bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Nonoptimal Serum Digoxin Concentrations in a Cohort of Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Carroll Douglas N. , Murray Timothy M.
Published: August 2010

A recent post-hoc analysis of the Digitalis Investigation Group trial provides evidence that serum digoxin concentrations between 0.5 and 0.8 ng/mL may be optimal in the management of heart failure (HF).

Purpose

To evaluate the appropriateness of digoxin concentrations in patients treated for HF.

Methods

Serum digoxin concentrations and any subsequent changes in digoxin dosing were evaluated for hospitalized patients. Serum concentrations between 0.5 and 0.8 ng/mL were considered optimal for HF management.

Results

Over the period of May to November 2003, 119 patient admissions were evaluated accounting for 192 serum digoxin measurements. Of these measurements, 118 (61.5%) met both post-distributional and steady-state concentration criteria. Thirty-five (29.7%) concentrations were within the optimal range for HF, while the remaining 83 (70.3%) were either too high or low. Of those considered to be within an optimal range, eight (22.9%) received subsequent digoxin dose adjustments. Of the 83 concentrations considered to be nonoptimal for HF, only 18 (21.7%) received subsequent dose adjustments.

Conclusions

This study reveals that digoxin serum concentrations frequently lie outside of the optimal range for the management of HF. Response to these nonoptimal values is often inadequate or incorrect, indicating that there may be a delay in applying recent evidence into clinical practice in the patient population evaluated in this study. There appears to be a need for education about the use of digoxin in HF and adjustment in the “normal” range of digoxin concentrations reported by laboratories.
A Comparison of a Fentanyl, Morphine, and Hydromorphone Patient-Controlled Intravenous Delivery for Acute Postoperative Analgesia: A Multicenter Study of Opioid-Induced Adverse Reactions
Authors: Hutchison Rob W. , Chon Eun Hae , Tucker William F. , Gilder Richard , Moss Janet , Daniel Phyllis
Published: August 2010

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a widely used delivery system for intravenous (IV) administration of opioids during acute post-operative pain management. Various opioids have been used for IV PCA including morphine, meperidine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl. Morphine is by far the most commonly used opioid in this setting, yet the selection of morphine as the primary opioid is based largely on tradition. Meperidine should not be considered in the PCA armamentarium due to the associated risk of central nervous system toxicity from its metabolite normeperidine. The objective of this study is to compare the rate of opioid-induced adverse reactions among three IV PCA opioids, fentanyl, morphine, and hydromorphone, in acute post-operative pain management. Although morphine is the most frequently used opioid, the results from three US hospitals indicate that fentanyl IV PCA had a significantly lower rate of common opioid induce adverse reactions (nausea/vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, or sedation), when compared to IV PCA morphine and hydromorphone in acute post-operative pain management. The median pain score on post-operative day-1 and -2 was significantly lower in fentanyl IV PCA group. The quantity of opioid in each group was not significantly different when converted to an analgesic equivalence. Morphine and hydromorphone IV PCA were no different in rates of adverse reactions in any area; although, the hydromorphone group trended toward a lower pruritus and urinary retention rate compared to morphine, but this was not statistically significant. The rate of respiratory depression was not significantly different between the three opioids. Fentanyl IV PCA is an under used opioid for post-operative acute-pain management and should be considered more often due to the lower adverse reaction profile.
Proactively Eliminating the Risk of “Never” Events; Read-Back Works; Safety Problems with Non-formulary Drugs; Vincristine Therapy: Days “4-11” Misunderstood as Days 4 through 11
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: August 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Pharmacists' Right to Refuse to Dispense Prescriptions Based on Moral Grounds: A Summary of State Laws and Regulations
Authors: Hopkins Denise , Boss Marsha
Published: August 2010

Although most states have laws that explicitly allow physicians to refuse to provide certain medical services, the policies pertaining to pharmacists are less clear. The purpose of this report is to determine which states have laws or regulations that address a pharmacist's right to refuse to dispense prescriptions based on moral grounds.

Fifty Boards of Pharmacy were contacted via phone or E-mail regarding regulations as well as active or pending legislation. Information was also solicited from various state Governors' legislative offices and Web sites.

Typically, individual state practice codes allow pharmacists to refuse to fill a prescription if in their professional judgment the prescription is outside the scope of practice of the prescriber; if the validity of the prescription is in question; or to protect the health and welfare of the patient. Only five states have a “conscience clause” that allows a pharmacist to refuse to fill or refill certain prescriptions, which he or she finds morally objectionable: Arkansas (contraceptives only), California, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Dakota (abortifacients and assisted suicide only). In contrast, Illinois, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania have an emergency rule or regulation, which states or implies that all legal prescriptions must be dispensed or transferred. Seventeen states considered proposed bills during their respective 2005 legislative session

The rights of pharmacists to refuse to dispense certain prescriptions vary widely from state to state. The protection provided to an individual pharmacist may be very broad or very specific depending on the wording of the statute or regulation.
Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: August 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD-ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The December 2006 monograph topics are panitumumab, sitagliptin phosphate, fentanyl buccal tablet, arformoterol tartrate, and vorinostat. The DUE is fentanyl buccal.
Rheological Properties of Acid-Activated Bentonite Dispersions
Authors: Liang Hu-Nan , Long Zhu , Zhang Hui , Yang Shu-Hui
Published: August 2010

Acid-activated bentonites are utilized in many applications, including those that depend on their rheological properties and behavior, but little information is available regarding the rheological characteristics of this important industrial material. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of solids concentration, salt concentration, and pH value on the shear rate, shear stress, and other flow parameters of acid-activated bentonite suspensions. Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid. Flow curves of the suspensions were modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which performed well for this system. The Herschel-Bulkley yield stress increased with the solids concentration and showed a maximum and minimum at the NaCl concentrations of 0.001 M and 0.01 M, respectively, and increased again slightly with further increases in NaCl concentration. The yield stress was at a maximum and a minimum at pH values of ≈5 and ≈7, respectively, followed by a slight increase with pH under alkaline conditions. The variations in dispersion rheological properties can be attributed to the change in the particle-association modes under different conditions.
Diffusion of Calcium Chloride in a Modified Bentonite: Impact on Osmotic Efficiency and Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Mazzieri Francesco , Di Emidio Gemmina , Van Impe Peter O.
Published: August 2010

Chemically modified bentonites are being developed with the aim of preserving low hydraulic conductivity in the presence of potentially aggressive permeants in pollutant-containment applications. ‘Multiswellable’ bentonite (MSB) has been obtained by treating standard sodium bentonite with propylene carbonate. Research on the engineering properties of MSB has focused mainly on permeability and chemical compatibility. Solute diffusion and membrane behavior in MSB have not yet been investigated. A combined chemico-osmotic/diffusion test was performed on a MSB specimen using a 5 mM CaCl2 solution. Permeability with distilled water and with the 5 mM CaCl2 solution was measured prior to and after the chemico-osmotic/diffusion tests. The material exhibited time-dependent membrane behavior with a peak osmotic efficiency value (ω) of 0.172 that gradually shifted to zero upon breakthrough of calcium ions. Effective diffusion coefficients of calcium and chloride ions were in the range commonly described for untreated bentonite at similar porosities. After the chemico-osmotic/diffusion stage and permeation with 5 mM CaCl2, the hydraulic conductivity of MSB increased from 1.1 × 10−11 m/s to 7.0 × 10−11 m/s. The MSB was apparently converted into a calcium-exchanged bentonite at the end of the test. Prehydration and subsequent permeation might have contributed to elution of the organic additive from the clay. Further investigation is recommended to clarify the effect of prehydration on the hydraulic performance of MSB in the presence of potentially aggressive permeants.
Dissolution of Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb Single- and Multi-Metal-Substituted Goethite: Relationship to Structural, Morphological, and Dehydroxylation Properties
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Singh Balwant , Kennedy Brendan J.
Published: August 2010

The morphology, dehydroxylation, and dissolution properties of single- and multi-metal (Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb)-substituted goethites prepared using hydrothermal methods are reported. The crystal morphology varied with the nature and the number of metals present in the system. The presence of Cr produced broader crystals while Zn, Cd, and Pb produced narrower crystals than pure goethite. The presence of multiple metals retards the crystal growth of the mineral. Metal substitution caused changes in the unit-cell parameters and the infrared (IR) spectra of the samples. The IR spectra were also sensitive to the morphology of the crystals. The separation of γO and δOH bending frequencies increased with increase in area and aspect ratio of the (100) crystal face. The dissolution-kinetics studies (1 M HCl, 40ºC) of single-metal-substituted goethite provided the following dissolution rate order: Zn- > Pb(II)- ≥ Pb(IV)- > unsubstituted > Cd- > Cr-goethite. More complex results were obtained for the multi-metal-substituted samples. In the di-metal-substituted goethites, incorporation of Cr suppressed the dissolution rate of Zn-substituted goethite by 85% and Cd suppressed the dissolution rate of Zn-substituted goethite by 53%. Similarly, incorporated Cr and Cd suppressed the dissolution rate of Pb(II)-substituted goethite by 50%. The dissolution rates of multi-metal-substituted goethite were linearly related to the steric strains derived from the lattice parameters of the mineral. Dissolution studies also showed that Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb(IV) were distributed homogeneously throughout goethite crystals while Pb(II) was enriched in the near-surface regions of the crystals. Incorporation of Cr and Pb(II) increased, while Zn and Pb(IV) decreased the dehydroxylation temperature of single-metal-substituted goethites. Incorporation of Zn suppressed the effect of Cr on the dehydroxylation temperature in multi-metal-substituted goethites.
Performing Change/Changing Performance: An Exploration of the Life of a Street Play by the Jana Natya Manch
Authors: Ghosh Arjun
Published: August 2010

This article takes a close look at the production and performance of a political street play by one of India's foremost street theatre groups. The play in question was created in the aftermath of the anti-Muslim violence in Gujarat in February and March 2002. Subsequently, the play continued to be part of the campaign against Hindu fascistic tendencies. The article focuses on the mechanisms through which political arguments are transformed into aesthetically appealing theatre and how work is continually revised to adapt to changing political circumstances.
"Sacrifice" in the Harry Potter Series from a Girardian Perspective
Authors: Wandinger Nikolaus
Published: August 2010

René Girard and his mimetic theory have undergone an interesting development with respect to the category of sacrifice . While the early Girard saw sacrifice as a development within the scapegoat mechanism, he later came to distinguish two types of sacrifice: one being part of scapegoating and belonging to pre-Biblical religion; the other being the sacrifice of self-offering and conforming to the act of Jesus of Nazareth. That way Girard could uphold his earlier analyses about pre-Christian sacrifice and still accept the Christian teaching that Jesus' death was indeed a sacrifice, yet of a different kind. As it happens, the popular Harry Potter series of novels, which was concluded in July 2007 with the publication of the seventh volume, is suffused with the language of sacrifice , beginning with Harry's mother giving her life for her son and ending with Harry "self-sacrificing" in order to end the reign of the evil Lord Voldemort. The question is, what type of sacrifice do the popular novels espouse? Are they pre-Christian, Christian, or a syncretism of any kind? Presupposing Girard's developed idea of sacrifice , I will argue that J. K. Rowling's novels do propagate a Christian conception of sacrifice, while depicting perversions of it as well. I will look at the novels from a theological perspective. By illustrating conceptions of sacrifice with pivotal scenes from the novels, I will argue that these novels indeed espouse a late-Girardian—or, if you will, Christian—view of sacrifice.
Down the Santa Fe Trail to the City Upon a Hill
Authors: Menard Andrew
Published: August 2010

The city upon a hill can be seen as one of the nation's earliest and most enduring symbols of expansion. Conceived as an anxious trade-off between obligation and ambition, Winthrop's model of a New World community looked to the common good of close settlement while pushing the frontier ever westward. The result was an insistent dialectic between civilization and savagery, renewal, and degeneration—and the recurring nature of this dialectic helped to shape a number of western narratives. Easily the most radical was Susan Shelby Magoffin's journal of the Santa Fe Trail (1846–47). Both thrilled and unmoored by a life of constant flux, Magoffin developed a distinctly feminine view of the city upon a hill—what might be called a "displaced domesticity"—which brought it into alignment with a nation about to transform Winthrop's famous model into manifest destiny.
A General Factor of Personality (GFP) in the Personality Disorders: Three Studies of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology — Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ)
Authors: Rushton J. Philippe , Irwing Paul , Booth Tom
Published: August 2010

We used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that a General Factor of Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality disorders in three validation samples of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology — Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ). In a general population sample (N= 942), we found a GFP explained 34% of the variance in four first-order factors and 33% of the variance in all 18 scales. In a twin sample (N= 1,346), a GFP explained 35% of the variance in four first-order factors and 34% of the variance in all 18 scales. In a clinical sample (N= 656), a GFP explained 34% of the variance in four first-order factors and 30% of the variance in all 18 scales.
Mates and Marriage Matter: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Subjective Wellbeing Across Marital Status
Authors: Nes Ragnhild B. , Røysamb Espen , Harris Jennifer R. , Czajkowski Nikolai , Tambs Kristian
Published: August 2010

Specific environments and social relationships may alter the impact of genes. Previous studies have shown marriage to moderate heritability for depressive symptoms in females, suggesting that marriage provides protection or compensation against genetic risks. Similar mechanisms may be relevant for subjective wellbeing (SWB), which is considerably influenced by genes and almost universally associated with marital status. Questionnaire data on SWB from a population-based sample of 1250 monozygotic (MZ) and 981 dizygotic (DZ) male and female twin pairs (n= 4462) were analyzed using structural equation modeling by means of Mx to investigate genetic and environmental influences on SWB across marital status. Resemblance for SWB in MZ twins exceeded that of DZ twins, but the magnitude of this difference varied across marital status. Genetic factors explained 51% and 54% of the variance in SWB among unmarried males and females, and 41% and 39% in married or cohabitating respondents. Remaining variance was attributable to the nonshared environment. The genetic influences were partly different (rg= 0.64) across marital status in females, but overlapping in married and single males. Our findings show that marriage moderates the magnitude of genetic influences on SWB in both males and females, with a smaller estimate of genetic influences for those with a marital or equivalent partner. The genetic influences on SWB are thus clearly contingent on the environmental context.
Major Depression and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Foley Debra L. , Morley Katherine I. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Heath Andrew C. , Whitfield John B. , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study is to characterize the relationship between major depression and the metabolic syndrome in a large community based sample of Australian men and women aged 26–90 years. A lifetime history of major depression was assessed by telephone interview following the DSM–III-R. A current history of metabolic syndrome was assessed following the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP AP-III) guidelines 1 to 3 years later. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between depression and the metabolic syndrome, and its component criteria, controlling for age, sex and alcohol dependence. There was no association between a lifetime history of major depression and the presence of the metabolic syndrome. There was a weak association between depression and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with other component criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Despite calls for interventions directed at depression to reduce the onset of the metabolic syndrome there are important failures to replicate in large samples such as this, no consensus regarding the threshold at which depression may pose a significant risk even allowing for heterogeneity across populations, and no consensus regarding confounders that may explain inter-study differences. The absence of any dosage effect of depression on the associated risk for the metabolic syndrome in other unselected samples does not support a direct causal relationship. The call for intervention studies on the basis of the currently published evidence base is unwarranted.
Sexual Behaviour of Women With Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Stammler-Safar Maria , Ott Johannes , Weber Stefanie , Krampl Elisabeth
Published: August 2010

It has been assumed that sexual activity during pregnancy would lead to an increased risk for miscarriage and other complications of pregnancy. Various studies showed no association of sexual behavior and pregnancy complications in single pregnancies. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in sexual activity in women with twin pregnancies and whether a higher frequency of sexual intercourse was associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications. We report on 50 women with twin pregnancies who answered a questionnaire on sexual behavior during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, patients were aged 31.0 ± 4.8 years. All women reported to have had sexual intercourse during pregnancy. In contrast to the first trimester in the vast majority of patients (41/50, 82.0%) the coital frequency decreased in the last month of pregnancy. Patients who had become pregnant after in-vitro fertilization were significantly less likely to have regular sexual intercourse than patients after spontaneous conception during early pregnancy (p= .002). No statistical significances were found when the rates of preterm delivery before the 37th gestational week were compared to the frequencies of sexual intercourse during early pregnancy and during late pregnancy (p>.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates a decrease in frequency of sexual intercourse from early to late pregnancy in the specific collective of women with twin pregnancies, especially in women after in-vitro fertilization. There was no association between sexual activity and preterm delivery.
A reforma do estado dos anos 90: lógica e mecanismos de controle
Authors: Bresser Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2010

Examina-se a fundamentação da reforma do Estado em quatro dimensões: delimitação da abrangência institucional e redução do tamanho do Estado; demarcação do papel regulador do Estado; aumento da capacidade de governança; e aumento da governabilidade. Argumenta-se que a reestruturação em curso, nessas quatro dimensões, tem por objetivo recuperar a capacidade do Estado de promover o desenvolvimento.
Avaliação de compostos de borracha natural utilizados em equipamentos de segurança
Authors: Paz Jr. Emilio M. de , Wolski Camila M. O. , Machado Rafael P. , Kowalski Edemir L. , Munaro Marilda , Pombeiro Anselmo
Published: August 2010

No setor elétrico, a borracha natural (BN) tem sido amplamente utilizada na confecção de ferramentas isolantes. Esses são itens essenciais para a segurança e proteção de trabalhadores da área de manutenção de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. A boa conservação dessas ferramentas deve ser assegurada com o objetivo de garantir o isolamento elétrico e resistência mecânica adequados, portanto a avaliação dos processos de degradação se torna importante. Neste trabalho duas formulações de borracha natural comerciais, utilizadas na confecção de equipamentos de proteção coletiva (EPC's), foram caracterizadas por envelhecimento térmico, ensaios mecânicos, termogravimétricos, análise termo-dinâmico mecânica, inchamento e extração.
Utilização do soro de mandioca como substrato fermentativo para a biosíntese de goma xantana: viscosidade aparente e produção
Authors: Brandão Líllian V. , Esperidião Maria C. A. , Druzian Janice I.
Published: August 2010

Goma xantana é um biopolímero comercial produzido por fermentação de glicose e Xanthomonas com larga aplicação industrial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a síntese e a viscosidade da goma obtida por cepas nativas de Xanthomonas campestris utilizando soro de mandioca como substrato fermentativo alternativo. Três tipos de Xanthomonas foram utilizados. A maior produção foi de 13,83 g.L-1 obtida do meio fermentativo com X. campestris mangiferaeindicae a 25 ºC, 250 rpm por 120 horas apresentando uma viscosidade aparente de 96,14 cP na concentração de 2,0% de solução de xantana a 25 s-1, 25 ºC. O uso do resíduo industrial de soro de mandioca para biossíntese da xantana é uma alternativa de baixo custo para o processo fermentativo e um destino para esse soro.
Resistência à erosão por cavitação de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos CrMnSiN depositados por PTA
Authors: Ribeiro Hélio Ormeu , Buschinelli Augusto José de Almeida , Dutra Jair Carlos , D´Oliveira Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro
Published: August 2010

A erosão por cavitação deteriora componentes em serviço, tais como partes metálicas de bombas de água, válvulas e, em especial, pás de turbinas hidráulicas, sendo nesse último caso responsável por elevados prejuízos ligados tanto aos custos da manutenção direta, como sobretudo às perdas por interrupção na geração de energia elétrica. Dentre os materiais aplicados no reparo por soldagem de danos por cavitação incluem-se aços inoxidáveis tradicionais tipo AISI 308 e 309, aços inoxidáveis ao Co e ligas à base de Co (stellites), caracterizando-se essas últimas pela maior sensibilidade a trincas, dificuldade de esmerilhamento e pelo mais alto custo. Nesse contexto este trabalho buscou formular, depositar e analisar o desempenho de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos CrMnSiN, soldados pelo processo PTA. A resistência à erosão por cavitação foi avaliada segundo a norma ASTM G 32-92. A microestrutura foi caracterizada por microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a formação de martensitas α' e ε, induzida pela cavitação, foi avaliada por difração de raios-X. A integridade da superfície dos depósitos foi controlada por END, além disso a dureza e a facilidade de acabamaneto por esmerilhamento serviram como critérios para avaliar os revestimentos soldados. Verificou-se que os revestimentos aplicados por PTA eram livres de trincas de solidificação, com baixa porosidade, boa molhabilidade e adequado acabamento superficial. A melhor liga inoxidável austenítica elaborada (0,03%C; 0,35% N; 13,2%Cr; 11,8% Mn; 2,8%Si; bal %Fe) mostrou uma resistência à erosão por cavitação próxima aquela das principais ligas comerciais.
Ensaio para medição de nível e alcance de respingos em soldagem MIG/MAG
Authors: Fernandes Diandro Bailoni , Menezes Júnior Luiz Carlos de , Vilarinho Louriel Oliveira , Scotti Américo
Published: August 2010

Respingos significam perda de material que deveria ser depositado na junta, além de requerer esforço extra para remoção da superfície da peça. Assim, são indesejáveis e devem ser minimizados. Diferentes abordagens têm sido propostas na literatura para reduzir respingos no processo MIG/MAG. Entretanto, uma primeira pergunta fundamental deve ser respondida: como se quantificar de forma detalhada o nível de respingos em soldagem? Desta forma, este trabalho trata da proposição de um ensaio que consiste basicamente em coletar os respingos gerados durante a realização de cordões de solda feitos com o processo MIG/MAG no modo de transferência metálica por curto-circuito, sob uma condição de soldagem padronizada. A qualificação da geração de respingos é feita em um coletor padrão de respingos, através da separação e coleta do material em três regiões distintas de alcance. De forma quantitativa, este ensaio fornece os índices Rendimento de Deposição, Distribuição Percentual Total por Alcance e Distribuição Percentual por Tamanho de Respingo para cada faixa de alcance.
Efeito do teor de carbono do metal de base e da alma do eletrodo revestido sobre a porosidade em soldas molhadas
Authors: Andrade Luciano G. D. , Dias Weslley C. , Ribeiro Leandro F. , Bracarense Alexandre Q. , Pessoa Ezequiel C. P. , Liu Stephen
Published: August 2010

Porosidade é um defeito comum em soldagem subaquática molhada. Vários estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de avaliar os mecanismos que controlam sua formação e assim encontrar soluções para minimizá-la ou eliminá-la. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da variação dos teores de carbono do metal de base e da alma do eletrodo sobre a porosidade do metal de solda. Dois diferentes metais de base, com variações apenas no teor de carbono (C2 - 0,1% e C7 - 0,7%), foram utilizados para deposição das soldas feitas à 50 metros de profundidade, utilizando eletrodos comerciais E6013 com diferentes teores de carbono na alma (E2 - 0,002% e E6 -0,6%), em polaridade direta (DCEN). O método macrográfico de análise de imagens foi utilizado para a quantificação da porosidade. Utilizando os metais de base C2 e C7, observou-se que a porosidade aumentou significativamente com o aumento do teor de carbono da alma do eletrodo. Em contrapartida, observou-se uma redução da porosidade com o aumento do teor de carbono do metal de base utilizando-se os eletrodos E2 e E6.
Comparação dos resultados da fonoterapia e fonoterapia associada à acupuntura na paralisia facial periférica
Authors: Rosa Márcia Cristina de Paula , Moreira Ana Flávia Mourão , Araújo Lília Barbosa de , Moreira Júnior Luiz Cláudio , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: comparar a eficácia da fonoterapia e da Acupuntura associada à fonoterapia em pacientes com paralisia facial periférica de Bell. MÉTODOS: foram encaminhados para tratamento fonoaudiológico 15 pacientes, dos quais oito foram selecionados randomicamente para fonoterapia associada à Acupuntura, constituindo o grupo experimental. Os dois grupos passaram por avaliação, seguida pelas sessões de tratamento e logo após foram reavaliados, por um examinador externo. Os dados foram analisados por testes de hipóteses com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a mediana do número de sessões foi de 12,0 para o grupo controle e 5,5 para o grupo experimental (p=0,007), sendo que todos os integrantes deste último receberam alta terapêutica. Das 10 variáveis correlacionadas à mobilidade, quatro (40,0%) apresentaram melhora significante no grupo controle e sete (70,0%) no grupo experimental. Em relação à tonicidade, das 11 variáveis analisadas verificou-se melhora em sete (63,6%) no grupo submetido apenas à fonoterapia e em 11 (100,0%) no grupo submetido à fonoterapia associada à Acupuntura. Quanto às 15 medidas faciais investigadas houve melhora nos dois grupos, sendo esta mais evidente no grupo experimental. Apenas uma variável (6,7%) apresentou valor significante no que se refere àdiferença entre os dois grupos na reavaliação. Em contrapartida, na comparação entre a avaliação e a reavaliação verificou-se valores significantes em sete variáveis (46,7%), sendo que em cinco (33,3%) a melhora foi mais evidente no grupo experimental. CONCLUSÃO: a associação da terapia fonoaudiológica com a Acupuntura foi mais eficaz no tratamento da paralisia facial periférica de Bell, na amostra estudada.
Disfunções temporomandibulares: sinais, sintomas e abordagem multidisciplinar
Authors: Donnarumma Mariana Del Cistia , Muzilli Carlos Alberto , Ferreira Cristiane , Nemr Kátia
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: verificar perfil, queixa e principais sinais e sintomas de uma amostra de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular que estiveram ou estão em tratamento ortodôntico e observar a ocorrência de atendimentos multidisciplinares. MÉTODOS: foram coletados dados de 125 prontuários em uma clínica odontológica da cidade de Sorocaba e os itens analisados nos prontuários foram: sexo, idade, profissão, queixa, três principais sinais e sintomas dos pacientes e se houve encaminhamento para avaliação fonoaudiológica, fisioterápica e psicológica. RESULTADOS: predominância feminina, sendo 107 mulheres (85,6%) e 18 homens (14,4%). Média de idade de 35 anos, sendo a menor idade 14 anos e a maior 74 anos. Relação da disfunção temporomandibular com as profissões: 43 (34,4%) eram profissionais com vínculo empregatício. Queixa trazida pelo paciente: dor na região da articulação temporomandibular e masseter: 86 - (68,8%). Três principais sinais e sintomas observados na avaliação ortodôntica: dor na região da articulação temporomandibular e masseter: 98 - 78,4%; estalos unilaterais: 55 - 44% e travamento: 23 - 18,4%. Conduta de encaminhamentos: fonoaudiologia 59 (47,2%); fisioterapia 40 (32%) e psicologia 53 (42,4%). CONCLUSÃO: na amostra pesquisada, a prevalência de casos de disfunção temporomandibular foi maior no sexo feminino, com queixa de dor. Os principais sinais e sintomas foram: dor, estalo unilateral e travamento e houve encaminhamento para atendimentos multidisciplinares nas áreas de Fonoaudiologia, Fisioterapia e Psicologia.
A contribuição de estudos transversais na área da linguagem com enfoque em afasia
Authors: Sitta Érica Ibelli , Arakawa Aline Megumi , Caldana Magali de Lourdes , Peres Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales
Published: August 2010

TEMA: um dos delineamentos mais empregados na pesquisa epidemiológica consiste no estudo transversal. Este consiste em uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para a descrição de características da população e para a identificação de grupos de risco. Considerando a afasia uma desintegração da linguagem, é necessário compreender as dissociações e comprometimentos pertinentes. OBJETIVO: analisar estudos epidemiológicos de caráter transversal que focam alterações em pacientes afásicos adultos para investigação das suas principais manifestações. CONCLUSÃO: estudos transversais mostram meios de buscar compreender como esta modificação de saúde abrange os sinais e sintomas relacionados. Considerando que a linguagem por ser um meio de comunicação privilegiado, para o afásico, a perda desse instrumento torna-se uma fonte de isolamento e de solidão. Assim, a identificação de indivíduos portadores de afasia pode contribuir ao diagnóstico preciso, corroborando a compreensão dos achados fonoaudiológicos em linguagem e no auxílio à reabilitação. Porém, estas evidências científicas deverão ser efetivadas em conjunto aos estudos longitudinais para dar suporte à criação de novas técnicas e estratégias de recuperação para os lesionados cerebrais favorecendo a melhora da comunicação e consequente interatividade.
Análise de diferentes estudos epidemiológicos em Audiologia realizados no Brasil
Authors: Arakawa Aline Megumi , Sitta Érica Ibelli , Caldana Magali de Lourdes , Sales-Peres Sílvia Helena de Carvalho
Published: August 2010

TEMA: a audição, responsável pela aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem, é um dos sentidos que permitem a ocorrência das relações interpessoais e com o meio ambiente. Desta forma, o levantamento epidemiológico da prevalência de deficientes auditivos em uma comunidade é de extrema importância para a adequação das medidas de saúde pública nos vários níveis de prevenção. OBJETIVO: verificar na literatura científica, estudos que tiveram por interesse a busca de conhecimento no âmbito epidemiológico relacionados à perda auditiva no Brasil. Foram utilizados um total de 13 artigos sendo, 11 de estudos transversais, um estudo caso-controle, e outro estudo de coorte. CONCLUSÃO: Os trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional têm recebido maior atenção por parte dos estudos epidemiológicos, diferentemente da população idosa e neonatal. Apenas um estudo com base populacional, seguindo o Protocolo sugerido pela OMS, foi realizado. É importante a realização de mais estudos relacionados à deficiência auditiva no país a fim de elaborar ações de saúde e assistência adequadas às necessidades locais.
Ingesta oral do paciente hospitalizado com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica
Authors: Silvério Carolina Castelli , Hernandez Ana Maria , Gonçalves Maria Inês Rebelo
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: verificar a evolução na ingesta oral e a ocorrência de broncopneumonias (BCP) em pacientes hospitalizados com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica, após atuação fonoaudiológica. MÉTODOS: 50 pacientes adultos, divididos em grupos: I: 31 pacientes pós-acidente vascular encefálico; II: sete pacientes pós-traumatismo crânio-encefálico; III: 12 pacientes com demência. Foram levantadas as informações antes e após a atuação fonoaudiológica: nível da Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), ocorrência de BCP; número de atendimentos fonoaudiológicos e motivo de interrupção destes. RESULTADOS: houve aumento significativo dos níveis da escala FOIS e redução do percentual de ocorrência de BCP nos três grupos estudados. Nos grupos pós-AVE e demência a interrupção da fonoterapia ocorreu devido à alta hospitalar, enquanto que no grupo pós-TCE devido à alta fonoaudiológica. CONCLUSÃO: os pacientes deste estudo demonstraram avançar das consistências alimentares na ingesta oral, e redução da ocorrência de BCP, após a intervenção fonoaudiológica com relação à disfagia.
Nutritional management and disease prevention in healthy dogs and cats
Authors: Fascetti Andrea J.
Published: August 2010

Healthy animals normally eat sufficient food to satisfy their energy requirements. It is one of the jobs of the nutritionist to ensure that all other nutrient needs have been met when animals stop eating because they have met their energy needs. While dogs and cats are members of the biological order Carnivora, scientific observation and research support that differences in their metabolism and nutritional requirements exist. However, the goal in feeding both species is the same; to optimize the health and well-being of the individual. This approach results in dietary recommendations that will vary from individual animal to animal, based on a variety of factors that include the animal's signalment, occupation and environment. Feeding approaches vary between the two species and within the same species during different physiological life stages. However, the practice of feeding to maintain a lean body condition is a common goal. The maintenance of a lean body condition has been proven to increase both the quantity and quality of life in dogs. Currently, similar data does not exist in cats but is suspected to hold true. Each dog and cat's feeding program should be assessed routinely and adjustments made as indicated based on the animal's body condition, life stage and general health.
A tilapicultura e seus insumos, relações econômicas
Authors: Scorvo Filho João Donato , Frascá-Scorvo Célia Maria Dória , Alves João Manoel Cordeiro , Souza Fernanda Rinaldi Alves de
Published: August 2010

A aquicultura brasileira é a segunda (destaque para o Chile) em produção sul-americana, apoiada basicamente nas cadeias de produção da tilapicultura e da carcinicultura. O Brasil produziu, em 2007, 95.691,0 toneladas de tilápia, o que representa 45% da produção da aquicultura continental. A aquicultura formada por pequenos e médios produtores vem mostrando, nos últimos anos, mudança nos sistemas de criação. Até a o final da década de 90, ela se baseava no sistema semi-intensivo em viveiros escavados e de barragens. A partir do ano de 2000, surge, com força, a tilapicultura em tanques-rede, principalmente em águas da União (grandes reservatórios de hidroelétricas e açudes da Região Nordeste). Esta mudança acarretou alterações na cadeia de produção, uma vez que são necessários insumos adequados ao sistema: rações específicas, material genético compatível com a criação e formas de escoamento da produção, uma vez que no novo sistema apresenta maior escala de produção. O sistema agroindustrial do pescado abrange dois sistemas de produção distintos: a pesca (sistema extrativo) e a aquicultura (sistema produtivo). Alguns elos deste sistema são compartilhados pelos dois sistemas, porém ração e material genético são exclusivos da aquicultura. Nos elos de transformação, distribuição e comercialização, ambos os sistemas se relacionam e, muitas vezes, concorrem entre si. Atualmente, o Brasil possui linhagens melhoradas geneticamente, em contínuo processo de melhoramento e adaptaçao às nossas condições. A atividade de tilapicultura vem passando, desde as décadas passadas, por um processo de profissionalização, com o produtor mais atento ao manejo e aos insumos utilizados. Hoje, é possível escolher o insumo que mais se adapta ao manejo empregado pelo produtor, porém isso não é é uma prática generalizada quando se considera seu preço de venda.
Potential of Caatinga forage plants in ruminant feeding
Authors: Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos , Lira Mário de Andrade , Dubeux Junior José Carlos Batista , Guim Adriana , Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão de , Cunha Márcio Vieira da
Published: August 2010

Caatinga is the most important biome for the livestock in the Brazilian semi-arid region. This review paper aimed to present information on different forage aspects of caatinga vegetation for ruminant feeding. Caatinga vegetation is formed mainly by shrubs and small trees, usually presenting thorns, deciduous leaves, and leaf abscission occurring frequently at the onset of the dry season. Additional components of the botanical composition in this biome includes the families cactaceae, bromeliaceae, and a herbaceous component formed by grasses, legumes, and forbs, often presenting annual cycle. Quantitative information of caatinga vegetation is scarce in the literature, mainly for the herbaceous stratum. Methodological aspects such as lack of standardization across evaluations make comparison regarding forage potential of caatinga plant species difficult. Index species must be identified within each caatinga type. Quantitative aspects of biological N2 fixation by caatinga species have not been extensively studied. Regarding forage nutritive value, it is necessary to study N availability for ruminants in caatinga plants, since large proportion of this element may bind to fiber components (ADIN). Manipulation of caatinga vegetation is an alternative to change forage quantity and quality for grazing animals, affecting their performance as a result. Studies measuring qualitative and quantitative variability of native forage resources from caatinga are mandatory in order to improve animal feeding management, with the ultimate goal of creating sustainable animal production based on caatinga vegetation.
Parceria público x privada no desenvolvimento de pesquisa em melhoramento genético animal
Authors: Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Eler Joanir Pereira
Published: August 2010

O melhoramento genético animal é, normalmente, pesquisado e desenvolvido nas universidades e instituições públicas de pesquisa do Brasil. No entanto, os rebanhos de exploração zootécnica, verdadeiros objetivos desses estudos, pertencem à iniciativa privada. O melhoramento genético animal e as parcerias público-privadas constituem-se em um caso especial de grande sucesso, que é analisado no presente texto, com ênfase especial ao Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo, instituição de origem dos autores. O sucesso desse grupo, medido em atividades de pesquisa e suas conseqüentes publicações, de ensino e formação de recursos humanos e de extensão de serviços à comunidade, é apresentado como incentivo aos pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas ligadas à produção animal.
Nutritional management to improve sheep and goat performances in semiarid regions
Authors: Salem Hichem Ben
Published: August 2010

Small ruminant production is the main source of income of farmers living in arid and semiarid regions. Sheep and goats raised in these areas are generally confronted with severe nutritional deficits during food scarcity period which exacerbate disease and health problems and consequently low productive and reproductive performances. These areas are characterized by rainfall seasonality and scarcity resulting in a low fodder potential. Therefore, native rangelands are degrading due to overgrazing, high stocking rates and mismanagement. Options to improve small ruminant-based production systems include i) innovative technologies targeting the increase of feed resources availability, rumen manipulation using natural compounds to boost microbial activity, improving diets' quality, alleviation of feeding cost, and better control of livestock watering. Although this paper is focussing on the benefits from these technical options, we should bear in mind that i) the organization of local institutions for better adoption of these technologies and for protecting the main natural resources (rangelands and water) and ii) the participatory approach involving all partners concerned with the improvement of farmer's income and livelihood are key tools for promoting livestock sector in the target areas. A set of simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly options that could ameliorate small ruminant production in the semiarid regions are discussed in this paper.
How soaring agricultural prices will impact the way we do feed business
Authors: Pathumnakul Supachai , Piewthongngam Kullapapruk
Published: August 2010

The rising price of agricultural products leads to frequent change of feed recipe, which can cause a high number of reprocessing batches, elevating the overall cost of production. In this study, we proposed an artificial neural network to predict production rate. The conversion of production rate to production cost, the tips for data collection as well as tips for implementation of new feed cost estimation are also discussed. Being able to estimate production rate enables feed mills to improve their operations. In this study, we elaborate its application to feed scheduling (although the applications can be extended to other aspects such as productivity improvement, which goes beyond the scope of this particular study).
Could basidiomycetes fungi be an alternative for the treatment of fibrous feedstuffs? application of enzymatic complexes and future prospects
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel António Machado , Bezerra Rui Manuel Furtado , Dias José Albino Gomes Alves , Guedes Cristina Vitória de Miranda , Ferreira Luis Miguel Mendes , Nunes Fernando
Published: August 2010

This presentation intends to make a brief description of the studies being investigated by our research group in the area valorization of fibrous feed utilizing the white-rot fungi (basidiomycetes fungi) enzyme complexes.