bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ETNO-SEMBOLİST KURAMA BİR ÖRNEK: FUAT KÖPRÜLÜ’NÜN MİLLİYETÇİ PERSPEKTİFİ
Authors: KAYA Seda
Published: May 2020

Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde, ulus-inşa projesinin en önemli ayağı tarih yazıcılığı çalışmalarıydı.  Kuşkusuz bu alanda en önce akla gelen isimlerden biri de Fuat Köprülü ve onun milliyetçi tarih yazımına araştırmalarıyla sunduğu katkılarıydı. Mevcut dönemde meydana getirilen tarih kitaplarında Türklerin primitif dönemlerine vurgu yaparak tarihsel mit, milli ruh gibi vurgularla oluşturmaya çalıştığı tarihsel anlatısı içerisinde, John Armstrong ile başlayıp Anthony Smith ile devam eden etno-sembolcü yaklaşımın izlerini görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışma, Fuat Köprülü’nün milliyetçi yaklaşımını etno-sembolcü teorinin yaklaşımlarını kıyaslayarak aralarındaki benzerliği anlatmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca aralarındaki benzerliklerden yola çıkarak, Köprülü milliyetçiliğinin etno-sembolist sınıflandırma içerisinde dahil edilebilecek önemli bir örnek olduğu iddiasındadır. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası tarihin ve etnik kökenin buluşma noktasını etno-sembolist açıdan değerlendirirken, Fuat Köprülü milliyetçiliğinin nasıl bir örnek teşkil ettiği üzerine bir tartışma açmaktır. Son olarak bu çalışma, Köprülü milliyetçi yaklaşımını Etno-sembolizm üzerinden açıklamak niyetinde olmadığından dolayı anakronistik bir hata içermemektedir
MODERN DEVLETİN GELİŞİMİ: KÜRESELLEŞME
Authors: DEMİR Yusuf , TERZİ Nuray
Published: May 2020

Dünya
ekonomisini sürükleyen güçlü bir etken olan küresel sermayenin, sermaye
fazlasının olduğu, görece getirinin az olduğu bölgelerden, üretici katkısının
çok olabileceği bölgelere aktarımı dünya sisteminin dinamiklerinde ve
yayılmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Dünya ekonomisinin anlaşılması için devlet
merkezli politika çok önemlidir; ancak, devlet merkezli politikalar politik
etkilerin tamamını oluşturmaz. Devletler birlikte yaşarken aynı zamanda kendi
ulusal çıkarlarını gözetmek ve maksimum seviyeye getirmek içinde uğraşırlar.
Toplumlar arasındaki, faydaların ve maliyetlerin dağılımı üzerinde çekişmeler,
modern dünyanın uluslararası ilişkilerinin başlıca özelliği haline gelmiştir.
Bu çekişmeler hegemonyacı yapıları, onlar da küreselleşme eğilimlerini
hızlandırmıştır. Tarihte hegemonyacı yapıların geniş coğrafyalar üstünde
egemenlik kurduğu dönenmelerde küreselleşme hız kazanmıştır. Coğrafi alan ile
devlet arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri, tarihte siyasi gelişmelerin yönünü
alan mekân ve ırk vasıtasıyla açıklamaya hizmet eden jeopolitikaya göre de
devletlerin politikası, coğrafi faktörler tarafından belirlenir.
SOSYAL MEDYA DEVRİMİNİN NEO-POLİTİK BOYUTLARI: PANORAMİK BİR İNCELEME
Authors: CİHANGİR Murat
Published: May 2020

Her tarihsel süreçte, o sürece egemen
olan sosyolojik, politik, ekonomik ve kültürel değiştirici ve dönüştürücü
faktörler bulunmaktadır. Sosyal medya olgusu da 21. Yüz yıla damgasını vuran
pek çok faktörlerden biridir. Sosyal medya politik, ekonomik, kültürel
alanlarda etkisini gösteren yeni bir dijital uygulamadır. Hayatın her alanında
bireysel ve toplumsal ölçekli yansımaları bulunmaktadır. İnsanlık bilgi devrimi
olarak da nitelendirilen internet devrimine adapte olamamışken, sosyal medya
devrimi ile tanışmıştır. Politik alan da etki dalgasından etkilenmektedir.
Politik örgütlenme, ekonomik işleyiş, iletişim, güvenlik zihniyeti,  bireysel yaşam biçimleri bu olgunun
etkilerine maruz kalmaktadır. Bu etki düzeyi ile sosyal medya kullanım
oranlarının artışı ile pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmaktadır. Politik erkin
meşruiyet inşa araçları, kimlikleme tarzları, kimliklenme biçimleri, politik
iletişim yapıları bu olgudan etkilenmektedir. İçinde bulunulan süreçte etkisi
tam olarak analiz edilemeyen olgunun geleceği şekillendirici etkileri de
bulunmaktadır. Politik partilerin seçim kampanyaları, siyasal pazarlama
anlayışları ve kamu diplomasisi de bu süreçten etkilenmektedir. Kimlik
tahayyülleri, mekân algısı, etkileşim yönetimleri de bu bağlamda dönüşüme maruz
kalmaktadır.
BORÇ YÖNETİMİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: TÜRKAL Hasan
Published: May 2020

Kamu gelirlerinin, kamu harcamalarını karşılamakta yetersiz kalması sonucunda kamu açığı oluşmaktadır. Kamu açığının kapatılması konusunda finansman araçları arasından tercih yapmaktadır. Kamu açılarının finansmanında 1980 yılından sonra iç borçlanma kurumsallaşmıştır. Artık Türkiye’de, borcun borçla ödendiği, bir mali yapı ortaya çıkmış ve devlet bütçesi bir borç yönetim bütçesi haline dönüşerek konuyu önemli hale getirmiştir. Kamu borcunun alınmasından geri ödenmesine kadar geçen süreç, borç yönetimidir. Günümüzde artık bu tartışmalara gerek kalmasa da, borç krizine girilen ve borç stokunun azaltılması için olağanüstü borç yönetimi araçlarına gerek duyulan bir durumda, bu önerilerden hangisinin uygulanmasının gerektiği tartışmasından önce, bu borç krizinden kurtulmaya gerçekten karar verilmiş olmalıdır.
TÜRKİYE’DE BAĞIMSIZ DENETİM VE DENETİM KÜLTÜRÜNÜN TARİHSEL GELİŞİM SÜRECİ: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KARAHAN Murat
Published: May 2020

Bağımsız denetim son zamanlarda birçok alanda bir değişim ve gelişme göstermiştir. Bağımsız denetimin gelişme gösterdiği alanlardan özellikle mali sistem üzerinde bu değişim ve gelişmelere bakıldığında gelişmiş ülke seviyesine gelebilmek amacıyla elzem yasal ve yapısal değişimler gerçekleştirildiği gözlenmektedir. Muhasebe ve denetim alanında da değişim ve gelişmeler gözlenmiştir. Son zamanlarda ülkemizde yaşanan bu değişim ve gelişmelerden etkilenmiş ve yaşanan bu gelişmeleri ulusal düzeyde uyarlamak amacıyla kurum düzeyinde yasal düzenlemelere gidilerek yapılanmalara başlanmıştır.
Bu çalışma Türkiye’de bağımsız denetim kültürünün tarihsel gelişim sürecini ele alarak bu bağlamda karşılaştırmalı örnekler ile yaşanan değişimler karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Bağımsız denetimin gelişmiş ekonomilerde 1800’lü yılların sonlarında yasal olarak gelmiş olup firma etkinlikleri ise 1900’lü senelerde gerçekleşmiştir. Diğer ülkelerden farklı olarak Osmanlı dönemindeki devlet odaklı bakış açısı sebebiyle özel sektör Cumhuriyet döneminin ilk yıllarına kadar faaliyetlerden uzak kaldığı gözlenmiştir.
Preparation of Ready to Use Supplementary Food for Treating Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months
Authors: Ntsama Patricia M. , Tsafack Julie Judith T. , Medoua Gabriel Nama , Mbofung Carl M F
Published: May 2020

Children with moderate malnutrition have a high risk of mortality and MAM is associated with a high number of nutrition-related deaths. If some of these children suffering from MAM do not receive adequate support, they may progress towards severe acute malnutrition (SAM), which is a life-threatening condition. Therefore, the management of MAM should be a public health priority

A well-balanced diet was prepared based on the recommendation of WHO for the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children aged 6 -59 months.  According to the formulae, nine products of RUSF were prepared using cereals, legumes, seeds, oil, sugar, and vitamin and mineral premix. Three products of RUSF MSPe, PBPe, and ISPe were found to be better among the nine products by the mothers after sensory evaluation.

Based on sensory evaluation in children, RUSF   MSPe was found to be the best among the three products. The product was analyzed for proximate composition, mineral, vitamin, digestibility of protein.  The protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total ash, vitamin C, Vitamin A,  iron, calcium and zinc of 100 g of the product were found to be  15.9g, 33.7g, 44.3g, 6.6g, 2.2g, 54.6 mg, 855 µg,  14.1 mg,  66.6 g and  12.4 µg respectively. The diet can supply 544.5 Kcal/100 g. The energy contributed by the protein, fat, and carbohydrate was found to be 11.68%, 55.7%, and 32.62% of total Kcals respectively. The protein digestibility adjusted to the chemical index PDCASS was 0.95.
Hence, the prepared RUSF is in accordance with the specification given by WHO which could be effective in the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children after the clinical trial.
Knowledge and Extent of Welfare and Safety Provisions of Child Protection Law in Philippines- A Case Study
Authors: Ruelo Limbran Jay H. , Moneva Jerald C. , Quesio Clarissa D.
Published: May 2020

Child protection act is all about giving protection to children who are experiencing maltreatment and abuse by their parents or someone. With knowledge about the child protection act, children can prevent the instance of child abuse and maltreatment. Protection is significant to an individual, especially children. In relation to this, the study used a descriptive correlation design to know the association between the knowledge and the extent of welfare and safety of students who are involved in this study. The researchers used a checklist to collect the responses. The data collected were treated through weighted mean and chi-square. The students need to learn further on the Child Protection Act.
Right‐Lateral Fault Motion along the Slope‐Basin Transition, Gulf of Santa Catalina, Southern California
Authors: Conrad James E. , Brothers Daniel S. , Maier Katherine L. , Ryan Holly F. , Dartnell Peter , Sliter Ray W.
Published: May 2020

An active fault system carrying a significant component of right-lateral strike-slip motion extends for ~60 km along the slope–basin transition, ~10 to 20 km offshore of the southern California coast from La Jolla to Dana Point. From south to north, this fault system includes the Carlsbad, San Onofre, and San Mateo fault zones. High-resolution single channel minisparker and chirp seismic reflection data gathered from 2006 to 2011 reveal complex and variable fault zones that are generally characterized by nearly vertical to steeply east-dipping faults with a reverse slip component. The Carlsbad fault zone shows evidence of reverse motion followed by normal separation and probably also includes a component of strike-slip offset. The San Onofre fault zone shows clear evidence of right-lateral slip, offsetting submarine gullies near the base of the slope by approximately 60 m. North of these offset gullies, the base of the slope bends about 30° to the west, following the trend of the San Mateo fault zone, but strands of the San Onofre fault zone trend obliquely up slope, appearing to merge with the Newport–Inglewood fault zone at the shelf edge. These San Onofre fault strands consist of several en echelon left-stepping segments separated by “pop-up” structures, which imply a significant component of right-lateral offset that may serve to transfer right-lateral slip from faults along the base of the slope to the Newport–Inglewood fault zone. Using approximate base Quaternary and base Holocene reflections, segments of the Carlsbad and San Onofre fault zones appear to have experienced right-lateral motion in the Holocene, whereas deformation along the San Mateo fault zone appears to represent a period of mostly pre-Quaternary transpression.
Fault‐Controlled Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of an Early Inner Borderland Turbidite System: The Miocene Upper Modelo Formation, Eastern Ventura Basin, California
Authors: Gordon Gregory , Pyles David
Published: May 2020

Sand-rich turbidite systems in structurally complex, fault-bounded deep-water basins often form prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs. Outcrop studies of ancient examples of these turbidite systems provide information on architecture, depositional controls, and sandstone distribution. Outcrops of the Miocene upper Modelo Formation in eastern Ventura basin, California, are interpreted as a longitudinal transect through a fault-controlled deep-water depositional system, from proximal structural terraces, through a submarine canyon, to the basin floor and toward the basin margin. This study area is divided into three regions based on geographic location, geologic features, and stratigraphic character and architectures. Region 1, interpreted as the feeder system, contains syndepositionally active normal faults (e.g., Devil Canyon fault) near the proximal basin margin; these faults are associated with abrupt changes in depositional environments, lithofacies associations, paleobathymetry, and stratigraphic thickness. An interpreted submarine canyon, with a low net-sandstone content infill, was an area of bypass. Isopach maps reveal that gross thickness is greatest near the canyon mouth. In Region 2, interpreted as the proximal basin floor, a fairway located immediately basinward of the canyon has the highest sandstone content in the basin. In Region 3, interpreted as the medial–distal basin floor, gradual changes in proportions of lithofacies associations are the result of subtle variations in the gradient of the basin floor near the distal basin margin, as interpreted from an isopach map of the upper Modelo Formation. In this area, channel complexes comprising structureless, amalgamated sandstone overlie thin- to medium-bedded, poorly sorted, clay-rich sandstones deposited at lobe fringes. This upward architectural pattern is interpreted as a product of an outwardly expanding depocenter through time.
Santa Barbara Basin Flood Layers: Impact on Sediment Diagenesis
Authors: Berelson William M. , Morine Laura , Sessions Alex , Rollins Nick , Fleming John C. , Schwalbach Jon
Published: May 2020

The presence of gray layers, representing flood deposits, has previously been well documented in sediments obtained from Santa Barbara Basin, California. We studied geochemical aspects of these layers, in particular the carbon and sulfur contents and isotopic compositions, and found evidence of rapid pyrite formation. The data are consistent with complete (or nearly complete) sulfate consumption within the pore waters of a gray layer. This requires sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) that exceed the rate of resupply by diffusion, thus on the order of milimolar per day. The apparent rapidity of this diagenetic reaction is addressed. The net result is the precipitation of authigenic pyrite crystals enriched in 34S that become part of the sediment record. Thus, any interpretation of S isotope fluctuations in the marine sedimentary rock record obtained from pyrite must take into account the phenomena we describe and document here.
Pore Size and Ultrasonic Velocity: Lessons From Miss Lime Reservoirs
Authors: Raj Rohit , Jaiswal Priyank , Berg Beth Vanden , Grammer G. Michael
Published: May 2020

This article investigates the relationship between rock properties (composition, porosity, and pore architecture) and dry ultrasonic P-wave velocity (VP) of 14 samples representing three facies of the Mid-Continent Mississippian-age Limestone (Miss Lime) units of North–Central Oklahoma. Generally, in carbonate rocks, what drives VP, in addition to bulk porosity (ϕ) and composition, is not straightforward to determine. In this data set, when samples are categorized based on their facies and composition (quartz fraction), VP shows a better trend with dominant pore size rather than ϕ. Results show the dependence of elastic properties on texture and highlight a need for incorporating pore-size distribution in seismic models used for seismic interpretation of low-permeability reservoirs such as the Miss Lime.
Nature of Porosity in Marine Calcite Concretions: Insights from Ion‐Micromilled Surfaces
Authors: McNeill Donald F. , Bode-Omoleye Ibukun , Grammer G. Michael
Published: May 2020

Marine low-magnesium calcite concretions are widespread in many siliciclastic and mixed carbonate–siliciclastic shelf and basinal settings. The process of concretion formation is generally well established and involves microbial influence (mostly sulfate reduction to oxidize organic material at or just below the seafloor). The microbes produce interstitial fluids that are conducive to abundant, and apparently rapid, precipitation of calcite cements. Pervasive cementation generates well-indurated beds or isolated flattened “pods” that are commonly confined to specific stratigraphic horizons. Stratabound concretions can be important as fluid-flow barriers during subsequent burial and compaction. Thin-section and scanning electron microscopy of Cenozoic and Mesozoic concretions has revealed a dense occurrence of small (mostly 2–10 μm), equant, mostly subhedral calcite crystals. The best resolution of both techniques is, however, unable to adequately characterize crystal boundaries, the distribution of clays or organic matter, or the nature of the pores within the calcite matrix. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine ion-micromilled surfaces of concretions from Upper Miocene and Upper Jurassic strata. Results indicate that the dominant crystal size is 1 to 3 μm (mean 2.08 μm; standard deviation = 1.42 μm). Pores were formed at the intersections of calcite crystals by the constriction of the fluid-filled interstitial space, likely prior to dewatering and initial compaction. These (micro) pores are of the “type III, fitted fused” variety. Two-dimensional pore shapes analyzed on micromilled surfaces are near-equidimensional (length/width = ~1–1.5), oval (length/width = 1.5–5), and elongate (length/width = >5) forms. Equidimensional and oval pores occur at the intersections of calcite crystals (along with clay minerals and organic material). Elongate pores of uncertain origin are found at the boundaries between adjacent calcite crystals. The helium pycnometer porosity of the plugs associated with the Upper Jurassic micromilled sample is consistent with a relatively low total porosity, with values of 0.38, 0.58, and 0.82%. Micromilled surfaces improve our understanding of two-dimensional crystal structure and porosity within the matrix of marine concretions. The size and shape of cement crystals and pores suggest that relatively early, rapid, and pervasive precipitation produced a homogeneous mass of calcite and small isolated pores. The resultant low porosity and permeability formed a rock that was diagenetically stable and resistant to chemical and physical modification later during burial.
Multiscale Imaging and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pore Characterization in Unconventional Carbonate Mudrocks of the Southern Midcontinent (USA): Mississippi Lime Play
Authors: Bode Ibukun Y. , Zhang Chi , Berg Beth Vanden , Grammer G. Michael
Published: May 2020

Petrophysical characterization and understanding of pore systems and producibility in unconventional reservoirs remains challenging when evaluating reservoir potential. This study’s main objective is to identify and evaluate the controls on petrophysical rock types in unconventional low porosity, low permeability carbonate reservoirs in Mississippian-aged rocks of the southern Midcontinent. Representative samples selected from cores in the study area are calcareous siltstones and grain-rich packstones to grainstones. Rock fabric, pore types, and pore structure of 23 samples were investigated using multiscale image analysis of optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) mosaics. Petrographic observations and quantified pore parameters were correlated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plug measurements of transverse relaxation times (T2), pore size distribution, and porosity.

Results indicate that pore structure, permeability, and NMR response are closely linked to the dominant pore types, pore sizes, and mineralogy, which are distinctive for specific rocks—allowing for petrophysical rock type (PRT) grouping. NMR signature geometry is distinct in each of these rock type groups. Complex mixed mineralogies in these rocks homogenizes porosity and permeability relationships among rocks of different depositional facies, making it difficult to define clear-cut correlative relationships between pore architecture, rock fabric, and petrophysical response. Petrographic assessment indicates that the primary cause of pore-scale heterogeneity and varying petrophysical response is related to postdepositional diagenesis, such as silicification, cementation, dissolution, and mineralization along pores and pore throats, which produce complicated pore systems and affects matrix permeability.

These observations confirm that incorporating geologic information such as mineralogy, diagenesis, and pore types/pore architecture into rock typing workflows in carbonate mudrock reservoirs is critical to understanding petrophysical response. Additionally, the distinct geometries in each petrophysical rock type group establishes the viability of using NMR as a rock typing tool based on the correlative relationships between NMR response, pore types, and facies.
Characterizing the Distribution of Natural Fractures from Outcrop in a Mississippian‐Aged Mixed Carbonate‐Chert System, Mid‐Continent, USA
Authors: Wang Yulun , Grammer G. Michael
Published: May 2020

Natural fractures are common in the unconventional “Mississippian Limestone” play of the US Southern Mid-Continent region. Owing to their narrow width, vertical cores provide limited data on the distribution of fracture attributes (e.g., kinematic aperture, height, and spacing) in relation to fracture abundance. For the purpose of searching for an outcrop analog that provides an extensive view of lateral fracture distribution, this study uses an outcrop with Mississippian-aged strata in northwestern Arkansas. Targeting the Reeds Spring Formation, this study aims to characterize the type, attributes, and distribution of natural fractures and to test the outcrop’s suitability as a fracture analog for the subsurface. In the outcrop, planar and nodular beds of lime mudstone and chert contain near-vertical cemented fractures. Fracture types mainly include ptygmatic and opening-mode fractures. Ptygmatic fractures are the most common fracture type in both lime mudstone and chert, whereas the opening-mode fractures are present mostly in chert. Bedding structures, which are defined by lime mudstone–chert variations, affect fracture growth, as indicated by the observation that perfect bed-bounded, top- or base-bounded, and confined fractures collectively account for the majority of the fracture population. In terms of fracture intensity, chert shows a higher average value as compared with lime mudstone. Negative exponential and power law are present as the statistical patterns between cumulative frequency and fracture height, kinematic aperture, aspect ratio, and spacing. The best-fitting distribution pattern and the coefficient of determination vary with lithology, fracture type, and fracture height. These patterns likely point to a cooperative role of lithology, fracture type, and fracture-bedding relationships, as well as the dynamics of rock mechanical properties, in affecting these fracture attributes. In comparison with the cores, this outcrop may serve as a fracture analog for the Mississippian Limestone play in northernmost Oklahoma–southernmost Kansas where cherty facies are widespread, but not for the play areas in north-central Oklahoma, which are dominated by mixed carbonate–siliciclastic facies.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Dong Lan , Ming Lei , Wei Min , Li Jun , Hu Ruheng , Yang Jing
Published: May 2020

Background: Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management.Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis.Results: 1. 18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2. According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1 (6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 8 (44%) cases were positive and 10 (56%) cases were negative for nasopharyngeal-swab tests of SARS-CoV-2. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred.Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.
Patient feedback to improve quality of patient-centred care in public hospitals: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Wong Eunice , Mavondo Felix , Fisher Jane
Published: May 2020

Background: To review systematically the published literature relating to interventions informed by patient feedback for improvement to quality of care in hospital settings. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the CINAHL, EMBASE, PsyInfo, MEDLINE, Cochrane Libraries, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases for English-language publications from January 2008 till October 2018 using a combination of MeSH-terms and keywords related to patient feedback, quality of health care, patient-centred care, program evaluation and public hospitals. The quality appraisal of the studies was conducted with the MMAT and the review protocol was published on PROSPERO. Narrative synthesis was used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions on patient-centred quality of care. Results: Twenty papers reporting 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, of these, there was one cluster RCT, three before and after studies, four cross-sectional studies and 12 organisational case studies. In the quality appraisal, 11 studies were rated low, five medium and only two of high methodological quality. Two studies could not be appraised because insufficient information was provided. The papers reported on interventions to improve communication with patients, professional practices in continuity of care and care transitions, responsiveness to patients, patient education, the physical hospital environment, use of patient feedback by staff and on quality improvement projects. However, quantitative outcomes were only provided for interventions in the areas of communication, professional practices in continuity of care and care transitions and responsiveness to patients. Multi-component interventions which targeted both individual and organisational levels were more effective than single interventions. Outcome measures reported in the studies were patient experiences across various diverse dimensions including, communication, responsiveness, coordination of and access to care, or patient satisfaction with waiting times, physical environment and staff courtesy. Conclusion: Overall, it was found that there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions, because few have been tested in well-designed trials, very few papers described the theoretical basis on which the intervention had been developed. Further research is needed to understand the choice and mechanism of action of the interventions used to improve patient experience.
Feasibility of Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion through the Posterior Paraspinal Approach: Technical Note and Preliminary Result
Authors: Kim Hyeun-Sung , Raorane Harshavardhan Dilip , Wu Pang Hung , Heo Dong Hwa , Yi Yeon Jin , Yang Kyung-Hoon , Jang Il Tae
Published: May 2020

Background: The implement of endoscopic spinal surgery into degenerative spinal disease has minimized the requirement of fusion procedures. However, it is still necessary to develop endoscopic spine surgery in certain patients requiring fusion such as instability. We performed a full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(eTLIF) through a conventional paraspinal approach. The feasibility of procedure and early outcome were evaluated.Materials and Methods: eighteen consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent eTLIF through a conventional paraspinal approach. Their clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analog scale(VAS) leg pain score, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and the MacNab's criteria; radiological outcome measured with segmental lordosis, global lumbar lordosis, disc height on plain radiograph and percentage of potential fusion mass on CT scan at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow up period. intra operative and post-operative complications noted.Results: Mean age was 63. 71 years and Mean follow-up periods was 7.78 months. According to the level, L2-3 (1 case), L3-4 (4 cases), L4-5 (13 cases) and L5-S1 (2 cases). In the X-ray result, mean segmental lordosis angle(SLA) improved in pre-operative/post-operative/follow-up period 9.87±2.74 degree/ 11.79±3.74 degree/ 10.56±3.69 degree (p > 0.01); mean lumbar lordosis angle(LLA) improved 37.1±7.04 degree/ 39.2±7.13 degree/ 35.7±7.25 degree(p > 0.01). Mean preoperative disc height(DH) improved from 8.97±1.49 mm/ 12.34±1.39 mm/ 11.44±1.98 mm (p < 0.01). In the CT result, Average percentage of fusion mass was 42.61%. VAS was improved significantly, 7.67 / 3.39 / 2.5 and ODI was improved significantly, 74.9 / 34.56 / 27.76 by each preoperative / postoperative / final follow-up. In the clinical result, excellent was 5 cases and good was 13 cases. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, eTLIF was competent enough to perform as open TLIF. and good results were obtained in the form of endplate preservation, disc height restoration, minimal blood loss and post-operative pain with early mobilization. In addition, the fusion volume including the cage and the bone graft material occupies 40% to 50% of disc space is expected to give sufficient fusion by using 3D printed cages which gives the high fusion rate. In conclusion, eTLIF is considered to be a viable surgical procedure.
Study on Welding Adaptability of Spray Formed 2195 Al-Li Alloy Filler Wires
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Wang Guohui
Published: May 2020

Study on the weldability of Al-Li alloy indicates that the composition design of filler wires, and the morphology and content of the strengthening elements dominate microstructures, mechanical properties and defect control of fusion welding joint; and the welding process can actively correct the joint performances within limits. The filler wires of the both Al-Cu and Al-Cu -Zr alloy systems were developed and comparison and analysis were carried out to their adaptability along with study of the weldability of spray formed 2195 Al-Li alloy. The EDSD (electron back-scattered diffraction) detection method was applied to obtain the statistics of the microstructure fraction, grain size and small angle grain boundary of weld joints and their microstructures and correspondingly establish the interrelationship between the filler compositions and joint microstructure and performances; moreover, a microstructure matching based optimization approach was put forward to the fusion welding filter based on analysis of characteristics between weld joints and the base metal microstructures.
Clinical analysis of blood markers and imaging for diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yang Desheng , Li Haini , Zhang Shengxia , Yang Guifeng , Liu Song , Liu Zongtao
Published: May 2020

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the combined diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (A-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and imaging result in early rheumatoid arthritis, and the role of A-CCP and RF in prediction for radiological outcomes. Methods 101 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 97 control individuals were detect their A-CCP, RF and radiological joint changes, the diagnostic efficacy of the respective indicators and the combined indicators was analyzed by logistic regression model. Results Our results showed that values of A-CCP and RF were significantly higher in the RA group than in the normal group. Receiver operating characteristic curve results show that the sensitivity of RF is higher than A-CCP and radiological outcome, and specificity of CCP is higher than RA and radiological outcome, and the diagnostic ability of combination of RF, A-CCP and radiological outcome is the strongest. Furthermore, RF and A-CCP had high significant OR for radiological joint damage and progression. Conclusions Our study indicated that the combined diagnosis of RF and A-CCP with radiological outcome can improve the diagnostic efficacy of RA, and RF and A-CCP are independent predictors of radiological damage and progression.
Transcriptome Assembly and Gene Expression Analysis of Leaf and Rhizome tissues of Dioscorea opposita
Authors: Hou Dianyun , Cheng Ruiyang , Li Zhihong , Xu Jingya , Ma Zhanqiang , Zhao Xingli , Xu Huawei , Xu Jiang , Hou Xiaogai
Published: May 2020

Background: Dioscorea opposita is a monocotyledonous plant in the Dioscoreaceae family. The rhizome of D. opposita, known as “dioscoreae rhiaoma” or “Chinese yam”, is not only a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, but also a popular health food.Methods:In this study, the leaf and rhizome tissues of D. opposita were collected. Their transcriptome sequenceand were obtained using an Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. The data was analyzed by bioinformatics software. Likewise, the consistent expression pattern of DEGs was validated with qRT-PCR analysis.Results: A total of 46,982,031 and 53,689,620 clean reads from leaf and rhizome tissues were acquired, respectively (SRP: PRJNA628588). 50,765 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 1050 base pairs (bp). A total of 13,259 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from leaf versus rhizome tissues, including 5536 up-regulated and 7723 down-regulated unigenes. In addition, 20,607 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in this study. Conclusions:This study not only enriched the transcriptomic data of D. opposita, but also laid a foundation for the analysis of terpenoid synthesis pathway.
Prevalence and factors associated with malaria among under-five children in Ethiopia: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Woday Abay , Dessalegn Mulluken , Birara Setognal , Urmale Kusse
Published: May 2020

Background: The Sub-Saharan African countries have been carried 80% of the global burden of malaria. Consequently, malaria is still the leading cause of under-five mortality in developing nations. In Ethiopia, studies conducted regarding prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children are inconsistently reported and highly variable.Objective: to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children in Ethiopia. Methods: The protocol for this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020157886. A comprehensive search of the following electronic databases were made using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, web science, HINARI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and maternity & infant care databases as well as grey literature uploaded at Ethiopian Health Development Journal were searched until May 2020. The quality of studies will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under five children in Ethiopia will be considered. Three reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction, and then critically appraise all identified studies. The analysis of data will be done using STATA 14.0 statistical software. We will determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of malaria among under five children using random effect model with effect size and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among the included studies will be assessed through the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test. Furthermore, publication bias will be checked using funnel plot and egger’s test. Finally, statistical significance level will be declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Discussion: The result from this systematic review will inform and guide health policy planners and researchers on the burden, and determinants of under five children malaria in Ethiopia. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review in Ethiopia. We will synthesize the findings to generate up-to-date knowledge on malaria among under five children in Ethiopia.
Metagenomic Association Analysis of Gut Symbiont Lactobacillus Reuteri Without Host-Specific Genome Isolation
Authors: Park Sein , Steinegger Martin , Cho Ho-Seong , Chun Jongsik
Published: May 2020

BackgroundLactobacillus reuteri is a model symbiont colonizing the guts of vertebrates used for studies on host adaptation of the gut symbiont. Previous studies investigated host-specific phylogenetic and functional properties by isolating its genomic sequence. This dependency on genome isolation is a significant bottleneck. Here we propose a method to study the association between L. reuteri and its hosts directly from metagenomic reads without strain isolation by using pan-genomes.ResultsWe characterized the host-specificity of L. reuteri in metagenomic samples not only in the previously studied organisms (mice and pigs) but additionally in dogs. For each sample, two types of profiles were generated: (1) genome-based strain type abundance profiles and (2) gene composition profiles. Our profiles showed host-association of L. reuteri in both phylogenetic and functional aspects without depending on the host-specific genome isolation. We could observe not only the presence of host-specific lineages but also the dominant lineages associated with the different hosts.Furthermore, we show that metagenome-assembled genomes provide detailed insights into the host-specificity of L. reuteri. We could infer evolutionary trajectories of host-associative L. reuteri strains in the metagenomic samples by placing the metagenome-assembled genomes into a phylogenetic tree and identify novel host-specific genes which were unannotated in existing pan-genome databases.ConclusionsOur pan-genomic approach drops the need for time-consuming and expensive host-specific genome isolation while producing consistent results with previous host-association findings in mice and pigs. Additionally, we could predict associations that have not yet been studied in dogs.
Impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on pediatric acute myeloid leukemia of FAB subtypes M4 and M5
Authors: Xue Yu-juan , Suo Pan , Cheng Yi-fei , Lu Ai-dong , Wang Yu , Zuo Ying-xi , Wu Jun , zhang leping , Huang Xiao-jun
Published: May 2020

Background: FAB-M4 and M5 are unique subgroups of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. However, for these patients, few studies have demonstrated the clinical and biological characteristics and efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and especially haplo-HSCT. Procedure: We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 70 children with FAB-M4/M5 enrolled in our center from January 2013 to December 2017. Results: Of the patients, 32, 23, and 15 were in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively. T(16;16), inv16/CBFB-MYH11 was the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality. Among detected genetic alterations, WT1 was mutated at the highest frequency, followed by FLT3-ITD, NPM1, and CEBPA. Thirty-three patients received HSCT (haplo-HSCT = 30), of which four, 18, and 11 were in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively. For all patients, the 3-year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 85.3 ± 4.3%, 69.0 ± 5.7%, and 27.9 ± 5.2%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, low-risk stratification predicted superior OS, EFS, and PLT ≤ 50 × 109/L at diagnosis, with FLT3-ITD mutations predicting higher CIR and poorer EFS. In intermediate- and high-risk groups, HSCT was independently associated with higher EFS and lower CIR. With a median post-transplant observation time of 30.0 months, the 3-year OS, EFS, CIR, and non-relapse mortality in the haplo-HSCT group were 74.2 ± 8.6%, 68.3 ± 8.9, 24.6 ± 7.6%, and 6.6 ± 4.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Risk-oriented treatment is important for pediatric FAB-M4/M5. For intermediate- and high-risk groups, HSCT significantly improved survival and haplo-HSCT might be a viable alternative approach.
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Synovial Sarcoma: Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Database in Japan
Authors: Xu Gang , Aiba Hisaki , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Higuchi Takashi , Abe Kensaku , Taniguchi Yuta , Araki Yoshihiro , Saito Shiro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Murakami Hideki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kawai Akira
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSynovial sarcoma is an aggressive but chemosensitive soft-tissue tumor. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for synovial sarcoma with data from the nationwide database, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan.MethodsThis study included 316 patients diagnosed with synovial sarcoma between 2006 and 2012. Oncologic outcomes were analyzed using a Cox-hazard regression model. The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on outcomes were evaluated using a matched-pair analysis. The oncologic outcomes of patients who did or did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared (cx+ and cx-).ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed significant correlations of distant postoperative metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.01, p<0.001) with overall survival; surgical margin type (marginal resection, HR=0.12, p=0.011 and intralesional resection, HR=0.08, p=0.022 versus wide resection) with local recurrence; and postoperative local recurrence (HR=0.30, p=0.027) and surgical margin (marginal resection, HR=0.31, p=0.023 versus wide resection) with distant relapse-free survival. Before propensity score matching, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was mainly administered for the patients with younger age, deeper tumor locations, larger tumors, more advanced-stage disease, and monophasic-type disease. The 3-year overall survival rates, local control rates and distant relapse-free survival rates were 82.9% / 80.7% (HR = 0.79, p = 0.102), 91.2% / 89.8% (HR = 1.04, p = 0.837) and 76.6% / 75.0% (HR = 0.76, p = 0.307) in the cx+/cx- groups, respectively. After propensity score matching, 172 patients were selected such that the patient demographics were nearly identical for both the groups. The 3-year overall survival rates, local control rates and distant relapse-free survival rates were 80.8% / 81.4% (HR = 0.83, p = 0.563), 93.2% / 89.4% (HR = 0.83, p = 0.491) and 76.9% / 78.7% (HR = 1.01, p = 0.982) in the cx+ and cx- group, respectively.ConclusionThis large-sample study indicated that the margin status and postoperative disease control were associated directly or indirectly with improved oncologic outcomes. However, the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for survival outcomes in synovial sarcoma patients was not proven.
EFL Teachers’ Development of Reflective Practice Through Knowledge Sharing in a Reflective Focus Group
Authors: Farahian Majid , Parhamnia Farshad
Published: May 2020

Development in any educational system highly depends on teachers’ qualities. Among other qualities, one of the much-needed teachers’ qualities is reflection. As such, the present study examined EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers’ perceptions towards knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group and the improvement of their reflective practice through knowledge sharing in a focus group. In addition, the study sought the benefits and challenges to knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group. The results indicated that the participants did not have a positive attitude towards knowledge sharing. Furthermore, it was also revealed that the focus group platform could enable teachers to improve their reflective practice. Among other factors, receiving constructive feedback, and recognizing the possible relationship between theory and practice were benefits of reflective practice through knowledge sharing. Regarding the barriers to using reflective focus group, various inhibitors were reported by the teachers, including personal, institutional, and educational. The implications of the study are also presented.
Comparison of mortality according to hemorrhage control methods performed for hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic pelvic fractures: A multi-center study
Authors: Kim Myoung Jun , Lee Seung Hwan , Jang Ji Young , Lee Jae Gil
Published: May 2020

Background: We analyzed the effects of hemorrhage control methods on the mortality of patients with hemodynamic instability due to pelvic fracture and investigated independent risk factors for mortality in these patients.Methods : A total of 97 pelvic bone fracture patients with hemodynamic instability who visited the emergency departments of two university hospitals from January 2013 to October 2017 were enrolled. These patients were divided into the survival and non-survival groups based on 28-day mortality and acute hemorrhage mortality. Clinical data including laboratory test results, trauma severity scores, and hemorrhage control modalities were collected and statistically analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of each hemorrhagic control modality on mortality were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine independent risk factors for mortality.Results: Overall mortality was 41.24% (40 patients), 28-day mortality was 38.14% (37 patients), and acute hemorrhage mortality was 28.86% (28 patients). With respect to hemorrhage control modalities, 47 patients (48.5%) underwent pelvic angiography, 45 patients (46.4%) underwent pre-peritoneal pelvic packing, and 19 patients (19.6%) underwent external fixation. Differences in hemorrhage control methods had no significant effects on mortality. However, there was a significant difference in mortality between the groups with and without any hemorrhage control methods. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patient age, trauma and injury severity score (TRISS; probability of survival), and transfusion amount within 24 hours were independent factors for 28-day mortality. Using the same statistical analysis, patient age, transfusion amount within 24 hours, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independent factors for mortality due to acute hemorrhage.Conclusions: Hemorrhage control methods can aid in reducing acute hemorrhage mortality in hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures; nevertheless, no significant difference in mortality according to different hemorrhage control methods was found. Older age, higher transfusion requirements, low TRISS scores, GCS scores, and SBP are independent risk factors for mortality in pelvic fracture patients with hemodynamic instability.