bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel TRPM7/O-GlcNAc axis mediates tumour cell motility and metastasis by stabilising c-Myc and caveolin-1 in lung carcinoma
Authors: Luanpitpong Sudjit , Rodboon Napachai , Samart Parinya , Vinayanuwattikun Chanida , Klamkhlai Siwaporn , Chanvorachote Pithi , Rojanasakul Yon , Issaragrisil Surapol
Published: July 2020

Background

Calcium is an essential signal transduction element that has been associated with aggressive behaviours in several cancers. Cell motility is a prerequisite for metastasis, the major cause of lung cancer death, yet its association with calcium signalling and underlying regulatory axis remains an unexplored area.

Methods

Bioinformatics database analyses were employed to assess correlations between calcium influx channels and clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Functional and regulatory roles of influx channels in cell migration and invasion were conducted and experimental lung metastasis was examined using in vivo live imaging.

Results

High expression of TRPM7 channel correlates well with the low survival rate of patients and high metastatic potential. Inhibition of TRPM7 suppresses cell motility in various NSCLC cell lines and patient-derived primary cells and attenuates experimental lung metastases. Mechanistically, TRPM7 acts upstream of O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification and a crucial sensor for metabolic changes. We reveal for the first time that caveolin-1 and c-Myc are favourable molecular targets of TRPM7/O-GlcNAc that regulates NSCLC motility. O-GlcNAcylation of caveolin-1 and c-Myc promotes protein stability by interfering with their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

Conclusions

TRPM7/O-GlcNAc axis represents a potential novel target for lung cancer therapy that may overcome metastasis.
Pilot study on the therapeutic potential of radiofrequency magnetic fields: growth inhibition of implanted tumours in mice
Authors: Luukkonen Jukka , Naarala Jonne , Juutilainen Jukka , Barnes Frank , Martino Carlos F.
Published: July 2020

The present study investigated possible therapeutic effects of radiofrequency or hypomagnetic fields on the growth rate of two types of implanted tumours. To this end, mice with implanted fibrosarcoma and pancreatic tumours were exposed continuously to a 2 µT, 10 MHz radiofrequency magnetic field (MF) perpendicular to a 45 µT static MF or to a hypomagnetic (~0.4–1 µT) field. The reasoning for a 10 MHz treatment was based on a current theoretical explanation for MF effects, which predicts a resonance phenomenon in this frequency range. Radiofrequency MFs reduced consistently the growth rate of two implanted tumour types (by ~30% in both cases). Also, hypomagnetic field hindered tumour growth in both tumour types, but the observation was not statistically significant with fibrosarcoma tumours. In conclusion, although experiments included a limited number of animals, the results indicate that MFs may offer a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.
CD30 and ALK combination therapy has high therapeutic potency in RANBP2-ALK-rearranged epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma
Authors: Fordham Ashleigh M. , Xie Jinhan , Gifford Andrew J. , Wadham Carol , Morgan Lisa T. , Mould Emily V. A. , Fadia Mitali , Zhai Lei , Massudi Hassina , Ali Zara S. , Marshall Glenn M. , Lukeis Robyn E. , Fletcher Jamie I. , MacKenzie Karen L. , Trahair Toby N.
Published: July 2020

Background

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (eIMS) is characterised by perinuclear ALK localisation, CD30 expression and early relapse despite crizotinib treatment. We aimed to identify therapies to prevent and/or treat ALK inhibitor resistance.

Methods

Malignant ascites, from an eIMS patient at diagnosis and following multiple relapses, were used to generate matched diagnosis and relapse xenografts.

Results

Xenografts were validated by confirmation ofRANBP2-ALKrearrangement, perinuclear ALK localisation and CD30 expression. Although brentuximab-vedotin (BV) demonstrated single-agent activity, tumours regrew during BV therapy. BV resistance was associated with reduced CD30 expression and induction of ABCB1. BV resistance was reversed in vitro by tariquidar, but combination BV and tariquidar treatment only briefly slowed xenograft growth compared with BV alone. Combining BV with either crizotinib or ceritinib resulted in marked tumour shrinkage in both xenograft models, and resulted in prolonged tumour-free survival in the diagnosis compared with the relapse xenograft.

Conclusions

CD30 is a therapeutic target in eIMS. BV efficacy is limited by the rapid emergence of resistance. Prolonged survival with combination ALK and CD30-targeted-therapy in the diagnosis model provides the rationale to trial this combination in eIMS patients at diagnosis. This combination could also be considered for other CD30-positive,ALK-rearranged malignancies.
Study on electroless Cu plating quality of in situ TiCp
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Liu Yu , Gao Yali , Wang Jinguo
Published: July 2020

In situ TiCp was fabricated via combustion synthesis in an Al–Ti–C system. The quality of copper plating was easily observable on the surface of spherical in situ TiCp. A study was conducted to assess the influences of the stirring method, plating temperature and particle-to-solution ratio. According to the results, magnetic stirring is an advantageous stirring method. During the plating process, the plating quality reaches the maximum level at 303 K under magnetic stirring. Moreover, uniform and dense plating is achieved when the particle-to-solution ratio reaches 1 g/100 ml. The concentration of solution and ion activity can affect the speed at which Cu2+ is attached to the growing core, which plays a significant role in the quality of copper plating.
Volatile organic compound analysis, a new tool in the quest for preterm birth prediction—an observational cohort study
Authors: Lacey Lauren , Daulton Emma , Wicaksono Alfian , Covington James A. , Quenby Siobhan
Published: July 2020

Preterm birth is the leading cause of death worldwide in children under five years. Due to its complex multifactorial nature, prediction is a challenge. Current research is aiming to develop accurate predictive models using patient history, ultrasound and biochemical markers. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is an approach, which has good diagnostic potential to predict many disease states. Analysis of VOCs can reflect both the microbiome and host response to a condition. We aimed to ascertain if VOC analysis of vaginal swabs, taken throughout pregnancy, could predict which women go on to deliver preterm. Our prospective observational cohort study demonstrates that VOC analysis of vaginal swabs, taken in the midtrimester, is a fair test (AUC 0.79) for preterm prediction, with a sensitivity of 0.66 (95%CI 0.56–0.75) and specificity 0.89 (95%CI 0.82–0.94). Using vaginal swabs taken closest to delivery, VOC analysis is a good test (AUC 0.84) for the prediction of preterm birth with a sensitivity of 0.73 (95%CI 0.64–0.81) and specificity of 0.90 (95%CI 0.82–0.95). Consequently, VOC analysis of vaginal swabs has potential to be used as a predictive tool. With further work it could be considered as an additional component in models for predicting preterm birth.
Growth and physiological responses of three warm-season legumes to water stress
Authors: Baath Gurjinder S. , Rocateli Alexandre C. , Kakani Vijaya Gopal , Singh Hardeep , Northup Brian K. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Katta Jhansy R.
Published: July 2020

Novel drought-tolerant grain legumes like mothbean (Vigna acontifolia), tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) may also serve as summer forages, and add resilience to agricultural systems in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). However, limited information on the comparative response of these species to different water regimes prevents identification of the most reliable option. This study was conducted to compare mothbean, tepary bean and guar for their vegetative growth and physiological responses to four different water regimes: 100% (control), and 75%, 50% and 25% of control, applied from 27 to 77 days after planting (DAP). Tepary bean showed the lowest stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic rate (A), but also maintained the highest instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) among species at 0.06 and 0.042 m3 m−3 soil moisture levels. Despite maintaining higher A, rates of vegetative growth by guar and mothbean were lower than tepary bean due to their limited leaf sink activity. At final harvest (77 DAP), biomass yield of tepary bean was 38–60% and 41–56% greater than guar and mothbean, respectively, across water deficits. Tepary bean was the most drought-tolerant legume under greenhouse conditions, and hence future research should focus on evaluating this species in extensive production settings.
Wet carbonate-promoted radical arylation of vinyl pinacolboronates with diaryliodonium salts yields substituted olefins
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhao Chongyang , Zhou Jun , Hu Han-Shi , Li Jun , Wu Panpan , Chen Chao
Published: July 2020

Since the landmark work of Heck, Negishi and Suzuki on Pd-catalyzed crossing coupling reactions, innovative discovery of new reactions forming C-C bonds and constructing functional olefins via nonmetal catalysts remains an imperative area in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free arylation method of vinyl pinacolboronates with diaryliodonium salts to form C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond and provide trans-arylvinylboronates. The resulting vinylboronates can further react with the remaining aryl iodides (generated from diaryliodonium salts) via Suzuki coupling to afford functional olefins, offering an efficient use of aryliodonium salts. Computational mechanistic studies suggest radical-pair pathway of the diaryliodonium salts promoted by the multi-functional wet carbonate.
Biokinetics and clearance of inhaled gold ultrasmall-in-nano architectures
Authors: Mapanao Ana Katrina , Giannone Giulia , Summa Maria , Ermini Maria Laura , Zamborlin Agata , Santi Melissa , Cassano Domenico , Bertorelli Rosalia , Voliani Valerio
Published: July 2020

After inhalation, ultrasmall-in-nano gold architectures accumulate in the lungs, reach secondary organs, and are excreted, encouraging the clinical translation of plasmonic nanomaterials to the management of cancer and infectious diseases.
Network topologies dictate electromechanical coupling in liquid metal–elastomer composites
Authors: Zolfaghari Navid , Khandagale Pratik , Ford Michael J. , Dayal Kaushik , Majidi Carmel
Published: July 2020

Conductive traces of elastomer embedded with liquid metal droplets exhibit little change in electrical resistance when stretched to large strains. Computational modeling is performed to better understand this remarkable piezoresistive property.
Peptide-induced RAFT polymerizationviaan amyloid-β17–20-based chain transfer agent
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: July 2020

An amyloid-β-peptide-derived chain-transfer agent has been synthesized and employed to obtain well defined, peptide–polymeric conjugates, able to assemble into mechanically strong cross-linked hydrogels.
Revealing the clinical significance and prognostic value of small nucleolar RNA SNORD31 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Yuan , Sun Zhongquan , Zhang Sitong , Xu Qianhui , Zhou Liuzhi , Zhou Dongkai , Li Yanjie , Han Xin , Xu Hao , Bai Yang , Xu Chang , Ding Hao , Ge Yao , Wang Weilin
Published: July 2020

Background: For lack of accurate early diagnosis and prognostic assessment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) becomes severe challenge with the fourth cancer-related mortality. Recently, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) was identified to make functions in progression of various tumors. Among that, a novel ncRNA, small nucleolar RNA C/D box 31 (SNORD31) was suggested in previous study to function as potential tumor suppressing role. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns and clinical significance of SNORD31 in HCC.

Methods: SNORD31 expression was calculated in HCC cell lines as well as clinical specimens by RT-PCR. HCC patients were subdivided into high and low SNORD31 expression groups and their clinical characteristics were compared. Besides, the association between SNORD31 expression and postoperative prognosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results: Compared with corresponding normal reference, expression levels of SNORD31 were significantly down-regulated in both HCC cell lines and clinical specimens (P<0.01). Moreover, low SNORD31 expression was remarkably correlated with large tumor diameter, high incidence of vessel carcinoma embolus and capsular invasion, severe tumor differentiation and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.05). In the following analysis, HCC patients with low SNORD31 expression were independently inclined with poor tumor-free (median time: 9.17 vs 48.8 months, low vs high, P<0.001) as well as long-term survival (LTS; median time: 40.26 vs 55.41 months, low vs high, P=0.002).

Conclusions: The ncRNA SNORD31 was proved to be commonly down-regulated in HCC and was independently associated with multiple malignant characteristics and long-term prognosis of HCC patients, which implied that SNORD31 possessed potential as a novel HCC biomarker.
Alternation of the flickering morphology between the high and low state in MV Lyrae
Authors: Dobrotka A. , Negoro H. , Konopka P.
Published: July 2020

Aims. We studied unique data of the nova-like system MV Lyr taken by the Kepler space telescope during its transition from the high to low state and vice versa. We were interested in the evolution of frequency components found previously in different data also obtained by Kepler.

Methods. We divided the light curve into ten-day segments and investigated the corresponding power density spectra. We searched for individual frequency components by fitting with Lorentzian functions. Additionally, we investigated the variability using averaged shot profiles calculated from the light curve divided into ten equally spaced subsamples.

Results. We found very complex changes in the power density spectra. We focused our study onto three frequency components. A significant increase in activity is seen at low frequencies. Contrariwise, the high frequency part of the spectrum strongly decreases in power with a specific rise in characteristic frequencies of the individual components. We discuss various scenarios of this phenomenology such as the reprocessing of X-rays in a receding accretion disk or radiation from a more active region at the outer disk. Finally, we show that various cataclysmic variables show similar characteristic frequencies in their power density spectra. These are dependent on activity stage, making the situation similar to X-ray binaries.
Workshop Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen am
Arbeitsplatz – Teil II Betriebliche
Lösungsansätze
Authors: Backé Eva-Maria , Schellewald Vera , Reichel Kathrin , Ellegast Rolf , Latza Ute
Published: July 2020

Ziel Die Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen auch am
Arbeitsplatz ist ein wichtiges Problem unserer Zeit. Seine Lösung
verlangt interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Expertinnen und Experten
aus Wissenschaft und betrieblicher Praxis.

Methodik Hierzu wurde im Februar 2019 in Berlin ein Workshop mit
Fachleuten aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen durchgeführt, der die
derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der Gesundheitsgefährdung
durch lange, wenig unterbrochene Sitzzeiten am Arbeitsplatz in verschiedenen
Beiträgen thematisiert und betriebliche Lösungsansätze
aufzeigt. Dieser Workshop wird hier in 2 Teilen dokumentiert. Genderrelevante
Aspekte werden, wenn möglich, hervorgehoben.

Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden Teil II werden Lösungsansätze
aus der Praxis vorgestellt. Es werden neue Evaluationsergebnisse zu dynamischen
Arbeitsstationen gezeigt. Zwei Beispiele geben einen Einblick in die
betriebliche Praxis, die in Deutschland aktuell weniger von Maßnahmen
zur Unterbrechung der Sitzzeiten als von Bewegungsförderung
geprägt ist. In der abschließenden Plenumsdiskussion wird
zusammengefasst, wie Interventionen am Arbeitsplatz gelingen können.

Schlussfolgerung Entscheidungsträger erkennen zunehmend, dass im
21. Jahrhundert ein Trend hin zu körperlicher Unterforderung durch
sedentäres Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz besteht, der die Gesundheit der
Beschäftigten und der Bevölkerung generell gefährdet.
Trotz Evidenzlücken können und sollten wissenschaftsbasierte
Entscheidungen für Politik und Praxis getroffen werden. In Deutschland
können wir dabei von den guten Beispielen anderer Länder
lernen.
Die Grenzen des G-DRG-Systems bei der Abbildung von Komplexität in der Universitätsmedizin
Authors: Lerch Markus M. , Rathmayer Markus , Siegmund Britta , Wilke Michael , Wedemeyer Heiner , Stallmach Andreas , Mayerle Julia , Lammert Frank
Published: July 2020

Seit der Einführung des G-DRG-Systems zur Vergütung der stationären Krankenversorgung im Jahr 2003 werden durch das Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) jährlich die Erstattungsbeträge für alle Fallgruppen (DRG) auf der Basis des Mittelwerts der Kostendaten (§-21-KHEntgG-Datensatz) von ca. 200 kalkulierenden Krankenhäusern berechnet. Nach dieser Systematik müsste die eine Hälfte der stationären Leistungserbringer Überschüsse in der Krankenversorgung erwirtschaften, die andere Hälfte Verluste ausweisen. Trotz langjähriger Optimierung ihrer Kosten weisen jährlich zwei Drittel der Universitätsklinika operative Defizite aus, unter den nicht universitären Häusern sind es dagegen 29 %. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) hat als wissenschaftliche Fachgesellschaft seit 2012 von 74 für das InEK kalkulierenden und mit der DGVS kooperierenden Krankenhäusern die anonymisierten Kostendaten von mehr als 7 Mio. Abrechnungsfällen ausgewertet, um damit eine sachgerechtere Darstellung gastroenterologischer DRG durch datenbasierte Anträge an das InEK zu ermöglichen. Diese Daten wurden jetzt verwendet, um an drei Beispielen repräsentativer DRG und Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS) (hepatische Enzephalopathie bei Leberzirrhose, endoskopische Leistungsgruppen und Behandlungskosten von zwischen Krankenhäusern für eine Intervention verlegten Patienten) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der sachgerechten Darstellung universitätsmedizinischer Leistungserbringung im G-DRG-System zu untersuchen. Die Analyse ergibt, dass eine ökonomisch angemessene Kostenabbildung der komplexeren und schwerer erkrankten Patienten an den Universitätsklinika im G-DRG-System nicht durch Korrekturen oder eine Weiterdifferenzierung innerhalb des bestehenden Systems möglich ist. Selbst in Fallgruppen, in denen eine Korrektur möglich wäre, ist sie im bestehenden System teilweise untersagt. Einem weiteren Anstieg des operativen Defizits der Universitätsklinika in der Krankenversorgung (zuletzt kumulativ 300 Mio. Euro) kann nur durch entweder einen fallbezogenen Systemzuschlag oder die Trennung eines universitätsmedizinischen U-DRG-Systems vom allgemeinen G-DRG-System entgegengewirkt werden.
Estudo biomecânico de diferentes dispositivos de fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial em joelhos de suínos
Authors: Dobke Lothar Schmechel , Bonadiman João Artur , Lopes Jr Osmar Valadão , Saggin Paulo Renato , Israel Charles Leonardo , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Objetivo Avaliar diferentes dispositivos de fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial para comparar sua eficácia quanto à força de fixação até a falha em joelhos suínos.

Métodos Foram ensaiados 30 joelhos de suínos subdivididos em 3 grupos de 10 joelhos. Os enxertos retirados foram dissecados de tendões extensores das patas dos suínos. Cada grupo teve o enxerto fixado ao fêmur com parafuso de interferência, âncora, ou tenodese no tendão adutor. Os 3 métodos foram submetidos à testes biomecânicos utilizando uma máquina universal de ensaio de tração com uma velocidade de 20 mm/min.

Resultados Verificamos que a média mais elevada da resistência linear sob tração lateral (185,45 ± 41,22 N) ocorreu no grupo 1: “fixação por parafuso,” seguido do grupo 2: “fixação por âncora” (152,97 ± 49,43 N), e a média foi menor no grupo 3: “fixação por tenodese” (76,69 ± 18,90 N). Para a margem de erro fixada (5%), comprovou-se a diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,001) e também através dos testes de comparações múltiplas (entre os pares de grupos) verificou-se a ocorrência de diferenças significativas. A variabilidade expressada por meio do coeficiente de variação mostrou-se reduzida, já que a referida medida foi inferior a 33,3%.

Conclusão O uso de parafusos de interferência no túnel ósseo de joelhos porcinos é suficientemente forte para fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial, assim como a fixação com âncoras montáveis com fio de alta resistência. Entretanto, a tenodese no tendão adutor mostrou-se frágil para essa finalidade.
Conscious Clinical Education: The Evidence-Based Education—Clinical Education Model
Authors: DeRuiter Mark , Ginsberg Sarah M.
Published: July 2020

The fields of speech-language pathology and audiology, collectively referred to as communication sciences and disorders, are driven by evidence-based practice (EBP). As accountability in clinical service delivery continues to increase, there are few who would argue that encouraging clinicians to engage in methods that have withstood the rigors of peer-review is the wrong approach. Graduate students are typically given many opportunities to learn about the evidence for their discipline, and graduate programs are required to provide these opportunities under accreditation standards. While EBP is critical to our discipline's clinical function, we assert that evidence-based education (EBE) is equally as important as EBP to our discipline's function in educating our students. This article discusses EBP and EBE with a focus on elements that may not have been considered in the past, particularly within the complex dynamic of the EBE and clinical education interface. We present current and proposed models, including a new model of EBE in clinical education. We share insights into how the new and proposed models fit within the broader context of clinical decision making and the scholarship of teaching and learning. We conclude by addressing future needs for the education of clinical educators.
Competency-Based Education: Purposes and Promises
Authors: Walden Patrick R.
Published: July 2020

Competency-based education (CBE) is described and the reported advantages to CBE are discussed. The need for a stronger evidence base to support CBE is acknowledged. As we continue to develop this evidence base, the practices of (1) focusing on outcomes and (2) being flexible in the time needed for trainee mastery of competencies hold promise and are consistent with good pedagogy. A model for clinical supervision that includes a focus on outcomes, as well as built-in acknowledgment of time for mastery, is briefly described.
Literature-Based Strategies for Clinical Fellow Mentorship
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Walden Patrick R.
Published: July 2020

In the field of communication sciences and disorders, some research and guidance exist on clinical fellowship supervision for the mentor; however, there is a dearth of literature on clinical fellowship supervision from the perspective of the clinical fellow. This article begins with why the clinical fellowship experience is necessary, and then discusses clinical fellow and mentor expectations and responsibilities, clinical fellow independence, mentor qualities, and issues related to the provision of feedback. The overall goal is to enhance clinical fellow mentors' knowledge base on the clinical fellowship experience through review of current literature on supervision and mentorship.
Evaluation of Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels and Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in Infants of Smoker Mothers
Authors: Ozcelik Huseyin Samet , Arslan Derya , Deniz Cigdem Damla , Gunenc Oguzhan , Vatansev Husamettin , Uysal Celil
Published: July 2020

Objective Smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on the fetus and infant. Although some studies suggest that exposure to fetal–maternal smoking adversely affects both fetal growth and cardiovascular development, the mechanisms and biochemical consequences of smoking in pregnancy and newborns are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy causes fetal cardiovascular effect by measuring serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT).

Study Design This prospective study was conducted in newborns of smoking mothers and never-smoker control mothers during their pregnancies. The babies were evaluated echocardiographically on the first day following birth. In two-dimensional mode, abdominal aIMT measurements were performed. ADMA was measured in umbilical cord blood at birth.

Results There were 25 mothers in the study group and 25 mothers in the control group. Serum ADMA levels were 0.459 ± 0.119 μmol/L in the study group and 0.374 ± 0.1127 μmol/L in the control group (p = 0.034). The aIMT value in the study group was 0.84 ± 0.026 mm and the aIMT value in the control group was 0.63 ± 0.011 mm (p = 0.005).

Conclusion We found that both the serum ADMA and the aIMT significantly increased in the group with newborns of smoker mothers compared with the group of the newborns of never-smoker mothers. It may also be suggested that exposure to fetal–maternal smoking adversely affects cardiovascular development.

Key Points
Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Current Status
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Saxena Harsh , Gupta Nikhil , Tanzeem Mohammad , Naorem1 Ronal
Published: July 2020

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has been an area of growing concern and posing threat to human health worldwide. The treatment has been defined for all types of DR-TB with or without newer anti-TB drugs. multi-DR-TB (MDR-TB) patients have now choice of two types of regimen, shorter and longer regimens. Shorter regimen for treatment of subset of MDR-TB patients who have not been previously treated with second line drugs and in whom resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable agents has been excluded is given for 9 to 11 months. A longer regimen of at least five effective anti-TB drugs (ATDs) during the intensive phase is recommended, including pyrazinamide and four core second-line ATDs. Intensive phase, including injectables, should be given for at least 8 months. The total duration of treatment is at least 20 months, which can be prolonged up to 24 months depending on the response of the patient. World Health Organization (WHO) has recently revised the grouping of ATD for use in DR-TB patients in 2018 into three groups based on individual patient data meta-analysis depending on their individual efficacy, risk of relapse, treatment failure, and death. Recently, an all oral longer regimen comprising bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPal regime) for 6 to 9 months for extensive-DR-TB (XDR-TB) patients and those MDR-TB patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond to conventional MDR-TB regimen. These new developments will be a step forward toward establishing universal regimen to treat all types of DR-TB. This article has summarized the current evidence from literature search to date, including prevalence of DR-TB, types of regimen used and the advancement in the regimens for effective treatment of DR-TB patients.
How to Dissect Lymphatics under Loupes for Line Production System for Multiple Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Eldahshoury Tarek Elsayed Mohamed , Yoshida Shuhei , Koshima Isao , Imai Hirofumi , Uchiki Toshio , Sasaki Ayano , Nagamatsu Shogo , Yokota Kazunori
Published: July 2020

Background A surgical line production system using loupes to dissect lymphatics and veins is a cost-effective way of performing multiple lymphaticovenular anastomoses. There is an art to successful dissection of lymphatics under loupes, and selection of the correct loupe magnification is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of how to dissect lymphatics under loupes.

Patients and Methods Dissection of lymphatics under loupes was performed for a series of 13 patients. Lymphatics are transparent threadlike structures that are arranged longitudinally and may be oriented with feeding capillary vessels. At the start of dissection, it is helpful to have a reference scale in the field of vision when operating to appreciate the size of the structures seen under loupes. It is also helpful to be able to separate lymphatics from fat tissue in the background.

Results Mean time for exploration under loupes was 25 ± 7 minutes; lymphatics were successfully found in 27 sites (90%) of the 30 attempted with failure to identify lymphatics in three sites (10%) and failure to identify veins in three sites (10%); the average size of the lymphatics was found to be 0.5 ± 0.2 mm. No lymphatics could be found by the microscopes after loupes exploration in two sites.

Discussion Even a novice surgeon can identify lymphatics based on knowledge of the visual characteristics of these structures. However, a higher magnification is likely necessary for accurate discrimination.
Comparing the performance of daily forest fire danger summary metrics for estimating fire activity in southern Australian forests
Authors: Plucinski M. P. , Sullivan A. L. , McCaw W. L.
Published: July 2020

Fire danger indices integrate weather and fuel variables to indicate the potential for wildland fires to ignite, spread, resist suppression and cause damage. McArthur’s Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) is applied across much of Australia, with the forecast daily maximum value used to inform fire management planning decisions and issuance of public warnings. Variations in daily maximum FFDI and the hourly changing of FFDI values during the day (including use of different soil moisture deficit indices) were compared against five binary fire activity statistics in six forested areas in southern Australia, with performance assessed using Theil–Sen regression lines fitted to rank percentile curves. Fire activity rates were similar on days with wide and narrow hourly FFDI distributions except in one study area where days with wide distributions experienced more fires. The maximum hourly FFDI metric performed the best of all the metrics tested, though there were no statistically significant differences among any of them. There was also little difference in the performance of metrics determined using alternative calculations and different drought indices. These results suggest that the current use of the forecast hourly maximum FFDI is appropriate and that using alternative methods to determine Drought Factor offers little benefit.
Carbon storage capacity of tropical peatlands in natural and artificial drainage networks
Authors: Cobb Alexander R , Dommain René , Tan Fangyi , Hwee En Heng Naomi , Harvey Charles F
Published: July 2020

Tropical peatlands store over 75 gigatons of carbon as organic matter that is protected from decomposition and fire by waterlogging if left undrained. Over millennia, this organic matter builds up between channels or rivers into gently mounded shapes called peat domes. Measurements of peat accumulation and water flow suggest that tropical peat domes approach a steady state in which the peat surface morphology is described by a uniform curvature, setting a limit on the carbon that a peatland can store. We explored the maximum amount of carbon that can accumulate as water-saturated peat in natural and artificial drainage networks of northwest and southern Borneo. We find that the maximum volume of peat accumulation in a channel-bounded parcel is proportional to the square of the parcel area times a scale-independent factor describing the shape of the parcel boundary. Thus, carbon capacity per area scales roughly with mean parcel area in the peatland. Our analysis provides a tool that can be used to predict the long-term impacts of artificial drainage, and to devise optimal strategies for arresting fires and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands.
US wildfire potential: a historical view and future projection using high-resolution climate data
Authors: Brown Emily K , Wang Jiali , Feng Yan
Published: July 2020

Recent wildfires in the western United States have led to substantial economic losses and social stresses. There is a great concern that the new climatic state may further increase the intensity, duration, and frequency of wildfires. To examine temporal and spatial features of historical wildfire trends and future changes, a common fire index, the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI), is calculated over the contiguous United States (CONUS) and Alaska. We introduce an efficient initialization method and calculate 36 years (1982–2017) of historical KBDI at 4 km using a high-quality observational dataset. KBDIs are also calculated at 12 km using regional climate models and extended into the mid- and late-21st century. Based on the observational data, annual mean (and 95th percentile) KBDI over forested regions in the southwestern and northwestern CONUS has risen since 1982 at a rate of 5.2 (4.0) and 2.9 (3.3) per year, respectively, indicating a persistent drying trend fostering fire activities; the number of days exceeding the top 5% historical KBDI has increased by 16 and 25 d in the 36 years. Multiple regional climate model simulations project increasing wildfire potential and longer fire seasons over broader areas based on the estimated KBDI for the mid- and late-21st century. By the end of the century, most of the CONUS would experience about 90–189 more days per year exceeding the historical local maximum KBDI; areas with high KBDI (>600), whose occurrence correlates with large burned area, are projected to broaden by nearly 60 times in the southern CONUS. While both temperature and precipitation contribute to future KBDI changes, warming is the main driver of more frequent, intense and wide-spread extreme wildfires indicated by high KBDIs in future projections.
Tourism and community empowerment at Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Eva
Published: July 2020

In a tourism context, scholars have noted that sustainable tourism can be achieved if local communities are empowered, thus having some level of control over the development process and if they share equitably in the tourism benefits. However, research about community empowerment in the tourism context, particularly in developing countries, indicates that, in general, the benefits are not shared equally within communities for many reasons. This study aims to explore to what degree tourism is empowering two rural communities in Indonesia. The method used in answering the question is a case study and a mix-methods approach. The case studies chosen were two villages that have different approaches in the planning process (top-down and bottom-up). The qualitative approach used is a participatory observation to explore the community’s context. The quantitative approach (a household survey) assessed the extent to which residents of these rural villages experience empowerment at an individual and community level, and the factors influencing empowerment outcomes. The survey results show that the different planning processes in these villages have not resulted in significant differences in empowerment on most measures. At Namo Sialang village, with a bottom-up approach to tourism planning, where the community has significant control over tourism development in their village, the surveys showed some evidence of greater empowerment across all dimensions (economic, psychological, social, and political). However, these differences were not as substantial as might be expected. In essence, this study suggests that expecting community empowerment in and through tourism development may not be entirely appropriate in this context. This may be because the concept does not take enough account of cultural factors and issues arising from political and geographical peripherality in the delivery of empowerment outcomes through tourism.
Population status of Saurauia spp. in Slamet Mountain, Central Java
Authors: Helmanto H , Zulkarnaen R N , Fikriyya N , Nisyawati  , Robiansyah I
Published: July 2020

Saurauia is belong to Actinidiaceae family. Saurauia spreading naturally in several highlands in Indonesia including Slamet Mountain. Some species of Saurauia had been used as traditional medicines for diabetes, cancer, and cholesterol. The population of Saurauia in Indonesia has been greatly reduced. This study aims to determine its distribution, population size and population structure of Saurauia in Slamet Mountain forest area. It was conducted in 4 locations forest which are on different slopes on Slamet Mountain. Retrieval of population data by following existing track using a purposive sampling method. A measuring plot of 20x20 m2 was made at the location in which Saurauia spp. discovered. The result of this research found 636 individuals in 103 measuring plots. Which consists of 4 species of Saurauia i.e. S. nudiflora DC. (90 individuals), S. pendula Blume (382), S. microphylla de Vriese (145) and S. bracteosa DC. (19). S. microphylla and S. bracteosa are species included in IUCN red list with vulnerable status. Both species require more conservation efforts. The population structure of Saurauia found was dominated by the seedling phase around 45.91%, mature phase 36.01% and juvenile phase 18.08% with varying height and diameter.
Experience and the impact of voluntourism in Samboja Lestari Orangutan Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Oktavia A C , Mardiastuti A , Rahman D A
Published: July 2020

Voluntourism is a type of alternative tourism that growing rapidly in recent years, mixing voluntary works and tourism activity in developing countries, including Indonesia. Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), alongside with The Great Project (TGP), are organizations that have been conducting this program. The objective of the research was to understood how voluntourism program has been implemented, identify voluntourists’ perception towards the program, also how to enhance the impact of voluntourism program. Research was conducted in Samboja Lestari Orangutan Rehabilitation Center in June and July 2018 using questionnaires, interview, and field observation. Voluntourist activities were mainly prepares food and enrichment on weekdays, and tourism activity on weekends, Staffs were important part of program. Various impacts from voluntourism program were experienced by voluntourist, local staffs, BOSF, TGP, and the objects (orangutans and sunbears). Voluntourism program needs to keep focusing on raising awareness and local involvement, in order to create voluntourism as significant part of improvement of various conservation programs in Indonesia.
The Development of Community-Based Forest Management in Indonesia and Its Contribution to Community Welfare and Forest Condition
Authors: Wahyu A , Suharjito D , Darusman D , Syaufina L
Published: July 2020

The development of community-based forest management (CBFM) in Indonesia has gained its momentum particularly in the last five years. It is undeniable that CBFM has become a key approach for maintaining and improving forest condition and community welfare, all at once. This paper illustrated the contributions of village forest and community forest development in Indonesia to community welfare and forest condition, which were the main purposes of CBFM program. We applied meta-analysis technique to identify the impacts of CBFM development to community welfare and conducted spatial analysis to analyze the impact of CBFM to forest condition. In the period of 2007-2018, there were at least 583 permits of village forest and 745 permits of community forest that have been granted, with the total area of 1 056 752 hectares and 590 363 hectares respectively. Our findings showed that in general village forest and community forest has positive impacts on community welfare through its contribution to community income, however the amount varied within and between regions ranging from 4% to 92%. Village forest and community forest designation also have positive impacts in improving forest condition and land use optimization. Nationally, village forest and community forest have been able to restrain the rate of deforestation, utilize unproductive land and increase primary forest cover in the last four years in particular. These findings revealed that CBFM is a proven approach that provides positive impacts on both the community and forest condition.
The Characteristics of Acacia mangium Stands at Site 23 B, RPH Maribaya, BKPH Parung Panjang, KPH Bogor which is attacked by pests and diseases
Authors: Tiffani N A , Ramdan H , Dungani
Published: July 2020

RPH Maribaya, BKH Parung Panjang, KPH Bogor is an Industrial Forest Plantation dominated by A. mangium stands. The characteristics of A. mangium stands is done by calculating the frequency and intensity of pest and disease attacks on A. mangium stands. The method used in this research is referring to the Criteria and Score for Plant Pests / Diseases [1]. The research was conducted on 85 sample trees in 7 plots in the Plot 23b of the RPH Maribaya by Simple Random Sampling. The results of this research indicate that the highest attack frequency on A. mangium is in plot 4 is 80%, and the lowest is in plot 7 which is 0%. The highest attack intensity is found in plot 4 that is 50% and the lowest is in plot 7 which is 0%. The percentage of attack frequency ranges from 20% - 80% (low category) with an average percentage of attack frequency of 41%. The percentage of attack intensity ranged from 20% - 50% (mild category) with an average percentage of attack intensity of 23%. The pests found in A. mangium stands are sac caterpillars (Pteroma plagiophleps.), and the larva of white grub (Lepidiota stigma).
A spatial decision support system for peatland fires prediction and prevention in Bengkalis Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Maulana S I , Syaufina L , Prasetyo L B , Aidi M N
Published: July 2020

A Spatial decision support system (SDSS) is an integrated computer-based system that can be used to support decision makers in addressing spatial problems through iterative approaches with functionality for handling both of spatial and non-spatial databases, analytical modelling capabilities, decision making support, as well as effective data and information presentation utilities. Previously, many studies have proven that this kind of decision support system is also useful in addressing wildfires problems effectively. Considering this technological advancement, this study is primarily aimed to develop a peatland fires management system by implementing the concept of SDSS. Developed system in this study is consisting of two separate sub-system, namely prediction and prevention sub-systems, which are then integrated into one whole working scheme using loose coupling method. Overall, it can be concluded that such integrated prediction and prevention system has various advantages. Firstly, it is useful to establish rapid coordination among involved stakeholders in deciding suitable approaches to prevent peatland fires. Secondly, promoting a more pro-active fire management system that is relied on predict-and-prevent approach. Thirdly, avoiding further delay on fires prevention while minimizing error in resources allocation. Lastly, this kind of decision support system can be rapidly updated following on-going technological and field situation developments.
Classification model of air quality in Jakarta using decision tree algorithm based on air pollutant standard index
Authors: Putra F M , Sitanggang I S
Published: July 2020

The level of air quality is getting lower because of high levels of air pollution in big cities. Big cities in Indonesia also experience air pollution, this is caused by the increase in road users who use motorized vehicle materials, industrial development, land burning, waste accumulation so that air quality changes quite dramatically. Daily air quality needs to be accurately measured and classified. Accurate classification results will help the government in making policy. The aim is to control pollution to get air quality standards that can be useful for survival, especially in Jakarta. Air pollutants contain various components of elemental compounds such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO;), sulfur dioxide (SO;), particulate matter (PM, ), ozone (Os) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) This study aims to determine the parameters that affect air quality in Jakarta using the C5.0 algorithm and Random Forest based on the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) category. The classification algorithms used are C5.0 and Random Forest which are categorized in the Decision Tree model. C5.0 also produces rule-based models. The accuracy of the decision tree model and the rule-based model from C5.0 and Random Forest on the dataset of 2017 is 99.74%, 99.22%, and 99.97% with 1412 training data and 389 testing data. The accuracy of the decision tree model and the rule-based model from C5.0 and Random Forest on the dataset of 2018 is 98.28%, 98.85%, and 97.42% with 1439 training data and 349 testing data. The most important variable to classify air quality is Ozone (O=) and air quality in Jakarta is dominated by the Moderate category in 2017 and 2018.
Burned area monitoring based on multiresolution and multisensor remote sensing image in Muaro Jambi, Jambi
Authors: Rahmi K I N , Ardha M , Rarasati A , Nugroho G , Mayestika P , U Catur N , Yulianto F
Published: July 2020

Forest and land fires are one of the disasters that occur regularly every year in the dry season. In 2019, it is estimated that the spread of forest and land fires will continue to expand due to the weak el nino potential faced by Indonesia. Monitoring burned area is important to be done quickly and accurately to find out the distribution and extent of the burned area to be followed up by relevant parties. This study aims to monitor burned area in Muaro Jambi, Jambi Province based on remote sensing imagery from optical sensors and radar sensors, namely Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, and Sentinel 1 satellite imagery. The method of identifying the burned area is based on the hotspot location and the different land cover images before and after the fire. Hotspot data used are Terra / Aqua MODIS, SNPP VIIRS, and NOAA 20 with confidence level high, medium, low while the satellite imagery used is Landsat RGB 6 5 4, Sentinel 2 RGB 11 8a 4, and Sentinel 1 RGB VV VH VV / VH. Based on this monitoring, the results of multisensor and multiresolution image show that the burned area continues to increase during the fire period from 30 July (217 Ha) - 5 August 2019 (1027 Ha).