bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible origin of Mars-crossing asteroids and related dynamical properties of inner main-belt asteroids
Authors: Liu Shanhong , Wang Xin , Han Yilong , Hou Xiyun , Yan Jianguo , Cao Jianfeng , Gao Jian , Li Xie
Published: November 2024

Context. The orbital element distribution of the inner main belt (IMB) provides clues to the origin of the main-belt asteroids. Mars-crossing asteroids (MCAs) and near-Earth objects (NEOs) can provide some references to validate and improve theoretical models of the IMB evolution.

Aims. With the updated Asteroid Families Portal database, we analyzed the distribution of orbital elements and the dynamic completeness limit of IMB asteroids. By incorporating larger and more diverse datasets, the study seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the IMB and MCAs origin and evolution.

Methods. We fitted the completeness-limit magnitude for the IMB. The size frequency and albedo distribution were used to analyze the family characteristics. The role of chaotic effects in the dynamic evolution of IMB and MCAs is further quantified by simulations.

Results. An albedo analysis showed that some halo asteroids may have originated from family asteroids, whereas the remaining non-family asteroids (14%) are likely to be members of a potential ghost family. We estimated the chaotic diffusion of asteroid orbits considering 1M/2A mean motion resonance. The eccentricity diffusion rate is estimated to be 0.45 and the inclination diffusion rate is 0.4 for resonant asteroids. The loss rate of MCAs IIMC(17.6) = 24.13 Myr−1, while the loss rate of the IMB asteroids due to the chaotic diffusion is 0.2648 Myr−1, which represents only 1.1% of MCAs. This indicates that chaotic diffusion has a limited capacity to replenish MCAs. However, for the large MCAs, a loss rate of IIMC(12) = 0.2646 Myr−1 was observed. This suggests that the large MCAs (H < 12) are in the dynamic equilibrium, primarily evolving through chaotic diffusion.
The High-resolution Accretion Disks of Embedded protoStars (HADES) simulations
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Tan Jonathan C. , Rosen Anna L. , Kuiper Rolf
Published: November 2024

How embedded, actively accreting low-mass protostars accrete mass is still greatly debated. Observations are now piecing together the puzzle of embedded protostellar accretion, in particular with new facilities in the near-infrared. However, high-resolution theoretical models are still lacking, with a stark paucity of detailed simulations of these early phases. Here, we present high-resolution nonideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a solar mass protostar accreting at rates exceeding 10−6 M⊙ yr−1. We show the results of the accretion flow for four different protostellar magnetic fields, 10 G, 500 G, 1 kG, and 2 kG, combined with a disk magnetic field. For weaker (10 G and 500 G) protostar magnetic fields, accretion occurs via a turbulent boundary layer mode, with disk material impacting the protostar surface at a wide range of latitudes. In the 500 G model, the presence of a magnetically dominated outflow focuses the accretion toward the equator, slightly enhancing and ordering the accretion. For kilogauss magnetic fields, the disk becomes truncated due to the protostellar dipole and exhibits magnetospheric accretion, with the 2 kG model having accretion bursts induced by the interchange instability. We present bolometric light curves for the models and find that they reproduce observations of Class I protostars from YSOVAR, with high bursts followed by an exponential decay possibly being a signature of instability-driven accretion. Finally, we present the filling fractions of accretion and find that 90% of the mass is accreted in a surface area fraction of 10–20%. These simulations will be extended in future work for a broader parameter space, with their high resolution and high temporal spacing able to explore a wide range of interesting protostellar physics.
Air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases: A modern challenge for sustainable urban mobility
Authors: Palantzas Andreas , Beltsiou Vasiliki
Published: November 2024

Uncontrolled urbanisation and continued population growth are increasing air pollution levels and the burden of chronic respiratory diseases. The transport sector is responsible for a quarter of total emissions. A shift towards sustainable transport solutions is needed to reduce high concentrations of air pollutants that are harmful to human health. This review examines the role of urban planning and transport on respiratory health. A literature review was conducted on the challenges facing urban planning and urban design to reduce air pollution and prevent chronic respiratory diseases. The main search sources were via Science Direct, Pub Med and The Lancet journal, using keywords such as “sustainable urban mobility”, “urban planning”, “air pollution”, “chronic respiratory diseases”, “green infrastructure” and “15-minute city”. The recent literature shows that there are no definitive results on how the built and natural environment contributes to the worsening of chronic respiratory diseases. There are a variety of factors and parameters that interact with respiratory diseases and vary from study to study. However, the 15-minute city concept, walkable neighbourhoods and green infrastructure have been proposed for their benefits to human health and well- being. These urban planning approaches promote active mobility and reduce pollution from transport. As mentioned it is important to adhere to the strict air quality guidelines set by the World Health Organization and European Union. So, integrated policies for sustainable cities require cooperation and participation of all stakeholders in decision- making. Having a holistic approach, strategies can be implemented to mitigate the effects of air pollution aimed at health-promoting urban planning
What makes housing more vulnerable to pandemics? A Review of Post-Covid19 literature
Authors: Mazri Mouna , Ferhati Koudoua
Published: November 2024

While the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly heightened awareness of vulnerabilities within residential buildings, this study, applying a systematic literature review methodology, aims to identify the primary factors contributing to vulnerability in housing. Focusing on potential factors that impact the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a comprehensive search conducted on the Scopus database and other citation sources was explored using the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. The selected literature was analyzed to extract a set of vulnerability indicators, categorized into three dimensions of vulnerability: exposure (E), sensitivity (S), and adaptability (A). The first dimension involves external factors that affect housing quality and can be identified at the neighborhood scale, such as urban density, connectivity, land use, and environmental quality. Indicators measuring occupancy, closeness features, and contagious materials inside the dwelling concern the sensitive dimension, as they are related to indoor space characteristics that are likely to facilitate virus transmission. The adaptability-based vulnerability expresses the adaptive capacity of housing to overcome the pandemic, emphasizing layout design and surrounding spaces for better prevention, human comfort, and wellbeing. These vulnerability indicators underscore the importance of establishing building epidemic prevention standards and integrating epidemic prevention into the architectural planning and design phases.
Public Attitude Towards Ecology of Visitors of Ecological Spaces and The Role of Such Spaces in The Formation of Environmentally Responsible Attitudes
Authors: Rusakova Maya , Tkach Sergey , Shaikhieva Alina
Published: November 2024

The main scope of the study was to identify the public attitudes of visitors of ecology- friendly spaces towards ecology and the role of such public spaces in the formation of these attitudes and environmentally oriented practices. The data collection method used was an offline questionnaire and an online survey, in which 342 people took part. For the analysis, the construction of a least squares regression model was used. The main theoretical model was the theoretical approach of humanistic realism of J.-P. Sartre and the grassroots theory of change as interpreted by Chetkovich C. A., Kunreuther F. The results show that about half of the respondents strive for an environmentally friendly lifestyle, sometimes visit organizations, but rarely support their activities financially. Just over a third have some environmental habits, but do not visit or support organizations financially, and a quarter of respondents are frequent visitors to environmental organizations and support their activities financially. It can also be concluded that respondents visit the eco-center because they try to lead an environmentally friendly lifestyle. The findings allow us to formulate a number of recommendations for city authorities in organizing an environmentally oriented policy that would take into account existing ties in the community.
Views and attitudes of primary school students regarding water conservation in the municipality of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Tsiaras Stefanos , Chavenetidou Marina
Published: November 2024

Environmental education contributes to raising students’ awareness of environmental issues. When they deal with environmental problems from an early age, children develop a high level of knowledge about the environment and adopt a responsible attitude towards it. Water scarcity is a major environmental problem, and environmental education programs can help young students better understand the issue, create a positive attitude towards water conservation, and increase their awareness. This work aimed to investigate the views and attitudes of primary school children regarding water conservation through questionnaires. The research took place in the Municipality of Thessaloniki, Greece, in the context of implementing a voluntary educational action aimed at environmental awareness. The students evaluated what they attended during the activity, and they expressed great interest in the topic, while most of them responded that they conserve water in their households. The research proved a need to create targeted environmental programs for water to increase young students’ awareness of saving water. The students who participated in the activity were delighted and generally comprehended the principles and the importance of water conservation in daily life, participating actively during the presentation with pertinent questions. The educational action demonstrated that environmental education has great potential and can raise the students’ awareness towards significant environmental challenges.
Variability in Triggers for Mechanical Left Ventricular Unloading in VA-ECMO: A Literature Search
Authors: Calhoun Anthony , Lee Min-Ho , Pisano Dominic , Karavas Alexandros , Ortoleva Jamel
Published: November 2024

Background: Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a means of supporting the lungs or the heart and lungs in patients with hemodynamic compromise that is refractory to conventional measures. VA-ECMO is most commonly deployed in a percutaneous fashion with femoral arterial and venous access. While VA-ECMO, particularly in a femoral-femoral configuration, provides both hemodynamic and ventilatory support, it also causes increased afterload on the left ventricle (LV) which in turn may result in LV distension (LVD). LV thrombus formation, ventricular arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage are clinical manifestations of LVD. LV unloading is a means of preventing LVD and its sequelae. If less invasive methods fail to achieve adequate LV unloading, invasive mechanical methods are pursued such as intra-aortic balloon pump counter pulsation, atrial septostomy, surgical venting, left atrial cannulation and percutaneous transvalvular micro-axial pump placement. Methods: We sought to review indicators of LVD, thresholds and options of mechanical venting strategies. A Pubmed search was performed to identify current literature pertaining to LV unloading for VA ECMO. This was categorized and summarized to determine commonly reported thresholds for mechanical LV unloading. Results: Multiple physiologic and radiographic indicators were reported without uniformity. Common indicators included increased pulmonary artery catheter pressures, decreased Aortic Line Pulse Pressure, as well as multiple Echocardiographic, and radiographic indicators. Conclusion: Although there has been significant interest in the topic, there is currently limited uniformity in thresholds for when to initiate and escalate mechanical LV unloading. While the method of LV unloading is an active area of investigation, the threshold for which to initiate invasive venting strategies is largely unexplored.
The Impact of Venous Stenting on Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: Mandloi Shreya , Nisar Areeba , Shing Samuel R. , Kahn Chase , Benedict Peter A. , Duffy Alexander , Naamani Kareem E. , Bray David , Gooch M Reid , Toskala Elina , Evans James , Farrell Christopher , Rosen Marc , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Yuan Hsiangkuo , Nyquist Gurston G.
Published: November 2024

Background Elevated intracranial pressure can cause skull base defects and a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with a CSF leak in the setting of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). There is a lack of literature on symptomatology and quality of life (QOL) after VSS for IIH patients with a CSF leak. This study explores the effects of VSS on symptoms and QOL in IIH patients with a CSF leak.

Methods This is a retrospective study on patients who have IIH complicated by a CSF leak and underwent VSS. A QOL questionnaire was developed from the migraine disability assessment test and the PROMIS-PI was given to patients included in this study.

Results A total of 10 patients were included in this study. Nine patients underwent endoscopic closure of CSF prior to stent placement and one patient was treated with VSS only. There was no evidence of CSF leak recurrence in this population following VSS. Headaches improved in 5/8, tinnitus in 5/6, and visual disturbance in 4/5 patients. Diamox was discontinued in seven out of eight patients after VSS. There was an improvement in headache-specific questions (p = 0.0140) and overall QOL (p = 0.0061) on the QOL questionnaire.

Discussion This preliminary study demonstrates that VSS is effective in alleviating many symptoms in IIH patients with a CSF leak, especially headaches. Diamox may be able to be discontinued in many patients following VSS. No CSF leak recurrence was noted in this patient population.
Challenges in Management of the Adult Vascular Anomalies Population: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Strain David , Nelson Kari J.
Published: November 2024

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a group of rare diseases affecting 0.01 to 0.02% of the population. VA may be associated with complex disorders affecting multiple organ systems, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Multidisciplinary clinics are most frequently affiliated with pediatric centers. Multidisciplinary clinics in the adult setting are rare. Many adult VA patients find it difficult to establish care with individual providers, let alone a multidisciplinary clinic, leading to barriers to lifelong comprehensive care.
Spindle Cell Variant of Rhabdomyosarcoma: An Aggressive Clinical Case of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Poojari Mayadevi , Madabhavi Irappa
Published: November 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant, soft tissue neoplasm consisting of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme that exhibit a profound tendency to myogenesis. Historically, the spindle cell and sclerosing variants were subcategorized under embryonal type RMS. Spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (S-ScRMS) was recently recognized in 2013 by the World Health Organization as a stand-alone entity. Current data support that certain S-ScRMS cases have a more aggressive clinical course with a reduction of long-term survival, and those found in the head and neck region often exhibit extensive local recurrence. Here, we highlight an aggressive clinical course of S-ScRMS by presenting a case of a 7-year-old male child who presented with complaints of swelling in left cheek since 15 to 20 days. It was associated with pain. He was diagnosed as S-ScRMS and received chemotherapy but the disease was aggressive and progressed on chemotherapy. He received radiation but still the disease was inoperable, hence was kept on supportive care.
Early Endocrine and Metabolic Complications in Childhood Cancer Survivors—Experience from a Tertiary Care Pediatric Oncology Center in South India
Authors: Jeevarathnam Dhivyalakshmi , Jayaraman Dhaarani , Tamilselvan Santhini Thanga , Sowmya Devaram , Sneha Latha M. , Scott Julius Xavier
Published: November 2024

Background Endocrine abnormalities and metabolic complications remain one of the common late effects after cancer therapy in children. Data on the incidence and pattern of complications would help to guide appropriate monitoring and treatment of childhood cancer survivors.

Methods, Aims, and Objectives Purpose of study is to determine endocrine and metabolic effects in childhood cancer survivors including both hematological malignancies and solid tumors due to cancer per se and treatment-related, including different chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy.

Results Among 97 participants, 84 children (84.5%) had at least one endocrine or metabolic complication; 41 children (42.3%) had more than two endocrine/metabolic complications. Common endocrine complications included precocious puberty (6.2%), short stature (6.2%), and hypothyroidism (5.1%). Among metabolic complications, dyslipidemia was the highest with an incidence of 68%, followed by fasting hyperinsulinism (32%), diastolic hypertension (18.6%), systolic hypertension (11.3%), obesity (8.8%), and metabolic syndrome (8.2%) and impaired fasting glucose (4.1%).

Among endocrine complications, there was a significant increase in incidence of hypothyroidism among children receiving radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 7.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–46.2), and among metabolic complications, a significant increase in incidence of metabolic syndrome in children treated with L-asparaginase compared with those not treated with L-asparaginase was observed (OR: 5.61, 95% CI: 1.07–29.5). There was no significant difference between incidence of observed endocrine and metabolic complications based on type of tumor, gender, and puberty status of study participants.

Conclusion This study suggests that there is significant incidence of endocrine and metabolic complications in childhood cancer survivors, hence timely and appropriate recognition of these complications by appropriate screening recommendations and pursuing further endocrine evaluation rationally is needed.
Mixing properties of Fe–Si alloys in liquid state based on linear temperature dependent energy parameters
Authors: Mehta U. , Poddar B. , Yadav S. K. , Adhikari D.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical analysis of the thermodynamic, structural, and surface properties of liquid Fe–Si alloys has been conducted at various elevated temperatures using R–K polynomials. The thermodynamic parameters, including the free energy of mixing, heat of mixing, entropy of mixing, and activity of the components in Fe–Si alloys, were found to be in excellent agreement with the relevant experimental values. The structural behavior of the alloys indicates that the alloy has an ordering nature. Strongly ordered alloys produce more stable and homogeneous joints, which is desirable in welding. In addition, it was found that the surface tension of the alloy reduces as the temperature increases. The surface concentration of silicon was determined to be higher than the surface concentration of iron.
A CNN-LSTM model for predicting wind speed in non-stationary wind fields in mountainous areas based on wavelet transform and adaptive programming
Authors: Pei Cheng , Bao Yuxuan , Zhang Xiaomin , Cheng Xiaokang , Feng Jun
Published: November 2024

Improving the accuracy of wind speed prediction is crucial for engineering applications and disaster warning due to the highly unstable and unpredictable nature of wind as an energy source. A wind speed prediction model (WT-CNN-LSTM) was constructed based on wavelet decomposition, long short-term memory network (LSTM), and convolutional neural network (CNN) to address the non-stationary characteristics of wind speed in mountainous areas. The wind speed sequence is decomposed into subsequence columns and tested for stationarity using an adaptive program. The data are then decomposed and reconstructed. A prediction model is established using CNN and LSTM. The final wind speed prediction value is obtained by overlaying the predicted values. The results indicated that compared with the WT-CNN and WT-LSTM models, the WT-CNN-LSTM combination model proposed in this paper reduced the MAE, MSE, and RMSE indicators by 0.10%–0.11%, 0.57%–0.63%, and 0.11%–0.13%, respectively. In addition, the adaptive program eliminates the need to rely on traditional manual empirical values to determine parameters, ensuring that the prediction results are not affected by changes in the number of hidden layer nodes. This information can serve as a reference for future mountainous engineering construction.
Imaging of permeability defect distribution by electromagnetic tomography with hybrid L1 norm and nuclear norm penalty terms
Authors: Liu Xianglong , Zhang Kun , Wang Ying , Li Danyang , Feng Huilin
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic tomography (EMT), with the advantages of being non-contact, non-invasiveness, low cost, simple structure, and fast imaging speed, is a multi-functional tomography technique based on boundary measurement voltages to image the conductivity distribution within the sensing field. EMT is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. Currently, there are few studies on the application of EMT in magnetic permeability materials, which makes it difficult to obtain high-quality reconstructed images due to its own properties that lead to obvious attenuation of electromagnetic waves during propagation, as well as the ill-posed and ill-conditioned characteristics of EMT. In this paper, a multi-feature objective function integrating L2 norm regularization, L1 norm regularization, and low-rank norm regularization is proposed to solve the challenge of magnetic permeability material imaging. This approach emphasizes the smoothness and sparsity. The split Bregman algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the proposed objective function by decomposing the complex optimization problem into several simple sub-task iterative schemes. In addition, a nine-coil planar array electromagnetic sensor was developed and a flexible modular EMT system was constructed. We use correlation coefficient and error coefficient as indicators to evaluate the performance of the proposed image reconstruction algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the reconstruction accuracy and robustness is verified through numerical simulations and experiments.
Optoelectronic and photoacoustic waves in rotating excited semiconductor subjected to thermal shock
Authors: Lotfy Khaled , Elshazly Ibrahim S. , Halouani Borhen , Ailawalia Praveen , El-Bary Alaa A.
Published: November 2024

In this study, the impact of rotation on the transmission of optical acoustic waves, arising from the movement of the optical carrier within an elastic thermal environment, is examined through theoretical analysis. The theoretical framework incorporates the interaction between acoustic waves and thermomechanics to formulate governing equations specific to a semiconductor medium. The fundamental equations of the physical model, influenced by photothermal and thermoelastic principles, are deduced mathematically while considering the presence of rotation. The model studied the medium under a thermal shock wave from thermal stress resulting from light-induced temperature elevation that is not fixed but decaying over time. The mathematical model is solvable using the normal mode method. The model’s numerical solutions provide access to all physical fields within the physical domain, encompassing displacement, temperature, acoustic pressure, mechanical stress, and carrier density diffusion. Utilizing the harmonic wave method, a two-dimensional graphical representation of the rotation parameter with and without the influence of the decay parameter is obtained. The theoretical analysis involves comparison, analysis, and discussion of the effects of these parameters investigated.
The effect of Helichrysum shrub encroachment on orchids in a tropical, montane grassland ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Mgimba Christopher A. , Ngondya Issakwisa B. , Treydte Anna C.
Published: November 2024

Context Although shrub encroachment is a common phenomenon in grasslands, which often suppress co-existing herbaceous plants, little is known about how encroaching native shrubs affect endemic and threatened orchid species. Aims We assessed the effect of the native dwarf shrub Helichrysum species on orchid species in a protected mountainous grassland system in Tanzania. Methods We selected five Helichrysum shrub-dominated blocks and applied four treatments in each, i.e. no or low encroachment (<20% Helichrysum cover; ‘low cover’), high encroachment (>50% Helichrysum cover; ‘high cover’), cutting all stems of Helichrysum shrubs to ground level (‘stem cut’) and removing both stems and roots of all Helichrysum shrubs (‘uprooted’). We then compared orchid species diversity, abundance and functional traits by using a mixed linear model across treatments. Key results Orchid species diversity and abundance were significantly lower in ‘high cover’ plots than in other treatments. In ‘high cover’ plots, orchid species such as Disa robusta, Satyrium acutirostrum, and S. sphaeranthum had a significantly lower chlorophyll content than they did in ‘low cover’ plots. The ‘uprooting’ treatment showed significantly higher orchid species diversity in the second field season. Conclusion The expansion of Helichrysum shrubs adversely affected orchid abundance, diversity, and individual vigour, which in turn affected the regenerative ability of orchids. Implications We suggest that management should focus on shrub removal, because only ‘cutting’ had a beneficial effect on orchids. Shrub removal should be focused on areas of high shrub cover to promote further orchid species growth in this mountainous grassland of Tanzania.
Rising incidence of gonorrhea in Taiwan amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide surveillance study
Authors: Chen Hsing-Yuan , Sung Yi-Hsiang , Chen Chung-Chu , Weng Shun-Long , Liou Bo-Huang , Yeung Chun-Yan , Lien Chi-Hone , Lin Chao-Hsu , Chi Hsin , Lin Liang-Yen , Chiu Nan-Chang , Lin Chien-Yu
Published: November 2024

Background The protracted battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on various facets of society. The epidemiology of several diseases underwent alterations following the implementation of social restrictive strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). Methods In response to these changes, we conducted a retrospective nationwide surveillance study to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections during the pandemic. Weekly incidences of gonorrhea, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and enterovirus were extracted from the national surveillance database. Results Over the period from 2015 to 2022, a sustained increase in gonorrhea notifications was evident (linear trend with a rising slope of 0.24 and an R-squared value of 0.62). When comparing the pre-pandemic period (2017–2019) with the pandemic period (2020–2022), a significant surge in gonorrhea notifications was observed (85 notifications per week pre-pandemic vs 143 notifications during the pandemic, representing a 68% increase, P < 0.01). Further interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant monthly increase of 3.79 gonorrhea notifications during the pandemic. Conversely, declines in syphilis, HIV, and enterovirus incidences were noted (186 vs 177, 41 vs 25, and 3906 vs 2863 weekly notifications for syphilis, HIV, and enterovirus, respectively). A literature review indicated conflicting epidemiological trends in different regions. Conclusions Our study highlights a significant rise in gonorrhea notifications during the pandemic. Despite disruptions to gonorrhea testing and medical services, and the implementation of NPI, there was no significant decrease in the incidence of gonorrhea in Taiwan. Gonorrhea emerged as a critical public health concern during the pandemic.
Analysis of the structure and interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF7b accessory protein
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Ha , Palfy Gyula , Fogeron Marie-Laure , Ninot Pedrosa Martí , Zehnder Johannes , Rimal Vaclav , Callon Morgane , Lecoq Lauriane , Barnes Alexander , Meier Beat H. , Böckmann Anja
Published: November 2024

SARS-CoV-2 carries a sizeable number of proteins that are accessory to replication but may be essential for virus–host interactions and modulation of the host immune response. Here, we investigated the structure and interactions of the largely unknown ORF7b, a small membranous accessory membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. We show that structural predictions indicate a transmembrane (TM) leucine zipper for ORF7b, and experimentally confirm the predominantly α-helical secondary structure within a phospholipid membrane mimetic by solid-state NMR. We also show that ORF7b forms heterogeneous higher-order multimers. We determined ORF7b interactions with cellular TM leucine zipper proteins using both biochemical and NMR approaches, providing evidence for ORF7b interaction with the TM domains of E-cadherin, as well as phospholamban. Our results place ORF7b as a hypothetical interferer in cellular processes that utilize leucine zipper motifs in transmembrane multimerization domains.
Slip-pulses drive frictional motion of dissimilar materials: Universality, dynamics, and evolution
Authors: Poles Yonatan , Shi Songlin , Fineberg Jay
Published: November 2024

Frictional slip between bodies having different elastic or geometrical properties (bimaterial interfaces) creates a unique type of rupture, bimaterial “slip pulses.” These slip pulses propagate along the interfaces separating elastically different contacting bodies. They exhibit highly localized slip with accompanying local normal stress reduction. These pulses do not result from properties of “friction laws” but, instead, are formed via the elastic mismatch of the contacting bodies. Here, we experimentally study slip pulse dynamics, evolution, and structure in seven different bimaterial interfaces. We find that slip pulses are a major vehicle for frictional motion in bimaterial interfaces, they exist in well-defined velocity windows and undergo unstable growth consistent with theoretical predictions coined the “Adams instability.” When scaled properly, slip pulses exhibit both universal spatial structure and growth dynamics. While slip pulse amplitudes vary considerably within different interfaces, this variation is, surprisingly, not highly dependent on the contrast of the elastic properties of the contacting materials. Instead, slip pulse amplitudes are closely related to the interfaces’ aging properties and, hence, to material plasticity at the interface. As bimaterial interfaces are generic, these results are fundamentally important to both frictional dynamics and the dynamics of earthquakes within a wide class of natural faults.
Exercise training may reduce fragmented mitochondria in the ischemic-reperfused heart through DRP1
Authors: Dubois Mathilde , Pallot Florian , Gouin-Gravezat Maxime , Boulghobra Doria , Coste Florence , Walther Guillaume , Meyer Gregory , Bornard Isabelle , Reboul Cyril
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial fission is a key trigger of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IR). Exercise training is an efficient cardioprotective strategy, but its impact on mitochondrial fragmentation during IR remains unknown. Using isolated rat hearts, we found that exercise training limited the activation of dynamin-like protein 1 and limited mitochondrial fragmentation during IR. These results support the hypothesis that exercise training contributes to cardioprotection through its capacity to modulate the mitochondrial fragmentation during IR.
Low-energy magnetic states of Tb adatom on graphene
Authors: Shaikh Monirul , Klein Alison , Wysocki Aleksander L
Published: November 2024

Electronic structure and magnetic interactions of a Tb adatom on graphene are investigated from first principles using combination of density functional theory and multiconfigurational quantum chemistry techniques including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) . We determine that the six-fold symmetry hollow site is the preferred adsorption site and investigate electronic spectrum for different adatom oxidation states including Tb3+, Tb2+, Tb1+, and Tb0. For all charge states, the Tb

4

f
8

configuration is retained with other adatom valence electrons being distributed over

5

d

x
y

,

5

d

x
2
+
y
2

, and

6
s

/

5

d
0

single-electron orbitals. We find strong intra-site adatom exchange coupling that ensures that the

5
d
6
s

spins are parallel to the 4f
spin. For Tb3+, the energy levels can be described by the J = 6 multiplet split by the graphene crystal field (CF). For other oxidation states, the interaction of 4f
electrons with spin and orbital degrees of freedom of

6
s
5
d

electrons in the presence of SOC results in the low-energy spectrum composed closely lying effective multiplets that are split by the graphene CF. Stable magnetic moment is predicted for Tb3+ and Tb2+ adatoms due to uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and effective anisotropy barrier around 440 cm−1 controlled by the temperature assisted quantum tunneling of magnetization through the third excited doublet. On the other hand, in-plane magnetic anisotropy is found for Tb1+ and Tb0 adatoms. Our results indicate that the occupation of the

6
s
5
d

orbitals can dramatically affect the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic moment stability of rare earth adatoms.
Estimation and analysis of S values for 131I using paediatric mesh type reference computational phantoms
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Patni Hemant Kumar , Akar Deepak Kumar , Sawant Pramilla D
Published: November 2024

This study examines the effect of paediatric mesh-type reference computational phantoms on organ S values resulting from radioiodine (131I) intake. Using Geant4, we estimated 131I S values for 30 radiosensitive target tissues due to emission from the thyroid (Target ← Thyroid) in these phantoms. Our results show that S values differ between male and female phantoms of the same age and S values also decrease as phantom age increases. The male-to-female S value ratio typically varies within 10%, with larger differences observed for the esophagus, extra-thoracic regions, muscles, bladder, and sex organs. On average, S values for mesh phantoms are approximately 17% higher than those for voxel phantoms, with larger discrepancies for organs remodelled separately in mesh phantoms. The study provides organ S values for the paediatric population due to 131I exposure from the thyroid, based on the reference mesh-type computational phantoms, enhancing organ dose estimation in emergency situations and during radioiodine treatment.
Existence of solitary waves in particle lattices with power-law forces
Authors: Ingimarson Benjamin , Pego Robert L
Published: November 2024

We prove the existence of small solitary waves for one-dimensional lattices of particles that each repel every other particle with a force that decays as a power of distance. For force exponents α + 1 with

4
3

<
α
<
3

, we employ fixed-point arguments to find near-sonic solitary waves having scaled velocity profiles close to non-degenerate solitary-wave profiles of fractional KdV or generalized Benjamin–Ono equations. These equations were recently found to approximately govern unidirectional long-wave motions in these lattices.
Interatomic and intermolecular decay processes in quantum fluid clusters
Authors: LaForge A C , Ben Ltaief L , Krishnan S R , Sisourat N , Mudrich M
Published: November 2024

In this comprehensive review, we explore interatomic and intermolecular correlated electronic decay phenomena observed in superfluid helium nanodroplets subjected to extreme ultraviolet radiation. Helium nanodroplets, known for their distinctive electronic and quantum fluid properties, provide an ideal environment for examining a variety of non-local electronic decay processes involving the transfer of energy, charge, or both between neighboring sites and resulting in ionization and the emission of low-kinetic energy electrons. Key processes include interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay and its variants, such as electron transfer-mediated decay. Insights gained from studying these light-matter interactions in helium nanodroplets enhance our understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on other condensed-phase systems, including biological matter. We also emphasize the advanced experimental and computational techniques that make it possible to resolve electronic decay processes with high spectral and temporal precision. Utilizing ultrashort pulses from free-electron lasers, the temporal evolution of these processes can be followed, significantly advancing our comprehension of the dynamics within quantum fluid clusters and non-local electronic interactions in nanoscale systems.
Preliminary investigation of a Higgs factory based on proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration
Authors: Farmer J , Caldwell A , Pukhov A
Published: November 2024

A Higgs Factory is considered the highest priority next collider project by the high-energy physics community. Very advanced designs based on radio-frequency cavities exist, and variations on this approach are still being developed. Recently, an option based on electron-bunch driven plasma wakefield acceleration has also been proposed. In this article, we discuss a further option based on proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. This option has significant potential advantages due to the high energy of the plasma wakefield driver, simplifying the plasma acceleration stage. Its success will depend on further developments in producing compact high-energy proton bunches at a high rate, which would also make possible a broad range of synergistic particle-physics research.
Gravitational wave probe of gravitational dark matter from preheating
Authors: Zhang Ruopeng , Zheng Sibo
Published: November 2024

We forecast high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) from preheating hosting gravitational dark matter (GDM) as the indirect probe of such GDM.
We use proper lattice simulations to handle resonance,
and to solve GW equation of motion with the resonance induced scalar field excitations as source term.
Our numerical results show that Higgs scalar excitations in Higgs preheating model give rise to magnitudes of GW energy density spectra of order 10-10 at frequencies 10 – 103 MHz depending on the GDM mass of (6 – 9) × 1013 GeV,
whereas inflaton fluctuation excitations in inflaton self-resonant preheating model yield magnitudes of GW energy density spectrum up to 10-9 (10-11) at frequencies near 30 (2) MHz for the index n=4 (6) with respect to the GDM mass of 1.04 (2.66) × 1014 GeV.
Probing protoneutron stars with gamma-ray axionscopes
Authors: Lella Alessandro , Calore Francesca , Carenza Pierluca , Eckner Christopher , Giannotti Maurizio , Lucente Giuseppe , Mirizzi Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Axion-like particles (ALPs) coupled to nucleons can be efficiently produced in the
interior of protoneutron stars (PNS) during supernova (SN) explosions. If these ALPs are also
coupled to photons they can convert into gamma rays in the Galactic magnetic field. This
SN-induced gamma-ray burst can be observable by gamma-ray telescopes like Fermi-LAT if the
SN is in the field of view of the detector. We show that the observable gamma-ray spectrum is
sensitive to the production processes in the SN core. In particular, if the nucleon-nucleon
bremsstrahlung is the dominant axion production channel, one expects a thermal spectrum with
average energy E
a
≃ 50 MeV. In this case the gamma-ray spectrum observation allows for
the reconstruction of the PNS temperature. In case of a sizable pion abundance in the SN core, one
expects a second spectral component peaked at E
a
≃ 200 MeV due to axion pionic
processes. We demonstrate that, through a dedicated LAT analysis, we can detect the presence of
this pionic contribution, showing that the detection of the spectral shape of the gamma-ray signal
represents a unique probe of the pion abundance in the PNS.
Generation of sub-30 fs pulses from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier at 203 MHz repetition rate
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Zhao Wanli , Liu Tongyu
Published: November 2024

High repetition rate fiber lasers have attracted great attention in recent years due to their potential applications including spectroscopy and laser processing. In this manuscript, we have demon-strated sub-30 fs pulses directly from a compact Er-doped fiber laser amplifier system with a high repetition rate of ∼203 MHz. The design of the laser comprises of a home-built oscillator based on nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking mechanism, an all-fiber amplifier, and a fiber type compressor. By optimizing the length of single mode fiber compressor, the shortest pulse duration of 26 fs is achieved, which is ∼4.9 optical cycle at 1570 nm. The average output power of the de-chirped pulse is 267 mW with corresponding pulse energy of 1.3 nJ. Such a high repetition rate fiber laser with few-cycle pulse holds tremendous potential for numerous applications that require high temporal resolution, and high photon flux.
Emergent 3×3 charge order on the Cs reconstruction of kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Han 韩 Xianghe 相和 , Cao 曹 Zhongyi 钟一 , Huang 黄 Zihao 子豪 , Zhao 赵 Zhen 振 , Yang 杨 Haitao 海涛 , Chen 陈 Hui 辉 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧
Published: November 2024

The alkali adatoms with controlled coverage on the surface have been demonstrated to effectively tune the surface band of quantum materials through in situ electron doping. However, the interplay of orderly arranged alkali adatoms with the surface states of quantum materials remains unexplored. Here, by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), we observed the emergent 3×3 super modulation of electronic states on the

3

×

3

R

30

°

(R3) Cs ordered surface of kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5. The nondispersive 3×3 superlattice at R3 ordered surface shows contrast inversion in positive and negative differential conductance maps, indicating a charge order origin. The 3×3 charge order is suppressed with increasing temperature and undetectable at a critical temperature of ∼62 K. Furthermore, in the Ta substituted sample CsV2.6Ta0.4Sb5, where long-range 2×2×2 charge density wave is significantly suppressed, the 3×3 charge order on the R3 ordered surface becomes blurred and much weaker than that in the undoped sample. It indicates that the 3×3 charge order on the R3 ordered surface is directly correlated to the bulk charge density waves in CsV3Sb5. Our work provides a new platform for understanding and manipulating the cascade of charge orders in kagome superconductors.
Analytic sparse-view CBCT reconstruction using a novel sinogram restoration method based on higher-order Fourier harmonic peaks
Authors: Lee Jonghyeok , Lim Hyunwoo , Cho Sanghyun , Seo Changwoo , Cha Bo Kyung , Cho Hyosung
Published: November 2024

This study presents an analytic sparse-view cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction method using a novel sinogram restoration technique based on higher-order Fourier harmonic peaks to obtain CBCT images of reasonable quality with a reduced radiation dose. The proposed method involves four main steps: (1) acquiring sparse-view (P144) sinogram from a CBCT system, (2) upsampling (P720) the original sparse-view sinogram with equally spaced zero padding, (3) separating higher-order Fourier harmonic peaks of the upsampled sinogram using a band-pass filter, and (4) restoring the sinogram of the higher-order harmonic peaks by taking its magnitude, followed by computationally cost-efficient filtered-backprojection (FBP)-based CBCT reconstruction and denoising processes. The notation P144 indicates that the number of projections is 144. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, an experiment was performed on a chest phantom using a prototype CBCT system comprising an X-ray tube (90 kV
p
and 40 mA), a large-area flat-panel detector (388 μm pixel size), and a rotational gantry. The quality of the restored sparse-view CBCT images was quantitatively evaluated in terms of the image intensity profile, universal quality index (UQI), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The results indicate that the proposed sinogram restoration method effectively recovered zero-padded areas in the original upsampled sinogram with image intensities nearly identical to those of the reference dense-view (P720) sinogram, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed sinogram restoration method. The quality of the sparse-view CBCT image restored with higher-order harmonic peaks was close to that of the reference dense-view CBCT image, maintaining the image quality. The UQI and PSNR values of the restored sparse-view CBCT image were 0.93 and 34.84, respectively, which are approximately 1.3 and 1.2 times greater than those of the original sparse-view CBCT image, respectively, improving the image quality. Consequently, the proposed method has the potential to resolve the issues caused by sparse-view sampling in FBP-based CBCT.
Defining Rights, Wrongs, and Duties
Authors: Abraham Haim
Published: November 2024

Three preconditions must be met to advance the claim that civilians could and should have a right in tort law to compensation for wrongs they sustain during battle, through the injuring state’s domestic courts. The three preconditions are that there are rights during war; that there is a standard according to which mere harms are distinguishable from wrongs, which I refer to as ‘belligerent wrongs’; and that there is a duty to correct these wrongs. This chapter shows that private law rights exist, and remain relevant, during war. Moreover, the way to distinguish between harms for which no liability arises and wrongs for which there can be tortious liability is unique in the context of belligerent activities. This evaluation requires gauging whether combatant activities have adhered to international humanitarian law and states’ rules of engagement. The chapter argues that an infliction of a loss while engaging in belligerent activities is a violation of a private law right, and hence it is a prima facie private law wrong. Yet, such losses are justified and non-wrongful if they are imposed while adhering to international humanitarian law and the rules of engagement. When such a justification does not exist, an ordinary corrective justice duty to redress the wrongs arises, and this duty could be discharged through ordinary domestic tort law.