bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soil Test Crop Response Approach on Yield, Nutrient Content and Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumari Naresh , Kharia Sushil Kumar , Lal Mandeewal Rameshwr , Kumar Rojh Mahendra , Yadav Anita , Kumari Sonu
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2018-19 under AICRP project on Soil Test Crop Response at Agricultural Research Station, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner to find out the effect of soil test crop response approach on yield, nutrient content and uptake of wheat. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatment combinations viz. general recommendation dose, soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 30 q ha-1, soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 30 q ha-1 with integrated plant nutrient system, soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 40 q ha-1 and soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 40 q ha-1 with integrated plant nutrient system with four replications. Research finding of long term field experiment revealed that application of soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 40 q ha-1 with integrated plant nutrient system gave maximum number of effective tillers m-1 row length, spike length, number of grains spike-1, weight of grains spike-1, test weight, grain yield (4026 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5629 kg ha-1) of wheat which was found statistically at par with soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 30 q ha-1 with integrated plant nutrient system. Application of soil test crop response recommendation for target yield 40 q ha-1 with integrated plant nutrient system also improved the N, P and K content and their uptake by grain and straw of wheat. These study results proved that soil test crop response recommendation with integrated plant nutrient system gave better results of all parameters in the comparison of general recommendation dose and soil test crop response without integrated plant nutrient system.
Frequency Risk Factors and Pattern of Congenital Anomalies in Neonates in Nawabshah Pakistan
Authors: Arijo Sadaruddin , Ali Jamali Ameer , Langah Azizullah , Nadeem Jamali Asif , Siyal Habibullah , Ali Jamali Safdar , Ahmer Arslan
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, risk factors and pattern of congenital anomalies in neonates admitted at a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Research was conducted at NICU Pediatric ward, PMCH Nawabshah. Duration of study was 6 months after the approval of synopsis from January 2020 to July 2020. This study involved 300 neonates in NICU which were screened for congenital anomalies. Age, gender and birth weight of the neonate was recorded. Mothers were also enquired about consanguinity and use of folic acid and smoking and diabetic status during pregnancy. Frequency and type of birth defect were noted and were compared across various subgroups based on various neonatal and maternal factors.

Results: The mean age of the neonates was 10.5±7.4 days while the mean birth weight was 2.89±0.74 Kg. There were 174 (58.0%) male and 126 (42.0%) female neonates with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. 77 (25.7%) neonates were low birth weight. Birth defect was noted in 35 (11.7%) neonates. 3 neonates had multiple anomalies. The frequency of birth defects was significantly higher in women with no use of folic acid during pregnancy (14.8% vs. 5.2%; p-value=0.015) and cousin marriage (16.6% vs. 2.8%; p-value<0.001).

Conclusion: In the present study, 11.7% of neonates had birth defects comprising of congenital hydrocele, spina bifida, cleft lip/palate and club foot that were associated with lack of folic acid use during pregnancy and cousin marriages. Public awareness against cousin marriages and antenatal counseling of mothers for routine folic acid use during pregnancy should be assured for this.
PERKEMBANGAN MORAL MENURUT KOHLBERG DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRISTEN TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN MORAL ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Purba Romirio Torang
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan moral anak menurut Kohlberg dan implementasinya dalam perspektif Kristen terhadap pendidikan moral anak di sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan mencakup tiga langkah: tahap orientasi, tahap eksplorasi, dan tahap terfokus. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan kegiatan reduksi data, penyajian data, interpretatif data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan moral anak sekolah dasar dapat dididik melalui dua hal. Pertama, untuk kelas satu-tiga sekolah dasar, pendidikan moral anak dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian konsekuensi positif terhadap perilaku yang berkesesuaian dengan perintah-perintah Tuhan dan pemberian konsekuensi negatif terhadap perilaku yang bertentangan dengannya. Kedua, untuk kelas empat-enam sekolah dasar, pendidikan moral anak dapat dilakukan melalui diskusi aktif yang melibatkan konflik kognitif mengenai isu moral dalam kelas pembelajaran.
VIDEO EDUKASI UNTUK MENCEGAH ANAK-ANAK KORBAN PERCERAIAN MELAKUKAN PERILAKU NEGATIF
Authors: Rombeallo Monica
Published: April 2022

Anak-anak dalam masa pertumbuhan memerlukan kehadiran orang tua untuk membimbing dan mendidik mereka. Setiap anak juga memerlukan kasih sayang dan perlindungan dari orang tua. Akan tetapi banyak anak-anak korban perceraian yang tidak bisa merasakan hal tersebut. Anak-anak korban perceraian bisa dikategorikan sebagai anak dalam resiko. Perilaku negatif bisa dilakukan oleh siapa saja, terlebih anak dalam resiko. Guru, orang tua dan bahkan gereja perlu bekerja sama untuk menolong anak-anak tersebut. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan konseling bagi anak. Akan tetapi, banyak sekolah yang belum bisa memberikan fasilitas tersebut bagi anak-anaknya. Video sebagai media edukasi bagi anak sangat menolong untuk mengingatkan dan mendidik anak agar tidak melakukan perilaku negatif. Oleh karena itu, penulis membuat sebuah video edukasi untuk membantu anak-anak korban perceraian memahami kondisinya dan menolong mereka untuk berdamai dengan keadaan yang saat ini mereka sedang hadapi. Diharapkan setelah menonton video ini, anak-anak menjadi tahu bahwa mereka berharga, dan menolong mereka agar tidak melakukan perilaku negatif.
STUDI META-ANALISIS HUBUNGAN MEMBACA ALKITAB DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Tefa Darvis Arthur
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan antara membaca Alkitab dengan hasil belajar. Membaca Alkitab adalah sebuah kebutuhan bagi guru dan siswa. Dengan membaca Alkitab siswa dapat memahami tujuan Tuhan dalam menciptakannya. Dengan memaknai maksud dan tujuan Tuhan dalam hidup, siswa mampu menunjukan hasil belajar yang baik. Hasil belajar siswa dapat berupa prestasi akademik maupun perubahan perilaku siswa di sekolah. Siswa dikatakan berhasil dalam belajar jika memiliki prestasi akademik yang tinggi dan perubahan perilaku di sekolah yang semakin positif. Cara mengukur kemampuan atau pemahaman siswa dalam membaca Alkitab dapat dilakukan dengan literasi Alkitab. Melalui literasi Alkitab, guru dapat memahami bahwa membaca Alkitab memiliki hubungan dengan hasil belajar siswa walaupun tidak terlalu kuat.
Fluid identities, shifting sands
Authors: Lelong Olivia , Booth Thomas , Evans Jane , Hamilton Derek , Keely Brendan J , Kilpatrick Maureen , Kirk Susanna , Lamb Angela , McLaren Dawn , Ramsay Susan , Sheridan Alison
Published: April 2022

Excavations in 2009 and 2010 on Cnip Headland, Isle of Lewis (NGR: NB 0998 3656) investigated three different burials in shallow pits and on a kerbed mound, containing the inhumed remains of at least nine individuals in both articulated and disarticulated states. Bone histology analysis indicates that the bodies of all but one (a stillborn infant) were allowed to decay and become partly or wholly skeletonised before being buried at this spot. Worn jet beads, a copper-alloy awl and pieces of boar tusk and marine ivory accompanied some of the remains. The burials lay around a cairn, which previous excavations have shown was built in the 3rd millennium BC and then rebuilt twice, with both cremated and unburnt human remains incorporated in it. Another inhumation burial in a stone-lined pit close to the cairn was excavated in the 1990s. Bayesian analysis indicates that the cairn’s first reconstruction and the placing of human remains around it took place over a period of up to 150 years between 1770 and 1620 BC. The headland’s long use for rites involving human remains illuminates relationships between living communities and their lineages in Early Bronze Age north-west Scotland.
Pós-graduação Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas
Authors: Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: April 2022

A congregação do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde e a Câmara de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação da UniversidadeFederal da Bahia em 19 de dezembro de 2007 e 22 de janeiro de 2008, respectivamente, aprovaram,por unanimidade, a criação do Programa de Pós-graduação Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas.Este Programa sustentado na Área de Concentração denominada Estudo Integrado dos Órgãos e Sistemas,face à natureza transversal de suas linhas de pesquisa e sua correspondente estrutura curricular, tem sobsua responsabilidade formar Mestres e Doutores.
MAPEANDO CONTROVÉRSIAS PÚBLICAS RELIGIOSAS ENTRE ALFAEOMEGUENSES
Authors: Macedo Sousa da Silva Mardson Alves
Published: April 2022

A proposta do texto foi compreender alguns processos de disputas relacionados aos participantes do movimento Alfa e Ômega. Este grupo evangélico surgiu no Brasil a algumas décadas, na Universidade Federal da Bahia, atuando em prol da evangelização de universitários.  Durante o ano de 2016 desenvolvi uma etnografia junto a este grupo, o mesmo é composto por jovens de diversas denominações evangélicas. Neste artigo tratei da concepção latouriana de grupos e anti-grupos, a fim de identificar algumas fronteiras desenhadas pelos alfaeomeguenses, por fim algumas controvérsias públicas. A primeira envolveu duas pessoas do movimento, em uma disputa em torno do termo balada, colocando em questão sobre a relação religião e cultura, e os limites da adaptação do grupo a práticas seculares com a finalidade de evangelização. O segundo caso acerca da laicidade no espaço universitário. É em meio as controvérsias que os atores justificam suas posições, neste momento temos mais condições de acessar formas de interpretar e agir frente aos problemas.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A AUTOETNOGRAFIA
Authors: Maia Suzana , Batista Jeferson dos Santos
Published: April 2022

Resenha de livro.
DOSSIÊ EXPERIÊNCIAS ETNOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Capinan Ubiraneila Capinan , Carvalho Maria Rosário de , Pavelic Nathalie Le Bouler , Reesink Edwin B.
Published: April 2022

"O Dossiê Experiências Etnográficas se propôs a reunir propostas documentais e/ou experimentais, empíricas, apontamentos metodológicos e/ou reflexões teóricas sobre a produção etnográfica na contemporaneidade. A significativa acolhida ao edital – 25 artigos submetidos – foi um indicador do interesse suscitado pelo tema junto ao conjunto de autores, alguns dos quais estão lançando mão da etnografia pela primeira vez..."
Determination of the electronic portal imaging device pixel‐sensitivity‐map for quality assurance applications. Part 2: Photon beam dependence
Authors: Barnes Michael Paul , Sun Baozhou , Oborn Brad Michael , Lamichhane Bishnu , Szwec Stuart , Schmidt Matthew , Cai Bin , Menk Frederick , Greer Peter
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The EPID PSM is a useful EPID calibration method for QA applications. The dependence of the EPID PSM on the photon beam used to acquire it has been investigated in this study for the four available PSM methods. The aim is to inform upon the viability of applying a single PSM for all available photon beams to simplify PSM implementation and maintenance.

Methods

Four methods of PSM determination were each measured once in a single session on a single TrueBeam ® STx linac using 6 MV, 10 MV, 6 MV Flattening‐Filter‐Free (FFF), and 10 MV FFF photon beams. The resultant PSM was assessed for both intra‐ and inter‐method beam dependence via comparison between PSM of the same method compared to the 6 MV PSM and via comparison between PSM of the same beam with the corresponding Monte Carlo PSM. Comparisons were performed via 2D percentage deviation plots with associated histograms, 1D crossplane profiles, and via mean, median, and standard deviation percentage deviation statistics. Generated beam‐response was compared qualitatively via 1D crossplane profile comparison and quantitatively via symmetry assessment with comparison to the IC profiler device.

Results

The Varian method provided the most consistent PSM with varying photon beam, with median percent deviation from the 6 MV PSM within 0.14% for all other beams. Qualitatively, each method provided similar beam‐response profiles. The measured beam‐response symmetry agreed to within 0.2% between the Calvary Mater Newcastle (CMN) method and IC profiler, but agreement reduced to within 0.9% and 2.2% for the Varian and WashU methods. PSM percent deviation with Monte Carlo PSM was within 0.75% for all methods and beams.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the PSM may be independent of photon beam to clinically relevant levels. The Varian method of PSM determination introduces the least beam dependence into the measured PSM.
Beyond Skin Pressure Sensing: 3D Printed Laminated Graphene Pressure Sensing Material Combines Extremely Low Detection Limits with Wide Detection Range
Authors: Cao Kunli , Wu Miao , Bai Jiabao , Wen Zhen , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Tianyi , Peng Meiwen , Liu Tao , Jia Zheng , Liang Zhiqiang , Jiang Lin
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence robots predicted in sci‐fi movies have attracted increasing attention in recent years, and much effort has been devoted to improving the sensing and manipulation performance of robots. The development of robotic skins capable of handling complex external pressure environments is highly desired for intelligent robots. However, this remains a major challenge due to the lack of pressure sensing materials that can combine extremely low detection limits and wide detection ranges. Inspired by the synergistic strategy of dual mechanoreceptors in human skin, here, the design and 3D printing of laminated graphene pressure sensing materials consisting of both ultrathin‐ and thick‐walled cellular microstructures are demonstrated. Based on such laminated graphene, the piezoresistive pressure sensor achieves a low detection limit of 1 Pa, a wide detection range (1 Pa–400 kPa), and high sensitivities of 3.1 and 0.22 kPa−1 in the pressure regions of 1 Pa–13 kPa and 13−400 kPa, respectively, and the laminated graphene‐based skin enables quantitative pressure/weight detection. This laminated graphene can be easily integrated into flexible pressure sensing arrays that enable mapping the spatial distribution of pressure, showing great potential for applications such as electronic skin, physiological signal monitoring, and human–machine interfaces.
Nanostructured Metallic Glass in a Highly Upgraded Energy State Contributing to Efficient Catalytic Performance
Authors: Pei Chaoqun , Chen Shuangqin , Zhao Tianchen , Li Mai , Cui Zhaotao , Sun Baoan , Hu Sigui , Lan Si , Hahn Horst , Feng Tao
Published: April 2022

Metallic glasses (MGs), with high density of low coordination sites and high Gibbs free energy state, are novel promising and competitive candidates in the family of electrochemical catalysts. However, it remains a grand challenge to modify the properties of MGs by control of the disordered atomic structure. Recently, nanostructured metallic glasses (NGs), consisting of amorphous nanometer‐sized grains connected by amorphous interfaces, have been reported to exhibit tunable properties compared to the MGs with identical chemical composition. Here, it is demonstrated that electrodeposited Ni–P NG is characterized by an extremely high energy state due to its heterogeneous structure, which significantly promotes the catalytic performance. Moreover, the Ni–P NG with a heterogeneous structure is a perfect precursor for the fabrication of unique honey‐like nanoporous structure, which displays superior catalytic performance in the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Specifically, modified Ni–P NG requires a potential of mere 1.36 V at 10 mA cm–2, with a Tafel slope of 13 mV dec–1, which is the best UOR performance in Ni‐based alloys. The present work demonstrates that the nanostructurization of MGs provides a universal and effective pathway to upgrade the energy state of MGs for the design of high‐performance catalysts in energy conversion.
Near‐Infrared‐II Plasmonic Trienzyme‐Integrated Metal–Organic Frameworks with High‐Efficiency Enzyme Cascades for Synergistic Trimodal Oncotherapy
Authors: Zhou Guangzhi , Li Ming
Published: April 2022

Natural enzyme‐based catalytic cascades hold great promise for cancer therapy, but their clinical utility is greatly hindered by the loss of their functions during in vivo delivery. Herein, a plasmonic trienzyme‐integrated metal–organic framework (plasEnMOF) nanoplatform with high‐efficiency enzyme cascades is reported for synergistic starvation, chemodynamic, and plasmonic hyperthermia trimodal therapy of hypoxic tumors. These plasEnMOFs are created with encapsulation of near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) plasmonic Au nanorods and natural enzymes—catalase (CAT), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) within zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) MOFs. As a trienzyme cascade system, the plasEnMOFs effectively deplete intratumoral glucose and generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for starvation therapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) combined with the plasmonic hyperthermia therapy (PHT). The enhanced glucose consumption and ROS generation by the NIR‐II plasmonic photothermal effect are also demonstrated. The improved chemo‐ and thermotolerance of the encapsulated natural enzymes within the protective ZIF‐8 MOFs are evidenced. With the integrated enzyme cascades and NIR‐II photothermal effects, these plasEnMOFs are demonstrated with exceptional therapeutic effects on 4T1 xenograft tumors through the combined starvation/CDT/PHT therapy. This work highlights the superiority of natural enzyme cascade systems integrated in plasmonic MOFs for high‐efficiency enzymatic cancer therapy.
Synthesis and Catalysis of NHC Coordinated Cyclometalated Palladium(II) Complexes with Bridging Hydroxide Ligands
Authors: Nakajima Isami , Shimizu Minori , Okuda Yuta , Akiyama Ryo , Tadano Ryu , Nagaoka Masahiro , Uemura Naohiro , Yoshida Yasushi , Mino Takashi , Shinozaki Hiraku , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

1,2‐Addition reactions using organoboron compounds are one of the useful syntheses of various functionalized alcohols, but they generally require a large quantity of bases. In this study, we attempted to solve this problem by synthesizing unsymmetrical 1,3‐diarylimidazoline‐type N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐coordinated C^C* cyclometalated palladium(II) complexes with bridging hydroxide ligands (CYPOHs) in two steps and one pot from the corresponding Cl bridged dimer and using them as catalysts. 2,6‐di(pentan‐3‐yl)aniline (IPent)‐based NHC coordinated PhS‐IPent‐CYPOH acted as a highly efficient catalyst for the 1,2‐addition of (hetero)arylboronates to a large number of aldehydes and ketones, including unactivated ketones, under base‐free conditions.

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Imaging Tumor Heterogeneity and the Variations in Nanoparticle Accumulation Using Perfluorooctyl Bromide Nanocapsule X‐Ray Computed Tomography Contrast
Authors: Beringhs André O'Reilly , Ndaya Dennis , Bosire Reuben , Kasi Rajeswari M. , Lu Xiuling
Published: April 2022

Systemically administered nanoparticles can extravasate into solid tumors through active or passive processes, showing high inter‐ and intraindividual variability, leading to inconsistent nanomedicine disposition in tumor lesions and variable therapeutic outcomes. Radio‐opaque Perfluorooctyl bromide‐loaded PEGylated cholesteryl‐functionalized polycaprolactone (PEG‐b‐PCL(Ch)) nanocapsules (PFOB NC) are assessed as imaging probes via X‐ray Computed Tomography (CT) as means to estimate nanoparticle disposition in solid tumors. This imaging platform can enable precision medicine by screening tumors for likelihood of nanoparticle accumulation prior to treatment. Single‐ and double‐lateral xenograft models are employed for imaging‐based nanoparticle accumulation assessment using a preclinical multimodal imaging system. Differences in tumor accumulation and spatial distribution are verified as a function of xenograft type via X‐ray CT and further corroborated by optical imaging. Slow growing OVCAR‐8 xenografts display granular distribution pattern and higher levels of PFOB NC disposition on a volume‐normalized basis. A549 xenografts, displaying faster growth, are less susceptible to PFOB NC accumulation and show only a diffuse‐like spatial distribution of the nanocapsule contrast. A direct correlation between tumor dispositions of PFOB NC and a commercial PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin formulation is found. This study highlights the potential of using nanoparticle‐based radio‐opaque contrasts to better understand nanoparticle disposition and foster improved therapeutic outcomes in cancer nanomedicine.
Optimized Cycle and Safety Performance of Lithium–Metal Batteries with the Sustained‐Release Effect of Nano CaCO3
Authors: Peng Qingkui , Liu Ziyi , Jiang Lihua , Wang Qingsong
Published: April 2022

The capacity attenuation and poor safety caused by lithium dendrite and interface side reactions have hindered the application of lithium–metal batteries (LMBs) for a long time. To solve this problem, some liquid or salt additives have been added to the electrolyte to promote the uniform stripping/plating of lithium, however, the consumption of electrolyte during cycles reduces the concentration of active components, resulting in the gradual failure of additives. Herein, a new solid additive (nano CaCO3) working under the principle of sustained release is proposed: the homo‐dispersed nano CaCO3 particles can continuously absorb the decomposition by‐products generated during the side reaction and release Ca2+, which cannot only inhibit the tip deposition of Li+ through electrostatic shielding effect but also effectively promote the formation of stable F‐rich solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). As the consequence, a notably optimized electrochemical performance for commercial carbonate electrolyte after adding 3 wt.% nano CaCO3 is observed, and the cycle life of symmetric Li||Li cells is extended from <400 h to over 800 h at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the modified emulsion‐like electrolyte has lower volatility and its protective effect on the separator is confirmed by ex situ optical observation, reflecting the safety improvement of LMBs.
Advances and Challenges in Photoelectrochemical Redox Batteries for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Feng Hao , Liu Dong , Zhang Ying , Shi Xingyi , Esan Oladapo Christopher , Li Qiang , Chen Rong , An Liang
Published: April 2022

The photoelectrochemical redox battery (PRB) has been regarded as an alternative candidate for large‐scale solar energy capture, conversion, and storage as it combines the superior advantages of photoelectrochemical devices and redox batteries. As an emerging solar energy utilization technology, significant progress has been made towards promoting and proliferating the practical applications of PRBs. However, wide market penetration of PRBs is still being significantly inhibited by limited photocatalytic activity, low efficiency, among other critical issues. Furthermore, the integration of each component, including solar materials, redox couples, and membranes and their interaction in PRBs play vital roles towards achieving smooth operation and high performance. Herein, the materials, mechanisms, recent advances, and challenges in the use of PRBs are presented. The crucial influence of redox couples, photoelectrode materials, membranes on the performance of the system including how they affect solar energy capture, reaction kinetics, and internal losses are systematically discussed. In addition, the recent advances of a single‐battery of photoelectrode mode and an integrated device of solar cell mode are summarized. Furthermore, the state of the art performance of PRBs and their upscaling progress are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of PRBs are highlighted.
Synergistic Engineering of Sulfur Vacancies and Heterointerfaces in Copper Sulfide Anodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries with Fast Diffusion Kinetics and an Ultralong Lifespan
Authors: Lei Qi , Zhang Jiaqian , Liang Zhaofeng , Yue Yang , Ren Zhiguo , Sun Yuanhe , Yao Zeying , Li Ji , Zhao Yuanxin , Yin Yaru , Huai Ping , Lv Zhengxing , Li Jiong , Jiang Zheng , Wen Wen , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Xingtai , Zhu Daming
Published: April 2022

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for implementing large‐scale energy storage, but the adverse side reactions and unsatisfactory cycle life brought by Zn‐metal anodes limit their potential in applications. Herein, an ingenious synthesized CuS1–x@polyaniline (PANI) is proposed as an attractive conversion‐type Zn‐metal‐free anode for AZIBs, in which appropriate S‐vacancies and PANI heterointerfaces can be simultaneously constructed. This “killing three birds with one stone” strategy stabilizes the anode structure by utilizing organic–inorganic heterointerfaces and enhances Zn2+ storage, benefiting from abundant S‐vacancies, as well as initiating fast Zn2+ transport kinetics based on the joint effect of the two. Operando X‐ray absorption fine structure and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction further reveal the highly reversible conversion reaction of CuS1–x@PANI via a distinct crystallization–amorphous transformation mechanism. These features endow CuS1–x@PANI with sufficient zinc‐ion storage capacity (215 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and reliable current abuse tolerance (154.3 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). Moreover, when matched with the optimized ZnxMnO2 cathode, the full battery achieves a record‐high cycling performance of 10 000 cycles (80% capacity retention) at a superhigh current density of 10 A g−1. This study provides new opportunities for developing high‐performance rocking‐chair AZIBs.
Environmentally Friendly AgBiS2 Nanocrystal Inks for Efficient Solar Cells Employing Green Solvent Processing
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Peng Lucheng , Wang Zhuoran , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: April 2022

Silver bismuth sulfide nanocrystals (AgBiS2 NCs) are emerging absorber materials for low‐cost solar cells, owing to their solution‐processability, environmentally friendliness, earth abundance, and high absorption coefficients. When it comes to green manufacturing technologies, besides the semiconductor materials, solvents play an equally important role. Here, solution‐phase ligand‐exchanged (SPLE) AgBiS2 nanocrystal inks employing 3‐mercaptopropionic (MPA) in methanol as a ligand solution are introduced. The resultant MPA capped AgBiS2 nanocrystals can be fully dissolved in water, forming completely environmentally friendly nanocrystal inks. These nanocrystal inks allow the fabrication of fully green‐processed photovoltaic devices with a power conversion efficiency up to 7.3%. This method not only demonstrates the potential of solution‐phase ligand‐exchanged AgBiS2 nanocrystal inks, but also paves a path toward fully green‐processed nanocrystal devices.
Employing 2D‐Perovskite as an Electron Blocking Layer in Highly Efficient (18.5%) Perovskite Solar Cells with Printable Low Temperature Carbon Electrode
Authors: Zouhair Salma , Yoo So‐Min , Bogachuk Dmitry , Herterich Jan Philipp , Lim Jaekeun , Kanda Hiroyuki , Son Byoungchul , Yun Hyung Joong , Würfel Uli , Chahboun Adil , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Hinsch Andreas , Wagner Lukas , Kim Hobeom
Published: April 2022

Interface engineering and passivating contacts are key enablers to reach the highest efficiencies in photovoltaic devices. While printed carbon–graphite back electrodes for hole‐transporting material (HTM)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are appealing for fast commercialization of PSCs due to low processing costs and extraordinary stability, this device architecture so far suffers from severe performance losses at the back electrode interface. Herein, a 2D perovskite passivation layer as an electron blocking layer (EBL) at this interface to substantially reduce interfacial recombination losses is introduced. The formation of the 2D perovskite EBL is confirmed through X‐ray diffraction, photoemission spectroscopy, and an advanced spectrally resolved photoluminescence microscopy mapping technique. Reduced losses that lead to an enhanced fill factor and VOC are quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and JSC–VOC measurements. This enables reaching one of the highest reported efficiencies of 18.5% for HTM‐free PSCs using 2D perovskite as an EBL with a significantly improved device stability.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2022 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Gertz Morie A.
Published: April 2022

Disease overview

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and “atypical smoldering multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).”

Diagnosis

Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. The gold standard is laser capture mass spectroscopy.

Prognosis

N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP or BNP), serum troponin T (or I), and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 73, 35, 15, and 5 months.

Therapy

All patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Current first‐line therapy with the best outcome is daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. The goal of therapy is a complete response (CR). In patients failing to achieve this depth of response options for consolidation include pomalidomide, stem cell transplantation, venetoclax, and bendamustine.

Future challenges

Delayed diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy prior to the development of end‐stage organ failure. Trials of antibodies to catabolize deposited fibrils are underway.
Impact of parental relatedness on reproductive outcomes among the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County
Authors: Lynch Megan T. , Maloney Kristin A. , Pollin Toni I. , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Puffenberger Erik G. , Strauss Kevin A. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D.
Published: April 2022

Genetically isolated populations that arise due to recent bottleneck events have reduced genetic variation reflecting the common set of founders. Increased genetic relatedness among members of isolated populations puts them at increased risk for some recessive disorders that are rare in outbred populations. To assess the burden on reproductive health, we compared frequencies of adverse reproductive outcomes between Amish couples who were both heterozygous carriers of a highly penetrant pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant and noncarrier couples from the same Amish community. In addition, we evaluated whether overall genetic relatedness of parents was associated with reproductive outcomes. Of the 1824 couples included in our study, 11.1% were at risk of producing a child with an autosomal recessive disorder. Carrier couples reported a lower number of miscarriages compared to noncarrier couples (p = 0.02), although the number of stillbirths (p = 0.3), live births (p = 0.9), and number of pregnancies (p = 0.9) did not differ significantly between groups. In contrast, higher overall relatedness between spouses was positively correlated with number of live births (p < 0.0001), pregnancies (p < 0.0001), and stillbirths (p = 0.03), although not with the number of miscarriages (p = 0.4). These results highlight a complex association between relatedness of parents and reproductive health outcomes in this community.
Structural properties of humeral diaphyses of East Asian modern humans from the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene
Authors: Zhao Yuhao , Wei Pianpian , Zhang Xinglong , Lu Hongliang , He Kunyu , Yuan Haibing , Xing Song
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aims to explore the structural properties along entire humeral diaphyses of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene East Asian modern humans relative to the contemporaneous Neandertal specimen Regourdou 1 to provide insight into adaptive behaviors within temporal and regional hominin contexts.

Materials and methods

The humeri of three individuals from East Asia securely dated from the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene were selected: Tianyuan 1, Zhaoguo M1, and Qihe M2. These specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography to evaluate structural properties: cortical bone thickness (CBT), second moment of area (SMA), external radius (ER), and polar moment of area (J).

Results

The distribution patterns of CBT, ER, and J were similar across all specimens. However, the magnitude of these variables was notably large in Regourdou 1 right humerus. The SMA, ER, and J of left humerus of Tianyuan 1 were less than that of other East Asian specimens, whereas those from the right humerus of the Qihe M2 individual were slightly larger than two other East Asian individuals. Additionally, the humeral asymmetry of Tianyuan 1 was greater than that of Zhaoguo M1 and Qihe M2.

Discussion

Compared to Regourdou 1, East Asian specimens had reduced humeral robusticity. Within East Asia, the Late Pleistocene modern humans exhibit greater humeral asymmetry than the Early Holocene humans, indicating a universal reduction of humeral asymmetry related to technological changes across Eurasia during this time. The current study contributes to developing a more thorough understanding of intergroup humeral structural variation across Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene.
Adverse events of emergency surgical front of neck airway access: an observational descriptive study
Authors: Okada Asami , Okada Yohei , Kandori Kenji , Ishii Wataru , Narumiya Hiromichi , Iizuka Ryoji
Published: April 2022

Aim

Emergency front of neck access (eFONA), such as scalpel cricothyroidotomy, is a rescue technique used to open the airway during “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” situations. However, little is known about the adverse events associated with the procedure. This study aimed to describe the adverse events that occur in patients who undergo eFONA and their management.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study included emergency patients who underwent eFONA between April 2012 and August 2020. We described the patients’ characteristics and the adverse events during or immediately after the procedure.

Results

Among 75,529 emergency patients during the study period, 31 (0.04%) underwent an eFONA. The median (interquartile range) age was 53 (39–67) years, and 23 patients (74.2%) were men. Of all cases, 13 (41.9%) experienced adverse events. Of these, three cases (23.2%) were cephalad misplacement of the intubation tube, one case (7.7%) was cuff injury, one case (7.7%) was tube obstruction due to vomiting, and one case (7.7%) was tube kink. In cases with these adverse events, the initial attempt of eFONA failed, and alternative immediate action was necessary to secure the airway.

Conclusion

This single‐center retrospective observational study described several adverse events of eFONA. In particular, it is important to understand the possible life‐threatening adverse events that lead to failure of securing airways such as cephalad displacement, tube obstruction, and tube kink and respond promptly to ensure a secure definitive airway for patients’ safety.
The Optimal Target and Connectivity for Deep Brain Stimulation in Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Warren Aaron E.L. , Dalic Linda J. , Bulluss Kristian J. , BAppSci Annie Roten , Thevathasan Wesley , Archer John S.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can reduce seizures in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). However, little is known about the optimal target and whether efficacy depends on connectivity of the stimulation site. Using outcome data from the ESTEL trial, we aimed to determine the optimal target and connectivity for DBS in LGS.

Methods

A total of 20 patients underwent bilateral DBS of the thalamic centromedian nucleus (CM). Outcome was percentage seizure reduction from baseline after 3 months of DBS, defined using three measures (monthly seizure diaries, 24‐hour scalp electroencephalography [EEG], and a novel diary‐EEG composite). Probabilistic stimulation mapping identified thalamic locations associated with higher/lower efficacy. Two substitute diffusion MRI datasets (a normative dataset from healthy subjects and a “disease‐matched” dataset from a separate group of LGS patients) were used to calculate structural connectivity between DBS sites and a map of areas known to express epileptic activity in LGS, derived from our previous EEG‐fMRI research.

Results

Results were similar across the three outcome measures. Stimulation was most efficacious in the anterior and inferolateral “parvocellular” CM border, extending into the ventral lateral nucleus (posterior subdivision). There was a positive association between diary‐EEG composite seizure reduction and connectivity to areas of a priori EEG‐fMRI activation, including premotor and prefrontal cortex, putamen, and pontine brainstem. In contrast, outcomes were not associated with baseline clinical variables.

Interpretation

Efficacious CM‐DBS for LGS is linked to stimulation of the parvocellular CM and the adjacent ventral lateral nucleus, and is associated with connectivity to, and thus likely modulation of, the “secondary epileptic network” underlying the shared electroclinical manifestations of LGS. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:61–74
Amphiphilic Polycarbonate Micellar Rhenium Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ren Fang‐Yu , Chen Kaihong , Qiu Li‐Qi , Chen Jin‐Mei , Darensbourg Donald J. , He Liang‐Nian
Published: April 2022

A triblock amphiphilic polymer derived from the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides containing a bipyridine rhenium complex in its backbone is shown to effectively catalyze the visible‐light‐driven reduction of CO2 to CO. This polymer provides uniformly spherical micelles in aqueous solution, where the metal catalyst is sequestered in the hydrophobic portion of the nanostructured micelle. CO2 to CO reduction occurs in an efficient visible‐light‐driven process in aqueous media with turnover numbers up to 110 (>99 % selectivity) in the absence of a photosensitizer, which is a 37‐fold enhancement over the corresponding molecular rhenium catalyst in organic solvent. Notably, the amphiphilic polycarbonate micelle rhenium catalyst suppresses H2 generation, presumably by preventing deactivation of the active catalytic center by water.
Impacts of Dissolved Ni2+ on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on a Graphite Anode
Authors: Xu Hanying , Li Zhanping , Liu Tongchao , Han Ce , Guo Chong , Zhao He , Li Qin , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Qiu Xinping
Published: April 2022

Transition metal (e.g. Ni) ions dissolved from layered‐structured Ni‐rich cathodes can migrate to the anode side and accelerate the failure of lithium‐ion batteries. The investigations of the impact and distribution of Ni species on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode are crucial to understand the failure mechanism. Herein, we used time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF‐SIMS) coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis to intuitively characterize the distribution of Ni species in the SEI. We find that the SEI on the graphite electrode using an EC‐based electrolyte exhibits a multi‐stratum structure. During accelerated aging of the LiNi0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2/graphite full cell, the dissolution of Ni aggravates significantly upon cycling. A strong correlation between the dissolved‐Ni and organic species in the SEI on graphite is illustrated. The ion‐exchange reaction between Ni2+ and Li+ ions in the SEI is demonstrated to be the main reason for the increase of SEI resistivity.
Das Tris(pentafluorophenyl)methylium‐Kation: Isolation und Reaktivität
Authors: Hoffmann Kurt F. , Battke David , Golz Paul , Rupf Susanne M. , Malischewski Moritz , Riedel Sebastian
Published: April 2022

In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir zwei verschiedene Synthesewege für das perfluorierte Trityl‐Kation, welche das Handhaben dieser freien, unkoordinierten Spezies in organischen Lösungsmitteln erstmalig ermöglichen. Der Einsatz des schwach koordinierenden Anions [Al(OTeF5)4]− und dessen Derivate erlauben die Charakterisierung dieser Verbindung mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie und Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse. Die außerordentlich hohe Hydrid‐Ionen‐Affinität des Kations wurde durch die Wasserstoff‐Abstraktion von Isobutan demonstriert. Zudem offenbaren Cyclovoltammetrie‐Messungen das Oxidiationspotential dieser Verbindung. Zusätzlich wird dies durch die Reaktion mit Tris(4‐bromophenyl)amin gezeigt, wobei die Bildung des Ammoniumyl‐Radikals, auch bekannt als “Magic Blue”, beobachtet wird.
MXene Analogue: A 2D Nitridene Solid Solution for High‐Rate Hydrogen Production
Authors: Jin Huanyu , Yu Huimin , Li Haobo , Davey Kenneth , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: April 2022

Electrocatalysts for high‐rate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are crucial to clean fuel production. Nitrogen‐rich 2D transition metal nitride, designated “nitridene”, has shown promising HER performance because of its unique physical/chemical properties. However, its synthesis is hindered by the sluggish growth kinetics. Here for the first time using a catalytic molten‐salt method, we facilely synthesized a V−Mo bimetallic nitridene solid solution, V0.2Mo0.8N1.2, with tunable electrocatalytic property. The molten‐salt synthesis reduces the growth barrier of V0.2Mo0.8N1.2 and facilitates V dissolution via a monomer assembly, as confirmed by synchrotron spectroscopy and ex situ electron microscopy. Furthermore, by merging computational simulations, we confirm that the V doping leads to an optimized electronic structure for fast protons coupling to produce hydrogen. These findings offer a quantitative engineering strategy for developing analogues of MXenes for clean energy conversions.
A Light‐Driven Molecular Machine Controls K+ Channel Transport and Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Yang Huiting , Yi Jinhao , Pang Shihao , Ye Kai , Ye Zhicheng , Duan Qi , Yan Zexin , Lian Cheng , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong , Qu Da‐Hui , Bao Chunyan
Published: April 2022

The design of artificial ion channels with high activity, selectivity and gating function is challenging. Herein, we designed the light‐driven motor molecule MC2, which provides new design criteria to overcome these challenges. MC2 forms a selective K+ channel through a single molecular transmembrane mechanism, and the light‐driven rotary motion significantly accelerates ion transport, which endows the irradiated motor molecule with excellent cytotoxicity and cancer cell selectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the rotary motion of MC2 promotes K+ efflux, generates reactive oxygen species and eventually activates caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Combined with the spatiotemporally controllable advantages of light, we believe this strategy can be exploited in the structural design and application of next‐generation synthetic cation transporters for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
A Novel Catalytic Route to Polymerizable Bicyclic Cyclic Carbonate Monomers from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Qiao Chang , Shi Wangyu , Brandolese Arianna , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: April 2022

A new catalytic route has been developed for the coupling of epoxides and CO2 affording polymerizable six‐membered bicyclic carbonates. Cyclic epoxides equipped with a β‐positioned OH group can be transformed into structurally diverse bicyclic cyclic carbonates in good yields and with high selectivity. Key to the chemo‐selectivity is the difference between the reactivity of syn‐ and anti‐configured epoxy alcohols, with the latter leading to six‐membered ring carbonate formation in the presence of a binary AlIII aminotriphenolate complex/DIPEA catalyst. X‐ray analyses show that the conversion of the syn‐configured substrate evolves via a standard double inversion pathway providing a five‐membered carbonate product, whereas the anti‐isomer allows for activation of the oxirane unit of the substrate opposite to the pendent alcohol. The potential use of these bicyclic products is shown in ring‐opening polymerization offering access to rigid polycarbonates with improved thermal resistance.
Phenyl effect on properties evolution of silicone networks under isothermal and dynamic high temperature aging
Authors: Banet Philippe , Chikh Linda , Fouet Thomas , Fichet Odile
Published: April 2022

Polysiloxane networks with or without phenyl groups have been subjected to isothermal, thermal sweep and cycling thermal treatments to investigate the phenyl effect on evolution of their properties during thermal aging. Polydimethyldiphenylsiloxanes (PDMDPS) containing between 5 and 30 mol% phenyl groups were more stable than polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) under isothermal aging, and no effect of the phenyl content was noted. Hence, only PDMS and PDMDPS with 5 mol% phenyl groups were then retained for the monitoring of their weight loss, tensile stress, elongation at break and Young's modulus during isothermal treatments between 150 and 300°C. Weight losses as well as the cracks appearance time during cycling aging were recorded simultaneously. The activation energies under the different aging conditions were determined, and found equal to 175 kJ/mol from the weight loss (characteristic of the depolymerization reaction) and 145–165 kJ/mol from the mechanical properties (characteristic of the post‐cross‐linking reaction) for PDMDPS, and 110 kJ/mol and 125–145 kJ/mol for PDMS, respectively. These activation energies confirm that silicone containing phenyl moieties are thermally more stable than those without. Finally, all these results empirically allow connecting weight loss and changes in mechanical properties to the appearance of cracks during thermal cycle aging.
Ultraviolet resistance modification of poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) fibers by dihydroxyterephthalic acid
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Xie Qibao , Li Wentao , Gao Jian , Liang Jinsong , Jiang Mengjin
Published: April 2022

Dihydroxyl poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (DHPOD) polymers are synthesized by copolymerization of 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (2,5‐DHTA) and terephthalic acid with hydrazine sulfate in oleum, and then DHPOD fibers are prepared by wet‐spinning. The effects of UV irradiation on POD fibers' mechanical properties and surface morphology with and without hydroxyl groups were investigated. As proved by tensile testing and scanning electron microscope measurement, the UV resistance of DHPOD fibers is improved compared to that of p‐POD fibers. Besides, the heat resistance of POD fibers is not damaged by the introduction of phenolic hydroxyl groups. The UV and fluorescence spectra are used to analyze the UV resistance mechanism of the POD containing phenolic hydroxyl groups. Results show that the UV resistance mechanism of DHPOD is related to the proton transfer reaction between the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole ring and ortho phenolic hydroxyl group.