bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVOLUÇÃO EDUCA
Authors: Lenin Vladimir Iilich Ulianov
Published: June 2017

As divergências de opinião entre partidos políticos e no seu interior são em geral resolvidas pelo próprio correr da vida política e pelos debates teóricos. Em especial, sob a pressão dos acontecimentos, que desmentem os raciocínios errados e os privam da sua razão de ser, lhes retiram toda a actualidade, aqueles que defendiam essas opiniões passam a formas de luta válidas, e os desacordos sobre a táctica do Partido, isto é, sobre o seu comportamento político, são resolvidos na prática. Daqui não se segue, naturalmente, que as divergências de princípio nas questões de táctica não exijam clarificações de princípio, as únicas que podem manter o Partido à altura das suas convicções teóricas. Segue-se apenas que é necessário, tantas vezes quantas possível, submeter as decisões tácticas à contraprova dos novos acontecimentos políticos. Essa contraprova é necessária, tanto do ponto de vista da teoria como do da prática: da teoria, para nos convencermos pelos factos da justeza das resoluções adoptadas e darmo-nos conta das modificações que é preciso introduzir-lhes, em resultado dos novos acontecimentos políticos surgidos; da prática, para aprendermos a inspirar-nos verdadeiramente nessas resoluções, a vê-las como directivas destinadas a uma aplicação imediata e efectiva.
CONHECIMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS SOBRE O CONTEÚDO DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS
Authors: Degenhart Larissa , Vogt Mara , Biavatti Vania Tanira
Published: June 2017

Este estudo objetiva identificar a efetivação do perfil do egresso definido pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do oeste catarinense. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de levantamento de dados, por meio de questionário estruturado, aplicado aos acadêmicos do sétimo período de Ciências Contábeis da FAI Faculdades de Itapiranga, Santa Catarina (SC), com abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que a FAI Faculdades apresenta-se alinhada com o que instituem as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em seu artigo 4º para o curso de Ciências Contábeis, porém, em alguns aspectos precisa ser revisada, pois a maioria dos acadêmicos revelou que não possuem conhecimento adequado da legislação inerente as funções contábeis para poder aplicá-las e não estão preparados para desenvolver, analisar e implantar sistemas de informação contábil e de controle gerencial.
ANÁLISE DO CUSTO MÉDIO POR UM MÉTODO HÍBRIDO DO ABC E UEP EM UMA EMPRESA AUSTRALIANA QUE OPERA EM MODALIDADE DE HOME OFFICE
Authors: Machado de Freitas Marcelo , Borgert Altair , Flach Leonardo
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo encontrar os custos médios dos serviços prestados de uma empresa australiana prestadora de serviços e que opera em modalidade de home office, através da implementação de um método híbrido do ABC e do UEP. Trata-se de um estudo de caso e de caráter exploratório. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas e de pesquisa documental, utilizando-se de demonstrações financeiras e relatórios gerenciais da empresa. Os resultados mostram que o serviço de Qualifed Lead possui o maior custo unitário ($ 408,33). Concluiu-se por fim, que mesmo com as dificuldades apresentadas na implementação do modelo hibrido no presente estudo, o resultado mostrou-se satisfatório e aplicável, oferecendo informações importantes ao gestor da empresa.
A PERCEPÇÃO DA PROFISSÃO CONTÁBIL SOB A ÓTICA DE TRÊS PÚBLICOS: ALUNOS, CONTABILISTAS E PROFISSIONAIS LIGADOS À OUTRAS ÁREAS
Authors: BRITO JOÃO DE DEUS FERREIRA DE , NASCIMENTO JOÃO CARLOS HIPÓLITO BERNARDES DO , SOUSA WELLINGTON DANTAS DE , BERNARDES JULIANA REIS , SANTOS JOSAIAS SANTANA DOS
Published: June 2017

Partindo dos insights de Nascimento et al. (2012), o presente estudo buscou conhecer a percepção de graduandos em Contabilidade, Contadores e da sociedade, acerca dos atributos da profissão de Contabilidade. Para tal, através de um questionário com 24 (vinte e quatro) atributos desenvolvido por Hardin, O’bryan e Quirin (2000), foi conduzido um estudo de campo na região do Vale do São Francisco. Como ferramenta à análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de variância de um fator (One-Way ANOVA) e, posteriormente, testes Post Hoc a um nível de significância de 0,05, dado o interesse de identificar em quais atributos os três públicos pesquisados ostentam visões distintas. Foram notados indícios que possibilitam concluir que as maiores distorções de percepção encontram-se nos atributos ‘Satisfação no trabalho’, ‘Estabilidade no emprego’ e ‘Nível ético’, sendo que os graduandos apresentaram as menores médias nos três atributos. Assim, conclui-se que a percepção deste público não é satisfatória para uma profissão tão promissora, sendo de bom alvitre os órgãos como CRC e CFC, como também as universidades, divulgarem melhor a importância da profissão Contábil.
IMPACTO DO RECONHECIMENTO DOS PASSIVOS CONTINGENTES NA SITUAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS AUDITADAS PELAS BIG FOUR.
Authors: Jesus Simone Silva de , Souza Maíra Melo de
Published: June 2017

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os impactos do reconhecimento dos passivos contingentes na situação econômica de empresas brasileiras auditadas pelas big four. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa através de investigação documental. Do universo de empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&FBOVESPA), foi analisada uma amostra de 50 empresas brasileiras no ano de 2014, todas auditadas por big four. Os resultados demonstram que, caso as contingências passivas fossem reconhecidas, 60% das empresas diminuiriam seu lucro em mais de 100%, e 6% apresentariam a situação de passivo a descoberto. Constatou-se que as empresas auditadas pela PricewaterhouseCoopers e Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu foram as que melhor atenderam as exigências estabelecidas pelo CPC-25/2009 quanto a divulgação de passivos contingentes.
A PERCEPÇÃO DE BACHARÉIS EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS SOBRE A ADOÇÃO DO PRONUNCIAMENTO CPC PME
Authors: Mazzioni Sady , Rebonatto Cristian , Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Politelo Leandro
Published: June 2017

A partir da emissão de documento simplificado pelo Comitê dos Pronunciamentos Contábeis para a adequação das normas internacionais de contabilidade, o objetivo do estudo é analisar as percepções dos bacharéis em Ciências Contábeis sobre a adoção da normativa contábil CPC PME pelas pequenas e médias empresas. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, realizada por meio de levantamento, com abordagem quantitativa e coleta de dados realizada por meio da aplicação de questionário. Os resultados apontam que os entrevistados reconhecem a importância do teste de recuperabilidade e da divulgação mais ampla das políticas contábeis adotadas pelas empresas. Dentre os principais impactos causados pela adoção do CPC PME, o estudo aponta para a maior relevância da informação contábil produzida, a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais contábeis e de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as atividades desenvolvidas pelos clientes. Constatou-se a escassez de profissionais contábeis capacitados para aplicação da normativa e a necessidade de profissionalização para a geração de informações adequadas à norma vigente.
EVIDENCIAÇÃO CONTÁBIL NA GESTÃO PÚBLICA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS RELATÓRIOS DIVULGADOS PELOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DA BAIXADA SANTISTAÍPIOS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DA BAIXADA SANTISTA
Authors: Carvalho Sanchez André Felipe
Published: June 2017

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o nível de evidenciação e divulgação das informações obrigatórias disponibilizadas na internet pelos municípios da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, no período de 2010 a 2012. Estudo exploratório, qualitativo e realizado por pesquisa documental. Foram levantados os relatórios e demonstrativos compulsórios no período, especificamente, os quatro demonstrativos da Lei 4.320/1964, os anexos LOA, LDO, RGF, e o RREO, exigidos pela LRF. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que quanto aos quatro demonstrativos da Lei 4.320, apenas o município de São Vicente alcançou evidenciação nos três anos. Quanto aos relatórios exigidos pela LRF, apenas os municípios de Santos, Cubatão, Praia Grande e Peruíbe divulgaram os dois Relatórios nos três anos. Quanto à LOA e LDO, apenas os municípios de Santos, Praia Grande, Cubatão e Bertioga obtiveram evidenciação praticamente completa. Por fim, o município com o maior nível de evidenciação foi Praia Grande.
A Disciplina de Governança Corporativa e sua Oferta nos Cursos de Pós-Graduação Recomendados pela Capes em Ciências Contábeis, Administração e Economia do Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Camila Catarine de Araujo , Lima Victor Godeiro de Medeiros
Published: June 2017

A presente pesquisa objetiva identificar se os cursos de Pós-Graduação nas áreas de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Economia disponibilizam disciplinas e conteúdos relacionados à Governança em suas ementas curriculares. A pesquisa envolveu um universo de 199 Cursos de Pós-Graduação, dos quais se obteve uma amostra final de 77 disciplinas relacionadas, especificamente, ou ao tema de Governança. A metodologia adotada constitui-se de pesquisa exploratória, documental e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que apenas 56 Cursos, ou seja, apenas 28% dos Cursos de Pós-Graduação destas áreas possuem disciplinas relacionadas à Governança Corporativa. Ademais, verificou-se a oferta de 77 disciplinas das quais foram ofertadas 23 por Cursos de Mestrado e Doutorado, 21 por cursos de Mestrado Acadêmico e 30 por Cursos de Mestrado Profissional. Identificou-se que os tópicos mais freqüentes foram os conteúdos básicos da Governança Corporativa em que 32 disciplinas abordaram este tema em suas ementes curriculares.
DETERMINANTES PARA DIVULGAÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA DE DEMONSTRAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS EM WEBSITES DE MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Rocha Lilia Lourenço Ramos , Costa Fábio Moraes da
Published: June 2017

Esta pesquisa analisa os determinantes políticos, institucionais, sociais e financeiros dos municípios para a divulgação voluntária dos demonstrativos contábeis disciplinados pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal 101/2000 e pela Lei 4.320/64, com base em dados coletados nos websites de municípios do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam que os municípios em que o prefeito foi reeleito e que descumpriram os limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade fiscal têm maiores chances de divulgar voluntariamente demonstrações contábeis. Por outro lado, existem indícios de que municípios com maior competição política possuem menor probabilidade de divulgação de alguns demonstrativos. Os achados indicam que apenas algumas características políticas, sociais e financeiras são determinantes para divulgação voluntária de informações financeiras nos websites, podendo contribuir para o estabelecimento de medidas que incentivem tal comportamento pelos gestores público se com o intuito de ampliar o acesso às informações pela população.
EVIDÊNCIAS DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESULTADOS NOS SISTEMAS DE RECOMPENSAS DE EXECUTIVOS: UM ESTUDO EM EMPRESAS COM NIVEIS DIFERENCIADOS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA
Authors: Panucci-Filho Laurindo , Carmona Linda Jéssica de Montreuil
Published: June 2017

Este artigo investigou evidências da relação entre os sistemas de recompensas de altos executivos e o gerenciamento de resultados contábeis, mediada por estruturas de governança corporativa, atuantes em uma amostra de 126 empresas de capital aberto, algumas das quais pertencem aos níveis de governança corporativa da BMF & Bovespa. O período investigado foi de 2012 a 2014, com dados coletados na base Economática® e analisados por meio de regressão de dados em painel, considerando as variáveis de recompensas: remuneração da Diretoria, do Conselho de Administração e do Conselho Fiscal e as variáveis de governança corporativa como tamanho, dualidade e independência do conselho. Foi utilizado o modelo de Jones Modificado (1991) para a estimativa dos accruals discricionários. Os resultados confirmaram que o exercício do gerenciamento de resultados se mostrou relacionada às remunerações de executivos nas empresas estudadas e que a prática de governança corporativa explica a relação entre os sistemas de recompensas e o gerenciamento de resultados.
INSTRUMENTOS FINANCEIROS E ÍNDICES CONTÁBEIS EM INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS
Authors: Salgado Samuel De Resende , Serrano Andre Luiz Marques , Wilbert Marcelo Driemeyer , Araujo Neto Luiz Medeiros de , Peña Carlos Rosano
Published: June 2017

A prescrição para contabilização de operações compromissadas produz uma duplicação do ativo, embora o patrimônio permaneça o mesmo, consequentemente os índices contábeis que derivam do ativo podem estar distorcidos. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa é identificar, estatisticamente, os possíveis impactos das operações compromissadas sobre índices contábeis em instituições financeiras. Para as instituições financeiras em estudo foram calculados índices contábeis incluindo as operações compromissadas no valor do ativo e posteriormente, excluindo-as do ativo dos balanços semestrais referentes aos exercícios de 2009 a 2013. Os resultados dos testes revelaram a existência de impacto em apenas um índice calculado. Assim, a partir do presente estudo foi possível concluir que a forma de contabilização das operações compromissadas não mostrou-se capaz de provocar mudanças significativas em índices contábeis das instituições financeiras analisadas. Não significa, porém, que não possa ocorrer impactos nos índices, dependendo, para isso, do volume das operações.
A fotografia como forma de expressão
Authors: Saia Neto José
Published: June 2017

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As coleções fotográficas do Hospital psiquiátrico de Miguel Bombarda
Authors: Cascais António Fernando
Published: June 2017

No âmbito do Projeto de I&D “História da Cultura Visual da Medicina em Portugal”, coordenado pelo autor, foram encontrados vários conjuntos de fotografias no Hospital Miguel Bombarda, o mais antigo hospital psiquiátrico português. Dois deles são particularmente relevantes do ponto de vista científico e psiquiátrico. O primeiro data do início do século XX (antes de 1910) e o segundo e maior das décadas de 1920 e 1930 e foram criados na(s) época(s) em que os eminentes psiquiatras portugueses Miguel Bombarda e Sobral Cid foram diretores da instituição. As fotografias pretendiam retratar os estigmas característicos da doença mental e são analisadas no presente texto sob o prisma teórico e o campo concetual da Cultura Visual da Medicina. O uso da fotografia na medicina, tendo gozado de grande favor como instrumento de revelação do invisível (o inconsciente ótico) ao olhar médico, na medida em que captava a realidade dos sintomas e dos estigmas enfim fixados em provas verdadeiras e objetivas capazes de se substituir à retórica das descrições e especulações próprias da narrativa, perdeu credibilidade e autoridade à medida que foram mudando os estilos de raciocínio médico, as conceções de saúde e de doença e as atitudes sociais e políticas.
Fotografias, arte e museus: da colisão à expansão
Authors: Martins Susana S
Published: June 2017

Este artigo aborda a associação existente entre fotografia, arte contemporânea e museus, procurando investigar os modos como ela foi sendo desafiada pela revolução digital. A partir da obra de Joachim Schmid, este trabalho examina as estratégias museológicas que o artista desenvolveu, e subverteu, na sua prática, para questionar e reconfigurar os enquadramentos institucionais da arte e dos museus. Questões relacionadas com a reciclagem e a (i)materialidade dos objectos fotográficos são aqui particularmente aprofundadas para compreender as novas formas de apropriação artística e de legitimação cultural que caracterizam o actual contexto tecnológico da fotografia.
A dialética do ‘negativo 25’: algumas notas e analogias da materialidade em narrativas fotográficas
Authors: Geiger Amir , Ribeiro Leila Beatriz
Published: June 2017

Pretendemos com esse ensaio apresentar e debater algumas questões tendo como argumento panorâmico a ideia de narrativas visuais e fotografia. Metodologicamente fazemos uso de uma narrativa cinematográfica que se origina de um conto publicado em meados do século XX. Nossa abordagem pretende entender, em primeiro lugar, como o personagem da narrativa (tanto fílmica, como literária) passa de uma realidade fantasiosa e “quase medíocre” para um protagonismo “quase heroico”. Uma segunda questão, que o filme aponta e nos instiga à discussão, é a passagem do analógico para o digital, suas distintas ‘materialidades’ da nossa relação (ética e estética) com o mundo e a história. Teoricamente, nos inscrevemos em um interesse contemporâneo pela assim chamada “materialidade” da informação, mas, com algum espírito interdisciplinar, nos referimos a um quadro variado de autores das ciências humanas e sociais. Afirmamos que no filme, esse processo de transição não somente corresponde a uma mudança de técnicas e formatos de obtenção e visualização de imagens, mas está associado, também, a uma mudança mais geral nas relações de trabalho.
Atmospheric dust events in central Asia: Relationship to wind, soil type, and land use
Authors: Pi Huawei , Sharratt Brenton , Lei Jiaqiang
Published: June 2017

Xinjiang Province in northwest China is one of the most important source regions of atmospheric dust in the world. Spatial‐temporal characteristics of dust events in the province were investigated by time series analysis of annual dust event frequency and meteorological data collected at 101 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2007. Blowing dust frequency (BDF) and dust storm frequency (DSF) decreased with time in North, South, and East Xinjiang whereas floating dust frequency (FDF) decreased with time only in South and East Xinjiang. Dust concentrations were lower in North than in South Xinjiang and decreased with time in East Xinjiang. Wind significantly influenced the temporal trend in FDF, BDF, and DSF in South Xinjiang and DSF in North Xinjiang. Frequency of dust events was smaller by an order of magnitude in North (10.9 d yr−1) than in South Xinjiang (111.3 d yr−1), possibly due in part to higher annual precipitation in North Xinjiang. Floating dust was most frequently observed in East and South Xinjiang, while blowing dust was most frequently observed in North Xinjiang. The high frequency of floating dust in East and South Xinjiang is likely due to the enclosed terrain that characterizes these regions. Land use and soil type also influenced dust events. Although climate influences frequency of dust events, the occurrence of these events may be reduced most effectively by imposing better land management practices in deciduous forests or orchards characterized by saline soils in respectively North and East Xinjiang and meadows characterized by Guanyu soils in South Xinjiang.
Reconciling the deformational dichotomy of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura New Zealand earthquake
Authors: Furlong Kevin P. , Herman Matthew
Published: June 2017

Following the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, uncertainty over the nature of the coseismic rupture developed. Seismological evidence pointed to significant involvement of the subduction megathrust, while geodetic and field observations pointed to a shallow set of intracrustal faults as the main participants during the earthquake. The addition of tsunami observations and modeling as reported in Bai et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073717) places additional constraints on the specific location of coseismic slip, which when combined with other observations indicates the simultaneous occurrence of shallow slip on the subduction interface and slip on overlying, upper crustal fault structures. This Kaikoura‐style earthquake, involving synchronous ruptures on multiple components of the plate boundary, is an important mode of plate boundary deformation affecting seismic hazard along subduction zones.
Covert Photonic Barcodes Based on Light Controlled Acidichromism in Organic Dye Doped Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Microdisks
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Wei Cong , Yan Yongli , Zhang Wei , Dong Haiyun , Zhao Jinyang , Yi Jun , Zhang Chunhuan , Li Yong Jun , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: June 2017

Photonic barcodes with a small footprint have demonstrated a great value for multiplexed high‐throughput bioassays and tracking systems. Attempts to develop coding technology tend to focus on the generation of featured barcodes both with high coding capacity and accurate recognition. In this work, a strategy to design photonic barcodes is proposed based on whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) modulations in dye‐doped microdisk resonant cavities, where each modulated photoluminescence spectrum constitutes the fingerprint of a corresponding microdisk. The WGM‐based barcodes can achieve infinite encoding capacity through tuning the dimensions of the microdisks. These photonic barcodes can be well disguised and decoded based on the light controlled proton release and acidichromism of the organic materials, which are essential to fulfill the functions of anti‐counterfeiting, information security, and so on. The results will pave an avenue to new types of flexible WGM‐based components for optical data recording and security labels.
Highly Flexible and Efficient Solar Steam Generation Device
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Li Yiju , Song Jianwei , Yang Zhi , Kuang Yudi , Hitz Emily , Jia Chao , Gong Amy , Jiang Feng , Zhu J. Y. , Yang Bao , Xie Jia , Hu Liangbing
Published: June 2017

Solar steam generation with subsequent steam recondensation has been regarded as one of the most promising techniques to utilize the abundant solar energy and sea water or other unpurified water through water purification, desalination, and distillation. Although tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing high‐efficiency solar steam generation devices, challenges remain in terms of the relatively low efficiency, complicated fabrications, high cost, and inability to scale up. Here, inspired by the water transpiration behavior of trees, the use of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐modified flexible wood membrane (F‐Wood/CNTs) is demonstrated as a flexible, portable, recyclable, and efficient solar steam generation device for low‐cost and scalable solar steam generation applications. Benefitting from the unique structural merits of the F‐Wood/CNTs membrane—a black CNT‐coated hair‐like surface with excellent light absorbability, wood matrix with low thermal conductivity, hierarchical micro‐ and nanochannels for water pumping and escaping, solar steam generation device based on the F‐Wood/CNTs membrane demonstrates a high efficiency of 81% at 10 kW cm−2, representing one of the highest values ever‐reported. The nature‐inspired design concept in this study is straightforward and easily scalable, representing one of the most promising solutions for renewable and portable solar energy generation and other related phase‐change applications.
α‐Keto Thioesters as Building Blocks for Accessing γ‐Hydroxybutenolides and Oxazoles
Authors: Mal Kanchan , Das Indrajit
Published: June 2017

α‐Keto thioesters, with two electrophilic carbon centres, have been found to react differently with β‐keto esters and isocyanoacetates. They undergo base induced Knoevenagel‐type condensation on the keto carbonyl group with β‐keto esters, followed by intramolecular cyclization and water addition leads to highly substituted γ‐hydroxybutenolides. On the other hand, substituted oxazole derivatives have been obtained using isocyanoacetates via nucleophilic displacement on the thioester carbonyl followed by intramolecular cyclization. Further functionalization of the γ‐hydroxybutenolides is also demonstrated via a BF3.OEt2‐mediated cation‐driven nucleophilic addition of terminal alkynes to access multiply substituted butenolides.

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Metal–free C5‐H Bromination of Quinolines for One‐pot C−X (X=C, O, S) Bond Formations
Authors: Li You , Zhu Longzhi , Cao Xin , Au Chak‐Tong , Qiu Renhua , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: June 2017

We developed an efficient and convenient method for metal‐free bromination of 8‐aminoquinoline scaffolds on the C5 position that is geometrically inaccessible. And this bromination step can be followed in a one‐pot manner with five kinds of C−X (X=C, O, S) cross‐coupling reactions without any extra workup, such as removal of the solvent or filtration for the separation of intermediate. The reaction tolerates a wide scope of alkyl and aryl amides as well as (hetero)aryl boronic acids, generating the corresponding arylation products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the one‐pot alkenylation, alkynylation, thiolation and phenoxylation of quinolines on the C5 position can be efficiently realized using this brominated quinoline amide molecular platform. Thus, the method shows high practical potential in industrial organic synthesis.

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Exploiting Lithium–Ether Co‐Intercalation in Graphite for High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Haegyeom , Lim Kyungmi , Yoon Gabin , Park Jae‐Hyuk , Ku Kyojin , Lim Hee‐Dae , Sung Yung‐Eun , Kang Kisuk
Published: June 2017

The intercalation of lithium ions into graphite electrode is the key underlying mechanism of modern lithium‐ion batteries. However, co‐intercalation of lithium‐ions and solvent into graphite is considered undesirable because it can trigger the exfoliation of graphene layers and destroy the graphite crystal, resulting in poor cycle life. Here, it is demonstrated that the [lithium–solvent]+ intercalation does not necessarily cause exfoliation of the graphite electrode and can be remarkably reversible with appropriate solvent selection. First‐principles calculations suggest that the chemical compatibility of the graphite host and [lithium–solvent]+ complex ion strongly affects the reversibility of the co‐intercalation, and comparative experiments confirm this phenomenon. Moreover, it is revealed that [lithium–ether]+ co‐intercalation of natural graphite electrode enables much higher power capability than normal lithium intercalation, without the risk of lithium metal plating, with retention of ≈87% of the theoretical capacity at current density of 1 A g−1. This unusual high rate capability of the co‐intercalation is attributed to the (i) absence of the desolvation step, (ii) negligible formation of the solid–electrolyte interphase on graphite surface, and (iii) fast charge‐transfer kinetics. This work constitutes the first step toward the utilization of fast and reversible [lithium–solvent]+ complex ion intercalation chemistry in graphite for rechargeable battery technology.
Mechanistic Insight Leads to a Ligand Which Facilitates the Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of 2‐(Hetero)Arylaminooxazoles and 4‐(Hetero)Arylaminothiazoles
Authors: Olsen Esben P. K. , Arrechea Pedro L. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: June 2017

By using mechanistic insight, a new ligand (EPhos) for the palladium‐catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling between primary amines and aryl halides has been developed. Employing an isopropoxy group at the C3‐position favors the C‐bound isomer of the ligand‐supported palladium(II) complexes and leads to significantly improved reactivity. The use of a catalyst system based on EPhos with NaOPh as a mild homogeneous base proved to be very effective in the formation of 4‐arylaminothiazoles and highly functionalized 2‐arylaminooxazoles. Previously, these were not readily accessible using palladium catalysis.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Thioxoflavones Mannich Base Derivatives
Authors: Li Wei , Li Xueli , Liu Manhui , Wang Qiuan
Published: June 2017

Two series of 12 novel thioxoflavones Mannich base derivatives 5a–f and 6a–f were synthesized via Mannich reaction of 4′,7‐dimethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione (3) or 3′,4′,7‐trimethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione (4) with appropriate aliphatic amines or alicyclic amines and formaldehyde. Thioxoflavones 3 and 4 were prepared from 4′,7‐dimethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavone (1) and 3′,4′,7‐trimethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavone (2) with Lawesson's reagent, respectively. Their antiproliferative activities in vitro were evaluated on a panel of three human cell lines (HeLa, HCC1954, and SK‐OV‐3) by CCK‐8 assay. The results showed that most of the thioxoflavones and their Mannich base derivatives exhibited potential antiproliferative activities on the tested cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 9.16 to 55.50 μM. In particular, thioxoflavone 4 and the thioxoflavone Mannich base derivatives 5a and 5d showed the best antiproliferative activity on all three human cancer cell lines; they are promising candidates worthy of further development. The structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MS techniques.
Characteristics and Management of IgA Vasculitis (Henoch‐Schönlein) in Adults: Data From 260 Patients Included in a French Multicenter Retrospective Survey
Authors: Audemard‐Verger Alexandra , Terrier Benjamin , Dechartres Agnès , Chanal Johan , Amoura Zahir , Le Gouellec Noémie , Cacoub Patrice , Jourde‐Chiche Noémie , Urbanski Geoffrey , Augusto Jean‐François , Moulis Guillaume , Raffray Loic , Deroux Alban , Hummel Aurélie , Lioger Bertrand , Catroux Mélanie , Faguer Stanislas , Goutte Julie , Martis Nihal , Maurier François , Rivière Etienne , Sanges Sébastien , Baldolli Aurélie , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Roriz Mélanie , Puéchal Xavier , André Marc , Lavigne Christian , Bienvenu Boris , Mekinian Arsène , Zagdoun Elie , Girard Charlotte , Bérezné Alice , Guillevin Loïc , Thervet Eric , Pillebout Evangéline ,   on behalf of the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: June 2017

Objective

Data on adult IgA vasculitis (Henoch‐Schönlein) (IgAV) are scarce. This survey was designed to better define the clinical spectrum of IgAV and efficacy of treatments in a French patient population.

Methods

Data on clinical characteristics, histologic features, and treatment response from 260 patients with IgAV included in a French multicenter retrospective survey were analyzed. Efficacy data were compared using different statistical models.

Results

The mean ± SD age of the patients with IgAV at diagnosis was 50.1 ± 18 years, and 63% of patients were male. Baseline manifestations included purpura (100%), arthralgias/arthritis/myalgia (61%), glomerulonephritis (70%), and/or gastrointestinal involvement (53%). Thirty percent of patients showed renal failure at baseline. In univariate analysis, the response to therapy was 80% (64 of 80) in patients treated with corticosteroids (CS) alone, compared to 77% (23 of 30) in patients treated with CS plus cyclophosphamide (CYC) and 59% (10 of 17) in patients treated with colchicine (P = 0.17). Multivariable analysis showed that treatment with CS or CS plus CYC was more effective than colchicine in achieving a response. Efficacy differences were demonstrated using different statistical models: in the multivariable logistic regression model, odds ratio (OR) 3.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.10–12.33 (P = 0.03); in the inverse probability weighting on propensity score model, OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.28–10.99 (P = 0.02). The efficacy of CS plus CYC as compared to CS alone was discordant according to the analytic method used. Analysis with the multivariable logistic regression model did not demonstrate a difference between CS plus CYC and CS alone (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.29–2.67; P = 0.82). In contrast, inverse probability weighting on propensity score showed that CS plus CYC was more effective than CS alone (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00–3.20; P = 0.049).

Conclusion

This series constitutes the largest series of adults with IgAV reported in the literature so far. It provides data on clinical and histologic presentation and therapeutic efficacy, suggesting that CS alone appears to be a reasonable first‐line therapy in patients with IgAV, while the benefit of adding CYC to CS remains uncertain.
Musculoskeletal Disease in MDA5‐Related Type I Interferonopathy: A Mendelian Mimic of Jaccoud's Arthropathy
Authors: de Carvalho Luciana Martins , Ngoumou Gonza , Park Ji Woo , Ehmke Nadja , Deigendesch Nikolaus , Kitabayashi Naoki , Melki Isabelle , Souza Flávio Falcäo L. , Tzschach Andreas , Nogueira‐Barbosa Marcello H. , Ferriani Virgínia , Louzada‐Junior Paulo , Marques Wilson , Lourenço Charles M. , Horn Denise , Kallinich Tilmann , Stenzel Werner , Hur Sun , Rice Gillian I. , Crow Yanick J.
Published: June 2017

Objective

To define the molecular basis of a multisystem phenotype with progressive musculoskeletal disease of the hands and feet, including camptodactyly, subluxation, and tendon rupture, reminiscent of Jaccoud's arthropathy.

Methods

We identified 2 families segregating an autosomal‐dominant phenotype encompassing musculoskeletal disease and variable additional features, including psoriasis, dental abnormalities, cardiac valve involvement, glaucoma, and basal ganglia calcification. We measured the expression of interferon (IFN)–stimulated genes in the peripheral blood and skin, and undertook targeted Sanger sequencing of the IFIH1 gene encoding the cytosolic double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (MDA‐5). We also assessed the functional consequences of IFIH1 gene variants using an in vitro IFNβ reporter assay in HEK 293T cells.

Results

We recorded an up‐regulation of type I IFN–induced gene transcripts in all 5 patients tested and identified a heterozygous gain‐of‐function mutation in IFIH1 in each family, resulting in different substitutions of the threonine residue at position 331 of MDA‐5. Both of these variants were associated with increased IFNβ expression in the absence of exogenous dsRNA ligand, consistent with constitutive activation of MDA‐5.

Conclusion

These cases highlight the significant musculoskeletal involvement that can be associated with mutations in MDA‐5, and emphasize the value of testing for up‐regulation of IFN signaling as a marker of the underlying molecular lesion. Our data indicate that both Singleton‐Merten syndrome and neuroinflammation described in the context of MDA‐5 gain‐of‐function constitute part of the same type I interferonopathy disease spectrum, and provide possible novel insight into the pathology of Jaccoud's arthropathy.
Systematically Studying the Effect of Fluoride on the Properties of Cyclophanes Bearing Naphthalene Diimide and Dialkoxyaryl Groups
Authors: Young Nicholas A. , Drew Simon C. , Maniam Subashani , Langford Steven J.
Published: June 2017

Anion–π interactions between the Lewis basic anion fluoride and π‐acidic naphthalene diimide was systematically studied in a series of cyclophanes in which the properties are modulated through the influence of a second, electron‐rich aromatic unit. The systems and subsequently generated radical anions, upon addition of fluoride, were studied by absorption spectroscopic and EPR techniques. The results infer a modulation as a result of the nature and strength of the π–π interaction in the macrocyclic structure.
Application of a developed distributed hydrological model based on the mixed runoff generation model and 2D kinematic wave flow routing model for better flood forecasting
Authors: Bao Hongjun , Wang Lili , Zhang Ke , Li Zhijia
Published: June 2017

Due to the specific characteristics of semi‐arid regions, this paper aims to establish a Grid‐and‐Mixed‐runoff‐generation‐and‐two‐dimensional‐Kinematic‐wave‐based distributed hydrological model (GMKHM‐2D model) coupling a mixed runoff generation model and 2D overland flow routing model based on kinematic wave theory for flood simulation and forecasting with digital drainage networks. Taking into consideration the complex runoff generation in semi‐arid regions, a mixed runoff generation model combining saturation‐excess mechanism and infiltration‐excess mechanism is developed for grid‐based runoff generation and 2D implicit finite difference kinematic wave flow model is introduced for routing to solve depressions water storing for grid‐based overland flow routing in the GMKHM‐2D model. The GMKHM‐2D model, the GMKHM‐1D model with coupling the mixed runoff generation model and one‐dimension kinematic wave flow model, the Shanbei model and the Xin'anjiang model were employed to the upper Kongjiapo basin in Qin River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 1454 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that two grid‐based distributed hydrological models and the Shanbei model perform better in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi‐arid basins. Comparing with GMKHM‐1D, the flood peak simulation accuracy of the GMKHM‐2D model is higher.
Stratified exact tests for the weak causal null hypothesis in randomized trials with a binary outcome
Authors: Chiba Yasutaka
Published: June 2017

Fisher's exact test is commonly used to compare two groups when the outcome is binary in randomized trials. In the context of causal inference, this test explores the sharp causal null hypothesis (i.e. the causal effect of treatment is the same for all subjects), but not the weak causal null hypothesis (i.e. the causal risks are the same in the two groups). Therefore, in general, rejection of the null hypothesis by Fisher's exact test does not mean that the causal risk difference is not zero. Recently, Chiba (Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics 2015; 6: 244) developed a new exact test for the weak causal null hypothesis when the outcome is binary in randomized trials; the new test is not based on any large sample theory and does not require any assumption. In this paper, we extend the new test; we create a version of the test applicable to a stratified analysis. The stratified exact test that we propose is general in nature and can be used in several approaches toward the estimation of treatment effects after adjusting for stratification factors. The stratified Fisher's exact test of Jung (Biometrical Journal 2014; 56: 129–140) tests the sharp causal null hypothesis. This test applies a crude estimator of the treatment effect and can be regarded as a special case of our proposed exact test. Our proposed stratified exact test can be straightforwardly extended to analysis of noninferiority trials and to construct the associated confidence interval.
Understand need for specificity of buyout arrangements in assistant coaching contracts
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: June 2017

Although the world of coaching contracts has traditionally focused on head coaches, recent cases suggest that schools should pay close attention to their contracts with assistant coaches. As the competition for high‐quality assistant coaches who can have an immediate and positive impact grows each year and their corresponding compensation packages rise, the need for specificity in contractual language and enhanced protection for the school also increases. This is particularly true in situations involving assistant coaches who have moved from annual appointments to multiyear contracts.
New study examines prevalence, nature of headaches among college student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2017

The prevalence of headaches in the general population and scarce knowledge about the prevalence and nature of headaches among college student‐athletes can complicate return‐to‐play decisions. So when student‐athletes experience headaches, it's often unclear whether it's due to a benign headache disorder or headaches unrelated to trauma, or symptoms of a recent concussion or indicative of ongoing recovery from one or more concussions. The quandary, according to a study by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, can result in misdiagnosing or overlooking headaches among student‐athletes.
Successful Retrieval of embolized atrial septal defect occluder and patent foramen ovale closure device using novel coronary wire trap technique
Authors: Khosravi Alireza , Mirdamadi Ahmad , Movahed Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2017

The use of atrial septal device occluders can lead to device embolization. This major complication can occur due to loose margins, deficient aorta, or thin and floppy posterior rim. Device embolization most often occurs after device release, and retrieval is essential. Many devices, including snare and bioptome, have been utilized for retrieval. However, performing these procedures can be difficult and time consuming. Failure to retrieve the embolized device requires open heart surgery. We report a novel and easy to perform method, “coronary wire trap technique,” in the event of retrieval failure using conventionally available devices and snare, thereby preventing open‐heart surgery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Li/MgO Catalysts Doped with Alio‐valent Ions. Part II: Local Topology Unraveled by EPR/NMR and DFT Modeling
Authors: Simon Ulla , Alarcón Villaseca Sebastián , Shang Honghui , Levchenko Sergey V. , Arndt Sebastian , Epping Jan D. , Görke Oliver , Scheffler Matthias , Schomäcker Reinhard , van Tol Johan , Ozarowski Andrew , Dinse Klaus‐Peter
Published: June 2017

The role of Li in Li/MgO as a catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is to promote MgO surface morphology change rather than serve as a constituent of catalytically active sites. While Li/MgO is unstable at realistic conditions with respect to loss of Li, the resulting samples show enhanced selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons versus CO2, although activity is low and close to pristine MgO. The way (co‐)doping with alio‐valent metal ions affects the catalytic performance of Li/MgO has now been explored. To analyze the structure and the stability of the samples, catalysts with well‐defined stoichiometry were prepared using a co‐precipitation method with freeze‐drying and subsequent annealing. Gd and Fe were used as dopants. Apart from their potential direct role in catalysis, these dopants are anticipated to stabilize Li in the catalyst under the reaction conditions, allowing further clarification of the role of Li. In the case of Gd/Li co‐doping, changes observed in EPR and 7Li‐NMR spectra indicate the formation of correlated, next‐neighbor Li−Mg⋅⋅⋅Gd+Mg pairs co‐existing with “isolated” Gd3+ ions at octahedral Mg lattice sites. For Li/Fe co‐doping, no significant change in the EPR pattern is observed in the presence of Li+ ions, indicating a larger distance between the Li+ and Fe3+ cations in the MgO lattice. Hybrid DFT calculations explain the difference between Fe and Gd co‐doping by a less efficient screening of the Coulomb repulsion between Gd3+ and neighboring cations in Gd doped samples, leading to the stabilization of LiMg near GdMg.
Platinum Supported on a Hybrid of Nickel and Tungsten Carbide on New‐Diamond Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Su Jing , Dong Liang , Zhao Pengjuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Weiping , Jia Shaopei , Zang Jianbing
Published: June 2017

A hybrid of nickel and tungsten carbide on new‐diamond (Ni‐WC/nD) was synthesized by a microwave‐assisted method, in which nickel(tungsten) hydroxide was deposited on carbon black and then reduced carbothermally under N2 atmosphere. Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on the hybrid to form the Pt/Ni‐WC/nD electrocatalyst. XRD and TEM were used to investigate the structure and morphology of Pt/Ni‐WC/nD, respectively. The results revealed that Ni and WC particles formed on carbon black during the reduction of nickel(tungsten) hydroxide at 1300 °C under N2, and the amorphous carbon was translated to new‐diamond as a result of the catalysis of Ni. The Pt NPs deposited on Ni‐WC/nD exhibited a good affinity with the support. We demonstrated that Pt/Ni‐WC/nD was an active electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Pt/Ni‐WC/nD exhibited a better electrocatalytic activity and durability than Pt/C electrocatalyst for the MOR and ORR. This can be attributed to the strong interaction between the Ni‐WC/nD support and Pt and the excellent stability of the new‐diamond.
Syndiotactic Poly(aminostyrene)‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Ketone Methylation with Methanol
Authors: Jiang Lei , Guo Fang , Shi Zhenghai , Li Yang , Hou Zhaomin
Published: June 2017

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on an amino‐functionalized syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS‐N) served as a novel recyclable catalyst for the dimethylation and cross methyl alkylation of a wide range of ketones with methanol as the methylation agent. This heterogeneous catalyst (Pd@sPS‐N) was highly robust and showed excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. It not only showed remarkably high activity, but it could also be easily recovered by filtration without loss of activity.
On the Feasibility of Sodium Metal as Pseudo‐Reference Electrode in Solid State Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Boschin Andrea , Abdelhamid Muhammad E. , Johansson Patrik
Published: June 2017

A set‐up of a sodium metal anode vs. a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) has been evaluated in detail for the feasibility to use sodium metal as a pseudo‐reference electrode (pseudo‐RE). To evaluate the stability and reproducibility, we monitored the half‐wave potential (E1/2) of added decamethylferrocene (Me10Fc) and the stability of the interface by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sodium/SPE interface resistance (RNa/SPE) increases with time, up to 2.8 kΩ cm−2, and causes the E1/2 of the Me10Fc+/0 reference redox couple to drift up to 15 mV during 88 hours. Moreover, the sodium potential is very irreproducible, even initially after cell assembling the values can differ by 60 mV, likely due to extreme sensitivity of the metal surface even to an “inert and dry” glove box environment. Indeed, freshly cut sodium readily reacts with water, forming NaOH, and adsorbs impurities that can be present even in a glove box atmosphere. The oxidation layer and the amount of adsorbed impurities increase with the exposure to the glove box atmosphere, as revealed by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Altogether, this calls for attention when evaluating any battery materials in half‐cell configurations using sodium metal as the pseudo‐RE.
Reactivity of NHC Alane Adducts towards N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes: Ring Expansion, Ring Opening, and Al−H Bond Activation
Authors: Schneider Heidi , Hock Andreas , Bertermann Rüdiger , Radius Udo
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of mono‐NHC alane adducts of the type (NHC)⋅AlH3 (NHC=Me2Im (1), Me2ImMe (2), iPr2Im (3 and [D3]‐3), iPr2ImMe (4), Dipp2Im (10); Im=imidazolin‐2‐ylidene, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) and (NHC)⋅AliBu2H (NHC=iPr2Im (11), Dipp2Im (12)) as well as their reactivity towards different types of carbenes is presented. Although the mono‐NHC adducts remained stable at elevated temperatures, ring expansion occurred when (iPr2Im)⋅AlH3 (3) was treated with a second equivalent of the carbene iPr2Im to give (iPr2Im)⋅AlH(RER‐iPr2ImH2) (6). In 6, {(iPr2Im}AlH} is inserted into the NHC ring. In contrast, ring opening was observed with the sterically more demanding Dipp2Im with the formation of (iPr2Im)⋅AlH2(ROR‐Dipp2ImH2)H2Al⋅(iPr2Im) (9). In 9, two {(iPr2Im)⋅AlH2} moieties stabilize the ring‐opened Dipp2Im. If two hydridic sites are blocked, the adducts are stable with respect to further ring expansion or ring opening, as exemplified by the adducts (iPr2Im)⋅AliBu2H (11) and (Dipp2Im)⋅AliBu2H (12). The adducts (NHC)⋅AlH3 and (iPr2Im)⋅AliBu2H reacted with cAACMe by insertion of the carbene carbon atom into the Al−H bond to give (NHC)⋅AlH2/iBu2(cAACMeH) (13–18) instead of ligand substitution, ring‐expansion, or ring‐opened products.