bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dezocine Antagonizes Morphine Analgesia
upon Simultaneous Administration in Rodent
Models of Acute Nociception
Authors: Yao Yong-Xing
Published: January 2020

Background: Dezocine is a powerful analgesic that can be less addictive than morphine, yet how
the two drugs interact in vivo is poorly understood. Here we administered dezocine alone or in
combination with morphine to different acute nociception paradigms to explore the interactions
of the 2 drugs upon co-administration.
Objective: To evaluate how dezocine interacts with morphine in different acute nociception
paradigms.
Study Design: Laboratory animal study.
Setting: Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Methods: Healthy mice were treated with saline, dezocine (0.625 – 2.5 µg), or a combination
of dezocine with morphine (2.5 µg). Tail withdrawal latency (TWL) was analyzed prior to and 30
minutes after drug administration. Rats were treated with saline, morphine (3 mg/kg), dezocine (3
mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs. The animals were then left uninjured, subjected to plantar
incision, or underwent formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation. Nociception was then analyzed
in terms of mechanical threshold (MT) to von Frey stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL)
to thermal stimulation. Formaldehyde-induced pain score was calculated based on the duration of
biting and elevating of the animal’s legs. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase
(pERK) was also measured after plantar incision as a molecular index of nociception.
Results: Dezocine enhanced TWL but inhibited morphine analgesia in a dose-dependent fashion
in mice. Usage of morphine or dezocine alone in uninjured rats increased MT, but co-administering
both drugs did not further increase MT. Usage of one drug alone, and both drugs together
increased MT and PWL relative to saline at 30 minutes after incision. Usage of one drug alone, but
not both drugs together, increased MT and PWL at 120 minutes after incision. Dezocine reduced
formaldehyde-induced nociception but co-administering both drugs did not further reduce pain
behavior.
Limitations: The results were obtained from animal study; clinical investigations will be needed
to clarify their interaction.
Conclusion: Dezocine antagonizes morphine analgesia on acute nociception upon simultaneous
administration.
Key words: Dezocine, morphine, acute nociception, analgesia
Clinical Outcome of Augmentation
Enterocystoplasty for Patients with
Ketamine-induced Cystitis
Authors: Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: January 2020

Background: Ketamine abuse has become a global phenomenon in recent years. Ketamineinduced cystitis (KC) is a new clinical syndrome which can result in severely inflamed bladder
and intractable bladder pain. Currently there is no guideline for managing patients with KC.
Objectives: To analyze the clinical outcome of patients with KC managed with augmentation
enterocystoplasty (AE).
Study Design: Retrospective interventional study.
Setting: A tertiary teaching hospital, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital.
Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the medical records and videourodynamic (VUD) test results of 26 patients who underwent AE as treatment for refractory
KC during the period 2009 – 2014. All of these patients abused ketamine with nasal snorting,
at least 3 grams per dose, twice per week for 6 months. Data from VUD studies performed
before AE and 3 – 6 months after surgery that were analyzed in this study included cystometric
bladder capacity (CBC), post-void residual (PVR) urine volume, maximum urinary flow rate
(Qmax), voided volume, and bladder compliance. A self-report questionnaire was used to
assess patient satisfaction with AE.
Results: Patients included 14 women and 12 men aged 20 – 43 years (mean age, 28.5 years)
with an average duration of ketamine abuse of 4.7 years (range, 1 – 10 years). All patients
had contracted bladder, 9 had hydronephrosis, and 10 had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). There
was significant improvement in CBC (52.7 ± 29.7 v 327 ± 69.4 mL, P < 0.0001), Qmax (6.94
± 4.32 v 13.7 ± 4.96 mL/s, P < 0.0001), PVR (8.08 ± 19.2 v 82.6 ± 91.5 mL, P < 0.0001),
voided volume (44.1 ± 28.3 v 250.7 ± 133.4 mL, P < 0.0001), and bladder compliance (11.1
± 11.9 v 54 ± 43, P < 0.0001) after AE. Hydronephrosis resolved in 7 patients after AE and
VUR resolved in all patients who underwent AE with ureteral reimplantation. All patients who
stopped using ketamine were free of bladder pain postoperatively. However, 10 patients who
reused ketamine had recurrent bladder pain and recurrent urinary tract infection.
Limitations: Small number of patients limits scope of study.
Conclusions: AE is effective at treating KC-induced bladder pain and restoring normal
lower urinary tract function. However, absolute cessation of ketamine is the key to success in
KC treatment.
Key words: Ketamine-induced cystitis, augmentation enterocystoplasty, bladder pain,
contracted bladder, inflammation, surgery
Chronic Localized Back Pain Due to Posterior
Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
(POCNES): A New Diagnosis
Authors: Boelens Oliver
Published: January 2020

Most patients with chronic back pain suffer from degenerative thoracolumbovertebral
disease. However, the following case illustrates that a localized peripheral nerve
entrapment must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic back pain.
We report the case of a 26-year-old woman with continuous excruciating pain in the lower
back area. Previous treatment for nephroptosis was to no avail. On physical examination
the pain was present in a 2 x 2 cm area overlying the twelfth rib some 4 cm lateral to the
spinal process. Somatosensory testing using swab and alcohol gauze demonstrated the
presence of skin hypo- and dysesthesia over the painful area. Local pressure on this painful
spot elicited an extreme pain response that did not irradiate towards the periphery. These
findings were highly suggestive of a posterior version of the anterior cutaneous nerve
entrapment syndrome (ACNES), a condition leading to a severe localized neuropathic pain
in anterior portions of the abdominal wall.
She demonstrated a beneficial albeit temporary response after lidocaine infiltration as
dictated by an established diagnostic and treatment protocol for ACNES. She subsequently
underwent a local neurectomy of the involved superficial branch of the intercostal nerve.
This limited operation had a favorable outcome resulting in a pain-free return to normal
activities up to this very day (follow-up of 24 months).
We propose to name this novel syndrome “posterior cutaneous nerve entrapment
syndrome” (POCNES). Each patient with chronic localized back pain should undergo simple
somatosensory testing to detect the presence of overlying skin hypo- and dysesthesia
possibly reflecting an entrapped posterior cutaneous nerve.
Key words: Chronic pain, back pain, posterior cutaneous nerve entrapment, peripheral
nerve entrapment, surgical treatment for pain, anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment
Nomogram for Predicting Intradiscal
Cement Leakage Following Percutaneous
Vertebroplasty in Patients with Osteoporotic
Related Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Teng Gao-Jun
Published: January 2020

Background: Intradiscal cement leakage (ICL) is a common complication following percutaneous
vertebroplasty (PVP). However, the risk factors for such a complication are under debate and there
is no accurate predictive nomogram to predict ICL.
Objectives: To establish an effective and novel nomogram for ICL following PVP in patients with
osteoporotic-related vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).
Study Design: This was a retrospective study approved by the Institutional Review Board of our
institution.
Setting: This study consists of patients from a large academic center.
Methods: Patients with OVCFs who underwent their first PVP in our department between January
2007 and December 2013 were included in this study. All the potential risk factors of ICL after
PVP were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent
risk factors. The nomogram was then created based on the identified independent risk factors.
Results: A total of 241 patients and 330 vertebrae were included. The mean age of the patients
was 73.5 (SD 7.9) years old, and the mean number of treated vertebrae was 1.4 per person. ICL
was observed in 93 (28.2%) of the treated vertebrae. Greater fracture severity (P = 0.016), cortical
disruption of the endplate (P < 0.0001), absence of Kummell’s disease (P = 0.010), and higher
computed tomography (CT) values (P = 0.050) were the independent risk factors for ICL.
Limitations: The main limitation of this study is that it is a retrospective study.
Conclusion: Greater fracture severity, cortical disruption of the endplate, absence of Kummell’s
disease, and higher CT values are the independent risk factors for ICL. The novel nomogram gives
an accurate prediction of ICL.
Key words: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, percutaneous vertebroplasty,
intradiscal cement leakage, risk factors, prediction, nomogram
The Different Dynamic Changes of Nerve
Growth Factor in the Dorsal Horn and Dorsal
Root Ganglion Leads to Hyperalgesia and
Allodynia in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Feng Yi
Published: January 2020

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes
and more than half of the patients with DPN have self-reported symptoms referring to painful
diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key factor for the nervous system, but the
role of it in the neuropathic pain of diabetic patients is unclear.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dynamic expression of
NGF in dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of diabetic rats and hyperalgesia and allodynia in
diabetic neuropathic pain. It also aimed to explore the effects of exogenous mouse NGF (mNGF) on
NGF expression in dorsal horn, DRG, and mechanical pain threshold.
Study Design: Animal research study.
Setting: Experimental research laboratory.
Methods: The model of diabetes was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin
(STZ 55 mg/kg). Firstly, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 10) and
diabetes group (n = 40). The diabetes group contained 4 subgroups: diabetes week 1 group (DM1,
n = 10), diabetes week 2 group (DM2, n = 10), diabetes week 4 group (DM4, n = 10), and diabetes
week 8 group (DM8, n = 10). Then, the other rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control
group (n = 10) and treatment group (n = 30). The treatment group contained 3 subgroups: saline
group (n = 10), low dose mNGF group (mNGF1, n = 10), and high dose mNGF group (mNGF2, n =
10). Mechanical pain threshold was assessed using Von Frey hairs, before the establishment of the
diabetes model and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the establishment. The NGF expression in dorsal horn
and DRG was measured by western blot.
Results: The mechanical pain threshold decreased one week after the establishment of the diabetes
model, which continued for 8 weeks. The NGF expression in the dorsal horn was reduced 2 weeks
after diabetes induction and the decreased NGF expression continued for 4 weeks. However, the
NGF expression in DRG was reduced one week after diabetes induction and remained at a low level
for 8 weeks. Hyperalgesia occurred when the NGF expression in the DRG decreased and further
reduction in the NGF expression in the dorsal horn caused concomitant allodynia. The mechanical
pain threshold was significantly elevated 2 weeks after mNGF treatment.
Limitations: The course of diabetes should be much longer and there is not a precise analysis
of the quantitative relation between the NGF expression in the dorsal horn/DRG and hyperalgesia/
allodynia.
Conclusion: In diabetic neuropathic pain, the dynamic changes of the NGF expression in dorsal
horn and DRG is involved in the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia respectively. Exogenous
mNGF may relieve diabetic neuropathic pain by increasing the NGF expression in dorsal horn and
DRG.
Key words: Nerve growth factor, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia,
dorsal horn, dorsal root ganglion
Pain Physician 2017; 20:E551
Tianeptine Reduces Mechanical Allodynia
in Spinal Nerve-ligated and Chemotherapyinduced Neuropathic Mice
Authors: Park Hue Jung
Published: January 2020

Background: Spinal nerve-ligated neuropathy and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy
produce a persistent tactile allodynia in mice. Tianeptine is an antidepressant that exhibits
structural similarities to tricyclic antidepressants but has distinct neurochemical properties.
Objective: Here we examined the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) tianeptine on allodynia in
spinal nerve-ligated and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic mice.
Study Design: A randomized, experimental trial.
Setting: Laboratory animal study.
Methods: Spinal nerve-ligated neuropathy was induced in a Chung model made by ligating
the L5 spinal nerve. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy was induced by injecting vincristine
(0.1 mg/kg/day; i.p.) on the following schedule: 5 days on, 2 days off, for14 days. Tianeptine (10,
30, and 50 mg/kg) and saline were administered, respectively, to both groups of neuropathic
mice (n = 5 for each group). We evaluated mechanical allodynia using von Frey hairs prior to
drug injections and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes, and 24 hours after injections.
We also measured the changes in activate transcription factor 3 (ATF3) level in the dorsal root
ganglion (DRG) in each group in order to understand the analgesic mechanism of tianeptine.
Results: Both spinal nerve-ligated and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic mice showed
prominent allodynia. The control group showed no differences in mechanically induced allodynia
compared to the experimental groups. For the tianeptine groups, paw-withdrawal thresholds
in response to mechanical stimuli were significantly lower than the pre-administration values
and values from the control group (P < 0.05). The increase in DRG ATF3 in neuropathic mice
was reduced by tianeptine (P < 0.05).
Limitations: Less is known about the transcription factors that affect inflammation signaling.
Conclusions: Tianeptine administered i.p. reduces mechanical allodynia in spinal nerveligated and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic mice models. These effects were confirmed by
attenuation of previously increased DRG ATF3.
Key words: Tianeptine, spinal-nerve ligation, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic, activating
transcription factor 3
Educational Outreach to Opioid Prescribers: The
Case for Academic Detailing
Authors: Davis Margot Trotter
Published: January 2020

Nonmedical use of opioid medications constitutes a serious health threat as the rates of
addiction, overdoses, and deaths have risen in recent years. Increasingly, inappropriate and
excessively liberal prescribing of opioids by physicians is understood to be a central part of the
crisis. Public health officials, hospital systems, and legislators are developing programs and
regulations to address the problem in sustained and systematic ways that both insures effective
treatment of pain and appropriate limits on the availability of opioids. Three approaches have
obtained prominence as means of avoiding excessive and inappropriate prescribing, including:
providing financial incentives to physicians to change their clinical decision through pay-forperformance contracts, monitoring patient medications through Prescription Drug Monitoring
Programs, and educational outreach to physicians.
A promising approach to educational outreach to physicians is an intervention known as
“academic detailing.” It was developed in the 1980s to provide one-on-one educational
outreach to physicians using similar methods as the pharmaceutical industry that sends
“detailers” to market their products to physician practices. Core to academic detailing, however,
is the idea that medical decisions should be based on evidence-based information, including
managing conditions with updated assessment measures, behavioral, and nonpharmacological
interventions. With the pharmaceutical industry spending billions of dollars to advertise their
products, individual practitioners can have difficulty gathering unbiased information, especially
as the number of approved medications grows each year. Academic detailing has successfully
affected the management of health conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, and recently, has targeted physicians who prescribe opioids. This article
discusses the approach as a potentially effective preventative intervention to address the
epidemic of opioid overuse.
Key words: Opioid abuse, opioid misuse, academic detailing, health policy, interactive
education,prevention
Electric Stimulation for Pain Relief in Patients
with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Salazar Ana Paula da Silva
Published: January 2020

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome whose primary symptoms include chronic
widespread muscle pain and fatigue. The treatment of patients with FM aims to provide
symptomatic relief and improvement in physical capacities to perform daily tasks and quality of
life. Invasive or non-invasive electric stimulation (ES) is used for pain relief in patients with FM.
Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of treatment with ES, combined or
not combined with other types of therapy, for pain relief in patients with FM.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Setting: Electronic search was conducted on databases (from the inception to April 2016):
MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane
CENTRAL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).
Methods: Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies based on the inclusion
criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of ES combined or not with
other types of treatment for pain relief in patients with FM (according to the American College
of Rheumatology), regardless of the ES dosages. The primary outcome was pain, assessed by the
visual analogue scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes extracted were quality of life, assessed by
short form-36 health survey (SF- 36), and fatigue, assessed by VAS.
Results: Nine studies were included, with 301 patients. The meta-analysis for pain showed
positive effect of ES treatment versus control [-1.24 (95% CI: -2.39 to -0.08; I2
: 87%, P = 0.04) n
= 8 RCTs]. The sensitivity analysis for pain showed significant results for invasive ES, combined or
not with other types of therapy [-0.94 (95% CI, -1.50 to -0.38; I2
0%, P = 0.001) n = 3 RCTs]. No
significant improvement was found regarding quality of life [-3.48 (95% CI: -12.58 to 5.62; I2
: 0%,
P = 0.45), n = 2 RCTs] or fatigue [-0.57 (95% CI, -1.25 to 0.11; I2
34%, P = 0.100; n = 4 RCTs].
Limitations: This systematic review included a small number of studies and reduced number
of participants in each study. Furthermore, most of the studies showed some biases and lack of
methodological quality.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that there is low-quality evidence for the effectiveness
of ES for pain relief in patients with FM. However, moderate-quality evidence for the effectiveness
of electroacupuncture (EA), combined or not combined with other types of treatment, was found
for pain relief.
Clinical Trial Registration Information: PROSPERO under the identification
CRD42015025323
Key words: Electric stimulation, electroacupuncture, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation,
pain, fibromyalgia, review, physical therapy, rehabilitation
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Symptomatic
Schmorl’s Nodes: 11 Cases with Long-term
Follow-up and a Literature Review
Authors: Teng Gao-Jun
Published: January 2020

Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is commonly used to treat symptomatic vertebral
compression fractures. However, its long-term effectiveness and safety for use in the treatment of
symptomatic Schmorl’s nodes (SNs) refractory to conservative treatment is uncertain.
Objectives: To present a case series with PVP for symptomatic SNs not responding to conservative
therapy and assess the effectiveness and safety for such treatment with long-term follow-up. To
present a review of the literature regarding SNs and treatment options.
Study Design: Single center retrospective observational study.
Setting: This study consists of patients from a large academic center in China.
Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2013, 11 patients suffering from symptomatic
SNs that were refractory to medical or physical therapy, underwent PVP procedures in our
department. All patients had a definitive diagnosis of SNs by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
and computed tomography (CT). The visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed preoperatively at
4 hours, at one month, and every 6 months postoperatively during the long-term (mean: 58.0
months) follow-up period.
Results: Each of the 11 patients reported an immediate and distinct relief of their back pain. No
one reported a worsening of symptoms. The VAS decreased from an average preprocedural score
of 7.9 to a postprocedural score of 2.1 at 4 hours. The VAS averaged 1.8 during the mean followup period of 58.0 (range 24.1 to 98.9) months. There were no postoperative complications during
the follow-up period. At the end of the follow-up period, all 11 patients were unrestricted in their
activities.
Limitations: This study is a retrospective study with a small sample size.
Conclusions: PVP is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of symptomatic SNs,
which are refractory to medical or physical therapy.
Key words: Percutaneous vertebroplasty, symptomatic Schmorl’s nodes, vertebral endplate
fracture, endplate osteonecrosis, Modic changes
Real-Time Search-based Planning in Structure Environments
Authors: Le Than
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we address the data sending and visualization in search-based planning using the open source software based on motion planning problems. First, we explore the computing architecture of software where we can communicate with other devices or sensors. It also is to understand the finding path problem by using the A-Start algorithm. By the way, it is

integrated to ROS (Robot Operation System) and implemented

in Nao Humanoid Robot based on solving the optimize the

trajectories.
Ixodídeos coletados parasitando animais selvagens no Zoológico de Sorocaba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Martins Thiago Fernandes
Published: January 2020

Carrapatos são aracnídeos hematófagos que parasitam animais domésticos e uma diversidade de animais silvestres nos ambientes terrestres do planeta. Este trabalho registra novas ocorrências de carrapatos duros em espécies de animais selvagens oriundos do interior do Estado de São Paulo, e encaminhados ao zoológico do município de Sorocaba. Durante os anos de 2014, 2015 e 2016, utilizando-se chaves taxonômicas, foram identificados ixodídeos em animais silvestres atendidos no parque zoológico. No total, foram coletados 675 espécimes de 14 espécies diferentes de carrapatos, de um réptil, de quatro aves e de 31 mamíferos, totalizando 17 espécies distintas de animais selvagens analisados. Este trabalho registra, pela primeira vez, adultos de Amblyomma sculptum parasitando cágadode- barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus) e ema (Rhea americana), assim como ninfas dessa mesma espécie de carrapato em águia-cinzenta (Urubitinga coronata), além de ninfa de Amblyomma parkeri em gavião-pega-macaco (Spizaetus tyrannus) e ninfa de Amblyomma brasiliense em veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) no Brasil. Neste trabalho, ainda foram encontrados vetores de riquetsioses do grupo da febre maculosa, tais como Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma ovale e A. sculptum, demostrando, dessa forma, que os jardins zoológicos são eficientes centros de investigação, triagem e pesquisa para diversidade de carrapatos.
Febre maculosa brasileira
Authors: Moraes-Filho Jonas
Published: January 2020

A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) é uma doença infecciosa transmitida por carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma, tendo como principal agente etiológico a bactéria Rickettsia rickettsii, manifestando-se por um quadro febril agudo. O primeiro relato de riquetsiose no Brasil foi em 1900, no Instituto Bacteriológico de São Paulo, pelo Dr. Adolfo Lutz. A doença reemergiu e se tornou um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil a partir da década de 1980. Desde então, observou-se aumento no número de casos, expansão das áreas de transmissão, transmissão em áreas urbanas e, em especial, elevadas taxas de letalidade. As rickettsias são bactérias intracelulares obrigatórias, com predisposição ao parasitismo de células endoteliais, que estão classicamente divididas em três grupos: o grupo tifo, composto por Rickettsia prowazekii e Rickettsia typhi; o grupo da febre maculosa, que inclui mais de 20 espécies válidas, principalmente associadas aos carrapatos (por exemplo, R. rickettsii e R. parkeri); e um grupo mais basal, em que estão incluídas R. bellii, R. monteiroi e R. canadensis. No Brasil, a transmissão da FMB está associada aos carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma, e as espécies de maior importância na transmissão da doença são A. sculptum (antigo A. cajennense) e A. aureolatum. A doença se caracteriza por febre, mialgia e cefaleia intensa, exantema, edema nas mãos e nos pés, sendo que em alguns casos apresenta-se de maneira generalizada. A doença causa sepse com comprometimento pulmonar, podendo ocasionar insuficiência respiratória aguda, problemas renais, como insuficiência renal aguda, diátese hemorrágica, lesões neurológicas com meningite, encefalite e icterícia. Os casos clínicos que evoluem para óbito, devido a diagnóstico e tratamento tardios, normalmente ocorrem entre o 5° e o 15° dias após o início dos sintomas. O diagnóstico da doença é feito com o emprego da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e isolamento em cultivo celular. Após início das manifestações clínicas, o tratamento deve ser iniciado precocemente, interrompendo a administração após dois ou três dias do desaparecimento da febre. As medidas de vigilância e controle devem focar ações educativas e divulgar a doença para a população e os profissionais da saúde, repassando conhecimentos sobre sua existência, sobre medidas preventivas e sobre a importância do enviar carrapatos coletados nos pacientes ou encontrados no ambiente para identificá-los.
Política sanitária para prevenção e vigilância da encefalopatia espongiforme bovina no Brasil
Authors: Vaz Juliana do Amaral Moreira Conforti , Sena Elaine Fátima de
Published: January 2020

O Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Vigilância da Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina (PNEEB) foi instituído pela Instrução Normativa nº 44, de 17 de setembro de 2013. Anteriormente, a política sanitária estava inserida no Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros. Desde 1990, as ações de prevenção da EEB vêm sendo estabelecidas e aprimoradas continuamente. Os principais objetivos do PNEEB são: evitar a entrada do agente da EEB no território nacional, aplicar medidas de mitigação de risco, no intuito de evitar eventual reciclagem e difusão do agente da EEB no país e manter um sistema de vigilância para detecção de animais infectados. As medidas sanitárias preventivas estão harmonizadas com o disposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE), que considera a gestão de risco para a ocorrência da EEB, sendo que, atualmente, classifica o Brasil na categoria de risco insignificante, demonstrando efetividade das medidas em curso. Para a prevenção da EEB é primordial o envolvimento de todos os setores, públicos (federal, estadual e municipal) e privados (produtores rurais, profissionais agropecuários, instituições de pesquisa e ensino, dentre outros). Este artigo detalha as diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Vigilância da EEB (PNEEB), ressaltando as principais legislações e ações realizadas no estado de São Paulo, e explica a importância da adoção de medidas de prevenção e da participação efetiva dos profissionais do setor de saúde.
Hipospadia perineal em um cão sem raça definida: relato de caso
Authors: Souza Camilla Brigida Rodrigues de , Moreno Monise Ramalho , Zoppa Aline Machado De
Published: January 2020

A hipospadia é uma anomalia congênita da genitália externa na qual a uretra peniana termina ventral e caudalmente à sua abertura normal. Pode ser classificada, com base na localização da abertura uretral, como glandular, peniana, escrotal, perineal ou anal. Os animais acometidos apresentam outras anormalidades congênitas ou de desenvolvimento. Este trabalho relata um caso raro de hipospadia perineal em um cão macho, sem raça definida, com cinco meses de idade, abordando os aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos e os exames solicitados. Um canino com suspeita de hermafroditismo foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi. Durante o exame físico, foram observados meato uretral localizado ventralmente ao ânus, alterações no prepúcio e no pênis e ausência de escroto, além de má formação das vértebras coccígeas. Foram realizados exames de triagem, como hemograma, ultrassonografia abdominal e radiografias das regiões toracolombar e lombo sacra. O cão foi encaminhado para tratamento cirúrgico, sendo submetido à penectomia e orquiectomia. O animal recebeu antibioticoterapia, analgésico, anti-inflamatório, limpeza diária da ferida cirúrgica e da região perineal e apresentou excelente recuperação pós-operatória. Após 15 dias da operação, o paciente retornou ao hospital e foi constatada a completa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica e ausência de infecção urinária, de inflamação ou de assaduras da região perineal. Optou-se pela remoção da genitália externa anormal para evitar infecções e/ou inflamações e para melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente.
Surto de brucelose em canil comercial: relato de caso
Authors: Silva David Attuy Vey da , Diniz Jaqueline Assumpção , Muner Kerstin , Keid Lara Borges , Batinga Maria Cryskely Agra , Soares Rodrigo Martins
Published: January 2020

A Brucella canis é uma bactéria intracelular facultativa responsável pela brucelose nos cães, uma doença infectocontagiosa de caráter crônico e zoonótico, endêmica no Brasil e associada a problemas reprodutivos e comprometimento dos sistemas linfoide e articular. A infecção é comumente descrita em canis de reprodutores, sendo de difícil tratamento e controle. Este trabalho relata um surto de brucelose em um canil comercial localizado em Guarulhos (São Paulo), composto por 32 cães (4 machos e 28 fêmeas) de 5 raças distintas, no qual episódios de abortamento foram relatados desde outubro de 2015. A suspeita de brucelose foi aventada apenas um ano e meio após a ocorrência do primeiro episódio de abortamento, sendo realizados anamnese, exames clínicos e diagnósticos sorológico e bacteriológico em todos os cães do plantel. Dos 32 cães, 28 apresentaram pelo menos um sinal clínico compatível com brucelose, sendo o aumento de linfonodos e o abortamento os sinais mais frequentemente observados. Vinte e seis animais apresentaram resultado positivo em pelo menos um dos testes laboratoriais usados para o diagnóstico, indicando prevalência de 81,25% na criação. No diagnóstico microbiológico, houve isolamento de B. canis em amostras de sangue de 22 cães, em amostras de swab vaginal de 9 fêmeas e em sêmen ou swab prepucial de 2 machos. Vinte e três cães apresentaram resultados positivos no sorodiagnóstico. Quando introduzida em criações caninas confinadas, a infecção pode se disseminar rapidamente, levando a grandes perdas reprodutivas. A elevada prevalência observada no canil pode ser relacionada à demora para a investigação da infecção após a ocorrência do primeiro episódio de abortamento, bem como à existência de condições de manejo favoráveis à introdução e rápida disseminação da infecção. Assim, o presente relato alerta para a importância da imediata investigação de problemas reprodutivos em cães por meio de testes laboratoriais para diagnóstico da brucelose canina.
O uso da dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA) no diagnóstico e estadiamento da doença renal crônica em felinos: revisão de literatura
Authors: Lourenço Patrícia Pietro , Albuquerque Karina D’Elia
Published: January 2020

O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é descrever os testes labora­toriais utilizados rotineiramente na clínica de pequenos animais para a detecção da doença renal crônica (DRC) em felinos, enfatizando o diagnóstico precoce desta afecção pela utilização de uma nova ferramenta laboratorial, a dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA). A DRC caracteriza-se pela perda progressiva e irreversível dos néfrons, sendo a filtração a função mais básica dos rins, correlacionada, as­sim, à taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e à massa renal funcional. Embora a mensuração da taxa de filtração glomerular F seja método de referência para a avaliação da função renal, seu uso infrequente permite o uso de marcadores alternativos, como a concentração de uréia e creatinina séricas. O SDMA é uma molécula estável, sendo amplamente excretado pelo rim, o que o torna um bom candidato à biomarcador renal, pois seu tamanho e carga permitem que seja livremente excretado por filtração glomerular. A dosagem do SDMA é extremamente precisa, sendo o diagnóstico precoce de DRC pos­sível atualmente, intervenções renoprotetoras que retardam seu progresso, ou visam estabilizar a doença, são possíveis.
Descrição clínica e achados laboratoriais de cão intoxicado por veneno de sapo (Rhinella icterica) (Anura: Bufonidae): relato de caso
Authors: Baltazar Fabio Navarro , Augusto Cecília de Faria Brito , Carminato Carla , Faria Paula Catarina de Oliveira , Berl Carla Alice
Published: January 2020

Apesar da alta frequência de intoxicações na clínica médica de pe­quenos animais, acidentes com anfíbios são considerados emergên­cias médicas devido ao elevado potencial tóxico de seu veneno, o qual tende a direcionar o curso clínico do paciente intoxicado para eventos fisiopatológicos, principalmente cardiovasculares e neuro­lógicos. Este estudo tem por finalidade descrever as principais alte­rações clínicas e laboratoriais observadas em um cão intoxicado por veneno de sapo identificado como sendo Rhinella icterica (Anura: Bufonidae), mediante identificação do anfíbio por imagens obtidas pelos tutores. A instituição precoce das estratégias terapêuticas ime­diatas (estabilização clínica) e tardias (terapia intensiva), assim como o estadiamento de lesões em outros órgãos e sistemas pelos exames complementares realizados de maneira simultânea, caracterizaram-se como essenciais para a melhora no prognóstico do animal.
Modlitwa i jej rozumienie w życiu studentów
Authors: Skrzyniarz Ryszard
Published: January 2020

XX i XXI wiek to czas, w którym świat pogrąża się w doktrynach laicyzmu, ateizmu i współczesnych filozofii odrzucających Boga. We współczesnym zagubieniu, jakim jest odchodzenie od wiary, bombardowanie ludzi ciągle zbliżającym się końcem świata, rosnącym okultyzmem, człowiek współczesny, a zwłaszcza młodzież jest coraz bardziej zagubiona. Dlatego zapytałem studentów, czym dla nich jest modlitwa, jak ją definiują, w jaki sposób się modlą, o co się modlą i czy uważają, że ich modlitwy są wysłuchiwane. Studenci wyróżnili kilka typów modlitwy: chwalebną i dziękczynną oraz błagalną i przebłagalną. Modlitwa jest dla nich ważnym wyrazem dojrzałości osobowej oraz duchowej i jest także świadectwem rozumienia swojej egzystencjalnej sytuacji. Dostrzegają, że modlitwa jest rzeczywistością łączącą to co nadprzyrodzone z tym co w człowieku naturalne i ludzkie, jest wyrazem transcendencji osoby ale przede wszystkim także wyrazem i doświadczeniem swojej podmiotowości oraz zależności od Boga. Jest ona także rodzajem ludzkiej decyzji i jest też pewnym osądem nad sobą i światem w kontekście tego jak się ten świat rozumie i jak ujmuje się jego relację do Boga. Modlitwa jako akt religijny łączący człowieka z Bogiem nie może być pomijana w dyskursie pedagogicznym. Ma ona swoje miejsce w pedagogice modlitwy oraz wychowaniu człowieka do modlitwy. Pedagogiczny wymiar modlitwy jest ukazany na gruncie antropologicznym poprzez prezentację relacji jaka jest między człowiekiem a Bogiem (celem i spełnieniem się ludzkiej osoby). Modlitwa jest nie tylko potwierdzeniem otwartości człowieka na Boga (istnieniu człowieka dzięki Bogu, ku Bogu, dla Boga, pragnienie Go i spełnienie się w Bogu) – ale wymaga pracy, formacji człowieka do modlitwy – a to jest zadaniem pedagogiki.
INTERAGINDO COM INTERAÇÕES: AUTO-REFLEXÕES DE UM EDUCADOR MATEMÁTICO INSTIGADO POR TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Bairral Marcelo Almeida
Published: January 2020

Promovem-se aqui reflexões sobre resultados de investigações iniciadas com foco no desenvolvimento conceitual e posteriormente incrementadas com tecnologias diversas (sobretudo, as digitais) e sobre a adoção de perspectivas educacionais com (ou sobre) tecnologias. Ilustra-se como a interação passou a ser um construto central nas pesquisas desenvolvidas e indicam-se algumas faces que ela pode assumir: como atividade cultural e cognitivamente situada; como atividade discursiva; como atividade colaborativa e em negociação constante; e como atividade cognitivamente corporificada. Situam-se os toques e as manipulações na tela, com a tela ou a partir da tela como mais uma forma de interação e manifestação da linguagem e de cognição e, portanto, de pensamento.
The Circle
Authors: Alkahtani Mohammad
Published: January 2020

This article explain the basic property of the circle. It introduce an
algorithm to draw the circle on digital devices using matrices which can be
multiplied, added, and substrate very fast on GPU in parallel, algorithm
added a precision for the real numbers calculation to be used for
optimization and accuracy. The aim of this article is to explain that the
use of drawing any circle is relative to the plane that it reside on and the
plane might use any arbitrary measuring unit like meter, mile,
inches,...etc. In addition, the plane location can be to other objects.
TX-8-797-987 The Article can be found by this reference number in The United
State Copyright Office.
Tratamiento primario (reducción de coloides-clarificación) de aguas residuales-efluente río Huatanay mediante operaciones unitarias de coagulación-Floculación y estabilización de ph.
Authors: Vera marmanillo Veronika
Published: January 2020

El trabajo de investigación pretende demostrar la eficacia de los tratamientos primarios de aguas residuales domésticas, por medio de operaciones unitarias de coagulación-floculación y estabilización de pH, con la finalidad de demostrar la sedimentabilidad óptima de coloides, macro y microsólidos y la clarificación del efluente por medio de procedimientos físico químicos. Se utilizó Al2 (SO4)3 como coagulante y polímeros aniónicos de Arifloc 301 como floculante. Para ello se realizó pruebas con el fin de determinar la concentración efectiva de floculante en 5 unidades experimentales a micro escala, evidenciando que las sales de Aluminio  reaccionan con la alcalinidad del agua y producen hidróxidos insolubles, favoreciendo a la formación del precipitado, estableciendo un puente químico donde las partículas de los coagulantes añadidos a la de los polímeros del floculante puedan absorber los coloides y microsólidos coadyuvando a la sedimentabilidad. Se determinó la dosis óptima, dosis eficiente y dosis excesiva de polímero, a través de una prueba de jarras en 5 unidades experimentales, se evaluó el lodo químico obtenido, por medio de gravimetría y determinación de características del mismo en cada una de las pruebas, en una relación óptima de 2:8. Para ello, fue necesario determinar parámetros de instalación de 5 efluentes experimentales, siendo la concentración eficiente la de 30:20 para la obtención de 300g de lodo químico sedimentado, logrando una reducción eficiente de coloides y clarificación óptima del efluente tratado.
La evaluación formativa orientada al aprendizaje en educación superior a nivel internacional
Authors: SALAS CASTILLO Heberth
Published: January 2020

El artículo  propone compartir ideas sobre evaluaciones formativas a nivel internacional compartidas en la educación Universitaria mostrando  perspectivas diferentes de la evaluación tradicional, la razón es desarrollar  enseñanza de calidad entendida, para alcanzar  metas de enseñanza, las que  distinguen por su ambición y complejidad: buscar que los alumnos logren un pensamiento crítico, creativos y desarrollen habilidades cognoscitivas complejas. Productos de los países en la “modernidad”, o el manejo por el mercado de los ámbitos económicos y educativos de un país se torna vital presentar una evaluación formativa, a un aprendizaje formativo. Este estudio utilizo una metodología cualitativa transversal, concretamente un análisis de documentos. Utilizando como técnica la búsqueda bibliográfica de diferentes bases de datos establecidos en el INTERNET. Los resultados muestran una paulatina expansión del concepto y particulares interpretaciones desde su creación al día de hoy, así como la evolución de los ejes temáticos de investigación desarrollados de la misma.
Los mapas mentales en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje
Authors: Aco Corrales Eder Arturo
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo desarrollado tiene como objetivo describir la importancia del uso de los mapas mentales en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el trabajo corresponde a un nivel descriptivo, de diseño no experimental y enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de datos se trabajó con 65 estudiantes del primer ciclo de la Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, se seleccionó esta población porque estos estudiantes desarrollan la asignatura de Técnicas de estudio y de investigación y en los contenidos de la asignatura esta la elaboración de organizadores visuales(mapas mentales).

Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la elaboración de los mapas mentales es una técnica eficiente de organización para los estudiantes, permite un adecuado manejo de la información y la asimilación de conocimientos es muy alta comparado con otras técnicas o estrategias. Su uso en el contexto de enseñanza (docentes) es recomendado al momento de presentar información o exponer temas y también tiene un alto impacto en el proceso de aprendizaje (estudiantes), porque desarrolla el pensamiento creativo.
Análisis de la conversación en hablantes de castellano bilingüe
Authors: Ihue Umire Jorge Antonio
Published: January 2020

El análisis de la conversación en bilingües de quechua y castellano pretende aportar al  campo multidisciplinario de las ciencias del lenguaje. Para ello es muy importante desenvolver nuestra labor en las situaciones naturales donde las conversaciones tienen lugar, para así poder evaluarlas y entenderlas dentro de su propio contexto espacio-temporal y cultural. El método inductivo propio de esta clase de estudios nos permitirá indagar en detalles y datos específicos en busca de patrones y regularidades en la organización y gestión de los turnos y del sistema que opera en torno a estos, basados en los aportes de hombres y mujeres que conforman nuestra muestra, los cuales, según criterios de elección como la edad, se caracterizan por haber alcanzado cierta madurez en el dominio de su segunda lengua. De este modo, arribamos a las conclusiones de que  al tener lugar las interrupciones o los solapamientos por hesitación son los hablantes nuevos los encargados de completar la contribución anterior en base a una serie de conocimientos compartidos con su interlocutor, no pareciendo, tener significativos problemas en reconocer los lugares de transición pertinente o apelando al sistema, el cual brinda los mecanismos apropiados como por ejemplo el uso de un conjunto de partículas denominadas marcadores de cambio de turno.
Evaluación de la Calidad de los Servicios en la Universidad Andina del Cusco, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura -Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial
Authors: Castelán Herrera Isidro , Martínez Paredes Breezy Pilar
Published: January 2020

En el presente trabajo se realiza la medición de la calidad del servicio de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, específicamente en la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Industrial, utilizando la herramienta llamada Servqual y los criterios de acreditación del “Instituto de calidad y acreditación de programas de computación, ingeniería y tecnología” ICACIT. El Modelo Servqual, permite medir la calidad del servicio, con base a cinco dimensiones: fiabilidad, sensibilidad, seguridad, empatía, y elementos tangibles. Los resultados obtenidos consentirán una discusión sobre los componentes primordiales de la calidad de los servicios y la creación de medidas estandarizadas de calidad de servicios y satisfacción de alumnos. Al mismo el análisis de los resultados de la percepción del nivel de la calidad se realizará mediante el uso de la estadística a fin de permitir la medición de la calidad, se utilizarán paquetes estadísticos como Microsoft Excel y SPSS 22, los cuales ayudarán a obtener los valores de las percepciones del nivel de calidad de los servicios que ofrece la universidad a los alumnos.
Importancia de los estándares intelectuales del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de Educación Superior
Authors: Cardoso Edgar , Duran Gonzales Miriam , Ortega Patricia
Published: January 2020

El pensamiento es un proceso mental que desarrolla la persona a partir de razonamientos; inherente al ser humano; pese a ello, los estudiantes que inician estudios superiores presentan dificultades en diferentes procesos mentales, dirigidos a los estándares intelectuales del pensamiento crítico. Como es: la falta de comprensión, análisis de argumentos, dificultades al no presentar una mentalidad abierta; estándares esenciales que dirigen  o trabajen con recursos humanos. Por lo que es necesario describir el nivel de estándares intelectuales de los estudiantes ingresantes a las Escuelas Profesionales de Ciencias Administrativas, Contables y Económicas del Cusco. Esta investigación fue descriptiva no experimental. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario con 40 ítems para describir 6 estándares intelectuales a 120 estudiantes. En el análisis de datos se aplicó estadígrafos descriptivos. Identificando un nivel entre medio y bajo en los estándares intelectuales; por ende, aplicar estrategias para mejorar los estándares del pensamiento crítico.
Desarrollo de los elementos del pensamiento crítico en la formación universitaria
Authors: Rojas Anaya Yanina , Alvarez Serrano Jacqueline , Tejada Zuniga Rosa , Espejo Abarca Ronald
Published: January 2020

El pensamiento crítico es una de las habilidades que todo profesional debe desarrollar porque es indispensable que uno reflexione sobre sí mismo; considerando la racionalidad, la misma que conduce a tomar de decisiones y, por ende, a resolver problemas. En consecuencia, es fundamental que toda Escuela Profesional deba preocuparse en realizar un diagnóstico sobre qué elementos del pensamiento crítico falta desarrollar en los estudiantes, para luego buscar estrategias adecuadas que ayuden a potencializar dichos elementos. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar qué elementos del pensamiento crítico presentan los estudiantes ingresantes a la Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva no experimental. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario sobre elementos del pensamiento crítico a 135 estudiantes ingresantes a las Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Se emplearon estadígrafos descriptivos para el análisis de datos. Los resultados ayudaron a identificar que no todos los elementos del pensamiento crítico se desarrollaron de manera eficiente; por lo que urge aplicar estrategias que ayuden a mejorar el nivel de los diferentes elementos del pensamiento crítico.