bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diatomological Mapping of Aurangabad Region for Unrevealing Drowning Mystery
Authors: Shaikh Junaid , GHUGE ARUN , Sangle Sandeep , Suryawanshi Sagar
Published: February 2021

Purpose:Drowning is the third unnatural cause of death in India. Drowning death is still considered as one of the most difficult to investigate, it requires the expertise in the pathophysiology and limnology. Long procedural protocol in laboratory analysis of vital organs and the site to obtain the victim and site-relation that creates a burden on the investigating agency. The presence of diatoms in the vital organs of the body helps to establish the pre- or post-mortem drowning death and the appearance of site-specific/unique diatoms for a region aids into locating the exact drowning site. The onsite identification can be solved by studying the diversity and preparing the diatoms map (D-map). Availability of D-map can help to reduce the investigation time and helps in confirmation of the drowning site.Methods:In the present study, samples were collected from the 12 water bodies in Aurangabad region M.S. India, and were acid digested, using Aqua regia solution containing HNO3: H2SO4 in 1:3 proportion in 20ml of water sample. Slides were prepared, mounted and microscopic analysis was performed using light and inverted phase microscope.Results:The D-map was generated and it featured 55 identified species, amongst the members of Nitzschia, Navicula and Cymbella were commonly found in many water bodies, while Craticula, Gomphonema, Tibetiella, Melosira, Pleurosira, and Mastogloia were restricted to only single water body. These unique diatoms can be used as site-specific indicators in drowning investigation of Aurangabad region. This study generated diatomic map for experimental water body present in Aurangabad region.Conclusion:These D-maps will be helpful in dispense a significant information about water bodies and their common as well as unique flora with a qualitative and quantitative distribution of diatoms. D- Map generated in this study can be harnessed to update knowledge of diatomology or diatoms database and generated data will aid in drowning investigation.
Estrogen-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis as an Unexpected Outcome of Aromatase Inhibitor-Resistance in ER+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Mori Hitomi , Saeki Kohei , Chang Gregory , Hsu Pei-Yin , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Kanaya Noriko , Wang Xiaoqiang , Somlo George , Nakamura Masafumi , Chen Shiuan
Published: February 2021

Background: Estrogen is known to promotes hormone-dependent breast cancer through activation of estrogen receptor (ER)-α encoded by ESR1. However, several clinical trials reported the unexpected therapeutic benefit of E2 for aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistant cases of ER+ breast cancer. Considering potential impact of such clinical observation, we decided to determine the mechanisms of estrogen-induced tumor regression. Methods: A unique estrogen-inhibitory patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor, GS3, was established from an AI resistant ER+/HER2– brain metastatic breast cancer. In vivo estrogen suppression was confirmed through experiments by implanting 17β-estradiol (E2) pellets in mice carrying GS3, and then the single-cell analysis was performed using GS3 tumors. In vitro E2 suppression analysis was carried out using organoids from GS3.Results: The E2-induced suppression of GS3 involves ERα, which was wild-type and not amplified. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of this PDX has revealed that E2 treatment (for 1 week) induces cell cycle arrest in both ESR1+ cells and ESR1– cells, demonstrating the unexpected influence of estrogen on ESR1– cells in ER+ breast cancer. E2 upregulated the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including a tumor suppressor gene, IL24, and lower levels of IL24 were linked to estrogen independence, after three rounds of intermittent E2 treatment. IL24+ cells included more G1 phase cells of cell cycle compared to IL24– cells. Hallmark apoptosis gene sets were upregulated and the hallmark G2M checkpoint gene set was downregulated in IL24+ cells after E2 treatment. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after long term (for 4 weeks) E2 treatment. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that long term E2 treatment induced expression of apoptosis-associated protein cleaved-PARP and reduction of the pro-survival protein Bcl-xl level.Conclusions: There is the need of markers for patients who can benefit from E2 treatment after AI resistance, and measurements of ER and PR expression are not enough. Analysis of GS3 PDX has revealed that estrogen induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our study has revealed the cross-talk between ESR1+ and ESR1– cells as well as potential roles of IL24 in estrogen-suppressive tumors.
Effect of Time of Cord Clamping on Serum Bilirubin Level among Full Term Babies Born at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A Three Arm Randomized Control Trial.
Authors: Tesfaye Biruk Hailu , Gebremariam Mulugeta Betre , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Gebremedhin Asrat D.
Published: February 2021

Background: Delayed cord clamping (DCC) above one minute is associated with nutritional and developmental benefits newborns. DCC could also lead to elevated serum bilirubin, leading to jaundice that require phototherapy at the early ages of life. However, evidence on the relationship between DCC and outcomes is limited in resource-limited settings.Objective: To evaluate the effect of the time of cord clamping on serum bilirubin level at 24 hours post-birth in an Ethiopian Tertiary Care hospital.Methods: A three-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2019-January 2020 targeting healthy, full-term neonates. Study participants were randomly assigned into one of the following interventions depending on the timing of cord clamping: immediate cord clamping (<30 seconds), intermediate cord clamping (60 sec), and delayed cord clamping (180 seconds). The primary outcome is serum bilirubin level in the newborns, which was assessed at 24-hour after birth and before they were discharged home. Descriptive analysis was applied to assess differences between groups in terms of demographic, obstetric, and social characteristics of participants, while linear regression model was employed to examine the association between cord clamping time and serum bilirubin level. STATA version 14 was used for statistical analyses.Result: A total of 141 term newborns were included and randomized into the three categories. Demographic, social and obstetrics factors of the women were not different across groups except labor duration that had a P-value < 0.05. Time of cord clamping was not a significant predictor of total serum bilirubin levels at 24 hours post-birth, whereas cord blood total serum bilirubin (coef. 0.24; p<0.05) and bilirubin nomogram high-risk zone (Coef. 6.25; p<0.001) were significant predictors.Conclusion: Time of umbilical cord clamping has no effect on the total serum bilirubin level of neonates at least within 24 hours of birth.
The Evolution of Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Following Glacier Retreat in Coastal Watersheds of Southeast Alaska
Authors: Holt Amy Dehner , Fellman Jason , Hood Eran , Kellerman Anne M , Raymond Peter , Stubbins Aron , Dittmar Thorsten , Spencer Robert G.M
Published: February 2021

Climate change is melting glaciers and altering watershed biogeochemistry across the globe, particularly in regions dominated by mountain glaciers, such as southeast Alaska. Glacier dominated watersheds exhibit distinct dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics compared to forested and vegetated watersheds. However, there is a paucity of information on how stream DOM composition changes as glaciers retreat and terrestrial ecosystem succession ensues. Importantly, it is unclear over what timescales these transformations occur. Here, we used bulk, isotopic and ultrahigh resolution molecular-level techniques to assess how streamwater DOM composition evolves in response to glacier retreat and subsequent terrestrial ecosystem succession. For this, water samples were collected from eleven streams across a chronosequence spanning a temporal gradient 0 to ~1,400 years since glacier retreat in coastal, southeast Alaska. During the first ~200 years since glacier retreat, stream DOM showed marked and consistent changes in bulk, isotopic, and molecular-level composition. In particular, there was a decreased abundance of ancient, energy-rich (e.g., elevated aliphatic contribution), low aromaticity (e.g., low SUVA 254 and AI mod ) DOM and an increased abundance of soil and vegetation derived aromatic DOM (e.g., more depleted d 13 C, elevated condensed aromatic and polyphenolic contribution) that had a modern radiocarbon age. After ~200 years of ecosystem development, DOM composition was comparable to that observed for other temperate and arctic forested watersheds without permafrost influence. These results underscore the timelines on which glacier retreat may have substantial impacts on watershed biogeochemistry and coastal ecosystems that receive DOM subsidies from these rapidly changing landscapes.
Self-contained system for mitigation of contaminated aerosol sources of SARS-CoV-2 
Authors: Patel Bhavesh , Forzani Erica , Lowell Amelia , McKay Kelly , Karam Karam Abi , Pandian Adithya Shyamala , Pyznar Gabriel , Xian Xiaojun , Serhan Michael
Published: February 2021

Contaminated aerosols and micro droplets are easily generated by infected hosts through sneezing, coughing, speaking and breathing1-3 and harm humans’ health and the global economy. While most of the efforts are usually targeted towards protecting individuals from getting infected,4 eliminating transmissions from infection sources is also important to prevent disease transmission. Supportive therapies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) pneumonia such as oxygen supplementation, nebulizers and non-invasive mechanical ventilation all carry an increased risk for viral transmission via aerosol to healthcare workers.5-9 In this work, we study the efficacy of five methods for self-containing aerosols emitted from infected subjects undergoing nebulization therapies with a diverse spectrum on oxygen delivery therapies. The work includes five study cases: Case I: Use of a Full-Face Mask with biofilter in bilevel positive airway pressure device (BPAP) therapy, Case II: Use of surgical mask in High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) therapy, Case III: Use of a modified silicone disposable mask in a HFNC therapy, Case IV: Use of a modified silicone disposable mask with a regular nebulizer and normal breathing, Case V: Use of a mitigation box with biofilter in a Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilator (NIPPV). We demonstrate that while cases I, III and IV showed efficacies of 98-100%; cases II and V, which are the most commonly used, resulted with significantly lower efficacies of 10-24% to mitigate the dispersion of nebulization aerosols. Therefore, implementing cases I, III and IV in health care facilities may help battle the contaminations and infections via aerosol transmission during a pandemic.
Nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives on how the crave for the ‘perfect’ body image affect their own breastfeeding practices: A qualitative study in Ghana
Authors: Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa , ABUKARI ALHASSAN SIBDOW
Published: February 2021

Background: The World Health Organization has recommended that, all infants should be breastfed for at least two years with six months of exclusive breastfeeding. This is due to the many benefits of breastfeeding to the mother, child and the nation. There is paucity of literature on the breastfeeding practices of nurses and midwives with regards to issues relating to body image. Therefore, this study explored the perspectives of breastfeeding nurses and midwives on how their body image affect their breastfeeding practices. Methods : Qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Five focus group discussions were conducted with each group having five members after participants were purposively selected into the study. Data was analyzed inductively after it was audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Results : Three main themes emerged after data analysis which included: Body image concerns and breastfeeding, sociocultural pressures and breastfeeding and coping strategies. Participants were of the view that, they had concerns with regards to weight gain due to the need to eat adequately in order to lactate. To participants, those concerns and pressures negatively affect their breastfeeding practices. These body image concerns are fueled by sociocultural pressures such as negative comments from loved ones and social media. They coped with self-motivation and the love they have for their children. Conclusion : It is apparent that, breastfeeding health professionals need support in order to successfully breastfeed their infants till the stipulated time frame. Keywords: Nurses and midwives, breastfeeding, body image and breastfeeding, body image concerns, Ghana, sociocultural pressures and breastfeeding.
The Effect of Exercise Training, IMT and FES on Diastolic Function, Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuang Chenchen , Luo Xufei , Wang Qiongying , Li Shipeng , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Wenjuan , Sun Runmin , Huang Ke , Yu Jing
Published: February 2021

Background: We aimed to better understand the effects of two exercise training interventions [endurance training and a combination of endurance and resistance training (combined exercise)] and two physiotherapies [functional electrical stimulation (FES) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT)] on diastolic function, exercise performance and quality of life (QoL) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients.Methods: Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MEDLINE via PubMed for randomized controlled trials were searched from their inception to May 2020. The methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database sacle. All analyses were used by STATA.Results: A total of 14 articles on 13 trials were included in this meta-analysis with 673 HFpEF patients. The pooling revealed that peak oxygen uptake was improved by endurance training [MD (95% CI): 1.89 ml.kg-1.min-1 (1.32, 2.46), P < 0.001], FES [MD (95% CI): 2.28 ml.kg-1.min-1 (0.92, 3.65), P = 0.001] and IMT [MD (95% CI): 2.72 ml.kg-1.min-1 (1.44, 3.99), P < 0.001]. Similar results were observed for 6-minute walk test and QoL. Besides, endurance training increased arterial venous oxygen difference [MD (95% CI): 1.41 (0.09, 2.74), P = 0.036]. Combined exercise was beneficial to the ratio of peak early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocities [MD (95% CI): -2.90 (-4.97, -0.83), P = 0.006] and the early diastolic mitral annual velocity [MD (95% CI): 1.40 (0.68, 2.12), P = 0.006]. IMT improved ventilation/carbon dioxide ratio slope [MD (95% CI): -3.36 ml.kg-1.min-1 (-6.17, -0.54), P = 0.019].Conclusions: FES and IMT may be therapeutic options to improve functional capacity and QoL in HFpEF patients, and the outcomes are similar to endurance training. Combined exercise tends to improve diastolic function in HFpEF patients.
A Patient with Breast Fibroadenoma Accompanied by Carcinoma: Early Detection by Monitoring.
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa , Hara Yukiko , Dobashi Kazuyoshi , Masuda Shinobu , Tada Keiichiro
Published: February 2021

Background: A complex breast lesion comprising both fibroadenoma and carcinoma is very challenging to diagnose early in the disease.Case Presentation: The patient was a 76-year-old woman who was followed at our clinic for 8 years because of a 7-mm tumor, which was determined to be fibroadenoma on a core needle biopsy specimen. However, another core needle biopsy was performed because part of the margin of the tumor was obscure. A histopathological examination revealed that the second specimen contained malignant cells. The patient underwent breast-conserving surgery and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. The histopathological examination found both breast carcinoma and fibroadenoma, with some of the 2 lesions overlapping. The sentinel lymph node specimen showed micrometastases. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusions: The findings in our patient suggest that careful examination of the margin of the breast fibroadenoma was essential for early detection of the breast carcinoma.
IL-9-triggered lncRNA Gm13568 regulates Notch1 in astrocytes through interaction with CBP/P300: contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Zhou Feng , Wang Weixiao , Chen Guofang , Zhang Qingxiu , Lv Ruixue , Zhao Zijun , Li Xiangyang , Yu Qian , Meves Jessica M , Hua Hui , Li Xiaocui , Wang Xiaotian , Sun Hong , Gao Dianshuai
Published: February 2021

Background

Interleukin 9 (IL-9), produced mainly by T helper 9 (Th9) cells, has been recognized as an important regulator in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Astrocytes respond to IL-9 and reactive astrocytes always associate with blood-brain barrier damage, immune cells infiltration and spinal injury in MS and EAE. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with aberrant expression have been identified in the pathogenesis of MS. Here, we examined the effects of lncRNA Gm13568 (a co-upregulated lncRNA both in EAE mice and in mouse primary astrocytes activated by IL-9) on the activation of astrocytes and the process of EAE.
Methods

In vitro, shRNA-recombinant lentivirus with Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter were performed to determine the relative gene expression and proinflammatory cytokines production in IL-9 treated-astrocytes using Western blot, real-time PCR and Cytometric bead array, respectively. RIP and ChIP assays were analyzed for the mechanism of lncRNA Gm13568 regulating gene expression. Immunofluorescence assays was performed to measure the protein expression in astrocytes. In vivo, H&E staining and LFB staining were applied to detect the inflammatory cells infiltrations and the medullary sheath damage in spinal cords of EAE mice infected by the recombinant lentivirus. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or student’s t-test, as appropriate.
Results

Knockdown of the endogenous lncRNA Gm13568 remarkably inhibits the Notch1 expression, astrocytosis and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10) in IL-9 activated astrocytes. In which, Gm13568 associates with CBP/P300 is enriched in the promoter of Notch1 genes. More importantly, inhibiting Gm13568 with lentiviral vector in astrocytes ameliorates significantly inflammation and demyelination in EAE mice, therefore delaying the EAE process.
Conclusions

These findings uncover that Gm13568 regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines in active astrocytes and affects the pathogenesis of EAE through the Notch1/STAT3 pathway. LncRNA Gm13568 may be a promising target for treating MS and demyelinating diseases.
Calibration of the SPEARpesticides Bioindicator for Cost-effective Pesticide Monitoring in East African Streams
Authors: Ganatra Akbar A , Kandie Faith Jebiwot , Fillinger Ulrike , McOdimba Francis , Torto Baldwyn , Brack Werner , Liess Matthias , Hollert Henner , Becker Jeremias
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPesticides are washed from agricultural fields into adjacent streams where even short-term exposure causes long-term ecological damage. Detecting pesticide pollution in streams thus requires the expensive monitoring of peak concentrations during run-off events. Alternatively, exposure and ecological effects can be assessed using the SPEARpesticides bioindicator that quantifies pesticide-related changes in the macroinvertebrate community composition. SPEARpesticides has been developed in Central Europe and validated in other parts of Europe, Australia and South America; here we investigated its performance in East African streams.ResultsWith minimal adaptations of the SPEARpesticdes index, we successfully characterized pesticide pollution in 13 streams located in Western Kenya. The East African SPEARpesticides index correlated well with the overall toxicity of 30 pesticides (maximum toxic unit = maximum environmental vs. median lethal concentration) measured in stream water (R² = 0.53). Similarly, the SPEARpesticides index correlated with the risk of surface run-off from agricultural fields (as identified based on ground slope in the catchment area and the width of protective riparian strips, R² = 0.45). Unlike other bioindicators designed to indicate general water pollution, SPEARpesticides was independent of organic pollution and highly specific to pesticides. In 23% of the streams, pesticides exceeded concentrations considered environmentally safe based on European first tiered risk assessment.ConclusionsIncreasing contamination was associated with considerable changes in the macroinvertebrate community composition. We conclude that pesticides need to be better regulated also in developing countries. SPEARpesticides provides a straightforward and cost-efficient tool for the required monitoring of pesticide exposure in small to medium streams.
Pleurotus Spp. Fungi Ferment Corn Stover and Enhance Its Nutritional Value as Ruminant Feed
Authors: Wang Yuqiong , Luo Yang , Luo Lilong , Zhang Hang , liao Yangci , gou changlong
Published: February 2021

Four Pleurotus spp. fungi (P. diamor, P. eryngii, P. sajor-caju, P. citrinopileatus) were compared for their potential to improve nutritional value of corn stover as ruminant feed. Corn stover was inoculated with the fungi under solid-state conditions and their results show that P. sajor-caju and P. eryngii were better than the other two fungi for decreasing the acid detergent lignin (ADL) (8.99 vs 9.88 vs 10.16 vs 10.46). In contrast, P. eryngii had lower ability to degrade cellulose (13.38%). Corn stover treated with P. citrinopileatus had the highest crude protein (CP) content (7.65%), whereas treatment with P. sajor-caju resulted in the highest increase in essential amino acids. Although fungal pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass does not always result in high-quality feed, overall, P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju improved the nutritive value of corn stover as a ruminant feed.
Staging Laparoscopy Is Still a Valuable Tool for Optimal Gastric Cancer Management
Authors: Sakamoto Erica , Ramos Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , Pereira Marina Alessandra , Dias Andre Roncon , Junior Ulysses Ribeiro , Zilberstein Bruno , Nahas Sergio Carlos
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Complete surgical resection is the main determining factor in the survival of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients, but resection should be avoided in metastatic disease. Peritoneum is a common site of metastasis and preoperative imaging techniques still fail to detect peritoneal metastasis (PM). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Staging Laparoscopy (SL) in the staging of AGC patients in a Western tertiary cancer center. Methods: We reviewed 130 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma submitted to SL from 2009 to 2020 from a prospective database. Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed to identify factors associated with the presence of PM. We also evaluated the accuracy and strength of agreement between computed tomography (CT) and SL in detecting PM, and the change in treatment strategy after SL. Results: Among the 130 patients, PM was identified in 66 patients (50.76%) - P1 group. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT in detecting PM were 51,5%, 87,5% and 69.2%, respectively. According to the Kappa coefficient, concordance between SL and CT was 38.8%. In multivariate analysis, ascites (p=0.001) and suspected PM on CT scan (p=0.007) were statistically correlated with the P1 group. In 40 patients (30.8%), staging and treatment plans changed after SL (32 patients avoided unnecessary laparotomy and 8 patients who were previously considered stage IVb by CT scan were referred for surgical treatment). Conclusions: Even with current advances in imaging techniques, SL demonstrated an important role in the diagnosis of PM and remains valuable for determining the correct therapeutic strategy.
Technique and Results after Immediate Orthotopic Replantation of Extracorporeally Irradiated Tumor Bone Autografts with and without Fibular Augmentation in Extremity Tumors
Authors: Klein Alexander , Bakhshai Yasmin , Roeder Falk , Birkenmaier Christof , Baur-Melnyk Andrea , Dürr Hans Roland
Published: February 2021

Background: the reconstruction of the bone defects after the resection of bone tumors remains a considerable challenge and one of the possibilities is the orthotopic replantation of the irradiated bone autograft. One technical option with this technique is the addition of an autologous fibular graft, with or without microvascular anastomosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical results of the treatment of our patient cohort with a specific view to the role of fibular augmentation. Methods and patients: we were able to include 21 patients with 22 reconstructions. In all cases, the bone tumor was resected with wide margins and irradiated with 300 Gy. The autograft was orthotopically replanted and stabilized by means of osteosynthesis implants. 15 patients underwent an additional fibular augmentation, 8 of which received microvascular anastomoses or, alternatively, a local pedicled fibular interposition. Results: the most common diagnosis was a Ewing-sarcoma (8 cases) and the most common location was the femur (12 cases). The mean follow-up time was 70 months. During follow-up, 59% of patients underwent an average of 2.54 revision surgeries, with the most common reason being pseudarthrosis (6 cases). Complete bony integration of the irradiated autografts was achieved in 81.8% of cases after 13.6 months on average. In case of successful reintegration the autograft was shorter (n.s.). Fibular augmentation with or without microvascular anastomosis/pedicled blood supply did not correlate with the pseudarthrosis rate.Conclusions: the replantation of extracorporeally irradiated bone autografts is an established method for the reconstruction of bone defects after tumor resection. Our rate of complications is comparable to those of other studies and with other methods of bone reconstruction (e.g. prosthesis). In our opinion, this method is especially well suited for younger patients with extraarticular bone tumors maintainable joints. However, these patients should be ready to accept longer treatment periods.
Transarticular Invasion of Primary Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions Near the Sacroiliac Joint: an MRI Study in 128 Patients
Authors: ding lei , Wei Dan , Xu Danyang , Wang Zhuo , Yin Junqiang , Gao Zhenhua
Published: February 2021

Background： To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestation of transarticular invasion of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions near the sacroiliac joint and to compare the transarticular invasion incidences and types of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions in different locations, of different pathological types, or of different pathological grades. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 128 patients . The diagnosis of the patients was confirmed by surgical findings and pathological examination. The primary tumor was in the ilium(87 patients) and sacrum(41 patients). Eighty men and 48 women with an average age of 32.5 years . Based on pathology grading systems, the tumors were divided into a high-grade malignant group (Group 1), low-grade malignant group (Group 2) and benign tumors/neoplasia group (Group 3). Transarticular invasion included 3 types: invasion across the ligament portion (Type 1), across articular cartilage (Type 2) and across periarticular tissue (Type 3). Results: Transarticular invasion of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions near the sacroiliac joint were diagnosed in 33 patients (25.8%). Transarticular invasion incidences were not significantly different between primary iliac and sacral tumors ,group 2 and group 3( P > 0.05). However, the transarticular invasion incidences were significantly different between group 2 or 3 and group 1 (P < 0.01). 33 patients with transarticular invasion, the invasion types included 31 type 1, 15 type 2 and 5 type 3 invasions. A significant difference was observed between different invasion types (P < 0.01). Conclusions: MRI is a highly sensitive method to diagnose transarticular invasion of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions near the sacroiliac joint. The transarticular invasion incidence is not significantly different between primary iliac and sacral lesions. Tumor invasion across the sacroiliac joint can be present in both primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions but predominantly with high-grade malignant conventional osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma. Transarticular invasion across the articular ligament portion is more common. No significant difference is evident between the 3 types of invasion in the groups with different pathological grades, suggesting that the transarticular invasion types are not related to benignity or malignancy or to the malignant degree of a tumor.
One Shot Model For COVID-19 Classification and Lesions Segmentation In Chest CT Scans Using LSTM With Attention Mechanism
Authors: Ter-Sarkisov Aram
Published: February 2021

We present a model that fuses instance segmentation, Long Short-Term Memory Network and Attention mechanism to predict COVID-19 and segment chest CT scans. The model works by extracting a sequence of Regions of Interest that contain class-relevant information, and applies two Long Short-Term Memory networks with attention to this sequence to extract class-relevant features. The model is trained in one shot: both segmentation and classification branches, using two different sets of data. We achieve a 95.74% COVID-19 sensitivity, 98.13% Common Pneumonia sensitivity, 99.27% Control sensitivity and 98.15% class-adjusted F1 score on the main dataset of 21191 chest CT scan slices, and also run a number of ablation studies in which we achieve 97.73% COVID-19 sensitivity and 98.41% F1 score. All source code and models are available on https://github.com/AlexTS1980/COVID-LSTM-Attention.
Ultrastructure of the gills ciliary epithelium of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857), the invasive golden mussel
Authors: Freitas Erico Tadeu Fraga , Moreira Amanda Maria Siqueira , de Paula Rayan Silva , Andrade Gabriela Rabelo , de Carvalho Marcela David , Assis Paulo Santos , Cardoso Antônio Valadão , Jorge Erika Cristina
Published: February 2021

Background Limnoperna fortunei is a bivalve mollusk originally from southern Asia that invaded South America in the 1990's. Its high efficiency in pumping and filtering water and the capacity to promote strong adhesion to different substrates allowed the adaptation of this invasive species, associated with several environmental and economic damages. A deep understanding of the biology and ecology aspects of L. fortunei is necessary to outline effective strategies to manage its invasion. Mollusk gills are important structures responsible for several biological functions including breathing and feeding. In this work, we characterized the ultrastructure of L. fortunei gills and its ciliary epithelium using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This is the first report of the L. fortunei gills ciliary epithelial cells visualized with high resolution and detailed morphology. Results The analysis showed a highly organized and large amount of ciliary structures (frontal cilia, laterofrontal cilia, and lateral cilia) on the entire length of the branchial epithelium. Mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen granules were abundantly found in the epithelial cells of the gills, suggesting that all this energetic apparatus could be related to the morpho-functional structure of the cilia. Vesicles possibly containing mucus could also be observed in these cells, suggesting that they might be related to L. fortunei mechanism of selection and/or rejection of captured particles suspended in water. Conclusions Our data suggest the mechanism used by this mollusk for particles capture and selection, which could contribute to a better understanding of important aspects of invasion and decide on more efficient and economic strategies of population control.
The phenomenon of photo fakes and a problem of manipulating a context of a photograph in an information and semantic warfare
Authors: Rodyhin Kostiantyn
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the analysis of the photo fakes phenomenon in contemporary informational space as well as the principles of their fabrication, spreading, and influence on audience. The examples illustrating a practice of changing and counterfeiting a context of photographic image are discussed in historical dimension as well as on the basis of Russia’s information and semantic warfare against Ukraine in 2014 – 2020. The causes of stable existence of such manipulations and their rebuttal resistance are shown.
Freemasonry in Colombia (18th-19th centuries): French or continental origin, leading Freemasons, the Catholic Church, political parties and revolutionary elements in South America
Authors: Arrieta-López Milton
Published: February 2021

The history of Colombian Freemasonry can be divided into three clearly identifiable stages, this work focused on the first historical stage characterized by the influence of continental European Freemasonry. This article analyzed the essence of French freemasonry on the origin of the Colombian nation-state. The impact of operative or patriotic lodges in South America was reviewed in general, as well as the relations between the Catholic Church and the 19th-century leading freemasons. The methodology used is documentary review, bibliographic and critical analysis when consulting, reviewing and analyzing reference sources. The article attempts to gauge the scope of the masonic influence on the process of independence from Spain, and it arrives at the conclusion that without the intervention of masonic elements the revolutionary goals would not have materialized in the way they did.
Fostering innovative behavior in the aviation industry: The role of perceived supervisor support and work group diversity
Authors: Nguyen Le Hoang Long , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Ho Viet-Anh
Published: February 2021

The research primarily seeks to understand how supervisor support can directly and indirectly enhance the service innovative behavior (SIB) of flight attendants via work engagement. Moreover, although there has been some research on the effect of group diversity on organizational performance, the results have not been consistent. Thus, this study addresses this gap by investigating how work group diversity can make variance in the relationship between work engagement and innovative behavior of flight attendants. The sample size of 242 flight attendants working at the central airport in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, has been taken for the study. To test hypotheses, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were employed. This study provided an evidence for the positive nexus between perceived supervisor support and SIB. Additionally, the results shed light on a mediation mechanism of work engagement for the association between flight attendants’ perception of their supervisor and innovative behavior. Furthermore, tenure diversity and job position diversity in a work group were proved to play a moderating role in the relationship between work engagement and service innovative behavior. Specifically, flight attendants are more willing to exhibit innovative behaviors when working in a homogeneous group in terms of tenure and job position rather than in a heterogeneous group. The empirical results contributed to the diversity management literature and broadened the understanding of how to activate the service innovative behavior of employees. From a managerial perspective, managers should pay attention to the characteristics of employees when organizing teamwork.
AcknowledgmentThe authors are grateful to the anonymous referees of the journal for their extremely useful suggestions for improving the quality of this paper.
THE KEY FEATURES OF THE CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   State scientific Institution “Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus”, Lysenko S.A. , Buyakov I.V. ,   State scientific Institution “Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus”
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates spatial and temporal features of the climate change in the Republic of Belarus during the period from 1960 to 2019. To accomplish this, we used data on daily average surface air temperature and applied decomposing the time series of these data with singular-spectrum analysis. We analyzed the principal components and long-term average anomalies of average annual, winter and summer air temperatures, the number of frosty days in the cold season and the number of winter days with thaws, the duration and heat supply of the growing season, as well as the frequency and intensity of heat waves. We also estimated the rates of moving the annual sum of active temperatures and the duration of the growing season from the south to the north of Belarus as a result of global warming. The ERA5 reanalysis estimates the spatial and temporal changes in the balance between annual rainfall and potential evaporation from 1980 to 2019. The average annual air temperature in 2000-2019 is shown to be exceeded the long-term average of this value by 1.8° C. The annual sum of active temperatures moves northward at an average speed of 120 km in 10 years with acceleration. Over the past 20 years, the rate of this displacement has doubled in comparison with the period 1980-2000. The length of the growing season moves from the south to the north at a speed of about 110 km per 10 years. It is shown that an increase in potential evaporation due to air warming when slightly changing annual amount of precipitation leads to aridization of the climate of Belarus emitting a reduction in the duration of the cold period with a simultaneous increase in the number of thaws does not contribute to the replenishment of water reserves during snowmelt. Additional damage to forestry and agriculture might be caused by heat waves, the frequency of which for 2000-2019 increased by a factor of 4 compared to the previous 20-year period. Additional damage to forestry and agriculture might be caused by heat waves, which frequency during last 19 years increased by a factor of 4 compared to the previous 20 years.
ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A FUNÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA A PARTIR DAS PROPAGANDAS DA REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Rosa Blum Márcia Sabina , Dias Maria Sara De Lima , Lima Filho Domingos Leite
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem por intuito trazer algumas considerações sobre a função da consciência a partir das propagandas veiculadas sobre a Reforma do Ensino Médio. As duas propagandas escolhidas foram veiculadas no período de tramitação da Medida Provisória 746/2016. Um contexto conturbado em meio a protestos e manifestações contrárias a reforma. Para colaborar nessa discussão trar-se-á as discussões de Vygotski (1990; 1990a) que concebe a consciência como um mecanismo que mobiliza as experiências histórica, social e duplicada. A partir desse processo reflexivo é que se chega ao reflexo condicionado e não como um mero produto de um estímulo. Raymond Williams (2016) com a discussão da televisão na sua dupla função: tanto como um aparato tecnológico e como forma cultural. Auxilia na compreensão da televisão dentro de um espaço de disputas e não numa simples relação de causa e efeito. O fato dos jovens refletirem sobre as informações veiculadas e colocá-las numa cadeia de reflexos e conhecimentos, a consciência adquire um papel primordial na formação do ser humano. Ativa a memória, a atenção, a percepção do entorno social para formulação de conceitos. E o faz a partir da realidade histórica, social e individual, por isso a imprevisibilidade do comportamento humano.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO A PARTIR DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS EM ESTÁGIOS E TRABALHOS DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO
Authors: Ovigli Daniel Fernando Bovolenta , Klepka Verônica
Published: February 2021

Dois momentos apresentam papel central na formação de professores: o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado e o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Na Educação do Campo tais percursos formativos são pouco explorados quanto à sua natureza e capacidade de refletir a identidade dos estudantes. Este artigo origina-se das experiências pedagógicas de professores no contexto de um Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo nas áreas do conhecimento Ciências da Natureza e Matemática e tem como objetivo discutir características e natureza da formação de Licenciandos em Educação do Campo tendo como objetos de análise suas produções e experiências nestes dois componentes curriculares, desenvolvidos na perspectiva da Pedagogia da Alternância. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e utiliza como material empírico produções escritas dos TCCs e dos relatórios de estágio supervisionados e orientados pelos autores ao longo dos últimos anos. Observa-se que o trabalho, decorrente do modo de vida camponês, percorre as produções tanto em Ciências quanto em Matemática. Enquanto em Ciências da Natureza os estágios dão ênfase à possibilidade de articularem temáticas externas ao currículo a conteúdos canônicos do Ensino de Ciências, na Matemática são as tendências teórico-metodológicas que expressam o diálogo com os temas do cotidiano nos estágios e TCCs analisados.
A APRENDIZAGEM E O TRANSTORNO DO DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO E HIPERATIVIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Calixto Francisca Graziele Costa , Soares Stela Lopes , Paixão e Vasconcelos Francisco Ullissis
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como intuito investigar o tema Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade – TDAH no âmbito da educação brasileira. Mais especificamente as perspectivas do meio científico a respeito do diagnóstico nas salas de aula regulares e suas consequências através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Neste sentido, foram analisados 24 artigos da base de dados Scielo Brasil, em um recorte nos últimos 10 anos (2007-2017). Tivemos como resultado que os artigos correspondem a área médica, mais especificamente a clínica médica, neurociências, fonoaudiologia e Psicologia. A maioria deles aborda o TDAH pela perspectiva neurobiológica com terapêutica medicamentosa. Os outros apontam para a problemática da emergência do grande número de escolares diagnosticados e medicalizados. Conclui-se que é uma discussão nova que busca o olhar multidisciplinar e a dimensão crítica da aprendizagem de pessoas diagnosticadas com esse transtorno.
The Features of the Domestic Political Development of Mauritania during the Reign of Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz (2009–2019)
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, Makhmutova Maria I.
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the study of domestic political development of Mauritania during the ten years President Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz’s reign (2009–2019). The author focuses on the main challenges to the regime supported by the military junta, as well as on the key reasons for its preservation, despite the presence of sharp contradictions within the state. The army, entrenched in power structures, had to face such problems as terrorism from Al-Qaeda, the Arab spring, and the assassination attempt on the president. At the same time, the country’s authorities were able to address these problems through a tough fight against extremism. One cannot fail to note the introduction of the practice of expanding the circle of parties loyal to the president and the national dialogue with the opposition, which not only contributed to the legitimization of Abdel Aziz’s personality, but also continued his political activity. This occurred while most regimes in the Arab East either fell or were faced with lengthy civil wars. In addition, the author notes that the elections and referendum, as elements of democracy, have been used more than once by Abdel Aziz to advance his interests, despite protests and criticism from opposition parties. In fact, in 2017, the country’s leadership was able to rewrite the constitution for itself and subjugate the legislative and judicial branches of the government. It is worth stating that Abdel Aziz became the first head of state who, in the entire modern history of Mauritania, was able to ensure a peaceful transfer of power after the end of the second presidential term. This decision did not force citizens to experience another coup d’état and political instability. In general, the author comes to the conclusion that the rule of Abdel Aziz had two main features: the desire to retain all the levers of power and, if political instability is brewing, to initiate negotiations with the opposition. These contradictions were not resolved, and the pendulum constantly swung depending on the domestic political background in the country.
A Paradise for Venus
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Egorova Sophia K.
Published: February 2021

Though the buying pieces of the Classic and Italian art of the Petrine time seemed to lack strategy, one can perceive some tendencies that show an aim to create what the German call Antikensammlung, a collection of Classic art kept at the royal court and organized under museum principles. One of plausible proves of this activity is an unfulfilled project made by Iuriy Kologrivov, who was busy buying pieces of art for the Imperial compilation in Rome. Having acquired some education as an architect, he proposed to Peter the Great an extant draft of the Venus’ Gallery meant to adorn his residence. For the center of the composition the statue of the Tauride Venus was chosen. Whereas this masterpiece was purchased by chance almost last of all, the average quality of the whole collection seems to be rather high, the display having been planned not as decorative one, but as an exhibition based on both art and historic principles. Some new for Petrine culture context traits include discrete exposition of Classic statues (and their copies) and modern Italian pieces along with presence of several statues of the same character (untypical for garden and interior decorative style of the period). This way of thinking coms back to Kologrivov’s culture experience gathered in Italy and even in a shape of an unrealized proposal is an interesting example of a classic art museum space and reflected the latest trends in perception of the Antiquity in Russia and Europe in the beginning of the 18th century.