bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Continuous Manufacturing Technique of A-Gypsum
Authors: Han Ling Cui , Wang Yong Chang , Shi Xiu Feng
Published: February 2011

The traditional manufacturing technique of “liquid phase method” used in a-gypsum producing is with a lot of defects as follows: low quality product caused by the long-time drying, high expense on the drying device and waste of energy in pulverization modification. Our research is aimed at using a continuous manufacturing method to try to fix all the defects that come along with the traditional manufacturing technique. First we heat the gypsum serofluid, causing it to flow, while the dehydration of crystallization water and the formation of hemihydrate gypsum crystal will take place at the same time. Then an instant decompression will make the serofluid blow into a drying tower, causing a vapour explosion, and finishing the two processes of drying and modification at the same time. [1]
Experimental Study of Glass Ceramics from Liquid Hematite Slag
Authors: Nie Yi Miao , Niu Fu Sheng , Zhang Jin Xia
Published: February 2011

Much slag occupied the land resources and caused severe damage to the ecological environment. A lot of work has been done on the reclaimation and utilization of slag. The composition, type and characteristics of slag were similar in some way to glass ceramics, which are architectural decoration materials or wearable and corrosion-proof materials with high quality and low price. In this paper, glass ceramics was prepared using hematite slag, which has not been cooled down in order to save energy. The optimum processing condition determined by orthogenesis test to prepare glass ceramics was hematite78.16%, CaF23.91%, CaO7.77%, coke10.16%.The smelting temperature is 1550 for 60 min and the crystallization time is 90 min. Microstructure analysis was studied by SEM. The microcrystalline structure was many petals, which was diopside crystal proved by X-ray analysis.
Study of Fluorgypsum Modification
Authors: Wang Yu Yin , Li Guo Zhong , Wang Fei Fei
Published: February 2011

Physical modification and chemical modification were used to modify fluorgypsum. Effect of physical modification and chemical modification on the performance of fluorgypsum was studied, and the mechanism of modification was discussed by testing the phase composition and microstructure of modified fluorgypsum, using XRD and SEM. The results showed that fluorgypsum activity was excited effectively by physical modification and chemical modification. Physical modification decreased CaSO4 grain size and structure regularity, and increased fluorgypsum specific surface area, and the optimum specific surface area was 4600-4900cm2/g. Chemical modification accelerated fluorgypsum hydration and CaSO4•2H2O growth, and increased CaSO4•2H2O grain size and slenderness ratio. The strength of fluorgypsum was exerted effectively by chemical modification.
Using Thermal Analysis Studying Reaction Process of Forsterite with Iron Ore Tailings
Authors: Liu Ji Hui , Wang Qi , Li Jing
Published: February 2011

In this paper, the iron ore tailings that the metallurgy castoff can be recycled were adopted to synthesize forsterite refractory materials, thermal analysis was used to analyze the reaction process of the forsterite. In the lower temperature, the water cirrhosis decomposed reaction in the reaction process of the forsterite was studied during 573～900K. In the higer temperature, the forsterite was formed during mainly 1400～1673K with the solid solution as the binder phase. In accordance with the heatflow change to confirm five characteristic temperature dots to fire the sample, then the SEM and EDAX were used to make sure the thermal analysis results, in this way, the firing technics can be offered.
Study on Clean Treatment of Urea-Formaldehyde Waste Using Fast Pyrolysis
Authors: Gou Jin Sheng , Chang Jian Min , Ren Xue Yong , Han Yan Xue , Si Hui , Huang Yu
Published: February 2011

A large amount of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin waste is generated accompanied with discarded wood-based panels in China. In order to find out a safe and clean technology to recover these wastes, characterization of the nitrogen species released from fast pyrolysis of UF resin was investigated using PY-GC/MS.The results show that nitrogen atom trends to form nitrogen heterocyclic species rather than aliphatic species, especially at high temperature during UF fast pyrolysis. The number of produced species reaches its maximum when temperature was setto the range of 500-600 °C, the proper temperature range for wood fast pyrolysis. During UF resin fast pyrolysis, neither NO, NO2, N2O nor their precursors (HCN and HNCO) were observed. These substances were proven to be very harmful to the environment. Most produced nitrogen species havestrong antibacterial activity, andcan greatly enhance the high-valued utilization of bio-oil. Based on these, we concluded that fast pyrolysis is a promising technology to recover the UF resin waste in a safe and clean manner.
Gallium and Arsenic Recovery from Waste Gallium Arsenide by Wet Refined Methods
Authors: Chen Wei Ting , Chu Yung Chuan , Wei Jian Ming , Tsai Lung Chang , Tsai Fang Chang , Lin Chun Ping , Shu Chi Min
Published: February 2011

This study was focused on the recovery of gallium arsenide (GaAs) from semiconductor fabrication sludge. Wet refined methods were applied to recover gallium (Ga) including acid leaching, purified isolation, electrolysis, and coagulation. The result showed that leaching Ga with nitric acid (HNO3) was more efficient than with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). GaAs could be leached with 4 N HNO3 to obtain 100% Ga+ and arsenic (As—). The pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Then, the solution was extracted by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and was back extracted by H2SO4. In this way, Ga extraction efficiency was 80%. At the end of the process, electrolysis was applied to recover Ga. The resulting electrolysis efficiency with nickel-copper was only 56% and its purity was 92%. To further increase the recovery of Ga, the leaching solution was adjusted to alkaline solution and was then electrolyzed with platinum-stainless steel. In this way, recovery and purity could be as high as 90% and 94%, respectively. The removal of arsenic was 86% when the leaching solution was added with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (Fe2(SO4)3‧xH2O) to form iron arsenate (AsFeO4).
Mineral Sequestration of CO2 Using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steelmaking Slag
Authors: Ma Guo Jun , Tang Hui , Jin Yi Biao
Published: February 2011

A promising option for long-term storage of CO2 is to fix CO2 by industrial solid wastes, such as basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking slag. It is advantage to use BOF steelmaking slag to fix CO2, such as large volume of BOF steelmaking slag, low price of raw materials, close to the CO2 emission sources, and no secondary pollution. It is of great significance to the CO2 emissions reduction and solid waste disposal in the ironmaking and steelmaking plant. In this paper, the leaching process, impurities removing and carbonation of steelmaking plant waste slag were studied at ambient pressure. The results show that Ca2+ leaching mainly occurs at the beginning 60min in the leaching process. The Ca2+ leaching ratio can reach about 45% with the leachant of 2mol/L HAc, leaching temperature of 30°C and solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. Moreover, it can effectively remove Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ by adding small amounts of NaOH and triethanolamine in the leaching solution, and thereafter, high purity CaCO3 products can be obtained through the carbonation process.
Shrimp Waste Fermentation Using Symbiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Duan Shan , Zhang Ying Xia , Lu Ting Ting , Cao Dui Xi , Chen Jing Diao
Published: February 2011

In this research, shrimp waste was fermented with 3 species of symbiotic lactic acid bacteria, namely Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The ingredient changes occurring in the fermentation process were investigated. Results showed that the production of lactic acid in the fermentation process was remarkably improved, with the pH decreasing rapidly to 4.25 within 8 h, the lowest pH reaching 3.22, and the titratable acidity reaching 25.0 mmol/100ml. The improved acidic environment promoted the removal of calcium and protein, with 91.3% calcium, 97.7% protein and 32.3% carotenoid removed from shrimp waste after 168 h fermentation. The putrefaction was effectively prevented and the TVBN level was low throughout the whole process. Glucose was consumed rapidly in the earlier phase of the fermentation; about 69.4% glucose was consumed in the initial 24 h. The consumption of glucose was in well accordance with the growth of lactic acid bacteria, the removal of calcium and the increasing of titratable acidity. The amino nitrogen content kept increasing within 48 h, thereafter it came to decrease. 88.4% of peptides in the hydrolysate ranged between 1000 ~ 10000 Da, 10.2% smaller than 1000 Da, and 3.44% larger than 10000 Da.
Structure Evolution in Steel Wires During Drawing
Authors: Huang Hai Bo , Wang Lei , Li Fan
Published: February 2011

In present research, the structure evolution of the pearlite steel wire during cold drawing is systematically investigated, and the relationship between structure evolution and strength increase during wire drawing is analyzed. During cold drawing, the wire strength increases; inter-lamellar spaces of the pearlites decrease, which has an important effect on properties of cold drawn wires; accumulation of high density dislocation in ferrite phase can be thought to be one of the reasons for strengthening the wire, meanwhile, the amorphous phase forming in cemetites also make the wire strengthen; especially, the wire strength is effected seriously by the intensity of the fiber texture <110>, and as drawing, the wire strength increases.
Study on the Hydrolysis of Corn Stalk and Photosynthetic Bacteria Group Fermentation Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cui Bao Chen , Zhang Guo Xin , Hou Bo , Zhao Jing Yan , Li Rui
Published: February 2011

Hydrogen production of photosynthetic bacteria group (PSBG) was studied using corn stalk hydrolyzate as hydrogen production substrate. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis pH values and hydrolysis temperature on hydrogen production were investigated. The optimum process conditions were as follows: the sulfuric acid concentration was 1%, hydrolysis pH value was 6.0 and the hydrolysis temperature was 110°C , respectively. Three hydrolyzate detoxification methods were compared. The method of calcium hydroxide obtained the optimal detoxification effect and the maximum hydrogen yield was 472 mL H2/ (L-medium).
Numerical Simulation of High Inner-Pressure Hydroforming of T-Branch Tube
Authors: Chu Liang , Zhang Jian , Bi Da Sen
Published: February 2011

The paper studies the forming process of high inner-pressure hydroforming of T-branch tube by using DYNAFORM finite element simulation software based on its technology characteristics. First, the effects of different loading paths of key parameters(internal pressure, axial extrusion force, radial back force) on T-branch tube hydroforming process have been studied. The studies show that enough feed rate is essential to obtaining a certain branch height but excess feed rate can lead to the thickness seriously increased. The way of influence of internal pressure is contrary to radial back force, both excess internal pressure and slight radial back force can cause top branch thinned or fractured. If branch height is too low, radial back force will obstruct the extension of tube and productions cannot be compliance with design requirements. Second, the effects of coefficient of friction and radius of round angles on forming quality of T-branch tube have been discussed. The studies show that forming quality is better when the coefficient of friction is smaller or radius of round angles is larger.
The Die Design of Large Diameter Tee Multi-Pass Extrusion Process
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Tan , Chu Liang , Bi Da Sen
Published: February 2011

Finite element simulation software Deform-3D on large-diameter multi-pass three-way pipe to simulate the extrusion process, the equivalent stress, equivalent strain and load were analyzed. The simulation results show that with the increase of processing pass, deformation process becomes complex, forming more difficult, the value of the state variables are increasing; in the extrusion process, the mold first contact with the billet and extruded convex hull area of the site, compared to other regions, plastic deformation, stress concentration and large, with the mold closed, the force to uniform .The results are well shown that it could provide a theoretical basis to the practical industrial production.
High Anticorrosion Nano Zn-Fe Coatings by Pulse Electrodepositing
Authors: Hu Hui Li , Zhu Yong Ming , Tu Zhen Mi , Liu Wen Juan
Published: February 2011

Nano Zn-Fe coatings in a chloride electrolyte with additives by reverse pulse current were obtained and the anticorrosion was investigated. The morghology and crystal size of Zn-Fe alloy depositions were measured by scanning electron microscope and atom force microscope. Coatings with 30 nm or so crystal size was obtained with mean current density 9.0 A•dm-2, duty cycle 60%, frequency 500 Hz and time of negative to positive 30 ms ∶8 ms. It was detected by X-ray diffraction that the pulse plated coatings of Zn–Fe were mixtures of two phases, one of them being the α-phase and the other pure zinc or the α-phase with a significantly lower proportion of Fe. The pulse plated Zn-Fe coatings’ corrosion resistance was greatly improved compared with Zn-Fe coatings by direct current according to Tafel tests, saline immersion and salt spray tests. The anticorrosion of Zn-Fe coatings with 30 nm crystal size was 2~3 times than that of normal Zn-Fe alloy deposits.
Structures and Properties of ZnO-Based Ceramic Films for Low-Voltage Varistors by the R.F. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Hua Yin Qun , Sun Zhen Zhen , Chen Rui Fang , Xu Rui Li
Published: February 2011

ZnO-based ceramic targets with 50mm in diameter and 3mm in depth were prepared by the traditional solid-state sintering process. ZnO-based ceramic films were deposited on Au/Si substrates by R.F. magnetron sputtering using ZnO-based ceramic target. The films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ZnO-based ceramic films, with thickness close to 1 μm, show a good c-axis orientation, corresponding to vertical growth with respect to the substrate. The surface of the films looks very smooth and dense, and the films are the same composition as the ZnO ceramic target composed of Zn, Bi, Sb, Co, Cr and Mn. The ZnO-based ceramic films with nonlinear coefficient of 6.4, nonlinear voltage of 1.6V and the leakage current density 0.3μA/mm2 could be achieved.
Synthesis of Aluminium Diethylphosphinate by Gas-Liquid Free Radical Addition Reaction under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Yang Li , Han Xin Yu , Li Li Li , Bi Cheng Liang , Tang Xue Jiao , Zhang Bao Gui
Published: February 2011

A novel preparation of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) as a novel class of phosphorous based flame retardants was carried out with gas-liquid free-radical addition reaction under atmospheric pressure. The ethylene was bubbled into the reaction mixture with the addition of the initiator. With this novel method the gas-liquid contact surface and the initiator concentration in the gas-liquid interface were increased largely, and the yield of the final product was improved to at least 80%. The molecular structure of the samples was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis. Thermal stability of the final products was investigated in detail by TG-DTA.
A Novel Characteristic Method on Fatigue Crack Growth of N80 Casing Drilling Steel
Authors: Wang Dang Hui , Xu Tian Han
Published: February 2011

Electrical parameters and low-frequency noise test were measured for N80 steel casing drilling, through extracting low-frequency parameters and combining with conventional fatigue crack growth characterization methods and analyzing their morphology. After fatigue crack growth, the results showed that: (1) Electrical parameters of N80 increase, and power spectral density of 1/f noise increases two orders of magnitude. (2) Values of γ and B are significantly increased, indicating that the process of fatigue produced more cracks, defects, and combination centers, from the mechanism of fatigue crack growth of N80, defects and cracks resulting from fatigue are the numbers of kind of fluctuations. In essence, low-frequency noise is a type of fluctuations, which show that low-frequency noise as the characterization of non-destructive., which can serve as a viable tool to study the defects and the characterization of defects.
Influence of Dope Concentration on Morphology And Properties of Cellulose Hollow Fiber Membranes Prepared from Cellulose/[Amim]Cl Dope Solution
Authors: Liang Yi , Cheng Bo Wen , Song Jun , Ji Xiu Jie , Lu Fei , Guo Zeng Ge
Published: February 2011

Basing on a L-S phase inversion method, cellulose hollow fiber membranes were spinned using room temperature ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) as solvent. The concentration of cellulose/[Amim]Cl solutions (dope) was varied from 6 to 9wt% by an increment of 1wt%. Effects of the dope concentration on the hollow fiber membranes structure and properties were investigated. Inner- and outer- surfaces morphology of the prepared membranes were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Besides, various properties of the membranes, including apparent viscosity, pure water flux (PWF), retention rate (Rt), equilibrium water content (EWC), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation at break (Eb) were also tested. The results induced that, with the increase of dope concentration, the both surfaces showed more regular. Pure water flux and equilibrium water content of the membranes decreased with a increasing dope concentration, properties of retention rate, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break showed a increased tendency oppositely.
Research on ZnS Buffer Layer by RF Magnetron Sputtering for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Hua Yin Qun , Yu Jie , Chen Rui Fang , Chen Cheng , Xu Rui Li
Published: February 2011

Nanocrystalline ZnS thin films are prepared on glass substrates under various deposition conditions (radio frequency power, and sputtering pressure) using radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Through optimization of deposition process, very thin and uniform ZnS layer was deposited to minimize the light blocking effect in short wavelength region. This paper investigates the influence of ZnS buffer layer by magnetron sputtering,and analyses structure,surface topography,and optical properties of ZnS films by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-spectroscopy measurements and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis techniques. Findings show that the high-quality ZnS thin films with a good crystallinity and optical properties, which is zinc blende cubic structure with a preferred orientation, can be grown by sputtering at 300W and 0.6Pa. The films exhibit the optical transparency as high as 80% in the visible region, and the resultant ZnS thin films have a high crystallinity, low defect concentration and good optical properties with the band gap of 3.50eV.
Preparation and Characterization of Radar Wave Absorbing CB/PP Fibers
Authors: Yu Bin , Sun Hui , Han Jian
Published: February 2011

The compound fibers were melt-spun by co-extrusion of polypropylene and polypropylene/ fillers master-batches. The melt-spun fibers were characterized by DSC, SEM and MSERA. Crystallinity of compound fibers with carbon black (CB) was more than that of PP alone. SEM results showed that inorganic particles in fibers had relatively good dispersibility. The electrical resistance of fibers containing CB particles reached minimum at the 10 Wt% CB content. Fibers with CB showed the good radar absorption effects and the absorption property was improved with the increase in CB content.
Analysis of T-Peel Weld-Bonded Joint with Single Overlap Support
Authors: Al Samhan Ali M.
Published: February 2011

Bonded structure are commonly of three types, purely adhesive bonded, weld-bonded and adhesive/mechanical structures. Peel and overlapped joints are commonly used in the development of bonded structures. T-Peel bonded joint has week tensile strength load compared to double-overlap bonded joint. The present work aimed to predicting the strength of weld-bonded T-peel joint with single overlap weld-bond support plate using finite-element method. For comparison purposes, weld-bond T-peel joint without support is included in this study. It was found the peak stress is concentrated towards the inner far end of T-peel mid-layer of adhesive and through weld-nugget center. The introduction of single overlap weld-bond support for T-peel joint strengthen the joint by 500%.
Preparation and Characterizaion of Hydrophobic Transparent Hard Sol–Gel Nano-Composite Films
Authors: Yao Lan Fang , Wang Shuo , Li Lin , Xu Rui Qing , Chen Yu Ping , Kang Jun Long
Published: February 2011

Hydrophobic transparent hard sol–gel nano-composite films were successfully prepared by means of a two-step acid-catalyzed method and the sol-gel process using tetraethoxysliane (TEOS) and aluminium isopropoxide Al(C3H7O)3 as precursors, methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as chemical modifier and surfactant, respectively. The infrared spectra of the films thus obtained indicated that they become hydrophobic with the introduction of the methyl groups. Contact angle values for the nano-composite films prepared are greater than 125°C. The Optical transmittance spectra and the hardness test measurement results showed that the nano-composite films are transparent and hard.
Effect of Film Thickness on the Structural and Physical Properties of CdZnTe Thin Films
Authors: Zeng Dong Mei , Jie Wan Qi , Zhou Hai , Yang Ying Ge , Fei Chen
Published: February 2011

Different thickness of CdZnTe films were deposited onto glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering from Cd0.9Zn0.1Te crystals target. Their structural characteristics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD experiments showed that the films are polycrystalline and have a zinc-blende (cubic) structure. The crystallite size and micro-strain were calculated. It is observed that the crystallite size increases and micro-strain decreases with the film thickness. The optical measurements showed that the average transmittance of all the samples have is less than 50% in the visible range. The possible optical transition in these films is found to be allowed direct transition with energy gap increase from 1.53 to 1.75 eV. For the electrical properties, the sheet resistivity decreased from 2.582×108 to3.069×107 Ohm/sq when the thickness increased from 307 to 823 nm; while the carrier concentration seems to be less affected by the film thickness. This behaviour in electrical properties was explained by the crystallinity and the grain size evolution.
Stability of AZO Thin Films under the Environment of Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Zhao Qing Nan , Yuan Wen Hui , Liang Hong Yu , Wang Wei Yuan , Yang Pu Lei , Dong Yu Hong
Published: February 2011

The textured thin films of Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), prepared on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering, were treated under the environment of hydrogen plasma in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber for different time. The structure and properties of the thin films before and after the treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Hall effect measurements and UV-Vis –NIR spectrometer. The results obtained showed that, after the treatment, the crystal structure of the films was not obviously changed, the roughness of the films was reduced, the carrier concentration and Hall mobility of the films increased to a certain saturated level with the treatment time, and the conductivity of the films increased. The transmittance and optical band gap of the AZO films was not affected by plasma treatment.
Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of HDPE/UHMWPE/n-HA Composites
Authors: Shen Hui Ling , Zhang Na
Published: February 2011

The influence of compatibilizer and dispersant on the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of HDPE/UHMWPE/HA is investigated here by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It has been analyzed by Jeziorny method. For different composites, the Jeziorny plots shows the linear portion. The small deviations from linearity only appear at higher relative crystallinity because of the secondary crystallization. The value of Avrami parameter n is between 2.7 and 3.5. At the same temperature, Zc and Si become bigger after adding compatibilier and dispersant while tmax is decreasing. The activation energy of crystallization also have been studied by Kissinger equation. The result shows that the addition of compatibilizer and dispersant can decrease the activation energy. In addition, the compatibilizer and dispersant also improve the mechanical properties of composites.
Manufacture of Non-Toxic Lava from Recovery of the Incineration Ash by Plasma Fusing Technology
Authors: Leu Jai Houng , Wu Li Fong , Su Ay
Published: February 2011

This research investigated and explored the overall technical and legal suggestions on mixed ash (bottom ash + fly ash) from the first BOT(built-operation then transfer) incineration plant in south Taoyuan of Taiwan, with the hope of serving as the reference for treating ash from urban refuse incinerator and making sustainable operation management policies in Taiwan. Both bottom ash and fly ash contain high-content harmful metals like lead, chrome, and cadmium, with the lead content exceeding standard value. Plasma fusing technology may effectively settle toxic heavy metals and reduce their dissolution rate. The results show that the increase in percentage of bottom ash could maintain post-fusing strength and produce solidification effect, but this reduced the stability of toxic heavy metals and raised their dissolution rate. Suitable mixture ratio of bottom ash and fly ash was 2:1, volume reduction ratio 0.349, and weight reduction ratio 0.4936. The mixture was fulvous and dense with gloss and adequate strength. The dissolution test of lava products complied with national standards, and they might be used for recycling aggregates and solidifying cement.
Effects of Rare Earths on Structural Transformation of Heavy Rail Steel
Authors: Liu Cheng Jun , Huang Ya He , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: February 2011

Clean heavy rail steel was prepared by the process of vacuum induction furnace smelting, forge work and rolling. Effects of Rare earths (RE) on phase transformation and microstructure of heavy rail steel were investigated by thermal simulation machine, metallographic microscope and scanning electronic microscope. Thermal simulate tests indicate that, RE can move the C curve of pearlite transformation to lower right, prolong the incubation period of pearlite and improve the stability of undercooled austenite. The minimum incubation period of pearlite transformation is increased from 24s to 30s by RE. Furthermore, RE can decrease the critical cooling rate of pearlite transformation from 1°C•s-1 to 0.5°C•s-1 and the critical cooling rate of quenching from 15°C•s-1 to 13°C•s-1. Additionally, RE can fine the annealing and anormalizing pearlite notably. The pearlite laminae distance of heavy rail steel added RE is decreased by 12.9% (annealing) and 13.3% (normalizing), respectively.
Growth of Double-Side Tl-2212 Thin Film on CeO2-Buffered MgO Substrate
Authors: Xie Qing Lian , Zhang Yu Ting , Fang Feng Cai , Huang Guo Hua , Ji Lu , Zhao Xin Jie , Fang Lan , Yan Shao Lin
Published: February 2011

The double-side Tl-2212 films were fabricated on CeO2-buffered MgO substrates by dc magnetron sputtering and post-annealing method. The RF magnetron sputtering technology was used to grow CeO2 buffer layers. XRD and SEM measurements showed that the CeO2 films on annealed MgO substrates were highly c-axis orientation, and the Tl-2212 superconducting films on both sides had similar morphology and crystalline structure. For both sides of Tl-2212 films, the critical transition temperatures (Tc) were above 106 K, and the critical current densities (Jc) were above 2.2 MA/cm2 (77 K, 0 T).
Investigation of Dynamic Stray Capacitance and Circuit Network Model for Planar Inductor with Nanocrystal Magnetic Core
Authors: Lou Jian Yong , Dang Fei , Gao Lin , Niu Chun Ping , Jiao Fang Jun
Published: February 2011

It is the tendency to adopt novel soft magnetic materials in planar magnetic components to have much more attractive features. In this paper, the nanocrystal magnetic strip is used to consist of magnetic core of planar inductor. A novel network model for dynamic stray capacitances of planar inductor with matrix structure is presented. The magnetic core is taken into account to be one part of the equivalent circuit of planar inductor in high frequency, and its electric potential is considered to be suspended. To analyze the dynamic stray capacitance accurately, the 3D FEM model is adopted, and the parameters for dynamic stray capacitance of inductor windings are obtained. By equivalent circuit simulation of planar inductor, the impedance feature of planar inductor is obtained. The test results by impedance analyzer verify the dynamic capacitance network model.
Effects of Heating on the Tensile Property of Soybean Protein Fibers
Authors: Yang Qing Bin , Yang Xiao
Published: February 2011

The soybean protein fibers are processed under heat treatment. The change of the strength, initial modulus and work with the temperature and time are analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature has remarkable effect to the mechanical properties when the temperature is higher than 110°C and the effects of the processed time to the soybean protein fibers is very serious when it is reached 20 minutes.
Electrodeposited Crack-Free CdS Thin Films Using Organic Solvents
Authors: Chen Hai Nian , Qin Ai Miao , Liao Lei , Tang Ping , Pang Qi
Published: February 2011

Crack-free CdS thin films have been electrodeposited on conductive glass substrate by CdCl2 and S powder in dimethylformamide (DMF) and mixed organic solvents with appropriate volume ratio at temperatures lower than 100°C. The effects of solvents on the cracks and the photovoltaic property and catalytic property of CdS thin film are investigated. The results show that the crack-free CdS thin films have higher photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity and better photoelectrichemistry and photocatalytic activities for degradation organic dyes of Fuchsin acid, phenol red and crystal violet than thin films with cracks.
Development of Texture and Grain Boundary Character in a Boron Bearing IF Steel after Recrystallization Annealing
Authors: Song Xin Li , Yuan Ze Xi , Jia Juan , Fan Li Xia , Li Ping He
Published: February 2011

The development of texture and grain boundary character are researched for a boron bearing IF steel after recrystallization annealing for different times at 810°C. The results show that the main texture components are {111}<110> and {111}<112> after the cold rolling samples annealing different times. The maximal volume fraction of <111>//ND texture is about 78% for the sample annealing for 120sec. The main CSL boundaries are ∑3，∑5，∑7，∑9，∑11，∑13b and ∑17b. And the ∑3 grain boundary increase with increasing the annealing times from 60sec to 180sec.
Room Temperature Deposition and Properties of AZO Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering under Different Plasma Power
Authors: Chi Jing Rong , Fan Ping , Liang Guang Xing , Zhang Dong Ping , Cai Xing Min , Zheng Zhuang Hao , Chen Tian Bao
Published: February 2011

To evaluate the influence of plasma power on the structural, electrical and optical properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films, a set of polycrystalline AZO samples under different plasma power were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), four-point probe measurements and spectrophotometer were used to characterize these films. XRD shows that all AZO films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with prominent (002) orientation. With the plasma power increasing, the grain size first increases and then decreases. The largest grain size of 23.6 nm in the films is obtained at the plasma power of 123 W. The average optical transmittance of AZO films is over 80% in the visible region. The lowest resistivity of 1.0×10-3Ω•cm is obtained under the plasma power of 220 W.
Analysis of Influence of Optical Electrode Geometry Effects on Manipulation Using Lateral-Field Optoelectronic Tweezers
Authors: Song Chun Feng , Chen Ke , Ni Zhong Hua
Published: February 2011

The use of photoconductive film improves the flexibility of dielectrophoretic device and the optoelectronic tweezers provides dynamically reconfigurable optical electrode which provides effective technology in the bio-particles parallel manipulation. In this paper, a circle floating electrode and a castellated shape optical electrode are designed in the lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers. The gradient of the square of the electric field is analyzed as the main parameter. The simulation results show that the floating electrode changes the distribution of the electric field and improves the manipulation capability in the region between the strip electrodes. The castellated shape electrode extends the strip electrode and performs the capability of the traditional physical castellated shape electrode. On the same condition the peak value of x direction of the gradient of the square of the electric field is about 15% smaller than the traditional physical electrode mode because the potential decays in the photoconductive film. To obtain the reconfigurable capability, this shortcoming can be overcome by increasing the applied AC signal voltage.
Influence of Film Thickness on Dielectric Properties of (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 Antiferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Jing , Zhang Ya Ting , Geng Wen Ping , Chou Xiu Jian
Published: February 2011

By the sol-gel process, Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PLZT) antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films with different thicknesses were successfully deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates. The phase structure of the PLZT antiferroelectric thin films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The electric field-induced AFE-FE phase transformation behavior of the PLZT thin films，was examined by polarization versus field (P-E) and relative permittivity versus field (C-E) measurements, with priority focused on thickness-dependent phase switching field. The current by the polarization and depolarization of polar in the PLZT films was measured through current density-electric field (J-E) measurement. With the increase of film thickness, the maximum polarization less and less, the maximum current density is increasing.
Preparation of Activated Carbons from Lignite for Electrochemical Capacitors by Microwave and Electrical Furnace Heating
Authors: Xing Bao Lin , Zhang Chuan Xiang , Chen Lun Jian , Huang Guang Xu
Published: February 2011

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from lignite by microwave (MW) and electrical furnace (EF) heating with KOH as activation agent. In order to compare pore structures and electrochemical performances of ACs prepared by both heating methods, the ACs were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77K, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical performances of Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) with ACs as electrodes in 3mol/L KOH electrolyte were evaluated by constant current charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the pore structures of ACs prepared by MW and EF heating significantly enhance when the weight ratio of KOH to coal increases from 2 to 4. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume, the ratio of mesopore and average pore diameter of ACs prepared by MW heating (denoted as AC-MW4) reaches 2094m2/g, 1.193cm3/g, 53.6%, 2.28nm when the weight ratio of KOH to coal is 4, and ACs prepared by EF heating (denoted as AC-EF4) reaches 2580m2/g, 1.683cm3/g, 67.3%, 2.61nm. The ECs with AC-MW4 and AC-EF4 as electrodes present a high specific capacitance of 348F/g and 377F/g at a current density of 50mA/g, and still remain 325F/g and 350F/g after 500 cycles, respectively. Although the specific surface area, total pore volume and specific capacitance of ACs prepared by MW heating are slightly lower than EF heating, taking into account the heating time in the activation process, ACs prepared by EF heating needs approximate 140min, while MW heating only needs 10min, which have demonstrated that microwave heating technology is a promising and efficient technique to prepare ACs.
Discussion on Burden Calculation of Ferromanganese Alloy Production
Authors: Chu Shao Jun , Liu Pei Xiao , Chen Pei Xian
Published: February 2011

The burden calculation of ferromanganese alloy was calculated based on the slag composition and designed product. The calculation results showed the total error rate of this method was 1.53% and the error rate of ore, coke and silicon was 4.66%, 1.71%, and 5.66% respectively, which was much better than using the traditional elements recovery method with the total error rate was 8.00% and the silicon error rate reached to 18.55%. This new method is more accurate than the traditional method and much closer to the actual production data. And it can apply to different ferroalloy factories because it is based on phase diagram and the mass conservation law. At the same time, the calculation result can reflect the gap between enterprise production craft level and ideal production level. This method has certain reference value to improve production technology, product quality and economic profit of enterprise.
Electrochemical Properties of NiO thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Zhu Ji Ne , Zhao Sheng Li , Wen Jiu Ba , Wu Zhao Yang
Published: February 2011

The thermal decomposition behavior of gel precursor, the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of NiO thin films prepared by sol-gel process were characterized by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and constant current charge-discharge techniques. The results show that the gel precursor completely decomposes and gradually forms the nanocrystalline NiO at 450°C during the sintering. The NiO thin film is smooth, uniform and free of cracks drying at 200°C as pretreatment and sintering at a low temperature rise rate. The structure of NiO films sintered at 500°C for 2h becomes integrity, whose discharge capacity after 20 cycles remains at 714mAh/g. It is promising to be used in Li-ion battery for great initial specific capacity and well cycle performances.
The Properties of Organosolv Pulp and Cellulose from Eucalyptus with MK2
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jing , Pu Jun Wen
Published: February 2011

In order to decline the energy consumption in pulping process and keep the crystallinity of the cellulose in pulp, eucalyptus was selected in this study. Different quantities of ethanol, formic acid and MK2 and different experimental conditions led to different contents of alpha -cellulose and different crystallinities of the cellulose. The reduction of the kappa number of the pulp resulted from the increase of the liquor-to-wood ratio. With the addition of the MK2, a small quantity of ethanol could gain lower kappa number than original. Increasing the retention time and liquor-to-wood ratio played a significant role in keeping crystallinity with the addition of MK2.
Study on Ultrasonic Test Defects Causes of Medium Plate
Authors: Chen Yong Li , Yan Hui , Hu Bin , Ren Shu Yan , Liu Rao Chuang , Deng Xiang Tao , Chen Li Qing
Published: February 2011

In this paper,Q345E steel as the object of study,analysis of several typical internal defects of UST to explore the reasons for failure caused by UST testing.The results show that: the center segregation of Mn/S is likely to induce center segregation structure of P+B with a whole cleaning micro-cracks,large size spherical oxide of Si/Ca is an important incentive for causing micro-cracks;Billet board defect detection defect likely to cause an important reason;crack at the alloying elements sharply higher than the matrix composition.Billet defects is an important reason to cause steel surface defects；the alloying elements in place nearing the crack sharply higher than the matrix composition.
Research of a Novel Low-Carbon High-Manganese Alloy Containing Boron
Authors: Guo Jian Xin , Liu Jun You , Liu Jie
Published: February 2011

In this paper, a novel low-carbon high-manganese alloy containing boron was developed. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy is consist of ferrite matrix (with some residual austenite), M2B boride, M23(C,B)6 and Ti(C,N) phase, and the boride is distributed in the form of intermittent network, which is detrimental to the toughness of the alloy; after high temperature quenching heat treatment, boride was dissolved somehow and the volume fraction of boride was decreased, moreover, it is distributed more even which results in the further improvement of toughness and provisions non-proportional compression stress of the alloy; the effect of heat treatment on microstructure of the alloy was explained by thermodynamics.
Study on Characteristics of Ultrasonic Fields by Hydraulic Model of Ladle Refining
Authors: Kang Shu Mei , Shen Ming Gang , Li Cheng Wei , Chen Hua
Published: February 2011

Under ultrasonic irradiation at a frequency of 20 kHz, hydraulic model experiments have been performed to improve the stirring effect in the ladle refining. The cavitation intensity and ultrasonic field distribution were measured by dyeing method. The dynamic behavior of acoustic cavitation bubbles were visualized with a high-speed digital camera. The results show that: the mixing time under ultrasonic can be reduced obviously, and the dynamic conditions can be improved apparently；stable and complete patterns can be got by dyeing method, then relative intensity and the position of antinode and node can be determined from the pattern; the distribution of ultrasonic fields at tool end is circular cone; the cavitation bubbles were confirmed to be generated around the antinode of sound pressure during the ultrasonic stiring and moved linearly in random directions.
The Influence of Basalt Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Property of Composite Board
Authors: Zhu Fei Fei , Zhong Zhi Li , Liu Hua Wu , Guo Zong Fu
Published: February 2011

The composite board was made of chopped basalt and polypropylene fibers. The manufacturing process included blending, carding, web formation, laminating and compression molding. The tension and bending properties were investigated experimentally. The load - displacement curve of the tensile test revealed that the elastic modulus and maximum vertical load in the longitudinal were far greater than these in the transverse direction; and tensile strengths were far apart in the longitudinal and transverse direction as well. In comparison with the tensile tests, the effect of basalt fiber orientation on the bending modulus and strength were relatively insignificant. In addition, from the micro fibril angle, we also verify that the orientation angle of basalt fiber is an important factor of influence to the mechanical property. In the similar study, the influence hadn’t been seen sufficiently, so this paper provides reference to the actual application of the composite board.
Effect of Divorced Eutectoid Transformation Temperature on Behaviour of Cementite Growth in GCr15 Steel
Authors: Yang Hong Bo , Zhu Fu Xian , Liu Xianghua , Wang Kuai She
Published: February 2011

Cementite spheroidization of GCr15 bearing steel includes granulating and growth of cementite. The effects of divorced eutectoid transformation (DET) temperatures on growth of cementite were studied. It was found that the particles of cementite are fine and uniform when DET occurs at 690～720°С, and alloy elements mostly precipitate at different temperatures during cementite growth of GCr15 bearing steel; Cr and Si mostly precipitate in the eutectoid temperature upper limit, while Mn is in the eutectoid temperature lower limit.
Tensile Strength Statistical Analysis of B610CF Steel
Authors: Xue Bin , Zhang Tian Hui , Xu Ren Ping
Published: February 2011

B610CF steel is a newly steel, and is widely used. The test data of tensile strength for B610CF steel is fitted several kinds of probability statistical models. In this paper, the correlation coefficient method and K-S method were used to test the fitting effects. It is concluded that three-parameter Weibull distribution is the optimal distribution for the test data, and the security tensile strength of 48mm B610CF steel is 627.54MPa under the condition of 99.9% reliability. Through the study of tensile strength confidence interval for B610CF steel, it is obtained that confidence interval is [601.47MPa, 644.86MPa] under the condition of 99.9% reliability and 80% confidence level. The results are important for the structural reliability analysis of B610CF steel.
Evolution of Microstructure and Oxidation Layer of 430 Stainless Steel During Hot Rolling
Authors: Yang Lian Hong , Liu Ya Zheng , Zhou Le Yu , Li Long Jiao
Published: February 2011

OM, SEM, TEM and XRD were used to analyze microstructure and oxidation layer of 430 stainless steel during hot rolling, and microstructure characteristic and oxidation layer evolution rule under high temperature deformation were studied. It is shown that microstructure after each pass under laboratory rolling condition is composed of austenite and ferrite, but there are significant differences in the size, morphology and distribution of dual phase microstructure. Oxidation layer of each pass consists mostly of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeCr2O4. Thickness of surface oxide film decreases from 12μm to about 4~5μm as rolling pass increases. Compared to experimental result of laboratory rolling, because high-pressure descaling is used in practical production, meanwhile deformation amount is higher and surface quality of roller is better, oxidation layer of finished product is uniform, distributes continuously and has strong internal bonding force with matrix.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Hot-Rolling Plate of Fe-42% Ni (4J42)
Authors: Li Li Juan , Shao Ruo Wei
Published: February 2011

In order to guide the rolling process in industry, the effect of heat treatment temperatures and holding times on the structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolling plate of Fe-42% Ni (4J42) was studied. The results about the metallography show that with the increasing of the heating temperature, the grain sizes of all the samples grow. Furthermore, the phenomenon of twin crystal in grains is more and more obvious. The mechanical tests show that with the increasing of the temperature and the holding time, 4J42’s tensile strength declines; when the heat temperature is 1000°C, holding times have little effect on its elongation; when the holding time is less than 8min, the hardness of 4J42 declines at different temperatures. Combine the requirements in industry with the experiment results, we found that 1000°C, 8min is appropriate to the rolling process of 4J42 alloy.