bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“We Are Not Marginals”
Authors: Renfrew Daniel
Published: November 2012

The expanding squatter settlements of Latin America’s cities are emblematic of the new forms of spatial inequality and social suffering wrought by the neoliberal order. In the context of the return of the “dangerous classes” across the Americas, the dominant classes have mobilized the culture-of-poverty and marginality myths of the 1960s as a means of governance by placing responsibility for the “pathologies” of poverty on a criminalized urban underclass. Analysis of the debates regarding the meanings of Uruguay’s new urban poor in relation to a lead-poisoning epidemic in Montevideo links the growth of economic and housing informality to social exclusion and marginality, and reveals the efforts of those in power to shift responsibility for lead poisoning onto its victims. It also identifies various responses of squatters to hegemonic forms of culturalism and othering, including the displacing of culturalist discourses onto similar “others,” “strategic othering” emphasizing their structural vulnerability to urban environmental hazards, and the use of their status as lead victims to assert their humanity and rights.

La expansión de asentamientos ocupados en las ciudades de América Latina es emblemático de las nuevas formas de desigualdad espacial y sufrimiento social labrado por el orden neoliberal. En el contexto del retorno de “las clases peligrosas” a través de las Américas, las clases dominantes han movilizado los mitos de la cultura de pobreza y marginalidad de los 1960 como medio de gobernación, colocando la responsabilidad de las “patologías” de la pobreza en una subclase de criminalidad urbana. Un análisis de los debates en torno al significado de los nuevos pobres urbanos de Uruguay, relacionado con un caso de una epidemia de contaminación de plomo en Montevideo, vincula el crecimiento de economía y vivienda informal con la exclusión social y marginalidad y revela los esfuerzos de los que están en el poder de desplazar la responsabilidad del envenenamiento con plomo a sus victimas. Así mismo, identifica varias respuestas de los ocupantes a las formas hegemónicas de culturalismo y el hacer de “otro,” incluyendo el desplazamiento del discurso culturalista encima de similares “otros” hacer de “otro estratégicamente,” poniéndole énfasis a su vulnerabilidad estructural a los peligros del medio ambiente urbano, y el uso de su estatus como victimas del plomo para acertar su humanidad y sus derechos.
Effects of ethylene octene copolymer and ultrafine wollastonite on the properties and morphology of polypropylene-based composites
Authors: Saravari Onusa , Waipunya Harutasai , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj
Published: November 2012

The mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene octene copolymer (EOC)/wollastonite composites were investigated as a function of their composition in comparison to PP/EOC blends and native PP. PP was melt mixed with two loadings of EOC (20 and 30% (w/w)); and for the composites, each of these were mixed with three loadings of wollastonite (10, 20 and 30 parts by weight per hundred of the PP/EOC resin) on a twin-screw extruder and then injection molded. Both PP/EOC blends provided a higher elongation at break and impact strength but a lower tensile strength and modulus, storage modulus and flexural strength and modulus when compared with those of the neat PP. The addition of ultrafine wollastonite (particle size of 1200 mesh) into the blends increased the tensile modulus, storage modulus, flexural strength and modulus and impact strength in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the combined use of EOC and wollastonite can provide balanced mechanical properties to PP. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis showed that although the degradation temperatures of the composites were not improved, the char formation was remarkably increased with increasing wollastonite loadings.
Effect of cross-linking on adhesion property of benzoyl-peroxide-cured epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) adhesives
Authors: Poh Beng Teik , Lim Chun Hsiung
Published: November 2012

The loop tack, shear and peel strength of cross-linked epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50)-based adhesive were investigated. Coumarone–indene resin and toluene were used as the tackifier and solvent, respectively, throughout the study. Benzoyl peroxide was used to cross-link the ENR 50 adhesive at 80°C for 30 min. The dosage of benzoyl peroxide was varied from 1 to 5 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr). The adhesive was coated on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate at various coating thickness using a SHEEN hand coater. Loop tack, shear and peel strength were determined by a Llyod adhesion tester operating at 30 cm min−1. The result shows that loop tack and peel strength of the ENR 50 adhesives indicate a maximum value at 2 phr of benzoyl peroxide dosage. This observation is attributed to the effect of optimum cross-linking of rubber chains that enhances the cohesive strength of the adhesive system. However, shear strength increases with increasing dosage of benzoyl peroxide, an observation that is associated with the steady increase in the cohesive strength resulting from increasing cross-linking of rubber chains. In all cases, the adhesion properties increase with increasing coating thickness.
Following Teaching of Psychology Into Middle Age
Authors: Griggs Richard A. , Collisson Brian
Published: November 2012

Honoring Teaching of Psychology ( ToP) as it approaches its 40th anniversary, we extend prior overviews of its development and growth into 2012. We describe changes in editorial staff and journal organization, identify and describe the top 20 most frequent contributors to ToP, and present the results of a content analysis of issues published from 1999 through mid-2012 to complement past content analyses. We conclude that as ToP enters middle age, it has professionally matured throughout adulthood to have a fruitful life as a topical journal and has outgrown its earlier newsletter trappings with essentially all of its journal space now devoted to articles on teaching for teachers.
The Impact of a Multifaceted Approach to Teaching Research Methods on Students’ Attitudes
Authors: Ciarocco Natalie J. , Lewandowski Gary W. , Van Volkom Michele
Published: November 2012

A multifaceted approach to teaching five experimental designs in a research methodology course was tested. Participants included 70 students enrolled in an experimental research methods course in the semester both before and after the implementation of instructional change. When using a multifaceted approach to teaching research methods that included both active learning and a form of scaffolding, students reported a greater efficacy in American Psychological Association style writing, a higher perceived utility of research and statistics, better attitudes toward statistics, and higher perceived skills/abilities in statistics. This approach benefitted students’ perception of an often disliked but required course in psychology.
To Thine Own Self Be True
Authors: Troisi Jordan D. , Young Ariana F. , Harris Brianna
Published: November 2012

Previous research demonstrates that psychology courses have the potential to reduce students’ biases (e.g., biases against women). In the current research, we hypothesized that taking a seminar-style course on the self (as compared to a research methods course) could reduce students’ typically biased views of the self (i.e., unrealistically favorable perceptions of the self). Supporting our hypothesis, by the end of the semester, students in the self-course were less biased in their views of the self than students in the comparison research methods course. Implications for course structure and bias reduction are discussed.
Practicing What Is Preached
Authors: Conrad Nicole J.
Published: November 2012

To apply several principles of memory covered in a first-year university memory course, I developed a series of one-page self-reflection papers on memory that require students to engage with the material in a meaningful way. These short papers cover topics related to memory, and the assignment itself applies these same principles, reinforcing students’ understanding of levels of processing theory and the distribution of practice effect. Exam grades and analysis of a specific question related to the topic covered in one reflection paper support the use of this assignment to enhance student learning and retention.
Student Perceptions of Undergraduate Teaching Assistants
Authors: Filz Tonya , Gurung Regan A. R.
Published: November 2012

As class sizes increase due to stagnating budgets, and as colleges and universities around the nation increase enrollment, more faculty (especially those without graduate students) are turning to undergraduate teaching assistants (UTA) to meet the increasing demands on academia. We surveyed 142 students enrolled in courses that utilized UTAs to discover what UTA characteristics played the most significant role in student perceptions of UTA helpfulness, accessibility, and perceived qualifications. We found a significant relationship between UTA teaching characteristics and these three main target variables. We recommend ideal UTA characteristics as well as propose a method for designing and implementing training programs for UTAs.
Gender and the Gubernatorial Agenda
Authors: Heidbreder Brianne , Scheurer Katherine Felix
Published: November 2012

Although the number of female governors has more than doubled over the past thirty years, few studies examine whether gender influences the policy interests of governors. To address this gap in the literature, we analyze whether gender affects the policy agendas of governors. Conducting a content analysis of state of the state speeches between 2006 and 2008, we examine whether gender influences the presence of social welfare policies on the policy agendas of governors. Even after controlling for political and situational factors, our results suggest that female governors devote more agenda attention to social welfare policy than their male colleagues.
Ward Nurses’ Resuscitation of Critical Patients
Authors: Roh Young Sook , Issenberg S. Barry , Chung Hyun Soo
Published: November 2012

Little is known about the current training and barriers in resuscitation skills among practicing ward nurses. A convenience sample of 459 ward nurses, recruited from 11 academic teaching hospitals in Korea, were surveyed to assess current training and barriers to optimal resuscitation performance on the wards. The Perceived Barriers scale was developed, refined, and its psychometric properties were assessed. Approximately 36% of nurses had received simulation-based resuscitation skills training. Exploratory factor analysis identified four barriers accounting for 58.4% of the variance: insufficient training (37.7%), lack of competence (9.8%), lack of self-confidence (5.9%), and workload and tension (5.1%). Strategic planning and resuscitation skills training should be incorporated into staff development programs to reduce barriers to optimal resuscitation performance and cope with work demands for ward nurses.
Barriers and Facilitators to Senior Centers Participating in Translational Research
Authors: Felix Holly C. , Adams Becky , Cornell Carol E. , Fausett Jennifer K. , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Love ShaRhonda J. , Prewitt T. Elaine , West Delia Smith
Published: November 2012

Senior centers are ideal locations to deliver evidence-based health promotion programs to the rapidly growing population of older Americans to help them remain healthy and independent in the community. However, little reported research is conducted in partnership with senior centers; thus, not much is known about barriers and facilitators for senior centers serving as research sites. To fill this gap and potentially accelerate research within senior centers to enhance translation of evidence-based interventions into practice, the present study examined barriers and facilitators of senior centers invited to participate in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Primary barriers to participation related to staffing and perceived inability to recruit older adult participants meeting research criteria. The primary facilitator was a desire to offer programs that were of interest and beneficial to seniors. Senior centers are interested in participating in research that provides benefit to older adults but may need assistance from researchers to overcome participation barriers.
The Desire to Marry and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Family Legalization in a Sample of Italian Lesbians and Gay Men
Authors: Baiocco Roberto , Argalia Michele , Laghi Fiorenzo
Published: November 2012

This is the first study evaluating the desire to marry and attitudes toward same-sex family legalization in an Italian sample of lesbians and gay males from 18 to 35 years of age. Even though the majority of participants reported a positive attitude toward same-sex family legalization, gay men expressed a lower desire to marry than lesbian participants. Participants with a high level of internalized sexual stigma were less likely to want to marry and to recognize the positive effects of the legal recognition of the same-sex family. Regression analyses showed the relevance of internalized sexual stigma, self-disclosure to family, political progressivism, and higher education to predict a desire to marry and a more positive attitude toward same-sex family legalization. The results point to the necessity of social policy reform to eliminate social and structural inequalities surrounding the pursuit of intimacy to reduce disparities in intimacy-related stressors of lesbians and gay men.
Measuring Postdivorce Living Arrangements
Authors: Sodermans An Katrien , Vanassche Sofie , Matthijs Koen , Swicegood Gray
Published: November 2012

In this article, we present a new method for measuring residential arrangements of children following parental divorce. We discuss the limitations of conventional methods for measuring postdivorce residential situations of children, but our principal objective is to present a promising alternative, the residential calendar. We evaluate its utility with data coming from the Leuven Adolescents and Families project, collected from a sample of 878 Flemish adolescents, who have experienced a parental breakup. Several substantive and methodological arguments and supporting analyses illustrate the potential value of the residential calendar for collecting policy-relevant data on the consequences of divorce.
Is Cohabitation More Egalitarian? The Division of Household Labor in Five European Countries
Authors: Domínguez-Folgueras Marta
Published: November 2012

This article compares the gendered allocation of household labor between married and cohabiting couples in five European countries: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain, testing whether cohabitors show more egalitarian divisions of labor and hypothesizing that the effect of cohabitation differs across countries, depending on the baseline equality and on the meaning of cohabitation. In order to examine to what extent there is equality, not only each partners’ contribution to the total housework time is considered but also who does what: Some tasks are more constraining than others, and gender and partnership differences specific to those tasks are investigated too. The empirical analysis is based on Multinational Time Use Surveys ( N = 58,490), using ordinary least squares linear regression models. Results show that cohabiting couples have a more egalitarian division of labor but that there are important country differences.
Home-Based Parental Involvement in Young Children’s Learning Across U.S. Ethnic Groups
Authors: Suizzo Marie-Anne , Pahlke Erin , Yarnell Lisa , Chen Kuan-Yi , Romero Sylvia
Published: November 2012

Despite a growing body of research on school-based parental involvement, our knowledge of home-based involvement beliefs and practices, and how these vary across ethnic groups, remains limited. Our study addresses this gap by exploring how the meanings of educational achievement and parents’ roles in young children’s learning vary across ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to construct a detailed picture of the landscape of parental home-based involvement with children and to gain a deeper understanding of the beliefs, meanings, and goals underlying parents’ interactions. Forty-one middle-class Mexican American, African American, and European American mothers participated in semistructured interviews about their goals and interactions with their children in the domain of education. We identified seven themes across the interviews and constructed two cultural models of parental academic socialization: determination with intervention, more typical of ethnic minority group mothers, and trust and laissez-faire, more common among European American mothers.
Formaldehyde Carcinogenicity Research
Authors: Swenberg James A. , Moeller Benjamin C. , Lu Kun , Rager Julia E. , Fry Rebecca C. , Starr Thomas B.
Published: November 2012

Formaldehyde is a widely used high production chemical that is also released as a byproduct of combustion, off-gassing of various building products, and as a fixative for pathologists and embalmers. What is not often realized is that formaldehyde is also produced as a normal physiologic chemical in all living cells. In 1980, chronic inhalation of high concentrations of formaldehyde was shown to be carcinogenic, inducing a high incidence of nasal squamous cell carcinomas in rats. Some epidemiologic studies have also found increased numbers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and leukemia in humans exposed to formaldehyde that resulted in formaldehyde being considered a Known Human Carcinogen. This article reviews the data for rodent and human carcinogenicity, early Mode of Action studies, more recent molecular studies of both endogenous and exogenous DNA adducts, and epigenetic studies. It goes on to demonstrate the power of these research studies to provide critical data to improve our ability to develop science-based cancer risk assessments, instead of default approaches. The complexity of constant physiologic exposure to a known carcinogen requires that new ways of thinking be incorporated into determinations of cancer risk assessment for formaldehyde, other endogenous carcinogens, and the role of background endogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis.
Locking-In Effects Due to Early Interventions? An Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Screening Programs for Avoiding Long-Term Sickness
Authors: Johansson Per , Lindahl Erica
Published: November 2012

Objective:

In this article, we estimate the effect of a multidisciplinary collaborationprogram on the length of sickness absence. The intention with the programwas to avoid long-term sickness absence by providing an early and holistic evaluation of the sick-listed individuals' conditions. The target group was individuals who were at risk of becoming long-term sick. The eligibility criteria were mainly based on register information that we have access to.

Methods:

Using this register information, we estimate different Cox regression models and apply a nonparametric matching estimator. We have also conducted a small randomized experiment.

Results:

The result from the randomized experiment is not statistically significant, but the point estimate provides the same result as was found in the observational study: The program prolongs rather than shortens the sickness absence spell. That is, the average sickness absence spell is prolonged by about 3 months.

Conclusions:

Our main explanation for this discouraging result is that the team focuses too much on rehabilitation rather than encouraging the sick-listed individual to return to work.
Enteral feeding tubes
Authors: Leães Dória M , Mello Elza , Beghetto Mariur , de Silva Assis Michelli Cristina
Published: November 2012

Patients in whom oral energy intake is insufficient for daily needs may develop malnutrition and its complications, such as increased infection rates, increased length of hospitalization, and death. Enteral feeding is beneficial for these patients. However, this therapy is not without complications related to the insertion and placement of enteral feeding tubes. This review aims to identify from the literature different techniques for insertion and the methods used to evaluate the placement of enteral feeding tubes.
Beneath and Beyond the Fragments: The Charms of Simmel’s Philosophical Path for Contemporary Subjectivities
Authors: Darmon Isabelle , Frade Carlos
Published: November 2012

Our purpose in this article is to explore the reasons for the continued attractiveness of Simmel's thought today and to probe the contemporary affinities to his philosophical stance towards the world. Simmel anchored the ‘philosophical attitude' in the philosopher’s particularly developed disposition for Erlebnis, i.e. the unified pre-conceptual experience of each moment of reality and life, as well as in a particular mode of objectivating this experience. We provide an illustration of such an approach and its implications through Simmel's analysis of ‘remoteness from oneself’ and the restlessness it entails in The Philosophy of Money. We argue that Simmel's attempt at phenomenologically unveiling the contours and depths of life moments and fragments, as well as his emphasis on constant movement, provide much reassurance to contemporary subjectivities. But his philosophical stance is also driven by a quasi-mystical yearning for the One that lies beneath and beyond the fragments. We propose an initial assessment of the main implications of such a stance by relating it to the philosophical path it opened up (a path directly linking to Heidegger and his followers, but also in part to Deleuze) and by placing it in what we understand to be the new philosophical situation today.
The Threat of Space: A Discussion between Bashir Makhoul and Gordon Hon
Authors: Bishop Ryan
Published: November 2012

Bashir Makhoul and Gordon Hon are the artist and curator, respectively, of the installation Enter Ghost, Exit Ghost. Many of the ideas behind the work were developed in discussions between them and here they have formalized this process in a transcribed discussion conducted after the first manifestation of the piece in Beijing. They have also just completed work on a co-authored book on contemporary Palestinian art and they discuss the context of Enter Ghost, Exit Ghost specifically as a Palestinian artwork in China. They raise many of the issues that were discussed during its production, such as surveillance and the merging of virtual and real space in modern military and colonial conflict. They explore the notion of threat of space as manifested by surveillance, military training and colonial occupation.
In and Out of the Box: Bashir Makhoul’s Forbidden City
Authors: Beck John
Published: November 2012

Bashir Makhoul’s Beijing installation Enter Ghost, Exit Ghost is a maze made out of lenticular images of a Palestinian village that leads to a stack of cardboard boxes that could be a town, a military training camp, or just a heap of damaged packing containers. This article reads the installation through an initial misrecognition, seeing the boxes as a version of ancient Anasazi cliff dwellings. This displacement, where one place recalls somewhere else, is pursued through a discussion of W.J.T. Mitchell’s reflections on comparative ‘promised lands’, Israeli artist Larry Abramson’s notion of abstraction as camouflage, Eyal Weizman’s analysis of simulated battle-spaces, and Mark Twain’s critical reading of desert spaces in the western US and Palestine. The article argues that Makhoul’s work calls up a series of associations between times and places that speaks not only to the specific (Israel/Palestine) but to a broader global hermeneutics of empire based on symbolic overdetermination and strategic concealment and erasure.
Search and discovery by repeatedly successful entrepreneurs
Authors: Fiet James O. , Norton William I. , Clouse Van G.H.
Published: November 2012

This article examines the use of a model of search by entrepreneurs; for decades they have been advised to remain alert but now, new approaches are more open to effectuation and creation. However, so far none provides guidance regarding how to improve search effectiveness. We report upon a phenomenological investigation of Fiet’s model of constrained, systematic search which offers a prescriptive alternative. In order to test the latter’s effectiveness, 10 participants who started 47 ventures were interviewed. The article presents evidence of its use by these repeatedly successful entrepreneurs, finds support for the model and discusses its limitations and contributions.
Understanding economic development as a Deleuzian ‘plateau’
Authors: Rowe James E
Published: November 2012

This article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the New Zealand economic development landscape from a Deleuzian poststructuralist perspective. The Deleuzian concept of the ‘plateau’ is metaphorically used to denote levels of understanding that an economic development practitioner needs to know. It also demonstrates how changing government polices and key concepts such as globalization, clusters and business incubators can be visualized through metaphors. Deleuzian terms such as territorialization, folds, smooth and striated space, and nomads have been used to describe recurring key local economic development concepts. The importance of thinking outside the square is also highlighted.
Dermatitis and Cellulitis in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius) Caused by the Chrysosporium Anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii
Authors: Toplon D. E. , Terrell S. P. , Sigler L. , Jacobson E. R.
Published: November 2012

An epizootic of ulcerative to nodular ventral dermatitis was observed in a large breeding colony of 8-month to 5-year-old leopard geckos ( Eublepharis macularius) of both sexes. Two representative mature male geckos were euthanized for diagnostic necropsy. The Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) was isolated from the skin lesions, and identification was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. Histopathology revealed multifocal to coalescing dermal and subcutaneous heterophilic granulomas that contained septate fungal hyphae. There was also multifocal epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, and similar hyphae were present within the stratum corneum, occasionally with terminal chains of arthroconidia consistent with the CANV. In one case, there was focal extension of granulomatous inflammation into the underlying masseter muscle. This is the first report of dermatitis and cellulitis due to the CANV in leopard geckos.
In Vitro Characterization of Influenza A Virus Attachment in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Pigs
Authors: Detmer S. E. , Gramer M. R. , Goyal S. M. , Torremorell M.
Published: November 2012

The binding of influenza A viruses to epithelial cells in the respiratory tract of mammals is a key step in the infection process. Therefore, direct assessment of virus-host cell interaction using virus histochemistry (VH) will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these new viruses. For this study, the authors selected viruses that represented the 4 main genetic clusters of North American swine H1 (SwH1) viruses, along with A/California/04/2009 H1N1 and a vaccine strain for the positive controls, and the virus label, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), for the negative control. A group of 5 viruses containing a 2–amino acid insertion adjacent to the binding site of the hemagglutinin protein and their presumed ancestral viruses were also examined for changes in binding patterns. Viruses were bound to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, 6-week-old (6w) and adult pig tissues. Qualitative VH scores per respiratory zone ranged from + to +++, with bronchioles having the highest and most consistent scores, regardless of animal age. For the 6w bronchioles, a quantitative VH score was calculated using digital images of 5 bronchioles per tissue section using image analysis software. Significant differences in attachment were found among the SwH1 viruses ( P < .0001) and among the ancestral and insertion viruses ( P < .0001). These results provide new insights on virus binding to porcine respiratory epithelial cells and the usefulness of morphometric scores. The results also highlight limitations of in vitro techniques, including VH for predicting virulence and host range.
Determinants of long-term debt issuing decisions: An alternative approach
Authors: Zhu Yushu
Published: November 2012

This paper proposes a probit model to test capital structure theories. Our model is designed to circumvent a methodological problem in traditional regression analysis stemming from the use of scaling (e.g., in the form of financial ratios) that has plagued capital structure studies for more than 100 years (Pearson, 1897). Without correction, this problem potentially yields a spurious relation between the dependent and explanatory variables. For example, a negative relationship between capital leverage and firm profitability is concluded in the literature, which is counter to what is observed in reality. Using a sample of leverage increasing cases resulting from public debt issuances in US markets between 1996 and 2006, our probit model results indicate that leverage increasing firms tend to be more profitable. Our finding is consistent with the fact that, in practice, more profitable firms usually have easier access to debt markets.
Correlation Between Endobutton Loop Length and Tunnel Widening After Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Choi Nam-Hong , Oh Jong-Seok , Jung Seok-Hyun , Victoroff Brian N.
Published: November 2012

Background:

Previous reports have shown that graft fixation with the Endobutton is associated with tunnel widening because it provides distant fixation rather than aperture fixation.

Hypothesis:

A longer loop of the Endobutton results in greater tunnel widening than a shorter loop.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 171 consecutive patients underwent hamstring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction fixed with the Endobutton. They were followed for a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. A 15-mm loop was used in 20 patients, a 20-mm loop in 53, a 25-mm loop in 58, and a >30-mm loop in 40. On anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, the measured diameters of the femoral tunnel at 2 years after surgery were compared with the diameter of the reamer used at surgery. The measured diameter of the tibial tunnel at 2 years after surgery was compared with measurements taken on the immediate postoperative day. The center of the tibial tunnel and direction of the ACL graft were also measured. Postoperative knee stability was evaluated using the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and KT-1000 arthrometer. Functional evaluations were performed using the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale. All measurements were compared among the 4 groups according to the length of the Endobutton loop.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) diameter of the femoral tunnel increased by 50.7% ± 23.3% and 37.0% ± 18.8% on AP and lateral radiographs at 2 years after surgery, respectively. The mean ± SD diameter of the tibial tunnel increased by 40.8% ± 19.3% and 46.4% ± 22.6% on AP and lateral radiographs, respectively. No significant difference in tunnel widening was present according to the length of the Endobutton loop. There were no significant differences in the average center of the tibial tunnel or the average angle of the direction of the ACL graft among the 4 groups. There was no significant difference in Lachman test results, postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side differences, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale score among the 4 groups. The group with a >30-mm loop showed a significant difference in the pivot-shift test than the other 3 groups ( P = .023).

Conclusion:

A longer Endobutton loop did not result in greater tunnel widening than a shorter loop. Long fixation distance may not be associated with tunnel widening after hamstring ACL reconstructions.
The Effects of Cognitive Strategy Instruction on Knowledge of Math Problem-Solving Processes of Middle School Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Krawec Jennifer , Huang Jia , Montague Marjorie , Kressler Benikia , Melia de Alba Amanda
Published: November 2012

This study investigated the effectiveness of Solve It! instruction on students’ knowledge of math problem-solving strategies. Solve It! is a cognitive strategy intervention designed to improve the math problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities (LD). Participants included seventh- and eighth-grade students with LD ( n = 77) and average-achieving students ( n = 77). We examined treatment effects of the intervention, as well as differential effects of treatment across ability levels, on students’ knowledge of problem-solving strategies using the Math Problem-Solving Assessment. Results showed that students across ability levels who received Solve It! instruction reported using significantly more strategies than students in the comparison group. Implications for instruction are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Discourse Practices in Inclusive Elementary Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: Griffin Cynthia C. , League Martha B. , Griffin Valerie L. , Bae Jungah
Published: November 2012

In this exploratory study, teachers’ use of standards-based, discourse practices and their students’ mathematics learning in inclusive elementary mathematics classrooms were examined. Two beginning teachers (one third-grade teacher, one fourth-grade teacher) and six students identified with disabilities or as low performing in mathematics participated in this study (three students from each classroom). Six classroom observations of teachers took place over 4 months focusing on a subset of indicators associated with Walshaw and Anthony’s framework of mathematics classroom discourse practices. Follow-up interviews were also conducted. Curriculum-based and state-accountability measures were collected on the six target students in these settings. Different patterns of student performance emerged across the two classrooms in which teachers were observed using different types and degrees of standards-based discourse practices during mathematics lessons. Findings suggest indicators of effective mathematics teaching in inclusive general education classrooms to be validated by future research efforts.
Revisiting the Guilty Mind
Authors: Stadler William A. , Benson Michael L.
Published: November 2012

Since Sutherland first addressed the topic, it has been well known that white-collar offenders do not regard themselves or their actions as criminal. Almost without exception white-collar offenders deny that they had a guilty mind when committing their offenses. Indeed, a distinguishing feature of the psychological makeup of white-collar offenders is thought to be their ability to neutralize the moral bind of the law and rationalize their criminal behavior. Although white-collar offenders are assumed to be different than other types of offenders in how they think about their crimes, no research has compared white-collar to other offenders on this matter. The current study fills this gap in the literature by comparing a sample of federal prison inmates convicted of white-collar offenses with a sample convicted of other types of offenses. Findings indicate that white-collar offenders may not have different thinking patterns as previously thought.
Periodic puffing instabilities of buoyant large-scale pool fires in a confined compartment
Authors: Pretrel Hugues , Audouin Laurent
Published: November 2012

This article presents an experimental study of the pulsating period of pool fires in a confined and ventilated compartment. Based on large-scale pool fire experiments, two modes of flame pulsation are identified. The first one is the common mode of flame puffing observed in an open atmosphere, and the second one is a perturbed pulsation mode induced by a hot vitiated environment. A description of these modes and their spectral analysis based on image processing are described. The second new mode differs from the common mode by a lower puffing frequency of the reacting gas phase. The effect of the pool diameter is analysed for the two modes.
Development of polyureas with improved fire resistance
Authors: Underhill Royale S , DiLoreto Sam , DiLoreto Brenda
Published: November 2012

The demand for improved damage control materials to address high strain rate impact has led to exploration of polyureas in this role. Polyureas show potential for retrofitting pre-existing platforms because they can be applied as a spray and have extremely fast cure times and low volatile organic compounds. However, they have been limited in use in enclosed spaces because of their flammability. In this article, synthetic and additive routes to improve polyurea flame retardancy are systematically explored. The US Department of Defense test method standard Military Standard 2031 has been used as a target to meet or exceed for flammability properties. This article will outline the changes in polymer chemistry, the addition of fire-retardant additives, and the use of ignition barrier coatings that led to a composition that exceeded the military standard.
A sensitivity study on the fire-induced heating of concrete slabs in composite floor systems
Authors: Banerjee Dilip K
Published: November 2012

The fire resistance of composite floor systems depends on the interaction of the concrete slab with steel beams. To evaluate the fire resistance of composite floor systems, the temporal and spatial variations of temperatures must be accurately determined. The temperature profiles in a concrete section are a function of concrete thermophysical properties and boundary conditions. However, there can be considerable uncertainty in their values. A sensitivity study using an orthogonal full-factorial design approach was conducted to determine which of these parameters most significantly influenced the thermal response of the slab. The time–temperature data from a Cardington fire test were used to validate a heat transfer model of a representative section of the composite floor system. The orthogonal factorial design analysis indicated that the thermal behavior of the concrete slab is most sensitive to, in decreasing order, thermal conductivity, effective emissivity, convective heat transfer coefficient at the exposed surface, and enthalpy.
Learning and Refugees
Authors: Morrice Linda
Published: November 2012

Learning is generally viewed as a positive process bringing benefits to the individual, leading to growth and self-development. But is this always the case? This article draws on empirical research with refugees and considers the processes of transforming experience and learning that accompanies transition to life in the United Kingdom. I will argue for the importance of social context and nonformal learning, and suggest that models and theories based on transformative learning that ignore context provide only a partial and distorted picture of the learning and identity processes at work for this particular group of immigrants. There is a complexity and depth to the learning that they experience, which calls for an enlarged concept of learning and its potential outcomes.
Religion and Sex Among College Freshmen
Authors: Gannon Kathryn E. , Becker Tara , Moreno Megan A.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to use the social networking site Facebook to explore the relationship between religion and sex in emerging adults. Public profiles were examined at four Time points during freshman year. One hundred fifty profiles were analyzed for self-displayed religious affiliation, references to religiosity, and references to sexual behavior. Analyses included mixed-effects logistic regression, mixed-effects Poisson regression, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Displayed religious affiliation and references to sexual behavior decreased over the year. References to religiosity slightly increased. Across all Time points, displayers of religiosity had 65% fewer sexual references compared with non-displayers. Facebook is a venue to evaluate how emerging adults are displaying the relationship between religion and sex over time.
The protective role of pomegranate juice against carbon tetrachloride–induced oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Pirinççioğlu Mihdiye , Kızıl Göksel , Kızıl Murat , Kanay Zeki , Ketani Aydın
Published: November 2012

Most pomegranate ( Punica granatum Linn., Punicaceae) fruit parts are known to possess enormous antioxidant activity. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Derik pomegranate juice and determine its effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in rats. Animals were divided into four groups ( n = 6): group I: control, group II: CCl4 (1 ml/kg), group III: CCl4 + pomegranate juice and group IV: CCl4 + ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Treatment duration was 4 weeks, and the dose of CCl4 was administered once a week to groups II, III and IV during the experimental period. CCl4-treated rats caused a significant increase in serum enzyme levels, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin, and decrease in albumin, when compared with control. Administration of CCl4 along with pomegranate juice or UDCA significantly reduces these changes. Analysis of lipid peroxide (LPO) levels by thiobarbutiric acid reaction showed a significant increase in liver, kidney and brain tissues of CCl4-treated rats. However, both pomegranate juice and UDCA prevented the increase in LPO level. Histopathological reports also revealed that there is a regenerative activity in the liver and kidney cells. Derik pomegranate juice showed to be hepatoprotective against CCl4-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, present study reveals a biological evidence that supports the use of pomegranate juice in the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.
Procedural and Educational Interventions to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Rate and Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection Rate
Authors: Kellie Scott P. , Scott Michael J. , Cavallazzi Rodrigo , Wiemken Tim L. , Goss Linda , Parker Deanna , Saad Mohamed
Published: November 2012

Background:

Implementing best practice guidelines for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line-associated blood stream infection (CLA-BSI) has variable success. Our institution was concerned with high rates of VAP and CLA-BSI. This retrospective study was undertaken to see whether implementation of the below practices would reduce the rates of VAP and CLA-BSI without resorting to more expensive interventions such as subglottic endotracheal (ET) tube suctioning or silver-impregnated ET tubes. We utilized easily collectable data (standardized infection ratios [SIRs]) to rapidly assess whether interventions already in place were successful. This avoided cumbersome data collection and review.

Methods:

Retrospective data review calculated SIRs using National Healthcare Safety Network benchmarks. Rates and SIRs were compared using z tests with P values <.05 considered statistically significant. This data review attempted to examine the impact of education campaigns, staff meetings, in-services, physician checklist, nurse checklist, charge nurse checklist implementation, and chlorhexidine gluconate oral care addition to the VAP bundle. Additionally, central line insertion required nursing supervision, a checklist, and physician signature.

Results:

The incidence rate of VAP went from 9.88 occurrences/1000 vent days in 2009 to 0 occurrences/1000 vent days in 2010 ( P < .001). The CLA-BSI occurrences/1000 line days were 2.86 in 2009 and 0.97 in 2010 ( P = .0187). The SIR for VAP was 4.12 in 2009 and 0 in 2010 ( P < .001). For CLA-BSI, the SIR was 1.1 in 2009 and 0.37 in 2010 ( P = .04).

Conclusions:

Efforts to improve physician, patient, and staff education, and checklist implementation resulted in a decrease in VAP and CLA-BSI. This study confirms the applicability of best practice guidelines and suggests a benefit to the use of checklists. We utilize a practical approach for examining the success of these changes.
The United States–Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) and Its Impacts on China’s Textile and Apparel Exports to the United States
Authors: Lu Sheng , Dickerson Kitty
Published: November 2012

This study is an empirical evaluation of the impact of the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) on China's textile and apparel (T&A) exports to the United States, with special focus on potential trade diversion effects of the agreement. On the basis of estimated export similarity index and trade elasticity of substitution values for T&A products of China and South Korea, trade diversion caused by the KORUS is predicted to most strongly affect China's apparel exports (in HS Chapters 60-63). The KORUS may also affect China's exports in other T&A categories (in HS Chapters 51, 52, 56, 57 and 59), but results suggest the effects will be limited. This study contributes to understanding the T&A-specific sectoral impacts of the KORUS and suggests a need to reconsider the competitiveness of China's T&A exports in the era following elimination in 2005 of Multi-Fiber Arrangement quantitative trade restrictions.
Engineering Grassroots Transitional Justice in the Balkans
Authors: Di Lellio Anna , McCurn Caitlin
Published: November 2012

The initiative to establish a truth commission in the successor states of the former Yugoslavia (RECOM) presents a rich case study of the performance of the “toolkit” that transitional justice professionals propose on a global scale: an inclusive package that offers truth, justice, reconciliation and stability. Whether these goals could be achieved is the subject of a critical debate that questions overly ambitious projects of truth commissions, especially their sensitivity to local understandings and practices of transitional justice. We aim to contribute to this debate by examining the reception of RECOM in Kosovo, where most local actors remain either noncommittal or outright opposed to RECOM. What these actors share is the conviction that their own narratives be taken seriously, even when this means refusing the suppression of “truths” that can be divisive. We found that giving priority to “the local” implies more than adapting the received professional “toolkit”: it might require abandoning it.
The friction and wear properties of polypropylene composite filled with carbon fiber and polyamide 6
Authors: Jian Li , Kao-Walter Sharon
Published: November 2012

Carbon fiber composites were prepared in order to study the influence of fillers (polyamide 6; PA6) on the tensile and tribological properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. Tensile fracture mechanism was discussed based on the tensile test results. Tribological tests were conducted on a Mobile Remote Handler-3 (MRH-3) friction and wear tester using a block-on-ring arrangement. It was observed that the carbon fiber (CF) played a main role in the tensile-resistant and wear-resistant properties of the CF/PP composites. The tensile properties were ruled by the fiber–matrix adhesion. Moreover, the excellent tribological performance of the CF/PA6/PP composite is consistent with the worn surface morphology shown.