bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Di-μ-chlorido-bis[(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3
N,N′,N′′)copper(II)] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)
Authors: Adrian Rafael A. , Duarte Jose J. , Arman Hadi D.
Published: October 2021

In the centrosymmetric title complex, [Cu2Cl2(C15H11N3)2](CF3O3S)2, the CuII metal center is fivefold coordinated by two chloride ions and three nitrogen atoms of the terpyridine ligand in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry; two trifluoromethanesulfonate ions complete the outer coordination sphere. π–π stacking interactions between the pyridyl rings in adjacent molecules contribute to the alignment of the complexes in columns along the a-axis. This structure represents the first example of a binuclear dication of formula [Cu(terpy)2Cl2]2+ with trifluoromethanesulfonate as counter-ions.
A bibliometric overview of the journal of historical research in marketing between 2009 and 2021
Authors: Akpınar Ayhan , Çetin Canberk , Tiltay Muhammet Ali
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the contributions of the Journal of Historical Research in Marketing (JHRM) to the academic body of knowledge. Pursuant to this objective, the study classifies the publications and citation structure of the JHRM, the nature of the publications’ authorship, the most cited articles and authors and the themes that have been covered from the first day until now (2009–2021).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses bibliometric methodologies to analyze several aspects of the JHRM.

Findings

The average number of citations per paper is 4.54. The number of articles studying marketing history/practice (163) and the history of thought (158) is almost equal, consistent with the journal’s primary orientation. Compared with other journals, it could be said that JHRM achieved close ranks, especially with those of other historical journals of similar age. The most prolific authors whose articles have been published in the JHRM are used in universities located in the USA. The JHRM is closely connected to top-tier journals in the field.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to one journal (JHRM) only. However, the authors assert that the articles analyzed are representative samples of the entire school of marketing history. Another important consideration is that the value of many critical studies in the social sciences cannot be determined using only bibliometric measurements.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the marketing literature from several perspectives. First, evaluating the JHRM in terms of its unique standing shows the scope of the field of marketing history. Second, it serves as a guide for existing and future authors regarding the JHRM and the history of marketing. Third, the JHRM’s contributions provide insights into emerging trends and new opportunities for the entire marketing community.
An exploration of the motivating factors for the preparation of an integrated report in contextual settings
Authors: Sciulli Nick , Adhariani Desi
Published: October 2021

Purpose

It is 10 years since the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) was founded and the development of the IIRC Framework has been adopted by thousands of organisations. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the motivation for the preparation of integrated reports from a diffusion of innovation (DOI) perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Three case study organisations operating in distinct industry sectors are investigated to ascertain the motivation for the adoption of integrated reporting. DOI theory was adopted as the theoretical lens to guide the research design. An interpretative approach is used to ascertain common themes from an analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts of senior managers and directors.

Findings

The findings from these case studies support the main tenets of DOIs theory. The evidence suggests that senior executive leadership plays a significant role in commencing the integrated reporting “journey”. This study finds evidence of DOI characteristics, such as relative advantage, compatibility and observability with respect to the objectives of senior managers. The main motivations for the production of the integrated report were to demonstrate leadership and innovation to stakeholders, overcome the perceived inadequacies of the disclosures required for traditional annual reports, to enhance transparency and to satisfy the changing demands of investors and other stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

This project captures the perceptions and views of preparers of the integrated report rather than its users. In addition, only three case study sites were investigated, therefore, generalisations would be spurious.

Practical implications

Other organisations yet to consider the production of integrated reports or to re-assess their stakeholder relationships, could use these findings to plan for their own future reporting obligations.

Originality/value

The organisations investigated were a superannuation fund, a multinational company and a charity. All are recognised leaders in their respective industries.
Hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone regeneration via rapid prototyping technique: a review
Authors: Sun Fangfang , Wang Tianze , Yang Yong
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Rapid prototyping (RP) technology is widely used in many fields in recent years. Bone tissue engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field involving life sciences, engineering and materials science. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) are similar to natural bone and it has been extensively studied due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. This paper aims to review nanoscaled HAp-based scaffolds with high porosity fabricated by various RP methods for bone regeneration.

Design/methodology/approach

The review focused on the fabrication methods of HAp composite scaffolds through RP techniques. The paper summarized the evaluation of these scaffolds on the basis of their biocompatibility and biodegradability through in vitro and in vivo tests. Finally, a summary and perspectives on this active area of research are provided.

Findings

HAp composite scaffold fabricated by RP methods has been widely used in bone TE and it has been deeply studied by researchers during the past two decades. However, its brittleness and difficulty in processing have largely limited its wide application in TE. Therefore, the formability of HAp combined with biocompatible organic materials and fabrication techniques could be effectively enhanced, and it can be used in bone TE applications finally.

Originality/value

This review paper presented a comprehensive study of the various types of HAp composite scaffold fabricated by RP technologies and introduced their potential application in bone TE, as well as future roadmap and perspective.
Deconstructingahimsaat the workplace: its relevance and significance
Authors: Sarkar Ayatakshee
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to conceptualize ahimsa at the workplace as an alternate coping response to negative workplace behaviours. The response strategy aims to impede conflict escalation and transform a hostile situation into a collaborative one.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptualization of the indigenous construct bases upon Bhawuk's methodological suggestion on building psychological models from the scriptures (Bhawuk, 2010, 2017, 2019). The construct ahimsa explicates by synthesizing the micro-world (Bhagawad Gita, BG and Patanjali Yoga Sutras, PYS) and through the lifeworld of Gandhiji.

Findings

The conceptual analysis illustrates the efficacy of ahimsa as an alternate response to negative workplace behaviours. The definition delineates its three core characteristics, i.e. conscious non-violent action, self-empowerment and rehumanizing the perpetrator. Besides, it proposes to enhance metacognition, creativity and individual learning at the workplace.

Originality/value

The conceptual paper gives a new direction to management researchers on coping and responding to stress.
Central and Northern European caterpillar assemblages show strong phylogenetic structure
Authors: Strutzenberger Patrick , Fiedler Konrad
Published: October 2021

Phylogenetic diversity metrics have been used to tackle an increasing number of questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here we present a novel use of phylogenetic diversity metrics namely the investigation of insect herbivore assemblages on select plant species in order to investigate possible drivers shaping the phylogenetic structure of those assemblages.

We investigated the phylogenetic structure of lepidopteran herbivore assemblages on 208 species of central European vascular plants. A dataset of 2,553 species of Lepidoptera from 68 families, comprising 8,584 individual herbivore‐host associations, was analysed for patterns of phylogenetic α‐ and β‐diversity in relation to plant growth form, plant phylogeny and the accumulation of some characteristic major classes of secondary plant metabolites.

Distinct patterns of phylogenetic β‐diversity were detected when plants were partitioned into three growth form categories (graminoid, herbaceous and woody). In contrast, groupings of plants according to higher taxa or key secondary metabolites did not yield similarly clear patterns. Notable exceptions were assemblages on graminoid plants, especially those containing silica, which could be distinguished by both plant phylogeny and their phytochemical characteristics. Additionally plants containing highly toxic glucosinolates (all of the family Brassicaceae) harbour highly distinct lepidopteran assemblages. Phylogenetic α‐diversity of associated caterpillars differed greatly between graminoid, herbaceous and woody plants. Assemblages on graminoid plants were found to be the most phylogenetically clustered, followed by herbs and woody plants which showed the least degree of phylogenetic clustering. In conclusion, our results indicate that the phylogenetic structure of the investigated herbivore assemblages in the nemoral and boreal zones of the Western Palaearctic region is most heavily influenced by plant growth form while categories derived from higher plant systematics or classifications reflecting secondary metabolites leave far less signal at this macroecological scale.

The approach taken in this study proved to be very successful in identifying patterns in the phylogenetic structure of herbivore assemblages. Our findings are in line with the ‘classical’ plant apparency hypothesis. Plant secondary compounds were found to have only limited explanatory power on our scale of analysis.

A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
POLYCENTRIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE FORMATION OF EDGE URBAN AREAS IN CHINA'S MEGA CITY REGIONS: Case Study of Nansha, Guangzhou
Authors: Cheng Hui , Shaw David
Published: October 2021

Towards the end of the twentieth century, polycentricity was introduced into China as a new planning concept. Subsequently, a number of mega city regions applied polycentric spatial planning strategies, designed to facilitate more sustainable and balanced development, by promoting expanded settlements or subcentres at the edge of the central cities. These urban clusters have often been termed edge cities in the West. Although edge urban areas in China bear some resemblance to Western edge cities, we argue that these growing centres need to be understood through the lens of a polycentric development framework specific to China. This article investigates the formation of edge urban areas as part of polycentric development practices, with particular reference to the specificities of the Chinese context. Guangzhou, a mega city region, is selected as the polycentric context within which the embedded edge urban area Nansha is located. After exploring Nansha's spatial features, functional identities and governance arrangements, we suggest that the area has experienced a typical development trajectory associated with different dynamics at each stage of its growth. Nansha's formation as an edge urban area is in line with the delivery of a polycentric spatial structure for the Guangzhou mega city region.
Promoting green performance through green human resource practices and green servant leadership
Authors: Mansoor Adil , Farrukh Muhammad , Jahan Sarwat , Lee Jong‐Keon , Abd Wahab Sazali
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have analysed the effect of human resource (HR) practices on organisational green performance. However, this study provides a more robust analysis by highlighting the synergetic impact of green HR practices and green organisational strategies (green management initiatives) on firms' environmental performance. Moreover, this research also identifies the role of green servant leadership (SL) in implementing green management initiatives, which has been overlooked previously. Using a sample of 272 employees working in Pakistani manufacturing firms and applying structural equation modelling technique, this research reveals that the combined impact of green HR practices and green strategies promotes green performance through green SL as a mediator. Therefore, the current study emphasises the need to have an integrative mechanism to enhance green performance. Besides, the intervening role of green SL suggests that managers must exhibit this style for the accomplishment of an organisational green agenda.
Metallurgical characterisation and torsional resistance of blue thermomechanically treated nickel titanium instruments after simulated ex vivo retreatment procedure
Authors: Kalyoncuoğlu Elif , Keskin Cangül , Keleş Ali , Aydemir Hikmet
Published: October 2021

To compare used and unused Reciproc Blue and Reciproc after retreatment, the instruments were used in the mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars with curvature. The torsional resistances were tested and then unused instruments were subjected to XRD, DSC and microhardness tests. Student’s t, ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were performed (α‐level 0.05). The torsional strength of used Reciproc Blue was not significantly different than unused ones (P > .05), while torsional strength of Reciproc decreased significantly (P < .05). DSC and XRD indicated that Reciproc Blue exhibited prominent transformation peaks corresponding austenite to R‐phase. Microhardness of Reciproc was significantly higher (P < .05). A second reuse of Reciproc Blue for retreatment could be considered safe in terms of torsional strength. Blue treatment also decreased surface microhardness of the instrument and changed phase composition by increasing the R‐phase.
“Fests of Vests”: The Politics of Participation in Neoliberal Peacebuilding in Colombia
Authors: Vélez‐Torres Irene , Gough Katherine , Larrea‐Mejía James , Piccolino Giulia , Ruette‐Orihuela Krisna
Published: October 2021

The Colombian Peace Agreement signed in 2016 was saluted internationally by scholars, policy makers and practitioners for encompassing the concept of territorial peace as a means of ensuring local participation in the strengthening of state institutions. Based on engaged research conducted in the Department of Cauca and Bogotá between 2017 and 2020, we critically analyse territorial peace, exploring its ideation, implementation, and subsequent decline in favour of security and stabilisation. We argue that the government’s peacebuilding rationale and mechanisms sought to reinforce the neoliberal state through a constrained participation model, which marginalised the progressive struggles of local communities living in former conflict affected areas. Without a radical breakdown of pre‐existing power structures of exploitation and domination, community participation in peacebuilding runs the risk of legitimising state‐led initiatives that ensure the political rule of capital, strengthen the bureaucracies of the centralised state, and create new violent disputes without resolving existing ones.
The arrival time of indocyanine green in tissues can be a quantitative index because of its correlation with tissue oxygen saturation: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Egi Hiroyuki , Ohnishi Kazuho , Akita Satoshi , Sugishita Hiroki , Ogi Yusuke , Yoshida Motohira , Koga Shigehiro , Kikuchi Satoshi , Matsumoto Hironori , Kuwabara Jun , Matsui Sayuri , Ishimaru Kei , Hattori Minoru , Watanabe Yuji
Published: October 2021

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has recently been reported useful as a method for predicting intestinal blood flow and may reduce anastomotic leakage. However, the quantification method for ICG fluorescence angiography has not been established. We usually measure the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in the intestinal tract via near‐infrared spectroscopy, as it is able to measure the oxygen concentration accurately and immediately shows objective data. In this study, we propose that the time to reach the anastomotic site after intravenous ICG injection is an effective parameter for quantifying ICG fluorescence angiography from the comparison to the data of StO2 in the intestinal tract.
The biomechanical profile of an osseo‐integrated rectangular block implant: A pilot in vivo experimental study
Authors: Gazelakis Efthimios , Judge Roy B. , Palamara Joseph E. A.
Published: October 2021

Objective

A novel implant design, the rectangular block implant (RBI), was investigated as a possible solution to the restoration of the posterior resorbed ridge.

Aim

To maximally load test the osseo‐integrated RBI in shear and tensile loads and relate these findings to known human masticatory loads as biomechanical proof of the study concept.

Materials and methods

Twelve RBIs were design‐manufactured and placed into posterior mandibular saddles in 3 mature greyhound dogs.—2 per left and right. After 12 weeks of healing, osseo‐integration was confirmed using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and wrench torque tests. Three bone blocks each with two RBIs were dissected and mounted in acrylic. Micro‐computerized tomography (μ‐CT) was performed to assess bone to implant contact (BIC), and load analysis was performed using a Universal Test System. Three force applications were conducted until failure: pull‐out (tensile), buccal push from the lingual (shear) and distal push from the mesial (shear). The osteotomy sites were examined using light magnification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Pull‐out, buccal and distal force failures occurred at differing levels. Post‐detachment sites showed complex patterns of bone failure, including trabecular and cortical fracture, as well as shearing at varying distances from the BIC. Interfacial shear strength was calculated at 14.4 MPa.

Conclusion

The osseo‐integrated RBIs were able to withstand simulations of the demanding axially, bucco‐lingually and mesio‐distally oriented biomechanical challenges of the posterior saddle, under conditions of reduced bone volume. These values exceeded equivalent force components of maximal masticatory loads in humans.
Clinician and patient attitudes toward use of organs from hepatitis C viremic donors and their impact on acceptance: A contemporary review
Authors: Fleetwood Vidya A. , Maher Kennan , Satish Sangeeta , Varma C. Rathna , Nazzal Mustafa , Randall Henry , Al‐Adra David P. , Caliskan Yasar , Bastani Bahar , Rub Fadee Abu Al , Lentine Krista L.
Published: October 2021

Background

The use of Hepatitis C (HCV) NAT positive allografts remains unusual and is clustered at few centers. We conducted a contemporary literature review to assess whether patient and clinician attitudes toward viremic organs impact acceptance.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases were reviewed to identify studies focused on evaluating patient and provider perceptions of HCV NAT positive organ use within the DAA era (January 2015–April 2021). Search included MeSH terms related to Hepatitis C, transplantation, and patient and clinician attitudes. Two investigators extracted study characteristics including information on willingness to accept viremic organs, HCV‐specific outcomes knowledge, HCV‐specific concerns, and factors that contributed to acceptance or non‐acceptance.

Results

Eight studies met all inclusion criteria. These included three pretransplant patient‐directed studies, two post‐transplant patient‐directed studies, one pre‐ and post‐transplant patient‐directed study, and two clinician‐directed studies. Common themes identified were concerns regarding HCV cure rates, viremic organ quality, DAA cost, stigma, and the possibility of HCV transmission to household members. The perception of decreased waitlist time was associated with viremic organ acceptance. Physician trust played a mixed role in acceptance patterns.

Conclusions

Knowledge of high cure rates, shorter waitlist times, and higher organ quality appear to have the highest impact on organ acceptance.
The efficacy and safety of the short‐term combination therapy with ticagrelor and PPIs or H2RA in patients with acute STEMI who underwent emergency PCI
Authors: Wei Peng , Zhuo Shujiang , Fu Qiang , Wang Haibo , Zong Bin , Cao Bangming , Wang Liansheng
Published: October 2021

Combination therapy with platelet inhibitors and acid‐suppressive agents is recommended for patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but there remains a paucity of data to evaluate both the efficacy and safety of these combinations. In this prospective study, a total of 170 patients with acute STEMI who underwent PCI were divided into four groups: pantoprazole + ticagrelor, omeprazole + ticagrelor, ranitidine + ticagrelor, and ticagrelor only. The risk of PCI, antithrombotic efficacy, cardiac function, and main end points were evaluated and compared. No significant differences were found in infarction‐related artery perfusion indexes (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI], corrected TIMI frame count), the incidence of stent thrombosis after PCI, platelet indicators (platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width), platelet activation (P‐selectin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa levels), platelet aggregation (thrombelastography indicators, such as ADP% and MAADP), myocardial necrosis biomarker (creatine kinase isoenzyme‐MB and cardiac troponin I) levels, brain natriuretic peptide levels, the incidence of ischemic end point events, and the incidence of other tissue and organ bleeding events among the four groups. The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding events in the proton pump‐inhibitor (PPI) group was significantly lower than that in the control group, whereas in the H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) group it was not significantly different from the control group. The short‐term combination therapy with ticagrelor and PPIs or H2RA is safe and effective in patients with acute STEMI after PCI. In addition, the PPIs combined with ticagrelor could reduce the incidence of GI bleeding events without increasing the incidence of ischemic events.
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum with severe acroparesthesia, an endothelial abnormality, and inconspicuous genetic findings
Authors: Harzer Klaus , Beck‐Wödl Stefanie , Haack Tobias B.
Published: October 2021

Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (ACD) was long thought to be a specific dermal sign of Fabry disease (FD, X‐linked alpha‐galactosidase A [GLA] deficiency). However, other lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) have also been identified as triggers of ACD. Generalized vasculopathy is an important pathogenetic factor in FD and may also lead to the acroparesthesia (AP) often predominant in FD. We report on an 85‐year‐old woman with ACD present since her youth and associated with severe AP. Ultrastructure of the dermal lesion showed no lysosomal involvement, but the absence of the basement membrane of the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels was noteworthy. Repeated analyses of theGLAgene revealed no evidence of FD. Whole‐exome sequencing was negative for FD and other LSDs, and allowed us to also study FD‐related intronic regions of theGLAgene. This is the first report of a patient with FD‐like ACD with an endothelial abnormality, otherwise unexplained vasculopathy and severe AP, which are not due to FD or another LSD. Based on family history, another genetic, yet unidentified, defect may cause the disease in this patient. In unexplained ACD, extended genetic analysis is required to exclude particular pathogenic variants of theGLAgene and other genes.
An RShiny app for modelling environmental DNA data: accounting for false positive and false negative observation error
Authors: Diana Alex , Matechou Eleni , Griffin Jim E. , Buxton Andrew S. , Griffiths Richard A.
Published: October 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys have become a popular tool for assessing the distribution of species. However, it is known that false positive and false negative observation error can occur at both stages of eDNA surveys, namely the field sampling stage and laboratory analysis stage. We present an RShiny app that implements the Griffin et al. (2020) statistical method, which accounts for false positive and false negative errors in both stages of eDNA surveys that target single species using quantitative PCR methods. Following Griffin et al. (2020), we employ a Bayesian approach and perform efficient Bayesian variable selection to identify important predictors for the probability of species presence as well as the probabilities of observation error at either stage. We demonstrate the RShiny app using a data set on great crested newts collected by Natural England in 2018, and we identify water quality, pond area, fish presence, macrophyte cover and frequency of drying as important predictors for species presence at a site. The state‐of‐the‐art statistical method that we have implemented is the only one that has specifically been developed for the purposes of modelling false negative and false positive observation error in eDNA data. Our RShiny app is user‐friendly, requires no prior knowledge of R and fits the models very efficiently. Therefore, it should be part of the tool‐kit of any researcher or practitioner who is collecting or analysing eDNA data.
Resource selection functions based on hierarchical generalized additive models provide new insights into individual animal variation and species distributions
Authors: McCabe Jennifer D. , Clare John D. , Miller Tricia A. , Katzner Todd E. , Cooper Jeff , Somershoe Scott , Hanni David , Kelly Christine A. , Sargent Robert , Soehren Eric C. , Threadgill Carrie , Maddox Mercedes , Stober Jonathan , Martell Mark , Salo Thomas , Berry Andrew , Lanzone Michael J. , Braham Melissa A. , McClure Christopher J. W.
Published: October 2021

Habitat selection studies are designed to generate predictions of species distributions or inference regarding general habitat associations and individual variation in habitat use. Such studies frequently involve either individually indexed locations gathered across limited spatial extents and analyzed using resource selection functions (RSFs) or spatially extensive locational data without individual resolution typically analyzed using species distribution models. Both analytical methodologies have certain desirable features, but analyses that combine individual‐ and population‐level inference with flexible non‐linear functions may provide improved predictions while accounting for individual variation. Here, we describe how RSFs can be fit using hierarchical generalized additive models (HGAMs) using widely available software, providing a means to explore individual variation in habitat associations and to generate species distribution maps. We used GPS tracking data from golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos from across eastern North America with four environmental predictors to generate monthly distribution models. We considered three model structures that assumed different amounts of individual variation in the functional relationship between predictors and habitat use and used k‐fold cross‐validation to compare model performance. Models accounting for individual variability in shape and smoothness of functional responses performed best. Eagles exhibited the least amount of individual variation in response to land cover variables during winter months, with most individuals more closely adhering to the population‐level trend. During the summer months, eagles exhibited more substantial individual variation in shape and smoothness of the functional relationships, suggesting some need to account for individual variation in eagle habitat use for both inferential and predictive purposes, during this time of year. Because they allow users to blend flexible functions with random effects structures and are well‐supported by a variety of software platforms, we believe that HGAMs provide a useful addition to the suite of analyses used for modeling habitat associations or predicting species distributions.
The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in primary schools in the Czech Republic: Parental perspectives
Authors: Smetackova Irena , Stech Stanislav
Published: October 2021

The article presents results of a survey among parents of primary‐school pupils, in which they commented on education during school closures due to the COVID‐19 disease pandemic in the spring of 2020. The questionnaire mapped family arrangements, parents' competencies, parenting practices concerning learning, and communication with the school. It was administered to more than 2,500 respondents at the end of the period of school closures (May–June 2020). The analysis focused on the question of whether the parents of pupils in primary schools assessed the home‐based distance learning as well handled and whether they felt concerned about their child's future school results. We understand parents' satisfaction as a result of the interaction between family arrangements on one hand, and requirements formulated by the schools on the other. The analysis showed that most parents rated home education positively. However, the socio‐economic status (SES) and cultural status of parents was a significant factor. Among the low‐SES parents, 47% reported concerns, while among the high‐SES parents, only 30% did. The strongest moderators of the link between SES and concerns about the school results of children were: school‐family communication during closures, adequacy of curriculum, parental practices supporting child's concentration and motivation, perceived school success of a child and parents' educational aspirations for the child.
On wandering: Exile, migration and other questions in critical theory
Authors: Finlayson James Gordon
Published: October 2021

In this review article I do three things. I examine the question of whether the jewish émigrés of the Frankfurt School are best thought of as “permanent exiles” or migrants. I discuss Gordon's account of the relation between religious and profane ideas in Benjamin, Horkheimer and Adorno. Third, I try to flush out Gordon's implicit Habermasian commitments and ask to what extent these can be reconciled with his explicit Adornian conclusions.
Once again: On the relationship between morality and ethical life
Authors: Habermas Jürgen
Published: October 2021

Ever since Hegel highlighted the difference between morality and ethical life or ‘Sittlichkeit’, philosophical discourse concerning morality and law in the traditions that developed subsequently, up to and including the Frankfurt School, has oscillated between those poles. This paper opens with a short exposition of autonomy as one of the few large‐scale innovations in the history of philosophy and proceeds to discuss Hegel's concept of ethical life and the objections that can be raised against it from a Kantian point of view. Political theory, however, has to move beyond pure normativism and consider actual social relations of power, as Marx disclosed. Tracing this winding trajectory from Kant to Marx provides some perspective that may be illuminating concerning present‐day challenges.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with terminated status epilepticus and outcome: An observational cohort study
Authors: Baumann Sira M. , Semmlack Saskia , Rybitschka Anja , Kliem Paulina S. C. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Rüegg Stephan , Hunziker Sabina , Marsch Stephan , Sutter Raoul
Published: October 2021

Objective

Classical clinical characteristics associated with successful or unsuccessful extubation are unreliable in neurocritically ill patients, and attempts to predict successful extubation in this context have failed. We aimed to investigate the frequency of mechanical ventilation (MV) in adult patients in status epilepticus (SE) and its clinical associations, to identify predictors at SE onset of prolonged postictal MV, and to determine the associated outcomes with prolonged MV.

Methods

From 2012 to 2018, SE patients treated in intensive care units at a Swiss academic care center were included. Multivariable Poisson regression adjusting for potential confounders, such as continuously administered anesthetics, was performed to identify risks for postictal MV for >24 h after SE and its association with no return to neurologic function and death. Linear regression was performed to identify correlations between the durations of administered specific anesthetics and postictal MV.

Results

Of 262 patients, 42% were ventilated, with 24% being on ventilators for >24 h after SE. Patients with prolonged postictal MV were extubated at a median of 7 days, with 56% not being extubated on the day of successful weaning from MV because of altered consciousness and/or lack of airway‐protective reflexes. After extubation, noninvasive ventilation and reintubation were rarely needed. Prolonged postictal MV was associated with increased risk for death independent of potential confounders, including fatal etiology of SE, age, SE severity, and use of anesthetics (relative risk for every additional day = 2.7, p = .024). At SE onset, decreased consciousness and presumed fatal etiology predicted prolonged postictal MV. Anesthetics were associated with prolonged MV, but linear regression could not identify significant correlations.

Significance

Our data reveal that prolonged postictal MV is frequent and an independent risk factor for death. Extubation is often delayed for days despite sufficient weaning from the ventilator and altered airway‐protective reflexes in only few patients. Studies need to investigate whether more rigorous extubation strategies improve outcome.
Intercropped maize‐soybean silage: Effects on forage yield, fermentation pattern and nutritional composition
Authors: Bolson Dheyme Cristina , Jacovaci Fernando Alberto , Gritti Viviane Carnaval , Bueno Antônio Vinícius Iank , Daniel João Luiz Pratti , Nussio Luiz Gustavo , Jobim Clóves Cabreira
Published: October 2021

We investigated whether the intercropping of maize and soybean could improve the silage nutritional content without reducing the forage yield or worsening silage fermentation process and aerobic stability. Three crop arrangements were studied: maize monoculture, soybean monoculture and maize‐soybean intercropping. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 replicates per treatment. Maize‐soybean intercropping decreased the dry matter (DM) and grain yield as well as the production of digestible dry matter per hectare. The crude protein content of maize‐soybean intercropped silage was higher compared with maize in monoculture (by 40%), but, on average, both silages presented similar fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility (600 g/kg DM), dry matter loss (37.1 g/kg DM), gas loss (36 g/kg DM) and aerobic stability (60 hr). Soybean‐crop silage presented an elevated content of volatile organic compounds, low lactic acid concentration (2 g/kg DM), high pH (5.26), and greater losses of dry matter (73 g/kg DM) and gas (98.5 g/kg DM) during fermentation. Aerobic stability was higher in soybean‐crop silage (192 hr) due to the high content of volatile fatty acids (butyric acid > 87 g/kg DM) and low contents of residual sugar and lactic acid. In conclusion, maize and soybean intercropping increased crude protein content, but contrary to our hypothesis, the crop association did not result in greater silage digestibility or higher aerobic stability, nonetheless reduced both crop productivity. Additionally, ensiling direct‐cut soybean crop with low DM content is not recommended due to the high risk of undesirable fermentation and nutrient losses.
What is intersectional equality? A definition and goal of equality for organizations
Authors: Woods Dorian R. , Benschop Yvonne , van den Brink Marieke
Published: October 2021

Organizational research has come a long way in understanding and dealing with inequalities in the workplace. Despite this, there has not been enough progress toward equality. The reason for the stymied progress, we argue, is in large part due to the conceptual gaps in our understanding of equality. This has not been clear enough to prevent previous imbalances in power, interests and domination from re‐manifesting themselves in new ways. Because organizations are complex, there needs to be a clear definition and goal of equality that can account for these mechanisms. In this article, we present a conceptual approach we call intersectional equality. To develop this approach, we build on Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectionality and Joan Acker's inequality regimes that are useful for understanding the presence and persistency of inequality in organizations, but these do not define solutions for equality. At this point, we turn to equality and justice theory and examine Amartya Sen's capabilities approach for incorporating organizations and organizational responsibilities to pursue equality. In light of the conceptual gaps in intersectionality, the inequality regimes, and the capabilities approach, we present intersectional equality as a conclusive alternative concept and approach. Intersectional equality sharpens the feminist definition and vision of equality for organizations and provides a practical path forward for building coalitions and capabilities across four dimensions of organizational disparities (procedural, discursive, material, and affective).
Quantifying the overall impact of an early childhood multi‐behavioural lifestyle intervention
Authors: Zheng Miaobing , Hesketh Kylie D. , McNaughton Sarah A. , Salmon Jo , Crawford David , Cameron Adrian J. , Lioret Sandrine , Campbell Karen J.
Published: October 2021

Background

The overall impact of interventions targeting multiple behaviours remains largely unexplored.

Objectives

This study adopted an integrative lifestyle pattern analysis approach to assess the overall effectiveness of an early childhood intervention on change across multiple behaviours.

Methods

The Melbourne INFANT program was a 15‐month cluster‐randomized controlled trial involving 4‐month‐old infants and their parents at baseline in 2008 (n = 542). The intervention included six education sessions helping parents to promote a healthy diet, physical activity and limit sedentary behaviour in their infants. Participants were followed‐up twice post‐intervention, at ages 3.6 (2011) and 5 years (2013), to assess sustained effects of the intervention. Previous principal component analyses identified two lifestyle patterns from dietary intake, outdoor time and television viewing time. Random effect linear regression models were conducted to assess the impact of the intervention on lifestyle patterns.

Results

The intervention group had a lower ‘Discretionary consumption and TV’ lifestyle pattern score than the control group at all time points with adjusted mean difference: −0.29, 95% CI −0.49, −0.09, p = 0.004 post‐intervention at age 1.5 years; −0.29, 95% CI −0.54, −0.04, p = 0.02 at the first follow‐up (age 3.6 years); and −0.21, 95% CI −0.43, 0.01, p = 0.06 at the second follow‐up (age 5.0 years). No evidence of between‐group differences was found for the ‘Fruit, vegetables and outdoor’ lifestyle pattern score.

Conclusion

This early childhood intervention designed to promote change in more than one obesity‐related behaviour was effective in improving correlated unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. Lifestyle pattern analysis is a useful and interpretable approach for evaluating multi‐behavioural interventions.
Visceral fat and arterial stiffness in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Higgins Simon , Zemel Babette S. , Khoury Philip R. , Urbina Elaine M. , Kindler Joseph M.
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives

Visceral fat is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults, but studies in youth are limited. We assessed associations between visceral fat and arterial stiffness in youth with healthy weight, obesity and type 2 diabetes and determined whether relationships were independent of clinical estimates of body fatness.

Methods

This cross‐sectional sample included youth ages 10–23 years (67% female, 56% non‐black) with healthy weight (body mass index [BMI] = 5th–85th percentile, n = 236), obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile, n = 224) and type 2 diabetes (BMI ≥ 95th percentile, n = 145). Visceral fat was assessed via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed via applanation tonometry. Obesity and type 2 diabetes groups were combined for final analyses. Analyses accounted for age, sex, ancestry and mean arterial pressure.

Results

Visceral fat and PWV were greater in youth with obesity versus healthy weight (p < 0.001). In youth with obesity, but not healthy weight, visceral fat was positively associated with PWV (p < 0.001) and was predictive of PWV beyond BMI and waist circumference.

Conclusions

Visceral fat likely contributes to subclinical cardiovascular complications in youth. Since cardiovascular health tracks from adolescence to adulthood, longitudinal studies in youth with obesity are required to define the role of visceral fat in lifelong cardiovascular disease risk.
Prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities and age‐ and gender‐matched controls: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Schuch Felipe , Van Damme Tine , Firth Joseph , Suetani Shuichi , Stubbs Brendon , Van Biesen Debbie
Published: October 2021

Background

This meta‐analysis aims to: (i) describe the pooled prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities, (ii) investigate the association with demographic, clinical and treatment‐related factors and (iii) compare the prevalence versus age‐ and gender‐matched general population controls.

Methods

Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL were searched until 01 May 2021. Random effects meta‐analysis and an odds ratio analysis were conducted to compare rates with controls.

Results

The trim‐ and fill‐adjusted pooled diabetes prevalence amongst 55,548 individuals with intellectual disabilities (N studies = 33) was 8.5% (95% CI = 7.2%–10.0%). The trim‐ and fill‐adjusted odds for diabetes was 2.46 times higher (95% CI = 1.89–3.21) (n = 42,684) versus controls (n = 4,177,550).

Older age (R2 = .83, p < .001), smoking (R2 = .30, p = .009) and co‐morbid depression (R2 = .18, p = .04), anxiety (R2 = .97, p < .001), and hypertension (R2 = 0.29, p < .001) were associated with higher diabetes prevalence rates.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that people with intellectual disabilities are at an increased risk of diabetes, and therefore routine screening and multidisciplinary management of diabetes is needed.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide insufflation compared with room air insufflation during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kim Shin Hee , Hong Su Jin
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim

Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (GESD) under sedation can be used instead of room air insufflation. Appropriate monitoring of the partial pressure of CO2 during GESD is necessary due to the impaired respiration. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of CO2 insufflation during GESD compared with conventional room air insufflation.

Methods

Patients with a gastric epithelial neoplasm or early gastric cancer were enrolled. A total of 76 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to the CO2 insufflation group (CO2 group) or the room air insufflation group (air group). The primary outcome was the mean difference of end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) between two groups.

Results

The upper bound of the 95% CI for the mean EtCO2 difference between the two groups before the procedure and at 15, 30 and 45 min after insufflation met the criteria for noninferiority. In a subgroup analysis of patients 70 years and older, the mean difference of EtCO2 was not significantly different between two groups. However, the air group received more analgesics than the CO2 group after the procedure (67.6% vs 35.1%, P = 0.005). In addition, in terms of improvement of abdominal pain or bowel gas after 24 h of GESD, CO2 group showed better results than air group (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

CO2 insufflation during GESD is as safe as using room air, and patients, including elderly patients, receiving CO2 achieve more rapid relief of abdominal pain and intra‐abdominal residual gas during and after the procedure.
Discontinuation of beta‐blockers among nursing home residents at end of life
Authors: Lee Deborah S. , Zullo Andrew R. , Lee Yoojin , Daiello Lori A. , Kim Dae Hyun , Kiel Douglas P. , Berry Sarah D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Given limited life expectancy of nursing home (NH) residents, harms of continuing beta‐blockers (BBs) may outweigh clinical benefits. Our objective was to describe beta‐blocker discontinuation for NH residents during the last year of life, and identify characteristics associated with earlier discontinuation.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study that included all long‐stay residents in fee‐for‐service Medicare who died in 2016 and were prescribed oral BBs 1 year before death. Beta‐blocker discontinuation was defined as a gap in medication on hand for ≥45 days per Medicare Part D claims, measured from the last date drug was on hand. Comorbidities were obtained from Chronic Condition Warehouse, and other characteristics from the Minimum Data Set. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe time to first discontinuation. Findings were stratified by cardiac diagnoses, perceived life expectancy of <6 months, or elevated mortality index.

Results

Eighty‐eight thousand two hundred and eighty‐four residents were prescribed ≥1 daily BB 12 months before death. Mean age was 84.1 years and 69.2% were female. Of these, 60,573 residents (68.6%) remained on a BB in the last 45 days of life, and 57,880 residents (65.6%) had ≥1 cardiac diagnosis. Only 5239 residents (5.9%) had elevated mortality index, whereas 16,798 residents (19.0%) had perceived poor prognosis. In the last year of life, there was no difference in beta‐blocker discontinuation pattern between residents with and without cardiac diagnoses. Residents with perceived poor prognosis and elevated mortality index discontinued BBs earlier. For example, mean time until discontinuation among residents with poor perceived prognosis was 245 versus 279 days in residents without such prognosis (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

BBs are commonly prescribed to NH residents in the final year of life. Overall, discontinuation occurs earlier in residents for whom clinicians perceive limited life expectancy, suggesting that improved prognostication may offer an important opportunity to reduce polypharmacy toward end of life.