bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de materiales formativos de acceso público elaborados por bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Somoza-Fernández Marta , Abadal Ernest
Published: November 2009

Los materiales formativos constituyen recursos muy importantes para la formación de usuarios en bibliotecas. En el estudio se describen y analizan las principales características de los materiales formativos creados por bibliotecas universitarias españolas. Se ha evaluado una muestra de 72 recursos docentes de acceso público aplicando 36 indicadores agrupados en diez categorías. En el análisis se pone de manifiesto que tan sólo el 24 % de las bibliotecas han creado materiales propios y que las temáticas se centran en la explicación de las fuentes de información y los servicios de la biblioteca siendo sólo tres los que abordan la alfabetización informacional. En general, se trata de materiales formativos poco efectivos desde el punto de vista docente (se detecta baja presencia de objetivos formativos, de ejercicios para reforzar el aprendizaje, de pretest, y de evaluación final) y poco interactivos (casi el 50 % son transparencias y el 20 % pdfs). Como conclusión, se muestra que la mayoría de estos materiales se encuentran en una fase inicial de desarrollo y no permiten al usuario realizar de forma completa y autónoma el proceso de aprendizaje.
FIELD EVALUATION OF A PHEROMONE TO DETECT ADULT RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: Loschiavo S.R. , Wong J. , White N.D.G. , Pierce H.D. , Borden J.H. , Oehlschlager A.C.
Published: November 2009

Insect-detection traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromones of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were inserted into grain stored in primary elevator annex bins and in farm bins, or suspended in partly full or empty bins and outside under the eaves of bins. The mixture of the synthetic pheromones 4,8-dimethyl-E,E-4,8-decadienolide (ferrulactone I) and (Z)-3-dodecen-11-olide (ferrulactone II) was released from hollow polyester fibers (0.203 mm ID) positioned in the interior of the insect-detection trap. In annex bins, the number of beetles found in baited traps after 1 week ranged from 0 to 7300. In these bins, more beetles were found in traps at a depth of 30–60 cm than at 150–250 cm, and in traps with 2 fibers containing pheromone rather than with 1 fiber. In farm bins, baited and unbaited traps were relatively ineffective at grain temperatures below 14 °C. More beetles were found in baited than in unbaited traps in farm bins but the numbers were small and the differences were not significant. Few beetles were found in traps suspended in partly full or empty farm bins and none in traps suspended outside under the eaves.
A REVISION OF THE GENUS TRICHOSILIA HAMPSON (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J.D. , Kononenko V.S.
Published: November 2009

The genus Trichosilia Hampson, until now monotypic, is revised to include 10 species, 4 of which are described as new: T. austrina Lafontaine, from Texas; T. woodiana Lafontaine, from northwestern Canada; T. boreana Lafontaine, from northern Canada and Alaska; and T. beringiana Lafontaine and Kononenko, from northwestern Canada, Alaska, and Chukotka, USSR. All species are illustrated and characters to distinguish the species are given. Distribution maps for the species and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus are also included.
NATIVE PREDATORS AND THE CONTROL OF POTATO APHIDS
Authors: Boiteau Gilles
Published: November 2009

Experiments were done in fields of potato in Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1981, 1982, and 1984 to determine the effect of native predators on the abundance of aphids. The populations of predators were altered by pitfall trapping within plots enclosed by polythene barriers and by applying a selective insecticide. The abundance of aphids was monitored in the enclosed plots and in unenclosed areas serving as control. The experimental design was successful at significantly reducing the numbers of Carabidae in the enclosures compared with the open plots. Aphid populations tended to be larger in the plots with depleted populations of Carabidae than in the control areas and were significantly larger in the plots where the insecticide depleted the populations of canopy level predators. These results suggest that the Carabidae play a relatively minor role in aphid control on the potato crop compared with specific predators.
LARVAL HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF COQUILLETTIDIA PERTURBANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN MINNESOTA
Authors: Batzer Darold P. , Sjogren Robert D.
Published: November 2009

Larvae of Coquillettidia pertubans (Walker) are found in some marshes of permanent water with stands of aquatic vegetation. Eighty-six marshes, located within a 400-km2 area of Hennepin County, Minnesota, were examined in the fall of 1984 to determine factors that characterize C. perturbans breeding sites. We found that C. perturbans larvae attached to the roots of primarily Typha species although other plant species were also used. The water in sites with larvae was significantly deeper, lower in dissolved oxygen, and contained a significantly thicker layer of organic debris than sites without larvae. Larvae were associated with sites where Typha had specialized structures called water roots, which grow in the water column. Larvae inhabiting floating mats of vegetation were associated with interior openings within the mats.
FORMATION OF FLOWERHEAD GALLS BY THE CANADA THISTLE GALL-FLY, UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), UNDER CAGE CONDITIONS
Authors: Shorthouse J.D. , Lalonde R.G.
Published: November 2009

Normally, Urophora cardui (L.) induces galls on the stems of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle). However, six galls were found in flowerheads when flies were cultured in growth chambers. All flowerhead galls developed from receptacle tissues of male thistle capitula and were structurally similar to those induced from stem tissues. The appearance of these atypical galls contributes to our understanding of organ specificity of gall-inducing insects.
EFFECTS OF AGE, EGG DEVELOPMENT, AND MATING ON CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),
Authors: Howlader M.A. , Gerber G.H.
Published: November 2009

The effects of age, egg development, and mating on calling behavior of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were studied at 20°C, 60% RH, and a 16-h L: 8-h D photoperiod. Most virgin females called and copulated for the first time during the second or third scotophase after emergence. The first copulation was 17.0 ± 0.2 h (mean±SE) long and was terminated within 1 h after lights off in the scotophase following the initiation of copulation. The ovaries contained the first chorionated eggs before the beginning of the second scotophase after emergence. The first egg laying occurred during the same scotophase in which the first copulation was terminated, i.e. scotophase three or four. Almost 75% of the eggs were laid by the end of the seventh scotophase after emergence. Mated females resumed calling after a refractory period of about 2 days. Once calling was resumed after copulation, most females laid eggs and called nightly, with egg laying occurring during the first 5–6 h and calling during the last 2–3 h of the scotophase. Mated females called for a shorter period during each scotophase than virgin females of the same age (1–3 h vs. 4–6 h). In virgin females, the diel periodicity of calling was advanced and the length of the daily calling period was increased with age until the seventh scotophase after emergence; thereafter, both remained relatively unchanged.
INFLUENCE OF APPLE CULTIVAR, TREE PHENOLOGY, AND LEAF QUALITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MORTALITY OF CHORISTONEURA ROSACEANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Onstad David W. , Reissig W. Harvey , Shoemaker Christine A.
Published: November 2009

The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), is a polyphagous insect that is occasionally a serious pest of apple trees. To determine how well adapted it is to this host plant, we studied its nutritional ecology by measuring the development and mortality of larvae and pupae reared on different sets of leaves. We investigated the influence of 3 apple cultivars, 2 time periods (June, July–August), and several leaf types, including those with different ages and different branch positions, on these processes. Larvae and pupae developed more rapidly with lower mortality on younger leaves than on older ones. When larvae were fed leaves collected from the same cultivar and branch position at different times during the season, developmental rates were faster and survival rates were higher earlier in the season. Development and survival were similar on leaves of all cultivars.
ANNUAL, INTRA-, AND INTER-SPECIFIC VARIATIONS IN BODY SIZE AND POTENTIAL FECUNDITY OF SOME TABANUS SPECIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Leprince D.J. , Jolicoeur P.
Published: November 2009

Because egg production in Tabanus atratus, T. catenatus, T. lineola, T. quinquevittatus, and T. similis is not known in southwestern Quebec, potential fecundity and body size were evaluated respectively from the analysis of ovariole number and wing length in field-collected females. Ovariole number appears to be proportional to the third power of wing length, and fecundity indices can be derived from that relationship. Significant differences in body size and potential fecundity of the species suggest that there are different reproductive strategies within the genus Tabanus. Body size and potential fecundity varied significantly in both sampling years in T. lineola but not in T. quinquevittatus or T. similis. These results may prove useful in future studies of population dynamics or phylogeny.
ATTRACTION OF DIAMONDBACK MOTHS, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE), BY VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF CANOLA, WHITE MUSTARD, AND FABA BEAN
Authors: Palaniswamy P. , Gillott C. , Slater G.P.
Published: November 2009

The olfactory responses of male and female diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella [L.]) to leaf extracts of the following plants were examined by behavioral and electrophysiological tests: white mustard (Brassica hirta cv. Ochre); Argentine canola (B. napus cv. Regent, B. napus cv. Westar); Polish canola (B. campestris cv. Tobin); and faba bean (Vicia faba). In behavioral tests both two-choice and four-choice situations were used. All extracts attracted more moths than the control except for Regent canola extract which attracted males only. White mustard extract was about twice as attractive as that of Regent or faba bean. White mustard and faba bean extracts appeared slightly more attractive to females than to males. Oviposition was greatly stimulated by white mustard extract, but other extracts had no significant effect. Electroantennogram (EAG) tests showed that both male and female moths perceived the plant extracts through antennal receptors. Antennae of females gave a stronger EAG response than those of males, especially to white mustard and faba bean extracts.
DISTRIBUTION OF CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS FOOTE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) EGGS IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARDS AND A METHOD OF ESTIMATING EGG DENSITY
Authors: Miller G.E.
Published: November 2009

Efficient sampling procedures for estimating densities of eggs of Douglas-fir cone gall midge (DFCGM), Contarinia oregonensis Foote, on individual trees as well as for orchards were developed from data collected in Douglas-fir seed orchards in 1978–1981. Egg distribution was contagious and generally fitted the negative binomial distribution on individual trees, but a common k could not be estimated. Tree and crown level affected density of midge eggs within orchards. Average density at the midpoint of the cone-bearing portion of the crown was not significantly different from the tree average. The optimum sampling pattern in an orchard, i.e. one conelet from the midpoint of the cone-bearing portion of each of 120 trees, would require 120 person-hours to process the samples when DFCGM egg densities are high (worst-case situation).
DAMAGE PREDICTION FOR CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS FOOTE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARDS
Authors: Miller G.E.
Published: November 2009

Damage at cone harvest by the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, was positively correlated with the number of egg-infested scales per conelet in the spring. Reducing the average number of galled seeds per cone by 1.5 increased the average number of filled seeds per cone by 1.0 in insecticide trials. Optimum sample sizes for estimating average densities of egg-infested scales were calculated to be one conelet per tree and 150 trees per orchard. The mean crowding variable was linearly related to average density so a sequential sampling technique relative to a critical density, using Iwao’s procedure, was developed for determining the need of control actions.
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE BY FEMALEHEMADAS NUBILIPENNIS(HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) AS A FACTOR IN GALL INDUCTION ON LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: Shorthouse J.D. , West A. , Landry R.W. , Thibodeau P.D.
Published: November 2009

The chalcidoid wasp,Hemadas nubilipennis(Ashmead), induces a reniform gall on the adventitious shoots of lowbush blueberry. Eggs are laid within shoot tissues 5–15 mm below the tip and then the female destroys the apex of the shoot by stabbing with her ovipositor. Stabbing terminates growth of the shoot, and as a result all nutrients flowing into the shoot are redirected towards the gall tissues and larvae. This is a rare example of an insect damaging tissues of the host plant for the benefit of the offspring. It also is suggested that stabbing and gall formation have a pruning effect on the host plant.
YIELD LOSSES IN CANOLA CAUSED BY ADULT AND LARVAL FLEA BEETLES, PHYLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Bracken G.K. , Bucher G.E.
Published: November 2009

The temporal aspects of the effect of feeding damage to canola seedlings by adult flea beetles on yield were determined by protecting plants in 0.836-m2 field plots from beetle attack with screen cages for varying periods. Yield was reduced most when plants were damaged during stages 1.0–2.2, 5–10 days after germination, but was not reduced when they were damaged after reaching stages 2.3–2.4, 20 days after germination. Plots exposed to attack for periods greater than 5 days before protection had smaller yields and fewer plants than plots protected from the time of germination for 5 or more days before exposure to flea beetle attack. Yield losses caused by larvae were measured by growing plants inside field cages to stage 2.3–2.4 before exposing them to feral adults to establish larval populations; yields of plots treated subsequently with drenches of carbofuran to kill larvae were then compared with yields of untreated plots. A yield loss of 5% was observed at larval densities of 0.16/cm2, estimated from soil core samples and captures of adults in emergence cages. The results confirm that continuous protection of canola during and after germination is superior to post-germination protection and suggest that activities of flea beetle larvae reduce yield.
EFFECTS OF DENSITY, DISTURBANCE, AND WASTE PRODUCTS ON GROWTH OF LARVAL ENALLAGMA EBRIUM (HAGEN) (ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE)
Authors: Baker Robert L.
Published: November 2009

Individual growth rates of larval dragonflies can exhibit density dependence under field conditions. Retarded growth can occur despite an apparent abundance of food and may be due to some form of stress caused by aggressive interactions. I used laboratory experiments to test for effects of larval density, accumulated waste products, and disturbance on growth of larval Enallagma ebrium given abundant food. Experimental treatments had no clear effect on larval weight, size, or duration in an instar. Thus aggressive interactions, in the absence of food limitation, may not be important in affecting growth rates of larval odonates.
RESPONSE OF THREE CHELONUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) SPECIES TO KAIROMONES IN SCALES OF SIX LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chiri A.A. , Legner E.F.
Published: November 2009

Three species of egg–larval parasites in the genus Chelonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) exhibited host-searching behavior when exposed to body scales from 6 species of Lepidoptera representing 3 families. The nonspecific response to scales from several hosts appears to be of adaptive value to Chelonus spp., as it is consistent with the polyphagous habits reported for this genus. The searching response was more widespread and intense in an Ethiopian Chelonus sp. than in 2 other species. It is thought that the broad responsiveness to host scales may detrimentally affect parasite searching ability through excessive loss of searching time, although sensory adaptation to the kairomones might serve to attenuate such effect. Some coevolutionary aspects of this host–parasite chemical interaction are discussed.
A DISTRIBUTION MODEL FOR EGG DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE
Authors: Logan J.A. , Amman G.D.
Published: November 2009

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) population dynamics, as well as potential for outbreaks and resulting tree mortality, are related in part to habitat temperature. As a first step in development of a life-stage, event-oriented simulation model, we have modeled the temperature-dependent development of the egg stage. The completed model includes a full description of variation in developmental rates and is capable of predicting duration and eclosion patterns for any temperature regime. This model was parameterized using data obtained from constant-temperature experiments at temperatures of 8, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Validation experiments were conducted for constant temperatures of 15, 17.5, 22.5, and 27.5°C and for variable-temperature regimes of 15±5 and 15±10°C. Validation results indicated that the model is capable of accurately describing the emergence curve for constant temperatures below 27.5°C. The model also faithfully represents emergence under variable temperatures of 15 ± 10°C. Potential reasons for lack of model fidelity in describing emergence at constant high temperatures and for 15 ± 5°C are discussed in the text.
ANAPHES SORDIDATUS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE), AN EGG PARASITE OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (LE CONTE)
Authors: Boivin Guy
Published: November 2009

The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Le Conte), is an important pest of carrot and celery in eastern Canada (Stevenson 1985). In Quebec, it is univoltine and overwinters as adults (Boivin 1985). At present, the only way to control this pest is with chemical insecticides applied either as granules at seeding time to control the larvae or as foliar sprays to control the adults before they start to oviposit. If integrated pest management (IPM) programs are to be applied to crops attacked by the carrot weevil, additional control methods are needed.
REVIEW OF PARASITIC ASSOCIATIONS OF LARVAL WATER MITES (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: HYDRACHNIDA) WITH INSECT HOSTS
Authors: Smith Ian M. , Oliver D.R.
Published: November 2009

Historical and recently published information on the parasitic associations of larval water mites with insect hosts is critically reviewed and summarized. A number of problematical published host records are either confirmed or rejected, and many newly discovered associations are reported. Associations of parasitic larvae with insect hosts are confirmed for species of water mites representing 70 of the nearly 300 described genera, in 28 of the 45 currently recognized families, and all 7 superfamilies. Life history, behavioral, ecological, and phylogenetic data on water mites of genera with known larvae are summarized to provide the basis for interpreting the evolutionary significance of observed host associations. Previously established hypotheses are evaluated in the light of a greatly expanded list of verified observations.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF SITONA HISPIDULUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN ALFALFA FIELD SOIL
Authors: Quinn M.A. , Hower A.A.
Published: November 2009

The multivariate statistical techniques of canonical correlation and canonical redundancy analyses were used to assess the population structure of larvae of Sitona hispidulus (F.) in alfalfa field soil. A series of rhizosphere variables was correlated with a series of insect variables that represented the developmental stages of the insect to identify relationships between the insect and rhizosphere. Results indicated that 1st and 2nd-instar larvae were correlated with small root nodules and soil moisture, but not with taproot biomass. Third- and 4th-instar larvae and pupae were not correlated with any of the rhizosphere components measured. Fifth-instar larvae were associated with taproot biomass.
LARVAE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF DIPRIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA)
Authors: Wong H.R. , Szlabey D.L.
Published: November 2009

Larvae in the subfamilies and genera of Diprionidae in North America are described. Keys and illustrations are provided to aid in their identification.
SEX-SPECIFIC EMERGENCE OF IPS TYPOGRAPHUS L. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND FLIGHT BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO PHEROMONE SOURCES FOLLOWING HIBERNATION
Authors: Lindelöw Åke , Weslien Jan
Published: November 2009

Emergence patterns, sex ratios, and dispersal characteristics of Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) emerging from hibernation sites were studied under field conditions. A total of 8666 emerging beetles were caught in 14 tent-traps, covering brood tree stumps at 3 different hibernation sites. Samples of these beetles were sexed at frequent intervals. The proportion of females increased as emergence progressed and the overall proportion of females was 62%. A total of 3433 beetles emerging after hibernation were marked and released on 19 separate occasions. The recapture rates were 13 and 4% in nearby and distant pheromone traps, respectively. Recaptures were recorded at distances of up to 1800 m. Beetles were able to respond and fly to pheromone sources shortly after emergence without prior feeding or prolonged flight activity. Trapping and marking techniques, temporal and spatial emergence patterns, seasonal sex ratio changes, and factors influencing pheromone trap catches are discussed.
PREMIÈRE MENTION DE CULEX TARSALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Gebara A. , de Oliveira D.
Published: November 2009

La poursuite de l'échantillonnage de Culicides larvaires afin de déterminer la colonisation par les populations de moustiques d'un gîte nouvellement aménagé, nous a permis de capturer deux larves de Culex tarsalis Coquillett le 28 août 1984. Il s'agit de la première mention de cette espèce au Québec.
POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS OF THE RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), MONITORED WITH INSECT TRAPS IN WHEAT STORED IN A STEEL GRANARY
Authors: Loschiavo S.R. , Smith L.B.
Published: November 2009

Population fluctuations of adults of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), in wheat stored in a steel granary were monitored using insect detection traps 35 cm below the surface of the grain during the fall of 1983, and the spring, summer, and fall of 1984. In both years, the peak population occurred from the beginning of September to the third week in October. In 1984, no beetles were found in the traps until early June. The number of beetles in each trap increased slowly until late August (range 0 to 315), and then rapidly until late October (range 91 to 1212), and then decreased rapidly thereafter until mid-November (range 236 to 2). No beetles were caught during the winters after 30 November 1983 and 19 November 1984. The absence of beetles in the traps before June or after November and the small catches before July or in early November were attributed to the combined effects of low population levels and reduced movement of adults at low grain temperatures. A few beetles were caught at a grain temperature of 8°C but none at temperatures lower than 4°C. Approximately 65% of adults found in samples of grain at −7°C in February 1985 were alive and became active in the laboratory. Practical recommendations for monitoring insect pests of stored grain are given, based on the results.
REVIEW OF NEARCTICAPOTOMISHÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: OLETHREUTINI)
Authors: Adamski D. , Peters T. Michael
Published: November 2009

A review of NearcticApotomisHübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutini) is presented. Seventeen species are recognized, of which the following are new:coloradensis,trifida, andspurinfida.Apotomis strigosaHeinrich, 1926 is considered a new synonym oftertianaMcDunnough, 1922, anddextranaMcDunnough, 1923 ofremovanaKearfott, 1907. Descriptions, distribution maps, and a key to species are provided. Illustrations of male and female genitalia and photographs of distinctive wing patterns are included. Scanning electron micrographs reveal that setae on digitus of male genitalia are taxonomically important.
ACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE OF FENITROTHION IN NEEDLES OF BALSAM FIR AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON ABUNDANCE OF NEODIPRION ABIETIS (HARRIS) (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: Eidt D.C. , Mallet V.N.
Published: November 2009

Fenitrothion accumulates in foliage tissue of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., in the forest, but only until about 1.5 μg/g is reached. The balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris), which belongs to the family of forest insects known to be most sensitive to fenitrothion, has become rare but persists in New Brunswick in spite of the use of fenitrothion for control of spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumerifana (Clemens).
MESOTHORACIC SKELETOMUSCULATURE AND MECHANICS OF FLIGHT AND JUMPING IN EUPELMINAE (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA: EUPELMIDAE)
Authors: Gibson Gary A.P.
Published: November 2009

Mesothoracic skeletomusculature of male and female Eupelminae is described and compared with that of other Eupelmidae, Chalcidoidea, and Hymenoptera. Various external mesopleural features and structural dimorphism between the sexes are explained by differences in muscle form and placement. A set of terms for mesothoracic structure is proposed that is equally applicable to male and female eupelmines and to other chalcidoids. Mechanics of flight and jumping in male eupelmines, and of jumping in females, is also described. The flight mechanism of males is similar to that previously described in other hymenopterans and is structurally independent of the jumping mechanism. Contraction of large mesotergal-mesotrochanteral muscles, originating from the axillae and axillar phragmata, act directly to retract the mesotrochanters into the mesocoxae for jumping. Females have coadapted the flight and jumping mechanisms into a single mechanism to improve jumping greatly. The mesotergal-mesotrochanteral muscles are reduced to slender, tendon-like muscles originating from the anteroventral angle of each lateral axillar surface. Jumping in females results from contraction of large mesopleural-mesotergal muscles that insert into anterolateral processes of the mesoscutum by pads of resilin. The pads are stretched during contraction of the mesopleural-mesotergal muscles and the potential energy thus stored is subsequently released to flex the mesonotum along the transscutal articulation. The first and second axillary sclerites are modified to function as a hinge to control mesonotal flexing for jumping. Flexing the mesonotum rotates the lateral axillar surfaces anteriorly and dorsally, thereby pulling up on the mesotergal-mesotrochanteral muscles and changing a horizontally directed force into a vertical force that is used to retract the mesotrochanters for jumping. A mesothoracic lock mechanism to prevent initial mesonotal flexing is proposed, but is not documented. “Contortion” of female eupelmines is described, and is a consequence of the increased degree of mesonotal flexing required for their jumping mechanism. The modified mesocoxal articulation of females is hypothesized to function in rotating the middle legs cephalad to protect the head and antennae during landing. It is questioned whether female eupelmines can fly, and the adaptive significance of enhancement of jumping at the expense of flight in females, and of sexual dimorphism in the subfamily, is discussed.
NEW OBSERVATIONS OF PREDATION BY PLANT BUGS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Culliney Thomas W. , Pimentel David , Namuco Ofelia S. , Capwell Barbara A.
Published: November 2009

During the course of a census of arthropods in a collard crop (Brassica oleraceavar.acephala) (Cruciferae) in central New York State in summer 1985, the authors witnessed frequent incidents of unusual feeding behavior in mirid bugs. In late July and early August, numerous observations were made by three of the authors (TWC, OSN, and BAC) of apparent feeding by nymphal (2nd–4th instar) and adult tarnished plant bugs,Lygus linolaris(Palisot de Beauvois), on cocoons ofApanteles glomeratus(L.), a braconid parasitoid of the imported cabbageworm,Pieris rapae(L.). The predation occurred in a period of unusually highP. rapaepopulation densities (estimated at 150 000 ha−1), whenA. glomeratuscocoons were abundant on collard leaves.
FACTORS AFFECTING SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) (CLEM.) MATING AND MATING DISRUPTION WITH PHEROMONE IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Ponder B.M. , Kipp L.R. , Bergh C. , Lonergan G.C. , Seabrook W.D.
Published: November 2009

Factors influencing spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) mating and mating suppression in an enclosed environment in the laboratory were investigated to develop a quantitative assay suited to statistical analysis. Mating in the absence of the two major components of spruce budworm sex pheromone (control) was not affected by changes in moth population density nor by increasing the experimental duration from 20 to 44 h. The proportions mated increased with an increase in the male:female ratio to 1.5:1 and when the experimental duration was prolonged to 68 h. Using a population density, sex ratio combination of 15:10 (male:female) the proportions of mated females decreased with increasing source concentrations of the two major spruce budworm sex pheromone components (95:5E/Z-11–14-tetradecenal). This effect was diminished with increases in the population density and with extended test duration. Mating in the presence of pheromone remained lower than controls over all durations tested.
AN ECONOMIC THRESHOLD FUNCTION FOR THE TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Raworth D.A.
Published: November 2009

The growth and yield responses of “Totem” strawberries, Fragaria × ananassa, to 4 introduction densities of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were observed under field conditions in the lower Fraser Valley. At the high-density treatments T. urticae populations peaked at 65 mites/leaflet and declined during harvest. At the medium- and low-density treatments and in the controls, T. urticae had lower and later peaks. Two species of insect predators and 1 phytoseiid species preyed upon T. urticae. Berry weight and number were predicted (R = 0.97, 12 df) from the number of flowering stalks and accumulated mite-days. Yields increased with increasing numbers of flowering stalks and declined with increasing accumulated mite-days. A $1300 yield loss/ha was observed when 2500 mite-days accumulated between 15 May and 16 July. Fruit size was not affected by T. urticae. Yield equations were developed so that a mite sample 1–5 weeks before harvest can be used to predict dollars lost due to T. urticae. The data allow the grower to determine an economic threshold based on the number of weeks before harvest, mite sample precision, differences in environmental conditions relative to the present study, the control measure to be used, and the market price to the grower.
PHENOLOGY OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (OSTRINIA NUBILALIS) IN ALBERTA
Authors: Lee Dennis A. , Spence John R.
Published: November 2009

Differences in phenology were observed between two populations ofOstrinia nubilalis(Hbn.) in Alberta. In the South Saskatchewan River valley, borers pupated and emerged 3–6 days earlier than on the plains. This was not simply a function of different microclimates because median pupation occurred at 331 degree-days (DD) for plains populations and at 490 DD for valley populations. First-generation flight extended from the last week in June until the 1st week in August. Flight peaks in 1983 occurred on 8 July in the valley and on 14 July on the plains. Flight was delayed in 1984 by cold nightly temperatures. In 1983 valley populations had a partial second generation, with a flight peak in late August. Mean pupal mass was significantly less for plains populations than valley populations. Transplant experiments demonstrated that these differences reflected mainly environmental influences. During spring 1984, mean larval mass in the two populations did not differ until early June, when both mean wet and dry mass of valley larvae increased significantly but those of plains larvae did not change. This variability of phenotypes contributes to the colonizing ability of the European corn borer.
PRIMARY TYPES OF CERAPHRONOIDEA, EVANIOIDEA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, AND TRIGONALOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J.
Published: November 2009

Two hundred and thirty-nine primary types of Ceraphronoidea (11), Evanioidea (1), Proctotrupoidea (226), and Trigonaloidea (1) housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Masner (108), Townes (41), Muesebeck (25), Harrington (16), Johnson (9), Dessart (7), Huggert and Masner (6), Masner and Huggert (5), MacGown (5), Johnson and Masner (3), Ritchie and Masner (3), Mineo (2), Provancher (2), Ashmead (1), Bin and Johnson (1), Dessart and Bin (1), Fouts (1), MacGown and Nebeker(1), Sharkey (1), and Viereck (1). Lectotypes are designated by L. Masner for the following Harrington species: Aphanogmus salicicola, Lygocerus pallipes, Aclista caudata, Eritrissomerus pallipes, Sactogaster varipes, Baryconus bicolor, and Baryconus cinctus; and for Pentacantha canadensis Ashmead. The following new generic combinations are also proposed by L. Masner: Acanosema caudata (Harrington) and A. crassicornis (Harrington) from Aclista; Amblyaspis pallipes (Harrington) from Eritrissomerus; and Trimorus canadensis (Ashmead) from Pentacantha.
THE EGGS AND LARVAE OF CRYPTOCEPHALUS QUADRUPLEX NEWMAN AND C. VENUSTUS FABRICIUS, WITH A KEY TO THE KNOWN IMMATURE STAGES OF THE NEARCTIC GENERA OF CRYPTOCEPHALINE LEAF BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent
Published: November 2009

The eggs and larvae of Cryptocephalus quadruplex Newman and C. venustus Fabricius are described and illustrated. Both species very likely overwinter in the larval stage. The adults emerge from the last week of May to mid-June. Before mating they feed on plants for about a week. The oviposition period is quite extended and lasts from mid-June to the end of July. The eggs are laid singly in the leaf litter. The hatching period was 10–15 days in the laboratory. The larvae develop through 5 instars and feed exclusively on dead or decaying leaves of various plants. By the end of September most of them have grown to the 4th instar, some to the 5th. At this moment they stop feeding and move deeper in the leaf litter for overwintering. The 1st instar is easily recognized by the presence of the egg bursters on meso- and metathorax, the large flattened-papillate setae of the head capsule, and the presence of 2 pairs of spiniform setae on tibiae. In the following instars the size varies as well as the number of spiniform setae on the tibiae and the number of secondary clubbed setae on the pronotum.
ANTHOBIOIDES PUBESCENS, AN UNUSUAL NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINTOAE) FROM WASHINGTON
Authors: Campbell J.M.
Published: November 2009

Anthobioides pubescens, an unusual new genus and new species of rove beetle, is described from the Olympic and Mt. Rainier National Parks, WA. The genus is assigned to the Anthobium-group of genera in the tribe Anthophagini, subfamily Omaliinae. The new genus represents the sister group of the genus Camioleum Lewis from Japan. The phylogeny of Anthobioides and Camioleum and their relationship to the other four genera assigned to the Anthobium-group is discussed. All pertinent characters of Anthobioides are illustrated by line drawings or scanning electron photomicrographs.
THE ORTHOPTEROID INSECTS IN NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA: UPDATING AND RATIONALIZING RECENT WORK
Authors: Vickery V.R.
Published: November 2009

A number of recent publications have been produced on North American orthopteroid insects. These publications differ in some respects in dealing with the northern, particularly Canadian, orthopteroid fauna. This paper details the changes in names of taxa at nearly all levels, together with the present accepted names, and explanations and reasons for the changes.
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES OF THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA BROWN (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G.H.
Published: November 2009

The reproductive cycles of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, were studied in the field in Manitoba from 1974 to 1978. Vitellogenesis is initiated within the first 3 days after emergence from aestivation in early August. Oviposition begins soon after the first eggs are developed, usually within the first 8 days after emergence. The rate of egg laying reaches a peak within 2 weeks after the initiation of oviposition and then declines gradually during the remainder of the oviposition period. Almost all eggs were laid between mid-August and mid-October. The average numbers of eggs laid per mated female in three oviposition studies were as follows: 1 female per cage (1974), 254±74 (±SE) (range, 11–696); 1 female per cage (1976), 273±47 (range, 0–622); and 25 females per cage (1974), 426±3 (range, 392–462). The most eggs were laid at the lowest temperature regime tested (6–20°C; mean, 12°C). Copulation is initiated in males and females during the 1st day after emergence from aestivation and both mate many times. Stimuli associated with copulation and (or) insemination enhance egg output, but are not required for the initiation of vitellogenesis and oviposition. Males transfer sufficient spermatozoa to the females during the first one or more copulations that occur during the first 8 days after emergence to fertilize almost all eggs produced. A system for classifying the stages of oocyte development is described.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF PSENINE WASP FROM AFRICA AND A KEY TO GENERA (HYMENOPTERA: PEMPHREDONIDAE: PSENINAE)
Authors: Finnamore Albert T.
Published: November 2009

A new genus and species of psenine wasp are described:Lithium cicatrix. Relationships with other genera are discussed, new tribal limits are proposed, and a key to genera of psenine wasps is presented.
NEW BAETIDAE FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND NORTHERN MEXICO (EPHEMEROPTERA: INSECTA), WITH NOTES
Authors: Allen Richard K. , Murvosh Chad M.
Published: November 2009

Collections of Baetis Leach, Baetodes Needham and Murphy, and Dactylobaetis Traver and Edmunds from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico included new species and new distribution records. The nymphal stages of Baetis sonora n.sp. and Dactylobaetis sinaloa n.sp. are described and figured. Species of Baetis nymphs that were given informal epithets, even though they were described, keyed, and their taxonomic characters figured, are named, or tentatively associated with a described adult. Baetis sp. “A” Morihara and McCafferty is tentatively associated as the nymphal stage of B. adonis Traver, Baetis sp. “B” Morihara and McCafferty is named B. libos, and Baetis sp. “C” Morihara and McCafferty is named B. notos. New collection records extend the known distributional limits of Baetis insignificans McDunnough, Baetodes edmundsi Koss, B. fuscipes Cohen and Allen, and Dactylobaetis mexicanus Traver and Edmunds.
SPECIALIZED TARSAL HAIRS ON ADULT MALE COLORADO POTATO BEETLES, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY), HAMPER ITS LOCOMOTION ON SMOOTH SURFACES
Authors: Pelletier Y. , Smilowitz Z.
Published: November 2009

Tarsi of male Colorado potato beetles adhere to glass and plastic surfaces limiting locomotion greatly. This is not observed with females. Scoop-like tarsal hairs present only in males are responsible for the adherence. The effect of this morphological difference on toxicological or behavioral research conducted in glass or plastic cages is discussed.
THE FIRST RECORDS OF DOLOMEDES STRIATUS GIEBEL IN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN (ARANEIDA: PISAURIDAE)
Authors: Leech Robin , Buckle Donald J.
Published: November 2009

During the summer of 1985, an intensive effort was made to collect the invertebrates, particularly insects and spiders, of the Wagner Natural Area. This is a 162-ha area 6 km west of the city limits of Edmonton, Alta., on the south side of Highway 16X.

An examination of the spiders collected in the pitfall pans revealed two species of pisaurids, Dolomedes striatus Giebel, 1869, and Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer, 1837). This is the first record of Dolomedes striatus for Alberta. The previous known western limit of its distribution was more or less between Lake Nipigon and Thunder Bay, Ont. (Carico 1973).
A NOTE ON FECUNDITY OF THE APHID PREDATOR,APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA(RONDANI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Gilkeson Linda A.
Published: November 2009

The aphidophagous midge,Aphidoletes aphidimyza(Rondani), is a promising biological control agent for aphids in agricultural crops, although its low fecundity has been cited as a disadvantage (Harris 1982; Chambers 1986). In previous studies, fecundity was reported as 70 eggs (Uygun 1971), 100 eggs (Harris 1973), and 6–38 eggs per female (Ushchekov 1975). Recently, Gilkeson and Hill (1986) reported a mean of 156.6 eggs per female from a laboratory line reared under optimum conditions (17-h day, 25°C, ample food supply). These differences in fecundity could be due to variation in genetic makeup, rearing conditions, or larval nutrition, which has been shown to influence adult fecundity (Kuo 1982; Havelka and Růžička 1984). While conducting a project on commercial application ofA.aphidimyza, I have recently found that providing a source of drinking water in oviposition cages resulted in higher egg production than has been previously reported.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CONOPHYMA ZUBOVSKII FROM AFGHANISTAN (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pfadt Robert E.
Published: November 2009

Two species of grasshoppers in the genus Conophyma Zubovskii (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are described as new. Eight male and eight female specimens of Conophyma sharafii n.sp. were collected 8 June 1967 near Altimur Kotal, Paktia Province, Afghanistan, and seven male and four female specimens of Conophyma roberti n.sp. were collected 11 August 1967 near Gardan Deh, Bamian Province, Afghanistan. These discoveries extend the southern range of Conophyma in Afghanistan and bring the total number of described species in the genus to 83.
THE VALIDITY OF IPS CRIBRICOLLIS (EICH.) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AS DISTINCT FROM I. GRANDICOLLIS (EICH.) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF BOTH SPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Lanier Gerald N.
Published: November 2009

Comparison of type material and series of Ips cribricollis (Eich.) and I. grandicollis (Eich.) showed that the species are readily separated by external morphology, the pars stridens of the females, and, especially, the genitalia of the males. Earlier work showed that representatives of the two species were not able to interbreed and that their chromosomes were different. These data and the discovery of the two species at the same locality in Central America are compelling reasons for recognition of these entities as separate species.
A METHOD FOR REARING DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPK. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM EGGS TO PUPAE ON HOST TISSUE WITH OR WITHOUT A FUNGAL COMPLEMENT
Authors: Strongman D.B.
Published: November 2009

The symbiosis between bark beetles and microorganisms, mostly fungi, has been investigated and reviewed by Graham (1967) and Whitney (1982). Bark beetles and their habitat fungi have been studied separately but a suitable method for studying them in combined culture is lacking. To study bark beetles in the laboratory, a method for axenic rearing was developed by Bedard (1966), then improved by Whitney and Spanier (1982). Beetle development was retarded or nil without the addition of Brewer's yeast to the diet (H.S. Whitney, Pacific Forest Research Station (PFRC), Victoria, BC, pers. comm.). The inclusion of yeast in the diet precludes studies of symbiosis, such as the role of fungi in beetle nutrition. I describe a method for rearing bark beetles with or without a fungal complement to investigate this symbiosis
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER
Authors: Anderson J.R. , Shemanchuk J.A.
Published: November 2009

Dissections of flies caught attacking cattle and flying over the Athabasca River (14 June through 11 September 1974) revealed two large peaks of nulliparous females and two peaks of parous females. In both cases, peak numbers of nullipars preceded the peaks in pars. A small third cohort emerged in late August, and some nullipars were collected over the river on all sampling dates.

Around cattle, nullipars had two prominent, but brief, peaks, followed by two subsequent prolonged periods when pars were most abundant. Parity of captured females was typical of the expected seasonal pattern of parity for an anautogenous species and corroborated our previous determination of obligate anautogeny of laboratory-reared females.

Females examined for parity status were categorized as being teneral, blood-fed, gravid/ovipositing, or parasitized with a mermithid parasite (Isomermis spp.). Dissection of 2414 flies caught over the river revealed little difference in the infection rates of males and females throughout the season. Mermithids occurred primarily in nulliparous flies of the first generation and retarded the development of the reproductive organs in both sexes. Parasitism did not prevent nulliparous females from mating, nor feeding on carbohydrate or blood. A blood meal actually seemed required for maturation of the mermithid parasite. Blood-engorged females with mermithids were collected both around cattle and flying over the Athabasca River. When parasitized females with digested blood meals joined swarms of ovipositing females, mermithids were returned to the river. Nearly all flies harbored just one worm; of the 1435 parous females examined for parity, only 1 had a small mermithid. By killing flies from which they exited, the worms prevented females from taking a second blood meal.

Although flies were killed by exit of the mermithid, this parasite is ineffective against the major pest species, Simulium arcticum Malloch, because it does not prevent parasitized females from seeking and taking a blood meal and thereby harassing cattle. However, in years when nearly 50% of the emerged adults are parasitized (like 1974), this mermithid may be a principal factor regulating the population density of the S. arcticum population in subsequent years.
SEX ATTRACTANT BLENDS FOR STRAWBERRY CUTWORM, AMPHIPOEA INTEROCEANICA (SMITH), AND A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, AMPHIPOEA AMERICANA (SPEYER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Struble D.L. , Ayre G.L. , Byers J.R.
Published: November 2009

The strawberry cutworm, Amphipoea interoceanica (Smith), has recently become an important pest of strawberry plants in Manitoba (Ayre 1980) and Quebec (Mailloux and Bostanian 1985). Larvae damage or kill the plants and commercial plantings are sometimes heavily damaged. Strawberry cutworm is widely distributed in North America and is broadly sympatric with a morphologically similar species, Amphipoea americana (Speyer) (Forbes 1954), which is occasionally a pest of corn (Gibson 1920). Sex pheromones of these species have not been reported, although Roelofs and Comeau (1971) found that males of strawberry cutworm were attracted to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (abbrev. Z9- 14:Ac). A sex attractant for strawberry cutworm would provide a convenient method for monitoring population levels in the vicinity of strawberry fields.