bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and biological assessment of plant extracts in Rosaceae family as promising feed components
Authors: Inchagova K S , Kosyan D B , Rusakova E A , Duskaev G K , Yamalov S M
Published: January 2021

Today, the whole world is facing the problem of antibiotic resistance, including in agricultural production, affecting its efficiency. This fact determined the search for new means of combating bacterial pathogens by affecting the bacterial population through the regulation of density-dependent chemical communication. Medicinal plants can be used as such “regulators”, as feed components. This paper examines toxicological and other properties of Prunus padus fruit and Sanguisorba officinalis herb extracts as likely components of animal feed. The testing of P. padus fruit extract on Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 (pXen7) strain showed the inhibitory action on the microorganism cells of all concentrations of the studied substance. The EC20 was 0.625 mg/ml. the S. officinalis herb extract showed a pronounced antibacterial effect on E. coli K12 MG1655 (pXen7). P. padus fruits had the maximum toxicological effect on Stylonychia mytilus population at the concentration of 10.0 mg/ml throughout the incubation period, the effect of S. officinalis herb extract was evident at 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml. Both substances in subinhibitory concentrations suppressed the quorum-dependent biosynthesis of violacein pigment (for P. padus fruits the EC100=8.05 mg/ml, for S. officinalis grass EC100=0.22 mg/ml).
Effect of Quercus cortex extract on carcass and meat quality traits of broilers
Authors: Duskaev G K , Rakhmatullin S G , Levahin G I
Published: January 2021

In terms of consumers, broiler meat should have good nutritional characteristics. The scientific community has actively discussed the use of non-traditional ingredients for feeding poultry. Therefore, research in this direction may lead to an improvement of the quality of broiler meat. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Quercus cortex extract (QCE) on the carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chicken. For this, 120 broilers were allocated to the groups: control group – base diet (BD); I – BD +QCE; II – BD + probiotic; III – BD + probiotic + QCE. The following methods were used: capillary electrophoresis and biochemical methods. There was 7.0 % increase in the pre-slaughter live weight of the broilers in group II by the end of the period, compared to the other groups, 8.4 % increase in the proportion of muscle tissue in the carcass, and an increase in the crude protein and dry matter (0.93 %) in the pectoral muscle, in comparison to the control group. There was an increase in the essential amino acids content in comparison to that of the control: in group III – lysine, leucine; in group II – methionine. The supplementation with QC and probiotic leads to an improvement of the amino acid composition of muscle tissue, depending on its localisation with minor changes to carcass traits.
Comparative characteristics of quality indicators of non-traditional vegetable oil types
Authors: Lupova E I , Pityurina I S , Vinogradov D V , Ushakov R N
Published: January 2021

The popularity of vegetable fats among consumers around the world is growing rapidly. That’s why it is necessary to expand the range of using various agricultural crops’ oils in accordance with the content of useful components in them. Since vegetable oils have different storage stability, it is very relevant to establish optimal storage modes and terms. This research was conducted in laboratories using standard methods. Fatty acid composition of unrefined rapeseed, colza, camelina and sunflower oils were identified and compared. Two temperature conditions were considered (22°C, 4°C) in with and without exposure to light; in glass containers; with and without air access. From the results of research it was found that the optimal ratio of Omega-3 and Omega-6 is observed in Camelina oil. The obtained data indicate a direct influence of temperature and exposure to light on the dynamics of changes in peroxide and acid numbers of vegetable oils during the storage period. The most unfavorable storage mode for non-traditional vegetable oils was the mode with access of light at 22°C.
Evaluation of spring wheat in the context of grain production in the Tyumen region and characterization of the ecologic resistance of its varieties in attaining food security
Authors: Sapega V A
Published: January 2021

Grain production plays a leading role in Russia’s food security. The indicators of grain production in the Tyumen region for 2014-2018 and the characterization of spring wheat varieties by yield and adaptability parameters for 2017-2019 are presented. The material of the study was the data of the Department of Federal Service of State Statistics of the Tyumen region on the production of cereals and the results of variety testing of spring wheat in the conditions of the northern forest steppe zone of the Tyumen region. The realization of yield potential of the varieties was determined by E.D. Nettevich’s method, the scope of indicators of grain production and productivity of varieties was found according to V.A. Zykin, the index of environmental conditions and ecological plasticity of varieties – according to S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, and the ecological resistance – according to D. Lewis. The average yield of cereals and legumes was 2.06 t/ha and that of spring wheat – 1.95 t/ha. The variety Tyumenskaya 29 was characterized by the highest average yield (4.67 t/ha). Depending on the variety the realization of yield potential ranged from 77.0% (Lutescens 70) to 86.6% (Scent 3). According to the responsiveness to the change in conditions, three groups of varieties were noted: strongly responsive to the change of conditions – Ikar, Tyumenskaya 29; plastic – Lutescens 70, Scent 3, Aviada; weak responsive to changing conditions – Chernyava 13, Omskaya 36. By their ecologic resistance the varieties Scent 3 and Tyumenskaya 29 were the best. According to the results of the complex assessment of varieties, the variety Tyumenskaya 29 was deemed the best.
The application of wool as a biosubstrate to assess the impact of various strontium levels on the biological characteristics and productive qualities of dairy cattle under conditions of increased technogenic load
Authors: Zavyalov O A , Miroshnokov S A , Frolov A N , Kurilkina M Ya
Published: January 2021

Strontium is a natural component of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, due to anthropogenic activity, strontium concentrations locally increase to levels that create a potential environmental risk and can lead to disturbance of the elemental status and productive qualities of farm animals. In this regard, the aim of this study was to study the elemental status and productivity of Holstein cows with different levels of Sr in wool, bred in environmentally unfriendly areas of the Southern Urals. The studies were carried out among the Holstein cows whose wet weight was within 505–535 kg. The lactation stage was 30–50 days after calving. Dairy productivity was 18.8–31.4 liters per day. The research was carried out in Agrofirm Industrial LLC, Orenburg region. The animals were divided into three groups depending on Sr concentration in their coat. The range of Sr concentrations in the coat of cows Group I was from 0.716 to 1.69 μg/g, Group II – from 1.82 to 3.68 μg/g, and Group III – from 3.81 to 7.23 μg/g. When comparing the chemical elements concentrations in the coat among the groups under the experiment, it was found that an increase in Sr level was accompanied by the significant change in levels of Ca, K, Mg, P, Se, Mn, Cd, Ni, B. Moreover, as Sr content increased from the minimum to the maximum value, there was occurred a decrease in Cu concentration by 10.9–25.3 %; Zn – by 11.1–21.2 %, and As – by 10.0-30.0 %. The ratios calculated with the Spearman’s rank correlation for the experimental animal groups revealed a reliable correlation between Sr concentrations and concentrations of Cu, Se, and Zn in the coat. As Sr content in the coat increased, there was a change in the indicators of the antioxidant status of the blood serum, which was expressed via an increase in the level of malondialdehyde by 2.2 and 2.6 times. The cows with Sr content in coat lower than 1.82 μg/g exceeded the analogues of Groups II and III in daily productivity calculated based on milking – 1 % milk by 32.8 and 32.3 %, respectively.
Current trends in the development of functional meat products to improve the nutritional status of the population
Authors: Gabdukaeva L Z , Gumerov T Yu , Nurgalieva A R , Abdullina L V
Published: January 2021

Among the many environmental factors, nutrition is an essential factor, regularly and exclusively multidisciplinary affecting the biological and social essence of the human body. A balanced diet is the essential condition for maintaining health, contributes to increasing the duration and quality of life of the population. The presence in meat products of such components as saturated fats, cholesterol, nitrites, salts hurts the health of consumers. In this regard, it is relevant to improve and improve the composition of processed meat products by developing products with a practical orientation with a healing effect.
The effect of nitrate nitrogen on barley yield on chernozem of the southern steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Skorokhodov V Yu , Maksyutov N A , Mitrofanov D V , Yartsev G F , Kaftan U V , Zenkova N A
Published: January 2021

Increasing the yield of barley cultivated in crop rotations and by sowing permanently is a major problem in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. This requires to study factors affecting an increase in the crop yield. The aim of the study is to identify the effect of nitrate nitrogen, the biological activity of soil and the aftereffect of predecessors on barley productivity at different levels of mineral nutrition. In the experiment, methods such as field, ionometric and decomposition of flax fiber were used. The methods used make it possible to obtain new original results on the factors and experimental options. Over 18 research years, the highest barley yield was observed in millet and pea rotation using fertilizers. It amounted to 1.42 and 1.43 tons per 1 ha. These results were achieved due to the consumption of nitrate nitrogen up to 2.3 mg and accumulation in the amount of 7.7 mg per 100 g of soil with an activity of microorganisms of 8.3 and 8.1 %. The results are of scientific and practical importance in the field of agriculture and crop production.
Mobile forms effect of nutrients on grain yield productivity in crop rotation on soil-protecting experimental plot
Authors: Mitrofanov D V , Tkacheva T A , Petrova G V
Published: January 2021

On soils subject to water and wind erosion, there is a decrease in the content of macronutrients and grain yield of crops on various parts of the slope. This phenomenon was a prerequisite for the study of mobile forms of nutrients (NO3
–, P2O5, K2O) and their effect on the yield of grain crops in grain-crop rotation in the soil-protecting experimental plot. The main goal of scientific research is to identify parts of the slope and crops that can increase grain yield depending on nutrients. As a result of field experiments and laboratory analyzes, it was found that the highest yield is observed in the twelfth version of the experiment in barley sowing with biological accounting of 15.6 centners and actual counting is 12.7 centners per 1 ha. On the lower part of the slope, this result was achieved based on the relationship between nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchange potassium, and their influence on the maximum barley yield was 30.63, 28.65, and 39.52 %. The conducted experiment is important in the field of agricultural soil science, contour landscape agriculture and agriculture.
Morphological studies of Tyhpa Australis under stress environmental factor
Authors: Minkina T M , Fedorenko A G , Hassan T M , Fedorenko G M , Chaplygin V A , Chernikova N P , Nevidomskaya D G , Sushkova S N
Published: January 2021

Bioindication studies based on morphological parameters of Tyhpa australis showed that the influence of stress ecological factor is seen not only in peculiarities of accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in plant tissues, but also, at morphological-anatomical and ultrastructural level.
Correlations of biochemical parameters of blood serum in swine during anti-parasitic treatment with Ivermin followed by pharmacocorrection
Authors: Gerunov T V , Shitikov V V , Tarasenko A A , Gerunova L K
Published: January 2021

The control of endo- and ectoparasites of animals takes an important place in the complex of medical and preventive measures carried out on farms and livestock enterprises of industrial type. Considering the risk of adverse effects of anti-parasitic drugs, we analyzed the changes of biochemical parameters of blood serum in swine (commercial hybrid) with a single subcutaneous injection of Ivermin (A.D. Ivermectin) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg with subsequent introduction of a double Azoxivet immunostimulator (A.D. Azoximer bromide) in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and the carbon enterosorbent Zoocarb at a dose of 0.2 g/kg 2 times a day for 3 days. In 14 days after the start of the experiment, biochemical analysis of blood serum was performed using the Screen Master Analyzer and a set of reagents from the company “Human” (Germany). Statistical data processing was performed using the Student’s parametric T-Test for independent samples. The correlations between variables were evaluated using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. It turns out that Ivermin, when administered in a single therapeutic dose causes changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum, indicating a high risk of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. The number of correlations of symptoms with the introduction of Ivermin increases. Pharmacocorrection allows minimizing the marked changes. Statistically significant correlations of variables disappear, and this indicates a decrease in adaptive stress.
The importance of tropical edible fruit plants for tribal communities in East Aceh region, Indonesia
Authors: Navia Z I , Suwardi A B , Nuraini
Published: January 2021

The study investigated the diversity and use of tropical edible fruits consumed by tribal communities in East Aceh, Indonesia. The plant materials were randomly collected from four villages in two subdistricts, while local knowledge was gathered through a survey and in-depth interviews. Data were collected by surveying 80 people, 20 from each of four study areas, simple random sampling selected for this study. A total of 32 tropical edible fruit plant species were found in the study area. The fruits are rich in macro and micro-nutrients. Besides being a source of food, they can also be used as remedies for various diseases. This plant has the potential to be used as a commercial crop to increase food shortages, tribal economy, and to regenerate degraded lands. In addition, this study could contribute to educating the younger generation on the importance of tropical edible fruit plants.
Nutrition of local wild edible fern (Diplazium esculentum) leaves
Authors: Koniyo Y , Lumenta C , Olii A H , Mantiri R O S E , Pasisingi N
Published: January 2021

Vegetable fern species distributed throughout the world are diverse, but there is a lack of scientific data about the nutritional content of local vegetable ferns. This study aimed to provide preliminary data of Diplazium esculentum nutrition obtained from Bone Bolango District, Gorontalo area, Indonesia, in order to support the developing of pharmaceutical and mixed animal feed products. Tests for the proximate characteristics of leaf extracts and the phytochemical analysis were carried out through qualitative screening following Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Method year 2006, while the detail amino acid compound analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method. The results showed that D. esculentum from Gorontalo Land is rich with proteins and amino acids. The amount of protein and fat is detected as 21.52 ± 2.70% and 2.47 ± 0.97% respectively. The fern also contains complete secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and glycosides with a high amount.
Combination of MS medium and Gandasil D on banana shoots growth in vitro
Authors: Damayanti A N A , Nandariyah  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Cavendish banana has a high economic for food export commodities. High export opportunities need to be balanced with increased productivity by selecting superior seedlings through in vitro seed propagation. The tissue fruitfulness depends on the media used. The media used substitution between MS media and Gandasil D leaf fertilizer with different concentrations. The researcher also used a completely randomized design (CRD) of one factor with five treatment combinations and six repetition. The treatment used is MS 100% as a control; 75% MS + 25% Gandasil D; 50% MS + 50% Gandasil D; 25% MS + 75% Gandasil D; 100% D. the variables observed include time of buds, number of shoots, plantlet height, time of leaves, number of leaves, time of roots, number of roots, and root length. The data analysis used is the physical analysis method based on the F test of 5% level. The results of the research showed that 100% Gandasil D and 25% MS + 75% Gandasil D treatment had the highest influence on the number of leaves, number of shoots, plant height, and number of roots. The mixture of MS media and leaf fertilizer can be used as an alternative medium for multiplication of Cavendish bananas.
The effect of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Growmore fertilizer media composition on growth of Ambon banana plants in vitro
Authors: Utomo A R , Nandariyah  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Efforts to propagate banana seeds with good quality on a large scale can be pursued through tissue culture techniques. In tissue culture often uses Murashige and Skoog (MS) media but these media are difficult to obtain. Growmore is a leaf fertilizer that has the potential to replace MS media because it has a complete nutrient content. This study aims to obtain the most effective composition of MS media and Growmore fertilizer for the growth of ambon banana shoots in vitro. The study was conducted at the Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Sebelas Maret University using a completely randomized design pattern (CRD) with a single factor divided into 5 levels with 6 replications. Variables observed include the time of buds, number of shoots, plant height, time of leaves, number of leaves, time of roots, number of roots, root length. The results showed the composition of 25% MS + 75% Growmore gave the highest results on the number of shoots, the composition of 50% MS + 50% gave the best results on plantlet height, number of leaves, and number of roots.
Selection of M3 genotype short stem results of ray gamma 250 gray in Mentik Wangi rice
Authors: Putranto B S , Parjanto  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the performance of Mentik Wangi rice at M3 generation mutant rice and select the M3 generation mutant plants as a result of 250 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 70 M2 lines of 250 gray gamma irradiation and control plants. The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle bush thickness index, weight of 100 seeds, weight of seeds per clump. Following observation, data were analyzed descriptively and statistically compared using t-test to determine the difference of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik rice from 250 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). There are 24 individual selected lines of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik Wangi mutants from 250 Gy gamma ray radiation which have a short stem character and have higher productivity than control plants.
Optimization of crop-livestock integration between paddy and beef cattle to achieve input efficiency
Authors: Purnomo S H , Emawati S , Sari A I , Rahayu E T
Published: January 2021

This research aims to investigate profiles resource farmers who have for implementing the integration of farming the crop-livestock and analyze the right resources allocation applied to farmers to obtain the optimal revenue. The research was implemented at the Mojogedang Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency. Design research using the survey method. In purposive sampling method sampling by the number of 35 respondents who are members of the beef cattle farmers group. Data analysis is a descriptive analysis, analysis of cost and income of farming-livestock, as well as data analysis Linear Programming. The results show that the value of total receipts that exceed the total costs (TR > TC) and effort assessed beneficial because R/C ratio > 1. Based on the results of the analysis note that R/C Ratio of the beef cattle business and farming paddy business was 1.08 and 1.36. The results of optimizing the use of labor resources at a surplus value of 6.34 means that labor resources at the respondent farmer level have excessive status and have not been fully utilized. Conclusion on the research is the integration between paddy and beef cattle can be applied in the subdistrict of Mojogedang, Karanganyar regency.
Methionine supplementation to quails diet improves egg weight consistency
Authors: Masykur A , Prastowo S , Widyas N , Ratriyanto A
Published: January 2021

Methionine is an essential amino acid which plays important roles in metabolism. Methionine sufficiency is expressed in the animals’ performance. This research aimed to study the effect of methionine supplementation on the consistency of quail’ egg weight. There were three treatments groups with five replicates of 15 birds each as follows: D0 (control), D1 (control + 0.06% methionine) and D2 (control + 0.12% methionine). The egg weight data were collected for two periods of 28 days (2 × 28 days) started from when the egg productions reached 50% (63 days of age). The D1 and D2 yielded heavier egg than D0 (P<0.01). The data were split and averaged into eight weeks and were divided into two subsets: the consistency of the first period (1st–4th week) and second period (5th–8th week). Intraclass correlation was used as the measure of egg weight consistency. Result showed that intraclass correlation of D0, D1 and D2 in the first period were 0.29, 0.79 and 0.63 respectively; whereas in the second period were -0.11, 0.54 and 0.08 respectively. Intraclass correlation of D1 and D2 were higher than D0. Finally, methionine supplementation in the quail’ diet consistently increases egg weight.
Efficacy and safety in consuming python bile: a literature study
Authors: Zulkarnain Z , Sholikhah I Y M , Dewi T F
Published: January 2021

In Indonesia, consuming python bile is quite popular to treat various health conditions, such as respiratory disorders, fever, aches, and increase immunity. However, scientific study as a basis for the use in this modern era still limited. This research is a literature study to determine the efficacy and safety of python bile consumption. Literature search was conducted in June 2020. Appropriate keywords were put in Google search engine, Google Scholar and PubMed. The results showed pythons bile have the main content of bile acids and bile salts type Tauropythocholate (TPC), Taurocholate (TC), Taurodeoxycholate (TDC) that could inhibit bacteria growths. Other compounds are protein and antioxidants. Consumption of python’s bile can provide benefits like bile function itself, namely elimination of toxins, increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. Pythons bile can be a source of bacteria and parasites transmission. High doses (>2 biles) and long term use are not recommended since the potential damage of liver and kidneys. Python bile has the potential for efficacy in accordance with its empirical claims. The consumption of healthy snake bile, in accordance with the dosage and not often is quite safe. This finding must still be strengthened with experimental study.
Selection of mutant short stem M5 from 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation on Mentik Susu rice
Authors: Nugroho F , Purwanto E , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Mentik Susu rice is one of Indonesian local rice variety that is less attractive to farmers because of its high stems and low yield. One method of using physical mutagen is gamma ray radiation. The purpose of this research is observing the performance of mutated M5 generation of mentik susu rice which already irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray and selecting the short-stemmed ones which have high productivity. The research was conducted in Novermber 2018-April 2019 on Palur Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo Regency. The experiment was done by planting 35 individual M5 and control seeds. The variables observed were plant height, harvest age, number of productive tillers, panicle intensity index, seed yield per plant. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared the performance of mentik susu rice M5 with control via T test analysis. The results showed that there was a difference in the performance of the M5 mutants of mentik susu rice as result of 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation compared to control mentik susu rice. There are 22 selected mutant plant individuals in the M-MS2-G15T3-5-2(18,25,16,8)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-4-15(10)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-5(56,18,9)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-4(11)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-12(15,13,18)strains; M-MS2-G17T17-13-9(23,21,29)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-9(17,12)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-18(35)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-14(28,61,36)strains; and M-MS2-G18T3-6-13(35)strains.
Land suitability evaluation of crops that form agroforestry in tanralili district maros regency
Authors: Haris A O , Zubair H , Syaiful S A
Published: January 2021

In Maros Regency, especially Tanralili District, some people do not only farm on paddy fields, but also on land planted with trees, such as gardens in the yard, commonly called agroforestry. This study aims to decided land suitability classes for agricultural and forestry, and analyze limiting factors in developing agroforestry in Tanralili District. The methods used in this study were land survey, soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and matching methods to evaluate land capacity and land suitability for peanut and sengon in 10 land units from work maps. The results of this study show that land capability classes in Tanralili that can be pursued for agroforestry systes are class III and IV, with limiting factors such as slopes, erosion, rocks, soil texture, and rooting condition in sub-class III, and drainage factor in sub-class IV. The actual land suitability class for Peanut is S3 (marginally suitable) and class N (unsuitable), and for Sengon is S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable) and N1 (unsuitable for now). The threat of erosion is a limiting factor that can inhibit optimal growth of peanut and sengon. Nutrition availability affects inhibition of peanut. Water availability and the rooting condition and land preparation becomes limiting factors for Sengon.
Distribution of black shank disease on Temanggung tobacco and environmental factors affecting disease development
Authors: Hidayah N , Yulianti T , Wijayanti K S , Supriyono  , Andhika Y , Djajadi
Published: January 2021

Temanggung tobacco recognized for its aromatic character and high-nicotine content is a main component of clove cigarette. Currently, it only fulfils 30% of market requests. A major issue is low productivity caused by land fertility degradation and pathogens invasion such as Phytophthora nicotianae, the causal agent of black shank disease. This research aimed to determine the incidence level and distribution of the disease within tobacco plantation in Temanggung. A survey was conducted on 53 locations determined by a land system method. The incidence of black shank was recorded for each location as well as soil samples were also taken to identify soil nutrient contents. The results revealed that black shank was found at various incidence levels in several sampling points, especially in the paddy land. In dry land, none of black shank was found. In contrast, in paddy land black shank incidence reached up to 44%. It indicated that environmental condition influenced development of black shank. C-organic has a negative correlation with black shank incidence. High black shank incidence took place in low C-organic areas. C-organic has an important effect on the improvement of physical and chemical structure of soil characters as well as the equilibrium of soil microbes.
Growth and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) grown in soil media containing several doses of inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with Lombok brown algae extracts
Authors: Sunarpi H , Nikmatullah A , Sunarwidhi A L , Ambana Y , Ilhami B T K , Widyastuti S , Hernawan A , Prasedya E S
Published: January 2021

Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers in the production of horticultural crops, increases production costs, decreases soil fertility and damages the environment. This article reports the growth and yield of tomato plants grown in soil media containing several doses of inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with Lombok brown algae extract. Tomato plants are grown in soil media containing inorganic fertilizers at a dose of 0, 50% or 100%. Then, each treatment plant was sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract once a week during vegetative growth. The results showed that each Lombok brown algae extract had the same effect on NPK absorption, growth and yield of tomato plants. However, the effect of algae extracts on the absorption of essential elements, growth and yield of tomato plants is highly dependent on the dose of inorganic fertilizers supplied in the soil medium. The absorption of essential elements, growth and crop yields significantly increased in plants grown in soil medium containing 50% inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract, compared to plants containing 0 inorganic fertilizers. This shows that the use of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced to 50% as long as the plants are sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract.
Analysis adding value and profit margin on smallholder dairy farming at Batu City, East Java
Authors: Utami H D , Mahyudin A B
Published: January 2021

Study was held on the smallholder dairy farming at Batu City, East Java. This research addressed to examine dairy farming value added and profit margin. Multistage sampling method was a technique to select 33 farmers who grouped into 3 scales involving scale-1 (having 5–5.5 Animal Unit (AU), n = 9), scale-2 (owning 6–7 AU, n = 7), and scale-3 (controlling 7.5–8.5 AU, n = 17). Primary and secondary data collection was about two months (April–June 2019). Descriptive analysis using economic formulation method was employed to analyse the data. Results reported that respondents were male farmers aged 50–59 years old with secondary school education and length experience (21–30 years) in raising dairy cattle and they came from medium family member (4–5 persons). Farmers who raised 6–7 AU (scale-2) achieved the highest value added about 45.23%, followed by 43.30% for scale-3 and 37.46% for scale-1. Similarly, profit margin was best-performing in scale-2 (25.33%) compared to scale-3 (24.75%) and scale-1 (22.27%).
Potential of bacteria consortium as growth controller of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cubense (Foc)
Authors: Hadi A E , Khalisha A , Pambudi A , Effendi Y
Published: January 2021

Utilization of rhizosphere bacteria as agents for controlling of soilborne pathogenic soil microbiomes has been reported in many studies since decades. The aim of the research is identification and characterization the potential of isolated bacteria consortium for controlling of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). The bacteria were selected through the antagonistic test, pathogenic test, and compatibility test. The effectiveness of inhibition of selected bacteria were tested in-vitro through the greenhouse-scale of suppressive soil experiments. The result showed that the Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and BS 3–4B have the highest percentage of inhibition to the Foc (25.68–29.02%). Non-pathogenic bacteria with a percentage of inhibition above 20%, consists of 3 consortia by compatibility testing. Three bacterial consortiums were obtained, the first consortium (BS 3–4B, Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010, Staphylococcus arlettae strain ATCC 43957, Bacillus cytotoxicus strain NVH 391–98 and Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232), 2nd consortium (Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9), and 3rd consortium (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9 dan Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232). The data showed application of selected single bacteria able to delay fusarium disease in banana plants more than 45 days post infection in comparison to control plants.
Novel microbial consortium formulation as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) agent
Authors: Denaya S , Yulianti R , Pambudi A , Effendi Y
Published: January 2021

PGPB enhance plant growth through nitrogen fixation, IAA production, phosphorus and pottasium solubilization. PGPB as biofertilizer provide an alternative for chemical fertilizer to reduce environmental damage. PGPB in consortium could be more effective instead of single strain inoculant. The aim of this study is to investigate compatibility, design soil bacteria consortium isolated from rubber-Canna intercropping plantation and evaluate the consortium’s potential as biofertilizer. Functional roles of PGPB was tested such as nitrogen fixation, potassium and phosphate solubilization, and IAA production. Detection of pathogenic bacteria was tested by Blood Agar method. Compatibility test was performed by cross streak method. Bacteria were identified using sequencing of 16srRNA gene and verified using BLAST to database of NCBI. The results showed that among 19 bacterial isolates, all showed the nitrogen-fixing activity, G5 had the highest phosphorus and potassium solubilization index, whereasCitrobacter braakiistrain 167 produced the highest IAA concentration. Compatibility analysis showed thatCitrobacter freundiistrain LMG 3246,Citrobacter braakiistrain DSM 17596 and G5 are compatible as a bacteria consortium and may developed as biofertilizer. This study found a possible new and beneficial biofertilizer formulation to enhance plant growth and to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer.
The morphology and density of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) leaf trichomes in six natural populations in Indonesia
Authors: Zulfahmi  , Parjanto  , Purwanto E , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Eurycoma longifolia Jack is one of the important medicinal plants in Indonesia and is used in many traditional and modern medicines. Information on trichome characteristics of E. longifolia and its relationship with environmental factors is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and density of the leaf trichomes of E. longifolia, to observe its correlation with geographic and climate factors of population, and to identify trichome characters that can discriminate among populations. The morphology and density of the leaf trichome of six populations of E. longifolia were investigated using a light microscope. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering of the population were performed. The results of this study detected two types of glandular trichome in the leaf of E. longifolia, namely peltate and capitate. Analysis of variance showed a significantly different density of trichome among populations. Variation of trichome density among populations may be caused by different micro-environmental of population and genetic factors of plant individuals. We confirmed that geographic and climate factors of the population have significant positive/negative correlations with types and density of trichomes. The PCA analysis exhibited trichome density could be used as a distinguishing characteristic among populations.
Impact of heat stress on germination and seedling growth of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rosmaina  , Utami D , Aryanti E , Zulfahmi
Published: January 2021

Temperature plays an important role in plant growth and development. The increased temperature suddenly may cause severe consequences. This study aimed to observe the impact of temperature, exposure of duration, and the interaction between temperature and exposure duration at the germination phase and seedling growth of chili pepper. The research design used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the temperature consisted of five-level of temperature i.e: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. The second factor was the exposure duration consisted of four hours, eight hours, and twelve hours. The Parameters observed were the percentage of seed germination, shoot length, root length, number of roots, seedling height, number of leaves, fresh weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, and chlorophyll content. The results of this study showed that there is an interaction between temperature and duration of exposure, the rise in the temperature and duration of exposure decrease shoot length 35.15%, root length (23.23%), number of roots (29.82)%, fresh weight of seedling (40%), number of leaves (30%), chlorophyll content. As a result, the growth of Chili seedling showed a drastic reduction in shoot development, root development, and physiological parameters tested, the germination stage is very susceptible to raise the temperatures.
Perfomance selection of Mentik Wangi M5 generation rice resulting from 100 gray gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Sutanto O P , Nandariyah  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Mentik Wangi rice is local rice originating from Yogyakarta Indonesia, which has distinctive fragrant and fluffier texture. The problems that occur in Mentik Wangi rice cultivation are that the harvest time is longer, and the plants are too high so that it gives a potential lower production impact because it is easy to collapse. One way to overcome this problem is through plant breeding with gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of this research is to select Mentik Wangi M5 irradiated by 100 Gy gamma-ray, which has a short stem and has high productivity. Observation data were analyzed descriptively, followed by a T-test to compare the performance of Mentik Wangi M5 rice plants from 100 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). The shortest plant height is in the M-MW1-G12-01-18–05 of 96cm with a height range of 96–110 cm. The highest number of productive tillers was found in the M-MW1-G80-11-08-15 with a range of 15–25 tillers. The highest panicle density index range was found in the M-MW1-G35-02-06-19 of 4.6-6.77. The highest level of plant productivity was found in the M-MW1-G12-01-18-01 which was 5.95 tons/ha. The results of the selection there are 21 individual plant mutans.
Diversity induction with gamma ray irradiation on Dendrobium odoardi orchid
Authors: Fathin T S , Hartati S , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Orchid is an ornamental plant commodity that has potential to be developed. One species of orchid that is in demand is Dendrobium odoardi. The aims of this research is to determine the characteristics and morphological diversity of Dendrobium odoardi orchid irradiated gamma ray results and without gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted in two places, the implementation of gamma ray irradiation at the PATIR-BATAN Laboratory and subculture in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, UNS. The research was conducted start from March 2019 – January 2020. The research used a simple design of one factor, the doses of gamma ray irradiation with 5 levels, 0 Gy (control), 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, and 25 Gy. Each level of treatment was planted and observed 50 plantlets. Observational data were analyzed descriptively by comparing observational data from Dendrobium odoardi orchids irradiated with control plants. The results showed that the induction of gamma ray irradiation resulted changes in morphological characters in Dendrobium odoardi orchid such as, increasing plant height, increasing leaf width, decreasing number of roots, decreasing root length, change in leaf shape and change in leaf color. Changes in the morphological character of Dendrobium odoardi orchids produce plant diversity.
Genetic characterization of iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.) based on RAPD molecular marker
Authors: Subositi D , Rosdiana D , Yuniaty A , Susanti D , Maruzy A , Rahmawati N W
Published: January 2021

Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.) is an ornamental plant and also used as medicinal plant. The plant is one of medicinal plant for anti hemorrhoids Jamu Saintifik herbal formula in B2P2TOOT Indonesian Ministry of Health. This will lead to commercialization opportunities in herbal drug industry that recently has become increasingly popular. With the emergence of substitution and adulteration of herbal drug and the lack of information on coleus genetic diversity which may result in misidentification, this research was conducted to determine Iler genetic characteristics using RAPD markers. The genomic DNA was extracted from 15 accessions of iler and 3 accessions from genus Plectranthus as an outgroup. Six selected RAPD primers were used in amplification. Dice similarity index was used to calculate similarity index followed by cluster analysis and dendrogram contruction using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The results showed 52 DNA fragments were produce within the size range 293-2,667 bp and polymorphism level among accessions at 94.23%. Cluster results results in genetic diversity ranging from 40.45-97.87% and a dendogram that shows clustering trend of Iler accessions based on the similarity of morphological characters such as leaf shape and color.
Application of biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa toward bacterial leaf blight disease in rice plant
Authors: Mumpuni R P , Rohmah A J
Published: January 2021

Diseases that often attack rice plants are bacterial leaf blight, this disease can reduce rice production by up to 60%. Control of bacterial leaf blight in addition to using chemicals can also use biological agents, one of which is Paenibacillus polymyxa. Testing of biological control applications begins with inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria on ciherang rice seeds 9 days after planting (DAP). Planting rice using Randomized Block Design using biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa consists of four treatments, Control (P0), 2,5 ml l-1 (P1), 5 ml l-1 (P2), and 7,5 ml l-1 (P3). The biological control application is carried out on seeds, 10 DAP, 2 week after planting (WAP), and 4 WAP. Observations were made once a week to observe the rice growth and intensity of the disease. Observations were made in the vegetative phase. The results of the Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control test can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack even though the difference in each treatment is not significantly different. The recommended concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control is 7,5 ml l-1. This concentration can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack in the vegetative phase.
Cashew : Contribution to the household economy and carbon stock (Case study in Wonogiri regency)
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Rahayu E S , Murniyanto E
Published: January 2021

Wonogiri Regency is a cashew crop center in Central Java. Cashew is planting in dryland at an elevation of 100 to 400 m above sea level with a monoculture and multicultural pattern. Cashew plants are cultivated as people plantations, planted regularly on each plot or as a fence on the ownership limits of dry land, plots, and mounds. Cashew plants are evergreen, have a tight canopy with sympodial branching patterns, flowering all the time so they can cover the surface of the soil. Such plant patterns provide acceptance for households and protect the environment. Research to reveal the contribution of household income, land cover rates, and carbon stocks has been carried out by survey methods. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing the head of the household and the measurement of cashew land. The results showed that the B / C ratio > 1 and increased with the age of the plant, it contributed to the acceptance of household income. Canopy cover and carbon stock increase every year so that it is beneficial to maintain soil fertility.
The phytoextraction of Cu and Zn by elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) from tropical soil 21 years after amendment with industrial waste containing heavy metals
Authors: Salam A K , Hidayatullah M A , Supriatin S , Yusnaini S
Published: January 2021

Increased soil heavy metal concentrations are suggested to cause roots to work harder. This research was to study the growth and phytoextraction behaviors of elephant grass in soil amended with industrial waste. Soil samples were obtained from an experimental field treated with a heavy metal containing waste at 0, 15 and 60 Mg ha-1, CaCO3 at 0 and 5 Mg ha-1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg ha-1. Soil samples were planted with elephant grass, 8 weeks after which the soil samples were analyzed for Cu and Zn. Plant roots and shoots were harvested and weighed for their dry-masses and analyzed for Cu and Zn. The results demonstrate that the Root/Shoot increased and show good correlations with the increase in soil Cu or Zn. The plant Cu or Zn increased with the increase in soil Cu or Zn but decreased with liming. Plant Cu and Zn in roots and the whole plants as well as their TFs were well correlated with soil Cu and Zn. These observations confirm that the root/shoot growth and Cu and Zn absorption by elephant grass are governed by soil Cu and Zn and elephant grass is a Cu and Zn phytoextractor.
Response of Artemisia annua accessions to nitrogen fertilizer on low land
Authors: Widiyastuti Y , Subositi D , Haryanti S
Published: January 2021

Growing Artemisia annua in tropical areas cause a short vegetative period and resulted in low content of artemisinin. To increase the artemisinin content of A. annua in the tropical area could be carried out by administering of Nitrogen fertilizer. In order to increase production and extension of grow areas, the selection of superior accession which adaptable in low areas is also needed. The study was carried out using an experimental method by applying 3 levels dosage of Nitrogen fertilization (0,100, 200 and 300 kg/Ha) to 3 A. annua accessions (V1, V2 and V3). The research was conducted at April-August 2018 at Karangpandan research station with an elevation of 600 m asl. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fresh biomass weight, dry biomass weight, artemisinin content and essential oil content. The results showed that the growth and productivity of 3 accession of A. annua is strongly influenced by the Nitrogen dosage. The lower dosage of Nitrogen decline growth and productivity, and plant entry into the generative phase later for the highest dosage of Nitrogen. The Nitrogen application didn’t effect on the artemisinin as well as the volatile oil content of A. annua.