bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemetaan Kedalaman Laut Menggunakan Multibeam Echosounder, (MB1) di Perairan Punggur, Kepri
Authors: Resda Dodi Prima , Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Timbang Dirgan
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2018 di perairan Punggur untuk melakukan penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei batimetri dan pasut bertujuan mendapatkan informasi kedalaman dan posisi di perairan Punggur yang berperan untuk mendukung aktifitas di sekitar perairan Punggur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeruman menggunakan intrumen Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) System. Pasang surut mengetahui dinamika atau perubahan permukaan laut dengan demikian maka di lakukan survei batimetri dan survei pasang surut secara bersamaan yaitu pasang surut pada kegiatan survei batimetri bertujuan sebagai bidang acuan kedalaman untuk menentukan jenis/tipe Pasut dan ketinggian muka air laut rata-rata MSL(Mean Sea Level) sebagai titik referensi (titik nol) untuk pengukuran elevasi. Nilai Formzahl diketahui nilai besaran bilangan Formzahl adalah 1,35 Sehingga tipe pasut pada Perairan sekitaran pelabuhan yaitu tipe campuran condong ganda (Mixed mainly diurnal tides). Hasil pengukuran batimetri yang telah di koreksi dengan nilai MSL 1,35 meter yang menghasilkan akurasi pada nilai kedalaman. Hal ini menunjukkan dengan adanya perubahan nilai kedalaman di perairan punggur, Batam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai kedalaman di perairan punggur berkisar antara 16 sampai 25 meter di bawah permukaan laut, sehingga nilai kedalaman atau batimetri di perairan tersebut tidak termasuk berada di daerah continental shelf yang menjelaskan dengan adanya nilai topografi landai.

Kata kunci:  Batimetri, Perairan Punggur, Pasang Surut, Multibeam Echosounder (MBES)
Algorithm of phase-frequency distortion adaptive compensation for broadband signals during propagation through transionospheric channels.
Authors:   Academician M.F.Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, Lenina str., 52, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk region 662972, Russia, Batanov V.V. , Nazarov L.E. ,   Academician M.F.Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, Lenina str., 52, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk region 662972, Russia,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky sq., 1, Fryazino, Moscow region 141190, Russia
Published: September 2021

The models of distortions of digital broadband signals during their propagation through transionospheric channels which are equivalent to a linear filter with an impulse response determined by a number of parameters, in particular, the central frequency of the signals, are presented. Distortions of the phase-frequency characteristics of digital broadband signals due to the dispersion properties of the ionosphere causes time scattering and the appearance of interference noise which reduces the reliability of information systems and with certain characteristics of the radiochannel destroys their operation. This determines the relevance of developing computational procedures for processing digital signals that reduce the effectiveness of this type of interference, a characteristic property of which is the linear dependence of their power on the power of information signals. The description of the algorithm for adaptive compensation of these distortions based on the use of information signals and the formation of an inverse filter is given, which corresponds to the general concept of "blind" processing. The possibility of the considered distortion compensation for digital wideband signals with phase shift keying and achievement of probabilistic characteristics of erroneous reception providing an acceptable quality of a radiochannels for information systems has been shown by means of computer simulations.
On the Taxonomy of Atretium yunnanensis Anderson, 1879 (Squamata: Natricidae), with Redescriptions and Natural History Data of the Poorly Known Species
Authors: Cheng Yu-Qi , Ren Jin-Long , Zhu Guang-Xiang , Li Jia-Tang
Published: September 2021

Atretium yunnanensis was originally recognized as a variant of Atretium schistosum. It was subsequently elevated to full species status and has long been assigned to the natricine genus Atretium. However, the taxonomic status of A. yunnanensis still remained unevaluated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. In the present study, the generic assignment of A. yunnanensis was re-evaluated based on both morphological and genetic evidences from newly collected specimens (including topotypes). The genus Atretium was recovered as polyphyletic with reference to A. yunnanensis, whereas A. yunnanensis was nested within the genus Fowlea Theobald, 1868. Moreover, Atretium yunnanensis is morphologically closer to the members of Fowlea rather than the genus Atretium. Since the continuous recognition of A. yunnanensis in the genus Atretium will preclude the monophyly of genus Atretium, we transfer A. yunnanensis to the genus Fowlea. In addition, we provided detailed descriptions of Fowlea yunnanensis, including hemipenial description, colored photos, distribution map, and natural history.
Investigation of secondary school students' attitude towards technology and their STEM perceptions: Turkey sample
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey, Hastürk Hanife Gamze
Published: September 2021

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is an approach that develops 21st century skills such as career choice in science and engineering, entrepreneurship, innovation, creative and critical thinking. The acronym STEM stands for the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. When looking from the past to the present, it has been observed that there has been an increase in STEM studies. However, there was no study which was conducted on STEM education in Turkey mostly consisted of studies which aimed at determining the interests, attitudes and achievements of students and prospective teachers, and there was no study on the relationship between students' tendencies to technology in STEM education and their STEM perceptions. It is necessary for societies that can rapidly keep up with developing technology and innovations Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the perceptions of secondary school students towards STEM fields, determining their attitudes towards technology, students' attitudes towards technology and its use in lessons, and the total perception levels of STEM fields and sub-dimensions. The study was completed in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The data of the study were analyzed by quantitative survey model. In the study, ‘Attitude towards Technology Scale’ and ‘STEM Perception Scale’ were used as data collection tools. In the tests applied, the data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis. According to data analysis and findings, it was determined that there was a moderately significant negative relationship between the students' attitude level towards technology, and the STEM perception level. In the light of the findings, the importance of STEM education was emphasized and recommendations were made to program designers, researchers and practitioners on this subject.
Teaching with Digital Technology and the Impact on Pedagogical Changes
Authors: Mardiana Harisa , Mardiana Harisa
Published: September 2021

This study aims to investigate lecturer teaching using digital
technology and its impact on pedagogical change. The change from face-to-face
learning to online learning has implications for educational institutions.

The
problem is that many lecturers find it difficult to use digital technology in
teaching, so that it is not in line with online pedagogy and online curriculum.
The knowledge, abilities, and skills of the lecturers are questioned because
there is no such alignment. Thus the impact of pedagogical change on online
teaching is contradictory. Moreover, the components of digital technology and
pedagogical changes will be fragmented.

The
research method approach is qualitative by interviewing six lecturers who teach
at one university in Tangerang City. The findings obtained, three lecturers are
knowledgeable, capable, and skilled in using digital technology to align with
changes in online pedagogy. The other three lecturers have difficulty using
digital technology, so the institution must provide continuous training so that
learning can run smoothly.

As a result, by using
digital technology that impacts pedagogical changes and online curricula,
learning can run smoothly, despite the many difficulties in adopting digital
technology. Learning using digital technology is a 21st-century learning
process.
Acute gastroenteritis with a new coronavirus infection in Novosibirsk residents
Authors: Krasnova E. I. , Provorova V. V. , Khokhlova N. I. , Borodina E. V. , Sheronova O. B. , Tikunova N. V. , Kuznetsova V. G. , Kuimova I. V. , Izvekova I. Ya. , Panasenko L. M. , Pomogaeva A. P. , Lukashova L. V. , Evstropov A. N.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and clinical and laboratory features of acute gastroenteritis (OGE) in adult residents of Novosibirsk hospitalized with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in 2020.

Materials and methods. We examined 3581 patients aged 18 to 96 years with a diagnosis of “New coronavirus infection”, confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the mucus from the oropharynx by PCR, hospitalized in the State Medical Institution NSO GICB No. 1 in 2020. Along with the generally accepted diagnostic methods, feces were examined by PCR in 50 patients with gastrointestinal syndrome to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA using a set of original specific primers.

Results. Of the 3,581 hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, 74% of cases were diagnosed with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, and 26% of cases were diagnosed with acute respiratory infection. Manifestations of OGE were observed in 6.8% (n=243) of patients. In the group of 50 COVID-19 patients, in whom the disease began with symptoms of OGE, it came to the fore in the clinical picture of the disease in 20% of cases, and SARS-Co- V2 RNA in the feces was detected in 62% of patients.

Conclusion The established frequency of OGE in COVID-19 in adults shows the need to develop and implement in clinical practice test systems (PCR of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces) for the diagnosis of the intestinal form of a new coronavirus infection.
Precision medicine and inflammatory bowel diseases: concept, strategies, future
Authors: Bikbavova G. R. , Livzan M. A. , Novikov D. G. , Bambulskaya E. A.
Published: September 2021

With the advent of modern cellular and genomic technologies, we have become participants in the integration of such areas as personalized, predictive, preventive, and precision medicine (referred to as 4P-medicine), into practical healthcare. In replace of the classic methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases comes medicine, which makes it possible to predict (anticipate) the disease, and a personalized approach to each patient, taking into account their genetic, biochemical and physiological uniqueness. Precision medicine aims to improve the quality of medical care by opening up an individual approach to the patient and covers a wide range of areas, including drug therapy, genetics, and cause-and-effect relationships in order to make the right decisions based on evidence. 4P-medicine combines knowledge in the field of proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, bioinformatics with classical approaches of anatomy, therapy, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics as well as public health. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the information available to date and to present examples of the application of modern approaches of medicine into clinical practice by diving into the example of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The search for literature containing scientific information about relevant studies was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar systems with the use of the following keywords: precision medicine, 4P medicine, inflammatory bowel diseases. Despite significant progress in medicine in general, there is still a long way to go before implementing the principles of precision medicine in the field of IBD, since many clinicians continue to treat patients with IBD symptomatically. However, the use of specific biomarkers and new treatment strategies as described in the review, can significantly accelerate this path and contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
The method for diagnosing the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases based on a combination of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin
Authors: Kruchinina M. V. , Svetlova I. O. , Azgaldyan A. V. , Osipenko M. F. , Valuiskikh E. Yu. , Gromov A. A. , Generalov V. M. , Kruchinin V. N. , Yakovina I. N. , Osipenko I. V.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the work: to present a method for diagnosing the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases based on a combination of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin.

Materials and methods. We examined 109 patients (37.7±11.7 years) with IBD (50 with ulcerative colitis, 41 with Crohn’s disease, 18 patients with unclassified colitis), of which 36 patients were examined in dynamics for 0.5–1 years, and 53 surveyed comparison groups. Taking into account the observation in dynamics in 109 cases, the presence of exacerbation of IBD was established and in 36 cases — remission of the diseases. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied by dielectrophoresis. The level of fecal calprotectin was determined by ELISA (R-Biopharm, Germany).

Results. Differentiating values have been established for a number of erythrocyte parameters: average cell diameter, polarizability at a frequency of 106 Hz, the velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, amplitude of erythrocyte deformation at a frequency of 106 Hz, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, position of the crossover frequency and the level of fecal calprotectin to distinguish patients with IBD in stages of exacerbation and remission. The proposed method for the combined use of erythrocyte parameters and the level of fecal calprotectin provided sufficient diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 93.1%, accuracy index 92.3%. The advantages of this approach are minimally invasiveness, high productivity, independence of the definition from the qualifications and experience of a specialist, low cost and labor intensity, and acceptability for the patient. This approach allows to establish the presence of exacerbation or remission, regardless of the nosological form of IBD.

Conclusion. The combined use of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin is promising for determining the activity of the disease in patients with IBD.
Clinically significant stigmas of the severity of GERD and dissociation with the degree of damage to the esophageal mucosa — the obligatory esophagoprotection?
Authors: Matoshina I. V. , Livzan M. A. , Fedorin M. M. , Lapteva I. V.
Published: September 2021

Study goal: Identify clinically significant stigmas of reduced esophageal mucosal resistance.

Materials and methods: The study included 181 patients aged 18–70 years with gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD).

Complaints, age, sex, history of the disease, life history, physical examination data, results of laboratory and instrumental examinations, data on medication intake at the time of enrollment of the patient for the main disease and concomitant pathology were noted in the individual registration card (IRC).

Results: The study demonstrated the presence of features suggesting with a higher degree of probability a reduced esophageal mucosal resistance in a certain group of patients with GERD. Individuals with early- onset GERD, males, young adults, smokers, and individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) have a higher risk of esophageal mucosal erosions. The presence of esophageal hernia of the diaphragm (EVD), intake of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are factors that reduce esophageal mucosal resistance. The formation of erosive esophagitis is not associated with the subjective perception of GERD symptoms and does not affect the patient’s complaints.

Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of GERD are not associated with the degree of esophageal mucosal damage and cannot be a phenotypic sign of erosive esophagitis requiring mandatory prescription of an esophagoprotector. Clinically significant stigmas of decreased esophageal mucosal resistance were revealed. The need in research of expediency and efficacy of prescription of esophagoprotector in patients with GERD, having GVHD or regularly taking BCA, ASA and other NSAIDs, including obligatory estimation of therapy effi cacy taking into account patient gender and age, has been established.
Wojcieszak et al No Polarization from Partisan News IJPP Forthcoming
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena , de Leeuw Sjifra Edith , Menchen-Trevino Ericka , Lee Seungsu , Huang-Isherwood Ke Maddie , Weeks Brian
Published: September 2021

Many blame partisan news media for polarization in America. This paper examines the effects of liberal, conservative, and centrist news on affective and attitude polarization. To this end, we rely on two studies that combine two-wave panel surveys (N1 = 303, N2 = 904) with 12 months worth of web browsing data submitted by the same participants comprising roughly 38 million visits. We identify news exposure using an extensive list of news domains and develop a machine learning classifier to identify exposure to political news within these domains. The results offer a robust pattern of null findings. Exposure to partisan and centrist news websites – no matter if it is congenial or cross-cutting – does not enhance polarization. These null effects also emerge among strong and weak partisans as well as Democrats and Republicans alike. We argue that these null results accurately portray the reality of limited effects of news in the “real world.” Politics and partisan news account for a small fraction of citizens’ online activities, less than 2% in our trace data, and are nearly unnoticeable in the overall information and communication ecology of most individuals.
Innocence over utilitarianism - Heightened Moral Standards for Robots in Rescue Dilemmas PREPRINT
Authors: Sundvall Jukka Reima Ilmari , Drosinou Marianna , Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez , Elovaara Kaisa , Halonen Juho , Herzon Volo , Kopecky Robin , Jirout Košová Michaela , Koverola Mika , Kunnari Anton , Perander Silva , Saikkonen Teemu , Palomäki Jussi , Laakasuo Michael
Published: September 2021

Research in moral psychology has found that robots, more than humans, are expected to make utilitarian decisions. This expectation is found specifically when contrasting utilitarian action to deontological inaction. In a series of eight experiments (total N = 3752), we compared judgments about robots’ and humans’ decisions in a rescue dilemma with no possibility of deontological inaction. A robot’s decision to rescue an innocent victim of an accident was judged more positively than the decision to rescue two people culpable for the accident (Studies 1-2b). This pattern repeated in a large-scale web survey (Study 3, N = ~19000) and reversed when all victims were equally culpable/innocent (Study 5). Differences in judgments about humans’ and robots’ decisions were largest for norm-violating decisions. In sum, robots are not always expected to make utilitarian decisions, and their decisions are judged differently from those ofhumans based on other moral standards as well.
COVID-19 personal protective behaviors during mass events: Lessons from observational measures in Wales, UK.
Authors: Gould Ashley , Lewis Lesley , Evans Lowri , Greening Leanne , Howe-Davies Holly , Naughton Martin , West Jonathan , Roberts Chris , Parkinson John
Published: September 2021

Within the context of reopening society in the summer of 2021, as the UK moved away from ’lockdown,’ the Government of Wales piloted the return on organised ‘mass gatherings’ of people at a number of test events. Behavioral observations were made at two of the test events to support this process. The research was particularly interested in four key factors: How (1) context within a venue, (2) environmental design, (3) staffing and social norms, and (4) time across an event, affected personal protective behaviors of social distancing, face covering use, and hand hygiene. Data collection was undertaken by trained observers across the above factors. Findings suggest that adherence of attendees was generally high, but with clear indications that levels were shaped in a systematic way by the environment, situational cues, and the passage of time during the events. Some instances of large-scale non-adherence to personal protective behaviors were documented. Overall, there were three main situations where behavioral adherence broke down, under conditions where: (1) staff were not present; (2) there was a lack of environmental signalling (including physical interventions or communications); and (3) later into the events when circumstances were less constrained and individuals appeared less cognitively vigilant. Behavioral observations at events can add precision and identify critical risk situations where/when extra effort is required. The findings suggest a liberal paternal approach whereby state authorities, health authorities and other key organisations can help nudge individuals towards COVID-safe behaviors. Finally, an individual’s intentions are not always matched by their actions, and so behavioral insights can help identify situations and contexts where people are most likely to require additional support to ensure COVID-19 personal protective behaviors are followed and hence protecting themselves and others.
The formation and functioning of the Airbnb neo-tribe
Authors: Hardy Anne , Dolnicar Sara , Vorobjovas-Pinta Oscar
Published: September 2021

Some Airbnb host communities display the characteristics of neo-tribes. The neo-tribe literature offers rich insights into the life of a neo-tribe, but their formation and ongoing functioning remain under-researched. This paper investigates these issues using a netnographic approach that explored the formation and practices of a Tasmanian Airbnb Host Forum. The results reveal the reason for its formation and the functions of the neo-tribe, particularly as a support mechanism for hosts and defiance against perceived marginalisation by the tourism industry that has refused to embrace hosts; residents who viewed hosts as traitors; the government who regulates their entrepreneurial activities; and the media who vilified them. This study contributes to theory by developing knowledge on the stages of neo-tribal formation, and the influence that these stages have upon the ongoing function of the tribe.
POPULATION CONDITIONS OF ECHINOIDEA AND CORAL REEF COVERS IN PONCAN GODANG ISLAND, SIBOLGA, NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Adni Nainul , Mulyadi Aras , Thamrin Thamrin
Published: September 2021

Poncan Godang Island is included in the appropriate category based on the suitability of land for the Sibolga tourist area, with the presence of tourism activities that can also affect the amount of biodiversity in it. Considering the importance of coral reefs for biodiversity and sea urchins which also have a role in coral reef ecosystems, it is necessary to conduct research on the condition of sea urchins population and the percentage of coral reefs on Poncan Godang Island. Sea urchin and coral reef data were collected using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method by monitoring directly on the transect line along 50 meters. The results obtained indicate that the population of sea urchins in the waters of Poncan Godang Island, North Sumatra can be described, that sea urchins do not affect the coral reef ecosystem because at stations 1 and 5 there is no sea urchin and the percentage of coral cover is classified as bad, but at station 3 there are 32 individuals with coral reef cover conditions, while at stations with The percentage of good coral cover is that at station 4 there are only 25 individuals, as well as at station 2 where the percentage of coral cover is higher than station 3 and there are no sea urchins
CORAL REEF COVER RELATIONSHIP TO POMACENTRIDAE AND PHYTOPLANKTON CORAL FISH IN KASIAK ISLAND OF WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Sitohang Margaretha Sri Ulina , Nurrachmi Irvina , Thamrin Thamrin
Published: September 2021

Kasiak Island is one of the islands located in the waters of Pariaman, West Sumatra, and located right in front of Pariaman City. Around the sea, the island is surrounded by coral reefs and is a protected area. In the aquatic area of Kasiak Island has never been conducted research on the relationship of coral reef cover to the coral Pomacentridae and phytoplankton. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on this matter in the waters of Kasiak Island, West Sumatra Province. Data collection of coral reef cover is done by the LIT (Line Intercept transect) method with a transect length of 50 meters at a depth of 5 meters using scuba equipment. Coral fish observation is done by UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method with a transect length of 50 meters and an observation area of 2.5 meters left and right at a depth of 5 meters. Phytoplankton sampling is conducted during the day at 11.00 to 15.00 WIB at five points of the station with a depth of 5 meters using Vandorn water sampler volume 2 L with a total take of 100 L, then filtered using Plankton net no 25 and inserted into a sample bottle of 125 ml, then preserved using Lugol 4% as much as 4-6 drops, after which analyzed in the laboratory. Based on the results there is a very strong relationship between coral cover to the abundance of coral fish, where coral cover contributes to the abundance of coral fish by 93.87%, which means that the higher the percentage of coral cover the more species and abundance of coral fish are found. Then the a strong relationship between coral reef cover and phytoplankton abundance, where coral reef cover contributes to the abundance of phytoplankton by 56.37%, which means an increase in the percentage of coral reef cover along with the increasing abundance of phytoplankton.
ABILITY OF AMILOLYTIC BACTERIA (Bacillus paramycoides and Enterobacter cloacae) IN DEGRADING ORGANIC MATERIALS OF MANGROVE LITTLE
Authors: Putri Redila Aprilivia , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani , Feliatra Feliatra
Published: September 2021

This study aims to find out that Bacillus paramycoides and Enterobacter cloacae bacteria can produce amylase enzymes and have the ability to degrade organic matter, especially mangrove litter. From this study it was found that the optimal growth of B.paramycoides and E. cloacae bacteria occurred at 12th hour. The results of measurements and calculations of absorbance values ​​at 630 10.238 x 108 cells/mL (B. paramycoides) and 12.030 x 108 cells/mL (E. cloacae) using the spectrophotometric method. Meanwhile, with the TPC method at 12 hours, the number of bacterial cells was 2.08 x 108 CFU's/ml (B. paramycoides) and 2.44 x 108 CFU's/ml (E. cloacae). The ability to produce the largest amylolytic bacterial amylase enzyme also occurred at 12 hours as much as 0.306 mg/mL (B.paramycoides) with an increase of 0.046 mg/mL and 0.243 mg/mL (E. cloacae) with an increase of 0.028 mg/mL. The bacteria that have the highest amylase enzyme ability is E.cloacae as evidenced by the diameter of the clear zone of 10.10 mm. Testing the ability of amylolytic bacteria in degrading mangrove litter was carried out by adding amylase enzyme as much as 0%, 50% and 100%. Amylolytic bacteria can degrade organic matter by hydrolyzing starch contained in mangrove litter. The most degraded starch content was in the 100% enzyme treatment, which was 1.021 mg/mL (B. paramycoides) and 1.189 mg/mL (E.cloacae).
KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANATOMIS BIJI MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.)
Authors: Prajnaparamita Kandida , Susanti Siti
Published: September 2021

Melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) have many benefits, that it is necessary to know its morphological and anatomical characters. This study aimed to determine differences in morphological characters and anatomical development of melinjo seeds at four seed maturity stages. The morphological observation was carried out based on the quantitative and organoleptic characteristics of the melinjo seeds: outer envelope, size, and the color of the middle envelope. Seed development was anatomically observed in slides prepared with a non-embedding method using a sliding microtome then observed through a microscope. The outer seed envelope has a green to blackish-red color in the final stage, while the seed middle envelope has a light-brown to dark-brown in the final stage. The inner seed envelope is thin, non-rigid, and attached on the outside of the endosperm. The seeds' length ranges from ±1,5 cm until ±2,25 cm at the end-stage; seeds width are 1 cm – 1,18 cm; seeds diameter are 1 cm – 1,16 cm. The anatomical development showed tissue thickening and differentiation. The middle envelope is getting thicker: 318,84 μm to 397,29 μm. Endosperm tissue cells undergo cell compaction as the seeds ripen. At the same time, embryonic tissue differentiation forms hypocotyl, epicotyl, and cotyledon.
DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Wahyuni Ayu , Bayti Cut Shaviatul , Purnama Aufa Rindu , Wahyundari Lidya
Published: September 2021

At current, the Covid-19 pandemic is a global health threat with confirmed cases and high mortality. WHO declared this outbreak a global pandemic because the transmission of this virus was very fast and most countries in the world also  exposed to it. Recent data updating the number of confirmed patients worldwide is 23,491,520 positive cases. Indonesia is one of the countries that has been exposed to this virus  the beginning of March until now on 25 August 2020, there were 157,859 confirmed cases spread across 34 provinces and 415 districts / cities. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact the teachers, students and parents felt during the Covid 19 pandemic during the implementation of online learning. This study used a method descriptive analysis content. This method is used to describe some information about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on implementing online learning. The results of this study are the impact on teacher performance, that is, the loss of teacher motivation in teaching and there are teachers who do not understand use of electronic devices, the impact on the learning process is that students are not familiar with the distance learning process,Impact on parents as student guardians is issue between students and teachers and economic conditions can affect the learning process of the students.  In the midst of this pandemic, parents are very influential in children's development, such as trying to create a supportive environment to motivate children in learning with these different situations, and the government is expected to participate in embracing the complaints and needs of children in learning, for example internet quotas. Hopefully with joint efforts, the pandemic will end quickly and we can return to building a pleasant situation better than before.
IDENTIFIKASI KESULITAN MAHASISWA DALAM PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI PRODI PGSD UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
Authors: Zain Muhammad Irawan , Radiusman Radiusman , Syazali Muhammad , Hasnawati Hasnawati , Amrullah Lalu Wira Zain
Published: September 2021

This qualitative research aims to identify the difficulties experienced by students in completing their paper assignments. This research was conducted on 144 students and alumni of PGSD University of Mataram. This research was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the research was conducted online. Data collection tools in this study were questionnaires and interviews. The research data analysis was conducted qualitatively. Based on the results of questionnaires and interviews conducted, several factors were identified that cause student to experience difficulties in completing paper, including individuals themselves, student agencies, families, and pandemic conditions. Based on the research results obtained, it takes several efforts that must be made by the institution in solving the problem of paper preparation, including strengthening cooperation between thesis supervisors, academic supervisors, validator lecturers, and completing and adding reference sources in institutional libraries.
PENGEMBANGAN SOAL STATISTIKA BERBASIS MICROSOFT POWER POINT VISUAL BASIC FOR APPLICATION (VBA)
Authors: Rodliyah Iesyah , Saraswati Sari
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the results of the development of statistical questions presented by utilizing Microsoft Power Point applications based on Visual Basic for Applications. The development model in this study uses the ADDIE model which stands for analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research trial used several subjects including two validators, namely material experts and media experts, as well as mathematics education students who took statistics courses. Data collection techniques were carried out through test and questionnaire methods. While the data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive analysis. This development research resulted in a product in the form of statistical test questions in the form of multiple choice questions consisting of five questions and packaged in a macro VBA-based Microsoft Power Point application. The results showed that the questions developed met the valid, reliable, and sensitive categories. In addition, the products developed have also met the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective for use.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SD NEGERI SE KECAMATAN DUMAI BARAT KOTA DUMAI
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Isjoni Isjoni , Afrianto Afrianto
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of principal's leadership and teacher's work motivation, either individually or jointly on employee performance. The research was conducted in SDN in Dumai Barat sub-district, Dumai City with the research subjects being teachers in SDN in Dumai Barat sub-district, Dumai City, the method used was a survey with correlation technique, the research sample was teachers at SDN in the sub-district of West Dumai City. Dumai totaling 150. The instrument used to collect data on principals' leadership, work motivation and performance was using a questionnaire. The validity of the test items using the product moment formula and the instrument reliability coefficients were calculated using the Cronbach alpha formula. The results of this study indicate that: 1) there is a significant and positive influence between the principal's leadership on performance; 2) there is a significant and positive effect between teacher work motivation on performance; 3) there is a significant and positive influence between the principal's leadership and the work motivation of teachers on performance together. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the improvement and improvement of the performance of principals and teachers in public elementary schools throughout the West Dumai sub-district, Dumai City.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER PRAMUKA SDN 18 PURNAMA KECAMATAN DUMAI BARAT
Authors: Sufriani Ina , Saam Zulfan , Caska Caska
Published: September 2021

Character provides an overview of a nation, as a marker of characterization, as well as differentiating a nation from another. Character is the direction of how the nation will pass through an era and deliver it to a certain degree. A great nation is a nation that has character that is able to build a civilization of Saleh, (2012: 1). Character education which is systematically applied to one of the formal school institutions, namely Elementary School (SD) is a fairly good progress. The students acquire positive behaviors and habits that can increase their self-confidence. Character education applied to formal educational institutions can also be a means of civilizing and humanizing Noviani, (2011: 205-215). Data was collected through interviews, documentation and observation. Analysis of the data in this study with the following steps: Data Reduction, Data Presentation, Conclusion Drawing and Verification From the results of data analysis carried out on the impact of scouting activities in shaping the character of discipline and responsibility, namely rewards and punishments, direct orders and directions, and conditioning for every action. The achievement of 4 indicators of discipline and responsibility in keeping the lesson schedule such as doing the assigned tasks, discipline and responsibility in respecting time, students do not procrastinate on work, especially worship, self-discipline and responsibility focusing on students' independence and discipline and responsibility in maintaining physical condition, namely students are able to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MELALUI PENGGUNAAN PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 KECAMATAN KELAYANG KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU
Authors: CHARNELL CHRIESTYLL ANJLA
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the implementation of teaching activities of teachers by using Snowball Throwing models for eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency, 2) To find out the implementation of student activity learning using Snowball Throwing models for VIII grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang Regency of Indragiri Hulu, 3) To find out the extent of the success of teaching and learning by using Snowball Throwing models in class VIII students of SMPN 1 Kelayang Regency of Indragiri Hulu. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. The subjects in this study were all students of class VIII1 of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency, amounting to 33 people. The data analysis technique in this research uses descriptive quantitative. The results showed that student learning outcomes have increased with the average daily cycle repetition is 68.63% and increased on the daily cycle II replications by obtaining an average value of 72.87%. Then it can be concluded that by using the Snowball Throwing model can be the results of learning history subjects of eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency.
Replacement of Professional Photogrammetric Workstations with Low Cost or Free of Charge Photogrammetric Software and Services for Image Triangulation and Image Matching
Authors: Kumar Umesh
Published: September 2021

In the modern context of digital technology in the field of surveying and mapping, the technique of digital photogrammetry plays crucial role in all steps of mapping. There are some very expensive as well as low cost and free softwares are available in the market for professional photogrammetric work stations. The image triangulation and image matching is one of the very important steps of photogrammetry for which LPS as a commercial software is available in market. There are some low cost and free software as 123D Catch and Patch Boased Multi View Stereo Softwear (PMVS) also available. So, this paper mainly deals with the accuracy as well as the performance of those software for aerial triangulation and image matching for airborne image data to substitute commercial software for photogrammetric workstations. The accuracy assessment of image orientation, points cloud as well as DSM generated from those points cloud are also performed and compared with all products of LPS as commercial software. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 42-48
Implementasi API Payment Gateway Menggunakan Arsitektur Microservice
Authors: Julio Erry , Pakereng Magdalena A Ineke
Published: September 2021

Untuk melakukan integrasi pembayaran online, PT. Emporia Digital Raya perlu membuat aplikasi Payment Gateway yang dapat meneruskan pembayaran ke bank tujuan. Arsitektur microservice dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah yang ada pada arsitektur monolithic dimana pengembangan aplikasi dilakukan dalam bentuk web service kecil yang saling berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lain. Dengan menggunakan konsep routing, payment gateway memiliki tanggung jawab seperti router dimana payment gateway berperan mencari rute ke bank mana data akan dikirimkan. Payment gateway akan memproses request dan membaca fields beneficiaryBankCode untuk menacari rute. Jika bank tujuan tidak ditemukan maka payment gateway akan menjalankan query dan mencari rute berdasarkan prioritas yang telah ditentukan oleh PT. Emporia Digital Raya.
“Africa Claiming Her Own”: Unveiling Natural Hair and African Diasporic Identity in Lorraine Hansberry’s UnabridgedA Raisin in the Sun
Authors: Kennon Raquel
Published: September 2021

In the phantasmagoric performance that begins the second act of Lorraine Hansberry’s classic A Raisin in the Sun (1959), Beneatha Younger emerges with a short “close-cropped” natural style after cutting off her straightened hair offstage. Although this is a seemingly minor theatrical moment, hair in this scene and Hansberry’s work and life serves as a powerful dramatic signifier, a political tool for self-understanding and liberation, and a cultural bridge between African and African diasporic identity. Drawing from archival material concerning the original 1957 playscript, Tracy Heather Strain’s 2017 documentary Sighted Eyes/Feeling Hands, and recent scholarship, this article examines how Beneatha asserts her own body politics and corporeal scripting in her interactions with two romantic prospects, Joseph Asagai and George Murchison, to argue that her relationship with each suitor represents the complicated ways she wrestles with the meaning of the African diaspora. By embracing her natural hair and making deliberate aesthetic self-fashioning choices, Beneatha reclaims an ancestral African identity and cultivates a global Black consciousness that ultimately exceeds specific performances of dress, dance, and hair.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TYMOSHENKO METHOD AND THE Γ-METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF CLT PANELS STRENGTH BY BENDING.
Authors: Bidakov A. , Pustovoitova O. , Raspopov I. , Strashko B.
Published: September 2021

The γ-method and the Timoshenko method are most often used for calculation the bending strength of CLT panels, the latter of which takes into account the transverse shear deformations of the transverse layers of boards, which are due to the significant difference between the modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus apply the method of Timoshenko's beams. The γ-method treats the CLT panel as a beam on flexible joints, similar to the Derevyagin system beam on plate dowels or Kubler cubes, where the transverse layers of the boards are considered as flexible joints and are not taken into account when calculating the geometric characteristics of cross sections of CLT panels. Taking into account the amount of shear for each type of panels, depending on the configuration of the cross-sectional components, is performed by introducing shear correction factors, which in turn depend on the thickness of the CLT panel layers and their distance from the center of gravity of the panel. The γ-method, like Timoshenko's method, is used in engineering practice more often than the shear analogy method. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, as it has a number of specific assumptions to simplify the calculations. This paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the γ-method and the Timoshenko method, which are the most common and are contained in many technical opinions of various manufacturers of CLT panels.
SYSTEM-MODEL APPROACH TO THE RESEARCH OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PERSONAL TRAINING WITH HIGHER EDUCATION FOR THE FIELD OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE
Authors: Rybkina S.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of applying the system-model approach for the analysis of foreign experience in the development of the system of professional education of specialists in the field of public administration. The main method is a comparative analysis of approaches to the training of public managers in different countries, combined with the generalization of empirical experience to gain an idea of global development trends in the study area. It is shown that the system-model approach is the most productive for determining the latter.

The article analyzes the main models of development of vocational education systems of public managers in the context of the peculiarities of management systems and socio-cultural factors of different countries. At the same time, those aspects of foreign experience that can be used for the formation and development of the domestic model of professional education of public managers are highlighted. The managerial and social context of using certain components of the analyzed models for reforming the process of managerial training in Ukraine is determined. The generalizations concerning global paradigmatic (model) directions of development of system of professional education of professional managers which should serve as a basis of planning of domestic reforms in the researched sphere are carried out.
COMPETITION MODEL OF SPEED CLIMBERS IN CLIMBING
Authors: Shunko A. , Sinitsyn S.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the record wall in speed climbing from the point of view of various characteristics: biomechanical, physiological and tactical. The record wall is divided into three parts according to the specifics of the performed technical actions and the possible order of their application. The boundaries of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to competitive activity were determined depending on the pace of climbing. The international competitions for 2019 were analyzed and conclusions were drawn about the priorities in choosing tactical decisions during the competitive season.
ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OFTEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Verkhovykh I.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of perception and the specifics of the course of the perception process in a younger student. Effective methods for enriching his vocabulary are described. It is concluded that vocabulary work is the leading direction in the development of a child's speech activity and requires a high level of professionalism and certain pedagogical efforts from the teacher.
ANISOTROPY OF THE BACKGROUND MICROWAVE RADIATION OF THE UNIVERSE AND MASSIVE PHOTON PAIRS
Authors: Mirzoeva I.
Published: September 2021

The paper considers the issue of the anomalously low temperature dispersion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) of the Universe, which was discovered by researchers R. Penrose and V. Gurzadyan according to the data of the WMAP and Planck missions. A new explanation of this phenomenon is given as evidence of residual traces in the CMB after the occurrence of multiple instabilities in the vacuum phase of matter in the first moments of the development of our Universe. It is these instabilities that have become the centers of the emergence of the fundamental mass of matter – massive photon pairs (ultralight scalar bosons). Theoretical and experimental evidence of the connection of CMB with massive photon pairs is presented using data from the Interball-Tail Probe, RHESSI and XMM-Newton missions.