bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for nosocomial Salmonella infection among hospitalized horses
Authors: House John K. , Mainar-Jaime Raúl C. , Smith Bradford P. , House Ann-Marie , Kamiya Darin Y.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify risk factors for nosocomial Salmonella infections among hospitalized horses.

Design

Longitudinal study.

Animals

1,583 horses hospitalized in an intensive care unit between January 1992 and June 1996.

Procedure

Survivor functions were used to estimate time to shedding salmonellae for various Salmonella serotypes. Survival analysis was then used to determine how variables associated with patient management, environmental conditions, hospital conditions, and other disease processes affected the risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection.

Results

78 horses shed Salmonella organisms: 35 shed Salmonella krefeld, 26 shed S typhimurium, and 17 shed other Salmonella serotypes. Mean time from admission to shedding was significantly longer for horses shedding S krefeld or S typhimurium than for horses shedding other Salmonella serotypes. Therefore, infection with S krefeld or S typhimurium was considered nosocomial. Seven variables were found to be significantly associated with risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection: mean number of horses in the hospital shedding S krefeld during the 4 days prior to and the day of admission, mean number of horses shedding S typhimurium during this period, a diagnosis of large colon impaction, withholding feed, number of days fed bran mash, duration of treatment with potassium penicillin G, and mean daily ambient temperature.

Clinical Implications

Results suggest that risk of nosocomial Salmomella infections is greater for horses with large colon impactions. In addition to implementing hospital protocols that minimize cross contamination between patients, strategies to reduce the risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection should include minimizing use of potassium penicillin G and regulation of environmental temperature in the hospital. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1511-1516)
Wound contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria cultured during total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Vogel Peter L. , Komtebedde Jan , Hirsh Dwight C. , Kass Phillip H.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To detect contamination of wound sites from surgical handling of excised tissues during total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs, and to compare susceptibility of bacterial isolates to cefazolin with susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents.

Design

Prospective clinical study.

Animals

13 dogs

Procedure

Dogs were treated surgically for otitis externa and media via total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Specimens for aerobic bacterial culture were obtained from SC tissue immediately following skin incision, tissues excised from the osseous bulla (after transection of the horizontal ear canal and lateral bulla osteotomy), and from SC tissue prior to skin closure. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates to various antibiotics was determined by use of a broth dilution assay.

Results

There was a significant association between isolation of Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli from specimens from the osseous bulla and specimens from the SC tissues prior to skin closure, indicating contamination of the SC tissues during surgery. Seventy percent of bacterial isolates were susceptible to cefazolin.

Clinical Implications

Measures to limit bacterial contamination resulting from tissue handling during total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy are necessary. Bactériologic culture of tissue of the osseous bulla and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility are recommended. Administration of cefazolin alone may not be efficacious for antimicrobial prophylaxis. (J Am Vet Med Asooc 1999;214:1641-1643)
Sino-orbital aspergillosis in a dog
Authors: Willis A. Michelle , Martin Charles L. , Stiles Jean
Published: December 2023

Fungal rhinitis-sinusitis is common in dogs and can be a primary infection or secondary to nasal trauma, foreign bodies, or neoplasia.

Invasion of bone is usually restricted to the nasal turbinates, but infection may extend through the cribriform plate, palatine bones, or the orbit.

Topical treatment may be successful, providing all affected cavities are effectively saturated with antifungal medication.
Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of gastric necrosis and survival among dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 102 cases (1995-1998)
Authors: de Papp Erika , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Hughes Dez
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine relationships between plasma lactate concentration and gastric necrosis and between plasma lactate concentration and outcome for dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

102 dogs.

Procedure

Information on signalment, history, plasma lactate concentration, medical and surgical treatment, cost of hospitalization, and outcome was retrieved from medical records.

Results

69 of 70 (99%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration < 6.0 mmol/L survived, compared with 18 of 31 (58%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration > 6.0 mmol/L (1 dog euthanatized for economic reasons was not included). Gastric necrosis was identified in 38 (37%) dogs. Median plasma lactate concentration in dogs with gastric necrosis (6.6 mmol/L) was significantly higher than concentration in dogs without gastric necrosis (3.3 mmol/L). Specificity and sensitivity of using plasma lactate concentration (with a cutoff of 6.0 mmol/L) to predict which dogs had gastric necrosis were 88 and 61%, respectively. Sixtytwo of 63 (98%) dogs without gastric necrosis survived, compared with 25 of 38 (66%) dogs with gastric necrosis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Preoperative plasma lactate concentration was a good predictor of gastric necrosis and outcome for dogs with GDV. Preoperative measurement of plasma lactate concentration may assist in determining prognosis of dogs with GDV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:49-52)
Calcium oxalate crystalluria in a goat
Authors: Clark Phillip , Swenson Cheryl L. , Osborne Carl A. , Ulrich Lisa K.
Published: December 2023

Recognition of the diverse shapes of various urine crystals is necessary for their accurate identification.

Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals most commonly have an octahedral or envelope shape.

Calcium ions and oxalic acid may form calcium oxalate crystals in urine.

Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystalluria is a risk factor for urolith formation.
Frequency and severity of mastocytemia in dogs with and without mast cell tumors: 120 cases (1995–1997)
Authors: McManus Patricia M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To elucidate frequency of detection on blood smears and severity on quantitative buffy coat evaluation of mastocytemia between dogs without mast cell tumors (MCT) and dogs that had MCT, and to expand the list of diseases associated with mastocytemia in dogs without MCT.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

94 dogs without MCT and 26 dogs with MCT.

Procedure

Medical records of all dogs with mast cells detected on blood or buffy coat smears during a 2-year period were reviewed. Dogs with mastocytemia were grouped by disease into dogs with MCT and dogs without MCT. Twenty-five of the dogs without MCT that had mast cells detected on blood smears also had evaluations of buffy coat smears. Quantitative buffy coat results of the 25 dogs without MCT were compared with those of the 26 dogs with MCT.

Results

95.5% of blood smears with mast cells detected during CBC determination were from dogs without MCT. For these dogs, diagnoses included inflammatory disease (28.2%), regenerative anemia (27%), neoplasia other than MCT (25.9%), and trauma (11.8%). Dogs with MCT had a mean of 71.4 mast cells/buffy coat smear, whereas dogs without MCT had a mean of 276.2 mast cells/buffy coat smear. The 2 highest counts of mast cells/buffy coat smear were for dogs without MCT.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

On the basis of results of quantitative buffy coat evaluations, severity of mastocytemia in dogs without MCT often exceeds that detected during tumor staging in dogs with MCT. Random detection of mast cells in blood smears during CBC determination in dogs is usually not secondary to MCT. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:355–357)
Drug disposition and dosage determination of once daily administration of gentamicin sulfate in horses after abdominal surgery
Authors: Tudor Rebecca A. , Papich Mark G. , Redding W. Rich
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate pharmacokinetics of once daily IV administration of gentamicin sulfate to adult horses that had abdominal surgery.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

28 adult horses that underwent abdominal surgery for colic.

Procedure

14 horses were treated with each dosage of gentamicin (ie, 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) and blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analysis measured the elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and gentamicin total systemic clearance. Treatment outcome, CBC, and serum creatinine concentrations were recorded.

Results

1 horse in the high-dosage group died. All other horses successfully recovered, and did not develop bacterial infection or have evidence of drug toxicosis resulting in renal injury. Mean pharmacokinetic variables for gentamicin administration at a high or low dosage (ie, 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) were half-life of 1.47 and 1.61 hours, volume of distribution of 0.17 and 0.17 L/kg, and systemic clearance of 1.27 and 1.2 ml/kg/min, respectively. Mean serum creatinine concentration was 1.74 and 1.71 for the high and low dosages, respectively, and serum creatinine concentration was not correlated with gentamicin clearance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Gentamicin administration at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours, will result in plasma concentrations that are adequate against susceptible bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 2.0 μg/ml. Gentamicin administration at a calculated dosage of 6.8 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours will result in optimum plasma concentrations against susceptible bacteria with a MIC of ≤ 4.0 μg/ml. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:503–506)
Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Mathews Karol A. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Lumsden John H. , Johnstone Ian B. , Hillers Thomas K. , Foster Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Design

Prospective case series.

Animals

59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs).

Procedure

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed.

Results

A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concena did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:798–804).
clinical signs associated with brain tumors in dogs: 97 cases (1992–1997)
Authors: Bagley Rodney S. , Gavin Patrick R. , Moore Michael P. , Silver Gena M. , Harrington Michael L. , Connors Rebecca L.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the prevalence of various clinical signs in dogs with brain tumors.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

97 dogs with brain tumors.

Procedure

Medical records were reviewed for signalment, tumor type and location, and clinical signs.

Results

33 breeds were represented; Golden Retrievers were most commonly affected. Most dogs were older (median age, 9 years); 95% of dogs were ≥ 5 years old. Seventy-six percent of dogs had tumors in the supratentorial region. Seizures were the most common clinical sign at initial examination, with lower prevalence for circling, ataxia, and head tilt. Meningioma was the most common tumor.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Brain tumors develop most often in dogs ≥ 5 years old and are uncommon in dogs < 5 years old. Seizures are a common clinical sign, and a brain tumor should be considered in dogs that have their first seizure after they are 4 years old. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:818–819)
Comparison of ketoprofen and carprofen administered prior to orthopedic surgery for control of postoperative pain in dogs
Authors: Grisneaux Emmanuelle , Pibarot Philippe , Dupuis Jacques , Blais Diane
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare analgesic and adverse effects of ketoprofen and carprofen when used to control pain associated with elective orthopedic surgeries in dogs.

Design

Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals

93 client-owned dogs: 46 undergoing reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament, 47 undergoing femoral head and neck excision, and 15 control dogs anesthetized for radiographic procedures.

Procedure

Dogs undergoing surgery were randomly given ketoprofen, carprofen, or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, SC, prior to surgery. Pain score and serum cortisol concentration were recorded for 12 hours after surgery for all dogs. When pain score was ≥ 7, oxymorphone was administered IM. Bleeding time was measured prior to and during surgery.

Results

The proportion of dogs that required oxymorphone was significantly higher for the carprofen and placebo groups than for the ketoprofen group. Pain score for the placebo group was significantly higher than for the ketoprofen and carprofen groups, 2,8, and 9 hours after surgery. Cortisol concentration was significantly higher for the placebo group than for the carprofen group at 4 and 6 hours after surgery. Significant differences were not detected between ketoprofen and carprofen groups with respect to pain score and cortisol concentration. Bleeding time was significantly longer for the ketoprofen group than for the other groups during surgery. One dog treated with ketoprofen developed a hematoma at the surgical site.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Ketoprofen and carprofen given prior to surgery were effective for postoperative pain relief in dogs. However, ketoprofen should not be used when noncompressible bleeding may be a problem. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1105–1110)
Effect of oral melatonin administration on sex hormone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone concentrations in adult dogs
Authors: Ashley Patricia F. , Frank Linda A. , Schmeitzel Lynn P. , Bailey Elizabeth M. , Oliver Jack W.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of oral melatonin (MT) administration on serum concentrations of sex hormones, prolactin, and thyroxine in dogs.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

8 male and 8 female adult sexually intact dogs.

Procedure

5 male and 5 female dogs were treated with MT (1.0 to 1.3 mg/kg [0.45 to 0.59 mg/lb] of body weight), PO, every 12 hours for 28 days; the other 6 dogs were used as controls. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 28, and serum concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP), dihydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEAS), prolactin, and thyroxine were determined. On day 5, serum MT concentrations were measured before and periodically for up to 8 hours after MT administration in 4 treated dogs.

Results

Female dogs treated with MT had significant decreases in serum estradiol, testosterone, and DHEAS concentrations between days 0 and 28. Male dogs treated with MT had significant decreases in serum estradiol and 17-HP concentrations between days 0 and 28. Serum MT concentrations increased significantly after MT administration and remained high for at least 8 hours. Prolactin and thyroxine concentrations were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Melatonin is well absorbed following oral administration and may alter serum sex hormone concentrations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1111–1115)
Effects of intramuscular administration of low doses of medetomidine and medetomidine-butorphanol in middle-aged and old dogs
Authors: Muir William W. , Ford Jennifer L. , Karpa Gladys E. , Harrison Earl E. , Gadawski Jennifer E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine effects of low doses of medetomidine administered with and without butorphanol and glycopyrrolate to middle-aged and old dogs.

Design

Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals

88 healthy dogs ≥ 5 years old.

Procedure

Dogs were assigned randomly to receive medetomidine (2, 5, or 10 pa/kg [0.9, 2.3, or 4.6 μg/lb] of body weight, IM) alone or with glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg [0.005 mg/Ib], SC), medetomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.1 mg/lb], IM), or medetomidine (10 μg/kg), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and maintained with isoflurane. Degree of sedation and analgesia were determined before and after medetomidine administration. Respiratory rate, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were determined 10 and 30 minutes after medetomidine administration. Adverse effects and amounts of thiopental and isoflurane used were recorded.

Results

Sedation increased after medetomidine administration in 79 of 88 dogs, but decreased in 7 dogs that received 2 or 5 μg of medetomidine/kg. Mean postsedation analgesia score and amounts of thiopental and isoflurane used were less in dogs that received medetomidine and butorphanol, compared with other groups. Respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were not different among groups. Significantly more adverse effects developed in dogs that did not receive glycopyrrolate.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Administration of medetomidine (10 μg/kg, IM) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IM) induced sedation and analgesia and reduced amounts of thiopental and isoflurane required for anesthesia in middle-aged and old dogs. Glycopyrrolate decreased frequency of medetomidine-associated adverse effects. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1116–1120)
Serum fructosamine concentration in cats with overt hyperthyroidism
Authors: Reusch Claudia E. , Tomsa Kamil
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on serum fructosamine concentration in cats.

Design

Cohort study.

Animals

22 cats with overt hyperthyroidism.

Procedure

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, detection of a palpable thyroid gland, and high total serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Hyperthyroid cats with abnormal serum albumin, total protein, and glucose concentrations were excluded from the study. Samples for determination of serum fructosamine concentration were obtained prior to initiating treatment. Results were compared with fructosamine concentrations in healthy cats, cats in which diabetes had recently been diagnosed, and cats with hypoproteinemia. In 6 cats, follow-up measurements were obtained 2 and 6 weeks after initiating treatment with carbimazole.

Results

Serum fructosamine concentrations ranged from 154 to 267 μmol/L (median, 198 μmol/L) and were significantly lower than values in healthy cats. Eleven (50%) of the hyperthyroid cats had serum fructosamine concentrations less than the reference range. Serum fructosamine concentrations in hyperthyroid, normoproteinemic cats did not differ from values in hypoproteinemic cats. During treatment, an increase in serum fructosamine concentration was detected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

In hyperthyroid cats, concentration of serum fructosamine may be low because of accelerated protein turnover, independent of blood glucose concentration. Serum fructosamine concentrations should not be evaluated in cats with overt hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, concentration of serum fructosamine in hyperthyroid cats should not be used to differentiate between diabetes mellitus and transitory stress-related hyperglycemia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1297–1300)
Clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of dogs with status epilepticus or cluster seizures: 156 cases (1990–1995)
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Parent Joane M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To report clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of dogs admitted to the hospital for status epilepticus or cluster seizures and evaluate factors associated with outcome.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

156 dogs admitted for status epilepticus or cluster seizures.

Procedure

Medical records were reviewed for seizure and medication history, diagnostic test results, types of treatment, hospitalization costs, and outcome of hospital visits.

Results

Dogs were admitted for seizures on 194 occasions. Of 194 admissions, 128 (66%), 2 (1%), 32 (16.5%), 2 (1%), and 30 (15.5%) were of dogs with a history of clusters of generalized seizures, clusters of partial complex seizures, convulsive status epilepticus, partial status epilepticus, and > 1 type of seizure, respectively. Underlying causes of seizures were primary epilepsy (26.8%; 52/194), secondary epilepsy (35.1%; 68), reactive epileptic seizures (6.7%; 13), primary or secondary epilepsy with low serum antiepileptic drug concentrations (5.7%; 11), and undetermined (25.8%; 50). One hundred and eighty-six hospital visits resulted in admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatments with continuous IV infusions of diazepam or phenobarbital were initiated during 66.8% (124/186) and 18.7% (35) of ICU hospital stays for 22.3 ± 16.1 hours (mean ± SD) and 21.9 ± 15.4 hours, respectively. Of 194 admissions, 74.7% (145) resulted in discharge from the hospital, 2.1% (4) in death, and 23.2% (45) in euthanasia. A poor outcome (death or euthanasia) was significantly associated with granulomatous meningoencephalitis, loss of seizure control after 6 hours of hospitalization, and the development of partial status epilepticus.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis, loss of seizure control after 6 hours of hospitalization, or the development of partial status epilepticus may indicate a poor prognosis for dogs with seizures. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1463–1468)
Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation for treatment of glaucoma in dogs: 18 cases (1992–1998)
Authors: Bentley Ellison , Miller Paul E. , Murphy Christopher J. , Schoster James V.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate a combined cycloablative and gonioimplantation technique for treatment of glaucoma in dogs.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

18 adult dogs with glaucoma.

Procedure

Medical records of dogs that received a valved gonioimplant and a cyclodestructive procedure (cyclocryoablation or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation) during a 6-year period were reviewed. Retention of vision and intraocular pressure control were assessed, as well as number and nature of complications.

Results

19 eyes of 18 dogs received a valved gonioimplant and either cyclocryoablation (n = 12) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (7). At ≥ 1 year after surgery, 11 of 19 eyes had vision and 14 of 19 eyes had intraocular pressure < 25 mm Hg. Two dogs (2 eyes) were lost to follow-up 3 and 6 months after surgery. Despite the alternative route for aqueous humor flow created by the gonioimplant, 7 eyes had increased intraocular pressure (27 to 61 mm Hg) < 24 hours after surgery. Other complications included excessive intraocular fibrin, focal retinal detachment, corneal ulcer, retinal hemorrhage, cataract, and implant migration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation appears to be a promising technique for retention of vision and control of intraocular pressure in dogs with glaucoma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1469–1472)
Treatment response and athletic outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities: 39 cases (1988–1997)
Authors: Dutton David M. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Honnas Clifford M. , Hague Brent A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate the response to various treatments and long-term outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

39 foals with tarsal valgus deformities.

Procedure

Data collected from medical records, included signalment, history, reason for admission, and clinical findings. Radiographic views of the tarsus were evaluated for incomplete ossification of tarsal bones and were classified as normal in appearance, type-I incomplete ossification, or type-II incomplete ossification. Treatment and athletic outcome were documented for each foal.

Results

Radiographic assessment revealed that 22 of 39 foals (56%) had concomitant tarsal valgus deformities and incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones. Eight of 19 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with periosteal stripping responded favorably. Foals ≤ 60 days old were significantly more likely to respond to periosteal stripping than older foals. Five of 8 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with growth plate retardation responded favorably. Eleven of 21 foals with long-term follow-up performed as intended. Compared with foals with type-II incomplete ossification, foals with tarsal bones that had a normal radiographic appearance or type-I incomplete ossification were significantly more likely to perform as intended.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Foals with tarsal valgus deformities should have lateromedial radiographic views of the tarsus obtained to assess the tarsal bones for incomplete ossification, which will affect athletic outcome. Because foals with typell incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones respond poorly to periosteal stripping alone, treatment by growth-plate retardation is recommended. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1481–1484)
Clinical comparison of three methods to measure blood pressure in nonsedated dogs
Authors: Stepien Rebecca L. , Rapoport Gregg S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine arterial blood pressure in client-owned dogs, using direct arterial puncture, oscillometry, and Doppler ultrasonography in a clinical setting.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

28 clinically normal client-owned dogs.

Procedure

Blood pressures of nonsedated dogs were measured simultaneously, using each of the 3 methods. Mean values obtained were compared with published mean values. Ability of noninvasive methods (Doppler ultrasonography and oscillometry) to accurately predict results of the invasive method, and relationships between blood pressure and age, body weight, and degree of patient anxiety were determined.

Results

Calculated ranges of values (mean ± 2 SD) determined by direct arterial puncture were: systolic pressure, 114 to 194 mm Hg; diastolic pressure, 66 to 102 mm Hg; and mean pressure, 85 to 129 mm Hg. Ranges determined by use of oscillometry were: systolic, 110 to 190 mm Hg; diastolic, 35 to 107 mm Hg; and mean, 78 to 138 mm Hg. Ultrasonographic and oscillometric values did not accurately predict direct values, but mean values of systolic and mean pressures were similar among methods. Relationships were not detected between age or body weight and blood pressure. Significant differences in blood pressure were not detected between anxious and nonanxious dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Mean values of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure measured in nonsedated client-owned dogs, using invasive and noninvasive methods in a clinical setting, are comparable with those determined for acclimatized, trained, or sedated dogs. However, results of noninvasive methods may not accurately reflect direct values. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1623–1628)
Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs
Authors: Abadie Jérôme J. , Amardeilh Marie A. , Delverdier Maxence E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 correlated with prognosis for dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT).

Design

Case series.

Animals

120 dogs with solitary cutaneous MCT that were excised.

Procedure

Information on signalment, history, and outcome was obtained by sending a questionnaire to referring veterinarians. Tumors were graded histologically, and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and PCNA was performed.

Results

Survival rates 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery were significantly different among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of histologic grade. Although mean number of PCNA-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly higher for dogs that died of MCT than for those that survived, there was great overlap in values. Mean number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly higher for dogs that died of MCT than for those that survived, without any overlap in values between groups, and number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly different among groups when tumors were grouped on the basis of histologic grades. For dogs with grade-ll tumors, number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei (< 93 vs = 93) was significantly associated with outcome (survived vs died).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Results suggest that for dogs with solitary cutaneous MCT, determining number of Ki-67-positive nuclei may be useful in predicting prognosis, particularly for dogs with grade-ll tumors. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1629–1634)
Comparison of perioperative versus postoperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous sarcoids and squamous cell carcinomas in horses
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Pascoe John R. , Galuppo Larry D. , Fisher Paul E. , Griffey Stephen M. , Madigan John E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the benefits of reducing the interval between surgical cytoreduction and intratumoral administration of cisplatin.

Design

Randomized clinical study.

Animals

70 horses with 89 incompletely resected T2- and T3-stage sarcoids (n = 64) and squamous cell carcinomas (25).

Procedure

Horses were given 4 intratumoral treatments of cisplatin at 2-week intervals. The first treatment was given at the time of, or immediately after, surgical resection for horses treated in accordance with the perioperative protocol (group 1). Horses in group 2 were treated with cisplatin after the skin healed following surgical resection in accordance with the postoperative protocol.

Results

A difference was not found in duration of overall local tumor control between the 2 groups. Patterns of treatment failures and interval to failure differed between the 2 groups. Length of the surgical scar was the only factor that affected prognosis; an increase in length was associated with a poorer prognosis. A detrimental effect of postoperative treatment was only found in tumors with a high tumor proliferative fraction. Local reactions were similar for the 2 treatment groups, and chronic reactions were not observed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Intratumoral administration of cisplatin is beneficial for treatment of cutaneous tumors in horses. Tumor repopulation during the interval between surgery and intratumoral administration of cisplatin decreases treatment efficacy. These results provide evidence of rapid tumor repopulation following surgical resection without a lag period for tumors with a high proliferation index. When tumor proliferation index is not known, it may be prudent to use the perioperative protocol. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1655–1660)
Usefulness of aerobic microbial culture and cytologic evaluation of corneal specimens in the diagnosis of infectious ulcerative keratitis in animals
Authors: Massa Kathleen L. , Murphy Christopher J. , Hartmann Faye A. , Miller Paul E. , Korsower Carolyn S. , Young Karen M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the diagnostic value of aerobic microbial culture and cytologic evaluation of corneal specimens in the diagnosis of infectious ulcerative keratitis (IUK).

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

48 animals (26 dogs, 13 horses, 7 cats, 1 bird, and 1 llama) with corneal ulcers.

Procedure

Scrapings from corneal ulcers were examined cytologically. Corneal swab specimens were submitted for microbial culture. Animals were grouped according to whether they had been receiving antimicrobials at the time of admission.

Results

Of the 38 animals receiving antimicrobials, 19 had positive results for IUK on cytologic evaluation, 20 on microbial culture, and 26 on cytologic evaluation, microbial culture, or both. Of the 10 animals not receiving antimicrobials at the time of admission, 7 had positive results for IUK on cytologic evaluation, and 9 had positive results on microbial culture. In this group of 10 animals, additional animals with IUK were not identified on the basis of cytologic evaluation alone. When all 48 animals were considered irrespective of antimicrobial treatment, 26 and 29 had positive results for IUK on cytologic evaluation and microbial culture, respectively, whereas IUK was confirmed in 35 animals on the basis of cytologic evaluation, microbial culture results, or both.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Microbial culture and cytologic evaluation of corneal specimens maximizes identification of IUK, especially in animals receiving antimicrobial treatment. Because of serious consequences of untreated IUK, we recommend that both diagnostic tests be used to tailor treatment and reduce risk of vision impairment in animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1671–1674)
Serum copper concentrations in beef cows and heifers
Authors: Dargatz David A. , Garry Franklyn B. , Clark Gary B. , Ross Paul F.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To characterize serum copper status of cows and heifers in beef cow-calf herds throughout the United States and to evaluate use of copper supplements in those herds.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Animals

2,007 cows and heifers from 256 herds in 18 states.

Procedures

Producers participating in a health and management survey conducted as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System voluntarily allowed serum samples to be obtained from cows and heifers for determination of copper concentration. Results were categorized as deficient, marginally deficient, or adequate. The proportion of cattle and herds (on the basis of mean value of the tested cattle) in each category was determined. Copper concentrations were compared between herds that reportedly used copper supplements and those that did not.

Results

Overall, 34 of 2,007 (1.7%) cows and heifers were deficient in copper, and 781 (38.9%) were marginally deficient. In each region, at least a third of the cattle were deficient or marginally deficient. For herds, 92 of 256 (35.9%) were marginally deficient, and 22 (0.8%) were deficient. Approximately half of the producers reported use of copper supplements, but a sizeable proportion of those producers' cattle and herds were classified as marginally deficient or deficient.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Copper deficiency is not restricted to a single geographic region of the United States. Copper deficiency can persist despite reported use of supplements by producers. Veterinarians dealing with beef cow-calf herds that have problems consistent with copper deficiency should not rule out copper deficiency solely on the basis of geographic region or reported use of copper supplements for the herd. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1828–1832)
The Haunting of Illa Bella Negreeta: Uncanny Home(Lands) in Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe
Authors: Macmillan Catherine
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on Zuleika, a young black inhabitant of Roman Londinium, and her uncanny relationship with her various homes and homelands in Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe. It also argues that the novel may provoke a sense of the uncanny in the reader, leading them to question traditional views of classical and British history as “all-white”.
“With a Home Nowhere, I Belong Everywhere”: Travel as a Heterotopic Space of Feminist Resistance in Shivya Nath’s The Shooting Star (2018)
Authors: Talukdar Amrita , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: December 2023

In India, male dominance historically prevailed in the realms of travel and travel writing due to their alignment with ideals of masculine courage and sexuality. However, in the post-millennial era, Indian women began to emerge as solo travelers in the tourism industry, facilitated by increased access to higher education and diverse professions. By analyzing the travel memoir of Shivya Nath, a prominent Indian female travel blogger, titled The Shooting Star (2018), this article explores the concept of solo travel as a heterotopic space—a realm of resistance and negotiation that empowers women and offers an alternative form of liberation. Nath’s memoir celebrates female emancipation, defying narratives of victimhood. The argument presented is that solo travel represents an active form of resistance against gender stereotypes, enabling women to overcome personal fears and logistical obstacles.
From Orthodoxy to the Universal Logic of Human Rights: A Case Study of Film Thappad (The Slap)
Authors: Sharma Navin , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the film Thappad (The Slap) (2020) directed by Anubhav Sinha, which portrays slapping as a form of domestic abuse and a violation of women’s right to self-respect. This study investigates the incorporation of Universal Human Rights principles into the discourse of Hindi cinema. Through textual analysis of the film text, the paper examines how the film employs the language of rights as a counter-narrative against patriarchal ideologies, promoting gender equality and dignity within domestic settings. It argues that by countering the conservative cultural perspectives pertaining to spousal abuse through the discourse and philosophy of Human Rights, the film contributes to societal transformation. The paper identifies a shift in the film’s discourse from traditional, orthodox narratives to universal narratives centred around rights.
Impacto del cambio climático en las descargas futuras de una cuenca altoandina de Perú al 2100
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Perú, del Aguila Sandra , Espinoza-Montes Francisco ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Perú
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto del cambio climático en el comportamiento de las descargas mensuales en la cuenca Anya, afluente del Mantaro, Junín, al 2100, con el modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Se obtuvieron datos grillados diarios de precipitación y temperaturas de PISCO (Peruvian Interpolated data of the SENAMHI’s Climatological and Hydrological Observations) entre 1981 y 2015, y caudales promedio mensuales medidos en la estación hidrométrica Anya. Para el análisis del efecto espacio temporal del cambio climático en la temperatura y precipitación, y su influencia en el escurrimiento de la cuenca, se utilizaron cinco modelos climáticos globales (ACCES1.0, bcc_csm1, BNU_ESM, CMCC_CM y GISS_E2) en dos escenarios de emisiones (RCP 4.5 y 8.5). La simulación se realizó para el periodo 2070-2100, considerándose como periodo base 1980-2010. El modelo funcionó satisfactoriamente con los valores estadísticos de Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), PBIAS y coeficiente de determinación (R2). En la cuenca, los resultados promedio muestran un incremento de precipitación (entre 4.63 y 8.14 %) y temperatura (de 2.3 a 4.2 °C), en escenarios RCP 4.5 y 8.5 al 2100. Asimismo, habría un incremento de caudales en comparación con el periodo base, obteniéndose que, en promedio, el caudal en la cuenca aumentaría en 2.4 y 12.6 % en los escenarios RCP 4.5 y 8.5, respectivamente. Se concluye que el incremento de temperatura y precipitación influirá en una mayor escorrentía y riesgo de inundaciones en las áreas de cultivo en la cuenca.
Assessing Vegetable Farmers’ Knowledge of Disease and Pests Control Methods in Ghana: A Survey of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum [L]) Farmers in the Mampong Municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Lambon John Bokaligidi , Sanuel Mahama , Honger Joseph , Yakubu David
Published: December 2023

A survey of 200 farmers in the Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti region was conducted between June and October 2016. It was to determine their knowledge of different pests and disease control methods employed, access to extension services, pesticides use and other pests control methods. The study relied on data collected from respondents, 12 key informants (pesticides dealers, vegetable buyers and local chief farmers), field surveillance and observation as well as the reports of the Directorate of Agriculture in the Municipality. Data were captured and analyzed using MS Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPPS) version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and interpreted into simple percentages on tables and charts. The result showed that farmers are above 20 years and 18% were female. The majority (74%) have at least basic education with six (6) or more years’ of experience in tomato production. Sixty-four percent (64%) had no access to extension services due to poor contact with the agricultural extension agents (AEAs). Most respondents (70%) lacked education on pesticides and alternative (e.g., integrated pests’ management) control. Nine-two percent acknowledged the dangers of pesticides to public health. Sixty-four percent practice bi-weekly calendar spraying while 30 % and 6% practice weekly and occasional spraying respectively. Forty-four percent of farmers throw used containers or leave them on the farm. More education is needed to ensure safe use of pesticides and wholesome tomatoes for the public.
Inpatient allergy delabeling of pediatric patients with low-risk penicillin allergy status through direct oral amoxicillin challenge
Authors: Lim Peter Paul C. , Moore LeAnne N. , Minich Nori Mercuri , Wessell Kathryn Ruda , Desai Ankita P.
Published: December 2023

Background: Less than 5% of children who report penicillin allergy have clinically pertinent type 1 immunoglobulin E mediated hypersensitivity reaction by using direct oral amoxicillin challenge. Several pathways have been developed to delabel penicillin allergy by using
direct oral amoxicillin challenge, mostly in the outpatient settings, but there is relative scarcity on published outcomes of these pathways, especially in the inpatient pediatric settings. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an institutionally derived
inpatient penicillin allergy screening tool. Methods: Patients were stratified into three penicillin allergy risk categories by using an institutional screening questionnaire. Patients with a no-risk status were delabeled without challenge testing. Patients with low-risk
status underwent direct graded oral amoxicillin challenge and delabeled based on their response. Patients with high-risk status were referred to allergy service. Results: Ninety-two patients were identified with penicillin allergy. Forty of the 92 patients (43%) were screened.
Of the 40 patients screened, 6 (15%) were identified as no risk, 28 (70%) were identified as low risk, and 6 (15%) were identified as high risk. Twenty-four of the 28 patients at low risk (86%) were eligible for direct amoxicillin oral challenge. Seventeen of the 24 (71%) consented to oral
challenge but only 12 (71%) underwent direct amoxicillin oral challenge. Eleven of the 12 who underwent oral challenge (92%) were successfully delabeled. Five of the six patients at no risk (83%) were successfully delabeled. Three of the six patients at high risk (50%) were referred for further
allergy evaluation. Overall, 16 of the 40 patients screened (40%) were successfully delabeled. Conclusion: In this small pediatric inpatient study, our institutional risk stratification screening tool identified patients at low risk for penicillin allergy and direct graded
oral amoxicillin challenge was safely administered to delabel penicillin allergy in these patients.Clinical trial NCT05020327, www.clinicaltrials.gov
Real-world effectiveness and predictors of super-responders to dupilumab in a Chinese uncontrolled asthma cohort
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Luo Huiting , Yan Wenbo , Tang Kailun , Huang Junfeng , Xie Shuojia , Lin Zhenxuan , Zhang Zhenle , Shi Xu , Xian Mo , Wang Wanjun , Li Jing , Chen Ruchong
Published: December 2023

Background: Dupilumab has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. However, the efficacy of dupilumab in the real world and the prediction of treatment response have not been well studied in patients with asthma. Objective:
To investigate the efficacy of dupilumab and explore predictors of super-responders in a Chinese retrospective cohort. Methods: From January 2021 through December 2022, the patients with uncontrolled asthma who were treated with dupilumab for 4 months were included.
Symptom control, type 2 inflammatory biomarkers, and lung function were collected at baseline and follow-up for efficacy assessment. Super-responders were defined as exacerbation-free, off maintenance of oral corticosteroids (mOCS), and with a score of the five-item Asthma Control Questionnaire
(ACQ-5) of <0.5. The uni- and multivariable logistic regressions were used to construct predictive models for super-responders based on baseline features. Results: A total of 53 patients were included. After 4 months treatment, the median (interquartile range [IQR])
ACQ-5 score decreased from 1.8 (1.6‐2.4) to 0.4 (0.2‐0.8) (p < 0.001), the median (IQR) number of exacerbations, from 0.0 (0.0‐1.0) to 0.0 (0.0-0.0) (p = 0.005). The median (IQR) dose of mOCS (prednisone equivalent) decreased from 15.0 mg/day (8.8‐22.5 mg/day)
to 2.5 mg/day (0.0‐10.0 mg/day) (p = 0.008) in nine patients who were receiving mOCS. All efficacy assessment parameters, including sputum eosinophil were significantly improved, while blood eosinophil count did not decline (530 cells/mm3 [300‐815 cells/mm3]
versus 560 cells/mm3 [220‐938 cells/mm3], p = 0.710). After taking dupilumab, 25 of 53 patients (47.2%) achieved a super-response. The age of onset < 42 years (odds ratio [OR] 7.471 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.286‐43.394) and the baseline fractional
exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) of 25‐50 ppb (OR 35.038 [95% CI, 3.104‐395.553]) predicted super-responders, which showed a C-index of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.697‐0.947). Conclusion: Dupilumab significantly improved symptom control, type 2 inflammatory markers,
and lung function in Chinese patients with uncontrolled asthma. Airway eosinophils, rather than blood eosinophils, can be a reliable indicator of therapeutic efficacy. The early-onset asthma as well as the medium-high level of baseline FeNO contributed to the prediction of super-responders.