bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF INCISIONAL VENTRAL HERNIAS AFTER MIDLINE LAPAROTOMY: CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
Authors: Vanzha Ya. E , Vertyankin S. V , Yakubenko V. V , Samygin S. A , Vertyankina D. S
Published: December 2021

Despite an active search and an abundance of scattered recommendations for the prevention of incisional ventral hernias, there is still no consensus on many issues. Discussions continue about the use of a continuous or interrupted suture of the aponeurosis, the prophylactic use of a mesh endoprosthesis during the closure of abdominal wall incisions. The generally accepted methods of prevention include the use of monofilament non-absorbable synthetic materials when suturing the aponeurosis using the "small byte" technique. The first experience with a new prevention method, such as laparotomy with umbilical dissection, shows good results and requires further study.
CLINICAL CASE OF THREE-WAVE HYPEREOSINOPHILIA IN A BOY IN THE DYNAMICS OF OBSERVATION
Authors: Zriachkin N. I , Buchkova T. N , Kushnereva T. T
Published: December 2021

The wide spread of parasitic infestations determines the relevance of the problem. Parasitic hypereosinophilia accounts for 17-25 % of large eosinophilia. The peculiarity of the presented clinical case is three waves of hypereosinophilia. The first hypereosinophilia was detected at the age of 8 years against the background of a massive mixed invasion (ascaridosis and enterobiosis), and antibodies to ascarids and helminth eggs were not detected in the feces. Tangle ascarids and pinworms departed after taking nemasole. The second wave of hypereosinophilia was diagnosed at the age of 10 years against the background of opisthorchiasis (IgG - 1:400 antibody titer). The third wave of hypereosinophilia was established at the age of 11 years and 6 months against the background of toxocarosis and Giardia (antibodies to toxocars and Giardia in the diagnostic titer in August 2018) and hypereosinophilia persisted until December 26, 2019.
Eurasian integration and the internal socio-political conflict potential of the Central Asian region
Authors: Seleznev Igor
Published: December 2021

The article examines the internal security challenges in the Central Asian region (CAR), the causes of conflicts within the countries of the region. The article describes the general and special features of the socio-political situation in the CAR countries. This study was conducted within the framework of the theory of conflict. The paper uses the author's typology of costs and risks on the path of interstate integration: growth risks (economic, social, security) and immanent risks, as well as characteristics of the nature of regional conflicts. The author analyzes Russia's interests in the CAR, the conflict potential of the region, and the prospects for the development of Eurasian integration in the region. The main conflict-causing internal political factors are: poverty of the population, the growth of social differentiation, high unemployment, an overabundance of the able-bodied population, socio-economic instability; the archaization of public life; interethnic contradictions; the presence of a religious fundamentalist and extremist underground, waiting for the moment to seize power; the spread of drug addiction and the activities of organized criminal communities engaged in transit drug trafficking; the threat of political destabilization of the region both in the process of transferring power to a new generation of leaders and the change of leadership elites. Eurasian integration can strengthen the Russian vector in the policies of the countries involved in Eurasian integration, but it will not eliminate the influence of other vectors, it will only balance them. Participation in the Eurasian integration can help the CAR countries strengthen their independence and sovereignty. Since foreign "multi-vector" policy, often understood as a distance from Russia, leads to an increase in dependence on other centers of power, which ultimately contradicts the national interests of the CAR nations themselves.
Reading of today Russian adolescents in the context of digital reality
Authors: Berezinа Alexandra , Kolosova Elena
Published: December 2021

Reading of literature is important type of activity contributed to the formation of identity and worldview. Reading for teenagers has become an optional activity, perceived as the leisure, preference is given to watching TV, computer games, social networks and etс. These changes are principally related to the processes taking place in modern society, including the increasing representation of digital technologies in the life of adolescents. Psychological study showed that in the structure of reading motivation of today adolescents can be distinguished: benefit motive, entertainment motive, escapism motive, personal motive, compulsion motive, social motive. At the same time, more than a third of adolescents do not have any formed reading motivation, and prevail motives for reading are external motives: benefit motives, entertainment and compulsion motives. The age dynamic and gender differences can be traced. Sociological surveys show that the reading circle of adolescents consists of printed and electronic books and periodicals. The proportions change towards the preference for electronic reading. Despite the fact that the Internet has increased the intensity of teenagers reading, they read not only e-books, but also news, encyclopedias, humorous sites, publications about celebrities and music portals. Thus, digitalization increases the volume of reading, but decreases its quality.
National development projects of the country in the assessments of civil society
Authors: Novozhenina Olga
Published: December 2021

Significant socio-political contradictions have remained acute in our country today, which are a challenge to the sustainable development of Russian society. A strategy of state social policy based on national projects should become one of the tools to alleviate the severity of these contradictions. National goals and projects not only provide guidelines for economic development, but can also serve as a basis for consensus of interests of civil society and the state. The complex epidemiological situation, challenges and threats of a socio-political and foreign policy have intensified the socio-political alienation of the Russian state and civil society, pushed the problems of national projects in the information field into the background in 2021. The task of forming an attitude in the public consciousness to the need to solve the tasks set for both society and for each of the citizens remains. The article presents the data of the sociological monitoring "How are you, Russia?" according to the assessment of the importance of national projects for Russian citizens personally and for the whole society. It is shown that citizens in general assess the importance of national projects for society higher than for themselves, and in 2021 the level of assessments is lower than in 2020. In July 2021, two national projects were the most demanded both for themselves and for the Russian society as a whole: "Healthcare" and "Education". More than half of Russians also singled out the projects "Ecology", "Housing and urban environment" in terms of importance.
Gambaran Gangguan Perilaku dan Emosional pada Remaja Usia 10-24 Tahun Berdasarkan Faktor Sosiodemografi (Analisis Data Susenas Tahun 2015)
Authors: Aziz Udin Kurniawan , Lutfiya Indah , Sulaiman Iklil
Published: December 2021

Fase remaja merupakan transisi anak menuju dewasa. Perubahan psikosial pada fase remaja merupakan fase perubahan paling penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan perkembangan di masa dewasa. Fase remaja merupakan fase yang rentan mengalami gangguan perilaku dan gangguan emosional. Kondisi sosial dan demografi di lingkungan sekitar remaja dapat membentuk pola perilaku remaja dan berisiko berkontribusi terhadap timbulnya gangguan perilaku dan gangguan emosional pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan perilaku dan gangguan emosional pada remaja usia 10-24 tahun berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) Tahun 2015. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja yang mengalami gangguan perilaku dan atau emosional yaitu sebanyak 93 remaja. Hasil studi menunjukkan prevalensi remaja yang sedikit mengalami gangguan perilaku dan/atau emosional sebanyak 63 orang (67,74%), remaja yang seringkali mengalami gangguan perilaku dan/atau emosional sebanyak 22 orang (23,66%), dan remaja yang selalu mengalami gangguan perilaku dan/atau emosional sebanyak 8 orang (8,60%). Sebagian besar remaja yang mengalami gangguan perilaku dan atau gangguan emosional berusia 15-19 tahun, bersekolah, belum kawin, tidak memiliki keluhan kesehatan, bertempat tinggal di wilayah perkotaan, memiliki wealth index dengan kategori menengah, dan memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Peningkatan pengetahuan, pelatihan, dan advokasi tentang kesehatan mental pada remaja perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya gangguan perilaku dan emosional pada remaja.
Psychological peculiarities of the cognitive sphere of the future engineer as a subject of reliable professional work
Authors:   Tver state technical university, Balakshina Elena V.
Published: December 2021

Interest in the specifics of modern engineering activities, its psychological characteristics is due to the significance of engineering products. Their active introduction into all spheres of society today determines its special status and position among other types of professional activities. This trend is confirmed by the demand of engineering personnel in the labor market, the growing interest of young people in a number of engineering areas (information technology,nanotechnology, biotechnology). It should be noted that traditional types (construction, aviation engineering, transport, etc.) are not neglected. The differences in the existing types of engineering activity, as well as the representation of its complex options, are based on the variety of tasks solved by the engineer. Over the course of historical development, they became complicated under the demands of society, and their successful implementation required the presence of a high level of specialized knowledge (mathematics, physics, geometry, drawing, etc.), the technical orientation of thinking with a creative component. In this situation, the ability to innervate original, unexpected ideas, as well as the possibility of technical implementation of what the engineer conceived at a high-quality and safe level is an important criterion for the reliability of his work. Among the general pattern of professionally significant qualities, engineering thinking has a special position in the process of ensuring the effective performance of functional duties by a technical specialist (engineer), and the study of its leading indicators on the example of this professional community remains one of the priority areas of labor psychology and engineering psychology. The ability to track the general patterns of development of engineering thinking at the stage of professional training will allow us to reflect its peculiarities taking into account the profile (specialization), to improve training programs for future engineers.
The resource component of the dynamic of socio-psychological adaptation and conflict resistance of junior students
Authors:   Yaroslavl state university named after P. G. Demidov, Kashapov Artem S.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the author's understanding of the concept of adaptation as a process of interaction of the person with the environment, which unfolds in the form of activity that contributes to the transformation of the environment in accordance with the new conditions and goals of activity. From these positions, adaptation is studies in the context of the socialization of the person – a process that allows a person to acquire a new social status. Socio-psychological adaptability is consideres as an integrative quality of a person, characterized by the presence of cognitive, motivational, communicative and self-regulating components in its structure. These components nonadditively form a complete structure of socio-psychological adaptation, which has cognitive, motivating and transformative functions. The implementation of these functions increases conflict tolerance and ensures the use of adaptive actions in interpersonal interaction. The resource component of socio-psychological adaptation’s dynamic and conflict resistance of junior students is established. The reasons of biology students for the negative dynamic in the indicator «motivation of pursuit for success» are revealed. The need of psychology students for constant appeal to reflection and self-discovery in the learning process contributes to the formation of a positive attitude to their personality and self-acceptance. This personal orientation increases the resource capacity, which should be considered in the context of the activity of the subject. The resource component is determined by the non-homeostatic principle of its existence and the manifestation of its activity. Resource capacity is enriched in the process of carrying out activity and behavior. In this regard, resource capacity acts both as a process and as a result. Therefore, it is impossible to consider resource capacity outside of the subject of cognition, communication and activity.
Integrative approach to the assessment of abilities: results of research of students and teachers
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Bugaychuk Tatyana V.
Published: December 2021

The author of the article presents the results of an empirical study of the abilities of primary school students and adolescence. In the process of research, in addition to identifying the features of children's self-assessment of abilities and assessing their abilities by experts, the problem of integrating the results into educational activities, organizing cooperation between psychologists and teachers in the process of studying and further developing the abilities of students was solved. The main research methods were the author's method of self-assessment of abilities, developed and tested on the basis of the method of studying self-esteem by Dembo-Rubinstein, as well as the author's method of expert assessment by teachers and psychologists of students’ abilities. As a result of the analysis of statistical data of self-reported and expert assessments of abilities of different age children, the author received important patterns. Attention is drawn to the fact that the areas of ability in which the significance of differences between expert and self-reported indicators is noted (primary school age children – an artistic sphere, a musical sphere, a motor sphere, a sphere of communication and leadership; adolescents – a sphere of academic achievements and a literary sphere), are more associated with the individual activities of students, most often outside the school, since educational activity does not imply a systematic manifestation of these areas among schoolchildren. This result is focused on a comprehensive study of all areas of students’ abilities by psychologists and teachers, as well as the introduction of multi-directional methods of research and development of abilities in educationalactivities, which, of course, determines the importance and need for cooperation of school specialists in the development of students’ abilities.
Research of mnemic abilities of children of primary school age by the method of activity deployment
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Ogorodnikova Larisa A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of methods of research of memory and mnemic abilities of children of primary school age, comparison of informativeness of the methods used. The article substantiates the prospects of using the method of deployment of activity for the qualitative analysis of the specifics of the development of mnemic abilities of younger schoolchildren. The method allows us to give a detailed description of the features of the development of mnemic abilities in primary school age makes it possible to study the procedural, productive, genetic aspects of mnemic abilities and allows us to characterize their structure. This method was used by us in the development of methods for the diagnosis of mnemic abilities of children 7 – 10 years, which allowed to characterize the specifics of the development of mnemic abilities of children in primary school age, to identify qualitative and quantitative characteristics of mnemic processes of children, features of the development of structural components of mnemic abilities, and also to establish the presence of a specific trend, which is that the beginning of the formation of regulatory mechanisms of mnemic abilities as well as the beginning of the formation of operational mechanisms and their inclusion in mnemic processes can reduce the productivity of mnemic activity in younger schoolchildren. The results of an empirical study are presented. As a result of qualitative and quantitative analysis, 3 groups of subjects were identified, and it was found that the subjects of the 1st subgroups of each of the 3 groups are at the stageof pre-activity memory. The subjects of group 2 of the 2nd and 3rd subgroups use techniques for processing memorized information, we can talk about the formation of operational mechanisms of mnemic abilities, which can be characteristic of the transition stage of the genesis of mnemic abilities): from pre-activity memory to mnemic activity. The subjects of the 3rd subgroup of 3 groups are the most perfect in the whole sample, the control of mnemonic processes close to that of internal control and the formation of regulatory mechanisms of mnemonic abilities, along with the formation of the operating mechanisms and their incorporation into the MNEMIC processes reduces the productivity of the latter, due to lack of development and efficiency.
Subjectivity of the perception of Time in the Myth -making of the Soviet Era
Authors:   Yaroslavl state theater institute, Erokhina Tatiyana I.
Published: December 2021

Time is the basic concept of modern cultural and socio-cultural knowledge. Being a part of the chronotope, the concept of time in the history of culture becomes self-sufficient and is represented at different levels. The discourse of time sets an axiological system of coordinates and cultural codes that allow us to reveal the essential characteristics of different types of culture. The most representative transformation of ideas about time is represented in Soviet culture, which claims to model a new picture of the world. The article deals with the mythological discourse of time, which reveals the temporality of human existence in the Soviet era. The author analyzes the structure and semantic content of the definition of mythological time, determines the vectors of subjectivization of time in the process of myth-making. Mythological time cycles and holidays created during the Soviet period are outlined, and the futuristic and utopian nature of the time paradigm is revealed. When discussing the topic, the author turns to the representation of the perception of time in artistic and everyday practices, and notes the transformation and evolution of the discourse of timein relation to theoretical models of temporality. The author notes the ritual nature of Soviet culture, in which time becomes not only a condition for the existence of the ritual, but also its content aspect. The time paradigm becomes the ontological basis for the formation of the Soviet canon in art. The article outlines the continuity and originality of the subjectivization of time in the myth-making of the Soviet era, which can become the basis for understanding the evolution and paradoxical nature of the temporal discourse of modernity.
A. A. Zinoviev: reflections on Soviet man and Soviet being
Authors:   Institute of philosophy of the Russian academy of sciences, Nikolskiy Sergey A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the main ideas of A. A. Zinoviev about the nature of the Soviet society and Soviet man. The author proceeds from the idea that in their existence people follow one of two known histories of worldview constructs – business and communal. And if in the business structure people are focused primarily on satisfying their material and spiritual needs, then in the communal one their relationship is determined by the compulsion of being together, caring about how to settle in these relations. Not the matter itself, but the conditions, circumstances of doing, despite the fact that the turn does not always reach the matter, the characteristic of this construct. Soviet people always elect the second. The Soviet model of a social structure is not only far from the Marxist idea, but it destroys the fundamental basis of communism – «proletarians, unite» and «the condition for the development of everyone – the condition for the development of all.» Stalin, who discovered and realized communist communality in the USSR, was one of the most adequate rulers for Russia, who was at the head of the country not thanks to personal characteristics, but as a result of a reaction to the needs and aspirations of society. In his analysis of the Soviet man and Soviet being, Zinoviev does not bother to reflect on many tragic phenomena of reality – the destruction of entire social strata that possessed or were related to property and its forms of legitimization. For him, all these people, as well as their persecutors were «scum.» Zinoviev's views are an example of a sympathetic understanding weighed down by a predetermined idea – the Soviet system and Stalin are the best forms of public life of Russians.
The ways of primary students’ intellectual and creative potential development through extracurricular activities
Authors:   Cherepovets state university, Mikhaylova Anastasiya Y. , Yakovleva Elena V. ,   Cherepovets state university
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the research of junior students intellectual and creative potential in extracurricular activities in a comprehensive school. The term intellectual and creative potential and its components were defined by using systematic and integral approach. A students club is one the form of extracurricular activity. It also provides great opportunities in early diagnostics and intellectual and creative potential development. The aim of the present research was to prove the effectiveness of pedagogical terms of intellectual and creative potential development of junior students. So the main aim, principles, values and the subject matter of the extracurricular program were described. The results of the program in three main directions were also clarified. The total development of all intellectual and creative potential components involves the creation of a special motivating creative surrounding. Cognitive processes development was based on junior students’ language development, the enlargement of the vocabulary, the information finding skills. Creative and motivating components were cultivated by organizing students’ project and research activities and using creative thinking tasks and special creative activities in extracurricular classes. The effectiveness of pedagogical terms of intellectual and creative potential development was proved with the results of control diagnostics among the students. Positive changes were marked in cognitive, creative and motivating components. The statistic appraisal of control diagnostics results also confirms the hypothesis of our research. So the effective intellectual and creative potential development is possible in a motivating creative surrounding in extracurricular activities with complex development of all components.
Formation of Creative Personality of a Theater Teacher: Yaroslavl Theater School Experience
Authors:   Yaroslavl state theatre institute, Azeeva Irina V.
Published: December 2021

The article explores the process of formation of creative personality of a theater teacher. The author analyzes the experience of Yaroslavl theater school, which formation was started in 1962 by F. E. Shishigin, a creative leader of the Theater named after F. G. Volkov, one of the major Russian directors of this epoch, and the initiator of the opening of the theater vocational school in Yaroslavl. At the time when Yaroslavl theater school was coming into being, F. E. Shishigin opened a teachers’ creative laboratory, which work had a significant influence on the formation of creative personalities of the teachers in the school. The process of professional formation of creative personality of a theater teacher within the framework of the teachers’ creative laboratory of Yaroslavl theater school, described in the study in retrospect, gave the author an opportunity for a profound description of the process of formation and development of the theater school phenomenon itself. The material under study allowed the author to draw an important conclusion that the establishment of the theater institute on the basis of the theater vocational school in Yaroslavl in 1980, didn’t affect the continuity in the existingpedagogical tradition (school). This, in many ways, was facilitated by the continuous work of the teachers’ creative laboratory. Using various methodological approaches (primarily cultural and theatrical ones) to comprehend how creative personality of a theater teacher is being formed, the author of the article concludes that the study of cultivation of creative personality of a teacher is relevant on the territory of the modern theater school. Analysis of the pedagogical heritage of F. E. Shishigin contributes to the body of cultural and theatrical knowledge of theater pedagogy, theater school in general and Yaroslavl theater school in particular. The examined topic will be interesting to specialists in the field of theater education, as well as culturologists studying the creative personality phenomenon.
Difficulties and prospects of teaching world history in Chinese universities
Authors:   Suzhou University of science and technology, Zonghua Zhang , Yanhong Jiang ,   Suzhou University of science and technology
Published: December 2021

It is noted that history textbooks are the main means of obtaining holistic, systematic and accurate historical knowledge for students, and the Internet provides a good platform for making holistic and genuine history textbooks. It is emphasized that the state practically does not interfere in the dissemination of natural science knowledge, including production of textbooks on natural sciences, but the preparation of textbooks on the humanities and especially on history is always in the field of view of the leadership of any country. It is noted that after the beginning of reforms and openness in China, the transformation of history textbooks is slow. Despite the departure from the Marxist-Leninist framework in interpretation of history, the replacement of the class paradigm with the civilizational one, the recognition of democratic values, history textbooks are limited to the old structure. History classes are an important position for transfering historical knowledge. The problems of teaching history at school and university levels are noted. The historical and philosophical faculties of famous faculties have difficulties in recruiting students, the historical faculties are transformed into faculties for the training of specialists in tourism management. Technical fetishism, followed by the younger generation, is considered as a great danger to the future, as danger of turning a person into a «well-trained dog» that has nothing to do with a harmoniously developed person. It is emphasized that teaching of history should not be formal, it is necessary to teach history students not for the sake of being useful in a future profession. The goal of teaching history should be, firstly, the transfer of historical knowledge, and secondly, the development of independent and critical thinking, as well as value judgment in a person.
The efficiency of applying methods of work with short videos at online english lessons with junior chinese students
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Polunina Tatyana S.
Published: December 2021

This article is intended for English language professors working at Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African studies with junior students from the PRC. The author emphasizes a number of significant advantages of using short films at online English classes with Chinese students due to their inherent ethno-psychological characteristics and peculiarities of Chinese culture. The work pays great attention to the power of the emotional impact of the videos on students, the formation of their personal attitude to what they see and linguistic abilities through language exercises. This article describes and analyzes some effective methods of working with video material. First of all, we are talking about the use of the three C method and the three S method, developed by the British Institute of Filmography, to simplify the process of analyzing a short film at online English classes. The author draws conclusions about how theuse of these methods contributes to the formation of analytical skills, visualization skills, as well as the skills of interpreting the material. The aim of the article is to enrich the professor’s arsenal with methods of working with short films at online English classes, as one of the most important tools for increasing the literacy level of Chinese students. The relevance of the work is explained by the professor’s ability to timely adapt to changes in the field of education caused by the rapid transformation of society. The problems under consideration will also be of interest to specialists teaching English, both as the main language and as a second one to students from abroad.
Possibilities of using drama-hermeneutics in the context of intensification of foreign language teaching. I. Pedagogical component
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Chemyakina Nina V.
Published: December 2021

he method of activating the capabilities of the individual and the team, the method of suggestopedia using technical means, the emotional-semantic method, the immersion method, the course of speech behavior, the method of rhythmopedia and hypnopedia. The possibilities of their application in teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university are considered, the main methodological principles of intensive training are revealed. The article analyzes the possibilities of using drama-hermeneutics in the context of the intensification of foreign language teaching in a nonlinguistic university, where the dramatic and hermeneutical concepts have already collected the necessary principles of intensification, united by the pedagogical process into a single whole. The concept of «drama-hermeneutics» is presented as a combination of three principles: pedagogy, hermeneutics and theater skills, where each component provides new opportunities for the implementation of the intensification of the educational process. The intersubject and meta-subject orientation of drama-hermeneutics is noted, which makes it possible to adapt theater tasks and the hermeneutical chain to the conditions of teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university. The article highlights the main aspects of the pedagogical component, which are a resource for solving the problem of intensifying the learning process. The importance of using the drama-hermeneutical approach is emphasized, thanks to which students ' cognitive interests are activated, communication skills, emotional sphere, thinking and speech as well as the ability to perform creative and research work in a foreign language in a group are developed. The article describes the positive nature of the use of the drama-hermeneutical approach in foreign language classes at a non-linguistic university, whichis expressed in the integrity of the students ' formed idea of the work to which the lesson is dedicated, thanks to which its image is created and permanently imprinted in the minds of students.
Conceptual ideas, approaches, principles of forming psychologically comfortable environment in rural school
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Korshunova Olga V. , Bobyleva Nadezhda I. ,   Institute for education development, Yaroslavl, Pomelov Vladimir B. ,   Vyatka State University, Kharisova Inga G. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky
Published: December 2021

The problem of the educational environment as a fundamental unit of the educational system has always worried scientists, teachers and practitioners. Currently, this phenomenon is considered as pedagogical reality that allows developing subjectivity, creative abilities of students and their self-realization. For rural schools, the problem of creating such psychologically comfortable and at the same time safe educational environment in science has not been solved until now. The relevance of this scientific task reinforces the need to understand the changes taking place in rural schools caused by the pandemic and the forced transition to mixed education. Objective: to determine the methodological basis in the form of reference concepts for the formation of psychologically comfortable educational environment in rural school. Objectives of the study: a) formulation of the main ideas that lead to the identification of methodological approaches necessary for the formation of a psychologically comfortable educational environment; b) concretization of the essence of the selected approaches through the construction of principles as general guidelines for the implementation of appropriate pedagogical activities in order to solve the identified problem. Methods: remote brainstorming, analysis of the results of scientific research on similar issues; theoretical modeling. Result: The result is the formulated 4 ideas-concepts, revealed in more detail through 6 methodological approaches and 18 principles, which can serve as leading guidelines for the implementation of the process of forming psychologically comfortable educational environment in rural school.
Targets for the formation of a psychologically comfortable and safe environment in rural school
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Gushchina Tatiyana N. , Salnikova Yulia N. ,   Institute for education development, Yaroslavl
Published: December 2021

The authors of the article actualize the problem of identifying and justifying the targets for the formation of a psychologically comfortable and psychologically safe educational environment of rural school. The relevance of the problem is determined by modern socio-economic and sociocultural conditions, in which there are many risks and restrictions for psychologically comfortable and safe stay of a person in society. Modern studies of Russian scientists indicate that the psychological well-being of all participants in educational relations, as well as the favorable course of age-related crises and the successful socialization of students in society depend on the processes of improving the educational environment. The article presents the results of the work of the problem group «Targets for the formation of psychologically comfortable and safe environment in rural schools», which was organized during the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation «The formation of psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment in rural schools». The participants of the problem group identified the essential characteristics and features of a psychologically comfortable and psychologically safe educational environment in rural school; we identified and identified as the key targets for the formation of this environment its purpose, the main methodological approach (subject-environment approach), the main functions, the leading idea, principles and goals for the formation of a psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment in a rural school. On the basis of the «Goal Tree» method, a hierarchy of goals for the formation of a psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment is built in three directions: the administrative and management team of rural educational organizations, students of rural educational organizations, teachers of rural educational organizations. The materials presented in the article can become a target reference point in the process of forming environments that meet the characteristics of psychological comfort and psychological safety.
Creation of education centers for digital and humanitarian profiles on the basis of secondary schools of the Perm Region as a factor of the professional development of teachers
Authors:   Institute for education development, Perm, Novikova Olga N. , Skorynin Andrey A. ,   Institute for education development, Perm
Published: December 2021

The article discusses topical issues of professional development of teachers of secondary schools in the Perm Region in the course of the realization of the national project «Education». According to the law, teachers have to improve their professional level systematically. Besides different training courses for teachers an important factor in the professional development of teachers is the creation of a new educational environment for the school. Within the framework of the national project «Education», in 2020 in municipal districts of the Perm Region there were opened 21 Centers for the education of digital and humanitarian profiles «Tochka Rosta» («Growth Point»). Сenters have high-tech equipment for the study of technology, informatics, life safety. To study the experience of Сenters, a survey of teachers and heads of schools was carried out. The study shows that the creation of Centers in schools of the Perm Territory contributed to the formation of an innovative educational environment that opens up new opportunities for professional growth of teachers.
VERGİ KARMAŞIKLIĞI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’DE HARCAMA VERGİLERİNİN OKUNABİLİRLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: YELMAN Ercan
Published: December 2021

Vergi kanunlarının karmaşık oluşu ve okunabilirliğine ilişkin hususlar yeni olmamakla birlikte günümüzde hala tartışma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çerçevede hazırlanan bu çalışmada vergi karmaşıklığı bağlamında Türkiye’de harcama vergilerinin okunabilirlik analizi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ana teması bu doğrultuda hazırlanarak Türk Vergi Sistemi içerisinde yer alan harcama vergilerinin vergi karmaşıklığı bağlamında okunabilirlik açısından karmaşıklık düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Türk Vergi Sistemi’nde yer alan harcama vergilerinin vergi karmaşıklığı bağlamında kanun metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerini ölçmektir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda harcama vergileri ayrı ayrı Ateşman Okunabilirlik Formülü yardımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde ilgili kanun metinlerine bakıldığında en karmaşık vergi, Banka ve Sigorta Muameleleri Vergisi olurken okunabilirlik düzeyi en kolay kanun ise Şans Oyunları Vergisi Kanunu olarak gözlemlenmiştir.
O MITO DA VERDADE REAL: O PAPEL DA MÍDIA NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA COLETIVA EM DETRIMENTO DA ACESSIBILIDADE JUDICIÁRIA
Authors: Oliveira Viana Evelyn , Carregosa Rocha Sheila Marta
Published: December 2021

A Constituição da República de 1988 consagrou após anos de repressão o reconhecimento legal dos princípios tais como a dignidade da pessoa humana e dos direitos fundamentais, sendo alguns deles: o direito à informação, à memória e ao acesso à justiça, dessa forma, no Brasil passa vigorar o denominado Estado Democrático de Direito. Nesse sentido, é possível ressaltar que a sociedade pós-moderna possui um contexto de proteção aos seus direitos assegurados por lei. Todavia, este momento social traz consigo um exacerbado poder midiático no que tange ao oferecimento de informações e construção de opiniões, moldando assim, o sujeito em todos os aspectos. Este artigo, utilizando-se do método indutivo, baseando-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, tem como objetivo demonstrar como ocorre esse poder da grande mídia na construção da memória e de que forma prejudica a construção crítica do indivíduo de modo a violar direitos como: do acesso à justiça e à memória em nome do direito à informação e como consequência, a insegurança jurídica ao estado Democrático de Direito.
Natural conditions of the formation of the monument of Maly Gonbinsky Kordon-2 of the Odintsovo Culture of Altai in the 4th–8th centuries A.D.
Authors: Baryshnikova O.N. , Mikharevich M.V. , Grushin S.P. , Saybert V.O.
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at reconstructing the natural and climatic conditions of the Upper Ob River region (south of Western Siberia) in the early Middle Ages (4th–8th centuries A.D.), based on the paleosol data obtained from the fortified settlements of Maly Gonbinsky Kordon-2/11 and Maly Gonbinsky Kordon-2 / 6-3. Settlements are located on the terrace of the right bank of the Ob River. The fortification elements are represented by a horse-shoe-shaped system of a ditch and a rampart, adjacent to the edge of the above-floodplain terrace, inside which there were dwellings and outbuildings. Archaeological investigations of the settlements permitted to study the sediments of the first terrace above the floodplain and to select core samples for palynological analysis. Applica-tion of this method allowed reconstruction of the vegetation during the occupational period of the complex of monuments MGK-2. For interpreting of the actual data, the method of landscape analysis was employed. The need for its application for carrying out paleogeographic reconstructions is warranted by the presence of the relict elements in the morphological structure of the landscapes. To establish their paleogeographic status, within the framework of this study, there was determined the percentage ratio of the amount of pollen and seeds of plants extracted from the deposits of the first above-floodplain terrace, corresponding to the existence of the Odintsovo Culture and belonging to different ecological groups. As the result, the dominance of sparse birch forests and forb dry meadows in the landscape structure of that time was established, whereas the vegetation associations featu-ring pine forests were in the status of progressive elements of the landscape structure. Also, supersedence of birch forb forests by green moss pine forests was revealed. The use of the landscape approach allowed recon-struction of natural conditions of the territory occupied by the complex of fortified settlements of MGK-2. On the basis of the digital elevation model, 3D visualization of the surface of the sediments overlapping the cultural layer of the monuments was rendered, which shows the location of the objects at the lowest elevations of the surface I above the floodplain terrace and the effects of the surface water flow. This necessitated construction of a drai-nage system, the main elements of which might be represented by shallow ditches.
Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo
Authors: Ferreira Márcia dos Santos
Published: December 2021

O Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais (CRPE) de São Paulo foi criado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos, em 1956, e funcionou em um dos prédios que hoje abrigam a Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (FEUSP). Dedicou-se à realização de pesquisas educacionais, ao oferecimento de cursos a professores e administradores escolares, ao assessoramento de sistemas de ensino e à experimentação pedagógica, contribuindo, também, para a mobilização política em defesa da Educação pública, universal, gratuita, laica e democrática. Suas articulações com a Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP e seus setores voltados à Educação marcaram todo o seu período de funcionamento, que se encerrou no início da década de 1970, quando foi incorporado à FEUSP.
Characteristics and Organizational Capacity of Nonprofits in Rural, Persistently Poor Southern Counties in the United States
Authors: Walters Jayme , Wallis Dorothy
Published: December 2021

The present study focuses on organizational capacity of nonprofits located in rural, persistently poor counties in the South region of the United States, an area of the country that encapsulates the majority of rural poverty. IRS Form 990 data were utilized for recruitment and to obtain demographic characteristics for nonprofits in the area of interest (N=3,530). Emailed and mailed surveys to all qualifying organizations sought to measure organizational capacity. Data from 292 nonprofits were examined in a descriptive analysis. Overall, the participating rural nonprofits scored moderate to high in most dimensions of organizational capacity. Financial management, strategic planning, collaboration, and program planning were strengths in organizational capacity. Evaluation, succession planning, fundraising planning, human resources, and volunteer management were challenges. Study findings provide guidance to capacity builders and funders to guide future training, investments, and policy related to rural nonprofits and communities they serve.
Pitfalls in Sleep and Memory Research and How to Avoid Them: A Consensus Paper
Authors: Nemeth Dezso , Gerbier Emilie , Born Jan , Rickard Timothy , Albouy Genevieve , Diekelman Susanne , Fogel Stuart , Genzel Lisa , Prehn-Kristensen Alexander , Payne Jessica , Dresler Martin , Simor Peter , Mazza Stephanie , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Ruby Perrine , Spencer Rebecca , Schabus Manuel , Janacsek Karolina
Published: December 2021

Understanding the complex relationship between sleep and memory is a major challenge in neuroscience. Thousands of studies on memory consolidation in humans suggest that sleep triggers offline memory processes, resulting in less forgetting of declarative memory and performance stabilization in non-declarative memory. However, an increasing number of contradictory findings reveal potential issues with how research is conducted in this field and call into question the reliability and interpretation of the results. In this consensus paper, we describe four sets of prevalent methodological pitfalls in human sleep and memory research: (i) non-optimal experimental designs, (ii) task complexity, (iii) fatigue effects in repetitive tasks, and (iv) inappropriate data analysis practices. We then offer solutions to each of these pitfalls. We believe that implementing these solutions in future research of sleep and memory will lead to more reliable results and significantly advance our understanding in this field.