bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial experience with a continuous mechanical aspiration system for thrombus removal before percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mathews S. Jay , Brown Christopher L. , Kolski Brian C. , Marques Vasco M. , Huynh Andrew , Dohad Suhail Y. , George Jon C.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Here we investigate the safety and efficacy of a continuous mechanical aspiration system when used before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Background

Historically, trials of routine manual aspiration thrombectomy in ACS patients have reported mixed results. This may be due to the technical limitations of manual aspiration, which suffers from decreasing vacuum power as aspiration is performed.

Methods

This is a retrospective case series of all patients treated with continuous mechanical aspiration (Indigo CAT RX Aspiration System; Penumbra Inc.) before PCI between August 2017 and July 2020 at five centers in the United States. Data regarding angiographic assessments, procedure, and safety were examined.

Results

Seventy‐two patients (mean age 60 ± 12.5 years, 34.7% female) with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (80.6%) or Non‐ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (19.4%) were included. Target vessels were the right coronary (43.1%), left anterior descending (33.3%), and left circumflex (23.6%). Preprocedure, 94.4% had a high thrombus burden (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] thrombus grade ≥ 3). Median aspiration time was 35 s and median access‐to‐reperfusion time was 10 min. After CAT RX alone, 86.1% had complete perfusion (TIMI flow grade 3). After the procedure, 94.4% had TIMI thrombus grade <3% and 97.2% had TIMI flow grade 3. There were no cases of ischemic stroke. Cardiovascular mortality at 30 days was 1.4%.

Conclusions

In our initial experience, aspirating thrombus from ACS patients using the Indigo CAT RX Aspiration System before PCI was safe and effective for reducing thrombus burden and restoring flow.
Reducing use of triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a hospital‐wide quality improvement initiative
Authors: Earle William , Abdallah George , Meagher Sean , Shen Kaden , Gibson C. Michael , Ho Kalon K. L. , Secemsky Eric A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Trials have shown that for patients on oral anticoagulants (OAC), a short course of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with OAC reduces post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) bleeding without increasing ischemic events. Adoption of this strategy has been variable. We evaluated the impact of an institutional quality improvement (QI) initiative to reduce the use of triple therapy (TT, OAC + DAPT) and improve discharge communication post‐PCI.

Methods

A hospital‐wide QI initiative was developed to minimize time on TT post‐PCI. Interventions included institutional guidelines emphasizing discharge on OAC with a P2Y12 inhibitor or reducing TT duration to ≤30 days, changes to the computerized decision‐support system, and an educational curriculum for house staff. PCI patients 18 months before and after the initiative (2017–2020) were reviewed along with a faculty survey assessing prescribing practices to evaluate the efficacy of the interventions.

Results

Among 2797 PCIs reviewed, 431 were included based on OAC at discharge: 24.9% female, 80.1% White, and the mean age was 74 years. The most common indications for OAC were atrial fibrillation (70.1%) and left ventricular dysfunction (11.4%). Mean duration of TT decreased (58.7–37.8 days, p = 0.02) and patients discharged on TT ≤ 30 days increased (24%–37%, p = 0.019) after intervention. Of surveyed faculty (n = 20), 75.0% reported familiarity with the guidelines and 57.9% reported using them to make therapy decisions.

Conclusions

Following the implementation of a QI initiative, fewer patients were discharged on TT and shorter durations of TT were used. Similar initiatives should be considered at institutions with the prevalent use of TT post‐PCI.
Computational analysis of citric acid pertraction in emulsion liquid membranes
Authors: Ghanbari Saeed , Golmohammadi Morteza , Gostick Jeff
Published: October 2022

Citric acid is one of the most widely used acids in industry, and its recovery from waste streams is critical. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the most effective recovery methods that has been investigated in recent years. Numerous transport phenomena parameters affect the efficiency of this process. From the process equipment design point of view, optimization based on overall cost is of great importance, and important equipment sizing decisions/constraints must be considered. A physics‐based model for a full‐scale simulation of ELM systems is very useful. This work is focused on developing and verifying such a model. A coupled particle/mixture simulation was carried out in this work, and the modelling results were fitted on the experimental data. The novelty of this modelling work is physics‐based results based on the system's geometry and its effects on the mass transfer resistances. Since the model is physics‐based, the model is capable of simulating similar systems with any geometry or experimental conditions.
Established and emerging roles for ultrasound enhancing agents (contrast echocardiography)
Authors: Cotter Bruno , Raisinghani Ajit , DeMaria Anthony N.
Published: October 2022

The ability to opacify the left ventricle and delineate the endocardium after intravenous injection of microbubble ultrasound enhancing agents is of established value to quantify volumes and function in suboptimal unenhanced images, particularly in stress echocardiograms. However, applications other than quantitation of left ventricle structure and function exist for contrast enhanced left ventricular opacification. Contrast agents enable recording of Doppler velocity signals in patients with poor ultrasound transmission, providing estimates of aortic stenosis gradient and pulmonary artery pressures. Contrast echo is of value in detecting apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and accompanying apical aneurysms. Most importantly, ultrasound enhancing agents can identify apical and left atrial masses when they cannot be visualized in unenhanced images, and can distinguish thrombi from tumors by visualizing the vascularity inherent in tumors. Contrast agents distinguish trabecular from compacted myocardium in noncompaction syndrome, and hypertrabeculation with other abnormal conditions. A major potential application of ultrasound enhancing agents is myocardial opacification, which can assist in identifying nonviable myocardium. Also, the delayed reappearance of myocardial perfusion after microbubble destruction identifies impaired contrary flow and can diagnose coronary stenosis. Innovative applications of ultrasound contrast agents currently under investigation, include visualizing the vaso vasorum to identify plaques and assess their vulnerability, and theranostic agents to deliver drugs and biologists and to assist in sonothrombolysis. It is anticipated that the role of ultrasound contrast agents will continue to increase in the future.
Oncology biosimilars: New developments and future directions
Authors: Bachu Rinda Devi , Abou‐Dahech Mariam , Balaji Swapnaa , Boddu Sai H. S. , Amos Samson , Singh Vishal , Babu R. Jayachandra , Tiwari Amit K.
Published: October 2022

Biologicals have become an integral part of cancer treatment both as therapeutic agents and as supportive care agents. It is important to know that biologics are large, complex molecular entities requiring extensive immunogenicity testing and pharmacovigilance strategies to ensure no immune response is evoked in the body. Oncology's pharmacological market is dominated by biologics; however, their high development and manufacturing costs are burdensome to health care systems. Biologics being the most expensive prescription drugs on the market limit the accessibility for necessary treatment in the case of many patients. As biologics patents expire, the development of biosimilars is underway in an effort to lower costs and enable patients to access new cancer therapies. Regulatory guidelines for biosimilars have now been established and are constantly being revised to address any issues, facilitating their robust development. Moreover, many scientific societies offer guidance to help stakeholders better understand current regulations and biosimilar's safety. Despite the potential cost benefits, lack of knowledge about biosimilars, and the possibility of immunogenicity have created an uncertain environment for healthcare professionals and patients. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant legislation and regulations, pharmacoeconomics, and stakeholder perceptions regarding biosimilars. The article also describes biosimilars in development, as well as the ones currently available on the market.
Minding the gap‐relating disclosure to contexts of sustainability reporting in the automotive industry
Authors: Rhoden Imke , Ball Christopher Stephen , Vögele Stefan , Kuckshinrichs Wilhelm
Published: October 2022

Sustainability is a major issue in the automotive sector and players are at different points in their transition. Adopting a multi‐method approach, we identify the positioning of automotive manufacturers in relation to sustainability, highlighting the main foci of their sustainability strategies. This is achieved using a topic model based on automated language processing. Subsequently, we use a Seemingly Unrelated Regression model, applied to manufacturers' operational data, to establish the degree of alignment between sustainability strategies and operations. Results show that sustainability in the automotive sector is highly differentiated and manufacturers emphasize diverging topics in their communication strategy and have different production practices. In relation to sustainability reporting, we identify certain operational variables, which are significantly related with certain dominant sustainability narratives.
Towards preparing teachers for guiding inter‐affective learning experiences in a higher vocational education curriculum
Authors: den Heijer Pamela , Zondervan Ton , van Kan Carlos , Voogt Joke
Published: October 2022

Learning to become aware of one's own values to be able to cope with value conflicts is an important part of a higher vocational education curriculum. Higher vocational education teachers are used to offering cognitive learning experiences to students to teach them how to deal with value conflicts, disregarding the affective aspect of values. In this qualitative study, we argue that inter‐affective learning experiences are needed to encourage students to deal with value conflicts through affective involvement. We had two research questions: (1) How do teachers and students reflect on an inter‐affective learning experience that aims to promote interactive affective sharing of a value conflict? and (2) What should characterize guidance for inter‐affective learning experiences aimed at promoting interactive affective sharing of a value conflict? The research was carried out at a Dutch University of Applied Science offering higher vocational education programs. Four groups of teachers and two groups of students participated in an inter‐affective learning experience about a value conflict, followed by a focus group discussion on the experience with group members. Teachers and students agreed that they need support in learning to sense their own experience of inner feelings. The reflections led to recommendations for guiding students' inter‐affective learning experiences to encourage affective involvement in a value conflict.
Improving Wetting Behavior and C‐Rate Capability of Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Plasma Activation
Authors: Frankenberger Martin , Mock Christian , Kaden Nikolaj , Landwehr Inga , Veitl Jakob , Ophey Jannes , Schälicke Gerrit , Görke Marion , Holeczek Harald , Kwade Arno , Dröder Klaus , Pettinger Karl–Heinz
Published: October 2022

Atmospheric corona plasma activation was used at varied energy input levels to modify microsurfaces of cathodes and anodes, previous to assembly into lithium‐ion batteries. Correlations of the plasma activation grade are evaluated considering electrode topography, crystal structure change, electrolyte wetting characteristics, as well as C–rate capability and cycling stability. This reveals upper limits for plasma modification, as well as direct dependencies of possible hydrophilicity changes on electrode composition. Deeper insights into electrochemical impacts are gained by the application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing changes in C–rate capability to arise from changes in the cathode crystal lattice.
Recycling model of low‐carbon and closed‐loop supply chain considering government subsidies
Authors: Xie Jianmin , Jiang Maoting , Qin Qin , He Yi , Xie Deru
Published: October 2022

To find the manufacturer's optimal recycling mode under the dual factors of government subsidies and consumers' low‐carbon preference, we construct three game models by taking the wholesale price, retail price, recovery rate, and carbon emission reduction level as the decision variables. Then, Stackelberg Game and Mathematica 12.0 are used to work out the equilibrium strategies of the recovery model, then we reveal the impact of government subsidies and consumers' low‐carbon preference on the closed‐loop supply chain. (1) Entrusting retailers to recycle is the best choice. (2) The government subsidy to the manufacturer and retailer within a certain range is conducive to promoting recycling activities and has a positive impact on the manufacturer's cost savings and carbon emission reduction investment. Nevertheless, the effect of subsidizing the third party is not obvious. (3) Cultivating consumers' low‐carbon preference for low‐carbon/remanufactured products can not only directly promote the overall profit of the closed‐loop supply chain, but also increase the rate of recovery and level of carbon emission reduction. Thus, the government should increase the subsidized prices of manufacturers and retailers and there is no need to subsidize third parties. It is necessary to cultivate consumers' low‐carbon preference, which is conducive to promoting manufacturers' carbon emission reduction activities.
Comparative analysis of occupational radiation doses when decommissioning nuclear power plants
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Kong Tae Young , Kim Seong Jun , Choi Wo Suk , Son Jin Ho , Song Chang Ju , Kim Hwa Pyoung , Kim Si Young , Cho Moonhyung , Kim Hee Geun
Published: October 2022

Kori 1, the first commercial reactor in Korea, was permanently shut down in 2017 and is preparing for decommissioning in the mid‐2020s. Although Kori 1 is shut down, some radiation sources remain in the system; as such, the dismantling workers are exposed to radiation until decommissioning is completed. Unexpected radiation events have been reported in some decommissioning nuclear power plants (NPPs), which resulted in additional radiation exposure to workers and significant financial losses due to delays in the decommissioning schedule. Hence, an appropriate radiation protection program must be established to minimize radiation exposure as well as the economic burden. In this study, radiation doses from precedent decommissioning NPPs worldwide are compared with those estimated from Kori 1 to determine dose reduction measures that can achieve radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable to decommissioning workers.
Short‐term prediction of photovoltaic power generation based on neural network prediction model
Authors: Chai Mu , Liu Zhenan , He Kuanfang , Jiang Mian
Published: October 2022

Real‐time monitoring and accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation operation parameters are essential to ensure stable operation. In this paper, a set of online PV power generation parameter measurement and monitoring devices characterized by simple structure, high sampling accuracy, small data fluctuations, and ease of measurement, are designed. Sensors based on the zero‐flux principle are employed in the real‐time collection of the output electrical signals in the process of PV power generation, realizing the accurate collection of electric parameter signals. Next, the basic structure and working principle of PV cells are analyzed, a mathematical model of PV cells for engineering purposes is established, a wavelet neural network is selected to predict the short‐term PV power generation, and particle swarm optimization and adding momentum are used to optimize the weight of wavelet neural network (WNN) as well as the parameters of the wavelet basis function. Finally, the historical power generation data and meteorological data of the power station are taken as the training samples to train and simulate the prediction sub‐models of different weather types to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the PV power generation short‐term prediction model for optimizing the WNN based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The research results of this paper can realize real‐time monitoring of the output parameters and accurate prediction and evaluation of power generation during the operation of the PV‐power‐generation system.
Staged multicluster hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism and its influencing factors in horizontal wells for CBM development
Authors: Zhang Cun , Song Ziyu , Zhao Yixin
Published: October 2022

Staged multicluster fracturing (SMCF) is crucial for the low‐permeability coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs development. To reveal the fracture propagation mechanism and characteristics in SMCF and select appropriate hydraulic fracturing parameters, this study considers CBM exploitation in the Shizhuang block, Qinshui Basin in China as the engineering background. Then, XSite hydraulic fracturing software based on the discrete lattice theory and synthetic rock mass method is used to construct a three‐dimensional model. The influence mechanisms of the cluster spacing (CS) and lateral pressure coefficient (LPC) on the fractures propagation characteristics were investigated. With an increase in the CS, the stress interference between fractures gradually weakens, and the fracture deflection also decreases. Both the stimulated reservoir area (SRA) and fracture aperture of a single cluster increase with an increase in CS, but the SRA and fracturing efficiency exhibit limited growth when the CS is greater than 15 m. The SRA decreases exponentially with an increase in LPC. When the LPC increases from 0.4 to 1.4, the SRA decreases by 74.2%. The LPC plays a decisive role in the fracture propagation direction. When the LPC reaches 1.4, the fractures propagate along the horizontal direction. With an increase in LPC, the fracturing fluid pressure increases linearly, and the fracturing efficiency decreases exponentially. The results of this study reveal the fracture propagation law of SMCF and can provide a reference for engineering applications. In the SMCF at the 3# coal seam of the Shizhuang block, the CS can be set to approximately 15 m, and the CS can be appropriately reduced when the LPC is large.
Alcohol extracts of Chinese bayberry branch induce S‐phase arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Yu Zheping , Li Yougui , Zhong Shi , Sun Yuqing , Sun Li , Zheng Xiliang , Qi Xingjiang , Zhang Shuwen
Published: October 2022

The alcohol extracts of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) branches (MRBE) are rich in flavonoids which have a variety of medicinal benefits, but their effects on human HepG2 were unknown. In this study, the effects of MRBE on HepG2 cell growth and its potential for inhibiting cancer were explored. The results displayed that MRBE inhibited HepG2 proliferation both by arresting cells in S phase and promoting apoptosis. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence showed that MRBE induced S‐phase arrest by upregulating p21, which in turn downregulated cyclin and cyclin‐dependent kinase messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. Apoptosis was induced by blocking the expression of BCL‐2 and suppression of the Raf/ERK1 signaling pathways. These results indicated that MRBE may have the potential for treatment of human liver cancer, highlighting novel approaches for developing new pharmacological tools for the treatment of this deadly type cancer. Meanwhile, it provides a new direction for the medicinal added values of Chinese bayberry, which helped to broaden the diversified development of its industry chain.
Delineation of water flow paths in a tropical Andean headwater catchment with deep soils and permeable bedrock
Authors: Lahuatte Braulio , Mosquera Giovanny M. , Páez‐Bimos Sebastián , Calispa Marlon , Vanacker Veerle , Zapata‐Ríos Xavier , Muñoz Teresa , Crespo Patricio
Published: October 2022

Traditional hydrometric data combined with environmental tracers such as water stable isotopes contributes to improve the understanding of catchment hydrology. Nevertheless, the application of isotopic tracers in headwater catchments of the tropical Andes with deep soils and permeable parent material influenced by recent volcanism remains limited. In this study, the stable isotopic composition of precipitation, soil water, wetlands, and streamflow was studied to provide insights into the hydrology of a small tropical Andean catchment with deep and permeable volcanic soils, ash layers, and fractured bedrock resulting from Holocene volcanic activity. Although local precipitation forms under isotopic equilibrium conditions, the stable isotopic composition of precipitation is influenced by atmospheric moisture recycling processes. The spatial and temporal variability of isotopic signals and the analysis of inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) of surface (streamflow) and subsurface (soil and wetlands) waters indicate that vertical flow paths through the deep volcanic ash soils are dominant across the catchment. The strongly damped isotopic composition of these waters points to high soil and wetlands water storage, increasing the transit time or age of stream water in the hydrological system. These findings indicate that water mobilizing through subsurface flow paths–that is, volcanic soils, ash layers, and cracks in the fractured bedrock resulting from Holocene volcanism–is the main contributor to streamflow generation. Comparison with previously published work from Andean catchments and other volcanic areas shows the diversity of hydrological conditions that can be found as a result of pedological and lithological differences shaped by volcanic activity. Therefore, site‐specific strategies may be needed to improve water resources management.
Using particle size distributions to fingerprint suspended sediment sources—Evaluation at laboratory and catchment scales
Authors: Lake Niels F. , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Shaw Peter J. , Collins Adrian L.
Published: October 2022

Applications of sediment source fingerprinting studies are growing globally despite the high costs and workloads associated with the analyses of conventional fingerprint properties on target sediment samples collected using traditional methods. To this end, there is a need to test new fingerprint properties that can overcome these challenges. Sediment particle size could potentially contribute here since it is relatively easy to measure but, until now, has rarely been deployed as a fingerprint itself. Instead, particle size has been used to ensure that source and target sediment samples are more directly comparable on the basis of the fingerprints used. Accordingly, this work examined whether particle size distributions (PSDs) could be used as a reliable fingerprint for apportioning sediment sources, in combination with a grain size un‐mixing model. Application of PSDs as a fingerprint was tested at two scales: (i) in a laboratory setting where soil samples with known PSDs were used to generate artificial mixtures to evaluate un‐mixing model results, and (ii) a catchment setting comparing PSDs in a confluence‐based approach to test if downstream target sediment PSDs could be un‐mixed into the contributions of sediment coming from an upstream and a tributary sampling site. Laboratory results showed that the known proportions of the two, three and four soil samples in the artificial mixtures were predicted accurately using the AnalySize grain size un‐mixing model, giving average absolute errors of 9%, 8% and 6%, respectively. Catchment results showed variable performances when comparing un‐mixing results with sediment budget estimations, with the best results obtained at higher discharge values during storm runoff events. Overall, our results suggest the potential of using PSDs for estimating contributions of sediment sources delivering SS with distinct PSDs when sources are located at short distance to the downstream sampling site.
Feasibility of implementing cytology‐based cervical cancer screening national program in Lebanon: A pilot study
Authors: Seoud Muhieddine , Jaafar Iman , Hamadeh Randa , Ammar Walid , Atallah David , El‐Kak Faysal
Published: October 2022

Objective

To review our national cervical cancer screening program using existing Ministry of Public Health primary healthcare centers (PHCs) and report the impact of women's knowledge, attitude, behavior, and practices on screening uptake and outcome.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study on cervical cancer screening offered to sexually active Lebanese women aged 21 years and above visiting PHCs. Exclusions were history of complete hysterectomy, gynecologic cancers, and current pregnancy. Data were collected through a questionnaire and conventional cervical smear performed by trained healthcare providers and sent to one centralized cytopathology laboratory.

Results

Of 12 273 eligible women, 1.7% had an abnormal cervical smear test including 161 atypical squamous cells (ASC) of undetermined significance, 6 atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance, 16 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 17 ASC—cannot rule out high‐grade SIL, 11 high‐grade SIL, and one invasive carcinoma. Knowledge and attitudes significantly affected participation in screening; women lacking awareness had rarely undergone a cervical smear.

Conclusion

In Lebanon, cytology‐based cervical cancer screening is feasible within the PHCs. Positive screen incidence was low. Despite previous campaigns, a low level of knowledge persists, and affects women's com with the screening guidelines. Advocacy and awareness activities by key healthcare providers may help to improve participation.
Concurrent anorectal and cervical cytology in women with positive and negative cervical smear test results: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tehranian Afsaneh , Ghahghaei‐Nezamabadi Akram , Seifollahi Akram , Mansouri Parisa , Maleki‐Hajiagha Arezoo , Aghajani Reyhaneh
Published: October 2022

Objective

Considering the exponentially growing concerns about the increase of anal cancer rates in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, the authors evaluated concurrent anorectal and cervical cytology in women with positive and negative cervical smear tests.

Method

The current investigation was designed as a cross‐sectional study conducted in Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between November 2020 and November 2021. Cervical cytology, HPV test, and anal cytology samples were prepared. Then women with abnormal cervical cytology and/or positive high‐risk HPV were referred to a colposcopy clinic for further evaluation.

Results

Five hundred and forty‐three women were recruited during the study period. These women were divided into two groups of positive cervical cytology (n = 161) and negative cervical cytology (n = 382). There were no cases of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in either group. Negative anal cytology was reported in 99 (61.5%) of participants with a positive cervical cytology and 254 (66.7%) of participants with a negative cervical cytology. A total of 62 (38.5%) anal samples in the positive group and 127 (33.3%) in the negative group were unsatisfactory for further evaluation.

Conclusion

We were unable to show any correlation between abnormal cervical cytology, dysplasia, or cervical high‐risk HPV with anal abnormal cytology.
Experiences of women with advanced cervical cancer before starting the treatment: Systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Reis Bruna Sena , Nogueira Cristiane Matos , Meneses Aerica de Figueiredo Pereira , Mellado Bruna Helena , Candido dos Reis Francisco José
Published: October 2022

Background

Advanced stage and high mortality are characteristics of cervical cancer in developing countries. Comprehension of the diagnosis itinerary is one of the main strategies to control the disease impact.

Objectives

To identify reasons for the delay in diagnosing symptomatic cervical cancer according to the patient's perspectives reported in qualitative studies. We searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science).

Selection criteria

We included qualitative studies of women with advanced cervical cancer that explored their experiences before treatment. We excluded unoriginal, non‐qualitative, and duplicated studies.

Data collection and analysis

We selected 39 articles for a full‐text reading and included 15 in the present review. We chose the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) for quality assessment and The Model of Pathways to Treatment to guide the codifying process.

Main results

Four main themes emerged from the synthesis: (1) Health‐seeking motivators; (2) Obstacles to seeking medical care; (3) Diagnosis delay; and (4) Coping with the disease. These themes were derived from patients' personal knowledge and beliefs, social relationships, socioeconomic status, and healthcare system characteristics.

Conclusions

Individual behavior, social factors, and healthcare organization contribute to the delay in diagnosing advanced cervical cancer.
The breakthrough and the future: CD20 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Tan Su Yin Elaine , Hu Yong Xian , Huang He
Published: October 2022

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T‐cell therapy is one of the most effective treatments in curing hematologic malignancies. Besides the four CD19 CAR T‐cells therapy recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), CD20 CAR T‐cell therapy is now another effective treatment option for relapsed or refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). CD20 CAR T‐cell infusion has achieved remarkable clinical outcomes in patients with B‐cell malignancies. This review will cover the current situations, advantages, limitations, prospects, and application of CD20 CAR T‐cell therapy.
A comprehensive study of p53 protein
Authors: Patil Manisha R. , Bihari Anand
Published: October 2022

The protein p53 has been extensively investigated since it was found 43 years ago and has become a “guardian of the genome” that regulates the division of cells by preventing the growth of cells and dividing them, that is, inhibits the development of tumors. Initial proof of protein existence by researchers in the mid‐1970s was found by altering and regulating the SV40 big T antigen termed the A protein. Researchers demonstrated how viruses play a role in cancer by employing viruses' ability to create T‐antigens complex with viral tumors, which was discovered in 1979 following a viral analysis and cancer analog research. Researchers later in the year 1989 explained that in Murine Friend, a virus‐caused erythroleukemia, commonly found that p53 was inactivated to suggest that p53 could be a “tumor suppressor gene.” The TP53 gene, encoding p53, is one of human cancer's most frequently altered genes. The protein‐regulated biological functions of all p53s include cell cycles, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism of the DNA, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and immunological response. We tried to unfold the history of the p53 protein, which was discovered long back in 1979, that is, 43 years of research on p53, and how p53's function has been developed through time in this article.
Achievements and perspectives of synthetic biology in botanical insecticides
Authors: Wang Shengli , Zhan Chuanling , Chen Ruiqi , Li Weiguo , Song Hongjian , Zhao Guangrong , Wen Mingzhang , Liang Dongmei , Qiao Jianjun
Published: October 2022

Botanical insecticides are the origin of all insecticidal compounds. They have been widely used to control pests in crops for a long time. Currently, the commercial production of botanical insecticides extracted from plants is limited because of insufficient raw material supply. Synthetic biology is a promising and effective approach for addressing the current problems of the production of botanical insecticides. It is an emerging biological research hotspot in the field of botanical insecticides. However, the biosynthetic pathways of many botanical insecticides are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of botanical pesticides and low efficiency of these biosynthetic enzymes in new hosts make it still challenging for their heterologous production. In the present review, we summarized the recent developments in the heterologous production of botanical insecticides, analyzed the current challenges, and discussed the feasible production strategies, focusing on elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme engineering, host engineering, and cytotoxicity engineering. Looking to the future, synthetic biology promises to further advance heterologous production of more botanical pesticides.
Microbial volatile organic compounds 2‐heptanol and acetoin control Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato
Authors: Du Jianfeng , Ji Yatai , Li Yue , Liu Baoyou , Yu Yiming , Chen Dayin , Li Zhiwei , Zhao Tianfeng , Xu Xinning , Chang Qingle , Li Zimeng , Li Pengan , Jiang Yanke , Chen Yudong , Lu Chongchong , Wei Lansu , Wang Cunchen , Li Yang , Yin Ziyi , Kong Lingguang , Ding Xinhua
Published: October 2022

Some microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) can act as antagonistic weapons against plant pathogens, but little information is available on the contribution of individual mVOC to biocontrol and how they interact with plant pathogens. In this study, the Bacillus subtilis strain N‐18 isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy plants grown in areas where Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato occurs could reduce the 30% of the incidence of FCRR. Moreover, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by N‐18 had inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (FORL). The identification of VOCs of N‐18 was analyzed by the solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, we conducted sensitivity tests with these potential active ingredients and found that the volatile substances acetoin and 2‐heptanol can reduce the 41.33% and 35% of the incidence of FCRR in tomato plants. In addition, the potential target protein of acetoin, found in the cheminformatics and bioinformatics database, was F. oxysporum of hypothetical protein AU210_012600 (FUSOX). Molecular docking results further predicted that acetoin interacts with FUSOX protein. These results reveal the VOCs of N‐18 and their active ingredients in response to FORL and provide a basis for further research on regulating and controlling FCRR.
Miro1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and meiotic resumption of mouse oocyte
Authors: Xue Yue , Meng Tie‐Gang , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Liu Sai‐Li , Guo Jia‐Ni , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Schatten Heide , Song Chun‐Ying , Guo Xing‐Ping , Sun Qing‐Yuan
Published: October 2022

Miro1, a mitochondrial Rho GTPase1, is a kind of mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in the regulation of mitochondrial anterograde transport and its subcellular distribution. Mitochondria influence reproductive processes of mammals in some aspects. Mitochondria are important for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Miro1 regulates mouse oocyte maturation by altering mitochondrial homeostasis. We showed that Miro1 was expressed in mouse oocyte at different maturation stages. Miro1 mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and around the spindle during oocyte maturation. Small interference RNA‐mediated Miro1 depletion caused significantly abnormal distribution of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in severely impaired germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of mouse oocytes. For those oocytes which went through GVBD in the Miro1‐depleted group, part of them were inhibited in meiotic prophase I stage with abnormal chromosome arrangement and scattered spindle length. Our results suggest that Miro1 is essential for maintaining the maturation potential of mouse oocyte.
Mitochondria and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: Lessons learned from the past to improve future therapy
Authors: Pongsuwan Karn , Kusirisin Prit , Narongkiattikhun Phoom , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: October 2022

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorders (CKD‐MBD) is a common complication of CKD Stages 3–5. Hyperphosphatemia is one of the major metabolic components of CKD‐MBD, frequently resulting in vascular calcification (VC) in advanced‐stage patients. Also, a long duration of renal replacement therapy can cause the worsening of VC, leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular smooth muscle cells play an important role in the development of VC through osteochondrogenic transformation and the apoptotic process. It has been shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved with CKD progression, and excessive oxidative stress can aggravate osteoblastic transformation and VC. Currently, novel interventions targeting mitochondrial function and dynamics, in addition to mitochondrial antioxidants, have been studied with the aim of attenuating VC. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and discuss the experimental and clinical reports concerning mitochondrial studies, along with the purpose of interventions that can improve the outcomes of VC among CKD patients.
Laboratory validation and clinical performance of a saliva‐based test for monkeypox virus
Authors: Allan‐Blitz Lao‐Tzu , Carragher Kevin , Sukhija‐Cohen Adam , Ritchie Phyllis , Scott Hyman , Li Hong , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2022

Improved diagnostic tests and accessibility are essential for controlling the outbreak of monkeypox. We describe a saliva‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for monkeypox virus, in vitro test performance, and clinical implementation of that assay in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Palm Springs, CA. Finally, using prespecified search terms, we conducted a systematic rapid review of PubMed and Web of Science online databases of studies reporting the performance of oral pharyngeal or saliva‐based tests for the monkeypox virus. The assay showed in silico inclusivity of 100% for 97 strains of monkeypox virus, with an analytic sensitivity of 250 copies/ml, and 100% agreement compared to known positive and negative specimens. Clinical testing identified 22 cases of monkeypox among 132 individuals (16.7%), of which 16 (72.7%) reported symptoms, 4 (18.2%) without a rash at the time of testing. Of an additional 18 patients with positive lesion tests, 16 (88.9%) had positive saliva tests. Our systematic review identified six studies; 100% of tests on oropharyngeal specimens from 23 patients agreed with the PCR test result of a lesion. Saliva‐based PCR tests are potential tools for case identification, and further evaluation of the performance of such tests is warranted.
Effect of Functional Septorhinoplasty with Concha Bullosa Resection on Sinonasal Symptoms
Authors: Inan Serhat , Gultekin Goknil , Yilmaz Ismail , Buyuklu Adnan Fuat
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of functional septorhinoplasty (SRP) with and without concha bullosa resection (CBR) on sinonasal symptoms and nasal obstruction severity using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) scale.

Methods

Consecutive adult participants who underwent SRP were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (SRPwCB) underwent SRP with CBR (bulbous or extensive type MTs), and Group 2 (SRPO) underwent SRP only (normal or lamellar‐type MTs). The NOSE and SNOT‐22 scales were assessed preoperatively and at the 3‐month follow‐up evaluation. Patient demographics, self‐reported outcomes, nasoseptal angle (NSA), and Lund‐Mackay scores (LMS) were analyzed.

Results

There were 119 participants (SRPwCB n = 57; SPRO n = 62). There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, allergy, smoking, LMS, and NSA according to the presence of MTCB. Compared to SRPO, SRPwCB patients had significantly higher preoperative NOSE and SNOT‐22 scores, whereas their postoperative NOSE and SNOT‐22 scores were similar. SRPwCB patients also had significantly more postnasal discharge, ear fullness, facial pain/pressure, poor sleep, night waking, daytime fatigue, sense of taste/smell, and blockage symptoms before surgery compared with SRPO patients.

Conclusion

SRPwCB patients had higher nasal obstruction and sinonasal symptom scores and greater improvement after surgery than SRPO patients. Therefore, evaluating the middle turbinate before functional SRP may be an important for surgical treatment of sinonasal symptoms.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1375–1381, 2023
Slippery or sticky nano‐porous silica coatings impregnated with squalane: The role of oil over‐layer
Authors: Ubuo Emmanuel E. , Paunov Vesselin N. , Horozov Tommy S.
Published: October 2022

Surface designs and wetting mechanisms of Nepenthes pitcher plant provide useful guiding principles for achieving control over the wettability of solid surfaces as mimicked in slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). Here, the effect of the over‐layer thicknesses was investigated by gradual impregnation of porous silica coatings with squalane. Characterisation and wettability of the coatings at various stages of the impregnation were studied using fluorescence microscopy, gravimetric analysis and water contact/sliding angle measurements. The technique allowed us to progressively generate variable thicknesses of the oil over‐layers and systematically tune the wetting behaviour of the coatings. The results clarify that very thin oil over‐layer may not lead to slippery surface and the slipperiness of the coated surfaces was observed to increase with increase in the thickness of the over‐layer. It is suggested that fabricated SLIPSs be accompanied with specified workable thickness of the oil over‐layer in order to clearly evaluate their efficiencies.
Utility of high‐resolution ultrasound in measuring subcutaneous fat thickness
Authors: Anvery Noor , Wan Hoi Ting , Dirr McKenzie A. , Christensen Rachel E. , Weil Alexandra , Raja Sabina , Reynolds Kelly A. , Kyllo Rachel L. , Makin Inder Raj S. , Poon Emily , Alam Murad
Published: October 2022

Objective

Previous studies conclude that high‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS) enables noninvasive and accurate measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness. The primary objective of this cross‐sectional study was to better characterize subcutaneous fat thickness measurements in a diverse patient population using HRUS. Secondarily, we sought to correlate these measurements with patients' body image.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study to measure subcutaneous fat measurements at seven distinct anatomic sites, including upper and lower extremities, submental, and torso regions, in 40 men and women of different ages and races using HRUS. Independent t‐tests and analysis of variance were performed to analyze findings.

Results

In our patient population, on average, women had thicker subcutaneous fat than men at all anatomic sites. Asian patients had significantly reduced fat thickness at peripheral anatomic sites, such as arms when compared to patients who identified as Black and Other (p = 0.05 and p = 0.008, respectively). Lastly, women reported decreased total body satisfaction at all anatomic sites when compared to men.

Conclusion

The information obtained and methods developed in this study may be utilized clinically during patient selection for fat reduction procedures, including for estimating the degree of likely benefit; for managing pathologies involving subcutaneous fat thickness alteration; and to monitor the progression of lipodystrophy secondary to disease or drugs.
A randomized split‐face comparative study of long‐pulsed alexandrite plus low‐fluence Nd:YAG laser versus pulsed‐dye laser in the treatment of rosacea
Authors: Park Sujin , Lee Joo Hee , Kang Eunji , Kim Hyun , Kim Ji Young , Lee Eun Jung , Bae Yu Jeong , Kim Jihee , Oh Sang Ho
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of long‐pulsed alexandrite laser (LPAL) with that of pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) for rosacea.

Methods

This was a single‐blind randomized controlled trial on 27 patients who were clinically diagnosed with rosacea. Randomly assigned split face in each patient received four times monthly treatment of LPAL plus low‐fluence Nd:YAG with the contralateral side serving as the control treated with PDL. At every visit, the erythema index (EI) was measured with skin analysis systems, and two independent dermatologists evaluated digital photographs for five‐point global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS).

Results

The EI significantly decreased on both treated sides (LPAL 366.5 ± 101.0 vs. 295.8 ± 90.2, p < 0.001, PDL 369.0 ± 124.3 vs. 302.7 ± 92.1, p < 0.001) 1 month after fourth treatment (visit 5). Also 3 months after the fourth treatment (visit 6), the reduction in the EI was well maintained on both sides (LPAL 360.3 ± 96.8 vs. 282.0 ± 89.2, p < 0.001, PDL 364.3 ± 121.6 vs. 281.6 ± 97.8, p < 0.001). When comparing the improvement in the EI between the two groups, the percentage reduction in the EI on the LPAL‐treated side was not inferior to the PDL‐treated side (visit 5: LPAL 18.7 ± 15.7% vs. PDL 16.4 ± 12.9%, p = 0.501 and visit 6: LPAL 21.7 ± 13.9% vs. PDL 21.9 ± 15.2%, p = 0.943). The GAIS and patient satisfaction were comparable between the LPAL and PDL sides and did not show any significant difference. No serious adverse events occurred on either of the treated sides.

Conclusion

This study showed that the decrease in EI in the treatment of rosacea was comparable between PDL and LPAL. Therefore, LPAL could be a promising alternative treatment option with good merits for rosacea, considering no consumables are required for device maintenance.
Combination of monopolar 2 MHz radiofrequency and electrical multidirectional stimulation for reducing abdominal circumference and enhancing the muscle definition in subjects with overweight range body mass index
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Nanchaipruek Yanisorn , Gervasio Mia Katrina , Lektrakul Nittaya , Apinuntham Chalermkwan
Published: October 2022

Background

The popularity of noninvasive body contouring procedures has been steadily increasing in recent years, however, studies evaluating its effectiveness in individuals with overweight range body mass index (BMI) are limited.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined 2 MHz radiofrequency (RF) and electrical multidirectional stimulation (EMDS) for the improvement of the abdominal contour in subjects with overweight range BMI.

Methods

Twelve participants with overweight range BMI (23.6–24.9 kg/m2) underwent a single RF treatment, followed by a series of six EMDS treatments. Follow‐up assessments (abdominal circumference [AC] and skinfold thickness measurements) were scheduled 1, 2, and 3 months after the final session.

Results

At 1 month after the final treatment, a 3.1% (2.6 ± 0.47 cm, mean ± SD) significant reduction in mean AC was observed (p ˂ 0.001) and a maximal skinfold thickness reduction of 14% (4.6 ± 1.1 mm) was also noted (p = 0.032). Transient dysesthesia lasting 2–3 hours after EMDS treatment was the most common adverse effect reported by 5 of 12 subjects (41.7%), with no other serious side effects.

Conclusions

Combined RF and EMDS treatments are safe and effective, yielding significant reductions in both AC and skinfold thickness in patients with overweight range BMI, causing only minimal and transient adverse effects.