bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postcapture Survival and Future Reproductive Potential of Ovigerous Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus Caught in the Central North Carolina Pot Fishery
Authors: Darnell M. Zachary , Darnell Kelly M. , McDowell Ruth E. , Rittschof Dan
Published: January 2011

Harvest restrictions by sex or reproductive status are used to protect many spawning stocks. In most U.S. states, fishery regulations for blue crabs Callinectes sapidus require release of ovigerous crabs. Ovigerous crabs caught in pots become stressed by capture and physically damage the egg mass and remove eggs. We conducted a survey to assess the extent of egg mass damage in pot‐caught crabs as well as crabs caught by hand and not subjected to pot stress. Egg mass damage was more prevalent in pot‐caught crabs (>45% during all months) than in crabs caught by hand (<6% during all months). We investigated the postcapture survival, reproductive output, and larval viability of crabs with varying amounts of egg mass damage by collecting ovigerous crabs from the pot fishery and confining them in the field for the duration of their lifetimes. Over 80% of the crabs survived to release the clutch present at capture, and crabs produced up to six clutches of eggs. Of 156 clutches produced in confinement, only 1 was damaged. Crabs confined individually and fed do not experience the stress that causes egg mass damage in pots. The lipid content of early‐stage eggs (77.0 ± 1.3% [mean ± SE]), larval carapace width (269.0 ± 3.34 μm), and larval survival time without food (3.0 ± 0.11 d) were similar for all clutches and levels of egg mass damage. Clutch volume decreased by approximately 20% with each subsequent clutch, and the percentage of embryos developing normally decreased from 97 ± 0.6% for clutch 1 to 79 ± 10.8% for clutch 5. Immediate release of ovigerous crabs could be a viable management strategy, but it would have severe economic consequences for fishermen in high‐salinity areas. Area closures, combined with subsidies for crabbers during critical times, may be the most viable management strategy until crab populations recover from current diminished levels.
Verification of Otolith Identity Used by Fisheries Scientists for Aging Channel Catfish
Authors: Long James M. , Stewart David R.
Published: January 2011

Previously published studies of the age estimation of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus based on otoliths have reported using the sagittae, whereas it is likely they were actually using the lapilli. This confusion may have resulted because in catfishes (ostariophyseans) the lapilli are the largest of the three otoliths, whereas in nonostariophysean fish the sagittae are the largest. Based on (1) scanning electron microscope microphotographs of channel catfish otoliths, (2) X‐ray computed tomography scans of a channel catfish head, (3) descriptions of techniques used to removed otoliths from channel catfish reported in the literature, and (4) a sample of channel catfish otoliths received from fisheries biologists from around the country, it is clear that lapilli are most often used for channel catfish aging studies, not sagittae, as has been previously reported. Fisheries scientists who obtain otoliths from channel catfish can use the information in this paper to correctly identify otolith age.
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique
Authors: Sitoe Sonia Paula Benedito Luis , Rafael Bernardete , Meireles Luciana Regina , Andrade Jr. Heitor Franco de , Thompson Ricardo
Published: January 2011

Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups of samples from Mozambique by ELISA, using serum samples from 150 pregnant women and six Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AIDS patients with encephalitis. HIV status was confirmed, and CD4 blood counts were obtained from HIV-positive pregnant women. IgG seroprevalence of the group as a whole was 18.7% (28/150), with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive individuals compared to those who were HIV-negative (31.3%, [18/58] vs. 10.9%, [10/92]) patients. These data may be biased due to cumulative effects of exposition affecting disease prevalence. If corrected, this data may indicate an interaction of HIV and T. gondii. Prevalence of both diseases increases with age, but this is more clearly seen for toxoplasmosis (p < 0.005) than HIV infection, possibly explained by higher transmission of HIV after childhood. In HIV patients suffering from encephalitis, CSF serology showed that 33% of specific IgG CSF had a high avidity, which was in accordance with the data from the group of pregnant women. Lower prevalence rates of both infections in older groups could be explained by more deaths in the infected groups, resulting in an artificially lower prevalence. Using CD4 counts as a marker of time of HIV infection, and correcting for age, patients with contact with T. gondii had fewer CD4 cells, suggesting prolonged HIV disease or other causes. Toxoplasma IgG prevalence is higher in HIV+ groups, which could be ascribed to HIV- and T. gondii-associated risk factors, such as exposure to higher and more diverse social contacts. The low incidence of Toxoplasma IgG in younger age groups shows that transmission could be related to better access to cyst-containing meat in adulthood, as environmental transmission due to oocysts is usually blamed for higher incidence in children. Taken together, these data support the urgent need of research in toxoplasmosis in Africa, especially in the presence of HIV epidemics.
Continuous Infusion of Bupivacaine for Pain Control after Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Grafting for Alveolar Cleft Repair in Children
Authors: Meara Daniel Joseph , Livingston Nicholas Ryan , Sittitavornwong Somsak , Ness Timothy , Boyce James , Wang Deli , Daniel Waite Peter
Published: January 2011

Objective

The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of continuous infusion bupivacaine, (2) to evaluate the effects of the site-specific catheter infusion on operating room time, narcotic use, ambulatory status, and length of hospitalization, (3) to monitor for adverse outcomes, and (4) to assess patient/family acceptance.

Design

Randomized, double-blinded, and prospective study of bupivacaine versus saline for pain control after anterior iliac crest bone grafting for alveolar cleft repair.

Setting

University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Patients

A total of 65 pediatric patients with alveolar cleft defects treated between 2006 and 2009.

Interventions

Anterior iliac crest bone grafting for alveolar cleft repair with assignment to either a bupivacaine or a saline infusion group.

Main Outcome Measures

Physical examination, pain ratings, narcotic use, ambulatory status, operating room time, and length of hospital stay.

Results

On the blinded physical exam, 71% in the bupivacaine infusion group and 42% in the saline infusion group were assessed as not experiencing pain at the surgical hip site. The experimental group used less narcotics compared with the control group. No significant differences were noted with operating room time, initial ambulatory status, or length of hospitalization (1.09 versus 1.12 days). Satisfaction and acceptance of the catheter treatment was universal.

Conclusions

These results suggest that postoperative infusion of bupivacaine may be efficacious for enhancing pain relief after bone harvest in pediatric patients and may enhance parental perceptions of postoperative care; however, this patient population is difficult to study accurately.
Association Between Respiratory Disease in Hospitalized Patients and Periodontal Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Shamsuddin H.
Published: January 2011

Background: Recent research indicated that periodontal infection may worsen systemic diseases, including pulmonary disease. Respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, involve the aspiration of bacteria from the oropharynx into the lower respiratory tract.

Methods: A group of 100 cases (hospitalized patients with respiratory disease) and a group of 100 age‐, sex‐, and race‐matched outpatient controls (systemically healthy patients from the outpatient clinic, Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Calicut, Kerala, India) were selected for the study. Standardized measures of oral health that were performed and compared included the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI). Data regarding probing depths and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were recorded at four sites per tooth and compared statistically. The χ2 and Student t tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results: The comparison of study‐population demographics on the basis of age, sex, education, and income showed no significant differences between groups. Patients with respiratory disease had significantly greater poor periodontal health (OHI and PI), gingival inflammation (GI), deeper pockets, and CALs compared to controls. In the case group, patients with a low income were 4.4 times more prone to periodontal disease compared to high‐income patients. Smokers had significantly higher CALs compared to non‐smokers in the control group.

Conclusion: The findings of the present analysis support an association between respiratory and periodontal disease.
Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative and Parathyroid Hormone on Bone Formation in Standardized Osseous Defects: An Experimental Study in Minipigs
Authors: Jensen Simon S. , Chen Bo , Bornstein Michael M. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Buser Daniel
Published: January 2011

Background: Previous experimental studies have indicated that locally administered enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may have a stimulatory effect on bone formation. However, it is not clear if the positive effect of EMD is related to its effect on the periodontium as a whole or directly on the bone‐forming cells. In addition, it is not known if the presentation of PTH by adding the amino acid sequence Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) is essential for its osteopromotive effect. Local delivery of a bioactive substance at the right time and in the right concentration often constitutes a major challenge. Polyethylene glycol–based hydrogel (PEG) is a degradable vehicle developed for delivery of bioactive proteins. To enhance the mechanical stability of the PEG‐bioactive substance complex, an osteoconductive bone substitute material is often needed.

Methods: Three standard diameter monocortical bone defects were prepared bilaterally in the mandibles of 18 Göttingen minipigs. The six defects of each animal were grafted with 1) autogenous bone chips, 2) biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute (BCP), 3) PEG + BCP, 4) EMD + PEG + BCP, 5) PTH + PEG + BCP, or 6) PTH‐RGD + PEG + BCP. A non‐resorbable barrier membrane was used to cover the defects. Three groups of six animals healed for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively.

Results: There was no statistically significant effect of EMD, PTH, and PTH + RGD on bone formation compared to BCP and BCP + PEG. Particulated autografts showed the highest amount of new bone formation at all observation periods.

Conclusion: The present study fails to demonstrate any stimulatory effect of EMD, PTH, or PTH + RGD in combination with an experimental PEG hydrogel and BCP on bone formation.
Enacting Sustainable School-Based Health Initiatives: A Communication-Centered Approach to Policy and Practice
Authors: LeGreco Marianne , Canary Heather E.
Published: January 2011

Communication plays an important role in all aspects of the development and use of policy. We present a communication-centered perspective on the processes of enacting public health policies.

Our proposed conceptual framework comprises 4 communication frames: orientation, amplification, implementation, and integration. Empirical examples from 2 longitudinal studies of school-based health policies show how each frame includes different communication processes that enable sustainable public health policy practices in school-based health initiatives. These 4 frames provide unique insight into the capacity of school-based public health policy to engage youths, parents, and a broader community of stakeholders.

Communication is often included as an element of health policy; however, our framework demonstrates the importance of communication as a pivotal resource in sustaining changes in public health practices.
Forcing the Navy to Sell Cigarettes on Ships: How the Tobacco Industry and Politicians Torpedoed Navy Tobacco Control
Authors: Offen Naphtali , Arvey Sarah R. , Smith Elizabeth A. , Malone Ruth E.
Published: January 2011

In 1986, the US Navy announced the goal of becoming smoke-free by 2000. However, efforts to restrict tobacco sales and use aboard the USS Roosevelt prompted tobacco industry lobbyists to persuade their allies in Congress to legislate that all naval ships must sell tobacco. Congress also removed control of ships’ stores from the Navy. By 1993, the Navy abandoned its smoke-free goal entirely and promised smokers a place to smoke on all ships. Congressional complicity in promoting the agenda of the tobacco industry thwarted the Navy's efforts to achieve a healthy military workforce. Because of military lobbying constraints, civilian pressure on Congress may be necessary to establish effective tobacco control policies in the armed forces.
Manufacturing Credibility: The National Energy Management Institute and the Tobacco Institute's Strategy for Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Campbell Richard B. , Balbach Edith D.
Published: January 2011

Objectives. We studied tobacco industry efforts during the 1980s and 1990s to promote the National Energy Management Institute (NEMI), a nonprofit organization, as an authority on indoor air quality as part of the industry's strategy to oppose smoke-free worksite policies.

Methods. We analyzed tobacco industry documents, conducted literature searches in Lexis–Nexis for background and historical literature, and reviewed relevant public health and policy literature.

Results. The tobacco industry provided more than US $6 million to NEMI to establish it as an authority on indoor air quality and to work with it to undermine support for smoke-free air policies by promoting ventilation as a solution to indoor air quality problems. Tobacco industry support for NEMI was not publicly disclosed.

Conclusions. NEMI was a valuable ally for the tobacco industry through NEMI's ties to organized labor, its technical background, and its status as a third-party actor. NEMI also helped the industry to portray ventilation to improve overall indoor air quality and smoke-free worksites as an either–or choice; in fact, both can improve worker health.
Computational Studies of Two-Phase Cement/CO2/Brine Interaction in Wellbore Environments
Authors: Carey J. William , Lichtner Peter C.
Published: January 2011

Wellbore integrity is essential to ensuring long-term isolation of buoyant supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) during geologic sequestration of CO2. In this paper, we summarize recent progress in numerical simulations of cement/brine/CO2 interactions with respect to migration of CO2 outside of casing. Using typical values for the hydrologic properties of cement, caprock (shale), and reservoir materials, we show that the capillary properties of good-quality cement will prevent flow of CO2 into and through cement. Rather, CO2, if present, is likely to be confined to the casing/cement or cement/formation interface. CO2 does react with the cement by diffusion from the interface into the cement, in which case it produces distinct carbonation fronts within the cement. This is consistent with observations of cement performance at the CO2-enhanced-oil-recovery Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee (SACROC) unit in west Texas (Carey et al. 2007). For poor-quality cement, flow through cement may occur and would produce a pattern of uniform carbonation without reaction fronts. We also consider an alternative explanation for cement carbonation reactions as caused by CO2 derived from caprock. We show that carbonation reactions in cement are limited to surficial reactions when CO2 pressure is low (< 10 bar), as might be expected in many caprock environments. For the case of caprock overlying natural CO2 reservoirs for millions of years, we consider the Scherer and Huet (2009) hypothesis of diffusive steady state between CO2 in the reservoir and in the caprock. We find that, in this case, the aqueous CO2 concentration would differ little from that in the reservoir and would be expected to produce carbonation reaction fronts in cements that are relatively uniform as a function of depth.
A Probabilistic Collocation-Based Kalman Filter for History Matching
Authors: Zeng Lingzao , Chang Haibin , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: January 2011

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been used widely for data assimilation. Because the EnKF is a Monte Carlo-based method, a large ensemble size is required to reduce the sampling errors. In this study, a probabilistic collocation-based Kalman filter (PCKF) is developed to adjust the reservoir parameters to honor the production data. It combines the advantages of the EnKF for dynamic data assimilation and the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) for efficient uncertainty quantification. In this approach, all the system parameters and states and the production data are approximated by the PCE. The PCE coefficients are solved with the probabilistic collocation method (PCM). Collocation realizations are constructed by choosing collocation point sets in the random space. The simulation for each collocation realization is solved forward in time independently by means of an existing deterministic solver, as in the EnKF method. In the analysis step, the needed covariance is approximated by the PCE coefficients. In this study, a square-root filter is employed to update the PCE coefficients. After the analysis, new collocation realizations are constructed. With the parameter collocation realizations as the inputs and the state collocation realizations as initial conditions, respectively, the simulations are forwarded to the next analysis step. Synthetic 2D water/oil examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of the PCKF in history matching. The results are compared with those from the EnKF on the basis of the same analysis. It is shown that the estimations provided by the PCKF are comparable to those obtained from the EnKF. The biggest improvement of the PCKF comes from the leading PCE approximation, with which the computational burden of the PCKF can be greatly reduced by means of a smaller number of simulation runs, and the PCKF outperforms the EnKF for a similar computational effort. When the correlation ratio is much smaller, the PCKF still provides estimations with a better accuracy for a small computational effort.
A Comparative Study of the Probabilistic-Collocation and Experimental-Design Methods for Petroleum-Reservoir Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Li Heng , Sarma Pallav , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: January 2011

Reservoir modeling and simulation are subject to significant uncertainty, which usually arises from heterogeneity of the geological formation and deficiency of measured data. Uncertainty quantification, thus, plays an important role in reservoir simulation. In order to perform accurate uncertainty analysis, a large number of simulations are often required. However, it is usually prohibitive to do so because even a single simulation of practical large-scale simulation models may be quite time consuming. Therefore, efficient approaches for uncertainty quantification are a necessity. The experimental-design (ED) method is applied widely in the petroleum industry for assessing uncertainties in reservoir production and economic appraisal. However, a key disadvantage of this approach is that it does not take into account the full probability-density functions (PDFs) of the input random parameters consistently—that is, the full PDFs are not used for sampling and design but used only during post-processing, and there is an inherent assumption that the distributions of these parameters are uniform (during sampling), which is rarely the case in reality. In this paper, we propose an approach to deal with arbitrary input probability distributions using the probabilistic-collocation method (PCM). Orthogonal polynomials for arbitrary distributions are first constructed numerically, and then PCM is used for uncertainty propagation. As a result, PCM can be applied efficiently for any arbitrary numerical or analytical distribution of the input parameters. It can be shown that PCM provides optimal convergence rates for linear models, whereas no such guarantees are provided by ED. The approach is also applicable to discrete distributions. PCM and ED are compared on a few synthetic and realistic reservoir models. Different types of PDFs are considered for a number of reservoir parameters. Results indicate that, while the computational efforts are greatly reduced compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, PCM is able to accurately quantify uncertainty of various reservoir performance parameters. Results also reveal that PCM is more robust, more accurate, and more efficient than ED for uncertainty analysis.
Microsatellite, blood group and transferrin protein diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds
Authors: VÄRV S. , KANTANEN J. , VIINALASS H.
Published: January 2011

This study investigates genetic diversity within and among three Estonian dairy cattle breeds (Estonian Native, Estonian Red and Estonian Holstein). A total of 36 markers (25 microsatellites, 10 blood group systems and transferrin protein) were investigated and the within-breed diversity was quantified by expected heterozygosity, number of private alleles and mean allelic richness. The population structure was studied by computing the inbreeding coefficients, breed differentiation and relationships were investigated with random drift-based measures and a factorial correspondence analysis. In addition, a neighbour-joining tree was drawn summarising allele sharing distances for 195 individuals of the Estonian breeds, Western Finncattle, and Danish Jersey. The Estonian breeds displayed generally similar levels of within-population diversity. Depending on the set of markers used 6.2 or 4.3% of the total genetic variation can be explained by differences among the breeds. Construction of the tree for individuals revealed a distinctive pattern of grouping for Estonian Holstein, Estonian Red and Danish Jersey, but Estonian Native and Western Finncattle appeared on the same branches. This indicates that the gene pool of Estonian Native largely overlaps with that of Western Finncattle. However, our genetic marker analysis shows that the three Estonian breeds are genetically differentiated, suggesting that the current gene pool of Estonian dairy cattle is diverse.;
Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset
Authors: PELTONEN-SAINIO P. , JAUHIAINEN L.
Published: January 2011

The balance between applied and harvested nitrogen (yield removed nitrogen, YRN %) is a recognized indicator of the risk of N leaching. In this study we monitored the genetic improvements and environmental variability as well as differences among crop species (spring cereals and rapeseed) in YRN in order to characterize changes that have occurred and environmental constraints associated with reducing N leaching into the environment. MTT long-term multi-location field experiments for spring cereals (Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L.), turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.), and oilseed rape (B. napus L.) were conducted in 19882008, covering each crops main production regions. Yield (kg ha-1) was recorded and grain/seed nitrogen content (Ngrain, g kg-1) analyzed. Total yield N (Nyield, kg ha-1) was determined and YRN (%) was calculated as a ratio between applied and harvested N. A mixed model was used to separate genetic and environmental effects. Year and location had marked effects on YRN and Nyield. Average early and/or late season precipitation was often most advantageous for Nyield in cereals, while in dry seasons N uptake is likely restricted and in rainy seasons N leaching is often severe. Elevated temperatures during early and/or late growth phases had more consistent, negative impacts on YRN and/or Nyield for all crops, except oilseed rape. In addition to substantial variability caused by the environment, it was evident that genetic improvements in YRN have taken place. Hence, YRN can be improved by cultivar selection and through favouring crops with high YRN such as oat in crop rotations.;
Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses
Authors: HANSSON H. , FERGUSON R. , OLOFSSON C.
Published: January 2011

This paper addresses the development of farm businesses in Sweden, 20002007, with regard to their specialization in single farm enterprises, diversified agricultural production and diversification with new income-generating ventures. Furthermore, regression analysis is used to study the impact of farm characteristics on the observed specialization and diversification. The study is based a panel data set of about 900 farms participating in the Swedish Agricultural Economics Survey. Results show that farms are increasingly engaging in diversified activities, though in most firms these activities make only minor contributions to total revenue. Results also show that the degrees of specialization and diversification are influenced by characteristics of firms business structure, financial and demographic conditions. These results contribute to the understanding of farm business development, as well as show the need for policy makers and farm advisors to consider the differences between farms pursuing different development strategies in their efforts to influence behavior.;
Fragment o Svetozaru Stojanovicu
Authors: Indjic Trivo
Published: January 2011

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"Living in the shadow of apocalyptic roulette": Conversation with Svetozar Stojanovic
Authors: Nikitovic Aleksandar
Published: January 2011

Progress and invention of apocalyptic means have brought mankind to
radically new situation of possible self-destruction. Living in a shadow of
selfapocalypse rises new basic dilemmas and questions of understanding of
the sense of hu?man actions and poses as most important goal the sole
existence of humankind. Could ethics as we know it today and modern
political philosophy find the answer to challenges of ?apocalyptic roulette?
which humankind is facing today, or we need entirely new principles of
political organization, is crucial question to which we need to find the
proper answer.
A social-eco-democrat between ideals and reality
Authors: Djuric Jelena
Published: January 2011

The challenge of discovering what is generally important vis-?-vis human
being, through dealing with seemingly local topics, was the ideal of a late
Serbian philosopher, ethicist and social theorist Prof. Dr. Svetozar
Stojanovic, the ideal that he, by his own self-understanding, was
persistently explored. The rediscovery of his world-view initiated by his
recent passing, has a potential to arouse momentous thinking on the
principles of identity transformation.
Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages from Zlatar Mt. (SW Serbia)
Authors: Djeric Nevenka , Gerzina Natasa , Simic Dragan
Published: January 2011

Detailed micropalaeontological research of Jurassic siliceous rocks was
performed at the locality Komarani on the eastern flanks of the area of Mt.
Zlatar in SW Serbia. According to the determined radiolarian associations,
the investigated radiolarites are of Late Bajocian to Early Callovian age.
A prospective study of inversion polymorphism in natural populations of two Drosophila species from eastern Mexico
Authors: Salceda Victor
Published: January 2011

Relative frequencies for heterozygous inversions in nine populations of D.
nebulosa and six of D. willistoni were analyzed. The analysis corresponds to
a grand total of 1828 arm chromosomes in which their genotype were
determined, of them 404 correspond for each one of the two polymorphic
chromosomes, X and III, of D. nebulosa and 204 per chromosome arm in D.
willistoni. The more abundant inversions, according to their relative
frequencies in D. nebulosa were the XL inversion with 7.9 % and inversion ?A?
in the third chromosome with 15.6 %, the remaining inversion found did not
reach the ten percent. In the case of D. willistoni the more frequent
inversions were for the XL arm inversions ?A? and ?D? with 13.7 and 12.2
percent respectively the remaining five did not reach a ten percent; in the
XR arm the higher frequencies were for inversions ?D? and ?E? with 9.3 % each
been the other four inversions with values less than five percent; in the IIL
arm none of the seven inversions registered had values higher than six
percent; inversion ?E? in the IIR arm showed a frequency of 24.5 % and the
five remaining barely reached a frequency of 5 %; among the 12 different
inversions recorded in the third chromosome, only inversion ?B? surpassed the
ten percent in this case with 16.1 %. We must mention that the Standar
sequence in all cases, for both species, always had high frequencies as shown
in Tables II and III. The corresponding variability for this characteristic
is for D. nebulosa 61.4 %.and 72.2% for D.willitoni. Concerning other
parameter observed we have the average number of inversions per female in our
case for D. nebulosa was 1.4 and for D. willistoni 3.6 which indicate the
both species are marginal with respect to the distribution of this character
in both species since in the central areas of distribution reach values up to
nine inversions per female.
The cluster analysis of clones obtained from authochthonous cultivar Kreaca (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Rakonjac Vera , Todic Slavica , Beslic Zoran , Korac Nada , Markovic Nebojsa
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this paper was to characterize the clones obtained from
Kreaca, autochthonous grapevine cultivar of Banat. Based on examination of 6
important biological and technological properties, phenotypic and genetic
divergence of 28 selected clones was established. The divergence was
determined using ANOVA and hierarchical cluster analysis. Using variance
analysis, for grape weight, yield, total acid content, sugar content and
sugar/acid ratio very significant or significant differences were obtained
between clones. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order
to determine the difference between the groups. Two clone groups were
obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was
primarily cluster weight, although other properties were taken into account
as well. As the most perspective clones for further investigation and
production, that can be recommended, were clones 12/5/5, 56/11/7 and 69/11/7.
Effects of genotype and mechanical damage during harvest on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed quality
Authors: Karagic Djura , Katic Slobodan , Mikic Aleksandar , Vujakovic Milka , Milic Dragan , Vasiljevic Sanja , Milosevic Branko
Published: January 2011

Three field pea genotypes (NS Junior, Jezero and Javor) have been assessed
for effects of genotype and mechanical damage during harvest on most
important parameters of the physical quality of seed. Four harvest treatments
were examined (hand harvest, mechanized harvest at 500, 650 and 800 rpm).
After harvest, purity of harvested seed and percentages of seeds damaged by
insects, seeds with cracked seed coat and broken seeds were analyzed. Highest
contents of seeds with damaged seed coat (9.0%) and broken seeds (11.3%) were
found in Javor, the genotype with largest seeds. After seed processing, seed
vigor, germination, proportion of atypical seedlings and 1000-seed weight
were determined. Lowest values of seed vigor and germination (79.8% and
84.9%, respectively) and the largest proportion of atypical seedlings (11.4%)
were found in the genotype Javor. Highly significant correlations were found
between seed vigor, germination and atypical seedlings on one side and
1000-seed weight on the other (r=-0.53, r=-0.51, and r=0.60,
respectively). Damages that increase the portion of atypical seedlings have
the largest impact on the quality of pea seeds. This characteristic is
determined by the genotype, which should be kept in mind when defining
objectives of field pea breeding programs.
Effect of nitrogen and ecological factors on quality of winter triticale cultivars
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Boskovic Jelena , Milenkovic Slobodan
Published: January 2011

Field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons of (2004/05,
2005/06 and 2006/07) to investigate the effect of various nitrogen doses on
quality components of two winter triticale cultivars (Favorit and Trijumf).
Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in four doses: N1= 60 kg N ha-1, N2= 90 kg N
ha-1 and N3= 120 kg N ha-1. Analysis of sedimentation, gluten content, and
rheological flour and dough properties were done. The results showed that N
fertilization significantly increased investigated quality traits in both
cultivars. The highest sedimentation value and gluten content established
with application of 120 kg N ha-1. Triticale cultivars reacted positively to
nitrogen increasing, and its rheological flour and dough properties increased
with N increasing. Nevertheless, quality of investigated cultivars belonged
to C2 quality group. By the analysis of variance established high significant
differences in mean values of sedimentation, wet gluten content and water
absorption among the cultivars (A), years (B) and supplied nitrogen doses
(C). All interactions (AB, AC, BC and ABC) were significant for wet gluten
content, but for sedimentation only interaction, while of water absorption
was only significant interaction BC.
The plus-hybrid effect on the grain yield of two ZP maize hybrids
Authors: Bozinovic Sofija , Vancetovic Jelena , Babic Milosav , Filipovic Milomir , Delic Nenad
Published: January 2011

The combined effect of cytoplasmic male sterility and xenia on maize hybrid
traits is referred to as the plus-hybrid effect. Two studied ZP hybrids
differently responded to this effect for grain yield. All plus-hybrid
combinations of the firstly observed hybrid had a higher yield than their
fertile counterparts, but not significantly, while only one combination of
the second hybrid positively responded, also without statistical
significance. It seems that the observed effect mostly depended on the
genotype of the female component.
Importance of progeny testing in alfalfa breeding (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Milic Dragan , Katic Slobodan , Bocanski Jan , Karagic Djura , Mikic Aleksandar , Vasiljevic Sanja
Published: January 2011

The objective of this paper was to assess the importance and effectiveness of
progeny tests that can be used in alfalfa breeding for increased green forage
yields and shoot number per plant. A total of 35 alfalfa genotypes of
different geographic and genetic origins were analyzed. The results of the
study have shown that crossing full-sib or half-sib parents leads to a
significant increase in yield and shoot number per plant. Significant
inbreeding depression was observed in the S1 progenies of all the genotypes
involved. The choice of alfalfa parents must be based on progeny analysis.
Which particular method will be used will depend on the objective of the
breeding program.
Fruit characteristics in walnut tree population in relation to growing season onset
Authors: Miletic Rade , Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: January 2011

The objective of walnut selection is to obtain promising genotypes
characterized by later growing season onset, shorter period of vegetation,
resistance to diseases, stable fruit productivity and high fruit quality.
Aiming at obtaining genotypes with favorable properties, in five localities
of Eastern Serbia, where walnut is widely grown, we studied the correlation
among growing season onset on the one hand, and major pomological properties
and fruit quality on the other. In the studied population, trees with early
growing season onset and fruit mass up to 8.0 g (30.1%) were predominant,
whereas those with late growing season onset were in minority, fruit mass
ranging from 10.1 to 12 g (0.07%). Kernel ratio was highest in the former
(20.69%), and the lowest in the latter (0.07%). Similar was observed in oil
and raw proteins content in kernel which was highest in fruits of early trees
(33.62%, 47,55%), while it was remarkably lower in late ones (0.72%, 0.49%).
The obtained results suggest that the studied population was dominated by
early trees and unfavorable or less favorable fruit properties. In spite of
that, we evidenced some trees with favorable properties which can be used in
breeding as donors of useful genes.
Specificity of SSR loci for Melampsora species on poplars
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Orlovic Sasa , Pap Predrag , Kovacevic Branislav , Markovic Miroslav
Published: January 2011

Two rust fungi, Melampsora larici populina and Melampsora medusae are common
in all poplar growing regions worlwide. M. larici populina is native to
Eurasia, while M. medusae is endemic to eastern Unated States on Populus
deltoides. Poplar leaf rust (Melampsora sp.) is widely spread disease in our
country, and can cause significant growing problems. Race that prevails in
our growing region is M. Larici populina. This work initiated the research of
population composition, i.e. qualitative participation of Melampsora races in
popoluation of black poplars hybrid progenies using molecular methods. When
five SSR markers were used the results showed that M. larici populina was
found in three tested clones, while only M. medusae was determined in clone
I-214.
The variation of phytic and inorganic phosphorus in leaves and grain in maize populations
Authors: Dragicevic Vesna , Kovacevic Dragan , Sredojevic Slobodanka , Dumanovic Zoran , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: January 2011

The phytate function in plants is still not completely understood: it is the
primary storage P form in seeds that is utilized during germination and early
seedling development. Approaches to resolve problem of the bad nutritive
quality of grain phytate include engineering of crops with reduced levels of
seed phytic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate genetic
variability and correlation of phytic (Pphy) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi)
and soluble proteins among 28 maize populations, consisted into three groups:
low-, intermediate- and high-phytic populations, with the aim to determine
the potential of enhancing the P profile of maize plants and high grain yield
through selection. The highest genetic variability of Pi and Pphy content in
leaves was expressed in group with intermediate Pphy content in grain.
Meanwhile, leaves of low-phytic populations were characterized with low Pphy,
too (averagely 18%) and high content of soluble proteins (averagely 15%) in
relation to high- and intermediate-phytic populations. Additionally, the
lowest genetic variability of protein content was also noticeable in leaves
of low-phytic populations. Positive correlation between Pi and protein
content was observed in leaves of low- and high-phytic populations. The
negative correlation between Pphy and Pi was detected in maize grain, but
correlation was significant only in intermediate-phytic group. The highest,
but not significant, average yield was observed in group of low-phytic
populations, as well as its relative high genetic variability. That indicates
that development of high yielding genotypes with lower phytate in grain is
reasonable, and could be potentially useful in enhancing the sustainability
and decreasing of environmental impact in agricultural production.
The importance and implication of genetic resources in agriculture
Authors: Milosevic Mirjana , Miloradov Mirjana , Dragin Sasa , Stegic Milan
Published: January 2011

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is going through the
processes of conservation and restoration of disturbed ecosystems and
habitats, as well as the preservation and recovery of species. Genetic
diversity means the variety and total number of genes contained in plant and
animal species and microorganisms. Genetic diversity is the basic unit of
diversity, which is responsible for differences between individuals,
populations and species. Genetic diversity is very important for the
preservation of biodiversity and can be saved in several ways. Part of the
germplasm is maintained through breeding programs as they evaluate germplasm
stored and used as a source of needed diversity. The Convention on Biological
Diversity is one of the most important international agreements to protect
nature and conserve genetic resources. International treaties governing the
use of genetic resources for food and agriculture are a way to ensure the
conservation and sustainable use of plant resources for food and agriculture,
and to regulate the rights of farmers.
Hierarchical approach to diagnosis of electronic circuits using ANNs
Authors: Andrejevic-Stosovic Miona , Litovski Vanco
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we apply artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the diagnosis of
a mixed-mode electronic circuit. In order to tackle the circuit complexity
and to reduce the number of test points hierarchical approach to the
diagnosis generation was implemented with two levels of decision: the system
level and the circuit level. For every level, using the
simulation-before-test (SBT) approach, fault dictionary was created first,
containing data relating the fault code and the circuit response for a given
input signal. Also, hypercomputing was implemented, i.e. we used parallel
simulation of large number of replicas of the original circuit with faults
inserted to achieve fast creation of the fault dictionary. ANNs were used to
model the fault dictionaries. At the topmost level, the fault dictionary was
split into parts simplifying the implementation of the concept. During the
learning phase, the ANNs were considered as an approximation algorithm to
capture the mapping enclosed within the fault dictionary. Later on, in the
diagnostic phase, the ANNs were used as an algorithm for searching the fault
dictionary. A voting system was created at the topmost level in order to
distinguish which ANN output is to be accepted as the final diagnostic
statement. The approach was tested on an example of an analog-to-digital
converter.
Bourdieu and social movements theories: Some preliminary remarks on a possible conceptual cross-fertilization in the context of (post-)Yugoslav anti-war and peace activism
Authors: Bilic Bojan
Published: January 2011

This paper puts forth and calls for further unpacking of a potentially
fruitful conceptual cross-fertilization between various social movements
theories and Bourdieu?s sociology of practice. Following some of my most
important predecessors, I argue that this theoretical hybridization could
accommodate many threads of social movements research that otherwise would
not cohere into a rounded theory. Bourdieu?s powerful conceptual armoury is
both parsimonious and flexible and seems particularly well-suited to address
the problematic issues pertaining to agency and structure in the field of
social movements. In the second section of the paper, I call for an
exploration of Yugoslav anti-war and pacifist activism immediately before
and during the wars of Yugoslav succession. I perceive a number of
politically and organizationally heterogeneous initiatives, taking place
throughout the demised country, as a case that can be used to empirically
test the proposed theoretical considerations. Yugoslav anti-war and pacifist
activism has yet to receive the sociological attention that it deserves. It
is a complex social phenomenon calling for a sophisticated and systematic
examination which should position it between its antecedents - the embryonic
forms of extra-institutional engagement during Yugoslav communism - and its
divergent posterity, mostly circumscribed within the national fields of
non-governmental organizations.
Dijkstra's interpretation of the approach to solving a problem of program correctness
Authors: Markoski Branko , Hotomski Petar , Malbaski Dusan , Obradovic Danilo
Published: January 2011

Proving the program correctness and designing the correct programs are two
connected theoretical problems, which are of great practical importance. The
first is solved within program analysis, and the second one in program
synthesis, although intertwining of these two processes is often due to
connection between the analysis and synthesis of programs. Nevertheless,
having in mind the automated methods of proving correctness and methods of
automatic program synthesis, the difference is easy to tell. This paper
presents denotative interpretation of programming calculation explaining
semantics by formulae ? and ?, in such a way that they can be used for
defining state sets for program P.
A note on multi-criteria inventory classification using weighted linear optimization
Authors: Rezaei Jafar
Published: January 2011

Recently, Ramanathan (R., Ramanathan, ABC inventory classification with
multiple-criteria using weighted linear optimization, Computer and Operations
Research, 33(3) (2006) 695-700) introduced a simple DEA-like model to
classify inventory items on the basis of multiple criteria. However, the
classification results produced by Ramanathan are not consistent with the
domination concept encouraged some researchers to extend his model. In this
paper, we produce the correct results and compare them to the original
results and those of the extended models. We also improve this model to rank
items with an optimal score of 1 using a cross-efficiency technique. The
classification results are considerably different from the original results.
Despite the fact that the correct results are obtained in this paper, there
is no significant difference between the original model and its extensions,
while the original model is more simple and suitable for the situations in
which decision-maker cannot assign specific weights to individual criteria.
Frequency of lactase persistence genotype in a healthy Polish population
Authors: Płoszaj Tomasz , Jędrychowska-Dańska Krystyna , Witas Henryk
Published: January 2011

The majority of mammals are unable to digest lactose due to post-weaning deactivation of the LCT gene, which is responsible for encoding the enzyme lactase (i.e., adult-type hypolactasia). A substitution of C with T at position −13910 bp upstream of the LCT gene has been linked to the lactase persistence phenotype in European populations. We investigated the frequency of LCT-13910C>T polymorphism in 223 blood donors from central Poland. All samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The LCT-13910 T allele (lactase persistence) was present in 51% of individuals sampled from the Polish population. We did not find any non-European variants associated with lactase persistence (LCT-13907C>G, LCT-13913T>C, LCT-13915T>G), or any new polymorphisms within the sequenced region. Allele frequencies obtained are in agreement with results from other countries and confirm the unique pattern of distribution of the LCT-13910C>T genotype in Europe.
Soaring Above the Clouds, Delving the Ocean’s Depths
Authors: Lee Carol D.
Published: January 2011

This article was originally the presidential address for the 2010 annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. It offers three orienting ideas drawn from across human development, neuroscience, cognition, and cultural psychology, as well as studies of biological systems: (1) the intertwining of culture and biology in human development, (2) adaptation through multiple pathways, and (3) interdependence across levels of context. The author argues that these orienting ideas provide warrants for a dynamic view of human learning and development, rooted in both human biology and culture. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Nosocomial Infections As A Preventable Burden For Health Care Delivery
Authors: Saha JC
Published: January 2011

DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6803Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):1-2