bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of New Compounds from Catharanthus roseus Hairy Root Cultures.
Authors: Chung Ill‐Min , Ali Mohd , Yang Young‐Mok , Peebles Christie A. M. , Chun Se‐Chul , Lee Sun‐Joo , San Ka‐Yiu , Ahmad Ateeque
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Enantioselective Synthesis of the Topoisomerase II Inhibitor (+)‐Eleutherin.
Authors: Gibson Jennifer S. , Andrey Olivier , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Kinamycins C, F, and J.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Li Hongming , Nold Andrea L. , Pappo Doron , Lenzen Achim
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Assignment of the Absolute Configuration of the anti‐Helicobacter pylori Agents CJ‐12,954 and CJ‐13,014.
Authors: Brimble Margaret A. , Bryant Christina J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Relay Route for the Synthesis of Azadirachtin.
Authors: Veith Gemma E. , Beckmann Edith , Burke Brenda J. , Boyer Alistair , Ayats Carles , Ley Steven V.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Following in the Footsteps of Henri Moissan. Unexpected Discoveries Ranging from NF4+ to the Chemical Synthesis of Fluorine and Polynitrogens
Authors: Christe Karl
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Understanding CO Oxidation on Gold Nanoparticles Using Density Functional Theory.
Authors: Chen Ying , Crawford Paul , Hu P.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Composition Controlled Spin Polarization in Co1‐xFexS2 Alloys
Authors: Leighton C. , Manno M. , Cady A. , Freeland J. W. , Wang L. , Umemoto K. , Wentzcovitch R. M. , Chen T. Y. , Chien C. L. , Kuhns P. L. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterodimerization of Olefins: A Highly Promising Strategy for the Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenes
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Rodriguez Nuria
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocycloaddition in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Iriondo‐Alberdi Jone , Greaney Michael F.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazaborolidines as Asymmetric Inducers for the Reduction of Ketones and Ketimines
Authors: Cho Byung Tae
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions and Other Additions to Alkenyl‐, Alkynyl‐ and Dienyl Boronic Esters
Authors: Carboni Bertrand , Carreaux Francois
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenone C:E Compounds
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Verani Gaetano
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbiturils as Molecular Containers Comparable to Cyclodextrins
Authors: Sliwa Wanda , Girek Tomasz
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis Applied to the Synthesis of Pheromones
Authors: Aleu J. , Bustillo A. J. , Hernandez‐Galan R. , Collado I. G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses of Pheromones
Authors: Mori Kenji
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Combinatorial Synthesis Based on Natural Products
Authors: Doi Takayuki , Takahashi Takashi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry on the Interface of Natural Products and Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Boldi Armen M. , Dragoli Dean R.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Frontiers in Nephrology: The Varied Faces of Natural Killer Cells in Transplantation — Contributions to Both Allograft Immunity and Tolerance
Authors: Beilke Joshua N. , Gill Ronald G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intervention Strategies to Inhibit Protein Carbonylation by Lipoxidation‐Derived Reactive Carbonyls
Authors: Aldini Giancarlo , Dalle‐Donne Isabella , Maffei Facino Roberto , Milzani Aldo , Carini Marina
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pathogenesis of Medulloblastoma and Current Treatment Outlook
Authors: Jozwiak Jaroslaw , Grajkowska Wieslawa , Wlodarski Pawel
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Materials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Vallet‐Regi Maria , Balas Francisco , Arcos Daniel
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GABAB receptor is a novel drug target for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Schuller Hildegard M. , Al‐Wadei Hussein A. N. , Majidi Mourad
Published: December 2007

BACKGROUND.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Smoking, diabetes, and pancreatitis are risk factors. It has been shown that the growth of PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells is regulated by beta‐adrenoreceptors (β‐ARs). The activity of β‐ARs in the central nervous system is counteracted by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) via GABAB receptor‐mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. The aim of the study was to investigate if GABABR inhibits β‐AR signaling in PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells, thus blocking driving forces of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation and cell migration.

METHODS.

Intracellular cAMP was measured by immunoassays, DNA synthesis by BrdU incorporation assays, activation of ERK1/2 by ERK activation assays, and Western blots and metastatic potential by cell migration assays in the human PDAC cell lines PANC‐1 and BXPC‐3 and immortalized human pancreatic duct epithelial cells HPDE6‐C7. The expression of norepinephrine, PKARIIα, and GABA in PDAC microarrays was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS.

Stimulation of the GABABR by GABA or baclofen inhibited isoproterenol‐induced cAMP signaling below base levels. ERK1/2 activity in response to isoproterenol was blocked by GABA, an effect enhanced by transient overexpression of the GABABR and abolished by GABABR knockdown. DNA synthesis and cell migration were stimulated by isoproterenol, responses blocked by GABA and baclofen. Norepinephrine and PKARIIα were overexpressed while GABA was underexpressed in human PDAC tissue arrays.

CONCLUSIONS.

The data suggest the stimulation of GABABR signaling as a novel target for the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Cloning and functional characterization of two key enzymes of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in the amphibianXenopus laevis
Authors: Luque Melchor E. , Crespo Pilar M. , Mónaco María E. , Aybar Manuel J. , Daniotti José L. , Sánchez Sara S.
Published: December 2007

Gangliosides are a subfamily of complex glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with important roles in many biological processes. In this study, we report the cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and the spatial and temporal expression ofXlcgtandXlgd3 synthaseduringXenopus laevisdevelopment.Xlcgtwas expressed both maternally and zigotically persisting at least until stage 35. MaternalXlgd3 synthasemRNA could not be detected and showed a steady‐state expression from gastrula to late tailbud stage.Xlcgtis mainly present in involuted paraxial mesoderm, neural folds, and their derivatives.Xlgd3 synthasetranscripts were detected in the dorsal blastoporal lip, in the presumptive neuroectoderm, and later in the head region, branchial arches, otic and optic primordia. We determined the effect of glycosphingolipid depletion with 1‐phenyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐3‐morpholino‐1‐propanol (PPMP) in mesodermal layer. PPMP‐injected embryos showed altered expression domains in the mesodermal markers. Our results suggest that GSL are involved in convergent‐extension movements during early development inXenopus. Developmental Dynamics 237:112–123, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor onecut3 regulates intrahepatic biliary development in zebrafish
Authors: Matthews Randolph P. , Lorent Kristin , Pack Michael
Published: December 2007

Members of the onecut family of transcription factors play important roles in the development of the liver and pancreas. We have shown previously that onecut1 (hnf6) is important during the terminal stages of intrahepatic biliary development in zebrafish. Here we report the characterization of a third zebrafish onecut gene, onecut3 (oc3), and assay its expression during development and its role in biliary duct formation using morpholino antisense oligonucleotide‐mediated knockdown. These experiments reveal an important role for oc3 during the earliest stages of zebrafish biliary development, and suggest that zebrafish oc3 is the functional ortholog of mammalian hnf6, a gene that directs biliary differentiation from bipotential progenitor cells. Consistent with this, zebrafish hnf6 expression was significantly reduced in oc3‐deficient larvae. Knockdown of hnf6 in wild‐type zebrafish larvae also significantly reduced oc3 expression, suggesting a complex interaction between onecut family member proteins during the latter stages of zebrafish biliary development. Developmental Dynamics 237:124–131, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental regulation of muscleblind‐like (MBNL) gene expression in the chicken embryo retina
Authors: Huang Hu , Wahlin Karl J. , McNally Minda , Irving Natasha D. , Adler Ruben
Published: December 2007

Muscleblind‐like (MBNL) is a CCCH zinc finger‐containing RNA‐binding protein required for the development of both muscle and photoreceptors in Drosophila; it is conserved evolutionarily, and it is associated in humans with the muscular disease myotonic dystrophy. Its role in the development of vertebrate retinal cells, however, remains unknown. As an initial approach to its investigation, we have cloned three chick muscleblind genes, characterized their isoforms, and examined their expression patterns in the chick embryo retina. The relative levels of expression of the MBNL genes increased during embryonic development. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed that the three MBNL mRNAs had widespread patterns of expression at all the developmental stages examined. Of interest, the temporal and spatial patterns of protein expression, detected by immunocytochemistry with antibodies against MBNL1 and MBNL2, were much more restricted than those seen by ISH. At early stages (ED5–7), for example, MBNL1 and MBNL2 mRNAs were present throughout the retina, but immunoreactivity for the corresponding proteins was largely restricted to the periphery of the optic cup (presumptive iris/ciliary epithelium/ciliary margin zone). MBNL1 and MBNL2 immunoreactivity became detectable at the fundus at later stages, but was limited to a very small subset of the cells that had ISH signals for the cognate mRNAs (particularly ganglion cells and photoreceptors). Within photoreceptors, MBNL1 and MBNL2 immunoreactivity first appeared in their inner segments; MBNL2 remained there, but MBNL1 became subsequently localized to their synaptic terminals. These expression patterns are consistent with the possibility that MBNLs may regulate photoreceptor development in the chick retina, much as MBL does in Drosophila, and suggest that the expression of MBNL1 and MBNL2 may be regulated posttranscriptionally. Developmental Dynamics 237: 286–296, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voltage fluctuation compensator for Shinkansen
Authors: Uzuka Tetsuo , Ikedo Shouji , Ueda Keiji , Mochinaga Yoshifumi , Funahashi Sadao , Ide Koiti
Published: December 2007

In AC electric railways, three‐phase voltage is changed into the single‐phase circuit of two circuits with the Scott‐connected transformer. If unbalancing of the load between single‐phase circuits becomes large, voltage fluctuation becomes large on the three‐phase side. Railway static power conditioner (RPC) was developed for the purpose of controlling voltage fluctuation on the three‐phase side. An RPC is comprised of a pair of self‐commutated PWM inverters. These inverters connect the main phase and teaser feeding buses, coupled with a DC side capacitor such as a back‐to‐back (BTB) converter. In this way, the two self‐commutated inverters can act as a static var compensator (SVC) to compensate for the reactive power and as an active power accommodator from one feeding bus to another.

20 MVA/60 kV RPCs started commercial operation in 2002 at each two substations on the newly extended Tohoku Shinkansen for compensating voltage fluctuation on the three‐phase side caused by traction loads, absorbing harmonic current. The results of operational testing indicate that an RPC can accommodate single‐phase loads such as those of PWM‐controlled Shinkansen and thyristor phase‐controlled Shinkansen, and handle the exciting rush current of transformers, as well as compensate for harmonics successfully. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 25–34, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20397
Branching probabilities planning of stochastic network model using genetic algorithm supported by sensitivity analysis
Authors: Kurihara Kenzo , Nagai Manabu , Nishiuchi Nobuyuki , Masuda Kazuaki
Published: December 2007

This paper proposes a new method of planning the project durations that are modeled as stochastic networks such as GERT networks. Since stochastic networks have a variable time and a branching probability for each arrow, the total duration of the network is also modeled as a variable. In order to complete the project by the desired date with a certain confidence, the variable times or branching probabilities of the network should be designed appropriately. We will propose a planning method for branching probabilities to realize the desired project duration using GA and Monte Carlo simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 43–53, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20582
Developing the Kharasch Reaction in Aqueous Media: Dinuclear Group 8 and 9 Catalysts Containing the Bridging Cage Ligand Tris(1,2‐dimethylhydrazino)diphosphane
Authors: Díaz‐Álvarez Alba E. , Crochet Pascale , Zablocka Maria , Duhayon Carine , Cadierno Victorio , Majoral Jean‐Pierre
Published: December 2007

The dinuclear complexes [{RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)}2(μ‐THDP)] (4) and [{MCl(η4‐cod)}2(μ‐THDP)] [M = Rh (5), Ir (6)], containing the bridging cage‐type ligand tris(1,2‐dimethylhydrazino)diphosphane (THDP), have been synthesized in high yields (89–95 %) by treatment of dimers [{RuCl(μ‐Cl)(η6‐p‐cymene)}2] (1) and [{M(μ‐Cl)(η4‐cod)}2] [M = Rh (2), Ir (3)] with one equivalent of THDP. The structure of the (η6‐arene)ruthenium(II) derivative 4 has been unequivocally confirmed by means of X‐ray diffraction methods. All these complexes have been found to be active catalysts for the atom‐transfer radical addition of bromotrichloromethane to olefins (Kharasch reaction) in heterogeneous aqueous media under mild conditions (room temp.).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Strength vs. Accessibility: Unraveling the Patterns of Self‐Recognition in a Conformationally Locked Amino Alcohol
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Sen Saikat , Guru Row Tayur N. , Chopra Deepak , Chattopadhyay Sayani
Published: December 2007

Unlike the self‐assembly of aminols studied till date, that of the conformationally locked, trans‐amino alcohol under study is unique in having the amino protons serving as mere spectators in the crystal packing. The principal non‐covalent interactions, holding the molecules in the crystal lattice, are O–H···N hydrogen bonds, and the rarely encountered π‐π stacking interactions between the isolated double bonds. Experimental charge density analyses have been carried out on the amino alcohol not only to characterize the non‐covalent interactions existing in the supramolecular assembly in terms of the topological features of electron density at their bond critical points, but also to elucidate the apparent presence of the “spectator” amino hydrogen atoms beyond the criteria of mere geometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Evaluation of evidence for infection as a mode of action for induction of rat lymphoma
Authors: Caldwell Jane C. , Jinot Jennifer , DeVoney Danielle , Gift Jeff S.
Published: December 2007

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a 2006 report questioning the relationship of aspartame exposure with increased incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in a European Ramazzini Foundation (ERF) rat study. The EFSA report suggested that the lymphoma/leukemia findings were most likely explained by infection in the rat colony. The ERF has also conducted the only available long‐term oral study of methyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE). Thus, using the EFSA report as support, some have now raised questions about the human relevance of MTBE‐associated hemolymphoreticular tumors reported by the ERF in female rats as well as whether their incidence was elevated above background levels. In this report, we discuss the hypothesized mode of action (MOA) of infection‐induced lymphoma and its relevance to MTBE‐associated lymphomas. We address the relationship of rat strain and study duration to lymphoma susceptibility and review evidence of low background rates of this tumor in control animals at the ERF, similar survival rates for female rats at the ERF and National Toxicology Program (NTP), and chemical‐ and gender‐specificity of tumor induction for this type of tumor in studies at the ERF. We find that the background incidence of hemolymphoreticular tumors in female rats in the MTBE study is consistent with contemporaneous studies at the ERF and that there is an exposure‐related effect, which is unlikely to be due to infections. We examine more recent tumor classification schemes for lymphomas, which support the combination of lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas reported by Belpoggi et al. ([1995] Toxicol Ind Health 11:119–149; [1998] Eur J Oncol 3:201–206). Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The numerical prediction of droplet deformation and break‐up using the Godunov marker‐particle projection scheme
Authors: Bierbrauer F. , Phillips T. N.
Published: December 2007

The problem of droplet deformation and break‐up is considered. A hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian method is used in which the velocity and pressure are discretized on a fixed mesh and Lagrangian particles are used to implicitly track the interface between the two phases. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using an approximate Godunov projection method, collectively called the Godunov marker‐particle projection scheme. The results show good qualitative agreement with previous research as well as demonstrating the efficacy of the method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global linear stability analysis of time‐averaged flows
Authors: Mittal Sanjay
Published: December 2007

The global linear stability analysis (LSA) of stationary/steady flows has been applied to various flows in the past and is fairly well understood. The LSA of time‐averaged flows is explored in this paper. It is shown that the LSA of time‐averaged flows can result in useful information regarding its stability. The method is applied to study flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number (Re) beyond the onset of vortex shedding. Compared with the direct numerical simulation, LSA of the Re=100 steady flow severely underpredicts the vortex shedding frequency. However, the LSA of the time‐averaged flow results in the correct value of the non‐dimensional frequency, St, of the associated instability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Musashi1 RNA‐binding protein regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell differentiation and survival
Authors: Dobson Nicole R. , Zhou Yong‐Xing , Flint Nicole C. , Armstrong Regina C.
Published: December 2007

Expression of Musashi1 (Msi1), an evolutionarily conserved RNA‐binding protein, in neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in the postnatal and adult CNS indicates a potential role in the generation of oligodendrocytes. We now show Msi1 expression in a subset of oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) cells in white matter areas temporally and spatially associated with oligodendrogenesis in the postnatal CNS. Msi1 function was evaluated by infection of OP cells with retroviral transduction of Msi1 or knockdown of endogenous Msi1. Retroviral expression of Msi1 significantly reduced the proportion of mature oligodendrocytes generated from OP cells in vitro and in vivo during myelination. Msi1 transduction also promoted OP survival, particularly under conditions of challenge from oxidative stress, while Msi1 siRNA knockdown resulted in dramatic OP cell death. Furthermore, in experimental demyelination Msi1 expression was increased among cells associated with lesions, including OP cells, indicating a potential role in the generation of remyelinating oligodendrocytes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas sampling and analysis in high enthalpy flow
Authors: Bi‐ke Zheng , Li‐hong Chen , Ran Lin , Xin‐yu Chang
Published: December 2007

A gas sampling/chromatography analysis system has been established and was used to sample and analyze the exhaust of a scramjet combustor. It was proved that the chemical reaction of the flow in the sampling probe was quenched by using one‐dimensional analysis. The system was validated by comparing with a given mixture. The combustion efficiency was acquired through the experimental results, which agreed with the observation and the measurement results of static pressure on the combustor wall. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(1): 1–10, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20190
Combination of serum hCGβ and p53 tissue expression defines distinct subgroups of serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Vartiainen Juhani , Lassus Heini , Lehtovirta Pentti , Finne Patrik , Alfthan Henrik , Butzow Ralf , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan
Published: December 2007

Serous ovarian carcinoma comprises a clinically heterogenous group of tumors, and molecular markers stratifying patients into clinically meaningful subgroups are needed. Numerous markers have been evaluated, but none of them has yet been routinely incorporated into clinical practice. Previously we have found that elevated serum levels of the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) and aberrant p53 expression confer poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. The aim of our study was to evaluate their combined effect in predicting the outcome of patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. The study material consisted of 173 consecutive patients treated for primary serous ovarian carcinoma in 1 institution between 1990 and 2000. The preoperative serum level of hCGβ was analyzed by a ultrasensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay, and p53 tumor tissue expression by immunohistochemistry using a novel classification. Elevated serum hCGβ (≥2.0 pmol/L) was detected in 57 (33%) of 173 patients, and aberrant p53 expression in 103 (62%) of 167 interpretable cancers. Elevated hCGβ and aberrant p53 expression were strongly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.0001 for both). Their additive prognostic effect was marked. Five‐year survival was 14% (0–29%) when both markers were aberrant, 44% (29–60%) when either one was aberrant and 82% (70–94%) when both were normal. Preoperative serum hCGβ and tumor tissue p53 expression are feasible markers that divide serous ovarian carcinomas into clinically relevant subgroups. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using qualitative methods to assess academic success and retention programs for underrepresented minority students
Authors: Green Denise O'Neil
Published: December 2007

The author discusses the importance of qualitative assessment for programs created primarily to serve minority students in higher education, associated benefits and challenges, and procedures for conducting culturally competent program assessments.
Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process
Authors: Costantini A. , Luciani G. , Silvestri B. , Tescione F. , Branda F.
Published: December 2007

A hybrid of poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA), a polymer widely employed for biomedical applications, and silica gel, exhibiting a well‐known bioactivity, was produced by sol‐gel. The amount of the inorganic precursor, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), was mixed to the organic monomer, so as to have a final concentration of 30% (w/w) of silica gel to the mass of polymer. The nanocomposite was characterized for its composition by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, swelling behavior, glass transition temperature using differential thermal analysis (DTA), morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bioactivity using FT‐IR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy dispersive system (EDS). The nanocomposite showed phase separation between the polymer and the silica gel, improved thermal stability and swelling properties and higher glass transition temperature than pHEMA. Moreover, bioactive SiO2 gel nanoparticles promoted apatite formation on the surface of the modified hydrogel, when it was soaked in SBF. Therefore, the obtained bioactive nanocomposite can be used to make bioactive scaffold for bone engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Freeze casting of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. I. Processing and general microstructure
Authors: Fu Qiang , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Dogan Fatih , Bal B. Sonny
Published: December 2007

Freeze casting of aqueous suspensions on a cold substrate was investigated as a method for preparing hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with unidirectional porosity. In the present paper, we report on the ability to manipulate the microstructure of freeze‐cast constructs by controlling the processing parameters. Constructs prepared from aqueous suspensions (5–20 volume percent particles) on a steel substrate at −20°C had a lamellar‐type microstructure, consisting of plate‐like HA and unidirectional pores oriented in the direction of freezing. Sintering for 3 h at 1350°C produced constructs with dense HA lamellas, porosity of ∼50%, and inter‐lamellar pore widths of 5–30 μm. The thickness of the HA lamellas decreased but the width of the pores increased with decreasing particle concentration. Decreasing the substrate temperature from −20°C to −196°C produced a finer lamellar microstructure. The use of water‐glycerol mixtures (20 wt % glycerol) as the solvent in the suspension resulted in the production of finer pores (1–10 μm) and a larger number of dendritic growth connecting the HA lamellas. On the other hand, the use of water‐dioxane mixtures (60 wt % dioxane) produced a cellular‐type microstructure with larger pores (90–110 μm). The ability to produce a uniaxial microstructure and its manipulation by controlling the processing parameters indicate the potential of the present freeze casting route for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Hepatitis C virus and the controversial role of the interferon sensitivity determining region in the response to interferon treatment
Authors: Torres‐Puente Manuela , Cuevas José M. , Jiménez‐Hernández Nuria , Bracho María A. , García‐Robles Inmaculada , Carnicer Fernando , del Olmo Juan , Ortega Enrique , Moya Andrés , González‐Candelas Fernando
Published: December 2007

The degree of variability of the interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome has been postulated to predict the response to interferon therapy, mainly in patients infected with subtype 1b, although this prediction has been the subject of a long controversy. This prediction has been tested by analyzing a cohort of 67 Spanish patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 23 of which were infected with subtype 1a and 44 with subtype 1b. A sample previous to therapy with α‐interferon plus ribavirin was obtained and several clones (between 25 and 96) including the ISDR were sequenced from each patient. A significant correlation between mutations at the ISDR and response to treatment for subtype 1b patients, but not for those infected with subtype 1a, has been detected. Although the results suggest that the same relationship holds true for subtype 1a, lack of statistical power because of the small sample size of this subtype prevented firmer conclusions. However, identical ISDR sequences were found in responder and non‐responder patients, suggesting that the stability of the ISDR sequence can occasionally help HCV to evade interferon therapy, although this is not a sufficient condition. More complex interactions, including the ISDR or not, are likely to exist and govern the HCV response to interferon treatment. J. Med. Virol. 80:247–253, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic relatedness of noroviruses identified in sporadic gastroenteritis in children and gastroenteritis outbreaks in Northern Alberta
Authors: Lee Bonita E. , Preiksaitis Jutta K. , Chui Natalie , Chui Linda , Pang Xiaoli L.
Published: December 2007

We compared the proportion and genotype distribution of norovirus (NoV) identified in sporadic acute gastroenteritis in children younger than 7 years old with the NoV strains found in outbreaks from January 2003 through April 2004 in northern Alberta, Canada. Eight genogroup I (GI) and 133 GII NoV cases were detected in 1,166 cases of acute sporadic childhood gastroenteritis with a monthly detection rates varying from 6.0% to 20.4% and no sporadic gastroenteritis case in October 2003. Seventy‐eight outbreaks (65%) tested positive for NoV during the study period with an obvious winter predominance and no NoV outbreaks in August, September, and October 2003. Three GI and 51 GII strains from the sporadic childhood gastroenteritis cases and seven GI and 37 GII strains from gastroenteritis outbreaks were sequenced and analyzed. Strains belonging to the GII.4 cluster predominated in outbreaks (68%) while the strains in sporadic childhood gastroenteritis demonstrated significant heterogeneity with the majority belonging to the GII.3 cluster (36%). Further analysis of NoV strains from 34 sporadic childhood gastroenteritis cases and 38 gastroenteritis outbreaks in chronologically and geographically related groups failed to demonstrate clear link between strains circulating in the setting of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis and those found in outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 80:330–337, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and antigenic analysis of epidemic influenza viruses isolated during 2006–2007 season in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Jih‐Hui , Chiu Shu‐Chun , Lee Cheng‐Hao , Su Yung‐Jui , Tsai Han‐Chuan , Peng Yen‐Tzu , Wu Ho‐Seng
Published: December 2007

Influenza viruses are some of the most active pathogens in Taiwan. The monitoring influenza activity has been coordinated by the Centers for Diseases Control, Taiwan, and the surveillance is based on integrated clinical and virological surveillance components. Data from sentinel physician networks and other sources, mainly hospitals were collected. During 2006‐07 season, a total of 1724 cases of laboratory‐confirmed influenza were reported by collaborating laboratories and sentinels, which was five fold higher than during the corresponding part of the 2005‐06 season. Of the Taiwan isolates analyzed using post‐infection ferret antisera, 1.5% were H1N1 (A/Hi), 21.5% H3N2 (A/H3), and 77.0% influenza B viruses. This reflects the predominance of influenza B viruses during 2006‐07 season. In addition, continued antigenic drift was seen with the A/I‐B viruses compared with the previous season's reference strains. However, an increasing number of recent A/H3 isolates characterized in our report were amantadine sensitive. Preparation for an influenza pandemic is presently a high priority in Taiwan. Laboratory‐based surveillance systems must be timely in order to be effective. The data presented here highlights the need to characterize the circulating strains both antigenically and genetically during regular surveillance. Any contribution of individual genes or gene combinations to usual or unusual epidemic characteristics might thus be identified ensuring that virus strains can be selected for vaccine formulation that will most closely match the circulating viruses. J. Med. Virol. 80:316–322, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of a hepatitis C virus outbreak in a hemodialysis unit in Italy
Authors: Spada Enea , Abbate Isabella , Sicurezza Elvia , Mariano Andrea , Parla Vincenza , Rinnone Sebastiano , Cuccia Mario , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Mele Alfonso
Published: December 2007

Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate a HCV outbreak in a hemodialysis unit using epidemiological and molecular methods. Between April 2003 and October 2003, anti‐HCV seronconversion was detected in four patients attending the unit. These cases were added to 10 patients already anti‐HCV positive upon admission in the unit. All 14 anti‐HCV patients were tested for HCV RNA and HCV genotype. NS5B and HVR1/ E2 genomic regions were amplified and sequenced in all HCV RNA positive patients and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Furthermore, clinical‐epidemiological records obtained from all patients were examined. All four patients newly infected harbored genotype 2c. Genotype 2c was also detected in 2 of 10 patients already anti‐HCV positive upon admission. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all newly HCV infected patients harbored very closely related viral isolates that clustered together with the 2c isolate found in one of the two 2c chronic infected patients. All HCV‐2c infected patients had no other risk factors except hemodialysis. Three of four newly HCV‐2c infected patients and the one HCV‐2c chronically infected involved in the outbreak received dialysis on the same day and same shift but used different machines. The remaining HCV‐2c newly infected patient and one of the above cited three received dialysis on the same day during different shifts but used the same machine. The outbreak was probably due to breaks of infection control procedures although a related‐machine transmission cannot be excluded in one of the cases. J. Med. Virol. 80:261–267, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
We've never done it this way before: Prompting organizational change through stories
Authors: McKinnon North
Published: December 2007

Organizations have discovered that storytelling is a powerful change management tool for addressing the emotional issues that have torpedoed many an initiative. Leaders from five businesses discuss how stories finally enabled employees and other stakeholders to get on board with major change efforts. The cases include organizations that used metaphors to create a common team vision, a road map for new business strategy, and the future vision for a massive high tech merger, as well as leaders who used personal stories to convey the essence of a difficult business issue for a skeptical audience.

This article is reprinted from the book, Wake Me Up When the Data Is Over: How Organizations Use Stories to Drive Results, by Lori L. Silverman (Jossey‐Bass, 2006) © 2006 John Wiley & Sons.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1/2008
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Shipman Patrick O. , Neeland Edward G. , Corkery T. Christopher , Mohammed Shawkat , Harvey Pierre D. , Mohamed Hany M. , Bedair Ahmed H. , El‐Agrody Ahmed M. , Aguiar Pedro M. , Kroeker Scott
Published: December 2007

Cover: The picture on the cover is a 3D graphic representation of one specific orientation of the prepared azo dye coumarin‐containing polymethacrylate. Looking down the centre of the aliphatic methacrylate chain we see the circle of oxygen due to the carbonyl of the methacrylate, and then the circle of the nitrogen due to the azo dye, followed by the circle of the oxygen and the bromine of the coumarin unit. The image shows the folding of the pendant azo dye and the coumarin groups around the methacrylate chain. Next to the 3‐D image is the 2‐D drawing of the polymer. Further details can be found in the article by A. S. Abd‐El‐Aziz,* P. O. Shipman, E. G. Neeland, T. C. Corkery, S. Mohammed, P. D. Harvey, H. M. Mohamed, A. H. Bedair, A. M. El‐Agrody, P. M. Aguiar, S. Kroeker on page 84.
On quotients of non‐Archimedean Fréchet spaces
Authors: Śliwa Wiesław
Published: December 2007

It is proved when a non‐Archimedean Fréchet space E of countable type has a quotient isomorphic to 𝕂ℕ, cℕ0 or c0 × 𝕂ℕ. It is also shown when E has a non‐normable quotient with a continuous norm. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metric ends, fibers and automorphisms of graphs
Authors: Krön Bernhard , Möller Rögnvaldur G.
Published: December 2007

Several results on the action of graph automorphisms on ends and fibers are generalized for the case of metric ends. This includes results on the action of the automorphisms on the end space, directions of automorphisms, double rays which are invariant under a power of an automorphism and metrically almost transitive automorphism groups. It is proved that the bounded automorphisms of a metrically almost transitive graph with more than one end are precisely the kernel of the action on the space of metric ends. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mild Parkinsonian signs are associated with lower olfactory test scores in the community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Marder Karen , Tabert Matthias H. , Devanand Devangere P.
Published: December 2007

Mild Parkinsonian signs (MPS, impaired gait, rigidity, bradykinesia, rest tremor) are commonly found during the clinical examination of older people and may be a precursor to Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Marked deficits in olfaction occur in PD and AD. The objective of this study was to determine whether University of Pennsylvania Smell Test (UPSIT) scores were lower in nondemented community‐dwelling elderly with versus without MPS. Nondemented persons age ≥65 years without PD in Washington Heights‐Inwood, NY were evaluated with an abbreviated motor Unified PD Rating Scale and a 40‐item UPSIT. Lower UPSIT and higher transformed UPSIT score (square root [UPSIT ‐ 41]) indicated greater olfactory dysfunction. One‐hundred‐seventy‐seven (16.4%) of 1,078 participants had MPS. Mean UPSIT scores (MPS vs. without MPS) were 24.3 ± 7.1 versus 26.4 ± 6.8, P < 0.001. In a logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and education, transformed UPSIT score was associated with MPS (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04–1.52, P = 0.02). In an adjusted logistic regression analysis, participants with higher transformed UPSIT scores (based on a median split) were 1.55 times more likely to have MPS than were those with lower scores (P = 0.01). Within transformed UPSIT score quartiles, the odds of having MPS were 1.0 (reference), 1.35, 2.02, and 2.20 (P < 0.05). The association with transformed UPSIT scores was similar across MPS subtypes (axial dysfunction, rigidity, tremor).MPS were associated with a mild reduction in olfactory function. These observations further support the view of MPS as a marker of emerging degenerative brain pathologies. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Efficient finite element electromagnetic modeling of thin wires
Authors: Wu Hong , Cangellaris Andreas C.
Published: December 2007

A computationally efficient methodology is presented for the finite element modeling of thin conducting wires of diameter comparable with or smaller than the numerical grid size. The proposed model relies upon the insertion of lumped circuit elements at element edges along the wire axis and the proper compensation of the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability values for mesh elements in the immediate neighborhood of the wire to reproduce the electromagnetic attributes of the wire accurately. In this manner, the need for local mesh refinement along the wire is eliminated. The proposed model is useful for the computationally efficient finite element modeling of inhomogeneous structures with wire antennas attached to them and of electronic packaging structures for high‐speed integrated circuits containing wire bonds and high‐density vertical interconnects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 350–354, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23060
Compact dual‐band rat‐race couplers
Authors: Mandal Mrinal Kanti , Sanyal Subrata
Published: December 2007

In this letter, a design of a compact, dual‐band, rat‐race coupler is presented. The dual‐band characteristics are obtained by using two shunt open‐stubs with the conventional coupler. The proposed design can cover a wide range of frequency ratio of the dual bands within the fabrication limit of a low and high impedance microstrip line. Frequency variations of the bandwidths of this coupler in terms of isolation, matching, amplitude, and phase imbalance are also discussed. Theoretical prediction has been verified in the microstrip line by fabricating a dual‐band coupler at the 900/1900‐MHz mobile bands. Experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 277–281, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23063
Synthesis of quarter wavelength side‐coupled ring (QSCR) resonator applications to bandpass filters design
Authors: Salleh Mohd Khairul Mohd , Prigent Gaëtan , Pigaglio Olivier , Raymond Crampagne
Published: December 2007

This article deals with the design of dual‐mode ring resonator fed by quarter wavelength coupled‐lines and its applications for bandpass filters. A specific synthesis was developed for ring‐based resonator which made ease the design of further bandpass filters. Three compact bandpass filters were designed at 2 GHz. Comparison between experiments and simulated results proved both synthesis accuracy and QSCR‐based filters efficiency toward electrical performances and size reduction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 307–312, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23067