bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEMS development focusing on collaboration using common facilities: a retrospective view and future directions
Authors: Esashi Masayoshi
Published: August 2021

I have been developing MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology and supporting the industry through collaboration. A facility was built in house on a 20 mm square wafer for use in prototyping MEMS and ICs (integrated circuits). The constructed MEMS devices include commercialized integrated capacitive pressure sensors, electrostatically levitated rotational gyroscopes, and two-axis optical scanners. Heterogeneous integration, which is a MEMS on an LSI (large-scale integration), was developed for sophisticated systems using LSI made in a foundry. This technology was applied for tactile sensor networks for safe robots, multi FBAR filters on LSI, active-matrix multielectron emitter arrays, and so on. The facility used to produce MEMS on 4- and 6-inch wafers was developed based on an old semiconductor factory and has been used as an open hands-on access facility by many companies. Future directions of MEMS research are discussed.
Impaired spike-gamma coupling of area CA3 fast-spiking interneurons as the earliest functional impairment in the AppNL-G-F mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Arroyo-García Luis Enrique , Isla Arturo G. , Andrade-Talavera Yuniesky , Balleza-Tapia Hugo , Loera-Valencia Raúl , Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Pizzirusso Giusy , Tambaro Simone , Nilsson Per , Fisahn André
Published: August 2021

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) correlates with degradation of cognition-relevant gamma oscillations. The gamma rhythm relies on proper neuronal spike-gamma coupling, specifically of fast-spiking interneurons (FSN). Here we tested the hypothesis that decrease in gamma power and FSN synchrony precede amyloid plaque deposition and cognitive impairment in AppNL-G-F knock-in mice (AppNL-G-F). The aim of the study was to evaluate the amyloidogenic pathology progression in the novel AppNL-G-F mouse model using in vitro electrophysiological network analysis. Using patch clamp of FSNs and pyramidal cells (PCs) with simultaneous gamma oscillation recordings, we compared the activity of the hippocampal network of wild-type mice (WT) and the AppNL-G-F mice at four disease stages (1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age). We found a severe degradation of gamma oscillation power that is independent of, and precedes Aβ plaque formation, and the cognitive impairment reported previously in this animal model. The degradation correlates with increased Aβ1-42 concentration in the brain. Analysis on the cellular level showed an impaired spike-gamma coupling of FSN from 2 months of age that correlates with the degradation of gamma oscillations. From 6 months of age PC firing becomes desynchronized also, correlating with reports in the literature of robust Aβ plaque pathology and cognitive impairment in the AppNL-G-F mice. This study provides evidence that impaired FSN spike-gamma coupling is one of the earliest functional impairment caused by the amyloidogenic pathology progression likely is the main cause for the degradation of gamma oscillations and consequent cognitive impairment. Our data suggests that therapeutic approaches should be aimed at restoring normal FSN spike-gamma coupling and not just removal of Aβ.
Single cell transcriptomics reveal trans-differentiation of pancreatic beta cells following inactivation of the TFIID subunit Taf4
Authors: Kleiber Thomas , Davidson Guillaume , Mengus Gabrielle , Martianov Igor , Davidson Irwin
Published: August 2021

Regulation of gene expression involves a complex and dynamic dialogue between transcription factors, chromatin remodelling and modification complexes and the basal transcription machinery. To address the function of the Taf4 subunit of general transcription factor TFIID in the regulation of insulin signalling, it was inactivated in adult murine pancreatic beta cells. Taf4 inactivation impacted the expression of critical genes involved in beta-cell function leading to increased glycaemia, lowered plasma insulin levels and defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. One week after Taf4-loss, single-cell RNA-seq revealed cells with mixed beta cell, alpha and/or delta cell identities as well as a beta cell population trans-differentiating into alpha-like cells. Computational analysis of single-cell RNA-seq defines how known critical beta cell and alpha cell determinants may act in combination with additional transcription factors and the NuRF chromatin remodelling complex to promote beta cell trans-differentiation.
Fingertip advanced glycation end products and psychotic symptoms among adolescents
Authors: Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Toriumi Kazuya , Horiuchi Yasue , Yoshikawa Akane , Imai Atsushi , Nagase Yukihiro , Miyano Yasuhiro , Inoue Tomoko , Endo Kaori , Morimoto Yuko , Morita Masaya , Kiyono Tomoki , Usami Satoshi , Okazaki Yuji , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Itokawa Masanari , Kasai Kiyoto , Nishida Atsushi , Arai Makoto
Published: August 2021

Case control studies have suggested that advanced glycation end products play a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal association between advanced glycation end products and psychotic symptoms among drug-naïve adolescents remains unclear. This study examined whether advanced glycation end products could predict the trajectory of psychotic symptoms in drug-naive adolescents using data from prospective population-based biomarker subsample study of the Tokyo Teen Cohort. A total of 277 community-dwelling adolescents aged 13 years without antipsychotic medication were analyzed. Fingertip advanced glycation end products were measured in adolescents using noninvasive technology that can be used quickly. The trajectory of psychotic symptoms in a 12-month follow-up was assessed by experienced psychiatrists using a semi-structured interview. Of the 277 participants, 13 (4.7%) experienced persistent psychotic symptoms (psychotic symptoms at baseline and follow-up), 65 (23.5%) experienced transient psychotic symptoms (psychotic symptoms at baseline or follow-up), and 199 (71.8%) did not have psychotic symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that baseline fingertip advanced glycation end products might predict the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms (odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.69; P = 0.03). Altogether, fingertip advanced glycation end products potentially predicted the trajectory of psychotic symptoms among drug-naive adolescents, which indicated its involvement in the pathophysiology of early psychosis. Further studies are required to identify strategies to reduce adolescent advanced glycation end products, which may contribute to preventing the onset of psychosis.
OPTIMADE, an API for exchanging materials data
Authors: Andersen Casper W. , Armiento Rickard , Blokhin Evgeny , Conduit Gareth J. , Dwaraknath Shyam , Evans Matthew L. , Fekete Ádám , Gopakumar Abhijith , Gražulis Saulius , Merkys Andrius , Mohamed Fawzi , Oses Corey , Pizzi Giovanni , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Scheidgen Markus , Talirz Leopold , Toher Cormac , Winston Donald , Aversa Rossella , Choudhary Kamal , Colinet Pauline , Curtarolo Stefano , Di Stefano Davide , Draxl Claudia , Er Suleyman , Esters Marco , Fornari Marco , Giantomassi Matteo , Govoni Marco , Hautier Geoffroy , Hegde Vinay , Horton Matthew K. , Huck Patrick , Huhs Georg , Hummelshøj Jens , Kariryaa Ankit , Kozinsky Boris , Kumbhar Snehal , Liu Mohan , Marzari Nicola , Morris Andrew J. , Mostofi Arash A. , Persson Kristin A. , Petretto Guido , Purcell Thomas , Ricci Francesco , Rose Frisco , Scheffler Matthias , Speckhard Daniel , Uhrin Martin , Vaitkus Antanas , Villars Pierre , Waroquiers David , Wolverton Chris , Wu Michael , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: August 2021

The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.
Thoracic weighting of restrained subjects during exhaustion recovery causes loss of lung reserve volume in a model of police arrest
Authors: Campbell Mark , Dakin Roslyn , Stowe Symon , Burton Kira , Raven Brianna , Mapani Malitela , Dawson Jeff W. , Adler Andy
Published: August 2021

Restraint asphyxia has been proposed as a mechanism for some arrest-related deaths that occur during or shortly after a suspect is taken into custody. Our analysis of the literature found that prone positioning, weight applied to the back, recovery after simulated pursuit, and restraint position have led to restrictive, but non life-threatening respiratory changes when tested in subsets. However, the combined effects of all four parameters have not been tested together in a single study. We hypothesized that a complete protocol with high-sensitivity instrumentation could improve our understanding of breathing physiology during weighted restraint. We designed an electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based protocol for this purpose and measured the 3D distribution of ventilation within the thorax. Here, we present the results from a study on 17 human subjects that revealed FRC declines during weighted restrained recovery from exercise for subjects in the restraint postures, but not the control posture. These prolonged FRC declines were consistent with abdominal muscle recruitment to assist the inspiratory muscles, suggesting that subjects in restraint postures have increased work of breathing compared to controls. Upon removal of the weighted load, lung reserve volumes gradually increased for the hands-behind-the-head restraint posture but continued to decrease for subjects in the hands-behind-the-back restraint posture. We discuss the possible role this increased work of breathing may play in restraint asphyxia.
Topological analysis of interaction patterns in cancer-specific gene regulatory network: persistent homology approach
Authors: Masoomy Hosein , Askari Behrouz , Tajik Samin , Rizi Abbas K. , Jafari G. Reza
Published: August 2021

In this study, we investigated cancer cellular networks in the context of gene interactions and their associated patterns in order to recognize the structural features underlying this disease. We aim to propose that the quest of understanding cancer takes us beyond pairwise interactions between genes to a higher-order construction. We characterize the most prominent network deviations in the gene interaction patterns between cancer and normal samples that contribute to the complexity of this disease. What we hope is that through understanding these interaction patterns we will notice a deeper structure in the cancer network. This study uncovers the significant deviations that topological features in cancerous cells show from the healthy one, where the last stage of filtration confirms the importance of one-dimensional holes (topological loops) in cancerous cells and two-dimensional holes (topological voids) in healthy cells. In the small threshold region, the drop in the number of connected components of the cancer network, along with the rise in the number of loops and voids, all occurring at some smaller weight values compared to the normal case, reveals the cancerous network tendency to certain pathways.
Deep learning and citizen science enable automated plant trait predictions from photographs
Authors: Schiller Christopher , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Boonman Coline , Moreno-Martínez Alvaro , Kattenborn Teja
Published: August 2021

Plant functional traits (‘traits’) are essential for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but cumbersome to measure. To facilitate trait measurements, we test if traits can be predicted through visible morphological features by coupling heterogeneous photographs from citizen science (iNaturalist) with trait observations (TRY database) through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Our results show that image features suffice to predict several traits representing the main axes of plant functioning. The accuracy is enhanced when using CNN ensembles and incorporating prior knowledge on trait plasticity and climate. Our results suggest that these models generalise across growth forms, taxa and biomes around the globe. We highlight the applicability of this approach by producing global trait maps that reflect known macroecological patterns. These findings demonstrate the potential of Big Data derived from professional and citizen science in concert with CNN as powerful tools for an efficient and automated assessment of Earth’s plant functional diversity.
Bitmap and vectorial hologram recording by using femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Kotsiuba Y. , Hevko I. , Bellucci S. , Gnilitskyi I.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present two approaches for recording a quasi-hologram on the steel surface by femtosecond laser pulses. The recording process is done by rotating the polarization of the laser beam by a half-wave plate or a spatial light modulator (SLM), so we can control the spatial orientation of the formed laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Two different approaches are shown, which use vector and bitmap images to record the hologram. For the first time to our knowledge, we managed to record a hologram of a bitmap image by continuously adjusting the laser beam polarization by SLM during scanning. The developed method can substantially improve hologram recording technology by eliminating complex processing procedures, which can lead to increasing the fabrication speed and reducing the cost.
Accelerated clearing and molecular labeling of biological tissues using magnetohydrodynamic force
Authors: Dwyer Joseph , Ramirez M. Desmond , Katz Paul S. , Karlstrom Rolf O. , Bergan Joseph
Published: August 2021

Techniques used to clear biological tissue for fluorescence microscopy are essential to connect anatomical principles at levels ranging from subcellular to the whole animal. Here we report a simple and straightforward approach to efficiently render opaque tissue samples transparent and show that this approach can be modified to rapidly label intact tissue samples with antibodies for large volume fluorescence microscopy. This strategy applies a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force to accelerate the removal of lipids from tissue samples at least as large as an intact adult mouse brain. We also show that MHD force can be used to accelerate antibody penetration into tissue samples. This strategy complements a growing array of tools that enable high-resolution 3-dimensional anatomical analyses in intact tissues using fluorescence microscopy. MHD-accelerated clearing is simple, fast, reliable, inexpensive, provides good thermal regulation, and is compatible with existing strategies for high-quality fluorescence microscopy of intact tissues.
Disgusting odours affect the characteristics of the Adaptive Force in contrast to neutral and pleasant odours
Authors: Schaefer Laura V. , Dech Silas , Aehle Markus , Bittmann Frank N.
Published: August 2021

The olfactomotor system is especially investigated by examining the sniffing in reaction to olfactory stimuli. The motor output of respiratory-independent muscles was seldomly considered regarding possible influences of smells. The Adaptive Force (AF) characterizes the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to external forces in a holding manner and was suggested to be more vulnerable to possible interfering stimuli due to the underlying complex control processes. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the effects of olfactory inputs on the AF of the hip and elbow flexors, respectively. The AF of 10 subjects was examined manually by experienced testers while smelling at sniffing sticks with neutral, pleasant or disgusting odours. The reaction force and the limb position were recorded by a handheld device. The results show, inter alia, a significantly lower maximal isometric AF and a significantly higher AF at the onset of oscillations by perceiving disgusting odours compared to pleasant or neutral odours (p < 0.001). The adaptive holding capacity seems to reflect the functionality of the neuromuscular control, which can be impaired by disgusting olfactory inputs. An undisturbed functioning neuromuscular system appears to be characterized by a proper length tension control and by an earlier onset of mutual oscillations during an external force increase. This highlights the strong connection of olfaction and motor control also regarding respiratory-independent muscles.
Secular trends in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults with normal weight, 1993–2015
Authors: Sun Xingxing , Liu Zhelong , Du Tingting
Published: August 2021

A considerable chronic disease burden existed in people with normal body mass index (BMI), it is imperative to study the prevailing trends in abdominal obesity among Chinese people with normal BMI. Hence, we aimed to analyze updated prevalence data on abdominal obesity trends among Chinese adults with a normal BMI. We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted between 1993 and 2015. Abdominal obesity is defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women following the International Diabetes Federation recommendations for Asians. Over the 23-year period, the age-standardized mean WC values showed a significant increasing trend among Chinese adults with BMI < 25 kg/m2, with the mean value increased from 74.0 cm to 78.5 cm (P for trend < 0.0001). During the period of 1993–2015, the age-standardized prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 12.1 to 26.0% (P for trend < 0.0001). Significant increases were observed in both sexes, all age groups, rural and urban residents, and all educational attainment groups (all P for trends < 0.0001), with a greater relative increase noted among men, younger participants, and rural residents. Similar significant trends were noted when a more stringent BMI < 23 kg/m2 cut point (Asian cut point) was applied. A low magnitude of overlap existed between abdominal obesity and general obesity, irrespective of the criteria used. The mean WC and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults with normal BMI increased continuously from 1993 to 2015. The upward trends were noted in both sexes, all age groups, rural and urban regions, and all educational attainment groups. Our estimates emphasize the importance of adding WC in addition to BMI as measures to monitor obesity prevalence.
Uneven declines between corals and cryptobenthic fish symbionts from multiple disturbances
Authors: Froehlich Catheline Y. M. , Klanten O. Selma , Hing Martin L. , Dowton Mark , Wong Marian Y. L.
Published: August 2021

With the onset and increasing frequency of multiple disturbances, the recovery potential of critical ecosystem-building species and their mutual symbionts is threatened. Similar effects to both hosts and their symbionts following disturbances have been assumed. However, we report unequal declines between hosts and symbionts throughout multiple climate-driven disturbances in reef-building Acropora corals and cryptobenthic coral-dwelling Gobiodon gobies. Communities were surveyed before and after consecutive cyclones (2014, 2015) and heatwaves (2016, 2017). After cyclones, coral diameter and goby group size (i.e., the number of gobies within each coral) decreased similarly by 28–30%. After heatwave-induced bleaching, coral diameter decreased substantially (47%) and gobies mostly inhabited corals singly. Despite several coral species persisting after bleaching, all goby species declined, leaving 78% of corals uninhabited. These findings suggest that gobies, which are important mutual symbionts for corals, are unable to cope with consecutive disturbances. This disproportionate decline could lead to ecosystem-level disruptions through loss of key symbiont services to corals.
Negative media portrayals of immigrants increase ingroup favoritism and hostile physiological and emotional reactions
Authors: Conzo Pierluigi , Fuochi Giulia , Anfossi Laura , Spaccatini Federica , Mosso Cristina Onesta
Published: August 2021

Anti-immigration rhetoric in the mass media has intensified over the last two decades, potentially decreasing prosocial behavior and increasing outgroup hostility toward immigrants, and fostering ingroup favoritism toward natives. We aim to understand the effects of negative and positive discourses about immigration on prosociality at different levels of societal ethnic diversity. In two studies (student sample, nationally representative sample), we conduct a survey and a 3X3 between-subject experiment, including money-incentivized behavioral games measuring prosociality. We manipulate media representations of immigrants and the probability of interacting with immigrants (the latter measuring diversity). Results show that negative news affects prosociality as a function of the probability of interacting with immigrants. Negative portrayals increase altruism and trustworthiness in ethnically homogenous settings relative to unknown and ethnically-mixed contexts. These results are stronger for right-wing and high-prejudice respondents. Moreover, negative media portrayals of immigrants increase the testosterone-cortisol ratio, which is a proxy for proneness to social aggression. Negative news also increases outgroup-related perceived health risk, outgroup anxiety and outgroup threat less in ethnically-homogeneous contexts. Overall, negative portrayals of immigrants generate physiological and emotional hostility toward the outgroup, and ingroup favoritism in economic transactions, possibly determining efficiency losses in ethnically-diverse markets, relative to ethnically-homogeneous markets.
Acquired olfactory loss alters functional connectivity and morphology
Authors: Iravani Behzad , Peter Moa G. , Arshamian Artin , Olsson Mats J. , Hummel Thomas , Kitzler Hagen H. , Lundström Johan N.
Published: August 2021

Removing function from a developed and functional sensory system is known to alter both cerebral morphology and functional connections. To date, a majority of studies assessing sensory-dependent plasticity have focused on effects from either early onset or long-term sensory loss and little is known how the recent sensory loss affects the human brain. With the aim of determining how recent sensory loss affects cerebral morphology and functional connectivity, we assessed differences between individuals with acquired olfactory loss (duration 7–36 months) and matched healthy controls in their grey matter volume, using multivariate pattern analyses, and functional connectivity, using dynamic connectivity analyses, within and from the olfactory cortex. Our results demonstrate that acquired olfactory loss is associated with altered grey matter volume in, among others, posterior piriform cortex, a core olfactory processing area, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. In addition, compared to controls, individuals with acquired anosmia displayed significantly stronger dynamic functional connectivity from the posterior piriform cortex to, among others, the angular gyrus, a known multisensory integration area. When assessing differences in dynamic functional connectivity from the angular gyrus, individuals with acquired anosmia had stronger connectivity from the angular gyrus to areas primary responsible for basic visual processing. These results demonstrate that recently acquired sensory loss is associated with both changed cerebral morphology within core olfactory areas and increase dynamic functional connectivity from olfactory cortex to cerebral areas processing multisensory integration.
Expression of a human cDNA in moss results in spliced mRNAs and fragmentary protein isoforms
Authors: Top Oguz , Milferstaedt Stella W. L. , van Gessel Nico , Hoernstein Sebastian N. W. , Özdemir Bugra , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf
Published: August 2021

Production of biopharmaceuticals relies on the expression of mammalian cDNAs in host organisms. Here we show that the expression of a human cDNA in the mossPhyscomitrium patensgenerates the expected full-length and four additional transcripts due to unexpected splicing. This mRNA splicing results in non-functional protein isoforms, cellular misallocation of the proteins and low product yields. We integrated these results together with the results of our analysis of all 32,926 protein-encoding Physcomitrella genes and their 87,533 annotated transcripts in a web application, physCO, for automatized optimization. A thus optimized cDNA results in about twelve times more protein, which correctly localizes to the ER. An analysis of codon preferences of different production hosts suggests that similar effects occur also in non-plant hosts. We anticipate that the use of our methodology will prevent so far undetected mRNA heterosplicing resulting in maximized functional protein amounts for basic biology and biotechnology.
Tailoring the evolution of BL21(DE3) uncovers a key role for RNA stability in gene expression toxicity
Authors: Heyde Sophia A. H. , Nørholm Morten H. H.
Published: August 2021

Gene expression toxicity is an important biological phenomenon and a major bottleneck in biotechnology. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) is the most popular choice for recombinant protein production, and various derivatives have been evolved or engineered to facilitate improved yield and tolerance to toxic genes. However, previous efforts to evolve BL21, such as the Walker strains C41 and C43, resulted only in decreased expression strength of the T7 system. This reveals little about the mechanisms at play and constitutes only marginal progress towards a generally higher producing cell factory. Here, we restrict the solution space for BL21(DE3) to evolve tolerance and isolate a mutant strain Evo21(DE3) with a truncation in the essential RNase E. This suggests that RNA stability plays a central role in gene expression toxicity. The evolved rne truncation is similar to a mutation previously engineered into the commercially available BL21Star(DE3), which challenges the existing assumption that this strain is unsuitable for expressing toxic proteins. We isolated another dominant mutation in a presumed substrate binding site of RNase E that improves protein production further when provided as an auxiliary plasmid. This makes it easy to improve other BL21 variants and points to RNases as prime targets for cell factory optimisation.
Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid
Authors: Niggas Anna , Creutzburg Sascha , Schwestka Janine , Wöckinger Benjamin , Gupta Tushar , Grande Pedro L. , Eder Dominik , Marques José P. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Aumayr Friedrich , Bennett Robert , Wilhelm Richard A.
Published: August 2021

Over seventy years ago, Niels Bohr described how the charge state of an atomic ion moving through a solid changes dynamically as a result of electron capture and loss processes, eventually resulting in an equilibrium charge state. Although obvious, this process has so far eluded direct experimental observation. By peeling a solid, such as graphite, layer by layer, and studying the transmission of highly charged ions through single-, bi- and trilayer graphene, we can now observe dynamical changes in ion charge states with monolayer precision. In addition we present a first-principles approach based on the virtual photon model for interparticle energy transfer to corroborate our findings. Our model that uses a Gaussian shaped dynamic polarisability rather than a spatial delta function is a major step in providing a self-consistent description for interparticle de-excitation processes at the limit of small separations.
Design of ultra-high luminescent polymers for organic photovoltaic cells with low energy loss
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Ma Lijiao , Lee Young Woong , Yao Huifeng , Xu Ye , Zhang Shaoqing , Woo Han Young , Hou Jianhui
Published: August 2021

Here, a new polymer named PBTT-C4 was designed based on carboxylate-functionalized thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units. Both pure polymer and its blend film with acceptors possess high luminescent properties, which is beneficial to the decrease of voltage loss.
Selective delivery of remarkably high levels of gadolinium to tumour cells using an arsonium salt
Authors: Windsor Madeline S. A. , Busse Madleen , Morrison Daniel E. , Baker Robert W. , Hill Leila R. , Rendina Louis M.
Published: August 2021

A triphenylarsonium targeting vector is far superior to the well-established, isosteric phosphonium analogue for tumour cell delivery of Gd3+.
A stable tetrazagallole and its radical anion dimer
Authors: Yu Qian , Zhang Li , He Yuhao , Pan Jinjing , Li Hao , Bian Guo-qing , Chen Xiaodan , Tan Gengwen
Published: August 2021

The first stable tetrazagallole featuring a three-coordinate Ga center was synthesized, which underwent one-electron reduction furnishing the radical anion dimer.
Reductive hydrobenzylation of terminal alkynes via photoredox and nickel dual catalysis
Authors: Zhao Xian , Zhu Shengqing , Qing Feng-Ling , Chu Lingling
Published: August 2021

A photoredox and nickel dual catalyzed Markovnikov-selective hydrobenzylation of alkynes and benzyl chlorides with an alkyl amine as the source of nickel hydride is described.
Interfacial tetrazine click chemistry mediated assembly of multifunctional colloidosomes
Authors: Pahwa Meenakshi , Jain Priyanka , Das Saha Nilanjana , Narayana Chandrabhas , Agasti Sarit S.
Published: August 2021

We present a facile route to synthesize gold nanoparticle-based colloidosomes via rapid and autonomous interfacial cross-linking using tetrazine click chemistry.
Synthesis, structural evolution, and optical properties of SnO2 hollow microspheres with manageable shell thickness
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jia Xueyan , Shi Zihang , Song Bolun , Niu Yongan
Published: August 2021

SnO2 hollow (H-SnO2) microspheres were successfully prepared via a facile one-step synthesis using SiO2 microspheres as templates and NaOH as a reactive etching agent.
Fabrication and application of composite adsorbents made by one-pot electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in surfactant ionic liquid/nanocellulose mixtures
Authors: Jamaluddin Nur Amirah , Mohamed Azmi , Bakar Suriani Abu , Ardyani Tretya , Sagisaka Masanobu , Saito Haruka , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Abdul Khalil H. P. S. , King Stephen M. , Rogers Sarah E. , Eastoe Julian
Published: August 2021

Changing hydrophilic moiety of traditional ionic surfactant (TC14) to be surfactant ionic liquid (BMIM-TC14) improves the compatibility of the surfactant with graphene oxide and so does the composite performance as dye adsorbent.
Prediction of beryllium clusters (Ben; n = 3–25) from first principles
Authors: Abyaz Behnaz , Mahdavifar Zabiollah , Schreckenbach Georg , Gao Yang
Published: August 2021

Prediction of beryllium clusters from first principles: Be17 as a promising new material for water splitting.
Influence of molecular rebinding on the reaction rate of complex formation
Authors: Kalwarczyk Tomasz , Bielec Krzysztof , Burdzy Krzysztof , Holyst Robert
Published: August 2021

The encounter-full complex transition depends on the number of rebinding given as the reactant's radii to the separation distance ratio.
Vibrational spectrum and photochemistry of phosphaketene HPCO
Authors: Qian Weiyu , Lu Bo , Tan Gengwen , Rauhut Guntram , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: August 2021

The simplest phosphaketene HPCO has been isolated and its photochemistry has been explored using matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy. In addition to HP and its trapping product HPNO˙, the long-sought isomer HOCP has been also identified among the photolysis products of HPCO.
Carbonyl umpolung as an organometallic reagent surrogate
Authors: Dai Xi-Jie , Li Chen-Chen , Li Chao-Jun
Published: August 2021

Carbonyls can serve as surrogates for organometallic reagents via hydrazones.
Facile preparation of polyoxometalate nanoparticles via a solid-state chemical reaction for aerobic oxidative desulfurization catalysis
Authors: Yu Hang , Bu Wenwen , Wang Zijia , Zhao Zhuoyue , Jadoon Mehwish , Wang Xiaohong
Published: August 2021

Polyoxometalate nanoparticles were synthesized via a concise solid-state reaction method by directly grinding silver nitrate and the polyoxometalate (NH4)5H6PMo4V8O40 at room temperature without the assistance of a surfactant.
Diorganyl diselenides: a powerful tool for the construction of selenium containing scaffolds
Authors: Sonawane Amol D. , Sonawane Rohini A. , Ninomiya Masayuki , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: August 2021

Organoselenium compounds find versatile applications in organic synthesis, materials synthesis, and ligand chemistry.
PEGylated dihydromyricetin-loaded nanoliposomes coated with tea saponin inhibit bacterial oxidative respiration and energy metabolism
Authors: Luo Fan , Zeng Dandan , Chen Renxiang , Zafar Ayesha , Weng Ling , Wang Wenxiong , Tian Yubo , Hasan Murtaza , Shu Xugang
Published: August 2021

Preparation and bacteria therapeutic mechanism of CS/CTS@DMY-lips.
Simultaneous measurement of contractile force and field potential of dynamically beating human iPS cell-derived cardiac cell sheet-tissue with flexible electronics
Authors: Ohya Takashi , Ohtomo Haruki , Kikuchi Tetsutaro , Sasaki Daisuke , Kawamura Yohei , Matsuura Katsuhisa , Shimizu Tatsuya , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Umezu Shinjiro
Published: August 2021

We show a novel simultaneous measurement system for contractile force and field potential of hiPSC cardiac cell sheet-tissues using flexible electronics. This system will contribute to gaining new insight in pharmacological study of human heart.
Synthesis, theoretical calculations and laser flash photolysis studies of selected amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives used as biofilm photodegradative materials
Authors: Openda Yolande Ikala , Ngoy Bokolombe Pitchou , Muya Jules Tshishimbi , Nyokong Tebello
Published: August 2021

Two positively charged metalloporphyrins were synthesized and theoretical studies were carried out. The complexes efficiently eradicated S. aureus and E. coli bacterial cells at 415 nm.
A binary MOF of iron and copper for treating ciprofloxacin-contaminated waste water by an integrated technique of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Chatterjee Aditi , Jana Amiya Kumar , Basu Jayanta Kumar
Published: August 2021

A novel MIL 53(Fe–Cu) was synthesized by a solvothermal process. This binary metal organic framework removed ciprofloxacin from waste water.
Synthesis of ortho-arylated and alkenylated benzamides by palladium-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-coupling reactions of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones with organoboronic acids
Authors: Balakrishnan Madasamy Hari , Kanagaraj Madasamy , Sankar Velayudham , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Mannathan Subramaniyan
Published: August 2021

An efficient palladium-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-coupling reaction of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones with organoboronic acids is described. The reaction affords various ortho-aryl and alkenylated benzamides in good to high yields.
Utilization of waste wool felt architecture to synthesize self-supporting electrode materials for efficient energy storage
Authors: Wu Ziqin , Zeng Yue , Liu Yiping , Xiao Hang , Zhang Tonghua , Lu Ming
Published: August 2021

Conversion of waste wool felt into electrode material for supercapacitor.
A robust surface with superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity for on-demand oil/water separation
Authors: Zhao Siyang , Liang Yongmin , Yang Yu , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: August 2021

Superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surface combine the superiorities of the two opposite wettabilities.
Enantioselective synthesis of chiral 3-alkyl-3-nitro-4-chromanonesviachiral thiourea-catalysed intramolecular Michael-type cyclization
Authors: Chen Huiqing , Tang Jie , Liu Ting , Yu Li-Fang , Xing Dong , Yang Fan
Published: August 2021

The enantioselective synthesis of chiral 3-alkyl-3-nitro-4-chromanones is realizedviaa chiral thiourea-catalysed intramolecular Michael-type cyclization reaction.
Ultrasonic process intensification during the preparation of dimethyl carbonate based on the alcoholysis of ethylene carbonate and the kinetic behavior of dimethyl carbonate
Authors: He Yueyue , Cheng Huaigang , Pan Zihe , Cheng Fangqin
Published: August 2021

Ultrasound can accelerate the reaction rate of alcoholysis of ethylene carbonate and improve the reaction efficiency.
Pilot-scale hydrotreating of catalytic fast pyrolysis biocrudes: process performance and product analysis
Authors: Verdier Sylvain , Mante Ofei D. , Hansen Asger B. , Poulsen Kristoffer G. , Christensen Jan H. , Ammtizboll Nadia , Gabrielsen Jostein , Dayton David C.
Published: August 2021

Biocrudes contain more oxygen and are less thermally stable than petroleum intermediates resutling in higher hydrogen consumption and accelerated catalyst deactivation during upgrading into biofuels.
The role of basement membranes in cardiac biology and disease
Authors: Boland Erin , Quondamatteo Fabio , Van Agtmael Tom
Published: August 2021

Basement membranes (BMs) are highly specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that within the heart underlie endothelial cells (ECs) and surround cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. They generate a dynamic and structurally supportive environment throughout cardiac development and maturation by providing physical anchorage to the underlying interstitium, structural support to the tissue, and by influencing cell behaviour and signalling. While this provides a strong link between BM dysfunction and cardiac disease, the role of the BM in cardiac biology remains under-researched and our understanding regarding the mechanistic interplay between BM defects and their morphological and functional consequences remain important knowledge-gaps. In this review, we bring together emerging understanding of BM defects within the heart including in common cardiovascular pathologies such as contractile dysfunction and highlight some key questions that are now ready to be addressed.
Reference Intervals for Thyroid Hormones During the First Trimester
of Gestation: A Report from an Area with a Sufficient Iodine
Level
Authors: Kianpour Maryam , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Amini Massoud , Feizi Awat , Janghorbani Mohsen , Shokri Saeideh , Yamini Sima Aminorroaya , Farghadani Maryam , Hekmatnia Ali , Gharib Hossien
Published: August 2021

A concern was raised 1 regarding the number
of pregnant women in the analysis of reference range for the thyroid hormones in
pregnancy 2, where we reported 185 cases and
it was believed to be 145 cases.
Importance of Setting Up Reference Intervals and Multiple of Medians
(MoM)
Authors: Nanda Rachita
Published: August 2021

Dear Sir,

I was interested in the article of Kianpour et al. on reference intervals for thyroid
hormones during the first trimester of gestation from an area with sufficient iodine
level 1. The unavailability of data in this
population had triggered this study where 436 pregnant and 444 non-pregnant women
were recruited. I appreciate the great effort taken by the authors to recruit such a
large population for the study. Following screening as per exclusion criteria 291
pregnant women were eliminated and thus the data of 145 pregnant was included for
analysis. However, the article mentions the analysis of samples of 185 patients. The
authors have also calculated the multiples of medians (MoM) to unitise different
laboratory reports.
7 Tesla Chlorine (35Cl) and Sodium (23Na) MR Imaging of an Enchondroma
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Seyler Lisa , Nagel Armin M.
Published: August 2021

We demonstrated the feasibility of 7 Tesla sodium (23Na) and chlorine (35Cl) MRI of a solitary enchondroma. For this, we established dedicated sequences on a 7-Tesla whole-body system with the following key parameters for 35Cl MRI: TE/TR = 0.35/60 ms, TRO = 5 ms, α = 90°, Δx3 = (6 mm)3, 3 averages, Tacq = 30 min and for 23Na MRI: TE/TR = 0.4/101 ms, TRO = 10ms; α = 90°; Δx3 = (1.9 mm)3, 3 averages, Tacq = 30 min 18 s. The measured apparent Na+ concentration was 255 mmol/l and was approximately 7-fold higher than the apparent Cl– concentration with about 36 mmol/l. Additionally, repeated proton MRI examinations demonstrated constant but subtle growth (≈ 0.65 ml/year) over 14 years. In conclusion, enchondromas obviously have a high contrast-to-noise ratio when compared with the normal bone marrow in 23Na and 35Cl MRI, which may contribute to detection and differentiation in unclear or subtle cases.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Kommentar zu den „Empfehlungen für die strukturellen
Voraussetzungen der perinatologischen Versorgung in
Deutschland“
Authors: Schlößer Rolf
Published: August 2021

Die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind stetig zu verbessern, ist die Aufgabe der
perinatalen Medizin. Und in der Tat werden verschiedene Indikatoren für
diese Gesundheit wie Mortalität von Mutter und Kind oder bestimmte
Komplikationen statistisch nachweisbar über die Jahre geringer. Neue
medizinische Methoden, Medikamente oder diagnostische Techniken tragen zu diesen
Erfolgen messbar bei. Aber auch organisatorische Veränderungen in der
Medizin verbessern das Outcome der Patienten, wenngleich wir die
Zusammenhänge schwerer messen und somit bewerten können. Die
neuaufgelegte S2k-Leitlinie 087–001 unserer Fachgesellschaft
„Empfehlungen für die strukturellen Voraussetzungen der
perinatologischen Versorgung in Deutschland“, die in dieser Ausgabe der
ZGN abgedruckt und auf der Homepage der AWMF abrufbar ist, ist ein wichtiges
Mittel in der Gesundheitsorganisation. Sie ist das Ergebnis der
Auseinandersetzung mit der medizinischen Literatur über effektive
Strukturen und Organisationsformen aus dem eigenen oder anderen Ländern
unter der Berücksichtigung des jeweils Machbaren.
Associations of the Polymorphisms in ADIPOQ with Circulating
Levels of Adiponectin and Lipids: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Mi , Jia Aimei , He Yilan , Song Yongyan
Published: August 2021

The relationships between the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms in
adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and circulating levels of adiponectin and
lipids remain to be clarified. Databases including PubMed and Embase were
searched for eligible studies. The random-effects model was used, and
standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was
calculated to estimate the differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and
lipids between the subjects with different genotypes. A total of 12 810, 17 319,
and 21 361 subjects were identified in the analyses for the rs266729, rs1501299,
and rs2241766 polymorphisms, respectively. G allele carriers of the rs266729
polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=–0.28,
95% CI=–0.43 to–0.12) and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD=–0.10, 95%
CI=–0.17 to–0.02) than CC homozygotes; T allele carriers
of the rs1501299 polymorphism had higher levels of adiponectin
(SMD=0.21, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.36) and HDL-C
(SMD=0.09, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.15) and lower levels of
triglycerides (SMD=–0.06, 95% CI=–0.12
to–0.01) than GG homozygotes; G allele carriers of the rs2241766
polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=–0.18,
95% CI=–0.31 to–0.05) and HDL-C
(SMD=–0.12, 95% CI=–0.20
to–0.04) than TT homozygotes. This meta-analysis suggests that the
rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ are
significantly associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids,
which may partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and
coronary artery disease.
A [4+3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Aza-ortho-quinone Methides with C,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines for Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazepines
Authors: Hou Yunlei , Gong Ping , Wang Xinyue , Li Zefei , Feng Chang , Zhen Qi , Guo Mingzhang , Yao Yaning , Zou Xinyu , Wang Pengfei
Published: August 2021

The base-induced formal [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with aza-ortho-quinone methides, generated in situ, is reported. This protocol provided an efficient method for the synthesis of biologically important 1,2,4-triazepine derivatives, with a wide substrate scope and excellent functional-group tolerance, and it gives moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. Several of the derivatives exhibited in vitro antitumor activities against the A2780 cell line in a screening of the cancer cell lines HCT-116, H2228, and A2780 by an MTT assay.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (3R,5R)-γ-Hydroxypiperazic Acid
Authors: Del Valle Juan R. , Gerrein Taylor A. , Elbatrawi Yassin M.
Published: August 2021

We report an asymmetric synthesis of the (3R,5R)-γ-hydroxypiperazic acid (γ-OHPiz) residue encountered in several bioactive nonribosomal peptides. Our strategy relies on a diastereoselective enolate hydroxylation reaction and electrophilic N-amination to provide the acyclic γ-OHPiz precursor. This orthogonally protected α-hydrazino acid intermediate is amenable to late-stage diazinane ring formation following incorporation into a peptide chain. We determined the N-terminal amide rotamer propensity of the γ-OHPiz residue and showed that the γ-OH substituent enhances trans-amide bias relative to piperazic acid.
Análise de terminações nervosas no complexo labrum-bíceps superior usando imunohistoquímica de fluorescência e microscopia a laser confocal
Authors: Cavalcante Maria L. C. , Fernandes Eduardo G. , Pinheiro Júnior José A. , Jamacaru Francisco Vagnaldo F. , Coelho José Victor de V. , Leite José Alberto Dias
Published: August 2021

Objetivos As estruturas capsulo-ligamentares do ombro funcionam como estabilizadores estáticos, juntamente com os músculos do bíceps e do manguito rotador, aumentando a superfície de contato da cavidade glenoide. Terminações nervosas livres e mecanorreceptores foram identificados no ombro; no entanto, existem alguns estudos que descrevem a presença desses nervos na inserção do bíceps. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a morfologia e distribuição de terminações nervosas utilizando imunofluorescência com protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) e microscopia confocal.

Métodos Foram estudados seis complexos labrum-bíceps de seis cadáveres congelados frescos. Os espécimes foram cortados coronalmente e preparados pelo método de imunofluorescência. Tanto em hematoxilina e eosina (H&E) quanto em imunofluorescência, foi descrita a organização do tecido conjuntivo com fibras paralelas de colágeno.

Resultados No estudo de H&E, foram visualizadas estruturas vasculares e algumas estruturas nervosas, que foram identificadas pela presença alongada da célula nervosa. Todas as amostras analisadas com imunofluorescência e microscopia confocal demonstraram baixa ocorrência de morfotipos de corpúsculos sensoriais e terminações nervosas livres. Identificamos terminações nervosas livres localizadas no labrum, inserção bicipital e terminações nervosas esparsas ao longo do tendão. Terminais corpusculares com aspecto fusiforme, cuneiforme e oval foram identificados no tendão.

Conclusão Esses achados corroboram a hipótese de que a geração de dor nas lesões labrais superiores de anterior a posterior (SLAP, na sigla em inglês) deriva da parte mais proximal do cabo longo do bíceps e ainda mais do labrum superior. Estudos quantitativos futuros com um número maior de espécimes podem fornecer mais informações sobre esses sistemas sensoriais.