bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roles of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as an Essential Mediator in Neuronal Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Its Mimetics for Neuroprotection in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Numakawa Tadahiro , Kajihara Ryutaro
Published: January 2025

Among neurotrophins, which are composed of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4/5), BDNF has been extensively studied for its physiological role in cell survival and synaptic regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) neurons. BDNF binds to TrkB (a tyrosine kinase) with high affinity and the resulting downstream intracellular signaling cascades play crucial roles in determining cell fate, including neuronal differentiation and maturation of the CNS neurons. It has been well demonstrated that the downregulation/dysregulation of the BDNF/TrkB system is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression. Interestingly, the effects of BDNF mimetic compounds including flavonoids, small molecules which can activate TrkB-mediated signaling, has been extensively investigated as potential therapeutic strategies for brain diseases, given that p75NTR, a common neurotrophin receptor, also contributes to cell death under a variety of pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration. The present review shows recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying the BDNF/TrkB system in neuronal survival and plasticity, providing critical insights into the potential therapeutic impact of BDNF mimetics in pathophysiology of brain diseases.
Chiral Symmetry in Dense Matter with Meson Condensation
Authors: Muto Takumi , Maruyama Toshiki , Tatsumi Toshitaka
Published: January 2025

Kaon condensation in hyperon-mixed matter [(Y+K) phase], which may be realized in neutron stars, is discussed on the basis of chiral symmetry. With use of the effective chiral Lagrangian for kaon (K)-baryon (B) and K-K interactions, coupled with the relativistic mean-field theory and universal three-baryon repulsive interaction, we clarify the effects of the s-wave K-B scalar interaction simulated by the K-B sigma terms and vector interaction (Tomozawa-Weinberg term) on kaon properties in hyperon-mixed matter, onset density of kaon condensation, and the EOS with the (Y+K) phase. In particular, the quark condensates in the (Y+K) phase are obtained, and their relevance to chiral symmetry restoration is discussed.
On the Validity of Traditional Vulnerability Scoring Systems for Adversarial Attacks against LLMs
Authors: Mansour Bahar Atmane Ayoub , Wazan Ahmad Samer
Published: January 2025

Purpose - This research investigates the effectiveness of established vulnerability metrics, such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), in evaluating attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs), with a focus on Adversarial Attacks (AAs). The study explores the influence of both general and specific metric factors in determining vulnerability scores, providing new perspectives on potential enhancements to these metrics. Approach - This study adopts a quantitative approach, calculating and comparing the coefficient of variation of vulnerability scores across 56 adversarial attacks on LLMs. The attacks, sourced from various research papers, and obtained through online databases, were evaluated using multiple vulnerability metrics. Scores were determined by averaging the values assessed by three distinct LLMs. Findings - The results indicate that existing scoring-systems yield vulnerability scores with minimal variation across different attacks, suggesting that many of the metric factors are inadequate for assessing adversarial attacks on LLMs. This is particularly true for context-specific factors or those with predefined value sets, such as those in CVSS. These findings support the hypothesis that current vulnerability metrics, especially those with rigid values, are limited in evaluating AAs on LLMs, highlighting the need for the development of more flexible, generalized metrics tailored to such attacks. Value - This research offers a fresh analysis of the effectiveness and applicability of established vulnerability metrics, particularly in the context of adversarial attacks on Large Language Models, both of which have gained significant attention in recent years. Through extensive testing and calculations, the study underscores the limitations of these metrics and opens up new avenues for improving and refining vulnerability assessment frameworks specifically tailored for LLMs.
Wave-Like Behavior in the Source-Detector Resonance
Authors: Contopoulos Ioannis
Published: January 2025

We consider a particular model of a `Source’ of independent particles and a macroscopic `Detector’ that are both tuned to the same resonance frequency ν0≡1/P. Particles are emitted by the Source at exact multiples of the resonance period P, and the Detector absorbs them with a certain probability at any one of its points. The Detector may also `announce’ the detection of the absorbed particle. Any particle that is not absorbed at a certain point passes through to a deeper layer in the interior of the Detector. Eventually, all particles will be absorbed (i.e. detected). We calculate the probability of detection of two time-series of particles generated by the same Source that reach the Detector with a time delay δt between themselves, and show that it manifests the illusion of collective (wave-like) interference with particle number conservation.
Microglial, Astrocytic, Oligodendrocytic, T-Cell and B-Cell Inflammatory Pathways Underlying Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Singh Asem Surindro , Takhellambam Chanu Machathoibi
Published: January 2025

Neuroinflammation is considered one of the major causing factors of neuronal dysfunction leading to dementia associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) or AD related dementias (ADRD). Several published articles have reported potential involvement of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, B-cell and T-cell linked with different neuroinflammatory signaling pathways. This article is intended to provide a summary of various published papers in this area and show the neuroinflammatory pathways that associates with the imbalanced level microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, B-cell and T-cell leading to neuronal dysfunction, dementia or cognitive decline of neurological diseases like AD and ADRD. Several drugs have been designed and tested, yet unable to find an appropriate drug for treatment. Therefore, further attention is essential for deeper understanding the underlying mechanism of these diseases for finding an appropriate drug target and in this review, we provide the importance of cellular neuroinflammatory pathways that induce neuronal dysfunction leading the dementia or cognitive deficits in AD and ADRD.
Structural Characteristics and Properties of the RNA-Binding PROTEIN hnRNPK at Multiple Physical States
Authors: Le Quang D , Lewis Amanda , Matthews Alice D , Ringler Philippe , Duff Anthony , Whitten Andrew E. , Atkin Rob , Brunner Manuel , Ho Diwei , Iyer K Swaminathan , Marshall Andrew C. , Fox Archa H. , Bond Charles S
Published: January 2025

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K (hnRNPK) is an RNA-binding protein with low-complexity domains (LCDs) that regulate its behavior under stress conditions. This study demonstrates the ability to control hnRNPK’s transitions into four distinct material states—monomer, soluble aggregate, liquid droplet, and fibrillar hydrogel—by modulating environmental factors such as temperature and protein concentration. Importantly, the phase-separated and hydrogel states are newly identified for hnRNPK, marking a significant advancement in understanding its material properties. A combination of biophysical techniques, including DLS and SEC-LS, was used to further characterize hnRNPK in monomeric and soluble aggregate states. Structural methods, such as SANS, SAXS, and TEM, revealed the elongated morphology of the hnRNPK monomer. Environmental perturbations, such as decreased temperature or crowding agents, drove hnRNPK into phase-separated or gel-like states, each with distinct biophysical characteristics. These novel states were further analyzed using SEM, X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence microscopy. Collectively, these results demonstrate the complex behaviors of hnRNPK under different conditions and illustrate the properties of the protein in each material state. Transitions of hnRNPK upon condition changes could potentially affect functions of hnRNPK, playing a significant role in regulation of hnRNPK-involved processes in the cell.
Recent Digital Marketing Research Trend: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Gemeda Daniel Tekle , Durie Aschalew Degoma
Published: January 2025

Digital marketing publications have flourished in the last two decades, but the literature remains fragmented and juvenile. This review maps the recent digital marketing landscape. 323 articles published between 2019 and 2023 were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. Boolean Operators were applied to search documents using search keys like "interactive marketing," "digital marketing", "online marketing," "internet marketing," "web marketing," and "e-marketing". A bibliometric analysis was done using VosViewer 1.6.20 software. The results exhibited incremental trends in digital marketing publications during the last five years and will remain a growing global research agenda. Digital marketing as an umbrella term started occurring most frequently after 2021. Indonesia, India, Ukraine, the USA, and the UK were the top five contributors to the digital marketing literature. The Journal of Sustainability, Economic and Social Development Book of Proceedings, and Cogent Business and Management Journal were the top three publishers. Web marketing, omnichannel marketing, augmented reality, social media influencers, tourism, higher education, and SMEs were the most frequently studied contexts. The least researched areas were digital competencies, privacy, personal data protection, security measures, and prospects and obstacles to adopting digital marketing.
A Study on the Philosophy of Family Contribution in the Prevention of Stunting in Children: Literature Review
Authors: santi Eka , Rumambo Padin Moses Glorino , Arief Yuni Sufyanti
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The family in child growth screening is an inherent issue and an important part, especially in stunting prevention. Factors related to the incidence of stunting are something that is the basis for stunting prevention. This research aims to review family involvement in stunting prevention based on philosophical views. Method: Conduct a review by finding from several databases, namely Proquest, Science Direct and Scopus. The article is limited to the family population with stunted or malnourished or under nutrition children in 2020-2024. Results: Families contribute to stunting prevention, among others, by increasing knowledge about the factors that contribute to the incidence of stunting. Family involvement is not only in the nuclear family, namely parents (fathers and mothers) but also in the extended family, one of which is the grandmother. The view of ontology is related to growth and development problems, especially nutrition as a function of family parenting which involves the decisions of both parents but is also influenced by decisions outside the nuclear family. The epistemiology view is to improve the ability of families to regulate children's growth with preventive efforts from the aspect of increasing knowledge and skills. The view of axiology is to increase family concern for children by respecting that children's growth and nutrition are the essential values of a form of respect for individual children. Conclusion: The family has an effective role for both fathers, mothers or families outside the nuclear family either individually or in cooperation between family members.
Composition of EETP801 Cocoa Powder, a Native Amazonian Cocoa Cultivar Grown Under Sustainable Organic Conditions
Authors: De la Peña-Armada Rocío , Ascrizzi Roberta , Alarcon Rocio , Viteri Michelle , Flamini Guido , Prieto Jose M.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we have analysed the Amazonian variety EETP801 Cacao, grown under sustainable organic conditions, in comparison to CCN51 cacao grown on a neighbouring commercial farm using standard practices and an European commercial cacao powdered beverage. The overall metabolite profile was analysed by high performance TLC analyses (HPTLC), the volatile fraction by head-space gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and the xanthine alkaloids by quantitative liquid chromatography-UV photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) analyses. Total polyphenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Despite the reduced production of cocoa by the EETP801 cultivar in comparison with the CCN51 cultivar, the obtained produce is significantly richer in theobromine (130 mg vs 170 mg per g of cacao) with CCN51 having double concentration of theophylline (12.6 vs 6.5 mg per g of cacao). Qualitatively, EETP-801 has the same polyphenolic composition (as per the HPTLC fingerprint) of the CCN51 cultivar but shows more traces of glycosylated flavonoids (rutin). The HS-GC-MS analyses revealed that the fragrance of both Amazonian cacao samples was superior to that of the commercial sample. The variability in the artisan fermentation and roasting processes influenced certain aspects of the volatile composition. The cultivar EETP801 is a viable option for a more ecologically conscious sector of the cocoa beverages consumer group.
Efficacy of an Oral Supplement on Dark Spot Pigmentation in Healthy Caucasian Subjects: a Randomized Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Tursi Francesco , Pourtau Line , Roveda Gloria , De Ponti Ileana , Gaudout David , Moras Benjamin , Pouchieu Camille , Nobile Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Belight3TM, a nutricosmetic formulation containing polyphenol-rich extracts has previously been demonstrated to be safe and effective in brightening skin color and dark spots in a clinical study involving Asian volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this formulation in lightening dark spots in a Caucasian population, which is characterized by lighter skin pigmentation and greater visibility of hyperpigmentation, as well as to determine whether the supplementation increased sensitivity to UV exposure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted on 66 male and female participants with skin phototype I to III, all exhibiting facial hyperpigmentation. The color of selected dark spots was assessed using spectrophotometry to measure the L* value of the CIELab color space and the Individual Typology Angle (ITA). The surface of dark spots was measured through image analysis of Visia-CR pictures. Minimal erythemal dose (MED) was measured as well as skin redness (a* value) following UVB exposure. L* and ITA levels of dark spots were significantly increased after 6 and 12 weeks of Belight3TM treatment and this lightening effect was significantly higher than the placebo after 12 weeks. No changes in MED or skin redness were observed during the study. This study confirmed the safety and efficacy of Belight3TM in lightening dark spots in a Caucasian population without increasing UV sensitivity.
Predicting the Metastatic Potential of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Based on the Molecular Profile of Preoperative Cytology Specimens
Authors: Lukyanov Sergei A. , Titov Sergei E. , Dzodzaeva Aria V. , Vanushko Vladimir , Beltsevich Dmitry , Veryaskina Yulia , Kupriyanov Semyon , Bondarenko Ekaterina , Troshina Ekaterina , Urusova Liliya , Sergiyko Sergei
Published: January 2025

Objective. The strategy of active surveillance for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is currently becoming more popular in the global medical community. The pivotal criterion for choosing the active surveillance strategy is the absence of any signs of lymphogenic or distant metastases. In the present work, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of molecular genetic markers in predicting the metastatic potential in patients with PTMC. Methods. The expression level of 33 molecular genetic markers in cytology samples from 92 patients with PTMC with the known histological diagnosis, including 32 with metastases to regional cervical lymph nodes, was assessed. The list included 22 genes and 11 microRNAs. The presence of the somatic BRAF V600E mutation was investigated separately. Results. In patients with metastatic PTMC, the HMGA2 gene, the TIMP1 gene, and the FN1 gene were more active, and microRNA-146b expression was upregulated. Downregulated expression of microRNA-7 and -148b was also detected in metastatic tumors, which is indicative of their tumor suppressor role. Metastatic tumors were characterized by on average 11-fold lower activity of DIO1, eightfold lower expression of the TFF3 gene, fourfold lower expression of TPO. All the markers, except for BRAF mutation, have high sensitivity (84.5–90.6%) for detecting metastatic PTMC but low specificity (~ 50%). Conclusions. Application of molecular markers for predicting lymphogenic metastatic spread in patients with PTMC can possibly supplement the existing risk grading systems. These studies are relatively simple to conduct and available as early as at the preoperative stage.
Prognostic Value of Hemodynamic Parameters Obtained During Right Heart Catheterization in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
Authors: Barańska-Pawełczak Karolina , Jacheć Wojciech , Tomasik Andrzej , Ziaja Bettina , Mazurkiewicz Michalina , Kukulski Tomasz , Wojciechowska Celina
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the interventional methods of heart failure (HF) treating, with the criteria for CRT device implantation based on the value of left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, QRS duration and electrocardiographic morphology. Pulmonary hypertension is an important factor influencing the prognosis of patients with heart failure, but its influence on CRT is not fully understood. Aim: The main aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of baseline right heart catheterization (RHC) derived parameters on the response to CRT. Methods: It was a single centre study with retrospective analysis of data of 39 non-ischemic HF patients. Clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic data were obtained before the CRT device implantation, and after 6 months of follow-up non-invasive re-assessment was performed. Various criteria for the response to CRT were assessed along with the correlation between the baseline parameters. Results: After follow-up a significant difference was found in the reduction of symptoms associated with heart failure, an increase in the distance achieved in the six-minute walk test distance (6MWT) and a reduction of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration as well as improvement of left ventricular function assessed in echocardiographic examination. Among all parameters assessed, the baseline higher value of transpulmonary gradient (TPG) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) most often had a significant negative impact on meeting the criteria of response to CRT. Conclusions: The results of the analyses show that the initial assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics may be crucial in predicting the response to CRT in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Resilience, Dedication, and Training: A Study on Nurses Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Albania
Authors: Tushe Mirela , Korçari Griselda
Published: January 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic supplied remarkable challenges for healthcare workers globally, with nurses in Albania playing an important role in response efforts. expertise their studies, challenges, and perceptions throughout this era is essential to tell future preparedness techniques and support the healthcare body of workers. Aims: This study aimed to explore demographic characteristics, stress levels, adherence to safety measures, impact on professional relationships, and overall perceptions of nurses in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on training experiences.Methods: Population and Sample Selection: The study was conducted with the participation of 160 nurses randomly selected from hospitals and Health Centres in Tirana, Albania. Data were collected in May 2021. The sample included nurses from various services, including Infection, Oncology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Endocrinology, Neurology, and Psychiatry, as well as primary healthcare services in Health Centres No. 10 and No. 3 in Tirana. Sample Size: After being knowledgeable approximately, the purpose of the take a look at, a pattern of 160 participating nurses filled out questionnaires at their workplaces anonymously and voluntarily.Statistical Analyses: A questionnaire with 32 questions was used for this study. After the forms were completed by 160 nurses, all data were collected into a database and then analyzed. They are expressed in numerical data but also in percentages to have a clearer picture. It is a descriptive study. Survey methodology was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the statistical survey over 11 days. Results The study conducted in May 2021 with 160 nurses revealed significant observations regarding their demographics, including gender distribution, years of experience, education levels, and age distribution. Stress levels were found to peak at the onset of the pandemic but showed a gradual decline over time. Nurses demonstrated a high level of adherence to safety measures and reported improvements in professional relationships, despite challenges related to mask-wearing. Additionally, the study highlighted nurses' high dedication to patient care and the challenges they face, including workload variability and dissatisfaction with salaries. Training experiences were also examined, revealing the need for ongoing education and skill development among nurses.Conclusion: Findings underscore the resilience, dedication, and ongoing training needs of nurses in Albania amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite facing significant obstacles, nurses have shown extraordinary commitment to their professional responsibilities and patient care. These observations emphasize the importance of continuous training, support, recognition, and investment in the nursing workforce to ensure an effective response to future crises.
Older Adults’ Narratives of Self-Care Using Steam Inhalation During COVID-19 Pandemic in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Matlala Sogo France
Published: January 2025

Background: Self-care is an important concept in public health. As there is no cure for COVID-19, symptomatic treatment is encouraged. South Africans have been practicing self-care using steam inhalation as an indigenous health practice to successfully treat respiratory infections. Older adults are vulnerable to COVID-19 but are also indigenous health knowledge holders. The study examines the use of steam inhalation as self-care practice during COVID-19 by older adults. Methods: This qualitative study used secondary qualitative data from 87 interviews with 26 older adults. Ten transcripts met the inclusion criteria and were analysed thematically. Results: Four themes and eight subthemes emerged revealing older adults of 61-75 years asserting their self-care practice of steaming with herbs, encouraging their families to steam, continuing with their chronic medications and getting relieve from respiratory symptoms. They shared their believes in steam inhalation as an acceptable self-care practice to promote health and well-being. Conclusions: Older adults are indigenous knowledge holders who use steam inhalation as self-care practice to promote health and well-being. Steaming is acceptable self-care practice which should promoted.
Machine Learning Discoveries of AURKB-X Synergy in ETC-1922159 Treated Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: January 2025

Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is one of the components that make up a complex called the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). The major functions of AURKB are to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments as well as cytokinesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, AURKB was found to be down regulated along with other genes. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of AURKB-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. Some of these combinations have been tested in wet lab, however many have been pointed out by the search engine that are yet to be explored/tested. These rankings re- veal which AURKB-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. In this research work, I cover combinations of AURKB with ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein (ZWINT/ZWINT-1), inner centromere protein (INCENP), targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), WNT pathway components, chromatin licens- ing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1), G2 and S-phase expressed 1 (GTSE1), vaccinia related kinase 1 (VRK1), RecQ like helicase 4 (RECQL4), histone H3 associated protein kinase (HASPIN/GSG2), centromere protein (CENP), E2F transcription factor (E2F), cell division cycle (CDC), ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP), Nucleoporin (NUP), gem nuclear organelle associated protein (GEMIN), mitotic arrest deficient 2 like (MAD2L), homeobox (HOX), DExH-box helicase (DHX), polo like kinase (PLK), budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB), DNA topoisomerase (TOP), cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), alkB homolog lysine demethylase (ALKBH), protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT), shugoshin (SGO), spindle and kinetochore associated com- plex subunit (SKA), growth arrest specific (GAS) and kinesin family member (KIF) family.
Data-driven Understanding On Cancer Lineage Plasticity: Examples and Chances
Authors: Zeng Longjin
Published: January 2025

Advancements in omics technologies have promoted the development of precision oncology. Lineage plasticity, a hallmark of cancer, incorporates molecular and histological aspects. Histological differentiation of adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine, and squamous characteristics occurs in different anatomic locations. Lung cancer, which is highly heterogeneous, encompasses these differentiations, and therefore serves as a model for exploration. Data-driven understanding is critical in cancer differentiation research, with the two major differentiation pathways, squamous and neuroendocrine, supported by omics data. Here, genetic and non-genetic profiles are reviewed based on patient datasets, and shareable molecular features are described. This paper mainly discusses machine learning approaches to feature selection, where network modeling is effective for designing programmable differentiation. All methods are presented within the context of cancer lineage plasticity along with examples and hypotheses. It emphasizes that selected patient datasets combined with methods will ultimately lead to actionable cancer lineage. Chances for clinical translation are in the spotlight, including biomarkers, molecular subtypes, and targeted therapies.
Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation Leading to Dementia of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Forms of Dementias
Authors: Singh Asem Surindro , Takhellambam Machathoibi
Published: January 2025

Enormous progress has been made towards understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) over the recent years through the advancement of research in the field of AD research. However, the unavailability of an appropriate drug for treatment raises several questions and scores the lake of thorough understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology and thereby the needs of further research for deeper understanding and uncover the hidden complexity. Most of the drugs that have been designed and proceed to clinical trials are focused on clearing of the aggregates of amyloid beta and the neurofibrillary tangles that are made of phosphorylated, while the focus on neuroinflammatory pathways is also emerging. Other pathological pathways that have profound regulatory roles underlying AD dementia include APOE mediated cholesterol transportation and metabolism, TREM2 mutation, DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs etc. This review is particularly focus on how APOE, TREM2, DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs contribute to neuroinflammation and leads to dementia of AD.
Pest Control, Biopestides and Sintetic Insectide in Fact
Authors: Covarrubias Ramírez Juan Manuel , Jiménez Lourdes Diaz
Published: January 2025

Biopesticides are alternatives to synthetic ones, repel insects and control diseases in a sustainable way. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of a biopesticide. In apples in 2023 and walnut in 2024, both in Coahuila, Mexico. In 2023, with: A.- Without application and B.- With application of 2 L of biopesticide one liter at the beginning and the second 10 days later, with three repetitions. In Walnut A.- With synthetic insecticide and fungicide and B.- With the application of the biopesticide. The repellency index at 20 days after application (DDA) the control reached 5.3 and the biopesticide with 1 butterfly, the repellency index at 20 DDA, 0.39 and the effectiveness of the biopesticide was 75.3%. In walnut, the repellency of the synthetic was 0.25 at 20 DDA and of the biopesticide was 1.5. In apple tree diseases, the severity without application was 6.75 % and the biopesticide 1.67 %, in walnut with synthetic the severity was 2.0 % and the biopesticide 5.21, %, the effectiveness of the biopesticide was 61.6%. The repellency is less than one and the effectiveness is greater than 60% with Mexican standards.
Analysis of Covid -19 Data Based on Modelling and Descriptive Statistical Approach
Authors: Shahrear Pabel , Hossain Saiki Md. Fahim , Nabi Tareq Md Tarequn
Published: January 2025

This file describes a model called the SEQIRP model [8] which is a modified SIR model and it has been proposed by Dr Pabel Shahrear, S. M. Saydur Rahman, Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid from Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh which uses some basic parameters of Covid – 19 to predict the future of Covid 19 situation. We have used the data from 01 December 2021 to January 05, 2022, to predict the next peak point of COVID-19 in the next 250 days from December 01, 2021. Here we calculated the Basic Reproduction Number R0 by using Next-generation matrix, and to state the result from the model, we have used MATLAB to simulate our analysis by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method and validate the results using fourth-order polynomial regression. Finally, we have got our prediction for Covid – 19. After getting the result we have taken the data from April 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, and do a statistical analysis by using descriptive statistics and a histogram by using Microsoft Excel, which will validate the accuracy of our model. We have analyzed the SEQIRP model [8] with newly available data and tried to predict the next wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, and then we tried to validate the result with statistical analysis to achieve the model’s accuracy. Finally, we can claim the usefulness of the model in Bangladesh that, in the future, should we use the model to determine the wave of COVID-19 or not. This result of our model represents the effect of Covid 19 in Bangladesh.
TRPC6-Mediated Zn2+ Influx Negatively Regulates Contractile Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Su Chenlin , Mi Xinya , Ito Tomoya , Kato Yuri , Nishimura Akiyuki , Nagata Ryu , Mori Yasuo , Nishida Motohiro
Published: January 2025

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can dynamically change their phenotype between con-tractile and synthetic forms in response to environmental stress, which is pivotal in maintaining vascular homeostasis and mediating pathological remodeling of blood vessels. We previously reported that suppression of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) activation by Ca2+ entry sustains VSMCs contractile phenotype and promotes the blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia. In contrast, a metal biomolecule, Zn2+ mobilized by TRPC6 channel activation, is revealed to exert a potential beneficial effect on cardiac contractility. However, the role of TRPC6-mediated Zn²⁺ influx in VSMCs phenotypic switching is still unknown. Here we found the involvement of Zn²⁺ influx through TRPC6 channels in TGFβ-induced contractile differentiation of rat aorta-origin smooth muscle cells (RAoSMCs). Using wild type (WT)- and Zn2+ permeation-dead TRPC6 (KYD) mutant-expressing RAoSMCs, we revealed that pharmacological TRPC6 activation by PPZ2 enhanced the intracellular Zn2+ amounts which overcame TGFβ-induced intracellular Zn2+ depletion and contractile differentiation in RAoSMCs (WT), but failed in RAoSMCs (KYD). There is no significant difference in TRPC6 currents of both RAoSMCs (WT) and (KYD) cells with or without TGFβ stimulation. In addition, PPZ2 attenuated the progression of vascular remodeling caused by chronic angiotensin II treatment in mice. These data suggest that Zn2+ influx through TRPC6 channels will be a therapeutic potential for vascular diseases characterized by maladaptive phenotypic switching.
Fostering Social Interaction Variability in the Metaverse: A Case Study of the Museum of L'Avenois in Fourmies
Authors: Mestiri Makram , Khadhar Meriem , Fergombe Amos , Huftier Aranud
Published: January 2025

This study explores the transformative potential of the metaverse in redefining cultural heritage engagement, with a specific focus on the digital metamorphosis of the digital evolution of the Museum of L'Avenois in Fourmies. By leveraging advanced 3D scanning technologies and immersive virtual environments, select artifacts have been meticulously digitized, creating an unprecedented interactive platform that bridges accessibility gaps and invites global audiences to engage with cultural heritage. Variability in user experience, reflecting the diverse interactions, emotions, and cognitive responses of participants, serves as a critical analytical axis in this research. While diversity can yield invaluable insights into user preferences, excessive discrepancies risk fragmenting the coherence of engagement. This study demonstrates how strategic design interventions can mitigate such variability, fostering uniform yet personalized experiences. Through the integration of real-time social dynamics, enabled by customizable avatars and communication tools, the metaverse is established as a pioneering medium for collaborative cultural exploration. Employing a robust mixed-methods approach, this research synthesizes quantitative metrics with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews to critically evaluate the metaverse’s capacity to deliver authentic, emotionally resonant, and pedagogically impactful engagements. While challenges persist in replicating the emotive depth of physical exhibits and sustaining user attention, findings underscore the metaverse’s unparalleled efficacy in democratizing access to cultural artifacts and enabling transboundary social interactions. Furthermore, the seamless incorporation of previously inaccessible artifacts into these virtual domains significantly enhances both user engagement and educational outcomes. This work advances the discourse on digital heritage by presenting actionable insights into the design of virtual environments that uphold cultural authenticity, foster socially immersive interactions, and align with the broader paradigm of digital transformation.
Categorical Analyses of Gödel and Tarski Twin-Theorems
Authors: Yang Yingrui , Wang Hongbin
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a set of category-theoretic analyses of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems and Tarski’s indefinability theorem (see Appendix). We view the first-order theory as a mathematical language and introduce the notion of "language charge" as a monad within a category. For each analysis, we introduce a pair of adjunct categories: a syntactic category and a semantic category. We show that the Gödel numbering can be modeled as a pair of adjoint functors between these categories—a right functor from syntax to semantics and a left functor in the reverse direction. We prove that the Gödel numbering functor serves as a limit in a functor category. Additional analyses focus on the expressibility and definability in the twin theorems. Each of these is linked to natural transformations. In addition, we establish a formal account of "spontaneous naturality breaking" in the context of Gödel’s independent statements and Tarski’s indefinability. Finally, it touches higher order categories. By composing a syntactic category and a semantic category, we constructed a 2-Category with two layers of structures. Note that 2-category is one of the current research interests in category theory. Further, by decomposing and recomposing the syntactic category, we constructed a 3-Category.
Evaluating the Performance of LoRa Networks: A Study on Disaster Monitoring Scenarios
Authors: Lopes Isadora Rezende , Coelho Paulo Rodolfo da Silva Leite , Pasquini Rafael , Miani Rodrigo Sanches
Published: January 2025

The development of technologies using the Internet of Things (IoT) concept evolves daily. These numerous technologies, such as LoRa (Long Range) transceivers, find applications in various domains, including monitoring natural disasters and those caused by human error. Security vulnerabilities arise concurrently with the advancement of these new technologies. Cyberattacks seeking to disrupt device availability, such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, can effectively exploit vulnerabilities in LoRa devices, hindering disaster monitoring efforts. Therefore, our goal is to assess the network parameters that impact the development of a disaster monitoring environment using LoRaWAN. Specifically, we aim to identify the parameters that could result in network availability issues, whether caused by malicious actors or configuration errors. Our results indicate that certain LoRa network parameters (collision checks, packet size, and the number of nodes) can significantly affect network performance, potentially rendering this technology unsuitable for building robust disaster monitoring systems.
Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Ill-Ness (Lrti) of Elderly Living in Communities near a Newly Es-Tablished Industrial Estate in Central Thailand
Authors: Wangupadcha Pirawan , Ronsmans Steven , Vanoirbeek Jeroen , Limmongkon Yuparat , Phokee Wipharat , Jirapornkul Chananya
Published: January 2025

Air pollution and health effects in communities near industrial areas are a matter of con-cern in Thailand. Elevated air pollution concentrations are associated with morbidity and mortality arising from the lower respiratory tract. In this study, we aimed to assess if liv-ing in a community near a new industrial estate in central Thailand was associated with an elevated incidence of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) among the elderly. We used data on hospital admissions from a primary hospital and sub-district health promoting hospitals in six sub-districts located within a radius of 5 kilometers from the industrial estate between 1st November 2023 and 31st March 2024, using a cross-sectional study de-sign. There were 1,311 elderly are living within a radius of 3 kilometers and 1,488 between 3 and 5 kilometers. We found a statistically significant increased risk of hospitalization for LRTI in the elderly living within a radius of less than 3 kilometers (odds ratio 3.43 [95%CI: 1.61- 7.36]), compared to those living in a radius between 3 and 5 kilometers. Our results provide strong support for the associations between hospitalization for LRTI and living distance from the new industrial estate.
Unveiling the Role of GhP5CS1 in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of P5CS Genes
Authors: Fang Hui , Gao Xin , Wu Yunhao , Zhang Ke , Wu Ying , Li Junyi , Qian Dongmei , Li Ruochen , Gu Haijing , Mehar Teame Gereziher , Shen Xinlian , Wang Baohua
Published: January 2025

Proline, a critical osmoregulatory compound, is integral to various plant stress responses. The P5CS gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis, known as ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, is fundamental to these stress response pathways. While the functions of P5CS genes in plants have been extensively documented, their specific roles in cotton remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we identified 40 P5CS genes across four cotton species with diverse sequence lengths and molecular weights. Phylogenetic analysis of 100 P5CS genes from nine species revealed three subgroups, with Gossypium hirsutum closely related to Gossypium barbadense. Collinearity analysis highlighted significant differences in collinear gene pairs, indicating evolutionary divergence among P5CS genes in tetraploid and diploid cotton. Exon-intron structures and conserved motifs correlated with phylogenetic relationships, suggesting functional differentiation. Stress-responsive elements in P5CS promoters suggest involvement in abiotic stress. Expression analysis under salt stress revealed differential expression of GhP5CS genes, with GhP5CS1 emerging as a potential key regulator. Virus-induced gene silencing confirmed the pivotal role of GhP5CS1 in cotton’s salt stress response, as evidenced by increased salt sensitivity in the silenced plants. This study enhances our understanding of the functional diversity and stress response mechanisms of P5CS genes in cotton.
Dynaseal: A Backend-Controlled LLM API Key Distribution Scheme with Constrained Invocation Parameters
Authors: Zhao Jiahao , Wu Fan , Nan Jiayi , Wei Lai , Yang Yichen
Published: January 2025

Due to the exceptional performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse downstream tasks,there has been an exponential growth in edge-device requests to cloud-based models.However, the current authentication mechanism using static Bearer Tokens in request headersfails to provide the flexibility and backend control required for edge-device deployments.To address these limitations, we propose Dynaseal,a novel methodology that enables fine-grained backend constraints on model invocations.
In Vitro Bacterial Growth on Titanium Surfaces Treated with Nanosized Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Holmström Maria , Esko Sonia , Danielsson Karin , Kjellin Per
Published: January 2025

Bacterial growth on implant surfaces poses a significant problem to the long term success of dental and orthopedic implants. There is a need for implant surfaces which promote osseointegration, while at the same time decreasing or preventing bacterial growth. In this study, we adapted existing methods for measurement of bacterial biofilms, to be suitable for measuring the bacterial growth on implant surfaces. We used two different strains of bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and investigated the in vitro effect of bacterial growth on titanium surfaces coated with an ultrathin (20–40 nm thick) layer of nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA). We found that after 2 hours of biofilm growth, there was a 33% reduction of bacteria for both S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa on nanosized HA compared to Ti. For a more mature 24 h biofilm, there was a 46% reduction for S. epidermidis and a 43% reduction for P. aeruginosa on nanosized HA compared to Ti. This shows that nanosized HA can be of benefit in reducing implant related infections, together with antimicrobial therapy.
Optimizing Outcomes in Mangled Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Insights from a Retrospective Study of 93 Patients and Their Functional Scores
Authors: Düzgün Serdar , Özdemir Mehmet Taner , Manti Nurettin , Ülgen Nuri Koray , Akkurt Mehmet Orçun
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Over the past 25 years, advancements in reconstructive techniques and patient management have significantly improved outcomes in mangled lower extremity injuries. Functional results of limb salvage have been demonstrated to surpass those of primary amputations. Developments such as the use of local fasciocutaneous flaps, vacuum-assisted closure, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have enhanced the reconstructive ladder. Despite progress, the utility of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) and Gustilo-Anderson classification remains debated, particularly in their prognostic value for limb salvage decisions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 93 patients treated for mangled lower extremities between January 2015 and October 2022. Patients were assessed for age, gender, injury location, MESS scores, Gustilo-Anderson classifications, surgical methods, and functional outcomes using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Surgical interventions included internal and external fixation, skin grafts, local flaps, muscle flaps, and free tissue transfer. LEFS scores were categorized into disability levels for functional evaluation. Correlations were drawn between LEFS and variables such as MESS, Gustilo-Anderson types, and nerve injuries. Results: Among the 93 patients, 16 had MESS ≥ 7, and 77 had MESS < 7. Reconstruction methods included local fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps (37 patients), free tissue transfer (29 patients), and skin grafting with vacuum-assisted closure (27 patients). Smoking was associated with delayed union and increased infection rates. LEFS scores were significantly lower in patients with MESS ≥ 7, Gustilo grade 3C fractures, and tibial nerve injuries. Flap failures and higher numbers of surgeries (>3) also correlated with poorer functional outcomes. Average soft tissue healing time was 18 days, and bone union time was 17 weeks. Discussion: Lower extremity reconstruction demands precise surgical planning and execution, prioritizing functional restoration. MESS and Gustilo-Anderson classifications provide useful frameworks but have limitations in predicting long-term functionality. Factors such as joint involvement, nerve injuries, and flap selection significantly influence outcomes. Smoking and delayed healing remain critical challenges. While free flaps are essential for complex defects, simpler methods yield better outcomes in suitable cases. LEFS emerged as a reliable tool.
Potential Connection Between Diarrheal Disease and an Unconfirmed Ameboid-Like Structurem
Authors: Peña Malena , Astudillo German , Di Matteo Veronica , Astesana Rosana , Fernandez Garces Alejandro , Zintgraff Jonathan
Published: January 2025

A 70-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to emergency room with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Routine stool tests for bacterial pathogens and fecal leukocytes were negative. However, microscopic examination revealed an unusual round structure with hyaline pseudopod-like extensions and a double membrane, devoid of visible internal structures or motility. Literature review suggested it might be Urbanorum sp, a controversial organism first described in the 1990s. While some studies propose Urbanorum sp. as a human pathogen, others suggest alternative explanations, such as plant-origin debris. The classification of this structure remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research to determine its true nature and potential clinical significance.