bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology-based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Coptis Chinensis Franch in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ma Jianxiong , Ye Miaoyong , Ma Ke , Zhou Kang , Zhang YingYing , Wang Xiting , Tong Hongxuan
Published: September 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease that causes low fertility in females. Coptis chinensis (CC) has been used to clear away heat and dampness, purify fire, and detoxify in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although CC has demonstrated efficacy against PCOS in clinical practice, there is no available data regarding the bioactive ingredients, component targets, and confirmed molecular mechanism of this drug combination.Methods: A network pharmacology approach was applied to analyze the bioactive ingredients, component targets, and core signaling pathways of CC. The TCM systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was used to screen effective active ingredients and targets of CC. The GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGkb databases was utilized to screen disease targets for PCOS. R language software was used to screen common targets of drugs and diseases. Cytoscape software (version 3.7.1) was utilized to build a drug-active ingredient-disease target interaction network, and the STRING platform was utilized to construct a common target protein-protein interaction network, including 102 nodes and 221 edges. OmicShare tools was used to analysis Gene ontology (GO) biological function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) path enrichment. Schrodinger software was used to evaluate the interaction between active components and their targets and explore binding modes.Results: 14 effective active ingredients and 218 targets of CC were screened by TCMSP platform. 3517 disease targets for PCOS were obtianed by the disease database and 102 common targets of drugs and diseases were screened through R language software. Key targets of CC for the treatment of PCOS included JUN, MAPK, IL-6, CXCL8, FOS, and IL1B. A total of 123 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 129 pathways were acquired by analyzing the enrichment of GO and KEGG. It is speculated that the AGEs/RAGE, TNF, IL-17, MAPK and HIF-1 signaling pathways are closely related to PCOS and may be the core pathways involved in PCOS. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin has a higher degree of binding to core targets (eg: IL-6, IL- 1β, MAPK, CXCL8) related to the inflammatory pathway.Conclusions: This preliminary study verified the basic pharmacological effects and mechanisms of CC, a Chinese medicine, in the treatment of PCOS. Particularly, the effect of CC on inflammation and glucose metabolism pathway was noteworthy. This study provides new insights for the systematic exploration of the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine.
Fatter or Stronger: Resource Allocation Strategy and the Underlying Metabolic Mechanisms in Amphibian Tadpole
Authors: Zhu Wei , Chang Liming , Shu Guocheng , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping
Published: September 2020

BackgroundResource allocation trade-off between storage and somatic growth is an essential physiological phenomenon in animals. Revealing its patterns and underlying mechanisms are fundamental for behavior, evolutionary, and population ecological studies. Currently, our understanding of the real-time resource allocating patterns in animals is still limited, and the underlying metabolic mechanisms have been rarely investigated. The life strategy of amphibian larvae relies on precise coordination between storage and somatic growth, which makes them good model for studying this issue.ResultsHere, the resource allocation strategy was investigated for Rana omeimontis tadpoles, who exhibit prominent hepatic fat-accumulation. Results showed that their ontogenetic fat accumulation emerged when tadpoles grew to a body weight range of 30–50 mg, where their fat storage had a high priority in resource allocation. Beyond this range, the resource proportion for somatic growth increased, but continuous storage investment was likely maintained to kept higher body fat index in larger individuals. This seeming paradoxical allocation pattern could be explained by assuming a positive relationship between storage abundance and the investment to somatic growth. This speculation was supported by the observation that storage had the priority in resource allocation to reach a higher body fat index before increment in body weight when food level increased. Moreover, it was also supported by the metabolic pattern that presented lipid-based energy metabolism after ontogenetic fat accumulation, and activating the mobilization of fat storage in the liver can promote the somatic growth. In short, fat synthesis and fat accumulation in the liver may well modulated the resource allocation to somatic growth, and their liver likes a reservoir with valves to regulate energy flow for the downstream developmental processes.ConclusionIn Rana omeimontis tadpoles, their hepatic fat level positively modulated the resource allocation to somatic growth through lipid-based energy metabolism. We reveal the real-time resource allocation pattern in an amphibian tadpole and explain it at molecular level. These results likely provide a new mechanistic insight into the resource allocation in animals.
Usefulness of an artificial neural network for a beginner to achieve similar interpretations to an expert when examining myocardial perfusion images
Authors: Chiba Akiyo , Kudo Takashi , Ideguchi Reiko , Myssaev Altay , Koga Seiji , Yonekura Tsuyoshi , Tsuneto Akira , Morikawa Minoru , Ikeda Satoshi , Kawano Hiroaki , Koide Yuji , Uetani Masataka , Maemura Koji
Published: September 2020

Background: This study examined whether using an artificial neural network (ANN) helps beginners in diagnostic cardiac imaging to achieve similar results to experts when interpreting stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).Methods: 138 patients underwent stress MPI with Tc-labeled agents. An expert and a beginner interpreted stress/rest MPI with or without the ANN and the results were compared. The myocardium was divided into 5 regions (the apex; septum; anterior; lateral, and inferior regions), and the degree of myocardial blood flow was evaluated from 0 to 4, and SSS, SRS, and SDS were calculated. The ANN effect, defined as the difference in each of these scores between with and without the ANN, was calculated to investigate the influence of ANN on the interpreters' performance. Results: The ANN effect was smaller for the expert than for the beginner. Conclusions: When interpreting MPI, beginners may achieve similar results to experts by using an ANN. Thus, interpreting MPI with ANN may be useful for beginners.
Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-lateral Flow Detection of SARS-CoV-2, the Etiological Agent of COVID-19
Authors: Shelite Thomas R , Uscanga-Palomeque Ashanti C , Castellanos Alejandro , Melby Peter C , Travi Bruno L
Published: September 2020

The rapid detection of novel pathogens necessitates the development of easy-to-use diagnostic tests that can be readily adapted and utilized in both clinical laboratories and field settings. In December of 2019, novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), was isolated from a cluster of pneumonia patients in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus rapidly spread throughout the world and the first fatal cases of COVID-19 in the United States occurred in late February. The lack of testing and delay in diagnosis has facilitated the spread of this novel virus. Development of point-of-care diagnostic assays that can be performed in rural or decentralized health care centers to expand testing capacity is needed. We developed a qualitative test based on recombinase-polymerase-amplification coupled with lateral flow reading (RPA-LF) for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. The RPA-LF detected SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of detection of 35.4 viral nucleocapsid (N) gene copies/µL. Additionally, the RPA-LF was able to detect 0.25-2.5 copies/µL of SARS-CoV-2 N gene containing plasmid. We evaluated 37 clinical samples using CDC’s N3, N1 and N2 RT-real-time PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 as reference test. We found a 100% concordance between RPA-LF and RT-qPCR reference test as determined by 18/18 positive and 19/19 negative samples. All positive samples had Ct values between 19-37 by RT-qPCR. The RPA-LF primers and probe did not cross react with other relevant betacoronaviruses such as SARS and MERS. This is the first isothermal amplification test paired with lateral flow developed for qualitative detection of COVID-19 allowing rapid viral detection and with prospective applicability in resource limited and decentralized laboratories.
Effective online professional development: Teacher perceptions, practices, and preferences
Authors: Poole Trisha , Fitzgerald Angela , Dann Chris
Published: September 2020

Never before has the importance of effective online professional development been more prominent than it has during the COVID-19 times with the significant transition to working and teaching online. Effective professional development (PD) is critical in supporting in-service teachers to continue developing professionally, expanding their knowledge, skills, and abilities, and enhancing self-efficacy. The elements of effective face-to-face PD have been researched extensively, but those for online PD remain elusive. This paper reports on the perspectives of in-service teachers who were surveyed on their preferences, practices, and perceptions of effective online PD. The elements of effective online PD were identified: flexibility, human connection, content, savings, and technology. These elements are presented in the context of teachers’ behaviours and preferences, which allows a deeper understanding of how to design and develop effective online PD. These findings support the future development of a framework for effective online PD for in-service teachers.
Necrotising Vasculitis in Covid-19: watch out for bowel perforation
Authors: Persiano Tonia , Grulli Francesca , Cornara Pietro , Bonomi Francesca , Casazza Alberto , Coci Anna , Mediani Sabina Teresa , Bellazzi Elisabetta , Carnevale Livio
Published: September 2020

Introduction: SARS-Cov-2 infection can be asymptomatic, greatly impair respiratory function and, sometimes, affect other organs. Gastro-enteric involvement seems to be not so rare and many patients suffered for abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea or jaundice. Case presentation: Here we report a case of a Covid-19 patient who developed a right colon perforation due to a pseudomembranous colitis without Clostridium Difficile toxins finding associated to a necrotising vasculitis. In this patient a PCR test performed on gastric fluid showed SARS-CoV-2 enteric replication. Discussion: Necrotizing vasculitis is an anatomopathological typical findings in Covid-19. It has been documented in several organs and tissues. In our case, evident foci of necrotizing vasculitis with intravascular obliteration by fibrin thrombi with macrophagic cells infiltration are anatomopathological findings of a CD toxins free pseudomembranous colitis leading to bowel perforation. Conclusions: Bowel perforation due to necrotizing vasculitis leading to pseudomembranous colitis could be a SARS-Cov-2 related clinical finding.
Project Management for Computer-Based Training Development
Authors: Schwier Richard A.
Published: September 2020

This article deals with the management of instructional development projects for computer-based training (CBT), and is primarily aimed at project managers working with a team of instructional developers for a corporate client. Two issues are discussed: a) estimating the size of a CBT project, and b) performing a cost-benefit analysis. These issues are important for projecting costs, tracking performance and justifying development expenditures.This is a fictionalized case study. The methodology, examples, concepts and estimates are composite sketches drawn from several projects, based upon the author's experiences while working as a CBT project manager. Actual figures and clients have been intentionally obscured to protect the proprietary rights of all parties involved.The reader should be cautioned that the article presents only one approach to project development and estimation. Wholesale application of the approach described is not recommended, as every project will introduce novel interactions of resources and variables which mandate different treatment. Still, it is hoped that the reader will draw upon the ideas presented to refine project management approaches already used.
Update
Authors: Lewis Richard F.
Published: September 2020

None
AMTEC '82: Still on the Right Track
Authors: Chalmers John
Published: September 2020

None
Television and Children: A Bibliography
Authors: Luke Carmen
Published: September 2020

None
Television and Children: A Bibliography (Part II)
Authors: Luke Carmen
Published: September 2020

None
Knowing Ourselves
Authors: Osborne Ken
Published: September 2020

None
"Canadian Eh!" Technological Change and the Emergence of Canadian Studies
Authors: Morrison T. R.
Published: September 2020

None
Classroom Simulation Update: Can Technology Revive This Seldom Used Instructional Technique?
Authors: Buehning Walt , Schieman Erv
Published: September 2020

None
Microware Reviews
Authors: Proctor Leonard F.
Published: September 2020

None
Impact of a LOGO program on Native Adults
Authors: Michayluk J. O. , Yackulic R. A.
Published: September 2020

None
The Standards Revisited
Authors: Branscombe Fred
Published: September 2020

None
Towards Provincial Standards: The Alberta Experience - Mission Possible
Authors: Friderichsen Blanche
Published: September 2020

None
Comparative Genomics of Receptor Binding Domains of Spike Protein and Receptor Interaction in COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Dasgupta Rimjhim
Published: September 2020

The current outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. Among its genome, S protein is surface-exposed and mediates entry into host cells. Currently it is one of the main targets for designing antibodies (Abs), therapeutic and vaccine. Earlier studies stated that ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) could facilitate S protein mediated entry for this newly emerged coronavirus. Here we have taken an attempt to compare the genetic structure of receptor binding domain within S protein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (special reference to 2019-nCoV) with Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We have compared 2019-nCov receptor binding domain (RBD) with other pathogenic human coronaviruses (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) and Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We found that it is closest to RaTG13 RBD than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Our study shows that 2019-nCov RBD also has significant identity with pangolin S protein RBD. We have also predicted the amino acid residues within RDB those may play important role for ACE2 receptor interaction. We identified unique signature for furin cleavage in 2019-nCov S protein but not in of other pathogenic human coronaviruses (tested here), bat coronavirus RaTG13 or pangolin.
Overview of the Current and Potential Effects of COVID-19 on U.S. Animal Shelters
Authors: Szydlowski Michelle , Gragg Chelsea
Published: September 2020

Despite the global COVID-19 pandemic, animal shelters in the United States and around the world are experiencing massive increases in adoption and foster rates.  Remaining open as designated essential businesses, these shelters are interviewing adopters in parking lots to maintain social distancing guidelines and watching even long-term or hard-to-adopt residents find permanent homes.  The reasons behind these phenomena are varied, but appear to stem in part from the positive benefits humans feel that they receive from sharing their home with an animal. In addition, many believe that being able to spend more time at home is important when adopting a pet, and COVID-19 has allowed people this opportunity.  This study examines the adoption phenomena through an anthrozoological lens, and identifies the reasons behind this increase in animal adoption as well as the potential negative effects once the COVID crisis is over. If this increase in adoption will continue as people return to work remains to be seen, and experts question whether relinquishment and abandonment rates will skyrocket as the nation faces widespread unemployment and economic insecurity.
Role of Respiratory Muscle Strength using MIP Testing Following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Agrawal Anita , Nalgirkar Vivek
Published: September 2020

Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) are measures of respiratory muscle strength and may be more sensitive in detecting early respiratory muscle impairment compared with spirometry. Respiratory muscle strength is a proven conjecturer of many diseases like muscular dystrophy, neuromuscular disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Maximal inspiratory pressure is gaining interest as a test to improvise impaired respiratory muscle strength of COVID-19 patients following infection. The primary aim of this study is to discuss the potential role of respiratory muscle performance followed by coronavirus infection. The sensitivity and specificity of MIP and MEP was estimated on patients suffering with chronic lung disease. This study proposes a hypothesis that aims to screen for respiratory muscle impairment in patients with dyspnea or characteristics associated with increased risk of severe respiratory complaints.
Current Economic Situation of India: Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Mandal Indubaran
Published: September 2020

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the Indian Economy. The economy was already in a parlous state before COVID-19 struck. The prolonged lockdown in India will have a sizeable impact on the economy mainly on consumption which is the biggest component of GDP. The magnitude of the economic impact will depend upon the duration and severity of the health crisis, the duration of the lockdown and the manner in which the situation unfolds once the lockdown is lifted. In this paper we will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on various sector economy such as Tourism, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Education and analyze the situation by using some indicators like the GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, Industrial Production, household income etc. This work mainly focuses on the situation in India pre-crises and during the crises to help understand the downturns and challenges faced by Indian Economy.
Cognitive Assessment in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Subjects
Authors: Amalakanti Sridhar , Arepalli Kesava Venkata Raman , Jillella Jyothi Priya
Published: September 2020

Background
Neurological features of COVID-19 have been reported in addition to the respiratory manifestations, but cognitive dysfunction has been scarcely described. And cognitive assessment has not been studied in asymptomatic subjects.
Method
We compared the cognitive assessment scores between asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects with that of controls to detect mild cognitive impairment by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test.
Result
Asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects secured lower scores in certain domains of the MoCA in comparison with the controls. The domains were visuoperception
(2.4±0.7 vs2.8±0.7, p=0.032), naming (3.6±0.5 vs3.9±0.2, p=0.016) and fluency (0.9±0.6 vs1.6±0.7, p=<0.001). Also, older aged COVID-19 positive subjects scored lower in the MoCA when compared to the younger people.
Conclusion
Our study shows that even otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects have cognitive deficits in certain subdomains and suggests the need for a detailed psychometric assessment especially in the elderly population.
A Systematic Review on the Potency and How Safe Chloroquine is for the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Tunde Aborode Abdullahi
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is a global health emergency of serious health concern. However, there is no current medical treatment, although it is much needed for patient contracting the severe form of the disease. This systematic review was to explain the information regarding chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 via the data obtain from PubMed and other three trial Registries which were searched for review and the use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. Four articles were included (one narrative letter, one in-vitro study, one commentary and one editorial) and review on other 14 ongoing clinical trials in China. Chloroquine seems to have great potential in reducing the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (virus causing COVID-19) in vitro. There is high chance, pre-clinical evidence of effectiveness and information of safety from long-time clinical use for other indications to describe the clinical research on Chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. However, clinical description should either adhere to the Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered Interventions (MEURI) framework or be ethically approved as a trial as stated by the World Health Organization. Safety data and data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed.
Long-range magnetic order in the ${\tilde S}=1/2$ triangular lattice antiferromagnet KCeS$_2$
Authors: Bastien Gaël , Rubrecht Bastian , Häußler Ellen , Schlender Philipp , Zangeneh Ziba , Avdoshenko Stanislav , Sarkar Rajib , Alfonsov Alexey , Luther Sven , Onykiienko Yevhen A. , Walker Helen C. , Kühne Hannes , Grinenko Vadim , Guguchia Zurab , Kataev Vladislav , Klauss Hans-Henning , Hozoi Liviu , van den Brink Jeroen , Inosov Dmytro S. , Büchner Bernd , Wolter-Giraud Anja , Doert Thomas
Published: September 2020

Recently, several putative quantum spin liquid (QSL) states were
discovered in {\tilde S} = 1/2S̃=1/2
rare-earth based triangular-lattice antiferromagnets (TLAF) with the
delafossite structure. In order to elucidate the conditions for a QSL to
arise, we report here the discovery of a long-range magnetic order in
the Ce-based TLAF KCeS_22
below T_{\mathrm N} = 0.38TN=0.38 K,
despite the same delafossite structure. Finally, combining various
experimental and computational methods, we characterize the crystal
electric field scheme, the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetic ground
state of KCeS_22.
Ochrona środowiska jako istotny element funkcjonowania samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce
Authors: Jabłoński Maciej
Published: September 2020

Currently, not to be underestimated is the role of local governments in the field of environmental protection. It is on their different levels that local authorities determine the efficiency of setting environmental standards for local communities. The efficient implementation of regional operational programs determines the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable development.
Topical Ocular Delivery of Nanocarriers: A Feasible Choice for Glaucoma Management
Authors: Kesavan Karthikeyan , Mohan Parasuraman , Gautam Nivedita , Sheffield Val C.
Published: September 2020

Topical ocular delivery is an acceptable and familiar approach for the treatment of common ocular
diseases. Novel strategies for the treatment of inherited eye diseases include new pharmacologic agents, gene
therapy and genome editing, which lead to the expansion of new management options for eye disorders. The
topical ocular delivery of nanocarriers is a technique, which has the potential to facilitate novel treatments. Nanocarrier-
based strategies have proven effective for site-targeted delivery. This review summarizes recent development
in the area of topical delivery of different nanocarriers (Polymer, Vesicular and dispersed systems) for the
management of glaucoma, a group of ocular disorders characterized by progressive and accelerated degeneration
of the axons of retinal ganglion cells, which make up the optic nerve. Unique cellular targets for glaucoma treatment,
primarily the trabecular meshwork of the anterior segment of the eye, make glaucoma facilitated by the use
of nanocarriers an ideal disorder for novel molecular therapies.
Herbal Drugs and Natural Products in the light of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine for Developing Drug Formulations
Authors: Ahmed Hiwa M. , Nabavi Seyed , Behzad Sahar
Published: September 2020

Natural products and medicinal plants have played a vital role in providing healthcare and
ensuring well-being for many civilizations since antiquity. It is estimated that around 50% of drugs in
the market have a natural product origin especially medicinal plants and herbal drugs, animals, fungi,
and marine organisms. Some of these biologically active constituents of extracts have low absorption
and distribution which, as a result, lead to loss of bioavailability and efficacy and might hamper their
applications in the clinic. To overcome these impediments for the formulation of herbal drugs, food
supplements, and essential oils, several nanomedical approaches such as liposomes, microemulsions,
polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liquid crystal systems (LC), and precursor
systems for liquid crystals (PSLCs) have been proposed. Nanoparticles have been used to modify and
ameliorate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different drugs, thus incorporating
biotechnological systems may be useful to enhance the bioavailability and bioactivity of herbal
drug formulations. Consequently, essential for any natural compounds is the extent of its absorption
after being ingested and its ability to be distributed in various tissues or organs of the body. The
present review article aims to give an overview of the recent advancements in developing herbal drug
formulations based on nanoparticle technologies.
Anti-drug Antibodies Monitoring in Biologics Use: Clinical Implications
Authors: Dhahri Rim , Athimni Selma , Slouma Maroua , Metoui Leila , Gharsallah Imene , Louzir Bassem
Published: September 2020

Background:

Over the years, drug monitoring-such as Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)
dosage- has witnessed major transformations. In fact, ADA are more and more used in rheumatology
and gastro-enterology in monitoring chronic inflammatory disease therapeutic response. The
main purpose of those researches is to produce less immunogenic drugs and, in consequences, to
improve tolerance and efficiency since immunogenicity of those drugs still is the main constraint
to their long-term use. The aim of this review was to highlight anti-drug-antibodies potential effects
on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of biotherapies as well as their clinical implications.

Methods:

For this purpose, we collected and summarized published data on PubMed using keywords
“Biologics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, Crohn disease, Anti-drug antibodies,
residual rate, immunogenicity, efficacy, tolerance”. The time-period selected for this study was
2000-2019.

Results:

Anti-Drug-antibodies decrease the pharmaco-availability of drugs and, in consequences,
its efficiency and high risk of refractory diseases and side effects.

Conclusion:

Recent literature is consistent with the fact that drug monitoring using ADA dosage
coupled with residual drug concentration offers reliable options to comfort practitioner’ therapeutic
management decisions. This is particularly interesting in failure of treatment or in side effects
onset situations.
Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kulanthaivel Shanmugaraj , Kaliberdenko Vitalii B. , Balasundaram Keerthanaa , Shterenshis Michael V. , Scarpellini Emidio , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Corona virus is a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and
birds. In humans, these families of viruses can cause respiratory infections from a mild form to fatal.
It is preferably called coronavirus. Formally, it is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and this disease is called
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is infectious in humans and the world health
organization has announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. Tocilizumab is a biological agent
that inhibits the cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6 inhibitor). As SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the development
of cytokine storm syndrome, the drug, tocilizumab, seems to have a positive effect on
patients with COVID-19.

Aim:

To analyze and review the possible effects and efficacy of the tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody
against IL-6 receptors) in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Materials and methods:

A search was carried out for all recent review articles, which were used to
study the SARS-CoV-2 disease and their characteristics. Furthermore, we have analyzed the most
recent research articles on monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors (tocilizumab) and their possible
clinical effects in COVID-19 and its’ clinical trials.

Results:

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a life threatening condition,
which can give rise to fatal outcomes if left untreated. However, there are no approved treatments
for COVID-19 globally. Furthermore, we can conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with
the worsening of lung conditions, characterized by interstitial pneumonia with acute respiratory distress
syndrome as a result of cytokine storm syndrome. According to available research data, tocilizumab,
a recombinant humanized anti-human monoclonal antibody of IgG1τ (gamma 1, kappa),
can improve patient’s condition from cytokine storm syndrome by inhibiting the IL-6 (Interleukin
6) receptors.

Conclusion:

The rational use of the tocilizumab in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients can
prevent the development of irreversible lung injury and death of the patient. Three retrospective
studies of Xiaoling Xu et al., Pan luo et al., and Paola Tonaiti et al. have shown the efficacy of tocilizumab
in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, we need more randomized research
studies with a significant number of patients which can confirm the promising results on tocilizumab
treatment in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, ongoing clinical trails such as TOSCA, COVACTA
results have not been published yet which are expected to give better and more significant
results on tocilizumab’s effectiveness and safety.
From the Editor - January 2009
Authors: Van Fleet David D.
Published: September 2020

Thanks and farewell
Enterprise Zones for Former Military Bases: Some Empirical Evidence from California’s LAMBRA Program
Authors: Hanson Lee , Hebein Fred
Published: September 2020

LAMBRA is an enterprise zone program created by the state of California to encourage commercial reuse of deactivated military bases. This paper reports results of an exploratory study of LAMBRA’s influence on b usiness decisions to locate or expand at former installations . The study first interviewed local program managers in site visits, who reported that they had perceived limited economic impact of the LAMBRA program. Businesses at the LAMBRA locations then were surveyed. Statistical analysis of the surveys showed that few businesses at the sites had taken advantage of LAMBRA. The study presents recommendations for policy and future research.
Albanian Turnover: Is the Job Embeddedness Construct Predictive in an Albanian Context?
Authors: Harman Wendy S. , Blum Michael , Stefani Julia , Taho Ada
Published: September 2020

This paper seeks to expand the knowledge of the influence of job embeddedness using a sample of Albanian employees working in the banking industry. Findings from the Albanian sample differed from previous findings in embeddedness research conducted in the US. The influence that the affective components of turnover, that of commitment and satisfaction, have on intent to leave as well as the highly predictive (in U.S. samples) job embeddedness construct influenced turnover in this sample of Albanian bank employees. Demographic and cultural explanations for these findings suggest that job embeddedness may have differential effects cross-culturally.
An empirical examination of the relationships between Adult Attention Deficit, Personal Task Management Systems and Role Stress
Authors: Coetzer Graeme H. , Richmond Lynn
Published: September 2020

Adult attention deficit disorders (AAD) and stress are pervasive and significant experiences with mostly harmful consequences for both employees and organizations as a whole. This research study proposes a link between AAD and role stress. Adults who are experiencing the core symptoms of AAD (difficulties with task activation, concentration, effort, emotional interference and accessing memory) are less likely to develop an effective task management system. This in turn should lead to higher levels of role stress. Both the association between AAD and total role stress (r = 0.34, p < 0.01), and the more specific associations between AAD and role overload (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), role ambiguity (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) and role conflict (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), were statistically significant. The associations between the lack of an effective task management system and both AAD (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and total role stress (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) were statistically significant. The Sobel test (Z = 6.57, p < 0.00) provides support for the hypothesis that the lack of an effective task management system fully mediates the relationship between AAD and role stress. Future research needs to draw samples from a variety of work situations.
Forgiveness as a Workplace Intervention: The Literature and a Proposed Framework
Authors: Madsen Susan R. , Gygi Janice C. , Hammond Scott C. , Plowman Suzanne F.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this review is to explore the literature related to interpersonal forgiveness in organizations and its possible implications for management and HRD theory and practice. It defines forgiveness and provides a theoretical framework for its consideration within the workplace environment. It also reviews and discusses the benefits and risks of forgiveness, the role of leadership in a forgiving culture, and the literature regarding related business interventions.
Developing Patient-Centered Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Related Educational Videos Optimized for Social Media: Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Khalil Carine , Van Deen Welmoed , Dupuy Taylor , Bonthala Nirupama , Almario Christopher , Spiegel Brennan
Published: September 2020

Background

Important knowledge gaps have been identified related to the causes and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and medical treatments and their side effects. Patients with IBD turn to social media to learn more about their disease. However, such information found on the web is misleading and often of low quality.

Objective

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD and to use the resulting insights to develop a collection of freely available, evidence-based educational videos optimized for dissemination through social media.

Methods

We used design thinking, a human-centered approach, to guide our qualitative research methodology. We performed focus groups and interviews with a diverse sample of 29 patients with IBD. Data collection was performed in 3 phases (inspiration, ideation, and implementation) based on IDEO design thinking. Phase 1 offered insights into the needs of patients with IBD, whereas phases 2 and 3 involved ideation, prototyping, and video testing. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the resulting data.

Results

Patients emphasized the need for educational videos that address their challenges, needs, and expectations. From the data analysis, 5 video topics and their content emerged: IBD treatments’ risks and benefits; how to be a self-advocate; how to stay healthy with IBD; how to cope with IBD; and educating families, friends, and colleagues about experiences of patients with IBD.

Conclusions

Design thinking offers a deep understanding and recognition of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD; this approach informed the development of 5 evidence-based educational videos. Future research will formally test and disseminate these freely available videos through social media.
Technical Efficiency of State-Owned Sugarcane Production in East Java
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Taufik , Jamhari Jamhari , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

This study aims to (1) identify the factors that influence the production of plant cane and ratoon cane, (2) determine the level of production efficiency of plant cane, ratoon cane, and poll, and (3) identify the factors that influence the inefficiency of plant cane and ratoon cane production. The sugarcane estate for this study is owned by a state company in East Java. The total number of estate is 1,404 estate divided into 531 plant cane estate and 873 ratoon cane estate. The data used is secondary data sourced from the production data for the 2017-2018 planting season with some inputs: land area, fertilizers, herbicides, labor, age of plants harvested and data of land types. From the analysis, it was revealed that (1) factors that influence the increase of plant cane production are land area, ZA fertilizer, harvest labor, and types of fields, while dummy varieties affect decreasing on it. Meanwhile for ratoon cane are land area, SP36 fertilizer, ametryn herbicide, harvest labor, type of fields, and HGU land type while estate labor, mechanization, and dummy varieties affect decreasing on it, (2) sugarcane farming is technically efficient with the value of efficiency for the plant cane is 0.9621, ratoon cane is 0.9456 and poll of both is 0.9518, (3) factors affecting the inefficiency for plant cane are formal education and rank levels of plant officer. However the coefficient of the formal education variable is negative  and the rank level coefficient is positive. A higher level of education will increase production, but a higher rank level of plant officer will decrease it. Improving education levels can be provided by giving mentoring or the provision of courses. Another thing that can be done is by allowing plant officer to benchmark to other similar companies. In ratoon cane, there is no effect of technical inefficiency. So an increase in ratoon cane production can be done by increasing the use of production input or by ratoon maintain techniques.
ANALISIS KETERPADUAN PASAR BERAS DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Widati Agatha Wahyu , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed to investigate 1) rice marketing channel in ManokwariRegency; 2) marketing margin in Manokwari regency; and 3) market integration of rice in Manokwari regency. Primary and secondary data were collected in this research. Primary data were applied in analysis of rice marketing channel, and marketing margin, while secondary data of rice price for the period of 2004- 2010 were applied in analysis of market integration. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), and regression method were implemented in analysis of this research. Result of the analysis show thatthere are nine rice marketing patterns or local rice marketing channels in Manokwari regency. The longest channel was involved three institutions such as village level rice millerlhuller, regency wholesaler and retailer which have the largest marketing margin too. Most farmer utilize the sixth rice marketing pattern on marketing channel, involving two intermediate middleman such as rice millerlhuller and regency retailer. The channel has low marketing margin which motivated farmer for producing rice due to largest share of price accepted by farmers. Analysis of rice market integration at Manokwari regency show that rice price at wholesale level is integrated with that at retaillevel.Penelitian ini bertujuan ootuk mengetahui 1). Jalur pemasaran beras produksi Kabupaten Manokwari; 2). Marjin pemasaran beras produksi Kabupaten Manokwari; dan 3). Tingkat keterpaduan pasar beras di Kabupaten Manokwari; Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer ootuk mengetahui saluran, dan margin pemasaran sedangkan data sekunder ootuk mengetahui keterpaduan pasar dengan menggunakan data harga beras tahoo 2004- 2010. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Augmented Dickey Faller (ADF), dan analisis regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat sembilan pola pemasaran atau saluran pemasaran beras produksi Kabupaten Manokwari. Saluran terpanjang melibatkan sebanyak tiga lembaga perantara yaitu penggilingan, pedagang penampoog kabupaten dan pengecer kabupaten. Saluran yang panjang ini mempooyai margin pemasaran yang terbesar pula. Petani paling banyak menggunakan pola pemasaran beras pads saluran pemasaran yang keenam, yang melibatkan dua pedagang perantara yaitu penggilingan dan pedagang pengecer kabupaten. Persentase margin dari seluruh saluran tergolong rendah, hal ini akan mendorong petani ootuk lebih memproduksi beras karena harga yang diterima oleh petani menguntungkan, ini dapat dilihat dari share harga yang diterima oleh petani yang relatif tinggi. Analisis keterpaduan pasar beras produksi Kabupaten Manokwari menunjukan bahwa terdapat integrasi seeara vertikal antara harga beras di tingkat eeeran dan harga beras di tingkat grosir.
EVALUASI PINJAMAN PENGUATAN MODAL BIDANG TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA DI KECAMATAN PAKEM KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Perwitasari Hani , Suratiyah Ken , Hardyastuti Suhatmini
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this research -were (1) to identify the farmer groups's members reasons in taking the capital reinforcement loan, (2) to identify the capital reinforcement loan realization accepted by the members offarmer groups, (3) to identify the using of capital reinforcement loan by the members of farmer groups, (4) to identify the benefit of capital reinforcement loan according to the perception offarmer groups members. Basic method used in this research was descriptive method Research population was the member offarmer groups who took capital reinforcement loan of food and horticulture in Pakem district of Sleman regency in 2007, while research respondent was 39 members of 13 farmer groups' took by random sampling. The result of this research sho-wedthat thefarmer groups' reasons in taking the capital reinforcement loan the same with the amount of the loan demanded by the members of farmer groups. The capital reinforcement loanfor thefarmer groups' members has been usedfor onfarm. According to the perception of farmer groups members, the capital reinforcement loan was very useful because it could increase the income, production, and "WOrking chance.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) mengidentifIkasi alasan anggota kelompok tani mengambil pinjaman penguatan modal, (2) mengidentifIkasi realisasi pinjaman penguatan modal yang diterima oleh anggota ke1ompok tani, (3) mengidentifIkasi penggunaan pinjaman penguatan modal oleh anggota kelompok tani, dan (4) mengidentifIkasi manfaat pinjaman penguatan modal menurut persepsi anggota kelompok tani. Metode dasar ybg digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi penelitian yaitu anggota kelompok tani yang mengambil pinjaman penguatan modal bidang tanaman pangan dan hortikultura di kecamatan Pakem kabupaten Sleman pada tahun 2007 sedangkan responden penelitian yaitu 39 anggota kelompok tani diambil secara random sampling. Hasil penelitian. menunjukkan bahwa alasan anggota kelompok tani dalam mengambil pinjaman penguatan modal, yaitu kebutuhan usaha. Realisasi pinjaman penguatan modal sedikit lebih kecil dari jumlah pinjaman yang diinginkan oleh anggota kelompok tani. Pinjaman penguatan modal bagi anggota kelompok tani telah digunakan untuk kegiatan usahatani. Menurut persepsi anggota kelompok tani, pinjaman penguatan modal sangat bermanfaat karena dapat meningkatkan pendapatan, produksi, dan kesempatan kerja.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANGMEMPENGARUID PERMINTAAN KREDIT SEKTOR PERTANIAN DAN KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL
Authors: Meinardi Triandy , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

This research aims to knowfactors influencing demand of agricultural credit and to know how much agricultural sector contribution to growth of national economics. This research use a time series data of 1980 -2006 obtained from various sources like Badan Pusat Statistik, Bank Indonesia and other related institution and also some related website. Analytical method use table analysis to know the contribution of agricultural sector to growth national economics and linear regression analysis to know thefactors influencing demand of agricultural credit. The result of this research indicates that agricultural sector formerly the biggest contributor of Indonesian economics in 1980-1991, but to lack the second after processing industry in 1991-2001 and become the third biggest after processing industry and trading, restaurant and hotel in 2001-2006. The factors influencing demand of agricultural credit are inflation rate, the rate of interest, economies growth, agricultural labour, agricultural export, import and gold price.
Pendekatan Model Komunikasi, Partisipasi Kelompok dalam Adopsi Inovasi Agribisnis Ternak Kambing PE di Girikerto - Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Hanafi Hano , Soemardjo Soemardjo , Saleh Amirudin , Yuhana Ida
Published: September 2020

The essence of the participatory development is to encourage society to behave independently in all fields. This mean that it is need an interaction and interdependency ofall the parties involved in the development, including government, society and private institutions, to mobilise the energy and the sources given in the society. This research was conducted to support the implementation of innovation of PE sheep agribusiness in the group level in Girikerto, Sleman Regency. This research aimed at knowing the effective group communication model in the adoption and innovation of the PE sheep agribusiness, and to knowing the level of participation of the groups' members in the adoption and innovation of the PE sheep agribusiness.This research was conducted in Girikerto village, Turi Sub-regency, Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta Province in the period of August â€“ November 2001. The analysis units in the research were individual members of breeder group of PE sheep in Girikerto village. The studied groups was set "purposively" with the consideration of the improvement level of breeder group in the implementation of the innovation of PE sheep agribusiness. The selected group was breeder group of "Pangestu" (as the relatively advanced breeder group) and the breeder group of "Sukorejo" (as the relatively less developed breeder group). The respondents who were selected as samples constitute of Pangestu group by 59 individuals, and the members ofSukorejo group were 21 individual. Then, the total respondents in this research were 80 individuals. This research conducted through survey in the 80 breeders. The variables studied were breeder characteristic, participatory level of the groups' member Data obtained was analysing using computer-based SPSS method.The result of the research suggesting that the communication model occurred in the breeder groups, in the adoption and innovation of the PE sheep, was throughout the interpersonal communication and small group communication, which frequently called group communication. Contact person from which the information derived was an opinion leader, who was the groups' chief followed by the groups' staff andfnally to all of the members of the groups. The adoption and the innovation of the PE sheep agribusiness in the breeder group was more effective with participatory model from all of the groups' members, beginning with the planning, and then the implementation, and finally the evaluation and the employment of the result, according to the knowledge, skill and the sources given in the area.