bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fábrica de embutidos de Segovia: diagramas y matbuildings
Authors: Verdasco Angel
Published: June 2017

La fábrica de embutidos “El Acueducto” es uno de los edificios organicistas más perturbadores y enigmáticos del organicismo madrileño y además casi un caso aislado, pues los arquitectos de esa corriente apenas trabajaron la tipología fabril. Realizada por el arquitecto Curro Inza, es un edificio de difícil explicación y desconcertante en su forma ¿Por qué hizo esta fábrica tan inexplicable? ¿Qué claves esconde este proyecto? ¿Cómo llego a ese resultado final? Este texto explica cómo dentro de la arquitectura del autor, el de Segovia es el final de una serie y el mejor  ejemplo de los proyectos “aditivos” de Inza, pudiendo ser calificado como un matbuilding. El acceso por vez primera vez al archivo personal del arquitecto ha permitido disponer de un material inédito hasta ahora, pudiendo mostrar cuál fue el proceso de gestión y encargo de la fábrica, y las distintas versiones (jamás publicadas) que realizó el autor hasta llegar al resultado final construido. Es BIC desde 2013.
Decorative Systems of Industrial Buildings: a foray into uncharted regions
Authors: Föhl Axel
Published: June 2017

This article is a reprint of the original published in the journal Ezelsoren, Bulletin of the Institute of History of Art, Architecture and Urbanism (IHAAU) of the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). It appeared in Volume III, Number 3, 2012 and is, as indicated in the text, a sample of how far "the very extensive number of buildings constructed since the beginning of  industrialization in relation to many technical purposes, from railway stations to slaughterhouses, from power plants to coal mines, haven´t been  sufficiently studied in relation to their ornamental and sculptural systems, which in turn represent the reaction of the arts to the course of technological development.” An artistic material still largely unexplored whose wealth is  waiting to be unveiled as an eloquent field of interpretation of the past.
RESISTENSI Klebsiella sp TERHADAP MEROPENEM DI RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO PURWOKERTO
Authors: Afifah Afifah , Purwonegoro Tunggul Adi , Peramiarti IDSAP
Published: June 2017

Resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Klebsiella sp., has become a serious problem in hospitals as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections spread through urine catheterization. Infections of Klebsiella sp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) can lead to significant economic and clinical negative outcome. This study was aimed to determine the sensitivity of ESBL Klebsiella sp. against meropenem as a cause of nosocomial infections in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo hospital. This research obtained urine samples from the urinary catheter of patients hospitalized for at least two days in the surgical ward and intensive care unit. ESBL examination conducted by the initial screen test, meanwhile, sensitivity test to meropenem done by using disk diffusion test. Among the 40 patients examined in this study 7.5% isolates were Klebsiella sp-positive. This research identified five percent of the total patients as ESBL positive with the level of sensitivity against meropenem was revealed as resistant.
Development of Sliding Mode Controller for A Modified Boost Cuk Converter Configuration
Authors: Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Ozsoy Emre , Fedák Viliam
Published: June 2017

This paper introduces a sliding mode control (SMC) based equivalent control method to a novel high output gain Cuk converter. An additional inductor and capacitor improves the efficiency and output gain of the classical Cuk converter. Classical PI controllers are widely used in DC-DC converters. However, it is a very challenging task to design a single PI controller operating in different load and disturbances. SMC based equivalent control method which achieves a robust operation in a wide operation range is also proposed. Switching frequency is kept constant in appropriate interval in different loading and disturbance conditions by implementing a dynamic hysteresis control method. Numerical simulations conducted on Matlab/Simulink confirm the accuracy of analytical analysis of high output gain modified Cuk converter. In addition, proposed equivalent control method is validated in different perturbations to demonstrate the robust operation in wide operation range.
PENATAAN VARIETAS TEBU, SALAH SATU STRATEGI PENTING DALAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI GULA NASIONAL
Authors: Ardana I Ketut , Soetopo Deciyanto , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Published: June 2017

National sugar production of Indonesia was relatively stagnant in the period of (2010-2014) it’s about 2,5 milion ton, due to low produktivity and sugar rendement as well as a big constrain on sugarcane extensification program. Cropping patern arrangement of sugarcane varieties is very important for increasing sugarcane productivity and rendement, to achieve self sufficiency in sugar production and consumption. The proportion of suitable varieties planting in sugarcane areas is unideal, tend to be excesive for late varieties. Principally, landscapping of sugarcane varieties is planting superior varieties of sugarcane (highly productivity and rendement) which appropriate to planting system, maturity character, harvesting time and processing of sugar in sugar manufacture to gain maximum yield. In Indonesia case for period of 2015-2019, the superior varieties should be choosed which having potencial produktivity > 90 ton per ha and rendement > 9 %, for all maturity group of varieties (early, moderate and late), which suitable for areas development of sugarcane. The important step in the near future are (1). Mapping and determining available superior varieties of sugarcane which suitable for planting at the time periods, (2) Producing seeds of superior varieties, (3) Developing areas of sugarcane, intensification of sugarcane cultivation and developing good management of sugarcane manufacture (PG), (4) Supporting research for producing the most superior sugarcane varieties which are more than superior varieties available in Indonesia at the moment., (5) Highly commitment of all stakeholder to apply the program of cropping patern arrangement for sugarcane varieties in all development areas.
Feed Intake Patterns and Immediate Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses of Horses Following Ingestion of Different Quantities of Starch From Oat, Barley and Grains
Authors: Zeyner Annette , Romanowski Kristin , Orgis Aileen , Vernunft Andreas , Gottschalk Jutta , Einspanier Almuth , Koeller Gabor , Wensch-Dorendorf Monika
Published: June 2017

Background:

Relevant literature indicate that more than 0.8 g starch/kg body weight from compounded feed composed of different starch sources induces disproportionate glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in horses.

Objective:

It should be investigated whether crushed oats, barley and maize also cause a disproportionate increase in plasma glucose and insulin when fed as the only concentrate in quantities equal to and above 0.8 g starch/kg body weight.

Method:

Four mares received hay plus oats, barley and maize, respectively, in quantities equal to 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 g starch/kg body weight. At the test days, chewing parameters were detected and blood sampled before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the concentrate meal. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured and areas under the curve were calculated.

Results:

Maize was ingested particularly slowly (dry matter basis; P < 0.05), but glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were particularly low (starch basis; P < 0.05). In general, the glycaemic responses were highest with 1 g starch/kg body weight (P < 0.05). The quantity of starch had no effect on the insulinaemic response (P > 0.05). A defined increase in plasma glucose induced the highest insulinaemic response with oat grains.

Conclusion:

Oats and barley are ingested faster and induce higher glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than maize. Until 120 min postprandial, elevated quantities of starch from these grains seem to induce no disproportionate or at least linear increase of plasma glucose and insulin. The insulinaemic response to a defined increase of plasma glucose is particularly pronounced with oats.
Students’ Scientific Circle of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Polishchuk Ivan
Published: June 2017

The students’ scientific circle is the kind of teaching obstetrics and gynaecology in a higher medical institution. The circle is an elective form of learning that allows the students to get deeper knowledge of a subject and to perfect themselves in the issues of diagnostics in obstetrics and gynaecology as well as to acquaint themselves with basic medical techniques. It helps identify students who are capable of scientific research and allows the students to improve their ability to analytical perception of professional information, the ability to present it to the audience, ask and answer the questions publicly. The article presents the results of practical and research activities of obstetric and gynaecologic section of the students’ scientific circle of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.
The 3M National Teaching Fellowship: Findings from a National Questionnaire on the Impact of the Program
Authors: Ahmad Arshad , Stockley Denise , Smith Ron , Hastings Amber
Published: June 2017

In 2016 the 3M National Teaching Fellowship reached a milestone in celebrating the 30th anniversary of the first fellowship in 1986. The fellowship is the premier award of the Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education and each year up to 10 fellows are announced. Thus far, there has not been a systematic review or evaluation of the fellowship program. This study is a starting point to engage the various stakeholders and gather their perspectives regarding the fellowship program. This paper highlights the findings of a national questionnaire that targeted 3M National Teaching Fellows, administrators, educational developers, faculty, and students. The findings provide a snapshot of the awareness of the fellowship, the impact of fellows on their institutions and beyond, and recommendations for the future of the program.
One Week, Many Ripples: Measuring the Impacts of the Fall Reading Week on Student Stress
Authors: Poole Heather , Khan Ayesha , Agnew Michael
Published: June 2017

More and more Canadian post-secondary institutions are introducing a fall break into their term calendars. In 2015, a full week fall break was introduced at our university in order to enhance academic performance and improve mental health amongst students. Our interdisciplinary team surveyed undergraduate students at our university about their experience of the fall break, collected standardized measures of experienced stressors and perceptions of stress before and after the break, and hosted several focus groups to develop a detailed narrative of students’ experience. Stress can also be assessed through non-invasive hormone measures. We collected saliva samples to profile metabolic hormones, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), from first-year male engineering students in order to document possible changes in their stress levels before and after the week-long break. This group was compared to male engineering students at a similar university that does not hold a fall break. Students exhibited a lower ratio of cortisol to DHEA after a fall break than those that did not experience a break. Our survey results indicate that the majority of students thought the fall break was a positive experience. However, self-reports of stress show a more complex picture, with many students reporting increased perceived stress after the break. Additionally, a portion of students reported that the fall break was a negative experience. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind to use a mixed-methods approach to examine the impacts of a fall break.
Rethinking Rhetorical Theory, Criticism, and Pedagogy: The Living Art of Michael C. Leff
Authors: Hyra Curtis , Scott Blake , Tindale Christopher W.
Published: June 2017

Book Review
THE NORMATIVE STANDING OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE: AN ARGUMENT FROM NONDOMINATION
Authors: Lucy William
Published: June 2017

After elucidating and defending an account of access to justice that is consistent with most uses of that notion in academic and policy discourse, this essay examines some arguments that attempt to show the value of access to justice. It shows that one such argument (from non-domination) does a better job of illustrating access to justice’s normative significance than two frequently invoked competitors (the arguments from the rule of law and equality). In an era in which access to justice seems genuinely in peril, it is vital to appreciate the normative cost of its restriction or denial.
PRAXIS AND THE INTERNATIONAL (HUMAN RIGHTS) LAW SCHOLAR: TOWARD THE INTENSIFICATION OF TWAILIAN DRAMATURGY
Authors: Okafor Obiora Chinedu
Published: June 2017

The article critically reflects on the role of the TWAILian international (human rights) law scholar in the socio-economic and political struggles which take place outside the academe; focusing, for the most part, on our role as scholars in advancing struggles in favour of subaltern Third World peoples from within or in concert with international institutions and various kinds of what I will refer to in this paper as “on-the-ground” activist groups (such as social movements and NGOs). The article begins by examining some of the various ideas and conceptions of praxis, so as to be clear from the outset as to the sense in which that key term is used in this context. The question of the ends or goals for which we do praxis is also discussed at this point. The discussion then moves on to the important question of what it means to enact TWAIL praxis and to do so within or in relation to international institutions or “on-the-ground” groups, and a conceptual/normative framework for such activity is offered. The paper then focuses on a relatively brief analysis of some of the experiences that the author has had as a TWAILian international (human rights) law scholar who has also been closely engaged in some way with international institutions and on-the-ground groups. Following this, a reflection on the promise and perils of such close engagement with this kind of praxis is offered. The article ends with some concluding remarks.
SPLITTING TWAIL?
Authors: Galindo George R.B.
Published: June 2017

Periodizations are political acts. They produce temporalities that do not necessarily coincide with chronology. TWAIL (Third World Approaches to International Law) scholars have generally endorsed the division of TWAIL into two generations. Whereas TWAIL I was composed by scholars that thought and wrote about international law during the decolonization process, TWAIL II began at the end of the 1990s. Although there are common features between the generations, a number of differences are also identified and emphasized by TWAIL II scholars. In this article, I advance the argument that such periodization is problematic for four reasons: anachronism, progressivism, a difficult self-identification of past third world legal scholars with TWAIL and the image made of TWAIL by non-TWAILers. Instead of periodizing TWAIL in two successive generations, I argue that identifying it as part of a larger tradition of third world international legal scholarship is more productive for the inner coherence of the intellectual movement and, consequently, for its success in the international legal academia.
Aplicación de técnicas de balanceo de línea para equilibrar las cargas de trabajo en el área de almacenaje de una bodega de almacenamiento.
Authors: Peña Orozco Diego Leon
Published: June 2017

Hoy en día el manejo de las bodegas de almacenamiento de una empresa industrial se ha convertido en centros enfocados al servicio, donde el personal por lo general realiza tareas como: recibir productos de clientes internos, inspeccionar y clasificar, recoger, almacenar y preparar los productos para su despacho y posteriormente enviarlos a los clientes o consumidor final. En este sentido una de las problemáticas más frecuentes es la de asegurar un balance óptimo de la línea para que el flujo sea continuo y uniforme, buscando aumentar la velocidad del proceso, aumentar la productividad, disminuir tiempos de espera y costos operativos.
Relación dinámica entre la Glucosa Intersticial y la Glucosa Plasmática Usando Modelos Matemáticos del tipo Entrada - Salida
Authors: Lema Pérez Angela María , García Tirado José Fernando , Lema Pérez Laura
Published: June 2017

La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (T1DM por sus siglas en inglés) es una enfermedad autoinmune que afecta a gran cantidad de la población mundial. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza porque el páncreas ya no es capaz de producir la hormona insulina la cual es necesaria para la captación de energía de la mayoría de las células del cuerpo humano. Uno de los avances que se plantean actualmente para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad es por medio de un sistema de control automático de glucosa en sangre denominado páncreas artificial. Este sistema usa un monitor continuo de glucosa (CGM, por sus siglas en inglés) y una bomba de insulina que actúa por órdenes de un sistema de control. El CGM toma mediciones en el tejido intersticial abdominal cada 5 min lo que plantea un retardo con respecto a la glucosa plasmática que es la variable controlada. Este retardo es el causante de varios de los problemas de los sistemas de control que actualmente se plantean. En este estudio se pretende relacionar ambas mediciones a través de un modelo matemático de primer orden, en el cual la glucosa plasmática es la entrada y la glucosa intersticial es la salida. El modelo fue identificado, a partir datos reales de un paciente, mediante la curva de reacción. Los parámetros ,  y  del modelo, fueron ajustados comparando los parámetros calculados en seis modelos identificados, logrando llegar a un único modelo que relaciona matemáticamente ambas mediciones de glucosa.
De un Modelo Ondulatorio a un Modelo Difusivo: convergencia puntual de soluciones
Authors: Cordero Ceballos Juan Carlos , Pinilla Estupiñan Ricardo , Pinilla Estupiñan Ricardo
Published: June 2017

Consideramos el modelo lineal con coeficientes  constantes para las vibraciones transversales de una cuerda elástica en ausencia de fuerzas externas, también asociado al problema de una línea de transmisión sin disipación. Probaremos que para cierto tipo de datos iniciales las soluciones de dicho modelo se aproximan puntualmente a la solución de la ecuación de onda o bien a la solución de la ecuación del calor, dependiendo de la elección del parámetro limite. Estos son  los limites no viscoso y de densidad cero respectivamente. Como consecuencia, podemos decir que los modelos clásicos ondulatorio y difusivo se conectan vía la ecuación del telégrafo.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS MODELOS ACTUALES DE GESTIÓN GERENCIAL, EN LAS GRANDES EMPRESAS INDUSTRIALES DE PEREIRA Y DOSQUEBRADAS EN EL CONTEXTO ACTUAL DE LA ECONOMIA PERIODO 2013 – 2014
Authors: Mosquera rodas Jhon Jairo , Hernández Villanueva Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo trata sobre la descripción de los modelos actuales de gestión gerencial en las grandes empresas industriales de Pereira y Dosquebradas en el contexto actual de la economía, periodo 2013- 2014. Para darle un contexto actual y real a la investigación, se partió de un marco que resume los modelos más comúnmente utilizados por las compañías, entre otros: planeación estratégica, calidad total, Kaizen, justo a tiempo, outsourcing, etc. También se toman en cuenta las primeras escuelas de administración, la importancia del estudio de tiempos de Taylor, que partió de lo particular a lo general en el tema administrativo, al contrario de Fayol, que definió  lo general hacia lo particular, con su división del trabajo, unidad de mando y todo el tema organizacional.  Luego se toma un breve contexto económico nacional y por último un análisis de la región Pereira y Dosquebradas.
Targeted Metabolomics Demonstrates Distinct and Overlapping Maternal Metabolites Associated With BMI, Glucose, and Insulin Sensitivity During Pregnancy Across Four Ancestry Groups
Authors: Jacob Saya , Nodzenski Michael , Reisetter Anna C. , Bain James R. , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Stevens Robert D. , Ilkayeva Olga R. , Lowe Lynn P. , Metzger Boyd E. , Newgard Christopher B. , Scholtens Denise M. , Lowe William L.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

We used targeted metabolomics in pregnant mothers to compare maternal metabolite associations with maternal BMI, glycemia, and insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Targeted metabolomic assays of clinical metabolites, amino acids, and acylcarnitines were performed on fasting and 1-h postglucose serum samples from European ancestry, Afro-Caribbean, Thai, and Mexican American mothers (400 from each ancestry group) who participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at ∼28 weeks gestation.

RESULTS

K-means clustering, which identified patterns of metabolite levels across ancestry groups, demonstrated that, at both fasting and 1-h, levels of the majority of metabolites were similar across ancestry groups. Meta-analyses demonstrated association of a broad array of fasting and 1-h metabolites, including lipids and amino acids and their metabolites, with maternal BMI, glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity before and after adjustment for the different phenotypes. At fasting and 1 h, a mix of metabolites was identified that were common across phenotypes or associated with only one or two phenotypes. Partial correlation estimates, which allowed comparison of the strength of association of different metabolites with maternal phenotypes, demonstrated that metabolites most strongly associated with different phenotypes included some that were common across as well as unique to each phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal BMI and glycemia have metabolic signatures that are both shared and unique to each phenotype. These signatures largely remain consistent across different ancestry groups and may contribute to the common and independent effects of these two phenotypes on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
ENTERPRISE COMPETITIVE POSITION MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF BOOSTING CONFIDENCE TO BUSINESS
Authors: Khandamova Eva Frizovna , Ivakh Anastasia Vitalyevna , Fedin Stanislav Vladimirovich , Shchepakin Mikhail Borisovich
Published: June 2017

Solving the problems of business growth in modern conditions requires effective management of the ever-increasing system of market relations between business and consumers, partners and other participants in the communication space. The increasing role of marketing communications in resolving motivational and resource contradictions between market participants is substantiated. The influence of various potentials on the formation of sources of effective functioning and business development is indicated. Different points of view regarding communication as a category determining the formation of "confidence" as a tool for managing the competitive position of an enterprise are considered. The nature of communication divergence is revealed in the construction of marketing fields of interacting subjects. The need to consider the interrelationship of different resources (labor, intellectual, communication, cognitive, motivational) as the basic components determining the state of the capital (moral, motivational, marketing-behavioral) formed by the subject is identified. A resource approach to building trust in business is proposed. The influence of organizational culture on the implementation of a positive marketing mimicry of business to the requirements of a competitive market is indicated. The model of the enterprise competitive position management by means of increasing the confidence to business in terms of building the marketing communication field is offered.
METODOLOGI PERHITUNGAN KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS KONVEKSI PAKSA FLUIDA ORGANIK PROPANA PADA KONDISI SUPERKRITIK
Authors: - Harmen , Adriansyah Willy , - Abdurrachim , Pasek Ari Darmawan
Published: June 2017

Penelitian tentang siklus Rankine organik superkritis mulai giat dilakukan sebagai salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan efisiensi termal dari siklus Rankine organik. Pada kondisi superkritik, sifat-sifat termodinamika dan fisika dari fluida organik berubah dengan sangat drastis disekitar titik kritisnya. Sehingga perhitungan koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi paksa tidak dapat lagi dilakukan dengan asumsi sifat-sifat fluida konstan. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan sebuah metodologi untuk menghitung nilai koefisien perpindahan panas pada kondisi superkritis. Propana digunakan sebagai fluida organiknya. Tipe alat pemindah panas yang dipakai adalah jenis pipa ganda aliran berlawanan arah dan perhitungan bilangan Nusselt menggunakan korelasi Dittus-Boetler dan Gnielinski. Hasil perhitungan koefisien perpindahan panas dengan menggunakan metodologi ini dapat digunakan untuk menghitung luas daerah perpindahan panas dari alat pemindah panas tipe double pipe counter flow. Selanjutnya hasil perhitungan ini perlu dibandingkan dengan nilai koefisien perpindahan panas yang diperoleh dari hasil eksperimen.
OPTIMASI MEDIA PRODUKSI ENZIM XILANASE DARI Bacillus sp. (Medium Optimization of Xylanase Production from Bacillus sp.)
Authors: Erika Erika , Agustrina Rochmah , Sumardi Sumardi , Mulyono Mulyono
Published: June 2017

Xylan is a carbon source in growth medium of extracellular xylanase producing bacteria. The purpose of this study was to get the optimum medium for the growth of Bacillus sp. in producing the xylanase. The factors consist of production time, carbon, and nitrogen source, as well as simple sugars. Addition carbon source used was delignified sugarcane bagasse, rice hulls, and corn cobs with different concentrations (0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; and 1% w/v) . Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate with different concentrations (0.08%; 0.17%; 0.26%; and 0.35% w/v) were used as a source of nitrogen, while the simple sugar used was glucose, lactose, sucrose, and xylose. The results showed that the optimum culture media of Bacillus sp. to produce xylanase is media with 0.25% natural starch from the corn cob xylan as a carbon source, 0.26% ammonium chloride as a source of nitrogen, 0.0625 grams of sugar xylose, at pH 6, incubation temperature of 40°C, and 12 hours production time. In that media, xylanase activity was 0.2 U/mL.Keywords: agricultural waste, medium optimization, xylanase, Bacillus sp.   ABSTRAKXilan merupakan sumber karbon pada media pertumbuhan bakteri penghasil enzim ekstraseluler xilanase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan media optimum untuk pertumbuhan Bacillus sp. dalam memproduksi xilanase. Perlakuan percobaan terdiri dari waktu produksi, sumber karbon, sumber nitrogen, dan penambahan gula sederhana. Sumber karbon yang digunakan adalah bagas tebu, sekam padi, dan tongkol jagung dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,25%; 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1% (b/v) . Amonium klorida, amonium sulfat, dan natrium nitrat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,08%; 0,17%; 0,26%; dan 0,35% (b/v) digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen, sedangkan gula sederhana yang digunakan adalah glukosa, laktosa, sukrosa, dan xilosa masing-masing sebanyak 0,0625 b/v. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa media optimum pertumbuhan Bacillus sp. untuk produksi xilanase adalah media dengan 0,25% tepung xilan dari tongkol jagung sebagai sumber karbon, 0,26% amonium klorida sebagai sumber nitrogen, 0,0625 gram gula xilosa, pada pH media 6, suhu inkubasi 40°C, serta waktu produksi 12 jam. Dalam media tersebut, aktivitas xilanase yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,2 U/mL.Kata kunci : limbah pertanian, optimasi media, xilanase, Bacillus sp.
Widespread paleopolyploidy, gene tree conflict, and recalcitrant relationships among the carnivorous Caryophyllales
Authors: Walker Joseph F. , Yang Ya , Moore Michael J. , Mikenas Jessica , Timoneda Alfonso , Brockington Samuel F. , Smith Stephen A.
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF STUDY:

The carnivorous members of the large, hyperdiverse Caryophyllales (e.g., Venus flytrap, sundews, and Nepenthes pitcher plants) represent perhaps the oldest and most diverse lineage of carnivorous plants. However, despite numerous studies seeking to elucidate their evolutionary relationships, the early‐diverging relationships remain unresolved.

METHODS:

To explore the utility of phylogenomic data sets for resolving relationships among the carnivorous Caryophyllales, we sequenced 10 transcriptomes, including all the carnivorous genera except those in the rare West African liana family Dioncophyllaceae. We used a variety of methods to infer the species tree, examine gene tree conflict, and infer paleopolyploidy events.

KEY RESULTS:

Phylogenomic analyses supported the monophyly of the carnivorous Caryophyllales, with a crown age of 68–83 million years. In contrast to previous analyses, we recovered the remaining noncore Caryophyllales as nonmonophyletic, although the node supporting this relationship contained a significant amount of gene tree discordance. We present evidence that the clade contains at least seven independent paleopolyploidy events, previously unresolved nodes from the literature have high levels of gene tree conflict, and taxon sampling influences topology even in a phylogenomic data set, regardless of the use of coalescent or supermatrix methods.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data demonstrate the importance of carefully considering gene tree conflict and taxon sampling in phylogenomic analyses. Moreover, they provide a remarkable example of the propensity for paleopolyploidy in angiosperms, with at least seven such events in a clade of less than 2500 species.
Sound pressure and temperature centering of material and sterilization
Authors: Mendes de Fontes Klessiane , Santos Iolanda Beserra da Costa , Tavares da Fonseca Leila de Cássia , Silva Luiz Bueno da , Holmes Ericka Silva , Andrade Bezerra Suzana Cristina , Furtado Lima Adriano , Ferreira dos Santos Bruna , Cadete Izaura Cleone Ferreira dos Santos , Pinto Chaves Barbara Jeane
Published: June 2017

Objective: Gauge the sound pressure and temperature levels emitted by the equipment of the drying and sterilization rooms of the Material and Sterilization Center and compare them with the current legislation.

Method: It is an experimental study with a quantitative approach, implemented in a school hospital in Joao Pessoa-PB. The data were obtained by a sound pressure meter and a thermal stress meter in September 2016.

Results and Discussion: The data evidenced high sound pressure levels, reaching a mean of 71.25 and 76.25 dB (A), in the drying and sterilization rooms respectively. The levels found do not exceed that recommended by NR15 (Regulatory Norm 15) which is 85dB(A), but NBR 10152/87 (Brazilian Norm 10152/87) indicates levels between 45 and 55 dB(A) for acoustic well-being. As for the temperature the measured mean ranged between 24.91 and 25.87 °C.

Conclusion: The levels of sound pressure and temperatures found in the environment can cause physiopsychological changes in the professionals that works in this services.

Keywords: Sound pressure; Temperature; Material and Sterilization Center
‘A minha colega’: terceirização e generalização de referentes em relatos de atividades sexuais de risco
Authors: Frezza Minéia , Ostermann Ana Cristina , De Souza Joseane
Published: June 2017

Por meio da perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise da Conversa (Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson, 1974), analisamos ligações feitas por mulheres a uma Central de Informações sobre Saúde, que oferece gratuitamente informações sobre transmissão, sintomas e prevenção de doenças e faz encaminhamentos a unidades de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como os/as interagentes (usuárias do serviço e atendentes) se referem ao/à beneficiário/a da informação requisitada. Algumas usuárias dessa Central de Informações, mesmo sabendo que se trata de um serviço que garante sigilo, evitam revelar-se como beneficiárias da informação e, frequentemente, atribuem a uma terceira pessoa a necessidade da informação. Chamamos esse fenômeno de ‘terceirização’. Outras usuárias se referem ao/à beneficiário/a da informação como ‘a mulher’, ‘a pessoa’, ‘alguém’ etc., ao que chamamos de ‘generalização’. Ao terceirizar ou generalizar o/a beneficiário/a da informação solicitada, as usuárias se eximem da responsabilidade sobre algo que possa ser ‘moralmente questionável’ (Bergmann, 1992), como relação sexual desprotegida, por exemplo. Uma análise de como essa ‘negociação’ acontece nesses atendimentos é particularmente relevante para o contexto interacional investigado, pois a existência de algum/a beneficiário/a é determinante para posteriores e necessários encaminhamentos a centros de saúde.
Editorial
Authors: Passetti Maria Célia Cortêz
Published: June 2017

Editorial, Volume 39(2) de 2017
Adaptive Stokes Preconditioning for Steady Incompressible Flows
Authors: Beaume Cédric
Published: June 2017

This paper describes an adaptive preconditioner for numerical continuation of incompressible Navier–Stokes flows based on Stokes preconditioning [42] which has been used successfully in studies of pattern formation in convection. The preconditioner takes the form of the Helmholtz operator I–ΔtL which maps the identity (no preconditioner) for Δt≪1 to Laplacian preconditioning for Δt≫1. It is built on a first order Euler time-discretization scheme and is part of the family of matrix-free methods. The preconditioner is tested on two fluid configurations: three-dimensional doubly diffusive convection and a two-dimensional projection of a shear flow. In the former case, it is found that Stokes preconditioning is more efficient for , away from the values used in the literature. In the latter case, the simple use of the preconditioner is not sufficient and it is necessary to split the system of equations into two subsystems which are solved simultaneously using two different preconditioners, one of which is parameter dependent. Due to the nature of these applications and the flexibility of the approach described, this preconditioner is expected to help in a wide range of applications.
Causes and Effects of Delays and Disruptions in Construction Projects in Tanzania
Authors: Kikwasi Geraldine
Published: June 2017

Delays and disruptions are among the challenges faced in the course of executing construction projects. Delays as well as disruptions are sources of potential risks that current studies are looking into ways to manage such as technical, social, economic, legal, financial, resource, construction and commercial. The purpose of this research is to assess causes and effects and disruptions in construction projects. This study is descriptive, designed to obtain views from clients, consulting firms, regulatory boards and construction firms in regard to causes and effects of delays in construction projects. Two sampling techniques were used to select respondents namely: purposive and random sampling. Literature review, questionnaires and interviews techniques were used to collect data for the study. Findings reveal that the main causes of delays and disruptions are: design changes, delays in payment to contractors, information delays, funding problems, poor project management, compensation issues and disagreement on the valuation of work done. On the other hand, time overrun, cost overrun, negative social impact, idling resources and disputes are the main effects of delays and disruptions. The study concludes that there still exist a number of causes of delays and disruptions and their effects put construction projects at great risk that have an effect on their performance. It is therefore recommended that adequate construction budget, timely issuing of information, finalization of design and project management skills should be the main focus of the parties in project procurement process.
Post-Disaster C&D Waste Management: The Case of COWAM Project in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunasena Gayani , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Amarathunga Dilanthi
Published: June 2017

Waste management is considered to be the weakest phase in responding to a disaster. This became apparent when Sri Lanka suffered enormously from the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. The City of Galle located on the south coast was severely affected by this event, causing some 4000 deaths and destroying over 15000 houses. The Construction Waste Management (COWAM) project funded by the European Union from 2005-2009 looked at the most sustainable ways of dealing with Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste after a disaster and devised a pilot C&D recycling plant (COWAM Centre) in Galle. This paper reflects on the C&D waste management practices followed by the city authorities during the recovery and reconstruction phase right up to the operation of the COWAM Centre with the intention of seeking best practices for the future. As part of the COWAM case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with municipal authorities and voluntary organizations to identify the C&D waste management process followed during recovery and reconstruction. Empirical data was collected from actual demolition sites located in Galle to establish the quantity of C&D waste, composition, hazardous substances found, and collection efficiency. Findings revealed that waste was disposed initially into temporary dumping sites and later re-cycled through the COWAM Centre. However, this study found many issues that could have been avoided if Galle Municipal Council had planned and implemented a quick C&D waste management strategy. Key issues which arose were lack of heavy vehicles, lack of manpower, inability to forecast the amount and composition of waste, and inability to identify suitable temporary dumping sites. The characteristics of C&D waste gave a baseline for the design of COWAM Centre. The paper presents a viable approach to overcome issues pertaining to C&D waste management during the aftermath of a disaster through the lessons learned from the COWAM project.
Measurements of the OH radical yield from the ozonolysis of biogenic alkenes: A potential interference with laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ambient OH
Authors: Rickly Pamela , Stevens Philip S.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) play a central role in the chemistry of the atmosphere, and measurements of its concentration can provide a rigorous test of our understanding of atmospheric oxidation. Several recent studies have shown large discrepancies between measured and modeled OH concentrations in forested areas impacted by emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), where modeled concentrations were significantly lower than measurements. A potential reason for some of these discrepancies involves interferences associated with the measurement of OH using the Laser-Induced Fluorescence – Fluorescence Assay with Gas Expansion (LIF-FAGE) technique in these environments. In this study, a turbulent flow reactor operating at atmospheric pressure was coupled to a LIF-FAGE cell and the OH signal produced from the ozonolysis of several BVOCs was measured. To distinguish between OH produced from the ozonolysis reactions and any OH artefact produced inside the LIF-FAGE cell, an external chemical scrubbing technique was used, allowing for the direct measurement of any interference. An interference under high ozone and BVOC concentrations was observed that was not laser generated and was independent of the ozonolysis reaction time. Addition of acetic acid to the reactor eliminated the interference, suggesting that the source of the interference in these experiments involved the decomposition of stabilized Criegee intermediates inside the FAGE detection cell.
Ética del desarrollo y educación para el desarrollo, o la maximización de la ganancia
Authors: Flores Silva Jorge
Published: June 2017

E. Alburquerque (2001) “lo que el cambio social esta postulando es una ciencia éticamente responsable y una tecnología al servicio del hombre” y de la vida, realizando valoraciones económicas que incluyan la biodiversidad, el uso adecuado de los recursos y la distribución con justicia y equidad.El ser humano es parte de la naturaleza y debe sentirse responsable ante ella, cuidándola y conservándola, no se puede actuar arbitrariamente, no se puede seguir destruyendo lo que es fundamental para la vida, esta es responsabilidad ética.El ser humano es el sujeto de la actividad económica y gracias a su trabajo se posibilita la producción de gran cantidad de bienes necesarios para que los integrantes de la sociedad puedan vivir en condiciones de dignidad. F. Hinkelammert y H. M. Mora (2001) “Para vivir, el ser humano tiene que producir y consumir continuamente (reproducir), por lo menos los medios que necesita para su subsistencia física, biológica, antropológica”. P.24. En el proceso de producción de bienes en donde el elemento significativo es el trabajo de las personas se interrelacionan variados elementos que actúan en la vida económica de la sociedad, que implica no solo proceso técnico sino relaciones entre los seres humanos, como organizadores y ejecutores de la producción.
Screening of some Cameroonian Medicinal Plants against Bacterial and Yeasts involved in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Kouitcheu Mabeku Laure Brigitte , Flaurant Tchouangueu Thibau , Jacques Kouam
Published: June 2017

The present study was designated to evaluated the antimicrobial activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Carcia arereh, Nelsonia canescens, Ficus thonningu, Bryophillum pinnatum, Cyclosorus striatus, Euphorbia cordifolia, Euphorbia hirta, Erygium foetidum and Mimosa pudica. The selected plants species are used as traditional folk medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of various diseases. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against 16 microbial species. Preliminary phytochemical screening of plant sample was also carried out. Alkaloids and anthraquinones were the most frequent secondary metabolite in the tested plant extracts. The MIC values obtained ranging from 32 to >1024
Genetic Disturbance in Wild Minami-Medaka Populations in the Kyushu Region, Japan
Authors: Ryohei Nakao , Kano Yuichi , Iguchi Yuka , Kitagawa Tadao
Published: June 2017

In wild populations of the Japanese endemic freshwater fish Minami-medaka (Oryzias latipes), genetic disturbances caused by crossing with artificially introduced exotic populations, especially an orange-red commercial variety of medaka commonly called himedaka, have been reported throughout Japan. Minami-medaka populations in the Kyushu-Ryukyu Islands region include many genetically distinct groups, indicating that the region is important for the conservation of genetic diversity in Minami-medaka populations. In this study, genetic analyses using two DNA markers (one for a mitochondrial gene, the other for a nuclear gene) were conducted to reveal the current status of genetic disturbance in wild Minami-medaka populations in the Kyushu-Ryukyu Islands region. In 125 individuals from 18 populations analyzed, one individual, from the northern Kyushu Islands, was found to carry alleles originating from the himedaka strain. Based on the results of all available surveys, including those of the present study, a total of six introgressed populations are currently known in the region. All other populations are considered unaffected. The native genetic diversity of Minami-medaka populations in the Kyushu-Ryukyu Islands region is comparatively well preserved; results of surveys throughout the rest of the range of the species indicate that almost half of all Minami-medaka populations have been introgressed by non-native genes. Conservation measures and regular genetic monitoring are recommended to preserve the genetic diversity of this species.
LEOPOLD BINENTAL AND THE HISTORY OF HIS COLLECTION
Authors: Dubiński Krzysztof , Świetlicka Ewa Katarzyna
Published: June 2017

Leopold Jan Binental (1886–1944) was a musicologist
and journalist, and an indefatigable promoter of Frederic
Chopin’s compositions and researcher into his life story in the
inter-war period. He wrote and published a great deal in professional
periodicals as well as in the national and foreign popular
press, mainly in France and Germany. Until 1939, he was
a regular music critic for "Kurier Warszawski". He was thought
to be a competent and respected Chopinologist, and his reputation
in Europe was confirmed by the monograph Chopin
published in Warsaw (1930 and 1937) and in Paris (1934)
and the album Chopin. On the 120th anniversary of his birth.
Documents and mementoes (Warsaw 1930 and Leipzig 1932)
presenting Chopin’s mementoes, prints, drawings, handwritten
musical notes and letters. He initiated and co-organised famous
exhibitions about Chopin in the National Museum in Warsaw
(1932) and the Polish Library in Paris (1932 and 1937). He was
Executive Secretary on the Management Board of the Fryderyk
Chopin National Institute created in 1934. Binental amassed
a private collection of Chopin’s manuscripts and mementoes
which is highly regarded in musicological circles. He also collected
works of art; his collection comprised ancient, Middle
Eastern and modern European ceramics, medieval sculpture
and tapestries, goldsmithery and Judaica. After the outbreak of
war in autumn 1939, Binental took certain steps to secure his
collections. Three chests with ceramics and works of art were
deposited in the National Museum in Warsaw. However, it is
not known what happened to the collection of Chopin’s objects.
At the beginning of 1940, Binental and his wife managed
to leave Poland and reach France, where his daughter lived.
In 1944 he was arrested by Gestapo and sent to Auschwitz
from which he did not return. After the war, at the request of
his daughter Krystyna, some of the works of art deposited in
the collections of the National Museum were found. With her
approval, they are currently to be found in public collections in
Poland, although the fate of his Chopin collection remains unknown.
Every now and then, some proof appears on the world
antiquarian market that the collection has not been damaged,
despite remaining missing.
Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions in the Etiopathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Selected Molecular Factors in OA Etiopathogenesis
Authors: Snochowska Aleksandra , Szmigielska Paulina , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa , Tomaszewski Wiesław
Published: June 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread disease characterized by a multifaceted etiopathogenesis and complicated pathophysiology. OA is connected with systematic degeneration of subchondral bone tissue, articular cartilage, synovial membrane and stenosis of the joint space, which substantially contributes to premature reduction of functional mobility. The results of many epidemiological studies carried out in various populations around the world including genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) have indicated a multifaceted nature of the disease. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art for gene-expression level changes of relevance for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, including the contribution of epigenetic regulations.
The source of search data for this paper was the PubMed database. The following keywords were used as search terms: osteoarthritis, GWAS, epigenetics and miRNA.
The reports presented in this paper provide a starting point for further considerations regarding the development of personalized biological therapy. Several hypothetical strategies for the targeted OA treatment development exist nowadays. However, it is important to emphasize that in-depth understanding of the genetic-epigenetic interaction in OA pathogenesis is crucial. Based on the analysis of the aforementioned available study results, the following conclusions can be made: Both environmental factors and genetic-epigenetic interactions contribute to the complex pathogenesis of OA; OA risk genes have been identified; Differences in gene expression in OA may be helpful in assessing progression of the disease; The epigenetic goals of OA therapy have been indicated.