bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil via ultrasound assisted transesterification
Authors: Özçimen Didem , Gülyurt Ömer , İnan Benan
Published: October 2016

There is a growing interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines because of the high oil prices and environmental issues related to massive greenhouse gas emissions. Nowadays, microalgal biomass has become a promising biodiesel feedstock. However, traditional biodiesel production from microalgae consumes a lot of energy and solvents. It is necessary to use an alternative method that can reduce the energy and alcohol consumption and save time. In this study, biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil by ultrasound assisted transesterification was conducted and effects of reaction parameters such as methanol:oil ratio, catalyst/oil ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester yields were investigated. The transesterification reactions were carried out by using methanol as alcohol and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. The highest methyl ester production was obtained under the conditions of 9:1 methanol/oil mole ratio, 1.5% potassium hydroxide catalyst in oil, and for reaction time of 40 min. It was also found that catalyst/oil molar ratio was the most effective parameter on methyl ester yield according to statistical data. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted transesterification may be an alternative and cost effective way to produce biodiesel efficiently.
Analysis and comparison of fragrant gene sequence in some rice cultivars
Authors: Karami Noushafarin , Aalami Ali , Lahiji Habibollah , Rabiei Babak , Alahgholipour Mehrzad
Published: October 2016

It is known that the fragrant trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is largely
controlled by fgr gene on chromosome 8 and it has been specified that the
existence of an 8 bp deletion and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
in exon 7 is effective on this trait. In this study, sequence alignment
analysis of fgr exon7 on chromosome 8 for 11 different fragrant and
non-fragrant cultivars revealed that 5 aromatic rice cultivars carried 3 SNPs
and 8 bp deletion in exon7 which terminates prematurely at a TAA stop codon.
However, 5 of the non-aromatics showed a sequence identical to the published
Nipponbare, being non-fragrant Japonica variety sequence. An exception among
them was Bejar, which had 8 bp deletion and 3SNPs but it was non-aromatic.
Sequencing can determine nucleotide alignment of a gene and give beneficial
information about gene function. In silico prediction showed proteins
sequences alignment of fgr gene for Khazar and Domsiah genotypes were
different. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase complete enzyme belongs to Khazar
non-fragrant genotype that has complete length and 503 amino acids while
non-functional BADH2 enzyme for Domsiah fragrant genotype has 251 amino acids
that result in accumulate 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) and produces aroma in
fragrant genotypes.
Genetic diversity of common bean accessions from former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as revealed by molecular and morphological markers
Authors: Maras Marko , Ibusoska Afrodita , Kratovalieva Suzana , Agic Rukie , Sustar-Vozlic Jelka , Meglic Vladimir
Published: October 2016

Cultivation of common bean has a long tradition in the Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and is still nowadays important part of the
human diet. In a study reported here 71 accessions from the FYROM were
assessed for genetic diversity with the aim to provide information on genetic
structure of Macedonian common bean germplasm and to depict its
peculiarities. A total of 71 accessions were assessed using 13 microsatellite
and 16 morphological markers. The average number of alleles per
microsatellite was 5.8, and ranged from three to 16 alleles. High capacity of
selected markers for distinguishing genotypes was identified by the
calculation of a very low value of probability of identity. The relationship
among 71 studied accessions was assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. A
very clear separation of accessions into two groups was observed in the UPGMA
dendrogram. The larger represented Andean gene pool and contained 40
accessions (56% of total), while the other 31 accessions (44% of total)
composed Mesoamerican gene pool. The two groups were successfully
discriminated by eight morphological traits. Within the larger Andean cluster
in the UPGMA dendrogram a sub-group of 16 climbing accessions was separated
from 24 bush accessions. The absence of the string in the pods of the
climbers suggests that this sub-group comprises snap beans grown primarily
for their fresh pods. There were eight morphological traits in total that
distinguished the two Andean sub-groups. Assessment of genetic relationship
among accessions, their classification into respective gene pool and
identification of morphological peculiarities provided valuable information
for the management of plant gene bank and Macedonian bean breeding program.
Zero tillage: A potential technology to improve cotton yield
Authors: Abbas Hafiz , Mahmood Abid , Ali Qurban
Published: October 2016

Zero tillage technology revealed with no use of any soil inverting technique
to grow crops. The crop plant seed is planted in the soil directly after
irrigation to make the soil soft without any replenishing in soil layers. A
study was conducted to evaluate cotton genotypes FH-114 and FH-142 for the
consecutive three years of growing seasons from 2013-15. The seed of both
genotypes was sown with two date of sowing, 1 March and 1 May of each three
years of sowing under three tillage treatments (zero tillage, minimum tillage
and conventional tillage) in triplicate completely randomized split-split
plot design. It was found from results that significant differences were
recorded for tillage treatments, date of sowing, genotypes and their
interactions. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the yield and
it attributed traits for potential of FH-114 and FH-142 cotton genotypes. The
genotype FH-142 was found with higher and batter performance as compared to
FH-114 under zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage
techniques. The traits bolls per plant, boll weight, fibre fineness, fibre
strength, plant height, cotton yield per plant and sympodial branches per
plant were found as most contributing traits towards cotton yield and
production. It was also found that FH-142 gives higher output in terms of
economic gain under zero tillage with 54% increase as compared to
conventional tillage technique. It was suggested that zero tillage technology
should be adopted to improve cotton yield and quality. It was also
recommended that further study to evaluate zero tillage as potential
technology should be performed with different regions, climate and timing
throughout the world.
Class II subdivision treatment with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device vs intermaxillary elastics
Authors: Aras Isil , Pasaoglu Aylin
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatments implemented in combination with Forsus or intermaxillary elastics in Class II subdivision subjects.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight Class II subdivision patients were allocated to two groups using matched randomization: Forsus group (mean age, 14.19 ± 1.02 years) and elastics group (mean age, 13.75 ± 1.16 years). Patients received fixed appliance therapy in combination with either Forsus or intermaxillary elastics. The study was conducted on lateral cephalograms and digital models acquired before orthodontic treatment and 10–12 weeks after the fixed appliances were removed.

Results:

The treatment phase comprising the use of Forsus (4.53 ± 0.91 months) was significantly shorter compared with elastics application (6.85 ± 1.08 months). This was also true for comparing duration of overall comprehensive treatment in both groups. Extrusion and palatal tipping of maxillary incisors and clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane were greater in the elastics group (P < .05). The mandibular incisors were proclined in both groups (P < .001), but no significant difference was observed between groups (P > .05). The mandibular incisors showed intrusion in the Forsus group and extrusion in the elastics group; the difference between groups was significant (P < .05). Overbite was decreased in both groups (P < .001) in similar amounts. Improvement in overjet, mandibular midline deviation, and correction of molar relationship on the Class II side were greater in the Forsus group (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Forsus is more effective for correcting Class II subdivision malocclusion in a shorter treatment period with minimal patient compliance required.
The Subversion of the Male Gaze and 9/11 as the Anamorphic Spot in David Greig’s Outlying Islands
Authors: De Vos Laurens
Published: October 2016

On a purely narrative level, Scottish playwright David Greig’s Outlying Islands (2002) deals with two ornithologists who have set sail to a small island in the North Atlantic to watch a rare bird species. What they do instead of watching birds is to “watch each other.” Hence, the play explores the mutual processes of looking and being looked at. By tracing the identification processes of characters and audience alike, this article analyses how Greig uses the motif of film to comment on the play and the engagement of its audiences. It engages in a comparative reading of Outlying Islands and Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds, showing that Greig deploys Hitchcock’s motif in reverse. Drawing on the work of Slavoj Žižek, it argues that the playwright presents the island as a construction – the imagining of which the audience is involved in – that subliminally comments on the terrorist attacks of 9/11.
Enthalpy of mixing of liquid Cu–Fe–Hf alloys at 1 873 K
Authors: Agraval Pavel , Dreval Liya , Turchanin Mikhail
Published: October 2016

In the ternary Cu–Fe–Hf system, the mixing enthalpies of liquid alloys were investigated at 1873 K using a high-temperature isoperibolic calorimeter. The experiments were performed along the sections x
Cu/x
Fe = 3/1, 1/1 at x
Hf = 0–0.47 and along the section x
Cu/x
Fe = 1/3 at x
Hf = 0–0.13. The limiting partial enthalpies of mixing of undercooled liquid hafnium in liquid Cu–Fe alloys,

Δ

mix

H
¯

Hf

∞

${\Delta _{{\rm{mix}}}}\bar H_{{\rm{Hf}}}^\infty $

, are (−122 ± 9) kJ mol−1 (section x
Cu/x
Fe = 3/1), (−106 ± 9) kJ mol−1 (section x
Cu/x
Fe = 1/1), and (−105 ± 2) kJ mol−1 (section x
Cu/x
Fe = 1/3). In the investigated composition range, the integral mixing enthalpies are sign-changing. For the integral mixing enthalpy, an analytical expression was obtained by the least squares fit of the experimental results using the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu polynomial.
At the Threshold to the New World
Authors: Bies Michael
Published: October 2016

This article deals with representations of equator crossings in travel literature. Focusing on the accounts of European travelers to Brazil, it considers descriptions of crossing-the-line ceremonies that were performed on board ships since the sixteenth century and shows that, since the late eighteenth century, writers have increasingly staged crossings of the equator as an individual and private experience. Furthermore, it addresses the relation of travel and knowledge that descriptions of equator crossings establish by referring to distinctive epistemological approaches to the New World and by producing a “liminal knowledge” characteristic of travel narratives. The article draws on travel literature from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, paying special attention to the postromantic description of an equator crossing in Claude Lévi-Strauss’s famous memoir Tristes Tropiques.
New Mobilities, Spaces, and Ideas to Market
Authors: Spalding Steven D.
Published: October 2016

This comment on the special section “On Travel Writing and Knowledge Transfer: Itinerant Knowledge Production in European Travel Writing” examines the section’s contributions in terms of the project called for in the section’s introduction. What new kinds of knowledge are produced in the context of the ever-increasing mobility of European travelers from the sixteenth century forward? What are the discursive conditions within which knowledge is constructed in and through travel narratives—including discourses of selves and others, of cultures and nations? How does mobility shape knowledge production, as narratives of journeys across the oceans develop into a full-blown genre with ever-greater stakes for travelers, readers, and nations? The four case studies in the special section offer insightful snapshots from the history of European travel writing—with a special emphasis on German authors—that resonate with major themes from travel writing studies and critical studies more generally, from Romanticism to the colonialist or imperial gaze.
A Brief History of Smart Transportation Infrastructure
Authors: Oswald Kathleen Frazer
Published: October 2016

Th is article argues that smart transportation—understood as convergences of communication and transportation infrastructure to facilitate movement—has long been manifested in what John Urry has described as nexus systems, or those that require many elements to work synchronously.1 Understanding smart infrastructures as those aligning with twenty-first-century sensibilities concerning technology, convenience, safety, and security, I demonstrate a longer trajectory for this seemingly new trend in three cases: (1) the synchronization of the train with the telegraph, (2) the organization of early automobility, and (3) information-rich/connected automobility and the driverless car. Rethinking smart infrastructure historically reveals a long-existing tendency rather than a new one to manage movement via communication technologies.
Adaptive dynamical networks
Authors: Maslennikov O V , Nekorkin V I
Published: October 2016

Dynamical networks are systems of active elements (nodes) interacting with each other through links. Examples are power grids, neural structures, coupled chemical oscillators, and communications networks, all of which are characterized by a networked structure and intrinsic dynamics of their interacting components. If the coupling structure of a dynamical network can change over time due to nodal dynamics, then such a system is called an adaptive dynamical network. The term ‘adaptive’ implies that the coupling topology can be rewired; the term ‘dynamical’ implies the presence of internal node and link dynamics. The main results of research on adaptive dynamical networks are reviewed. Key notions and definitions of the theory of complex networks are given, and major collective effects that emerge in adaptive dynamical networks are described.
Evolution in the optical detection of magnetization
Authors: Zapasskii V S , Kozlov G G
Published: October 2016

This paper represents an extended version of the talk given at the XVI Feofilov Symposium on the spectroscopy of crystals activated by rare-earth ions and devoted to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding physicist-spectroscopist and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Petr Petrovich Feofilov (Saint-Petersburg, November 9–13, 2015). In this review, we briefly elucidate the development of research on the optical detection of magnetization initiated by P P Feofilov and then carried on by his disciples and followers.
Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Processed Pt-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxides for Counter-Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wan Ting-Hao , Chiu Yi-Fan , Chen Chieh-Wen , Hsu Cheng-Che , Cheng I-Chun , Chen Jian-Zhang
Published: October 2016

Ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) processed Pt-decorated reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) were used as counter-electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pastes containing rGO, ethyl cellulose, terpineol, and chloroplatinic acid were screen-printed and sintered by nitrogen dc-pulse APPJs. Pt nanodots were uniformly distributed on the rGO flakes. When using Pt-decorated rGOs as the counter electrodes of DSSCs, the efficiency of the DSSC first increased and then decreased as the APPJ processing time increased. Nitrogen APPJs can effectively remove organic binders and can reduce chloroplatinic acid to Pt, thereby improving the efficiency of DSSCs. However, over-calcination by APPJ can damage the graphenes and degrade the DSSCs. The addition of Pt mainly improves the fill factor, which thereby increases the efficiency of DSSCs. The optimized APPJ processing time was merely 9 s owing to the vigorous interaction among the rGOs, chloroplatinic acid and nitrogen APPJs.
Early Stage Fine-Root Decomposition and Its Relationship with Root Order and Soil Depth in a Larix gmelinii Plantation
Authors: Sun Tao , Dong Lili , Zhang Lili , Wu Zhijie , Wang Qingkui , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Hongguang , Wang Zhengwen
Published: October 2016

Characterization of decomposition dynamics of fine roots is essential for understanding vegetation–soil feedbacks and predicting ecosystem responses to future climate scenarios, given their more rapid turnover rates. Using a branch-order classification, we separated the fine root systems of Larix gmelinii into two classes: first- and second-order roots combined into one (lower-order); third- and fourth-order roots combined into another (higher-order). In a field experiment, we conducted a litterbag study to investigate fine root decomposition and its relationship with root order class and soil depth over 17 months. Despite their lower C:N ratio and smaller diameter, lower-order roots decomposed more slowly compared with higher-order roots over this period. This pattern also seems to hold true at each different depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) in the soil profile. Our data suggest that the slow decomposition rate of lower-order roots may result from their poor carbon quality. Moreover, we found that the decomposition rates of both lower-order and higher-order roots decreased linearly from 10 cm to 30 cm, which implied that a substantially larger fraction of fine root mass would be stabilized as soil organic carbon in the deeper rather than the upper soil layers.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Related to Protein Signaling Involved in Glucose Homeostasis in a Tissue-Specific Manner
Authors: Parker Lewan , Levinger Itamar , Mousa Aya , Howlett Kirsten , De Courten Barbora
Published: October 2016

Vitamin D has been suggested to play a role in glucose metabolism. However, previous findings are contradictory and mechanistic pathways remain unclear. We examined the relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin sensitivity, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Seventeen healthy adults (Body mass index: 26 ± 4; Age: 30 ± 12 years) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and resting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies. In this cohort, the plasma 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.19, p = 0.56). However, higher plasma 25(OH)D concentrations correlated with lower phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) αSer21 and βSer9 in skeletal muscle (r = −0.66, p = 0.015 and r = −0.53, p = 0.06, respectively) and higher GSK-3 αSer21 and βSer9 phosphorylation in adipose tissue (r = 0.82, p < 0.01 and r = 0.62, p = 0.042, respectively). Furthermore, higher plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with greater phosphorylation of both protein kinase-B (AktSer473) (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1Ser312) (r = 0.71, p = 0.01) in adipose tissue. No associations were found between plasma 25(OH)D concentration and IRS-1Tyr612 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The divergent findings between muscle and adipose tissue with regard to the association between 25(OH)D and insulin signaling proteins may suggest a tissue-specific interaction with varying effects on glucose homeostasis. Further research is required to elucidate the physiological relevance of 25(OH)D in each tissue.
Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Chitosan Film Culture
Authors: Lu Tsai-Jung , Chiu Fang-Yao , Chiu Hsiao-Ying , Chang Ming-Chau , Hung Shih-Chieh
Published: October 2016

Articular cartilage has a very limited capacity for self-repair, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to treat cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. However, in-depth mechanistic studies regarding their applications are required. Here we demonstrated the use of chitosan film culture for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that MSCs formed spheres 2 days after seeding on dishes coated with chitosan. When MSCs were induced in a chondrogenic induction medium on chitosan films, the size of the spheres continuously increased for up to 21 days. Alcian blue staining and immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of chondrogenic proteins, including aggrecan, type II collagen, and type X collagen at 14 and 21 days of differentiation. Importantly, chitosan, with a medium molecular weight (size: 190–310 kDa), was more suitable than other sizes for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in terms of sphere size and expression of chondrogenic proteins and endochondral markers. We identified that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and its downstream S6 kinase (S6K)/S6 were activated in chitosan film culture compared to that of monolayer culture. The activation of mTOR/S6K was continuously upregulated from days 2 to 7 of differentiation. Furthermore, we found that mTOR/S6K signaling was required for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in chitosan film culture through rapamycin treatment and mTOR knockdown. In conclusion, we showed the suitability of chitosan film culture for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and its potential in the development of new strategies in cartilage tissue engineering.
miR-326 Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Growth Through Downregulating NOB1
Authors: Ji Sheqing , Zhang Bin , Kong Ye , Ma Fei , Hua Yawei
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). The discovery of miRNAs may provide a new and powerful tool for studying the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of GC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the
role of miR-326 in the development and progression of GC. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure the expression level of miR-326 in GC tissues and cell lines. We found that miR-326 was significantly downregulated during GC. In addition, overexpression of miR-326 inhibited GC cell proliferation.
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) further showed that miR-326 significantly induced GC cell G2/M arrest. Subsequent dual-luciferase reporter assay identified one of the proto-oncogene NOB1 as a direct target of miR-326, and NOB1 can save growth inhibition caused by miR-326.
We also confirmed that the growth inhibition caused by miR-326 is associated with AKT pathway activation. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-326 could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic option for GC in the near future.
FAR-INFRARED LINE SPECTRA OF ACTIVE GALAXIES FROM THE HERSCHEL/PACS SPECTROMETER: THE COMPLETE DATABASE
Authors: Fernández-Ontiveros Juan Antonio , Spinoglio Luigi , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Malkan Matthew A. , Andreani Paola , Dasyra Kalliopi M.
Published: October 2016

We present a coherent database of spectroscopic observations of far-IR fine-structure lines from the Herschel/Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer archive for a sample of 170 local active galactic nuclei (AGNs), plus a comparison sample of 20 starburst galaxies and 43 dwarf galaxies. Published Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/SPIRE line fluxes are included to extend our database to the full 10–600 μm spectral range. The observations are compared to a set of Cloudy photoionization models to estimate the above physical quantities through different diagnostic diagrams. We confirm the presence of a stratification of gas density in the emission regions of the galaxies, which increases with the ionization potential of the emission lines. The new [O iv]

/[O iii]

versus [Ne iii]

/[Ne ii]

diagram is proposed as the best diagnostic to separate (1) AGN activity from any kind of star formation and (2) low-metallicity dwarf galaxies from starburst galaxies. Current stellar atmosphere models fail to reproduce the observed [O iv]

/[O iii]

ratios, which are much higher when compared to the predicted values. Finally, the ([Ne iii]

+ [Ne ii]

)/([S iv]

+[S iii]

) ratio is proposed as a promising metallicity tracer to be used in obscured objects, where optical lines fail to accurately measure the metallicity. The diagnostic power of mid- to far-infrared spectroscopy shown here for local galaxies will be of crucial importance to study galaxy evolution during the dust-obscured phase at the peak of the star formation and black hole accretion activity (

). This study will be addressed by future deep spectroscopic surveys with present and forthcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics.
De la caractérisation à la comparaison des systèmes de télémédecine : implications méthodologiques
Authors: Gallois Florence , Rauly Amandine
Published: October 2016

La télémédecine en tant que pratique de la médecine à distance,   via les technologies de l’information et de la communication, est plébiscitée par les organisations de coopération internationale que sont l’OMS et l’OCDE. La télémédecine est alors présentée comme un moyen d’améliorer l’efficience et la performance des systèmes de santé de leurs pays membres, indépendamment de la configuration du système. Pourtant, aucun de ces organismes ne caractérise précisément latélémédecine au regard de la place qu’elle occupe au sein du système de santé. Nous proposons de présenter une méthodologie de caractérisation d’un système de télémédecine, à même mettre en relation production de télémédecine et configuration institutionnelle, en vue de soutenir une comparaison internationale.
Entre français calédonien et langue kanak : quelle place pour le tayo ? Une approche écolinguistique
Authors: Ehrhart Sabine
Published: October 2016

Le tayo de Saint-Louis est une langue de Nouvelle-Calédonie avec une croissance exceptionnelle à cause de sa situation sociolinguistique privilégiée comme langue d’une communauté scolaire qui s’est transformée en principal système de communication pour la communauté tribale. Après les premières recherches sur les structures grammaticales de cette langue (Ehrhart 1993), j’avais étudié son statut sociolinguistique et sa matrice sociale (Ehrhart 2012). Les créoles ne sont pas une catégorie de langues à part mais des langues dans lesquelles le contact avec d’autres cultures et communautés linguistiques a joué un rôle particulièrement important et a laissé des traces particulièrement visibles. C’est ainsi que j’ai été amenée à définir le tayo, d’une part, comme une forme « extrême » du français calédonien et, d’autre part, comme l’une des langues kanak du pays.
Diastratismes et réallocation des variantes : français d’Amérique et de Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Thibault André
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose un relevé systématique, comparatif et analytique des correspondances entre les régionalismes présents en Nouvelle-Calédonie, d’une part, et ceux qui caractérisent les français d’Amérique (laurentien, acadien et louisianais) ainsi que le continuum créole/français antillais, d’autre part. Il identifie un certain nombre d’archaïsmes, mais aussi d’innovations communes, et se penche en particulier sur les diastratismes ayant connu des processus de réallocation dans les variétés d’outre-mer. En conclusion, le français de Nouvelle-Calédonie apparaît comme la « dernière frontière » d’un ex-empire colonial peuplé d’expatriés qui se sont construit une norme à eux, bien loin du carcan normatif de la métropole.
Posterior Wall Fracture-Dislocation With Traumatic Abductor Avulsion
Authors: Urchek Ryan , Miller Eric
Published: October 2016

The typical injury pattern of a posterior hip dislocation includes posterior wall fracture, capsular injury, and muscular strain. This report presents an example of a posterior wall acetabulum fracture-dislocation associated with complete hip abductor tendon and capsular avulsion from the femur. The patient was found to have an unstable hip despite a small posterior wall fragment due to the extensive soft tissue injury. This was repaired. The patient had improvement in function initially, but ultimately required repair of the hip abductor tendons. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of this specific injury in the literature. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e179–e181.]
Eden-Hybinette and Pectoralis Major Transfer for Recurrent Shoulder Instability Due to Failed Latarjet and Chronic Subscapularis Rupture
Authors: Li Xinning , Cusano Antonio , Eichinger Josef
Published: October 2016

Shoulder dislocations are a common injury, with anterior shoulder dislocation among male patients being the most common presentation. A patient with recurrent shoulder instability, anterior-superior escape, and chronic subscapularis tendon rupture following multiple shoulder stabilization surgeries presents the surgeon with a complex and challenging case. This report describes a 40-year-old man with an extensive left shoulder history that included a failed Latarjet procedure, an irreparable, chronic subscapularis tear with grade 4 Goutallier fatty infiltration, and associated anterior-superior escape. Given his marked dysfunction, weakness, pain, and recurrent instability in the absence of glenohumeral arthritis, he underwent an open Eden-Hybinette procedure (iliac crest autograft), a pectoralis major transfer, and an anterior capsule repair. The patient returned to his previous work activities without limitations. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a combination of anterior glenoid bone grafting with a full pectoralis major muscle transfer for a patient with chronic subscapularis rupture and anterior-superior escape after a failed Latarjet procedure with minimum glenoid bone loss. Furthermore, the authors provide a biomechanical rationale for the reconstruction used for this problem. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e182–e187.]
Biomechanical and Cost Comparisons of Near-Far and Pin-Bar Constructs
Authors: Whitney Kluk Augusta , Zhang Tina , Russell Joseph P. , Kim Hyunchul , Hsieh Adam H. , O'Toole Robert V.
Published: October 2016

Orthopedic dogma states that external fixator stiffness is improved by placing 1 pin close to the fracture and 1 as distant as possible (“near-far”). This fixator construct is thought to be less expensive than placing pins a shorter distance apart and using “pin-bar” clamps that attach pins to outriggers. The authors therefore hypothesized that the near-far construct is stiffer and less expensive. They compared mechanical stiffness and costs of near-far and pin-bar constructs commonly used for temporary external fixation of femoral shaft fractures. Their testing model simulated femoral shaft fractures in damage control situations. Fourth-generation synthetic femora (n=18) were used. The near-far construct had 2 pins that were 106 mm apart, placed 25 mm from the gap on each side of the fracture. The pin-bar construct pins were 55 mm apart, placed 40 mm from the gap. Mechanical testing was performed on a material test system machine. Stiffness was determined in the linear portion of the load-displacement curve for both constructs in 4 modes: axial compression, torsional loading, frontal plane 3-point bending, and sagittal plane 3-point bending. Costs were determined from a 2012 price guide. Compared with the near-far construct, the pin-bar construct had stiffness increased by 58% in axial compression (
P
<.05) and by 52% in torsional loading (
P
<.05). The pin-bar construct increased cost by 11%. In contrast to the authors' hypothesis and existing orthopedic dogma, the near-far construct was less stiff than the pin-bar construct and was similarly priced. Use of the pin-bar construct is mechanically and economically reasonable. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e238–e241.]
Glenoid Reconstruction With Distal Tibia Allograft for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: October 2016

Anterior glenoid bone loss is present in nearly all cases of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Treating glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent instability is challenging, and often, soft tissue stabilization procedures in isolation are inadequate. The nonanatomic, incongruous joint resulting from most bony augmentation procedures has motivated investigators to find an alternative solution. Recently, the use of fresh distal tibia allograft has been reported as an anatomic, osteoarticular reconstructive option for restoring the glenoid arc and maintaining glenohumeral congruency. This article describes the surgical technique for glenoid reconstruction with distal tibia allograft for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e199–e205.]
Identification and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children in Primary Care
Authors: Dillon-Naftolin Erin
Published: October 2016

Youth with anxiety often present to their pediatricians with a chief complaint of physical symptoms without any mention of anxiety or worry. Even in the absence of reported symptoms of anxiety in such presentations, screening for an anxiety disorder as the potential source of the somatic complaints should be pursued. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common disorder characterized by excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events coupled with at least one physical symptom. GAD is commonly underdiagnosed and treated. Consequently, many youth undergo extensive medical testing in search of a cause for their somatic symptoms before anxiety is considered. It is important to screen for anxiety early in the process of evaluating somatic complaints. This review highlights the evidence base for identifying and treating GAD in children and provides an update on its epidemiology and etiology.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2016;45(10):e349–e355.]
Social-Emotional Development: Quirky or Time to Worry?
Authors: Kimball Valerie
Published: October 2016

Primary care pediatricians spend a significant amount of time discussing and answering questions from parents regarding the behavior of their children. Although a majority of young children present with developmentally appropriate behavior, it is important that primary care pediatricians recognize concerning conduct that may be suggestive of a behavior or emotional disorder. It is important that social-emotional development is closely monitored in conjunction with physical and cognitive growth and development at each well visit.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(10):e337–e339.]
Factors affecting time of access of in-patient care at Webuye District hospital, Kenya
Authors: Lodenyo Maxwell M. , Otsyula Barasa K. , Downing Raymond , Yakubu Kenneth , Miima Miriam , Ifeyinwa Okoye
Published: October 2016

Background: Among many Kenyan rural communities, access to in-patient healthcare services is seriously constrained. It is important to understand who has ready access to the facilities and services offered and what factors prevent those who do not from doing so.Aim: To identify factors affecting time of access of in-patient healthcare services at a rural district hospital in Kenya.Setting: Webuye District hospital in Western Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative, hospital-based survey among 398 in-patients using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results were analysed using SPSS V.12.01.Results: The median age of the respondents, majority of whom were female respondents(55%), was 24 years. Median time of presentation to the hospital after onset of illness was 12.5 days. Two hundred and forty seven patients (62%) presented to the hospital within 2 weeks of onset of illness, while 151 (38%) presented after 2 weeks or more. Ten-year increase in age, perception of a supernatural cause of illness, having an illness that was considered bearable and belief in the effectiveness of treatment offered in-hospital were significant predictors for waiting more than 2 weeks to present at the hospital.Conclusion: Ten-year increment in age, perception of a supernatural cause of illness(predisposing factors), having an illness that is considered bearable and belief in the effectiveness of treatment offered in-hospital (need factors) affect time of access of in-patient healthcare services in the community served by Webuye District hospital and should inform interventions geared towards improving access.
Comparison of physicochemical properties of selected locally available legume varieties (mung bean, cowpea and soybean)
Authors: Gunathilake Kulasooriyage Tharuka , Herath Theja , Wansapala Jagath
Published: October 2016

Grain legumes are widely used as high-protein contained crops that play a secondary role to cereal or root crops. In Sri Lanka various legume species are cultivated and often utilised in the whole grain boiled form. The objective of present study was to analyse and compare locally grown legumes varieties; Mung bean (MI 5, MI 6), Cowpea (Bombay, Waruni, Dhawal, MICP1, ANKCP1) and soybean (pb1, MISB1) for their morphological characteristics, proximate and mineral composition (Fe, Ca, Zn, K, P). Seed shape, seed coat texture and colour, seed size and 100 seed weight (g) were observed morphological characteristics in present study. Most of the characteristics of mung bean and soybean were similar within their species whereas characteristics of cowpea varieties largely differed. Values of 100 seed weight among the varieties of mung bean, soybean and cowpea were ranged from 5.8 - 6.5 g, 13.5 - 14.1 g and 13.4 - 17.2 g, respectively. The moisture content of all legume seeds ranged from 6.81% to 11.99%. Results were shown that the protein content significantly higher in soybean (36.56 - 39.70%) followed by mung bean (26.56 - 25.99%) and cowpea (25.22 - 22.84%) respectively. Range of total carbohydrate, crude fat, crude fibre and total ash contents of nine legume varieties varied from 15.29 - 62.97%, 1.25 - 22.02%, 3.04 - 7.93% and 3.43 - 6.35 respectively. potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) ranged from 1000 - 1900, 360 - 669, 15.0 - 192.3, 2.26 - 11.6 and 1.67 - 4.26 mg.100g-1 respectively in all the species of studied legume varieties. The wide variation in the chemical and physical properties of observed nine legume varieties, suggesting possible applications for various end-use products.
Shelf life extension and sensory evaluation of birch tree sap using chemical preservatives
Authors: Bilek Maciej , Vietoris Vladí­mir , Ilko Vojtech
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the stability of the birch tree sap, depending on the addition and concentration of two chemical factors, ie. potassium sorbate and acids: malic, citric or lactic. As in our previous studies we found that the optimal physical parameter to assess the stability of birch sap is turbidity measurement, we used turbidimeter for estimate the effectiveness of shelf life extending. Sensory evaluation was carried out by university sensory panel with 8 skilled people (students and teachers) with pre-selection and basic training of sensory methodology. On the other hand artificial perception measurements were realized by electronic nose. Birch tree sap stability without addition of preservatives, both room temperature and refrigerated, is less than three days. The effectiveness of preservation of birch tree sap depends on the concentration of acids. Independently of storage temperature, samples that received stability during the whole one-month storage period, were those with potassium sorbate and three acids in the highest concentrations, ie. malic acid at 0.3%, citric acid at 0.5% and lactic acid at 0.5%. Unfortunately, concentrations of acids, which allow extension of shelf life at least for one month in a room temperature, are characterized by the worst sensory evaluation rating. Thus, they should be corrected by the use of additives for improving the flavor, such as fruit syrups or herbal extracts. On the other hand, additionally storage in a refrigerated conditions allows one-month-stability for the sample with the highest sensory evaluation rating, ie. with the addition of lactic acid at 0.1% and potassium sorbate, which taste not need to be corrected.
The Role of Islamic Banks in the Development of the Jordanian Economy-"Exploratory Study on Arab Islamic Bank"
Authors: Al-Sharif Bader Mustafa
Published: October 2016

This study aimed to identify the role of Islamic banks in the development of the Jordanian economy. The study population consisted of public administration and branches of the Arab Islamic Bank. The study sample consisted of (85) customer relationship officers and (30) corporate service officers with a total (115) questionnaires distributed on all respondents. Descriptive approach of means and standard deviation was used; also Simple Regression was used to measure the impact of the role of Islamic banks in the development of the Jordanian economy.Among the most important findings of the study that Islamic banks have a medium level role in the development of the Jordanian economy and the development of the industrial sector, and it was clear that at Islamic banks have low level role with negative impact on the development of agricultural sector. The findings have also revealed that Islamic banks develop the construction sector at a high level.The study recommended the need to overcome the problems faced by agricultural and industrial entrepreneurs by Islamic banks in order to get farmers and manufacturers to get the funds necessary for them as this raises the level of development of the Jordanian economy.
Habilidades Sociais e Vivência Acadêmica de Estudantes Universitários
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Mourão Luciana , Dos Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli , Mello Thatiana Valory dos Santos
Published: October 2016

O estudo objetivou caracterizar os universitários quanto ao repertório de habilidades sociais e àvivência acadêmica, examinando a correlação entre tais variáveis e comparando as diferenças porgênero e curso. Participaram 202 alunos de Informática e Psicologia, com idades entre 16 e 49 anos(M = 22,84; DP = 5,92), sendo 75,6% (n = 146) homens, que responderam ao Questionário deVivência Acadêmica – reduzido, Escala de Avaliação da Vida Acadêmica e Inventário de HabilidadesSociais. Os resultados indicaram percepção moderada da vivência acadêmica e do repertório dehabilidades sociais e correlações de baixa magnitude entre essas variáveis. Diferenças entre os cursose entre os sexos foram identificadas. Os achados são discutidos com base na literatura e novaspesquisas são sugeridas.
Relação entre a Renda Mensal e o Desejo de Ter Filhos Procurados no Parceiro Afetivo por Homens e Mulheres Homossexuais e Heterossexuais
Authors: Henriques Alda Loureiro , Leão Karina Nunes , Ayres Tsutsumi Myenne Mieko
Published: October 2016

A eficácia do desempenho sexual, de um modo geral, depende de uma seleção rigorosa de parceirosfeita pelos membros de cada espécie. Entre os humanos, o critério financeiro é um dos aspectos quecaracterizam a diferença sexual na seleção de parceiros. Contudo, o comportamento sexual não podeser definido apenas pelos aspectos característicos de pessoas heterossexuais, pois também existemrelacionamentos homossexuais. A partir desta perspectiva, investigou-se, através de um website, aspreferências de homossexuais e heterossexuais por renda mensal e desejo de ter filhos no parceiro.Constatou-se que os heterossexuais desejam mais ter filhos do que os homossexuais. Além disso, paraambas as orientações, a “renda mensal” não demonstrou ser um critério seletivo na hora de escolherum parceiro.
Uma Revisão de Literatura sobre a Definição de Projeto de Vida na Adolescência
Authors: Dellazzana-Zanon Letícia Lovato , Freitas Lia Beatriz De Lucca
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura de artigos sobre projetos de vida na adolescência produzidos de 2000 até 2012 a fim de investigar se pesquisadores interessados na temática apresentam ou não uma definição de projeto de vida e, em caso afirmativo, quais são essas definições. Realizou-se a busca dos artigos na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e no PsychNet da American Psychological Association. Consideraram-se apenas os artigos empíricos disponíveis online na íntegra. Identificaram-se 22 artigos. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos estudos (63,6%) não apresenta uma definição explícita de projeto de vida. Quando isto ocorre, observou-se que existe uma multiplicidade de definições. Entretanto, observaram-se alguns aspectos comuns entre as considerações sobre projetos de vida nos artigos encontrados.
A Importância de Moisés: Ponto de Encontro da Cultura, do Judaísmo e da Psicanálise
Authors: Fridman Aline Vieira
Published: October 2016

O artigo discute o papel de Moisés no Judaísmo à luz da reconstrução histórica de Freud (1939/2004) e de suas análises da força e permanência desta cultura e de sua tradição. Com esse personagem articulador, Freud elabora sua teoria da tradição e da transmissão, afirmando e forjando seu edifício conceitual, sobre os fenômenos sociais, em analogia com suas observações das psicanálises (individuais) que conduziu. Cotejando a versão freudiana, a versão exegética (Sellin, 1922, citado em Freud, 1939/2004), e a versão da Torá desse legislador, e tomando contradições e inconsistências pululantes na jornada do grande profeta, o artigo procura mostrar como desse personagem e de seu acontecer-histórico (die Geschichte) se derivam importantes consequências para a história primordial (die Urgeschichte) da cultura, dos monoteísmos e da própria clínica da subjetividade.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS RAÍZES DE LINHO (Linum usitatissimum L.) EM DOIS ANOS DE CULTIVO SOBRE CAMBISSOLO HÚMICO
Authors: Kohn Letícia Salvi , Carducci Carla Eloize , Silva Kristem Do Carmo Rosa , Barbosa Jânio Dos Santos , Fucks Jonathan Dos Santos , Benevenute Pedro Antônio Namorato
Published: October 2016

A linhaça, semente proveniente do linho, é uma oleaginosa que possui duas variedades: marrom e dourada. Seu cultivo é uma alternativa altamente rentável. É fundamental a avaliação das raízes das culturas para o entendimento do sistema agrícola, porém, o sistema radicular da linhaça ainda é pouco estudado. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar o sistema radicular de duas variedades de linhaça em dois anos de cultivo. O sistema radicular foi avaliado pelo método da trincheira, onde foram obtidas imagens do perfil do solo sob um gride de amostragem, com posterior processamento das mesmas com o uso do programa Safira para obter as variáveis de diâmetro e comprimento. Para descrever a variabilidade observada e indicar a imprecisão dos dados obtidos, foi utilizada a média e o erro padrão da média. No ano de 2014 a linhaça teve boa produtividade e bom desenvolvimento radicular, já em 2015, a produtividade foi afetada negativamente pelo excesso de precipitação, bem como suas raízes.