bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amendments to the treatment regulations at a psychiatric hospital as the element shaping culture in terms of human rights
Authors: Kmieciak Błażej
Published: May 2018

A psychiatric hospital is a special place. People undergoing treatment are in a unique situation. Mental illness remains a mystery for scientists because we do not know what factors influence its appearance. There were also no drugs that would completely cure the patient, as you never know whether the medicine will affect a particular person. Mental illnesses evoke anxiety and fear of the community. Some patients take disturbing or dangerous actions. Their behaviors are referred to as specific and different ones. A similar situation is caused by the appearance of psychotic symptoms. One should pay attention to delusions and hallucinations here. These symptoms cause the patient’s situation to deteriorate. Ultimately, they can cause dangerous behavior.

It happens that a relative of a patient, who is in such condition, must take action without his/her consent. A similar issue has been analyzed in Poland for almost thirty years. Individual regulations, in exceptional cases, allow for undertaking coercive actions: treating the patient without consent, applying direct coercion. These interventions are controlled. Polish psychiatric legislation is constantly changing (new control institutions are introduced, the role of the family court is increased). This article presents the latest amendments. They are based on the principle of respect for human rights and freedoms.
Francisco Ramírez Santacruz y Martín Oyata (eds.) El terreno de los días Homenaje a José Revueltas BUAP/UNAM/Miguel Ángel Porrúa, México, 2007
Authors: Solórzano Esqueda Lilia
Published: May 2018

Francisco Ramírez Santacruz y Martín Oyata (eds.) El terreno de los días Homenaje a José Revueltas BUAP/UNAM/Miguel Ángel Porrúa, México, 2007
La invasión de la metrópoli: la literatura latinoamericana en Madrid y Barcelona
Authors: Sánchez López Pablo
Published: May 2018

En un artículo de 1927, el novelista cubano Alejo Carpentier, entonces todavía poco conocido, planteaba con una metáfora afectiva el mayor peligro, a su juicio, de las relaciones culturales entre España y Latinoamérica. Carpentier trataba de separar claramente las dos orillas del Atlántico en el terreno cultural y evitar cualquier nueva subordinación a la metrópoli. La reacción de Carpentier venía a denunciar rotundamente las pretensiones de algunos intelectuales de Madrid de proponer a la capital de España como centro de la cultura hispánica, desplazando a un segundo plano el tradicional encanto sensual y vanguardista de París.
Una literatura transatlántica (personalmente) malograda: el teatro de Paulino Masip antes y después del exilio
Authors: Pelaz Natalia
Published: May 2018

Dado el creciente interés en la llamada literatura transatlántica, la producción del exilio español republicano ha sido el blanco de muchas e interesantes aproximaciones críticas. Fuente de los más variados tópicos, la literatura de aquellos individuos o de aquellos grupos que por las condiciones históricas derivadas de la Guerra Civil produjeron en dos o más espacios nacionales sirve como punto de partida para críticos interesados en cuestiones relacionadas con lo nacional, lo cultural o lo transnacional. La gran mayoría de los estudios lidia, sin embargo, con experiencias exitosas, en las cuales el exilio no interrumpió y muchas veces hasta alimentó la creación autoral. Así, son comunes los textos sobre escritores que gozaron de éxito fuera de España. Estos forman parte de un revisionismo postransición, cuyo objetivo es rescatar la memoria de aquellos que se querían olvidados. Sin embargo, hay escritores que no han logrado sobrevivir impunes a la tragedia del exilio, y que han experimentado un cambio sensible en su obra artística y, sobre todo, en su recepción crítica. Tal es el caso del escritor español Paulino Masip, quien pasa de la condición de dramaturgo reconocido en el mundo intelectual de los años treinta, a la de escritor de un sinfín de guiones comerciales para el emergente cine mexicano. Tal vez, sea esta la razón por la que su producción teatral en México quedó ensombrecida e, incluso, ignorada.
De dioses y monstruos Francisco Hernández, heredero de la tradición del delirio
Authors: Serrato Córdova José Eduardo
Published: May 2018

El libro Moneda de tres caras (1990) de Francisco Hernández es un hito dentro de la historia de la poesía mexicana pues toca un tema poco frecuente dentro de la retórica nacional, la demencia y el delirio en la poesía. Temática que nos lleva directamente a lo irracional y su función en la ética y la estética contemporánea. El poemario gira en torno de la estética de tres autores que sufrieron de serios problemas psiquiátricos: Schumann, Hölderlin y Georg Trakl. Las tres variaciones poético-biográficas se inspiran en los delirios de estos artistas. Cabe preguntarnos cómo es que el artista “traduce” y asimila el lenguaje de lo irracional o la poética visionaria a su horizonte cultural.
Normative Values of Knee Extensor Isokinetic Strength for Older Women and Implications for Physical Function
Authors: Pereira Juscelia Cristina , Neri Silvia Gonçalves Ricci , Vainshelboim Baruch , Gadelha André Bonadias , Bottaro Martim , de Oliveira Ricardo Jacó , Lima Ricardo M.
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:

Lower-limb strength is required for everyday activities and thus its evaluation has been especially emphasized in older adults. Isokinetic testing is a criterion standard method to assess muscle strength; however, lack of reference values limits its usefulness in geriatric evaluation and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop reference values of knee extensor isokinetic strength for older women. As a secondary aim, functional tests were performed for clinical significance validation.

Methods:

A total of 453 older women aged 60 to 84 years participated in this study. Knee extensor isokinetic strength was measured using the Biodex System dynamometer at 60° per second. The Timed Up and Go test and the 5 times Sit-to-Stand test were used for functional performance evaluation. Participants were categorized into age groups of 5 years range. The 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles were used for stratification purposes.

Results and Discussion:

As expected, mean strength values significantly decreased with advancing age groups. Isokinetic percentile groups are presented according to age. Individuals in the lower percentile strata showed significantly reduced performance in both the Timed Up and Go and 5 times Sit-to-Stand tests (P < .05).

Conclusion:

This study provides normative values of isokinetic knee extensor strength in older women. The association between lower isokinetic knee extensor strength strata and reduced functional capacity supports the potential application of these reference values in clinical and research settings. Future studies should ascertain these findings in different female populations.
Phase II Results of an Analytical Round Robin for Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Surface Cracked Plates
Authors: Allen Phillip A. , Wells Douglas N.
Published: May 2018

The second phase of an analytical round robin for the elastic-plastic analysis of surface cracks in flat plates was conducted under the auspices of ASTM Interlaboratory Study 732. The interlaboratory study (ILS) had ten participants with a broad range of expertise and experience, and experimental results from a surface crack tension test in 4142 steel plate loaded well into the elastic-plastic regime provided the basis for the study. The participants were asked to evaluate a surface crack tension test according to the version of the surface crack initiation toughness testing standard published at the time of the ILS, ASTM E2899-13, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks under Tension and Bending. Data were provided to each participant that represented the fundamental information that would be provided by a mechanical test laboratory prior to evaluating the test result. Participants were asked to interpret the test according to E2899, including evaluation of crack-front constraint, determination of a critical initiation angle along the crack front, determination of the deformation regime of the test, and determination of the critical J-integral value. The choice of finite element analysis constitutive models and treatment of the stress-strain data was left to the discretion of the participants. The hope was that this process would familiarize participants with the standard and provide the task group with very helpful feedback regarding the interpretation of the requirements as they are written. Overall the participants’ test analysis results were in good agreement and constructive feedback was received that has resulted in an improved published version of the standard E2899-15.
California’s Coast
Authors: Osborne Thomas J.
Published: May 2018

The origins and natural features of California’s coast and seaward islands, which Douglas understood well, are surveyed, followed by a chronological overview of ever-increasing development from the Spanish missions of the late 18th century to the eve of passage of Proposition 20 in 1972. Plate tectonics, the Southern California Bight, the California Current, the Franciscan Complex, El Niño, and more are explained in the first part of this chapter. The built environment, spurred by the gold rush and followed by real estate booms, population explosion, urbanization, and industrialization, is taken up in the last half of the chapter. Rapid development along California’s scenic shore set the stage for a rising public concern about a vanishing coast.
Footprints in Sand
Authors: Osborne Thomas J.
Published: May 2018

News of Douglas’s death triggered a plethora of newspaper obituaries and other valedictory pronouncements from the California legislature and Congress. Most of these hailed his leadership; some compared him to John Muir. During a 34-year career with the Coastal Commission Douglas witnessed an overall severe cut in the agency’s funding and staffing; still, development had been checked and regulated while California registered the nation’s largest coastal economy, proving that effective regulation and economic growth could be compatible. Moreover, beach access had been increased substantially. Though Peter Douglas’s achievements for the coast have been singular and might land him in the pantheon of California’s greatest environmentalists, more time will have to transpire before history hands us its verdict on his legacy.
Embodiment and Gender
Authors: Robertson Jennifer
Published: May 2018

In humans and humanoid robots alike, gender—femininity and masculinity—constitutes an array of learned behaviors that are cosmetically and sartorially enabled and enhanced. In humans, these behaviors are both socially and historically shaped, but they are also contingent upon many situational influences, including individual choices. Chapter 4 explores the gender dynamics informing the design and embodiment of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots, especially humanoids. It is argued that advanced technology does not necessarily promote social progress but rather, as in this case, is deployed to reinforce conservative models of gender roles and family structures.
Cyborg-Ableism beyond the Uncanny (Valley)
Authors: Robertson Jennifer
Published: May 2018

Explored and interrogated in this chapter is the development in Japan (and elsewhere) of technological devices, such as exoskeletons, that are promoted as a means to transform disabled persons into cyborgs. Disability is understood as encompassing a diversity of physical and cognitive “impairments” or “dysfunctions,” including those linked to aging, that are associated with some kind or level of personal or social limitation. Cyborg-ableism is premised on a whole-body ideal and thus is a condition attainable only by certain types of human bodies. The theory of bukimi no tani (uncanny valley) is deconstructed in the twinned context of disability and prosthetics.
Attentive Statues
Authors: Lockhart Ellen
Published: May 2018

Chapter 1 examines the Milanese pantomimes of Gasparo Angiolini, in particular his ballet on the theme of Condillac’s statue, La vendetta spiritosa (Milan, 1781; revived as La vendetta ingegnosa, o la Statua di Condilliac, Venice, 1791), and his project of creating a language of musical gestures that could be understood without training or acculturation. Inspired by Rousseau, Condillac, and Milanese writers such as the Verri brothers and Cesare Beccaria, Angiolini hoped that this “sign language” that could overcome linguistic and even political boundaries.
Partial Animacy and Blind Listening in Napoleonic Italy
Authors: Lockhart Ellen
Published: May 2018

Chapter 4 continues these considerations of the animated statue’s political resonance during the Napoleonic years, but with a particular focus on the ways in which this model was deployed to represent socialization on the stage. First, the chapter marks the final flourishing of the Pygmalion theme on Italian stages in the first years of the nineteenth century. Then it traces the ways in which these fantasies of a plastic-human threshold were relocated to the biological body. Pygmalion narratives came to be applied not only to statues but also to living humans with nonfunctioning senses.
Giuditta Pasta and the History of Musical Electrification
Authors: Lockhart Ellen
Published: May 2018

Chapter 5 traces the theme of human plasticity into Italian aesthetic discourse and opera of the 1820s and 1830s. The echoes of the musical statues of the late Enlightenment can be heard in the reception of performers of Ottocento opera, especially the women. Figures like Maria Malibran and particularly Giuditta Pasta were construed as living statues or artificially animated interlopers from an ancient past. This quality of animatedness was described with a very new kind of imagery within music criticism, one that drew on well-known developments in the nascent scientific field later known as electrobiology.
A Cinema of Symbolic Knowledge
Authors: Naremore James
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses Burnett as a major African American director whose entire career has been devoted to the proposition that black lives matter, and it argues that his work deserves to be more widely known. It describes the aims and methods of the book and explains the term symbolic knowledge, which is Burnett’s way of describing a moral and social education gained from storytelling.
My Brother’s Wedding (1983)
Authors: Naremore James
Published: May 2018

This color film has a double plot involving a young man in Watts who works in his family’s dry-cleaning store and who fails to fulfill two commitments he has made. He promises to serve as best man at his brother’s wedding and, at the same time, to protect his best friend, who has just been released from prison. In the end, the young man leaves his brother’s wedding just before it starts and arrives too late to attend his friend’s funeral. Shifting between satire and tragedy, the film incisively portrays generational and class conflict in black society.
Anticipating Risky Bodies
Authors: Waggoner Miranda R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how maternal and child health experts defined risks to healthy pregnancies around the turn of the twenty-first century, especially amid scientific uncertainty regarding the etiology of birth outcomes. Drawing on interviews with maternal and child health experts and physicians who were involved in drafting and/or disseminating the pre-pregnancy care model, this chapter details how individuals drew on long-held assumptions about strong ties between women’s bodies and reproductive outcomes in order to craft a new “common sense” about future reproductive risk. Pre-pregnancy care as an anticipatory care strategy highlights how medicine and public health today focus on preemptive clinical intervention and on future risk. Moreover, pre-pregnancy care serves as a bellwether for where this trend is headed: toward preventive interventions in the name of the health of future generations.
Promoting Maternal Visions
Authors: Waggoner Miranda R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how the pre-pregnancy care model has influenced public health promotion, illustrated through the “Show Your Love” campaign that was created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013. This chapter reveals how the campaign’s message drew on and promoted gendered and racialized tropes in its goal of promoting pre-maternal love for future babies and, in so doing, further stratified reproduction. Discussion in this chapter highlights the social control aspects of public health and how the power of this particular messaging potentially reframes practices of “intensive mothering” into an ethic of “anticipatory motherhood.”
Owners of the Map
Authors: Sopranzetti Claudio
Published: May 2018

On May 19, 2010, the Royal Thai Army deployed tanks, snipers, and other weapons of war to disperse thousands of protesters who had taken over the commercial center of Bangkok. For the two months, these protesters, known as the Red Shirts, had frozen traffic at the Ratchaprasong intersection, the center of elite consumption as well as economic and physical mobility in the city. The protesters demanded democratic elections and an end to political and economic inequality. Motorcycle taxi drivers were key to this protest; they slowed, filtered, and severed the movement of people, commodities, and information. In so doing, they claimed a prominent role in national politics and control over Bangkok, and they challenged the hegemony of state forces. Four years later, the general who had directed the Red Shirts’ dispersal staged a military coup. This erased all the progress that had been made by the protest and plunged the country into an era of dictatorship and repression. This time, the taxi drivers were silenced and restrained. How could state power be so fragile and open to challenges in 2010 and yet so sturdy four years later? How could motorcycle taxi drivers who fearlessly resisted military violence in 2010 remain silent?Owners of the Map attempts to answer these questions—central to contemporary political mobilizations around the globe—through an ethnographic study of some of the two hundred thousand motorcycle taxi drivers in Bangkok. Exploring the entanglements between their everyday mobility and political mobilization, the author reveals the unresolved tensions in the drivers’ everyday lives, desires, and political demands amid the restructuring of Thai capitalism following the 1997 economic crisis. In so doing, this book explores mobility not just as a strength of contemporary capitalism but also as one of its fragile spots, always prone to disruption by the people who sustain its channels but are excluded from its benefits. In doing so, this book advances an analysis of power that does not focus on the sturdiness of hegemony or the ubiquity of everyday resistance but reveals its potential fragility, as well as the work needed for its maintenance.
Prologue
Authors: Sopranzetti Claudio
Published: May 2018

This prologue is a description of a day in the life of motorcycle taxi drivers in Bangkok, from morning to evening. It follows a specific day in which, after delivering passengers and documents, the drivers ride to the Ratchaprasong intersection to take part in the Red Shirts protest. This narrative describes the drivers’ station, their experience when riding through the city, and their relations to colleagues and local residents. It concludes by showing how the whole city was reorganized during the protest and the role the drivers played in this transformation.
Branches
Authors: McKanan Dan
Published: May 2018

Anthroposophy was as central to 1970s environmentalism as biodynamics had been to the organic movement of the 1930s and 1940s, and the increase in environmental activism came at a time of dramatic transformation within the anthroposophical movement. The emphasis shifted from Steiner’s spiritual teaching toward his practical initiatives, which grew rapidly and attracted the support of Baby Boomer idealists. Evangelists Francis Edmunds, Henry Barnes, and Herbert Koepf helped expand the anthroposophical movement, while translators George Trevelyan, Alan Chadwick, and Joseph Beuys brought anthroposophical ideas into the New Age movement and the Green Party. Newer initiatives inspired by anthroposophy include “Goethean” research centers, farm internship programs, and innovative projects in Egypt, Bhutan, the Philippines, and Israel.
Flowers
Authors: McKanan Dan
Published: May 2018

Rudolf Steiner’s teaching on economics, along with his broader social theory of “threefolding,” inspired the emergence of green banking and community-supported agriculture in the 1970s and 1980s. Steiner taught that economics, politics, and culture represent three distinct social spheres, each with its own inner processes; he also taught that the economic sphere should be characterized by “fraternal” cooperation. This idea inspired a cluster of short-lived cooperative enterprises just after World War I and was revived with greater success beginning in the 1970s. Anthroposophical banks and social finance organizations include GLS Bank, Triodos Bank, and RSF Social Finance in the United States. The cooperative principles that govern the banks contributed to the evolution of social entrepreneurship and “B-corps” and inspired biodynamic farmers to create community-supported agriculture, in which a community of consumers shares the costs and risks of maintaining a farm.
The McDonaldization of the Kibbutz Dining Room
Authors: Avieli Nir
Published: May 2018

This chapter addresses the unexpected consequences of the privatization of iconic kibbutz institutions. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the dining rooms of three kibbutzim in different stages of privatization, or “McDonaldization,” the chapter follows the contested meanings of the dining room experience. The food and eating patterns that prevail in these dining rooms are presented as expressions of hegemonic power structures, and their modifications reflect changing values within and beyond the kibbutz. The chapter's findings challenge the common understating of the “kibbutz crisis,” or the understating of failure in general as a consequence of the rise of individualism in contemporary Israel.
The End of the Revolt, 1939
Authors: Kelly Matthew Kraig
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the collapse of the Palestinian Great Revolt in 1939. It focuses on the civil war that wracked the Arab community of Palestine in 1938–39, including the Husayni-Nashashibi and other rivalries, the anti-rebel "peace bands," and the British implication in both. It also details the intensive British military effort to crush the rebel court system and to expel or exterminate the various rebel leaders. The chapter goes on to analyze the St. James Conference and the British effort to give a democratic cast to what was, in fact, a planned reversal on the Balfour Declaration. Finally, the chapter explores the consequences of that reversal for Arabs, Britons, and Jews in Palestine.
Victim Impact
Authors: Hoppe Trevor
Published: May 2018

During the summer of 2014, an explosive arrest was splashed across Midwestern newspapers: a young gay black man in a conservative county in Missouri and the accusations against him quickly became a flashpoint for racial and sexual politics—leading some critics to charge that HIV-specific criminal laws target gay black men. This chapter draws on an original dataset of convictions under HIV-specific criminal laws in six states to evaluate whether the enforcement of HIV exposure and disclosure laws has discriminatory effects. Findings show that victim characteristics—rather than defendant demographics—shape uneven patterns in the application of the law. This victim impact flips expected patterns of discrimination on their head, resulting in more convictions among heterosexual and white defendants; at sentencing, black defendants are punished more severely, women are treated more leniently, and men accused of not disclosing their HIV status to women are punished more harshly than those accused by men. This chapter digests these trends using the tools of sociology, epidemiology, and criminology to offer a specific diagnosis for reform.
The Mobility Puzzle and Irreconcilable Choices
Authors: Ray Ranita
Published: May 2018

This chapter provides an overview of academic debates around the role of structure, culture, and agency in understanding the reproduction of poverty. It is argued that the recent “cultural turn” in poverty studies continues to construct drugs, gangs, violence, and early parenthood as central narratives in the lives of poor black and brown youth, while it privileges middle-class cultural norms. In doing so, scholars ignore the trajectories of youth who continuously struggle to become upwardly mobile. Families, romantic ties, and institutions of school and work function in paradoxical ways in the lives of marginalized youth—providing support while creating impediments as youth are forced to figure out a complex mobility puzzle while piecing together the scant resources available to them. This chapter also highlights how expansion of higher education and the service industry shapes educational and occupational trajectories of marginalized youth. It concludes with a discussion on issues of fieldwork and methodology.
Uncertain Success
Authors: Ray Ranita
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how Port City youth invest in displaying their socially mobile markers not only through school, work, and bourgeois heteronormative life but also through their everyday styles and consumptions. Youth performed class in their daily lives by producing mobility symbols in their leisure practices, clothing, music, vernacular, and food preferences. To manage their haphazard educational and occupational trajectories, the youth redefined mobility into goals that were achievable. While the majority of our understanding of youth regarding race/ethnicity, gender, and class is based on school ethnographies, a context in which students often perform class through memberships in groups that are part of a hierarchical order, this chapter frames meanings of class and youth cultural production by considering how youth perform social mobility in everyday life as they transition to adulthood. When highlighting how youth managed uncertain trajectories by redefining mobility, this chapter emphasizes the points of contact between the marginalized Port City youth and middle-class people who facilitated their access to middle-class cultural capital while also causing “hidden injuries” of class and race. Youth consumed certain foods, visited certain restaurants, watched shows, and even left Port City to claim membership in the middle class—and sometimes this further constrained opportunities.
Everywhere below Canada
Authors: Hunter Marcus Anthony , Robinson Zandria F.
Published: May 2018

Drawing on Malcolm X's provocative 1964 speech "The Ballot or the Bullet," this chapter follows the insight that everywhere below Canada is the South for black Americans. This chapter also provides an overview of the book and the book's central arguments, laying the foundation for subsequent chapters.
Mary, Dionne, and Alma
Authors: Hunter Marcus Anthony , Robinson Zandria F.
Published: May 2018

The second of three chapters on the power of chocolate cities, this chapter centers the lives, activism, and pioneering efforts of three black women professionals, entertainers, and community activists: Mary Hill Sanders, Dionne Warwick, and Alma Burrell. Exploring their lives, health setbacks, and push against the glass ceiling and racial oppression, the authors highlight their sophisticated and politically informed racial geography of the United States. Detailing the movement of black people throughout the domestic diaspora, this chapter illustrates the how gender, place, race, and power collided in the lives of black people before and after the civil rights movement.
Westermarck’s Morocco
Authors: Leck Ralph
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the role played by Edward Westermarck, a Finnish/British scholar who was considered the world's leading authority on sexual “morality and marriage,” in the disciplinary transition from the ethnocentrism of Darwinian anthropology to cultural relativism. Westermarck wrote extensively on Morocco and expressed his views based on emerging conceptions of anthropology that sometimes challenged earlier imperial tenets. The chapter analyzes Westermarck's scholarship, particularly his sexual anthropology, in the context of parallel epistemic crises in the disciplines of anthropology and sexual science. It also discusses Westermarck's Moroccan anthropology of homosexuality and argues that it was contradictory. Finally, it looks at the emergence of a new relativist epistemology, first in European sexual science and later in British cultural anthropology, and shows how the integration of anthropology with sexual science gave rise to a more interdisciplinary, less medical view of sexuality.
Magnus Hirschfeld’s Onnagata
Authors: Herrn Rainer
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the circulation of sexual scientific knowledge between Germany and Japan by focusing on onnagata (Japanese “female impersonators”), which was included by Magnus Hirschfeld as cultural figures in his so-called Wall of Sexual Transitions. Hirschfeld created the Wall of Sexual Transitions to illustrate his “theory of sexual transitions” for the 1913 international Physicians' Congress in London. The chapter first provides an overview of the beginnings of the homosexual movement in Germany and the controversies it engendered, highlighting the important role played by the first reception of the traditions of Japanese samurai and male homosexuality in Japanese theater. It then considers Hirschfeld's idea of transvestitism and his 1931 visit to Japan, and how his reinterpretation of the onnagata influenced his own conception of transvestitism. It also shows how sexual ethnography emerged as an important field of sexual science that served to delineate ideological differences between European scientists and activists.
Agnes Smedley between Berlin, Bombay, and Beijing
Authors: Fuechtner Veronika
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how the global circulation of sexology intertwined with communism and national independence by focusing on the writings of American journalist Agnes Smedley as well as the letters written to her by the Indian revolutionary Bakar Ali Mirza. More specifically, it considers sexual science's connections to leftist psychoanalysis and to the Indian independence movement during the 1920s. It discusses Smedley's self-conscious mobilization of the language of sexual science as a path toward revolution and modern selfhood, doing so by shuttling between India, Germany, China, and the United States. The Berlin–India nexus and Mirza's correspondence with Smedley highlight the intrinsic interrelationships among the liberational rhetoric of leftist politics, feminism, sexual rights, national independence, and psychoanalytic introspection. The chapter also considers how Smedley and her Indian revolutionary interlocutors negotiated new definitions of femininity, masculinity, and sexuality emerging from the global movements of sexual science, radical politics, and psychoanalysis.
Flavors of Empire
Authors: Padoongpatt Mark
Published: May 2018

Flavors of Empire examines the rise of Thai food and the way it shaped the racial and ethnic contours of Thai American identity and community. Mark Padoongpatt makes use of original archival research and rich oral histories to explore the factors that made foodways central to the Thai American experience. Starting with the U.S. Cold War intervention in Thailand, he traces how the informal U.S. empire allowed Americans to discover Thai food and introduce it to adventurous eaters back home. When Thais arrived in Los Angeles, they reinvented and repackaged Thai cuisine in various ways to meet its rising popularity in urban and suburban spaces. America's fascination with Thai cuisine resulted in Thais having to remake themselves over the second half of the twentieth century in relation to the perceived exoticness and sensuousness of Thai food. Padoongpatt argues that this remaking produced "Thai Americans"—not a cultural identity rooted in ethnic difference but a social and political relationship defined by U.S. empire, liberal multiculturalism, and racial geography of Los Angeles. He also contends that while food brought Thais together, provided a sense of pride and visibility, and allowed Thai Americans to lay claims to their place in the city, it also led to divisions within the community and created barriers to collective mobilization for social justice. Padoongpatt deftly handles the history, politics, and tastes of Thai food, all while demonstrating the way racial projects emerge in seemingly mundane and unexpected places in an era of multiculturalism.
Biopolitics of Beauty
Authors: Jarrín Alvaro
Published: May 2018

Using ethnographic fieldwork carried out in Brazilian hospitals, this book shows how plastic surgeons and patients navigate the public health system to transform beauty into a basic health right. The book historically traces the national concern with beauty to Brazilian eugenics, which established beauty as an index of the nation's racial improvement. From here, the book explains how plastic surgeons became the main proponents of a raciology of beauty, using it to gain the backing of the Brazilian state. Beauty can be understood as an immaterial form of value that the book calls “affective capital,” which maps onto and intensifies the social hierarchies of Brazilian society. Patients experience beauty as central to national belonging and to gendered aspirations of upward mobility, and they become entangled in biopolitical rationalities that complicate their ability to consent to the risks of surgery. This book explores not only the biopolitical regime that made beauty a desirable national project, but also the subtle ways in which beauty is laden with affective value within everyday social practices—thus becoming the terrain upon which race, class, and gender hierarchies are reproduced and contested in Brazil.
Plastic Governmentality
Authors: Jarrín Alvaro
Published: May 2018

This chapter traces the ways by which plastic surgeons in Brazil became fused with the state at specific junctures, or nodes, within the networks of public health care, appropriating the state's biopolitical authority for themselves. Plastic surgeons deploy a type of governance, a so-called ‘plastic governmentality’—a flexible approach to the management of public health that allows them to conceal its imbrication with commercial medicine. This flexibility makes it possible for plastic surgeons to bend hospital rules, re-label surgeries, and adjust waiting queues according to their own interests, yet to always present themselves as humanitarians providing a health service on behalf of the state, thus realigning national interests to match their own.
Hope, Affect, Mobility
Authors: Jarrín Alvaro
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the narratives of upward mobility through beauty that are interwoven throughout diverse forms of Brazilian media—from journalistic accounts of recently discovered models to the carefully crafted storylines of soap operas and televised beauty pageants. It compares these accounts with ethnographic research among working-class parents who send their daughters to talent agencies or modeling schools. These girls' parents and teachers pin their hopes on performances of beauty because they understand the female body itself as a form of capital that promises a better future. This affective promise of a better future, however, becomes a moral injunction as well, sexualizing and racializing, in very particular ways, the poor women who are said to deserve upward mobility, emphasizing virtuous sexual behavior, European features, and straighter hair as essential components for success.
“Barbed-Wire Deterrents”
Authors: Forth Aidan
Published: May 2018

Famine in India during the 1870s and 1890s was the context for the development of British camps on a mass and unprecedented scale. In a “state of exception,” extrajudicial detention camps arrested emaciated wanderers, who aroused humanitarian sympathy but also presented a health hazard as potential disease carriers and a security threat as members of the “criminal classes”—as with criminal tribes, rootless and mobile native bodies provoked anxiety and fear. Camps under the purview of the Bombay Governor Sir Richard Temple and his successors brought geometric order to colonial chaos by containing itinerant populations and making them legible to colonial state bureaucracy. Meanwhile, dormitory camps attached to public works projects operated according to the precepts of laissez-faire capitalism and Victorian political economy. By applying a series of automatic “labor,” “distance” and “residence” tests, famine relief camps (like metropolitan workhouses) dissuaded all but the most deserving poor from seeking government relief.
Technologies for Intuition
Authors: Lemon Alaina
Published: May 2018

Cold War paranoia can only partly describe or explain the twentieth-century dreams of telepathy. The nightmare shades of mind control and crowd frenzy have long alternated with the pastels of love and collective effervescence. Both extremes materialized over time, along tangled circuits of wars, events, and interactions staged across borders since at least the nineteenth century. The Cold War and its fences fed fascination with the workings and the failures of contact and communication. Opposed sides accused each other of jamming media and spinning propaganda even while they mirrored fantasies of connection. This book contrasts and connects Russian and American channels and means to check channels, with special attention to intersections of the telepathic with the theatrical. It theorizes links between historically layered struggles over technologies for intuition and dominant models of communication—commonsense or theoretical. It demonstrates that theories resting on models of individual sincerity and of dyadic communication warp understandings of the Soviet Union and Russia—and thus of the United States as well. It proposes that attention to the means of making and checking contact, that is, to the phatic functions in language, offers a way out of the impasses and paradoxes of paranoia.
Renegade Channels and Frame Troubles
Authors: Lemon Alaina
Published: May 2018

So what happens when nonexperts bend and break frames? Or when competing experts face each other on stage or screen? All of the preceding has suggested hierarchies of intuition. Against the idea that intuition is merely a matter of accumulated knowledge, this chapter demonstrates how the regular practice of intuition involves the mastery of techniques within networks. Technologies for intuition are techniques are tools exercised through divisions of labor. To conjure or to erase stage frames—be they drawn along lines of air or along prison walls—requires authority and collective labor. The rest of us struggle to redraw frames—or failing that, to add more frames. Some venture to intuit contacts even against all the experts who exhort us not to cross over.
Voice of the Xtabay and Bullocks Wilshire
Authors: Miranda Carolina A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents the author's account of Peruvian songstress Yma Sumac. Sumac is known for her four-octave voice and for launching the musical category known as exotica, a cinematic fusion of international styles that allowed mid-twentieth-century American audiences a taste of the mysterious and the remote. For the author, a Peruvian kid who grew up in Southern California, Sumac was a rare representation of the Andean in US popular culture. Xtabay, the hit album from 1950 that introduced Sumac to international audiences, seemed like otherworldly evidence of her power. In 2017, eight years after her death at the age of eighty-six, Sumac remains the subject of fan sites, Pinterest pages, and Facebook groups, and she has inspired a veritable rabbit hole of lip sync videos on YouTube.
Listening Across Boundaries
Authors: Garcia David F.
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents the author's reflections about Cuban music in Los Angeles. He says that although the history of Cuban music in East Los Angeles may be little known, musicians like Cuban composer Arsenio Rodriguez and flutist Rolando Lozano are an important part of the story of how Latin American music took shape across the greater LA landscape. Re-engaging with historical documents on the Paramount Ballroom that he collected from 1996 to 2003, he says that if we rethink the nature of our temporal and spatial distances from 1965, from the Paramount Ballrooms of the past, and seek to understand this place's meanings via people's movements of all sorts across time and geographic space, then we might retrieve the Paramount Ballroom's historical significances from vantage points of a different epistemology altogether. He attempts to listen between and across boundaries of all sorts, including “between the lines” of archival newspaper reports.
Big Sur
Authors: Brooks Shelley Alden
Published: May 2018

Big Sur embodies much of what has defined California since the mid-twentieth century. A remote, inaccessible, and undeveloped pastoral landscape until 1937, Big Sur quickly became a cultural symbol of California and the West—and a home to the ultra-wealthy. This transformation was due in part to writers and artists such as Robinson Jeffers and Ansel Adams, who created an enduring mystique for this coastline. But Big Sur’s prized coastline is also the product of the pioneering efforts of residents and Monterey County officials, who forged a collaborative public/private preservation model for Big Sur that foreshadowed the shape of California coastal preservation in the twenty-first century. Big Sur’s well-preserved vistas and high-end real estate situate this coastline somewhere between American ideals of development and wilderness. It is a space that challenges the way most Americans think of nature, its relationship to people, and what, in fact, makes it “wild.” This book highlights today’s complex and ambiguous intersections of class, the environment, and economic development through the lens of an iconic California landscape.
Open Space at Continent’s End
Authors: Brooks Shelley Alden
Published: May 2018

Chapter 4 revolves around the pivotal year of 1962, when Monterey County planners and Big Sur residents crafted a pioneering open-space master plan that foreshadowed the state’s commitment to coastal conservation in the following decades. Some residents balked at the idea of submitting to increased regulation, but the majority of residents understood that the government was going to have growing influence over the shape of landscapes and acknowledged the paradox that to retain a sense of the wild, residents would have to work alongside the government to determine viable residential and tourist features. Together, residents and Monterey County officials helped to secure in Big Sur a landscape quite distinct from two other notable California destinations: the rapidly commercializing Tahoe region and the newly established Point Reyes National Seashore. By accommodating a spectrum of visitors while restricting the numbers who could settle here, Big Sur locals and county officials secured the appearance of a democratic landscape long associated with the West, while, in fact, creating an increasingly exclusive landscape more representative of contemporary California.
For the Wild
Authors: Pike Sarah M.
Published: May 2018

Drawing on analyses of activist art, music, and writings, as well as interviews and participant-observation in activist communities and at protests, For the Wild explores the ways in which radical environmental and animal rights activists’ commitments develop through powerful experiences with the other-than-human world during childhood and young adulthood. The book addresses the question of how and why activists come to value nonhuman animals and the natural world as worthy of protection. For the Wild is about two kinds of ritual: conversion as a rite of passage or initiation into activism and protests as ritualized actions. In the context of conversion to activism, the book explores the ways in which the emotions of love, wonder, rage and grief that motivate radical activists develop through powerful, embodied relationships with nonhuman beings. These emotions, their ritualized expressions, and spirituality shape activists’ protest practices and help us understand their deep-rooted commitments to the planet and its creatures.
Freedom and Insurrection around a Fire
Authors: Pike Sarah M.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 1 introduces the reader to activists’ lives and work and provides background on the communities I most often interacted with. It consists of a thick description of an Earth First! gathering I attended and the anti-fracking protest that took place at the end of the action.
Conclusion
Authors: Pike Sarah M.
Published: May 2018

In the book’s Conclusion, I explore what it means to act “for the wild” and “for the animals” throughout one’s lifespan. Radical animal rights and environmental activism can be seen in relation to other radical protests of the early twenty-first century, including Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter and the Standing Rock Dakota Pipeline protest, as well as anti-government protests on the Right. I conclude by suggesting what this study has, in the end, to say about youth culture, ritual, memory, and contemporary spirituality in the contexts of radical environmental and animal rights movements and broader political and social shifts in the early twenty-first century. These movements are significant signs of changing times as human and other-than-human communities face and respond to powerful social, political and climate challenges.
Jack Benny and the Golden Age of American Radio Comedy
Authors: Fuller-Seeley Kathryn H.
Published: May 2018

Jack Benny became one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century - by being the top radio comedian, when the comics ruled radio, and radio was the most powerful and pervasive mass medium in the US. In 23 years of weekly radio broadcasts, by aiming all the insults at himself, Benny created Jack, the self-deprecating “Fall Guy” character. He indelibly shaped American humor as a space to enjoy the equal opportunities of easy camaraderie with his cast mates, and equal ego deflation. Benny was the master of comic timing, knowing just when to use silence to create suspense or to have a character leap into the dialogue to puncture Jack’s pretentions. Jack Benny was also a canny entrepreneur, becoming one of the pioneering “showrunners” combining producer, writer and performer into one job. His modern style of radio humor eschewed stale jokes in favor informal repartee with comic hecklers like his valet Rochester (played by Eddie Anderson) and Mary Livingstone his offstage wife. These quirky characters bouncing off each other in humorous situations created the situation comedy. In this career study, we learn how Jack Benny found ingenious ways to sell his sponsors’ products in comic commercials beloved by listeners, and how he dealt with the challenges of race relations, rigid gender ideals and an insurgent new media industry (TV). Jack Benny created classic comedy for a rapidly changing American culture, providing laughter that buoyed radio listeners from 1932’s depths of the Great Depression, through World War II to the mid-1950s.