bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer after expanding the National Cancer Screening Program to younger women in Korea
Authors: Kim Woorim , Chun Sungyoun , Lee Sang Ah
Published: April 2023

The National Cancer Screening Program of South Korea for cervical cancer was expanded from women aged ≥30 years to women aged ≥20 years in 2016. This study investigated the effect of this policy on occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer in women in their twenties. The National Health Information Database for the years 2012–19 was used. The outcome measures were monthly occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, cervical carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to investigate whether the number of occurrences changed after policy implementation. For cervical dysplasia, a pre-intervention decreasing trend of 0.3243 per month (P-value < .0001) was found. The post-intervention trend did not differ significantly, although the slope increased at a rate of 0.4622 per month (P-value < .0001). For carcinoma in situ, a trend of increase at 0.0128 per month (P-value = .0099) was seen before policy implementation. The post-intervention trend did not escalate, but the slope showed an increasing trend of 0.0217 per month (P-value < .0001). For cervical cancer, no significant trend was present before intervention. Occurrences of cervical cancer escalated at a rate of 0.0406 per month (P-value < .0001) after policy implementation, and the slope also showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.0394 per month (P-value < .0001). Expanding the target population for cervical cancer screening increased detection rates for cervical cancer in women aged between 20 and 29 years.
Enhanced meat chicken productivity in response to the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 is associated with the enrichment of microbial amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Bajagai Yadav Sharma , Yeoh Yun Kit , Li Xiuhua , Zhang Dagong , Dennis Paul G , Ouwerkerk Diane , Dart Peter J , Klieve Athol V , Bryden Wayne L
Published: April 2023

Aims

Sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in animal diets has either been banned or voluntarily withdrawn from use in many countries to help curb the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Probiotics may be an alternative to antibiotics as a growth promoter. We investigated the effects of a novel probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 (H57) on the performance and microbiome-associated metabolic potential.

Methods and Results

Broiler chickens were fed either sorghum- or wheat-based diets supplemented with the probiotic H57. The growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion in supplemented birds were compared with those in non-supplemented control. Caecal microbial metabolic functions were studied with shotgun metagenomic sequencing. H57 supplementation significantly increased the growth rate and daily feed intake of meat chickens relative to the non-supplemented controls without any effect on feed conversion ratio. In addition, relative to the non-supplemented controls, gene-centric metagenomics revealed that H57 significantly altered the functional capacity of the caecal microbiome, with amino acid and vitamin synthesis pathways being positively associated with H57 supplementation.

Conclusions

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 improves the performance of meat chickens or broilers and significantly modifies the functional potential of their caecal microbiomes, with enhanced potential capacity for amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis.
Evaluation of stormwater microbiomes for the potential biodegradation of tire wear particle contaminants
Authors: Saifur Sumaiya , Gardner Courtney M
Published: April 2023

Aim

Stormwater is a major source of many contaminants of emerging concern, which can be toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This project aimed to identify novel biodegraders of toxic tire wear particle (TWP) contaminants associated with coho salmon mortality.

Methods and results

This study has (i) characterized the prokaryotic communities of stormwater in both urban and rural settings; (ii) evaluated the ability of stormwater isolates to degrade two model TWP contaminants, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine and 1,3-diphenylguanidine; and (iii) evaluated the toxicological impact of these model contaminants on the growth of six model bacteria. Rural stormwater possessed a diverse microbiome dominated by Oxalobacteraceae, Microbacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae taxa, while urban stormwater showed much less microbial diversity overall. Additionally, multiple stormwater isolates appeared capable of using model TWP contaminants as their sole carbon source. Each model contaminant was also found to alter growth patterns of model environmental bacteria including, with 1,3-DPG appearing more acutely toxic at high concentrations.

Conclusion

This study identified several stormwater isolates that have the potential to be used as a sustainable solution to stormwater quality management.
Description of three new species of Dexosarcophaga (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from Brazil with new information on synonyms and filling gaps in species distribution
Authors: Santos Josenilson R , Gomes Marina M , Mulieri Pablo R , Mello-Patiu Cátia A
Published: April 2023

Three new species of DexosarcophagaTownsend, 1917 are described based on male specimens collected in Brazil, Dexosarcophaga sinoisp. nov., Dexosarcophaga autisferasp. nov., and Dexosarcophaga clavissp. nov. Male morphology is represented by photographs and detailed illustrations of terminalia. Dexosarcophaga carvalhoi (Lopes, 1980), Dexosarcophaga globulosaLopes, 1946, Dexosarcophaga limitata (Lopes, 1975), Dexosarcophaga paulistana (Lopes, 1982b), and Dexosarcophaga petraSantos, Pape and Mello-Patiu 2022 are recorded for the first time in Argentina. Also, Dexosarcophaga lenkoiLopes, 1968, Dexosarcophaga montana (Lopes, 1975), and Dexosarcophaga transitaTownsend, 1917 have their distribution expanded with new records. Dexosarcophaga transita is considered a senior synonym of Dexosarcophaga chaetosaBlanchard, 1939syn. nov., Dexosarcophaga itaquaDodge, 1966syn. nov., and Dexosarcophaga lopesiDodge, 1968syn. nov. With the addition of the new species and the new synonymies proposed, Dexosarcophaga now contains 58 species, of which 10 are recorded in Argentina and 35 in Brazil.
Transportation barriers, emergency room use, and mortality risk among US adults by cancer history
Authors: Jiang Changchuan , Yabroff K Robin , Deng Lei , Wang Qian , Perimbeti Stuthi , Shapiro Charles L , Han Xuesong
Published: April 2023

Background

Lack of safe, reliable, and affordable transportation is a barrier to medical care, but little is known about its association with clinical outcomes.

Methods

We identified 28 640 adults with and 470 024 adults without a cancer history from a nationally representative cohort (2000-2018 US National Health Interview Survey) and its linked mortality files with vital status through December 31, 2019. Transportation barriers were defined as delays in care because of lack of transportation. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations of transportation barriers with emergency room (ER) use and mortality risk, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, health insurance, comorbidities, functional limitations, and region.

Results

Of the adults, 2.8% (n = 988) and 1.7% (n = 9685) with and without a cancer history, respectively, reported transportation barriers; 7324 and 40 793 deaths occurred in adults with and without cancer history, respectively. Adults with a cancer history and transportation barriers, as compared with adults without a cancer history or transportation barriers, had the highest likelihood of ER use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34 to 3.27) and all-cause mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.94 to 2.68), followed by adults without a cancer history with transportation barriers (ER use aOR = 1.98, 95% CI =1.87 to 2.10; all-cause mortality aHR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.46 to 1.70) and adults with a cancer history but without transportation barriers (ER use aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.44; all-cause mortality aHR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.65).

Conclusion

Delayed care because of lack of transportation was associated with increased ER use and mortality risk among adults with and without cancer history. Cancer survivors with transportation barriers had the highest risk.
Association between self-medication with antibiotics and purchase of brand-name drugs: analysis of a national survey in Peru
Authors: Benites-Meza Jerry K , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Santillán-Rodríguez Arón A , Zumarán-Nuñez Carlos J , Barturén-Alvarado Luz C , Benites Zapata Vicente A
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To determine the association between self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) and purchase of brand-name drugs in Peru.

Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted using a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016. The exposure variable was self-medication (SM), which is defined as the purchase of drugs for self-administration without a medical prescription. The study outcome was the purchase of brand-name drugs (yes/no). Sociodemographic variables, such as health insurance and type of institution, were considered as confounders. To assess the association between SMA and the purchase of brand-name drugs, the crude prevalence ratios (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated with their confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI) using a Poisson-type generalized linear model and considering the complex survey design.

Key findings

A total of 1862 participants were analysed; 54.4% of the participants were women with a mean age of 39.3 years. The prevalence rate of SMA was 54.3%, whereas that of the purchase of brand-name drugs was 55.3%. The adjusted Poisson regression analysis showed an association between SMA and the purchase of brand-name drugs (aPR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18–1.37; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

It was found that 5 of 10 respondents SMA. Approximately 6 of 10 respondents that SMA used brand-name drugs. SMA is associated with a higher probability of purchasing brand-name drugs.
How can we transform travel medicine by leveraging on AI-powered search engines?
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Wei Wan In , Tsoi Margaret T F , Tang Arthur , Chan Michael W H , Ip Margaret , Li Kin-Kit , Wong Samuel Y S
Published: April 2023

A ChatGPT search engine with chatbot function offers travellers pre-, during and post-travel consultations. Users should critically evaluate information provided and assess source reliability. Integrating user feedback and reviews could enhance information quality. With responsible artificial intelligence (AI) development, leveraging travel medicine specialists’ expertise and AI-based search engines can transform travel medicine.
Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito
Authors: Bellone Rachel , Lechat Pierre , Mousson Laurence , Gilbart Valentine , Piorkowski Géraldine , Bohers Chloé , Merits Andres , Kornobis Etienne , Reveillaud Julie , Paupy Christophe , Vazeille Marie , Martinet Jean-Philippe , Madec Yoann , De Lamballerie Xavier , Dauga Catherine , Failloux Anna-Bella
Published: April 2023

Background

Climate change and globalization contribute to the expansion of mosquito vectors and their associated pathogens. Long spared, temperate regions have had to deal with the emergence of arboviruses traditionally confined to tropical regions. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Europe in 2007, causing a localized outbreak in Italy, which then recurred repeatedly over the years in other European localities. This raises the question of climate effects, particularly temperature, on the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms set up in the vector in response to temperature.

Methods

We combine three complementary approaches by examining Aedes albopictus mosquito gene expression (transcriptomics), bacterial flora (metagenomics) and CHIKV evolutionary dynamics (genomics) induced by viral infection and temperature changes.

Results

We show that temperature alters profoundly mosquito gene expression, bacterial microbiome and viral population diversity. We observe that (i) CHIKV infection upregulated most genes (mainly in immune and stress-related pathways) at 20°C but not at 28°C, (ii) CHIKV infection significantly increased the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens at 28°C and (iii) CHIKV evolutionary dynamics were different according to temperature.

Conclusion

The substantial changes detected in the vectorial system (the vector and its bacterial microbiota, and the arbovirus) lead to temperature-specific adjustments to reach the ultimate goal of arbovirus transmission; at 20°C and 28°C, the Asian tiger mosquito Ae. albopictus was able to transmit CHIKV at the same efficiency. Therefore, CHIKV is likely to continue its expansion in the northern regions and could become a public health problem in more countries than those already affected in Europe.
Characterization of the signalling pathways involved in the repression of root nitrate uptake by nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chaput Valentin , Li Jianfu , Séré David , Tillard Pascal , Fizames Cécile , Moyano Tomas , Zuo Kaijing , Martin Antoine , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A , Gojon Alain , Lejay Laurence
Published: April 2023

In Arabidopsis thaliana, root high-affinity nitrate (NO3–) uptake depends mainly on NRT2.1, 2.4, and 2.5, which are repressed by high NO3– supply at the transcript level. For NRT2.1, this regulation is due to the action of (i) feedback down-regulation by N metabolites and (ii) repression by NO3– itself mediated by the transceptor NRT1.1(NPF6.3). However, for NRT2.4 and NRT2.5, the signalling pathway(s) remain unknown as do the molecular elements involved. Here we show that unlike NRT2.1, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 are not induced in an NO3– reductase mutant but are up-regulated following replacement of NO3– by ammonium (NH4+) as the N source. Moreover, increasing the NO3– concentration in a mixed nutrient solution with constant NH4+ concentration results in a gradual repression of NRT2.4 and NRT2.5, which is suppressed in an nrt1.1 mutant. This indicates that NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 are subjected to repression by NRT1.1-mediated NO3– sensing, and not to feedback repression by reduced N metabolites. We further show that key regulators of NRT2 transporters, such as HHO1, HRS1, PP2C, LBD39, BT1, and BT2, are also regulated by NRT1.1-mediated NO3– sensing, and that several of them are involved in NO3– repression of NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5. Finally, we provide evidence that it is the phosphorylated form of NRT1.1 at the T101 residue, which is most active in triggering the NRT1.1-mediated NO3– regulation of all these genes. Altogether, these data led us to propose a regulatory model for high-affinity NO3– uptake in Arabidopsis, highlighting several NO3– transduction cascades downstream of the phosphorylated form of the NRT1.1 transceptor.
Epistemological Cognition in Husserl
Authors: Larsen Tarjei Mandt
Published: April 2023

What degree of justification should be required of epistemological cognition, the kind of cognition by which epistemological problems are to be solved? I consider the question by examining Husserl’s view of the matter. Challenging the current consensus, I argue that he is committed to the infallibility of epistemological cognition. I first present what he takes to be the leading problem of epistemology, which he designates as the ‘problem of transcendence’ or the problem of how ‘transcendent cognition’ is possible. I then give an account of what I call his Non-Transcendence Constraint, on which the problem cannot be solved by means of cognitions of the kind whose possibility it concerns, and so cannot be solved by means of transcendent cognition. Pointing out that he provides four specifications of the problem, I go on to argue that on the most fundamental of these it concerns the general possibility of fallible cognition. By the Non-Transcendence Constraint, however, this entails that the problem of transcendence cannot be solved by means of fallible cognition. I conclude that central aspects of Husserl’s metaepistemology commit him to the infallibility of epistemological cognition, at least as far as solving the supposedly leading problem of epistemology is concerned.
The collapse of atomically cooled primordial haloes – I. High Lyman–Werner backgrounds
Authors: Patrick Samuel J , Whalen Daniel J , Latif Muhammed A , Elford Jacob S
Published: April 2023

Pristine, atomically cooled haloes may be the sites of primordial quasar formation because atomic cooling triggers rapid baryon collapse that can create 104–105 M⊙ black hole seeds. However, no numerical simulation has ever followed the collapse of these haloes for the times required to form supermassive stars and direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs). We have now modelled baryon collapse in atomically cooled haloes with a wide range of spin parameters and assembly histories for times that are sufficient for DCBH formation. Fragmentation of accretion discs after ∼500 kyr is nearly ubiquitous in these haloes and in most cases leads to the formation of binary or multiple supermassive stellar systems. They also confirm that rapid baryon collapse proceeds for the times required for these stars to form DCBHs. Our simulations suggest that binary or even multiple DCBH formation was the rule rather than the exception in the primordial Universe.
The magnetic field and multiple planets of the young dwarf AU Mic
Authors: Donati J-F , Cristofari P I , Finociety B , Klein B , Moutou C , Gaidos E , Cadieux C , Artigau E , Correia A C M , Boué G , Cook N J , Carmona A , Lehmann L T , Bouvier J , Martioli E , Morin J , Fouqué P , Delfosse X , Doyon R , Hébrard G , Alencar S H P , Laskar J , Arnold L , Petit P , Kóspál Á , Vidotto A , Folsom C P , collaboration the S L S
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we present an analysis of near-infrared spectropolarimetric and velocimetric data of the young M dwarf AU Mic, collected with SPIRou at the Canada–France–Hawaii telescope from 2019 to 2022, mostly within the SPIRou Legacy Survey. With these data, we study the large- and small-scale magnetic field of AU Mic, detected through the unpolarized and circularly polarized Zeeman signatures of spectral lines. We find that both are modulated with the stellar rotation period (4.86 d), and evolve on a time-scale of months under differential rotation and intrinsic variability. The small-scale field, estimated from the broadening of spectral lines, reaches 2.61 ± 0.05 kG. The large-scale field, inferred with Zeeman–Doppler imaging from Least-Squares Deconvolved profiles of circularly polarized and unpolarized spectral lines, is mostly poloidal and axisymmetric, with an average intensity of 550 ± 30 G. We also find that surface differential rotation, as derived from the large-scale field, is ≃30 per cent weaker than that of the Sun. We detect the radial velocity (RV) signatures of transiting planets b and c, although dwarfed by activity, and put an upper limit on that of candidate planet d, putatively causing the transit-timing variations of b and c. We also report the detection of the RV signature of a new candidate planet (e) orbiting further out with a period of 33.39 ± 0.10 d, i.e. near the 4:1 resonance with b. The RV signature of e is detected at 6.5σ while those of b and c show up at ≃4σ, yielding masses of $10.2^{+3.9}_{-2.7}$ and $14.2^{+4.8}_{-3.5}$ M⊕ for b and c, and a minimum mass of $35.2^{+6.7}_{-5.4}$ M⊕ for e.
RNA fusion transcript panel identifies diverse repertoire of fusions in adult glioma patients with therapeutic implications
Authors: Kothari Shawn , Dusenbery Anna C , Doucette Abigail , Zhang Daniel Y , Ballinger Dominique , Desai Arati , Morrissette Jennifer J D , Bagley Stephen J , Nasrallah MacLean P
Published: April 2023

Background

Recurrent gliomas are therapeutically challenging diseases with few treatment options available. One area of potential therapeutic vulnerability is the presence of targetable oncogenic fusion proteins.

Methods

To better understand the clinical benefit of routinely testing for fusion proteins in adult glioma patients, we performed a retrospective review of 647 adult patients with glioma who underwent surgical resection at our center between August 2017 and May 2021 and whose tumors were analyzed with an in-house fusion transcript panel.

Results

Fifty-two patients (8%) were found to harbor a potentially targetable fusion with 11 (21%) of these patients receiving treatment with a fusion-targeted inhibitor. The targetable genes found to be involved in a fusion included FGFR3, MET, EGFR, NTRK1, NTRK2, BRAF, ROS1, and PIK3CA.

Conclusions

This analysis demonstrates that routine clinical testing for gene fusions identifies a diverse repertoire of potential therapeutic targets in adult patients with glioma and can offer rational therapeutic options for patients with recurrent disease.
Non-centrosymmetric topological phase probed by non-linear Hall effect
Authors: Wang Naizhou , You Jing-Yang , Wang Aifeng , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zhaowei , Lai Shen , Feng Yuan-Ping , Lin Hsin , Chang Guoqing , Gao Wei-bo
Published: April 2023

Non-centrosymmetric topological material has attracted intense attention due to its superior characteristics as compared with the centrosymmetric one, although probing the local quantum geometry in non-centrosymmetric topological material remains challenging. The non-linear Hall (NLH) effect provides an ideal tool to investigate the local quantum geometry. Here, we report a non-centrosymmetric topological phase in ZrTe5, probed by using the NLH effect. The angle-resolved and temperature-dependent NLH measurement reveals the inversion and ab-plane mirror symmetries breaking at <30 K, consistently with our theoretical calculation. Our findings identify a new non-centrosymmetric phase of ZrTe5 and provide a platform to probe and control local quantum geometry via crystal symmetries.
The heterogeneity–diversity–system performance nexus
Authors: Eisenhauer Nico , Angst Gerrit , Asato Ana E B , Beugnon Rémy , Bönisch Elisabeth , Cesarz Simone , Dietrich Peter , Jurburg Stephanie D , Madaj Anna-Maria , Reuben Rine C , Ristok Christian , Sünnemann Marie , Yi Huimin , Guerra Carlos A , Hines Jes
Published: April 2023

Ever-growing human population and nutritional demands, supply chain disruptions, and advancing climate change have led to the realization that changes in diversity and system performance are intimately linked. Moreover, diversity and system performance depend on heterogeneity. Mitigating changes in system performance and promoting sustainable living conditions requires transformative decisions. Here, we introduce the heterogeneity–diversity–system performance (HDP) nexus as the conceptual basis upon which to formulate transformative decisions. We suggest that managing the heterogeneity of systems will best allow diversity to provide multiple benefits to people. Based on ecological theory, we pose that the HDP nexus is broadly applicable across systems, disciplines, and sectors, and should thus be considered in future decision making as a way to have a more sustainable global future.
WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE4 modulates the hyper-elongation of light-grown hypocotyl cells
Authors: Schaefer Kristina , Cairo Baza Ariadna , Huang Tina , Cioffi Timothy , Elliott Andrew , Shaw Sidney L
Published: April 2023

Light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability influence how plants grow to maximize access to resources. Axial growth, the linear extension of tissues by coordinated axial cell expansion, plays a central role in these adaptive morphological responses. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyl cells to explore axial growth control mechanisms, we investigated WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE4 (WDL4), an auxin-induced, microtubule-associated protein and member of the larger WDL gene family shown to modulate hypocotyl growth under changing environmental conditions. Loss-of-function wdl4 seedlings exhibited a hyper-elongation phenotype under light conditions, continuing to elongate when wild-type Col-0 hypocotyls arrested and reaching 150% to 200% of wild-type length before shoot emergence. wdl4 seedling hypocotyls showed dramatic hyper-elongation (500%) in response to temperature elevation, indicating an important role in morphological adaptation to environmental cues. WDL4 was associated with microtubules under both light and dark growth conditions, and no evidence was found for altered microtubule array patterning in loss-of-function wdl4 mutants under various conditions. Examination of hormone responses showed altered sensitivity to ethylene and evidence for changes in the spatial distribution of an auxin-dependent transcriptional reporter. Our data provide evidence that WDL4 regulates hypocotyl cell elongation without substantial changes to microtubule array patterning, suggesting an unconventional role in axial growth control.
The Dimensions, Origins, and Consequences of Belief in Donald Trump’s Big Lie
Authors: Jacobson Gary C
Published: April 2023

Donald Trump’s claim that he actually won the 2020 election, that Joe Biden’s victory was fraudulent and that his presidency is thus illegitimate, has been exhaustively debunked, but large majorities of ordinary Republicans and other Trump voters continue to say they agree with him. Using a wide variety of survey data, this paper examines the dimensions and origins of belief in Trump’s big lie and its effects on the Republican Party, the 2022 elections, and U.S. politics going forward.
The Scanner as the Stimulus: Deficient Gamma-BOLD Coupling in Schizophrenia at Rest
Authors: Jacob Michael S , Sargent Kaia , Roach Brian J , Shamshiri Elhum A , Mathalon Daniel H , Ford Judith M
Published: April 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners are unavoidably loud and uncomfortable experimental tools that are necessary for schizophrenia (SZ) neuroscience research. The validity of fMRI paradigms might be undermined by well-known sensory processing abnormalities in SZ that could exert distinct effects on neural activity in the presence of scanner background sound. Given the ubiquity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) paradigms in SZ research, elucidating the relationship between neural, hemodynamic, and sensory processing deficits during scanning is necessary to refine the construct validity of the MR neuroimaging environment. We recorded simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI at rest in people with SZ (n = 57) and healthy control participants without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 46) and identified gamma EEG activity in the same frequency range as the background sounds emitted from our scanner during a resting-state sequence. In participants with SZ, gamma coupling to the hemodynamic signal was reduced in bilateral auditory regions of the superior temporal gyri. Impaired gamma-hemodynamic coupling was associated with sensory gating deficits and worse symptom severity. Fundamental sensory-neural processing deficits in SZ are present at rest when considering scanner background sound as a “stimulus.” This finding may impact the interpretation of rs-fMRI activity in studies of people with SZ. Future neuroimaging research in SZ might consider background sound as a confounding variable, potentially related to fluctuations in neural excitability and arousal.
Effect of different sow lactation feeder types and drip cooling on sow bodyweight, litter performance, and feeder cleaning criteria
Authors: Rao Zhong-Xing , Coble Kyle F , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , D. Goodband Robert , Gebhardt Jordan T
Published: April 2023

A total of 600 sows (line 3; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used to evaluate the effect of different lactation feeder types and drip cooling on sow farrowing performance and litter growth performance during the summer. For the feeder evaluation, the trial was conducted in two sequential groups with 300 sows per group. Five 60-farrowing-stall rooms with tunnel ventilation were used for each group. On approximately days 110 to 112 of gestation, sows were blocked by body condition score (BCS), parity, and offspring sire (lines 2 or 3 sires; PIC), then randomly allotted to one of three feeder types: 1) PVC tube feeder, 2) Rotecna feeder (Rotecna), or 3) SowMax feeder (Hog Slat). The three feeder types were placed in one of three stalls with the same sequence from the front to the end of all rooms to balance for environmental effects. For drip cooling evaluation, the trial was conducted during the 2nd group of 300 sows. Drippers were blocked in three of every six farrowing stalls to balance feeder type and environmental effects. After farrowing, sows had ad libitum access to feed. For litter performance data, only pigs from sows bred to line 2 sires were recorded. Line 3 sire pigs were not included in litter performance data, but sows of these pigs were included in sow body weight (BW) and feed disappearance data. After weaning, feeder cleaning time was recorded on a subsample of 67 feeders (19, 23, and 25 for PVC tube, Rotecna, and SowMax, respectively). There was no evidence of difference (P > 0.05) in sow entry BW, exit BW, BW change, and litter performance among the different feeder types. However, sows using the SowMax feeders had decreased (P < 0.05) total feed disappearance, average daily feed disappearance, and total feed cost compared to those fed with the PVC tube feeders. There was a marginal difference (P < 0.10) between feeder types in cleaning time, with PVC tube feeders requiring less time than the Rotecna feeders; however, cleaning time varied greatly between the personnel doing the cleaning. Sows with drip cooling had greater (P < 0.05) feed disappearance, litter growth performance, and subsequent total born, and reduced (P < 0.05) BW change. In conclusion, using a SowMax feeder reduced feed disappearance with no effects on sow and litter performance compared to a PVC tube feeder, and drip cooling improved sow and litter performance during summer.
The difference in the functional water flow network between the stem and current-year root cross-sectional surfaces in Salix gracilistyla stem xylem
Authors: Xiang Yan , Kagawa Akira , Nagai Satoshi , Yasuda Yuko , Utsumi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2023

The dye injection method has been applied to many species to analyze the xylem water transport pathway in trees. However, traditional dye injection methods introduced dye tracers from the surface of cut stems, including several annual rings. Furthermore, the traditional dye injection method did not evaluate radial water movement from the outermost annual rings to the inner annual rings. In this study, we assessed the difference in radial water movement visualized by an injected dye, between stem base cut and current-year root cut samples of Salix gracilistyla Miq., with current-year roots grown hydroponically. The results showed that the number of stained annual rings in the root cut samples was smaller than that in the stem cut samples, and the percentage of stained vessels in the root cut samples was significantly smaller than that in the stem base cut samples in the second and third annual rings. In the current-year root cut samples, water transport mainly occurred in the outermost rings from the current-year roots to leaves. In addition, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of stained vessels in the stem cut samples was higher in the current-year root cut samples in the second and third annual rings. These findings indicate that the previously reported dye injection method using stem cut samples overestimated the water transport pathway in the inner part of the stems. Moreover, previous hydraulic conductivity measurement methods might not have considered the effects of radial resistance through the annual ring boundary, and they might have overestimated the hydraulic conductivity in the inner annual rings.
Tracking the emergence of antigenic variants in influenza A virus epidemics in Brazil
Authors: Pillai Tara K , Johnson Katherine E , Song Timothy , Gregianini Tatiana S , Tatiana G. Baccin , Wang Guojun , Medina Rafael A , Van Bakel Harm , García-Sastre Adolfo , Nelson Martha I , Ghedin Elodie , Veiga Ana B G
Published: April 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) circulation patterns differ in North America and South America, with influenza seasons often characterized by different subtypes and strains. However, South America is relatively undersampled considering the size of its population. To address this gap, we sequenced the complete genomes of 220 IAVs collected between 2009 and 2016 from hospitalized patients in southern Brazil. New genetic drift variants were introduced into southern Brazil each season from a global gene pool, including four H3N2 clades (3c, 3c2, 3c3, and 3c2a) and five H1N1pdm clades (clades 6, 7, 6b, 6c, and 6b1). In 2016, H1N1pdm viruses belonging to a new 6b1 clade caused a severe influenza epidemic in southern Brazil that arrived early and spread rapidly, peaking mid-autumn. Inhibition assays showed that the A/California/07/2009(H1N1) vaccine strain did not protect well against 6b1 viruses. Phylogenetically, most 6b1 sequences that circulated in southern Brazil belong to a single transmission cluster that rapidly diffused across susceptible populations, leading to the highest levels of influenza hospitalization and mortality seen since the 2009 pandemic. Continuous genomic surveillance is needed to monitor rapidly evolving IAVs for vaccine strain selection and understand their epidemiological impact in understudied regions.
Microbiome Network Connectivity and Composition Linked to Disease Resistance in Strawberry Plants
Authors: Hassani M. Amine , Gonzalez Omar , Hunter Samuel S. , Holmes Gerald J. , Hewavitharana Shashika S. , Ivors Kelly , Lazcano Cristina
Published: April 2023

Plants recruit diverse microbial communities from the soil to their roots. Intermicrobial interactions and connectivity in the root microbiome play essential roles in plant health by promoting resistance to soilborne pathogens. However, the understanding of these interactions under field conditions is still scarce. Using a strawberry crop model, we characterized the prokaryotic and the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and the roots of three strawberry cultivars grown under field conditions and displaying varying degrees of resistance to the soilborne fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. We tested the hypothesis that resistant cultivars assemble distinct bacterial and fungal communities that foster microbial connectivity and mediate disease resistance. Our results show that the soilborne pathogen M. phaseolina does not alter the root microbiome of the three strawberry cultivars. Microbiome comparative analysis indicated that the highly susceptible cultivar Sweet Ann assembled a distinct rhizosphere and root microbiome, whereas the microbiome of the strawberry cultivars Marquis and Manresa were more similar and enriched with potential beneficial microbes. Cooccurrence network analysis revealed that the fungal pathogen M. phaseolina was more peripheral in the microbial network of Sweet Ann compared with Manresa and Marquis. Collectively, these results stress the role of the plant microbiome in mediating resistance against soilborne pathogens and further suggest the role of plant genetic traits in the assembly of beneficial microbiome members. Our study reinforces the eminent role of the plant microbiome as trait selection in breeding programs and the need for further understanding of the genetic and biological mechanisms that mediate microbiome assembly. Uncovering these mechanisms will be key for the future success of plant breeding programs in their fight against soilborne pathogens.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Scalable Early Detection of Grapevine Viral Infection with Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Galvan Fernando E. Romero , Pavlick Ryan , Trolley Graham , Aggarwal Somil , Sousa Daniel , Starr Charles , Forrestel Elisabeth , Bolton Stephanie , Alsina Maria del Mar , Dokoozlian Nick , Gold Kaitlin M.
Published: April 2023

The U.S. wine and grape industry loses $3B annually due to viral diseases including grapevine leafroll-associated virus complex 3 (GLRaV-3). Current detection methods are labor-intensive and expensive. GLRaV-3 has a latent period in which the vines are infected but do not display visible symptoms, making it an ideal model to evaluate the scalability of imaging spectroscopy-based disease detection. The NASA Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation was deployed to detect GLRaV-3 in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in Lodi, CA in September 2020. Foliage was removed from the vines as part of mechanical harvest soon after image acquisition. In September of both 2020 and 2021, industry collaborators scouted 317 hectares on a vine-by-vine basis for visible viral symptoms and collected a subset for molecular confirmation testing. Symptomatic grapevines identified in 2021 were assumed to have been latently infected at the time of image acquisition. Random forest models were trained on a spectroscopic signal of noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected grapevines balanced with synthetic minority oversampling of noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected grapevines. The models were able to differentiate between noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected vines both pre- and postsymptomatically at 1 to 5 m resolution. The best-performing models had 87% accuracy distinguishing between noninfected and asymptomatic vines, and 85% accuracy distinguishing between noninfected and asymptomatic + symptomatic vines. The importance of nonvisible wavelengths suggests that this capacity is driven by disease-induced changes to plant physiology. The results lay a foundation for using the forthcoming hyperspectral satellite Surface Biology and Geology for regional disease monitoring in grapevine and other crop species.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Characterizing the Response of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to Periods of Heat Stress that Are Common in Kansas and the Great Plains Region of North America
Authors: Gardner Heather , Onofre Kelsey F. Andersen , De Wolf Erick D.
Published: April 2023

Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is considered a disease of cool environments, and it has been observed that high temperatures can suppress disease development. However, recent field observations in Kansas suggest that the pathogen may be recovering from heat stress more quickly than expected. Previous research indicates that some strains of this pathogen were adapted to warm temperature regimes but did not consider how the pathogen responds to periods of heat stress that are common in the Great Plains region of North America. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize the response of contemporary isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici to periods of heat stress and to look for evidence of temperature adaptations within the pathogen population. These experiments evaluated nine isolates of the pathogen: eight isolates collected in Kansas between 2010 and 2021 and a historical reference isolate. Treatments compared the latent period and colonization rate of isolates given a cool temperature regime (12 to 20°C) and as they recovered from 7 days of heat stress (22 to 35°C). Results documented that contemporary isolates of the pathogen had similar latent periods and colonization rates as the historical reference under the cool temperature regime. Following exposure to 7 days of heat stress, the contemporary isolates had shorter latent periods and higher colonization rates than the historical isolate. There was also variability in how the contemporary isolates recovered from heat stress, with some isolates collected during 2019 to 2021 recovering sooner than those collected just 5 to 10 years ago.
6. Association Between Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Intradialytic Hypotension in End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis at Prof. dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital
Authors: Dimas Johannes , Joseph Junita , Palar Stella , Wantania Frans , Sugeng Cerelia , Umboh Octavianus
Published: April 2023

Background: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is common complication during hemodialysis which increasing morbidity and mortality. The etiology of IDH is multifactorial, involving patient's demographic, dialysis process itself, and comorbid including cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a measurement of the amount of blood the left ventricle pumps with each heartbeat and holds an important role in cardiovascular response to low intravascular volume during hemodialysis.

Objective: To investigate the association between LVEF and IDH in End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease (ESCKD) on hemodialysis patients.

Method: 70 ESCKD patients with regular hemodialysis for more than three months at Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou hospital was investigated on September 2022 - November 2022. This cross sectional study defined intradialytic hypotension as > 20 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during hemodialysis. We analyze the data using Wilcoxon and Chi Square test with significant result (p < 0.05).

Results: 70 patients included in this study consist of 42 male (60%) and 28 female (40%). The mean age is 54.69 + 9.617 years old with mean LVEF is 52.4 + 13.79%. There was significant result in comparison between systolic and diastolic pre and intradialytic (p < 0.001). IDH presented in 37 patients out of 70 patients. LVEF was found to be associated with IDH (p = 0.028) and patients with LVEF <50% was found more likely to develop IDH (OR = 3.37).

Conclusion: LVEF was found to be associated with intradialytic hypotension and patients with LVEF <50% are 3.37 times more likely to develop intradialytic hypotension.
7. Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Arterial Stiffness among Various Risk Factors and Comorbidities: An Observational Studies-based Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Raharja K.A. , Andreani F.V. , Wirawan A.D.
Published: April 2023

Background: Insulin resistance, assessed by triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and arterial stiffness contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between TyG index and risk of arterial stiffness among various risk factors and comorbidities remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the significance of the TyG index in predicting the risk of arterial stiffness among the population with various risk factors and comorbidities.

Method: We conducted literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 2017 – August 31, 2022. Observational studies evaluating the association between TyG index and arterial stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), among population with various risk factors and comorbidities, and reporting odds ratio (OR) after multivariate analysis were included. The random-effects model was used for estimating pooled ORs with the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: We included 12 observational studies including 51,258 participants. Higher TyG index was significantly associated with higher risk of arterial stiffness (OR = 1.77, CI95% = 1.5–2.1, p < 0.001), in population aged > 65 years (OR = 1.43, CI95% = 1.08–1.9, p = 0.01), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR = 1.32, CI95% = 1.17–1.49, p < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.35, CI95% = 1.06–1.73, p = 0.02), while insignificant association was found in non-normotensive, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min, smoking, and/or alcoholic populations.

Conclusion: A higher TyG index is associated with higher risk of arterial stiffness, significantly in the population aged >65 years, with T2DM, and BMI <25 kg/m2.
17. Intensive vs. Standard Blood Pressure Strategy in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Triatmaja Rizkan , Sukmadja Daniel , Tarigan Tinanda , Hidayat Saiful
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives: Currently, ESC and AHA have different blood pressure (BP) goals, particularly for elderly patients. This study compared efficacy and side effect of intensive BP-lowering strategies in elderly (age $60 years) hypertensive patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database for all Randomized Control Trials (RCTs). Studies that compare the outcome of intensive vs. standard BP strategy in the elderly hypertensive patient were included. All-cause death, Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), cardiovascular (CV) death, Heart Failure (HF), stroke, injurious fall/fracture, and syncope were evaluated. We did a subgroup analysis in elderly hypertensive patients (>70 years old) with no comorbidities. Random effect analysis was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis).

Results: This study includes 7 RCTs with 19.650 patients. Intensive BP showed significant differences from standard BP to all-cause death (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58 - 0.93; P = 0.01), AMI (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57 - 0.92: P = 0.008), CV death (RR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.47 - 0.84; P = 0.001), HF (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42 - 0.89; P = 0.01), and stroke (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.95; P = 0.02). In the subgroup analysis of 3 RCTs with 6.439 patients, intensive BP significantly reduce all-cause death (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.80; P = 0.0001), CV death (RR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.43 to 0.84; P = 0.003), and stroke (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.99; P = 0.04).

Conclusions: Intensive BP strategy in older patients reduces all-cause death, AMI, CV death, HF, and stroke event.
20. Effect of Successive Systolic Blood Pressure Variability Following Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pradipta L.D. , Natalia D. , Andhitara Y. , Bahrudin  , Sobirin M.A.
Published: April 2023

Background: Previous studies have shown contradictory findings regarding the effects of systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on functional outcomes and risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to ascertain how SBPV indices, successive variance of SBPV (SPBVsv), following IVT affected the outcome in AIS.

Method: We searched for articles published before October 2022 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. The pooled multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). The outcomes included favorable functional result using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score less than 2 within 90 days and intracranial hemorrhage event within 36 hours after IVT. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to rate the reliability of the studies.

Result: Initial search revealed 2089 studies, of which 8 studies including 31791 patients with AIS and underwent IVT met the inclusion criteria. Increased of SBPVsv following IVT was substantially related with a poorer functional result in AIS (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.36, I2 = 93.8%, p value of Q test 0.004) and increase risk of ICH (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.12, I2 = 73.6%, p value of Q test 0.043)

Conclusion: Successive systolic blood pressure variability has a negative relationship with 90-days outcome in AIS patients who received IVT while the risk of ICH within 36 hours after IVT is increase.