bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimento de acadêmicos em relação às tecnologias de prevenção ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana: Profilaxia Pré-Exposição e Profilaxia Pós-Exposição
Authors: De Melo Felipe Henrique , Alexandre André Ribeiro , Santos Daniel Oliveira , Queiroz Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes , Fernandes Ana Paula Morais , Da Silva Policardo Gonçalves
Published: September 2023

OBJETIVO: analisar o conhecimento de alunos dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina de uma universidade pública a respeito de tecnologias de prevenção ao vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV) – Profilaxia Pré-Exposição (PrEP) e Profilaxia Pós-Exposição (PEP). MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, sendo sua população composta por 63 estudantes de cursos da saúde de uma instituição pública de ensino. RESULTADOS: 57,1% dos participantes cursavam Medicina, 42,9% cursavam Enfermagem, 96,8% responderam corretamente o que significa PrEP e PEP, 63,5% souberam como utilizar a PrEP, 66,7% acertaram quais as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis a PEP previne, 100% dos estudantes responderam corretamente sobre a exclusão do uso do preservativo em uso da PrEP ou PEP. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Neste estudo, pode-se constatar que os estudantes possuem um conhecimento sobre as profilaxias preventivas ao HIV (PrEP e PEP). Ainda podem existir lacunas de conhecimento sobre a temática, o que pode influenciar no manejo da PrEP e da PEP e, assim, acabar não aproveitando integralmente os benefícios que essas tecnologias oferecem.
DNA Cloning (Gibson Assembly, Transformation, Plating and Incubation) v2
Authors: iGEM NUS
Published: September 2023

2023 NUS-Singapore iGEM Team followed this protocol to construct the plasmid of interest or to clone the plasmid of interest.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization in Early Childhood: Scoping Review Protocol v1
Authors: E Coates Erica
Published: September 2023

Objective: This scoping review aims to assess the state of the literature on ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) during the early childhood period. We seek to synthesize information regarding the prevalence of ERS in early childhood, the nature of these messages, and the optimal combination of message content and frequency for ERS to be a protective factor for children’s development.Introduction: Family ERS describes the process of caregivers transmitting messages about race and ethnicity to their children, yet there is limited research on ERS during early childhood. There is mixed research regarding the outcomes associated with caregivers’ use of ERS, with some strategies being favorable for childrens’ developmental outcomes while others are associated with negative behavioral consequences. Assessing the state of the literature on ERS in the early childhood period is crucial to guide future research and to integrate ERS effectively into parenting interventions.Inclusion criteria: Children from ages birth to 8 who live in the US will be the intended population for this scoping review, using predominantly caregivers’ reports on their use of ERS and children’s development. ERS among this population will be the focus of this scoping review.Methods: Following PRISMA's reporting guidelines, we plan to search MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science for English language, peer-reviewed studies. We will include all year-ranges that are indexed within each database. Eligibility screening (title/abstract and full-text) and data extraction will be completed by at least two independent reviewers and conflicts will be resolved as a team. Bibliographic information and key study characteristics from included studies will be collected using a tool that will be developed through an iterative process.
Effect of sea sand in the behaviour of fresh concrete partially replaced with M-sand
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, S Neethu , D Tensing ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, S Vincent Sam Jebadurai ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
Published: September 2023

The research paper aims to address the environmental challenges caused by uncontrolled river sand mining in various regions of the country. Indiscriminate mining has led to multiple issues, necessitating restrictions on river sand extraction, but these restrictions have also affected the building industry's stability. As a solution, exploring cost-effective alternative materials for cement production becomes essential to promote resource utilization and efficiency in the construction sector. The study focuses on using excavated marine sand as a fine aggregate to develop enduring and resilient concrete. Partial replacement of river sand and manufactured sand (MS) with dredged sea sand (DSS) is conducted to understand the benefits of the proposed concrete in terms of strength and durability compared to traditional concrete made of river sand (RS). This investigation is significant in the current scenario to assess the potential of DSS as a building material. The methodology employed includes grading analysis, assessment of flexural and compressive strength, evaluation of water absorption, alkalinity testing, rapid chloride penetration test, bond strength examination, and sorptivity assessment. The research aims to determine the behavior of fresh concrete with sea sand as a partial replacement for traditional sands, ultimately contributing to more eco-friendly and resource-efficient construction practices. The gradation has been done in three different proportions say 10, 20, and 30%. The results indicate that for all the mixes the compressive strength of the cylinder shows an average value of 0.83 times the strength of the cubes, while the flexural strength value (K√fck) shows an average of 0.69 times the strength of the cubes for all the mixes. RCPT and Water Absorption results show an average value of 1775 and 3.96 respectively which is within the limit specified. The addition of MS improves the alkalinity of concrete and the result was in accordance with ASTM D 4262. The bond strength increases with an increase in the replacement of sea sand and sorptivity decreases with an increase in the replacement of sea sand. This is indeed a study of the strength of concrete and toughness using MS as a partial replacement for dredged sand. The analysis shows that a 30% replacement of dredged sea sand with MS does not impact the overall strength of concrete, ensuring satisfactory strength and durability.
Masculinidades y Perspectiva Decolonial en América Latina.
Authors: Martínez-Hoyos María Fernanda , Carmona Parra Jaime Alberto
Published: September 2023

Artículo de revisión sobre el papel que ha ocupado la perspectiva decolonial en el proceso de construcción de conocimiento sobre masculinidades en América Latina. Se realizó el rastreo y revisión documental de artículos científicos y tesis de grado y posgrado de acceso libre publicadas en las bases de datos de Scopus, Redalyc, Scielo y Dialnet entre los años 2011 y 2021 bajo las palabras clave en inglés y español: colonialidad, decolonialidad, poscolonialidad, género, masculinidad, masculinidad hegemónica, globalización, América Latina. El analisis incluyó los documentos que desarrollan las categorías masculinidad, colonialidad y decolonialidad. Se identificó un vacio de conocimiento a nivel de producciones académicas formales,  por lo cual se incluyeron algunos trabajos realizados en Sudáfrica y documentos derivados de simposios y congresos en la región, asi como algunos trabajos emblematicos de años anteriores. El vacio identificado permite reconocer un campo de conocimiento emergente  coherente con las particularidades de la región y en linea con los avances teóricos que se vienen realizando desde perpectivas como el feminismo decolonial y los movimientos sociales que trabajan las masculinidades y que por fuera de la academia han reconocido la importancia de articular las categorias de masculinidad y colonialidad en sus practicascotidianas.
New Father a Male Ally-ship in Women's Movement: Effects of Digital Feminism in Reshaping Patriarchal Behaviour
Authors: Firdaus Amira , Aksar Iffat , Gong Jiakun , Dharejo Nasrullah
Published: September 2023

The study examines the involvement of men in the women's movement in Pakistan, which is a patriarchal society. The interviews with progressive men and women, who are actively engaged in the feminist movement in Pakistan reveal the changing dynamics of family structure in Pakistan, and discussed the emerging role of the liberal father as male allyship in women's emancipation and eliminating gender inequalities. The study discusses the effects of digital feminism in Pakistan in involving men in the women's movement as bridging social capital, producing responsible behavior among men, and challenging patriarchy through new fathers. In a patriarchal society, where the dominancy of the father is blindly followed, digital feminism is now altering the father's rule into male allies, producing a concept of new a father, which is challenging the patriarchal notions of masculinity and hegemony. The new father is a symbol of a new dominant figure, who is responsible and transforming the domestic patriarchy, to maintain equality at home and would bring change to the social structure at large.
Co-Creating News Oases in Media Deserts
Authors: Ferrier Michelle Barrett
Published: September 2023

The Media Deserts Project is a research effort to map and model the changing media landscape in the United States. Media deserts are defined as geographies lacking fresh, daily news and information. Using circulation data of US print newspapers, emerging hyperlocal online news sites in digital networks, and broadband access data from the Federal Communication Commission, the Media Deserts Project maps these changes using geographic information systems down to the zip code level, making visible local communication systems and gaps. To develop community-centered news and information solutions, this research team used community-based research practices, where students engaged with residents, local business leaders, health, education, and other administrators to examine the communication needs of three specific communities in Southeast Ohio. We centered our efforts on building relationships with community members and designing localized media tools. We learned key insights that we believe may travel well into other projects using community-based engagement, participatory design, and co-creation practices.
The Interweaving of Everyday and Structural Perspectives: Exploring Suburban Struggles of Everyday Life
Authors: Mlejnek Marius , Lütke Petra
Published: September 2023

Everyday life is a central element for understanding the (sub)urban. Broader forces shape the (sub)urban and manifest in both its geographical structures and everyday life. These forces also shape globalized and complex urban contexts. Recent debates have addressed the question of which research designs best decipher this interplay. We argue that the struggles of everyday life could be a fruitful starting point for (sub)urban studies. Our research on socio-spatial changes in suburbia shows that these struggles emerge in a multidimensional field of tension. The concept of struggles of everyday life simultaneously acknowledges the relevance of the everyday and the impact of structural forces. We demonstrate this with our research design, the essential elements of which are literature work, narrative-episodic interviews, expert interviews, vignettes, and a hermeneutic, iterative research process. Conceptually, our research is based on the epistemological framework of planetary urbanization and Henri Lefebvre’s perspective on everyday life. We outline which conceptual and methodical approaches are useful for deciphering the interweaving of everyday life and structural forces, through the example of a suburb of the City of Cologne, Germany. Thereby, we provide remarks on recent questions of comparative urbanism in conceptual and methodological terms.
Specific features of functioning the preposition equivalents with the semantics of the actual purpose in the modern Ukrainian language
Authors:   National Scientific Center “Hon. prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute”, Kysla Nataliia
Published: September 2023

The article singles out the preposition equivalents with the meaning of the actual purpose from the general prepositional structures: with the purpose + Subst2, for the subject + Subst2, to perform + Subst2, in the performance + Subst2, for the performance + Subst2, to complete + Subst2, to acquire + Subst2, in case of + Subst2, to replace (change) + Subst2, in hope of + Subst4, in the fight with + Subst5, to pursuit + Subst5, in pursuit of + Subst5, in search of + Subst2, at the call of + Subst2. The author clarifies the motivational basis of the lexical units, which come from the lexemes with target (goal, agreement) semantics, and from those abstract lexical units for which this semantics is indifferent (name, memory, struggle, completion). It has been determined that the actual purpose prepositions are regularly combined with verbs of creation, various types of activity (build, work, create), movement, spatial movement (go, carry, fly), coordinated interpersonal actions (fight, vote, defend) and nouns which name various actions (receiving, checking, creating), food, drinks (snack, water, bread), manifestations of feelings, mental states (will, love, anxiety), etc. The conditions under which intentional preposition equivalents show specificity at the level of conjugability are established (for each meaning variety of the studied units, a lexical-semantic set of main valence carriers (verbs in particular) and valence partners (nouns in particular) is fixed, all of which together constitute the corresponding type of semantic-syntactic relations).
Turizm Araştırmalarında Nedensellik: Q1 Dergilerde Deneysel Tasarımın Kullanımına Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Authors: SÖKMEN Seda , DOGAN Merve , ATABAY Eniser
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada, nedensel ilişkileri test etmede en güçlü nicel yöntem olarak kabul edilen deneysel tasarım konu edilmiştir. Deneysel tasarım yönteminin turizm araştırmalarındaki niceliksel ve niteliksel durumuna ilişkin bir anlayış geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda turizm alanında öncü olan ve Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)’de taranan dergilerde, deneysel tasarım yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş 195 araştırma makalesi, yıl sınırlaması olmaksızın incelenmiştir. Makaleler dergiler, yazarlar, yıllar ve konular bağlamında R istatistik programı ile bilimsel haritalama ve raporlama yöntemleri analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca makaleler deney türü, deney ortamı, tasarım türü, rassal atama, manipülasyon yöntemi ve manipülasyon kontrolü gibi temel deneysel tasarım öğeleri bağlamında da analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, 2010 yılından itibaren deneysel araştırmalarda dikkat çekici bir artış olduğunu 2016 ve sonrasında ise deneysel tasarım yöntemi kullanımının zirveye ulaştığını ortaya koymuştur. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Journal of Travel Research ve Tourism Management dergilerinin en fazla deneysel tasarım araştırması yayımlayan dergiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Destinasyon imajı, tüketici davranışı, Covid-19, tatmin, reklam vb. anahtar kelimelerin deneysel araştırmalarda ön plana çıktığı; sağlık bilinci, iyi oluş, beslenme bilgisi gibi konuların ise niş konular olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Deneylerin çoğunlukla gerçek deney ve denekler-arası olarak tasarlandığı, rassal atama şartının sağlandığı, saha deneylerinin azınlıkta olduğu ve manipülasyon kontrolüne önem verildiği görülmüştür.
Küresel Siyaset Penceresinden Diasporaları Anlamak: Bir Analiz Çerçevesi Denemesi
Authors: MADAKBAŞ GÜLENER Elif
Published: September 2023

Küreselleşmenin yarattığı dünyanın siyaset bilimi ve uluslararası ilişkileri birbirine yaklaştırması, küresel siyaseti yeni bir çalışma alanı olarak gündeme getirmiştir. Alışık olduğumuz/tanıdık disiplinlere ait yerleşik kavramlar ve teoriler, günümüz olaylarını ve süreçlerini anlama noktasında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Diasporalar da bunlardan biridir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın amacı, küresel siyaset penceresinden diasporaları analiz etmek için bir çerçeve önermektir. Öncelikle, küresel siyasetin nasıl bir alan olduğu anlaşılmaya çalışılarak diasporaların bu alandaki yeri incelenmiştir. Sonrasında ise hem küreselleşme hem de diaspora kavramları ile sık sık birlikte anılan ulus-ötesicilik ve kozmopolitçilik kavramları ele alınmıştır. Kavramsal farkların ortaya konulmasını takiben iç içe geçmiş kümeler şeklinde bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Bu çerçevede en dış küme olan küresel siyaset kümesi, bir ‘analiz çerçevesi’ olarak konumlanmıştır. Alt kümeleri ise sırasıyla ‘olguları ve gerçek süreçleri’ anlatacak şekilde küreselleşme kümesi, ‘araştırma perspektifini’ işaret edecek şekilde ulus-ötesicilik kümesi, ‘aktörler’ olarak ise diasporalar kümesi oluşturmuştur. Diaspora kümesi içinde, aynı zamanda tüm kümelerin ortak yanı olarak, dikey ve yatay ağların dikkate alınması ile çok-seviyeli (dünya-bölgesel-ulusal-yerel) ve çok-boyutlu (siyaset, ekonomi, kültür) analizlerin gerekliliği yer almıştır. Kozmopolitçilik ise bir ideoloji, paradigma ve değerler sistemi olarak çerçevenin tercihe bağlı zemini olarak konumlanmıştır. Böyle bir çerçeve ile spesifik olarak diasporaları çalışmak için daha detaylı bir kavramsal ve daha kapsamlı bir teorik tartışma ise bir başka çalışmanın konusu olarak sonuç ve öneriler kısmında yer almıştır.
Observation of feto-maternal outcome in eclamptic patients
Authors: Biswas Sabera Sultana
Published: September 2023

Background: Eclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and can lead to adverse feto-maternal outcomes. This study aimed to explore the relationships between socio-demographic factors, knowledge of eclampsia, clinical history, and feto-maternal outcomes in eclamptic patients.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Pabna, Bangladesh, from September 2014 to October 2015, with a sample size of 48 eclamptic women who had given birth at the study hospital.
Results: Among the 48 eclamptic patients at the study hospital, most were either 20 years old or younger (43.75%) or aged 21 to 30 (50.00%), averaging 21.75 years in age. In terms of education, half were literate, and 37.50% had completed secondary school. The majority recognized the importance of pre-eclampsia (75.00%) and antenatal care (87.50%) for feto-maternal outcomes. Eclamptic seizures affected 25.00% of patients, hypertension 18.75%, and edema 6.25%. Risk factors included 43.75% in the high-risk age category, 37.50% with irregular or no antenatal check-ups, and 12.50% being nulliparous. Regarding perinatal outcomes, 62.50% of neonates survived, while 6.25% were stillborn, 6.25% experienced neonatal death, and 12.50% suffered neonatal asphyxia. Most patients (72.92%) had no complications, but 25.00% endured postpartum depression.
Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of antenatal education programs and timely healthcare access for improving outcomes. By addressing these factors and emphasizing individualized care plans, healthcare providers can enhance maternal and neonatal well-being in eclamptic patients.
Spindle cell tumours of the female genital tract
Authors: Olaofe Olaejirinde O. , Okongwu Chigozie C.
Published: September 2023

Background: Our aim is to describe the clinicopathology features of spindle cell tumors of the female genital tract seen in our hospital and to compare the findings with what is seen in other parts of the world.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all spindle cell tumors diagnosed in the department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic medicine of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022.
Results: Leiomyoma was the most common spindle cell tumour seen. Only 570 cases met the inclusion criteria. Only one nodule was removed in 130 cases (22%) while greater than one nodule was excised in 432 cases (75.8%). The mean age of patients was 40.77 years while the age range was 19-79 years. About three-quarters of leiomyomas are removed in the age-group 31-50. There was no correlation between the number of nodules removed and the age of the patient. The next second most common spindle cell tumor seen was malignant mixed mullerian tumour. Eleven cases were seen in the study period, The average age was 57.7 years. The age range of cases was 27-72 years.
Conclusions: Our study supports the general observation that leiomyomas commonly cause symptoms in the reproductive age group and that most patients with leiomyoma frequently have more than one nodule. Our study further reinforces the widely established knowledge that MMMT is found in older post-menopausal women and can occasionally be seen in younger pre-menopausal women.
Risk factors associated with post cesarean surgical site wound infection in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Zaman Mustafa Abrar , Kuragama Kuragamage Dona Prabuddhi Thiloka , Daher Maria Elie , Das Tripti Rani , Pervin Hasna Hena
Published: September 2023

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in hospitals. Surgical site infections are a common complication after a caesarean section (C-section) and mainly responsible for increased maternal mortality and morbidity, the dissatisfaction of patients, longer hospital stays as well as higher treatment costs.
Methods: This prospective cohort study at Bangladesh's Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university included 400 women (247 emergency CS, 153 elective CS) from September 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected through consent, medical record reviews, and questionnaires. SSI risk factors were assessed, and wound examinations were conducted before discharge. STATA 14.0 was used for analysis. Participants were educated about SSI symptoms and monitored for 30 days post-operation.
Results: Nulliparous individuals were more common in the emergency CS group (61.5% vs. 32% in Elective CS). Ruptured membranes were higher in emergency CS (71.7% vs. 2.6% in elective CS). Prophylactic antibiotic usage differed significantly (88.7% in emergency CS vs. 3.9% in elective CS). Post-discharge wound infections were more prevalent in emergency CS (10.53% vs. 2.61% in elective CS). No significant differences were found in other parameters. High-risk factors included BMI >30 and operation time ≥45 min.
Conclusion: SSI rates may be underestimated with limited hospital observation. Prolonged operation times (>38 min) and high BMI (>30) significantly increased SSI risk. Identifying high-risk subgroups and administering antibiotics accordingly can help prevent SSI and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
The effect of letrozole vs clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in patients of infertility with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Basarakod Santosh S. , Bharadwaj Meenakshi , V. Pruthvi Raj , N. Chaitra
Published: September 2023

Background: The overall prevalence of primary infertility in India is 3.9% to 16.8%. PCOS being a recognized cause of infertility, affects 8 to 13% of all reproductive-age women. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is most commonly used as first line drug for ovulation induction. CC is selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and has adverse effect on cervical mucus and endometrial receptivity resulting in low pregnancy rates. Letrozole an aromatase inhibitor is considered as better alternative drug due to its benefits over CC. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the effect of letrozole and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with PCOS and compare the pregnancy rates.
Methods: This is a hospital based randomized controlled study conducted on 89 patients at Armed forces medical college in western Maharashtra from June 2019 to May 22. Women with infertility due to PCOS attending OPD/IPD who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups through computer generated randomization and Group A of 45 subjects received letrozole for ovulation induction while Group B with 44 subjects received clomiphene citrate (CC). Data was analyzed and comparison among the study groups was done with the help of unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The number of mature follicles after treatment was significantly greater in clomiphene citrate group (1.59 ± 1.04) as compared to letrozole (1.02 ± 0.76). However, there was statistically significant greater mono ovulation with letrozole (55.2% vs 40.3%, p=0.03). After ovulation induction, the mean endometrial thickness was significantly greater in letrozole group as compared to CC (9.85±2.32 mm vs. 8.45±1.53 mm; p<0.05). Ovulation rate with letrozole was 42.5% vs 32.5% and pregnancy rate was letrozole 20% vs CC 7.5% which was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Letrozole is a better drug for ovulation induction in women with PCOS with an ovulatory cycles as pregnancy rates are higher and lesser chance of multiple pregnancy.
Predictive and prognostic significance of placental growth factor in pregnant women at high-risk for development of preeclampsia
Authors: Meena Jyoti , Dhiman Soniya , Singh Archana , Vanamail Perumal , Singhal Seema
Published: September 2023

Background: The study aimed to assess the predictive and prognostic role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in high-risk antenatal women for development of preeclampsia (PE).
Methods: In this observational cohort study, antenatal women with gestation age from 20 to 32 weeks with high risk for development of PE were included. Serum PlGF was estimated by sandwich ELISA technique. A p-value of less than .05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 286 high-risk women were analysed for development of PE and obstetric outcomes. Of these 97/286 (34%) developed PE and 62/286 (21.7%) had abnormal PlGF value ( 100 pg/ml). Among the women with abnormal PIGF, 48 (77.4%) developed PE and out of 224 women with normal PIGF level, 49 (21.9%) developed PE resulting in a significant (p<0.001) odds ratio of 12.2 (95% CI: 6.0-25.9). For prediction of PE, a sensitivity and specificity of more than 75% at a cut-off value of <204.5 pg/ml was observed by ROC curve analysis. For prediction of preterm delivery (<34 weeks), a sensitivity and specificity of 65% was observed at a cut-off value of PlGF 191.7 pg/ml. Obstetric complications like eclampsia, preterm births (<34 weeks), neonate with low 5-minute APGAR score, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, still-births and neonatal intensive care unit admissions all were significantly higher in abnormal PlGF group compared with normal PlGF group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Serum PlGF levels can provide valuable information for the prediction of PE and preterm births and abnormal PlGF values showed a significant association with adverse obstetrical outcomes.
Study of knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception among the married women of reproductive age group in rural area
Authors: Melkani Deepshikha , Jain Nikita , Masand Deepa
Published: September 2023

Background: More than 40% of pregnancies worldwide are unintended leading to either an unplanned birth or unsafe abortions and maternal morbidity. India, being the most populous country, have an inherent requirement of knowing KAP of contraception among women of reproductive age to prevent unplanned pregnancies, so as to achieve optimal pregnancy outcome.
Methods: A descriptive type of observational cross sectional study, involving 400 women within 18-45 year age group, were interviewed regarding KAP for various contraceptive methods.
Results: Statistical analysis of data was done by using chi-square technique. Majority (82.5%) in our study had heard of contraception. In our group, 66.36% had fair knowledge, 31.21% had poor knowledge and 2.42% had good knowledge. Age, education, parity, age at marriage, association of these factors were statistically not significant. Majority (86.06%) had a negative attitude towards contraception because of rural background. Only Age (>20) was found to statistically significant for attitude towards contraception. Our study showed 43.25 % women were currently using contraceptive method, where tubal ligation was most common. Socio-demographic factors like age, education status, age at marriage were found to be statistically significant with practice or usage of contraception.
Conclusions: Our study reveals that despite of fair knowledge, majority of women had negative attitude towards contraception, mainly due to rural setup, ignorance, shy nature and family pressure. Despite of fair knowledge about contraceptive methods, there usage is low. Thus, there is need for aggressive advocacy about female reproductive health with dissemination of information about family planning methods among reproductive female.
Fetomaternal outcome in patients of decreased fetal movements after thirty-four weeks of gestation
Authors: Majumdar Anamika , Mallick Kallol , Patel Dhaval , Shah Shikha , Padaya Tasmiya , Vasava Ravina
Published: September 2023

Background: Maternal perception of decreased fetal movements is a cause of concern and common reason for visits to the antenatal clinic or delivery room. Several studies have shown that a reduction or cessation of fetal movements may result in poor pregnancy outcome and magnified increased risks of serious perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim and objectives were to determine the correlation between decreased daily fetal movement counts, NST, USG and Colour Doppler with maternal and fetal outcome.
Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology at Surat municipal institute medical education and research medical college from January 2020 to June 2021.
Results: The study group consisted of 83 patients between 34 to 40 weeks of gestation with Decreased fetal movements. 60.24% patients belonged to age group between 21-25 years. 60.22% patients were multigravida.87.95% patients were full term, 59.09% patients presented between 12-24 hours of duration with complain of decreased fetal movements. In view of NST results, 72.29% patients had reactive-NST. In ultrasonography, 27.10% had AFI <5 cm and 72.90% had AFI >5 cm & all patients had normal color Doppler study.  60 patients had induced labor. 68.67% patients delivered vaginally. 42.10% of vaginal deliveries, 80% of Instrumental vaginal deliveries and 75% of LSCS had Meconium-stained liquor. 81.92% babies had APGAR score of >7 at birth. 84.33% had birth weight more than 2.5 kg 68.18% babies were admitted in NICU due to Meconium aspiration syndrome, followed by respiratory distress syndrome in 18.18% and birth asphyxia in 13.63% babies.
Conclusions: Decreased fetal movement is a frequently occurring antenatal presentation, associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Daily fetal movement counts are very effective, cheap and reliable method to diagnose fetal compromise early. Methods like NST, USG and Colour Doppler study are helpful in the identification of causes and timely management of the patient with decreased fetal movements and helpful to diagnose the fetus at risk and their timely delivery.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy- case series done in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kaundinya Aditi , Pawde Anuya , Sudharani G. , Gopal Sriram , More Mayuri
Published: September 2023

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) also known as obstetric cholestasis is a liver disorder of pregnancy which is characterised by maternal pruritus usually in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased incidence of adverse fetal outcomes and usually complete resolution of symptoms post-delivery. The etiology of ICP is complex and multifactorial as is the mechanism by which fetal complications occur which is yet not completely understood. The introduction of ursodeoxycholic acid in the management of ICP has provided significant improvement in maternal symptoms as well as fetal outcome. We present a case series of 5 cases of obstetric cholestasis which presented in our tertiary care hospital which could possibly help and guide obstetricians in the future who are dealing with dilemma in diagnosis and management of this condition.
Placental abruption at 18 weeks of gestation: a rare case report
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Gupta Aakriti , Gupta Ranjana
Published: September 2023

Placental abruption is one of several notable obstetrical entities that may be complicated by massive and sometimes torrential hemorrhage. Hypovolemic shock is caused by maternal blood loss. Delayed or incomplete treatment of hypovolemia with severe placental abruption can cause acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Placental abruption is most commonly seen after 24 weeks of pregnancy and it is very rare before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Here, we report a case of life-threatening placental abruption at 18 weeks of gestation.
Antegrade biliary stenting following surgical management of choledocholithiasis
Authors: Masudi Faisal A. , Arish Hussain
Published: September 2023

Background: T-tube drainage of the common bile duct following bile duct exploration has been standard surgical practice for most of the past century. An important drawback of surgical duct exploration and clearance over ERCP is the need for prolonged external biliary drainage via T-tubes and consequently added morbidity. As such interest grew in reassessing the need for T-tube drainage after CBD Exploration. This was especially augmented by increased popularity of laparoscopic CBD exploration at the time of cholecystectomy which could provide a solution to both problems in a single sitting.
Methods: This is a prospective observational study. We present a series of 31 cases of open and laparoscopic bile duct exploration where we closed the choledochotomy over an endo-biliary stent which was subsequently removed endoscopically, thus obviating external biliary drainage. 
Results: In this study 31 patients undergoing CBD exploration at our institution between January 2017 and August 2018 were included after informed consent. These patients underwent primary closure of the CBD over an endobiliary stent without any T-tube. The mean age of the patients was 42 years (36-57 yrs). 19 of the patients were female and 12 were male. The average operating time was 135 min (120-150 min) for open surgery and 160 min (140-170 min) for laparoscopic cases. The average number of days of hospitalization was 5 in laparoscopic cases (4-14 days) and 7 in open surgical cases (6-12 days). The median follow up of patients was up to 18moths years (8 mths-2 yrs). There were no cases of bilioma/intra-abdominal collections requiring drainage. On long term follow up we could not find any clinical/laboratory evidence of development of biliary strictures.
Conclusions: Endobiliary stenting after open or laparoscopic bile duct exploration is a safe and attractive option for biliary drainage with many advantages over T-tube and can be achieved with minimal additional skill and operative time.
A retrospective single centre study on histopathological analysis of cholecystectomy specimens in a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Degloorkar Sarang , Parab Sanjay , Shah Bimal , Prasad Sunita , Gore Shivanjali
Published: September 2023

Background: Gall bladder carcinoma is the 5th most common gastrointestinal malignancy which has a poor 5-year survival rate, carrying dismal prognosis. Diagnosing chronic cholecystitis from gall bladder cancer is challenging. Early detection of gall bladder carcinoma allows for the possibility of radical resection surgery, which has been shown to increase patient survival.
Methods: A retrospective histopathological analysis was conducted at a tertiary care centre to evaluate the incidence of gall bladder carcinoma. A total of 1728 cholecystectomy samples were evaluated from all age groups for a period of 6 years.
Results: Chronic cholecystitis was the most common impression on histopathological analysis, showing females have high predominance of developing gall bladder disease including malignancy. The incidence of gall bladder carcinoma was found to be 0.46 % with 8 cases of adenocarcinoma diagnosed, which were not diagnosed preoperatively.
Conclusions: If missed, gall bladder cancer can progress rapidly and has a significant fatality risk if it is not detected in time. We conclude that all histopathology specimens be sent for routine analysis, to rule out gall bladder cancer, which if resected early can improve the survival of the patients.
Clinical study of stoma closure: its complications and management
Authors: Modi Jenish Vijaykumar , Suthar Niki , Trivedi Mitesh
Published: September 2023

Background: A stoma is a surgically formed exteriorization of the ileum or colon to the anterior surface of wall of abdomen. There are various reasons for the formation of fecal stoma then the most common reasons comprise blunt abdominal trauma, carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease. Formation of stoma can disturb the individual equally psychologically and physically. In accumulation, complications during stoma are very common.
Methods: The study was carried out in 50 patients between June 2021 to November 2022. All the patients who undergone stoma closure and fulfilled inclusion criteria were taken as study population. Patients of all age groups undergone stoma closure for non-malignant condition were included in the study. Stoma closure of the patients who were operated for malignancy, tuberculosis and inflammatory bowel disease were not included in the study. This study population were observed for different complications, complications in different techniques and complications in different stoma closure interval.
Results: Less post operatively complications were seen in early stoma closure and Intraoperatively by using direct stoma closure technique. By using the subcutaneous drain placement, we can reduce chances of wound infection and wound dehiscence.
Conclusions: Postoperative complication in stoma closure can be reduced by adapting proper technique and doing closure at appropriate time interval.
A study to assess post operative complications of hybrid approach with video assisted thoracoscopic surgery in locally advanced carcinoma oesophagus
Authors: Amaravathy Sivasankar , Banu Khamar J. , Muthu Ponchidambaram , Durairajan Somasekar Ramalingam , Kumar Dinesh
Published: September 2023

Background: Despite improvement in the overall survival of patients with carcinoma oesophagus, the morbidity caused by therapeutic interventions is high. The thoracic incision contributes the most to the morbidity with higher pulmonary complications. The minimally invasive and hybrid procedures reduce post-operative morbidities and have similar oncological outcomes compared to open procedures.
Methods: Forty patients were included in the study for a period of two years. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a hybrid procedure of VATS oesophagectomy, and laparotomy for the creation of conduit and cervical anastomosis. The patient demographics, tumour characteristics, and intra-operative and post-operative outcomes were analysed.
Results: The overall post-operative morbidity was seen in 35% of the patients. Pulmonary complications were noted in 22% of the patients. Oesophagogastric anastomotic leak was seen in two (5%) patients. Mortality was seen in two patients.
Conclusions: A minimally invasive approach has been shown to significantly reduce post-operative morbidity. The pulmonary and cardiac complications that are responsible for morbidity and mortality in oesophageal surgeries are significantly lower with minimally invasive and hybrid procedures.
Burow’s triangle advancement flap: a reliable oncoplastic surgery for upper/upper inner quadrant breast cancer
Authors: El Dahshasn Mohamed Ebrahim , Abdulhameid Elnemr Ayman
Published: September 2023

The oncologic outcome of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is equivalent to mastectomy, when free margins are achieved and adjuvant radiotherapy of the operated breast is applied. Oncoplastic breast conserving techniques combine two aspects:  oncological safety with a resection of the tumor with free margins and optimal aesthetic aspects. The modified Burow’s triangle advancement flap for upper/upper Inner quadrant breast cancer is a safe and effective technique to manage tumors at this complex location. It provides adequate oncological margins, good cosmetic results, and contralateral symmetry, with complication rates similar to those of standard conservative surgery.
Synchronous colorectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Manalu Ester Puti Andyni , Petrus Gunadi
Published: September 2023

Synchronous colorectal cancer (CRCs) refers to more than 1 primary CRCs detected in a single patient simultaneously or within 6 months of the initial diagnosis. A 76-year-old men presented with persistent constipation since 1 month ago. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an irregular mass in the right lower middle abdomen. Intraoperatively, the synchronous CRCs was found, therefore a subtotal colectomy was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Synchronous CRCs is relatively rare. The CT can detect tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging of colon cancer. Extensive resection was performed taking into account the patients preferences, number and location of tumors and postoperative plan. Surgeons should be familiar with all standard colorectal tumor surgical procedures, to avoid technical difficulties when surgical plans are changed for incidentaloma resection. Failure to identify synchronous colorectal carcinoma before surgery can lead to inadequate therapeutic procedures.
Angiomyxoma of thigh in a young lady: rare presentation
Authors: Singh L. Gopisingh , Sulthana Reshmi , A. M. Adarsha , Ramavath Krishna , B. Harikrishna
Published: September 2023

Angiomyxoma is a rare tumor that typically occurs in the perineum in women of reproductive age. It is very rare to present in the subcutaneous plane at thigh region in a young female. Angiomyxoma belongs to one group of myxomas tumors. They occur at various locations such as heart, bones, skin subcutaneous and aponeurotic tissues, urogenital tract and skeletal muscles. These tumors are characterized by having abundant mucoid and myxoid extracellular matrix. Angio myxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor in approximately in 95% cases. The incidence is reported as varying from 0.1 to 0.13 per 100,000 population. These tumors are encompassing a broad spectrum of clinical behavior ranging from benign to malignant. Most of these tumors located in intramuscular plane and in our case the tumor located in the subcutaneous plane and presented in a young lady. We have done wide local excision for that tumor and came out as cutaneous angiomyxoma of thigh. We are concluding that due to these tumors having broad spectrum of clinical behavior as well as high rate of recurrence, preoperatively thoroughly investigated to rule out the soft tissue sarcomatous conditions as well as to plan exact mode of treatment.
Amyand’s hernia-an unusual presentation of mucocele of appendix within inguinal hernia
Authors: Shahade Ambrish , Fernandes Arun , Shahade Arati , Phalgune Deepak
Published: September 2023

Presence of an appendix within an inguinal hernial sac is a rare form of inguinal hernia with an appendix involved and may become incarcerated. The incidence of a normal appendix in hernial sac varies from 0.5% to 1%. Only in 0.13% of the cases, appendicitis was reported. We present a rare variant of Amyand’s hernia containing mucocele of the appendix, which has not yet been reported in literature. An appendectomy was done under spinal anaesthesia. An Onlay mesh repair was performed. Patient made an uneventful recovery.
Evaluation of hematological and biochemical factors of hypertension during the induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Saha Mousumi , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub , Soma Shahinoor Akter , Kaes M. Imrul
Published: September 2023

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent childhood cancer, accounting for approximately 25% of all pediatric cancer cases. The incidence of hypertension in ALL patients is significantly higher compared to the general pediatric population, emphasizing the need for a better understanding and management of this condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate hematological and biochemical factors of hypertension during the induction of chemotherapy for childhood ALL.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at BSMMU from July 2017 to June 2018. The study included 93 newly diagnosed cases of ALL in children aged 1 to 17.9 years, excluding those below 1 year and above 18 years, known cases of hypertension, patients with pre-existing hypertension before chemotherapy, and old or relapse cases of ALL.
Results: The study found that 17.2% of the study population experienced renal derangement during the induction remission phase, while the majority (82.8%) did not. The presence of renal derangement was not significantly associated with hypertension. However, patients who developed tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) had a higher percentage (12.5%) of hypertension compared to the non-hypertensive group (1.3%). Febrile neutropenia, convulsion, and coagulopathy were also observed in patients who developed hypertension more frequently. The median time to detect hypertension during induction chemotherapy was on day 8, with a mean duration of 13.6 days.
Conclusions: In this study, hypertension is observed in 17.2% of patients during induction chemotherapy for ALL with higher frequency in the second week and associations with tumor lysis syndrome, febrile neutropenia, convulsion, and coagulopathy.
Pediatric thoracic injuries-experience in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kundu Tanusree , Ghosh Arindam
Published: September 2023

Background: Isolated thoracic injury in children is not rare. Common modes of injury are blunt injury. As in children the chest wall is more compliant and the thickness of the subcutaneous and muscular layers is reduced, blunt trauma causes increased level of energy transmission leading to more chances of internal organ injuries whereas penetrating injury directly cause fatal injury to those vital organs causing significant mortality. In this study we are sharing our experience of managing isolated thoracic injuries in a tertiary trauma care centre with an encouraging outcome.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of pediatric surgery in NRS medical college and hospital, Kolkata during January 2019 to December 2021.
Results: Total no of cases with isolated thoracic injuries are 83 (Boys 50, girls 33). 64 children were treated conservatively and 19 required surgical intervention. 40% patients were between 2-6 years. Among the cases blunt trauma (82%), penetrating trauma (12%) and other mode of injuries (6%) have been noted which includes diaphragmatic rupture (2), bilateral hemothorax (2), unilateral hemothorax (10), pneumothorax (4), flail chest (2), isolated rib and clavicle injury (20), subcutaneous emphysema (4), tracheal injury (1), esophageal injury (1) and retained foreign body (3). Total 7 children required ventilatory support.
Conclusions: Management of isolated thoracic injury is done mostly by conservative management and few require intercostal drain placement. Thoracotomy is required rarely. Postoperative ventillatory support is also an important factor for managing such patients.