bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As esculturas de pedra (zoólitos) e de osso dos sambaquis do Brasil meridional e do Uruguay
Authors: Prous André
Published: May 2018

Esse artigo apresenta a pesquisa desenvolvida sobre zoolitos desde a década de 1970, quando foi realizado o levantamento das principais esculturas de animais produzidas em pedra, encontradas em sambaquis. Serão aqui apresentadas as várias interpretações que surgiram de acordo com paradigmas teóricos da arqueologia que foram se transformando através dos tempos, gerando a conclusão de que o código de elaboração dessa produção artística foi de fato desvendado.
O significado arquetípico do indígena contador de histórias: uma abordagem etnográfica
Authors: Noronha Andressa Da Silva , Karlo-Gomes Geam
Published: May 2018

O presente texto analisa o significado simbólico-arquétipo do indígena contador de histórias, sua representação e importância na atualidade. Situado no campo descritivo e interpretativo, esse trabalho tem como pressuposto a pesquisa etnográfica, desenvolvida em uma tribo indígena na região da Bahia. Investiga-se a figura simbólica do contador de histórias, fazendo apontamentos teóricos para justificar a sua importância social e cultural. Para análise bibliográfica, foram adotados como bases principais os recortes teóricos e reflexões do livro Memória e Sociedade: Lembranças de Velhos, de Ecléa Bosi, Os arquétipos e o inconsciente coletivo, de Carl Gustav Jung e Imagem e Símbolos de Mircea Eliade. Os resultados da pesquisa e a interpretação da análise de dados demonstraram que a contação de histórias está presente na atualidade e que o arquétipo do Velho Sábio, ancião da sabedoria e discernimento, mantém-se intacto no imaginário humano. A figura arquetípica do contador de histórias no grupo analisado permanece inalterada no inconsciente coletivo.
Corpos e montes: arquitetura da morte e do modo de vida dos sambaqueiros
Authors: Gaspar Madu , Deblasis Paulo , Biachini Gina
Published: May 2018

O avanço nas pesquisas em sambaquis, apoiadas especialmente nos processos de formação, tem revelado a presença recorrente de elementos arquiteturais indicando que alguns destes sítios possuem certo tipo de arquitetura funerária. Parte destes elementos arquiteturais são os sepultamentos que impulsionam e ordenam o processo construtivo através dos sucessivos eventos que integram o ritual funerário. Este artigo sintetiza os recentes estudos nesta linha interpretativa e discute algumas de suas implicações.
The Treaty of Tordesillas and the (re)Invention of International Law in the Age of Discovery
Authors: Waisberg Tatiana
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to investigate some of the main features of sixteenth century international law in order to challenge traditional international law foundations. By exploring concrete cases, and indicating situations in which state and non-state actors resorted to international norms in order to promote trade and celebrate peace treaties, it is inquired whether some pre-Westphalia international trade and warfare practices may be defined as the beginning of “modern” international law.
High water level observations along the upper course of the Olt River (Romania) from a hydrological modelling aspect
Authors: Szopos Noémi Mária , Czellecz Boglárka
Published: May 2018

Along its upper course, the Olt River (Romania) flows through several settlements, which are endangered by flooding. The multiannual water flow at Tomești station, the first hydrometric station along the Olt River, is 1.51 m3 /s, but in case of extreme events the river flow reached even 41.8 m3 /s. The aim of this study is to analyze the flood events along the upper course of the Olt River (section between Tomești and Cârța settlements) by using the HEC-RAS and the HEC-GeoRAS hydrological modeling software programs. The river cross section model showed how the main channel narrowed (characteristic to some locations) which can be considered as one of the causes of a possible overflow.
Experimental Evaluation of Colloidal Nanosilica for Improving Bitumen Recovery From Mined Oil-Sand Ore
Authors: Kuznetsov Oleksandr , Agrawal Devesh , Suresh Radhika , Feng Xianhua , Behles Jackie , Khabashesku Valery
Published: May 2018

Oil-sand ore flotation is a primary method of bitumen recovery from mined Athabasca tar sands. In bitumen flotation, suspended biwettable ore fines, such as clays, tend to migrate to oil/water interfaces, creating a slime coating on liberated bitumen droplets. Slime coating significantly reduces the efficiency of the flotation process and overall oil recovery. Ultradispersed hydrophilic silica nanoparticles were found to stabilize biwettable ore fines in an aqueous phase by adsorbing onto fines surfaces, even at concentrations as low as 50 ppm. As a result, fine solids move away from oil/water interfaces, reducing the slime coating and increasing bitumen recovery during flotation of low-grade ore by more than 5%. The addition of nanoparticles has no negative effect on froth quality or oil, water, and solid separation in naphthenic and paraffinic froth-treatment processes. The study demonstrated that colloidal nanoparticles affect many stages of the bitumen-extraction process—from bitumen separation to clay-wettability alteration.
Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Critical Sand-Deposition Velocity for Solid/Liquid Flow
Authors: Dabirian Ramin , Arabnejad Khanouki Hadi , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia
Published: May 2018

Efficient transport of sand or cuttings is very important in the oil and gas industry, and the fluid velocity in these processes should be sufficiently high to keep particles continuously moving along the pipe. This minimum fluid velocity below which particles deposit—defined as the critical velocity—depends on various factors, including flow regime, particle size, particle concentration, phase velocities, and fluid viscosity. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of parameters such as particle size and liquid viscosity on solid/particle transport in horizontal pipelines by use of computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulations and to validate the numerical-model predictions with experimental data. Also, a mechanistic model that is based on force balance is proposed to predict the critical velocity under various experimental conditions.

CFD simulations have been conducted with a commercially available software (ANSYS-FLUENT). An Eulerian model with a k-ω shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence-closure model is used to simulate the fluid flow while particles are tracked as the Lagrangian phase. In these simulations, an eddy-interaction model is included to consider the effect of flow turbulence on particle tracking. The simulations are created for a 0.05-m pipe diameter with a 4-m length. The simulations are initialized at relatively high fluid velocity, which is gradually reduced until the particle velocity drops below the acceptable critical velocity.

The CFD simulation and proposed mechanistic model results are validated with experimental data from literature (Najmi 2015; Najmi et al. 2016) for two particle sizes and multiple liquid viscosities. The simulation and model results show that, depending on the flow regimes (laminar or turbulent) and particle size, the critical velocity demonstrates a similar trend with carrier liquid viscosity as that of the experimental data. However, both the CFD and developed models show poor performance for higher particle size (600 µm). Also, the CFD simulations, experimental data, and proposed-model results are compared with three models currently used in the industry, namely, the Oroskar and Turian (1980) model, the Salama (2000) model, and the Danielson (2007) model.
High School Students’ Performances on Proof Comprehension Tests
Authors: İNAM Bahattin , UĞUREL İşıkhan , BOZ YAMAN Burcak Boz Yaman
Published: May 2018

This study is a part of a large scale project in
which an action research design is used to teach proof to 11th grade
students. This part of the project aims to identify students’ comprehension
level through five proof comprehension tests developed by the researchers based
on the National Geometry Curriculum. Data were analyzed by considering the
framework of Yang and Lin’s (2008) multilevel model. Results showed none of the
students were successful at the most sophisticated level of the proof
comprehension tests which requires conducting a proof in various ways or
proving different theorems by using the same proof methods. Moreover, the highest
proof comprehension was obtained from the level containing knowledge about
definition, properties, and meanings of symbols. Achievement and comprehension
decreased for components of a proof needing higher level mathematical skills.
Based on the study’s results, suggestions about teaching proof are provided.
External Request Modifications in Yemeni Arabic as Used by Male-Male and Male-Female Interactions
Authors: Al-Marrani Yahya Mohammed
Published: May 2018

The current study explores the types and frequency of external request modifications in Yemeni Arabic as produced by male speakers the study participants were 336 undergraduate students (168 male participants and 168 female participants) from Sana’a University, aged 20-23. All of the participants are relatively homogeneous in terms of their cultural background. The data were collected by using Discourse Completion Test (DCT).The analysis of the data is based on Blum-Kulka et al’s (1989) CCSARP (Cross Cultural Speech Act Realization Project) coding scheme. The results of the study showed that the male speakers generally showed greater use of external request modification to mitigate their requests. Seven external request modifications were identified in the data of the present study in M-M, M-F interactions. However, in M-M interactions, the number of external request modifications, which were identified in the data, was 2006. On the other hand, in M-F interactions the number of external request modification was 2016. The results revealed that Yemeni males showed greater use of the external request modification when interacting with females more than to males.
Learner Autonomy: Gender-Based Perception Among EFL Indonesian Students
Authors: Mardjuki Moch. Said
Published: May 2018

Learner autonomy is believed to be the contributing factor toward the students’ successful learning process. However, its implementation in Indonesia still faces some challenges regarding students’ readiness and competencies in realizing such concept. Thus, this study is aimed to investigate gender-based perceptions and attitudes among EFL Indonesian students on learner autonomy. Qualitative design in which four out of twenty respondents were selected purposively under the rationale that they demonstrated positive evidences reflected to the preliminary questionnaire results. Using semi-structured interview, the findings indicated no gender-based discrepancy in terms of learning experiences and challenges. Although individual tasks were preferred by both groups, problem-solving strategies differ in which females employed internal strategies (rescheduling and self-commitment), while males employed external strategies (learning sources and collaborative works). In conclusion, each of the autonomous learners has personal preference to deal with the encountered challenges. Further researches, thus, need to investigate the actual transparencies of their learning behavior through observation.
L2 Writing Proficiency and Mastery of Complex Sentence: A Study of Indonesian English Education Major University Students
Authors: Subekti Adaninggar Septi
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the extent of learners’ mastery of complex sentences in predicting L2 writing proficiency. This study used forty essays of ten students of English Education Department. It found that complex sentences became the most frequently written sentences in the analysed essays. The mean of their level of mastery was 57.58%, suggesting that their mastery in general was quite low. Furthermore, learners’ number of complex sentences did not have any significant relationship with L2 writing proficiency, r (40) = -.08, p > .05, but their level of mastery of complex sentences positively correlated with their writing proficiency, r (40) = .44, p < .01, suggesting that number of complex sentences regardless of grammaticality did not significantly correlate with L2 writing proficiency and only grammatically correct complex sentences, seen through learners’ mastery, had positive correlation with L2 writing proficiency. Furthermore, learners’ mastery of complex sentences could predict 19% of their writing proficiency, R2 = .19. From the results, implications and limitations of the study as well as suggestions on future studies were stated.Keywords: L2 writing proficiency, complex sentences, mastery
Point-of-use water chlorination among urban and rural households with under-five-year children: a comparative study in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Geremew Abraham , Mengistie Bezatu , Alemayehu Esayas , Lantagne Daniele Susan , Mellor Jonathan , Sahilu Geremew
Published: May 2018

Point-of-use water chlorination is one of the most effective means to prevent diarrhea in under-five children although challenges remain in its adoption and effective use. In Ethiopia, evidence of point-of-use water chlorination among households with under-five children in rural and urban settings that is verified with water testing is scarce. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among urban and rural households with under-five child in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Eastern Ethiopia from June to August, 2016. Data were collected from a caregiver of systematically selected households and analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. A total of 1,912 households were included in the analysis with a 96.5% response rate. In rural areas, 4.6% of caregivers were reportedly chlorinating water at point-of-use and 1.2% were confirmed with free residual chlorine. In urban areas, 17.1% of caregivers were reportedly chlorinating water and 6.6% were confirmed to have free residual chlorine. In two settings, caregivers' point-of-use water chlorination was associated with chlorine taste and water quality perception. Inaccessibility to treatment products in rural areas and use of bottled water in urban areas were among the reasons to discontinue point-of-use water chlorination. Behavior changing interventions with proper distribution and marketing is needed for sustainable point-of-use chlorination.
Pressure drop test as a hydroinformatic tool for preliminary network topology validation
Authors: Milašinović M. , Prodanović D. , Stanić M.
Published: May 2018

Usage of the appropriate model of water distribution systems (WDS) enables easier everyday operations and management decisions. Creating a reliable model of WDS requires a large amount of system response data for different case scenarios. Commonly used software for creating models of WDS is EpaNet. Ongoing processes in WDS, such as pipe bursts, permanently closed valves which are not registered in the data base and other inconsistencies will change WDS network topology, so WDS validation tests are to be applied from time to time. This paper presents the WDS network topology validation test conducted on one district metered area of Belgrade with two inflows. The pressure drop test combined with genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization are simple hydroinformatic tools available for network topology validation. The system's reaction under a pressure change during the isolation test was measured at two observation points. Obtained results are then compared with assumed WDS topology using 55 potential locations of inconsistencies in the EpaNet model. This step is repeated until a good enough match between results from the real system and the created model's version is obtained. Heuristic optimization algorithms are used for speeding up the process of finding a satisfactory match (unknown locations of inconsistencies) by minimizing or maximizing the defined criteria function.
Analysis of characteristic snow parameters and associated factors in a cold region in northeast China
Authors: Fu Qiang , Peng Li , Li Tianxiao , Cui Song , Liu Dong , Yan Peiru , Chen Hongguang
Published: May 2018

Snow characteristics were measured in the comprehensive experimental field and the results of a detailed analysis of physical snow properties indicated that snowpack characteristics are affected by a variety of climate parameters. The average liquid water content of snow increased from 0.5% to 3.5%. The bottom snow layer exhibited larger parameter variations than those in the surface and middle layers. The average snow porosity was 72.3% for the entire snowpack, and the changing rate of porosity ranged from 4% to 19% during the accumulation period and from 7% to 25% during the snowmelt period. The porosity of the bottom layer displayed the fastest decline and the largest range. The air temperature, snow temperature and solar radiation showed significant positive correlations with the liquid water content of the snow, and the calculated correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. In addition, relative humidity and temperature were negatively correlated. All meteorological factors studied affected the melting capacity of snow to varying degrees. This study included the design and implementation of snow experiments on bare land under natural conditions as well as measurements of snow parameters in detailed snowpack layers and explained the characteristics of snow parameters combined with meteorological factors.
Modulation of transient pressure by an air pocket in a horizontal pipe with an end orifice
Authors: Li Lin , Zhu David Z.
Published: May 2018

In urban drainage systems, a sudden increase in the flow rate can cause the transition of the flow from open channel to pipe flow, and the entrapment of large air pockets in sewers, which might result in serious geysers and water-hammer like pressure events. This paper presents a numerical analysis of flow processes associated with the pressurization and release of an air pocket in order to study its influence on transient pressure in a horizontal pipe with an end orifice. The influence of the air pocket inside the pipe on the peak pressure can be described in two distinct regimes. In regime I for the pipe with a small orifice, the peak pressure is modulated by the pressurization and expansion of the air pocket and its subsequent damping. In regime II for the pipe with a large orifice, air can be quickly expelled, and the water column directly impinges on the pipe end wall and causes water-hammer like pressure. With the increase of the orifice size, the peak pressure decreases due to the change in the water velocity. In the study cases, the peak pressure in regime I is about two times the inlet pressure, while it can be more than forty times in regime II.
Objects, Histories and Encounters
Authors: Albuquerque Sara
Published: May 2018

Balata or bullet tree of Guiana was known as one of the finest forest trees of British Guiana. This paper is based on reports from the 19th and 20th centuries (mainly from George Jenman and Everard im Thurn), publications, newspapers, and correspondence on British Guiana’s balata, a rubber-like material. These references were cross-referenced with objects related to balata that are now preserved at the collection of Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, as well as with contemporary reports from Guyanese Amerindian. By doing this, a more precise image of this less known rubber material from Guyana came forth, as well as the issues and histories behind it, namely the cross-cultural encounters, the objects significance and their context, and how the colony was managed. Despite the fact that balata was seen, during the last years of the 19th century, as an alternative commodity and a possible answer to the sugar crisis, not much was done to improve its trade.
As Expedições Naturalistas e Cartográficas e as Práticas Científicas no Brasil do Século XVIII
Authors: Elias Simone Santana R. , Martins Décio Ruivo , Moreira Ildeu De Castro
Published: May 2018

Com a chegada dos europeus ao Novo Mundo, os relatos dos primeiros exploradores e aventureiros, entre os séculos XVI e XVII, colaboraram de forma efetiva para o reconhecimento e dominação das colônias ali instaladas. Apenas no século XVIII, as viagens exploratórias ao Brasil, inspiradas pelo iluminismo europeu, receberam viés científico mais acentuado e sistemático, com o objetivo de identificar novas potencialidades econômicas para Portugal. A história cartográfica e a riqueza natural da América Portuguesa estava para ser revelada cientificamente, atendendo aos interesses imperiais, contando com o conhecimento dos jovens luso-brasileiros letrados na Europa que trabalharam como homens do Estado em sua terra natal. No presente trabalho, percorremos algumas das principais expedições realizadas no Brasil durante o século XVIII, com a perspectiva de identificar as práticas científicas que as permeavam, seus objetivos e resultados. Algumas cartas e documentos, localizados em arquivos portugueses, contribuíram para trazer novos elementos a este estudo.
Espécies da Flora Brasileira e seus Usos no Século XIX em ‘Plantas Usuais dos Brasileiros’, de Auguste de Saint-Hilaire
Authors: Lamim-Guedes Valdir
Published: May 2018

Neste trabalho analisamos a descrição de várias espécies nativas e seus usos contidos na obra Plantas Usuais dos Brasileiros, do viajante naturalista francês Auguste de Saint-Hilaire (1779-1853), publicada em francês em 1824 e em português apenas em 2009. Realizou-se a compilação dos comentários feitos por Saint-Hilaire na obra Plantas Usuais dos Brasileiros, tendo com isto aspectos que retratam a visão que o naturalista teve do Brasil entre os anos de 1816 e 1822. Foram identificados comentários sobre as potencialidades locais, novos usos das plantas e sobre a situação socioambiental do território.
Moralizing Commerce on the Frontier
Authors: Wilcox Robert W.
Published: May 2018

Beginning in the late nineteenth century a promising ranching sector developed on the Mato Grosso frontier with Paraguay. The most lucrative markets for cattle products were in neighboring Paraguay, Uruguay, and in the southeast of Brazil. For the most part markets were distant from the region of production, while fiscal revenues were always limited, hence the state attempted to impose its regulations and taxes as it could. Residents found their incomes were constrained at the best of times, and any “outside” impositions were simply obstacles to the prosperity of their communities and businesses. The result was that like similar regions across the globe cattle and cattle product smuggling became normal. The profits were significant enough that even local government officials were involved. The result was a long-running “battle” between the state and local producers to tap the potential promised by ranching that simultaneously promoted and inhibited the development of the region. This article explores these contradictory aspects of ranching settlement along the Brazil-Paraguay border.
Dutra e Silva S 2017. No Oeste, a terra e o céu: a expansão da fronteira agrícola no Brasil Central. Mauad X, Rio de Janeiro, 304 pp.
Authors: Kohlhepp Gerd
Published: May 2018

As históricas da expansão das frentes pioneiras, sobretudo no Estado de São Paulo e no Norte do Paraná, bem como nas atuais fronteiras de ocupação na Amazônia, já haviam sido objeto de importantes estudos científicos. Agora, o historiador Sandro Dutra e Silva apresenta de forma expressiva um livro sobre a expansão da fronteira agrícola no Cerrado e na região de floresta tropical conhecida historicamente como “Mato Grosso de Goiás” no período dos anos 1930 até 1950. Sob o ponto de vista da história ambiental, as pesquisas analisam a ocupação da paisagem natural do Planalto Central e os diversos ciclos da expansão da fronteira agrícola nas três décadas antes da fundação de Brasília, capital federal do Brasil.
Viagem aos 200 Anos dos Relatos de Viajantes Europeus sobre Meia Ponte/GO
Authors: Curado João Guilherme da Trindade
Published: May 2018

Em 1819 dois viajantes europeus, o austríaco Johann Emanuel Pohl e o francês Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, passaram por Meia Ponte registrando observações sobre o antigo arraial. Disponibilizaram informações que compuseram as obras denominadas “Viagens”: relatórios oficiais que contemplam descrições acerca das inúmeras localidades visitadas no Brasil por eles. Objetiva-se investigar as relações entre a História, a Ciência e a Natureza meiaponteses tendo as narrativas dos viajantes mencionados como diretriz. Metodologicamente a análise bibliográfica envolve os dois viajantes e autores diversos que analisaram as duas obras referenciais, buscando análise comparativa entre Meia Ponte (1819) e Pirenópolis (2018).
“Comissários Inteligentes” na Amazônia Colonial
Authors: Kettle Wesley Oliveira
Published: May 2018

As monarquias ibéricas, a partir da assinatura do Tratado de Madri em 1750, contrataram e enviaram para a Amazônia homens de ciência capazes de realizar os trabalhos de demarcação dos limites entre as possessões de Espanha e Portugal. Os relatos elaborados por eles se constituem como um importante conjunto documental para a história da ciência na Amazônia colonial. Dessas fontes, selecionamos os trabalhos de Ignácio Szentmartonyi e João Ângelo Brunelli, astrônomos membros da Comissão Demarcadora, para analisarmos como esses personagens descreveram a natureza utilizando à linguagem científica, participando da rede de informações sobre os territórios de conquista do Império Ultramarino português.
A Permuta de Periódicos Científicos e a Difusão do Conhecimento Científico Científicos e a Difusão do Conhecimento Botânico
Authors: Dias da Silva Ana Margarida , Gouveia António Carmo
Published: May 2018

Em 1880 Júlio Augusto Henriques, diretor do Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra (UC) (1873-1918), funda a Sociedade Broteriana, cujo fim era o estudo da flora portuguesa, e em 1883 cria o Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, que divulgava as pesquisas realizadas no Jardim e Instituto Botânico da UC e artigos de botânica de investigadores nacionais e estrangeiros. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é perceber que publicações periódicas científicas entraram nas permutas com a 1ª série do Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (1883-1920) e contribuíram para a construção da biblioteca de botânica da UC. Das 301 publicações periódicas entradas por permuta, 79% eram revistas estrangeiras. Conclui-se que o sistema de permutas com outras revistas da especialidade, nacionais e estrangeiras, foi preponderante para o crescimento da biblioteca de botânica e para a atualização científica dos temas botânicos na Universidade de Coimbra.
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS GESTORES SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA RELATIVA DE COMPETÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS NAS PMES NO MUNICÍPIO DE FORTALEZA-CE
Authors: Saraiva Lucas Gurgel Mota , Bezerra Francisco Antônio , Beiruth Aziz Xavier
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo medir o grau de importância das competências contábeis em relação aos demais fatores de destaque na gestão de micro e pequenas empresas do setor de serviços no Município de Fortaleza-CE. Este trabalho procurou, também, mensurar o nível de utilização da informação contábil por parte dos gestores. Os resultados foram relatados através de análises descritiva e exploratória, demonstrando os aspectos das empresas, os problemas vivenciados pelas PMEs, as habilidades da contabilidade e a sua utilização no processo da tomada de decisão, as habilidades de gestão financeira, a alteração da performance das PMEs, a utilização da gestão nas atividades operacionais e a utilização das competências necessárias para o desenvolvimento das PMEs. Para a realização da pesquisa foi aplicado um questionário em 96 empresas situadas no município de Fortaleza-CE. Para apoiar a análise dos dados foram realizados testes estatísticos (qui-quadrado) em relação à faixa etária, à formação escolar e ao tempo de atuação do gestor nas PMEs. A pesquisa concluiu que o gerenciamento da empresa está relacionado ao tempo de atuação do gestor em PMEs e ao seu nível de escolaridade.Palavras-Chave: Pequena e Média Empresa. Competências Contábeis. Gestor.
ANÁLISE DE EVIDÊNCIAS PRÓ VALOR JUSTO NA NOVA ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL DA CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Zanolla Ercilio , Antunes Gustavo Amorim
Published: May 2018

Este estudo busca evidências pró valor justo e consequente informações mais úteis, principalmente aos investidores, da nova Estrutura Conceitual da Contabilidade – ECC que está em processo de revisão pelo Internacional Accounting Standard Board – IASB, Exposure Draft - ED/2015/3.  O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, e por meio de análise de conteúdo compara e descreve a nova ECC com as estruturas anteriores do FASB, IASB, Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis – CPC e Conselho Federal de Contabilidade – CFC. Os resultados indicam tendências pró valor justo, especialmente, na definição dos objetivos e usuários e na reestruturação e semântica das características qualitativas das informações. Nesse sentido, identificou-se quatro principais aspectos: i) ênfase no fluxo de caixa futuro; ii) foco ao mercado de capitais; iii) perda de status da verificabilidade; e iv) retirada do critério de ‘realização provável’ da definição de ativo e convertido em um aspecto de mensuração. No Brasil, o CPC substitui seu pronunciamento básico pela nova ECC e as Resoluções nº 750/1993 e nº 1.282/2010 foram revogadas pela NBC TSP ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL de 23/09/2016 do CFC por confrontar as novas concepções da ECC. Os achados do estudo contribuem para melhor compreender a ECC e suas finalidades.Palavras-chave: Convergência contábil. Estrutura conceitual. Valor justo. Teoria da contabilidade. Normas internacionais.
Relevance of Follow-Up in Patients with Core Clinical Criteria for Alzheimer Disease and Normal CSF Biomarkers
Authors: Vercruysse Olivier , Paquet Claire , Gabelle Audrey , Delbeuck Xavier , Blanc Frederic , Wallon David , Dumurgier Julien , Magnin Eloi , Martinaud Olivier , Jung Barbara , Bousiges Olivier , Lehmann Sylvain , Delaby Constance , Quillard-Murain Muriel , Peoc`h Katell , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Hannequin Didier , Sablonniere Bernard , Buee Luc , Hugon Jacques , Schraen Susanna , Pasquier Florence , Bombois Stephanie , for the e-PLM group
Published: May 2018

Background:

Few patients with a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile fulfill the
clinical criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of misdiagnoses for these patients.

Method:

Patients from the e-PLM centers fulfilling the core clinical criteria for probable AD dementia or mild
cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-MCI), with normal CSF Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau biomarkers and clinical
follow-up, were included. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed by an independent board, from baseline
(visit with clinical evaluation and CSF analysis) to the end of the follow-up, for a final diagnosis.

Results:

In the e-PLM cohort of 1098 AD patients with CSF analysis, 37 (3.3%) patients (20 with AD dementia
core clinical criteria and 17 with AD-MCI core clinical criteria) had normal CSF biomarker profile and a
clinical follow-up. All patients presented with episodic memory impairment and 27 (73%) had medial temporal
lobe atrophy on MRI-scan. After a median follow-up of 36 months (range 7-74), the final diagnosis was
AD MCI or dementia for 9 (24%) patients, and unlikely due to AD for 28 (76%) patients. A misdiagnosis was
corrected in 18 (49%) patients (mood disorders, non-AD degenerative dementia, vascular cognitive impairment,
alcohol cognitive disorders, temporal epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis), and 10 (27%) patients had
cognitive disorders of undetermined etiology.

Conclusion:

AD diagnosis (MCI or dementia) with normal CSF biomarkers is a rare condition. A clinical follow-
up is particularly recommended to consider an alternative diagnosis.
Performance Evaluation of Threshold-Based and k-means Clustering Algorithms Using Iris Dataset
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Sharma Rajendra Kumar , Singh Varinder Pal
Published: May 2018

Background:

Clustering is one of the data mining tools which classify the raw data reasonably
into disjoint clusters. Researchers have developed many algorithms to cluster large data sets based
on specific parameters.

Objective:

This study is centered around the popular partitioning-based technique, i.e., k-means. It requires
the number of clusters to be generated as an input parameter; it does not provide a global solution
of the problem; and it is sensitive to outliers and initial seed selection.

Methods:

In this paper, authors have discussed threshold-based clustering method, single pass method,
which overcomes the above limitations but it requires a threshold value as an input parameter. Other researchers’
work related to k-means published in patent form is noteworthy and paving path for the researchers.

Results:

To assess the quality of clustering, numerous validity measures and indices have been assessed
on the Iris dataset for both k-means and threshold-based clustering algorithms. It has been observed
from the experiments that threshold-based method generates more separated and compact clusters, in
addition, there is significant improvement in the validity indices.

Conclusion:

Threshold-based clustering generates the clusters automatically which are not sensitive to
initial seeds selection and outlier; it is more scalable. It will inevitably be an efficient approach of partitioning
based clustering whenever one will select the threshold value carefully or will propose new
functions for deciding the value of threshold.
Selectivity Modeling of Synthesis Gas Reaction over the Iron Catalyst and Optimization Products
Authors: Atashi Hossein , Veiskarami Somayyeh
Published: May 2018

Background:

Among all of the consumable energy, the liquid fuel is very important. The use of the various technologies to produce this expensive material will be increasing day by day.

Materials & Methods:

The Fischer-Tropsch Process is one of these technologies. In this catalytic process, a lot of products are produced, therefore, it is always steered to the production of favorable products. For this reason, in order to predict the performance of iron-based catalysts, based on the three factors;pressure, temperature and H2/CO ratio, the selectivity models for the products were obtained. Then, the best possible conditions for the highest production of hydrocarbons were calculated which are used in the designing of engineering equipment.

Result & Conclusion:

The optimal condition for the maximum production of total hydrocarbons achieved was set as P=1 MPa, H2/CO=1, and T=542 K.
Oral Ketorolac with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Sridharan Kannan
Published: May 2018

Background:

Ketorolac has advantages over other analgesics as a pre-anaesthetic medication. Considering this in mind, the present meta-analysis aims to identify the effect of oral ketorolac premedication on the anaesthetic efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Methods:

Full-texts of eligible studies were obtained from electronic databases. The extracted data was analysed using non-Cochrane mode in RevMan 5.0 software. Relative risk [95% CI] was calculated for the success of IANB.

Results:

Four studies were included for the final review. The success rate of IANB on 221 patients with relative risk of 1.87 [1.36, 2.56] was statistically significant favouring ketorolac. The mean difference for VAS in 171 patients was not statistically significant {-13.55 [-33.91, 6.82]}.

Conclusion:

Oral ketorolac can be successfully administered as a premedication before conventional inferior alveolar nerve block for endodontic treatment for irreversible pulpitis.
Short Dental Implants (≤7mm) Versus Longer Implants in Augmented Bone Area: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Uehara Priscila N. , Matsubara Victor Haruo , Igai Fernando , Sesma Newton , Mukai Marcio K. , Araujo Mauricio G.
Published: May 2018

Aim:

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the survival rate and the marginal bone loss between short implants (≤7 mm) placed in the atrophic area and longer implants placed in the augmented bone area of posterior regions of maxillaries.

Methods:

Electronic search using three databases was performed up to May 2017 to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) assessing short implants survival with a minimal follow-up of 12 months post-loading. For the meta-analysis, a Risk Difference (RD) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to pool the results of implant failure rate for each treatment group. For the marginal bone changes, Mean Differences (MD) with 95% CI were calculated.

Results:

Seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, being included in qualitative and quantitative analyses. The RD between the short implant group and the control group was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.00), I2=0 and Chi2=3.14, indicating a favorable survival rate for short implant, but with no statistical significance (p=0.09).

Discussion:

For marginal bone loss, the mean difference was -0,13 (95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), favoring the test group with statistical significance (p=0.002). The studies showed more heterogeneity for bone loss compared to survival rate. Short and longer implants showed similar survival rates after one year of loading, however the marginal bone loss around short implants was lower than in longer implants sites.

Conclusion:

Placement of implants ≤7 mm of length was found to be a predictable alternative for the rehabilitation of atrophic posterior regions, avoiding all the disadvantages intrinsic to bone augmentation procedures.
Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data for Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Case Study in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Rosado Keren , Chiao Sen
Published: May 2018

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) sounding data (i.e., Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate; COSMIC) for Tropical Cyclogenesis (TC-genesis) research.

Methods:

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model and the WRF data assimilation system (i.e., WRF 3DVAR) were employed to simulate Tropical Depression- 8 (TD8) 2006. A noteworthy feature about TD8-genesis was that Saharan dust outbreak was also observed during this period, which made this event more sophisticated. The time frame to be focused on was from 1200 UTC September 09 to 1200 UTC September 12, 2006. The level 2 wetPrf COSMIC data was adopted in this research. A 72-hour integration wasperformed with initial and time-dependent lateral boundary conditions derived from the NCEP final analysis data (FNL). A 2-domain nested simulation was configured with 30 km, and10 km horizontal resolutions, respectively.

Results:

Simulation results from all the experiments performed with different RO soundings combination showed that the RO sounding 8 has the greatest significant impact on TD8 simulation.

Conclusion:

Elevation, time, and location are the parameters that made RO sounding 8 the most treasured sounding to analyze TD8.
Relative Proportion Of Different Types Of Refractive Errors In Subjects Seeking Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Althomali Talal A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Refractive errors are a form of optical defect affecting more than 2.3 billion people worldwide. As refractive errors are a major contributor of mild to moderate vision impairment, assessment of their relative proportion would be helpful in the strategic planning of health programs.

Purpose:

To determine the pattern of the relative proportion of types of refractive errors among the adult candidates seeking laser assisted refractive correction in a private clinic setting in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

The clinical charts of 687 patients (1374 eyes) with mean age 27.6 ± 7.5 years who desired laser vision correction and underwent a pre-LASIK work-up were reviewed retrospectively. Refractive errors were classified as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was applied to define refractive errors.

Outcome Measures:

Distribution percentage of different types of refractive errors; myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

Results:

The mean spherical equivalent for 1374 eyes was -3.11 ± 2.88 D. Of the total 1374 eyes, 91.8% (n = 1262) eyes had myopia, 4.7% (n = 65) eyes had hyperopia and 3.4% (n = 47) had emmetropia with astigmatism. Distribution percentage of astigmatism (cylinder error of ≥ 0.50 D) was 78.5% (1078/1374 eyes); of which % 69.1% (994/1374) had low to moderate astigmatism and 9.4% (129/1374) had high astigmatism.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Of the adult candidates seeking laser refractive correction in a private setting in Saudi Arabia, myopia represented greatest burden with more than 90% myopic eyes, compared to hyperopia in nearly 5% eyes. Astigmatism was present in more than 78% eyes.
Clinical, Immunological and Virological Responses of Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine versus Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Efavirenz Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Among HIV-1 Infected Children: Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, South-East Ethiopia
Authors: Sorsa Abebe
Published: May 2018

Background:

Antiretroviral Therapy(ART) remarkably reduced HIV-1 infection-related mortality in children. The efficacy and safety of different ART regimen in pediatric age groups remained issues of debates and available evidence were scarce especially among children taking the of one the two prototypes (NVP or EFV) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor(NNRTI) as backbone of ART regimen.

Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare clinical, immunological and virological responses of zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (AZT+3TC+ NVP)versuszidovudine-lamivudine-efavirenz (AZT+3TC+EFV) ART regimen among HIV-1 infected children.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was done by reviewing medical records of the patients to evaluate clinical, immunological and virological outcomes of NVP+AZT+3TCversusEFV+AZT+3TC ART regimen among HIV-1 infected children. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7.2.2 for clean up and exported to SPSS version 17 for analysis. Paired and Independent t-tests were used to compare the CD4 cell count, weight and virologic level at six months with corresponding baseline value; and the mean weight, CD4 gain and viral suppression across the two ART regimens at six months of ART respectively.

Results:

Medical records of 122 patients from NVP-based regimen and 61 patients from EFV group were reviewed. After six months of NVP+AZT+3TC treatment, the mean CD4 cell count difference from baseline was 215(95% CI, 175.414-245.613, p<0.001). From EFV+AZT+3TC group, the mean CD4 cell count difference from baseline was 205(95% CI 155.404-235.623, p< 0.001). The mean CD4 count difference between the two regimens was comparable (p 0.145). Similarly, optimal viral suppression was achieved in 82% (100/122) of NVP+AZT+3TC regimen and 83% (44/61) of EFV+AZT+3TC regimen which was still comparable across the two groups.

Conclusion:

There was no difference in clinical, immunological and virological outcomes among patients taking NVP+AZT+3TC or EFV+AZT+3TC ART regimen.
The Prevalence of Hand Eczema and Its Determinants Among Female Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Hajaghazadeh Mohammad , Jafari Abbas , Jafari Shole , Hekmatirad Shirin , Didarloo Alireza
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Female hairdressers are exposed to various chemicals in their occupation which may lead to skin problems such as hand eczema.This study aimed to determine the one-year prevalence of hand eczema and its risk factors in a sample of Northwest Iranian female hairdressers in 2015.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional investigation in which 385 female hairdressers and 385 women from general population were selected as case and control, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema was obtained by Nordic occupationl skin questionnaireusing face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software version 19).

Results:

The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of hairdressers were 33.16 ± 7.2 and 8.72 ± 5.7 years, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema in hairdressers and control group were 27.8% (95%CI=23.22 -32.22) and 13.2% (95%CI=9.02-15.58), respectively. The Odds Ratio (OR) for hand eczema in the hairdressers was 2.52 (95%CI=1.72-3.64), compared to the control group as the reference. Using logistic regression analysis smoking habit [OR=3.44 (95%CI=1.73-6.85)],age less than 30 years [OR=1.76 (95%CI=1.04-2.96)] and working experience less than10 years [OR=3.14 (95%CI=1.63-6.04)]were independent risk factors for reporting one-year prevalence of hand eczema

Conclusion:

Female hairdressers were more likely to be at risk of developing hand eczema compared to general population. Smoking habit, younger age, and less work experience were the significant risk factors of hand eczema in hairdressers. Occupational health interventions should consider these factors in the control of hand eczema in hairdressers.
Use of E-Resources in higher education: Advantages and Concerns
Authors: Dayakar G.
Published: May 2018

Higher education system has grown exponentially in the last five educational systems. E-resources have a prominent role to play in supporting higher education and in fulfilling educational objectives. It, however, creates some tensions among parents and teachers. With the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of e-resources in higher education is becoming more and more important and its importance will continue to grow and develop in the 21st century. Thus, the paper aims to examine the advantages of e-resources in higher education and to identify the various concerns related to e-resources.
Effective oral and written communication
Authors: Prabavathi R. , Nagasubramani P. C.
Published: May 2018

People communicate using different methods such as sending an email, talking on the phone and placing print advertisements in specific places. Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between two people, a person and a group or a group to a group. Written and oral communication is used daily in meetings, lecture halls and exams. Written and oral communication are unique in that each word used must have specific purpose, otherwise it can lead to misunderstandings. Over 70% of our time is spent communicating with others, and that’s the one interaction every person must do. Everyone must communicate their needs and ideas. Every organization must communicate its products and services. Unfortunately, many people have trouble in this area. Some just don’t have the professional impact they need to get ahead in today’s corporate world. Communication is technically defined as the process in which information is enclosed in a package and imparted from the sender to the receiver through a medium. Communication can be of many types and can be summarized in short as WOVEN, i.e. Written, Oral, Verbal, Electronic and Non-Verbal. Oral and written forms of communication are the most common and frequently used forms of communication. This article is a consolidation of details so as to help you understand in detail about oral and written forms of communication.