bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Años de vida saludable perdidos por la población de Medellín. Un análisis especial por homicidio y accidentes de vehículo motor
Authors: Londoño Juan Luis , Grisales Hugo , Grisales Hugo
Published: July 2024

La Ley 100 de 1993 creó un marco normativo en busca de consolidar un mercado del aseguramiento de los riesgos de salud. En ese contexto, las Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS) pueden afiliar y recaudar las cotizaciones de las personas que, de acuerdo con la Ley deben asegurarse para la protección de su salud en el régimen contributivo o administrar los recursos que el sistema destina para el aseguramiento de quienes tienen derecho de hacerlo en el régimen Subsidiado. En este artículo se analiza comparativamente cual ha sido la participación de cada una de las EPS en el mercado del aseguramiento en salud,en el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 1998.La información analizada fue tomada del estudio Impacto de la reforma de la seguridad social sobre la organización institucional y la prestación de los servicios de salud en Colombia, realizado por un grupo de profesores de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Antioquia.El análisis se hizo separadamente para el Régimen Contributivo y el Régimen Subsidiado.Para realizar las comparaciones se utilizan medidas de frecuencia absoluta y proporciones.Los resultados permiten concluir que hay una tendencia a que las EPS de naturaleza privada se consoliden en el mercado del aseguramiento de los riesgos de salud en el país.Así, en Junio de 1998 congregaban el 29,7% de los afiliados al régimen contributivo y el 25,7% de los afiliados al régimen subsidiado,mientras que las EPS públicas tienen serios problemas que les está llevando a registrar perdidas paulatinas de participación en ese mercado.
Ausentismo laboral por causa medica y no medica en la Gerencia complejo Barrancabermeja de control 1995-1997
Authors: Grisales Alba Colombia , Muñoz Alba Lux , Tangarife Carlos Alberto , Bernal Marcela , Torres Mercedes , Calderon Pedro Orlando
Published: July 2024

El estudio describe la magnitud, frecuencia, tendencia y causas del ausentismo laboral de los trabajadores con contrato  a termino indefinido en la Empresa Colombiana de Pétroleos, Gerencia Complejo Barrancabermeja (GCB) durante el periodo de 1995 a 1997, con el fin de establecer programas de intervención y control.
Sobre la propuesta gubernamental de reforma al sistema pensional en Colombia
Authors: López Castaño Hugo
Published: July 2024

La organización financiera del seguro invalidez, vejez y muerte se definió, desde sus orígenes, como una combinación de los sistemas de prima media escalonada y de capitales de cobertura. Para ello se previeron tasas de cotización reajustables quinquenalmente, suficientes para conformar reservas equivalentes al valor de las pensiones que se fueran causando.
Género y salud: articulación necesaria, desafío inaplazable
Authors: Estrada M John Harold
Published: July 2024

Se presenta en este artículo la perspectiva de género para el análisis de la situación de la salud, así como la necesaria articulación de las categorías género y salud para entender los diferenciales de la salud de la mujer respecto del varón. Se plantea la inminencia de utilizar indicadores de salud con perspectiva de género, entendidos como la construcción teórica que, aplicada a unidades de análisis de una población, arroja una cifra, absoluta o relativa, que refleja diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en relación con la salud, atribuidas, fundamentalmente, a características o variables socioculturales. Al estudiar la información epidemiológica de morbilidad y mortalidad disponible para hombres y mujeres, se encuentra que esta enmascara una gran parte de los problemas de mayor prevalencia e incidencia en ambos sexos, como por ejemplo, que las mujeres están expuestas a condiciones extremas de privación de recursos para desempeñar su doble o triple jornada diaria en muchas sociedades y que los hombres expresan una sobremortalidad por accidentes y violencia visible a lo largo de toda la vida, que está asociada estrechamente con actitudes y conductas estereotipadamente masculinas, tales como agresividad, intrepidez, osadía e ingestión excesiva de alcohol. Se recomienda prestar atención específica a aquellos procesos que subyacen a la mala salud de hombres y mujeres que trascienden el individualismo biomédico y a estudiar las fuerzas sociales e históricas que generan desventajas en el disfrute de la salud por razones de género, pasando del ámbito individual al ámbito colectivo.
El agua, recurso estratégico del siglo XXI
Authors: Agudelo C Ruth Marina
Published: July 2024

La disponibilidad de agua dulce en todo el mundo es crítica y cada día es más compleja, debido a factores como la contaminación del recurso hídrico, la manipulación económica y la fuente de poder que representa para quien la posee. La creciente demanda de agua para la agricultura, la industria y el consumo doméstico han creado competencias que se reflejarán en unos 15 años debido al crecimiento demográfico y a la falta de planificación, educación y conciencia para el manejo y uso adecuado del agua, lo que genera consecuencias como acidez de los suelos, enormes cantidades de sedimentos en ríos y lagos, enfermedades gastrointestinales derivadas de su consumo y aumento de abortos y malformaciones genéticas por la presencia de metales pesados en aguas. La desmedida ambición que ciertos grupos económicos tienen  por aumentar la explotación, control y administración de recursos como el petróleo, el gas natural y el agua dulce hacen que el agua sea un recurso estratégico para el siglo XXI, ya que este es un elemento esencial, único e insustituible para la supervivencia de la humanidad. Con este ensayo crítico se busca reflexionar sobre la problemática social, política y económica del agua dulce que actualmente se vislumbra para un futuro próximo.
Mortalidad por diabetes mellitus, Medellín, 1987-1998
Authors: Montoya Yanett Marcela , Grisales R Hugo , Sepúlveda D Hernán
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: caracterizar la población fallecida por diabetes mellitus en la ciudad de Medellín Colombia, entre 1987 y 1998, con el fin de contribuir a la disponibilidad de información epidemiológica que permita determinar los efectos que pueden surgir de la enfermedad en el contexto de la ciudad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo que tomó como fuente de información la base de datos de defunciones proporcionada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Resultados: la tasa mediana de mortalidad fue de 18,2 por cada cien mil habitantes, que resultó mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres (21,2 y 15,8 respectivamente). La causa básica predominante fue la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (11,9 por cada cien mil), seguida de la no especificada y la de tipo 1. Las principales complicaciones fueron el coma y la cetoacidosis, con tasas de 1,6 y 1,5 por cada cien mil. La mediana de los años potenciales de vida perdidos fue de 11 por persona fallecida, con variaciones importantes cuando se tuvo en cuenta la edad y el tipo de diabetes. Un análisis temporal indica un aumento de las defunciones durante los cinco años siguientes al estudio. Conclusiones: con este estudio se contribuye a la disposición de información que permita respaldar las decisiones orientadas al control de esta enfermedad crónica que afecta múltiples órganos y sistemas del organismo y que provoca largas incapacidades, discapacidades y muerte prematura.
Evaluación de la prevención de la enfermedad y la promoción de la salud: factores que deben considerarse
Authors: Goméz A Rubén , González Edwin
Published: July 2024

La literatura abunda en publicaciones que pretenden evaluar la promoción de la salud (PS) y la prevención de la enfermedad (PE), pero solo pocas de ellas se han tomado la molestia de precisar qué es lo que realmente evalúan. La falta de coherencia en los criterios del evaluador puede contribuir más a la subutilización y al desprestigio de ambas estrategias que a su aplicación exitosa. Este documento pretende facilitar a los evaluadores la adopción de criterios para evaluar la PS y la PE. Para ello se ha estructurado en tres secciones: la primera diferencia las nociones de PE y PS, estableciendo los rasgos esenciales de cada una de ellas, sus diferencias y estrechas relaciones; la segunda destaca algunos criterios que pudieran ser útiles para el diseño de sistemas de evaluación de la PE y la PS; al final se presenta un cuadro con algunos aspectos de la PE y la PS susceptibles de servir como indicadores para sistemas de evaluación.
Intervenciones comunitarias para la promoción de hábitos alimentarios saludables: resultados de una revisión sistemática
Authors: Forero Amanda , Goméz Luis Fernando , Espinosa Gladys , Cabrera Gustavo , Gómez Olga Lucia
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: identificar elementos tecnicos de intervenciones comunitarias en hábitos alimentarios, susceptibles de ser implementados en el contexto de ciudades latinoamericanas.  Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados desde 1990, enfatizando en la descripción del proceso y la evaluación de la efectividad de las intervenciones. Resultados: de 25 experiencias revisadas, 23 abordaron exclusivamente intervenciones en hábitos alimentarios y las 3 restantes las combinaron con actividad física. Las teorías y modelos de comportamiento utilizadas para fundamentarlas fueron: teoría de las influencias sociales (7), teoría cognitiva social (6), modelo transtéorico (1), la combinación de la  teoría cognitiva social y modelo transtéorico (3) y otras aproximaciones teóricas (3); cinco no determinaron la teoría del modelo. Conclusiones: las intervenciones que lograron obtener un mayor efecto contaban con enfoque integral, definición clara de objetivos, caracterización adecuada del problema y participación de la comunidad en el diseño y definición de una etapa de mantenimiento. Se destaca la importancia de validar intervenciones en el contexto de los países latinoamericanos.
Los laboratorios de salud pública en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, Colombia, 2000. Estudio de caso
Authors: López Yolanda Lucía , González Marta Claudia , Escobar José Pablo , Chávez Blanca Myriam
Published: July 2024

Para analizar la importancia de los laboratorios de salud pública (LSP) y laboratorios nacionales de referencia (LNR) en el país, según el apoyo que ofrecen a las actividades de vigilancia de la salud pública en los entes territoriales en el marco del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSS),se realizó un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y método de estudios de caso, acorde con la metodología de Yin y Miles and Huberman. El estudio incluyó el análisis de dos LNR, cuatro LSP departamentales (LSPD),dos LSP distritales y un LSP municipal, siete años después de la promulgación de la Ley 100 de 1993 y dos años después de haberse expedido la reglamentación sobre los LSP en Colombia.Los resultados destacan que el SGSSS no propició un adecuado funcionamiento de la red nacional de laboratorios de salud pública (RNL); el desarrollo de estos ha estado sujeto principalmente al interés de algunos funcionarios de los entes territoriales y no como respuesta a una política nacional; ha habido además una concentración de los recursos en los LNR y desprotección de los LSP en los entes territoriales. La sostenibilidad y el desarrollo futuro se encuentran amenazados por las políticas de ajuste fiscal, por los vacíos e incoherencia de la normatividad vigente y por la necesidad de mercadear sus servicios para evitar el cierre definitivo de varios de estos. Se plantea para el SGSSS el desafío de establecer una política que garantice la sostenibilidad económica y técnica de la red de laboratorios en los diferentes niveles territoriales.
Comentario sobre el libro El malestar en la globalización de Joseph E. Stiglistz
Authors: Restrepo Helena E
Published: July 2024

El libro de Stiglistz sobre la globalización ha sido muy comentado en estos últimos meses. Economistas, periodistas y comentaristas interesados en la situación actual de los países llamados “en desarrollo” han escrito diversos artículos y crónicas en que resaltan la importancia de esta obra para comprender fenómenos económicos como el que actualmente afecta a argentina y a otros países del tercer mundo en América Latina y en otros continentes. Para los dedicados a la salud pública, este libro también debería ser objeto de interés especial y de lectura obligatoria en la promoción de la salud como la concebimos hoy.
Creencias en salud: historia, constructos y aportes del modelo
Authors: Cabrera A Gustavo , Tascón G Jorge , Lucumí C Diego
Published: July 2024

En contextos académicos y profesionales se requieren sólidas bases teóricas y conceptuales para la intervención   de la realidad, sea mediante la investigación o acciones programáticas planeadas. En un esfuerzo por explicar el fracaso masivo de participación de las personas en programas para prevenir o detectar enfermedades, un grupo de psicólogos sociales del servicio de salud pública de los Estados unidos de América desarrolló en la década del 50 un modelo psicosocial para explicar comportamientos relacionados con la salud: el modelo de creencias en la salud. Ha sido el más sistémicamente usado y citado para explicar acciones de prevención de enfermedades, respuestas a síntomas y enfermedades así como otros diversos patrones comportamentales con efectos en salud. El artículo presenta argumentos sobre el uso de bases teóricas y modelos, así como la historia, componentes y usos del modelo de creencias, con énfasis en sus aportes en investigación e intervención comportamental para prevención de la enfermedad y la protección y promoción de la salud.
Violencia en Colombia: reflexiones de una profesora visitante
Authors: Wallerstein Nina
Published: July 2024

Como profesora de salud pública en Estados Unidos y habiendo tenido la oportunidad de estar en Santafé de Bogotá por un período corto de tiempo, la autora presenta su perspectiva de la violencia en Colombia como asunto que atañe a la salud pública. Aunque no intenta sentar conclusiones, este artículo presenta la gran complejidad de la violencia, desde verlo como epidemia, hasta sus orígenes socioeconómicos y políticos, y sus devastadoras consecuencias psicológicas, sociales y de amenaza a la vida desde hace varias generaciones. Este artículo es tanto una narración de experiencias con académicos, gente de las comunidades, familiares, activistas y profesionales, como también un intento académico por mostrar que la violencia no es caótica e indescifrable sino que tiene raíces sistemáticas y, por ende, oportunidades sistemáticas de mejoramiento. Esperemos que Colombia salga adelante gracias al trabajo de profesionales dedicados al desarrollo de los esfuerzos de la comunidad; gracias a las negociaciones políticas, que aún son débiles; y gracias a las manifestaciones populares por la paz.
Methods for Selecting Linguistic Variables in the Fuzzy Traffi c Light Control System
Authors: Penayev G. M. , Hydyrov R. B.
Published: July 2024

To increase the capacity of the intersection and simultaneously reduce the travel time of the vehicle, optimization of traffic light control is necessary. The existing traffic light control systems cannot control dynamic systems in which several factors influence the decision-making process. The determination of factors (output variables) and the fuzzification process are the main problem of the fuzzy logic algorithm, and the quality of the compilation of the term set of input linguisticvariables and the definition of the function of belonging affect the optimal control of the light signals. The article provides an analytical overview of the ways of using linguistic variables for fuzzy inference systems when controlling traffic light signals. The subject of the article is the input linguistic variables for decision-making in a fuzzy management model. The analysis of modern research is presented and the main input linguistic variables are described. In the first section of the work, the general principle of building a rule base for fuzzy inference systems based on the Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno methods is considered. The following sections are devoted to the peculiarities of such output linguistic variables that affect the operation of a fuzzy traffic light, such as: the number of vehicles, the current time of the green signal, road users (pedestrians), weather conditions and the number of lanes (width) of intersected roads. Accounting for these variables, their fuzzification and the formation of an appropriate rule base for the design of fuzzy systems is a very difficult task. In this regard, one of the key problems is precisely the problem of choosing the necessary input parameters depending on the type of intersection.A review of the literature has shown that the research of the fuzzy controller in traffic management is still at the initial stage of development. Many of the unresolved issues raised in ozor can be addressed in further research
Robust Positioning of Unmanned Vehicles with the Application of Satellite Measurements and Digital Path Model Data
Authors: Sokolov S. V. , Okhotnikov A. L.
Published: July 2024

A new approach to the processing of satellite navigation measurements for the stable positioning of unmanned vehicles moving along program trajectories under conditions of interference is proposed. Modern methods of processing noisy satellite measurements mainly use various modifications of the least squares method, providing stability and the required positioning accuracy, as a rule, for stationary objects. At the same time, application of stochastic filtration theory methods that take into account both the dynamics of the object’s movement, and the presence of object disturbances and measurement noise are the most effective methods to assess the state of highly dynamic unmanned vehicles operating under conditions of uncertain disturbances. In this regard, the proposed approach to the positioning of unmanned vehicles is based on the application of nonlinear stochastic filtering methods, in particular, the robust nonlinear filtration method considered in the article that ensures the stability of the positioning process. At the same time, it is proposed to use digital path model to increase the accuracy of positioning an unmanned vehicle. This model is formed on the basis of high-precision geodetic measurements and providing the ability of approximation with the required accuracy of the program trajectory of the unmanned vehicle by a set of orthodromic trajectory intervals, which have an analytical relationship of the spatial coordinates of the object. This, in turn, ensures high positioning accuracy and a sharp reduction in computing costs. In general, the fusion of digital path model information and robust stochastic filtering algorithms for processing noisy satellite measurements has ensured both the stability of the process of estimating the current coordinates of an unmanned vehicle and a sharp reduction in computational costs compared with known methods of processing satellite measurement. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by a numerical example.
Slika Izgradnja (1919.) Ljube Babića kao paradigma modernističke tematike nove urbanizacije
Authors: Rončević Elezović Ivana
Published: July 2024

Rad analizira primjer slike Izgradnja Ljube Babića iz 1919. godine u usporedbi s njezinim sižejnim i djelomično oblikovnim podudarnostima sa slikom Umberta Boccionija La Città (che) sale, 1910–11. Kompozicijsku i tematsku podudarnost pojedinih Babićevih radova s predlošcima suvremenog europskog slikarstva već su ranije primijetili drugi autori (primjerice, serija slika s motivima zastava) te ona nipošto ne znači sustavno usvajanje ideologije futurizma. Promatraju se hibridne transformacije velike teme moderne – grada u izgradnji, kao simbola energije, snage i vjere u napredak novoga doba.
An unknown situs viscerum inversus totalis, accidentally discovered after computed tomography
Authors: Montatore Manuela , Balbino Marina , Masino Federica , Ruggiero Tupputi , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Benign situs inversus totalis of the viscerum is often diagnosed accidentally, rarely in adults, and more frequently in children and neonates, affecting both sexes. In this report, a young female patient accidentally discovered a situs inversus totalis after computed tomography for acute abdominal pain. In this uncommon anatomical abnormality, the major visceral organs are reversed in the opposite direction. This report highlights the importance of being aware of and considering situs inversus in clinical practice, particularly when interpreting imaging findings and planning medical procedures. This is critical for differential diagnosis and comorbidities that may affect those patients.
The cause of situs inversus totalis is still unknown; however, this condition is frequently asymptomatic, particularly in infants, and is sometimes associated with other syndromes. The patient arrived at the emergency department with left flank pain, nausea, and fever. In the first ultrasonography, a strange anatomy was suspected; thus, a contrasted computed tomography was performed. The patient had never had a computed tomography scan before. The identification of situs inversus totalis was unexpected and coincidental; the computed tomography images were carefully examined. In patients with chest or abdominal pain, clinicians may consider situs inversus totalis based on computed tomography, particularly if without clinical and imaging history. This knowledge can help in the differential diagnosis, avoiding unneeded interventions. Moreover, comorbidities that affect several systems, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, affect quite a few patients with situs inversus totalis, who require careful examination and lifelong monitoring.
Deaths of Despair in Black and White
Authors: Aspholm Roberto R. , Aguilar Nathan , St. Vil Christopher
Published: July 2024

This article argues that elevated levels of gun homicide and gun suicide among younger black men and middle-aged white men, respectively, are the consequences of a political economy that produces widespread despair among the most vulnerable segments of the laboring classes. Understood in this way, these phenomena share a common etiology whose roots can be traced to two major, temporally distinct developments: (1) postwar shifts in the political economy that redefined central cities as sites of black dislocation, and (2) the more recent intensification of globalization and investor class power that has redefined smaller cities, towns, and rural communities as sites of white dislocation. These transformations have rendered working-class blacks and whites (and others) vulnerable to a wide range of maladies and adverse social outcomes, including involvement in gun violence. In addition to examining these political-economic transformations and their effects on black and white working-class communities, this article also explores the divergent racialized manifestations of gun violence within these demographic groups. While micro and mezzo interventions are typically stressed to respond to these issues, their ultimate resolution requires recognition of their common roots in conditions of structurally imposed despair and the concomitant remedy of those conditions at the macro level
BEFORE & AFTER: THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CANCER PATIENTS IN PALLIATIVE CARE CENTER
Authors: Irmak Kaya Zeynep , Beypınar İsmail , Ürün Muslih
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE: In addition to the high risk of death from COVID-19 infection in cancer patients, delays in cancer diagnosis may result in delayed treatment of cancer patients. The study aimed to evaluate the changes in the characteristics of cancer patients, such as diagnosis, stage and prognosis, between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic one-year periods in Turkey.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of patients who received palliative treatment in the palliative service between March 11, 2019 and March 11, 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Age, gender, diagnosis, type of diagnosis, type of treatment, place of arrival to the palliative service, and way of discharge were retrospectively scanned from patient files. The first hospitalizations were evaluated in patients with recurrent hospitalizations. Patients with inadequate patient records were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: The proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer radiologically has increased. While radiological findings of cancer were detected in 9.1 percent of patients in the pre-pandemic period, this rate was 16.2 percent in the post-pandemic period. When the patients were evaluated in terms of the oncological treatment they received before inpatient palliative care, a significant difference was found (p=0.002). This difference was due to the increase in the proportion of patients who were not suitable for oncological treatment after the pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the pandemic had great effects on newly diagnosed patients and patients in need of palliative care services. In the present study, we observed an increase in cancer patients who were radiologically diagnosed with cancer and treated in palliative care services in the post-pandemic period.
Analysis of the macrokinetics of CO2 sorption on a 10% NaNO3/MgO sorbent and modeling of an adsorber with a hydrogen productivity of 10 kg/h
Authors: Shigarov A. B. , Nikulina I. E. , Pakharukova V. P. , Potemkin D. I.
Published: July 2024

The work proposed a macrokinetic model of first-order CO2 sorption on a 10 mol.% NaNO3/MgO sorbent. Based on the analysis of experimental gravimetric data, the maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent 10 mol.% NaNO3/MgO was determined, which does not depend on the partial pressure of CO2 and at 320 °C is 159% (based on the initial mass of the sample), or 13.4 mmol CO2/ gsorb. The calculated value of the sorption constant kads at temperatures of 280-320 °C and a partial pressure of CO2 of 0.50-0.75 atm is 0.017 min-1 atm-1. Based on the obtained kinetics, a simulation of an adiabatic and isothermal CO2 adsorber was made within the framework of a technological scheme for producing hydrogen 10 kg/h from natural gas at an operating pressure of 12 atm. During the calculations, it was shown that for the effective functioning of the adsorber, intensive removal of the heat released during the sorption process is necessary. This allows CO2 sorption to be carried out for 30 minutes at a temperature of 300 °C and a volumetric flow rate GHSV = 1170 h-1, while the concentration of CO2 at the outlet in dry gas does not exceed 1.5 mol.%.
What Causes Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood? : A Sytematic Review
Authors: Ichsan Nadhila Annifa , Ihkamuddin Miqdad , Ni’matuzahroh
Published: July 2024

Emerging adulthood is the transition phase from adolescence to adulthood, starting from the age of 18-29 years. At this age, many individuals experience anxiety caused by past experiences. Existing anxiety can affect an individual's mood, thoughts and behavior. This systematic review examines 14 international journals selected from the Scopus database regarding factors causing anxiety in emerging adulthood. If individuals in this phase know the factors that influence anxiety, they can take preventive action to avoid anxiety occurring in themselves. The results found that factors causing anxiety in emerging adulthood include: self-esteem, parenting patterns and bad experiences as children. These findings provide recommendations for conducting further and specific systematic review research and are expected to be a consideration for preventive actions before and during the emerging adulthood phase.
The Driving of Participatory and Achievement-Focused Integration Process as A Solution to Grassroots Economy in The COVID 19-Era Using Management of Knowledge and Research to Benefit Community and Society: A Case Study of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Authors: Chairueang Nopparat
Published: July 2024

The drive for Participatory and Achievement-focused integration process as a Solution to Grassroots Economy in the COVID 19-Era aims to manage the participatory and achievement-driven integration, coordinate the integration, participatory, and productive efforts of government agencies, the private sector, civil society and communities in solving problems and developing the Grassroots Economy. The target groups include farmers and entrepreneurs in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The tools used in the research were questionnaires, visit forms, interview forms and an evaluation form for knowledge management and research for community and social use. The results of the project were found that: 1. The driving of Participatory and Achievement-focused integration process as a Solution to Grassroots Economy in the COVID 19-Era using Management of Knowledge and Research to benefit community and society consisted of 5 major stages, divided into sub-stages as follows: Action Plan Stage: (Planning); with 6 sub-stages, Action Stage: (Doing); with 2 sub-stages, Action Project Monitoring and Evaluation (Checking) with of 2 sub-stages, Improvement and Development Stage: (Acting); with 2 sub-stages, and Action Reflection Stage: (Reflection); by the meeting of researcher, publishing and disseminating academic articles in national journals. 2. The results of promoting and coordinating the integration of government agencies, the private sector, civil society and communities found that all departments cooperated and demonstrated readiness to promote and support the project, including partaking in monitoring and extending the results of every project. 3. The results of monitoring and evaluation of the project implementation suggested that 1) every sub-project had its objectives lined in consistency with the policy of Thailand’s Ministry of Agriculture, 2) increase income for farmers and communities, 3) farmers, entrepreneurs and communities express a high level of satisfaction with the project implementation, 4) the project helps build a career, generate income, and so a better quality of life, 5) Create participation and integration of agencies in the development of Grassroots Economy and solve problems for those affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.
An Insight of Village Community Banks as the Tool of Forest Resource Conservation: A Case of Selected Villages Adjacent Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve.
Authors: Deodatus Rwekaza Godlove
Published: July 2024

Village Community Bank (VICOBA) is established with the intention of eradicating extreme poverty and enhancing economic and social development. However, it is clear that poor societies in rural areas depend more on forest resources as a source of energy which results in the depletion of resources. Having well-coordinated and operating VICOBA in the community; improves their livelihood and shifts from depending on natural resources like forest. This study assessed the contribution of VICOBA to forest resource conservation. The study used a cross-sectional design whereby a multistage sampling technique and Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) were used to get a sample of 230 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that over 75.7% of  VICOBA members agree that economic activities as the results of the VICOBA program aided in reducing much dependence on forest products like wood and charcoal consumption and affords alternative sources of energy like electricity, gas, and solar energy while only 24.3% of respondents disagree.  On the other hand, 76.5% of respondents agreed that the VICOBA program helped them in increasing individual income. Finally, this study recommends that alternative sources of income-generating activities should be promoted especially in the communities adjacent to forest resources in order to reduce dependence on forest resources for economic purposes.
60 let pozneje – pomen analize govorjenega diskurza
Authors: Smolej Mojca
Published: July 2024

V prispevku je podan kratek pregled začetkov raziskav spontano govorjenega jezika na Slovenskem. Pred slabimi 60 leti je enega prvih prispevkov objavila Breda Pogorelec. Izhajajoč iz začetkov preučevanja govorjenega diskurza, so v prispevku podani tudi nekateri premisleki, zakaj je nujno, da se s preučevanjem nadaljuje in nadgrajuje predhodne raziskave. Podani so s stališča opisne slovnice tako govorjenega kot pisnega (knjižnega) jezika. Razumevanje zakonitosti govorjenega jezika lahko namreč pomaga pri razumevanju in reševanju nekaterih nejasnih ali pomanjkljivo opredeljenih slovničnih opisov (predpisov) knjižnega jezika. Nezadostno opredeljene ali opisane slovnične zakonitosti knjižnega jezika lahko posledično povzročajo tako stisko na ravni poučevanja slovenščine kot prvega in drugega/tujega jezika, prav tako pa tudi na ravni rabe jezika pri splošnih govorcih (torej nejezikoslovcih).
Mi i naši, oni i njihovi u politici: osobne deikse u govorima hrvatskih saborskih zastupnika
Authors: Blagus Bartolec Goranka
Published: July 2024

Kao upućivačke jedinice deikse su sastavnica jezične strukture koje sudionicima komunikacijskoga događaja omogućuju da se postave prema okolnostima iskaza (osobe, društvo, prostor, vrijeme, diskurs). U radu se analizira upotreba zamjenica mi i naši, oni i njihovi kao osobnih (personalnih) deiksa u govoru hrvatskih saborskih zastupnika prema potvrdama iz korpusa ParlaMint-HR 2.0 (Croatian parliament) 2016–2020 dostupnom na korpusnoj platformi (No)Sketch Engine. Političar kao pojedinac u političkim govorima najčešće govori u prvom licu množine te se persuazivnost i intencionalnost njegove političke argumentacije u načelu temelji na stavovima društvene skupine koju predstavlja ili kojoj se ideološki priklanja. Cilj je rada opisati sintaktička i značenjska obilježja osobnih deiksa u govoru saborskih zastupnika s obzirom na referente na koje upućuju te utvrditi koliko se upotreba osobnih deiksa temelji na prototipnoj slici nas i njih kao polariziranih strana, a u kojoj su mjeri mi/naši i oni/njihovi ravnopravni, odnosno mi se postavlja kao subjekt koji štiti ili je na strani referenata obuhvaćenih deiksom oni.
Govor in govorna komunikacija v učnih načrtih za osnovno šolo in gimnazijo ter v katalogih znanj
Authors: Pulko Simona , Zemljak Jontes Melita
Published: July 2024

Govor je ključna človekova dejavnost, ki omogoča sporazumevanje z okolico. Za otrokov razvoj je pomembno, da že od rojstva dobi priložnosti za učenje sporazumevanja ob ustrezni podpori in zgledu. Govor ima individualno vlogo pri razvoju posameznika in družbeno vlogo pri sporazumevanju z drugimi. Eden temeljnih namenov jezikovnega pouka je razvijanje sporazumevalne zmožnosti v slovenskem (knjižnem) jeziku, tj. praktično in ustvarjalno obvladovanje vseh sporazumevalnih dejavnosti (tudi govora) in jezikovnosistemskih osnov. Z vidika prisotnosti poučevanja govora, strategij poučevanja in s poudarki na razvijanju govornih sposobnosti so analizirani učni načrti za slovenščino za osnovno šolo iz let 2011 in 2018 ter učni načrt za slovenščino za gimnazije iz leta 2008 ter katalogi znanja za slovenščino. Zanimalo naju je, kolikšen je poudarek na razvijanju pravorečne zmožnosti in na razvijanju zapisovalne zmožnosti govora, tudi v različnih načinih transkribiranja glede na stopnjo izobraževanja.
Jezik influencera u kontekstu novih novih medija
Authors: Baraban Borko , Barić-Šelmić Snježana
Published: July 2024

Velik tehnološki napredak digitalnog i umreženoga društva omogućilo je stvaranje novih novih medija koji su iznjedrili novu publiku – prosumere. Novi novi mediji omogućuju njihovu korisniku istovremeno stvaranje i konzumiranje sadržaja. Upravo taj trenutak obilježit će uspon influencera – utjecajnih osoba. Utjecajne osobe, odnosno kreatori javnoga mišljenja, nisu novost, no za razliku od utjecajnih osoba u prošlosti, kraljevskih obitelji, plemstva, političke elite, sportaša i drugih, današnje utjecajne osobe svoju popularnost i utjecaj stječu prvenstveno zahvaljujući razvoju tehnologije, a stavove publike oblikuju stvaranjem objava, vblogova, tweetova i drugih kanala mrežnih društvenih medija. U ovom se radu jezik influencera analizira u dvije kategorije: leksičku i sintaktičku. Metodološki okvir rada usmjeren je kvalitativnoj metodi analize sadržaja koja se može kvantificirati. To je istraživačka tehnika kojom se klasificira i opisuje komunikacijski sadržaj prema unaprijed određenim kategorijama, odnosno komunikacija će se analizirati na sustavan i kvantitativan način. Nastavno istraživanju koje je provela Styria i agencija Nielsen, prema metodologiji NielsenMedia i alatu InfluenceScope (2021), određen je uzorak istraživanja.
La naturaleza difusa de la norma académica en "El libro de estilo de la lengua española"
Authors: Bustos Gisbert José Manuel
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo, analizamos la manera en la que se formula la corrección lingüística en El libro de estilo de la lengua española (2018), la última publicación de naturaleza normativa de la Real Academia de la Lengua y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Demostramos que más de la mitad de las normas enunciadas son de naturaleza difusa, por lo que resultan poco operativas para el usuario. Analizamos tres clases de normas difusas: normas de baja carga deóntica, de escaso carácter preceptivo; normas confusas, en tanto que imprecisas o subjetivas; y normas particulares, con un campo de aplicación muy limitado. Observamos, finalmente, que no es extraño que estos tres tipos aparezcan combinados.
Anticancer Screening of Few Wild Edible Fruits in Mizoram, Northeast India using MTT Assay
Authors: Ngurthankhumi Rody , Hazarika T.K. , Lalruatsangi Esther , Lalhmachhuani H. , Debbarma Panthor , . Zothansiama
Published: July 2024

Background: Cancer is an assortment of diseases resulting from disrupting cell cycle regulation. It is characterised by the proliferation of cells in an unregulated manner. The development of cancer can be attributed to a variety of factors, both external and internal. Various plants are rich in a variety of bioactive phytochemicals and essential nutrients. Several studies over the past few decades have shed light on the significant role of these phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay known for its high reliability and commonly used to measure whole-cell cytotoxicity across various cell lines is a commonly employed method for assessing the initial effectiveness of synthetic derivatives and natural products in combating cancer. Methods: For the current study wild edible fruits were collected from different regions of Mizoram, northeast India during 2020-2021. The study involved conducting an MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay on A549 cell lines using methanolic extract of seven wild edible fruits. Result: The methanolic extract of the seven wild edible fruits exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell lines. Tamarindus indica demonstrated the lowest IC50 value of 119.77±0.20 ìg/ml indicating its high cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines, followed by Citrus grandis with an IC50 value of 176.63±10.66 ìg/ml among the seven wild edible fruits studied.
Expatriate humble behavior in corporate international assignments
Authors: Freitas Mello Sylvia , Amelia Tomei Patricia
Published: July 2024

The global economy is promoting an increasingly competitive environment for companies operating across borders. To support the demand for this globalization, multinational companies need competent expatriates to succeed in their operations abroad. This paper aims to explore and describe the value of humility in Global Mobility, analyzing how expatriate humble behavior operates in corporate international assignments, based on the perspective of a group of experts in the field. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was conducted with 19 senior managers. Content analysis was used to understand expatriates and HR's perceptions of Expressed humble behaviors (EHB), Relevance of humble behaviors (RHB); Context of Humble behavior (CHB), and Outcomes of humble behavior (OHB) with a focus on – Adaptation. Results suggest that humility is important to all, but lack of humility in Global Mobility can be a roadblocker; Humility builds connections, trust, and reliable and long-term relationships, highly contributing to expatriates´ adaptation to international assignments. Additionally, humility needs favorable conditions to flourish, and it may be associated with weakness, in certain contexts. The study sheds light on the association between the value of humility and expatriate behavior, a link little explored in the field of Global Mobility. The distinctive findings of this research bring a contribution to assigned expatriates (AEs), and, consequently, to organizations that demand, every day, more sharing, cooperation, and continuous learning, to achieve their goals and objectives.
Keywords: Behavior; expatriate; humble behaviour; humility; international assignments
Exclusive Breastfeeding Factors at 6 Months Postpartum in Low-Income Populations: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kurilla Nancy A.
Published: July 2024

Objective:This integrative review aimed to study the factors related to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for at least 6 months postpartum in low-income populations.

Methods:After extensively searching CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus, an integrative review was conducted to identify the existing evidence. Quantitative and qualitative studies that examined factors related to EBF at 6 months in low-income populations were included in this review.

Results:Eight studies met this review’s inclusion criteria. The studies’ researchers examined associations with EBF at 6 months in low-income populations. Higher education, healthcare professional support, and social support were positively related to EBF at 6 months postpartum in low-income women. Older age, lower body mass index, strong control beliefs, and peer counseling were positive predictors for EBF at 6 months postpartum in low-income women. Factors that impeded EBF rates 6 months postpartum in low-income women were negative influences by healthcare professionals and lack of community-based programs and social support.

Conclusions:Healthcare professionals need proper education with support, promotion, and protection of breastfeeding. Low-income communities need more resources to support breastfeeding mothers to breastfeed their children successfully and exclusively. Research is further needed to learn of factors related to EBF at 6 months postpartum in low-income populations.
Cryptocurrency Purchases Among Young Adults: Behaviors and Educational Opportunities
Authors: Blue Levon Ellen , Xing Congcong , Pham Thu
Published: July 2024

Consumers in many countries are at increased risks to financial scams through their use of digital technology. The number of consumers who own cryptocurrencies is rapidly increasing along with cryptocurrency-related scams. Financial education has not kept up with the rise in digital finance tools. In this article, we seek to answer why young adults in Australia are investing in cryptocurrencies and how they are being financially educated. We analyzed survey responses from 136 young Australians aged 18 to 24 who own cryptocurrencies. We identified why they are investing in cryptocurrencies and how they are being financially educated. Our findings show that most young people are purchasing Bitcoin from an exchange as a potential investment. We also found that they learn about cryptocurrencies and nonfungible tokens from social media and have concerns about storing their digital assets. Findings from this article point to opportunities for educators to reach young consumers through online financial education.
Concept, legal regulation and stages of conducting a legal examination of a draft notice on the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs
Authors: Kramskoy Vadim V.
Published: July 2024

The concept, legal regulation and stages of conducting a legal examination of a draft notice on the procure-ment of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs are considered. It is noted that this legal insti-tution, by its nature, represents control on the part of the relevant entities, which consists in establishing the re-lationship between the actions of participants in the contract system and the legal regulations that they must ful-fill when placing an order for the goods supply, work performance, or services provision. In view of this, legal examination within the framework of the contract system is a striking example of legal control for the purpose of its effective functioning.
Prevention of violations of mandatory requirements during customs control and supervision: theoretical and legal aspects
Authors: Agamagomedova Saniyat A.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to define the concept of prevention of violations of mandatory requirements from a theoretical and legal standpoint and its place in the system of customs control and supervision. To achieve the stated goal, the following tasks are set: a) to offer a theoretical and legal justification and characterize the prevention of violations of mandatory requirements in the system of state control and supervision; b) highlight options for positioning the prevention of violations of mandatory requirements in the system of state control and supervision; c) identify the problems of determining the place and role of preventing violations of mandatory requirements in the system of control and supervisory activities of the state; d) analyze the use of the concept of prevention of violations of mandatory requirements in the system of customs control and supervision; e) identify the problem of a uniform understanding of the prevention of violations of mandatory requirements in the customs sector and propose ways to solve it. To solve the problems, the method of analyzing scientific literature on the research topic, as well as international treaties and regulations, comparative legal and formal legal research methods were used. Based on the results of the study, various approaches to the theoretical and legal definition of the concept of prevention of violations of mandatory requirements and its place in the modern system of state control and supervision are identified. Based on a review of international treaties in the field of customs regulation and customs legislation, the specifics of using the concept of prevention of violations of mandatory requirements in the customs sphere are substantiated. It is concluded that there is no uniform understanding and use of the concept of prevention in the centralized and decentralized spheres of control and supervisory interaction, as well as the need to take into account the specifics of the type of state control and supervision when using preventive measures.