bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The place of data: Mobile media, loss and data in life, death and afterlife
Authors: Hjorth Larissa
Published: June 2021

Increasingly, mobile media play a crucial role in how we make sense of life, death and afterlife. In times of disaster and trauma, mobile media are on hand as a vehicle for witnessing and companionship in which memories of dead and living are entangled. Mobile media help with continuity bonds – sometimes through perceived connections with the deceased, other times through allowing the bereaved to ‘feel’ connected through the memories of the deceased as part of everyday feeds. In the Fukushima earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster in March 2011 known as 3/11, we saw the power of mobile media to not only magnify cultural beliefs but to also play a key role in memorialisation processes. This article explores the role of mobile media for memorialising place and connection during and after 3/11 through firstly ethnographic fieldwork and then creative practice projects to intervene and enact social change.
Challenging the placeless imaginary in digital memories: The performation of place in the work of Forensic Architecture
Authors: Mandolessi Silvana
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the imaginary that digital memories are ‘placeless’, which refers to the notion that, among the changes that memory has experienced under the impact of digital media, one is the loss of a significant link to place. I contend that digital memories are not placeless memories, but, on the contrary, that place is central for digital memory work. Drawing on the concept of ‘performation’, I seek to demonstrate how place is created, executed and staged in the digital ecology. To illustrate this, I analyse two works of the research agency Forensic Architecture, ‘Hannibal in Rafah’ and ‘Saydnaya: Inside A Syrian Torture Prison’, in which ‘place’ plays a central role in the shaping of digital memory. Digital media’s ‘inherently archival’ nature acquires a different meaning in these works: it is the process of collecting and mapping the dispersed fragments of data that transforms the archive into memory.
A politics of placelessness? The limits of democratising memory in the Centro de Documentación e Investigación of Lima’s Lugar de la Memoria
Authors: Willis Daniel
Published: June 2021

The Centro de Documentación e Investigación (CDI) is an online archive which provides free access to over 20 collections on Peru’s internal armed conflict (1980–2000), a conflict which was distinctly shaped by racial and social inequalities. The digital nature of the archive is presented as an opportunity for democratising access to these historical sources and for promoting commemoration as a means of cultural reconciliation. However, there is a risk that pre-existing social geographies and material concerns will mean that the CDI replicates offline exclusions. This article argues that, whilst the CDI has made these documents accessible to a broader geographical audience, usage of the digital archive is still largely mediated through social hierarchies. Through its online archive and offline engagement activities, the CDI appears to have generated a more geographically distributed network of content producers, but one which remains biased towards university-educated participants in urban areas.
Fue el estado (‘It was the state’): Embodied practices of memory and the re-writing of Mexico’s genealogy of violence
Authors: Zícari Martín
Published: June 2021

In the midst of the activism outburst after the Ayotzinapa crisis, the Mexican collective ‘Rexiste’ wrote the phrase ‘It was the state’ in Mexico City’s main square. I define such action as an embodied practice of memory, which re configurates Mexico’s history of violence. Based on an affective approach, I delve into the kinaesthetic of the performance to show how the action is summoning archived repertoires of Mexican activism post-1968. I first refer to the foundation of human rights committees in the late 70s and their main repertoire of action, hunger strikes, to then consider the funeral re-enactments of the late 1990s after the Aguas Blancas and Acteal massacres. Through this unarchiving I want to analyse how the unresolved past re-emerges in the creation of a non-teleological temporality of state-fostered violence.
Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study
Authors: Maitre Thomas , Ok Vichita , Calin Ruxandra , Lassel Ludovic , Canestri Ana , Denis Michel , Hamidi Mohammed , Tavolaro Sebastian , Verdet Charlotte , Parrot Antoine , Cadranel Jacques , Pialoux Gilles
Published: June 2021

Background:

Pyogenic lung abscesses are rare and poorly described infections. This study aimed to describe their prognostic factors.

Methods:

We retrospectively included all patients hospitalized between 1 January 1998 and 1 June 2018, with an International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (IDC-10) diagnosis of pyogenic lung abscess, from the Diamm based medical records (Micro6, Nancy, France). Parasitic, fungal, or mycobacterial lung abscesses were excluded.

Results:

A total of 64 patients were included. Abscesses were associated with immunosuppression in 28 patients, including HIV infection and immunosuppressive therapy for eight and 12 patients, respectively. Bacterial identification was obtained for 36 patients. Nine patients (14%) developed lung abscesses after hematogenous dissemination. They differed from bronchogenic abscesses by their younger age ( p = 0.03), the absence of smoking or emphysema ( p = 0.05), Staphylococcus aureus ( p = 0.001) or Streptococcus spp. ( p = 0.05) isolation, and the smaller size of their abscess ( p = 0.02). Overall, evolution was marked by radiological sequelae (46.9%), relapse (12.5%), and death (4.8%). Radiological sequelae occurred more frequently during the course of bronchogenic abscesses ( p = 0.02), particularly when they spontaneously discharged ( p = 0.04). Relapses were more frequent in patients with emphysema ( p = 0.04) and when Haemophilus influenzae was isolated ( p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, poor outcomes, including death, sequelae, and relapse occurred more frequently in patients who had bronchogenic abscess ( p = 0.02), and in those who received antibiotics during less than 6 weeks ( p = 0.05).

Conclusion:

A duration of antibiotic treatment of less than 6 weeks and bronchogenic presentation were globally associated with poor outcome of pyogenic lung abscesses. These data should be considered when proposing guidelines for the care of pyogenic lung abscesses. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
A Downward Spiral? A Panel Study of Misinformation and Media Trust in Chile
Authors: Valenzuela Sebastián , Halpern Daniel , Araneda Felipe
Published: June 2021

Despite widespread concern, research on the consequences of misinformation on people's attitudes is surprisingly scant. To fill in this gap, the current study examines the long-term relationship between misinformation and trust in the news media. Based on the reinforcing spirals model, we analyzed data from a three-wave panel survey collected in Chile between 2017 and 2019. We found a weak, over-time relationship between misinformation and media skepticism. Specifically, initial beliefs on factually dubious information were negatively correlated with subsequent levels of trust in the news media. Lower trust in the media, in turn, was related over time to higher levels of misinformation. However, we found no evidence of a reverse, parallel process where media trust shielded users against misinformation, further reinforcing trust in the news media. The lack of evidence of a downward spiral suggests that the corrosive effects of misinformation on attitudes toward the news media are less serious than originally suggested. We close with a discussion of directions for future research.
Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid Has Major Influence on Its Efficacy and Safety for Viscosupplementation in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Yen-Zung , Huang Hsuan-Ti , Ho Cheng-Jung , Shih Chia-Lung , Chen Chung-Hwan , Cheng Tsung-Lin , Wang Ying-Chun , Lin Sung-Yen
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection with different molecular weights (MWs) for treating hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in 3 electronic databases, including PubMed, BMJ Journals, and Cochrane Library, from inception to April 2020. Extracted outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) (1, 3, and 6 months), Lequesne index (3 and 6 months), and adverse effects. HAs were classified into low-molecular-weight (LMW), moderate-molecular-weight (MMW), high-molecular-weight (HMW), and ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) groups. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.

Results

A total of 15 studies with 614 patients were included. Our meta-analysis showed that the HMW HA group had the best improvement in VAS and Lequesne index compared with other HA groups for all the follow-up visits. Moreover, the HMW group demonstrated significantly better improvement than the other groups in VAS at 6-month follow-up and in Lequesne index at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Analysis for adverse effects revealed low rates of systemic adverse effects (≤0.6%) in all groups and similar rate of local adverse effects (around 10%) among the groups except for UHMW HA group (37.5%).

Conclusion

Among different MWs of HA for treating hip OA, HMW HA injection demonstrated the best efficacy for up to 6 months after treatment without increased risk of adverse effects. Further studies with more comprehensive data and a higher level of evidence are required to prove our results.
Effect of Systemic Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on a Chronic Partial-Thickness Cartilage Defect in a Rabbit Knee Joint
Authors: Ono Yoshimasa , Akagi Ryuichiro , Mikami Yukio , Shinohara Masashi , Hosokawa Hiroaki , Horii Manato , Watanabe Shotaro , Ogawa Yuya , Sadamasu Aya , Kimura Seiji , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa
Published: June 2021

Objective

Cartilage lesions in the knee joint can lead to joint mechanics changes and cause knee pain. Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) promotes cartilage regeneration by perforating the subchondral bone just below the injury and inducing bone marrow cells. This study aimed to investigate whether systemic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with BMS improves repair of chronic partial-thickness cartilage defects (PTCDs).

Design

Eighteen 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups: control (C, n = 6), BMS alone ( n = 6), and BMS + G-CSF ( n = 6). Partial cartilage defects with 5 mm diameter were created in the trochlear region of both knees; after 4 weeks, the BMS alone and BMS + G-CSF groups underwent BMS; G-CSF (50 µg/kg) or saline was administered subcutaneously for 5 days starting from 3 days before BMS. At 8 and 16 weeks after cartilage defect creation, the area of cartilage defects was macroscopically and histologically evaluated.

Results

International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades for macroscopic assessment were 0, 0.7, and 0.7 at 8 weeks and 0, 1.2, and 1.3 at 16 weeks in the C, BMS, and BMS + G-CSF groups, respectively. Wakitani scores for histological assessment were 9.8, 8.7, and 8.2 at 8 weeks and 9.5, 9, and 8.2 at 16 weeks in the C, BMS, and BMS + G-CSF groups, respectively. The BMS + G-CSF group showed significantly more repair than the C group, but there was no difference from the BMS group.

Conclusions

The effect of BMS and G-CSF on chronic PTCDs in mature rabbit knees was limited.
Mnemic Neglect for Behaviors Enacted by Members of One’s Nationality Group
Authors: Zengel Bettina , Skowronski John J. , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: June 2021

People exhibit impaired recall for highly self-threatening information that describes them, a phenomenon called the mnemic neglect effect (MNE). We hypothesized that the MNE extends to recall for information that highly threatens an individual’s important in-group identity. We tested our hypothesis in two experiments in which participants read behaviors depicted as enacted by either in-group members (Experiment 1 = American and Experiment 2 = British) or out-group members (Andorrans). Participants recalled identity-threatening behaviors poorly when enacted by in-group members but not when enacted by out-group members. Additional results evinced in-group favoritism in (1) evaluations of the two groups and (2) trait judgments made from the behaviors, but only on traits central to the self. Finally, mediational analyses suggested that the group-driven memory differences are plausibly due to the global between-group evaluation differences but not the perceived between-group trait judgment differences.
A Method for Computerized Olfactory Assessment and Training Outside of Laboratory or Clinical Settings
Authors: Niedenthal Simon , Nilsson Johannes , Jernsäther Teodor , Cuartielles David , Larsson Maria , Olofsson Jonas K.
Published: June 2021

There are currently few ways to reliably and objectively assess olfaction outside of the research laboratory or clinic. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for remote olfactory assessment; in particular, smell training at home is a promising method for olfactory rehabilitation, but further methodological advances might enhance its effectiveness and range of use. Here, we present Exerscent, a portable, low-cost olfactory display designed primarily for uses outside of the laboratory and that can be operated with a personal computer. Exerscent includes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags that are attached to odor stimuli and read with a MFRC522 module RFID reader/antenna that encodes the odor in order to provide adaptive challenges for the user (e.g., an odor identification task). Hardware parts are commercially available or 3D printed. Instructions and code for building the Exerscent are freely available online ( https://osf.io/kwftm/ ). As a proof of concept, we present a case study in which a participant trained daily to identify 54 odors, improving from 81% to 96% accuracy over 16 consecutive days. In addition, results from a laboratory experiment with 11 volunteers indicated a very high level of perceived usability and engagement. Exerscent may be used for olfactory skills development (e.g., perfumery, enology), and rehabilitation purposes (e.g., postviral olfactory loss), but it also allows for other forms of technological interactions such as olfactory-based recreational interactions.
Student challenges in online architectural design courses in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Asadpour Ali
Published: June 2021

This article addresses student challenges posed by the need for distance learning in architectural design courses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shiraz, Iran, in order to ascertain the student perception of a virtual learning experience. It also outlines the methods of managing an affordable education agenda to design online courses in Iran as a part of global efforts. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in October 2020 based on the exploratory factor analysis. The research sample included architecture and interior architecture undergraduates and postgraduates. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 24. The survey identified six factors as (1) design process and communication skills; (2) self-directed learning; (3) digital sketching, drafting, modeling, and presentation; (4) acquaintances and experiences; (5) technical devices and facilities; and (6) tutorials and assessments. The findings showed some obstacles to the conventional education system in architecture and emphasized the need to redefine the education system based on the new sustainable design pedagogy framework. Therefore, the article proposes a model in which tutors act as consultants and facilitators, whereas students act as self-directed learners. In addition, the e-studio is considered an activity-oriented space to provide an opportunity for interaction, connection, and creativity. The proposed model requires novel learning strategies and tactics.
Placebo and nocebo effects in youth: subjective thermal discomfort can be modulated by a conditioning paradigm utilizing mental states of low and high self-efficacy
Authors: Weik Ella , Neuenschwander Regula , Jensen Karin , Oberlander Tim F , Tipper Christine
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Conditioning is a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in adults, but little is known about these effects in youth. This study investigated whether personalized verbal cues evoking a sense of high or low self-efficacy can induce conditioned placebo and nocebo effects on subjective discomfort of noxious heat in youth.

Methods:

In a structured interview, 26 adolescents (13–18 years) described personal situations in which they experienced a sense of high, low or neutral self-efficacy. Participants were then asked to recall these memories during a conditioning paradigm, in which a high thermal stimulus applied to the forearm was repeatedly paired with a low self-efficacy cue and a low thermal stimulus with a high self-efficacy cue. In a testing phase, high, low and neutral self-efficacy cues were paired with the same moderate temperature. We hypothesized that conditioned high and low self-efficacy cues would induce conditioned placebo and nocebo responses to moderate temperatures.

Results:

Moderate temperatures were rated as more uncomfortable when paired with the conditioned low compared with the neutral self-efficacy cue (nocebo effect). While in the whole-group analysis, there was no significant difference between ratings of moderate thermal stimuli paired with high compared with neutral self-efficacy cues (placebo effect), a sub-group of participants with a greater range of emotional valence between high and neutral self-efficacy cues revealed a significant placebo effect. The strength of the nocebo effect was associated with higher anxiety and lower hope.

Conclusion:

Conditioned associations using internal self-efficacy states can change subjective discomfort of thermal sensations.
The impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kant Surya , Tyagi Richa
Published: June 2021

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a seafood market in Wuhan, China, has ushered in a new era. It transformed into a pandemic, seized global attention, and was the biggest highlight of the year 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has jeopardized health systems and greatly affected socioeconomic parameters. With global focus on fighting this unpredictable fight with this new virus, the biggest chronic infectious killer, mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), was hugely affected from this shift in attention. Due to certain similarities in the behavior of the two infectious agents, there have been inevitable consequences. On one hand, administrative measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 have simultaneously led to a breaking in the chain of tuberculosis (TB) management. Consequently, a regression occurred in the milestones achieved in the battle against TB. On the other hand, the same measures and heightened hygiene awareness has helped to decrease the spread of the TB bacilli. With an improved understanding of the interrelations and the outcomes noticed in 2020, we can better gear ourselves to develop a more sophisticated and robust strategy to tilt the balance against TB. Keeping this in mind, in this review we aim to discuss in detail the implications of SARS-CoV-2 on an already unwavering health hazard: TB.
A rare pediatric case of cluster headaches after cardiac catheterization in a patient with an isolated innominate artery
Authors: Yu Kimberley , Chadehumbe Madeline
Published: June 2021

While cluster headaches are classified and considered a primary headache disorder, secondary causes of cluster headaches have been reported and may provide insight into cluster headaches’ potential pathophysiology. The mechanisms underlying this headache phenotype are poorly understood, and several theories have been proposed that range from the activation within the posterior hypothalamus to autonomic tone dysfunction. We provide a review of reported cases in the literature describing secondary causes after cardiac procedures. We will present a novel pediatric case report of a 16-year-old boy with an isolated innominate artery who presented with acute new-onset headaches 8 h following cardiac catheterization of the aortic arch with arteriography and left pulmonary artery stent placement. The headaches were characterized by attacks of excruciating pain behind the left eye and jaw associated with ipsilateral photophobia, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea, with severe agitation and restlessness. These met the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria for episodic cluster headaches. The headaches failed to respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, dopamine antagonists, and steroids. He showed an immediate response to treatment with oxygen. This unique case of cluster headaches following cardiac catheterization in a pediatric patient with an isolated innominate artery may provide new insight into cluster headaches’ pathogenesis. We hypothesize that the cardiac catheterization induced cardiac autonomic changes that contributed to the development of his cluster headaches. The role of aortic arch anomalies and procedures in potential disruption of the autonomic tone and the causation of cluster headaches is an area requiring further study.
Beware the ureteric stone hidden in a duplex system
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Rooney Helen , Iacovou John
Published: June 2021

Level of evidence: 5
Communicating public health during COVID-19, implications for vaccine rollout
Authors: Bloomfield Peter S , Magnusson Josefine , Walsh Maeve , Naylor Annemarie
Published: June 2021

A large body of information and opinion related to COVID-19 is being shared via social media platforms. Recent reports have raised concerns about the reliability and verifiability of said information being disseminated and the way systems, processes and design of the platforms facilitates such spread. This, alongside other areas of concern, has resulted in several social media platforms taking steps towards tackling the spread of mis- and dis-information. Here we discuss approaches to online public health messaging from a range of sources during COVID-19, with a focus on official and non-official sources in the United Kingdom (UK). We highlight issues for ongoing public health decisions, and the potential impact for the future course of the pandemic.
Effectiveness of a Program Based on Telehealth in Nutritional Knowledge and Body Mass Index in Peruvian University Teachers
Authors: Saintila Jacksaint , Salinas Arias Saulo A. , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E. , Dávila Villavicencio Roussel , Castellanos-Vazquez Antonio J. , Turpo-Chaparro Joel , Pacheco-Espinoza Junior I. , Apaéstegui-Huamán Ana K. , Huancahuire-Vega Salomón , Ruiz Mamani Percy G.
Published: June 2021

Background:

University teachers, as agents of socialization, are one of the most influential groups in improving public health, and their nutritional knowledge can influence both the eating behavior of students and the family.

Objective:

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a telehealth program on the level of nutritional knowledge and body mass index (BMI) of university teachers.

Methods:

A pre-experimental study was carried out from August to December 2020. A pretest and a posttest were applied. The number of teachers in the initial test was 88 and those included in the final evaluation, 83; and they were selected by nonprobability sampling for convenience. The telehealth-based program lasted 18 weeks and included basic information on nutrition and motivational messages. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire before and after the educational program.

Results:

Posttest knowledge scores increased significantly from 6.40 ± 1.70 to 10.59 ± 1.18 ( P < .001). In relation to time, significant variations are observed in weight measurements ( P < .001), BMI ( P < .001), and basic nutritional knowledge ( P < .001) before and after the intervention program.

Conclusion:

The telehealth-based intervention improved basic nutritional knowledge levels and BMI. Likewise, the current findings provide evidence on the importance and need to develop future nutritional education programs that comprehensively encompass all study plans for the benefit of the university community.
Do ESG Endeavors Assist Firms in Achieving Superior Financial Performance? A Case of 100 Best Corporate Citizens
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Azeem , Akbar Minhas , Akbar Ahsan , Poulova Petra
Published: June 2021

Increasing interest in sustainability performance (environmental, social, and governance pillar performance [ESGP]) and corporate financial performance (CFP) is noteworthy. However, we do not find any all-inclusive study that employs both individual components of environmental, social, and governance pillars (ESG) as well as the cumulative ESG score on both the accounting and market performance of firms. Furthermore, we do not find any study that puts forth “best practices” in the ESGP-CFP nexus. Therefore, our study intends to provide additional empirical evidence in this debate by including all three pillars of ESG as well as the overall ESG score by employing a unique sample of “100 best corporate citizens” in the United States declared by 3BL Media during 2009 to 2018. For this purpose, we employ panel vector auto regression (PVAR) that allows us to overcome the methodological challenges faced by some earlier empirical studies. The core findings are: (a) for market-based financial performance (market-to-book ratio [MTB] and Tobin’s Q), our results only confirm ESGP–CFP relationship and suggest that sustained higher commitment to the environmental pillar, consistent socially responsible conduct, and rationalized governance mechanism of the sampled firms are perceived value additive by the market players. (b) For accounting-based financial performance (return on equity [ROE] and return on assets [ROA]), we find a mix of ESGP–CFP and CFP–ESGP relationship for ROE only. Furthermore, factor error variance decomposition (FEVD) analysis reveals that environmental, social, and overall ESG performances of the sampled firms are quite good predictors of future CFP in the market. These findings assert that actively pursuing ESG endeavors can assist firms in achieving superior financial performance.
Analysis of “Yes” Responses to Uniformed Police Marching in Pride: Perspectives From LGBTQ+ Communities in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Giwa Sulaimon , Colvin Roddrick A. , Karki Karun K. , Mullings Delores V. , Bagg Leslie
Published: June 2021

Recently, a number of Canadian police forces have been banned from Pride parades. A ban on uniformed police in these parades has proven to be contentious; the general public and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and plus (LGBTQ+) communities have been split on the issue. Limited research has examined the perspectives of the general population or, until now, LGBTQ+ people on this matter. Using an online survey designed to gather ideas or opinions of LGBTQ+ community members regarding their hopes, aspirations, and vision for the St. John’s Pride board, 181 LGBTQ+ respondents responded to this question: Should the police be allowed to march in uniform at the St. John’s Pride parade? In total, 92 (51%) said “Yes.” A critical analysis of their qualitative responses revealed four interrelated themes: (a) power of Pride, (b) “they are we and we are they,” (c) “the police are on our side,” and (d) taking back Pride. Implications of the findings for police-LGBTQ+ community relations are discussed.
Perceptions on Regulation and Asymmetry of Information as Critical Factors in University Governance in Latin America
Authors: Abello-Romero Juan Bautista , López Daniel , Ganga Francisco , Mancilla Claudio
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the results of an inquiry into Latin American university community members’ perceptions about regulatory processes and asymmetries of information, as influential factors in the governance of Latin American universities. It does so, by examining the national laws in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Mexico. Previous studies in this continent have not considered these aspects and perspectives. Our research found significant differences between countries in terms of the Board of Directors’ capacity to act and the control mechanisms they can employ—which can be interpreted as national differences in the availability of their resources and their regulatory capacities. On the level of asymmetry of information, there are differences between countries, which depend on the position of the university members in their institutions. Thus, regulation and information are important factors when it comes to the governance of Latin American universities, and can explain its’ diversity.
Implications of Lesson Study for Tertiary-Level EFL Teachers’ Professional Development: A Case Study From Turkey
Authors: Bayram İlknur , Bıkmaz Fatma
Published: June 2021

This qualitative case study carried out at a Turkish university with four English language teachers aims to explore what teachers experience in the planning, implementation, analysis, and reporting phases of the lessons study process and what the implications of lesson study for teacher professional development can be. Data in this four-month study were gathered through observations, interviews, whole group discussions, and reflective reports. Findings revealed that lesson study had potential challenges and benefits for the professional development of teachers. The model poses challenges in finding a topic and research question, determining the lesson design and teaching style, making student thinking observable and analyzing qualitative data. On the other hand, it benefited teachers in terms of increasing their pedagogical content knowledge, reflectivity, research skills, collaboration, and collegiality. This study suggests that lesson study might be a good starting point for institutions wishing to adopt a more teacher-led, inquiry-driven and collaborative perspective for professional development.
Child Care Work: Organizational Culture and Health and Safety
Authors: Calabro Karen S. , Bright Kane A. , Cole Frank L , Mackey Thomas , Lindenberg Julie , Grimm Arlynn
Published: June 2021

Abstract A nonrandom sample of child care workers was surveyed to assess whether child care work represented an “at risk” health and safety culture and to measure the organizational dimensions contributing to the health and safety culture. The child care workers in Houston, Texas, were surveyed by mail, using an instrument developed by the research team. The sample population represented 34 child care centers ( n = 240 respondents). The analysis yielded five factors related to determinants of health and safety culture. The participants had a favorable perception of the five health and safety determinants. The participants also reported high levels of injury and illness in their environments, suggesting a less than favorable situation. A culture, work, and health model was useful in examining the relationship between health and safety and organizational culture.
Antagonism in Daily Life: An Exploratory Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Vize Colin E. , Ringwald Whitney R. , Edershile Elizabeth A. , Wright Aidan G. C.
Published: June 2021

Interpersonal antagonism is one of the major domains of maladaptive personality. Structure-based investigations of antagonism have generally been consistent in highlighting the more specific antagonistic traits (e.g., manipulativeness, callousness) that underlie the broader domain. However, less work has attempted to merge structural and functional accounts of antagonism to assess how specific antagonistic traits manifest in daily life. This exploratory study examined how antagonism and its specific features relate to outcomes assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods. Across four independent EMA samples ( N range = 297–396; total N = 1,365; observations per outcome = 5,419–17,735), we investigated how antagonistic traits related to theoretically relevant, EMA-based outcomes (e.g., affect, empathy, coldness-warmth in interpersonal interactions). Results showed robust findings across samples and operationalizations of antagonism (e.g., antagonism’s relation with negative affect), along with more mixed results (e.g., antagonism’s RELATION with different measures of empathy). We discuss future research directions for structural and functional accounts of antagonism.
An Electrocortical Measure Associated With Metarepresentation Mediates the Relationship Between Autism Symptoms and Theory of Mind
Authors: Libsack Erin J. , Trimber Elizabeth , Hauschild Kathryn M. , Hajcak Greg , McPartland James C. , Lerner Matthew D.
Published: June 2021

Impairments in theory of mind (ToM)—long considered common among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—are in fact highly heterogeneous across this population. Although such heterogeneity should be reflected in differential recruitment of neural mechanisms during ToM reasoning, no research has yet uncovered a mechanism that explains these individual differences. In this study, 78 (48 with ASD) adolescents viewed ToM vignettes and made mental-state inferences about characters’ behavior while participant electrophysiology was concurrently recorded. Two candidate event-related-potentials (ERPs)—the late positive complex (LPC) and the late slow wave (LSW)—were successfully elicited. LPC scores correlated positively with ToM accuracy and negatively with ASD symptom severity. Note that the LPC partially mediated the relationship between ASD symptoms and ToM accuracy, which suggests that this ERP component, thought to represent cognitive metarepresentation, may help explain differences in ToM performance in some individuals with ASD.
Competitive Pressure and the Moderating Role of the Knowledge Network on Internationalization Intent of Indian State-owned Enterprises
Authors: Saxena Navin Kumar , Das Satyasiba
Published: June 2021

The incumbent State-owned Enterprises (SOE) are dominant players in the home markets. New entrants’ arrival challenges the SOEs’ market dominance while the technology discontinuity challenges the technical leadership by obsoleting the existing technology. This study focuses on the effect of these competitive pressures on the internationalization intent of the Indian SOEs. The incumbent firms develop a knowledge network in technical and market aspects by working with the partners, the suppliers and the buyers. The study also focuses on the moderating effect of the knowledge networks. This study uses structured equation modelling using the partial least squares technique as the analytical technique. The results confirm the positive effect of technological discontinuity on the internationalization intent. In contrast, new entrants had no such effect. The study also confirms the positive moderating influence of the knowledge network on the effect of technological discontinuity on the internationalization intent.
HRM Through the Lens of an Academic Policy Maker: An Interview with Professor Dr Aamir Firoz Shamsi
Authors: Soomro Noman , Ahmed Ambreen
Published: June 2021

This interview provides an insight into the importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) through the perspective of an academic policymaker. The interview was exploratory and was conducted by considering the role of academic policymakers in the success of the field. The interview has identified vital information on the importance and advancement of HRM, its amalgamation, academia and industry liaison in the development of the HRM curriculum and local contextualisation. The interview also emphasised the factors to achieve HRM optimal growth, concerns to oversee, creation of opportunities, and future challenges and prospects for HRM learners.
No Difference in Ligamentous Strain or Knee Kinematics Between Rectangular or Cylindrical Femoral Tunnels During Anatomic ACL Reconstruction With a Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft
Authors: Burkhart Timothy A. , Hoshino Takashi , Batty Lachlan M. , Blokker Alexandra , Roessler Philip P. , Sidhu Rajeshwar , Drangova Maria , Holdsworth David W. , Petrov Ivailo , Degen Ryan , Getgood Alan M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

As our understanding of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomy has evolved, surgical techniques to better replicate the native anatomy have been developed. It has been proposed that the introduction of a rectangular socket ACL reconstruction to replace a ribbon-shaped ACL has the potential to improve knee kinematics after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To compare a rectangular femoral tunnel (RFT) with a cylindrical femoral tunnel (CFT) in terms of replicating native ACL strain and knee kinematics in a time-zero biomechanical anatomic ACL reconstruction model using a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) graft.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In total, 16 fresh-frozen, human cadaveric knees were tested in a 5 degrees of freedom, computed tomography–compatible joint motion simulator. Knees were tested with the ACL intact before randomization to RFT or CFT ACL reconstruction using a BTB graft. An anterior translation load and an internal rotation moment were each applied at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. A simulated pivot shift was performed at 0° and 30° of knee flexion. Ligament strain and knee kinematics were assessed using computed tomography facilitated by insertion of zirconium dioxide beads placed within the substance of the native ACL and BTB grafts.

Results:

For the ACL-intact state, there were no differences between groups in terms of ACL strain or knee kinematics. After ACL reconstruction, there were no differences in ACL graft strain when comparing the RFT and CFT groups. At 60° of knee flexion with anterior translation load, there was significantly reduced strain in the reconstructed state ([mean ±standard deviation] CFT native, 2.82 ± 3.54 vs CFT reconstructed, 0.95 ± 2.69; RFT native, 2.77 ± 1.71 vs RFT reconstructed, 1.40 ± 1.76) independent of the femoral tunnel type. In terms of knee kinematics, there were no differences when comparing the RFT and CFT groups. Both reconstructive techniques were mostly effective in restoring native knee kinematics and ligament strain patterns as compared with the native ACL.

Conclusion:

In the time-zero biomechanical environment, similar graft strains and knee kinematics were achieved using RFT and CFT BTB ACL reconstructions. Both techniques appeared to be equally effective in restoring kinematics associated with the native ACL state.

Clinical Relevance:

These data suggest that in terms of knee kinematics and graft strain, there is no benefit in performing the more technically challenging RFT as compared with a CFT BTB ACL reconstruction.
Return to Sports After Primary Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes at Mean 4-Year Follow-up
Authors: Tangtiphaiboontana Jennifer , Mara Kristin C. , Jensen Andrew R. , Camp Christopher L. , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin
Published: June 2021

Background:

With the expanding use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) to treat various shoulder conditions, there has been a rise in the number of RSAs performed, especially in physically active patients. Limited information regarding sports after RSA is available to properly counsel patients on postoperative expectations.

Purpose:

To assess the rate of return to sports as well as the ability to return to the same level of preoperative intensity, frequency, and duration of sport after primary RSA.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent primary RSA at our institution between 2014 and 2016. Shoulder motion, Subjective Shoulder Value score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, pre- and postoperative sports activities, and barriers to return to sport were assessed in 109 patients after RSA (93 patients with unilateral RSA and 16 patients with bilateral RSA). The mean age at the time of surgery was 70 years (range, 34-86 years), with a mean follow-up of 3.9 years (range, 2-12 years).

Results:

The mean rate of return to sports was 70.1% (range, 0%-100%). There was no difference in return to sports between those with uni- and bilateral RSA ( P = .64). Fishing, swimming, elliptical/treadmill, and hunting were the most common sports after RSA with return rates of 91%, 73%, 86%, and 82% respectively. A majority of patients returned to the same level of preoperative intensity, frequency, and duration for all sports except for climbing and swimming. There was a lower mean rate of return for high-demand sports (62.9%) compared with low- and medium-demand sports (76.7%) ( P = .005). The most common reasons for inability to return to sports included limited motion, fear of injury, and weakness.

Conclusion:

Patients who had undergone primary uni- or bilateral RSA reported a 70.1% rate of return to sports with maintenance of the same level of intensity, duration, and frequency of preoperative sport participation. Rates of return to high-demand sports were lower than low- and medium-demand sports. Patients also had difficulty returning to overhead sports.
Primary Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Military Servicemembers: Can We Reliably Restore Preinjury Function and Stability?
Authors: Moreland Colleen M. , Shaw K. Aaron , Burks Robert , Baird Michael , Hattaway Joshua , Parada Stephen A. , Waterman Brian R.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patellar instability is a commonly performed procedure with a reported high rate of return to preinjury activity. However, no previous study has assessed the functional outcomes of military servicemembers undergoing MPFL reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Primary MPFL reconstruction confers patellar stability, but with limited return to preinjury function and ability to maintain unrestricted military active duty status.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Using the Management Analysis and Reporting Tool database, we conducted a retrospective review of active duty servicemembers throughout the US Department of Defense Health System who underwent primary MPFL reconstruction between 2012 and 2015. Demographic variables were recorded as well as ability to return to impact activities—defined as running, jumping, rucking with a load >40 pounds (18 kg), and returning to airborne operations—and to remain on active duty status. The rates of recurrent instability and the need for subsequent surgeries were identified and assessed for statistical significance using uni- and multivariate analyses. Patients were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

Of the 213 patients who underwent primary MPFL reconstruction, including 34 with concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy, 19 (8.9%) patients developed recurrent instability. The presence of bilateral patellar instability was associated with higher recurrence rate. Patients with bilateral instability comprised 47.3% of those with recurrence but only 24.9% of patients without recurrence ( P = .019). Impact activity restrictions were present in 57.6% of patients (n = 121), with 86 patients (52.1%) undergoing medical separation from the military. Patients who were prescribed activity restriction before surgery were significantly more likely to have postoperative activity restrictions (64.5%; P = .019), and junior enlisted servicemembers were more likely to be medically separated from service postoperatively than higher ranking senior enlisted members or officers.

Conclusion:

Only 42.4% of US military servicemembers undergoing primary MPFL reconstruction were able to return to unrestricted impact activity after surgery. Bilateral instability negatively affected return to impact activities. Military servicemembers, particularly junior enlisted members, should be counseled on this poor prognosis for a full return to unrestricted activity postoperatively.
Black and Indigenous Inequality in Mexico: Implications for Multiracialism and Intersectionality Research
Authors: Sue Christina A. , Riosmena Fernando
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, an increasing number of Latin American countries have included ethnoracial questions on their censuses, giving rise to unprecedented data on monoracial and multiracial forms of classification. In Mexico, the government launched a count of its black population for the first time in the nation’s history in 2015, in addition to its long-standing practice of enumerating its indigenous population. Most recently in 2018, it conducted a survey, again asking about both black and indigenous identification. Within this short time span, the black population grew from 1.8 percent to 5.9 percent, becoming a sizable, statistically visible minority. A large majority of black individuals also identified as indigenous, revealing an important form of dual-minority multiracialism. In this article, we analyze these unprecedented data, detailing the size, composition, and growth of these populations. We use the Mexican case to illustrate the potential implications of measuring ethnoracial inequality using single- versus dual-category approaches. We find that black disadvantage is considerably more pronounced when explicitly allowing for multiracial classification. Methodologically, our findings contribute to nascent conversations about how to incorporate the new social and statistical realities of multiracialism in inequality analyses. Theoretically, we expand the multiracialism literature from its traditional focus on part-white mixtures, to a focus on overlapping minority classification. Finally, we build on theories of intersectionality, which generally focus on intersections of oppression across multiple “master statuses” (e.g., race, class, and gender), by also examining intersecting oppressions within the single master status of race.
“Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families”: Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy
Authors: Dhingra Pawan
Published: June 2021

Discussions of white supremacy focus on patterns of whites’ stature over people of color across institutions. When a minority group achieves more than whites, it is not studied through the lens of white supremacy. For example, arguments of white supremacy in K-12 schools focus on the disfranchisement of African Americans and Latinxs. Discussions of high-achieving Asian American students have not been framed as such and, in fact, can be used to argue against the existence of white privilege. This article explains why this conception is false. White supremacy can be active even when people of color achieve more than whites. Drawing from interviews and observations of mostly white educators in Boston suburbs that have a significant presence of Asian American students, I demonstrate that even when Asian Americans outcompete whites in schools, white supremacy is active through two means. First, Asian Americans are applauded in ways that fit a model minority stereotype and frame other groups as not working hard enough. Second and more significantly, Asian Americans encounter anti-Asian stereotypes and are told to assimilate into the model of white educators. This treatment is institutionalized within the school system through educators’ practices and attitudes. These findings somewhat support but mostly contrast the notion of “honorary whiteness,” for they show that high-achieving minorities are not just tools of white supremacy toward other people of color but also targets of it themselves. Understanding how high-achieving minorities experience institutionalized racism demonstrates the far reach of white supremacy.