it takes hadith as inspiration to solve the case by using paradigm method which is introduced by Kuntowijoyo. Users of netizen, practically, collaborates both of hadith and alquran to get comprehensive argument. In short, this article finds some ways to face the case of labelling in social media in relation to politic issues, people are communicating respectly with others; keeping good attitude in social media includes avoiding to give bad titles (labelling) to others; saying or doing nothing for unable to say or do good things; and supporting the candidates wisely to reject “fanaticsm”.  AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan problem sosial tentang labelling olok-olok politik di media sosial yang massif terjadi dewasa ini di tengah-tengah hiruk pikuk menyambut pesta demokrasi akbar Indonesia 2019. Gegap gempita masyarakat Indonesia dalam menjamu momentum “gadang” tersebut sangat luar biasa. Antusiasme tersebut patut diacungkan jempol. Namun di sisi lain, antusiasme berlebihan tersebut justru menimbulkan kegaduhan di media sosial yang berdampak di kehidupan nyata. Sebut saja perilaku labelling olok-olok politik antara simpatisan pendukung dari partai dan calon pemimpin. Perilaku labelling ini pada gilirannya menimbulkan gesekan dan perpecahan di masyarakat. Artikel inimeninjau fenomena tersebut dari perspektif ilmu sosial (labelling theory, sensate culture theory dan tindakan sosial). Kemudian tulisan ini menggali inspirasi-inspirasi hadis nabi untuk menyikapi fenomena ini dengan pendekatan teori Paradigma Kuntowijoyo di mana hadis dijadikan sebagai paradigma. Dalam menyikapi labelling olok-olok politik di media social artikel ini menemukanetika baik dalam berkomunikasi seperti memberikan label atau julukan yang baik, berkata positif, diam, dan mendukung (mencintai calon pemimpin) sewajaranya agar tidak jatuh ke dalam sikap fanatisme buta.
Diskursus Fertilitas Dalam Perspektif Hadis (Aplikasi Hermeneutik Fungsionalisme Jorge J. E. Gracia)
Authors: Muslim HD Ahmad Tri
Published: July 2019

Diskursus fertilitas dalam studi hadis merupakan upaya integrasi antara teks dan teori-teori yang berhubungan dengan problem tersebut, dalam hal ini teori kependudukan Malthus. Hal ini dianggap penting untuk diaplikasin sebagai jembatan mempertemukan situasi historis dan era kontemporer. Teks hadis di satu sisi mengindikasikan anjuran meningkatkan kuantitas penduduk, di sisi yang lain penting untuk mengorganisasi pertumbuhan penduduk yang dipelopori oleh Malthus. Berangkat dari sini, pilihan teori hermeneutika fungsinonalisme Jorge. J. E. Gracia dijadikan sebagai landasan berpikir dalam menginterpretasikan teks, teori dan realitas. Dengan analisis sejarah dan usaha kontekstualisasi maka disimpulkan bahwa anjuran nabi dalam konteks memperbanyak kuantitas penduduk adalah siasat dakwah yang berbaur budaya masyarakat Arab pada saat itu. Cara tersebut berorientasi menamakan nilai-nilai egalitarianisme sembari mengikis tradisi patriarki masyarakat Arab. Lewat argumentasi ini ditemukan hirarki nilia yang sama antara teks dan teori.
KAJIAN HADIS MENGENAI MASJID RAMAH PERKEMBANGAN ANAK
Authors: Hasyim Wakhid
Published: July 2019

In Islam, salat becomes one of the rituals that must be done by every individual. To be able to carry out continuously, discipline lead individuals. Ideally, the habit of praying has been done since the early age,therefore, parents often invite their children to perform prayers together in order to teach them a habituation. Obstacles felt by parents when they ask to pray in a congregation in the mosque, where children mostly active and rowdy,they may disrupt the concentration of other worshipers.Such places then "banned", either directly or indirectly, small children joining the congregational prayers in the mosque. This raises the emergence of child-friendly mosque, some muslims hold room for children to love the mosque.It is necessary to trace the source of reference to this issue. Based on the search, there are some traditions that show the participation of children in the congregational prayers in the mosque. Based on the analysis of sanad and matan hadis intended, it can be concluded that the Prophet ever allowed children to participate in the congregational prayers in the mosque. While in psychology's view, habituation as a child affects the later adulthood. Since violence in children - both physical and verbal - in reproving a child, when doing noisy in the mosque,may affects a bad impact in the long run, it better to be outlawed. As a result of this consciousness, some places have provided space for children to be able to perform activities in the mosque.
Evaluate the existing political oversight role of Turkish parliament over the public finance and in this context analyzed the new Turkish Presidential Government System
Authors: Biçer Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Turkey changed its 1982 Constitution and adopted a presidential form of government in 2017. This constitutional amendment changed the approval of the budget radically. Along with that, debates may arise in terms of political responsibility for not approved the budget by the Parliament, how the budget will accepted when the president and majority of the Parliament are from different party, and there is not any mechanism being in classical presidential system as public account committee to enhance parliamentary supervision over the executive branch.In this study,- we deliberate the concept of  political power in representative democracy in terms of public decision-making and resource allocation process and then we analyze the existing political oversight role of Turkish Parliament over the public finance on the basis of  democratic legitimacy of public decision-making process and political accountability. - we focus on oversight role of Turkish Parliament over the public finance at the point of using "power of purse after the Constitutional Amendment adopted on April 16, 2017. Within the context of this analysis, the new constitutional structure of Parliament's budget approval and audit process in Turkish Parliament was evaluated.
Adubos de liberação lenta em cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Geromel Mailson Eduardo , Pereira Carlos Eduardo , Kikuti Ana Lúcia Pereira , Kikuti Hamilton , Silva Jair Ramos
Published: July 2019

A utilização de adubos de liberação lenta permite que os nutrientes presentes no fertilizante estejam disponíveis quando realmente são necessários, diminuindo suas perdas e, consequentemente, possibilitando a redução das doses aplicadas. Neste sentido, avaliou-se o comportamento de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar adubadas com N e K revestidos. Foram avaliadas a viabilidade de gemas, o número de perfilhos, a altura de plantas, a biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea das plantas e o comprimento e produtividade de colmos industrializáveis. O uso de adubos N e K revestidos possibilita a redução de 50% da dose recomendada para o fertilizante convencional, sem afetar o crescimento e desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar.
Dessecação e viabilidade de sementes de gravioleira
Authors: Figueiredo Geórgia Roberta Gomes , Pereira Carlos Eduardo , Sacramento Célio Kersul
Published: July 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a tolerância à dessecação e a viabilidade de sementes de gravioleira em diferentes substratos. Inicialmente determinou-se o teor de água das sementes e, em seguida, foram submetidas à secagem até atingirem o teor de água de 31%, 25,1%, 19,3%, 15,5%, 9,5% e 7%. Como substratos foram utilizados areia e substrato comercial. As sementes foram analisadas por meio da emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e do comprimento e massa de matéria seca de plântulas. As sementes de graviola são tolerantes à desidratação até pelo menos 7% de teor de água. O melhor substrato para germinação foi o comercial para todas as variáveis avaliadas.
Avaliação da atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae) contra cepas de Candida glabrata
Authors: Pimenta Eduardo , Da Cruz Renata , Diniz-Neto Hermes , Silva Daniele , De Oliveira Heloísa , Buccini Danieli , Lima Edeltrudes , De Oliveira Filho Abrahão
Published: July 2019

A candidíase invasiva é uma ameaça crescente entre pacientes imunocomprometidos, sendo uma causa significativa de morbidade e mortalidade. Epidemiologicamente, as espécies não-albicans estão adquirindo relevância por se tornarem os agentes causadores cada vez mais frequentes de candidíase. O uso indiscriminado de medicamentos para combater as diversas variedades de candidíase tem trazido um aumento expressivo no número de leveduras resistentes aos antifúngicos tradicionais. Desta forma, produtos de origem vegetal podem ser utilizados como alternativa para os antifúngicos sintéticos. Com base nestas informações, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a possível atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae) contra cepas de Candida glabrata através da técnica de microdiluição para a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM). Após o experimento, observou-se que o produto inibiu a cepa LM-302 de C. glabrata com uma CIM de 256 μg/mL. O mesmo valor foi obtido para a CFM contra esta mesma cepa. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de P. cablin testado apresenta um efeito antifúngico contra as leveduras de C. glabrata.
Avaliação qualitativa das preparações de cardápios de unidades de alimentação e nutrição hospitalares em Sergipe
Authors: Lima Talita Silva , Wartha Elma Regina Silva Silva Andrade , Souza Anaxágora Conceição , Carvalho Izabela Maria Montezano de
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade nutricional dos cardápios ofertados a funcionários e acompanhantes de pacientes em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalares, localizadas no estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados os cardápios de 7 Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalares localizadas em Sergipe, ofertados a funcionários e acompanhantes de pacientes, nos almoços do mês de novembro de 2017. Para a análise, utilizou-se o método da Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio – AQPC. De acordo com o método APQC, a maior parte dos cardápios apresentaram ofertas regulares em relação à presença de fruta (42,9%), folhosos (85,7%), monotonia de cores (57,1%), alimentos ricos em enxofre (85,7%) e doces (42,9%). Já os critérios fritura, fritura associada a doces e conservas, apresentaram percentuais de ocorrência variando, predominantemente, entre bom e ótimo. Apesar dos resultados positivos, ofertas inadequadas ou próximas à inadequação foram observadas em algumas unidades, principalmente em relação à monotonia de cores, presença de alimentos ricos em enxofre, baixa oferta de frutas, ocorrência de conservas e doces, devendo estes, serem, objetos de atenção quanto ao planejamento dos cardápios, em função dos possíveis efeitos deletérios ao organismo.  Assim, cada Unidade deve buscar ajustar os diferentes aspectos que compõem os cardápios, sendo indispensável a atenção a todas as questões que envolvem uma alimentação saudável.
Joint Use of Genome, Pedigree, and Their Interaction with Environment for Predicting the Performance of Wheat Lines in New Environments
Authors: Howard Réka , Gianola Daniel , Montesinos-López Osval , Juliana Philomin , Singh Ravi , Poland Jesse , Shrestha Sandesh , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Crossa José , Jarquín Diego
Published: July 2019

Genome-enabled prediction plays an essential role in wheat breeding because it has the potential to increase the rate of genetic gain relative to traditional phenotypic and pedigree-based selection. Since the performance of wheat lines is highly influenced by environmental stimuli, it is important to accurately model the environment and its interaction with genetic factors in prediction models. Arguably, multi-environmental best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) may deliver better prediction performance than single-environment genomic BLUP. We evaluated pedigree and genome-based prediction using 35,403 wheat lines from the Global Wheat Breeding Program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). We implemented eight statistical models that included genome-wide molecular marker and pedigree information as prediction inputs in two different validation schemes. All models included main effects, but some considered interactions between the different types of pedigree and genomic covariates via Hadamard products of similarity kernels. Pedigree models always gave better prediction of new lines in observed environments than genome-based models when only main effects were fitted. However, for all traits, the highest predictive abilities were obtained when interactions between pedigree, genomes, and environments were included. When new lines were predicted in unobserved environments, in almost all trait/year combinations, the marker main-effects model was the best. These results provide strong evidence that the different sources of genetic information (molecular markers and pedigree) are not equally useful at different stages of the breeding pipelines, and can be employed differentially to improve the design and prediction of the outcome of future breeding programs.
A Rare Cause of Facial Edema and Pain: Temporalis Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Almeida Franzoi André Eduardo de , Sotopietra Bruno César , Monfredini Nayme Hechem , Roberto Wille Paulo , Durieux Roberge Vanessa , Magno Gonçalves Marcus Vinícius
Published: July 2019

Temporalis Muscle Hypertrophy (TMH) is a rare entity of masticatory muscle hypertrophy. It is a disease of important differential diagnosis between peripheral nervous system dysfunctions and neuromuscular diseases. TMH is most commonly bilateral and usually associated with other types of masticatory muscles hypertrophy, such as masseter or pterygoid hypertrophy. However, isolated unilateral TMH is extremely rare. After collecting data from the electronic medical record and allowing the patient permission to report the anamnesis, we describe the clinical case of an unusual form of pain and facial edema. In this case report, we present an adult patient with unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Brain Based Learning Terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ibrahim Diki
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah yang menunjukkan kurangnya rasa percaya diri siswa untuk dapat aktif, menjelaskan materi, dan menyimpulkan apa yang telah dipelajari. Kondisi pembelajaran yang tidak kondusif, menyebabkan kurangnya aktivitas belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui realitas aktivitas belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran brain based learning, realitas aktivitas belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional serta pengaruh model pembelajaran brain based learning terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa di kelas VIII SMPN 2 Cileunyi. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Quasi Experiment. Model pembelajaran Brain Based Learning merupakan model pembelajaran yang menyelaraskan pembelajaran sesuai dengan kinerja otak siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa aktivitas belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran brain based learning pada kelas eksperimen diinterpretasikan tinggi, hal tersebut didapatkan dari hasil aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 3,70. Sementara itu hasil aktivitas belajar siswa pada kelas kontrol diinterpretasikan sedang, hal tersebut didapatkan dari hasil aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 2,92. Adapun pengaruh tersebut sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan N-gain yaitu sebesar 0,56, angka tersebut termasuk pada kategori sedang yang berarti pengaruh model pembelajaran brain based learning terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa memiliki pengaruh yang sedang.
IMPLEMENTASI GURU DALAM MENDESAIN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Nurhayati Nuy , Fhatulloh Muhammad Ramdlan , Yusup Mahmud
Published: July 2019

Pembelajaran yang didesain atau direncanakan haruslah efektif dan efisien sehingga tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dan diterima dengan baik oleh peserta didik sehingga  tujuan nasional pendidik mampu dicapai dengan baik. Dalam pembelajaran dan pendidikan seiring dengan berkembangnya pendidikan dan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia, seluruh elemen masyarakat, utamanya yang terkait langsung dengan pendidikan dituntut untuk lebih kreatif dan profesional untuk mengembangkan pendidikan. Selain itu, para pelaku pendidikan juga diharapkan sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan bersama sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tantangan pendidikan.Untuk itulah perlu adanya cara atau metode untuk menjawab tantangan-tantangan yang muncul seiring dengan berkembangnya waktu, maka muncullah cara atau metode yang disebut perencanaan dan desain pembelajaran yang diharapkan akan lebih memudahkan proses belajar mengajar, dan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan agama Islam
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MELALUI MULTIMEDIA PADA MATERI SYAJA’AH KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 4 BANDUNG
Authors: Hermana Jajang Eris
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTeaching materials are all forms of materials used to assist teachers / instructors in carrying out teaching and learning activities. The material in question can be either written materials or unwritten materials. With teaching materials allows students to learn a competence or basic competence in a coherent and systematic so that the accumulative able to master all the competencies as a whole and integrated. In the digital era like today, the teaching materials in learning Islamic Religious Education need to be developed, so the students are not behind the times. Development of teaching materials is called multimedia teaching materials. With this multimedia is expected to find new findings to learn. This multimedia teaching materials in preparing it required adequate knowledge and support skills, especially in operating equipment such as computers, cameras, video, and photo cameras. Technique of preparation of instructional materials include SK-KD-Indicator analysis, analysis of learning resources, selection and determination of teaching materials, and developing teaching materials. A teaching material at least does not include instructional instructions (student manual / teacher), competence to be achieved, content or content of learning materials, supporting information, and exercises.Keywords: Development, Islamic Education, Multimedia
Pengaruh Kualitas Keberagamaan Orang Tua Terhadap Motivasi Belajar PAI Siswa
Authors: Isnawati Iis
Published: July 2019

Upaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam, pihak madrasah beserta para guru sudah melakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, terutama dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar Agama Islam. Guru telah melakukan upaya dari mulai memotivasi siswa secara verbal yaitu melalui bimbingan dan nasihat, serta melalui bentuk nilai tertulis. Selain itu, pihak sekolah juga mengadakan fasilitas berupa boarding school untuk memotivasi siswa. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut tidak memperlihatkan hasil yang cukup baik. Bertolak dari pernyataan di atas, maka muncul suatu persoalan bagaimana pengaruh kualitas keberagamaan orang terhadap motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1)Kualitas keberagamaan orang tua, 2)Motivasi belajar siswa, dan 3)Pengaruh kualitas keberagamaan orang tua terhadap motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Majalengka. Penelitian ini bertolak dari suatu pemikiran bahwa buah jatuh tidak jauh dari pohonnya, maksudnya secara asumsi ketika kualitas keberagamaan orang tua baik maka keberagamaan termasuk motivasi belajar PAI anakpun baik, begitupun sebaliknya. Dari asumsi tersebut dapat di tarik hipotesis bahwa semakin tinggi kualitas keberagamaan orang tua, maka semakin tinggi pula motivasi belajar PAI siswa. Dan semakin rendah kualitas keberagamaan orang tua, maka semakin rendah pula motivasi belajar PAI siswa. Untuk membuktikan hipotesis tersebut diadakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif  korelasional, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analisis parsial yang menghasilkan variabel X berdistribusi normal, indikator pengetahuan variabel X berdisribusi tidak normal dan variabel Y berdistribusi normal, maka korelasi ini menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment dan korelasi rank. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: 1) Realitas variabel X rata-rata sebesar 3,45 yang ditafsirkan kepada kategori cukup dengan data berdistribusi normal, terbukti karena harga x² hitung 2,74 < x² tabel 9,488. 2) Realitas variabel Y rata-rata sebesar 2,69 yang ditafsirkan kepada kategori cukup dengan data berdistribusi normal, yang terbukti karena harga x² hitung 4,19 < x² tabel 9,488. 3) Pengaruh antara variabel X dengan variabel Y diperoleh Rxy = 0,38 yaitu kategori korelasi rendah. Dan taraf signifikasi diperoleh thitung sebesar 2,47 dan ttabel sebesar 2,024 dengan taraf signifikasi 5%, sehingga thitung > ttabel, yakni terdapat  pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel X dan variabel Y. Oleh karena itu hipotesis yang diajukan dinyatakan: Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Kemudian besarnya pengaruh diperoleh 8% hal ini menunjukkan masih ada 92% faktor lain yang mempengaruhi motivasi belajar PAI siswa.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU KEBERAGAMAAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Affandy Sulpi
Published: July 2019

Lokal genius, indigenious knowledge atau local wisdom dapat digali secara ilmiah dari produk kultural dengan interpretasi yang mendalam. Sebagai produk kultural, tradisi budaya mengandung berbagai hal yang menyangkut hidup dan kehidupan komunitas pemiliknya, misalnya sistem nilai, kepercayaan dan agama. Kaidah-kaidah sosial dan etos kerja, bahkan cara bagaimana dinamika sosial itu berlangsung, dengan kata lain, tradisi budaya sebagai warisan leluhur mengandung kearifan lokal (local wisdom) yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk membentuk kedamaian dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Dalam kaitannya dengan kearifan lokal, setiap bangsa atau suku bangsa memiliki sumber yang berbeda dalam pembentukan karakter (character building) generasi penerus bangsanya.Kearifan lokal budaya Sunda yang kaya dengan nilai-nilai positif perlu ditransformasi pada generasi muda melalui pendidikan secara kontinyu dan terus mengalami proses reflektif agar kearifan lokal budaya sunda bisa mendorong karakter sunda yang unggul sehingga pada akhirnya setiap siswa memiliki kecakapan hidup (life skill) yang dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan mereka pada jamannya.Keberagamaan atau religiusitas merupakan tingkat pengetahuan, keyakinan, pelaksanaan dan penghayatan seseorang atas ajaran agama yang diyakininya, atau suatu sikap penyerahan diri kepada suatu kekuatan yang ada di luar dirinya yang diwujudkan dalam aktivitas dan perilaku individu sehari-hari. Dalam pendapat lain Keberagamaan (religiusity) adalah perilaku yang bersumber langsung atau tidak langsung kepada nas. Di pihak lain, keberagamaan menunjuk pada rangkaian perbuatan, perilaku dan kegiatan orang beriman yang telah melaksanakan ajaran tersebut, di dalam kehidupan konkret mereka.Perilaku keberagamaan merupakan respon dari realitas mutlak sesuai dengan konsep Joachim Wach atau imam Abu al-Hasan al-Asy’ary. Untuk mewujudkan satuan perilaku beragama diperlukan suatu proses panjang ynag menyangkut dimensi kemanusiaan baik pada aspek kejiwaan, perorangan maupun kehidupan kelompok. Unsur ini disimpulkan dari sifat ajaran agama yang menjangkau keseluruhan hidup manusia, karena manusia memiliki dimensi kejiwaan perorangan atua kelompok.Untuk meningkatkan keberagamaan peserta didik perlu didukung dengan kaitan wawasan, sikap keberagamaan peserta didik dan juga pembiasaan program yang menanamkan nilai-nilai keberagamaan tersebut. Sehingga nantinya diketahui apakah wawasan peserta didik yang luas akan ilmu agama memastikannya untuk bersikap dan berprilaku yang menunjukkan keberagamaan yang baik.
EXPRESSION DENSITY OF RECEPTORS FOR IMMUNOREGULATORY MEDIATORS AS A MODULATORY COMPONENT OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MEDIATORS UPON CELLS (PART 2)
Authors: Sennikov S. V. , Alshevskaya A. A. , Zhukova Yu. V. , Belomestnova I. A. , Karaulov A. V. , Lopatnikova Yu. A.
Published: July 2019

The present review article summarizes the latest world scientific data on the role of receptors for immune mediators in regulating biological effects on the cells. For the main classes of immune regulators (interleukins, interferons, growth factors and tumor necrosis factors), the variants are presented for participation of receptors as components of cytokine/cell interaction, as proven byin vitroandin vivostudies. Ability of the receptors expression to modify characteristics and type of these interactions is shown. The data on participation of receptors for regulatory molecules in development of immune-mediated diseases of various genesis have been analyzed. It was demonstrated that the changes in the receptor expression are of great importance when evaluating functional response of the cells to the mediators and in development of pathological conditions. Current studies confirmed the data suggesting effects of receptor density upon the processes of proliferation and apoptosis, as well as metabolic processes that trigger development of autoimmune, oncological and dystrophic diseases. For all the considered classes of regulatory molecules, the change in the density of receptor expression is one of the key aspects in regulating functional activity of the cells. Thus, studying expression levels of receptors on the cell membrane is important in understanding pathogenesis, whereas changing expression level may be considered as a therapeutic target in the treatment of various diseases.
PROSPECTS OF Toll-LIKE RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Nikonova A. A. , Khaitov M. R. , Khaitov R. M.
Published: July 2019

Antiviral research has focused mainly on viral targets. However, cellular targets involved in the viral life cycle and antiviral response are becoming more attractive for research, providing a variety of opportunities for antiviral therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an important role in activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems, including a response to respiratory viral infections. In this review we shall discuss TLRs as potential targets for development of novel antiviral drugs including the mechanisms for induction the antiviral response by means of type I interferon production, as well as viral evasion strategies. In addition, we describe several new molecules that have been applied as TLR agonists or antagonists. The safety issues are also discussed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Timasheva Ya. R.
Published: July 2019

According to modern concept of the etiopathogenesis of essential hypertension, immune cells play an important role in its development. Mediators produced by immunocompetent cells participate in the initiation and maintenance of chronic systemic inflammation and promote the development of vascular remodeling which is an important part of the pathogenesis of the disease and target organ damage. The immune mechanisms underlying blood pressure elevation include the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Endothelial damage triggers an inflammatory cascade, causing migration of the immune cells to the inflammatory site, mediated by chemokines and adhesion molecules. Macrophage infiltration of perivascular tissue contributes to impaired vasodilation and damage to target organs due to the production of active forms of oxygen. Angiotensin II also causes T cell infiltration of perivascular adipose tissue and adventitia and an increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. In addition, T lymphocytes express the mineralocorticoid receptor involved in the development of systemic hypertension. An important role in the progression of hypertension belongs to interleukin-17, which is involved in blood pressure elevation and vascular remodeling. The review also contains data on the effect of gut microbiota on the regulation of blood pressure and the development of hypertension.
DIRECT EFFECTS OF GM-CSF ON THE FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES
Authors: Gazatova N. D. , Meniailo M. E. , Malashchenko V. V. , Goncharov A. G. , Melashchenko O. B. , Morozova E. M. , Seledtsov V. I.
Published: July 2019

We investigated direct effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the surface properties and cytokine-producing activity of human monocytes/macrophages (Mc/Mphs). The CD14+cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors by positive magnetic separation. The isolated Mc/Mphs were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml) or without LPS for 24 hours. Membrane expression of CD14, CD16, CD119, CD124, and CD197 molecules was assessed by flow cytometry. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 in culture supernatants were determined by the enzyme immunoassay technique. It was found that GM-CSF at a concentration range of 0.01-10 ng/ml did significantly reduce the number of cells expressing CD197 (CC receptor of chemokine 7), without significantly affecting the percentage of CD14+(coreceptor of LPS), CD16+(low-affinity Fc receptor), CD119+(IFNγ receptor) and CD124+(IL-4 receptor) cells. At the same time, GM-CSF reduced the contents of CD197+macrophages, as well as CD14+, CD16+, and CD119+cells among the activated cell population, without significantly altering the number of CD124+cells. It was also shown that GM-CSF (10 ng/ml), was able to enhance production of TNFα and IL-6, but not IL-1β and IL-10 by activated Mc/Mphs. The results obtained indicate the ability of GM-CSF to exert both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects upon macrophage cell populations. In general, such effects could contribute to the development of adaptive immunogenesis in peripheral tissues.
POLYMORPHISMS OF EXTRACELLULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE REMODELING PROTEINASES AND MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 GENES, AND NEOANGIGENESIS VEGF GENE IN RETINAL MICROANGIOPATHY IN THE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Shevchenko A. V. , Prokofiev V. F. , Konenkov V. I. , Klimontov V. V. , Tyan N. V. , Chernykh D. V. , Trunov A. N. , Chernykh V. V.
Published: July 2019

The aim of our study was to perform an association analysis betweenMMP2,MMP3,MMP9,VEGFgene polymorphisms and development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the type 2 diabetic patients (DM).

201 DM patients: 90 cases of DR and 111 subjects without DR features were included into the study. Polymorphic variants ofMMP2(rs2438650),MMP3(rs3025058),MMP9(rs3918242), andVEGF(rs699947andrs3025039) genes were assayed. The genetic typing was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan methods.

The analysis of complex genotypes at the five polymorphic positions has revealed some significant findings in positive and negatively incorporated complexes. Increased frequencies ofMMP2-1306 CCgenotype in the group of patients with “early” development of complication, and more frequent combination of high-level HbA1c withMMP2-1306CCandMMP9-1562CTgenotypes were shown in DR patients. Computerassisted modelling with visual reconstruction of network interactions between the genotypes involved into the destruction events and angiogenesis, as well as altered HbA1с levels (an integral parameter of glycemia), has revealed some differences in structural and functional organization of gene-gene and gene- protein interactions between the groups of patients with DRversusthose without this disorder. Сonclusion. A design of interactome biological networks based on transcription regulation and metabolic pathways, as well as their topological analysis allows to build and study interactions of genes and proteins, with reference to pathogenetic studies of DM2 complications aiming for development of approaches to personalized prevention and therapy in future times.
CD20+B LYMPHOCYTES, A HIGHLY INFORMATIVE BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS
Authors: Ellinidi V. N. , Khromov-Borisov N. N. , Feoktistov A. A. , Lyamina A. V. , Kalinina N. M.
Published: July 2019

Plasma cells are often considered to be among important criteria in histological diagnosis of chronic endometritis (CE). Low plasma cell numbers in endometrial stroma, uneven distribution and similarity to the cells of cytogenic endometrial stroma represent difficulties with their identification by routine histological methods of study, and their absence prevents distinct diagnosis of CE. The paper presents data on comparative ROC-analysis of two immunohistochemical parameters of chronic endometritis: CD20+B lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells (PC). The study group included 937 women with CE, who were examined for infertility and failed IVF attempts. The control group consisted of 103 women without signs of CE who were studied for male infertility factor.

The sensitivity of CD20+B cell assays for the diagnosis of CE was 98% (Se = 0.98), thus being 1.44 times higher compared to the sensitivity of CD138+PC, that was, respectively, 68% (Se = 0.68). The specificity of both indicators for the diagnosis of the absence of CE was high, i.e., 98% (Sp = 0.98), and 99% (Sp = 0.99), respectively. The threshold quantitative values for the two endometrial parameters (cutoff point) for the CE diagnosis were also determined when using CD138+PC-1 cell/5mm2 and CD20+B lymphocytes-5cell/5mm2. Analysis of linear regression showed a highly significant (p = 0.00053) relationship of CD138+ PC from CD20+B lymphocytes: With increased numbers of CD20+B lymphocytes, there is a trend for higher CD138+PC numbers which confirms their direct pathogenetic relationship. The topographic and quantitative features of CD20 B lymphocytes in the endometrium determined during immunohistochemical examination allow us to recommend this approach as a highly sensitive and significant early diagnostic indicator of chronic endometritis.