bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Episodic future thinking in type 2 diabetes: Further development and validation of the Health Information Thinking control for clinical trials
Authors: Brown Jeremiah M. , Bickel Warren K. , Epstein Leonard H. , Stein Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2023

Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) reduces delay discounting and may have the potential as a clinical tool to increase the likelihood of health-promoting behaviors. However, evaluations of EFT in clinical settings require control conditions that match the effort and frequency of cue generation, as well as participants’ expectations of improvement. The Health Information Thinking (HIT) control addresses these issues, but how this control affects delay discounting in individuals with diabetes and obesity when utilizing diabetes-management specific health-information vignettes is unknown. Moreover, little research has explored whether EFT reduces delay discounting in individuals with type 2 diabetes. To this end, we examined the impact of EFT, HIT, and a secondary no-cue control condition (NCC; assessments as usual) on delay discounting in 434 adults with self-reported type 2 diabetes and obesity recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. After completing an initial screening questionnaire, eligible participants reported demographics, then were randomized to EFT, HIT, or NCC conditions. Following the generation of seven EFT or HIT cues, participants assigned to EFT or HIT conditions completed a delay discounting task while imagining EFT or HIT cues; no-cue participants completed the task without cues. EFT participants demonstrated significantly lower delay discounting levels than HIT or NCC participants; no differences in delay discounting between HIT and NCC participants were observed. These results suggest that engaging in EFT, but not diabetes-specific HIT, results in lower delay discounting in adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This provides further evidence for the appropriateness of the HIT control for clinical trials examining the effect of EFT on delay discounting in adults with self-reported type 2 diabetes.
Photoinduced electron transfer detection method for identifying UGT1A1*28 microsatellites
Authors: Tsuchida Shirou , Himi Noriaki , Miura Yuuki , Kodama Suzune , Shindo Tsugumi , Nakagawa Koji , Aoki Takashi
Published: August 2023

During development of a novel detection method for the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28, the fluorescence intensity of a dye conjugated to cytosine (C) at the end of a DNA strand decreased upon hybridization with guanine (G). This phenomenon is referred to as photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Using this phenomenon, we devised a method for the naked-eye detection of UGT1A1*28 (thymine-adenine (TA)-repeat polymorphism). Fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides (probes) were designed and hybridized with complementary strand DNAs (target DNAs). Base pair formation at the blunt end between fluorescently labeled C (probe side) and G (target side), induced dramatic fluorescence quenching. Additionally, when the labeled-CG pair formed near the TA-repeat sequence, different TA-repeat numbers were discriminated. However, obtaining enough target DNA for this probe by typical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was difficult. To enable the practical use of the probe, producing sufficient target DNA remains problematic.
An integrated smoking cessation and alcohol intervention among Hong Kong Chinese young people: Study protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ho Ka Yan , Lam Katherine Ka Wai , Wu Cynthia , Leung Doris Y. P. , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Liu Qi , Mak Yim Wah
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Young smokers always partake in both smoking and drinking. However, drinking undermines their likelihood to attempt quitting smoking or to successfully abstain from smoking. Hence, this trial will examine the feasibility of implementing an integrated smoking cessation and alcohol intervention in young Hong Kong Chinese people. Effect sizes of the integrated intervention (II) on self-reported and biochemically validated quit rates will also be calculated.

Methods

The study will be a three-arm randomized controlled trial in a convenience sample of 150 smokers aged 18–25 years with alcohol drinking. Participants will be randomized into a standard treatment (ST), II, or control arm. The ST group will receive a brief smoking cessation intervention based on the 5A (Ask, Assess, Advice, Assist, Arrange) and 5R (Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetition) models. The II group will receive brief advice on alcohol use based on the FRAMES (Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu, Empathy, Efficacy) model in addition to the brief smoking cessation intervention. Both the ST and II groups will receive booster interventions at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. The control group will receive leaflets on smoking cessation and alcohol reduction. Self-reported quitters at 6-month follow-up will be invited for biochemical validation. The primary outcomes are feasibility measures. The secondary outcomes are effect size of II on self-reported and biochemically validated quit rates at 6 months relative to control and ST. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics will be used to calculate the feasibility measures. The three arms will be compared using analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Effect sizes of II for self-reported and biochemically validated quit rates at 6 months will be determined using the generalized estimating equation model.
Evaluation of the impact of vindoline, an active components of Catharanthus roseus, on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by using a cocktail of probe drugs
Authors: Zhang Yuqian , Niu Haiying , Liu Jian , Xie Weiwei , Jin Yiran , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: August 2023

The objection of this study was to investigate the effects of vindoline(VDL) on the cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) isoforms (CYP1A2, 2B, 2C11, 2D1 and 3A) in rats. Firstly, the rats were randomly divided into VDL pretreatment group and blank group, each group had six rats. VDL pretreatment group was administrated VDL (20 mg·kg-1) by oral gavage for fifteen days consecutively, and the equivalent CMC-Na solution without VDL was given to the blank group by gavage. Secondly, a cocktail of caffeine, bupropion, diclofenac, dextromethorphan and midazolam was then administered on the sixteenth day. Finally, blood samples were collected at the specified time point, and the plasma concentration of the probe drug was determined by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The effects of VDL on the activity of these CYP enzymes in rats were evaluated by pharmacokinetic parameters. VDL pretreatment group compared with the blank group, accelerated the metabolism of diclofenac, and weakened the metabolism of caffeine. These results suggested that VDL could induce the activity of CYP2C11, and inhibits the activity of CYP1A2, but had no significant effects on CYP2B, CYP2D1 and CYP3A. The results in this study can provide beneficial information for the later clinical application of VDL.
Human / nature: Interviews with Audrey Rachelle, Kelly Todd and Isabel Umali
Authors: Gilovich-Wave Ilana
Published: August 2023

In this piece, I interview three dancers and choreographers – Audrey Rachelle, Kelly Todd and Isabel Umali – about their recent works on sustainability and climate change. All three dancers share a background in immersive theatre, having performed in Punchdrunk’s Sleep No More for many years. Their accounts illustrate a productive application of immersive theatre sensibilities and choreographic practices onto issues of sustainability and environmental justice. Rachelle, Todd and Umali’s pieces are borne out of a heedful relationship with their particular surroundings, as well as a thoughtful engagement with their audiences. This piece seeks to bring critical attention to new works while considering the productive intersection of immersive techniques and ecologically minded choreographic endeavours.
Modeling Barrett’s Esophagus on a Personalized Organ Chip
Authors:   Wyss Institute, Boettner Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Acid reflux, the backwash of stomach acid into the swallowing tube, or esophagus, is something that many experience occasionally. When it happens repeatedly and becomes a chronic problem, it can result in “Barrett’s esophagus” (BE), a condition in which cells in the epithelial lining of the esophagus appear to assume the identity of stomach or intestine cells. This process is known as “metaplasia” and is associated with an increased incidence of esophageal cancer – one of the deadliest tumors estimated to be the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide.
Analyzing Learning Activities in Korean Standard Language Textbooks for Korean Language Differentiated Instruction: From the Perspective of the Multiple Intelligences Theory
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Cho Youngim
Published: August 2023

The characteristics of multicultural students are very diverse linguistically, culturally, andpsychologically compared to the general population. Therefore, Korean language education for themcan maximize learning efficiency through customized learning activities that reflect these characteristics.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the extent to which Korean language teaching materialswere designed and published by the Korean Language Institute, which aims to provide customizedKorean language education consisting of various learning activities to reflect the characteristics ofmulticultural students.
Methods: This study analyzed what learning activities are presented in Standard Korean (for elementaryand middle school students) and Sejong Korean (for the general public) textbooks and teacher's guidespublished by the KNK based on the strength intelligence activities of the Multiple Intelligences theory.
Results: The results of the analysis showed that the average learning activities in the standard Koreantextbooks related to strength intelligence were linguistic intelligence (57.9%), visual-spatial intelligence(24.5%), and interpersonal intelligence (10.4%) while learning activities related to natural explorationintelligence were rare. In the standard Korean textbooks for high school students, 54.30% of the learningactivities were related to verbal-linguistic intelligence and the lowest number were related tointerdisciplinary learning.
Conclusion: The learning activities presented in Korean textbooks are required to reflect the diverselearning characteristics of multicultural students and do not reflect the interests and concerns ofmulticultural students. In order to make Korean language education fun and exciting, it is necessaryto develop Korean language teaching materials that present various learning activities that reflect thestrengths of multicultural students' intelligence.
Teaching Strategies to Promote English Expository Writing Development through Step-by-Step Writing and Teacher Feedback
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Jang Ha-Young , Kim Tae-Eun
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effective teaching strategies that can facilitatethe development of English expository writing using information books for sixth-grade learners studyingEnglish as a Foreign Language (EFL).
Methods: Learners' English writing experiences were investigated through a preliminary survey, andtheir pre-English expository writing development levels were evaluated through a pre-writing test. Afterconducting 28 experimental lessons, the patterns of the changed expository writing of the leaners wereexamined through a post-writing test. The experimental lessons involved reading comprehensionactivities, initial writing, modified writing 1, and modified writing 2, utilizing a total of four informationbooks. Step-by-step writing practice was implemented when progressing from initial writing to modifiedwriting 1, and teacher feedback was provided when progressing from modified writing 1 to modifiedwriting 2. A follow-up survey was conducted after completing all experimental lessons.
Results: First, this study revealed that Step-by-step writing and teacher feedback can promote learners'sentence concept formation. Second, Step-by-step writing and teacher feedback increased learners'accuracy, logic, and fluency in English expository writing. Among the Step-by-step writing activities,the utilization of a paragraph organizer and selective writing exercises had the most positive effect. Third, expository writing based on information books facilitated the acquisition of an informationdelivery writing style.
Conclusion: This study found that learners could lay the foundation for thought based truecommunication and that it is possible to present a new development path. Also, unlike diary andjournal writing research, the information delivery style can develop objective communication skills.
Analysis of Participants’ Perception of the Pilot Implementation of the Practicum Semester System: With a Focus on Colleges of Education
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Dong-Yeop , Moon Chan-Soo
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study sought to conduct a qualitative data analysis of the Practicum Semester Systemthat has been implemented as a pilot project to identify issues and challenges facing colleges ofEducation pertaining to the expansion of the system.
Methods: To achieve this goal, a package of materials and presentation contents from the resultreporting session regarding the pilot Practicum Semester System project we are analyzed in the firstand second semesters of 2022. The qualitative document analysis drew upon the feedback from fivecolleges of Education that implemented the Practicum Semester System as a pilot project, five partnerschools, college students as the participants in this system, and students at partner schools. A seriesof common issues were derived through in vivo coding and subcoding with the use of a softwareprogram called MAXQDA 2022.
Results: Based on the aggregated participant feedback, especially centering around the colleges ofEducation that implemented the pilot project, the following three issues were identified: i) capacitybuilding for the operators of the practicum semesters and related confusion, ii) needs of current issuesassociated with the partnership among colleges of Education, universities, partner schools and localoffices of Education and a strong will to address such issues, and iii) the specific demand for thepracticum semester implementation guidelines and differences between them.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, this study presents policy implications for redefining the teachertraining framework, ensuring consistency between the current teacher training framework of collegesof education and the Practicum Semester System, exploring alternatives to the Practicum SemesterSystem’s operating model, reorganizing the curriculum of teacher training institutions and having asufficient workforce in place for the operation of the system.
Investigating the Influences of Job Demands and Job Resources on Teacher’s Job Stress and Job Satisfaction: Application of Latent Moderated Structural Equation Modeling
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Yoon Iksang
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this study aimed to investigate how teachers'perceived job demands and job resources could predict teachers' job stress and job satisfaction.
Methods: This study utilized TALIS 2018 Korean teacher survey data collected by the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation (OECD). A total sample size was 6,138. The latent moderated structuralequation model was applied as the main analysis technique to verify the individual effects andmoderating effects of job demands and job resources on job stress and job satisfaction.
Results: First, the results showed that job demand predicts job stress positively and job satisfactionnegatively at a significant level. Second, job resources significantly and negatively predicted job stress. Third, job resources significantly and negatively moderated the relationship between job demands andjob stress. Fourth, through this moderating effect, the mediating effect from job demands to jobsatisfaction was also significantly and negatively moderated by job resources.
Conclusion: This study provides a discussion of various policy implications as well as the theoreticalimplications in terms of job demands-resource theory.
As bases normativas da educação: o lugar da educação na crítica comunitarista do liberalismo
Authors: Rohling Marcos
Published: August 2023

Resumo: Pretende-se, neste trabalho, discutir o lugar que a educação ocupa no debate entre liberais e comunitaristas. Com este objetivo, o texto é dividido em três partes, a saber: na primeira parte, apontam-se as dificuldades para que se demarquem os partidários das correntes liberal e comunitarista, de um lado, destacando o liberalismo igualitário e o libertarianismo e, de outro, discutindo as principais críticas que o comunitarismo faz ao liberalismo. Na segunda parte, explora-se o lugar da educação na crítica comunitarista, definindo a concepção de educação e de escola, assim como a ideia de educação para a cidadania e a nececssidade de um currículo comum. Finalmente, na última parta, aponta-se para a agenda comunitarista na educação.
Palavras-chave: Liberalismo; Comunitarismo; Educação; Cidadania; Currículo Comum.
The normative bases of education: the place of education in the communitarian critique of liberalism
Abstract: It is intended in this work, discuss the place that education occupies in the debate between liberals and communitarians. For this purpose, the text is divided into three parts, namely: in the first part, point out the difficulties in demarcating supporters of the liberal and communitarian currents, on the one hand, highlighting egalitarian liberalism and libertarianism and, on the other, discussing the main criticisms that communitarianism makes against liberalism. In the second part, it explores the place of education in communitarian criticismo, defining the concept of education and school, as well as the idea of education for citizenship and the need for a common curriculum. Finally, in the last section, we point to the communitarian agenda in education.
Keywords: Liberalism; Communitarianism; Education; Citzenship; Commom Curriculum.
Las bases normativas de la educación: el lugar de la educación en la crítica comunitaria del liberalismo
Resumen:En este trabajo, se pretende discutir el lugar que ocupa la educación en el debate entre liberales y comunitaristas. Con este objetivo, el texto se divide en tres partes, a saber: en la primera parte, se señalan las dificultades para demarcar a los partidarios de las corrientes liberales y comunitarias, por un lado, destacando el liberalismo igualitario y el libertarismo y, por otro, discutiendo las principales críticas que hace el comunitarismo contra el liberalismo. En la segunda parte, se explora el lugar de la educación en la crítica comunitaria, definiendo el concepto de educación y escuela, así como la idea de educación para la ciudadanía y la necesidad de un currículum común. Finalmente, en la última sección, se señala la agenda comunitaria en educación.
Palabras clave: Liberalismo; Comunitarismo; Educación; Ciudadanía; Currículum Común.
 
Data de registro: 15/04/2022
Data de aceite: 13/12/2022
Des-conectividad penitenciaria: impactos de la COVID-19 en el intercambio intra-extramuros
Authors: Bracco Bruce Lucía , Hildenbrand Mellet Adriana , Wakeham Nieri Andrea , Garcés León Andrea , Velázquez Castro Tesania
Published: August 2023

El presente estudio analiza las barreras para la conectividad en el entorno penitenciario durante la COVID-19, y sus impactos en la fluidez de los vínculos entre las personas privadas de libertad (PPL) y sus personas significativas (PS). Se aborda la conectividad intra-extra muros como un proceso que no solo implica las horas de contacto sino también la calidad del vínculo. En este estudio cualitativo, se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas vinculadas al sistema penitenciario peruano: personas con vínculos significativos con las PPL, personal del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y de ONG. Se encontró que, durante la pandemia, la conectividad se vio limitada por barreras estructurales (insuficiencia de recursos y sobrepoblación penitenciaria); barreras ideológicas (prevalencia del discurso de control y seguridad); y barreras representacionales (percepción del rol de la sociedad civil en el sistema penitenciario). Además, se halló que dichas barreras quebraron tres tipos de flujo intra-extramuros: los afectivos (intercambios emocionales entre el adentro y el afuera); los materiales (intercambio de bienes); y los informativos (intercambio comunicacional). A partir de ello, se evidencia que los establecimientos penitenciarios de Perú funcionan de manera porosa y permeable, aunque las dinámicas y discursos institucionales resistan a ello.
El dinero como soporte material de la disputa por el sentido de la nación: estudio del peso argentino desde una perspectiva semiótica
Authors: Moreno Barreneche Sebastián
Published: August 2023

En mayo de 2022, el gobierno encabezado por Alberto Fernández presentó nuevos diseños para los billetes del peso argentino. Este acontecimiento reactivó la disputa semiótico-discursiva existente en Argentina respecto a la iconografía a utilizar en el diseño de la moneda nacional que, en los últimos 25 años, ha oscilado entre estrategias que priorizan la inclusión de personalidades y acontecimientos históricos y las que priorizan la inclusión de paisajes naturales y especímenes de la fauna considerada autóctona. Este artículo estudia desde una perspectiva semiótica las dos enciclopedias locales en conflicto en esta disputa y argumenta cómo la moneda puede ser un espacio de disputa por el sentido de la nación.
La adaptación de Howl de la novela a la cinematografía de animación japonesa
Authors: Valverde Maestre Águeda María
Published: August 2023

El castillo ambulante (2004) es un largometraje reconocido en la filmografía de Hayao Miyazaki. A pesar de recopilar las características de estilo del director nipón y de Studio Ghibli, esta cinta surge de la adaptación de la novela homónima escrita por Diana Wynne-Jones (1986, 2003). Este estudio analiza las similitudes y las diferencias ante el tratamiento de los personajes en la versión literaria y la versión cinematográfica de este relato, estudiando el caso de Howl, dada su relevancia en la trama y la carencia de investigaciones relacionadas con su perfil. Para ello, se elabora una metodología basada en las acepciones de Chatman (1990) referidas a los existentes. En definitiva, expone las particularidades originarias de la transposición del guion al filme.
QUARTER LIFE CRISIS (QLC): KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK PADA ALBUM LAGU HINDIA MENARI DENGAN BAYANGAN
Authors: Hasanah Dina Fitria , Mulyati Yeti , Hadianto Daris
Published: August 2023

The issue of mental health has been in the spotlight in this decade, and various media have voiced and given their perspectives, including a singer, Hindia, in the song lyrics of their album Menari dengan Bayangan. The songs specifically portray mental health problems that impact persons in their 20s who are experiencing a quarter-life crisis. In order to examine the truth of this hypothesis, a content analysis research method was chosen which was studied using psycholinguistic theory. Dissected 12 songs and 3 skits from people closest to Hindia which are included in the album entitled Menari dengan Bayangan. The results of the study show,1) the album contains the four stages of quarter life crisis, 2) the lyrics of the songs on the album Menari dengan Bayangan define a quarter-life crisis from the lowest to the last stage that can exceed the crisis in early adulthood, and 3) listeners to songs in the album Menari dengan Bayangan responded positively to every lyric contained in it and helped them to get out of the mental crisis they were facing.
A importância da leitura dos torques anteriores na mecânica ortodôntica com aparelhos fixos
Authors: Meireles José Kleber Soares de
Published: August 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Na história da evolução da Ortodontia, foi a inserção dos fios retangulares em canaletas retangulares que permitiu à mecânica ortodôntica, a partir de então chamada Edgewise, exercer total controle tridimensional sobre a movimentação dentária. Porém, a inter-relação entre a canaleta e esse fio retangular, especialmente no que tange às suas inclinações, pode suscitar movimentos indesejados, A importância da leitura dos torques anteriores na mecânica ortodôntica com aparelhos fixos JOSÉ KLEBER SOARES DE MEIRELES1 caso o ortodontista não esteja apto a interpretar tais interações e manejar o fio para otimizar a mecânica. OBJETIVO: A finalidade do presente artigo é explicar de forma prática como o clínico deve avaliar e manejar os torques reais para obter os torques relativos desejados na região anterior da arcada na fase de inserção dos fios retangulares.
Sem desculpas para fotografar em Ortodontia
Authors: Pellissari Bruno
Published: August 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar da digitalização na Ortodontia, a fotografia ainda se mostra essencial nesse contexto. Hoje, em função da evolução das câmeras dos smartphones, conseguimos fotografias de boa qualidade para comunicar, documentar, diagnosticar e para realizar um marketing diferenciado. Porém, para isso precisamos entender sobre as limitações dos smartphones e, principalmente, sobre o posicionamento da luz, para que haja uma melhor padronização das fotografias, visto que os smartphones não foram feitos para tirar fotografias odontológicas. Em contrapartida, esses dispositivos têm se mostrado uma ótima ferramenta na Ortodontia, principalmente para os dentistas que não possuem câmera com lente e flash. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente artigo é que você não dependa de um equipamento profissional para começar a documentar seus casos com qualidade e padronização.
Estabilidade ortodôntico-cirúrgica de um paciente Classe III: acompanhamento de 11 anos
Authors: Santos Alexandre Magno dos , Ribeiro Bruna Campos , Rhoden Fernando Kleinübing , Bueno Sebastião Cristian , Guedes Fabio Pinto , Capelozza Guilherme Milanese
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico das deformidades dentofaciais vinculadas à face Padrão III tem como objetivo restabelecer a harmonia facial, por meio da correção esquelética, e devolver a oclusão correta. Dessa maneira, devemos utilizar a análise facial como método de diagnóstico primário, levando em conta a idade, o sexo e a etnia do paciente. Isso nos proporciona prognósticos e metas terapêuticas objetivas e individualizadas, com estabilidade em longo prazo. Objetivo: O presente artigo descreve, por meio de um caso clínico, o tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de um paciente Classe III com deficiência maxilar, associada a prognatismo mandibular moderado. Caso Clínico: Foi proposta a correção da discrepância esquelética por meio da cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar, com tratamento ortodôntico pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: O paciente evoluiu não só com melhora na estética e na função, mas também na qualidade de vida.
Tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de deformidade dentofacial com deficiência maxilar e excesso mandibular em paciente jovem
Authors: Ursi Weber José da Silva , Matias Murilo
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo foi relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente jovem apresentando deformidade dentofacial causada por deficiência maxilar e excesso mandibular, tratada com uma combinação de Ortodontia e Cirurgia Ortognática. Caso clínico: O processo de escolha do tratamento implementado — no caso, a Ortodontia associada à Cirurgia Ortognática — foi contraposto a outras opções, como o uso de ancoragem esquelética ou exodontias compensatórias. Resultados e Conclusão: Partindo da queixa principal da paciente e de suas características clínicas, oclusais, funcionais e cefalométricas, estabeleceu-se um plano de tratamento, que logrou um resultado considerado bem-sucedido não somente a nível oclusal, que poderia ser obtido por outras opções de tratamento, mas também pelos ganhos estéticos e funcionais faciais e na estética do sorriso.
Мифы и убеждения о медицинских микрочипах-имплантах в России, Украине и Словении
Authors: Моисеев Станислав Павлович , Щеглова Тамара Евгеньевна , Мальцева Дарья Васильевна , Жнидаршич Аня , Баггиа Аленка , Вербер Борут , Беванда Ваня
Published: August 2023

В статье представлены основные результаты международного исследовательского проекта по изучению отношения населения к новым электронным устройствам — пассивным микрочипам RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification, радиочастотная идентификация), имплантируемым в тело человека с различными практическими целями. В рамках исследования изучались уровень информированности о RFID-микрочипах, представления об их потенциальной пользе и связанных с ними угрозах, а также основные мифы, связанные с их внедрением, в том числе в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Данные собирались посредством массовых опросов населения по квотной выборке в трех странах Европейского Союза (Словении, Польше, Хорватии), России и Украине. В тексте данной статьи приводится сравнение представлений о RFID-микрочипах жителей трех стран — России, Украины и Словении. Показано, что уровень осведомленности о технологии RFID достаточно низкий во всех странах, однако в Словении о технологии знает бóльшая доля населения, нежели в России и Украине. Микрочипы-импланты достаточно часто ассоциируются с инструментами слежки и контроля. Жители всех трех стран считают, что отслеживание перемещений по цифровым следам — наименее привлекательный вариант использования микрочипов-имплантов в контексте пандемии, в то время как идентификация вакцинированных, выздоровевших и заболевших оценивается позитивно.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ). Выражаем огромную благодарность нашим коллегам из компании “Aventica” Кириллу Непомнящему и Лауре Бедрединовой за помощь в сборе и подготовке данных в России.
От социологии алгоритмов к социальной аналитике искусственной социальности: анализ кейсов API и ChatGPT
Authors: Резаев Андрей Владимирович , Трегубова Наталья Дамировна
Published: August 2023

Статья рассматривает два примера информационных технологий ― API и ChatGPT, ― стремительно набравших популярность в последние несколько лет. Авторы описывают каждый из кейсов и анализируют, какие проблемы распространение этих технологий ставит перед социальными учеными. Отдельно рассматривается влияние ChatGPT и сходных технологий на сферу образования в рамках более общей тенденции ― развития универсальных технологий искусственного интеллекта. В заключении обсуждается взаимосвязь между рассмотренными технологиями, которая определяется развитием онлайн-культуры и взаимозависимости «человек — алгоритм». Авторы формулируют тезис о необходимости перехода к новым исследовательским вопросам об искусственной социальности в рамках социальной аналитики и иллюстрируют его на примере анализа использования ChatGPT в разных обществах и культурах.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Министерства по науке и технологиям Тайваня в рамках научного проекта № 21-511-52002. Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность двум анонимным рецензентам за внимательное отношение к работе, ценные замечания и рекомендации.
Status of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Italian Alps: an overview 2000–2004
Authors: Paolo MOLINARI Paolo , BIONDA Radames , CARMIGNOLA Giorgio , CATELLO Marco , CETTO Ermanno , Stefano FILACORDA Stefano , GAVAGNIN Patrizia , MINGOZZI Toni , RODOLFI Massimiliano , MOLINARI-JOBIN Anja
Published: August 2023

To assess the status of lynx we analysed lynx signs of presence within the Ital- ian Alps from 2000–2004. A total of 411 signs of lynx presence have been collected, compared to 261 signs during the previous pentad. Lynx tracks were the most frequent sign of presence, followed by prey remains and direct observations. Livestock depredation has so far not been a problem in Italy. Most of the presence signs (84%) are still concentrated in the Eastern Italian Alps in Friuli V.G. and the province of Belluno. A few conﬁrmed lynx signs of presence indicate a recolonisation of the Trentino Alto Adige region. In the western Alps (Piemonte region), most signs of lynx presence are concentrated close to the French border. The number of lynx occurring in Italy is roughly estimated to less than 20 individuals. The population cannot be considered viable and is still depending on immigration from neighboring countries.
Thermal acclimatization does not affect the resting activity of type T 1 trichobothrium in the firebug ( Pyrrhocoris apterus ; Heteroptera)
Authors: Drašlar Kazimir , Škorjanc Aleš , Batagelj Samo
Published: August 2023

Firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus) pass through the winter in adult state. They undergo a series of physiological changes in order to increase their capacity to survive at low ambient temperatures. Nevertheless, even during winter their body temperature can rise up to 28 °C for a few hours on a sunny day, which is comparable to summer conditions. To establish the impact of cold acclimatization on the function of mechanoreceptors, the resting activity of T1type trichobothria warmed up to 20 °C is compared in cold and warm acclimatized animals, as well in animals acclimated to laboratory conditions. In cold acclimatized animals the mean resting activity is 3300 imp/min (SE 90, n=13), in warm acclimatized 3400 imp/min (SE 60,n=15), and in animals acclimated to laboratory conditions 3700 imp/min (SE 130, n=17). The similar trend is observed in the variability of inter-impulse time intervals. The mean coefficient of the interval variation is in both cold and warm acclimatized animals 0.28 (cold SE 0.013,n=13; warm SE 0.010, n=15), and in animals acclimated to laboratory conditions 0.33 (SE 0.012,n=17). These data show negligible differences between the three groups. We can conclude that the resting activity of type T1 trichobothrium remains limited to a narrow range, regardless of the phase of the acclimatization process.
Začetniki raziskovalnega in pedagoškega dela na področju fiziologije rastlin v Sloveniji
Authors: Gogala Nada
Published: August 2023

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Odnos študentov razrednega pouka do gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO)
Authors: Ambrožič Dolinšek Jana , Šorgo Andrej
Published: August 2023

Prispevek obravnava odnos 359 študentov razrednega pouka treh slovenskih Pedagoških fakultet do genskega inženiringa in gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO). Izbor odgovorov oziroma soglašanje ali nesoglašanje s trditvami povezanimi z GSO izraža negotovost, nezaupanje in odklanjanje. S faktorsko analizo njihovih odgovorov smo prepoznali in ovrednotili nekatere skrbi in strahove, ki se pojavljajo v povezavi z razvojem novih tehnologij, njihov odnos do izobraževanja o GSO ter zaupanje do znanosti.
Economically important species of Asteraceae: An overview of leaf epidermal micro-morphology with respect to water availability
Authors: Agbede Isaak Kolawole , Philips Akinsulire Opeyemi , Faboyo Yemi Elizabeth , Johnson Akinloye Akinwumi
Published: August 2023

This paper reports the result of a study undertaken with a view to documenting responses of leaf epidermal parameters of three economically important species of the family Asteraceae: Aspilia africana, Chromolaena odorata and Vernonia amygdalina from Nigeria to seasonal water stress. Obtained quantitative data showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in stomata density and index on the abaxial surface in Chromolaena odorata in dry conditions. The increased stomata densities and indices on the adaxial surfaces in Aspilia africana and Vernonia amygdalina in the wet season suggest that CO2 was more taken up. The reduction in stomata size (on both leaf surfaces in the three taxa) in the dry season indicated species' adaptations to dry conditions and reduction in stomatal conductance. Turgescent guard cell in the three species in the wet season indicated stomatal opening, which could, though, be a hormonal response to water availability since transpiration needed to be activated. The ability of Aspilia africana to reduce water loss and defend against herbivores greatly increased in plants that developed in dry conditions by possessing more multicellular trichomes in comparison to wet conditions, while in Vernonia amygdalina, the number increased during the wet season. Water stress had little or no effect on the micro-morphology of anticlinal walls and the shapes and arrangements of the epidermal cells in the three species. This study revealed that investigations into leaf epidermal micro-morphology might be a useful tool to elucidate the multiple mechanisms underlying leaf epidermal structure function in response to water availability.
Urdu Translation and the Validation of a 14-Item Measure to Assess Stress Management Skills in Healthcare Workers: Measurement Invariance Across Gender
Authors: Ali Yumna , Farhana Kazmi Syeda
Published: August 2023

This study aims to conduct an Urdu translation and a validation of the ISBF Stress Management Skills Scale in two distinct phases. The first phase includes the forward-back translation method for ISBF. The second phase includes cross validation and the establishment of psychometric properties for the ISBF scale. A sample of 500 adults working in health care was taken from different hospitals and dispensaries. The first phase of the study includes the forward-back translation method. The second phase includes exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with invariance measurement. The total reliability of the scale is reported to be .812. EFA revealed a two-factor structure for ISBF scale, with configural, metric and scalar invariance across males and females, and comparable latent mean scores for males and females. CFA showed goodness-of fit indices for the two factors. The scale showed good internal consistency values. The model fit value includes the value for the goodness of fit index, which was .979, for the adjusted goodness-of fit index: .961, for the comparative fit index: .993, for the incremental fit index: .993, and for the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value: .033. Good values of composite reliability and convergent validity were measured for both dimensions of the scale. The scale shows that this diagnostic tool can help to assess the skills used to manage stress. For criterion validity, the coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-21) was used, which showed positive correlations. The subscale of stress management was taken from the Health Promoting Life Style Profile II (HPLP-II), which also showed positive correlations. Significant mean differences were found between scores of healthcare workers with stress management skills and with those without stress management skills. The group of mean differences indicated the females have greater stress management skills as compared to men. The Urdu translated and validated instrument will be helpful in understanding behavior in healthcare settings.
The history of the Cosmos: Implications for the Hubble tension
Authors: Storti Riccardo C.
Published: August 2023

In 2007, Storti predicted that the value of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) temperature may be improved: from the particle data group (PDG) value of [T
0 = 2.725 ± 0.001 K] to [T
0 = 2.7254 K]. In 2011, the PDG revised their value of CMBR to [T
0 = 2.7255 ± 0.006 K]. In 2008, Storti predicted a ΛCDM Hubble constant of [H
0 = 67.0843 km/s/Mpc]. In the same year, the PDG published their value as being [H
0 = 73 ± 3 km/s/Mpc]. In 2013, the PDG published a revised value of [H
0] as being considerably lower [H
0 = 67.3 ± 1.2 km/s/Mpc]. These predictions and experimental confirmations, in particular the value of [H
0] being successfully predicted 5 years in advance of the Planck collaboration and without Planck satellite instrumentation, demonstrate the power of the technique applied. We utilize the same technique to calculate the present values of ΛCDM [H
0], [ΩΛ], [ΩM], [q], and [Λ]. Subsequently, we describe the complete history of the cosmos from the instant of the Big Bang to the present epoch, in complete agreement with the standard model of cosmology. Moreover, we explicitly demonstrate that the Hubble tension does not exist, in a companion publication to this research article. This is achieved by utilizing a single equation to calculate both values of Hubble constant associated with the Hubble tension.
A sensitive LC-MS/MS methotrexate assay capable of assessing adherence to methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: McTaggart Malcolm P. , Bluett James , Keevil Brian G.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To develop a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method capable of measuring serum methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to assess adherence to drug treatment.

Methods

Isotopically labelled internal standard and deionised water were added to sample prior to solid phase extraction using a Waters Oasis Max ion-exchange 96-well plate. Following extraction, samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS on a TQS-micro mass spectrometer.

Results

Mean recovery was 107 % for four different concentrations of methotrexate spiked into seven patient samples, whilst post extraction spiking gave a mean recovery of 100 %. Between-batch and within-batch CVs were ≤6 % at three different concentrations of methotrexate in fresh frozen plasma. Mean bias was <5 % for between-batch and within batch analysis at three different weighed in concentrations of methotrexate certified reference material. The lower limit of quantification of the assay was 0.1 nmol/L with linearity up to approximately 100 nmol/L. Dilution linearity studies were used to validate the dilution of patient samples prior to analysis. There was no significant interference in the method from lipaemia, haemolysis or icterus.

Conclusions

A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for methotrexate has been developed and validated. The method has been used to measure methotrexate adherence in patient samples from clinical trials and could be used in future research to assess the ability of the assay as a biofeedback intervention to improve adherence to methotrexate therapy.
A Russian Story in the USA: On the Identity of Post-Socialist Immigration
Authors: Anastasova Ekaterina
Published: August 2023

This article presents the problem of identity construction among Eastern European immigrants to the USA after so-called “democratic changes.” It is based on the intercultural rather than multicultural approach which considers both the immigrants’ interactions with the host society and their individual choices in constructing identity and selecting a lifestyle. The article is a case study analyzing a “success story” of a person of Bulgarian–Russian origin who immigrated to the USA in the 1990s and built up his identity on the basis of a Russian national narrative. This narrative is rooted in Russian history, classic literature, and art, i.e., in high Russian culture. It serves as a framework for shaping the immigrant’s lifestyle as a whole and permeates the material culture of his home, reflecting the migrant’s perception of what is genuine Russianness. Family relations as well as friendships and relations with people frequenting his house are also aligned with ideas expressing the dominant motifs of the national narrative as it exists in the immigrant’s mind and imagination. Material for the chapter is drawn from fieldwork conducted by the author in 2015–2017 in New York and Long Island.
Skew-braces and 𝑞-braces
Authors: Rump Wolfgang
Published: August 2023

Skew-braces are ring-like objects arising in connection with Hopf–Galois theory and set-theoretic solutions 𝑆 to the Yang–Baxter equation.
Interactions between skew-braces are often related to 𝑞-braces.
For example, every 𝑞-brace 𝐴 is given by a pair of skew-braces which induces a ℤ-indexed sequence of skew-braces.
The sequence collapses if 𝐴 itself is a skew-brace.
The free group over the underlying set of a solution 𝑆 is a 𝑞-brace.
Bi-crossed products of skew-braces are shown to be 𝑞-braces, and criteria are developed when they are skew-braces.
Two classes of skew-braces are put into a bijective correspondence with special 𝑞-braces, which themselves need not be skew-braces.
Characterizations of 𝑞-braces, including one in terms of a graph and one as special modules over skew-braces, are given.
Nutrient assessment and land reclamation in the Loess hills and Gulch region in the context of gully control
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Xia Liheng , Lei Na
Published: August 2023

Soil quality is the key to the success or failure of the gully land reclamation project. Studying the variation characteristics of soil nutrients and evaluating the nutrient classes in the gully after the implementation of gully land reclamation project in the loess hilly and gully region can provide a basis for adjusting the spatial layout of gully crops, rational planning and utilization of land resources, and soil nutrient management. In this study, a typical gully in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, China was taken as the research object. Based on the data of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) before 0 year (0a) and after 2, 4, and 8 years (2a, 4a, and 8a) gully remediation. From the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and its levels, the classical statistical analysis, geostatistical analysis, and matter-element model were used to reveal the variation characteristics of soil nutrients in the gully before and after the gully land reclamation project. The results showed that (1) before remediation, except for AK which reached the level of 1–3, the rest of the nutrients content was generally low and the degree of variation was large, after remediation the degree of variation decreased and the coefficient of variation was between 0.23–0.54, the distribution tended to be uniform. (2) SOM content showed a “decrease–increase” change process, reaching the highest after remediation (8a); TN and AP increased first and then decreased; AK showed a “downward–upward–downward” change process. (3) The soil nutrient grade belongs to the appropriate level. After the implementation of the project, only the gully head is reduced to the poor level. After 4a of remediation, the soil nutrient grade is restored and has the potential to continue to improve. Compared with the slope land remediation, the soil nutrient recovery time of gully land creation is shorter, the spatial layout of crops can be adjusted according to the soil nutrient characteristics of different locations in gully, and different levels and methods of management measures can be implemented to increase food production.
Elementary amenable groups of cohomological dimension 3
Authors: Hillman Jonathan A.
Published: August 2023

We show that torsion-free elementary amenable groups of Hirsch length at most 3 are solvable, of derived length at most 3.
This class includes all solvable groups of cohomological dimension 3.
We show also that groups in the latter subclass are either polycyclic, semidirect products

BS
⁢

(
1
,
n
)

⋊
Z

\mathrm{BS}(1,n)\rtimes\mathbb{Z}

, or properly ascending HNN extensions with base

Z
2

\mathbb{Z}^{2}

or

π
1

⁢

(
Kb
)

\pi_{1}(\mathrm{Kb})

.